gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Advances in the Diagnosis of Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection (1999)

With the advances in anticytomegalovirus (anti-CMV) serology, the new recombinant IgM tests seem likely to become the screening tests for pregnant women whose prepregnancy serological status for CMV is unknown. When a woman is found to be IgM-positive, further diagnostic evaluation focused on determining whether this is due to a primary infection should be carried out. Maternal primary infections that were difficult to determine until a few years ago unless documented by seroconversion can now be readily diagnosed from the presence of low-avidity anti-CMV antibody which persists for approximately 20 weeks after primary infection. In primarily infected mothers prenatal diagnosis can be performed between 21 and 23 weeks of gestation, and the amniotic fluid (AF) represents the pathological material of choice to determine intrauterine virus transmission. In AF, the virus can be detected by culture and/or PCR. Both procedures differentiate uninfected from infected fetuses, but cannot predict fetal outcome. The determination of the viral load in AF carried out by quantitative PCR is more promising and could represent an important starting point for preemptive fetal therapy.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells as immunosuppressive regulators and therapeutic targets in cancer (2021)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a heterogenic population of immature myeloid cells with immunosuppressive effects, which undergo massive expansion during tumor progression. These cells not only support immune escape directly but also promote tumor invasion via various non-immunological activities. Besides, this group of cells are proved to impair the efficiency of current antitumor strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Therefore, MDSCs are considered as potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy. Treatment strategies targeting MDSCs have shown promising outcomes in both preclinical studies and clinical trials when administrated alone, or in combination with other anticancer therapies. In this review, we shed new light on recent advances in the biological characteristics and immunosuppressive functions of MDSCs. We also hope to propose an overview of current MDSCs-targeting therapies so as to provide new ideas for cancer treatment.
Degradable Rosin-Ester–Caprolactone Graft Copolymers (2011)

We have carried out the synthesis of side-chain rosin-ester-structured poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) through a combination of ring-opening polymerization and click chemistry. Rosin structures are shown to be effectively incorporated into each repeat unit of caprolactone. This simple and versatile methodology does not require sophisticated purification of raw renewable biomass from nature. The rosin properties have been successfully imparted to the PCL polymers. The bulky hydrophenanthrene group of rosin increases the glass-transition temperature of PCL by >100 °C, whereas the hydrocarbon nature of rosin structures provides PCL excellent hydrophobicity with contact angle very similar to polystyrene and very low water uptake. The rosin-containing PCL graft copolymers exhibit full degradability and good biocompatibility. This study illustrates a general strategy to prepare a new class of renewable hydrocarbon-rich degradable biopolymers.
Glucose induces insulin gene transcription in a murine pancreatic beta-cell line (1991)

The ability of insulin secretagogues to stimulate insulin gene transcription was analyzed in the murine insulinoma cell line beta TC3, which had been derived from a transgenic mouse expressing SV40 T antigen under control of the rat insulin II gene regulatory region. Glucose induced a 3-fold increase in the transcription of both the endogenous mouse insulin genes and the transgene. This effect was inhibited by D600, a calcium channel blocker, which also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion in these cells. This suggests that similar signals may be involved in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and insulin gene transcription. Agents that increase intracellular levels of cAMP did not have a significant effect on the transcription of either the insulin genes or the transgene. Stimulation of transcription of the RIP-Tag transgene by glucose suggests that the 695-base pair fragment of the insulin gene regulatory region that is included in the transgene contains the cis elements required for response to the glucose-induced signal.
Going underground (1988)

Audrey Hind explains to Bronwen Jones how nursing for British Coal gives her wider scope than general hospital work
On the Nature of Cyclic Dispersion in Spark Assisted HCCI Combustion (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">We report experimental observations of cyclic combustion variability during the transition between propagating flame combustion and homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) in a single-cylinder, stoichiometrically fueled, spark-assisted gasoline engine. The level of internal EGR was controlled with variable valve actuation (VVA), and HCCI combustion was achieved at high levels of internal EGR using the VVA system. Spark-ignition was used for conventional combustion and was optionally available during HCCI. The transition region between purely propagating combustion and HCCI was mapped at multiple engine speeds and loads by incrementally adjusting the internal EGR level and capturing data for 2800 sequential cycles. These measurements revealed a complex sequence of high COV, cyclic combustion variations when operating between the propagating flame and HCCI limits. We were able to experimentally demonstrate an increase in the zone of acceptable HCCI-like combustion by using the spark assist. A detailed analysis of the cyclic variations in the intermediate zone indicates that they are dominated by nonlinear, nonrandom processes. Comparisons with previous studies of lean-limit cyclic variations suggest that nonlinear EGR feedback is probably the major source of the observed variations for this engine. The predictable nature of this feedback suggests the possibility of developing on-line diagnostics and proactive control algorithms for expanding stable HCCI operation and improving transitions between conventional and HCCI modes.</div>
Charge comparison protection of transmission lines-communications concepts (1992)

The authors present the basic concepts of a digital approach to the communications requirements of a new transmission line protection scheme. Charge comparison is a new transmission line protection system. It compares local and remote quantities of charge, using a bidirectional communications channel. Charge comparison is a form of current differential relaying. Traditional current differential relaying schemes have three critical communications-related problems: protection is lost if the channel fails, a large channel capacity is required, and precise channel delay compensation is required. In large measure, charge comparison overcomes these three communications-related problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Value of Certain Steroidal Sapogenins in Rations of Fattening Lambs and Cattle (1961)

1. Smilagenin fed to lambs at levels of 2, 4, 8 and 24 g per ton of complete feed improved growth rate and feed efficiency. The most consistent results were obtained with 8 g per ton, or approximately 12 mg per lamb per day. Dressing per cent and carcass grade tended to be improved by addition of smilagenin. Ground Agave lecheguilla containing smilagenin in the saponin form appeared to be quantitatively similar to the free sapogenin; however higher levels of the isolated saponin depressed performance. Sarsasapogenin or hecogenin at 8 g per ton in separate tests exerted a growth effect comparable to that from smilagenin. Diosgenin and tigogenin were not beneficial under conditions tested. 2. In 2 trials, steers fed 20 mg of smilagenin daily showed weight gains similar to those of animals receiving 10 mg stilbestrol daily. In one trial, 100 mg of smilagenin was not as effective as 20 mg.
Structure Changes in the Molten Oxide System: Lead Oxide-Germanium Dioxide (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure Changes in the Molten Oxide System: Lead Oxide-Germanium DioxideE. F. RieblingCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1964, 3, 7, 958–962Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50017a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50017a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Active Centres of Agelastatin A, a Strongly Cytotoxic Alkaloid of the Coral Sea Axinellid Sponge <i>Agelas dendromorpha</i>, as Determined by Comparative Bioassays with Semisynthetic Derivatives (1996)

Abstract Agelastatin A ( 1 ), an unusual alkaloid of the axinellid sponge Agelas dendromorpha from the Coral Sea, can be selectively acetylated (→ 7 ) or methylated at OHC(8a) (→ 4 ), peracetylated (→ 8 ) or permethylated at OHC(8a), NH(5), and NH(6) (→ 5 ), or, finally, subjected to C(9)C(8a) (→ 14 ) or C(5b)C(8a) β‐elimination (→ 11–13 ), in a regiospecific manner or not, depending on the reaction conditions. Under acidic conditions, compound 12 adds H 2 O or MeOH, regioselectively though not endo/exo stereoselectively, giving transoid/cisoid mixtures 1/18 or 4/19 , respectively. Similarly 11 or 13 add MeOH to give mixtures (−)‐ 2/20 or 15/16 , respectively. Compound 13 also adds AcOH giving mixture 8/17 . The intermediate cisoid form obtained on treatment of 21 with H 3 O + undergoes N(5)N(6) bridging affording pentacyclic 22 which constitutes a proof for the cisoid configuration. From conformational studies, rules are devised that allow assigning the configuration of these compounds from NMR data. In vitro comparative cytotoxicity assays of these compounds show that for high cytotoxic activity, such as of 1 in vivo , unsubstituted OHC(8a), HN(5), HN(6) moieties are needed in the natural B/D transoid configuration.
L-carnitine levels in the seminal plasma of fertile and infertile men: correlation with sperm quality. (2001)

These findings suggest that determination of seminal carnitine values might provide the physician with an additional means of evaluating the infertile male.
Factors Affecting The Use Of Gravel In Oil Wells (1941)

Neurofibrillary degeneration appears to be required for the clinical expression of Alzheimer disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Given the polyetiology of these diseases and the pivotal involvement of neurofibrillary degeneration in their pathogenesis, inhibition of this lesion offers a promising therapeutic target. Studies from our laboratories have shown that there is a protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation imbalance and that the microtubule associated protein tau is abnormally hyperphosphorylated in the brain of patients with AD and in this form it is the major protein subunit of paired helical filaments/neurofibrillary tangles (PHF/NFT). The abnormal tau which is polymerized into PHF/NFT neither promotes or inhibits in vitro microtubule assembly. In contrast the cytosolic abnormally hyperphosphorylated tau from AD brain, the AD P-tau neither associates with tubulin nor promotes in vitro microtubule assembly but instead it sequesters normal tau, MAP1 and MAP2 and inhibits microtubule assembly. The AD P-tau readily self-assembles in vitro into tangles of PHF/straight filaments under physiological conditions of protein concentration, pH, ionic strength and reducing conditions and this self assembly requires the abnormal hyperphosphorylation of this protein. The activity of phosphoseryl/phosphothreonyl protein phosphatase (PP)-2A which regulates the phosphorylation of tau, is compromised in AD brain. Thus, modulation of the activities of protein phosphatase-2A and tau kinases and inhibition of the sequestration of normal MAPs by AD P-tau offer promising therapeutic opportunities to inhibit neurofibrillary degeneration and the diseases characterized by this lesion.
An integrated approach to microalgae biomass generation and processing (2016)

Liquid combustible fossil fuel empowers global society, yet is a non-renewable\nentity with time-constrained limits to supply. Advanced generation biofuel derived\nfrom microalgae could feasibly yield more than conventional biofuel crops, utilise\nnon-agricultural land or the sea and remediate atmospheric carbon dioxide and\nanthropogenic waste. However, technical and economical limits have so far\nprevented the successful implementation of microalgae biofuels.\nThis thesis exemplifies how apparently disconnected technologies are able to\nbecome united in their provision for the growth and processing of microalgae. In\nso doing, it employs unique experimental methodology which unites inter-\ndisciplinary themes with the proposition to cultivate and process microalgae\nbiomass in a manner which has never been done before. The novelty of this\nendeavour presents a unique set of challenges, reasoning and results with\nimplications for future creative research and investigation. The philosophical\napproach to conception and achievement of the laboratory work intercedes with\nentirely new methodology. Selected examples of such methodology follow. In\nchapter 3, a newly developed bio-composite gel disk was processed aligning a\nnew design of apparatus for a geotextile puncture resistance test. In chapter 3, a\nnovel formulation for harvesting microalgae is described. In chapter 5, a modified\nmethodology of the preceding chapter is used to investigate seawater ion\nremediation via ionic and density phase separation. Chapter 6 integrates waste\ncomponents from 5 different industries, namely dairy farming, anaerobic\ndigestion, brewing, steel slag aggregates and coal power combustion with no\npreviously known unification of such technologies in scientific literature. Chapter\n7 assesses the lipid quality of biomass harvested by the novel formulation of\nchapter 3, before and after exposure to hydrothermal liquefaction. Chapter 8\nextrapolates findings from the thesis to define an economic appraisal and suggest\na cost saving process.
Deep Scatter Estimation (DSE): Accurate Real-Time Scatter Estimation for X-Ray CT Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

X-ray scatter is a major cause of image quality degradation in dimensional CT. Especially, in case of highly attenuating components scatter-to-primary ratios may easily be higher than 1. The corresponding artifacts which appear as cupping or dark streaks in the CT reconstruction may impair a metrological assessment. Therefore, an appropriate scatter correction is crucial. Thereby, the gold standard is to predict the scatter distribution using a Monte Carlo (MC) code and subtract the corresponding scatter estimate from the measured raw data. MC, however, is too slow to be used routinely. To correct for scatter in real-time, we developed the deep scatter estimation (DSE). It uses a deep convolutional neural network which is trained to reproduce the output of MC simulations using only the acquired projection data as input. Once trained, DSE can be applied in real-time. The present study demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach using simulations and measurements. In both cases the DSE yields highly accurate scatter estimates that differ by< 3% from our MC scatter predictions. Further, DSE clearly outperforms kernel-based scatter estimation techniques and hybrid approaches, as they are in use today.
Study on the Construction Method of Plant RNAi Expression Vector (2009)

Using the method of combing the restriction enzyme-connection with traditional restriction enzyme on the basis of connection,homologous recombination,PCR technology and so on,this paper summarized the lastest construction method of plant RNAi expression vector method in recently years.
Index phase output characteristics of magnetic rotary encoder using a magneto-resistive element (1997)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a magnetic rotary encoder with a resolution more than 4000 pulses per revolution in a magnetic drum with a diameter of 35 mm. The required resolution is more than 2000 pulses per revolution. As the resolution increases, ever greater accuracy is needed in the index phase to detect the original position of the encoder. To stabilize the index pulse, the authors took into account the width of the magneto-resistive element and the magnetization current wave form. As a result, the index pulse has been extremely steady in the magneto-resistive element with a width of 20 /spl mu/m. It is pointed out that a pulse width of less than 6.9 /spl mu/m is necessary for 4000 pulses per revolution. Moreover, the usable detection gap could be expanded by magnetizing the drum in a wave form in which both sides of a rectangular wave curved inward.
Plastic‐to‐Brittle Transition of Saturated, Alumina Powder Compacts (1996)

Alumina slurries, in which different particle pair potentials were produced by adjusting ρH and salt concentration, were used to form cylindrical, consolidated bodies by pressure filtration, at applied pressures between 0.25 and 100 MPa. The mechanical properties of these bodies were investigated by uniaxial compressive loading at a specific rate. Saturated bodies formed from flocced slurries (ρH 9) were plastic at low relative densities (<0.54, formed at filtration pressures < 40 MPa) but were brittle (fractured prior to flow) at higher relative densities. Bodies formed from the dispersed slurries (ρH 4) were always brittle. When initially stressed, plastic bodies consolidated from the coagulated slurries (ρH 4, 5, and 6 with additions of NH 4 C1) produced a stress‐strain behavior characterized by a peak stress, followed by a much lower flow stress. The peak stress reduced to the flow stress upon several reloading cycles. The peak stress observed during the initial loading rapidly increased with consolidation pressure. These bodies exhibited a transition from plastic to brittle behavior at large consolidation pressures (∼65 MPa), with little change in relative density. It was reasoned that the plastic‐to‐brittle transition occurred for bodies formed from coagulated slurries when a sufficient fraction of the particles were pushed into their primary minimum to form a touching particle network. The reduction of the peak stress to the flow stress was reasoned to occur once the touching network was broken apart to reestablish the weakly attractive, but nontouching, network that existed in the slurry state. This can only occur when the fraction of particles in the touching network is less than that necessary for fracture. It was also noted that the flow stress for certain bodies formed from the coagulated slurry had a nearly identical flow stress as measured for a commercial, throwing clay.
Uptake of Topically Applied 5‐Aminolevulinic Acid and Production of Protoporphyrin IX in Normal Mouse Skin: Dependence on Skin Temperature (1999)

The temperature dependence of the uptake phase of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) and the following production phase of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in normal mouse skin was investigated. A cream containing 20% ALA was topically applied on the skin for 10 min. The amount of ALA-induced PpIX was evaluated by measuring the fluorescence of PpIX from the treated skin. No measurable amount of PpIX was found in the skin immediately after 10 min application of ALA. The penetration of ALA into the skin was almost temperature independent while the following production of PpIX was found to be a strongly temperature-dependent process. Practically no PpIX was formed in the skin as long as skin temperature was kept low (12 degrees C).
Solving time-dependent planning problems (1989)

We are interested in constructing solutions to time-dependent planning problems: problems in which time spent planning affects the utility of the system''s performance. In a previous paper, we define a fraomework for constructing solutions to time-dependent planning problems called expectation-driven iterative refinement. In this paper, we analyze and solve a moderately complex time-dependent planning problem involving path planning for a mobile robot, as a way of exploring a methodology for applying expectation-driven iterative refinement.
Program For Finding Out Number Of Smarandache Distinct Reciprocal Partition Of Unity Of A Given Length (1997)

Smarandache Distinct Reciprocal partition of unity for a given length 'n' is defined as the number of ways in which unity can be expressed as the sum of the reciprocals of 'n' distinct numbers. In this note a program in 'C' is given.
Current Therapy of Multiple Myeloma. (2002)

Not all patients who fulfill the minimal criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma should be treated. If a patient is younger than 70 years, autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation should be seriously considered. Major challenges for stem cell transplantation are: 1) the inability to eradicate multiple myeloma from the patient, and 2) removal of myeloma cells and their precursors from the reinfused stem cells. Allogeneic transplantation cannot be recommended at present because of the excessive mortality. Nonmyeloablative approaches are promising. There is no evidence that combinations of alkylating agents are superior to melphalan and prednisone. The use of thalidomide and intermittently administered prednisone for maintenance is being explored. New agents include the immunomodulatory drugs, inhibitors of the ubiquitin proteasone pathway such as PS-341, antiangiogenesis drugs including 2-methoxy-estradiol, and farnesyl transferase inhibitors. Management of skeletal complications, hypercalcemia, anemia, infection, spinal cord compression, and renal insufficiency is discussed.
A cross-layer design to improve quality of service in online multiplayer wireless gaming networks (2005)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive forward error correction (FEC) and rate control technique to improve service quality in a wireless gaming environment. In particular, we concentrate on a centralized server gaming architecture (our results can be extended to peer-to-peer architectures as well), where wireless users can also connect to the gaming service. Our models are well-suited for last-hop wireless link users, but can also guarantee service improvement for other wireless scenarios through small modifications. It is assumed that the game server and clients (mobile devices) can switch between different prediction levels having different data rates. We introduce a new scheme for estimating the packet loss rates due to congestion and wireless channel conditions and use this information in a cross-layer design to improve the overall service quality. The congestion packet loss probability is used to devise a simple TCP-friendly rate control algorithm for sending downlink data packets from the game server. We also propose a novel adaptive FEC and dynamic packetization algorithm to alleviate the effects of wireless channel packet losses based on this chosen data rate. The simulation results show the efficacy of our scheme in achieving higher throughput.