gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Le repère cartésien dans les systèmes scolaires français et italien: étude didactique et application de méthodes d'analyse statistique multidimensionnelle (1996)

Cette these, tout en conservant un regard attentif aux differences institutionnelles propres des systemes scolaires francais et italien, mene une analyse du point de vue de la didactique des mathematiques. Le rapport institutionnel au savoir (introduit par y. Chevallard, 1989) et l'analyse des attentes reciproques de l'enseignant et de l'eleve vis-a-vis d'un savoir (introduit par g. Brousseau, 1986 sous la denomination de contrat didactique d'un savoir), en tant que concepts du paradigme theorique de la didactique, fournissent les outils de ce travail. Celui-ci prend en consideration, en tant que savoir enseigne, le repere cartesien, present officiellement, en france comme en italie tout au long des programmes du college au lycee, comme outil du travail mathematique. Une analyse de manuels francais et italiens, de ces niveaux scolaires, permet d'identifier des caracteres du rapport institutionnel a ce meme savoir pour l'enseignant, aussi bien que de celui de l'eleve. Elle met en evidence une sedimentation des regles du contrat didactique specifique du repere cartesien, qui fournissent l'indice d'une certaine limitation du sens de ce savoir. Les methodes hierarchiques, de l'implication selon gras-larher et de la similarite selon lerman, fournissent les outils de l'analyse statistique des reponses a un questionnaire, passe au niveau de la premiere annee du deug scientifique, concernant la mise a l'epreuve des regles du contrat. Une amelioration de la fidelite de la methode implicative est presentee a cette occasion. L'ensemble de ce travail est place dans le cadre plus large des travaux considerant l'apport dialectique de l'analyse didactique et de l'analyse statistique, afin d'identifier des phenomenes specifiques de l'institution ecole, en tant que systeme
Use of n-hexadecane as an oxygen vector to improve Phaffia rhodozyma growth and carotenoid production in shake-flask cultures (2006)

Use of organic oxygen vectors such as n-hexadecane may be a simple and useful means for enhancing oxygen transfer and carotenoid production in liquid fermentation of P. rhodozyma.
A lidar perception scheme for intelligent vehicle navigation (2010)

In urban environments, detection of moving obstacles and free space determination are key issues for driving assistance systems or autonomous vehicles. This paper presents a lidar-based perception system for passenger-cars, able to do simultaneously mapping and moving obstacles detection. Nowadays, many lidars provide multi-layer and multi-echo measurements. A smart way to handle this multi-modality is to use grids projected on the road surface in both global and local frames. The global one generates the mapping and the local is used to deal with moving objects. An approach based on both positive and negative accumulation has been developed to address the remnant problem of quickly moving obstacles. This method is also well suited for multi-layer and multi-echo sensors. Experimental results carried out with an IBEO Alasca and an Applanix positioning system show the performance of such a perception strategy.
Ion beam self-sputtering using a cathodic arc ion source (1988)

A low-voltage/high-current vacuum arc offers a means of producing high-current ion beams. These beams can be employed in conjunction with suitable anode and sputter target configurations to permit coating production by self-sputtering without the necessity for adding process gas. This paper describes the influence of sputtering angle and target voltage on coating rate and morphology.
Pathology of the cerebral artery in Binswanger's disease in the aged: Observation by serial sections and morphometry of the cerebral arteries (2004)

Binswanger's disease (BD) is not rare in the aged. The aim of the present study was to compare the etiopathogenesis of BD of the aged (aged-BD) with that of classic-BD, with the aid of morphometry of the arterial medial thickness and reconstruction of the cerebral medullary arteries using serial sections from five autopsy cases. The age range of the aged-BD cases was 73-89 years. The mean heart weight of these cases was 296 g, in contrast to 391 g of the five age-matched cases of hypertension without diffuse myelin loss and atrophy of the cerebral white matter (HT). Although significant medial hypertrophy of the subarachnoid and medullary arteries was not found in all aged-BD cases, differently from classic-BD, all five cases of aged-BD commonly presented significantly widespread loss of the medial smooth muscle cells (SMC) of the medullary arteries as compared with HT, similar to the case in classic-BD. The etiopathogenesis of aged-BD is common to that of classic-BD; stiffening caused by hypertensive changes of the medullary artery, especially SMC loss, is responsible for the diffuse myelin loss and atrophy of the cerebral white matter of BD, rather than grade of hypertension itself or hypertensive medial hypertrophy. As the mechanism of such an especially severe involvement of the cerebral medullary artery in BD, some genetic abnormality in the functional response or vulnerability to hypertension of the artery should be considered.
Phase II Study of the MEK1/MEK2 Inhibitor Trametinib in Patients With Metastatic <i>BRAF</i> -Mutant Cutaneous Melanoma Previously Treated With or Without a BRAF Inhibitor (2012)

Trametinib was well tolerated. Significant clinical activity was observed in BRAF-inhibitor-naive patients previously treated with chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy. Minimal clinical activity was observed as sequential therapy in patients previously treated with a BRAF inhibitor. Together, these data suggest that BRAF-inhibitor resistance mechanisms likely confer resistance to MEK-inhibitor monotherapy. These data support further evaluation of trametinib in BRAF-inhibitor-naive BRAF-mutant melanoma, including rarer forms of BRAF-mutant melanoma.
Forces and Pitching Moments on an Aspect-ratio-3.1 Wing-body Combination at Mach Numbers from 2.5 to 3.5 and Sublimation Studies of the Effect of Single-element Roughness on the Boundary-layer Flow (1958)

Report presenting lift, drag, and pitching-moment characteristics for a wing-body combination for a range of Mach numbers. The wing had an aspect ratio of 3.1, a sweepback of the leading edge of 19.1 degrees, a taper ratio of 0.39, and a biconvex profile with a thickness of 3 percent of the chord. Results regarding aerodynamic characteristics and visual-flow studies are provided.
Interstrand Cross-linking Reaction in Triplexes Containing a Monofunctional Transplatin-Adduct (1996)

Our aim was to determine whether a single transplatin monofunctional adduct, either trans-[Pt(NH3)2(dC)Cl]+ or trans-[Pt(NH3)2(dG)Cl]+ within a homopyrimidine oligonucleotide, could further react and form an interstrand cross-link once the platinated oligonucleotide was bound to the complementary duplex. The single monofunctional adduct was located at either the 5' end or in the middle of the platinated oligonucleotide. In all the triplexes, specific interstrand cross-links were formed between the platinated Hoogsteen strand and the complementary purine-rich strand. No interstrand cross-links were detected between the platinated oligonucleotides and non-complementary DNA. The yield and the rate of the cross-linking reaction depend upon the nature and location of the monofunctional adducts. Half-lives of the monofunctional adducts within the triplexes were in the range 2-6 h. The potential use of the platinated oligonucleotides to modulate gene expression is discussed.
New application for multipolar plasmas: High-temperature treatment of materials (1984)

In a multipole plasma reactor, large volumes of homogeneous steady-state plasma of satisfactory density can be obtained. This type of plasma appears to be well adapted to high-temperature treatment of materials. The mechanisms involved, advantages, and limitations of the process are analyzed in the light of some preliminary results.
Components and results of a new preparation technique for automated analysis of cervical samples. (1980)

Components and evaluations of a new preparative procedure for automated high-resolution analysis of cervical samples are presented. This procedure is based on sedimentation velocity separation of samples with subsequent fractionation of the separation column and centrifugal deposition of suspended cells on coated glass slides. A system for specimen collection and mailing of suspended samples is described. A new type of glass slide designed for automated analysis is presented, and centrifugal buckets for cell deposition on a 6-sq-cm area are described. Experimental results with different kinds of coating substances for glass slides as well as different isopyknic media are discussed, and data for differential cell counts are graphically demonstrated. Looking at the diagnostic accuracy and economic feasibility of this system, the authors realize that preparations have to be evaluated quantitatively and that constraints of sample size and processing time have to be taken into consideration for further developments.
Crystal structure of the human lysosomal mTORC1 scaffold complex and its impact on signaling (2017)

The LAMTOR [late endosomal and lysosomal adaptor and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) and mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) activator] complex, also known as "Ragulator," controls the activity of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) on the lysosome. The crystal structure of LAMTOR consists of two roadblock/LC7 domain-folded heterodimers wrapped and apparently held together by LAMTOR1, which assembles the complex on lysosomes. In addition, the Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) associated with the pentamer through their carboxyl-terminal domains, predefining the orientation for interaction with mTORC1. In vitro reconstitution and experiments with site-directed mutagenesis defined the physiological importance of LAMTOR1 in assembling the remaining components to ensure fidelity of mTORC1 signaling. Functional data validated the effect of two short LAMTOR1 amino acid regions in recruitment and stabilization of the Rag GTPases.
Women in book publishing — a ‘feminised’ sector? (1996)

The book publishing industry is frequently cited as exceptional in that it 'seems to have let women through at the very top — at the business end — in a way that… no other industry in the country can equal' (The Guardian, 1988). However, although women comprise the majority of publishing employees and are the major purchasers of both new and secondhand books1 (Book Marketing, 1995), they continue to be under-represented in senior positions within publishing. Gendered patterns of vertical and horizontal segregation persist within the book publishing industry as in other 'feminised' sectors (Acker, 1989; Tomlinson and Colgan, 1989; Crompton and Sanderson, 1992). Indirect exclusionary practices can be identified within publishing as within other white-collar and professional sectors (Crompton and Le Feuvre, 1992; Walsh and Cassell, 1995; Witz, 1992). Thus our research has shown that women are more likely to be steered into 'jobs' with limited prospects than the 'careers' which can lead to positions of power within publishing companies (Colgan and Tomlinson, 1991).
Endothelium-derived relaxing factor modulates platelet aggregation in an in vivo model of recurrent platelet activation. (1992)

It has been shown that endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) may inhibit platelet aggregation in vitro through activation of platelet-soluble guanylate cyclase. To assess whether EDRF may also affect platelet function in vivo, intravascular platelet aggregation was initiated by placing an external constrictor around endothelially injured rabbit carotid arteries. Carotid blood flow velocity was measured continuously by a Doppler flow probe placed proximal to the constrictor. After placement of the constrictor, cyclic flow reductions (CFRs), due to recurrent platelet aggregation, developed at the site of the stenosis. After CFRs were observed for 30 minutes, a solution of authentic nitric oxide (NO, n = 10) was infused into the carotid artery via a small catheter placed proximally to the stenosis. Before infusion of NO, CFR frequency averaged 18.3 +/- 2.9 cycles per hour, and CFR severity (lowest carotid blood flow as percentage of baseline values) was 6 +/- 1%. NO completely inhibited CFRs in all animals, as shown by the normal and constant pattern of carotid blood flow (CFR frequency, 0 cycles per hour, p < 0.001; carotid blood flow, 92 +/- 5%, p = NS versus baseline). These effects were transient; CFRs were restored spontaneously within 10 minutes after cessation of NO infusion. After CFRs returned, S-nitroso-cysteine (S-NO-cys), a proposed form of EDRF, was infused into the carotid artery. S-NO-cys also abolished CFRs in all animals but at a significantly lower dose than NO (0.3 +/- 0.1 versus 12 +/- 4 nmol/min). The role of endogenously released EDRF in modulating in vivo platelet function was then tested in additional experiments. In 10 animals, endogenous release of EDRF was stimulated by infusing acetylcholine into the aortic root during CFRs. Infusion of acetylcholine was also associated with a complete inhibition of CFRs, similar to that observed during exogenous infusion of NO or S-NO-cys. These antithrombotic effects of acetylcholine were completely lost when EDRF synthesis was prevented by administration of the L-arginine analogue NG-monomethyl L-arginine (L-NMMA). Furthermore, in six additional rabbits the basal release of EDRF was blocked by L-NMMA after CFRs had been previously abolished with aspirin or the combination of aspirin and ketanserin, a serotonin S2 receptor antagonist. L-NMMA caused restoration of CFRs in all animals, indicating that even the basal release of EDRF is important in modulating platelet reactivity in vivo. Taken together, the data of the present study demonstrate that endogenous EDRF might importantly contribute to the modulation of platelet function in vivo.
Graphene Islands on Cu Foils: The Interplay between Shape, Orientation, and Defects (2010)

We have observed the growth of monolayer graphene on Cu foils using low-energy electron microscopy. On the (100)-textured surface of the foils, four-lobed, 4-fold-symmetric islands nucleate and grow. The graphene in each of the four lobes has a different crystallographic alignment with respect to the underlying Cu substrate. These "polycrystalline" islands arise from complex heterogeneous nucleation events at surface imperfections. The shape evolution of the lobes is well explained by an angularly dependent growth velocity. Well-ordered graphene forms only above ∼790 °C. Sublimation-induced motion of Cu steps during growth at this temperature creates a rough surface, where large Cu mounds form under the graphene islands. Strategies for improving the quality of monolayer graphene grown on Cu foils must address these fundamental defect-generating processes.
Quantum chemistry as a benchmark for near-term quantum computers (2019)

Abstract We present a quantum chemistry benchmark for noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers that leverages the variational quantum eigensolver, active-space reduction, a reduced unitary coupled cluster ansatz, and reduced density purification as error mitigation. We demonstrate this benchmark using 4 of the available qubits on the 20-qubit IBM Tokyo and 16-qubit Rigetti Aspen processors via the simulation of alkali metal hydrides (NaH, KH, RbH), with accuracy of the computed ground state energy serving as the primary benchmark metric. We further parameterize this benchmark suite on the trial circuit type, the level of symmetry reduction, and error mitigation strategies. Our results demonstrate the characteristically high noise level present in near-term superconducting hardware, but provide a relevant baseline for future improvement of the underlying hardware, and a means for comparison across near-term hardware types. We also demonstrate how to reduce the noise in post processing with specific error mitigation techniques. Particularly, the adaptation of McWeeny purification of noisy density matrices dramatically improves accuracy of quantum computations, which, along with adjustable active space, significantly extends the range of accessible molecular systems. We demonstrate that for specific benchmark settings and a selected range of problems, the accuracy metric can reach chemical accuracy when computing over the cloud on certain quantum computers.
Hierarchical clustering of large volumetric datasets (2005)

In this paper we propose a multiresolution hierarchical data structure called the Ordered Cluster Binary Tree (OCBT). The OCBT is a binary tree structure that extends a Cluster Binary Tree with spatial splitting similar to that of a k-D Tree. We also show how this tree can be improved to extract data efficiently at different sub volumes and levels of detail at run time. We also incorporate a bounding sphere hierarchy to enable early search termination. This clustering algorithm can be made out-of-core and thus enables datasets of several giga bytes in size.
A flexible co-processor for high-performance communication support (2002)

Flexible implementation platforms for integrated service communication subsystems providing high performance capabilities are increasingly required. Dedicated VLSI components can be used for time-critical processing tasks in order to provide high performance. The highly modular VLSI communication co-processor designed with parametrizable and programmable components allows for service flexibility. The implementation architecture is not limited to a certain protocol, but allows the implementation of a variety of high-speed protocols. Furthermore, this architecture supports the mapping of a formal protocol specification onto a powerful implementation architecture. This paper describes the architecture in general and dedicated components in detail. Preliminary performance values are presented and compared with measurements of typical software implementations.
Reviews (1984)

Reviews The Rhetorical Tradition and Modern Writing . Edited by JAMES J. MURPHY . Pp. vii+149 . New York : The Modern Language Association of America , 1982 . DAVID SEED DAVID SEED Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 31, Issue 4, December 1984, Pages 556–557, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/31-4-556 Published: 01 December 1984
Hydraulic Conductivity (Permeability) of Laboratory-Compacted Asphalt Mixtures (2001)

A flexible-wall permeameter was used to study the hydraulic conductivity (also referred to as “permeability”) of asphalt mixtures commonly used in Wisconsin. Effects of saturation, hydraulic gradient, and sidewall leakage were studied to determine an appropriate testing procedure. The test procedure was then used to study how mixture design variables affect hydraulic conductivity. Four aggregate gradations were tested to develop relationships between hydraulic conductivity and volumetric properties. Two mixtures were also compacted to different heights (ranging from 37.5 mm to 110.0 mm) to evaluate how lift thickness affects hydraulic conductivity. Results of the tests indicate that back-pressure saturation can be used to ensure that specimens are saturated and that the saturated hydraulic conductivity is measured. Sidewall leakage was eliminated by using bentonite clay as a sealing agent. The hydraulic gradient was selected on the basis of a parametric experiment showing how the gradient affects hydraulic conductivity. Tests on the various mixtures showed that a power-law relationship exists between air voids content and hydraulic conductivity, but the hydraulic conductivity also depends on the gradation. Lift thickness also appears to be important, with lower hydraulic conductivity obtained from greater lift thickness at a given air void content. The results show that hydraulic conductivity cannot be controlled only by limiting air voids and that a hydraulic conductivity test is necessary for a mixture design that includes hydraulic conductivity as a criterion.
NlpI‐mediated modulation of outer membrane vesicle production through peptidoglycan dynamics in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2015)

Abstract Outer membrane vesicles ( OMV s) are ubiquitously secreted from the outer membrane ( OM ) of Gram‐negative bacteria. These heterogeneous structures are composed of OM filled with periplasmic content from the site of budding. By analyzing mutants that have vesicle production phenotypes, we can gain insight into the mechanism of OMV budding in wild‐type cells, which has thus far remained elusive. In this study, we present data demonstrating that the hypervesiculation phenotype of the nlpI deletion mutant of Escherichia coli correlates with changes in peptidoglycan ( PG ) dynamics. Our data indicate that in stationary phase cultures the nlpI mutant exhibits increased PG synthesis that is dependent on spr , consistent with a model in which NlpI controls the activity of the PG endopeptidase Spr. In log phase, the nlpI mutation was suppressed by a dacB mutation, suggesting that NlpI regulates penicillin‐binding protein 4 ( PBP 4) during exponential growth. The data support a model in which NlpI negatively regulates PBP 4 activity during log phase, and Spr activity during stationary phase, and that in the absence of NlpI, the cell survives by increasing PG synthesis. Further, the nlpI mutant exhibited a significant decrease in covalent outer membrane ( OM ‐ PG ) envelope stabilizing cross‐links, consistent with its high level of OMV production. Based on these results, we propose that one mechanism wild‐type Gram‐negative bacteria can use to modulate vesiculation is by altering PG ‐ OM cross‐linking via localized modulation of PG degradation and synthesis.
Forecasting Electricity Smart Meter Data Using Conditional Kernel Density Estimation (2014)

The recent advent of smart meters has led to large micro-level datasets. For the first time, the electricity consumption at individual sites is available on a near real-time basis. Efficient management of energy resources, electric utilities, and transmission grids, can be greatly facilitated by harnessing the potential of this data. The aim of this study is to generate probability density estimates for consumption recorded by individual smart meters. Such estimates can assist decision making by helping consumers identify and minimize their excess electricity usage, especially during peak times. For suppliers, these estimates can be used to devise innovative time-of-use pricing strategies aimed at their target consumers. We consider methods based on conditional kernel density (CKD) estimation with the incorporation of a decay parameter. The methods capture the seasonality in consumption, and enable a nonparametric estimation of its conditional density. Using eight months of half-hourly data for one thousand meters, we evaluate point and density forecasts, for lead times ranging from one half-hour up to a week ahead. We find that the kernel-based methods outperform a simple benchmark method that does not account for seasonality, and compare well with an exponential smoothing method that we use as a sophisticated benchmark. To gauge the financial impact, we use density estimates of consumption to derive prediction intervals of electricity cost for different time-of-use tariffs. We show that a simple strategy of switching between different tariffs, based on a comparison of cost densities, delivers significant cost savings for the great majority of consumers.