gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fundamental limitations of hot-carrier solar cells (2012)

Sunlight-generated hot-carrier transport in strongly absorbing direct band-gap GaAs---among the most optimal of semiconductors for high-efficiency solar cells---is simulated with an accurate full-band structure self-consistent Monte Carlo method, including short- and long-range Coulomb interaction, impact ionization, and optical and acoustic phonon scattering. We consider an ultrapure 100-nm-thick intrinsic GaAs absorber layer designed with quasiballistic carrier transport that achieves complete photon absorption down to the band edge by application of careful light trapping and that has a generous hot-carrier retention time of 10 ps prior to the onset of carrier relaxation. We find that hot-carrier solar cells can be severely limited in performance due to the substantially reduced current density caused by insufficient extraction of the widely distributed hot electrons (holes) through the requisite energy selective contacts.
Large-scale interferometric fiber sensor arrays with multiple optical amplifiers (1997)

We report what we believe to be the first laboratory prototype of a fiber sensor array using multiple low-gain (5dB) remotely pumped amplifiers in a 10-rung ladder structure. Incorporating amplifiers improves the system noise figure to less than 20dB, compared with 32dB in an optimized passive array of the same size. Scalability to more than 300sensors per fiber pair while a high dynamic range (1microrad/ sensitivity) is maintained is demonstrated.
Orbital angular momentum transmission (Invited Paper) (2013)

This paper will discuss recent advances in using orbital angular momentum as a domain for multiplexing multiple data channels to increase capacity and spectral efficiency. We will describe Tbit/s transmission results as well as basic demonstrations of switching and networking functions.
Transmittance measurements for filters of optical density between one and ten (1997)

We have developed a facility for measuring the transmittance of optical filters at a wavelength of 1064 nm, using a Nd:YAG laser, a power stabilizer, and linear photodiode detectors. A direct measurement method was used for filters with optical densities (OD's) less than or equal to 4, and a reference substitution technique was used for filters with OD's as great as 10. The apparatus and data-acquisition system are described. Measurement results for a set of filters are presented. The expanded uncertainties for the measured OD and deduced absorption coefficient are determined through a detailed analysis of all the uncertainty components.
Organic electrochemical techniques having potential clinical application. (1982)

The Organic Electrochemistry Group at the National Bureau of Standards is pursuing several avenues of research of potential application to problems of clinical chemists. With one development, electrochemical detectors for liquid chromatography, organomercury species can be determined in biological tissues and other matrices. Spectroelectrochemistry is being used to characterize the redox behavior of metal complexes of bleomycin, an antitumor drug. Chemically modified electrodes are being developed as selective electrocatalytic sensors for organohalogen compounds and may lead to new sensors for clinically important analytes. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy is helping characterize the polymer films used to modify the electrode surfaces. Another sensor is being developed for the detection of carboxylic acids: after the photocatalytic oxidation of the acids at a semiconductor electrode, the carbon dioxide produced is subsequently determined with a flow-through gas-sensing electrode. Finally, mathematical modeling may provide a better understanding of the fundamental processes involved in several of the above techniques.
Datacenter-Scale Network Research on FPGAs (2011)

We describe an FPGA-based datacenter network simulator to allow researchers to rapidly experiment with O(10, 000) node datacenter network architectures. We configure the FPGA hardware to implement abstract models of key datacenter building blocks including servers and all levels of switches. We discuss design and implementation issues of our FPGA models and show that it is practical to prototype and scale the testbed with a few low-cost FPGA boards. 1.
Neutrophil-activating Peptide-2 and Melanoma Growth-stimulatory Activity Are Functional as Monomers for Neutrophil Activation (1997)

Neutrophil-activating peptide-2 (NAP-2) and melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA) are members of the chemokine family of inflammatory proteins. The structures of NAP-2, determined by x-ray crystallography, and MGSA, elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, revealed a tetramer and dimer, respectively. In order to address the relevance of multimeric species to their activities on neutrophils, analogs of NAP-2 and MGSA were synthesized in which the backbone amide proton of Leu-22 in NAP-2, and Val-26 in MGSA, was substituted with the bulky methyl group (NH --> NCH3). These analogs were shown to be monomeric by sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation studies and were similar to the corresponding native protein in assays for neutrophil elastase release and Ca2+ mobilization from IL-8R1 and IL-8R2 transformed cells. Sedimentation equilibrium studies of the native NAP-2 and MGSA were also carried out to address the association behavior. For NAP-2, there was no evidence for the tetramer, but an equilibrium between monomers and dimers and the dissociation constant was calculated to be 50-100 microM. Similarly, MGSA showed a monomer-dimer equilibrium with a Kd of approximately 5 microM. The data from the monomeric analogs and also the calculation of dissociation constants indicate that NAP-2 and MGSA have a tendency to associate above the concentrations required for maximal activity or for receptor activation, but at functional concentrations they are predominantly monomers.
Storage of ions from laser-produced plasmas (1981)

A laser-produced plasma has been shown to be an effective means of producing metal ions, which are subsequently stored in an ion trap. The output from a Nd:YAG laser is focused onto targets, including Be, C, Al, Fe, and Pb, at the edge of an electrostatic ion trap. Typically 2×108 ions are trapped with storage times greater than 100 msec. Only singly charged ions are observed. The ion trap used for this work is a novel electrostatic trap having a harmonic axial potential. Properties of the plasma are measured by using the trap as a Langmuir probe.
Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in man. XIV. Deficiency of the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS related complex (ARC). In vitro effect of purified interleukin-1 and interleukin-2. (1984)

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from male homosexuals with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and with AIDS related complex (ARC) were examined for the autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) between responder T and irradiated autologous non-T cells and in vitro influence of purified human interleukin-1 (IL-1) and -2 (IL-2) on the AMLR. The AMLR was significantly (P less than 0.001) deficient in both ARC and AIDS; the deficiency of the AMLR was of the similar magnitude in two groups when compared to asymptomatic homosexuals and healthy heterosexuals. In vitro addition of IL-2 enhanced the AMLR to the baseline levels of control subjects in most patients in ARC group (P less than 0.01) and in four of 15 patients in AIDS group (P less than 0.01). Addition of IL-1 to IL-2 containing cultures resulted in no further increase in the AMLR response over those with IL-2 alone. This study demonstrates deficiency of the AMLR in patients with ARC and AIDS that is corrected by purified IL-2 in the majority of cases with ARC but only a subset of patients with AIDS. The significance of these findings is discussed.
A Novel Low Gate-Count Pipeline Topology With Multiplexer-Flip-Flops for Serial Link (2012)

This paper proposes multiplexer-flip-flops (MUX-FFs) to be a high-throughput and low-cost solution for serial link transmitters. We also propose multiplexer-latches (MUX-Latches) that possess the logic function of combinational circuits and storing capacity of sequential circuits. Adopting the pipeline with MUX-FFs, which are composed of cascaded latches and MUX-Latches, many latch gates for sequencing can be removed. Analysis and simulation results show that an 8-to-1 serializer in the pipeline topology with MUX-FFs reduces 52% gate-count compared to that in the traditional pipeline topology. To verify the functions of the proposed design, two chips are implemented with the proposed 4-to-1 MUX-FF and 8-to-1 serializer with MUX-FFs in 90 nm CMOS technology. The measured results show that the MUX-FF and the proposed serializer with MUX-FFs are almost bit-error-free (with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BER</i> <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ), operating at up to 6 Gbits/s and 12 Gbit/s, respectively.
Rotation-invariant texture retrieval with gaussianized steerable pyramids (2006)

This paper presents a novel rotation-invariant image retrieval scheme based on a transformation of the texture information via a steerable pyramid. First, we fit the distribution of the subband coefficients using a joint alpha-stable sub-Gaussian model to capture their non-Gaussian behavior. Then, we apply a normalization process in order to Gaussianize the coefficients. As a result, the feature extraction step consists of estimating the covariances between the normalized pyramid coefficients. The similarity between two distinct texture images is measured by minimizing a rotation-invariant version of the Kullback-Leibler Divergence between their corresponding multivariate Gaussian distributions, where the minimization is performed over a set of rotation angles.
El medio ambiente como bien jurídico y derecho humano de tercera generación reconocido desde el imperio romano (2014)

Con la realización del presente trabajo de investigación analizaremos, desde un punto de vista jurídico-evolutivo, uno de los grandes retos a los que hoy nos enfrentamos con el surgimiento desde el siglo XX de la denominada “tercera generación” de Derechos Humanos; generación vinculada a los avances en el campo de la biología, la genética, la aplicación de las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación, el derecho a la propiedad común de la humanidad, así como a la protección del medio ambiente, los recursos naturales y la calidad de vida. En este sentido, destacaremos el espíritu ecológico y la conciencia medioambiental de los cives o ciudadanos romanos tras las primeras normas promulgadas durante el Derecho Romano Arcaico respecto de su proyección actual en la Constitución española de 1978, pues ello nos servirá para comprender la problemática legal suscitada en torno al concepto de medio ambiente adecuado y los sujetos intervinientes; teniendo presente, en definitiva, que ese derecho de tercera generación no sólo alude al espacio en el que se desarrolla la vida sino que abarca a los seres vivos, los objetos, el agua, el suelo, el aire y a las relaciones entre ellos.
Improved message passing for inference in densely connected systems (2005)

An improved inference method for densely connected systems is presented. The approach is based on passing condensed messages between variables, representing macroscopic averages of microscopic messages. We extend previous work that showed promising results in cases where the solution space is contiguous to cases where fragmentation occurs. We apply the method to the signal detection problem of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) for demonstrating its potential. A highly efficient practical algorithm is also derived on the basis of insight gained from the analysis.
Rare-Earth Based Oxide and Nitride Thin Films Employing Volatile Homoleptic Guanidinate Precursors (2009)

The application of the metalorganic compound tris(N,N'-diisopropyl-2-dimethlyamidoguanidinato)gadolinium(III) (1) as a precursor for MOCVD of Gd2O3 is discussed. Depositions were carried out in the presence of oxygen at reduced pressure and varying the substrate temperature in the range 300 - 700{degree sign}C. Employing a multi-technique approach (XRD, SEM, AFM, EDX, RBS, SNMS, SE, C-V), variations of the growth characteristics and film properties with deposition temperature are studied in terms of crystallinity, structure, surface roughness, composition, optical and electrical properties. In addition, the use of 1 as single source precursor for the MOCVD of GdN thin films is also demonstrated.
The effect of thalidomide and 2 analogs on collagen induced arthritis. (1998)

Thalidomide and its analogs can suppress the clinical severity of rat CIA, but the mechanism of action is not a result of TNF-alpha or VEGF downregulation.
Inhibition of Mediator Release in Allergic Rhinitis by Pretreatment with Topical Glucocorticosteroids (1987)

Patients with allergic rhinitis often have immediate symptoms after antigen challenge (the early-phase response), followed several hours later by a recurrence of symptoms (the late-phase response). Systemic glucocorticosteroids are known to inhibit the late-phase but not the early-phase response. We studied the effect of one week of pretreatment with topical (rather than systemic) glucocorticosteroids on the response to nasal challenge with antigen in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study of 13 allergic patients who had previously had a dual response to nasal challenge. The patients were challenged with three 10-fold increments of allergen, producing an early response, and were then followed for 11 hours, encompassing the late response, before they were rechallenged with the lowest dose of allergen. We monitored their responses by means of symptom scores and measurements of the levels of histamine, tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME)-esterase activity, and kinins in nasal lavages. Topical glucocorticosteroids significantly reduced both the symptoms and the levels of histamine, TAME-esterase activity, and kinins in the early, late, and rechallenge allergic reactions. The fact that, in contrast to treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids, prolonged pretreatment with topical glucocorticosteroids inhibited the early-phase response to antigen suggests that the route and duration of administration affect the mechanisms of action of the steroids. We conclude that inhibition of the early-phase as well as the late-phase response by topical glucocorticosteroids may provide an advantage over treatment with systemic glucocorticosteroids in patients with allergic rhinitis.
From the generalized reflection law to the realization of perfect anomalous reflectors (2017)

The use of the generalized Snell's law opens wide possibilities for the manipulation of transmitted and reflected wavefronts. However, known structures designed to shape reflection wavefronts suffer from significant parasitic reflections in undesired directions. We explore the limitations of the existing solutions for the design of passive planar reflectors and demonstrate that strongly nonlocal response is required for perfect performance. A new paradigm for the design of perfect reflectors based on energy surface channeling is introduced. We realize and experimentally verify a perfect design of an anomalously reflective surface using an array of rectangular metal patches backed by a metallic plate. This conceptually new mechanism for wavefront manipulation allows the design of thin perfect reflectors, offering a versatile design method applicable to other scenarios, such as focusing reflectors, surface wave manipulations, or metasurface holograms, extendable to other frequencies.
How Wet the Moon? Just Damp Enough to Be Interesting (2010)

A series of reports of new water-related results from the moon beginning on page 463 of this week's issue of Science shows that the moon's recently discovered hydrosphere is nothing like Earth's watery regime, and many enigmas remain.
GENESUS: A two-step Sequence Design Program for DNA Nanostructure Self-Assembly (2014)

DNA has been recognized as an ideal material for bottom-up construction of nanometer scale structures by self-assembly. The generation of sequences optimized for unique self-assembly (GENESUS) program reported here is a straightforward method for generating sets of strand sequences optimized for self-assembly of arbitrarily designed DNA nanostructures by a generate-candidates-and-choose-the-best strategy. A scalable procedure to prepare single-stranded DNA having arbitrary sequences is also presented. Strands for the assembly of various structures were designed and successfully constructed, validating both the program and the procedure.
A macro analysis of soft errors in static RAMs (1988)

In the soft error phenomenon in static RAMs (SRAMs), the mechanism of data upset is more complicated than in dynamic RAMs (DRAMs) because the storage nodes in the memory cells are connected to the power supply via load element. Therefore the critical charge has been evaluated only by computer simulation. The charge which is supplied via load element is estimated analytically, assuming alpha -particle-induced current being constant. The charge which is fed through the load element contributes to the increase of the critical charge in a 1-kbit emitter-coupled logic (ECL) RAM with a 10-k Omega resistor load. In ECL RAMs or MOS SRAMs with a larger resistor, the contribution of the charge which is fed through the load element is hardly expected, and the critical change in such RAMs is evaluated by the stored charge like DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitory Effects of Glycosides from the Leaves of Melaleuca quinquenervia on Vascular Contraction of Rats (2002)

Two new glycosides, 3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-4-methylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (1) and 4-benzoyl-2-C-beta-glucopyranosyl-3,5-dihydroxy-6-methylphenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), together with four known glycosides, 2-endo-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,8-cineole (3a), 2-exo-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-1,8-cineole (3b), roseoside (4), and citroside A (5), were isolated from the methanolic extract of leaves of Melaleuca quinquenervia. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1, 2a and 3 inhibited contractile response induced by phenylephrine in aortic rings from Sprague-Dawley rats. This inhibition was independent of the endothelium. Compounds 2 and 4 significantly relaxed precontracted aortic rings, in an endothelium-dependent manner. Pretreatment of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, partially attenuated the vasorelaxation induced by both compounds, suggesting that nitric oxide was likely the responsible mediator. The rank-order potency (EC 50 value) of vasorelaxing activities of these compounds is 4 > 2 > 2a > 3 > 1.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntrinsic and Extrinsic Modulation of Nitric Oxide Synthase ActivityLinda J. Roman, Pavel Martásek, and Bettie Sue Siler MastersView Author Information Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78229, and Department of Pediatrics, Center of Integrative Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 121 09 Prague, Czech Republic Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 4, 1179–1190Publication Date (Web):March 12, 2002Publication History Received17 July 2001Published online12 March 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr000661eCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views928Altmetric-Citations164LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (137 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Bioinorganic chemistry,Cell and molecular biology,Flavins,Peptides and proteins,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
The relationship between changes in money supply and changes in share prices: The semi-strong form efficiency of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange revisited (1995)

In this article the semi-strong form of share market efficiency over the period 1978 to 1992 is considered, particularly with regard to information about changes in the money supply. To ensure a rigorous test of market efficiency, monetary growth has been decomposed, into anticipated and unanticipated elements. The All Share Index of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange is regressed against the monetary variables. The test results indicate that lagged changes in anticipated monetary growth are significant in explaining changes in share prices, a finding contrary to the efficient market hypothesis. However, the low coefficients of determination indicate that only a small percentage of the variation in share prices is explained by ex post changes in money supply and consequently the potential for a trading rule to earn superior returns to the market is limited.
Taking the Measure of a fatherʼs grief (2002)

In Brief My colleagues thought Mr. Corman was unreasonable, maybe even dangerous. I didn't agree. Brusque and controlling, a young patient's father made the staff uneasy. But this nurse sensed another side to Mr. Corman.
Strategic Planning for Institutional Pharmacy Administrators (1990)

Strategic planning is an extremely valuable long-term planning tool. It is essential for an organization's survival in a rapidly changing, turbulent environment. For institutional pharmacies to survive and possibly grow, strategic planning must become the pharmacy director's principal long-range planning tool. In spite of the importance of strategic planning to institutional pharmacies, there have been few documented case studies of institutional pharmacy strategic planning. Further, there has been little research on institutional pharmacy strategic planning. Additional research is needed to determine the extent and quality of institutional strategic planning and to determine why this essential tool is or is not bemg used.