gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positively charged defects associated with self-assembled quantum dot formation (2000)

Capacitance measurements are used to investigate a series of single-barrier n-i-n GaAs/AlAs/GaAs heterostructures incorporating a layer of self-assembled InAs quantum dots into the AlAs barrier. They reveal a low-density, excess positive charge in the AlAs barrier which we attribute to defects associated with quantum dot formation. The quantity of positive charge is proportional to the amount of AlAs deposited on top of the dots.
Balance of RNA sequence requirement and NS3/NS3a expression of segment 10 of orbiviruses (2015)

Orbiviruses are insect-transmitted, non-enveloped viruses with a ten-segmented dsRNA genome of which the bluetongue virus (BTV) is the prototype. Viral non-structural protein NS3/NS3a is encoded by genome segment 10 (Seg-10), and is involved in different virus release mechanisms. This protein induces specific release via membrane disruptions and budding in both insect and mammalian cells, but also the cytopathogenic release that is only seen in mammalian cells. NS3/NS3a is not essential for virus replication in vitro with BTV Seg-10 containing RNA elements essential for virus replication, even if protein is not expressed. Recently, new BTV serotypes with distinct NS3/NS3a sequence and cell tropism have been identified. Multiple studies have hinted at the importance of Seg-10 in orbivirus replication, but the exact prerequisites are still unknown. Here, more insight is obtained with regard to the needs for orbivirus Seg-10 and the balance between protein expression and RNA elements. Multiple silent mutations in the BTV NS3a ORF destabilized Seg-10, resulting in deletions and sequences originating from other viral segments being inserted, indicating strong selection at the level of RNA during replication in mammalian cells in vitro. The NS3a ORFs of other orbiviruses were successfully exchanged in BTV1 Seg-10, resulting in viable chimeric viruses. NS3/NS3a proteins in these chimeric viruses were generally functional in mammalian cells, but not in insect cells. NS3/NS3a of the novel BTV serotypes 25 and 26 affected virus release from Culicoides cells, which might be one of the reasons for their distinct cell tropism.
Multiplane and Spectrally-Resolved Single Molecule Localization Microscopy with Industrial Grade CMOS Cameras (2017)

ABSTRACT In this work we explore the use of industrial grade CMOS cameras for single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). We show that the performance of these cameras in single imaging plane SMLM applications is comparable to much more expensive scientific CMOS (sCMOS) cameras. We show that these cameras can be used in more demanding biplane, multiplane and spectrally resolved SMLM applications. The 10-40× reduction in camera cost makes it practical to build SMLM setups with 4 or more cameras. In addition we provide open-source software for simultaneously controlling multiple CMOS cameras and for the reduction of the movies that are acquired to super-resolution images.
Acoustical characterization of impermeable membranes: hearing aid applications (2004)

This investigation explored the feasibility of utilizing impermeable membranes to develop an easy to clean, water resistant hearing aid. A common problem with hearing aids is the accumulation of earwax in the small conduit that communicates the loudspeaker with the exterior of the device. This problem could be overcome by placing an impermeable membrane at the hearing aid surface to prevent earwax (as well as other substances) from entering the device. Placing a membrane between the loudspeaker and the ear canal will probably distort the sound generated by the loudspeaker, since the membrane will attenuate and possibly reflect some of the sound. A microphone and a loudspeaker similar to those utilized for hearing aid applications were used to determine the acoustic transfer characteristics of several types of impermeable membranes. Digital signal processing techniques were employed to compensate for the deleterious effects that the membrane can impart to the sound generated by the loudspeaker.
Experimental Studies on Abrasive Wear of Surface-Hardened and Shot Peened Alloy Cast Steels (2016)

The paper presents the results of wear tests of shot-peened and non-shot-peened cast steels with the use of an especially designed test rig simulating real operating conditions of chain wheels. The chain wheels subjected to tests were operated with the use of loose quartz abrasive. The studies involved the determination of strength and plastic properties, hardness distributions, microstructure and linear wear of the selected cast steels. Based on the results obtained, the following was found: the abrasive wear of cast steel chain wheels increased after shot peening.
Grb2 signaling in cell motility and cancer (2008)

Grb2 is a key molecule in intracellular signal transduction, linking activated cell surface receptors to downstream targets by binding to specific phosphotyrosine-containing and proline-rich sequence motifs. Grb2 signaling is critical for cell cycle progression and actin-based cell motility, and, consequently, more complex processes such as epithelial morphogenesis, angiogenesis and vasculogenesis. These functions make Grb2 a therapeutic target for strategies designed to prevent the spread of solid tumors through local invasion and metastasis.
The CEACAM1 N-terminal Ig domain mediates cis- and trans-binding and is essential for allosteric rearrangements of CEACAM1 microclusters (2009)

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) sense the extracellular microenvironment and transmit signals to the intracellular compartment. In this investigation, we addressed the mechanism of signal generation by ectodomains of single-pass transmembrane homophilic CAMs. We analyzed the structure and homophilic interactions of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-related CAM 1 (CEACAM1), which regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, motility, morphogenesis, and microbial responses. Soluble and membrane-attached CEACAM1 ectodomains were investigated by surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor analysis, molecular electron tomography, and chemical cross-linking. The CEACAM1 ectodomain, which is composed of four glycosylated immunoglobulin-like (Ig) domains, is highly flexible and participates in both antiparallel (trans) and parallel (cis) homophilic binding. Membrane-attached CEACAM1 ectodomains form microclusters in which all four Ig domains participate. Trans-binding between the N-terminal Ig domains increases formation of CEACAM1 cis-dimers and changes CEACAM1 interactions within the microclusters. These data suggest that CEACAM1 transmembrane signaling is initiated by adhesion-regulated changes of cis-interactions that are transmitted to the inner phase of the plasma membrane.
The Clausius-Mossotti problem for cubic arrays of spheres (1978)

The numerical solution of the Clausius-Mossotti problem for the permittivity of a suspension of perfectly conducting spheres in a cubic array is presented for sc, fcc, and bcc lattices. The results apply to electrical permittivity, magnetic permeability, electrical and thermal conductivity, and particle diffusivity. The calculations are compared with the Clausius-Mossotti relation. Rayleigh’s equation is corrected and compared with the numerical results. A simple interpolation formula for the permittivity of a medium of perfectly conducting spheres in a simple cubic lattice is found to give an excellent approximation at all volume ratios.
Electron-induced ferromagnetic ordering of Co-doped ZnO (2007)

The electronic and magnetic properties of Co-doped ZnO are investigated based on the B3LYP hybrid spin-density functional method. The calculated electronic structures obtained from B3LYP agree well with the experimental results. B3LYP predicts that antiferromagnetic (AFM) ordering between the Co ions is favored over ferromagnetic (FM) ordering in intrinsic Co-doped ZnO, and reveals that the FM ordering can be induced by electron doping when the doping level reaches 1 electron per Co ion. These results agree well with the FM ordering observed in highly conductive n-type Zn1−xCoxO films. Charge transfer to the minority-spin d states of Co atoms and the consequent double-exchange interaction are the primary origins of FM ordering. Since Ni has one more electron than Co, we also investigate the electronic and magnetic properties of intrinsic Ni-doped ZnO. Qualitatively different from the local-density-approximation results, B3LYP predicts that Ni-doped ZnO is an insulator and favors AFM ordering.
Synthesis of 3-O-(6-deoxy-6-sulpho-α-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-di-O-hexadecanoyl-<scp>L</scp>-glycerol, ‘sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride’ (1980)

3-O-(2,3,4-Tri-O-benzyl-6-O-tosyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-L-glycerol was treated with potassium thioacetate and the product was hydrolysed with base to give the corresponding 6-deoxy-6-thioderivative which on oxidation with iodine gave the crystalline disulphide. The isopropylidene groups were hydrolysed and the product was acylated with hexadecanoyl chloride in pyridine to give crystalline bis-[3-O-(2,3,4tri-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-α-D-glucopyrancsyl)-1,2-di-O-hexadecanoyl-L-glycerol]-6,6-disulphide. Oxidation of this compound with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid and subsequent hydrogenolysis of the benzyl groups gave the title compound with properties similar to those of a sample prepared by hydrogenation of the natural ‘sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride.’
Human<i>Metapneumovirus</i>as a Cause of Community-Acquired Respiratory Illness1 (2002)

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a recently identified Paramyxovirus first isolated from hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI). We sought evidence of HMPV infection in patients who had visited general practitioners, had influenzalike illnesses (ILI), and had negative tests for influenza and Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). As part of national virologic surveillance, sentinel general practices in England and Wales collected samples from patients of all ages with ILI during winter 2000-01. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HMPV, influenza A (H1 and H3), influenza B, and HRSV (A and B) was used to screen combined nose and throat swabs. PCR products from the HMPV-positive samples were sequenced to confirm identity and construct phylogenetic trees. Of 711 swabs submitted, 408 (57.3%) were negative for influenza and HRSV; HMPV was identified in 9 (2.2%) patients. HMPV appears to be associated with community-acquired ARTI. The extent of illness and possible complications related to this new human virus need to be clarified.
Immunogenicity of a soluble membrane antigen from adenovirus-12 induced tumor cells demonstrated in inbred hamsters (PD-4) (1972)

A soluble antigen was isolated from the cell-membrane fraction of a transplantable adenovirus-12 tumor which had been induced and carried in inbred hamsters for more than 4 years. In this same inbred strain, an immunizing dose–response relationship was determined. As little as 60 μg of the soluble antigen, Ad-12 tumor-specific transplantation antigen (TSTA) given intraperitoneally without adjuvant led to protection of about 50% of challenged hamsters. A single intraperitoneal injection of 90 to 120 μg of Ad-12 TSTA protein, with or without adjuvant, led to protection of inbred hamsters to an inoculum of Ad-12 tumor cells which yielded tumors in 80 to 90% of nonimmunized hamsters. Immunized hamsters did not resist a challenge of 104 SV 40 -induced tumor cells.
Role of CD8 T Cells in Rat IgE Responses (1991)

The role of the cytokines interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma in the regulation of IgE responses in the mouse and man have focused on the role of CD4 T cells. In the rat, antigen-specific CD8 T cells, generated following inhalation of antigen, have been shown to be capable of suppressing IgE responses. Repeated intraperitoneal injections of 1 ng ricin and 1 microgram antigen established a long-lived IgE response in both low- and high-IgE responder rat strains (Wistar and Brown Norway). The duration of the IgE antibody response was 204 and 248 days, respectively. Total IgE levels rose from 30 +/- 20 to 39,000 +/- 7,500 ng/ml in the Wistar rat and from 120 +/- 100 to 47,000 +/- 8,000 ng/ml in the Brown Norway rat. An even greater (10(4)-fold) increase was seen in antigen-specific IgE antibody levels. Ricin alone had no effect and concomitant or prior stimulation with antigen was required. The proportion of CD4+ and CD8+ cells present in the spleen at the peak of the IgE response was markedly increased compared with animals given ricin or antigen alone. Furthermore, CD8 T cells were approximately 100 times more sensitive to ricin than CD4 T cells. These data suggest that enhancement of IgE responses in ricin-treated animals results from the selective deletion of T cells which suppress IgE and are of the CD8 phenotype.
Monitoring of bone consolidation by ultrasound velocity measurement (1992)

Based on a commercially available ultrasound unit, a method was developed to determine the ultrasound velocity in vivo in cortical bone. The proposed method is inherently insensitive to the influence of soft tissues. Velocities measured with this method in young volunteers were in agreement with literature. The method was used to assess bone consolidation in tibiae which were lengthened with the Ilizarov technique. A significant increase of the ultrasound velocity at the healing site was observed throughout healing.
Biological function of recombinant IL-6 expressed in a baculovirus system. (1991)

The cDNA of human interleukin-6 (IL-6) was cloned into baculovirus DNA. Insect cells (Spodoptera frugiperda cells) infected with the recombinant baculovirus secreted a large amount of 22K protein into the culture medium. This culture fluid contained high biological activity of growth stimulation of a mouse myeloid cell line (MH-60). The IL-6 was purified by a one-step procedure employing immunoaffinity chromatography of monoclonal antibody to IL-6. The specific activities (BSF-2 reference units/mg protein) of the original culture medium and the purified material from the one-step purification were 0.3-1 x 10(6) and greater than 2 x 10(7), respectively. The highly purified IL-6 could not induce an antiviral state in human diploid fibroblast (FS-4) cells.
Full hydrodynamic reversibility of the weak dimerization of vancomycin and elucidation of its interaction with VanS monomers at clinical concentration (2017)

The reversibility and strength of the previously established dimerization of the important glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin in four different aqueous solvents (including a medically-used formulation) have been studied using short-column sedimentation equilibrium in the analytical ultracentrifuge and model-independent SEDFIT-MSTAR analysis across a range of loading concentrations. The change in the weight average molar mass M <sub>w</sub> with loading concentration was consistent with a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Overlap of data sets of point weight average molar masses M <sub>w</sub>(r) versus local concentration c(r) for different loading concentrations demonstrated a completely reversible equilibrium process. At the clinical infusion concentration of 5 mg.mL<sup>-1</sup> all glycopeptide is dimerized whilst at 19 µg.mL<sup>-1</sup> (a clinical target trough serum concentration), vancomycin was mainly monomeric (<20% dimerized). Analysis of the variation of M <sub>w</sub> with loading concentration revealed dissociation constants in the range 25-75 μM, commensurate with a relatively weak association. The effect of two-fold vancomycin (19 µg.mL<sup>-1</sup>) appears to have no effect on the monomeric enterococcal VanS kinase involved in glycopeptide resistance regulation. Therefore, the 30% increase in sedimentation coefficient of VanS on adding vancomycin observed previously is more likely to be due to a ligand-induced conformational change of VanS to a more compact form rather than a ligand-induced dimerization.
In Situ Diversification of the Antibody Repertoire in Chronic Lyme Arthritis Synovium (2005)

Lyme arthritis is initiated by the tick-borne spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. In a subset of patients, symptoms do not resolve in response to standard courses of antibiotics. Chronic joint inflammation may persist despite spirochetal killing, suggesting an autoimmune etiology. The pathogenic mechanisms that sustain chronic Lyme arthritis have not been fully elucidated, although T cells are believed to play a role. The synovial lesion contains elements of a peripheral lymph node, with lymphoid aggregates, plasma cells and follicular dendritic cells. An analysis of activated cells at the site of injury could yield clues regarding the nature of the response and the identity of potential autoantigens. Using laser-capture microdissection, we have isolated plasma cells from the joint tissue of chronic Lyme arthritis patients who underwent synovectomy. Expressed Ig V regions were amplified by RT-PCR. A majority of isolated cells expressed gamma H chains, which is indicative of a class-switched response. There were a large number of nucleotide substitutions from germline, with a higher fraction of replacement mutations in the CDRs, suggesting a process of Ag-driven selection. We have recovered clonal clusters of cells containing identical junctions and V(D)J rearrangements. Sequence analysis reveals a hierarchy of shared somatic mutations between members of a given clone. Intraclonal diversity among plasma cells of close physical proximity points toward an ongoing process of diversification and affinity maturation, possibly driven by the chronic presence of an autoantigen.
Supercritical Fluids (1987)

The transport properties of supercritical fluid mixtures are strongly affected by critical fluctuations. As a first step in testing the validity and the applicability range of the existing theories of critical phenomena, we have used photon correlation spectroscopy to measure the decay rate of density fluctuations in dilute supercritical solutions of heptane, benzene, and decane in CO2. The results along critical isochores were analyzed in terms of the mode-coupling and the dynamic renormalization-group theories. The values of v, the temperature exponent of the size of the fluctuations, were in very good agreement with its ideal value. The relative magnitudes of the background contributions in different systems indicated the effects of molecular diffusion and solute-solvent interactions.
A dynamic method for discovering density varied clusters (2013)

Density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) is a base algorithm for density based clustering. It can find out the clusters of different shapes and sizes from a large amount of data, which is containing noise and outliers. However, it fails to handle the local density variation that exists within the cluster. Thus, a good clustering method should allow a significant density variation within the cluster because, if we go for homogeneous clustering, a large number of smaller unimportant clusters may be generated. In this paper an enhancement of DBSCAN algorithm is proposed, which detects the clusters of different shapes, sizes that differ in local density. We introduce new algorithm Dynamic Method DBSCAN (DMDBSCAN). It selects several values of the radius of a number of objects (Eps) for different densities according to a k-dist plot. For each value of Eps, DBSCAN algorithm is adopted in order to make sure that all the clusters with respect to the corresponding density are clustered. For the next process, the points that have been clustered are ignored, which avoids marking both denser areas and sparser ones as one cluster. Experimental results are obtained from artificial data sets and UCI real data sets. The final results show that our algorithm get a good results with respect to the original DBSCAN and DVBSCAN algorithms.
Oxovanadium(IV), copper(II) or cobalt(II) acetylacetone complexes immobilized on amino‐functionalized CMK‐3 for the aerobic epoxidation of styrene (2015)

Oxovanadium(IV), copper(II) and cobalt(II) acetylacetone complexes have been grafted onto amino‐modified CMK‐3‐O (VO‐NH 2 ‐CMK‐3, Cu‐NH 2 ‐CMK‐3 and Co‐NH 2 ‐CMK‐3,respectively) and the materials thus prepared were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of styrene. X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption–desorption and transmission electron microscopy measurements confirmed the structural integrity of the mesoporous hosts, and spectroscopic characterization techniques (Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron, Raman) and thermogravimetry confirmed the ligands and the successful anchoring of the acetylacetone complexes to the modified mesoporous support. VO‐NH 2 ‐CMK‐3 displayed a relatively good catalytic performance with 94.6% of styrene conversion using air as oxidant, while Cu‐NH 2 ‐CMK‐3 gave 99.6% of styrene conversion using tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interface chemistry of SiC/Co reaction (1995)

Reaction coulples of SiC with cobalt were annealed in an Ar/4 vol% atmosphere at temperatures between and for various times between 4 and 100 h. At temperatures above , solid state reactions lead to the formation of various silicides with carbon precipitates. The typical reaction layer sequence was in the reaction zone. The mechanism of the periodic band structure formation with the carbon precipitation behaviour was examined and discussed in terms of reaction kinetics and thermodynamic considerations. The growth of the reaction zone has a square root of time dependence. The reaction kinetics is proposed to estimate the effective reaction constant from the parabolic gowth of the reaction zone. The mechanical properties of the reaction zones were determined by the microhardness test.
The three‐dimensional structure of the analgesic α‐conotoxin, RgIA (2008)

The alpha-conotoxin RgIA is a selective antagonist of the alpha9alpha10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and has been shown to be a potent analgesic and reduces nerve injury associated inflammation. RgIA was chemically synthesized and found to fold into two disulfide isomers, globular and ribbon. The native globular isomer inhibited ACh-evoked currents reversibly in oocytes expressing rat alpha9alpha10 nAChRs but the ribbon isomer was inactive. We determined the three-dimensional structure of RgIA using NMR methods to assist in elucidating the molecular role of RgIA in analgesia and inflammation.