gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmid DNA encoding replicating foot-and-mouth disease virus genomes induces antiviral immune responses in swine (1997)

DNA vaccine candidates for foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) were engineered to produce FMD virus (FMDV) particles that were noninfectious in cell culture or animals. The prototype plasmid, pWRM, contains a cytomegalovirus immediate-early promoter-driven genome-length type A12 cDNA followed by the bovine growth hormone polyadenylation site. BHK cells transfected with this plasmid produced virus, but the specific infectivity of pWRM was much lower than that achieved with in vitro-generated RNA genomes. To improve the infectivity of the plasmid, a cDNA encoding the hepatitis delta virus ribozyme was added to the 3' end of the FMDV cDNA. The resulting plasmid, pWRMH, exhibited slightly increased infectivity in cell culture and produced virus when inoculated into suckling mice. A third plasmid, pWRMHX, was created by removal of the sequences encoding the cell binding site found in capsid protein VP1 of pWRMH. Although cells transfected with pWRMHX produced viral capsids, this plasmid was not lethal in suckling mice, indicating that particles lacking the cell binding site were not able to initiate secondary infectious cycles. Swine inoculated with pWRMHX did not show any signs of disease and produced neutralizing antibodies to FMDV, and 20% of the vaccinated animals were protected from challenge. A derivative of pWRMHX, pWRMHX-pol-, harboring a mutation designed to inactivate the viral polymerase was much less immunogenic, indicating that immunogenicity of pWRMHX resulted, in part, from amplification of the viral genome in the animal.
The Influence of Substituents on the Rates of Decomposition of the Potassium Salts of Dihydroxamic Acids. The Lossen Rearrangement (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Influence of Substituents on the Rates of Decomposition of the Potassium Salts of Dihydroxamic Acids. The Lossen RearrangementRobert D. Bright and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 3, 618–629Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01872a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01872a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Performance Na<sub>0.5</sub>[Ni<sub>0.23</sub>Fe<sub>0.13</sub>Mn<sub>0.63</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

The synthesis of a new layered cathode material, Na 0.5 [Ni 0.23 Fe 0.13 Mn 0.63 ]O 2 , and its characterization in terms of crystalline structure and electrochemical performance in a sodium cell is reported. X‐ray diffraction studies and high resolution scanning electron microscopy images reveal a well‐defined P2‐type layered structure, while the electrochemical tests demonstrate excellent characteristics in terms of high capacity and cycle life. This performance, the low cost, and the environmental compatibility of its component poses Na 0.5 [Ni 0.23 Fe 0.13 Mn 0.63 ]O 2 to be among the most promising materials for the next generation of sodium‐ion batteries.
New approach to adaptive single pole auto-reclosing of power transmission lines (2009)

In this study, a novel digital algorithm is introduced for recognition of arcing (transient) faults and determination of dead time for adaptive auto-reclosing. The algorithm distinguishes between arcing and permanent faults by using the zero sequence voltage measured at the relaying point. If the fault is recognised as an arcing fault, then the third harmonic of the zero sequence voltage is used to evaluate the extinction time of secondary arc and to initiate reclosing signal. The proposed algorithm uses an adaptive threshold level and therefore no significant adjustment is needed for different transmission systems. Moreover, its performance is independent to fault location, line parameters and the system pre-fault operating conditions. The algorithm has been successfully tested for various faults and operating conditions on a 400 kV overhead line using the electro-magnetic transient program (EMTP). The test results have demonstrated validity of the algorithm in determining the secondary arc extinction time and blocking unsuccessful automatic reclosing during permanent faults.
Waste elimination in condensation reactions of industrial importance (2002)

Industrial condensation reactions are usually homogeneously catalysed by strong caustic. Recent work has demonstrated the practical application of heterogenised base catalysts, which enhance selectivity and eliminate the generation of organically contaminated waste caustic streams. A number of successful systems have been developed and the combination of base and hydrogenation functionality has been explored.
Gaussian Process Morphable Models (2016)

Statistical shape models (SSMs) represent a class of shapes as a normal distribution of point variations, whose parameters are estimated from example shapes. Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to obtain a low-dimensional representation of the shape variation in terms of the leading principal components. In this paper, we propose a generalization of SSMs, called Gaussian Process Morphable Models (GPMMs). We model the shape variations with a Gaussian process, which we represent using the leading components of its Karhunen-Loeve expansion. To compute the expansion, we make use of an approximation scheme based on the Nystrom method. The resulting model can be seen as a continuous analogon of an SSM. However, while for SSMs the shape variation is restricted to the span of the example data, with GPMMs we can define the shape variation using any Gaussian process. For example, we can build shape models that correspond to classical spline models, and thus do not require any example data. Furthermore, Gaussian processes make it possible to combine different models. For example, an SSM can be extended with a spline model, to obtain a model that incorporates learned shape characteristics, but is flexible enough to explain shapes that cannot be represented by the SSM. We introduce a simple algorithm for fitting a GPMM to a surface or image. This results in a non-rigid registration approach, whose regularization properties are defined by a GPMM. We show how we can obtain different registration schemes,including methods for multi-scale, spatially-varying or hybrid registration, by constructing an appropriate GPMM. As our approach strictly separates modelling from the fitting process, this is all achieved without changes to the fitting algorithm. We show the applicability and versatility of GPMMs on a clinical use case, where the goal is the model-based segmentation of 3D forearm images.
PPP over SONET/SDH (1999)

The Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) [1] provides a standard method for transporting multi-protocol datagrams over point-to-point links. This document describes the use of PPP over Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) and Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) circuits.
A genetic approach for wireless mesh network planning and optimization (2009)

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are gaining an increasingly important role in next generation last mile access. They offer more flexibility compared to traditional networks but on the expense of a complex structure. Thus, planning and optimization of WMNs is a challenge. In this paper we focus on routing and channel assignment in WMNs for throughput maximization using genetic algorithms. Genetic algorithms provide a good solution for large-scale WMNs in relatively small computation time. The results prove the effectiveness of the genetic operators and show the advantages of a genetic optimization. However, these operators have to be configured carefully to avoid local optima. We will show the influence of the selection principles as well as evaluation functions on the optimization.
Sleep Facilitates Clearance of Metabolites from the Brain: Glymphatic Function in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2013)

Decline of cognition and increasing risk of neurodegenerative diseases are major problems associated with aging in humans. Of particular importance is how the brain removes potentially toxic biomolecules that accumulate with normal neuronal function. Recently, a biomolecule clearance system using convective flow between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF) to remove toxic metabolites in the brain was described. Xie and colleagues now report that in mice the clearance activity of this so-called "glymphatic system" is strongly stimulated by sleep and is associated with an increase in interstitial volume, possibly by shrinkage of astroglial cells. Moreover, anesthesia and attenuation of adrenergic signaling can activate the glymphatic system to clear potentially toxic proteins known to contribute to the pathology of Alzheimer disease (AD) such as beta-amyloid (Abeta). Clearance during sleep is as much as two-fold faster than during waking hours. These results support a new hypothesis to answer the age-old question of why sleep is necessary. Glymphatic dysfunction may pay a hitherto unsuspected role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases as well as maintenance of cognition. Furthermore, clinical studies suggest that quality and duration of sleep may be predictive of the onset of AD, and that quality sleep may significantly reduce the risk of AD for apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ɛ4 carriers, who have significantly greater chances of developing AD. Further characterization of the glymphatic system in humans may lead to new therapies and methods of prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. A public health initiative to ensure adequate sleep among middle-aged and older people may prove useful in preventing AD, especially in apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ɛ4 carriers.
Cloning and expression of a novel human profilin variant, profilin II (1993)

We have isolated a 1.7 kbp cDNA encoding a 140 amino acid protein (15.1 kDa, pI 5.91) with a high sequence similarity (62%) to human profilin (profilin I). We have termed this variant profilin II. Northern blot analysis showed that profilin II is highly expressed in brain, skeletal muscle and kidney and less strongly in heart, placenta, lung and liver. In addition, three different transcript lengths were detected. Only one transcript of profilin I was found. The expression level of this was low in brain and skeletal muscle, medium in heart and high in placenta, lung, liver and kidney.
Sequential proton NMR assignments and secondary structure of an IgG-binding domain from protein G (1991)

Protein G is a member of a class of cell surface bacterial proteins from Streptococcus that bind IgG with high affinity. A fragment of molecular mass 6988, which retains IgG-binding activity, has been generated by proteolytic digestion and analyzed by 1H NMR. Two-dimensional DQF-COSY, TOCSY, and NOESY spectra have been employed to assign the 1H NMR spectrum of the peptide. Elements of regular secondary structure have been identified by using nuclear Overhauser enhancement, coupling constant, and amide proton exchange data. The secondary structure consists of a central alpha-helix (Ala28-Val44), flanked by two portions of beta-sheet (Val5-Val26 and Asp45-Lys62). This is a fundamentally different arrangement of secondary structure from that of protein A, which is made up of three consecutive alpha-helices in free solution (Torigoe et al., 1990). We conclude that the molecular mechanisms underlying the association of protein A and protein G with IgG are different.
Photochemical Addition and Photochemical Dehydrogenation Reactions in Sunlight (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Addition and Photochemical Dehydrogenation Reactions in SunlightAhmed Mustafa, Abdel Hamid Elsayed Harhash, Abdel Kader Elsayed Mansour, and Sayed Mohamed Abd Elrahman OmranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4306–4309Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental evaluation of three phase hybrid buck rectifier (2008)

In this paper an experimental analysis of the hybrid buck-type current source rectifier as an active front-end stage for an AC/AC converter for applications that require adjustable step-down DC-link voltage with improved upper voltage limit robust to unbalanced voltage supply and additionally eliminating the common mode voltage from its DC-link voltage. The proposed solution is to add two asymmetric H-bridge inverters in series with each of the DC-side terminals of the buck rectifier to allow injection of differential and common mode voltage in order to achieve the above goals.
Data-Aided Multi-Symbol Phase Estimation for Receiver Sensitivity Enhancement in Optical DQPSK (2006)

We present a data-aided multi-symbol phase estimation scheme to improve the receiver sensitivity of direct-detection DQPSK to approach that of coherent-detection QPSK in optically pre-amplified receivers. Performance-enhancement of >2 dB is obtained in a nonlinear-regime.
Heterogeneity of the Haemagglutinin Responses to Salmonella minnesota R-Antigens in Rabbits (1972)

Summary: Homologous and heterologous haemagglutinin responses in rabbits to heat-killed R-mutants of Salmonella minnesota (chemotypes ranging from Ra to Re) were measured throughout the course of immunization. In each case the strongest response was directed against the homologous R-antigen, but in most cases cross-reactions with antigens of heterologous R-chemotypes were detected. Absorption studies with erythrocytes coated with R-lipopolysaccharides indicated that haemagglutinin reactions with homologous and heterologous R-antigens in R-antisera were due to several different populations of antibodies. In general, these populations consisted of: (i) antibodies strictly specific for the homologous antigen; (ii) antibodies reacting with the homologous antigen, but also able to react in varying degrees with heterologous R-lipopolysacharides of more complete chemo-types; (iii) antibodies directed against internal portions of the R-oligosaccharide; and (iv) antibodies strictly specific for a less complete form of the R-oligosaccharide molecule. Characteristic responses were obtained for each of the R-mutants with respect to the presence or absence of any one of the above-mentioned antibody populations in antisera at a given period after immunization.
Teaching 3D geometry to deformable part models (2012)

Current object class recognition systems typically target 2D bounding box localization, encouraged by benchmark data sets, such as Pascal VOC. While this seems suitable for the detection of individual objects, higher-level applications such as 3D scene understanding or 3D object tracking would benefit from more fine-grained object hypotheses incorporating 3D geometric information, such as viewpoints or the locations of individual parts. In this paper, we help narrowing the representational gap between the ideal input of a scene understanding system and object class detector output, by designing a detector particularly tailored towards 3D geometric reasoning. In particular, we extend the successful discriminatively trained deformable part models to include both estimates of viewpoint and 3D parts that are consistent across viewpoints. We experimentally verify that adding 3D geometric information comes at minimal performance loss w.r.t. 2D bounding box localization, but outperforms prior work in 3D viewpoint estimation and ultra-wide baseline matching.
Influence of Impact Damage on Carbon-Epoxy Stiffener Crippling (2010)

NASA, the Air Force Research Laboratory and The Boeing Company have worked to develop new low-cost, light-weight composite structures for aircraft. A Pultruded Rod Stitched Efficient Unitized Structure (PRSEUS) concept has been developed which offers advantages over traditional metallic structure. In this concept a stitched carbon-epoxy material system has been developed with the potential for reducing the weight and cost of transport aircraft structure by eliminating fasteners, thereby reducing part count and labor. By adding unidirectional carbon rods to the top of stiffeners, the panel becomes more structurally efficient. This combination produces a more damage tolerant design. This document describes the results of experimentation on PRSEUS specimens loaded in unidirectional compression subjected to impact damage and loaded in fatigue and to failure. A comparison with analytical predictions for pristine and damaged specimens is included.
The Effect of 5% Mafenide Acetate Solution on Bacterial Control in Infected Rat Burns (1983)

Mafenide acetate is commonly available as a 10% cream and has been shown to be effective in the prevention and control of burn wound sepsis. The high osmolarity of the cream has been implicated in the pain upon application and the neoeschar formation often seen with its use. Mafenide acetate as a 5% solution has a lower osmolarity, and clinical trials with this agent have shown it to be both well accepted by patients and effective in wound preparation. Information concerning its antibacterial efficacy in comparison with other agents, however, has been lacking. Utilizing the Walker burn model, we have found the 5% mafenide acetate solution used as gauze soaks to be equal to mafenide acetate cream and better than silver sulfadiazine in attaining bacterial control of this experimental burn wound in the rat. The 5% solution provided prompt decrease in bacterial counts to less than 10(5) bacteria per gram of tissue in a majority of wounds by 48 hours of treatment. In addition, such wounds showed no evidence of neoeschar formation. In light of the efficient bacterial control and rapid preparation of the wound for grafting seen in this model, more extensive clinical use of the 5% mafenide acetate solution appears justified.
A Probabilistic Model for Exteriors of Residential Buildings (2016)

We propose a new framework to model the exterior of residential buildings. The main goal of our work is to design a model that can be learned from data that is observable from the outside of a building and that can be trained with widely available data such as aerial images and street-view images. First, we propose a parametric model to describe the exterior of a building (with a varying number of parameters) and propose a set of attributes as a building representation with fixed dimensionality. Second, we propose a hierarchical graphical model with hidden variables to encode the relationships between building attributes and learn both the structure and parameters of the model from the database. Third, we propose optimization algorithms to generate three-dimensional models based on building attributes sampled from the graphical model. Finally, we demonstrate our framework by synthesizing new building models and completing partially observed building models from photographs.
Determination of Hydrophile-Lipophile Character of Surface Active Agents and Oils by Water Titration (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Hydrophile-Lipophile Character of Surface Active Agents and Oils by Water TitrationH. L. Greenwald, G. L. Brown, and M. N. FinemanCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 11, 1693–1697Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60119a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60119a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts