gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How Microprobing Can Attack Encrypted Memory (2017)

This paper exposes some weaknesses of encrypted embedded memory in secure chips. Smartcards and secure microcontrollers are designed to protect confidential internal information. For that they widely employ on-chip memory encryption. Usually both data and address buses are encrypted to prevent microprobing attacks. This paper shows how practical such attacks can be on real chips and whether memory encryption is as good as it is supposed to be. It was possible to extract the whole memory from a secure 8-bit microcontroller with as little as 8 probing needles. This paper questions the usual belief in that ion-doping-encoded and encrypted Mask ROM is ultimately secure. Implications for 16-bit and 32-bit microcontrollers are discussed as well. Some common weaknesses are exposed and possible countermeasures are discussed.
Membrane-Permeant, Bioactivatable Derivatives of Inositol Polyphosphates and Phosphoinositides (1998)

The extracellular application of membrane-permeant, bioactivatable derivatives of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate to living cells mimicked the intracellular action of these second messengers, such as elevation of intracellular Ca2+-levels in PC12 cells and inhibition of calcium-mediated chloride secretion in T84 cells, respectively. 3,6-Di-O-butyryl-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate hexakis(acetoxymethyl) ester and 1',2'-dipalmitoyl-6-O-butyryl-phosphatidyl-myo-inositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate heptakis(acetoxymethyl) ester were prepared by total synthesis.
A genetic algorithm based configuration optimization method for AFDX (2014)

The configuration table of AFDX(Avionics Full Duplex Switched Ethernet) network is used for organizing the message transmission and setting the path for transmission. Its design must satisfy the timeliness of data transmission. However, existing design of configuration table causes too much delay on AFDX network. To fix this problem, this paper firstly provides a two-layer optimized method for the network max frame length of AFDX network configuration table. The method ensures the timeliness of high priority VL (virtual link), reserves more bandwidth for low priority VL and optimizes the end-to-end delay of low priority VL. Secondly, the method is solved with Genetic Algorithm to obtain the optimized max frame length. Finally, a test case is designed which shows the effectivity and practicality of the algorithm. This study not only ensures the timeliness and reliability of AFDX data transmission, but also optimizes the allocation of resources and improves the efficiency of configuration loading.
Structural requirements for localization and activation of protein kinase C μ (PKCμ) at the Golgi compartment (2002)

We here describe the structural requirements for Golgi localization and a sequential, localization-dependent activation process of protein kinase C (PKC) mu involving auto- and transphosphorylation. The structural basis for Golgi compartment localization was analyzed by confocal microscopy of HeLa cells expressing various PKC mu-green fluorescent protein fusion proteins costained with the Golgi compartment-specific markers p24 and p230. Deletions of either the NH(2)-terminal hydrophobic or the cysteine region, but not of the pleckstrin homology or the acidic domain, of PKC mu completely abrogated Golgi localization of PKC mu. As an NH(2)-terminal PKC mu fragment was colocalized with p24, this region of PKC mu is essential and sufficient to mediate association with Golgi membranes. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching studies confirmed the constitutive, rapid recruitment of cytosolic PKC mu to, and stable association with, the Golgi compartment independent of activation loop phosphorylation. Kinase activity is not required for Golgi complex targeting, as evident from microscopical and cell fractionation studies with kinase-dead PKC mu found to be exclusively located at intracellular membranes. We propose a sequential activation process of PKC mu, in which Golgi compartment recruitment precedes and is essential for activation loop phosphorylation (serines 738/742) by a transacting kinase, followed by auto- and transphosphorylation of NH(2)-terminal serine(s) in the regulatory domain. PKC mu activation loop phosphorylation is indispensable for substrate phosphorylation and thus PKC mu function at the Golgi compartment.
HT29-MTX/Caco-2 Cocultures as an in Vitro Model for the Intestinal Epithelium: In Vitro–in Vivo Correlation with Permeability Data from Rats and Humans (1996)

The diverse secretory and absorptive functions of the intestinal epithelium are conducted by a mixed population of absorptive cells and mucus-producing goblet cells as the major cell types. In order to approach the main characteristics in an in vitro model, a coculture system of absorptive Caco-2 cells and mucus-secreting HT29-MTX cells was developed and the permeability of a range of different drugs was tested. Variable goblet cell frequency can be achieved, preserving a significant barrier to drug transport and maintaining the differentiated features of both cell types. Absorption rates for actively transported drugs are rather underestimated in the cell culture model when compared to in vivo data. However, a good correlation with fraction absorbed in humans was attained separating the range of passively transported drugs into two groups of well-absorbable compounds with Peff > or = 10 x 10(-6) cm/s and drugs that are absorbed 40-70% with Peff = 0.1-1 x 10(-5) cm/s. A permeability of Peff < 0.1 x 10(-5) cm/s is suggested for low absorbable drugs.
A new video processor for color TV (1988)

Using integrated filter technology and an inter-IC bus system, the authors developed an NTSC video signal processing IC in a 48-pin dual-in-line package configuration. The processor provides automated alignment by integrating the digital-to-analog converters and bus control with analog processing circuitry on the same chip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved spatial targeting with directionally segmented deep brain stimulation leads for treating essential tremor (2012)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventral intermediate nucleus of thalamus (Vim) is known to exert a therapeutic effect on postural and kinetic tremor in patients with essential tremor (ET). For DBS leads implanted near the caudal border of Vim, however, there is an increased likelihood that one will also induce paresthesia side-effects by stimulating neurons within the sensory pathway of the ventral caudal (Vc) nucleus of thalamus. The aim of this computational study was to (1) investigate the neuronal pathways modulated by therapeutic, sub-therapeutic and paresthesia-inducing DBS settings in three patients with ET and (2) determine how much better an outcome could have been achieved had these patients been implanted with a DBS lead containing directionally segmented electrodes (dDBS). Multi-compartment neuron models of the thalamocortical, cerebellothalamic and medial lemniscal pathways were first simulated in the context of patient-specific anatomies, lead placements and programming parameters from three ET patients who had been implanted with Medtronic 3389 DBS leads. The models showed that in these patients, complete suppression of tremor was associated most closely with activating an average of 62% of the cerebellothalamic afferent input into Vim (n = 10), while persistent paresthesias were associated with activating 35% of the medial lemniscal tract input into Vc thalamus (n = 12). The dDBS lead design demonstrated superior targeting of the cerebello-thalamo-cortical pathway, especially in cases of misaligned DBS leads. Given the close proximity of Vim to Vc thalamus, the models suggest that dDBS will enable clinicians to more effectively sculpt current through and around thalamus in order to achieve a more consistent therapeutic effect without inducing side-effects.
An X-ray determinative method for the divalent cation ratio in the triphylite-lithiophilite series (1984)

Abstract The powder diffractograms of twenty wet chemically analysed samples in the isomorphous triphylite-lithiophilite series and five synthesized members with Fe/(Fe + Mn) = 1, 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, and 0.0, were recorded. Their unit cell dimensions were accurately refined in order to find a reliable method for semi-quantitative determination of the divalent cation content of these minerals. A multivariate best fit analysis based on Kummell’s procedure shows the marked influence of Fe 2+ and Mg 2+ on the cell dimensions, as well as that of small amounts of Fe 3+ substituting for Mn 2+ , following LiMn 2+ → □ Fe 3+ . The best representation of the correlation between chemical composition and cell parameters is given by the equations: a = 6.1041 − 0.0245 Fe tot − 0.049 Mg 2+ b = 10.4511 − Fe tot − 0.082 Mg 2+ c = 4.7400 − 0.0130(Fe 2+ + Mg 2+ ) − 0.025 Fe 3+ . No evidence of non-linearity has been found for the variation of the three cell dimensions with the chemical composition. Assuming the absence of appreciable amounts of Mg 2+ , the following set of equations is proposed: Fe tot = 41(6.104– a ); Fe tot = 35(10.451– b ); Fe tot = 77(4.740– c ) in which the c dimension gives a relatively poor estimate. Two sets of determinative graphs were constructed, one based on the cell parameter variation, and the other on the 311, 222, and 142 reflection angular positions, v. the total iron content of these minerals. These two methods, whose reliability is examined, can be used for determination of the divalent cation content, provided the samples contain less than about 0.5 wt.% Na 2 O, 0.5 wt.% CaO, and 3 wt. % Fe 2 O 3 , and are homogeneous.
Update on smoke toxicity of vinyl compounds (1989)

Abstract All organic materials burn and give off toxic products. These always include water, carbon dioxide, and the single gas causing the greatest hazard in fires—carbon monoxide (CO). The intrinsic toxicity of the smoke of all combustible materials, including PVC, is very similar in terms of lethality, with very few exceptions. Toxicity of vinyl compounds is due to two major gases: CO and hydrogen chloride (HCI). Since natural combustible materials are not chlorinated, speculation has arisen about the toxicity of HCl and of PVC smoke. Recent studies have shown that it takes similar doses of HCl and CO to kill rats. Furthermore, rats and baboons will tolerate the same levels of HCl. However, mice are much more sensitive than either rats or baboons towards HCl. Baboons are a very good model for humans; therefore, mice will be killed by exposure to much lower HCl levels than those required to kill humans. HCl concentrations in real fires are quite low: HCl decays rapidly by reacting with wall materials such as gypsum, cement, or ceiling tile. It does not, however, react rapidly with plastic or glass walls, which is where toxicity tests are carried out. Therefore PVC smoke is less hazardous in reality than it appears to be from toxicity test results. Since most products have similar intrinsic toxicities, as regards lethality, the real toxicity in a fire is a consequence of the rate of generation of gases. PVC is a difficult polymer to ignite and burns very slowly, so that it will give off less toxic products per unit time than many other common materials and cause lower fire hazard.
Antimalarials. II. Quinolinemethanols with decreased phototoxicity (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntimalarials. II. Quinolinemethanols with decreased phototoxicityEdward R. Atkinson and Anthony J. PuttickCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 537–541Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene frequencies and haplotypic associations within the HLA region in 916 unrelated Japanese individuals (1994)

The gene frequencies and haplotypic associations within the HLA region have been investigated in 916 unrelated Japanese individuals. HLA class I and class II antigens were studied by conventional serology, and class II alleles, DRB1, DRB3, DQA1, DQB1 and DPB1 were typed by using polymerase-chain reaction amplification and sequence-specific oligonucleotide probe (PCR-SSOP) method. Thirty DRB1, 3 DRB3, 8 DQA1, 15 DQB1 and 13 DPB1 alleles were found in our population. DR-NJ25, a characteristic antigen in the native American and Asian populations, was observed at 3.0%. This antigen was observed mainly with the DRB1*1403 and 1406 alleles. Twenty-seven out of 30 DRB1 alleles found in this study had a high positive linkage disequilibrium with DQB1 alleles and 20 of them had an exclusive association with one specific DQA1-DQB1 combination. The strong association between DRB1 alleles and HLA-B antigens was the most striking finding in this study. Twenty-eight out of 30 DRB1 alleles had a positive linkage disequilibrium with 24 HLA-B antigens (p < 0.01). The other two alleles, DRB1*0404 and 1402, were very rare, and their frequencies were 0.2% and 0.1%, respectively. The data presented in this population study should be useful for the studies on anthropology, organ transplantation and disease susceptibility.
Immunogenicity of a New <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> Type b Conjugate Vaccine (Meningococcal Protein Conjugate) (PedvaxHIBTM) (1990)

Haemophilus influenzae type b is responsible for an estimated 15 000 to 20 000 cases of meningitis per year in the United States, mainly in children 2 months to 5 years old.1-4 The mortality rate from meningitis due to H influenzae type b infections ranges from 5% to 10%. Despite antibiotic treatment, up to 35% of survivors have permanent neurologic sequelae. In addition to meningitis, H influenzae type b is responsible for other invasive infections, including epiglottitis, septicemia, cellulitis, septic arthritis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, pericarditis, and otitis media; approximately 30 000 cases H influenzae diseases occur annually in the United States. The diseases peak in incidence between 6 and 12 months of age, with almost one half of the cases occurring before 1 year of age. About 75% of disease caused by H influenzae type b occurs in children younger than 24 months old. The incidence of disease is higher in children of certain groups, including blacks, Hispanics, Eskimos and Native Americans, young children attending day-care facilities, patients with asplenia or antibody-deficiency syndromes, and children of lower socioeconomic status.5 There is considerable evidence that antibody to the capsular polysaccharide (polyribosylribitol-phosphate [PRP]) of H influenzae type b is protective.6-8 These antibodies activate complement for bactericidal antibody,9,10 induce opsonophagocytic activity,11,12 and protect infant rats from bacteremia due to challenge with H influenzae type b.13,14 It has been demonstrated clinically that antibodies induced by vaccination of older children with PRP are protective.7,15 The level of antibodies correlated with protection has been estimated to be 0.05 to 0.15 µg/mL after natural infection16 or after passive acquisition via immunoglobulin17 and 1.0 µg/mL for vaccine-induced protection.18
High-beta experiments with neutral-beam injection on PDX (1983)

We report experimental investigations of high-beta plasmas produced in PDX with near perpendicular neutral-beam injection. Systematic power scans have been performed over a wide range of toroidal fields (0.7T < B/sub T/ < 2.2T) and plasma currents (200 kA < I/sub p/ < 500 kA). At high toroidal fields, the change in total stored energy due to beam injection increases linearly with input power and also increases with plasma current. At lower toroidal fields and low injection-power levels, the stored energy also increases with power and plasma current. However, at high power and low toroidal fields, a saturation in heating is observed. This result suggests the onset of a ..beta../sub T/ limit for circular cross-sectional tokamaks with near-perpendicular injection. Scaling experiments indicate that this ..beta../sub T/ limit increases with rising (1/q). Values of ..beta../sub T/ approx. = 3% at q/sub Psi/ = 1.8 have been achieved.
LIVING COUPLING REACTION IN LIVING CATIONIC POLYMERIZATION. 4. SYNTHESIS OF TELECHELIC POLYISOBUTYLENES USING BIS-FURANYL DERIVATIVES AS COUPLING AGENTS<sup>†</sup> (2000)

Abstract The synthesis of telechelic polyisobutylenes (PIB) by coupling with 2,5-bis-(2-furyl-2-propyl)furan is described. Hydroxyl telechelic PIB with controlled molecular weight was obtained by haloboration-initiation of isobutylene (IB) with a BCl3/BBr3 mixture, followed by coupling of the living ends and oxidation of the (CH3O)2B- end groups with H2O2 in alkaline tetrahydrofuran. Vinyl telechelic PIBs were prepared by coupling living PIB obtained using a novel vinyl functional initiator 5-chloro-3,3,5-trimethyl-1-hexene in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. Chlorosilyl telechelic PIBs were synthesized for the first time by employing chlorosilyl Functional initiators (1-chloro-1-methyl)ethyl-3-(1-dichloro-methylsilyl-methyl)ethylbenzene and 1-methyldichlorosilyl-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-chloro-hexane in conjunction with TiCl4 in hexanes/CH3Cl (60/40, v/v) at −80°C. After coupling, the dichlorosilyl groups were converted to dimethoxysilyl groups upon quenching with methanol. The bis-dimethoxysilyl telechelic PIBs were crosslinked by moisture at room temperature in the presence of catalytic amounts of tin(II) 2-ethyl-hexanoate. Extraction of the crosslinked samples with hexanes resulted in negligible soluble content, indicating essentially quantitative crosslinking. † Part 3: Ref. Citation[10] Keywords: HydroxylVinylChlorosilylTelechelicPolyisobutyleneCouplingCrosslinkingMoisture-Curing ACKNOWLEDGMENT Support by the Dow Corning Corporation is gratefully acknowledged. We also acknowledge Ms. Irene Li for her collaboration in the crosslinking experiments of allyl-telechelic PIB and Dr. Aroop Roy for his discussions with Toshio Suzuki. Notes † Part 3: Ref. Citation[10]
A Practical Route for the Preparation of 1,4,7-Triazacyclononanyl Diacetates with a Hydroxypyridinonate Pendant Arm (2015)

The preparation of triazamacrocyclic hydroxypyridinonate (HOPO-TACN) derivatives as potential chelators for metals in biomedical applications was reported. The synthesis is based on a convergent synthetic approach, in which the key intermediate di-tert-butyl-2,2'-(1,4,7-triazonane-1,4-diyl) diacetate was coupled with a hydroxypyridinonate pendant arm. The method is suitable for rapid syntheses of metal chelator HOPO-TACNs of biomedical interest.
The Glaze Resistor - It's Structure and Reliability (1964)

Described herein are certain features of the microstructure of the palladium-silver-glass glaze resistor. Experimental evidence given indicates PdO to be a controlling factor in the conduction process. The effect of process variables on resistivity, TCR, and drift behavior under environmental stress are also discussed
A framework for video forensics based on local and temporal fingerprints (2009)

This paper presents a framework for the forensic analysis of video content, for example those illegal copies of feature films proliferating in peer-to-peer networks or on bootleg DVDs. Compact and discriminant feature vectors, so called ¿fingerprints¿, are computed for a catalog of master contents. They combine global (image-based) and local (keypoint-based) signal properties extracted on representative keyframes, together with a one-dimensional signature capturing the temporal evolution of the video. We demonstrate that the extracted fingerprints not only allow accurate copy detection but also enable precise temporal and geometric alignment of candidate videos with master content. Besides making possible watermark decoding in the presence of geometric distortion, this opens the door to the reconstruction of the history of signal manipulations. The performance of the proposed scheme is assessed through a realistic copy detection and registration scenario.
Umsetzungen mit <i>N</i>‐Carbonyl‐sulfamidsäure‐chlorid, I. Über das Sulfamidsäurechlorid (1959)

Abstract Durch partielle Hydrolyse läßt sich N ‐Carbonyl‐sulfamidsäure‐chlorid in Sulfamidsäurechlorid überführen. Es werden Vorschriften zur laboratoriumsmäßigen Herstellung dieser Verbindung mitgeteilt und einige Umsetzungen damit beschrieben.
Homotypic clusters of transcription factor binding sites are a key component of human promoters and enhancers (2010)

Clustering of multiple transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) for the same transcription factor (TF) is a common feature of cis-regulatory modules in invertebrate animals, but the occurrence of such homotypic clusters of TFBSs (HCTs) in the human genome has remained largely unknown. To explore whether HCTs are also common in human and other vertebrates, we used known binding motifs for vertebrate TFs and a hidden Markov model-based approach to detect HCTs in the human, mouse, chicken, and fugu genomes, and examined their association with cis-regulatory modules. We found that evolutionarily conserved HCTs occupy nearly 2% of the human genome, with experimental evidence for individual TFs supporting their binding to predicted HCTs. More than half of the promoters of human genes contain HCTs, with a distribution around the transcription start site in agreement with the experimental data from the ENCODE project. In addition, almost half of the 487 experimentally validated developmental enhancers contain them as well--a number more than 25-fold larger than expected by chance. We also found evidence of negative selection acting on TFBSs within HCTs, as the conservation of TFBSs is stronger than the conservation of sequences separating them. The important role of HCTs as components of developmental enhancers is additionally supported by a strong correlation between HCTs and the binding of the enhancer-associated coactivator protein Ep300 (also known as p300). Experimental validation of HCT-containing elements in both zebrafish and mouse suggest that HCTs could be used to predict both the presence of enhancers and their tissue specificity, and are thus a feature that can be effectively used in deciphering the gene regulatory code. In conclusion, our results indicate that HCTs are a pervasive feature of human cis-regulatory modules and suggest that they play an important role in gene regulation in the human and other vertebrate genomes.