gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micro-/Ultramicro Hardness Measurements with Insulating Films (1986)

Due to the definition of classical indentation hardness, the plastic behaviour of a material is investigated. But in the load-dependent range the influence of the elastic deformation also becomes noticeable. There is a remarkable difference between diagonal length and resulting hardness, in case of a pure dielectric and a dielectric with thin ductile metallic overcoat required for examination in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). According to the almost plastic behaviour of the overcoat, the diagonal length of the imprint produced by a diamond indenter under load, i.e. before elastic backformation, is "fixed". So it is necessary, in contradiction to investigations made with precoated dielectrics, to produce indents on the pure surface, for instance with Reichert-Jung Micro-Duromat 4000, and to measure them with a light microscope or, in the case of too small indents, with a SEM after coating with a thin conducting film.
Structure and Properties of a New Electride, Rb<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.2.2])e<sup>-</sup> (2000)

This is the sixth electride whose crystal structure has been determined and the fourth to show polymorphism. Crystals of the title electride prepared from mixed solvents have a structure similar to that of Li<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.1.1])e<sup>-</sup>. Electrons occupy cavities that are connected by "ladder-like" channels. The static and spin magnetic susceptibilities of polycrystalline samples that contain this polymorph (called phase α) show Heisenberg 1D antiferromagnetic behavior with -<i>J</i>/<i>k</i><sub>B</sub> = 30 K. Similar to other electrides with "localized" electrons, this electride is a poor conductor (σ < 10<sup>- 4</sup> ohm<sup>-1</sup>cm<sup>-1</sup>). Thin films prepared by high vacuum co-deposition of Rb metal and cryptand[2.2.2] have optical spectra and near-metallic electrical conductivity nearly identical with those of K<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.2.2])e<sup>-</sup>. These properties would not be expected if the film structure were the same as that obtained for crystals. Rather, they suggest that the films consist of microcrystals whose structure is similar to that of K<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.2.2])e<sup>-</sup>. Polycrystalline samples prepared by slow evaporation of methylamine from stoichiometric solutions at -78 °C (called phase β) have properties similar to those of K<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.2.2])e<sup>-</sup>. The conductivity of samples that contain phase β is more than an order of magnitude larger than those with phase α. Magnetic and spin susceptibilities show that phase β samples have much larger electron-electron interactions. As with K<sup>+</sup>(cryptand[2.2.2])e<sup>-</sup>, the magnetic susceptibility of phase β is compatible with alternating linear chain Heisenberg antiferromagnetism, with -<i>J</i>/<i>k</i><sub>B</sub> ≈ 300 K and -<i>J</i>'/<i>k</i><sub>B</sub> ≈ 240 K. Thin vapor co-deposited films show abrupt changes in the conductivity and optical spectrum at -12 °C that suggest a transition that may be conversion of phase β to phase α.
Critical role for macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in Ross River virus-induced arthritis and myositis (2011)

Arthrogenic alphaviruses, such as Ross River virus (RRV), chikungunya, Sindbis, mayaro and o'nyong-nyong viruses circulate endemically worldwide, frequently causing outbreaks of polyarthritis. The exact mechanisms of how alphaviruses induce polyarthritis remain ill defined, although macrophages are known to play a key role. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an important cytokine involved in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis. Here, we characterize the role of MIF in alphavirus-induced arthritides using a mouse model of RRV-induced arthritis, which has many characteristics of RRV disease in humans. RRV-infected WT mice developed severe disease associated with up-regulated MIF expression in serum and tissues, which corresponded to severe inflammation and tissue damage. MIF-deficient (MIF(-/-)) mice developed mild disease accompanied by a reduction in inflammatory infiltrates and muscle destruction in the tissues, despite having viral titers similar to WT mice. In addition, reconstitution of MIF into MIF(-/-) mice exacerbated RRV disease and treatment of mice with MIF antagonist ameliorated disease in WT mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that MIF plays a critical role in determining the clinical severity of alphavirus-induced musculoskeletal disease and may provide a target for the development of antiviral pharmaceuticals. The prospect being that early treatment with MIF-blocking pharmaceuticals may curtail the debilitating arthritis associated with alphaviral infections.
Determination of hexavalent chromium in some contaminated soils from Hudson county, New Jersey (1992)

Abstract The efficiency of extracting hexavalent chromium from a silica matrix with a 3% sodium carbonate‐1% sodium hydroxide solution was demonstrated using an “in‐house”; reference material, and this extraction procedure was successfully applied to the determination of hexavalent chromium in some contaminated soils from Hudson County, New Jersey.
Tobacco aquaporin NtAQP1 is involved in mesophyll conductance to CO<sub>2</sub><i>in vivo</i> (2006)

Leaf mesophyll conductance to CO(2) (g(m)) has been recognized to be finite and variable, rapidly adapting to environmental conditions. The physiological basis for fast changes in g(m) is poorly understood, but current reports suggest the involvement of protein-facilitated CO(2) diffusion across cell membranes. A good candidate for this could be the Nicotiana tabacum L. aquaporin NtAQP1, which was shown to increase membrane permeability to CO(2) in Xenopus oocytes. The objective of the present work was to evaluate its effect on the in vivo mesophyll conductance to CO(2), using plants either deficient in or overexpressing NtAQP1. Antisense plants deficient in NtAQP1 (AS) and NtAQP1 overexpressing tobacco plants (O) were compared with their respective wild-type (WT) genotypes (CAS and CO). Plants grown under optimum conditions showed different photosynthetic rates at saturating light, with a decrease of 13% in AS and an increase of 20% in O, compared with their respective controls. CO(2) response curves of photosynthesis also showed significant differences among genotypes. However, in vitro analysis demonstrated that these differences could not be attributed to alterations in Rubisco activity or ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate content. Analyses of chlorophyll fluorescence and on-line (13)C discrimination indicated that the observed differences in net photosynthesis (A(N)) among genotypes were due to different leaf mesophyll conductances to CO(2), which was estimated to be 30% lower in AS and 20% higher in O compared with their respective WT. These results provide evidence for the in vivo involvement of aquaporin NtAQP1 in mesophyll conductance to CO(2).
IoT Leak Detection System for Building Hydronic Pipes (2019)

Building's Air Conditioning systems require moving liquids for dweller comfort. Clogged pipes, system degradation can cause pressure buildups, leaks and other faults which leads to damage to the building. Most of the leaks in the commercial building occur due to poor maintenance and/or material degradation. Visual inspection is most predominantly used to solve this problem in the industry. This paper introduces the Internet of Things technology to detect leakage in building's hydronic pipes with the support of sensors, fault detection method and mechanical control. The system consists of: Microcontroller, Windows application and website application. Internet of Things technology was used to monitor and control the hydronics using microcontroller's capability of connecting to main server which is used to transmit the data to the cloud. The prototype was successfully built and tested. Promising results show that leaks above 2ml/s could be detected after 4 seconds specifically for the built small-scale system while control and monitor feature could be implemented with Internet of Things technology.
Concern for the patient’s experience comes of age (2014)

In this special guest editorial for the inaugural issue of Patient Experience Journal. Dr. Press reflects on how the focus on patient experience has evolved. He starts with a reflection, "A journal devoted exclusively to the patient’s experience? A patient satisfaction survey mandated by CMS for all hospitals and a portion of reimbursement dependent upon the scores? An Institute and an “Association” addressing Patient Experience? A new hospital administrative position labeled “Chief Experience Officer”? Some 30 years ago no one would have predicted any of these." Dr. Press helps us explore and review how the patient experience movement has evolved and the implications of both our history and current state on how we address patient and family needs moving forward. He aptly offers in closing, "Concern for the patient’s experience is coming of age."
A New Characterization and Calibration Method for 3-dB-Coupled On-Wafer Measurements (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) can be used for measuring the differential-mode (or common-mode) <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${ S}$</tex> </formula>-parameters of an integrated circuit by combining on-wafer probes with 3-dB-coupling baluns (or power splitters). In such a measurement setup, the error networks from each port of the VNA to the device-under-test are three-port rather than the conventional two-port. This paper proposes a new set of an impedance standards and algorithm that can efficiently extract the full nine mixed-mode <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${ S}$</tex></formula>-parameters of the three-port error network. For differential-mode measurements, the four differential-mode <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${ S}$</tex></formula>-parameters are used for the calibration and the remaining five common- and cross-mode <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${ S}$</tex></formula>-parameters are used for evaluating their associated measurement errors. By a minor variation, the proposed method can be used for characterizing the full nine mixed-mode <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${ S}$</tex></formula>-parameters of the 3-dB-coupler embedded probe itself, providing a valuable tool in its development stage. The proposed method uses a pseudoinverse of an overdetermined matrix, by which it becomes tolerant to errors that occur when measuring the impedance standards. </para>
Evaluation of three herbicide resistance genes for use in genetic transformations and for potential crop protection in algae production (2014)

Genes conferring resistance to the herbicides glyphosate, oxyfluorfen and norflurazon were developed and tested for use as dominant selectable markers in genetic transformation of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and as potential tools for the protection of commercial-scale algal production facilities against contamination by organisms sensitive to these broad-spectrum herbicides. A synthetic glyphosate acetyltransferase (GAT) gene, when fitted with a strong Chlamydomonas promoter, conferred a 2.7×-fold increase in tolerance to the EPSPS inhibitor, glyphosate, in transgenic cells compared with progenitor WT cells. A mutant Chlamydomonas protoporphyrinogen oxidase (protox, PPO) gene previously shown to produce an enzyme insensitive to PPO-inhibiting herbicides, when genetically engineered, generated transgenic cells able to tolerate up to 136× higher levels of the PPO inhibitor, oxyfluorfen, than nontransformed cells. Genetic modification of the Chlamydomonas phytoene desaturase (PDS) gene-based gene sequences found in various norflurazon-resistant organisms allowed production of transgenic cells tolerant to 40× higher levels of norflurazon than nontransgenic cells. The high efficiency of all three herbicide resistance genes in producing transgenic cells demonstrated their suitability as dominant selectable markers for genetic transformation of Chlamydomonas and, potentially, other eukaryotic algae. However, the requirement for high concentrations of glyphosate and its associated negative effects on cell growth rates preclude its consideration for use in large-scale production facilities. In contrast, only low doses of norflurazon and oxyfluorfen (~1.5 μm and ~0.1 μm, respectively) are required for inhibition of cell growth, suggesting that these two herbicides may prove effective in large-scale algal production facilities in suppressing growth of organisms sensitive to these herbicides.
Assessment of the Activity of a Novel Light-Activated Antimicrobial Coating in a Clinical Environment (2008)

Cellulose acetate coatings containing the light-activated antimicrobial agents toluidine blue O and rose bengal have previously been shown to be successful in killing a range of microorganisms. Here, we report on the ability of these coatings to achieve reductions in the microbial load on surfaces in a clinical environment.
A Study on Constant Power Control of Half Bridge Inverter for Microwave Oven (2004)

For the global microwave market, high RF power or deluxe model is applying for Inverter gradually. In this study, 120V /I200W high power Inverter was proposed and verified by an optimized design of PFM-type Especially the steady power output control was fulfilling at+/10% input voltage variation.
Modulation of HSP27 alters hypoxia‐induced endothelial permeability and related signaling pathways (2009)

This manuscript describes how the permeability of pulmonary artery microvascular endothelial cell (RPMEC) monolayer is elevated by hypoxia and the role played by HSP27 phosphorylation. p38 MAP kinase activation leading to HSP27 phosphorylation was previously shown by our laboratory to alter the actin cytoskeleton and tethering properties of RPMEC. This effect was independent of hypoxia-induced contractility which was ROCK-dependent rather than HSP27-dependent. Results described here show that increased HSP27 phosphorylation not only does not underlie hypoxia-induced permeability, but may actually augment the endothelial barrier. Hypoxia causes gap formation between RPMEC and increases MLC2 phosphorylation. The phosphorylation of MYPT1, which inhibits MLC2 phosphatase, is also increased in hypoxia. In addition, FAK phosphorylation, which alters focal adhesion signaling, is increased in hypoxia. Overexpressing phosphomimicking HSP27 (pmHSP27), which induces significant actin stress fiber formation, surprisingly renders RPMEC resistant to hypoxia- or TGFbeta-induced permeability. siRNA against pmHSP27 reverses the increased actin stress fiber formation in pmHSP27-overexpressing cells, and disrupting actin stress fibers in pmHSP27-overexpressing RPMEC renders them more susceptible to hypoxia. Finally, hypoxia-induced gap formation, as well as phosphorylation of MLC2, MYPT1 and FAK are almost abolished by overexpressing pmHSP27 in RPMEC. These effects of pmHSP27 overexpression might represent decreased cytoskeletal plasticity and increased tethering which counteracts permeability-inducing contractility. Thus hypoxia activates two pathways one leading to contractility and increased permeability, the other leading to actin stress fibers, stronger adhesion, and reduced permeability. Altering HSP27 phosphorylation, which tips the balance towards decreased permeability, might be targeted in managing endothelial barrier dysfunction.
Adenosine N1-oxide inhibits vaccinia virus replication by blocking translation of viral early mRNAs (1995)

Adenosine N1-oxide (ANO) is a potent and highly selective inhibitor of vaccinia virus replication. We examined the impact of ANO on vaccinia virus macromolecular synthesis during synchronous infection of BSC40 cells. Viral DNA replication and viral late protein synthesis were blocked completely by ANO, effects that were attributable to a defect in the expression of viral early genes. Vaccinia virus early proteins were not synthesized in the presence of ANO, even though vaccinia virus early mRNAs were produced. Cellular protein synthesis was unaffected by ANO, and virus infection in the presence of the drug did not elicit the normal shutoff of host protein synthesis. Adenosine N1-oxide triphosphate (ANO-TP), the predominant metabolite of the drug in vivo, could substitute for ATP in RNA synthesis by purified vaccinia virus RNA polymerase. ANO-TP could support early transcription by purified virions if dATP was provided as an energy source. ANO-TP did not inhibit early transcription in the presence of ATP. These findings suggest a novel antiviral mechanism whereby incorporation of a modified nucleotide into viral mRNAs might selectively block viral gene expression at the level of translation. We believe that ANO merits consideration as an antipoxvirus drug for topical treatment of molluscum contagiosum in humans.
Comprehensive proteomic analysis of bovine spermatozoa of varying fertility rates and identification of biomarkers associated with fertility (2008)

This is the first comprehensive description of the bovine spermatozoa proteome. Comparative proteomic analysis of high fertility and low fertility bulls, in the context of protein interaction networks identified putative molecular markers associated with high fertility phenotype.
Morphology and Miscibility of Blends of Ethylene−Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Studied by ToF SIMS Imaging (1998)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging capability was used to study the morphology and miscibility of the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) blends. A semicrystalline region containing mostly ETFE, an amorphous region containing mostly PMMA and an amorphous region containing significant levels of ETFE and PMMA were detected. These results were in total agreement with the differential scanning calorimetric measurements.
Isolation and Characterization of Potentially Pathogenic Antimicrobial-Resistant <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains from Chicken and Pig Farms in Spain (2010)

To ascertain whether on animal farms there reside extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and plasmidic class C beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates potentially pathogenic for humans, phylogenetic analyses, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) typing, serotyping, and virulence genotyping were performed for 86 isolates from poultry (57 isolates) and pig (29 isolates) farms. E. coli isolates from poultry farms carried genes encoding enzymes of the CTX-M-9 group as well as CMY-2, whereas those from pig farms mainly carried genes encoding CTX-M-1 enzymes. Poultry and pig isolates differed significantly in their phylogenetic group assignments, with phylogroup A predominating in pig isolates and phylogroup D predominating in avian isolates. Among the 86 farm isolates, 23 (26.7%) carried two or more virulence genes typical of extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Of these, 20 were isolated from poultry farms and only 3 from pig farms. Ten of the 23 isolates belonged to the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:H6, O2:HNM, O2:H7, O15:H1, and O25:H4. Despite the high diversity of serotypes and pulsotypes detected among the 86 farm isolates, 13 PFGE clusters were identified. Four of these clusters contained isolates with two or more virulence genes, and two clusters exhibited the classic human ExPEC serotypes O2:HNM (ST10) and O2:H6 (ST115). Although O2:HNM and O2:H6 isolates of human and animal origins differed with respect to their virulence genes and PFGE pulsotypes, the O2:HNM isolates from pigs showed the same sequence type (ST10) as those from humans. The single avian O15:H1 isolate was compared with human clinical isolates of this serotype. Although all were found to belong to phylogroup D and shared the same virulence gene profile, they differed in their sequence types (ST362-avian and ST393-human) and PFGE pulsotypes. Noteworthy was the detection, for the first time, in poultry farms of the clonal groups O25b:H4-ST131-B2, producing CTX-M-9, and O25a-ST648-D, producing CTX-M-32. The virulence genes and PFGE profiles of these two groups were very similar to those of clinical human isolates. While further studies are required to determine the true zoonotic potential of these clonal groups, our results emphasize the zoonotic risk posed especially by poultry farms, but also by pig farms, as reservoirs of ESBL- and CMY-2-encoding E. coli.
Computing the Singular-Value Decomposition on the ILLIAC IV (1980)

This paper presents the computation of the singular-value decomposition of a matrix on the ILLIAC IV computer. The architecture of the machme is described and it is explained why the standard Golub-Remsch algorithm is not apphcable to this problem. Then a one-sided orthogonalization method is presented. This method makes very efficmnt use of the parallel-computing abilities of the [LLIAC machine The method is shown to be Jacobi-hke and numerically stable. Finally, a comparison of the method on the ILLIAC IV computer with the Golub-Reinsch algorithm on a conventional machme demonstrates the great potentml of parallel computers m the important area of matrLx computations
Gene expression correlation and gene ontology-based similarity: an assessment of quantitative relationships (2005)

The Gene Ontology and annotations derived from the <i>S. cerivisiae</i> Genome Database were analyzed to calculate functional similarity of gene products. Three methods for measuring similarity (including a distance-based approach) were implemented. Significant, quantitative relationships between similarity and expression correlation of pairs of genes were detected. Using a known gene expression dataset in yeast, this study compared more than three million pairs of gene products on the basis of these functional properties. Highly correlated genes exhibit strong similarity based on information originating from the gene ontology taxonomies. Such a similarity is significantly stronger than that observed between weakly correlated genes. This study supports the feasibility of applying gene ontology-driven similarity methods to functional prediction tasks, such as the validation of gene expression analyses and the identification of false positives in protein interaction studies.
Real-Time Digital K-Edge Subtraction Fluoroscopy (1979)

We report in vitro and in vivo trials of K-edge fluoroscopy, by which iodine contrast concentration is displayed live, with tissue and bone images suppressed, free of patient-motion artifacts. Iodine and cerium, 125 and 225 mg/cm2 respectively, filter alternate TV fields of cine-pulsed 50 KVP x-rays. Weighted subtraction of successive TV fields isolates the iodine image and simultaneously minimizes artifacts. Digital techniques are used in real time. At our present x-ray tube limit, 500 mA instantaneous current, the patient exposure is 180 mR/sec and quantum mottle limits the image quality. Integrating four successive difference images provides a compromise between mottle and smoothly moving displays. Cardiovascular images of a 17-kg dog, using 1 ml/kg Renografin-60 injected into a foreleg vein, show that a 15-cm chest thickness is our present practical maximum. This method may be useful in diagnosing cardiovascular anomalies in infants without catheterization or suspension of breathing.