gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate specificity of the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase. (1975)

The protein substrate specificity of the catalytic subunit of rabbit skeletal muscle cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37; ATP:protein phosphotransferase) has been studied using genetic variants of beta casein. It was found that beta casein-B was phosphorylated at a much greater rate than beta caseins A1, A2, A3, or C. The enhanced phosphorylation of beta casein-B, as compared with the most common variant A2, was attributed to an arginine substitution for a serine at position 122, which caused a nearby residue, serine 124, to become a phosphorylation site for the protein kinase. These results further support the concept that the local primary structure is important in specificity and that arginine may be a specific determinant common to all the local phosphorylation site sequences recognized by the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Dual-phase holograms: improved design (1987)

An analysis of dual-phase holograms is presented which concentrates on the effects of phase quantization on hologram design. Two different quantization schemes are investigated and used in conjunction with an iterative design algorithm to reduce quantization error. It is shown that performance of the quantization schemes depends on the number of quantization levels available.
Analysis of a Combined Gas Turbine and Absorption-Refrigeration Cycle (1971)

An appreciable improvement in the performance of gas turbines operating with ambient temperatures above 90 deg F could be achieved by combining an absorption-refrigeration unit to the power cycle. The thermal energy in the exhaust gases from the turbine is used to operate the refrigeration unit, which in turn cools the air prior to entering the compressor. This reduction in compressor-inlet temperature results an average improvement of about 7–9 points in the thermal efficiency of the combined cycle as well as an increase in the specific output. The analysis includes the effect of different cycle parameters such as compressor pressure ratio, maximum cycle temperature, and regeneration.
A Foam Method for Degumming Raw Silk (1950)

A foam method for degumming raw silk skeins is described. The yarn produced is free from tensile strength degradation and even after coning presents a clean cone free from hairiness or broken filaments. The winding efficiency of such yarn has been found to be quite superior to that of yarn degummed by the more usual methods. It is suggested that a large part of the variation in the published values for certain physical properties of fibroin— e.g., isoelectric-point pH—may be due to variation in the initial material which could arise from the use of different degumming procedures.
Chromosome Changes Connect Immunodeficiency and Cancer in Ataxia-Telangiectasia (1987)

Ataxia-telangiectasia (AT) is a primary genetic immunodeficiency disease predisposing to cancer. Approximately 40% of patients with AT develop malignancy, usually of the lymphoid system. Increased chromosome breakage in AT leads to rearrangements such as translocations and inversions. The preferred chromosome breakpoints in AT involve genes in the immune system: the immunoglobulin (Ig) gene loci in chromosome bands 2p12, 14q32, and 22q11 and the T cell receptor (TCR) gene loci in chromosome bands 7p13, 7q35, and 14q11. Identical chromosome breakpoints are observed in chromosome rearrangements in normal T cells, Burkitt's lymphoma, and adult T cell leukemia. Molecular analysis of these chromosome rearrangements reveals recombination between an oncogene and Ig or between Ig and TCR. In AT, chromosome rearrangements connect the immune system to lymphoid cancer.
<i>Ephemerons</i> (1997)

Finalization occurs when a garbage collector informs an application that an object is "almost collectable." It is used to help an application maintain its invariants. To make finalization more useful, this paper defines "almost collectable" in terms of a new class of objects, called ephemerons. Ephemerons are similar to weak pairs, but an object in an ephemeron's key field may be classed as "almost collectable" even if it is reachable from the epehemeron's value fields.
Effect of heat treatments on superconducting properties of Nb/sub 3/Sn strands developed at GEC ALSTHOM (1997)

Two different Nb/sub 3/Sn strands have been processed at GEC ALSTHOM using the internal tin process. Conductors were composed with seven sub-elements, made up with NbTa7,5wt% filaments, surrounded by a Nb/Ta diffusion barrier to isolate the core from the copper shell. Effects of 9 different heat treatments (HT) on superconducting properties such as critical current densities, critical temperatures, critical magnetic fields and hysteresis losses have been investigated. The use of heat treatments adapted to the strand design showed an increase in critical current up to 48% with only a slight increase in the level of hysteresis losses. The low variation of losses is correlated to filament locations and bridging distributions across the conductor section. The critical current enhancement is achieved under a more complete transformation of the filaments into Nb/sub 3/Sn and also by the refinement of Nb/sub 3/Sn grains controlled by particular conditions of germination. As a result, critical current density Jc/sub nonCu/=800 A/mm/sup 2/ at 12 T with hysteresis losses Q/sub nonCu/spl plusmn/3 T/=490 mJ/cm/sup 3/ have been measured.
Enhancement of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> levels in rice expressing Arabidopsis vitamin B<sub>6</sub> biosynthesis <i>de novo</i> genes (2019)

Vitamin B<sub>6</sub> (pyridoxine) is vital for key metabolic reactions and reported to have antioxidant properties in planta. Therefore, enhancement of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> content has been hypothesized to be a route to improve resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Most of the current studies on vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in plants are on eudicot species, with monocots remaining largely unexplored. In this study, we investigated vitamin B<sub>6</sub> biosynthesis in rice, with a view to examining the feasibility and impact of enhancing vitamin B<sub>6</sub> levels. Constitutive expression in rice of two Arabidopsis thaliana genes from the vitamin B<sub>6</sub> biosynthesis de novo pathway, AtPDX1.1 and AtPDX2, resulted in a considerable increase in vitamin B<sub>6</sub> in leaves (up to 28.3-fold) and roots (up to 12-fold), with minimal impact on general growth. Rice lines accumulating high levels of vitamin B<sub>6</sub> did not display enhanced tolerance to abiotic stress (salt) or biotic stress (resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae infection). While a significant increase in vitamin B<sub>6</sub> content could also be achieved in rice seeds (up to 3.1-fold), the increase was largely due to its accumulation in seed coat and embryo tissues, with little enhancement observed in the endosperm. However, seed yield was affected in some vitamin B<sub>6</sub> -enhanced lines. Notably, expression of the transgenes did not affect the expression of the endogenous rice PDX genes. Intriguingly, despite transgene expression in leaves and seeds, the corresponding proteins were only detectable in leaves and could not be observed in seeds, possibly pointing to a mode of regulation in this organ.
<i>In vivo</i>assessment of trabecular bone structure at the distal radius from high-resolution computed tomography images (1996)

A dedicated computed tomography system was used to acquire transaxial images of the distal radius to assess trabecular bone structure in vivo. We segmented trabecular bone from the marrow and soft tissue background by postprocessing the image with a region grow and skeletonization step. From the processed image we assessed the integrity of the bone by examining the continuity of its trabecular network and by determining the area of the holes comprising its marrow space. The continuity of the bone imaged was assessed by a proposed connectivity index (CI) and the size of the marrow spaces was assessed by calculating a mean hole area (H(A)) in the bone cross-section. Repeat measurements revealed that the intra-subject variability in CI and H(A) was small (CV < 6%). Both CI and H(A) were sensitive enough to reflect differences in structure at the head of the radius and at several sites along its shaft. We tested the diagnostic value of assessing bone structure at the distal end of the radius by measuring trabecular bone density, CI and H(A) in a mixed group of 26 subjects, nine of whom had suffered a wrist fracture. We found that a trabecular bone density threshold of 116 mg cm-3, corresponding to two standard deviations below the mean density in the 17 non-fractured subjects, separated fractured from non-fractured subjects with a sensitivity of 22% and a specificity of 100%. A CI threshold of -4.7 doubled the sensitivity (44%) and maintained the 100% specificity. An H(A) threshold of 4.5 mm2 achieved a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 94%. This increased sensitivity achieved by our indices suggests that an in vivo assessment of trabecular bone structure can contribute significantly to the identification of persons at risk of fracture.
Broad anti-coronaviral activity of FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vitro</i> and SARS-CoV <i>in vivo</i> (2020)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China at the end of 2019 and has rapidly become a pandemic with roughly 2.7 million recorded COVID-19 cases and greater than 189,000 recorded deaths by April 23rd, 2020 ( www.WHO.org ). There are no FDA approved antivirals or vaccines for any coronavirus, including SARS-CoV-2. Current treatments for COVID-19 are limited to supportive therapies and off-label use of FDA approved drugs. Rapid development and human testing of potential antivirals is greatly needed. A quick way to test compounds with potential antiviral activity is through drug repurposing. Numerous drugs are already approved for human use and subsequently there is a good understanding of their safety profiles and potential side effects, making them easier to fast-track to clinical studies in COVID-19 patients. Here, we present data on the antiviral activity of 20 FDA approved drugs against SARS-CoV-2 that also inhibit SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. We found that 17 of these inhibit SARS-CoV-2 at a range of IC50 values at non-cytotoxic concentrations. We directly follow up with seven of these to demonstrate all are capable of inhibiting infectious SARS-CoV-2 production. Moreover, we have evaluated two of these, chloroquine and chlorpromazine, in vivo using a mouse-adapted SARS-CoV model and found both drugs protect mice from clinical disease.
Stimulation of Topoisomerase II-Mediated DNA Cleavage by Three DNA-Intercalating Plant Alkaloids:  Cryptolepine, Matadine, and Serpentine (1999)

Cryptolepine, matadine, and serpentine are three indoloquinoline alkaloids isolated from the roots of African plants: Cryptolepis sanguinolenta, Strychnos gossweileri, and Rauwolfia serpentina, respectively. For a long time, these alkaloids have been used in African folk medicine in the form of plant extracts for the treatment of multiple diseases, in particular as antimalarial drugs. To date, the molecular basis for their diverse biological effects remains poorly understood. To elucidate their mechanism of action, we studied their interaction with DNA and their effects on topoisomerase II. The strength and mode of binding to DNA of the three alkaloids were investigated by spectroscopy. The alkaloids bind tightly to DNA and behave as typical intercalating agents. All three compounds stabilize the topoisomerase II-DNA covalent complex and stimulate the cutting of DNA by topoisomerase II. The poisoning effect is more pronounced with cryptolepine than with matadine and serpentine, but none of the drugs exhibit a preference for cutting at a specific base. Cryptolepine which binds 10-fold more tightly to DNA than the two related alkaloids proves to be much more cytotoxic toward B16 melanoma cells than matadine and serpentine. The cellular consequences of the inhibition of topoisomerase II by cryptolepine were investigated using the HL60 leukemia cell line. The flow cytometry analysis shows that the drug alters the cell cycle distribution, but no sign of drug-induced apoptosis was detected when evaluating the internucleosomal fragmentation of DNA in cells. Cryptolepine-treated cells probably die via necrosis rather than via apoptosis. The results provide evidence that DNA and topoisomerase II are the primary targets of cryptolepine, matadine, and serpentine.
Do serum biomarkers really measure breast cancer? (2009)

Overall, the selected serum proteins showed moderate ability for detecting lesions. However, they are probably more indicative of secondary effects such as inflammation rather than specific for malignancy.
Mercury (II) Adsorption on Three Contrasting Chinese Soils Treated with Two Sources of Dissolved Organic Matter: II. Spectroscopic Characterization (2015)

To reveal the influencing mechanism of dissolved organic matter (DOM) on mercury (Hg II) adsorption by black, red, and fluvo-aquic soils in China, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and three-dimensional excitation emission matrix (3DEEM) fluorescence spectroscopy were employed to characterize the DOM samples and DOM-Hg complexes. FTIR spectra showed that the complexation of Hg (II) mainly acted on the C=O, COO−, and O-H groups of DOM from swine manure (DOMs) and wheat straw (DOMw). The NMR spectra indicated that the complex reaction of Hg (II) and DOM corresponded with the change in carboxyl C. The NMR results also showed that the dominant C components in DOM were aromatic C, O-alkyl C, alkyl C, and carboxyl C, and that DOMw imposed more influence on Hg (II) adsorption than DOMs, which was consistent with that of FTIR spectroscopy. The 3DEEM showed that DOM contained both aromatic protein-like and fulvic-like substances, and that the protein-like properties of DOMs and UV fulvic-like fluorescence substances of DOMw can better participate in the formation of Hg complexes. This result provides strong direct evidence to elucidate the DOM-Hg (II) binding mechanism, and further interprets the effect mechanism of exogenous DOM on Hg adsorption by soil.
Trisubstituted Sulfonamides: A New Chemotype for Development of Potent and Selective CB<sub>2</sub>Receptor Inverse Agonists (2013)

An extensive exploration of the SAR of a trisubstituted sulfonamides series led to the identification of <b>39</b>, which is a potent and selective CB<sub>2</sub> receptor inverse agonist (CB<sub>2</sub><i>K</i>i = 5.4 nM, and CB<sub>1</sub><i>K</i>i = 500 nM). The functional properties measured by cAMP assays indicated that the selected compounds were CB<sub>2</sub> inverse agonists with high potency values (<b>34</b>, EC<sub>50</sub> = 8.2 nM, and <b>39</b>, EC<sub>50</sub> = 2.5 nM). Furthermore, an osteoclastogenesis bioassay indicated that trisubstituted sulfonamide compounds showed great inhibition of osteoclast formation.
Intelligent file management in ubiquitous environments (2005)

The paradigm of Ubiquitous computing seeks to build a computing environment that responds to user context. An ideal file system for the Ubiquitous environment is one that can successfully recognize the present context and automate file management. The intelligence in the Ubiquitous file management is achieved by applying a heuristics based clustering approach to the system. The applied heuristics are those that are used on file attributes by users to manually manage files in a traditional file system. File attributes can be used to relate files to the most appropriate work-context and also draw inter-file relationships. We discuss methods to harness the given file information from the file-system to form a context-relation wrapper over disparate files. This enables management of files as context related working sets rather than as individual files. A survey was conducted among regular computer users and the compiled results supported our context based file clustering approach. The experiments also showed promising results that confirm our model on the file heuristics, thus finding semantic relations between those files.
Imaging of diffusion and microcirculation with gradient sensitization: Design, strategy, and significance (1991)

Recent developments in the use of magnetic resonance (MR) to measure and image diffusion and blood microcirculation ("perfusion") are summarized. After a brief description of the effects of diffusion and perfusion on the MR signal, the different methods (conventional spin-echo, stimulated-echo, gradient-echo, and echo-planar imaging) that have been proposed and used to image and measure diffusion and perfusion by gradient sensitization are presented, along with their advantages and limitations. The difficulties of diffusion/perfusion imaging related to both hardware and software are then discussed. Special attention is given to specific problems encountered with in vivo studies and data analysis. Finally, the potential biologic and clinical applications are outlined, and some examples are presented.
Preliminary investigation of an invertor-fed 5-phase induction motor (1969)

The paper reports some preliminary experiments on an invertor-fed 5-phase induction motor, and shows measured values of instantaneous current and torque. These are compared with the values predicted by a dual analogue. The amplitude of the torque fluctuation is approximately one third of that of the corresponding 3-phase motor.
New communication style using television broadcasting and the Internet (2002)

Three achievements are presented: (i) a new communications style in which a subject of interest such as a visual object rendered using TV broadcasting is directly linked with chat messages, (ii) a method of grouping TV viewers who are interested in the same visual object, and (iii) a method of sharing thumbnail images without transmitting the video data itself.
Interference-filter tuning of a semiconductor laser in a misalignment-tolerant degenerate external cavity (1988)

A serious problem with conventional grating-tuned external-cavity lasers1 is their sensitivity to angular misalignment of the grating. While rotation of the grating about an axis parallel to the rulings tunes the laser output, a small rotation about an axis perpendicular to the rulings misaligns the external cavity. We describe an alignment-stablized degenerate external-cavity semiconductor laser tuned with an interference filter.
Walowdac - Analysis of a Peer-to-Peer Botnet (2009)

A botnet is a network of compromised machines under the control of an attacker. Botnets are the driving force behind several misuses on the Internet, for example spam mails or automated identity theft. In this paper, we study the most prevalent peer-to-peer botnet in 2009: Waledac. We present our in ltration of the Waledac botnet, which can be seen as the successor of the Storm Worm botnet. To achieve this we implemented a clone of the Waledac bot named Walowdac. It implements the communication features of Waledac but does not cause any harm, i.e., no spam emails are sent and no other commands are executed. With the help of this tool we observed a minimum daily population of 55,000 Waledac bots and a total of roughly 390,000 infected machines throughout the world. Furthermore, we gathered internal information about the success rates of spam campaigns and newly introduced features like the theft of cre- dentials from victim machines.
Machine Learned Resume-Job Matching Solution (2016)

Job search through online matching engines nowadays are very prominent and beneficial to both job seekers and employers. But the solutions of traditional engines without understanding the semantic meanings of different resumes have not kept pace with the incredible changes in machine learning techniques and computing capability. These solutions are usually driven by manual rules and predefined weights of keywords which lead to an inefficient and frustrating search experience. To this end, we present a machine learned solution with rich features and deep learning methods. Our solution includes three configurable modules that can be plugged with little restrictions. Namely, unsupervised feature extraction, base classifiers training and ensemble method learning. In our solution, rather than using manual rules, machine learned methods to automatically detect the semantic similarity of positions are proposed. Then four competitive "shallow" estimators and "deep" estimators are selected. Finally, ensemble methods to bag these estimators and aggregate their individual predictions to form a final prediction are verified. Experimental results of over 47 thousand resumes show that our solution can significantly improve the predication precision current position, salary, educational background and company scale.
Characteristics of rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (1986)

A procedure for the preparation of rat liver microsomal fractions essentially devoid of contaminating lysosomes is described. When this preparation was examined by immunoblotting with a rabbit antiserum to rat 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, a single band corresponding to an Mr of 100000 was observed. No evidence was found for glycosylation of rat liver-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Native rat liver microsomal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase differs from the purified proteolytically modified species in that it displays allosteric kinetics towards NADPH.
Time Alignment Measurement for Time Series (2018)

When a comparison between time series is required, measurement functions provide meaningful scores to characterize similarity between sequences. Quite often, time series appear warped in time, i.e, although they may exhibit amplitude and shape similarity, they appear dephased in time. The most common algorithm to overcome this challenge is the Dynamic Time Warping, which aligns each sequence prior establishing distance measurements. However, Dynamic Time Warping takes only into account amplitude similarity. A distance which characterizes the degree of time warping between two sequences can deliver new insights for applications where the timing factor is essential, such well-defined movements during sports or rehabilitation exercises. We propose a novel measurement called Time Alignment Measurement, which delivers similarity information on the temporal domain. We demonstrate the potential of our approach in measuring performance of time series alignment methodologies and in the characterization of synthetic and real time series data acquired during human movement.
ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE. IV. CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE.<sup>1</sup> (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE. IV. CHEMICAL REACTIONS IN ANHYDROUS HYDRAZINE.1T. W. B. Welsh and H. J. BrodersonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 4, 825–832Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02169a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02169a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts