gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Through-Wafer Copper Electroplating for RF Silicon Technology (2002)

Silicon micromachining techniques are powerful tools to realize three-dimensional (3D) structures thus allowing a more compact-integration of RF components in silicon. In this paper a new approach consisting of deep vertical through-wafer vias and copper metallization for RF silicon integration is introduced. A novel technique to fill the dry etched, high-aspect ratio, closely spaced vias is presented. Vias as small as 5 μm in diameter and with an aspect ratio of more than 10 are filled completely by copper electroplating without any void or defect. The fabrication process and the electrical characterization of the through-wafer Cu plugs are presented. Several novel RF structures with throughwafer connections are realized successfully using the technique developed.
Theoretical Analysis of the Triplet Excited State of the [Pt<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>4</sup><sup>-</sup> Ion and Comparison with Time-Resolved X-ray and Spectroscopic Results (2003)

A full understanding of the nature of excited states of transition metal complexes is important for understanding their chemical reactivity and role as intermediates in photochemically induced reactions. The ground and excited states of the [Pt(2)(pop)(4)](4-) ion are investigated using density functional theory (DFT). Calculations with different functionals employing quasi-relativistic Pauli and ZORA formalisms all predict a Pt-Pt bond shortening and a slight Pt-P lengthening upon excitation to the lowest triplet state, the latter in apparent contradiction to experimental EXAFS results. The PW86LYP functional with the ZORA relativistic treatment is found to produce good agreement with time-resolved crystallographic and spectroscopic results. A topological bond path between the Pt atoms is found in both the ground and the excited states, though the electron localization function (ELF) indicates weak Pt-Pt covalent bonding for the excited state only. The spin density is mainly localized on the Pt atoms, giving insight into the ability of the triplet excited state to abstract hydrogen and halogen atoms from organic substrates.
Dopamine Receptors and Groups I and II mGluRs Cooperate for Long-Term Depression Induction in Rat Prefrontal Cortex through Converging Postsynaptic Activation of MAP Kinases (1999)

Tetanic stimuli to layer I-II afferents in rat prefrontal cortex induced long-term depression (LTD) of layer I-II to layer V pyramidal neuron glutamatergic synapses when tetani were coupled to bath application of dopamine. This LTD was blocked by the following metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists coapplied with dopamine: (S)-alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG; group I and II antagonist), (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA; group I antagonist), or (RS)-alpha-methylserine-O-phosphate monophenyl ester (MSOPPE; group II antagonist). This suggests that the dopamine-facilitated LTD requires synaptic activation of groups I and II mGluRs during tetanus. LTD could also be induced by coupling tetani to bath application of groups I and II mGluR agonist (1S, 3R)-1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (1S,3R-ACPD). In the next series of experiments, coapplication of dopamine and 1S,3R-ACPD, but not application of either drug alone, consistently induced LTD without tetani or even single test stimuli during drug application, suggesting that coactivation of dopamine receptors and the mGluRs is sufficient for LTD induction. Immunoblot analyses with anti-active mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP-Ks) revealed that D1 receptors, D2 receptors, group I mGluRs, and group II mGluRs all contribute to MAP-K activation in prefrontal cortex, and that combined activation of dopamine receptors and mGluRs synergistically or additively activate MAP-Ks. Consistently, LTD by dopamine + 1S, 3R-ACPD coapplication, as well as the two other forms of LTD (LTD by dopamine + tetani and LTD by 1S,3R-ACPD + tetani), was blocked by bath application of MAP-K kinase inhibitor PD98059. LTD by dopamine + 1S,3R-ACPD coapplication was also blocked by postsynaptic injection of synthetic MAP-K substrate peptide. Our results suggest that dopamine receptors and groups I and II mGluRs cooperate to induce LTD through converging postsynaptic activation of MAP-Ks.
Linkage and comparative mapping of the locus controlling susceptibility towards <i>E. coli</i> F4ab/ac diarrhoea in pigs (2003)

In 1995, Edfors-Lilja and coworkers mapped the locus for the E. COLI K88ab (F4ab) and K88ac (F4ac) intestinal receptor to pig chromosome 13 (SSC13). Using the same family material we have refined the map position to a region between the microsatellite markers Sw207 and Sw225. Primers from these markers were used to screen a pig BAC library and the positive clones were used for fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. The results of the FISH analysis helped to propose a candidate gene region in the SSC13q41-->q44 interval. Shotgun sequencing of the FISH-mapped BAC clones revealed that the candidate region contains an evolutionary breakpoint between human and pig. In order to further characterise the rearrangements between SSC13 and human chromosome 3 (HSA3), detailed gene mapping of SSC13 was carried out. Based on this mapping data we have constructed a detailed comparative map between SSC13 and HSA3. Two candidate regions on human chromosome 3 have been identified that are likely to harbour the human homologue of the gene responsible for susceptibility towards E. COLI F4ab/ac diarrhoea in pigs.
Expression of a Ripening-Related Avocado (<i>Persea americana</i>) Cytochrome P450 in Yeast (1992)

One of the mRNAs that accumulates during the ripening of avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv Hass) has been previously identified as a cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenase and the corresponding gene designated CYP71A1. In this report we demonstrate that during ripening the accumulation of antigenically detected CYP71A1 gene product (CYP71A1) correlates with increases in total P450 and two P450-dependent enzyme activities: para-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase, and trans-cinnamic acid hydroxylase (tCAH). To determine whether both of these activities are derived from CYP71A1, we have expressed this protein in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) using a galactose-inducible yeast promoter. Following induction, the microsomal fraction of transformed yeast cells undergoes a large increase in P450 level, attributable almost exclusively to the plant CYP71A1 protein. These membranes exhibit NADPH-dependent para-chloro-N-methylaniline demethylase activity at a rate comparable to that in avocado microsomes but have no detectable tCAH. These results demonstrate both that the CYP71A1 protein is not a tCAH and that a plant P450 is fully functional upon heterologous expression in yeast. These findings also indicate that the heterologous P450 protein can interact with the yeast NADPH:P450 reductase to produce a functional complex.
AFFACT: Alignment-free facial attribute classification technique (2017)

Facial attributes are soft-biometrics that allow limiting the search space, e.g., by rejecting identities with non-matching facial characteristics such as nose sizes or eyebrow shapes. In this paper, we investigate how the latest versions of deep convolutional neural networks, ResNets, perform on the facial attribute classification task. We test two loss functions: the sigmoid cross-entropy loss and the Euclidean loss, and find that for classification performance there is little difference between these two. Using an ensemble of three ResNets, we obtain the new state-of-the-art facial attribute classification error of 8.00 % on the aligned images of the CelebA dataset. More significantly, we introduce the Alignment-Free Facial Attribute Classification Technique (AFFACT), a data augmentation technique that allows a network to classify facial attributes without requiring alignment beyond detected face bounding boxes. To our best knowledge, we are the first to report similar accuracy when using only the detected bounding boxes - rather than requiring alignment based on automatically detected facial landmarks - and who can improve classification accuracy with rotating and scaling test images. We show that this approach outperforms the CelebA baseline on unaligned images with a relative improvement of 36.8 %.
Monodisperse Gold Nanotriangles: Size Control, Large-Scale Self-Assembly, and Performance in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (2014)

Au nanotriangles display interesting nanoplasmonic features with potential application in various fields. However, such applications have been hindered by the lack of efficient synthetic methods yielding sufficient size and shape monodispersity, as well as by insufficient morphological stability. We present here a synthesis and purification protocol that efficiently addresses these issues. The size of the nanotriangles can be tuned within a wide range by simply changing the experimental parameters. The obtained monodispersity leads to extended self-assembly, not only on electron microscopy grids but also at the air-liquid interface, allowing transfer onto centimeter-size substrates. These extended monolayers show promising performance as surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates, as demonstrated for thiophenol detection.
Relation between pulse pressure and the pulsation strength in camera-based photoplethysmograms (2017)

Abstract Camera-based photoplethysmography (cbPPG) is an innovative measuring technique that enables the remote extraction of vital signs using video cameras. Most studies in the field focus on heart rate detection while other physiological quantities are often ignored. In this work, we analyzed the relation between the pulse pressure and the pulsation strengths of cbPPG signals for 70 patients after surgery. Our results show a high correlation between the two measures ( r = 0.54). Furthermore, the influence of technical and medical factors was tested. The controlled impact of these factors proved to enhance the correlation by between 9 and 27 %.
Universal Declaration of Human Rights (2014)

On 10 Dec. 1948 the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Functional MRI in Awake Unrestrained Dogs (2012)

Because of dogs' prolonged evolution with humans, many of the canine cognitive skills are thought to represent a selection of traits that make dogs particularly sensitive to human cues. But how does the dog mind actually work? To develop a methodology to answer this question, we trained two dogs to remain motionless for the duration required to collect quality fMRI images by using positive reinforcement without sedation or physical restraints. The task was designed to determine which brain circuits differentially respond to human hand signals denoting the presence or absence of a food reward. Head motion within trials was less than 1 mm. Consistent with prior reinforcement learning literature, we observed caudate activation in both dogs in response to the hand signal denoting reward versus no-reward.
De sociale rol van het geheim: inleiding (2012)

Noradrenaline injected into the perifornical region of the anterior part of the lateral hypothalamus in rats can serve as a reinforcement in a T maze learning, whether it induces the activation of the alimentary drive or not. It follows that the main role of noradrenaline in this brain area consists not so much in induction of the alimentary drive as in activation of the very process which is essential for the reinforcement. It is claimed that intrahypothalamic microinjections of noradrenaline evoke pleasurable states which constitute a virtual reinforcement of motivated behavior.
A Q-Learning Approach to Flocking With UAVs in a Stochastic Environment (2016)

In the past two decades, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have demonstrated their efficacy in supporting both military and civilian applications, where tasks can be dull, dirty, dangerous, or simply too costly with conventional methods. Many of the applications contain tasks that can be executed in parallel, hence the natural progression is to deploy multiple UAVs working together as a force multiplier. However, to do so requires autonomous coordination among the UAVs, similar to swarming behaviors seen in animals and insects. This paper looks at flocking with small fixed-wing UAVs in the context of a model-free reinforcement learning problem. In particular, Peng's Q(λ) with a variable learning rate is employed by the followers to learn a control policy that facilitates flocking in a leader-follower topology. The problem is structured as a Markov decision process, where the agents are modeled as small fixed-wing UAVs that experience stochasticity due to disturbances such as winds and control noises, as well as weight and balance issues. Learned policies are compared to ones solved using stochastic optimal control (i.e., dynamic programming) by evaluating the average cost incurred during flight according to a cost function. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed learning approach at enabling agents to learn how to flock in a leader-follower topology, while operating in a nonstationary stochastic environment.
Distributed time-management in transputer networks (2002)

For real-time applications in a distributed system a common notion of time is indispensable. Clocks are used for time measurement, determination of causality, process synchronization and generating unique identifications. All this is only possible if there is a time reference of specified accuracy. Since the local clocks in a distributed system tend to drift away from each other, they need to be adjusted periodically. If the application allows an accuracy that can be met by software, this may be achieved by a distributed clock synchronization algorithm, which creates and maintains a global time reference for all nodes of the network. The design and simulation of such an algorithm for a distributed system consisting of transputers is described. It is based on second order filtered adjustment of the clock rates rather than updating the clock values at once.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Composite technology for lightweight optical mirrors</title> (1990)

Reflectors for antennas using fiber-composite technology today represent the state of the art, and mirrors for radio telescopes occasionally are already made using this technology. For even shorter wavelengths, including the visible light, glass mirrors have been used almost exclusively and, rarely, metal mirrors (for example made of beryllium). In general a surface contour accuracy of about 1/20 wavelength is required. Years of development work based on experience gained in aircraft construction and space technology made it possible to improve fiber-composite technology to such an extent that a substitute for heavy glass has become feasible, opening up new applications for lighter and/or larger mirrors.
Fusion Based Emotion Recognition System (2016)

The field of Emotion recognition (ER) is a part of human-computer interaction and this field has evolved very rapidly since the last decade. There are several works which have been done on emotion recognition using audio and video, however recently work is being done on fusion of the different modalities. The aim of this paper is to fuse the results of emotion detection obtained using audio and visual modalities to increase the amount of accuracy in emotion detection. Four emotions are addressed in this paper - angry, sad, happy and disgust. The face is extracted and the control points and muscle vectors of the face are calculated. Using this data, the features are extracted and then the SVM classifier is used to classify the emotion present in the video sample. For the audio module, different prosodic features like pitch, formant frequency, energy and MFCC are computed for feature extraction. The global feature vector is formed and then the SVM classifier for audio is used for the final result. Both the results are then fused using the F-score technique. This F-score value is used for the formation of the decision matrix which gives the fused emotion of the two modules. We checked the results of fusion on SAVEE dataset as well as on our own created dataset. We obtained correct results for emotion after fusion even in those cases where either video or audio mode failed to detect the correct emotion. The tool we have developed using the fusion approach is able to recognize emotions in real-time.
Self-Recalibration of PTZ Cameras (2010)

Pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras have been widely used for providing flexible view selection and a wider observation range. In order to utilize these cameras for a meaning application, it is necessary to calibrate cameras. However, with camera pan, tilt and zoom, the previous calibrated camera parameters often vary, which are required to be updated automatically. In this paper, we present a novel self-recalibration method of PTZ cameras under a small pitch angle. The proposed approach is based on the calibrated camera. First, the keypoints from two frames, corresponding to ones before and after the parameters are changed, are matched roughly, then the false matching pairs are removed by the displacement constraint, which is statistical displacement constraint in pan and tilt, while in zoom is principal point constraint. Second, the homography between the two frames can be estimated from the matching ones, then the camera parameters can be updated by combining previous known parameters. Furthermore, we present a evaluation method of recalibration precision. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
ChemInform Abstract: STABILIZATION OF PHOSPHANES P(NHX)3 BY LIGAND REACTIONS OF PENTACARBONYL(TRICHLOROPHOSPHANE)MOLYBDENUM(0) (1979)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Komplexe (I) mit Ammoniak und prim. Aminen (II) werden die Komplexe (III) erhalten, die die im freien Zustand instabilen Titelphosphine als Liganden enthalten.
Industrial Lighting (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are History of Lighting Incandescent Lamps Fluorescent Lamps High Intensity Discharge Lamps Lighting Management/Controls Lighting Design Summary
TOWARDS AN APPROACH TO SELECT AN ASSET INFORMATION MANAGEMENT STRATEGY (2008)

Abstract: The management of engineering assets such as facilities and equipments can be a challenging task and optimising their usage is critical. To ensure effective utilization of an asset, one has to make effective decisions regarding the asset lifecycle. Consequently, it becomes imperative to gather useful information about the asset lifecycle. The objective of this paper is then to propose an approach for decision makers to develop an effective asset information management (AIM) strategy. We focus on the management of this set of information associated with the asset throughout its lifecycle. For this purpose we propose first to identify asset information requirements for an effective management. Second, we examine different technologies and systems for information capture, storage, retrieval and use. The findings of this paper would help in selecting an AIM Strategy aimed at providing timely, accurate, complete and consistent information about location and condition of assets so as to result in better decision-making. Furthermore, in order to assist asset managers to select a strategy, we discuss the role of information quality to assess the performance of an asset information strategy.
Cancer and age. (1989)

Age is the greatest risk factor for the development of cancer. For etiologic purposes, newly diagnosed cases of cancer among a defined population during a specified time (incidence) is the usual way of depicting cancer as it relates to age. Exposure to carcinogens in utero or perinatally can produce cancers soon after birth or years later. Cancers in older children have been related to growth factors and/or a single exposure to high doses of radiation. Hodgkin's disease occurring among young adults is different histologically, clinically, and prognostically than Hodgkin's disease among older adults. For the disease among young adults, the hypothesis is that clinical disease reflects the rare consequences of a prevalent infection of low pathogenicity; age of infection is determined by socioeconomic status. In older adults, it more closely resembles the lymphomas. This suggests dynamic trends associated with changing social environments related to etiologic factors. Among adults, the steady increase in colon cancer among both genders represents constant exposure to a carcinogen(s) starting in early life and persisting throughout older ages. Breast cancer is divided into pre- and postmenopausal phases on the basis of its age distribution. International differences in postmenopausal breast cancer suggest environmental factors in postmenopausal women and genetic and hormonal factors in premenopausal women. The age distribution of lung cancer increases linearly with the amount of cigarettes smoked and there is no indication of a threshold below which cigarette smoke is safe. The downturn among the oldest age groups results from competing causes of death or reflects a cohort effect of different exposure over time. Further, the pattern of lung cancer suggests exposure to a carcinogenic agent including substances that act principally as promoters.
Perfluoroalkylated fatty acid monoesters of trehalose and sucrose for biomedical applications: Remarkable emulsifying properties of 6‐<i>O</i>‐[3′‐(perfluorooctyl) propanoyl]‐trehalose (1992)

A new series of perfluoroalkylated fatty acid monoesters of α,α‐trehalose and sucrose has been evaluated with respect to their physicochemical and biological properties for possible biomedical use. These water‐soluble compounds strongly reduce the water surface tension and fluorocarbon/water interfacial tension. As co‐surfactants in perfluorodecalin/Pluronic F‐68 type emulsions they significantly increase the stability of these emulsions. Remarkably stable concentrated perfluorodecalin‐in‐water (50% w/v) emulsions were obtained when the C 8 F 17 CH 2 CH 2 C(O)‐α,α‐trehalose monoester was used as the sole surfactant, while no emulsion could be obtained with its maltoside analogue. No significant effect on the growth and viability of Namalva cell cultures and no hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes at concentrations up to 50 g/L were detected for these amphiphiles in spite of their high surface activity. The LD 50 was found to be in the range of 250–375 mg/kg of body weight i.v. in mice.
Purification and characterization of a new <i>k</i>‐carrageenase from a marine <i>Cytophaga</i>‐like bacterium (1991)

A bacterial strain able to degrade various sulfated galactans (carrageenans and agar) was isolated from the marine red alga Delesseria sanguinea. From the cell-free supernatant of cultures grown on crude lambda-carrageenan, a kappa-carrageenase was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephacryl S 200 HR and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE--Sepharose-CL6B. The purified kappa-carrageenase was detected as a single protein upon SDS/PAGE. Its molecular mass was estimated at 40 kDa. Activity was observed against kappa-carrageenan over the pH range 5.0-8.5 and was optimal at pH 7.2 in Tris buffer or 7.0 in Mops buffer. The enzyme activity remained stable at 30 degrees C, but only for up to 1 h at 40 degrees C. Analysis of the degradation products of the kappa-carrageenase by gel filtration and 13C-NMR spectroscopy indicated that the enzyme degrades kappa-carrageenan down to the level of the kappa-neocarratetraose sulfate. The properties of this new enzyme are compared with those of previously characterized carrageenases.