gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hall–Petch behaviour of 316L austenitic stainless steel at room temperature (2002)

AbstractThe room temperature plastic deformation behaviour of two different batches (with differences in chemical composition) of 316L austenitic stainless steel has been studied. By thermomechanical treatments, a wide range of grain sizes varying from 2·7 to 64·0 νm was obtained in this study. The different microstructural parameters, such as grain size, distribution of grain size and shape, dihedral angle distribution, and grain aspect ratio were measured for annealed and deformed specimens of the two batches. The Hall–Petch behaviour of batch 1 showed two distinctly different linear regions, one in the fine grain size range (d≤6νm) and the other in the coarse grain size range (d6νm). The Hall–Petch parameter K H (ϵ) was significantly higher in the fine grain regime than coarse grain regime at all strains. Hardness measurements were also performed across the grain at different strain levels. The applicability of the Hall–Petch relationship was assessed in batch 1 and batch 2. It was observed that the Hall–Petch relationship was applicable in the coarse grain regime and Kocks composite relationship in the fine grain regime of batch 1. In batch 2 of 316L austenitic stainless steel, a single linear Hall–Petch relationship could describe the deformation behaviour over the entire range of grain size (from 2.9 to 46 νm) studied. The variation of the Hall–Petch and Kocks composite parameters with strain was discussed in terms of changes in the microstructural parameters.
Cross-architecture performance prediction (XAPP) using CPU code to predict GPU performance (2015)

GPUs have become prevalent and more general purpose, but GPU programming remains challenging and time consuming for the majority of programmers. In addition, it is not always clear which codes will benefit from getting ported to GPU. Therefore, having a tool to estimate GPU performance for a piece of code before writing a GPU implementation is highly desirable. To this end, we propose Cross-Architecture Performance Prediction (XAPP), a machine-learning based technique that uses only single-threaded CPU implementation to predict GPU performance.
Text Mining with R: A Tidy Approach (2017)

Much of the data available today is unstructured and text-heavy, making it challenging for analysts to apply their usual data wrangling and visualization tools. With this practical book, you'll explore text-mining techniques with tidytext, a package that authors Julia Silge and David Robinson developed using the tidy principles behind R packages like ggraph and dplyr. You'll learn how tidytext and other tidy tools in R can make text analysis easier and more effective. The authors demonstrate how treating text as data frames enables you to manipulate, summarize, and visualize characteristics of text. You'll also learn how to integrate natural language processing (NLP) into effective workflows. Practical code examples and data explorations will help you generate real insights from literature, news, and social media. Learn how to apply the tidy text format to NLP Use sentiment analysis to mine the emotional content of text Identify a document's most important terms with frequency measurements Explore relationships and connections between words with the ggraph and widyr packages Convert back and forth between R's tidy and non-tidy text formats Use topic modeling to classify document collections into natural groups Examine case studies that compare Twitter archives, dig into NASA metadata, and analyze thousands of Usenet messages
An Unexpected Switch in the Modulation of AI-2-Based Quorum Sensing Discovered through Synthetic 4,5-Dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione Analogues (2008)

Quorum sensing (QS) has traditionally referred to a mechanism of communication within a species of bacteria. However, emerging research implicates QS in interspecies communication and competition, and such systems have been proposed in a wide variety of bacteria. The AI-2-based QS system represents the most studied of these proposed interspecies systems, and has been proposed to regulate diverse functions such as bioluminescence, expression of virulence factors, and biofilm formation. As such, the development of modulatory compounds, both agonists and antagonists, is of great interest for the treatment of bacterial infections and the study of unknown AI-2-based QS systems. Toward this end, we have designed and synthesized a panel of 4,5-dihydroxy-2,3-pentanedione/AI-2 analogues and evaluated their effects on the AI-2 QS of various bacteria. The panel of compounds exhibited differential effects in the bacterial cell lines examined, providing a platform for the development of broad-spectrum modulators of AI-2-based QS.
Limitation of triangles overlapping in mesh-based motion estimation using augmented Lagrangian (2002)

We present a method for avoiding triangles overlapping in mesh-based motion estimation using an augmented Lagrangian function. The use of the motion estimation scheme based on a non-uniform hierarchical triangular mesh and the optimization of the nodal motion vectors by means of a multi-resolution differential method leads to efficient and fast motion estimation as well as motion field refinement. However, when high motion has to be estimated, the surface mesh can contain some non-justified triangles overlapping and the estimated image is thus deteriorated. To avoid this situation, an augmented Lagrangian function is added to the prediction error. To illustrate the new performance of the developed method, results comparing this method with the classical one concerning the motion mesh and the estimated image are presented.
Incarceration and Racial Inequality in Men's Employment (2000)

To estimate employment-population ratios for black and white men with an adjustment for incarceration - a factor overlooked by most research on employment inequality - the authors combine data from surveys of prisons and jails with data from the Current Population Survey. This adjustment significantly reduces estimated employment rates for African Americans, young workers, and young high school dropouts. The authors find that employment among young black male high school dropouts steadily declined between 1982 and 1996, despite periods of very low unemployment in the labor market as a whole. Standard labor force data, which include no incarceration data, understate black-white inequality in employment among young dropouts by about 45%.
Nanoscale Structure of Self-Assembling Hybrid Materials of Inorganic and Electronically Active Organic Phases (2008)

Hybrid materials with nanoscale structure that incorporates inorganic and organic phases with electronic properties offer potential in an extensive functional space that includes photovoltaics, light emission, and sensing. This work describes the nanoscale structure of model hybrid materials with phases of silica and electronically active bola-amphiphile assemblies containing either oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) or oligo(thiophene) segments. The hybrid materials studied here were synthesized by evaporation-induced self-assembly and characterized by X-ray scattering techniques. Grazing-incidence X-ray scattering studies of these materials revealed the formation of two-dimensional hexagonally packed cylindrical micelles of the organic molecules with diameters between 3.1 and 3.6 nm and cylindrical axes parallel to the surface. During the self-assembly process at low pH, the cylindrical aggregates of conjugated molecules become surrounded by silica giving rise to a hybrid structure with long-range order. Specular X-ray reflectivity confirmed the long-range periodicity of the hybrid films within a specific range of molar ratios of tetraethyl orthosilicate to cationic amphiphile. We did not observe any long-range ordering in fully organic analogues unless quaternary ammonium groups were replaced by tertiary amines. These observations suggest that charge screening in these biscationic conjugated molecules by the mineral phase is a key factor in the evolution of long range order in the self-assembling hybrids.
Design of Fault Diagnosis Testing Centre for Electronic Control Engine (2007)

The engine test setting was the core of the fault diagnosis centre for electronic control engine. Its function included the display of engine running condition, independent setup of engine fault, diagnosis with instrument and diagnosis expert system. The engine synthesis analysis instrument can measure engine parameter, collect dynamic signal waveform at real time for on-line diagnosis. Automobile diagnosis computer has function of fault code and stream readout, system test, action test. By its four channels oscillograph function, all kinds of signal waveform can be collected at real time. Comparing it with standard waveform, fault cause reason was confirmed by pattern recognition method. Character of the electronic control engine was considered in diagnosis expert system. By utilizing self diagnosis and diagnosis tree method and waveform analysis method, fault orientation became more convenience.
The Quest for Ultimate Broadband High Power Microwaves (2014)

Paper describes High Power Microwave research of combining GW peak power to achieve MV/m and GV/m radiated fields in 1 to 500 GHz band. To achieve such fields multiple independently triggered broadband GW sources, supplying power to multiple spatially distributed broadband radiators/antennas are used. Single TW array is used as an ultimate microwave weapon in 1 to 5 GHz range while multiple TW arrays provide GV/m radiating field at plasma frequencies in 300 GHz range leading to fusion power.
Decreased circulation time offsets increased efficacy of PEGylated nanocarriers targeting folate receptors of glioma (2007)

Liposomal and other nanocarrier based drug delivery vehicles can localize to tumours through passive and/or active targeting. Passively targeted liposomal nanocarriers accumulate in tumours via 'leaky' vasculature through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Passive accumulation depends upon the circulation time and the degree of tumour vessel 'leakiness'. After extravasation, actively targeted liposomal nanocarriers efficiently deliver their payload by receptor-mediated uptake. However, incorporation of targeting moieties can compromise circulation time in the blood due to recognition and clearance by the reticuloendothelial system, decreasing passive accumulation. Here, we compare the efficacy of passively targeted doxorubicin-loaded PEGylated liposomal nanocarriers to that of actively targeted liposomal nanocarriers in a rat 9L brain tumour model. Although folate receptor (FR)-targeted liposomal nanocarriers had significantly reduced blood circulation time compared to PEGylated liposomal nanocarriers; intratumoural drug concentrations both at 20 and 50 h after administration were equal for both treatments. Both treatments significantly increased tumour inoculated animal survival by 60–80% compared to non-treated controls, but no difference in survival was observed between FR-targeted and passively targeted nanocarriers. Therefore, alternate approaches allowing for active targeting without compromising circulation time may be important for fully realizing the benefits of receptor-mediated active targeting of gliomas.
Global land data sets for next‐generation biospheric monitoring (2004)

The Mauna Loa atmospheric CO 2 record initiated in 1957 was the first data set to show that the entire Earth was being affected by human activity C. D. Keeling relived the history and current trends of that CO 2 data set in a keynote address at a recent Earth observation meeting where next‐generation capabilities in global biospheric monitoring were unveiled. The second MODIS Vegetation Workshop held last August, was attended by 170 scientists from 27 states and 19 countries. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a visible/infrared optical sensor launched on both the Terra (December 1999) and the more recent Aqua (May 2002) platforms of the NASA Earth Observing System to provide daily global Earth observation at 250‐1000‐m spatial resolution. The MODIS Land Science Team since 1990 has developed algorithms analyzing the spectral data to produce biophysical variables over 110 million km 2 of vegetated land surface for global science (http.7/modis‐land.gsfc. nasa.gov/products/).
Microbial transformation of immunosuppressive compounds III. Glucosylation of immunomycin (FR 900520) and FK 506 byBacillus subtilis ATCC 55060 (1994)

The regiospecific glucosylation of FK 506 and immunomycin (FR 900520) at the 24-hydroxy position was performed using resting cells of Bacillus subtilis ATCC 55060. 24-Glucopyranosyl FK 506 and 24-glucopyranosyl immunomycin were isolated by methylene chloride extraction and purification using reverse phase HPLC. The metabolite structures were established using spectroscopic techniques including MS and NMR. The glucose conjugate was further confirmed by chemical degradation. Enzymatic glucosylation was demonstrated using cell-free extracts derived from Bacillus subtilis ATCC 55060. The 24-glucosyltransferase, which appears UDP-glucose dependent, was solubilized from cell membranes by treatment with 0.1% Nonidet P-40 detergent. The optimal conditions for assay of the enzyme have been determined.
Fiber Optic Method for Buried Pipelines Health Assessment after Earthquake-Induced Ground Movement (2011)

Real-time, automatic or on-demand assessment of damage to pipelines after the earthquake is essential for early emergency response, efficient preparation of rescue plans, and mitigation of the disastrous consequences. This paper presents a method for buried pipelines health assessment based on distributed fiber optic sensors, which are sensitive to strain at every point along their lengths. For the method validation purposes a thirteen-meter long real-size concrete pipeline was tested. The sensors were both installed onto the pipeline and embedded in the soil, in proximity of the pipeline. Earthquake induced ground movement was simulated by an imposed displacement of the movable part of the basin and it induced the damage to the pipeline by crushing the joints between the pipe segments. The sensor installed on the pipe successfully detected and localized the damage at the joints. The sensor installed in the soil detected and localized the ground movement. The results of the test validated general principles of the method.
Two‐Quantum Photoprocesses in DNA and RNA Biopolymers UnderPowerful Picosecond Laser UV Irradiation (1984)

Two‐quantum photoreactions taking place under picosecond laser UV irradiation of DNA and RNA biopolymers were investigated. Despite of qualitative difference in two‐step photoprocesses concerned (single‐strand breaks formation in plasmid pBR 322 DNA, induction of breaks in TMV RNA sugar‐phosphate chain, cross‐links formation in DNA of C D phage) similar dependences of the quantum yield of the effects studied on the irradiation intensity can be observed with saturation in the region of 3 · 10 11 −3 · 10 12 W/m 2 . The saturation intensity is one or two orders lower than in the case of irradiation of single monomers ‐ nucleic acid bases.
Shape-adaptive region partitioning method for shape-assisted block-based texture coding (1997)

In the content-based image coding scheme, segmentation information of the arbitrarily shaped regions may be available for both encoder and decoder. The shape-assisted block-based texture coding methodologies, such as shape-adaptive discrete cosine transform (SADCT), can use this segmentation information to improve the coding efficiency. We introduce the shape-adaptive region partitioning (SARP) methods which can reduce the number of coding blocks that partition the arbitrarily shaped region by modifying the block positions. By simply adding the SARP method to aid the SADCT, the coded texture bits can be reduced by 5-10%, in comparison with the SADCT using a common block-based coding infrastructure which is usual for MPEG-1/2 and H.263.
Real-Time Monitoring of Suprachoroidal Space (SCS) Following SCS Injection Using Ultra-High Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in Guinea Pig Eyes (2015)

The SCS is expandable and can recover to preinjection status after injected fluid is cleared by physiological processes. The injection-induced SCS expansion is volume-dependent, and the drug/dye retained in the SCS is formulation-dependent. The current injection technique with a volume of 20 μL or less is well tolerated in guinea pig eyes.
Composite photoanodes for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting (2010)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is an attractive approach to capturing and storing the earth's abundant solar energy influx. The challenging four-electron water-oxidation half-cell reaction has hindered this technology, giving rise to slow water oxidation kinetics at the photoanode surfaces relative to competitive loss processes. In this perspective, we review recent efforts to improve PEC efficiencies by modification of semiconductor photoanode surfaces with water-oxidation catalysts that can operate at low overpotentials. This approach allows separation of the tasks of photon absorption, charge separation, and surface catalysis, allowing each to be optimized independently. In particular, composite photoanodes marrying nanocrystalline and molecular/non-crystalline components provide flexibility in adjusting the properties of each component, but raise new challenges in interfacial chemistries.
Adaptive scheduling: overload scheduling for mission critical systems (2003)

Mission critical systems are expected to perform a subset of critical functions under fault conditions. The occurrence of faults can result in shared resources, such as processors or networks, being overloaded. The goal of this effort is to provide a benefit based scheduling approach that facilitates operations under overload conditions. A key feature of this approach is the ability to detect the occurrence of faults prior to an overload by leveraging unused capacity. A benefit based scheduler that considers importance, system state, and timeliness is used to order processing once faults have been detected. This approach can be easily fitted to classical deadline based scheduling policies, such as rate monotonic or earliest deadline first, and causes no significant increase in algorithm complexity. Simulations show that the ability to order processing based on a benefit model offers considerable advantages over classical deadline based approaches during overload conditions.
<i>FLT3</i> mutations in acute myeloid leukemia: Therapeutic paradigm beyond inhibitor development (2019)

FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in hematopoietic cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. The most clinically important point is that mutation of the FLT3 gene is the most frequent genetic alteration and a poor prognostic factor in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. There are two major types of FLT3 mutations: internal tandem duplication mutations in the juxtamembrane domain (FLT3-ITD) and point mutations or deletion in the tyrosine kinase domain (FLT3-TKD). Both mutant FLT3 molecules are activated through ligand-independent dimerization and trans-phosphorylation. Mutant FLT3 induces the activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, mainly STAT5, MAPK and AKT signals, leading to cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. Because high-dose chemotherapy and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation cannot sufficiently improve the prognosis, clinical development of FLT3 kinase inhibitors expected. Although several FLT3 inhibitors have been developed, it takes more than 20 years from the first identification of FLT3 mutations until FLT3 inhibitors become clinically available for AML patients with FLT3 mutations. To date, three FLT3 inhibitors have been clinically approved as monotherapy or combination therapy with conventional chemotherapeutic agents in Japan and/or Europe and United states. However, several mechanisms of resistance to FLT3 inhibitors have already become apparent during their clinical trials. The resistance mechanisms are complex and emerging resistant clones are heterogenous. Further basic and clinical studies are required to establish the best therapeutic strategy for AML patients with FLT3 mutations.
The DMAP‐Catalyzed Acetylation of Alcohols—A Mechanistic Study (DMAP=4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine) (2005)

The acetylation of tert-butanol with acetic anhydride catalyzed by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) has been studied at the Becke3 LYP/6-311 + G(d,p)//Becke3 LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Solvent effects have been estimated through single-point calculations with the PCM/UAHF solvation model. The energetically most favorable pathway proceeds through nucleophilic attack of DMAP at the anhydride carbonyl group and subsequent formation of the corresponding acetylpyridinium/acetate ion pair. Reaction of this ion pair with the alcohol substrate yields the final product, tert-butylacetate. The competing base-catalyzed reaction pathway can either proceed in a concerted or in a stepwise manner. In both cases the reaction barrier far exceeds that of the nucleophilic catalysis mechanism. The reaction mechanism has also been studied experimentally in dichloromethane through analysis of the reaction kinetics for the acetylation of cyclohexanol with acetic anhydride, in the presence of DMAP as catalyst and triethylamine as the auxiliary base. The reaction is found to be first-order with respect to acetic anhydride, cyclohexanol, and DMAP, and zero-order with respect to triethyl amine. Both the theoretical as well as the experimental studies strongly support the nucleophilic catalysis pathway.
Predicting Insertion Loss of Common-Core Powerline Filters (1979)

Knowledge of the propagation mode and the source impedance is necessary in order to predict the insertion loss of common-core powerline filters. If these quantities are standardized, the transition-band insertion loss corresponding to two test modes can be accurately calculated by use of only a programmable hand calculator, such as the Hewlett-Packard HP65 or Texas Instruments SR56. Such predictions of differential and common-mode insertion loss are of value in designing electronic equipment for conformance to world-wide specifications applying to powerline interference emission and filter leakage current.
Selective deprotection strategies to N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)-beta-amino esters and derived beta lactams (1998)

A variety of N,N-diprotected β-amino esters, prepared by highly diastereoselective conjugate addition of chiral lithium amides, were selectively mono-deprotected under either reductive (hydrogenolysis) or oxidative (DDQ or CAN) conditions. Combined with these deprotection methods, lithium (α-methylbenzyl)(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl) amide 2 can be used as an efficient differentially protected chiral ammonia equivalent for the asymmetric synthesis of β-amino acid and β-lactam derivatives.