gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of resin chemistry on a dental composite's biodegradation (2004)

Previous work reported that commercial dental composite resins containing a urethane-modified bisGMA (bisphenylglycidyl dimethacrylate)/TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (ubis) based monomer system showed a 10-fold reduction in the release of a bisGMA-derived product, bishydroxypropoxyphenyl propane (bisHPPP), as compared with that found for bisGMA/TEGDMA (bis) based composites after incubation with cholesterol esterase (CE). Unfortunately, these materials also differed substantially in filler type and content, making it impossible to directly relate any specific parameter to the differences in biodegradation levels. By controlling for filler content and type, the current study will seek to probe the biomolecular interactions between composite resin chemistry and esterase activity in order to help explain the observed differences in biodegradation levels between the ubis and bis resin systems. After 32 days of incubation, buffer and CE solutions were analyzed for degradation products using high-performance liquid chromatography, UV spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Both materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. In the CE groups, the ubis system showed a 2.6- to 86-fold reduction (dependent on the product) in the amount of isolated products relative to the bis system (p < 0.01). Scanning electron microscopy data also demonstrated the relative stability of the ubis system and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed a higher content of the ester bond at the surface of the bis samples. Fourier transform infrared data showed that both resins had similar conversions. Because both systems were identical except for their monomer systems, it was concluded that changes in biostability were associated with chemistry. Crosslinking, hydrophobicity, and solubility all relate to ubis's pro-stability.
Cyclin D1 Overexpression Induces Progestin Resistance in T-47D Breast Cancer Cells Despite p27Kip1 Association with Cyclin E-Cdk2 (2001)

Long-term growth inhibition, arrest in G(1) phase and reduced activity of both cyclin D1-Cdk4 and cyclin E-Cdk2 are elicited by progestin treatment of breast cancer cells in culture. Decreased cyclin expression, induction of p18(INK4c) and increased association of the CDK inhibitors p21(WAF1/Cip1) and p27(Kip1) with cyclin E-Cdk2 have been implicated in these responses. To determine the role of decreased cyclin expression, T-47D human breast cancer cells constitutively expressing cyclin D1 or cyclin E were treated with the progestin ORG 2058. Overexpression of cyclin E had only a modest effect on growth inhibition. Although cyclin E expression was maintained during progestin treatment, cyclin E-Cdk2 activity decreased by approximately 60%. This was accompanied by p27(Kip1) association with cyclin E-Cdk2, indicating that both cyclin E down-regulation and p27(Kip1) recruitment contribute to the decrease in activity. In contrast, overexpression of cyclin D1 induced progestin resistance and cell proliferation continued despite decreased cyclin E-Cdk2 activity. Progestin treatment of cyclin D1-overexpressing cells was associated with increased p27(Kip1) association with cyclin E-Cdk2. Thus the ability of cyclin D1 to confer progestin resistance does not depend on sequestration of p27(Kip1) away from cyclin E-Cdk2, providing evidence for a critical function of cyclin D1 other than as a high-capacity "sink" for p27(Kip1). These data indicate that regulation of cyclin D1 is a critical element of progestin inhibition in breast cancer cells and suggest that breast cancers overexpressing cyclin D1 may respond poorly to progestin therapy.
Breakdown Probability of a Low Pressure Gas Discharge (1949)

The probability distribution of the number of electrons in an "avalanche" in a low pressure gas discharge is calculated and the result applied to the calculation of the breakdown probability. Under some simplifying assumptions the probability ${P}_{0}$ that the avalanche caused by one initial electron, liberated from the cathode, leads to breakdown is found to be ${{P}_{0},=1\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{q} ,\mathrm{if} q>1}{{P}_{0},=0 ,\mathrm{if} q<1}$in which $q=\ensuremath{\gamma}(\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{\int}{0}^{d}\ensuremath{\alpha}({x}^{\ensuremath{'}})d{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}]\ensuremath{-}1)$ is the average number of secondary electrons liberated at the cathode as a result of the avalanche of the initial electron. The calculation has been generalized to the case that the initial electron is liberated in the gas. Finally the relation between the breakdown probability ${P}_{0}$ and the statistical distribution of sparking time lags is discussed.
Bio-inspired color sketch for eco-friendly printing (2011)

Saving of toner/ink consumption is an important task in modern printing devices. It has a positive ecological and social impact. We propose technique for converting print-job pictures to a recognizable and pleasant color sketches. Drawing a "pencil sketch" from a photo relates to a special area in image processing and computer graphics - non-photorealistic rendering. We describe a new approach for automatic sketch generation which allows to create well-recognizable sketches and to preserve partly colors of the initial picture. Our sketches contain significantly less color dots then initial images and this helps to save toner/ink. Our bio-inspired approach is based on sophisticated edge detection technique for a mask creation and multiplication of source image with increased contrast by this mask. To construct the mask we use DoG edge detection, which is a result of blending of initial image with its blurred copy through the alpha-channel, which is created from Saliency Map according to Pre-attentive Human Vision model. Measurement of percentage of saved toner and user study proves effectiveness of proposed technique for toner saving in eco-friendly printing mode.
Genome sequence analyses of two isolates from the recent Escherichia coli outbreak in Germany reveal the emergence of a new pathotype: Entero-Aggregative-Haemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EAHEC) (2011)

The genome sequences of two Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains derived from two different patients of the 2011 German E. coli outbreak were determined. The two analyzed strains were designated E. coli GOS1 and GOS2 (German outbreak strain). Both isolates comprise one chromosome of approximately 5.31 Mbp and two putative plasmids. Comparisons of the 5,217 (GOS1) and 5,224 (GOS2) predicted protein-encoding genes with various E. coli strains, and a multilocus sequence typing analysis revealed that the isolates were most similar to the entero-aggregative E. coli (EAEC) strain 55989. In addition, one of the putative plasmids of the outbreak strain is similar to pAA-type plasmids of EAEC strains, which contain aggregative adhesion fimbrial operons. The second putative plasmid harbors genes for extended-spectrum β-lactamases. This type of plasmid is widely distributed in pathogenic E. coli strains. A significant difference of the E. coli GOS1 and GOS2 genomes to those of EAEC strains is the presence of a prophage encoding the Shiga toxin, which is characteristic for enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains. The unique combination of genomic features of the German outbreak strain, containing characteristics from pathotypes EAEC and EHEC, suggested that it represents a new pathotype Entero-Aggregative-Haemorrhagic E scherichia c oli (EAHEC).
A clinical study to assess chlorpromazine as hypoxic cell sensitizer in head & neck cancer treated with conventional radiation. (1998)

A randomized prospective study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of chlorpromazine as a sensitizer of radiation in advanced head and neck cancers. Patients with unresectable laryngopharyngeal cancers except glottic cancers, with histologically proven squamous cell carcinoma staged III and IV were accrued for the study. Patients received radiation to a total dose of 6000 cGy in six weeks in both the groups except that patients in the study group received 50 mgs Chlorpromazine (CPZ) in divided doses. Fourteen of 20 patients showed complete response in the control group whereas 34 of 38 patients in chlorpromazine treated group had complete regression of the tumour (p = 0.016). The survival was (p = 0.08) better in patients receiving CPZ. This preliminary study shows beneficial effects of chlorpromazine. No adverse effects due to chlorpromazine in conjunction with radiation were documented.
Enhancing Recovery in Shales Through Stimulation of Pre-Existing Fracture Networks (2014)

Abstract Microseismic monitoring has become an attractive option for tracking hydraulic fracture stimulations because, unlike most other monitoring techniques, it can illuminate the behavior of fractures away from treatment wells. However, in most cases, the potential for microseismics in terms of developing an overall picture of fracture interactions within the reservoir is not fully exploited. Based on the analysis of microseismicity associated with stimulations in naturally fractured shale reservoirs, we illustrate how, using advanced seismic signal analysis techniques, namely seismic moment tensor inversion (SMTI) approaches, we can stimulate a pre-existing fracture network. As well, we can identify: 1) the failure type, such as shear or tensile failure associated with rough fracture surfaces, 2) the fracture connectivity related to the number of intersecting fractures in a volume, 3) the fracture intensity based on the developed fracture lengths per volume, 4) the fluid flow pathways and enhanced fluid flow volume as related to the relative degree of open fractures, and 5) the distribution of fracture lengths (power law distribution). Based on our analysis, we identify that most failures observed are mixed-mode failures, typically shear-tensile with either crack opening or crack closure components of failure. The fractures themselves are generally related to the failure of pre-existing natural fractures rather than in the creation of new fractures. Based on the finite sampling (bandwidth limitations), fracture sizes are limited to joint lengths and follow a power law distribution. By examining the spatial and temporal behavior of opening dominated failures, maps of over-lapping zones of potential enhanced fluid flow were identified. In many ways, stress induced fractures during single stages prepared the reservoir for subsequent stages that overall enhanced the interconnectivity and complexity of fractures thereby enhancing fluid flow opportunities. We further discuss, as outlined in these case studies, how, using SMTI, the microseismic data show that the stimulation program as designed achieved its objectives. Overall, we further suggest that these defined seismic parameters can then be used to refine, validate and constrain geomechanical models used as input to reservoir models and further optimize well and stage spacing to effectively drain a reservoir and provide better defined reserve estimates.
The Next Generation Blowing Agents: From One Single Product to a Product Range (1999)

In the context of the HCFC-141b phase out, the two candidates HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa have been selected over the last few years, as reported in previous papers. Since our last presentation, a lot of work has been performed to increase our knowledge of these new products and to study their behavior in various applications. Although HFC-365mfc and HFC-245fa are promising candidates, a single HFC blowing agent cannot match all the outstanding characteristics of traditional fluorocarbon blowing agents: right boiling point, non flammability, cost effectiveness..., to name but a few. It is very unlikely that a single blowing agent will cover all the future needs of the polyurethane industry. Such a trend is already seen today with at least seven physical blowing agents finding commercial applications in the different sectors of the industry (HCFC-141b, HCFC-22/HCFC-142b, HFC-134a, cyclopentane, pentane or isopentane). The main reason why HFC blowing agents will be used in the future is their ability to give foams with optimized thermal conductivity. However, because of possible condensation phenomena at low temperature for relatively high boiling blowing agents, the rating of different blowing agents is a function of temperature. We have now measured foam thermal conductivity over the temperature range between -20°C and +45°C for several blowing agents, including HFC-245fa, HFC-365mfc, pentane isomers and blends thereof. Included in this study are the newly discovered low boiling azeotropes of HFC-365mfc with all three pentane isomers. In this paper, we will especially show that the evolution of thermal conductivity with temperature can be a very good selection criteria to find the most appropriate blend for a specific application.
Phosphorylation Of Proteins In Plants: Regulatory Effects And Potential Involvement In Stimulus/Response Coupling (1987)

Crop loss due to soil salinization is an increasing threat to agriculture worldwide. This review provides an overview of cellular and physiological mechanisms in plant responses to salt. We place cellular responses in a time- and tissue-dependent context ...Read More
Neuronal development and migration in explant cultures of the adult canary forebrain (1990)

The vocal control nucleus (HVc) of the songbird forebrain undergoes neurogenesis in adulthood, as ventricular zone precursor cells divide, and their daughter cells migrate into the subjacent forebrain and differentiate into neurons. A procedure is now described by which the migration and development of these new neurons can be directly observed in vitro, in explant cultures of the adult canary forebrain. Cultured explants have yielded extensive outgrowth of new neurons from 2 neurogenic regions of the adult songbird brain: the HVc and its adjacent dorsomediocaudal neostriatum. Immunocytochemically identified neurons were determined by 3H-thymidine autoradiography to have been newly generated in vivo, in the days preceding explantation. These cells were immunoreactive for a variety of neuron-selective antigens, including MAP-1B, MAP-2, neuron-specific enolase, synaptic vesicle protein-2, N-CAM, and the tetanus toxin and A2B5 ligands. Combined immunostaining and autoradiography of cultures derived from HVcs exposed to 3H-thymidine in vivo revealed a population of newly generated, MAP-2/3H-thymidine-positive neurons. The neurons identified in these adult explant outgrowths comprised new, recently generated postmitotic cells which had arisen in the neostriatal ventricular zone and were in the early stages of their parenchymal migration at the time of tissue explantation. Accordingly, nonneurogenic control regions, including the anterior hyperstriatum, cerebellum, and optic tectum, did not display neuronal outgrowth in culture. Only forebrain regions exhibiting neurogenesis in vivo manifested neuronal outgrowth and maturation in vitro.
Finite Difference Approximation for Two-Dimensional Time Fractional Diffusion Equation (2007)

Fractional diffusion equations have recently been used to model problems in physics, hydrology, biology and other areas of application. In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional time fractional diffusion equation (2D-TFDE) on a finite domain. An implicit difference approximation for the 2D-TFDE is presented. Stability and convergence of the method are discussed using mathematical induction. Finally, a numerical example is given. The numerical result is in excellent agreement with our theoretical analysis.
Megestrol acetate therapy for advanced breast cancer. (1985)

One hundred twenty-four patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with 40 mg of megestrol acetate four times daily. Complete responses (CR) or partial responses (PR) were seen in 29 patients (23%). CR, PR, or stable disease (S) was seen in 80 patients (65%). The median duration of response was 22 months for CR and PR and ten months for S. A significantly higher response rate (CR + PR) was seen in estrogen-receptor-positive (ER-positive) patients (26%) and in patients who had not received prior therapy (39%). A significant relationship to response could not be established for menopausal status, progesterone-receptor (PrR) status, dominant site of disease, or prior administration of chemotherapy. Median survival was 66+ months for responders, 35 months for patients with stable disease, and 9 months for nonresponders. These differences are all statistically significant (P less than .001). Toxicity was minimal, and side effects consisted primarily of weight gain, which was seen in 18 patients (14.5%). Megestrol acetate can provide effective palliation in patients with advanced breast cancer.
Effects of Insulin and Glucose Tolerance Factor on Glucose Uptake by Yeast Cells (1994)

Addition of mammalian insulin or glucose tolerance factor (GTF), to Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 7752, increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake by yeast cells. The enhancement was dose-dependent, and also dependent on preincubation of the cells with glucose, prior to the addition of the hormone. The effect of insulin on glucose uptake by the yeast was very similar to the effect of GTF on these cells. Insulin and GTF increased also the growth of yeast cells, while denatured insulin or glucagon failed to act. Our findings support the view that both insulin and GTF might regulate carbohydrate metabolism in microorganisms.
Initial evaluation and follow-up of acute radiation syndrome in two patients from the Dakar accident (2009)

The aim of this work was to evaluate and follow up the evolution of radiation damage in two victims of a radiation accident. Blood samples were used for cytogenetic evaluation of radiation dose and heterogeneity. The radiation dose estimates were 1 Gy and 2.3 Gy in the two most exposed patients. Plasma was used for the measurement of the Flt3 ligand as a marker of haematopoietic aplasia, citrulline for damage to the jejunal mucosal epithelium and oxysterols for damage to the liver, the central nervous system and the vascular compartment. The use of these biological indicators demonstrated the presence of a haematopoietic syndrome and suggested the presence of subclinical radiation-induced damage to the liver in one of the two patients. These results support the interest in using these biological indicators in order to evaluate radiation damage, especially in complex accidental situations.
HEATSMART: An interactive application aware thermal management framework for MPSoC embedded systems (2011)

Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) is emerging as an integral component in embedded systems, such as mobile phones, PDAs, handheld medical devices, etc. Due to its immense processing power and incumbent hardware resources the users are able to execute multiple concurrent applications. The more applications the MPSoC executes the more heat it dissipates. Such eminent heat dissipation damages the device and induces faults, causing a shorter life span. Thus, thermal aware designs are of utmost important for durable and dependable embedded devices. The MPSoC could potentially control and manage the heat dissipation using techniques such as computation migration. However, this would be based on the operational behavior of the hardware, but not on the behavior of the applications mapped and executed on the hardware. We propose an interactive temperature management where the users are allowed to provide inputs to effectively manage the heat dissipation and at the same time are able to operate the applications according to their will. We propose and demonstrate a formal design methodology to assist the people involved during the design process.
Publish/subscribe gateway for voice communication (2013)

Currently, one trend in network research is to revise the architecture of the present Internet, from “Host-Centric Networking” to a new concept called “Information-Centric Networking (ICN)”. One of the ongoing projects in this field is PURSUIT, which uses the publish/subscribe paradigm as a basic communication model. In this paper we propose a novel design of a gateway which connects IP and PURSUIT publish/subscribe networks together, enabling their co-existence during an IP to pub/sub migration phase, for example. We focus on the gateway's mechanism to transparently convert IP-based end-to-end traffic to the publish/subscribe based, and vice versa, in order to support voice communication using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). In addition, we describe our prototype implementation, evaluate the system's performance, and finally compare the call setup efficiency between IP and pub/sub networks.
Antistatische Eigenschaften von Pyrrolidinium-, Morpholinium- und Pyridinium-Chloriden mit Alkoxymethylund Alkylthiomethylrest/ Antistatic Properties of Pyrrolidinium-, Morpholinium and Pyridinium Chlorides with Alkoxy Methyl and Alkyl Thiomethyl Radicals (1993)

Article Antistatische Eigenschaften von Pyrrolidinium-, Morpholinium- und Pyridinium-Chloriden mit Alkoxymethylund Alkylthiomethylrest/ Antistatic Properties of Pyrrolidinium-, Morpholinium and Pyridinium Chlorides with Alkoxy Methyl and Alkyl Thiomethyl Radicals was published on September 1, 1993 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 30, issue 5).
The Significance of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase in Immunity (1974)

SUMMARY The neuraminidase of the Rostock strain of fowl plague virus (FPV) was found to be serologically closely related to the enzyme of swine influenza virus, whereas the haemagglutinins were distinct. When chickens were immunized with the apathogenic swine influenza virus, they were fully protected against an infection with the highly pathogenic FPV which killed non-immunized birds within 2 days. These experiments provide conclusive evidence that a protective capacity can also be attributed to the neuraminidase of influenza viruses.
Image processing system for traffic measurement (2002)

The authors provide details of the system architecture and algorithm of an image processing system applied to traffic measurement. This traffic measurement system is based on an image processing technique for video pictures. This development has achieved good cost-performance systems due to falling costs for image processing hardware with powerful computation. The authors have developed some operational systems for practical use, such as a traffic flow measurement system, an automatic stopped vehicle detection system, an automatic license plate reader for measurement of travel time, and an illegal parking monitoring system. The customized hardware and algorithm which are suitable for each system are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Levantamento e distribuição das espécies de Teredinidae (Mollusca - Bivalvia) no manguezal da Praia Dura, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil (1993)

Realizou-se o levantamento e estudou-se a distribuição das espécies de Teredinidae no manguezal da Praia Dura, Ubatuba, São Paulo, Brasil. Investigou-se a abundância das espécies nas regiões mais em contato freqüente com a água e as menos atingidas pelas preamares. Determinou-se, também, a distribuição das espécies ao longo do Rio Escuro, segundo um gradiente decrescente de salinidade: Nausitora fusticula foi a espécie mais abundante ao longo do Rio Comprido, demonstrando que esta espécie está bem adaptada a região entremarés e a grande variação de salinidade (0 a 33 S). Na área do bosque em maior contato com a água N fusticula é encontrada com Bankiafimbriatula, B. gouldi e B. rochi e, nas áreas menos atingidas pelas preamares, divide o ambiente com Neoteredo reynei, ocorrendo poucos indivíduos das espécies de Banida já mencionadas. O limite máximo da ocorrência de Teredinidae no Rio Comprido, correspondeu ao limite máximo da penetração da água do mar durante as preamares. Nas áreas menos salinas do rio, praticamente deixam de ocorrer todas as espécies de Banida e Neoteredo reynei, começando a surgir Psiloteredo healdi, com quem N. fusticula passa a dividir o ambiente, sendo posteriormente dominada por aquela.