gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of Residual Compression in Design to Improve Damage Tolerance in Ti-6AI-4V Aero Engine Blade Dovetails (2005)

The deep stable layer of compressive residual stress produced by low plasticity burnishing (LPB) has been demonstrated to improve the damage tolerance in engine alloys IN718, Ti-6Al-4V, and 17-4PH. This paper describes the application of LPB to the dovetail bedding surface of a Ti-6Al- 4V fan blade to mitigate the adverse effects of fretting-induced microcracks. Blades removed from fielded engines were LPB processed to protect the dovetail region of the blade and specially designed feature specimens were used to simulate the dovetail region of the blades. Both feature specimens and actual dovetail sections were fatigue tested in cantilever bending mode at a stress ratio, R of 0.5 using specially designed test fixtures. Coalescing microcracks were simulated with electrical discharge machined (EDM) notches. Residual stress and cold work distributions were measured using x-ray diffraction mapping techniques. LPB produced compression in the dovetail region up to a depth of 0.065 in. The HCF performance with EDM notches up to 0.040 in. deep was tested. LPB processed specimens with 0.020 in. deep EDM notch showed an endurance limit of 100 ksi, greater than that of the baseline undamaged surface. LPB treated blades and feature specimens with 0.030 in. and 0.040 in. deep notches showed endurance limits of 60 and 45 ksi, respectively. LPB was shown to fully mitigate the fretting debit, whether applied before or after the fretting damage occurred. Linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis including the residual stress fields confirms the HCF performance in the presence of high residual compression. A novel approach for determining the residual stress field design to provide a desired fatigue life and microcrack tolerance is introduced.
Thermodynamic Properties of Helium 4 from 2 to 1500 K at Pressures to 108 Pa (1973)

Tabular values of density, internal energy, enthalpy, entropy, heat capacity, and speed of sound for liquid and gaseous helium are presented for temperatures from 2 to 1500 kelvin at pressures from 1.0 × 104 to 1.0 × 108 pascals. Diagrams of temperature vs entropy are also given. The properties presented are calculated from an equation of state which was fitted to experimental P—V—T and other thermodynamic data from the world's literature. The equation of state was fitted to these data in three separate regions of pressure and temperature. The regional equations are forced to join smoothly at the preconceived boundaries. Extensive comparisons between the equation of state and experimental data have been made, and deviation plots are presented. A particularly careful determination of the second virial coefficient over the full temperature range 2–1500 kelvin is presented. The Joule-Thomson inversion curve has been calculated and comparisons made with other sources. Equations for the density of the saturated liquid and vapor are included as well as an equation which represents the 1958 helium vapor pressure temperature scale.
<i>Ex vivo</i>– and <i>in vivo</i>–induced dead tumor cells as modulators of antitumor responses (2010)

Joint application of standard tumor therapies like radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy with immune therapy has long been considered not to fit. However, it has become accepted that immune responses may contribute to the elimination of cancer cells. We present how in vivo-induced tumor cell death by irradiation, chemotherapeutic agents, or hyperthermia can be rendered more immunogenic. High hydrostatic pressure is introduced as an innovative inactivation method for tumor cells used as vaccines. Annexin A5, being a natural occurring ligand for phosphatidylserine that is exposed by dying tumor cells, renders apoptotic tumor cells immunogenic and induces tumor regression. Combinations of irradiation with hyperthermia may also foster antitumor responses. For preparation of autologous tumor cell vaccines, high hydrostatic pressure is suitable to induce immunogenic cancer cell death. Future work will be aimed toward evaluating which combination and chronological sequence of radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hyperthermia, annexin A5, and/or autologous tumor cell vaccines will induce specific and long-lasting antitumor immunity.
Adherence of <i>Staphylococcus intermedius</i> to corneocytes of healthy and atopic dogs: effect of pyoderma, pruritus score, treatment and gender (2005)

Staphylococcal pyoderma occurs commonly in atopic dogs. Some studies have suggested that adherence of staphylococci to corneocytes of atopic dogs and humans is higher than to corneocytes of healthy individuals. This hypothesis and possible differences resulting from the presence or absence of pyoderma, the severity of pruritus or the effect of treatment or gender, were studied. Adherent bacteria (Staphylococcus intermedius) were quantified by computerized image analysis on corneocytes collected from healthy or atopic dogs using double-sided adhesive tape. The adherence of S. intermedius to the corneocytes of atopic dogs was significantly greater than to those of healthy dogs (P=0.005). Furthermore, adherence was significantly greater in dogs with high levels of pruritus compared to those with low scores. No significant differences were found between atopic dogs with no history of pyoderma, atopic dogs with a history of pyoderma and atopic dogs with pyoderma at the time of sampling (P=0.068), suggesting that factors other than adherence are necessary for clinical pyoderma to develop. Treatment did not generally influence the adherence of S. intermedius to corneocytes of atopic dogs and there was no gender difference in adherence in either healthy or atopic dogs.
Critical path identification and delay tests of dynamic circuits (2003)

Dynamic circuit families are commonly used to achieve high operating speeds in recent microprocessor designs. Because of their noise sensitivity, it is necessary to design dynamic circuits accurately to achieve performance goals and avoid problems with noise. Although individual cells can be analyzed effectively, timing verification of the entire design is not easy because of the increased complexity. In this paper, we develop a new approach to find critical paths and generate test vectors for delay test of large dynamic circuits, given information on the path delays of the unit cells. We introduce the concept of "path gates" to represent the discharge paths in a dynamic circuit, and have developed an extraction tool (PEAR) to construct the path gates. The critical path analyzer (CRITIC) is used to identify the critical paths and generate delay tests for the integrated units. The technique has been successfully applied to industry circuits.
What else can the immune system recognize? (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
2-Aryl-2,2-difluoroacetamide FKBP12 Ligands:  Synthesis and X-ray Structural Studies (2001)

[structure: see text] 2-Aryl-2,2-difluoroacetamido-proline and pipecolate esters are high affinity FKBP12 ligands whose rotamase inhibitory activity is comparable to that seen for the corresponding ketoamides. X-ray structural studies suggest that the fluorine atoms participate in discrete interactions with the Phe36 phenyl ring and the Tyr26 hydroxyl group, with the latter resembling a moderate-to-weak hydrogen bond.
Dose‐ and Age‐Dependent Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Hippocampal Metabotropic‐Glutamate Receptor‐Stimulated Phosphoinositide Hydrolysis (1993)

Prenatal ethanol exposure reduces the density of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist binding sites and decreases the capacity to elicit long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal formation of 45-day-old rat offspring. We hypothesized that prenatal ethanol exposure would reduce metabotropic-glutamate receptor (mGluR)-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis also. Sprague-Dawley rat dams were fed a liquid diet containing either 3.35% (v/v) ethanol or 5.0% ethanol throughout gestation. Control groups were pair-fed either isocalorically matched 0% ethanol liquid diets or lab chow ad libitum. (1S,3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (trans-ACPD) stimulated inositol-1-phosphate (IP1) accumulation via activation of the mGluR in offspring whose mothers consumed the 3.35% ethanol liquid diet was not different compared with the control groups. Furthermore, trans-ACPD stimulated IP1 accumulation in 10- to 13-day-old offspring of the 5.0% ethanol diet group was not different compared with the control groups. However, trans-ACPD stimulated IP1 accumulation was reduced significantly in 56- to 82-day-old offspring of dams fed the 5.0% ethanol liquid diet compared with the control groups. In contrast, bethanechol stimulated IP1 accumulation, mediated via activation of muscarinic cholinergic receptors, was not affected by maternal consumption of either ethanol liquid diet. These results suggest both dose- and age-dependent effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on hippocampal responsiveness to trans-ACPD-activated phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Furthermore, the ability of the 3.35% ethanol diet to alter hippocampal NMDA receptors without altering the mGluR response suggests a differential sensitivity to the effects of ethanol exposure in utero among hippocampal glutamate receptor subtypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Test Application for Rapid Multi-Temperature Testing (2015)

Different defects may manifest themselves at different temperatures. Therefore, the tests that target such temperature-dependent defects must be applied at different temperatures appropriate for detecting them. Such multi-temperature testing scheme applies tests at different required temperatures. It is known that a test's power dissipation depends on the previously applied test. Therefore, the same set of tests when organized differently dissipates different amounts of power. The technique proposed in this paper organizes the tests efficiently so that the resulted power levels lead to the required temperatures. Consequently a rapid multi-temperature testing is achieved. Experimental studies demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed technique.
Bioenergetic studies of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation using 31phosphorus NMR. (1985)

The relationship between phosphorylation ratio [( ATP])/[ADP][Pi], phosphocreatine (PCr)/Pi, and ATPase activity was determined for isolated rat heart mitochondria, and the use of phosphorylation ratio and/or PCr/Pi as bioenergetic indices (Chance, B., Eleff, S., Leigh, J. S., Sokolow, D., and Sapega, A. (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 6714-6718) was evaluated. Isolated rat heart mitochondria were suspended at low concentration (0.5-2.0 mg of protein/ ml) in oxygenated KCl/sucrose/4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid medium at 25 degrees C and pyruvate, malate, PCr, ATP, Pi, and Mg2+ were added. Changes in extramitochondrial phosphorus compounds were followed by 31P NMR. The ATPase activity was varied by the addition of potato apyrase. It was found that the logarithm of steady state PCr/Pi decreased linearly with increasing ATPase rate with a PCr/Pi intercept of 32.8 at 0 ATPase rate. The log phosphorylation ratio was also linearly related to the ATPase rate with an extrapolated maximum value of 6.87 at 0 ATPase rate, corresponding to a phosphorylation ratio of 7.41 X 10(6) M(-1) and a delta GATP of -16.3 kcal. The phosphorylation ratio in these experiments (for state 4 respiration) was greater by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude than previously reported for either isolated mitochondria or for whole tissue.
Papel del médico de familia en la interpretación de la serología relacionada con el embarazo (2006)

INTRODUCCION El Actual programa de la Especialidad de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, publicado en el Boletin Oficial del Estado del 3 de marzo del ano 2005, recoge dentro de los conocimientos y habilidades que debe adquirir un medico de familia en el area obstetrica, el conocer los contenidos de la atencion preconcepcional y el manejar las actividades que se realizan en un embarazo de bajo riesgo obstetrico. Estas actividades tienen prioridad I, es un conocimiento que debe tener todo medico de familia, y un nivel de responsabilidad primario, El medico de familia debe ser capaz de tratar este tipo de problemas sin apoyo de otro nivel asistencial.
Common-path phase-shifting lensless holographic microscopy (2010)

We present an approach capable of high-NA imaging in a lensless digital in-line holographic microscopy layout even outside the Gabor's regime. The method is based on spatial multiplexing at the sample plane, allowing a common-path interferometric architecture, where two interferometric beams are generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM) prior to illuminating the sample. The SLM allows phase-shifting interferometry by phase modulation of the SLM diffracted beam. After proper digital processing, the complex amplitude distribution of the diffracted object wavefront is recovered and numerically propagated to image the sample. Experimental results are reported that validate the proposed method.
<i>COMT</i>: A common susceptibility gene in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia (2004)

A variety of psychiatric illnesses, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, have been reported in patients with microdeletion on chromosome 22q11-a region which includes the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene. The variety of psychiatric manifestations in patients with the 22q11 microdeletion and the role of COMT in the degradation of catecholamine neurotransmitters may thus suggest a general involvement of the COMT gene in psychiatric diseases. We have previously reported on a significant association between a COMT haplotype and schizophrenia. In this study, we attempt to test for association between bipolar disorder and the polymorphisms implicated in schizophrenia. The association between COMT and bipolar disorder was tested by examining the allele and haplotype found to be associated with schizophrenia. A significant association between bipolar disorder and COMT polymorphisms was found. The estimated relative risk is greater in women, a result consistent with our previous findings in schizophrenia. We suggest that polymorphisms in the COMT gene may influence susceptibility to both diseases--and probably also a wider range of behavioral traits.
Comparison of two enteric‐coated acetylsalicylic acid preparations by monitoring steady‐state levels of salicylic acid and its metabolites in plasma and urine (1984)

In a randomized three-way crossover study, 12 healthy male volunteers were given multiple oral doses, i.e. 1.5 g b.i.d. for 7 days, of two different types of enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) preparations, one being a conventional enteric-coated tablet (ET) and the other enteric-coated granules (EG) in a capsule; conventional ASA tablets were used as a reference. Plasma levels and excretion of salicylic acid and some of its metabolites were investigated under steady-state conditions. Plasma salicylic acid (SA) and salicyluric acid (SUA) levels were determined using a liquid chromatographic method. Two separate analyses were done to quantitate the metabolites in urine. SA, SUA, and gentisic acid were each assayed by the method used for plasma. Total salicylate was also determined. There was no significant difference in urinary excretion of total salicylate between the three formulations. A diurnal variation in the excretion of SUA and SA in urine was found. The two enteric-coated formulations provided significantly higher morning plasma concentrations than the conventional aspirin. The AUC was found to be significantly higher for ET than for the other two formulations. EG gave more uniform plasma levels during the studied 12-h intervals and also less inter- and intra-individual variations than ET, indicating that a b.i.d. regimen may be suitable for EG.
OR Practice—Large-Scale Nonlinear Network Models and Their Application (1989)

Nonlinear network applications arise in a variety of contexts: hydroelectric power system scheduling, financial planning, matrix estimation, air traffic control, and so on. This paper reviews applications of network optimization models with nonlinear objectives and, possibly, generalized arcs. Particular emphasis is placed on large-scale implementations. Specialized nonlinear network programming software is typically an order of magnitude faster than general purpose codes.
Optimized vehicle acceleration measurement for rail track condition monitoring (2017)

In this work, a new approach is proposed for monitoring the irregularities of rail track and it necessary to increase the safety of transportation. Traditional Track Recording Vehicles (TRV) will inspect the track in the midnight when all the services are completed. Each track lines are inspected only once or less in a month so that any serious degradation in the track line is not detected on time which causes a serious threat to the safety of railway system. Therefore in recent years focus has been shifted to the in-service vehicle monitoring. In this paper bogie and car body acceleration measurements are used to detect track irregularities. Bogie and car body sensors give information about track alignment which is further investigated using the mathematical model and the frequency response analysis. Simulation and the field results show the effectiveness of the proposed system. The differential evolution (DE) algorithm is used to optimize the values of irregularities which is received from the accelerometers placed in the axle box and bogie. Simulation is carried out for two different speeds of the train and the comparison is made between the track geometry measurement and the proposed DE method and the results indicate that the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Nicotinate Esters from 3‐Cyanopyridones. (1987)

Abstract The 3‐cyanopyridones (V) are prepared from the ketones (I), ethyl formate (II), and cyano acetamide (IV).
Hsp90α Combined with Afp and Tk1 Improved the Diagnostic Value for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2020)

<b>Aim:</b> We investigated the effect of the combination of heat shock protein 90α (HSP90α), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). <b>Methods & results:</b> A total of 409 patients with HCC, 101 patients with benign liver disorder and 78 healthy individuals were retrospectively analyzed. HSP90α level was higher in HCC patients than in controls. The expression of HSP90α showed a positive correlation with tumor stage, differentiation, lymph node metastasis and tumor thrombus formation. The combination of HSP90α, AFP and TK1 improved the diagnostic sensitivity (89.24%) and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.919). <b>Conclusion:</b> The detection of HSP90α, AFP and TK1 is more efficient than a single tumor marker for the diagnosis of HCC.
Kinetics and isotype profile of antibody responses in rhesus macaques induced following vaccination with HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 L1-virus-like particles formulated with or without Merck aluminum adjuvant (2005)

BACKGROUND: Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the most common sexually transmitted viruses. Infection of the cervical epithelium by HPVs can lead to the development of cervical cancer. Recent advances in vaccine research have shown that immunization with papillomavirus-like particles (VLPs) containing the major structural viral protein, L1 from HPV 16 can provide protection from the establishment of a chronic HPV 16 infection and related cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in baseline HPV 16 naive women. METHODS: To better understand the quantitative and qualitative effects of aluminum adjuvant on the immunogenic properties of an HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18L1 VLP vaccine, we used an HPV-specific, antibody isotyping assay and a competitive immunoassay that measures antibodies to neutralizing epitopes to profile sera from rhesus macaques immunized with the HPV L1 VLP vaccine formulated with or without aluminum adjuvant. RESULTS: Immunization with VLPs formulated with the aluminum adjuvant elicited a significantly stronger immune response with higher peak antibody titers both at four weeks post vaccination (12.7 to 41.9-fold higher) as well as in the persistent phase at week 52 (4.3 to 26.7-fold higher) than that of VLPs alone. Furthermore, the aluminum adjuvant formulated HPV VLP vaccine elicited a predominantly T helper type 2 response, with high levels of IgG1 and IgG4 and low levels of IgG2. The vaccine also elicited high levels of serum IgA, which may be important in providing mucosal immunity to impart protection in the anogenital tract. CONCLUSION: These results show that the HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 L1-VLP vaccine formulated with Merck aluminum adjuvant elicits a robust and durable immune response and holds promise as a vaccine for preventing cervical cancer.
A low-power system-on-chip for telecommunications: single chip digital FM receiver/demodulator IP (2003)

A single chip digital FM receiver/demodulator system, utilizing the zero-cross detection technique, is designed and implemented as an intellectual property (IP). Zero-cross detection is performed at an IP frequency of 10.7 MHz using a sampling clock of 65536 kHz. The system is simulated for a BT=0.3 GMSK input with a data rate of 8000 bps. Simulations showed that the system has a performance comparable to those of ideal non-coherent FM demodulators. The power dissipation and area of the system are also calculated for a 0.5 /spl mu/m triple-metal standard digital CMOS process. It has been shown that the system would have a power dissipation very close to its analog counterparts when implemented with standard cells. For the case that custom flip-flop and adder cells such as ones given by Yalcin and Ismailoglu (see 1SCAS'99 Proceedings, Orlando, USA, 1999) are used, digital implementation would draw much lower current than widely available analog circuits. The silicon area occupied by the system would be in the order of 3 mm/sup 2/, making it low cost. The designed system can be used as a single IC or as an IP in a larger IC, in low-cost mobile communication applications where non-coherent detection of the transmitted signal is desired.
<scp>d</scp> -Apiose Reductase from <i>Aerobacter aerogenes</i> (1970)

A strain of Aerobacter aerogenes PRL-R3 has been isolated which utilizes d-apiose as its sole source of carbon. A new enzyme, d-apiose reductase, was discovered in this strain. The enzyme was not present when the strain was grown on d-glucose. d-Apiose reductase catalyzes the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent interconversion of d-apiose and d-apiitol. The enzyme is specific for d-apiose and d-apiitol, with a few possible exceptions. The K(m) for d-apiose is 0.02 m. The K(m) for d-apiitol is 0.01 m. The enzyme is almost completely specific for the reduced and oxidized forms of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. When cell-free extracts were centrifuged at 100,000 x g for 1 hr, the enzyme remained in solution. Optimal activity for the reduction of d-apiose was obtained at pH 7.5 in glycylglycine buffer, whereas for the oxidation of d-apiitol it was obtained at pH 10.5 in glycine buffer. Enzymatic reduction of d-apiose was not appreciably affected by the presence of 0.02 m ethylenediaminetetraacetate. Paper chromatography and specific spray reagents were used to identify d-apiitol and d-apiose as the products of this reversible reaction. d-Apiose and d-apiitol did not serve as substrates for ribitol dehydrogenase and d-arabitol dehydrogenase from A. aerogenes PRL-R3.