gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of port-wine stains: analysis. (1987)

Port-wine stains (PWS) are bluish red skin stains that are caused by enlarged, ectatic blood vessels in the dermis. Laser treatment of PWS is analyzed from computation of the spatial distribution of heat production by direct absorption of the laser light and subsequent heat conduction. The absorption and scattering caused by oxyhemoglobin, epidermis, and dermis as a function of wavelength are utilized in this analysis. Ideal treatment is defined as coagulating the ectatic blood vessels without irreversible damage to the epidermis and dermis. The analysis shows that a millisecond pulsed, yellow dye laser at 577 nm (one of the large absorption bands in blood) is the laser of choice to treat PWS, offering as close to the "ideal treatment" as possible. The blue-green argon laser, which is currently the most frequently used laser for this purpose, is strongly recommended with irradiation times in milliseconds. Other lasers that are in clinical use, such as the red ruby and near-infrared Nd-YAG lasers, can provide selective treatment only when the epidermis is cooled concurrently. The CO2 laser, on the other hand, can coagulate the blood vessels only through heat conduction from the hot epidermis; hence, it has neither the treatment selectivity nor any other physical option to force this selectivity.
Intermittent‐Contact Heterodyne Force Microscopy (2009)

Heterodyne Force Microscopy opens up a way to monitor nanoscale events with high temporal sensitivity from the quasistatic cantilever mechanical‐diode response taking advantage of the beat effect. Here, a novel heterodyne ultrasonic force method is proposed, in which the cantilever is driven in amplitude‐modulation mode, at its fundamental flexural eigenmode. Ultrasonic vibration in the megahertz range is additionally input at the tip‐sample contact from the cantilever base and from the back of the sample. The ultrasonic frequencies are chosen in such a way that their difference is coincident with the second cantilever eigenmode. In the presence of ultrasound, cantilever vibration at the difference frequency is detected. Similarly as in heterodyne force microscopy, it is expected that the phase response yields information with increased sensitivity due to the beat effect.
Adult Musicians' Perceived and Measured Pulmonary Function (2009)

The research questions for this study were 1) what was the measured pulmonary function of a group of senior adult musicians, and 2) was there a perceived and measured difference between senior adult musicians' pulmonary function scores before and after a rehearsal? The participants in this study were 57 adult musicians in two senior citizen bands in north Texas. Participants completed spirometry tests administered before and after band rehearsals on two occasions to ascertain repeated pulmonary function scores. Results showed that the participants were able to complete the spirometry task at the most basic level. On most pulmonary function measures, younger participants, males, and non-smokers tended to have higher scores. Seven percent of the participants perceived short-term increases in breath capacity after participating in a given rehearsal, and 35% of the participants perceived increases in breath capacity since joining the band. No statistically significant difference between the mean pulmonary function scores were found before and after rehearsal. Implications are addressed concerning the issues related to the measurement and pedagogy of adult music making.
Essential Biochemistry and Physiology of (NT-pro)BNP (2004)

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) is a 32 amino acid cardiac natriuretic peptide hormone originally isolated from porcine brain tissue. The human BNP gene is located on chromosome 1 and encodes the prohormone proBNP. The biologically active BNP and the remaining part of the prohormone, NT-proBNP (76 amino acids) can be measured by immunoassay in human blood. Cardiac myocytes constitute the major source of BNP related peptides. The main stimulus for peptide synthesis and secretion is myocyte stretch. Recently, cardiac fibroblasts have also been shown to produce BNP. Other neurohormones may stimulate cardiac BNP production in different cardiac cell types. In contrast to atrial natriuretic peptides (ANP/NT-proANP), which originate mainly from atrial tissue, BNP related peptides are produced mainly from ventricular myocytes. Ventricular (NT-pro)BNP production is strongly upregulated in cardiac failure and locally in the area surrounding a myocardial infarction. In peripheral organs BNP binds to the natriuretic peptide receptor type A causing increased intracellular cGMP production. The biological effects include diuresis, vasodilatation, inhibition of renin and aldosterone production and of cardiac and vascular myocyte growth. In mice BNP gene knockout leads to cardiac fibrosis, gene over-expression to hypotension and bone malformations. BNP is cleared from plasma through binding to the natriuretic peptide clearance receptor type C, but it seems relatively resistant to proteolysis by neutral endopeptidase NEP 24.11. Clearance mechanisms for NT-proBNP await further study. While the plasma concentration of NT-proBNP and BNP is approximately equal in normal controls, NT-proBNP plasma concentration is 2-10 times higher than BNP in patients with heart failure. This relative change in peptide levels may be explained by shifts in cardiac secretion and/or clearance mechanisms.
COMPOUNDS OF MANGANOUS CHLORIDE WITH HETEROCYCLIC BASES AND SECONDARY AND TERTIARY AMINES (1958)

The complex compounds of manganese have been prepared by the action of manganous chloride on some heterocyclic bases and secondary arid tertiary amines in alcoholic medium.
Protein structure change studied by hydrogen-deuterium exchange, functional labeling, and mass spectrometry (2003)

An automated high-throughput, high-resolution deuterium exchange HPLC-MS method (DXMS) was used to extend previous hydrogen exchange studies on the position and energetic role of regulatory structure changes in hemoglobin. The results match earlier highly accurate but much more limited tritium exchange results, extend the analysis to the entire sequence of both hemoglobin subunits, and identify some energetically important changes. Allosterically sensitive amide hydrogens located at near amino acid resolution help to confirm the reality of local unfolding reactions and their use to evaluate resolved structure changes in terms of allosteric free energy.
A 50Gb/s Hybrid Integrated Si-Photonic Optical Link in 16nm FinFET (2019)

This work presents an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) based single-mode 50Gb/s NRZ optical link in 16nm FinFET. The TX uses T-coil based over-peaking to improve modulation efficiency and relax TIA's bandwidth and noise requirement. The RX uses a 3-stage TIA with T-coils to improve BW. The link sensitivity is -10.9dBm OMA at BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and it consumes 4.31pJ/bit at 50Gb/s with 2dB link margin.
MAC layer retransmissions in 1XTREME (2003)

We study the joint reliability as offered by the medium access control (MAC) and the radio link protocol (RLP) in CDMA systems, particularly for 1XTREME. The retransmission mechanism in the RLP has considerable amount of delay associated with it which might not be able to sustain real-time communications with strict delay requirements. Retransmissions done at a lower layer, such as the MAC, enhances the performance of the system. We show how the performance varies with respect to delay and throughput as observed from the RLP, for finite number of retransmissions at the MAC. We find that there is a substantial gain in the performance with the incorporation of fast retransmissions at the MAC. Synthetically generated HTTP traffic was used as the application, the objects of which were fragmented into equal sized RLP frames. We consider an I-path Rayleigh fading channel with correlated errors. We also consider that soft packet combining at the receiver is supported, which effectively lowers the frame error rate (FER). Simulation experiments are conducted to verify the performance as offered by the MAC and the RLP.
The Microbial Metabolism of Methanol Part II (1972)

With the crystalline preparation of alcohol oxidase of Kloeckera sp. No. 2201 grown on methanol as a sole carbon source, some properties of the enzyme were investigated. The visible absorption spectrum showed maxima at 373mμ, 392mμ and 461mμ, t which were bleached by an addition of substrate and were restored by oxygenation. The prosthetic group was identified to be FAD. The enzyme was unstable in acidic pH and higher temperature. The optima of pH and temperature for enzyme activity were pH 8.0 and 35°C, respectively. The Km values were 1.25×10-3M for methanol and 2.5×10-3M for ethanol. The enzyme oxidized lower primary alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and hydrogen peroxide.
LOW LEVEL LASER THERAPY IS INEFFECTIVE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIC FINGER JOINTS (1994)

Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a relatively new and increasingly popular form of electrotherapy. It is used by physiotherapists in the treatment of a wide variety of conditions including RA despite the lack of scientific evidence to support its efficacy. A randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT. The patient sample consisted of chronic RA patients with active finger joint synovitis. Forty RA patients with involvement of some or all of MCP or PIP joints were recruited. Following random allocation they received either active or placebo laser three times a week for 4 weeks. Measurements were taken prior to entry, after the treatment, 1 month and 3 months at follow-up. The groups were well matched in terms of age, sex, disease duration and severity. Few significant differences were noted in grip strength, duration of morning stiffness, joint tenderness, temperature of inflamed joints, range of movement or pain either within or between groups. Using these irradiation parameters the efficacy of LLLT is ineffective.
Energy characteristics of beam-plasma interaction in a closed volume (2012)

Energy exchange between an electron beam and plasma during a beam-plasma discharge in a closed cavity excited by the electron beam is analyzed using computer simulations by the KARAT code. A method allowing one to analyze the beam-plasma interaction in the quasi-steady stage of the discharge is proposed. Qualitative characteristics of energy exchange (such as beam energy losses and the energy distributions of beam electrons and plasma particles leaving the discharge) both during spontaneous discharge excitation and in the presence of initial beam modulation by regular or noiselike signals are determined. The results obtained enable one to estimate the energy characteristics of a plasma processing reactor based on a beam-plasma discharge.
Unitary Triangularization of a Nonsymmetric Matrix (1958)

article Free Access Share on Unitary Triangularization of a Nonsymmetric Matrix Author: Alston S. Householder Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TennesseeView Profile Authors Info & Claims Journal of the ACMVolume 5Issue 4Oct. 1958 pp 339–342https://doi.org/10.1145/320941.320947Published:01 October 1958Publication History 378citation2,789DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations378Total Downloads2,789Last 12 Months212Last 6 weeks33 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Thiazolothiazole Fluorophores Exhibiting Strong Fluorescence and Viologen-Like Reversible Electrochromism (2017)

The synthesis, electrochemical, and photophysical characterization of N,N'-dialkylated and N,N'-dibenzylated dipyridinium thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole derivatives are reported. The thiazolothiazole viologens exhibit strong blue fluorescence with high quantum yields between 0.8-0.96. The dioctyl, dimethyl, and dibenzyl derivatives also show distinctive and reversible yellow to dark blue electrochromism at low reduction potentials. The fused bicyclic thiazolo[5,4-d]thiazole heterocycle allows the alkylated pyridinium groups to remain planar, strongly affecting their electrochemical properties. The singlet quantum yield is greatly enhanced with quaternarization of the peripheral 4-pyridyl groups (Φ<sub>F</sub> increases from 0.22 to 0.96) while long-lived fluorescence lifetimes were observed between 1.8-2.4 ns. The thiazolothiazole viologens have been characterized using cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible absorbance and fluorescence spectroscopy, spectroelectrochemistry, and time-resolved photoluminescence. The electrochromic properties observed in solution, in addition to their strong fluorescent emission properties, which can be suppressed upon 2 e<sup>-</sup> reduction, make these materials attractive for multifunctional optoelectronic, electron transfer sensing, and other photochemical applications.
Molecular cloning of the Pseudomonas carboxypeptidase G2 gene and its expression in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida (1983)

The gene coding for carboxypeptidase G2 was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16 into Escherichia coli W5445 by inserting Sau3A-generated DNA fragments into the BamHI site of pBR322. The plasmid isolated, pNM1, was restriction mapped, and the position of the gene on the 5.8-megadalton insert was pinpointed by subcloning. The expression of carboxypeptidase in E. coli was 100-fold lower than in the Pseudomonas sp. strain. When the cloned gene was subcloned into the Pseudomonas vector pKT230 and introduced into Pseudomonas putida 2440, a 30-fold increase in expression over that obtained in E. coli was observed. High expression (up to 5% soluble protein) was obtained in E. coli by subcloning a 3.1-megadalton Bg/II fragment into the BamHI site of pAT153. The increased expression was orientation dependent and is presumed to be due to transcriptional readthrough from the Tc promoter of the vector. Production of carboxypeptidase was shown to be induced (two-fold) by the presence of folic acid, and the mature protein was shown to be located in the periplasmic space of E. coli.
Chemical Surface Treatments of Natural Rubber and EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers: Effects on Friction and Adhesion (1994)

Abstract Natural rubber thermoplastic elastomers (NRTPEs) made by dynamic vulcanization of natural rubber during its mixing with polypropylene were subjected to various halogenation surface treatments. Marked reduction in the coefficient of friction is possible depending on the chemical treatment employed, TPE composition and the presence of a lubricant. As a result of halogenation there is an increase in the microroughness and hardness of the NRTPE surface. These effects in part explain the large decrease in the friction coefficients since the contact area is decreased. Thus NRTPE can be employed in applications requiring low friction, such as certain types of seals. Another consequence of halogenation of NRTPE is the increase in its surface energy which in turn promotes adhesion to various polar substrates. Indeed it was determined that halogenation of NETPE is an effective way of priming the surface of these materials for adhesion to acrylic and other substrates. Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer rubber-Polypropylene thermoplastic elastomers (EPTPEs) were used as a control in this study to assess how a low unsaturation EPDM-based TPE compares with the high unsaturation NRTPEs in different halogenation surface treatments.
HYDROSTATIC WEIGHING WITH HEAD ABOVE WATER IN OBESE AFRICAN AMERICANS: A VALIDATION STUDY 1161 (1996)

Hydrostatic weighing with head above water (HWhaw) allows estimation of body density (Db) in individuals who are unwilling to perform full submersion. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of HWhaw in obese African American utilizing Db formulas validated in a non-obese population (Donnelly et al., 1988). Twenty-seven subjects(47±1 yr, mean±SE), 22 females (45±1%fat) and 5 males(35±1%fat), performed HWhaw at total lung capacity, and hydrostatic weighing fully submerged (HW). HW was performed at partial lung capacity to minimize the subjects' anxiety of performing a maximal exhalation during full submersion. Residual volumes were determined by oxygen dilution. Vital capacity was measured by spirometry. Subjects performed 5 trials using each method. Paired t-tests indicated that HWhaw overestimated Db relative to HW in women (1.009±0.001 vs. 0.996±0.001 g/cc, p<0.01) and men (1.058±0.031 vs. 1.017±0.003 g/cc, p<0.05). When these data were translated to%fat via the Brozek et al. equation, HWhaw underestimated%fat by 6.2±0.4 and 3.3±0.8 units for women and men, respectively (p<0.01). Despite these differences, the correlation coefficient for Db between methods was significant for women(r=0.81, p<0.01), suggesting a sensitivity to inter-individual variation in Db. No correlation was observed for men, likely due to the small sample size. In conclusion, HWhaw equations developed in a non-obese population systematically overestimated Db in the obese. HWhaw however, is a promising method that will be quite useful if population-specific equations are developed.
Metabolic syndrome and obesity in an insect (2006)

Dragonflies infected with noninvasive gregarine gut parasites (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinorida) [corrected] have reduced flight-muscle performance, an inability to metabolize lipid in their muscles, twofold-elevated hemolymph carbohydrate concentrations, and they accumulate fat in their thorax in a manner analogous to mammalian obesity. Gregarine infection is associated with inappropriate responses of hemolymph carbohydrate concentration to insulin and with chronic activation in the flight muscles of p38 MAP kinase, a signaling molecule involved in immune and stress responses. Short-term exposure to gregarine excretory/secretory products caused elevated blood carbohydrate and p38 MAPK activation in healthy individuals. These characteristics comprise a set of symptoms and processes that are known in mammals as metabolic syndrome but which have not previously been described in other animal taxa. In addition to expanding the known taxonomic breadth of metabolic disease, these results indicate that insects may be useful experimental models for studying its underlying biology and mechanisms.
Continuous hypoxia regulates the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells in a time-dependent manner (2014)

The effects of hypoxia on the osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been previously reported. From these studies, possible factors affecting the association between hypoxia and the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs have been suggested, including hypoxia severity, cell origin and methods of induction. The effect of the duration of hypoxia, however, remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of continuous hypoxia on the induced osteogenesis of MSCs. Rat MSCs were isolated and cultured in vitro. Once the cells had been cultured to passage three, they were switched to 1% oxygen and cultured either with or without osteogenic medium, while cells in the control groups were cultured under normoxia in corresponding conditions. Four osteogenic differentiation biomarkers, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase, were analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting at defined intervals throughout the culture period. In addition, Alizarin Red staining was used to assess changes in mineralization. The results showed that 1% hypoxia was able to enhance and accelerate the osteogenic ability of the MSCs during the initial phases of differentiation, and the protein expression of certain associated biomarkers was upregulated. However, continuous hypoxia was shown to impair osteogenesis in the latter stages of differentiation. These findings suggest that hypoxia can regulate the osteogenesis of MSCs in a time-dependent manner.
Inhibition of murine leukaemia virus retrotranscription by the intracellular expression of a phage-derived anti-reverse transcriptase antibody fragment. (1997)

The intracellular targeting of recombinant antibodies is an experimental strategy to interfere with the function of selected molecules that is being utilized in a variety of different systems for research and medical applications. Since recombinant antibodies are increasingly being derived from phage display libraries, we have exploited phage technology to isolate, from a large combinatorial library, human antibody fragments directed against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). We describe in this paper the in vitro and in vivo properties of a neutralizing anti-RT antibody fragment. We demonstrate that the heavy chain domain (VH-CH1) of the phage-derived antibody is able to inhibit the retroviral enzyme, in that it neutralizes the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity of HIV-1 RT. The VH-CH1 antibody fragment also neutralizes the activity of RT of drug-resistant HIV-1 mutants as well as that of murine retrovirus RT. To confirm the broad reactivity of the synthetic antibody fragment, we have assessed the ability of the intracellularly expressed VH-CH1 protein to interfere with murine retroviral infection. To this end, we developed an in vivo selection procedure based on the antibody-mediated resistance to a cytotoxic retrovirus and used this selection procedure to rescue, from a heterogeneous population, cells expressing the VH-CH1 antibody fragment. We finally demonstrate that the intracellular expression of the recombinant heavy chain antibody fragment leads to an efficient inhibition of viral retrotranscription by murine-based retrovirus.
Pituitary function and DHEA-S in male acne and DHEA-S, prolactin and cortisol before and after oral contraceptive treatment in female acne (1986)

Pituitary function (TRH-LHRH stimulation test) was investigated in male acne patients and serum levels of dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S), sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and other biochemical parameters were investigated in male acne patients and in female acne patients before and after treatment with an oral contraceptive. The TRH-LHRH stimulation test was performed with 15 male patients suffering from severe cystic acne and 7 healthy volunteers. Basal and stimulated prolactin, LH and FSH levels were statistically similar in the patients and control groups. However, the stimulated LH levels of the patients were 60% higher than those in controls. SHBG levels were significantly) higher in the patient group compared to those in the control group. Thirty-three female acne patients were randomly divided into two groups and treated for six months with an oral contraceptive containing 0.030 mg ethinylestradiol (EE) plus 0.150 mg levonorgestrel or 0.150 mg levonorgestrel. After six months' treatment a 30% decrease in DHEA-S levels were observed in the desogestrel/EE group and a 15% decrease in the levonorgestrel/EE group; the difference was not statistically significant. At the same time serum total cortisol increased by 75-100% and free testosterone fell by 30-40% in both groups, whereas SHBG elevated 250% in the desogestrel/EE group and 30% in the levonorgestrel/EE group. Acne improved significantly in both groups, desogestrel/EE showing greater improvement. A decrease in SHBG and increase in DHEA-S levels appear to be the most common hormonal changes in acne. Oral contraceptive treatment induces an increase in SHBG and decrease in DHEA-S and also improves acne.