gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical High Impedance Fault Detection for Distribution Feeders (1996)

Distribution protection systems must balance dependability with security considerations to be practical. This is quite difficult for high impedance faults. Only highly sensitive algorithms can achieve absolute dependability in detecting very low current faults. This high sensitivity results in a propensity for false tripping, creating a less secure system and resulting in the potential for decreased service continuity and lower reliability. Researchers at Texas A&M University have balanced fault detection with fault discrimination, resulting in a practical combination of detection algorithms in a commercially viable system. This device has many "intelligent" features, including the ability to analyze and correlate numerous fault characteristics in real time so that it can make a correct determination of the status of the feeder with a high degree of accuracy. This paper describes this system, which uses multiple algorithms to detect various types of faults and an expert decision maker to decipher incoming data to determine the status and health of a distribution feeder. Requirements for a practical, secure high impedance fault relay are also discussed. Finally, Texas A&M has licensed this technology to a commercial partner, which manufactures a device that detects high impedance faults in addition to performing numerous other monitoring and protection functions.
Conical Pinched Electron Beam Diode for Intense Ion Beam Source (1982)

For the purpose of improvement of the pinched electron beam diode, the production of an ion beam by a diode with electrodes in a conical shape was studied at low voltage operation (∼200 kV). The ion beam is emitted from a small region of the diode apex. The mean ion beam current density near the axis at 12 cm from the diode apex is two or three times that from an usual flat parallel diode with the same dimension and impedance. The brightness and the power brightness at the origin are 450 MA/cm 2 sr and 0.12 TW/cm 2 sr respectively.
Control of a six-legged robot walking on abrupt terrain (2002)

Legged robots are well suited to walk on difficult terrains at the expense of requiring complex control systems to walk even on flat surfaces. But simply walking on a flat surface is not worth using a legged robot. It should be assumed that walking on abrupt terrain is the typical situation for a legged robot. With this premise in mind, we have developed a robust controller for a six-legged robot that allows it to walk over difficult terrains in an autonomous way, with a limited use of sensory information (no vision is involved). This walk controller can be driven by an upper level which need not be concerned about the details of foot placement or leg movements, taking care only of high level aspects such as global speed and direction.
Automated Identification of Left Ventricular Borders from Spin-Echo Magnetic Resonance Images Experimental and Clinical Feasibility Studies (1991)

Gated cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) permits detailed evaluation of cardiac anatomy, including the calculation of left ventricular volume and mass. Current methods of deriving this information, however, require manual tracing of boundaries in several images; such manual methods are tedious, time consuming, and subjective. The purpose of this study is to apply a new computerized method to automatically identify endocardial and epicardial borders in MRIs. The authors obtained serial, short-axis, spin-echo MRIs of 13 excised animal hearts. Also obtained were selected short-axis, spin-echo ventricular images of 11 normal human volunteers. A method of automated edge detection based on graph-searching principles was applied to the ex vivo and in vivo images. Endocardial and epicardial areas were used to compute left ventricular mass and were compared with the anatomic left ventricular mass for the images of excised hearts. The endocardial and epicardial areas calculated from computer-derived borders were compared with areas from observer tracing. There was very close correspondence between computer-derived and observer tracings for excised hearts (r = 0.97 for endocardium, r = 0.99 for epicardium) and in vivo scans (r = 0.92 for endocardium, r = 0.90 for epicardium). There also was a close correspondence between computer-generated and actual left ventricular mass in the excised hearts (r = 0.99). These data suggest the feasibility of automated edge detection in MRIs. Although further validation is needed, this method may prove useful in clinical MRI.
Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss in Burn Surgery: A Preliminary Study (2003)

Effect of Tranexamic Acid on Blood Loss in Burn Surgery: A Preliminary Study Get access S. Jennes, MD, S. Jennes, MD 1Hopital Central de la Base - Reine Astrid, Brussel, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E. Degrave, MD, E. Degrave, MD 1Hopital Central de la Base - Reine Astrid, Brussel, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar X. Despiegeleer, X. Despiegeleer 1Hopital Central de la Base - Reine Astrid, Brussel, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar O. Grenez O. Grenez 1Hopital Central de la Base - Reine Astrid, Brussel, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Burn Care & Rehabilitation, Volume 24, Issue suppl_2, March-April 2003, Page S59, https://doi.org/10.1097/00004630-200303002-00033 Published: 01 March 2003
Design, Optimization and Fabrication of Amorphous Silicon Tunable RF MEMS Inductors and Transformers (2007)

High performance inductors are playing an increasing role in modern communication systems. Despite the superior performance offered by discrete components, parasitic capacitances from bond pads, board traces and packaging leads reduce the high frequency performance and contribute to the urgency of an integrated solution. Embedded inductors have the potential for significant increase in reliability and performance of the IC. Due to the driving force of CMOS integration and low costs of silicon-based IC fabrication, these inductors lie on a low resistivity silicon substrate, which is a major source of energy loss and limits the frequency response. Therefore, the quality factor of inductors fabricated on silicon continues to be low. The research presented in this thesis investigates amorphous Si and porous Si to improve the resistivity of Si substrates and explores amorphous Si as a structural material for low temperature MEMS fabrication. \n\nPlanar inductors are built-on undoped amorphous Si in a novel application and a 56% increase in quality factor was measured. Planar inductors are also built-on a porous Si and amorphous Si bilayer and showed 47% improvement.\n\nAmorphous Si is also proposed as a low temperature alternative to polysilicon for MEMS devices. Tunable RF MEMS inductors and transformers are fabricated based on an amorphous Si and aluminum bimorph coil that is suspended and warps in a controllable manner. The 3-D displacement is accurately predicted by thermomechanical simulations. The tuning of the devices is achieved by applying a DC voltage and due to joule heating the air gap can be adjusted. A tunable inductor with a 32% tuning range from 5.6 to 8.2 nH and a peak Q of 15 was measured. A transformer with a suspended coil demonstrated a 24% tuning range of the mutual coupling between two stacked windings.\n\nThe main limitation posed by post-CMOS integration is a strict thermal budget which cannot exceed a critical temperature where impurities can diffuse and materials properties can change. The research carried out in this work accommodates this temperature restriction by limiting the RF fabrication processes to 150°C to facilitate system integration on silicon.
WWW search engine for Slovenian and English medical documents (1999)

The information tool for the organization and searching of Slovenian and English medical documents is presented. The tool, partly still in development phases, performs automatic subject description of documents, searching with natural language queries and rankig of search hits according to their relevance. The search engine allows the searcher to use relevance feedback in order to perform incremental improvement of search results. The machine learning system TILDE for learning user profiles was also applied. Documents marked by the user as relevant or non-relevant are used to find characteristics that distinguish relevant documents from non-relevant ones.
<scp> <scp>SiOC</scp> </scp> Glass–Diamond Composites (2011)

New types of bulk SiOC glass matrix composites reinforced with diamond particles were successfully fabricated. Diamond particles were introduced into the SiOC matrix by the polymer‐derived ceramics ( PDC ) route using polysiloxane and two different sized diamond particles, 2 and 30 μm as starting precursors. Dense bulk specimens were prepared by warm pressing at 150°C–160°C followed by pyrolization at 1100°C for 2 h. The composites were characterized by means of SEM , TEM , optical observation, X ‐ray diffraction, and V ickers indentation. Elastic properties were determined by means of ultrasonic echography, and Y oung's modulus was found to increase from 96 to 154 GPa when diamond content increased from 0 to 25 vol%. Reinforcement results in significant improvement, nearly 100%, in hardness compared to pristine SiOC glass sample. The size of the diamond particles has an influence on density and microstructure of the composites. The TEM investigations reveal that SiOC glass matrix and 2 μm diamond particles have excellent bonding. The present study demonstrates the possibility of fabricating bulk SiOC glass–diamond composites via the polymer‐processing route, resulting in composites with promising mechanical properties.
Translational Studies in Neurorehabilitation: From Bench to Bedside (2006)

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability in the western world. Consensus has built over the last few years regarding the usefulness of training to improve motor disability resulting from stroke. Until recently, there were no accepted strategies to enhance the beneficial effects of training. However, the combination of basic and clinical science data over the last few years is changing this picture, and is highly relevant to the field of neurorehabilitation. Human studies in both healthy individuals and patients after brain damage demonstrate as a proof of principle that somatosensory input, cortical stimulation, interhemispheric interactions, and pharmacologic interventions can modulate cortical plasticity in neurorehabilitation after stroke. These findings strongly suggest directions in the development of novel strategies to enhance training effects on motor recovery. The intent of this review is to describe these strategies, the basic science principles on which they are based, and the clinical applications that have emerged so far.
Preadhesion Laser Surface Treatment of Carbon Fiber Reinforced PEEK Composite (1995)

Abstract An excimer UV laser (193 nm) was used for preadhesion surface treatment of PEEK (polyetheretherketone) composite. This method presented an alternative to other limited and polluting conventional surface treatment methods. Experimental results indicated that laser preadhesion treatment significantly improved the shear and tensile adhesion strength of structural epoxy FM 300 2K bonded PEEK composite adherends compared with untreated and SiC blasted substrates. Best results were obtained with laser energies of 0.18 or 1 J/P cm.2 Shear strength of laser-treated joints was improved by 450% compared with that of untreated PEEK composite and by 200% compared with SiC-blasted pretreatment at ambient and at extreme temperatures. An order of magnitude of improvement was found in the tensile strength-of laser-treated PEEK composite in a sandwich structure compared with non-treated or abraded sandwich joints. The mode of failure changed from adhesive to cohesive as the number of pulses or laser energy increased during treatment. The latter phenomenon was correlated with surface cleaning as revealed by XPS, with morphology changes as revealed by scanning electron microscopy, and by chemical modification as indicated by FTIR and XPS. The bulk of the PEEK composite adherend was not damaged by the laser irradiation during treatment as indicated by the identical flexural strength before and after laser treatment. It can be concluded that the excimer laser has a potential as a precise, clean and simple preadhesion surface treatment for PEEK composite.
Synthesis and reactions of 3-(1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)methylene-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. (1984)

Various 3-(1, 2, 4-triazol-5-yl) methylene-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxalines (4-7, 10, 11) and related compounds (8, 9) were synthesized using 3-hydrazinocarbonylmethylene-2-oxo-1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydroquinoxaline (2) as a starting material.
The Configurations of the 3-Bromocyclohexanecarboxylic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Configurations of the 3-Bromocyclohexanecarboxylic Acids1Samuel Siegel and Jerome G. MorseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 15, 3857–3859Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01111a524https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01111a524research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Soft resonator of omnidirectional resonance for acoustic metamaterials with a negative bulk modulus (2015)

Monopolar resonance is of fundamental importance in the acoustic field. Here, we present the realization of a monopolar resonance that goes beyond the concept of Helmholtz resonators. The balloon-like soft resonator (SR) oscillates omnidirectionally and radiates from all parts of its spherical surface, eliminating the need for a hard wall for the cavity and baffle effects. For airborne sound, such a low-modulus resonator can be made extremely lightweight. Deep subwavelength resonance is achieved when the SR is tuned by adjusting the shell thickness, benefiting from the large density contrast between the shell material and the encapsulated gas. The SR resonates with near-perfect monopole symmetry, as demonstrated by the theoretical and experimental results, which are in excellent agreement. For a lattice of SRs, a band gap occurs and blocks near-total transmission, and the effective bulk modulus exhibits a prominent negative band, while the effective mass density remains unchanged. Our study shows that the SR is suitable for building 3D acoustic metamaterials and provides a basis for constructing left-handed materials as a new means of creating a negative bulk modulus.
Taming the Curse of Dimensionality: Discrete Integration by Hashing and Optimization (2013)

Integration is affected by the curse of dimensionality and quickly becomes intractable as the dimensionality of the problem grows. We propose a randomized algorithm that, with high probability, gives a constant-factor approximation of a general discrete integral defined over an exponentially large set. This algorithm relies on solving only a small number of instances of a discrete combinatorial optimization problem subject to randomly generated parity constraints used as a hash function. As an application, we demonstrate that with a small number of MAP queries we can efficiently approximate the partition function of discrete graphical models, which can in turn be used, for instance, for marginal computation or model selection.
Space-time block codes for virtual antenna arrays (2003)

A novel telecommunication system, termed virtual antenna arrays, was previously presented that allows the application of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity enhancement techniques to mobile terminals with a limited number of antenna elements. This paper introduces a novel approach extending the possible applicability of the space-time block codes (STBC) to such virtual antenna arrays. The main idea is to emulate the (2 transmit antennas, 2 receive antennas) diversity scheme developed by Alamouti (1998). This approach successfully deals with the problem of just one receiving antenna in a handset. Simulations results indicate an improvement in error performance over the simple (2,1) Alamouti scheme.
Separation of diffusion and slow flow effects by use of flow rephasing and dephasing (1992)

Spin-echo signal intensity alterations due to diffusion and slow flow are investigated in connection with modified Stejskal-Tanner pulse sequences for 2D Fourier MR imaging, one for flow rephasing and the other for flow dephasing gradient waveforms. The theoretical considerations and experimental results concerning the diffusion coefficient measurements of slowly flowing material by these sequences are summarized as follows: (a) By using the flow dephasing sequence with different diffusion and flow-sensitive gradients, slow flow effects can be distinguished from diffusion effects based on the quantitative difference between the diffusion- and flow-sensitive gradient amplitude dependences of these processes. (b) By using the combination of the flow rephasing and dephasing sequences with the same diffusion sensitivity, slow flow effects can be distinguished from diffusion effects directly based on their qualitative difference. By use of the latter approach, several in vivo images are also presented, which mainly represent macroscopic motions of spins, including slow flow such as tissue perfusion.
Unusual propagation characteristics in CRLH structures (2004)

A purely LH material (V.G. Veselago, Soviet Physics Uspekhi. vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 509-514. 1968) cannot exist physically because it would violate Einstein's relativity: in such a hypothetical material, the group velocity would be unbounded and would become larger than the speed of light at high frequencies. In fact, natural right-handed (RH) series-L/shunt-C parasitics are always present and become dominant at high frequencies, limiting group velocity to that associated with the RH contributions only. Therefore a practical LH material is in effect a composite right/left-handed material (CRLH), already described in previous publications (C. Caloz and I. Itoh, IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.; A. Sanada et al, IEEE Microwave Wireless Comp. Lett.), and applied to several novel components and antennas. However, unique CRLH effects never occurring in conventional periodic structures, such as non-zero group velocity associated with infinite wavelength and guided wavelength increasing with frequency in the LH frequency range have never been analyzed in detail thus far. This is the object of the present contribution, where these effects are demonstrated for the different cases of homogeneous, ideal-lumped and real physical CRLH TLs. For simplicity, the discussion is restricted to lossless TLs without loss of generality.
Advances in polyolefins : the world's most widely used polymers (1987)

History of Polyolefins.- Internal Polyolefins and a Few Highly Substituted Polyvinyls.- Estimating Poly(1-Alkene) Properties From Oligomer and Repeat Unit Dimensions.- Relations Between Molecular Structure - Morphological Structure and Properties of Polyethylenes.- Elastomers.- Living Polymerization of Isobutylene.- Thermoplastic Elastomers Based on Block Copolymers of Ethylene and Propylene.- New EP Elastomers.- Hydrogenated Star Block Copolymers of Butylstyrene - Isoprene and Divinylbenzene.- Stereospecific Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization.- Polyalpha-Olefin Catalysts.- Characterization of Chromium-Silica Catalysts.- Highly Active Chromium Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization.- Polyolefin Catalysts Based on Titanium and Vanadium Chlorides.- Stereochemical Control in Ziegler-Natta Catalysts.- Particle Control of Supported Ziegler-Natta Catalysts.- Catalysts of Organic Polymer-Bound Pd and Rh Complexes.- Magnesium Chloride Supported Catalysts.- The Mechanism and Stability of Supported Ziegler Catalysts.- Alcohol-Modified Magnesium-Titanium Catalysts.- Polymerization of Olefins with Magnesium Chloride-Supported Catalysts.- Polymerization of Olefins with Magnesium Chloride-Supported Catalysts.- Polymerization of Propylene with Magnesium Chloride-Supported Catalysts.- Polymerization of 4-Methylpentene-1 with Magnesium-Chloride-Supported Catalysts.- Polymerization of Styrene versus Propylene with MgCl2-Supported Catalysts.- Linear Low Density Polyolefins.- New Catalysis and Process for Ethylene Polymerization.- New Catalysis for Polypropylene Polymerization.- Polymerization of Olefins with a Homogeneous Zirconium/Alumoxane Catalyst.- Crystallinity and Morphology of Ethylene/ ?-Olefin Copolymers.- Photoantioxidants in Polyolefins.- Characterization of Polyolefins.- 13C NMR Spectra of Polyolefins.- Ambient-Temperature and IR Laser-Induced Chemiluminescence from ?-Irradiated Polypropylene.- Characterization of Polyethylene in Film and Fiber.- Characterization of Highly Drawn Polypropylene Films.- A Study of Polyolefin Films and Yarns Under Corona Discharge.- Prediction of Failure of Polypropylene Films.- Ultra-High Modulus Polyolefins From Single Crystals.- Polypropylene Film.- Monitored Photooxidation of Polypropylene Nonwovens.- Role of Finishes in Polyolefin Fibers.- The Coloration of Polypropylene Fibers.- Dyeable Fibers From Blends of Polypropylene.- Polyolefins - What Next?.- Author Index.
The search for a cure for persistent HIV reservoirs. (2011)

The persistence of prolonged HIV reservoirs in patients on effective antiretroviral therapy is the main hurdle to HIV eradication. However, major advances have been made over the last few years, both in basic and clinical science of HIV reservoirs. Consequently, the scientific community no longer banishes the term "cure". Despite such renewed hope, there is little investment by both public and private groups in the field. It is therefore imperative to make this a priority and allocate sufficient resources, especially financial support, to aid in finding the cure since there is no effective preventive vaccine. This article discusses the main scientific aspects and strategies to address and build an international task force tackling issues associated with HIV reservoirs.