gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-term longitudinal study of intrahepatic hepatitis C virus replication after liver transplantation. (1997)

Recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation is common and can lead to severe liver diseases. Although immunosuppression and high levels of viremia suggest a direct pathogenicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV), the relations between viral replication and long-term histological course are still unknown. Thirty-three patients with a mean histological follow-up of 3.5 years (3 months - 8.6 years) were analyzed. Nineteen patients were infected by genotype 1b. Liver HCV RNA was determined in parallel with the quantitation of an internal control (28S ribosomal RNA) by competitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Lobular hepatitis (LH) and chronic active hepatitis (CAH) occurred in 27 and 19 patients, respectively. Levels of liver HCV RNA determined in 84 biopsies were higher in cases of LH than in the other patterns (82 +/- 123 vs. 19 +/- 38; P < .01) and were unrelated to the genotype. Progression from LH to CAH was associated with a highly significant decrease of liver HCV RNA (P = .006), which was not observed in patients with stable histology. Among patients with CAH, those infected by genotype 1b had more severe liver damage and lower levels of liver HCV RNA than others (P = .04). Multivariate analysis showed that high levels of liver HCV RNA at the time of the first posttransplantation biopsy was an independent predictor of CAH (P = .01). After liver transplantation, the progression to CAH together with a decrease of liver HCV RNA suggests that a host's response is involved in the long-term viral pathogenicity. This response may be stronger and liver disease more severe in patients with high levels of replication at the time of LH and in those infected by genotype 1b. (Hepatology 1997 Nov;26(5):1343-50)
Suppression of CCR5-Tropic HIV Type 1 Infection by OX40 Stimulation via Enhanced Production of β-Chemokines (2010)

To elucidate the immunological role for the costimulatory molecule OX40 against the early stage of HIV-1 infection, fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from normal donors were stimulated with immobilized anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) together with soluble anti-CD28 mAb for 24 h, infected with CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1, and then cocultured in the presence or absence of OX40 ligand (OX40L). Results of these studied showed that OX40 stimulation led to a marked reduction in levels of p24, the frequency of intracellular p24(+) cells, as well as HIV-1-mediated syncytium formation. The suppression was reversed by anti-OX40L mAb. The mechanism underlying the R5 HIV-1 suppression was shown to be mediated in part by the CCR5-binding β-chemokines RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β, since the effect of the OX40 stimulation was reversed by a neutralizing antibody mixture against these three β-chemokines. Thus, OX40 stimulation enhanced the production of these CCR5-binding β-chemokines by the activated PBMCs and subsequently down-modulated CCR5 expression on the activated CD4(+) T cells. Taken together, the present data revealed a new role for OX40 in HIV-1 infection and documents the fact that OX40 stimulation suppresses the infection of primary activated PBMCs with R5 HIV-1 via enhanced production of R5 HIV-1 suppressing β-chemokines.
<title>Evaluating the fusion of multiple classifiers via ROC curves</title> (2003)

Given a finite collection of classifiers one might wish to combine, or fuse, the classifiers in hopes that the multiple classifier system (MCS) will perform better than the individuals. One method of fusing classifiers is to combine their final decision using Boolean rules (e.g., a logical OR, AND, or a majority vote of the classifiers in the system). An established method for evaluating a classifier is measuring some aspect of its Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, which graphs the trade-off between the conditional probabilities of detection and false alarm. This work presents a unique method of estimating the performance of an MCS in which Boolean rules are used to combine individual decisions. The method requires performance data similar to the data available in the ROC curves for each of the individual classifiers, and the method can be used to estimate the ROC curve for the entire system. A consequence of this result is that one can save time and money by effectively evaluating the performance of an MCS without performing experiments.
ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF APRICOT KERNEL EXTRACT CONTAINING AMYGDALIN (2010)

Amygdalin was extracted from apricot kernels, the chemical characteristics of amygdalin are: white, crystalline, and inodorous powder, slightly soluble in cold water, very soluble in hot water, alcohol and acetone, and insoluble in ether. It has a pH of 7 in saturated aqueous solution. Amygdalin purity in the extract was estimated to give 99.5%. Amygdalin was identified in the extract by FT-IR. The sensitivity of some species of pathogenic bacteria included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pyogenes to different concentration of amygdalin (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) was tested to find out the role of amygdalin as antibacterial agent. The experimental results of bacterial sensitivity to different concentrations of amygdalin, showed sensitivity of tested bacteria to all concentrations of amygdalin except concentration 2% amygdalin, bacterial species were resistant to it.
Intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide combined with subthreshold grid laser treatment for macular oedema in branch retinal vein occlusion: a pilot study (2008)

The combined SGLT-IVT treatment of MO secondary to BRVO allows a significant visual acuity improvement, when compared with simple grid laser treatment.
Electromagnetic Detection of Soil Moisture: Progress Report I (1977)

SUMMARYThe remote determination of soil moisture content requires a remotely detectable physical property of soils which is primarily dependent on moisture content. One physical property which holds promise of satisfying these conditions is the complex dielectric constant of the soil in the frequency band 107 to 109 Hz. Laboratory and field experiments employing time domain reflectometry (TDR) methods indicate the following: that the dielectric constant depends strongly on soil moisture and weakly on soil type, and density; that variations of several hundred per cent in the dielectric constant occur as moisture content varies for the range of moisture content normally encountered in the field; that an empirical relationship between dielectric constant and soil moisture exists.
Synbiotics, Prebiotics, Glutamine, or Peptide in Early Enteral Nutrition: A Randomized Study in Trauma Patients (2007)

Patients supplemented with synbiotics did better than the others, with lower intestinal permeability and fewer infections.
Development of a Multiplexed Urine Assay for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis (2008)

These data confirm and extend previously reported studies and demonstrate the performance of a clinical prototype assay that should aid urologists in identifying men who should undergo biopsy.
Observation of plasmon-enhanced optical extinction in silver-coated silver bromide nanoparticles (1991)

Silver bromide nanoparticles exposed briefly to intense UV light in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) have optical extinction spectra similar to those computed for distributions of silver-coated silver bromide nanoparticles. With longer exposure times the plasmon resonance maximum is shifted to shorter wavelengths, a result consistent with theory so long as the coat thickness increases with exposure to light. The resonance maximum of the distribution of coated particles can be controllably shifted from 400 up to 700 nm.
Kinect based people identification system using fusion of clustering and classification (2015)

The demand of human identification in a non-intrusive manner has risen increasingly in recent years. Several works have already been done in this context using gait-cycle detection from human skeleton data using Microsoft Kinect as a data capture sensor. In this paper we have proposed a novel method for automatic human identification in real time using the fusion of both supervised and unsupervised learning on gait-based features in an efficient way using Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory. Performance comparison of the proposed fusion based algorithm is done with that of the standard supervised or unsupervised algorithm and it needs to be mentioned that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve 71% recognition accuracy.
Status of the White-beaked Dolphin, Lagenorhynchus albirostris, in Canada (2001)

White-beaked Dolphins are common and abundant in the north Atlantic.Abundance appears greater in northeastern areas compared to the northwestern Atlantic where its range extends from Davis Strait to the Hague Line on George's Bank, and into U.S. waters.Relationships between populations observed in different areas are not known.Total or local populations are not known to be reduced or depleted.The biology and ecology of this species has been incompletely studied.It occurs in social groups ranging from dozens to hundreds of individuals; there is some indication that groups may segregate based on age/maturity.Sexual maturity occurs in females at lengths from 1.74 to 2.49 m; 50% are mature at 2.42 m.Males are larger at sexual maturity (2.51 to 2.57 m).Factors limiting northwestern Atlantic White-beaked Dolphins may include hunting, incidental entrapments in fishing gear, ice entrapments and, possibly, pollution.Such factors should be monitored carefully but are not, at present, believed to have substantial impacts on the species, although there may be reduction of some local populations.Factors such as ice entrapments, parasites, infections, mass strandings and predation are recognized as naturally occurring mortality and are not presumed to normally limit the species.There is no evidence of any major threat to this species in zones under Canadian jurisdiction.However, careful monitoring of hunting activities in Labrador is recommended and fisheries by-catches should be carefully monitored.
Human Submandibular Saliva Aggregates HIV (1993)

Incubation of HIV with human whole, parotid, or submandibular saliva leads to a decrease in viral infectivity in Sup-T1 cells. The effect is most pronounced with submandibular saliva. Inhibition is seen within 2 min, and increases with time. There is little inhibition seen after incubation of saliva with HSV, and no effect with adenovirus, suggested that there is some viral specificity. Electron microscopic studies revealed that HIV-saliva aggregates are trapped in 0.45-microns pore size nitrocellulose filters. If these inhibitory effects are manifest in vivo, this could account for the low level of virus detected in oral secretions.
22.0% Efficient Laser Doped back Contact Solar Cells (2013)

We present the first laser doped interdigitated back contacted solar cells with efficiency η = 22.0%. The cell area is 2 x 2 cm2, and contains the metallization of both busbars. The high flexibility and spatial resolution of our laser doping process enables local n-type and p-type doping with a precision below 30 μm and avoids any masking process.
Contrast M-mode echocardiography in diagnosis of atrial septal defect in acyanotic patients. (1979)

Contrast echocardiograms during normal quiet respiration and during the Valsalva maneuver were performed in 15 patients with atrial septal defect (ASD) by injecting saline solution into an antecubital vein. Contrast shunting (the appearance of contrast echoes in the left heart) was observed not only in four patients with severe pulmonary hypertension (group 2), but also in 11 patients with uncomplicated ASD (group 1). Contrast shunting was prominent in all group 2 patients. In group 1, contrast shunting was sometimes subtle and difficult to recognize, but at other times was very obvious and similar to the findings in group 2. Contrast shunting was generally more pronounced during the Valsalva maneuver than during normal respiration, although there were exceptions. The amount of contrast appearing in the left heart did not correlate with the size of the defect. Small right-to-left shunts which are clinically insignificant but detectable by contrast echocardiography are present, or can be provoked by the Valsalva maneuver, in most patients with ASD. Contrast echocardiography is a useful, noninvasive method to detect interatrial communication, even in acyanotic patients.
A fully-differential Symmetrical OTA-based rail-to-rail Switched Buffer (2007)

A CMOS low-voltage low-power switched OTA, optimized for its buffer configuration, suitable for both many portable applications and as input stage in digital architectures, is here presented. The circuit is a fully differential topology based on a symmetrical OTA featuring a rail-to-rail input and a reduced CMRR. It has been designed in a standard CMOS 0.35 mum technology and operates at 2V single supply voltage, showing a maximum power consumption of about 560 muW. Simulation results have confirmed the validity of the proposed architecture and have shown a -85dB THD for 100 kHz clock frequency, when a single tone input with lVpp amplitude at 10 kHz is applied.
DGAT1-dependent triacylglycerol storage by macrophages protects mice from diet-induced insulin resistance and inflammation (2010)

Diet-induced obesity (DIO) leads to inflammatory activation of macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT) and subsequently to insulin resistance. PPARgamma agonists are antidiabetic agents known to suppress inflammatory macrophage activation and to induce expression of the triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis enzyme acyl CoA: diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) in WAT and in adipocytes. Here, we investigated in mice the relationship between macrophage lipid storage capacity and DIO-associated inflammatory macrophage activation. Mice overexpressing DGAT1 in both macrophages and adipocytes (referred to herein as aP2-Dgat1 mice) were more prone to DIO but were protected against inflammatory macrophage activation, macrophage accumulation in WAT, systemic inflammation, and insulin resistance. To assess the contribution of macrophage DGAT1 expression to this phenotype, we transplanted wild-type mice with aP2-Dgat1 BM. These mice developed DIO similar to that of control mice but retained the protection from WAT inflammation and insulin resistance seen in aP2-Dgat1 mice. In isolated macrophages, Dgat1 mRNA levels correlated directly with TG storage capacity and inversely with inflammatory activation by saturated fatty acids (FAs). Moreover, PPARgamma agonists increased macrophage Dgat1 mRNA levels, and the protective effects of these agonists against FA-induced inflammatory macrophage activation were absent in macrophages isolated from Dgat1-null mice. Thus, increasing DGAT1 expression in murine macrophages increases their capacity for TG storage, protects against FA-induced inflammatory activation, and is sufficient to reduce the inflammatory and metabolic consequences of DIO.
Correlation of the luminescence perturbation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine with the path of halogen-sensitized photoionization (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of the luminescence perturbation of N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine with the path of halogen-sensitized photoionizationWilfred Clarence MeyerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1970, 74, 10, 2127–2132Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100909a014https://doi.org/10.1021/j100909a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of 3‐Halo‐Substituted Coumarins, Chromenes, and Quinolones with Various Nitrogen‐Containing Nucleophiles (2011)

Abstract An efficient and general palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction between 3‐bromocoumarins, 3‐bromoquinolin‐2(1 H )‐ones, and 3‐iodo‐2 H ‐chromenes with a variety of nitrogen‐containing nucleophiles (azole, amide, lactam, sulfonamide, aniline, amine, and urea) is described. The reaction proceeded rapidly and cleanly in dioxane providing the coupling products in good to excellent yields. The chemoselectivity of this reaction was also studied with polyhalocoumarins. Under optimized conditions, these underwent a site‐selective amination at the C‐3–Br bond, regardless of the nature of the nitrogen‐containing nucleophile used.
Energy efficiency improvement and cost saving opportunities for petroleum refineries (2005)

The petroleum refining industry in the United States is the largest in the world, providing inputs to virtually any economic sector, including the transport sector and the chemical industry. The industry operates 146 refineries (as of January 2004) around the country, employing over 65,000 employees. The refining industry produces a mix of products with a total value exceeding $151 billion. Refineries spend typically 50 percent of cash operating costs (i.e., excluding capital costs and depreciation) on energy, making energy a major cost factor and also an important opportunity for cost reduction. Energy use is also a major source of emissions in the refinery industry making energy efficiency improvement an attractive opportunity to reduce emissions and operating costs. Voluntary government programs aim to assist industry to improve competitiveness through increased energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact. ENERGY STAR (R), a voluntary program managed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, stresses the need for strong and strategic corporate energy management programs. ENERGY STAR provides energy management tools and strategies for successful corporate energy management programs. This Energy Guide describes research conducted to support ENERGY STAR and its work with the petroleum refining industry. This research provides information on potential energy efficiency opportunities for petroleum refineries. This Energy Guide introduces energy efficiency opportunities available for petroleum refineries. It begins with descriptions of the trends, structure, and production of the refining industry and the energy used in the refining and conversion processes. Specific energy savings for each energy efficiency measure based on case studies of plants and references to technical literature are provided. If available, typical payback periods are also listed. The Energy Guide draws upon the experiences with energy efficiency measures of petroleum refineries worldwide. The findings suggest that given available resources and technology, there are opportunities to reduce energy consumption cost-effectively in the petroleum refining industry while maintaining the quality of the products manufactured. Further research on the economics of the measures, as well as the applicability of these to individual refineries, is needed to assess the feasibility of implementation of selected technologies at individual plants.
Geometric Folding Algorithms: Bridging Theory to Practice (2009)

Abstract : I. RECONFIGURABLE ROBOTS a.) Solved the hinged dissection problem, which was over a 100 years old, proving that any finite collection of shapes have a hinged dissection. b.) Proved that crystalline robots can reconfigure extremely efficiently: O(log n) time and O(n) moves. c.) Proved that any orthogonal polyhedron can be folded from a single, universal crease pattern (box pleating). II. ORIGAMI DESIGN a.) Developed mathematical theory for what happens in paper between creases, in particular for the case of circular creases. b.) Circular crease origami on permanent exhibition at MoMA in New York. c.) Developing mathematical theory of Tomohiro Tachi's Origamizer framework for efficiently folding any polyhedron from a sheet of paper. d.) Developing mathematical theory of Robert Lang's TreeMaker framework for efficiently folding tree-shaped origami bases.
Direct measurement of brain glucose concentrations in humans by 13C NMR spectroscopy. (1992)

Glucose is the main fuel for energy metabolism in the normal human brain. It is generally assumed that glucose transport into the brain is not rate-limiting for metabolism. Since brain glucose concentrations cannot be determined directly by radiotracer techniques, we used 13C NMR spectroscopy after infusing enriched D-[1-13C]glucose to measure brain glucose concentrations at euglycemia and at hyperglycemia (range, 4.5-12.1 mM) in six healthy children (13-16 years old). Brain glucose concentrations averaged 1.0 +/- 0.1 mumol/ml at euglycemia (4.7 +/- 0.3 mM plasma) and 1.8-2.7 mumol/ml at hyperglycemia (7.3-12.1 mM plasma). Michaelis-Menten parameters of transport were calculated to be Kt = 6.2 +/- 1.7 mM and Tmax = 1.2 +/- 0.1 mumol/g.min from the relationship between plasma and brain glucose concentrations. The brain glucose concentrations and transport constants are consistent with transport not being rate-limiting for resting brain metabolism at plasma levels greater than 3 mM.
Beam Efficiency of Wireless Power Transmission via Radio Waves from Short Range to Long Range (2010)

Wireless power transmission (WPT) is useful technology in near future. There are some kinds of the WPT technologies, WPT via radio waves, resonance coupling, and inductive. Especially the WPT via radio waves is used for multi-purposes from short range to long range application. However, unfortunately it is misunderstood that it is low efficiency and low power. In this paper, I show the theory of beam efficiency between transmitting antennas and receiving antennas and also show some high efficient applications of the WPT via radio waves. Especially, I pick up a wireless power charging system of an electric vehicle and show the experimental results. I show difference between the theory of beam efficiency and the experimental results of short range WPT. I indicate that reasons of poor beam efficiency in the experiment are (1) change of impedance caused by mutual coupling between transmitting antennas and receiving antennas, (2) oblique direction of microwave power to receiving antennas caused by short distance.
Class-D power amplifier with RF pulse-width modulation (2010)

Single-ended (monopolar) and push-pull (bipolar) power amplifiers (PAs) are based upon complementary class-D PAs. The radio-frequency pulse-width modulation (RFPWM) waveform is produced in software and downloaded to a programmable-waveform generator. The PAs operate at 500 kHz and produce peak outputs of 100 W (monopolar) and 187 W (bipolar) with 85-percent efficiency. These amplifiers exhibit excellent linearity; IM products for single-tone AM and two-tone signals are about 40 dB below the desired sidebands. High efficiency is maintained over a dynamic range of 13 to 15 dB. This results in average efficiencies of 84 percent for signals with peak-to-average ratios up to 6 dB and 80 percent for a peak-to-average ratio of 10 dB. RFPWM also produces a clean output spectrum in which the spurious products are well removed from the desired signal.