gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Miniaturized System for Spike-Triggered Intracortical Microstimulation in an Ambulatory Rat (2011)

This paper reports on a miniaturized system for spike-triggered intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) in an ambulatory rat. The head-mounted microdevice comprises a previously developed application-specific integrated circuit fabricated in 0.35-μm two-poly four-metal complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, which is assembled and packaged on a miniature rigid-flex substrate together with a few external components for programming, supply regulation, and wireless operation. The microdevice operates autonomously from a single 1.55-V battery, measures 3.6 cm × 1.3 cm × 0.6 cm, weighs 1.7 g (including the battery), and is capable of stimulating as well as recording the neural response to ICMS in biological experiments with anesthetized laboratory rats. Moreover, it has been interfaced with silicon microelectrodes chronically implanted in the cerebral cortex of an ambulatory rat and successfully delivers electrical stimuli to the second somatosensory area when triggered by neural activity from the rostral forelimb area with a user-adjustable spike-stimulus time delay. The spike-triggered ICMS is further shown to modulate the neuronal firing rate, indicating that it is physiologically effective.
One Step Forward, One Step Back, Human Rights in the People's Republic of China in 1987/88 (1989)

As the title of this work suggests there was both progress and setback in China in terms of human rights.The fact that the reformists remained in power made possible more free market activity, trade and the movement of people and goods.As demonstrated throughout the world, capitalism produces democracy and democracy engenders more significant and widespread respect for basic human rights and liberties.This was fundamentally true about the People's Republic of China during the period under study.China's citizens had more freedoms compared to those during the Maoist period.Events in Tibet offset gains elsewhere.Some observers suggested that the regime's "opening to the outside world" caused the outbreak of demonstrations, which gave the impression that the Tibetans took advantage of greater freedoms to protest their harsh treatment in the past.This is no doubt true.Yet Tibet was a human rights problem that was bound to become known sooner or later.The fact that Tibet garnered little attention during 1988, quite unlike 1987, suggests that government repression combined with controls over the reporting of events there--especially driving out the foreign press-returned Tibet to its original situation.Tibet is now a "hushed up" human rights case.Meanwhile, inflation in China, which became acute by mid-1988, undermined the political power and status of the reformers, as well as the reforms.Gains made by the hardline political left because of inflation made some observers hark back to the anti-spiritual pollution campaign of 1983 and the anti-bourgeois liberalization campaign of 1987.During both of these periods, an ascendency of the hardliners in the Chinese Communist Party had a negative effect on the human rights condition in China.Evidence revealed that this had happened again in 1988, though perhaps the impact was still uncertain.It had not yet played itself out by the end of the year. One Step Forward, OneStep Back is a continuation of work by the two authors on human rights in the People's Republic of China.It is a follow-up on Reform in Reverse: Human Rights in the People's Republic of China, published in 1988 by the same publishers.
Magnetic Beads in Marine Toxin Detection: A Review (2019)

Due to the expanding occurrence of marine toxins, and their potential impact on human health, there is an increased need for tools for their rapid and efficient detection. We give an overview of the use of magnetic beads (MBs) for the detection of marine toxins in shellfish and fish samples, with an emphasis on their incorporation into electrochemical biosensors. The use of MBs as supports for the immobilization of toxins or antibodies, as signal amplifiers as well as for target pre-concentration, is reviewed. In addition, the exploitation of MBs in Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential enrichment (SELEX) for the selection of aptamers is presented. These MB-based strategies have led to the development of sensitive, simple, reliable and robust analytical systems for the detection of toxins in natural samples, with applicability in seafood safety and human health protection.
Expressed Sequence Tags from Poplar Wood Tissues ‐ A Comparative Analysis from Multiple Libraries (2004)

Xylogenesis involves successive developmental processes--cambial division, cell expansion and differentiation, cell death--each occurring along a gradient from the cambium to the pith of the stem. Taking advantage of the high level of organisation of wood tissues, we isolated cambial zone (CZ), differentiating xylem (DX) and mature xylem (MX) from both tension wood (TW) and opposite wood (OW) of bent poplars. Four different cDNA libraries were then constructed and used to generate 10,062 EST, reflecting the genes expressed in the different wood tissues. For the most abundant clusters, the EST distributions were compared between libraries in order to identify genes specific or over-represented at some specific developmental stages. They clearly showed a developmental shift between CZ and DX, whereas there is a continuity of development between DX and MX. CZ was mainly characterized by clusters of genes involved in cell cycle, protein synthesis and fate. Interestingly, two clusters with no assigned function were found specific to the cambial zone. In DX and MX, clusters were mostly involved in methylation of lignin precursors and microtubule cytoskeleton. In addition, in DX, EST from TW and OW were compared: five clusters of arabinogalactan proteins, one for sucrose synthase and one for fructokinase were specific or over-represented in TW. Moreover, a putative transcription factor and a cluster of unknown function were also identified in DX-TW. The informative comparison of multiple libraries prepared from wood tissues led to the identification of genes--some with still unknown functions--putatively involved in xylogenesis and tension wood formation.
Projection Pursuit Density Estimation (1984)

Abstract The projection pursuit methodology is applied to the multivariate density estimation problem. The resulting nonparametric procedure is often less biased than the kernel and near-neighbor methods. In addition, graphical information is produced that can be used to help gain geometric insight into the multivariate data distribution.
A Simple and Rugged Wide-Band Gas Discharge Detector for Millimeter Waves (1966)

Detection of 4 and 2 millimeter waves by a small, low-pressure, anomalous burning glow discharge in He or Ne is described. The responsivity and the noise equivalent power are discussed. Typical values are presented in a table: the former is found to be about 50 V/W, the latter about 5 /spl mu/W. The device is linear over about 30 dB, it has a LF bandwidth of about 50 kc/s and the same tube can be used both for detection of 4 and 2 mm waves by simply raising the applied dc potential a few volts. Since the device is very rugged it can withstand a high local oscillator power, so that in a synchronous detection circuit the noise equivalent power can be about 10/sup -11/ W at 1 c/s bandwidth.
IPMI-based Efficient Notification Framework for Large Scale Cluster Computing (2006)

The demand for an efficient Jhult tolerance system has led to the development of complex monitoring infrastructure, which in turn has created an overwhelming task of data and event management. The increasing level of details at the hardware and software layer clearly afects the scalability and peijbrmance of monitoring and management tools. In this paper, we propose a problem notiJication framework that directly addresses the issue of monitor scalability. We first present the design and inzpIementation of our step-by-step approach to analyzing, filtering, and clas,slfiing the plethora of node statistics. Then, we present experimental results to show that our approach only needs minimal system resource and thus has low overhead. Finally, we introduce our web-based cluster management system that provides hardware controls at both cluster and nodal levels.
Wafer-scale Fabrication of Non-Polar Mesoporous GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors via Electrochemical Porosification (2017)

Distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) are essential components for the development of optoelectronic devices. For many device applications, it is highly desirable to achieve not only high reflectivity and low absorption, but also good conductivity to allow effective electrical injection of charges. Here, we demonstrate the wafer-scale fabrication of highly reflective and conductive non-polar gallium nitride (GaN) DBRs, consisting of perfectly lattice-matched non-polar (11-20) GaN and mesoporous GaN layers that are obtained by a facile one-step electrochemical etching method without any extra processing steps. The GaN/mesoporous GaN DBRs exhibit high peak reflectivities (>96%) across the entire visible spectrum and wide spectral stop-band widths (full-width at half-maximum >80 nm), while preserving the material quality and showing good electrical conductivity. Such mesoporous GaN DBRs thus provide a promising and scalable platform for high performance GaN-based optoelectronic, photonic, and quantum photonic devices.
Face Detection using 3-D Time-of-Flight and Colour Cameras (2010)

This paper presents a novel method to apply standard 2-D face detection methods on 3-D data. The procedure uses a sensor setup consisting of a 3-D time-of-flight camera and a colour camera. At first, face detection is performed on the less structured and low-resolution 3-D range image. Only for those areas regarded as faces on the 3-D range image, processing continues on the corresponding high-resolution 2-D colour image areas. This enables a pre-filtering of the visible area prior to the actual face detection step on selected colour regions.
Field emission from single-wall carbon nanotube films (1998)

We report on the field emission properties of single-wall carbon nanotube films, with emphasis on current–versus–voltage (I–V) characteristics and current stability. The films are excellent field emitters, yielding current densities higher than 10 mA cm−2 with operating voltages that are far lower than for other film emitters, but show a significant degradation of their performances with time. The observed deviations from the Fowler-Nordheim behavior in the I–V characteristics point to the presence of a nonmetallic density of states at the tip of the nanotubes.
Synthesis of new imidazo[4,5‐<i>d</i>][1,3]diazepine derivatives from 5‐amino‐4‐(cyanoformimidoyl)imidazoles (1996)

Abstract N 1 ‐[(Z) ‐2‐ Amino‐1,2‐dicyanovinyl]formamidines 1a‐d react readily with tosyl isocyanate to form novel 8‐amino‐3‐substituted‐5‐oxo‐7‐tosylaminoimidazo[4,5‐ d ][1,3]diazepines 6a‐d rather than the 6‐cyano‐2‐oxopurine derivatives 5a‐d expected. Compound 5a has been synthesized from 1a by reaction with ethyl chloroformate and base‐catalyzed cyclization of the resultant 5‐ethoxycarbonylamino‐4‐(cyanoformimidoyl)imidazole. Treatment of the 5‐amino‐4‐cyanoimidazoles 7a and b with tosyl isocyanate under similar conditions gives the 4‐cyano‐5‐(3′‐tosylureido)imidazoles 8a and b , which on treatment with ethanolic ammonia cyclizes to the corresponding isoguanines 10a and b .
Regulation of retinoblastoma gene expression in a mouse mammary tumor model. (1995)

We initiated studies to investigate the involvement of the murine retinoblastoma (RB) gene in mammary carcinogenesis using cell lines derived from mammary glands of irradiated mice. We found that the RB mRNA levels as well as the amounts of the nuclear phosphoprotein were significantly reduced as the cells progressed in vitro from non-tumorigenic to tumorigenic stages. To further investigate RB gene expression with cellular development and tumorigenicity, we transfected malignant cells with expression vectors containing the murine RB cDNA driven by either the SV40 or the mouse metallothionein promoter sequences. The neomycin resistant gene was included in both vectors and was used as a selective marker for the transfected cells. Cells with reduced levels of endogenous RB mRNA were stably transfected and showed increased expression of RB. In addition, the morphology of these cells were altered and their growth rates in culture were reduced. Injection of the transfected cells into host mice resulted in a delayed onset of tumors compared with nontransfected parental cells. Our studies provide experimental data to confirm that loss of RB gene activity is involved in neoplastic transformation of cells and support the multistep theory of carcinogenesis.
Colorimetric data for samples of OSA uniform color scales (1978)

Colorimetric specifications and measured values of one of the sets of cards issued by the Optical Society of America for its Committee on Uniform Color Scales are reported. In addition to the CIE values for illuminant D65 and color-mixture data for 10° observing fields, the corresponding L,j,g notations of the committee are also given. The average discrepancy between the actual colors and their specifications is 14% of the intended difference between pairs of nearest neighbors of the full-step set of colors. The full-step set of 424 colors exhibits 2058 pairs of nearest neighbors. The root-mean-square deviation from the average difference, evaluated by use of the committee's formula for color difference, is 12%. To bisect the color differences in the frequently used medium-lightness range of low-saturation colors, 134 additional colors are included in the set. Together with 13 embedded and 38 immediately adjacent colors of the full-step set, they provide 740 half-step pairs of colors. The rms deviation is 17% of their average.
Urban gas monitoring system using optical sensors (1999)

We have developed a methane monitoring system using a 1.66 μm distributed-feedback semiconductor laser. The detection limit of the system is 70 ppb m in concentration pathlength product with the time constant of 1 s. This high sensitivity is achieved by the second-harmonic detection of wavelength modulation frequency of the laser whose center wavelength is stabilized on an the absorption line of methane. The system was installed on a vehicle in combination with a positioning system and a mobile GIS that enabled to record and indicate gas leakage points from buried pipelines on the digital map at the real time.
<title>Laser cleaning of cryogenic optics</title> (1990)

IR laser heating is the subject of tests to determine its effectiveness as a method of removing optical contaminants with special attention given to on-orbit decontamination. A variety of mirrors are contaminated in a vacuum at a temperature of about 100 K with a BRDF diagnostic monitoring used to measure cleanliness before and after contamination and after laser cleaning. Laser treatments with CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers are investigated for contaminants such as H2O, CO2, and dust. The contaminants usually degraded the BRDF by a factor of about 2, and the laser treatments are generally able to return the BRDF to the precontamination level. The Nd:YAG laser treatment relies on heating the mirror surface and is not as effective and applicable as that of the CO2 laser. Successful cleaning can be achieved at temperatures of 35-300 K with thick contaminant films without damaging or distorting the mirror surface.
SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-bis(2-BROMOPHENYL)PROPANE (1989)

(1989). SYNTHESIS OF 1,3-bis(2-BROMOPHENYL)PROPANE. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 21, No. 3, pp. 337-339.
Analysis and Experiment of Gas Leakage Through Composite Laminates for Propellant Tanks (2003)

The mechanism of the through-thickness gas leakage of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRP) laminates is investigated in view of propellant leaks for composite tanks of reusable launch vehicles. In this study analysis of leakage caused by the existence of matrix cracks acting as the chain of leakage paths is developed under the simple assumption that conductance for leakage is a function of crack-opening displacements. The analytical results in consideration of mechanical and thermal loads are compared with experimental results, which are measured as helium gas leaks through carbon fiber-reinforced plastics laminates containing matrix cracks at room temperature. Good agreement between the analytical and experimental data is confirmed. Numerical analysis based on the proposed method can be used to evaluate the influence of mechanical loads on propellant leak through CFRP cross-ply laminates. The analytical calculations show that the increase of propellant leakage can be caused by the enlargement of crack-opening displacements caused by mechanical and thermal loads, increase of crack density, and decrease of temperature.
Interactive effects of inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and DNA-dependent protein kinase on cellular responses to DNA damage (1999)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are activated by DNA strand breaks and participate in DNA repair. We investigated the interactive effects of inhibitors of these enzymes [wortmannin (WM), which inhibits DNA-PK, and 8-hydroxy-2-methylquinazolin-4-one (NU1025), a PARP inhibitor] on cell survival and DNA double-strand break (DSB) and single-strand break (SSB) rejoining in Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) or temozolomide. WM (20 microM) or NU1025 (300 microM) potentiated the cytotoxicity of IR with dose enhancement factors at 10% survival (DEF10) values of 4.5 +/- 0.6 and 1.7 +/- 0.2, respectively. When used in combination, a DEF10 of 7.8 +/- 1.5 was obtained. WM or NU1025 potentiated the cytotoxicity of temozolomide, and an additive effect on the DEF10 value was obtained with the combined inhibitors. Using the same inhibitor concentrations, their single and combined effects on DSB and SSB levels following IR were assessed by neutral and alkaline elution. Cells exposed to IR were post-incubated for 30 min to allow repair to occur. WM or NU1025 increased net DSB levels relative to IR alone (DSB levels of 1.29 +/- 0.04 and 1.20 +/- 0.05, respectively, compared with 1.01 +/- 0.03 for IR alone) and the combination had an additive effect. WM had no effect on SSB levels, either alone or in combination with NU1025. SSB levels were increased to 1.27 +/- 0.05 with NU1025 compared with IR alone, 1.02 +/- 0.04. The dose-dependent effects of the inhibitors on DSB levels showed that they were near maximal by 20 microM WM and 300 microM NU1025. DSB repair kinetics were studied. Both inhibitors increased net DSB levels over a 3 h time period; when they were combined, net DSB levels at 3 h were identical to DSB levels immediately post-IR. The combined use of DNA repair inhibitors may have therapeutic potential.
gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase from Escherichia coli K-12: purification and properties (1986)

gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) (EC 2.3.2.2) was purified from the periplasmic fraction of Escherichia coli K-12 to electrophoretic homogeneity. The final purification step, chromatofocusing, gave two protein peaks showing GGT activity (fractions A and B). The major heavy fraction (fraction A) consisted of two different subunits, with molecular weights of 39,200 and 22,000. The minor light fraction (fraction B) consisted of those with molecular weights of 38,600 and 22,000. Fraction A catalyzes the hydrolysis and transpeptidation of all gamma-glutamyl compounds tested, but it prefers basic amino acids and aromatic amino acids as acceptors. The apparent Km values for glutathione and gamma-glutamyl-p-nitroanilide as gamma-glutamyl donors in the transpeptidation reaction were both 35 microM, and those for glycylglycine and L-arginine as acceptors were 0.59 and 0.21 M, respectively. The enzyme was inhibited by some amino acids and by protease inhibitors and affinity-labeling reagents for GGT. The temperature stability of the purified GGT supports our hypothesis that E. coli GGT is synthesized only at lower temperature rather than that the synthesized GGT is degraded or inactivated at higher temperature.
DETERMINATION OF THE NONLINEAR OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF YCOB AND Nd∶YCOB (2000)

The second harmonic generation coefficients( d ij )of YCOB have been determined for the first time and the relationship between the effective SHG coefficients ( d eff ) and phase\|matching angles has been derived.It is found surprisingly,that the direction of the largest d eff of the crystal is not in the principal plane as usual but along ( θ=65 9°,=36 5°) and ( θ=66\^3°,=143\^9°) and further,its value is direction dependent in the different phase regions.This has been verified by measurements of the frequency doubling and self-frequency doubling conversion efficiencies.The demonstration of this optimum phase-matching direction of YCOB/Nd∶YCOB is an important step forward in the development of compact high-efficiency green and blue laser sources.
Acne fulminans. Relato de um caso (1990)

Os autores inicialmente apresentam uma revisao da literatura concernente a esta forma de acne grave. Em seguida relatam o caso onde destacam-se o diagnostico, essencialmente clinico, e a dificuldade de tratamento. Tecem comentarios sobre as opcoes terapeuticas na atualidade, seus efeitos colaterais mais importantes e salientam a constatacao de um efeito sinergico entre a dapsona e a prednisona, o que constitui um dado importante na conducao destes doentes
Histone H2B gene transcription during Xenopus early development requires functional cooperation between proteins bound to the CCAAT and octamer motifs. (1992)

The ubiquitously expressed transcription factor Oct-1 and several other members of the POU domain protein family bind to a site, termed the octamer motif, that functions in the promoter and enhancer regions of a variety of genes expressed under diverse conditions. An octamer motif present in a conserved histone H2B-specific promoter element is required for S-phase-specific transcription of mammalian histone H2B genes in cultured cells. We have previously shown that the octamer motif in a Xenopus histone H2B gene promoter was inactive in nondividing frog oocytes. Here we show that the octamer motif, in addition to regulatory elements (TATAA, CCAAT, and ATF motifs) that are active in oocytes, is required for maximal H2B gene transcription in developing frog embryos. Factors binding to each of the H2B upstream promoter elements are present in oocytes and increase slightly in abundance during early development. The activity of the H2B octamer motif in embryos is not specifically associated with increased binding by Oct-1 or the appearance of novel octamer-binding proteins but requires the presence of an intact CCAAT motif. Our results indicate that synergistic interactions among promoter-bound factors are important for octamer-dependent H2B transcription. We suggest that the activity of the H2B promoter is regulated primarily by changes in the interactions between proteins already bound to the promoter rather than by alterations in their intrinsic abilities to bind DNA.