gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resetting the path integrator: a basic condition for route-based navigation (2004)

During short excursions away from home, some mammals are known to update their position with respect to their point of departure through path integration (dead reckoning) by processing internal (idiothetic) signals generated by rotations and translations. Path integration (PI) is a continuously ongoing process in which errors accumulate. To remain functional over longer excursions, PI needs to be reset through position information from stable external references. We tested the homing behaviour of golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus W.) during hoarding excursions following a rotation of the arena and nest. In continuous darkness, the hamsters returned to their point of departure at the rotated nest, and therefore depended on PI only. In other trials, the animals were briefly presented with visual room cues during or at the end of the outward trip, visual cues being pitted by 67 degrees or 98 degrees against the animal's current self-generated position vector. After a fix, the animals headed for the usual (unrotated) nest location, as defined by room cues, independent of the timing of the fix. These results were obtained in two different geometrical settings and showed that, after the fix, the animals update their position, and not merely their head direction or internal compass, in a new reference frame. Thus, episodic fixes on familiar external references reset the PI and therefore greatly enhance the functional signification of navigation that is based on feedback information from locomotion.
Pharmacologic Treatment of SARS: Current Knowledge and Recommendations (2007)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic caught the world by surprise in 2003 and spread rapidly within a relatively short period of time. Hence, randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials on the treatment of SARS were not possible. Our understanding was obtained from observational, cohort studies, case series and reports. Nevertheless, such information is useful in providing clinical management guidelines and directing future research in case SARS recurs. Early in the pandemic, a combination of ribavirin and corticosteroids was adopted as the standard treatment in Hong Kong, Canada and elsewhere because of the apparent good results of the first few patients. Subsequent reports showed that ribavirin was associated with a high rate of toxicity and lacked in vitro antiviral effect on SARS-coronavirus (SAR-CoV). The timing and dosage regimens of steroid in the treatment of SARS are controversial. Pulse methylprednisolone 250 to 500 mg/day for 3 to 6 days has been reported to have some efficacy in a subset of patients with "critical SARS", i.e., critically ill SARS patients with deteriorating radiographic consolidation, increasing oxygen requirement with PaO2 <10 kPa or SpO2 <90% on air, and respiratory distress (rate of 30/min). Prolonged therapy with high-dose steroids, in the absence of an effective antimicrobial agent, could predispose patients to complications such as disseminated fungal infection, and avascular necrosis. Kaletra (400 mg ritonavir and 100 mg lopinavir), a protease inhibitor used in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection, may be considered for early treatment of SARS patients, preferably in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial setting. Interferon (IFN) is not recommended as standard therapy in SARS. However, there are enough data on in vitro activity of IFN preparations and a few clinical studies for these products to support a controlled trial if SARS recurs. Many other experimental treatments have been tried in an uncontrolled manner, and they should not be recommended as standard therapy.
A novel poly(N-vinylcaprolactam)-based well-defined amphiphilic graft copolymer synthesized by successive RAFT and ATRP (2012)

A series of well-defined amphiphilic graft copolymers consisting of a hydrophobic poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) backbone and hydrophilic poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) (PNVCL) side chains were synthesized via the combination of reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), and the grafting-from strategy without any polymeric functional transformation. RAFT homopolymerization of tert-butyl 2-((2-bromopropanoyloxy)methyl)acrylate (tBBPMA) was first performed to give a well-defined Br-containing PtBBPMA backbone with a low polydispersity (Mw/Mn = 1.22). PNVCL side chains were grown from the backbone via straightforward ATRP of N-vinylcaprolactam using CuBr/Me6Cyclam as the catalytic system in 1,4-dioxane to afford the target PtBA-g-PNVCL amphiphilic graft copolymers with narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn ≤ 1.32). The self-assembly behavior of these graft copolymers in aqueous media was studied by fluorescence spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and furthermore, their thermo-responsive behavior was investigated by UV-vis and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Finally, the hydrophobic PtBA backbone was selectively hydrolyzed into a hydrophilic PAA backbone without affecting PNVCL side chains in the acidic environment to provide PAA-g-PNVCL graft copolymers.
Effects of D-Nebivolol and L-Nebivolol on Left Ventricular Systolic and Diastolic Function (1993)

(D-L) Nebivolol is a new beta 1-selective adrenoceptor blocker which in normal individuals preserves rest and exercise hemodynamics. We assessed the effects of the enantiomers (L- and D-nebivolol) on left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and compared their effects with those of the racemic mixture. LV angiography (+Millar) was performed before and after intravenous (i.v.) infusion of either D- or L-nebivolol (1.25-2.5 mg, n = 22) in patients with ischemic heart disease and previous myocardial infarction. Neither L- nor D-nebivolol produced significant changes in heart rate (HR), peak (+) dP/dt, (dP/dt) DP40, cardiac index (CI) or ejection fraction (EF). Diastolic distensibility, evaluated from the shift of the pressure-volume data at the time of mitral valve opening, did not improve after D- or L-enantiomers administration. In contrast, both D-L-nebivolol 2.5 mg (n = 9) and atenolol 15 mg (n = 9) significantly reduced HR and peak (+) dP/dt, but in comparison to atenolol D-L nebivolol improved EF (+4% after D-L nebivolol vs. -4% after atenolol; p < 0.05 D-L nebivolol vs. atenolol) and maintained cardiac output CO, (+2% vs. -21%; p < 0.05 between groups). Moreover, unlike any of the other drugs in the study, the racemate shifted the diastolic pressure-volume data downward, suggesting improved LV distensibility. The beneficial effects of nebivolol on LV systolic and diastolic function appears to require the presence of both D- and L-enantiomers.
Fertility history, health, and health changes in later life: A panel study of British women and men born 1923–49 (2011)

We investigated associations between later-life health and fertility history for women and men, using the British Household Panel Survey. We modelled health and its rate of change jointly with sample retention over an 11-year period. For women, childlessness is associated with limitation of activity for health reasons and faster acquisition of the limitation. High parity (four or more children) is associated with poorer health for both women and men. For the parous, this association is also found when age at first birth is controlled. Early parenthood is associated with poorer health. For parents of two or more children, a birth interval of less than 18 months is associated with having a health limitation and an accelerated rate of acquiring it. We conclude that biosocial pathways link parenthood careers and the later-life health of both women and men, and that implications of closely spaced births for parents merit further attention.
Expression of PTEN, p27, p21 and AKT mRNA and protein in human BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells in transplanted tumors of nude mice treated with the tripeptide tyroservatide (YSV) (2005)

The tripeptide, tyroservatide (YSV), has been previously shown to have antitumor effects through unknown mechanism. In the current study, we examined whether YSV modulates the protumorigenic PI3K pathway in human BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma cells. BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma was transplanted into the subcutaneous tissues of nude mice, and YSV, at varying doses, was administered. RT-PCR and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of PTEN, AKT, p21 and p27. YSV at doses of 80 microg/kg/day, 160 microg/kg/day and 320 microg/kg/day markedly inhibited the growth of human BEL-7402 hepatocarcinoma (p < 0.05). YSV increased mRNA and protein expression of the tumor-suppressor genes, PTEN, p21 and p27, and inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of the oncogene AKT. Furthermore, YSV administration was associated with dephosphorylation of both PTEN (which activates PTEN) and AKT (which inhibits AKT). These results are consistent with the possibility that YSV mediates inhibition of tumor growth through inhibition of the PI3K pathway and suggests that YSV should be explored for use as an antitumor agent for hepatocarcinoma.
Experimental determination of the superconducting pairing state in YBCO from the phase coherence of YBCO-Pb dc SQUIDs (1993)

We present an experiment designed to determine directly the symmetry of the pairing state in the cuprate superconductors. From the magnetic flux modulation of YBCO-Pb dc SQUIDs, we determine the spatial anisotropy of the phase of the order parameter in single crystals of YBCO. The experimental results are complicated by SQUID asymmetries and the trapping of magnetic vortices, but taken as a whole give rather strong evidence for a phase shift of \ensuremath{\pi} that is predicted for the ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{x}}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$${\mathit{y}}^{2}$ pairing state. This is further corroborated by single junction modulation measurements.
Characterization of Disordered Li<sub>(1+<i>x</i>)</sub>Ti<sub>2<i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>(1–3<i>x</i>)</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as Positive Electrode Materials in Li-Ion Batteries Using Percolation Theory (2015)

Recent theoretical and experimental works have shown that disordered positive electrode materials can function well in lithium cells. This work explores the solid solution series Li(1+x)Ti2xFe(1–3x)O2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.333) and compares the measured specific capacity variation with x to a recent theoretical model. The samples have varying degrees of cation disordering between lithium and transition metal layers that is dependent on x. The materials were characterized using induced coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) to quantify the degree of disorder and predict electrochemical performance. The specific capacities of lithium-limited samples (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.13) were found to agree very well with the recently proposed percolation theory model, whereas redox-limited samples (0.13 ≤ x ≤ 0.29) yielded slightly higher than expected capacities due to oxygen redox compensation characterized by oxygen K-edge XAS studies. Capacity retention was found to increase with lithium content. The voltage vs specific capacity relations for this set of materials do not suggest practicality, so this work is primarily of academic interest, but it suggests that more disordered materials should be explored.
Catalyst enhanced high power radio frequency excited CO2 slab laser (2000)

A substantial improvement in the specific laser output power (up to 30%) and efficiency (up to 50%) of a radio frequency (rf) excited slab CO2 laser with a distributed gold catalyst is observed when a large amount of CO (more than 60% of CO2 concentration) is added to the laser gas mixture. A maximum output power of 160 W with an efficiency of 17% was obtained from a laser with an active volume of 2×15×370 mm3. Gas mixtures with a high CO concentration combined with a distributed gold catalyst also accelerate the start-up time of rf pumped CO2 lasers considerably.
LOBINALINE, AN ALKALOID FROM <i>LOBELIA CARDINALIS</i> L. (1938)

Lobelia cardinalis L. was found to contain essentially only one alkaloid, which has been named lobinaline. Its empirical formula probably is C 28 H 38 ON 2 , and this bears no obvious relation to the alkaloids of L. inflata. It does, however, yield benzoic acid on oxidation with alkaline permanganate, but only one mono-substituted benzene nucleus is present. Lobinaline mono-hydrochloride is virtually insoluble in cold water but dissolves readily in dilute acids.
Monoclonal antibodies to leukocyte and endothelial adhesion molecules attenuate ischemia-reperfusion injury. (1993)

Neutrophils have been implicated as the cause of vascular injury that can lead to organ dysfunction and organ failure following a variety of initiating events. In particular, neutrophils have been shown to be necessary for vascular or tissue damage to occur in ischemia-reperfusion injuries of some organs and in the generalized ischemia-reperfusion injury resulting from hemorrhagic shock. Adherence of neurotrophils to endothelium or homotypic aggregation of neutrophils is thought to be necessary for injuries of this type to occur and these cell-cell interactions are mediated by adhesion molecules on both endothelial cells and leukocytes. In our completed studies, monoclonal antibodies that recognize functional epitopes of the leukocyte CD11/CD18 provided protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury. In addition, preliminary studies investigating leukocyte L-selectin and endothelial P-selectin appear to provide protection from ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Feature selection for content-based, time-varying musical emotion regression (2010)

In developing automated systems to recognize the emotional content of music, we are faced with a problem spanning two disparate domains: the space of human emotions and the acoustic signal of music. To address this problem, we must develop models for both data collected from humans describing their perceptions of musical mood and quantitative features derived from the audio signal. In previous work, we have presented a collaborative game, MoodSwings, which records dynamic (per-second) mood ratings from multiple players within the two-dimensional Arousal-Valence representation of emotion. Using this data, we present a system linking models of acoustic features and human data to provide estimates of the emotional content of music according to the arousal-valence space. Furthermore, in keeping with the dynamic nature of musical mood we demonstrate the potential of this approach to track the emotional changes in a song over time. We investigate the utility of a range of acoustic features based on psychoacoustic and music-theoretic representations of the audio for this application. Finally, a simplified version of our system is re-incorporated into MoodSwings as a simulated partner for single-players, providing a potential platform for furthering perceptual studies and modeling of musical mood.
EHLA: Extreme High‐Speed Laser Material Deposition (2017)

Abstract Special coatings protect components against corrosion and wear. However, standard processes such as hard chrome plating, thermal spraying, laser material deposition or other deposition welding techniques have drawbacks. For example, as of September 2017, chromium(VI) coatings will require authorization. Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT in Aachen as well as the RWTH Aachen University have now developed an extreme high‐speed laser material deposition process, known by its German acronym EHLA, to eliminate these drawbacks in an economical way.
Bilinear switched-capacitor ladder filters (1981)

Design techniques are described for parasitic-insensitive switched-capacitor ladder filters, whose response is related to that of continuous-time filters by the bilinear s-to-z transformation. A modification of the process, which reduces the necessary number of amplifiers but complicates the switching sequence, is also discussed. The proposed schemes are completely free of the approximation errors inherent in the presently used LDI-based design techniques. The resulting circuits have low sensitivities both to element-value variations and to parasitic capacitances.
A Particle Filtering Approach to Joint Passive Radar Tracking and Target Classification (2002)

In this thesis, we present a recursive Bayesian solution to the problem of joint tracking and classification for ground-based air surveillance. In our system, we specifically allow for complications due to multiple targets, false alarms, and missed detections. Most importantly, though, we utilize the full benefit of a joint approach by implementing our tracker using an aerodynamically valid flight model that requires aircraft-specific coefficients such as the wing area, minimum drag, and vehicle mass. Of course, these coefficients are provided to our tracker by our classifier.
Treatment of chronic venous ulcers with sheets of cultured allogenic keratinocytes (1987)

Cultured keratinocytes were used as allografts to treat 51 patients with chronic venous ulceration or rheumatoid ulcers unresponsive to all previous conventional treatments including split skin grafts. Although early epithelialization could be seen in the centre of some ulcers, a major effect appeared to be healing from the previously indolent edge. This treatment appears to provide some clinical benefit in healing of chronic ulceration.
Design of an outline font rasterizing LSI (1989)

Font Graphics Accelerator(FGA) is the LSI that can rasterize an outline font in desk-top publishing(DTP). FGA has several Specialized Hardwares: DDA(Digital Differential Analyzer), till "it, etc., into which drawing algorithm has been implemented. Especially, FGA induced a newly developed dedicated hardware to generate a cubic Bezier curve[l], which is suitable for a high quality outline font
Degradation of Pt Catalyst Layer in PEFCs During Load Cycling under Pressurized Condition (2008)

The degradation of the Pt catalyst layer of polymer electrolyte fuel cells was studied for pressurized conditions. The cell performance loss under pressurized conditions was observed to be smaller than that under normal pressure conditions. A clear loss of Pt was observed at the cathode at the point of contact with the electrolyte and a Pt band was conspicuously formed in the membrane under pressurized conditions. Thus, a serious degradation was found to occur in the Pt catalyst layer under pressurized conditions.
Ultra-flexible fibrous supercapacitors with carbon nanotube/polypyrrole brush-like electrodes (2016)

Ultra-flexible supercapacitors with brush-like electrodes consisting of carbon nanotube/polypyrrole nanocomposites exhibit a gravimetric capacitance of 305 F g<sup>−1</sup>.
Ferroelectric thin film ultrasonic micromotors (2002)

Ferroelectric thin films of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) of morphotropic phase-boundary composition have been fabricated by a sol-gel spin-on technique for application to a new family of flexure-wave piezoelectric micromotors characterized by low speed and high torque. The high relative dielectric constant (1300) and breakdown strength (1 MV/cm) of the films lead to high stored energy densities. The piezoelectric coefficients d/sub 33/ and d/sub 31/ were measured to be 220 pC/N and -88 pC/N, respectively; the electromechanical coupling factors calculated from these data were k/sub 33/=0.49, k/sub 31/=0.22, and k/sub p/=0.32. The development of the piezoelectric ultrasonic micromotors from the PZT thin films and the architecture of the stator structure are described. Nonoptimized prototype micromotors show rotational velocities of 100-300 rpm and net normalized torques in the pN-m/V/sup 2/ range.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Association of plasma amyloid β with risk of dementia (2009)

Plasma Abeta peptide concentrations and Abeta(1-42)/Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(n-42)/Abeta(n-40) ratios may be useful markers to indicate individuals susceptible to short-term risk of dementia.
Rice DENSE AND ERECT PANICLE 2 is essential for determining panicle outgrowth and elongation (2010)

包括谷物尺寸和圆锥花序形态学，圆锥花序的建筑学直接决定谷物产量。圆锥花序直立，为在中国的北部分完成理想的植物建筑学被选择，引起了米饭 breeders 的增加的注意。这里，稠密、直立的圆锥花序 2 (dep2 ) 异种，显示出稠密、直立的圆锥花序显型，被识别。没有任何已知的功能的领域， DEP2 编码植物特定的蛋白质。表示介绍 DEP2 表明它高度在年轻纸巾被表示，与在年轻圆锥花序的大多数丰富。词法并且表示分析显示在 DEP2 的那个变化主要影响脊柱和主要、第二等的分支的快速的延伸，但是不损害圆锥花序 primordia 的开始或形成。进一步的分析建议在 dep2 的圆锥花序长度的减少被一个缺点在圆锥花序的指数的延伸期间在房间增长引起。尽管有在 dep2 异种的一种更紧缩的植物类型，在谷物生产的重要改变都没在野类型和 dep2 异种之间被发现。因此， DEP2 的学习不仅加强我们圆锥花序建筑学的分子的基因基础的理解而且为米饭繁殖有重要含意。
Chromosomal analysis of sixteen human rhabdomyosarcomas. (1988)

Chromosomal analysis of 16 rhabdomyosarcomas was done from four primary tumors and from 12 tumors after nude mouse passage. Seven tumors were alveolar; four of these had t(2;13)(q37;q14) and in two tumors it was the only structural abnormality. The other three alveolar tumors were near tetraploid with marker chromosomes and double minutes. In the nine embryonal tumors studied, one had a normal karyotype, and eight were abnormal. Although the eight tumors had no common structural abnormality, trisomy 2 was present in all.
Combined VEGF and PDGF Treatment Reduces Secondary Degeneration after Spinal Cord Injury (2011)

Trauma to the spinal cord creates an initial physical injury damaging neurons, glia, and blood vessels, which then induces a prolonged inflammatory response, leading to secondary degeneration of spinal cord tissue, and further loss of neurons and glia surrounding the initial site of injury. Angiogenesis is a critical step in tissue repair, but in the injured spinal cord angiogenesis fails; blood vessels formed initially later regress. Stabilizing the angiogenic response is therefore a potential target to improve recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI). Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can initiate angiogenesis, but cannot sustain blood vessel maturation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) can promote blood vessel stability and maturation. We therefore investigated a combined application of VEGF and PDGF as treatment for traumatic spinal cord injury, with the aim to reduce secondary degeneration by promotion of angiogenesis. Immediately after hemisection of the spinal cord in the rat we delivered VEGF and PDGF and to the injury site. One and 3 months later the size of the lesion was significantly smaller in the treated group compared to controls, and there was significantly reduced gliosis surrounding the lesion. There was no significant effect of the treatment on blood vessel density, although there was a significant reduction in the numbers of macrophages/microglia surrounding the lesion, and a shift in the distribution of morphological and immunological phenotypes of these inflammatory cells. VEGF and PDGF delivered singly exacerbated secondary degeneration, increasing the size of the lesion cavity. These results demonstrate a novel therapeutic intervention for SCI, and reveal an unanticipated synergy for these growth factors whereby they modulated inflammatory processes and created a microenvironment conducive to axon preservation/sprouting.