gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α-2,3-Sialyltransferase Expression Level Impacts the Kinetics of Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation, Complement Resistance, and the Ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Colonize the Murine Genital Tract (2015)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has become resistant to nearly every therapeutic antibiotic used and is listed as an "urgent threat" by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Novel therapies are needed to combat drug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Gonococci express an α-2,3-sialyltransferase (Lst) that can scavenge sialic acid from the host and use it to modify lipooligosaccharide (LOS). Sialylation of gonococcal LOS converts serum-sensitive strains to serum resistance, decreases antibody binding, and combats killing by neutrophils and antimicrobial peptides. Mutant N. gonorrhoeae that lack Lst (cannot sialylate LOS) are attenuated in a mouse model. Lst expression levels differ among N. gonorrhoeae strains, and N. gonorrhoeae typically expresses more Lst than Neisseria meningitidis. Here we examined the significance of differential lst expression levels and determined that the level of LOS sialylation is critical to the ability of N. gonorrhoeae to combat the immune system and survive in an animal model. LOS sialylation may be an ideal target for novel therapies.
Hybrid Microgels with Antibacterial Properties (2008)

In the present work, we have used aqueous microgels as containers for the deposition of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). It has been shown that AgNPs can be effectively incorporated in the microgel interior during the in situ reduction of silver ions. Obtained hybrid microgels with variable AgNPs loading (from 1 to 12 wt.-%) have been used as antibacterial agents for two bacteria types. The experimental results indicate that porous microgel structure allows the release of the silver ions from the AgNPs surface into an aqueous phase. This ensures effective reduction in the number of bacterial colonies in test plates and complete bacteria killing. The antibacterial efficiency of the microgel particles increases with AgNPs loading.
Reversal of immunosuppression induced by a protein-free diet (1990)

VAN BUREN, CHARLES T. MD; RUDOLPH, FRED B. PhD; KULKARNI, ANIL PhD; PIZZINI, ROLAND BS; FANSLOW, WILLIAM C. PhD; KUMAR, SAROJ MS Author Information
Metabolic acidosis developing during cardiopulmonary bypass is related to a decrease in strong ion difference (2004)

Metabolic acidosis is a frequent complication of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Commonly, its cause is ascribed to hypoperfusion; however, iatrogenic causes, related to the composition and volume of intravascular fluids that are administered, are increasingly being recognized. The aim of this study was to determine if metabolic acidosis during CPB was associated with hypoperfusion, change in strong ion difference (SID) or haemodilution. Forty-nine patients undergoing cardiac surgery using CPB in the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh (RIE) or the HCI, Clydebank were included in the study. Arterial blood samples were aspirated before induction of anaesthesia and the end of CPB. Samples were subjected to blood gas analysis and measurement of electrolytes and lactate. Changes in concentrations were then calculated. Change variables that were found to be significant (p < 0.1) univariate correlates of the change in hydrogen ion concentration were identified and entered into a multivariate regression model with hydrogen ion concentration at the end of CPB as the outcome variable (r2 = 0.65, p < 0.001). Change variance in hydrogen ion concentration was created by first entering the baseline hydrogen ion concentration into the model. Next, any variance resulting from the respiratory component of acidosis was removed by entering the change in arterial carbon dioxide tension (regression coefficient (beta)=0.67, p < 0.01). Change in SID (beta = -0.34, p < 0.01) and surgical institution (beta = 0.40, p < 0.01) were then found to be predictors of the remaining variance whilst change in concentration of lactate (beta in = 0.16, p = 0.07) and volume of intravascular fluid that was administered (beta = -0.07, p = 0.52) were rejected from the model. These findings suggest that the metabolic acidosis developing during CPB is partially the result of iatrogenic decrease in SID rather than hypoperfusion, as estimated by lactate concentration, or haemodilution.
Four Hundred Years of Lutheranism (1918)

Religious, social, economic and political conditions favored the rapid spread of the spirit of revolt, when Luther with the sympathy and support of the rich and powerful Elector of Saxony had boldly defied the Roman hierarchy.Humanists who had just won a victory over the persecutors of Reuchlin for his devotion to Jewish learning and who had made laughing-stocks of the opponents of the new learning in the "Epistles of Obscure Men", promptly pledged him their their support and such knights as Ulrich von Hutten and Franz von Sickingen were in a position to furnish military succor in case of need.His early reformatory writings were evangelical to the core and were vibrant with pleas for liberty of conscience and demands for the abolition of ecclesiastical and civil tyranny.Mystics and old evangelicals saw in him a champion of pure, spiritual Christianity and rejoiced in his heroic stand for righteousness and truth.A number of the German princes sympathised with his religious views and felt especially attracted by his bitter denunciation of papal exploitation and his demand that Germany should be for Germans rather than for corrupt and supercilious Ital-
The Therapeutic Efficacy of Anti–Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Antibody, Bevacizumab, and Pemetrexed against Orthotopically Implanted Human Pleural Mesothelioma Cells in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice (2007)

These results suggest that the combined use of bevacizumab and pemetrexed may therefore be promising for controlling the progression of MPM highly expressing VEGF.
Asymmetric phospholipid: lipopolysaccharide bilayers; a Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane mimic (2013)

The Gram-negative bacterial outer membrane (OM) is a complex and highly asymmetric biological barrier but the small size of bacteria has hindered advances in in vivo examination of membrane dynamics. Thus, model OMs, amenable to physical study, are important sources of data. Here, we present data from asymmetric bilayers which emulate the OM and are formed by a simple two-step approach. The bilayers were deposited on an SiO2 surface by Langmuir-Blodgett deposition of phosphatidylcholine as the inner leaflet and, via Langmuir-Schaefer deposition, an outer leaflet of either Lipid A or Escherichia coli rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The membranes were examined using neutron reflectometry (NR) to examine the coverage and mixing of lipids between the bilayer leaflets. NR data showed that in all cases, the initial deposition asymmetry was mostly maintained for more than 16 h. This stability enabled the sizes of the headgroups and bilayer roughness of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and Lipid A, Rc-LPS and Ra-LPS to be clearly resolved. The results show that rough LPS can be manipulated like phospholipids and used to fabricate advanced asymmetric bacterial membrane models using well-known bilayer deposition techniques. Such models will enable OM dynamics and interactions to be studied under in vivo-like conditions.
Structure, function, and pathology of basement membranes. (1983)

Basement membranes support epithelial and endothelial cells, prevent the passage of proteins, and generate histologically distinct compartments in the body. Basement membranes contain a number of components, only some of which have been isolated and characterized. These include type IV collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, laminin, entactin, and fibronectin. Some components, such as bullous pemphigoid antigen and Goodpasture antigen, are present only in specific tissues, such as the skin or the kidneys. Alterations in basement membranes are associated with various diseases. For example, metastatic cells are able to attach to basement membranes and to degrade them. Such interactions with basement membranes underlie the ability of these cells to penetrate tissues and to spread in the body. In diabetes, basement membranes are thickened but are more porous, which is possibly due to a decreased amount of heparan sulfate proteoglycan. Basement membranes are also the site of immunopathologic disorders.
von Willebrand Factor Elevates Plasma Factor VIII Without Induction of Factor VIII Messenger RNA in the Liver (1999)

Abstract Factor VIII and von Willebrand factor (vWF) circulate in the plasma as a noncovalent protein complex. Circulating levels of factor VIII are coordinately regulated with circulating levels of vWF in which the ratio is maintained at 1 molecule of factor VIII for 50 to 100 vWF subunits. Infusion of vWF into vWF-deficient animal models and human patients yields a secondary increase in circulating levels of factor VIII. We have studied the mechanism of the secondary rise in factor VIII in a porcine model of vWF deficiency. On infusion of vWF into a vWF-deficient pig there was an approximately fivefold increase in circulating factor VIII activity. Liver biopsies were taken pre- and post-vWF infusion for isolation of total messenger RNA (mRNA). Factor VIII–specific mRNA was measured by an RNAse protection assay. The results showed no difference in the liver-specific factor VIII mRNA on vWF infusion. These results indicate that the secondary rise in factor VIII levels in response to exogenous vWF infusion is not dependent on increased steady-state levels of factor VIII mRNA in the liver.
Properties and structures of linear-phase FIR filters based on switching and resetting of IIR filters (2002)

Recursive structures are introduced for implementing long linear-phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters using a very small number of multipliers. The implementation uses the principle of switching and resetting between two identical copies of the same infinite impulse response (IIR) filter. The impulse response of the resulting filters is a truncated and shifted version of the response of a filter G(z)G(z/sup -1/) where G(z) is a stable IIR stable and G(z/sup -1/) is the corresponding unstable IIR filter. The filters are implemented as a parallel connection of several branches, each branch generating a truncated response corresponding to a complex conjugate pole pair and its mirror-image pair. The truncation is performed using a feedforward term which provides pole-zero cancellations. To stabilize the pole-zero cancellations, and to avoid the quantization error from growing too much, the branch filters are implemented by applying the principle of switching and resetting. It is shown, by means of an example, that by using this approach a nearly optimum FIR filter of order larger than 500 using just 17 adjustable parameters can be designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In situ nitrogenated graphene–few-layer WS2 composites for fast and reversible Li+ storage (2013)

Two-dimensional nanosheets can leverage on their open architecture to support facile insertion and removal of Li(+) as lithium-ion battery electrode materials. In this study, two two-dimensional nanosheets with complementary functions, namely nitrogen-doped graphene and few-layer WS2, were integrated via a facile surfactant-assisted synthesis under hydrothermal conditions. The layer structure and morphology of the composites were confirmed by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission microscopy. The effects of surfactant amount on the WS2 layer number were investigated and the performance of the layered composites as high energy density lithium-ion battery anodes was evaluated. The composite formed with a surfactant : tungsten precursor ratio of 1 : 1 delivered the best cyclability (average of only 0.08% capacity fade per cycle for 100 cycles) and good rate performance (80% capacity retention with a 50-fold increase in current density from 100 mA g(-1) to 5000 mA g(-1)), and may find uses in power-oriented applications.
42.7-Gb/s cost-effective duobinary optical transmitter using a commercial 10-Gb/s Mach-Zehnder modulator with optical filtering (2005)

Optical duobinary transmission at 42.7 Gb/s is demonstrated using a commercially available 10-Gb/s LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator. The intrinsic response of the 10-Gb/s electrooptic Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is used to create a low-pass-filtered (LPF) duobinary signal, which shows a minimum optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) requirement penalty of /spl sim/4 to /spl sim/6 dB as compared to nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signals. However, when the MZM-LPF duobinary is filtered with a 50-GHz 3-dB bandwidth first-order Gaussian filter, a significant improvement in required OSNR is seen. In contrast, similar optical filtering of NRZ data creates a significant OSNR penalty such that the NRZ and MZM-LPF duobinary data have nearly identical OSNR requirements. Therefore, the MZM-LPF duobinary technique may be a cost-effective approach to high-spectral-efficiency transmission at 42.7 Gb/s.
Model for In-Plane Directional Ordering of Organic Thin Films by Oblique Incidence Organic Molecular Beam Deposition (1999)

That the alignment of dipolar organic molecules in any direction can be achieved in situ with oblique organic molecular beam deposition was demonstrated in the previous paper. Here is proposed a growth mechanism to explain the observed in-plane ordering that gives rise to these dipolar supramolecular assemblies. It is concluded that the preferential alignment of the molecules is due to the combination of shape and bonding features of the molecules, together with kinetic factors such as directional hydrogen bonding, and self-shadowing and self-correcting effects.
Functional characteristics of the starch-binding domain of Lactobacillus amylovorus α-amylase (2005)

Lactobacillus amylovorus α-amylase (AmyA) presents an uncommon primary structure, constituted by two parts: the catalytic domain (amino acids 1 to 474) and the C-terminal domain (475-953). Structurally, the C-terminal domain is different from the other starch binding domains (SBD) of α-amylases since it is composed of five identical repeated units (RU) of 91 amino acids each one. A truncated AmyA, encoding the N-terminal region (first 474 aa) comprising the catalytic domain and excluding the putative SBD was expressed in a non-amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum strain. This protein was unable to bind or hydrolyze raw starch, showing that repeated units constitute an SBD. The importance of the repeated units on the starch binding ability was analyzed by expressing either one or five RUs of the C-terminal region in Escherichia coli, as independent domains. Starch binding assays showed that the five RUs alone bind to insoluble starch, suggesting that the catalytic domain is not required for adsorption. Moreover, one RU was also bound to the starch grain. These observations suggest that each RU is acting as an independent fixation module, as observed in some glycoside hydrolases, but not in amylases.
XXIV. Preparation and Electrical Properties of CdTe Single Crystals (1955)

ABSTRACT
Accurate Fiber-Optic Sensors Using Differential Heterodyne Method (1984)

A differential heterodyne fiber-optic sensing scheme using a transverse Zeeman laser and a birefringence-type sensor cell is constructed which can measure temperature, magnetic flux, voltage and pressure with a precision of 0.04°C, 1G(DC), 0.1V (DC) and 350Pa, respectively.
Epigenome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Identifies Differential Methylation Biomarkers in High-Grade Bladder Cancer (2017)

Epigenetic changes, including CpG island hypermethylation, occur frequently in bladder cancer (BC) and may be exploited for BC detection and distinction between high-grade (HG) and low-grade (LG) disease. Genome-wide methylation analysis was performed using Agilent Human CpG Island Microarrays to determine epigenetic differences between LG and HG cases. Pathway enrichment analysis and functional annotation determined that the most frequently methylated pathways in HG BC were enriched for anterior/posterior pattern specification, embryonic skeletal system development, neuron fate commitment, DNA binding, and transcription factor activity. We identified 990 probes comprising a 32-gene panel that completely distinguished LG from HG based on methylation. Selected genes from this panel, EOMES, GP5, PAX6, TCF4, and ZSCAN12, were selected for quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based validation by MethyLight in an independent series (n=84) of normal bladder samples and LG and HG cases. GP5 and ZSCAN12, two novel methylated genes in BC, were significantly hypermethylated in HG versus LG BC (P≤.03). We validated our data in a second independent cohort of LG and HG BC cases (n=42) from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Probes representing our 32-gene panel were significantly differentially methylated in LG versus HG tumors (P≤.04). These results indicate the ability to distinguish normal tissue from cancer, as well as LG from HG, based on methylation and reveal important pathways dysregulated in HG BC. Our findings were corroborated using publicly available data sets from TCGA. Ultimately, the creation of a methylation panel, including GP5 and ZSCAN12, able to distinguish between disease phenotypes will improve disease management and patient outcomes.
Hypoxia induces differential translation of enolase/MBP-1 (2010)

These results demonstrate that malignant cells adapt to hypoxia by modulating alpha-enolase/MBP-1 levels and suggest a mechanism for tumor cell induction of the hyperglycolytic state. This important "feedback" mechanism may help transformed cells to escape the apoptotic cascade, allowing for survival during limited glucose and oxygen availability.
Physical Properties of Deoxyribo-Nucleic Acid (1966)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Three-Dimensional Nanofibrillar Surfaces Promote Self-Renewal in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells (2005)

The regulation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) fate is controlled by the interplay of signaling networks that either promote self-renewal or induce differentiation. Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) is a cytokine that is required for stem cell renewal in mouse but not in human embryonic stem cells. However, feeder layers of embryonic fibroblasts are capable of inducing stem cell renewal in both cell types, suggesting that the self-renewal signaling pathways may also be promoted by other triggers, such as alternative cytokines and/or chemical or physical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by feeder fibroblasts. We have recently used a synthetic polyamide matrix (Ultra-Web) whose three-dimensional (3D) nanofibrillar organization resembles the ECM/basement membrane. Growth of mESCs on this nanofibrillar surface greatly enhanced proliferation and self-renewal in comparison with growth on tissue culture surfaces without nanofibers, despite the presence of LIF in both systems. Enhanced proliferation and self-renewal of the stem cells on nanofibrillar surfaces were correlated with the activation of the small GTPase Rac, the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, and the enhanced expression of Nanog, a homeoprotein required for maintenance of pluripotency. Inhibitors of PI3K reduced the expression level of Nanog in mESCs cultured on 3D nanofibrillar surfaces. These results provide support for the view that the three-dimensionality of the culture surface may function as a cue for the activation of Rac and PI3K signaling pathways, resulting in stem cell proliferation and self-renewal.
Multi-sensor super-resolution (2003)

Image sensing is usually done with multiple sensors, like the RGB sensors in color imaging, the IR and EO sensors in surveillance and satellite imaging, etc. The resolution of each sensor can be increased by considering the images of the other sensors, and using the statistical redundancy among the sensors. Particularly, we use the fact that most discontinuities in the image of one sensor correspond to discontinuities in the other sensors. Two applications are presented: Increasing the resolution of a single color image by using the correlation among the three color channels, and enhancing noisy IR images.
Botanical Observations on the Purulia Pumped Storage Hydropower Project Area, Bagmundi Hills, Purulia District, West Bengal (2003)

The paper presents a vegetation and floristic account of the proposed Purulia pumped storage hydropower project at Bagmundi hills, Purulia district, West Bengal. The primary impact of the project would be submerging of c. 4 sq. km. area of forest for construction of two rock filled dams. A total number of 246 species under 192 genera belonging to 78 families have been identified from the area, of which 54 species are ethnobotanically significant.
Distribution of Campylomma verbasci (Heteroptera: Miridae) Nymphs on Apple and an Assessment of Two Methods of Sampling (1989)

The distribution of Campylomma verbasci (Meyer) nymphs was examined on apple trees, Malus domestica Borkh., during May, from 1982 to 1984, in the Okanagan Valley, B.G Cluster samples, limb sections, and the limb tap method were used for these studies. Nymphs were found primarily within flower clusters and were associated with the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), or webbing of lepidopteran larvae. The efficiency of limb tap sampling was estimated to be 71% of the population in the region tapped, and its estimates of mean density were not affected by spatial, temporal, or varietal factors within orchards. With relative net precision as a measure of precision and cost, limb tap sampling was 1.9 to 5.3 times more efficient than cluster sampling for determination of nymphal density at economic levels. However, intensive sampling is required during a short period to achieve levels of precision acceptable for integrated pest management programs.
Transferability of Neural Network Approaches for Low-rate Energy Disaggregation (2019)

Energy disaggregation of appliances using non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) represents a set of signal and information processing methods used for appliance-level information extraction out of a meter's total or aggregate load. Large-scale deployments of smart meters worldwide and the availability of large amounts of data, motivates the shift from traditional source separation and Hidden Markov Model-based NILM towards data-driven NILM methods. Furthermore, we address the potential for scalable NILM roll-out by tackling disaggregation complexity as well as disaggregation on houses which have not been 'seen' before by the network, e.g., during training. In this paper, we focus on low rate NILM (with active power meter measurements sampled between 1-60 seconds) and present two different neural network architectures, one, based on convolutional neural network, and another based on gated recurrent unit, both of which classify the state and estimate the average power consumption of targeted appliances. Our proposed designs are driven by the need to have a well-trained generalised network which would be able to produce accurate results on a house that is not present in the training set, i.e., transferability. Performance results of the designed networks show excellent generalization ability and improvement compared to the state of the art.
Verstehen als Problem der Erkenntnistheorie (1977)

Eines der Grundprobleme der Soziologie läßt sich mit einem Grundproblem menschlicher Existenz zur Deckung bringen: Wie ist Verstehen möglich? Wie können wir uns mit dem Tun anderer Menschen vertraut machen? Wie können wir verhindern, daß es uns unverständlich bleibt und darum fremd erscheint? Entscheidet sich nicht an der Frage des Verstehens in der Soziologie wie im menschlichen Alltagshandeln, ob ich im anderen Menschen meine eigene Subjektqualität wiedererkenne oder ob mir mein Gegenüber zu einem Ding gerät, zu einem mir fremden Objekt?