gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Plantations on Weather and Climate in Coastal Desert Regions (2014)

Abstract Recent advances in technology permit the irrigation of dry, coastal areas, avoiding the use of fossil water and conflicts with other land use (e.g., for food production). Consequently, it becomes reasonable to consider large-scale plantations for mitigating increases in atmospheric concentrations by carbon sequestration and to study local modifications of weather and climate. This work investigates the impact of plantations in Oman and the Sonora Desert in Mexico assuming an area of about 100 km × 100 km. For this purpose, an advanced land surface–atmosphere model was adapted to the local changes of land cover and operated on the convection-permitting scale. Explicit simulations of the impact of the plantation on soil–vegetation–atmosphere feedback were performed for a duration of 1 yr. A strong modification of diurnal cycles of variables such as surface fluxes, temperature, and boundary layer depth was found. Over the plantations, the mean temperature decreased as a result of nonlinear changes of the diurnal cycle caused by less warming during the day than cooling during the night. Moreover, the plantations caused an increase in vertical instability and a modification of the horizontal flow leading to the development of convergence zones. During several isolated cases in summer, this process led to convection initiation and precipitation with an enhancement of about 30 mm in both areas, respectively. These convection-permitting simulations lend confidence that an increase in precipitation could be induced at the mesoscale by the introduction of vegetation in desert regions. Furthermore, this effect should be included in a quantitative assessment of climate engineering by afforestation.
An Object-Oriented Architecture for Integrated CAD Systems. (2000)

An object-oriented architecture for development of integrated CAD systems is proposed and discussed. Combining &quot;entity-relationship&quot; paradigm and an original object-oriented approach to design, modeling and visualization, the architecture offers flexibility, extensibility and reusability enough to integrate different-purpose components and to develop complete CAD systems in essentially different areas on the same conceptual, methodological, instrumental and programming basis.
The <i>TT8</i> Gene Encodes a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Domain Protein Required for Expression of <i>DFR</i> and <i>BAN</i> Genes in Arabidopsis Siliques (2000)

The TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (TT8) locus is involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in Arabidopsis. The tt8-3 allele was isolated from a T-DNA-mutagenized Arabidopsis collection and found to be tagged by an integrative molecule, thus permitting the cloning and sequencing of the TT8 gene. TT8 identity was confirmed by complementation of tt8-3 and sequence analysis of an additional allele. The TT8 gene encodes a protein that displays a basic helix-loop-helix at its C terminus and represents an Arabidopsis ortholog of the maize R transcription factors. The TT8 transcript is present in developing siliques and in young seedlings. The TT8 protein is required for normal expression of two flavonoid late biosynthetic genes, namely, DIHYDROFLAVONOL 4-REDUCTASE (DFR) and BANYULS (BAN), in Arabidopsis siliques. Interestingly, TRANSPARENT TESTA GLABRA1 (TTG1) and TT2 genes also control the expression of DFR and BAN genes. Our results suggest that the TT8, TTG1, and TT2 proteins may interact to control flavonoid metabolism in the Arabidopsis seed coat.
A New CNG Engine Test for the Evaluation of Natural Gas Engine Oils (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Compressed natural gas (CNG) has been used as a fuel for internal combustion engines for decades. CNG engines, in most cases, have been used in stationary applications for power generation, and pipeline gas transportation. More recently, CNG has found its way into mobile applications. Locally operating fleets, such as city bus fleets, have shown a lot of interest in CNG. Bus fleets operate most of the time in urban areas, where lower emission levels are mandated, and the operation allows the busses to return to a central refueling station on a daily basis.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">CNG engines are different from diesel engines in terms of lubricant requirements. Higher operating temperatures may require better oxidation and nitration control, and high ash levels can be a detriment. With the increased use of CNG as a fuel for commercial vehicle engines, it becomes more and more important to have a procedure to evaluate lubricants for this application. A laboratory engine test for the evaluation of natural gas engine oils (NGEOs) is currently not available.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the development of a CNG engine test for the evaluation of natural gas engine oils in mobile applications. The test uses a Cummins 8.3 liter C-series engine with a sliding follower valve train design. The developed engine test is capable of discriminating oils with different valve train wear performance levels.</div>
FUNDAMENTALS OF TURBULENT MOTION, MIXING AND KINETICS (1981)

Abstract The principles of mixing on a macroscopic level have been known and used for a number of years for the scale-up of mixing processes. However, these scale-up methods have been empirical in nature due to the lack of information about mixing theory on a microscopic level. The complexity of problems involving turbulence, such as mixing, has made a quantitative description difficult. However, the modern turbulence approach has led to a much deeper understanding of the field of mixing and of related turbulent scalar transport processes. The analysis allows us to define measurable mixing criteria. A knowledge of the parameters of the turbulence provides the information necessary to estimate the degree of mixing. The parameters can often be estimated from the geometry of the flow system and from simple empirical relationships. With a knowledge of the mixing, the problem of chemical kinetics, when mixing cannot be ignored, can be studied. A theoretical approach is possible that with limited assumptions allows one to predict the course of second-order chemical reactions. Recent advances in this area arc reviewed, as well as the results and predictions for a specific flow reactor.
Adipose Triglyceride Lipase Deficiency Causes Tissue-specific Changes in Insulin Signaling (2009)

Triacylglycerol accumulation in insulin target tissues is associated with insulin resistance. Paradoxically, mice with global targeted deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the rate-limiting enzyme in triacylglycerol hydrolysis, display improved glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity despite triacylglycerol accumulation in multiple tissues. To determine the molecular mechanisms for this phenotype, ATGL-deficient (ATGL(-/-)) and wild-type mice were injected with saline or insulin (10 units/kg, intraperitoneally), and then phosphorylation and activities of key insulin-signaling proteins were determined in insulin target tissues (liver, adipose tissue, and muscle). Insulin signaling and/or glucose transport was also evaluated in isolated adipocytes and skeletal muscle ex vivo. In ATGL(-/-) mice, insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Akt activities as well as phosphorylation of critical residues of IRS1 (Tyr(P)-612) and Akt (Ser(P)-473) were increased in skeletal muscle in vivo. Insulin-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and total insulin receptor and insulin receptor substrate 1, but not other parameters, were also increased in white adipose tissue in vivo. In contrast, in vivo measures of insulin signaling were decreased in brown adipose tissue and liver. Interestingly, the enhanced components of insulin signaling identified in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue in vivo and their expected downstream effects on glucose transport were not present ex vivo. ATGL deficiency altered intramyocellular lipids as well as serum factors known to influence insulin sensitivity. Thus, skeletal muscle, rather than other tissues, primarily contributes to enhanced insulin sensitivity in ATGL(-/-) mice in vivo despite triacylglycerol accumulation, and both local and systemic factors contribute to tissue-specific effects of global ATGL deficiency on insulin action.
Ion mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization source (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIon mobility detector for gas chromatography with a direct photoionization sourceMichael A. Baim, Randy L. Eatherton, and Herbert H. HillCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 11, 1761–1766Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00261a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00261a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flooding and the Role of Planning in England and Wales: A Critical Review (2002)

In this paper the authors raise some important questions about the extent to which planning is fostering an environment susceptible to flooding. They argue that severe UK flooding incidents in recent years should result in the government re-examining the planning system to ensure relevancy and effectiveness in dealing with such problems in the future. They identify where the current policy and practice weaknesses lie in planning to limit both flood source and flood impact areas and suggest ways in which the government and the profession could take remedial steps to increase local and regional sustainability.
Application of bit error rate monitoring to differential detection of MSK, QPSK, OQPSK and DUOMSK signals (2003)

The pseudoerror method based on amplitude threshold variation is applied to differential detection of QPSK (quaternary phase-shift keying), OQPSK (offset QPSK), DUOMSK (duobinary minimum-shift keying), and MSK signals. The objective of this differential-detection estimation was to reduce the simulation time required for bit-error-rate estimation relative to the Monte Carlo method. The gain in simulation time obtained in this way was shown in a specific case to be on the order of 5.5 and 8.7 for amplitude thresholds of 10 and 15%. The small approximation error values of the order of 0.1 to 0.4 dB obtained with these thresholds lead to the conclusion that the method gives very good results, permitting performance estimates for bit error rates smaller than 10/sup -4/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monoclonal antibodies against hepatitis A virus (1983)

Three monoclonal antibodies (K2-4F2, K3-2F2, and K3-4C8) of the immunoglobulin G2a class were raised against hepatitis A virus. The specificity of these antibodies was confirmed by immune electron microscopy, solid-phase radioimmunoassay, and in vitro neutralization in cell culture. Binding studies suggested that they all recognize closely related antigenic determinants. These monoclonal antibodies should prove to be of great value as diagnostic and research reagents.
Effect of CO <sub>2</sub> Insufflation on the Number and Behavior of Air Microemboli in Open-Heart Surgery (2004)

Insufflation of CO2 into the thoracic wound markedly decreases the incidence of microemboli.
Human emotion recognition using frequency &amp; statistical measures of EEG signal (2013)

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the different human emotions through Electroencephalogram (EEG) signal and to receive information about the internal changes of brain state. The paper presents the detection of human emotion based on some salient features of EEG signal. For this purpose, seven emotional states have been specified such as relax, thought, memory related, motor action, pleasant, fear, and enjoying music. Several EEG signals have been collected for these states and analyzed using frequency transform and statistical measures. Different significant features have been extracted from the analyzed signal. Among various statistical measures skewness and kurtosis are chosen which indicate the largest dispersion in different mental states and help to evaluate different human emotions. Frequency analysis shows how the ranges of magnitude vary with different frequency components. On the basis of magnitude ranges different emotional states are identified. EEG signal provides an effective way in the functioning of the brain to study of mental behavior.
Visual function correlates with nerve fiber layer thickness in eyes affected by ocular hypertension. (1999)

The variability of PERG, VEP, and SCS testing observed in eyes with ocular hypertension is associated with differences in NFL thickness (the thinner the layer, the worse the visual function).
Integrative analysis of large scale expression profiles reveals core transcriptional response and coordination between multiple cellular processes in a cyanobacterium (2010)

We provide here the first integrative analysis of transcriptome data sets generated in a cyanobacterium. This compilation of data sets is a valuable resource to researchers for all cyanobacterial gene expression related queries. Importantly, our analysis provides a global description of transcriptional reprogramming under different perturbations and a basic framework to understand the strategies of cellular adaptations in Synechocystis.
Community Partnership Program: Dissemination of Urban Farming Technology for Community of Jatinegara West Flats (2020)

The world population population in 2050 is predicted to reach more than 9 billion and 66% of the population lives in urban areas. This can lead to competition in getting bigger food. Therefore, food security in urban areas is a big challenge. Mitigation to face the challenge has been done by city government in Indonesia. For example, the province of DKI Jakarta, where the provincial government has programmed to carry out urban farming activities as an effort to bring food sources near to the community as well as reforestation for the city. To support the program, Trilogy University through Community Partnership Program, since 2016, has disseminated the technology of urban agriculture and empowered the people residing in the area of West Jatinegara Flats, Jakarta. Methods of partnership activities include analysis of partner problems, interviews with partners, program socialization, trainning on cultivation techniques on smallholdings, and demonstrations of agricultural technology for urban areas. Activities that have been implemented are vertical farming training, composting, and community empowerment in the utilization of open land around the Flats. These activities have an impact, among others, people familiar with urban farming technology, lay out of open space utilization and hydroponics technology for net house of flats. This partnership program was established thanks to support from the Ministry of Technology and Higher Education Research and in collaboration with the Department of Maritime Agriculture and Food Security, DKI Jakarta Province.
Sugar-Substituted Poly(<i>p</i>-phenyleneethynylene)s: Sensitivity Enhancement toward Lectins and Bacteria (2008)

The synthesis of two novel, water-soluble, sugar-substituted poly(p-phenyleneethynylene)s and their interactions with concanavalin A (Con A) and bacteria (Escherichia coli) are reported, and the issue of sensitivity enhancement is investigated. Both sugar-substituted PPEs (P5 and P7) exhibited strong interactions with Con A with KSV values exceeding 108 M−1. The binding constants between the sugar-substituted polymers and Con A were also quantitatively calculated using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) resulting in association constants as high as 106 M−1. P5 and P7 strongly interact with mannose-binding E. coli, which led to their aggregation.
Synthesis of dimethylformamide from CO2, H2 and dimethylamine over Cu/ZnO (2010)

Cheap and simple Cu/ZnO catalysts are very effective and recyclable for the synthesis of dimethylformamide (DMF) from CO(2), H(2), and dimethylamine, and a yield of 97% can be reached.
Daggers drawn (1992)

There's a terrible creeping, nay, galloping anti-materialist strain running through science, especially physics, at the moment. Anthropic principles, God in the quad and, at best, many-worlds explanations abound.
Algicidal Activity of a Surface-Bonded Organosilicon Quaternary Ammonium Chloride (1973)

The hydrolysis product of a quaternary amine-containing organosilicon salt, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)-propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride, was found to exhibit algicidal activity while chemically bonded to a variety of substrates. Six representative species of Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, and Chrysophyta were used to evaluate the algicidal activity. Substrate-bonded (14)C-labeled organosilicon quaternary ammonium salt when attached to nonwoven fibers was durable to repeated washings, and algicidal activity could not be attributed to slow release of the chemical.
Heat‐induced MMP‐1 expression is mediated by TRPV1 through PKC<i>α</i> signaling in HaCaT cells (2008)

Our results suggest that TRPV1 mediates heat shock-induced MMP-1 expression via calcium-dependent PKCalpha signaling in HaCaT cells.
An electrocochleographic study of the effects of lignocaine on patients with tinnitus (1983)

Twenty patients complaining of tinnitus were investigated by extra tympanic electrocochleography (ECochG). Baseline ECochG recordings were carried out, followed by sequential recording after injections first of saline, as a control, and then after lignocaine in the dosage 1.5 mg/kg body weight. Significant improvement in the tinnitus was seen in 13 patients after lignocaine compared with only 3 patients after saline. A statistically significant reduction in the amplitude of the action potential was seen after the lignocaine injection. Our results confirm the views of Melding et al. that the effect of lignocaine is on the neuronal activity of the auditory pathway.
Resistance to Gray Leaf Spot of Maize: Genetic Architecture and Mechanisms Elucidated through Nested Association Mapping and Near-Isogenic Line Analysis (2015)

Gray leaf spot (GLS), caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and Cercospora zeina, is one of the most important diseases of maize worldwide. The pathogen has a necrotrophic lifestyle and no major genes are known for GLS. Quantitative resistance, although poorly understood, is important for GLS management. We used genetic mapping to refine understanding of the genetic architecture of GLS resistance and to develop hypotheses regarding the mechanisms underlying quantitative disease resistance (QDR) loci. Nested association mapping (NAM) was used to identify 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) for QDR to GLS, including seven novel QTL, each of which demonstrated allelic series with significant effects above and below the magnitude of the B73 reference allele. Alleles at three QTL, qGLS1.04, qGLS2.09, and qGLS4.05, conferred disease reductions of greater than 10%. Interactions between loci were detected for three pairs of loci, including an interaction between iqGLS4.05 and qGLS7.03. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed to confirm and fine-map three of the 16 QTL, and to develop hypotheses regarding mechanisms of resistance. qGLS1.04 was fine-mapped from an interval of 27.0 Mb to two intervals of 6.5 Mb and 5.2 Mb, consistent with the hypothesis that multiple genes underlie highly significant QTL identified by NAM. qGLS2.09, which was also associated with maturity (days to anthesis) and with resistance to southern leaf blight, was narrowed to a 4-Mb interval. The distance between major leaf veins was strongly associated with resistance to GLS at qGLS4.05. NILs for qGLS1.04 were treated with the C. zeae-maydis toxin cercosporin to test the role of host-specific toxin in QDR. Cercosporin exposure increased expression of a putative flavin-monooxygenase (FMO) gene, a candidate detoxification-related gene underlying qGLS1.04. This integrated approach to confirming QTL and characterizing the potential underlying mechanisms advances the understanding of QDR and will facilitate the development of resistant varieties.
Note on a Phase Transition in VO2. (1961)

The powder diffractogram of vanadium dioxide crystals was found to change, rapidly and reversibly, at about 70 deg C, the most obvious feature being the disappearance of all reflections hkl with h odd. At 180 deg C the effect was even greater and the crystal structure was derived and found to be essentially of the rutile type. A small splitting, less than the a/sub 1/ - a/sub 2/ separation, of the 101 and 210 powder reflections indicates a slight residual deformation of the rutile-type cell. The structural data obtained at 180 deg C are: space group, P4/sub 2//mnm (No. 136); unit cell dimensions, a = 4.530 plus or minus 0.009 A and c = 2.869 plus or minus 0.006 A; cell content, 2VO/sub 2/ ;, 2V in 2(a), 000, 1/2 1/2 1/2; 4 0 in 4(f), xxO etc., x = 0.305 plus or minus 0.003; and reliability factor R = 0.12. The transition is accompanied by changes in the expansion coefficient, the electrical resistivity, and the magnetic susceptibility. (N.W.R.)
Modelling and analysis of power dissipation in single electron logic (2003)

A new analytical model for Single Electron Transistors (SETs) that can be used for co-simulation with CMOS is developed and validated with Monte Carlo simulation. The model includes temperature dependence, device asymmetry and background charge effects. A detailed physical parameter extraction procedure for asymmetric SETs is reported. An analytical approach is subsequently developed to investigate and accurately predict the power dissipation of SET inverters. Static power, as the main mechanism of SET logic power dissipation, and contributions of dynamic and temperature-dependent leakage power are derived and critically discussed. It is shown that SET asymmetry can be exploited to significantly reduce SET logic power dissipation with negligible impact on propagation delay.
A Novel Approach for Monitoring of CaCO3 and BaSO4 Scale Formation (2000)

Abstract To date much emphasis on scale inhibitor evaluation and studies of scale kinetics has been given to studies using static beaker tests. This paper describes an electrochemically based technique, which allowed the extent of scaling on a solid surface to be determined in presence and in absence of scale inhibitor. The ability of the technique to provide kinetic information on surface scaling will be demonstrated with two kinds of scale. Finally the potential for this technique as a method for on-line monitoring of scale formation downhole will be discussed.