gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A System for Continuous Reservoir-Simulation-Model Updating and Forecasting (2007)

Abstract A significant body of work has demonstrated both the promise and difficulty of quantifying uncertainty in reservoir simulation forecasts. It is generally accepted that complete and reliable quantification of uncertainty should lead to better decision making and greater profitability. Many of the techniques presented in previous work attempt to quantify uncertainty without sampling the full parameter space, saving on the number of simulation runs, but inherently biasing and underestimating the uncertainty in the resulting forecasts. In addition, much of previous work has looked at uncertainty quantification in synthetic models and does not address the practical issues of quantifying uncertainty in an actual field. Both of these issues must be addressed in order to reliably quantify uncertainty in practice. In this study a new approach to reservoir simulation is proposed whereby the traditional one-time simulation study is replaced with a continuous process potentially spanning the life of the reservoir. In this process, reservoir models are generated and run 24 hours a day, seven days a week, allowing many more runs than previously possible and yielding a more thorough exploration of possible reservoir descriptions. In turn, more runs enables better estimates of uncertainty in resulting forecasts. This is combined with real-time acquisition of production and pressure data, which is automatically integrated into simulation runs to allow the process to run continuously with little human interaction. Two tests of this continuous simulation process were conducted. The first test was conducted on the Production with Uncertainty Quantification (PUNQ) synthetic reservoir. Comparison of our results with previous studies shows that the continuous approach gives consistent and reasonable estimates of uncertainty. The second test was conducted in real time on a live field. This test demonstrates the continuous simulation process and shows that it is feasible and practical for real world applications.
The Fundamentals of Infrared Hotbox Detection (1963)

Existing data on railroad car plain bearing temperatures are presented and interpreted by means of equivalent thermal circuits. Analyzing the radiation from the car truck, relating it to the characteristics of infrared measuring equipment, and discussing the handling of resulting data-all suggest approaches to more efficient use of wayside hotbox detectors. Effects of some ambient phenomena are presented, and further study of transient temperature conditions following lubrication failure is suggested.
Tests on reliability of a prostate biopsy telerobotic system. (1999)

This paper deals with the development of a robotic (mechanical-electronic) system that operates in the field of surgery, with new sensors and equipment ("Biopsy Program"). The system permits a rapid analysis of the mechanical needle + needle-holder + mechanism system for penetration and aspiration for surgery, for prostate biopsies. These operations benefit from the use of a SR 8438 Sankyo Scara robot; they are also remote-controlled, i.e. via telerobotics. They require accurate positioning in known points of three-dimensional space with a high degree of precision. The safety of the surgical operations is guaranteed by the most complete observance of regulations under European Union Directives and Decrees 626 and 242 of Italian laws. The system proposed represents a big step for the application of industrial solutions, precisely for industrial companies in the medical and surgical field.
Length-Dependent Optical Effects in Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

Recently, Heller et al. reported length-dependent effects on the relative photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) [Heller et al J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 14567-14573]. We propose a simple model involving thermal diffusion of excitons along the nanotube axis and quenching at the ends, to explain the observed trend in their data. By fitting to our model, we extract a diffusion coefficient of 6 cm(2)/s for excitons in SWNTs. Assuming a mono exponential decay of exciton PL, we also predict that effective length-dependent PL lifetimes for these excitons lie in the range of 1-27 ps. Experimental observations are shown to be consistent with stochastic rather than wavepacket-like exciton migration, which is in agreement with ultrafast excitonic dephasing. Edge effects seem to limit the use of short SWNTs in imaging and optical sensing applications.
Control of wind power plants utilizing voltage source converter in high impedance grids (2012)

Challenging wind power projects can be confronted by very low short circuit ratio (SCR <; 4) and sometimes even extremely low ratio (SCR <; 2). Wind power plants (WPP) feeding in their power by means of voltage source converters (VSC) have the potential to be operated in those high impedance grids to a certain extent if they are appropriately controlled. The physical boundaries are well known and referred to as voltage collapse and loss of angle stability (generic: loss of stability, LOS). Measurements and simulations indicate the potential of advanced wind turbines (WT) based on VSC to approach the ultimate physical LOS limits very effectively. This could provide additional opportunities for wind power projects at sites, which may so far not be utilized without grid reinforcement.
A Comparative Analysis of Thermal Flow Sensing in Biomedical Applications (2016)

Flow sensors have diverse applications in the field of biomedical engineering and also in industries. Micromachining of flow sensors has accomplished a new goal when it comes to miniaturization. Due to the scaling in dimensions, power consumption, mass cost, sensitivity and integration with other modules such as wireless telemetry has improvised to a great extent. Thermal flow sensors find wide applications in biomedical such as in hydrocephalus shunts and drug delivery systems. Infrared thermal sensing is used for preclinical diagnosis of breast cancer, for identifying various neurological disorders and for monitoring various muscular movements. In this paper, various modes of thermal flow sensing and transduction methods with respect to different biomedical applications are discussed. Thermal flow sensing is given prime focus because of the simplicity in the design. Finally, a comparison of flow sensing technologies is also presented.
Effects of Different Methods of DNA Extraction for Activated Sludge on the Subsequent Analysis of Bacterial Community Profiles (2012)

The effect of different DNA extraction protocols on activated sludge DNA yield and bacterial community composition was evaluated by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE). Nine different procedures to extract DNA were compared-sonication (30s), sonication (40s), sonication (50s), freezing-thawing, bead milling, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-lysozyme, SDS-proteinase K, SDS-lysozyme-proteinase, and a commercial extraction kit. It was found that the TGGE profiles and the DNA band numbers made significant differences via various extraction methods. The yield and purity of DNA extracted by sonication and other physical methods were not satisfactory, while the DNA purity extracted by SDS and other chemical-biological methods were better. Crude DNA extracts isolated by sonication and other physical methods passed the polymerase chain reaction, despite the absence of purification and acquired affluent DNA bands in TGGE. The affluence of bands in TGGE was not consistent with the yield and purification of DNA, but was correlative with extraction protocols. To analyze the activated sludge bacterial community by TGGE fingerprint, it is necessary to make a synthesis of the TGGE fingerprint profiles of chemical and physical DNA extraction methods to overcome the representative bias.
<title>Application of the Sagnac interferometer-based strain sensor to an earth movement detection system</title> (1994)

A Sagnac interferometric based strain sensor has the potential to measure strain of less than 100 microns over distances of 10 km or more. By incorporating these strain sensors into telecommunication grade fiber otic cable it would be possible to monitor earth movement to high accuracy over very long links at low cost on a continual basis. This technique would be extremely complementary to systems based on the Global Positioning Satellite and Satellite based radar imaging. The potential exists for incorporating the system directly into the local, regional, and national fiber optic telecommunication infrastructure, which would for the first time allow widespread data on earth movement to be obtained. This information would be useful in studying precursory deformation related to earthquake and volcanic activity, landslides, movement of land due to river outflows, and other earth movement features that directly impact the environment. This system could be used to reduce risks in hazardous waste site areas, to monitor strain o power and telecommunication lines, to monitor potential damage due to earth movement of utilities and buildings, and the movement of oil platforms at sea due to river outflows reducing oil spillage risks.
KEPIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KUALITI GURU GENERASI 'Y' (2017)

Transformational leadership practices among school leaders are importance in achieving the country towards making Malaysia a developed country to achieve Vision 2020.Efforts to increase leadership was introduced in Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Transformational leadership and teachers’ quality among teachers of generation 'Y' in Maktab Rendah Sains MARA, North Zone, Peninsular Malaysia. This study used a cross sectional survey method using a standardized questionnaire.The instrument used was the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass and Avolio in 1995 to measure the practice of leadership.While the quality of teachers was measured by using Model Establishment of Quality Teachers formed by Azizah Sarkowi in 2012.The findings showed that there was a significant positive relationship between transformational leadership and school leaders with the quality of teachers.Therefore, it is recommended that transformational leadership dimensions can be applied to the principal in every school to ensure that school leadership is at its best, in line with the National Education Blueprint 2013-2025.
Discriminative clustering for market segmentation (2012)

We study discriminative clustering for market segmentation tasks. The underlying problem setting resembles discriminative clustering, however, existing approaches focus on the prediction of univariate cluster labels. By contrast, market segments encode complex (future) behavior of the individuals which cannot be represented by a single variable. In this paper, we generalize discriminative clustering to structured and complex output variables that can be represented as graphical models. We devise two novel methods to jointly learn the classifier and the clustering using alternating optimization and collapsed inference, respectively. The two approaches jointly learn a discriminative segmentation of the input space and a generative output prediction model for each segment. We evaluate our methods on segmenting user navigation sequences from Yahoo! News. The proposed collapsed algorithm is observed to outperform baseline approaches such as mixture of experts. We showcase exemplary projections of the resulting segments to display the interpretability of the solutions.
Electron transfer processes occurring on platinum neural stimulating electrodes: pulsing experiments for cathodic-first, charge-imbalanced, biphasic pulses for 0.566  ⩽  <i>k</i>  ⩽  2.3 in rat subcutaneous tissues (2018)

Objective. Charge injection through platinum neural stimulation electrodes is often constrained by the Shannon limit (Shannon 1992 IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 39 424–6) of k = 1.75. By leveraging the tools of electrochemistry to better understand the reactions at electrode-tissue interface, we endeavor to find a way to safely inject more charge than allowed if the traditional Shannon limit were followed. Approach. In previous studies on platinum electrodes using charge-balanced, cathodic-first, biphasic pulses, we noted that during the secondary anodic phase, the electrode potential moves into a range where platinum dissolution is possible when charge injection is greater than k = 1.75. Platinum dissolution products are known to be toxic to brain tissues. We hypothesize that by injecting less charge in the anodic phase than the cathodic phase, the anodic potential excursions will decrease, thereby avoiding potentials where platinum dissolution is more likely. Main results. Our findings show that using these charge-imbalanced pulses decreases the anodic potential excursions to a level where platinum oxidation and dissolution are less likely, and aligns the anodic potentials with those observed with charge-balanced stimulation at k < 1.75—a range widely accepted as safe for stimulation with platinum. Significance. From these results, we further hypothesize that charge-imbalanced biphasic stimulation would permit more charge to be safely injected through platinum electrodes than would be permitted if the dogma of charge-balanced biphasic stimuli were followed. Testing this hypothesis in cat brain in the same manner as the experiments that formed the basis for the Shannon plot could open the door for safe charge injection through platinum electrodes at levels greater than k = 1.75.
Point of View (2005)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. The manuscript submitted does not contain information about medical device(s)/drug(s). No funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript. Address correspondence to John W. Frymoyer, MD, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05401; E-mail: [email protected]
Neural Activity in Cortical Area V4 Underlies Fine Disparity Discrimination (2012)

Primates are capable of discriminating depth with remarkable precision using binocular disparity. Neurons in area V4 are selective for relative disparity, which is the crucial visual cue for discrimination of fine disparity. Here, we investigated the contribution of V4 neurons to fine disparity discrimination. Monkeys discriminated whether the center disk of a dynamic random-dot stereogram was in front of or behind its surrounding annulus. We first behaviorally tested the reference frame of the disparity representation used for performing this task. After learning the task with a set of surround disparities, the monkey generalized its responses to untrained surround disparities, indicating that the perceptual decisions were generated from a disparity representation in a relative frame of reference. We then recorded single-unit responses from V4 while the monkeys performed the task. On average, neuronal thresholds were higher than the behavioral thresholds. The most sensitive neurons reached thresholds as low as the psychophysical thresholds. For subthreshold disparities, the monkeys made frequent errors. The variable decisions were predictable from the fluctuation in the neuronal responses. The predictions were based on a decision model in which each V4 neuron transmits the evidence for the disparity it prefers. We finally altered the disparity representation artificially by means of microstimulation to V4. The decisions were systematically biased when microstimulation boosted the V4 responses. The bias was toward the direction predicted from the decision model. We suggest that disparity signals carried by V4 neurons underlie precise discrimination of fine stereoscopic depth.
The Maize PIN Gene Family of Auxin Transporters (2012)

Auxin is a key regulator of plant development and its differential distribution in plant tissues, established by a polar cell to cell transport, can trigger a wide range of developmental processes. A few members of the two families of auxin efflux transport proteins, PIN-formed (PIN) and P-glycoprotein (ABCB/PGP), have so far been characterized in maize. Nine new Zea mays auxin efflux carriers PIN family members and two maize PIN-like genes have now been identified. Four members of PIN1 (named ZmPIN1a-d) cluster, one gene homologous to AtPIN2 (ZmPIN2), three orthologs of PIN5 (ZmPIN5a-c), one gene paired with AtPIN8 (ZmPIN8), and three monocot-specific PINs (ZmPIN9, ZmPIN10a, and ZmPIN10b) were cloned and the phylogenetic relationships between early-land plants, monocots, and eudicots PIN proteins investigated, including the new maize PIN proteins. Tissue-specific expression patterns of the 12 maize PIN genes, 2 PIN-like genes and ZmABCB1, an ABCB auxin efflux carrier, were analyzed together with protein localization and auxin accumulation patterns in normal conditions and in response to drug applications. ZmPIN gene transcripts have overlapping expression domains in the root apex, during male and female inflorescence differentiation and kernel development. However, some PIN family members have specific tissue localization: ZmPIN1d transcript marks the L1 layer of the shoot apical meristem and inflorescence meristem during the flowering transition and the monocot-specific ZmPIN9 is expressed in the root endodermis and pericycle. The phylogenetic and gene structure analyses together with the expression pattern of the ZmPIN gene family indicate that subfunctionalization of some maize PINs can be associated to the differentiation and development of monocot-specific organs and tissues and might have occurred after the divergence between dicots and monocots.
Substrate Directed Asymmetric Reactions (2018)

Historically, reagent controlled reactions (mechanism controlled reactions) have played a significant role in the asymmetric synthesis of complex structures. In contrast, today's asymmetric synthesis is greatly dependent on substrate directed approaches. In this approach, a polar functional group, namely, a "directing group", in the vicinity of the reactive site inside the substrate has been documented to preassociate with the chiral catalyst, which exerts stereodirecting influence by directing the reacting partner toward one of the enantiotopic faces of the reaction center. Those reactions usually proceed through exceptionally ordered transition states and result in extraordinary levels of stereoselection. Within the last four decades, the substrate directed approach has become an indispensible tool for the preparation of complex chiral frameworks starting directly from relatively simple achiral substrate molecules via asymmetric induction or various resolution techniques or both. Likewise, the substrate directed approach has been applied to functionalize enantiopure substrates bearing pre-exisiting stereocenters into complex structures as a single diastereomer. A classical example is Sharpless asymmetric epoxidation of allylic alcohols in which the free hydroxy function acts as an active anchor to a dimeric Ti-catalyst that controls the stereochemical outcome of the epoxidation process by transferring the oxidant enantioselectively. The principal aim of the present review is to give a general overview of substrate directed asymmetric transformations, a topic that has not yet been documented in the form of a concise review of recently developed approaches. Due to the large number of related applications, only recent advances that have been documented within the last two decades have been reviewed. Furthermore, in the current review, we have mainly highlighted asymmetric reactions that are controlled by abundant and frequently used directing groups such as hydroxy, amide, and sulfonamide groups. In addition, selected examples of a few important substrate-directed chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselective reactions have also been included in this review.
Constructing Online Communities of Practice (2016)

In an age of standards-based educational reforms that require fundamental changes in instruction, Communities of Practice (CoPs) have garnered considerable attention as a complement to formal professional development experiences. Wenger (2013) defines CoPs as "groups of people who share a concern or a passion for something they do and learn how to do it better as they interact regularly." According to Wenger (2013), CoPs have three key features in common:
The use of ETOH for the dilution of honey (2004)

Since the beginning of honey production, certain honey types are preferred because they taste better, are better for cooking, or do not rapidly crystallize.Pollen found in honey is used to determine the honey's type.Techniques used to extract pollen from honey vary in the amount of honey examined, the amount of water used to dilute the honey, and the time and speed of centrifugation.These variations address the disparity in pollen recovery that is due to the specific gravity and sinking rates of the different pollen types.Ethyl alcohol (ETOH) was used as a dilution liquid for honey and compared to two water-dilution techniques, one with a short centrifugation time (1 minute) and the other using a long centrifugation time (10 minutes).The ETOH samples were centrifuged for 3 minutes.All samples were centrifuged at 4000 r.p.m.Significantly higher pollen concentration values were found in the ETOH-diluted samples.Pollen concentration values of the ETOH-diluted samples were 5.26 times greater than water-diluted, short centrifugation samples, and 3.26 times greater than water-diluted, long centrifugation samples.ETOH-diluted samples produced 16% more taxa than the water-diluted short centrifugation technique, and 10% more taxa than the water-diluted long centrifugation technique.The pollen spectra were not consistent across the three techniques.Additional research is needed to determine the efficiency of other ETOH concentrations in recovering pollen from honey.We recommend that the ETOH-dilution technique become the standard technique for the extraction of pollen from honey for pollen analyses because of the improved pollen recovery.
Aerodynamic Noise Induced by Laminar and Turbulent Boundary Layers over Rectangular Cavities (2002)

International audience
A new method for the concentration of <i>Cryptosporidium</i> oocysts from water (1993)

A novel method for the concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts from water has been developed, based upon the precipitation of calcium carbonate. A 10 l water sample is treated by adding solutions of calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate and raising the pH value to 10 with sodium hydroxide. Crystals of calcium carbonate form and enmesh particles in the Cryptosporidium oocyst size range. The crystals are allowed to settle, the supernatant fluid is discarded and the calcium carbonate precipitate dissolved in sulphamic acid. The sample can be concentrated further by centrifugation. Recoveries of oocysts from seeded samples of deionized, tap and river water were in excess of 68%.
Cyclosporin G and metabolite binding to cyclophilin and a 50-kDa binding protein related to in vitro immunosuppression (1993)

Seven purified metabolites of cyclosporin G (CsG) were studied for binding to cyclophilin and a 50-kDa binding protein (50-kDa BP). The ratios of the metabolite dissociation constants with respect to CsG were compared with in vitro immunosuppression by using the primary mixed lymphocyte suppression assay. The immunosuppressive potency ratio of the parent compounds, both cyclosporin A (CsA) and CsG, compared favorably with the drug dissociation constants for cyclophilin and the 50-kDa BP. Three of the seven metabolites had comparable binding and potency ratios for the 50-kDa BP. In contrast, none of the seven metabolites appreciably bound to cyclophilin in the concentration range tested.