gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eif-2a Protects Brainstem Motoneurons in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea (2008)

Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with neural injury and dysfunction. Hypoxia/reoxygenation exposures, modeling sleep apnea, injure select populations of neurons, including hypoglossal motoneurons. The mechanisms underlying this motoneuron injury are not understood. We hypothesize that endoplasmic reticulum injury contributes to motoneuron demise. Hypoxia/reoxygenation exposures across 8 weeks in adult mice upregulated the unfolded protein response as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of PERK [PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum (ER) kinase] in facial and hypoglossal motoneurons and persistent upregulation of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein (CHOP)/growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible protein (GADD153) with nuclear translocation. Long-term hypoxia/reoxygenation also resulted in cleavage and nuclear translocation of caspase-7 and caspase-3 in hypoglossal and facial motoneurons. In contrast, occulomotor and trigeminal motoneurons showed persistent phosphorylation of eIF-2a across hypoxia/reoxygenation, without activations of CHOP/GADD153 or either caspase. Ultrastructural analysis of rough ER in hypoglossal motoneurons revealed hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced luminal swelling and ribosomal detachment. Protection of eIF-2alpha phosphorylation with systemically administered salubrinal throughout hypoxia/reoxygenation exposure prevented CHOP/GADD153 activation in susceptible motoneurons. Collectively, this work provides evidence that long-term exposure to hypoxia/reoxygenation events, modeling sleep apnea, results in significant endoplasmic reticulum injury in select upper airway motoneurons. Augmentation of eIF-2a phosphorylation minimizes motoneuronal injury in this model. It is anticipated that obstructive sleep apnea results in endoplasmic reticulum injury involving motoneurons, whereas a critical balance of phosphorylated eIF-2a should minimize motoneuronal injury in obstructive sleep apnea.
Microencapsulation of Cells Producing Therapeutic Proteins: Optimizing Cell Growth and Secretion (2002)

Microencapsulation of genetically engineered cells may have important applications as delivery systems for therapeutic proteins. However, optimization of the microcapsules with regard to mechanical stability, cell growth, and secretion of proteins is necessary in order to evaluate the future use of this delivery technology. We have explored the growth, survival, and secretion of therapeutic proteins from 293-EBNA cells producing endostatin (293 endo cells) and JJN3 myeloma cells producing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) that have been embedded in various types of alginate capsules. Parameters that affect capsule integrity such as homogenous and inhomogenous gel cores and addition of an outer poly-l-lysine (PLL)–alginate coating were evaluated in relation to cell functions. When cells were encapsulated, the PLL layer was found to be absolutely required for the capsule integrity. The JJN3 and 293 endo cells displayed completely different growth and distribution patterns of live and dead cells within the microcapsules, as shown by 3D pictures reconstructed from images taken with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Encapsulated JJN3 cells showed a bell-shaped growth and HGF secretion curve over a time period of 5 months. The 293 endo cells reached a plateau phase in growth after 23 days postencapsulation; however, after around 30 days a fraction of the microcapsules started to disintegrate. Microcapsule disintegration occurred with time irrespective of capsule and cell type, showing that alginate microcapsules possessing relatively high gel strength are not strong enough to keep proliferating cells within the microcapsules for prolonged time periods. Although this study shows that the stability of an alginate-based cell factory can be increased by a PLL–alginate coating, further improvement is necessary with regard to capsule integrity as well as controlling the cell growth before this technology can be used for therapy.
Steroidal Aldosterone Blockers. II<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSteroidal Aldosterone Blockers. II1JOHN A. CELLA and ROBERT C. TWEITCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1109–1110Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views380Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparisons between geometrical optics and Lorenz-Mie theory (1981)

Scattered light patterns produced by spherical transparent particles of a wide range of diameters (1-100 microm) and for a useful range of forward scattering angles (0-20 degrees ) are calculated by using both Lorenz-Mie theory and geometrical optics theory. A detailed comparison of the results leads to a definitive assessment of the accuracy of geometrical optics theory in the forward direction. Emphasis is put on simultaneous sizing and velocimetry of particles using pedestal calibration methods.
What vibrations tell about proteins (2002)

This review deals with current concepts of vibrational spectroscopy for the investigation of protein structure and function. While the focus is on infrared (IR) spectroscopy, some of the general aspects also apply to Raman spectroscopy. Special emphasis is on the amide I vibration of the polypeptide backbone that is used for secondary-structure analysis. Theoretical as well as experimental aspects are covered including transition dipole coupling. Further topics are discussed, namely the absorption of amino-acid side-chains, 1H/2H exchange to study the conformational flexibility and reaction-induced difference spectroscopy for the investigation of reaction mechanisms with a focus on interpretation tools.
Relation Between the Turnover Number for Vinblastine Transport and for Vinblastine-stimulated ATP Hydrolysis by Human P-glycoprotein (1997)

Considerable uncertainty surrounds the stoichiometry of coupling of ATP hydrolysis to drug pumping by P-glycoprotein, the multidrug transporter. To estimate relative turnovers for pumping of the drug vinblastine and ATP hydrolysis, we began by measuring the number of P-glycoprotein molecules on the surface of murine NIH3T3 cells expressing the human MDR1 gene. Fluorescence of cells treated with monoclonal antibody UIC2 was determined as a function of (i) amount of antibody at a fixed number of cells and (ii) increasing cell number at constant antibody. The two together gives 1.95 x 10(6) P-glycoprotein molecules/cell. Initial uptake rates of vinblastine +/- verapamil measure the ability of P-glycoprotein to extract vinblastine from the plasma membrane before it enters the cell. As a function of [vinblastine] at 37 degrees C, they give the maximum rate of this component of outward pumping as 2.1 x 10(6) molecules s-1 cell-1 or a turnover number of 1.1 s-1. Initial rates of one-way efflux as a function of [vinblastine] at 25 degrees C +/- glucose give the maximum rate of this component of pumping as 0.59 x 10(6) molecules s-1 cell-1. The ratio of ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein at 37 and 25 degrees C is 4.6. Appropriating this ratio for pumping, maximum one-way efflux at 37 degrees C is 4.6 x 0.59 = 2.7 x 10(6) molecules s-1 cell-1, a turnover number of 1.4 s-1. The vinblastine-stimulated ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein has a turnover number of 3.5 s-1 at 37 degrees C, giving 2.8 molecules of ATP hydrolyzed for every vinblastine molecule transported in a particular direction. These calculations involve several approximations, but turnover numbers for pumping of vinblastine and for vinblastine-stimulated ATP hydrolysis are comparable. Thus, ATP hydrolysis is probably directly linked to drug transport by P-glycoprotein.
Association Between Sulfotransferase 1A1 Genotype and Survival of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Tamoxifen Therapy (2002)

Sulfation of 4-OH TAM provides a previously unanticipated benefit, possibly due to alterations in the bioavailability of the active metabolite or to undefined estrogen receptor-mediated events. These data alternatively suggest that variability in the metabolism of tamoxifen may affect its efficacy.
A 10k-Cycling Reliable 90nm Logic NVM "eCFlash" (Embedded CMOS Flash) Technology (2011)

This paper describes a 90nm Logic NVM "eCFlash", which can be embedded in standard CMOS process without any mask adder and any process modification. In the eCFlash element, the charge is stored in the side spacer region of CMOS transistor, consequently its charge loss process is not influenced by the leakage current through the gate oxide and surface leakage current on the side spacer, which is the most serious charge loss issues of the conventional single poly type floating gate NVM. It is shown that the intrinsic retention capability of 90nm eCFlash element is more than 10 years at 125C after 10k cycling.
Formal specification for role based access control user/role and role/role relationship management (1998)

Role Based Access Control (RBAC), an access control mechanism, reduces the cost of administering access control policies as well as making the process less error-prone. The Admin Tool developed for the NIST RBAC Model manages user/role and role/role relationships stored in the RBAC Database. This paper presents a formal specification of the RBAC Database and Admin Tool operations. Consistency requirements for the RBAC Database are defined as a set of properties. Alternative properties, substantially simpler to verify in an implementation, are shown to be equivalent. In addition, the paper defines the semantics of Admin Tool operations, and shows that, given a consistent RBAC Database and an operation which meets specified conditions, the RBAC Database remains consistent after the operation is performed.
Characterization of Na-Based Electrodes for Electrochemical Cells (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Experimentally demonstrated filters based on guided resonance of photonic-crystal films (2005)

We demonstrate a guided resonance filter based on photonic crystals (PhCs), which are fabricated in a high-permittivity material. The resulting spectra from a three-dimensional analysis of the structure and experimental measurement results show sharp dips and flattop transmissions. These provide promising properties in constructing sensitive and compact wavelength-selective devices, such as wavelength-division multiplexers.
Age-related skeletal muscle dysfunction: causes and mechanisms. (2008)

Age-related muscle weakening may ultimately result in the transition from an independent to a dependent life-style. The decline in muscle strength is larger than expected from the loss of muscle mass. Single fibre studies and in vitro motility assays indicate that part of the muscle dysfunction is due to modifications of the myosin molecule. A lower rate of protein turnover may increase the chance of post-translational modifications such as oxidation and glycation. The impaired regenerative capacity of old muscles is related to a lower differentiation capacity of myosatellite cells, which is most likely due to altered transcriptional activity of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). However, old myosatellite cells can be rejuvenated when exposed to serum from young individuals. This indicates that alterations in the environment of the satellite cells or circulating substances play an important role in impaired differentiation capacity of satellite cells in old age. It is proposed that systemic inflammation may be that factor. Indeed, the inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor-alpha: 1) impairs transcriptional regulation by MRFs, 2) suppresses myosatellite cell differentiation and 3) induces apoptosis. Moreover, muscle mass, strength and the response to strength training in old age are all inversely related to the degree of systemic inflammation.
The ratio of Matriptase/HAI-1mRNA is higher in colorectal cancer adenomas and carcinomas than corresponding tissue from control individuals (2006)

Our results show that dysregulation of the matriptase/HAI-1 mRNA ratio occurs early during carcinogenesis. Future studies are required to clarify whether the dysregulated matriptase/HAI-1 ratio was causing the malignant progression or is a consequence of the same.
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>‐Symmetrical Thiodigalactoside Bis‐Benzamido Derivatives as High‐Affinity Inhibitors of Galectin‐3: Efficient Lectin Inhibition through Double Arginine–Arene Interactions (2005)

Inhibitors of galectin-3, which has been implicated in cancer- and immunity-related processes, can be synthesized from thiodigalactoside derivatives with aromatic amide substituents at both C3 positions (see structure). Dissociation constant (Kd) values as low as 33 nM have been obtained. Computer modeling suggests that such high affinity stems from double arginine–arene stacking interactions. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z500627_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Internetsucht - eine konstruktionistische Einzelfallstudie (2003)

'Der Beitrag analysiert Internetsucht als ein aktuelles soziales Problem, das seit Mitte der neunziger Jahre - wie in vielen Industriestaaten - auch in Deutschland Karriere gemacht hat. Im Kontext des Kokonmodells sozialer Probleme werden der soziale Sachverhalt, die Problemgeschichte, das Problemmuster, die kollektiven Akteure und ihre Diskursstrategien, Alternativdeutungen und Gegendiskurse sowie die Rolle verschiedener Öffentlichkeiten empirisch untersucht. Die auf den ersten Blick recht typische Karriere einer Problemwahrnehmung weist bei näherer Betrachtung zwei Besonderheiten auf, die das Problem auch modelltheoretisch interessant machen: die aktive Rolle von Betroffenen und die herausragende Bedeutung der Netzwerkmedien bei der Verbreitung der Problemwahrnehmung. Eine Analyse dieser - miteinander zusammenhängenden - Eigentümlichkeiten zeigt, dass wir es bei der Internetsucht mit einer Problemwahrnehmung zu tun haben, die ihre erfolgreiche Karriere gerade den sozialen Praxen verdankt, die selbst Gegenstand ihrer kritischen Thematisierung sind.' (Autorenreferat)
Living on the edge: rapid-toggling probes with cross-modification on x86 (2016)

Dynamic probe injection is now a widely used method to debug performance in production. Current techniques for dynamic probing of native code, however, rely on an expensive stop-the-world approach: binary changes are made within a safe state of the program---typically in which all the program threads are halted---to ensure that another thread executing the modified code region doesn't step into a partially-modified code. Stop-the-world patching is not scalable. In contrast, low overhead, scalable probes that can be rapidly toggled on and off in-place would open up new use cases for statistical profilers and language implementations, even traditional ahead-of-time, native-code compilers. In this paper we introduce safe cross-modification protocols that mutate x86 code between threads but do not require quiescing threads, resulting in radically lower overheads than existing solutions. A key problem is handling instructions that straddle cache lines. We empirically evaluate existing x86 architectures to derive a safe policy given current processor behavior, and we argue that future architectures should clarify the semantics of instruction fetching to make cheap cross-modification easier and future proof.
A 3D Constrained Optimization Smoother to Post-process Quadrilateral Meshes for Body-in-white (2016)

Finite element analyses of 3D quadrilateral meshes for automotive body-in-white panels have stringent mesh quality requirements. Several mesh quality metrics, namely element included angles, minimum Jacobian determinant, skew, taper, warp, aspect ratio, minimum element length etc. need to be within acceptable limits. No constitutive relations exist that can tie all these parameters to a single metric that mesh post-processing can target. In the paper presented, a 3D optimization smoothing algorithm is proposed based on element included angles with the constraints of a minimum edge length and geometry fidelity envelope. A complex cost-function is set up for each element based on included element angle at the element corners. Element angle perturbation methods are devised to exercise local control on included angles of quadrilateral and mixed meshes. A minimization principle is worked out to reduce the cost function to an acceptable limit. Goal proximity is defined by acceptable error norms and ranges. Mesh nodes are repositioned iteratively but bound by a geometry fidelity envelope apart from the minimum element edge length constraint. Striking improvement in mesh quality statistics is reported with reasonably monotonic solution convergence patterns.
Investigation of molybdenum-44.5%rhenium as cell wall material in an AMTEC based space power system (2000)

A new generation of radioisotope space power systems based on AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal to Electrical Conversion) technology is presently being developed. The future application of this technology, as the electrical power system for outer planet deep space missions, is ultimately dependent on it being robust enough to withstand the mission’s operational environments (high temperatures, dynamic loadings, long mission durations etc). One of the critical material selections centers on the cell wall whose physical and chemical properties must provide it with sufficient strength and material compatibility to successfully complete the mission. Niobium-1%zirconium has been selected as the baseline cell wall material with a molybdenum/rhenium alloy being the cell wall backup material. While these refractory materials have been commercially available for a number of years, several of their physical and mechanical properties have not been completely characterized especially within the expected operating parameters of an AMTEC based space power system. Additional characterization of the selected refractory alloys was initiated by fabricating mechanical test specimens out of ∼0.5 mm (0.020″) thick sheets of material. Test specimens were heat treated at 1073K and 1198K for up to 150 hours under an argon cover gas containing small concentrations of oxygen. Room temperature and high temperature (1073K/1198K) mechanical tests were performed to determine the effect of time, temperature, and atmosphere on the mechanical properties of the refractory alloys. In addition, since the fabrication of AMTEC cell walls requires the welding of sheet material into a cylindrical shape, preliminary electron beam welding studies were performed. Comparison of the various test results obtained on Mo-44.5%Re and Nb-1%Zr samples are discussed.
Wearable near-infrared optical probe for continuous monitoring during breast cancer neoadjuvant chemotherapy infusions (2017)

We present a new continuous-wave wearable diffuse optical probe aimed at investigating the hemodynamic response of locally advanced breast cancer patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy infusions. The system consists of a flexible printed circuit board that supports an array of six dual wavelength surface-mount LED and photodiode pairs. The probe is encased in a soft silicone housing that conforms to natural breast shape. Probe performance was evaluated using tissue-simulating phantoms and in vivo normal volunteer measurements. High SNR (71 dB), low source-detector crosstalk ( ? 60 ?? dB ), high measurement precision (0.17%), and good thermal stability (0.22% V rms / ° C ) were achieved in phantom studies. A cuff occlusion experiment was performed on the forearm of a healthy volunteer to demonstrate the ability to track rapid hemodynamic changes. Proof-of-principle normal volunteer measurements were taken to demonstrate the ability to collect continuous in vivo breast measurements. This wearable probe is a first of its kind tool to explore prognostic hemodynamic changes during chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.
[Review of] StevenJ. Gold. Refugee Communities: A Comparative Field Study (1993)

This fascinating and insightful book is a comparative ethnographic study of Vietnamese and Soviet Jewish refugees. While a voluminous refugee and immigrant literature exists, much research follows a narrow, policy-driven focus rather than an independent academic tradition. Authors also tend to concentrate on specific ethnic groups rather than examining parallels or contrasts between groups. Gold, however, asks the broader question of how refugees create ethnic communities which facilitate "accomodation [accommodation] without assimilation" (Gibson 1988). In the process of comparison, he produces novel conclusions as well as hypotheses for further testing.
Defect formation in III&#x2013;V fin grown by aspect ratio trapping technique: A first-principles study (2014)

First-principles investigations are used to study the formation of defects in III-V fins grown using the aspect ratio trapping technique. We show that, during the growth of the III-V, the formation of intermediate chemical states with the precursors leads to the creation of in-diffused Mg/Zn and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> sub-oxide. Our prediction is consistent with the experimental observations. These defect formations could be at the origin of the degradation of the electrical reliability of III-V fin-shaped field-effect transistors and the cause of the increasing difficulties met in the fabrication of III-V fin.