gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Circulating Tumor Cell Analyses for Prostate Cancer Precision Oncology (2018)

<b/> In this issue of <i>Cancer Discovery</i>, Miyamoto and colleagues adapted their microfluidic CTC-iChip isolation platform with a digital RNA-PCR readout for eight prostate-specific transcripts and two assays for the androgen receptor mRNA splice variant <i>ARV7</i> and the <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> translocation transcript. In patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer at initiating abiraterone therapy in a first-line setting, the resulting RNA-based digital circulating tumor cell signatures identified patients with a shorter overall survival, and in patients with clinically localized disease, the signatures identified those with seminal vesicle invasion and pelvic lymph node involvement. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(3); 269-71. ©2018 AACR.</i><i>See related article by Miyamoto et al., p. 288</i>.
Mechanical Properties of Robot Arm Operated with Muscle Coordinate System Consisted of Bi-articular Muscles and Mono-articular Muscles. Muscle Contractile Forces and Viscoelastic Properties of Robot Arm. (2000)

In general, a robot arm has equal number of actuators to number of its joints, whereas a human extremity has an antagonistic pair of bi-articular muscles acting simultaneously on both joints in addition to the antagonistic mono-articular muscles on each joint. In the present study, mechanical properties of a two-joint robot arm equipped with three pairs of antagonistic Mackibben artificial muscles were examined theoretically and experimentally in terms of control engineering. The results obtained in this study demonstrated that the viscoelastic properties and the output forces developed at the end point of the robot arm were controlled independently in the task coordinate system. This might further suggest that, as to control of trajectory, position and velocity of the end point in the task coordinate system, open loop control instead of feedback control will be available in the muscle coordinate system, but not, in the conventional joint coordinate system.
Clinical and Pathophysiological Overview of Acinetobacter Infections: a Century of Challenges (2017)

Acinetobacter is a complex genus, and historically, there has been confusion about the existence of multiple species. The species commonly cause nosocomial infections, predominantly aspiration pneumonia and catheter-associated bacteremia, but can also cause soft tissue and urinary tract infections. Community-acquired infections by Acinetobacter spp. are increasingly reported. Transmission of Acinetobacter and subsequent disease is facilitated by the organism's environmental tenacity, resistance to desiccation, and evasion of host immunity. The virulence properties demonstrated by Acinetobacter spp. primarily stem from evasion of rapid clearance by the innate immune system, effectively enabling high bacterial density that triggers lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated sepsis. Capsular polysaccharide is a critical virulence factor that enables immune evasion, while LPS triggers septic shock. However, the primary driver of clinical outcome is antibiotic resistance. Administration of initially effective therapy is key to improving survival, reducing 30-day mortality threefold. Regrettably, due to the high frequency of this organism having an extreme drug resistance (XDR) phenotype, early initiation of effective therapy is a major clinical challenge. Given its high rate of antibiotic resistance and abysmal outcomes (up to 70% mortality rate from infections caused by XDR strains in some case series), new preventative and therapeutic options for Acinetobacter spp. are desperately needed.
Molecular and Crystal Structure of an Organocyclotriarsane (1978)

The first X-ray structure analysis of a cyclotriarsane has now been accomplished. The As3 ring bearing only aliphatic substituents is incorporated in a cage structure in this molecule. The three As—As contacts are almost equal and correspond to those in As4.
Local heterogeneity in the mechanical properties of bicontinuous composites made by liquid metal dealloying (2016)

Bicontinuous composites made by liquid metal dealloying are excellent structural materials, with a unique combination of size-dependent strengthening and facile fabrication. However, due to the stochastic nature of dealloying, the local composition of individual ligaments can vary significantly and it is an open research question how this affects the bulk mechanical behavior. In this study, we use statistically significant nanoindentation to characterize the mechanical properties of individual phases in dealloyed bicontinuous composites. Through the analysis of several thousand indents, we correlate variances in the hardness and elastic modulus directly with the local microstructure and composition of the material.
Analysis of Perception of Motion in Television Signals and its Application to Bandwidth Compression (1975)

The method and results are reported of subjective assessment tests on the perception of motion in television signals. Discussed are applications of these results to the transmission technique for the difference between two adjacent frame signals. The main results are as follows. 1) Smoothness of motion is lost by field-repeating or frame-repeating TV signals, unless motion is slow. The just perceptible velocity and acceptable limit of velocity are determined by subjective tests. The velocity of moving objects should be very low in order to obtain smooth motion. 2) The precision required in separating the standard television signal into stationary and moving parts is derived from the just perceptible velocity in 1). It is about 1/3 of a Nyquist interval; that is, equivalent to a viewing angle of 45 s, when the viewing distance is 4 × (height of picture). 3) The apparent Gaussian noise level increases by 1 ∼ 3 dB when television pictures are field-repeated. On the other hand, it decreases in frame-repeated pictures, provided that the number of repetitions is small. 4) From subjective assessment of the degradation of picture quality caused by blurring of the moving part, it becomes clear that the bandwidth of the signal of the moving part can readily be reduced by a factor of 3.5.
Adversarial Scene Editing: Automatic Object Removal from Weak Supervision (2018)

While great progress has been made recently in automatic image manipulation, it has been limited to object centric images like faces or structured scene datasets. In this work, we take a step towards general scene-level image editing by developing an automatic interaction-free object removal model. Our model learns to find and remove objects from general scene images using image-level labels and unpaired data in a generative adversarial network (GAN) framework. We achieve this with two key contributions: a two-stage editor architecture consisting of a mask generator and image in-painter that co-operate to remove objects, and a novel GAN based prior for the mask generator that allows us to flexibly incorporate knowledge about object shapes. We experimentally show on two datasets that our method effectively removes a wide variety of objects using weak supervision only
PIR sensor array for hand motion recognition (2011)

Abstract—In this paper we present our work towards a hand gesture recognition system realised with a passive thermal infrared sensor array. In contrast with the majority of recent research activities into gesture recognition, which focus on the complex analysis of video sequences, our approach shows that the functionality of a simple pyroelectric movement sensor can be expanded to detect differing hand gestures at short range. We show that blob detection from a hand waving over a 16 element passive infrared sensor array provides sufficient information to discriminate four directions of hand stroke. This sensor system is unique and lends itself to low cost, low profile and low power applications.
Infrastructure requirements for a large-scale, multi-site VLSI development project (2002)

This paper describes the design infrastructure and environment that were established to support the multi-site design of the IBM POWER4 microprocessor. The Common Tools Environment was created to provide a consistent means for accessing design tools and initiating operating system variables from multiple sites in a site-independent manner. The AIX® operating system and the Common Tools Environment masked local, site-specific details of the design environment, allowing site-specific design practices, shared storage, and information system policies to be transparently maintained. The design data-management system, the importance of highly reliable wide- and local-area networks, and the establishment of automated network monitoring are discussed.
An output-whitening approach to adaptive active noise cancellation (1991)

An approach to adaptive active noise cancellation that is based on adaptive control principles is described. The approach aims at creating a physical noise-reduced environment in the vicinity of noisy machinery, for stochastic machine noise. The system described uses a single microphone, in contrast to previously described two-microphone systems. Computed results on two types of recorded industrial noise are presented to support the theoretical design. In one case, a reduction of the sample variance of noise by a factor of 500, i.e. about 54 dB, occurred; in the second case, a reduction factor of 17, i.e. about 25 dB, was achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient storage scheme and algorithms for W-matrix vector multiplication on vector computers (1994)

The W-matrix method has been proposed in many literatures to exploit parallelism in the solution of many power system problems. This paper presents a storage scheme for storing the sparse W-matrix in solving linear equations on vector computers. Based on the proposed storage scheme, several efficient algorithms have been developed to perform the W-matrix vector multiplication for finding linear system solutions. In this paper, attention is given to the issues of vector length, data movement between vector registers and memory, and the vector stride. The proposed storage scheme and algorithms are tested on Convex 3840 and Alliant FX/80 vector machines. It is shown that a speedup of two to four times is obtainable as compared to traditional scalar operation. The proposed storage scheme and algorithms can be applied to power system problems that require repeat solutions of linear system, such as load flow, contingency analysis, fast decoupled state estimation and short circuit calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human mesenchymal stem cells: From immunophenotyping by flow cytometry to clinical applications (2012)

Modern medicine will unequivocally include regenerative medicine as a major breakthrough in the re-establishment of damaged or lost tissues due to degenerative diseases or injury. In this scenario, millions of patients worldwide can have their quality of life improved by stem cell implantation coupled with endogenous secretion or administration of survival and differentiation promoting factors. Large efforts, relying mostly on flow cytometry and imaging techniques, have been put into cell isolation, immunophenotyping, and studies of differentiation properties of stem cells of diverse origins. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are particularly relevant for therapy due to their simplicity of isolation. A minimal phenotypic pattern for the identification of MSCs cells requires them to be immunopositive for CD73, CD90, and CD105 expression, while being negative for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR and other surface markers. MSCs identified by their cell surface marker expression pattern can be readily purified from patient's bone marrow and adipose tissues. Following expansion and/or predifferentiation into a desired tissue type, stem cells can be reimplanted for tissue repair in the same patient, virtually eliminating rejection problems. Transplantation of MSCs is subject of almost 200 clinical trials to cure and treat a very broad range of conditions, including bone, heart, and neurodegenerative diseases. Immediate or medium term improvements of clinical symptoms have been reported as results of many clinical studies.
Separation of Microsomal RNA into Five Bands during Agar Electrophoresis (1964)

Microsomal RNA from rabbit livers and lymph nodes separate into five major bands during agar-gel electrophoresis. The electrophoretic method may be used either as an analytical or preparative tool. The 33S and 19S peaks of microsomal RNA from sucrose-gradient zone centrifugation divide into two bands each during simple agar electrophoresis.
Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Protects Mouse Liver against Oxidative Stress-induced Apoptosis through the Inhibition of Forkhead Transcription Factor FoxO3 (2013)

Numerous liver diseases are associated with extensive oxidative tissue damage. It is well established that Wnt/β-catenin signaling directs multiple hepatocellular processes, including development, proliferation, regeneration, nutrient homeostasis, and carcinogenesis. It remains unexplored whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling provides hepatocyte protection against hepatotoxin-induced apoptosis. Conditional, liver-specific β-catenin knockdown (KD) mice and their wild-type littermates were challenged by feeding with a hepatotoxin 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet to induce chronic oxidative liver injury. Following the DDC diet, mice with β-catenin-deficient hepatocytes demonstrate increased liver injury, indicating an important role of β-catenin signaling for liver protection against oxidative stress. This finding was further confirmed in AML12 hepatocytes with β-catenin signaling manipulation in vitro using paraquat, a known oxidative stress inducer. Immunofluorescence staining revealed an intense nuclear FoxO3 staining in β-catenin-deficient livers, suggesting active FoxO3 signaling in response to DDC-induced liver injury when compared with wild-type controls. Consistently, FoxO3 target genes p27 and Bim were significantly induced in β-catenin KD livers. Conversely, SGK1, a β-catenin target gene, was significantly impaired in β-catenin KD hepatocytes that failed to inactivate FoxO3. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated deletion of FoxO3 increased hepatocyte resistance to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, confirming a proapoptotic role of FoxO3 in the stressed liver. Our findings suggest that Wnt/β-catenin signaling is required for hepatocyte protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. The inhibition of FoxO through its phosphorylation by β-catenin-induced SGK1 expression reduces the apoptotic function of FoxO3, resulting in increased hepatocyte survival. These findings have relevance for future therapies directed at hepatocyte protection, regeneration, and anti-cancer treatment.
Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities of Date Palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>L.) Leaves (2011)

The antioxidant capacity and phenolic content of three varieties of Phoenix dactylifera leaves, namely Deglet Nour, Medjhoul, and Barhee, were studied. The antioxidant activities of extracts of different leaf varieties obtained with solvents of different polarity were investigated using assays of 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picrymhydrasyl hydrate radical-scavenging activity, total phenolics and flavonoids amount, condensed tannins, reducing power, and total antioxidant capacity. The results showed that all the extracts exhibited antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities at different magnitudes and potency. The decreasing order of antioxidant and radical-scavenging activities among the extracts assayed were found to be methanol (MeOH) fraction > ethyl acetate fraction > hexane fraction > water extract. Correlation analysis indicated that there is a linear relationship between antioxidant potency, free radical-scavenging ability, and the content of phenolic and flavonoids compounds of Phoenix dactylifera leaf extracts. These results showed that Phoenix dactylifera leaf extracts are a valuable natural antioxidant, which can be applied in both healthy medicine and food industry and biotechnology.
Model predictive control for wind turbines with distributed active flaps: incorporating inflow signals and actuator constraints (2011)

ABSTRACT This paper describes the implementation of system identification and controller design techniques using model predictive control (MPC) for wind turbines with distributed active flaps for load control. An aeroservoelastic model of the 5 MW NREL/Upwind reference wind turbine, implemented in the code DU_SWAMP, is used in an industry‐based MPC controller design cycle, involving the use of dedicated system identification techniques. The novel multiple‐input multiple‐output MPC controllers, which incorporate flap actuator constraints and the use of local inflow measurement signals, are designed and implemented for various operating points. The controllers are evaluated in standard power production load cases and fatigue load reductions up to 27.3% are achieved. The distributed flaps controller scheme is also compared with simpler single‐flap single‐input single‐output and individual pitch controller schemes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FANHAT: fanout oriented hierarchical automatic test generation system (2003)

FANHAT, has been designed and implemented to accelerate test generation for digital circuits. FANHAT uses a minimal hierarchical representation of the circuit and functional level heuristics to perform implication, propagation, and backtracking with high-level functional model. Experiments with three circuits show hierarchical test generation using FANHAT is 1.5 to 8.9 times faster than flat gate-level test generation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Haplotype-Phased Synthetic Long Reads from Short-Read Sequencing (2016)

Next-generation DNA sequencing has revolutionized the study of biology. However, the short read lengths of the dominant instruments complicate assembly of complex genomes and haplotype phasing of mixtures of similar sequences. Here we demonstrate a method to reconstruct the sequences of individual nucleic acid molecules up to 11.6 kilobases in length from short (150-bp) reads. We show that our method can construct 99.97%-accurate synthetic reads from bacterial, plant, and animal genomic samples, full-length mRNA sequences from human cancer cell lines, and individual HIV env gene variants from a mixture. The preparation of multiple samples can be multiplexed into a single tube, further reducing effort and cost relative to competing approaches. Our approach generates sequencing libraries in three days from less than one microgram of DNA in a single-tube format without custom equipment or specialized expertise.
Evaluation of a high performance speaker verification system for access control (2005)

The results of an extensive evaluation of a speaker verification system for access control are presented. The system employs an algorithm based on the Principal Spectral Components representation derived from the short term spectrum of the speech signal. This system designed for access control applications has been evaluated using a 200 speaker population and a total of over 13,000 true speaker attempts and over 40,000 impostor attempts, both performed on line, over a 4-month period. A true speaker rejection rate of less than 1 % and an impostor acceptance rate of less than 0.1 % have been obtained.
Effect of limestone aggregate type and water–cement ratio on concrete strength (2003)

This article investigates the effects of water–cement (w–c) ratio and coarse limestone aggregate type on compressive strength of concrete. In this study, Ceyhan (Adana) limestone produced in quarries was used as aggregate material, and its physical, chemical and mechanical properties were determined. The rock was classified due to uniaxial compressive strength, point load index, porosity and Schmidt hammer hardness test method. Concrete samples were produced using crushed limestone. Concrete mixes were designed to have a constant strength and workability for different aggregate gradation using the absolute volume method. Optimum water–cement ratio was determined using vibrating slump for the same concrete mixture proportions. Cylindrical concrete samples were prepared with these fresh mixtures. The concrete produced was cured at 7, 14 and 28 days in water to obtain its compressive strength. It was seen that the compressive strength of concrete depends upon water–cement ratio and aggregate size.
<i>F</i>0 gives voicing information even with unambiguous voice onset times (1993)

The voiced/voiceless distinction for English utterance-initial stop consonants is primarily realized as differences in the voice onset time (VOT), which is largely signaled by the time between the stop burst and the onset of voicing. The voicing of stops has also been shown to affect the vowel's FO after release, with voiceless stops being associated with higher FO. When the VOT is ambiguous, these FO "perturbations" have been shown to affect voicing judgments. This is to be expected of what can be considered a redundant feature, that is, that it should carry a distinction in cases where the primary feature is neutralized. However, when the voicing judgments were made as quickly as possible, an inappropriate FO was found to slow response time even for unambiguous VOTs. This was true both of FO contours and level FO differences. These results reinforce the plausibility of tonogenesis, and they add further weight to the claim that listeners make full use of the signal given to them, even when overt labeling would seem to indicate otherwise.
An Effective Synthesis of Planar Array Antennas for Producing Near-Field Contoured Patterns (2011)

We present an efficient procedure for the synthesis of planar array antennas to radiate contoured patterns in the near zone of array aperture, as desired in RFID applications. It first grids the target area, and then utilizes a global basis set to span the array's excitations. Each basis's excitation of the array radiates a focused spot beam in the near zone and serves as a local basis function for representing the radiation field. The unknown coefficients of the array's basis set are then found via a minimum least square error (MLSE) technique. It is found that only a small number of basis functions are sufficient to synthesize the radiation pattern, and make the present approach very fast.