gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of a novel ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related/checkpoint kinase 1–dependent prometaphase checkpoint in cancer cells by diallyl trisulfide, a promising cancer chemopreventive constituent of processed garlic (2007)

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS), a cancer chemopreventive constituent of garlic, inhibits growth of cancer cells by interfering with cell cycle progression, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show the existence of a novel ataxia-telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related (ATR)/checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1)-dependent checkpoint partially responsible for DATS-mediated prometaphase arrest in cancer cells, which is different from the recently described gamma irradiation-induced mitotic exit checkpoint. The PC-3 human prostate cancer cells synchronized in prometaphase by nocodazole treatment and released to DATS-containing medium remained arrested in prometaphase, whereas the cells released to normal medium exited mitosis and resumed cell cycle. The mitotic arrest was maintained even after 4 h of culture of DATS-treated cells (4-h treatment) in drug-free medium. The DATS-arrested mitotic cells exhibited accumulation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) substrates cyclin A and cyclin B1 and hyperphosphorylation of securin, which was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of the APC/C regulatory subunits Cdc20 and Cdh1. The DATS-mediated accumulation of cyclin B1 and hyperphosphorylation of securin, Cdc20, and Cdh1 were partially but markedly attenuated by knockdown of Chk1 or ATR protein. The U2OS osteosarcoma cells expressing doxycycline-inducible kinase dead ATR were significantly more resistant not only to DATS-mediated prometaphase arrest but also to the accumulation of cyclin B1 and hyperphosphorylation of securin, Cdc20, and Cdh1 compared with cells expressing wild-type ATR. However, securin protein knockdown failed to rescue cells from DATS-induced prometaphase arrest. In conclusion, the present study describes a novel signaling pathway involving ATR/Chk1 in the regulation of DATS-induced prometaphase arrest.
Living in interesting times (2000)

South Australians have been interested in electoral matters for a long time. South Australia introduced the secret baUot in 1856 - a month after Victoria and only the second colony to do so. By the time that the various colonies voted to federate in 1899 and 1900, women in South Australia as well as in New Zealand and Western Australia could have their own votes recorded. More recently, after the South Australian State election of 1989, in which the Liberal Party received 52% of the two party preferred vote but failed to win a majority of the seats, the Constitution Act was changed to require a review of the electoral boundaries after each State election, and - perhaps more importantly - the changes required the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission to take votes into account when making any boundary changes. [Introduction]
A fast face recognition system on mobile phone (2012)

Face recognition on mobile phones is gaining increasing attention due to the great variety of applications it can offer. In this paper, a fast recognition system on mobile phone is presented. First, Haar-like features with AdaBoost is used to detect face in pictures taken from phone camera. Second, in order to detect the eyes of face, we use a fast and effective method - eyes template matching in specific regions of the face, and then the local binary pattern (LBP) is adopted for fast face recognition. The experimental results demonstrate that the system introduced has a good performance in terms of recognition time and rate. Besides, various optimization techniques to speed up the face detection and recognition process are discussed.
HIV Co-receptors as Targets for Antiviral Therapy (2004)

The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are used as the main co-receptors by the T-cell-tropic (CXCR4-dependent, X4) and macrophage-tropic (CCR5-dependent, R5) HIV-1 strains, respectively, for entering their target cells. The natural ligands for CXCR4, the CXC-chemokine SDF-1 and CCR5, the CC-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta are described to inhibit viral entry. In this review we focus on chemokine receptor/HIV co-receptor inhibitors. Modified chemokines such as Met-RANTES and AOP-RANTES showed antiviral activity against R5 viruses. Several low-molecular weight CCR5 antagonists have been described (such as TAK-779 and SCH-C) with potent antiviral activity. The latter compound is also orally available and is able to decrease R5 viral load levels in HIV-infected subjects. Several peptidic compounds, such as T22 (an 18-mer), T134 (a 14-mer), ALX40-4C (a 9-mer) and CGP 64222 (also a 9-mer) have anti-HIV activity and have been identified as CXCR4 antagonists. Also, the HIV-1 Tat protein has been described as a "natural" CXCR4 antagonist with anti-HIV-1 activity. The most potent and specific CXCR4 antagonists are the bicyclam derivatives, which also potently inhibit X4 HIV replication. AMD3100 has proved to be a highly specific CXCR4 antagonist, which consistently blocks X4 viral replication in any target cell-type evaluated so far. AMD3100 was selected as the clinical drug candidate, which, after initial phase I (safety) studies, had proceeded to phase II (efficacy) trials. The compound dose-dependently inhibited X4 viruses after 10 days of continuous infusion of the drug. Recently, the orally bioavailable CXCR4 antagonist, AMD070, is presented as a candidate HIV drug. We believe that chemokine receptor antagonists will become important new antiviral drugs to combat AIDS. Both (CXCR4 and CCR5) chemokine receptor inhibitors will be needed in combination to inhibit viral replication and even in combinations of antiviral drugs that also target other aspects of the HIV replication cycle, such as reverse transcriptase and protease, to obtain optimum therapeutic effects.
Studies of the Kinetic Mechanism of Maize Endosperm ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase Uncovered Complex Regulatory Properties   (2009)

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose (ADP-Glc) from Glc-1-phosphate (G-1-P) and ATP. Kinetic studies were performed to define the nature of the reaction, both in the presence and absence of allosteric effector molecules. When 3-phosphoglycerate (3-PGA), the putative physiological activator, was present at a saturating level, initial velocity studies were consistent with a Theorell-Chance BiBi mechanism and product inhibition data supported sequential binding of ATP and G-1-P, followed by ordered release of pyrophosphate and ADP-Glc. A sequential mechanism was also followed when 3-PGA was absent, but product inhibition patterns changed dramatically. In the presence of 3-PGA, ADP-Glc is a competitive inhibitor with respect to ATP. In the absence of 3-PGA--with or without 5.0 mm inorganic phosphate--ADP-Glc actually stimulated catalytic activity, acting as a feedback product activator. By contrast, the other product, pyrophosphate, is a potent inhibitor in the absence of 3-PGA. In the presence of subsaturating levels of allosteric effectors, G-1-P serves not only as a substrate but also as an activator. Finally, in the absence of 3-PGA, inorganic phosphate, a classic inhibitor or antiactivator of the enzyme, stimulates enzyme activity at low substrate by lowering the K(M) values for both substrates.
Diaryl amidine derivatives as oncornaviral DNA polymerase inhibitors (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiaryl amidine derivatives as oncornaviral DNA polymerase inhibitorsE. De Clercq and O. DannCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1980, 23, 7, 787–795Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00181a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (972 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Facet-Dependent Electronic Properties of Hexagonal Silicon Nanowires under Progressive Hydroxylation and Surface Reconstruction (2009)

The effects of surface reconstruction and progressive hydroxylation on the electronic properties of [110] hexagonal silicon nanowires are investigated by ab initio calculations within the density functional theory. Progressive hydroxylation changes the density of states close to valence band maxima and leads to a general decrease in the band gap. The magnitude of band gap reduction is dependent on the facet where the hydroxyl group is bonded. While a high reduction in band gap (10%) is observed for hydroxylation on (111) facets, for (001) facets the reduction is more pronounced (21%) only when there is a (3 x 1) reconstruction. The reduction in band gap is generally accompanied by an off-center radial shift in the location of the charge density arising from the HOMO. These results go to show the impact of surface reconstruction and termination groups on the electronic properties of Si nanowires, which are important for using these materials for biosensor and transistor applications.
Thiamine Status in Humans and Content of Phosphorylated Thiamine Derivatives in Biopsies and Cultured Cells (2010)

The high sensitivity of humans to thiamine deficiency is probably linked to low circulating thiamine concentrations and low ThDP tissue contents. ThTP levels are relatively high in many human tissues, as a result of low expression of the 25-kDa ThTPase. Another novel finding is the presence of ThTP and AThTP in poorly differentiated fast-growing cells, suggesting a hitherto unsuspected link between these compounds and cell division or differentiation.
INFLUENCE OF SILICON ON QUALITY FACTOR, MOTIONAL IMPEDANCE AND TUNING RANGE OF PZT-TRANSDUCED RESONATORS (2008)

This paper provides a quantitative comparison and explores the design space of PZT-only (Lead Zirconium Titanate) and PZT-on-Silicon length-extensional mode resonators for incorporation into RF MEMS filters and oscillators. We experimentally measured the correlation of motional impedance (R X ) and quality factor (Q) with the resonators' silicon layer thickness (t Si ). For identical lateral dimensions and PZT-layer thickness (t PZT ), the PZT-on-Silicon resonator has higher resonant frequency (dominated by silicon), higher Q (5,100 vs. 140) and lower motional impedance (51 vs. 205 ). However, PZT-only resonator demonstrated much wider frequency tuning range (5.1% vs. 0.2%).
Magnetization, Curie temperature, and magnetic anisotropy of strained (111) Ni/Au superlattices (1992)

The magnetic properties of well-characterized strained (111) Ni/Au superlattices with bilayer thickness \ensuremath{\Lambda}5 nm are examined as a function of Ni layer thickness ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}$. The saturation magnetization of Ni is found to decrease inversely with ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathrm{Ni}}$, while the decrease in Curie temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$ follows a power law. Superlattices grown on 625-K substrates show larger magnetization, higher ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$, and lower magnetic anisotropy than ones grown at room temperature. In both cases, an abrupt decrease in the anisotropy is found at the same \ensuremath{\Lambda} where a coherent-to-incoherent transition is observed in structural studies. Additional structural data indicate that, in this thickness region, the Ni layers are strongly strained both parallel and perpendicular to the growth direction, and thus do not follow conventional elastic behavior. This underlines the importance of an accurate determination of the structural properties when analyzing the magnetic properties of short-period metallic superlattices.
Arrangement of fiber pieces for a wide wavelength conversion range by fiber four-wave mixing (1994)

A new technique is reported for obtaining a wide wavelength conversion range in fiber four-wave mixing. One fiber is cut into short fiber pieces and rearranged, considering the zero-dispersion wavelength of each fiber piece. With this rearrangement, the wavelength conversion range is expanded, compared with that in the original fiber. An experiment using a 6-km fiber confirms the technique.
Multiplexing holograms for data page storage using a LCD as hybrid ternary modulation (2009)

Holographic data storage is a new optical technology which allows an important number of bits to be stored in a recording material. In this work, holographic data pages were stored in a PVA/acrylamide photopolymer layer using a peristrophic multiplexing method. This material is formed of acrylamide photopolymers, which are considered interesting materials for recording holographic memories. A liquid crystal (LCD) device was used to modify the object beam and store the data pages in the material. This LCD was used to modulate the object beam in order to reduce the zero frequency of the Fourier Transform (FT) of the object. The scheme used to reduce this frequency was hybrid ternary modulation (HTM).
[Pt(<i>O,O</i>′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)], a new Pt compound exerting fast cytotoxicity in MCF‐7 breast cancer cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (2007)

Background and purpose: We showed previously that a new Pt complex containing an O,O ′‐chelated acetylacetonate ligand (acac) and a dimethylsulphide in the Pt coordination sphere, [Pt( O,O′ ‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)], induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. The objective of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that [Pt( O,O ′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] is also cytotoxic in a MCF‐7 breast cancer cell line relatively insensitive to cisplatin, and to gain a more detailed analysis of the cell death pathways. Experimental approach: Cells were treated with Pt compounds and cytotoxicity tests were performed, together with Western blotting of various proteins involved in apoptosis. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by fluorescence microscopy and spectrofluorometry and the Pt bound to cell fractions was measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Key results: In contrast to cisplatin, the cytotoxicity of [Pt( O,O′ ‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] correlated with cellular accumulation but not with DNA binding. Also, the Pt content in DNA bases was considerably higher for cisplatin than for [Pt( O,O′ ‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)], thus excluding DNA as a target of [Pt( O,O ′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)]. [Pt( O,O ′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] exerted high and fast apoptotic processes in MCF‐7 cells since it provoked: (a) mitochondria depolarization; (b) cytochrome c accumulation in the cytosol; (c) translocation of Bax and truncated‐Bid from cytosol to mitochondria and decreased expression of Bcl‐2; (d) cleavage of caspases ‐7 and ‐9, and PARP degradation; (e) chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Conclusions and implications: [Pt( O,O ′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] is highly cytotoxic for MCF‐7 cells, cells relatively resistant to many chemotherapeutic agents, as it activates the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Hence, [Pt( O,O ′‐acac)(γ‐acac)(DMS)] has the potential to provide us with new opportunities for therapeutic intervention. British Journal of Pharmacology (2008) 153 , 34–49; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707576 ; published online 19 November 2007
Peracetic Acid as an Alternative Disinfection Technology for Wet Weather Flows (2014)

Rain-induced wet weather flows (WWFs) consist of combined sewer overflows, sanitary sewer overflows, and stormwater, all of which introduce pathogens to surface waters when discharged. When people come into contact with the contaminated surface water, these pathogens can be transmitted resulting in severe health problems. As such, WWFs should be disinfected. Traditional disinfection technologies are typically cost-prohibitive, can yield toxic byproducts, and space for facilities is often limited, if available. More cost-effective alternative technologies, requiring less space and producing less harmful byproducts are currently being explored. Peracetic acid (PAA) was investigated as one such alternative and this research has confirmed the feasibility and applicability of using PAA as a disinfectant for WWFs. Peracetic acid doses ranging from 5 mg/L to 15 mg/L over contact times of 2 to 10 minutes were shown to be effective and directly applicable to WWF disinfection.
Memory-Augmented Neural Networks for Machine Translation (2019)

Memory-augmented neural networks (MANNs) have been shown to outperform other recurrent neural network architectures on a series of artificial sequence learning tasks, yet they have had limited application to real-world tasks. We evaluate direct application of Neural Turing Machines (NTM) and Differentiable Neural Computers (DNC) to machine translation. We further propose and evaluate two models which extend the attentional encoder-decoder with capabilities inspired by memory augmented neural networks. We evaluate our proposed models on IWSLT Vietnamese to English and ACL Romanian to English datasets. Our proposed models and the memory augmented neural networks perform similarly to the attentional encoder-decoder on the Vietnamese to English translation task while have a 0.3-1.9 lower BLEU score for the Romanian to English task. Interestingly, our analysis shows that despite being equipped with additional flexibility and being randomly initialized memory augmented neural networks learn an algorithm for machine translation almost identical to the attentional encoder-decoder.
Acceptability of Extruded Corn Snacks as Affected by Inclusion of Soy Protein (1999)

ABSTRACT Our objectives were to develop acceptable extruded snack products containing soy protein, and to evaluate the influence of soy protein type, soy level, and moisture content. Addition of soy protein increased die temperature and pressure while decreasing motor torque. Results of two consumer tests for 12 prototype products and the most acceptable three samples indicated positive responses. Acceptance correlated highly with consumer attitudes toward soy foods and prior information about health effects of soy protein. Differences between protein types suggested that formulation optimization could develop highly acceptable soy/corn extruded snacks.
The mast cell (1992)

The mast cell's association with asthma has a long history dating back to the turn of the century, when Dale and Laidlaw described histamine as a spasmogen for guinea-pig airways and a proposed mediator of acute anaphylaxis. Almost half a century elapsed before histamine was localised to the granules of mast cells, although the release of this and other mediators of the acute allergic reaction were known to involve reagin subsequently identified as IgE. The biochemical mechanisms involved in transduction signalling not only results in the calcium and energy-dependent release of preformed mediators by degranulation but also the generation and subsequent release of an array of newly formed products, many of which are derived from phospholipid precursors.
Propulsion options for space-based orbital transfer vehicles (1978)

A concept for a lightweight space-based orbital transfer vehicle (OTV) featuring thin, spherical, pressure-designed aluminum liquid-oxygen and liquid-hydrogen tanks and a truss structure of composite materials is used as a baseline design for a large-cargo OTV. Vehicle sizing, fleet analysis, and parametric cost analysis are used to evaluate the effects of engine technology, vehicle staging, and high-thrust versus low-thrust transfer. Results indicate that Earth-to-orbit launch costs and OTV engine performance are strong drivers in orbital transportation cost and that there is no significant benefit in staging vehicles. At the low values of Earth-to-orbit cost representative of advanced launch vehicles, low-thrust and high-thrust OTV's are competitive.
12-Core Double-Clad Er/Yb-Doped Fiber Amplifier Employing Free-space Coupling Pump/Signal Combiner Module (2013)

We demonstrate the simultaneous 12-core amplification of a double-clad Er/Yb-doped fiber amplifier by using newly developed free-space coupling pump/signal combiner modules equipped with multi-core fiber pigtails. C-band amplification is successfully achieved using a 5-m long double-clad Er/Yb-doped fiber.
Apoptosis is induced in cells with cytolytic potential by L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester (1992)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the selective toxicity of leucyl-leucine methyl ester (Leu-Leu-OMe) for cytotoxic lymphocytes and myeloid cells is dependent on intracellular conversion to membranolytic metabolites by the acyl transferase activity of the granule enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase I (DPPI) that is enriched in these cells. The mechanism of cell death remained unclear, however, and was the subject of the experiments reported here. When human U937, HL60, or THP-1 myeloid tumor cell lines or murine CTLL-2 cells were treated with Leu-Leu-OMe, early release of both cytosolic 51Cr and soluble [3H]TdR labeled DNA fragments was observed, whereas antibody + C treatment of these cells caused only 51Cr release. Killing of U937 or THP-1 cells by incubation with the lysosomotropic amino acid methyl ester, Phe-OMe also induced only 51Cr release without evidence of DNA fragmentation. Preincubation with Zn2+, a known inhibitor of endonuclease activity prevented Leu-Leu-OMe-induced 51Cr or [3H]TdR release from these cell lines, but had no effect on antibody + C or Phe-OMe-induced 51Cr release. Zn2+ also prevented Leu-Leu-OMe-mediated killing of normal human CD16+ NK cells. Zn2+ had no inhibitory effect on Leu-Leu-OMe uptake or intracellular conversion to (Leu-Leu)n-OMe metabolites by these cell lines. Moreover, Zn2+ did not inhibit 51Cr release from nonnucleated E or nucleated U937 targets induced by extracellular production of DPPI-generated metabolites of Leu-Leu-OMe. Thus, killing of cytotoxic lymphocytes and myeloid cells by Leu-Leu-OMe appears to be dependent on generation of metabolites with membranolytic properties, but cell death induced by this process does not involve simple lysis of the plasma membrane. Rather, intracellular production of DPPI generated (Leu-Leu)n-OMe metabolites appears to trigger, an additional Zn(2+)-sensitive process that is associated with induction of apoptosis in cells with cytolytic potential.
Mesoporous Titania Nanotubes: Their Preparation and Application as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2007)

Mesoporous titania nanotubes with tunable dimension have been fabricated within the pores of alumina membranes by a simple sol-gel templating method. The 3D network structures of these mesoporous nanotubes (see figure) can provide both electron pathway and lithium ion pathway which benefit their applications in a high rate rechargeable lithium battery.