gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An analytical model for the internal electric field in submicrometer MOSFETs (1990)

A pseudo-two-dimensional analytical MOSFET model is presented. The channel is divided into source, drain, and junction regions. The source region includes an expression for the carrier-velocity saturation based on the Scharfetter-Gummel formula. The drain region includes an expression for the spread of the lateral field into the bulk. The bulk field in the drain region is described by the radial field from a semicircular drain junction. The junction region describes the voltage drop across a diffused doping profile given an exponential approximation at the junction. The saturation condition is evaluated for both the validity of the gradual channel approximation (GCA) in the source region and carrier-velocity saturation in the drain region. The model elucidates the dependence of the surface field on substrate bias, drain junction depth, and diffusion profile. The model is compared to MINIMOS calculations and found to correlate within 10% for all bias and device combinations of interest for modeling EPROM devices. The computation time of the model is two to three orders of magnitude shorter than full two-dimensional MINIMOS simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
L-band epitaxial Gunn oscillators (1967)

Gunn oscillators have been made from epitaxially grown GaAs n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -n-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> "sandwich" structures. Peak powers up to 56 watts have been obtained in L-band with an efficiency of 15 percent. The positive temperature coefficient of resistance of the epitaxial material provides a built-in protection against thermal runaway.
3-D Measurement System Using a CCD Line Sensor and a Laser Scanner. (1992)

Measurement technique has been developed using a 1-D CCD and a galvanometer mirror for scanning a laser spot to obtain an image of a 3-D object. The parts of the object to be scanned are determined by referring to data of previous scanning of the object. The number of points per line is also determined from data of previous scanning and then these points are distributed with different densities depending on the predicted shape of the object. To avoid the problems of conventional methods, we proposed a new method which combines two procedures : the redistribution of laser spot points and the addition or removal of the points. This method can be used to attain fast adapting for objects with complex shapes.
The 2nd International standard for Interleukin-2 (IL-2) Report of a collaborative study (2013)

Two candidate preparations of human sequence recombinant Interleukin-2 (IL-2) were formulated and lyophilized at NIBSC prior to evaluation in a collaborative study for their suitability to serve as a replacement international standard. The preparations were tested by eight laboratories using in vitro bioassays and immunoassays. The candidate preparation 86/500 was judged suitable to serve as a replacement international standard based on the data obtained for activity and stability. On the basis of the results reported here, the preparation coded 86/500 was established by the WHO Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation (ECBS) in 2012 as the WHO 2nd IS for human IL-2 with an assigned value for IL-2 activity of 210IU/ampoule. Calibration of the 2nd IS is primarily based on the bioassay in use in various laboratories and relies exclusively on the estimates calculated relative to the WHO 1st IS for continuity of the IU.
Probiotics as Antiviral Agents in Shrimp Aquaculture (2013)

Shrimp farming is an aquaculture business for the cultivation of marine shrimps or prawns for human consumption and is now considered as a major economic and food production sector as it is an increasingly important source of protein available for human consumption. Intensification of shrimp farming had led to the development of a number of diseases, which resulted in the excessive use of antimicrobial agents, which is finally responsible for many adverse effects. Currently, probiotics are chosen as the best alternatives to these antimicrobial agents and they act as natural immune enhancers, which provoke the disease resistance in shrimp farm. Viral diseases stand as the major constraint causing an enormous loss in the production in shrimp farms. Probiotics besides being beneficial bacteria also possess antiviral activity. Exploitation of these probiotics in treatment and prevention of viral diseases in shrimp aquaculture is a novel and efficient method. This review discusses the benefits of probiotics and their criteria for selection in shrimp aquaculture and their role in immune power enhancement towards viral diseases.
A Novel Class of Cycloalkano[<i>b</i>]pyridines as Potent and Orally Active Opioid Receptor-like 1 Antagonists with Minimal Binding Affinity to the hERG K<sup>+</sup>Channel (2008)

A series of compounds based on 7-{[4-(2-methylphenyl)piperidin-1-yl]methyl}-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5 H-cyclohepta[ b]pyridine-9-ol ( (-)-8b), a potent and selective opioid receptor-like 1 (ORL1) antagonist, was prepared and evaluated using structure-activity relationship studies with the aim of removing its affinity to human ether-a-go-go related gene (hERG) K (+) channel. From these studies, 10l was identified as an optimized structure with respect to ORL1 antagonist activity, and affinity to the hERG K (+)channel. Furthermore, 10l showed good in vivo antagonism with a wide therapeutic index in regards to adverse cardiovascular effects.
Efficient band-pass color filters enabled by resonant modes and plasmons near the Rayleigh anomaly (2014)

We design and fabricate efficient, narrow-band, transmission color filters whose operating principle resides in a narrow-band guided-mode resonance associated with a surface-plasmon resonance. The fundamental device consists of an aluminum grating over a 200-nm-thick aluminum oxide film on a glass substrate. Numerical simulations show a sharp resonance-derived spectral profile that is additionally shaped by a neighboring Rayleigh anomaly. Besides the Rayleigh effect, we show numerically that the narrow bandwidth is predominantly due to the low refractive-index contrast between the waveguide film and the substrate. Red, green, and blue filters are fabricated using ultraviolet holographic lithography followed by a lift-off process. The experimental spectral efficiency in transmission exceeds 80% with full-width-at-half-maximum linewidths near 20 nm. We provide color images of the zero-order transmitted spectra, and illustrate the pure colors associated with the modal resonance extracted as side-coupled output light.
POLYTHIOLSTYRENE-A NEW OXIDATION-REDUCTION ION EXCHANGE RESIN (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPOLYTHIOLSTYRENE-A NEW OXIDATION-REDUCTION ION EXCHANGE RESINHarry P. Gregor, D. Dolar, and Guenther K. HoescheleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 13, 3675Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01618a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01618a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A structurally unrelated mimic of a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signal (2006)

The pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses acyl-homoserine lactone quorum-sensing signals to coordinate the expression of a battery of virulence genes in a cascade of regulatory events. The quorum-sensing signal that triggers the cascade is N-3-oxo-dodecanoyl homoserine lactone (3OC12-HSL), which interacts with two signal receptor-transcription factors, LasR and QscR. This signal is base labile, and it is degraded by mammalian PON lactonases. We have identified a structurally unrelated triphenyl mimic of 3OC12-HSL that is base-insensitive and PON-resistant. The triphenyl mimic seems to interact specifically with LasR but not with QscR. In silico analysis suggests that the mimic fits into the 3OC12-HSL-binding site of LasR and makes key contacts with LasR. The triphenyl mimic is an excellent scaffold for developing quorum-sensing inhibitors, and its stability and potency make it ideal for biotechnology uses such as heterologous gene expression.
Genome Editing in C. elegans and Other Nematode Species (2016)

Caenorhabditis elegans, a 1 mm long free-living nematode, is a popular model animal that has been widely utilized for genetic investigations of various biological processes. Characteristic features that make C. elegans a powerful model of choice for eukaryotic genetic studies include its rapid life cycle (development from egg to adult in 3.5 days at 20 °C), well-annotated genome, simple morphology (comprising only 959 somatic cells in the hermaphrodite), and transparency (which facilitates non-invasive fluorescence observations). However, early approaches to introducing mutations in the C. elegans genome, such as chemical mutagenesis and imprecise excision of transposons, have required large-scale mutagenesis screens. To avoid this laborious and time-consuming procedure, genome editing technologies have been increasingly used in nematodes including C. briggsae and Pristionchus pacificus, thereby facilitating their genetic analyses. Here, I review the recent progress in genome editing technologies using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like nucleases (TALENs), and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 in nematodes and offer perspectives on their use in the future.
Some compositional properties of camelina (<i>camelina sativa</i> L. Crantz) seeds and oils (1995)

Abstract Fatty acid profiles (FAP), tocopherol (T), and tocotrienol (T3) contents, total lipid contents, and trypsin inhibitor activity were quantitated from thirteen accessions of camelina ( Camelina sativa L. Crantz), a little‐known oilseed. Camelina seeds of ten accessions were also assayed for ß‐glucans. FAP (%) of camelina oils were: oleic (14.1 to 19.5), linoleic (18.8 to 24.0), linolenic (27.0 to 34.7), eicosenoic (12.0 to 14.9), erucic (0.0 to 4.0), all others (11.8 to 17.4). Camelina oil T and T3 contents (mg/100 g) were: αT (0.66 to 2.38), ßT (0.38 to 1.45), γT/ßt3 (4.37 to 18.68), δT (0.00 to 0.48), γT3 (0.00 to 0.79), γT3 (0.00), γT3 (0.00). Total tocols were higher in camelina than in canola, crambe, flax, soybean, and sunflower, with γT/ßT3 constituting 82% of total tocols. The oil content of camelina seeds ranged from 29.9 to 38.3%. Camelina seeds did not contain ß‐glucans. Trypsin units inhibited ranged from 12 to 28 compared to 111 for raw soybean.
Optimal configurations for taps of windings and power electronic switches in electronic tap-changers (2002)

One of the major criteria in the design of an electronic tap-changer of a power transformer is cost. The cost generally depends on the number, voltage and current rating of each power electronic switch. In addition, the structure of the transformer and insulating requirements will be simpler and its relevant cost will be lower if the number of taps are reduced. On the other hand, more voltage steps over the particular range of voltage regulation leads to the possibility of more precise voltage regulation, which is very desirable. A classification method for the taps and electronic switches is presented and all possible configurations are determined. Then a comparison between different configurations is made and an optimal configuration is obtained based on the cost. An example is given and a procedure discussed for selecting an optimal configuration in a particular application with special design purposes.
Site-specific covalent binding of stilbene-type and steroidal estrogens to tubulin following metabolic activation <i>in vitro</i> (1987)

Both the steroidal estrogen, 2-hydroxy estradiol, and the stilbene-type estrogen, diethylstilbestrol, bind covalently and selectively to the C-terminal domain of beta-tubulin after peroxidative activation in vitro. The binding probably has to be attributed to quinonoid metabolites, as estrogens such as estradiol and hexestrol, which are unable to form quinones under these conditions, fail to bind. Albumin is not simultaneously modified, demonstrating the selectivity of the binding. The observed protein binding is discussed with respect to estrogen-induced aneuploidy and neoplastic cell transformation.
FtsH is required for proteolytic elimination of uncomplexed forms of SecY, an essential protein translocase subunit. (1995)

When secY is overexpressed over secE or secE is underexpressed, a fraction of SecY protein is rapidly degraded in vivo. This proteolysis was unaffected in previously described protease-defective mutants examined. We found, however, that some mutations in ftsH, encoding a membrane protein that belongs to the AAA (ATPase associated with a variety of cellular activities) family, stabilized oversynthesized SecY. This stabilization was due to a loss of FtsH function, and overproduction of the wild-type FtsH protein accelerated the degradation. The ftsH mutations also suppressed, by alleviating proteolysis of an altered form of SecY, the temperature sensitivity of the secY24 mutation, which alters SecY such that its interaction with SecE is weakened and it is destabilized at 42 degrees C. We were able to isolate a number of additional mutants with decreased ftsH expression or with an altered form of FtsH using selection/screening based on suppression of secY24 and stabilization of oversynthesized SecY. These results indicate that FtsH is required for degradation of SecY. Overproduction of SecY in the ftsH mutant cells proved to deleteriously affect cell growth and protein export, suggesting that elimination of uncomplexed SecY is important for optimum protein translocation and for the integrity of the membrane. The primary role of FtsH is discussed in light of the quite pleiotropic mutational effects, which now include stabilization of uncomplexed SecY.
Using BM25F for semantic search (2010)

Information Retrieval (IR) approaches for semantic web search engines have become very populars in the last years. Popularization of different IR libraries, like Lucene, that allows IR implementations almost out-of-the-box have make easier IR integration in Semantic Web search engines. However, one of the most important features of Semantic Web documents is the structure, since this structure allow us to represent semantic in a machine readable format. In this paper we analyze the specific problems of structured IR and how to adapt weighting schemas for semantic document retrieval.
Mapping of the Coronavirus Membrane Protein Domains Involved in Interaction with the Spike Protein (1999)

The coronavirus membrane (M) protein is the key player in virion assembly. One of its functions is to mediate the incorporation of the spikes into the viral envelope. Heterotypic interactions between M and the spike (S) protein can be demonstrated by coimmunoprecipitation and by immunofluorescence colocalization, after coexpression of their genes in eukaryotic cells. Using these assays in a mutagenetic approach, we have mapped the domains in the M protein that are involved in complex formation between M and S. It appeared that the 25-residue luminally exposed amino-terminal domain of the M protein is not important for M-S interaction. A 15-residue deletion, the insertion of a His tag, and replacement of the ectodomain by that of another coronavirus M protein did not affect the ability of the M protein to associate with the S protein. However, complex formation was sensitive to changes in the transmembrane domains of this triple-spanning protein. Deletion of either the first two or the last two transmembrane domains, known not to affect the topology of the protein, led to a considerable decrease in complex formation, but association was not completely abrogated. Various effects of changes in the part of the M protein that is located at the cytoplasmic face of the membrane were observed. Deletions of the extreme carboxy-terminal tail appeared not to interfere with M-S complex formation. However, deletions in the amphipathic domain severely affected M-S interaction. Interestingly, changes in the amino-terminal and extreme carboxy-terminal domains of M, which did not disrupt the interaction with S, are known to be fatal to the ability of the protein to engage in virus particle formation (C. A. M. de Haan, L. Kuo, P. S. Masters, H. Vennema, and P. J. M. Rottier, J. Virol. 72:6838-6850, 1998). Apparently, the structural requirements of the M protein for virus particle assembly differ from the requirements for the formation of M-S complexes.
El inconsciente relacional: un elemento nuclear de la intersubjetividad, la terceridad (thirdness) y el proceso analítico (2004)

El inconsciente relacional es la propiedad estructurante fundamental de toda relación interpersonal; permite, a la vez que limita, modos de compromiso específicos de esa díada e influye en la experiencia subjetiva individual dentro de la misma. Se delinean tres usos del concepto de terceridad y se comparan con el concepto de inconsciente relacional el cual, se sugiere, presenta la ventaja de ser tanto consistente con las perspectivas existentes de los procesos inconscientes como más directamente aplicable a los intereses terapéuticos. Las puestas en acto y las resistencias intersubjetivas se contemplan como manifestaciones clínicas del inconsciente relacional y la acción terapéutica del psicoanálisis resulta, en parte, de alterar la estructura del inconsciente relacional que une a analizando y analista.
Isolation of an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity liberated from chemotaxin-stimulated equine white blood cell populations. (1993)

Objectives of this investigation were to extract and isolate protein fractions inhibitory to the cytotoxic properties of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). In this context, mixed populations of WBC were harvested from equine blood and were stimulated with a combination of a synthetic chemotactic peptide and a calcium ionophore. Several methods were subsequently applied for the initial preparation of cell-free crude protein extracts, including fractional precipitation with gradient concentrations of ammonium sulfate and preparative-scale isoelectric focusing. In addition, protein fractions were harvested from extracts of concentrated equine urine. Protein extracts of urinary origin were further separated by gel-filtration column chromatography. Identification of protein fractions possessing properties inhibitory to the cytotoxic characteristics of TNF-alpha was facilitated by a tissue culture-based technique for the biological assay of TNF-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity. Purified protein extracts possessed a marked ability to inhibit or neutralize the cytotoxic properties of TNF-alpha, on the basis of survival of murine fibrosarcoma cell populations, compared with appropriate negative and positive reference controls. Relative purity of inhibitors and estimation of approximate molecular weight were established by conventional reducing and nonreducing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. Equine inhibitory protein fractions from mixed WBC populations, purified in the manner described, had molecular weights of 70,000 to 80,000 and 28,000. An analogous protein fraction of 28 kDa also was isolated from equine concentrated urine. Estimated isoelectric point of TNF-alpha inhibitor protein fractions was between pH of 5.5 and 6.1. These physical characteristics of equine TNF-alpha inhibitor protein fractions were similar to those described for a membrane-associated TNF-alpha receptor protein shed from chemotaxin- and calcium-ionophor-stimulated human WBC populations.
Emerging Excitatory Role of Cardiovascular Sympathetic Afferents in Pathophysiological Conditions (2002)

There is sound experimental evidence that cardiovascular sympathetic afferent fibers mediate cardiovascular reflexes largely excitatory in nature with positive-feedback characteristics. This afferent neural channel is likely to normally participate in the neural regulation of cardiovascular function. The hypothesis, which is the core of this article, is that in some pathophysiological conditions, sympathetic overactivity may be partly due to an emerging excitatory reflex action of cardiovascular sympathetic afferents. In fact, the early phase of congestive heart failure can be characterized by an increase in arterial pressure and heart rate and/or by a diastolic dysfunction, leaving unchanged the cardiac output; in these conditions, in which no baroreceptor deactivation should occur, it is possible that cardiovascular sympathetic afferents with sensory endings in the thoracic low-pressure areas, highly responsive to volume loading, are responsible for mediating the reflex sympathetic excitation. Similarly, during acute myocardial infarction, ventricular sympathetic afferents are likely to mediate a reflex sympathetic overactivity, which is known to facilitate sudden death. Finally, numerous reports have described in essential arterial hypertension an increased sympathetic activity that may be due, at least in part, to the reinforcing action of sympathosympathetic reflexes. Thus, in pathophysiological conditions, cardiovascular sympathetic afferents would mediate a reflex sympathetic overactivity independently of baroreceptive mechanisms, and such an absence of a homeostatic purpose would provide a better rationale for some beneficial effects of therapeutic correction.