gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of pre and postnatal exposure to low levels of polybromodiphenyl ethers on neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels at 4 years of age (2011)

There are at present very few studies of the effects of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs), used as flame retardants in consumer products, on neurodevelopment or thyroid hormone levels in humans. The present study aims to examine the association between pre and postnatal PBDE concentrations and neurodevelopment and thyroid hormone levels in children at age 4years and isolate the effects of PBDEs from those of PCBs, DDT, DDE and HCB. A prospective birth cohort in Menorca (Spain) enrolled 482 pregnant mothers between 1997 and 1998. At 4years, children were assessed for motor and cognitive function (McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities), attention-deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ADHD-DSM-IV) and social competence (California Preschool Social Competence Scale). PBDE concentrations were measured in cord blood (N=88) and in serum of 4years olds (N=244). Among all congeners analyzed only PBDE 47 was quantified in a reasonable number of samples (LOQ=0.002ng/ml). Exposure to PBDE 47 was analyzed as a dichotomous variable: concentrations above the LOQ (exposed) and concentrations below (referents). Scores for cognitive and motor functions were always lower in children pre and postnatally exposed to PBDE47 than in referents, but none of these associations was statistically significant (β coefficient (95%CI) of the total cognition score: -2.7 (-7.0, 1.6) for postnatal exposure, and -1.4 (-9.2, 6.5) for prenatal exposure). Postnatal exposure to PBDE 47 was statistically significantly related to an increased risk of symptoms on the attention deficit subscale of ADHD symptoms (RR (95%CI)=1.8 (1.0, 3.2)) but not to hyperactivity symptoms. A statistically significant higher risk of poor social competence symptoms was observed as a consequence of postnatal PBDE 47 exposure (RR (95%CI)=2.6 (1.2, 5.9)). Adjustment for other organochlorine compounds did not influence the results. Levels of thyroid hormones were not associated to PBDE exposure. This study highlights the importance of assessing the effects of PBDE exposure not just prenatally but also during the early years of life. In the light of current evidence a precautionary approach towards PBDE exposure of both mothers and children seems warranted.
Optimal methods for coordinated enroute web caching for tree networks (2005)

Web caching is an important technology for improving the scalability of Web services. One of the key problems in coordinated enroute Web caching is to compute the locations for storing copies of an object among the enroute caches so that some specified objectives are achieved. In this article, we address this problem for tree networks, and formulate it as a maximization problem. We consider this problem for both unconstrained and constrained cases. The constrained case includes constraints on the cost gain per node and on the number of object copies to be placed. We present dynamic programming-based solutions to this problem for different cases and theoretically show that the solutions are either optimal or convergent to optimal solutions. We derive efficient algorithms that produce these solutions. Based on our mathematical model, we also present a solution to coordinated enroute Web caching for autonomous systems as a natural extension of the solution for tree networks. We implement our algorithms and evaluate our model on different performance metrics through extensive simulation experiments. The implementation results show that our methods outperform the existing algorithms of either coordinated enroute Web caching for linear topology or object placement (replacement) at individual nodes only.
Pulse coupled neural networks (PCNN), wavelets and radial basis functions: olfactory sensor applications (2002)

This paper focuses on novel approaches to olfactory sensor signal analysis: 1) PCNN focusing, 2) wavelet characterization and 3) radial basis function detection of anomalies. Novel decision aide approaches are developed to facilitate design of routines to automatically trigger calibration and/or analysis when transient signals indicate an anomaly. These three signal analysis steps are integrated into a decision system to separate sensor faults from targets, and then recalibrate the target detection and identification procedures.
Realization of a blue‐light‐emitting device using poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylene) (1992)

Blue light emission from poly( p ‐phenylene) , PPP, at room temperature is reported. Thin films of the polymer have been incorporated into an electroluminescent device (see figure) which constitutes the first polymer‐based blue‐light‐emitting diode (LED), a significant step towards, for example, the development of full‐color LED computer screens. The polymer LED has advantages of stability over its low‐molecular‐weight anologues and ease of fabrication over inorganic semiconductor‐based devices. magnified image
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Cortical Activity Evoked by Gustatory Stimulation in Humans (1999)

Gustatory activated regions in the cerebral cortex have not been identified precisely in humans. In this study we recorded the magnetic fields from the brain in response to two tastants, 1 M NaCl and 3 mM saccharin. We estimated the location of areas activated sequentially after the onset of stimulation with magnetic source imaging. We investigated the primary gustatory area (area G) precisely, and found it at the transition between the parietal operculum and the insular cortex. The central sulcus was activated less frequently than area G but with almost the same latency in cases of NaCl stimulation. Following area G, we found activation in several cortical regions, e.g. both the frontal operculum and the anterior part of the insula, the hippocampus, the parahippocampal gyrus and the superior temporal sulcus.
Assessing Degree of Cook During Corn Nixtamalization: Impact of Processing Variables (1999)

ABSTRACT Nixtamalization involves cooking and steeping corn in a lime solution, washing the corn (nixtamal), and stone grinding nixtamal to form a corn dough or masa. Masa is used to produce nixtamalized products (corn tortillas, tortilla chips, corn chips, taco shells, etc.) by forming and baking or deepfat frying. The degree of corn kernel cook determines the quality and texture of masa. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used as an experimental design to study the impact of process variables (cook temperature, cook time, initial steep temperature, and steep time) on the degree of cook measured using a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). RSM data exhibited significant ( P < 0.005), although not predictive, linear models for RVA peak viscosity ( r 2 = 0.63), setback ( r 2 = 0.61), final viscosity ( r 2 = 0.61), and peak time ( r 2 = 0.57), indicating a dependence of these parameters on nixtamalization conditions. Peak viscosity, setback, and final viscosity increased linearly with steep time. DSC enthalpy ( r 2 = 0.83) and peak temperature ( r 2 = 0.89) of freezedried masa also exhibited significant ( P < 0.0001) linear regression models with processing variables. DSC enthalpy increased with an increase in steep time, suggesting that starch is annealed during steeping. This study demonstrated that fundamental starch properties were altered on extended steeping during nixtamalization.
Deploying ICN islands in a sea of IP — The role of interconnection and business models: Poster paper (2017)

Information-Centric Networking (ICN) is a research field that aims to optimize the Future Internet architecture for the distribution of information and content. Content distribution has emerged as a major use of the Internet infrastructure, explaining the relevance of ICN for the Future Internet. For successful deployment of ICN, its information-centric architecture needs to be supported by business models that provide proper economic incentives to network operators and end users. Although caching is a crucial function in ICN networking, we argue that it does not need to be part of ICN business models. Working from this premise, we identify a set of basic interconnection steps that support the growth, merge and interconnection of ICN islands in the IP Internet. The feasibility and ordering of the steps depend on the uptake of applications over ICN but also on further technical developments in ICN networking, such as ICN inter-domain routing.
Sur les états énergétiques comparatifs des noyaux azulénique et naphtalénique (1940)

Abstract En vue de diférencier l'énergie interne d'un système bicyclique azulénique (noyau cyclopentano‐heptanique) de celle d'un système naphtalénique, on a préparé les deux isomères: gaïazulène (1,4‐diméthyl‐7‐isopropyl‐azulène) et cadalène (3,8‐diméthyl‐5‐isopropylnaphtalène) et déterminé les chaleurs de combustion de ces deux corps. On a trouvé respectivement, pour ces deux chaleurs de combustion, les valeurs \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ Q_{v(\hbox{ga{\"\i}azul\`ene})} = 2022,9\hbox{Cal. et} Q_{v(\hbox{cadal{\`e}ne})} = 1993,4\hbox{Cal}$\end{document} La différence de 29,5 Cal. est de beaucoup supérieure aux erreurs d'expérience.
Cooperative and non-cooperative ARQ protocols for microwave recharged sensor nodes (2005)

The generic autonomous platform for sensor systems, or GAP4S, is a maintenance-free wireless sensor network in which the sensor battery needs not be replaced. Power is delivered to the sensor via a microwave signal that is radiated by a base-station. The base-station also acts as the entry point to a wider communication network, e.g., the Internet. This paper describes three automatic repeat request (ARQ) protocols that may be used in GAP4S to yield reliable and fair data transmission from the sensor nodes to the base-station. Two of the protocols take advantage of cooperative communication, whereby neighboring sensor nodes help during the retransmission process. The presented analysis on the saturation throughput of the ARQ protocols helps quantify the gain achievable when cooperative communication is used in GAP4S in a variety of working conditions.
Wideband, wide scanning conformal arrays with practical integrated feeds (2013)

A key challenge in designing wideband dipole arrays is developing a wideband balun that is sufficiently compact to fit within a single unit cell. A new technique has recently been developed which uses the the reactance of a compact balun as an impedance matching network to improve the bandwidth of a Tightly Coupled Dipole Array (TCDA). In this paper, we apply this technique to two TCDA designs, with and without resistive loading. The first design uses a compact balun and low-loss materials to achieve 7.2:1 bandwidth, with VSWR 70% efficiency across most of the band.
Matching software fault tolerance and application needs (2002)

The designation "fault tolerant software" has been used for techniques ranging from roll-back and retry to N-version programming, from data mirroring to functional redundancy. If the term is to be meaningful, qualifying definitions are required. This paper attempts to provide these by analyzing the capabilities of representative software fault tolerance techniques described in prior literature and matching these with the needs of representative environments in which fault tolerance may be applied. This paper suggests five categories for comparison of application needs and fault-tolerance capabilities: accuracy, deadline, state preservation, coverage, and economy of resources. It then shows how representative needs and capabilities can be characterized in identical terms by these categories. Algorithms are developed for either ranking (ordering) the importance of categories or assigning weighting factors to them. The algorithms suggest partially-suitable matches where there is no complete match between the application needs and the capabilities of fault-tolerance techniques. Examples of the selection technique are presented.
Plasma emission from laser ablation of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 (1988)

Emission spectra generated during the excimer laser ablation of the high-temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7 at 193 nm are presented. The feasibility of using this emission as a signal source for a thin-film deposition process monitor is discussed. Results indicate the formation of a partially ionized plasma above the target surface.
Floor control for large-scale MBone seminars (1997)

Article Free Access Share on Floor control for large-scale MBone seminars Authors: Radhika Malpani Computer Science Division - EECS University of California, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division - EECS University of California, Berkeley, CASearch about this author , Lawrence A. Rowe Computer Science Division - EECS University of California, Berkeley, CA Computer Science Division - EECS University of California, Berkeley, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '97: Proceedings of the fifth ACM international conference on MultimediaNovember 1997Pages 155–163https://doi.org/10.1145/266180.266356Published:01 November 1997Publication History 29citation311DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations29Total Downloads311Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
A low power CMOS adaptive line equalizer for fast Ethernet (2003)

An analog adaptive line equalizer has been developed for 155 Mbps fast Ethernet data communication up to 100 m UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cable. The proposed adaptive equalizer is designed for the 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The designed equalizer has low power consumption (19 mW) and small silicon area (0.07 mm/sup 2/).
Targeting cancer-specific synthetic lethality in double-strand DNA break repair (2009)

There is interest in the use of DNA repair inhibitors as sensitizers of classic cytotoxic therapy against cancer. However, there is also risk -- theoretical, at least -- that such a strategy may increase the side effects of traditional therapies, including but not limited to treatment-related secondary malignancies. Before being brought to clinical application, therefore, important questions remain to be answered regarding how these therapies will be tailored to achieve benefit without concomitantly increasing harm. A potential solution may involve targeting so-called "synthetic lethalities" in tumor DNA repair pathways; taking advantage of defects acquired in DNA repair pathways during tumorigenesis by targeting alternative repair pathways on which the tumor critically depends. Conceivably, as repair pathways are functional in normal tissue, such targeted therapy should be relatively tumor-specific and non-toxic. We review here the rationale for this strategy, describe examples of its application, and outline potential strengths and weaknesses of this approach. For simplicity, a focus will be placed on the repair of double-strand breaks as a model system, but the conceptual framework is generally applicable to many other pathways of DNA repair.
Sitagliptin, a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor, Decreases Systolic Blood Pressure in Japanese Hypertensive Patients with Type 2 Diabetes (2011)

Sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor, is a newly developed oral hypoglycemic agent. Sitagliptin increases the level of glucagon-like polypeptide (GLP)-1 that increases insulin secretion. In addition, GLP-1 decreases salt intake and increases urinary salt excretion. Therefore, the sitagliptin treatment might lower blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes. It also remains to be examined whether the reduction in blood pressure with sitagliptin treatment is related to the blood glucose improvement and the body weight decrease. To identify beneficial effects of sitagliptin treatment, we administered sitagliptin (50 mg) on alternate days to seventeen type 2 diabetes outpatients with insufficient blood glucose control (8 males and 9 females; mean age of 67.1 years). The patients were also treated with oral hypoglycemic agents and antihypertensive drugs for six months before and during the sitagliptin administration. We measured the level of hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and body mass index (BMI) for up to six months thereafter. Their BMIs remained unchanged. The levels of HbA1c were dropped from 6.5 ± 0.3% to 5.8 ± 0.3%, while SBP was also dropped from 130.0 ± 37.2 mmHg to 119.7 ± 9.4 mmHg. However, the degree of the decrease in HbA1c levels was not significantly correlated with that of SBP (r = 0.24). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that sitagliptin lowers SBP without reducing BMI, independent of the blood glucose reduction. The hypotensive effect is apparent with the alternate-day regimen of sitagliptin at a lower dose compared to the everyday medication.
Carbon−Nitrogen Bond Formation from the Reaction of Ammonia with Dicarbon on the Pt(111) Surface (2007)

The reaction of NH3 with C2 molecules on a Pt(111) surface was investigated using temperature programmed desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy. Surface C2, which was prepared by dissociative adsorption of acetylene (C2H2) at 750 K, reacts with NH3 to form C−N bonds as revealed by the desorption of HCN and C2N2 at 570 and 650 K, respectively. The formation of C−N bonds was also detected with XPS when the NH3/C2 layer was annealed from 85 to 200 K through the appearance of a chemically shifted C 1s peak at 286.5 eV, which is well-resolved from the unreacted C 1s peak at 284.3 eV. Comparison of calculated and experimental RAIRS data indicates that C−N bond formation involves an HCCNH2 surface intermediate.
An Improved MyProxy System in Grid by Using Hardware Security Devices (2006)

Globus, the most popular toolkit of grid, has been used to develop grid system conveniently. It comprises several security subsystems and MyProxy is an important one of them. As an online credential repository of GSI, MyProxy prevents the users from copying his credentials and private keys between computers. We provide a modified MyProxy by integrating hardware devices into it and construct a system to provide services of key management, crypto operations, etc. By using cryptography and network technologies, the security of the improved MyProxy is enhanced largely.
Optimization of Tether Length in Nonglycosidically Linked Bivalent Ligands That Target Sites 2 and 1 of a <i>Shiga</i>-like Toxin (2003)

A series of bivalent ligands for a Shiga-like toxin have been synthesized, their experimentally determined inhibitory activities were compared with a simplified thermodynamic model, and computer simulations were used to predict the optimal tether length in bivalent ligands. The design of the inhibitors exploits the proximity of the C-2' hydroxyl groups of two P(k)-trisaccharides when bound to two different, neighboring carbohydrate recognizing binding sites located on the surface of Shiga-like toxin. NMR studies of the complex between the toxin and bivalent ligands show that site 2 and site 1 of a single B subunit are simultaneously occupied by a tethered P(k)-trisaccharide dimer. A simplified thermodynamic treatment provides the intrinsic affinities and binding energies for the intermolecular and intramolecular association events and permits the deconvolution of the contributions to the relative binding energies for the set of bivalent ligands. Conformational analysis based on MD simulations for bivalent galabioside dimers containing different tethers demonstrated that the calculated local concentrations of the pendant ligand at the second binding site correlate with the experimentally determined relative affinity values of the respective bivalent ligands, thereby providing a predictive method to optimize tether length.
Current drive methods to extend the range of travel of electrostatic microactuators beyond the voltage pull-in point (2002)

When a voltage source drives an electrostatic parallel plate actuator, the well-known pull-in instability limits the range of displacement to 1/3 of the gap. Different strategies have been reported to overcome this limitation. More recently, experimental results have been presented using a capacitor in series with the actuator. Nevertheless, this strategy requires higher voltage than the pull-in voltage value to achieve full range of travel. In order to reduce the operating voltage, a switched-capacitor configuration has been also proposed. In this paper, two different approaches are introduced to control charge in the actuator by means of current driving. Theoretical equations derived for each method show that full range of travel can be achieved without voltage penalty. Both approaches are based on the use of current pulses injecting the required amount of charge to fix the position of the movable plate. Experimental measurements, showing that displacement beyond the pull-in point can be achieved, are in good agreement with the theoretical and the predicted simulated behavior.
Polytetrafluoroethylene. Heat Resistant, Chemically Inert Plastic (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolytetrafluoroethylene. Heat Resistant, Chemically Inert PlasticM. M. Renfrew and E. E. LewisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 9, 870–877Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50441a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50441a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views736Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Theoretical Study of Epidural Electrical Stimulation of the Spinal Cord - Part II: Effects on Long Myelinated Fibers (1985)

This second paper, of two, draws upon earlier finite element solutions for electrical fields generated within the spinal cord by epidural electrodes. Given those fields, a lumped network model of the myelinated nerve axon is used to predict stimulation thresholds for afferent fiber pathways in the dorsal columns and dorsal roots. Threshold predictions for dorsal column fibers of 5 and 10 , im diameters correspond closely with sensory thresholds reported experimentally. Descending fibers in the lateral corticospinal tracts are also considered. Comparisons are made to other possible targets of stimulation, and the theoretical indications are discussed in the context of clinical findings.