gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MCDA: An Efficient Multi-Channel MAC Protocol for 802.11 Wireless LAN with Directional Antenna (2005)

IEEE 802.11 provides a contention based MAC protocol for single channel wireless environment. Extending IEEE 802.11 to a multi-channel environment will not only exploit the bandwidth utilization but also reduce the degree of contentions. Involving directional antenna in designing multichannel MAC protocol additionally increases the spatial reuse, allowing more communications proceeding in parallel. This paper proposes an efficient 802.11 multi-channel MAC protocol with directional antenna (MCDA). Since each station is only equipped with a single antenna, communicating pairs that progress their communications on data channels will unable to maintain the channel usage information which is only obtained from the control channel, raising the channel collision problem. The proposed protocol adopts mechanism of channel switch sequence (CSS) to resolve the channel collision problem and reduce the overhead in message exchange for switching channel. According to the state management, MCDA then controls directional antenna transmitting data on a selected channel to exploit the opportunities of spatial reuse and maintain the fairness among communicating pairs. Simulation results show that the proposed MCDA protocol can largely improve the bandwidth utilization and throughput while the fairness could be maintained.
Effect of single amino acid substitutions on the formation of the PlA and Bak alloantigenic epitopes (1991)

The subunits that comprise the platelet-specific integrin alpha IIb beta 3 are polymorphic in nature, with several allelic forms present in the human gene pool. Minor changes in the secondary and tertiary structures of platelet membrane glycoproteins (GP) IIb and IIIa encoded by these alleles can result in an alloimmune reaction after transfusion or during pregnancy. To better understand the molecular structure of the PlA alloantigen system, located on GPIIIa, and the Bak alloantigen on GPIIb, we used a heterologous mammalian expression system to express these integrin subunits in their known polymorphic forms. An expression vector containing the PlA1 form of a GPIIIa cDNA, which encodes a leucine at amino acid 33 (Leu33), was modified to express the PlA2-associated form encoding a proline at amino acid 33 (Pro33). Similarly, a Baka GPIIb cDNA expressing an isoleucine at amino acid 843 (IIe843) was modified to express the Bakb form containing a serine at the same position (Ser843). Transfection of these vectors into COS cells resulted in the synthesis of GPIIb and GPIIIa molecules that were identical in size to those present in platelet lysates. Immunoprecipitation of the GPIIIa-transfected COS lysates with PlA)-specific alloantisera indicated that the Leu33 form was recognized only by anti-PIA1 sera while the Pro33 form was bound only by anti-PlA2 sera, showing that single amino acid polymorphisms are necessary and sufficient to direct the formation of the PlA1 and PlA2 alloepitopes. Similar experiments with Bak allele-specific expression vectors indicated that while the amino acid polymorphism (IIe843 in equilibrium Ser843) was necessary, posttranslational processing of pro-IIb was required for efficient exposure of both the Baka and Bakb alloepitopes.
Prospects of AIDS therapy by thymic humoral factor, a thymic hormone. (1990)

Research performed in our laboratory has established that thymic humoral factor (THF), a peptide hormone isolated from calf thymus, leads to clonal expansion, differentiation and maturation of T-cell lymphocytes. THF augments the response to T-cell lectins, mixed lymphocyte reactions, graft-versus-host reactivity, antibody response to SRBC, cytotoxic responses and production of interleukin-2. Clinical data based on the use of THF of natural sources in about 200 patients indicate that it regulates differentiation of T-cell precursors, leading to normalization of the ratio between helper and suppressor/cytotoxic subsets. THF reconstitutes the defective cell-mediated immunity in patients affected by various types of neoplasms and suffering from secondary immune deficiencies, as a result of chemo and/or radiotherapy. THF-gamma 2 was purified and synthesized and found to be an octapeptide which retains all the biological activity of the thymus extracts. It is presently available for extensive clinical use.
Sesamolinol, a novel antioxidant isolated from sesame seeds. (1985)

Recently, much attention has been focused on natural antioxidants, not only for application as safe
XXXIV. <i>On the transmission of light through an atmosphere containing small particles in suspension, and on the origin of the blue of the sky</i> (1899)

(1899). XXXIV. On the transmission of light through an atmosphere containing small particles in suspension, and on the origin of the blue of the sky. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 47, No. 287, pp. 375-384.
MODNet: Moving Object Detection Network with Motion and Appearance for Autonomous Driving (2017)

We propose a novel multi-task learning system that combines appearance and motion cues for a better semantic reasoning of the environment. A unified architecture for joint vehicle detection and motion segmentation is introduced. In this architecture, a two-stream encoder is shared among both tasks. In order to evaluate our method in autonomous driving setting, KITTI annotated sequences with detection and odometry ground truth are used to automatically generate static/dynamic annotations on the vehicles. This dataset is called KITTI Moving Object Detection dataset (KITTI MOD). The dataset will be made publicly available to act as a benchmark for the motion detection task. Our experiments show that the proposed method outperforms state of the art methods that utilize motion cue only with 21.5% in mAP on KITTI MOD. Our method performs on par with the state of the art unsupervised methods on DAVIS benchmark for generic object segmentation. One of our interesting conclusions is that joint training of motion segmentation and vehicle detection benefits motion segmentation. Motion segmentation has relatively fewer data, unlike the detection task. However, the shared fusion encoder benefits from joint training to learn a generalized representation. The proposed method runs in 120 ms per frame, which beats the state of the art motion detection/segmentation in computational efficiency.
Poly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(2,6-diphenyl-1,4-phenylene oxide)Allan S. HayCite this: Macromolecules 1969, 2, 1, 107–108Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60007a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60007a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views526Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel PCA-Based Network Anomaly Detection (2011)

The increasing number of network attacks causes growing problems for network operators and users. Thus, detecting anomalous traffic is of primary interest in IP networks management. In this paper we address the problem considering a method based on PCA for detecting network anomalies. In more detail, we present a new technique that extends the state of the art in PCA based anomaly detection. Indeed, by means of the Kullback-Leibler divergence we are able to obtain great improvements with respect to the performance of the "classical" approach. Moreover we also introduce a method for identifying the flows responsible for an anomaly detected at the aggregated level. The performance analysis, presented in this paper, demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.
In Vitro Selection of Nonnatural Ribozyme-Catalyzing Porphyrin Metalation (2001)

A new macromolecular catalyst, which is composed of nonnatural ribonucleotide, was synthesized by the in vitro selection (SELEX) method. A pool of RNAs consisting of random sequences was obtained by transcription from a pool of synthetic random-sequence DNAs in the presence of 2'-aminocytidine triphosphate (2'-amino-CTP) instead of CTP. The pool was incubated with N-methylmesoporphyrin-immobilized gel; bound nonnatural RNAs were then collected and amplified by reverse-transcription following the polymerase chain reaction. The amplified DNAs were again transcribed in the presence of 2'-amino-CTP and applied to the gel. This selection process was repeated 10 times. The selected RNAs were cloned and sequenced. The RNAs not only bound to the ligand, N-methylmesoporphyrin but also catalyzed the metalation reaction of porphyrin.
Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF-1?) mutations in maturity-onset diabetes of the young (2000)

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a monogenic form of diabetes mellitus characterized by autosomal dominant inheritance, early age of onset (<25 years) and pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction. MODY is genetically heterogeneous with five different genes identified to date: hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 alpha (HNF-4 alpha) [MODY1]; glucokinase [MODY2]; hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF-1 alpha) [MODY3]; insulin promoter factor-1 (IPF-1) [MODY4]; and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta (HNF-1 beta) [MODY5]. Mutations in the HNF-1 alpha gene represent a common cause of MODY in the majority of populations studied. Sixty-five different mutations have been described in a total of 116 families. The most common mutation is a C-insertion (P291fsinsC) in the polyC tract of exon 4, which has been reported in 22 families. The identification of an HNF-1 alpha gene mutation in a patient with type 2 diabetes confirms the diagnosis of MODY and has important implications for clinical management.
Anterior and posterior capsular shift for multidirectional instability (1989)

In multidirectional instability, glenohumeral subluxation or dislocation can occur in three different directions: anteriorly, posteriorly, or inferiorly. The primary abnormality is a loose, redundant inferior capsule. Standard repairs for glenohumeral instability have not been successful in correcting this problem, since these procedures do not correct the primary abnormality, the redundant inferior pouch. The inferior capsular shift procedure corrects inferior capsular and ligamentous redundancy. It is usually performed through one surgical approach either anteriorly or posteriorly, depending on the direction of greatest instability.
Second generation parametric processing devices in high confinement fibers (2008)

We review recent developments in optical processing with high-confinement fibers. The use of new methods for measurement of dispersion fluctuations has allowed accurate phase matching over long interaction distances for the first time. The new capability was used to engineer wideband devices and demonstrate new capabilities in amplification, frequency conversion, sampling and delay management. The prospects of parametric processing technology are outlined.
A mitochondrial-targeted peptide ameliorated podocyte apoptosis through a HOCl-alb-enhanced and mitochondria-dependent signalling pathway in diabetic rats and <i>in vitro</i> (2019)

Mitochondria play important roles in the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The SS peptide is a tetrapeptide that is located and accumulated in the inner mitochondrial membrane; it reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) and prevents mitochondrial dysfunction. Podocytes are key cellular components in DKD progression. However, whether the SS peptide can exert renal protection through podocytes and the mechanism involved are unknown. In the present study, we explored the mechanisms of the SS peptide on podocyte injury in vivo and in vitro. Compared with the control group, the glomerular podocyte number and expression of WT1 were significantly reduced and TUNEL-positive podocytes were significantly increased in renal tissues in the diabetic rat. These effects were further exacerbated by hypochlorite-modified albumin (HOCl-alb) challenge but prevented by SS-31. In vitro, SS-31 blocked apoptosis in podocyte cell line induced by HOCl-alb. SS-31 prevented oxidative stress and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis signalling by HOCl-alb in vivo and in vitro, as evidenced by the release of cytochrome c (cyt c), binding of apoptosis activated factor-1 (Apaf-1) and caspase-9, and activation of caspases. These data suggest that SS-31 may prevent podocyte apoptosis, exerting renal protection in diabetes mellitus, probably through an apoptosis-related signalling pathway involving oxidative stress and culminating in mitochondria.
Remote sensing characteristics of the sediment- and volcanic-hosted precious metal systems: Imagery selection for exploration and development (1997)

Abstract The precious metal class of ore deposit is composed of several subtypes. Occurrences are dominated by systems of hydrothermal origin commonly classified by physical geologic features that relate conveniently to remote sensing. Variability between types of deposits is an important consideration in the selection, application, and interpretation of remote sensing data. This paper outlines and compares both the physical geologic features and the important remote sensing characteristics of the economically important sediment-hosted and volcanichosted types. The spectral and spatial resolution requirements of the significant deposit features - primary alteration, secondary alteration, host rocks, structure, zoning relationships, and vegetation - are reviewed. Exploration strategies and project scales, including reconnaissance, regional, district and deposit scales, influence spatial resolution requirements. Hyperspectral imagery and spatial resolutions of up to 3-4 m are required to satisfy some detection and mapping objectives at some precious metal projects.
AUTOMATIC FLUSH FEEDING PUMPS (1997)

Nutrition Support Dietitian Specialist Clinical Director Graduate Hospital Department of Surgery Nutrition Support Service Philadelphia, Pa.
A 28GHz, 7mW, 32dB Gain and 3.3dB NF, G<sub>m</sub>-Boosted CG-CS LNA for 5G RF Beamformers (2019)

A low power, high gain 28GHz mm-wave two stage cascaded CG-CS LNA in a 45nm bulk CMOS process is reported for low power 5G RF beamformers. High gain in the LNA is essential in RF beamformers to compensate the loss from passive phase shifters unlike a hybrid beamformer. To achieve high gain, low NF and low power consumption, the first stage utilizes the concept of passive gm boosting in a CG cascoded stage coupled with series peaking. A regular CS cascoded 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> stage boosts gain further. Post-layout EM simulations predict a gain of 32dB and a noise figure of 3.3dB at a power consumption of only 7mW. As a proof of concept, a traditional two stage cascoded CS LNA has also been implemented utilizing slow wave transmission lines to highlight a 3X increased power consumption with similar small signal gain and NF. An IC, package and PCB co-analysis methodology for such mmwave blocks is also introduced as it becomes essential to verify the chip in context of Package/PCB before tapeout.
A neurophysiological analysis of the effect of kainic acid on nerve fibres and terminals in the cat spinal cord. (1985)

Kainic acid was administered micro-electrophoretically in relatively small amounts (approx. 0.15 nmol) near gastrocnemius motoneurones in the spinal cord of cats anaesthetized with sodium pentobarbitone. After initial excitation, extracellularly recorded orthodromic and antidromic field potentials were reduced. Such neurophysiological evidence for motoneuronal damage or death persisted for 5 h, the longest period of observation. At the site of administration, the terminations of gastrocnemius group Ia afferent fibres were electrically inexcitable for approximately 1 h. Subsequently, the number and excitability of these terminations appeared to be normal, as were the depolarizing actions at bicuculline-sensitive receptors of micro-electrophoretic piperidine-4-sulphonic acid and of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) released at axoaxonic synapses on these terminations. Central myelinated and non-myelinated fibres and terminals of muscle group Ia afferent fibres, and the synaptic release of GABA on these terminals at axo-axonic synapses formed by certain spinal interneurones, thus appear to be relatively insensitive to kainic acid administered in amounts which damage or destroy motoneurones.
Novel coupled-line conductor-backed coplanar and microstrip directional couplers for PCB and LTCC applications (2003)

Novel coupled-line conductor-backed coplanar and microstrip directional couplers, convenient for manufacturing in standard printed circuit board (PCB) or low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology, are proposed. The coplanar coupler, consisting of a layered structure with four strips and covering a -10 to -2.6 dB coupling coefficient, is theoretically ideally impedance matched and perfectly isolated at all frequencies under the assumption of validity of quasi-static approximation and two-mode propagation. The microstrip coupler, a modification of the coplanar one, can be ideally compensated only in an area of strong coupling coefficients. The novel couplers are not sensitive to lateral misalignment of conductive layers, and not sensitive to thickness and dielectric permittivity tolerances of applied dielectric substrates. Preliminary experimental results for 2.7-, 3-, and 8.34-dB couplers, designed both in PCB, as well as LTCC technology are presented.
Caenorhabditis elegans mRNAs that encode a protein similar to ADARs derive from an operon containing six genes (1999)

The Caenorhabditis elegans T20H4.4 open reading frame (GenBank accession no. U00037) predicted by Genefinder encodes a 367 amino acid protein that is 32-35% identical to the C-terminal domain of adenosine deaminases that act on RNA. We show that T20H4.4 cDNAs (GenBank accession no. AF051275) encode a larger 495 amino acid protein that is extended at its N-terminus to include a single double-stranded RNA-binding motif, and that T20H4.4 occupies the second position in a six-gene operon (5'-T20H4.5, T20H4.4, R151.8A, R151.8B, R151.7, R151.6-3'). Ten different spliced-leader (SL) sequences were found attached to T20H4.4 mRNAs, including SL1, SL2 and eight SL2-like leaders that include two new variants. Characterization of cDNAs derived from all six genes confirmed the essential features of C.elegans operons: intercistronic distances in the range of 104-257 nt between the upstream polyadenylation sites and the downstream trans -splice sites; SL2, or SL2-like leaders, attached to the downstream mRNAs. Polycistronic mRNA fragments revealed a 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) >705 nt. The 5'-UTR is removed in mature mRNAs from the first gene (T20H4.5) and replaced primarily by SL1, and to a lesser extent by SL2. Our study provides new information regarding operons and how they are processed.
Hydrocarbon productivities in different Botryococcus strains: comparative methods in product quantification (2010)

Six different strains of the green microalgae Botryococcus belonging to the A-race or B-race, accumulating alkadiene or botryococcene hydrocarbons, respectively, were compared for biomass and hydrocarbon productivities. Biomass productivity was assessed gravimetrically upon strain growth in the laboratory under defined conditions. Hydrocarbon productivities were measured by three different and independent experimental approaches, including density equilibrium of the intact cells and micro-colonies, spectrophotometric analysis of hydrocarbon extracts, and gravimetric quantitation of eluted hydrocarbons. All three hydrocarbon-quantitation methods yielded similar results for each of the strains examined. The B-race microalgae Botryococcus braunii var. Showa and Kawaguchi-1 constitutively accumulated botryococcene hydrocarbons equivalent to 30% and 20%, respectively, of their overall biomass. The A-race microalgae Botryococcus braunii, varieties Yamanaka, UTEX 2441 and UTEX LB572 constitutively accumulated alkadiene hydrocarbons ranging from 14% to 13% and 10% of their overall biomass, respectively. Botryococcus sudeticus (UTEX 2629), a morphologically different green microalga, had the lowest hydrocarbon accumulation, equal to about 3% of its overall biomass. Results validate the density equilibrium and spectrophotometric analysis methods in the quantitation of botryococcene-type hydrocarbons. These analytical advances will serve in the screening and selection of B. braunii and of other microalgae in efforts to identify those having a high hydrocarbon content for use in commercial applications.
Adhesive bonding of ion-beam-textured metals and fluoropolymers (1979)

An electron bombardment argon ion source was used to ion etch various metals and fluoropolymers. The metal and fluoropolymers were exposed to 0.5–1.0-keV Ar ions at ion current densities of 0.2–1.5 mA/cm2 for various exposure times. The resulting surface texture is in the form of needles or spires whose vertical dimensions may range from tenths to hundreds of micrometers, depending on the selection of beam energy, ion current density, and etch time. The bonding of textured surfaces is accomplished by ion beam texturing mating pieces of either metals or fluoropolymers and applying a bonding agent which wets in and around the microscopic conelike structures. After bonding, both tensile and shear strength measurements were made on the samples. Also tested, for comparison’s sake, were untextured and chemically etched fluoropolymers. The results of these measurements are presented in this paper.
Macrophages in inflammatory multiple sclerosis lesions have an intermediate activation status (2013)

Our findings show that, although macrophages in active MS lesions predominantly display M1 characteristics, a major subset of macrophages have an intermediate activation status.
Face Recognition using Curvelet Transform and (2D)2PCA (2012)

This paper proposes a novel algorithm for face recognition, which is based on curvelet transform and (2D) 2 PCA. Contrast to traditional tools such as wavelet transform, curvelet transform has better directional and edge representation abilities. Inspired by these attractive attributes, we decompose face images to get low frequency coefficients by curvelet transform. (2D) 2 PCA with an exponential decay factor is applied on these selected coefficients to extract feature vectors, which will achieve dimension reduction as well. The nearest neighbor classifier is adopted for classification. Extensive comparison experiments on different data sets are carried out on ORL and Yale face database. Results prove that the proposed algorithm has high recognition accuracy and short recognition time, and it is also robust to changes in pose, expression and illumination.