gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A function of the Golgi apparatus in polysaccharide synthesis and transport in the root-cap cells of wheat (1966)

1. A radioautographic study of the cells of the root tips of wheat incubated with d-[1- or 6-(3)H]glucose has shown that labelled material is formed in the golgi apparatus of the root-cap cells. This material passed to the vesicles associated with the golgi bodies and then moved through the cytoplasm across the plasmalemma and was incorporated into the cell wall and slime layer of the tissue. 2. Analysis of the labelled material extracted from the root tips showed that the bulk of the radioactive material was polysaccharide; there were relatively small amounts of labelled lipids and protein in the tissue. 3. Starch was formed from the exogenous labelled glucose and it was located in the plastids of the cell. The synthesis of starch depended on the metabolic activity of the cells, which varied with the position of the cell in the various tissues of the root tip and with the amount of the exogenous glucose. 4. Isolation of the radioactive polysaccharides from the root tip incubated in the radioactive glucose has shown that the glucose was very rapidly incorporated into the galactosyl residues of the polymers. 5. Analysis of the radioactive polysaccharides has indicated that the material transported in the golgi vesicles is probably pectic substance. 6. A scheme for the synthesis of the storage and wall polysaccharides by separate routes and their location within the cell has been put forward.
Grammatical analysis of DNA sequences provides a rationale for the regulatory control of an entire chromosome (1990)

Regardless of their origins, functions, and base compositions, all DNAs are scriptures written following the same grammatical rule. At the level of syllables, two, CG and TA are seldom used, while three, TG, CT and CA are utilized with abundance. Accordingly, at the level of three-letter words, two complementary base trimers, CTG and CAG, invariably enjoy frequent usage. Inasmuch as two of the three frequently used syllables, TG and CA are complementary to each other, while two seldom used syllables, CG and TA, are both palindromes, two complementary strands of DNA are inherently symmetrical with each other. Consequently, palindromic sequences as favourite targets of DNA-binding proteins occur at unsuspectedly high frequencies, if they contain TG and CA or CTG and CAG. Nevertheless, there are grammatical rules operating among these high frequency palindromes as well; e.g. the palindromic tetramer TGCA occurs nearly two times more often than its reciprocal; CATG. Thus, DNA-binding proteins are provided with a wealth of abundant targets whose densities are influenced by a regional difference in GC/AT ratios to variable degrees. One palindromic heptamer CAGNCTG is an ideal target of one DNA-binding protein engaged in chromosome packaging and in generation of banding patterns. This heptamer occurs once every 1000 bases in moderately GC-rich sequences, while its incidence is reduced to once every 3000 bases in extremely AT-rich sequences. The above must be the very reason that a solitary human X-chromosome DNA coated with mouse DNA-binding proteins in mouse-man somatic hybrids still maintains the original banding pattern and that the inactive X remains inactive, while the active X remains active.
High fat diet induced atherosclerosis is accompanied with low colonic bacterial diversity and altered abundances that correlates with plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol: a pilot study of high fat diet and its intervention with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) or telmisartan in ApoE−/− mice (2016)

LGG and TLM improved atherosclerosis with TLM having a more distinct alteration in the colonic gut microbiota. Altered bacteria genera and reduced alpha diversity had significant correlations to atherosclerotic plaque size, plasma A-FABP and cholesterol. Future studies on such bacterial functional influence in lipid metabolism will be warranted.
A Serological Survey of Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus Infection in Chickens in Japan. (1996)

A total of 4,111 chicken sera collected from 1985 to 1995 at 137 farms in 36 prefectures were subjected to an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to test for antibodies against turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus. The antibodies to TRT virus were detected in the chicken sera collected from 1988 to 1995, but the antibodies to TRT virus were undetectable in the sera of chickens collected before 1987. The antibody positive rates each year ranged from 2.2% (1988) to 54.2% (1995). Recently, the TRT virus has spread over the flocks of commercial broiler and layer chicken throughout the country. The serological findings indicated that the TRT virus had invaded the chickens before 1988, and has been widespread thereafter in Japan.
The Views of Parents and Adolescents on the Granting of Behavioural Autonomy to Adolescents: Some Normative Data (1986)

Psychologists working with families experiencing serious parent adolescent conflict often find themselves being asked about community views regarding the ages at which adolescents ought be permitted to engage in a range of behaviours. Given the general lack of normative data in this regard, the current study has attempted to provide some. Data from two studies involving families of children attending a total of 17 Victorian schools are reported, and discussion is given to the use that might be made of such data by psychologists working with families experiencing parental adolescent conflict.
Inflammation and impaired adipogenesis in hypertrophic obesity in man (2009)

Obesity is associated mainly with adipose cell enlargement in adult man (hypertrophic obesity), whereas the formation of new fat cells (hyperplastic obesity) predominates in the prepubertal age. Adipose cell size, independent of body mass index, is negatively correlated with whole body insulin sensitivity. Here, we review recent findings linking hypertrophic obesity with inflammation and a dysregulated adipose tissue, including local cellular insulin resistance with reduced IRS-1 and GLUT4 protein content. In addition, the number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue capable of undergoing differentiation to adipose cells is reduced in hypertrophic obesity. This is likely to promote ectopic lipid accumulation, a well-known finding in these individuals and one that promotes insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk. We also review recent results showing that TNFα, but not MCP-1, resistin, or IL-6, completely prevents normal adipogenesis in preadipocytes, activates Wnt signaling, and induces a macrophage-like phenotype in the preadipocytes. In fact, activated preadipocytes, rather than macrophages, may completely account for the increased release of chemokines and cytokines by the adipose tissue in obesity. Understanding the molecular mechanisms for the impaired preadipocyte differentiation in the subcutaneous adipose tissue in hypertrophic obesity is a priority since it may lead to new ways of treating obesity and its associated metabolic complications.
Accelerated Onset and Increased Incidence of Ventricular Arrhythmias Induced by Ischemia in Cx43-Deficient Mice (2000)

Reduced expression of Cx43 accelerates the onset and increases the incidence, frequency, and duration of ventricular tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery occlusion. Thus diminished electrical coupling per se plays a critical role in arrhythmogenesis induced by acute ischemia.
Impact of nervous system hyperalgesia on pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis: A controlled analysis (2008)

Patients with pain due to osteoarthritis who were scheduled for total knee replacement showed hyperalgesia of nervous system origin that negatively impacted pain, knee functional capacity, and most aspects of quality of life.
A nitric oxide-releasing solution as a potential treatment for fungi associated with tinea pedis (2012)

This study provides the background for developing a user-friendly footbath treatment for Athlete's Foot that will kill both vegetative fungi and its spores.
Nitrile oxides. XII. Cycloaliphatic and aliphatic stable nitrile oxides (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNitrile oxides. XII. Cycloaliphatic and aliphatic stable nitrile oxidesChristoph Grundmann and Sushil Kumar DattaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 6, 2016–2018Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01258a125https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01258a125research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Golem Krang: Dynamically stable humanoid robot for mobile manipulation (2010)

What would humans be like if nature had invented the wheel? Golem Krang is a novel humanoid torso designed at Georgia Tech. The robot dynamically transforms from a .5 m static to a 1.5 m dynamic configuration. Our robot development has led to two advances in the design of platforms for mobility and manipulation: (1) A 2-DOF robot base that autonomously stands from horizontal rest; (2) A 4-DOF humanoid torso that adds a waist roll joint to replicate human torso folding and a yaw joint for spine rotation. The mobile torso also achieves autonomous standing in a constrained space while lifting a 40 kg payload. Golem validates our assertions by consistently achieving static-dynamic transformations. This paper describes the design of our mobile torso. It considers a number of factors including its suitability for human environments, mechanical simplicity and the ability to store potential and kinetic energy for handling heavy human and even super-human tasks.
Statistical methods for efficiency adjusted real‐time PCR quantification (2007)

The statistical treatment for hypothesis testing using real-time PCR data is a challenge for quantification of gene expression. One has to consider two key factors in precise statistical analysis of real-time PCR data: a well-defined statistical model and the integration of amplification efficiency (AE) into the model. Previous publications in real-time PCR data analysis often fall short in integrating the AE into the model. Novel, user-friendly, and universal AE-integrated statistical methods were developed for real-time PCR data analysis with four goals. First, we addressed the definition of AE, introduced the concept of efficiency-adjusted Delta Delta Ct, and developed a general mathematical method for its calculation. Second, we developed several linear combination approaches for the estimation of efficiency adjusted Delta Delta Ct and statistical significance for hypothesis testing based on different mathematical formulae and experimental designs. Statistical methods were also adopted to estimate the AE and its equivalence among the samples. A weighted Delta Delta Ct method was introduced to analyze the data with multiple internal controls. Third, we implemented the linear models with SAS programs and analyzed a set of data for each model. In order to allow other researchers to use and compare different approaches, SAS programs are included in the Supporting Information. Fourth, the results from analysis of different statistical models were compared and discussed. Our results underline the differences between the efficiency adjusted Delta Delta Ct methods and previously published methods, thereby better identifying and controlling the source of errors introduced by real-time PCR data analysis.
Strain-Related Differences in Susceptibility to Transient Forebrain Ischemia in SV-129 and C57Black/6 Mice (1997)

C57Black/6 mice exhibit enhanced susceptibility to global cerebral ischemic injury, an incompletely formed circle of Willis, and augmented pial vessel dilation to ACh compared with SV-129 mice. Our findings suggest that strain differences may confound results when genetically engineered mice generated from more than a single background strain are used.
Chondrocytes and stem cells in 3D-bioprinted structures create human cartilage in vivo (2017)

Cartilage repair and replacement is a major challenge in plastic reconstructive surgery. The development of a process capable of creating a patient-specific cartilage framework would be a major breakthrough. Here, we described methods for creating human cartilage in vivo and quantitatively assessing the proliferative capacity and cartilage-formation ability in mono- and co-cultures of human chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells in a three-dimensional (3D)-bioprinted hydrogel scaffold. The 3D-bioprinted constructs (5 × 5 × 1.2 mm) were produced using nanofibrillated cellulose and alginate in combination with human chondrocytes and human mesenchymal stem cells using a 3D-extrusion bioprinter. Immediately following bioprinting, the constructs were implanted subcutaneously on the back of 48 nude mice and explanted after 30 and 60 days, respectively, for morphological and immunohistochemical examination. During explantation, the constructs were easy to handle, and the majority had retained their macroscopic grid appearance. Constructs consisting of human nasal chondrocytes showed good proliferation ability, with 17.2% of the surface areas covered with proliferating chondrocytes after 60 days. In constructs comprising a mixture of chondrocytes and stem cells, an additional proliferative effect was observed involving chondrocyte production of glycosaminoglycans and type 2 collagen. This clinically highly relevant study revealed 3D bioprinting as a promising technology for the creation of human cartilage.
Cotton contamination survey 1999, ITMF (2001)

L'international Textile Manufacturers Federation organise une enquête d'opinion parmi ses adhérents tous les deux ans. Cette enquête recense la perception des filateurs face à des cotons des principales origines de cotons. Cette présentation relate les résultats de la dernière enquête réalisée, et les compare aux résultats des précédentes enquêtes.
Domino logic synthesis using complex static gates (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Domino logic synthesis using complex static gates Authors: Tyler Thorp Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Gin Yee Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile , Carl Sechen Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA Department of Eledrid Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ICCAD '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE/ACM international conference on Computer-aided designNovember 1998 Pages 242–247https://doi.org/10.1145/288548.288620Published:01 November 1998Publication History 8citation496DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads496Last 12 Months12Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Time-Gated Orthogonal Scanning Automated Microscopy (OSAM) for High-speed Cell Detection and Analysis (2012)

We report a new development of orthogonal scanning automated microscopy (OSAM) incorporating time-gated detection to locate rare-event organisms regardless of autofluorescent background. The necessity of using long-lifetime (hundreds of microseconds) luminescent biolabels for time-gated detection implies long integration (dwell) time, resulting in slow scan speed. However, here we achieve high scan speed using a new 2-step orthogonal scanning strategy to realise on-the-fly time-gated detection and precise location of 1-μm lanthanide-doped microspheres with signal-to-background ratio of 8.9. This enables analysis of a 15 mm × 15 mm slide area in only 3.3 minutes. We demonstrate that detection of only a few hundred photoelectrons within 100 μs is sufficient to distinguish a target event in a prototype system using ultraviolet LED excitation. Cytometric analysis of lanthanide labelled Giardia cysts achieved a signal-to-background ratio of two orders of magnitude. Results suggest that time-gated OSAM represents a new opportunity for high-throughput background-free biosensing applications.
Serologic response to Mannheimia haemolytica in calves concurrently inoculated with inactivated or modified-live preparations of M haemolytica and viral combination vaccines containing modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 (2011)

Coadministration of ML BHV-1 and MH preparations interfered with the serologic response to MH leukotoxin in calves seronegative for BHV-1. Serologic response to MH leukotoxin may be substantially improved in seronegative calves when MH vaccination is delayed until after calves have received a dose of ML BHV-1 vaccine.
Prolonged continuous intravenous infusion of the dipeptide L-alanine- L-glutamine significantly increases plasma glutamine and alanine without elevating brain glutamate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (2014)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02130674. Registered 5 April 2014.
The p75 peptide is the receptor for interleukin 2 expressed on large granular lymphocytes and is responsible for the interleukin 2 activation of these cells. (1987)

There are at least two interleukin 2 (IL-2) binding peptides: one is the Mr 55,000 peptide (p55) reactive with the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody, and the other is a Mr 75,000 non-Tac IL-2 binding peptide (p75). Independently existing Tac or p75 peptides represent low-affinity IL-2 receptors, whereas high-affinity IL-2 receptors are expressed when both peptides are present and associated in a receptor complex. It has long been known that normal large granular lymphocytes (LGL) or leukemic cells from the patients with abnormal expansions of LGL can be activated by IL-2 not only to more-potent natural killer cells but also to effectors of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity, although they do not express the Tac peptide. In the present study, using cross-linking methodology, we found that normal LGL and leukemic LGL from all individuals tested expressed the p75 IL-2 binding peptide but did not express the Tac peptide. These LGL leukemia cells made proliferative responses to IL-2 but required a much higher concentration than that required for the proliferation of normal phytohemagglutinin-stimulated T lymphoblasts that express high-affinity receptors. Furthermore, the addition of IL-2 to Tac-negative LGL leukemic cells augmented transcription of the Tac gene and induced the Tac peptide. Neither the IL-2-induced proliferation nor the up-regulation of Tac gene expression was inhibited by the addition of anti-Tac. These results strongly suggest that the p75 peptide is responsible for IL-2-induced activation of LGL and that the p75 peptide alone can mediate an IL-2 signal. Thus, the p75 peptide may play an important role in the IL-2-mediated immune response not only by participating with the Tac peptide in the formation of the high-affinity receptor complex on T cells but also by contributing to the initial triggering of LGL activation so that these cells become efficient natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cells.
Only the non-glycosylated fraction of hepatitis E virus capsid (open reading frame 2) protein is stable in mammalian cells. (1999)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus, with the genome encoding three open reading frames (ORFs) of which ORF 2 directs translation of the capsid protein, PORF2. Following pulse-labelling and cell fractionation of PORF2 expressed in mammalian cells using the Semliki Forest virus replicon, the capsid protein was detected as three major species of 78 (PORF2), 82 and 86 kDa, with P82 and P86 being N-glycosylated (gPORF2 and ggPORF2, respectively). Although gPORF2 and ggPORF2 species represented 79% of total PORF2 after 20 min metabolic labelling and were largely membrane-associated, the glycosylated PORF2 species were much less stable than non-glycosylated PORF2, which was present in the cytosol and represented the major product accumulated in the cell. In the absence of detectable surface expression or export of PORF2, this suggests that glycosylated ORF 2 proteins may not be intermediates in HEV capsid assembly.
The Role of the Thiol N-Acetylcysteine in the Prevention of Tumor Invasion and Angiogenesis (1999)

We have extensively studied the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a cytoprotective drug that can prevent in vivo carcinogenesis. Here we review our findings NAC completely inhibits gelatinolytic activity of metalloproteases and chemotactic and invasive activities of tumor cells. In addition, NAC reduces the number of lung metastases when malignant murine melanoma cells are injected into nude mice. NAC treatment decreases the weight of primary tumors and produces a dose-related increase in tumor latency. Moreover, oral administration of NAC reduces the formation of spontaneous metastases. In experimental metastasis assays, we have found a synergistic reduction in the number of lung metastases after treatment with doxorubicin (DOX) and NAC in nude mice. In tumorigenicity and spontaneous metastasis assays, the combined administration of DOX and oral NAC again has shown synergistic effects on the frequency and weight of primary tumors and local recurrences and completely prevented the formation of lung metastases. The addition of NAC to endothelial cells strongly reduces their invasive activity in response to angiogenic stimuli. NAC inhibited the degradation and release of radiolabeled type IV collagen by activated endothelial cells, indicating that NAC blocks gelatinase activity. Oral administration of NAC reduces the angiogenic response induced by KS tumor cell products, confirming the ability of NAC to inhibit the invasive activity of endothelial cells in vivo and thereby blocking angiogenesis.
Optical detection of deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization using an anchoring transition of liquid crystal alignment (2005)

We demonstrate an optical method for detecting specific binding events in an oligo deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) chip using an anchoring transition of a nematic liquid crystal (NLC) as a result of DNA hybridization. A homeotropic orientation of the NLC supported by oligoDNA changes to a random planar orientation after hybridization. Such DNA hybridization and subsequent NLC reorientation are easily observable with a simple detection system via long-range orientational order and large optical anisotropy of the NLC.