gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorylated Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Mediates Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Induced Penile Erection1 (2004)

The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced penile erection is mediated by activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) through its phosphorylation. We assessed the role of constitutively activated eNOS in VEGF-induced penile erection using wild-type (WT) and eNOS-knockout (eNOS(-/-)) mice with and without vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. Adult WT and eNOS(-/-) mice were subjected to sham operation or bilateral castration to induce vasculogenic erectile dysfunction. At the time of surgery, animals were injected intracavernosally with a replication-deficient adenovirus expressing human VEGF145 (10(9) particle units) or with empty virus (Ad.Null). After 7 days, erectile function was assessed in response to cavernous nerve electrical stimulation. Total and phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) as well as total and phosphorylated eNOS were quantitatively assessed in mice penes using Western immunoblot and immunohistochemistry. In intact WT mice, VEGF145 significantly increased erectile responses, and in WT mice after castration, it completely recovered penile erection. However, VEGF145 failed to increase erectile responses in intact eNOS(-/-) mice and only partially recovered erectile function in castrated eNOS(-/-) mice. In addition, VEGF145 significantly increased phosphorylation of eNOS at Serine 1177 by approximately 2-fold in penes of both intact and castrated WT mice. The data provide a molecular explanation for VEGF stimulatory effect on penile erection, which involves phosphorylated eNOS (Serine 1177) mediation.
Development of an end-point detection procedure for the post-expose bake process (1995)

Iii previous work by Sturtevant et al [1994] it was shown how the use of scatterometry data obtained in real time during the post-expose bake (PEB) step of the photolithography process can improve critical dimension (CD) control. However, it is not obvious that the ad hoc methodology utilized during these experiments conducted at IBM, is the best way to use this valuable information. This paper focuses on the development of more rigorous methods that can incorporate scatterometry data in on-line prediction of the bake time necessary to achieve the target CD. First, a brief description of the system and required tools is given. Then, a model that can relate the measured intensity and the time the wafer has been baked (referred to hereafter as the bake time) is introduced. Then, two theoretical methods that can utilize this model to calculate the bake end point are described. Finally, these two methods are applied to the analysis ofadditional data collected at IBM and operation oftbe complete end point control system is emulated to the extent that is possible. Keywords: end-point detection, process control, deep-UV lithography, scatterometry, post-exposure bake process
Human activity recognition using a fuzzy inference system (2009)

This paper presents a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for recognizing human activities using a triaxial accelerometer. The accelerometer is used to collect human motion acceleration data for classifying four different activities: moving forward, jumping, going upstairs, and going downstairs. Three different features including peak to peak amplitude, standard deviation, and correlation between axes are extracted from each axis of the accelerometer as inputs to the fuzzy system. The fuzzy rules and the membership functions of this fuzzy system are defined based on the experimental values of these features. The experiments show that the proposed fuzzy inference system recognizes moving forward, jumping, going upstairs, and going downstairs with accuracy of 100%, 96.7%, 93.3%, and 93.3%, respectively.
Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms and Pattern Search Methods for Circuit Design Problems (2006)

Abstract: The paper concerns the design of evolutionary algorithms and pattern search methods on two circuit design problems: the multi-objective optimization of an Operational Transconductance Amplifier and of a fifth-order leapfrog filter. The experimental results obtained show that evolutionary algorithms are more robust and effective in terms of the quality of the solutions and computational effort than classical methods. In particular, the observed Pareto fronts determined by evolutionary algorithms has a better spread of solutions with a larger number of nondominated solutions when compared to the classical multi-objective techniques.
The structure and function of a soybean β-glucan-elicitor-binding protein (1997)

beta-Glucan elicitor (GE), released from the cell wall of the phytopathogenic fungus Phytophthora megasperma by soybean glucanases, causes defense reactions in soybean. A GE-binding protein (GEBP) was purified from the membrane fraction of soybean root cells, and its cDNA was isolated. Expression of the cDNA clone in tobacco suspension cultured cells and in Escherichia coli conferred GE-binding activity to both. An antibody against the recombinant protein was found to inhibit the GE binding with the soybean cotyledon membrane fraction as well as the resulting accumulation of phytoalexin. Immunolocalization assays indicated that the GEBPs are located in the plasma membrane of root cells. These results suggest that the cDNA encodes a GE receptor and may mediate the signaling of the elicitor.
Zur GC Analyse und zu chemischen Typen von Kamillenöl (1977)

Abstract Durch Benutzung der Silikonphase QF‐1 wurde die bisher beste Trennung der Komponenten von Kamillenöl durchgeführt, besonders des α‐Bisabolols und α‐Bisabolonoxids A. Bisabolonoxid A 1 kommt in der Mehrzahl der Kamillenöle vor, und im ätherischen Öl bulgarischen Ursprungs ist es eine dominierende Substanz. Zu den bisherigen vier chemischen Typen muß auch dieser weitere Ketontyp mit aufgenommen werden. Ein hoher Gehalt an α‐Bisabolol wurde auch im ätherischen Öl spanischen Ursprungs festgestellt.
Receptor-mediated endocytosis of transferrin at the blood-brain barrier (1993)

Rat brains were perfuse with a transferrin-peroxidase conjugate (Tf-HRP) to characterize morphologically the endocytic pathway of transferrin in blood-brain barrier endothelial cells. Electron microscopic evaluation of rat brains perfused with Tf-HRP at 4 degrees C and subsequently warmed to 37 degrees C for brief periods of time (2 minutes) showed sequestration of Tf-HRP in clathrin coated pits and vesicles on the luminal membrane of the brain endothelium. After 5 minutes of warming, diaminobenzidine (DAB) reaction product was present in vesicular structures 250-500 nm in diameter and in associated tubules morphologically identified as large or sorting endosomes. Recycling endosomes were also heavily labelled at this time point. Almost no DAB reaction product remained in the cerebral endothelial cells when the warming period was longer than 15 minutes. Other rat brains were perfused with Tf-HRP at 30 degrees C for 15 minutes prior to fixation and DAB cytochemistry. In these studies, brain endothelial cells contained large amounts of DAB reaction product, mostly localized in 50-100 nm vesicles and tubules, often in the Golgi region of the cells. Coated pits and vesicles and large endosomes were also heavily labelled. Transcytosis of Tf-HRP was not identified in either perfusion protocol. Ultrastructural, indirect immunocytochemical localization of transferrin receptors showed that the transferrin receptor is highly polarized at the blood-brain barrier and is localized only on the apical membrane, in contrast to other polarized epithelial cells, like hepatocytes, in which the receptor is present on the basolateral membrane. The evidence supports an iron transport model in which iron-loaded transferrin is taken up by receptor-mediated endocytosis at the luminal membrane of brain capillaries. The iron then dissociates from transferrin in endosomal compartments and is transcytosed by unknown mechanisms, while the transferrin is retroendocytosed.
The orthoester Claisen rearrangement in the synthesis of mycophenolic acid (1991)

The orthoester Claisen rearrangement is used as a key reaction in the facile conversion of an acetaldehyde moiety stereospecifically into the (E)-4-methylhex-4-enoic acid side-chain of mycophenolic acid.
The involvement of hydroxyl radical derived from hydrogen peroxide in lignin degradation by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. (1982)

The possible involvement of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-derived hydroxyl radical (.OH) in lignin degradation ([14C]lignin leads to 14CO2) by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. When P. chrysosporium was grown in low nitrogen medium (2.4 mM N), an increase in the specific activity for H2O2 production in cell extracts was observed to coincide with the appearance of ligninolytic activity and both activities appeared after the culture entered stationary phase. The production of .OH in ligninolytic cultures of P. chrysosporium was demonstrated by alpha-keto-gamma-methiolbutyric acid-dependent formation of ethylene. Hydrogen peroxide-dependent .OH formation was also shown in cell extracts of ligninolytic cultures. The radical species was demonstrated to be .OH by the .OH-dependent hydroxylation of p-hydroxybenzoic acid to form protocatechuic acid and by using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and detecting the production of the nitroxide radical of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide by EPR. These reactions were inhibited by .OH-scavenging agents and were stimulated when azide was added to inhibit endogenous catalase. Lignin degradation by P. chrysosporium was markedly suppressed in the presence of the .OH-scavenging agents mannitol, benzoate, and the nonspecific radical scavenging agent butylated hydroxytoluene. The above results indicate that .OH derived from H2O2 is involved in lignin biodegradation by P. chrysosporium.
Direct synthesis of titanium substituted SBA-15 under conventional hydrothermal conditions and their catalysis characterization (2003)

Titanium-substituted mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 have been first successfully synthesized by a new direct approach under conventional hydrothermal conditions. The products obtained by reacting titanium butoxide with acetylacetone were used as the titanium precursor. By means of X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance, a successful isomorphous substitution of titanium in the silica framework of SBA-15 samples with Si/Ti = 50, 25, 20 has been proved, the substitution of Ti for Si does not change the highly ordered two-dimensional hexagonal mesostructure of SBA-15. Titanium is totally tetrahedral and highly dispersed. Higher titanium loading leads to the formation of titanium dioxide. Comparing with two-step preparation method, it shows that under the direct synthesis method, or one-step preparation method, titanium and silicon precursor hydrolyze harmoniously. Ti-SBA-15 demonstrates relatively high catalytic ability on the oxidation of cyclohexene. The differences of structure and catalytic ability between Ti-SBA-15 synthesized by one-step method and two-step method are explained.
Flexible Paxos: Quorum intersection revisited (2016)

Distributed consensus is integral to modern distributed systems. The widely adopted Paxos algorithm uses two phases, each requiring majority agreement, to reliably reach consensus. In this paper, we demonstrate that Paxos, which lies at the foundation of many production systems, is conservative. Specifically, we observe that each of the phases of Paxos may use non-intersecting quorums. Majority quorums are not necessary as intersection is required only across phases. Using this weakening of the requirements made in the original formulation, we propose Flexible Paxos, which generalizes over the Paxos algorithm to provide flexible quorums. We show that Flexible Paxos is safe, efficient and easy to utilize in existing distributed systems. We conclude by discussing the wide reaching implications of this result. Examples include improved availability from reducing the size of second phase quorums by one when the number of acceptors is even and utilizing small disjoint phase-2 quorums to speed up the steady-state.
Atomic Cross-Chain Asset Exchange for Ethereum Public Chains (2021)

Blockchain technology is reaching mainstream users due to its adoption by a large number of enterprises. Numerous new blockchain platforms and projects are emerging every year, intending to become the best blockchain. However, blockchain technology is far from reaching its full potential because of siloed blockchain platforms. Hence different blockchains should be able to interact with each other for carrying out data sharing and asset transfer among them. In this paper, we propose an approach for atomic cross-chain transfer among heterogeneous blockchains. We provide the implementation details and working of the proposed approach for different Ethereum blockchains.
An Asymmetric Synthesis of N-Protected β-Amino Aldehydes and β-Amino Ketones (1995)

The stereoselective addition of lithium (S)-(α-methylbenzyl)benzylamide to αβ-unsaturated Weinreb amides gives the conjugate addition products with high stereoselectivities (99:1) which can be transformed into protected homochiral β-amino aldehydes and ketones.
High power blue–violet InGaN laser diodes grown on bulk GaN substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2005)

NRC publication: Yes
Water movement in the top layers of soil (1962)

In the unsaturated soil of top layers, adsorption of water Vapour takes place. Vapour pressure gradient in top layers of soil creates a gradient of adsorbed moisture. Hence moisture will be transferred by surface due to the gradient of the adsorbed molecules. This is in addition to volume transfer.
Concanavalin A-induced chemiluminescence in rat thymus lymphocytes. Its origin and role in mitogenesis (1981)

1. The luminol-dependent chemiluminescence of rat thymocytes responding to concanavalin A can be resolved into glucose-dependent and glucose-independent portions. 2. The glucose-dependent portion, supported by D-glucose and D-mannose oxidation, is inhibited by catalase (200 microgram/ml), amobarbital (1 mM) and hexose analogues that block D-glucose uptake. Thus concanavalin A may activate, transiently, an NAD(P)H oxidase that utilizes reducing equivalents derived from the oxidation of exogenous glucose to give dismutation products of O2- (including H2O2) as its major products. 3. The glucose-independent portion is inhibited by eicosa-5,8,11,14-tetraynoic acid but not by indomethacin. It may therefore be associated with the conversion of hydroperoxy intermediates of arachidonic acid metabolism to hydroxy products by the lipoxygenase pathway. 4. Preincubation of thymocytes for 18 h in serum-free medium enhances the subsequent chemiluminescent response to concanavalin A severalfold and evokes the response at a lower threshold concentration. The incorporation of [3H]thymidine by preincubated cells is similarly enhanced at low doses of concanavalin A, whereas the response to optimal doses is unaltered. 5. Catalase does not inhibit the enhanced incorporation of [3H]thymidine obtained in response to concanavalin A, but instead amplifies the response to low doses in the same manner as preincubation.
Detection and Diagnositc Value of Autoantibodies in Paitents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2011)

Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE).Methods:The serum content of autoantibodies in 1409 SLE patients and 1058 patients with other connective tissue disease(non-SLE group)were detected by using IIF,ELISA,and LIA methods.Comparison was carried out between the 2 groups.Results:The serum content of autoantibodies was significantly different between the 2 groups(P0.05 or P0.01)except for anti-CENP B antibody,anti-Jo-1 antibody,and anti-Scl-70 antibody(P0.05).The positive rate of ANA was markedly higher than that in the non-SLE group(79.1% vs 34.7,P0.01).In SLE patients,the content of autoantibodies did not differ between male and female patients except for ANA,anti-SSA antibody,and anti-nRNP/Sm antibody(P0.05);90.8%(1280/1409)of the SLE patients were female;49.3% of the patients aged from 20 to 39 years,followed by 37.0% of aging from 40 to 59 years.When ANA was negative,the positive rate of anti-SSA antibody was relatively high.Conclusion:Autoantibodies can be detected in the sera of SLE patients.To detect the antibodies is easy and reliable to help diagnose SLE.
White Matter Lesion Subtypes and Cognitive Deficits in Patients with Memory Impairment (2008)

In patients with cognitive impairment, SC WML, in particular in parieto-occipital regions, were associated with reduced cognitive function.
Lewis Acid Promoted Carbon−Carbon Bond Cleavage of γ-Silyloxy-β-hydroxy-α-diazoesters (2008)

Cyclic gamma-silyloxy-beta-hydroxy-alpha-diazoesters undergo efficient rupture of the Cbeta-Cgamma bond when treated with tin tetrachloride to provide tethered aldehyde ynoate products in high yield.
Management of major bleeding events in patients treated with rivaroxaban vs. warfarin: results from the ROCKET AF trial (2014)

Among high-risk patients with atrial fibrillation who experienced major bleeding in ROCKET AF, the use of FFP and PCC was less among those allocated rivaroxaban compared with warfarin. However, use of PRBCs and outcomes after bleeding were similar among patients randomized to rivaroxaban or to warfarin.
Study on the Cutting Mechanism of Abrasive Grain (7th Report) (1968)

Sliding phenomena of cutting edges are important peculities that have to be taken into consideration on making clear cutting mechanism in grinding.From the above-mentioned viewpoint, the effect of cutting velocity and interference angle on the sliding phenomenon has been discussed in previous papers.In this report, we discussed the effect of rake angle of cutting edge on the sliding phenomenon in cutting where the depth of cut increased linearly, and observed the cutting mechanism by using high speed camera.The results are as follows.Elastic and plastic sliding length of cutting edges increase with the increase of rake angle. The region of chip formation is devided into two regions of chip formation in shear type and in continuous type.
The Development of Direct Age 718 for Gas Turbine Engine Disk Applications (1989)

The processing trials and evaluations which led to the use of Direct Age 718 as a commercial gas turbine aircraft engine disk material are described. Initial trials performed on pancake forgings showed that high forge reductions, low forge temperatures, and heat treatment with only an age could produce very high tensile strength in Alloy 718 without degrading needed creep and stress rupture properties.
Stable polarization short pulse passively Q-switched monolithic microchip laser with [110] cut Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG (2009)

A monolithic Nd:YAG microchip laser with [110] cut Cr4+:YAG is presented. The output beam is linearly polarized with polarization ratio higher than 100:1. The polarization direction is stable, independent of pump power, crystal temperature, LD temperature. In single longitudinal mode operation, stable 259 ps pulses at 2.5 kHz with 82 kW peak power and diffraction limited beam mode are output. With a simple and compact one-pass Nd:YVO4 amplifier, 144 kW peak power is achieved. Single longitudinal and fundamental transverse mode is kept after passing through the amplifier stage. The microchip laser can be operated in two longitudinal modes with two sets of output pulses by increasing the pump power.
A solid state detector for intraoperative imaging (1999)

A beta detecting probe for intraoperative tumour imaging and localisation has been developed. The probe is based on a charge coupled device which detects the particles directly in its sensitive volume. The active area of the device is encapsulated within a carbon-fibre loaded plastic housing 75 /spl mu/m. Images are displayed in real time on a computer screen with a readout frequency of 1 MHz. A study of the effect of dark current on image formation at body temperature has demonstrated a reduction in the signal of /spl sim/55%. The advantage of this device for intraoperative tumour imaging is its minimal sensitivity to the background gamma radiation. This was confirmed using a /sup 18/F source separated from the CCD with a 2 cm perspex block to absorb the positrons. The linearity of the probe was also tested over an activity range of 1-100 /spl mu/Ci. Although the intrinsic resolution of the CCD was measured to be equal to 66 /spl mu/m, the image resolution of the device was <200 /spl mu/m. The sensitivity of the CCD at body temperature was 1120 counts/sec//spl mu/Ci. A preliminary imaging study demonstrates the potential of this device for clinical use.
Venlafaxine in neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer (2002)

Amitriptyline effectively relieves neuropathic pain following treatment of breast cancer. However, adverse effects are a major problem. Venlafaxine has no anticholinergic effects and could have a better compliance. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of venlafaxine in neuropathic pain. The study was a randomized, double-blind, crossover comparison of venlafaxine and inactive placebo. The study lasted 10 weeks. The number of tablets (18.75 mg) taken daily was increased by one at a 1 week interval. Pain intensity and pain relief were registered daily by a diary and by a questionnaire and a computer program (Painscreen) on each visit. Adverse effects were evaluated with the diaries and a 10-item list on each visit. Also, anxiety and depression were measured on each visit. Venous blood samples were collected before the treatment and at 4 weeks for the determination of the serum levels of venlafaxine and its three metabolites. Thirteen patients were analysed. The average daily pain intensity as reported in the diary (primary outcome) was not significantly reduced by venlafaxine compared with placebo. However, the average pain relief (diary) and the maximum pain intensity (retrospective assessment by the computer program) were significantly lower with venlafaxine compared with placebo. Anxiety and depression were not affected. Adverse effects did not show significant differences between treatments. The two poor responders had low venlafaxine concentrations whereas the two slow hydroxylizers had high venlafaxine concentrations and excellent pain relief. Thus, higher doses could be used in order to improve pain relief.
Sequence-Dependent Gelation Kinetics of β-Hairpin Peptide Hydrogels (2009)

The gelation kinetics of four β-hairpin oligopeptides that have been designed to exhibit responsive behavior to changes in environmental conditions, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature, are characterized using multiple particle tracking microrheology and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The peptides, predominantly an alternating sequence of valine and lysine residues, differ by a point substitution of a single amino acid near a type II'β-turn sequence. The rate of gelation becomes faster for point substitutions which reduce the total charge of the peptide. Similarly, increasing the ionic strength reduces or screens intra- and inter-molecular electrostatic repulsions, again leading to faster gelation kinetics. CD measurements show that the concentration of folded peptide at the gel point decreases as the gelation kinetics become slower, possibly indicating a relationship between the assembly rate and the resulting gel microstructure. Finally, a model is developed based on the electrostatic barrier to peptide folding and association which agrees semi-quantitatively with the microrheology results. This represents a first step towards understanding the role of peptide charge and physico-chemical conditions in the self-assembly of these peptide hydrogelators.