gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireframe and Tensegrity DNA Nanostructures (2014)

CONSPECTUS: Not only can triangulated wireframe network and tensegrity design be found in architecture, but it is also essential for the stability and organization of biological matter. Whether the scaffolding material is metal as in Buckminster Fuller's geodesic domes and Kenneth Snelson's floating compression sculptures or proteins like actin or spectrin making up the cytoskeleton of biological cells, wireframe and tensegrity construction can provide great stability while minimizing the material required. Given the mechanical properties of single- and double-stranded DNA, it is not surprising to find many variants of wireframe and tensegrity constructions in the emerging field of DNA nanotechnology, in which structures of almost arbitrary shape can be built with nanometer precision. The success of DNA self-assembly relies on the well-controlled hybridization of complementary DNA strands. Consequently, understanding the fundamental physical properties of these molecules is essential. Many experiments have shown that double-stranded DNA (in its most commonly occurring helical form, the B-form) behaves in a first approximation like a relatively stiff cylindrical beam with a persistence length of many times the length of its building blocks, the base pairs. However, it is harder to assign a persistence length to single-stranded DNA. Here, normally the Kuhn length is given, a measure that describes the length of individual rigid segments in a freely jointed chain. This length is on the order of a few nucleotides. Two immediate and important consequences arise from this high flexibility: single-stranded DNA is almost always present in a coiled conformation, and it behaves, just like all flexible polymers in solution, as an entropic spring. In this Account, we review the relation between the mechanical properties of DNA and design considerations for wireframe and tensegrity structures built from DNA. We illustrate various aspects of the successful evolution of DNA nanotechnology starting with the construction of four-way junctions and then allude to simple geometric objects such as the wireframe cube presented by Nadrian Seeman along with a variety of triangulated wireframe constructions. We examine DNA tensegrity triangles that self-assemble into crystals with sizes of several hundred micrometers as well as prestressed DNA origami tensegrity architecture, which uses single-stranded DNA with its entropic spring behavior as tension bearing components to organize stiff multihelix bundles in three dimensions. Finally, we discuss emerging applications of the aforementioned design principles in diverse fields such as diagnostics, drug delivery, or crystallography. Despite great advances in related research fields like protein and RNA engineering, DNA self-assembly is currently the most accessible technique to organize matter on the nanoscale, and we expect many more exciting applications to emerge.
A 5 MHz, 12 V, 10 A, monolithically integrated two-phase series capacitor buck converter (2016)

This paper presents the first monolithically integrated two-phase series capacitor buck converter. This converter achieves over 60 A/cm3 current density. The series capacitor buck converter topology enables high frequency (HF) operation up to 5 MHz per phase without special magnetics or compound semiconductors. An adaptive constant on-time controller provides fast load transient response and fixed frequency operation in steady state. The series capacitor is precharged before switching and monitored to protect against faults. Experimental results for a 12 V input, 1.2V/10A output application demonstrate higher peak efficiency than a conventional buck converter while operating at 4 times higher switching frequency.
Alternatively Activated Macrophages Regulate Extracellular Levels of the Hormone Placental Lactogen via Receptor-Mediated Uptake and Transcytosis (2008)

Alternatively activated (M2) macrophages regulate immune responses and tissue remodelling. In many tissues including placenta, M2 express stabilin-1, a multidomain protein that exerts a dual role as a scavenger receptor for acetylated low density lipoprotein (acLDL) and SPARC (secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine) and as an intracellular cargo carrier for SI-CLP. Using yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified the developmental hormone placental lactogen (PL) as a novel ligand of stabilin-1. In Chinese hamster ovary-stabilin-1 cells and M2, FACS and confocal microscopy demonstrated that stabilin-1 mediates internalization and endosomal sorting of PL. In M2 macrophages, PL was partially degraded in lysosomes; part of PL escaped degradation and was delivered to novel PL+ storage vesicles lacking endosomal/lysosomal markers. During formation, PL+ vesicles underwent transient interaction with the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Upon placement of PL-loaded M2 into PL-free medium, PL was secreted into the supernatant. Leupeptin, an inhibitor of lysosomal hydrolases, reduced PL degradation, enhanced sorting of PL into the TGN/storage vesicle pathway and increased PL secretion. Thus, processing of PL in M2 macrophages occurs either by the classical lysosomal pathway or by a novel TGN-associated trans-secretory pathway. Macrophages isolated from human placental villi efficiently endocytosed PL-FITC and transported it to the storage vesicles. Our data show that extracellular PL levels are determined by uptake, degradation, storage, and release in M2. During pregnancy PL concentration reaches 10 microg/ml in maternal circulation and stays below 0.5 microg/ml in fetal circulation. We propose that stabilin-1-positive macrophages determine the difference in PL levels between maternal and fetal circulation.
Sub-sampling PLL techniques (2015)

In a classical PLL, the phase detector (PD) and charge pump (CP) noise is multiplied by N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , when referred to the VCO output, due to the divide-by-N in the feedback path. It often dominates the in-band phase noise and limits the achievable PLL jitter·power Figure-Of-Merit (FOM). A sub-sampling PLL uses a PD that sub-samples the high frequency VCO output with the reference clock. The PD and CP noise in this PLL is shown to be not multiplied by N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and greatly attenuated by the high phase detection gain, leading to lower in-band phase noise and better PLL FOM. This article reviews the development of the PLL FOM, the sub-sampling PLL techniques and their applications in recent PLL architectures.
Improvement of the Interfacial Adhesion Between Kevlar Fiber and Resin by Using R-F Plasma (1996)

The interfacial adhesion between fiber and matrix has a significant effect on the overall performance of a composite. The necessity of binding the fibers together in a structural composite creates the need for an enhanced interfacial bond between fibers and matrix. One possibility to change the fiber/matrix bond in composite materials is to modify the surface of the reinforcing fiber. One technology useful for this purpose is plasma treatment. This paper discusses optimizing R-F plasma polymerization of allylamine onto Kevlar 29 and KM2 fibers. The treatment was carried out in two steps. First, the fiber was treated with Argon; second, the fiber was treated by allylamine. A method was found such that, under such optimum treatment conditions, the plasma treatment does not adversely affect the mechanical properties of the fibers. This allows flexibility in the tailoring of interfacial properties to optimize the energy absorption capability of the composities. A method was also found that increases interfacial adhesion between PPTA fiber (Kevlar) filament and the matrix as the thickness of the plasma allylamine coating increases.
Measurement of Bit Leakages in a Functional SRAM (2009)

Abstract A direct bit leakage measurement (DBLM) scheme is proposed and implemented in 8Mb and 32Mb SRAM’s in 45nm and 28nm technologies. It allows, for the first time, direct and nondestructive measurement of various defect induced leakages in each bit in a functional SRAM. It thus enables collection of various defect induced bit leakage data for low-cost and fast failure analysis. It also enables collection of massive bit leakage data for statistical evaluation and location sensitivity assessment.
A reference guide for tree analysis and visualization (2010)

The quantities of data obtained by the new high-throughput technologies, such as microarrays or ChIP-Chip arrays, and the large-scale OMICS-approaches, such as genomics, proteomics and transcriptomics, are becoming vast. Sequencing technologies become cheaper and easier to use and, thus, large-scale evolutionary studies towards the origins of life for all species and their evolution becomes more and more challenging. Databases holding information about how data are related and how they are hierarchically organized expand rapidly. Clustering analysis is becoming more and more difficult to be applied on very large amounts of data since the results of these algorithms cannot be efficiently visualized. Most of the available visualization tools that are able to represent such hierarchies, project data in 2D and are lacking often the necessary user friendliness and interactivity. For example, the current phylogenetic tree visualization tools are not able to display easy to understand large scale trees with more than a few thousand nodes. In this study, we review tools that are currently available for the visualization of biological trees and analysis, mainly developed during the last decade. We describe the uniform and standard computer readable formats to represent tree hierarchies and we comment on the functionality and the limitations of these tools. We also discuss on how these tools can be developed further and should become integrated with various data sources. Here we focus on freely available software that offers to the users various tree-representation methodologies for biological data analysis.
Studies on mechanisms of action of emorfazone. Effects on the release of bradykinin-like substance in thermic edema of rat paws. (1982)

Effects of 4-ethoxy-3-methyl-5-morpholino-3(2H)-pyridazinone (emorfazone, M 73101) on thermic edema in rats were investigated, and following results were obtained: Oral administration of emorfazone (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the edema formation resulting from immersing the rat paws in a water bath maintained at 46.5 degrees C for 30 min. Using the coaxial perfusion technique it was found that in the 15-min period from 15 to 30 min after immersing the highest amount of bradykinin-like substance was obtained, and the release of kininogen, kinin-forming enzyme and kininase was markedly increased. Emorfazone showed a significant inhibitory action against release of bradykinin-like substance and kininogen and a tendency to decrease the release of kinin-forming enzyme. However, emorfazone had no direct effect on the content of kininogen, kinin-forming enzyme and kininase activity in rats plasma. In conclusion, it is suggested that kininogen and kinin-forming enzyme released into the extravascular space may be of importance for the biosynthesis of bradykinin-like substance, and that the inhibitory effect of emorfazone on the release of bradykinin-like substance into the extravascular space may be involved in the mechanism of analgesic and anti-inflammatory action.
The Role of Waves in Causing Submarine Landslides (1970)

Synopsis The effects of ocean waves on the stability of underwater slopes in soft underconsolidated deltaic sediments are examined. The pressure changes on the sea floor, associated with the passage of a wave, are able to cause shear failure in soft sediments in water depths up to about 400 ft. The waves impose an oscillatory motion on the soft sediments which, on sloping ground, leads to a mass transfer of soil down slope. Also the repeated reversals of shear strain in the sediment cause remoulding of the sediment and a reduction in shear strength. Les effets des vagues de I'océan sur la stabilité des pentes sous-marines dans des sediments deltaïques sous consolidés mous sont examinés. Les changements de pression sur les fonds des mers, qui s'associent au passage d'une vague, sont capables de provoquer une rupture par cisaillement dans des sédiments mous dans des profondeurs d'eau allant jusqu' à 130 m. Les vagues imposent un mouvement oscillatoire aux sédiments mous qui, sur un sol en pente, entraîne un transfert de masse de sol vers le bas de la pente. Les renversements répétés de la déformation de cisaillement causent aussi nn remoulage du sédiment et une réduction de la résistance à la rupture au cisaillement.
Co-crystallising two functional complex molecules in a terpyridine embrace lattice (2009)

Two series of solid solutions based on the [Fe(bpp)2][BF4]2 (bpp = 2,6-di(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine) spin-crossover lattice are described. Materials of formula [FeyNi1−y(bpp)2][BF4]2 (0.95 ≥ x ≥ 0.15) are all phase-pure. In contrast, [Fe(bpp)2]x[Ru(terpy)2]1−x[BF4]2 (0.95 ≥ x ≥ 0.28) crystallise as a mixture of the neat [Fe(bpp)2][BF4]2 (space group P21) and [Ru(terpy)2][BF4]2 (Cc) phases as x approaches 0.5, although there is no evidence of segregation of the iron and ruthenium centres between the two. Spin-crossover in [FeyNi1−y(bpp)2][BF4]2 shows a normal variation in T½, ΔH, ΔS and lattice elasticity with decreasing y, for an isomorphously doped material. However, T½ in [Fe(bpp)2]x[Ru(terpy)2]1−x[BF4]2 shows an unusual dependence on x, which decreases slightly for 1.00 ≥ x ≥ 0.57 but increases as x is reduced further. We attribute this anomaly to the change in structure of the solid solutions, from predominantly the P21 lattice when x ≥ 0.47 to the Cc lattice when x = 0.28. The ruthenium centres in those compounds retain their low-temperature fluorescence, albeit with strongly reduced emission intensities. An unusual dependence of ΔH and ΔS for the spin transition in [Fe(bpp)2][BF4]2 on the crystallisation solvent used is also noted.
Structure and Electrical Properties of Lead-Free (Na<sub>0.5</sub>K<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub>-BaTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2004)

(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 with 0–20 mol% BaTiO 3 has been prepared following the conventional mixed oxide process. High-density samples were obtained through the addition of BaTiO 3 into (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 because of an increase in grain size. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that, during sintering, all of the BaTiO 3 diffuses into the lattice of (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 to form a solid solution, in which orthorhombic symmetry changes to tetragonal symmetry at x ≈0.06, and tetragonal symmetry changes to cubic symmetry at x =0.20 or higher. It was found that the samples with a low content of BaTiO 3 exhibit relatively good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. For 0.98(Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 -0.02 BaTiO 3 ceramics, the remanent polarization ( P r ) is 7.5 µC/cm 2 with a coercive field ( E c ) of 12 kV/cm. The piezoelectric constant d 33 reaches 104 pC/N. The electromechanical coupling coefficients of the planar mode k p and the thickness mode k t reach ∼29% and ∼38%, respectively. Our results show that (Na 0.5 K 0.5 )NbO 3 -BaTiO 3 is a good lead-free piezoelectric ceramic.
Texturing Internal Surfaces from a Few Cross Sections (2007)

Abstract We introduce a new appearance‐modeling paradigm for synthesizing the internal structure of a 3D model from photographs of a few cross‐sections of a real object. When the internal surfaces of the 3D model are revealed as it is cut, carved, or simply clipped, we synthesize their texture from the input photographs. Our texture synthesis algorithm is best classified as a morphing technique, which efficiently outputs the texture attributes of each surface point on demand. For determining source points and their weights in the morphing algorithm, we propose an interpolation domain based on BSP trees that naturally resembles planar splitting of real objects. In the context of the interpolation domain, we define efficient warping and morphing operations that allow for real‐time synthesis of textures. Overall, our modeling paradigm, together with its realization through our texture morphing algorithm, allow users to author 3D models that reveal highly realistic internal surfaces in a variety of artistic flavors.
Exercise Limitations in Patients with Pulmonary Diseases (1994)

An adequate analysis of the pathophysiology of the disease and of its ensuing type and degree of limitations is essential for evaluating the abilities for physical performance in patients with pulmonary diseases. Maximal exercise testing is an indispensable diagnostic tool in this respect. In light of moderate obstructive disease (FEV1 > approximately 60% pred), the exercise limitation comes from the cardio-circulatory system and/or peripheral muscle function. A rehabilitation program for these patients can be based on endurance training at high heart rate levels. Patients with a ventilatory limitation (FEV1 < 40%-60% pred.) show a failure of the respiratory pump, resulting in hypercapnia during exercise. Rehabilitation treatment will contain ergonomics, exercises for mobility and agility, breathing exercises with low-frequency breathing, relaxation exercises, and inspiratory muscle training. An oxygen-uptake limitation can be found in patients with a diffusion problem, severe ventilation-perfusion mismatch, or a reduced contact time between blood and alveolar gas. Such problems can often be seen in emphysema, and express themselves as isolated hypoxaemia during exercise. These patients benefit from a program consisting of ergonomics, exercises for mobilising the thoracic wall, low-frequency breathing, and exercising with additional oxygen. Many patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are limited for psychosocial reasons. The dyspnea is a negatively rewarding side effect of exercise in these patients. They tend to avoid all exertion, and thus get into a vicious circle of inactivity, low fitness, and unpleasant sensations during exercise. The inactivity often is also induced by the patient's family, since a 'patient-role' requires a quiet lifestyle.
Seminal Shedding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Human Cytomegalovirus: Evidence for Different Immunologic Controls (1995)

Contact with semen of seropositive men is important for sexual transmission both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 and human cytomegalovirus (CMV), but the factors that determine shedding of either virus in semen are poorly understood. HIV was cultured from 36 (17%) of 215 semen specimens from 56 seropositive men, and CMV was cultured from 42 (30%) of 139 specimens. In logistic regression models, the CD8+ cell count in peripheral blood was the best predictor of HIV shedding in semen. Shedding of HIV was more closely associated with concomitant shedding of CMV than with CD4+ cell count, and antiretroviral therapy had minimal influence on shedding of HIV. In contrast, CD4+ cell count was the best predictor of CMV shedding in semen. Factors that determine shedding of viruses in semen may differ substantially from those that influence virus levels in the systemic immune compartment. Likewise, immunologic factors that determine shedding of HIV appear to differ from those that control shedding of CMV in semen.
Digital spread-spectrum multipath-diversity receiver for indoor communications (2003)

The design and performance measurements of a digital direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) receiver for a wireless indoor communication system are provided. The system operates at a chip rate of 16.368*10/sup 6/ chips/s with a processing gain of 30 dB. A RAKE-structure is used to resolve the time diversity due to multipath propagation. The received signal is despread in eight arms at the baseband using a digital time-integrating correlator. All algorithms for synchronization and data demodulation are implemented as software modules on a general-purpose digital signal processor (DSP). The authors give a derivation of these digital algorithms, a description of the hardware implementation, and results of the first measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the skin associated with chronic limb lymphoedema (1985)

Cutaneous non-Hodgkin's lymphoma developed within a leg affected by chronic lymphoedema. The lymphoedema had followed radiotherapy to bony metastases from a carcinoma of the prostate. Eighteen months after the development of the cutaneous tumours, extracutaneous involvement by the lymphoma became apparent. This is the second report of a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma appearing within a lymphoedematous limb. The possible reasons for such an unusual localization are discussed. Our case report illustrates that cutaneous tumours other than lymphangiosarcomas may localize to a lymphoedematous limb and clinically simulate the Stewart-Treves syndrome.
Measurement of chemically induced cell proliferation in rodent liver and kidney: a comparison of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine and[<sup>3</sup>H]thymidine administered by injection or osmotic pump (1990)

Different labeling methods for quantitating cell proliferation were evaluated in livers and kidneys of control and chemically treated mice and rats. The percentage of cells in S-phase (labeling indices) were compared in tissues of animals given either 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BRDU) or [3H]thymidine. These DNA precursor labels were delivered either by a single i.p. injection 2 h prior to killing the animals or via the s.c. implanted osmotic pump for 3 or 6 days. B6C3F1 mice and male F344 rats were exposed to either a peroxisome proliferator and hepatocarcinogen, Wy-14,643 (WY), in the diet at 0.1% for up to 5 days, or a non-genotoxic mouse liver and male rat kidney carcinogen, 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB), in corn oil by gavage for up to 5 days in mice (600 mg/kg/day) or up to 3 weeks in rats (300 mg/kg/day, 5 days per week). Labeling indices (LIs) in the liver and kidney were similar in BRDU- and [3H]thymidine-labeled mice and rats. Cell proliferation was increased in livers of both species of WY- and DCB-treated animals when compared to controls. After 4 days of chemical treatment with continuous administration of a DNA precursor label during the last 3 days of treatment, LIs in controls, DCB- and WY-treated mouse livers were 0.7, 19 and 17% for BRDU and 0.9, 15 and 13% for [3H]-thymidine respectively. Furthermore, BRDU and [3H]-thymidine labeled the same population of cells as revealed by similar patterns of cell labeling in the livers and kidneys of treated animals. The LI for BRDU- and [3H]thymidine-labeled renal proximal tubular cells was 7.7 and 8.0% respectively, in rats receiving DCB for 4 days and DNA precursor label during the last 3 days of treatment, while the LI for controls was 4.3 and 3.7% respectively. The renal proximal tubular cell LI increased to 11% in BRDU-labeled rats treated with DCB for 3 weeks. LIs in both liver and kidney were greatest in control and treated animals that received the DNA precursor label via osmotic pumps for 6 days, and least in 2 h pulse-labeled animals. However, induction of hepatic LI in treated over control animals was greatest for treated animals labeled for 3 days. These results demonstrate comparable cell labeling of cells in S-phase with either BRDU and [3H]thymidine labeling methods. BRDU presents no radioactive containment problems, and results are obtained more rapidly than [3H]thymidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)