gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombocytopenia After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation: An Unresolved Problem and Possible Approaches to Resolve It (1996)

Prolonged thrombocytopenia is a frequent clinical problem in cancer patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous transplantation. The use of GM-CSF as an adjuvant to autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) has significantly reduced the duration of neutropenia after high-dose chemotherapy but failed to accelerate platelet recovery in transplanted patients. The more rapid hematopoietic reconstitution obtained by autologous mobilized peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation (PBPCT) after high-dose chemotherapy has resulted in its increasing use instead of ABMT. However, PBPCT does not always produce faster platelet engraftment after high-dose chemotherapy, and persistent thrombocytopenia remains a significant clinical problem in PBPC-transplanted patients. The duration of severe thrombocytopenia (requiring frequent platelet transfusions) until platelet recovery varies widely depending on the quality of the autograft and previous radiotherapy or chemotherapy. The median days to reach 20,000/microliters platelets ranged from 10 to 32 days. Pilot clinical studies in which cancer patients were transplanted with enriched CD34+ cell autografts, obtained from G-CSF-mobilized PB, showed a similar platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy but also wide variation among the patients. The median days to reach 20,000/microliters platelets ranged from 9 to 38 days. The dose of CFU-GM in the autograft has been identified as the best predictive factor for hematopoietic recovery (p < 0.0001) after high-dose chemotherapy and autologous PBPCT in 118 patients with hematologic malignancies. A similar assessment of the megakaryocyte progenitor cells (BFU-MK and CFU-MK) in the autograft not only could predict time to platelet recovery but also could help to optimize the number and method of mobilization of the PBPC required to shorten the problematic obligatory 2-week duration of thrombocytopenia after high-dose chemotherapy. A routine assessment of the number of BFU-MK and CFU-MK present in each autograft and correlation with platelet recovery after transplantation would enable us to define the clinical threshold cell dose required for rapid platelet recovery. Recently, several non-specific cytokines with thrombopoietic activity have been evaluated in phase I clinical trials, including interleukin-1, interleukin-3 followed by GM-CSF, interleukin-6, and interleukin-11 in cancer patients, showing an encouraging trend toward a decrease in thrombocytopenia after chemotherapy. The recently cloned specific platelet cytokine, thrombopoietin, is currently undergoing phase I clinical studies, and the results are awaited with interest.
PPC 6020-Gravimetric extrusion control (2003)

A description is given of a gravimetric extrusion control system which greatly reduces the amount of time that has to be spent in setting up and maintaining the desired end product of an extrusion line. The gravimetric system improves quality, conserves material, and maintains a record of each extruder's material usage for inventory. By detecting and compensating for deviation in the extruder's output per screw revolution, average layer thickness and average total thickness or average tube inside diameter can be established and maintained automatically by weight. Gear pumps can help reduce short-term fluctuations to the die due to a poor screw design or high regrind levels and should be used in conjunction with gravimetric systems in some cases. The gravimetric system by itself allows for a more direct and complete extrusion control as compared to the gear pump while providing acceptable output control where short-term fluctuation is not a problem. The gravimetric system controls to an average value, thereby having a limited effect on the material distribution across the die. Prepackaged gravimetric additive feeding systems are easily incorporated to provide complete assurance and control of the materials into each extruder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Snake venom galactoside-binding lectins: a structural and functional overview (2015)

Snake venom galactoside-binding lectins (SVgalLs) comprise a class of toxins capable of recognizing and interacting with terminal galactoside residues of glycans. In the past 35 years, since the first report on the purification of thrombolectin from Bothrops atrox snake venom, several SVgalLs from Viperidae and Elapidae snake families have been described, as has progressive improvement in the investigation of structural/functional aspects of these lectins. Moreover, the advances of techniques applied in protein-carbohydrate recognition have provided important approaches in order to screen for possible biological targets. The present review describes the efforts over the past 35 years to elucidate SVgalLs, highlighting their structure and carbohydrate recognition function involved in envenomation pathophysiology and potential biomedical applications.
Improved Photoluminescence of Y <sub>3</sub> Al <sub>5</sub> O <sub>12</sub> :Ce Nanoparticles by Silica Coating (2010)

Nanoscaled Y 3 Al 5 O 12 :Ce (YAG:Ce) particles prepared through a coprecipitation method and heated to elevated temperatures were treated in different weights with tetraethyl orthosilicate at room temperature for surface coating. The IR absorption measurements attested to the presence of silica in YAG:Ce by a broad absorption band at 1000–1400 cm −1 , while maintaining a cubic structure and constant lattice parameters as revealed from the X‐ray diffraction analysis. Transmission electron micrographs also presented the encapsulation of YAG:Ce nanoparticles in silica as the IR results. The optical properties of photoluminescence (PL) of these silica‐coated YAG:Ce were found to depend on the quantity of YAG:Ce nanoparticles in the coating solution with an optimal weight ratio of 0.16 (silica/YAG:Ce). The increased PL intensity of these YAG:Ce after silica coating was proposed to result from the quenching inhibition of surface states in YAG:Ce nanoparticles and the increased light extraction from the silica/YAG:Ce interface.
Root of All Evil, or Symbol of a Generation? (2010)

In his generational profile essay “Root of all Evil, Symbol of a Generation,” John Swanson offers a sarcastic yet thoughtful analysis of a cultural artifact—Axe Body Spray. He begins the essay discussing how we often define generations with “wars, movements, political shifts, musical trends, literary masterpieces and the like,” and then juxtaposes such weighty events with Axe Body Spray, a seemingly passé mass-produced product. How does this comparison set the tone for the essay? How does Swanson portray his generation (ex. lazy and sexualized)? As a member of the generation Swanson addresses, do you feel he accurately depicts you? This essay cannot be sufficiently examined without taking into account the influence of media. Can media tell us how to live, what is appropriate, what to buy? Do you have brand loyalty? Why? What factors contribute to brand loyalty? What does original language such as, “The Man-Fumes of my generation” or “the real reason for the Great War on Guy Funk,” contribute to Swanson’s stylistic approach, and is such language appropriate for an argumentative profile? He uses quotations from interviews with his friends as evidence for his claim that the “Axe Effect” defines his generation. Is this evidence convincing? Why or why not? Though at first this essay may simply seem like a witty spin on generational typing, Swanson’s ideas have far-reaching and widespread implications about societal values and identity formation.
Polymer Synthesis by Gamma Radiation (1956)

Monomers have been polymerized successfully by the action of gamma rays to high molecular weight solids without the employment of elevated temperatures or catalysts. Among the monomers polymerized were ethylene, styrene, methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, and methyl methacrylate. Low molecular weight polyester syrups have been solidified into hard transparent solids without the use of the usual catalysts and accelerators. Some chemical and physical properties of these polymers have been determined. Observed values are compared with the properties of polymers obtained by thermal and catalytic activation. Radiation energies required for causing polymerization have been determined.
Classification of Magnetic Nanoparticle Systems—Synthesis, Standardization and Analysis Methods in the NanoMag Project (2015)

This study presents classification of different magnetic single- and multi-core particle systems using their measured dynamic magnetic properties together with their nanocrystal and particle sizes. The dynamic magnetic properties are measured with AC (dynamical) susceptometry and magnetorelaxometry and the size parameters are determined from electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Using these methods, we also show that the nanocrystal size and particle morphology determines the dynamic magnetic properties for both single- and multi-core particles. The presented results are obtained from the four year EU NMP FP7 project, NanoMag, which is focused on standardization of analysis methods for magnetic nanoparticles.
Polyelectrolytes bearing azobenzenes for the functionalization of multilayers (1999)

Abstract Thin polymeric films are assembled by the alternating adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. The polyions are functionalized by azobenzenes, typically carrying donor‐acceptor substituents. The azobenzene chromophores are exploited as versatile analytical tools, to study the assembling process, and to control the film quality. A high concentration of ionic groups does not seem to be advantageous per se for good film growth, but rather the matching of the charge densities of the polyelectrolyte pair used seems to be important. Also, the influence of the strongly interacting, form‐anisotropic character of the azobenzenes on the internal film structure was investigated. Although even high concentrations of azobenzenes and of other mesogens do not induce particular ordering, a few polymer pairs allowed the construction of real multilayer films, exhibiting e.g. Bragg peaks.
Railway Static Power Conditioners for High-speed Train Traction Power Supply Systems Using Three-phase V/V Transformers (2011)

In order to eliminate the negative-sequence and harmonic currents in the high-speed train traction systems with three-phase V/V transformers, a compensation strategy based on the railway static power conditioners (RPC) is proposed in this paper. An RPC contains two converters that are connected back to back by sharing the same dc link. In this paper, the structure and principle to compensate negative-sequence currents for the RPC with a three-phase V/V transformer are explained, and a strategy to provide the compensation references for negative-sequence and harmonic currents is proposed. Also, a method to separate active current, reactive current, and harmonic current references from the total negative-sequence and harmonic current references is given. Moreover, a controller is proposed to maintain the dc-link voltage and to compensate the negative-sequence and harmonic currents. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate that the proposed strategy is very effective.
Transition to turbulence in oscillating pipe flow (1975)

Published results on transition in a Stokes layer indicate a wide range of transition Reynolds numbers. As thermal effects in a resonance tube (Merkli & Thomann 1975) depend on the state of the boundary layer, the transition Reynolds number was determined, and a critical Reynolds number A c ≈ 400 was found. The observations were made with hot wires and with flow visualization by means of smoke, and provide new details on turbulence in a Stokes layer. With this knowledge an explanation of the large discrepancies between some stability theories and the experiments is suggested. The main point is that turbulence occurs in the form of periodic bursts which are followed by relaminarimtion in the same cycle and do not lead to turbulent flow during the whole cycle. A further, unexpected result of the present investigation is the discovery of vortex patterns superimposed on the normal laminar acoustic motion.
A single cell multi-analysis system for electrophysiological studies (2004)

A micro analysis system for multi-purpose electrophysiological studies of single cells has been designed, fabricated, and characterized. The micro electrophysiological analysis system (/spl mu/-EPAS) contains multiple extracellular opposing electrode pairs that interface with a single cell inside an analysis cavity. These electrodes can be used for general single electrode extracellular stimulation/recording studies, dual electrode applications such as impedance spectroscopy, and for applications requiring a greater number of electrodes such as impedance tomography. Additionally, the analysis system contains a sealing/clamping mechanism and a backside extracellular reference electrode for patch clamping studies. The analysis cavities were designed in an array format for parallel analyses. Bovine chromaffin cells were used as a target to demonstrate and characterize the system. Using the integrated glass sealing ring, giga-seals were obtained on a population of chromaffin cells. The micro system generated maximum giga-seal resistances of 1.2G/spl Omega/ with non-sealed average cavity-to-backside resistances of 0.5M/spl Omega/. Furthermore, the cellular analysis system was demonstrated for electrical impedance spectroscopy on chromaffin cells over a range from 40.0 Hz to 1.0 MHz.
Crystal structure of the Glu328Gln mutant of<i>Neisseria polysaccharea</i>amylosucrase in complex with sucrose and maltoheptaose (2006)

Several enzymes acting on sucrose are found in glycoside hydrolase family 13 (the α–amylase family). They all transfer a glucosyl moiety from sucrose to an acceptor, but the products can be very different. The structure of a variant of one of these, the Glu328Gln mutant of Neisseria polysaccharea amylosucrase, has been determined in a ternary complex with sucrose and an oligosaccharide to 2.16 Å resolution using x-ray crystallography. Sucrose selectively binds in the active site and the oligosaccharide only binds at surface sites. When this structure is compared to structures of other enzymes acting on sucrose from glycoside hydrolase family 13, it is found that the active site residues are very similar around the glucose part of sucrose while much variation is seen around the fructose moiety.
Displacement of Substituents in Phenyl 2,4,6-Triisopropylphenyl Ketone by the Action of Grignard Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDisplacement of Substituents in Phenyl 2,4,6-Triisopropylphenyl Ketone by the Action of Grignard Reagents1Reynold C. Fuson and William S. FriedlanderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 21, 5410–5411Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01117a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01117a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 Prophage Lysins of <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> (2007)

Putative N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase genes from LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 prophages of Streptococcus agalactiae were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified enzymes lysed the cell walls of Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus aureus. The peptidoglycan digestion products in the cell wall lysates were not consistent with amidase activity. Instead, the structure of the muropeptide digestion fragments indicated that both the LambdaSa1 and LambdaSa2 lysins exhibited gamma-d-glutaminyl-l-lysine endopeptidase activity. The endopeptidase cleavage specificity of the lysins was confirmed using a synthetic peptide substrate corresponding to a portion of the stem peptide and cross bridge of Streptococcus agalactiae peptidoglycan. The LambdaSa2 lysin also displayed beta-d-N-acetylglucosaminidase activity.
Formal Descriptive Mechanism of the Ontology Language RDF (2008)

This work illustrates the architecture of semantic Web and data model of RDF, and elaborates on RDF's formal system, whose descriptive mechanism is demonstrated with two examples, including the formalization of relational calculus and logic inference. In the end, it concludes that RDF is a formal specification method, which is a binary relation.
Angiopoietins in tumours: the angiogenic switch (2004)

Abstract On first view, the literature pertaining to the expression of the angiopoietins in tumours is confusing and does not readily offer a consensus pattern. Apparently conflicting publications report increased, decreased or unchanged expression levels of both angiopoietin‐1 (Ang‐1) and angiopoietin‐2 (Ang‐2) in a wide range of tumours. However, closer scrutiny of the literature, taking into account relative increases or decreases of each factor, reveals a consensus pattern, seen in almost all instances of expression profiling of the angiopoietins in tumours. What becomes apparent is that although absolute levels of either angiopoietin may increase or decrease, the ratio of Ang‐1:Ang‐2 shifts in favour of Ang‐2. Given that Ang‐2 is a destabilization factor, rendering vasculature in a more plastic state amenable to sprouting (under the influence of vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF) or regression, this analysis suggests that tumours shift the angiogenic balance towards a pro‐angiogenic state through altering the balance between the angiopoietins. This in turn implicates Ang‐2 as a candidate for the angiogenic switch and also as an important potential therapeutic target. Copyright © 2004 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DESIGN AND BEHAVIOR OF SOIL-FABRIC-AGGREGATE SYSTEMS (1978)

The use of fabrics made of man-made fibers is having an increasing impact on the construction techniques used for and the technology of soil-aggregate systems. Certain fabrics, when placed between a soft subgrade soil and a layer of aggregate, will significantly improve the performance of the system. The fabrics are especially effective in improving the performance of those systems that have very soft subgrades and hence high deflections and a high tendency toward rutting. Although it can be demonstrated that fabrics can significantly improve the performance of soil-aggregate (S-A) systems that have soft subgrades, there are no reliable procedures availaibe to guide in the thickness design of these systems or in the selection of the appropriate fabric affects the behavior and performance of a soil-fabric-aggregate (S-F-A) system and describes the development of a design procedure for S-F-A systems that use MIRAFI-140 fabric. The four basic mechanisms by which fabrics affect the behavior and performance of S-F-A systems include (a) confinement and reinforcement of the aggregate layer, (b) confinement of the subgrade soil (c) separation of the soil and the aggregate layers, and (d) introduction of filter medium to facilitate drainage. Repeated plate-load tests on small- and large-scale S-A and S-F-A systems in a laboratory setting are described. The results of these tests are analyzed by using elementary theories and techniques, and a design procedure for S-F-A systems that use the MIRAFI-140 fabric is developed. An example of a typical design curve for S-A and and S-F-A systems is included.
Ethanol effect on batch and fed-batch<i>Arthrospira platensis</i>growth (2014)

The ability of Arthrospira platensis to use ethanol as a carbon and energy source was investigated by batch process and fed-batch process. A. platensis was cultivated under the effect of a single addition (batch process) and a daily pulse feeding (fed-batch process) of pure ethanol, at different concentrations, to evaluate cell concentration (X) and specific growth rate (μ). A marked increase was observed in the cell concentration of A. platensis in runs with ethanol addition when compared to control cultures without ethanol addition. The fed-batch process using an ethanol concentration of 38 mg L(-1) days(-1) reached the maximum cell concentration of 2,393 ± 241 mg L(-1), about 1.5-fold that obtained in the control culture. In all experiments, the maximum specific growth rate was observed in the early exponential phase of cell growth. In the fed-batch process, μ decreased more slowly than in the batch process and control culture, resulting in the highest final cell concentration. Ethanol can be used as a feasible carbon and energy source for A. platensis growth via a fed-batch process.
High-density lipoproteins for the systemic delivery of short interfering RNA (2013)

HDLs are natural nanoparticles that are critical to understanding the systemic delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids, like siRNA. Methods to synthesize biomimetic HDLs are being explored, and data demonstrate that this type of delivery vehicle may be highly beneficial for targeted and efficacious systemic delivery of siRNAs.
REBASE—a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes (2014)

REBASE is a comprehensive and fully curated database of information about the components of restriction-modification (RM) systems. It contains fully referenced information about recognition and cleavage sites for both restriction enzymes and methyltransferases as well as commercial availability, methylation sensitivity, crystal and sequence data. All genomes that are completely sequenced are analyzed for RM system components, and with the advent of PacBio sequencing, the recognition sequences of DNA methyltransferases (MTases) are appearing rapidly. Thus, Type I and Type III systems can now be characterized in terms of recognition specificity merely by DNA sequencing. The contents of REBASE may be browsed from the web http: //rebase.neb.com and selected compilations can be downloaded by FTP (ftp.neb.com). Monthly updates are also available via email.