gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical robotics — chemotactic drug carriers (2013)

Abstract In this review we show and describe a concept of designing autonomously moving artificial cells (chemical robots) carrying drugs and having tactic behavior based on artificial chemotaxis. Such systems could help to provide new and more efficient drug delivery applications. Chemical robot can be constructed based on the self-organization — natural “bottom-up” way — of fatty acid or lipid molecules into ordered nano- or micrometer size objects that have the ability to move and respond to environmental stimuli. The idea of using tactic carriers in drug delivery applications can be justified by the fact that cancer sites in the living body have different physiological characters (lower pH and higher resting temperature) compared to normal cells. The proposed “bottom-up” design method for self-propelled objects at small scales for targeted drug delivery applications could realize the original designation of nanoscience proposed 50 years ago by Richard Feynman.
Orientation of axes in the elbow and forearm for biomechanical modelling (2002)

To determine the three-dimensional positions and orientations of axes of rotation for elbow flexion and forearm prosupination, the flexion-extension and prosupination movements were measured for five arms. Four right and one arm were taken from four fresh cadavers. Movement was measured with a electromagnetic tracking systems. Axes were found to be almost perpendicular (88.9/spl plusmn/5.1/spl deg/) and crossed at 3.3/spl plusmn/0.8 mm. It is suggested that arm movements can be modelled with a two degree-of-freedom model.
A novel molecular interaction for the adhesion of follicular CD4 T cells to follicular DC (2009)

Nectins and Nectin-like molecules (Necl) play a critical role in cell polarity within epithelia and in the nervous and reproductive systems. Recently, immune receptors specific for Nectins/Necl have been described. Since the expression and distribution of Nectins/Necl is often subverted during tumorigenesis, it has been suggested that the immune system may use these receptors to recognize and eliminate tumors. Here we describe a novel immunoreceptor, Washington University Cell Adhesion Molecule, which is expressed on human follicular B helper T cells (TFH) and binds a Nectin/Necl family member, the poliovirus receptor (PVR), under both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PVR is abundantly expressed by follicular DC (FDC) within the germinal center. These results reveal a novel molecular interaction that mediates adhesion of TFH to FDC and provide the first evidence that immune receptors for Nectins/Necl may be involved the generation of T cell-dependent antibody responses.
Video denoising using 2D and 3D dual-tree complex wavelet transforms (2003)

The denoising of video data should take into account both temporal and spatial dimensions, however, true 3D transforms are rarely used for video denoising. Separable 3-D transforms have artifacts that degrade their performance in applications. This paper describes the design and application of the non-separable oriented 3-D dual-tree wavelet transform for video denoising. This transform gives a motion-based multi-scale decomposition for video - it isolates in its subbands motion along different directions. In addition, we investigate the denoising of video using the 2-D and 3-D dual-tree oriented wavelet transforms, where the 2-D transform is applied to each frame individually.
Theoretical analysis of spectral precision in spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (2018)

Spectroscopic single-molecule localization microscopy (sSMLM) is a novel super-resolution imaging technology, which simultaneously records the nanoscopic location and the corresponding full emission spectrum of every stochastic single-molecule emission event. This spectroscopic imaging capability of sSMLM necessitates the establishment of a theoretical foundation of the newly introduced spectral precision and to guide the system design and optimization. Based on numerical simulation and analytical solution, we introduced such a theoretical model to analyze spectral precision by considering the main system parameters, including signal and background shot noises, readout noise, and the spectral calibration procedure. Using this model, we demonstrated the delicate balance among these parameters in achieving the optimal spectral precision and discovered that the best spectral precision can only be achieved at a particular system spectral dispersion. For example, with a given signal of 3000 photons and a readout noise of 2 e-, a system spectral dispersion of 1.6 nm/pixel is required for sSMLM to achieve the highest spectral precision of 1.31 nm.
Joint Commission activities. IM.2: confidentiality, security, and integrity. (1994)

Confidentiality of data and information has always been at the center of the HIM profession. We have been advocates and educators for years. We must not abandon this practice. It is more important now than ever. I would like to close with a challenge. Be an ambassador for confidentiality--educate others.
Design of a Gaze-Sensitive Virtual Social Interactive System for Children With Autism (2011)

Impairments in social communication skills are thought to be core deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In recent years, several assistive technologies, particularly Virtual Reality (VR), have been investigated to promote social interactions in this population. It is well known that children with ASD demonstrate atypical viewing patterns during social interactions and thus monitoring eye-gaze can be valuable to design intervention strategies. While several studies have used eye-tracking technology to monitor eye-gaze for offline analysis, there exists no real-time system that can monitor eye-gaze dynamically and provide individualized feedback. Given the promise of VR-based social interaction and the usefulness of monitoring eye-gaze in real-time, a novel VR-based dynamic eye-tracking system is developed in this work. This system, called Virtual Interactive system with Gaze-sensitive Adaptive Response Technology (VIGART), is capable of delivering individualized feedback based on a child's dynamic gaze patterns during VR-based interaction. Results from a usability study with six adolescents with ASD are presented that examines the acceptability and usefulness of VIGART. The results in terms of improvement in behavioral viewing and changes in relevant eye physiological indexes of participants while interacting with VIGART indicate the potential of this novel technology.
Effects of Fibrin Glue on Postsurgical Adhesions after Uterine or Ovarian Surgery in Rabbits (1997)

Fibrin glue was useful in preventing postoperative adhesions of the reproductive organs in rabbits.
Precise omnidirectional camera calibration (2005)

Recent omnidirectional camera designs aim a conventional camera at a mirror that expands the camera's field of view. This wide view is ideal for three-dimensional vision tasks such as motion estimation and obstacle detection, but these applications require an accurate model of the imaging process. We present a full model of the imaging process, which includes the rotation and translation between the camera and mirror, and an algorithm that determines this relative position from observations of known points in a single image. We present tests of the model and of the calibration procedure for various amounts of misalignment between the mirror and camera. These tests show that the algorithm recovers the correct relative position, and that by using the full model, accurate shape-from-motion and stereo matching are possible even if the camera and mirror are severely misaligned.
Higher Polyhedral Silsesquioxane (POSS) Cage by Amine-catalyzed Condensation of Silanols and Related Siloxanes (2007)

Abstract Amine-catalyzed condensation of silanols (1a and 1b) and related siloxanes (1c–1f) provided polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) (2a, 2e, 3f, 4a, 4f, and 5f) in moderate yields. Although phenyl, o-methylphenyl (o-MePh) and vinyl (Vi) substituted silanols (1a and 1b) and siloxanes (1c–1f) gave a separable mixture of cage compounds, amine catalyst showed the selectivity of higher cage formation.
STATESPACE SOLUTIONS TO STANDARD 2 H AND H? CONTROL PROBLEMS (1989)

Simple state-space formulas are derived for all controllers solving the following standard H∞ problem: For a given number γ>0, find all controllers such that the H∞ norm of the closed-loop transfer function is (strictly) less than γ. It is known that a controller exists if and only if the unique stabilizing solutions to two algebraic Riccati equations are positive definite and the spectral radius of their product is less than γ2. Under these conditions, a parameterization of all controllers solving the problem is given as a linear fractional transformation (LFT) on a contractive, stable, free parameter. The state dimension of the coefficient matrix for the LFT, constructed using the two Riccati solutions, equals that of the plant and has a separation structure reminiscent of classical LQG (i.e. H2) theory. This paper is intended to be of tutorial value, so a standard H2 solution is developed in parallel.
Conservation of components of the export machinery in prokaryotes (1991)

The SecA and SecB proteins are involved in protein translocation in Escherichia coli. Immunoblot analysis was used to investigate the possible conservation of these proteins in prokaryotes. Cross-reacting proteins were detected in all other Enterobacteriaceae tested, but not in microorganisms more distantly related from Escherichia coli.
Distribution of Topiramate in a Medical Examiner's Case (1999)

Topimarate (Topamax) is a novel antiepileptic drug. Its mode of action is multifactorial and involves blockage of voltage-dependent sodium channels. The drug was detected in a 15-year-old epileptic who died soon after switching seizure prescriptions. Topimarate was recovered by basic extraction with ethyl acetate and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using selected ion monitoring. Ions monitored were m/z 324 and m/z 110 for topiramate and m/z 98 for the internal standard mepivacane. The drug was quantitated in blood, vitreous humor, bile, stomach content, and liver: the concentrations were 8.9, 12.4, and 10.9 mg/L, 31 mg/total content, and 29 mg/kg, respectively. Topiramate was detected in urine but not quantitated. Other drugs identified in this case were 0.45 mg/L nordiazepam and 0.05 mg/L oxazepam in blood. No alcohol was detected in any of the specimens. The cause of death was seizure disorder with upper respiratory infection. The manner of death was determined as natural. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the presence of topiramate in postmortem specimens.
Detection of bladder cancers using a SAMBA 200 cell image processor. (1986)

The cell image analysis of urinary sediments was performed using a SAMBA 200 system. Cell profiles were created using 18 parameters related to size, shape, densitometry and chromatin texture. Learning sets of about 50 cell images per class were constructed for bening, degenerated benign, atypical, malignant and degenerated malignant urothelial cell types as well as for squamous epithelial and white blood cell types. A four-level hierarchic decision tree involving a discriminant analysis at each node was designed and then evaluated against a test set of 700 cells from the various classes. All of the cell images involved in this study were acquired from Papanicolaou-stained specimens obtained for routine screening. In spite of some misclassification errors, the analysis of the occurrence of cells in the various classes, especially the percentage of cells classified as suspicious (both atypical and malignant cells), by the SAMBA 200 system resulted in the separate clustering of the positive specimens (49 carcinomas grade II and higher) and the negative ones (26 benign samples). The preliminary results suggest that the cell population features (occurrence rate of cells in the various classes and mean cell profile within a class) may be of diagnostic value in designing a classifier dedicated to the prescreening of urinary sediments for the detection of bladder cancers.
PBTI mechanisms in La containing Hf-based oxides assessed by very Fast IV measurements (2010)

PBTI in La-doped HfSiON/TiN stacks is investigated using Ultra Fast IV measurements. Excellent PBTI lifetime of these oxides is demonstrated. We also show that PBTI is explained only by trapping in stress induced defects and not by trapping in pre-existing ones. Dependence on oxide field, temperature activation and recovery of PBTI are also investigated and modeled.
Effect of Pb free Alloy Composition on Drop/Impact Reliability of 0.4, 0.5 & 0.8mm Pitch Chip Scale Packages with NiAu Pad Finish (2007)

Recent industry data show that the drop/impact reliability of Chip Scale Packages has been detrimentally affected by switching to SAC alloys with Ag percent equal to or greater than 3%. The primary cause of this is attributed to the higher strength and lower ductility of SAC305 and SAC405 alloys compared to SnPb solder, resulting in higher stresses at IMC layers and causing interfacial failures. While previous study [1] focused on Cu OSP finish for the packages, the study reported here is a comprehensive collection of data for NiAu pad finish using various solder alloys. The alloys considered had Ag percent varying from 1.0 to 3.0%, Cu % from 0.1 to 0.7%, and small amount of Ni, In, Co, and Ge addition to the main SAC system. Metallurgical studies were performed on identifying the IMCs and their growth with time and temperature for these alloys. Additionally, a number of board level drop tests (JESD22-B111) were performed on 0.4, 0.5, and 0.8 mm pitch CSP devices using different ball sizes and solder alloys. Finally, the data was compared against the optimum Pb free alloy solution for Cu OSP substrates. The results show that while three element SAC alloy is sufficient of NiAu surface finish, the Ag content has to reduce to gain appreciable increase in drop performance. The effect of Cu % alone in solder alloy was not found to be significant for drop performance improvement. Also, the Sn1.2Ag0.5Cu0.05Ni alloy that worked best for Cu OSP finish [1] did not perform as good as Sn1.0Ag0.5Cu alloy for NiAu finish.
<i>Rex-1</i>, a Gene Encoding a Transcription Factor Expressed in the Early Embryo, Is Regulated via Oct-3/4 and Oct-6 Binding to an Octamer Site and a Novel Protein, Rox-1, Binding to an Adjacent Site (1998)

The Rex-1 (Zfp-42) gene, which encodes an acidic zinc finger protein, is expressed at high levels in embryonic stem (ES) and F9 teratocarcinoma cells. Prior analysis identified an octamer motif in the Rex-1 promoter which is required for promoter activity in undifferentiated F9 cells and is involved in retinoic acid (RA)-associated reduction in expression. We show here that the Oct-3/4 transcription factor, but not Oct-1, can either activate or repress the Rex-1 promoter, depending on the cellular environment. Rex-1 repression is enhanced by E1A. The protein domain required for Oct-3/4 activation was mapped to amino acids 1 to 35, whereas the domain required for Oct-3/4 repression was mapped to amino acids 61 to 126, suggesting that the molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional activation and repression differ. Like Oct-3/4, Oct-6 can also lower the expression of the Rex-1 promoter via the octamer site, and the amino-terminal portion of Oct-6 mediates this repression. In addition to the octamer motif, a novel positive regulatory element, located immediately 5' of the octamer motif, was identified in the Rex-1 promoter. Mutations in this element greatly reduce Rex-1 promoter activity in F9 cells. High levels of a binding protein(s), designated Rox-1, recognize this novel DNA element in F9 cells, and this binding activity is reduced following RA treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that the Rex-1 promoter is regulated by specific octamer family members in early embryonic cells and that a novel element also contributes to Rex-1 expression.
Faraday cup detector array with electronic multiplexing for multichannel mass spectrometry (2002)

A Faraday cup detector array (FCDA) and electronic multiplexing circuit have been developed for position sensitive ion beam detection. The entire FCDA always remains open to intercept the incident ion beam flux, and each cup is periodically and sequentially discharged through the electronic multiplexer. This produces true multichannel ion beam detection since none of the incident ion beam flux is lost, as is the case for scanning position sensitive detectors, and higher sensitivity detection is thus obtained. The FCDA consists of a one-dimensional or two-dimensional array of individual cups which are electrostatically isolated from each other by means of an intervening ground conductor, with resulting fill factors F of 58% to 85%. Each cup acts as a charge collector and integrator which is quickly discharged during the readout to create a time-multiplexed output signal that gives the position distribution of the ion beam. When N cups are sequentially scanned and read out, the ion collection efficiency is F(1−r/N), where r is the fraction of a clock cycle that is used for resetting the integrating capacitor. With a typical r=0.2, a 64 element array thus provides an ion collection efficiency of better than 0.997F. The device measures absolute ion currents, and has a wide dynamic range from less than 1 pA to more than 100 nA with less than 70 dB of cross talk between cups. The integration of the electronic multiplexer with the FCDA allows the combined unit to operate within a vacuum chamber by means of only a six-pin feedthrough. The FDCA and electronic multiplexer have been used as a position sensitive ion detector in a compact mass spectrometer to produce better than 1 amu resolution over a 200 amu span with a sensitivity of less than 0.8 pA at a 10:1 signal-to-noise ratio.
Nox1 Is Involved in Angiotensin II–Mediated Hypertension (2005)

A pivotal role for ROSs derived from Nox1/NADPH oxidase was suggested in the pressor response to Ang II by reducing the bioavailability of nitric oxide.
PROPERTIES OF WOLLASTONITE AND DIOPSIDE WITH ADMIXTURES OF TiO <sub>2/</sub> ZrO <sub>2</sub> , AND SiO <sub>2</sub> * (1945)

A bstract Diopside and wollastonite from natural sources were mixed with TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 . The firing and fired properties were studied. Certain admixtures were found to improve the color of the fired materials and at the same time produced exceptionally hard bodies of high density. Summary All of the mixtures of wollastonite or diopside with TiO 2 , ZrO 2 , and SiO 2 showed the short firing range typical of the alkaline earth silicates. Exceptionally high hardness and density were obtained with many of the compositions. The color of wollastonite showed the greatest improvement with 15% of TiO 2 and that of diopside with 10 to 25% of ZrO 2 .
IgA antiendomysium antibodies have a high positive predictive value for celiac disease in asymptomatic patients (1994)

Many attempts have been made to find screening tests for celiac disease to reduce the need for biopsy, or to achieve better selection criteria before intestinal biopsy. We have recently analyzed apparently healthy blood donors for antigliadin antibodies (AGA) to select subjects for further gastrointestinal investigation. A prevalence of gluten enteropathy of at least 1/256 was found in this population. The positive predictive value (+PV), however, was only 20%. In the present study we have analyzed IgA antiendomysium antibodies (IgA-EmA) to estimate the sensitivity and specificity of the test, and determine whether or not the +PV of the assay increases when screening for adult celiac disease in an asymptomatic population. We found that asymptomatic persons with celiac disease may have IgA-EmA. We found a 100% specificity of IgA-EmA in the tested population of blood donors, whereas the sensitivity was about the same as that of IgA-AGA. This result of a +PV of 100% indicates that a positive IgA-EmA could replace biopsy in diagnosing celiac disease. However, further extended studies are needed to determine whether this is applicable in other populations. To screen patients for celiac disease, we recommend the easy and cheap IgA-AGA assay as a preliminary test and the IgA-EmA to verify the diagnosis and avoid unnecessary biopsies.
Role of lymphokine-activated killer cells as mediators of veto and natural suppression. (1988)

Fresh bone marrow cells have veto activity but little if any NK activity. By contrast, lymphokine-activated bone marrow cells have potent natural suppressor as well as veto activity, and also have cytolytic activity characteristic of lymphokine-activated killer cells. Veto activity of fresh bone marrow cells is eliminated by 9 Gy irradiation and by depletion of cells expressing Qa-2, but is unaffected by removal of cells expressing Thy-1, Qa-5, Ly-5, or asialo GM1. By contrast, the veto and NS activities of lymphokine-activated bone marrow cells are both abrogated by C lysis depletion of cells expressing Qa-2, Qa-5, Thy-1, asialo GM1, NK1, and Ly-11, but are unaffected by depletion of cells expressing Ly-2. Bone marrow cells depleted of Qa2+ cells fail to generate veto or natural suppressor activity when cultured in Con A-conditioned medium, unlike bone marrow cells depleted of mature NK1.1+ NK cells. Cloned NK cell line F8 is able to mediate both natural suppression and veto. These findings indicate that bone marrow veto and natural suppression are not mediated by T or NK cells present de novo in the bone marrow, but are dependent on proliferating cells that phenotypically resemble pre-NK cells. The progeny of these cells have the phenotype and functional activity of lymphokine-activated killer cells, and are capable of directly mediating both veto and natural suppression.
Transition-Metal- and Halogen-Free Oxidation of Benzylic sp3 C–H Bonds to Carbonyl Groups Using Potassium Persulfate (2017)

Aryl carbonyl compounds including acetophenones, benzophenones, imides, and benzoic acids are prepared from benzyl substrates using potassium persulfate as oxidant with catalytic pyridine in acetonitrile under mild conditions. Neither transition metals nor halogens are involved in the reactions.
Process-Oriented Knowledge Management For Learning Software Organizations (1999)

This paper discusses how a process-centered knowledge management and coordination support approach can be used to create learning software organizations. We discuss how process models can be used in project planning and how project plans can be enacted. Then we illustrate how a feedback loop can be created to update the process model stored in an experience factory. The result is a knowledge management approach that is process-oriented and supports continuous process improvement. 1. INTRODUCTION Creating effective knowledge management structures is one of the key factors in software process improvement initiatives (like the Capability Maturity Model, Spice, Trillium, etc.). Most often the knowledge management needs are only mentioned implicitly. Specific organizational structures (e. g. a software process group) are developed for the purpose of managing and distributing knowledge about software development. These structures are costly to maintain and improving the efficiency of their...