gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Wideband Front-End With Tunable Notch Filter (2006)

This paper presents the design of an LNA with integrated tunable notch filter targeted for UWB receivers. Impulse-based UWB systems suffer from an increased BER in the presence of strong interferers due to reduced SNR. The first stage of the LNA achieves a wideband input match while the second stage employs an integrated bridged-T filter for interferer cancellation. The LNA has been implemented in a standard 0.18mum CMOS process. Simulated results show the notch filter is tunable from 3.5GHz to 7.0GHz with greater than 40dB of rejection. For a notch frequency of 5.3GHz, the noise figure and gain at 3.5GHz are 4.1dB and 12.1dB respectively
Direct Targeting of Rab‐GTPase–Effector Interactions (2014)

Small GTPases are molecular switches using GDP/GTP alternation to control numerous vital cellular processes. Although aberrant function and regulation of GTPases are implicated in various human diseases, direct targeting of this class of proteins has proven difficult, as GTPase signaling and regulation is mediated by extensive and shallow protein interfaces. Here we report the development of inhibitors of protein-protein interactions involving Rab proteins, a subfamily of GTPases, which are key regulators of vesicular transport. Hydrocarbon-stapled peptides were designed based on crystal structures of Rab proteins bound to their interaction partners. These modified peptides exhibit significantly increased affinities and include a stapled peptide (StRIP3) that selectively binds to activated Rab8a and inhibits a Rab8a-effector interaction in vitro.
Trends in the Western Native Plant Seed Industry since 1990 (2003)

Abstract In the 1990s western native seed markets expanded beyond traditional mineland reclamation and wildlife habitat customers to fire rehabilitation and nonprofit organization conservation efforts. The USDA Conservation Reserve Program’s emphasis on native plants for agricultural set-aside acreage was also a major contributor to industry growth during this period. In contrast to 13 y ago, government-based demand now dominates the market. Unpredictable government demand resulting from CRP and wildland fires has caused sharp price escalations when demand has exceeded supply. Conversely, overplanting and subsequent multi-year harvests of these perennial crops have resulted in price drops as seed stocks accumulated in the face of weakened demand. But overall, prices quadrupled between 1990 and 2000 before falling back in the 2000 to 2002 period. Furthermore, from 1996 to 2000 native grass seed acreage increased 118% to nearly 6070 ha (15 000 ac). Today, seed crops are much more likely to be produced by growers under contract to seed companies, rather than speculatively by producers/marketers as was typical in 1990.
Testicular Innervation is Necessary for the Response of Plasma Testosterone Levels to Acute Stress1 (1981)

At 1, 2, 4, and 7 weeks or 15 months postsurgery, bilateral denervation of the testes of mature male rats had no effect on basal levels of plasma testosterone, testicular weight, spermatogenesis, or mating behavior. However, bilateral denervation blocked an acute stress-induced rise of plasma testosterone. This is the first report of a possible role of testicular innervation in the mature male rat.
Acetylenes: cytochrome P450 oxidation and mechanism-based enzyme inactivation (2019)

The oxidation of carbon-carbon triple bonds by cytochrome P450 produces ketene metabolites that are hydrolyzed to acetic acid derivatives or are trapped by nucleophiles. In the special case of 17α-ethynyl sterols, D-ring expansion and de-ethynylation have been observed as competing pathways. The oxidation of acetylenic groups is also associated with mechanism-based inactivation of cytochrome P450 enzymes. One mechanism for this inactivation is reaction of the ketene metabolite with cytochrome P450 residues essential for substrate binding or catalysis. However, in the case of monosubstituted acetylenes, inactivation can also occur by addition of the oxidized acetylenic function to a nitrogen of the heme prosthetic group. This addition reaction is not mediated by the ketene metabolite, but rather occurs during oxygen transfer to the triple bond. In some instances, a detectable intermediate is formed that is most consistent with a ketocarbene-iron heme complex. This complex can progress to the N-alkylated heme or revert back to the unmodified enzyme. The ketocarbene complex may intervene in the formation of all the N-alkyl heme adducts, but is normally too unstable to be detected.
Mice containing a human chromosome 21 model behavioral impairment and cardiac anomalies of Down's syndrome (2001)

Trisomy 21 (Ts21) is the most common live-born human aneuploidy; it results in a constellation of features known as Down's syndrome (DS). Ts21 is the most frequent cause of congenital heart defects and the leading genetic cause of mental retardation. To investigate the gene dosage effects of an extra copy of human chromosome 21 (Chr 21) on various phenotypes, we used microcell-mediated chromosome transfer to create embryonic stem (ES) cells containing Chr 21. ES cell lines retaining Chr 21 as an independent chromosome were used to produce chimeric mice with a substantial contribution from Chr 21-containing cells. Fluorescence in situ hybridization and PCR-based DNA analysis revealed that Chr 21 was substationally intact but had sustained a small deletion. The freely segregating Chr 21 was lost during development in some tissues, resulting in a panel of chimeric mice with various mosaicism as regards retention of the Chr 21. These chimeric mice showed a high correlation between retention of Chr 21 in the brain and impairment in learning or emotional behavior by open-field, contextual fear conditioning and forced swim tests. Hypoplastic thymus and cardiac defects, i.e. double outlet right ventricle and riding aorta, were observed in a considerable number of chimeric mouse fetuses with a high contribution of Chr 21. These chimeric mice mimic a wide variety of phenotypic traits of DS, revealing the utility of mice containing Chr 21 as unique models for DS and for the identification of genes responsible for DS.
Designing a Fault-Tolerant Network Using Valiant Load-Balancing (2008)

Commercial backbone networks must continue to operate even when links and routers fail. Routing schemes such as OSPF, IS-IS, and MPLS reroute traffic, but they cannot guarantee that the resulting network will be congestion-free. As a result, backbone networks are grossly over-provisioned - sometimes running at a utilization below 10% so they can remain uncongested under failure. Yet even with such large over-provisioning, they still cannot guarantee to be uncongested, sometimes even with just a single failure. With our proposed approach, a network can be designed to tolerate an almost arbitrary number of failures, and guarantee no congestion, usually with an extremely small amount of over- provisioning. In a typical case, a 50 node network can continue to run congestion-free when any 5 links or routers fail, with only 10% over-provisioning. The key to the approach is Valiant Load-Balancing (VLB). VLB's path diversity allows it to tolerate k arbitrary failures in an N node network, with over-provisioning ratio of approximately k/N.
Context-dependent acoustic subword modeling for connected digit recognition (1993)

Accurate and robust connected digit recognition is essential for a wide range of telecommunication services. Based on training and testing using only clean network digit data, and using the same whole-word model architecture as in the TI/NIST connected digit testing, the string error rate increased from less than 1% to more than 5%. The performance degraded even further when evaluated on data collected with different network conditions. Most of the observed errors were caused by changing channel characteristics, highly variable digit pronunciations, and inadequate modeling of cross-digit coarticulation. Results are presented for a number of context-dependent whole-word and subword modeling techniques developed to overcome some of the above problems. The most effective one is a new acoustic subword modeling approach that assumes that each digit model consists of three parts, namely, head, body, and tail subword units. Multiple heads and tails are also allowed, one for each of the 11 possible preceding and following digits and the background. Cross-digit coarticulation is modeled by connecting the pair of digits through the corresponding tail and head units. Testing on about 12 000 digit strings, collected from five regions, this new model architecture reduced the string error rate to under 2%.
Ag-Specific Recognition, Activation, and Effector Function of T Cells in the Conjunctiva with Experimental Immune-Mediated Blepharoconjunctivitis (2003)

Ag-specific T cells initiate EC by first infiltrating the conjunctiva, where they become activated by the specific Ag in the conjunctiva.
Simulations of light scattering from a biconcave red blood cell using the finite-difference time-domain method (2005)

Numerical simulations of light scattering by a biconcave shaped human red blood cell (RBC) are carried out using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. A previously developed FDTD code for the study of light scattering by ice crystals is modified for the current purpose and it is validated against Mie theory using a spherically shaped RBC. Numerical results for the angular distributions of the Mueller scattering matrix elements of an RBC and their dependence on shape, orientation, and wavelength are presented. Also calculated are the scattering and absorption efficiencies. The implication of these results on the possibility of probing RBC shape changes is discussed.
Modulation of Thrombomodulin-dependent Activation of Human Protein C through Differential Expression of Endothelial Smads (2002)

Protein C is a plasma protease that in its active form plays a central role in the regulation of vascular function by modulating thrombosis, inflammation, and apoptosis. A central player in this pathway is the cytokine-regulated receptor thrombomodulin (TM), which functions as a co-factor for the thrombin-dependent generation of activated protein C. We have found that tumor necrosis factor-beta (TGF-beta)-dependent suppression of TM on endothelial cells is differentially regulated by endothelial Smad6s and Smad7. Overexpression of Smad6s resulted in activation of a TGF-beta reporter alone and enhanced TGF-beta response. Moreover, Smad6s overexpression suppressed TM and subsequently reduced activated protein C generation. Antisense inhibition of Smad6s expression enhanced the TM-dependent activation of protein C, whereas blocking the inhibitory Smad7 by antisense resulted in reduced TM-dependent activation of protein C. The effect of Smad6s appeared to be due, at least in part, to up-regulation of TGF-beta itself. Immunohistochemistry studies in normal versus atherosclerotic vessels showed that TM levels were suppressed in the endothelium over plaque. Consistent with the in vitro data, we found differential expression of Smad6s and Smad7 in normal versus atherosclerotic vessels, with Smad6s expression low in normal vessels but elevated in atherosclerotic vessels. In contrast, the opposite expression pattern was observed for Smad7. Overall, our results suggest that the relative balance of these intracellular Smads modulate the balance of endothelial function with regard to protein C activation.
miR390, <i>Arabidopsis TAS3</i> tasiRNAs, and Their <i>AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR</i> Targets Define an Autoregulatory Network Quantitatively Regulating Lateral Root Growth (2010)

Plants adapt to different environmental conditions by constantly forming new organs in response to morphogenetic signals. Lateral roots branch from the main root in response to local auxin maxima. How a local auxin maximum translates into a robust pattern of gene activation ensuring the proper growth of the newly formed lateral root is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that miR390, TAS3-derived trans-acting short-interfering RNAs (tasiRNAs), and AUXIN RESPONSE FACTORS (ARFs) form an auxin-responsive regulatory network controlling lateral root growth. Spatial expression analysis using reporter gene fusions, tasi/miRNA sensors, and mutant analysis showed that miR390 is specifically expressed at the sites of lateral root initiation where it triggers the biogenesis of tasiRNAs. These tasiRNAs inhibit ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4, thus releasing repression of lateral root growth. In addition, ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 affect auxin-induced miR390 accumulation. Positive and negative feedback regulation of miR390 by ARF2, ARF3, and ARF4 thus ensures the proper definition of the miR390 expression pattern. This regulatory network maintains ARF expression in a concentration range optimal for specifying the timing of lateral root growth, a function similar to its activity during leaf development. These results also show how small regulatory RNAs integrate with auxin signaling to quantitatively regulate organ growth during development.
Effects of Various Isoquinoline Alkaloids on In Vitro <sup>3</sup>H-Dopamine Uptake by Rat Striatal Synaptosomes (1995)

Various alkaloids having an isoquinoline skeleton from different species of the Annonaceae, Fumariacae, and Aristolochiacae (aporphine, cularine, benzylisoquinoline, and bisbenzylisoquinoline derivatives) were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro 3H-dopamine uptake by rat striatal dopamine D1 3H-SCH 23390 AND D2 3H-raclopride binding sites. Except for some aporphine derivatives (anonaine [1], norstephalagine [2], isopiline [3]) and some bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids (dimethylgrisabine [27], antioquine [28], obaberine [29], isotetrandrine [30]) that displayed affinities of the same order as the reference compounds (nomifensine [38], amineptine [39], dexamphetamine [40]), the other tested products had low, or no, affinity on the 3H-dopamine uptake since, in comparison, its affinity at dopamine D1 3H-SCH 23390 and D2 3H-raclopride binding sites was low. These data suggest that it could be possible to synthesize anonaine-like products displaying intense dopamine-uptake inhibitory properties, which could lead to a potential antidepressant activity.
A low cost adaptive optics system using a membrane mirror (2000)

A low cost adaptive optics system constructed almost entirely of commercially available components is presented. The system uses a 37 actuator membrane mirror and operates at frame rates up to 800Hz using a single processor. Numerical modelling of the membrane mirror is used to optimize parameters of the system. The dynamic performance of the system is investigated in detail using a diffractive wavefront generator based on a ferroelectric spatial light modulator. This is used to produce wavefronts with time-varying aberrations. The ability of the system to correct for Kolmogorov turbulence with different strengths and effective wind speeds is measured experimentally using the wavefront generator.
Zur Kenntnis der Prinsschen Reaktion, III. Mitteil.<sup>1)</sup>: Über die Reaktion von Allylcarbinol mit Aldehyden und Ketonen (1955)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von Allylcarbinol mit Aldehyden unter dem Einfluß von Schwefelsäure liefert 2‐Alkyl‐tetrahydropyranole‐(4), während bei Verwendung von Halogenwasserstoff 4‐Halogen‐tetrahydro‐pyran‐Derivate erhalten werden. Bei der Umsetzung von Allylcarbinol mit Ketonen entstehen 2.2‐Dialkyl‐tetrahydropyrane.
Two distinct alpha-interferon-dependent signal transduction pathways may contribute to activation of transcription of the guanylate-binding protein gene. (1991)

The promoter of the gene encoding a cytoplasmic guanylate-binding protein (GBP) contains two overlapping elements: the interferon stimulation response element (ISRE), which mediates alpha interferon (IFN-alpha)-dependent transcription, and the IFN-gamma activation site (GAS), which is required for IFN-gamma-mediated stimulation. The ISRE binds a factor called ISGF-3 that is activated by IFN-alpha but not by IFN-gamma. The GAS binds a protein that is activated by IFN-gamma, which we have termed GAF (IFN-gamma activation factor; T. Decker, D. J. Lew, J. Mirkovitch, and J. E. Darnell, Jr., EMBO J., in press; D. J. Lew, T. Decker, I. Strehlow, and J. E. Darnell, Jr., Mol. Cell. Biol. 11:182-191, 1991). We now find that the GAS is also an IFN-alpha-responsive element in vivo and that IFN-alpha (in addition to activating ISGF-3) rapidly activates a GAS-binding factor, the IFN-alpha activation factor (AAF). The AAF has characteristics very similar to those of the previously described GAF. Through the use of inhibitors of protein synthesis and inhibitors of protein kinases, the activation conditions of AAF, GAF, and ISGF-3 could be distinguished. Therefore, not only do IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma stimulate transcription of GBP through different receptors linked to different signaling molecules, but occupation of the IFN-alpha receptor apparently leads to the rapid activation of two different DNA-binding proteins through the use of different intracellular pathways.
Anergic TH1 clones specific for hepatitis B virus (HBV) core peptides are inhibitory to other HBV core-specific CD4+ T cells in vitro (1996)

A strong and transient hepatitis B virus core (HBc)-specific CD4+ T-cell response has been shown to be associated with viral elimination in acute self-limited hepatitis B but to be absent in chronic hepatitis B. So far, little is known about immunological mechanisms involved in the regulation of the HBc-specific CD4+ T-cell response. We studied 28 patients with acute hepatitis B, and frequently a sudden decrease in the HBc-specific CD4+ T-cell response was found between 4 and 8 weeks after disease onset. Thirty-two CD4+ T-cell clones specific for amino acids 50 to 69, 81 to 105, 117 to 131, or 141 to 165 of HBc were isolated from a patient shortly before the peripheral blood mononuclear cell response to most HBc-derived peptides abruptly disappeared. TH1 clones, but not TH0 clones, could be anergized in vitro by stimulation with specific peptides even in the presence of costimulatory cells. Moreover, when anergic cells were mixed with responsive cells, the proliferation of HBc-specific TH1 or TH0 clones was inhibited antigen specifically by anergic cells. The unusual susceptibility of HBc-specific TH1 clones to anergy induction in vitro as well as their potential to inhibit other HBc-specific TH1 and TH0 clones suggests that anergy induction may be involved in the downregulation of the virus-specific immune response during acute hepatitis B in vivo.
Screening, Isolation and Taxonomical Properties of Microorganisms Having Acrylonitrile-hydrating Activity (1987)

Acrylonitrile-hydrating activity was found in various bacteria belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Corynebacterium, Microbacterium, Nocardia, Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus. A strain, N-774, isolated by acetonitrile enrichment culture from soil showed the highest activity. Taxonomic studies indicated that strain N-774 belonged to the genus Rhodococcus. The acrylonitrile-hydrating enzyme of strain N-774 was constitutively formed in the cells. Besides acrylonitrile, many nitriles were hydrated to the corresponding amides. «-Butyronitrile, suc- cinonitrile and chloroacetonitrille served as suitable substrates. This bacterium could utilize many aliphatic nitriles and amides as a sole source of nitrogen but hardly utilized malononitrile, acrylonitrile or acrylamide. Cells having high nitrile hydratase activity (about 50units/mg of dry cells) could be easily prepared by cultivation at 30°C for 40 hr in a malt extract and yeast extract medium.
Agronomic Characteristics and Herbicidal Response of Barnyard Millet Strains Under Paddy Rice (2012)

본 시험은 몇몇 사료용 피들의 생육특성과 논에서 잡초화 방지를 위하여 국내 논에서 사용량이 많은 제초제들에 대한 반응을 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 겨울철 유리 온실 내의 대형 콘크리트 폿트에서 사료 가능성이 높은 피 8계통들의 생육을 조사한 결과 IT170609, IT196421 그리고 EV2012 계통들이 건물중 생산성이 상대적으로 높았다. 출수기에 따른 품종적 특성은 IT170609 계통은 중만생종, IT196421 및 EV2012 계통들은 만생종으로 나타났다. 선발된 사료용 피 3계통에 대한 발아율은 재래종인 강피 보다 높았고, 20 및 <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 뚜렷하였다. 논에서 사료용 피들의 잡초화 방지를 위한 제초제 시험에서 토양처리제인 imazosulfuron+benzobicyclone+penoxsulam 액상수화제는 사료용 피 3계통에 대하여 90% 이상의 효과를 보였다. 경엽처리 제초제들인 cyhalofop-butyl 유제, penoxsulam 액상수화제, metamifop 유제는 사료용 피 6~7엽기까지 매우 높은 효과를 보였다. This experiment was conducted to determine the agronomic characteristics for selection of the excellent barnyard millet and the herbicidal response for their weediness prevention in paddy rice. IT170609, IT195422 and EV2012 have produced more dry matter compared to other barnyard millets tested. In varietal characteristics by heading date, IT170609 showed medium maturing type and IT195422 and EV201 had late maturing type. The germination rate of IT170609, IT195422 and EV2012 on temperature was higher than Echnochloa oryzicola of native species, and it was definitely distinctive at 20 and <TEX>$25^{\circ}C$</TEX>. In the herbicidal response for their weediness prevention in paddy rice, imazosulfuron+benzobicyclone+penoxsulam SC showed control effect the extend of over 90% to IT170609, IT195422 and EV2012. Cyhalofop-butyl EC, penoxsulam SC and metamifop EC were very effective by 6~7 leaf stage of barnyard millets tested.
Strategies for the development of a vaccine against ringworm (1995)

Resolution of lesions and subsequent protection against ringworm is primarily associated with the development of a cell-mediated immune (CMI) response, in which stimulation of Type-1 lymphocytes and cytokines such as interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-12 and interferon gamma are significant. Type-2 lymphocyte activation and antibody formation seem a feature of chronic disease states, rather than protection, and are antagonistic to a Type-1 cell response. Initial studies on ringworm vaccines should be directed at identifying and characterizing dermatophyte antigens elaborated during spore germination and early hyphal growth, and the method of their presentation which best potentiates Type-1 cell-associated events, and primes the recipient for a subsequent CMI response.
Green Chemistry (1996)

Green Chemistry is an approach to the synthesis, processing and use of chemicals that reduces risks to humans and the environment. Many innovative chemistries have been developed over the past several years that are effective, efficient and more environmentally benign. These approaches include new syntheses and processes as well as new tools for instructing aspiring chemists how to do chemistry in a more environmentally benign manner. The benefits to industry as well as the environment are all a part of the positive impact that Green Chemistry is having in the chemistry community and in society in general.
ACM (Association for Computing Machinery) to Audio (2010)

Definition: The Association for Computing Machinery was founded in 1947 to act as a professional organization focused upon the advancement of information-technology skills.
Income Smoothing Versus Market Discipline (2011)

The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the behavior of income smoothing of large banks. The paper shows that banks engage in real income smoothing by lowering today's CD rates when a higher future loan default rate is expected to occur. This theoretical prediction is tested and supported empirically. More importantly, the results of this paper cast doubt on the ongoing argument for ”market discipline” advocated by bank analysts and regulators. Additional empirical results in this paper indicate that market assessments of banks' risk-taking reflected in CD yields (i.e., market discipline) appear to be not helpful for off-site bank surveillance.