gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave detection of cosmic ray showers at the Pierre Auger Observatory (2011)

Microwave emission from the electromagnetic cascade induced in the atmosphere by ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECR) may allow for a novel detection technique, which combines the advantages of the well-established fluo- rescence technique - the reconstruction of the shower profil e - with a 100% duty cycle, minimal atmospheric attenuation and the use of low-cost commercial equipment. Two complementary techniques are currently being pursued at the Pierre Auger Observatory. AMBER (Air-shower Microwave Bremsstrahlung Experimental Radiometer), MIDAS (Microwave Detection of Air Showers) and FDWave are prototypes for a large imaging dish antenna. In EASIER (Extensive Air Shower Identification using Electron Radiometer), the micr owave emission is detected by antenna horns located on each surface detector of the Auger Observatory. MIDAS is a self-triggering system while AMBER, FDWave, and EASIER use the trigger from the Auger detectors to record the emission. The coincident detection of UHECR by the microwave prototype detectors and the fluorescence and surface detect ors will prove the viability of this novel technique. The sta tus of microwave R&D activities at the Pierre Auger Observatory will be reported.
Using Conical and Spherical Mirrors with Conventional Cameras for 360°; Panorama Views in a Single Image (2006)

Conventional video cameras with projective lens have restricted fields of view. Adding mirrors of different shapes, 360° panoramic views can be achieved in a single image. For robotic football, we envisage a simple and low cost setup. The system presented uses a single home made conical mirror. The setup conditions can be easily adjusted to cover other mirror shapes, such as spherical, paraboloidal, hyperboloidal and other shapes generated by axial revolution. The single viewpoint restrictions, usually imposed for general uses, are overcome by the specific setup conditions.
Charge-transfer ion pairs. Structure and photoinduced electron transfer of carbonylmetalate salts (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge-transfer ion pairs. Structure and photoinduced electron transfer of carbonylmetalate saltsT. M. Bockman and Jay K. KochiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 13, 4669–4683Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00195a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00195a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views805Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of HARQ Scheme with Antenna Permutation and TCM Reassignment for Space-Time Transmission in Slow Nakagami-Rice Fading MIMO Channel (2004)

SUMMARY An automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) scheme for improv-ing the system throughput eﬃciency is evaluated in coded multiple-inputmultiple-output (MIMO) transmissions. Supplementary trellis-coded mod-ulation (TCM) code has been proposed for hybrid ARQ schemes. The freedistance of the TCM after code combining can be increased by employingdiﬀerent TCM codes for retransmissions. The MIMO scheme oﬀers addi-tional ﬂexibility in preventing successive frame errors by changing the con-nections between transmitters and transmit antennas upon retransmission.In this paper, an ARQ strategy employing both TCM reassignment and an-tenna permutation technique is investigated. It is shown through computersimulations that this ARQ scheme achieves high throughput even in severeconditions of low signal-to-noise ratio and high Rician factor over spatiallyand temporally correlated Nakagami-Rice fading MIMO channels. key words: hybrid ARQ, multiple antenna technique, spatial multiplexing,trellis-coded modulation, space-time transmission, MIMO channel, con-stellation diversity
High index contrast waveguides in chalcogenide glass and polymer (2005)

We review various properties of chalcogenide glasses that make them promising materials for passive and active microphotonics. We then describe two processes for channel waveguide fabrication, using the chalcogenide glass As/sub 2/Se/sub 3/ as a core material and compatible polymers as claddings. In the first approach, waveguides are patterned directly in the chalcogenide film by photoexposure through a mask followed by selective wet etching. This technique has produced shallow rib waveguides with losses as low as 0.26 dB/cm and small modal area photonic wire waveguides with losses on the order of 10 dB/cm. In the second approach, waveguide patterning is achieved by using an organic photoresist as a mask for selective photodoping of silver into the chalcogenide glass. Selective wet etching produced strip waveguides with smooth and highly vertical sidewalls. We report preliminary light guiding results for these latter structures.
Purification, characterization, and serologic characteristics of Bacteroides nodosus pili and use of a purified pili vaccine in sheep (1983)

Hair-like appendages (pili) were isolated and purified from Bacteroides nodosus, the etiologic agent of foot rot disease in sheep. Microscopic and biochemical analyses indicated that pili from organisms isolated in Australia, New Zealand, and the United States are morphologically and structurally similar. Pili are filamentous assemblies of identical protein subunits. Using specific antisera raised in rabbits against pili, 7 antigenic types were identified. A geographic pattern in the distribution of the pilus serotypes was not evident. In a preliminary vaccine trial, sheep vaccinated with purified pili developed resistance to challenge exposure to B nodosus. Protection was correlated positively with the serum anti-pilus antibody titers.
Automated three-dimensional image analysis of thick and overlapped clusters in cytologic preparations. Application to cytologic smears. (1993)

Methods are presented for automated analysis of thick and heavily overlapped regions of cytologic preparations, such as cervical/vaginal smears. Current systems are unable to process these regions although they contain diagnostically valuable information. We argue that analysis of such regions is inherently a three-dimensional (3-D) problem that cannot be solved reliably with conventional two-dimensional methods. Furthermore, this issue cannot be side-stepped by special thin preparation methods. Even with 3-D imaging, analysis of these regions is complicated by the high variability in the image gray level and textural features resulting from the uncontrollable cell overlaps and folds and large computational requirements. A novel approach based on 3-D imaging and adaptive 3-D analysis algorithms based on the principles of localization, adaptive data reduction and clustering theory is presented. It was successful in detecting and separating deeply embedded and overlapping nuclei, cytoplasmic folds and creases in thick and overlapped regions of conventional smears and special thin preparations.
The Role of Conscious Awareness in Consumer Behavior (2005)

Consumer behavior can be influenced by mental processes that occur outside of conscious awareness. It is argued that in each domain of automaticity, researchers should specify the aspects of which consumers are presumably unaware. Three types of awareness are identified. These include awareness of (a) the environmental features that trigger an automatic process, (b) the automatic process itself, and (c) the outcome of that automatic process. Individuals may be unaware of one or more of these stages, thereby making the process nonconscious. With additional clarity regarding which aspects are nonconscious in which domains and the specific role that awareness plays, we can begin building a more comprehensive model of nonconscious processes in consumer behavior.
Autologous Fibrin Glue—Clinical Use and Sealing of High-Porosity Vascular Prostheses (1993)

Autologous fibrin glue was prepared in a new way by means of ethanol. From 42 patients 44 mL of blood with a mean plasma fibrinogen concentration of 3.7 mg/mL was drawn. The product of the preparation was a mean of 2.5 mL of fibrinogen concentrate with a concentration of 28 mg/mL. After addition of 0.3 part of thrombin solution containing calcium chloride and aprotinin, an antifibrinolytic agent, the total volume of two-component fibrin glue was 3.3 mL. The preparation was done in a closed system to ensure sterility and com pleted within ninety minutes. Twenty high-porosity double-velour vascular prostheses were sealed with autologous fibrin glue in the laboratory. The pro stheses were tight for blood up to a pressure higher than 300 mmHg, which was comparable to vascular prostheses impregnated with collagen, but to more than twice the pressure of 130 mmHg, where vascular prostheses preclotted with blood started leaking. Autologous fibrin glue imparts a nice white vascular graft with superior handling characteristics, since it is nonsticky compared with blood-clotted grafts and softer and more pliable than the vascular prostheses impregnated with collagen from the manufacturer. In addition autologous fi brin glue has the obvious advantages of safety from transmission of viral dis eases and from immunologic reactions.
Reducing operating voltage from 3, 2, to 1 volt and below-challenges and guidelines for possible solutions [CMOS] (2002)

We discuss challenges to reducing integrated circuit power consumption by reducing operating voltage, and guidelines for possible solutions via processing technology and circuit design. Migrating from 3-Volt to 2-Volt operation, the key issue is optimizing the processing technology to maintain the performance. At 1 Volt, interfacing low-voltage circuits with standard I/O becomes the main challenge. To go below 1 Volt, we must re-visit transistor design issues very carefully.
LEAping to conclusions: A computational reanalysis of late embryogenesis abundant proteins and their possible roles (2003)

There is evidence that Group 2 and Group 3 LEA proteins, though distinct, might be related. This relationship is also evident in the overlapping sets of keywords for the two Groups, emphasising alpha-helical structure and, at a larger scale, filaments, all of which fits well with experimental evidence that proteins from both Groups are natively unstructured, but become structured under stress conditions. The keywords support localisation of LEA proteins both in the nucleus and associated with the cytoskeleton, and a mode of action similar to chaperones, perhaps the cold shock chaperones, via a role in DNA-binding. In general, non-globular and low-complexity proteins, such as the LEA proteins, pose particular challenges in determining their functions and modes of action. Rather than masking off and ignoring low-complexity domains, novel tools and tool combinations are needed which are capable of analysing such proteins in their entirety.
Particulate Generation Mechanisms during Bulk Filling and Mitigation via New Glass Vial (2017)

Contamination with foreign particulate matter continues to be a leading cause of parenteral drug recalls, despite extensive control and inspection during manufacturing. Glass is a significant source of particulate matter contamination; however, the mechanism, source, and quantification have not been extensively analyzed. Quantification of particulate matter generation with lab simulations suggests that glass-to-glass contact on the filling line produces large quantities of glass particles of various sizes. A new strengthened glass vial with a low coefficient of friction surface is proposed to address this root cause of glass particle generation. Lab simulations and two line trials using this new vial demonstrated a substantial reduction of glass particulate generation, of resulting product contamination, as well as of the frequency of required filling line interventions. These results suggest that substantial reductions in particulate matter contamination of all types, glass and non-glass, can be achieved through the use of a new glass vial designed to effectively eliminate a root cause of glass particle generation.<i>LAY ABSTRACT:</i> Contamination with foreign particulate contamination continues to be a leading cause of injectable drug recalls, despite extensive control and inspection during manufacturing. Glass particles are one of the most common types of particulate identified; however, the generation mechanism has not been extensively studied. Lab simulations suggest that routine glass-to-glass contact of vials during the filling process results in large quantities of glass particulate. A new, strengthened glass vial with a low coefficient of friction surface is proposed to address this mechanism. Lab simulations and multiple filling line trials demonstrated a substantial reduction of glass particulate matter generation and product contamination with use of the new vial. These results suggest that this new vial reduces contamination risk by eliminating a root cause of glass particulate generation.
Losartan potassium lowers blood pressure measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (1995)

Losartan potassium, the first of a new class of potent and specific AT1-selective, non-peptide, angiotensin II antagonists, significantly reduces mean 24-h ambulatory blood pressure and trough clinic sitting blood pressure, and is well tolerated.
THE SYSTEM BaO–B <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> * (1949)

A bstract A phase‐equilibrium diagram of the system BaO–B 2 O 3 has been constructed from data obtained essentially by the quenching method. Four congruently melting compounds were identified: BaO·4B 2 O 3 , melting at 879 ± 5°C.; BaO·2B 2 O 3 , melting at 900 · 5°C.; BaO·B 2 O 3 , melting at 1095 ± 5°C.; and 3BaO·B 2 O 3 , melting at 1383 ± 5°C. Some optical properties of these compounds were determined with the petrographic microscope, and X‐ray diffraction data suitable for their identification were obtained. Barium metaborate, BaO·B 2 O 3 , showed an inversion occurring between 100° and 400°C. Mixtures containing less than 30% BaO were found to separate, on fusion, into two liquid layers; one layer contained 30% BaO and the other was nearly pure B 2 O 3 . A curve showing indices of refraction of the quenched glasses is presented.
Selective Oxidation of DNA Topoisomerase 1 Induces Systemic Sclerosis in the Mouse (2009)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disorder of great clinical heterogeneity. Its pathophysiology remains unclear. Our aim was to evaluate the relative roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and of the immune system using an original model of SSc. BALB/c and immunodeficient BALB/c SCID mice were injected s.c. with prooxidative agents (hydroxyl radicals, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrites, superoxide anions), bleomycin, or PBS everyday for 6 wk. Skin and lung fibrosis were assessed by histological and biochemical methods. Autoantibodies were detected by ELISA. The effects of mouse sera on H(2)O(2) production by endothelial cells and on fibroblast proliferation, and serum concentrations in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were compared with sera from patients with limited or diffuse SSc. We observed that s.c. peroxynitrites induced skin fibrosis and serum anti-CENP-B Abs that characterize limited SSc, whereas hypochlorite or hydroxyl radicals induced cutaneous and lung fibrosis and anti-DNA topoisomerase 1 autoantibodies that characterize human diffuse SSc. Sera from hypochlorite- or hydroxyl radical-treated mice and of patients with diffuse SSc contained high levels of AOPP that triggered endothelial production of H(2)O(2) and fibroblast hyperproliferation. Oxidized topoisomerase 1 recapitulated the effects of whole serum AOPP. SCID mice developed an attenuated form of SSc, demonstrating the synergistic role of the immune system with AOPP in disease propagation. We demonstrate a direct role for ROS in SSc and show that the nature of the ROS dictates the form of SSc. Moreover, this demonstration is the first that shows the specific oxidation of an autoantigen directly participates in the pathogenesis of an autoimmune disease.
New trends in image and video compression (2000)

Image and video compression have been the object of intensive research in the last thirty years. The field is now mature as is proven by the large number of applications that make use of this technology. Digital Video Broadcasting, Digital Versatile Disc, and Internet streaming are only a few of the applications that use compression technology. Image and video standards have played a key role in this deployment. Now is time to ask: are there any new ideas that may advance the current technology? Have we reached a saturation point in image and video compression research? Although the future is very difficult to predict, this paper will try to provide a brief overview to where this exciting area is heading. 1.
A Modified A–B Remmeter With Improved Directional Dependence and Thermal Neutron Sensitivity (1978)

We have modified the Andersson-Braun remmeter to improve the directional dependence of the instrument to thermal and fast neutrons and increase its sensitivity to thermal neutrons. The modifications consist of partially rounding the end of the instrument, moving the BF3 tube forward by 2 in., increasing the size of the holes in the boron-loaded polyethylene sleeve, replacing one of the boron-loaded end plugs with a polyethylene plug, changing the location of the other end plug, and adding a small disk of cadmium over the hole where the BF3 tube enters the moderator. The cost of making these modifications to the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory Andersson-Braun remmeters is about $50.00 each. These modifications to the instrument increase the thermal neutron sensitivity by a factor of about 3 when exposed at the side and a factor of about 9 at the end opposite the instrument packet. The high thermal sensitivity at the instrument packet end (a factor of 17) is eliminated, and the directional dependence to both thermal and fast neutrons is reduced to ± 10% (except at the instrument packet end). The sensitivity of the instrument to fast neutrons is increased by about 15%. The sensitivity of the modified remmeter to intermediate-neutron energy is increased and is similar to that of the 9-in sphere. We compare the readings of the modified instrument, the Andersson-Braun remmeter, and the 9-in-sphere remmeter with numerous spectra encountered in field application.
Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> nanorods bonded with graphene for high performance batteries (2015)

We synthesized a novel 2D hybrid material composed of Li<sub>2</sub>FeSiO<sub>4</sub> nanorods (LFSNRs) anchored on graphene.
Aluminum and Alzheimerʼs Disease (1983)

There are many medical conditions that increase brain Al concentrations without producing the dementia or neuronal degeneration (with "paired-helical filaments" [PHFs]) typical of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aluminum accumulations have been found in the nuclei of PHF-containing neurons in the brains of AD patients and elderly normal controls. We have, however, found no elevations of Al concentrations in the serum, cerebrospinal fluid, or hair in AD patients. These findings suggest that Al alone is not a "cause" of AD. Aluminum may be just a "marker" of PHF-bearing neurons, or AD patients may be "vulnerable" to Al neurotoxicity on the basis of some other neuronal dysfunction allowing Al to enter neuronal nuclei. It is too soon to tell whether any of the variety of experimental anti-Al approaches currently being evaluated have any effect on the rate of progression of AD symptoms.
On the Anodic Behavior of Copper in Aqueous Solutions of Orthophosphoric Acid (1936)

A copper surface anodically etched in aqueous solutions of orthophosphoric acid becomes as bright as though it had been polished, if voltage and current density are kept within definite limits. If properly controlled, anodic etching will reveal the crystalline structure of the metal. The phenomenon seems to be based on the passivation of the anode and is a function of concentration polarization. The anodic etch method has been applied to metal sections intended for metallographic examination; excellent results were obtained. As compared with the usual polishing method, the anodic has the advantage of being much more rapid and less expensive.
Connection level priority/pre-emption service for ATM based defence networks (2002)

Future military defence networks will use asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technology. This paper defines the requirement for a connection level priority/pre-emption service in ATM to meet the needs of defence networks and presents the factors affecting its implementation. A solution for the addition of the service to the control plane of the ATM protocol reference model is presented, followed by a discussion on its simulation in an OPNET model.
What can we sort in o(nlog n) time? (2002)

We define two conditions on a random access machine (RAM) with arithmetic and Boolean instructions and possible bounds on word and memory sizes. One condition asserts that we either restrict attention to short words or allow non-uniform programs. The second asserts that we either allow a large memory or a double-precision multiplication. Our main theorem shows that the RAM can sort in o(nlog n) time if and only if both of these conditions hold. This theorem breaks down into four upper bounds only one of which has been known before, and two lower bounds neither of which has been known.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chapter 16 Neurology (2009)

Subject Clinical Skills Communication Skills Pain Medicine Series Oxford Handbooks in Nursing