gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A myrionemoid variant of<i>Ectocarpus fasciculatus</i>Harv. (1971)

Culture experiments on Ectocarpus fasciculatus Harv. have been carried out using material from three separate localities. Under certain conditions, which have yet to be exactly defined, sporelings develop into plants quite unlike ‘normal’ Ectocarpus but resembling Myrionema corunnae Sauv. Reference is made to a field observation of a similar phenomenon by Jaasund (1965) and the status of M. corunnae is discussed.
New Completion System Eliminates Remedial Squeeze Cementing for Zone Isolation (1981)

ABSTRACT A new completion system has been developed which provides permanent and positive zone isolation and eliminates the need for remedial squeeze cementing. This system utilizes one or more long external casing packers that are positioned across the completion interval and inflated with cement during the primary cementing operation. Packer inflation exerts a hydraulic centralizing force on the packer mandrel to center it in the borehole and surrounds it with uncontaminated cement. As the packing element expands, it conforms to borehole irregularities. After the cement sets and the casing is drilled out, the packer(s) is(are) perforated and the zone(s) completed using normal completion practices with assurance that vertical fluid migration, via the casing-wellbore annulus, into or out of the perforated interval, is prevented.
O turismo enquanto agente de transformação sócio-espacial: O caso de Goa (2020)

O turismo em Goa, enquanto actividade económica, encontra as suas origens na década de 1960, quando hippies ocidentais descobriram as suas praias inexploradas, a sua atmosfera descontraída e rural, e drogas facilmente acessíveis a baixo custo. Contudo, a natureza letárgica de Goa só começou a mudar em meados dos anos 1980, com o estabelecimento de voos charter, introduzindo no território um novo tipo de turismo. A promoção e comercialização de Goa como um importante destino turístico internacional resultaram num número de visitantes muito superior ao número de residentes locais, excedendo a capacidade de carga do território. Ao mesmo tempo que Goa sofre os impactes destas grandes mudanças, continua a ser fortemente promovida como um paraíso turístico. Deste modo, o território enfrenta o desafio de tentar equilibrar as vantagens económicas do turismo com as questões ambientais e a mudança inevitável do seu tecido sociocultural. Este artigo procura apresentar e discutir o desenvolvimento de Goa enquanto destino turístico, examinando os impactes socioculturais, económicos e ambientais provocados por esse desenvolvimento.
Regulation of thyrotropin receptor gene expression in rat FRTL-5 thyroid cells. (1992)

TSH receptor mRNA levels in FRTL-5 thyroid cells are autoregulated at a transcriptional level by the same hormones required for the growth and function of the cells: TSH, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). Thus, the ability of TSH, via its cAMP signal, to down-regulate steady state receptor mRNA levels is preceded by the action of TSH to decrease pre-mRNA levels in nuclear run-on assays to the same quantitative level as evident in Northern analyses. In contrast, the receptor mRNA half-life is shown not to change when down-regulation is reversed by withdrawing TSH in the presence or absence of actinomycin-D. Evidence is additionally provided that TSH receptor mRNA levels are increased by insulin, IGF-I, or calf serum in both Northern and run-on assays. This action cannot be duplicated by hydrocortisone and is evident at more than 20-fold lower concentrations of IGF-I than insulin. Moreover, insulin, IGF-I, and/or calf serum are required for the autoregulatory negative transcriptional regulation of the TSH receptor by TSH/cAMP, as is the case for thyroglobulin. This occurs despite the opposite actions of TSH/cAMP on the two genes, positive in the case of thyroglobulin and negative with TSH receptor. The positive and negative regulatory actions, respectively, of insulin/IGF-I and TSH on receptor gene expression are associated with coincident increases or decreases in cell surface receptors measured by [125I]TSH binding. The autoregulation additionally involves the interplay of a second cAMP-modulated regulatory factor, one which up-regulates TSH receptor mRNA levels rather than causing down-regulation. Thus, cycloheximide inhibits the transcriptional action of both TSH/cAMP and insulin/IGF-I/serum within 4 h, i.e. a rapidly synthesized protein is an intermediate in both cases. The presence of cycloheximide for as little as 1 h, however, uncovers the ability of TSH/cAMP to increase TSH receptor mRNA levels. This activity is the result of the action of a stable cAMP-induced activator which can be detected physiologically, i.e. in the absence of cycloheximide. For example, low levels of a cAMP analog (0.2 mM), as opposed to high levels (greater than 1 mM), can increase TSH receptor RNA levels. Low levels also accelerate the insulin/IGF-I-dependent return of receptor mRNA to normal levels after TSH withdrawal.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
The Extraction of Selected Transplutonium(III) and Lanthanide(III) Ions by Dihexyl-<i>N, N</i>-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate from Aqueous Nitrate Media (1981)

Abstract The extraction behavior of selected transplutonium(III) and lanthanide(III) ions fromnitrate solution was studied using relatively pure dihexyl-N, N-diethyl-carbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP). The data obtained for Am(III) and Eu(III) using DHDECMP were compared with analogous measurements obtained with dibutyl butylphosphonate (DB[BP]) and in certain cases with dihexyl-N, N-diethylcarbamoylethylphosphonate (DHDECEP). It was found that both the nitrate and extractant concentration dependencies were third power. The Kd 's for Am(III) and for Eu(III) measured from low acid LiNO3 solutions were similar for DHDECMP, DHDECEP, and DB[BP], thus giving no evidence for any significant chelation effect for DHDECMP. Significant differences among DHDECMP, DHDECEP, and DB[BP] are found for the extraction of Am(III) and Eu(III) from 1 to 5 M HNO3. These differences are explained by the ability of DHDECMP (and to a lesser extent, DHDECEP) to buffer itself against HNO3 by protonation of the amide group. The Kd 's for Am(III) through Fm(III) and for La(III) through Lu(III) measured from LiNO3 and HNO3 using DHDECMP show a definite tetrad effect when plotted as a function of Z. The Kd 's for the lanthanides generally decrease with Z whereas the Kd 's for the transplutonium elements change very little with Z.
Comparison of Retroviral Transduction Efficiency in CD34 <sup>+</sup> Cells Derived from Bone Marrow versus G‐CSF–Mobilized or G‐CSF Plus Stem Cell Factor–Mobilized Peripheral Blood in Nonhuman Primates (2004)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are ideal targets for genetic manipulation in the treatment of several congenital and acquired disorders affecting the hematopoietic compartment. Although G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood CD34(+) cells are the favored source of hematopoietic stem cells in clinical transplantation, this source of stem cells does not provide meaningful engraftment levels of genetically modified cells compared with G-CSF + stem cell factor (SCF)-mobilized cells in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, the use of G-CSF mobilization can have disastrous consequences in patients with sickle cell disease, a long-held target disorder for HSC-based gene therapy approaches. We therefore conducted a study to compare the levels of genetically modified cells attainable after retroviral transduction of CD34(+) cells collected from a bone marrow (BM) harvest with CD34(+) cells collected from a leukapheresis product after mobilization with G-CSF (n = 3) or G-CSF in combination with SCF (n = 3) in the rhesus macaque autologous transplantation model. Transductions were performed using retroviral vector supernatant on fibronectin-coated plates for 96 hours in the presence of stimulatory cytokines. BM was equal to or better than G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral transduction. Although the highest marking observed was derived from G-SCF + SCF-mobilized peripheral blood in two animals, marking in the third originated only from the BM fraction. These results demonstrate that steady-state BM is at least equivalent to G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood as a source of HSCs for retroviral gene transfer and the only currently available source for patients with sickle cell disease.
Modifying expression of EphA4 and its downstream targets improves functional recovery after stroke (2013)

Functional recovery after stroke varies greatly between patients, potentially due to differences in gene expression. Several processes like angiogenesis, neurogenesis, axonal reorganization and synaptic plasticity act in concert to restore neurological functions. The ephrin family has known roles in all these processes. EphA4 is the most abundant ephrin receptor in the nervous system. Therefore, we investigated whether EphA4 affects functional recovery from stroke, and evaluated the potential of this receptor as a therapeutic target. Motor recovery after photothrombotic stroke was studied in transgenic mice in which expression of EphA4 was reduced. Furthermore, blocking a downstream target of EphA4, ROCK (Rho-associated kinase), by two different compounds was evaluated in the same model. Motor recovery after photothrombotic stroke was markedly enhanced in transgenic mice with reduced levels of EphA4, whereas infarct sizes were similar compared with non-transgenic controls. Pharmacological inhibition of the EphA4 signaling cascade using two ROCK inhibitors,Y-27632 and fasudil, improved motor function of mice after stroke. Infarct size was comparable in all groups studied, suggesting that the benefit obtained by EphA4 inhibition is not neuroprotective in nature but due to an effect on the mechanisms underlying recovery. Our findings show that reduction of EphA4 improves motor function after experimental stroke and demonstrate that ROCK inhibition is a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance recovery after ischemic stroke.
Thoracic versus whole body bioimpedance measurements: the relation to hydration status and hypertension in peritoneal dialysis patients (2006)

The whole body bioimpedance technique is a highly promising non-invasive, reproducible, fast and inexpensive bed-side method for monitoring hydration status. Using segmental bioimpedance measurements, it is possible to obtain information about the fluid change in each body segment (Song, Lee, Kim and Kim 1999 Perit. Dial. Int. 19 386-90). In this pilot study we have measured 25 male patients (30-65 yr, BMI 20-32 kg m(-2)) undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Tetrapolar impedance measurements were obtained using the right-side technique (whole body), and a segmental impedance method focused in the thorax region. Blood pressure (BP) measurements were taken manually with a sphygmomanometer. Patients were classified as either stable (group 0) or unstable (group 1) using clinical parameters of overall cardiovascular risk. The Mahalanobis distance (dM2) was calculated for the mean blood pressure (BP(mean)), and the impedance parameter R normalized by body height H for the right-side (R(RS)/H) and the thorax segment (R(TH)/H). Differences between groups were significant (p < 0.0001) for R(TH)/H and for BP(mean), and less significant (p = 0.016) for R(RS)/H. Group 1 patients showed a small dM2 as compared with a reference patient (a critical patient with acute lung edema) with high BP(mean) and low values of R(TH)/H and R(RS)/H. Moreover, Group 0 patients showed a larger dM2 with respect to the reference patient, with lower BP(mean) and higher values of R(TH)/H and R(RS)/H. All patients classified as unstable by clinical assessment were correctly classified using R(TH)/H in conjunction with BP(mean) using dM2. Segmental-monofrequency non-invasive bioimpedance of the thoracic region could provide a simple, objective non-invasive method of support for facilitating the clinical assessment of CAPD patients.
Elimination of water peak in optical fibre taper components (1990)

A water peak of typically 0.4 dB at 1380 nm is apparent in the loss spectra of single-mode fibre taper components made with conventional water-producing flames. The loss peak is avoided entirely by using a water-free heat source, such as a carbon monoxide flame.
Regulation of inositol phosphate metabolism in chemoattractant-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Definition of distinct dephosphorylation pathways for IP3 isomers. (1987)

The metabolism of the calcium mobilizing inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) isomer was studied in myo-[3H]inositol labeled, chemoattractant-stimulated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs), and in PMN lysates. It was determined that 1,4,5-IP3 is metabolized in vitro by two distinct pathways: 1) by sequential dephosphorylation to 1,4-IP2, 4-IP1, and inositol or 2) by ATP dependent conversion to 1,3,4,5-IP4, followed by dephosphorylation to form 1,3,4-IP3, 3,4-IP2, 3-IP1, and inositol. In PMNs stimulated with 0.1 microM N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe), 1,4-IP2, 1,4,5-IP3, and IP4, were elevated by 5 s; whereas production of 1,3,4-IP3, 3,4-IP2, and IP1 occurred only after an initial lag (approximately 15 s). The predominant IP1 isomer formed in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells was 4-IP1. Production of 1,3,4-IP3 and 3,4-IP2 was markedly reduced (17 and 35% of control, respectively) in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells pretreated to prevent a rise in intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). PMNs were also stimulated with leukotriene B4 (LTB4) since this agent is a poor activator of the respiratory burst compared to fMet-Leu-Phe. Peak levels (5 s) of 1,4,5-IP3 were equivalent after stimulation with 0.1 microM fMet-Leu-Phe versus 0.1 microM LTB4 (320 +/- 38% versus 378 +/- 38% of control values, respectively; n = 5); however, at 30 s, 1,4,5-IP3 remained elevated only in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated cells. Similarly, elevation of [Ca2+]i was more prolonged in response to 0.1 microM fMet-Leu-Phe (greater than 3 min) versus LTB4 (1 min). Thus, signal transduction in PMNs may be modulated by both the duration of the initial 1,4,5-IP3 signal and by the metabolic pathway(s) utilized to convert this IP3 isomer to other, potentially active inositol phosphate products.
The Role of Nanotechnology in Automotive Industries (2012)

Two main strategies can be sought in order to produce highly scratch resistant clearcoats: the first is optimizing cross-linking behavior of the clearcoat utilizing appropriate components and the second is introducing reinforcing inorganic fillers into the clearcoat formulation. The
GR94839, a κ‐opioid agonist with limited access to the central nervous system, has antinociceptive activity (1992)

1. The pharmacological profile of GR94839, a kappa-opioid agonist with limited access to the central nervous system, has been investigated. Its antinociceptive activity has been compared with that of GR103545, a centrally-penetrating kappa-agonist and ICI204448, the previously described peripherally-selective kappa-agonist. 2. GR94839 was a potent agonist in the rabbit vas deferens in vitro assay for kappa-opioid receptors (IC50: 1.4 +/- 0.3 nM; n = 6), but had limited activity at mu- or delta-opioid receptors. 3. In the mouse abdominal constriction test, GR94839 was 238 fold more potent when given i.c.v. (ED50: 0.008 (0.004-0.029) mg kg-1; n = 18) than when s.c. (ED50: 1.9 (0.7-3.1) mg kg-1; n = 30). In comparison, GR103545 was equipotent when given i.c.v. or s.c. 4. After intravenous administration, the maximum plasma to brain concentration-ratio attained by GR94839 was 18 compared with 2 for GR85571, a structurally-related kappa-agonist that is centrally-penetrating. 5. GR94839 inhibited the 2nd phase of the rat formalin response at doses 7 fold lower than those required to inhibit the 1st phase (ED50 vs 1st phase: 10.2 (6.7-17.1) mg kg-1, s.c.; ED50 vs 2nd phase: 1.4 (1.0-1.8) mg kg-1, s.c.; n = 18). GR103545 was equipotent against the two phases. 6. Intraplantar administration of the opioid antagonists, norbinaltorphimine (100 micrograms) or naltrexone (1 microgram), reversed the antinociceptive effect of systemic GR94839 (3 mg kg-1, s.c.) against the 2nd phase of the formalin response and intraplantar injection of GR94839 (30-100 micrograms) selectively inhibited the 2nd phase.7. GR94839 and IC1204448 reversed the hyperalgesia in the zymosan-inflamed rat paw at doses (ED50 GR94839: 2.0 (1.1-3.2) mg kg-', s.c.; ED50 IC1204448: 1.2 (0.8-1.7) mg kg-', s.c.), lower than those required to raise the noxious pressure threshold in the non-inflamed paw (EDSO GR94839: 16.4 (8.6-46.7) mg kg', s.c.; ED50 IC1204448: 68.0 (22.1-32000) mg kg', s.c.). GR103545 raised the noxious presure threshold in the inflamed and non-inflamed paws at the same doses.8. GR94839 was sedative in the rat rotarod test (ED50: 35 (12-245) mg kg-', s.c.) at doses higher than those required to inhibit the 2nd phase of the formalin response or reverse hyperalgesia in the zymosan-inflamed rat paw. The doses were comparable to those that inhibited the 1st phase of the formalin response and raised the noxious pressure threshold in the non-inflamed paw.9. The results suggest that GR94839 is a selective kappa-agonist which has antinociceptive activity against inflammatory pain at doses that produce limited central effects. These antinociceptive effects are probably mediated at peripheral opioid receptors.
Sourceless Porosity and Permeability Estimation with NMR Logs While Drilling in a Carbonate Reservoir: A Case Study (2013)

Abstract Sourceless porosity estimation has become more attractive because of evolving government regulatory and HSE requirements. The use of wireline nuclear sensors and their HSE procedures have a 50-year history, while nuclear sensors for logging while drilling share the last 20 of those years. Recently, the potential of using non-nuclear methods for porosity estimation has been explored in an offshore Abu Dhabi carbonate sequence. This paper presents a case study of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) logs while drilling, in comparison to conventional density and neutron logs using radioactive chemical sources. NMR T1 porosities were also compared to laboratory core results. Two approaches are investigated: Estimated hydrogen-index correction to NMR moveable-fluid volume using core-normalized porosities.An insight into an integrated NMR-acoustic approach, using the two sensor measurements to derive a corrected porosity. A workflow is proposed for optimized job planning, operational procedures, data-acquisition parameters, and interpretation techniques. Permeability estimation with NMR is discussed, and a selection of methods are considered and contrasted to laboratory core permeability and wireline formation-tester results. This paper explores the potential for sourceless porosity measurements through NMR and acoustic/NMR measurements in an offshore Abu Dhabi carbonate sequence in compliance with the HSE standards and government regulations, where the need for reconsidering reservoir characterization through sourceless porosity options will continue to grow.
Excimer laser fabrication of microbumps on platinum thin films (2007)

In this letter we report conditions for the reproducible, laser fabrication of microbumps on platinum thin films deposited on borosilicate glass substrates. Microbumps are formed as a result of irradiation of platinum thin film surfaces by a single pulse of 248nm radiation from a KrF excimer laser. Atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with energy dispersive x-ray analysis were used to characterize these microbumps. A simple qualitative view of the mechanism of microbump formation based on laser heating and movement of melted borosilicate glass and platinum materials is discussed.
Predictive quad-tree expansion technique for image compression in wavelet transform domain (2004)

A predictive tree structure is presented for classifying the wavelet coefficients, and a new scheme is proposed to construct the trees based on rate distortion function, including both the optimal hierarchical quadtree construction and the predictive spatial orientation tree development. The full search quadtree optimization is applied first to the highest level of high frequency subbands, exploiting the intrasubband correlation of wavelet coefficients. The generated optimal quadtree serves as a predictor to construct the trees for other lower level subbands in which only the leaf nodes are to be analyzed in terms of the associated Lagrange costs for further expansion, taking advantage of the self-similarity across subbands. Constraining the full search quadtree optimization within the highest level subband reduces the computational complexity significantly. Simulation results indicate the proposed scheme is efficient and the performance of the system is comparable to some of the popular image compression techniques.
FRACTIONAL ORDER MODELING AND CONTROL OF MULTI-INPUT-MULTI-OUTPUT PROCESSES (2015)

Fractional calculus is a mathematical tool for augmenting conventional integrals and derivatives. When introduced to control theory, it poses new opportunities and challenges for engineers. In the literature, pioneers have revealed the benefits brought to some general control theory by fractional order (FO) modeling and control techniques. Yet, there has notbeen a systematic study of such techniques for specific industrial processes. Therefore, this dissertation makes the efforts to fulfill the task. This research originates from the equipment control in the semiconductor manufacturing industry, and most problems under discussion are very practical. Newly developed methodologies for solving these problems are exhibited: for example, the relay feedback identification of FO models, auto-decoupling of FO multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) processes, relative gain array of FO MIMO processes, feedback linearization of nonlinear FO systems, and the FO sliding-mode based extreme seeking control for impedance matching, etc. In addition, comprehensive literature surveys on relevant topics are provided; and an extensive review and evaluation of existing numerical tools for fractional calculus and FO controls are conducted. Novel concepts, such as the pseudo frequency response, are promoted; and potential future research opportunities are identified. Through these efforts, fractional order modeling and control are expected to receive wider adoption so that this powerful tool can be used more broadly for the development of modern industry.Fractional calculus is like a mutated gene fragment which generates varieties of research spices when it is grafted to any research breed. Beside the research in the scope of pure FO modeling and control, a cadenza chapter is provided in the end of this dissertation, in which some interesting thinking, experimental results and hypothesis on miscellaneous research topics are presented. These discussions involve topics related to either fractional calculus or controls, such as Arduino based control demo gadgets for education, EtherCAT timing jitter characterization, Levy distribution based random search, fractal analysis of the financial market, a Hurst exponent based technical indicator, etc.
Highly Efficient Alkene-Alkene and Arene-Alkene Coupling Reactions with Vicinal Dibromides (1990)

Palladium-catalyzed twofold coupling reactions of 1,2-dibromocycloalkenes 4, 7 with alkenes 2 give high yields of (E,Z,E)-1.3,5-hexatrienes 5, 8 which thermally cyclize to ringannulated 1,3-cyclohexadienes 6, 9. Two-, three- and fourfold Heck type coupling reactions were also achieved with vicinal di-13, tri- 16, and tetrabromobenzene 18 under appropriate conditions.