gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The Japanese version of RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status)]. (2002)

In Japan, neuropsychological assessment of dementing illnesses has been done mainly using Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a revised version of Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R). However, because of a lack of appropriately designed test domains, early detection of senile dementia and/or cognitive impairment is hardly possible, even if using these batteries. This paper is to introduce a Japanese Version of RBANS (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) which was originally developed by Randolph and revised by us. The entire battery of Japanese Version RBANS took less than 30 minutes to administer, and yielded scaled scores for five cognitive domains such as immediate memory, visuospatial/constructional ability, language, attention, and delayed memory. On RBANS, abnormal cognitive decline in the older adult was much easily detected, being compared to MMSE and HDS-R: 52 normal volunteer subjects ranging from 24 to 80 years old showed a significant (p < 0.05 on t test) impairment of delayed and immediate memories due to ageing. The aged (60-79) subjects with average scores of MMSE and HDS-R being over 25, significantly showed impairment of both immediate memory (list and story learnings) and delayed memory (list, story and figure recalls). The present data suggest that the Japanese Version RBANS is useful for both detecting and characterizing early dementia, and should be widely utilized for a neuropsychological screening battery in the clinical practice throughout Japan.
Network Border Patrol: Preventing Congestion Collapse and Promoting Fairness in the Internet (2004)

The Internet's excellent scalability and robustness result in part from the end-to-end nature of Internet congestion control. End-to-end congestion control algorithms alone, however, are unable to prevent the congestion collapse and unfairness created by applications that are unresponsive to network congestion. To address these maladies, we propose and investigate a novel congestion-avoidance mechanism called network border patrol (NBP). NBP entails the exchange of feedback between routers at the borders of a network in order to detect and restrict unresponsive traffic flows before they enter the network, thereby preventing congestion within the network. Moreover, NBP is complemented with the proposed enhanced core-stateless fair queueing (ECSFQ) mechanism, which provides fair bandwidth allocations to competing flows. Both NBP and ECSFQ are compliant with the Internet philosophy of pushing complexity toward the edges of the network whenever possible. Simulation results show that NBP effectively eliminates congestion collapse and that, when combined with ECSFQ, approximately max-min fair bandwidth allocations can be achieved for competing flows.
An amino-terminal polypeptide fragment of the influenza virus NS1 protein possesses specific RNA-binding activity and largely helical backbone structure. (1995)

The NS1 protein of influenza A virus has the unique property of binding to three apparently different RNAs: poly A; a stem-bulge in U6 small nuclear RNA; and double-stranded RNA. One of our major goals is to determine how the NS1 protein recognizes and binds to its several RNA targets. As the first step for conducting structural studies, we have succeeded in identifying a fragment of the NS1 protein that possesses all the RNA-binding activities of the full-length protein. The RNA-binding fragment consists of the 73 amino-terminal amino acids of the protein. We have developed procedures for obtaining large amounts of the polypeptide in pure form. This has enabled us to establish the RNA-binding properties of this polypeptide and to demonstrate that it retains the ability to dimerize exhibited by the full-length protein. In addition, far-UV CD spectroscopy indicates that this RNA-binding polypeptide is largely (approximately 80%) helical, suggesting that the mode of dimerization of the NS1 protein and of its interaction with RNA is mediated, at least in part, by helices.
The phase transformation of CuInS2 from chalcopyrite to wurtzite (2015)

In the present work, CuInS2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized by water-bath method with deionized water as solvent and thioglycolic acid as complexing agent at 80°C. The phase transition of CuInS2 from chalcopyrite to wurtzite was realized by adjusting the pH value of reaction solution. The emergence of Cu2S in the condition of higher pH value of reaction solution led to the formation of wurtzite CuInS2. This facile method that controls the phase structure by adjusting the solution pH value could open a new way to synthesize other I-III-VI2 ternary semiconductor compounds.
VAV3 mediates resistance to breast cancer endocrine therapy (2014)

This study proposes VAV3 as a biomarker and a rationale for its use as a signaling target to prevent and/or overcome resistance to endocrine therapy in breast cancer.
High performance balanced type SAW filters in the range of 900 MHz and 1.9 GHz (2002)

This paper describes balanced SAW filters with low insertion loss and high stopband rejection, which are applicable to 900 MHz and 1.9 GHz range portable telephone. The longitudinal coupled type double mode SAW design is suitable for balanced filter design. The 42 degree Y-X LiTaO/sub 3/ substrate is chosen to get low insertion loss and high Q factor performances. The design and evaluation method are studied and the effect of phase difference between balanced terminal signals is shown. The new filter design makes it possible to convert input/output impedance in order to match to an IC impedance.
The mechanism of action of ribavirin: lethal mutagenesis of RNA virus genomes mediated by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (2001)

Ribavirin (1-β-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole) is a broad-spectrum antiviral nucleoside that is currently used in combination with interferon-α to treat hepatitis C virus infection and as a monotherapy to treat severe cases of respiratory syncytial virus infection and Lassa fever virus infection. The mechanism of action of ribavirin has been studied for decades. These studies have suggested that the antiviral activity of ribavirin may be related to its ability to cause a decrease in intracellular guanosine triphosphate pools, to inhibit capping of viral transcripts or to suppress humoral and cellular immune responses. Last year, another possibility was added to this list. The new proposition is that ribavirin, when converted to the triphosphate, is utilized by the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase and causes lethal mutagenesis of the viral genome. In this article, the data supporting this new hypothesis are reviewed. We discuss the implications of these data on alternative explanations for the apparent failure of ribavirin monotherapy in the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection, connections between developmental defects induced by ribavirin and posttranscriptional gene silencing/RNA interference, and the use of lethal mutagenesis and related concepts as strategies for antiviral therapy.
Linear Expansion and Contraction of Paired Pneumatic Baloon Bending Actuators Toward Telescopic Motion (2009)

This paper proposes a novel actuation mechanism for linear expansion and contraction, or telescopic motion by pneumatic balloon actuator (hereafter PBA). PBA is characterized by small, soft, and safe (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) features because of its soft and flexible structure and safe driving principle. A single PBA bends due to a tensile force generated by a swelling balloon. Bending motion of PBA is transformed into the telescopic motion by using a paired PBA. Two opposing PBAs are bonded at both ends so as to compose a paired PBA. The paired PBA transforms the bending motion into the telescopic motion. An elemental telescopic motion PBA composed of a paired PBA (2 mm times 11 mm times 400 mum) can generate 15 mN contraction force at 150 kPa. It is also possible to design serial or parallel connection of the telescopic motion PBA. This paper presents design, fabrication, and characterization of proposed telescopic motion PBA. Medical forceps is demonstrated as promising medical application of the telescopic motion PBA.
PANCREATIC PROTEASES AND INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS IN PERITONEAL FLUID DURING SPLANCHNIC ARTERIAL OCCLUSION AND REPERFUSION (2004)

Pancreatic enzymes in the ischemic intestine are involved in the production of in vivo inflammatory mediators. These mediators stimulate cells in the cardiovascular system during shock and initiate multiorgan failure. An important aspect that controls the extent of the inflammation is the dispersion of these mediators from the ischemic intestine. In the past, two pathways for dispersion of these inflammatory mediators have been identified, absorption into the intestinal venous circulation and uptake into the lymphatics. We hypothesize here that the inflammatory mediators produced by pancreatic digestive enzymes in the lumen of the intestine may also be released directly into the peritoneal space. To assess the presence of inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal cavity in response to splanchnic arterial occlusion (90 min) and reperfusion (SAO shock), we measured the ability of fluid collected from this cavity to activate naive donor granulocytes. After SAO in control rats, peritoneal lavage fluid caused activation of naive donor granulocytes when tested in vitro. In contrast, when the lumen of the small intestine was flushed with a broad-acting pancreatic enzyme inhibitor (6-amidino-2-naphtyl p-guanidinobenzoate dimethanesulfate), the fluid no longer caused leukocyte activation. Reduction of the levels of inflammatory mediators in the peritoneal fluid was associated with an attenuation in the fall of blood pressure after SAO shock. These results indicate that the inflammatory mediators, which are produced by pancreatic digestive enzymes, can be absorbed directly into the systemic circulation via a transperitoneal route and play a part in the development of multiorgan failure.
Using pen-based computers across the computer science curriculum (2004)

This paper describes our use of pen-based electronic classrooms to enhance several computer science courses. After presenting our motivation for undertaking this work, and its relevance to the growing interest in using tablet PC's in the classroom, we present an overview of our use of this technology to engage students during class. Finally, we present the students' reaction to the approach as measured through attitude surveys and a focus group.
Targeted expression of the E6 and E7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus type 16 in the epidermis of transgenic mice elicits generalized epidermal hyperplasia involving autocrine factors. (1994)

The E6 and E7 early genes of human papillomavirus type 16 have been shown in vitro to play a central role in the transforming capability of this virus. To explore their effects on differentiating epithelial cells in vivo, we used a bovine cytokeratin 10 (K10) promoter to target the expression of E6 and E7 to the suprabasal layers of the epidermis of transgenic mice. In two different lines of mice efficiently expressing the transgene, animals displayed generalized epidermal hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis and parakeratosis in the skin and the forestomach, both known to be sites of K10 expression. Northern (RNA) blot analysis revealed high levels of E6 and E7 transcripts, and in situ hybridizations localized these transcripts to the suprabasal strata of epidermis. In vivo labeling of proliferating cells showed two distinct effects of E6 and E7 expression in the epidermis: (i) an increase in the number of growing cells in the undifferentiated basal layer and (ii) abnormal proliferation of differentiated cells in the suprabasal strata. The expression of c-myc in the skin of transgenics was higher than that in control animals. The induction of c-myc transcription by topical application of tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate was prevented by simultaneous treatment with transforming growth factor beta 1 in nontransgenic skin but not in transgenic skin. In addition, transforming growth factor alpha was found to be overexpressed in the suprabasal layers of the transgenic epidermis. These findings suggest that autocrine mechanisms are involved in the development and maintenance of epidermal hyperplasia. Animals of both lines developed papillomas in skin sites exposed to mechanical irritation and wounding, suggesting that secondary events are necessary for progression to neoplasia. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the tumor promoter activities of human papillomavirus type 16 in epithelial cells in vivo.
Casting Stones: Ballista, Stones as Weapons, and Death by Stoning (1996)

Josephus reports that once the Romans had completed their great siege ramp on the west side of Masada, they brought up an enormous tower in wheels, over one hundred feet high (based on a twenty-inch cubit) and entirely encased in iron. From this tower, Roman artillery opened fire on those defending the walls, sending showers of stones and other missiles down on them and forcing them to retreat into the fortress. With this objective accomplished, a great battering ram began the assault on the walls, and the fall of Masada became imminent.
Acoustic beamforming using a novel correlation technique (1991)

The authors describe an alternative method of beamforming using a rotating array. It differs from the conventional phased array in that its elements are not fixed in position during operation. The array elements rotate in a circular path so that the phases of element outputs are position-dependent. The outputs of the elements, after phase steering if necessary, are correlated with each other to give the final array response. The virtue of this design is that good directional resolution can be achieved with a relatively small number of array elements thus reducing the cost of the array. The theoretical and experimental developments of the rotating array are presented in detail.
3D Facial Landmark Detection under Large Yaw and Expression Variations (2012)

A 3D landmark detection method for 3D facial scans is presented and thoroughly evaluated. The main contribution of the presented method is the automatic and pose-invariant detection of landmarks on 3D facial scans under large yaw variations (that often result in missing facial data), and its robustness against large facial expressions. Three-dimensional information is exploited by using 3D local shape descriptors to extract candidate landmark points. The shape descriptors include the shape index, a continuous map of principal curvature values of a 3D object's surface, and spin images, local descriptors of the object's 3D point distribution. The candidate landmarks are identified and labeled by matching them with a Facial Landmark Model (FLM) of facial anatomical landmarks. The presented method is extensively evaluated against a variety of 3D facial databases and achieves state-of-the-art accuracy (4.5-6.3 mm mean landmark localization error), considerably outperforming previous methods, even when tested with the most challenging data.
Uniform linear prediction of bandlimited processes from past samples (Corresp.) (1972)

For <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x(t)</tex> either a deterministic or stochastic signal band-limited to the normalized frequency interval <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mid\omega\mid \leq \pi</tex> , explicit coefficients <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{ a_{kn} \}</tex> are exhibited that have the property that \begin{equation} lim_{n \rightarrow \infty} \parallel x(t) - \sum_{1}^n a_{kn} x(t - kT) \parallel = 0 \end{equation} in an appropriate norm and for any constant intersample spacing <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> satisfying <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0 < T < \fac{1}{2}</tex> ; that is, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x(t)</tex> may be approximated arbitrarily well by a linear combination of past samples taken at any constant rate that exceeds twice the associated Nyquist rate. Moreover, the approximation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x(t)</tex> is uniform in the sense that the coefficients <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{ a_{kn} \}</tex> do not depend on the detailed structure of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x(t)</tex> but are absolute constants for any choice of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</tex> . The coefficients that are obtained provide a sharpening of a previous result by Wainstein and Zubakov where a rate in excess of three times the Nyquist rate was required.
Effects of MDMA on body temperature in humans (2014)

Hyperthermia is a severe complication associated with the recreational use of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, Ecstasy). In this review, the clinical laboratory studies that tested the effects of MDMA on body temperature are summarized. The mechanisms that underlie the hyperthermic effects of MDMA in humans and treatment of severe hyperthermia are presented. The data show that MDMA produces an acute and dose-dependent rise in core body temperature in healthy subjects. The increase in body temperature is in the range of 0.2-0.8°C and does not result in hyperpyrexia (>40°C) in a controlled laboratory setting. However, moderately hyperthermic body temperatures >38.0°C occur frequently at higher doses, even in the absence of physical activity and at room temperature. MDMA primarily releases serotonin and norepinephrine. Mechanistic clinical studies indicate that the MDMA-induced elevations in body temperature in humans partially depend on the MDMA-induced release of norepinephrine and involve enhanced metabolic heat generation and cutaneous vasoconstriction, resulting in impaired heat dissipation. The mediating role of serotonin is unclear. The management of sympathomimetic toxicity and associated hyperthermia mainly includes sedation with benzodiazepines and intravenous fluid replacement. Severe hyperthermia should primarily be treated with additional cooling and mechanical ventilation.
BMP7 Gene Transfer via Gold Nanoparticles into Stroma Inhibits Corneal Fibrosis In Vivo (2013)

This study examined the effects of BMP7 gene transfer on corneal wound healing and fibrosis inhibition in vivo using a rabbit model. Corneal haze in rabbits was produced with the excimer laser performing -9 diopters photorefractive keratectomy. BMP7 gene was introduced into rabbit keratocytes by polyethylimine-conjugated gold nanoparticles (PEI2-GNPs) transfection solution single 5-minute topical application on the eye. Corneal haze and ocular health in live animals was gauged with stereo- and slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The levels of fibrosis [α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), F-actin and fibronectin], immune reaction (CD11b and F4/80), keratocyte apoptosis (TUNEL), calcification (alizarin red, vonKossa and osteocalcin), and delivered-BMP7 gene expression in corneal tissues were quantified with immunofluorescence, western blotting and/or real-time PCR. Human corneal fibroblasts (HCF) and in vitro experiments were used to characterize the molecular mechanism mediating BMP7's anti-fibrosis effects. PEI2-GNPs showed substantial BMP7 gene delivery into rabbit keratocytes in vivo (2×10(4) gene copies/ug DNA). Localized BMP7 gene therapy showed a significant corneal haze decrease (1.68±0.31 compared to 3.2±0.43 in control corneas; p<0.05) in Fantes grading scale. Immunostaining and immunoblot analyses detected significantly reduced levels of αSMA (46±5% p<0.001) and fibronectin proteins (48±5% p<0.01). TUNEL, CD11b, and F4/80 assays revealed that BMP7 gene therapy is nonimmunogenic and nontoxic for the cornea. Furthermore, alizarin red, vonKossa and osteocalcin analyses revealed that localized PEI2-GNP-mediated BMP7 gene transfer in rabbit cornea does not cause calcification or osteoblast recruitment. Immunofluorescence of BMP7-transefected HCFs showed significantly increased pSmad-1/5/8 nuclear localization (>88%; p<0.0001), and immunoblotting of BMP7-transefected HCFs grown in the presence of TGFβ demonstrated significantly enhanced pSmad-1/5/8 (95%; p<0.001) and Smad6 (53%, p<0.001), and decreased αSMA (78%; p<0.001) protein levels. These results suggest that localized BMP7 gene delivery in rabbit cornea modulates wound healing and inhibits fibrosis in vivo by counter balancing TGFβ1-mediated profibrotic Smad signaling.
DNA encapsulation by an air-agitated, liquid-liquid mixer (1997)

Smooth and spherical alginate microspheres and nylon-membrane bound microcapsules were formed in an air-agitated, liquid-liquid mixer by emulsification/internal gelation and interfacial polymerization respectively. The mean diameter of the alginate microspheres ranged from 100 to 800 microm, and was controlled by process modifications. Increase in emulsifier concentration, gas flowrate, and emulsification time resulted in smaller microsphere size as did a decrease in liquid height. Increase in the dispersed phase viscosity resulted in a longer emulsification time required for approaching a minimum microsphere size. Microspheres could be formed with the proportion of dispersed phase approaching 30%. The yield of alginate microspheres was 70%, with losses attributed to incomplete recovery during washing and filtration operations. The yield of DNA encapsulation within the fraction of recovered microspheres, was 94%. The small loss was thought to occur by surface release during the washing of the microspheres. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 464-470, 1997.
Compressive acquisition of ray-space using radon transform (2009)

In this paper, we propose a method for compressive acquisition of Ray-Space. Briefly speaking, incomplete data which directly captured by a specific device is transformed to full information by Radon transform. Ray-Space, which represents 3D images, describes position and direction of rays on reference plane in real space. Ray-Space has information of many rays. In conventional acquisition of Ray-Space, multiple cameras are used and 1 pixel on a camera captures 1 ray. Thus we need many pixels and we must capture the large amount of data. However Ray-Space has redundancy because Ray-Space consists of set of lines which depend on the depth of objects. We use the Radon transform to exploit this redundancy. The Radon transform is set of projection data along different directions. The Radon transform of Ray-Space show uneven distribution. Thus Ray-Space can be reconstructed from projection data in limited range by the inverse Radon transform. Capturing the part of projection data correspond to capturing sums of several rays by 1 pixel. A sum of several rays means a sum of brightness of rays. In this paper, we have simulated reconstruction of Ray-Space projection data which was computed by the Radon Transform of Ray-Space. This experiment showed that Ray-Space could be reconstructed from the parts of projection data. As a result, using fewer pixels than rays, we could reduce the amount of data to reconstruct Ray-Space.
Efficient orange-red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes using an in situ synthesized copper(<scp>i</scp>) complex as the emitter (2014)

Orange-red phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes with inexpensive and eco-friendly luminescent Cu(<sc>i</sc>) complexes as the emitter are successfully realized by a codeposition method