gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional single-molecule devices based on SWNTs as point contacts (2009)

We present a universal lithographic methodology for creating single molecule devices based on single-walled carbon nanotubes as point contacts. These contacts are formed by electron beam lithography and precise oxygen plasma etching. Through robust amide linkages, functional molecular bridges with diamines are covalently wired into carboxylic acid-functionalized nanogaps to afford single molecule devices with desired functionalities.
Elastin-Mediated Choroidal Endothelial Cell Migration: Possible Role in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2008)

Elastin fragments increase choroidal EC migration, whereas they do not appear to increase or decrease EC proliferation. Local or systemic abnormalities in elastin physiology may participate in pathologic neovascular membrane formation in AMD.
Susceptibility of Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Chikungunya Virus (1992)

The relative susceptibility of selected strains of Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) fed on a viremic monkey to infection with chikungunya virus was determined. Infection rates were consistently higher in 10 strains of Ae. albopictus tested than in 7 strains of Ae. aegypti tested, regardless of the geographic location from which the strains originated or the dose of virus ingested. Similarly, virus dissemination rates were higher in the Ae. albopictus strains compared with the Ae. aegypti strains. For nearly all (11 of 12) strains tested of both species, groups of mosquitoes with one or more females with a disseminated infection transmitted virus by bite to weanling mice. Based on these studies, Ae. albopictus appears to be a more competent laboratory vector of chikungunya virus than does Ae. aegypti.
Design Concepts, Indications, and Surgical Technique for Use of the Protrusio Shell (1982)

Major deficiencies of the medial wall of the acetabulum arising from severe protrusio acetabula, migrated endoprostheses, old central fracture dislocations, and intrapelvic socket protrusions are a serious threat to the success and longevity of total hip arthroplasty. However, excessive strain on the weakened medial wall can be substantially reduced by the use of the protrusio shell. Treatment of existing complications includes augmenting and bone grafting the defect. The surgical technique is demanding but not complex. The protrusio shell is designed to conform to the anatomy of the acetabulum and permits independent positioning of the acetabular component in its optimum attitude. Major bony defects in the medial wall should be occluded by the autografts or allografts in conjunction with the use of the protrusio shell.
Time-resolved optical imaging provides a molecular snapshot of altered metabolic function in living human cancer cell models (2006)

A fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) method was developed and applied to investigate metabolic function in living human normal esophageal (HET-1) and Barrett's adenocarcinoma (SEG-1) cells. In FLIM, image contrast is based on fluorophore excited state lifetimes, which reflect local biochemistry and molecular activity. Unique FLIM system attributes, including variable ultrafast time gating (>/= 200 ps), wide spectral tunability (337.1 - 960 nm), large temporal dynamic range (>/= 600 ps), and short data acquisition and processing times (15 s), enabled the study of two key molecules consumed at the termini of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway, NADH and oxygen, in living cells under controlled and calibrated environmental conditions. NADH is an endogenous cellular fluorophore detectable in living human tissues that has been shown to be a quantitative biomarker of dysplasia in the esophagus. Lifetime calibration of an oxygen-sensitive, ruthenium-based cellular stain enabled in vivo oxygen level measurements with a resolution of 8 muM over the entire physiological range (1 - 300 muM). Starkly higher intracellular oxygen and NADH levels in living SEG-1 vs. HET-1 cells were detected by FLIM and attributed to altered metabolic pathways in malignant cells.
Prevalence of <i>THAP1</i> sequence variants in German patients with primary dystonia (2010)

Primary dystonias are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of movement disorders, but only for two of them, i.e., dystonia 1 and dystonia 6, the disease causing gene has been identified. Dystonia 1 is characterized by an early onset and is caused by a mutation in the TOR1A gene. Only recently, mutations in THAP1 have been shown to be the cause of DYT6 dystonia. We analyzed 610 patients with various forms of dystonia for sequence variants in the THAP1 gene by means of high resolution melting to delineate the prevalence of sequence variants and phenotypic variability. We identified seven sequence variants in patients and one sequence variant in a control. The sequence variants were not detected in 537 healthy controls. Four patients present with generalized dystonia with speech involvement of early onset, another three patients suffered exclusively from cervical dystonia of adult onset. These findings suggest that THAP1 sequence variations seem to be associated with different ages of onset and distribution of symptoms. Consequently, the phenotypic spectrum might be broader than previously assumed.
Bismuth-filled anisotropically conductive adhesive for flip chip bonding (2002)

In this communication a new bismuth (Bi)-filled anisotropically conductive adhesive (ACA), which can be used to bond pure tin (Sn) or any Sn-based contact areas, is presented. In this study the adhesive was used to join tin-lead (SnPb) -bumped test chips to SnPb-coated contact pads on FR4-substrate. Due to the metallurgical characteristics of the SnPbBi system, the process temperature and bonding pressure remain low. With the help of pure Bi particles, the SnPb bumps are fused with the SnPb-coated contact pads above 92/spl deg/C forming small local solder joints, while the adhesive acts as an underfill. The microscopic solder interconnections retain their electrically continuity even though the adhesive matrix relaxes in service. Good quality metallurgical interconnections were produced by the bonding procedure with relatively low bonding temperature (160/spl deg/C) and pressure (24.5 g/bump). No intermetallics are formed in this bonding system. The Bi-filled ACA exhibits good reliability under high temperature and high humidity conditions (85/spl deg/C/85%RH). Thermal shock test (-40/spl deg/C/+125/spl deg/C, total cycle time 1 hour) showed that good reliability can be achieved even though the bonding process is not yet optimized. The failure of the joints is due to the formation of small liquid phases in the Bi-rich (over 10 at-%) areas in the solid lentils at the upper thermal shock temperature. This can be avoided by using higher bonding temperature. The discrepancy of reliability results is explained by the fact that the temperature of bonding has not been exactly the same for all the samples bonded.
Monoclonal antibodies to endotoxin in the management of sepsis. (1993)

New monoclonal antibodies directed against the lipid A moiety of the endotoxin present in gram-negative bacteria have been developed to improve the clinical outcome in patients with sepsis. Two studies of monoclonal antibodies HA-1A and E5 retrospectively identified specific patient subgroups showing benefit with therapy. I analyze and summarize the new sepsis nomenclature, the structure of endotoxin, the data implicating endotoxin as a causative agent in septic patients' morbidity and mortality, and specific data from the 2 clinical studies of monoclonal antibody therapy.
Stimulation of phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate and purine nucleotide production by pyrroline 5-carboxylate in human erythrocytes. (1988)

Recent studies have shown that pyrroline 5-carboxylate, the intermediate in the interconversions of proline, ornithine, and glutamate, can regulate the metabolism of erythrocytes. We now report that the formation of 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PP-Rib-P) was markedly stimulated by pyrroline 5-carboxylate in intact red cells. The production of PP-Rib-P is an important point of regulation in nucleotide metabolism. We found that pyrroline 5-carboxylate increased glucose metabolism through the oxidative arm of the pentose shunt, ribose 5-phosphate formation, and PP-Rib-P production and subsequently augmented purine nucleotide production through the salvage pathway in erythrocytes. We now report that pyrroline 5-carboxylate markedly stimulated the net synthesis of inosine monophosphate from hypoxanthine in intact human red cells so that the pool of inosine monophosphate became 20-30% of the total pool of purine nucleotides. Inosine monophosphate has been considered to be a "mobile pool" of purines, i.e. a reservoir from which peripheral tissues can be supplied; the effect of pyrroline 5-carboxylate on the inosine monophosphate pool may be a mechanism for regulating the function of erythrocytes in purine delivery.
Neural network workflow scheduling for large scale Utility Management Systems (2010)

Grid computing is the future computing paradigm for enterprise applications. It can be used for executing large scale workflow applications. This paper focuses on the workflow scheduling mechanism. Although there is much work on static scheduling approaches for workflow applications in parallel environments, little work has been done on a Grid environment for industrial systems. Utility Management Systems (UMS) are executing very large numbers of workflows with very high resource requirements. Unlike the grid approach for standard scientific workflows, UMS workflows have a different set of requirements and thereby optimization of resource usage has to be made in a different way. This paper proposes a novel scheduling architecture which dynamically executes a scheduling algorithm using near real-time feedback from the execution monitor. An Artificial Neural Network was used for workflow scheduling and performance tests show that significant improvement of overall execution time can be achieved by this soft-computing method.
Image-Based Pointing and Tracking for Inertially Stabilized Airborne Camera Platform (2011)

This paper describes a novel image-based pointing-tracking feedback control scheme for an inertially stabilized double-gimbal airborne camera platform combined with a computer vision system. The key idea is to enhance the intuitive decoupled controller structure with measurements of the camera inertial angular rate around its optical axis. The resulting controller can also compensate for the apparent translation between the camera and the observed object, but then the velocity of this mutual translation must be measured or estimated. Even though the proposed controller is more robust against longer sampling periods of the computer-vision system then the decoupled controller, a sketch of a simple compensation of this delay is also given. Numerical simulations are accompanied by laboratory experiments with a real benchmark system.
Hybrid Excitation Synchronous Motor control with a new flux weakening strategy (2010)

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have been developed for numerous applications due to their attractive features especially after the development of rare earth permanent magnet materials as NdFeB or SmCo. However, the magnets on the rotor accentuate the thermal constraints and limit the high speed operation. To eliminate these drawbacks, a new Switching Flux Synchronous Motor with Hybrid Excitation (SFSMHE) is developed. With the hybrid excitation (coil and magnet), we have an extra degree of flexibility and hence an improved torque-speed characteristics to meet HEV operating constraints. This paper deals with a new method of a torque control and flux weakening of SFSMHE, for electric/hybrid vehicles traction drive conditions. The principles, control structures, simulation and experimental results are given.
Space vector based analysis of the variation and control of the neutral point potential of hysteresis current controlled three-phase/switch/level PWM rectifier systems (2002)

This paper treats the control of the the capacitive output voltage center point of a unidirectional three-phase three-level PWM rectifier system. It is shown that, for hysteresis control of the input phase currents and resistive fundamental mains behavior, the center point potential can be controlled by an offset of the phase current reference values. Based on the results of a digital simulation, the transfer function is determined which describes the dynamic behavior of the system part to be controlled. Furthermore, the dimensioning of the center point voltage control is discussed. There, the considerations are related to an application of the PWM rectifier system for supplying the DC link of an uninterruptible power supply (8 kW rated power). Finally, the control behavior for stationary operation and for a step change of the load of the output voltage center point is examined for verifying the controller dimensioning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulmonary Embolism (2000)

Pulmonary EmbolismWhat's Wrong with This Diagnosis?Tony P. Smith1Audio Available | Share
Bearing Witness and Writing History in the Struggle Against Capital Punishment (1996)

The struggle against capital punishment goes on every day in courtrooms across the United States. On the front lines are criminal defense lawyers who try to prevent the initial imposition of death sentences by judges and juries. When that effort fails, the struggle is carried on by a small cadre of lawyers who specialize in providing legal representation in appellate and postconviction proceedings for persons on death row. For much of the criminal defense bar, the legal work of opposing capital punishment is neither ideological nor political. For most specialized appellate death penalty lawyers, however, their legal work is part of an ideologically motivated campaign against capital punishment. They carry on that campaign by representing individual clients; sometimes they use an individual case to bring a broader challenge to some aspect of the capital sentencing system, or even to attack the constitutionality of the death penalty itself. More often, however, they studiously avoid such frontal assaults in the hope of saving one life at a time.
Effect of ovarian steroid deficiency on oestrogen receptor ? expression in bone (1999)

The mechanism by which oestrogen and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) maintain bone mass in women is still unclear. It has previously been shown that cells of osteoblast lineage in vivo, particularly osteocytes, express oestrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Nevertheless, it is still debatable whether oestrogen and the ovarian steroids have a direct affect on osteocytes. If they could regulate osteocyte ERalpha expression, this would be strong evidence for the involvement of these cells in the hormonal regulation of bone mass. This study therefore aimed to compare bone biopsies from women who were replete with ovarian steroids (pre-ovariectomy or post-HRT) with those from the same women when hormone-deficient (post-ovariectomy or pre-HRT) for cellular localization of ERalpha protein or mRNA expression by indirect immunofluorescence, or by in situ hybridization combined with reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (IS-RT-PCR) respectively. Image analysis showed that proportions of osteocytes positive for immunodetectable ERalpha were higher in hormone-replete than in hormone-deficient women (25+/-SEM 3 per cent, 12+/-SEM 4 per cent, respectively; n=5), with similar but non-statistically significant changes in osteoblasts. This was observed even when HRT was commenced 18 years after menopause. In contrast, grain volume/unit cell area of osteoblast mRNA signal was markedly higher when hormone-deficient (0.055+/-0.01) than when hormone-replete (0.016+/-0.004), with similar but non-significant differences in osteocytes. This preliminary study indicates up-regulation of osteocyte ERalpha protein by ovarian steroids in these patients, which is accompanied by decreased osteoblast ERalpha mRNA expression, providing further evidence for the involvement of osteocytes in the regulation of skeletal structure by ovarian steroids.
Oxygen gradients correlate with cell density and cell viability in engineered cardiac tissue (2005)

For clinical utility, cardiac grafts should be thick and compact, and contain physiologic density of metabolically active, differentiated cells. This involves the need to control the levels of nutrients, and most critically oxygen, throughout the construct volume. Most culture systems involve diffusional transport within the constructs, a situation associated with gradients of oxygen concentration, cell density, cell viability, and function. The goal of our study was to measure diffusional gradients of oxygen in statically cultured cardiac constructs, and to correlate oxygen gradients to the spatial distributions of cell number and cell viability. Using microelectrodes, we measured oxygen distribution in a disc-shaped constructs (3.6 mm diameter, 1.8 mm thickness) based on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes cultured on collagen scaffolds for 16 days in static dishes. To rationalize experimental data, a mathematical model of oxygen distribution was derived as a function of cell density, viability, and spatial position within the construct. Oxygen concentration and cell viability decreased linearly and the live cell density decreased exponentially with the distance from the construct surface. Physiological density of live cells was present only within the first 128 microm of the construct thickness. Medium flow significantly increased oxygen concentration within the construct, correlating with the improved tissue properties observed for constructs cultured in convectively mixed bioreactors.
The Effect of Salicylic Acid on Resistance in Wheat ( <i>Triticum aestivum</i> ) Seedling Roots Against the Take-All Fungus, <i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i> var <i>tritici</i> (1996)

The effect of salicylic acid (SA) applied as foliar dip, foliar wipe, root drench or pre-germination soak on the susceptibility of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings to Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) Arx & Olivier var. tritici Walker (take-all fungus, Ggt) was studied. It was hypothesised that an increase in SA concentration applied using these methods would increase the resistance in wheat seedling roots against Ggt. Leaves (by foliar wipe and foliar dip) and roots (by root drench) of 1-2-week-old wheat seedlings grown in Lancelin sand, were treated with 0, 0.1 or 1 mM SA, and treatments of 0, 0.1 or 0.5 mM SA were applied in a pre-germination soak method. Ggt infection reduced (P ?4 0.05) chlorophyll content and concentration and root length (P ?4 0.10). Experiments that were conducted suggested that the SA treatments failed to induce a resistance response because they did not stimulate phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and peroxidase activities in the wheat seedling roots. Therefore, SA applied using these methods was not effective in reducing the susceptibility of wheat seedlings to Ggt. The chemical or biological induction of resistance in plant roots and its applicability as a root disease control strategy requires further clarification.
Ultrastructural Organization of Skin: Classification on the Basis of Mechanical Role (1987)

In our previous developmental study on skin we reported that correlations existed between the collagen fibril diameter distribution, glycosaminoglycan content and composition, and mechanical role. In this work we present new but related electron microscope data on the ultrastructure of skins from flounder, marlin, cod, frog, toad, caiman, viper, pigeon, whale and opossum. It is shown that mammalian and avian body skins generally contain relatively sharp unimodal distributions of fibril diameter consistent with a "passive" mechanical role. In contrast most reptilian and fish skins have broad, right-skewed (or bimodal) distributions of fibril diameters compatible with the exotendinous attributes required of an "active" skin. A study of the changing form of the collagen fibril diameter distribution with depth in the dermis is also reported.
Dietary Cation-Anion Difference and the Health and Production of Pasture-Fed Dairy Cows 2. Nonlactating Periparturient Cows (2003)

Anecdotal observations of reduced hypocalcemia due to small reductions in the precalving dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) are widely reported in Australia and New Zealand. Diets offered to nonlactating, periparturient dairy cows in pasture-based dairy systems in southeastern Australia can vary in their cation-anion difference from 0 to +76 mEq/100 g. The effects of such a range in the DCAD on the health and production of cows, on a pasture-based diet, were examined in an indoor feeding experiment. Four groups of four cows were offered pasture-hay and freshly cut pasture, a periparturient diet typical of that associated with the grazing system in Australia and New Zealand. Varying levels of salt supplementation were used to alter the dietary cation-anion difference, which ranged from -12 to +69 mEq/100 g. Blood and urine pH and mineral concentrations and urine hydroxyproline were measured. The addition of anions to the diet, to produce a negative DCAD, resulted in a nonrespiratory systemic acidosis. With decreasing DCAD, the pH of blood and urine and the strong ion difference of urine decreased curvilinearly, blood bicarbonate decreased linearly and the urinary ratio of Ca to creatinine increased curvilinearly. Although systemic pH was not reduced at a DCAD of +16 mEq/100 g, urine Ca-to-creatinine ratio had begun to rise, probably indicating increased calcium absorption. The absorption and renal excretion of Mg increased with decreasing DCAD. No differences were observed in urine hydroxyproline concentrations and no significant differences in milk production were measured.
Parameter subset selection in damage location (1997)

Methods to locate damage in structures, using a finite element model and low frequency measured vibration data, have attracted considerable interest. A large number of parameters are required to ensure that the damage location and mechanism may be modelled by at least one set of parameter values. Generally the identified parameter values are not unique and extra information must be incorporated into the identification. The finite element model of a damaged structure is likely to be in error at only a small number of sites. This is equivalent to requiring that only a subset of parameters are in error, and leads to the methods of subset selection. The standard method uses the sensitivity matrix based on the initial finite element model to choose the parameter subset. Many residuals used for damage location are nonlinear functions of the parameters, and this paper examines the relationship between the subset selection and the iteration required for the parameter estimation. Also measurements are often taken periodically and it is necessary to trend the changes in the important parameters. This requires that the best parameter subset is chosen based on multiple data sets. Several strategies to deal with the required iteration and multiple data sets are outlined and the methods are tested on a simulated cantilever beam, both with and without systematic errors.