gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Downlink Power Control by Message-Passing for Very Large-Scale Networks (2015)

Downlink power control is revisited by assuming very large-scale networks. In very large-scale networks, conventional centralized power control schemes quickly become impractical owing to the huge computational burden and limited backhaul capacity. Alternative distributed power control schemes have been proposed; however, these schemes suffer from poor performance when compared with the centralized power control. In this work, a completely new approach to distributed downlink power control is proposed using a belief-propagation (BP) framework. The proposed BP approach includes two tasks: first, the sum rate maximizing power control problem is modeled as a factor graph representation. Second, a message-passing algorithm is constructed on the basis of the factor graph, which efficiently computes a near-optimal solution in a distributed manner. The practical issues for implementing the proposed BP approach are extensively discussed in terms of the computational complexity, signaling overhead, convergence, and latency. Surprisingly, the simulation results verify that the average sum rate performance of the proposed BP-based power control is nearly equivalent to that of centralized power control schemes. The proposed BP-based power control even outperforms the centralized binary on/off power control and approaches the performance of geometric programming power control, which is the best-known centralized power control, within only 0.8% of the average sum rate.
Trimming of silicon ring resonator by electron beam induced compaction (2008)

We present a technique to trim the resonance of silicon ring resonators. The cladding oxide is compacted by electron beam bombardment, causing strain in the silicon lattice, which leads to a 5 nm resonance shift.
A Metadata Schema Design on Representation of Sensory Effect Information for Sensible Media and its Service Framework using UPnP (2008)

With advent of various media services and development of audio and video devices, we can enjoy the media more effectively and realistically. Conventional media content is presented mostly via speakers, TV and LCD monitors. Beyond the media rendering only, if the media contents interlink with peripheral devices when being playbacked, it is possible to make fascinating effects on audiovisual media contents. In this paper, we suggest a device rendered sensible media and metadata schema for representing the effect and control information and design a service framework for device rendered sensible media based on UPnP framework.
Intelligent Dasymetric Mapping and Its Application to Areal Interpolation (2006)

This research presents a new "intelligent" dasymetric mapping technique (IDM), which combines an analyst's domain knowledge with a data-driven methodology to specify the functional relationship of the ancillary classes with the underlying statistical surface being mapped. The data-driven component of IDM employs a flexible empirical sampling approach to acquire information on the data densities of individual ancillary classes, and it uses the ratio of class densities to redistribute population to sub-source zone areas. A summary statistics table characterizing the resulting dasymetric map can be used to compare the quality of the output of different IDM parameterizations. A case study of four population variables is used to demonstrate IDM and provide a visual and quantitative error assessment comparing various IDM parameterizations with areal weighting and conventional "binary" dasymetric mapping. Intelligent dasymetric mapping outperforms areal weighting, and certain IDM parameterizations outperform binary dasymetric mapping.
Optimisation of on-chip design-for-test infrastructure for maximal multi-site test throughput (2005)

Multi-site testing is a popular and effective way to increase test throughput and reduce test costs. The authors pro\pose a test flow with large multi-site testing during wafer test, enabled by a narrow SOC-ATE test interface, and relatively small multi-site testing during final (packaged-IC) test, in which all SOC pins need to be contacted. They present a throughput model for multi-site testing, valid for both wafer test and final test, which considers the effects of test time, index time, abort-on-fail and re-test after contact fails. Conventional multi-site testing requires sufficient ATE channels to allow testing of multiple SOCs in parallel. Instead, a given fixed ATE is assumed, and for a given SOC they design and optimise the on-chip design-for-test infrastructure, in order to maximise the throughput during wafer test. The on-chip DfT consists of an E-RPCT wrapper, and, for modularly tested SOCs, module wrappers and TAMs. Subsequently, for the designed test infrastructure, they also maximise the test throughput for final test by tuning its multi-site number. Finally, they present experimental results for the ITC'02 SOC Test Benchmarks and a complex Philips SOC.
Ion‐Free latex films as dual‐phase electrolytes: Styrene–butadiene rubber and nitrile–butadiene rubber synthesized by emulsion polymerization with poly‐(vinyl pyrrolidone) stabilizer (1994)

Abstract Ion‐free latices of styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) and nitrile‐butadiene rubber (NBR) were synthesized by emulsion polymerization with use of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) stabilizer. The goal was to prepare ion‐free latex films, possessing dual‐phase latex particle morphology, and swell the films with liquid electrolyte to yield dual‐phase polymer electrolytes (DPE). SBR/PVP latex was prepared readily, but NBR/PVP latex was sensitive to coagulation. Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses of latex films provided morphological evidence concerning particle structure and phase separation. Blends of NBR/PVP and PB/PVP latices (PB = polybutadiene) were also investigated, but particle structure was not present in the blended latex film, even though particle structure was present in the individual NBR/PVP and PB/PVP latex films. After extensive swelling of SBR/PVP latex films, PVP was extracted from the films, and ionic conductivities greater than 10 −3 S/cm were achieved. © 1994‐John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylase Inducibility and Bronchogenic Carcinoma (1973)

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase is an inducible, membrane-bound enzyme involved in the metabolism of chemical carcinogens. In cultured human lymphocytes there is genetic variation. The normal white population in the United States can be divided into three separate groups having low, intermediate, and high inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase activities, with frequencies of 44.7 per cent, 45.9 per cent and 9.4 per cent respectively. Fifty patients with bronchogenic carcinoma were studied, and the frequencies of the three groups were 4.0 per cent, 66.0 per cent and 30.0 per cent respectively. The data indicate that susceptibility to bronchogenic carcinoma is associated with the higher levels of inducible aryl hydrocarbon hyroxylase activity. (N Engl J Med 289:934–937, 1973)
Computer aided automatic digitizing of engineering drawings (2005)

This paper discusses Computer Aided Automatic Digitizing (CAAD) of engineering drawings and the software necessary for efficient encoding, editing and display of the data. Various methods are discussed for scanning documents and an overview of algorithms is presented for encoding of the resulting data. A new vector-coding algorithm that is amenable to line extraction in real time is reported. Compaction ratios for various stages of the data processing are given.
Complications After Ileal Urinary Derivations (2017)

The most commonly reported complications in ileal conduit are: prolonged ileus, stoma infection, wound dehiscence and bacterial colonization, followed by peristomal skin complications and complications related only to the stoma, such as stenosis and stoma retraction, and prolaps of ileostoma and ileointestinal stenosis. The ileus rate in orthotopic derivation was significantly lower than that of the ileal conduit group, which led to the conclusion that the neomybladder position does not disturb the anatomic abdominal structure.
The impact of communication locality on large-scale multiprocessor performance (1992)

As multiprocessor sizes scale and computer architects turn to interconnection networks with non-uniform communication latencies, the lure of exploiting communication locality to increase performance become inevitable. Models that accurately quantify locality effects provide invaluable insight into the importance of exploiting locality as machine sizes and features change. This paper presents a framework for modeling the impact of communication locality on system performance. The framework provides a means for combining simple models of application, processor, and network behavior to obtain a combined model that accurately reflects feedback effects between processors and networks. We introduce a model that characterizes application behavior with three parameters that capture computation grain, sensitivity to communication latency, and amount of locality present at execution time. The combined model, we show that exploiting communication locality provides gains which are at most linear in the factor by which average communication distance is reduced when the number of outstanding communication transactions per processor is bounded. The combined model is also used to obtain rough upper bounds on the performance improvement from exploiting locality to minimize communication distance.
A proxy server structure and its cache consistency mechanism at the network bottleneck (2003)

The response time, bandwidth usage and server load are three representative performance metrics that are used for proxy cache consistency mechanisms. However, the primary metric affecting the overall performance can be different depending on the situation. At a network bottleneck, such as the inter-continental backbone, the network bandwidth is limited. Also, the response time is a basic performance metric used for the proxy cache, and an unsatisfactory response time can be a reason why clients hesitate to use the proxy cache, which may potentially increase the network traffic. Hence, we should give higher priority to the response time and the bandwidth usage at the bottleneck, as compared to other metrics. In this paper, we suggest a proxy server structure at the network bottleneck which improves the response time and even results in a small amount of network traffic reduction at the bottleneck. Its cache consistency mechanism is based on periodic polling performed at the polling server located beyond the bottleneck. Our approach may increase the network bandwidth beyond the bottleneck and the load on the originating Web servers. However, the faster response time and the reduced network traffic at the bottleneck can compensate for them.
Synthetic and Natural Immunomodulators Acting as Interferon Inducers (2009)

Interferons are first immunomodulatory molecules that have been shown to display a wide range of applications due to their antiviral, antibacterial, antitumor, and inflammatory activities. Natural and recombinant interferons are among most common biologic therapeutics worldwide. Interferon inducers, however, are less known and have been mostly developed and used in former socialist countries. Despite the fact that they are virtually unknown to the Western world, they represent a substantial market share of modern pharmacopoeia in former socialist republics. This review provides a brief description of most popular interferon inducers including Amyxin, Amizon, Anandin, Arbidol, Blasten, Cycloferon, Galavit, Groprinosine, Hepon, Immunoxel, Dzherelo, Kagocel, Larifan, Ligfol, Likopid, Mebavin, MIGI-KLP, V-5 Immunitor, SCV-07, Milife, Neovir, Poludan, Ragocin, Ridostin, Thymogen and Savratz, some of which were in use for several decades for the same clinical indications as for interferons. The variety and choice offered by the pharmaceutical industry behind the former "iron curtain" certainly deserves the appreciation, familiarity and application prospects for medical and research investigators worldwide.
DNA Converts Cellular Prion Protein into the β-Sheet Conformation and Inhibits Prion Peptide Aggregation (2001)

The main hypothesis for prion diseases proposes that the cellular protein (PrP(C)) can be altered into a misfolded, beta-sheet-rich isoform (PrP(Sc)), which in most cases undergoes aggregation. In an organism infected with PrP(Sc), PrP(C) is converted into the beta-sheet form, generating more PrP(Sc). We find that sequence-specific DNA binding to recombinant murine prion protein (mPrP-(23-231)) converts it from an alpha-helical conformation (cellular isoform) into a soluble, beta-sheet isoform similar to that found in the fibrillar state. The recombinant murine prion protein and prion domains bind with high affinity to DNA sequences. Several double-stranded DNA sequences in molar excess above 2:1 (pH 4.0) or 0.5:1 (pH 5.0) completely inhibit aggregation of prion peptides, as measured by light scattering, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. However, at a high concentration, fibers (or peptide aggregates) can rescue the peptide bound to the DNA, converting it to the aggregating form. Our results indicate that a macromolecular complex of prion-DNA may act as an intermediate for the formation of the growing fiber. We propose that host nucleic acid may modulate the delicate balance between the cellular and the misfolded conformations by reducing the protein mobility and by making the protein-protein interactions more likely. In our model, the infectious material would act as a seed to rescue the protein bound to nucleic acid. Accordingly, DNA would act on the one hand as a guardian of the Sc conformation, preventing its propagation, but on the other hand may catalyze Sc conversion and aggregation if a threshold level is exceeded.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Lithology from Seismic Data in a Channel-Sand Reservoir (1989)

Abstract In areas of rapid lithologic variations, the areal extent of sand and shale units usually cannot be inferred from sparse well data alone. Seismically derived interval velocity data can be used to help predict lithologic variations away from wells. However, in general, the overlap of the velocity ranges for sands and shales is such that seismic discrimination of lithology is ambiguous. We present a Monte Carlo technique for numerically simulating the spatial arrangement of sand/shale units. This technique accounts for the ambiguous nature of the seismic velocity information. Rather than calculating a unique sand/shale model, the Monte Carlo method provides a family of alternative lithologic images, all of which are consistent with the data. The range of models reflects the uncertainty of the lithologic classification and is used to assess risk in reservoir development. The sand/shale simulation technique is illustrated using a data set from an oil-producing channel-sand reservoir. Sand/shale cross-sectional simulations are generated along a seismic traverse that intersects three wells. The simulated models reproduce the log-derived lithologic sequences at the wells; they are conditioned by interval velocities inverted from the seismic amplitude data and are consistent with the spatial autocorrelation and cross-correlation structures of the seismic and well data. The seismically derived lithologic models of the reservoir are better spatially constrained than models solely conditioned by well data. However, in keeping with the inherent ambiguity of the seismic information, the exact location of the lateral truncation of the channel sand is not precisely defined in the Monte Carlo lithologic simulations.
Spectroscopy and Diode-Pumped Lasing of Yb3+-Doped Lu3Al5O12 (Yb:LuAG) (1995)

Absorption and emission spectra, 1.03-μm peak emission cross section, radiative lifetime, and the first diode-pumped laser action are reported for Yb:LuAG at room temperature.
HV latchup — Power analog ICs co-design with block level verification (2017)

Power Analog ICs which contain both high voltage and low voltages cells require a unique approach to achieve latchup robustness. A methodology was developed to allow both schematic and layout block level latchup verification automation as applied to HV Latchup in Power Analog ICs design. The methodology enables co-design between schematic design and layout design, improving silicon success as well as shortening the design cycle.
Analysis of phase noise effects in OFDM modems (2002)

The effects of the phase noise (PN) on orthogonal frequency-division multiplex modems are evaluated. Three receivers are studied: a coherent receiver, a common phase error correction receiver (which is a receiver specially designed to combat PN) and a differential receiver. The impact of the PN on the decision signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of each of these receivers is computed as a function of the PN spectrum. The resulting formulas are extremely simple. The theory is applicable to a wide range of PN models, and unifies and extends previous results on the topic. The conditions under which the decision SNR yields correct symbol error rate predictions are discussed. Simulations are reported that confirm the results.
Prognostic Prediction of Lymphoma by Gene Expression Profiling Using FNN (2001)

Despite recent progress in clinical study and biological technology of cancer, the prognostic prediction of patients still remains difficult and inaccurate. Since DNA microarrays permits a simultaneous analysis of multiple genes, it has been used to profile gene expression which can categorize cancers into subgroups [1]. To analyze gene expression data, many statistical techniques have been used, but there would be relationships among genes that cannot be expressed statistically. Therefore, artificial neural network (ANN) and fuzzy neural network (FNN) are useful for finding relationships with high accuracy [2]. However, the immensity of data makes us spend much computational time to construct the ANN or FNN model. In this paper, we applied fuzzy neural network (FNN) combined with SWEEP operator method to accelerate the calculation speed about 30 times faster than the FNN modeling method using the back propagation leaning algorithm. The constructed models achieve high accuracy for prognosis of patients. The results in modeling were evaluated to compared with those of Multiple Regression Analysis (MRA).
MR Colonography with Limited Bowel Preparation Compared with Optical Colonoscopy in Patients at Increased Risk for Colorectal Cancer (2007)

In patients at increased risk for colorectal cancer, specificity of MR colonography by using limited bowel preparation was high, but sensitivity was modest.
Improvement of SiO2/Si interface by low-temperature annealing in wet atmosphere (1995)

A postannealing technique was developed in order to improve the quality of SiO2 films formed by a parallel-plate remote plasma chemical vapor deposition. The wave number of the antisymmetric stretching mode of Si–O–Si bonding in the SiO2 film increased from 1058 to 1069 cm−1 by an annealing in H2O vapor at 270 °C. It was estimated that averaged bonding angle of Si–O–Si was widened from 137.8° to 141.0°. The annealing in the H2O vapor ambient at 270 °C for 30 min efficiently reduced the interface trap density to 2.0×1010 cm−2 eV−1 and the effective oxide charges density from 7×1011 to 5×109 cm−2 for a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) diode using the SiO2 film.
Axonal Caliber and Neurofilaments are Proportionately Decreased in Galactose Neuropathy (1986)

Feeding galactose to rats induces nerve conduction abnormalities, increased levels of nerve galactitol, endoneurial edema, elevated pressure and hypoxia of endoneurial fluid, and pathological abnormalities of nerve fibers. To investigate the cellular mechanisms of the fiber lesions and their possible relationship to alterations in the nerve microenvironment, rat peroneal nerves were morphometrically evaluated eight months after the commencement of galactose feeding. Whereas the density of neurofilaments (NF/micron2) in the transverse axonal area of myelinated fibers was not significantly different between the nerves of galactose-fed and control rats, axonal areas and the number of NF/axon, when related to myelin spiral length, were significantly less in nerves of galactose-fed rats. Myelin alterations, characteristic of axonal atrophy, were also significantly increased. The present data provide evidence of a proportionate decrease in axonal caliber and the number of NF/axon in myelinated fibers in experimental galactose neuropathy, suggesting that galactose induces fibers in experimental galactose neuropathy, suggesting that galactose induces either decreased NF synthesis, assembly or transport. The possible role of microenvironmental alterations, including endoneurial hypoxia and hyperosmolarity, in the production of this axonal atrophy is discussed.
Mechanosensitivity of mouse tracheal ciliary beat frequency: roles for Ca<sup>2+</sup>, purinergic signaling, tonicity, and viscosity (2006)

Mechanosensitivity is hypothesized to participate in the regulation of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in airway epithelia. To investigate this hypothesis, CBF in excised mouse trachea was monitored (microscopy image analysis) while varying mucosal shear (perfusate velocity and/or viscosity; planar flow). CBF increased within minutes of step increase to steady shear stress as small as 10(-3) Pa and decreased within minutes of shear reduction (<or=10(-4) Pa). CBF response was directional, being less with cephalad vs. caudal flow, and was reduced in trachea from mutant mice lacking P2Y2 receptors, as well as by administration of the Ca2+ chelator EGTA, the Ca2+ channel inhibitor La3+, the nucleotide phosphohydrolase apyrase, the metabolically stabilized adenosine receptor agonist 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine, the osmotic agent mannitol, and the viscosity modifier dextran. Brief exposure to exogenous ATP, a candidate mediator, augmented CBF response, although augmentation declined with higher ATP concentration (5.0 vs. 0.1 mM) or longer ATP exposure before shear (55 vs. 20 min). Prolonged extended exposure (45 min) to the metabolically stabilized ATP analog ATPgammaS [adenosine 5'-(3-thiotriphosphate), 0.1 mM] inhibited CBF response to shear. Furthermore, neither ATP nor ATPgammaS substantially increased CBF in the relative absence of shear. With viscosity increase or shear withdrawal apyrase evoked CBF stimulation, inhibitable by the adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline. Thus CBF response to shear is finely tuned, directional, La3+ sensitive, likely dependent on extracellular Ca2+ and ATP, involving P2Y2 and adenosine receptor activations, influenced by shear history, tonicity, viscosity, and metabolism/exposure of ATP, and thus reflective of a complex interplay of physical and biochemical actions.