gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seasonal changes in the relative abundance of uncultivated sulfate-reducing bacteria in a salt marsh sediment and in the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora (1997)

Phylogenetic diversity and community composition of sulfate-reducing bacteria in a salt marsh sediment and in the rhizosphere of Spartina alterniflora were investigated. Uncultivated Desulfobacteriaceae family-related phylotypes were studied by selectively amplifying 16S rRNA gene fragments from DNA extracted from salt marsh rhizosphere samples. Two novel phylotypes were retrieved from rhizosphere samples, with A01 having 89.1% sequence similarity with Desulfococcus multivorans and 4D19 having 96.3% sequence similarity with Desulfosarcina variabilis. Additionally, six sequences that were extremely closely related to Desulfococcus multivorans (99% sequence similarity) were found. Reference RNAs containing sequences identical to corresponding cloned regions of A01 or 4D19 16S rRNA were synthesized via in vitro transcription and were used in subsequent quantitative membrane hybridization experiments. Oligonucleotide probes A01-183 and 4D19-189 were designed to specifically target these two novel phylotypes and were tested for target specificity against synthesized RNA and reference RNAs extracted from pure cultures. The newly designed probes were then used, together with eubacterial probes, to determine the relative abundances of the novel phylotypes in the salt marsh sediment and the rhizosphere. Mean relative abundances of A01-183 and 4D19-189 targets were 7.5 and 3.4%, respectively, suggesting that the target organisms of A01-183 and, to a lesser extent, of 4D19-189 play an important role in the salt marsh sediment and the Spartina rhizosphere. A seasonal trend of increased A01 relative abundance during the period of vegetative plant growth was evident, suggesting a close interaction between A01 and S. alterniflora.
WORKING EXPERIENCE WITH A NEW VACUUM-ACCELERATED MICROWAVE HISTOPROCESSOR (1996)

Methods of microwave and vacuum-accelerated fixation, dehydration, and paraffin embedding are described, using a new type of vacuum and temperature stabilizable microwave histoprocessor: MFX-800. The whole histoprocessing cycle lasts 3.5-5.5 h, depending on the thickness of the tissue blocks. Well-preserved structural detail, intense staining, and good antigen preservation were achieved with various tissues. This new histoprocessing facility is recommended for routine pathology laboratories in speeding up their processing procedures.
Flame retardancy of nanocomposites based on organoclays and carbon nanotubes with aluminium trihydrate (2006)

Abstract The addition of aluminium trihydrate as a microfiller to organoclays or carbon nanotubes is essential to generate nanocomposites with sufficient flame retardant properties as requested by the industry. Cables using the combination of organoclays or carbon nanotubes and aluminium trihydrate demonstrate the applications of these nanocomposites as a new concept for flame retardancy. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Doppler Properties of Polyphase Pulse Compression Codes under Different Side-lobe Reduction Techniques (2002)

Polyphase codes derived from linear-frequency-modulation, such as P3 ,P4 codes , are a common class of pulse compression waveforms. Several side-lobe reduction techniques have been proposed which can be used for those codes.This paper shows and compares the Doppler response performances of P3, P4 codes when several different side-lobe reduction techniques are employed, including the output peak side-lobe level(PSL) and the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR) loss. Some simulation results are shown.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of pyridylthio, pyridylsulfinyl, and pyridylsulfonyl methyl acrylates. (1989)

Nineteen 2-pyridylthio (2), 2-pyridylsulfinyl (3) or 2-pyridylsulfonyl (4) derivatives of (Z)-methyl acrylate were synthesized in order to investigate the effect of the oxidation state of the sulfur atom, and the position and nature of pyridyl substituents on cytotoxic activity. Analogous sulfinyl and sulphonyl derivatives were equipotent, and more potent than analogous thio derivatives, in an vitro L1210 screen. In most cases, incorporation of nuclear trifluoromethyl and chloro substituents at various positions of the pyridyl ring of the sulfinyl derivatives (compounds 3b-3h) decreased activity relative to the unsubstituted sulfinyl 3a (ED50 0.43 micrograms/ml). Compounds 3b, 3d and 3i exhibited weak antineoplastic activity in an in vivo P388 screen at a dose of 5 mg/kg.
Identification of<i>Mycobacterium</i><i>t</i><i>uberculosis</i>H37Rv Integral Membrane Proteins by One-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis and Liquid Chromatography Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Because many membrane-associated proteins represent potential drug targets, diagnostic probes, and components of vaccines, we have chosen to study the membrane proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. To remove cytosolic proteins and facilitate access to the integral membrane proteins, membrane fractions of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were intensely washed with 5 M urea and high pH carbonate solution. One-dimensional SDS-PAGE, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and nanoLC electrospray ionization MS/MS, proved to be the most efficient way to identify the proteins contained within the membrane fraction. Here we report 349 protein identifications in total, validated by at least two tryptic peptide matches and MOWSE scores greater than 75. Of those 349 proteins, 100 are integral membrane proteins with at least one predicted transmembrane alpha helix (excluding the possible signal sequence). 84 M. tuberculosis H37Rv proteins, including 42 integral membrane proteins, are described for the first time.
Identification of a cDNA Clone Coding for a Novel Calcium-Binding Protein from Potato Tuber (1993)

Calcium acts as a second messenger in many higher plant cellular activities including cell elongation, cell division, protoplasmic streaming, and enzyme secretion (Marme, 1988). Many of the effects of Ca2+ are mediated by CaBPs that undergo conformational activation upon association with one to four Ca2+ ions. Structural analyses of parvalbumin and other CaBPs (Kretsinger and Nockolds, 1973; Babu et al., 1985; Herzberg and James, 1985) defined a Ca2+-binding domain consisting of a loop of 12 residues flanked on each side by a 12-residue a-helix. CaBPs are known to possess one or more copies of this conserved EF-hand domain (Kressinger, 1976). Calmodulin is the most ubiquitous and highly conserved CaBP (Anderson et al., 1980; Watterson et al., 1980), whereas others, including troponin C (muscle), calcineurin (brain), and parvalbumin (muscle), transduce Ca2+ signals in a tissueand species-specific manner. Sequence homology between them is largely restricted to the calcium-binding domains. Plants may possess a unique set of CaBPs, considering the distinctness of their biochemistry and physiology. For example, Kajiwara et al. (1990) identified and partially sequenced a rice leaf CaBP with some limited homology to parvalbumin. We report the isolation of a 865-bp cDNA clone from a potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber cDNA library that codes for a nove1 22.5-kD CaBP designated CAST (Table I, Fig. 1). The predicted coding sequence is 199 amino acid residues and possesses 34% sequence identity with potato calmodulin. Homology also exists with troponin C and various related CaBPs, including caltractin, myosin light chain, CDC31, calcineurin B subunit, and calbindin. The COOH-terminal half of CAST (residues 128-199) exhibits greatest sequence homology to the CaBP family, including a putative Ca*+-binding (EF-hand) domain (Fig. 1). A second EF-hand domain may exist in the region encompassing residues 178 to 188. Secondary structure predictions of CAST, based on the parameters of Novotnq and Auffray (1984) for a-helix, @-sheet, and @-turn propensity, indicate that CAST may possess conformational similarities to calmodulin. The function of CAST is unknown; however, this sequence
Condenser Microphones with Plastic Diaphragms for Airborne Ultrasonics, II (1960)

A detailed study is made on the condenser microphones with back plates named `group IA' in Part I of the present paper. For each back plate, the surface roughness is studied by using profilograms and the distribution function of the surface profile is obtained. Formulae for the resonance frequency, the electrostatic capacitance and the low frequency sensitivity are obtained theoretically assuming a simple model microphone with a back plate having a profile represented by the above distribution function. The formulae are found to be in fairly good agreement with the experiments.
Functional Conservation of the Polysaccharide Biosynthetic Protein WbpM and Its Homologues in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> and Other Medically Significant Bacteria (2000)

WbpM is a highly conserved protein involved in synthesis of the O antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Homologues of this protein have been identified in a large number of bacteria, and they can be divided into two subfamilies: subfamily 1, including WbpM, contains large proteins ( approximately 600 amino acids), while subfamily 2, typified by HP0840 (FlaA1) of Helicobacter pylori, contains smaller proteins ( approximately 350 amino acids) homologous to the C termini of proteins in subfamily 1. Analysis of knockout mutants of wbpM in P. aeruginosa serotypes O3, O10, O15, and O17 showed that although all 20 serotypes of P. aeruginosa possess wbpM, it is not universally required for O-antigen biosynthesis. Homologous genes from Bordetella pertussis (wlbL), Staphylococcus aureus (cap8D), and H. pylori (flaA1) complemented a P. aeruginosa O5 wbpM mutant to various degrees. These conserved proteins may represent interesting targets for the design of inhibitors of bacterial exopolysaccharide biosynthesis.
A Tip-Tilt-Piston Micromirror With an Elastomeric Universal Joint Fabricated via Micromasonry (2015)

A hybrid tip-tilt-piston micromirror driven by electrostatic actuation is presented in this letter. The micromirror involves a highly doped silicon mirror and a conductive elastomeric universal joint, which are mechanically bonded and electrically interconnected. This device takes advantage of two distinct materials to achieve a high-quality reflective surface using single-crystal silicon and a highly flexible universal joint using an elastomer. To realize this hybrid system, micromasonry techniques are employed such that silicon and elastomer parts are fabricated separately and integrated afterward. The static and dynamic behaviors of the micromirror are characterized, indicating identical response about its two orthogonal scanning axes. Furthermore, the piston stroke by the compressive deformation of the elastomeric joint along z-axis is investigated.
Implementation and evaluation of a swarming sensor network for intrusion detection (2009)

The 2008 paper entitled ¿Prototype Design and Experimental Results for an Intruder Detection Swarming Network¿ describes the design of an intruder detection and tracking sensor network that exhibits swarming behavior. This initial work investigated the viability of using simple tones for signaling and combining tones from multiple nodes. In this paper we present the architectural details of our implementation of the prototype using MICAz motes with acoustic sensors. We use the prototype to demonstrate the swarming behavior of a field of motes in a realistic physical environment. We explore the effect of various sensing parameters and network configurations. Our prototype validates the swarming sensor network concept applied to intrusion detection.
Graphene/Sulfur Hybrid Nanosheets from a Space‐Confined “Sauna” Reaction for High‐Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2015)

A space-confined "sauna" reaction system is introduced for the simultaneous reduction and functionalization of graphene oxide to unique graphene-sulfur hybrid nanosheets, in which thin layers of amorphous sulfur are tightly anchored on the graphene sheet via strong chemical bonding. Upon being used as the cathode material in lithium-sulfur batteries, the as-synthesized composite shows an excellent electrochemical performance.
DECOMPOS : An integrated system for functional decomposition (1998)

This paper presents a system for disjoint decompositions of logic functions with many inputs. It is a combination of three different methods: 1) Disjoint decompositions with a few bound set variables; 2) Disjoint bi-decompositions; and 3) Decompositions using Jacobian. 1) and 2) are quick, but find only limited classes of decompositions, while 3) finds all disjoint decompositions by spending more time. Weshow the results of decompositions for more than four thousand functions. We also define a new class of functions: Completely bi-decomposable functions. Experimental results show that many practical logic functions have disjoint decompositions and some are completely bi-decomposable functions. I Introduction In general, an n-variable function f requires about 2 n =n gates [23]. Suppose that the function f can be decomposed into twonetworks as shown in Fig. 1.1. Let the numbers of inputs for the network H and G be n 1 and n 2 + 1, respectively, where n 1 + n 2 = n. Then, H and ...
Reverse graded relaxed buffers for high Ge content SiGe virtual substrates (2008)

An innovative approach is proposed for epitaxial growth of high Ge content, relaxed Si1−xGex buffer layers on a Si(001) substrate. The advantages of the technique are demonstrated by growing such structures via chemical vapor deposition and their characterization. Relaxed Ge is first grown on the substrate followed by the reverse grading approach to reach a final buffer composition of 0.78. The optimized buffer structure is only 2.8μm thick and demonstrates a low surface threading dislocation density of 4×106cm−2, with a surface roughness of 2.6nm. The buffers demonstrate a relaxation of up to 107%.
Fluoroscopic Tomography (1974)

A fluoroscopic tomography system capable of synthesizing body sections at a number of levels within the body has been developed. The synthesized body sections may lie either in a range of planes parallel to, tilted with respect to, skewed with respect to, or both tilted and skewed with respect to the plane of motion of the x-ray tube target. In addition, body sections can be presented which are contoured to the patient's anatomy. That is they may even encompass such complex surfaces as a quadratic hyperplane. In addition, tomograms of organs in motion can be imaged.
Temporal self-regulation of transposition through host-independent transposase rodlet formation (2016)

Transposons are highly abundant in eukaryotic genomes, but their mobilization must be finely tuned to maintain host organism fitness and allow for transposon propagation. Forty percent of the human genome is comprised of transposable element sequences, and the most abundant cut-and-paste transposons are from the hAT superfamily. We found that the hAT transposase TcBuster from Tribolium castaneum formed filamentous structures, or rodlets, in human tissue culture cells, after gene transfer to adult mice, and ex vivo in cell-free conditions, indicating that host co-factors or cellular structures were not required for rodlet formation. Time-lapsed imaging of GFP-laced rodlets in human cells revealed that they formed quickly in a dynamic process involving fusion and fission. We delayed the availability of the transposon DNA and found that transposition declined after transposase concentrations became high enough for visible transposase rodlets to appear. In combination with earlier findings for maize Ac elements, these results give insight into transposase overproduction inhibition by demonstrating that the appearance of transposase protein structures and the end of active transposition are simultaneous, an effect with implications for genetic engineering and horizontal gene transfer.
Multiple Subcarrier Indoor Geolocation System In Mimo-Ofdm Wlan Aps Structure (2009)

This report aims to utilize existing and future Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing Wireless Local Area Network (MIMO-OFDM WLAN) systems characteristics–such as multiple subcarriers, multiple antennas, and channel estimation characteristics–for indoor location estimation systems based on the Direction of Arrival (DOA) and Radio Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) methods. Hybrid of DOA-RSSI methods also evaluated. In the experimental data result, we show that location estimation accuracy performances can be increased by minimizing the multipath fading effect. This is done using multiple subcarrier frequencies over wideband frequencies to estimate one location. The proposed methods are analyzed in both a wide indoor environment and a typical room-sized office. In the experiments, WLAN terminal locations are estimated by measuring multiple subcarriers from arrays of three dipole antennas of access points (AP). This research demonstrates highly accurate, robust and hardware-free add-on software for indoor location estimations based on a MIMO-OFDM WLAN system.
Wireless Condition Monitoring for Industrial Applications based on Radio Sensor Nodes with Energy Harvesting (2014)

Abstract — Wireless sensor nodes can detect component wear and tear just in time. Such sensor networks can allow for waiting to overhaul delay the overhauling of machines until it is really absolutely necessary. This means that time-consuming and expensive downtime can be avoided. A sensor network for the condition monitoring of industrial machines has been developed in the publicly funded project ECoMoS. The implemented sensor nodes are able to predict machine failures until three months in advance.
Nickel and its alloys (1968)

This monograph reviews available information on the production, properties, and uses of high-purity and commercial forms of nickel, and on the properties and applications of its important alloys, both ferrous and nonferrous.
Synthesis and Evaluation of a Star Amphiphilic Block Copolymer from Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Poly(ethylene glycol) as a Potential Drug Delivery Carrier (2005)

A star polymer composed of amphiphilic block copolymer arms has been synthesized and characterized. The core of the star polymer is polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer, the inner block in the arm is lipophilic poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL), and the outer block in the arm is hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The star-PCL polymer was synthesized first by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone with a PAMAM-OH dendrimer as initiator. The PEG polymer was then attached to the PCL terminus by an ester-forming reaction. Characterization with SEC, (1)H NMR, FTIR, TGA, and DSC confirmed the star structure of the polymers. The micelle formation of the star copolymer (star-PCL-PEG) was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. Hydrophobic dyes and drugs can be encapsulated in the micelles. A loading capacity of up to 22% (w/w) was achieved with etoposide, a hydrophobic anticancer drug. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that the star-PCL-PEG copolymer is nontoxic in cell culture. This type of block copolymer can be used as a drug delivery carrier.
Synthesis and Properties of Novel Fluorotelechelic Macrodiols Containing Vinylidene Fluoride, Hexafluoropropene and Chlorotrifluoroethylene (2002)

The dead-end radical copolymerization of 1,1-difluoroethylene (or vinylidene fluoride, VDF or VF2) with hexafluoropropene (HFP) initiated by hydrogen peroxide for obtaining original fluorinated telechelic elastomers is presented. The influence of the process (solution or emulsion) and the nature and amounts of solvents were studied. Various initial [H2O2]i/[fluoroolefins]i molar ratios, ranging from 5 to 40%, were used, showing that the higher the hydrogen peroxide amount, the lower the molecular weights of the polymers obtained leading to fluorinated telechelics. Hence, low molecular weight copolymers, the of which ranged from 800 to 3200, were synthesized. A careful structural analysis of these fluorinated telechelics was performed and enabled one to determine the fluorinated base units of both alkenes in the copolymers. Interestingly, these liquid to oily products exhibited low glass transition temperatures (from −80 to −40 °C). The mechanism of the reaction was approached and showed that the hydroxyl radical generated from hydrogen peroxide reacted to the hydrogenated carbon atoms of VDF but also to the fluorinated carbons of VDF and HFP, yielding COOH end groups, and is discussed. The selective reduction of these carboxylic end groups was achieved in the presence of lithium aluminum hydride leading to fluorinated telechelic diols.
Studies on the organic fluorine compounds. XXIV. Photochemical trifluoromethylation of aromatic compounds. (1978)

Photochemical trifluoromethylation of pyridine gave a mixture of three (trifluoromethyl) pyridines. Pyrrole and N-methylpyrrole were trifluoromethylated in α-position. Benzene gave very low yield of benzotrifluoride.
Isolation of a flax (<i>Linum usitatissimum</i>) gene induced during susceptible infection by flax rust (<i>Melampsora lini</i>) (1995)

In a susceptible infection of flax (Linum usitatissimum), the obligate rust pathogen (Melampsora lini) can grow in the leaf without triggering the hypersensitive resistance response. The rust establishes specialized structures (haustoria) in plant mesophyll cells and induces changes in plant subcellular organization. Subtraction hybridization methods were used to isolate cDNA clones of mRNAs that have altered expression in infected leaves. Most of the cDNAs recovered were of fungal origin, but one clone, pFIS 1 (flax inducible sequence No. 1), recovered from several independent experiments, was a plant-specified mRNA that showed a 10-fold increase in steady-state levels during susceptible growth. The increase in fis 1 mRNA levels was not seen in the resistant reaction (hypersensitive reaction) and the predicted protein sequence (551 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 61 kDa) has no similarity to known pathogenesis-related proteins. Searches of sequence data bases showed that fis 1 encodes a protein which contains amino acid sequence motifs that are conserved in all previously characterized aldehyde dehydrogenases.
Novel Amyloid Fibrillar Networks Derived from a Globular Protein:  β-Lactoglobulin (2002)

Biology provides us with a unique set of self-assembled fibrillar networks in the form of amyloid fibrils, derived from the self-assembly of a number of peptides or misfolded proteins. These, in turn, are associated with a number of diseases such as Alzheimer's, Creutzfeldt−Jakob disease (CJD), and type II diabetes. Recently, generating such supramolecular peptidic structures in vitro has led to a class of novel materials. In this multidistance scale, multidisciplinary study, we highlight various regimes whereby fibrils may be engineered by initiating self-assembly through the unfolding of a non-disease- associated globular protein, β-lactoglobulin (Mw ∼ 18 000, 162 residues). In particular, fibrils were generated by traditional thermal methods at pH 2, or, in a novel approach, by incubation in solvent−water mixtures such as water−2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. These treatments lead to fibrils of distinct structure and morphology. Secondary structure analyses of these by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman vibrational spectroscopy confirm β-sheet-mediated aggregation which is especially surprising for solvent-mediated fibril formation where an expanded helical conformation is expected. The same systems have been studied with both atomic force (AFM) and electron (EM) microscopy. The systems form gels above certain critical concentrations, which have, in turn, been characterized by rheological measurements. Again contrasts between the heat-set and cold-set solvent-induced protein gels can be seen, the latter showing features reminiscent of gelatin gels.