gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Big Picture (2008)

Abstract This book has focused on assessing and interpreting the past century and a half of ecological change in the specific context of one state—Wisconsin. This chapter first describes what makes Wisconsin unique, as well as what makes it typical. It then discusses the nature of cumulative effects; the growing importance of ecological monitoring; the need for ecologists to share their research results with the broader public and decision makers; and how to best educate people about the large and complex web of environmental and ecological crises.
Etching Selectivity and Surface Profile of GaN in the Ni, SiO<sub>2</sub> and Photoresist Masks Using an Inductively Coupled Plasma (2001)

The selectivity and etched surface profile for etching GaN using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) in Ni, SiO 2 and photoresist masks were investigated. The mask etching rates in the Ni, SiO 2 and photoresist masks were 26, 70 and 245 nm/min, respectively, for a RF power of 500 W, an ICP power of 600 W and an etching gas ratio of BCl 3 /Ar/ N 2 =15:5:10 (sccm). A high selectivity of 15 in the Ni mask was found to be higher than that of 5.6 and 1.65 in the SiO 2 and photoresist masks, respectively. The best etching surface profile was also obtained in the Ni mask in comparison with the SiO 2 or photoresist mask.
Laser Doppler velocimetry vs heater power as indicators of skin perfusion during transcutaneous O2 monitoring. (1981)

Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and heater power (HP) were compared as indicators of skin perfusion during transcutaneous oxygen tension (ptcO2) monitoring in adults. The LDV probe was fitted to a Radiometer ptcO2 attachment ring, which was fixed to the forearm. ptcO2, electrode temperature, HP, and LDV measurements were recorded continuously and simultaneously. LDV was more specific and sensitive to changes in cutaneous perfusion. Moreover, changes in perfusion were signalled four to 24 times faster by LDV than by HP. Changes in ptcO2 corresponded to changes in LDV more closely than to changes in HP in all experiments. HP was more specific and sensitive to changes in electrode and air temperatures. Once hyperemia was established at 44 degrees C and the electrode heater was turned off (HP = 0), LDV measurements frequently showed persistence of hyperemia (up to 25 min). Under these circumstances ptcO2 decreased linearly with decreasing electrode temperature in the range of 44-32 degrees C. LDV performance was referenced by monitoring velocity measurements taken on a cylinder revolving at known velocities. We conclude that LDV is a useful adjunct to ptcO2 monitoring and better than HP in assessing skin blood flow. It should enhance quality control of transcutaneous O2 monitoring.
Pre-processing and differential expression analysis of Agilent microRNA arrays using the AgiMicroRna Bioconductor library (2011)

AgiMicroRna is a rational collection of Bioconductor functions that have been wrapped into specific functions in order to ease and systematize the pre-processing and statistical analysis of Agilent microRNA data. The development of this package contributes to the Bioconductor project filling the gap in microRNA array data analysis.
Metal Chelating Tendencies of Glutamic and Aspartic Acids (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal Chelating Tendencies of Glutamic and Aspartic AcidsR. F. Lumb and Arthur E. MartellCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1953, 57, 7, 690–693Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150508a021https://doi.org/10.1021/j150508a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A scalable wavelet-based video distortion metric and applications (2006)

Video distortion metrics based on models of the human visual system have traditionally used comparisons between the distorted signal and a reference signal to calculate distortions objectively. In video coding applications, this is not prohibitive. In quality monitoring applications, however, access to the reference signal is often limited. This paper presents a computationally efficient video distortion metric that can operate in full- or reduced-reference mode as required. The metric is based on a model of the human visual system implemented using the wavelet transform and separable filters. The visual model is parameterized using a set of video frames and the associated quality scores. The visual model's hierarchical structure, as well as the limited impact of fine scale distortions on quality judgments of severely impaired video, are exploited to build a framework for scaling the bitrate required to represent the reference signal. Two applications of the metric are also presented. In the first, the metric is used as the distortion measure in a rate-distortion optimized rate control algorithm for MPEG-2 video compression. The resulting compressed video sequences demonstrate significant improvements in visual quality over compressed sequences with allocations determined by the TM5 rate control algorithm operating with MPEG-2 at the same rate. In the second, the metric is used to estimate time series of objective quality scores for distorted video sequences using reference bitrates as low as 10 kb/s. The resulting quality scores more accurately model subjective quality recordings than do those estimated using the mean squared error as a distortion metric, while requiring a fraction of the bitrate used to represent the reference signal. The reduced-reference metric's performance is comparable to that of the full-reference metrics tested in the first Video Quality Experts Group evaluation.
Model-based removal of water-layer multiple reflections (1999)

Abstract We have developed a procedure to attenuate water-layer multiple reflections. We estimate the sea-bottom reflectivity function and use it plus calculated amplitude functions to model all order water-layer multiple reflections, taking into account both amplitude and waveform shape. We model the primary and multiple reflections from the sea bottom in the frequency-slowness domain. The amplitude function in the data modeling includes the source directivity function, source ghost response, receiver array directivity function, receiver ghost response, and offset-dependent geometrical spreading. For small offsets we can assume that the seabed reflectivity depends only on frequency, and it is estimated using a least-squares algorithm. An unknown scaling constant in the data is estimated using the amplitude of the primary and first multiple reflection from the sea bed. The composite sea-bottom reflectivity is estimated as a function of frequency for each common midpoint (CMP) position. We apply the algorithm to high-resolution seismic data from the North Sea. The modelled data match the recorded data well, and the estimated primary reflectivity is more geologically meaningful than the stacked trace. By comparison with Radon transform multiple removal applied to the same data, the model-based method was more computationally efficient and left less residual multiple energy.
Study on the mechanism of dynamic reactive power reserves in respect of voltage stability (2014)

At present, few studies focusing on dynamic reactive power reserves in respect of voltage stability have been reported. In the paper, the definitions of dynamic reactive power sources such as synchronous generators, SVC and STATCOM are proposed firstly. Then the mechanisms of dynamic reactive power reserves of synchronous generators, SVC and STATCOM in respect of voltage stability are studied, respectively. It demonstrated that in steady-state operation, with more generator reactive power output, the static voltage stability and transient voltage stability of power system are better; with less reactive power output of SVC and STATCOM, that's more reactive power reserves, the static voltage stability and transient voltage stability of power system are better.
Bacteriophage T4 head morphogenesis. VII. Terminal stages of head maturation (1976)

Several aspects of the terminal stages of T4 head maturation were investigated using ts and am mutants blocked at single steps of the assembly pathway. We had previously found that cells infected with mutants of gene 13, e.g., tsN38 and amE609, accumulated both stable (10 to 20%)- and fragile (80%)-filled head precursors (Hamilton and Luftig, 1972). Here we showed the following for such gene 13-defective, mutant-infected cells. (i) Using thin-section analysis the pool of phage precursor structures observed under nonpermissive conditions was one-third of that observed when the cells were cultured under permissive conditions. (ii) In order for complete conversion of the precursors into viable phage to occur, there were apparent requirements of metabolic energy, protein, and DNA synthesis. (iii) The intracellular DNA pool under nonpermissive conditions exhibited a 50% distribution between 63S (mature size) and 200 S (concatenate size) DNA, with the latter DNA serving as a precursor pool. Further, this DNA pool when spread onto a protein monolayer exhibited a dispersed array of DNA, strands around a core, which was less dense than that found for the greater than 1,000S DNA concatenate isolated from gene 49-defective infected cells. (iv) When precuations were taken to stabilize the head precursors, such as lysis of the cells into glutaraldehyde, there was a 30% increase in the yield of 1,200S filled heads. Correlating these results and previous results concerning gene 49-defective unfilled heads, we propose that there are several forms of gene 13 fragile head precursors which serve as intermediates between gene 49 unfilled heads and gene 13 stable filled heads. We cannot, however, rule out the possibility that all gene 13-defective heads represent a single class of unstable particles, which decay slowly. In either case, we have shown that gene 13-defective particles are unstable to some degree inside the cell and are highly unstable outside the cell; yet all particles can still be efficiently converted to phage in vivo.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Evidence for the Complexation of Hg(II) by Reduced Sulfur in Soil Humic Substances (1998)

Analysis of Hg(II) complexed by a soil humic acid (HA) using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed the importance of reduced sulfur functional groups (thiol (R−SH) and disulfide (R−SS−R)/disulfane (R−SSH)) in humic substances in the complexation of Hg(II). A two-coordinate binding environment with one oxygen atom and one sulfur atom at distances of 2.02 and 2.38 Å, respectively, was found in the first coordination shell of Hg(II) complexed by humic acid. Model calculations show that a second coordination sphere could contain one carbon atom and a second sulfur atom at 2.78 and 2.93 Å, respectively. This suggests that in addition to thiol S, disulfide/disulfane S may be involved with the complexation of Hg(II) in soil organic matter. The appearance of carbon atom in the second coordination shell suggests that one O-containing ligand such as carboxyl and phenol ligands rather than H2O molecule is bound to the Hg(II). The involvement of oxygen ligand in addition to the reduced S ligands in the complexation of Hg(II) is due to the low density of reduced S ligands in humic substances. The XAS results from this experiment provided direct molecular level evidence for the preference of reduced S functional groups over oxygen ligands by Hg(II) in the complexation with humic substances.
Association of isocyanide complexes of rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) in solution (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssociation of isocyanide complexes of rhodium(I) and rhodium(III) in solutionAlan L. Balch and Marilyn M. OlmsteadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 8, 2354–2356Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00424a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00424a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Two-Dimensional Affinity Resolution Electrophoresis Demonstrates that Three Distinct Heparin Populations Interact with Antithrombin III (1995)

Heparin is a polydisperse, highly sulfated polysaccharide consisting of repeating 1-->4 linked uronic acid and glucosamine sugar residues that binds to coagulation proteins, complement proteins, and growth factors to regulate a variety of biological activities. Heparin is best known as an anticoagulant, an activity that results largely from a specific pentasaccharide sequence in heparin that interacts with a unique site in antithrombin III. Little is known about additional structures within heparin that might interact with antithrombin III or the heparin structures that interact with the myriad of other heparin-binding proteins and peptides. Unfractionated glycosaminoglycan heparin that had been prepared from porcine intestinal mucosa was examined for its capacity to bind antithrombin III using a new technique developed to quantitate that interaction. Two-dimensional affinity resolution electrophoresis is a powerful method that allows assessment of unique species of heparin molecules that bind to protein, allowing determination of heparin molecular weight for each protein-binding heparin species as well as the dissociation constant of each interaction. This study provides the first definitive evidence that glycosaminoglycan heparin contains at least three populations of molecules with affinity for antithrombin III. Furthermore, the affinity of each heparin species for antithrombin III appears to vary inversely with the size of the heparin chain, with some smaller oligosaccharides having greater affinity for antithrombin III than larger oligosaccharides.
Ultrahigh resolution spectral analysis based on a Brillouin fiber laser (2010)

We report what we believe to be a novel experimental heterodyne technique for the spectral analysis of continuous optical wave sources. The achieved resolution is as low as the kilohertz level, with a dynamic range in excess of 90 dB. The technique is based on a heterodyne detection between the source under test (SUT) and a Brillouin fiber laser generated by this SUT. Contrary to standard self-heterodyne techniques only a few tens of meters of optical fiber is required without the need of any optical modulators. This spectrometer has been used to characterize a distributed-feedback laser diode and a Brillouin fiber laser.
Fine specificity of T cell recognition of the same peptide in association with different I-A molecules. (1989)

The fine specificity of the response of T cell clones derived from B10.BR and B10.S congenic mouse strains restricted by I-Ak and I-As molecules, respectively, and which recognize the same 17 amino acid sequence (102-118) of myoglobin, has been investigated and compared with that of T cell clones specific for the same peptide with I-A.d The critical amino acid residues within the 102-118 region of myoglobin required for stimulation of I-Ak-and I-As-restricted T cell clones specific for this determinant were compared using a panel of synthetic peptide analogs. Residues 109, 113, and 116 were critical for stimulation of clones from both haplotypes, although the precise fine specificity varied, even among clones using the same restriction molecule. Residues 109 and 116 are also critical for stimulation of myoglobin-specific I-Ad-restricted clones (Berkower, I., L. A. Matis, G.K. Buckenmeyer, F.R. N. Gurd, D. L. Longo, and J. A. Berzofsky. J. Immunol. 132:1370, 1984). There was also considerable overlap in the size of the minimal determinant necessary for full activity: 106-118 for B10.BR and B10.D2 (Cease, K. B., I. Berkower, J. York-Jolley, and J. A. Berzofsky. J. Exp. Med. 164:1779, 1986) clones and 102-117 for B10.S clones. Despite this similarity in fine specificity, T cell clones were genetically restricted and could not be stimulated with the 102-118 peptide presented by Ia molecules of other haplotypes that could also present this epitope to syngeneic clones. These results suggest that binding of an immunogenic peptide to class II molecules is not sufficient to ensure recognition by a given T cell antigen receptor specific for the peptide, but do not indicate whether the major histocompatibility complex molecules interact directly with the T cell antigen receptor or induce a different recognizable conformation of the peptide.
Efficient Acceleration of Mutual Information Computation for Nonrigid Registration Using CUDA (2014)

In this paper, we propose an efficient acceleration method for the nonrigid registration of multimodal images that uses a graphics processing unit. The key contribution of our method is efficient utilization of on-chip memory for both normalized mutual information (NMI) computation and hierarchical B-spline deformation, which compose a well-known registration algorithm. We implement this registration algorithm as a compute unified device architecture program with an efficient parallel scheme and several optimization techniques such as hierarchical data organization, data reuse, and multiresolution representation. We experimentally evaluate our method with four clinical datasets consisting of up to 512 × 512 × 296 voxels. We find that exploitation of on-chip memory achieves a 12-fold increase in speed over an off-chip memory version and, therefore, it increases the efficiency of parallel execution from 4% to 46%. We also find that our method running on a GeForce GTX 580 card is approximately 14 times faster than a fully optimized CPU-based implementation running on four cores. Some multimodal registration results are also provided to understand the limitation of our method. We believe that our highly efficient method, which completes an alignment task within a few tens of seconds, will be useful to realize rapid nonrigid registration.
Active immunization against cancer cells: impediments and advances. (1998)

Immunotherapy of cancer is still mainly an experimental treatment. Some monoclonal antibodies have been approved for adjuvant therapy of cancer in patients, but active immunization strategies have not yet matured to this stage. The fact that vaccination against viral diseases is effective has primed high expectations for successful vaccination against cancer as well. Indeed, in some animal models, therapeutic results could be obtained against short-term established tumors, which paved the way for clinical trials. However, the first results with active immunization in cancer patients were disappointing and this led to a careful examination of current protocols and the search for more effective approaches. Evaluation of the available data suggests that cancer patients may not be comparable in their immune response to cancer vaccines with healthy persons. Furthermore, the tumor seems to be able to develop several immune-escape mechanisms, which either inactivate the specific immune cells or prevent activation of potential effector mechanisms against the tumor. Here, we review the impediments that have been identified in murine models and clinical trials for immunotherapy of cancer. It will be important to study the hurdles to come to a better understanding of the immune evasion of tumors and to achieve efficient activation of the immune system in cancer patients against the tumor. This knowledge will open new possibilities for active immunization against cancer.
Photoelectron spectroscopic studies of electrode and related surfaces (1985)

P. M. A. Sherwood, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1985, 14, 1 DOI: 10.1039/CS9851400001
Antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of detomidine (1986)

The antinociceptive activity and mechanism of action of detomidine, a novel sedative‐analgesic, were studied in mice and rats. Xylazine and morphine were included in the studies for comparison. In both acetic acid‐induced writhing test in mice, and in tail flick test in rats, detomidine had potent, dose‐dependent antinociceptive effects with ED 50 values of 0.06 and 0.2 mg/kg i.p., respectively. Both xylazine and morphine were clearly less potent than detomidine in these tests. The antinociceptive effect of detomidine was only inhibited by alpha‐2 antagonists (idazoxan, rauwolscine), which suggests that this action is mediated through stimulation of alpha‐2 adrenoceptors. The significance of these Findings for the use of detomidine in veterinary medicine is discussed.
Fundamental Studies Of Crossflow Heat Exchangers For Laminar And Turbulent Flows (2017)

University of Minnesota Ph.D. dissertation. August 2017. Major: Mechanical Engineering. Advisor: Ephraim Sparrow. 1 computer file (PDF); x, 132 pages.
The Calcualtion of Multiplicative Inverses Over GF(P) Efficiently Where P is a Mersenne Prime (1986)

The extended Euclidean algorithm is typically used to calculate multiplicative inverses over finite fields and rings of integers. The algorithm presented here has approximately the same number of average iterations and maximum number of iterations. It is shown, when P is a Mersenne prime, implementation of this algorithm on a processor, designed especially for mod P arithmetic operations, produces a more efficient algorithm with respect to the amount of program statements and number of operations. It is then shown heuristically, when the division and multiplications are performed simultaneously, the Euclidean algorithm has fewer subiterations.