gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Optical Properties of a Water-Soluble Cationic Poly(<i>p</i>-Phenylenevinylene):  Surfactant Complexation with a Conjugated Polyelectrolyte (2008)

In this work, we investigate the emission and absorbance properties of the novel water-soluble cationic conjugated polymer poly{2,5-bis[3-(N,N,N-triethylammonium bromide)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylenevinylene}, denoted here as P2, in the presence of varying amounts of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS). We show that the absolute photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQE), the absorption wavelength, and the emission wavelength of an aqueous solution of P2 can be adjusted according to the surfactant/polymer ratio in aqueous solution. In particular, we show that the addition of SDS to P2 increases the polyelectrolyte's PLQE to approximately 40%. An observed red shift in the emission spectra upon addition of the surfactant is attributed to the reduction in electrostatic repulsive interactions between side chains that minimize the benzene ring twisting along the backbone structure. At the surfactant's critical micelle concentration, the P2 chains wrap around the outer surface of the SDS micelles. This work has implications on the development of new stable poly(p-phenylenevinylene)-based photovoltaic and electroluminescent materials with tunable optical properties.
Correlation of subepithelial haze and refractive regression 1 month after photorefractive keratectomy for myopia. (1999)

Mild to marked subepithelial haze (grade 1 to 2) at the first postoperative month after PRK for myopia is strongly related to regression of initial refractive effect and increasing myopia.
Deposition of the Ni-base superalloy films by pulsed excimer laser (2007)

Ni-base superalloy films were deposited on single crystal Ni-base superalloy substrates from the target with congruent alloy components by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. In this study, substrate temperature, pulse energy, pulse repetition rate and deposition time were selected as independent variables to investigate the effect of each process parameter on structural characteristics of the Ni superalloy films. Micro structure and growth behavior of the films deposited under different process parameters were investigated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Device characteristics of high performance Cu<inf>2</inf>ZnSnS<inf>4</inf> solar cell (2012)

Recently we reported a record efficiency of 8.4% for Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSnS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> (CZTS) solar cell made by vacuum process [1]. We present a more comprehensive characterization of this CZTS cell employing various techniques such as temperature dependent I-V and biased quantum efficiency. By comparing the cell with the data from a reference champion CdTe cell that has similar bandgap, we identify that the biggest problem is the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OC</sub> deficit followed by J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SC</sub> deficit and low fill factor issue. We present analyses of various characterization results to elucidate the underlying factors in the performance bottleneck issues in this present generation of CZTS cell.
New approach for target locations in the presence of wall ambiguities (2006)

A technique for target location estimation in through-the-wall radar imaging applications is presented. The algorithm corrects for the shifts in target positions due to ambiguities in the wall thickness and dielectric constant. We consider uniform walls and perform imaging using wideband beamforming, with the antennas placed against the wall. Behind-the-wall images are obtained using different structures of transmit and receive arrays. For each array structure, a trajectory of the shifts in the target locations is generated assuming different wall parameters. The target position is estimated as the intersection of the corresponding trajectories. The paper shows that for unknown wall thickness or dielectric constant, the point of intersection is the true target position. In the case when both parameters are unknown, the estimated target location is in close proximity to the target true position. It is demonstrated that the performance of the proposed technique is rather insensitive to the target location behind the wall and to various array structures.
Modeling and Control of a Brushless DC Axial Flow Ventricular Assist Device (2002)

This article presents an integrated model of the human circulatory system that incorporates circulatory support by a brushless DC axial flow ventricular assist device (VAD), and a feedback VAD controller designed to maintain physiologically sufficient perfusion. The developed integrated model combines a network type model of the circulatory system with a nonlinear dynamic model of the brushless DC pump We show that maintaining a reference differential pressure between the left ventricle and aorta leads to adequate perfusion for different pathologic cases, ranging from normal heart to left heart asystole, and widely varying physical activity scenarios from rest to exercise.
Characterization of a Recombinant Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Designed To Enter Cells via the IL13Rα2 Receptor of Malignant Glioma Cells (2005)

Malignant glioma tumor cells in situ exhibit on their surfaces the interleukin 13 (IL-13) receptor designated IL13Ralpha2. To target herpes simplex virus 1 to this receptor, we constructed a recombinant virus (R5111) in which the known heparan sulfate binding sites in glycoproteins B and C were deleted and IL-13 was inserted into both glycoproteins C and D. We also transduced a baby hamster kidney cell line lacking the known viral receptors (J1-1) and Vero cells with a plasmid encoding IL13Ralpha2. The J1-1 derivative (J-13R) cell line is susceptible to and replicates the R5111 recombinant virus but not the wild-type parent virus. We report the following. (i) Expression of IL13Ralpha2 was rapidly lost from the surface of transduced cells grown in culture. The loss appeared to be related to ligands present in fetal bovine serum in the medium. None of the malignant glioma cell lines cultivated in vitro and tested to date exhibited the IL13Ralpha2 receptor. (ii) Soluble IL-13 but not IL-4 or IL-2 blocked the replication of R5111 recombinant virus in J-13R cells. (iii) The endocytosis inhibitor PD98059 blocked the replication in J1-1 cells of a mutant lacking glycoprotein D (gD-/-) but not the replication of R5111 in the J-13R cells. We conclude that R5111 enters cells via its interaction with the IL13Ralpha2 receptor in a manner that cannot be differentiated from the interaction of wild-type virus with its receptors.
SecWater (2017)

A framework (SecWater) to assist in the design of secure water treatment plants is presented. SecWater enables plant designers to secure the entire Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) infrastructure using multi-layer security. The framework consists of seven layers labeled SL0 through SL6. Layer SL0 provides the first line of defense against cyber attacks while SL5 and SL6 provide real-time control when an attack is detected. Intermediate layers enable the detection of cyber and physical attacks. Several implementations could be derived using SecWater depending on cost constraints and risks to be tolerated. Four layers in SecWater are in use to secure an existing water treatment plant.
Digging for gold on the Web: experience with the WebGather (2000)

A Web search engine is a powerful tool to find useful information for users on the resourceful World Wide Web. WebGather is a search engine system with a focus on Chinese information discovery, indexing and searching. The authors briefly describe the technology used in WebGather such as heuristic resource discovery algorithm, efficient indexing algorithm, simplified vector space model, effective searching and ranking algorithm, and access interfaces with high usability. Some experience we got from designing and implementing WebGather is provided.
Coaxial hetero-nanostructures with controllable shell thickness: a “Pore Widening” method (2014)

This report presents a versatile “Pore Widening” method that can readily lead to arrays of multi-layered one-dimensional (1D) hetero-nanostructures. Using this simple and facile method, we demonstrate that the thickness of the shell component is controllable by the degree of “Pore Widening”. With careful selection of materials and sequences of deposition steps, a variety of polymer–metal, metal–metal and polymer–metal–metal core–shell nanowires, as well as metal oxide nanotubes and metal oxide–metal double-walled nanotubes can be successfully achieved. This opens up a possibility to tailor new properties of 1D hetero-nanostructures through the judicious combination of different core and shell components in the nanometer size regime.
High brightness laser source based on polarization coupling of two diode lasers with asymmetric feedback (2003)

In this letter, we show that polarization coupling and asymmetric diode-laser feedback can be used to combine two diode-laser beams with low spatial coherence into a single beam with high spatial coherence. The coupled laser source is based on two similar laser systems each consisting of a 1 μm×200 μm broad area laser diode applied with a specially designed feedback circuit. When operating at two times threshold, 50% of the freely running system output power is obtained in a single beam with an M2 beam quality factor of 1.6±0.1, whereas the M2 values of the two freely running diode lasers are 29±1 and 34±1, respectively.
INCLUSIONS IN CONTINUOUS CASTING OF STEEL (2003)

This paper first reviews the sources of inclusions in continuous casting of steel including both indigenous and exogenous inclusions, focusing on reoxidation, slag entrainment, lining erosion and inclusion agglomeration on linings. Secondly, the resulting defects in continuous cast steel products are reviewed, such as flange cracked cans, slag spots, and line defects on the surface of rolled sheet. Thirdly, the current “state-of-the-art” in the evaluation of steel cleanliness is summarized, discussing over 30 different methods including direct and indirect methods. Finally, this paper reviews operating practices to improve steel cleanliness at the tundish and continuous caster.
Key management in efficient and secure group communication (2016)

Wireless communication growth inspires so many new network applications, which are based on multicast communication and group communication models. In a multicast communication to secure our communication from the attackers and unauthenticated users some security policies need to deploy in our network. There are various methods of deploying security one of them is cryptography. It applies a keying process at sender and receiver ends. So, the work of Key management is to manage cryptographic keys in a system. The main functions are key generation, key exchange, storage, use, and replacement of keys. It also works for cryptographic protocol design. It focuses keys which are being used at the user level and at the sender level of data either between users or systems. It is very difficult task of cryptography because it involves system policy, user training, and coordination between all of the components. Key management in multicast communication is more complex than Unicast communication. In a secure system, assuming that a request is made to establish a multicast session amongst a group of members which are communicating to each other is granted. So, this keying process suffers with few problems like more overheads, key size, nos. of keys used etc. This paper focuses on these issues and a new method is proposed here to reduce the communication overheads as well as storage overheads.
Nuclear transfer from teratocarcinoma cells into mouse oocytes and eggs (1990)

A spontaneous ovarian teratocarcinoma was isolated from a LT/Sv mouse female and converted into an ascites tumor from which embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells were dissociated. Non-enucleated and enucleated, activated oocytes were fused with EC cells and either cultured in vitro or transferred into ligated oviducts of Swiss/A females. The nucleocytoplasmic hybrids cultured in vitro up to 22 h were examined cytologically at various time intervals. EC nuclei showed morphological remodelling in the foreign cytoplasm. EC chromosomes and female pronuclear chromosomes together formed a common metaphase. The nucleocytoplasmic hybrids developed in vivo were analyzed cytologically between the first and third day after oviduct transfer. The majority of embryos developed abnormally and, in a few instances, they had passed several cleavage divisions and reached, at best, a developmental stage resembling a premature morula. Fertilized, enucleated eggs were fused with EC cells or microinjected with EC nuclei. The resulting nucleocytoplasmic hybrids were either cultured in vitro or in vivo up to the fourth day. Enzyme tests were carried out on the nuclear transplant embryos, using electrophoretic variants of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) in order to distinguish between EC nuclei (GPI-A) and recipient eggs (GPI-B). The EC-specific GPI could be detected in about one third of the embryos analyzed and, in several instances, also together with the egg-specific GPI. Most of them were arrested during early cleavage divisions. Some embryos cleaved abnormally or mimicked normal embryogenesis. In a few instances, development resulted in embryos that resembled late preimplantation embryos.
Exponential companding technique for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems (2005)

In this paper, a new nonlinear companding technique, called "exponential companding", is proposed to reduce the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) signals. Unlike the /spl mu/-law companding scheme, which enlarges only small signals so that increases the average power, the schemes based on exponential companding technique adjust both large and small signals and can keep the average power at the same level. By transforming the original OFDM signals into uniformly distributed signals (with a specific degree), the exponential companding schemes can effectively reduce PAPR for different modulation formats and sub-carrier sizes. Moreover, many PAPR reduction schemes, such as /spl mu/-law companding scheme, cause spectrum side-lobes generation, but the exponential companding schemes cause less spectrum side-lobes. Computer simulations, which consider a baseband OFDM system with Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channels and a Solid State Power Amplifier (SSPA), show that the proposed exponential companding schemes can offer better PAPR reduction, Bit Error Rate (BER), and phase error performance than the /spl mu/-law companding scheme.
An economical binary tree structure for vector quantization (1991)

The authors present a new way to organize the codebook for vector quantization of speech. The new structure can reduce the storage requirement almost by half without any increase in the computational cost. The key is to store only the final code vectors in a tree structure. To facilitate the search at each node, one stores the indices that point to the code vectors that lie nearest to the other branches instead of the centroids of branches. The performance of the new method is compared with that of the conventional method. The new method offers a better compromise for applications that have limited computational resources and storage room and have less stringent distortion rate requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Decreased Levels of Anti-Aging Klotho in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2019)

The klotho protein is secreted primarily by the kidneys. It is responsible for phosphate homeostasis and has an anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress role. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an enhanced systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, but mechanisms that regulate these processes are poorly understood. The aim of the study was to investigate the plasma levels of klotho in OSA. Twenty-one previously untreated patients with OSA (56 ± 13 years, 12 males) and 41 non-OSA control volunteers (48 ± 16 years, 8 males) participated in the study. Medical history has been taken; participants filled out the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. C-reactive protein and renal function, glucose and lipid profile measurements were performed in sera; klotho was determined in citrate-treated plasma samples. Levels of plasma klotho were decreased in OSA (519.1 ± 164.9 pg/mL) versus controls (700.8 ± 431.4 pg/mL, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Reduced klotho concentrations were associated with markers of overnight hypoxemia determined with O<sub>2</sub> desaturation index (<i>r</i> = -0.31, <i>p</i> = 0.01), percentage of sleep time spent with saturation <90% (<i>r</i> = -0.41, <i>p</i> < 0.01), and minimal saturation during sleep (<i>r</i> = 0.33, <i>p</i> = 0.01). Interestingly, there was no relationship with apnea-hypopnea index, total sleep time, or arousal index (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Significant association was also found between low plasma klotho levels and the presence of hypertension (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Our results suggest that chronic intermittent hypoxia reduces the levels of klotho in OSA, which may contribute to the development of hypertension. Decreased klotho levels may play a role in enhanced systemic inflammation in OSA and may be a future target for drug development.
Absence of backscattering in the quantum Hall effect in multiprobe conductors (1988)

Under certain conditions, high magnetic fields in a two-dimensional conductor lead to a suppression of both elastic and inelastic backscattering. This, together with the formation of edge states, is used to develop a picture of the integer quantum Hall effect in open multiprobe conductors. We consider both ideal contacts without elastic scattering and also disordered contacts. Ideal contacts populate edge states equally whereas disordered contacts lead to an initial nonequilibrium population of the edge states. In Hall samples much larger than an inelastic length, and in the presence of disordered contacts, the sample edges become equipotential lines only an inelastic scattering length away from the current source and current drain contacts. Samples so small that the carriers can travel from one contact to the other without inelastic relaxation do not exhibit exact quantization if the contacts are disordered. In all cases we find that the quantum Hall effect occurs only if the sample exhibits at least two sets of equilibrated edge states which do not interact via elastic or inelastic scattering. The onset of interaction between the two sets of edge states leads to deviations from exact quantization and eventually to a breakdown of the quantum Hall effect.
Empirical Analysis of Impact of HTTP Referer on Malicious Website Behaviour and Delivery (2016)

Referer is a HTTP header field transmitted to a webserver, which allows the webserver to identify the origin of the request and the path taken by the visiting user to reach the final resource. Although referer is an optional field within an HTTP protocol header, many webservers use the information for logging, marketing and analytical purposes. Referer has, however, been abused in web spam cloaking and search engine optimization (SEO) attacks. The latter increases a malicious website's ranking in a search engine result with the aims of delivering spam to unwitting users. In this paper, we undertake a quantitative study to determine the effects of referer information on delivery of malicious content (excluding spam) and whether different referer values, mimicking an average user will yield dissimilar results in terms of the number and type of attacks. Our study of 500,000 suspicious websites confirms that similar to web spam, referer information is a HTTP header variable used by malicious websites to distinguish regular users from automated crawlers and security tools, and is abused to deliver malicious content accordingly.
Design of metal ceramic composites (2006)

Abstract The reinforcement of light metal alloys with ceramic preforms offers a wide range of possibilities to improve mechanical and thermal properties and makes them usable for technical application. Starting with the Lokasil ® composite material, different metal ceramic materials were created under serial-like conditions with the aim of improving the tensile strength, the bending strength, the thermal expansion, the damage tolerance, and the tribological properties.
Modulation of Cell Adhesion and Migration by the Histone Methyltransferase Subunit mDpy-30 and Its Interacting Proteins (2010)

We have previously shown that a subset of mDpy-30, an accessory subunit of the nuclear histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferase (H3K4MT) complex, also localizes at the trans-Golgi network (TGN), where its recruitment is mediated by the TGN-localized ARF guanine nucleotide exchange factor (ArfGEF) BIG1. Depletion of mDpy-30 inhibits the endosome-to-TGN transport of internalized CIMPR receptors and concurrently promotes their accumulation at the cell protrusion. These observations suggest mDpy-30 may play a novel role at the crossroads of endosomal trafficking, nuclear transcription and adhesion/migration. Here we provide novel mechanistic and functional insight into this association. First, we demonstrate a direct interaction between mDpy-30 and BIG1 and locate the binding region in the N-terminus of BIG1. Second, we provide evidence that the depletion or overexpression of mDpy-30 enhances or inhibits cellular adhesion/migration of glioma cells in vitro, respectively. A similar increase in cell adhesion/migration is observed in cells with reduced levels of BIG1 or other H3K4MT subunits. Third, knockdown of mDpy-30, BIG1, or the RbBP5 H3K4MT subunit increases the targeting of beta1 integrin to cell protrusions, and suppression of H3K4MT activity by depleting mDpy-30 or RbBP5 leads to increased protein and mRNA levels of beta1 integrin. Moreover, stimulation of cell adhesion/migration via mDpy-30 knockdown is abolished after treating cells with a function-blocking antibody to beta1 integrin. Taken together, these data indicate that mDpy-30 and its interacting proteins function as a novel class of cellular adhesion/migration modulators partially by affecting the subcellular distribution of endosomal compartments as well as the expression of key adhesion/migration proteins such as beta1 integrin.