gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring Gulf Stream Transport by Radar Altimeter and Inverted Echo Sounders (1994)

Profiles of the Gulf Stream sea surface height (SSH) from the Geosat altimeter were compared with thermocline depth measurements from inverted echo sounders (IES) for a period of about 19 months. The correlation between SSH anomalies and thermocline depth anomalies at about 68°W was 0.92. The correlation between the jet centers from the two types of measurements was 0.97, and the correlation between the amplitudes of the error functions was 0.76. Although the altimeter measures surface geostrophic velocity, the high degree of vertical correlation in the Gulf Stream velocity profiles allows the altimeter to monitor transport fluctuations, as well as changes in jet position. The authors suggest that a correlation between the height difference across the Gulf Stream and the jet position between 48° and 65°W reflects large-scale changes in the structure of the recirculation gyres. -from Authors
Interactions between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces on microscopic scale and the influence of air bubbles as observed by scanning force microscopy in aqueous and alcoholic mediums (2000)

In the present study interactions between hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were studied on a microscopic scale by using scanning force microscopy (SFM). Gold-coated surfaces were chemically modified to be hydrophobic or hydrophilic by self-assembly monolayers based on thiols with different end-groups (COOH,CH3). The adhesion forces between hydrophilic tips and hydrophilic or hydrophobic surfaces were measured in water/ethanol mixtures by recording force-distance curves. The measurements in water/ethanol mixtures show an increase of the adhesion forces due to the increase of the water content. The observed inter actions are of short range within few nm. In some force-distance curves with hydrophobic tips a stepping in the retracting part was observed which could be attributed to air bubbles in the vicinity of the tip-surface junction.
IL-6 expression predicts treatment response and outcome in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus (2013)

IL-6 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with esophageal cancer. Targeting this cytokine could be a promising strategy for treatment of esophageal cancer, as evidenced by inhibition of aggressive tumor behavior and treatment resistance.
Troponin-Tropomyosin Complex (1974)

By means of new or modified procedures troponin-tropomyosin complex was fractionated into three components plus tropomyosin, and then reconstituted in the absence of urea.Tropomyosin was separated from troponin by hydroxyapatite column chromatography, a method giving sharper separation than the previously used technique of isoelectric precipitation.The chromatography also separated the tropomyosin into two fractions.One gave a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and the other a double band; and the complete absence of proline suggested that each was a different form of pure tropomyosin.Troponins I, T, and C were separated by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in 6 M urea as previously, but the separation was found to be much improved if the troponin was treated with a CaZ+ chelator before being applied to the column.The activity of the troponin fractions was assayed at varying ratios to actin both with and without tropomyosin present.It was found that near physiologic ratios to actin, either the combination of troponin I plus tropomyosin or troponin I plus troponin T inhibited the acto-heavy meromyosin ATPase.However, in both cases when troponin C, which is necessary for Ca2+ sensitivity, was added, the inhibition was reversed not only in the presence but also in the absence of Ca2+.Only when both troponin T and tropomyosin were present in addition to troponin I and C did inhibition occur in the absence but not in the presence of Ca2+.We therefore conclude first, that if troponin T is present tropomyosin may not be required for inhibition by troponin I at physiologic ratios to actin, second, that all three components plus tropomyosin are necessary to restore full Ca*+ sensitivity, and third, that this reconstitution can be accomplished by combining the individual components in the absence of urea.
Highly accurate fast methods for extraction and sparsification of substrate coupling based on low-rank approximation (2002)

More aggressive design practices have created renewed interest in techniques for analyzing substrate coupling problems. Most previous work has focused primarily on faster techniques for extracting coupling resistances, but has offered little help for reducing the resulting resistance matrix, whose number of nonzero entries grows quadratically with the number of contacts. Wavelet-like methods have been applied to sparsifying the resistance matrix representing the substrate coupling, but the accuracy of the method is very sensitive to the particulars of the contact layout. In this paper we show that for the substrate problem it is possible to improve considerably on the wavelet-like methods by making use of the algorithmic structure common to the fast multipole and wavelet-like algorithms, but making judicious use of low-rank approximations. The approach, motivated by the hierarchical SVD algorithm, can achieve more than an order of magnitude better accuracy for commensurate sparsity, or can achieve much better sparsity at commensurate accuracy, when compared to the wavelet-like algorithm.
Organization of the middle RNA segment of snowshoe hare Bunyavirus. (1988)

The genetic organization of the M RNA segment of snowshoe hare (SSH) virus, a member of the Bunyavirus genus of the family Bunyaviridae, has been determined. The middle (M) RNA segment has a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1441 amino acids. We have used amino- and carboxy-terminus sequencing and synthetic peptides to map proteins within the ORF. The order of the proteins translated from the single large open reading frame is G2, NSm, G1. The G2 protein extends from amino acids 14 to 299. The molecule is 286 residues long, with a computed nonglycosylated molecular weight of 31,973 Da. It is preceded by a cleaved 13 amino acid signal sequence. G2 includes a long highly hydrophobic sequence and contains three potential N-linked glycosylation sites. The G1 protein occupies the C-terminal end of the open reading frame from amino acids 474 to 1441 (968 amino acid residues) and has a computed nonglycosylated, molecular weight of 108,981 kDa. It has two potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and a potential transmembrane region followed by a potential cytoplasmic domain at the C-terminal end. If membrane associated it has an orientation of N-terminus outer, C-terminus inner. Limited trypsin digestion removes a 33-kDa fragment from the N-terminal end, leaving a virion-associated truncated G1 molecule (amino acids 762 to 1441) with a single N-linked glycosylation site. Between the G2 and G1 molecules there are 174 amino acids, sufficient to code for 19 kDa of protein. Some antibodies raised against peptides within this region react with proteins of 11 kDa (NSm) and 10 kDa present in infected cell lysates, but the exact relationship of these proteins to the open reading frame remains to be determined.
Differential interactions of decorin and decorin mutants with type I and type VI collagens (2004)

The small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin can bind via its core protein to different types of collagens such as type I and type VI. To test whether decorin can act as a bridging molecule between these collagens, the binding properties of wild-type decorin, two full-length decorin species with single amino acid substitutions (DCN E180K, DCN E180Q), which previously showed reduced binding to collagen type I fibrils, and a truncated form of decorin (DCN Q153) to the these collagens were investigated. In a solid phase assay dissociation constants for wild-type decorin bound to methylated, therefore monomeric, triple helical type I collagen were in the order of 10(-10) m, while dissociation constants for fibrillar type I collagen were approximately 10(-9) m. The dissociation constant for type VI was approximately 10(-7) m. Using real-time analysis for a more detailed investigation DCN E180Q and DCN E180K exhibited lower association and higher dissociation constants to type I collagen, compared to wild-type decorin, deviating by at least one order of magnitude. In contrast, the affinities of these mutants to type VI collagen were 10 times higher than the affinity of wild-type decorin (K(D) approximately 10(-8) m). Further investigations verified that complexes of type VI collagen and decorin bound type I collagen and that the affinity of collagen type VI to type I was increased by the presence of decorin. These data show that decorin not only can regulate collagen fibril formation but that it also can act as an intermediary between type I and type VI collagen and that these two types of collagen interact via different binding sites.
The Accuracy of 6D SLAM using the AIS 3D Laser Scanner (2006)

Automatic sensing of the environment is a fundamental scientific issue in robotics, since it is essential for autonomous mobile robot systems. In previous works, we presented a 6D SLAM algorithm which is based on the spatial data from the AIS 3D laser scanner and a variant of the iterative closest points algorithm (ICP). In this paper we focused on the reachable accuracy of the whole approach and therefore performed several ground truth experiments. We will show that the 6D SLAM algorithm can compensate for erroneous data of the 3D laser scanner, at least in a limited range. Furthermore we will discuss different aspects which influences the accuracy of our approach
Direction of Gaze while Walking a Simple Route: Persons with Normal Vision and Persons with Retinitis Pigmentosa (2001)

Persons with advanced vision impairment as a result of RP visually sample the environment in a manner different from persons with normal vision.
Luteinizing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin: Origins of difference (2013)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are widely recognized for their roles in ovulation and the support of early pregnancy. Aside from the timing of expression, however, the differences between LH and hCG have largely been overlooked in the clinical realm because of their similar molecular structures and shared receptor. With technologic advancements, including the development of highly purified and recombinant gonadotropins, researchers now appreciate that these hormones are not as interchangeable as once believed. Although they bind to a common receptor, emerging evidence suggests that LH and hCG have disparate effects on downstream signaling cascades. Increased understanding of the inherent differences between LH and hCG will foster more effective diagnostic and prognostic assays for use in a variety of clinical contexts and support the individualization of treatment strategies for conditions such as infertility.
Serum lipoprotein accumulation in the livers of orotic acid-fed rats (1971)

This study provides confirmation of previous observations that showed that rats fed a diet containing 1% orotic acid for 7 days develop a fatty liver and that there is an inhibition of the secretion of low density lipoproteins without altering general liver protein synthesis. Accumulated fat droplets (liposomes) are entrapped within rough endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. In this study, these vesicles have been shown to accumulate the apolipoproteins of low and very low density lipoproteins. Inhibition of lipoprotein secretion was demonstrated by perfusion of livers from orotic acid-fed rats with a serum-free medium. Liposomes were isolated from these rats. Partially delipidated liposomes, but not similarly treated microsomes or cell sap, were found to form a precipitation line when reacted against anti-low density lipoprotein antiserum. Detergent solubilization of the liposome followed by density gradient centrifugation resulted in a peak at d 1.025 g/ml containing both lipid and protein. Acrylamide electrophoresis in 8 m urea after total delipidation demonstrated liposomal bands which coelectrophoresed with three of four very low density lipoprotein bands; there was no band corresponding to the very low density lipoprotein band which travels furthest in acrylamide electrophoregrams. However, acrylamide electrophoresis of the apoproteins of serum high density lipoprotein from orotic acid-fed animals revealed the presence of the latter band. The results indicate that liver liposomes from orotic acid-fed rats apparently contain the low density apoprotein and probably several other very low density lipoprotein peptides.
Waist Circumference and All-Cause Mortality in a Large US Cohort (2010)

These results emphasize the importance of WC as a risk factor for mortality in older adults, regardless of BMI.
Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase leads to elevation of O-GlcNAc tau and reduction of tauopathy and cerebrospinal fluid tau in rTg4510 mice (2017)

The present study demonstrates that chronic inhibition of OGA reduces pathological tau in the brain and total tau in the CSF of rTg4510 mice, most likely by directly increasing O-GlcNAcylation of tau and thereby maintaining tau in the soluble, non-toxic form by reducing tau aggregation and the accompanying panoply of deleterious post-translational modifications. These results clarify some conflicting observations regarding the effects and mechanism of OGA inhibition on tau pathology, provide pharmacodynamic tools to guide human dosing and identify CSF total tau as a potential translational biomarker. Therefore, this study provides additional support to develop OGA inhibitors as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative tauopathies.
Clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (2020)

The clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and related symptomatic conditions were revised by updating our previous guidelines. The current guidelines define interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome as a condition with chronic pelvic pain, pressure or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by other urinary symptoms, such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency in the absence of confusable diseases. The characteristic symptom complex is collectively referred as hypersensitive bladder symptoms. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is divided into Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome represent interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome with Hunner lesions and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesions, respectively. So-called non-Hunner-type interstitial cystitis featured by glomerulations or bladder bleeding after distension is included in bladder pain syndrome. The symptoms are virtually indistinguishable between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; however, Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome should be considered as a separate entity of disorder. Histopathology totally differs between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner-type interstitial cystitis is associated with severe inflammation of the urinary bladder accompanied by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and urothelial denudation, whereas bladder pain syndrome shows little pathological changes in the bladder. Pathophysiology would also differ between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome, involving interaction of multiple factors, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, infection, exogenous substances, urothelial dysfunction, neural hyperactivity and extrabladder disorders. The patients should be treated differently based on the diagnosis of Hunner-type interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome, which requires cystoscopy to determine the presence or absence Hunner lesions. Clinical studies are to be designed to analyze outcomes separately for Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome.
The placenta in meconium staining: lesions and early neonatal outcome. (2000)

Subacute and chronic meconium discharge is associated with significant placental lesions and an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in the immediate neonatal period.
Linear Polyethyleneimine: Optimized Synthesis and Characterization – On the Way to “Pharmagrade” Batches (2011)

Abstract The synthesis of linear polyethyleneimine (LPEI) by acidic hydrolysis of poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) is studied and optimized to reach the highest degree of hydrolysis within the shortest time range using a microwave synthesizer. In addition, the purification procedure is significantly improved; the fast batch processing combined with an excellent control of the actual heating time represents a well‐suited alternative to the conventional synthesis on the way to “pharmagrade” PEI. The developed protocol for the preparation of methyl and proton‐initiated LPEIs shows a high reproducibility, and the identity and purity of the LPEIs is proven by means of 1 H NMR and IR spectroscopy as well as MALDI‐TOF‐ and ESI‐Q‐TOF‐MS. magnified image
Análisis de la evolución de la regulación (2011)

El tema que me ha tocado abordar, pertenece al Derecho Familiar, rama del derecho que considero autonoma del Derecho civil, pero no obstante, sigue siendo considerada inmersa dentro de su rama materna, y es precisamente la figura juridica denominada PATRIA POTESTAD.
Embedded morphological dilation coding for 2D and 3D images (2002)

Current wavelet-based image coders obtain high performance thanks to the identification and the exploitation of the statistical properties of natural images in the transformed domain. Zerotree-based algorithms, as Embedded Zerotree Wavelets (EZW) and Set Partitioning In Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT), offer high Rate-Distortion (RD) coding performance and low computational complexity by exploiting statistical dependencies among insignificant coefficients on hierarchical subband structures. Another possible approach tries to predict the clusters of significant coefficients by means of some form of morphological dilation. An example of a morphology-based coder is the Significance-Linked Connected Component Analysis (SLCCA) that has shown performance which are comparable to the zerotree-based coders but is not embedded. A new embedded bit-plane coder is proposed here based on morphological dilation of significant coefficients and context based arithmetic coding. The algorithm is able to exploit both intra-band and inter-band statistical dependencies among wavelet significant coefficients. Moreover, the same approach is used both for two and three-dimensional wavelet-based image compression. Finally we the algorithms are tested on some 2D images and on a medical volume, by comparing the RD results to those obtained with the state-of-the-art wavelet-based coders.
CD19+CD21low B cells and patients at risk for NIH-defined chronic graft-versus-host disease with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (2013)

Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), pathognomonic for chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) of the lung, is a progressive and often fatal complication after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Biomarkers for the prediction and diagnosis of BOS are urgently needed to improve patients' prognosis. We prospectively evaluated B-cell subpopulations and B-cell activating factor (BAFF) in 136 patients (46 BOS, 41 no cGVHD, 49 cutaneous cGVHD) to define novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of National Institutes of Health-defined BOS diagnosed a median of 11 mo after HCT. Patients with newly diagnosed BOS had significantly higher percentages of CD19(+)CD21(low) B cells (25.5 versus 6.6%, P < .0001), BAFF (7.3 versus 3.5 ng/mL, P = .02), and BAFF/CD19(+) ratio (0.18 versus 0.02 ng/10(3) CD19(+) B cells, P 5 .007) compared with patients without cGVHD. The area under the receiver operating curve for CD19(+)CD21(low) B cells was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.94-0.99) and a cutoff point >9% was optimal for diagnosing BOS in patients with first drop of pulmonary function tests with a sensitivity of 96% and a negative predictive value of 94%. Thus, elevated levels of CD19(+)CD21(low) B cells are a potential novel biomarker for HCT patients at risk for developing BOS at an early stage and could allow improvement of patient outcome.
Probabilistic Models of Consumer Buying Behavior (1964)

Does it make sense to classify consumers as users and nonusers? As heavy and light users? As users of brand X rather than brand Y? Do American consumers fit into such neat categories? Or is it likely that their brand choice behavior is more subtle, less susceptible to exact categorization? This article shows how traditional, static approaches are inadequate for predicting consumer behavior. It offers an alternative: the dynamic, probabilistic approach which can sharpen analysis and yield better predictive models.
Photonic-band-structure calculation of material possessing Kerr nonlinearity (1995)

A technique for calculating the photonic band structure of a photonic crystal possessing Kerr nonlinearity and a calculation for a two-dimensional system that shows shifting of the band gap due to the nonlinearity are presented.
Capillary Electrophoresis Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Nongel Sieving Analysis of a Therapeutic Recombinant Monoclonal Antibody:  A Biotechnology Perspective (1999)

With the increasing interest in the therapeutic use of recombinant monoclonal antibodies (rMAbs), a generic analytical approach for the analysis of size-based rMAb variants is desired. Such a method using capillary electrophoresis (CE) with laser-induced fluorescence detection is described. The assay was developed as a replacement for silver-stained SDS-PAGE and was validated according to the guidelines of the International Committee on Harmonization for use in routine lot release testing of a rMAb pharmaceutical. In this assay, the rMAb solution is first derivatized with a neutral fluorophore, e.g., 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester. The labeled sample is then incubated with SDS, and the SDS-protein complexes are then separated by CE using a hydrophilic polymer as a sieving matrix. The precolumn labeling conditions described in this study allowed the detection of rMAb at a low-nanomolar concentration (9 ng/mL), with no apparent loss in resolution or changes to the distribution of rMAb analyte species, when compared to an unlabeled sample. In addition, the traditional practice of heating proteins at elevated temperatures in the presence of SDS to facilitate SDS-protein binding resulted in the generation of significant levels of rMAb fragmentation, and alternative conditions to minimize this artifact are discussed. Illustrations of the uses of this assay in monitoring consistency of bulk manufacture of a protein pharmaceutical, and in providing a size-based separation of product-related variants, as well as nonproduct impurities are shown. In brief, the assay described in this paper demonstrated comparable resolution and sensitivity to silver-stained SDS-PAGE but offered the advantages of enhanced precision and robustness, speed, ease of use, and on-line detection.