gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GADD45A Does Not Promote DNA Demethylation (2008)

Although DNA methylation patterns in somatic cells are thought to be relatively stable, they undergo dramatic changes during embryonic development, gametogenesis, and during malignant transformation. The enzymology of DNA methyltransferases is well understood, but the mechanism that removes methylated cytosines from DNA (active DNA demethylation) has remained enigmatic. Recently, a role of the growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein GADD45A in DNA demethylation has been reported [1]. We have investigated the function of GADD45A in DNA demethylation in more detail using gene reactivation and DNA methylation assays. Contrary to the previous report, we were unable to substantiate a functional role of GADD45A in DNA demethylation. The mechanism of active DNA demethylation in mammalian cells remains unknown.
Characteristics of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Sandwiched between Drawn and Poled Polyvinylidene Fluoride Thin Films (1988)

Homogeneous alignment of ferroelectric liquid crystal molecules in a cell has been successfully established utilizing thin drawn polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film as coating material of an electrode. The effect of poling of the film and the electro-optical behaviour of this cell have also been clarified.
Surface Wettability of (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane Self-Assembled Monolayers (2010)

The (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) has been widely used in fundamental research and engineering applications; however, characterization of its surface wetting properties remains problematic. Surface wetting properties of the APTES SAM were systematically investigated using different contact angle measurement techniques. The observed unique nonideal wetting was related to the APTES SAM structure, including surface hydrogen bond formation, the surface roughness, and the effect of water penetration. The contact angle decreased dramatically with the residence time on the APTES SAM surface, and a special contact angle hysteresis phenomenon was observed. The contact angle could be distorted by the calculation method used for the nonideal APTES SAM surface. Values calculated by the tangent-leaning method were thought to be more accurate and credible. Our findings demonstrated that static advancing contact angles were the most stable and credible for characterizing the APTES SAM surface wettability.
Immunology of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease (2002)

Anti-glomerular basement membrane disease is a form of autoimmune glomerulonephritis often accompanied by lung haemorrhage. It is characterized by circulating and deposited antibodies that bind basement membrane components in the glomerulus and lung alveolus. Since early descriptions of the deposition of immunoglobulin on the glomerular basement membrane, work has focused on the binding properties of the autoantibodies, and this has led to the identification of the autoantigen as the non-collagenous region of the alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen. Despite being thought of as a prototypic antibody mediated autoimmune disease, it is becoming apparent that both humoral and cellular immune mechanisms act in concert to initiate and perpetuate disease. Recent data have shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of anti-glomerular basement membrane disease and provided a more complete framework on which to build our understanding of autoimmune renal disease. This should lead to novel approaches to immunotherapy for patients with glomerulonephritis.
Intelligent Voice Navigation of Spreadsheets: An Empirical Evaluation (2008)

Unintended but interpretable PVCs occurred in one in four patients with AS undergoing cardiac catheterization with measurable hemodynamics. All of our patients with PVCs, regardless of underlying LVEF, exhibited PESP-associated augmentation of LVAoG. Our exploratory analysis suggests that inability to generate ≥40 mmHg of mean LVAoG post-PVC is highly specific for nonsevere AS.
THE JENER METHOD FOR THE EXTRACTION OF PURE PHOSPHORUS$sup 32$ FROM NEUTRON- IRRADIATED SULFUR (1958)

Presbycusis, physiological age-related hearing loss, is a major health problem because it is the most common cause of hearing impairment, and its impact will grow in the coming years with the aging population. Besides auditory consequences, the literature recently found an association between hearing loss and cognitive decline over the last two decades, emphasizing the importance of the early detection of presbycusis. However, the current hearing tests are not sufficient to detect presbycusis in some cases. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of this association are still under discussion, calling for a new field of research on that topic. In that context, this study investigates for the first time the interaction between presbycusis, eye movement latency and Stroop scores for a normal aging population. Hearing abilities, eye movement latency and the Stroop Victoria test were measured for 69 elderly (mean 66.7 ± 8.4) and 30 young (mean 25.3 ± 2.7) participants. The results indicated a significant relationship between saccade latency and speech audiometry in the silence score, independently from age. These promising results suggest common attentional mechanisms between speech processing and saccade latency. The results are discussed regarding the relationship between hearing and cognition, and regarding the perspective of expanding new tools for presbycusis diagnosis.
Morphology of a Phase Separated and a Molecular Composite 30% PBT/70% ABPBI Block Copolymer (1987)

The morphology of a triblock copolymer of rigid-rod poly(p-phenylene benzobisthiazole (PBT) and semi-flexible coil poly (2,3(6)benzimidazole) (ABPBI) was examined by wide angle x-ray scattering and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. When samples were vacuum cast from a solution where the amount of 30% PBT/70% ABPBI copolymer was greater than a critical concentration of 5.8%, large-scale phase separation occurred and a film formed containing 0.1- micron particles and platelets in a ductile matrix. The particles and platelets were composed of well-oriented 10-nm PBT crystallites, while the matrix material was chiefly composed of ABPBI. When the amount of 30%PBT/70% ABPBI copolymer in a solvent was less than the critical concentration, the solution into a water coagulating bath had large scale phase separation inhibited.
ChemInform Abstract: (Pb,Sr)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films for a ULSI DRAM Capacitor Prepared by Liquid Source Misted Chemical Deposition. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Higher harmonic generation microscopy of in vitro cultured mammal oocytes and embryos (2008)

Oocyte and embryo selection governs the success of assisted reproductive technologies. The imaging tools applied for selecting embryos may need to contain several key properties: noninvasiveness, high 3D resolution, and the contrast capability to provide as much information about the embryos as possible, such as spindle fibers, zona pellucida, and organelles. Currently adopted imaging techniques can only provide one or two of these desired properties and are with limited contrast of the embryos. Some image techniques can even damage the embryos. Previous studies have shown that harmonic generation microscopy (HGM), a virtual-transition based technology, can provide noninvasive imaging in zebrafish embryos with a sub-cellular 3D resolution and a millimeter penetration depth, and thus could be a suitable tool for future oocyte and embryo selection of assisted reproductive technologies. However to evaluate HGM in clinical use, the intrinsic contrast origin of the second harmonic generation (SHG) and third harmonic generation (THG) inside the mammal embryos has to be studied. In this work we performed HGM studies on the in vitro cultured mouse oocytes and embryos by combining the SHG and THG modalities, with a focus on the contrast origin evaluation. Through the noninvasive HGM imaging, we can clearly identify various structures in the whole oocytes and embryos, including spindle fibers, zona pellucida, polar bodies, cell membranes, and the laminated organelles in the cells. The origin of the THG contrast was further confirmed through the standard staining studies. Through SHG signals, we could not only observe the spindle fibers when the oocytes were arrested at metaphase II or during the cleavage of the embryos, but can also distinguish and analyze the thickness of the three layers of the zona pellucida. Combining two different higher-harmonic generation modalities, SHG and THG, HGM successfully revealed the sub-cellular structures of the whole mouse embryos with a high 3D spatial resolution.
Ultrasound Characterization of Structure and Density of Coral as a Model for Trabecular Bone (2000)

"The goal of this thesis work has been to investigate improved diagnostic methods for both detecting osteoporosis and estimating fracture risk non-invasively, by assessing bone mass density (BMD) and bone microstructure. It evaluates new approaches for analyzing through-transmission ultrasound signals using coral samples as models for trabecular bone. The results of BUA, impulse response of coral samples and the angular decorrelation function of coral samples indicate that these ultrasound parameters may be useful in detecting changes in both bone mineral density (BMD) and the presence of dominant trabecular bone structure axis. "
MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine oil spill model for short-term forecasting – Part 2: Numerical simulations and validations (2013)

Abstract. In this paper we use MEDSLIK-II, a Lagrangian marine oil spill model described in Part 1 of this paper (De Dominicis et al., 2013), to simulate oil slick transport and transformation processes for realistic oceanic cases where satellite or drifting buoys data are available for verification. The model is coupled with operational oceanographic currents, atmospheric analyses winds and remote-sensing data for initialization. The sensitivity of the oil spill simulations to several model parameterizations is analyzed and the results are validated using surface drifters and SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images in different regions of the Mediterranean Sea. It is found that the forecast skill of Lagrangian trajectories largely depends on the accuracy of the Eulerian ocean currents: the operational models give useful estimates of currents, but high-frequency (hourly) and high spatial resolution is required, and the Stokes drift velocity has to be often added, especially in coastal areas. From a numerical point of view, it is found that a realistic oil concentration reconstruction is obtained using an oil tracer grid resolution of about 100 m, with at least 100 000 Lagrangian particles. Moreover, sensitivity experiments to uncertain model parameters show that the knowledge of oil type and slick thickness are, among all the others, key model parameters affecting the simulation results. Considering acceptable for the simulated trajectories a maximum spatial error of the order of three times the horizontal resolution of the Eulerian ocean currents, the predictability skill for particle trajectories is from 1 to 2.5 days depending on the specific current regime. This suggests that re-initialization of the simulations is required every day.
[In vitro antibacterial activity of cefpirome in combination with 4 aminoglycosides and 2 fluoroquinolones]. (1988)

Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides (gentamicin, tobramycin, netilmicin, amikacin) and of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones (pefloxacin, ofloxacin) were tested against 20 Enterobacteriaceae, 6 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 6 Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, 6 group D Streptococci and 6 Staphylococcus aureus strains, susceptible, intermediate or resistant with a low level to these different compounds. Activity of combinations was evaluated using a broth microdilution checkerboard method and FIC indices determination. Combinations of cefpirome with aminoglycosides demonstrated a synergistic effect in 79.5% of cases, but a strong synergy (FIC less than or equal to 0.62) was observed in only 46% of cases. The higher rate of strong synergy concerned Enterobacteriaceae (50% of cases) and group D Streptococci (58.3%). Combination of cefpirome with gentamicin was the most active against Enterobacteriaceae and with a lower degree against P. aeruginosa, A. calcoaceticus and S. aureus. Combination of cefpirome with netilmicin was the best association against group D Streptococci. Combinations of cefpirome with fluorinated quinolones demonstrated frequently and additive (40.9%) or indifferent (36.3%) effect. When a synergistic effect was proved, it was always weak (FIC = 0.75). Combinations of two fluorinated quinolones with cefpirome gave similar results. No combination was antagonist. This study is a primary estimation of activity of cefpirome combined with other agents. It will be necessary to confirm these results against strains resistant with high level, especially against cefpirome, strains not discovered in clinical isolates at present.
CAD modeling of SAW filters in mobile communication systems (2002)

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) propagating in anisotropic and piezoelectric substrates have been investigated. The mass- and stress-loading effect, caused by two different isotropic and metallic films with finite thickness, is exactly taken into account by analyzing the multilayered structure. The mass density and the elastic stiffness constants of the metallic layers are determined by fitting calculated to measured velocity dispersion curves. High-precision group-delay-time measurements have been made. Thicknesses of the metallic films were measured with a transmission electron microscope. A least-square fit yields the unknown elastic constants and the densities of the aluminum and the aluminum oxide layer. These improved values of material constants are used in efficient computer-aided design (CAD) tools for high-performance SAW filter modeling and synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation of pp60c-src synthesis by inducible RNA complementary to c-src mRNA in polyomavirus-transformed rat cells. (1986)

To determine the potential role of pp60c-src in polyomavirus-transformed cells, we constructed a recombinant plasmid with the mouse metallothionein-I promoter upstream of a src gene in an anti-sense orientation. We cotransfected this plasmid into middle tumor antigen-transformed FR3T3 cells with a plasmid containing the neomycin resistance gene, and G418 resistant colonies were selected. Analysis of these cells for pp60c-src expression revealed that 50 of the 200 cellular clones screened were found to have decreased levels of c-src expression when compared with the parental middle tumor antigen-transformed cells. Three independent clones which transcribed the expected 3.6-kilobase src complementary RNA and had levels of pp60c-src kinase activity comparable to that of normal FR3T3 cells were further analyzed. In the presence of Cd2+, these clones grew significantly slower in monolayer cultures than either the parental transformed cells (FR18-1) or FR18-1 cells transfected with the neomycin resistance gene alone. The morphology of these clones in the presence of Cd2+ was distinct from that of either the parental FR18-1 cells or normal FR3T3 cells. The clones expressing the complementary src RNA were found to form fewer colonies in soft agar, form fewer foci on monolayers of normal rat cells, and form tumors more slowly following injection into syngenic rats when compared with parental FR18-1 cells. The results of these studies suggest that the level of pp60c-src kinase activity affects the growth characteristics and transformation properties of polyoma virus-transformed rat cells.
Modulation, coding and signal processing for wireless communications - Interference cancellation for cellular systems: a contemporary overview (2005)

Cellular networks today are interference-limited and only becomes increasingly so in the future due to the many users that need to share the spectrum to achieve high-rate multimedia communication. Despite the enormous amount of academic and industrial research in the past 20 years on interference-aware receivers and the large performance improvements promised by these multi-user techniques, today's receivers still generally treat interference as background noise. In this article, we enumerate the reasons for this widespread scepticism, and discuss how current and future trends increases the need for and viability of multi-user receivers for both the uplink, where many asynchronous users are simultaneously detected, and the downlink, where users are scheduled and largely orthogonalized; but the mobile handset still needs to cope with a few dominant interfering base stations. New results for interference cancelling receivers that use conventional front-ends are shown to alleviate many of the shortcomings of prior techniques, particularly for the challenging uplink. This article gives an overview of key recent research breakthroughs on interference cancellation and highlights system-level considerations for future multi-user receivers.
Five Approaches to Literacy in Correctional Education (2006)

This article introduces literacy from a few “big picture ” perspectives, and then reviews five paradigms that have shaped the teaching and learning of literacy in residential confinement institutions for juveniles and adults. The paradigms are specific to correctional education, but they will be familiar to all alternative teachers and advocates of literacy instruction.
Dynamical quantum error correction of unitary operations with bounded controls (2009)

Dynamically corrected gates were recently introduced [K. Khodjasteh and L. Viola, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 080501 (2009)] as a tool to achieve decoherence-protected quantum gates based on open-loop Hamiltonian engineering. Here, we further expand the framework of dynamical quantum error correction, with emphasis on elucidating under what conditions decoherence suppression can be ensured while performing a generic target quantum gate, using only available bounded-strength control resources. Explicit constructions for physically relevant error models are detailed, including arbitrary linear decoherence and pure dephasing on qubits. The effectiveness of dynamically corrected gates in an illustrative non-Markovian spin-bath setting is investigated numerically, confirming the expected fidelity performance in a wide parameter range. Robustness against a class of systematic control errors is automatically incorporated in the perturbative error regime.
High-temperature sensing applications of silica and sapphire optical fibers (1990)

Two silica fiber strain sensors are presented and their capabilities at high temperatures are demonstrated. A silica fiber extrinsic Fabry-Perot strain sensor is demonstrated with nanometer resolution at temperatures up to 975 C. The second silica-based fiber sensor is an intensity-based strain sensor constructed by placing two multimode fibers inside a hollow silica tube. As the gap between the endfaces of the fibers changes, the intensity of the output optical power varies depending on the longitudinal misalignment. SiO2 was deposited using a CVD method to form a cladding on commercially-available sapphire rods. The sapphire optical fiber was used to build a displacement sensor.
Effect of irgasan on bacterial growth and its adsorption into the cell wall. (1980)

Isolated cell walls and whole cells of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were shown to adsorb irgasan, with P. aeruginosa adsorbing the greatest amount of irgasan per microgram of cell wall and whole cell tested. The drug uptake displayed by both cell walls and whole cells appears to be by diffusion. Although P. aeruginosa revealed the highest affinity for the bisphenol of the three organisms tested, it was most resistant to its antibacterial action. These results indicated that the lipid content of the cell wall may be responsible for the degree of adsorption and resistance since P. aeruginosa showed the most adsorption, resistance and the highest cell wall lipid content of the three micro-organisms tested.
[Genetic risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)]. (1999)

Cigarette smoking has been shown to be a major environmental risk factor predisposing to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, only 10-20% of cigarette smokers develop COPD, implying undue susceptibility compared with the remainder of the population at large. Studies of families and twins suggest that genetic factors also contribute to development of COPD. We review the genes which have been investigated as potential risk factors for COPD. The fully established genetic risk factor is only alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Polymorphisms for the genes including alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, vitamin D-binding protein, microsomal epoxide hydrolase, cytochrome P450 1A1, Glutathione S-transferase and immunoglobulin A, have also been associated with the development of COPD. Other genetic factors are likely involved but have not yet been identified. Elucidation of additional genetic risk factors may provide useful insights into the pathogenesis of COPD. Potential interactions between the various environmental and genetic risk factors may be important determinants in development of COPD.
Multi-ray-based system matrix generation for 3D PET reconstruction (2008)

Iterative image reconstruction algorithms for positron emission tomography (PET) require a sophisticated system matrix (model) of the scanner. Our aim is to set up such a model offline for the YAP-(S)PET II small animal imaging tomograph in order to use it subsequently with standard ML-EM (maximum-likelihood expectation maximization) and OSEM (ordered subset expectation maximization) for fully three-dimensional image reconstruction. In general, the system model can be obtained analytically, via measurements or via Monte Carlo simulations. In this paper, we present the multi-ray method, which can be considered as a hybrid method to set up the system model offline. It incorporates accurate analytical (geometric) considerations as well as crystal depth and crystal scatter effects. At the same time, it has the potential to model seamlessly other physical aspects such as the positron range. The proposed method is based on multiple rays which are traced from/to the detector crystals through the image volume. Such a ray-tracing approach itself is not new; however, we derive a novel mathematical formulation of the approach and investigate the positioning of the integration (ray-end) points. First, we study single system matrix entries and show that the positioning and weighting of the ray-end points according to Gaussian integration give better results compared to equally spaced integration points (trapezoidal integration), especially if only a small number of integration points (rays) are used. Additionally, we show that, for a given variance of the single matrix entries, the number of rays (events) required to calculate the whole matrix is a factor of 20 larger when using a pure Monte-Carlo-based method. Finally, we analyse the quality of the model by reconstructing phantom data from the YAP-(S)PET II scanner.