gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Water Molecule Concentration Distribution and Transport Coefficient in Solid Polymer Electrolyte Membrane by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. (2002)

The performance of electrochemical cells, such as fuel cells, which use solid polymer membranes as electrolytes, is strongly dependent on the water molecule concentration in the membrane. Hence, it is important to understand the transport mechanism and concentration distribution of water molecules in the solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) membrane. In this study, the concentration distribution of water molecules and its time evolution in the SPE membrane were measured by magnetic resonance imaging with 100μm space and 15s time resolutions. In the experiment in which the moistened membrane was taken to be the initial state. the diffusion coefficient of water molecules in the SPE membrane was entimated to be 0.8× 10-10 m2/s. In the experiment in which the dried membrane was taken to be the initial state, the fast transport of water molecules, which seems to be caused by the advection effect, was observed, and its equivalent diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 5×10-10 m2/s.
Shishijimicins A−C, Novel Enediyne Antitumor Antibiotics from the Ascidian <i>Didemnum proliferum</i> (2003)

Three new compounds of the enediyne antibiotics, shishijimicins A-C (1-3), have been isolated from the ascidian Didemnum proliferum. They encompass a novel sugar component, which is a conjugation product of a hexose and a beta-carboline, attached to the calicheamicinone aglycone. Their structures have been determined by interpretation of spectral data. Shishijimicins showed extremely potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells with IC(50) values of 1.8-6.9 pM.
Characteristic Pressure Pulses Recorded with an Esophageal Balloon in Experimental Mitral Insufficiency in Dogs. (1951)

Pulsations in the esophagus at the level of the left atrium and pressure pulses within the left atrium were simultaneously recorded in normal dogs and in the same animals following the production of mitral insufficiency.
Improved cellular and humoral immune responses in vivo following targeting of HIV Gag to dendritic cells within human anti–human DEC205 monoclonal antibody (2010)

Protein vaccines for T-cell immunity are not being prioritized because of poor immunogenicity. To overcome this hurdle, proteins are being targeted to maturing dendritic cells (DCs) within monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to DC receptors. To extend the concept to humans, we immunized human immunoglobulin-expressing mice with human DEC205 (hDEC205) extracellular domain. 3D6 and 3G9 mAbs were selected for high-affinity binding to hDEC205. In addition, CD11c promoter hDEC205 transgenic mice were generated, and 3G9 was selectively targeted to DCs in these animals. When mAb heavy chain was engineered to express HIV Gag p24, the fusion mAb induced interferon-γ- and interleukin-2-producing CD4(+) T cells in hDEC205 transgenic mice, if polynocinic polycytidylic acid was coadministered as an adjuvant. The T-cell response was broad, recognizing at least 3 Gag peptides, and high titers of anti-human immunoglobulin G antibody were made. Anti-hDEC205 also improved the cross-presentation of Gag to primed CD8(+) T cells from HIV-infected individuals. In all tests, 3D6 and 3G9 targeting greatly enhanced immunization relative to nonbinding control mAb. These results provide preclinical evidence that in vivo hDEC205 targeting increases the efficiency with which proteins elicit specific immunity, setting the stage for proof-of-concept studies of these new protein vaccines in human subjects.
Decline of the Carrisa Plains PV power plant: the impact of concentrating sunlight on flat plates (2002)

The Carrisa Plains photovoltaic (PV) power plant located in central California has steadily degraded in performance since 1986 at a rate of approximately 10% per year. Originally rated at 5.2 MW, the plant routinely produced less than 3 MW as of 1990. The plant is composed of two-axis trackers with single-crystalline flat plate modules, and over 90% of the trackers have V-trough mirrors to concentrate sunlight. This low-concentration design has caused an accelerated browning of the modules and is the cause of the plant's decline. Electrical testing was performed to investigate the ramifications of module browning. The results indicate that ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) browning is an important concern for the PV industry and that low-concentration designs should not be used for one-sun flat plate modules until the issue has been resolved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Screening for major depressive disorder in the community: A comparison of measures. (1994)

Self-administered questionnaires are frequently used as case-finding instruments in community studies of depression. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CESD) is one of the most commonly used questionnaires, though several studies have found poor concordance between CESD- and interview-based diagnoses. The authors made the CESD more closely correspond to the DSM-III criteria for major depression by adding 11 items to the original 20, and this enabled them to apply DSM-III's diagnostic algorithm to the CESD items to identify cases of depression. As part of a family study, they interviewed relatives of psychiatric patients and normal controls with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) and gave them the CESD and Inventory to Diagnose Depression (IDD) to complete on their own
Nootropic Drugs Positively Modulate α‐Amino‐3‐Hydroxy‐5‐Methyl‐4‐Isoxazolepropionic Acid‐Sensitive Glutamate Receptors in Neuronal Cultures (1992)

Micromolar concentrations of piracetam, aniracetam, and oxiracetam enhanced alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-stimulated 45Ca2+ influx in primary cultures of cerebellar granule cells. Nootropic drugs increased the efficacy but not the potency of AMPA and their action persisted in the presence of the voltage-sensitive calcium channel blocker nifedipine. Potentiation by oxiracetam was specific for AMPA receptor-mediated signal transduction, as the drug changed neither the stimulation of 45Ca2+ influx by kainate or N-methyl-D-aspartate nor the activation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis elicited by quisqualate or (+-)-1-aminocyclopentane-trans-1,3-dicarboxylic acid. Piracetam, aniracetam, and oxiracetam increased the maximal density of the specific binding sites for [3H]AMPA in synaptic membranes from rat cerebral cortex. Taken collectively, these results support the view that nootropic drugs act as positive modulators of AMPA-sensitive glutamate receptors in neurons.
Cyclooxygenase products formed by primary cultures of cells from human chorion laeve: influence of steroids (1988)

Cells were isolated from human chorion laeve obtained at term (38-40 weeks gestation) by elective caesarean section and were maintained in primary culture for 1 week in defined media supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. The production of various cyclooxygenase products by the cultures was examined. Little or no prostaglandin (PG) F2 alpha, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, thromboxane B2, or 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2 alpha was found. In contrast, the cells produced PGE2 which was low on day 0, increased during culture to a maximum on day 1 or 2, then declined to low levels. When cells were grown in the presence of media containing cortisol, dexamethasone, progesterone, and estradiol (at 10(-7) or 10(-9) M), the glucocorticoids (at 10(-7) and 10(-9) M), but not estrogen or progesterone, markedly inhibited the increase in PGE2 output. There was no difference in the protein content and thymidine incorporation of cells grown in the presence of glucocorticoids when compared with controls. This inhibitory effect was not sensitive to cycloheximide (1 microgram/mL) indicating protein synthesis may not be involved in the process. These studies indicate that PGE2 is the major prostaglandin formed by primary cultures of chorion laeve and that prostaglandin metabolism in the chorion is sensitive to glucocorticoid inhibition.
The second messenger bis‐(3′‐5′)‐cyclic‐GMP and its PilZ domain‐containing receptor Alg44 are required for alginate biosynthesis in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2007)

The ubiquitous bacterial second messenger c-di-GMP regulates the expression of various virulence determinants in a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Several studies have suggested that proteins with a PilZ domain function as c-di-GMP receptors. We have identified in the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome eight genes encoding for PilZ orhologues and demonstrated binding of c-di-GMP to all but one of these proteins in a direct ligand binding assay. One protein with the PilZ domain, Alg44, is involved in biosynthesis of the extracellular polysaccharide alginate. We have shown that increasing c-di-GMP levels by overexpression of highly active diguanylate cyclases, or hydrolysis of c-di-GMP by phosphodiesterases, enhanced or reduced formation of alginate in mucoid strains, respectively. We have engineered substitutions in several conserved residues of the PilZ domain of Alg44 determined that they resulted in simultaneous loss of c-di-GMP binding and the ability to support production of alginate in P. aeruginosa. A 6xHis-tagged Alg44 fusion was also shown to localize in the membrane fraction of P. aeruginosa independently from its ability to bind c-di-GMP. Alg44 appears to be an essential component of the alginate biosynthetic apparatus, where, following binding of c-di-GMP, it controls polymerization or transport of the polysaccharide.
Application of Heated-Film Velocity and Shear Probes to Hemodynamic Studies (1968)

A constant-temperature heated-film anemometer system has been adapted for the detailed study of in-vivo aortic velocity fields. Two types of sensing probes were developed: a velocity probe and a velocity-gradient or fluid shear stress probe. These probes were evaluated for steady and pulsatile flow in rigid circular tubes using both a glycerin-water mixture and blood. Measurements using both devices agreed closely with the values predicted by well established theory. Moreover, the integrated velocity profiles that were measured correlated well with the simultaneously recorded flow values using orifice meter and electromagnetic flowmeter techniques. In-vivo studies were made along the thoracic aortas of anesthetized dogs and pigs. Velocity measurements along the aorta indicated that the velocity profiles are blunt. The flow-pulse forms obtained by the heated-film technique in vivo were also similar in magnitude and contour to those obtained simultaneously from an electromagnetic flowmeter. Fully developed turbulent flow was not observed; however, occasional "eddy" turbulence occurred in the aortic arch of dogs weighing less than 30 kg. Preliminary measurements indicate that peak wall-shear stresses reach values that are approximately one-third that of the endothelial yield stress.
Shingled Recording for 2–3 Tbit/in$^2$ (2009)

Head and media designs for shingled recording are described, targeting areal recording densities of 2-3 Tbit/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The potential of the designs was evaluated using micromagnetic simulations. The possibility of achieving multiple Tbit/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is demonstrated using a continuous, perpendicular recording medium. The effects of write head skew, inter-granular exchange coupling and read head offset are discussed.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Microstructure of Ethylene Copolymers. IV. Conformational Transitions of Ethylene-Vinyl Formate Copolymers in Solution. (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies on Microstructure of Ethylene Copolymers. IV. Conformational Transitions of Ethylene-Vinyl Formate Copolymers in Solution.Ting WuCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 5, 610–613Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online24 December 2003Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60017a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60017a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protocol for Carrying Authentication for Network Access (PANA) (2008)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Analysis of driver behavior based on traffic incidents for driver monitor systems (2008)

Research is being conducted into a large number of on-board driver monitor systems as a means of reducing traffic accidents. In order to improve the effectiveness of these systems, it is necessary to detect the driver behavior and mental and physical state immediately before an accident, and to inform or warn the driver of the danger, or else to send an intervention signal to the pre-crash safety system and other advanced vehicle safety systems. Previous research has been conducted for conditions of apparent risk, and has used drive recorders to analyze the causes of accidents and to investigate and analyze driver behavior and other factors which are present immediately before an accident. This study involved an investigation of near-miss accidents (hereafter referred to as ldquoincidentsrdquo) by means of interviews in order to determine the driver behavior and mental and physical state immediately before the incident, when there was the potential risk of an accident. The purpose of this study is to contribute to research concerning advanced vehicle safety systems. We will here provide an analysis of the results and propose direction for future research concerning driver monitor systems.
Cellular Immune Responses and Viral Diversity in Individuals Treated during Acute and Early HIV-1 Infection (2001)

Immune responses induced during the early stages of chronic viral infections are thought to influence disease outcome. Using HIV as a model, we examined virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), T helper cells, and viral genetic diversity in relation to duration of infection and subsequent response to antiviral therapy. Individuals with acute HIV-1 infection treated before seroconversion had weaker CTL responses directed at fewer epitopes than persons who were treated after seroconversion. However, treatment-induced control of viremia was associated with the development of strong T helper cell responses in both groups. After 1 yr of antiviral treatment initiated in acute or early infection, all epitope-specific CTL responses persisted despite undetectable viral loads. The breadth and magnitude of CTL responses remained significantly less in treated acute infection than in treated chronic infection, but viral diversity was also significantly less with immediate therapy. We conclude that early treatment of acute HIV infection leads to a more narrowly directed CTL response, stronger T helper cell responses, and a less diverse virus population. Given the need for T helper cells to maintain effective CTL responses and the ability of virus diversification to accommodate immune escape, we hypothesize that early therapy of primary infection may be beneficial despite induction of less robust CTL responses. These data also provide rationale for therapeutic immunization aimed at broadening CTL responses in treated primary HIV infection.
The Inhibition of Phosphatidylglycerol Synthesis in Escherichia coli by 3,4-Dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate (1974)

Abstract The effect of 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate on phosphoglyceride metabolism of Escherichia coli strain 8 was examined. The compound inhibits the incorporation of [33P]phosphate into phospholipids. Phosphatidylglycerol accumulation is very strongly inhibited, while phosphatidylethanolamine and cardiolipin accumulation are less significantly affected. Pulse labeling studies using [32P]phosphate indicate that phospholipid synthesis is inhibited to a much greater extent by 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate than is the synthesis of DNA or RNA. These studies also indicate that 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate severely inhibits phosphatidylglycerol synthesis and that phosphatidylethanolamine synthesis is inhibited less severely. Cardiolipin synthesis is only slightly affected. Studies on the rate of disappearance of [32P]phosphate from the phosphoglycerides of prelabeled cells indicate that 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate treatment does not alter the rate of turnover of the phospholipids. 3,4-Dihydroxy[3-3H]butyl-1-phosphonate was readily incorporated into a chloroform-extractable fraction of E. coli strain 8.
Octahedral ruthenium complexes selectively stabilize G-quadruplexes (2016)

A series of octahedral Ru(ii) complexes with an x-y planar tetradentate and two trans-z-axis ammonia ligands were synthesized. High stabilization of G-quadruplexes was achieved upon π-stacking with aromatic planar ligands. Unique interaction from z-axis ligands bestowed both excellent binding resistance to duplex DNA and selectivity towards the antiparallel topology.
Restricted Sessions (2000)

In a handsomely carpeted room, less spacious than those used for plenary sessions, but still the size of a small house, nine separate tables had been arranged to form a hollow square. At each table sat a delegate, flanked by his principal adviser and his interpreter. Two or three more advisers occupied chairs behind. Along the wall under the windows was a comfortable bench well upholstered in the kind of pale, gleaming, café au lait leather to be found in a Rolls-Royce. There several delegations had installed a junior diplomat to take notes, for the Secretariat of theUnited Nations were excluded from restricted sessions and each delegation had to make its own record and provide its own interpreter.
Comparative Dimerization of 1‐Butene with a Variety of Metal Catalysts, and the Investigation of a New Catalyst for CH Bond Activation (2004)

Catalytic dimerization of 1-butene by a variety of catalysts is carried out, and the products are analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Catalysts based on cobalt and iron can produce highly linear dimers, with the cobalt-based dimers exceeding 97 % linearity. Catalysts based on vanadium and aluminum prefer to make branched dimers, which are most often methyl-heptenes in the case of vanadium and almost exclusively 2-ethyl-1-butene in the case of aluminum. The vanadium catalyst also produces substantial amounts of dienes and alkanes, suggesting a competing hydrogenation/dehydrogenation pathway that appears to involve vinyl Cbond;H bond activation. Nickel catalysts are generally less selective than those based on iron or cobalt for making linear dimers, but they can make dimers with 60 % linearity. The major by-products for the nickel systems are trisubstituted internal olefins. An important side reaction that must be considered for dimerization reactions is 1-butene isomerization to 2-butene, which makes recycling the butene difficult for a linear dimerization process. Aluminum, iron, and vanadium systems promote very little isomerization, but nickel and cobalt systems tend to isomerize the undimerized substrate heavily.
Sketch-Based Posing of 3D Faces for Facial Animation (2010)

This paper presents a novel approach to creating 3D facial animation using a sketch-based interface where the animation is generated by interpolating a sequence of sketched key poses. The user does not need any knowledge of the underlying mechanism used to create different expressions or facial poses, and no animation controls or parameters are directly manipulated. Instead, the user sketches the desired shape of a facial feature and the system reconstructs a 3D feature which fits the sketched stroke. This is achieved using a maximum likelihood framework where a statistical model in conjunction with Hidden Markov Models handles sketch detection, and a hierarchical statistical mapping approach reconstructs a posed 3D mesh from a low-dimensional representation.
Ataxia telangiectasia-mutated phosphorylates Chk2 <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> (2000)

The protein kinase Chk2, the mammalian homolog of the budding yeast Rad53 and fission yeast Cds1 checkpoint kinases, is phosphorylated and activated in response to DNA damage by ionizing radiation (IR), UV irradiation, and replication blocks by hydroxyurea (HU). Phosphorylation and activation of Chk2 are ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) dependent in response to IR, whereas Chk2 phosphorylation is ATM-independent when cells are exposed to UV or HU. Here we show that in vitro, ATM phosphorylates the Ser-Gln/Thr-Gln (SQ/TQ) cluster domain (SCD) on Chk2, which contains seven SQ/TQ motifs, and Thr68 is the major in vitro phosphorylation site by ATM. ATM- and Rad3-related also phosphorylates Thr68 in addition to Thr26 and Ser50, which are not phosphorylated to a significant extent by ATM in vitro. In vivo, Thr68 is phosphorylated in an ATM-dependent manner in response to IR, but not in response to UV or HU. Substitution of Thr68 with Ala reduced the extent of phosphorylation and activation of Chk2 in response to IR, and mutation of all seven SQ/TQ motifs blocked all phosphorylation and activation of Chk2 after IR. These results suggest that in vivo, Chk2 is directly phosphorylated by ATM in response to IR and that Chk2 is regulated by phosphorylation of the SCD.
High wavevector optical phonons in microstructured Bismuth films (2010)

We report the generation of high wavevector, large amplitude coherent optical phonons in a microstructured Bismuth film. A femtosecond laser pulse optically excites a periodic micron scale grating etched into a Bismuth film. The ultrafast excitation produced coherent optical phonon oscillations with wavevectors as large as 1 microm(-1), providing a possible method of generating an efficient sub-picosecond switch for hard x-rays.
Heuristics-Based Strategies for Resolving Context Inconsistencies in Pervasive Computing Applications (2008)

Context-awareness allows pervasive applications to adapt to changeable computing environments. Contexts, the pieces of information that capture the characteristics of environments, are often error-prone and inconsistent due to noises. Various strategies have been proposed to enable automatic context inconsistency resolution. They are formulated on different assumptions that may not hold in practice. This causes applications to be less context-aware to different extents. In this paper, we investigate such impacts and propose our new resolution strategy. We conducted experiments to compare our work with major existing strategies. The results showed that our strategy is both effective in resolving context inconsistencies and promising in its support of applications using contexts.