gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nephrolithiasis: Acute management and prevention (1998)

The primary care physician has a responsibility not only to recognize and treat acute stone passage but to ensure that the patient with recurrent stones has metabolic evaluation and appropriate preventive care. Renal colic is typically severe, radiates to the groin, is associated with hematuria, and may cause ileus. About 90% of stones that cause renal colic pass spontaneously. The patient with acute renal colic should be treated with fluids and analgesics and should strain the urine to recover stone for analysis. Highgrade obstruction or failure of oral analgesics to relieve pain may require hospitalization; a urinary tract infection in the setting of an obstruction is a urologic emergency requiring immediate drainage, usually with a ureteral stent. Several approaches are available when stones do not pass spontaneously, including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous lithotripsy, and ureteroscopic laser lithotripsy. Calcium stone disease has a lifetime prevalence of 10% in men and causes significant morbidity. Renal failure is unusual. Stone types include calcium oxalate, uric acid, struvite, and cystine. Stone analysis is particularly important when a noncalcareous constituent is identified. The majority of patients with nephrolithiasis will have recurrence, so prevention is a high priority. High fluid intake is a mainstay of prevention. Metabolic evaluation will indicate other appropriate preventive measures, which may include dietary salt and protein restriction, and use of thiazide diuretics, neutral phosphate, potassium citrate, allopurinol, and magnesium salts. Dietary calcium restriction may worsen oxaluria and negative calcium balance (osteoporosis).
Enhanced Expression of Pullulanase in Bacillus subtilis by New Strong Promoters Mined From Transcriptome Data, Both Alone and in Combination (2018)

Pullulanase plays an important role as a starch hydrolysis enzyme in the production of bio-fuels and animal feed, and in the food industry. Compared to the methods currently used for pullulanase production, synthesis by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> would be safer and easier. However, the current yield of pullulanase from <i>B. subtilis</i> is low to meet industrial requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the yield of pullulanase by <i>B. subtilis</i>. In this study, we mined 10 highly active promoters from <i>B. subtilis</i> based on transcriptome and bioinformatic data. Individual promoters and combinations of promoters were used to improve the yield of pullulanase in <i>B. subtilis</i> BS001. Four recombinant strains with new promoters (Phag, PtufA, PsodA, and PfusA) had higher enzyme activity than the control (PamyE). The strain containing PsodA+fusA (163 U/mL) and the strain containing PsodA+fusA+amyE (336 U/mL) had the highest activity among the analyzed dual- and triple-promoter construct stains in shake flask, which were 2.29 and 4.73 times higher than that of the strain with PamyE, respectively. Moreover, the activity of the strain containing PsodA+fusA+amyE showed a maximum activity of 1,555 U/mL, which was 21.9 times higher than that of the flask-grown PamyE strain in a 50-liter fermenter. Our work showed that these four strong promoters mined from transcriptome data and their combinations could reliably increase the yield of pullulanase in quantities suitable for industrial applications.
Dual‐Function of Alcohols in Gold‐Mediated Selective Coupling of Amines and Alcohols (2012)

Oxidative coupling of alcohols (methanol and ethanol) and dimethylamine on atomic-oxygen-activated Au(111) occurs entirely on the surface to form the corresponding amides when the alkoxy of the alcohol and the amide derived from the amine are co-adsorbed. For effective oxygen-assisted coupling the formation of the amide requires excess methanol. Mechanistic studies reveal that molecularly adsorbed methanol removes excess adsorbed atomic oxygen efficiently, precluding either secondary oxidation or oxidative dehydrogenation of dimethylamide to the imine. The adsorbed amide then can react with the aldehyde produced by β-hydride elimination from the alkoxy to form the hemiaminal, the reactive intermediate leading to coupling. The selectivity for formamide production can be increased to nearly 100 % in excess methanol.
Adhesion among neural cells of the chick embryo. II. Purification and characterization of a cell adhesion molecule from neural retina. (1977)

The aggregation of cells from dissociated neural retinas of chick embryos can be inhibited by antibodies prepared against whole retinal cells. In order to identify the antigens involved, substances released by retinal tissues in culture were tested for their ability to neutralize specifically the inhibition by antibody of cell adhesion. Using this assay, three active polypeptides from the culture supernatant were purified 500-fold by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Rabbit antibodies prepared against these purified supernatant activities inhibited cell adhesion and reacted only with the three polypeptides. Immunoprecipitation by the specific antibodies of 3H-labeled proteins from a detergent extract of embryonic retinal cell membranes yielded a polypeptide having a Mr of 140,000 in sodium dodecyl sulfate. This precipitation was inhibited in the presence of the three culture supernatant polypeptides that had activity, suggesting that they contained antigenic determinants in common with the 140,000 Mr surface component. They therefore represent all or parts of this cell surface molecule that were released into solution during tissue culture. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the 140,000 Mr polypeptide is intimately involved in initial adhesion among neural cells.
Improved analysis/synthesis methods for the multiband excitation coder (2002)

The multiband excitation coder (MBE) has been shown to be a suitable speech coding scheme for bit rates ranging from 2400 bps to 8000 bps. However the speech it produces is sometimes rough with a reverberating quality and its performance seems to be speaker dependent. This somewhat reduced quality (specially at low bit rates) is the main drawback of the MBE coder. According to our results loss of quality is mostly due to the following reasons: mistakes of the pitch tracker, wrong voiced/unvoiced decisions, improper spectra for the excitation's noisy part and lack of temporal resolution at the synthesizer. Effects resulting from quantization needs such as roughness of the spectral envelope are also important. In this contribution solutions to all those problems are proposed. They considerably improve final quality over standard MBE coders. This final quality is almost completely speaker independent.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Graphene and g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>Nanosheets Cowrapped Elemental α-Sulfur As a Novel Metal-Free Heterojunction Photocatalyst for Bacterial Inactivation under Visible-Light (2013)

A new class of metal-free heterojunction photocatalysts was prepared by wrapping reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and g-C3N4 (CN) sheets on crystals of cyclooctasulfur (α-S8). Two distinctive structures were fabricated by wrapping RGO and CN sheets in different orders. The first was RGO sheets sandwiched in heterojunction of CN sheets and α-S8 (i.e., CNRGOS8), while the second structure was the other way around (i.e., RGOCNS8). Both structures exhibited antibacterial activity under visible-light irradiation. CNRGOS8 showed stronger bacterial inactivation than RGOCNS8 in aerobic conditions. However, RGOCNS8 was more active than CNRGOS8 under anaerobic condition. A possible mechanism was proposed to explain the differences between photocatalytic oxidative inactivation and reductive inactivation. As a proof-of-concept, this work could offer new inroads into exploration and utilization of graphene sheets and g-C3N4 sheets cowrapped nanocomposites for environmental applications.
Type 1 Diabetes and Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: One End of the Rainbow (2006)

Evidence is presented that LADA represents one end of a rainbow encompassing type 1 diabetes. The clinical nature and management of autoimmune diabetes poses important therapeutic questions regarding conventional therapy for hyperglycemia as well as therapy aiming to protect residual beta-cell function. Limiting loss of endogenous insulin secretion using immunomodulation could be valuable, not only for LADA but also for type 1 diabetes.
Pharmacokinetic variability and strategy for therapeutic drug monitoring of saquinavir (SQV) in HIV‐1 infected individuals (1999)

This study shows that C3 h is a good predictor for total body exposure of SQV and might be useful to predict SQV disposition in HIV-positive patients on steady-state treatment.
Molecular characterization of a morphologically unusual potato cyst nematode* (2005)

During routine screening of soil samples for potato cyst nematodes, a morphologically variant cyst was detected. The internal transcribed spacer regions of the ribosomal DNA repeat unit from individual juveniles hatched from the cyst were amplified by PCR. The resulting products were digested with a range of restriction enzymes and their RFLP profiles compared with standard samples of Globodera rostochiensis and Globodera pallida . Most of the RFLP profiles yielded patterns similar to those of G. pallida although some restriction enzymes gave hybrid patterns showing elements of both G. rostochiensis and G. pallida . Clones of individual ITS regions from a single nematode from the variant cyst displayed either a G. pallida or G. rostochiensis pattern.
Analog Real-Time Statistical Analyzer Utilizing CCD's to Implement a Decision Algorithm (1980)

A system is presented to realize the function of a linear regression analyzer using analog charge-coupled device (CCD) tapped delay lines to perform fast parallel processing. Such systems are normally implemented using digital computing techniques giving a nonreal-time output. The analog approach discussed in this paper is capable of providing results in real time at the sampling rate of several hundred kilohertz, with the added advantage of reduction in power consumption and physical size. Results obtained from a prototype system are presented to demonstrate the principles of the system operation.
Diagnosing and Managing Advanced Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

Clinical staging of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) distinguishes between chronic phase (CP-CML), accelerated phase (AP-CML), and blastic phase (BP-CML), reflecting its natural history in the absence of effective therapy. Morphologically, transformation from CP-CML to AP/BP-CML is characterized by a progressive or sudden loss of differentiation. Multiple different somatic mutations have been implicated in transformation from CP-CML to AP/BC-CML, but no characteristic mutation or combination of mutations have emerged. Gene expression profiles of AP-CML and BP-CML are similar, consistent with biphasic evolution at the molecular level. Gene expression of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-resistant CP-CML and second CP-CML resemble AP/BP-CML, suggesting that morphology alone is a poor predictor of biologic behavior. At the clinical level, progression to AP/BP-CML or resistance to first-line TKI therapy distinguishes a good risk condition with survival close to the general population from a disease likely to reduce survival. Progression while receiving TKI therapy is frequently caused by mutations in the target kinase BCR-ABL1, but progression may occur in the absence of explanatory BCR-ABL1 mutations, suggesting involvement of alternative pathways. Identifying patients in whom milestones of TKI response fail to occur or whose disease progress while receiving therapy requires appropriate molecular monitoring. Selection of salvage TKI depends on prior TKI history, comorbidities, and BCR-ABL1 mutation status. Despite the introduction of novel TKIs, therapy of AP/BP-CML remains challenging and requires accepting modalities with substantial toxicity, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT).
Chiral separation of Huperzine A using CE – Method validation and application in pharmaceutical formulations (2012)

The aim of this work is the development, validation and application of an MEKC method for the chiral separation of Huperzine A. Huperzine A is an important compound that is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. However, only the (-)-form of this compound is biologically active and behaves as a potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Therefore, the separation of the (-)-form from the (+)-form is of greatest importance. Optimal conditions, regarding resolution and analysis time, were established by altering several experimental parameters, such as temperature, field strength, pH, type and concentration of BGE and chiral selector. A major problem that had to be solved in this study was the low intensity and efficiency of the peaks. More parameters were examined, such as the addition of modifiers, to optimize further the separation, and particularly the efficiency. Baseline enantioseparation was achieved by using a BGE of 50 mM acetate (pH 5.0), supplemented with 0.2% w/v poly(sodium N-undecanoyl-ll-alanyl-valinate) and 10% v/v tert-butanol. Finally, the optimum conditions were applied to a pharmaceutical formulation, to demonstrate the ability of the method to control the purity of the (-)-Huperzine A in pharmaceutical formulations.
Super high dielectric constant carbon black-filled polymer composites as integral capacitor dielectrics (2004)

In this paper, carbon black-filled high dielectric constant composites were evaluated as the candidate materials for embedded capacitors. Carbon black was selected as the filler due to its large surface area and its wide range of electrical properties based on its surface chemistry, particle size and aggregate structure. Six different types of carbon blacks were evaluated. With a proper filler loading level and good dispersion, high dielectric constants over 1000 were observed for four out of the six types of carbon. The dispersion of carbon black is critical to obtain high dielectric constant carbon black composites. When the carbon black is well dispersed, the large surface area of tiny carbon black aggregates serve as the electrode surfaces of numerous small capacitors. The capacitor network within the composite can thus give a large capacitance and dielectric constant. For a highly conductive carbon black CBD3, a high dielectric constant over 13,300 (@10 kHz) was achieved, and for a relatively low conductivity carbon black CBC2, a dielectric constant of about 2,300 (@10 kHz) was obtained. A higher conductivity carbon black usually gives a higher dielectric constant; however, its composites are more difficult to process since the composites have a narrower composition window near the percolation threshold due to its high structure and large surface area. The filler loading level required to reach high dielectric constant is much lower than that of ceramic composites, which enable carbon black composites to have good mechanical properties. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structure of carbon and their composites, respectively, in order to correlate the structure of carbon blacks and the morphology of their composites with the corresponding material dielectric properties.
Understanding Patch-Based Learning by Explaining Predictions (2018)

Deep networks are able to learn highly predictive models of video data. Due to video length, a common strategy is to train them on small video snippets. We apply the deep Taylor / LRP technique to understand the deep network's classification decisions, and identify a "border effect": a tendency of the classifier to look mainly at the bordering frames of the input. This effect relates to the step size used to build the video snippet, which we can then tune in order to improve the classifier's accuracy without retraining the model. To our knowledge, this is the the first work to apply the deep Taylor / LRP technique on any video analyzing neural network.
Sentan: A Novel Specific Component of the Apical Structure of Vertebrate Motile Cilia (2008)

Human respiratory and oviductal cilia have specific apical structures characterized by a narrowed distal portion and a ciliary crown. These structures are conserved among vertebrates that have air respiration systems; however, the molecular components of these structures have not been defined, and their functions are unknown. To identify the molecular component(s) of the cilia apical structure, we screened EST libraries to identify gene(s) that are exclusively expressed in ciliated tissues, are transcriptionally up-regulated during in vitro ciliogenesis, and are not expressed in testis (because sperm flagella have no such apical structures). One of the identified gene products, named sentan, was localized to the distal tip region of motile cilia. Using anti-sentan polyclonal antibodies and electron microscopy, sentan was shown to localize exclusively to the bridging structure between the cell membrane and peripheral singlet microtubules, which specifically exists in the narrowed distal portion of cilia. Exogenously expressed sentan showed affinity for the membrane protrusions, and a protein-lipid binding assay revealed that sentan bound to phosphatidylserine. These findings suggest that sentan is the first molecular component of the ciliary tip to bridge the cell membrane and peripheral singlet microtubules, making the distal portion of the cilia narrow and stiff to allow for better airway clearance or ovum transport.
Polymeric nanocomposite infrared photovoltaics enhanced by pentacene (2007)

An infrared active thin film polymeric photovoltaic device is fabricated from regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene), PbSe quantum dots, and the organic semiconductor pentacene. The PbSe quantum dots are infrared photosensitizers. Pentacene is incorporated into the formulation in a soluble precursor form. The current-voltage measurements of the device show that the photovoltaic performance is significantly increased by the introduction of pentacene, with both short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage increased by a factor of 2. The improved performance of the device is attributed to the high mobility of charge carriers in pentacene probably due to conducting domains provided by it.
Baculovirus-based Expression of Mammalian Caveolin in Sf21 Insect Cells (1996)

Caveolae were originally defined morphologically as 50-100 nm noncoated vesicular organelles located at or near the plasma membrane. Caveolin, a vesicular integral membrane protein of 21 kDa, is a principal protein component of caveolae membranes in vivo. Caveolin interacts with itself to form high molecular mass oligomers, suggesting that it might play a structural role in the formation of caveolae membranes. However, it remains controversial whether recombinant expression of caveolin is necessary or sufficient to generate caveolae membranes in vivo. To directly address this issue, we have taken a different experimental approach by exploiting a heterologous expression system. Here, we have recombinantly expressed mammalian caveolin in Sf21 insect cells using baculovirus-based vectors. Two isoforms of caveolin have been identified that differ at their extreme N terminus; alpha-caveolin contains residues 1-178, and beta-caveolin contains residues 32-178. After recombinant expression in Sf21 insect cells, both alpha- and beta-caveolin formed SDS-resistant high molecular mass oligomers of the same size as native caveolin. Morphologically, expression of either caveolin isoform resulted in the intracellular accumulation of a homogeneous population of caveolae-sized vesicles with a diameter between 50 and 120 nm (80.3 +/- 14.8 nm). This indicates that each caveolin isoform can independently generate these structures and that caveolin residues 1-31 are not required for this process. Using caveolin as a marker protein and a detergent-free procedure to purify caveolae from mammalian cells, we purified these recombinant caveolin-induced vesicles from insect cells. These purified recombinant vesicles: (i) have the same buoyant density as mammalian caveolae; (ii) appear as approximately 50-100 nm membranous structures by whole-mount electron microscopy; and (iii) contain approximately 95% of the recombinantly expressed caveolin protein by Western blotting. Immuno-labeling of these structures with anti-caveolin IgG confirmed that they contain caveolin. Thus, ectopic overexpression of caveolin in this heterologous system is sufficient to drive the formation of caveolae-like vesicles. Further functional analysis demonstrated that caveolin was capable of interacting with a known caveolin-interacting protein, Ha-Ras, when coexpressed in insect cells by co-infection with two recombinant baculoviruses. Taken together, our results demonstrate that baculovirus-based expression of caveolin in insect cells provides an attractive experimental system for studying the biogenesis of caveolae.
Correlation of Configuration and Rotatory Direction for Several 4-Substituted Cyclohexenes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCorrelation of Configuration and Rotatory Direction for Several 4-Substituted CyclohexenesStanley I. Goldberg and Fuk-Luen LamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 1, 240–243Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01339a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01339a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
20.2 A 40MHz-BW 320MS/s Passive Noise-Shaping SAR ADC With Passive Signal-Residue Summation in 14nm FinFET (2019)

SAR ADCs are popular in mobile WiFi applications due to their low power and small area. SNR of 60-70dB is necessary to meet the noise budget for the downlink chain in the 802.11 ac/ax standards. Comparator noise and quantization noise are typically the dominant noise sources limiting the SNR. Recently, noise-shaping SAR (NS-SAR) ADCs have become popular to increase SNR by reducing these two noise sources through noise shaping.
Research on Automatic Anti - skidding Technology of Vehicle Ice-snow Area (2018)

This paper introduces the research status of the new technology of vehicle anti-skid technology at home and abroad, and designs a new type of snow-ice automatic snow chain on the 4x2 truck. The anti-skid device meets the longitudinal anti-skid requirements and drives attachment conditions of the vehicle when climbing on the ice and snow road with a great resistance to lateral forces of less than maximum lateral force of 32kN and a strong anti-skid ability.
Impact of corticotropin-releasing hormone on gastrointestinal motility and adrenocorticotropic hormone in normal controls and patients with irritable bowel syndrome (1998)

Human intestinal motility is probably modulated by exogenous CRH. The brain-gut in IBS patients may have an exaggerated response to CRH.