gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The current column contraction and ion charge increase induced by the current build-up in a pulsed vacuum discharge (2000)

It is shown that three current build-up regimes may be realized in a pulsed vacuum discharge, depending on the relationship between the pulse duration τ and the characteristic times of the plasma flow (τL) and the cathode spot spreading (τS). For a rapid build-up (τ<τL), the cathode plasma jet exhibits the neck formation with high values of the plasma temperature and density. At a slow current increase (τL<τ<τS), the current column is subject to a uniform magnetic contraction, while at a very slow current growth rate (τ>τS), the contraction becomes insignificant. The first two cases give rise to additional nonequilibrium ionization in the current column, which leads to the ion charge increasing with the current. The third case is characterized by a “frozen” ion composition corresponding to the plasma parameters in the near-cathode region.
Supervisory control using satisfiability solvers (2008)

This paper discusses how satisfiability solvers may be used to verify and synthesize discrete event supervisors as defined in the supervisory control theory. By using the supervisory control theory it is possible to generate control functions that are correct by construction. However, the computations for verification and synthesis of the supervisors are NP-complete and in order to make the method applicable for industrial use it is necessary to use algorithms and tools that could solve problems of industrial size. Within the model checking community satisfiability solvers have become an important tool for verification of large hardware circuits. In this paper it is shown how to formulate some problems in the supervisory control theory as Boolean satisfiability problems. Formulations of satisfiability problems for synthesizing a path to a marked state, verification of controllability and verification of deadlock presence are presented. The method is evaluated on some examples of high complexity.
Dipole nanolasers: A study of their quantum properties (2009)

In this paper we undertake a theoretical study of the quantum properties of a dipole nanolaser proposed by Protsenko et al. [Phys. Rev. A 71, 063812 (2005)]. The dynamics of the system is studied in both density-matrix and quantum Langevin formulations, with attention directed to noise sources. The result of the analysis indicates that in the most directly accessible parameter regime, photons will be emitted in a broad spectral distribution and the time delay between consecutive emissions of single photons exceeds the coherence time. Another parameter regime exists within which the emitted light more closely resembles conventional laser light.
Leptin promotes invasiveness of kidney and colonic epithelial cells via phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐, Rho‐, and Rac‐dependent signaling pathways (2000)

Leptin plays a key role regulating food intake, body weight and fat mass. These critical parameters are associated with an increased risk for digestive and mammary gland cancer in the Western population. Here we determined whether leptin contributes to the invasive phenotype of colonic and kidney epithelial cells at various stages of the neoplastic progression. First, leptin potently (EC50 = 10-30 ng/ml) induces invasion of collagen gels by premalignant familial adenomatous colonic cells PC/AA/C1 and nontumorigenic MDCK kidney epithelial cells, their src-transformed counterparts, and the human adenocarcinoma colonic cells LoVo and HCT-8/S11. Leptin and its Ob-Rb receptors were consistently identified by RT-PCR and immunoblotting in these cell lines, as well as in human colonic epithelial crypts, polyps, colonic tumor resections, and adjacent mucosa. Leptin-induced invasion was effectively blocked by pharmacological inhibitors of several downstream signaling pathways involved in cell transformation, namely, JAK2 tyrosine kinase (AG490), phosphoinositide PI3'-kinase (wortmannin and LY294002), mTOR kinase (rapamycin), and protein kinases C (GF109203X, Gö6976). Accordingly, leptin induces transient elevation of the PI3'-kinase lipid products in JAK2 immunoprecipitates prepared from parental MDCK cells. The leptin effect on invasion was potentiated by the activated form of the small GTPase RhoA and was abrogated by dominant negative mutants of RhoA, Rac1, and the p110alpha of PI3'-K. Our data indicate that leptin may exert a local and beneficial effect on migration of normal colonic epithelial cells and reparation of the inflamed or wounded digestive mucosa. We also emphasize a new role for leptin, linking the nutritional and body fat status to digestive cancer susceptibility by stimulating the invasive capacity of colonic epithelial cells at early stages of neoplasia. This finding has potential clinical implications for colon cancer progression and management of obesity.
Relations between Intramolecular Energy Transfer Efficiencies and Triplet State Energies in Rare Earth β-diketone Chelates (1970)

Abstract The fluorescence yield of europium chelates in several solutions varies, through its maximum value, with the increase in the energy difference between the triplet state of a ligand and the emitting level of an europium ion. The time-resolved spectroscopic measurements show that the excitation energy is transferred from the triplet state to the lower and nearest resonance level of the europium ion. The intramolecular energy transfer mechanisms for europium chelates and terbium chelates are proposed, taking the resonance exchange interaction and the thermal deactivation processes from the emitting levels of rare earth ions into consideration. Steady-state rate equations are made, and the equation of the fluorescence yield is obtained. Thus, the relations between the fluorescence yield and the triplet state energy are estimated and the fluorescence properties of rare earth β-diketone chelates may be qualitatively described.
FLOWERING LOCUS T Protein May Act as the Long-Distance Florigenic Signal in the Cucurbits (2007)

Cucurbita moschata, a cucurbit species responsive to inductive short-day (SD) photoperiods, and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) were used to test whether long-distance movement of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) mRNA or FT is required for floral induction. Ectopic expression of FT by ZYMV was highly effective in mediating floral induction of long-day (LD)-treated plants. Moreover, the infection zone of ZYMV was far removed from floral meristems, suggesting that FT transcripts do not function as the florigenic signal in this system. Heterografting demonstrated efficient transmission of a florigenic signal from flowering Cucurbita maxima stocks to LD-grown C. moschata scions. Real-time RT-PCR performed on phloem sap collected from C. maxima stocks detected no FT transcripts, whereas mass spectrometry of phloem sap proteins revealed the presence of Cm-FTL1 and Cm-FTL2. Importantly, studies on LD- and SD-treated C. moschata plants established that Cmo-FTL1 and Cmo-FTL2 are regulated by photoperiod at the level of movement into the phloem and not by transcription. Finally, mass spectrometry of florally induced heterografted C. moschata scions revealed that C. maxima FT, but not FT mRNA, crossed the graft union in the phloem translocation stream. Collectively, these studies are consistent with FT functioning as a component of the florigenic signaling system in the cucurbits.
A layered network for the correspondence of 3D objects (2002)

A computational approach for solving the correspondence problem between different views of objects in range images is presented. This is modeled as a layered constraint satisfaction network which can be implemented on a parallel analog neural network. In this approach, each view of an object is represented by an attributed graph with nodes as surfaces and their bounding vertices, and links as relations between adjacent surfaces. The matching strategy is a two-step process. Each step is formulated with a constraint satisfaction network, and implemented on a Hopfield network. At each level, a set of local, adjacency and global constraints is specified, and an appropriate energy function to be minimized is defined. At the first level of this hierarchy, surface patches are matched and clusters of rotation transformations are hypothesized. At the second level, the computed rotation transformation is applied to the corresponding vertices, and the translation vector is computed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AVO detectability against tuning and stretching artifacts (1999)

Abstract The V p /V s of hydrocarbon-bearing sediments normally deviates from the V p /V s trend of the background rocks. This causes anomalous reflection amplitude variation with offset (AVO) in the seismic data. The estimation of these AVOs is inevitably affected by wave propagation effects and inversion algorithm limitations, such as thin-bed tuning and migration stretch. A logical point is to determine the minimum V p /V s change required for an anomalous AVO to be detectable beyond the background tuning and stretching effects. Assuming Ricker wavelet for the seismic data, this study addresses this point by quantifying the errors in the intercept/slope estimate. Using these results, two detectability conditions are derived. Denoting the background V p /V s by gamma and its variation by delta gamma , the thin-bed parameter (thickness/wavelength) by xi , the maximum background intercept closest to the AVO by A max , and the thin-bed intercept value by A thin , the two conditions are delta gamma /gamma &gt; 0.15 gamma 2 A max , delta gamma /gamma &gt; 0.41 gamma 2 xi A thin , for detectability against stretching and tuning plus stretching, respectively. Tests on synthetic data confirm their validity and accuracy. These conditions provide a quantitative guideline for evaluating AVO applicability and effectiveness in seismic exploration. They can eliminate some of the subjectivity when interpreting AVO results in different attribute spaces. To improve AVO detectability, a procedure is suggested for removing the tuning and stretching effects.
Monitoring cytotoxic tumour treatment response by diffusion magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy (2002)

Exposure of tumours to anti-cancer drugs, gene or radiation therapy consistently leads to an increase in water diffusion in the cases expressing favourable treatment response. The diffusion change coincides cytotoxic cell eradication and precedes volume reduction in drug or gene therapy-treated experimental tumours. Interestingly, the recent studies from human brain tumour patients undergoing chemotherapy show similar behaviour of diffusion, suggesting important application for MRI in patient management. In this review observations from diffusion MRI and MRS in the tumours during cytotoxic treatment are summarized and the cellular mechanisms affecting molecular mobility are discussed in the light of tissue microenvironmental and microdynamic changes.
Thrombin-induced endothelium-dependent inhibition and direct activation of platelet-vessel wall interaction. Role of prostacyclin, nitric oxide, and thromboxane A2. (1994)

Thus, thrombin directly stimulates platelets to release thromboxane A2, inducing potent vasoconstriction, which is prevented by the simultaneous thrombin-induced release of prostacyclin and nitric oxide from endothelial cells. In arteries devoid of functional endothelial cells, as occurs in patients with coronary artery disease, a combined inhibition of thromboxane production and action provides a potent therapeutic tool to interfere with the thrombin-induced activation of platelet-vessel wall interaction.
Diagnostic d'une fièvre chez un nouveau-né (2001)

La fievre du nouveau-ne est definie comme une temperature >= 37,5 °C en axillaire ou >= 38 °C en rectal dans les 28 premiers jours de vie. Il s'agit d'un signe d'alerte majeur : environ 12 % des nouveau-nes febriles presenteraient une infection bacterienne [1]. En dehors d'un signe d'appel evident et dont la prise en charge au domicile est possible, la prise en charge d'un nouveau-ne febrile justifie generalement une hospitalisation qui permet une evaluation complete et un traitement par antibiotherapie probabiliste [1]. Dans les premiers jours de vie, en maternite, les hyperthermies iatrogenes sont frequentes : incubateur trop chaud, phototherapie, enfant trop couvert. Par ailleurs, a la naissance, l'hyperthermie du nouveau-ne peut reveler une hyperthermie maternelle de fin de travail passee inapercue et ne prejuge pas necessairement de l'infection de l'enfant. Deux causes de fievre du nouveau-ne peuvent etre facilement evoquees par l'anamnese et la clinique: la deshydratation et le syndrome de sevrage.
Genetic and physical analyses of group E exo- mutants of Rhizobium meliloti (1988)

Mutants of Rhizobium meliloti which are deficient in exopolysaccharide synthesis have been classified into six different genetic groups (A through F) (J. A. Leigh, E. R. Signer, and G. C. Walker, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 82:6231-6235, 1985). Using physical and genetic techniques, we have demonstrated that the group E Exo- mutants carry deletions in the exoA-exoB region of the megaplasmid pRmeSU47b. We have constructed strains carrying defined deletions which remove up to 200 kilobases of pRmeSU47b, including the exoA-exoB region. These derivatives have the same phenotypes as do the group E mutants.
A WIRELESSLY CONTROLLED SHAPE-MEMORY-ALLOY MEMS GRIPPER MICROFABRICATED USING AN ELECTROPLATING-BASED BONDING PROCESS (2010)

This paper reports the wireless control of bulk-micromachined shape-memory-alloy actuators using an external radiofrequency magnetic field and its application to a MEMS gripper. The frequency-sensitive wireless resonant heater to which the gripper actuator is bonded is activated only when the field frequency is tuned to the resonant frequency of the heater. A bonding technique based on photo-defined copper electroplating is developed to mechanically and thermally couple the gripper with the planar heater circuit. The actuation range of 290 m as the tip opening distance is obtained with normally-closed 4-mm-long grippers at a device temperature of 138 C. The active frequency range is measured to be ~6 MHz. The manipulation of vertically aligned carbon nanotube forests is experimentally demonstrated.
Linear complexity of Kronecker sequences (2002)

Conjectures for the linear complexity (LC) of some rapidly synchronizable Kronecker sequence sets of two and three component codes are given. The LC values for various combinations of component codes chosen from the families of Gold, Kasami (both the small and the large sets), Barker, Golay complementary and m-sequences, are calculated with the aid of Berlekamp-Massey (1969) shift-register synthesis algorithm. Numerical results for several component code combinations and lengths suggest that there exist quite simple rules for the LC, which depends on the LC values and lengths of component codes, i.e. on chosen component code families. It is seen, that for most of the combinations of component codes the LC value is a large part of the code length, which means that Kronecker sequences are highly nonlinear codes due to the nonlinear Kronecker product method for their construction.
Colonic Anastomotic Leak: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, and Treatment (2008)

Department of Surgery, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY *Correspondence address: T Peter Kingham, MD, Department of Surgery, NYU Medical Center, 525 1st Ave, New York, NY 10016. Received July 23, 2008; Revised October 2, 2008; Accepted October 5, 2008. Disclosure Information: Nothing to Disclose.
Modeling and control of two stage twin spool servo-valve for energy-saving (2005)

A control strategy of two stage twin spool servovalves in the load-sensing mobile applications is presented. The twin spool valve differs from the conventional valve in that it provides the ability to control flow into and out of valves independently. In this paper, the nonlinear valve model and a control scheme for a two stage twin spool servo-valve are developed featuring energy saving. The multiple sliding surface mode control method is then utilized to accomplish the motion control while regulating back pressure. The simulation verifies that the proposed control scheme for the twin spool valve, can offer the more significant energy-saving even with load-sensing pump application than the traditional proportional valves.
Design and Analysis of Resource Management Software for In-Vehicle IPv6 Networks (2004)

SUMMARY Various demands for next generation networks can be condensed into always-best-connected, ubiquitous, mobile, all-IP, applicationaware, and converged networks. Vehicles have also come to be ubiquitous computing platforms associated with mobile communication functions. IPv6 has been introduced for all-IP ubiquitous communications. This paper proposes application-aware resource management for in-vehicle IPv6 networks, which are adaptive to different hardware configurations. We focus on power and bandwidth, since their management is critical for mobile communications. To manage these two critical resources, we identify the mobility characteristics and hardware configurations of in-vehicle networks. Based on these characteristics, we propose vehicle-aware power saving schemes. Our main idea for power saving is to dynamically adjust the mobile router (MR) advertisement interval and binding update lifetime. In addition, depending on the hardware configuration of the wireless environment, we propose two adaptive bandwidth management schemes using multihoming, which we refer to as best-connected MR selection based on location and high-data-rate MR selection based on priority. We evaluate the performance of our bandwidth management schemes by performing simulations, and that of our power saving schemes by mathematical analysis. Based on the results, it was found that the performance of each software scheme depends on the hardware configuration, so that an application
5G RAN optimizations through radio shared data layer (RSDL) (2017)

This paper presents the challenges that are currently faced during X2/Xn handovers. Messages are exchanged between source and target eNBs over X2/Xn interface during handovers. This mechanism is quite inefficient due to messaging overheads, timers, retries and failures like message validation and resource unavailability. The paper proposes optimizations in the X2/Xn interface, thereby improving the handover success rate and reducing messaging overheads. The paper proposes moving the radio layer data from the individual nodes to a centralized database christened by us as “Radio Shared Data Layer” (RSDL) and demonstrates ensuing benefits. The paper also proposes an open interface from the radio shared data layer to 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> party applications allowing them to be radio network context aware thus perform better and offer richer experience.
Neurosteroid metabolism. 7<i>α</i>-Hydroxylation of dehydroepiandrosterone and pregnenolone by rat brain microsomes (1992)

Two 'neurosteroids', dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and pregnenolone (PREG), are converted by rat brain microsomes into polar metabolites, identified as the respective 7 alpha-hydroxylated (7 alpha-OH) derivatives by the 'twin ion' technique of g.l.c.-m.s. with deuterated substrates. The enzymic reaction requires NADPH and is stimulated 2-4-fold by EDTA. Under optimal conditions (pH 7.4, 0.5 mM-NADPH, 1 mM-EDTA), the Km values for DHEA and PREG are 13.8 and 4.4 microM respectively, and the Vmax. values are 322 and 38.8 pmol/min per mg of microsomal protein respectively. Trace amounts of putative 7 beta-OH derivatives of DHEA and PREG are detected. Oestradiol, at a pharmacological concentration of 5 microM, inhibits DHEA and PREG 7 alpha-hydroxylation. Formation of 7 alpha-hydroxylated metabolites is low in prepubertal rats and increases 5-fold in adults. Derivatives of PREG and DHEA, such as PREG sulphate, DHEA sulphate, progesterone and 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 alpha-pregnan-20-one, are known to be neuroactive. Therefore the quantitatively important metabolism to 7 alpha-OH compounds may contribute to the control of neurosteroid activity in brain.
Time-frequency signal analysis of the acoustic emission of Formula 1 engines (2002)

Presents the application of frequency domain signal analysis methods to estimation of engine performance parameters from measurements of sound intensity. The method is applied to measurements obtained from Formula 1 (F1) race cars during practice and race conditions. The paper begins by summarizing the issues of interest in the analysis of engine noise from high-performance engines, the information content of the signal, and presents the analysis of some experimental data. The results of this study indicate that joint time-frequency signal processing may permit the estimation of various performance-related engine parameters in the absence of telemetry data. The analysis methods are applied to acoustic emission data obtained from F1 vehicles through in-car cameras during 1998 Formula 1 practice, qualifying and race sessions. The data presented in this paper were acquired during the 1998 F1 season, and pertain to the performance of the Ferrari and McLaren-Mercedes vehicles during the Grand Prix of San Marino (Imola) and of France (Magny-Cours). The results of the analysis demonstrate that it is possible to estimate a number of useful engine performance variables from simple sound measurements. These estimates are related both to engine performance (e.g., engine speed of rotation, acceleration, power, top speed) and to driving strategy (e.g., gear ratios, shifting strategy).
Celastrol causes apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in rat glioma cells (2009)

Glioma still remains a major health problem in the world. Celastrol has been proved to be an effective natural proteasome inhibitor and was used for treatment of autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation and neurodegenerative disease. However, its effect on glioma is unclear. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of celastrol on C6 glioma cells. The results demonstrated that celastrol inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and dose-dependent manner, suppressed proteasome chymotrypsin-like activity and induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in C6 cells. Proapoptosis proteins bax and caspase-3 were up-regulated, as well as cell cycle G2/M-related proteins cyclin B(1), p21 and p27. Conversely, anti-apoptosis proteins bcl-2 and XIAP and cell cycle regulator cyclin-dependent kinase 2 were down-regulated. Taken together, our data suggest that celastrol can suppress proteasome activity and induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in C6 glioma cells, which make it be a potential drug for glioma.
A predistortion linearizer for a class-F GaN HEMT power amplifier using two independently controlled diodes (2009)

A novel pre-distortion technique using two independently bias-controlled Schottky diodes is proposed to compensate the complicated nonlinear characteristics of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT microwave class-F amplifier, in which inferior intermodulation distortions are often observed for an output power range of large back-off. The newly developed technique has made it possible to achieve both high drain efficiency and low intermodulation distortion simultaneously. The developed linearizer was fabricated in MMIC form and applied to a one watt AlGaN/GaN HEMT class-F amplifier operating at 1.9 GHz, where harmonic frequencies up to the fifth higher order were controlled. With the diode predistortion linearizer, the third-order intermodulation distortion ratio (IMD3) of the 1.9-GHz class-F GaN HEMT power amplifier was improved over power output from 0 to 18 dBm. The IMD3 was under -40 dBc at output powers lower than 10 dBm. The amplifier had a maximum drain efficiency of 70.6 % at output power of 27 dBm.