gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacial Bonding in Graphite Fiber-Resin Composites (1969)

Interlaminar shear strength values of 4000 psi, typical of graphite fiber-epoxy composites, are so low as to hinder more widespread use of such materials. Possible reasons for the apparently weak interfacial bonding between the fiber and the resin have been advanced, but none of these has been fully satisfactory. Attacks on the problem have been mostly empirical, but some have achieved considerable success. A study of composites made from graphite fibers in which silicon carbide whiskers were grown has demonstrated dramatic improvements in interlaminar shear strength and in transverse properties. Another approach has involved chemical activation of the fiber surface by oxidizing systems; this also has provided substantial improvement in composite shear strengths. A number of other surface treatment methods which are being investigated in various laboratories are reviewed here.
Role for Thymic and Splenic Regulatory CD4+ T Cells Induced by Donor Dendritic Cells in Allograft Tolerance by LF15-0195 Treatment (2002)

A 20-day treatment with LF15-0195, a deoxyspergualine analogue, induced allograft tolerance in a fully MHC-mismatched heart allograft model in the rat. Long-term allografts displayed minimal cell infiltration with no signs of chronic rejection. CD4+ spleen T cells from tolerant LF15-0195-treated recipients were able to suppress in vitro proliferation of allogeneic CD4+ T cells and to transfer tolerance to second syngeneic recipients, demonstrating dominant suppression by regulatory cells. A significant increase in the percentage of CD4+CD25+ T cells was observed in the thymus and spleen from tolerant LF15-0195-treated recipient. In vitro direct stimulation with donor APCs demonstrated that CD4+ regulatory T cells proliferated weakly and expressed low levels of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and IL-2. CD4+CD25+ cell depletion increased IL-2 production by CD4+CD25- thymic cells, but not splenic cells. Moreover, tolerance was transferable with splenic and thymic CD4+CD25+ cells, but also in 50% of cases with splenic CD4+CD25- cells, demonstrating that CD25 can be a marker for regulatory cells in the thymus, but not in the periphery. In addition, we presented evidences that donor APCs were required to induce tolerance and to expand regulatory CD4+ T cells. This study demonstrates that LF15-0195 treatment induces donor APCs to expand powerful regulatory CD4+CD25+/- T cells present in both the central and peripheral compartments.
A Feature-Based Approach to Automated Registration of Remotely Sensed Images (2006)

In this paper, a new automatic control point selection and matching technique for satellite image registration is proposed. This technique exploits the invariant relations between regions of a reference and a sensed image, respectively. It involves an edge-based selection of the most distinctive control points in the reference image. The search for the corresponding control points in the sensed image is based on local similarity detection by means of template matching according to a combined invariants-based similarity measure. The final transformation of the sensed image according to the selected control points is performed by using the thin-plate spline (TPS) interpolation. The proposed technique has been successfully applied to register multitemporal SPOT images from urban and agricultural areas. The experimental results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the algorithm which have outperformed manual registration in terms of root mean square error at the control points
Single-capacitor-single-contact active pixel sensor (2002)

An 86(H)/spl times/75(V) Active Pixel Sensor (APS) using a single-capacitor-single-contact pixel, in a BiCMOS process, is presented. The cell size is 14/spl lambda//spl times/14/spl lambda/, using MOSIS' SCMOS design rules. A smaller cell size is possible in non-scalable processes. The pixel is composed of an NPN phototransistor with a floating base; the base is capacitively coupled to the column select line. A large fill factor, for a CMOS APS, of 76.5% is obtained. With an integration time of 27.68 /spl mu/s, pixel sensitivity is 6.2 nA/lux and does not saturate above 8 K lux. The reset scheme provides simultaneous lag and blooming protection at 75 frames/s.
Semantic Web Fred - Automated Goal Resolution on the Semantic Web (2005)

Semantic Web Fred, SWF for short, is a context-independent, goal-driven system for automated execution of tasks that are delegated to electronic representatives along with dynamic service usage. A task is assigned to an agent for automated resolution, represented as a Goal. This is used to determine potential partners for collaborative task resolution, and for discovery of suitable goal-resolving services that can be internal implementations as well as external Semantic Web Services. The SWF technology integrates agent technology, ontologies, and Semantic Web Service technologies - the technological building blocks identified for the Semantic Web - into a coherent system. This paper describes the architecture of SWF, explains the mechanisms for establishing automated and cooperative goal resolution, and the alignment of SWF with the Web Service Modeling Ontology WSMO, a well-structured overall framework for Semantic Web Services. We also outline the contribution of SWF to the development of Semantic Web technologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Examination of N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrakis(2‐hydroxyethyl)1,4‐ diaminobutyne‐2 as a Flotation Agent. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental implementation of time-coding quantum key distribution (2005)

We have implemented an experimental setup in order to demonstrate the feasibility of time-coding protocols for quantum key distribution. Alice produces coherent 20-ns faint pulses of light at 853 nm. They are sent to Bob with delay 0 ns (encoding bit 0) or 10 ns (encoding bit 1). Bob directs at random the received pulses to two different arms. In the first one, a 300 ps resolution Si photon counter allows Bob to precisely measure the detection times of each photon in order to establish the key. Comparing them with the emission times of the pulses sent by Alice allows one to evaluate the quantum bit error rate (QBER). The minimum obtained QBER is 1.62%. The possible loss of coherence in the setup can be exploited by Eve to eavesdrop the line. Therefore, the second arm of Bob setup is a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a 10 ns propagation delay between the two paths. Contrast measurement of the output beams allows one to measure the autocorrelation function of the received pulses that characterizes their average coherence. In the case of an ideal setup, the value expected with the pulses sent by Alice is 0.576. The experimental value of the pulses autocorrelation function is found to be 0.541. Knowing the resulting loss of coherence and the measured QBER, one can evaluate the mutual information between Alice and Eve and the mutual information between Alice and Bob, in the case of intercept-resend attacks and in the case of attacks with intrication. With our values, Bob has an advantage on Eve of 0.43 bit per pulse. The maximum possible QBER corresponding to equal informations for Bob and Eve is 5.8%. With the usual attenuation of fibres at 850 nm, it shows that secure key distribution is possible up to a distance of 2.75 km, which is sufficient for local links.
Synthesis of 5.ALPHA.-cholestan-6-one derivatives with some substituents at the C-1, C-2, or C-3 position. (1987)

In order to investigate the regioselectivity of Baeyer-Villiger oxidation, thirty 5α-cholestan-6- one derivatives with various substituents (methyl, hydrogen, acetoxymethyl, methoxy, acetyloxy, benzoyloxy, trifluoroacetyloxy, p-toluenesulfonyloxy) at the C-1, C-2, or C-3 position were synthesized from cholesterol. The 6-oxo functional group of 5α-cholestan-6-one derivatives was introduced via hydroboration. The 3β-derivatives were readily obtained by using the native 3β- hydroxyl group of cholesterol. The 3α-isomers were obtained by inversion of the configuration of the 3β-tosylate 24 with tetra-n-butylammonium acetate in refluxing 2-butanone. The 2β-isomers were derived from the 2-ene 43 by bromohydrination, LiAlH4 reduction, and esterification. The 2β- to 2α-hydroxyl group inversion was achieved by Birch reduction of the 2-oxo steroid 51. The 1α-derivatives were derived from the known 6β-acetoxy- 1 α-hydroxy-5α-cholest-2-ene (57).
Design of a mechatronic system for human blood typing in emergency situations (2012)

The determination of human blood type in emergency situations is particular relevant. In accordance to this and considering the development of equipment, based on image processing techniques that can determine the blood type in short time, it was designed a medical device capable of being used in emergency situations. This device is constituted mainly by an embedded system (Liliput), for monitoring and processing blood samples with LabVIEW, a CCD camera, as well as additional electronic hardware to promote mixing of the blood samples with test reagents in addition to lighting intensity control for image capture. The obtained results allow including this equipment in health care units, and in mobile vehicles of medical assistance, due to its small dimensions, high speed response, trusted results, portability, low cost and easy maintenance.
Effects of dietary polyphenols on neuroregulatory factors and pathways that mediate food intake and energy regulation in obesity (2012)

Polyphenols are natural substances and are enriched in vegetables, fruits, grains, bark, tea, and wine. Some polyphenols have insulin-potentiating and anti-inflammatory effects, both of which are important in obesity. Dietary supplementation with polyphenolic compounds is associated with reduced diet-induced obesity and/or metabolic syndrome in animal and human studies. Insights into mechanisms that regulate food intake and satiety have led to an increased understanding of obesity but the pathogenesis underlying obesity is lacking. Food intake is subject to a complex regulation by the hypothalamus and other brain centers including the brain stem and the hippocampus. An intricate network of interacting feedback mechanisms that involve the aforementioned neural centers along with the stomach, gut, liver, thyroid, and adipose tissue in the periphery, influence the eventual outcome of food intake and satiety. Key peripheral signals, such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin, have been linked to hypothalamic neuropeptide systems in energy regulation. This review will examine the neural centers important in food intake, the role of various neuropeptides, and the neurohormonal influence on food intake. The potential role of polyphenols in influencing the neuroregulatory factors, the neural signaling pathways and/or the peripheral feedback mechanisms that modulate food intake will also be examined.
Antibody Purification: Ammonium Sulfate Fractionation or Gel Filtration (2009)

Antibodies can be purified by a variety of methods based on their unique physical and chemical properties such as size, solubility, charge, hydrophobicity and binding affinity. This chapter focuses on ammonium sulfate precipitation as a convenient first step in antibody purification in that, it allows the concentration of the starting material and the precipitation of the desired protein. The principle of ammonium sulfate precipitation lies in "salting out" proteins from the solution. The proteins are prevented to form hydrogen bonds with water and the salt facilitates their interaction with each other forming aggregates that afterward precipitate out of solution. Gel filtration or size- exclusion chromatography is also discussed in this chapter. Gel filtration is based on the relative size of protein molecules and it is of great value to separate IgMs, exchange buffers and/or desalt solutions. The columns designed to separate the proteins are composed of porous beads and the proteins will flow through the packed column inside and around the beads, depending on its size.
Distinct and overlapping roles of two gibberellin 3‐oxidases in Arabidopsis development (2006)

Gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase, a class of 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, catalyzes the conversion of precursor GAs to their bioactive forms, thereby playing a direct role in determining the levels of bioactive GAs in plants. Gibberellin 3-oxidase in Arabidopsis is encoded by a multigene family consisting of at least four members, designated AtGA3ox1 to AtGA3ox4. It has yet to be investigated how each AtGA3ox gene contributes to optimizing bioactive GA levels during growth and development. Using quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we have shown that each AtGA3ox gene exhibits a unique organ-specific expression pattern, suggesting distinct developmental roles played by individual AtGA3ox members. To investigate the sites of synthesis of bioactive GA in plants, we generated transgenic Arabidopsis that carried AtGA3ox1-GUS and AtGA3ox2-GUS fusions. Comparisons of the GUS staining patterns of these plants with that of AtCPS-GUS from previous studies revealed the possible physical separation of the early and late stages of the GA pathway in roots. Phenotypic characterization and quantitative analysis of the endogenous GA content of ga3ox1 and ga3ox2 single and ga3ox1/ga3ox2 double mutants revealed distinct as well as overlapping roles of AtGA3ox1 and AtGA3ox2 in Arabidopsis development. Our results show that AtGA3ox1 and AtGA3ox2 are responsible for the synthesis of bioactive GAs during vegetative growth, but that they are dispensable for reproductive development. The stage-specific severe GA-deficient phenotypes of the ga3ox1/ga3ox2 mutant suggest that AtGA3ox3 and AtGA3ox4 are tightly regulated by developmental cues; AtGA3ox3 and AtGA3ox4 are not upregulated to compensate for GA deficiency during vegetative growth of the double mutant.
Unifying behavioral synthesis and physical design (2000)

Our methodology unifies behavioral synthesis and physical design, allowing scheduling, allocation, binding, and placement to occur simultaneously. This is accomplished via set of defined transformation from both domains acting as forces in a single behavioral/physical system. Experiments show results with 50% less area and 10% lower critical path delay than the best results from a commercial behavioral synthesis tool. Our behavioral level area, delay, and individual component location estimates closely match results produced by physical design tools given only pin locations as a starting point.
D-Cycloserine Restores Experience-Dependent Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury in the Developing Rat Brain (2016)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children can cause persisting cognitive and behavioral dysfunction, and inevitably raises concerns about lost potential in these injured youth. Lateral fluid percussion injury (FPI) in weanling rats pathologically affects hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)- and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated glutamatergic neurotransmission subacutely within the first post-injury week. FPI to weanling rats has also been shown to impair enriched-environment (EE) induced enhancement of Morris water maze (MWM) learning and memory in adulthood. Recently, improved outcomes can be achieved using agents that enhance NMDAR function. We hypothesized that administering D-cycloserine (DCS), an NMDAR co-agonist, every 12 h (i.p.) would restore subacute glutamatergic neurotransmission and reinstate experience-dependent plasticity. Postnatal day 19 (P19) rats received either a sham or FPI. On post-injury day (PID) 1-3, animals were randomized to saline (Sal) or DCS. Firstly, immunoblotting of hippocampal NMDAR and AMPAR proteins were measured on PID4. Second, PID4 novel object recognition, an NMDAR- and hippocampal- mediated working memory task, was assessed. Third, P19 rats were placed in an EE (17 days), and MWM performance was measured, starting on PID30. On PID4, DCS restored reduced NR2A and increased GluR2 by 54%, and also restored diminished recognition memory in FPI pups. EE significantly improved MWM performance in shams, regardless of treatment. In contrast, FPI-EE-Sal animals only performed to the level of standard housed animals, whereas FPI-EE-DCS animals were comparable with sham-EE counterparts. This study shows that NMDAR agonist use during reduced glutamatergic transmission after developmental TBI can reinstate early molecular and behavioral responses that subsequently manifest in experience-dependent plasticity and rescued potential.
Effects of smoking on the presentation and clinical course of inflammatory bowel disease (1997)

Smoking habit significantly affects the presentation and clinical course of UC, whereas in CD, a smoking habit does not have any apparent influence on the disease.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 1‐Amino‐6‐halo‐β‐carbolines as Antimalarial and Antiprion Agents (2012)

Malaria is one of the world's most devastating parasitic diseases, causing almost one million deaths each year. Growing resistance to classical antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine, necessitates the discovery of new therapeutic agents for successful control of this global disease. Here, we report the synthesis of some 6-halo-β-carbolines as analogues of the potent antimalarial natural product, manzamine A, retaining its heteroaromatic core whilst providing compounds with much improved synthetic accessibility. Two compounds displayed superior activity to chloroquine itself against a resistant Plasmodium falciparum strain, identifying them as promising leads for future development. Furthermore, in line with previous reports of similarities in antimalarial and antiprion effects of aminoaryl-based antimalarial agents, the 1-amino-β-carboline libraries were also found to possess significant bioactivity against a prion-infected cell line.
Applications of Protein Microarray Technology (2007)

Protein microarrays, an emerging class of proteomic technologies, are quickly becoming essential tools for large-scale and high throughput biochemistry and molecular biology. Recent progress has been made in all the key steps of protein microarray fabrication and application, such as the large-scale cloning of expression-ready prokaryotic and eukaryotic ORFs, high throughput protein purification, surface chemistry, protein delivery systems, and detection methods. Two classes of protein microarrays are currently available: analytical and functional protein microarrays. In the case of analytical protein microarrays, well-characterized molecules with specific activity, such as antibodies, peptide-MHC complexes, or lectins, are used as immobilized probes. These arrays have become one of the most powerful multiplexed detection platforms. Functional protein microarrays are being increasingly applied to many areas of biological discovery, including drug target identification/validation and studies of protein interaction, biochemical activity, and immune responses. Great progress has been achieved in both classes of protein microarrays in terms of sensitivity and specificity, and new protein microarray technologies are continuing to emerge. Finally, protein microarrays have found novel applications in both scientific research and clinical diagnostics.
Smartphone: The Ultimate IoT and IoE Device (2017)

Internet of Things (IoT) and Internet of Everything (IoE) are emerging communication concepts that will interconnect a variety of devices (including smartphones, home appliances, sensors, and other network devices), people, data, and processes and allow them to communicate with each other seamlessly. These new concepts can be applied in many application domains such as healthcare, transportation, and supply chain management (SCM), to name a few, and allow users to get real-time information such as location-based services, disease management, and tracking. The smartphone-enabling technologies such as built-in sensors, Bluetooth, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tracking, and near-field communications (NFC) allow it to be an integral part of IoT and IoE world and the mostly used device in these environments. However, its use imposes severe security and privacy threats, because the smartphone usually contains and communicates sensitive private data. In this chapter, we provide a comprehensive survey on IoT and IoE technologies, their application domains, IoT structure and architecture, the use of smartphones in IoT and IoE, and the difference between IoT networks and mobile cellular networks. We also provide a concise overview of future opportunities and challenges in IoT and IoE environments and focus more on the security and privacy threats of using the smartphone in IoT and IoE networks with a suggestion of some countermeasures.
Three‐valued logic for reasoning from an inconsistent knowledge base (2006)

Abstract Nontrivial reasoning under inconsistency, called paraconsistent reasoning, has been discussed mainly in two frameworks; one is the classical logic (consistency‐based) framework and the other is the three‐valued logic framework. In this paper, we propose a new entailment relation based on three‐valued logic for reasoning from an inconsistent knowledge base, and discuss the relation between the previous two frameworks. A U‐minimum model of the inconsistent knowledge base is defined in accordance with a principle of uncertainty minimization for three‐valued models. We show that every set of atomic formulas assigned the additional third value in the U‐minimum model is the minimum hitting set for the collection of sets each of which consists of atomic formulas occurring in the minimal inconsistent set of the knowledge base. Based on this result, we present an algorithm to compute the paraconsistent entailment relation by reducing the three‐valued entailment relation to a two‐valued classical entailment relation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(14): 44–51, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20539
Role of p53 in mitochondrial biogenesis and apoptosis in skeletal muscle (2008)

p53 is a tumor suppressor protein that also plays a role in regulating aerobic metabolism. Since skeletal muscle is a major source of whole body aerobic respiration, it is important to delineate the effects of p53 on muscle metabolism. In p53 knockout (KO) mice, we observed diminished mitochondrial content in mixed muscle and lowered peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma) coactivator (PGC)-1alpha protein levels in gastrocnemius muscle. In intermyofibrillar (IMF) mitochondria, lack of p53 was associated with reduced respiration and elevated reactive oxygen species production. Permeability transition pore kinetics remained unchanged; however, IMF mitochondrial cytochrome c release was reduced and DNA fragmentation was lowered, illustrating a resistance to mitochondrially driven apoptosis in muscle of KO mice. p53-null animals displayed similar muscle strength but greater fatigability and less locomotory endurance than wild-type (WT) animals. Surprisingly, the adaptive responses in mitochondrial content to running were similar in WT and KO mice. Thus p53 may be important, but not necessary, for exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. In WT animals, acute muscle contractions induced the phosphorylation of p53 in concert with increased activation of upstream kinases AMP-activated protein kinase and p38, indicating a pathway through which p53 may initiate mitochondrial biogenesis in response to contractile activity. These data illustrate a novel role for p53 in maintaining mitochondrial biogenesis, apoptosis, and performance in skeletal muscle.