gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Seropositivity for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III in Homosexual Men Without the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome: Development of Immunologic and Clinical Abnormalities (1986)

The long-term effects of seropositivity for human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) on T-lymphocyte subsets and health status were evaluated in longitudinal studies of 250 initially healthy homosexual men. The relative risk of having an inverted T-lymphocyte helper-to-suppressor ratio rose from 14.3-fold among short-term seropositive subjects (less than 19 months) to 46.9-fold among long-term seropositive subjects (greater than 29 months) in comparison with the risk among seronegative subjects. Overall, 91.7% of long-term seropositive men had inverted ratios, compared with 12.9% of seronegative men. None of the seropositive men who developed an inverted ratio later reestablished a normal ratio. Both decreased T-helper cell number and percentage (p = 0.003) and increased T-suppressor cell number and percentage (p = 0.03) were significantly correlated with duration of seropositivity. Among seropositive persons, lymphadenopathy was a highly significant short-term as well as long-term consequence, whereas diarrhea, oral thrush, and herpes zoster were correlated with long-term seropositivity. Overall, 50% of long-term seropositive men compared with 16% of seronegative men developed at least one of five clinical symptoms (p less than 0.003). We conclude that a high proportion of persons infected with HTLV-III will develop measurable immunologic and clinical abnormalities.
Microcalcifications as elastic scatterers under ultrasound: implications for medical imaging (2002)

Microcalcifications are small crystals of calcium phosphates which form in human tissue through a number of mechanisms. The size, morphology, and distribution of microcalcifications (MCs) are important indicators in the mammographic screening for and diagnosis of various carcinomas in the breast. Current ultrasound methodology is not considered reliable at detecting MCs in the size range of clinical interest. The authors are investigating the imaging of MCs under ultrasound in the interest of extending the capabilities of ultrasound. We present an analysis of the acoustic properties of MCs modeled as elastic spheres which considers the predicted complex spectra and spatial coherence of echoes from MCs. We compare the findings of the model to actual echoes from suspected MCs in vivo, and discuss the implications of these findings for medical imaging. We also present preliminary in vivo measurements of phase aberration and the backscatter coefficient of breast tissue, and discuss the ramifications of these results for MC visualization.
RNA polymerase II cofactor PC2 facilitates activation of transcription by GAL4-AH in vitro. (1994)

We have isolated from a crude Hela cell cofactor fraction (USA) a novel positive cofactor that cooperates with the general transcription machinery to effect efficient stimulation of transcription by GAL4-AH, a derivative of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae regulatory factor GAL4. PC2 was shown to be a 500-kDa protein complex and to be functionally and biochemically distinct from native TFIID and previously identified cofactors. In the presence of native TFIID and other general factors, PC2 was necessary and sufficient for activation by GAL4-AH. Cofactor function was specific for transcriptional activation domains of GAL4-AH. The repressor histone H1 further potentiated but was not required for activation of transcription by GAL4-AH. On the basis of the observation that PC2 exerts entirely positive effects on transcription, we propose a model in which PC2 increases the activity of the preinitiation complex in the presence of an activator, thereby establishing a specific pathway during activation of RNA polymerase II.
Electronic conduction in amorphous and polycrystalline zinc-indium oxide films (2010)

We report on the electronic properties of both amorphous and polycrystalline zinc-indium oxide thin films with similar degenerate electron concentrations just above the insulator-to-metal transition. The highest electron mobilities occur in amorphous oxide films deposited at 100 °C; for these, structural disorder is on a spatial scale much smaller than the characteristic electron wavelength (∼3 nm) of the conduction electron gas. For polycrystalline films fabricated at 200–300 °C enhanced electron scattering occurs at evolving grain boundaries when the grain size is comparable to the electron wavelength. Larger, highly crystalline grains form for deposition at 500 °C with concomitant higher carrier mobilities.
Discovery and Rational Design of Natural-Product-Derived 2-Phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>f</i>]chromen-3-amine Analogs as Novel and Potent Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2016)

Starting from the lead isodaphnetin, a natural product inhibitor of DPP-4 discovered through a target fishing docking based approach, a series of novel 2-phenyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[f]chromen-3-amine derivatives as potent DPP-4 inhibitors are rationally designed utilizing highly efficient 3D molecular similarity based scaffold hopping as well as electrostatic complementary methods. Those ingenious drug design strategies bring us approximate 7400-fold boost in potency. Compounds 22a and 24a are the most potent ones (IC50 ≈ 2.0 nM) with good pharmacokinetic profiles. Compound 22a demonstrated stable pharmacological effect. A 3 mg/kg oral dose provided >80% inhibition of DPP-4 activity within 24 h, which is comparable to the performance of the long-acting control omarigliptin. Moreover, the efficacy of 22a in improving the glucose tolerance is also comparable with omarigliptin. In this study, not only promising DPP-4 inhibitors as long acting antidiabetic that are clinically on demand are identified, but the target fish docking and medicinal chemistry strategies were successfully implemented.
Antiplatelet Effects of Nitroglycerin in Healthy Subjects and in Patients with Stable Angina Pectoris (1993)

The effects of nitroglycerin (NTG) on platelet aggregation are controversial. Most in vitro investigations suggest that NTG suppresses platelet aggregation only at suprapharmacologic concentrations. We investigated various aspects of the antiaggregating effects of NTG in both normal individuals and in patients with stable angina pectoris not treated with nitrates. Platelets from patients exhibited hyperresponsiveness to ADP as an inductor of aggregation. Sublingual administration to patients of NTG (300 micrograms) decreased platelet aggregability; ADP concentrations inducing 50% aggregation were 3.3 +/- 0.3 microM after NTG versus 2.1 +/- 0.1 microM before NTG (p < 0.01). Consistent with previous findings, NTG was a weak inhibitor of platelet aggregation in vitro when added before induction of aggregation. When added after the beginning of aggregation, however, NTG induced both inhibition of developing aggregation and marked disaggregation at concentrations > or = 10(-8) M NTG; concentration associated with 50% reversal of aggregation was 1.4 +/- 0.3 x 10(-6) M. Therefore, antiplatelet effects of NTG in vitro are demonstrable in low, clinically achievable concentrations; previously reported effects of NTG have been underestimated owing to suboptimum experimental conditions. Platelets from patients with angina pectoris were 100-fold less responsive to the cyclic GMP-increasing and disaggregating effects of NTG in vitro, which, together with increased aggregability, could imply reduced platelet sensitivity to endogenous sources of nitric oxide (NO) in vivo. The observed antiplatelet effects of NTG raise the question of its potential utility to reduce the risk of thrombotic complications in patients with ischemic heart disease.
Furano- and Pyrrolo [2,3-<i>D</i>] Pyrimidine Nucleosides and Their 5′-O-Triphospates: Synthesis and Enzymatic Activity (2007)

A series of bicyclic [2,3-d]furano- and pyrrolopyrimidine ribonucleosides were synthesized and converted chemically into corresponding 5'-O-triphosphates. Substrate properties of the triphosphates toward some RNA and DNA polymerases are reported.
An acceleration system for long distance live migration of virtual machine (2012)

We design and implement a live migration acceleration system (LMAS) that supports long distance live migration by using parallel TCP. Our prototype system works perfectly for VMware VMotion and Citrix XenMotion without modifying the hypervisors. Experiments show that LMAS reduces total time of long distance live migration effectively.
Efficacy of the urinary bladder for isolation of Borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected, wild Peromyscus leucopus (1989)

The efficacy of culturing urinary bladder tissue for Borrelia burgdorferi from naturally infected, wild Peromyscus leucopus mice was determined. The urinary bladder cultures were as efficient as spleen, kidney, and blood tissue cultures. The rapid B. burgdorferi isolation (mean, 6 days) from mouse urinary bladders should aid in defining new Lyme disease foci.
SiProbe-a new technology for wafer probing (2002)

This paper will describe a new wafer probing technology that is particularly applicable to the simultaneous probing of multiple die and high pin-count devices that cannot be probed using conventional needle probing cards. Inherent in the design of this product is the capability for high density area array probing at grid densities as high as 50/spl times/150 microns and at probe pointing accuracies approaching that of semiconductor feature placement. High-frequency and high-temperature testing are also benefits of this technology.
Hypothermia Attenuates the Loss of Hippocampal Microtubule-Associated Protein 2 (MAP2) following Traumatic Brain Injury (1993)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces a tissue-specific decrease in protein levels of microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2), an important cross-linking component of the neuronal cytoskeleton. Because moderate brain hypothermia (30 degrees C) reduces certain neurobehavioral deficits produced by TBI, we examined the efficacy of moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C) in reversing the TBI-induced loss of MAP2 protein. Naive, sham-injured, and moderate (2.1 atm) fluid percussion-injured rats were assessed for MAP2 protein content 3 h post injury using quantitative immunoreactivity measurements. Parallel groups of sham-injured and fluid percussion-injured animals were maintained in moderate hypothermia (30 degrees C), as measured by temporalis muscle temperature, for MAP2 quantitation 3 h post injury. No difference in MAP2 levels was observed between naive and sham-injured normothermic animals. Hypothermia alone had no effect on soluble MAP2 levels in sham-injured animals compared with normothermic sham-injured controls (88.0 +/- 7.3%; p > 0.10). Fluid percussion injury dramatically reduced MAP2 levels in the normothermic group (44.3 +/- 5.9%; p < 0.0005) compared with normothermic sham-injured controls. No significant reduction of MAP2 was seen in the hypothermic injured group (95.2 +/- 4.6%; compared with hypothermic sham-injured controls, p > 0.20). Although it is premature to infer any causal link, the data suggest that the attenuation of injury-induced MAP2 loss by hypothermia may contribute to its overall neuroprotective action.
PC Controlled Function Generator Using Direct Digital Synthesis (DDS) Technology For Electrical Capacitance Tomography (2012)

Penjana frekuensi telah digunakan secara meluas dalam pelbagai jenis ujikaji. Ia digunakan untuk menjana pelbagai bentuk gelombang (gelombang sin, gelombang segiempat dll) pada frekuensi dan lebar jalur tertentu. Satu daripada aplikasinya ialah dalam Proses Tomografi jenis Kapasitif (ECT) di mana ia digunakan untuk menyalurkan maklumat mengenai keadaan aliran. Kertas kerja ini menjelaskan bagaimana mereka bentuk sebuah Penjana Fungsi yang Dikawal oleh Komputer Peribadi yang ekonomi untuk kegunaan ujikaji makmal. Rekaan ini berbeza dengan penjana fungsi manual kerana ia hendaklah dikawal secara digital. Dalam kes ini, teknologi DDS (Direct Digital Synthesis) digunakan kerana cip DDS adalah digital secara semulajadinya. Analisis telah dibuat untuk memeriksa ketepatan keluaran fungsi dari segi frekuensi dan amplitudnya. Kata kunci: Penjana frekuensi, sintesis secara terus (DDS) A function generator is widely used for experimental work and testing to generate various types of waveform (sine, square, triangle, etc) with a particular frequency bandwidth. One of its applications is in generating waveform for the ECT (Electrical Capacitance Tomography) system. ECT is used to retrieve the details of material in a flow system. An economical PC Controlled Function Generator was designed for the use of waveform generating in ECT. For the ECT system, high accuracy and frequency waveforms are needed. Three basic waveforms are required; the sine wave, square wave, and triangular wave. The objective is to build a function generator which is capable of generating high accuracy waveforms with acceptable distortion and stability. An interfacing system between a PC and the function generator was also selected and developed with the purpose of producing accurate amplitude and frequency of the waveforms. This interfacing allows remote control to the function generator for a wider usage. Key words: Function generator, direct digital synthesis (DDS)
[A review on the urban green space cooling effect based on field measurement of air temperature]. (2017)

With the development of urbanization, the effect of urban heat island has become increasingly evident. As an essential component of the urban natural landscapes, urban green space plays an important role in mitigating the effect of urban heat island. However, facing the rapid urbanization and changing environment, how to rationally plan and design the green space and realize its best cooling effect which can improve the urban environment and microclimate is still an urgent problem to be solved. So there is a strong need for mulitiscale researches on the cooling effect of urban green space. This paper systematically gave a review on the cooling effect of urban green space based on field measurement of air temperature, the main factors that influenced the cooling effect of green space were explored from three aspects including the area and shape characteristics of urban green space, the structure characteristics of vegetation and the external factors which affected the cooling effect, and the characteristics of the cooling effect of the green space were summarized from the aspect of time variation and distance decay. Then, the main problems and future research prospects of urban green space cooling effect were put forward.
Silicene: from monolayer to multilayer — A concise review (2015)

Silicene, a newly isolated silicon allotrope with a two-dimensional (2D) honeycomb lattice structure, is predicted to have electronic properties similar to those of graphene, including the existence of signature Dirac fermions. Furthermore, the strong spin–orbit interaction of Si atoms potentially makes silicene an experimentally accessible 2D topological insulator. Since 2012, silicene films have been experimentally synthesized on Ag (111) and other substrates, motivating a burst of research on silicene. We and collaborators have employed STM investigations and first principles calculations to intensively study the structure and electronic properties of silicene films on Ag (111), including monolayer, bilayer, and multilayer silicenes, as well as hydrogenation of silicene.
3단계 접근법을 활용한 잠재계층모형의 추정 (2020)

잠재계층분석은 지표변수 간의 공분산을 설명하는 범주형 잠재변수를 추정하는 것으로 지표변수의 반응에 기반하여 측정모형을 구축하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 통해 응답자들이 나타낸 지표변수에 대한 서로 다른 반응을 바탕으로 하위 계층을 추정할 수 있다. 잠재계층분석은 단순히 하위 계층을 구분하는 것뿐만 아니라 추정된 하위 계층을 이용하여 다른 변수들과의 관계성 혹은 계층간 차이를 탐색하는 2차 분석이 가능하다. 하지만 보편적으로 사용되는 2-step 접근법에서 응답자는 다양한 속성을 보유하고 있음에도 불구하고 다른 계층에 포함될 확률을 배제함으로써 하나의 계층에만 속하게 되어 분류의 오차를 고려하지 못하는 제한점을 가지고 있다. 이러한 제한점을 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 보조적 관찰변수를 사용하여 분류의 오차를 모수추정에 포함시키는 3-step 접근법과 2-step 접근법을 실증 데이터를 활용하여 그 결과를 비교하였다. 연구결과 사례수가 작을 경우 3-step 접근법이 하위 계층간 비교에서 높은 검증력을 나타냈으며, 사례수가 많을 경우 2-step과 3-step 접근법간 결과의 차이는 나타나지 않았다.
Intravenous Nonviral Gene Therapy Causes Normalization of Striatal Tyrosine Hydroxylase and Reversal of Motor Impairment in Experimental Parkinsonism (2003)

Brain gene-targeting technology is used to reversibly normalize tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity in the striatum of adult rats, using the experimental 6-hydroxydopamine model of Parkinson's disease. The TH expression plasmid is encapsulated inside an 85-nm PEGylated immunoliposome (PIL) that is targeted with either the OX26 murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) to the rat transferrin receptor (TfR) or with the mouse IgG2a isotype control antibody. TfRMAb-PIL, or mIgG2a-PIL, is injected intravenously at a dose of 10 microg of plasmid DNA per rat. TfRMAb-PIL, but not mIgG2a-PIL, enters the brain via the transvascular route. The targeting TfRMAb enables the nanocontainer carrying the gene to undergo both receptor-mediated transcytosis across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and receptor-mediated endocytosis into neurons behind the BBB by accessing the TfR. With this approach, the striatal TH activity ipsilateral to the intracerebral injection of the neurotoxin was normalized and increased from 738 +/- 179 to 5486 +/- 899 pmol/hr per milligram of protein. The TH enzyme activity measurements were corroborated by TH immunocytochemistry, which showed that the entire striatum was immunoreactive for TH after intravenous gene therapy. The normalization of striatal biochemistry was associated with a reversal of apomorphine-induced rotation behavior. Lesioned animals treated with the apomorphine exhibited 20 +/- 5 and 6 +/- 2 rotations/min, respectively, after intravenous administration of the TH plasmid encapsulated in mIgG2a-PIL and TfRMAb-PIL. These studies demonstrate that it is possible to normalize brain enzyme activity by intravenous administration and nonviral gene transfer.
AGTR2 absence or antagonism prevents cystic fibrosis pulmonary manifestations (2018)

These results identify that reduced AGTR2 signaling is beneficial to CF lung function, and suggest the potential of manipulating the angiotensin-signaling pathway for treatment and/or prevention of CF pulmonary disease. Importantly, the beneficial effects were not CF gene mutation dependent, and were able to be reproduced with pharmacologic antagonism. As there are clinically approved drugs available to target the renin-angiotensin signaling system, these findings may be quickly translated to human clinical trials.
Cintia: a neuro-fuzzy real-time controller for low-power embedded systems (1995)

Cintia, a neuro-fuzzy real-time controller based on pulse stream computation techniques, is designed for applications in low-power embedded systems. The system mixes two approaches: neuro-fuzzy controllers and finite-state automata. We implement the former by means of a custom neural chip, the latter as sequential code on a traditional microcontroller. Cintia demonstrates the advantages of mixing the two approaches and the feasibility of embedded neuro-fuzzy control systems. A low-power, single-chip version is also under design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-loss germanium strip waveguides on silicon for the mid-infrared (2012)

Mid-infrared photonics in silicon needs low-loss integrated waveguides. While monocrystalline germanium waveguides on silicon have been proposed, experimental realization has not been reported. Here we demonstrate a germanium strip waveguide on a silicon substrate. It is designed for single mode transmission of light in transverse magnetic (TM) polarization generated from quantum cascade lasers at a wavelength of 5.8 μm. The propagation losses were measured with the Fabry-Perot resonance method. The lowest achieved propagation loss is 2.5 dB/cm, while the bending loss is measured to be 0.12 dB for a 90° bend with a radius of 115 μm.
Localization and functional analysis of the regulated promoter from the <i>Streptomyces glaucescens mel</i> operon (1989)

The transcription initiation site of the mel operon from Streptomyces glaucescens, determined by S1 mapping and primer elongation experiments, lies 32 to 34 bp upstream of the translation initiation codon of the first open reading frame. A total of 172 to 219 bp upstream of the transcription start point are necessary for a fully active and regulated mel promoter. Deletion analysis, gel retardation assays and DNAse I footprint experiments facilitated division of the promoter into three functional domains, which include the RNA polymerase recognition site up to nucleotides -33 to -42, the binding region of a protein of assumed regulatory function between nucleotides -65 and -93, and an upstream activator site, located between positions -158 and -219.
A High-Performance Stand-Alone Solar PV Power System for LED Lighting (2013)

This paper presents new improvements and real result of a stand-alone photovoltaic power system for LED lighting that was developed previously. The actual system, during day, charges a lead acid battery using MPPT algorithm for power transfer optimization, and, during night, it supervises battery discharge and controls the current in the power LED array. The improvements are in hardware and software. The hardware was simplified using only one DC/DC converter and only one microcontroller making it more efficient. The system board uses an ATMEL ATTINY861V microcontroller, a single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC), and sensors to read input and output voltages and currents to control all system. The software improvements are made in the battery charging algorithm, battery discharging algorithm, and in current control of the power LED array adjusting the light intensity. Moreover, results are presented showing the balance of energy in a period of 24 hours: first results of the MPPT algorithm in bulk battery charge phase and then the over battery charge phase, both in a sunny day. The power LED current control results are also presented showing a very small error. It turns off at 00 : 00 at each day to reduce the waste of energy. Finally, the balance of energy is studied and presented to help the right projection of the PV power panel needed and the necessary battery capacity.
Sub-path Protection: A New Framework for Optical Layer Survivability and its Quantitative Evaluation (2002)

In wavelength division multiplexed networks (WDM) with mesh topolgies, past research has considered two typical survivability paradigms: (a) path protection/restoration and (b) link protection/restoration. In path based schemes a backup path (which is link-disjoint with the primary path) and wavelength is reserved during primary path setup, while in link based schemes, for every link along the primary path a link disjoint backup for that link is found and reserved. Each of these schemes have their advantages and disadvantages in terms of capacity utilization and restoration times.
A multiplication-free multialphabet arithmetic code (1989)

A recursion for arithmetic codes used for data compression is described which requires no multiplication or division, even in the case of nonbinary alphabets. For this reason, such a code admits a simple and fast hardware implementation. The inputs to the code are, in addition to the symbols to be encoded, either the symbol probabilities or, more simply, the corresponding occurrence counts. Hence, the code is applicable in conjunction with stationary and nonstationary models alike. The code efficiency is typically in the range of 97-99%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>