gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance angiography in the diagnosis of thoracic venous obstruction. (1998)

The aims of this study were to evaluate the diagnostic value of orthogonal magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) and to compare the results of MRA with those of digital subtraction venography (DSV) in thoracic venous diseases. Ten normal volunteers were evaluated using two-dimensional time-of-flight MRA in three orthogonal planes to determine the image quality of each venous segment. Twelve consecutive patients suspected of having thoracic venous disease were studied with both MRA and DSV. In the normal subjects, the plane perpendicular to the target vein provided the most consistent visualization. Using three orthogonal MRA images, a diagnostic-quality image was obtained in 175 (83%) of 210 venous segments in normal volunteers. In patients with thoracic venous obstructive disease, MRA was more effective than DSV in detecting total (84 vs 54), patent (56 vs 36), stenotic (13 vs 10), and obstructive (15 vs 8) venous segments, poststenotic or postobstructive veins (15 vs 10), thrombosis of the internal jugular vein (7 vs 2), intraluminal thrombus (5 vs 3), and azygos veins (12 vs 2). Using venous segments visible on DVS (n = 54) as the standard, the sensitivity and specificity of MRA were 94% and 100%, respectively, in detecting venous patency, and 100% and 98% in detecting complete venous obstruction. In the shoulder region, the sensitivity and specificity of MRA were 93% and 100%, respectively, in detecting venous patency, and 100% and 97% in detecting venous obstruction. We conclude that MRA with three orthogonal planes can provide relatively complete and reliable venous mapping, without the need for contrast medium.
Winter Survival of Transgenic Alfalfa Overexpressing Superoxide Dismutase1 (1999)

To test the hypothesis that enhanced tolerance of oxidative stress would improve winter survival, two clones of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) were transformed with a Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) targeted to the mitochondria or to the chloroplast. Although Mn-SOD activity increased in most primary transgenic plants, both cytosolic and chloroplastic forms of Cu/Zn-SOD had lower activity in the chloroplast SOD transgenic plants than in the nontransgenic plants. In a field trial at Elora, Ontario, Canada, the survival and yield of 33 primary transgenic and control plants were compared. After one winter most transgenic plants had higher survival rates than control plants, with some at 100%. Similarly, some independent transgenic plants had twice the herbage yield of the control plants. Prescreening the transgenic plants for SOD activity, vigor, or freezing tolerance in the greenhouse was not effective in identifying individual transgenic plants with improved field performance. Freezing injury to leaf blades and fibrous roots, measured by electrolyte leakage from greenhouse-grown acclimated plants, indicated that the most tolerant were only 1 degrees C more freezing-tolerant than alfalfa clone N4. There were no differences among transgenic and control plants for tetrazolium staining of field-grown plants at any freezing temperature. Therefore, although many of the transgenic plants had higher winter survival rates and herbage yield, there was no apparent difference in primary freezing injury, and therefore, the trait is not associated with a change in the primary site of freezing injury.
Crowdsourcing applications and platforms (2011)

Over the past decade, crowdsourcing has emerged as a major problem-solving and data-gathering paradigm on the World-Wide Web. Well-known examples of crowdsourcing include Wikipedia, Linux, Yahoo! Answers, YouTube, Mechanical Turk-based applications, and much effort is being directed toward developing many more.
CD8+ T Cells Specific for Cancer-Testis Antigens Are Found in Many Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Correlate with Disease Burden. (2004)

Abstract Proteins from the family known as ‘cancer-testis antigens’ (CTAg) are expressed in some cases of multiple myeloma and subsets of acute myeloid leukaemia. CTAg can stimulate CD8+ T cell responses in patients with melanoma but there are no reports of CTAg-specific immune response in patients with haematological malignancy. Such information is critical to assess whether or not these antigens act as targets for tumour-specific immunity or if they could be used as targets for immunotherapy. We have used twelve peptide epitopes from a range of cancer-testis antigens which have been previously defined as epitopes for CD8+ T cells. These were used to screen for tumour-specific T-cells in blood of patients with multiple myeloma at various stages of their disease. The IFNγ cytokine secretion assay was used to detect functional responses and magnetic selection was employed to increase the sensitivity of detection. FACS analysis was used to quantitate the frequency of responding cells. 37 patients were screened with an age range of between 45 and 88 years. Blood samples were taken at monthly intervals and the percentage of CD8+ T cells responding to each peptide was calculated. 13 patients responded to 1 or more of the peptides with a range between 0.01% and 0.7% of the total CD8+ T cell pool. The frequency of the tumour-specific response fluctuated during treatment in individual patients. Analysis of the CTAg-specific immune response in relation to disease course revealed that the immune response was generally correlated with tumour burden as revealed by the paraprotein level. CTAg HLA-peptide tetramers incorporating peptides from LAGE-1 and MAGE-2 were able to directly visualize CTAg-reactive T cells in PBMC. CTAg-specific CD8+ T cells may have been primed and expanded by expression of CTAg on tumour cells or following ‘cross presentation’ through dendritic cells. In conclusion, T cells specific for cancer-testis antigens are present in the blood of a subset of patients with multiple myeloma. The clinical significance of this observation is currently being addressed.
Improved delivery through biological membranes. 3. Delivery of N-methylpyridinium-2-carbaldoxime chloride through the blood-brain barrier in its dihydropyridine pro-drug form (1976)

Administration of N-methyl-1,6-dihydropyridine-2-carbaldoxime hydrochloride, the pro-drug form of 2-PAM, resulted in an average of 13-fold increase in the amount of 2-PAM delivered into the brain of mice as compared to the administration of 2-PAM. The pro-drug which crossed the BBB resulted in a dramatic increase in the reactivation of AChE blocked by DFP. In vivo studies of the "aging" of the phosphorylated AChE in the brain of mice could also be studied using pro-2-PAM.
Amplification of Light in an Optical Wave-Guiding Structure with Evanescent-Wave Pumping (1973)

A symmetric dielectric-slab wave guide with a passive core and an active cladding is considered. A bound mode of the structure is assumed to propagate in the guide with the objective of optically pumping the cladding region adjacent to the core to induce an optical gain condition there. A signal beam whose frequency differs from that of the pump mode is simultaneously allowed to propagate as a bound mode of the structure. It is shown theoretically that the signal mode is amplified through the interaction of its evanescent field with the active region of the cladding. The advantages of evanescent-wave active devices are illustrated and discussed. A noteworthy effect is that of gain enhancement obtained by means of evanescent-wave pumping over that gain obtainable by conventional means.
PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN UTERI OF OBESE STOCK MICE (1955)

PHYSIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES IN UTERI OF OBESE STOCK MICE: A Comparison Between Obese Mice and their Thin Sibs Get access M. L. DRASHER, M. L. DRASHER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M. W. DICKE, M. W. DICKE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. W. LANE P. W. LANE *From the Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 46, Issue 5, September 1955, Pages 209–212, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a106559 Published: 01 September 1955 Article history Received: 04 October 1954 Published: 01 September 1955
Analysis and prediction of mammalian protein glycation (2006)

Glycation is a nonenzymatic process in which proteins react with reducing sugar molecules and thereby impair the function and change the characteristics of the proteins. Glycation is involved in diabetes and aging where the accumulation of glycation products causes side effects. In this study, we statistically investigate the glycation of epsilon amino groups of lysines and also train a sequence-based predictor. The statistical analysis suggests that acidic amino acids, mainly glutamate, and lysine residues catalyze the glycation of nearby lysines. The catalytic acidic amino acids are found mainly C-terminally from the glycation site, whereas the basic lysine residues are found mainly N-terminally. The predictor was made by combining 60 artificial neural networks in a balloting procedure. The cross-validated Matthews correlation coefficient for the predictor is 0.58, which is quite impressive given the relatively small amount of experimental data available. The method is made available at www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/NetGlycate-1.0.
Asymmetric Oxidation Catalysis by a Chiral Al(salalen) Complex: Highly Enantioselective Oxidation of Sulfides with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide (2007)

Not afraid to get wet: Aluminum(salalen) complexes were found to be water compatible and therefore suitable catalysts for asymmetric oxidation with aqueous hydrogen peroxide. A variety of sulfides underwent the title reaction in the presence of the aluminum(salalen) complex shown to the give the desired sulfoxides with high to excellent enantioselectivity (see scheme; Bn=benzyl).
How to Refinish Wood Siding with Latex Paints. (1976)

Every homeowner with painted wood siding and trim at some time faces the job of repainting. In this Note a simple test is described to determine whether an old surface will form a satisfactory bond with latex paints, and suggestions are given on preparing the surface to achieve a satisfactory bond.
Optimization of MRI protocols and pulse sequence parameters for eigenimage filtering (2003)

The eigenimage filter generates a composite image in which a desired feature is segmented. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the eigenimage is directly proportional to the dissimilarity between the desired and interfering features. Since image gray levels are analytical functions of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters, it is possible to maximize this dissimilarity by optimizing these parameters. For optimization, the authors consider four MRI pulse sequences: multiple spin-echo, spin-echo, inversion recovery, and gradient-echo. They use the mathematical expressions for MRI signals along with intrinsic tissue parameters to express the objective function in terms of MRI parameters. The objective function along with a set of diagnostic or instrumental constraints defines a multidimensional nonlinear constrained optimization problem, which is solved by the fixed point approach. The optimization technique is demonstrated through its application to phantom and brain images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CNNM2 Mutations Cause Impaired Brain Development and Seizures in Patients with Hypomagnesemia (2014)

Intellectual disability and seizures are frequently associated with hypomagnesemia and have an important genetic component. However, to find the genetic origin of intellectual disability and seizures often remains challenging because of considerable genetic heterogeneity and clinical variability. In this study, we have identified new mutations in CNNM2 in five families suffering from mental retardation, seizures, and hypomagnesemia. For the first time, a recessive mode of inheritance of CNNM2 mutations was observed. Importantly, patients with recessive CNNM2 mutations suffer from brain malformations and severe intellectual disability. Additionally, three patients with moderate mental disability were shown to carry de novo heterozygous missense mutations in the CNNM2 gene. To elucidate the physiological role of CNNM2 and explain the pathomechanisms of disease, we studied CNNM2 function combining in vitro activity assays and the zebrafish knockdown model system. Using stable Mg(2+) isotopes, we demonstrated that CNNM2 increases cellular Mg2+ uptake in HEK293 cells and that this process occurs through regulation of the Mg(2+)-permeable cation channel TRPM7. In contrast, cells expressing mutated CNNM2 proteins did not show increased Mg(2+) uptake. Knockdown of cnnm2 isoforms in zebrafish resulted in disturbed brain development including neurodevelopmental impairments such as increased embryonic spontaneous contractions and weak touch-evoked escape behaviour, and reduced body Mg content, indicative of impaired renal Mg(2+) absorption. These phenotypes were rescued by injection of mammalian wild-type Cnnm2 cRNA, whereas mammalian mutant Cnnm2 cRNA did not improve the zebrafish knockdown phenotypes. We therefore concluded that CNNM2 is fundamental for brain development, neurological functioning and Mg(2+) homeostasis. By establishing the loss-of-function zebrafish model for CNNM2 genetic disease, we provide a unique system for testing therapeutic drugs targeting CNNM2 and for monitoring their effects on the brain and kidney phenotype.
In Situ Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus in Gastric and Colorectal Adenocarcinomas (1994)

The association of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma in the nasopharynx, which is common in Chinese from the southern region, is well established. Recently, EBV has also been found to be associated with lymphoepithelioma-like carcinomas (LELCs) and carcinomas with prominent lymphoid infiltrates in the stomach. We investigated for the presence of EBV in 74 cases of gastric adenocarcinoma and 36 cases of colorectal adenocarcinoma from Chinese patients by in situ hybridization (ISH) using an antisense EBER probe. In seven cases (9.5%) of gastric carcinoma, EBER was highly expressed in the adenocarcinoma cells and metastatic tumor cells in regional lymph nodes. In all these cases, the normal gastric epithelium was EBV negative. None of the colorectal carcinomas showed a positive signal. Isolated positive lymphoid cells were frequently found in both tumors. Of the seven positive cases, only one was LELC, and the others were conventional adenocarcinomas of the intestinal type. Five showed expression of the viral RNA in all tumor cells as well as the surrounding dysplastic epithelium. Interestingly, the sixth case showed distinct negative islands of dysplastic glands adjacent to strongly positive dysplastic glands and invasive carcinoma cells. This pattern of positivity, together with negative normal gastric epithelium and positive metastatic tumor, suggested that EBV infection occurred in the dysplastic phase and that an apparent growth advantage was conferred by the EBV infection.
Nijkerkernauw meest geschikt, IJmeer meest gebruikt; onderzoek met waterrecreatiegeschiktheidsindex (1996)

SC-DLO heeft een model ontwikkeld om de geschiktheid van gebieden voor watersport te meten. Het model onderscheidt acht vormen van watersport. Van elke recreatievorm zijn gegevens verzameld over kenmerken van het water, oever, landschap en voorzieningen. Die zijn verwerkt tot een waterrecreatiegeschiktheidsindex (WGI). Het model is in een proefstudie toegepast op de Randmeren, het Markermeer en de Oosterschelde. Het resultaat is dat het Nijkerkernauw het meest geschikte gebied is voor watersport, maar dat het IJmeer het meest wordt gebruikt. Het model is een bruikbaar instrument voor waterbeheerders en beleidmakers om verantwoorde keuzes te maken bij planning, inrichting en beheer van watersystemen.
Optimal Content Downloading in Vehicular Networks (2013)

We consider a system where users aboard communication-enabled vehicles are interested in downloading different contents from Internet-based servers. This scenario captures many of the infotainment services that vehicular communication is envisioned to enable, including news reporting, navigation maps, and software updating, or multimedia file downloading. In this paper, we outline the performance limits of such a vehicular content downloading system by modeling the downloading process as an optimization problem, and maximizing the overall system throughput. Our approach allows us to investigate the impact of different factors, such as the roadside infrastructure deployment, the vehicle-to-vehicle relaying, and the penetration rate of the communication technology, even in presence of large instances of the problem. Results highlight the existence of two operational regimes at different penetration rates and the importance of an efficient, yet 2-hop constrained, vehicle-to-vehicle relaying.
Incidence of Late-Stage Age-Related Macular Degeneration in American Whites: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (2015)

Estimating AMD incidence from prevalence allows better characterization at older ages and by AMD subtype where longitudinal data from incidence studies are limited.
Membrane Techniques in Air Cleaning (2000)

The state of the art of application of membrane techniques for air cleaning is presented. The most characteristic parameters of membrane separation of gases and vapours are described. Separation of gases and vapours has been applied practically in the industry for the following areas: removal of volatile organics from the air and from industrial waste flows, oxygen enrichment of air and vice versa and the membrane absorption process.
Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Carcinogenesis (2011)

Development of imaging agents that can be used broadly for early detection of neoplasia at various tissue sites and at various stages of disease and that also can assess states of minimal residual disease would have tremendous utility in the diagnosis and management of cancer. In a series of articles culminating with a report in this issue of the journal (beginning on page 1536), Uddin and colleagues show their ability to systemically target the enzyme COX-2 with imaging probes that will serve as agents for early detection, risk assessment, prognosis, and intervention outcome measures. These probes will enable the detection and localization of regions of inflammation and a wide variety of premalignant lesions and cancers, with utility in monitoring the effects of cancer prevention and therapy.
Conditional Diagnosability of k-Ary n-Cubes under the PMC Model (2012)

Processor fault diagnosis plays an important role in measuring the reliability of multiprocessor systems and the diagnosis of many well-known interconnection networks. The conditional diagnosability, which is more general than the classical diagnosability, is to measure the diagnosability of a multiprocessor system under the assumption that all of the neighbors of any node in the system cannot fail at the same time. This study shows that the conditional diagnosability for k -ary n -cubes under the PMC model is 8 n − 7 for k ≥ 4 and n ≥ 4.
Pulsed spheromak reactor with adiabatic compression (1999)

Extrapolating from the Pulsed Spheromak reactor and the LINUS concept, we consider ignition achieved by injecting a conducting liquid into the flux conserver to compress a low temperature spheromak created by gun injection and ohmic heating. The required energy to achieve ignition and high gain by compression is comparable to that required for ohmic ignition and the timescale is similar so that the mechanical power to ignite by compression is comparable to the electrical power to ignite ohmically. Potential advantages and problems are discussed. Like the High Beta scenario achieved by rapid fueling of an ohmically ignited plasma, compression must occur on timescales faster than Taylor relaxation.
Pharmacologic effects of L‐dopa are not closely linked temporally to striatal dopamine concentration (1984)

In an attempt to gain insight into the mechanism of the “long-term response” to L-dopa in parkinsonians, we studied the temporal relationship between turning behavior and striatal dopamine (DA) levels after L-dopa administration to rats with unilateral nigral lesions. Turning behavior peaked at 30 minutes (9.0 ± 1.5 turns per rat per minute), diminished in intensity, reached a new peak (10.8 ± 1) at 3 hours, and persisted for 280 minutes after L-dopa administration. In contrast, dopamine levels in the striatum ipsilateral to the lesion peaked at 20 minutes and returned to control levels by 90 minutes after L-dopa administration. These data suggest that behaviors elicited by an increase in brain (striatal) dopamine levels may persist long after the dopamine concentration has returned to control levels.
Regulation of p16<i><sup>CDKN2</sup></i> Expression and Its Implications for Cell Immortalization and Senescence (1996)

p16CDKN2 specifically binds to and inhibits the cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6, which function as regulators of cell cycle progression in G1 by contributing to the phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB). Human cell lines lacking functional pRB contain high levels of p16 RNA and protein, suggesting a negative feedback loop by which pRB might regulate p16 expression in late G1. By a combination of nuclear run-on assays and promoter analyses in human fibroblasts expressing a temperature-sensitive simian virus 40 T antigen, we show that p16 transcription is affected by the status of pRB and define a region in the p16 promoter that is required for this response. However, the effect is not sufficient to account for the differences in p16 RNA levels between pRB-positive and -negative cells. Moreover, p16 RNA is extremely stable, and the levels do not change appreciably during the cell cycle. Primary human fibroblasts express very low levels of p16, but the RNA and protein accumulate in late-passage, senescent cells. The apparent overexpression of p16 in pRB-negative cell lines is therefore caused by at least two factors: loss of repression by pRB and an increase in the number of population doublings.
Highly stable carbon-protected cobalt nanoparticles and graphite shells (2004)

The fabrication of carbon-shell protected cobalt nanoparticles and hollow graphitic shells has been achieved via a pyrolysis process by using monodispersed cobalt nanoparticles as a template. These materials are mesoporous and highly stable under strong acidic and basic conditions.
Regulation of brain renin-angiotensin system by benzamil-blockable sodium channels (1999)

Changes in the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) mRNAs in the brain and the kidney of rats after administration of DOCA and/or sodium chloride were assessed by use of a competitive PCR method. Benzamil, a blocker of amiloride-sensitive sodium channels, was infused intracerebroventricularly or intravenously for 7 days in DOCA-salt or renal hypertensive rats, and the effects of benzamil on the brain RAS mRNAs were determined. Renin and ANG I-converting enzyme (ACE) mRNAs were not downregulated in the brain of rats administered DOCA and/or salt; however, these mRNAs were decreased in the kidney. Intracerebroventricular infusion of benzamil decreased renin, ACE, and ANG II type 1 receptor mRNAs in the brain of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats but not in the brain of renal hypertensive rats. The gene expression of the brain RAS, particularly renin and ACE, is regulated differently between the brain and the kidney in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, and benzamil-blockable brain sodium channels may participate in the regulation of the brain RAS mRNAs.