gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Transcriptional Co-activator p/CIP (NCoA-3) Is Up-regulated by STAT6 and Serves as a Positive Regulator of Transcriptional Activation by STAT6 (2004)

Transcriptional activation by signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) has been shown to require the direct interaction not only with co-activators such as p300 and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein-binding protein (CBP) but also with nuclear co-activator 1, a member of the p160/steroid receptor co-activator family. Among the p160/steroid receptor co-activators, only p/CIP (nuclear co-activator 3) has been shown to be up-regulated by interleukin (IL)-4 in B cells through a STAT-6-dependent mechanism using Gene-Chip analysis. In this study, we have investigated the function of p/CIP in the transcriptional activation by STAT6. We found that p/CIP indirectly interacted with STAT6 via p300, and overexpression of the CBP-interacting domain of p/CIP (p/CIP(947-1084)) prevented the interaction of p/CIP with STAT6 by blocking the binding of p/CIP to p300. Whereas expression of p/CIP(947-1084) resulted in a marked reduction of STAT6-mediated transactivation, overexpression of wild type p/CIP resulted in significant enhancement of it. In addition, p/CIP(947-1084) markedly reduced CD23 expression on B cells stimulated with IL-4, whereas overexpression of wild type p/CIP enhanced it. Chromatin immunoprecipitations demonstrate that IL-4 increases the interaction of p/CIP with the murine immunoglobulin heavy chain germ line epsilon promoter in B cells. These results suggest that p/CIP positively regulates STAT6 transcriptional activation through formation of a STAT6, p300/CBP, and p/CIP complex.
Lock-in thermography for characterization of nuclear materials (2016)

A simplified procedure of lock-in thermography was developed and applied for characterization of nuclear materials. The possibility of thickness and thermal diffusivity measurements with the accuracy better than 90% was demonstrated with different metals and Zircaloy-4 claddings.
Inkjet Printing of Well-Defined Polymer Dots and Arrays (2004)

Inkjet printing represents a highly promising polymer deposition method, which is used for, for example, the fabrication of multicolor polyLED displays and polymer-based electronics parts. The challenge is to print well-defined polymer structures from dilute solution. We have eliminated the formation of ring stains by printing nonvolatile acetophenone-based inks on a perfluorinated substrate using different polymers. (De)pinning of the contact line of the printed droplet, as related to the choice of solvent, is identified as the key factor that determines the shape of the deposit, whereas the choice of polymer is of minor importance. Adding 10 wt % or more of acetophenone to a volatile solvent (ethyl acetate)-based polymer solution changes the shape of the deposit from ring-like to dot-like, which may be due to the establishment of a solvent composition gradient. Arrays of closely spaced dots have also been printed. The size of the dots is considerably smaller than the nozzle diameter. This may prove a potential strategy for the inkjet printing of submicrometer structures.
Truncated power control in code division multiple access communications (2002)

We analyze the performance of truncated power control in a code division multiple access communication system. This power control scheme compensates for fading above a certain cutoff fade depth: below the cutoff level an outage is declared. We assume a channel with fast Rayleigh fading and slow, log-normal shadowing, where truncated power control is applied to the shadowing and a RAKE receiver combines the Rayleigh fading multipath components separated by more than a chip time. We investigate the power gain as well as the capacity gain of this power control scheme relative to conventional power control as a function of the outage probability. We find that truncated power control significantly increases the capacity relative to conventional power control, since less power is wasted compensating for deep fading conditions. It is also found that truncated power control is most effective for channels with large power fluctuations or large background noise. We then apply truncated power control to multimedia systems, where different traffic types have different performance requirements (e.g. outage probability, bit error rate, information rate, etc.) For these systems truncated power control can significantly reduce the required transmit power for each traffic type. We conclude by examining the effects of estimation error. For a log-normally distributed estimation error we find that capacity is reduced by a factor of e/sup -(M+1//spl sigma//sub e//sup 2b2/2)/, where /spl sigma//sub e/ is the standard deviation of the error, M is the number of paths in the RAKE receiver, and b=ln 10/10.
Efficient Deep Network Architectures for Fast Chest X-Ray Tuberculosis Screening and Visualization (2019)

Automated diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) from chest X-Rays (CXR) has been tackled with either hand-crafted algorithms or machine learning approaches such as support vector machines (SVMs) and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Most deep neural network applied to the task of tuberculosis diagnosis have been adapted from natural image classification. These models have a large number of parameters as well as high hardware requirements, which makes them prone to overfitting and harder to deploy in mobile settings. We propose a simple convolutional neural network optimized for the problem which is faster and more efficient than previous models but preserves their accuracy. Moreover, the visualization capabilities of CNNs have not been fully investigated. We test saliency maps and grad-CAMs as tuberculosis visualization methods, and discuss them from a radiological perspective.
Exclusive Th2 Primary Effector Function in Spleens but Mixed Th1/Th2 Function in Lymph Nodes of Murine Neonates (2000)

Recent studies have shown that neonatal mice are competent to develop mature, Ag-specific Th1 function in situ. However, under many conditions, Th2 responses dominate in the neonate, while Th1 responses are more prevalent in adults. To compare further the immune responses of neonates and adults, we used the enzyme-linked immunospot method to measure the frequencies of primary Th1/Th2 effectors generated in situ in the spleens and lymph nodes. As assessed by the detection of IFN-gamma- or IL-4-producing cells, adults developed mixed Th1/Th2 responses in both organs. Neonatal lymph nodes contained mature frequencies of IFN-gamma- and IL-4-producing cells. In striking contrast, while mature frequencies of Th2 cells developed in neonatal spleens, virtually no IFN-gamma-secreting cells were detected. Exclusive Th2 function was observed in both BALB/c and C57BL/6 neonates, strains in which the Th2 and Th1 lineages, respectively, are favored in adults. Although Th1 effectors were virtually undetectable, the addition of rIL-12 boosted the frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting cells to adult levels. Therefore, Th1 effectors apparently developed in situ, but Th1 effector function either was not promoted or was inhibited upon subsequent exposure to the Ag in culture. Together, these results indicate that the quality of a primary Th response in neonates is strongly dependent on the site of initial Ag exposure; responses initiated in the lymph nodes are mixed Th1/Th2, whereas responses occurring in the spleen are heavily Th2 biased.
Sum frequency generation in pure zinc-blende GaAs nanowires (2013)

Nonlinearity of semiconductor nanowires makes them potential frequency converters in nanoscale optoelectronics. Here we demonstrate that sum frequency generation signals can be acquired from GaAs nanowires when excited by a femtosecond laser at 1048 nm and a tunable optical parametric oscillator ranging from 1416 nm to 1770 nm. The SFG intensity is insensitive to the polarization but quite sensitive to the temporal overlap of incident lasers pulses. It is shown that they can work for pulse-width measurement of femtosecond lasers in the near infrared band. Our results suggest GaAs NWs to be excellent optical nonlinear mixers in nanoscale optoelectronics.
A chloroplast FKBP interacts with and affects the accumulation of Rieske subunit of cytochrome <i>bf</i> complex (2002)

Immunophilins are intracellular receptors of the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A, FK506, and rapamycin. Although all immunophilins possess peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity and are identified from a wide range of organisms, little is known about their cellular functions. We report the characterization and functional analysis of an FK506 and rapamycin-binding protein (AtFKBP13) from Arabidopsis. The AtFKBP13 protein is synthesized as a precursor that is imported into chloroplasts and processed to the mature form located in the thylakoid lumen, as shown by chloroplast import assays and Western blot analysis. Experiments show that AtFKBP13 is translocated across the thylakoid membrane by the DeltapH-dependent pathway. Yeast two-hybrid screening identified Rieske FeS protein, a subunit of the cytochrome bf complex in the photosynthetic electron transport chain, as an interacting partner for AtFKBP13. Both yeast two-hybrid and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays showed that the precursor, but not the mature form, of AtFKBP13 interacted with Rieske protein, suggesting that interaction between the two proteins occurs along the import pathway. When AtFKBP13 expression was suppressed by RNA interference method, the level of Rieske protein was significantly increased in the transgenic plants.
Chlorotrifluoroethylene oligomer based nonflammable hydraulic fluid. 1 Fluid, additive, and elastomer development (1992)

Abstract A chlorotrifluoroethylene (CTFE) based nonflammable hydraulic fluid for use in the −54 °C to 175 °C temperature range has been developed for use in future aircraft and armoured land vehicles to reduce fire losses and improve survivability. The desired flammability, chemical, and physical properties of a non‐ flammable hydraulic fluid were defined in the 1970s and extensive screening tests were performed to determine the best candidate nonflammable hydraulic fluid basestock. CTFE was selected because it had the best overall properties of all the candidates investigated. Structurelproperty correlation studies were conducted better to understand the behaviour capabilities and limitations of the CTFE basestock. Extensive research and development have been per‐ formed to develop soluble, effective antiwear and antirust additives to improve some of the critical properties of CTFE. A successful formulation utilising a stabilised zinc, containing corrosion inhibitor and a sulphonamide antiwear additive, has been developed which meets all temperature, lubricity, compatibility, and thermal stability requirements. Research was concurrently conducted to develop elastomers and seals compatible with the CTFE fluid. Several materials have been developed which are usable in somewhat limited applications and Viton GLT has been found to be successful for wide temperature range applications. This paper also discusses toxicity studies and results, environmental effects, future plans and applications, and the current military specification, MIL‐H‐53119.
Reactions of imidazoles with isocyanates at elevated temperature (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of imidazoles with isocyanates at elevated temperatureEleftherios P. PapadopoulosCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 24, 3925–3929Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00444a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00444a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1150Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Digital video broadcasting (1998)

A new kind of "wireless video" is currently entering consumers' homes-digital television. The term digital video broadcasting (DVB) is used as a synonym for digital television in many countries of the world. Whereas one may tend to think that digital television means just a new, digital, form of signal representation not necessarily affecting the information content of what one has always called TV, the truth is that digital television becomes multiple-channel data broadcasting. This article reviews some of the results of the work in the worldwide DVB Project and explains some of the fundamental concepts behind the work of this group. It then concentrates on the terrestrial transmission system (DVB-T) as one example of the many transmission technologies DVB has developed over the last few years. The COFDM modulation scheme which is a key ingredient of DVB-T is described in some detail. The performance of the system is presented. The use of DVB for data broadcasting and the accompanying return channel technologies are explained.
Convergent scheduling (2003)

Convergent scheduling is a general framework for cluster assignment and instruction scheduling on spatial architectures. A convergent scheduler is composed of independent passes, each implementing a heuristic that addresses a particular problem or constraint. The passes share a simple, common interface that provides spatial and temporal preference for each instruction. Preferences are not absolute; instead, the interface allows a pass to express the confidence of its preferences, as well as preferences for multiple space and time slots. A pass operates by modifying these preferences. By applying a series of passes that address all the relevant constraints, the convergent scheduler can produce a schedule that satisfies all the important constraints. Because all passes are independent and need to understand only one interface to interact with each other, convergent scheduling simplifies the problem of handling multiple constraints and co-developing different heuristics. We have applied convergent scheduling to two spatial architectures: the Raw processor and a clustered VLIW machine. It is able to successfully handle traditional constraints such as parallelism, load balancing, and communication minimization, as well as constraints due to preplaced instructions, which are instructions with predetermined cluster assignment. Convergent scheduling is able to obtain an average performance improvement of 21% over the existing space-time scheduler of the Raw processor, and an improvement of 14% over state-of-the-art assignment and scheduling techniques on a clustered VLIW architecture.
Fiber optic dynamic light scattering from concentrated dispersions 3: Particle sizing in concentrates (1990)

We describe measurements of particle size during the course of a latex emulsion polymerization reaction using fiber optic dynamic light scattering (FODLS). These measurements are compared to results from dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements performed in the usual way on diluted samples. It is shown that the FODLS measurements follow the DLS results and reliably track the growth of the latex particles throughout the reaction. It thus appears that the FODLS technique is useful for the measurement of particle size in highly concentrated samples, such as is found in latex production.
Regulation of murine <i>in vivo</i> lgG and lgE responses by a monoclonal anti-IL-4 receptor antibody (1991)

Although the cytokine interleukin 4 (IL-4) stimulates LPS-activated mouse B lymphocytes to secrete both IgG1 and IgE, an anti-IL-4 antibody completely inhibits IgE responses but has little or no effect on several in vivo IgG responses. IL-4 might, therefore, have a restricted role in the generation of in vivo humoral immune responses. Alternatively, IgG1 responses might be stimulated by IL-4 secreted by T cells that are interacting directly with B cells, so that anti-IL-4 antibody cannot neutralize IL-4 before it binds to a B cell IL-4 receptor. In contrast, an antibody that blocks the IL-4 receptor (IL-4R) should equally inhibit responses to IL-4 produced proximal to or distant from a B cell. This reasoning led us to determine the ability of an anti-IL-4R mAb to affect antibody production in mice injected with a goat antibody to mouse IgD (GaM delta) or inoculated with the nematode parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Anti-IL-4R mAb, like anti-IL-4 mAb, blocked IgE responses by greater than 95% and enhanced IgG2a responses to a variable extent. Anti-IL-4R mAb, however, had only a modest and variable inhibitory effect on the induction of IgG1 responses, although it caused these responses to terminate more rapidly. A combination of anti-IL-4 and anti-IL-4R mAbs totally blocked goat anti-mouse IgD antibody (GaM delta)-induced IgE production but had no additive inhibitory effect on IgG1 production. These observations are most consistent with the view that IL-4 is required for a primary IgE response, but has relatively little role in the induction of IgG1 responses in the in vivo systems studied.
Small Bowel Lengthening by Mechanical Distraction (1997)

To evaluate whether the small bowel can be distracted by mechanical stress in analogy to limb lengthening by osteodistraction, a gut-lengthening apparatus was designed. This distractor was placed at the antimesenterical side of a defined jejunum segment in rabbits. Distraction was performed by 1 mm lengthening of the distractor once daily using extracorporal screws. An effective gut lengthening was achieved of 9.9 +/- 0.5 mm (approximately 100%) within 3 weeks. Treated animals gained weight and remained in good general condition. Fasting plasma levels of cholecystokinin, neurotensin, glucagon-like peptide-1, gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and insulin remained unaffected. Postoperative factor XIII levels were significantly diminished and gastrin was elevated during gut distraction. DNA and protein concentrations in the mucosa of the distracted gut segments corresponded to controls. Mucosal lactase and saccharase activities were reduced. In the distracted bowel segments total tunica muscularis thickness was more than doubled due to muscle cell hypertrophy. In distracted segments villous width was increased. Detection of proliferating mucosal crypt cells utilizing BrdUrd labeling revealed no effects. In conclusion, small gut lengthening by mechanical distraction is possible without major changes in gut morphology. This technique may hint a novel experimental approach for the treatment of short bowel syndrome.
Learning-dependent neuronal activity in the premotor cortex: activity during the acquisition of conditional motor associations (1991)

It has been proposed that the premotor cortex plays a role in the selection of motor programs based on environmental context. To test this hypothesis, we recorded the activity of single neurons as monkeys learned visuomotor associations. The hypothesis predicts that task-related premotor cortical activity before learning should differ from that afterward. We found that a substantial population of premotor cortex neurons, over half of those adequately tested, showed the predicted learning-dependent changes in activity. The present findings support a role for premotor cortex in motor preparation, generally, and suggest a specific role in the selection of movements on the basis of arbitrary associations.
Electrically Silent Muscle Visible by Ultrasound (2012)

A 65-year-old woman with multiple chronic cranial neuropathies had spinal accessory innervated muscles that were virtually invisible to electromyography. Ultrasound imaging revealed the extensive atrophy and increased echogenicity that corresponded to the thinness of the muscles and their loss of insertional activity. In patients with severe atrophy of trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles, ultrasound may help in identify chronically denervated muscle.
A Short-Wave Infrared Nanoinjection Imager With 2500 A/W Responsivity and Low Excess Noise (2010)

We report on a novel nanoinjection-based short-wave infrared imager, which consists of InGaAs/GaAsSb/InAlAs/InP-based nanoinjection detectors with internal gain. The imager is 320×256 pixels with a 30-m pixel pitch. The test pixels show responsivity values in excess of 2500 A/W, indicating generation of more than 2000 electrons/photon with high quantum efficiency. This amplification is achieved at complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible, subvolt bias. The measured excess noise factor F of the hybridized imager pixels is around 1.5 at the responsivity range 1500 to 2000 A/W. The temperature behavior of the internal dark current of the imager pixels is also studied from 300 to 77 K. The presented results show, for the first time, that the nanoinjection mechanism can be implemented in imagers to provide detector-level internal amplification, while maintaining low noise levels and CMOS compatibility.
Ionoluminescence: A New Tool for Nuclear Microprobes in Geology (1994)

When an ion beam in the energy range of a few MeV/amu impacts on a mineral, visible light can often be observed. This light, induced by energetic ions, is termed ionoluminescence (IL). The intensity and wavelength of the ionoluminescent light provide information concerning the nature of luminescence centers, such as trace substituents and structural defects, found in the mineral. This makes IL a useful complement to other methods of ion beam analysis (IBA), such as particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) and Rutherford backscattering (RBS), in characterizing geological samples. In the present study, a proton or alpha particle beam was used for the IL excitation and IBA with a nuclear microprobe. The results obtained with IL were compared with those of cathodoluminescence (CL) and photoluminescence (PL).
Growth and Characterization of Cubic SiC Single‐Crystal Films on Si (1987)

Morphological and electrical characterization results are presented for cubic films grown by chemical vapor deposition on single‐crystal Si substrates. The films, up to 40 μm thick, were characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron channeling, surface profilometry, and Hall measurements. A variety of morphological features observed on the films are described. Electrical measurements showed a decrease in the electron mobility with increasing electron carrier concentration, similar to that observed in Si. Room temperature electron mobilities up to 520 cm2/V‐s (at an electron carrier concentration of ) were measured. Finally, a number of parameters believed to be important in the growth process were investigated and some discussion is given of their possible effects on the film characteristics.
Kupffer Cells Promote Hepatic Steatosis Via Interleukin-1β–Dependent Suppression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Activity (2009)

Our data point toward important cross-talk between Kupffer cells and hepatocytes in the regulation of hepatic triglyceride storage. The effect of Kupffer cells on liver triglycerides are at least partially mediated by IL-1beta, which suppresses PPARalpha expression and activity.