gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linkage analysis of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY): genetic heterogeneity and nonpenetrance. (1992)

We have analyzed the inheritance of maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) on chromosome 20 in a large multigeneration family, the R.-W. family, and in two other MODY families. Of the four branches of the R.-W. pedigree which have been studied, two have documented early onset of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), while there is no evidence of early onset in the other two branches. The early-onset branches have apparently inherited the same D20S16 allele from the affected parent, while another D20S16 allele was inherited in the two branches without evidence of early onset. A test for homogeneity, the M-test, using the results of two-point linkage analysis with D20S16 indicates heterogeneity between early- and late-onset branches of the R.-W. family (P less than or equal to .014). In addition, analysis strongly suggests that MODY as expressed in the EDI and WIS families is unlinked to loci on chromosome 20 (P less than or equal to .018-.004). Comparable results are seen when the data are analyzed by the HOMOG program. Three polymorphic loci-D20S16, D20S17, and ADA--show no recombination with the MODY locus when two-point linkage analysis is used in the early-onset branches of the family. The multipoint lod score in the early-onset branches of the R.-W. family is 10.16, with the most likely location being between D20S4 and D20S17. Multipoint linkage analysis using the CHROMPICS option of the program CRI-MAP has been used to follow inheritance of the MODY disease locus. This analysis has identified two cases of possible nonpenetrance in the early-onset branches of the family (odds of at least 156:1), as determined by the appearance of apparent isolated double crossovers at the MODY locus in these unaffected individuals.
Characterization of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) US2 gene product and a US2-deficient HSV-2 mutant. (1998)

The herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) US2 gene product was identified by using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum raised against a recombinant 6 x His-US2 fusion protein expressed in Escherichia coli. The antiserum reacted specifically with a 39 kDa protein in HSV-2 strain 186-infected cell lysates. The protein was not detectable in the presence of the virus DNA synthesis inhibitor phosphonoacetic acid. Indirect immunofluorescence studies localized the US2 protein in the cytoplasm and as discrete granules at late times post-infection within and at the periphery of the nucleus, and nuclear fractionation studies showed that the protein was partially associated with the nuclear matrix of infected cells. The protein was easily detected in purified virions. Also, a US2 insertion mutant was constructed which contained an ICP6-lacZ insertion in the US2 gene. This mutant was as virulent as wild-type virus in mice when inoculated by the footpad route. The importance of the US2 protein of HSV-2 in the virus life-cycle may be apparent only in the natural human host.
Design of a variable damping mechanism for shoulder joint tracking device (2017)

This paper proposes an improved design of the previously devised low-end robot system for comprehensive shoulder rehabilitation. It focuses on depicting the design of a variable damping mechanism. The low-end robot system consists of an actuation module and a passive shoulder joint tracking mechanism. Unlike conventional rehabilitation devices, this robot system tracks the gleno-humeral joint and allows more natural shoulder motion during rehabilitation exercises. The system provides five control modes. However, in active exercise modes, the system offers an inadequate shoulder joint tracking. This is due to an external force applied to the device by the user's arm. To solve this problem, a variable damping mechanism is designed. This mechanism is composed of a constant load spring, a micro electromagnetic clutch, and a rotary damper. During the passive stretching mode, the clutch is deactivated and only the constant load spring rotates. So the mechanism works in the same way as the previous robot system. For stretching modes in which the patient applies force to the device, the clutch is turned on. This allows the rotary damper and the constant load spring to rotate together at the same speed. In other words, damping is applied to the system, adding an extra weight supporting force to the mechanism. Due to an increased force, the external force applied to the device is compensated, and the mechanism regains its shoulder joint tracking ability. The extent of extra weight supporting force depends on the rotary damper's characteristics. The variable damping mechanism remodels the previous design and allows an enhanced shoulder joint tracking.
Change with Delayed Labeling: When is it Detectable? (2010)

Handling changes over time in supervised learning (concept drift) lately has received a great deal of attention, a number of adaptive learning strategies have been developed. Most of them make an optimistic assumption that the new labels become available immediately. In real sequential classification tasks it is often unrealistic due to task specific delayed labeling or associated labeling costs. We address the problem of change detectability, given, that the new labels are not available. In this analytical study we look at the space of changes from probabilistic perspective to analyze, what changes are detectable without seeing the labels and what are not. We conduct a range of experiments with real life data with simulated and natural changes to explore this detectability issue. We propose a computationally friendly detection technique, which monitors a stream of classifier outputs. We demonstrate analytically and experimentally, what types of changes are possible to detect when the labels for the new data are not available.
Estrogen Actions on Follicle Formation and Early Follicle Development1 (2004)

Estradiol-17beta (E(2)) affects late follicular development, whereas primordial follicle differentiation and early activation are believed to be independent of E(2). To test this hypothesis we compared numbers of primordial and primary follicles in wild-type and E(2)-deficient, aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice, and the immunohistochemical staining or mRNA expression of Mullerian inhibiting substance (MIS), Wilms tumor 1 (WT-1), and growth differentiation factor (GDF9), which are known to effect early follicular differentiation. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining was a marker of proliferative index. The effects of E(2) replacement for 3 wk in 7-wk-old ArKO and wild-type mice on these parameters were also tested. ArKO mice had reduced numbers of primordial and primary follicles compared with wild-type mice (63%, P < 0.001 and 60%, P = 0.062, respectively). This reduction was not corrected by E(2) treatment, suggesting that E(2) affects the initial formation or activation of primordial follicles. There was a significant increase in the diameters of the oocytes in primordial follicles of ArKO mice compared with mice of the wild type. There were no differences in the immunostaining of MIS, WT-1, and PCNA in primordial and primary follicles between wild-type and ArKO mice. The only difference was as a consequence of Sertoli and Leydig cells that develop in ovaries of ArKO mice. GDF9 mRNA expression was markedly increased in ArKO ovaries. E(2) treatment restored the ovarian follicular morphology in ArKO mice, and consequently the immunostaining patterns, but had no effect on early follicle numbers. In conclusion, E(2) has a role in controlling the size of the oocyte and primordial follicle pool in mice.
Planar GaAs Detector-Amplifier Circuits (1987)

Monolithic GaAs detector-amplifier channels and arrays have been fabricated for use in the 0.81 - 0.85 pm wavelength range. The circuits were fabricated using a multilayered GaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs structure grown on semi-insulating GaAs. The AlGaAs layer provided electrical isolation between the upper MESFET layer and the lower n- photoconductor layer. Typical rise times of discrete photoconductors in response to 0.84 μm wavelength optical exci-tation were in the range of 1.5 - 4 ns. Rise and fall times of integrated detector-amplifier single channel circuits of 9 ns and 28 ns, respectively, were observed in response to 0.84 pm optical excitation.
SUBSTITUTED PHENYLACETYLENES. INFRARED SPECTRA (1963)

A series of substituted phenylacetylenes has been prepared and their infrared spectra recorded. The C≡C and ≡C—H stretching frequencies are only slightly affected by substituents in the phenyl ring. Substituents in the 4-position cause a splitting of the ≡C—H band into two clearly resolved bands of similar intensity, about 10 cm −1 apart.
CHEMICAL PENETRATION ENHANCERS: FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS (2014)

The evolutionary development of the human skin as a protective potential barrier which keep noxious substances out of the body, also maintaining the body temperature and prevent excessive loss of water from the internal organs. Rather than its barrier properties, strategies have developed to deliver the drugs through the skin. One approach in improving transdermal drug delivery (across the skin) by reversibly decreasing the barrier resistance is the use of chemical penetration enhancers (CPEs). Numbers of compounds have been evaluated for penetration enhancing activity, including alcohols, azone, esters, glycols, fatty acids, pyrrolidones, sulphoxides, terpenes etc. The present review considers the various types of CPEs and their mechanisms of action. The emphasis is on in-vivo and in-vitro studies which focus on limitations associated with skin permeation collected data; penetration enhancers may disrupt the packing of intercellular lipid matrix, increasing drug partitioning into the tissue or intracellular keratin domains by acting as a solvent for the drug within the membrane. A further potential mechanism of action, for example as enhancers alters metabolic activity within the skin, or exerting an influence on the thermodynamic activity/solubility of the drug in its vehicle are also feasible, and also importance of penetration enhancers considered in this review.
Artificial arterial blood pressure artifact models and an evaluation of a robust blood pressure and heart rate estimator (2009)

The KF/SQI-fusion method described in this article was shown to provide an accurate estimate of blood pressure and HR derived from the ABP waveform even in the presence of high levels of persistent noise and artifact, and during extreme bradycardia and tachycardia. Differences in error between artifact types, measurement sensors and the quality of the source signal can be factored into physiological estimation using an unbiased adaptive filter, signal innovation and signal quality measures.
Placement optimization using behavior based software agents and the genetic algorithm (2002)

Agents are defined as software components that communicate with their peers by exchanging messages in a communication language. They are used in the placer server of the Agents system, a distributed, client-server system that generates mask level layout of full custom VLSI leaf cells. The system is formed from four server programs: the Placer, Router, Database and Broker. This paper describes the placer server which uses groups of these small software agents and the genetic algorithm to place optimally the components of a leaf cell.
The Preparation of Methoxysilanes by the Interaction of Monosilane and Methanol<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Methoxysilanes by the Interaction of Monosilane and Methanol1Burt Sternbach and Alan G. MacDiarmidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 19, 5109–5110Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01528a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01528a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views225Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extending Multicore Architectures to Exploit Hybrid Parallelism in Single-thread Applications (2007)

Chip multiprocessors with multiple simpler cores are gaining popularity because they have the potential to drive future performance gains without exacerbating the problems of power dissipation and complexity. Current chip multiprocessors increase throughput by utilizing multiple cores to perform computation in parallel. These designs provide real benefits for server-class applications that are explicitly multi-threaded. However, for desktop and other systems where single-thread applications dominate, multicore systems have yet to offer much benefit. Chip multiprocessors are most efficient at executing coarse-grain threads that have little communication. However, general-purpose applications do not provide many opportunities for identifying such threads, due to frequent use of pointers, recursive data structures, if-then-else branches, small function bodies, and loops with small trip counts. To attack this mismatch, this paper proposes a multicore architecture, referred to as Voltron that extends traditional multicore systems in two ways. First, it provides a dual-mode scalar operand network to enable efficient inter-core communication and lightweight synchronization. Second, Voltron can organize the cores for execution in either coupled or decoupled mode. In coupled mode, the cores execute multiple instruction streams in lock-step to collectively function as a wide-issue VLIW. In decoupled mode, the cores execute a set of fine-grain communicating threads extracted by the compiler. This paper describes the Voltron architecture and associated compiler support for orchestrating bi-modal execution
Genetic Polymorphisms Influencing Arsenic Metabolism in Human: Evidence from Vietnam (2008)

We numerically investigate the scintillation index of an elliptical vortex beam in both modest turbulence and strong turbulence. Numerical simulations are realized with random phase screen scheme. It is shown that the on-axis scintillation index can be effectively reduced by an elliptical vortex beam if crucial parameters are properly chosen. The mechanisms of scintillation reduction in turbulence of different strengths are different. We find that the topological charge and the ratio of minor axis to major axis of an elliptical vortex beam are important in determining the on-axis scintillation index. Our simulation results indicate that using an elliptical vortex beam is a promising strategy to alleviate atmospheric influence on free space optical communication link.
Nonlinear parasitics in MODFETs and MODFET I-V characteristics (1988)

A large-signal analysis of the source and drain resistance of MODFETs is reported. Velocity saturation in the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and hypothetical rectifying effects in the n/sup +/-AlGaAs-i-GaAs interface are accounted for. Rectifying effects are found to be either absent or negligible. Current limitations in the 2DEG lead to the observed compression of the transconductance at large gate voltages, and an improved fit of the MODFET I-V characteristics is demonstrated using an approximate analytic formulation of the current-limited parasitic resistance. The high-frequency dependence of the source and drain resistance is also reported. A decrease of the source impedance for frequencies increasing from 1-30 GHz is predicted and can reach 30%, depending on the device structure. Such a frequency decrease of the parasitics is consistent with the reported increase of the effective transconductance of MODFETs at microwave frequencies. The reported frequency and current-limited parasitic models rely on parameters that can either be measured or calculated and are therefore appropriate for CAD applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of Viral Vectors for Gene Therapy for Chronic Pain (2011)

Chronic pain is a major health concern that affects millions of people. There are no adequate long-term therapies for chronic pain sufferers, leading to significant cost for both society and the individual. The most commonly used therapy for chronic pain is the application of opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but these drugs can lead to addiction and may cause side effects. Further studies of the mechanisms of chronic pain have opened the way for development of new treatment strategies, one of which is gene therapy. The key to gene therapy is selecting safe and highly efficient gene delivery systems that can deliver therapeutic genes to overexpress or suppress relevant targets in specific cell types. Here we review several promising viral vectors that could be applied in gene transfer for the treatment of chronic pain and further discuss the possible mechanisms of genes of interest that could be delivered with viral vectors for the treatment of chronic pain.
Residual stresses in selective laser sintering and selective laser melting (2006)

Purpose This paper presents an investigation into residual stresses in selective laser sintering (SLS) and selective laser melting (SLM), aiming at a better understanding of this phenomenon. Design/methodology/approach First, the origin of residual stresses is explored and a simple theoretical model is developed to predict residual stress distributions. Next, experimental methods are used to measure the residual stress profiles in a set of test samples produced with different process parameters. Findings Residual stresses are found to be very large in SLM parts. In general, the residual stress profile consists of two zones of large tensile stresses at the top and bottom of the part, and a large zone of intermediate compressive stress in between. The most important parameters determining the magnitude and shape of the residual stress profiles are the material properties, the sample and substrate height, the laser scanning strategy and the heating conditions. Research limitations/implications All experiments were conducted on parts produced from stainless steel powder (316L) and quantitative results cannot be simply extrapolated to other materials. However, most qualitative results can still be generalized. Originality/value This paper can serve as an aid in understanding the importance of residual stresses in SLS/SLM and other additive manufacturing processes involving a localized heat input. Some of the conclusions can be used to avoid problems associated with residual stresses.
Characterization of the interaction of human C4b-binding protein with physiological ligands. (1984)

The binding of C4b to C4b-binding protein (C4BP) was demonstrated at physiological ionic strength by analytical ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation rate of C4BP gradually increased from 9.4 S to a maximum of 18.5 S with increasing C4b concentration. The stoichiometry of different C4BP X C4b complexes was calculated from the sedimentation-velocity data. A linear relationship was established between the number of C4b bound per C4BP and the sedimentation rate of the complex. In order to define further the C4BP-C4b interaction, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation was also used. Trace amounts of 125I-C4BP were centrifuged through 12 sucrose density gradients, each of which contained a different concentration of C4b throughout the gradient. The sedimentation rate of the C4BP increased with increasing C4b input to a maximum of 19.5 S. These binding data, in conjunction with the stoichiometry measurements determined in the analytical ultracentrifuge, were analyzed by the methods of Scatchard and Hill. At physiological ionic strength, C4BP exhibited four binding sites for C4b, each having an association constant of 1.2 X 10(7) M-1. A Hill coefficient of 1.1 was calculated, indicating that the four binding sites were independent. At reduced ionic strength, two additional sites were detected. The sedimentation coefficient of C4BP(C4b)6 was 24 S. The hydrodynamic data suggest that after four C4b molecules have bound to C4BP, the binding of additional C4b is sterically hindered. This interpretation implies that all six binding sites on C4BP are identical. C4BP also bound C4(H2O) (the product resulting from spontaneous hydrolysis of the thiol ester bond in native C4) and weakly bound C4c, but had no measurable affinity for native C4 or C4d at physiological ionic strength. A low-affinity interaction between C3b and C4BP was also demonstrated in the analytical ultracentrifuge. The C4BP X C3b complex was specific because C4BP mediated the cleavage of C3b by Factor I to C3bi with concomitant dissociation of the complex.
Signaling and transcriptional regulation in osteoblast commitment and differentiation (2007)

The major event that triggers osteogenesis is the transition of mesenchymal stem cells into bone forming, differentiating osteoblast cells. Osteoblast differentiation is the primary component of bone formation, exemplified by the synthesis, deposition and mineralization of extracellular matrix. Although not well understood, osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells is a well-orchestrated process. Recent advances in molecular and genetic studies using gene targeting in mouse enable a better understanding of the multiple factors and signaling networks that control the differentiation process at a molecular level. Osteoblast commitment and differentiation are controlled by complex activities involving signal transduction and transcriptional regulation of gene expression. We review Wnt signaling pathway and Runx2 regulation network, which are critical for osteoblast differentiation. Many other factors and signaling pathways have been implicated in regulation of osteoblast differentiation in a network manner, such as the factors Osterix, ATF4, and SATB2 and the TGF-beta, Hedgehog, FGF, ephrin, and sympathetic signaling pathways. This review summarizes the recent advances in the studies of signaling transduction pathways and transcriptional regulation of osteoblast cell lineage commitment and differentiation. The knowledge of osteoblast commitment and differentiation should be applied towards the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic alternatives for human bone diseases.
A technique for modelling S-parameters for HEMT structures as a function of gate bias (1992)

A physically based technique for modeling HEMT structure S-parameters is presented. The core of the model is directly dependent on the HEMT wafer structure and the physical gate length. The model accurately predicts the device's S-parameters as a function of the applied gate bias. The physical basis facilitates the modeling of different types of HEMT structures. Measured S-parameters and simulation results over a frequency range of 1 to 25 GHz are presented for three different HEMT structures: uniformly doped, GaAs channel; pulse-doped, GaAs channel; and uniformly doped, strained InGaAs channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>