gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SCID/NCr Mice Naturally Infected with <i>Helicobacter hepaticus</i> Develop Progressive Hepatitis, Proliferative Typhlitis, and Colitis (1998)

ABSTRACT Hepatitis, proliferative typhlitis, and colitis were characterized in young adult and older SCID/NCr mice naturally infected with Helicobacter hepaticus . Liver lesions consisted of Kupffer, Ito, and oval cell hyperplasia along with multifocal to coalescing coagulative hepatocyte necrosis. Numerous Warthin-Starry-positive bacteria were observed in the parenchyma, and there were minimal to mild accumulations of monocytic cells and neutrophils. Proliferative typhlitis was characterized by moderate to marked mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia with mild monocytic and neutrophilic infiltration. Minimal to mild colitis with mucosal epithelial cell hyperplasia of the colon was most marked in older mice. Comparable gastrointestinal lesions were not observed in uninfected control SCID/NCr mice. H. hepaticus was cultured from fetal viscera of 2 of 11 pups sampled late in gestation from infected SCID/NCr females, suggesting transplacental infection of H. hepaticus . As expected, most of the naturally infected SCID/NCr mice had no serum immunoglobulin G response against H. hepaticus . These findings contrast with those in infected immunocompetent A/JCr mice, which develop a significant immune response to H. hepaticus associated with prominent multifocal mononuclear cell infiltrates in the liver, with only rare bacteria observable at the periphery of inflammatory foci or in the biliary canaliculi. The results demonstrate that chronic inflammatory and proliferative lesions simultaneously affecting the liver, cecum, and colon are associated with natural infection of SCID/NCr mice with H. hepaticus and that lesions are progressive with age. Concurrent infection with H. hepaticus may confound studies that have been attributed to similar lesions due to other experimental manipulations of SCID/NCr mice.
An exploratory Investigation of new product forecasting practices (2002)

To guide new product forecasting efforts, the following study offers preliminary data on new product forecasting practices during the commercialization stage (prelaunch and launch stage). Data on department responsibility for and involvement in the new product forecasting process, technique usage, forecast accuracy, and forecast time horizon across different types of new products are reported. Comparisons of new product forecasting practices for consumer firms versus industrial firms are also reported. Overall, study results show that the marketing department is predominantly responsible for the new product forecasting effort, there is a preference to employ judgmental forecasting techniques, forecast accuracy is 58% on average across the different types of new products, and two to four forecasting techniques are typically employed during the new product forecasting effort. Compared to consumer firms, industrial firms appear to have longer forecast time horizons and rely more on the sales force for new product forecasting. Additional analyses show that there does not appear to be a general relationship between a particular department's involvement and higher forecast accuracy or greater satisfaction, nor does it appear that use of a particular technique relates to higher forecast accuracy and greater satisfaction. Countering previous research findings, the number of forecasting techniques employed also does not appear to correlate to higher forecasting accuracy or greater satisfaction. Managerial and research implications are discussed.
The fate of self-reactive B cells depends primarily on the degree of antigen receptor engagement and availability of T cell help. (1996)

Self-reactive B cells from tolerant double-transgenic (Dbl-Tg) mice coexpressing hen egg lysozyme (HEL) and rearranged anti-HEL immunoglobulin genes have a relatively short life span when compared to normal B cells, irrespective of whether they are exposed to antigen in multivalent membrane-bound form (mHEL-Dbl-Tg mice) or soluble form (sHEL-Dbl-Tg mice). The factors responsible for determining the fate of these B cells after encounter with self-antigen were investigated using a cell-tracking technique in which anti-HEL Ig-Tg spleen cells were labeled with the intracellular dye 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate-succinimidyl ester (CFSE) and injected either into non-Tg recipients or a variety of HEL-Tg hosts. In non-Tg recipients, HEL-binding B cells persisted in the circulation and could be detected in the follicles of the spleen for at least 5 d. On transfer into either mHEL-Tg or sHEL-Tg hosts, they underwent activation and then rapidly disappeared from the blood and spleen over the next 3 d, consistent with the short life span reported previously. Immunohistology of spleens from sHEL-Tg recipients indicated that the transferred B cells had migrated to the outer margins of the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS), where they were detectable for 24 h before being lost. The positioning of B cells in the outer PALS depended on a critical threshold of Ig receptor binding corresponding to a serum HEL concentration between 0.5 and 15 ng/ml, but was not restricted to endogenously expressed HEL in that the same migratory pattern was observed after transfer into non-Tg recipients given exogenous (foreign) HEL. Moreover, bone marrow-derived immature Ig-Tg B cells homed to the outer PALS of sHEL-Tg mice and then disappeared at the same rate as mature B cells, indicating that the stage of maturation did not influence the fate of self-reactive B cells in a tolerant environment. On the other hand, HEL-binding B cells transferred into sHEL-Dbl-Tg recipients persisted over the 3-d period of study, apparently due to insufficient availability of antigen, as indicated by the fact that the degree of Ig receptor downregulation on the transferred B cells was much less than in sHEL-Tg recipients. If T cell help was provided to Ig-Tg B cells at the time of transfer into sHEL-Tg recipients in the form of preactivated CD4+ T cells specific for major histocompatibility complex-peptide complexes on the B cell surface, HEL-binding B cells migrated through the outer PALS of the spleen to the follicle, where they formed germinal centers, or to adjacent red pulp, where they formed proliferative foci and secreted significant amounts of anti-HEL antibody. Taken together, these results indicated that the outcome of the interaction between self-antigen and B cells is largely determined by a combination of the degree of receptor engagement and availability of T cell help.
The soul of Proust under socialism (1997)

Waterborne epoxy (WEP) coatings with enhanced corrosion resistance were prepared using graphene oxide (GO) that was obtained from kish graphite, and amino-functionalized graphene oxide (AGO) was modified by 2-aminomalonamide. The structural characteristics of the GO and AGO were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). And the anti-corrosive performance of waterborne epoxy-cased composite coatings with different addition amounts of AGO was investigated using electrochemical measurements, pull-off adhesion tests, and salt spray tests. The results indicate that AGO15/WEP with 0.15 wt.% of AGO has the best anti-corrosive performance, and the lowest frequency impedance modulus increased from 1.03 × 10<sup>8</sup> to 1.63 × 10<sup>10</sup> ohm·cm<sup>-2</sup> compared to that of WEP. Furthermore, AGO15/WEP also demonstrates the minimal corrosion products or bubbles in the salt spray test for 200 h, affirming its exceptional long-term corrosion protection capability.
Antennas for Modern Small Satellites (2009)

Modern small satellites (MSS) are revolutionizing the space industry. They can drastically reduce the mission cost, and can make access to space more affordable. The relationship between a modern small satellite and a ldquoconventionalrdquo large satellite is similar to that between a modern compact laptop and a ldquoconventionalrdquo work-station computer. This paper gives an overview of antenna technologies for applications in modern small satellites. First, an introduction to modern small satellites and their structures is presented. This is followed by a description of technical challenges in the antenna designs for modern small satellites, and the interactions between the antenna and modern small satellites. Specific antennas developed for modern small-satellite applications are then explained and discussed. The future development and a conclusion are presented.
NLRP6 Protects Il10 Mice from Colitis by Limiting Colonization of Akkermansia muciniphila (2017)

Dysfunction in host immune responses and pathologic alterations in the gut microbiota, referred to as dysbiosis, can both contribute to the development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, it remains unclear how specific changes in host immunity or the microbiota cause disease. We previously demonstrated that the loss of the innate immune receptor NLRP6 in mice resulted in impaired production of interleukin-18 (IL-18) and increased susceptibility to epithelial-induced injury. Here, we show that NLRP6 is important for suppressing the development of spontaneous colitis in the Il10<sup>-/-</sup> mice model of IBD and that NLRP6 deficiency results in the enrichment of Akkermansia muciniphila. A. muciniphila was sufficient for promoting intestinal inflammation in both specific-pathogen-free and germ-free Il10<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Our results demonstrate that A. muciniphila can act as a pathobiont to promote colitis in a genetically susceptible host and that NLRP6 is a key regulator of its abundance.
Studies on a purified human lung tumor-associated antigen. (1982)

A human lung tumor-associated antigen has been identified by Ouchterlony analysis in 86% of lung tumor extracts of all histologic types. It was not detected by this method in extracts of normal adult or fetal lung, 12/13 other tumors, normal tissues or in normal serum. The antigen was purified from the extract of an undifferentiated small cell lung carcinoma by DEAE-cellulose. Sephadex G-200, and antibody affinity chromatography. The purified antigen exhibited size and charge heterogeneity, yet all isolated forms produced precipitin lines of identity with each other, as well as with an extract of an unrelated squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The major form had a Mr of 150 000 by gel filtration and 81 700 by detergent gel electrophoresis. By radioimmunoassay, elevated levels of antigen were detected in 0/15 normal sera, 7/13 stage I and 12/15 stage III lung cancer sera. The urine of a different patient with a small cell lung carcinoma contained a related antigenic activity, but the major component was 30 000-50 000 daltons. The antigen has also been detected in extracts of a continuous cell line from a large cell carcinoma of the lung (ChaGo). The antigen is being evaluated for its usefulness as a lung tumor marker.
Fast Quantum Efficiency Measurement and Characterization of Different Thin Film Solar Cells by Fourier Transform Photocurrent Spectroscopy (2006)

Fourier-transform Photocurrent Spectroscopy (FTPS) was introduced four years ago [1] as a method for fast and very sensitive evaluation of the spectral dependence of the optical absorption coefficient of photoconductive thin films and recently also for the quality assessment of thin film silicon solar cells [2]. In this contribution we refer about the FTPS characterization of different thin film solar cells (amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, micromorph tandem, polymer solar cells) with the main target of a fast quantum efficiency (QE) measurement. Further, we study the possibility of the FTPS-QE measurement of single cell incorporated in the solar module when only the module terminals can be used for contacting. The FTPS measurement has proved to be very fast (time scale of seconds), enabling a quick verification of quantum efficiency and subgap absorption measurement of absorber of different thin film solar cells
Area optimization of cryptographic algorithm on less dense reconfigurable platform (2014)

Reconfigurable computing has grown to become a large and important field of research. Implementing network security algorithms on reconfigurable platform provides major benefits over VLSI and software platforms since they offers high speed similar to VLSI and high flexibility similar to software platforms. The paper presents efficient implementation of DES algorithm on XC25200 FPGA. The synthesis result shows that with this kind of implementation only 2118 slices and 97 number of bonded IOBs are utilized as compared to 2151 slices and 186 number of bonded IOBs with normal implementation.
A pharmacokinetic interaction between cimetidine or ranitidine and lornoxicam (1993)

Cimetidine 400 mg twice daily significantly increased serum concentrations and reduced apparent oral clearance of lornoxicam 8 mg twice daily in 12 healthy volunteers. Ranitidine 150 mg twice daily produced no significant changes in lornoxicam pharmacokinetics.
Characterization of Self-Assembled Alkanethiol Monolayers on Silver and Gold Using Surface Plasmon Spectroscopy (1997)

We report the surface plasmon study on a variety of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of n-alkanethiols, HS(CH2)nCH3 (n = 11, 13, 15, 17, 19), absorbed to silver and gold surfaces, in terms of thicknesses, indices, and tilt-angles. We have found that the refractive indices for the alkanethiols attached to Ag increase gradually as alkyl chain length increases. Likewise, the refractive indices for Au increase gradually to an alkyl chain length of n = 17, at which point its refractive index decreases slightly. The indices vary from a low value of 1.33 to 1.44. This gradual increase in index is not unexpected since it suggests that differences in packing and consequent bulk polarizability, χ(1), is affected by alkyl chain length. A molecular modeling minimized n-alkanethiol length and its corresponding experimental surface plasmon thickness were used to determine the tilt-angle for each of the various alkanethiols via a projection analysis. We found that the tilt-angles of the n-alkanethiols attached to Ag begin to increase from 0° starting with n = 15; however, the tilts on Au have an average of ∼41°, seemingly independent of carbon chain length.
Differential Effects of 670 and 830 nm Red near Infrared Irradiation Therapy: A Comparative Study of Optic Nerve Injury, Retinal Degeneration, Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injury (2014)

Red/near-infrared irradiation therapy (R/NIR-IT) delivered by laser or light-emitting diode (LED) has improved functional outcomes in a range of CNS injuries. However, translation of R/NIR-IT to the clinic for treatment of neurotrauma has been hampered by lack of comparative information regarding the degree of penetration of the delivered irradiation to the injury site and the optimal treatment parameters for different CNS injuries. We compared the treatment efficacy of R/NIR-IT at 670 nm and 830 nm, provided by narrow-band LED arrays adjusted to produce equal irradiance, in four in vivo rat models of CNS injury: partial optic nerve transection, light-induced retinal degeneration, traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). The number of photons of 670 nm or 830 nm light reaching the SCI injury site was 6.6% and 11.3% of emitted light respectively. Treatment of rats with 670 nm R/NIR-IT following partial optic nerve transection significantly increased the number of visual responses at 7 days after injury (P ≤ 0.05); 830 nm R/NIR-IT was partially effective. 670 nm R/NIR-IT also significantly reduced reactive species and both 670 nm and 830 nm R/NIR-IT reduced hydroxynonenal immunoreactivity (P ≤ 0.05) in this model. Pre-treatment of light-induced retinal degeneration with 670 nm R/NIR-IT significantly reduced the number of Tunel+ cells and 8-hydroxyguanosine immunoreactivity (P ≤ 0.05); outcomes in 830 nm R/NIR-IT treated animals were not significantly different to controls. Treatment of fluid-percussion TBI with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in improvements in motor or sensory function or lesion size at 7 days (P>0.05). Similarly, treatment of contusive SCI with 670 nm or 830 nm R/NIR-IT did not result in significant improvements in functional recovery or reduced cyst size at 28 days (P>0.05). Outcomes from this comparative study indicate that it will be necessary to optimise delivery devices, wavelength, intensity and duration of R/NIR-IT individually for different CNS injury types.
Pathology of Intrauterine Growth Retardation (1989)

Uteroplacental vasculature is described and resultant placental pathology in intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) discussed. The historical basis for suggesting an immunological role in IUGR is reviewed. Recent developments in cytogenetic studies that may have relevance in the IUGR are presented.
ORAL WORK AS A PREREQUISITE TO READING* (1931)

Author's Summary.— Speech precedes reading and always accompanies it; here we find one justification for the aural‐oral approach to language study. Reading ability may well be allowed to develop more rapidly than aural‐oral powers, but both should be developing simultaneously.
Janus Hybramers: Self-Adapting Amphiphilic Hyperbranched Polymers (2012)

Janus structures have attracted a great deal of interest because of their fascinating properties and potential for applications. In this study, we demonstrate that hyperbranched polymers, bearing randomly placed docosyl (C22 alkyl segment) and PEG segments on their periphery, can readily reconfigure so as to segregate the alkyl and PEG segments, thereby generating Janus-type structures that we have termed Janus hybramers. DSC studies clearly reveal an endothermic transition that corresponds to the melting of the docosyl domains, while Langmuir isotherms demonstrate that these polymers form stable monolayers that appear to undergo a slight densification beyond a critical surface pressure; this suggested possible crystallization of the docosyl segments at the air–water interface. AFM studies of the transferred monolayers reveal various interesting aggregate morphologies at different surface pressures suggestive of island formation at the air–water interface; at the same time they also provided an estimate of the monolayer thickness. These Janus HBPs also form vesicles as evident from TEM and AFM studies; the AFM height of the deposited vesicles, as expected, was roughly 4 times that of the monolayer. SAXS studies revealed the formation of lamellar structures; the interlamellar spacing was largest when the relative mole fractions of docosyl and PEG segments were similar, but the spacing decreased when the mole fraction of either of these peripheral segments is substantially smaller; this suggested the possible presence of interdigitation within the domains of the minor component.
Restricted structure adaptive predictive control of nonlinear systems (2003)

The application of novel adaptive predictive optimal controllers of low order, that involve a multi-step cost index and future set-point knowledge, is considered. A non-linear system is assumed to be represented by multiple linear discrete-time state-space models, where n of these models are linearisations of the underlying non-linear system at an operating point, determined off-line. At each sample instant an extra model is identified on-line. The optimisation is performed across this range of n+1 models to produce a single low order controller.
Highly <i>k‐t</i>‐space–accelerated phase‐contrast MRI (2008)

The purpose of this study was to combine a recently introduced spatiotemporal parallel imaging technique, PEAK-GRAPPA (parallel MRI with extended and averaged generalized autocalibrating partially parallel acquisition), with two-dimensional (2D) cine phase-contrast velocity mapping. Phase-contrast MRI was applied to measure the blood flow in the thoracic aorta and the myocardial motion of the left ventricle. To evaluate the performance of different reconstruction methods, fully acquired k-space data sets were used to compare conventional parallel imaging using GRAPPA with reduction factors of R = 2-6 and PEAK-GRAPPA as well as sliding window reconstruction with reduction factors R = 2-12 (net acceleration factors up to 5.2). PEAK-GRAPPA reconstruction resulted in improved image quality with considerably reduced artifacts, which was also supported by error analysis. To analyze potential blurring or low-pass filtering effects of spatiotemporal PEAK-GRAPPA, the velocity time courses of aortic flow and myocardial tissue motion were evaluated and compared with conventional image reconstructions. Quantitative comparisons of blood flow velocities and pixel-wise correlation analysis of velocities highlight the potential of PEAK-GRAPPA for highly accelerated dynamic phase-contrast velocity mapping.
Neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis (2014)

We were unable to identify any randomised controlled trials or quasi-randomised controlled trials on the efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors for the treatment of influenza infection in people with cystic fibrosis. The absence of high level evidence for the effectiveness of these interventions emphasises the need for well-designed, adequately powered, randomised controlled clinical trials.
Assessment of tricuspid valve annulus size, shape and function using real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (2006)

Tricuspid annulus (TA) evaluation continues to be a major problem in the surgical decision-making process. Obviously, 2-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D TTE) is limited in TA visualization due to its complex 3D shape. The study aimed to determine TA morphology, size and function with real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) in 40 patients divided into two equal groups (I: normal TA and II: dilated). 2D TTE measurements included TA diameter (TAD) at apical 4-chamber (AP4CH) and parasternal short axis (PSAX) views. RT3DE measurements included TA area (TAA), major TAD and minor TAD. TA fractional shortening (TAFS), and TA fractional area change (TAFAC) were calculated from end-systolic and end-diastolic measurements. RT3DE allowed visualization and measurement of the entire oval-shaped TA in all patients irrespective of its size (normal or dilated). 2D TTE measurement of TAD at both AP4CH and at PSAX views was significantly smaller than the major TAD measured by RT3DE (P<0.0001) and nearly matched with the minor TAD in all patients. Calculation of TAFS was comparable with both techniques. TAFAC was significantly higher than TAFS (P<0.0001). So, RT3DE could be relied on more accurately than 2D TTE in the assessment of TA size and function which may aid in decision-making and selection of proper surgical procedure when indicated.