gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Just-in-time annotation of clusters, outliers, and trends in point-based data visualizations (2012)

We introduce the concept of just-in-time descriptive analytics as a novel application of computational and statistical techniques performed at interaction-time to help users easily understand the structure of data as seen in visualizations. Fundamental to just-intime descriptive analytics is (a) identifying visual features, such as clusters, outliers, and trends, user might observe in visualizations automatically, (b) determining the semantics of such features by performing statistical analysis as the user is interacting, and (c) enriching visualizations with annotations that not only describe semantics of visual features but also facilitate interaction to support high-level understanding of data. In this paper, we demonstrate just-in-time descriptive analytics applied to a point-based multi-dimensional visualization technique to identify and describe clusters, outliers, and trends. We argue that it provides a novel user experience of computational techniques working alongside of users allowing them to build faster qualitative mental models of data by demonstrating its application on a few use-cases. Techniques used to facilitate just-in-time descriptive analytics are described in detail along with their runtime performance characteristics. We believe this is just a starting point and much remains to be researched, as we discuss open issues and opportunities in improving accessibility and collaboration.
sparqlPuSH: Proactive Notification of Data Updates in RDF Stores Using PubSubHubbub. (2010)

With the growing numbers of status update websites and related wrappers, initiatives modelling sensor data in RDF, as well as the dynamic nature of many Linked Data exporters, there is a need for protocols enabling real-time notification and broadcasting of RDF data updates. In this paper we present a flexible approach that provides such notifications to be delivered in real-time to any RSS or Atom reader. Our framework enables the active delivery of SPARQL query results through the PubSubHubbub (PuSH) protocol upon the arrival of new information in RDF stores. Our open source implementation can be plugged on any SPARQL endpoint and can directly reuse PuSH hubs that are already deployed in scalable clouds (e.g. Google’s).
InfoRadar: group and public messaging in the mobile context (2004)

Previous research has sought to utilize everyday messaging metaphors, such as the notice board, in location-based messaging systems. Unfortunately, many of the restrictions associated with the metaphors have been unnecessarily reintroduced to interaction, and results from the previous field trials have been disheartening. InfoRadar builds on experiences with these systems by presenting improvements in user interface functionality and services. By providing a novel radar interface for accessing messages, desktop-like temporal storage for messages, location-independent message threading, filtering functionality, contextual audience addressing, multimedia messaging, social activity indicator, and voting, InfoRadar attempts to combine both public and in-group messaging into one system. A preliminary field trial indicates that location-based aspects may have a role in facilitating mobile communication, particularly when it comes to engaging in social interaction with unknown people.
English Newspapers as Specimen: A Study of Linguistic Features of the English Newspapers in the 20th Century From Historical Linguistics (2017)

The 20 th century has posed to us a challenge we have never met before, that is, we were living in a world in tremendous changes. English language, as a growing organism, from the point of historical linguistics, is a witness to these changes. English language presents us with a lot of new features in the 20 th century, echoing with the changes of people’s material and spiritual life reflected in daily happenings. English newspapers are a good place to observe these new features. With English newspapers as exemplars, the article conducts a survey on the linguistic features of English language in the 20 th century from the perspective of historical linguistics. The investigation has been conducted in three aspects: the lexical level, the grammatical level and rhetorical level. Besides, another thing is noticeable during  investigation. That is to say, linguistic features of English language should be examined in relation to scientific, political, religious and other factors in a broad social context. It is social reality that has shaped most of these features, and the features are a mirror of the social reality.
Stimulation of estrogen receptor signaling by gamma synuclein. (2003)

Synucleins are emerging as central player in the fundamental neural processes and in the formation of pathologically insoluble deposits characteristic of Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. However, gamma Synuclein (SNCG) is also highly associated with breast cancer and ovarian cancer progression. Whereas most studies of this group of proteins have been directed to the elucidation of their role in the formation of depositions in brain tissue, the normal cellular function of this highly conserved synuclein family remains largely unknown. A notable finding in this study is that SNCG, identified previously as a breast cancer-specific gene 1, strongly stimulated the ligand-dependent transcriptional activity of estrogen receptor-alpha (ER-alpha) in breast cancer cells. Augmentation of SNCG expression stimulated transcriptional activity of ER-alpha, whereas compromising endogenous SNCG expression suppressed ER-alpha signaling. The SNCG-stimulated ER-alpha signaling was demonstrated in three different cell systems including ER-alpha-positive and SNCG-negative MCF-7 cells, ER-alpha-positive and SNCG-positive T47D cells, and SNCG-negative and ER-alpha-negative MDA-MB-435 cells. The SNCG-mediated stimulation of ER-alpha transcriptional activity is consistent with its stimulation of the ligand-dependent cell growth. Whereas overexpression of SNCG stimulated the ligand-dependent cell proliferation, suppression of endogenous SNCG expression significantly inhibited cell growth in response to estrogen. The stimulatory effect of SNCG on ERalpha-regulated gene expression and cell growth can be effectively inhibited by antiestrogens. These data indicate that SNCG is required for efficient ER-alpha signaling and, thus, stimulated hormone-responsive mammary tumors.
Effect of overpressure on dissolution and cavitation of bubbles stabilized on a metal surface (1998)

Recent experimental evidence indicates that static overpressure dramatically reduces lithotripsy-induced cell damage or stone comminution [Delius, Ultrasound Med. Biol. 24, 611–617]. The hypothesis is that the damage and comminution are due to cavitation and that overpressure dissolves the small gas bubbles which act as cavitation nuclei. Delius observed, however, that the overpressure to protect cells (1 atm) was significantly lower than for stones (10 atm). In similar experiments cell lysis and pitting of aluminum foil as indicators of cavitation are used; the thresholds were 1 and 30 atm, respectively. In addition, the authors observed that pitting of foils increased for overpressures up to 20 atm. It is proposed that crevices in the foil stabilize cavitation nuclei whereas the bubbles dissolve in fluids. Foil damage increased because overpressure is small relative to the shock wave pressures that drive bubble expansion but is the dominant driving force at bubble collapse. Calculations using the Gilmore equation predict that overpressures up to 30 atm hasten and intensify cavitation collapses and over 60 atm eliminate cavitation, in qualitative agreement with our foil data. The calculated collapse time was confirmed experimentally by passive cavitation detection. If bubbles are stabilized in crevices in kidney stones, overpressure may provide a safer, more effective lithotripsy treatment. [Work supported by NIH-PO1-DK43881.]
Performance modeling and analysis of flash-based storage devices (2011)

Flash-based solid-state drives (SSDs) will become key components in future storage systems. An accurate performance model will not only help understand the state-of-the-art of SSDs, but also provide the research tools for exploring the design space of such storage systems. Although over the years many performance models were developed for hard drives, the architectural differences between two device families prevent these models from being effective for SSDs. The hard drive performance models cannot account for several unique characteristics of SSDs, e.g., low latency, slow update, and expensive block-level erase. In this paper, we utilize the black-box modeling approach to analyze and evaluate SSD performance, including latency, bandwidth, and throughput, as it requires minimal a priori information about the storage devices. We construct the black-box models, using both synthetic workloads and real-world traces, on three SSDs, as well as an SSD RAID. We find that, while the black-box approach may produce less desirable performance predictions for hard disks, a black-box SSD model with a comprehensive set of workload characteristics can produce accurate predictions for latency, bandwidth, and throughput with small errors.
Nutritional and antinutritional composition of vegetable and grain amaranth leaves (1991)

Abstract The foliage of 61 accessionso f amaranthus comparising both the grain and vegetable types referable to 10 species were evaluated for carotenoid, protein, nitrate, odxalate and moisture contents (fresh weight). Carotenoid varied from 90 to 200 mg kg −1 in vegetable types and from 60 to 200 mg kg −1 in the leaves of grain types. Variation for leaf protein was found to be 14‐30, 15‐43 g kg −1 ; nitrate 1.8.‐8.8, 4.1‐9.2 g kg −1 ; oxalate 5.1‐19.2, 3‐16.5 g kg −1 ; and moisture 780‐860, 750‐840 g kg −1 in vegetable and grain types, respectively. Analysis of the amino acid composition of leaf protein of some high carotenoid lines revealed a well balanced composition with high lysine (40‐56 g kg −1 ). variation of all the five parameters (carotenoid, protein, nitrate, oxalate and moisture) with respect tot he leaf position in vegetable type (4‐ and 8‐week‐old plants) and with respect to age (‐ to 4‐month‐old plants) in grain types was also studied.
Phenomenographic elaboration: arts-based inquiry as a complement to data collection and analysis (2015)

Phenomenograhy, as an approach to educational research, began appearing in publications early in the 1980s with the predominant form of data drawn from semi-structured interviews. As a qualitative approach, it is used to describe the variations in people’s experiences through their own discourse and for analyzing meaning that people ascribe to their world. Critics of this approach have highlighted the need to pay closer attention to a deep examination of the phenomenon. This paper provides an overview of a doctoral study in progress, whereby a methodological elaboration has been developed in response to these points of critique. 

Given that the study sits within the early childhood education and care (ECEC) field, the authors postulate that by combining an arts-based inquiry technique with the traditional semi-structured interview technique, participants were more likely to feel at ease and therefore a greater depth of reflection on their own experiences would likely ensue. The production of the arts-based plate, as a representation of each participant’s lived experience in relation to the impacts of regulation on ECEC teacher’s pedagogy and practice, was used as a ‘spark’ to commence the semi-structured interview process and equally, provide an anchor for reference points for both participant and interviewer throughout that process. We argue that this methodological elaboration allowed a deeper examination of the phenomenon.
Cloning and sequencing of sakP encoding sakacin P, the bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake LTH 673 (1994)

Sakacin P is a heat-stable, unmodified peptide bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus sake LTH 673. The strain was isolated from fermented dry sausages and is well adapted to this habitat. The bacteriocin inhibits the growth of the opportunistic food pathogens Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes and therefore, it may improve the hygienic status of fermented food, i.e. meat products. Oligonucleotide probes were designed from the N-terminal amino acid sequence of sakacin P and used to identify sakP, the structural gene of sakacin P, on the chromosome of L. sake LTH 673. SakP was cloned into Escherichia coli NM554 and the nucleotide sequence of the gene and its adjacent regions were determined. Sakacin P appears to be synthesized as a prepeptide of 61 amino acids which is proteolytically processed to the mature bacteriocin consisting of 43 amino acids. Sequencing of the cloned fragment also revealed the presence of two other open reading frames orfX and orfY, which are located upstream and downstream of sakP, respectively, putatively encoding proteins of 52 and 98 amino acids, respectively. The functions of both ORFs remain unknown. Primer extension analysis revealed a promoter upstream of sakP. Two transcripts of approximately 0.35 and 1.0 kb were detected by Northern hybridization encoding either only sakP, or both sakP and orfY, respectively.
Trs85 directs a Ypt1 GEF, TRAPPIII, to the phagophore to promote autophagy (2010)

Macroautophagy (hereafter autophagy) is a ubiquitous process in eukaryotic cells that is integrally involved in various aspects of cellular and organismal physiology. The morphological hallmark of autophagy is the formation of double-membrane cytosolic vesicles, autophagosomes, which sequester cytoplasmic cargo and deliver it to the lysosome or vacuole. Thus, autophagy involves dynamic membrane mobilization, yet the source of the lipid that forms the autophagosomes and the mechanism of membrane delivery are poorly characterized. The TRAPP complexes are multimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) that activate the Rab GTPase Ypt1, which is required for secretion. Here we describe another form of this complex (TRAPPIII) that acts as an autophagy-specific GEF for Ypt1. The Trs85 subunit of the TRAPPIII complex directs this Ypt1 GEF to the phagophore assembly site (PAS) that is involved in autophagosome formation. Consistent with the observation that a Ypt1 GEF is directed to the PAS, we find that Ypt1 is essential for autophagy. This is an example of a Rab GEF that is specifically targeted for canonical autophagosome formation.
Intracranial hemorrhage detection by 3D voxel segmentation on brain CT images (2015)

Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a vital disease which occurs due to leakage or rupture of blood vessels within the brain tissue. In this paper, we propose a novel three-dimensional (3D) method for segmenting hemorrhage regions from a series of brain computed tomography (CT) images. This method combines a supervoxel approach for rough segmentation and three-dimensional graph cuts for refined segmentation. The main novelty of this method is to generalize traditional 2D segmentation of intracranial hemorrhage to a 3D approach, so that the intra-frame information of CT images is utilized to obtain better segmentation results. To evaluate the method, a brain CT database is built, which consists of 20 patients with intracranial hemorrhage at different sizes and locations. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides segmentation which is similar to the manually labeled ground truth and outperforms existing 3D methods in accuracy and time-complexity.
Comparison of four outdoor pilot-scale photobioreactors (2015)

Vertical photobioreactors resulted in higher areal productivities than horizontal photobioreactors because of the lower incident photon flux densities on the reactor surface. The flat panel photobioreactor resulted, among the vertical photobioreactors studied, in the highest average photosynthetic efficiency, areal and volumetric productivities due to the short optical path. Photobioreactor light interception should be further optimized to maximize ground areal productivity and photosynthetic efficiency.
Macroscopic Spinning Chirality Memorized in Spin‐Coated Films of Spatially Designed Dendritic Zinc Porphyrin <i>J</i>‐Aggregates (2004)

Supramolecular polymerization of dendritic zinc porphyrins with two carboxylic acid functionalities leads to the formation of J-aggregates through multipoint π-stacking interactions. Spin-coating of the J-aggregate solutions gives optically active films, whose sense of chirality can be selected by the spinning direction (see picture). The chiroptical memory is thermally stable up to the melting temperatures of the spin-coated films. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z461431_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multi-beam Luneburg lens antenna for cellular communications (2015)

In this paper, we propose a Luneburg lens based multi-beam antenna solution for cellular communications. The solution uses a Luneburg lens fed by an array of appropriately placed dual-polarized radiators. As the coupling between the dual-polarized radiators and the reflections from the Luneburg lens are small, a beam-to-beam isolation of better than 30dB is achieved. Contemporary air interfaces such as LTE significantly benefit from high isolation between beams/sectors yielding much higher capacity/throughput. Furthermore, because of the spherical symmetry of the lens, the beams are identical and symmetrical in shape. Our Luneburg lens multi-beam antenna is broadband and provides up to 120° angular coverage with minimal beam variation in frequency due to the special design of the radiators. The cross-over between adjacent beams is designed for a nominal value of −10dB, which is generally accepted as optimal for 3G and 4G wireless network operation. It has been tested and shown to significantly improve the capacity of base station.
Enhanced Residual Echo Cancellation using Estimation of Delay and Fast LMS/Newton Algorithm based on Autoregressive Model (2006)

With the advent of packetized audio transmission, echo cancellation has put forth many challenging requirements. Using an adaptive filter echo cancellation algorithm only in the active region in which echo exists, its performance can be greatly increased, and its complexity can be reduced. The proposed scheme estimates the constant delay and locates the active regions and is integrated with the fast LMS/Newton algorithm for efficient realization of long adaptive filters. We assume that the input sequence to the adaptive filter can be modeled as an autoregressive (AR) process whose order may be kept much lower than the adaptive filter length. In addition, the proposed echo cancellation is further integrated with residual echo cancellation scheme based on the autoregressive (AR) analysis. Residual echo is whitened by the inverse filter using the estimated AR coefficients. Removing speech characteristics of the residual echo signal, the noise reduction system successfully reduces the power of residual echo as well as that of ambient noise. The result of this integration is a powerful echo cancellation scheme that has improved performance and higher suitability for VLSI designs providing efficient operation in packetized audio transmission, hands free telephony, and commercial mobile communications.
Rate of buthionine sulfoximine entry into brain and xenotransplanted human gliomas. (1990)

Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) is an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis and can be used to potentiate the effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents and radiotherapy. We examined the rates of influx and efflux of [35S]BSO administered to athymic mice with and without xenografted D-54MG human gliomas. Three analytic approaches were applied to the experimental data to obtain values of the blood-to-tissue influx constant, K1, of BSO. Multiple time point experiments in tumor-bearing mice were analyzed with a two-compartment model and nonlinear fitting routines, and by graphical analysis which assumed no backflux of BSO from tissue to blood. A third approach used single time point data in nontumor-bearing mice and assumed no backflux. Calculated values of the K1 of BSO ranged from 0.23 to 1.35 microliters/g/min in tumor-free cortex, and from 5.3 to 6.3 microliters/g/min in the D-54MG gliomas. The tissue-to-blood efflux constant, k2, was zero in both cortex and tumor, suggesting that BSO entered cells and was trapped once it crossed the blood-brain barrier. Estimates of plasma vascular space (Vp) ranged from 2 to 20 microliters/g in cortex, and from 103 to 169 microliters/g in tumor. Another set of experiments, done in normal mice with different doses of BSO, suggested that BSO competes for neutral amino acid transport sites at the blood-brain barrier, but that the capacity of the carrier-mediated transport system is low and saturates at administered doses of about 0.5 mmol/kg (corresponding to plasma concentrations of about 12 mumol/ml). The rate of entry into brain was proportional to the octanol/water partition coefficient and molecular weight of BSO, which also supports passive diffusion as the means of entry. Consequently, although the rate of BSO entry into D-54MG gliomas was between 4 and 30 times higher than the rate of entry into tumor-free cortex, the results of these experiments suggest that most of the BSO that enters brain tumors in the doses commonly used in experimental situations will cross capillaries by passive diffusion.
Dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic modes (2005)

We study the dynamics of magnetization coupled to a thermal bath of elastic modes using a system plus reservoir approach with realistic magnetoelastic coupling. After integrating out the elastic modes we obtain a self-contained equation for the dynamics of the magnetization. We find explicit expressions for the memory friction kernel and hence, via the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, for the spectral density of the magnetization thermal fluctuations. For magnetic samples in which the single domain approximation is valid, we derive an equation for the dynamics of the uniform mode. Finally we apply this equation to study the dynamics of the uniform magnetization mode in insulating ferromagnetic thin films. As experimental consequences we find that the fluctuation correlation time is of the order of the ratio between the film thickness, $h$, and the speed of sound in the magnet and that the linewidth of the ferromagnetic resonance peak should scale as ${B}_{1}^{2}h$ where ${B}_{1}$ is the magnetoelastic coupling constant.
Virtual measurements using neural networks and fuzzy logic (1992)

This paper reports on a fuzzy-neural methodology which is developed for the purpose of measuring plant parameters (e.g., performance) difficult to estimate in a timely and reliable manner. In the virtual measurement methodology presented the output of a measurement is considered to be a fuzzy number, called Virtual Measurement Value (VMV). VMVs are obtained through a complex-to-simple mapping performed by artificial neural networks. Each virtual measurement value is uniquely identified by a trapezoidal membership function learned by a simple network using the back-propagation learning algorithm. The actual output at any given time is selected through an index of dissemblance, which is a measure of similarity between two fuzzy numbers. The methodology is tested with start-up data form an experimental nuclear reactor.