gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Color quantizer for video sequences</title> (1998)

A new algorithm that color quantizes video sequences is described. It creates multiple color palettes for a video sequence yet avoids the extreme case of creating a palette for each frame. It exploits the fact that there are many instances during a video sequence where minor color changes occur between consecutive frames. The algorithm calculates elementary statistics for each frame to help ascertain whether or not a new color palette needs to be created. The proposed algorithm performs clustering by grouping the colors of a frame into partitions using a method based on principal components. Prior to clustering, a statistical test determines whether or not the colors in the current frame are significantly different than those of the frame where clustering last occurred. If the algorithm detects a significant difference, it performs a clustering phase to calculate a new color palette. The algorithm skips the clustering phase if a significant difference is not detected. Quantized frames are generated by mapping each color in the original frame to its nearest neighbor in the color palette.
Structure and function of E. coli ribosomes. V. Reconstitution of functionally active 30S ribosomal particles from RNA and proteins. (1968)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Lower Proportion of CD45R0+ Cells and Deficient Interleukin-10 Production by Formula-Fed Infants, Compared With Human-Fed, Is Corrected With Supplementation of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (2000)

Adding LCP to a preterm infant formula resulted in lymphocyte populations, phospholipid composition, cytokine production, and antigen maturity that are more consistent with that in human milk-fed infants. This may affect the ability of the infant to respond to immune challenges.
<sup>15</sup>N‐NMR. and <sup>31</sup>P‐NMR. Studies of palladium and platinum complexes (1979)

Abstract 15 N‐NMR. parameters for the complexes trans ‐[MCl 2 ( 15 NH 2 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 )L] are reported; M = Pt, Pd, L = PBu , PMePh 2 , P ( p ‐CH 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 , AsBu n 3 , AsMePh 2 , As ( p ‐CH 3 C 6 H 4 ) 3 , NH 2 (CH 2 ) 5 CH 3 and (for Pt) C 2 H 4 . For both metals, the NMR. parameters depend on the trans ‐influence of the ligand L. The values 1 J ( 195 Pt, 15 N) vary from 138 to 336 Hz and can be shown to correlate with the values 1 J ( 195 Pt, 31 P) in the complexes trans ‐[PtCl 2 (PBu )L]. There is a linear relation between the 15 N chemical shifts in the complexes of the two metals. The reactions of the complexes sym‐trans ‐[M 2 Cl 4 L 2 ], M = Pd, Pt, L = a tertiary phosphine or arsine, with neutral ligands are described. 195 Pt‐, 31 P‐ and 13 C‐NMR. data are reported.
High temperature pulsed and continuous-wave operation and thermally stable threshold characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1994)

A systematic and comparative study of the temperature performance of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) is presented to discuss how thermal effects govern their temperature range for cw operation. These include the temperature-induced detuning of the lasing mode from the gain peak, thermal self-heating, and thermal runaway. The power dissipation of the VCSELs and the resultant rise in junction temperature have been measured as a function of the mode detuning. It is shown that low power dissipation is achieved by aligning the cavity mode to the gain peak and introducing continuously graded heterointerfaces throughout the VCSEL structure. By selecting the optimal mode detuning, VCSELs have achieved excellent operating characteristics over a broad range of temperatures, including thermally stable threshold voltage and current, and a very wide temperature range for both pulsed (100–580 K) and continuous-wave (100–400 K) operations.
빈곤 타파를 위한 A. 마셜의 일자리정책 제안 : 실업과 인적자본이론을 중심으로 (2017)

A. 마셜의 『경제학원리』는 분석적 측면에서 수학적 장치를 활용하여 리카도와 밀의 가치 및 분배이론을 정교화, 일반화 한 것이라고 평가된다. 마셜의 경제학 체계에서 수요와 공급의 이론이 두드러지게 보이는 것은 바로 이런 이유이다. 그러나 20세기 신고전파 중에서도 마셜은 자유방임 자본주의를 옹호하지만 경제시스템의 기능을 덜 가혹하게 만들기 위한 개혁에 상당한 여지를 허용하는 학자였다. 마셜의 개혁적 사상의 핵심이 그의 빈곤에 대한 사상이다. 마셜은 경제학의 근본 과제를 “인간의 진보”라고 생각했다. 그는 당대에 경제적 진보가 상당히 이루어 졌지만 빈곤의 여전히 남아있다는 사실에 대해 개탄했다. 그래서 경제적 자유의 폐해로 발생한 문제 중의 하나인 빈곤에 대해 사회와 국가가 나서서 그것을 줄이도록 노력해야 하며, 그것이 사회에 이득이 된다고 역설했다. 마셜은 빈곤을 줄이기 위해서는 일자리의 안정성이 보장―즉 실업이 축소―되어야 하고, 노동자들의 생산성을 높일 수 있도록 교육·훈련이 제공되어야 한다고 생각했다. 마셜에서 고용변동의 주요 원인은 화폐적 현상으로서의 경기 순환이다. 그리고 경기순환과정에서의 명목임금의 경직성이 실업의 증가를 가져오는 한 원인이다. 그리하여 마셜은 실업 대책으로서, 신용 변동을 막기 위한 신용의 적절한 조절과 화폐임금의 경직성을 완화하기 위한 노동효율성과 임금 표준의 설정을 제안했다. 그리고 마셜은 조화로운 노사관계를 유지하는 것도 중요하다고 생각했다. 마셜은 인적 자본의 축적과 인성의 개선을 통해 하층 노동자들의 만성적 저고용을 줄이고 빈곤을 해소할 수 있을 것이라고 생각했다. 그런데 빈곤층 부모들은 자녀 교육에 충분한 자원을 사용할 수 없으므로 교육에 대한 정부의 광범위한 지원이 필요하다는 것이 마셜의 생각이었다.
Active Information Selection: Visual Attention Through the Hands (2009)

An important goal in studying both human intelligence and artificial intelligence is to understand how a natural or an artificial learning system deals with the uncertainty and ambiguity of the real world. For a natural intelligence system such as a human toddler, the relevant aspects in a learning environment are only those that make contact with the learner's sensory system. In real-world interactions, what the child perceives critically depends on his own actions as these actions bring information into and out of the learner's sensory field. The present analyses indicate how, in the case of a toddler playing with toys, these perception-action loops may simplify the learning environment by selecting relevant information and filtering irrelevant information. This paper reports new findings using a novel method that seeks to describe the visual learning environment from a young child's point of view and measures the visual information that a child perceives in real-time toy play with a parent. The main results are 1) what the child perceives primarily depends on his own actions but also his social partner's actions; 2) manual actions, in particular, play a critical role in creating visual experiences in which one object dominates; 3) this selecting and filtering of visual objects through the actions of the child provides more constrained and clean input that seems likely to facilitate cognitive learning processes. These findings have broad implications for how one studies and thinks about human and artificial learning systems.
Ringing, tone, and cadence requirements for nonswitched loads in digital central offices (2003)

The author describes the residual load signals most often encountered and shows an example of a state-of-the-art residual ringing, tone, and cadence power plant based on digital and PWM (pulse-width modulation) techniques which operates in a space and cost-efficient manner. This plant is expandable to meet the need for increased output capacity, which is frequently not discovered until after the unit is placed in service. After describing residual ringing, tones, and cadences, the author gives the design objectives and, finally, presents the complete system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Industrial Privacy in RFID-based Batch Recalls (2008)

Batch recalls are an important topic for manufacturers and producers. Especially in the food and in the pharmaceutical industry, producers are obliged to implement recalls in order to comply with legislation. In extreme cases, non-compliance can cause loss of life, e.g. when perished food or medicine reaches the consumer. Current batch recall practice is expensive and difficult, since many supply chain partners need to combine the data from their ERP systems. Radio frequency identification (RFID) can be used to efficiently implement batch recalls, e.g. by storing batch numbers from the parts/ingredients used in all manufacturing steps. But this raises concerns on industrial privacy, since competitors could use this information to gain insight into the whole supply chain. We overcome this problem by storing tracing information on RFID tags and encrypting the information, such that it is only available in case of a recall. We encrypt the information using identity based encryption and furthermore allow universal re-encryption along the supply chain to prevent information leakages from the ciphertexts.
Indian kala-azar--better tools needed for diagnosis and treatment. (2003)

In India kala-azar affects millions of people and the state of Bihar accounts for nearly 90% cases followed by West Bengal and Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Neighboring countries like Nepal and Bangladesh also report a significant number of cases with VL. Ever since the first reports from North Bihar in the early seventies there has been a continuous occurrence of the disease with two big epidemics in 1977-78 and 1992-93. Most of the affected population is very poor and illiterate and not aware of the preventive measures. These patients cannot afford expensive diagnosis or treatment. (excerpt)
A Note on Income Effects and Health Care Cost Growth in Medicare (2014)

Abstract This paper sets out a model of technical change and health care cost growth for a representative Medicare beneficiary facing a budget constraint. Derivation of an explicit expression for health care cost growth shows how technological change and preferences, including income effects, affect cost growth. The analysis highlights the role of the 76% subsidy from current taxpayers to Medicare beneficiaries for purchase of health insurance. This subsidy insulates beneficiaries from the income effects of cost growth by shifting the costs and income effects to taxpayers. Simulations show that over the next 10–20 years, income effects will have little effect on cost growth in Medicare.
[Autonomic disorders in the patophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome]. (2014)

The article deals with results of researches autonomic disorders in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. It's maintained data various methods studies of state autonomic nervous system, role of autonomic disfunction in IBS pathogenesis mechanisms.
Single Gene Differentiation by DNA-Modified Carbon Electrodes Using an AC Impedimetric Approach (2007)

A simple and novel electrochemical biosensor is described for differentiating between differing gene sequences on the basis of DNA hybridization events. Polyethylenimine-modified screen-printed carbon electrodes were used to immobilize single-stranded PCR fragments from plasmid DNA from the gene for pyruvate kinase. AC impedimetric measurements were first performed on these systems in buffer and then upon exposure to single-stranded DNA. When the electrode and solution DNA were complementary, a large drop in impedance was measured. Complementary DNA could be clearly detected at concentrations down to 1 fg/mL. Higher concentrations gave faster hybridization with saturation occurring at levels above 1 ng/mL. Responses were much lower upon exposure to noncomplementary DNA, even at higher concentrations, with the sensor showing a high degree of selectivity. This sensor format offers great promise for many DNA hybridization applications and lends itself to mass fabrication.
Gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts differ in their inflammatory response to viable<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (2009)

Considerable heterogeneity in responsiveness to P. gingivalis exists both between GF and PDLF and between individuals, which may be crucial determinants for the susceptibility to develop periodontitis.
Lymphocyte migration into three-dimensional collagen matrices: a quantitative study. (1983)

Lymphocytes have been plated onto the surface of three-dimensional gels of native collagen fibers, and their distribution throughout the three-dimensional collagen matrix has been determined in a quantitative fashion at various times thereafter. Information regarding the total number of applied cells may be obtained by this means. Lymphocyte penetration into the collagen gel does not appear to involve the expression of collagenolytic activity, nor does it require the presence of serum. Analysis of the kinetics of lymphocyte penetration into the gel matrix indicates that lymphocytes are migrating in a "random-walk" fashion. Our objective has been to establish a model system for studying the cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions which influence the pattern of lymphocyte recirculation in vivo and the results presented here are discussed in this context.
p73β Is Regulated by Protein Kinase Cδ Catalytic Fragment Generated in the Apoptotic Response to DNA Damage (2002)

Protein kinase C (PKC) delta is cleaved by caspase-3 to a kinase-active catalytic fragment (PKCdeltaCF) in the apoptotic response of cells to DNA damage. Expression of PKCdeltaCF contributes to the induction of apoptosis by mechanisms that are presently unknown. Here we demonstrate that PKCdeltaCF associates with p73beta, a structural and functional homologue of the p53 tumor suppressor. The results show that PKCdeltaCF phosphorylates the p73beta transactivation and DNA-binding domains. One PKCdeltaCF-phosphorylation site has been mapped to Ser-289 in the p73beta DNA-binding domain. PKCdeltaCF-mediated phosphorylation of p73beta is associated with accumulation of p73beta and induction of p73beta-mediated transactivation. By contrast, PKCdeltaCF-induced activation of p73beta is attenuated by mutating Ser-289 to Ala (S289A). The results also demonstrate that PKCdeltaCF stimulates p73beta-mediated apoptosis and that this response is attenuated with the p73beta(S289A) mutant. These findings demonstrate that cleavage of PKCdelta to PKCdeltaCF induces apoptosis by a mechanism in part dependent on PKCdeltaCF-mediated phosphorylation of the p73beta Ser-289 site.
Rhizobialide: A New Stearolactone Produced by <i>Mesorhizobium</i> sp. CCNWGX022, a Rhizobial Endophyte from <i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i> (2007)

The endophytic strain Mesorhizobium sp. CCNWGX022 was isolated from licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) grown in the arid and semi-arid regions of Northwest China. The new stearic acid derived gamma-lactone 1, named rhizobialide (= (5S)-4,5-dihydro-5-(8-oxotetradecyl)furan-2(3H)-one), was isolated from the petroleum-ether extract of the fermentation broth of this strain. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic and mass-spectrometric analysis. This is the first report of this type of compound from rhizobia.
η<sup>2</sup>-dba Complexes of Pd(0):  The Substituent Effect in Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling (2004)

The influence of aryl substituents in dibenzylidene acetone (dba) ligands, for Pd(0) complexes, has been evaluated for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions. Electron-withdrawing substituents such as NO(2) or CF(3) deactivate the catalyst species whereas strongly donating substituents such as OMe increase catalytic activity over that of unsubstituted dba ligands. [reaction: see text]
A Novel Efficient Pattern Matching Packet Inspection by using δ n FA (2012)

Deep packet Inspection is an advanced method of packet filtering that functions at the Application layer of the OSI reference model. Deep Packet Inspection is a form of computer network packet filtering that examines the data part of a packet as it passes an inspection point, searching for protocol ,viruses ,spam, intrusions or predefined criteria to decide if the packet can pass or it needs to be routed to a different destination, or for the purpose of collecting statistical information. Deterministic Finite Automata (DFAs), use large set of rules need a memory amount that turns out to be too large for practical implementation we have presented a new compressed representation for deterministic finite automata, called Delta Finite Automata. The algorithm considerably reduces the number of states and transitions, and it is based on the observation that most adjacent states share several common transitions, so it is convenient to store only the differences between them. In this paper we have presented an improvement to δFA that exploits the Nth-order dependence between states and further reduces the number of transitions by adopting the concept of temporary transition. This schema named as δ n FA. Both the schemes are orthogonal to most of the previous solutions, thus allowing for higher compression rates. A new encoding scheme for states has been also proposed (which we refer to as char state), which exploits the association of many states with a few input chars. Such a compression scheme can be efficiently integrated into δFA and δnFA, allowing a further memory reduction with a negligible increase in the state lookup time. The experimental runs have shown remarkable results in terms of lookup speed as well as the issue of excessive memory consumption.
Compact UHF antenna in aquatic environments for mobile sporting applications (2010)

This paper addresses the challenge of designing a compact UHF antenna for aquatic monitoring systems. In the intended applications, the antenna is to be fixed on different parts of the athlete's body, thus it should be compact in size to avoid any obstruction to the athlete's normal performance.
Inhibitory effect of 2-methyl-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-8-one on melanosome transport and skin pigmentation (2016)

Melanosomes are lysosome-related organelles with specialized capabilities of melanin synthesis and movement mediated by the Rab27a-Melanophilin-MyosinVa protein complex. In this study, we found that 2-methyl-naphtho[1,2,3-de]quinolin-8-one (MNQO) induced melanosome aggregation around the nucleus in melan-a melanocytes and in melan-a melanocytes/SP-1 keratinocyte co-cultures without inducing toxicity or changing the melanin content. Western blot and real-time PCR analyses showed that MNQO decreased expression of the Rab27a, Melanophilin and MyosinVa proteins and mRNAs, respectively, in melan-a melanocytes. In a reconstituted human epidermis model, treatment with 0.001% MNQO reduced skin pigmentation. Also, MNQO reduced skin pigmentation in brown guinea pigs induced by UVB irradiation. These results indicated that regulation of melanosome transport may serve as a good target for new skin depigmenting agents and MNQO itself could be a candidate.
THE RICKETTSIAE (1947)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Test Results of Reliable and Very High Capillary Multi-Evaporators / Condenser Loop (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper presents the results of various SABCA activities in the field of two-phase heat transport, being a critical review and analysis of existing capillary pumped loops, the identification of the needs of future capillary pumped two-phase thermal control systems, the development of capillary evaporators, which incorporates nickel porous structures, that can provide a pumping pressure up to 38000 Pa, and the solving of the problem of capillary pump cavitation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These activities have led towards the development of a reliable multi-evaporator/condenser capillary pumped loop, which is discussed in details.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A test loop configuration is described. The presented results of various tests clearly prove the viability of the concept for future applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Proposed flight demonstrations are presented.</div>
Identification of new central nervous system specific mouse microRNAs (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory molecules suppressing mRNA activity in metazoans. Here we describe two new miRNAs cloned from brain tissue of mouse embryos. These miRNAs are expressed mainly during embryogenesis and specifically in the central nervous system. We also established the expression patterns of three recently identified miRNAs that were found in our short RNA library. All of them were expressed in the brain and spinal chord but while miR-410 and miR-431 were central nervous system specific, miR-500 was also expressed in limb buds. In addition, the expression of miR-500 in limb buds showed very strong asymmetry in favour of the left hand side.
Constructing consumer profiles from social media data (2013)

Social media is playing a growing role in providing consumer feedback to companies about their products and services. To maximize the benefit of this feedback, companies want to know how different consumer-segments they are interested in, such as parents, frequent travelers, and comic book fans react to their products and campaigns. In this paper, we describe how constructing consumer profiles is valuable to obtain such insights. We present the challenges in analyzing noisy social media data and the techniques we employ for building the profiles. We also present detailed experimental results from the analysis of over seven billion messages to construct profiles of over 100 million consumers. We demonstrate how consumer profiles can help in understanding consumer feedback by different key segments using a TV show analysis scenario.
Functional conservation of MADS-box factors controlling floral organ identity in rice and Arabidopsis (2006)

Studies on MADS-box genes in Arabidopsis and other higher eudicotyledonous flowering plants have shown that they are key regulators of flower development. Since Arabidopsis and monocotyledonous rice are distantly related plant species it is interesting to investigate whether the floral organ identity factors have been conserved in their functions, and if not, to understand the differences. Arabidopsis and rice are very suitable for these studies since they are both regarded as models for plant functional genomics. Both their genomes are sequenced and tools are available for the analysis of gene function. These developments have accelerated experiments and increased our knowledge on rice gene function. Therefore it is the right moment to perform a comparative analysis on MADS-box factors controlling floral organ identity as reported in this review.
Erosive Vitreoretinopathy and Wagner Disease Are Caused by Intronic Mutations in<i>CSPG2</i>/<i>Versican</i>That Result in an Imbalance of Splice Variants (2006)

Wagner disease and ERVR are allelic disorders. Seven of the eight families exhibit a variant in intron 7 of CSPG2/Versican. The conspicuous clustering of sequence variants in the splice acceptor site of intron 7 and the consistent upregulation of the V2 and V3 isoforms strongly suggest that Wagner disease and ERVR may belong to a largely overlooked group of diseases that are caused by mRNA isoform balance shifts, representing a novel disease mechanism.
Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to Substituted Isopropylidene Methylenemalonates (1980)

Abstract The conjugate addition of various nucleophilic reagents to unsaturated Knoevenagel-type products derived from Meldrum's acid (the cyclic isopropylidene ester of malonic acid) has been the subject of several investigations1. In most cases the addition occurs rapidly and the adducts are obtained in high yield. The ease with which these conjugate additions take place can be attributed to the special stability of the carbanionic intermediates. The intermediates formed in these reactions are formally anions of monosubstituted isopropylidene malonates and their low basicity can be attributed to the six-membered ring which holds the two carbonyl groups co-planar causing a high degree of conjugative stabilization1.