gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ratio of ELR+ to ELR− CXC chemokines affects the lung and liver injury following hepatic ischemia/reperfusion in the rat (2000)

Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) results in a neutrophil-dependent lung and liver injury. The process of neutrophil recruitment and activation in this injury is at least partially dependent on the presence of the ELR+ CXC chemokines. Other investigations have shown that ELR- CXC chemokines can block ELR+ CXC chemokine neutrophil recruitment and activation in vitro. To begin to investigate the role of the balance between these 2 types of molecules in vivo in neutrophil recruitment and activation following hepatic I/R, we used our rat model of lobar hepatic I/R and pretreated animals with pharmacologic doses of gamma-interferon (gamma-IFN). gamma-IFN is known to upregulate some of the ELR- CXC chemokines, including gamma-IFN-inducible protein (IP-10) and monokine-induced by gamma-IFN (MIG), as well as down-regulate ELR+ CXC chemokine production. Following hepatic I/R or sham laparotomy, hepatic and pulmonary levels of the ELR- chemokines, IP-10 and MIG, and the ELR+ chemokines, rat cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC), macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and epithelial neutrophil activating protein (ENA-78) were determined by ELISA, and lung and liver injury were assessed. In response to gamma-IFN, hepatic and pulmonary levels of the ELR- chemokines were increased and the levels of the ELR+ chemokines were decreased. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the hepatocyte as the source of these molecules, as well as the changes in chemokine levels in response to gamma-IFN. There was an associated significant decrease in liver and lung injury, although there was no significant decrease in neutrophil influx in either tissue. This suggests that the alteration in the balance of ELR+ to ELR- CXC chemokines results in a decrease in tissue injury through a mechanism other than through an alteration in tissue neutrophil levels.
Toward the Simulation of the Strain of Female Pelvic Organs (2007)

Surgical simulators have undergone a significant development, especially since the rise of mini-invasive surgery. The main simulators of digestive surgery have been developed for solid organs such as the liver and spleen. Studies relating to soft tissues like the pelvic organs are rare. The aim of this work was to create a model of female pelvis that will be used as a basis for the development of a patient specific pelvic simulator. A dynamic MRI acquisition is used to evaluate and to set the simulation model.
Ion-induced modification of graphite coatings (1992)

Burnished graphite powders and physical vapor-deposition (PVD) coatings of layered crystalline materials such as MoSx have often been used as solid lubricants. This letter will report on a novel ion-induced modification of a graphite-powder coating on a silicon surface. Even at very low ion doses, the bombardment results in structural modifications observed as a considerable reduction in x rays reflected from the (002) sliding planes, which indicates an amorphization process. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies have confirmed almost complete amorphization with 200 keV Ar ions at 1016 ions cm−2. A commercial scanning tunneling microscope (STM) was used as an advanced profilometer to study ion-induced changes in the surface morphology at the powder surface. The mechanical properties of the combined graphite-coating/silicon system were studied by nanoindentation technique, and the perspectives in ion-beam burnishing of graphite coatings will be discussed.
Diseases Among Men 20 Years After Exposure to Severe Stress (1997)

Although this study has some limitations, it suggests that there is a direct link between severe stress exposures and a broad spectrum of human diseases. In the future, medical researchers and clinicians should focus more on the medical consequences of exposure to severe environmental stress and seek to better integrate psychobiologic models of disease pathogenesis.
Social tagging roles (2008)

Social tagging systems provide users with the opportunity to employ tags in a communicative manner. To explore the use of tags for communication in these systems, we report results from 33 user interviews and employ the concept of social roles to describe audience-oriented tagging, including roles of community-seeker, community-builder, evangelist, publisher, and team-leader. These roles contribute to our understanding of the motivations and rationales behind social tagging in an international company, and suggest new features and services to support social software in the enterprise.
Second harmonic generation in GeO <sub>2</sub> ridge waveguide (1989)

We report the first observation of ‘seeded’ second harmonic generation in a GeO2 and P2O5 codoped silica ridge waveguide from a pump wavelength at 1.064/µm. A 200-fold increase over the background signal has been measured.
Evaluation of the performance of a commercial polystyrene devolatilizer (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of the performance of a commercial polystyrene devolatilizerBernard J. Meister and Alan E. PlattCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1989, 28, 11, 1659–1664Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00095a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00095a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views247Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A method for the evaluation of small antenna Q (2003)

A method is presented to calculate the quality factor (Q) of small antennas, which is based on the understanding that for a small antenna the total energy in Poynting theorem can be easily separated into the stored energy and radiated energy by using the low frequency expansions. The Poynting theorem in frequency domain provides an equation on the stored electric and magnetic energy while the Poynting theorem in time domain can be used as another independent equation for the stored electric and magnetic energy. By solving these equations the stored electric and magnetic energy can be obtained, thus, making the Q calculation possible.
Role for glia in synaptogenesis (2004)

Nearly one-half of the cells in a human brain are astrocytes, but the function of these little cells remains a great mystery. Astrocytes form an intimate association with synapses throughout the adult CNS, where they help regulate ion and neurotransmitter concentrations. Recent in vitro studies, however, have found that astrocytes also exert powerful control over the number of CNS synapses that form, are essential for postsynaptic function, and are required for synaptic stability and maintenance. Moreover, recent studies increasingly implicate astrocytes in vivo as participants in activity-dependent structural and functional synaptic changes throughout the nervous system. Taken together, these data force us to rethink the role of glia. We propose that astrocytes should not be viewed primarily as support cells, but rather as cells that actively control the structural and functional plasticity of synapses in developing and adult organisms.
Frequency selectivity using positive impedance converter-type networks (1968)

It is shown that positive impedance converter-type networks may be used to realize a driving-point impedance that is ideally a frequency dependent negative resistor. This concept may be used to realize new types of inductorless selective networks. A simple resonant circuit application is discussed.
Kinetics of Reactive Modules Adds Discriminative Dimensions for Selective Cell Imaging (2016)

Living cells are chemical mixtures of exceptional interest and significance, whose investigation requires the development of powerful analytical tools fulfilling the demanding constraints resulting from their singular features. In particular, multiplexed observation of a large number of molecular targets with high spatiotemporal resolution appears highly desirable. One attractive road to address this analytical challenge relies on engaging the targets in reactions and exploiting the rich kinetic signature of the resulting reactive module, which originates from its topology and its rate constants. This review explores the various facets of this promising strategy. We first emphasize the singularity of the content of a living cell as a chemical mixture and suggest that its multiplexed observation is significant and timely. Then, we show that exploiting the kinetics of analytical processes is relevant to selectively detect a given analyte: upon perturbing the system, the kinetic window associated to response read-out has to be matched with that of the targeted reactive module. Eventually, we introduce the state-of-the-art of cell imaging exploiting protocols based on reaction kinetics and draw some promising perspectives.
High Birefringent Liquid Crystals (1995)

Abstract Several liquid crystal dyes and fluorinated compounds with high birefringence are synthesized and their properties evaluated. These polar compounds are useful dopants for enhancing the dielectric anisotropy of the dialkyl diphenyl-diacetylene host.
Spectrographic Studies of Cancer and Normal Blood Plasma: I. Absorption Spectra of Fractionated Cancer and Normal Rat Blood Plasma (1936)

Introduction There is evidence that a slight chemical difference may occur in cancer and normal blood (1–5), and while the idea is not a new one (6–15), it was thought worth while to apply absorption spectrographic methods to detect the difference. The present work differs from previous work in the method of fractionation of the proteins of the blood plasma, and in that the samples were taken from carefully standardized rats. Procedure Implants of a transplantable rat tumor, Philadelphia No. 1 sarcoma (16 and 17), into the flank were made in standardized Germantown albino rats and allowed to grow for a period of six days to two weeks. After starvation for twenty-four hours, the rats were anesthetized; the blood was then drawn from the heart, collected in oxalated tubes and centrifuged. To each cubic centimeter of the resulting clear plasma were added 4 c.c. of distilled water and various amounts of a specially prepared zinc hydroxide powder (18). Increasing the amount of zinc hydroxide powder added to the solution augmented the amount of protein removed, and diminished the height of the protein absorption band. The greatest and most consistent difference between cancer and normal plasma was observed in the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the filtrates, obtained from 5 c.c. of diluted plasma treated with 0.1 gm. zinc hydroxide powder. The fractionation procedure, described above, was standardized as follows: To 5 c.c. of the diluted plasma, 0.1 gm. of the zinc hydroxide powder was added, in a small Erlenmeyer flask. The mixture was then shaken vigorously for two minutes, more slowly for an additional period of three minutes, and then filtered. The action of the zinc hydroxide powder was not entirely complete, but this procedure gave reproducible results. The absorption spectra were then taken as soon as possible, although no change in absorption was detected after several hours9 standing.
In vitro interferon production by bovine tissues: induction with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. (1976)

The interferon-inducing ability of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus was determined in tissue cultures of bovine origin inoculated with untreated and ultraviolet (UV) irradiated IBR viruses. Interferon was assayed by the plaque-reduction method in bovine fetal kidney (BFK) cell cultures, using vesicular stomatitis virus as challenge virus. Highest interferon concentrations were produced by cultures of bovine fetal (BF) spleen cells and aveolar macrophage cultures derived from adult cattle. Moderate interferon concentrations were produced by peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) suspension cultures from adult cattle with serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from 1 cow without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus did not produce detectable interferon in response to IBR virus. Cultures of PBL from cattle with or without detectable serum-neutralizing antibodies against IBR virus produced interferon when stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Low levles of viral inhibitors were detected infrequently in monolayer cultures of BFK and BF nasal mucosa inoculated with UV-irradiated IBR virus and in BF tracheal organ cultures inoculated with untreated IBR virus. Interferon was not detected in fluids collected from IBR virus-exposed monolayer cultures of primary and secondary BF lung, secondary BF tracheal mucosa, secondary BF liver, secondary BF adrenal, and PBL in the 4th and 7th passages. The antiviral inhibitors from BF spleen, bovine alveolar macrophage, and PBL cultures induced with IBR virus, as well as inhibitors from PBL cultures induced with PHA, had the usual properties of interferon.
[no title] (1975)

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Efficient Spectral-Galerkin Method I. Direct Solvers of Second- and Fourth-Order Equations Using Legendre Polynomials (1994)

This paper presents some efficient algorithms based on the Legendre–Galerkin approximations for the direct solution of the second- and fourth-order elliptic equations. The key to the efficiency of these algorithms is to construct appropriate base functions, which lead to systems with sparse matrices for the discrete variational formulations. The complexities of the algorithms are a small multiple of $N^{d + 1} $ operations for a d-dimensional domain with $(N - 1)^d $ unknowns, while the convergence rates of the algorithms are exponential for problems with smooth solutions. In addition, the algorithms can be effectively parallelized since the bottlenecks of the algorithms are matrix-matrix multiplications.
Structurally different RGTAs modulate collagen‐type expression by cultured aortic smooth muscle cells via different pathways involving fibroblast growth factor‐2 or transforming growth factor‐β1 (2004)

We have engineered polymers called ReGeneraTing Agents (RGTAs), which mimic the protecting and potentiating properties of heparan sulfates toward heparin-binding growth factors (HBGF). RGTAs have been shown to optimize cell growth and regulate collagen production in vitro. Here, we studied relationships between RGTA structure and collagen-type expression in aortic smooth muscle cells by using two RGTAs, the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran RG-1503 and the carboxylmethylsulfate dextran with added benzylamide RG-1192. RG-1192 specifically induced a fivefold decrease in collagen III synthesis. This effect was abolished by FGF-2 neutralizing antibody. RG-1192 and FGF-2 acted synergistically to decrease collagen III. RG-1192 was more effective than heparin in this process. RG-1192 increased the pericellular localization of FGF-2 and protected FGF-2 from proteolysis. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicated a Kd of 15.7 nM for the RG-1192/FGF-2 interaction (10.6 nM for the heparin/FGF-2 interaction). The structurally different RG-1503 (without benzylamide) did not interact with FGF-2 and worked synergistically with TGF-beta1 to specifically induce a twofold increase in collagen V. RGTAs with different structures exert different modulating effects on the collagen phenotype. Selection of appropriate RGTAs, which had been shown to enhance in vivo tissue repair, may provide a mean of correcting collagen abnormalities in vascular disorders and more generally in fibrotic diseases.
Expectation propagation for approximate inference in dynamic bayesian networks (2002)

We describe expectation propagation for approximate inference in dynamic Bayesian networks as a natural extension of Pearl&apos;s exact belief propagation. Expectation propagation is a greedy algorithm, converges in many practical cases, but not always. We derive a double-loop algorithm, guaranteed to converge to a local minimum of a Bethe free energy. Furthermore, we show that stable fixed points of (damped) expectation propagation correspond to local minima of this free energy, but that the converse need not be the case. We illustrate the algorithms by applying them to switching linear dynamical systems and discuss implications for approximate inference in general Bayesian networks.
Parallelism in random access machines (1978)

A model of computation based on random access machines operating in parallel and sharing a common memory is presented. The computational power of this model is related to that of traditional models. In particular, deterministic parallel RAM's can accept in polynomial time exactly the sets accepted by polynomial tape bounded Turing machines; nondeterministic RAM's can accept in polynomial time exactly the sets accepted by nondeterministic exponential time bounded Turing machines. Similar results hold for other classes. The effect of limiting the size of the common memory is also considered.
Miniaturized Sensor Systems for Early Fire Detection in Spacecraft (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A fire in spacecraft or habitat supporting NASA's Exploration mission could jeopardize the system, mission, and/or crew. Given adequate measures for fire prevention, the hazard from a fire can be significantly reduced if fire detection is rapid and occurs in the early stages of fire development. The simultaneous detection of both particulate and gaseous products has been proven to rapidly detect fires and accurately distinguish between real fires and nuisance sources. This paper describes the development status of gaseous and particulate sensor elements, integrated sensor systems, and system testing. It is concluded that while development is still necessary, the fundamental approach of smart, miniaturized, multisensor technology has the potential to significantly improve the safety of NASA space exploration systems.</div>
Estimate status of roads:Using GPS Bus tracking data (2014)

Assess the traffic situation will be very good for finding the fastest route or avoid the traffic jam. In order to do so, we need to know the traffic situation on all the roads. Speed of the flow of vehicles on the road can be measured by number of vehicles go by a check point within a unit of time. This measurement shows the status of that road, a low value points out a jam and a high value let us know the road is clear. But in the case there are no private lanes for every kind of vehicles and vehicles are moving straggling, counting vehicles is difficult. Another method is monitoring the flows though camera traffic and make evaluation of the status. This also requires more staff and the evaluation is not continuously nor homogeneous. Nowadays, all buses are equipped with GPS real-time trackers which send their data of speed, location to the center control. In the case buses is moving together with other vehicles on a busy road, we assume that buses having an average speed that could represent the movements of other vehicles. Within a specific road, thereâre many buses go by within a period of time, making a specific set of speed data. From these sets, we can estimate average speed of this road. We also calculate the reliability of that result with some statistical functions. Furthermore, a huge amount of data sending to the center control is difficult for data processing. The system need to be designed in parallelism architecture for performance improving. The data will be divided by a receiver before they are sent to their sub-system for the estimation. After all, data collected day by day could be used to verify the current dayâs calculating. So that, an effective database design is the last but not least. Moreover, the data collected day by day will provide the behavior of the flow on a road. Which region usually have jam or when the roads will be more heavier can be known by review the estimate result in the past. So that, the GPS data from buses will be more useful if they are collected and processed together. This paper shows how to collect speed data from buses, make sets of data and from that estimate the status of roads. By comparison with other methods, we also verify the GPS data from buses is useful or not.
Passivation kinetics of two types of defects in polysilicon TFT by plasma hydrogenation (1991)

The effects and kinetics of hydrogen passivation on polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistors (poly-TFTs) are investigated. Based on the response of device parameters with the progress of hydrogenation, two types of defects can be distinguished from the difference in passivation rate. The threshold voltage and subthreshold slope, which are strongly influenced by the density of dangling bond midgap states, have a faster response to hydrogenation. The off-state leakage current and field-effect mobility, related to stain-bond tail states, respond more slowly to hydrogenation, with an onset period of approximately 4 to 12 h depending on the grain size. Since the larger-grain-size samples showed a longer onset period, the contribution of intragranular defects to the strain-bond tail states appears to be significant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cotunneling transport in ultra-narrow gold nanowire bundles (2013)

We investigate the charge transport in close-packed ultra-narrow (1.5 nm diameter) gold nanowires stabilized by oleylamine ligands. We give evidence of charging effects in the weakly coupled one-dimensional (1D) nanowires, monitored by the temperature and the bias voltage. At low temperature, in the Coulomb blockade regime, the current flow reveals an original cooperative multi-hopping process between 1D-segments of Au-NWs, minimising the charging energy cost. Above the Coulomb blockade threshold voltage and at high temperature, the charge transport evolves into a sequential tunneling regime between the nearestnanowires. Our analysis shows that the effective length of the Au-NWs inside the bundle is similar to the 1D localisation length of the electronic wave function (of the order of 120 nm ± 20 nm), but almost two orders of magnitude larger than the diameter of the nanowire. This result confirms the high structural quality of the Au-NW segments.