gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Vapor Pressure of Magnesium Between 223 Deg and 385 Deg C (1965)

The vapor pressure of magnesium was determined using a modification of Langmuir's weight-loss method.The vapor pressure of magnesium, Ptorr, i n t h e range investigated, could be expressed by t h e equation log P t o r r = 8.6047 -7560.3/Tf o r temperatures between 496' and 658O K. enthalpy change f o r t h e reaction Mg ( s o l i d ) + M g (gas) a t 298.15OK w a s found t o be 35.3-1: 0.4 kcal/mole.i n i n h i b i t i n g t h e f r e e sublimation of magnesium w a s found t o be especially important i n t h i s range. TheThe e f f e c t of surface impurities, mainly oxide,
The Ringlike Structure of Macular Pigment in Age-Related Maculopathy: Results from the Muenster Aging and Retina Study (MARS) (2011)

Ringlike structures in the MP spatial profile are fairly common, show a high degree of bilaterality, and appeared inversely related with ARM.
Nitric oxide inhibits creatine kinase and regulates rat heart contractile reserve. (1996)

Cardiac myocytes express both constitutive and cytokine-inducible nitric oxide syntheses (NOS). NO and its congeners have been implicated in the regulation of cardiac contractile function. To determine whether NO could affect myocardial energetics, 31P NMR spectroscopy was used to evaluate high-energy phosphate metabolism in isolated rat hearts perfused with the NO donor S-nitrosoacetylcysteine (SNAC). All hearts were exposed to an initial high Ca2+ (3.5 mM) challenge followed by a recovery period, and then, either in the presence or absence of SNAC, to a second high Ca2+ challenge. This protocol allowed us to monitor simultaneously the effect of SNAC infusion on both contractile reserve (i.e., baseline versus high workload contractile function) and high-energy phosphate metabolism. The initial high Ca2+ challenge caused the rate-pressure product to increase by 74 +/- 5% in all hearts. As expected, ATP was maintained as phosphocreatine (PCr) content briefly dropped and then returned to baseline during the subsequent recovery period. Control hearts responded similarLy to the second high Ca2+ challenge, but SNAC-treated hearts did not demonstrate the expected increase in rate-pressure product. In these hearts, ATP declined significantly during the second high Ca2+ challenge, whereas phosphocreatine did not differ from controls, suggesting that phosphoryl transfer by creatine kinase (CK) was inhibited. CK activity, measured biochemically, was decreased by 61 +/- 13% in SNAC-treated hearts compared to controls. Purified CK in solution was also inhibited by SNAC, and reversal could be accomplished with DTT, a sulfhydryl reducing agent. Thus, NO can regulate contractile reserve, possibly by reversible nitrosothiol modification of CK.
A Comparative Study of Two Generic Resource Allocation Models (1997)

In a typical resource allocation model, clients request a fixed amount of a certain resource from the resource manager (RM). Based on the current allocations, the RM grants or rejects the request. An alternative abstract model for the resource allocation problem assumes that the client specifies its request as a range of possible allocations. The client is assumed to have the ability to dynamically adapt to the resource level (QoS) provided by the RM, which can change over time. Each request has a priority associated with it, and the objective of the RM is to maximize the allocation for all the clients while refusing the minimum number of requests. In this paper we propose two methods for allocating resources using the range-based model. We propose a unified metric for judging the effectiveness of resource allocation, and we compare the performance of the proposed methods and contrast it to the performance of fixed point based resource allocation, in both the preemptive and the non-pre...
Effect of slowly and rapidly degraded protein sources on the concentrations of amino acids and peptides in the rumen of steers (1991)

Abstract Four steers were given diets of straw and tapioca supplemented with urea, casein, formaldehyde treated casein (FTC), decorticated groundnut meal (DCGM), soya bean meal (SBM), maize gluten meal (MGM) or fish meal (FM) to determine the effect of degradability on rumen amino acid and peptide concentrations. Maximum concentrations of amino acid and peptide‐N in rumen ultrafiltrates occurred 1 h after feeding. Total amino acid‐N concentrations (mg litre −1 ) at this time were low, ranging from 1.2 SE 0.8 (urea) to 15.6 SE 6.0 (casein) with little variation in individual amino acids. The peptide‐N concentrations (mg litre −1 ) were higher, ranging from 2.4 SE 0.5 (urea) to 160.0 SE 21.0 (casein), but were poorly correlated with degradability and solubility. Apart from casein, the highest concentrations of peptide‐N were for those protein supplements, MGM (136.0 SE 25.0), FM (90.0 SE 15.0), and FTC (87.0 SE 14.0), with the lowest degradability suggesting that other factors, such as hydrophobicity, are also involved in the control of rumen peptide concentrations. Pooled samples taken 1 h after the morning feed were separated into three molecular weight (MW) fractions, 5000–50 000 da, 250–5000 da and < 250 da by gel filtration chromatography. From amino acid analysis it was found that the highest proportion of peptide‐N was in the 250–5000 da fraction, and although some high MW (5000–50 000) constituents were present, only the FTC and MGM diets gave rise to significant amounts.
Pneumatiic Conveying: Dilute vs. Dense Phase (2005)

Results of past space experiments suggest that the biological effect of space radiation could be enhanced under microgravity in some cases, especially in insects. To examine if such a synergistic effect of radiation and microgravity also exists in human cells, frequencies of chromosome instability and cellular levels of several stress-responsive proteins were analyzed in cultured human and rodent cells after space flight. Human (MCF7 and AT2KY), mouse (m5S) and hamster (SHE) cell lines were loaded on the Space Shuttle Discovery (STS-95 mission) and grown during a 9-day mission. After landing, the micronuclei resulting from abnormal nuclear division and accumulation of stress-responsive proteins such as p53 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are involved in radiation-induced signal transduction cascades, were analyzed. The frequencies of micronuclei in all the four mammalian cell strains tested were not significantly different between flight and ground control samples. Also, the cellular amounts of p53, p21 (WAF1/SDI1/CIP1) and activated (phosphorylated) forms of three distinct MAPKs in MCF7 and m5S cells of flight samples were similar to those of ground control samples. These results indicated that any effect of space radiation, microgravity, or combination of both were not detectable, at least under the present experimental conditions.
Generating best evidence from qualitative research: the role of data analysis (2007)

To outline the importance of the clarity of data analysis in the doing and reporting of interview‐based qualitative research. We explore the clear links between data analysis and evidence. We argue that transparency in the data analysis process is integral to determining the evidence that is generated. Data analysis must occur concurrently with data collection and comprises an ongoing process of ‘testing the fit’ between the data collected and analysis. We discuss four steps in the process of thematic data analysis: immersion, coding, categorising and generation of themes. Rigorous and systematic analysis of qualitative data is integral to the production of high‐quality research. Studies that give an explicit account of the data analysis process provide insights into how conclusions are reached while studies that explain themes anchored to data and theory produce the strongest evidence.
Harvesting Autogenous Iliac Bone Grafts (1989)

Autogenous bone grafts from the ilium are frequently harvested for purposes of bone union and/or stability. Although some donor site complications may be unavoidable, awareness of the anatomy and complications may aid in planning the approach and minimizing the risks. Documented donor site complications include pain, nerve and arterial injury, peritoneal perforation, sacroiliac joint instability, and herniation of abdominal contents through defects in the ilium. Strict observation of relevant anatomic considerations will help in avoiding these complications.
Oxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of sulfoxides and sulfones. Alkyl substituent-induced chemical-shift effects (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxygen-17 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of sulfoxides and sulfones. Alkyl substituent-induced chemical-shift effectsJohn C. Dyer, David L. Harris, and Slayton A. Evans Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 19, 3660–3664Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00140a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00140a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distinct epitopes on amiloride. II. Variably restricted epitopes defined by monoclonal anti-amiloride antibodies (1991)

Specific regions of amiloride appear to participate in binding to receptors on amiloride-sensitive transport proteins. Previous studies characterizing epitopes on amiloride recognized by anti-amiloride antibodies have demonstrated that antibodies recognize specific domains on amiloride and that these epitopes are determined, in part, by the site on amiloride used to couple to carrier protein. The 3,5-diaminopyrazinyl and guanidinocarbonyl moieties were identified as distinct epitopes. Since Na(+)-selective transport proteins are sensitive to changes of the halide on the amiloride molecule, additional monoclonal anti-amiloride antibodies were raised to determine whether the C-6 halo group of amiloride could be identified as an important site for drug-antibody binding. The epitopes recognized by a series of three monoclonal antibodies raised against amiloride coupled to rabbit serum albumin through its C-5 NH2-group were defined. Two antibodies recognize extensive regions on the amiloride molecule, including both the acylguanidino and pyrazinyl groups. In addition, both antibodies are sensitive to changes in the C-6 halo group on amiloride. A third antibody was relatively insensitive to changes in the halide in the C-6 position of the pyrazine ring of amiloride and recognized a more restricted epitope on amiloride.
LaTiO<sub>2</sub>N as a Visible-Light (≤600 nm)-Driven Photocatalyst (2) (2002)

LaTiO2N, a Ti-based oxynitride, was studied as a visible-light (420−600 nm)-driven photocatalyst. DFT calculation for LaTiO2N indicated that the top of the valence band consists predominantly of N 2p orbitals with a small contribution by O 2p orbitals, while the bottom of the conduction band is made up entirely of empty Ti 3d orbitals. LaTiO2N was synthesized from a La2Ti2O7 precursor at 1123 K under NH3 flow. The relationship between the preparation condition and the photocatalytic activities of H+ reduction to H2 and H2O oxidation to O2 was examined. It was found that the photocatalytic activity for O2 evolution increased with nitridation time, reaching a maximum at 72 h. Further treatment beyond 72 h lowered the rate of O2 evolution. The rate of H2 evolution was almost independent of nitridation time. The relationship between nitridation time and the rate of O2 evolution is discussed on the basis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses.
Targeted photothermal tumor therapy using metal nanoshells (2003)

Complications associated with invasive malignant tumor excision have led to alternative treatment methods including chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and thermal coagulation. Metal nanoshells, which are a new class of optically active nanoparticles, may provide a novel means of targeted photothermal therapy in tumor tissue, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. Metal nanoshells possess a strong tunable absorption, which can be placed in the near IR where maximal penetration of light through tissue is achieved. When conjugated with a tumor-specific protein, these nanoshells could be systemically injected, but preferentially bound to the tumor site. Near IR light administered at the site would heat the localized nanoshells, killing the tumor. We have successfully conjugated antibodies against oncoproteins to nanoshells and demonstrated specific binding to tumor cells. Furthermore, we have demonstrated photothermally-induced death of nanoshell-bound carcinoma cells in vitro, as well as in vivo. These studies utilized an 821 nm diode laser, and nanoshells fabricated with their plasmon resonance at 821 nm. Cell death was limited to the laser spot, and under control conditions (no nanoshells or no light), no cell death or tissue damage was observed.
Preparation of Homogeneous Elongation Factor G and Examination of the Mechanism of Guanosine Triphosphate Hydrolysis (1974)

Abstract A new procedure for the isolation of physically and enzymatically homogeneous Elongation Factor G based on the isolation of an Elongation Factor G · ribosome · GDP · fusidic acid complex is described. The yield from this procedure is 23 to 36% of the theoretical and results in an enzyme of specific activity 6200 to 6700 units per A280. The enzyme was shown to be physically homogeneous by disc gel electrophoresis under both native and denatured conditions. The enzymatic purity of the preparation with respect to enzymes utilizing guanine nucleotides was examined by quantitation of contaminating nonribosomal dependent GTPase, GDPase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, and polynucleotide phosphorylase activities. The highest contaminating activity was found to be 0.002% of the activity of Elongation Factor G. Utilizing this homogeneous Elongation Factor G, the reaction involving the hydrolytic cleavage of GTP catalyzed by the ribosome and Elongation Factor G was examined. The position of GTP cleavage was elucidated by the technique of 18O incorporation from water. It was demonstrated that solvent oxygen is incorporated only into the inorganic phosphate derived from the γ-phosphate of GTP. The number of solvent oxygen atoms incorporated per phosphate was 0.81 ± 0.19. Neither the α- nor β-phosphates of GDP, the other product of hydrolysis, incorporated solvent oxygen. From these observations the position of GTP cleavage was identified as occurring between the γ phosphorus atom and the oxygen bridging the β and γ phosphorus atoms. Using 32Pi and [α-32P]GDP, it was determined that neither the exchange of Pi into GTP nor the exchange of GDP into GTP are catalyzed by Elongation Factor G and the ribosome.
Effect of a prebiotic mixture on intestinal comfort and general wellbeing in health (2008)

Specific carbohydrates, i.e. prebiotics such as fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), are not digested in the small intestine but fermented in the colon. Besides beneficial health effects of an enhanced bifidobacteria population, intestinal gas production resulting from fermentation can induce abdominal symptoms. Partial replacement with slowly fermented acacia gum may attenuate side effects. The aim was to compare the effects of FOS with those of a prebiotic mixture (50 % FOS and 50 % acacia gum; BLEND) and a rapidly absorbed carbohydrate (maltodextrin) on general intestinal wellbeing, abdominal comfort and anorectal sensory function. Twenty volunteers (eight male and twelve female; age 20-37 years) completed this double-blind, randomised study with two cycles of a 2-week run-in phase (10 g maltodextrin) followed by 5 weeks of 10 g FOS or BLEND once daily, separated by a 4-week wash-out interval. Abdominal symptoms and general wellbeing were documented by telephone interview or Internet twice weekly. Rectal sensations were assessed by a visual analogue scale during a rectal barostat test after FOS and BLEND treatment. Both FOS and BLEND induced more side effects than maltodextrin. Belching was more pronounced under FOS compared with BLEND (P = 0.09 for females; P = 0.01 for males), and for self-reported general wellbeing strong sex differences were reported (P = 0.002). Urgency scores during rectal barostat were higher with FOS than BLEND (P = 0.01). Faced with a growing range of supplemented food products, consumers may benefit from prebiotic mixtures which cause fewer abdominal side effects. Sex differences must be taken in consideration when food supplements are used.
A Secure Implementation of White-Box AES (2009)

ShiftRows has no effect on Chow’s scheme, the obfuscations of the key can be divided into smaller ones and removed with the help of specific characters of the MixColumns operation in AES. In this paper, we present a secure implementation of White-Box AES, the main difference lies in ShiftRows operation. It is now embedded in matrices product, the output encodings has the same size as the output of MixColumns operation (32bits). Thus the obfuscation of the key cannot be divided into smaller ones or removed by using Billet's attack technique. Thus, our scheme can resist Billet’s attack. It is more secure than Chow's.
Overlapping Repressor Binding Sites Result in Additive Regulation of<i>Escherichia coli</i>FadH by FadR and ArcA (2010)

Escherichia coli fadH encodes a 2,4-dienoyl reductase that plays an auxiliary role in beta-oxidation of certain unsaturated fatty acids. In the 2 decades since its discovery, FadH biochemistry has been studied extensively. However, the genetic regulation of FadH has been explored only partially. Here we report mapping of the fadH promoter and document its complex regulation by three independent regulators, the fatty acid degradation FadR repressor, the oxygen-responsive ArcA-ArcB two-component system, and the cyclic AMP receptor protein-cyclic AMP (CRP-cAMP) complex. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that FadR binds to the fadH promoter region and that this binding can be specifically reversed by long-chain acyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters. In vivo data combining transcriptional lacZ fusion and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses indicated that fadH is strongly repressed by FadR, in agreement with induction of fadH by long-chain fatty acids. Inactivation of arcA increased fadH transcription by >3-fold under anaerobic conditions. Moreover, fadH expression was increased 8- to 10-fold under anaerobic conditions upon deletion of both the fadR and the arcA gene, indicating that anaerobic expression is additively repressed by FadR and ArcA-ArcB. Unlike fadM, a newly reported member of the E. coli fad regulon that encodes another auxiliary beta-oxidation enzyme, fadH was activated by the CRP-cAMP complex in a manner similar to those of the prototypical fad genes. In the absence of the CRP-cAMP complex, repression of fadH expression by both FadR and ArcA-ArcB was very weak, suggesting a possible interplay with other DNA binding proteins.
The Extracellular Domain of p75NTR Is Necessary to Inhibit Neurotrophin-3 Signaling through TrkA (2001)

The TrkA receptor is activated primarily by nerve growth factor (NGF), but it can also be activated by high concentrations of neurotrophin 3 (NT-3). The pan-neurotrophin receptor p75(NTR) strongly inhibits activation of TrkA by NT-3 but not by NGF. To examine the role of p75(NTR) in regulating the specificity of TrkA signaling, we expressed both receptors in Xenopus oocytes. Application of NGF or NT-3 to oocytes expressing TrkA alone resulted in efflux of (45)Ca(2+) by a phospholipase C-gamma-dependent pathway. Coexpression of p75(NTR) with TrkA inhibited (45)Ca(2+) efflux in response to NT-3 but not NGF. The inhibitory effect on NT-3 activation of TrkA increased with increasing expression of p75(NTR). Coexpression of a truncated p75(NTR) receptor lacking all but the first 9 amino acids of the cytoplasmic domain inhibited NT-3 stimulation of (45)Ca(2+) efflux, whereas coexpression of an epidermal growth factor receptor/p75(NTR) chimera (extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor with transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of p75(NTR)) did not inhibit NT-3 signaling through TrkA. These studies demonstrated that the extracellular domain of p75(NTR) was necessary to inhibit NT-3 signaling through TrkA. Remarkably, p75(NTR) binding to NT-3 was not required to prevent signaling through TrkA, since occupying p75(NTR) with brain-derived neurotrophic factor or anti-p75 antibody (REX) did not rescue the ability of NT-3 to activate (45)Ca(2+) efflux. These data suggested a physical association between TrkA and p75(NTR). Documenting this physical interaction, we showed that p75(NTR) and TrkA could be coimmunoprecipitated from Xenopus oocytes. Our results suggest that the interaction of these two receptors on the cell surface mediated the inhibition of NT-3-activated signaling through TrkA.
<title>3D quantitative visualization of altered LV wall thickening dynamics caused by coronary microembolization</title> (2001)

Regional heart wall dynamics has been shown to be a sensitive indicator of LV wall ischemia. Rates of local LV wall thickening during a cardiac cycle can be measured and illustrated using functional parametric mappings. This display conveys the spatial distribution of dynamic strain in the myocardium and thereby provides a rapid qualitative appreciation of the severity and extent of the ischemic region. 3D reconstructions were obtained in an anesthetized pig from 8 adjacent, shortaxis, slices of the left ventricle imaged with an Electron Beam Computer Tomograph at 11 time points through one complete cardiac cycle. The 3D reconstructions were obtained before and after injection of 100 micrometer microspheres into the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery. This injection causes microembolization of LAD artery branches within the heart wall. The image processing involved radially dividing the tomographic images of the myocardium into small subdivisions with color encoding of the local magnitude of regional thickness or regional velocities of LV wall thickening throughout the cardiac cycle. We compared the effectiveness of animation of wall thickness encoded in color versus a static image of computed rate of wall thickness change in color. The location, extent and severity of regional wall akinesis or dyskinesis, as determined from these displays, can then be compared to the region of embolization as indicated by the distribution of altered LV wall perfusion.