gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Periphery-Functionalized Solvatochromic Nitrostilbenes As Precursors for Class II Hybrid Materials (2010)

Novel donor−acceptor-substituted stilbenes were synthesized by means of nucleophilic aromatic substitution starting from 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-[(E)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)vinyl]benzene and n-propylamine, L-proline, and 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol as model compounds for the study of molecular interactions in the solid-state and liquid environments of different polarity. The solvatochromic behavior of the chromophoric building blocks has been studied and interpreted using the empirical Kamlet−Taft solvent parameters π* (dipolarity/polarizability), α (hydrogen bond donating capacity), and β (hydrogen bond accepting ability) in terms of the well-established linear solvation energy relationship (LSER): νmax = νmax,0 + sπ* + aα + bβ. The most dominant effect on the solvatochromic behavior of nitrostilbenes is caused by interactions with solvents of different polarity/polarizability. To evaluate the environmental effects the nitrostilbenes are subjected to, we also investigated the UV/vis spectroscopic behavior as pure crystal powders and as an organic component in class II xerogels. Starting from these chromophores we were able to use three different synthetic routes in order to bind the chromophore covalently to the trialkoxysilane via an amine, amide or urethane function, respectively. The precursors thus obtained were converted into the corresponding xerogels in situ in a one-pot procedure. Two routes can be followed−one involving incorporation of the chromophore in the main chain, and the other involving incorporation in the side chain. All obtained organic−inorganic hybrid materials were characterized in detail using solid-state NMR, FT-IR, and UV/vis spectroscopy.
The Effect of Local Target Surround and Whole Background Constraint on Visual Search Times (1975)

Two experiments are described in which the effect of nontargets in positions immediately adjacent to the target (target surround) on visual search times was examined under two background conditions. The target in the first experiment had a higher luminance than the background elements; in the second experiment the target was a “double-dot”, i.e., two background elements immediately adjacent. The backgrounds used were statistically generated using the parameter probability of transition (P t ) from the state “dot to no dot” to determine presence or absence of nontargets in the display matrix. When P t = 0.5, a random background was generated and when P t = 0.25, a constrained background was produced. Constrained backgrounds are those in which some grouping is imposed on the elements of the background. For both background conditions, mean search times increased sigmoidally as a function of the number of nontargets in the target surround. Search times were longer for unconstrained than for constrained backgrounds. A search strategy is suggested which would produce these results; further experiments are suggested to test the validity and generality of these concepts in visual search experiments.
Analysis of Nitrogen Incorporation in Group III- Nitride-Arsenide Materials Using a Magnetic Sector Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) Instrument (2001)

Presented at the 2001 NCPV Program Review Meeting: Group III-nitride-arsenide materials were studied by SIMS, XRD, and Profiler to determine small amounts of nitrogen that can lower the alloys bandgap significantly.
Affymetrix, Inc. (2002)

Affymetrix creates breakthrough tools for applications in the drug development process and pharmacogenomics. By applying the principles of semiconductor technology to the life sciences, Affymetrix has created the GeneChipmicroarray platform for both gene expression analysis (mRNA) and genetic analysis (DNA). The company's integrated system is setting the standard for basic research and target identification and is now being adopted in additional research applications, such as target validation and toxicogenomics, as well as in healthcare applications including clinical trials and health management. Affymetrix' current customers include pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agrochemical, diagnostic and consumer product companies as well as academic, government and other non-profit research institutions. Additional information on Affymetrix can be found at www.affymetrix.com.
The Brake Judder Phenomenon (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An investigation was carried out in order to describe brake judder as well as to provide a qualitative analysis of the design aspects of components that cause or influence brake judder. It was found that the causes for brake judder do not always relate to the brake system but also to other components. Vehicles can be desensitized through suspension design and the development of brake judder can be influenced by the design'and quality of various individual components.</div>
Gene Specific Actions of Thyroid Hormone Receptor Subtypes (2013)

There are two homologous thyroid hormone (TH) receptors (TRs α and β), which are members of the nuclear hormone receptor (NR) family. While TRs regulate different processes in vivo and other highly related NRs regulate distinct gene sets, initial studies of TR action revealed near complete overlaps in their actions at the level of individual genes. Here, we assessed the extent that TRα and TRβ differ in target gene regulation by comparing effects of equal levels of stably expressed exogenous TRs +/- T(3) in two cell backgrounds (HepG2 and HeLa). We find that hundreds of genes respond to T(3) or to unliganded TRs in both cell types, but were not able to detect verifiable examples of completely TR subtype-specific gene regulation. TR actions are, however, far from identical and we detect TR subtype-specific effects on global T(3) response kinetics in HepG2 cells and many examples of TR subtype specificity at the level of individual genes, including effects on magnitude of response to TR +/- T(3), TR regulation patterns and T(3) dose response. Cycloheximide (CHX) treatment confirms that at least some differential effects involve verifiable direct TR target genes. TR subtype/gene-specific effects emerge in the context of widespread variation in target gene response and we suggest that gene-selective effects on mechanism of TR action highlight differences in TR subtype function that emerge in the environment of specific genes. We propose that differential TR actions could influence physiologic and pharmacologic responses to THs and selective TR modulators (STRMs).
The induction of apoptosis in proliferating human fibroblasts by oxygen radicals is associated with a p53‐ and p21<sup>WAF1CIP1</sup> induction (1997)

The role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) in the induction of apoptosis was studied in the human fibroblast cell line WI38. Apoptosis but not necrosis was observed in proliferating fibroblasts after 48 h incubation with 1 mM HX and 0.05 U/ml XO. Induction of apoptosis was hindered by catalase. Cell-cycle analysis revealed a reduction of cells in the S/G2 phase 24 and 48 h after stimulation, suggesting that ROS induce a G1 arrest in proliferating fibroblasts. This was supported by an accumulation of p53 and the cdk inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1. Since apoptosis was not inducible in senescent fibroblasts our data indicate that ROS mainly induces apoptosis in proliferating cells.
Influence of Bovine Follicular and Oviduct Fluids on Sperm Capacitation <i>In Vitro</i> (1991)

ABSTRACT: The ability of bovine follicular fluid (FF) and oviduct fluid (ODF) to capacitate sperm was determined. At concentrations of greater than 20%, both FF and ODF capacitated sperm within 4 hours, but at concentrations greater than 40%, FF also initiated the acrosome reaction. Non‐luteal ODF at a concentration greater than 60% capacitated sperm within 2 hours. Non‐luteal ODF maintained sperm motility better than either luteal ODF or FF. Sperm previously capacitated in ODF underwent the acrosome reaction when exposed to solubilized zonae pellucidae (25 ng/μL) or FF (20%, V/V). Sperm treated with 60% non‐luteal ODF or 60% FF fertilized more oocytes at 2 hours than did sperm in treatments with less concentrated fluid. After 4 hours, all fluid treatments and modified Tyrode's medium supplemented with heparin exhibited a higher percentage of fertilized oocytes than the modified Tyrode's medium alone. Concentrations of both protein and glycosaminoglycans were significantly lower in ODF than in either blood serum or FF. These studies demonstrated that ODF capacitated sperm and sustained motility, but sperm were capacitated more rapidly in non‐luteal than in luteal ODF. In contrast, FF was able to both capacitate sperm and induce the acrosome reaction. These effects of ODF and FF on aspects of sperm function were uniquely concentration‐dependent, suggesting that different mechanisms may operate in ODF and FF to regulate these events.
Underwater acoustic networks (2000)

With the advances in acoustic modem technology that enabled high-rate reliable communications, current research focuses on communication between various remote instruments within a network environment. Underwater acoustic (UWA) networks are generally formed by acoustically connected ocean-bottom sensors, autonomous underwater vehicles, and a surface station, which provides a link to an on-shore control center. While many applications require long-term monitoring of the deployment area, the battery-powered network nodes limit the lifetime of UWA networks. In addition, shallow-water acoustic channel characteristics, such as low available bandwidth, highly varying multipath, and large propagation delays, restrict the efficiency of UWA networks. Within such an environment, designing an UWA network that maximizes throughput and reliability while minimizing the power consumption becomes a very difficult task. The goal of this paper is to survey the existing network technology and its applicability to underwater acoustic channels. In addition, we present a shallow-water acoustic network example and outline some future research directions.
Locked Nucleic Acid‐Based <i>In Situ</i> Hybridisation Reveals miR‐7a as a Hypothalamus‐Enriched Micro<scp>RNA</scp> with a Distinct Expression Pattern (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (∼22 nucleotides) noncoding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally repress the expression of protein-coding genes by binding to 3'-untranslated regions of the target mRNAs. To identify miRNAs selectively expressed within the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that controls vital bodily functions, we employed locked nucleic acid (LNA)-fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH). The expression pattern of the mature miRNAs miR-7a, miR-7b, miR-137 and miR-153 in mouse brain tissue sections was investigated. Although all studied miRNAs were present in the hypothalamus, miR-7a, was the only miRNA found to be enriched in the hypothalamus, with low or no expression in other parts of the central nervous system (CNS). Within the hypothalamus, strong miR-7a expression was distinct and restricted to some hypothalamic nuclei and adjacent areas. miR-7a expression was particularly prominent in the subfornical organ, as well as the suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, periventricular, supraoptic, dorsomedial and arcuate nuclei. Identical expression patterns for miR-7a were seen in mouse and rat hypothalamus. By combining LNA-FISH with immunohistochemistry, it was shown that miR-7a was preferentially present in small orexigenic neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein-containing-neurones located in the ventromedial aspect of the arcuate nucleus but not in large pro-opiomelanocortin/cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-containing anorexigenic neurones of the ventrolateral part of the arcuate nucleus. The limited and distinct expression of miR-7a in the CNS suggests that miR-7a has a role in post-transcriptional regulation in hypothalamic neurones. Particularly strong expression of miR-7a in neurones located in the ventromedial division of the arcuate nucleus, a subregion with a weak blood-brain barrier, raises the possibility that miR-7a is influenced by circulating hormones and is a regulator of the genes involved in body weight control.
On the Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PT-RS) Design for 5G New Radio (NR) (2018)

The volume of mobile data traffic has been driven to an unprecedented high level due to the proliferation of smartphones/mobile devices that support a wide range of broadband applications and services, requiring a next generation mobile communication system, i.e., the fifth generation (5G). Millimeter wave (mmWave) bands can offer much larger available spectrum bandwidth and thus are considered as one of the most promising approaches to significantly boost the capacity in 5G NR. However, devices and network radio nodes operating on mmWave bands suffer from phase noise and without correction of phase noise, the performance of the network could potentially suffer significant losses. In this paper, we investigate the effects of phase noise and provide comprehensive solutions to track the phase noise by using phase tracking reference signals (PT-RS), as currently standardized in 3GPP Release 15. The design aspects such as PT-RS pattern, interference randomization, multi-TRP operation, etc., are investigated and evaluation results are also provided.
Synthesis and Characterization of Covalently Linked Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotide−Dendron Conjugates (2003)

A solution-phase synthesis and characterization of covalent DNA-dendron conjugates is presented. Thiol-terminated 12-base oligonucleotides were added to second- and third-generation triazine-based dendrons via thiol/disulfide exchange chemistry. Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides were successfully attached to dendrons at the core, the periphery, and both. Proof of structure for these architectures is derived primarily from mass spectrometry and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and complemented by labeling analysis using Ellman's reagent and degradation analysis using a reducing agent.
Effect of intravenous lipid emulsion on bupivacaine plasma concentration in humans (2012)

Intravenous lipid emulsion is the recommended treatment for severe local anaesthetic intoxication. Lipid emulsion may entrap lipid soluble drugs by functioning as a 'lipid sink', but its effect on bupivacaine pharmacokinetics remains unknown. In this randomised, double-blind, crossover study, eight healthy male volunteers were infused bupivacaine 0.5mg.kg(-1) intravenously over 20 min, followed by an infusion of either intravenous lipid emulsion or Hartmann's solution for 30 min. At 20 and 30 min after the start of the infusion, the total plasma bupivacaine concentration was lower while receiving lipid emulsion than Hartmann's solution (mean difference 111 (95% CI 55-167) μg.l(-1) and 75 (95% CI 26-124 μg.l(-1) at 20 and 30 min, respectively; p<0.02). However, there were no differences in un-entrapped (non-lipid bound) or free (non-protein bound) bupivacaine plasma concentrations during the infusion. Intravenous lipid emulsion infusion reduced the context-sensitive half-life of total plasma bupivacaine from 45 (95% CI 32-76)min to 25 (95% CI 20-33)min; p=0.01. We observed no significant adverse effects of lipid emulsion. In conclusion, lipid emulsion may slightly increase the rate of bupivacaine tissue distribution. No 'lipid sink' effect was observed with the non-toxic dose of bupivacaine used.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Formic Acid Reductions. A Selective Method for the Reduction of Nitro Compounds. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Megestrol acetate used as primary hormonal therapy in stage D prostatic cancer. (1985)

The majority of patients with advanced prostatic cancer respond either to castration or estrogen therapy. In an attempt to identify an alternative hormonal therapy, 25 symptomatic stage D prostate cancer patients were treated with megestrol acetate as initial hormonal therapy. Thirty-three patients were evaluable for response as defined by the National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria. Partial remission was observed in 11 patients and stable disease in 5, with an overall response rate of 70%. The projected median duration of response and survival were 10 and 20 months, respectively. Weight gain was common, but only two patients showed evidence of fluid retention. Gynecomastia, thromboembolic episodes, and gastrointestinal side effects were not observed in this group of patients, though two patients had increased pain shortly after therapy was initiated. Thus, in advanced prostatic cancer, megestrol acetate is effective primary therapy with minimal side effects.
Analysis of Stand-alone Differential GPS for Precision Approach (1992)

Recently, there has been wide-spread interest in the use of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for precision approaches in a civil aviation environment. However, most of the work to date in Europe and North America has treated a GPS/inertial reference system (IRS) combination as the source of guidance for this phase of flight. Since the US has a very large general aviation population, the FAA is very interested in determining the role of a stand-alone implementation of differential GPS (DGPS) as a navigation sensor for precision approaches. This paper has two parts: a summary of the analysis of this application of DGPS; and a discussion of the navigation satellite test bed that is under development at the FAA's Technical Center. The first part contains proposed accuracy, integrity and availability operational requirements, and their air traffic implications. A stand-alone DGPS concept is developed, and analysed. The major results of the analysis indicate that stand-alone DGPS may not fully meet Category I (CAT I) accuracy requirements. The results of the analysis are then used to provide the rationale for the major recommendation: that FAA pursue an implementation of a wide-area DGPS (WADGPS) to achieve a Near CAT I precision approach capability. The second part of the paper discusses the three-phase navigation satellite experimental programme that is being developed to acquire the data to validate the enhancements to GPS, including a GPS Integrity Channel (GIC) and WADGPS. The objectives of each of the experimental phases are presented and discussed. Then the experiments of Phase I that address GIC/WADGPS are discussed.
Synthesis of an oxyamide linked nucleotide dimer and incorporation into antisense oligonucleotide sequences (1994)

Two derivatives of thymidine, a 5′-protected 3-hydroxylamine and 5′-carboxy-3′-protected compound, were prepared and coupled to form an oxyamide-linked dinucleotide analogue; this dimer was incorporated into an oligodeoxynucleotide then shown to anneal to complementary DNA with nearly the same affinity as the natural sequence.
Investigation of deep sea shelf sandbank dynamics driven by highly energetic tidal flows (2016)

In this paper we describe a numerical modelling study carried out to investigate the prevailing sediment dynamics of two large sandbanks located at a site designated for future development of tidal stream energy extraction, in the Inner Sound Channel of Pentland Firth, Scotland, UK. A calibrated and validated 3D Delft3D hydrodynamic model covering Pentland Firth channel was combined with a morphodynamic model. The sea bed changes occurring around the sandbanks during a period of two spring-neap tidal cycles are described and discussed in detail. It was found that both sandbanks, which are located in a deep shelf region (depths > 18 m), are morphodynamically active and their existence and integrity are strongly linked with the existing hydrodynamic regime.
Disruption of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Chitinase Markedly Impairs Parasite Invasion of Mosquito Midgut (2001)

To initiate invasion of the mosquito midgut, Plasmodium ookinetes secrete chitinolytic activity to penetrate the peritrophic matrix surrounding the blood meal. While ookinetes of the avian malaria parasite Plasmodium gallinaceum appear to secrete products of two chitinase genes, to date only one chitinase gene, PfCHT1, has been identified in the nearly completed Plasmodium falciparum strain 3D7 genome database. To test the hypothesis that the single identified chitinase of P. falciparum is necessary for ookinete invasion, the PfCHT1 gene was disrupted 39 bp upstream of the stop codon. PfCHT1-disrupted parasites had normal gametocytogenesis, exflagellation, and ookinete formation but were markedly impaired in their ability to form oocysts in Anopheles freeborni midguts. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that the truncated PfCHT1 protein was present in mutant ookinetes but that the concentration of mutant PfCHT1 within the apical end of the ookinetes was substantially reduced. These data suggest that full-length PfCHT1 is essential for intracellular trafficking and secretion and that the PfCHT1 gene product is necessary for ookinetes to invade the mosquito midgut.
An epidemiological study of the influence of season (cold and dry air) on the occurrence of irritant skin changes of the hands (1998)

In the course of an ongoing cohort study on constitutional and occupational risk factors for the development of irritant hand dermatitis in hairdressing apprentices, an increased prevalence of irritant skin changes was noted in a subgroup examined during particularly cold winter months. Prompted by this observation, the importance of several meteorological factors (day means of temperature, relative and absolute humidity) was assessed in extensive statistical analyses based on data of 742 participants, supplemented by meteorological information obtained from the German Meteorological Service (DWD). There were significant associations of existing hand dermatitis with low temperature and low absolute humidity (Mann-Whitney U-test, P < 0.0001), but not with relative humidity (P = 0.38). Logistic regression analysis, including known determinants of irritant hand dermatitis in this setting, showed that low temperature and low relative humidity tended to be risk factors (OR = 1.66 and 1.57, respectively, for the lower quartiles, P = 0.07 in both cases), and confirmed that absolute humidity significantly influenced the occurrence of irritant hand dermatitis (OR = 2.06 for < 4.8 mg/L, P < 0.01). Thus, these environmental factors must be regarded as possible confounders in the analysis of future epidemiological studies on irritant hand dermatitis and should be considered in multifactorial analyses.
Auto-associative memory using n-tuple techniques (1994)

The use of n-tuple or weightless neural networks as pattern recognition devices has been well documented [1]. They have a significant advantages over more common networks paradigms, such as the multi-layer perceptron in that they can be easily implemented in digital hardware using standard random access memories. To date, n-tuple networks have predominantly been used as fast pattern classification devices. The paper describes how n-tuple techniques can be used in the hardware implementation of a general auto-associative network.