gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Scalable LDPC Decoder on GPU (2011)

A flexible and scalable approach for LDPC decoding on CUDA based Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) is presented in this paper. Layered decoding is a popular method for LDPC decoding and is known for its fast convergence. However, efficient implementation of the layered decoding algorithm on GPU is challenging due to the limited amount of data-parallelism available in this algorithm. To overcome this problem, a kernel execution configuration that can decode multiple codewords simultaneously on GPU is developed. This paper proposes a compact data packing scheme to reduce the number of global memory accesses and parity-check matrix representation to reduce constant memory latency. Global memory bandwidth efficiency is improved by coalescing simultaneous memory accesses of threads in a half-warp into a single memory transaction. Asynchronous data transfers are used to hide host memory latency by overlapping kernel execution with data transfers between CPU and GPU. The proposed implementation of LDPC decoder on GPU performs two orders of magnitude faster than the LDPC decoder on a CPU and four times faster than the previously reported LDPC decoder on GPU. This implementation achieves a throughput of 160Mbps, which is comparable to dedicated hardware solutions.
Studies of peptides forming 310- and .alpha.-helixes and .beta.-bend ribbon structures in organic solution and in model biomembranes by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1991)

In order to examine the potential correlation between infrared absorption spectra and 3(10)- and alpha-helices and beta-bend ribbon structures, the secondary structures of synthetic peptides known to contain pure 3(10)-helices, mixed 3(10)/alpha-helices, and pure beta-bend ribbon structures, based upon X-ray diffraction and NMR studies, have been investigated by using FTIR spectroscopy incorporating resolution-enhancement techniques. Studies of the peptides known to contain a stable 3(10)-helix in CDCl3 show the main amide I band of fully stable 3(10)-helices occurs at 1666-1662 cm-1. Resolution-enhancement methods revealed small contributions at 1681-1678 and 1646-1644 cm-1, while the amide II band occurs at 1533-1531 cm-1. Peptides known to contain both alpha- and 3(10)-helices in their structure exhibit bands characteristic of both types of conformation. Peptides known to fold into the beta-bend ribbon structure show an amide I band maximum at 1648-1645 cm-1 with the amide II band at 1538-1536 cm-1. Incorporation of these peptides into model membrane structures, e.g., DMPC vesicles, in aqueous buffer sometimes produces changes in the peptide secondary structure. Those peptides which possess a 3(10)-helical structure in CDCl3 solution change the secondary structure in DMPC vesicles to predominantly alpha-helical, plus a contribution from short, unstable 3(10)-helix and/or beta-turns. Those peptides which contain a combination of alpha- and 3(10)-helical structures in CDCl3 solution tend to retain some 3(10)-helical structure within the lipid environment, although the overall H-bonding pattern is altered. Those peptides which form a beta-bend ribbon structure appear to be largely unaffected in the membrane environment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Serum omentin levels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (2013)

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with increased rates of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The basic mechanisms involved in the increased cardiovascular risk of OSAS remain unclear. Recent discoveries of fat-secreted substances which serve endocrine roles, improve our understanding of the relationship between OSAS, CVD, and the metabolic syndrome. In this study, we aimed to examine associations between omentin levels and OSAS. Methods: 46 newly diagnosed OSAS patients and 35 age-matched nonapneic controls were enrolled in this study. Polysomnography (PSG) was performed in all patients. Results: The mean age was 48.1±12.5 (24-74) years in OSAS group and 42.8±14.1 (21-69) in control group. 46 (34 males and 12 females) of the 81 patients were classified as having OSAS, and 35 patients (20 males and 15 females) as control. Plasma levels of omentin were found to be markedly higher in OSAS patients (570.8 ng/ml) than in the control group (432.0 ng/ml; p<0.001). In addition, plasma levels of omentin were found to be high in all OSAS subgroups than in controls. The plasma omentin levels were negatively correlated with sex, smoking and positively correlated with age, BMI, AHI, Epworth sleepiness scale. Spearman correlation coefficients between age, sex, BMI, smoking, Epworth sleepiness scale, AHI, minimum SpO2 and Omentin levels in OSAS groups. r p Age 0.45 0.002 Sex (F:1, M:2) -0.21 0.17 Smoking -0.19 0.22 BMI 0.19 0.21 AHI 0.12 0.42 Epworth sleepiness scale 0.02 0.90 Minimum SpO2 -0.10 0.53 Conclusions: We conclude that circulating omentin levels are elevated in OSAS patients. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first clinical study that demonstrated the association between omentin and OSAS.
Tissue reaction to intraperitoneally implanted catheter materials (1991)

The limiting factor that introduces long-term complications of intraperitoneal (i.p.) catheters used, for example, with the Programable Implantable Medication System (PIMS) is the encapsulation of the catheter tip with tissues due to tissue reaction. The objective is the development of new catheters for PIMS or other systems for i.p. insulin delivery that allow continued insulin flow. The study is based on two hypotheses: (1) vascularized tissue will grow into a porous end plug mounted at the catheter tip (100-300 microns pore diameter), with sufficient blood supply to carry the insulin to the circulation; (2) use of a narrow pore diameter (25 microns or less) end plug will prevent tissue ingrowth yet allow insulin flow. The biological response to the following materials, all designed for use in catheters, were studied: polyurethane, segmented polyether-urethane, alumina coated on Teflon (proplast regular and micro-pore), pyrolytic carbon, high density polyethylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, hydroxyapatite, bioglass, and expanded Teflon. Some of these materials also are used for several other applications: vascular grafts, in the cardiovascular system, and for dental, orthopaedic, and other purposes. The shape and size of the end plugs made from each of the materials were as similar as possible to minimize size effects. The test materials were implanted i.p. in 12 dogs for a period of 12 weeks. The cylindrical plugs were typically 1.5-2.5 cm long, with an inside diameter of 0.3 cm, and an outside diameter of 0.6 cm. When the explants were retrieved, thin capsules were observed, of varying thickness and blood supply, surrounding the end of the catheters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fabrication and testing of a microdynamic rotor for blood flow measurements (1991)

Flow studies have been conducted, in vitro, on prototype microfabricated blood flow sensors. The envisioned measurement principle is the detection of the rotation of a micromachined polysilicon rotor of diameter 300 mu m. Repeatable rotation rates as a function of media velocity were obtained for both nitrogen and water. Fluid flow asymmetries, necessary to produce a torque on the rotor, were created by integrating a 2 mu m thick polysilicon cap over half the rotor. Blade deflection, due to intrinsic stress in the polysilicon films, was eliminated by thermal annealing. This allows the rotor, 2 mu m thick, to rotate in the 7 mu m gap between the substrate and the polysilicon cap. Operation of the device in heparinized dog blood resulted in considerable numbers of erythrocytes sticking to the polysilicon elements.
Lipstatin, an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase, produced by Streptomyces toxytricini. II. Chemistry and structure elucidation. (1987)

The structure of a new pancreatic lipase inhibitor, lipstatin, produced by Streptomyces toxytricini was determined as (2S,3S,5S,7Z,10Z)-5-[(S)-2-formamido-4-methylpentanoyloxy ]-2-hexyl-3- hydroxy-7,10-hexadecadienoic lactone by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Structurally lipstatin is closely related to the known esterase inhibitor esterastin. It contains a N-formyl-L-leucine side chain instead of the N-acetyl-L-asparagine in esterastin.
An Optimized Semidetailed Submechanism of Benzene Formation from Propargyl Recombination (2006)

The self-reaction of propargyl (C3H3) radicals has been widely suggested as one of the key routes forming benzene in a variety of aliphatic flames. Currently, in the majority of aromatic models, the C3H3 + C3H3 submechanism often contains one or two C6H6 isomers and a few global reaction steps, which do not adequately represent the actual recombination chemistry. Recent experimental and theoretical studies on the direct propargyl recombination and subsequent C6H6 isomerization have provided sufficient information to revisit and revise the C3H3 + C3H3 reaction submechanism. In the present work, a semidetailed kinetic model consisting of seven isomeric C6H6 species and 14 reaction steps was constructed based on the most recent potential energy surface for this system. The trial model was subjected to systemic optimization by use of a recently developed physically bounded Gauss-Newton (PGN) method against detailed species profiles of direct propargyl recombination and 1,5-hexadiyne (15HD) isomerization obtained from experiments at high temperatures in a shock tube and at low temperatures in a flow reactor, which were all measured at very high pressure (shock tube) or atmospheric (flow reactor) conditions. Predictions of the optimized model were in excellent agreement with all experimental measurements. The optimized C3H3 + C3H3 reaction subset was also tested for flame modeling. Two different aromatic chemistry models that incorporate benzene formation from propargyl radicals as a single step reaction were modified to include the complete submechanism for propargyl recombination. The updated models predict significant percentages of three isomeric species [2-ethynyl-1,3-butadiene (2E13BD), fulvene, and benzene] in premixed fuel-rich acetylene and ethylene flames, reflecting the observed flame structures.
Reduction of Sphingomyelin Level without Accumulation of Ceramide in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Affects Detergent-resistant Membrane Domains and Enhances Cellular Cholesterol Efflux to Methyl-β-cyclodextrin (2000)

We examined the effects of reduction of sphingomyelin level on cholesterol behavior in cells using 2 types of Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants deficient in sphingomyelin synthesis: LY-A strain defective in intracellular trafficking of ceramide for sphingomyelin synthesis, and LY-B strain defective in the enzyme catalyzing the initial step of sphingolipid biosynthesis. Although the sphingomyelin content in LY-A and LY-B cells was approximately 40 and approximately 15%, respectively, of the wild-type level without accumulation of ceramide, these mutant cells were almost identical in cholesterol content and also in plasma membrane cholesterol level to the wild-type cells. However, density gradient fractionation analysis of Triton X-100-treated lysates of cells prelabeled with [(3)H]cholesterol showed that the [(3)H]cholesterol level in the low-density floating fraction was lower in sphingomyelin-deficient cells than in wild-type cells. When cells were exposed to methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, cholesterol was more efficiently fluxed from sphingomyelin-deficient cells than wild-type cells. These results suggest that the steady state level of cholesterol at the plasma membrane is little affected by the sphingomyelin levels in Chinese hamster ovary cells, but that sphingomyelin levels play an important role in the retention of cholesterol in the plasma membrane against efflux to extracellular cholesterol-acceptors, due to interaction between sphingomyelin and cholesterol in detergent-resistant membrane domains.
Salvage of Superficial Palmar Avulsion (1996)

Avulsion injuries of the hand caused by moving rollers usually create a distally or, less commonly, a laterally based skin flap. Progressive necrosis in the distant part of the flap usually occurs because of arterial insufficiency and venous stasis over the next 2 to 3 weeks. From 1991 to 1994, we applied the concept of the "arterialized venous flap" to salvage the palmar tissue by revascularizing the superficial palmar venous network with an arterial anastomosis in eight patients. Six of the flaps survived completely and two had a small strip of marginal necrosis which healed secondarily. When compared with conventional methods, this method can remarkably improve the circulation of the flap and provide a better cosmetic and functional result for the highly specialized palmar tissue.
Design and implementation of a soft computing-based controller for a complex mechanical system (2016)

Soft-Computing basierende Regler beinhalten Algorithmen, die im Bereich des Maschinellen Lernens einzuordnen sind.Diese Regler sind in der Lage eine geeignete Steuerungsstrategie durch direkte Interaktion mit einer dynamischen Regelstrecke zu entwerfen.Sowohl klassische als auch moderne Reglerentwurfsmethoden hngen von der Genauigkeit des verwendeten dynamischen Systemmodells ab, was insbesondere bei steigender Komplexitt des Systems und auftretenden Modellunsicherheiten nicht mehr uneingeschrnkt gewhrleistet werden kann.Die Ziele von Soft-Computing basierenden Reglern sind die Verbesserung der Gte des Regelverhaltens und eine geeignete Anpassung der Regler ohne eine mathematische Modellbildung auf Grundlage von physikalischen Gesetzen.Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden fnf Algorithmen zur Modellbildung und Regelung dynamischer Systeme untersucht,
Ureteral injuries at laparoscopy: Insights into diagnosis, management, and prevention (1990)

The increasing use of laparoscopy as a therapeutic method mandates a reappraisal of the risks involved. Complications frequently described include injuries to the large and small bowels, bladder, and blood vessels. The world literature reports only eight cases of ureteral injury at laparoscopy. In this report, we present five additional cases of ureteral injury occurring at laparoscopy, in addition to a summary of those previously reported. Patients tend to present in the early postoperative period (48-72 hours) with low back pain, abdominal pain, leukocytosis, and peritonitis. The diagnosis should be made by intravenous pyelography; if possible, the injury should be stented by either the retrograde or percutaneous route. The injuries, except for one apparent trocar injury, involved the use of electrocoagulation, both unipolar and bipolar. The injuries occurred most commonly near the uterosacral ligaments. In 38% (five of 13) of the cases, the laparoscopy was performed for treatment of endometriosis. Three of the 13 patients eventually lost renal function of the affected side; two of these underwent a nephrectomy. Because visualization of the ureter near the cervix at the time of laparoscopy is difficult, especially in the presence of disease, laparoscopic procedures in this area must be carried out with caution.
Learning Radiologist’s Step-by-Step Skill for Cervical Spinal Injury Examination: Line Drawing, Prevertebral Soft Tissue Thickness Measurement, and Swelling Detection (2018)

Radiologists examine lateral view radiographs of the cervical spine to determine the presence of cervical spinal injury. In this paper, we demonstrate that an artificial intelligence neural network can learn the steps employed by a radiologist when examining these radiographs for possible injury. We deconstructed the decision-making strategy into three steps: line drawing, prevertebral soft tissue thickness (PSTT) measurement, and swelling detection. After training neural networks to be guided by the radiologist’s intermediate labels, the networks successfully performed comparable line drawings to those of the radiologists, and subsequent PSTT measurement and swelling detection were successful. Quantitative comparison of PSTT measurements between our proposed method and radiologists showed a high correlation (r = 0.8663, p < 0.05, and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.9283 at the C2 level; r = 0.7720, p < 0.05, and intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.8667 at the C6 level). Using the radiologist’s diagnosis as the reference point, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of swelling detection by our proposed method were 100%, 98.37%, and 98.48, respectively. We conclude that our neural networks successfully learned the sequence of skills used by radiologists when interpreting radiographs for injury of the cervical spine.
Multiparameter grating metrology using optical scatterometry (1997)

Scatterometry, the analysis of light diffraction from periodic structures, is shown to be a versatile metrology technique applicable to a number of processes involved in the production of microelectronic devices. We have demonstrated that the scatterometer measurement technique is robust to changes in the thickness of underlying films. Indeed, there is sufficient information in one signature to determine four process parameters at once, namely the linewidth and thickness of the photoresist grating, and the thicknesses of two underlying film layers. Results from determining these dimensions on a 25 wafer study show excellent agreement between the scatterometry measurements and measurements made with other metrology instruments [top-down and cross-section scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ellipsometer]. In particular, measurements of nominal 0.35 μm lines agree well with cross-section SEM measurements; the average bias is −1.7 nm. Similarly, for nominal 0.25 μm lines, the average bias is −7.3 nm. In addition, the repeatability (1σ) of this technique is shown to be subnanometer for all of the parameters measured (linewidth, resist height, antireflection coating thickness, and poly-Si thickness).
A Dual-Use Speech CAPTCHA: Aiding Visually Impaired Web Users while Providing Transcriptions of Audio Streams (2007)

This work focuses on development of an alternative aural CAPTCHA technology based on a speech transcription task. The principal goals are (1) to provide a better quality of service for visually impaired web users who currently have few alternatives for accessing web services protected by CAPTCHAs based on visual perception tasks, (2) as a side effect of CAPTCHA use, collect meaning data, such as transcriptions of speech found in online audio streams, and (3) deploy the CAPTCHA publicly to increase the general awareness of accessibility concerns on the web for users with disabilities. Toward these ends, an experimental corpus of human transcriptions of short audio clips was created to support aural CAPTCHA experimentation. Results suggest that the techniques investigated represent viable aural reCAPTCHA mechanisms. 2
Measurement and Analysis of Fatigue by a New Acoustical Method in Comparison with Optical Flicker Fusion Technique. (1993)

According to the acoustical method introduce here, a pair of pure tones, of 2 kHz with a duration of 20 msec, was given repeatedly as acoustical stimuli. The interval of the two tones was changed stepwisely to determine the threshold, Tm, of acoustical fusion of the two tones. Simultaneously, the traditional optical flicker fusion technique was used to determine the corresopnding threshold, Fm. Then, Tm was examined whether it could be utilized to measure fatigue. The following three kind of experiments were carried out: 1) Tm showed a reasonable diurnal change, which was just in the counter phase of that of Fm. 2) A questionnaire survey about various factors ascribable to subjective fatigue in daily activities was conducted, and made measurement and analysis of these various factors of fatigue including Tm and Fm. (a) The weights of the factors contributing to Tm and Fm was assessed by Hayashi's Quantification Theory (I). The result showed that Fm was determined chiefly by the major activity of the day, the type of drinks taken just before the measurement, and the degree of waking level, while Tm tended to be determined by the day of the week, weather conditions, etc. also, it was found that both of Fm and Tm were determined similarly by the activity prior to measurement, the subjective fatigue level, and the time of measurement. (b) The weights of factors contributing to subjective fatigue was determined by Hayashi's Quantification Theory (II). The result showed that the subjective fatigue was mainly determined by the degree of waking level, Tm, the activity prior to the measurement, and Fm. 3) Fm and Tm were changed by VDT workload. Fm was changed in the negative direction, while Tm was changed in the positive. Thus, it may be concluded that Tm is acceptable as a indicator of work-indused fatigue.
Detection of 0.5THz radiation from intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 Josephson junctions (2006)

We report the detection of electromagnetic radiation at about 500GHz from current-biased intrinsic Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8 single crystal Josephson junctions. We used two silicon lenses to quasioptically couple radiation from our samples to an integrated superconducting heterodyne receiver. The estimated maximum Josephson radiation power which reached the receiver antenna was about 1pW. We attribute the observed radiation to individual Josephson junctions of the stack and discuss a possibility of the phase locking of a larger number of junctions.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESSURE- SENSITIVE PAINT (PSP) TECHNIQUE FOR ADVANCED TURBOMACHINERY APPLICATIONS (1997)

A new pressure measurement technique that employs the tools of molecular spectroscopy has recently received considerable attention in the community. Measurements are made via oxygen-sensitive molecules attached to the surface of interest as a coating, or paint. The pressure-sensitive paint (PSP) technique is now commonly used in stationary wind tunnel tests; this thesis presents extension of the technique to advanced turbomachinery applications. New pressure- and temperature-sensitive paints (TSPs) have been developed for application to a state-of-the-art compressor where pressures up to 2 atm and surface temperatures to 140 deg C are expected for the first stage rotor. PSP and TSP data images have been acquired from the suction surface of the first-stage rotor at 85 percent of the correct design speed for the compressor peak efficiency condition. The shock structure is clearly visible in the pressure image, and visual comparison to the corresponding computer prediction shows quantitative pressures similar to the PSP data. The measurement error is estimated to range from 0.36 kPa in low pressure regions to 4 kPa in high pressure regions.
Plasmid ColE3 specifies a lysis protein (1984)

Tn5 insertion mutations in plasmid ColE3 were isolated and characterized. Several of the mutants synthesized normal amounts of active colicin E3 but, unlike wild-type colicinogenic cells, did not release measurable amounts of colicin into the culture medium. Cells bearing the mutant plasmids were immune to exogenous colicin E3 at about the same level as wild-type colicinogenic cells. All of these lysis mutants mapped near, but outside of, the structural genes for colicin E3 and immunity protein. Cells carrying the insertion mutations which did not release colicin E3 into the medium were not killed by UV exposure at levels that killed cells bearing wild-type plasmids. The protein specified by the lysis gene was identified in minicells and in mitomycin C-induced cells. A small protein, with a molecular weight between 6,000 and 7,000, was found in cells which released colicin into the medium, but not in mutant cells that did not release colicin. Two mutants with insertions within the structural gene for colicin E3 were also characterized. They produced no colicin activity, but both synthesized a peptide consistent with their map position near the middle of the colicin gene. These two insertion mutants were also phenotypically lysis mutants--they were not killed by UV doses lethal to wild-type colicinogenic cells and they did not synthesize the small putative lysis protein. Therefore, the lysis gene is probably in the same operon as the structural gene for colicin E3.