gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bacterial interference in the nasopharynx following antimicrobial therapy of acute otitis media (1998)

The effect on the nasopharyngeal bacterial flora of therapy for 10 days with co-amoxiclav or cefprozil was studied in 50 children with acute otitis media. Before therapy, potential pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis) were isolated in 14 (56%) of those treated with co-amoxiclav and 15 (60%) of those treated with cefprozil. Following therapy, the reduction in the number of these pathogens was the same in the two groups. However, differences between the groups were noted in the recovery of organisms with interfering capability, namely alpha-haemolytic streptococci, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Prevotella melaninogenica. Fifty interfering organisms were recovered from each group before therapy. After therapy with co-amoxiclav or cefprozil their number declined to 11 and 42, respectively (P< 0.001).
In-Fiber Bragg Grating Impact Force Transducer for Studying Head–Helmet Mechanical Interaction in Head Impact (2015)

In this paper, we present the first Bragg-grating-based transducer system for application to trauma biomechanics, more specifically head-helmet contact force measurements secondary to headform impact. The transducer comprises an aluminum superstructure designed to withstand typical impact forces in helmeted impact and to have resonances that allow the overall sensor system to capture all relevant spectral components of force transients in impact. Structural finite-element models and strain-optic relationships are used to predict transducer sensitivity to impact force as well as mechanical resonances. The model predictions are verified through experimental calibration, and calibration results are, on average, within 10% of model predictions of force sensitivity. The model predicted first mechanical resonance is 72 kHz. The impact force transducer is also validated for helmeted impacts using an industry standard impact experiment and test headform. Results indicate excellent repeatability: maximum standard deviation of force measurements of 0.4% of the net force applied to the impacted headform and average error in the time duration of the force transients of only 4%. Transient impact forces measured with the Bragg grating transducer are in agreement with magnitudes inferred from work of previous researchers. The presented transducer can be applied with both helmet test and anthropomorphic headforms to measure distributions of transient forces and therefore hypotheses related to helmet performance and head injury.
Attenuated<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>SV4089 as a Potential Carrier of Oral DNA Vaccine in Chickens (2012)

Attenuated Salmonella has been used as a carrier for DNA vaccine. However, in vitro and in vivo studies on the bacteria following transfection of plasmid DNA were poorly studied. In this paper, eukaryotic expression plasmids encoding avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H5N1 genes, pcDNA3.1/HA, NA, and NP, were transfected into an attenuated Salmonella enteric typhimurium SV4089. In vitro stability of the transfected plasmids into Salmonella were over 90% after 100 generations. The attenuated Salmonella were able to invade MCF-7 (1.2%) and MCF-10A (0.5%) human breast cancer cells. Newly hatched specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks were inoculated once by oral gavage with 10(9) colony-forming unit (CFU) of the attenuated Salmonella. No abnormal clinical signs or deaths were recorded after inoculation. Viable bacteria were detected 3 days after inoculation by plating from spleen, liver, and cecum. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were carried out for confirmation. Salmonella was not detected in blood cultures although serum antibody immune responses to Salmonella O antiserum group D1 factor 1, 9, and 12 antigens were observed in all the inoculated chickens after 7 days up to 35 days. Our results showed that live attenuated S. typhimurium SV4089 harboring pcDNA3.1/HA, NA, and NP may provide a unique alternative as a carrier for DNA oral vaccine in chickens.
Microglia function in brain tumors (2005)

Microglia play an important role in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). These cells have also been identified in brain neoplasms; however, as of yet their function largely remains unclear. More recent studies designed to characterize further tumor-associated microglia suggest that the immune effector function of these cells may be suppressed in CNS tumors. Furthermore, microglia and macrophages can secrete various cytokines and growth factors that may contribute to the successful immune evasion, growth, and invasion of brain neoplasms. A better understanding of microglia and macrophage function is essential for the development of immune-based treatment strategies against malignant brain tumors.
A Survey of Classical and Recent Results in Bin Packing Problem (2020)

In the classical bin packing problem one receives a sequence of n items 1, 2,..., n with sizes s1, s2, . . . ,sn where each item has a fixed size in (0, 1]. One needs to find a partition of the items into sets of size1, called bins, so that the number of sets in the partition is minimized and the sum of the sizes of the pieces assigned to any bin does not exceed its capacity. This combinatorial optimization problem which is NP hard has many variants as well as online and offline versions of the problem. Though the problem is well studied and numerous results are known, there are many open problems. Recently bin packing has gained renewed attention in as a tool in the area of cloud computing. We give a survey of different variants of the problem like 2D bin packing, strip packing, bin packing with rejection and emphasis on recent results. The thesis contains a discussion of a newly claimed tight result for First Fit Decreasing by Dosa et.al. as well as various new versions of the problem by Epstein and others.
Cloning and characterization of mdc genes encoding malonate decarboxylase from Pseudomonas putida (1999)

The DNA fragment encoding malonate decarboxylase, involved in malonate assimilation, was cloned from Pseudomonas putida. The 11-kb DNA fragment contained nine open reading frames, which were designated mdcABCDEGHLM in the given order. N-terminal protein sequencing established that the mdcA, mdcC, mdcD, mdcE and mdcH genes encoded subunits α, δ, β, γ and ε of the malonate decarboxylase, respectively. Malonate decarboxylase was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli from plasmid harboring the entire gene cluster or the mdc genes lacking the mdcL and mdcM genes. The mdcL and mdcM genes encode membrane proteins and disruption of the genes of P. putida by the insertion of a kanamycin resistance cassette reduced the malonate uptake activity of the organism. Thus, we conclude that MdcLM is a malonate transporter.
Control-theoretic techniques and thermal-RC modeling for accurate and localized dynamic thermal management (2004)

This paper proposes the use of formal feedback control theory as a way to implement adaptive techniques in the processor architecture. Dynamic thermal management (DTM) is used as a test vehicle, and variations of a PID controller (Proportional-Integral-Differential) are developed and tested for adaptive control of fetch "toggling." To accurately test the DTM mechanism being proposed, this paper also develops a thermal model based on lumped thermal resistances and thermal capacitances. This model is computationally efficient and tracks temperature at the granularity of individual functional blocks within the processor. Because localized heating occurs much faster than chip-wide heating, some parts of the processor are more likely, to be "hot spots" than others. Experiments using Wattch and the SPEC2000 benchmarks show that the thermal trigger threshold can be set within 0.2/spl deg/ of the maximum temperature and yet never enter thermal emergency. This cuts the performance loss of DTM by 65% compared to the previously described fetch toggling technique that uses a response of fixed magnitude.
Reduction of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDMsignals withcompanding transform (2001)

A companding transform-based scheme for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmitted OFDM signals is proposed. This scheme effectively compresses large signals while enhancing small ones, achieving a significant reduction of PAPR with a low computational complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: HETARYLNITRENES. 7. CYCLIC CARBODIIMIDES BY REARRANGEMENTS OF NITRENES (1980)

Abstract Die Blitzpyrolyse von (I) ergab das Carbonitril (IV).
Differential Interactions of Rabbit Plasma α-1-Antiproteinases S and F with Porcine Trypsin (1988)

Two major forms of rabbit plasma alpha-1-antiproteinase, S and F, were separated by affinity chromatography on Red Sepharose, and their modes of interaction with porcine trypsin were studied. The S form interacted with trypsin much more slowly than the F form, and the resulting complex partially retained the amidolytic and proteolytic activities towards benzoyl-L-arginine p-nitroanilide and remazol brilliant blue hide powder, respectively. This S form-trypsin complex also prevented the inactivation of bound trypsin by soybean trypsin inhibitor. In marked contrast, an equimolar complex of trypsin and the F form retained neither amidolytic nor proteolytic activity. These results suggest that the F form blocks the active site of trypsin while the S form does not bind directly to the active site, thereby preserving the catalytic potential of trypsin. No similar interaction was observed, however, between the S form and either bovine chymotrypsin or porcine pancreatic elastase. Both the S and F forms inactivated these proteinases in a stoichiometric manner with differing inhibitor/proteinase binding ratios. The S form showed about twofold greater capacity to inhibit elastase than the F form, whereas the reverse was the case for chymotrypsin.
Microbiological Aspects of Ethylene Oxide Sterilization (1970)

Spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger, dried on nonhygroscopic and hygroscopic surfaces, were enclosed in one of four thicknesses of low-density polyethylene film (2, 4, 6, and 20 mils). The surfaces were then placed in a specially designed thermochemical death rate apparatus and exposed to an ethylene oxide concentration of 600 mg/liter (at 54.4 C) and 50% relative humidity. Survival data, including both spore survivor curves and decimal reduction values (expressed as D values at 54.4 C-600 mg of ethylene oxide per liter), demonstrated similar survivor patterns when the B. subtilis var. niger spores were enclosed in low-density polyethylene films 2, 4, and 6 mils thick. A comparison of these patterns with those of spores enclosed in glassine and subjected to identical exposure conditions revealed only slight variations. The use of 20-mil polyethylene film greatly increased the time required to kill B. subtilis var. niger spores under the exposure conditions.
Robotic Tumor Tracking Techniques in Radiation Therapy (2012)

Precise and accurate dose delivery is critically important in external beam radiation therapy. In many cases target-volumes are stationary, but the problem arises when the tumors move significantly. Respiratory and cardiac motions have been found to displace and deform tumors in the lung, pancreas, liver, breast, and other organs. Because of this, radiation oncologists must expand the margin around tumor for radiation therapy. Consequently, a large volume of healthy tissue is irradiated, and critical organs adjacent to the tumor are sometimes difficult to spare. Implementation of the robotic tumor tracking techniques can potentially improve the quality of patient treatment by reducing unnecessary radiation dose to healthy normal tissues and critical structures and thereby lowering the toxicity level and increasing survival. Moreover, unlike gating, robotic tracking and dynamic delivery of radiation dose would be faster and efficacious.
Formación inicial de los maestros de religión católica en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Granada (2011)

La tesis doctoral Formacion inicial de los maestros de Religion Catolica en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion de la Universidad de Granada consiste, como su titulo indica, en el estudio y analisis del proceso curricular formativo dentro de la etapa inicial de los maestros de Religion Catolica, en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion de la Universidad de Granada, desde un diseno metodologico eclectico (cuantitativo y cualitativo) que nos proporciona un conocimiento global del estado de la cuestion, formulando las adecuadas conclusiones y propuestas de mejoras.
 Nuestro trabajo esta determinado en el planteamiento de los siguientes objetivos: 1. Analizar el origen y proceso historico del area de Religion Catolica, en el sistema educativo espanol en el contexto de la formacion inicial.
2. Determinar la configuracion de la formacion inicial de los Maestros de Religion, en los planes de estudios actuales en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educacion en la Universidad de Granada.
3. Describir las caracteristicas que ofrece la Ensenanza Religiosa incardinada curricularmente en la formacion inicial.
4. Realizar un analisis empirico ( por medio de un cuestionario) del perfil personal y profesional de los futuros especialista de religion.
5. Realizar un estudio cualitativo (por medio de una entrevista) sobre los valores docentes que encuentran los profesores en el ejercicio de su profesion educativa.
6. Reflexionar sobre la capacitacion, identidad y funcion del futuro maestro especialista de religion.
7. Profundizar en contenidos curriculares de formacion inicial y su proyeccion, para dar respuesta a las exigencias curriculares de las Escuelas.
 Utilizamos una metodologia de investigacion eclectica que es cuantitativa y cualitativa, analizamos los datos objetivos presentado desde una indagacion instrumental, donde aplicamos la metodologia de la encuesta mediante un cuestionario y una entrevista, obtenemos los resultados cuantitativos, a partir de unos items idoneos a nuestra investigacion con la debida validacion universitaria, y constituyendo, de este modo, el medio eficaz de muestreo en la investigacion. Despues de un tratamiento estadistico S.P.S.S. (Stadistical Packege of Social Sciences) se obtendran los resultados numericos de dicha investigacion.
 El aporte que supone es doble: 1. Ofrecer los datos de estudios empiricos a la comunidad cientifica, referente a las caracteristicas, necesidad formativa...
2. Presentar unas lineas prospectivas operativas de formacion que responda a dichas necesidades.
 Con este estudio se concretizan aspectos fundamentales, que conforman al maestro especialista en Religion en esta etapa formativa inicial, que son principalmente: el conocimiento curricular formativo, la idoneidad didactica, la cualificacion educativa y formacion inicial.
 Estos resultados se comparan mediante un procedimiento de triangulacion con las respuestas recogidas de la entrevistas, y finalmente se presentan las conclusiones de la investigacion.
Common and Rare <i>ABCA1</i> Variants Affecting Plasma HDL Cholesterol (2000)

Mutations in ABCA1, a member of the ATP-binding cassette family, have been shown to underlie Tangier disease (TD) and familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (FHA), which are genetic disorders that are characterized by depressed concentrations of plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. An important question is whether common variants within the coding sequence of ABCA1 can affect plasma HDL cholesterol in the general population. To address this issue, we developed a screening strategy to find common ABCA1 variants. This strategy involved long-range amplification of genomic DNA by using coding sequences only, followed by deep sequencing into the introns. This method helped us to characterize a new set of amplification primers, which permitted amplification of virtually all of the coding sequence of ABCA1 and its intron-exon boundaries with a single DNA amplification program. With these new sequencing primers, we found 3 novel ABCA1 mutations: a frameshift mutation (4570insA, A1484S-->X1492), a missense mutation (A986D) in a TD family, and a missense mutation (R170C) in aboriginal subjects with FHA. We also used these sequencing primers to characterize 4 novel common amino acid variants in ABCA1, in addition to 5 novel common silent variants. We tested for association of the ABCA1 I/M823 variant with plasma HDL cholesterol in Canadian Inuit and found that M823/M823 homozygotes had significantly higher plasma HDL cholesterol compared with subjects with the other genotypes. The results provide proof of principle of the effectiveness of this approach to identify both rare and common ABCA1 genomic variants and also suggest that common amino acid variation in ABCA1 is a determinant of plasma HDL cholesterol in the general population.
Über Pterinchemie. 60. vorläufige Mitteilung [1]. Eine neue, regiospezifische Synthese von <scp>L</scp>‐Biopterin (1977)

A new, regiospecific synthesis of L ‐biopterine Pure L ‐biopterine (I) is obtained in 35–40% yield by condensation of 5‐desoxy‐ L ‐arabinose‐hydrazone acetate with 2,4,5‐triamino‐6‐hydroxy‐pyrimidine, followed by oxidation of the formed tetrahydro‐derivative and deacetylation of the L ‐bioterine diacetate. Catalytic reduction of the L ‐biopterine gives the expected mixture of two diastereomeric tetrahydro‐ L ‐biopterines.
Efficient resource description and high quality selection for virtual grids (2005)

Simple resource specification, resource selection, and effective binding are critical capabilities for grid middleware. We describe the virtual grid, an abstraction for providing these capabilities complex resource environments. Elements of the virtual grid include a novel resource description language (vgDL) and a resource selection and binding component (vgFAB), which accepts a vgDL specification and returns a virtual grid, that is, a set of selected and bound resources. The goals of vgFAB are efficiency, scalability, robustness to high resource contention, and the ability to produce results with quantifiable high quality. We present the design of vgDL, showing how it captures application-level resource abstractions using resource aggregates and connectivity amongst them. We present and evaluate a prototype implementation of vgFAB. Our results show that resource selection and binding for virtual grids of 10,000's of resources can scale up to grids with millions of resources, identifying good matches in less than one second. Further, these matches have quantifiable quality, enabling applications to have high confidence in the results. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our combined selection and binding approach in the presence of resource contention, showing that robust selection and binding can be achieved at moderate cost.
Fall K 13 (1988)

Die GmbH G hat von ihrem Gesellschafter P (Privatmann) ein unbebautes Grundstück zum Preise von 500 000 DM erworben; die Erwerbs-Nebenkosten in Höhe von 38 400 DM gingen zu Lasten der GmbH. Die GmbH G hat das Grundstück drei Wochen später zum Preise von 436 000 DM (Nebenkosten zu Lasten des Käufers) an einen Dritten weiterverkauft. P besaß das Grundstück seit vielen Jahren. Die GmbH G verfügt zu allen in Betracht kommenden Stichtagen über EK 56 in ausreichender Höhe.
Digital Predistortion of Single and Concurrent Dual-Band Radio Frequency GaN Amplifiers With Strong Nonlinear Memory Effects (2017)

Electrical anomalies due to trapping effects in gallium nitride (GaN) power amplifiers (PAs) give rise to long-term or strong memory effects. We propose novel models based on infinite impulse response fixed pole expansion techniques for the behavioral modeling and digital predistortion of single-input single-output (SISO) and concurrent dual-band GaN PAs. Experimental results show that the proposed models outperform the corresponding finite impulse response (FIR) models by up to 17 dB for the same number of model parameters. For the linearization of a SISO GaN PA, the proposed models give adjacent channel power ratios (ACPRs) that are 7-17 dB lower than the FIR models. For the concurrent dual-band case, the proposed models give ACPRs that are 9-14 dB lower than the FIR models.
Silicon Nitride Film Removal During Chemical Mechanical Polishing Using Ceria-Based Dispersions (2011)

The role of abrasives and additives in ceria-based dispersions on the removal rate of silicon nitride film during chemical mechanical polishing is discussed. Our results suggest that ceria abrasives give high silicon nitride removal rates due to the reactivity of Ce3+ on the surface of the ceria abrasives with the suboxide formed on the silicon nitride surface by hydrolysis. Also, it was observed that the nitride removal rates were suppressed to <2 nm/min when either the hydrolysis of the nitride to oxide is hindered or the Ce3+ on the surface of the ceria abrasive is completely blocked by the adsorption of the additives. However, the two polymer additives, poly(4-vinyl pyridine) and poly(acrylic acid-co-diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride), do not suppress the silicon nitride RR even though they adsorb on the ceria particle surface and we propose an alternate removal mechanism for this case.
Epicardial Outgrowth Inhibition Leads to Compensatory Mesothelial Outflow Tract Collar and Abnormal Cardiac Septation and Coronary Formation (2000)

In the present study, we investigated the modulatory role of the epicardium in myocardial and coronary development. Epicardial cell tracing experiments have shown that epicardium-derived cells are the source of interstitial myocardial fibroblasts, cushion mesenchyme, and smooth muscle cells. Epicardial outgrowth inhibition studies show abnormalities of the compact myocardial layer, myocardialization of cushion tissue, looping, septation, and coronary vascular formation. Lack of epicardial spreading is partly compensated by mesothelial outgrowth over the conotruncal region. Heterospecific epicardial transplant is able to partially rescue the myocardial development, as well as septation and coronary formation.
Ueber Dihydroresorcin (1894)

eine wohl charakterisirte Verbindung, ahnlich wie Pliloroglucin in zwei tautomeren Formen, als m -O x ~l ~e
Corrosion Inhibition and Adsorption Behavior of Benzimidazole on Brass in 3% NaCl Solution (2011)

The corrosion inhibition of benzimidazole(BIM) on brass in 3%NaCl solution at 30℃was investigated by Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The results indicated that BIM has certain inhibition ability and the best inhibition efficiency was 93.3%for a dose of 0.4 g/L.Furthermore,the adsorption behavior of BIM on brass at 75℃was also studied by means of curve fitting and electrochemical test.The result shows that the adsorption of BIM on brass followed Langmuir isotherm,the adsorption process was spontaneous and belonged to physical adsorption.