gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The RNaseIII enzyme <i>Dicer</i> is required for morphogenesis but not patterning of the vertebrate limb (2005)

The RNaseIII-containing enzyme Dicer is believed to be required for the processing of most, if not all, microRNAs (miRNAs) and for processing long dsRNA into small interfering RNAs. Because the complete loss of Dicer in both zebrafish and mice results in early embryonic lethality, it has been impossible to determine what role, if any, Dicer has in patterning later tissues in the developing vertebrate embryo. To bypass the early requirement of Dicer in development, we have created a conditional allele of this gene in mice. Using transgenes to drive Cre expression in discrete regions of the limb mesoderm, we find that removal of Dicer results in the loss of processed miRNAs. Phenotypically, developmental delays, in part due to massive cell death as well as disregulation of specific gene expression, lead to the formation of a much smaller limb. Thus, Dicer is required for the formation of normal mouse limbs. Strikingly, however, we did not detect defects in basic patterning or in tissue-specific differentiation of Dicer-deficient limb buds.
Occupational hazards of the rural psychotherapist (2009)

This chapter discusses three areas of potential difficulty for rural psychotherapists: adjusting to and gaining acceptance by the community, learning to cope with the rural physical and social environments themselves, and working out the sometimes intricate boundary problems that exist at the personal/community interface. Six stages of integration into rural communities are posited. During the adjustment period, practitioners first deny differences existing in the rural area, then overestimate their ability to successfully integrate. Next they either overidentify with their neighbors, or reject all rural ways. Realizing their strategy is not working, they decide to leave, or to change. If they stay, they can go on to create a workable balance between community pressures and professional and personal values.
Targeted Deletion of Somatotroph Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Signaling in a Cell-Specific Knockout Mouse Model (2010)

The role of IGF-I in the negative regulation of GH expression and release is demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo models; however, the targets and mechanisms of IGF-I remain unclear. We have developed a cell-specific knockout mouse in which the IGF-I receptor was ablated from the somatotroph in order to validate and characterize IGF-I negative regulation; we termed this the somatotroph IGF-I receptor knockout (SIGFRKO) mouse. The SIGFRKO mice demonstrated increased GH gene expression and secretion as well as increased serum IGF-I. Compensatory changes were noted with decreased GHRH and increased somatostatin mRNA expression levels. SIGFRKO mice had normal linear growth, but by 14 wk of age weighed significantly less than controls. Furthermore, metabolic studies revealed SIGFRKO mice had significantly less fat mass and body percent fat. These data support somatotroph IGF-I negative regulation and suggest that hypothalamic feedback limits the extent of GH release. The SIGFRKO mouse is a model delineating the mechanisms of IGF-I regulation in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis and demonstrates compensatory mechanisms that mediate growth and metabolic function in mammals.
High breakdown voltage Schottky barrierdiode using <i>p</i> <sup>+</sup> -polycrystalline silicondiffused guard ring (1995)

A new Schottky diode structure which uses the p+-polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) diffused guard ring is proposed. The diode gives nearly ideal J-V characteristics with a high reverse breakdown voltage (148 V) and a low reverse leakage current density (8.4 µA/cm2).
Statistical neuroanatomy of the human inferior frontal gyrus and probabilistic atlas in a standard stereotaxic space (2006)

We manually defined the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) on high-resolution MRIs in native space in 30 healthy subjects (15 female, median age 31 years; 15 male, median age 30 years), resulting in 30 individual atlases. Using standard software (SPM99), these were spatially transformed to a widely used stereotaxic space (MNI/ICBM 152) to create probabilistic maps. In native space, the total IFG volume was on average 5%, and the gray matter (GM) portion 12% larger in women (not significant). Expressed as a percentage of ipsilateral frontal lobe volume (i.e., correcting for brain size), the IFG was an average of 20%, and the GM portion of the IFG 27%, larger in women (P < 0.005). Correcting for total lobar volume yielded the same result. No asymmetry was found in IFG volumes. There were significant positional differences between the right and left IFGs, with the right IFG being further lateral in both native and stereotaxic space. Variability was similar on the left and right, but more pronounced anteriorly and superiorly. We show differences in IFG volume, composition, and position between sexes and between hemispheres. Applications include probabilistic determination of location in group studies, automatic labeling of new scans, and detection of anatomical abnormalities in patients.
Magnetic Properties of Barium Ferrite Formed by Crystallization of a Glass (1970)

A glass with composition 0.265 B 2 O 3 ‐0.405 BaO‐0.33 Fe 2 O 3 (mole ratio) was prepared by a fast‐quenching technique. When it is heat‐treated, this glass exsolves up to ∼45 wt% BaFe 12 O 19 as the only magnetic phase. Magnetic measurements of glasses heated at various temperatures show that superparamagnetic, single‐domain, or multidomain magnetic behavior is present, depending on the thermal history. The volume of a typical superparamagnetic particle (calculated from the magnetic data) is equivalent to that of a sphere 47 Å in diameter. The intrinsic coercive forces of two heat‐treated glasses were independent of temperature at high levels of H ci (2600 and 2900 Oe) from 77° to 300°K. Another heat‐treated glass has an H ci of 5350 Oe at 300°K. Apparently, the coherent rotation model of Stoner and Wohlfarth describes the magnetic behavior of BaFe 12 O 19 very well. The single‐domain critical size for BaFe 12 O 19 was ∼0.5 μm. An attractive feature of this system is that the BaFe 12 O 19 powder can be recovered from the barium‐borate‐rich matrix by leaching with a weak acid.
Artificial Control of Cell Signaling and Growth by Magnetic Nanoparticles (2010)

Magnetic attraction: Artificial control of cell activities is achieved by nanoscale magneto-activated cellular signaling (N-MACS), in which magnetic nanoparticles are selectively linked to cell surface receptors and aggregated by an external magnetic field. Such mechanocellular activation induces downstream cell signaling and initiates tubulogenesis in the preangiogenesis stage of endothelial cells (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Cattle selected for lower residual feed intake have reduced daily methane production1,2 (2007)

Seventy-six Angus steers chosen from breeding lines divergently selected for residual feed intake (RFI) were studied to quantify the relationship between RFI and the daily rate of methane production (MPR). A 70-d feeding test using a barley-based ration was conducted in which the voluntary DMI, feeding characteristics, and BW of steers were monitored. The estimated breeding value (EBV) for RFI (RFI(EBV)) for each steer had been calculated from 70-d RFI tests conducted on its parents. Methane production rate (g/d) was measured on each steer using SF(6) as a tracer gas in a series of 10-d measurement periods. Daily DMI of steers was lower during the methane measurement period than when methane was not being measured (11.18 vs. 11.88 kg; P = 0.001). A significant relationship existed between MPR and RFI when RFI (RFI(15d)) was estimated over the 15 d when steers were harnessed for methane collection (MPR = 13.3 x RFI(15d) + 179; r(2) = 0.12; P = 0.01). Animals expressing lower RFI had lower daily MPR. The relationship established between MPR and RFI(15d) was used to calculate a reduction in daily methane emission of 13.38 g accompanied a 1 kg/d reduction in RFI(EBV) in cattle consuming ad libitum a diet of 12.1 MJ of ME/kg. The magnitude of this emission reduction was between that predicted on the basis of intake reduction alone (18 g x d(-1) x kg of DMI(-1)) and that predicted by a model incorporating steer midtest BW and level of intake relative to maintenance (5 g x d(-1) x kg of DMI(-1)). Comparison of data from steers exhibiting the greatest (n = 10) and lowest (n = 10) RFI(15d) showed the low RFI(15d) group to not only have lower MPR (P = 0.017) but also reduced methane cost of growth (by 41.2 g of CH(4)/kg of ADG; P = 0.09). Although the opportunity to abate livestock MPR by selection against RFI seems great, RFI explained only a small proportion of the observed variation in MPR. A genotype x nutrition interaction can be anticipated, and the MPR:RFI(EBV) relationship will need to be defined over a range of diet types to account for this.
SIXPack a Graphical User Interface for XAS Analysis Using IFEFFIT (2005)

SIXPack (Sam's Interface for XAS analysis Package), a graphical user interface that allows users simple manipulation and analysis of data, is presented. The modules of SIXPack allow users to: (1) load, calibrate, and average raw data files; (2) perform background subtractions; (3) perform principal component analysis and target transforms; (4) perform least squares fitting of data to standards and functions; (5) perform EXAFS fitting to FEFF phase and amplitude files; (6) create single scattering FEFF phase and amplitude files using a periodic table interface. Novel features of the program allow for the fitted correction of XANES spectra due to self-absorption effects in unknown matrices, which is particularly useful for analysis of geochemical and environmental systems. The core of the XAS analysis routine uses IFEFFIT. SIXPack is developed in Python, is installable across many operating systems and platforms, and is freely available with an Open Source license.
The Pavilion of Light, Mardyke Gardens, Fitzgerald Park, Cork (2015)

This paper describes the lighting design and rationale for the Mardyke Garden project. It is realised through accentuating the historic buildings and integrating the local biodiversity issues such as the park’s bat population. Many new modern structures have been added to this historic park such as a pavilion bandstand, called the “Pavilion of Light”, with colourchanging luminaries and in-ground, star-scape, fibreoptic lighting in the children’s play area.\nThis paper discusses the background behind the final lighting design and how integral elements such as the walkway bollards were designed so that bats would avoid the area involved, thereby sustaining their participation in the local ecology. Furthermore, the bandstand is now used as a reflector that not only changes the colour of the stage but as a projector into the sunken garden, synergising performance with the experience of patrons.\nAlso discussed will be how the lighting designer drew from localised landscaping in maximisinging optimal experience. Lighting controls are also discussed. Cork City Council can now manage this complex lighting design so that patron’s experiences can evolve based on multi-faceted elements such as season, event and even occasion.
Utilities Face Universal Concerns (2014)

Water professionals around the world share many concerns, among them addressing replacement or rehabilitation of aging system infrastructure, assessing the effects of climate change, and selecting the best meter type for their utility. They also share common goals, among them the desire to operate their utilities at optimal efficiency in order to provide their customers with the highest‐quality drinking water and sanitation services. In addition to these special international focus articles, this issue includes topics of interest to utility managers across the globe.
Electronic circuits, discrete and integrated (1979)

Electronic circuits, discrete and integrated , Electronic circuits, discrete and integrated , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
A Deep Generative Deconvolutional Image Model (2015)

A deep generative model is developed for representation and analysis of images, based on a hierarchical convolutional dictionary-learning framework. Stochastic {\em unpooling} is employed to link consecutive layers in the model, yielding top-down image generation. A Bayesian support vector machine is linked to the top-layer features, yielding max-margin discrimination. Deep deconvolutional inference is employed when testing, to infer the latent features, and the top-layer features are connected with the max-margin classifier for discrimination tasks. The model is efficiently trained using a Monte Carlo expectation-maximization (MCEM) algorithm, with implementation on graphical processor units (GPUs) for efficient large-scale learning, and fast testing. Excellent results are obtained on several benchmark datasets, including ImageNet, demonstrating that the proposed model achieves results that are highly competitive with similarly sized convolutional neural networks.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligonucleotide Analogues with Dimethylenesulfide, ‐sulfoxide, and ‐ sulfone Groups Replacing Phosphodiester Linkages (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Multiphase Timing-Skew Calibration Technique Using Zero-Crossing Detection (2008)

This paper describes a timing-skew calibration technique which equalizes the phase spacings among multiphase clocks. The scheme uses simple sample-and-hold circuits controlled by the multiphase clocks to sample a common reference input. Phase spacing is measured by counting the number of zero crossings between two adjacent sampling sequences. A zero-crossing detection scheme is proposed. It has better immunity against the offsets of the comparators used in the detector. A digital calibration processor is also proposed. It examines the outputs from the zero-crossing detectors, and then adjusts the delays of clock buffers in order to minimize timing skews. The proposed calibration scheme does not demand stringent requirement for the reference input. Its application to a eight-channel 6-b time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter is demonstrated.
Bridging the boundaries between applications: providing interactive interoperability for the end-user (2002)

YANUS is a frontend system directed at integrating database management systems and other software packages. YANUS offers a conceptual interface of data objects and operations, where the data objects correspond to data stored in a database and an operation corresponds to an operation in an underlying software package. A schema is used that determines the applicability of certain operations to certain data objects. To enable the user to apply operations to data objects in all cases where this application is allowed, the user interface is 'schema driven'. Knowledge about the schema is used to control and help the user in applying operations to data objects. So-called workspaces are used to give the user access to a restricted part of the data object space and a restricted cluster of operations. Other workspaces can be accessed in such a way that all allowed operations can be applied to all data objects. In this, the user does not have to transfer data explicitly, this being done automatically by YANUS. YANUS also provides for data transformation when necessary and invokes the operations. The integration is extensible, due to the knowledge based approach. A test-bed for the system is the integration of a package for interactive pattern analysis (ISPAHAN) with a DBMS (Ingres).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Approach to eradication of initial <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> infection in children with cystic fibrosis (2007)

The primary cause of morbidity and mortality in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) is the progression of obstructive lung disease secondary to chronic endobronchial infection, mainly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa). Initial Pa isolates are typically non-mucoid, usually susceptible to most anti-pseudomonal antibiotics, and potentially amenable to eradication. Preliminary studies of early intervention suggest a "window of opportunity" with anti-pseudomonal antibiotics to eradicate Pa from upper and lower airways. Several large trials in young children with CF are currently ongoing with the goals of (1) investigating if early intervention at the time of initial Pa acquisition is effective and safe and (2) identifying the least invasive and safest treatment regimen to achieve both microbiologic and clinical benefits.
Mechanical properties of cultured human airway smooth muscle cells from 0.05 to 0.4 Hz (2000)

We investigated the rheological properties of living human airway smooth muscle cells in culture and monitored the changes in rheological properties induced by exogenous stimuli. We oscillated small magnetic microbeads bound specifically to integrin receptors and computed the storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") from the applied torque and the resulting rotational motion of the beads as determined from their remanent magnetic field. Under baseline conditions, G' increased weakly with frequency, whereas G" was independent of the frequency. The cell was predominantly elastic, with the ratio of G" to G' (defined as eta) being approximately 0. 35 at all frequencies. G' and G" increased together after contractile activation and decreased together after deactivation, whereas eta remained unaltered in each case. Thus elastic and dissipative stresses were coupled during changes in contractile activation. G' and G" decreased with disruption of the actin fibers by cytochalasin D, but eta increased. These results imply that the mechanisms for frictional energy loss and elastic energy storage in the living cell are coupled and reside within the cytoskeleton.
Study on Intelligent Firewall System Combining Intrusion Detection and Egress Access Control (2010)

To satisfy the special needs of confidential networks, a protection method of combining ingress and egress access control for network boundary security is proposed. In preventing network attacks, a combined mechanism of packets filtering firewall and intrusion detection system based on artificial neural network and rule matching is implemented to increase the accuracy of intrusion detection. In preventing information leakage, techniques of identity authentication and content filtering are integrated into the mechanism of egress access control so that strategies with more flexibility in security auditing and access control can be implemented, which is effective to prevent the sensitive or secret data from leaking out and to trace the source of leakage.
Securing elasticity in the cloud (2010)

Elastic computing has great potential, but many security challenges remain.
Universal (Switchable) RAFT Agents (2009)

The polymerization of most monomers that are polymerizable by radical polymerization can be controlled by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) process. However, it is usually required that the RAFT agent be selected according to the types of monomer being polymerized. Thus, RAFT agents (dithioesters, trithiocarbonates) suitable for controlling polymerization of "more activated" monomers (MAMs; e.g., styrene, acrylates, methacrylates, etc.) tend to inhibit polymerization of "less activated" monomers (LAMs; e.g., vinyl acetate, N-vinylpyrrolidone, etc.). Similarly RAFT agents suitable for polymerizations of LAMs (xanthates, certain dithiocarbamates) tend to give little or poor control over polymerizations of MAMs. We now report a new class of "switchable" RAFT agents, N-(4-pyridinyl)-N-methyldithiocarbamates, that provide excellent control over polymerization of LAMs and, after addition of 1 equiv of a protic or Lewis acid, become effective in controlling polymerization of MAMs, allowing the synthesis of poly(MAM)-block-poly(LAM) with narrow molecular weight distributions.
Influence of rigid polymer matrices on the reversible photochemical reaction of α‐<i>p</i>‐dimethylaminophenyl‐<i>N</i>‐<i>m</i>‐nitrophenylnitrone (1976)

Abstract The thermally reversible photocyclization of α‐ p ‐dimethylaminophenyl‐ N ‐ m ‐nitrophenylnitrone (I) to the corresponding oxaziridine (II) was studied in solution and in rigid polymer matrices. Irradiation with light of wavelength above 380 nm causes a clean transformation of (I) to (II) in solution as well as in polymer matrices. The quantum yield of the photoreaction in solution is about 0.06, the value being almost independent of the nature of the solvent and the irradiation time. In poly‐(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and in polystyrene (PSt) films, the photocyclization shows initial quantum yields of 0.1 and 0.23, respectively, which decrease with irradiation time. In solution in the dark, II reverted mainly to I with formation of side product(s) in a first‐order reaction. The recovery of I during the dark reaction (60–90%) as well as the rate constant of the reaction are strongly affected by the solvent. The kinetics of the thermal return in the two polymer matrices does not follow the first‐order rate law. The initial reaction rate as well as the extent of the recovery of I in PMMA film are greater than those in ethyl acetate.
Reaction of ketenes with <i>N, N</i>‐disubstituted α‐aminomethyleneketones. XVI. Synthesis of <i>N, N</i>‐disubstituted 4‐amino‐5,6‐tetramethylene‐3‐phenyl‐2‐pyranones (1985)

Abstract 1,4‐Cycloaddition of phenylchloroketene (prepared in situ from α‐chlorophenylacetyl chloride and triethyl‐amine) to a number of N,N ‐disubstituted ( E )‐2‐aminomethylenecyclohexanones gave the corresponding adducts, namely N,N ‐disubstituted 4‐amino‐3‐chloro‐3,4,5,6,7,8‐hexahydro‐2 H ‐1‐benzopyran‐2‐ones III in the case of aliphatic N,N ‐disubstitution or aromatic N ‐monosubstitution. Purification of III was possible only in the case of IIIh (NR 2 = NMePh), therefore they were dehydrochlorinated in situ with DBN to give the title compounds in moderate overall yields.
The Relationship between Menstrual Cycle Phase and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (2006)

Phase of menstrual cycle may be one of the risk factors that influence knee ligament injury among female alpine skiers. The findings from this study should be considered in subsequent studies designed to identify persons at risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury and to develop intervention strategies.
Electrochemical Evaluation of LaNi5 − x Ge x Metal Hydride Alloys (1996)

We report a detailed evaluation of Ge-substituted LaNi_5 for electrochemical application as a negative electrode in alkaline rechargeable cells. Alloys with small substitutions of Ge for Ni show operating pressures, chargeability, cyclic lifetime, and kinetics for hydrogen absorption and desorption all superior to those found in many other substituted LaNi_5 alloys. These improved properties were achieved with a minimal reduction in hydrogen storage capacity. \n