gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autocorrelation based weighing strategy for short-term load forecasting with the self-organizing map (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a load forecasting method for short-term load forecasting which is based on a two-stage hybrid network with weighted self-organizing maps (SOM) and autoregressive (AR) model. In the first stage, a weighted SOM network is applied to split the past dynamics into several clusters in an unsupervised manner. Then in the second stage, a local linear AR model is associated with each cluster to fit its training data in a supervised way. Though this method can be used for forecasting any time series, it is best suited for processes which are non-linear and non-stationary and show cluster effects, such as the electricity load time series. Data of the electricity demand from Britain and Wales is used to verify the effectiveness of the learning and prediction of the proposed method.
Organization of the Indian hedgehog – parathyroid hormone-related protein system in the postnatal growth plate (2011)

In embryonic growth cartilage, Indian hedgehog (Ihh) and parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) participate in a negative feedback loop that regulates chondrocyte differentiation. Postnatally, this region undergoes major structural and functional changes. To explore the organization of the Ihh–PTHrP system in postnatal growth plate, we microdissected growth plates of 7-day-old rats into their constituent zones and assessed expression of genes participating in the h–PTHrP feedback loop. Ihh, Patched 1, Smoothened, Gli1, Gli2, Gli3, and Pthr1 were expressed in regions analogous to the expression domains in embryonic growth cartilage. However, PTHrP was expressed in resting zone cartilage, a site that differs from the embryonic source, the periarticular cells. We then used mice in which lacZ has replaced coding sequences of Gli1 and thus serves as a marker for active hedgehog signaling. At 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks of age, lacZ expression was detected in a pattern analogous to that of embryonic cartilage. The findings support the hypothesis that the embryonic Ihh–PTHrP feedback loop is maintained in the postnatal growth plate except that the source of PTHrP has shifted to a more proximal location in the resting zone.
Development of an ultra-compact mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance spectrophotometer (2014)

Mid-infrared spectroscopy has been an important tool widely used for qualitative analysis in various fields. However, portable or personal use is size and cost prohibitive for either Fourier transform infrared or attenuated total reflectance (ATR) spectrophotometers. In this study, we developed an ultra-compact ATR spectrophotometer whose frequency band was 5.5–11.0 μm. We used miniature components, such as a light source fabricated by semiconductor technology, a linear variable filter, and a pyro-electric array detector. There were no moving parts. Optimal design based on two light sources, a zippered configuration of the array detector and ATR optics could produce absorption spectra that might be used for qualitative analysis. A microprocessor synchronized the pulsed light sources and detector, and all the signals were processed digitally. The size was 13.5×8.5×3.5 cm3 and the weight was 300 grams. Due to its low cost, our spectrophotometer can replace many online monitoring devices. Another application could be for a u-healthcare system installed in the bathroom or attached to a smartphone for monitoring substances in body fluids.
Solid-phase synthesis of tetrasubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines (2012)

A facile solid phase synthesis of 2,4,6,7-tetrasubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines is described. The synthesis involves a highly efficient five-step route starting from resin-bound dimeric peptoids. To demonstrate the versatility of our method, a representative library of 108 tetrasubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines of high quality was synthesized.
Retracted: A Comparison between Three-Dimensional Visualization Guided Hepatectomy and Ultrasonography Guided Radiofrequency Ablation in the Treatment of Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma within the Milan Criteria (2017)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1155/2016/8931732.].
Viscoelastic Response Ultrasound Derived Relative Elasticity and Relative Viscosity Reflect True Elasticity and Viscosity: <i>In Silico</i> and Experimental Demonstration (2019)

Viscoelastic response (VisR) ultrasound characterizes the viscoelastic properties of tissue by fitting acoustic radiation force (ARF)-induced displacements in the region of ARF excitation to a 1-D mass-spring-damper (MSD) model. Elasticity and viscosity are calculated separately but relative to the applied ARF amplitude. We refer to these parameters as "relative elasticity (RE)" and "relative viscosity (RV)." We herein test the hypothesis that RE and RV linearly correlate to true elasticity and viscosity in tissue. VisR imaging was simulated in 144 homogeneous viscoelastic materials with varying elasticities and viscosities. Derived RE linearly correlated with material elasticity and varied by an average of 2.52% when the material viscosity changed from 0.1 to 1.3 Pa · s. Derived RV linearly correlated with material viscosity but varied by an average of 102.5% when material elasticity changed from 3.33 to 20 kPa. The effect of elasticity on RV measurement was compensated using the slope of the linear relationship between RV and natural frequency ( ω<sub>textn</sub> ). After compensation, RV [Formula: see text] (elasticity compensated RV) linearly correlated with material viscosity and varied by less than 1.00% on average when the modeled shear elastic modulus changed from 3.3 to 20 kPa. In addition to elasticity compensation, variation in ARF amplitude over depth was compensated, yielding RE<sub>DC</sub> and [Formula: see text]. RE<sub>DC</sub> and [Formula: see text] successfully contrasted elastic and viscous inclusions, respectively, in three simulated phantoms. Experimentally, in the homogeneous oil-in-gelatin phantoms and excised livers, RE<sub>DC</sub> linearly correlated with shear wave dispersion ultrasound vibrometry (SDUV) derived shear elastic modulus, and [Formula: see text] linearly correlated with SDUV-derived shear viscosity. In excised livers containing viscoelastic oil-in-gelatin inclusions, the inclusions were successfully contrasted from the liver background by both RE<sub>DC</sub> and [Formula: see text]. These results suggest that RE and RV are relevant for qualitatively assessing the elastic and viscous properties of tissue.
Artificial plasma formed by connected metallic wires at infrared frequencies (2009)

In this work, we investigate the influence of the plasmonic properties of metal and the effect of metal loss in the effective-medium properties of wire media formed by an array of connected rods at infrared frequencies. Using homogenization techniques, it is demonstrated that the plasmonic properties of metals may enable the design of artificial plasmas that mimic more closely the behavior of a continuous isotropic medium with negative permittivity. It is shown that when the plasmonic properties of the metal are dominant, the electrical length of the unit cell may be a very small fraction of the operating wavelength near the plasma frequency of the wire medium and that the spatial dispersion effects may be relatively weak. In addition, we investigate the possibility operating the artificial plasma in the regime $\text{Re}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}=\ensuremath{-}1$ to obtain a superlensing effect at infrared frequencies analogous to that characteristic of the silver lens.
Synthesis of 7‐[α‐(2‐aminothiazol‐4‐yl)‐α‐(z)‐methoximinoacetamido]‐3‐(1‐[<sup>14</sup>C]methylpyrrolidinio)‐methyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylate sulfate (1987)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound (6) is described. The reaction of sodium [ 14 C] formate with acetyl chloride produced the mixed anhydride. Treatment with pyrrolidine gave the N‐formyl compound in a 4 to 1 ratio with the N‐acetyl compound. 1 Separation and reduction with lithium aluminum hydride gave N‐[ 14 C]methylpyrrolidine 2 . Reaction with 7‐[α‐(2‐triphenylmethylaminothiazol‐4‐yl)‐α‐(z)‐methoximinoacetamido]‐1‐oxo‐3‐iodomethyl‐3‐cephem‐4‐carboxylate diphenylmethyl ester introduced the label into the cephalosporin. Treatment with acetyl chloride converted the sulfoxide to the sulfide. Formic acid at 39°C removed the protecting groups and treatment with 4N sulfuric acid produced the title compound as a sulfate salt.
Two types of abnormal genes for plasminogen in families with a predisposition for thrombosis. (1991)

The gene coding for plasminogen has been compared with several abnormal genes from Japanese patients by the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequence analysis. Two types of abnormal genes coding for plasminogen were identified in these patients. In the type I mutation, a guanosine in GCT coding for Ala-601 near the active-site histidine was replaced by an adenosine resulting in ACT coding for threonine. This mutation was also shown by the loss of a cleavage site for Fnu4HI endonuclease, a restriction enzyme that recognizes GCTGC but not ACTGC. In the type II mutation, a guanosine in GTC coding for Val-355 was replaced by a thymidine resulting in TTC coding for phenylalanine. This change was readily shown by digestion with Ava II endonuclease, a restriction enzyme that recognizes GGTCC and not GTTCC. The type I mutation has been found to be identical to a plasminogen variant identified in Japanese patients by amino acid sequence analysis and also detected by isoelectric focusing, whereas the type II mutation is a unique amino acid substitution in the connecting region between the third and fourth kringles in plasminogen. DNA sequence analysis also revealed that the abnormal genes carry several silent nucleotide substitutions located primarily within introns and 5' and 3' flanking regions.
A simple specific method for precipitation of low density lipoproteins. (1983)

A simple method is described for precipitation of low density lipoproteins. The results correlate well with those from ultracentrifugation in combination with polyanion precipitation (135 +/- 35 vs 136 +/- 35, r = 0.984, n = 13) or quantitative lipoprotein electrophoresis (r = 0.9287, n = 6394). In addition to lipoprotein analysis, this method may be used for the extracorporeal elimination of plasma low density lipoproteins.
The macrophage‐activating lipopeptide‐2 accelerates wound healing in diabetic mice (2004)

Wound healing in healthy individuals proceeds at an optimal rate. However, in patients, with -- e.g.-- locally impaired blood flow or diabetes, chronic wounds develop and often become infected. Chronic wounds mean a low quality of life for the afflicted patients, not to mention enormous costs. Rather than using recombinant growth factors to accelerate wound healing, we employed the toll-like receptor agonist macrophage-activating lipopeptide-2 (MALP-2) to improve the healing of full-thickness excision skin wounds in an animal model with obese, diabetic mice. A gene array experiment suggested that MALP-2 stimulates the release of various mediators involved in wound healing. Further data to be presented in this study will show (i) that MALP-2 is capable of stimulating the appearance of the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 at the wound site, (ii) that this leads to increased leucocyte and, in particular, macrophage infiltration and (iii) that MALP-2-treated wounds closed 2 weeks earlier than vehicle-treated controls. MALP-2, thus, appears to stimulate the early inflammatory process needed to set in motion the ensuing consecutive natural steps of wound healing resulting in wound closure.
IL-7 and IL-15 independently program the differentiation of intestinal CD3−NKp46+ cell subsets from Id2-dependent precursors (2010)

The natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp46 (encoded by Ncr1) was recently shown to identify a subset of noncytotoxic, Rag-independent gut lymphocytes that express the transcription factor Rorc, produce interleukin (IL)-22, and provide innate immune protection at the intestinal mucosa. Intestinal CD3(-)NKp46(+) cells are phenotypically heterogeneous, comprising a minority subset that resembles classical mature splenic natural killer (NK) cells (NK1.1(+), Ly49(+)) but also a large CD127(+)NK1.1(-) subset of lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi)-like Rorc(+) cells that has been proposed to include NK cell precursors. We investigated the developmental relationships between these intestinal CD3(-)NKp46(+) subsets. Gut CD3(-)NKp46(+) cells were related to LTi and NK cells in requiring the transcriptional inhibitor Id2 for normal development. Overexpression of IL-15 in intestinal epithelial cells expanded NK1.1(+) cells within the gut but had no effect on absolute numbers of the CD127(+)NK1.1(-)Rorc(+) subset of CD3(-)NKp46(+) cells. In contrast, IL-7 deficiency strongly reduced the overall numbers of CD3(-)NKp46(+)NK1.1(-) cells that express Rorc and produce IL-22 but failed to restrict homeostasis of classical intestinal NK1.1(+) cells. Finally, in vivo fate-mapping experiments demonstrated that intestinal NK1.1(+)CD127(-) cells are not the progeny of Rorc-expressing progenitors, indicating that CD127(+)NK1.1(-)Rorc(+) cells are not canonical NK cell precursors. These studies highlight the independent cytokine regulation of functionally diverse intestinal NKp46(+) cell subsets.
Transient virus infection and multiple sclerosis (2000)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, demyelinating disease of the CNS in which autoimmunity to myelin plays a role in pathogenesis. The epidemiology of MS indicates that it may be triggered by a virus infection before the age of adolescence, but attempts to associate a specific virus with MS have produced equivocal results. Many studies of the aetiology of MS have postulated that a persistent virus infection is involved, but transient virus infection may provide a plausible alternative mechanism that could explain many of the inconsistencies in MS research. The most studied animal model of MS is chronic relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (CREAE), which is induced in susceptible animals following injection of myelin components. While CREAE cannot provide information on the initiating factor for MS, it may mimic disease processes occurring after an initial trigger that may involve transient virus infection. The disease process may comprise separate triggering and relapse phases. The triggering phase may involve sensitisation to myelin antigens as a result of damage to oligodendrocytes or molecular mimicry. The relapse phase could be similar to CREAE, or alternatively relapses may be induced by further transient virus infections which may not involve infection of the CNS, but which may involve the recrudescence of anti-myelin autoimmunity. Although current vaccines have a high degree of biosafety, it is suggested that the measles-mumps-rubella vaccine in particular could be modified to obviate any possibility of triggering anti-myelin autoimmunity.
The nuclear pore‐targeting complex binds to nuclear pores after association with a karyophile (1995)

We recently showed that a karyophilic protein forms a stable complex, termed nuclear pore‐targeting complex (PTAC), with cytoplasmic components prior to nuclear porebinding. In this study, we cloned a cDNA encoding a 97 kDa of PTAC (PTAC97). Recombinant PTAC97 completely reconstitutes the nuclear binding‐step in conjunction with a 58 kDa component of PTAC (PTAC58) in the semi‐intact cell‐free transport assay. Biochemical analysis reveals that PTAC58 binds to a karyophilic protein, and PTAC97 is associated with PTAC58 in a 1:1 molar ratio. A complex of PTAC97 and PTAC58 targets nuclear pores, depending on the presence of a karyophile. These in vitro results suggest that the first step in nuclear import occurs through the targeting‐complex formation of a karyophile with PTAC58 bound to PTAC97.
2-Pyridylthioureas: Novel Nonpeptide Somatostatin Agonists with SST4 Selectivity (1999)

Somatostatin [somatotropin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF)] is a cyclic tetradecapeptide that is a potent inhibitor of growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary. In addition to the inhibitory effects on GH-release, SRIF-14 and SRIF-28, a 28-amino acid form of SRIF extended from the N-terminal end, inhibit the release of a variety of other peptides including glucagon, insulin, and gastrin, and both peptides act as neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the central nervous system and the periphery. SRIF exerts its potent inhibitory effects following binding to high affinity SRIF receptors (ssts) that have been identified on target tissues. The recent cloning of five ssts has confirmed that the effects of SRIF are mediated by a family of G protein-coupled receptors (sst1-5). Based on structural and pharmacological properties sst2, sst3, and sst5 belong to the SRIF1 receptor subclass, and the sst1 and sst4 subtypes comprise the SRIF2 subclass. The major difference between these two subclasses is that SRIF1 receptors bind octapeptide and hexapeptide SRIF-14 analogs with high affinity, while SRIF2 receptors bind these analogs with drastically reduced affinity. A screening program was initiated to identify a lead nonpeptide with affinity for sst1-5 receptors. The search focused on a scaffold with the following attachments: (1) a heteroaromatic nucleus to mimic the Trp8 residue, (2) a nonheteroaromatic nucleus to mimic Phe7, and (3) a primary amine or other basic group to mimic the Lys9 residue of SRIF-14. Using these criteria, a novel thiourea (NNC 26-9100, 17) was discovered as a structural lead. The key fragments in this compound are a heteroaromatic moiety (pyridine), an aromatic group, and a basic imidazole group connected through a thiourea scaffold. Compound 17 exhibited a Ki = 6 nM at sst4 receptors with a 100-fold sst4/sst2 selectivity and was shown to be a full agonist at this receptor subtype. This article will review the literature on the design and development of nonpeptide somatostatin receptor ligands and the therapeutic potential of these agents. Furthermore, our work on the development of 2-pyridylthioureas as sst4 receptor agonists will be described.
Reverse engineering 'a new definition for the nineties' (2003)

Reverse engineering defines a method where rapidly made copies of complex surfaces can be generated using noncontact optical and direct surface contact system probes. With the development of 3D CAD modeling, 3D digitizing, and rapid prototyping, the application of optical scanning using laser and Moire pattern techniques has hastened the market of reverse engineering. 3D modeling digitalization, a 3D videolaser system, 3D digitizing applications, and CAD/CAM compatibility are considered. Dimensional checks of complex parts and shapes and real-time fabrication of 3D parts with tolerance accuracies in the 0.7-1 mil range are achievable at costs that were not available with previous techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conversion-Associated Recombination in Yeast (1972)

Gene conversion and conversion-associated reciprocal recombination have been studied in various Saccharomyces cerevisiae hybrids. In a sample of 11,023 unselected meiotic tetrads, 907 conversions were observed at the arg4, thr3, his1, and SUP6 loci. Of these conversions, 445 (or 49.1%) were associated with reciprocal recombination of bracketing markers no more than 20-centimorgans apart. For conversions of two other loci, his2 and thr1, for which the bracketing markers were more than 20-centimorgans apart, recombination frequencies were significantly greater than 50%. These findings are discussed in terms of current models of genetic recombination. It is suggested that all meiotic crossing-over is characterized by the recombination events that are associated with conversion.
A Secure Device-to-Device Link Establishment Scheme for LoRaWAN (2018)

In the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the importance of communication technology to support communication between the various types of devices has become greater than ever before. Long Range (LoRa) and Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) are newly designed communication technologies for low-power long-distance communication in the IoT environment. Recently, LoRa and LoRaWAN have received much attention in academia and industry because low-power long-distance communication has not been supported by traditional communication technologies. Current LoRaWAN supports only communication between the end node and the central server. A recently introduced study enables device-to-device (D2D) communication in the LoRaWAN environment, which is not supported by the current LoRaWAN standard. This paper shows that direct communication between devices can reduce battery consumption. However, security is not considered in this paper and the security features of the LoRaWAN standard are also not applicable, which means that LoRaWAN D2D communication is exposed to a security threat. Therefore, we propose a secure link establishment scheme to protect the LoRaWAN D2D communication. With our scheme, both D2D nodes can securely share cryptographic keys for protecting the D2D communication. Through the security analysis, we prove that our scheme guarantees mutual authentication, confidentiality, and integrity. Performance evaluation shows that our scheme increases power consumption by approximately 5% compared with the basic scheme without security, but has little impact on overall battery lifetime. Consequently, the proposed scheme guarantees fundamental security requirements with sufficient feasibility.
Rational polytherapy in the treatment of acute seizures and status epilepticus (2011)

We used a model of severe cholinergic status epilepticus (SE) to study polytherapy aimed at reversing the effects of seizure-induced loss of synaptic GABA(A) receptors and seizure-induced gain of synaptic NMDA receptors. Combinations of a benzodiazepine with ketamine and valproate, or with ketamine and brivaracetam, were more effective and less toxic than benzodiazepine monotherapy in this model of SE.
Scaling Video Analytics Systems to Large Camera Deployments (2019)

Driven by advances in computer vision and the falling costs of camera hardware, organizations are deploying video cameras en masse for the spatial monitoring of their physical premises. Scaling video analytics to massive camera deployments, however, presents a new and mounting challenge, as compute cost grows proportionally to the number of camera feeds. This paper is driven by a simple question: can we scale video analytics in such a way that cost grows sublinearly, or even remains constant, as we deploy more cameras, while inference accuracy remains stable, or even improves. We believe the answer is yes. Our key observation is that video feeds from wide-area camera deployments demonstrate significant content correlations (e.g. to other geographically proximate feeds), both in space and over time. These spatio-temporal correlations can be harnessed to dramatically reduce the size of the inference search space, decreasing both workload and false positive rates in multi-camera video analytics. By discussing use-cases and technical challenges, we propose a roadmap for scaling video analytics to large camera networks, and outline a plan for its realization.
Repair of the Immature and Mature Craniofacial Skeleton with a Carbonated Calcium Phosphate Cement: Assessment of Biocompatibility, Osteoconductivity, and Remodeling Capacity (2005)

The results of these experiments suggest that the extent of remodeling of carbonated calcium phosphate cement is dependent on both the composition of the implant itself and the osteogenic capacity of the host and that carbonated calcium phosphate cement may be used successfully for inlay applications in the immature craniofacial skeleton.