gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity: prospective evaluation with two-dimensional time-of-flight MR angiography. (1993)

A prospective, blinded comparison of two-dimensional time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance (MR) angiography and conventional arteriography was performed in 25 patients who underwent routine arteriography for symptomatic atherosclerotic occlusive disease of the lower extremity. MR angiography was performed from the distal abdominal aorta through the popliteal trifurcation. The native arterial tree was divided into nine segments; each segment was assessed for patency (defined as stenosis < 50% of arterial diameter), moderate stenosis (50%-69%), severe stenosis (70%-99%), or occlusion (100%). In all 206 segments examined, the sensitivity of MR angiography in diagnosis of occlusion was 100%; the specificity, 98%. All long occlusions were correctly classified. In specific categories of occlusive disease, the sensitivity and specificity were as follows: in all segments with 70% or greater stenosis, including occlusions, 90% and 97%; in all segments with 50% or greater stenosis, including occlusions, 92% and 88%; in femoropopliteal segments with 50% or greater stenosis, 92% and 93%; and in iliac segments, 93% and 83%. Long occlusions were distinguished from short occlusions and stenoses; hence, MR angiography enabled identification of patients with lesions suitable for angioplasty.
The Utility of Proadrenomedullin and Procalcitonin in Comparison to C-Reactive Protein as Predictors of Sepsis and Bloodstream Infections in Critically Ill Patients With Cancer* (2014)

In critically ill patients with cancer, proadrenomedullin and procalcitonin both have a promising role in predicting bloodstream infections in a manner more helpful than C-reactive protein. These two biomarkers were superior to C-reactive protein in the prognostic analysis of response to antimicrobial therapy for those patients with documented infections. However, proadrenomedullin was superior to procalcitonin in predicting response in all febrile patients and was unique in showing increased levels among nonresponders.
De novo transcriptome assembly, polymorphic SSR markers development and population genetics analyses for southern corn rust (Puccinia polysora) (2021)

Southern corn rust is a destructive maize disease caused by Puccinia polysora Underw that can lead to severe yield losses. However, genomic information and microsatellite markers are currently unavailable for this disease. In this study, we generated a total of 27,295,216 high-quality cDNA sequence reads using Illumina sequencing technology. These reads were assembled into 17,496 unigenes with an average length of 1015 bp. The functional annotation indicated that 8113 (46.37%), 1933 (11.04%) and 5516 (31.52%) unigenes showed significant similarity to known proteins in the NCBI Nr, Nt and Swiss-Prot databases, respectively. In addition, 2921 (16.70%) unigenes were assigned to KEGG database categories; 4218 (24.11%), to KOG database categories; and 6,603 (37.74%), to GO database categories. Furthermore, we identified 8,798 potential SSRs among 6653 unigenes. A total of 9 polymorphic SSR markers were developed to evaluate the genetic diversity and population structure of 96 isolates collected from Guangdong Province in China. Clonal reproduction of P. polysora in Guangdong was dominant. The YJ (Yangjiang) population had the highest genotypic diversity and the greatest number of the multilocus genotypes, followed by the HY (Heyuan), HZ (Huizhou) and XY (Xinyi) populations. These results provide valuable information for the molecular genetic analysis of P. polysora and related species.
Case Study: Application of a Viscoelastic Surfactant-Based CO2-Compatible Fracturing Fluid in the Frontier Formation, Big Horn Basin, Wyoming (2007)

Abstract CO2 based fluids are commonly used to fracture stimulate formations with low reservoir pressure as well as formations that are more sensitive to water treatments (high capillary pressure, swelling clays etc). In particular, the Frontier Formation located in Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, has seen a variety of stimulation fluids used over the past years with varying degrees of success. When dealing with water sensitive formations, a common practice has been to use oil-based fluids. However, fluids of this nature can have detrimental effects on gas zones with low reservoir pressure and this might be the reason for erratic well performance of previously treated Frontier completions. It has also been determined that oil-based fluids can alter the reservoir wettability and hence cause formation damage. With this in mind and considering the environmental and economical benefits of using a water-based fracturing fluid, a novel visco-elastic surfactant based, CO2-compatible, high foam quality (&gt;60%) fluid was proposed as the main fracturing fluid. This paper will discuss the first application of this visco-elastic based fluid on wells in Park County, Wyoming. This paper will discuss stimulation with the new fluid and how pin-point pressure measurement enabled the operator to make informed decisions to define fracturing/completion strategy. We also present the additional benefits of incorporating existing dipole sonic tool information to calibrate "in-situ" stress, Young's Modulus and Poisson's ratio. Finally, a production history match is conducted on wells treated with the new fluid.
Comportamiento de tubos circulares de hormigón simple producidos con adición de caucho de neumáticos (2016)

In this work we have studied the performance of simple concrete pipes produced with the incorporation of rubber tires with contents of 10, 15 and 20 kg/m of concrete. The experimental program included diametral compression strength and water absorption tests. Twelve pipes were tested and divided into four sets of three pipes of nominal diameter (ND) of 600 mm and length of 1500 mm. Each series consisted of three pipes stub and bag (SB), one control (without rubber tires), and three sets incorporating rubber pipes on the trace (TB1, TB2 and TB3). All test results showed diametrical compressive strength values higher than that specified the NBR 8890 standard, with respect to simple concrete pipes PS2 class: type SB with ND 600 mm, which is 36 kN/m. In the water absorption test all pipes had absorption values less than the maximum established in the NBR 8890 standard, which is 8%. It can be concluded from the results and specific conditions of the tests conducted, that the tire rubber has the potential to be incorporated into the manufacture of simple concrete pipes. However, it is stated that it is necessary to increase the knowledge about the behavior of concretes incorporating rubber tire.
Radiation efficiency and apparent stress of small earthquakes in a South African gold mine (2005)

Nine triaxial borehole accelerometers were installed within 200 m along a 2650‐m‐deep haulage tunnel in the Mponeng gold mine in South Africa. We analyzed the high sample rate recordings (15 kHz) to determine source parameters of small earthquakes in the mine. To study the source processes, we carried out multiple time window waveform inversions for five larger events (0.8 < M < 1.4) that occurred within 150 m of the stations. From the inversion results we could determine the fault planes for all five events and estimate the range of rupture speed. We can conclude that rupture speeds were faster than 2.5 km/s (65% of the shear wave velocity). The radiation efficiency is written as a function of the rupture speed and becomes greater with increasing rupture speed. This study indicates that radiation efficiencies of small earthquakes in the South African gold mine are almost equal to those of larger natural earthquakes. We also calculated radiated seismic energies and static stress drops of the five events to investigate their apparent stresses. Apparent stresses of the five events were from 1 to 10 MPa and static stress drops were 1 to 20 MPa. We found that the source parameters (rupture speed, apparent stress, radiation efficiency, and static stress drop) did not largely differ from values for larger natural earthquakes. This suggests that the dynamic rupture processes of these small events were similar to those of the larger natural earthquakes.
AAA Authorization Application Examples (2000)

This memo describes several examples of applications requiring authorization. Each application is described in terms of a consistent framework, and specific authorization requirements of each application are given. This material was not contributed by the working groups responsible for the applications and should not be considered prescriptive for how the applications will meet their authorization needs. Rather the intent is to explore the fundamental needs of a variety of different applications with the view of compiling a set of requirements that an authorization protocol will need to meet in order to be generally useful.
Long‐chain monounsaturated fatty acid‐rich fish oil attenuates the development of atherosclerosis in mouse models (2016)

Our research showed for the first time that LCMUFA consumption protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis, possibly by upregulating the PPAR signaling pathway.
Techniques for Feature Extraction In Speech Recognition System : A Comparative Study (2013)

The time domain waveform of a speech signal carries all of the auditory information. From the phonological point of view, it little can be said on the basis of the waveform itself. However, past research in mathematics, acoustics, and speech technology have provided many methods for converting data that can be considered as information if interpreted correctly. In order to find some statistically relevant information from incoming data, it is important to have mechanisms for reducing the information of each segment in the audio signal into a relatively small number of parameters, or features. These features should describe each segment in such a characteristic way that other similar segments can be grouped together by comparing their features. There are enormous interesting and exceptional ways to describe the speech signal in terms of parameters. Though, they all have their strengths and weaknesses, we have presented some of the most used methods with their importance.
Switching system for single antenna operation of an S-band FMCW radar (1994)

Increasing interest is being shown in frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars due to their advantages of compact size, low peak power requirement, good range resolution and low interference to other systems. A major disadvantage of FMCW systems is the need to use two separate, well shielded antennas for transmission and reception. Several schemes have been devised to enable FMCW radars to operate with a single antenna. The authors describe a ground based S-band ocean surface remote sensing FMCW radar that has been adapted for single antenna operation by alternately switching the single antenna between the transmitter and the receiver. Even though this frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW) system is no longer a true continuous wave radar, the essential properties of the FMCW waveform are preserved, provided some conditions on the switching speed and FMCW parameters are met. The purpose of the radar is to deduce ocean wave and current parameters by measuring ocean surface velocities. The radar was tested operationally by comparing ocean surface data from both the single antenna (FMICW) and dual antenna (FMCW) systems recorded under similar conditions.
Bcl10 and Malt1 control lysophosphatidic acid-induced NF-κB activation and cytokine production (2006)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a potent bioactive phospholipid that stimulates a variety of cellular responses by acting on cognate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There is increasing evidence that LPA signaling reprograms gene expression, but the GPCR-induced pathways connecting LPA receptor stimulation to downstream transcription factors are not well characterized. Here, we identify the adapter proteins Bcl10 and Malt1 as essential mediators of LPA-induced NF-kappaB activation. Both proteins were previously known to activate NF-kappaB in response to antigen receptor ligation on lymphocytes, but their functions in nonimmune cells are still largely undefined. By using murine embryonic fibroblasts from Bcl10- or Malt1-deficient mice as a genetic model, we report that Bcl10 and Malt1 are critically required for the degradation of IkappaB-alpha and the subsequent NF-kappaB induction in response to LPA stimulation. Bcl10 and Malt1 cooperate with PKCs selectively for LPA-induced NF-kappaB activation but are dispensable for the activation of the Jnk, p38, Erk MAP kinase, and Akt signaling pathways. In a biological readout, we demonstrate that LPA-induced IL-6 production is abolished in the absence of Bcl10. Thus, our results identify a NF-kappaB-inducing signaling pathway downstream of GPCRs and reveal previously unrecognized functions for Bcl10/Malt1 signaling in nonimmune cells.
Classical and novel directions in neurotrophin transport and research: Anterograde transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor by sensory neurons (1999)

After the discovery of nerve growth factor, a classic model of neurotrophin action was developed. In this model, nerve endings compete for limited quantities of neurotrophic factors produced in neuronal target tissues. Neurotrophins are bound with high-affinity receptors expressed on the neuronal membrane and then endocytosed and retrogradely transported back to the cell body of responsive neurons. This classic model of target derived trophic support has been utilized to explain a wide range of trophic actions including effects on neuronal survival, terminal branching, and protein expression. However, a number of recent findings in the field of neurotrophin research cannot be explained using the classic model. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), sensory neurons have been shown to contain mRNA for a member of the neurotrophin family, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Sensory neurons do not receive synaptic input so neurotrophin production by these cells does not fit into the classic target derived model. In contrast to target derived trophic support, BDNF produced by sensory neurons provides local autocrine and paracrine neurotrophic support in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo, sensory neurons transport BDNF in the anterograde direction away from the cell body, and opposite to the retrograde direction utilized in the classic model. Thus, out of necessity, a new direction for neurotrophin research has developed to study the production and anterograde transport of neurotrophins. The importance of this new mode of neurotrophin action in the PNS is indicated by results that implicate it in the response to pain, inflammation, and nerve injury.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent Thienothiadiazole Dyes with Large Stokes Shifts and High Photostability (2017)

A series of near-infrared (NIR) organic emissive materials were synthesized and the photophysical properties analyzed. The donor-acceptor-donor materials were designed with thienopyrazine and thienothiadiazole acceptor groups with thiophene-, furan-, and triphenylamine-based donor groups. The absorption and emission spectra were found to be widely tunable on the basis of the donor and acceptor groups selected. Computational analysis confirms these materials undergo an intramolecular charge-transfer event upon photoexcitation. Large Stokes shifts of ∼150 nm were observed and rationalized by computational analysis of geometry changes in the excited state. Fluorescence studies on the dye series reveal maximum peak emission wavelengths near 900 nm and a quantum yield exceeding 16% for 4,6-bis(2-thienyl)thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole. Additionally, several dyes were found to have reasonable quantum yields within this NIR region (>1%), with emission wavelengths reaching 1000 nm at the emission curve onset. Photostability studies were conducted on these materials in an ambient oxygen environment, revealing excellent stability in the presence of oxygen from all the dyes studied relative to a benchmark cyanine dye (ICG) during photoexcitation with exceptional photostability from the 4,6-bis(5'-dodecyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-yl)thieno[3,4-c][1,2,5]thiadiazole derivative.
Vibroflotation Compaction of Cohesionless Soils (1977)

Vibroflotation uses a horizontally vibrating probe to densify in-situ cohesionless soils with simultaneous vibration and saturation. The method is described in general terms and each factor affecting the density achieved is analyzed in detail. An example test program is presented which was used to investigate the influence of in-situ soil type, backfill gradation, probe withdrawal rate, and probe spacing on the densities achieved. The densities achieved decreased with increasing probe withdrawal rate and probe spacing. Coarse granular soils were easier to compact and were more suitable backfill material than fine granular soils. A rating system is presented for evaluating the suitability of alternate backfill materials. Recommended inspection and quality control procedures are provided for verifying that adequate densities have been achieved.
Structural characterization of C <sub>60</sub> nanowhiskers formed by the liquid/liquid interfacial precipitation method (2003)

Abstract The structure of C 60 whiskers fabricated by using the liquid/liquid interfacial precipitation method is analysed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The C 60 whiskers with submicrometre diameters, named ‘C 60 nanowhiskers (C 60 NWs)’, contain (002) c planar faults, and the centre‐to‐centre distance between the C 60 molecules along the growth axis of C 60 NWs is shortened ∼1% compared with that of pristine C 60 crystals, indicating the formation of chemical bondings between the C 60 molecules along [110] c ([100] t ) close‐packed directions of the C 60 NWs. The electrical resistivity of C 60 whiskers decreased on decreasing their diameter. This result suggests that the C 60 NWs are electrically conductive. The C 60 whiskers are very flexible and could form a semicircle with a curvature radius of 38 µm. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shelterin: the protein complex that shapes and safeguards human telomeres (2005)

Added by telomerase, arrays of TTAGGG repeats specify the ends of human chromosomes. A complex formed by six telomere-specific proteins associates with this sequence and protects chromosome ends. By analogy to other chromosomal protein complexes such as condensin and cohesin, I will refer to this complex as shelterin. Three shelterin subunits, TRF1, TRF2, and POT1 directly recognize TTAGGG repeats. They are interconnected by three additional shelterin proteins, TIN2, TPP1, and Rap1, forming a complex that allows cells to distinguish telomeres from sites of DNA damage. Without the protective activity of shelterin, telomeres are no longer hidden from the DNA damage surveillance and chromosome ends are inappropriately processed by DNA repair pathways. How does shelterin avert these events? The current data argue that shelterin is not a static structural component of the telomere. Instead, shelterin is emerging as a protein complex with DNA remodeling activity that acts together with several associated DNA repair factors to change the structure of the telomeric DNA, thereby protecting chromosome ends. Six shelterin subunits: TRF1, TRF2, TIN2, Rap1, TPP1, and POT1.
Gene delivery with viral vectors for cerebrovascular diseases (2012)

Recent achievements in the understanding of molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) injury have made gene transfer a promising approach for various neurological disorders, including cerebrovascular diseases. However, special obstacles, including the post-mitotic nature of neurons and the blood-brain barrier (BBB), constitute key challenges for gene delivery to the CNS. Despite the various limitations in current gene delivery systems, a spectrum of viral vectors has been successfully used to deliver genes to the CNS. Furthermore, recent advancements in vector engineering have improved the safety and delivery of viral vectors. Numerous viral vector-based clinical trials for neurological disorders have been initiated. This review will summarize the current implementation of viral gene delivery in the context of cerebrovascular diseases including ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). In particular, we will discuss the potentially feasible ways in which viral vectors can be manipulated and exploited for use in neural delivery and therapy.
Synthesis of 4‐acyl‐and 235 4‐alkenyl‐3,5‐dimethylisothiazole derivatives (1988)

Abstract 4‐Acyl‐ and 4‐alkenyl‐3,5‐dimethylisothiazole derivatives, not available by direct electrophilic substitution [1–5] have been prepared from 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐isothiazolylcarbonitrile 1 and the corresponding aldehyde 2 in satisfactory yields. Both compounds, 1 and 2 , are readily obtained from 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐iodoisothiazole, whose preparation we have previously reported [6].
The impact of interprocedural analysis and optimization on the design of a software development environment (1985)

One of the primary goals of the IR n programming environment project is to mount a concerted attack on the problems of performing interprocedural analysis and optimization in a compiler. Few commercial optimizing compilers employ interprocedural techniques because the cost of gathering the requisite information in a traditional compiler is too great. Computing the side effects of a procedure call requires detailed knowledge of the internals of both the called procedure and any procedures invoked either directly or indirectly from it. Thus, the compiler potentially needs information about the internals of every procedure to determine the side effects of procedure calls, even separately compiled procedures. Gathering this information would require examining the source of every procedure in the program - an expensive process, particularly unfortunate since the primary goal of separate compilation is to reduce the amount of recompilation required in response to changes in an individual procedure. The existence of a software development environment like the IR n programming environment [HoKe 84] changes the compilation process enough to make computing such information palatable. Since all modules are developed and all programs are defined using tools of the environment, these tools can cooperate to record the information necessary to do a good job of interprocedural analysis and optimization. Whenever the compiler needs information about possible side effects of a particular procedure, it can simply extract this information from the environment's central database. Because the only mechanism for changing modules or programs is through the tools provided by the environment, the compiler is assured that it will be notified of any changes. Thus, it can use information derived from previous analysis with certain knowledge that the information reflects the current state of the program and its procedures.