gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A tunable wavelength-conversion laser (1992)

A wavelength-conversion laser was fabricated using monolithic integration of a bistable laser diode and a wavelength-tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. This device converts an input light signal with a certain wavelength to output light with a tunable wavelength over 3.5 nm. Input power required for switching is investigated, and its resonant dependence on input wavelength is revealed. Input polarization is also discussed, and suppression of crosstalk is demonstrated. This device's turn-off switching response is greatly influenced by the light power of the input signal as well as bias current, and the first 1 Gb/s operation is achieved in optimum conditions for fast turn-off and stable turn-on.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental Tobacco Carcinogenesis (1968)

The epidemiologic evidence contributing to the conclusions of various review committees in regard to the association of cigarette smoking with cancer of the lung oral cavity larynx esophagus and bladder has been supported by extensive experimental data but such data fail to establish incontrovertibly a causal relationship between smoking and cancer in humans. The final proof can only be obtained from epidemiologic findings. The objective of the laboratory studies reviewed here is to contribute to an understanding of the factors and mechanisms leading to the disease and thereby to eliminate decisive factors. Attention is focused on some characteristics of tobacco smoke respiratory and skin carcinogenesis bladder carcinogenesis chemical data suspected bladder carcinogens chemical indicators for carcinogenicity reduction of tumorigenicity and problems of experimental tobacco carcinogenesis. Finally the laboratory experience needs to be evaluated in terms of human data. The epidemiologist needs to investigate the cancer risk among groups smoking different types of cigarettes and different blends of tobaccos. In instances where the epidemiologic experience is supported by the laboratory data both data and experience assume greater significance. In this respect the question may be asked to what extent alteration of tobacco smoke to reduce its tumorigenic potential as expressed by chemical indicators and reflected in bioassays can be of importance to humans. It is reasoned from dose-response studies on humans and on the experimental animal that a reduction in exposure to total smoke will be associated with a reduction in the risk of contracting those diseases associated with cigarette smoking. It may be assumed that a reduction in specific toxic and tumorigenic agents which causes a reduction of toxicity and tumorigenicity in assays with animals will similarly affect humans.
Mutator Suppression and Escape from Replication Error–Induced Extinction in Yeast (2011)

Cells rely on a network of conserved pathways to govern DNA replication fidelity. Loss of polymerase proofreading or mismatch repair elevates spontaneous mutation and facilitates cellular adaptation. However, double mutants are inviable, suggesting that extreme mutation rates exceed an error threshold. Here we combine alleles that affect DNA polymerase δ (Pol δ) proofreading and mismatch repair to define the maximal error rate in haploid yeast and to characterize genetic suppressors of mutator phenotypes. We show that populations tolerate mutation rates 1,000-fold above wild-type levels but collapse when the rate exceeds 10⁻³ inactivating mutations per gene per cell division. Variants that escape this error-induced extinction (eex) rapidly emerge from mutator clones. One-third of the escape mutants result from second-site changes in Pol δ that suppress the proofreading-deficient phenotype, while two-thirds are extragenic. The structural locations of the Pol δ changes suggest multiple antimutator mechanisms. Our studies reveal the transient nature of eukaryotic mutators and show that mutator phenotypes are readily suppressed by genetic adaptation. This has implications for the role of mutator phenotypes in cancer.
Circularly polarised antenna withswitchable polarisation sense (2000)

The authors present the design of a wideband circularly polarised antenna with switchable polarisation sense. The basic antenna is a circularly polarised aperture coupled patch antenna with a slot excitation located along the diagonal of a rectangular patch. A second slot is added along the other diagonal and beam-lead pin diodes are inserted in both slots to allow a dual sense operation for a compact structure in a 4% CP bandwidth.
Viscosities of Linear Polyesters. An Exact Relationship between Viscosity and Chain Length (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTViscosities of Linear Polyesters. An Exact Relationship between Viscosity and Chain LengthPaul J. FloryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 5, 1057–1070Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01862a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01862a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1153Altmetric-Citations217LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Studies on the acid activation of Brazilian smectitic clays (2001)

Fuller's earth and acid activated smectitic clays are largely used as bleaching earth for the industrial processing of vegetable, animal and mineral oils and waxes. The paper comments about the nomenclature used for these materials, the nature of the acid activation of smectitic clays (bentonites), activation laboratory procedures and presents a review of the acid activation of bentonites from 20 deposits from several regions of Brazil. The activated clays were tested and show good decolorizing power for soybean, castor, cottonseed, corn and sunflower oils.
Comparison Studies between Pre-Shared and Public Key Exchange Mechanisms for Transport Layer Security (2006)

The pre-shared key based mechanisms for Transport Layer Security (TLS) were recently standardized by the IETF to extend the set of ciphersuites by utilizing existing key management infrastructures. The benefit of pre-shared based mechanisms is the avoidance or reduction of the cryptographic operations used in public-key based mechanisms. However, so far there are no performance measurements for pre-shared key based ciphersuites available. In this paper, we present a systematic analysis and performance comparison between the pre-shared key exchange mechanisms and the standard public key exchange mechanisms in TLS. Our performance metrics are processing time and transmitted amount of data for a handshake establishment. Furthermore, the interaction between the overall TLS handshake duration and the network environment is evaluated. The results for different key exchange mechanisms are comparatively studied and the design choices of pre-shared key based key exchange mechanisms have been validated. Experimental results give details about the performance improvement of the pre-shared key based mechanisms compared to the standard public key based mechanisms.
KALİTE FONKSİYON YAYILIMI: ALIŞVERİŞ MERKEZLERİ ÜZERİNE BİR UYGULAMA (2017)

Kalite Fonksiyon Yayılımı (KFY), müşteri istek ve ihtiyaçlarının doğru şekilde analiz edilerek ürün ve hizmet özelliklerine aktarılmasını sağlayan bir yöntemdir. Rakiplerine üstünlük sağlama temelinde olup, ürünün tasarım aşamasında müşteri isteklerine uygun mal üretmek amacıyla kullanıldığı gibi, hizmet sunan işletmelerde müşteri memnuniyetini artırmak için de kullanılabilmektedir. Bu bakımdan, hizmet sağlayan işletmelerden biri olan alışveriş merkezleri (AVM) KFY’nin alanına girebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, müşteri odaklı KFY’nin AVM’ler için uygunluğunun değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaçla, Adana ilindeki bir AVM’nin müşteri isteklerine uygun faaliyet gösterip göstermediği rakip bir işletmeyle karşılaştırılarak analiz edilmiş, ana firmanın rakibine göre avantajlı ve eksik yönleri belirlenmiş ve AVM yöneticilerine iyileştirme önerileri sunulmuştur.
Natural sialoside analogues for the determination of enzymatic rate constants (2006)

Two isomeric 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-D-N-acetylneuraminylgalactopyranosides (1 and 2) were synthesised. These compounds contain either the natural alpha-2,3 or alpha-2,6 sialyl-galactosyl linkages, as well as an attached 4-methylumbelliferone for convenient detection of their hydrolyses. These compounds were designed as natural sialoside analogues to be used in a continuous assay of sialidase activity, where the sialidase-catalysed reaction is coupled with an exo-beta-galactosidase-catalysed hydrolysis of the released galactoside to give free 4-methylumbelliferone. The kinetic parameters for 1 and 2 were measured using the wild-type and nucleophilic mutant Y370G recombinant sialidase from Micromonospora viridifaciens. Kinetic parameters for these analogues measured using the new continuous assay were in good agreement with the parameters for the natural substrate, 3'-sialyl lactose. Given the selection of commercially available exo-beta-galactosidases that possess a variety of pH optima, this new method was used to characterise the full pH profile of the wild-type sialidase with the natural sialoside analogue 1. Thus, use of these new substrates 1 and 2 in a continuous assay mode, which can be detected by UV/Vis or fluorescence spectroscopy, makes characterisation of sialidase activity with natural sialoside linkages much more facile.
Physicochemical Characterization of MS-325, a New Gadolinium Complex, by Multinuclear Relaxometry (1999)

The physicochemical characterization of MS-325 [trisodium {4-(R)-[(4,4-diphenylcyclohexyl)phosphanooxymethyl]-3,6,9-triaza-3,6,9-tris(methoxycarbonyl)undecanedioato}gadolinium(III)], a new derivative of Gd-DTPA {Magnevist®: dimeglumin [{3,6,9-triaza3,6,9-tris(methoxycarbonyl)undecanedioato}gadolinium(III)], presented as a potentially useful angiographic contrast agent, was carried out in various media. Water solution, protein-containing solution, phosphorylated metabolites solution, and Zn2+-containing solution were investigated using different NMR techniques such as water 1H nuclear magnetic relaxation rates, water 17O transverse relaxation rates, and 31P longitudinal relaxation rates of phosphorylated metabolites. The proton relaxivity of MS-325 in water was found to be higher than that of the parent compound Gd-DTPA; this can be attributed to the longer rotational correlation time (τR) of the hydrated complex, and possibly to an apparently shorter mean distance (r) between the protons of the coordinated water molecule and the gadolinium ion. The kinetic and thermodynamic stability of MS-325 in solutions containing phosphorylated metabolites (ATP, phosphocreatine and inorganic phosphate) were measured by 31P relaxation rate analysis and found to be higher than for Gd-DTPA. Similarly, the Zn2+ transmetallation process studied by proton relaxometry is slower than for the same reference compound. Finally, an analysis of the noncovalent binding of MS-325 to serum proteins by proton relaxometry showed that MS-325 interacts with human serum albumin (HSA) and that the association constant of this interaction is equal to 6100 ± 2130 M−1. A peak relaxivity of approx. 50 s−1mM−1 was determined at 25 MHz for the protein-bound paramagnetic complex. This value is lower than the maximal relaxivity predicted for a paramagnetic center totally immobilized at the surface of the protein.
Temperature-dependent regulation of a heterologous transcriptional activation domain fused to yeast heat shock transcription factor. (1992)

The heat shock transcription factor (HSF) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is posttranslationally modified. At low growth temperatures, it activates transcription of heat shock genes only poorly; after shift to high temperatures, it activates transcription readily. In an effort to elucidate the mechanism of this regulation, we constructed a series of HSF-VP16 fusions that join the HSF DNA-binding domain to the strong transcriptional activation domain from the VP16 gene of herpes simplex virus. Replacement of the endogenous C-terminal transcriptional activation domain with that of VP16 generates an HSF derivative that exhibits behavior reminiscent of HSF itself: low transcriptional activation activity at normal growth temperature and high activity after heat shock. HSF can thus restrain the activity of the heterologous VP16 transcriptional activation domain. To determine what is required for repression of activity at low temperature, we deleted portions of HSF from this HSF-VP16 fusion to map the regulatory domain. We also isolated point mutations that convert the HSF-VP16 fusion into a constitutive transcriptional activator. We conclude that the central, evolutionarily conserved domain of HSF, encompassing the DNA-binding and multimerization domains, contains a major determinant of temperature-dependent regulation.
Directors and the Ethics Components of Their Duties (2010)

This article examines the duties of directors of public companies and specifically studies the ethical components of those duties. Most directors are well aware of their legal duties and that the source of these duties is found in the Corporations Act, in particular sections 180-184. In addition, further quasi-duties are expressed in the Australian Stock Exchange (ASX) Corporate Governance Principles. This article argues that the black letter law contains within it an ethical foundation and the ASX Principles, especially Principle 3, actively promote ethical decision-making. The purpose of this article is twofold: firstly, to encourage directors to be aware of and focus upon the ethics components of their duties and secondly, to provide an interpretation of these components. An understanding and application of ethical principles within directors' duties will assist directors to avoid the moral hazards of the corporate world. While legal compliance is part of directors' corporate governance, so is integrity. This article applies the principles of virtue ethics with its emphasis on character as a suitable model to promote integrity. The principles of virtue ethics are supported by Kant's rules-based principles with its focus upon the duty of honesty.
Los estudiantes de la Universidad de Valencia en la crisis del régimen feudal (1786-1836) (1983)

«¿Qué interés tiene conocer el número de estudiantes de una universidad? En sí, el número de estudiantes de una universidad, sea cual sea, tiene poco interés. Decir, por ejemplo, que en 1806 la Universidad de Valencia contaba con 1.017 estudiantes no deja de ser, a primera vista, una erudición anodina. Sin embargo, el análisis de ese número de estudiantes en un año, o mejor el estudio de una serie de años, nos permite hacer comparaciones y sacar conclusiones que, indudablemente, son necesarias para entender la historia de una universidad. Bastará un ejemplo: En 1806, los 1.017 estudiantes de la Universidad de Valencia tenían unas preferencias de estudio distintas, por ejemplo, a las que tenían en 1839. Si excluimos, en ambos casos, a los estudiantes que cursaban en la facultad menor de Filosofía (equivalente a nuestra enseñanza media actual) y reagrupamos a los restantes universitarios por facultades profesionales o eclesiásticas, veremos que en 1806 estudian carreras eclesiásticas (Teología y Cánones) el 39 por 100 de alumnos, y el 61 por 100 restante estudia carreras profesionales (Leyes y Medicina). En 1839, las carreras eclesiásticas agrupaban al 9 por 100 de los estudiantes de la Universidad, mientras que el 91 por 100 restante cursaban Leyes y Medicina».
Hybrid ARQ technique employing a signal constellation rearrangement based on 256-QAM (2008)

In this paper, we introduce a Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) technique based on 256-QAM. By employing signal constellation rearrangement, the diversity of bit reliabilities caused by M-QAM signal constellation can be reduced and, thus the corresponding performance of HARQ could be enhanced. We present the standard signal constellation (Gray Mapping) of 256-QAM, in which 3 signal constellations are rearranged to derived 4 types of constellation mapping rules of 256-QAM. Simulation results confirm that the proposed techniqueperforms a noticeable gain in HARQ performance wit a lower complexity.
CaCu 3 Ti 4 O 12 : One-step internal barrier layer capacitor (2002)

There has been much recent interest in a so-called “giant-dielectric phenomenon” displayed by an unusual cubic perovskite-type material, CaCu3Ti4O12; however, the origin of the high permittivity has been unclear [M. A. Subramanian, L. Dong, N. Duan, B. A. Reisner, and A. W. Sleight, J. Solid State Chem. 151, 323 (2000); C. C. Homes, T. Vogt, S. M. Shapiro, S. Wakimoto, and A. P. Ramirez, Science 293, 673 (2001); A. P. Ramirez, M. A. Subramanian, M. Gardel, G. Blumberg, D. Li, T. Vogt, and S. M. Shapiro, Solid State Commun. 115, 217 (2000)]. Impedance spectroscopy on CaCu3Ti4O12 ceramics demonstrates that they are electrically heterogeneous and consist of semiconducting grains with insulating grain boundaries. The giant-dielectric phenomenon is therefore attributed to a grain boundary (internal) barrier layer capacitance (IBLC) instead of an intrinsic property associated with the crystal structure. This barrier layer electrical microstructure with effective permittivity values in excess of 10 000 can be fabricated by single-step processing in air at ∼1100 °C. CaCu3Ti4O12 is an attractive option to the currently used BaTiO3-based materials which require complex, multistage processing routes to produce IBLCs of similar capacity.
Crucial Role of the Adhesion Layer on the Plasmonic Fluorescence Enhancement (2009)

A nanoscale layer of chromium or titanium is commonly used in plasmonic nanoantennas to firmly adhere a gold film to a glass substrate, yet the influence of this layer on the antenna performance is often ignored. As a result, the need for the use of potentially better materials is not widely recognized. Using a single aperture milled in a gold film with 120 nm diameter as a nanobench for these investigations, we present the first experimental report of the strong dependence of the plasmonic enhancement of single-molecule fluorescence on the nature of the adhesion layer. By combining fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime measurements, we show that this structure is very sensitive to the properties of the adhesion layer, and we detail the respective contributions of excitation and emission gains to the observed enhanced fluorescence. Any increase in the absorption losses due to the adhesion layer permittivity or thickness is shown to lower the gains in both excitation and emission, which we relate to a damping of the energy coupling at the nanoaperture. With this nanobench, we demonstrate the largest enhancement factor reported to date (25×) by using a TiO(2) adhesion layer. The experimental data are supported by numerical simulations and argue for a careful consideration of the adhesion layer while designing nanoantennas for high-efficiency single-molecule analysis.
Laser Photophoresis of a Single Droplet in Oil in Water Emulsions (1996)

Laser photophoretic behavior of an organic droplet in oil in water (o/w) emulsions was examined by radiating a single-mode Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). In the nine emulsion systems examined, the photophoretic velocity (μm s-1) of an organic droplet was found to be linearly proportional to both the laser power and the radius of the droplet. Furthermore, for droplets of the same size, the photophoretic mobility (μm s-1 W-1), which means the photophoretic velocity normalized with the laser power, increased as the refractive index of the droplet increased. The dependence of the photophoretic mobility was discussed on the basis of a simple radiation theory in which a scattering force of a laser beam on a spherical droplet was formulated.
Mitral Valve Prolapse Syndrome in Children With Duchenne's Progressive Muscular Dystrophy (1979)

Myocardial function was evaluated prospectively by noninvasive methods in 20 boys with clinical, biochemical, muscle biopsy, and electromyographic evidence of Duchenne's progressive muscular dystrophy. Auscultatory evidence of a nonejection systolic click suggested mitral valve prolapse (MVP) syndrome in seven patients. Phonocardiography disclosed that the click was mid-systolic in four patients and early in three. Echocardiographic features consistent with this diagnosis were identified in all seven patients and in an additional four. One of these had an apical pansystolic murmur, suggestive of mitral regurgitation, whereas in the other three, prolapse of the mitral valve was "silent". Echocardiographic findings included an abrupt midsystolic, posterior motion (greater than 3 mm beyond the CD line) in five patients, multiple sequence echoes in six, and posterior coaptation of the mitral valve near the left atrial wall in six. The features most characteristic of MVP syndrome was a smooth, pansystolic, anteriorly concave (hammock-like) posterior motion deviating more than 3 mm beyond the CD line. Among the remaining nine patients who did not have echocardiographic evidence of prolapsing mitral valve, none had an early, middle or late nonejection systolic click or a heart murmur, although four patients in this group had moderate to severe scoliosis. These observations document of occurrence of MVP syndrome in children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy and indicate that its prevalence is high. We speculate that prolapse of the mitral valve in these patients is an expression of the underlying cardiomyopathy characteristic of Duchenne's muscular dystrophy rather than an isolated, dystrophic involvement of the mitral valve leaflets.
Methodology for Optimum Sensor Locations for Parameter Identification in Dynamic Systems (1994)

This paper provides a methodology for optimally locating sensors in a dynamic system so that data acquired from those locations will yield the best identification of the parameters to be identified. It addresses the following questions: (1) Given m sensors, where should they be placed in a spatially distributed dynamic system so that data from those locations will yield best estimates of the parameters that need to be identified?; and (2) given that we have already installed p sensors in a dynamic system, where should the next s be located? The methodology is rigorously founded on the Fisher information matrix and is applicable to both linear and nonlinear systems. A rapid algorithm is provided for use in large multi‐degree‐of‐freedom systems. After developing the general methodology, the paper goes on to develop the method in detail for a linear N‐degree‐of‐freedom, classically damped, system. Numerical examples are provided and it is verified that the optimal placement of sensors, as dictated by the methodology that is developed, could provide significantly improved estimates of the parameters to be identified.