gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review on Patents in Microreactor and Micro Process Engineering (2008)

During the last five years, the number of patent publications in the field of microreactor engineering has increased steadily and seems now to approach a more constant level. The majority of patents are initiated by German, US, and Japanese inventors or applicants. Even among these, a few chemical companies and institutes have a major share. Initially, the focus was on fabrication, device, and total system related inventions. Meanwhile, an increasing number of process patent publications have been released showing the further stage of implementation of the technique which is moving to micro process engineering. The focus of the patents and published patent applications is on fine-chemical processes. Keywords: Microreactor, patent, invention, microreaction engineering, micro process engineering
Anterior chamber depth in relation to refractive status measured with the Orbscan II Topography System (2003)

Significantly lower ACD values were found in the hyperopia group than in the other 2 groups. There was no difference in ACD between the emmetropia and myopia groups even though the AL in the myopia group was 4.0 mm longer. No statistical difference in ACD measurements was found between the Orbscan II and IOLMaster.
Silver-enhanced diaminobenzidine-sulfide (SEDS): a technique for high-resolution immunoelectron microscopy demonstrated with monoamine immunoreactivity in monkey cerebral cortex and caudate. (1993)

A common frustration of immunoelectron microscopy (IEM) is the density of the 3,3'-diaminobenzidine (DAB) label, which obscures intracellular details of labeled structures. To overcome this problem, a silver enhancement protocol was developed which leaves silver deposits on very low levels of DAB. The resulting label is composed of easily visualized punctate silver deposits, localized in processes with little or no detectable DAB. This technique incorporates several modifications into previously described methods for silver enhancement of DAB. The principal innovation is to pretreat the DAB label with sodium sulfide before silver enhancement, which substantially increases the sensitivity of the silver enhancement. In addition, cysteine was used in place of thioglycolic acid to suppress tissue argyrophilia, allowing use of both glutaraldehyde- and paraformaldehyde-fixed tissue without degradation of ultrastructure. We demonstrate this technique with dopamine, norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5HT) immunoreactivity in monkey prefrontal cerebral cortex and with dopamine immunoreactivity in the anterior caudate. The punctate label allows essentially unobscured visualization of the intracellular details and cell membranes of these monoamine axons. Whereas 5HT axons formed small asymmetric synapses, dopamine and NE axons typically formed small symmetric synapses with notably subtle membrane specializations. It is likely that these are often obscured by conventional DAB labeling. The use of several preparations indicates that this technique will be useful with a variety of antibodies. It might also provide an attractive alternative to colloidal gold, especially with glutaraldehyde-fixed tissue which is not easily penetrated by gold particles.
Turbulent Flow Control (1995)

Abstract : The primary purpose of this project was to explore actuators, sensors, and control strategies for active control of turbulent jets and boundary layers. Potential applications of this work are to boundary layer control in aircraft and propulsion systems, which should be enabled by concurrent developments in MEMS fabrication technology. The present experiments were performed in a low-speed water flow, where the turbulence is large scale and slow, allowing easy measurement of flow properties and use of actuators and sensors that could be fabricated individually. A zero net mass flow actuator was developed and used in conjunction with wall stress sensors to demonstrate control of laminar flows containing steady and unsteady streamwise vorticies similar to those found in the near-wall region of turbulent boundary layers. Various closed loop control schemes, including an adaptive inverse neural net control, were explored. An early phase of the project was devoted to extension of work on control of round jets by acoustic excitation. It was shown that the jet direction and mixing can be strongly influenced by acoustic and fluidic actuation.
Three-Level Active Neutral-Point-Clamped (ANPC) Converter with Fault Tolerant Ability (2009)

Compared with traditional three-level neutral-point-clamped converter, the recently proposed three-level active neutral-point-clamped (ANPC) converter can overcome the unequal loss distribution among semiconductor devices, and therefore result in increased output power or switching frequency. In industrial applications, fault tolerance of power electronics converters is very important considering system availability, safety and reliability. This paper presents the fault tolerant ability of three-level ANPC converter. Control schemes are proposed to keep the neutral-point voltage balanced and get stable and continuous output under single device fault for both open-circuit fault and short-circuit fault cases. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the fault tolerant ability of the three-level ANPC inverter under the presented control strategies, which are promising to carry on further experimental validation.
Freeze-fracture studies of frog neuromuscular junctions during intense release of neurotransmitter. I. Effects of black widow spider venom and Ca2+-free solutions on the structure of the active zone. (1979)

Black widow spider venom (BWSV) was applied to frog nerve-muscle preparations bathed in Ca2+-containing, or Ca2+-free, solutions and the neuromuscular junctions were studied by the freeze-fracture technique. When BWSV was applied for short periods (10-15 min) in the presence of Ca2+, numerous dimples (P face) or protuberances (E face) appeared on the presynaptive membrane and approximately 86% were located immediately adjacent to the double rows of large intramembrane particles that line the active zones. When BWSV was applied for 1 h in the presence of Ca2+, the nerve terminals were depleted of vesicles, few dimples or protuberances were seen, and the active zones were almost completely disorganized. The P face of the presynaptic membrane still contained large intramembrane particles. When muscles were soaked for 2-3 h in Ca2+-free solutions, the active zones became disorganized, and isolated remnants of the double rows of particles were found scattered over the P face of the presynaptic membrane. When BWSV was applied to these preparations, dimples or protuberances occurred almost exclusively alongside disorganized active zones or alongside dispersed fragments of the active zones. The loss of synaptic vesicles from terminals treated with BWSV probably occurs because BWSV interferes with the endocytosis of vesicle membrane. Therefore, we assume that the dimples or protuberances seen on these terminals identify the sites of exocytosis, and we conclude that exocytosis can occur mostly in the immediate vicinity of the large intramembrane particles. Extracellular Ca2+ seems to be required to maintain the grouping of the large particles into double rows at the active zones, but is not required for these particles to specify the sites of exocytosis.
« Les carnets du chemin » : un album du commencement continu de la voix et de la vie (2010)

J. M. G. Le Clézio, accueilli dans la collection « Le Chemin » chez Gallimard en 1963, est un des plus importants auteurs des Cahiers du chemin de Georges Lambrichs, publiés chez Gallimard de 1967 à 1977. Son texte, « Les Carnets du chemin », semble offrir l’acmé de cette complicité de l’auteur du Procès-verbal avec la revue de Lambrichs. Le titre que donne Le Clézio à sa contribution au numéro 23 du 15 janvier 1975 est en effet un écho au titre de la revue de son mentor chez Gallimard. De pl...
Chain-like assembly of gold nanoparticles on artificial DNA templates via ‘click chemistry’ (2007)

We present a new type of azide-functionalized gold nanoparticle and their coupling to an alkyne-modified DNA duplex using the copper(I)-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition ('click chemistry'), resulting in a chain-like assembly of nanoparticles on the DNA template.
High levels of stromelysin-3 correlate with poor prognosis in patients with breast carcinoma (1996)

Stromelysin 3 (ST3) is a matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expressed in fibroblast-like cells of most human invasive carcinomas. In this investigation, ST3 was measured by semiquantitative immunohistochemistry in 111 primary breast cancers. ST3 levels showed no correlation with tumor size, axillary-node status or tumor grade (Scarff-Bloom-Richardson system; SBR) but were significantly associated with higher nuclear grade (modified SBR). In addition, ST3 levels were significantly higher in ductal than in lobular cancers. Patients with high scores of ST3 staining had a shorter disease-free interval and shorter overall survival than patients with low scores. ST3 is thus one of the first MMPs to correlate with patient outcome in breast cancer. These findings are consistent with earlier clinical and experimental observations suggesting that ST3 contributes to breast-cancer progression.
A Proposal for the Integration of Dublin Core and MPEG-7 (2000)

This document describes a mapping between Dublin Core and MPEG-7 metadata using XML namespaces.
<title>Sharpening of scanned originals using the luminance, hue, and saturation (LHS) coordinate system</title> (1994)

A digital sharpening algorithm which operates in the luminance, hue and saturation (LHS) color space was applied to simulated images and digital images scanned on a CMYK scanner. The spatial algorithm was the same as the one used in normal operations. Edge detection was performed in the HS space on the luminance (L) image and the sharp signal derived from it was added to the original unsharpened L image. The effect of sharpening the saturation (S) image was also tested. The resulting images were transformed back to the CMYK space, printed and compared to images sharpened in the RGB space with various conventional algorithms. Results show that sharpening in the LHS space avoids contours with color different from that of the object and maintains the original color of very fine details, in contrast to the conventional RGB sharpening algorithm. Some aspects of this method, however, should still be improved before its advantages can justify the changes necessary for implementation in the color separation scanner.
Amplify-and-Forward Cooperative Diversity with Space-Time Coded UWB Systems (2006)

In this paper, we examine the impact of spatial diversity on ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. This diversity is exploited by deploying two antennas at the UWB terminals. For single-antenna systems, spatial diversity is exploited in a distributed manner where a neighboring node can help the source in delivering its message to a destination. In particular, two space-time (ST) coding schemes are proposed. The first one is optimal among all totally-real codes having a constant transmitted energy per antenna. Unlike the classical approach of constructing ST codes over infinite fields, the second construction takes the structure of 2-dimensional constellations into consideration in order to propose an appropriate modulation-specific code. These schemes are associated with multi-antenna arrays and with virtual arrays based on the amplify-and-forward (AF) strategy
Extracting a Good Quality Frontal Face Image From a Low-Resolution Video Sequence (2011)

Feeding low-resolution and low-quality images, from inexpensive surveillance cameras, to systems like, e.g., face recognition, produces erroneous and unstable results. Therefore, there is a need for a mechanism to bridge the gap between on one hand low-resolution and low-quality images and on the other hand facial analysis systems. The proposed system in this paper deals with exactly this problem. Our approach is to apply a reconstruction-based super-resolution algorithm. Such an algorithm, however, has two main problems: first, it requires relatively similar images with not too much noise and second is that its improvement factor is limited by a factor close to two. To deal with the first problem we introduce a three-step approach, which produces a face-log containing images of similar frontal faces of the highest possible quality. To deal with the second problem, limited improvement factor, we use a learning-based super-resolution algorithm applied to the result of the reconstruction-based part to improve the quality by another factor of two. This results in an improvement factor of four for the entire system. The proposed system has been tested on 122 low-resolution sequences from two different databases. The experimental results show that the proposed system can indeed produce a high-resolution and good quality frontal face image from low-resolution video sequences.
Interactions That Drive Sec-Dependent Bacterial Protein Transport (2007)

Understanding the transport of hydrophilic proteins across biological membranes continues to be an important undertaking. The general secretory (Sec) pathway in Escherichia coli transports the majority of E. coli proteins from their point of synthesis in the cytoplasm to their sites of final localization, associating sequentially with a number of protein components of the transport machinery. The targeting signals for these substrates must be discriminated from those of proteins transported via other pathways. While targeting signals for each route have common overall characteristics, individual signal peptides vary greatly in their amino acid sequences. How do these diverse signals interact specifically with the proteins that comprise the appropriate transport machinery and, at the same time, avoid targeting to an alternate route? The recent publication of the crystal structures of components of the Sec transport machinery now allows a more thorough consideration of the interactions of signal sequences with these components.
Acetylcholinesterase active centre and gorge conformations analysed by combinatorial mutations and enantiomeric phosphonates (2003)

A series of eight double and triple mutants of mouse acetylcholinesterase (AChE; EC 3.1.1.7), with substitutions corresponding to residues found largely within the butyrylcholinesterase (BChE; EC 3.1.1.8) active-centre gorge, was analysed to compare steady-state kinetic constants for substrate turnover and inhibition parameters for enantiomeric methylphosphonate esters. The mutations combined substitutions in the acyl pocket (Phe(295)-->Leu and Phe(297)-->Ile) with the choline-binding site (Tyr(337)-->Ala and Phe(338)-->Ala) and with a side chain (Glu(202)--> Gln) N-terminal to the active-site serine, Ser(203). The mutations affected catalysis by increasing K (m) and decreasing k (cat), but these constants were typically affected by an order of magnitude or less, a relatively small change compared with the catalytic potential of AChE. To analyse the constraints on stereoselective phosphonylation, the mutant enzymes were reacted with a congeneric series of S (P)- and R (P)-methylphosphonates of known absolute stereochemistry. Where possible, the overall reaction rates were deconstructed into the primary constants for formation of the reversible complex and intrinsic phosphonylation. The multiple mutations greatly reduced the reaction rates of the more reactive S (P)-methylphosphonates, whereas the rates of reaction with the R (P)-methylphosphonates were markedly enhanced. With the phosphonates of larger steric bulk, the enhancement of rates for the R (P) enantiomers, coupled with the reduction of the S (P) enantiomers, was sufficient to invert markedly the enantiomeric preference. The sequence of mutations to enlarge the size of the AChE active-centre gorge, resembling in part the more spacious gorge of BChE, did not show an ordered conversion into BChE reactivity as anticipated for a rigid template. Rather, the individual aromatic residues may mutually interact to confer a distinctive stereospecificity pattern towards organophosphates.
The Effect of Cannabis Sativa Leaves Aqueous Extract on Cerebral Cortex in Albino Rats (2013)

Cortex Of Wister Rats.
Functional analysis of Arg-308 mutants of Flp recombinase. Possible role of Arg-308 in coupling substrate binding to catalysis. (1990)

The arginine residue at position 308 in the Flp recombinase corresponds to the only invariant arginine within the Int family of recombinases. Alterations of this residue result in Flp variants that retain substrate recognition, but form weaker protein-DNA complexes than wild type Flp. Furthermore, their DNA cleavage activity is significantly diminished. A conservative change of R308K results in a functional Flp variant; however, this protein has a lowered temperature optimum for recombination. The Arg-308 mutants can be stabilized on the DNA substrate through cooperativity with a partner Flp mutant that is tight binding. Thus, interactions between Flp monomers must be a relevant feature of the normal recombination reaction.
XML binary serialization using cross-fomat schema protocol (XFSP) and XML compression consideration for extensible 3D (X3D) graphics (2003)

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.
Wnt signaling in development and disease (2012)

Cell signaling mediated by morphogens is essential to coordinate growth and patterning, two key processes that govern the formation of a complex multi-cellular organism. During growth and patterning, cells are specified by both quantitative and directional information. While quantitative information regulates cell proliferation and differentiation, directional information is conveyed in the form of cell polarities instructed by local and global cues. Major morphogens like Wnts play critical roles in embryonic development and they are also important in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Abnormal regulation of these signaling events leads to a diverse array of devastating diseases including cancer. Wnts transduce their signals through several distinct pathways and they regulate vertebrate embryonic development by providing both quantitative and directional information. Here, taking the developing skeletal system as an example, we review our work on Wnt signaling pathways in various aspects of development. We focus particularly on our most recent findings that showed that in vertebrates, Wnt5a acts as a global cue to establishing planar cell polarity (PCP). Our work suggests that Wnt morphogens regulate development by integrating quantitative and directional information. Our work also provides important insights in disease like Robinow syndrome, brachydactyly type B1 (BDB1) and spina bifida, which can be caused by human mutations in the Wnt/PCP signaling pathway.
Stretchable Conductive Polymers and Composites Based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS (2019)

The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and especially its complex with poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), is perhaps the most well-known example of an organic conductor. It is highly conductive, largely transmissive to light, processible in water, and highly flexible. Much recent work on this ubiquitous material has been devoted to increasing its deformability beyond flexibility-a characteristic possessed by any material that is sufficiently thin-toward stretchability, a characteristic that requires engineering of the structure at the molecular- or nanoscale. Stretchability is the enabling characteristic of a range of applications envisioned for PEDOT in energy and healthcare, such as wearable, implantable, and large-area electronic devices. High degrees of mechanical deformability allow intimate contact with biological tissues and solution-processable printing techniques (e.g., roll-to-roll printing). PEDOT:PSS, however, is only stretchable up to around 10%. Here, the strategies that have been reported to enhance the stretchability of conductive polymers and composites based on PEDOT and PEDOT:PSS are highlighted. These strategies include blending with plasticizers or polymers, deposition on elastomers, formation of fibers and gels, and the use of intrinsically stretchable scaffolds for the polymerization of PEDOT.
Hypothermic Aortic Arch Flush for Preservation during Exsanguination Cardiac Arrest of 15 Minutes in Dogs (1999)

At the start of 15 minutes of exsanguination cardiac arrest in dogs, hypothermic aortic arch flush allows resuscitation to survival with normal neurologic function and histologically almost clean brains.
Efficient rendering of spatial bi-directional reflectance distribution functions (2002)

We propose texture maps that contain at each texel all the parameters of a Lafortune representation BRDF as a compact, but quite general surface appearance representation. We describe a method for rendering such surfaces rapidly on current graphics hardware and demonstrate the method with real, measured surfaces and hand-painted surfaces.We also propose a method of rendering such spatial bi-directional reflectance distribution functions using prefiltered environment maps. Only one set of maps is required for rendering the different BRDFs stored at each texel over the surface.
Transdermal Clonidine for Ameliorating Post-Orchiectomy Hot Flashes (1994)

To determine the efficacy of transdermal clonidine for alleviating post-orchiectomy hot flashes, a randomized, double-blind, crossover clinical trial was designed including 70 men with a history of prostate cancer who had undergone a medical or surgical orchiectomy and were suffering from hot flashes. The results of this study demonstrated that clonidine did not significantly decrease hot flash frequency or severity. Future research is necessary to find effective means of alleviating hot flashes in post-orchiectomy patients.
Physiotherapy during Ilizarov fixation (1990)

A limb stabilized in an Ilizarov external fixator must be used in a physiologic manner for the entire time that the frame is in place. Weight-bearing for lower extremity applications and the functional use of upper limbs are essential for the proper maturation and ossification of either a fracture callus or a lengthening distraction gap. Progressive weight-bearing begins on the day following application of the fixator. Any reason for a decline in a patient's ambulatory capacity during treatment (eg, pain, wire sepsis, contractures) must be corrected. Likewise, during any Ilizarov procedure involving movement of bone segments—whether lengthening, deformity correction, or bone transport—myofascial tissues resist elongation, leading to either gradual deformity at the site of a corticotomy or joint contractures that can progress to subluxations and dislocations. For this reason, intensive physiotherapy, dynamic and static splinting, and proper night positioning must be employed for the entire time a patient is in fixation.