gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Linolenic Acid Synthesis and Modification of Chilling Resistance in Cotton Seedlings (1976)

The temperature at which cotton seeds (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germinated influenced the fatty acid composition of the polar lipids of developing root tips. Seeds were germinated at 15, 20, 25, and 30 C. As the temperature decreased the linolemic acid content of the polar lipid fraction increased. Sandoz 9785[4-chloro-5-(dimethylamino)-2-phenyl-3(2H)-pyridazinone] reduced the low temperature-induced increase in linolenic acid content of the polar lipids and reduced seedling ability to withstand 8 C chilling. The results are consistent with the conclusion that chilling resistance in cotton seedlings is related to the level of linolenic acid in the polar lipids in the developing root tips.
Degenerate nonlinear absorption and optical power limiting properties of asymmetrically substituted stilbenoid chromophoresElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b313185h/ (2004)

Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra (650–1000 nm) of a series of model chromophores were measured via a newly developed nonlinear absorption spectral technique based on a single and powerful femtosecond white-light continuum beam. The experimental results suggested that when either an electron-donor or an electron-acceptor was attached to a trans-stilbene at a para-position, an enhancement in molecular two-photon absorptivity was observed in both cases, particularly in the 650–800 nm region. However, the push–pull chromophores with both the donor and acceptor groups showed larger overall two-photon absorption cross-sections within the studied spectral region as compared to their mono-substituted analogues. The combined results of the solvent effect and the 1H-NMR studies indicated that stronger acceptors produce a more efficient intramolecular charge transfer character upon excitation, leading to increased molecular two-photon responses in this model-compound set. A fairly good 2PA based optical power limiting behavior from one of the model chromophores is also demonstrated.
Don Simón Rodríguez, el pedagogo andino (1771-1854) (desde Cundinamarca hasta la Araucanía) (2002)

Improvement in operating lung volumes is the principal change seen as a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation resolves and increase in inspiratory capacity is a useful guide to a reduction in dyspnea.
U‐251 revisited: genetic drift and phenotypic consequences of long‐term cultures of glioblastoma cells (2014)

It is well known that in vitro subculture represents a selection pressure on cell lines, and over time this may result in a genetic drift in the cancer cells. In addition, long-term cultures harbor the risk of cross-contamination with other cell lines. The consequences may have major impact on experimental results obtained in various laboratories, where the cell lines no longer reflect the original tumors that they are supposed to represent. Much neglected in the scientific community is a close monitoring of cell cultures by regular phenotypic and genetic characterization. In this report, we present a thorough characterization of the commonly used glioblastoma (GBM) model U-251, which in numerous publications has been wrongly identified as U-373, due to an earlier cross-contamination. In this work, the original U-251 and three subclones of U-251, commonly referred to as U-251 or U-373, were analyzed with regard to their DNA profile, morphology, phenotypic expression, and growth pattern. By array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), we show that only the original low-passaged U-251 cells, established in the 1960s, maintain a DNA copy number resembling a typical GBM profile, whereas all long-term subclones lost the typical GBM profile. Also the long-term passaged subclones displayed variations in phenotypic marker expression and showed an increased growth rate in vitro and a more aggressive growth in vivo. Taken together, the variations in genotype and phenotype as well as differences in growth characteristics may explain different results reported in various laboratories related to the U-251 cell line.
Attack and Defence of Ethereum Remote APIs (2018)

Ethereum, as the first Turing-complete blockchain platform, provides various application program interfaces for developers. Although blockchain has highly improved security, faulty configuration and usage can result in serious vulnerabilities. In this paper, we focus on the security vulnerabilities of the official Go-version Ethereum client (geth). The vulnerabilities are because of the insecure API design and the specific Ethereum wallet mechanism. We demonstrate attacks exploiting these vulnerabilities in an Ethereum testbed. The vulnerabilities are confirmed by the scanning results on the public Internet. Finally, corresponding countermeasures against attacks are provided to enhance the security of the Ethereum platform.
Testosterone levels in healthy men and the relation to behavioural and physical characteristics: facts and constructs (2001)

This review summarises the correlations between testosterone levels and male physical appearance and behaviour. Methodological shortcomings concerning the measurement of testosterone could limit the value of these findings. In addition, testosterone measured in body fluids represents only one step in the cascade of action from production to biological effect, and could therefore provide only a limited view of the complexity of physiological events. Testosterone levels are influenced by conditions that are partly controlled or initiated by the hormone itself, but also by circumstances beyond hormonal or individual control. Different kinds of behaviour are not only subject to influence by environment, but also androgens can reinforce the particular kind of conduct and the behavioural impact can wield negative or positive feedback on testosterone secretion. Therefore, both generalisation and individualisation of study results will lead to doubtful conclusions and prejudices. Results of such studies must be viewed with caution, and over-simplification as well as over-interpretation should be avoided.
Cidofovir for the Treatment of Adenoviral Infection in Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients (2006)

The clinical manifestations of ADV infection were: diarrhea (53%), fever (21%), hemorrhagic cystitis (12%), and pneumonitis (11%). Eight patients (14%) presented with disseminated disease. CDV treatment resulted in complete resolution of clinical symptoms in 56 (98%) patients in whom the virus became undetectable by all methods. One patient died due to ADV pneumonitis. No cases of dose-limiting nephrotoxicity were observed. CONCLUSIONS. Cidofovir appeared safe and effective for the treatment of ADV infection in this predominantly pediatric HSCT population. Vigilant surveillance and early treatment with CDV can prevent the poor outcomes associated with ADV disease. A larger prospective study is needed to further determine the role of CDV in the treatment of ADV after HSCT.
The Bronchoconstrictor Effect of Inhaled Prostaglandin D2 in Normal and Asthmatic Men (1984)

Although prostaglandin D2 is the most abundant prostanoid generated by human lung mast cells and causes bronchoconstriction in animals, its effects have not been studied in human beings. We have compared the effects of inhaled prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha on specific airway conductance in seven normal subjects and seven patients with mild allergic asthma. In dose-response studies in normal subjects, prostaglandin D2 caused a significant (20 +/- 6 per cent) fall in specific airway conductance after the two highest concentrations (250 and 500 micrograms per milliliter), whereas prostaglandin F2 alpha had no effect. In the asthmatic subjects, both prostaglandin D2 and prostaglandin F2 alpha caused a dose-related fall in specific airway conductance, starting at the lowest concentration of 4 micrograms per milliliter. Prostaglandin D2 was 3.5 times more potent than prostaglandin F2 alpha. In a single-dose study of both drugs (250 micrograms per milliliter), a minor fall in specific airway conductance occurred with prostaglandin D2 in the normal subjects, and a larger fall occurred with both drugs in the asthmatic subjects. Maximum effects were seen at three minutes: there was a 75 +/- 5 per cent fall with prostaglandin D2 and a 33 +/- 8 per cent fall with prostaglandin F2 alpha. These results suggest that prostaglandin D2 may be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchoconstriction in allergic asthma.
Techniques for energy-efficient communication pipeline design (2002)

The performance of many modern computer and communication systems is dictated by the latency of communication pipelines. At the same time, power/energy consumption is often another limiting factor in many portable systems. We address the problem of how to minimize the power consumption in system-level pipelines under latency constraints. In particular, we apply fragmentation technique to achieve parallelism and exploit advantages provided by variable voltage design methodology to optimally select voltage and, therefore, speed of each pipeline stage. We focus our study on the practical case when each pipeline stage operates at a fixed speed. Unlike the conventional pipeline system, where all stages run at the same speed, our system may have different stages running at different speeds to conserve energy while providing guaranteed latency. For a given latency requirement, we find explicit solutions for the most energy efficient fragmentation and and voltage setting. We further study a less practical case when each stage can dynamically change its speed to get further energy saving. We define the problem and transform it to a nonlinear system whose solution provides a lower bound for energy consumption.
Machine Learning for Predictive Analytics of Compute Cluster Jobs (2018)

We address the problem of predicting whether sufficient memory and CPU resources have been requested for jobs at submission time. For this purpose, we examine the task of training a supervised machine learning system to predict the outcome - whether the job will fail specifically due to insufficient resources - as a classification task. Sufficiently high accuracy, precision, and recall at this task facilitates more anticipatory decision support applications in the domain of HPC resource allocation. Our preliminary results using a new test bed show that the probability of failed jobs is associated with information freely available at job submission time and may thus be usable by a learning system for user modeling that gives personalized feedback to users.
Microbolometer production at Indigo Systems (2004)

Indigo’s emergence as a production source of uncooled microbolometers was reported in the SPIE proceeding in 2003. With now over a year of modest volume production history on the small-format FPAs, the details of the production experiences are reported. Progress on the mid-format arrays is discussed as are the efforts towards large-format, small pixel devices. Also discussed is the status of the production ramp that will lead to the supply of uncooled FPAs into the automotive market.
Two-photon induced luminescence, singlet oxygen generation, cellular uptake and photocytotoxic properties of amphiphilic Ru(ii) polypyridyl–porphyrin conjugates as potential bifunctional photodynamic therapeutic agents (2011)

Two Ru(II) polypyridyl-porphyrin and Zn(II) porphyrin conjugates (Ru-L and Ru-Zn-L) have been synthesized and their photophysical properties studied. The two conjugates, which contained a hydrophobic tetraphenylporphyrin L conjugated via an acetylide linker at its β-position with a hydrophilic Ru(II) polypyridyl complex, showed high singlet oxygen quantum yields (>70%) and substantial two-photon absorption cross-sections (~500 GM). Ru-L gave strong emissions at ~660 and ~733 nm through linear or two-photon excitation. Solvatochromism was observed in the fluorescence spectra of Ru-L and Ru-Zn-L, where in less polar solvents (i.e., toluene and dichloromethane) their fluorescence emissions became slightly blue-shifted with a 3-fold reduction in intensity relative to those observed in polar solvents (i.e., acetonitrile and methanol). Cell-based studies of these complex conjugates were conducted using human nasopharyngeal carcinoma HK-1 and cervical carcinoma HeLa cells on which Ru-L showed rapid cellular uptake, low dark-cytotoxicity, and high photo-cytotoxicity. Furthermore, Ru-L can be excited and emits in the "biological window"in vitro, making it a potential potent new generation photodynamic therapeutic agent capable of singlet oxygen generation and in vitro near-infrared emission.
Could the airway epithelium play an important role in mucosal immunoglobulin A production? (1999)

Immunoglobulin (Ig) A is the major immunoglobulin of the healthy respiratory tract and is thought to be the most important immunoglobulin for lung defence. The basis for the preferential generation of IgA-secreting cells in the airway mucosa remains unclear. Given the half-life of 5 days for the majority of IgA plasma cells, many IgA plasma cells must develop daily from B cells to guarantee a continuous supply of IgA antibodies in the airway mucosa. For this, the surrounding cells must provide a constant supply of cytokines necessary for B-cell isotype switch, growth and differentiation into IgA-secreting plasma cells. Studies with CD4+ T-cell knockout mice, T-cell receptor knockout mice and mice made transgenic for CTLA4-Ig demonstrate normal mucosal IgA isotype switch, differentiation and IgA production, thereby suggesting that T cells are not critical for mucosal IgA production, and that other cell sources may be more important. Also, the bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT), which is believed to be the major site where IgA isotype switch and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells occur with the help of cytokines released by T cells, is not a constitutive feature of the normal human lung. This indicates that other parts of the respiratory tract must carry out the BALT function. We have recently demonstrated that healthy human airway epithelial cells constitutively produce IL-5, a major cytokine implicated in the growth and differentiation of post-switch mIgA+ B cells to IgA-producing plasma cells. Several studies have recently reported that the human airway epithelium also constitutively produces IL-2, TGFbeta, IL-6 and IL-10, factors which are essential for B-cell clonal proliferation, IgA isotype switch and differentiation into IgA-producing plasma cells. The close proximity of B cells to the airway epithelium probably ensures a constant supply of growth and differentiation factors necessary for mucosal IgA production. In addition, the epithelial cells produce a glycoprotein, called the secretory component, which not only confers increased stability to S-IgA, but is also quantitatively the most important receptor of the mucosal immune system, since it is responsible for the external transport of locally produced polymeric IgA and IgM. Recent studies also suggest a possible role for epithelial cells in antigen presentation. Dendritic cells situated within the airway epithelium could directly present antigens to B cells and direct their isotype switch towards IgA1 and IgA2 with the help of cytokines produced by epithelial cells. Airway epithelial cells could therefore play a major role in the production of mucosal IgA antibodies which are essential for airway mucosal defence.
The effect of particle interaction on the coercive force of ferromagnetic micropowders (1955)

Abstract Previous theoretical work by Stoner & Wohlfarth (1948) on the magnetic properties of single domain ferromagnetic particles is extended to take some account of the interaction between the particles. Earlier theoretical considerations of the interaction problem are critically discussed (§2), and the experimental results for micropowder materials under different degrees of compression are reviewed (§3). A general relation for the magnetic interaction energy of two prolate spheroidal particles is derived (§4). The magnetic properties of assemblies of parallel particles (two particles, linear chains, two- and three-dimensional assemblies) are discussed, and relations are derived for the coercivity change due to the interaction (§5). Results are similarly derived for two non-parallel particles and for ordered assemblies of such particles (§§6 and 7). The two principal effects of interaction which have been covered are an interaction-dependence of the effective shape anisotropy coefficient, and a mutual magnetization change due to an interaction dependent rotation of the magnetization vectors. Both these effects are in general present and as a result the coercive force Hc depends on the interaction, being given by the general relation Hc (p) = Hc(0) – I0(Ap+Bp5/3+...), where p is the packing factor and I0 the saturation magnetization. The coefficients, particularly A, may depend critically on the orientations and the geometrical arrangement of the particles. This formula is contrasted with those obtained previously, based on an 'effective field’ treatment.
Identification of a Distinct, Cryptic Heparosan Synthase from <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> Types A, D, and F (2004)

The extracellular polysaccharide capsules of Pasteurella multocida types A, D, and F are composed of hyaluronan, N-acetylheparosan (heparosan or unsulfated, unepimerized heparin), and unsulfated chondroitin, respectively. Previously, a type D heparosan synthase, a glycosyltransferase that forms the repeating disaccharide heparosan backbone, was identified. Here, a approximately 73% identical gene product that is encoded outside of the capsule biosynthesis locus was also shown to be a functional heparosan synthase. Unlike PmHS1, the PmHS2 enzyme was not stimulated greatly by the addition of an exogenous polymer acceptor and yielded smaller- molecular-weight-product size distributions. Virtually identical hssB genes are found in most type A, D, and F isolates. The occurrence of multiple polysaccharide synthases in a single strain invokes the potential for capsular variation.
A Bilingual Chatbot Using Support Vector Classifier On an Automatic Corpus Engine Dataset (2020)

Brands are shifting to digital services to cater to their customers who have been spending more time online. The technology that exists today enhances customer experience and actualizes customer expectations through virtual service agents or “e-service agents” during real-time interactions. Brands in most countries have to deal with bilingual customers as globalization occurs. Business process outsourcing is among the Philippines' top foreign exchange earner aside from overseas workers' remittances. These Philippine companies offer customer service but are mostly left manned-needing constant supervision. As a solution, the researchers present a bilingual retail chatbot that could handle the two official languages of the Philippines, Filipino-based on Tagalog-and English, and their code-switching variant Taglish. The proposed bilingual retail chatbot uses k-fold grid search cross-validation on a dataset constructed by a bilingual automatic corpus engine and a combination of both (1) support vector classifier-for intent identification, and (2) hash set containment-for attribute identification.
An effective method of RNA extraction from bacteria refractory to disruption, including mycobacteria (1997)

A high yield, rapid and simple procedure is described for extracting RNA from mycobacteria and other micro-organisms refractory to disruption. The method yielded 20 microg RNA/109 Mycobacterium bovis BCG, more than 10 times greater than our previous method. Intact full length hsp 70 (dnaK) mRNA was detected by northern blotting and quantitated after heat shock by slot blot hybridisation.
Raised Ankle/Brachial Pressure Index in Insulin‐treated Diabetic Patients (1989)

The ankle/brachial blood pressure index (A/B PI) is important in the vascular laboratory assessment of peripheral vascular disease. However it is falsely elevated in diabetes, hence underestimating the true severity of disease. We have therefore examined the influence of diabetes on the A/B PI in 2092 patients, 538 with diabetes, all referred for evaluation of peripheral vascular disease. The prevalence of a raised A/B PI (greater than or equal to 1.5) in insulin-treated patients (18.3%) was much higher (p less than 0.001) than that in both non-insulin-treated diabetic patients (4.5%) and patients with no diabetes (2.8%). Insulin-treated patients with a duration of diabetes of greater than 30 years had a higher prevalence of raised A/B PI than those with a duration of less than or equal to 9 years. No significant age effects were seen.
A 2.5 Mb/s, 23 mW SOVA traceback chip for turbo decoding applications (2002)

This paper presents a novel implementation of a low power architecture for the soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA), a building block for turbo codes. The architecture builds on previous work on the Viterbi algorithm (VA) and SOVA, and incorporates a novel orthogonal access memory structure which allows received information to remain static while it feeds the underlying traceback pipeline. Ultimately, the work shows a feasible implementation of a 42-stage traceback pipeline for SOVA running with a traceback throughput of 7.5 Mb/s at 54 mW.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase (SEI) Electrode: II . The Formation and Properties of the SEI on Magnesium in Solutions (1981)

Magnesium metal immersed in thionyl chloride solutions becomes covered by a passivating layer which has properties of solid electrolyte. The buildup and the electrochemical properties of this layer were studied. Tafel slopes measured on freshly immersed Mg electrodes depend linearly on the apparent thickness of the SEI. The reaction resistance and the differential capacitance, on Mg and W electrodes, were measured by several methods. Values of the electrochemical parameters depend on the bias potential. The metal/solution interfacial capacitance of W electrode is higher by an order of magnitude than that of Mg electrode. This higher capacitance decreases markedly, under cathodic polarization.
Carbon dioxide capture R&D for fossil energy power plants (2009)

captured and can be co-sequestered with the CO 2 .This paper will briefly review results from recent DOE/NETL systems analyses for oxyfuel combustion and post-combustion scrubbing.R&D supported by the EPEC Program is investigating alternative CO 2 capture technologies that may exceed the performance and costs of current CO 2 scrubbing technologies to achieve the program targets.Table 2 is a listing of CO 2 capture technologies applicable to existing PC plants that are being pursued under EPEC Program.A brief synopsis of each technology and its advantages/disadvantages (performance and costs) will be presented.
市場定位與品牌行銷策略之探討 - 以 UNT 為例 (2015)

ABSTRACT
 Taiwan enterprises now face some obstacles about promote their own brands by effective marketing ways. Fortunately, we still got some brands from Taiwan which has operated globally and promoted successfully. In skincare and cosmetic market, it’s extremely hard to stand out in the world since there are lots of big brands which occupy most of the market share for a long time. As we know, manufacture has long been the main industry in Taiwan. But as the time goes by, manufacture can’t get the higher gross margin anymore except some world class technology foundries. We are in a transformation process but lots of companies in Taiwan can’t find their own way to go. Therefore, the present study selects a successful brand example, UNT, as the case for the thesis to show the companies in Taiwan that we also have an outstanding brand in Taiwan. Hope the companies which haven’t found their directions yet can take the thesis and case for reference and succeed in build up their own brand.