gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generating presentation constraints from rhetorical structure (2000)

Hypermedia structured in terms of the higher-level intent of its author can be adapted to a wider variety of final presentations. Many multimedia systems encode such level intent as constraints on either time, spatial layout or navigation. Once specified, these constraints are translated into specific presentations whose timelines, screen displays and navigational structure satisfy these constraints. This ensures that the desired spatial, temporal and navigation properties are maintained no matter how the presentation is adapted to varying circumstances.
Analytical model to study a new design concept for providing comfort in hot arid climate (2017)

A special design of clothing based on ‘sombrero-effect’ by inclined wedge providing shadow on the base material has been proposed and investigated analytically in this study to improve the thermo-physiological comfort under dry and hot environment. The design involves small strips of opaque surface on the base fabric of the outerwear to provide tiny shadows at an inclination. The analysis of the heat and mass transfer in the proposed design enables numerical prediction of cooling heat flow at skin surface level. The predicted values are then compared with experimental data by simulating the conditions using a vertical skin model. The effects of certain material properties, particularly the colour of fabric and type of fibre have been studied and the role of the important design parameter, such as ‘shade angle’ or the angle of inclined strips has been investigated experimentally. It is observed that the analytical framework of heat and mass transfer in such a system is able to give useful results.
Reactive Silver and Cobalt Nanoparticles Modified with Fatty Acid Ligands Functionalized by Imidazole Derivatives (2010)

Novel nucleophilic ligands were synthesized from oleic acid conjugated with 2-mercaptoimidazole via a UV-initiated thiol−ene reaction, and by a condensation of trans-9,10-epoxystearic acid with 4(5)-imidazoledithiocarboxylic acid. Nanoparticles (NPs) with 10−100 nm Ag(0) or Co(0) cores were obtained by reduction of Ag+ or Co2+ by borohydride in N,N-dimethylformamide or aqueous solutions respectively. The NPs capped with oleic acid or 9,10-epoxystearic acids were further covalently bound to 2-mercaptoimidazole or 4(5)-imidazoledithiocarboxylic acid. The ligands and NPs functionalized with nucleophilic imidazole moieties enabled facile hydrolysis of paraoxon (O,O-diethyl O-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate) by NPs in their aqueous media. The NPs acted as recoverable semiheterogeneous catalysts. The paraoxon hydrolysis was accelerated 10- to 50-fold by the formation of complexes between the imidazole-containing ligands or NPs with Co2+.
Using UV235 as a TOC Surrogate for intentional Contaminant Detection in Drinking Water Distribution Systems (2008)

Detecting chemical contaminants in water distribution systems has traditionally been accomplished by grab sampling techniques or more recently, using high-end process analyzers such as TOC (total organic carbon). The method presented in this paper uses an online UV254 analyzer to look for chemical contamination events. The results of seven "particularly hazardous" chemicals and three baseline chemicals are presented, along with laboratory analysis of each, showing the viability of using UV254 for quickly investigating and detecting contamination events at a much lower cost than with traditional instruments or grab sampling techniques. This paper was presented at the 8th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium which was held with the generous support of Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF).
Active EMF cancellation method for I-type pickup of On-Line Electric Vehicles (2011)

In the Inductive Power Transfer System (IPTS) for the On-Line Electric Vehicle (OLEV), the Electro Magnetic Field (EMF) should be lower than 62.5 mG at 20 kHz for the safety of pedestrians. To meet the EMF requirement a new active EMF cancel method for the recently developed I-type IPTS is proposed in this paper. The I-type IPTS has a narrow rail width structure with alternating magnetic polarity along with a roadway. The EMF canceling is applied to only pick-up where large EMF is generated due to large ampere-turns. An optimum spacing for cancel coils from main coils is found, and an optimum canceling architecture is also proposed. Experiments for various conditions such as cancel coil turns, size, configuration, and rectifier connection verify that the canceling strategy on the IPTS for OLEV proposed in this paper is quite practical. The EMF at 1 m distance from the center of pick-up is always under 50 mG for maximum power condition.
Effects of green tea extract on galactosamine-induced hepatic injury in rats. (1992)

The present study examined the preventive effects of green tea extract on D-galactosamine (GalN)-induced hepatic injury in rats, an animal model of viral hepatitis. A single i.p.-injection of GalN (700 mg/kg) to male Wistar rats caused fulminant hepatitis by 48 hr as assessed by marked increases in the serum aspartate aminotransferase (GOT), alanine aminotransferase (GPT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities; decreases in the serum protein and cholesterol levels and the amount of liver microsome P-450; and marked changes in organ weights. The lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity markedly increased at 8 hr and markedly decreased at 24 hr after the GalN injection. In the experiment, animals were orally administered green tea extract at doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg five times each before and after the GalN injection. Treatment with green tea extract significantly prevented the increases in the GOT, GPT and ALP activities in a dose-related manner. It also significantly prevented the decreases in serum albumin and total cholesterol, although not in a dose-related manner. A tendency to prevent the increase in LCAT activity and the decrease in liver microsome P-450 was also noted. Little effect was found on the other abnormal changes in the serum lipids and proteins and the organ weights. These results suggest that green tea may have an ameliorating effect on hepatic dysfunction.
Identification and Characterization of Variable-Number Tandem Repeats in the <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Genome (2001)

Yersinia pestis, the infamous plague-causing pathogen, appears to have emerged in relatively recent history. Evidence of this fact comes from several studies that document a lack of nucleotide diversity in the Y. pestis genome. In contrast, we report that variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) sequences are common in the Y. pestis genome and occur frequently in gene coding regions. Larger tandem repeat arrays, most useful for phylogenetic analysis, are present at an average of 2.18 arrays per 10 kbp and are distributed evenly throughout the genome and the two virulence plasmids, pCD1 and pMT1. We examined allelic diversity at 42 chromosomal VNTR loci in 24 selected isolates (12 globally distributed and 12 from Siskiyou County, Calif.). Vast differences in diversity were observed among the 42 VNTR loci, ranging from 2 to 11 alleles. We found that the maximum copy number of repeats in an array was highly correlated with diversity (R = 0.86). VNTR-based phylogenetic analysis of the 24 strains successfully grouped isolates from biovar orientalis and most of the antiqua and mediaevalis strains. Hence, multiple-locus VNTR analysis (MLVA) appears capable of both distinguishing closely related strains and successfully classifying more distant relationships. Harnessing the power of MLVA to establish standardized databases will enable researchers to better understand plague ecology and evolution around the world.
Efficient Algorithms for Traffic Grooming in SONET/WDM Networks (2006)

In SONET/WDM optical networks, a wavelength channel is shared by multiple low-rate traffic demands. The multiplexing is known as traffic grooming and carried out by SONET add-drop multiplexers (SADM). A key optimization problem in traffic grooming is to minimize the number of SADMs. This optimization problem is challenging and NP-hard even for unidirectional SONET/WDM rings (UPSR) with symmetric unitary traffic demands. In this paper, we give a linear time heuristic algorithm for this NP-hard problem. Empirical results show that the algorithm outperforms previous algorithms. The algorithm uses the minimum number of wavelengths, which are also precious resources in optical networks. An important subclass of the symmetric unitary traffic pattern is the regular traffic pattern, where each network node appears in exactly r symmetric demands. The regular traffic pattern is a generalization of the well known all-to-all traffic pattern, in which r = n - 1 for a network of n nodes. We prove that the optimization problem remains NP-hard for the regular traffic pattern on the UPSR. We also propose an algorithm for this problem with a better upper bound on the number of used SADMs than previous algorithms. This algorithm always uses the minimum number of wavelengths as well
Amplification and overexpression of HER-2/neu (c-erbB2) in endometrial cancers: correlation with overall survival. (1995)

Few molecular genetic alterations have been identified in endometrial cancers that are associated with poor clinical outcome. Overexpression of HER-2/neu, transforming growth factor alpha, and p53 proteins have all been associated with poor prognosis in women with endometrial cancer. In this study, the level of HER-2/neu gene amplification and expression was characterized in 92 endometrial cancers. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize HER-2/neu gene copy number, and immunohistochemistry was used to characterize expression. Forty-seven of the 90 (52%) endometrial cancers were characterized as showing moderate or high immunostaining. HER-2/neu gene amplification was detected in 17 of 81 (21%) cases. Immunohistochemical staining and FISH results were both available for 80 cases. Fourteen of these cases showed both moderate or high immunostaining and gene amplification. Clinical follow-up information was available for 76 women in this study. Women whose endometrial cancer exhibited HER-2/neu gene amplification by FISH had a shorter overall survival than women whose endometrial cancer lacked amplification (P = 0.018). Likewise, tumors with moderate or high HER-2/neu immunostaining were associated with a lower cumulative overall survival than tumors with low immunostaining by log rank analysis (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis of survival rates revealed HER-2/neu overexpression to be an independent predictor of overall survival (P = 0.0163). Among those patients with HER-2/neu overexpression, adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapy was associated with an improved overall survival (P = 0.039). However, among those women whose tumor lacked overexpression, overall survival was not improved by adjuvant treatment.
Some G protein heterotrimers physically dissociate in living cells (2006)

Heterotrimeric G proteins mediate physiological processes ranging from phototransduction to cell migration. In the accepted model of G protein signaling, Galphabetagamma heterotrimers physically dissociate after activation, liberating free Galpha subunits and Gbetagamma dimers. This model is supported by evidence obtained in vitro with purified proteins, but its relevance in vivo has been questioned. Here, we show that at least some heterotrimeric G protein isoforms physically dissociate after activation in living cells. Galpha subunits extended with a transmembrane (TM) domain and cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) were immobilized in the plasma membrane by biotinylation and cross-linking with avidin. Immobile CFP-TM-Galpha greatly decreased the lateral mobility of intracellular Gbeta1gamma2-YFP, indicating the formation of stable heterotrimers. A GTPase-deficient (constitutively active) mutant of CFP-TM-GalphaoA lost the ability to restrict Gbeta1gamma2-YFP mobility, whereas GTPase-deficient mutants of CFP-TM-Galphai3 and CFP-TM-Galphas retained this ability. Activation of cognate G protein-coupled receptors partially relieved the constraint on Gbeta1gamma2-YFP mobility induced by immobile CFP-TM-GalphaoA and CFP-TM-Galphai3 but had no effect on the constraint induced by CFP-TM-Galphas. These results demonstrate the physical dissociation of heterotrimers containing GalphaoA and Galphai3 subunits in living cells, supporting the subunit dissociation model of G protein signaling for these subunits. However, these results are also consistent with the suggestion that G protein heterotrimers (e.g., Galphas) may signal without physically dissociating.
CIITA-dependent and -independent class II MHC expression revealed by a dominant negative mutant (1997)

The MHC class II transactivator gene (CIITA) coordinately controls the expression of the three major human class II genes, HLA-DR, HLA-DQ, and HLA-DP. Indeed, patients with one form of MHC class II immunodeficiency disease, due to defective CIITA genes, lack expression of all three isotypes. Nevertheless, there is substantial evidence that human class II genes are not always coordinately regulated, raising the possibility that CIITA-independent, isotype-specific class II regulatory pathways exist. To address this issue, we have generated a dominant negative mutant of CIITA that lacks the acidic transcription-activating N terminus, but retains the proline/serine/threonine-rich domain. Three newly produced anti-CIITA mAbs revealed that this mutant protein lacked N-terminal epitopes. In this study, we report that this CIITA dominant negative mutant repressed the constitutive expression of all three class II isotypes in human EBV-B cell lines, as well as IFN-gamma-induced class II transcription in HeLa cells. However, in a CIITA-deficient, EBV-transformed B cell line, clone 13, the dominant negative mutant did not alter the endogenous expression of the HLA-DQ gene. Taken together, these data demonstrate the existence of both CIITA-dependent and -independent class II regulatory pathways. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that the latter pathways can be isotype specific.
Demand side integration: four potential business cases and an analysis of the 2020 situation (2010)

Abstract In this study, we explore four different business cases for smart power by means of simulations. The demand and supply are extrapolated to the year 2020 and the influences of photovoltaic installations and demand response are investigated. A district of 300 houses is simulated, where each household consists of three types of intelligent systems: electric devices with a storage capacity like boilers, shiftable loads like washing machines and batteries. Agents, representing devices can trade power on virtual markets, like the PowerMatcher. First, the relation between load flows and smart power is examined. We found, as a rule of thumb, that the variations in load flow decrease proportionally to the fraction controlled power. This might have important consequences for investment policies in power networks. Next, the stability of a cluster is examined. Here it is estimated how long a cluster can remain stable if a constant power flux is imposed. This flexibility can be traded, directly on an imbalance market or through a balance responsible party (BRP). In the next two business cases, the implications for retailers and end‐users are examined for three billing types: a fixed tariff, a two‐tariff structure, and an hourly “real‐time” tariff structure. Compared to the fixed tariff structure, the incentive to use smart devices is small in the double tariff structure. In a real‐time tariff structure incomes increase and risks decrease for retailers, while end‐users have the potential to decrease costs. If we succeed to implement 20% demand response by 2020, our power grid remains able to transport the increased power flows. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> : Tc52 Released Protein-Induced Increased Expression of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production by Macrophages (1998)

Trypanosoma cruzi target molecules that might regulate the host immune responses have not yet been fully identified. In the present study, we demonstrate that the parasite-released molecule (Tc52) was able to synergize with IFN-gamma to stimulate nitric oxide production by macrophages. This synergistic effect was also observed at the level of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression. Furthermore, Tc52 was also shown to induce gene expression for IL-1alpha, IL-12, and IL-10. Moreover, the combination of Tc52 and IFN-gamma down-regulates IL-1alpha and IL-10 gene expression, but not IL-12. Isotype profiles and Tc52 or anti-CD3-induced T cell proliferation were also analyzed, indicating that active immunization with Tc52 partially relieves the immunosuppression observed during the acute phase of the disease. Moreover, under conditions of experimental infection, the Tc52 appears immunologically silent, failing to elicit Ab response and lymphocyte proliferation during the initial acute phase infection. Following active immunization, Tc52 was capable of stimulating T cell proliferation and Ab production with a predominance of IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3, and to a lesser extent IgA. Taken together, these results demonstrate that T. cruzi Tc52-released Ag could be involved in the immunoregulatory processes. The immune response against Tc52 that appears late in the T. cruzi infection may play a role in the modulation of its biological function(s).
Nerve Injury Induces Robust Allodynia and Ectopic Discharges in Na<sub>v</sub>1.3 Null Mutant Mice (2006)

Changes in sodium channel activity and neuronal hyperexcitability contribute to neuropathic pain, a major clinical problem. There is strong evidence that the re-expression of the embryonic voltage-gated sodium channel subunit Nav1.3 underlies neuronal hyperexcitability and neuropathic pain. Here we show that acute and inflammatory pain behaviour is unchanged in global Nav1.3 mutant mice. Surprisingly, neuropathic pain also developed normally in the Nav1.3 mutant mouse. To rule out any genetic compensation mechanisms that may have masked the phenotype, we investigated neuropathic pain in two conditional Nav1.3 mutant mouse lines. We used Nav1.8-Cre mice to delete Nav1.3 in nociceptors at E14 and NFH-Cre mice to delete Nav1.3 throughout the nervous system postnatally. Again normal levels of neuropathic pain developed after nerve injury in both lines. Furthermore, ectopic discharges from damaged nerves were unaffected by the absence of Nav1.3 in global knock-out mice. Our data demonstrate that Nav1.3 is neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of nerve-injury related pain.
Merging changes in XML documents using reliable context fingerprints (2008)

Different dialects of XML have emerged as ubiquitous document exchange formats. For effective collaboration based on such documents, the capability to propagate edit operations performed on a document is indispensable. In order to avoid the transmission of whole documents, deltas are used to describe these edit operations, allowing the construction of a new version of a document. However, patching a document with a delta it was not generated for is error-prone, and any insert or delete operations performed on the document are likely to affect all subsequent paths within that document.
α <sub>2</sub> -Antiplasmin Enschede: Alanine Insertion and Abolition of Plasmin Inhibitory Activity (1987)

An abnormal alpha 2-antiplasmin that is associated with a serious bleeding tendency has been found in a Dutch family and is referred to as alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede. This abnormal alpha 2-antiplasmin is converted from an inhibitor of plasmin to a substrate. The molecular defect of alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede, as revealed by sequencing of cloned genomic DNA fragments, consists of an alanine insertion near the active site region of the molecule. Substitution of this fragment into complementary DNA for a wild-type alpha 2-antiplasmin yields a translation product with physical and functional properties typical of the abnormal alpha 2-antiplasmin Enschede. The naturally occurring mutant may serve as a model for investigating the structures that determine the properties of an inhibitor versus those of a substrate in serine protease inhibitors.
Information Privacy Research: An Interdisciplinary Review (2010)

To date, many important threads of information privacy research have developed, but these threads have not been woven together into a cohesive fabric. This paper provides an interdisciplinary review of privacy-related research in order to enable a more cohesive treatment. With a sample of 320 privacy articles and 128 books and book sections, we classify previous literature in two ways: (1) using an ethics-based nomenclature of normative, purely descriptive, and empirically descriptive, and (2) based on their level of analysis: individual, group, organizational, and societal. Based upon our analyses via these two classification approaches, we identify three major areas in which previous research contributions reside: the conceptualization of information privacy, the relationship between information privacy and other constructs, and the contextual nature of these relationships. As we consider these major areas, we draw three overarching conclusions. First, there are many theoretical developments in the body of normative and purely descriptive studies that have not been addressed in empirical research on privacy. Rigorous studies that either trace processes associated with, or test implied assertions from, these value-laden arguments could add great value. Second, some of the levels of analysis have received less attention in certain contexts than have others in the research to date. Future empirical studies — both positivist and interpretive — could profitably be targeted to these under-researched levels of analysis. Third, positivist empirical studies will add the greatest value if they focus on antecedents to privacy concerns and on actual outcomes. In that light, we recommend that researchers be alert to an overarching macro-model that we term APCO (Antecedents -> Privacy -> Concerns -> Outcomes).
Optimal partitioning of cache memory (1992)

A model for studying the optimal allocation of cache memory among two or more competing processes is developed and used to show that, for the examples studied, the least recently used (LRU) replacement strategy produces cache allocations that are very close to optimal. It is also shown that when program behavior changes, LRU replacement moves quickly toward the steady-state allocation if it is far from optimal, but converges slowly as the allocation approaches the steady-state allocation. An efficient combinatorial algorithm for determining the optimal steady-state allocation, which, in theory, could be used to reduce the length of the transient, is described. The algorithm generalizes to multilevel cache memories. For multiprogrammed systems, a cache-replacement policy better than LRU replacement is given. The policy increases the memory available to the running process until the allocation reaches a threshold time beyond which the replacement policy does not increase the cache memory allocated to the running process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>