gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Inhibition of Glucocorticoid-Induced Thymocyte Apoptosis by Substance P (2000)

Glucocorticoids (GC) are strong inducers of thymocyte apoptosis. In the present study we looked into the possibility that the neuropeptide substance P (SP) might serve as an antagonist to GC-induced apoptosis. Indeed, SP inhibited hydrocortisone (HC)-induced apoptosis of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes in mice, both in vivo and in vitro. It also inhibited HC-induced apoptosis in the T cell hybridoma line 2B4.11, which is sensitive to GC. The inhibitory effect was complete if SP was given with HC or within 1 h after it; partial inhibitory effect could be seen at 2 h and no effect at 3 h. The presence of the SP antagonist nullified SP effect. The effect was specific to both components of the system (i.e., HC as apoptosis inducer and SP as its inhibitor), as judged from comparison to three other apoptosis-inducing means (irradiation, thymic epithelial cells, or retinoic acid), and to two other neuropeptides (somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide). SP/HC antagonism was further demonstrated in two relevant molecular events: 1) HC augmented GC receptor production in our cell system and this was inhibited by SP; and 2) HC reduced the expression of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, SP increased it and when both were present, SP effect dominated. On the other hand, the level of IkappaB (NF-kappaB inhibitory molecule) was decreased by SP, preserved at a relatively high level with HC, and when both SP and HC were present, SP effect dominated. The intensity of SP effect, both in vivo and in vitro, its specificity, its inhibition by SP antagonist, as well as the previously documented presence of SP and its receptor in the thymus suggest that SP might be a physiological antagonist of the potent thymocyte apoptosis induced by GC.
Mice deficient in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase exhibit hyperhomocysteinemia and decreased methylation capacity, with neuropathology and aortic lipid deposition (2001)

Hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is caused by nutritional and/or genetic disruptions in homocysteine metabolism. The most common genetic cause of hyperhomocysteinemia is the 677C-->T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. This variant, with mild enzymatic deficiency, is associated with an increased risk for neural tube defects and pregnancy complications and with a decreased risk for colon cancer and leukemia. Although many studies have reported that this variant is also a risk factor for vascular disease, this area of investigation is still controversial. Severe MTHFR deficiency results in homocystinuria, an inborn error of metabolism with neurological and vascular complications. To investigate the in vivo pathogenetic mechanisms of MTHFR deficiency, we generated mice with a knockout of MTHFR: Plasma total homocysteine levels in heterozygous and homozygous knockout mice are 1.6- and 10-fold higher than those in wild-type littermates, respectively. Both heterozygous and homozygous knockouts have either significantly decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels or significantly increased S-adenosylhomocysteine levels, or both, with global DNA hypomethylation. The heterozygous knockout mice appear normal, whereas the homozygotes are smaller and show developmental retardation with cerebellar pathology. Abnormal lipid deposition in the proximal portion of the aorta was observed in older heterozygotes and homozygotes, alluding to an atherogenic effect of hyperhomocysteinemia in these mice.
Biochemical Classification of Proteus and Providence Cultures (1955)

Summary: Biochemical reactions of 153 Providence (29911 type) and 63 Proteus cultures were examined. Providence cultures are included in the genus Proteus, as their cultural characters are similar; this relationship is strengthened by the production of l-amino acid oxidase and glutamic acid decarboxylase by both. Proteus inconstans Ornstein nov.comb. is the name proposed for Providence cultures.
Spot Tests for Detection of <i>N</i>-Nitroso Compounds (Nitrosamines) (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpot Tests for Detection of N-Nitroso Compounds (Nitrosamines)Fritz. Feigl and C. C. NetoCite this: Anal. Chem. 1956, 28, 8, 1311–1312Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60116a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60116a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of Gibberellins and Gibberellin-biosynthesis Inhibitors on Stem Elongation and Flowering of Raphanus sativus L. (1998)

The effect of exogenous applications of several gibberellins (GAs) native to a cold-requiring plant Raphanus sativus L. was investigated to uncover the role of the GAs in cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of the plant. GA1 and GA4 promoted the stem elongation and flowering, whereas GA9 and GA20, which are thought to be precursors of GA4 and GA1, respectively, were less active. Prohexadione calcium, which inhibits hydroxylation of GAs including 2β- and 3β-hydroxylation, reduced the effects of GA9 and GA20 ; in contrast, it enhanced the effects of GA1 and GA4. These results strongly indicate that GA1 and GA4 are the endogenous biologically-active GAs in cold-induced stem elongation and flowering of R. sativus. We found no difference between GA1 and GA4 in their relative activity to stem elongation vs. flowering ; thus, we suggest that they have the same role in the promotion of stem elongation and flowering. Thus, it will be necessary to reduce GA1 and GA4 concentrations to control undesired stem elongation and flowering.
<i>cis</i>‐Jasmone treatment induces resistance in wheat plants against the grain aphid, <i>Sitobion avenae</i> (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae) (2003)

cis-Jasmone is a plant volatile known to have roles as an insect semiochemical and in inducing plant defence. It was evaluated in laboratory and field trials for control of cereal aphids. In an olfactometer bioassay cis-jasmone was repellent to alatae of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Moreover, wheat, Triticum aestivum (L), seedlings sprayed with formulated cis-jasmone 24 h previously were less susceptible to attack by S. avenae than control plants. In field simulator studies, significantly fewer alate S. avenae settled on cis-jasmone-treated plants over a 24-h period. In addition, the intrinsic rate of population increase, r(m), of S. avenae apterae was reduced on cis-jasmone treated seedlings. In a series of small-plot experiments conducted over four years, cis-jasmone applications reduced cereal aphid populations infesting wheat in the field.
Salicylate Biosynthesis: Overexpression, Purification, and Characterization of Irp9, a Bifunctional Salicylate Synthase from<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> (2005)

In some bacteria, salicylate is synthesized using the enzymes isochorismate synthase and isochorismate pyruvate lyase. In contrast, gene inactivation and complementation experiments with Yersinia enterocolitica suggest the synthesis of salicylate in the biosynthesis of the siderophore yersiniabactin involves a single protein, Irp9, which converts chorismate directly into salicylate. In the present study, Irp9 was for the first time heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as a hexahistidine fusion protein, purified to near homogeneity, and characterized biochemically. The recombinant protein was found to be a dimer, each subunit of which has a molecular mass of 50 kDa. Enzyme assays, reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses confirmed that Irp9 is a salicylate synthase and converts chorismate to salicylate with a K(m) for chorismate of 4.2 microM and a k(cat) of 8 min(-1). The reaction was shown to proceed through the intermediate isochorismate, which was detected directly using 1H NMR spectroscopy.
Early experimental results for a large-aperture microphone-array system (2002)

Microphone arrays offer a potential solution to the important problem of obtaining high-quality sound pick-up from remote acoustic sources. Most reported results for microphone array technology have been theoretical, proposed algorithms with predicted performance, or based on ideal or near-ideal simulations of microphone-array systems and room environments. Previous work that is based on real data has usually been for a small number of microphones. In this paper, for the first time, measured results for a large number of microphones, 256, in a large-aperture, real-time, all DSP system are reported. The array system is mounted in a moderate-sized (8M/spl times/8M) room with a significant reverberation time. While listeners to the locationing/tracking/beamforming system claim to hear near-close-talking microphone performance when the system acquires a talker, our measured results of the real-time system indicate that a true 9 dB separation of a source from other sources in the room has been achieved and that reverberant effects have been significantly reduced. This level of isolation is maintained at all locations throughout the room. In addition to reporting these early performance measures, this paper discusses the nuances of the real-time algorithms, the latency in such systems, and introduces some of the issues of making real-time, real-room measurements.
Virtualization aware job schedulers for checkpoint-restart (2007)

Application checkpoint and restart has been a widely studied problem over the last several decades. Despite immense volume of theory and several research project level implementations, there is very little by way of working solutions for the case of parallel distributed applications (such as MPI programs on a cluster). We describe our experiences in enhancing a job scheduler to leverage mechanisms of a virtual machine environment to support checkpoint-restart. We also describe the basic coordinated checkpoint-restart framework that we implemented on which this solution is based.
Reconstitution of Purple Membrane Vesicles Catalyzing Light-driven Proton Uptake and Adenosine Triphosphate Formation (1974)

Abstract The purple membrane from Halobacterium halobium was incorporated into phospholipid vesicles. On illumination (2 x 106 ergs per cm2 per s) the reconstituted vesicles took up protons (50 to 200 ng of ions H+ per mg of purple protein) which were released in the dark. Addition of valinomycin accelerated both the rate of uptake in the light and the release of protons in the dark. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation abolished the uptake of protons. Inclusion of the mitochondrial oligomycin-sensitive ATPase during reconstitution yielded vesicles which catalyzed light-dependent phosphorylation. These reconstituted vesicles represent a simple model system for a biological proton pump capable of generating ATP from ADP and Pi.
Cell-Wall Glycolipid Mutations and Their Effects on Virulence of E. faecalis in a Rat Model of Infective Endocarditis (2014)

Enterococci are among the major pathogens implicated in cardiac infections and biofilm formation. E. faecalis has been shown to play an important role in infectious endocarditis. Several distinct mechanisms for biofilm formation have been identified in E. faecalis. Our group has previously characterized two distinct bacterial glucosyltransferases playing key roles in the production of the major cell wall glycolipids and leading to reduced biofilm production. To assess if this mechanism is involved in the pathogenesis of enterococcal endocarditis we compared the wild-type strain of E. faecalis 12030 with two mutants in gene EF2891 and EF2890 respectively in a rat model of infective endocarditis. The results showed less endocarditic lesions and reduced colony counts per vegetation in the two mutants. indicating that the modification of bacterial surface lipids results in significantly reduced virulence in infective endocarditis. These results underscore the important role of biofilm formation in the pathogenicity of enterococcal endocarditis and may indicate an interesting target for novel therapeutic strategies.
Relationship Between Humoral Response to Plasmodium falciparum Merozoite Surface Antigen-2 and Malaria Morbidity in a Highly Endemic Area of Papua New Guinea (1994)

The prevalence and concentration of antibodies to merozoite surface antigen-2 (MSA-2) were measured in blood samples collected during a cross-sectional survey. Antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using two recombinant proteins that closely approximated the full-length mature MSA-2 polypeptides expressed by the Plasmodium falciparum isolate FC27 and the cloned line 3D7 and that were representative of the dimorphic forms of MSA-2. Antibodies were also measured to a form of the 3D7 MSA-2 lacking the central repetitive sequences (d3D7). High antibody prevalence was observed to all three antigens: the overall prevalence of IgG to FC27, 3D7, and d3D7 was 91%, 90%, and 90%, respectively. The majority of individuals > or = 5 years of age had antibodies to both forms of MSA-2. The geometric mean antibody units increased with age with a plateau being reached by 15-20 years of age. There was a significant positive association of antibody prevalence with both the presence of the parasite and an enlarged spleen in children. This study provides the first evidence that antibodies against nonrepeat regions of MSA-2 are associated with fewer fever episodes and less anemia, both known to be indicators of malaria morbidity.
Autonomous time synchronization among radio ports in wireless personal communications (2002)

The implications for local exchange networks of wireless technology alternatives that could provide access to those networks are discussed. A practical "over-the-air" algorithm which is autonomously performed by individual ports and hierarchically controlled by the ports having the most reliable timing is described. This process involves only small overhead for demodulating special timing bits transmitted by other ports and adjusting timing accordingly. Computer simulations based on a TDMA (time division multiple access) system with port spacing of 2000-3000 ft and 500-kb/s transmission rate are used as an example to evaluate possible impacts on wireless access.
SHARP: efficient loop scheduling with data hazard reduction on multiple pipeline DSP systems (2002)

Computation intensive DSP applications usually require a parallel/pipelined processor in order to achieve specific timing requirements. Data hazards are a major obstacle against the high performance of pipelined systems. This paper presents a novel efficient loop scheduling algorithm that reduces data hazards for those DSP applications. Such an algorithm has been embedded in a tool, called SHARP, which schedules a pipelined data flow graph to multiple pipelined units, while hiding the underlying data hazards and minimizing the execution time. This paper reports significant improvement for some well-known benchmarks, showing the efficiency of the scheduling algorithm and the flexibility of the simulation tool.
Continuous Time-of-Flight Ranging Using a MEMS Diffractive Subwavelength Period Grating (de)Modulator (2008)

We present a time-of-flight (TOF) ranging experiment based on optical mixing. The key component in this experiment is the optical (de)modulator. consequently we also report on the design, fabrication, and characterization of a microelectromechanical system diffractive grating (de)modulator with a subwavelength period. The obtained results are an important step toward an optical mixing based TOF 3-D imaging system, which we will further develop in our future work.
<scp><i>S</i></scp><i>treptococcus pneumoniae</i> <scp>PBP2x</scp> mid‐cell localization requires the <scp>C</scp>‐terminal <scp>PASTA</scp> domains and is essential for cell shape maintenance (2014)

The transpeptidase activity of the essential penicillin-binding protein 2x (PBP2x) of Streptococcus pneumoniae is believed to be important for murein biosynthesis required for cell division. To study the molecular mechanism driving localization of PBP2x in live cells, we constructed a set of N-terminal GFP-PBP2x fusions under the control of a zinc-inducible promoter. The ectopic fusion protein localized at mid-cell. Cells showed no growth defects even in the absence of the genomic pbp2x, demonstrating that GFP-PBP2x is functional. Depletion of GFP-PBP2x resulted in severe morphological alterations, confirming the essentiality of PBP2x and demonstrating that PBP2x is required for cell division and not for cell elongation. A genetically or antibiotic inactivated GFP-PBP2x still localized at septal sites. Remarkably, the same was true for a GFP-PBP2x derivative containing a deletion of the central transpeptidase domain, although only in the absence of the protease/chaperone HtrA. Thus localization is independent of the catalytic transpeptidase domain but requires the C-terminal PASTA domains, identifying HtrA as targeting GFP-PBP2x derivatives. Finally, PBP2x was positioned at the septum similar to PBP1a and the PASTA domain containing StkP protein, confirming that PBP2x is a key element of the divisome complex.
Using milk flow rate to investigate milk ejection in the left and right breasts during simultaneous breast expression in women (2009)

The Showmilk can simply and non-invasively record milk ejections by measuring increases in milk flow rate that correspond with increases in milk duct diameter. For the first time measurement of milk flow rate has been used to confirm that milk ejections occur simultaneously in the left and right breasts during double pumping. The use of the Showmilk will facilitate further research into the relationship of milk ejection and milk removal.
Tin Dioxide Materials Chemically Modified with Trialkynylorganotins: Functional Nanohybrids for Photovoltaic Applications (2006)

Surface modification of nanoporous tin dioxide materials with fluorinated or perylene units is achieved with trialkynylorganotin compounds (see figure). Irreversible chemisorption occurs in solution at room temperature, yielding an organic layer at the oxide surface via the cleavage of the three tin–alkynide bonds of the precursor and the formation of Snbulk–O–Sn–C linkages. The dye-sensitized nanohybrids are suitable for solar-energy conversion devices.
Bismuth Compounds In Medicinal Chemistry (2012)

In recent years, the chemical potential of bismuth and bismuth compounds has been actively exploited. Bismuth salts are known for their low toxicity, making them potential valuable reagents for large-scale synthesis, which becomes more obvious when dealing with products such as active pharmaceutical ingredients or synthetic intermediates. Conversely, bismuth compounds have been widely used in medicine. After extensive use in the treatments of syphilis and other bacterial infections before the advent of modern antibiotics, bismuth compounds remain important for the treatment of several gastrointestinal disorders and also exhibit antimicrobial properties and cytotoxic activity, among others. This review updates relevant advances in the past few years, concerning the application of bismuth reagents and catalysts in innovative synthetic processes for the preparation of compounds of medicinal interest, as well as the preparation, biological evaluation and potential medicinal uses of bismuth compounds.
Is there an advantage in scoring early embryos on more than one day? (2009)

Day 2 or Day 3 evaluations alone are sufficient for morphological selection of cleavage stage embryos. The derived regression coefficients can be used prospectively in an algorithm to rank embryos for selection.
Colonic Tumor Membrane-Associated Glycoprotein: Isolation of Antigenically-Active Peptides after Chemical Cleavage (1977)

A membrane-associated glycoprotein fraction, referred to a CEA-M was isolated from human colonic tumor tissue by sodium dodecyl sulfate extraction of membrane fragments followed by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography, Bio-Gel A-1.5 gel filtration and preparative slab gel electrophoresis. With a m.w. of approximately 200,000, isoelectric point of about 4.2 and carbohydrate:protein ratio of 2:1, this glycoprotein has physiocochemical and antigenic similarities to carcinoembryonic antigen, CEA. Immunochemical studies have shown that antiserum developed for this glycoprotein possesses relative specificity for human colonic carcinomas. Chemical cleavage of this glycoprotein by 2-nitro-5-thiocyanobenzoic acid resulted in three major Coomassie Blue and two periodic acid Schiff stainable fragments (one of which stains with both). It was found that one of the glycopeptides, labeled as TA, isolated by affinity and covalent chromatography, contained 77% carbohydrates and possessed antigenic determinants recognized by at least 70% of the antibody population raised against the total glycoprotein fraction; purified antibodies to this region of the molecule seem promising for the development of a specific assay for gastrointestinal tumors.
Paraxanthine (metabolite of caffeine) mimics caffeine's interaction with sympathetic control of thermogenesis (1994)

The notion that paraxanthine (the major dimethylated by-product of caffeine) may be a biologically active metabolite that could mediate some of the effects of caffeine was tested in relation to the well-established property of caffeine as a thermogenic stimulant. From studies measuring the in vitro respiration rates of rat brown adipose tissue in the basal state and in response to ephedrine (an enhancer of norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings), it is shown that paraxanthine has the same potency as its parent compound, caffeine, in interacting with the adrenergic system to potentiate thermogenesis. These data provide the first direct demonstration of a physiological effect of the main metabolite of caffeine and raise the possibility that paraxanthine may contribute importantly to the ability of caffeine to potentiate the thermogenic effects of well-known stimuli of the sympathetic nervous system such as cold exposure, moderate exercise, and sympathomimetic drugs.