gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide: A link between acetaldehyde-elicited α1(i) collagen gene up-regulation and oxidative stress in mouse hepatic stellate cells (2000)

Ethanol induces liver fibrosis by several means that include, among others, the direct fibrogenic actions of acetaldehyde and the induction of an oxidative stress response. However, the mechanisms responsible for these activities, and the possible connections between oxidative stress and acetaldehyde-induced fibrosis are not well understood. In this communication we investigated the molecular mechanisms whereby acetaldehyde induces mouse alpha1(I) procollagen (col1a1) gene expression in cultured hepatic stellate cells. Transfection assays using reporter plasmids driven by different segments of the col1a1 promoter localized an acetaldehyde-responsive element (AcRE) between nucleotides -370 and -345. We also show that acetaldehyde enhances binding of a CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-beta (C/EBPbeta)-containing complex to this element, and that this effect is due, at least in part, to an increase in the concentration of nuclear p35C/EBPbeta protein. Although this element overlaps to a previously described transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1)-responsive element, the stimulatory effect of acetaldehyde is not mediated through this cytokine, because addition of neutralizing anti-TGF-beta1 antibodies does not prevent acetaldehyde-elicited col1a1 up-regulation. On the other hand, this effect is blocked by the addition of catalase, an H(2)O(2) scavenger. Moreover, this ethanol metabolite stimulates production of H(2)O(2) in stellate cells. Thus, these results suggest that acetaldehyde-induced col1a1 up-regulation is mediated, at least in part, through H(2)O(2). Altogether, these data suggest that the -370 to -344 region of the col1a1 gene is a point of convergence of the action of numerous extracellular stimuli that ultimately leads to col1a1 up-regulation. In addition, we have established a direct connection between oxidative stress and enhanced col1a1 expression induced by acetaldehyde.
Observation of Resonant Behavior in the Energy Velocity of Diffused Light (2007)

In this Letter we demonstrate Mie resonances mediated transport of light in randomly arranged, monodisperse dielectric spheres packed at high filling fractions. By means of both static and dynamic optical experiments we show resonant behavior in the key transport parameters and, in particular, we find that the energy transport velocity, which is lower than the group velocity, also displays a resonant behavior.
Evidence That Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Also Functions as a Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor in the Goldfish* (1989)

The present study examined the influence of GnRH on the in vivo and in vitro secretion of GH in the goldfish (Carassius auratus). Intraperitoneal injection of several GnRH peptides, including a form native to goldfish, salmon GnRH (sGnRH), elevated circulating GH levels in female goldfish. An analog of mammalian GnRH (mGnRH), [D-Ala6,Pro9-NEt] mGnRH (mGnRH-A), at a dosage of 0.1 microgram/g BW increased serum GH levels for up to 48 h after a single ip injection. Goldfish receiving a series of injections of this dose of mGnRH-A also displayed an increased rate of body growth, indicating that the mGnRH-A-induced increase in the circulating GH level was sufficient to accelerate body growth. In vitro experiments using perifused pituitary fragments found that sGnRH stimulated the secretion of GH from the goldfish pituitary in a potent, dose-dependent, and reversible manner. The time course of response and half-maximally effective dose of sGnRH were very similar for both GH and gonadotropin (GTH) secretion in vitro, suggesting that the mechanism(s) mediating the stimulatory actions of GnRH in the goldfish may be similar for both GH and GTH secretion. However, GnRH-induced GH and GTH secretion from the goldfish pituitary can occur independently of each other, as demonstrated by the finding that somatostatin inhibited the GnRH stimulation of GH secretion in vitro, without influencing the GTH response, whereas the dopamine agonist apomorphine inhibited GnRH-induced GTH secretion in vitro, without influencing the GH response. Furthermore, the dopamine antagonist pimozide did not influence serum GH levels, although pimozide potentiated the stimulatory effect of GnRH on GTH secretion in vivo by blocking the endogenous GTH release inhibitory action of dopamine. Results of the present study suggest that the secretion of GH and GTH in the goldfish are regulated, at least in part, through a common releasing factor, GnRH, whereas somatostatin and dopamine appear to act independently as GH and GTH release inhibitory factors, respectively.
20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Phospholipid Complex: Process Optimization, Characterization, In Vitro Dissolution and Molecular Docking Studies (2016)

20(<i>S</i>)-Protopanaxadiol (PPD), a bioactive compound extracted from ginseng, possesses cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, antiestrogenic, anticancer and anxiolytic effects. However, the clinical application of PPD is limited by its weak aqueous solubility. In this study, we optimized an efficient method of preparing its phospholipid complex (PPD-PLC) using a central composite design and response surface analysis. The prepared PPD-PLC was characterized by differential scanning calorimetric, powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses associated with molecular docking calculation. The equilibrium solubility of PPD-PLC in water and <i>n</i>-octanol increased 6.53- and 1.53-times, respectively. Afterwards, using PPD-PLC as the intermediate, the PPD-PLC-loaded dry suspension (PPD-PLC-SU) was prepared with our previous method. In vitro evaluations were conducted on PPD-PLC and PPD-PLC-SU, including dissolution behaviors and stability properties under different conditions. Results of in vitro dissolution behavior revealed the improved dissolution extents and rates of PPD-PLC and PPD-PLC-SU (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Results of the formulation stability investigation also exposed the better stability of PPD-PLC-SU compared with free PPD. Therefore, phospholipid complex technology is a useful formulation strategy for BCS II drugs, as it could effectively improve their hydrophilicity and lipophilicity.
Evaluation of the Phenol Ammonium Sulfate Sedimentation Smear Microscopy Method for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis (2002)

We compared the sensitivity and specificity of the phenol ammonium sulfate (PhAS) sediment smear microscopy method for detection of acid-fast bacilli with those of direct smear microscopy, using culture results for Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the "gold standard." The sensitivities of the PhAS and direct smear methods were 85% (465 of 547) and 83% (454 of 547), respectively, and the specificity of each method was 97%. The PhAS method was better accepted by the laboratory technicians and safer but necessitates an overnight sedimentation, which delays reporting of results until 1 day after sputum collection.
Transcriptional regulation of the androgen signaling pathway by the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene WT1. (2001)

The androgen-signaling pathway plays a critical role in prostate cancer development and progression. We have recently demonstrated that the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene product, WT1, binds to multiple sites in the androgen receptor (AR) promoter and transcriptionally represses the AR gene promoter in vitro. We asked whether WT1 repression of the endogenous AR gene interferes in the androgen signal transduction cascade and modifies AR target gene expression. We analyzed the effect of WT1 (-/-) overexpression on an AR target gene reporter construct that contains the luciferase gene, the ElB TATA box, and two copies of the androgen-response element (ARE), the dimeric AR binding site. Luciferase activity was determined in 293 kidney and TM4 Sertoli cells, two nontumorigenic cell lines that express both AR and WT1. Cells were cotransfected by lipofectamine in the presence or absence of the synthetic androgen R1881. Results showed that overexpression of WT1 downregulates ARE-reporter gene transcription in both cell lines tested. The inhibitory effect of WT1 on the AR target gene construct was dose-dependent and androgen-independent in 293 cells, whereas in TM4 cells it was androgen-dependent. Additionally, a zinc-finger mutant WT1 (-/-) expression construct, R394W, failed to decrease luciferase activity, suggesting that WT1 downregulates the ARE-reporter gene construct activity by directly repressing the endogenous AR gene promoter. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression of WT1 and AR mRNA in several prostate cancer cell lines in order to understand the role WT1 may play in prostate cancer development and progression. Gel analysis of cDNA amplified by RT-PCR of AR and WT1 RNA from prostate cancer and non-prostatic cell lines showed that LNCaP and MDAPCa2b, two metastatic prostate cancer cell lines which are androgen-sensitive, expressed AR but not WT1. Du145 and PC3, two cell lines from advanced metastatic prostate cancer, which are characterized as androgen-independent and -insensitive, did not express AR but expressed a high level of WT1. Two non-prostatic cell lines, T47D and 293, weakly co-expressed AR and WT1. This inverse relationship between AR and WT1 expression in prostate cancer cell lines, together with WT1 repression of the AR promoter, suggest a role for WT1 in the androgen signaling pathway and in prostate cancer development and progression.
Analysis of several endoglin mutants reveals no endogenous mature or secreted protein capable of interfering with normal endoglin function (2001)

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 1 (HHT1) is associated with mutations in the ENDOGLIN gene which normally codes for a polypeptide of 653 amino acids expressed at the cell surface as a dimeric glycoprotein. To maximize the detection of potential mutant proteins, we analyzed by pulse-chase experiments the expression of large truncation mutants in endothelial cells from newborns with HHT1. A mutant truncated at residue 490 (Delta490) and the Delta517 mutant, previously suggested to act as dominant negative, were undetectable. Proteins Delta471 and Delta571 were barely detectable as transient monomers of 62 and 72 kDa. A de novo 13 bp deletion in exon 11 encoded a monomeric protein of 70 kDa (Delta557), present at low levels in activated monocytes. Six novel missense mutants and DeltaS411 were expressed only as the 80 kDa intracellular precursor of surface endoglin, suggesting impaired processing. All nine novel mutations reported failed to be expressed other than intracellularly. Several constructs of endoglin were expressed in COS-1 cells; only the full-length protein was processed to the cell surface. Recombinant Delta586, corresponding to the complete extracellular domain, was secreted as monomeric and dimeric glycosylated species. Our studies show that all HHT1 mutants analyzed, although expressed to various degrees in COS-1 cells, are either undetectable, present at low levels as transient intracellular forms, or expressed as partially glycosylated precursors in endogenous cells. These mutants do not form heterodimers with normal endoglin and do not interfere with its normal trafficking to the cell surface, further supporting the haploinsufficiency model.
The Impact of Glucocorticoid Replacement Regimens on Metabolic Outcome and Comorbidity in Hypopituitary Patients (2006)

HCeq doses of at least 20 mg/d in adults with hypopituitarism are associated with an unfavorable metabolic profile. CA replacement may have metabolic advantages compared with other GCs.
Oxidative damage to DNA: do we have a reliable biomarker? (1996)

Oxidized bases in DNA can be measured directly by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-guanine (8-OHgua), as the most abundant oxidation product, is often regarded as an indicator of oxidative stress. Estimates of endogenous 8-OHgua levels in human lymphocyte DNA are between 2 and 8 for every 10(5) unaltered bases--a high frequency in view of the potential mutagenicity of this base alteration and of the presence of an effective base excision repair pathway in eukaryotic cells. An alternative approach to the measurement of oxidized bases makes use of repair endonucleases with appropriate lesion specificities--endonuclease III, for oxidized pyrimidines and formamidopyrimidine glycosylase for 8-OHgua. These enzymes introduce breaks at sites of damage in DNA. The comet assay (single cell gel electrophoresis) can then be used to detect the DNA breaks. This modified comet assay, like other enzyme-linked DNA breakage assays, gives a value for endogenous oxidative base damage that is more than 10-fold lower than most estimated from HPLC. It is possible that HPLC-based estimates are artificially high because oxidation of guanine occurs during isolation, storage, or hydrolysis of DNA. Using a revised DNA isolation procedure designed to decrease in vitro oxidation, we have obtained results for 8-OHgua concentrations in human lymphocytes that are closure to the figures obtained by the comet assay. It is still an open question whether 8-OHgua, measured by HPLC or by the comet assay, is a valid marker for oxidative damage.
Induction of Rapid Histone Degradation by the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Protease Granzyme A (2001)

The cytotoxic T lymphocyte protease granzyme A induces caspase-independent cell death in which DNA single-strand nicking is observed instead of oligonucleosomal fragmentation. Granzyme A is a specific tryptase that concentrates in the nucleus of targeted cells and synergistically enhances DNA fragmentation induced by the caspase activator granzyme B. Here we show that granzyme A treatment of isolated nuclei enhances DNA accessibility to exogenous endonucleases. In vitro and after cell loading with perforin, GrnA completely degrades histone H1 and cleaves core histones into approximately 16-kDa fragments. Histone digestion provides a mechanism for unfolding compacted chromatin and facilitating endogenous DNase access to DNA during T cell and natural killer cell granule-mediated apoptosis.
Ruminococcin A, a New Lantibiotic Produced by a <i>Ruminococcus gnavu</i> s Strain Isolated from Human Feces (2001)

When cultivated in the presence of trypsin, the Ruminococcus gnavus E1 strain, isolated from a human fecal sample, was able to produce an antibacterial substance that accumulated in the supernatant. This substance, called ruminococcin A, was purified to homogeneity by reverse-phase chromatography. It was shown to be a 2,675-Da bacteriocin harboring a lanthionine structure. The utilization of Edman degradation and tandem mass spectrometry techniques, followed by DNA sequencing of part of the structural gene, allowed the identification of 21 amino acid residues. Similarity to other bacteriocins present in sequence libraries strongly suggested that ruminococcin A belonged to class IIA of the lantibiotics. The purified ruminococcin A was active against various pathogenic clostridia and bacteria phylogenetically related to R. gnavus. This is the first report on the characterization of a bacteriocin produced by a strictly anaerobic bacterium from human fecal microbiota.
Anomalous Electron-Ion Energy Transfer in a Relativistic-Electron-Beam-Heated Plasma (1978)

Studies at Cornell University show experimental evidence for an anomalous electron-ion energy transfer in a relativistic-electron-beam-heated plasma that is ${10}^{3}$ times faster than can be predicted by classical processes. Electron cooling, ion heating, and a constant total plasma perpendicular energy on a time scale of \ensuremath{\sim}1 \ensuremath{\mu}sec after electron-beam injection are consistent with an empirically derived electron-ion energy equipartion time in the presence of current-driven instabilities.
Radiation effects of e-beam fabricated submicron NMOS transistors (1982)

This paper reports radiation effects of submicron NMOS devices fabricated by e-beam lithography. This study was initiated because e-beam lithography creates neutral traps in the gate oxides of MOS devices, which may make these devices more sensitive to radiation. Indeed, we have found that for radiation doses above 10 Krad, the threshold shift for an e-beam fabricated device is twice that for the corresponding device made by optical lithography. However, with the submicron process used here the threshold shift for both types of device is quite low (<100mV below 10 Krad), Moreover, there was no correlation observed between radiation sensitivity and device gate length.
Luteinizing hormone and testosterone response of sexually active and inactive rams1 (1992)

The objective of this study was to identify rams exhibiting high (HP) and low (LP) levels of sexual performance and to determine whether their respective behavioral responses to ewes in estrus were related to changes in serum testosterone (T) and LH concentrations. Rams were selected on the basis of standardized serving capacity tests. Plasma T and LH concentrations in rams were measured in three experiments: 1) after 15 min of exposure to estrous ewes, 2) after an injection of 500 ng of LHRH, and 3) during an 11-h exposure to estrous ewes. During 15 min of exposure to ewes, HP rams were sexually active, whereas LP rams showed no sexual interest. Secretion of LH was similar (P greater than .05) between ram groups. Sexual arousal, copulation, and ejaculation of HP males were not related (P greater than .05) to LH secretion. Exposure to estrous ewes for 11 h, however, stimulated LH pulse frequency and elevated basal LH and T concentrations in HP but not LP rams (P less than .001). Luteinizing hormone secretion was positively correlated to the frequency of mounts (r = .19; P less than .01) and ejaculation (r = .17; P less than .03). Aggressive behavior of rams directed at ewes was negatively correlated to LH (r = -.22 P less than .003). Concentrations of LH and T after LHRH injection were similar between HP and LP rams (P greater than .05). These results show that the effects of the ewe on LH secretion of rams depend on length of the exposure period and sexual activity of the male.
High density LED display panel on silicon microreflector and integrated circuit (2002)

Two types of high density light-emitting-diode (LED) array units for a display panel were fabricated using LED chips. One is so made that LED chips are mounted on a silicon microreflector. The reflector was formed on a
Reductive Electrochemistry of Rhodium Porphyrins. Disproportionation of Intermediary Oxidation States (1997)

The reduction of rhodium(III) porphyrins in polar aprotic solvents is a two-electron irreversible reaction yielding directly the Rh(I) complex. The cause of this irreversibility is not the metal−metal dimerization of the initially formed Rh(II) complex as believed earlier but rather deligation which generates a secondary Rh(II) species easier to reduce than the starting Rh(III) porphyrin. This is confirmed by the fact that sterically encumbered porphyrins, such as those bearing cross-trans basket-handle superstructures which forbid the approach of two molecules at bonding distance, exhibit the same behavior as simple rhodium porphyrins. The occurrence of such an ECE−disproportionation process, seldom observed in the redox chemistry of metallo-porphyrins or similar complexes, is probably related to the tendency of the rhodium atom to shift out of the porphyrin plane, particularly at the Rh(I) oxidation state. It is remarkable that strong and soft ligands, e.g., tertiary phosphines, annihilate the disproportionation of the rhodium(II) complex.
Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant Development and Stress Responses (2013)

© 2013 Kolomiets et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception and Function in Plant Development and Stress Responses
Biohazards of Ultraviolet, Visible and Infrared Radiation (1983)

It has long been recognized that optical radiation may be harmful to the eye; however, the precise exposure conditions, wavelengths and irradiation levels required to injure the cornea, lens and retina have not always been well understood. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels that elicit UV photokeratoconjunctivitis are dramatically dependent on wavelength. The damage is the result of a photochemical effect. Lenticular opacities produced in laboratory animals appear to be produced only within a narrow waveband near 300 nm by UV radiation or by extremely high-exposure doses of infrared radiation. Wavelengths between 400 and 1,400 nm may reach the retina in the normal eye, and at sufficient irradiance levels can cause a retinal "burn." Short-wavelength light (blue-violet) can cause a retinal photochemical burn, whereas longer wavelengths and short pulses of light appear to be capable of injuring the retina by a thermal damage mechanism. It has only recently been appreciated that the geometry of the light source and the direction of exposure (e.g., overhead v direct) play important roles in determining the likelihood of ocular injury.
Magnetic logic using nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy (2009)

In addition to a storage function through the magnetization of nanowires, domain wall propagation can be used to trigger magnetic logic functions. Here, we present a new way to realize a pure magnetic logic operation by using magnetic nanowires with perpendicular anisotropy. Emphasis is given on the generation of the logic function 'NOT' that is based on the dipolar interaction between two neighbouring magnetic wires, which favours the creation of a domain wall. This concept has been validated on several prototypes and the results fit well with the expectations.
Reinforcing the mucus: a new therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis? (2005)

Luminal delivery of phosphatidyl rich phospholipids appears to reduce mucosal inflammatory activity in a high proportion of patients with chronically active ulcerative colitis. The simplicity and apparent safety of this therapeutic approach offers new insights into the importance of the mucus barrier in the pathogenesis and treatment of ulcerative colitis.
A Hybrid Inter-cell Interference Mitigation Scheme for OFDMA based E-UTRA Downlink (2006)

For the evolved UTRA (EUTRA), cell edge bit-rate and system throughput become important criteria for the evaluation of the system proposals and requirements on the system performance. Inter-cell interference is the main source of performance degradation for OFDM, especially the data rate of cell edge UEs is severely limited. Many inter-cell interference mitigation schemes are proposed to improve the EUTRA performance, especially the active coordination in the frequency domain resource allocation between neighboring cells. But they can't achieve robust performance for system throughput and cell edge bit rate when the traffic load varies much. In this paper a hybrid inter-cell interference mitigation scheme (HICIM) is proposed, which is a trade-off between system throughput and cell-edge UE performance. From the simulation results when proportional fairness (PF) scheduling is adopted in single input and single output (SISO) environment, the proposed HICIM scheme achieves robust performance of both system throughput and cell-edge UE performance for both high system load and low system load