gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of NO<sub>x</sub>Formation Under Gas-Turbine Combustion Conditions (1993)

Abstract Gas turbines offer very high cycle efficiency, exceeding 50% in modern 250 MW-class combined-cycle units for power generation, as well as very low NOv in the lean premixed combustion mode with natural gas fuel. They also account for virtually all commercial aeropropulsion systems, in which case kerosene-based fuel is used. To meet future NOv and CO regulations, a higher level of understanding of turbulence, chemical kinetics and their interactions is required. NOv in particular has become a pacing consideration, although other constraints are present. Selected NOv data obtained at laboratory and machine conditions with gaseous fuel are reviewed here. Although the important chemical reactions cover a wide range in effective Damkohler number, the measure of turbulence-chemistry interactions, it appears that NOv is formed in a distributed zone manner. Equilibrium and superequilibrium effects can broaden the NOv-forming zones beyond the fine scales of turbulence, even in non-premixed flames. Pressure and the structure of the turbulent flowfield have a diminishing effect on NOv emissions in progressively leaner premixed combustion. Generalizations such as these cannot be made for the related problems of CO emissions and combustion-driven pressure oscillations.
An Elongation‐ and Ligation‐Based qPCR Amplification Method for the Radiolabeling‐Free Detection of Locus‐Specific <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>‐Methyladenosine Modification (2018)

The epitranscriptomic mark N<sup>6</sup> -methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup> A) is the most abundant RNA modification in eukaryotic mRNA, but various limitations in currently available m<sup>6</sup> A detection methods have precluded routine identification of m<sup>6</sup> A marks at the single-site level in mRNA transcripts. Herein, we report a single-base elongation- and ligation-based qPCR amplification method (termed "SELECT") that exploits the ability of m<sup>6</sup> A to hinder 1) the single-base elongation activity of DNA polymerases and 2) the nick ligation efficiency of ligases; SELECT employs qPCR for quantitation. Following optimization and validation, SELECT was applied on three highly relevant proof-of-concept cases: determining 1) if a putative m<sup>6</sup> A site is m<sup>6</sup> A-modified in mRNAs and lncRNAs from biological samples, 2) the m<sup>6</sup> A fraction at biological sites, and 3) if a particular m<sup>6</sup> A modification enzyme functions on a specific target site. In summary, the rapid and flexible SELECT method facilitates the identification and verification of m<sup>6</sup> A marks with unprecedented ease.
Studies on blood eosinophils. II. Patients with Löffler's cardiomyopathy. (1976)

Studies were done on blood eosinophils from four patients with raised blood eosinophil counts and heart failure. In three of the patients cardiological studies demonstrated the distinctive endocardial lesions and restrictive cardiomyopathy of Löffler's endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis. The fourth patient died with similar symptoms and signs. In blood films it was found that all four had more than 1 X 10(9) eosinophils per litre which were vacuolated and contained reduced numbers of crystalloid granules which were also shown to have ultrastructural changes. Unlike eosinophils from normal individuals the patients' eosinophils possessed receptors for rabbit IgG-coated erythrocytes and actively phagocytosed erythrocytes coated with rabbit IgG or human C3b. It is concluded that in these patients, a large proportion of the circulating eosinophils had developed characteristics of mature or stimulated eosinophils. This enabled them to respond to soluble substances in the bloodstream by forming endocytic vacuoles which led to degranulation of the crystalloid granules. These studies, taken in conjunction with other recent work in this field, support the concept that the restrictive cardiomyopathy of hypereosinophilic states, including Löffler's endocarditis and endomyocardial fibrosis, is a result of prolonged release of products from degranulated eosinophils while they are in the circulation.
Discussion of "Prediction of top-oil temperature for transformers using neural networks" and closure (2001)

S.A. Ryder comments on the paper by Q. He et al. (see ibid., vol.15, no.4, p.1205-11, 2000). The author asks for more information on transformer cooling, transformer type, in-service top-oil temperature calculation, and applications of the method. The original authors reply to the comments.
Optimizing data migration for cloud-based key-value stores (2012)

As one database offloading strategy, elastic key-value stores are often introduced to speed up the application performance with dynamic scalability. Since the workload is varied, efficient data migration with minimal impact in service is critical for the issue of elasticity and scalability. However, due to the new virtualization technology, real-time and low-latency requirements, data migration within cloud-based key-value stores has to face new challenges: effects of VM interference, and the need to trade off between the two ingredients of migration cost, namely migration time and performance impact. To fulfill these challenges, in this paper we explore a new approach to optimize the data migration. Explicitly, we build two interference-aware models to predict the migration time and performance impact for each migration action using statistical machine learning, and then create a cost model to strike a balance between the two ingredients. Using the load rebalancing scenario as a case study, we have designed one cost-aware migration algorithm that utilizes the cost model to guide the choice of possible migration actions. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach using Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark (YCSB).
Synthesis and characterization of tungsten-incorporated mesoporous molecular sieve MCM-48 by one step (2010)

Tungsten-substituted mesoporous MCM-48 materials are successfully synthesized at 393 K by a one-step co-condensation sol–gel method. The prepared samples with different Si/W ratios are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), diffuse reflectance UV–visible spectroscopy and FT-IR, and the results indicate the presence and good dispersion of tungsten species inside the silica pores, the Si/W ratio is controlled above 28. When the Si/W ratio is less than 28, though no bulk tungsten is detected outside the MCM-48 mesoporous silica, the pore structure order becomes worse.
Generation of Dendritic Cells from Peripheral Blood Adherent Cells in Medium with Human Serum (1998)

Dendritic cells (DC) provide an effective pathway for presenting antigens to T cells, both self-antigens during T-cell development and foreign antigens during immunity. As such, these cells may be promising adjuvants for immunotherapy. Thus, it is important to establish simple and fast method(s) to generate sufficient numbers of human DC in medium free of calf serum so that the cells can be used for both experimental and clinical purposes. In this report, we used peripheral blood adherent cells, without laborious cell purification or depletion, as the starting population and cultured them in medium supplemented with granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-4. Substantial numbers of cells with the phenotypical and functional characteristics of immature DC were obtained in a 7-day culture. We then compared DC cultured in medium supplemented with either fetal calf serum or pooled human ABRh+ serum and found no difference in cell yields and in their ability to stimulate alloreactive T cells or to present soluble antigens to T cells. Irradiated cells were less efficient than non-irradiated cells in antigen presentation and stimulation of T cells. Finally, we have examined DC with or without additional tumour necrosis factor-alpha treatment and found that antigen-pulsed mature cells could as efficiently present antigen to T cells as did immature cells. This method is suitable for the generation of DC in studies of large clinical materials.
Tilings and Patterns. (1988)

Remarkable...It will surely remain the unique reference in this area for many years to come. Roger Penrose , Nature ...an outstanding achievement in mathematical education. Bulletin of The London Mathematical Society I am enormously impressed...Will be the definitive reference on tiling theory for many decades. Not only does the book bring together older results that have not been brought together before, but it contains a wealth of new material...I know of no comparable book. Martin Gardner
Inhibition of microbiological breakdown of Δ<sup>1,4</sup>‐androstadienedione with cyclic compounds (1961)

According to the unanimous statement of several researchers, the A1 Aandrostadienedione produced from various compounds by Fusarium strains undergoes oxidation to Al-dehydrotestololactone.1-6 As shown bv our experiments, this later phase of
Stance control in the chronic spinal cat (1994)

1. A longitudinal study of the control of quiet and perturbed stance was conducted before and for 1 yr after complete spinal transection (T12) in a cat trained to stand on a moveable force platform. 2. With daily training, the spinal cat recovered full weight support and some intermittent control of lateral stability within 1 mo. Within the second month postspinalization, the spinal cat achieved the ability to maintain independent, unassisted stance (no external support or stimulation) for up to 45 s during quiet stance, as well as for 62-97% of the trials of horizontal translations of the support surface. 3. Control of lateral stability in the spinal cat was severely compromised, however, as eventually the spinal cat always lost its balance. Head movements and the tendency for the hindlimbs to initiate stepping movements were more destabilizing than platform translations. 4. Our preliminary results indicate that the recovery of partial lateral stability of the hindquarters in the spinal cat is the product of passive muscle properties and segmental reflexes, which, in isolation can provide only limited balance control in the chronic spinal cat.
Dynamic time wrapping based gesture recognition (2014)

Sign language provides hearing and speech impaired people with an interface to communicate with society. Unfortunately most people do not understand sign language. For this, image processing and pattern recognition can provide with a vital tool to detect and translate sign language into vocal language. This work presents a method for detecting, understanding and translating sign language gestures to vocal language. Microsoft Kinect is the primary tool used to capture video stream of the user. This is achieved by getting skeleton frame from Kinect and then extracting joints of interest. The data obtained are normalized and a linked list of skeleton frame is maintained. The proposed method is capable of successfully detecting all gestures that do not involve finger movements. The proposed system has an accuracy of 91%.
Large guanidinium cation mixed with methylammonium in lead iodide perovskites for 19% efficient solar cells (2017)

Abstract Organic–inorganic lead halide perovskites have shown photovoltaic performances above 20% in a range of solar cell architectures while offering simple and low-cost processability. Despite the multiple ionic compositions that have been reported so far, the presence of organic constituents is an essential element in all of the high-efficiency formulations, with the methylammonium and formamidinium cations being the sole efficient options available to date. In this study, we demonstrate improved material stability after the incorporation of a large organic cation, guanidinium, into the MAPbI 3 crystal structure, which delivers average power conversion efficiencies over 19%, and stabilized performance for 1,000 h under continuous light illumination, a fundamental step within the perovskite field.
Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS–Kaposi sarcoma (1997)

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is the most common tumor associated with HIV-1 infection and develops in nearly 30% of cases. The principal features of this tumor are abnormal vascularization and the proliferation of endothelial cells and spindle (tumor) cells. KS-derived spindle cells induce vascular lesions and display enhanced vascular permeability when inoculated subcutaneously in the nude mouse. This finding suggests that angiogenesis and capillary permeability play a central role in the development and progression of KS. In this study, we show that AIDS-KS cell lines express higher levels of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VGF) than either human umbilical vein endothelial cells or human aortic smooth muscle cells. AIDS-KS cells and primary tumor tissues also expressed high levels of Flt-1 and KDR, the receptors for VEGF, while the normal skin of the same patients did not show any expression. We further demonstrate that VEGF antisense oligonucleotides AS-1 and AS-3 specifically block VEGF mRNA and protein production and inhibit KS cell growth in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, growth of KS cells in nude mice was specifically inhibited by VEGF antisense oligonucleotides. These results show that VEGF is an autocrine growth factor for AIDS-KS cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that VEGF acts as a growth stimulator in a human tumor. Inhibitors of VEGF or its cognate receptors may thus be candidates for therapeutic intervention.
Radioactive Markers in Oil-field Practice (1948)

Abstract This paper describes a method to provide identification of particular depths ina borehole through the use of radioactive markers. The correlation of a marker, placed in the wall of a borehole, with known points of the electrical log andwith the casing collars in the cased hole permits accurate positioning of toolswith respect to a formation, regardless of absolute depth. Such a process isparticularly useful in gun perforation of a casing in a well. Technique andequipment are discussed and illustrated. Examples are given of practicalapplication in the field. Introduction During the past decade the search for petroleum has increased the importance oftesting zones at depths in wells which have become progressively deeper. Thedevelopment of new techniques, such as electrical logging, has permitted theidentification of producing formations which consist of comparatively thinstrata. When thin beds are to be produced at great depths, the problem ofpositioning tools accurately to place the well in production becomesacute. Continuous consideration is being given in the petroleum industry towards theimprovement of depth measurements in a borehole. The accuracy in absolute depthmeasurements, whether made in an open or cased hole, whether determined by a cable or a drill pipe, depends upon a number of factors, such as tension, temperature, and calibration. For example, the effects of tension from the weight of 10,000'Ft of drill pipeand the thermal expansion of this length of pipe, where its average temperaturehas increased 50'F, will produce an elongation as much as 8 ft. The effects ofsuch factors can be minimized through the use of care in depth measurements, the application of corrections based on experience, and continuous calibrationor checking. The fact that different methods and different tools are used to determine thedepths of formations in wells will sometimes give rise to a difference betweenmeasurements. It is evident that an important requirement in a well is theability to locate at will any subsurface point. While absolute depthmeasurements have improved in recent years, it is reassuring to have othermeans to verify, for example, that a casing is perforated at a particular placewith reference to a zone within a formation. Such a check on measurements maybe had by placing a reference marker at a point known with respect to theelectrical log of the borehole. That point is usually chosen to be in proximityto the zone to be perforated. Thus, only short relative depth measurements aremade and any inaccuracy becomes very small and of minor importance. T.P. 2261
Intravenously Transplanted Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Progenitor Cells Engraft Within Brain Capillaries, Preserve Mitochondrial Morphology, and Display Pinocytotic Activity Toward Blood-Brain Barrier Repair in Ischemic Stroke Rats (2017)

Stroke is a life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. Cell therapy has emerged as an experimental stroke treatment. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) impairment is a key pathological manifestation of ischemic stroke, and barrier repair is an innovative target for neurorestoration in stroke. Here, we evaluated via electron microscopy the ability of transplanted human bone marrow endothelial progenitor cells (hBMEPCs) to repair the BBB in adult Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO). β-galactosidase prelabeled hBMEPCs were intravenously transplanted 48 hours post-tMCAO. Ultrastructural analysis of microvessels in nontransplant stroke rats revealed typical BBB pathology. At 5 days post-transplantation with hBMEPCs, stroke rats displayed widespread vascular repair in bilateral striatum and motor cortex, characterized by robust cell engraftment within capillaries. hBMEPC transplanted stroke rats exhibited near normal morphology of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, and astrocytes, without detectable perivascular edema. Near normal morphology of mitochondria was also detected in ECs and perivascular astrocytes from transplanted stroke rats. Equally notable, we observed numerous pinocytic vesicles within engrafted cells. Robust engraftment and intricate functionality of transplanted hBMEPCs likely abrogated stroke-altered vasculature. Preserving mitochondria and augmenting pinocytosis in cell-based therapeutics represent a new neurorestorative mechanism in BBB repair for stroke. Stem Cells 2017;35:1246-1258.
Mitochondrial functions mediate cellulase gene expression in Trichoderma reesei (1995)

We examined the effects of inhibition of mitochondrial functions on the expression of two nuclear genes encoding the extracellular cellobiohydrolase I (cbh1) and endoglucanase I (egl1) of the cellulase system of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei. The cbh1 and egl1 transcripts are repressed at a low oxygen tension, and by glucose at a concentration known to repress mitochondrial respiration. The transcripts are also down-regulated by chemical agents known to dissipate the proton electrochemical gradient of the inner mitochondrial membrane and blocking of the electron-transport chain, such as DNP and KCN, respectively. These results suggest that expression of those transcripts is influenced by the physiological state of the mitochondria. In addition, heterologous gene fusion shows that the sensitivity of the expression of those transcripts to the functional state of the mitochondria is transcriptionally controlled through the 5'-flanking DNA sequence of those genes.
Method of Homomorphic Encryption (2006)

存在 hornomorphic 加密计划基于整数，和可能的操作员的戒指仅仅被限制为增加和增加。在这篇论文，新操作被定义 --- 类似的 Modul。基于类似的 Modul， hornomorphicencryption 计划的号码集合被扩大到实数，并且可能的操作员被扩大到增加，减法，增加和分割。我们的新途径提供一实现的实际方法因为操作员和号码集合的延期。
Nitrobenzyl halides and carbamates as prototype bioreductive alkylating agents (1980)

o-Nitrobenzyl and p-nitrobenzyl alcohols, halides, and N-substituted carbamates were prepared as potential bioreductive alkylating agents, and first half-wave reduction potentials of these compounds were measured by differential pulse polarography. The cytotoxicities of these agents were examined by determining the colony-forming ability of EMT6 tumor cells following exposure to each agent at concentrations of 0.01 to 500 microM for 1 h at 37 degrees C under conditions of normal aeration and chronic hypoxia. The o-nitrobenzyl compounds were significantly more cytotoxic to hypoxic cells than to oxygenated cells. This selective cytotoxicity is hypothesized to result from alkylation following more efficacious bioreductive activation of these compounds by hypoxic cells. Nitrobenzyl compounds with such selective toxicity to hypoxic neoplastic cells may prove to be particularly valuable in combination therapy designed for the treatment of solid tumors.
Effect of Reservoir Fluid Production on Gas Hydrate Phase Boundaries (1998)

Abstract An integrated theoretical and experimental study has been conducted to examine the effect of reservoir fluid production on the hydrate free zone of produced fluids. The paper presents the results of pressure depletion and surface separation of black oil, volatile oil, and gas condensate on the hydrate free zone. The results show that pressure depletion at reservoir temperature has only an insignificant effect on the hydrate free zone of produced fluids, whereas for surface separation, the hydrate free zone of the separated fluids may differ from that of the feed. P. 507
Relating the Physical Properties of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Lipopolysaccharides to Virulence by Atomic Force Microscopy (2010)

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are an important class of macromolecules that are components of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. P. aeruginosa contains two different sugar chains, the homopolymer common antigen (A band) and the heteropolymer O antigen (B band), which impart serospecificity. The characteristics of LPS are generally assessed after isolation rather than in the context of whole bacteria. Here we used atomic force microscopy (AFM) to probe the physical properties of the LPS of P. aeruginosa strain PA103 (serogroup O11) in situ. This strain contains a mixture of long and very long polymers of O antigen, regulated by two different genes. For this analysis, we studied the wild-type strain and four mutants, ΔWzz1 (producing only very long LPS), ΔWzz2 (producing only long LPS), DΔM (with both the wzz1 and wzz2 genes deleted), and Wzy::GM (producing an LPS core oligosaccharide plus one unit of O antigen). Forces of adhesion between the LPS on these strains and the silicon nitride AFM tip were measured, and the Alexander and de Gennes model of steric repulsion between a flat surface and a polymer brush was used to calculate the LPS layer thickness (which we refer to as length), compressibility, and spacing between the individual molecules. LPS chains were longest for the wild-type strain and ΔWzz1, at 170.6 and 212.4 nm, respectively, and these values were not statistically significantly different from one another. Wzy::GM and DΔM have reduced LPS lengths, at 34.6 and 37.7 nm, respectively. Adhesion forces were not correlated with LPS length, but a relationship between adhesion force and bacterial pathogenicity was found in a mouse acute pneumonia model of infection. The adhesion forces with the AFM probe were lower for strains with LPS mutations, suggesting that the wild-type strain is optimized for maximal adhesion. Our research contributes to further understanding of the role of LPS in the adhesion and virulence of P. aeruginosa.
ChemInform Abstract: AN SN2 DEPROTECTION OF SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES WITH A LOW CONCENTRATION OF HYDROFLUORIC ACID IN DIMETHYL SULFIDE: EVIDENCE AND APPLICATION IN PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (1984)

Abstract HF (in niedriger Konzentration) + Dimethylsulfid als schwache organische Base (und gleichzeitiges Nucleophil) in p‐Kresol bzw. p‐Kresol/p‐Thiokresol ist ein vorteilhaftes Deblockierungsreagenz, das den in hohen HF‐Konzentrationen vorherrschenden SN 1 ‐ zu einem SN 2 ‐Mechanismus ändert und dadurch unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen ( ;z.B. Alkylierung) vermindert.