gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Diterpenoids from <i>Sagittaria pygmaea</i> (2006)

There were five new diterpenoids, 18-beta-D-3',4'-diacetoxyxylopyranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene (1), 18-beta-L-3',5'-diacetoxyarabinofuranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene (2), 18-beta-D-3',6'-diacetoxyglucopyranosyl-ent-kaur-16-ene (3), ent-isopimar-8(14),15-dien-19-oic acid (4), and 5alpha-hydroxy-ent-rosa-15-en-18-oic acid (5), isolated from the whole herb of Sagittaria pygmaea. Their structures and relative configurations were established based on spectroscopic studies, chemical methods, and X-ray crystallographic analysis. Compound 2 exhibited significant antibacterial activity against the oral pathogens, Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25 175 and Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 27 044, with MIC values against both pathogens of 15.6 microg/mL. Compound 3 was active against only A. viscosus ATCC 27 044 with an MIC value of 62.5 microg/mL. Compounds 4 and 5 were active against S. mutans ATCC 25 175 and A. viscosus ATCC 27 044, with MIC values against both pathogens of 125.0 microg/mL.
Gap plasmon waveguide with a stub: structure for a wavelength selective device (2009)

We have performed the three dimensional (3D) numerical analysis for a gap plasmon waveguide with two stubs in a silver film by using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The simulated transmittance shows that such the 3D structure works as a wavelength selective device with submicron size as already predicted in the 2D simulations. We have also fabricated such a structure on a glass substrate by using the focused ion beam method. The width of the gap is around 150 nm. The observed transmittance spectra of the structure have clearly indicated the wavelength dependence and agree well with those obtained by a numerical simulation. Our results show that the structure proposed by us is promising for a compact wavelength selective device.
Development of tendon structure and function: regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis. (2005)

In the tendon, the development of mature mechanical properties is dependent on the assembly of a tendon-specific extracellular matrix. This matrix is synthesized by the tendon fibroblasts and composed of collagen fibrils organized as fibers, as well as fibril-associated collagenous and non-collagenous proteins. All of these components are integrated, during development and growth, to form a functional tissue. During tendon development, collagen fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly progress through multiple steps where each step is regulated independently, culminating in a structurally and functionally mature tissue. Collagen fibrillogenesis occurs in a series of extracellular compartments where fibril intermediates are assembled and mature fibrils grow through a process of post-depositional fusion of the intermediates. Linear and lateral fibril growth occurs after the immature fibril intermediates are incorporated into fibers. The processes are regulated by interactions of extracellular macromolecules with the fibrils. Interactions with quantitatively minor fibrillar collagens, fibril-associated collagens and proteoglycans influence different steps in fibrillogenesis and the extracellular microdomains provide a mechanism for the tendon fibroblasts to regulate these extracellular interactions.
The flow of suspensions through tubes. (1966)

The flow mechanism of concentrated suspensions of rigid particles undergoing slow Poiseuille flow was studied. It was shown that the deviations tram the parabolic velocity distribution arise from a wall effect of the type described by Vand. Particle accumulation behind an advancing meniscus is caused by the radial flow and particle-particle and particle-wall interactions. In many cases, the motions of particles were reversible when the direction of flow vas reversed. In dilute suspensions, the statistical properties of the particle paths were in good agreement with a theory of collision doublets based on reotilinear paths of approach and recession. [...]
Oxford Nanopore MinION Sequencing and Genome Assembly (2016)

The revolution of genome sequencing is continuing after the successful second-generation sequencing (SGS) technology. The third-generation sequencing (TGS) technology, led by Pacific Biosciences (PacBio), is progressing rapidly, moving from a technology once only capable of providing data for small genome analysis, or for performing targeted screening, to one that promises high quality de novo assembly and structural variation detection for human-sized genomes. In 2014, the MinION, the first commercial sequencer using nanopore technology, was released by Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT). MinION identifies DNA bases by measuring the changes in electrical conductivity generated as DNA strands pass through a biological pore. Its portability, affordability, and speed in data production makes it suitable for real-time applications, the release of the long read sequencer MinION has thus generated much excitement and interest in the genomics community. While de novo genome assemblies can be cheaply produced from SGS data, assembly continuity is often relatively poor, due to the limited ability of short reads to handle long repeats. Assembly quality can be greatly improved by using TGS long reads, since repetitive regions can be easily expanded into using longer sequencing lengths, despite having higher error rates at the base level. The potential of nanopore sequencing has been demonstrated by various studies in genome surveillance at locations where rapid and reliable sequencing is needed, but where resources are limited.
Design of Totally Fault Locatable Combinational Networks (1980)

The design of combinational logic networks is considered in which equivalent or indistinguishable stuck-type faults are confined to a small region of the network. A general type of fault equivalence called S-equivalence is introduced, which defines fault equivalence with respect to an arbitrary set of modules S. A network N is called totally fault locatable with respect to module set S, denoted TFLS, if all specified faults in N are S-equivalent. Some general structural properties of TFLS networks are derived. The problem of designing TFLS networks is investigated for S = {AND, OR, NAND, NOR, NOT} denoted AON, and S = {AON, EXCLUSIVE- OR} denoted AONE. All equivalent fault classes in TFLAON and TFLAONE networks can be identified by inspection. It is shown that every function has a TFLAONE network, that is, a realization where all equivalence classes can be identified by inspection, containing at most one control point or extra input. A method for constructing a TFLAONE realization of an arbitrary function is presented using at most one control point.
2611 Clarification on Characteristics of Pressure Drop and Behavior of Fine Particles Loading on Porous Filter (2006)

DPF removes PM in the exhaust gas of diesel car. There are few researches focusing on the trapping and loading of PM though they are important to evaluate for DPF performance. In this study, to clarify the essential characteristics of trapping and loading of PM by DPF, the relationship between filter penetration air velocity and pressure drop of porous filter has been investigated with using ceramic and metal filters, and fine particles simulated as PM. In addition, Darcy's number of porous filter loaded fine particles has been evaluated. As a result, porous filters had the hysteresis characteristic on the relationship between pressure drop and changing filter penetration air velocity. In the case of increasing filter penetration air velocity, many channels were occurred in the fine particles layer loaded on porous filter. Darcy's number of porous filter loaded fine particles was different between ceramic filter and metal filter because of difference of filter structure.
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α Is a Regulatory Switch Sufficient for Induction of Granulocytic Development from Bipotential Myeloid Progenitors (1998)

The transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBPalpha) regulates a number of myeloid cell-specific genes. To delineate the role of C/EBPalpha in human granulopoiesis, we studied its expression and function in human primary cells and bipotential (granulocytic/monocytic) myeloid cell lines. We show that the expression of C/EBPalpha initiates with the commitment of multipotential precursors to the myeloid lineage, is specifically upregulated during granulocytic differentiation, and is rapidly downregulated during the alternative monocytic pathway. Conditional expression of C/EBPalpha alone in stably transfected bipotential cells triggers neutrophilic differentiation, concomitant with upregulation of the granulocyte-specific granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor and secondary granule protein genes. Moreover, induced expression of C/EBPalpha in bipotential precursors blocks their monocytic differentiation program. These results indicate that C/EBPalpha serves as a myeloid differentiation switch acting on bipotential precursors and directing them to mature to granulocytes.
Can this video be promoted? - Endogenous and exogenous popularity processes in social media (2016)

We study what drives the popularity of cultural items, by computationally quantifying a video's potential to become viral. We propose to model popularity lifecycles as the endogenous response to exogenous stimuli, dubbed Hawkes intensity process. This model can explain the complex, multi-phase, longitudinal popularity of a Youtube video. Moreover, it can also forecast the future popularity, outperforming the state-of-the-art method. Finally, we characterize the susceptibility of a video to become popular through two parameters corresponding to the strength of its exogenous and endogenous response, respectively. The adequacy of the model for these tasks is validated on a dataset of the most Tweeted and shared videos over 6 months.
The application of mutiple intelligences in the basic psychology course reform of secondary vocational school (2008)

Psychology course reform was carried out on the basis of our research on the characteristics and the social needs of personnel quality of secondary vocational school students.The concept of Howard Gardner's theory ofmutiple intelligence Was used in the psychology teaching reform.The purpose was to motivate the student's potential and improve their diathesis.The author applied the concept that every student would be successful,a newindividualizing teachingthought,set up a evaluation mechanism to promote the comprehensive development of the students in order to make a strong foundation for the students' lifelong development.A good effect Was gotten.

Key words: 
Multi-intelligence theory; Basic psychology; Course reform; secondary vocational school
Elite Sprinting (2010)

Previous studies have generally identified only one of these variables to be the main reason for faster running velocities. However, this study showed that there is a large variation of performance patterns among the elite athletes and, overall, SF or SL reliance is a highly individual occurrence. It is proposed that athletes should take this reliance into account in their training, with SF-reliant athletes needing to keep their neural system ready for fast leg turnover and SL-reliant athletes requiring more concentration on maintaining strength levels.
Mesothelial cells. (2007)

The ability to propagate mesothelial cells in culture has resulted, over the past two decades, in an explosion of mesothelial cell research pertaining to PD and peritoneal disorders. Independent researchers have highlighted the potential use of mesothelial cells as targets for gene therapy or transplantation in the search to provide therapeutic strategies for the preservation of the mesothelium during chemical or bacterial injury.
The role of galectins in the initiation, amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response (2004)

Inflammation involves the sequential activation of signalling pathways leading to the production of both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. Galectins constitute a family of structurally related beta-galactoside-binding proteins, which are defined by their affinity for poly-N-acetyllactosamine-enriched glycoconjugates and sequence similarities in the carbohydrate recognition domain. By crosslinking specific glycoconjugates, different members of the galectin family behave as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory agents, acting at different levels of acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Recent studies highlighted immunomodulatory roles for galectins in vivo in several experimental models of chronic inflammation, suggesting that these carbohydrate-binding proteins may be potential targets for the design of a novel generation of anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we review recent advances on the role of galectins in the initiation, amplification and resolution of the inflammatory response. In particular, we examine the influence of individual members of this family in regulating cell adhesion, migration, chemotaxis, antigen presentation, immune cell activation and apoptosis. From a better understanding of the molecular basis of galectin-induced immune regulation, we may become able to exploit the potential of these sugar-binding proteins and their glycoligands as suitable therapeutic agents in acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
A DNA probe detecting multiple haplotypes of the human Y chromosome. (1986)

We have characterized a DNA probe (49f) that detects about 15 Y-specific TaqI bands corresponding to a low-copy number sequence. Five of these bands, each representing a single DNA fragment, can either be present, absent, or variable in length. Familial segregation studies have shown that the variations of these fragments are inherited in a Mendelian fashion and strictly Y-linked. A survey of 44 male individuals indicated that the five variable TaqI fragments detected by probe 49f can be considered as five independent allelic series. Each series represents the different and mutually exclusive allelic forms observed for a single DNA fragment. A total of 16 haplotypes, each defined by a different combination of the various forms of each of these five restriction fragment length polymorphisms, were observed among the 44 scored individuals. These TaqI restriction polymorphisms are not observed with other restriction digests and have therefore been attributed to point mutations. The five polymorphic fragments map to Yq11, a region that does not recombine with the X chromosome and are therefore not redistributed. This implies that an apparently independent reassortment of one of these series with respect to the others can be explained only on the basis of mutations that occurred several times (or reverted) during evolution of the Y chromosome. However, an examination of the different combinations of two or more allelic series suggests that some alleles are not randomly distributed and raises the possibility of establishing a genealogy of the human Y chromosome.
Materno foetal physiological parameters in sitting and left lateral position during non - stress test (NST monitoring in pregnancy: a cross over study (2015)

Introduction: The main goal of foetal observation is a healthy new born with a mother who is healthy. The non-stress test (NST) is a primary foetal surveillance tool. This study aimed to compare the maternal physiological parameters of antenatal women during NST monitoring between sitting and left lateral position and also to determine the foetal physiological parameters during NST monitoring in sitting position and left lateral position. Methods: The study was cross over design. The antenatal women between 34 to 40 weeks of gestation were randomly given the position as Group-A or Group-B position strategy. The setting of the study was labour ward of a selected Hospital in Udupi District, Karnataka. The total number of antenatal women included in the study were 44. Results: There were significant changes in maternal physiological parameters like maternal systolic (p=0.001), diastolic (p=0.001) blood pressure and pulse rate (p=0.001) between left lateral and sitting position. There was significant difference in foetal physiological parameters like baseline foetal heart rate (p = 0.034) and deceleration (p=<0.001) between sitting and lateral positions. Conclusion: The sitting position adopted for NST by the antenatal women during their third trimester demonstrated a favourable materno-foetal physiological parameter than in lateral position. So sitting position can be encouraged as an alternative position that can be used for NST test, based on the preference of the antenatal women.
Relationship between Static Stiffness and Modal Stiffness of Structures (2010)

This paper derives the relationship between the static stiffness and modal stiffness of a structure. The static stiffness and modal stiffness are two important concepts in both structural statics and dynamics. Although both stiffnesses indicate the capacity of the structure to resist deformation, they are obtained using different methods. The former is calculated by solving the equations of equilibrium and the latter can be obtained by solving an eigenvalue problem. A mathematical relationship between the two stiffnesses was derived based on the definitions of two stiffnesses. This relationship was applicable to a linear system and the derivation of relationships does not reveal any other limitations. Verification of the relationship was given by using several examples. The relationship between the two stiffnesses demonstrated that the modal stiffness of the fundamental mode was always larger than the static stiffness of a structure if the critical point and the maximum mode value are at the same node, i.e. for simply supported beam and seven storeys building are 1.5% and 15% respectively. The relationship could be applied into real structures, where the greater the number of modes being considered, the smaller the difference between the modal stiffness and the static stiffness of a structure.
Publish/subscribe based information dissemination over VANET utilizing DHT (2012)

一个车辆的特定的网络(VANET ) 能作为以一种异步、自治的方式交流的动人的车辆的一个网络被设想。在 VANET 应用程序的有效、可伸缩的信息传播由于在网络拓扑学引起无法预言的变化的车辆的运动是主要挑战。publish/ 订阅通讯范例及时提供去耦，在传达实体之间的空间，和同步，和礼品本身作为为 VANET 的信息传播的一个漂亮解决方案喜欢环境。在这份报纸，我们为利用的信息传播建议我们的途径出版 / 订阅并且分布式的哈希值桌子(DHT ) 基于覆盖网络。在我们的途径，我们假定由静止信息车站和动人的车辆组成的混合 VANET。这些信息车站在城市的每主要交叉被安装，车辆能起出版商，订户，或经纪人取决于上下文的作用。信息车站形式 DHT 为相关出版物和订阅作为约会点在自己和行为之中基于经纪人覆盖。进一步，信息车站也在定位订阅了信息项目的车辆帮助。我们与对方一起关于信息车站和他们的物理连接的数字考虑这混合 VANET 的不同可能的推广。我们执行收到的 2011 年 8 月 22 日；接受 2012 年 1 月 21 日电子邮件：tulika_mishra@rediffmail.com 模拟将在这些不同推广情形估计我们的途径的表演并且在城市、半城市的区域讨论他们的适用性。
Growth- and differentiation-associated expression of bcl-2 in B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells (1992)

The bcl-2 gene is translocated into the Ig loci in about 80% of human follicular lymphomas and in 10% of B-type chronic lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL), resulting in a high level of expression. We have compared the expression of bcl-2 transcripts and protein in B-CLL cells in their normal equivalent CD5+ B cells and in normal B-cell populations representative of different in vivo and in vitro stages of activation and proliferation. We report here that bcl-2 was expressed in 11 of 11 cases of CD5+ B-CLL clones, contrasting with the absent expression in normal CD5+ B cells. Activation of 173 and 183 B-CLL cells by phorbol esters (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate [TPA]) to IgM secretion without concomitant DNA synthesis resulted in a rapid but transient downregulation of bcl-2 expression. In contrast, the reduction of bcl-2 at both the messenger RNA and protein levels was sustained after mitogenic stimulation, suggesting that bcl-2 expression and proliferation are inversely related in these cells. This notion was further supported by immunocytochemical analysis showing that bcl-2 was primarily expressed in small resting lymphocytes and in cells differentiating to the plasma cell stage, but less expressed in Ki67- positive proliferating B blasts. Moreover, it was also supported by the low level of bcl-2 in exponentially growing Epstein-Barr virus-carrying lymphoblastoid and B-CLL cell lines. The regulation of bcl-2 expression in B-CLL resembled that of normal tonsillar follicular B cells, in which a high level of expression was found in resting mantle zone B cells but not in the proliferating germinal center B cells. Based on these findings and the role of bcl-2 in maintaining B-cell memory, we propose that the phenotype of B-CLL cells corresponds to a mantle zone memory-type B cell.
Novel advances in pancreatic cancer treatment (2008)

Little progress has been made on the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer. Gemcitabine has been an acceptable standard for more than a decade. The benefit of single-agent gemcitabine in advanced and metastatic pancreatic cancer is small. Adding other chemotherapy agents to gemcitabine has not resulted in meaningful improvement in survival. The randomized trials studying the addition of molecular targeting agents (cetuximab, bevacizumab, farnesyl transferase inhibitors and metalloproteinase inhibitors) to gemcitabine compared with gemcitabine alone have been disappointing. A small gain in median survival by adding erlotinib to gemcitabine has recently been reported. We herein review novel agents in pancreatic cancer that may change the current nihilistic approach in the management of this challenging disease.
Antibody-Mediated Activation of FGFR1 Induces FGF23 Production and Hypophosphatemia (2013)

The phosphaturic hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) controls phosphate homeostasis by regulating renal expression of sodium-dependent phosphate co-transporters and cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in vitamin D catabolism. Multiple FGF Receptors (FGFRs) can act as receptors for FGF23 when bound by the co-receptor Klotho expressed in the renal tubular epithelium. FGFRs also regulate skeletal FGF23 secretion; ectopic FGFR activation is implicated in genetic conditions associated with FGF23 overproduction and hypophosphatemia. The identity of FGFRs that mediate the activity of FGF23 or that regulate skeletal FGF23 secretion remains ill defined. Here we report that pharmacological activation of FGFR1 with monoclonal anti-FGFR1 antibodies (R1MAb) in adult mice is sufficient to cause an elevation in serum FGF23 and mild hypophosphatemia. In cultured rat calvariae osteoblasts, R1MAb induces FGF23 mRNA expression and FGF23 protein secretion into the culture medium. In a cultured kidney epithelial cell line, R1MAb acts as a functional FGF23 mimetic and activates the FGF23 program. siRNA-mediated Fgfr1 knockdown induced the opposite effects. Taken together, our work reveals the central role of FGFR1 in the regulation of FGF23 production and signal transduction, and has implications in the pathogenesis of FGF23-related hypophosphatemic disorders.
Class E resonant rectifier with a series capacitor (1994)

An analysis and experimental results are given for a Class E resonant low dv/dt rectifier with a series resonant capacitor. The circuit contains two resonant components: a capacitor and an inductor. It is driven by a sinusoidal voltage source whose amplitude must be controlled to obtain a constant-voltage output. The rectifier exhibits a peculiar behavior because its equivalent input reactance changes discontinuously from inductive to capacitive when the load varies from infinity to zero. Design equations are derived using Fourier series techniques. The theory is compared with experimental results obtained for the rectifier operating at 1 MHz ac input and 5 V dc output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>