gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanophotonic Atomic Force Microscope Transducers Enable Chemical Composition and Thermal Conductivity Measurements at the Nanoscale (2017)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) offers a rich observation window on the nanoscale, yet many dynamic phenomena are too fast and too weak for direct AFM detection. Integrated cavity-optomechanics is revolutionizing micromechanical sensing; however, it has not yet impacted AFM. Here, we make a groundbreaking advance by fabricating picogram-scale probes integrated with photonic resonators to realize functional AFM detection that achieve high temporal resolution (<10 ns) and picometer vertical displacement uncertainty simultaneously. The ability to capture fast events with high precision is leveraged to measure the thermal conductivity (η), for the first time, concurrently with chemical composition at the nanoscale in photothermal induced resonance experiments. The intrinsic η of metal-organic-framework individual microcrystals, not measurable by macroscale techniques, is obtained with a small measurement uncertainty (8%). The improved sensitivity (50×) increases the measurement throughput 2500-fold and enables chemical composition measurement of molecular monolayer-thin samples. Our paradigm-shifting photonic readout for small probes breaks the common trade-off between AFM measurement precision and ability to capture transient events, thus transforming the ability to observe nanoscale dynamics in materials.
A broadband achromatic polarization-insensitive metalens consisting of anisotropic nanostructures (2019)

Metasurfaces have attracted widespread attention due to an increasing demand of compact and wearable optical devices. For many applications, polarization-insensitive metasurfaces are highly desirable, and appear to limit the choice of their constituent elements to isotropic nanostructures. This greatly restricts the number of geometric parameters available in design. Here, we demonstrate a polarization-insensitive metalens using otherwise anisotropic nanofins which offer additional control over the dispersion and phase of the output light. As a result, we can render a metalens achromatic and polarization-insensitive across nearly the entire visible spectrum from wavelength λ = 460 nm to 700 nm, while maintaining diffraction-limited performance. The metalens is comprised of just a single layer of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanofins and has a numerical aperture of 0.2 with a diameter of 26.4 µm. The generality of our polarization-insensitive design allows it to be implemented in a plethora of other metasurface devices with applications ranging from imaging to virtual/augmented reality.
Improved Borehole Imaging by Ultrasonics (1998)

Summary A new ultrasonic tool for borehole and casing imaging has been developed based on recent cementation-imaging technology. A rotating ultrasonic transducer scans the borehole at a high sampling rate to provide detailed images of echo amplitude and radius. A 250- or 500-kHz focused transducer gives high resolution, penetration in heavy mud, and low sensitivity to tool eccentering. The echoes are analyzed by a downhole digital signal processor to optimize the accuracy and reliability of the radius measurement. The measurements are corrected for eccentering, and the image color scales are dynamically adjusted for optimum sensitivity in real time by the surface computer. Comparisons with electrical imaging tools show that the ultrasonic amplitude measurement tends to respond to lithology indirectly by changes in borehole radius or rugosity. Ultrasonic imaging is unique in making quantitative high-resolution measurements of borehole geometry that are useful for borehole-stability analysis. Examples of automatic hole-shape analysis are shown. The tool can also evaluate internal casing corrosion and detect holes.
Generating targeted paraphrases for improved translation (2013)

Today's Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) systems require high-quality human translations for parameter tuning, in addition to large bitexts for learning the translation units. This parameter tuning usually involves generating translations at different points in the parameter space and obtaining feedback against human-authored reference translations as to how good the translations. This feedback then dictates what point in the parameter space should be explored next. To measure this feedback, it is generally considered wise to have multiple (usually 4) reference translations to avoid unfair penalization of translation hypotheses which could easily happen given the large number of ways in which a sentence can be translated from one language to another. However, this reliance on multiple reference translations creates a problem since they are labor intensive and expensive to obtain. Therefore, most current MT datasets only contain a single reference. This leads to the problem of reference sparsity. In our previously published research, we had proposed the first paraphrase-based solution to this problem and evaluated its effect on Chinese-English translation. In this article, we first present extended results for that solution on additional source languages. More importantly, we present a novel way to generate “targeted” paraphrases that yields substantially larger gains (up to 2.7 BLEU points) in translation quality when compared to our previous solution (up to 1.6 BLEU points). In addition, we further validate these improvements by supplementing with human preference judgments obtained via Amazon Mechanical Turk.
Is It New (1968)

Education by hard, cold definition is a drawing, or leading out process-a growing into, from the Latin verb “educo.” It would seem then, on the surface anyway, that any process or technique for teaching of reading or any other part of the curriculum would have been a gradual outgrowth of preceding techniques, philosophies or procedures. When news media and public communications systems, therefore, douse a reading and viewing public with buckets of intellectual baptism purported to be new and revolutionary, it would seem advisable for professional people to become acquainted with factual backgrounds of these so-called ”new” techniques before becoming ”band-wagon jumpers.”
A Bayesian pharmacometric approach for personalized medicine: a proof of concept study with simulated data (2009)

The objective of this research program is to optimize drug dose regimen for an individual, using minimally invasive clinical testing, in order to reduce both the total cost of treatment and the risk for over or under-medication using a Bayesian modeling approach. The challenge is to extract the PharmacoKinetic/PharmacoDynamic(PK/PD) parameters for an individual from population level plasma concentration information gathered in clinical trials along with one or two plasma samples from an individual and use these personalized parameters in determining most appropriate dose regimen for a specific patient. In this study we illustrate the plausibility of our methodology through a proof-of-concept study with simulated data.
Designing and Managing Data centers Powered by Renewable Energy (2014)

On-site renewable energy has the potential to reduce datacenters' carbon footprint and power and energy costs. The authors built Parasol, a solar-powered datacenter, and GreenSwitch, a system for scheduling workloads, to explore this potential in a controlled research setting.
RESURF stepped oxide (RSO) MOSFET for 85V having a record-low specific on-resistance (2004)

A RESURF stepped oxide (RSO) transistor is presented and electrically characterised. The processed RSO MOSFET includes a trench field-plate network in the drift region that is isolated with a thick oxide layer. This trench network has a hexagonal layout that induces an improved RESURF effect at breakdown compared with the more common stripe (2D) layout. Consequently, the effective doping can be two times higher for the hexagonal layout. We have obtained a record value for the specific on-resistance (R/sub ds,on/) of 58 m/spl Omega/.mm/sup 2/ at V/sub gs/=10 V for a breakdown voltage (BV/sub ds/,) of 85 V. These values have been obtained for devices having a 4.0 /spl mu/m cell pitch and a 5 /spl mu/m long drift region with a doping level of 2.10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/. Measurements of the gate-drain charge density (Q/sub gd/) for these devices show that Q/sub gd/ is fully dominated by the oxide capacitance of the field-plate along the drift region.
A High Temperature Lithium Orthosilicate-Based Solid Absorbent for Post Combustion CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2012)

Capture of carbon dioxide from combustion processes presents a unique and challenging technical problem arising from low CO2 partial pressures, high flow rates, and the presence of water vapor and reactive contaminants such as SO2. A series of solid sorbents were evaluated to determine suitability for postcombustion capture. A lithium orthosilicate (Li4SiO4)-based absorbent supplied by Toshiba Corporation was found to have the most promising properties. The absorbent reacts chemically with CO2 at elevated temperatures (550 °C) to form lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) and lithium metasilicate (Li2SiO3). The presence of water vapor was shown to greatly enhance CO2 absorption rates without affecting capacity. Breakthrough capacities of ∼5–6 mmol/g (22–26 wt %) were obtained using a “clean” synthetic flue gas containing 15% CO2 and 10% H2O in N2 at 550 °C. Experimental studies showed that the absorbent used in a fixed bed process will likely require a thermal swing process with absorption at 550 °C and regeneration at 650 °C. Even for the high capacity of the Li4SiO4-based absorbent, an alternative to conventional fixed bed technology will be required for practical postcombustion capture from coal-fired power plants. Processes that can shorten cycle times by rapidly heating and cooling vessels and/or sorbents will be needed, and possible alternatives are described.
Performance of an OLTP application on symmetry multiprocessor system (1990)

Sequent's Symmetry Series is a bus-based shared-memory multiprocessor. System performance in an OLTP relational database application was investigated using the TP1 benchmark. System performance was tested with fully-cached benchmarks and with scaled benchmarks. In fully-cached tests, the entire database fits inside main memory. In scaled tests, the database is larger than available memory. In the fully-cached benchmark, performance was initially limited by bus saturation. The cause was the transfer of process context from processor to processor. This was eliminated by assigning each process to a processor. Processor affinity was combined with reductions in message-passing within the database. Throughput was dramatically improved. The scaled tests were I/O bound. This bottleneck can be eliminated by connecting more disk drives, or by increasing the main memory size.
Effect of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid on gene expression of the critical enzymes involved in homocysteine metabolism (2012)

Our results suggest that DHA up-regulates CSE and MTHFR mRNA expression and down-regulates MAT mRNA expression involved in Hcy metabolism.
A NOVEL DUAL-POLARIZED DIPOLE ANTENNA WITH COMPACT SIZE FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION (2013)

A novel dual-polarized dipole antenna with compact size is presented for wireless communication applications. The proposed antenna is composed of a dual-polarized cross dipole, a small-sized tapered re∞ector, a square patch director, and an octagon ring as a parasitic element. Low VSWRs ( 38dB) and symmetric broadside radiation patterns are also achieved. Two dual- polarized reference antennas are also developed. Contrast results show that the proposed antenna can obtain improved radiation patterns compared with the reference antennas. Moreover, the proposed antenna is very compact in size (0:52‚0 £ 0:52‚0 £ 0:32‚0, ‚0 refers to the center frequency of operating band), which achieves about 20% size reduction than Ref 2. Experimental results are also carried out to verify the simulation analysis.
Buprenorphine maintenance versus placebo or methadone maintenance for opioid dependence (2014)

Buprenorphine is an effective medication in the maintenance treatment of heroin dependence, retaining people in treatment at any dose above 2 mg, and suppressing illicit opioid use (at doses 16 mg or greater) based on placebo-controlled trials.However, compared to methadone, buprenorphine retains fewer people when doses are flexibly delivered and at low fixed doses. If fixed medium or high doses are used, buprenorphine and methadone appear no different in effectiveness (retention in treatment and suppression of illicit opioid use); however, fixed doses are rarely used in clinical practice so the flexible dose results are more relevant to patient care. Methadone is superior to buprenorphine in retaining people in treatment, and methadone equally suppresses illicit opioid use.
The Plasmodium serine-type SERA proteases display distinct expression patterns and non-essential in vivo roles during life cycle progression of the malaria parasite (2009)

Parasite proteases play key roles in several fundamental steps of the Plasmodium life cycle, including haemoglobin degradation, host cell invasion and parasite egress. Plasmodium exit from infected host cells appears to be mediated by a class of papain-like cysteine proteases called 'serine repeat antigens' (SERAs). A SERA subfamily, represented by Plasmodium falciparum SERA5, contains an atypical active site serine residue instead of a catalytic cysteine. Members of this SERAser subfamily are abundantly expressed in asexual blood stages, rendering them attractive drug and vaccine targets. In this study, we show by antibody localization and in vivo fluorescent tagging with the red fluorescent protein mCherry that the two P. berghei serine-type family members, PbSERA1 and PbSERA2, display differential expression towards the final stages of merozoite formation. Via targeted gene replacement, we generated single and double gene knockouts of the P. berghei SERAser genes. These loss-of-function lines progressed normally through the parasite life cycle, suggesting a specialized, non-vital role for serine-type SERAs in vivo. Parasites lacking PbSERAser showed increased expression of the cysteine-type PbSERA3. Compensatory mechanisms between distinct SERA subfamilies may thus explain the absence of phenotypical defect in SERAser disruptants, and challenge the suitability to develop potent antimalarial drugs based on specific inhibitors of Plasmodium serine-type SERAs.
THE CLASSIFIED ADS (1986)

and its degrees in architecture, interior design landscape architecture, urban design, and planning.The librarian i responsible for supervision of a library assistant and 1.5 FTE studen staff, collection development, slide collection, specialized reference and library instruction.Involvement in the community outreach pro gram and fundraising activities is expected.Responsibilities as engi neering liaison include bibliographic instruction, collection develop ment, and reference service
Human proteome enhancement: High-recovery method and improved two-dimensional map of colostral fat globule membrane proteins (2001)

The human milk fat globule membrane protein composition is still largely unknown, although it counts for 2-4% of the total milk protein content and contains several important biologically active components. The aim of this work was to create a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) map of the human milk fat globule membrane proteins, both integral and membrane-associated, and to identify and characterize as many protein components as possible. A new protocol for the solubilization and extraction of the human milk fat globule membrane proteins with a double extraction procedure is presented, and the results compared with the extraction methods reported in the literature. The proteins were separated, in the first dimension, by isoelectric focusing (IEF) in the pH range 3-10 on strips of 13 cm length and, in the second dimension, by Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) on 11.5% T homogeneous gels. A reproducible 2-DE map of integral and membrane-associated proteins was obtained and the first 23 spots, representing the major components, were identified by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometric analysis and/or by amino acid sequencing.
Kinetics of alkaline hydrolysis of organic esters and amides in neutrally‐buffered solution (1990)

Abstract Reaction rate constants for the hydrolysis of organic esters and amides were determined at temperatures of 100–240°C in aqueous solutions buffered at pH values between 5.5 and 7.3. Experiments are modeled assuming alkaline hydrolysis with a thermodynamic solution model included to account for the temperature dependence of hydroxide ion concentration. In most cases, the ester hydrolysis second order rate constants agree well with published values from experiments in strongly basic solutions at pH values from 11 to 14 and temperatures from 25–80°C, despite the large extrapolations required to compare the data sets. The amide hydrolysis rate constants are about one order of magnitude higher than the extrapolated results from other investigators, but the reaction rate increased proportionally with hydroxide ion concentration, suggesting that an alkaline hydrolysis mechanism is also appropriate. These data establish the validity of the alkaline hydrolysis mechanism and can be used to predict hydrolysis reaction rates in neutrally‐buffered solutions such as many groundwater and geothermal fluids.
Synthesis and antihypertensive activity of a series of spiro[1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizine-2,5'-oxazolidin-2'-one]s (1983)

The 2R*,11bS* and 2S*,11bS* diastereoisomers of the spiro[1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizine-2, 5'-oxazolidin-2'-one] system were prepared by stereoselective methods. Evaluation of these compounds for antihypertensive activity by oral administration to the spontaneously hypertensive rat showed the 2S*,11bS* series was the more potent. Within that series it was found that small alkyl substituents at positions 3 and 4' enhanced antihypertensive activity and that methoxyl substitution at positions 9 and 10 was optimal. (2S,3S,11bS)-Spiro-[2-ethyl-9,10-dimethoxy-1,3,4,6,7, 11b-hexahydro-2H-benzo[a]quinolizine-2,5'-oxazolidin-2'-one] [(-)-9e] was one of the most efficacious compounds of this series, while its antipode, (+)-9e, was inactive. Selected compounds in this series were shown to be alpha-adrenoceptor antagonists.
Analyzing the marine traffic condition for estimating the high risk areas in the emergency evacuation (2015)

To let the Tsunami go past safely, the navigators normally navigate ships to the deep-water area that is sometimes said more than 200 meters. In this time, understanding the traffic condition around the ship is very important especially heavy traffic areas for avoiding the collision. It is also true that in such time, the ship's own ship's maneuverability might be hugely decreased because of sea conditions such as Tsunami and the strong current caused by the ebb tide before the Tsunami. These incidents also increase the collision risk. For reducing the risk of collision in such time, it is useful to know the marine traffic condition previously. Then, the navigator estimates the high-risk areas considering the maneuverability. For this purpose, the ship owners demand the marine traffic analysis. Even though the marine traffic observation and analysis have been carried out in various reasons, there are few established ways for analyzing the traffic condition for the emergency situation. For this reason, the author carried out the marine traffic condition analysis by using gas model based on method and the model based on the Obstacle Zone by Target (OZT). The author introduced the model based on a gas molecular collision calculation model for calculating area risk. By applying this method, it is possible to analyze the area in terms of ships' relative angle, size, speed and density. The OZT method is developed to show the high collision risk area on the target ship's course. This method has been studied for avoiding the collision for the own ship in real time situation. In this paper, the author proposed the new method for the marine traffic analysis by using the OZT model. By using this method, it is possible to know the areas that are estimated as collision areas. For one week, Automatic Identification System (AIS) data was collected and analyzed on the Suruga Bay. Finally, the results by using two methods are studied.
Colonoscopy with robotic steering and automated lumen centralization: a feasibility study in a colon model (2015)

Colonoscopy with RS-ALC is technically feasible and appears to be easier and more intuitive than conventional steering for endoscopy-naive novices.
Development of an autonomous video rendezvous and docking system, phase 2 (1983)

Field-of-view limitations proved troublesome. Higher resolution was required. Side thrusters were too weak. The strategy logic was improved and the Kalman filter was augmented to estimate target attitude and tumble rate. Two separate filters were used. The new filter estimates target attitude and angular momentum. The Newton-Raphson iteration improves image interpretation.
Entrevista con Isidoro Gormezano (1983)

RESUMENLa investigación básica en aprendizaje sigue teniendo un papel central en la psicología contemporánea (aunque no prácticamente único, como llegó a ser en algún momento de la historia de nuestra ciencia). Dentro de este campo ha sido importante la investigación sobre mecanismos de condicionamiento realizada por Isodoro Gormezano, director de los laboratorios Spence, en Iowa. En esta entrevista realiza una breve reflexión sobre los desarrollos actuales de la psicología del aprendizaje y refiere algunos aspectos de su historia. Algunas de las posiciones mantenidas por Gormezano están fuera de la línea de opinión dominante en muchos sectores de la psicología contemporánea, por lo que pueden alentar un pensamiento crítico muy necesario para reflexionar sobre la psicología actual.
Heuristics in Job Shop Scheduling (1966)

The problem is that of scheduling jobs with diverse routings on the productive facilities in a shop such that the respective due dates are met, or failing this, the sum of lateness times is minimized. The approach is simulative in that the operation of the shop is simulated in a Fortran program, but in addition to the straightforward use of priority rules for determining sequences of jobs on the machines, a number of heuristics or rules of thumb are incorporated. Both the static and dynamic problems are investigated. The efficacy of a small number of heuristics in combination with certain priority rules is demonstrated.
Adaptive Methods for Linear Programming Decoding (2007)

Detectability of failures of linear programming (LP) decoding and the potential for improvement by adding new constraints motivate the use of an adaptive approach in selecting the constraints for the underlying LP problem. In this paper, we make a first step in studying this method, and show that it can significantly reduce the complexity of the problem, which was originally exponential in the maximum check-node degree. We further show that adaptively adding new constraints, e.g. by combining parity checks, can provide large gains in the performance.
Immunogenicity of a novel Clade B HIV-1 vaccine combination: Results of phase 1 randomized placebo controlled trial of an HIV-1 GM-CSF-expressing DNA prime with a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine boost in healthy HIV-1 uninfected adults (2017)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01571960.