gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why Target PIM1 for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment? (2010)

The highly conserved proto-oncogenic protein PIM1 is an unusual serine or threonine kinase, in part because it is constitutively active. Overexpression of PIM1 experimentally leads to tumor formation in mice, while complete knockout of the protein has no observable phenotype. It appears to contribute to cancer development in three major ways when it is overexpressed; by inhibiting apoptosis, by promoting cell proliferation and by promoting genomic instability. Expression in normal tissues is nearly undetectable. However, in hematopoietic malignancies and in a variety of solid tumors, increased PIM1 expression has been shown to correlate with the stage of disease. This characteristic suggests it can serve as a useful biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Several specific and potent inhibitors of PIM1’s kinase activity have also been shown to induce apoptotic death of cancer cells, to sensitize cancer cells to chemotherapy and to synergize with other anti-tumor agents, thus making it an attractive therapeutic target.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYLATION OF FERROCENE. I. REACTION OF FERROCENE WITH ETHYLENECHLOROHYDRIN AND DIBROMOETHANE (1983)

Abstract Ferrocen (I) bildet mit Dibromethan (II) in Gegenwart von AlCl 3 /NaBH4 ein Gemisch der literaturbekannten Alkylferrocene (IV)‐(VII).
Metronomic oral cyclophosphamide (CPM) and prednisolone in elderly patients (pts) with inoperable or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma (STS). (2010)

10065 Background: Conventional doxorubicin-containing chemotherapy regimen may be at risk in elderly STS pts. We assessed the feasibility of treating these pts with metronomic CPM, an attractive regimen characterized by easy oral intake for outpatients, and an original mechanism of action combining immunomodulation and antiangiogenic action. Methods: Elderly (> 65 years) pts with inoperable or metastatic STS unfit for conventional therapy, treated between January 2001 and December 2009 received CPM 100 mg bid and prednisolone 20 mg daily, the first week of a 2-week cycle. Main evaluation criterion was safety. Secondary evaluation criteria were RR, PFS and OS. Results: Twenty-six pts (6 males, median age: 72 years, range 66-88) received a total of 330 cycles (median per pt: 10, range 2-41) as first- (n=19) or second-line (n=7) chemotherapy. Median PS was 2 (range: 1-3), and 77% of pts had a baseline creatinine clearance < 60 ml/min. The most frequent histological subtypes were poorly differenciated STS (8), leiomyosarcoma (5), liposarcoma (5) and angiosarcoma (n = 3). Six sarcomas arose in a pre-irradiated field. Seventeen tumours (65.4%) were grade 3 sarcomas according to the FNCLCC grading system. Clinical and biological toxicity profile was favourable, with only 8% of grade 3 anaemia and thrombocytopenia. A grade 3 lymphopenia was observed in 80% .No other grade 3-4 toxicity was seen. The control rate (CR + PR + SD) was 69.2% (95%CI: 51.5–87.0) including 1 CR (hepatic epithelioid hemangio-endothelioma), 6 PR and 11 SD (≥12 weeks). Interestingly 5 PR were observed in radiation- induced sarcomas. The median PFS was 6.8 months (range 0 to 20.6 months. PFS was significantly longer in patients with radiation-induced sarcomas (median: 7.8 vs. 5.2 months, p = 0.02). Median OS was 14.1 months (1.2-30.4). Conclusions: Despite a high-risk profile for toxicities, elderly pts could tolerate and benefit from this regimen, with unusual responses in pts with radiation- induced sarcoma. A larger, prospective study is warranted to confirm these findings in elderly STS pts. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaMar Novartis, Pfizer, PharmaMar
The phytoavailability of potassium to small grains as influenced by edaphic and environmental factors (2015)

Soil characteristics and rhizosphere conditions greatly influence plant available potassium (K).Research in Montana has shown crop response to K fertilizers on soils testing high in ammonium acetate extractable K (Kex).The objective of this research was to use an in-vitro technique to determine: (1) plant available K on Montana soils and its relation to soil properties; (2) the influence of temperature and water potential on K uptake; and (3) the influence of K additions on plant available K. Soil characteristics which were found to be strongly related to plant available K (R2 0.93) are: clay content, Kex diffusion gradient coefficient, and cation exchange capacity.Spring wheat in these studies utilized a portion of Kex, but quantities differed across soils.This data suggests that spring wheat utilizes significant quantities of soil K from nonexchangeable and K-mineral sources.Spring wheat K uptake increased exponentially with temperature with little or no K absorbed at 8C.Water potentials alone had little influence on K uptake.The interaction with temperature suggests that K uptake was not limited by water potential (water content) until temperature exceeded 16C.Thus until spring wheat K demand reached a critical K demand K uptake was not limited by water potential.Potassium additions increased spring wheat K uptake nonuniformly across soils.Greatest K uptake occurred on the Kevin soil and the least on the Beaverton.Data on soil rhizosphere Kex indicated K additions enhanced the availability of Kex supplies in the near rhizosphere (0 -0.5 mm).Soil Kex flux data indicated that K additions did not necessarily increase Kex utilization.
Rapid eye movement sleep measures of Alzheimer's-type dementia patients and optimally healthy aged individuals. (1984)

It has been suggested that rapid eye movement (REM) sleep measures may be useful in the differential diagnosis of affective disorders. To determine what changes, if any, of REM measures occur in Alzheimer's dementia we examined the REM sleep of nine control and nine mild, nine moderate, and nine severe dementia subjects with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD). Control and mild and moderate AD groups were screened to exclude major depression. REM latency, REM time, REM activity, and REM density were examined. Results indicated that REM sleep measures are minimally affected by mild dementia. None of the REM sleep variables reported here successfully discriminated mild AD subjects from controls. However, REM time and REM latency were significantly affected in later stages of dementia. Total time in REM and REM latency successfully classified control and moderate-severe AD patients. In addition, the pattern of REM density across the night was also affected by severity of dementia. The results of this study, when compared to published REM measure findings in major depression, indicate that with proper cautions REM sleep measures may prove useful in the differential diagnosis of dementia and depression in geriatric patient populations.
Calculating potentials of mean force from steered molecular dynamics simulations (2004)

Steered molecular dynamics (SMD) permits efficient investigations of molecular processes by focusing on selected degrees of freedom. We explain how one can, in the framework of SMD, employ Jarzynski's equality (also known as the nonequilibrium work relation) to calculate potentials of mean force (PMF). We outline the theory that serves this purpose and connects nonequilibrium processes (such as SMD simulations) with equilibrium properties (such as the PMF). We review the derivation of Jarzynski's equality, generalize it to isobaric--isothermal processes, and discuss its implications in relation to the second law of thermodynamics and computer simulations. In the relevant regime of steering by means of stiff springs, we demonstrate that the work on the system is Gaussian-distributed regardless of the speed of the process simulated. In this case, the cumulant expansion of Jarzynski's equality can be safely terminated at second order. We illustrate the PMF calculation method for an exemplary simulation and demonstrate the Gaussian nature of the resulting work distribution.
Is a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall possible? (2001)

Abstract An Erratum has been published for this article in Hydrological Processes 15 (12) 2001, 2381–2382. Applications of the ideas gained from fractal theory to characterize rainfall have been one of the most exciting areas of research in recent times. The studies conducted thus far have nearly unanimously yielded positive evidence regarding the existence of fractal behaviour in rainfall. The studies also revealed the insufficiency of the mono‐fractal approaches to characterizing the rainfall process in time and space and, hence, the necessity for multi‐fractal approaches. The assumption behind multi‐fractal approaches for rainfall is that the variability of the rainfall process could be directly modelled as a stochastic (or random) turbulent cascade process, since such stochastic cascade processes were found to generically yield multi‐fractals. However, it has been observed recently that multi‐fractal approaches might provide positive evidence of a multi‐fractal nature not only in stochastic processes but also in, for example, chaotic processes. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the presence of both chaotic and fractal behaviours in the rainfall process to consider the possibility of using a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. For this purpose, daily rainfall data observed at the Leaf River basin in Mississippi are studied, and only temporal analysis is carried out. The autocorrelation function, the power spectrum, the empirical probability distribution function, and the statistical moment scaling function are used as indicators to investigate the presence of fractal, whereas the presence of chaos is investigated by employing the correlation dimension method. The results from the fractal identification methods indicate that the rainfall data exhibit multi‐fractal behaviour. The correlation dimension method yields a low dimension, suggesting the presence of chaotic behaviour. The existence of both multi‐fractal and chaotic behaviours in the rainfall data suggests the possibility of a chaotic multi‐fractal approach for rainfall characterization. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the usefulness of content addressable storage for high-performance data intensive applications (2008)

Content Addressable Storage (CAS) is a data representation technique that operates by partitioning a given data-set into non-intersecting units called chunks and then employing techniques to efficiently recognize chunks occurring multiple times. This allows CAS to eliminate duplicate instances of such chunks, resulting in reduced storage space compared to conventional representations of data. CAS is an attractive technique for reducing the storage and network bandwidth needs of performance-sensitive, data-intensive applications in a variety of domains. These include enterprise applications, Web-based e-commerce or entertainment services and highly parallel scientific/engineering applications and simulations, to name a few.
On time delay estimation involving received signals (1984)

The estimation of time delay between two received signals is reexamined for the three basic approaches to this problem: 1) phase data, 2) generalized cross correlation, and 3) parameter estimation. For a simple delay problem with short data lengths, arguments are presented to refute the claim that the parameter estimation approach is superior to the usual cross-correlation method. Special consideration is given to the more complex problem of estimating the time delay when signals are received through transmitting media with unknown transfer functions. Although the phase data and cross-correlation methods would generally yield biased estimates in this case, it is verified that positivity and monotonicity of the media impulse response functions are sufficient conditions to assure an unbiased cross-correlation estimate when the source signal is a white process. The problem is then reformulated as a parameter estimation problem, and comparison is made with the simpler generalized cross-correlation method using time limited data.
Enhancement of Emission Efficiency in Electroluminescent Diode Utilizing Vapor-Deposited Poly(alkylfluorene) (1993)

An electroluminescent diode utilizing vapor-deposited poly(alkylfluorene) has been demonstrated. Efficiency of electroluminescence has been increased by using vapor deposition of poly(alkylfluorene) as an emitting layer. A three layered structure of poly(alkylfluorene) diode has been fabricated using the vapor deposition technique. The energy band diagram is discussed for the layered structure of the diode.
Cover Picture: Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 13/2002 (2002)

The cover picture shows benzoborirene, the product of the crossed-molecular-beam reaction between benzene molecules and boron atoms, displayed above the three-dimensional plot of the angular- and translational-energy-dependent flux of the benzoborirene molecules in the center-of-mass system. As the reaction conditions preclude secondary collisions, the intermediate initially formed from the reactive collision decays by ejection of a hydrogen atom. The structure of the benzoborirene depicted is based on a DFT computation, which, combined with results of highly accurate coupled-cluster calculations has been used to assign the reaction product by comparing experimental and theoretical reaction energies. Details are described by R. I. Kaiser and H. F. Bettinger on p. 2350 ff.
Krízový manažment a krízové plánovanie (2013)

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Anotácia:</strong> Príspevok je venovaný dopadom hospodárskej krízy na podnikateľské subjekty a rozhodovaniu manažmentu podnikov v krízových situáciách. Charakterizuje prejavy krízy v priemyselnej výrobe SR, identifikuje hlavné oblasti prejavov krízy v ekonomike podniku. Venuje sa úlohe a metódam krízového manažmentu a krízového plánovania pri eliminácii dopadov krízy. Osobitnú pozornosť venuje aj riadeniu ľudských zdrojov v krízových situáciách.</p>\n<strong>Kľúčové slová:</strong> krízový manažment, krízové plánovanie, štíhla organizácia, redukcia ľudských zdrojov
Amino acid starvation induces reactivation of silenced transgenes and latent HIV-1 provirus via down-regulation of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) (2012)

The epigenetic silencing of exogenous transcriptional units integrated into the genome represents a critical problem both for long-term gene therapy efficacy and for the eradication of latent viral infections. We report here that limitation of essential amino acids, such as methionine and cysteine, causes selective up-regulation of exogenous transgene expression in mammalian cells. Prolonged amino acid deprivation led to significant and reversible increase in the expression levels of stably integrated transgenes transcribed by means of viral or human promoters in HeLa cells. This phenomenon was mediated by epigenetic chromatin modifications, because histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors reproduced starvation-induced transgene up-regulation, and transcriptome analysis, ChIP, and pharmacological and RNAi approaches revealed that a specific class II HDAC, namely HDAC4, plays a critical role in maintaining the silencing of exogenous transgenes. This mechanism was also operational in cells chronically infected with HIV-1, the etiological agent of AIDS, in a latency state. Indeed, both amino acid starvation and pharmacological inhibition of HDAC4 promoted reactivation of HIV-1 transcription and reverse transcriptase activity production in HDAC4(+) ACH-2 T-lymphocytic cells but not in HDAC4(-) U1 promonocytic cells. Thus, amino acid deprivation leads to transcriptional derepression of silenced transgenes, including integrated plasmids and retroviruses, by a process involving inactivation or down-regulation of HDAC4. These findings suggest that selective targeting of HDAC4 might represent a unique strategy for modulating the expression of therapeutic viral vectors, as well as that of integrated HIV-1 proviruses in latent reservoirs without significant cytotoxicity.
A constrained beam forming algorithm for 2D planar antenna arrays (1999)

Digital beam forming algorithms are commonly used for spatial filtering which effectively result in more benign channel characteristics with reduced interference and delay spread and for spatial separation of different users to support an increased number of users in the same frequency band (SDMA). A new blind constrained beam forming (CBF) algorithm for two-dimensional linear antenna arrays is presented which allows optimum beamsteering and interference cancellation for nearly arbitrarily spaced directions for signals of interest as well as for interfering waveforms.
Reaction of 2,3,4,6-tetramethoxybenzaldehyde with aluminum chloride. Selective cleavage at position 2 and selective ether exchange at position 3 (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 2,3,4,6-tetramethoxybenzaldehyde with aluminum chloride. Selective cleavage at position 2 and selective ether exchange at position 3Edward G. Paul and Paul Sun-Chi WangCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 13, 2307–2308Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01327a066https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01327a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bayesian nonparametric learning of complex dynamical phenomena (2009)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Indoors wireless infrared communications based on spread-space holographic CDMA (2002)

We study an application of optical holographic CDMA for free-space (wireless) optical (infrared) indoor communications. First, we describe the principles of the spread-space holographic CDMA indicating the structure of the encoder and decoder and describe mathematically the receiver's processing module which is comprised of a Fourier transform lens and a holographic matched-filter. Then, we study the performance of an indoors infrared communication link using spot-diffused configuration. Free-space optical holographic CDMA processing gain (PG) can in principle be as high as 10/sup 6/-10/sup 9/ and each user can have different modulating signals (analog or digital), or different information rate with any signal shape. This high PG, can be interpreted as the high capacity of the system to support large number of users with very small bit error rate.
Altered Patterns of Gene Expression in Response to Myocardial Infarction (2000)

The use of cDNA microarrays has made it possible to simultaneously analyze gene expression for thousands of genes. Microarray technology was used to evaluate the expression of >4000 genes in a rat model of myocardial infarction. More than 200 genes were identified that showed differential expression in response to myocardial infarction. Gene expression changes were monitored from 2 to 16 weeks after infarction in 2 regions of the heart, the left ventricle free wall and interventricular septum. A novel clustering program was used to identify patterns of expression within this large set of data. Unique patterns were revealed within the transcriptional responses that illuminate changes in biological processes associated with myocardial infarction.
Dissolution behaviors and gastrointestinal absorption of tolbutamide in tolbutamide-polyvinylpyrrolidone coprecipitate. (1979)

Coprecipitates were prepared in various ratio of tolbutamide-polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The X-ray diffraction spectra indicated that tolbutamide in the coprecipitate did not exhibit its crystalline property. Comparative studies were made on the in vitro dissolution and the in vivo absorption of tolbutamide from the coprecipitate and the drug alone. The dissolution rate of tolbutamide was markedly increased in the tolbutamide-PVP coprecipitates in the pharmacopeial disintegration media at pH 1.2 and 7.5. In vivo absorption study of each preparation was carried out by determining the plasma level of tolbutamide following the oral administration to rabbits. Bioavailability of tolbutamide was improved in the coprecipitate 1.37 time as much as tolbutamide alone. It was shown that the drug was rapidly and completely absorbed following the oral administration of the coprecipitate. Quantitative analysis of PVP in the solution was also studied by the determination of the fluorescence of the complex of PVP and 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonic acid sodium salt.
Molten Salt Catalysts for Hydrocracking of Polynuclear Hydrocarbons (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolten Salt Catalysts for Hydrocracking of Polynuclear HydrocarbonsC. W. Zielke, R. T. Struck, J. M. Evans, C. P. Costanza, and Everett GorinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1966, 5, 2, 151–157Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260018a008https://doi.org/10.1021/i260018a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts