gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Distributed Algorithm to Determine Multiple Routes with Path Diversity in Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

With multipath routing in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), a source can establish multiple routes to a destination for routing data. In MANETs, multipath routing can be used to provide route resilience, smaller end-to-end delay, and better load balancing. However, when the multiple paths are close together, transmissions of different paths may interfere with each other, causing degradation in performance. Besides interference, the physical diversity of paths also improves fault tolerance. We present a purely distributed multipath protocol based on the AODV-multipath (AODVM) protocol called AODVM with path diversity (AODVM/PD) that finds multiple paths with a desired degree of correlation between paths specified as an input parameter to the algorithm. We demonstrate through detailed simulation analysis that multiple paths with low degree of correlation determined by AODVM/PD provides both smaller end-to-end delay than AODVM in networks with low mobility and better route resilience in the presence of correlated node failures.
Electrogravitational Transport at Synthetic Ion Exchange Membrane Surfaces (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrogravitational Transport at Synthetic Ion Exchange Membrane SurfacesVincent J. FriletteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1957, 61, 2, 168–174Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150548a010https://doi.org/10.1021/j150548a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Anti-VEGF agents confer survival advantages to tumor-bearing mice by improving cancer-associated systemic syndrome (2008)

The underlying mechanism by which anti-VEGF agents prolong cancer patient survival is poorly understood. We show that in a mouse tumor model, VEGF systemically impairs functions of multiple organs including those in the hematopoietic and endocrine systems, leading to early death. Anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, and anti-VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2), but not anti-VEGFR-1, reversed VEGF-induced cancer-associated systemic syndrome (CASS) and prevented death in tumor-bearing mice. Surprisingly, VEGFR2 blockage improved survival by rescuing mice from CASS without significantly compromising tumor growth, suggesting that "off-tumor" VEGF targets are more sensitive than the tumor vasculature to anti-VEGF drugs. Similarly, VEGF-induced CASS occurred in a spontaneous breast cancer mouse model overexpressing neu. Clinically, VEGF expression and CASS severity positively correlated in various human cancers. These findings define novel therapeutic targets of anti-VEGF agents and provide mechanistic insights into the action of this new class of clinically available anti-VEGF cancer drugs.
Induction of Rosaceiform Dermatitis During Treatment of Facial Inflammatory Dermatoses With Tacrolimus Ointment (2004)

Our observations suggest that the spectrum of rosaceiform dermatitis as a complication of treatment with tacrolimus ointment is heterogeneous. A variety of factors, such as vasoactive properties of tacrolimus, proliferation of Demodex due to local immunosuppression, and the occlusive properties of the ointment, may be involved in the observed phenomena. Future studies are needed to identify individual risk factors.
Fuzzy logic-optimized secure media access control (FSMAC) protocol wireless sensor networks (2005)

Security for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is becoming an increasingly important issue in recent years. However, current works on media access control (MAC) protocols in WSNs mainly concentrate on balancing the efficiency and fairness of common channel access. Without proper security mechanisms, WSNs will be confined to limited and controlled environments, as well as negate numerous promises they hold. In this paper, we propose a novel secure MAC protocol for WSNs. Our algorithm-FSMAC firstly design multiple indicators for intrusion detection according to the classification of popular DoS attacks on MAC layer of WSNs, and innovatively utilizes fuzzy logic theory to implement making decision on intrusion. Moreover, appropriate countermeasures are adopted to reduce the destruction of attacks basing on intrusion detection results. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our approach in terms of possibility of successful detection, possibility of false detection, data packet successful transmission rate, average energy consumption and time of first node dead
The cytosolic and glycosomal glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase from <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> (1991)

The protozoan haemoflagellate Trypanosoma brucei has two NAD-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase isoenzymes, each with a different localization within the cell. One isoenzyme is found in the cytosol, as in other eukaryotes, while the other is found in the glycosome, a microbody-like organelle that fulfils an essential role in glycolysis. The kinetic properties of the purified glycosomal and cytosolic isoenzymes were compared with homologous enzymes from other organisms. Both trypanosome enzymes had pH/activity profiles similar to that of other glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases, with optimal activity around pH 8.5-9. Only the yeast enzyme showed its maximal activity at a lower pH. The glycosomal enzyme was more sensitive to changes in ionic strength below 0.1 M, while the cytosolic enzyme resembled more the enzymes from rabbit muscle, human erythrocytes and yeast. The affinity for NAD of the glycosomal enzyme was 5-10-fold lower than that of the cytosolic, as well as the other enzymes. A similar, but less pronounced, difference was found for its affinity for NADH. These differences are explained by a number of amino acid substitutions in the NAD-binding domain of the glycosomal isoenzyme. In addition, the effects of suramin, gossypol, agaricic acid and pentalenolactone on the trypanosome enzymes were studied. The trypanocidal drug suramin inhibited both enzymes, but in a different manner. Inhibition of the cytosolic enzyme was competitive with NAD, while in the case of the glycosomal isoenzyme, with NAD as substrate, the drug had an effect both on Km and Vmax. The most potent inhibitor was pentalenolactone, which at micromolar concentrations inhibited the glycosomal enzyme and the enzymes from yeast and Bacillus stearothermophilus in a reversible manner, while the rabbit muscle enzyme was irreversibly inhibited.
Packaging of chemicals in the defensive secretory glands of the sea hare<i>Aplysia californica</i> (2005)

Sea hares protect themselves from predatory attacks with several modes of chemical defenses. One of these is inking, which is an active release of a protective fluid upon predatory attack. In many sea hares including Aplysia californica and A. dactylomela, this fluid is a mixture of two secretions from two separate glands, usually co-released: ink, a purple fluid from the ink gland; and opaline, a white viscous secretion from the opaline gland. These two secretions are mixed in the mantle cavity and directed toward the attacking predator. Some of the chemicals in these secretions and their mechanism of action have been identified. In our study, we used western blots, immunocytochemistry, amino acid analysis, and bioassays to examine the distribution of these components: (1) an L-amino acid oxidase called escapin for A. californica and dactylomelin-P for A. dactylomela, which has antimicrobial activity but we believe its main function is in defending sea hares against predators that evoke its release; and (2) escapin's major amino acid substrates--L-lysine and L-arginine. Escapin is exclusively produced in the ink gland and is not present in any other tissues or secretions. Furthermore, escapin is only sequestered in the amber vesicles of the ink glandand not in the red-purple vesicles, which contain algal-derived chromophores that give ink its distinctive purple color. The concentration of escapin and dactylomelin-P in ink, both in the gland and after its release, is as high as 2 mg ml(-1), or 30 micromol ml(-1), which is well above its antimicrobial threshold. Lysine and arginine (and other amino acids) are packaged into vesicles in the ink and opaline glands, but arginine is present in ink and opaline at <1 mmol l(-1) and lysine is present in ink at <1 mmol l(-1) but in opaline at 65 mmol l(-1). Our previous results showed that both lysine and arginine mediate escapin's bacteriostatic effects, but only lysine mediates its bactericidal effects. Given that escapin's antimicrobial effects require concentrations of lysine and/or arginine >1 mmol l(-1), our data lead us to conclude that lysine in opaline is the primary natural substrate for escapin in ink. Furthermore, packaging of the enzyme escapin and its substrate lysine into two separate glands and their co-release and mixing at the time of predatory attack allows for the generation of bioactive defensive compounds from innocuous precursors at the precise time they are needed. Whether lysine and/or arginine are substrates for escapin's antipredatory functions remains to be determined.
Cardiac SPECT with iodine-123-labeled fatty acids: evaluation of myocardial viability with BMIPP. (1995)

The use of 123I-labeled fatty acids is witnessing a resurgence of interest, primarily because of data from recent clinical protocols comparing regional myocardial uptake of 123I-labeled 15-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(R,S)-methylpentandecanoic acid (BMIPP) with flow tracers. Comparison of mismatches in BMIPP and flow tracer distribution (BMIPP < flow tracer) has demonstrated the usefulness of evaluating myocardial viability with BMIPP. BMIPP was introduced in 1993 as "Cardiodine" as an approved radiopharmaceutical in Japan by Nihon Medi-Physics, Inc. This article reviews the clinical use of BMIPP in the assessment of cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and for the evaluation of myocardial viability in comparison with PET tracers. The results of two specific protocols demonstrating the utility of using BMIPP to detect viable myocardium are described in detail. The first study compares BMIPP and sestamibi uptake to wall motion and inotropic reserve after acute myocardial infarction in conjunction with two-dimensional echocardiography and low-dose dobutamine stimulation. The second example describes results of a triple SPECT technique using BMIPP reinjection for the assessment of ischemia.
Perturbed Chloride Homeostasis and GABAergic Signaling in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (2007)

Changes in chloride (Cl-) homeostasis may be involved in the generation of some epileptic activities. In this study, we asked whether Cl- homeostasis, and thus GABAergic signaling, is altered in tissue from patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Slices prepared from this human tissue generated a spontaneous interictal-like activity that was initiated in the subiculum. Records from a minority of subicular pyramidal cells revealed depolarizing GABA(A) receptor-mediated postsynaptic events, indicating a perturbed Cl- homeostasis. We assessed possible contributions of changes in expression of the potassium-chloride cotransporter KCC2. Double in situ hybridization showed that mRNA for KCC2 was absent from approximately 30% of CaMKIIalpha (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IIalpha)-positive subicular pyramidal cells. Combining intracellular recordings with biocytin-filled electrodes and KCC2 immunochemistry, we observed that all cells that were hyperpolarized during interictal events were immunopositive for KCC2, whereas the majority of depolarized cells were immunonegative. Bumetanide, at doses that selectively block the chloride-importing potassium-sodium-chloride cotransporter NKCC1, produced a hyperpolarizing shift in GABA(A) reversal potentials and suppressed interictal activity. Changes in Cl- transporter expression thus contribute to human epileptiform activity, and molecules acting on these transporters may be useful antiepileptic drugs.
Aerospace Power Scholarly Research Program. Delivery Order 0011: Modeling Lithium-Ion Conducting Channel (2005)

Abstract : This report focuses on the development of a lithium-ion conducting channel as a solid-state electrolyte for rechargeable lithium batteries. Dilithium phthalocyanine (Li2Pc) has been used in this development since it can undergo molecular self-assembly to form the ionic ally conducting channel. The essential features of the channel are that it is designed such that the anion matrix of the unsaturated macrocycle forms the channel through which the lithium ions moves, thus making it a single-ion conductor for lithium ions; the ionic transport of lithium depends on the electric field gradient created by the electrodes, thereby minimizing temperature dependence for ionic transport. Part II of this study shows that Li2Pc preferentially aligns with the galleries of the iron sulfide cathode thereby facilitating lithium-ion transfer between the electrolyte and the cathode.
Wettability in complex porous materials, the mixed-wet state, and its relationship to surface roughness (2018)

A quantitative in situ characterization of the impact of surface roughness on wettability in porous media is currently lacking. We use reservoir condition micrometer-resolution X-ray tomography combined with automated methods for the measurement of contact angle, interfacial curvature, and surface roughness to examine fluid/fluid and fluid/solid interfaces inside a porous material. We study oil and water in the pore space of limestone from a giant producing oilfield, acquiring millions of measurements of curvature and contact angle on three millimeter-sized samples. We identify a distinct wetting state with a broad distribution of contact angle at the submillimeter scale with a mix of water-wet and water-repellent regions. Importantly, this state allows both fluid phases to flow simultaneously over a wide range of saturation. We establish that, in media that are largely water wet, the interfacial curvature does not depend on solid surface roughness, quantified as the local deviation from a plane. However, where there has been a significant wettability alteration, rougher surfaces are associated with lower contact angles and higher interfacial curvature. The variation of both contact angle and interfacial curvature increases with the local degree of roughness. We hypothesize that this mixed wettability may also be seen in biological systems to facilitate the simultaneous flow of water and gases; furthermore, wettability-altering agents could be used in both geological systems and material science to design a mixed-wetting state with optimal process performance.
Friedreich ataxia (1982)

Polarographic assays of oxidative phosphorylation in muscle mitochondria indicated abnormal pyruvate-malate metabolism in Friedreich ataxia (FA). Pursuing this clue, more specific assays were performed. Mitochondrial malic enzyme (MEm; malate: NADP+ oxidoreductase) specific activity was 10% of controls in fibroblasts from eight FA patients (p less than 0.0001). Cytosolic malic enzyme was modestly increased in FA fibroblasts. Mitochondrial and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase, and malate transport on the dicarboxylate and alpha-ketoglutarate carriers were normal in fibroblasts or leukocytes. MEm activity is normally highest in the nervous system and heart is important in regulating carbohydrate metabolism. MEm deficiency could cause FA; further studies are required to substantiate this hypothesis.
COMPARISON OF THE INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF SPERMINE, PAPAVERINE AND ADRENALINE UPON ISOLATED SEGMENTS OF THE RAT SMALL INTESTINE (1986)

In the rat isolated duodenal and ileal segments the active baseline force and spontaneous contractile frequency were inhibited by spermine; the relative potencies, estimated as an ED50, were adrenaline papaverine spermine. The changes in baseline force, but not frequency, due to spermine were sensitive to increased calcium. The duodenum was always more sensitive to papaverine and adrenaline, but the relative sensitivities of the duodenum and ileum were essentially equal for spermine. Inasmuch as the gastrointestinal mucosa of most species contains an abundance of polyamines, these results suggest that, in its free form, spermine may subserve a functional role in the inhibition of gastrointestinal motility.
HIV Antigens Can Induce TGF-β1-Producing Immunoregulatory CD8+ T Cells (2002)

HIV-infected individuals may progressively lose both HIV-specific and unrelated CTL responses despite the high number of circulating CD8+ T cells. In this study, we report that approximately 25% of HIV+ donors produced TGF-beta(1) in response to stimulation with HIV proteins or peptides. The production of TGF-beta(1) was sufficient to significantly reduce the IFN-gamma response of CD8+ cells to both HIV and vaccinia virus proteins. Ab to TGF-beta reversed the suppression. We found the source of the TGF-beta(1) to be predominantly CD8+ cells. Different peptide pools stimulated TGF-beta(1) and IFN-gamma in the same individual. The TGF-beta(1) secreting cells have distinct peptide specificity from the IFN-gamma producing cells. This represents an important mechanism by which an HIV-specific response can nonspecifically suppress both HIV-specific and unrelated immune responses.
Simulating reliability of the robotic system software on the basis of artificial intelligence (2016)

The evaluation model of the software reliability is implemented on the basis of artificial intelligence methods, using artificial neural networks. On entry of the model the debugging time is served, on return the outlook the value of the failure rate is formed. For the model implementation a special type of neural network — a vertically-layered neural network is worked out. The model accuracy is increasing leads up to the buildup of layers in the neural network. The implementation of an artificial neural network of this type of multi-layer modular way is considered. The main results are protected by the RF patents for inventions and useful models. This article is devoted to research of the complex software reliability of control systems of different functions and is based on the previous researches of the author in this area. In the article the following questions are considered: 1. Adaptation of earlier published model for an assessment of reliability of the procedure oriented software to the object-oriented software. 2. Reduction of a known formula of predicting model of reliability to a look convenient for creation of an artificial neural network. 3. Creation of an artificial neural network for forecasting and an assessment of complex software reliability. 4. The description of a new way of realization of the constructed neural network. The main results of the work described in article are protected by patents for inventions and useful models in Russia.
Fabrication of Si single-electron transistors having double SiO2 barriers (2002)

We fabricated Si single-electron transistors (SETs) having double SiO2 barriers and a polycrystalline Si (poly-Si) dot. The fabrication method of this device is completely compatible with the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology, and the position of the poly-Si dot is self-aligned between the source and drain regions. The device exhibits drain current (Id) oscillation against gate voltage. From the dot size dependence of the electrical characteristics, the Id oscillation is considered to be due to the Coulomb blockade effect caused by poly-Si grains in the poly-Si dot. The self-alignment of the poly-Si dot in the fabrication process also means that the SET is promising for practical use.
Integrated terahertz optoelectronics (2016)

Currently, terahertz (THz) optical systems are based on bulky free-space optics. This is due to the lack of a common platform onto which different THz components, e.g., source, waveguide, modulator and detector, can be monolithically integrated. With the development of THz quantum cascade laser (QCL), it has been realized that the QCL chip may be such a platform for integrated THz photonics. Here, we report our recent works where the THz QCL is integrated with passive or optoelectronic components. They are: 1) integrated graphene modulator with THz QCL achieving 100% modulation depth and fast speed; 2) phase-locked THz QCL with integrated plasmonic waveguide and subwavelength antennas realizing dynamically widely tunable polarizations.
Selective Cine Coronary Arteriography (1966)

The clinical records of 1,000 patients who had adequate selective cine coronary arteriography were reviewed. The clinical diagnoses were made by a physician who had no knowledge of the arteriographic findings. Correlation of the clinical diagnoses with the arteriographic findings was made subsequently. Symptomatic coronary disease was accompanied by arteriographic evidence of significant obstruction of major coronary arteries in most instances. A close correlation existed between the clinical diagnosis of angina pectoris without rest pain and significant arterial obstruction (95%). A similar correlation was found between QRS evidence of myocardial infarction and severe arterial obstruction (99%). The demonstrated arterial obstruction in patients who had angina pectoris almost always was severe and usually almost total or total in one or more major vessels. In myocardial infarction the demonstrated obstruction was always severe and generally almost total or total. The correlation between clinical and arteriographic findings was moderately close in patients who had angina with symptoms at rest. The correlation between the arteriographic findings and less characteristic clinical syndromes (rest pain only, 79%, coronary failure, 78%, and especially atypical angina pectoris, 65%) was not so close. In congestive failure secondary to coronary disease, arterial obstruction was extensive unless ventricular aneurysm, mitral insufficiency, arrhythmia, arterial hypotension, or some other complication was present. Most patients thought to have noncoronary symptoms had no significant obstructive lesions. In 37% of the entire group of patients, almost all of whom had been suspected of having coronary disease by some physicians, no significant arteriographic obstruction was demonstrated; in 27% the arteriograms were normal. Diagnoses, based on appraisal of the clinical records without knowledge of the arteriographic findings, yielded 83% correlation with abnormal arteriographic findings in 700 patients thought to have coronary disease.