gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BER computation of 4/M-QAM hierarchical constellations (2002)

Hierarchical constellations offer a different degree of protection to the transmitted messages according to their relative importance. As such they find interesting application in digital video broadcasting systems as well as wireless multimedia services. Although a great deal of attention has been devoted in the recent literature to the study of the bit error rate (BER) performance of uniform quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations, very few results have been published on the BER performance of hierarchical QAM constellations. Indeed the only available expressions are "leading-term" approximate BER expressions for 4/16-QAM and 4/64-QAM. In this paper, we obtain exact and generic expressions in M for the BER of the 4/M-QAM (square and rectangular) constellations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and fading channels. For the AWGN case, these expressions are in the form of a weighted sum of complementary error functions and are solely dependent on the constellation size M, the carrier-to-noise ratio, and a constellation parameter which controls the relative message importance. Because of their generic nature, these new expressions readily allow numerical evaluation for various cases of practical interest. In particular, numerical results show that the leading-term approximation gives significantly optimistic BER values at low carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) in particular over Rayleigh fading channels but is quite accurate in the high CNR region.
Linear models for high-density magnetic recording of data (1989)

Noise in magnetic recording is contributed by the media, electronics, and mechanical imperfections in servoing. These affect signal-to-noise as a function of track width and linear density in different ways. Coding and modulation schemes for high-density recording must address these noise sources accurately. It is proposed to linearize the channel using AC biasing and then use techniques from information and communication theory to increase track densities without sacrificing too much in linear densities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genomic profile of a secretory breast cancer with an <i>ETV6–NTRK3</i> duplication (2009)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a carcinoma has been shown to harbour a duplication of the ETV6-NTRK3 translocation. The presence of an additional copy of the derivative chromosome der(15)t(12;15) coupled with deletion of the other derivative der(12)t(12;15) in the modal population of cancer cells suggests that this was either an early phenomenon or conferred additional growth advantage on neoplastic cells.
Holloman Air Development Center, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico. Weekly Test Status Report. (1954)

Abstract : The objective of this series of flights was to supported the filming of the motion picture 'The Threshold of Space' by 20th Century Fox. The first sequence of filming recorded the balloon layout, inflation, and the launch of the 'skylight' gondola. Further filming recorded the separation and impact of the gondola and also an attempted filming of a simulated bail-out from the gondola. A second sequence of filming was conducted by balloon-borne remote control cameras. The first flight recorded the surface directly under the balloon at altitudes of 50,000 to 100,000 feet at 10,000 foot increments. A second flight repeated the previous balloon-borne camera sequence with the exception that the camera was mounted with the lens 8.So downward from the horizontal and therefore photographed the horizon.
Engineering test results for the Moog Single Line Disconnect (1990)

New and innovative types of disconnects will be required to service, resupply, and maintain future spacecraft subsystems. Efficiently maintaining orbiting scientific instruments, spacecraft support systems, and a manned space station over a long period of time will require the periodic replenishment of consumables and the replacement of components. To accomplish these tasks, the fluid disconnect must be designed to allow the connection and separation of fluid lines and components with minimal hazard to crew and equipment. The capability to simply connect a refueling line or to easily replace a failed component greatly extends the life of a space based fluid system. A test program was initiated to evaluate the Moog Single Line Disconnect. The objective of the test program was to demonstrate the operational characteristics of the disconnect and to verify compliance with current safety regulations. The results of the program are summarized in the referenced document.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Microarterial Anastomoses with a Diode Laser: Comparison With Conventional Manual Suture (1995)

A diode-laser (830 nm)-assisted carotid artery end-to-end microanastomosis (LAMA) and a contralateral manual suture anastomosis (CMA) were performed in 70 Wistar rats. The vessel sealing was performed on the left carotid by laser pulses (average 3) of 500 mW power and 4.5 sec exposure time, the beam being focused on a spot of 300 microns diameter (700 W/cm2). The CMA was achieved on the right carotid by six 10-0 stitches. From day 0 to day 210, 40 specimens underwent scanning electron microscopy. The laser impact produced a wall injury of 100 microns in width, with an immediate sealing effect due to protein denaturation and collagen fusion of media and adventitia. The anastomosis became re-endothelialized by day 3, while the longitudinal arrangement of the endothelial cells was restored from day 10 on. In the long term, a thick collagenous meshwork of collagen and elastic fibers maintained the strength of the media, while normal endothelium covered the anastomosis. Inversely, after CMA vessel repair was delayed, and the anastomotic line was more irregular and underlined by medial fibrotic scar. In both anastomoses, the patency rate was 93 percent, with nonlethal complications. The advantages of LAMA vs. CMA were: shorter operating time (13 min/22 min), reduced intraoperative trauma, better healing of endothelium, and a miniaturization of the laser source well adapted to microsurgery.
Flow-directed, pulmonary artery catheter-induced pseudoaneurysm (1992)

KIRTON, ORLANDO C. MD; VARON, ALBERT J. MD; HENRY, ROBERT P. MD; CIVETTA, JOSEPH M. MD Author Information
Classbench: a packet classification benchmark (2005)

Packet classification is an enabling technology for next generation network services and often the primary bottleneck in high-performance routers. The performance and capacity of many algorithms and classification devices, including TCAMs, depend upon properties of the filter set and query patterns. Despite the pressing need, no standard filter sets or performance evaluation tools are publicly available. In response to this problem, we present ClassBench, a suite of tools for benchmarking packet classification algorithms and devices. ClassBench includes a filter set generator that produces synthetic filter sets that accurately model the characteristics of real filter sets. Along with varying the size of the filter sets, we provide high-level control over the composition of the filters in the resulting filter set. The tool suite also includes a trace generator that produces a sequence of packet headers to exercise packet classification algorithms with respect to a given filter set. Along with specifying the relative size of the trace, we provide a simple mechanism for controlling locality of reference. While we have already found ClassBench to be very useful in our own research, we seek to eliminate the significant access barriers to realistic test vectors for researchers und initiate a broader discussion to guide the refinement of the tools and codification of a formal benchmarking methodology.
A New Ti-5Ag Alloy for Customized Prostheses by Three-dimensional Printing (3DP™) (2001)

Three important considerations in the fabrication of customized cranio-maxillofacial prostheses are geometric precision, material strength, and biocompatibility. Three-dimensional printing (3DP) is a rapid part-fabrication process that can produce complex parts with high precision. The aim of this study was to design, synthesize by 3DP, and characterize a new Ti-5Ag (wt%) alloy. Silver nitrate was found to be an appropriate inorganic binder for the Ti powder-based skeleton, and the optimum sintering parameters for full densification were determined. The hardness of the Ti-5Ag alloy was shown to be much higher than that of a pure titanium sample. Potentiodynamic measurements, carried out in saline solution at body temperature, showed that the Ti-5Ag alloy had good passivation behavior, similar to that of pure titanium. It is concluded that the Ti-Ag system may be suitable for fabrication of customized prostheses by 3DP.
The Norton Grape: American Viticulture's Native Son (2011)

Norton is a little known grape whose history is inextricably intertwined with that of the wine industries in two states not generally known for viticulture: Virginia and Missouri. Virginia settlers began experimenting with wine making in 1609. Two centuries later a Richmond physician finally found a grape hearty enough to sustain the region's tough climate. The result, Dr. Daniel Norton's “Virginia Seedling”—what one grower calls “bulletproof”—is naturally resistant to the American-born plagues that still haunt European grapes. The grape grew in popularity not only in Virginia, but also in Missouri, where German immigrants made the state the country's leading winemaker. By the early twentieth century, however, the thriving viticulture in both states fell victim to a sweeping wave of prohibition. The wine industries vanished, taking Norton with them. Norton returned to Missouri in 1965 when a vintner found the grape growing wild in a bootlegger's back yard. It didn't reappear in significant quantity in Virginia until fifty-six years after the repeal of Prohibition, reintroduced to its native land by a Missourian. In the decades since, the grape's production has grown partially as a result of the state's blossoming wine industry, but Norton still remains a little known varietal, championed by a handful of passionate growers.
Defensins as anti-infective and immunomodulatory agents (2006)

Defensins are a large family of polypeptides occuring in most animals and plants. Since the first description of a defensin in 1985, the members of this peptide class are considered to play an important role in the innate immune defence of organisms, protecting against invading pathogens by killing bacteria and other microbes. In mammals, defensins display a broad functional spectrum, linking them to the adaptive immune system and other functions, and their expression is altered in certain disease states. This review summarises the patents that are associated with defensin peptides and their use as published between 2003 and March 2006.
Reactions of some methylene ketones with dimethyl phthalate. New route to 2-substituted 1,3-indandiones (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of some methylene ketones with dimethyl phthalate. New route to 2-substituted 1,3-indandionesWilliam A. Mosher and Robert W. SoederCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 11, 1561–1563Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00810a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00810a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1326Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists enhance the benzodiazepine-induced suppression of footshock induced fighting in mice. (1981)

Aggressive behavior in the footshock induced fighting test (FIFT) was studied after treatment with benzodiazepines (diazepam, nitrazepam, temazepam, medazepam) given alone or in combination with beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists (propranolol, oxprenolol, practolol). With the combinations of those drugs it was found that diazepam (0.5 mg/kg) with propranolol, oxprenolol, and practolol (20 mg/kg); nitrazepam (0.25 mg/kg) with propranolol (10 mg/kg) and nitrazepam (0.1 mg/kg) with practolol (20 mg/kg); temazepam (0.5 mg/kg) with propranolol (10 mg/kg) and temazepam (1 mg/kg) with oxprenolol and practolol (20 mg/kg); medazepam (1.5 mg/kg) with propranolol (10.mg/kg) and medazepam (1 mg/kg) with practolol (20 mg/kg) produced a statistically significant decrease in frequency of fighting episodes in mice as compared with benzodiazepines alone and with control animals. The results demonstrate that beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists potentiate the antiaggressive action of benzodiazepines when given in doses which by themselves do not suppress aggression.
A Tunable Energy Filter for Medical X‐Ray Imaging (2008)

A multiprism lens (MPL) is a refractive X‐ray lens, and its chromatic properties can be employed in an energy filtering setup to obtain a narrow tunable X‐ray spectrum. We present the first evaluation of such a filter for medical X‐ray imaging. The experimental setup yields a 6.6 gain of flux at 20 keV, and we demonstrate tunability by altering the energy spectrum to center also around 17 and 23 keV. All measurements are found to agree well with ray‐tracing and a proposed geometrical model. Compared to a model mammography system with absorption filtering, the experimental MPL filter reduces dose 13–25% for 3–7 cm breasts if the spectrum is centered around the optimal energy. Additionally, the resolution is improved 2.5 times for a 5 cm breast. The scan time is increased 3 times but can be reduced with a slightly decreased energy filtering and resolution.
Calculated cross sections for the K-shell ionization of chromium, nickel, copper, scandium and vanadium using the DM formalism (2001)

We used the Deutsch-Märk (DM) formalism to calculate atomic K-shell ionization cross sections for the elements chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), scandium (Sc) and vanadium (V). The calculated K-shell ionization cross sections were compared with recently measured K-shell ionization cross sections and good to satisfactory agreement has been found for all five elements. Moreover, when compared with other available calculated K-shell ionization cross sections for these five atoms using a variety of theoretical methods and semi-empirical formulae, the predictions of the DM formalism achieve a level of agreement with experimental data that is as good as, or sometimes better than, the predictions from the other methods.
Mode Behavior of Circular Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (2012)

Abstract The resonance properties of circular vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) are studied by using a newly developed equivalent network approach. Optical parameters, such as the stop-band or the reflectivity of periodic Bragg mirrors and the resonance wavelength, are explored for the design of these structures. To evaluate the differential quantum efficiency and the threshold current density, a transverse resonance condition of circular modal transmission-line theory is also utilized. This approach dramatically reduces the computational time as well as gives an explicit insight to explore the optical characteristics of circular VCSELs. Key Words : Circular Modal Transmission Line Theory, Circular VCSELs, Bragg mirrors * 정회원, 한성대학교 정보통신공학과접수일자 2012.1.8, 수정완료 2012.2.8.게재확정일자 2012.2.10Received: 8 January 2012 / Revised: 8 February 2012 /Accepted: 10 February 2012 * Corresponding Author: kwangho@hansung.ac.krDept. of Information and Communication Engineering, Hansung University, Seoul, Korea
MEMS switches (2003)

Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) microswitches are receiving increasing attention, particularly in the RF community. Low power consumption, low insertion loss, high isolation, excellent linearity, and the ability to be integrated with other electronics all make microswitches an attractive alternative to other mechanical and solid-state switches. This article features a newly developed, surface micromachined, electrostatically actuated direct metal-to-metal microswitch which can be used in applications from dc through microwave.
Ion conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide)‐based polyurethane networks containing alkali metal salts (1987)

Abstract Ion conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based polyurethane networks containing alkali metal salts has been investigated. Consequently, it has been revealed that the conductivity is dependent on the following parameters: lattice energy of the alkali metal salt, concentration of alkali metal salt, and the cross‐linking density of the network polymer (which is a function both of the amount of cross‐linking agent and the molecular weight of PEO). Under optimal conditions, the conductivity at ambient temperature corresponded to 2.51 × 10 −5 Scm −1 , which is greater than that of a typical alkali metal‐PEO system by a factor of about 10 2 to 10 3 . Moreover, from the standpoint of the application to electrochromic displays (ECD), tensile bond strength between the polymer electrolytes and tungsten trioxide (WO 3 ), which is the most promising electrochromic material, has been evaluated. The bonding strength of the bond of WO 3 with the present electrolyte has been found to be much larger than that of the alkali metal‐PEO system.
Attachment of Colloidal Nanoparticles to Boron Nitride Nanotubes (2016)

There is a strong interest to attach nanoparticles noncovalently to one-dimensional systems like boron nitride nanotubes to form composites. The combination of those materials might be used for catalysis, in solar cells, or for water splitting. Additionally, the fundamental aspect of charge transfer between the components can be studied in such systems. We report on the synthesis and characterization of nanocomposites based on semiconductor nanoparticles attached directly and noncovalently to boron nitride nanotubes. Boron nitride nanotubes were simply integrated into the colloidal synthesis of the corresponding nanoparticles. With PbSe, CdSe, and ZnO nanoparticles, a wide range of semiconductor band gaps from the near-infrared to the ultraviolet range was covered. A high surface coverage of the boron nitride nanotubes with these semiconducting nanoparticles was achieved, while it was found that a similar in situ approach with metallic nanoparticles does not lead to proper attachment. In addition, possible models for the underlying attachment mechanisms of all investigated nanoparticles are presented. To emphasize the new possibilities that boron nitride nanotubes offer as a support material for semiconductor nanoparticles, we investigated the fluorescence of BN-CdSe composites. In contrast to CdSe nanoparticles attached to carbon nanotubes, where the fluorescence is quenched, particles attached to boron nitride nanotubes remain fluorescent. With our versatile approaches, we expand the library of BN-nanoparticle composites that present an interesting, electronically noninteracting complement to the widely applied carbon nanotube-nanoparticle composite materials.
King's wharf power station in the year 1920 (1977)

After five years as a marine engineer with the Union Steam Ship Company and having gained his chief engineer's certificate, the author was fortunate in securing a position ashore with the Auckland City Council as a shift engineer at the King's Wharf power station.
Band bending, Fermi level pinning, and surface fixed charge on chemically prepared GaAs surfaces (1989)

We compare the nature of the band bending under GaAs surfaces prepared by alkaline sulfides [Na2S⋅9H2O, (NH4)2S] with that under oxidized GaAs surfaces. We make the point that Fermi level pinning implies band bending, but band bending does not necessarily imply ‘‘pinning.’’ In either case, even weak light illumination substantially flattens the bands. On ammonium sulfide treated surfaces the fixed and trapped charge density in the dark is only ∼5×1011 electrons/cm2, but these few states are mostly neutralized at low-level forward injection. This behavior should not be confused with Fermi level pinning.
Binding of the by-product analog benzylsuccinic acid by carboxypeptidase A (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBinding of the by-product analog benzylsuccinic acid by carboxypeptidase ALarry D. Byers and Richard WolfendenCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 11, 2070–2078Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00735a008https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00735a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OrchSec: An orchestrator-based architecture for enhancing network-security using Network Monitoring and SDN Control functions (2014)

The original design of the Internet did not take network security aspects into consideration, instead it aimed to facilitate the process of information exchange between end-hosts. Consequently, many protocols that are part of the Internet infrastructure expose a set of vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers. To reduce these vulnerabilities, several security approaches were introduced as a form of add-ons to the existing Internet architecture. However, these approaches have their drawbacks (e.g., lack of centralized control, and automation). In this paper, to address these drawbacks, the features provided by Software Defined Networking (SDN) such as network-visibility, centralized management and control are considered for developing security applications. Although the SDN architecture provides features that can aid in the process of network security, it has some deficiencies when it comes to using SDN for security. To address these deficiencies, several architectural requirements are derived to adapt the SDN architecture for security use cases. For this purpose, OrchSec, an Orchestrator-based architecture that utilizes Network Monitoring and SDN Control functions to develop security applications is proposed. The functionality of the proposed architecture is demonstrated, tested, and validated using a security application.