gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of multiple austenitizing treatments on HT-9 steels (1985)

The effect of multiple austenitizing treatments on the toughness of an Fe-12Cr-1.0Mo-0.5W-0.3V (HT-9) steel was studied. The resulting microstructures were characterized by their mechanical properties, precipitated carbide distribution, and fracture surface appearance. It was proposed that multiple transformations would refine the martensite structure and improve toughness. Optical and scanning electron microscopic observations revealed that the martensite packet structure was somewhat refined by a second austenite transformation. Transmission electron microscopy studies of carbon extraction replicas showed that this multiple step treatment had eliminated grain boundary carbide films seen in single treated specimens on prior austenite grain boundaries. The 0.2% yield strength, tensile strength, and elongation were relatively unchanged, but the toughness measured by fatigue pre-cracked Charpy impact tests increased for the multiple step specimens.
Novel Features for Off-line Signature Verification (2006)

In this paper a novel feature extraction scheme has been suggested for offline signature verification. The proposed method used geometric center for feature extraction. Euclidean distance model was used for classification. This classifier is well suitable for features extracted and fast in computation. Method proposed in this paper leads to better results than existing offline signature verification methods. Threshold selection is based on statistical parameters like average and standard deviation (sigma).
Device discovery and connection establishment approach using Ad-Hoc Wi-Fi for opportunistic networks (2011)

We propose a device discovery approach and connection establishment scheme for opportunistic networks using Ad-Hoc Wi-Fi as the underlying communication technology. We employ beacon stuffing method for a device to announce its existence in its neighborhood by broadcasting beacons stuffed with useful information in the field of SSID to remote devices. This method can allow a device to discover multiple devices and their running applications without performing connection establishment attempt while limiting the communication for device discovery only on MAC layer. In order to enhance energy efficiency, we also develop a score-based scanning schedule for device discovery operation. Once the neighbor is discovered, we present a connection establishment scheme between peers. We implement our proposed scheme on HP IPAQ 910 mobile phone equipped with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Extensive experiments have been carried out to evaluate our approach. The experiment results show that our approach can achieve high energy efficiency and satisfactory peer connection speed and quality.
Data-driven Thermal Model Inference with ARMAX, in Smart Environments, based on Normalized Mutual Information (2018)

Understanding the models that characterize the thermal dynamics in a smart building is important for the comfort of its occupants and for its energy optimization. A significant amount of research has attempted to utilize thermodynamics (physical) models for smart building control, but these approaches remain challenging due to the stochastic nature of the intermittent environmental disturbances. This paper presents a novel <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">data-driven</i> approach for indoor thermal model inference, which combines an Autoregressive Moving Average with eXogenous inputs model (ARMAX) with a Normalized Mutual Information scheme (NMI). Based on this information-theoretic method, NMI, causal dependencies between the indoor temperature and exogenous inputs are explicitly obtained as a guideline for the ARMAX model to find the dominating inputs. For validation, we use three datasets based on building energy systems-against which we compare our method to an autoregressive model with exogenous inputs (ARX), a regularized ARMAX model, and state-space models.
Identification and sequence of a Na<sup>+</sup>‐linked gene from the marine bacterium <i>Alteromonas haloplanktis</i> which functionally complements the <i>dagA</i> gene of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

A 4.0 kb fragment from a plasmid genomic DNA library of the marine bacterium Alteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 19855 was found in the presence of Na+ to complement the dagA gene of Escherichia coli. We have completely sequenced this fragment and the position of the Na(+)-linked D-alanine glycine permease gene (dagA) on the fragment has been determined by complementation. The predicted carrier protein consists of 542 amino acid residues (M(r) 58,955). Its hydropathy profile suggests it is composed of eight transmembrane segments with a long hydrophilic region between segments six and seven. Significant similarity has been found between this Na(+)-linked permease and the Na+/proline permeases of E. coli and Salmonella typhimurium and the human and rabbit intestinal Na+/glucose cotransporters.
Indexing problems in quasicrystal diffraction (1985)

Various features of quasicrystal diffraction patterns are discussed. The projection scheme is used throughout and applied in some detail to the pattern formed by icosahedral Al-Mn. Comparison with the diffraction pattern formed by the vertices of a three-dimensional Penrose tiling leads to the value 4.60 A\r{} for the rhombohedron edge length.
Pathophysiological aspects and clinical outcome of intra-anal application of isosorbide dinitrate in patients with chronic anal fissure. (1996)

Local application of ISDN reduces anal pressure and improves anodermal blood flow. This dual effect results in a fissure healing rate of 88% at 12 weeks. This new and simple treatment modality seems to be an attractive alternative for the current available surgical procedures.
Old Age Serene and Bright? (1997)

The subject of this issue's cover story, NCR, is 113 years old, which might be regarded as venerable for a U.S. company. Of course, some firms are older—Eleuthére Irénée du Pont de Nemours set up shop to produce black powder in 1802, and William Procter and James Gamble established their partnership in 1837. But only shortly before John H. Patterson founded the National Cash Register Company in 1884, did General Electric (1876), and Exxon (as Standard Oil of New Jersey in 1882) come into being. And just two years later, in May 1886, Dr. John S. Pemberton sold the first sip of Coca‐Cola in Atlanta.
Neonatal Thymectomy Results in a Repertoire Enriched in T Cells Deleted in Adult Thymus (1989)

In B6AF1 mice, T lymphocytes that use the V beta 11-positive (and not V beta 6-positive or V beta 8-positive) segment in their receptor for antigen are greatly reduced in the thymus and peripheral lymphoid tissues, most likely as a result of clonal deletion. The relative number of V beta 11-positive cells in adult lymph nodes was ten times as high in B6AF1 mice thymectomized 1 to 4 days after birth as in normal mice. Moreover, for the first 10 days of life of B6AF1 mice, mature V beta 11-positive T cells were readily detected in the thymus and spleen. Thus neonatal thymectomy results in the maintenance of the receptor repertoire of early postnatal life, and this correlates with the subsequent development of organ-specific autoimmune diseases.
Ultra low voltage current multiplier/divider (2003)

In this paper we present novel current-mode multiplier/divider circuits utilizing the features of FGUVMOS transistors. Even for ultra low supply voltages a proper operation is achieved with threshold shifting using post-fabrication tuning. Measured results are provided of a multiplier working over a large magnitude in current at 0.7 V power supply.
Talking to strangers without taking their candy (2008)

Social networks have begun supporting external content integration with platforms like OpenSocial and the Facebook API. These platforms let users install third- party applications and are a popular example of a mashup. Content integration is often accomplished by proxying the third-party content or importing third-party scripts. However, these methods introduce serious risks of user impersonation and data exposure. Modern browsers provide no mechanism to differentiate between trusted and untrusted embedded content. As a result, content providers are forced to trust third-party scripts or ensure user safety by means of server-side code sanitization. We demonstrate the difficulties of server-side code filtering -- and the ramifications of its failure - with an example from the Facebook Platform. We then propose browser modifications that would distinguish between trusted and untrusted content and enforce their separation.
Using Entropy to Identify Shape and Text in Hand Drawn Diagrams (2009)

Most sketch recognition systems are accurate in recognizing either text or shape (graphic) ink strokes, but not both. Distinguishing between shape and text strokes is, therefore, a critical task in recognizing hand drawn digital ink diagrams which commonly contain many text labels and annotations. We have found the ‘entropy rate’ to be an accurate criterion of classification. We found that the entropy rate is significantly higher for text strokes compared to shape strokes and can serve as a distinguishing factor between the two. Using entropy values, our system produced a correct classification rate of 92.06% on test data belonging to diagrammatic domain for which the threshold was trained on.  It also performed favorably on data for which no training examples at all were supplied.
Techno-economic potential of bioethanol from bamboo in China (2013)

Bioethanol from bamboo is shown to be both technically and economically feasible, as well as competitive with petrol in China. Alternative approaches to reduce bioethanol production costs are still needed however, to ensure its competitiveness in a possible future scenario where neither tax exemptions nor subsidies are granted to producers. These measures may include improving sugar release with more effective pretreatments and reduced enzyme usage, accessing low cost bamboo feedstock or selecting feedstocks with higher/more accessible cellulose.
Incremental mesh modeling and hierarchical object recognition using multiple range images (2002)

This paper describes a vision system which recognizes 3D objects in real-time by modeling the shapes of objects and matching the generated models. We develop the following methods for practically solving important problems of integration such as the estimation of sensor accuracy as well as real-time processing: 1) we reduce the computation of signed-distance, which is necessary to apply the marching cubes algorithm, and select the optimal resolution of models to be generated using an octree, thereby enabling us to generate hierarchical mesh models in real-time; 2) we apply spin-image matching by selecting the resolution of generated models and the coarse to-fine algorithm, consequently, we are able to efficiently match multiple objects of different sizes.
A robust ISFET array with in-pixel quantisation and automatic offset calibration (2016)

A pH-based microarray is presented using Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) as chemical sensors for an ion imaging platform. The pH is quantised in time with a pixel architecture based on Active Pixel Sensors (APS), and decoded using a continuous time Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) decoder with a resolution which can be modulated through a multiplexer. The complete peripheral system sends the data obtained from the 8×8 array to a microcontroller through an SPI interface. A novel automatic ISFET calibration scheme provides feedback to compensate for trapped charge at device level, offering a trade-off between accuracy and speed of processing. The algorithm relies on a source voltage modulation, whereby the value for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> in every pixel is identified and stored in an on-chip RAM. Intermediate calibrations may be run periodically for drift cancellation. The design is implemented in a 0.35 μm standard CMOS technology. The resolution of the PWM decoder is shown to lie between 9.55 ns and 29.1 ns. The system was simulated for various offset values, and shows a high resolution of 33 mpH. The initial calibration typically runs in 130 ms and the readout for the full array once calibrated is carried out in 832 μs, which offers a high time resolution for ion imaging.
Lead Acid Battery Expander: II . Expander Activity Correlation Between Microelectrode and Pasted Electrode (1981)

The efficacy of the microelectrode cycle life index in predicting the influence of expander on the pasted electrode performance was carried out from the simultaneous testing of four lignosulfonate expanders by the microelectrode and pasted electrode. Expander was included in the test solution for the microelectrode and in the paste for the pasted electrode. The studies of the effect of expander concentration on both the microelectrode cycle life index and 90% DOD cycle life of negative limited 98 A‐hr test cells were identical, showing an optimum expander concentration for a maximum cyclic performance. Testing of three expander materials obtained from the process variations of the same source material also showed a correlation between the microelectrode cycle life index and the specific capacity of the pasted electrode. Expander activity on the lead electrode performance was observed to vary with the quality and concentration of expander. The application of the microelectrode technique as a quality control tool of the expander material was established.
Nucleotide‐Dependent Conformational Changes and Assembly of the AAA ATPase SKD1/VPS4B (2008)

SKD1/VPS4B belongs to the adenosine triphosphatases associated with diverse cellular activities (AAA) family and regulates multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. SKD1 changes its oligomeric state during the ATPase cycle and subsequently releases endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complexes from endosomes during the formation of MVBs. In this study, we describe domain motions in monomeric SKD1 on ATP and ADP binding. Nucleotides bind between the alpha/beta and the alpha-helical domains of SKD1, inducing a approximately 20 degrees domain rotation and closure of the binding site, which are similar to the changes observed in the AAA+ ATPase, HslU. Gel filtration and small-angle X-ray scattering experiments showed that the ATP-bound form of SKD1 oligomerizes in solution, whereas ADP-bound and apo forms of SKD1 exist as monomers, even though the conformations of the ADP- and ATP-bound forms are nearly identical. Nucleotide-bound SKD1 structures are compatible with a hexameric ring arrangement reminiscent of the AAA ATPase p97 D1 ring. In the hexameric ring model of SKD1, Arg290 from a neighboring molecule binds to the gamma-phosphate of ATP, which promotes oligomerization of the ATP-bound form. ATP hydrolysis would eliminate this interaction and subsequent nucleotide release causes the domains to rotate, which together lead to the disassembly of the SKD1 oligomer.
Polypeptide composition of bacterial cyclic diguanylic acid-dependent cellulose synthase and the occurrence of immunologically crossreacting proteins in higher plants. (1991)

To comprehend the catalytic and regulatory mechanism of the cyclic diguanylic acid (c-di-GMP)-dependent cellulose synthase of Acetobacter xylinum and its relatedness to similar enzymes in other organisms, the structure of this enzyme was analyzed at the polypeptide level. The enzyme, purified 350-fold by enzyme-product entrapment, contains three major peptides (90, 67, and 54 kDa), which, based on direct photoaffinity and immunochemical labeling and amino acid sequence analysis, are constituents of the native cellulose synthase. Labeling of purified synthase with either [32P]c-di-GMP or [alpha-32P]UDP-glucose indicates that activator- and substrate-specific binding sites are most closely associated with the 67- and 54-kDa peptides, respectively, whereas marginal photolabeling is detected in the 90-kDa peptide. However, antibodies raised against a protein derived from the cellulose synthase structural gene (bcsB) specifically label all three peptides. Further, the N-terminal amino acid sequences determined for the 90- and 67-kDa peptides share a high degree of homology with the amino acid sequence deduced from the gene. We suggest that the structurally related 67- and 54-kDa peptides are fragments proteolytically derived from the 90-kDa peptide encoded by bcsB. The anti-cellulose synthase antibodies crossreact with a similar set of peptides derived from other cellulose-producing microorganisms and plants such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Rhizobium leguminosarum, mung bean, peas, barley, and cotton. The occurrence of such cellulose synthase-like structures in plant species suggests that a common enzymatic mechanism for cellulose biogenesis is employed throughout nature.
BMP1 controls TGFβ1 activation via cleavage of latent TGFβ-binding protein (2006)

Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1), an important regulator of cell behavior, is secreted as a large latent complex (LLC) in which it is bound to its cleaved prodomain (latency-associated peptide [LAP]) and, via LAP, to latent TGFbeta-binding proteins (LTBPs). The latter target LLCs to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1)-like metalloproteinases play key roles in ECM formation, by converting precursors into mature functional proteins, and in morphogenetic patterning, by cleaving the antagonist Chordin to activate BMP2/4. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that BMP1 cleaves LTBP1 at two specific sites, thus liberating LLC from ECM and resulting in consequent activation of TGFbeta1 via cleavage of LAP by non-BMP1-like proteinases. In mouse embryo fibroblasts, LAP cleavage is shown to be predominantly matrix metalloproteinase 2 dependent. TGFbeta1 is a potent inducer of ECM formation and of BMP1 expression. Thus, a role for BMP1-like proteinases in TGFbeta1 activation completes a novel fast-forward loop in vertebrate tissue remodeling.
Wavelength-tunable internally-frequency-doubled Yb-doped fiber laser (2010)

High power continuous-wave (cw) laser sources emitting in the visible spectral region have a diverse range of applications in areas such as laser processing of materials, projection displays, medicine and sensing. Fiber lasers using cladding-pumped architectures can yield very high power in the near-infrared wavelength regime [1], and hence offer the prospect of high power levels in the visible regime via nonlinear frequency conversion. High conversion efficiencies can be achieved using the technique of external resonant cavity second harmonic generation, but this approach is complicated by the need for a single frequency fiber source and by the need for active cavity length stabilisation [2]. In this paper we present a wavelength-tunable visible source based on a cladding-pumped fiber laser with a simple internal resonant enhancement cavity for efficient frequency doubling. The laser yields cw output at power levels &gt;1 W in the wavelength range from 539 nm to 558 nm.
Synthesis, Electrochemistry, and Interactions with β-Cyclodextrin of Dendrimers Containing a Single Ferrocene Subunit Located “Off-Center” (2000)

Two series of dendrimers containing a single ferrocene unit located in the focal point of these macromolecules have been synthesized and characterized. The first series of dendrimers has considerable lipophilic character, with tert-butyl ester groups located in their peripheral regions. In contrast, the second series of dendrimers was obtained by the hydrolysis of these peripheral ester groups, yielding water-soluble dendrimers with carboxylic acid groups in their surfaces. The electrochemical properties of these macromolecules were strongly affected by the dendritic groups attached to the ferrocene subunits. Host-guest interactions between the water-soluble dendrimers and the well-known receptor beta-cyclodextrin were also investigated. The dendritic groups were found to hamper markedly the formation of inclusion complexes between the cyclodextrin receptor and the dendrimer's ferrocene unit.
Pretreatment of Rice Hulls for Cellulase Production by Solid Substrate Fermentation (2007)

Abstract Rice hulls via pretreatment served as a solid substrate for cellulase production. Different pretreatment methods, including microwave irradiation, organosolv process catalyzed by acid or alkali were compared. With rice hulls pretreated by microwave irradiation coupled with alkaline pretreatment and rice hulls pretreated with organosolv process catalyzed with acid or alkali, the maxima of filter paper activity (FPA) obtained during the fermentation were 18%, 21%, 31% higher, and maxima of the carboxy‐methyl cellulase (CMCase) were 7.7%, 14%, 16% higher than those obtained with the rice hulls pretreated only with alkali, respectively. The ratios of cellulose degradation were also estimated and they showed similar tendency with the maxima of FPA detected in the fermentation processes.
EFFECT OF BRINE COMPOSITION ON OIL RECOVERY BY WATERFLOODING (2001)

In this study, the effect of brine composition on oil recovery by waterflooding was experimentally studied. Different compositions of brine were injected in to packed one-dimensional unconsolidated limestone with Garzan crude oil (26° API) and distilled water. Ten different brine compositions, three brine mixtures are prepared and distilled water was used for injection throughout the study. The highest recovery 18.8% higher than distilled water injection) considering all the experiments was obtained by the injection of 2% KCl + 2% NaCl brine mixture.
Optimizing the Design of a Configurable Digital Signal Processor for Accelerated Execution of the 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform (2006)

The advance of mobile electronics technology has produced handheld appliances allowing both wireless voice and data communications. As data communications become increasingly important in mobile computing applications, traditional microprocessors and the accompanying software are increasingly less able to meet the size constraints of these applications while delivering increased performance. One of the most important operations in the realm of digital signal and image processing is the 2-D Discrete Cosine Transform, used to compress both still images and streaming video. The BISON Configurable Digital Signal Processor(BCDSP) architecture detailed here uses multiple memories, few instructions, and a special pipelined floating point arithmetic function core to run on a commercially available Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) board. The results demonstrate that although the clock speed of the FPGA board was 2 orders of magnitude slower than the microprocessor used in this study, the BCDSP implementation was still significantly faster.
Analogues of Phenoxyacetic Acid and the Generation of Calluses from Seeds of Indica Rice (1990)

In a search for callus-inducing compounds for indica rice that are superior in this regard to 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), we tested 13 derivatives of phenoxyacetic acids, namely, mono- and di- chloro-, mononitro- and 4-halogeno-substituted phenoxyacetic acids for their ability to stimulate the induction of calluses from mature seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Chiem chanh). Five analogues of benzoic acid were also tested. The callus-forming ability and the optimal concentration for induction of calluses were differed from compound to compound. The optimal concentration for callus induction of 4-fluorophenoxyacetic acid (4FPA) was relatively high (250 μM), but its callus-forming activity was stronger than that of 2,4-D, even when compared with 2,4-D at its optimal concentration (50 μM). 4FPA-induced calluses retained their regenerative ability for at least 15 months with 9 subcultures, while calluses induced by 2,4-D lost their regenerative ability after 3 subcultures. 4FPA-induced calluses showed higher regenerative ability than did calluses induced by 2,4-D, in almost all of 20 varieties of indica tested, including three indica-japonica hybrids.