gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Analysis of <i>Drosophila</i> Larval Neuromuscular Junction Morphology (2012)

In the past decade, a significant number of proteins involved in the developmental assembly and maturation of synapses have been identified. However, detailed knowledge of the molecular processes underlying developmental synapse assembly is still sparse. We have developed an approach that makes extended in vivo imaging of selected proteins in live Drosophila larvae feasible at a single-synapse resolution. The intact larvae are anesthetized and neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) are noninvasively imaged with confocal microscopy. This method allows for both protein trafficking and protein turnover kinetics to be studied at various points in time during the development of an animal. These data contribute to our understanding of synaptic assembly under in vivo conditions. Image analysis and quantification are best performed in three dimensions (3D; e.g., with the software Imaris by Bitplane), but they can also be performed using a simpler method for two-dimensional (2D) analysis using the free software ImageJ as presented in this protocol. We propose various possibilities for how an analysis may be performed with ImageJ, rather than providing an inflexible protocol, in which the steps must be followed without modifications. Although execution of most of the tools will be described via the ImageJ menu, most are also readily accessible through icons in ImageJ McMaster Biophotonics Facility (MBF) toolsets. These toolsets can also very easily be adapted for higher efficiency.
A study on deep neural network acoustic model adaptation for robust far-field speech recognition (2015)

Even though deep neural network acoustic models provide an increased degree of robustness in automatic speech recognition, there is still a large performance drop in the task of far-field speech recognition in reverberant and noisy environments. In this study, we explore DNN adaptation techniques to achieve improved robustness to environmental mismatch for far-field speech recognition. In contrast to many recent studies investigating the role of feature processing in DNN-HMM systems, we focus on adaptation of a clean-trained DNN model to speech data captured by a distant-talking microphone in a target environment with substantial reverberation and noise. We show that significant performance gains can be obtained by discriminatively estimating a set of adaptation parameters to compensate the mismatch between a clean-trained model and a small set of noisy and reverberant adaptation data. Using various adaptation strategies, relative word error rate improvements of up to 16% could be obtained on the single-channel task of the recent Aspire challenge.
Indoor robot navigation using a POMDP based on WiFi and ultrasound observations (2005)

This paper presents a robot navigation system for indoor environments using a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) based on WiFi signal strength and ultrasound observations. The paper represents the first one in using WiFi sensor readings as an observation in a POMDP. We present an algorithm based on an EM-SLAM that we called WSLAM (Wifi simultaneous localization and mapping) that is able to learn the observation and transition matrix in autonomous mode. With this algorithm we obtain a minimum calibration effort. We demonstrate that this system is useful to navigate in indoor environments with a real robot. Some experimental results are shown. Finally, the conclusions and future works are presented.
A new Ovula from California (1916)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Mechanical deformation and chemical degradation of thin-film platinum under aging and electrical stimulation (2017)

Miniaturization of electrodes is a prerequisite of selective and targeted interaction with single neurons, enabling more applications in the continuously growing field of neuroprostheses. Miniaturization in all three dimensions of the electrical contact sites should maintain or increase longevity and electrical functionality. The thin-film metallization of the electrode site, which is only a couple of hundreds of nanometers thick, has to withstand high chemical load through the corrosive environment in the body and the electrochemical processes during electrical stimulation in vivo. Platinum (Pt), which is known to be chemically inert and mechanical stable as bulk material shows a lack of chemical and mechanical integrity applied in thin-film microelectrodes. In our study we investigated failure mechanisms of thin-film Pt electrodes under conditions of electrode aging and electrical stimulation in different physiological media. To understand and eventually overcome stability loss, we investigated the intrinsic structural stress and deformations that arose from mechanical loading through chemical impact and electrical stimulation using optical microscopy and white-light interferometry. Electrochemical measurements indicated oxidation and surface roughening as two of the degradation processes in thin-film electrodes. From the results presumptions about the underlying microstructural changes were made.
Antitumor activity of methyl-4 H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-yl-carbamodithioate-S,S,-dioxide. (1990)

The antitumor activity of the methyl-6-chloro-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-yl-S-carbamothioate+ ++-S,S,-dioxide (1) and the methyl-4H-1,2,4-benzothiadiazin-3-yl-carbamodithioate-S,S-di oxide (2), has been evaluated. Compound 2 passed activity criteria for leukemia P388 and was also moderately active against transplanted mouse tumor L1210 leukemia and M5076 sarcoma.
A dual-polarization rain profiling algorithm (2006)

A new attenuation correction algorithm based on profiles of reflectivity, differential reflectivity, and differential propagation phase shift is presented. A solution for specific attenuation retrieval in rain medium is proposed, which solves the integral equations for reflectivity and differential reflectivity with cumulative differential propagation phase shift constraint. The conventional rain profiling algorithms that connect reflectivity and specific attenuation can retrieve specific attenuation values along the radar path assuming a constant intercept parameter of the normalized drop size distribution. However, in convective storms, the drop size distribution parameters can have significant variation along the path. This paper presents a dual-polarization rain profiling algorithm for horizontal looking radars incorporating reflectivity as well as differential reflectivity profiles. The dual-polarization rain profiling algorithm has been evaluated with X-band radar observations simulated from drop size distribution derived from high-resolution S-band measurements collected by the Colorado Statue University CHILL radar. The analysis shows that the retrieved specific attenuation, differential attenuation, reflectivity, and differential reflectivity from the dual-polarization rain profiling algorithm provide significant improvement over the current algorithms.
Catching flies with honey tokens (2009)

So there you are in your boss's office. He has called you in because your company-confidential database data has turned up in the hands of your competitor. He's not happy and he wants a scapegoat. How can you ensure it's not you?
MMC Pistons a Solution for 1990's High Output Diesels (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A new type of Aluminum piston has been developed to meet the stringent emissions and durability requirements of high output Diesel engines for the 1990's. The successful application of Metal Matrix Composite reinforcements to the superior combination of production squeeze casting and single-axis turning provides a solution for most of the identifiable problems of this class of engines, e.g.- increased peak pressures, improved K factor &amp; improved oil economy. A simultaneous design/manufacturing/quality approach insured the reliability and cost effectiveness of this concept compared with other potential solutions.</div>
Active Optical Metasurfaces Based on Defect-Engineered Phase-Transition Materials (2015)

Active, widely tunable optical materials have enabled rapid advances in photonics and optoelectronics, especially in the emerging field of meta-devices. Here, we demonstrate that spatially selective defect engineering on the nanometer scale can transform phase-transition materials into optical metasurfaces. Using ion irradiation through nanometer-scale masks, we selectively defect-engineered the insulator-metal transition of vanadium dioxide, a prototypical correlated phase-transition material whose optical properties change dramatically depending on its state. Using this robust technique, we demonstrated several optical metasurfaces, including tunable absorbers with artificially induced phase coexistence and tunable polarizers based on thermally triggered dichroism. Spatially selective nanoscale defect engineering represents a new paradigm for active photonic structures and devices.
Recovery Stress Associated with R-Phase Transformation in TiNi Shape Memory Alloy : Properties under Constant Residual Strain (1994)

The recovery stress associated with the R-phase transformation in TiNi shape memory alloy was investigated experimentally with respect to constant residual strain. The results are summarized as follows. (1) The recovery stress in the heating process is larger than the R-phase transformation stress in the loading process at low temperature. (2) In the heating process, the recovery stress occurs at about 320 K and takes a maximum value at about 335 K. The recovery stress increases along the reverse transformation line on the stress-temperature plane. (3) The higher the shape memory processing temperature, the larger the recovery stress. (4) The larger the maximum strain at low temperature, the larger the recovery stress.
Thermal Expansion of Benitoite (BaTiSi<sub>3</sub>O<sub>9</sub>) (1973)

Thermal expansion of benitoite (BaTiSi3O9) was measured at the temperature range between 25° and 865°C by using a high temperature X-ray diffractometer, and the result was discussed in relation to its crystal structure. The results obtained were as follows.1) Benitoite shows a linear expansion along the a axis and a parabolic contraction along the c axis.2) The thermal expansion behaviour of henitoite is markedly similar to those of other ring silicates, namely heryl and cordierite; that is, it expands along the direction parallel to the rings (a axis) and contracts along the direction normal to them (c axis).
Viscoelasticity in Biological Systems: A Special Focus on Microbes (2012)

A Special Focus on Microbes 125 and movement of subcellular macromolecules (such as DNA and proteins), elasticity controls the response of the cytoplasm to mechanical stresses at shorter timescales (seconds), organelles and cytoskeleton elements over long timescales (minutes), and the contractile mechanical regime governs responses at even longer time scales (minutes to hours).
Preparation, swelling behaviors and application of polyacrylamide/attapulgite superabsorbent composites (2006)

Abstract A series of superabsorbent composites, polyacrylamide/attapulgite (PAMA), were prepared from acrylamide (AM) and attapulgite micropowder in aqueous solution, using N , N ′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator and then saponified with sodium hydroxide solution. This paper focuses on swelling behaviors of the PAMA superabsorbent composites in various saline solutions. The results indicate that saline solutions can weaken the swelling abilities of the PAMA compsites greatly. Water absorbency of the PAMA composites with 20 and 40 wt% attapulgite in aqueous chloride salt solutions has the following order: Li + = Na + = K + , Mg 2+ > Ca 2+ = Ba 2+ all through the range of concentration investigated. However, swelling properties of the composites are complicated in CuCl 2(aq) , AlCl 3(aq) and FeCl 3(aq) solutions and are related to saline solutions concentration. The deswelling behavior of PAMA composites is more obvious in univalent chloride salt solutions than in divalent and trivalent ones. The influence of kind and valence of anions on swelling ability of the composites is limited and almost the same. Moreover, reswelling capability, practical water retention ability in sand soil of the composites and the effect of pH on water absorbency of the PAMA composites were investigated. The PAMA composite shows good water retention and reswelling ability in sand soil, and may be used as a recyclable water‐managing material for the renewal of arid and desert environment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and Biological Activities of Sulfated Derivatives of (1.RAR.3)-.BETA.-D-Glucans. (1991)

Sulfated derivatives of (1----3)-beta-D-glucans with different degree of branching (DB) i.e., curdlan (linear, DB 0), grifolan (6-O-substituted by beta-D-glucose at every third residue of the main chain, DB 1/3), and SSG (6-O-substituted by beta-D-glucose at every second residue, DB 1/2) having DS value (degree of substitution) lower than 0.6 were prepared. Biological activities [clotting of plasma, alternative pathway of complement (APC), proliferative response of murine spleen cells (mitogenic activity), and activation of murine peritoneal macrophages in vitro] of these derivatives were examined. Clotting of plasma was inhibited by the derivatives having DS above 0.2 APC was inhibited by incubation with derivatives and was strongly dependent on substitution. Inhibition of APC was the most significant in sulfated SSG having DS 0.6 [SSG(3)]. Mitogenic activity was observed by most of the derivatives and the highest activity was shown by SSG(1) (DS 0.2). Macrophage was also activated but SSG(1) would lose the capability to recognize the receptor for (1----3)-beta-D-glucans. From these results, it appears that the biological activities of (1----3)-beta-D-glucans were significantly modulated by sulfation and the effect was dependent on both DS and DB.
Using Source-Level Transformations to Improve High-Level Synthesis Debug and Validation on FPGAs (2015)

This paper proposes a method for extending source-level visibility into the RTL of an HLS-generated design using automated source-level transformations. Using our method, source-level visibility can be extended into co-simulation, in-system simulation, and hardware execution of any HLS tool that provides the ability to infer top-level ports. Experimental results show the feasibility of our method in situations where visibility needs to be added without modifying the timing, latency, or throughput of the design.
Optical characterization of Copper Oxide thin films prepared by reactive dc magnetron sputtering for solar cell applications (2012)

Cu2O thin films have been deposited using reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique using an Edward Auto 306 Magnetron Sputtering System. Transmittance and reflectance data in the range 300 nm-2500 nm were obtained using UV-VIS NIR Spectrophotometer Solid State 3700 DUV for all the thin films samples that were prepared. Transmittance values of above 70% were observed. The optical measurements were simulated using SCOUT 98 software to determine optical constants and optical bad gap of the thin. The optical properties in these films were varied by varying oxygen flow rate at constant powerof 200 W. Optical studies show a direct allowed transition and a shift in the optical absorption edge as the oxygen flow rate varies at constant argon flow rate and other deposition parameters. These results show that single phase Cu2O thin films can be synthesized at a relatively low substrate temperature using the reactive dc magnetron sputtering technique. Band gap values of 1.62 eV -2.54 eV is observed. The surface sheet resistivities at room temperature of 298 K were found to vary with the deposition parameters and film thickness. Urbach energy varied between 0.6 ×10-4 to 1.92 ×104.
Hammerhead Minizymes with High Cleavage Activity:  A Dimeric Structure as the Active Conformation of Minizymes (1996)

A number of minizymes with short oligonucleotide linkers (one to four bases) instead of stem-loop II were constructed. Only two of the minizymes examined had cleavage activity similar to that of the full-sized ribozyme. The minizymes with high activity formed dimeric structures with a common stem II. A significant contribution to stabilization of such a dimeric structure is probably made by nonstandard base pairing and a Mg2+ ion in both catalytic cores of the dimer. Interaction with the substrate also stabilized the dimeric structures. Thus, active minizymes can be designed with a self-complementary linker sequence with G and C on 5‘ and 3‘ sides, respectively, of the linker which induces the intermolecular interactions that lead to formation of active dimers.
Butanol and Acetone from Corn<sup>1</sup>: A Description of the Fermentation Process (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTButanol and Acetone from Corn1: A Description of the Fermentation ProcessD. H. KillefferCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1927, 19, 1, 46–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1927https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50205a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1018 KB) Get e-Alerts
Rheological Responses to Variations in Aqueous-Based Zirconium Crosslinker Chemistry (1997)

Abstract Aqueous based zirconium crosslinked fracturing fluids have seen widespread service since the early 1980's. Today, zirconium crosslinkers are used with many types of polymer solutions, across a pH range of from less than 1 to greater than 12. at bottom-hole temperatures of from less than 100F to greater than 400F. There is no doubt among workers in the field that the same zirconium crosslinked fracturing fluid is not suitable for such a wide range of applications, and, yet, there has yet to be published a systematic evaluation of the impact first order changes in the composition of zirconium crosslinkers have on rheological performance. This study endeavors to provide such a systematic evaluation. Aqueous-based zirconium crosslinked systems can be made with a wide range of functionality to meet specific performance needs. In hydraulic fracturing fluid systems utilizing zirconium crosslinked guar or guar derivatives, changes in the crosslinker due to differences in the zirconium raw material source, the ligand to metal ratio, cation type, and pH of the system cause significant differences in rheological performance. In particular, crosslink time, temperature and stability at temperature (for a given shear regime) can be controlled by manipulation of the aforementioned factors. This study presents a systematic evaluation of these factors and discusses how an understanding of their interrelationships is essential in predicting performance of a crosslinker or designing a new fluid system.
Characterization of an Autonomously Activated Plant ADP-Glucose Pyrophosphorylase   (2008)

Abstract ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis in plants and changes in its catalytic and/or allosteric properties can lead to increased starch production. Recently, a maize (Zea mays)/potato (Solanum tuberosum) small subunit mosaic, MP [Mos(1–198)], containing the first 198 amino acids of the small subunit of the maize endosperm enzyme and the last 277 amino acids from the potato tuber enzyme, was expressed with the maize endosperm large subunit and was reported to have favorable kinetic and allosteric properties. Here, we show that this mosaic, in the absence of activator, performs like a wild-type AGPase that is partially activated with 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3-PGA). In the presence of 3-PGA, enzyme properties of Mos(1–198)/SH2 are quite similar to those of the wild-type maize enzyme. In the absence of 3-PGA, however, the mosaic enzyme exhibits greater activity, higher affinity for the substrates, and partial inactivation by inorganic phosphate. The Mos(1–198)/SH2 enzyme is also more stable to heat inactivation. The different properties of this protein were mapped using various mosaics containing smaller portions of the potato small subunit. Enhanced heat stability of Mos(1–198) was shown to originate from five potato-derived amino acids between 322 and 377. These amino acids were shown previously to be important in small subunit/large subunit interactions. These five potato-derived amino acids plus other potato-derived amino acids distributed throughout the carboxyl-terminal portion of the protein are required for the enhanced catalytic and allosteric properties exhibited by Mos(1–198)/SH2.
Minimum memory implementations of the lifting scheme (2000)

All publications on the lifting scheme up to now consider non-casual systems, where the assumption is that the whole input signal is buffered. This is problematic if we want to use lifting gin a low memory scenario. In this paper we present an analysis for making a lifting implementation of a filter bank causal, while at the same time reducing the amount of delay needed for the whole system. The amount of memory needed for the lifting implementation of any filter bank can br shown to be always smaller than the corresponding convolution implementation. The amount of memory saving sis filter bank dependent, it ranges form no savings for the Haar transform to 40 percent for a 2-10 filter bank. The amount of savings depends on the number of lifting steps as well as the length of the lifting steps used. We will also elaborate on the use of boundary extensions on each lifting step instead of the whole signal. This leads to lower memory requirements as well as simpler implementations.
The Argonautes (2006)

RNA interference (RNAi) has been greatly exploited in recent years as an increasingly effective tool to study gene function by gene silencing. The introduction of exogenous double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into a cell can trigger this gene silencing process. An RNase III family enzyme, Dicer, initiates silencing by releasing approximately 20 base duplexes, with 2- nucleotide 3' overhangs called siRNAs. The RNAi pathway also mediates the function of endogenous, noncoding regulatory RNAs called miRNAs. Both miRNAs and siRNAs guide substrate selection by similar if not identical effector complexes called RISCs. These contain single-stranded versions of the small RNA and additional protein components. Of those, the signature element, at the heart of all RISCs, is a member of the Argonaute family of proteins. Our structural and biochemical studies on Argonaute identified this protein as Slicer, the enzyme in RISC that cleaves the mRNA as directed by the siRNA. The role of the Argonautes as Slicers and non-Slicers is discussed.