gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient baculovirus-mediated multigene delivery in primary cells (2016)

Abstract Multigene delivery and subsequent cellular expression is emerging as a key technology required in diverse research fields including, synthetic and structural biology, cellular reprogramming and functional pharmaceutical screening. Current viral delivery systems such as retro- and adenoviruses suffer from limited DNA cargo capacity, thus impeding unrestricted multigene expression. We developed MultiPrime, a modular, non-cytotoxic, non-integrating, baculovirus-based vector system expediting highly efficient transient multigene expression from a variety of promoters. MultiPrime viruses efficiently transduce a wide range of cell types, including non-dividing primary neurons and induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPS). We show that MultiPrime can be used for reprogramming, and for genome editing and engineering by CRISPR/Cas9. Moreover, we implemented dual-host-specific cassettes enabling multiprotein expression in insect and mammalian cells using a single reagent. Our experiments establish MultiPrime as a powerful and highly efficient tool, to deliver multiple genes for a wide range of applications in primary and established mammalian cells.
Comparative evaluation of angiogenesis assessment with anti-factor-VIII and anti-CD31 immunostaining in non-small cell lung cancer. (1997)

Anti-Factor VIII vessel immunostaining has been widely used in the detection of angiogenesis in non-small cell lung cancer and other tumors. Several new antibodies have shown a higher sensitivity, and anti-CD31 has recently been proposed to be the standard for microvessel study. In the present study, we comparatively evaluated the two antibodies in 134 cases of early operable non-small cell lung cancer. The F8/86 (anti-Factor VIII-associated antigen) and JC70 (anti-CD31) MoAbs were used in paraffin-embedded material. Eye appraisal of vascular grade (VG) and microvessel score (MS) was performed by three experienced pathologists. Different cutoff points were used for the analysis of VG and MS correlation with nodal involvement, overall survival, and thymidine phosphorylase expression. Intra- and interobserver variability was minimal for both antibodies. MS and VG were significantly correlated with each other. However, 54 and 22% of cases with high anti-CD31 VG or high MS, respectively, had low vascularization on anti-Factor VIII assessment. Anti-CD31 scoring was significantly associated with nodal involvement and overall survival for all cutoff points considered, which was not verified for anti-Factor VIII staining. VG was the most significant indicator of nodal involvement and survival for both antibodies. Tumors with high VG by anti-CD31 but low or medium VG by anti-Factor VIII behaved as tumors of high neoangiogenesis, defining a poor prognosis (P = 0.005) despite the failure of anti-factor VIII antibody to highlight intense neoangiogenesis. Anti-CD31 MS significantly associated with thymidine phosphorylase overexpression (P = 0.01), whereas no correlation was found for anti-Factor VIII counting. It was concluded that anti-CD31 microvessel immunostaining has several advantages over anti-Factor VIII, being a more sensitive method for highlighting small, immature microvessels or single endothelial cells. This could be of importance in revealing possible correlation of tumor angiogenesis with metastatic behavior, prognosis, or angiogenic factor overexpression. Vascular grading was the best method for neovascularization assessment, efficiently defining groups of tumors with aggressive clinical course.
Study on the Soft Design in Product design (2010)

Using soft design to realize the concept of emotional people and the interaction between products is a way to solve product design.Through the characteristics soft embodiment of a natural,emotional,interactive relationship,achieve a culture in mood.The soft design can be used as the design to change the status quo of China's stepping-stone,through the soft and the similarities of Chinese philosophy,will carry out cross-border culture and modern technology and integration,and will certainly create a harmonious world.
A Comprehensive Parametric Study of Planar Inverted-F Antenna (2012)

This paper presents a comprehensive numerical and experimental study of Planar Inverted-F Antennas (PIFA) involving all the parameters which may affect the characteristics of PIFA. It is found that PIFA characteristics are affected by a number of parameters including the dimensions of the ground plane, length, width, height and position of the top plate, positions and widths of shorting pin/plate and feed pin/plate. It is also found that the width of feed plate plays an important role in broadening the antenna bandwidth. It is shown that a fractional impedance bandwidth up to 65% can be obtained using an optimized design. Furthermore, a new empirical formula is introduced for the estimation of the central operational frequency of PIFA. These results are very useful for aiding PIFA design in practical applications.
On-line correction of Web pages (1999)

This paper describes a pen-interface for correcting digital documents. By using conventional gestures, the human corrector annotates directly the digital document on a display tablet with an electronic stylus. As the document is immediately updated by an interactive editor this provides direct visual feedback that the correction has been carried out.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Diaryl Dichalcogenide with Aryl Bromide Leading to the Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Aryl Chalcogenide (2006)

An efficient cross-coupling reaction of diphenyl disulfide or diselenide with substituted aryl bromides using PdCl2(dppf) and zinc has been developed. This method gave functionalized unsymmetrical aryl sulfides and selenides in good to excellent yields under neutral conditions.
The Role of Sulfide Additives in Achieving Long Cycle Life Rechargeable Iron Electrodes in Alkaline Batteries (2015)

Iron-based alkaline rechargeable batteries such as nickel-iron and iron-air batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage applications because of their relatively low cost, inherent robustness to cycling, and eco-friendliness. In the present study, we demonstrate iron electrodes containing iron (II) sulfide and bismuth oxide additives that do not exhibit any noticeable capacity loss even after 1200 cycles at 100% depth of discharge in each cycle. In iron electrodes prepared with bismuth sulfide additive, capacity loss occurred during cycling, accompanied by a decrease in discharge rate capability and rapid passivation. The recovery of capacity by adding sulfide ions to the electrolyte confirmed that the electrode that suffered capacity fade did not have an adequate supply of sulfide ions. We also found that the loss of cycleability was accompanied by the steady accumulation of magnetite and loss of iron sulfides at the iron electrode. The use of sparingly soluble iron (II) sulfide as an electrode additive ensured a sustained and steady supply of sulfide preventing the accumulation of magnetite during cycling. Thus, we have gained understanding of the critical role of sulfide additives in achieving long cycle life in rechargeable alkaline iron electrodes.
Large-Scale Supramolecular Structure in Solutions of Low Molar Mass Compounds and Mixtures of Liquids. III. Correlation with Molecular Properties and Interactions (2006)

The presence of a large-scale supramolecular structure is evidenced in a large variety of electrolyte solutions, nonelectrolyte solutions, and mixtures of liquids. This structure comprises submicron-sized domains with different solute concentration from that in the rest of solution. While the first paper of this series [J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110 (9), 4329-4338] dealt with a detailed characterization of the supramolecular structure and the second paper [J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110 (9), 4339-4345] dealt with the kinetics of the formation of this structure and its long-time stability, the present work contains a detailed classification of systems with respect to the capability of formation of the supramolecular organization. Around 100 different solute-solvent pairs were investigated in total, covering most common inorganic and organic electrolytes, nonionic solid compounds, and a large variety of liquids. The main experimental techniques used were static and dynamic light scattering, which are very effective techniques in observing and characterizing association. Light scattering data were complemented by osmotic pressure data obtained by vapor pressure osmometry, which reflects association on a different principle. The presence and intensity of the supramolecular domain organization was correlated with properties and interactions between constituent molecules and ions. The most plausible explanation of the observed effect of the large-scale supramolecular structure at this stage of our knowledge is that domains form due to directional attractive interactions between solute molecules via hydrogen bond bridges formed by one or several solvent molecules, which are themselves hydrogen bonded.
NDF/heregulin activates MAP kinase and p70/p85 S6 kinase during proliferation or differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. (1995)

Neu differentiation factors (NDF) are a novel family of polypeptide factors which activate sub-class I tyrosine kinase receptors. In all mammary epithelial cells analysed in this study, NDF activates the same signalling pathways while it induces different, cell-specific biological effects. In AU565 cells which are growth inhibited, as well as in T47D or HC11 cells which proliferate in response to NDF, the MAP kinase isoforms p44ERK1 and p42ERK2 and the p70/p85 S6 kinase are activated. NDF stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation and the in vitro kinase activity of ErbB-2. When PKC is activated by TPA, NDF is no longer able to activate ErbB-2 in T47D cells, leading to a blockage of cell proliferation. Activation of ErbB-2 by point mutation, or by monoclonal antibodies, also stimulates both the MAPK and the p70/p85 S6 kinase pathways. The same monoclonal antibodies can induce AU565 cell differentiation. In summary, during growth or differentiation of mammary epithelial cells, NDF stimulates several independent signalling pathways which can also be triggered by ErbB-2 stimulation alone. PKC activation blocks the biological effect induced by NDF through negative modulation of ErbB-2.
Titanium Dioxide Thin Films Deposited by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition for OLED Passivation (2008)

Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of titanium dioxide thin films was conducted using Tetrakis dimethylamino titanium (TDMATi) and an oxygen plasma on a polyethersulfon (PES) substrate at a deposition temperature of 90 degrees C. The effects of the induced plasma power on passivation properties were investigated according to film thickness. The growth rate of the titanium dioxide film was 0.8 A/cycle, and the water vapor transmission rate (WTVR) for a 80 nm titanium dioxide film was 0.023 g/m2 day. The passivation performance of the titanium dioxide film was investigated using an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). The coated OLED lifetime was 90 h, 15 times longer than that of an uncoated sample.
Pressure- and Temperature-Induced Inactivation of Microorganisms (1996)

Bacteria are unstable when the temperature or pressure is sufficiently high. Their inactivation by pressure is the result of a complicated interplay of both temperature and pressure effects. The p-T stability diagram of bacteria is similar to that of proteins. But inactivation kinetics of bacteria indicate that the lethal event cannot be the denaturation of the most sensitive proteins in the cell. For in that case one would expect a lag time followed by a sudden inactivation when the last copy of those sensitive proteins was destroyed. On the contrary, it appears as if the kinetics is caused by a single damage mechanism. In addition, some evidence suggests that the membrane is involved. Therefore, it seems that membrane-associated proteins play a major role in the activation of bacteria. The inactivation of bacterial spores shows an even more complex T-p interrelationship. The reason is that two different processes are combined in spore inactivation: the germination of dormant spores at comparatively low pressures and the inactivation of the germinated specimens at high pressures. Thus, special procedures are needed for effective spore inactivation. Microorganisms are killed when the surrounding hydrostatic pressure is sufficiently high. This finding provides the basis for developing a physical sterilization method for drugs and food. Initial experiments in this area were carried out nearly 100 years ago (Hite, 1899), but technical shortcomings and incomplete scientific knowledge impeded their utilization at that time. Recently, the application of high pressure in food preservation and processing has garnered new interest (Hayashi 1989; Balny et al, 1992). To collect precise kinetic data for pressure-induced degermination, we constructed a device which consisted of 10 pressure vessels that could be thermostated in two groups of five each. Each vessel had an inner diameter of 1.2cm and an inner length of 12 cm. The samples were separated from the pressure medium, water, by polyethylene tubes or bags. The maximum pressure was 7 kbar. The vegetative bacteria were always freshly cultured from one single organism before each experimental run. The preparations were allowed to grow to the exponential phase and were used in experiments just before the stationary phase had been reached.
Differential epidural block. Does the choice of local anesthetic matter? (1995)

This study reaffirms the existence of differential sensory block during epidural anesthesia and establishes that the observed differential block appears to be independent of the local anesthetic used.
Context-Aware Optimization on Medium Access Delay for High-Density 802.11n Wi-Fi Network (2013)

With demands from increasing population of Wi-Fi devices, diversification of application services, and high-density deployment of APs, we need more care about the Quality of user Experience in 802.11 Wi-Fi networks. In this paper, we propose a context-aware optimization method with bursting transmission to reduce medium access delay of clients in highload scenario and improve effective number of clients in high density scenario of 802.11n network. To determine the time to switch MAC frame transmission modes, we choose the channel utilization rate to indicate the "channel busy time". We switch transmission modes once the channel utilization rate is higher than a fixed threshold. We implement this method on Atheros 9340 chips and evaluate it on the performance of End-to-End transmission delay with TCP scripts instead of Ping commands with Chariot tools in our prototype of 802.11n Wi-Fi APs. The experimental results show the proposed method can improve the effective client number of APs and reduce access delay in the situation of high-density clients.
Proliferative T cell responses to the human papillomavirus type 16 E7 protein in women with cervical dysplasia and cervical carcinoma and in healthy individuals (1996)

The levels of proliferative T cell responses to peptides representing the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) E7 protein have been measured using short-term T cell lines derived from peripheral blood of healthy women and those with cervical dysplasias and carcinoma of the cervix. In healthy individuals 47 percent (7/15) responded predominantly to the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein and 6/7 responders were to a single peptide between amino acids 80-94. In comparison 29 percent (9/31) of women with cervical dysplasia responded to HPV-16 E7, with a significantly reduced response to both the N- and C-terminal regions (P = 0.03 and 0.038, respectively). A higher proportion of responders was found in patients with high grade lesions (56 percent, 5/9) versus those with atypical or low grade histology (20 percent, 4/20) and the response to a single peptide between amino acids 75-94 was also increased in this patient group (P = 0.044). This may be a reflection of higher levels of current or previous exposure to HPV-16 in patients with high grade lesions. Correlation of T cell responses with HPV DNA type (detected by PCR of cervical biopsy tissue) showed that 3/9 (33 percent) HPV-16 DNA-positive individuals responded. This suggests that E7 may not be the dominant target of the immune response or that the response to E7 is down-regulated in these patients. In addition 4/18 (22 percent) HPV-16 DNA-negative individuals responded, suggesting that their T cells may have been primed by previous exposure to HPV-16 or that a cross-reactive response was detected. Proliferative T cell responses to both HPV-16 E7 and L1 were reduced in women with cervical carcinoma in comparison to those with cervical dysplasia and healthy controls. The observed down-regulation of responses to HPV-16 E7 in women with cervical dysplasia and cervical carcinoma may reflect an altered functional balance between subsets of T helper cells in HPV-16 infections.
Hepatitis Viruses (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Hepatitis A Hepatitis E Hepatitis B Hepatitis D Hepatitis C References Further Reading
Image intensifier system resolution based on laboratory measured parameters (1994)

Suitability of any analytical model is entirely dependent on how well the model prediction fits the actual measured data under real conditions. The primary intent of formulating this laboratory version of an image intensifier performance model considered the following premise. If an image intensifier model cannot accurately predict laboratory measured performance (where all test conditions and parameters are controlled and known), then it cannot be viable for predicting field performance (where conditions cannot be controlled nor are well known). The report details the basis of the model and its complete derivation. The Appendix presents numerous examples that compare the model's output with actual performance data measured by observers. The reader is referred to a planned update of the NVESD Image Intensifier Performance Model to be released in early calendar year 1994. The revised performance model will include this work on limiting resolution and establish the link between limiting resolution and the traditional Minimum Resolvable Contrast utilized for the prediction of observer performance in field conditions.
Game Theory, International Law, and Future Environmental Cooperation in the Middle East (1998)

Through the use of game theory, this article explores some of the principal factors influencing the emergence and maintenance of international cooperation in order to develop legal guidelines for establishing an effective environmental mechanism in the Middle East. As this article shows, game theory concepts and models provide a valuable tool for analyzing the phenomenon of cooperation, enabling international lawyers to shape legal norms which will enhance the prospects for environmental cooperation in the Middle East. Part 2 of this article sets for the basic concepts and models of game theory and its relationship to modern international relations theory. Part 3 presents a game theoretical analysis of two major environmental settings in the Middle East: marine pollution in the Gulf of Aqaba and water contamination of the Mountain Aquifer. It then suggests some legal mechanisms to enhance the likelihood of cooperation in these settings. Part 4 concludes the article by exploring the options nd limits of combining game theory and international law as an instrument to improve the prospects of cooperation. The article ultimately states that this combination offers scholars and policy-makers important insights into better legal mechanisms for long-term international cooperation.
Reliability-Aware Power Management Of Multi-Core Systems (MPSoCs) (2006)

Long-term reliability of processors in embedded systems is experiencing growing attention since decreasing feature sizes and increasing power consumption have a negative influence on the lifespan. Among other measures, the reliability can be influenced significantly by Dynamic Power Management (DPM), since it affects the processor's temperature. Compared to single-core systems reconfigurable multi-core SoCs offer much more possibilities to optimize power and reliability. The impact of different DPM-strategies on the lifespan of multi-core processors is the focus of this presentation. It is shown that the long-term reliability of a multi-core system can be influenced deliberately with different DPM strategies and that temperature cycling greatly influences the estimated lifespan. In this presentation, a new reliability-aware dynamic power management (RADPM) policy is explained.
Pilot study to assess patient outcomes following endoscopic application of photodynamic therapy for advanced cholangiocarcinoma (2005)

Endoscopic application of PDT demonstrates promise in prolonging survival in patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Additional randomized clinical trials using commercially available fibers are needed to fully evaluate both the optimum frequency and treatment interval of endoscopic PDT in the management of advanced cholangiocarcinoma.
Conversion of Aryl Azides to <i>O</i>-Alkyl Imidates via Modified Staudinger Ligation (2003)

[reaction: see text] o-Carboalkoxy triarylphosphines are shown to react with aryl azides to provide Staudinger ligation products bearing O-alkyl imidate linkages. This is in contrast to alkyl azides whose ligation to o-carboalkoxy triarylphosphines has been reported to yield amide-linked materials. This extension of the Staudinger ligation for coupling of abiotic reagents under biocompatible conditions highlights the utility of commercially available triarylphosphines through which suitable linkers can be attached via an ester moiety.
Comparative Metabolic Profiling of Green and Purple Pakchoi (Brassica Rapa Subsp. Chinensis) (2018)

Pakchoi (<i>Brassica rapa</i> subsp. <i>chinensis</i>) is cultivated for its nutritional value, particularly with regard to vitamins, minerals and dietary fibers. However, limited metabolic information is available on the phyto-nutritional traits of pakchoi. Our GC-TOF MS analysis showed that green pakchoi has higher contents of carbon metabolism-associated metabolites such as sugars, sugar derivatives and inositol, while purple pakchoi has higher levels of nitrogen metabolism-associated metabolites such as amino acids and amino acid derivatives. To compare the content and composition of secondary metabolites in green and purple pakchoi, we analyzed phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and anthocyanins in mature leaves using an HPLC-UV system. This analysis identified 9 phenylpropanoid-derived compounds and 12 anthocyanins in the mature leaves of green and purple pakchoi. The level of rutin was significantly higher in purple pakchoi compared with green pakchoi, consistent with the expression of phenylpropanoid biosynthetic genes in the two pakchoi cultivars. The data obtained from this comprehensive metabolic profiling would be helpful to improve our understanding of the nutritional values of pakchoi cultivars as food sources.
High-speed phase modulation using the RPC method with a digital micromirror-array device (2006)

An improved implementation of the reverse phase contrast (RPC) method for rapid optical transformation of amplitude patterns into spatially similar phase patterns using a high-speed digital micromirror-array device (DMD) is presented. Aside from its fast response, the DMD also provides an electronically adjustable and inherently aligned input iris that simplifies the optimization of the RPC system. In the RPC optimization, we illustrate good agreement between experimentally obtained and theoretically predicted optimal iris size. Finally, we demonstrate the conversion of a binary amplitude grating encoded on the DMD into a binary (0-pi) phase grating.