gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influencing the decline of lung function in COPD: use of pharmacotherapy (2010)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common and deadly disease. One of the hallmarks of COPD is an accelerated decline in lung function, as measured by spirometry. Inflammation, oxidative stress and other pathways are hypothesized to be important in this deterioration. Because progressive airflow obstruction is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality, a major goal of COPD treatment has been to slow or prevent the accelerated decline in lung function. Until recently, the only known effective intervention was smoking cessation. However, newly reported large clinical trials have shown that commonly used medications may help slow the rate of lung function decline. The effect of these medications is modest (and thus required such large, expensive trials) and to be of clinical benefit, therapy would likely need to start early in the course of disease and be prolonged. Such a treatment strategy aimed at preservation of lung function would need to be balanced against the side effects and costs of prolonged therapy. A variety of newer classes of medications may help target other pathophysiologically important pathways, and could be used in the future to prevent lung function decline in COPD.
Architectural Terra-cottas from Two Temples at Falerii Veteres (1916)

The following paper is based on notes and studies made in the session 1914–15 during my tenure of the Gilchrist Studentship at the British School at Rome. It is a first, though necessarily incomplete, attempt to reconstruct out of the fragments preserved at the Museo di Villa Giulia the picture of one at least of the temples that were once the glory of Falerii. I have to thank Dr. Ashby, Director of the British School in Rome, for his guidance in questions of the topography of Falerii, and Mrs. Arthur Strong, Assistant Director, for drawing my attention in the first instance to the subject of terra-cottas, and for the help and encouragement she has all along given to this paper.
A 4.15 kV 9.07-m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/ 4H-SiC Schottky-barrier diode using Mo contact annealed at high temperature (2005)

In this letter, we report the fabrication of high-voltage and low-loss 4H-SiC Schottky-barrier diodes (SBDs) with a performance close to the theoretical limit using a Mo contact annealed at high-temperature. High-temperature annealing for the Mo contact was found to be effective in controlling the Schottky-barrier height at 1.2-1.3 eV without degradation of n-factor and reverse characteristics. We successfully obtained a 1-mm/sup 2/ Mo-4H-SiC SBD with a breakdown voltage (V/sub b/) of 4.15 kV and a specific on resistance (R/sub on/) of 9.07 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/, achieving a best V/sub b//sup 2//R/sub on/ value of 1898 MW/cm/sup 2/. We also obtained a 9-mm/sup 2/ Mo-4H-SiC SBD with V/sub b/ of 4.40 kV and R/sub on/ of 12.20 m/spl Omega//spl middot/cm/sup 2/.
New Steroidal Alkaloids from <i>Sarcococca saligna</i> (2000)

Five new pregnane-type steroidal alkaloids (1-5) have been isolated from Sarcococca saligna. A combination of UV, IR, MS, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic studies established their structures as salignarine A [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-4beta-acetoxy-5alpha, 6alpha-epoxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino)pregnane ] (1), salignarine B [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino) -pregn-5- ene] (2), salignarine C [(20S)-2beta-hydroxy-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(senecioylamino++ +)-pregn- 5-ene] (3), salignarine D [(20S)-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(senecioylamino)-5alpha-preg n-16-ene] (4), and salignarine E [(20S)-20-(dimethylamino)-3beta-(tigloylamino)-pregn-4-ene] (5), respectively.
An Evaluation of Local Heating as a Means of Fuel Evaporation for Gasoline Engines (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The technique of evaporating fuel by localized heating before entering the intake manifold is evaluated as a means of improving A/F ratio control. Techniques currently in use are briefly discussed, and attempts to analyze fuel evaporation in S.I. engines are reviewed. A test fixture which includes all the essential features of production feasible hardware is used to develop a basis of understanding for the evaporation process. Tests are conducted on a flow bench using water as “fuel”, and on an engine using isooctane and gasoline. A heat-mass transfer analogy is described and used to predict evaporation rates for water and isooctane. Predicted and measured rates are compared for both bench and engine tests. Engine tests with gasoline show the ability of the test configuration to evaporate all part throttle fuel flow before it enters the intake manifold. Results are presented which show the ability of local heating to reduce A/F excursions on the 1.6 Liter engine by 80% over the ambient temperature range of 0°F to 70°F. Results showing the elimination of cylinder to cylinder A/F maldistribution are presented, and recommended operating temperatures and heat inputs for engine operation are also presented.</div>
Multiple Genetic Loci Influence Serum Urate Levels and Their Relationship With Gout and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors (2010)

The genetic urate score analysis suggested a causal relationship between serum urate and gout but did not provide evidence for one between serum urate and cardiovascular risk factors and CHD.
Nonlinear adaptive blind interference cancellation for DS-CDMA systems (2002)

We propose a multistage nonlinear blind interference cancellation (MS-NL-BIC) receiver for direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems. The receiver uses higher order statistics of the received baseband signal. Specifically, we use the second and fourth moments of the received signal to determine a component of the received vector that has significant mean energy and low variability of the energy which are favorable characteristics for application in an interference cancellation scheme that uses hard decisions. The structure of the receiver is multidimensional and can be viewed as a matrix of receivers. Each row in the matrix consists of receivers that perform (hard decisions) cancellation of successive components that have significant mean energy and low variability of the energy. The columns of the matrix essentially resemble multistage receivers that iteratively refine performance from earlier stages. Simulation results show that unlike linear receivers, the MS-NL-BIC is exceptionally efficient in systems with strong and highly correlated interferers, as may be the case in overloaded DS-CDMA systems.
<title>Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy with chalcogenide bitapered fibers</title> (1992)

It is shown that bi-tapering of a chalcogenide fiber results in a substantial increase in the number of reflections from the fiber boundary. Furthermore the average angle of incidence is closer to the critical angle. As a result the ATR absorption increases substantially when bi- tapered fibers, as compared to straight ones, are used. Hence higher sensing demands may be answered by bi-tapered fiber probes.
SCADIS: A Scalable Accelerator for Data-Intensive String Set Matching on FPGAs (2016)

String matching has become essential and widely applied in modern computer applications, especially with explosive data scale. As a classic fast and exact single pattern matching algorithm, Knuth-Morris-Pratt (KMP) algorithm has been demonstrated in network security and computational biology. However, with the increasing amount of data in the modern society, it becomes increasing important and essential to provide High-performance implementation of KMP algorithm. In this paper, we implement a scalable KMP accelerator based on FPGA. The accelerator is composed of different computing units to achieve a pipelined organization for higher throughput with satisfying scalability. A novel programming model is provided to alleviate the burden of the high-level programmers. Experimental results on the state-of-the-art Xilinx FPGA hardware prototype show that our accelerator can achieve up to a promising speedup with insignificant hardware cost and power consumption.
Out-Of-Order Events Processing (2016)

Radio Frequency Identification technologies has entered the healthcare domain because of its enhanced functionality, low cost, high accuracy and easy to use capacities. However, network latencies and machine failure may cause events to arrive out-of-order at the event processing engine. Hence, imperfections in event delivery are due to incoherences and failure between different sensors or machines.
Quantifying hazardous microwave fields : (1970)

The National Bureau of Standards ' was established by an act of Congress March 3, 1901 . Today, in addition to serving as the Nation's central measurement laboratory, the Bureau is a principal focal point in the Federal Government for assuring maximum application of the physical and engineering sciences to the advancement of technology in industry and commerce. To this end the Bureau conducts research and provides central national services in four broad program areas. These are: (1) basic measurements and standards, (2) materials measurements and standards, (3) technological measurements and standards, and (4) transfer of technology.
The multidimensional torus: analysis of average hop distance and application as a multihop lightwave network (2002)

The torus network, whose two-dimensional version is often referred to as the Manhattan Street Network (MSN), has received significant attention in the literature. Analysis of the hop distance properties for this network when its links are bidirectional is straightforward. However, the analysis of this network with unidirectional links is more complex, and the literature only provides the mean hop distance for the unidirectional version when the nodal degree is two. The authors provide a closed-form, analytical formula for the average hop distance in a three-dimensional torus network with unidirectional links, and hypothesize an approximate result for higher dimensions. The importance of this work stems from the fact that the torus is a useful candidate for the construction of an optical network with a multihop virtual topology based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM). So far, it has not been possible to conduct fair comparisons between the torus and other multihop topologies with nodal degree greater than two, but the present work will now enable such comparisons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
3D+2D Face Localization Using Boosting in Multi-Modal Feature Space (2006)

Facial feature extraction is important in many face-related applications, such as face alignment for recognition. Recently, boosting-based methods have led to the state-of-the-art face detection and localization systems. In this paper, we propose a multi-modal boosting algorithm to integrate 3D (range) and 2D (intensity) information provided from a facial scan to detect the face and feature point (nose tip, eyes center). Given a face scan, Gauss and mean curvature are calculated. Face, nose and eyes detectors are trained in color images and curvature maps features space using AdaBoost. As a result, a fully automatic multi-modal face location system is developed. The performance evaluation is conducted for the proposed feature extraction algorithm on a publicly available data-base, containing 4007 facial scans of 466 subjects
Psychopharmacological and Other Treatments in Preschool Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Current Evidence and Practice (2008)

The current level of evidence for adequacy of empirical data to inform clinical practice for short-term treatment of ADHD in preschool children is Level A for methylphenidate and Level B for parent behavior training, child training, and additive-free elimination diet.
Uncovering Molecular Mechanisms of Electrowetting and Saturation with Simulations (2012)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to explore the physical mechanisms of electrowetting and the limits of continuum theories. Nanoscale drops exhibit the same behavior seen in macroscopic experiments: The contact angle θ follows continuum theory at low voltages and then saturates. Saturation limits applications of electrowetting and its origin is of great interest. In the simulations, saturation occurs when ions are pulled from the drop by large local fields. Saturation can be controlled by changing temperature, screening, or the energy binding ions to the fluid. We show a local force balance equation for θ remains valid even after saturation and that the interface approaches the equilibrium contact angle within a few nanometers of the solid.
Immunotherapy of Brain Cancers: The Past, the Present, and Future Directions (2010)

Treatment of brain cancers, especially high grade gliomas (WHO stage III and IV) is slowly making progress, but not as fast as medical researchers and the patients would like. Immunotherapy offers the opportunity to allow the patient's own immune system a chance to help eliminate the cancer. Immunotherapy's strength is that it efficiently treats relatively small tumors in experimental animal models. For some patients, immunotherapy has worked for them while not showing long-term toxicity. In this paper, we will trace the history of immunotherapy for brain cancers. We will also highlight some of the possible directions that this field may be taking in the immediate future for improving this therapeutic option.
The diagnostic uses of saliva (1990)

It is becoming increasingly apparent to investigators and clinicians in a variety of disciplines that saliva has many diagnostic uses and is especially valuable in the young, the old and infirm and in large scale screening and epidemiologic studies. The highly sensitive test procedures that are now commonplace makes it practical to quantitate, despite very low concentrations, a large number of hormones and drugs in saliva. Indeed, all steroids of diagnostic significance in routine clinical endocrinology can now be readily measured in saliva. Drug monitoring can include abusive as well as therapeutic agents. The concordance between anti HIV antibodies in saliva and serum has stimulated application to various other antiviral antibodies as well as to viral antigens per se. Saliva has found use as a diagnostic aid in an increasing number of clinical situations and in systemic diseases that can affect salivary gland function and composition such as Sjögren's syndrome, cystic fibrosis and diseases of the adrenal cortex. The list keeps growing.
Thermodynamic Stability of Potassium‐beta‐Alumina (2005)

The thermodynamic stability of K‐beta‐Al 2 O 3 (KBA) has been determined by characterizing the equilibrium between K‐β‐ and K‐β″‐Al 2 O 3 using a potentiometric technique with yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) as solid electrolyte. The cell image allows an in situ check of the establishment and maintenance of the phase equilibrium by changing the composition of the KBA material reversibly. The activity of the potassium oxide dissolved in KBA amounts to (375°–600°C) image from which the standard Gibbs free energy of formation of K‐β″‐Al 2 O 3 can be obtained as image
Latex–fiber interaction and paper reinforcement (1976)

A model system for studying the reinforcement of paper is provided by the use of cationic latexes. The control of pH during addition of the latex to the pulp determines the uniformity of the latex deposition on the fibers. It is demonstrated, using scanning electron microscopy and mechanical testing of the sheet, that the dry and wet strength properties are improved by the more uniform distribution of a film-forming latex. Conversely, a nonfilming latex impedes bonding to the extent that the fiber surface is covered.
YKL-40 Protein Levels and Clinical Outcome of Human Endometrial Cancer (2010)

The secreted glycoprotein YKL-40 is a member of the chitinase family and elevated serum YKL-40 levels have been reported to be associated with reduced survival in several malignancies, including endometrial cancer. This study investigated immunoreactivity to YKL-40 protein and its prognostic implications in endometrial cancer. Levels of YKL-40 protein in normal endometrium (n = 42), endometrial hyperplasia (n = 40) and endometrial adeno carcinoma (n = 68) were examined using immunohistochemistry. YKL-40 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in endometrial adenocarcinoma compared with hyperplastic and normal endo metrium. In addition, high immuno reactivity of YKL-40 protein was associated with advanced stage, high histological grade, lymph node metastasis and lympho vascular invasion. Moreover, positive immunoreactivity for YKL-40 was a significant predictor of poor prognosis, as measured by estimated progression-free survival and estimated overall survival, compared with negative immunoreactivity. In conclusion, high YKL-40 immuno reactivity in endometrial cancer may be associated with poor prognosis.
Protofilaments, Filaments, Ribbons, and Fibrils from Peptidomimetic Self-Assembly:  Implications for Amyloid Fibril Formation and Materials Science (2000)

Deciphering the mechanism(s) of β-sheet mediated self-assembly is essential for understanding amyloid fibril formation and for the fabrication of polypeptide materials. Herein, we report a simple peptidomimetic that self-assembles into polymorphic β-sheet quaternary structures including protofilaments, filaments, fibrils, and ribbons that are reminiscent of the highly ordered structures displayed by the amyloidogenic peptides Aβ, calcitonin, and amylin. The distribution of quaternary structures can be controlled by and in some cases specified by manipulating the pH, buffer composition, and the ionic strength. The ability to control β-sheet-mediated assembly takes advantage of quaternary structure dependent pK(a) perturbations. Biophysical methods including analytical ultracentrifugation studies as well as far-UV circular dichroism and FT-IR spectroscopy demonstrate that linked secondary and quaternary structural changes mediate peptidomimetic self-assembly. Electron and atomic force microscopy reveal that peptidomimetic assembly involves numerous quaternary structural intermediates that appear to self-assemble in a convergent fashion affording quaternary structures of increasing complexity. The ability to control the assembly pathway(s) and the final quaternary structure(s) afforded should prove to be particularly useful in deciphering the quaternary structural requirements for amyloid fibril formation and for the construction of noncovalent macromolecular structures.
Protein processing and auxin response in transgenic tobacco harboring a putative cDNA of zeatin O‐xylosyltransferase from <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> (1997)

Zeatin is rapidly metabolized to O-xylosylzeatin in Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. The zeatin O-xylosyltransferase mediating this conversion, a 50 kDa protein, occurs mainly in the endosperm, both in the cytoplasm and the nuclei. A monoclonal antibody specific to the enzyme was used to isolate cDNAs from an expression library derived from P. vulgaris seeds. Two highly homologous, full-length cDNAs were isolated. The ORFs encode proteins of 69 and 67 kDa, respectively, with 90% homology at the amino acid level. cDNA-encoded protein obtained from in vitro transcription/translation was processed to protein of 50 kDa by bean endosperm extract. Transgenic tobacco plants harboring the larger ORF under the control of the CaMV35S promoter were more sensitive to the auxin NAA than control plants. The symptoms included leaf chlorosis, restriction of root elongation, and eventual cessation of growth. The antigenic preprotein was processed, and labeled zeatin was converted to O-xylosylzeatin in transgenic plants grown on NAA-containing medium. Analyses of independently transformed families indicated that the presence of the transgene coincided with the increased auxin sensitivity and protein processing correlated with the manifestation of auxin-induced damage. These results suggest that posttranslational processing regulates enzyme activity, and offer the possibility that cytokinin-auxin balance may be affected by stimulation of cytokinin metabolic enzyme activity by auxin.
Model of multiphoton transitions in a current-biased Josephson junction (2008)

We present a simple model to describe multiphoton transitions between the quasi-bound states of a current-driven Josephson junction. The transitions are induced by applying an ac voltage with controllable frequency and amplitude across the junction. The voltage induces transitions across the junction when the frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ satisfies $n\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}=\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{10}$, where $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}_{10}$ is the splitting between the ground and first excited quasi-bound state of the junction. We calculate the matrix elements of the transitions as a function of the dc bias current $I$, and the frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$ and amplitude ${V}_{\text{ac}}$ of the microwave voltage, for representative junction parameters. We also calculate the frequency-dependent absorption coefficient by solving the relevant Bloch equations when the ac voltage is sufficiently weak. In this regime, the absorption coefficient is a sum of Lorentzian lines centered at the $n$-photon absorption frequency, of strength proportional to the squared matrix elements. For fixed ${V}_{\text{ac}}$, the transition rate for an $n$-photon process usually decreases with increasing $n$. We also find a characteristic even-odd effect: The absorption coefficient typically increases with $I$ for $n$ even but decreases for $n$ odd. Our results agree qualitatively with recent experiments.
Long-term stability of anterior open bite correction in mixed dentition with a new treatment protocol. (2014)

A 10.2 year old boy with anterior open bite was treated with a Hyrax type rapid maxillary expander on the maxilla (one month) and a lingual arch in the lower jaw; then, grinding of deciduous molars was performed, a lingual grid was positioned and a myofunctional treatment (exercises) was started. The subsequent treatment phase was achieved with a lip bumper and fixed straight wire appliances on both arches. After 24 months of active treatment, retainers were used to maintain the good results achieved, which were unchanged at the long term controls, 3 and 7 years after treatment.
Hybridizing Energy Conversion and Storage in a Mechanical-to-Electrochemical Process for Self-Charging Power Cell (2012)

Energy generation and energy storage are two distinct processes that are usually accomplished using two separated units designed on the basis of different physical principles, such as piezoelectric nanogenerator and Li-ion battery; the former converts mechanical energy into electricity, and the latter stores electric energy as chemical energy. Here, we introduce a fundamental mechanism that directly hybridizes the two processes into one, in which the mechanical energy is directly converted and simultaneously stored as chemical energy without going through the intermediate step of first converting into electricity. By replacing the polyethylene (PE) separator as for conventional Li battery with a piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) film, the piezoelectric potential from the PVDF film as created by mechanical straining acts as a charge pump to drive Li ions to migrate from the cathode to the anode accompanying charging reactions at electrodes. This new approach can be applied to fabricating a self-charging power cell (SCPC) for sustainable driving micro/nanosystems and personal electronics.
Immortalization of normal human salivary gland cells with duct-, myoepithelial-, acinar-, or squamous phenotype by transfection with SV40 ori- mutant deoxyribonucleic acid. (1993)

These results demonstrate that establishment of cell clones with duct-, myoepithelial-, acinar-, or squamous phenotype was accomplished in the in vitro system, and that based on the evaluation of colony-forming ability in soft-agar and tumorigenicity in nude mice, these cell clones are considered to be non-neoplastic.