gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P-Wave Morphology Assessment by a Gaussian Functions-Based Model in Atrial Fibrillation Patients (2007)

Aim of this study was to present a P-wave model, based on a linear combination of Gaussian functions, to quantify morphological aspects of P-wave in patients prone to atrial fibrillation (AF). Five-minute ECG recordings were performed in 25 patients with permanent dual chamber pacemakers. Patients were divided into high-risk and low-risk groups, including patients with and without AF episodes in the last 6 mo preceding the study, respectively. ECG signals were acquired using a 32-lead mapping system for high-resolution biopotential measurement (ActiveTwo, Biosemi, The Netherlands, sample frequency 2 kHz, 24-bit resolution). Up to 8 Gaussian models have been computed for each averaged P-wave extracted from every lead. The P-wave morphology was evaluated by extracting seven parameters. Classical time-domain parameters, based on P-wave duration estimation, have been also estimated. We found that the P-wave morphology can be effectively modeled by a linear combination of Gaussian functions. In addition, the combination of time-domain and morphological parameters extracted from the Gaussian function-based model of the P-wave improves the identification of patients having different risks of developing AF.
Structural Analysis of Highly Relaxed GaSb Grown on GaAs Substrates with Periodic Interfacial Array of 90° Misfit Dislocations (2009)

We report structural analysis of completely relaxed GaSb epitaxial layers deposited monolithically on GaAs substrates using interfacial misfit (IMF) array growth mode. Unlike the traditional tetragonal distortion approach, strain due to the lattice mismatch is spontaneously relieved at the heterointerface in this growth. The complete and instantaneous strain relief at the GaSb/GaAs interface is achieved by the formation of a two-dimensional Lomer dislocation network comprising of pure-edge (90°) dislocations along both [110] and [1-10]. In the present analysis, structural properties of GaSb deposited using both IMF and non-IMF growths are compared. Moiré fringe patterns along with X-ray diffraction measure the long-range uniformity and strain relaxation of the IMF samples. The proof for the existence of the IMF array and low threading dislocation density is provided with the help of transmission electron micrographs for the GaSb epitaxial layer. Our results indicate that the IMF-grown GaSb is completely (98.5%) relaxed with very low density of threading dislocations (105 cm-2), while GaSb deposited using non-IMF growth is compressively strained and has a higher average density of threading dislocations (>109 cm-2).
<title>Preliminary measurements and assessment of strength and fracture toughness in free-standing CVD diamond for high-speed missile domes</title> (1992)

While the optical and thermal properties of CVD diamond have been previously addressed, its mechanical properties have received little attention. A preliminary study of strength and fracture toughness in free-standing DC arc-discharge CVD diamond is reported in this paper. The materials studied is characterized by near-randomly oriented grains ranging in size from 3 to 30 microns. Disks ranging from 40 to 800 microns in thickness and from 7 to 16 mm in diameter were tested for flexure strength using a ball-on-ring apparatus. Both polished and unpolished disks were studied resulting in strength values averaging over 100,000 psi. Fracture surface analysis showed that the fracture occurred transgranularly as is generally observed for other brittle polycrystalline materials. The fracture toughness value of 6.5 +/- 1.2 MPa-m<SUP>1/2</SUP> determined by the analysis is enhanced over the previously measured single crystal value of 3.4 MPa-m<SUP>1/2</SUP> reflecting the increased area of the rough fracture surface. The indentation toughness was shown to have a similar value providing additional evidence of this enhancement.
Experimental Aspects of Partitioning Tracer Tests for Residual Oil Saturation Determination With FIA-Based Laboratory Equipment (1990)

Summary Partitioning tracer tests are used to determine residual oil saturation (ROS). At Koninklijke/Shell Laboratorium, Amsterdam, laboratory equipment based on the flow injection analysis (FIA) method has been constructed for rapid (within 2 hours) and accurate (better than 8%) determination of the equilibrium partition coefficient of tracers between crude oil and brine under simulated reservoir conditions. The apparatus makes possible investigation of the influence of all relevant parameters on the partition coefficient: tracer type and concentration, crude oil type, pressure (up to 34 MPa [4, 930 psi]), GOR's, temperature (up to 150°C [302°F]), and brine salinity. The FIA equipment has been critically evaluated with model compounds. Its versatility has been verified with experimental results obtained on dead and live crudes.
Diffraction Efficiency of Bleached, Photographically Recorded Interference Patterns (1969)

An experimental study has been made of techniques that can increase the diffraction efficiency of photographically recorded three-dimensional interference patterns. The efficiency is increased by using bleaching processes that convert the silver image into a dielectric image. Diffraction efficiency vs transmittance curves, chemical formulas of some bleaches, and the bleaching procedures are given. A maximum efficiency of 60% has been achieved. Applications to holography and partitioned zone plates are demonstrated.
The farnesoid X receptor modulates renal lipid metabolism and diet-induced renal inflammation, fibrosis, and proteinuria (2009)

Diet-induced obesity is associated with proteinuria and glomerular disease in humans and rodents. We have shown that in mice fed a high-fat diet, increased renal expression of the transcriptional factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) plays a critical role in renal lipid accumulation and increases the activity of proinflammatory cytokines and profibrotic growth factors. In the current study, we have determined a key role of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in modulating renal SREBP-1 activity, glomerular lesions, and proteinuria. We found that feeding a Western-style diet to DBA/2J mice results in proteinuria, podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, renal lipid accumulation, and increased expression of proinflammatory factors, oxidative stress, and profibrotic growth factors. Treatment of these mice with the highly selective and potent FXR-activating ligand 6-alpha-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid (INT-747) ameliorates triglyceride accumulation by modulating fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, improves proteinuria, prevents podocyte loss, mesangial expansion, accumulation of extracellular matrix proteins, and increased expression of profibrotic growth factors and fibrosis markers, and modulates inflammation and oxidative stress. Our results therefore indicate that FXR activation could represent an effective therapy for treatment of abnormal renal lipid metabolism with associated inflammation, oxidative stress, and kidney pathology in patients affected by obesity.
Symbiotic Expression of Cosmid-Borne <i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i> Hydrogenase Genes (1987)

The expression of cosmid-borne Bradyrhizobium japonicum hydrogenase genes in alfalfa, clover, and soybean nodules harboring Rhizobium transconjugants was studied. Cosmid pHU52 conferred hydrogen uptake (Hup) activity in both free-living bacteria and in nodules on the different plant hosts, although in nodules the instability of the cosmid resulted in low levels of Hup activity. In contrast, cosmid pHU1, which does not confer Hup activity on free-living bacteria, gave a Hup phenotype in nodules on alfalfa and soybean. Nodules formed by B. japonicum USDA 123Spc(pHU1) recycled about 90% of nitrogenase-mediated hydrogen evolution. Both subunits of hydrogenase (30- and 60-kilodalton polypeptides) were detected in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays of bacteroid preparations from nodules harboring B. japonicum strains with pHU1 or pHU52. Neither pHU53 nor pLAFR1 conferred detectable Hup activity in either nodules or free-living bacteria. Based on the physical maps of pHU1 and pHU52, it is suggested that a 5.5-kilobase EcoRI fragment unique to pHU52 contains a gene or part of a gene required for Hup activity in free-living bacteria but not in nodules. This conclusion is supported by the observation that two Tn5 insertions in the chromosome of B. japonicum USDA 122DES obtained by marker exchange with Tn5-mutagenized pHU1 abolished Hup activity in free-living bacteria but not in nodules.
Nivolumab for Recurrent Squamous-Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (2016)

Among patients with platinum-refractory, recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck, treatment with nivolumab resulted in longer overall survival than treatment with standard, single-agent therapy. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb; CheckMate 141 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02105636 .).
Design of a highly accurate optical sensor system for pressure and temperature monitoring in oil wells (2009)

This paper provides details of the potential designs of a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) sensor which forms part of a highly accurate optical measurement system for permanent monitoring of pressure and temperature in oil wells. The proposed sensors are of a hybrid construction and comprise two different types of spectrally encoded transducers - a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) and a Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity, which are connected in series. The FBG and FP sensors are used primarily to measure temperature and pressure, respectively. Because of the two different applications currently addressed - oil-sand production and deep-well oil production - and their associated different ranges of pressure to be measured (0-3000 psi and 0-15000 psi respectively), different dedicated sensor constructions are described. All transducers are designed to operate in the 0- 400°C temperature range. The requirement that the sensors meet the accuracy of 0.1% of the full measurement scale is discussed in details and is evaluated using analytical methods and simulation.
Sequence discriminative training for low-rank deep neural networks (2014)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven very successful for automatic speech recognition but the number of parameters tends to be large, leading to high computational cost. To reduce the size of a DNN model, low-rank approximations of weight matrices, computed using singular value decomposition (SVD), have previously been applied. Previous studies only focused on clean speech, whereas the additional variability in noisy speech could make model reduction difficult. Thus we investigate the effectiveness of this SVD method on noisy reverberated speech. Furthermore, we combine the low-rank approximation with sequence discriminative training, which further improved the performance of the DNN, even though the original DNN was constructed using a discriminative criterion. We also investigated the effect of the order of application of the low-rank and sequence discriminative training. Our experiments show that low rank approximation is effective for noisy speech and the most effective combination of discriminative training with model reduction is to apply the low rank approximation to the base model first and then to perform discriminative training on the low-rank model. This low-rank discriminatively trained model outperformed the full discriminatively trained model.
Free Fatty Acids and Cytokines Induce Pancreatic β-Cell Apoptosis by Different Mechanisms: Role of Nuclear Factor-κB and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (2004)

Apoptosis is probably the main form of beta-cell death in both type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and T2DM. In T1DM, cytokines contribute to beta-cell destruction through nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation. Previous studies suggested that in T2DM high glucose and free fatty acids (FFAs) are beta-cell toxic also via NF-kappaB activation. The aims of this study were to clarify whether common mechanisms are involved in FFA- and cytokine-induced beta-cell apoptosis and determine whether TNFalpha, an adipocyte-derived cytokine, potentiates FFA toxicity through enhanced NF-kappaB activation. Apoptosis was induced in insulinoma (INS)-1E cells, rat islets, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified beta-cells by oleate, palmitate, and/or cytokines (IL-1beta, interferon-gamma, TNFalpha). Palmitate and IL-1beta induced a similar percentage of apoptosis in INS-1E cells, whereas oleate was less toxic. TNFalpha did not potentiate FFA toxicity in primary beta-cells. The NF-kappaB-dependent genes inducible nitric oxide synthase and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were induced by IL-1beta but not by FFAs. Cytokines activated NF-kappaB in INS-1E and beta-cells, but FFAs did not. Moreover, FFAs did not enhance NF-kappaB activation by TNFalpha. Palmitate and oleate induced C/EBP homologous protein, activating transcription factor-4, and immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein mRNAs, X-box binding protein-1 alternative splicing, and activation of the activating transcription factor-6 promoter in INS-1E cells, suggesting that FFAs trigger an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. We conclude that apoptosis is the main mode of FFA- and cytokine-induced beta-cell death but the mechanisms involved are different. Whereas cytokines induce NF-kappaB activation and ER stress (secondary to nitric oxide formation), FFAs activate an ER stress response via an NF-kappaB- and nitric oxide-independent mechanism. Our results argue against a unifying hypothesis for the mechanisms of beta-cell death in T1DM and T2DM.
An Adaptive Framework for Test Data Generation from Business Specification (2009)

In this paper, a framework for test data generation from business specification is presented. This framework separates data definition from their implementation and enables user to define logic and manage test data in a structural way. Data generation logic can be maintained and reused in different test scenarios. Test data with different format will be generated to integrate with other test automation tools. The internal mechanism is introduced and enhancement point is discussed then.
The Genesy Model for a Blockchain-Based Fair Ecosystem of Genomic Data (2020)

Recent advances in technology have drastically downsized costs and implementation times for genomic services. The wide availability of low-cost genomic technologies and easy access to genomic data can significantly improve healthcare productivity and efficiency, all to the benefit of social well-being in general. For example, by creating the conditions for researchers to identify the causes of multiple diseases and contributing to the development of new drugs, we can improve the quality of life and give people, as users of genomic services, the means to positively impact their health. This article describes how blockchain technology can lay the foundations of an ecosystem that encourages users to acquire and share their genomic data in full awareness without fear of being circumvented to participate in the benefits and advances in genomic research. The starting point is Genesy , an innovative blockchain platform that transcribes genomic data, thus facilitating and, at the same time safeguarding, the users of genomic services in their relationships with parties interested in accessing and using data they own, such as research centers, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and geneticists. This result is obtained by exploiting blockchain technology's capabilities to notarize data and prevent their unauthorized use, and at the same time to make them objects of possible transactions between different parties. Looking ahead, the Genesy model can be generalized to promote an ecosystem, and a fair market, for all types of biomedical data.
Candidate genes and functional noncoding variants identified in a canine model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (2014)

The limited genetic diversity of dog breeds facilitates identification of genes, functional variants and regulatory pathways underlying complex psychiatric disorders that are mechanistically similar in dogs and humans.
Analyse cladistique de l'ordre des Protoures (Hexapoda, Protura) (2003)

Une analyse cladistique a été réalisée, en utilisant le logiciel PAUP, pour évaluer les relations phylogé-nétiques entre les 71 genres actuellement connus de l'ordre des Protoures. L'analyse, utilisant 36 caractères non ordonnés et de poids égal, provenant de l'anatomie et de la chétotaxie des stades adultes, montre que les Protoures peuvent être répartis en 4 groupes monophylétiques : (1) Eosentomidae avec le genre Antelientomon, ce groupe occupant une position basale dans l'arbre, (2) le genre Sinentomon, (3) Protentomidae avec le genre Fujientomon, et (4) Acerentomidae. En se basant sur cette analyse cladistique, nous concluons que la division des Protoures en plusieurs ordres n'est pas soutenable, et que la division en 3 sous-ordres doit être conservée, avec de nouvelles définitions.
Stereoselektive Synthese neuer zentral wirksamer Tricyclen vom Benzomorphan‐Typ mit 2‐Phenylethylamin Partialstruktur (1993)

Abstract Die Addition des mit LDA deprotonierten Glycinesters 6 an das Homophthalaldehydmonoacetal 5 liefert den β‐Hydroxyester 7 , der sich nach Reduktion zu den racemischen 2,6‐Epoxy‐3‐benzoxocin‐5‐aminen (+/−)‐ 12 und (+/−)‐ 13 cyclisieren läß. Die Schlüsselverbindungen für die Gewinnung von 12 und 13 in enantiomerenreiner Form sind die Hydroxyacetale ( R,S,R )‐ 22 und ( R,S,S )‐ 23 : ( R,S,R )‐ 22 läßt sich stereoselektiv durch Addition der Aryllithiumverbindung 21b bzw. der Aryltitanverbindung 21c an das neue Serinal‐Äquivalent ( R,S )‐ 20 gewinnen; die Reduktion des Ketons ( R,S )‐ 24 mit LiAlH 4 bei −78°C führt überwiegend (>95%) zu dem diastereomeren Hydroxyacetal ( R,S,S )‐ 23 . Mit Säure werden ( R,S,R )‐ 22 und ( R,S,S )‐ 23 in die tricyclischen Urethane ( S,S,R )‐ 25 und ( R,S,S )‐ 30 überführt, die sich zu den Dimethylaminen ( S,S,R )‐ 12 und ( R,S,S )‐ 13 reduzieren und methylieren lassen (ee > 97%). Analog werden die enantiomeren Amine ( R,R,S )‐ 12 und ( S,R,R )‐ 13 ausgehend von ( R )‐Serin dargestellt. Die relative Konfiguration von ( R,S,R )‐ 22 wird mit Hilfe von Molecular Dynamics Rechnungen (Sybyl 5.4) in Kombination mit NOE‐Messungen bewiesen.‐ Nach Applikation beider Enantiomere von 12 , 13 , 27 und 32 lassen sich bei Mäusen typische Symptome für eine zentrale Dämpfung beobachten. Im Essigsäure Writhing‐Test sind ( S,S,R )‐ 12 , ( S,R,R )‐ 13 , ( R,S,S )‐ 13 , ( S,S,R )‐ 27 , ( R,R,S )‐ 27 und ( R,S,S )‐ 32 stark analgetisch wirksam mit ED 50 Werten in der Größenordnung des ED 50 ‐Wertes von Tramadol‐HCl.
Progressive Visualization of Complex 3D Models Over the Internet (2016)

Abstract The online transmission and real‐time rendering of complex 3D models have always been a bottleneck which limits the performance of Web 3D simulation systems. To improve the efficiency of data transmission and mesh reconstruction, this article proposes a novel progressive mesh structure. In the first stage of progressive visualization, the base data and the base index generated by vertex clustering simplification are transmitted to the client for the fundamental rendering. Then the incremental data and corresponding indexes at higher levels are transmitted, as the viewpoint approaches the simulation object. The multi‐scale incremental data organization benefits the performance and efficiency of the Web 3D simulation system by separately transmitting and reconstructing the corresponding level of mesh details. To demonstrate the adaptability and reliability of this algorithm, we developed an experimental prototype system to conduct a series of experiments. The results of experiments show that the improved progressive mesh structure described in this article takes good advantage of the vertex clustering simplification scheme to increase the efficiency of online transmission and mesh reconstruction, and the average frame rate of the progressive visualization has been increased to some extent, especially for massive data in large scale scenes.
CAn't Touch This: Practical and Generic Software-only Defenses Against Rowhammer Attacks (2016)

Rowhammer is a hardware bug that can be exploited to implement privilege escalation and remote code execution attacks. Previous proposals on rowhammer mitigation either require hardware changes or follow heuristic-based approaches (based on CPU performance counters). To date, there exists no instant protection against rowhammer attacks on legacy systems. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of two practical and efficient software-only defenses against rowhammer attacks. Our defenses prevent the attacker from leveraging rowhammer to corrupt physically co-located data in memory that is owned by a different system entity. Our first defense, B-CATT, extends the system bootloader to disable vulnerable physical memory. B-CATT is highly practical, does not require changes to the operating system, and can be deployed on virtually all x86-based systems. While B-CATT is able to stop all known rowhammer attacks, it does not yet tackle the fundamental problem of missing memory isolation in physical memory. To address this problem, we introduce our second defense G-CATT, a generic solution that extends the physical memory allocator of the OS to physically isolate the memory of different system entities (e.g., kernel and user space). As proof of concept, we implemented B-CATT on x86, and our generic defense, G-CATT, on x86 and ARM to mitigate rowhammer-based kernel exploits. Our extensive evaluation shows that both mitigation schemes (i) can stop available real- world rowhammer attacks, (ii) impose virtually no run-time overhead for common user and kernel benchmarks as well as commonly used applications, and (iii) do not affect the stability of the overall system.
Potent Inhibition of Human Cytomegalovirus by Modulation of Cellular SNARE Syntaxin 5 (2016)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection causes severe disease and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, including organ transplant and AIDS patients. In addition, infection of a developing fetus may result in lifelong complications such as deafness and learning disabilities. Understanding in detail the processes involved in HCMV replication is important for developing novel treatments. One of these essential processes, assembly of infectious virions, takes places in the cytoplasmic viral assembly compartment. We identify a cellular protein, syntaxin 5, important for generating this compartment, and show that it is required for the efficient production of infectious virions. We also show that a small molecule that disrupts this protein also significantly reduces the amount of infectious virions that are generated. Thus, by pinpointing a cellular protein that is important in the replication cycle of HCMV, we identified a novel target that can be pursued for therapeutic intervention.