gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis (1986)

Vincent's original description of the fusiform-spirochete nature of acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) still remains true today, although much additional insight has been gained regarding the etiology, pathogenesis and treatment of the disease. In addition to the historic association of fusiform and spirochete microbes with ANUG, recent findings have also implicated Bacteroides and Selenomonas species. Possible abnormalities in immunological function, such as altered PMN and lymphocyte responsiveness, may be present. Stress, which has long been known to be associated with the disease, appears to play a role through induction of increased cortisol and catecholamine levels. These chemical mediators respectively may compromise the host immune responses and the gingival microcirculation. Cortisol may also serve as a nutrient source for Bacteroides bacteria. Other predisposing factors to ANUG may include smoking and poor oral hygiene. Treatment modalities involve eliminating or reducing the levels of bacterial pathogens by mechanical and antibiotic means, along with attempts at controlling significant psychological and physical precipitating factors.
Are GnRH antagonists comparable to agonists for use in IVF? (2007)

We believe that appropriate comparison of optimal GnRH agonist and antagonist regimens has not been performed yet. Currently available meta-analyses included all comparative studies between GnRH agonists and antagonists performed so far, including less than optimal GnRH antagonist regimens. After critical appraisal of the various studied GnRH antagonist regimens in terms of follicular development and IVF outcome, we postulate that early suppression of endogenous FSH results in optimal follicular development. Additionally, stable and early suppression of LH and progesterone levels during the entire period of stimulation may be an advantage for implantation and pregnancy outcome. In this respect, single dose and particularly flexible protocols seem to be less advantageous. Early FSH and LH suppression can be achieved by early GnRH antagonist administration (stimulation day 1) or by oral contraceptive (OC) pretreatment. More studies comparing long GnRH agonist protocols with 'long' GnRH antagonist protocols, with enough power to identify differences in pregnancy rates, are required before appropriate comparison can be made.
Efficient Transistor Optimization with Stress Enhanced Notch-gate Technology for sub-90nm CMOSFET (2007)

A simple and efficient strained engineering was reported, by implementing a notch-gate into high tensile-stress CESL (contact etch stop layer) process. Low process changes were utilized to modulate channel stress and implant profile for generating enhanced performance without any extra process step needed. Compared to conventional vertical-gate CMOSFET with an additional offset spacer, device with notch-gate as self-aligned offset spacer possess lower parasitic capacitance and shows extra 7% nMOSFET I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> enhancement due to stress CESL more approached to channel center region, enhancing channel carrier mobility efficiently. For pMOSFET, even with inappropriate effect by tensile stress, extra 3% I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> enhancement due to optimal channel profile by halo implantation through notch-gate structure.
A multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization assay: A monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a history of non–muscle‐invasive urothelial cell carcinoma (2011)

Given the lack of statistically significant differences with regard to FISH and cystoscopy results, the authors propose that FISH could be a useful monitoring tool in the surveillance of patients with a previous history of NMIUCC.
New block-copolymer thermoassociating matrices for DNA sequencing: Effect of molecular structure on rheology and resolution (2001)

A new family of matrices for DNA sequencing by capillary electrophoresis is presented. These matrices combine easy injection with high sieving performances, due to thermal switching between a low and a high viscosity state through a modest increase in temperature (approximately 20 degrees C). They are constructed from a hydrophilic polymer backbone with grafted lower critical solution temperature (LCST) side chains. The comb-like LCST copolymers are characterized in terms of size of the polymer backbone, the size of LCST side chains and the grafting densities. The dependance of rheological behavior and electrophoretic performance of these copolymers is correlated with their microstructure. Without complete optimization, a resolution of order 0.5, corresponding to a very reasonable limit for read length with current base calling softwares, could be achieved for segments around 800 bases differing by 1 base in less than one hour in a commercial ABI 310 apparatus.
Light core and intelligent edge for a flexible, thin-layered, and cost-effective optical transport network (2003)

We present a new optics-based transport architecture that emulates fast switching in the network core via emerging fast tunable lasers at the network edge, and bypasses the need for fast optical switching and buffering. The new architecture is capable of handling both asynchronous and synchronous traffic, for dealing with various bandwidth granularities and responding to dynamic changes in end-to-end traffic demands. The architecture also reduces the amount of layering in the transport network by eliminating packet and TDM switching, keeps the network core light (lightweight and transparent), and pushes intelligence to the network edge. We discuss technical challenges that arise in the new architecture and describe possible approaches to address them.
Navigated Breast Tumor Excision Using Electromagnetically Tracked Ultrasound and Surgical Instruments (2015)

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and lumpectomy is its first choice treatment. Therefore, the improvement of lumpectomy outcomes has a significant impact on a large patient population.
Output-coupling semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (2001)

We present a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), which also acts as an output coupler at the same time. The influence of the output coupler transmission onto the absorber parameters is investigated theoretically, as well as experimentally. A passively Q-switched Nd:YVO4 microchip laser is built using such a nonlinear output coupler, yielding clean pulses of 143 ps duration, 48 nJ energy, and 572 W peak power. This result is compared with the traditional approach, where the SESAM is not used as an output coupler.
Studies of rare-earth stannates by trin-119 MAS NMR. The use of paramagnetic shift probes in the solid state (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of rare-earth stannates by trin-119 MAS NMR. The use of paramagnetic shift probes in the solid stateClare P. Grey, Christopher M. Dobson, Anthony K. Cheetham, and Roger J. B. JakemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2, 505–511Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00184a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations111LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and characterization of a mordenite membrane on an α‐Al2O3 tubular support (2000)

The present paper reports the in situ hydrothermal synthesis of a composite mordenite membrane. In this process, mordenite forms at the surface and within the pores of a porous ceramic alumina support by nucleation and crystallization from a mixture containing alumina and silica species. The structure and texture of the composite membrane were identified by XRD and SEM, as well as by single gas permeation at room temperature with H2, N2, O2, Ar, CO, He and CH4. The permeation resulting as a function of transmembrane pressure revealed a small viscous flow contribution for gas transport through the MOR composite membrane. Furthermore, these preliminary results (order of gas permeance and ideal selectivities) suggest that Knudsen diffusion is the dominant transport mechanism for the investigated series of gases, although an ideal selectivity slightly higher than the Knudsen selectivity was obtained, namely α = 1.6 at Δp = 0.6 bar for CH4/N2.
Chloramphenicol-specific antibody. 3. Differential antibody decay rates to separate determinants on one antigen. (1969)

In rabbits, peak titres to repeated immunization with chloramphenicol bound to bovine γ-globulin (CAP—BGG) appear on the 4th to 7th day for the BGG part of the antigen, but not until the 9th to 12th day for CAP. Similarly the antibody to CAP declines in titre much more rapidly than the antibody to the BGG and 4–6 weeks later anti-CAP antibody is no longer detectable while the anti-BGG antibody is still found in high titre.
Contract-based web service composition (2006)

Dienstorientierte Architekturen (SOA = Service Oriented Architecture) dienen dem Aufbau von lose miteinander verbundenen, verteilten Systemen, deren Komponenten eine minimale gemeinsame Systemsicht haben. Die wichtigsten Bausteine der SOA sind Dienste. Dienste sind selbstbeschreibende, eigenständige, plattform-unabhängige und frei verfügbare Komponenten, die über das Netzwerk interagieren. Das Hauptziel der SOA ist die transparente, flexible und dynamische Interaktion von Diensten und deren Benutzern innerhalb mehrerer zusammenhängender Domänen. Während die nativen Fähigkeiten von dienstorientierten Architekturen, wie Beschreibung, Entdeckung, Kommunikation und Bindung, bereits gut erfasst und standardisiert worden sind, ist das Problem der Dienstkomposition bisher noch nicht zufriedenstellend gelöst worden. Diese Dissertation hinterfragt die Grundvoraussetzung der SOA, die darin besteht, dass lediglich die Grundfunktionsweise von Diensten offen gelegt werden sollte, und demonstriert, dass auf der Grundlage einer semantischen Dienstbeschreibung (einschließlich funktionaler und nichtfunktionaler Eigenschaften) eine praktikable Lösung zur Dienstkomposition entwickelt werden kann (komponierbare Dienstarchitektur). Diese Lösung erfordert 1) erweiterte deskriptive Fähigkeiten und Suchmöglichkeiten durch die Entwicklung einer vertragsbasierten Beschreibungssprache einschließlich nichtfunktionaler Eigenschaften wie Sicherheit, Verlässlichkeit und Rechtzeitigkeit; 2) das Feststellen der Kompositionskorrektheit durch die Modellierung von Diensten als abstrakte Maschinen und die Entwicklung einer formalen Kompositionssprache und 3) automatische Dienstkomposition, indem Suchalgorithmen für die automatisierte und dynamische Selektion von Kompositionspartnern entwickelt werden. Abschließend wird der Prototyp eines Kompositionsservers für Web Services einschließlich Design und Implementierung beschrieben, um die Realisierbarkeit der vorgeschlagenen Architektur aufzuzeigen.
Application of algebraic invariants to full-wave simulators - rigorous analysis of the optical properties of nanowires (2006)

We show an application of four states algebraic invariants to the extraction of the main optical properties of anisotropic semiconductor thin nanowires such as the complex propagation constant of the guided modes and the reflectivity at the waveguide terminations. In order to provide a numerical example, we calculate the modal and threshold gains for the first few guided modes. This has been done in conjunction with the use of a full-wave finite-element method simulator without the isotropic approximation of passive GaN. Moreover, the device has been directly analyzed in his active state, i.e., with a complex dielectric tensor: in principle, a rigorous complex resonance for simultaneously calculating the lasing frequency and the threshold gain may be performed.
Introduction (2019)

This introductory chapter considers the historical trend in the field of economics. Economists are among the few who aspire to tell society how it should manage. They rarely speak with a single voice, but that does not diminish their confidence. Society treats them with bafflement and respect. As such, the chapter examines the extent of their expertise and how they have come about it. It asks where their authority comes from and how far it is justified. After all, economic theorizing may be speculative, but its impact is powerful and real. Since the 1970s, it has been associated with a large historical trend, the ‘market turn’ associated with the rising ascendancy of market liberalism, a political and social movement that (like economics) holds up buying and selling as the norm for human relations and for social organization. In this light, the chapter considers how much influence the field of economics exerted over this ‘market turn’ and whether or not it was an improvement from previous models.
Remodeling of Alveolar Walls after Elastase Treatment of Hamsters: Results of Elastin and Collagen mRNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (1998)

Treatment of hamster lungs with porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE) causes emphysema and a decrease in lung elastin content, which returns to control level by Day 30. To explore the mechanism of alveolar wall remodeling after elastolytic injury, we examined the expression of elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNAs by in situ hybridization at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 30 d after intratracheal PPE. The lungs of control animals displayed weak signals for elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA in pleura, large arteries, veins, and airways. There was little or no signal in respiratory air space walls. Increased expression of elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA began by Day 1 after PPE and reached an asymptote by Day 3 that was maintained by elastin until Day 7; expression of alpha1(I) collagen mRNA waned earlier. Elastin and, to a lesser extent, alpha1(I) collagen mRNA were heavily expressed in pleura, blood vessels, and airways. Analysis of serial sections showed elastin message was minimal in the walls of respiratory air spaces and when present, at 3, 5, and 7 d, was primarily found at the free margins of alveolar septa. Collagen message was very sparse in respiratory air space walls. By 30 d, elastin mRNA expression was reduced but still above control levels and emphysema was widespread and severe. Rank score of elastin mRNA expression in individual subpleural air spaces showed a positive correlation with air space size. In conclusion, most expression of elastin and alpha1(I) collagen mRNA occurs in the pleura, airway, and vascular walls. In respiratory air space walls, expression of elastin mRNAs occurs in damaged tissue at free septal margins.
Antiphosphorylcholine Antibody Levels Are Elevated in Humans with Periodontal Diseases (1999)

Human immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) serum concentrations and the IgG2 antibody response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans can be influenced by genes, by environmental factors such as smoking, and by periodontal disease status. Examination of the IgG2 response to phosphorylcholine (PC), a response thought to be mainly induced by the C polysaccharide of Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggested that periodontal disease status was also associated with this response. This prompted the hypothesis that PC is an important oral antigen associated with organisms in the periodontal flora and that anti-PC antibody is elevated as a consequence of periodontal disease. Subjects in various periodontal disease diagnostic categories in which attachment loss is exhibited were tested for anti-PC in serum. Those with adult periodontitis, localized juvenile periodontitis, generalized early-onset periodontitis, and gingival recession all had similar levels of anti-PC IgG2 serum antibody which were significantly greater than in the group of subjects with no attachment loss. Analysis of plaque samples from subgingival and supragingival sites in all diseases categories for reactivity with the anti-PC specific monoclonal antibody TEPC-15 revealed that a substantial proportion of the bacteria in dental plaque (30 to 40%) bear PC antigen; this antigen was not restricted to morphotypes resembling only cocci but was also present on rods and branched filamentous organisms. We found that S. mitis, S. oralis, and S. sanguis, as well as oral actinomycetes, including A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, and A. israelii, incorporated substantial amounts of [(3)H]choline from culture media. Further analysis of antigens derived from these organisms by Western blot indicated that S. oralis, S. sanguis, A. viscosus, A. odontolyticus, and A. israelii contained TEPC-15-reactive antigens. The data show that many commonly occurring bacterial species found in dental plaque contain PC antigen and that immunization with plaque-derived PC antigens as a consequence of inflammation and periodontal attachment loss may influence systemic anti-PC antibody concentrations.
Principles of Chemical Programming (2005)

The chemical reaction metaphor describes computation in terms of a chemical solution in which molecules interact freely according to reaction rules. Chemical models use the multiset as their basic data structure. Computation proceeds by rewritings of the multiset which consume elements according to reaction conditions and produce new elements according to specific transformation rules. Since the introduction of Gamma in the mid-eighties, many other chemical formalisms have been proposed such as the Cham, the P-systems and various higher-order extensions. The main objective of this paper is to identify a basic calculus containing the very essence of the chemical paradigm and from which extensions can be derived and compared to existing chemical models.
Star-shaped magnetite@gold nanoparticles for protein magnetic separation and SERS detection (2013)

A novel synthetic methodology for star shaped gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles is reported. The coating is performed in two steps: formation of gold nuclei at the surface of magnetite nanoparticles followed by growth of the gold nuclei into a complete star shaped shell. The star-shaped gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles thus obtained preserve the magnetic properties of the precursor magnetite nanoparticles, e.g. they can be easily separated with a magnet. In addition, the gold coating provides interesting optical properties while simultaneously allowing for biofunctionalization that may be advantageous for biological applications, such as (bio)detection via surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). As a proof-of-concept, a capping agent terminated with a nickel(II)-nitrilotriacetate group showing high affinity for histidine was used to modify the surface of the nanoparticles. The resulting star-shaped nanoparticles were used to selectively capture histidine-tagged maltose-binding protein from a crude cell extract. Finally, the performance of star shaped gold-coated magnetic nanoparticles as SERS platforms was demonstrated through the detection of Raman active dye (Astra Blue).
Selection of Chemicals for the Development and Evaluation of <i>In Vitro</i> Methods for Skin Sensitisation Testing (2009)

Advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying skin sensitisation, and the need to comply with recent regulatory requirements, have favoured the development of alternative approaches, some of which may provide promising screening or partial replacement methods.However, efforts are still required to identify more-robust predictive endpoints, and to further optimise existing methods to be integrated into a testing strategy, with a view to achieving the full replacement of the current animal tests.The European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods (ECVAM) and the European Cosmetics Association (Colipa) have been collaborating with the aim of identifying a core set of reference chemicals for test method development and/or optimisation.The use of a common set of reference chemicals in the method development phase, would facilitate an early assessment of the performance of a method with respect to existing tests, and of its possible contribution to a testing strategy.By applying pre-defined criteria, existing databases were mined, and a list of 16 chemicals, including 12 positive controls, of which four require metabolic activation to act as sensitisers, and four negative controls, was collated.The chemicals and the criteria used for their selection are presented.
Macrophage Polarization: Anti-Cancer Strategies to Target Tumor-Associated Macrophage in Breast Cancer (2017)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant inflammatory cells and orchestrate different stages of breast cancer development. TAMs participate in the tumor angiogenesis, matrix remodeling, invasion, immunosuppression, metastasis, and chemoresistance in breast cancer. Several clinical studies indicate the association between the high influx of TAMs in tumor with poor prognosis in hepatocellular, ovarian, cervical, and breast cancer. Previously developed hypotheses have proposed that TAMs participate in antitumor responses of the body, while recently many clinical and experimental studies have revealed that TAMs in tumor microenvironment predominantly resemble with M2-like polarized macrophages and produce a high amount of anti-inflammatory factors which are directly responsible for the development of tumor. Various studies have shown that TAMs in tumor either enhance or antagonize the anti-tumor efficacy of cytotoxic agents, antibodies-targeting cancer cells, and therapeutic agents depending on the nature of treatment. Thereby, multiple roles of TAMs suggests that it is very important to develop novel therapeutic strategies to target TAMs in breast tumor. In this review, we have discussed the functional role of TAMs in breast cancer and summarized available recent advances potential therapeutic strategies that effectively target to TAMs cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 2484-2501, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coupling efficiency between light pipes of different dimensions (1976)

An expression for the transmitted fraction of the uniform and parallel radiation incident upon the coupler between two rectangular light pipes of different physical dimensions is derived. It is a function of the pipe dimension ratio and the angle of the incident radiation. It is shown that for radiation nearly parallel to the pipe axis, it is possible to design a coupler for any pipe dimension ratio so that all the radiation incident upon it is transmitted by it. Design curves for various incidence angles and the pipe dimensions are presented.