gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Fgf-10</i> is required for both limb and lung development and exhibits striking functional similarity to <i>Drosophila branchless</i> (1998)

Fgf-10-deficient mice (Fgf-10(-/-)) were generated to determine the role(s) of Fgf-10 in vertebrate development. Limb bud initiation was abolished in Fgf-10(-/-) mice. Strikingly, Fgf-10(-/-) fetuses continued to develop until birth, despite the complete absence of both fore- and hindlimbs. Fgf-10 is necessary for apical ectodermal ridge (AER) formation and acts epistatically upstream of Fgf-8, the earliest known AER marker in mice. Fgf-10(-/-) mice exhibited perinatal lethality associated with complete absence of lungs. Although tracheal development was normal, main-stem bronchial formation, as well as all subsequent pulmonary branching morphogenesis, was completely disrupted. The pulmonary phenotype of Fgf-10(-/-) mice is strikingly similar to that of the Drosophila mutant branchless, an Fgf homolog.
Ritmičke stimulacije i poticanje ranog govorno-jezičnog razvoja (2010)

Rhythmical stimulations" is a therapeutic procedure where speech and language therapy, the Verbo-tonal method and the Laban movement theory are used to achieve better verbal and communication skills.In the Polyclinic SUVAG, the "rhythmical stimulations" procedure is conducted by a Speech and Language Pathologist who has also a degree in the "Rhythm and Body Movement", and works in the Speech and Language Disorders Department.When examining the number and chronological age of all children engaged in the "rhythmical stimulations" in April 2006, the author focused on a sample of children with language impairments under the age of 4 and he analysed their speech and language diagnosis.While creating the sample, the following data were used: chronological age, certain anamnesis data, and the engagement in other types of therapy, the duration of therapy and the recommendations for future therapy.The need for early education of parents and caregivers in kindergartens is also emphasized and within this program, we specifically stress the need for early consulting, monitoring and direct therapy of young children with delayed speech and language development.
AUMENTAN LOS CASOS DE VIH ENTRE MUJERES. DÍA MUNDIAL DE LA LUCHA CONTRA EL SIDA (2015)

EN 1983 SE REPORTO EL PRIMER CASO DE SINDROME DE INMU­NODEFICIENCIA ADQUIRIDA EN MEXICO; DESDE ENTONCES A LA FECHA HAY UN ACUMULADO DE 178 MIL 591 CASOS NOTIFICADOS CON SIDA. LA CIFRA ACTUAL DE PERSONAS VIVAS CON ESE PADECI­MIENTO ES DE 68 MIL 178, ASI COMO 56 MIL 540 CON VIRUS DE INMUNODEFICIENCIA HUMANA (VIH), INDICO PATRICIA VOLKOW FERNANDEZ, ACADEMICA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA. LA EPIDEMIA EN EL SECTOR FEMENINO VA EN INCREMENTO, ACTUALMENTE REPRESENTA 21 POR CIENTO DE LOS CASOS DE INFECTADOS POR VIH. “EL PROBLEMA ES QUE NO SE IDENTIFICAN EN RIESGO Y NO SOLO NO SE PROTEGEN, NI SIQUIERA SE LES OCURRE QUE PODRIAN ESTAR CONTAGIADAS, POR LO QUE SU DIAGNOSTICO ES TARDIO”. ADEMAS, EL SIDA ES LA OCTAVA CAUSA DE MUERTE EN LOS ESTADOS DEL SUR Y CENTRO DEL PAIS, ASI COMO LA SEXTA EN EL NORTE. EN PROMEDIO, 104 MIL PERSONAS RECIBEN TRATAMIENTO ANTIRRETROVIRAL EN EL SECTOR SALUD Y UNOS SIETE MIL 500 CASOS NUEVOS INGRESAN CADA ANO PARA RECIBIRLO. HOY EN DIA, SE HAN LOGRADO AVANCES IMPORTANTES PARA EL CONTROL GRACIAS AL ACCESO A LOS TRATAMIENTOS ANTIRRETROVI­RALES, PROSIGUIO. SIN EMBARGO, EN LA NACION AUN HAY ASIGNATURAS PENDIENTES, EN PARTICULAR, LA PREVENCION DE LA TRANSMISION POR LA VIA PERINATAL. EN OCASION DEL DIA MUNDIAL DE LA LUCHA CONTRA EL SIDA, QUE SE CONMEMORA ESTE 1 DE DICIEMBRE, LA PROFESORA DEL CURSO DE POSGRADO DE INFECTOLOGIA DE LA FACULTAD DE MEDICINA ADVIRTIO QUE UNA MUJER CON VIH (AGENTE CAUSAL DEL SIDA) NO DEBE AMAMANTAR A SU BEBE, POR LO QUE TAMBIEN TIENE QUE UTILIZAR SUSTITUTOS DE LECHE MATERNA EN LOS DOS PRIMEROS ANOS DE VIDA, POR LO MENOS.
Porous monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization (1998)

The precipitation polymerization of commercial divinylbenzene in acetonitrile containing up to 40 vol. % toluene or other cosolvents is shown to produce novel porous monodisperse poly(divinylbenzene) microspheres. These microspheres have diameters between 4 and 7 μm, total pore volumes of up to 0.52 cm3/g, and surface areas of up to 800 m2/g. As no surfactant nor stabilizer was used in the preparation of these particles, their surfaces are free of any such residues. The particles were slurry-packed into stainless steel columns for size exclusion chromatography evaluation, and the results show an exclusion limit at molecular weights of 500 g/mol. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1543–1551, 1998
Turbomachinery prognostics and health management via eddy current sensing: current developments (1999)

This paper describes selected aspects of an ongoing program of prognostics and health management for jet engines and other turbomachinery. The primary enabling technology developed to date is a magnetic sensor relying for its operation on high-frequency eddy currents actively induced in passing fan or turbine blades. We summarize the sensor principles, sketch the processing approach used to extract health-related information from the sensor output, illustrate the sensor performance with results from engine tests, and describe the near-term and continuing prognostics and health management program in which the sensor is integrated.
Distributed PCA-based anomaly detection in wireless sensor networks (2010)

Detecting anomalies is an important challenge for intrusion detection and fault diagnosis in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper, we propose a distributed energy-efficient approach for detecting anomalies in sensed data in a WSN. The anomalies in sensed data can be caused due to compromised or malfunctioning nodes. In the proposed approach, we use distributed principal component analysis (DPCA) and fixed-width clustering (FWC) in order to establish a global normal profile and to detect anomalies. The process of establishing the global normal profile is distributed among all sensor nodes. We also use weighted coefficients and a forgetting curve to periodically update the established normal profile. We demonstrate that the proposed distributed approach achieves comparable accuracy compared to a centralized approach, while the communication overhead in the network and energy consumption is significantly reduced.
A fluorescent cholesterol analog traces cholesterol absorption in hamsters and is esterified in vivo and in vitro (1999)

The fluorescent cholesterol analog 22-(N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)amino)-23,24-bisnor-5-cholen-3beta-ol (fluoresterol) was characterized as a tool for exploring the biochemistry and cell biology of intestinal cholesterol absorption. Hamsters absorbed fluoresterol in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, with an efficiency of about 15-30% that of cholesterol. Fluoresterol absorption was blocked by compounds known to inhibit cholesterol absorption, implying that fluoresterol interacts with those elements of the normal pathway for cholesterol absorption on which the inhibitors act. Confocal microscopy of small intestinal tissue demonstrated that fluoresterol was taken up by absorptive epithelial cells and packaged into lipoprotein particles, suggesting a normal route of intracellular trafficking. Uptake of fluoresterol was confirmed by biochemical analysis of intestinal tissue, and a comparison of [(3)H] cholesterol and fluoresterol content in the mucosa suggested that fluoresterol moved through the enterocytes more rapidly than did cholesterol. This interpretation was supported by measurements of fluoresterol esterification in the mucosa. Four hours after hamsters were given fluoresterol and [(3)H]cholesterol orally, 44% of the fluoresterol in the intestinal mucosa was esterified, compared to 8% of the [(3)H]cholesterol. Caco-2 cells took up 2- to 5-fold more [(3)H]cholesterol than fluoresterol from bile acid micelles, and esterified 21-24% of the fluoresterol but only 1-4% of the [(3)H]cholesterol. Thus fluoresterol apparently interacts with the proteins required for cholesterol uptake, trafficking, and processing in the small intestine.
Sphingosine 1-phosphate induces contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle cells via S1P (2003)

Sph-1-P, derived from platelets and dephosphorylated on the cell surface, may induce the contraction of coronary artery smooth muscle cells through the S1P(2)/Rho signaling.
The Design of APL (1973)

This paper discusses the development of APL, emphasizing and illustrating the principles underlying its design. The principle of simplicity appears most strongly in the minimization of rules governing the behavior of APL objects, while the principle of practicality is served by the design process itself, which relies heavily on experimentation. The paper gives the rationale for many specific design choices, including the necessary adjuncts for system management.
A NEW SYNTHESIS OF CARBAMATES. THE REACTION OF CARBON MONOXIDE WITH AMINE AND ALCOHOL IN THE CO-PRESENCE OF SELENIUM AND TRIETHYLAMINE (1972)

Abstract Carbamates have been synthesized conveniently by the reaction of carbon monoxide with amine and alcohol by the use of selenium and triethylamine under mild conditions.
Ex vivo lipopolysaccharide‐induced interleukiri‐1 secretion from murine peritoneal macrophages inhibited by probucol, a hypocholesterolemic agent with antioxidant properties (1990)

Probucol, 4,4'-(isopropylidenedithio)bis(2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol), has been shown to inhibit atherogenesis in genetically hypercholesterolemic (Watanabe) rabbits. Since atherosclerotic lesions contain macrophages capable of screting interleukin 1 (IL 1) and other cytokines that could contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease, we have investigated whether probucol affects IL 1 secretion. Resident peritoneal macrophages from mice dosed with probucol secreted 40-80% less IL 1 than macrophages from control animals when stimulated in vitro with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The inhibitory effect of probucol was observed when IL 1 was assayed by the standard bioassay, the thymocyte proliferation assay, or a competitive IL 1 receptor binding assay. Probucol treatment had no effect on LPS-induced membrane IL 1 expression; secretion of tumor necrosis factor (TNF); Con A-induced splenic interleukin 2 (IL 2) and interleukin 3 (IL 3) release; and prostaglandin- or zymosan-induced secretion of prostacyclin, leukotriene C4, acid phosphatase, or superoxide anion. In contrast to the effect of oral administration, direct addition of probucol to macrophage cultures did not inhibit IL 1 release. Probucol administration did, however, inhibit the fall in serum zinc level induced by intravenous injection of LPS in zymosan-primed mice but had no effect on the LPS-induced increase in serum triglyceride levels, which indirectly confirms that probucol administration inhibits IL 1 but not TNF secretion. Paw granuloma induced in mice by heat-killed mycobacteria was inhibited by oral administration of probucol, an effect that may be attributable to inhibition of IL 1 secretion. Probucol neither reduced zymosan-induced liver granulomata in mice nor inhibited adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. We suggest that inhibition of IL 1 secretion from macrophages by probucol contributes to its therapeutic effects in atherosclerosis and may also result in beneficial activity in some chronic inflammatory diseases.
Oxidative Damage to the Membrane of Canine Erythrocytes with Inherited High Na, K-ATPase Activity. (1992)

Oxidative damage to the membrane in canine erythrocytes with inherited high Na, K-ATPase activity (HK cells) was compared with that in normal canine cells (LK cells). When 30 mM beta-acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) was applied to HK and LK cells, lipid peroxidation and hemoglobin denaturation occurred. Lipid peroxidation determined from malondialdehyde (MDA) formation was significantly lower in HK than in LK cells so far as endogenous glutathione (GSH) concentration was maintained at appropriate levels. With the depletion of GSH, MDA formation was accelerated and difference between HK and LK cells was not significant. Denatured hemoglobin bound to the membrane protein was less in HK than in LK cells. During incubation with APH, osmotic fragility increased markedly in LK cells, while HK cells showed very little change. The amounts of total lipid, total and free cholesterol, glycolipid, phospholipid and fatty acids were essentially the same in both cell types. Fatty acid compositions showed very small differences. The membrane of HK cells thus appear to have greater protection against oxidative damage induced by APH, owing to the presence of excess GSH in HK cells. The capability of HK cells to withstand oxidative damage would not be due to differences in membrane lipid compositions.
Severe cholestatic hepatitis from troglitazone in a patient with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes mellitus (2001)

Troglitazone is currently approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Hepatic abnormalities have been reported in up to 1.9% of patients receiving the drug. Severe hepatotoxicity, including the need for liver transplantation, has also been reported in patients treated with troglitazone. Troglitazone has been reported to be beneficial in a small group of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We present a patient with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetes mellitus who developed severe cholestasis after treatment with troglitazone. The exact mechanism of troglitazone toxicity is unknown, and whether preexisting liver abnormalities increase the incidence of toxicity is speculative. Further data are needed before more widespread use of troglitazone can be recommended for patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Triethylaluminum- or Triethylborane-Induced Free Radical Reaction of Alkyl Iodides and α,β-Unsaturated Compounds (2003)

A series of alpha,beta-unsaturated compounds, 1a-c, 9, 13, and 17, were used as reactants in free radical conjugate addition reactions with different radicals generated from alkyl iodides such as 3, 4, or 5 in the presence of triethylborane-oxygen in air or via the use of triethylaluminum-benzoyl peroxide as a free radical initiator. When the reactions were carried out using triethylborane-air, the products, in most cases, were clean and were easily purified. However, higher yields of the 1,4-adducts and less side reactions occurred when less reactive substrates were used as Michael acceptors in reactions with triethylaluminum-benzoyl peroxide and alkyl iodide under similar conditions. A mechanism for this is proposed in Scheme 1.
Anomalous Shape Changes of Silicon Nanopillars by Electrochemical Lithiation (2011)

Silicon is one of the most attractive anode materials for use in Li-ion batteries due to its ∼10 times higher specific capacity than existing graphite anodes. However, up to 400% volume expansion during reaction with Li causes particle pulverization and fracture, which results in rapid capacity fading. Although Si nanomaterials have shown improvements in electrochemical performance, there is limited understanding of how volume expansion takes place. Here, we study the shape and volume changes of crystalline Si nanopillars with different orientations upon first lithiation and discover anomalous behavior. Upon lithiation, the initially circular cross sections of nanopillars with <100>, <110>, and <111> axial orientations expand into cross, ellipse, and hexagonal shapes, respectively. We explain this by identifying a high-speed lithium ion diffusion channel along the <110> direction, which causes preferential volume expansion along this direction. Surprisingly, the <111> and <100> nanopillars shrink in height after partial lithiation, while <110> nanopillars increase in height. The length contraction is suggested to be due to a collapse of the {111} planes early in the lithiation process. These results give new insight into the Si volume change process and could help in designing better battery anodes.
Individual variation of the hypopharyngeal cavities and its acoustic effects (2005)

Morphological measurements of the hypopharynx are conducted to investigate the correlation between fine structures of the vocal tract and speaker characteristics. The hypopharynx includes the laryngeal tube and bilateral cavities of the piriform fossa. MRI data during sustained phonation of the five Japanese vowels by four subjects are obtained to analyze intra- and inter-speaker variation of the hypopharynx. Morphological analysis on the mid-sagittal and transverse planes revealed that the shape of the hypopharynx was relatively stable, regardless of vowel type, in contrast to relatively large inter-speaker variation, and these results are confirmed quantitatively by a simple similarity method. The small intra-speaker variation of the hypopharynx is confirmed by further morphological analysis using high-quality MRI data for one of the subjects, obtained by using the “phonation-synchronized method” and “custom laryngeal coil.” Furthermore, acoustical effects of the individual variation of the hypopharynx are estimated by using a transmission line model. Vocal tract area function of one of the subjects above the hypopharynx is combined with the hypopharyngeal cavities of other subjects, and their transfer functions are calculated. The results show that the inter-speaker variation of the hypopharynx affects spectra in the frequency range beyond approximately 2.5 kHz.
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997–2000) (2002)

Results confirm that in adult cattle, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is a sporadic acute intestinal disorder characterized by intraluminal hemorrhage and obstruction of the small intestine. Clostridium perfringens was consistently isolated from the feces of affected cows. The prognosis for affected cows was grave.
The Rutgers University Campus-Wide Information System (1994)

Times are changing. There was a day when you would walk to the corner store for the morning newspaper, to catch up on the events of the previous day. Maybe all you had was do is retrieve the paper from the flower bed in your front yard to find out last night's box scores of your favorite team. Then, of course, there was the college student who would spend countless hours at the library researching information needed for class tomorrow. Or maybe you just wanted to know the weather forecast.
WEATHERING OF HARDENED CONCRETE (1983)

Cement concrete behaves like an artificial calcareous rock and is vulnerable to weathering, resulting in a shortened life span of the structure. Damage to concrete due to weathering has been studied in simulated laboratory conditions on over 540 concrete specimens. The experimental results confirmed that the concrete suffers damage and consequently loses its compressive strength to the extent of 30-40%. A richer concrete with lower water-cement ratio and replacement of 20% cement, by weight with flyash is shown to enhance the resistance to weathering. Based on the data obtained, it is recommended that flyash be added to concrete hydraulic structures like canal linings, spillways and dams. (TRRL)
MEASURES OF EXPLAINED VARIATION IN GAMMA REGRESSION MODELS (2002)

ABSTRACT The common R 2 measure provides a useful means to quantify the degree to which variation in the dependent variable can be explained by the covariates in a linear regression model. Recently, there have been various attempts to apply the definition of the R 2 measure to generalized linear models. This paper studies two different R 2 measure definitions for the gamma regression model. These measures are related to deviance and sum-of-squares residuals. Depending on the sample size and the number of covariates fitted, so-called unadjusted R 2 measures may be substantially inflated, and the use of adjusted R 2 measures is then preferred. We study several known adjustments previously proposed for R 2 measures in regression models and illustrate the effect on the two unadjusted R 2 measures for the gamma regression model. Comparing the resulting measures with underlying population values, we find the best adjustment via simulation.
Steric hindrance-induced zwitterionic carbonates from alkanolamines and CO2: highly efficient CO2 absorbents (2011)

Sterically hindered amines such as 2-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]ethanol (TBAE) and 1-[(1,1-dimethylethyl)amino]-2-propanol (TBAP) were found to reversibly interact with CO2 in a 1 : 1 molar ratio exclusively through the hydroxyl group, producing zwitterionic carbonate species, which lose CO2 at considerably lower temperatures than the CO2-adducts of other alkanolamines including monoethanolamine and diethanolamine. The formation of zwitterionic carbonate species from TBAE and TBAP was supported by spectroscopic and computational studies.
A Geometric Model and a Graphical Algorithm for a Sequencing Problem (1963)

A geometric model is given for the problem of scheduling N jobs on M machines so that the total time needed to complete the processing of all jobs is minimized. This model leads to a graphical algorithm, the essence of which is the determination of a shortest path between two nodes in a finite network. Particular attention is given to the case of 2 jobs for which the algorithm developed is simple and efficient. The theoretical analysis is then extended to the general case. Computational problems arise in the general case primarily because of the difficulty of constructing the network.
Application of Ionic Liquids as Electrolytes in Lithium Rechargeable Cells (1999)

Pyrazolium cation based ionic liquid 1,2-dimethyl-4-fluoropyrazolium tetrafluoroborate ( DMFPBF4) that is not moisture sensitive was synthesized. Melting point, thermal stability, stability with lithium metal, conductivity, and electrochemical window of this ionic liquid were determined. LiMn2O4/Li cells utilizing DMFPBF4 + LiBF4 (or LiAsF6) were assembled and tested. The DMFPBF4 is thermally stable to 300 °C, it is very stable toward lithium metal in a wide temperature range, possess conductivity of 8.7 mS/cm(69 °C), window of ∼ 4.1 V, and has oxidation potential > 5 V vs. Li/Li+. The LiMn2O4 / Li cells show very high reversibility (> 9 6%).
Light scattering spectroscopy of human skin in vivo (2009)

We present an in vivo study of the reduced scattering coefficient of normal skin and of common melanocytic nevi in Caucasian subjects. The spectral shape of the reduced scattering coefficient is described well by a power-law dependence on the wavelength, in accordance with previous studies of light scattering by biological tissues. We investigate statistical variations in the scattering spectrum slope and also identify an inherent correlation between scattering intensity and scattering spectral slope, observed mainly in normal skin. In addition, we do not find any significant differences between the scattering properties of normal skin and common melanocytic nevi. Finally, we also provide a short review of previously published studies reporting on the light scattering properties of human skin both in vivo and in vitro.