gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Changes in growth rate of an experimental solid tumor following increasing doses of cyclophosphamide. (1980)

Well-defined times for minimum and maximum growth rates of rat hepatoma 3924A were found when cyclophosphamide doses were increased from 50 to 250 mg/kg. Minimum growth rates occurred 8 to 10 days after treatment and maximum growth rates occurred 13 to 16 days after treatment in 5 groups of 10 animals each that received 50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg of cyclophosphamide per kg. Tumor growth delay increased from 6 to 18 days when the dose was increased from 50 to 250 mg/kg. The accelerated growth rate of treated tumors on Day 14 after cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) was more than twice that of controls on the same day, 0.349 +/- 0.030 (S.E.) (day-1) and 0.156 +/- 0.011 (day-1), respectively. In addition, the accelerated growth rate of treated tumors on Day 14 was greater than that of controls at initiation of treatment, 0.298 +/- 0.026 (day-1) on Day 2. Increased DNA synthetic rate precedes increased tumor cell proliferation, which, in turn, increases tumor volume. Thus, biochemical studies demonstrating increased cellular proliferation confirm accelerated tumor growth following treatment.
Comparison of hair follicle histology between horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction and excessive hair growth and normal aged horses (2013)

These findings document that excessive hair growth (hypertrichosis) in PPID-affected horses is due to persistence of hair follicles in A. Furthermore, treatment with pergolide improved shedding and reduced the percentage of A follicles in PPID-affected horses.
[A foldable cardboard box for drying and storage of by cotton swab collected biological samples]. (1998)

The ability to perform successful DNA analysis on biological evidence obtained at a crime scene or during a sexual assault examination depends very much on the first step--how specimens are collected and preserved. Body fluids and their wet or dry stains, are often recovered using dry cotton swabs or cotton swabs moistened with sterile water or saline. In order to prevent decomposition and deterioration of a specimen, resulting in degradation or loss of DNA, it is recommended to either air dry or freeze these swabs as soon as possible after collection. We designed a simple, foldable cardboard box, which is suitable for the drying and storage of biological evidence collected on cotton swabs. Immediately after collection swabs are placed into the drying racks within the cardboard box, which is subsequently folded, labeled, sealed and initialed. At room temperature swabs completely air dry within the sealed box within 6-9 hours. In this box the evidence is properly packed, labelled and sealed, thus preventing cross contamination, degradation and sample switch. It is a valuable device for the collection of biological evidence at a crime scene, during sexual assault examinations, and for the collection of buccal swabs for PCR-based databasing and paternity testing.
Secure group key management using uni-directional proxy re-encryption schemes (2011)

The group key management is for a group manager to maintain a consistent group key for a dynamic group of members through a broadcast channel. In this paper we propose a group key management scheme based on a meta proxy re-encryption (PRE) scheme. In particular, we propose an RSA-based PRE scheme with special properties. It is the first RSA-based PRE scheme for group key management and has the desired properties of uni-directionality and multi-hop. In our group key management scheme, each group member holds just one secret auxiliary key and logN public auxiliary keys. The size of rekey messages for each group key update remains O(logN). Additionally, our scheme has some distinct features. Firstly, the size of the key update history is a constant O(N) no matter how many times of group key updates occur. Secondly, the computation time of computing the newest group key from the key update history is always O(logN) no matter how many group key updates are missed. This feature provides a practical solution for group key update when members go offline from time to time. Finally, the proposed scheme is immune to the collusion attack of other members.
The alpha/beta-adrenergic receptor blocker arotinolol activates the thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue in monosodium-L-glutamate-induced obese mice. (1994)

We have found previously that arotinolol, an alpha/beta-adrenergic blocker, increases blood flow in brown adipose tissue (BAT) in a similar extent as BRL 26830A, a beta 3-adrenoceptor agonist. We tested the hypothesis that arotinolol activates thermogenesis in BAT, leading to weight loss in monosodium-L-glutamate-induced (MSG-induced) obese mice and saline-treated controls. Six weeks of standard animal feed (CE-2) containing arotinolol hydrochloride (350 mg/kg CE-2), which reduced mean blood pressure in MSG-treated mice, significantly increased the mitochondrial protein content in BAT, and activated the specific and total binding of guanosine-5'-diphosphate (GDP) in BAT mitochondria, leading to a reduction of obesity in both MSG- and saline-treated mice vs. the control groups fed with CE-2 diet alone. However, six weeks of CE-2 diet containing propranolol hydrochloride (525 mg/kg CE-2) a non-selective beta-blocker, markedly reduced the specific and total binding of GDP in BAT mitochondria, leading to weight gain in both MSG- and saline-treated mice. These findings support the hypothesis, that arotinolol activates BAT thermogenesis, leading to weight loss.
Structure Activity Relationships of 5-, 6-, and 7-Methyl-Substituted Azepan-3-one Cathepsin K Inhibitors (2006)

The syntheses, in vitro characterizations, and rat and monkey in vivo pharmacokinetic profiles of a series of 5-, 6-, and 7-methyl-substituted azepanone-based cathepsin K inhibitors are described. Depending on the particular regiochemical substitution and stereochemical configuration, methyl-substituted azepanones were identified that had widely varied cathepsin K inhibitory potency as well as pharmacokinetic properties compared to the 4S-parent azepanone analogue, 1 (human cathepsin K, K(i,app) = 0.16 nM, rat oral bioavailability = 42%, rat in vivo clearance = 49.2 mL/min/kg). Of particular note, the 4S-7-cis-methylazepanone analogue, 10, had a K(i,app) = 0.041 nM vs human cathepsin K and 89% oral bioavailability and an in vivo clearance rate of 19.5 mL/min/kg in the rat. Hypotheses that rationalize some of the observed characteristics of these closely related analogues have been made using X-ray crystallography and conformational analysis. These examples demonstrate the potential for modulation of pharmacological properties of cathepsin inhibitors by substituting the azepanone core. The high potency for inhibition of cathepsin K coupled with the favorable rat and monkey pharmacokinetic characteristics of compound 10, also known as SB-462795 or relacatib, has made it the subject of considerable in vivo evaluation for safety and efficacy as an inhibitor of excessive bone resorption in rat, monkey, and human studies, which will be reported elsewhere.
Performance of a multi-rate CDMA packet data system (2002)

The performance of a multi-rate IS-95 based CDMA packet data system is examined. Both the uplink and downlink channels are analyzed in a multi-user, multi-rate environment for a single 1.25 MHz carrier. On the uplink, the throughput-delay performance is evaluated for a connectionless access protocol. On the downlink, the throughput-delay performance is derived by applying standard queuing models to simulation results describing the system throughput. Load control policies are presented for both links along with simulated performance data. The results demonstrate that the multi-rate CDMA packet data system can deliver more than twice the net throughput of voice services with the same spectral efficiency.
Power-efficient time-sensitive mapping in heterogeneous systems (2012)

Heterogeneous systems that contain multiple types of resources, such as CPUs and GPUs, are becoming increasingly popular thanks to the potential of achieving high performance and energy efficiency. In such systems, the problem of data mapping and communication for time-sensitive applications while reducing power and energy consumption is more challenging, since applications may have varied data management and computing patterns on different types of resources. In this paper, we propose power-aware mapping techniques for CPU/GPU heterogeneous system that are able to meet applications' timing requirements while reducing power and energy consumption by applying DVFS on both CPUs and GPUs. We have implemented the proposed techniques in a real CPU/GPU heterogeneous system. Experimental results with several data analytics workloads show that compared to performance-driven mapping, our power-efficient mapping techniques can often achieve a reduction of more than 20% in power and energy consumption.
Bloater Formation by Gas-forming Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cucumber Fermentations (1968)

The formation of "bloaters" (hollow stock) in cucumbers brined for salt-stock purposes at 5 to 10% salt has been associated with gaseous fermentation caused chiefly by yeasts. Recently, serious early bloater damage, not attributable to yeasts, has been observed in commercial-scale experiments on control of bloaters in overnight dill pickles brined in 50-gal barrels at 3.0 to 4.5% salt. Growth of fermentative species of yeasts was effectively controlled by the addition of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% sorbic acid or its sodium salt. In contrast to this, the fermenting brines showed extremely high populations of acid-forming bacteria, identified as Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, and Pediococcus cerevisiae. The gas-forming species (i.e., L. brevis) constituted a high proportion of the total populations. Representative isolates from 36 barrels of overnight dill pickles were tested for their ability to produce bloaters in 1-quart jars of pasteurized cucumbers equilibrated at 4 to 5% salt, 0.25% lactic acid, and pH 4.0. Bloaters, identical with those made by yeast cultures, were produced in all jars inoculated with L. brevis. No bloaters were produced by L. plantarum and P. cerevisiae. These results suggest that the control of bloater damage in cucumber fermentations, particularly at low salt concentrations, may necessitate inhibition of gas-forming lactic acid bacteria.
Sulfide consumption by mussel gill mitochondria is not strictly tied to oxygen reduction: measurements using a novel polarographic sulfide sensor (2004)

Some organisms that survive in environments rich in hydrogen sulfide possess specific metabolic pathways for sulfide oxidation and subsequent use of reducing equivalents in oxidative phosphorylation, a process called chemolithoheterotrophy. This process is dependent on ambient oxygen partial pressure and environmental sulfide exposure. To define accurately the kinetics of sulfide metabolism and its dependence on cellular conditions, we have developed a polarographic sulfide sensor (PSS) to measure sulfide concentrations directly and continuously under physiological conditions. The ribbed mussel Geukensia demissa, an inhabitant of sulfide-rich coastal sediments, consumes sulfide in a chemolithoheterotrophic metabolic strategy. Gill mitochondria use sulfide as respiratory substrate for ATP production, and sulfide consumption is sufficiently rapid and so kinetically complex that only continuous real-time detection captures these events. Under normoxic conditions, oxygen and sulfide consumption are matched. Under hypoxic to anoxic conditions, however, sulfide consumption continues without commensurate oxygen consumption, and these results can be duplicated at higher oxygen conditions by selective blockade of terminal oxidases. These metabolic capabilities depend on prior environmental sulfide exposure, which suggests substantial mitochondrial metabolic plasticity. The recent finding that endogenous sulfide is a critical cell signaling molecule in all organisms suggests that the metabolic pathways that tightly control cellular sulfide levels are widespread. Sensors that accurately report sulfide concentrations under physiologically relevant conditions are valuable tools with which to explore the expanding role of sulfide in biological systems.
OXYGEN TRANSMISSION RATE THROUGH MICRO‐PERFORATED FILMS: MEASUREMENT AND MODEL COMPARISON (2001)

ABSTRACT Static and flow‐through techniques were used to experimentally measure the oxygen transmission rate of micro‐perforated films. The static method simulates the actual package conditions but is very time consuming. Whereas, the flow‐through method is relatively simple and takes less time to give the results, but it gave higher values than that obtained by the static method. A regression equation was developed to correlate the data obtained by these two methods. Published models for predicting gas exchange through micro‐perforations were evaluated. The predicted data by these models were compared with the experimental data obtained by the static method and the flow‐through method for six different films. The model proposed by Fishman et al. (1996) (J=‐D(c‐c A )/L h ; L h = thickness of the film + radius of the perforation) had very good agreement with the experimental data from the static method.
A systolic array for nonlinear adaptive filtering and pattern recognition (2002)

A systolic array for multidimensional fitting and interpolation using (nonlinear) radial basis functions (RBFs) is proposed. The fit may be constrained very simply to ensure that the resulting surface takes a pre-determined value at one or more specific points. The RBF processor is capable of performing a wide range of complex pattern recognition tasks. The processor, which constitutes a form of nonlinear adaptive filter, behaves like a neural network based on the multilayer, feedforward perceptron model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of short interfering RNA against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus coagulase in vitro and in vivo (2005)

<I>Objectives</I>: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> calls for inventive research and development strategies. Inhibition of bacterial pathogenesis may be a promising therapeutic approach in this regard. The gene-silencing effect of short interfering RNA (siRNA) is useful for this strategy. We investigated the efficacy of siRNA on the expression of coagulase because it is the one of the most important enzymes in the pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant <I>S. aureus</I> (MRSA) infection. <I>Methods</I>: We designed and synthesized 21 bp siRNA duplexes against staphylococcal coagulase. RT-PCR was performed to determine whether the siRNAs inhibit the expression of the coagulase mRNA and radiolabelled siRNA was used to confirm transfection to bacteria <I>in vitro</I>. The efficacy of siRNA was determined in a murine model of haematogenous pulmonary infection. <I>Results</I>: RT-PCR showed that siRNAs significantly inhibited the expression of the coagulase mRNA. The coagulase titres in the siRNA and control groups were 8 and 32, respectively. Measurement of incorporated radioactivity indicated that the siRNAs were delivered into the bacteria. In the murine infection model, in control and siRNA groups, 7.64 ± 0.42 and 6.29 ± 0.23 log cfu/mL (mean ± SEM) MRSA were detected, respectively, showing that there was a significant decrease in the number of viable bacteria in the siRNA group (<I>P</I> < 0.05). <I>Conclusions</I>: The results show that siRNA inhibited both mRNA expression and the activity of MRSA coagulase <I>in vitro</I>. The <I>in vivo</I> results revealed that the siRNA was effective in reducing the bacterial load in a murine model of haematogenous pulmonary infection. Targeting of coagulase with siRNA appears to be a novel strategy for treating MRSA infections.
Machine learning and deep neural network — Artificial intelligence core for lab and real-world test and validation for ADAS and autonomous vehicles: AI for efficient and quality test and validation (2017)

Autonomous vehicles are now the future of automobile industry. Human drivers can be completely taken out of the loop through the implementation of safe and intelligent autonomous vehicles. Although we can say that HW and SW development continues to play a large role in the automotive industry, test and validation of these systems is a must. The ability to test these vehicles thoroughly and efficiently will ensure their proper and flawless operation. When a large number of people with heterogeneous knowledge and skills try to develop an autonomous vehicle together, it is important to use a sensible engineering process. State of the art techniques for such development include Waterfall, Agile & V-model, where test & validation (T&V) process is an integral part of such a development cycle. This paper will propose a new methodology using machine learning & deep neural network (AI-core) for lab & real-world T&V for ADAS (Advanced driver assistance system) and autonomous vehicles. The methodology will initially connect T&V of individual systems in each level of development and that of complete system efficiently, by using the proposed phase methodology, in which autonomous driving functions are grouped under categories, special T&V processes are carried on simulation as well as in HIL systems. The complete transition towards AI in the field of T&V will be a sequence of steps. Initially the AI-core is fed with available test scenarios, boundary conditions for the test cases and scenarios, and examples, the AI-core will conduct virtual tests on simulation environment using available test scenarios and further generates new test cases and scenarios for efficient and precise tests. These test cases and scenarios are meant to cover all available cases and concentrate on the area where bugs or failures occur. The complete surrounding environment in the simulation is also controlled by the AI-core which means that the system can attain endless/all-possible combinations of the surrounding environment which is necessary. Results of the tests are sorted and stored, critical and important tests are again repeated in the real-world environment using automated cars with other real subsystems to depict the surrounding environment, which are all controlled by the AI-core, and meanwhile the AI-core is always in the loop and learning from each and every executed test case and its results/outcomes. The main goal is to achieve efficient and high quality test and validation of systems for automated driving, which can save precious time in the development process. As a future scope of this methodology, we can step-up to make most parts of test and validation completely autonomous.
User-Centred Design of an MBone Videoconference Polling Tool (2002)

The is the portion of the Internet that has implemented multicasting and videoconferencing is the most common MBone application. The MERCI research project includes an analysis of user needs and opinions related to MBone videoconferencing. To facilitate this work, a new MBone polling tool (MPoll) has been developed according to user-centred design techniques. First, design specifications were developed based on experience with the MBone applications and an evaluation of user needs. Next, a proposed user-interface (UI) design was sketched on paper. This UI design was implemented in a non-functioning prototype (using Perl/Tk) and MBone users evaluated it for familiarity and ease of use. Suggestions for improvements were used to revise the design, which was then implemented in Tcl/Tk and C. The UI component was combined with a multicast networking component to form an operational program. The program was subjected to repeated Alpha and Beta tests where MBone users provided comments and the program was improved. MPoll is currently being used to collect realtime ratings and opinions from MBone videoconference users. MPoll is also useful as a decision support tool during remote meetings, and as a general polling tool.
Relation between the medial axis of the foot outline and 3-D foot shape (1996)

Posterior flexion angle (PFA) of the medial axis of foot outline is a useful tool for analysing the morphological variation of the human foot. In order to clarify the relation between PFA and the three-dimensional foot shape, the right foot was measured three-dimensionally for 20 male and 39 female subjects. The foot was taken to consist of a series of cross-sections, and morphological characteristics of these sections as well as PFA and the intensity of medial bulge were used to analyse the foot shape. These morphological characteristics were independent of the foot size and correlated with each other. The results of a principal component analysis indicate that the most important variation in the human foot shape is that contrasting a pronated flat foot and a foot of ‘standard’ type. A ‘standard’ type of foot has well-developed plantar arch and straight medial axis, and actually the majority of people do not have this type of foot. The strategies for improving the fit of the shoe in a general population were discussed.
Design and Analysis of Meander Microstrip Antenna at Wireless Band (2015)

Meander line antenna (MLA) is an electrically small antenna which poses several performance related issues such as narrow bandwidth, high VSWR, low gain and high cross polarization levels. This paper describe the design ,simulation and development of meander line microstrip antenna at wireless band, the antenna was modeled using microstrip lines and S parameter for the antenna was obtained. The properties of the antenna such as bandwidth, beamwidth, gain, directivity, return loss and polarization were obtained.
Kew Chromosome Conference IV : proceedings of the Fourth Chromosome Conference held in the Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 30 August-2 September, 1994 (1995)

Papers from 36 speakers covering chromosomes, populations and conservation, chromosomes and economic botany, genome organisation, cytotaxonomy and evolution, chromosome structure and activity, and chromosomes in reproduction and development.
New trends in the electrochemical sensing of dopamine (2012)

Since the early 70s electrochemistry has been used as a powerful analytical technique for monitoring electroactive species in living organisms. In particular, after extremely rapid evolution of new micro and nanotechnology it has been established as an invaluable technique ranging from experiments in vivo to measurement of exocytosis during communication between cells under in vitro conditions. This review highlights recent advances in the development of electrochemical sensors for selective sensing of one of the most important neurotransmitters--dopamine. Dopamine is an electroactive catecholamine neurotransmitter, abundant in the mammalian central nervous system, affecting both cognitive and behavioral functions of living organisms. We have not attempted to cover a large time-span nor to be comprehensive in presenting the vast literature devoted to electrochemical dopamine sensing. Instead, we have focused on the last five years, describing recent progress as well as showing some problems and directions for future development.
A novel broadband EBG using multi-period mushroom-like structure (2008)

A novel broadband electromagnetic band-gap (EBG) structure is presented using multi-period mushroom-like structure with different patch size cascaded. Direct transmission method is used to determine the band-gap of the EBG structure. The effects of the unit number and patch size on the mushroom-like EBG structure are investigated. Two kinds of unit with different patch size are cascaded to enlarge the band-gap of EBG structure, which achieves almost 87.1%. The simulation results show that the band-gap almost covers the stop-band produced by the two uniform configurations with different patch size respectively.