gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relational agents : effecting change through human-computer relationships (2003)

What kinds of social relationships can people have with computers? Are there activities that computers can engage in that actively draw people into relationships with them? What are the potential benefits to the people who participate in these human-computer relationships? To address these questions this work introduces a theory of Relational Agents, which are computational artifacts designed to build and maintain long-term, social-emotional relationships with their users. These can be purely software humanoid animated agents--as developed in this work--but they can also be non-humanoid or embodied in various physical forms, from robots, to pets, to jewelry, clothing, hand-helds, and other interactive devices. Central to the notion of relationship is that it is a persistent construct, spanning multiple interactions; thus, Relational Agents are explicitly designed to remember past history and manage future expectations in their interactions with users. Finally, relationships are fundamentally social and emotional, and detailed knowledge of human social psychology--with a particular emphasis on the role of affect--must be incorporated into these agents if they are to effectively leverage the mechanisms of human social cognition in order to build relationships in the most natural manner possible. People build
Data Requirements and Preliminary Results of an Analog‐Model Evaluation—Arkansas River Valley in Eastern Colorado <sup>a</sup> (1967)

Abstract The intensively irrigated Arkansas River Valley in Colorado is underlain by a valley‐fill aquifer resting in a U‐shaped trough cut in relatively impermeable Cretaceous rocks. Ground water is pumped to supplement surface water; in the last 10 years pumping has more than doubled. Ground water is closely related to the Arkansas River; percolation from irrigation recharges the aquifer, which discharges into the river. Pumping has resulted in a reduction in streamflow because it intercepts water that ordinarily would have reached the river. The 1,500 irrigation wells in the Arkansas Valley withdrew 230,000 acre‐feet of water in 1964. An analog model is being used to evaluate the relation of ground water to surface water and to predict effects of changes in water management. The model, simulating a 150‐mile reach of the Arkansas Valley (Pueblo to the State line), has a resistor spacing of 8 per modeled mile. The framework for the model was a transmissibility map; transmissibility ranges from less than 50,000 to 700,000 gallons per day per foot. Specific yield averages about 0.2. Hydrologic boundaries, such as the Arkansas River, and the bedrock valley‐fill contact were simulated. Applied water, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and ground‐water pumping were the independent variables programed. The model is being verified by comparing predicted changes in water level and river discharge with observed changes.
Copper−Carbon Cluster CuC<sub>3</sub>: Structure, Infrared Frequencies, and Isotopic Scrambling (2008)

Copper-carbon clusters, formed by dual Nd/YAG laser vaporization, have been trapped in solid Ar at 12 K and investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Density functional calculations of a number of possible molecular structures for Cu/carbon clusters have been performed, and their associated vibrational harmonic mode frequencies and dissociation energies have been determined with a 6-311++G(3df) basis set using both B3LYP and MPW1PW91 functionals. Both computations and (13)C-isotopic substitution experiments indicate that new bands observed at 1830.0 and 1250.5 cm(-1) are due to the asymmetric and symmetric CC stretching modes, respectively, in the near-linear CuC3(X(2)A') cluster. Photoinduced (12/13)C-isotopic scrambling in Cu(12/13)C3 clusters has also been observed. The mechanism for the photoscrambling is shown to involve the formation of a bicyclic CuC3 isomer.
In vivo lung microvasculature visualized in three dimensions using fiber-optic color Doppler optical coherence tomography (2013)

For the first time, the use of fiber-optic color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) to map in vivo the three-dimensional (3-D) vascular network of airway segments in human lungs is demonstrated. Visualizing the 3-D vascular network in the lungs may provide new opportunities for detecting and monitoring lung diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lung cancer. Our CDOCT instrument employs a rotary fiber-optic probe that provides simultaneous two-dimensional (2-D) real-time structural optical coherence tomography (OCT) and CDOCT imaging at frame rates up to 12.5 frames per second. Controlled pullback of the probe allows 3-D vascular mapping in airway segments up to 50 mm in length in a single acquisition. We demonstrate the ability of CDOCT to map both small and large vessels. In one example, CDOCT imaging allows assignment of a feature in the structural OCT image as a large (∼1 mm diameter) blood vessel. In a second example, a smaller vessel (∼80 μm diameter) that is indistinguishable in the structural OCT image is fully visualized in 3-D using CDOCT.
Heterocyclisch [<i>c</i>]‐anellierte Cumarine aus 4‐Azido‐3‐cumarincarbaldehyden (1992)

Heterocyclic [ c ]‐Condensed Coumarins from 4‐Azido‐3‐coumarincarbaldehydes 4‐Azido‐3‐coumarincarbaldehydes 2a – d are useful starting materials for syntheses of a variety of 3,4‐disubstituted coumarins as well as heterocyclic [ c ]‐fused coumarins, e. g. isoxazoles, pyrazoles and 1,5‐diazepines, under mild conditions. In these reactions, 2a – d are – despite of their thermolability — superior to the corresponding 4‐chloro‐3‐coumarincarbaldehydes 1a – d , from which they were prepared. An improved method for the preparation of 1a – d from 4‐hydroxy‐coumarins is described.
Plant genomics (1999)

The rapidity with which genomic sequences of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and soon of rice are becoming available has strongly boosted plant molecular biology research. Here, two main genomic fields will be discussed: the progress in different structural genome projects, such as mapping, sequencing, genome organization and comparative genomics, and the so-called functional genomics approaches to analyze the genome using such molecular tools as transcript profiling, micro-arrays, and insertional mutagenesis. In addition a section on bioinformatics is included.
A hypertext based software-engineering environment (1992)

HyperCASE, an architectural framework for integrating CASE tools under an extended hypertext system, is described. HyperCASE's objective is to provide a powerful, user-friendly, integrated development platform that can significantly raise productivity. Its specific goal is to support software developers in project management, system analysis, design, and coding. HyperCASE integrates tools by combining a hypertext-based user interface with a common knowledge-based document repository. It includes extensive natural-language capabilities tailored to the CASE domain. These are used in the interface to the software repository, providing an alternative to hypertext information management and interdocument navigation. English input can be analyzed during informal system-requirements specification, allowing a significant degree of automation for design and concept reuse at the earliest development stages. HyperCASE's three subsystems, HyperEdit, the graphical user interface, HyperBase, the knowledge base, and HyperDict, the data dictionary, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon in synthesis. 8. Vinyltrimethylsilane, a convenient ethylene equivalent for the synthesis of vinyl arylsulfides, vinyl arylsulfoxides, thiosilylketene acetals, and fused cyclopentenones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon in synthesis. 8. Vinyltrimethylsilane, a convenient ethylene equivalent for the synthesis of vinyl arylsulfides, vinyl arylsulfoxides, thiosilylketene acetals, and fused cyclopentenonesFrank Cooke, Rudi Moerck, James Schwindeman, and Philip MagnusCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 6, 1046–1053Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01294a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01294a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views967Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DAG-aware AIG rewriting: a fresh look at combinational logic synthesis (2006)

This paper presents a technique for preprocessing combinational logic before technology mapping. The technique is based on the representation of combinational logic using And-Inverter Graphs (AIGs), a networks of two-input ANDs and inverters. The optimization works by alternating DAG-aware AIG rewriting, which reduces area by sharing common logic without increasing delay, and algebraic AIG balancing, which minimizes delay without increasing area. The new technology-independent flow is implemented in a public-domain tool ABC. Experiments on large industrial benchmarks show that the proposed methodology scales to very large designs and is several orders of magnitude faster than SIS and MVSIS while offering comparable or better quality when measured by the quality of the network after mapping.
L-ficolin in children with recurrent respiratory infections (2004)

The lectin pathway of complement activation is used by a collectin, mannan-binding lectin (MBL), and two ficolins, L-ficolin and H-ficolin, to opsonize microorganisms for phagocytosis. We published evidence recently that MBL insufficiency is associated with recurrent respiratory infections in childhood. We have now measured serum L-ficolin in 313 respiratory infection patients and 74 healthy control children. L-ficolin concentrations below the lower limit of the control group were found in 6% of the patients (P <0.02) and were associated most strongly with children having co-existing atopic disorders (11%; P=0.002). We suggest that L-ficolin may have a role in protection from microorganisms complicating allergic disease.
A model for active elements in cochlear biomechanics (1986)

A linear, mathematical model of cochlear biomechanics is presented in this paper. In this model, active elements are essential for simulating the high sensitivity and sharp tuning characteristic of the mammalian cochlea. The active elements are intended to represent the motile action of outer hair cells; they are postulated to be mechanical force generators that are powered by electrochemical energy of the cochlear endolymph, controlled by the bending of outer hair cell stereocilia, and bidirectionally coupled to cochlear partition mechanics. The active elements are spatially distributed and function collectively as a cochlear amplifier. Excessive gain in the cochlear amplifier causes spontaneous oscillations and thereby generates spontaneous otoacoustic emissions.
Urea-Based Ruthenium(II)−Polypyridyl Complex as an Optical Sensor for Anions:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Binding Studies (2007)

A new ruthenium(II) complex [Ru(bpy)2(1-(6-nitro-[1,10]phenanthrolin-5-yl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-urea)] (bpy=2,2'-bipyridyl) was synthesized and characterized using standard analytical and spectroscopic techniques. Detailed absorption, emission, and 1H NMR spectral studies revealed that this receptor molecule acts as a sensor for F-, CH3COO-, and H2PO4- in acetonitrile solution. Binding of these anions caused an appreciable change in the color of the acetonitrile solution, which could be detected with the naked eye. At relatively lower concentration of anions, 1:1 H-bonded adduct was formed; however, at higher concentration, classical Brønsted acid-base-type reaction prevailed. The relative binding affinity of different anions toward this receptor was evaluated and was rationalized with quantum chemical calculations. Narrowing of the gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels on deprotonation of the receptor molecule caused a faster decay of the luminescence lifetime for the Rudpi-->Lpi*/bpypi*-based triplet excited state.
Optical characterization of window materials for aerospace applications (2013)

An optical metrology laboratory has been developed to characterize the optical properties of optical window materials to be used for aerospace applications. Several optical measurement systems have been selected and developed to measure spectral transmittance, haze, clarity, birefringence, striae, wavefront quality, and wedge. In addition to silica based glasses, several optical lightweight polymer materials and transparent ceramics have been investigated in the laboratory. The measurement systems and selected empirical results for non-silica materials are described. These measurements will be used to form the basis of acceptance criteria for selection of window materials for future aerospace vehicle and habitat designs.
Triazine‐Based Graphitic Carbon Nitride: a Two‐Dimensional Semiconductor (2014)

Graphitic carbon nitride has been predicted to be structurally analogous to carbon-only graphite, yet with an inherent bandgap. We have grown, for the first time, macroscopically large crystalline thin films of triazine-based, graphitic carbon nitride (TGCN) using an ionothermal, interfacial reaction starting with the abundant monomer dicyandiamide. The films consist of stacked, two-dimensional (2D) crystals between a few and several hundreds of atomic layers in thickness. Scanning force and transmission electron microscopy show long-range, in-plane order, while optical spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations corroborate a direct bandgap between 1.6 and 2.0 eV. Thus TGCN is of interest for electronic devices, such as field-effect transistors and light-emitting diodes.
Identification of critical active‐site residues in angiotensin‐converting enzyme‐2 (ACE2) by site‐directed mutagenesis (2005)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) may play an important role in cardiorenal disease and it has also been implicated as a cellular receptor for the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus. The ACE2 active-site model and its crystal structure, which was solved recently, highlighted key differences between ACE2 and its counterpart angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), which are responsible for their differing substrate and inhibitor sensitivities. In this study the role of ACE2 active-site residues was explored by site-directed mutagenesis. Arg273 was found to be critical for substrate binding such that its replacement causes enzyme activity to be abolished. Although both His505 and His345 are involved in catalysis, it is His345 and not His505 that acts as the hydrogen bond donor/acceptor in the formation of the tetrahedral peptide intermediate. The difference in chloride sensitivity between ACE2 and ACE was investigated, and the absence of a second chloride-binding site (CL2) in ACE2 confirmed. Thus ACE2 has only one chloride-binding site (CL1) whereas ACE has two sites. This is the first study to address the differences that exist between ACE2 and ACE at the molecular level. The results can be applied to future studies aimed at unravelling the role of ACE2, relative to ACE, in vivo.
Assist Your Study at Home: Design, Implementation and Evaluation of the ULS System (2008)

With the great progress of technologies, computers are embedded into everywhere to make our daily life convenient, efficient and comfortable. Further more, most of them are small, powerful, intelligent and invisible. In a ubiquitous computing environment, support methods for learning are more effective than some traditional ways, such as WBT (Web-Based Training) and e-learning. In this paper, we proposed a support method which aims to encourage a learner to acquire his/her learning habit based on Behavior Analysis. The supports to the learner are provided through a scheduler system, a Ubiquitous Learning Scheduler (ULS). In our design, the learner’s situations are collected by sensors and analyzed by comparing them to his/her learning histories. Based on this information, supports are provided to the learner in order to help him/her forming a good learning style. Our Research results revealed that ULS not only benefited learners to acquire their learning habits but also improved their self-directed learning styles.
Morphometric Study of the Posterior Fossa: Identification of Practical Parameters for Tailored Selection of Surgical Routes to the Petroclival Region (2020)

<b>Introduction</b> The petroclival region is an integral part of the skull base. It can harbor different pathologies and provides access to the petroclival junction and cerebellopontine angle. We present the results of the morphometric analysis of the posterior fossa and a prediction model to enable skull base surgeons to choose an optimal surgical corridor considering patient's bony anatomy. <b>Methods</b> Ninety patients (14 to assess interobserver reliability) with temporal bone computed tomography were selected. Exclusion criteria included patients <18 years of age, radiographic evidence of trauma, infection, or previous surgery. The images were analyzed using OsiriX MD (Bernex, Switzerland). We recorded clival length, vertical angle, and surface area, and petroclival angle, petrous apex, and translabyrinthine corridors volume. <b>Results</b> The average age was 49.5 years (55%) for males. The mean clival length and surface areas were 44.2 mm (standard deviation [SD] ± 4.1) and 8.1 cm <sup>2</sup> (SD ± 1.3). The mean petrous apex and translabyrinthine corridors volumes were 2.2 cm <sup>3</sup> (SD ± 0.6) and 10.1 cm <sup>3</sup> (SD ± 3.7). The mean petroclival angle at the internal auditory canal (IAC) was 154.9 degrees (SD ± 9). The clival length correlated positively with clival surface area (rho = 0.6, <i>p</i> <0.05), petrous apex volume (rho = 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.05), and translabyrinthine volume (rho = 0.3, <i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusion</b> The petroclival region is complex and with high variability of surgical significance. The use of preoperative measurements of the clival length and petroclival angle as part of surgical planning that could help the surgeon to choose an optimal surgical corridor by overcoming the anatomical variability elements.
Cyclic Nucleotide-induced Maturation of Human Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells (1982)

Myeloid differentiation in vitro is characterized by the sequential appearance of morphological, functional, and biochemical markers of maturation. We examined the effect of agents that increased the intracellular concentration of adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate on the expression of these markers by human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60). Cells treated with 500 muM N(6),O(2)-dibutyryl adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate expressed formyl peptide and complement receptors, reduced nitroblue tetrazolium, adhered to substrate, demonstrated chemotaxis and stimulated lysosomal enzyme release, rapidly ceased proliferation, and assumed the morphology of myelocytes and metamyelocytes. Prostaglandin E(2) (100 nM) and theophyllin (500 muM) induced similar functional changes but the cells did not mature beyond the myelocyte stage. Cholera toxin (1 or 50 nM) induced formyl-peptide receptor expression and adherence, but the cells did not reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, continued to proliferate, and were unchanged morphologically. Formyl-peptide receptor expression was the earliest marker of these modified programs of maturation. The receptor appeared within 2 h after treatment and increased linearly for 72 h. Receptor expression was dependent on new protein synthesis. At 48 h, Scatchard analysis demonstrated 2.4 x 10(5) receptors/ cell with a K(D) of 1.3 nM. In contrast to induction of HL60 differentiation by dimethyl sulfoxide, retinoic acid, or phorbol myristate acetate, the developmental programs initiated by agents that raised intracellular adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate shared several unique features: (a) plasma membrane maturation was dissociated from morphological maturation; (b) no latent period was evident following induction-the earliest membrane marker was expressed within 2 h; (c) commitment to terminal differentiation was delayed.
A program generator for object-based implementation of communication protocol software (2003)

In this paper, a program generator for communication protocol software is presented. Our program generator takes an extended finite state machine as a domain model and generates a group of C++ classes needed for an implementation. For each state of the FSM, a C++ class is generated, where the interface events are implemented as member functions of the corresponding state object. PDUs are embedded as Message objects and specified in the same way as packet filter and is interpreted to generate necessary PDU definition statements and PDU manipulation statements. Also, protocol objects from different layers can be linked together by using an organization model, where a protocol entity is invoked by its upper layer entity or lower layer entity by member function calls.
Glyoxylate Cycle (2001)

Abstract Some organisms possess enzymes that allow the net conversion of acetyl‐CoA to succinate. This is accomplished by a special pathway, the glyoxylate cycle, which may be regarded as an anaplerotic (replenishing) pathway.