gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Black - II - The Role of Oxygen (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon Black - II - The Role of OxygenC. R. JohnsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 12, 1288–1290Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50240a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50240a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
"Thalofide Cell"—a New Photo-Electric Substance (1920)

A new photo-electric cell is described which is composed of thallium, oxygen and sulphur. This cell shows maximum sensitiveness to light of wave-length about 10000 Angstrom units. Some of the best cells lower their dark resistance by fifty per cent. in.06 foot candles when the light source is a tungsten filament. The dark resistance of different cells may be from 5 megohms to 500 megohms. The induction and deduction periods of the cells are very small. The chief characteristics of the cell are mentioned.
[Expression of FAP and alpha-SMA during the incised wound healing in mice skin]. (2009)

FAP may be a potentially useful marker for wound age determination and alpha-SMA may be used as an effective indicator for the mid- and late stage incised wound of mice skin. The combination use of FAP and alpha-SMA may be potentially effective indicators for wound age determination.
A New Class of Functionalized Polyoxometalates:  Synthetic, Structural, Spectroscopic, and Electrochemical Studies of Organoimido Derivatives of [Mo<sub>6</sub>O<sub>19</sub>]<sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup> (2000)

A convenient method for the systematic introduction of a variety of organoimido ligands at terminal oxo sites in the hexamolybdate cluster [Bu4N]2[Mo6O19] is described, consisting of reaction with the appropriate organic isocyanate RNCO (R = n-butyl, cyclohexyl, 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) in pyridine solution. Singly functionalized imido-hexamolybdates [Mo6O18(NR)]2- incorporating each of the above substituents are described. In the case of the 2,6-(diisopropyl)phenylimido ligand (NAr), multiple functionalization has also been achieved: hexamolybdate derivatives [Mo6O(19-x)(NAr)x]2- incorporating two, three, four, and five NAr ligands at terminal sites have been prepared. The complexes have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry, multinuclear (1H, 14N, 17O, and 95Mo) NMR and electronic spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
Comparative van der Waals density-functional study of graphene on metal surfaces (2010)

We present a comparative van der Waals density-functional (vdW-DF) study of graphene adsorbed on (111) surfaces of Ni, Cu, Pd, Ag, Au, and Pt, using the second version of vdW-DF (vdW-DF2) of Lee et al. [Phys. Rev. B 82, 081101(R) (2010)] and the exchange functional (C09) developed by Cooper [Phys. Rev. B 81, 161104(R) (2010)]. We show that the use of the vdW-DF2 correlation together with the C09 exchange yields the most satisfactory results: Adsorption geometries of graphene are in good agreement with available experiment data, and the electronic structure of graphene varies depending on the nature of the substrate. Band-gap opening at the $K$ point observed on the Ni(111) surface is reproduced reasonably well.
Matching Long Text Documents via Graph Convolutional Networks (2018)

Identifying the relationship between two text objects is a core research problem underlying many natural language processing tasks. A wide range of deep learning schemes have been proposed for text matching, mainly focusing on sentence matching, question answering or query document matching. We point out that existing approaches do not perform well at matching long documents, which is critical, for example, to AI-based news article understanding and event or story formation. The reason is that these methods either omit or fail to fully utilize complicated semantic structures in long documents. In this paper, we propose a graph approach to text matching, especially targeting long document matching, such as identifying whether two news articles report the same event in the real world, possibly with different narratives. We propose the Concept Interaction Graph to yield a graph representation for a document, with vertices representing different concepts, each being one or a group of coherent keywords in the document, and with edges representing the interactions between different concepts, connected by sentences in the document. Based on the graph representation of document pairs, we further propose a Siamese Encoded Graph Convolutional Network that learns vertex representations through a Siamese neural network and aggregates the vertex features though Graph Convolutional Networks to generate the matching result. Extensive evaluation of the proposed approach based on two labeled news article datasets created at Tencent for its intelligent news products show that the proposed graph approach to long document matching significantly outperforms a wide range of state-of-the-art methods.
Representing Wells in Numerical Reservoir Simulation: Part 1 – Theory (1981)

Abstract A reservoir simulation system uses an analytical model to represent flow within a grid block as it enters or leaves a well. This model is called a well model. We give a description here of the theoretical background of a well model, including how the sandface pressure and saturation boundary conditions can be calculated and how the well boundary itself can be replaced (approximately) by a source function. This paper and the following companion paper, SPE 9770, present a unified viewpoint of material, some of which may be already familiar to simulator developers.
Production of slow positrons with a 100-MeV electron linac (1982)

Intense, pulsed beams of low-energy positrons have been produced by a high-energy beam from an electron linac. The production mechanism has been studied near 100-MeV incident energy and several characteristics that affect slow-positron production have been identified. These characteristics include the geometry of the electron-positron converter and positron moderator, the thickness of the converter, and the energy of the electron beam. The production efficiency for producing low-energy positrons has been determined experimentally. The results imply that low-energy positron beams from a linac can be of much higher intensity than those beams currently derived from radioactive sources.
Fidelity of<i>Thermococcus litoralis</i>DNA polymerase (Vent<sup>TM</sup>) in PCR determined by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (1991)

DNA synthesis fidelities of two thermostable DNA polymerases, Thermus aquaticus (Taq) and Thermococcus litoralis (Tli, also known as Vent), and a non-thermostable enzyme, a modified T7 DNA polymerase (Sequenase), were determined by analyzing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The error rates were 4.4, 8.9, and 2.4 x 10(-5) errors/bp for modified T7, Taq, and Tli polymerase, respectively. Reducing the nucleotide triphosphate concentration for Tli polymerase during PCR did not alter the fidelity. The ability of DGGE to detect a mutant present at several percent in a wild type population is related to the polymerase fidelity. To examine the sensitivity of mutant detection, human genomic DNA containing a 1% fraction of a known base pair substitution mutant was PCR-amplified with the three enzymes using primers that flank the mutant sequence. The PCR products were analyzed by DGGE. The signal from the mutant present at 1% was visible in the samples amplified with modified T7 and Tli polymerase, but the higher error rate of Taq polymerase did not permit visualization of the signal in DNA amplified with Taq polymerase.
Magnetic impurities in non-magnetic metals (1974)

The properties of 3d transition metal impurities in simple metal hosts are summarized. There is a short discussion of the basic microscopic models, then the Anderson model is treated in some detail. The next section considers the s-d model and the Kondo effect. The main experimental features are reviewed and finally the question of dilute alloys is considered.
In Vivo Regulation of CrkII and CrkL Proto-oncogenes in the Uterus by Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (1997)

Changes in CrkII and CrkL phosphorylation are associated with insulin-like growth factor receptor activation in cultured cells. We examined whether similar changes also occur following administration of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I to the intact animal. In female rats starved overnight, CrkL phosphorylation was significantly increased 12 min after insulin-like growth factor-I administration. Tyrosine phosphorylation of CrkII was not detectable in either control or treated animals. Paxillin, a 65-70-kDa phosphoprotein containing high affinity binding sites common for the Src homology 2 (SH2) domains of CrkII and CrkL, was observed in both CrkII and CrkL immunoprecipitates. Insulin-like growth factor-I treatment stimulated the association of CrkII with paxillin. In contrast, the same treatment resulted in the dissociation of the CrkL-paxillin complex. Similar effects of insulin-like growth factor-I treatment on the association of CrkL with tyrosine phosphorylated paxillin were observed in fibroblasts overexpressing CrkL. This study demonstrates that the activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor induces changes in the tyrosine phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions of the Crk proteins in vivo. The different responses of CrkL and CrkII to insulin-like growth factor-I receptor activation suggest distinct roles for these two adapter proteins in signal transduction.
Long-term follow-up of acute and chronic non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis: evidence of progression to liver cirrhosis. (1982)

The long-term outcome of non-A, non-B post-transfusion hepatitis was evaluated in 21 patients who developed the illness after open-heart surgery and could be followed thereafter up to five years. Histological chronic sequelae were documented in 13 patients, and consisted of chronic persistent hepatitis in one case, chronic lobular hepatitis in two and chronic active hepatitis in 10, five of whom also developed superimposed cirrhosis. Progression to these chronic states was in most cases symptomless, independently of the severity of liver lesions; one patient, however, died of gastrointestinal bleeding due to cirrhosis of the liver. During follow-up the biochemical pattern of chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis was unique, while striking fluctuations of transaminase levels. Liver histology proved essential to identify the severity of chronic liver lesions, as clinical and biochemical features were uniform and not indicative of it. Our results suggest that cirrhosis may develop, often with an asymptomatic course, in a significant number of patients who do not recover after acute post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis.
Direct comparison of the acute effects of lysergic acid diethylamide and psilocybin in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in healthy subjects (2022)

Growing interest has been seen in using lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin in psychiatric research and therapy. However, no modern studies have evaluated differences in subjective and autonomic effects of LSD and psilocybin or their similarities and dose equivalence. We used a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover design in 28 healthy subjects (14 women, 14 men) who underwent five 25 h sessions and received placebo, LSD (100 and 200 µg), and psilocybin (15 and 30 mg). Test days were separated by at least 10 days. Outcome measures included self-rating scales for subjective effects, autonomic effects, adverse effects, effect durations, plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), prolactin, cortisol, and oxytocin, and pharmacokinetics. The doses of 100 and 200 µg LSD and 30 mg psilocybin produced comparable subjective effects. The 15 mg psilocybin dose produced clearly weaker subjective effects compared with both doses of LSD and 30 mg psilocybin. The 200 µg dose of LSD induced higher ratings of ego-dissolution, impairments in control and cognition, and anxiety than the 100 µg dose. The 200 µg dose of LSD increased only ratings of ineffability significantly more than 30 mg psilocybin. LSD at both doses had clearly longer effect durations than psilocybin. Psilocybin increased blood pressure more than LSD, whereas LSD increased heart rate more than psilocybin. However, both LSD and psilocybin showed comparable cardiostimulant properties, assessed by the rate-pressure product. Both LSD and psilocybin had dose-proportional pharmacokinetics and first-order elimination. Both doses of LSD and the high dose of psilocybin produced qualitatively and quantitatively very similar subjective effects, indicating that alterations of mind that are induced by LSD and psilocybin do not differ beyond the effect duration. Any differences between LSD and psilocybin are dose-dependent rather than substance-dependent. However, LSD and psilocybin differentially increased heart rate and blood pressure. These results may assist with dose finding for future psychedelic research.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03604744.
EFFECT OF SALT ADDITIVES ON CONCRETE DEGRADATION (PHASE II). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (1995)

These data suggest that continuous thinning of the fibrous cap is not an essential prerequisite for plaque rupture in ICA stenosis. Symptomatic, but not ruptured plaque, were associated with the highest number of apoptotic SMC. Thus, it seems unlikely that SMC apoptosis promotes plaque rupture by fibrous cap thinning.
Phorbol esters induce differentiation in a pre-B-lymphocyte cell line by enhancing Na+/H+ exchange. (1984)

The murine pre-B-lymphocyte cell line 70Z /3 may be induced to differentiate to a surface immunoglobulin-positive phenotype by the polyclonal B-cell mitogen, lipopolysaccharide. This is accomplished via activation of an amiloride-sensitive Na+-uptake system ( Rosoff , P. M., and Cantley , L. C. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80, 7547-7550). Here we show that the active tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) also induces surface IgM expression in 70Z /3 cells. TPA also appears to work by activating a plasma membrane Na+/H+ exchange system. A significant increase in cellular Na+ was detected within 10 min after TPA addition and by 2 h an 80% increase was observed. Amiloride blocked both the induction of surface IgM and the increase in cellular Na+. Further evidence that both TPA and lipopolysaccharide activate Na+/H+ exchange was provided by measurements of intracellular pH with carboxyfluorescein. Both TPA and lipopolysaccharide caused a 0.15 unit increase in cytoplasmic pH within 5 min after addition to the cells at 37 degrees C. The pH change required high extracellular Na+ and was inhibited by amiloride. These data suggest a mechanism by which phorbol esters affect cellular growth and differentiation.
The hearing aid as warning signal receiver in noisy workplaces (1993)

Since assessment of employability should take into account to what extent a hearing aid may restore hearing capabilities, this study was undertaken in order to test the possibility of the hearing aid induction coil to act as an effective receiver for sound warning signals in noisy surroundings
Rapid Detection of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Methicillin-Resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) in Wound Specimens and Blood Cultures: Multicenter Preclinical Evaluation of the Cepheid Xpert MRSA/SA Skin and Soft Tissue and Blood Culture Assays (2009)

A multicenter preclinical evaluation was conducted to evaluate the performance of two Cepheid Xpert assays for detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and S. aureus. Sensitivity was 97.1% and 98.3% for MRSA in wound and blood culture specimens, respectively. Sensitivity was 100% for S. aureus from both specimen types.
Robust detection of hydrogen using differential AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistor sensing diodes (2006)

The use of AlGaN∕GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) differential sensing diodes is shown to provide robust detection of 1% H2 in air at 25°C. The active device in the differential pair is coated with 10nm of Pt to enhance catalytic dissociation of molecular hydrogen, while the reference diode is coated with Ti∕Au. The active diode in the pair shows an increase in forward current of several milliamperes at a bias voltage of 2.5V when exposed to 1% H2 in air. The HEMT diodes show a response approximately twice that of GaN Schottky diodes, due to the presence of piezoelectric and spontaneous polarization in the heterostructure. The use of the differential pair removes false alarms due to ambient temperature variations.
Peripheral heme substituents control the hydrogen-atom abstraction chemistry in cytochromes P450 (2003)

We elucidate the hydroxylation of camphor by cytochrome P450 with the use of density functional and mixed quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods. Our results reveal that the enzyme catalyzes the hydrogen-atom abstraction step with a remarkably low free-energy barrier. This result provides a satisfactory explanation for the experimental failure to trap the proposed catalytically competent high-valent heme Fe(IV) oxo (oxyferryl) species responsible for this hydroxylation chemistry. The primary and previously unappreciated contribution to stabilization of the transition state is the interaction of positively charged residues in the active-site cavity with carboxylate groups on the heme periphery. A similar stabilization found in dioxygen binding to hemerythrin, albeit with reversed polarity, suggests that this mechanism for controlling the relative energetics of redox-active intermediates and transition states in metalloproteins may be widespread in nature.
The short song of Brewer's Sparrow: individual and geographic variation in southern Idaho (2002)

Brewer's Sparrows (Spizella breweri) have two song types—a "short" song that has 1 to 3 trill types and a "long" song that has 5 to 10 or more trill types. I describe the short song and examine patterns of individual and geographic song variation from 15 sites on the Snake River Plain in southern Idaho. Territorial males sang the short song regularly during the breeding season. Two-trill song types comprised 72.9% of all song types, with 3-trill types (18.8%) and 1-trill types (8.2%) less frequent. Over 90% of the males sang their song type(s) essentially without variation. Many trill types appeared most often in only 1 of 3 possible song positions, i.e., 1st, 2nd, or 3rd trill. Trill types that occurred in different song positions differed in syllables per second, trill and syllable duration, and frequency variables. First trill types were more variable than 2nd or 3rd trill types. There was no evidence that birds at sites closer together shared more trill types or pairs of trill types than those farther apart. There was no tendency for territorial neighbors to sing similar song types. Brewer's Sparrows' small territories, dense populations, and apparently high rate of annual turnover may mediate against the evolution of song sharing or vocal dialects.
Determinants Flanking the CD4 Binding Loop Modulate Macrophage Tropism of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 R5 Envelopes (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 R5 viruses vary extensively in phenotype. Thus, R5 envelopes (env) in the brain tissue of individuals with neurological complications are frequently highly macrophage-tropic. Macrophage tropism correlates with the capacity of the envelope to exploit low CD4 levels for infection. In addition, the presence of an asparagine at residue 283 within the CD4 binding site has been associated with brain-derived envelopes, increased env-CD4 affinity, and enhanced macrophage tropism. Here, we identify additional envelope determinants of R5 macrophage tropism. We compared highly macrophage-tropic (B33) and non-macrophage-tropic (LN40) envelopes from brain and lymph node specimens of one individual. We first examined the role of residue 283 in macrophage tropism. Introduction of N283 into LN40 (T283N) conferred efficient macrophage infectivity. In contrast, substitution of N283 for the more conserved threonine in B33 had little effect on macrophage infection. Thus, B33 carried determinants for macrophage tropism that were independent of N283. We prepared chimeric B33/LN40 envelopes and used site-directed mutagenesis to identify additional determinants. The determinants of macrophage tropism that were identified included residues on the CD4 binding loop flanks that were proximal to CD4 contact residues and residues in the V3 loop. The same residues affected sensitivity to CD4-immunoglobulin G inhibition, consistent with an altered env-CD4 affinity. We predict that these determinants alter exposure of CD4 contact residues. Moreover, the CD4 binding loop flanks are variable and may contribute to a general mechanism for protecting proximal CD4 contact residues from neutralizing antibodies. Our results have relevance for env-based vaccines that will need to expose critical CD4 contact residues to the immune system.
Variable Optical Attenuator for Large Scale Integration: Design and Optimization (2001)

A thermo-optic variable optical attenuator design, based on controllable polymer waveguide bend radiation, is presented. Initial experiments demonstrated an attenuation range >30dB with an applied power of 250mW and average insertion losses of 1.5dB.
The hereditary spastic paraplegia proteins NIPA1, spastin and spartin are inhibitors of mammalian BMP signalling (2009)

The hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are genetic conditions characterized by distal axonopathy of the longest corticospinal tract axons, and so their study provides an important opportunity to understand mechanisms involved in axonal maintenance and degeneration. A group of HSP genes encode proteins that localize to endosomes. One of these is NIPA1 (non-imprinted in Prader-Willi/Angelman syndrome 1) and we have shown recently that its Drosophila homologue spichthyin inhibits bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signalling, although the relevance of this finding to the mammalian protein was not known. We show here that mammalian NIPA1 is also an inhibitor of BMP signalling. NIPA1 physically interacts with the type II BMP receptor (BMPRII) and we demonstrate that this interaction does not require the cytoplasmic tail of BMPRII. We show that the mechanism by which NIPA1 inhibits BMP signalling involves downregulation of BMP receptors by promoting their endocytosis and lysosomal degradation. Disease-associated mutant versions of NIPA1 alter the trafficking of BMPRII and are less efficient at promoting BMPRII degradation than wild-type NIPA1. In addition, we demonstrate that two other members of the endosomal group of HSP proteins, spastin and spartin, are inhibitors of BMP signalling. Since BMP signalling is important for distal axonal function, we propose that dysregulation of BMP signalling could be a unifying pathological component in this endosomal group of HSPs, and perhaps of importance in other conditions in which distal axonal degeneration is found.