gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-isotope SPECT imaging of the<sup>225</sup>Ac decay chain: feasibility studies (2017)

Effective use of the [Formula: see text] decay chain in targeted internal radioimmunotherapy requires the retention of both [Formula: see text] and progeny isotopes at the target site. Imaging-based pharmacokinetic tests of these pharmaceuticals must therefore separately yet simultaneously image multiple isotopes that may not be colocalized despite being part of the same decay chain. This work presents feasibility studies demonstrating the ability of a microSPECT/CT scanner equipped with a high energy collimator to simultaneously image two components of the [Formula: see text] decay chain: [Formula: see text] (218 keV) and [Formula: see text] (440 keV). Image quality phantoms were used to assess the performance of two collimators for simultaneous [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] imaging in terms of contrast and noise. A hotrod resolution phantom containing clusters of thin rods with diameters ranging between 0.85 and 1.70 mm was used to assess resolution. To demonstrate ability to simultaneously image dynamic [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] activity distributions, a phantom containing a [Formula: see text] generator from [Formula: see text] was imaged. These tests were performed with two collimators, a high-energy ultra-high resolution (HEUHR) collimator and an ultra-high sensitivity (UHS) collimator. Values consistent with activity concentrations determined independently via gamma spectroscopy were observed in high activity regions of the images. In hotrod phantom images, the HEUHR collimator resolved all rods for both [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] images. With the UHS collimator, no rods were resolvable in [Formula: see text] images and only rods ⩾1.3 mm were resolved in [Formula: see text] images. After eluting the [Formula: see text] generator, images accurately visualized the reestablishment of transient equilibrium of the [Formula: see text] decay chain. The feasibility of evaluating the pharmacokinetics of the [Formula: see text] decay chain in vivo has been demonstrated. This presented method requires the use of a high-performance high-energy collimator.
Larvicidal and chemosterilant activity of Annona squamosa alkaloids against Anopheles stephensi. (1993)

Alkaloids isolated from Annona squamosa have shown larvicidal growth-regulating and chemosterilant activities against Anopheles stephensi at concentrations of 50 to 200 ppm. Adults exposed as larvae to different treatments showed reduced fecundity and fertility in females. Mortality in the larvae, pupae and adults produced about a 52-92% decrease in the laboratory experiment. The total developmental period was slightly reduced from the control. Treatment with the alkaloids had a significant effect on the mortality, emergence and reproductive physiology of An. stephensi.
L-2-Oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid reverses endothelial dysfunction in patients with coronary artery disease. (1998)

The effective action of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (EDNO) is impaired in patients with atherosclerosis. This impairment has been attributed in part to increased vascular oxidative stress. EDNO action is improved by administration of ascorbic acid, a water-soluble antioxidant. Ascorbic acid is a potent free-radical scavenger in plasma, and also regulates intracellular redox state in part by sparing cellular glutathione. We specifically investigated the role of intracellular redox state in EDNO action by examining the effect of L-2-oxo-4-thiazolidine carboxylate (OTC) on EDNO-dependent, flow-mediated dilation in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. OTC augments intracellular glutathione by providing substrate cysteine for glutathione synthesis. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was examined with high-resolution ultrasound before and after oral administration of 4.5 g of OTC or placebo in 48 subjects with angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Placebo treatment produced no change in flow-mediated dilation (7.0+/-3.9% vs. 7.2+/-3.7%), whereas OTC treatment was associated with a significant improvement in flow-mediated dilation (6.6+/-4.4% vs. 11.0+/-6.3%; P = 0.005). OTC had no effect on arterial dilation to nitroglycerin, systemic blood pressure, heart rate, or reactive hyperemia. These data suggest that augmenting cellular glutathione levels improves EDNO action in human atherosclerosis. Cellular redox state may be an important regulator of EDNO action, and is a potential target for therapy in patients with coronary artery disease.
Photovoltaic converter module configurations for maximum power point operation (2010)

This paper examines a variety of configurations using photovoltaic (PV) boost converter modules for maximum power point operation. The modules are locally controlled with maximum power point tracking. The PV modules are connected in parallel, series, and series with a buck converter. Although the PV modules operate autonomously based on PV parameters, the system converges to maximum output power operation. This provides a scalable solution with simple control of the PV converter module. The three configurations that use the PV boost convert modules are simulated under three loads. The characteristics, advantages, and limitations of each configuration are examined.
Unsupervised segmentation of the prostate using MR images based on level set with a shape prior (2009)

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Current prostate MRI can benefit from automated tumor localization to help guide biopsy, radiotherapy and surgical planning. An important step of automated prostate cancer localization is the segmentation of the prostate. In this paper, we propose a fully automatic method for the segmentation of the prostate. We firstly apply a deformable ellipse model to find an ellipse that best fits the prostate shape. Then, this ellipse is used to initiate the level set and constrain the level set evolution with a shape penalty term. Finally, certain post processing methods are applied to refine the prostate boundaries. We apply the proposed method to real diffusion-weighted (DWI) MRI images data to test the performance. Our results show that accurate segmentation can be obtained with the proposed method compared to human readers.
Demonstration of a pH gradient at the luminal surface of rat duodenum in vivo and its dependence on mucosal alkaline secretion. (1983)

The relationship between surface epithelial alkaline secretion and pH at the mucosal cell surface was studied in the duodenum of anesthetized rats. Alkaline secretion was measured by direct titration in situ using perfused segments of duodenum just distal to the Brunner gland area and devoid of pancreatic and biliary HCO3-. Mucosal surface pH was measured by advancing a pH-sensitive antimony microelectrode from the luminal solution to the mucosal cell surface during continuous recording of pH. Acidification of the luminal solution markedly stimulated epithelial alkaline secretion: a change of luminal pH from 7.60 to 5.00 by approximately 100%, and from pH 7.60 to 2.00 by approximately 600%. Maximal pH in the immediate vicinity of the (luminal) cell surface remained at or slightly above neutrality during exposure to both luminal acidities. Prostaglandins (E2, 16,16-dimethyl E2, and F2 alpha, 3-140 microM luminally) increased the rate of alkaline secretion, surface alkalinity, and thickness of the pH gradient. Acetazolamide (40-80 mg/kg, i.v.) was a much more potent inhibitor of prostaglandin or acid-stimulated secretion than of basal alkaline secretion and decreased surface pH in acid-exposed duodenum. Aspirin (30 mg/kg, i.v.) had no effect on basal alkaline secretion (titrated at luminal pH 7.60) but significantly inhibited secretion at luminal pH 2.00, resulting in a decrease of surface pH. These data suggest that endogenous prostaglandins may be involved in mediating the alkaline response to luminal acid. Furthermore, because it is quantitatively sufficient to maintain neutral pH at the mucosal cell surface at luminal acidities normally encountered within the duodenal bulb, epithelial alkaline secretion presumably has an important role in duodenal protection against acid.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,5‐furan dicarboxylate)s based on a variety of diols (2011)

Abstract Novel polyesters from renewable resources based on 2,5‐dicarboxylic acid and several diols were synthesized and characterized using different polycondensation techniques. The aliphatic diols were sufficiently volatile to allow the use of polytransesterifications, which gave high‐molecular weight semicrystalline materials with good thermal stability. In particular, the polyester based on ethylene glycol displayed properties comparable with those of its aromatic counterpart, poly(ethylene terephthalate), namely, the most important industrial polyester. The use of isosorbide gave rise to amorphous polymers with very stiff chains and hence a high glass transition temperature and an enhanced thermal stability. The interfacial polycondensation between the acid dichloride and hydroquinone produced a semicrystalline material with features similar to those of entirely aromatic polyesters, characterized essentially by the absence of melting and poor solubility, both associated with their remarkable chain rigidity. The replacement of hydroquinone with the corresponding benzylic diol was sufficient to provide a more tractable polyester. This study provided ample evidence in favor of the exploitation of furan monomers as renewable alternatives to fossil‐based aromatic homologs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Cyclic AMP regulates the migration and invasion potential of human pancreatic cancer cells (2013)

Aggressive dissemination and metastasis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) results in poor prognosis and marked lethality. Rho monomeric G protein levels are increased in pancreatic cancer tissue. As the mechanisms underlying PDAC malignancy are little understood, we investigated the role for cAMP in regulating monomeric G protein regulated invasion and migration of pancreatic cancer cells. Treatment of PDAC cells with cAMP elevating agents that activate adenylyl cyclases, forskolin, protein kinase A (PKA), 6-Bnz-cAMP, or the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor cilostamide significantly decreased migration and Matrigel invasion of PDAC cell lines. Inhibition was dose-dependent and not significantly different between forskolin or cilostamide treatment. cAMP elevating drugs not only blocked basal migration, but similarly abrogated transforming-growth factor-β-directed PDAC cell migration and invasion. The inhibitory effects of cAMP were prevented by the pharmacological blockade of PKA. Drugs that increase cellular cAMP levels decreased levels of active RhoA or RhoC, with a concomitant increase in phosphorylated RhoA. Diminished Rho signaling was correlated with the appearance of thickened cortical actin bands along the perimeter of non-motile forskolin or cilostamide-treated cells. Decreased migration did not reflect alterations in cell growth or programmed cell death. Collectively these data support the notion that increased levels of cAMP specifically hinder PDAC cell motility through F-actin remodeling.
Three dimensional analysis of a cylinder-type flux concentration apparatus (1988)

Three-dimensional A- phi analysis of a recently developed cylinder-type concentration apparatus is dealt with. The model used attains compactness in size and high efficiency in flux concentration by assembling a conducting plate just inside one or several excitation windings. A four-component direct finite-element calculation method is applied, and three-dimensional distributions of the flux density, eddy current, and scalar potential are obtained. The divided direct calculation method is compared with an iterative method previously used by the authors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum Algorithms for Fermionic Quantum Field Theories (2014)

Extending previous work on scalar field theories, we develop a quantum algorithm to compute relativistic scattering amplitudes in fermionic field theories, exemplified by the massive Gross-Neveu model, a theory in two spacetime dimensions with quartic interactions. The algorithm introduces new techniques to meet the additional challenges posed by the characteristics of fermionic fields, and its run time is polynomial in the desired precision and the energy. Thus, it constitutes further progress towards an efficient quantum algorithm for simulating the Standard Model of particle physics.
Structural Characterization of Residual Lignins Isolated with Tetraacetylethylenediamine-Activated Peroxide from Ultrasonically Irradiated Organosolv Pretreated Wheat Straw (2005)

Abstract Residual lignin (14.5–30.8% of the original wheat straw lignin) was obtained by post-treatment with 2% H2O2-0.2% tetraacetylethylenediamine (TAED) at pH 11.8 for 12 h at 48°C from ultrasonic irradiation (0–35 min) following by organosolv treatment of wheat straw. Analyses of the released residual lignins revealed that TAED-activated peroxide post-treatment led to side-chain oxidation of the lignin as shown by a slight increase of aliphatic carboxyl groups. The eight residual lignin preparations were relatively free of bound polysaccharides, indicating substantial cleavage of the α-ether linkages between lignin and polysaccharides. The lignin preparation solubilized during the TAED-activated peroxide post-treatment had a higher molecular weight and thermal stability than that of the corresponding lignin fraction released during the alkaline organosolv pretreatment with or without ultrasonic assistance. Detailed structural characterization of the residual lignin was performed by 13C NMR.
Whisper: Programmable and Flexible Control on Industrial IoT Networks (2018)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) centralizes network control to improve network programmability and flexibility. Contrary to wired settings, it is unclear how to support SDN in low power and lossy networks like typical Internet of Things (IoT) ones. Challenges encompass providing reliable in-band connectivity between the centralized controller and out-of-range nodes, and coping with physical limitations of the highly resource-constrained IoT devices. In this work, we present Whisper, an enabler for SDN in low power and lossy networks. The centralized Whisper controller of a network remotely controls nodes' forwarding and cell allocation. To do so, the controller sends carefully computed routing and scheduling messages that are fully compatible with the protocols run in the network. This mechanism ensures the best possible in-band connectivity between the controller and all network nodes, capitalizing on an interface which is already supported by network devices. Whisper's internal algorithms further reduce the number of messages sent by the controller, to make the exerted control as lightweight as possible for the devices. Beyond detailing Whisper's design, we discuss compelling use cases that Whisper unlocks, including rerouting around low-battery devices and providing runtime defense to jamming attacks. We also describe how to implement Whisper in current IoT open standards (RPL and 6TiSCH) without modifying IoT devices' firmware. This shows that Whisper can implement an SDN-like control for distributed low power networks with no specific support for SDN, from legacy to next generation IoT devices. Our testbed experiments show that Whisper successfully controls the network in both the scheduling and routing plane, with significantly less overhead than other SDN-IoT solutions, no additional latency and no packet loss.
Micro active catheter using ICPF actuator-characteristic evaluation, electrical model and operability evaluation (2002)

The authors have proposed a new prototype model of a micro-catheter with an active guide wire that has two bending degrees of freedom using an ICPF (ionic conducting polymer film) actuator on its front end as the servo actuator. In this paper, the bending characteristics of the micro-catheter have been measured by the application of electricity in a physiological saline solution. By using simulators (whose conditions are similar to those of a body cavity), the authors also carried out simulation experiments "in vitro" and the contrast experiments of operability between the proposed catheter and conventional guide wire catheter. The experimental results indicate that the proposed micro-catheter is applicable to intracavity operations.
Studies on Amylolytic Enzymes Produced by Endomyces sp (1961)

Purification of amylase produced by Endomyces sp. IFO 0111 was carried out. A highly purified amyloglucosidase preparation was obtained from culture broth by means of precipitation with ammonium sulfate, decolorization with rivanol, precipitation with acetone and zone electrophoresis. The homogeneity of the preparation was proved by ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis. General properties of the preparation were investigated.
The display of three-dimensional video images (1997)

Three-dimensional images can be pixellated in three distinct ways: volumetric, holographic, and autostereoscopic. The latter excels if images of opaque objects are to be displayed with wide fields of view, and the quality of view-sequential displays with 1/spl deg/ per view now appears adequate for general applications. Although in principle autostereoscopic pixellation gives a true three-dimensional image, 1/10/spl deg/ per view is needed to avoid flaws in a typical display. This approximately equals the diffraction limit, and the information content is no less than that of a hologram. A hybrid of holographic views and view-sequential multiplexing promises images with the field of view of autostereoscopic images but the significantly greater resolution and depth of holograms. Light valves and high-frame-rate arrays already have the space-bandwidth product needed to display such images, and further advances in photonic switches and gigahertz telecommunications look set to promote the display of such high-quality three-dimensional video images.
Sound Localization in the Human Thorax (2006)

This paper compares two methods of source localization in the human thorax using a multisensor stethoscope. The multisensor stethoscope measurement technique consists of several stethoscope chest pieces simultaneously recording and storing audio data for computer-aided analysis. Localization method A finds the source location by measuring the relative power at different points in the field and identifying the location of maximum power. Localization method B finds the source by solving a system of equations based on the difference in time of arrival of signals at different microphones and the measured microphone positions. To illustrate this concept, a circular array of microphones equally spaced in one plane is assumed to be in a free-field homogeneous medium. Simulations, conducted in Matlab, as well as verification results are presented. Two in vitro verification models were constructed, and preliminary trials were done on a human test subject
Ultrasmall NHC-coated gold nanoparticles obtained through solvent free thermolysis of organometallic Au(<scp>i</scp>) complexes (2014)

Ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (Au UNPs) represent a unique class of nanomaterials making them very attractive for certain applications. Herein, we developed an organometallic approach to the synthesis of Au UNPs stabilized with the C18H37-NHC ligand by the solvent free thermolysis of [RMIM][Au(C6F5)2] () or [Au(C6F5)(RNHC)] () (with R = C18H37-), by controlling the reactivity of pentafluorophenyl ligands as deprotonating or reductive elimination agents; Au UNPs can be achieved by solvent free thermolysis. Pentafluorophenyl Au(i) complexes and are synthesized from the corresponding ionic and neutral precursors. The presence of long alkyl chain imidazolium or carbene species in the complexes makes them to behave as isotropic liquids at moderate temperatures. The use of multinuclear NMR allows the description of the mechanism of formation of the UNPs as well as the surface state of the UNPs.
Highly Regioselective Oxirane Ring‐Opening of a Versatile Epoxypyrrolidine Precursor of New Imino‐Sugar‐Based Sphingolipid Mimics (2009)

Abstract An in‐depth study of the oxirane ring‐opening reaction of a pivotal epoxypyrrolidine is reported. The introduction of various carbon‐ and heteroatom‐centered nucleophiles at C4 has been achieved with high regiocontrol. The structures of the major products were assigned on the basis on an X‐ray crystallographic study of six examples. A mechanistic study carried out at the B3LYP/6‐31G** level of theory suggested that the steric control of the vinyl substituent was responsible for the regioselectivity. Finally, this approach was used to design and prepare imino‐sugar‐based sphingolipid mimics. A highly cytotoxic C ‐octylpyrrolidine is described. This compound was shown to interfere with the metabolism of sphingolipids in murine melanoma cells, notably in inhibiting the production of glucosylceramide. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Deficiencies in Current International Arbitration Practice in Construction Cases (1991)

This note has been largely inspired by recent experience and increasing anecdotal information from other practitioners, coupled with certain contributions to debate in recent seminars. These suggest some disturbing trends in international as well as English domestic arbitration, which may justify external intervention either by the Courts or by arbitration institutions like the ICC. They concern the tempo at which the dispute is brought to a hearing, which may be too rushed; the breaking up of the hearing into a number of adjourned hearings with considerable gaps between; or the arbitrary shortening of the hearing against the wishes of one or other of the parties. (There are also some cases where the start of the hearing is badly delayed, but under the ICC Rules this has to be explained to the ICC and for this reason is not perhaps such a serious problem in their case.) The suspicion must be...
Computer Optimization for the Formulation of Controlled-Release Theophylline Tablet Made of Micronized Low-Substituted Hydroxypropylcellulose and Methylcellulose. (1994)

A computer optimization technique based on response surface methodology was applied to the formulation optimization of a controlled-release tablet made of micronized low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC) and methylcellulose (MC) as matrix carriers. Theophylline was selected as the model drug, and was directly compressed with these carriers. Since the tablet showed slow disintegration from the outer layer, release was estimated to involve a coupling of diffusion and erosion release mechanisms. The percentage of drug released at time i (Di) and percent disintegration of the matrix not including the drug at 5h (Dis5) were examined. Di and Dis5 decreased with an increase in the amount of micronized L-HPC (X1) and with a decrease in the amount of MC (X2) in the tablet. In contrast, they were little affected by compression pressure (X3). These response variables-Di and Dis5-were predicted well by a multiple regression equation involving the combination of X1, X2 and X3. In the optimization study, formulation of the controlled-release tablet was examined to obtain zero-order release over 10h. The predicted release rate obtained from the optimum formula agreed well with experimental values. The result suggests that the technique is useful for the formulation optimization of this matrix system, and that this system has the potential to control the release rate, including zero-order release profile.