gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structures of Sugar Chains of the Third Component of Human Complement (1985)

Human C3, the third component of human complement, contained mannose and N-acetylglucosamine as sugar components. The sugar chains were liberated from the polypeptide chains by hydrazinolysis, and the free amino groups were N-acetylated. The reducing end residues of the sugar chains thus obtained were tagged with 2-aminopyridine, and the pyridylamino (PA-) derivatives of sugar chains were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of purified PA-sugar chains were analyzed by a combination of stepwise exoglycosidase digestions, size determination by paper electrophoresis, methylation analysis, Smith degradation, and partial acetolysis. These results showed that C3 contained two high-mannose type sugar chains ranging from Man5GlcNAc2 to Man9GlcNAc2. Analyses of the sugar chains of alpha- and beta-chains of C3 indicated that the alpha-chain contained mainly Man8GlcNAc2 and Man9GlcNAc2, while the beta-chain contained mainly Man5GlcNAc2 and Man6GlcNAc2.
LCST phase separation in biodegradable polymer blends: poly(D,L-lactide) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (2000)

A lower critical solution temperature (LCST) phase transition is reported for blends of the biodegradable polymers poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). From light scattering measurements the cloud point curve is determined to have a critical temperature of 86°C and a critical concentration of mass fraction 36 wt.-% PCL. Optical microscopy of phase-separated films indicates a spinodal morphology at the critical concentration, and droplet phases at off-critical concentrations. After quenching phase separated blends below the melting temperature of PCL (60°C), the crystallization of PCL is used to positively identify PCL-rich and PDLA-rich phases. When cystallization of PCL follows LCST phase separation, the size, shape, and distribution of crystalline regions can be adjusted by the degree of PCL/PDLA phase separation. Thus, the LCST phase separation offers a novel method to control microphase structure in biodegradable materials. Applications to control of mechanical and physical properties in tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed in light of the results.
3D body scan analysis of dimensional change in lower body measurements for active body positions (2010)

In this study we use 3D scans to measure and analyze lower body measurement change for various active body positions, comparing a standing posture, a 120° knee bend posture, a one pace stepping posture, and a sitting posture with 90° knee bend. Small hemispherical markers identified body landmarks for reliable measurement of the 3D scans. Study participants were 25 females, aged 18 to 24, with hip measurements from 93 cm to 103 cm. We compared the measurements from each posture to a standing posture with feet apart and arms abducted (a modified anthropometric stance commonly used for body scanning). We also tested the reliability of the 3D measurements on active postures. Two types of measurements were compared, 3D scan measurements using virtual tools on the computer screen and traditional manual anthropometric measurements. No significant differences between the two types of measurements were found except for knee height. Selected scan measurements were also repeated three times and found to be reliable. A comparison of scan measurements in the active postures showed significant changes from the standard standing scan posture. The sitting posture showed the most change in measurements. Back center leg length, front center leg length, front waist to hip line depth, front crotch length, back crotch length, knee girth, and hip girth were the items that exhibited the most change in the sitting posture. The measurement of 3D scans provided a reliable and convenient method for comparative measurements between active body positions, which would be impractical to measure using standard anthropometric methods.
Physico‐Mechanical Properties of Biodegradable Starch Nanocomposites (2009)

Abstract Nanocomposites of cassava starch reinforced with waxy starch nanocrystals were prepared. They showed a 380% increase of the rubbery storage modulus (at 50 °C) and a 40% decrease in the water vapor permeability. X‐ray spectra show that the composite was more amorphous than the neat matrix, which was attributed to higher equilibrium water content in the composites. TGA confirmed this result and its thermal derivative suggested the formation of hydrogen bonding between glycerol and the nanocrystals. The reinforcing effect of starch nanocrystals was attributed to strong filler/matrix interactions due to the hydrogen bonding. The decrease of the permeability suggests that the nanocrystals were well dispersed, with few filler/filler interactions. magnified image
Osmolarity, conductivity, buffer capacity, and solubility ofoxygen of plant cell culture media. (1999)

Osmolarity, conductivity, buffer capacity, and solubility of oxygen of twelve commonly used plant tissue
and cell culture media were investigated. Osmolarity and conductivity of different nutrient media showed
con-siderable difference. Buffer capacity of culture medium measured from acid-base titration value indicated
that plant cell culture media had moderate buffer strength. It varied from 82 mole/L of White's medium to
1564 mole/L of Eriksson's medium pH 5.5. Solubility of oxygen in various celt culture media ranged from 7.01
-7.79 mg/L. The present data would be useful in bioprocessing and in the selection of nutrient medium for in
vi-tro culture of plant tissue and cells.
The Synthesis of 1-(2'-Deoxy-α- and -β-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazoles Related to the Naturally Occurring Nucleosides of Vitamin B<sub>12</sub><sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of 1-(2'-Deoxy-α- and -β-D-ribofuranosyl) benzimidazoles Related to the Naturally Occurring Nucleosides of Vitamin B121Christopher P. Whittle and Roland K. RobinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 21, 4940–4944Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00949a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00949a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[Ex vivo expansion of megakaryocyte progenitor cells for CD133(+) cells derived from human umbilical cord blood]. (2008)

To study the expansion potentiality of megakaryocyte progenitor cells (MPCs) derived from human umbilical cord blood CD133(+) (UCB-CD133(+)) cells and determine the optimal harvest time. UCB-CD133(+) cells were purified from mononuclear cells (MNCs) by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) and seeded in serum-free liquid culture medium supplemented with thrombopoietin (TPO), interleukin-3 (IL-3), and stem cell factor (SCF) to expand MPCs. At day 0, 6, 10 and 14 of culture, the total cell number was counted and the dynamic changes of CD133, CD34, and CD41 antigen expression during ex vivo expansion were analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM). At different expansion times, the CD133(+) cells were collected and cultured in collagen semisolid medium to carry out CFU-MK colony culture. The incidence of CFU-MK was calculated and the morphology of MPCs and CFU-MK were detected by immunohistochemistry and Wright-Giemsa staining. The results showed that UCB-CD133(+) cells optimally expanded at day 7 with expansion multiple of 8.2 +/- 2.2 in serum-free liquid culture systems and the total cell number was expanded by 116-fold at day 14. At 10 days, each UCB-CD133(+) cell can form 2.5 +/- 1.0, 2.6 +/- 0.5 and 20.3 +/- 5.9 cells of CD133(+)CD41(+), CD34(+)CD41(+) and CD41(+) respectively, from which the number of CD133(+)CD41(+) and CD34(+)CD41(+) cells reach the highest. UCB-CD133(+) cells both before and after expansion could form CFU-MK, the total number of CFU-MK reached the peak from cells of 10 days expansion of UCB-CD133(+) cells and the expansion multiple of CFU-MK was 59.5 +/- 11.8. Immunohistochemical results indicated that the expanded megakaryocytic cells were immature and no sign of platelet formation. It is concluded that the human UCB-CD133(+) cells have a high ability of MPC expansion, 10 days of culture can be result in optimal expansion effect.
MPEG video coding with temporal scalability (2002)

MPEG video coding standards have found extensive applications in the areas of video storage and transmission. The scalability features of MPEG-2 allow for layered coding, so that a base layer bitstream can be generated to provide a basic quality or basic spatial/temporal resolution output for some applications which are constrained by limited channel rate or display environment. An additional enhancement layer bitstream can be generated to augment the basic layer service to provide higher quality or resolution. We present the basic concept of MPEG-2 temporal scalability and provide some simulation results to indicate the typical figures for image quality loss due to the overhead imposed by temporal scalability. An optimum joint rate control algorithm which allows for dynamic allocation of bits between the base layer and the enhancement layer is proposed and simulated. This joint rate control algorithm codes the two layers together with a fixed total bit rate, while each individual layer is adaptively assigned bits according to scene content to achieve near-equal quality in the two layers. In this scheme, the two individual layers are variable bit rate processes which add together to form a constant bit rate process.
Tachyphylaxis to topical glucocorticoids; what is the evidence? (2013)

Based on available data in literature, there is no clinical trial supporting the concept that topical glucocorticoids lose effectiveness over time, nor that intermittent use of topical glucocorticoids is more effective than continuous use.
Shape Memory Alloy Based Morphing Aerostructures (2010)

In order to continue the current rate of improvements in aircraft performance, aircraft and components which are continuously optimized for all flight conditions, will be needed. Toward this goal morphing-capable, adaptive structures based on shape memory alloy (SMA) technology that enable component and system-level optimization at multiple flight conditions are being developed. This paper reviews five large-scale SMA based technology programs initiated by The Boeing Company. The SAMPSON smart inlet program showed that fully integrated SMA wire bundles could provide a fighter aircraft with a variable engine inlet capability. The reconfigurable rotor blade program demonstrated the ability of highly robust, controlled 55-Nitinol tube actuators to twist a rotor blade in a spin stand test to optimize rotor aerodynamic characteristics. The variable geometry chevron (VGC) program, which was the first use of 60-Nitinol for a major aerospace application, included a flight test and static engine test of the GE90-115B engine fitted with controlled morphing chevrons that reduced noise and increased engine efficiency. The deployable rotor tab employed tube actuators to deploy and retract small fences capable of significantly reducing blade-vortex interaction generated noise on a rotorcraft. Most recently, the variable geometry fan nozzle program has built on the VGC technology to demonstrate improved jet engine performance. Continued maturation of SMA technology is needed in order to develop innovative applications and support their commercialization.
L-Buthionine-Sulfoximine-Mediated Radiosensitization in Experimental Interstitial Radiotherapy of Intracerebral D-54 MG Glioma Xenografts in Athymic Mice (1990)

Abstract An intracranial (i.c.) interstitial radiotherapy model in athymic nude mice bearing i.c. D-54 MG human glioma xenografts was developed, allowing evaluation of the therapeutic benefits seen after L-buthionine-S, R-sulfoximine (L-BSO)-mediated depletion of tumor glutathione levels. Administration of L-BSO [2.5 mmol/kg intraperitoneal injections x 4 doses plus concomitant availability in acidified (pH 3.0) drinking water at a concentration of 20 mM] resulted in depletion of tumor glutathione levels to 0.15 mmol/g wet weight (7.9% of control). The therapeutic activity of i.c. interstitial radiotherapy with an 125I seed was enhanced after L-BSO-mediated glutathione depletion, with increases in median survival of 13.4 to 30.5% over that seen with 125I seeds alone. These studies demonstrate a potential role for BSO in enhancing the therapeutic activity of interstitial radiotherapy.
Targeting the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> transpeptidase Ldt<sub>Mt2</sub> with cysteine-reactive inhibitors including ebselen (2019)

The l,d-transpeptidases (Ldts) are promising antibiotic targets for treating tuberculosis. We report screening of cysteine-reactive inhibitors against LdtMt2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Structural studies on LdtMt2 with potent inhibitor ebselen reveal opening of the benzisoselenazolone ring by a nucleophilic cysteine, forming a complex involving extensive hydrophobic interactions with a substrate-binding loop.
Association of Root‐Knot Nematode Resistance Genes with Simple Sequence Repeat Markers on Two Chromosomes in Cotton (2006)

Breeding for root‐knot nematode (RKN) [ Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White) Chitwood] resistance in cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is hindered by intensive screening procedures. Identification of DNA markers associated with RKN resistance would provide tools for marker‐assisted selection (MAS). The objective of this study was to identify DNA markers associated with RKN resistance and associate these with chromosomes. Parents and an F 2 population from a cross of resistant near isoline (RNIL) × susceptible near isoline (SNIL) were grown in a greenhouse, inoculated with RKN eggs, and scored for gall index, followed by genotyping with simple sequence repeats (SSRs). The source of the resistance was from the Auburn 634 line. Genotype analysis was conducted on 86 F 2 plants with nine polymorphic SSR markers. Additive dominance model analysis showed that Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) SSR markers BNL 3661, 3644, 3545, and 1231 accounted for 21, 19, 12, and 11% of the variation in gall index, respectively. BNL 3661 and 1231 together accounted for 31% of the variation in gall index. BNL 3661 had significant additive and dominant genetic effects of 0.61 and 0.50, respectively. BNL 1231 had significant additive genetic effects of 0.51 and no dominant effects. BNL 3661, 3544, and 3645 were linked and these markers were located on the short arm of chromosome 14. BNL 1231 is located on the long arm of chromosome 11. The association of two different chromosomes with RKN resistance suggests at least two genes are involved in RKN gall score in the cross studied.
Data-Driven and Optimal Denoising of a Signal and Recovery of Its Derivative Using Multiwavelets (2004)

Multiwavelets are relative newcomers into the world of wavelets. Thus, it has not been a surprise that the used methods of denoising are modified universal thresholding procedures developed for uniwavelets. On the other hand, the specific of a multiwavelet discrete transform is that typical errors are not identically distributed and correlated, whereas the theory of the universal thresholding is based on the assumption of identically distributed and independent normal errors. Thus, we suggest an alternative denoising procedure based on the Efromovich-Pinsker algorithm. We show that this procedure is optimal over a wide class of noise distributions. Moreover, together with a new cristina class of biorthogonal multiwavelets, which is introduced in this paper, the procedure implies an optimal method for recovering the derivative of a noisy signal. A Monte Carlo study supports these conclusions.
Design and Evaluation of a Pixelated PSD-capable Scintillator Detector with SiPM Readout (2019)

We present the detector response comparison between a 10x10 pixellated array of scintillator read out with Anger logic using four 2" Hamamatsu R7724-100 super bialkali photomulti- plier tubes (PMT) and a custom Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) board consisting of 100 C-series 6x6 mm SiPMs from SensL. An array of these pixellated detectors are currently used in the Neutron Coded Aperture (NCA) imaging system. The energy, timing and pulse shape discrimination response using both readout schemes are presented, along with an anal- ysis of multiple scatter events occurring within the block. An evaluation of the impact of photodetector readout on the overall detection efficiency and imaging accuracy is presented.
The Design of Bonded Bimaterial Lattices that Combine Low Thermal Expansion with High Stiffness (2011)

In engineered systems where thermal strains and stresses are limiting, the ability to tailor the thermal expansion of the constituent materials independently from other properties is desirable. It is possible to combine two materials and space in such a way that the net coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of the structure is significantly different from the constituents, including the possibility of zero and negative thermal expansion. Bimaterial lattices that combine low, negative, or an otherwise tailored CTE with high stiffness, when carefully designed, have theoretical properties that are unmatched by other known material systems. Of known lattice configurations with tailorable CTE, only one geometry, a pin‐jointed lattice, has been shown to be stretch dominated and thus capable of having stiffness that approaches its theoretical upper bound. A related lattice with bonded joints, more amenable to fabrication, is developed that has a stiffness and CTE similar to the pinned structure. Analytical models for this rigid‐jointed lattice's CTE and stiffness are developed and compared successfully with numerical results. A near space‐filling, negative thermal expansion version of this lattice is devised and fabricated from titanium and aluminum. CTE measurements on this lattice are made and are well predicted by the analytical and numerical models. These insights guide the design of a family of bonded lattices with low areal density, low or negative CTE, and high stiffness to density ratio. Such lattices are shown to have a thermomechanical response that converges on pin‐jointed behavior when the lattice elements are long and slender.
Fabrication of Sol−Gel Materials with Anisotropic Physical Properties by Photo-Cross-Linking (2009)

A method to vary locally the physical properties of a porous material is presented. A wet gel is first prepared following conventional sol−gel techniques. The pore walls are derivatized by adding to the gelling solution a silane carrying a polymerizable moiety such as trimethoxysilylpropyl. The solvent of the wet gel monolith is then exchanged with a solution of a monomer such as styrene and a photoinitiator such as 2,2′-azobis-isobutyronitrile. Illumination with ultraviolet light initiates polymerization which in turn engages the moiety dangling from the pore surfaces. Supercritically dried monoliths were characterized with techniques such as field-emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylmethacrylate atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller surface area measurements. These structural characterization techniques showed that the silica nanoparticles making up the backbone of the monoliths were cross-linked by a polymer conformal coating. Mechanical characterization was carried out with nanoindentation and the three-point flexural method and showed that the properties of uniformly photo-cross-linked monoliths could be varied by varying exposure time. So, for example, the monolith density could be varied between about 0.21 and 0.97 g·cm−3, the porosity between 6 and 87%, and Young’s modulus between 9 and about 1800 MPa. Overall, the characterization techniques show that photo-cross-linked monoliths have physical and mechanical properties comparable and often superior to those of monoliths obtained by thermally initiated cross-linking (see, for example, Leventis, N.; Sotiriou-Leventis, C.; Zhang, G.; Rawashdeh, A.-M. M. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 957−960). More importantly photo-cross-linking allows fabrication of monoliths with anisotropic physical properties. We demonstrate the modulation capabilities of our method by producing transparent and opaque regions within the same monolith and by producing multifunctional two- and three-dimensional patterns.
Magnetic Core–Shell Particles: Preparation of Magnetite Multilayers on Polymer Latex Microspheres (1999)

Colloidal particles with magnetic properties are attractive due to their tunable anisotropic interactions. Here is reported a new class of polystyrene-core magnetite-shell particles produced by the sequential adsorption of nanoparticles and polyelectrolyte, a process that allows the shell thickness and composition to be controlled with nanometer precision. The Figure shows the alignment of the nanocomposite particles in the presence of a magnetic field.
Diversity of pigmentation in cultured human melanocytes is due to differences in the type as well as quantity of melanin (2006)

Cultured human melanocytes differ tremendously in visual pigmentation, and recapitulate the pigmentary phenotype of the donor's skin. This diversity arises from variation in type as well as quantity of melanin produced. Here, we measured contents of eumelanin (EM) and pheomelanin (PM) in 60 primary human melanocyte cultures (51 neonatal and nine adults), and correlated some of these values with the respective activity and protein levels of tyrosinase, and the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) genotype. Melanocytes were classified into four phenotypes (L, L+, D, D+) as depicted by visual pigmentation using light microscopy, and by the pigmentary phenotype of the donor's skin. There were large differences in total melanin (TM) and EM, which increased progressively for L, L+, D and D+ melanocytes. TM content, the sum of EM and PM, showed a good correlation with TM measured spectrophotometrically, and with the activity and protein levels of tyrosinase. Log EM/PM ratio did not correlate with MC1R genotype. We conclude that: (i) EM consistently correlates with the visual phenotype; (ii) lighter melanocytes tend to be more pheomelanic in composition than darker melanocytes; (iii) in adult melanocyte cultures, EM correlates with the ethnic background of the donors (African-American > Indian > Caucasian); and (iv) MC1R loss-of-function mutations do not necessarily alter the phenotype of cultured melanocytes.