gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternate positions of metalation of 1,2-dimethylimidazole with butyllithium (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlternate positions of metalation of 1,2-dimethylimidazole with butyllithiumDonald S. Noyce, Gerald T. Stowe, and Wilson WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 15, 2301–2302Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00929a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00929a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calcium-Independent Negative Inotropy by β-Myosin Heavy Chain Gene Transfer in Cardiac Myocytes (2007)

Increased relative expression of the slow molecular motor of the heart (beta-myosin heavy chain [MyHC]) is well known to occur in many rodent models of cardiovascular disease and in human heart failure. The direct effect of increased relative beta-MyHC expression on intact cardiac myocyte contractility, however, is unclear. To determine the direct effects of increased relative beta-MyHC expression on cardiac contractility, we used acute genetic engineering with a recombinant adenoviral vector (AdMYH7) to genetically titrate beta-MyHC protein expression in isolated rodent ventricular cardiac myocytes that predominantly expressed alpha-MyHC (fast molecular motor). AdMYH7-directed beta-MyHC protein expression and sarcomeric incorporation was observed as soon as 1 day after gene transfer. Effects of beta-MyHC expression on myocyte contractility were determined in electrically paced single myocytes (0.2 Hz, 37 degrees C) by measuring sarcomere shortening and intracellular calcium cycling. Gene transfer-based replacement of alpha-MyHC with beta-MyHC attenuated contractility in a dose-dependent manner, whereas calcium transients were unaffected. For example, when beta-MyHC expression accounted for approximately 18% of the total sarcomeric myosin, the amplitude of sarcomere-length shortening (nanometers, nm) was depressed by 42% (151.0+/-10.7 [control] versus 87.0+/-5.4 nm [AdMYH7 transduced]); and genetic titration of beta-MyHC, leading to 38% beta-MyHC content, attenuated shortening by 57% (138.9+/-13.0 versus 59.7+/-7.1 nm). Maximal isometric cross-bridge cycling rate was also slower in AdMYH7-transduced myocytes. Results indicate that small increases of beta-MyHC expression (18%) have Ca2+ transient-independent physiologically relevant effects to decrease intact cardiac myocyte function. We conclude that beta-MyHC is a negative inotrope among the cardiac myofilament proteins.
FIBER-METAL COMPOSITE MATERIALS (1966)

Investigations of metal matrix materials reinforced with polycrystalline ceramic and metal fibers are reviewed.The results of parametric studies with model systems and of developmental studies with practical engineering materials are described, and an indication of the future potential of fiber-reinforced composites is presented.Model system studies have demonstrated the feasibility of strengthening metal matrices with continuous and discontinuous fibers.Fiber composite materials have been fabricated that follow a law-of -mixtures behavior at room and elevated temperatures for tensile and stressrupture applications.The importance of fiber length-to-diameter ratios and orientation and of fiber-matrix bonding and interaction also have been indicated.Results achieved in preliminary attempts to produce engineering materials have been encouraging.The potential of fiber -reinforced metal composite materials is suggested by the excellent strength of materials currently available in fiber form.Increased fiber strength can be achieved, which adds further to the advantage of composite materials.
Identification of arylamine N-acetyltransferase inhibitors as an approach towards novel anti-tuberculars (2010)

New anti-tubercular drugs and drug targets are urgently needed to reduce the time for treatment and also to identify agents that will be effective against Mycobacterium tuberculosis persisting intracellularly. Mycobacteria have a unique cell wall. Deletion of the gene for arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) decreases mycobacterial cell wall lipids, particularly the distinctive mycolates, and also increases antibiotic susceptibility and killing within macrophage of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The nat gene and its associated gene cluster are almost identical in sequence in M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. The gene cluster is essential for intracellular survival of mycobacteria. We have therefore used pure NAT protein for high-throughput screening to identify several classes of small molecules that inhibit NAT activity. Here, we characterize one class of such molecules-triazoles-in relation to its effects on the target enzyme and on both M. bovis BCG and M. tuberculosis. The most potent triazole mimics the effects of deletion of the nat gene on growth, lipid disruption and intracellular survival. We also present the structure-activity relationship between NAT inhibition and effects on mycobacterial growth, and use ligand-protein analysis to give further insight into the structure-activity relationships. We conclude that screening a chemical library with NAT protein yields compounds that have high potential as anti-tubercular agents and that the inhibitors will allow further exploration of the biochemical pathway in which NAT is involved.
Device Photolithography: Electron-Sensitive Materials (1970)

Certain additives increase the electron sensitivity of Kodak's negative photoresists by a factor of five to seven; others increase the sensitivity of AZ-1350 by a factor of two to three. With additives the contrast of the negative resists is increased, leading to sharper edges and higher resolution. Some of these additives also increase the light sensitivity of both positive and negative resists. A recording system based on a silver halide emulsion and containing a conductive underlay is also described.
Loss of the pigmentation phenotype in <i>Yersinia pestis</i> is due to the spontaneous deletion of 102 kb of chromosomal DNA which is flanked by a repetitive element (1992)

The pigmentation (Pgm+) phenotype of Yersinia pestis encompasses a variety of different physiological traits, all of which are missing in Pgm- mutants. We have previously shown that loss of the Pgm+ phenotype is accompanied by the spontaneous deletion of at least 45 kb of chromosomal DNA, referred to as the pgm locus. Using chromosomal walking, we have now mapped the full extent of the pgm locus in Y. pestis strain KIM6+. Our results indicate that the locus spans 102 kb of DNA which is absent in the spontaneous Pgm- mutant, KIM6. Yersinia pseudotuberculosis PB1/0 contains sequences homologous to the entire pgm locus while only part of this region hybridized to Yersinia enterocolitica WA-LOX DNA. Restriction enzyme mapping and hybridization studies revealed the presence of a repetitive element at both ends of the pgm locus and in multiple copies elsewhere in the Y. pestis genome. This element may be responsible for generating the deletion.
Solubilisation and characterisation of wheat gluten proteins: Correlations between the amount of aggregated proteins and baking quality (1983)

Abstract A comparison was made of the effectiveness of various solvents in extracting protein from wheat gluten. The best proved to be 0.055m cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide‐6m urea‐0.01m acetic acid. When extracts were separated on columns of controlledpore glass, with a nominal exclusion limit of 1.2 × 10 6 daltons for molecules in the extended form, two peaks were obtained termed F1 and F2. F1 was excluded from the column and contained material which was stable in the absence of reducing agent but was markedly reduced in size in the presence of 2‐mercaptoethanol. SDS‐PAGE showed that F1 was enriched in high molecular weight polypeptides (about 100 000 daltons) and also contained polypeptides with molecular weights in the range 30 000–45 000. F2 consisted almost entirely of polypeptides with molecular weights of less than 50 000. The ratio of F1 :F2 in different varieties varied from 0.1 to 0.58 and this variation was correlated with the NIAB potential breadmaking quality score. However, there did not appear to be any difference between the total amounts of high molecular weight polypeptides in a poor and a good breadmaking variety.
Immunologically Mediated Nutritional Disturbances Associated with Soya-Protein Antigens (1979)

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Reconstructing Face Image from the Thermal Infrared Spectrum to the Visible Spectrum (2016)

During the night or in poorly lit areas, thermal cameras are a better choice instead of normal cameras for security surveillance because they do not rely on illumination. A thermal camera is able to detect a person within its view, but identification from only thermal information is not an easy task. The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the face image of a person from the thermal spectrum to the visible spectrum. After the reconstruction, further image processing can be employed, including identification/recognition. Concretely, we propose a two-step thermal-to-visible-spectrum reconstruction method based on Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA). The reconstruction is done by utilizing the relationship between images in both thermal infrared and visible spectra obtained by CCA. The whole image is processed in the first step while the second step processes patches in an image. Results show that the proposed method gives satisfying results with the two-step approach and outperforms comparative methods in both quality and recognition evaluations.
Characteristics of an Antiluteinizing Hormone Isoantibody Produced during Gonadotropin Induction of Ovulation* (1978)

Production of an antihuman LH antibody was suspected in a woman with isolated LH deficiency who received human pituitary gonadotropin (hPG) to induce ovulation and who developed secondary drug failure associated with very high "serum LH' values. Binding of [125I]LH to various dilutions of the patient's serum was demonstrated by precipitation with polyethylene glycol or sheep antihuman immunoglobulin G (anti-IgG) but not by precipitation with sheep antihuman immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM). Unlabeled LH competitively displaced [125I]LH from a 1:200 final dilution of the patient's serum, and indicated a single class of binding sites with a binding affinity of 1.5 X 1011 M-1 and a binding capacity of 84 ng LH/ml serum. The isoantibody was reactive against antigenic determinants in hPG, LH, and hCG but not against human FSH. Further examination showed binding to the beta, but not the alpha, subunit of two LH preparations and to beta hCG. It is concluded that repeated administration of hPG to this patient with isolated LH deficiency evoked IgG isoantibody formation against the beta subunit of LH.
A Comparative 2DEG Study of InxAl1-xN/ (In, Al, Ga) N/GaN-based HEMTs (2012)

In this paper a novel InxAl1-xN/GaN heterostructure device is proposed by introducing a thin binary layer of strained (In, Al, Ga)-N channel at the heterointerface. The spontaneous polarization fields of III-N ternary alloys are derived as per Vegard's rule. The band engineering leading to the formation of two dimensional electron gas (2DEG) has been discussed by simulating the different heterostructures by solving 1D Schrodinger and Poisson's equation self-consistently and the energy bands are calculated. Comparative studies of electronic transport properties of charge carriers in the 2DEG are also investigated for the different proposed structures. Charge concentrations throughout the structure were analyzed which show the confinement of charge carriers in the Quantum Well/2DEG at the heterointerface are maximum. The electric field variation with structure depth from surface to bottom and as a function of 2DEG density has also been investigated. High 2DEG density ensures high electric field is realized from the 2DEG study of different proposed heterostructures.
Semianalytical Solution for CO<sub>2</sub> Leakage through an Abandoned Well (2004)

Capture and subsequent injection of carbon dioxide into deep geological formations is being considered as a means to reduce anthropogenic emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. If such a strategy is to be successful, the injected CO2 must remain within the injection formation for long periods of time, at least several hundred years. Because mature continental sedimentary basins have a century-long history of oil and gas exploration and production, they are characterized by large numbers of existing oil and gas wells. For example, more than 1 million such wells have been drilled in the state of Texas in the United States. These existing wells represent potential leakage pathways for injected CO2. To analyze leakage potential, modeling tools are needed that predict leakage rates and patterns in systems with injection and potentially leaky wells. A new semianalytical solution framework allows simple and efficient prediction of leakage rates for the case of injection of supercritical CO2 into a brine-saturated deep aquifer. The solution predicts the extent of the injected CO2 plume, provides leakage rates through an abandoned well located at an arbitrary distance from the injection well, and estimates the CO2 plume extent in the overlying aquifer into which the fluid leaks. Comparison to results from a numerical multiphase flow simulator show excellent agreement. Example calculations show the importance of outer boundary conditions, the influence of both density and viscosity contrasts in the resulting solutions, and the potential importance of local upconing around the leaky well. While several important limiting assumptions are required, the new semianalytical solution provides a simple and efficient procedure for estimation of CO2 leakage for problems involving one injection well, one leaky well, and multiple aquifers separated by impermeable aquitards.
Inhibition of Nox4‐dependent ROS signaling attenuates prostate fibroblast activation and abrogates stromal‐mediated protumorigenic interactions (2018)

Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play a key onco-supportive role during prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. We previously reported that the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is essential for TGFβ1-mediated activation of primary prostate human fibroblasts to a CAF-like phenotype. This study aimed to further investigate the functional relevance of prostatic Nox4 and determine whether pharmacological inhibition of stromal Nox4 abrogates paracrine-mediated PCa-relevant processes. RNA in situ hybridization revealed significantly elevated Nox4 mRNA levels predominantly in the peri-tumoral stroma of clinical PCa with intense stromal Nox4 staining adjacent to tumor foci expressing abundant TGFβ protein levels. At pharmacologically relevant concentrations, the Nox1/Nox4 inhibitor GKT137831 attenuated ROS production, CAF-associated marker expression and migration of TGFβ1-activated but not nonactivated primary human prostate fibroblasts. Similar effects were obtained upon shRNA-mediated silencing of Nox4 but not Nox1 indicating that GKT137831 primarily abrogates TGFβ1-driven fibroblast activation via Nox4 inhibition. Moreover, inhibiting stromal Nox4 abrogated the enhanced proliferation and migration of PCa cell lines induced by TGFβ1-activated prostate fibroblast conditioned media. These effects were not restricted to recombinant TGFβ1 as conditioned media from PCa cell lines endogenously secreting high TGFβ1 levels induced fibroblast activation in a stromal Nox4- and TGFβ receptor-dependent manner. Importantly, GKT137831 also attenuated PCa cell-driven fibroblast activation. Collectively, these findings suggest the TGFβ-Nox4 signaling axis is a key interface to dysregulated reciprocal stromal-epithelial interactions in PCa pathophysiology and provide a strong rationale for further investigating the applicability of Nox4 inhibition as a stromal-targeted approach to complement current PCa treatment modalities.
Monoclonal antibody as therapy for malignant lymphomas (2006)

Rituximab was the first monoclonal antibody to have been registered for the treatment of B-cell lymphomas. Randomized studies have demonstrated its activity in follicular lymphoma, mantle-cell lymphoma, and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in untreated or relapsing patients. Because of its high activity and low toxicity ratio, rituximab has transformed the outcome of patients with B-cell lymphoma. A combination of rituximab plus chemotherapy, R-CHOP, has the highest efficacy ever described with any chemotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and follicular lymphoma. The role of radio-labelled antibodies is still to be defined.
The Sorption of Vapors by Monolayers. III. A Surface Balance for the Measurement of the Effect of Vapors on Monolayers<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Sorption of Vapors by Monolayers. III. A Surface Balance for the Measurement of the Effect of Vapors on Monolayers1Robert B. Dean and Kenneth E. HayesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 12, 5583–5584Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01156a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01156a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cloud Bursting: Managing Peak Loads by Leasing Public Cloud Services (2011)

In general, small and medium-scale enterprises (SMEs) face problems of un-predictable IT service demand and infrastructure cost. Thus, the enterprises 344strive towards an IT delivery model which is both dynamic and flexible, and able to be easily aligned with their constantly changing business needs. In this context, Cloud computing has emerged as a new approach allowing anyone to quickly provision a large IT infrastructure that can be completely customized to the user’s needs on a pay-per-use basis. This paradigm opens new perspectives on the way in which enterprises’ IT needs are managed. Thus, a growing number of enterprises are outsourcing a significant percentage of their infrastructure to Clouds. However, from the SMEs perspective, there is still a barrier to Cloud adoption, being the need of integrating current internal infrastructure with Clouds. They need strategies for growing IT infrastructure from inside and selectively migrating IT services to external Clouds in a way that enterprizes benefit from both Cloud infrastructure’s flexibility and agility as well as lower costs. In this chapter, we present how to profitably use Cloud computing technology by using Aneka, which is a middleware platform for deploying and managing the executions of applications on different Clouds. This chapter also presents public resource provisioning policies for dynamically extending the enterprise IT infrastructure to evaluate the benefit of using public Cloud services. This technique of extending capabilities of enterprise resources by leasing public Cloud capabilities is also known as Cloud bursting. The policies rely on a dynamic pool of external resources hired from commercial IaaS providers in order to meet peak demand requirements. To save on hiring costs, hired resources are released when they are no longer required. The described policies vary in the threshold used to decide when to hire and when to release; the threshold metrics investigated are queue length and queue time as well as a combination of these. Results demonstrate that simple thresholds can provide an improvement to the peak queue times, hence keeping the system performance acceptable during peaks in demand.
Comentario a Drusilla K. Brown (1993)

Este artículo es muy informativo y cumple con su intención. Brown no sólo resume los resultados de los diversos modelos, sino que además ofrece al lector algunas ideas útiles en cuanto a la razón de sus diferencias. Aclara particularmente el grado importante hasta el cual las presuposiciones relativamente inocentes en la creación de los modelos pueden afectar sus resultados. De hecho, al presuponer que se distingue entre los productos por su país de destino o de origen, o ambos, y que los rendimientos a escala son constantes, se reducen los efectos del TLC. Al aunar estas suposiciones se limita el grado de especialización de los países causado por el aumento de las oportunidades comerciales. Esto produce resultados que sugieren que el TLC tendrá efectos limitados sobre el bienestar e, implícitamente, sobre el ajuste, incluso en el caso de México. Sin embargo, como lo señala Brown, los análisis que se basan en sucesos teóricos recientes captan características más realistas, como flujos de inversión, competencia imperfecta, economías de escala, diferenciación de productos, crecimiento endógeno e incertidumbre, y producen efectos considerablemente más importantes.
New corrosion-resistant electrodes: Synthetic diamond and diamond-based materials. The semiconductor and structure aspects—a review (2006)

Specific features of electrode behavior of synthetic diamond and diamond-based materials (in particular, diamond-nondiamond carbon nanocomposites, nanocrystalline diamond, and diamond-like carbon) are reviewed. Effects of the crystal structure and semiconductor nature of diamond on its electrochemical properties are discussed.
Production of Recombinant Proteins in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1995)

E. coli is the expression system of choice and a substantial body of literature has accumulated on the successful expression of foreign genes in this host. Several problems with protein expression in E. coli have been encountered, and many have been ultimately solved. This unit describes methods that have been developed for production of recombinant proteins in E. coli and potential pitfalls that may be encountered.