gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On accessing object-oriented databases: expressive power, complexity, and restrictions (1989)

A formal framework for studying the expressive power and complexity of OODB queries is developed. Three approaches to modeling sets are articulated and compared. The class of regular OODB schemas supports the explicit representation of set-valued types. Using an object-based semantics for sets, the regular schemas correspond to most implemented OODB systems in the literature; a value-based semantics for sets is also introduced. Without restrictions, both of these approaches support the specification of all computable queries. Assuming that the new operator is prohibited, the query language of the regular OODB schemas under the object-based semantics is complete in PSPACE; and under the value-based semantics it has hyper-exponential complexity. The third approach to modeling sets is given by the algebraic OODB model, in which multi-valued attributes rather than set-valued types are supported. method implementations can use operators stemming from the relational algebra, and do not have side-effects. The query language of algebraic OODBs is more powerful than the relational algebra but has complexity bounded by PTIME. The expressive power and complexity of data access for other variations of OODBs are also considered. Finally, a new relational query language, called algebra + pointwise recursion , is introduced. This is equivalent to the algebraic OODB language, and can compute generalized transitive closure.
Mobile encryption for laptop data protection (MELP) (2012)

Based on the advances in laptop technologies and the mobility characteristics, laptops have become a vital device used at various places. Usually, numerous sensitive files such as credit card numbers and Web cookies are stored on laptops for convenient usage. However, if a laptop is stolen, the data stored on it is easily leaked; which may cause serious consequences. Encrypting files by encryption keys is a general solution; however, if the decryption keys are also stored on laptops, the files can also be decrypted by adversaries easily. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the Mobile Encryption for Laptop data Protection (MELP) system. MELP includes the design of an online server and mobile phone, and encrypts each sensitive file by a file system encryption key, which is further sequentially encrypted twice by the phone's and server's encryption keys. The reason of adopting a mobile phone is that at least one simple confirmation of execution must be performed by a user, and the reason of adopting an online server is that if both user's laptop and mobile phone are stolen, users can still disable the online decryption process on the server.
A METHOD FOR THE DETERMINING OF BREATH ALCOHOL WITH MULTIFRACT (GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY) (1981)

This paper describes an apparatus which can collect breath in evacuated gc ampoules. It will then be possible to analyse the gas phase of these samples of these gc ampoules on ethyl alcohol and other volatile organic components in breath with multifract of Perkin-Elmer. The analysis of the data obtained is made by the interior standard method with a sufficient exactness. The differences of comparative measurements under various conditions between the breath alcohol apparatus alcytron (draeger) and our own apparatus are discussed. Comparative test studies of breath alcohol and blood alcohol with test persons are conducted. (TRRL)
<b>Priming differentially regulates neutrophil adhesion molecule expression/function</b> (1996)

Lung injury in a variety of disease states is critically dependent on neutrophil-mediated inflammatory responses. Neutrophil recruitment to sites of infection or tissue damage requires co-ordinated regulation of neutrophil adhesion and activation status. We have examined the effects of treatment of human peripheral blood neutrophils with priming agents [lipopolysaccharide (LPS). tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and platelet-activating factor (PAF)] upon expression of CD11a. CD11b. CD11c. CD35 and CD62-1 and CD11b function to assess whether subtle regulation of neutrophil adhesion potential accompanies augmented formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide production. We have found that there are differential effects of priming concentrations of these agents. For LPS. CD62L loss occurs in the absence of changes in CD11b, whereas for PAF. CD11b up-regulation occurs in the absence of detectable loss of CD62-L. However, for TNF-2, decreased expression of CD62-L occurs concomitantly with increased expression of CD11b. In addition, we have shown that priming agents augment CD11b functional activity in a manner that parallels the priming of the respiratory burst. Thus, priming agents may differentially regulate neutrophil adhesive capacity and data presented in this manuscript suggest that the increased effector cell function observed in primed cells may be associated with a distinct repertoire of potential adhesive interactions.
Development, Installation, and Operating Results of a Steam Injection System (STIG™) in a General Electric LM5000 Gas Generator (1987)

This paper describes the first full-scale field test of a steam injection system for a natural-gas-fired G.E. LM5000 gas generator for the purpose of: (a) decreased exhaust emissions, (b) increased power output, and (c) improved efficiency. It discusses the steam supply system, engine features, test results, and plant economics for steam injection into the combustor and compressor discharge sections of the LM5000 at rates up to 65,000 lb/hr (29,510 kg/hr).
Monitoring computer users' behaviour in office environments* (1988)

Abstract Monitoring computer users' behaviour to enhance the usability of software has become increasingly popular among the developers of computer products. One objective of this paper is to compare the use of a software monitoring technique with other field observation methods. It is argued that when contrasted against traditional observation techniques, the software monitor provides a more accurate and unobtrusive approach to collecting behavioural data on larger samples of individuals for longer periods of time than either participant observation or Thinking Aloud methodologies. A second objective is to demonstrate the application of software monitors on installed multi-user systems. Technical aspects of software monitor design are discussed, with emphasis on specific practical problems in monitor design and utilization when making the transition from the laboratory to an office environment. Data from two studies are presented. The first illustrates how a software monitor can be used to determine the impact and acceptance of various software packages in an integrated office automation product. The second study examines how software monitor data were used to modify the interface to a specific electronic mail facility.
Thermal Management for 3D Processors via Task Scheduling (2008)

A rising horizon in chip fabrication is the 3D integration technology. It stacks two or more dies vertically with a dense, high-speed interface to increase the device density and reduce the delay of interconnects across the dies. However, a major challenge in 3D technology is the increased power density which brings the concern of heat dissipation within the processor. High temperatures trigger voltage and frequency throttlings in hardware which degrade the chip performance. Moreover, high temperatures impair the processorpsilas reliability and reduce its lifetime. To alleviate this problem, we propose in this paper an OS-level scheduling algorithm that performs thermal-aware task scheduling on a 3D chip. Our algorithm leverages the inherent thermal variations within and across different tasks, and schedules them to keep the chip temperature low. We observed that vertically adjacent dies have strong thermal correlations, and the scheduler should consider them jointly. Our proposed algorithm can remove on average 54% of hardware DTMs and result in 7.2% performance improvement over the base case.
A 20Gb/s full-rate linear CDR circuit with automatic frequency acquisition (2009)

A linear CDR circuit manifests itself in easy modeling and minimal activity on phase adjustment under locked condition. However, linear PDs face a speed limitation at around 10 Gb/s, primarily because of the required pulsewidth comparison and finite flip-flop CK-to-Q delay. Parallelism could relax the stringent speed requirement, but it also introduces other issues such as clock skews and jitters. Frequency acquisition without an external reference such as Pottbacker FD and other similar approaches require quadrature clocks, potentially leading to higher phase noise as well. This paper presents the design and analysis of a 20 Gb/s full-rate CDR circuit in 90 nm CMOS, which completely eliminates the conventional issues by using an alternative linear PD structure and a referenceless FD with automaticity.
Redox Catalysis Facilitates Lignin Depolymerization (2017)

Lignin is a recalcitrant and underexploited natural feedstock for aromatic commodity chemicals, and its degradation generally requires the use of high temperatures and harsh reaction conditions. Herein we present an ambient temperature one-pot process for the controlled oxidation and depolymerization of this potent resource. Harnessing the potential of electrocatalytic oxidation in conjugation with our photocatalytic cleavage methodology, we have developed an operationally simple procedure for selective fragmentation of β-O-4 bonds with excellent mass recovery, which provides a unique opportunity to expand the existing lignin usage from energy source to commodity chemicals and synthetic building block source.
Design Of A Demand Response System: Economics And Information Systems Alignment (2013)

The lack of real-time pricing in many retail electricity markets requires implementation of a response mechanism for curtailing demand, particularly during peak load periods. Following a review of transaction cost economics and an analysis of options available, a market based on the exchange of consumption rights is suggested as an alternative to the commonly used hierarchical methods of demand response management. The implementation of smart metering and wireless communication creates the conditions for establishing such a market. Information systems will be required to collect real-time metering data for forecasting demand and monitoring use at the customer and utility grid level, to operate a real-time consumption rights market, to automate individual curtailment plans, and to support market makers to create marketable parcels. The potential outcome is an efficient marketbased system for curtailing demand during peaks and thus avoiding the use of expensive reserve generators that are often high emitters of greenhouse gases and other pollutants.
Neuromuscular Stimulation for Motor Neuroprosthesis in Hemiplegia (2000)

Functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) is defined as the use of electrical stimulation to activate paralyzed or paretic muscles in precise sequence and intensity to assist in the performance of activities of daily living (ADL). Devices or systems that provide FNS are also appropriately called neuroprostheses because they substitute for lost muscle function due to paralysis. The focus of this article is to review the development of neuroprostheses systems for hemiplegia. The physiology of neuromuscular stimulation and the evolution of FNS system components and designs are reviewed. The clinical implementation of FNS for the hemiplegia population will be discussed with respect to upper and lower extremity applications. Clinically deployed hand neuroprostheses systems are now available for the tetraplegia population. Thus, it is reasonable to transfer this technology to the hemiplegia population. However, the development of hand neuroprostheses in hemiplegia has been hampered by the significant differences in motor control dysfunction and functional specifications between hemiplegia and tetraplegia. Lower extremity neuroprostheses for the spinal cord injury population has been under development for decades with limited clinical deployment. However, due to the less rigorous technical demands and potential for significant functional yield, the development of lower extremity neuroprostheses systems for hemiplegia should be more aggressively pursued. Perspectives on the future developments and directions are presented.
Deep Structured Models For Group Activity Recognition (2015)

This paper presents a deep neural-network-based hierarchical graphical model for individual and group activity recognition in surveillance scenes. Deep networks are used to recognize the actions of individual people in a scene. Next, a neural-network-based hierarchical graphical model refines the predicted labels for each class by considering dependencies between the classes. This refinement step mimics a message-passing step similar to inference in a probabilistic graphical model. We show that this approach can be effective in group activity recognition, with the deep graphical model improving recognition rates over baseline methods.
<i>Gamma delta</i> T cells down-regulate primary IgE responses in rats to inhaled soluble protein antigens. (1995)

The biologic role and repertoire of cells bearing the gamma delta T cell receptor has not been fully defined. However, their tropism for epithelial microenvironments is recognized and suggests an important role for these cells in immune defense at mucosal tissue surfaces. The study presented below utilizes an experimental model in which repeated exposure of Brown Norway rats to OVA by inhalation induces a state of Ag-specific, IgE isotype-specific "tolerance" via immune deviation. This process seems similar to oral tolerance in the gut. This form of tolerance was adoptively transferred to naive syngeneic recipients by i.p. injection of as few as 10(3) positively selected TCR-gamma delta+ cells from OVA-exposed rats. These TCR-gamma delta+ T-cells are demonstrated to produce high levels of INF-gamma in response to OVA stimulation, and this provides a potential mechanism for the inhibition of Th2 cell proliferation, resulting in suppression of IgE production. The unique potency of these cells in selective suppression of IgE Ab production in response to natural "mucosal" Ag exposure suggests a potentially important role in protection against primary allergic sensitization in vivo.
Locomotion of a biped robot with compliant ankle joints (2002)

Control of a biped robot which has compliant ankle joints is dealt in this paper. Simulated version of a human ankle joint is built using springs and mechanical constraints, which gives a flexibility of joint and compliance against the touching ground. The biped robot with compliant ankle joints proposed here gives a good contact between its sole and the ground and makes foot landing soft. As a result, installing force sensors for measuring the center of gravity of the biped becomes easier. A motor to drive an ankle joint is not needed which makes legs light. However, the control problem becomes more difficult because the torque of the ankle joint to put the biped in a desired walking gait cannot be provided from the compliant ankle joint. To solve this problem, we proposed a dynamic gait modification method by adjusting the position of a hip joint. Simulation results for the mathematical model of the SD-2 biped in the Ohio State University are given to show the validity of the proposed controller.
Biological comparison of wild-type and zidovudine-resistant isolates of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 from the same subjects: susceptibility and resistance to other drugs (1991)

We used a viral endpoint dilution assay to show changes in the proportion of zidovudine (azidothymidine; AZT)-resistant viruses within a heterogeneous mixture of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) quasispecies isolated from patients on long-term AZT therapy. Several HIV-1 isolates, which could replicate in 10 microM AZT, were susceptible to both 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and a novel cytosine analog BCH-189, in which a sulfur atom replaces the 3' carbon of the pentose ring. In certain instances, cross-resistance was seen with 3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxythymidine. Although most strains of AZT-resistant HIV-1 displayed reduced susceptibility to 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine, two strains were identified for which this was not the case.
Potential Distribution on a Carbon‐Based Bifunctional Air Electrode (1982)

The oxygen reduction and evolution potentials on the surface of a carbon‐based bifunctional air electrode were measured over its entire operating lifetime via a fixed multi‐probe technique. Potential mappings were constructed at various operating cycles from experimental data. Measured potentials and their variation were examined as a function of operating cycle and results interpreted in terms of electrolyte penetration through the electrode. Such results are of value in characterizing both the operating and failure modes of this type of structure. Results are discussed.
Decreased left frontal lobe N-acetylaspartate in schizophrenia (1997)

This preliminary study provides support for decreased N-acetylaspartate in the left frontal lobe in schizophrenia and neuronal dysfunction in this brain region.
Butyric monosaccharide ester‐induced cell differentiation and anti‐tumor activity in mice. Importance of their prolonged biological effect for clinical applications in cancer therapy (1991)

The interest of butyric salts is based on their capacity to promote differentiation of malignant cells and inhibition of tumor development. The phenotypic modifications are rapidly reversible and require the continuous presence of butyric salts in the target area, which raises problems for therapeutic applications. We show here that the covalent binding of n-butyric acid on natural polyhydroxylated compounds such as monosaccharides, especially 3- or 6-O-butanoyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-glucofuranose, retains the majority of the biological properties of n-butyric acid. The delayed degradation of these covalent compounds is associated with an improved maintenance of cell differentiation and anti-tumor protection in mice. These butyric complexes thus seem potentially useful for therapeutic applications.
Maximizing Spare Utilization by Virtually Reorganizing Faulty Cache Lines (2010)

Aggressive technology scaling to 45 nm and below introduces serious reliability challenges to the design of microprocessors. Since a large fraction of chip area is devoted to on-chip caches, it is important to protect these SRAM structures against lifetime and manufacture-time failures. Designers typically overprovision caches with additional resources to overcome hard faults. However, static allocation and binding of redundant spares results in low utilization of the extra resources and ultimately limits the number of defects that can be tolerated. This work re-examines the design of process-variation-tolerant on-chip caches with a focus on providing the flexibility and dynamic reconfigurability necessary to tolerate large numbers of defects with modest hardware overhead. Our approach, ZerehCache, virtually reorganizes the cache data array using a permutation network to provide more degrees of freedom for spare allocation. A graph coloring algorithm is used to configure the network and identify the proper mapping of replacement elements. We perform an extensive design space exploration of both L1/L2 caches to identify several Pareto-optimal ZerehCaches. Given these optimal design points, we employ ZerehCache to extend the effective lifetime of the on-chip caches and prevent early lifetime failures. Finally, yield analysis studies performed on a population of 1,000 chips at the 45 nm technology node demonstrated that an L1 design with 16 percent overhead and an L2 design with eight percent area overhead achieve yields of 99 percent and 96 percent, respectively.
The effect of ispaghula (Fybogel and Metamucil) and guar gum on glucose tolerance in man (1984)

The effects of incorporating Fybogel (3.5 and 7 g doses), Metamucil (7 g) or guar gum (2.5 and 14.5 g doses) in a drink containing 50 g glucose on plasma glucose, plasma insulin and gastric emptying were studied in thirty-eight normal volunteers. In addition, the effects of Fybogel (7 g) on glucose tolerance, plasma insulin and gastric emptying were measured in fourteen non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Both doses of guar gum significantly lowered plasma glucose and plasma insulin responses to the oral glucose load in normal subjects, although 14.5 g guar gum did not delay the half-time for gastric emptying. Neither Fybogel nor Metamucil had significant effects on plasma glucose responses in normal subjects. In addition, Fybogel (at either dose) had no significant effects on plasma insulin levels, or on gastric emptying in normal subjects or on plasma glucose and insulin responses in diabetic patients. The viscosity of ispaghula solutions ( Fybogel ) was lower than that of guar gum solutions.
FastPET: Near Real-Time PET Reconstruction from Histo-Images Using a Neural Network (2020)

Direct reconstruction of positron emission tomography (PET) data using deep neural networks is a growing field of research. Initial results are promising, but often the networks are complex, memory utilization inefficient, produce relatively small 2D image slices (e.g., 128x128), and low count rate reconstructions are of varying quality. This paper proposes FastPET, a novel direct reconstruction convolutional neural network that is architecturally simple, memory space efficient, works for non-trivial 3D image volumes and is capable of processing a wide spectrum of PET data including low-dose and multi-tracer applications. FastPET uniquely operates on a histo-image (i.e., image-space) representation of the raw data enabling it to reconstruct 3D image volumes 67x faster than Ordered subsets Expectation Maximization (OSEM). We detail the FastPET method trained on whole-body and low-dose whole-body data sets and explore qualitative and quantitative aspects of reconstructed images from clinical and phantom studies. Additionally, we explore the application of FastPET on a neurology data set containing multiple different tracers. The results show that not only are the reconstructions very fast, but the images are high quality and lower noise than iterative reconstructions.
X-Band Slot Antenna Array In Air-Filled Substrate Integrated Waveguide (2019)

In this paper a planar slot antenna array is designed on air-filled-substrate-integrated-waveguide (AFSIW) at the operating frequency of 10 GHz. Its advantages are high efficiency, simple fabrication light weight and integrability with active circuits. A planar AFSIW slot array antenna is designed with 8 × 10 slots and a feed system composed of a tapered microstrip, an SIW-to-AFSIW transition and 1-to-8 planar power divider. The achieved E- and H-plane 3 dB bandwidths are 8 and 9 degrees, respectively. The side lobe levels in the two E and H planes are equal to 17 dB. The gain and total efficiency are 25.6 dB and 91%, respectively.
Rapid PCR amplification of minimal enediyne polyketide synthase cassettes leads to a predictive familial classification model (2003)

A universal PCR method for the rapid amplification of minimal enediyne polyketide synthase (PKS) genes and the application of this methodology to clone remaining prototypical genes from producers of structurally determined enediynes in both family types are presented. A phylogenetic analysis of the new pool of bona fide enediyne PKS genes, consisting of three from 9-membered producers (neocarzinostatin, C1027, and maduropeptin) and three from 10-membered producers (calicheamicin, dynemicin, and esperamicin), reveals a clear genotypic distinction between the two structural families from which to form a predictive model. The results from this study support the postulation that the minimal enediyne PKS helps define the structural divergence of the enediyne core and provides the key tools for generating enediyne hybrid genes/molecular scaffolds; by using the model, a classification is also provided for the unknown enediyne PKS genes previously identified via genome scanning.