gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Perception: An Introduction, 3rd Edition (1991)

Does the world appear the same to everyone? Does what we know determine what we see? Why do we see the world as we do?<br/><br/>Vision is our most dominant sense. From the light that enters our eyes to the complex cognitive processes that follow, we derive most of our information about what things are, where they are, and how they move from our vision.<br/><br/>Visual Perception takes a refreshingly different approach to this enigmatic sense. From the function that vision serves for an active observer, to the history of visual perception itself the third edition has been extensively revised, updated and expanded, while still preserving the essential features of historical context, neurophysiology and independent thought that made the earlier editions so engaging.<br/><br/>Covering the perception of location, motion, object recognition and with up-to-date information on the workings of the visual brain, the 3rd edition looks at how our ideas have been shaped, not just by psychology, but by art, optics, biology and philosophy. The emphasis on understanding vision as a basis for action in the real world has also been expanded to cover seeing representations of all sorts, whether they are pictures or computer-generated displays.<br/><br/>The 3rd Edition of Visual Perception is a readable, accessible and truly relevant introduction to the world of perception and will be welcomed by students of visual perception as well as anyone with a general interest in the mysteries and wonder of vision.
An Intrinsic Mechanism Predisposes Foxp3-Expressing Regulatory T Cells to Th2 Conversion In Vivo (2010)

Naturally occurring regulatory T (nTreg) cells express Foxp3 and were originally discovered as immune suppressors critical for self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Through yet-to-be-defined mechanisms, nTreg cells were recently shown to convert into proinflammatory cells. Particularly, attenuation of Foxp3 expression led to Th2 conversion of nTreg cells in vivo. In this paper, we demonstrated an nTreg-specific mechanism controlling their Th2 conversion. We found that wild-type nTreg cells expressing reduced levels of Foxp3 but not those expressing no Foxp3 produced the Th2 cytokine IL-4. Intriguingly, IL-4 production by converted nTreg cells is required for Th2 differentiation of coexisting naive CD4 T cells in vivo, suggesting that Th2 conversion of nTreg cells might be critical for directing Th2 immune responses. Th2 conversion of nTreg cells was not due to their inability to become Th1 cells, because IFN-γ was produced by Foxp3-low-expressing cells when IL-4/STAT-6 signaling was abrogated. Surprisingly, however, unlike naive CD4 T cells whose IL-4 production is dependent on STAT-6, Foxp3-low-expressing cells generated IL-4 independent of STAT-6, indicating an intrinsic mechanism that favors nTreg-to-Th2 differentiation. Indeed, compared with naive CD4 T cells, nTreg expressed elevated levels of GATA-3 independent of STAT-6. And GATA-3 was required for nTreg-to-Th2 conversion. Foxp3 may account for this GATA-3 upregulation in nTreg cells, because ectopic expression of Foxp3 preferentially promoted GATA-3 but not T-bet expression. Thus, we have identified an intrinsic mechanism that imposes a Th2/Th1 imbalance and predisposes Foxp3-expressing cells to IL-4 production independent of STAT-6 signaling.
Growth regulation of vascular smooth muscle cells (1998)

Autocrine, paracrine, and juxtacrine are recognized modes of action for mammalian EGFR ligands including EGF, TGF-α (TGFα), amphiregulin (AREG), heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF), betacellulin, epiregulin, and epigen. We identify a new mode of EGFR ligand signaling via exosomes. Human breast and colorectal cancer cells release exosomes containing full-length, signaling-competent EGFR ligands. Exosomes isolated from MDCK cells expressing individual full-length EGFR ligands displayed differential activities; AREG exosomes increased invasiveness of recipient breast cancer cells 4-fold over TGFα or HB-EGF exosomes and 5-fold over equivalent amounts of recombinant AREG. Exosomal AREG displayed significantly greater membrane stability than TGFα or HB-EGF. An average of 24 AREG molecules are packaged within an individual exosome, and AREG exosomes are rapidly internalized by recipient cells. Whether the composition and behavior of exosomes differ between nontransformed and transformed cells is unknown. Exosomes from DLD-1 colon cancer cells with a mutant KRAS allele exhibited both higher AREG levels and greater invasive potential than exosomes from isogenically matched, nontransformed cells in which mutant KRAS was eliminated by homologous recombination. We speculate that EGFR ligand signaling via exosomes might contribute to diverse cancer phenomena such as field effect and priming of the metastatic niche.
The functions of uterine secretions (1988)

The likely functions of uterine secretions, often termed histotroph, in the nurture of the early conceptus are reviewed. Particular emphasis has been placed on the pig in which the uterus synthesizes and secretes large amounts of protein in response to progesterone. In this species, which possesses a non-invasive, diffuse type of epitheliochorial placentation, the secretions provide a sustained embryotrophic environment which is distinct from that of serum. A group of basic proteins dominates these uterine secretions after Day 1 1 of pregnancy and its best characterized member is uteroferrin, an iron-containing acid phosphatase with a deep purple colour. Evidence has accumulated to suggest that uteroferrin, rather than functioning as an acid phosphatase, is involved in transporting iron to the conceptus. Three basic polypeptides which are found noncovalently associated with uteroferrin have been shown to be antigenically closely related to one another and to have arisen by post-translational processing from a common precursor molecule. Their function is unknown. A group of basic protease inhibitors has been identified which bear considerable sequence homology to bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (aprotinin) and may control intrauterine proteolytic events initiated by the conceptuses. The last basic protein so far characterized is lysozyme which is presumed to have an antibacterial role. Finally, two low molecular weight ( M , -18 000) acidic polypeptides have been purified and have sequence homology to a plasma retinol binding protein. Like uteroferrin, these proteins may be responsible for transport of an essential nutrient to the conceptus.
Extraction of sleep-promoting factor S from cerebrospinal fluid and from brains of sleep-deprived animals (1975)

Sleep-promoting factor (factor S) was extracted, partially purified, and concentrated from cerebrospinal fluid and from acid-acetone extracts of brain stem anc cortex of sleep-deprived goats and sheep. 2. Solutes greater than 500 daltons were largely removed by serial ultrafiltrations through molecular sieves (Amicon membranes UM10 and UM05); solutes less than 350 daltons were largely eliminated by gel filtration through Sephadex G10 columns. Sleep-promoting activity was found in a fraction eluted prior to [14C] sucrose marker. 3. Concentrated fraction were infused intraventricularly in rats (0.1 ml in 30 min just prior to 12-h dark cycle) and in rabbits (0.3 ml in 90 min in morning). Sleep-promoting activity was assayed by decrease in nocturnal locomotor activity of rats and by duration and amplitude of slow-wave cortical EEG in rabbits.
Improvements to tilt rotor performance through passive blade twist control (1988)

A passive blade twist control is presented in which the twist distribution of a tilt rotor blade is elastically changed as a function of rotor speed. The elastic twist deformation is used to achieve two different blade twist distributions corresponding to the two rotor speeds used on conventional tilt rotors in hover and forward flight. By changing the blade twist distribution, the aerodynamic performance can be improved in both modes of flight. The concept presented obtains a change in twist distribution with extension-twist-coupled composite blade structure. This investigation first determines the linear twists which are optimum for each flight mode. Based on the optimum linear twist distributions, three extension-twist-coupled blade designs are developed using coupled-beam and laminate analyses integrated with an optimization analysis. The designs are optimized for maximum twist deformation subject to material strength limitations. The aerodynamic performances of the final designs are determined which show that the passive blade twist control concept is viable, and can enhance conventional tilt rotor performance.
Autonomic Restoration of Electrical Conductivity (2011)

Self-healing of an electrical circuit is demonstrated with nearly full recovery of conductance less than one millisecond after damage. Crack damage breaks a conductive pathway in a multilayer device, interrupting electron transport and simultaneously rupturing adjacent microcapsules containing gallium-indium liquid metal (top). The released liquid metal flows to the area of damage, restoring the conductive pathway (bottom).
Photochemistry of mono- and diacetylenic systems. Exploratory and mechanistic organic photochemistry. LXXVII (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of mono- and diacetylenic systems. Exploratory and mechanistic organic photochemistry. LXXVIIHoward E. Zimmerman and James A. PincockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 10, 3246–3250Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00791a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00791a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical resistivity of vaccum-deposited molybdenum films (1978)

The electrical resistivity ρ of Mo films evaporated by an electron-beam gun onto SiO2/Si substrates has been studied in relation to the film structure and purity. The resistivity was profoundly influenced by the substrate temperature during deposition Ts but was almost independent of film thickness d if d exceeded 1000 Å. When the films were heat treated at above 700°C, ρ decreased as the grain size increased. These results can be explained if one assumes that the resistivity is due to grain-boundary scattering. The reflection coeficient of the electrons at grain boundaries R depends on Ts, but shows no change with heat treatments at temperatures up to about 1000°C(R =0.41/0.21 for Ts=300/600°C). It is shown that R is proportional to oxygen content in the grain boundaries.
Characterization of Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells Maturated With IFN‐α (2006)

Dendritic cells (DC) are promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. These cells can be generated from peripheral blood monocytes cultured with granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). In order to obtain full functional capacity, maturation is required, but the most potent reagents such as LPS or polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly I:C) are not approved for clinical use. We tested the ability of type I interferon (IFN) to induce such maturation. We found that 24-h IFN-alpha co-culture of day 7 monocyte-derived DC generated with GM-CSF and IL-4 induces increased numbers of DC positive for CD54 and CD40 together with the co-stimulatory molecule CD80 but not the activation marker CD83. Also, IFN-alpha maturation leads to an increase in IP-10 and MCP-1 chemokine secretion, but only a minor increase in IL-12p40 secretion. In line with this, maturation with IFN-alpha has only a small effect on induction of autologous T-cell stimulatory capacity of the DC. However, an increase in DC allogeneic T-cell stimulatory capacity was observed. These data suggest that IFN-alpha has a potential as a maturation agent used in DC-based cancer vaccine trials, but not as a single reagent.
Differential proteomic profiling in human spermatozoa that did or did not result in pregnancy via IVF and AID (2013)

Proteomics may help identity a select cohort of men with abnormal semen parameters and aide infertility diagnoses.
Randomized Trial of Single Agent Paclitaxel Given Weekly Versus Every Three Weeks and with Peroral Versus Intravenous Steroid Premedication to Patients with Ovarian Cancer Previously Treated with Platinum (2002)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of paclitaxel given at the same dose intensity and administered weekly (arm A) or every 3 weeks (arm B). and to assess the safety of intravenous steroids versus standard peroral premedication. Two hundred and eight patients with advanced ovarian cancer previously treated with no more than one platinum-containing regimen were randomized to receive either a weekly infusion of paclitaxel or an infusion every 3 weeks. The median delivered dose intensity was 77.6 mg/m2/week in the weekly arm, and 72.7 mg/m2/week in the every 3 weeks arm. WHO grade 3-4 hematological and non-hematological toxicity occurred more frequently in arm B. No difference in number of severe events of hypersensitivity, response rate, time to progression or survival between arms was observed. Weekly paclitaxel at a dose of 67 mg/m2/week was found to have a better safety profile and seemed to be as effective as the equivalently dosed schedule every 3 weeks. Intravenous steroids are a safe alternative to oral steroids.
Algorithms for the Weighted Orthogonal Procrustes Problem and other Least Squares Problems (2006)

Akademisk avhandling som med tillst˚and av rektor vid Ume˚a Universitet framläggs till offentlig granskning fredagen den 7 april klockan 10.15 i sal MA121, MIT-huset, för avläggande av filosofie doktorsexamen. UMINF-06.10 ISSN-0348-0542 ISBN 91-7264-052-9 In this thesis, we present algorithms for local and global minimization of some Procrustes type problems. Typically, these problems are about rotating and scaling a known set of data to fit another set with applications related to determination of rigid body movements, factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. The known sets of data are usually represented as matrices, and the rotation to be determined is commonly a matrix Q with orthonormal columns. The algorithms presented use Newton and Gauss-Newton search directions with optimal step lengths, which in most cases result in a fast computation of a solution. Some of these problems are known to have several minima, e.g., the weighted orthogonal Procrustes problem (WOPP). A study on the maximal amount of minima has been done for this problem. Theoretical results and empirical observations gives strong indications that there are not more than 2 n minimizers, where n is the number of columns in Q. A global optimization method to compute all 2 n minima is presented. Also considered in this thesis is a cubically convergent iteration method for solving nonlinear equations. The iteration method presented uses second order information (derivatives) when computing a search direction. Normally this is a computational heavy task, but if the second order derivatives are constant, which is the case for quadratic equations, a performance gain can be obtained. This is confirmed by a small numerical study. Finally, regularization of ill-posed nonlinear least squares problems is considered. The quite well known L-curve for linear least squares problems is put in context for nonlinear problems. iii iv
Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Variation of Index of Infestation with Benzyl Isothiocyanate Concentration and Color of Maturing Papaya1 (1983)

Journal Article Hawaiian Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae): Variation of Index of Infestation with Benzyl Isothiocyanate Concentration and Color of Maturing Papaya Get access Stanley T. Seo, Stanley T. Seo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chung-Shih Tang, Chung-Shih Tang Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Simon Sanidad, Simon Sanidad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tracey H. Takenaka Tracey H. Takenaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 76, Issue 3, 1 June 1983, Pages 535–538, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/76.3.535 Published: 01 June 1983 Article history Received: 15 December 1981 Accepted: 01 September 1982 Published: 01 June 1983
A Comparison of Online Electrochemical Spectroscopy Impedance Estimation of Batteries (2018)

This paper compares the methods of undertaking on-line electrochemical impedance spectroscopy that have been published in the literature. This paper describes the different published methodologies and sorts these into categories. This paper looks at the theoretical analysis of the circuits and control techniques and follows up with simulation and/or experimental studies of these methods. This paper focuses on battery systems.
Immunobiosensor Chips for Detection of <i>Escherichia </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i> O157:H7 Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2002)

Impedance biosensor chips were developed for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 based on the surface immobilization of affinity-purified antibodies onto indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode chips. The immobilization of antibodies onto ITO chips was carried out using an epoxysilane monolayer to serve as a template for chemical anchoring of antibodies. The surface characteristics of chips before and after the binding reaction between the antibodies and antigens were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The patterns of the epoxysilanes monolayer, antibodies, and E. coli cells were clearly observed from the AFM images. Alkaline phosphatase as the labeled enzyme to anti-E. coli O157:H7 antibody was used to amplify the binding reaction of antibody-antigen on the chips. The biocatalyzed precipitation of 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate by alkaline phosphatase on the chips in pH 10 PBS buffer containing 0.1 M MgCl2 increased the electron-transfer resistance for a redox probe of Fe(CN)6(3-/4-) at the electrode-solution interface or the electrode resistance itself. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetric method were employed to follow the stepwise assembly of the systems and the electronic transduction for the detection of E. coli. The biosensor could detect the target bacteria with a detection limit of 6 x 10(3) cells/mL. A linear response in the electron-transfer resistance for the concentration of E. coli cells was found between 6 x 10(4) and 6 x 10(7) cells/mL.
Synthesis of heat exchanger networks: I. Systematic generation of energy optimal networks (1978)

Abstract A thermodynamically orientated method is presented for the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. With this method, the problem is solved in two stages. In the first stage, preliminary networks are generated which give maximum heat recovery. In the second stage, the most satisfactory final networks are evolved using the preliminary networks as starting points. In this paper, emphasis is given to the synthesis of the preliminary networks. Two four‐stream examples are solved. In Part II, emphasis will be given to the synthesis of final networks.
POWDERED ACTIVATED CARBON: CAN THIS BE EFFECTIVELY ASSESSED IN THE LABORATORY? (2000)

Powdered activated carbon (PAC) is widely used in the water treatment industry for the removal of a variety of organic contaminants. Traditionally tests, such as Freundlich isotherms and iodine, methylene blue and tannin number tests have been used to assess PAC in the laboratory. Attempts to draw correlations between these indicator parameters and the adsorption properties of PAC are described, but these were generally found to be inadequate in assessing PAC for treatment applications. A modified jar test procedure was developed which accounts for a large number of variables, including the natural organic matter in the water, the contact time and the effect of other treatment chemicals such as coagulants, oxidants and lime. Using this test it was possible to accurately determine the optimum PAC dose required for geosmin removal at a water works. Based on the findings of other researchers, the data obtained from this test can be used to determine the most suitable type of PAC and dose for use in a particular application. Using this test, it is possible to effectively assess PAC in the laboratory.
A Cloud Chamber Study of the Effect That Nonprecipitating Water Clouds Have on the Aerosol Size Distribution (1994)

When an air parcel in the atmosphere passes through a nonprecipitating cloud cycle, a subset of the aerosol population called cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is activated and forms cloud droplets. During the cloud phase, trace gases, such as SO2, are dissolved into the droplets and undergo aqueous phase chemical reactions, forming low-volatility products, such as sulfates, that remain as residue when the cloud droplets evaporate. The resulting increase in residual mass can have a dramatic effect on the aerosol size distribution, causing the CCN to grow relative to the smaller particles (interstitial aerosol) which were not activated in the cloud. This process was graphically demonstrated in a series of experiments carried out in the Calspan 600-m3 environmental chamber, under conditions where the precloud reactants could be carefully controlled. Size distributions taken before and after a cloud cycle showed significant conversion of SO2 to H2SO4 and a dramatic change in the aerosol size distribution. Subsequent cloud cycles (with the same expansion rate and trace gas concentrations) exhibited very small mass conversion rates. The decreased conversion rate is explained by the increased acidity of the cloud droplet due to the increased mass of the CCN. The terminal size of the resulting CCN was on the order of one-fiftieth the size of the cloud droplets. The pH of a droplet formed on a sulfuric acid aerosol particle one-fiftieth its size is about 5. No such limit to the conversion rate of SO2 in a droplet was observed when H2O2 was used as the oxidant or when gaseous NH3 was present in sufficient concentration to neutralize the acid. Growth laws for the increase in the equivalent dry mass of CCN during the time the CCN was within the cloud droplet were derived from the rate of SO2 conversion in bulk water when the gaseous reactants are in Henry's law equilibrium with the bulk solution. These growth laws were incorporated into a microphysical cloud model which simulated cloud droplet formation and growth processes in the chamber. The model was initialized using the measured size distribution in the chamber. These modeling results predicted the double-peaked character of the size distribution observed in the experiment, but the observed conversion was much greater than that predicted for the case of SO2 oxidation by O3.