gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity and Safety of Palbociclib in Patients with Advanced Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors Refractory to Imatinib and Sunitinib: A Biomarker-driven Phase II Study (2019)

Palbociclib has no significant clinical activity as a single agent in <i>P16/CDKN2A</i> <b>-</b>deleted GIST refractory to imatinib and sunitinib.
Multienzymic Synthesis of Poly(hydroquinone) for Use as a Redox Polymer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultienzymic Synthesis of Poly(hydroquinone) for Use as a Redox PolymerPing Wang, Brett D. Martin, Sanghamitra Parida, David G. Rethwisch, and Jonathan S. DordickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 51, 12885–12886Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00156a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00156a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1045Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Portal hypertension: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management (2014)

Portal hypertension is an important complication of liver disease. As a result of elevated pressures within the portal vein several complications can arise, including the development of oesophageal and gastric varices, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy as well as complications secondary to circulatory dysfunction, such as hepatorenal syndrome, portopulmonary syndrome and hepatopulmonary syndrome. This review outlines the pathogenesis and diagnosis of portal hypertension and outlines the management of these various important clinical sequelae. The management of oesophageal and gastric varices is particularly important, and both the emergency management together with prophylactic management of this condition are described.
Data-driven autocompletion for keyframe animation (2018)

We explore the potential of learned autocompletion methods for synthesizing animated motions from input keyframes. Our model uses an autoregressive two-layer recurrent neural network that is conditioned on target keyframes. The model is trained on the motion characteristics of example motions and sampled keyframes from those motions. Given a set of desired key frames, the trained model is then capable of generating motion sequences that interpolate the keyframes while following the style of the examples observed in the training corpus. We demonstrate our method on a hopping lamp, using a diverse set of hops from a physics-based model as training data. The model can then synthesize new hops based on a diverse range of keyframes. We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this type of approach in some detail.
Syntheses, Transformations and Pharmaceutical Applications of Kynurenic Acid Derivatives (2009)

The syntheses and transformations of 4-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic acid, kynurenic acid, are reviewed, and special attention is paid to the pharmacological activities and pharmaceutical applications of its derivatives.
Analysis of packet discarding policies in high-speed networks (2002)

Selective discarding policies, as a means for congestion avoidance, are studied and compared to non-discarding policies. The partial message discard policy discards the packets of the tails of corrupted messages. An improvement to this policy is the early message discard that drops entire messages and not just message-tails. A common performance measure of the network elements is the effective throughput which measures the utilization of the network links but which neglects the application altogether. We adopt a new performance measure, goodput, which reflects the utilization of the network from the application's point of view and thus better describes the network behavior. We develop and analyze a model for systems which employ discarding policies. The analysis shows a remarkable performance improvement when any message-based discarding policy is applied, and that the early message discard policy performs better, especially under high loads. We compute the optimal parameter setting for maximum goodput at different input loads and investigate the performance sensitivity to these parameters.
Thermal desorption counter‐flow introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization for direct mass spectrometry of ecstasy tablets (2009)

A novel approach to the analysis of ecstasy tablets by direct mass spectrometry coupled with thermal desorption (TD) and counter-flow introduction atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (CFI-APCI) is described. Analytes were thermally desorbed with a metal block heater and introduced to a CFI-APCI source with ambient air by a diaphragm pump. Water in the air was sufficient to act as the reactive reagent responsible for the generation of ions in the positive corona discharge. TD-CFI-APCI required neither a nebulizing gas nor solvent flow and the accompanying laborious optimizations. Ions generated were sent in the direction opposite to the air flow by an electric field and introduced into an ion trap mass spectrometer. The major ions corresponding to the protonated molecules ([M + H](+)) were observed with several fragment ions in full scan mass spectrometry (MS) mode. Collision-induced dissociation of protonated molecules gave characteristic product-ion mass spectra and provided identification of the analytes within 5 s. The method required neither sample pretreatment nor a chromatographic separation step. The effectiveness of the combination of TD and CFI-APCI was demonstrated by application to the direct mass spectrometric analysis of ecstasy tablets and legal pharmaceutical products.
Observing the Natural World with Flickr (2013)

The billions of public photos on online social media sites contain a vast amount of latent visual information about the world. In this paper, we study the feasibility of observing the state of the natural world by recognizing specific types of scenes and objects in large-scale social image collections. More specifically, we study whether we can recreate satellite maps of snowfall by automatically recognizing snowy scenes in geo-tagged, time stamped images from Flickr. Snow recognition turns out to be a surprisingly doff cult and under-studied problem, so we test a variety of modern scene recognition techniques on this problem and introduce a large-scale, realistic dataset of images with ground truth annotations. As an additional proof-of-concept, we test the ability of recognition algorithms to detect a particular species of flower, the California Poppy, which could be used to give biologists a new source of data on its geospatial distribution over time.
P2‐263: CELL‐FREE DNA IN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID: EVALUATING A NEW BIOMARKER FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

Quantification of protein biomarkers (Aβ, Tau, pTau) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is becoming increasingly accepted in clinical practice as a key tool for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis. In addition to proteins, other types of biomolecules have been reported in CSF samples, including nucleic acids, which presents an opportunity to evaluate them as central nervous system disease biomarkers. Previous studies of one such molecule, cell-free DNA (cfDNA), as a biomarker of neuronal cell death led to inconsistent findings comparing CSF samples from AD patients and controls, between different research groups. However, standardised isolation and quantification methods for cfDNA in CSF are yet to be defined. We followed a two stage approach: first, we evaluated cfDNA extraction efficiency for four commercially-available kits using plasmid-spiked, pooled CSF samples of AD patients and pooled CSF samples of age-matched controls. One extraction method was selected for the second stage where we analysed cfDNA abundance in individual CSF samples from AD (n = 12), and primary (n = 8) or metastatic (n = 4) brain cancer patients, and controls (n = 10), quantifying two mitochondrial genes by digital PCR and nuclear genomic DNA copies using a high sensitivity qPCR assay for multiple-copy repetitive element (ALUJ). First stage analysis showed good yield and minimal fragment-size bias in three of the four kits, and that very low levels of nuclear genomic DNA were present in CSF extracts (∼101 genomic copies/mL CSF), while mitochondrial DNA was more abundant (∼103 copies/mL CSF). Additionally, neat CSF was found to have an inhibitory effect on qPCR. During the second stage of our analysis, we found no significant differences in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between CSF samples from AD patients and controls, whereas CSF samples from patients with brain tumours had elevated levels of both nuclear (median 2 x 102 copies/mL) and mitochondrial genomic DNA (median 5 x 104 copies/mL). We demonstrate that both nuclear and mitochondrial targets can be reliably measured at low concentrations in purified CSF, but further work is required to confirm the cellular origin of these templates.
EdgeMaps: visualizing explicit and implicit relations (2011)

In this work, we introduce EdgeMaps as a new method for integrating the visualization of explicit and implicit data relations. Explicit relations are specific connections between entities already present in a given dataset, while implicit relations are derived from multidimensional data based on shared properties and similarity measures. Many datasets include both types of relations, which are often difficult to represent together in information visualizations. Node-link diagrams typically focus on explicit data connections, while not incorporating implicit similarities between entities. Multi-dimensional scaling considers similarities between items, however, explicit links between nodes are not displayed. In contrast, EdgeMaps visualize both implicit and explicit relations by combining and complementing spatialization and graph drawing techniques. As a case study for this approach we chose a dataset of philosophers, their interests, influences, and birthdates. By introducing the limitation of activating only one node at a time, interesting visual patterns emerge that resemble the aesthetics of fireworks and waves. We argue that the interactive exploration of these patterns may allow the viewer to grasp the structure of a graph better than complex node-link visualizations.
Mast Cell Histamine-Releasing Activity from Stimulated Rat Neutrophils (1988)

Mast cell histamine-releasing activity (HRA) has been observed in medium derived from stimulated rat neutrophils pretreated with cytochalasin B. This HRA did not require cell-cell contact between mast cells and neutrophils, and its concentration was increased by increasing the number of neutrophils or by raising the concentration of chemotactic peptide used to stimulate the neutrophils. The HRA survived boiling for 5 min and storage overnight at -20 degrees C. In the absence of neutrophil stimulation, no HRA was observed.
Ectomycorrhizae as Biological Deterrents to Pathogenic Root Infections (1972)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Motorola PowerPC Migration Tools-emulation and translation (2002)

This paper describes the Motorola PowerPC Migration Tools project. The development methodology emphasizes code reuse. Emulation and translation methods are described and characterized. Emulation is applied to ROM-based environments. Translation achieves higher performance by having access to source code.
Seasonal population dynamics of the plant-parasitic nematode, Anguina pacificae on golf course putting greens in California. (2008)

The plant-endoparasitic nematode Anguina pacificae is presently one of the most destructive pests of Poa annua in Northern California, causing stem galls at the base of tillers in this annual bluegrass, resulting in yellow or brown patches and irregular surfaces on golf course putting greens. The objective of the study was to investigate the population dynamics of A. pacificae on two golf course putting greens in California ('Poppy Hills' and 'Olympic Club') over ca. 16 months. For most of the sampling period, the number of galls and nematode eggs, juveniles and adults found at Olympic Club was higher than at Poppy Hills throughout the year. Seasonal fluctuations were observed in number of galls, eggs, adults, and juveniles within galls and soil. In general the number of galls and nematode populations (eggs, juveniles and adults) peaked from late-spring through midsummer, and then declined rapidly during late-summer (usually at the end of August) the same year. The nematode populations were correlated for most of the sampling period to the soil temperature. Our data suggest that the peak of infective juveniles that are released from the galls and search for a new host occurs during late spring and midsummer. A positive correlation was found between gall size and the nematode population within it. In light of these results, possible suggestions to improve the integrated pest management of A. pacificae are discussed.
A Reference-Free Capacitive-Discharging Oscillator Architecture Consuming 44.4 pW/75.6 nW at 2.8 Hz/6.4 kHz (2016)

This paper presents a capacitive-discharging oscillator architecture that achieves ultra-low-power operation without a temperature-stabilized reference generator by directly relying on the RC time constants of capacitors discharging across passively-temperature-stabilized resistive elements. The architecture operates by pre-charging two capacitors to the supply voltage, and then discharging one of the capacitors through a resistive path, while the other capacitor charge-shares with a third capacitor in order to generate a reference potential for comparison to flip phases. The architecture is demonstrated with two fully-integrated implementations in two different process technologies: 250 nm and 65 nm. The 250 nm implementation employs poly resistors, operates at 6.4 kHz, consumes 75.6 nW, and achieves a temperature stability of 0.74% (148 ppm/°C) from 20°C to 80°C when measured over five samples. The 65 nm implementation employs gate-leakage resistors, operates at 2.8 Hz, consumes 44.4 pW, and achieves a temperature stability of 1260 ppm/°C across a temperature range of -40°C to 60°C over five samples. The two implementations demonstrate low-cost, low-power, and stable timing solutions at Hz-to-kHz-range frequencies for next-generation Internet-of-Things sensors.
Biomimetic hard and tough nanoceramic Ti–Al–N film with self-assembled six-level hierarchy (2019)

Nature uses self-assembly of a fairly limited selection of components to build hard and tough protective tissues like nacre and enamel. The resulting hierarchical micro/nanostructures provide decisive toughening mechanisms while preserving strength. However, to mimic microstructural and mechanical characteristics of natural materials in application-relevant synthetic nanostructures has proven to be difficult. Here, we demonstrate a biomimetic synthesis strategy, based on chemical vapour deposition technology, employed to fabricate a protective high-temperature resistant nanostructured ceramic TiAlN thin film with six levels of hierarchy. By using just two variants of gaseous precursors and through bottom-up self-assembly, an irregularly arranged hard and tough multilayer stack was formed, consisting of hard sublayers with herringbone micrograins, separated by tough interlayers with spherical nanograins, respectively composed of lamellar nanostructures of alternating coherent/incoherent, hard/tough, single-/poly-crystalline platelets. Micro- and nanomechanical testing, performed in situ in scanning and transmission electron microscopes, manifests intrinsic toughening mechanisms mediated by five types of interfaces resulting in intergranular, transgranular and cleavage fracture modes with zigzag-like crack patterns at multiple length-scales. The hierarchical 2.7 μm thick film self-assembled during ∼15 minutes of deposition time shows hardness, fracture stress and toughness of ∼31 GPa, ∼7.9 GPa and ∼4.7 MPa m0.5, respectively, as well as phase/microstructural thermal stability up to ∼950/900 °C. The film's microstructural and mechanical characteristics represent a milestone in the production of protective and wear-resistant thin films.
An Introduction to Composite Materials (1996)

This edition has been greatly enlarged and updated to provide both scientists and engineers with a clear and comprehensive understanding of composite materials. In describing both theoretical and practical aspects of their production, properties and usage, the book crosses the borders of many disciplines. Topics covered include: fibres, matrices, laminates and interfaces; elastic deformation, stress and strain, strength, fatigue crack propagation and creep resistance; toughness and thermal properties; fatigue and deterioration under environmental conditions; fabrication and applications. Coverage has been increased to include polymeric, metallic and ceramic matrices and reinforcement in the form of long fibres, short fibres and particles. Designed primarily as a teaching text for final-year undergraduates in materials science and engineering, this book will also interest undergraduates and postgraduates in chemistry, physics, and mechanical engineering. In addition, it will be an excellent source book for academic and technological researchers on materials.
Effect of multiple light scattering and self-absorption on the fluorescence and excitation spectra of dyes in random media (1994)

The absorption, fluorescence, and excitation spectra of a dye in a highly scattering random medium were studied experimentally. The intrinsic absorption spectrum of the dye does not change in the presence of scatterers, but the presence of scatterers in the media will change the observed fluorescence spectra. The observation is accounted for by the change in the photon trajectory path length for the fluorescence emission.
A Novel Approach To Colour Constancy (2005)

By approaching colour constancy as a problem of predicting colour appearance, we derive the colour constancy equation, which we use to enumerate those properties of illuminant and surface reflectance required for colour constancy. We then use a physical realisability constraint on surface reflectances to construct the set of illuminants under which the image observed can have arisen. Two distinct algorithms arise from employing this constraint in conjunction with the colour constancy equation: the first corresponds to normalisation according to a coefficient rule, the second is considerably more complex, and allows a large number of parameters in the illuminant to be recovered. The simpler algorithm has been tested extensively on images of real Mondriaan’s, taken under different coloured lights and displays good constancy. The results also indicate that good constancy requires that receptoral gain be controlled.
Genomic modelling of the ESR1 Y537S mutation for evaluating function and new therapeutic approaches for metastatic breast cancer (2016)

Drugs that inhibit estrogen receptor-α (ER) activity have been highly successful in treating and reducing breast cancer progression in ER-positive disease. However, resistance to these therapies presents a major clinical problem. Recent genetic studies have shown that mutations in the ER gene are found in >20% of tumours that progress on endocrine therapies. Remarkably, the great majority of these mutations localize to just a few amino acids within or near the critical helix 12 region of the ER hormone binding domain, where they are likely to be single allele mutations. Understanding how these mutations impact on ER function is a prerequisite for identifying methods to treat breast cancer patients featuring such mutations. Towards this end, we used CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to make a single allele knock-in of the most commonly mutated amino acid residue, tyrosine 537, in the estrogen-responsive MCF7 breast cancer cell line. Genomic analyses using RNA-seq and ER ChIP-seq demonstrated that the Y537S mutation promotes constitutive ER activity globally, resulting in estrogen-independent growth. MCF7-Y537S cells were resistant to the anti-estrogen tamoxifen and fulvestrant. Further, we show that the basal transcription factor TFIIH is constitutively recruited by ER-Y537S, resulting in ligand-independent phosphorylation of Serine 118 (Ser118) by the TFIIH kinase, cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)7. The CDK7 inhibitor, THZ1 prevented Ser118 phosphorylation and inhibited growth of MCF7-Y537S cells. These studies confirm the functional importance of ER mutations in endocrine resistance, demonstrate the utility of knock-in mutational models for investigating alternative therapeutic approaches and highlight CDK7 inhibition as a potential therapy for endocrine-resistant breast cancer mediated by ER mutations.
Independent regulation of JNK/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases by metabolic oxidative stress in the liver (1996)

The stress-activated protein kinases JNK and p38 mediate increased gene expression and are activated by environmental stresses and proinflammatory cytokines. Using an in vivo model in which oxidative stress is generated in the liver by intracellular metabolism, rapid protein-DNA complex formation on stress-activated AP-1 target genes was observed. Analysis of the induced binding complexes indicates that c-fos, c-jun, and ATF-2 were present, but also two additional jun family members, JunB and JunD. Activation of JNK precedes increased AP-1 DNA binding. Furthermore, JunB was shown to be a substrate for JNK, and phosphorylation requires the N-terminal activation domain. Unexpectedly, p38 activity was found to be constitutively active in the liver and was down-regulated through selective dephosphorylation following oxidative stress. One potential mechanism for p38 dephosphorylation is the rapid stress-induced activation of the phosphatase MKP-1, which has high affinity for phosphorylated p38 as a substrate. These data demonstrate that there are mechanisms for independent regulation of the JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathways after metabolic oxidative stress in the liver.