gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hardware architectures for the H.265/HEVC discrete cosine transform (2014)

This study presents a design methodology for the two‐dimensional (2D) discrete cosine transform dedicated for H.265/HEVC hardware encoders. The methodology decomposes matrix multiplications for different transform sizes into some steps based on the division of transform units into fixed‐size blocks. The modified order of processed blocks allows a significant reduction of the size of the transposition buffer. As a consequence, the resource consumption of the whole 2D‐transform architecture is decreased. Separate transform cores assigned to two transform stages increase the throughput more than twice. The decomposition enables different hardware configurations of the architectures. Particularly, the architectures applying the proposed methodology are parametrically specified in VHDL, and configuration parameters enable the tradeoff between resources and the throughput. Furthermore, the interface adaptation to desired horizontal and vertical sizes is possible. The use of regular multipliers allows the support for transforms specified in other video standards. Computational elements embedded in architectures are well‐suited to FPGA devices, which improves the area‐speed efficiency. Synthesis results show that they can operate at 200 and 400 MHz when implemented in FPGA Arria II and TSMC 90 nm, respectively.
Van der Waals interaction-tuned heat transfer in nanostructures (2012)

Interfaces usually impede heat transfer in heterogeneous structures. Recent experiments show that van der Waals (vdW) interactions can significantly enhance thermal conductivity parallel to the interface of a bundle of nanoribbons compared to a single layer of freestanding nanoribbon. In this paper, by simulating heat transfer in nanostructures based on a model of nonlinear one-dimensional lattices interacting via van der Waals interactions, we show that the vdW interface interaction can adjust the thermal conductivity parallel to the interface. The efficiency of the adjustment depends on the intensity of interactions and temperature. The nonlinear dependence of the conductivity on the intensity of interactions agrees well with experimental results for carbon nanotube bundles, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, multi-layer graphene, and nanoribbons.
DNA extraction from bulked samples of canola seed and the use of multiplex PCR for detection of adventitious contamination with genetically modified seed (2003)

A method for detecting adventitious contamination of genetically modified (GM) seed in a bulk sample of 100 traditional canola seeds is presented. This detection level fits sampling plans aimed at minimizing risk lo buyer and seller through the use of large sample sizes, in the area of 3000 seeds. It also provides opportunities for flexible approaches to testing schemes for different sampling plan needs. The extraction procedure can be completed for at least two 3000 seed samples in to 7.5 hour period by a single technician. The amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and detection of amplicons by gel electrophoresis require a further 7 hours. This paper describes the general method for DNA extraction using fully defined components. The benefits and limitations of using a commercial kit are briefly discussed. The multiplex PCR developed detects the following transgenic canola varieties: glyphosate tolerant; bromoxynil tolerant; and all three events conferring glufosinate ammonium tolerance. The final PCR used to detect the presence of GM seed yields 6 bands ranging in size from 219-800 base pairs if all five events, plus the housekeeping gene, are detected in the sample.
One-Pot Conversion of Glycals to <i>cis</i>-1,2-Isopropylidene-α-glycosides (2003)

Described is a general method for the conversion of glycals to the corresponding 1,2-cis-isopropylidene-alpha-glycosides. Epoxidation of glycals with dimethyldioxirane followed by ZnCl(2)-catalyzed addition of acetone converted a variety of protected glycals into 1,2-cis-isopropylidene-alpha-glycosides in good yield. The reaction is compatible with a range of protecting groups, including esters, benzyl ethers, and silyl ethers, as well as free hydroxyl groups. This method has been applied to develop a synthesis of protected glucuronic acid 1, a key intermediate in the synthesis of glycosaminoglycans. Compound 1 was produced in seven steps and 32% overall yield.
Spatially Discordant Alternans in Cardiac Tissue (2006)

Spatially discordant alternans, where the action potential duration (APD) and intracellular calcium transient (Ca(i)) alternate with opposite phase in different regions of tissue, is known to promote wave break and reentry. However, this phenomenon is not completely understood. It is known that alternans at the cellular level can be caused by dynamical instabilities arising from either membrane voltage (V(m)) attributable to steep APD restitution or to calcium (Ca) cycling. Here, we used a mathematical model of intracellular Ca cycling, coupled with membrane ion currents, to investigate the dynamics of V(m) and Ca(i) transient alternans in an isolated cell, in two electrotonically coupled cells, and in 1D spatially homogeneous tissue. Our main finding is a novel instability mechanism in which the bidirectional coupling of V(m) and Ca(i) can drive the Ca(i) transient of two neighboring cells to be out of phase. This instability is manifested in cardiac tissue by the dynamical formation of spatially discordant alternans. In this case, Ca(i) transient alternans can reverse phase over a length scale of one cell, whereas APD alternans reverses phase over a much longer length scale set by the electrotonic coupling. We analyze this mechanism in detail and show that it is a robust consequence of experimentally established properties of the bidirectional coupling between Ca cycling and V(m) dynamics. Finally, we address the experimental relevance of these findings and suggest physiological conditions under which these patterns can be observed.
Provenance-based dictionary refinement in information extraction (2013)

Dictionaries of terms and phrases (e.g. common person or organization names) are integral to information extraction systems that extract structured information from unstructured text. Using noisy or unrefined dictionaries may lead to many incorrect results even when highly precise and sophisticated extraction rules are used. In general, the results of the system are dependent on dictionary entries in arbitrary complex ways, and removal of a set of entries can remove both correct and incorrect results. Further, any such refinement critically requires laborious manual labeling of the results.
Trauma, dextran 40 and metastasis formation after intravenous tumour cell injection in rats. (1976)

Dextran 40 did not influence the formation of pulmonary metastases after intravenous tumour cell injection in untraumatized dextran non-sensitive Wistar rats. Trauma significantly increased the formation of metastases and treatment with dextran 40 enhanced this effect of trauma markedly. No definite explanation of the effect of dextran 40 on pulmonary metastasis formation when combined when trauma can be offered, but possible mechanisms are discussed.
35. Analogues of pantothenic acid. Part IV. Aryl derivatives of pantoyltaurine (1944)

J. Barnett, D. J. Dupré, B. J. Holloway and F. A. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1944, 94 DOI: 10.1039/JR9440000094
Validation of a sensitive and specific real‐time PCR for detection and quantitation of hepatitis B virus covalently closed circular DNA in plasma of chronic hepatitis B patients (2009)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) serves as a template for viral replication and plays a role in persistence of HBV infection. The origin and significance of cccDNA in plasma however, is not well understood. A sensitive, specific, and reproducible real-time PCR for detection and quantitation of cccDNA in plasma of chronic hepatitis B patients was developed and validated. Four HBV DNA reference panels, and 96 plasma samples of chronic hepatitis B patients were analyzed. Results were compared with total HBV DNA levels, individual ALT levels and the Histology Activity Index (HAI). This cccDNA assay had a lower limit of detection at 15 copies/PCR, a lower limit of quantitation at 91 copies/PCR and a correlation coefficient (R) of 0.98 (P < 0.0001). cccDNA was detected in two of four international panels. Significant correlation was found between cccDNA and total HBV DNA levels in both panels (R = 0.96, and R = 0.43) and in samples of the chronic hepatitis B patients (R = 0.88, P < 0.0001). In 57% of these samples cccDNA was detectable. Mean level of cccDNA was 0.16% of total HBV load. Plasma cccDNA levels were higher in HBeAg positive samples than in HBeAg negative samples (4.91 log copies/ml vs. 3.88 log copies/ml, P < 0.0001). Levels of total HBV DNA and HBV genotype did not influence cccDNA detection. ALT levels and HAI-score were not correlated with plasma cccDNA levels. These findings suggest that cccDNA levels in plasma are not the result of increased hepatocyte degeneration, but indicate that other mechanisms might be responsible.
The 1993 IGTI Scholar Lecture: Loss Mechanisms in Turbomachines (1993)

The origins and effects of loss in turbomachines are discussed with the emphasis on trying to understand the physical origins of loss rather than on reviewing the available prediction methods. Loss is defined in terms of entropy increase and the relationship of this to the more familiar loss coefficients is derived and discussed. The sources of entropy are, in general: viscous effects in boundary layers, viscous effects in mixing processes, shock waves, and heat transfer across temperature differences. These are first discussed in general and then the results are applied to turbomachinery flows. Understanding of the loss due to heat transfer requires some discussion of cycle thermodynamics. Sections are devoted to discussing blade boundary layer and trailing edge loss, tip leakage loss, endwall loss, effects of heat transfer, and miscellaneous losses. The loss arising from boundary layer separation is particularly difficult to quantify. Most of the discussion is based on axial flow machines, but a separate section is devoted to the special problems of radial flow machines. In some cases, e.g., attached blade boundary layers, the loss mechanisms are well understood, but even so the loss can seldom be predicted with great accuracy. In many other cases, e.g., endwall loss, the loss mechanisms are still not clearly understood and prediction methods remain very dependent on correlations. The paper emphasizes that the use of correlations should not be a substitute for trying to understand the origins of loss, and suggests that a good physical understanding of the latter may be more valuable than a quantitative prediction.
Inhibitors of hydroperoxide metabolism enhance ascorbate-induced cytotoxicity (2012)

Pharmacological ascorbate, via its oxidation, has been proposed as a pro-drug for the delivery of H(2)O(2) to tumors. Pharmacological ascorbate decreases clonogenic survival of pancreatic cancer cells, which can be reversed by treatment with scavengers of H(2)O(2). The goal of this study was to determine if inhibitors of intracellular hydroperoxide detoxification could enhance the cytotoxic effects of ascorbate. Human pancreatic cancer cells were treated with ascorbate alone or in combination with inhibitors of hydroperoxide removal including the glutathione disulfide reductase inhibitor 1,3 bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosurea (BCNU), siRNA targeted to glutathione disulfide reductase (siGR), and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), which inhibits glucose metabolism. Changes in the intracellular concentration of H(2)O(2) were determined by analysis of the rate of aminotriazole-mediated inactivation of endogenous catalase activity. Pharmacological ascorbate increased intracellular H(2)O(2) and depleted intracellular glutathione. When inhibitors of H(2)O(2) metabolism were combined with pharmacological ascorbate the increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) was amplified and cytotoxicity was enhanced. We conclude that inclusion of agents that inhibit cellular peroxide removal produced by pharmacological ascorbate leads to changes in the intracellular redox state resulting in enhanced cytotoxicity.
What Works in Transformative Mediator Coaching: Field Test Findings (2015)

A process for the formative assessment (coaching) of mediators practicing from the transformative orientation was field tested at six different sites. Specifically varied were whether or not the mediator&apos;s original training was in the transformative orientation, the mediator&apos;s amount of experience practicing from the transformative orientation, and whether the role-play mediation sessions were live or videotaped. In addition to drawing conclusions about the qualifications necessary for a coach and the pros and cons of videotaped sessions versus live stop-action sessions, we developed guidelines for structuring the coaching process. We also identified a range of possible uses of the process. WHAT WORKS IN TRANSFORMATIVE MEDIATOR COACHING: FIELD TEST FINDINGS In 2001, Antes and Saul described a mediator assessment process de-
Inductance measurement method for permanent magnet synchronous motors using AC with DC bias (2008)

We have developed a method that uses AC with a DC bias to measure the inductances (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> , L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> ) of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). Such motors are widely used in electrical equipment because they are highly efficient. Our method can be used to measure nonlinear characteristics of a PMSM, such as magnetic flux and inductance with cross-magnetization. We have compared our method with a conventional method and the results of a finite-element method analysis. The comparisons with the finite-element method analysis revealed that our method can be used to accurately determine the inductances of PMSMs, which is necessary in some vector control strategies.
Protamylasse, a Residual Compound of Industrial Starch Production, Provides a Suitable Medium for Large-Scale Cyanophycin Production (2005)

Protamylasse is a residual compound occurring during the industrial production of starch from potatoes. It contains a variety of nutrients and all necessary minerals and could be used as a carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for the growth of bacteria and also for cyanophycin (CGP) biosynthesis. Media containing protamylasse as the sole compound diluted only in water were therefore examined for their suitability in CGP production. Among various bacterial strains investigated in this study, a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli DH1 harboring plasmid pMa/c5-914::cphA6803, which carries the cyanophycin synthetase structural gene (cphA) from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803, was found to be most suitable. Various cultivation conditions for high CGP contents were first optimized in shake flask cultures. The optimized conditions were then successfully applied to 30- and 500-liter fermentation scales in stirred tank reactors. A maximum CGP content of 28% (wt/wt) CGP per cell dry matter was obtained in 6% (vol/vol) protamylasse medium at an initial pH of 7.0 within a cultivation period of only 24 h. The CGP contents obtained with this recombinant strain employing protamylasse medium were higher than those obtained with the same strain cultivated in mineral salts medium or in expensive commercial complex media such as Luria-Bertani or Terrific broth. It was shown that most amino acids present in the protamylasse medium were almost completely utilized by the cells during cultivation. Exceptions were alanine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and most interestingly, arginine. Furthermore, CGP was easily isolated from protamylasse-grown cells by applying the acid extraction method. The CGP exhibited a molecular mass of about 26 to 30 kDa and was composed of 50% (mol/mol) aspartate, 46% (mol/mol) arginine, and 4% (mol/mol) lysine. The use of cheap residual protamylasse could contribute in establishing an economically and also ecologically feasible process for the biotechnological production of CGP.
Low-Polarization-Dependent Silica Waveguide Monolithically Integrated on SOI Photonic Platform (2013)

We developed a low-polarization-dependent silica waveguide, which was based on multi-layer core and fabricated at low temperature. We experimentally confirmed its low polarization dependence, and monolithically integrated it with silicon photonic dynamic devices.
Efficient Visible Light Nitrogen Fixation with BiOBr Nanosheets of Oxygen Vacancies on the Exposed {001} Facets (2015)

Even though the well-established Haber-Bosch process has been the major artificial way to "fertilize" the earth, its energy-intensive nature has been motivating people to learn from nitrogenase, which can fix atmospheric N2 to NH3 in vivo under mild conditions with its precisely arranged proteins. Here we demonstrate that efficient fixation of N2 to NH3 can proceed under room temperature and atmospheric pressure in water using visible light illuminated BiOBr nanosheets of oxygen vacancies in the absence of any organic scavengers and precious-metal cocatalysts. The designed catalytic oxygen vacancies of BiOBr nanosheets on the exposed {001} facets, with the availability of localized electrons for π-back-donation, have the ability to activate the adsorbed N2, which can thus be efficiently reduced to NH3 by the interfacial electrons transferred from the excited BiOBr nanosheets. This study might open up a new vista to fix atmospheric N2 to NH3 through the less energy-demanding photochemical process.
Static balance for rescue robot navigation: Losing balance on purpose within random step environment (2010)

The goal of rescue robotics is to extend the capabilities and to increase the safety of human rescue teams. During a rescue mission a mobile robot is deployed on a rescue site and is operated from a safe place by a human operator. The operator can not see the robot and the environment and a decision on the path selection is very complicated. Our goal is to provide a kind of automatic “pilot system” to propose an operator a good direction or several options to traverse the environment, taking into an account the robot's static and dynamic properties. To find a good path we need a special path search algorithm on debris and a proper definition of a search tree, which can ensure smooth exploration. While the main goal of the algorithm is to keep the robot maximally stable at every step of its path, in some cases we need the robot to lose its balance and to change a 3D orientation discontinuously. Losing balance on purpose is an important feature for safe climbing up and going down the debris and it is the central issue of this paper. Exhaustive simulations were used to structure and analyze data and experiments were used to verify our approach to removing unsuitable directions of the search from the search tree.
Adsorption and Desorption Properties of Coalbed Methane on SBA-15 (2014)

The adsorption and desorption properties of coalbed methane on SBA-15 and activated carbon (AC) with the same process were investigated. For the three adsorbents, the adsorption capacity to coalbed methane is the following sequence, activated carbon > SBA-15. The results showed that coalbed methane desorbed from the surface of SBA-15 is easily compared with the other materials. However activated carbon is easier than both of them. Both of adsorption capacity and adsorption strength of SBA-15 sample to coalbed methane are lower than the other two adsorbents, most likely due to the pore diameter of the SBA-15 sample is larger to the molecular diameter of methane. However SBA-15 sample has a larger pore size and specific surface area relative to conventional materials sample, which result in a large value of adsorption capacity of modified SBA-15 sample to coalbed methane. In addition, although the adsorption capacity of SBA-15 sample to coalbed methane is lower in contrast to activated carbon, modified SBA-15 sample is easy to regenerate and has a short time of desorption. Hence, SBA-15 sample, as an adsorbent, is a good choice for the condition of low concentration of coalbed methane.
The Assesment for CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration Potential by Magnesium silicate Minerals in Turkey: Cases of Orhaneli-Bursa and Divrigi-Sivas Regions (2008)

This paper examines the CO 2 sequestration potential of magnesium silicate minerals in Turkey for two example cases, the Orhaneli-Bursa and Divrigi-Sivas regions. The distribution and properties of the silicate mineral deposits are provided and the quantities of CO 2 that can be sequestered in these deposits is estimated. The silicate minerals in the Orhaneli and Divrigi deposits provide significant CO 2 sequestration capacity. Assuming 100% mineral carbonation efficiency, approximately 2.4 million tons/year of olivine and 6.5 million tons/year of serpentine would be required to sequester the CO 2 released by the power plants investigated in this study. Although more detailed studies are needed, it is concluded that this approach has potential given Turkey's large dunite (olivine) and serpentine reserves. Furthermore, the proximity of these deposits and active open-pit mines to thermal power plants emitting CO 2 facilitate the utilization of mineral carbonation.
Intramuscular β<sub>2</sub>-agonist administration enhances early regeneration and functional repair in rat skeletal muscle after myotoxic injury (2008)

Systemic administration of beta(2)-adrenoceptor agonists (beta(2)-agonists) can improve skeletal muscle regeneration after injury. However, therapeutic application of beta(2)-agonists for muscle injury has been limited by detrimental cardiovascular side effects. Intramuscular administration may obviate some of these side effects. To test this hypothesis, the right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle from rats was injected with bupivacaine hydrochloride to cause complete muscle fiber degeneration. Five days after injury, half of the injured muscles received an intramuscular injection of formoterol (100 mug). Muscle function was assessed at 7, 10, and 14 days after injury. A single intramuscular injection of formoterol increased muscle mass and force-producing capacity at day 7 by 17 and 91%, respectively, but this effect was transient because these values were not different from control levels at day 10. A second intramuscular injection of formoterol at day 7 prolonged the increase in muscle mass and force-producing capacity. Importantly, single or multiple intramuscular injections of formoterol did not elicit cardiac hypertrophy. To characterize any potential cardiovascular effects of intramuscular formoterol administration, we instrumented a separate group of rats with indwelling radio telemeters. Following an intramuscular injection of formoterol, heart rate increased by 18%, whereas systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased by 31 and 44%, respectively. These results indicate that intramuscular injection can enhance functional muscle recovery after injury without causing cardiac hypertrophy. Therefore, if the transient cardiovascular effects associated with intramuscular formoterol administration can be minimized, this form of treatment may have significant therapeutic potential for muscle-wasting conditions.