gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Value of Information (2002)

Abstract A library creates and maintains a catalog as a tool to assist users in finding information resources. It is possible to identify the value that has been added indirectly to the information package or directly to the library's catalog as a result of the cataloging process. The value of a MARC record will vary significantly-depending upon the library or user of the record. Formulas are presented so that an individual library can calculate the value of a MARC bibliographic record, authority record as well as the location/status information, which can be a valuable asset for some organizations. While a library's physical collection may decline in coming years, the value of the library catalog to provide access to both the library's physical collection and to electronic resources will only increase. Understanding the actual value of the information components of a library's catalog allows librarians to be better informed about the costs and benefits of maintaining or enhancing a library's catalog.
Crystal Phase Transition of HfO^2 Films Evaporated by Plasma Ion-Assisted Deposition (2007)

HfO2 film structure and optical property were evaluated by a variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, indicating crystal phase transition as a result of plasma ion momentum transfer during deposition. The film inhomogeneity, surface roughness and crystal phase were confirmed by SEM cross-section, AFM and XRD measurements.
ACTH Action on StAR Biology (2016)

Adrenocorticotropin hormone (ACTH) produced by the anterior pituitary stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis by the adrenal cortex. The first step in glucocorticoid synthesis is the delivery of cholesterol to the mitochondrial matrix where the first enzymatic reaction in the steroid hormone biosynthetic pathway occurs. A key response of adrenal cells to ACTH is activation of the cAMP-protein kinase A (PKA) signaling pathway. PKA activation results in an acute increase in expression and function of the Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (StAR). StAR plays an essential role in steroidogenesis- it controls the hormone-dependent movement of cholesterol across the mitochondrial membranes. Currently StAR's mechanism of action remains a major unanswered question in the field. However, some insight may be gained from understanding the mechanism(s) controlling the PKA-dependent phosphorylation of StAR at S194/195 (mouse/human StAR), a modification that is required for function. This mini-review provides a background on StAR's biology with a focus on StAR phosphorylation. The model for StAR translation and phosphorylation at the outer mitochondrial membrane, the location for StAR function, is presented to highlight a unifying theme emerging from diverse studies.
Distribution and Activity of Amphotericin B in Humans (1985)

Concentrations of amphotericin B (AmB) in tissues obtained at autopsy from eight patients were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The patients had received doses of 101-2,688 mg of antibiotic. Highest concentrations of the drug were found in the liver; in one patient the amount of AmB in the liver was 41% of the total dose. No evidence of metabolism of the drug was observed, and bioassay of ethanol extracts of tissue showed that the drug retained activity. Three of the patients had histologic evidence of aspergillar or candidal infection in tissues with concentrations of AmB ranging from 2.5 to 166 micrograms/g. With two patients, the concentrations of the drug in the tissues exceeded by greater than or equal to 10-fold the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the drug in isolates that had been obtained from the same tissues. Unknown factors present in tissues appear to limit the in vivo activity of AmB.
Quality of service support in 1x EV-do revision a systems (2007)

Quality of service (QoS) support in wireless data networks becomes ever more imperative in the face of rapid introduction of multimedia services into the wireless domain. In this paper, we discuss the limitations of supporting end-to-end QoS applications in the current 1x EV-DO Release 0 system. We give an overview of the newly developed CDMA2000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> standards framework that allows flow-based QoS authorization, negotiation, admission, enforcement, and accounting for 1x EV-DO Revision A systems. We investigate key QoS techniques, with an emphasis on air interface scheduling, media access control, call/flow admission, overload control, and flow classification. A video telephony (VT) application is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques. Finally, we highlight several advancements of 1x EV-DO QoS development directions. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Peach: A Multicore Communication System on Chip with PCI Express (2011)

The PCI Express Adaptive Communication Hub (Peach) is an eight-core communication system on chip with four PCI Express Revision 2.0 ports, each with four lanes. Peach realizes a high-performance, power-aware, highly dependable network that uses PCI Express not only for connecting peripheral devices but also as a communication link between computing nodes. This approach opens up new possibilities for a range of communications.
MODTRAN: a moderate resolution model for LOWTRAN. Technical report, 12 May 1986-11 May 1987 (1987)

This interim technical report describes a new band-model formulation for the LOWTRAN 6 atmospheric transmittance/radiation computer code. Band-model parameters for H/sub 2/O, CO/sub 2/, O/sub 3/, CO, CH/sub 4/, O/sub 2/, and N/sub 2/ were calculated using the 1986 HITRAN line atlas. They were calculated for 1 /cm bins from 0 - 17,900/cm and at five temperatures from 200 to 300K. This transmittance model and associated subroutines were integrated into LOWTRAN 6. The spectral resolution of this new option is better than 5/cm (FWHM). A preliminary version of the code was delivered to AFGL for testing. Validation against FASCOD2 calculations will be the emphasis for the remainder of this effort.
Knowledge Management (2013)

Knowledge is the essence of life, and Knowledge Management (KM) is the methodological formulation of strategies and practices deployed by the businesses and organization identify, define, develop, and utilize the tacit and explicit information within the organization for better use of developing and marketing new products and ideas. Knowledge is a knowing and understanding of facts, figures in form, or data or information about something or some entity. Knowledge can be acquired by various sources which could include facts and figures from books, news media, discussions, or books. It is a familiarity with what is happening around one and how does it affect. It can be acquired from any media; books, magazines, television, radio, or Internet. It can be in the form of raw data, or structured information, facts and figures, or description, depiction, or sketched.
Internet services via direct broadcast satellites (2002)

High-power direct broadcast satellites (DBS) can be used to downlink high volumes of data and services available in the Internet directly to home terminals. Setting up an asymmetric system, using the telephone network, a similar low speed terrestrial network or a satellite return link for accessing an Internet service provider (ISP) and using one or more channels on a DBS to transmit large amounts of data to the end user makes this system a high-speed interactive one. After implementation of a laboratory platform using a satellite simulator, the concept was implemented using an audio subcarrier of a standard TV transponder which provides a bit rate of 192 kbit/sec. This IDBS A system has successfully been used for implementing a set of applications and demonstrations. In the second phase, VSATs operating at between 64 Kbit/sec and 2Mbit/sec have been used for IDBS V. Initial tests using the upcoming DVB/MPEG-2 program stream for providing high speed multimedia Internet services via satellite (IDBS D) at data rates of 2 to 8 Mbit/sec were carried out successfully. This paper presents the architecture of the system hardware and software and reports on the performance observed for the various data services and applications available on IDBS A and IDBS V systems. It also comments on measurements and analyses of the systems performance and outlines the status of the ongoing developments for IDBS D.
A framework for designing and implementing the Ada standard container library (2003)

An open issue of the Ada language is the definition of a standard container library. Containers in this library (e.g., sets, maps and lists) shall offer some core functionalities that characterise their behaviour (i.e., different strategies for managing the elements stored therein) as well as other general functionalities. Among these general functionalities, we are interested in alternative ways for accessing the containers, namely direct access by position and traversals using iterators. In this paper, we present the Shortcut-Based Framework (SBF), a framework aimed at providing suitable, uniform, accurate and secure access by position and iterators, while keeping other nice properties such as comprehensibility and changeability. The SBF should be considered as a baseline upon which the Ada standard container library can be built. We assess the feasibility of our proposal defining a quality model for container libraries and evaluating the SBF using some metrics defined with the Goal-Question-Metric approach.
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: An overview of existing treatment (2011)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common condition in aging men, associated with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). A better understanding of the prostate physiology, function, and pathogenesis has led to the development of promising agents, useful in the management of LUTS in men. The specific approach used to treat BPH depends upon number of factors like age, prostrate size, weight, prostate-specific antigen level, and severity of the symptoms. 5α-reductase inhibitors decrease the production of dihydrotestosterone within the prostate, which results in decreased prostate volume, increased peak urinary flow rate, improvement of symptoms, decreased risk of acute urinary retention, and need for surgical intervention. α(1)-adrenergic receptor (α(1)-AR) antagonists decrease LUTS and increase urinary flow rates in men with symptomatic BPH, but do not reduce the long-term risk of urinary retention or need for surgical intervention. Clinical efficacy of either 5α-reductase inhibitor or α(1)-AR antagonist has been further improved by using combination therapy; however, long-term outcomes are still awaited. Many more potential new therapies are under development that may improve the treatment of BPH. This article gives a brief account of rationale and efficacy of different treatment options presently available in the management of BPH.
Lesion Development and Response to Immunization Reveal a Complex Role for CD4 in Atherosclerosis (2005)

Atherosclerosis is a complex disease, bearing many of the characteristics of a chronic inflammatory process. Both cellular and humoral immune responses may be involved in the disease development. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) is suggested to be an autoantigen in atherosclerosis. A protective effect against atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in animals immunized with oxLDL. Such a protection is associated with elevation of T cell-dependent IgG antibodies against oxLDL. In addition, it has been shown that immunization with Freund adjuvant alone also confers protection against development of atherosclerosis. We therefore hypothesized that CD4+ T cells are critical in the development of atherosclerosis and that they are involved in protective immune reactions after immunization. The development of atherosclerosis was studied in apolipoprotein E knockout (apoE KO) mice and CD4/apoE double knockout (dKO) mice that were immunized with either oxLDL in Freund adjuvant or adjuvant alone, or left untreated. Our results show that (1) the absence of CD4+ cells in apoE KO mice leads to reduced atherosclerosis, indicating that CD4+ cells constitute a major proatherogenic cell population, and (2) the atheroprotective effect of LDL immunization does not depend on CD4+ cells, whereas (3) the atheroprotective effect of adjuvant injection is CD4-dependent. These findings demonstrate complex roles of immune cell-cell interactions in the regulation of the atherosclerotic process and point to several possible targets in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis.
Monadic datalog and the expressive power of languages for Web information extraction (2004)

Research on information extraction from Web pages (wrapping) has seen much activity recently (particularly systems implementations), but little work has been done on formally studying the expressiveness of the formalisms proposed or on the theoretical foundations of wrapping. In this paper, we first study monadic datalog over trees as a wrapping language. We show that this simple language is equivalent to monadic second order logic (MSO) in its ability to specify wrappers. We believe that MSO has the right expressiveness required for Web information extraction and propose MSO as a yardstick for evaluating and comparing wrappers. Along the way, several other results on the complexity of query evaluation and query containment for monadic datalog over trees are established, and a simple normal form for this language is presented. Using the above results, we subsequently study the kernel fragment Elog − of the Elog wrapping language used in the Lixto system (a visual wrapper generator). Curiously, Elog − exactly captures MSO, yet is easier to use. Indeed, programs in this language can be entirely visually specified.
Vector Symbolic Architectures: A New Building Material for Artificial General Intelligence (2008)

We provide an overview of Vector Symbolic Architectures (VSA), a class of structured associative memory models that offers a number of desirable features for artificial general intelligence. By directly encoding structure using familiar, computationally efficient algorithms, VSA bypasses many of the problems that have consumed unnecessary effort and attention in previous connectionist work. Example applications from opposite ends of the AI spectrum --visual map-seeking circuits and structured analogy processing --attest to the generality and power of the VSA approach in building new solutions for AI.
Über das Rätsel (2002)

Auch das vollständige Erfassen der Beschaffenheit eines Kunstwerks berührt noch nicht die Tatsache seiner grundsätzlichen Rätselhaftigkeit. Konnten wir feststellen, daß die Grenzen des Erfaßbaren in chinesischer Malerei und europäischer Musik ähnlich zu lokalisieren sind, so weisen diese Kunstarten wie die Kulturen, aus denen sie entspringen, doch grundlegend verschiedene Auffassungen des Rätselhaften auf.
IMPROVING ENERGY EFFICIENCY VIA OPTIMIZED CHARGE MOTION AND SLURRY FLOW IN PLANT SCALE SAG MILLS (2005)

The U.S. mining industry operates approximately 80 semi-autogenesis grinding mills (SAG) throughout the United States. Depending on the mill size the SAG mills draws between 2 MW and 17 MW. The product from the SAG mill is further reduced in size using pebble crushers and ball mills. Hence, typical gold or copper ore requires between 2.0 and 7.5 kWh per ton of energy to reduce the particle size. Considering a typical mining operation processes 10,000 to 100,000 tons per day the energy expenditure in grinding is 50 percent of the cost of production of the metal. A research team from the University of Utah is working to make inroads into saving energy in these SAG mills. In 2003, Industries of the Future Program of the Department of Energy tasked the University of Utah team to build a partnership between the University and the mining industry for the specific purpose of reducing energy consumption in SAG mills. A partnership was formed with Cortez Gold Mines, Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation, Process Engineering Resources Inc. and others. In the current project, Cortez Gold Mines played a key role in facilitating the 26-ft SAG mill at Cortez as a test mill for this study. According to plant personnel, there were a number of unscheduled shut downs to repair broken liners and the mill throughput fluctuated depending on ore type. The University team had two softwares, Millsoft and FlowMod to tackle the problem. Millsoft is capable of simulating the motion of charge in the mill. FlowMod calculates the slurry flow through the grate and pulp lifters. Based on this data the two models were fine-tuned to fit the Cortez SAG will. In the summer of 2004 a new design of shell lifters were presented to Cortez and in September 2004 these lifters were installed in the SAG mill. By December 2004 Cortez Mines realized that the SAG mill is drawing approximately 236-kW less power than before while maintaining the same level of production. In the first month there was extreme cycling and operators had to learn more. Now the power consumption is 0.3-1.3 kWh/ton lower than before. The actual SAG mill power draw is 230-370 kW lower. Mill runs 1 rpm lesser in speed on the average. The re-circulation to the cone crusher is reduced by 1-10%, which means more efficient grinding of critical size material is taking place in the mill. All of the savings have resulted in reduction of operating cost be about $0.023-$0.048/ ton.
Critical Harmonic Scattering in N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Cl (1967)

Observations of harmonic scattering (second-harmonic generation) by fluctuations in angular orientation are reported for polycrystalline N${\mathrm{H}}_{4}$Cl for temperatures in the immediate vicinity of the second-order phase transition at \ensuremath{\sim}242.4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Harmonic intensities were found to decrease exponentially within the range $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}<~\ensuremath{\epsilon}<2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, where $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\frac{T}{{T}_{c}}\ensuremath{-}1$. The results, together with suitable assumptions, are used to obtain an estimate of the variation of the long-range correlation parameter ${\ensuremath{\kappa}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ with $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, with results different from those expected.
Banana shot (1997)

Does Steve Haake realize that his studies of physics and golf can be easily applied to other sports (June p76)?
Direct-coupled multilevel cascaded series VAr compensators (2002)

Series VAr compensators based on force commutated static power converters are proving to be a viable alternative to shunt compensators as a means of enhancing power transmission and distribution capability. This paper proposes a converter structure, based on a multilevel cascade of single phase converters, which can be coupled to the transmission system without transformers. The individual converters are switching at very low frequencies, resulting in high efficiency, and are fed from independent self controlled DC capacitor buses. Advantages of the proposed series compensator include low injected voltage harmonic distortion and fast response to changes in the compensation level. Pattern generation options are presented. Gating and control schemes are discussed. Simulation results are verified experimentally.
GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-Cortactin Pathway Frequently Used in Cancer Invasion Is Activated by VEGFR2 to Promote Angiogenesis (2011)

Angiogenesis and cancer invasiveness greatly contribute to cancer malignancy.Arf6 and its effector, AMAP1, are frequently overexpressed in breast cancer, and constitute a central pathway to induce the invasion and metastasis. In this pathway, Arf6 is activated by EGFR via GEP100. Arf6 is highly expressed also in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and is implicated in angiogenesis. Here, we found that HUVECs also highly express AMAP1, and that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) recruits GEP100 to activate Arf6. AMAP1 functions by binding to cortactin in cancer invasion and metastasis. We demonstrate that the same GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-cortactin pathway is essential for angiogenesis activities, including cell migration and tubular formation, as well as for the enhancement of cell permeability and VE-cadherin endocytosis of VEGF-stimulated HUVECs. Components of this pathway are highly expressed in pathologic angiogenesis, and blocking of this pathway effectively inhibits VEGF- or tumor-induced angiogenesis and choroidal neovascularization. The GEP100-Arf6-AMAP1-cortactin pathway, activated by receptor tyrosine kinases, appears to be common in angiogenesis and cancer invasion and metastasis, and provides their new therapeutic targets.
Optical demultiplexer using a silicon concave diffraction grating (1983)

A demultiplexer composed of a concave diffraction grating and a multimode slab waveguide is attractive since it has many advantageous features. However, this type of demultiplexer has had high demultiplexing losses until now, because the concave diffraction gratings used had poor diffraction efficiency. A silicon concave diffraction grating has been developed to overcome this problem, manufactured by cylindrically bending a thin silicon plane diffraction grating. The diffraction efficiency of this grating was 82% at a blaze wavelength. The five-channel demultiplexer was assembled with this grating as well as with a multimode slab waveguide and a fiber array. Its branching loss was in the 1.4-1.8-dB range.
A tele-operative RMMT system facilitating the management of cooling and energy in data centers (2010)

This paper presents a tele-operative robotic mobile measurement technique for collecting temperature data in data centers. It provides highly effective data support to the analysis of data center thermal profiles, and plays an active role in improving data center cooling and energy efficiencies. With this technique, a human operator controls the navigation of the teleoperative mobile measurement platform and triggers the data acquisition operation through a wirelessly connected console. Comparing with traditional manual operation, it largely reduces the intensity of human labor and improves the operational efficiency. The effectiveness of the proposed technique has been verified through a demonstrative data scanning in a real data center environment.