gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ryersonian Influence on the Public School System of British Columbia (1971)

How do educational ideas and practices which are current in one society come to be adopted by another society? We seem to assume often that it is through some process of intellectual osmosis. Frequently, however, his­ torical research can unveil the individual personalities involved. An interesting case in point is the story of how the Ryersonian system of public education was transmitted from Canada West to British Columbia a century ago through the agency of British Columbia's first Provincial Superintendent of Education, John Jessop. Carlyle's theory that history is the essence of innumerable biographies can certainly be supported in this case by the record of the personal influence of this one man. Jessop arrived in Canada West (the Ontario of to-day) in 1846 from Norwich, England as a young lad of seventeen. For a few years he worked in the woods and probably had some experience with newspapers as well. He joined the Methodist Church, then the most active Protestant denomination in Canada West. In 1853 he decided to become a teacher and entered the Normal School in Toronto, recently opened by Dr. Egerton Ryerson. Here he first came under the influence of the Ryersonian system. Stuffed with subject matter and professional training day and night for six days a week, he ingested a curriculum which, if it were not superficial, would indeed be gargantuan. It was officially described as the Elements and Philosophy of Grammar, Orthography, Composition, Art of Reading, Rudiments of Logic, Geography (Mathematical, Physical and Political) with rudiments of the use of the globes, Elements of General History, Linear Drawing, Mulhauser's System of Writing, Rudiments of Trigonometry, with a view to Land Surveying with the Theodolite, Art of Teaching, with daily teaching in the Model School, mode of teaching the National School Books, Science and Practice of Arithmetic, including the use of the Logarithm Tables, Algebra as far as Quadratic Equations, the Progressions, and the Binomial Theorem, inclusive: Geometry, six books of Euclid; Heat, Electricity, Galvanism, and Magnetism; Mechanics, Hydro­ statics, Pneumatics, Animal and Vegetable Physiology (with special reference
Transient analysis of lossless transmission lines (1967)

The method of characteristics provides a simple analytic solution for the transient analysis of a uniform, lossless transmission line. The interpretation of this solution in terms of equivalent network of the input and output behavior of the transmission line leads to an efficient algorithm which yields not only the input and output responses but also the incident and reflected waves. This method is superior in both speed and accuracy to the familiar method of integrating the differential equations that describe a lumped LC model of the line; but it is not applicable to lossy lines.
An Enzyme-Linked Immunoelectrotransfer Blot Assay and Glycoprotein Antigens for Diagnosing Human Cysticercosis (Taenia solium) (1989)

An enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot (EITB) assay was developed for immunodiagnosing human cysticercosis. The assay uses lentil-lectin, affinity-purified glycoprotein antigens. A battery of 532 serum and 46 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples (148 cases of parasitologically confirmed cysticercosis, 54 healthy controls, and 18 types of heterologous infections [376 cases]) were used to ascertain the assay's efficacy. All but three of the samples from cases of confirmed cysticercosis were positive; none of the samples from healthy controls or heterologous infections reacted to any of the diagnostic bands. Thus, the assay is 98% sensitive and 100% specific. We identified seven major glycoprotein bands that are commonly recognized by virtually all serum and/or CSF samples from patients with confirmed cysticercosis. There was no significant difference in test performance when CSF was compared with serum. The EITB assay is highly reproducible and simple to perform, and the reagents (including the antigens blotted onto strips) are very stable.
Spectrophotometric method for determination of tocopherol in red blood cells (1973)

A relatively rapid procedure is described for the spectrophotometric determination of total tocopherol in red blood cells (RBC) based on a modification of the original Emmerie-Engel reaction. The critical feature in this method is the presence of a large amount of an added antioxidant, pyrogallol or ascorbic acid, during the saponification and extraction stages and the use of thin-layer chromatography for tocopherol purification. The total tocopherol levels of plasma and erythrocytes were determined for a number of human subjects, for patients with abetalipoproteinemia, and for rats. It was found that these levels had a wide range in normal human subjects but that the ratio of RBC to plasma tocopherol was relatively constant and equal to 0.18, uncorrected, and 0.21 when both RBC and plasma values were corrected to 100% recovery. The RBC-to-plasma ratio for rats was 0.39. The accuracy of this ratio determined by the spectrophotometric procedure was verified by measuring the distribution of [(14)C]tocopherol in RBC and plasma when radioactive vitamin E was introduced into the blood by both in vitro and in vivo techniques. The addition of radioactive tocopherol to RBC or plasma at the initial stage of the analysis permits an accurate determination of the total tocopherol in RBC or plasma by calculations based on the recovery of the added isotope. This procedure for erythrocyte tocopherol analysis is compared with a gas-liquid chromatographic method in current use.
Comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem and 11 other antimicrobial agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from skin and soft tissue animal and human bite wound infections (2001)

We studied the comparative in vitro activity of ertapenem, a new carbapenem, against 240 aerobic and 180 anaerobic recent clinical bite isolates using an agar dilution method and an inoculum of 10(4) cfu/spot for aerobes and 10(5) cfu/spot for anaerobes. Ertapenem inhibited 410/420 (98%) of the isolates tested at < or = 4 mg/L with only 4/5 Campylobacter gracilis and 1/3 Campylobacter rectus strains requiring . or = 16 mg/L for inhibition. Ertapenem was only moderately active (MIC 8 mg/L) against 4/6 Enterococcus faecalis and 1/11 Staphylococcus epidermidis strains. All Pasteurella multocida, Pasteurella septica, Pasteurella canis, Pasteurella dagmatis, Moraxella spp. and EF-4 isolates were inhibited at < or = 0.015 mg/L. MIC(90)s for other aerobic genera and species were as follows: Corynebacterium spp., 4 mg/L; Staphylococcus aureus, 0.25 mg/L; Staphylococcus epidermidis, 4 mg/L; other coagulasenegative staphylococci, 0.25 mg/L; Streptococcus milleri group, 0.5 mg/L; Eikenella corrodens, 0.03 mg/L; and Bergeyella zoohelcum, 0.5 mg/L. For anaerobes the range of MICs and MIC(90)s were: Prevotella ssp., < or = 0.015-0.5, 0.125 mg/L; Porphyromonas spp., < or = 0.015-0.03, 0.015 mg/L; Fusobacterium spp., 0.015-0.125, 0.03 mg/L; Bacteroides tectum, 0.03-0.125, 0.125 mg/L; and Peptostreptococcus spp., 0.01-2, 1 mg/L. Ertapenem showed excellent potency against the full range of animal and human bite wound pathogens.
Serum immunoglobulin concentrations after feeding maternal colostrum or maternal colostrum plus colostral supplement to dairy calves (1993)

Maternal colostrum or maternal colostrum plus colostral supplement, composed of a blend of lyophilized colostrum and dried whey, was fed to 32 Holstein calves as soon as possible after birth (mean +/- SEM = 2.0 +/- 0.2 hours) and, again, 12 hours later. Mean immunoglobulin concentration in colostrum was 59.2 mg/ml; mean immunoglobulin fraction in supplement was 11.4%. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations were measured at 0, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and at 28 and 56 days. Hour/treatment interactions were significant for total immunoglobulin, IgG1, and IgM concentrations. Immunoglobulin concentrations were highest at 12 hours (total immunoglobulin, IgG1, IgM) or 24 hours (IgG2) in calves fed colostrum plus supplement, whereas all immunoglobulin concentrations were highest at 24 hours in calves fed maternal colostrum only. Peak mean immunoglobulin concentrations did not differ between treatments. Supplementation of colostrum did not increase peak mean serum immunoglobulin concentration, but did alter the serum concentration-time profile from 12 to 72 hours after birth.
Echolocation may have real-life advantages for blind people: an analysis of survey data (2013)

Some people can echolocate by making sonar emissions (e.g., mouth-clicks, finger snaps, feet shuffling, humming, cane tapping, etc.) and listening to the returning echoes. To date there are no statistics available about how many blind people use echolocation, but anecdotal reports in the literature suggest that perhaps between 20 and 30% of totally blind people may use it, suggesting that echolocation affords broad functional benefits. Consistent with the notion that blind individuals benefit from the use of echolocation, previous research conducted under controlled experimental conditions has shown that echolocation improves blind people's spatial sensing ability. The current study investigated if there is also evidence for functional benefits of echolocation in real life. To address this question the current study conducted an online survey. Thirty-seven blind people participated. Linear regression analyses of survey data revealed that, while statistically controlling for participants' gender, age, level of visual function, general health, employment status, level of education, Braille skill, and use of other mobility means, people who use echolocation have higher salary, and higher mobility in unfamiliar places, than people who do not use echolocation. The majority of our participants (34 out of 37) use the long cane, and all participants who reported to echolocate, also reported to use the long cane. This suggests that the benefit of echolocation that we found might be conditional upon the long cane being used as well. The investigation was correlational in nature, and thus cannot be used to determine causality. In addition, the sample was small (N = 37), and one should be cautious when generalizing the current results to the population. The data, however, are consistent with the idea that echolocation offers real-life advantages for blind people, and that echolocation may be involved in peoples' successful adaptation to vision loss.
Spatially coherent radiation from an array of GaAs lasers (1975)

Spatially coherent radiation from a monolithic array of three homostructure GaAs lasers is reported. The three lasers, with their mirror faces antireflection coated, are operated in external optical cavity built of spherical lenses and plane mirrors. The spatially coherent beam formation makes use of the Fourier transformation property of the internal lenses. The transverse mode control is performed by a spatial filter. The optical peak power at room temperature of the device was measured to be 5 W, three times the power of a single laser in the array. From the synthesized far−field distribution which was evaluated, we conclude that the laser radiation is of spatial coherence.
[Activity of short-lived suppressor lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis]. (1985)

Activity of short-lived suppressor lymphocytes was studied in 26 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, 14 patients had diverse systemic manifestations: rheumatoid nodules, polyneuropathy. Sjögren's syndrome, and Felty's syndrome. It was established that attenuation of the suppressor activity in rheumatoid arthritis is characteristic of patients with systemic manifestations, who show a high level of circulating immune complexes of rheumatoid factors. The most informative data were obtained as a result of the use of the suboptimal dose of Con A having suppressor activity.
PALLAS: a querying interface for pervasive computing using handheld devices (2004)

In this paper we describe PALLAS (PALm Logic-based Algebraic Search), a prototype architecture, design and implementation for a search interface on a portable digital assistant. PALLAS is part of the UbAgent, a middleware infrastructure that provides an efficient way of handling the back-end processing of Pervasive Computing: accessing information from distributed databases, computation processing, and location specific services. The goal of the PALLAS' design is to offer the flexibility of advanced searches by exploiting the metadata and inferencing capabilities of the semantic web, whilst maintaining ease-of-use to a level such that it would be accessible to an end-user without expansive technical knowledge, much like the typical users of the world-wide web today. A prototype of PALLAS have been developed and tested for the PALM OS. The pervasive computing test bed used was the UbAgent infrastructure.
A CCD comb filter IC for TV receivers (1980)

This paper will describe a CCD comb filter with a linear variable gain BCCD input structure, automatic CCD input and output biasing and 10.7MHz on-chip clock drivers.
Atomic Layer Deposition of NiO by the Ni(thd)<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O Precursor Combination (2009)

Abstract Polycrystalline nickel oxide is deposited on SiO 2 substrates by alternating pulses of bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dionato)nickel(II) (Ni(thd) 2 ) and H 2 O. The deposition process shows atomic layer deposition (ALD) characteristics with respect to the saturation behavior of the two precursors at deposition temperatures up to 275 °C. The growth of nickel oxide is shown to be highly dependent on surface hydroxide groups, and a large excess of H 2 O is required to achieve saturation. Throughout the deposition temperature range the amount of carbon in the film, originating from the metal precursor ligand, is in the range 1–2%. Above 275 °C ALD growth behavior is lost in favor of thermal decomposition of the metal precursor. The initial nucleation process is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reveals nucleation of well‐separated grains which coalesce to a continuous film after about 250 ALD cycles.
A new Fourier transform algorithm for value-at-risk (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a new Fourier method for computing value-at-risk for a portfolio with derivatives and for return models with fat tails. The new method does not assume that the characteristic function for the return model is known explicitly. We define a class of admissible models for returns and present statistical evidence that supports our approach. We discuss the details of the algorithm. The paper concludes with two applications of value-at-risk. Both examples illustrate the effect that changes in the models for portfolio value and for risk factor returns have on the value-at-risk surface.
Roles of TRAF6 in Central Nervous System (2018)

Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor (TRAF) is an important binding protein of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily and the toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) superfamily, which play an important role in innate immunity and acquired immunity. TRAFs family have 7 members (TRAF1-7), and TRAF6 has its special facture and biological function. TRAF6 has two special domains: C-terminal domain and N-terminal domain, which could integrate with multiple kinases and regulate signaling pathway function as an E3 ubiquitin ligase. Studies have increasingly found that TRAF6 is closely related to central nervous system diseases, such as stroke, Traumatic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases and neuropathic pain. Further research on the pathophysiological mechanism may be expected to become the new targets for the treatment of central nervous system diseases.
Small RNAs in plants: recent development and application for crop improvement (2015)

The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) which involves sequence-specific gene regulation by small non-coding RNAs, i.e., small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA) has emerged as one of most powerful approaches for crop improvement. RNAi based on siRNA is one of the widely used tools of reverse genetics which aid in revealing gene functions in many species. This technology has been extensively applied to alter the gene expression in plants with an aim to achieve desirable traits. RNAi has been used for enhancing the crop yield and productivity by manipulating the gene involved in biomass, grain yield and enhanced shelf life of fruits and vegetables. It has also been applied for developing resistance against various biotic (bacteria, fungi, viruses, nematodes, insects) and abiotic stresses (drought, salinity, cold, etc.). Nutritional improvements of crops have also been achieved by enriching the crops with essential amino acids, fatty acids, antioxidants and other nutrients beneficial for human health or by reducing allergens or anti-nutrients. microRNAs are key regulators of important plant processes like growth, development, and response to various stresses. In spite of similarity in size (20-24 nt), miRNA differ from siRNA in precursor structures, pathway of biogenesis, and modes of action. This review also highlights the miRNA based genetic modification technology where various miRNAs/artificial miRNAs and their targets can be utilized for improving several desirable plant traits. microRNA based strategies are much efficient than siRNA-based RNAi strategies due to its specificity and less undesirable off target effects. As per the FDA guidelines, small RNA (sRNA) based transgenics are much safer for consumption than those over-expressing proteins. This review thereby summarizes the emerging advances and achievement in the field of sRNAs and its application for crop improvement.
Automated Full-System Power Characterization (2011)

A new framework automatically generates full-system multicore powermarks, or synthetic programs with desired power characteristics on multicore server platforms. The framework constructs full-system power models with error bounds on the power estimates and guides the design of energy-efficient and cost-efficient server and data center infrastructures.
Magnetic tunnel junctions with lowMs free layers (2004)

An amorphous soft magnet such as CoZrNb was considered as a free layer of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) for high-density MRAMs. The MTJs exhibited a tunnel magnetoresistance (MR) of about 7.5% as the free layer thickness ranged from 2 to 15 nm. When CoFe filtering was added in the free layer, the MR ratio reached 35%. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Efficiency of Peroxides for Curing Silicone Elastomers (1993)

Abstract Peroxides are preferred for heat curing vinylmethylsilicone (VMQ) elastomers because the free-radical-initiated crosslink does not reduce the inherent stability of the polymer. The objectives of this work were (1) to obtain information on the relationship between peroxide concentration and the physical properties of heat-cured silicone elastomers, and (2) to explain the suspected difference in efficiency of two peroxides, α,α′-di( tert -butylperoxy)- m/p -diisopropylbenzene (DBPIB) and 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di( tert -butylperoxy)hexane (DBPH). VMQ bases and gums were cured with DBPIB and DBPH over a range of peroxide concentrations. Higher tensile modulus and higher delta torque (oscillating disk rheometer data) were observed when curing with DBPIB over the entire concentration range. This indicates that DBPIB produces a higher crosslink density than DBPH at equivalent molar concentrations. A series of calculations were performed, using computational chemistry techniques, to gain insight into the reason for the observed difference in crosslinking efficiency between DBPIB and DBPH. These calculations show that DBPIB is not more efficient than DBPH in abstracting hydrogen from the methyl groups of sihcone elastomers. The predominant cause for the difference in efficiency is related to the stability of the DBPH free radical. This radical is formed from hydrogen abstraction at the central ethylene moiety of DBPH by neighboring peroxy fragments. Therefore, DBPH is more susceptible to hydrogen abstraction, which consumes radicals in nonproductive (noncrosslinking) pathways This difference in peroxide efficiency may apply to other polymers.
Prevention and management of urosepsis triggered by ureteroscopy (2018)

Urosepsis is a potentially life-threatening phenomenon that may occur after an ureteroscopic procedure. With the increasingly widespread adoption of ureteroscopy, there is a concern that the rates of urosepsis may increase. This review examines the current work being undertaken to minimize postprocedure infections both in the field of device development and in clinical care. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of urosepsis will be discussed.
Evaluation of Statistical Fracture Criteria for Magnesium Fluoride Seeker Domes. (1980)

Four statistical fracture theories are applied to the problem of infrared dome fracture in an aerodynamic heating environment. Theoretical fracture predictions are compared with time-to-fracture data obtained for full-scale magnesium fluoride domes in an aerodynamic heating environment. The surface-distributed flaw theory of Batdorf proves to yield the most accurate predictions of the probability of dome fracture.
Emotion recognition and emotion based classification of audio using genetic algorithm - an optimized approach (2015)

Music information retrieval (MIR) is one of the vast areas of research and it is gaining more and more attention from researchers, as well as from the music developing community. Music can be classified throughout many dimensions such as genre, mood, instrument, artists, etc. Emotion based (Mood-based) music classification is also carried out by researchers for understanding Physiological and Psychological effects of music on human mood and body. There are number of applications of Music classification such as Audio finger printing, copyright monitoring, etc. This paper explains an optimized approach for emotion detection from audio and classifies it among eight emotions. Also, provides an overview of popular algorithms, models and various techniques involved in mood-based music classification. Different mood-based music classification methods are compared with each other and their relative advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Arousal-Valence method for emotion recognition is used for music emotion detection. Some pitfalls and limitations of the existing systems are investigated. Then, a model is proposed for optimal music classification based on mood / emotion. Basically, it tries to optimize the current system by overcoming some of its short falls, such as, high computation time and low accuracy. Here, genetic algorithm is used for optimal feature selection. Thus, the average computation time for classification is reduced for large dataset.
Operational Conditions and Improvement Methods of Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants under Low Temperatures in Northern China (2010)

The minimum temperature in winter is under -30oC in the northern hilly regions. It is harmful for the municipal wastewater treatment in winter. According to previous reports, the effects caused by the low-temperature in municipal wastewater treatment plant are summarized, and improvements are put forward. Improving the efficiencies of municipal wastewater treatment is essential and significant in the northern hilly regions.