gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of therapeutic agents on the inflammatory and fibrogenic factors in IgA nephropathy (2007)

It is desirable in the treatment of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) to prevent the downstream events after the immune response has involved the glomerulus. We and others observed that IgA itself could directly activate mesangial cells to produce monocyte chemotactic peptide-1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and this was suppressed by the treatment with steroid or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB). It was shown in mesangial cells that the increased expression of TGF-beta and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 induced by angiotensin II was suppressed by the treatment with ARB, calcium channel blocker (CCB), spironolactone or peroxisome proliferator-activated-receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist. It was well known in the patients with IgAN that renal or intraglomerular TGF-beta1 gene expression was increased. Interestingly, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors induced significantly lower renal TGF-beta1 gene expression in patients with IgAN. It was reported in several studies that urinary levels of IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1 or TGF-beta were increased in patients with IgAN. The increase was suppressed by the treatment with steroid, ARB or ACE inhibitor. More effective agents are necessary to ameliorate pathogenetic abnormalities and so to prevent the progression of IgAN.
Caloric response in patients treated with streptmycin sulfate. Statistical analysis. (1988)

Vestibular and auditory funtion tests were performed in patients who had received streptomycin sulfate (SM) injections. The caloric test and pure tone audiometory were chosen as tests of vestibular and auditory functions, respectively. The results of the caloric tests were correlated with auditometry results, age, dose of SM and renal function.The reduction of the maximum slow phase velocity was 0.70±0.15°/sec/g (mean±SE). There seemed to be a relationship between the reduction of the maximum slow phase velocity of caloric nystagmus and the total dose of SM, but the hearing threshhold did not change when the total SM dose was increased. The reduction of the maximum slow phase velocity of caloric response in the older patients seemed to be larger than in the younger patients. The weekly dose of SM and the renal function were not related to the vestibular function. These results suggest that the caloric test is useful in detecting not only vestibular dysfunction but also hearing impairment. It is important to check the response to the caloric test to prevent hearing loss due to SM injections.
Dynamic response of high-frequency pressure transducers to large amplitude sinusoidal pressure oscillations (1972)

Dynamic response characteristics of six currently used dynamic pressure transducers were investigated by using a large-amplitude sinusoidal-pressure generator. Frequencies between 1 and 15 kilohertz with corresponding peak-to-peak pressure-oscillation amplitudes ranging between 73 and 8 percent of bias pressure and bias pressures between 15 and 300 psia were utilized. Amplitude-ratio data as functions of frequency and pressure level are given for all transducers. The generator design and performance and associated instrumentation are described.
Self learning machines using Deep Networks (2011)

Self learning machines as defined in this paper are those learning by observation under limited supervision, and continuously adapt by observing the surrounding environment. The aim is to mimic the behavior of human brain learning from surroundings with limited supervision, and adapting its learning according to input sensory observations. Recently, Deep Belief Nets (DBNs) [1] have made good use of unsupervised learning as pre-training stage, which is equivalent to the observation stage in humans. However, they still need supervised training set to adjust the network parameters, as well as being nonadaptive to real world examples. In this paper, Self Learning Machine (SLM) is proposed based on deep belief networks and deep auto encoders.
Exact solution for bulk-edge coupling in the non-Abelian<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ν</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>quantum Hall interferometer (2009)

It has been predicted that the phase sensitive part of the current through a non-Abelian $\ensuremath{\nu}=5/2$ quantum Hall Fabry-Perot interferometer will depend on the number of localized charged $e/4$ quasiparticles (QPs) inside the interferometer cell. In the limit where all QPs are far from the edge, the leading contribution to the interference current is predicted to be absent if the number of enclosed QPs is odd and present otherwise, as a consequence of the non-Abelian QP statistics. The situation is more complicated, however, if a localized QP is close enough to the boundary so that it can exchange a Majorana fermion with the edge via a tunneling process. Here, we derive an exact solution for the dependence of the interference current on the coupling strength for this tunneling process, and confirm a previous prediction that for sufficiently strong coupling, the localized QP is effectively incorporated in the edge and no longer affects the interference pattern. We confirm that the dimensionless coupling strength can be tuned by the source-drain voltage, and we find that not only does the magnitude of the even-odd effect change with the strength of bulk-edge coupling, but in addition, there is a universal shift in the interference phase as a function of coupling strength. Some implications for experiments are discussed at the end.
A low-voltage CMOS low-dropout regulator with novel capacitor-multiplier frequency compensation (2008)

This paper presents a low-voltage, low-quiescent current, low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO) with a novel capacitor-multiplier frequency compensation technique. The proposed compensation strategy can make the LDO stable under the entire load-current range without relying on an ESR zero. By eliminating cascode structure or buffer stage, the proposed LDO facilitates low voltage operation. Moreover, the capacitor-multiplier circuit reduces the on-chip compensation capacitor greatly and can be effectively realized without extra current budget. Implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, the LDO is able to provide 200mA load current with 160mV dropout voltage while consuming only 20μA ground current. With a 1μF output capacitor, the load-transient output variation is 17mV through maximum current step changes. The on-chip compensation capacitor is reduced to 1pF.
Parameterized macromodeling for analog system-level design exploration (2007)

In this paper we propose a novel parameterized macromodeling technique for analog circuits. Unlike traditional macromodels that are only extracted for a small variation space, our proposed approach captures a significantly larger analog design space to facilitate system-level design exploration. Combining a novel piece-wise approximation algorithm and a new multi-point model-order-reduction approach, the proposed method generates compact macromodels covering the entire feasible design space. Our experiments demonstrate that using such models can achieve more than 60 x speed-up while incurring less than 4% overall error when varying design parameters by an order of magnitude.
DNA strand exchange catalyzed by proteins from vaccinia virus-infected cells (1993)

Vaccinia virus infection induces expression of a protein which can catalyze joint molecule formation between a single-stranded circular DNA and a homologous linear duplex. The kinetics of appearance of the enzyme parallels that of vaccinia virus DNA polymerase and suggests it is an early viral gene product. Extracts were prepared from vaccinia virus-infected HeLa cells, and the strand exchange assay was used to follow purification of this activity through five chromatographic steps. The most highly purified fraction contained three major polypeptides of 110 +/- 10, 52 +/- 5, and 32 +/- 3 kDa. The purified protein requires Mg2+ for activity, and this requirement cannot be satisfied by Mn2+ or Ca2+. One end of the linear duplex substrate must share homology with the single-stranded circle, although this homology requirement is not very high, as 10% base substitutions had no effect on the overall efficiency of pairing. As with many other eukaryotic strand exchange proteins, there was no requirement for ATP, and ATP analogs were not inhibitors. Electron microscopy was used to show that the joint molecules formed in these reactions were composed of a partially duplex circle of DNA bearing a displaced single-strand and a duplex linear tail. The recovery of these structures shows that the enzyme catalyzes true strand exchange. There is also a unique polarity to the strand exchange reaction. The enzyme pairs the 3' end of the duplex minus strand with the plus-stranded homolog, thus extending hybrid DNA in a 3'-to-5' direction with respect to the minus strand. Which viral gene (if any) encodes the enzyme is not yet known, but analysis of temperature-sensitive mutants shows that activity does not require the D5R gene product. Curiously, v-SEP appears to copurify with vaccinia virus DNA polymerase, although the activities can be partially resolved on phosphocellulose columns.
Dronedarone in the management of atrial fibrillation (2010)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common type of tachyarrhythmia caused by multiple re-entrant wave forms within the atria and bombarding the atrioventricular node several times making it beat in a rapid, disorganized fashion termed "fibrillation". In atrial fibrillation, atria beat more than 300 times per minute. The arrhythmatous condition needs to be controlled, as humans cannot withstand this rapid and chaotic beating of the heart. New investigational drugs like Dronedarone(®) are being used. Dronedarone is the most recent antiarrhythmic drugs. It was approved by US-FDA on July 2nd 2009 and is available in the USA as Multaq tablets (400 mg). Dronedarone falls under the category of multiple ion channel blocker. It mainly targets the repolarization currents, making them less active and hence prolonging the action potential duration (APD). Dronedarone also exhibits antiadrenergic activity, thus reducing the pace of the pacemaker. Dronedarone has been proven to be a safer and efficacious AAD, evidenced by both animal and human studies. These studies showed that there was prolongation of the APD and absence of QT interval prolongation with long term administration of the drug. Also there was reduced thyroid hormone receptor expression. Dronedarone is significantly safer and effective in maintaining the sinus rhythm and reducing the ventricular proarrhythmias, justifying it for the long term treatment of atrial fibrillation compared to other antiarrhythmic drugs.
Ultrabroadband terahertz radiation from low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive emitters (2003)

Terahertz radiation was generated with a biased and asymmetrically excited low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive emitter, and characterized with a 20-μm-thick ZnTe crystal using free-space electro-optic sampling. Using a backward collection scheme, we obtained terahertz radiation with frequency components over 30 THz, the highest ever observed for photoconductive emitters. We present spectra over the whole frequency range between 0.3 and 20 THz, demonstrating the use of this source for ultrabroadband THz spectroscopy.
<i>Swal</i>, a unique restriction endonuclease from<i>Staphylococcus warneri</i>, which recognizes 5′-ATTTAAAT-3′ (1992)

A novel class-II restriction endonuclease designated SwaI was purified from Staphylococcus warneri. This enzyme cleaves adenovirus 2 DNA, SV40 DNA and M13mp7 at one site each, but does not cleave lambda, PhiX174, pBR322 or pBR328 DNA. SwaI recognizes the octanucleotide sequence 5'-ATTTAAAT-3', cleaving in the center of the recognition sequence creating blunt ended DNA fragments. SwaI was used to digest chromosomal DNA from various microorganisms and human cells.
M*N Booth encoded multiplier generator using optimized Wallace trees (1993)

The architecture of a design method for an M-bit by N-bit Booth encoded parallel multiplier generator are discussed. An algorithm for reducing the delay inside the branches of the Wallace tree section is explained. The final step of adding two N+or-M-1-bit numbers is done by an optimal carry select adder stage. The algorithm for optimal partitioning of the N+or-M-1-bit adder is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. Part CDLIV. Abnormal dienone–phenol rearrangement of procularine (1972)

T. Kametani, K. Fukumoto and M. Fujihara, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1972, 394 DOI: 10.1039/P19720000394
Proximity gettering of iron in separation-by-implanted-oxygen wafers (2002)

High energy ion implantation of either C or He followed by annealing (proximity gettering) have been used to form gettering layers in separation-by-implanted-oxygen (SIMOX) structures intentionally contaminated with Fe. Analyses by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy (SIMS) have been carried out to study the redistribution of Fe and to assess the gettering efficiency of these layers. The results obtained have shown that He implants provide no gettering of Fe. Marked depletion of Fe has only been achieved near the C-rich gettering layers.
Contextual exploration previous to an aversive event predicts long-term emotional consequences of severe stress (2013)

Traumatic stress can lead to long-term emotional alterations, which may result in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Fear reactions triggered by conditioned cues and exacerbated emotional arousal in face of non-conditioned stimuli are among the most prominent features of PTSD. We hypothesized that long-term emotional alterations seen in PTSD may depend on the strength of context-trauma association. Here, we investigated the contribution of previous contextual exploration to the long-term emotional outcomes of an intense foot shock in rats. We exposed male Wistar rats to a highly stressful event (foot shock, 2 mA, 1 sec) allowing them to explore or not the chamber prior to trauma. We, then, evaluated the long-term effects on emotionality. Fear was assessed by the time spent in freezing behavior either upon re-exposure to trauma context or upon exposure to an unknown environment made potentially more aversive by presentation of an acoustic stimulus. Behaviors on the elevated-plus-maze and acoustic startle response were also assessed. The possibility to explore the environment immediately before the aversive event led to differential long-term emotional effects, including a heightened freezing response to re-exposure to context, blunted exploratory behavior, fear sensitization and exacerbation of the acoustic startle response, in contrast to the minor outcomes of the foot shock with no prior context exploration. The data showed the strong contribution of contextual learning to long-term behavioral effects of traumatic stress. We argue that contextual representation contributes to the robust long-term behavioral alterations seen in this model of traumatic stress.
Gastrointestinal cytoprotection by prostaglandins. (1979)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are widely distributed throughout the gastrointestinal tract and affect a variety of gastrointestinal functions. The observation that PGs of the E and A series are potent inhibitors of gastric acid secretion and that PGs, especially the E compounds, are released into the gastric lumen during vagal or gastrin stimulation suggests a possible physiological role for these agents as negative feedback inhibitors of gastric secretion'-8. Further, Robert's finding that prostaglandins prevent experimental ulceration from numerous causes in different laboratory animals implies a therapeutic use of PGs as anti-ulcer drugs apart from their antisecretory effects9-". This ability of PGs to protect the cells of the gastrointestinal epithelium against a variety of potentially noxious agents which otherwise have the capability of producing cellular damage and necrosis is termed 'cytoprotection'"0-12 and has been observed with all PGs tested, whether or not they possess gastric antisecretory properties. Furthermore, the dose of PG needed for cyto- protection has been shown to be much less than the antisecretory dose for several PGs possessing this latter property. These findings suggest that the cytoprotective action of PGs may be more fundamental than other gastrointestinal actions. If this is true, the potential clinical implications of cytoprotection are far-reaching.
Novel Approach for Thin Dense Nanoscale-Grained Metal Films (2002)

A novel approach to the synthesis of thin (∼1 μm) fully dense metallic films with nanoscale microstructure is presented. This technique is an unusual combination of two different phenomena: electroless plating and osmosis. It is remarkable that the method permits a systematic variation of film microstructure and thickness that allows for optimization of the film properties. Because the unique approach described herein can be used for synthesis of nanograined thin metal films of any desired composition, it can be employed in a variety of applications.
Pyrobaculum aerophilum sp. nov., a novel nitrate-reducing hyperthermophilic archaeum (1993)

A novel rod-shaped hyperthermophilic archaeum has been isolated from a boiling marine water hole at Maronti Beach, Ischia, Italy. It grew optimally at 100 degrees C and pH 7.0 by aerobic respiration as well as by dissimilatory nitrate reduction, forming dinitrogen as a final product. Organic and inorganic compounds served as substrates during aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Growth was inhibited by elemental sulfur. The cell wall was composed of a surface layer of hexameric protein complexes arranged on a p6 lattice. The core lipids consisted mainly of glycerol diphytanyl glycerol tetraethers with various degrees of cyclization. The G+C content was 52 mol%. The new isolate resembled members of the genera Thermoproteus and Pyrobaculum by its ability to form characteristic terminal spherical bodies ("golf clubs"). On the basis of its 16S rRNA sequence, the new isolate exhibited a close relationship to the genus Pyrobaculum. It is described as a new species, which we name Pyrobaculum aerophilum (type strain: IM2; DSM 7523).
Electrocautery-induced ignition of tonsillar packing. (1994)

A recent case of ignition of a bismuth-subgallate pack during routine tonsillectomy prompted this investigation of local oxygen levels. Similar conditions were reproduced in the laboratory to determine their influence on the flammability of materials commonly used to aid in haemostasis. Cotton tonsil packs soaked in saline, adrenalin, or adrenalin and bismuth were compared. During spontaneous ventilation through an age-appropriate uncuffed endotracheal tube, an air leak rarely occurred. However, when assisted ventilation was used, an airway leak produced an elevated oxygen concentration in 8 of 10 children. This was associated with increased combustibility of the packs, regardless of solution mixture. The addition of bismuth further increased combustibility. Partially saturated packs appeared to be more combustible than fully saturated packs.
Partial Monitoring—Classification, Regret Bounds, and Algorithms (2014)

In a partial monitoring game, the learner repeatedly chooses an action, the environment responds with an outcome, and then the learner suffers a loss and receives a feedback signal, both of which are fixed functions of the action and the outcome. The goal of the learner is to minimize his regret, which is the difference between his total cumulative loss and the total loss of the best fixed action in hindsight. In this paper we characterize the minimax regret of any partial monitoring game with finitely many actions and outcomes. It turns out that the minimax regret of any such game is either zero or scales as T 1/2 , T 2/3 , or T up to constants and logarithmic factors. We provide computationally efficient learning algorithms that achieve the minimax regret within a logarithmic factor for any game. In addition to the bounds on the minimax regret, if we assume that the outcomes are generated in an i.i.d. fashion, we prove individual upper bounds on the expected regret.
The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Structured Random Orthogonal Embeddings (2017)

We examine a class of embeddings based on structured random matrices with orthogonal rows which can be applied in many machine learning applications including dimensionality reduction and kernel approximation. For both the Johnson-Lindenstrauss transform and the angular kernel, we show that we can select matrices yielding guaranteed improved performance in accuracy and/or speed compared to earlier methods. We introduce matrices with complex entries which give significant further accuracy improvement. We provide geometric and Markov chain-based perspectives to help understand the benefits, and empirical results which suggest that the approach is helpful in a wider range of applications.
New attempt of proposing the pedometer algorithm in the elderly (2008)

A pedometer is popular as a quantitative evaluator of walking. However it may not measure the number of steps for elderly. In this study, we attempted to propose a step count algorithm based on a filter bank and a threshold processing to improve the accuracy of an accelerometer-type step counter for elderly. The waist acceleration signals during a self-paced walking were recorded form 74 participants of the gait training at the commuting rehabilitation services center using triaxial accelerometer. A conventional accelerometer-type pedometer was also attached close to the accelerometer. They walked approximately 20m. As a result of the algorithm verification using 74 elderly data sets, 57 subjects could be estimated with less than 10% error. We suggest that our step count algorithm is suitable for estimating the number of steps for elderly
Review of advance on coal pyrolysis mechanism (2014)

Coal pyrolysis is a key technologies to clean coal utilization, which contributes to energy saving and environmental protection. This paper reviews the update findings of coal pyrolysis, which involves various factors. They affects the physical and chemical properties of coal char, coal gasification reactivity, and pyrolysis furnace structure. These findings show that inert atmosphere reduces the initial reactive char gasification. Hydrogen atmosphere increases chemical reactivity of coal char, methane atmosphere mixed with steam promotes the nitrogen emission. Pressurized pyrolysis makes C/H mole ratio of coal char increasing and the specific surface area decreasing, and limits volatiles separated out. Higher temperature is conducive to the coal char conversion, heating rate is helpful to the trace elements release and improves the reactivity of ash melting char. It found that temperature, pressure, and heating rate have mutual effects. In future studies, it is desirable to obtain coal char with high carbon content and excellent reactivity.