gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)3 Receptors: Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Therapeutic Importance (1996)

The 5-HT3 receptor is unique among known monoamine receptors in that, rather than being a G­ protein-coupled receptor, it forms a ligand-gated ion channel. In the CNS, this receptor is found in high density in· nuclei of the lower brainstem, area postrema and nucleus of the tractus solitarius. Lower densities of the receptor are found in the cerebral cortex and limbic areas, including the hippocampus. In the periphery, 5-HT3 receptors are located on pre- and postganglionic neurons of both sensory and enteric nervous systems. The receptor is a pentameric protein with multiple agonist and allosteric ligand binding sites. Thus it has structural and functional similarities with nicotinic, GABAergic and, other ligand gated ion channels. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been shown to produce beneficial effects in animal models of cognitive and psychiatric disorders. Whether 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may have similar profound effects in the treatment of anxiety, depression or psychosis will be determined by the outcome of ongoing clinical trials. However, it is in the treatment of cancer chemotherapy induced emesis that 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have had their·greatest impact. The cytotoxic agents used in cancer chemotherapy provoke the release of 5-HT from enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. This 5-HT acts on 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system or on peripheral vagal afferent fibers to initiate vomit reflexes. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists block this action and thereby greatly reduce the number of emetic episodes that occur during cancer chemotherapy. The marked clinical efficacy of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists such as ondansetron, granisetron and tropisetron together with their lack of adverse side effects has revolutionized the treatment of cancer chemotherapy induced emesis.
Writing Funny: Hey, Listen to This! (1995)

Preview this article: Writing Funny: Hey, Listen to This!, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/vm/2/3/voicesfromthemiddle5387-1.gif
ChemInform Abstract: The Tartrolons, New Boron‐Containing Antibiotics from a Myxobacterium, Sorangium cellulosum. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Overexpression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 in PC-3 human prostate cancer cells increases tumorigenesis (2001)

The effect of overexpression of 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) was studied in the human prostate cancer cell line, PC-3. Stable PC-3 cell lines were generated by transfection with 15-LO-1-sense (15-LOS), 15-LO-1-antisense (15-LOAS) or vector (Zeo) and selection with Zeocin. After characterization by RT-PCR, western and HPLC, a PC3-15LOS clone was selected that possessed 10-fold 15-LO-1 enzyme activity compared with parental PC-3 cells. The PC3-15LOAS clone displayed little or no 15-LO-1 activity. These PC-3 cell lines were characterized for properties of tumorigenesis. The proliferation rates of the cell lines were as follows: PC3-15LOS > PC-3 = PC3-Zeo > PC3-15LOAS. Addition of a specific 15-LO-1 inhibitor, PD146176, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation in vitro. Overexpression of 15-LO-1 also caused [(3)H]thymidine incorporation to increase by 4.0-fold (P < 0.01). Compared with parental and PC-3-Zeo cells, PC3-15LOS enhanced whereas PC3-15LOAS reduced the ability of PC-3 cells to grow in an anchorage-independent manner, as assessed by colony formation in soft agar. These data suggested a pro-tumorigenic role for 15-LO-1 in PC-3 cells in vitro. Therefore, to clarify the role of 15-LO-1 in vivo, the effect of 15-LO-1 expression on the growth of tumors in nude mice was investigated. The PC-3 cell lines were inoculated subcutaneously into athymic nude mice. The frequency of tumor formation was increased and the sizes of the tumors formed were much larger in the PC3-15LOS compared with PC3-15LOAS, parental PC-3 and PC-3-Zeo cells. Immunohistochemistry for 15-LO-1 confirmed expression throughout the duration of the experiment. The expression of factor VIII, an angiogenesis marker, in tumor sections was increased in tumors derived from PC3-15LOS cells and decreased in those from PC3-15LOAS cells compared with tumors from parental or Zeo cells. These data further supported the evaluation by ELISA of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion by PC-3 cells in culture. Secretion of this angiogenic factor was elevated in PC3-15LOS cells compared with the other cell lines. These results support a role for 15-LO-1 in a novel growth-promoting pathway in the prostate.
Cargo capacity of phages and plasmids and other factors influencing horizontal transfers of prokaryote transposable elements (2012)

Horizontal transfer of transposable elements (TEs) plays a key role in prokaryote genome evolution. Most TEs do not encode the enzymatic machinery allowing them to transfer between host cells and it is widely assumed in the literature that horizontal transfer of prokaryote TEs is mediated by other mobile genetic elements such as phages and plasmids. In a recent study, we have shown that phages are less tolerant to insertion sequences (IS, the most frequent class of prokaryote TEs) and therefore have a lower cargo capacity than plasmids. Consequently, while our analysis confirmed the crucial role of plasmids as efficient vehicles of IS horizontal transfer, we concluded that phages are unlikely to efficiently shuttle IS elements between prokaryotes. Here, we discuss whether or not the distribution pattern observed for IS elements in phages and plasmids also holds for other TEs, such as transposons and mobile introns. We also further explore various factors that may impact the relative capacity of phages and plasmids to mediate TE horizontal transfer among prokaryotes.
Physical and Fuzzy Logic Modeling of a Flip-Chip Thermocompression Bonding Process (1993)

Flip-Chip connections using gold-to-gold, gold-to-aluminum, or gold-to-solder bondings or contacts enhanced by epoxy are low-cost alternatives to soldering. To assist their technology advancements, we have developed yield models for a representative assembly process with flip-chip, thermocompression bondings. Based on bonding mechanics, a physical yield model has been developed to characterize the process. Then, a fuzzy logic model has been established to improve the modeling’s accuracy by including experimental data. The physical yield model can predict the assembly yield as a function of forces and planarities of the end effector, bump height variations, bump geometries, mechanical properties corresponding to different materials and temperatures, and distribution patterns of bumps. Consistent with our experimental experience, the calculated force level for a high-yield process was around 3000 gmf for a 30-gold-bump chip with a bump diameter of 60 μm and a height of 50 μm. The fuzzy logic model can be trained and adjusted by the results of physical models and experiments. It correlates very well to the nonlinear relationships between the yield and the assembly parameters, and has a self-learning capability to update itself with new data. Such capabilities have been demonstrated by studying the bonding on a substrate with or without a compliant layer.
Genetic Profiling in Human Adipose Tissue-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells from the Idiopathic and Familial Parkin-Deficient Patients of Parkinson`s Disease in Comparison with non-PD patients (2010)

Purpose: With an approach of carrying out a transcriptome microarray analysis using early-passage adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells from human adult patients with early-onset hereditary parkin deficient Parkinson`s disease (PD) as well as late-onset idiopathic PD, we aimed to understand brain pathology in PD patients. Methods: Here, we isolated human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hAD-MSCs) of patients with idiopathic PD and parkin deficient PD in comparison with non-PD patients and profiled their gene expression using Affymetrix cDNA microarray analysis. Human adipose tissue is a rich source of MSCs, providing an abundant and accessible source of adult stem cells. Results: The hAD-MSCs of patients with idiopathic PD were named as "PD", with parkin deficient PD as "Parkin" and with pituitary adenoma as "non-PD" shortly. Initially, Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs, total 413 genes) were classified and summarized among non-PD, PD and Parkin. Moreover, using K-mean clustering analysis, we grouped DEGs into 7 clusters and gene names and genebank accession numbers between 2 and 6 were arranged. Additionally, the functional groups of human biomarker candidates were organized and compared between non-PD vs. PD and non-PD vs. Parkin. Finally, PD-related differentially regulated genes by oxidative stress were categorized among non-PD, PD and Parkin. Conclusions: This study showed that knowledge of selective gene expression profile derived from PD patients might potentially lead to better understanding of PD pathology and development of early diagnosis and effective therapy targeted their human biomarkers.
Devices that tell on you: privacy trends in consumer ubiquitous computing (2007)

We analyze three new consumer electronic gadgets in order to gauge the privacy and security trends in massmarket UbiComp devices. Our study of the Slingbox Pro uncovers a new information leakage vector for encrypted streaming multimedia. By exploiting properties of variable bitrate encoding schemes, we show that a passive adversary can determine with high probability the movie that a user is watching via her Slingbox, even when the Slingbox uses encryption. We experimentally evaluated our method against a database of over 100 hours of network traces for 26 distinct movies. Despite an opportunity to provide significantly more location privacy than existing devices, like RFIDs, we find that an attacker can trivially exploit the Nike+iPod Sport Kit’s design to track users; we demonstrate this with a GoogleMaps-based distributed surveillance system. We also uncover security issues with the way Microsoft Zunes manage their social relationships. We show how these products’ designers could have significantly raised the bar against some of our attacks. We also use some of our attacks to motivate fundamental security and privacy challenges for future UbiComp devices.
Sensitivity of a subregional scale atmospheric inverse CO<sub>2</sub>modeling framework to boundary conditions (2010)

We present an atmospheric inverse modeling framework to constrain terrestrial biosphere CO 2 exchange processes at subregional scales. The model is operated at very high spatial and temporal resolution, using the state of Oregon in the northwestern United States as the model domain. The modeling framework includes mesoscale atmospheric simulations coupled to Lagrangian transport, a biosphere flux model that considers, e.g., the effects of drought stress and disturbance on photosynthesis and respiration CO 2 fluxes, and a Bayesian optimization approach. This study focuses on the impact of uncertainties in advected background mixing ratios and fossil fuel emissions on simulated flux fields, both taken from external data sets. We found the simulations to be highly sensitive to systematic changes in advected background CO 2 , while shifts in fossil fuel emissions played a minor role. Correcting for offsets in the background mixing ratios shifted annual CO 2 budgets by about 47% and improved the correspondence with the output produced by bottom‐up modeling frameworks. Inversion results were robust against shifts in fossil fuel emissions, which is likely a consequence of relatively low emission rates in Oregon.
Transaction-level modeling for architectural and power analysis of PowerPC and CoreConnect-based systems (2005)

Transaction-Level models have emerged as an efficient way of modeling systems-on-chip, with acceptable simulation speed and modeling accuracy. Nevertheless, the high complexity of current architectures and bus protocols make it very challenging to develop and verify such models. This paper presents the transaction-level models developed at IBM for PowerPC and CoreConnect-based systems. These models can be simulated in a SystemC environment for functional verification and power estimation. Detailed transaction-based power models were developed. Comparisons between the simulated models and real hardware resulted in errors below 15% in timing accuracy, and below 11% in power estimation compared against gate-level power. These results demonstrate the efficiency of our transaction-level models for early analysis and design space exploration.
NOMA for Future Cellular Systems (2016)

Recently, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has gained more attention as a candidate multiple access scheme for future radio access. A major reason for this is that NOMA has the potential to achieve a more favorable tradeoff between system efficiency and user fairness than orthogonal multiple access (OMA), which is adopted in the 4th generation mobile communication systems such as LTE and LTE-Advanced. In this paper, we focus on downlink cellular systems. This paper gives an overview on the principle of NOMA and recent investigations. Several issues for implementing NOMA in real systems are also presented.
Changes of the proteinase binding properties and conformation of bovine .alpha.2-macroglobulin on cleavage of thio ester bonds by methylamine (1985)

Cleavage of the thio ester bonds of human alpha2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) by methylamine leads to an extensive conformational change and to inactivation of the inhibitor. In contrast, cleavage of these bonds in bovine alpha 2M only minimally perturbs the hydrodynamic volume of the protein [Dangott, L. J., & Cunningham, L. W. (1982) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 107, 1243-1251], as well as its spectroscopic properties, as analyzed by ultraviolet difference spectroscopy, circular dichroism, and fluorescence in this work. A conformational change analogous to that undergone by human alpha 2M thus does not occur in the bovine inhibitor. However, changes of several functional properties of bovine alpha 2M are induced by the amine. The apparent stoichiometry of inhibition of trypsin thus is reduced from about 1.2 to about 0.7 mol of enzyme/mol of inhibitor. In spite of this decrease, the interaction with the proteinase induces similar conformational changes in methylamine-treated alpha 2M as in intact alpha 2M, as revealed by spectroscopic analyses, indicating that the mode of binding of the proteinase to the inhibitor is essentially unperturbed by thio ester bond cleavage. The reaction with methylamine also greatly increases the sensitivity of bovine alpha 2M to proteolysis by trypsin at sites other than the "bait" region. Moreover, the second-order rate constant for the reaction with thrombin is reduced by about 10-fold. These results indicate that the thio ester bonds of bovine alpha 2M, although not required per se for the binding of proteinases, nevertheless are responsible for maintaining certain structural features of the inhibitor that are of importance for full activity.
Visual secret sharing scheme with autostereogram. (2006)

Visual secret sharing scheme (VSSS) is a secret sharing method which decodes the secret by using the contrast ability of the human visual system. Autostereogram is a single two dimensional (2D) image which becomes a virtual three dimensional (3D) image when viewed with proper eye convergence or divergence. Combing the two technologies via human vision, this paper presents a new visual secret sharing scheme called (k, n)-VSSS with autostereogram. In the scheme, each of the shares is an autostereogram. Stacking any k shares, the secret image is recovered visually without any equipment, but no secret information is obtained with less than k shares.
Overlay measurement accuracy enhancement by design and algorithm (2015)

Advanced design nodes require more complex lithography techniques, such as double patterning, as well as advanced materials like hard masks. This poses new challenge for overlay metrology and process control. In this publication several step are taken to face these challenges. Accurate overlay metrology solutions are demonstrated for advanced memory devices.
Fibroblast growth factor modulates HIV coreceptor CXCR4 expression by neural cells (2000)

Recent studies suggest that the chemokine receptor CXCR4 may be involved in mediating the neurodegenerative process in the brains of patients with acquired immunodeficiency disease (AIDS). In this context, we hypothesize that neurotrophic factors, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF), might protect against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-mediated neurotoxicity via regulating the expression of CXCR4 in neural cells. For this purpose, levels of CXCR4 were determined in neuronal and glial cell lines after FGF1 and 2 treatment. In addition, levels of CXCR4 immunoreactivity were associated with levels of FGF1 immunoreactivity in the brains of HIV-positive patients. These studies showed that neuronal CXCR4 levels decreased in a dose-dependent manner after exposure to FGF. Conversely, glial CXCR4 was increased in a dose-dependent manner after FGF2 treatment. These effects were dependent on the FGF receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathway, because FGF-induced effects on CXCR4 were blocked by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, 5'-deoxy-5'methylthioadenosine, or by anti-FGF receptor antibody. Stromal cell-derived factor-1, the ligand for CXCR4, and HIV gp120 neurotoxicity was attenuated by FGF1 in a dose-dependent manner in vitro, further supporting physiological relevance. In the brains of AIDS patients, the levels of neural CXCR4 immunoreactivity were inversely associated with FGF levels. Taken together, these results support the possibility that the neuroactive effects of FGF in HIV encephalitis might be mediated through regulation of the expression of CXCR4.
Branched-chain amino acids augment ammonia metabolism while attenuating protein breakdown during exercise (1994)

In this study, five men exercised the knee extensor muscles of one leg for 60 min (71 +/- 2% maximal work capacity) with and without (control) an oral supplement (77 mg/kg) of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA). BCAA supplementation resulted in a doubling (P < 0.05) of the arterial BCAA levels before exercise (339 +/- 15 vs. 822 +/- 86 microM). During the 60 min of exercise, the total release of BCAA was 68 +/- 93 vs. 816 +/- 198 mumol/kg (P < 0.05) for the BCAA and control trials, respectively. The intramuscular BCAA concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) for the BCAA trial and remained higher (P < 0.05) throughout exercise. In both trials, substantial quantities of NH3 were released, and when NH3 production equivalent to IMP accumulation was subtracted the net NH3 production was 1,112 +/- 279 and 1,670 +/- 245 mumol/kg (P < 0.05) for the control and BCAA trials, respectively. In contrast, the release of the essential amino acids (EAA) was much lower for the BCAA than the control trial (P < 0.05). When the BCAA were subtracted from the EAA (EAA-BCAA), the total release of EAA minus BCAA was lower (P < 0.05) for the BCAA (531 +/- 70 mumol/kg) than the control (924 +/- 148 mumol/kg) trial. These data suggest that BCAA supplementation results in significantly greater muscle NH3 production during exercise. Furthermore, the increased intramuscular and arterial BCAA levels before and during exercise result in a suppression of endogenous muscle protein breakdown during exercise.
Optical Study of Silicon Doubly Doped with Boron and Indium Acceptors (1971)

The external and internal absorption spectra of silicon doubly doped with boron and indium acceptors is studied. The observed broadening of the boron absorption lines in Si(B, In) is explained by neutral impurity scattering. The presence of indium in the Si(B, In) crystal lattice modifies the valence band Bloch states and hence the configuration interaction between the internal acceptor states and the degenerate P 3/2 valence band Bloch states. This modification is found responsible for the observed features of the boron 2p′ internal line in Si(B, In).
A User Mobility Analysis Assistive MRO algorithm for handover parameters optimization in LTE SON system (2012)

In mobile network, handover (HO) prediction and decision is necessary, important and complex part, and HO parameters are set right or not, which will directly impact user's experience and system performance. In 2G/3G systems, manual setting of HO parameters is a time consuming task and low robust way. So in 3GPP LTE TR 36.902 R9 [1], Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO) is defined to resolve the issue through self-configuring and self-optimizing method. In this paper, a new MRO algorithm named UMAA-MRO (User Mobility Analysis Assistive MRO) is proposed, in which a user mobility database and corresponding function module are setup to analyze user mobility and environment including route, time period, frequency, speed, weather, habit, etc, and help eNodeBs to select adaptive Time to Trigger (TTT), Hysteresis (Hys), Cell Individual Offset (CIO), Cell Reselection Parameters (CRs) for the User Equipment (UE) in user-level to reduce the number of HO-related Radio Link Failures (RLF), and avoid unnecessary or missed handovers. The handover results of the UE will be recorded in the database as the data for analyzing and selecting next time HO parameters in the same conditions. In the first part of the paper, some LTE MRO and HO background technologies and study points of the paper are introduced; the new algorithm is illustrated in the second part and the examples and algorithm evaluation will be provided to described its advantages in the third part; and a conclusion will be drawn finally.
Modeling Analysis and Improvement of Power Loss in Microgrid (2015)

The consumption of conventional energy sources and environmental concerns have resulted in rapid growth in the amount of renewable energy introduced to power systems. With the help of distributed generations (DG), the improvement of power loss and voltage profile can be the salient benefits. However, studies show that improper placement and size of energy storage system (ESS) lead to undesired power loss and the risk of voltage stability, especially in the case of high renewable energy penetration. To solve the problem, this paper sets up a microgrid based on IEEE 34-bus distribution system which consists of wind power generation system, photovoltaic generation system, diesel generation system, and energy storage system associated with various types of load. Furthermore, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed in the paper to minimize the power loss and improve the system voltage profiles by optimally managing the different sorts of distributed generations under consideration of the worst condition of renewable energy production. The established IEEE 34-bus system is adopted to perform case studies. The detailed simulation results for each case clearly demonstrate the necessity of optimal management of the system operation and the effectiveness of the proposed method.
<title>Coherent Optical Methods For Applications In Robot Visual Sensing</title> (1981)

Coherent optical methods are described for application in the artificial visual sensing function of robot systems. Prior methods for scene measurements are reviewed. A new approach based on the coherent properties of laser radiation for the quantization of the scene is presented. The results from a prototype optical system are presented, and several potential features for further development are discussed.