gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale: A Reliable and Feasible Tool for Scar Evaluation (2004)

At present, various scar assessment scales are available, but not one has been shown to be reliable, consistent, feasible, and valid at the same time. Furthermore, the existing scar assessment scales appear to attach little weight to the opinion of the patient. The newly developed Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale consists of two numeric scales: the Patient Scar Assessment Scale (patient scale) and the Observer Scar Assessment Scale (observer scale). The patient and observer scales have to be completed by the patient and the observer, respectively. The patient scale's consistency and the observer scale's consistency, reliability, and feasibility were tested. For the Vancouver Scar Scale, which is the most frequently used scar assessment scale at present, the same statistical measurements were examined and the results of the observer scale and the Vancouver scale were compared. The concurrent validity of the observer scale was tested with a correlation to the Vancouver scale. Furthermore, the authors examined which specific characteristics significantly influence the general opinion of the patient and the observers on the scar areas. Four independent observers have each used the observer scale and the Vancouver scale to assess 49 burn scar areas of 3 x 3 cm belonging to 20 different patients. Subsequently, the patients completed the patient scale for their scar areas. The (internal) consistency of both the patient and the observer scales was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha, 0.76 and 0.69, respectively), whereas the consistency of the Vancouver scale appeared not to be acceptable (alpha, 0.49). The reliability of the observer scale completed by a single observer was acceptable (r = 0.73). The reliability of the Vancouver scale completed by a single observer was lower (r = 0.69). The observer scale showed better agreement than the Vancouver scale because the coefficient of variation was lower (18 percent and 22 percent, respectively). The concurrent validity of the observer scale in relation to the Vancouver scale is high (r = 0.89, p < 0.001). Linear regression of the general opinions on scars of the observer and the patient showed that the observer's opinion is influenced by vascularization, thickness, pigmentation, and relief, whereas the patient's opinion is mainly influenced by itching and the thickness of the scar. Such an impact of itching and thickness of the scar on the patient's opinion is an important and novel finding. The Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale offers a suitable, reliable, and complete scar evaluation tool.
Identification of glutathione adducts of α-chlorofatty aldehydes produced in activated neutrophils (2015)

α-Chlorofatty aldehydes (α-ClFALDs) are produced by hypochlorous acid targeting plasmalogens during neutrophil activation. This study investigated the reaction of the α-chlorinated carbon of α-ClFALD with the nucleophile, GSH. Utilizing ESI/MS/MS, the reaction product of GSH and the 16-carbon α-ClFALD, 2-chlorohexadecanal (2-ClHDA), was characterized. The resulting conjugate of 2-ClHDA and GSH (HDA-GSH) has an intact free aldehyde, and the chlorine at the α-carbon is ejected. Stable isotope-labeled [d4]HDA-GSH was synthesized, which further confirmed the structure, and was used to quantify natural α-ClFALD conjugates of GSH (FALD-GSH) using reverse-phase LC with detection by ESI/MS/MS using selected reaction monitoring. HDA-GSH is elevated in RAW 264.7 cells treated with physiologically relevant concentrations of exogenous 2-ClHDA. Furthermore, PMA-treated primary human neutrophils have elevated levels of HDA-GSH and the conjugate of 2-chlorooctadecanal (2-ClODA) and GSH (ODA-GSH), as well as elevated levels of 2-ClHDA and 2-ClODA. Production of both conjugates in PMA-stimulated neutrophils was reduced by 3-aminotriazole pretreatment, which also blocks endogenous α-ClFALD production. Additionally, plasma FALD-GSH levels were elevated in the K/BxN mouse arthritis model. Taken together, these studies demonstrate novel peptidoaldehydes derived from GSH and α-ClFALD in activated human neutrophils and in vivo in K/BxN mice.
Drag reduction in wall-bounded turbulence via a transverse travelling wave (2002)

Computational experiments based on direct numerical simulation of wall-bounded flow reveal that turbulence production can be suppressed by the action of a transverse travelling wave. Flow visualizations show that the near-wall flow structure is altered substantially, compared to other turbulence control techniques, leading to a large amount of shear stress reduction (i.e., more than 30%). The travelling wave can be induced by a spanwise force that is confined within the viscous sublayer, it has its maximum at the wall, and decays exponentially away from it. We demonstrate the robustness of this approach, and its application in salt water using arrays of electro-magnetic tiles that can produce the required travelling wave excitation. We also study corresponding results from spanwise oscillations using a similar force, which also leads to large drag reduction. Although the turbulence statistics for the two approaches are similar, the near-wall structures appear to be different: in the spanwise oscillatory excitation there is a clear presence of wall-streaks whereas in the travelling wave excitation these streaks have disappeared. From the fundamental point of view, the new finding of this work is that appropriate enhancement of the streamwise vortices leads to weakening of the streak intensity, as measured by the normal vorticity component, and correspondingly substantial suppression of turbulence production. From the practical point of view, our findings provide guidance for designing different surface-based actuation techniques including piezoelectric materials, shape memory alloys, and electro-magnetic tiles.
The BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP Homology Domain of BNIP-2 Mediates Its Homophilic Association and Heterophilic Interaction with Cdc42GAP (2000)

We recently showed that BNIP-2 is a putative substrate of the fibroblast growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase and it possesses GTPase-activating activity toward the small GTPase, Cdc42. The carboxyl terminus of BNIP-2 shares high homology to the non-catalytic domain of Cdc42GAP, termed BCH (for BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP homology) domain. Despite the lack of obvious homology to any known catalytic domains of GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs), the BCH domain of BNIP-2 bound Cdc42 and stimulated the GTPase activity via a novel arginine-patch motif similar to that employed by one contributing partner in a Cdc42 homodimer. In contrast, the BCH domain of Cdc42GAP, although it can bind Cdc42, is catalytically inactive. This raises the possibility that these domains might have other roles in the cell. Using glutathione S-transferase recombinant proteins, immunoprecipitation studies, and yeast two-hybrid assays, it was found that BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP could form homo and hetero complexes via their conserved BCH domains. Molecular modeling of the BNIP-2 BCH homodimer complex and subsequent deletion mutagenesis helped to identify the region (217)RRKMP(221) as the major BCH interaction site within BNIP-2. In comparison, deletion of either the arginine-patch (235)RRLRK(239) (necessary for GAP activity) or region (288)EYV(290) (a Cdc42 binding sequence) had no effect on BCH-BCH interaction. Extensive data base searches showed that the BCH domain is highly conserved across species. The results suggest that BCH domains of BNIP-2 and Cdc42GAP represent a novel protein-protein interaction domain that could potentially determine and/or modify the physiological roles of these molecules.
Preparation of monolithic catalysts (2001)

Monolithic catalysts can be attractive replacements for conventional catalysts in randomly packed beds or slurry reactors. The conventional procedures for preparing catalysts, however, cannot simply be applied to monolithic catalysts. Different procedures are discussed on how to put a coat layer of a catalyst support material like alumina, silica, or carbon on a monolith body by either filling the pores in that support or by putting a layer on that support. Different methods to apply an active phase to the support are discussed as well. Finally, methods to convert ready-made catalysts into monolithic catalysts are presented.
Inflammatory Cytokines Stabilize SOXC Transcription Factors to Mediate the Transformation of Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes in Arthritic Disease (2017)

SOXC proteins are targets and pivotal mediators of proinflammatory cytokines during FLS transformation in arthritic diseases. Targeting of these proteins could thus improve current strategies to treat arthritic diseases and possibly other inflammatory diseases.
Recombinant DNA Made Easy II. Gene, Gene, Who's Got the Gene? (1989)

Research Article| April 01 1989 Recombinant DNA Made Easy II. Gene, Gene, Who's Got the Gene? Robert G. Thomson Robert G. Thomson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1989) 51 (4): 226–232. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448908 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert G. Thomson; Recombinant DNA Made Easy II. Gene, Gene, Who's Got the Gene?. The American Biology Teacher 1 April 1989; 51 (4): 226–232. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4448908 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1989 National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF IONIZATION OF SUPERSONIC AIR BY A CORONA DISCHARGE (2005)

A technique is developed to ionize supersonic air flow in a shock tube by a weak corona discharge. The driven section of the tube is open to the atmosphere. The shock propagates in the driven section at about 1 km/s by means of an area contraction near the downstream end of the driven section. Air is ionized by a unipolar corona discharge device comprising of a sharp-edged wedge as a high-field electrode inserted in a 41.25 mm (2 in.) ID tube that forms a low-field electrode. The device requires less than 0.5 W. A ring probe, downstream of the corona discharge device, collects charges (ions and electrons) from the air; its output voltage is thus a measure of the degree of ionization. The degree of ionization is varied by varying the corona discharge voltage and the flow speed. \n\n Corona generation was initially demonstrated with bench tests. These indicated an increased degree of ionization with an air flow created by a fan, relative to that in static air. Tests in a shock tube, with subsonic and supersonic air flow, and with a negative corona, provided results with the same ionization behavior. The operating range of discharge voltages is relatively small for a positive corona; hence, shock tube tests were confined to a negative corona.\n\n Shock tube test results indicate that, on a 10 millisecond time scale, corona generated ionization was convected downstream to the probe location in a supersonic flow. An anomalous shock tube result is a probe signal, without a corona discharge, that is similar, but weaker, to the signal with a discharge.\n\n Although the tests were done with shock speeds up to about 1 km/s and with atmospheric air ahead of shock wave, the technique of ionization and plasma measurement can be extended to higher speeds and lower pressures. It is also suggested that a supersonic wind tunnel with a Langmuir probe be used for this type of work.
Confocal multiview light-sheet microscopy (2015)

Selective-plane illumination microscopy has proven to be a powerful imaging technique due to its unsurpassed acquisition speed and gentle optical sectioning. However, even in the case of multiview imaging techniques that illuminate and image the sample from multiple directions, light scattering inside tissues often severely impairs image contrast. Here we combine multiview light-sheet imaging with electronic confocal slit detection implemented on modern camera sensors. In addition to improved imaging quality, the electronic confocal slit detection doubles the acquisition speed in multiview setups with two opposing illumination directions allowing simultaneous dual-sided illumination. Confocal multiview light-sheet microscopy eliminates the need for specimen-specific data fusion algorithms, streamlines image post-processing, easing data handling and storage.
Radiolabelling Study of the Heat‐induced Interactions Between α‐Lactalbumin, β‐Lactoglubulin and K‐Casein in Milk and in Buffer Solutions (1989)

ABSTRACT Radiolabeled α‐lactalbumin, β‐lactoglobulin and κ‐casein were added to milk prior to heating it at 95°C for up to 20 min. The distribution of these proteins between the micellar and serum phases and between various sized aggregates were determined chromatographically. The results from these and other supplementary experiments were consistent with a model of whey proteins denaturing in milk during heat treatment and using κ‐casein as a nucleation site for the formation of heat‐induced complexes involving disulfide bonding. These heat‐induced complexes, like κ‐casein itself, remained associated with the external surface of the casein micelle and continued to enlarge with additional heat treatment.
Parametric Study Of Hydrodesulfurization And Hydrodearomatization Of Gasoil In Hydrotreating Process Over Como–S Catalyst Using A Pilot Plant Integral Reactor (2012)

Penyahsulfuranhidro (dirujuk sebagai HDS) dan penyaharomatikanhidro (dirujuk sebagai HDA) bagi Minyak Mentah Ringan telah dijalankan menggunakan pemangkin sulfida CoMo–S di dalam reaktor integral mangkin padat bertekanan tinggi. Kesan daripada parameter–parameter proses utama terhadap kualiti produk telah dikaji dengan mempelbagaikan suhu (200–370°C), tekanan (20 ke 50 bar) dan halaju ruang (1 hingga 4.7 h-1). Keputusan eksperimen menunjukkan, % aktiviti HDS dipertingkatkan sehingga 81% apabila suhu dinaikkan sehingga 370°C tetapi berkurang sehingga 60% dengan pertambahan halaju ruang sehingga 4.7 h-1. Selain itu, kputusan juga menunjukkan bahawa kadar % aktiviti HDA dipertingkatkan sehingga 40.6% apabila tekanan dinaikkan hingga mencecah 50 bar. Indeks setana menunjukkan peningkatan sebanyak 1–3 darjah dan graviti bertambah sehingga 1–1.7° API. Implikasi keputusan–keputusan ini terhadap industri penapisan adalah rawatan hidro sederhana terhadap bahan api diesel menggunakan teknologi tahap tunggal tidak memungkinkan loji penapisan tempatan menghasilkan bahan api yang memenuhi spesifikasi semasa (
Monte Carlo dose calculations in homogeneous media and at interfaces: A comparison between GEPTS, EGSnrc, MCNP, and measurements (2002)

Three Monte Carlo photon/electron transport codes (GEPTS, EGSnrc, and MCNP) are bench-marked against dose measurements in homogeneous (both low- and high-Z) media as well as at interfaces. A brief overview on physical models used by each code for photon and electron (positron) transport is given. Absolute calorimetric dose measurements for 0.5 and 1 MeV electron beams incident on homogeneous and multilayer media are compared with the predictions of the three codes. Comparison with dose measurements in two-layer media exposed to a 60Co gamma source is also performed. In addition, comparisons between the codes (including the EGS4 code) are done for (a) 0.05 to 10 MeV electron beams and positron point sources in lead, (b) high-energy photons (10 and 20 MeV) irradiating a multilayer phantom (water/steel/air), and (c) simulation of a 90Sr/90Y brachytherapy source. A good agreement is observed between the calorimetric electron dose measurements and predictions of GEPTS and EGSnrc in both homogeneous and multilayer media. MCNP outputs are found to be dependent on the energy-indexing method (Default/ITS style). This dependence is significant in homogeneous media as well as at interfaces. MCNP(ITS) fits more closely the experimental data than MCNP(DEF), except for the case of Be. At low energy (0.05 and 0.1 MeV), MCNP(ITS) dose distributions in lead show higher maximums in comparison with GEPTS and EGSnrc. EGS4 produces too penetrating electron-dose distributions in high-Z media, especially at low energy (<0.1 MeV). For positrons, differences between GEPTS and EGSnrc are observed in lead because GEPTS distinguishes positrons from electrons for both elastic multiple scattering and bremsstrahlung emission models. For the 60Co source, a quite good agreement between calculations and measurements is observed with regards to the experimental uncertainty. For the other cases (10 and 20 MeV photon sources and the 90Sr/90Y beta source), a good agreement is found between the three codes. In conclusion, differences between GEPTS and EGSnrc results are found to be very small for almost all media and energies studied. MCNP results depend significantly on the electron energy-indexing method.
Reactive Oxygen Species Production Is Involved in Quercetin-Induced Apoptosis in Human Hepatoma Cells (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Asia. The aim of this study was to examine whether reactive oxygen species production is involved in quercetin-induced apoptosis in human HCC cell lines. Quercetin inhibited the growth of hepatoma cells in dose and time dependent manners. Quercetin treatment of hepatoma cells resulted in changes of cell cycle progression. The G0/G1phase was decreased and S phase was increased in HA22T/VGH cells after treatment with quercetin. The levels of apoptotic sub-G0/G1, reactive oxygen species and annexin V were increased prior to cell death and concurrent with lipid peroxidation in two human hepatoma cells after treatment with quercetin. Quercetin also enhanced the apoptotic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent, paclitaxel, in HA22T/VGH cells. Quercetin has therapeutic potential as an anti-cancer drug. These results provide basis for further study into the potential use of quercetin in combination with paclitaxel for treatment of hepatoma.
Compositionally tuned 0.94-μm lasers: a comparative laser material study and demonstration of 100-mJ Q-switched lasing at 0.946 and 0.9441 μm (2001)

A new and innovative composite laser material Nd:YAG/sub x/YSAG/sub 1-x/ has been developed with several objectives in mind; tunability, efficiency, and minimization of the deleterious effects of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in Q-switched operation. Wavelength tuning to the requisite wavelength 0.9441 /spl mu/m was achieved by using the technique referred to as compositional tuning; that is, using nonstoichiometric laser materials to shift the wavelength for precise tuning. Laser efficiency was achieved by studying the physics of 0.94-/spl mu/m transitions in nonstoichiometric materials; i.e., by examining the effects of the host on the linewidth and cross section of of 0.94 /spl mu/m neodymium (Nd) transitions, ASE was minimized by choosing materials with a small ratio of 1.06- to 0.94-/spl mu/m peak cross sections. A comparative study of six different Nd-doped mixed garnet laser material systems was performed to meet the objectives above. Within these six material systems, over 20 laser materials were spectroscopically analyzed. The optimal laser material was found to be Nd:YAG/sub x/YSAG/sub 1-x/, which has been demonstrated to lase at the preselected wavelength of 0.9441 /spl mu/m, an important wavelength for remote sensing of water vapor. Operating this laser on the /sup 4/F/sub 3/2//spl rarr//sup 4/I/sub 9/2/ transition in Nd:YAG/sub 0.18/YSAG/sub 0.82/ at 0.9441 /spl mu/m, has produced for the first time over 100 mT in the Q-switched mode. This represents one of the few lasers that have been designed to operate at a specific, user-preselected wavelength.
Perspectives on tubulin isotype function and evolution based on the observation that <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> microtubules contain a single α‐ and β‐tubulin (1993)

We have cloned and sequenced the two beta-tubulin genes of the ciliated protozoan Tetrahymena thermophila. The two genes encode identical 443 amino acid peptides which are 99.7% identical to the beta-tubulin proteins of T. pyriformis and 95% identical to human beta 1 tubulin. T. thermophila contains only one alpha-tubulin gene (Callahan et al., 1984: Cell 36:441-445). Thus, all of the extremely diverse microtubule structures in this unicellular organism can be formed from a single alpha- and a single beta-tubulin peptide. We have also carried out a phylogenetic analysis of 84 complete beta-tubulin peptide sequences. This analysis supports two hypotheses regarding beta-tubulin evolution and function: 1) Multifunctional beta-tubulins are under greater evolutionary constraint than beta-tubulins present in specialized cells or in cells with very few microtubule related functions, which can evolve rapidly; and 2) Cells which form axonemes maintain a homogeneous population of tubulins.
A Technical and Tactical Profile of the Double Olympic Judo Champion: A Case Study (2014)

The technical and tactical analyses of judo competitions are frequently discussed in the literature, yet individual profiling is scarce. The aim of the study was to determine the technical and tactical profile of one of the world's best judokas in the history of judo. Waldemar Legień is a retired Polish judoka and winner of two Olympic gold medals in different weight classes (78 kg and 86 kg). The present research on his career spans the period of 1991 to 1992, during which he competed in 24 tournaments, both at home country and abroad. His outstanding winning record could potentially lie in the fact that he employed techniques from each group of throws. His repertoire of nineteen different techniques, including throws and grapplings, attests to his technical excellence. Our study suggests that one distinctive feature of Legień as a super elite judoka was his technical and tactical versatility.
Modulation of markers associated with tumor aggressiveness in human breast cancer cell lines by N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide. (1995)

The retinoid N-(hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (4-HPR) appears to be a promising tool for chemoprevention of breast carcinoma, and clinical trials to evaluate its effect are in progress. However, its action on tumor cells has remained largely undefined. We report here that 4-HPR induced apoptosis and/or differentiation in breast cancer cell lines, independent of hormone receptor status and retinoic acid receptor expression, although it was slightly more efficient in inhibiting proliferation of estrogen receptor-positive cells. 4-HPR up-modulated expression of several differentiation markers (class 1 HLA, laminin, and beta 1 integrin chain) and down-regulated expression of molecules associated with tumor progression, including the p185/HER2 oncoprotein, the epidermal growth factor receptor, and the M(r) 67,000 laminin receptor. These data suggest that 4-HPR could exert a beneficial effect by inhibiting cell proliferation and modulating breast tumor aggressiveness.
Efficient 3-D series impedance extraction using effective internal impedance (2002)

The effective internal impedance approach, combined with the current-filament technique, has been shown to be a very efficient way to extract frequency dependent resistance and inductance of uniform interconnects. In this study, we show that this approach can be extended to find the series impedance of three dimensional structures. A microstrip bend is studied as a simple example.