gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tacking CCD: a new CCD concept (1991)

The tacking CCD is a new type of charge transport mechanism that is suitable for junction- and MOS-type CCDs. A specific form, the trenched tacking CCD (TTCCD), promises high pixel density and high charge handling capability per unit of surface area. The charge handling capability is improved by using a trench to increase the charge storage area. With the new design concept it becomes possible to put the gates entirely into trenches, while simultaneously using the trenches as channel stops. The TTCCD structure is suitable for making new types of solid-state image sensors with increased light sensitivity, and it may be possible to incorporate a vertical overflow drain. First samples of the TTCCD have been realized, and its functionality has been confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prolonged Defibrination After a Bite From a 'Nonvenomous' Snake (1984)

The distinction between venomous, potentially dangerous snakes and snakes considered to be harmless to humans is not always clear. A man was bitten by an assumed harmless pet snake, Rhabdophis subminatus (the red neck keelback), that had been obtained from a pet store. The patient experienced a severe coagulopathy with life-threatening hemorrhage unresponsive to transfusion. Since this snake frequently is sold legally in the United States, we wish to alert the medical community to its potential danger and to discuss the pathophysiological mechanism by which the coagulopathy was produced.
A search for selectivity to enable CO<sub>2</sub> capture with porous adsorbents (2017)

Current attempts in materials science to increase the selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub> physisorption from diluted sources are critically reviewed.
Photosynthetic action, absorption, and quantum yield spectra for a natural population of <i>Oscillatoria</i> in the North Atlantic1 (1988)

Measurements of the photosynthetic action and absorption spectra were made of marine Oscillatoria ( Trichodesmium ) from a summer surface bloom in the North Atlantic. The absorption spectrum was typical of those of other phytoplankton but with small peaks at 627 and 567 nm and a large peak at 493, consistent with the presence of phycocyanin, phycoerythrobilin, and phycourobilin respectively. The photosynthetic action spectrum was determined by measurement of the initial slope of the photosynthesis‐irradiance curve every 25 nm from 400 to 675 nm (25‐nm bandpass); it was dominated by the phycourobilin waveband. Calculations of quantum yield indicated that it was constant from 475 to 650 nm and was near maximal theoretical values. In wavebands corresponding to chlorophyll absorption (400‐450 and 675 nm), quantum yield dropped off sharply. Photosynthesis‐irradiance curves determined on both whole colonies and individual trichomes in “white” light indicated that both the initial slope and the degree of photoinhibition at high light were enhanced when the colonies were disrupted‐the former by a factor of ten, although the maximum rate of photosynthesis was unchanged. These optical and photosynthetic characteristics of marine Oscillatoria are consistent with adaptation to the high light environment where they typically bloom.
Low-Velocity Impact Response of Foam-Core Sandwich Composites (1992)

The low-velocity impact response of foam-core sandwich composites with fiberglass/epoxy face sheets is treated by a combination of computational and experimental methods. Linear elastic constitutive models are used for the face sheets and epoxy bond layer in conjunction with a foam constitutive model that includes nonlinear hardening plasticity and coupling between volumetric and deviatoric deformation. A transient finite- element code, utilizing four-noded uniform strain quadrilaterals, is used to explicitly solve the equations for balance of mass and momentum. The resulting deformation histories are compared to the experimental results and show qualitative agreement. The computed transverse shear stresses are used to correlate ultrasonic measurement of damage in the core/epoxy interface. Comparison of the plate stiffness prior to and after impact illustrates the effect of damage on subsequent behavior.
Silicone Made Contractile Dielectric Elastomer Actuators Inside 3-Tesla MRI Environment (2008)

New actuators are greatly demanded today in order to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible mechatronic systems capable of extended and improved capabilities. They are particularly needed for MRI-guided interventional or rehabilitation procedures. Actuators based on dielectric elastomers, a specific class of electroactive polymers, appear as suitable candidates for new MRI-compatible technologies, due to their intrinsic material properties and working principle. This paper presents the first investigation on the MRI compatibility of a recently developed linear contractile actuator made of a silicone elastomer. The assessed absence of any degradation of both the actuator electromechanical performance in the MRI environment and the quality of images acquired from a phantom demonstrated the MRI compatibility of the actuator. These results suggest the suitability of this soft actuation technology as a possible new entry in the class of MRI compatible mechatronic systems.
LIAS (1984)

The integral components of Library Information Access System-Pennsylvania State University's information exchange network- are outlined. A detailed description of Bibliographic Control, LIAS' record creation/maintenance component, is provided.
Evaluating automatic parallelization for efficient execution on shared-memory multiprocessors (1994)

We present a parallel code generation algorithm for complete applications and a new experimental methodology that tests the efficacy of our approach. The algorithm optimizes for data locality and parallelism, reducing or eliminating false sharing. It also uses interprocedural analysis and transformations to improve the granularity of parallelism. Although the individual components of the algorithm have been published previously, their coordination is unique to this paper. For experimental validation, we do not attempt to parallelize “dusty deck” programs where many have tried and failed. Instead, we collect programs where the users tried to achieve excellent parallel performance. We apply our optimizations to sequential versions of these programs, i.e., the compiler was required to use its analysis and algorithms to parallelize the program and could not rely on user assertions that for example, a loop is parallel. With this metric, our algorithm improves or matches hand-coded parallel programs on shared-memory, bus-based parallel machines for eight of the nine programs in our test suite.
Cyanobacteria as efficient producers of mycosporine‐like amino acids (2017)

Mycosporine-like amino acids are the most common group of transparent ultraviolet radiation absorbing intracellular secondary metabolites. These molecules absorb light in the range of ultraviolet-A and -B with a maximum absorbance between 310 and 362 nm. Cyanobacteria might have faced the most deleterious ultraviolet radiation, which leads to an evolution of ultraviolet protecting mycosporine-like amino acids for efficient selection in the environment. In the last 30 years, scientists have investigated various cyanobacteria for novel mycosporine-like amino acids, applying different induction techniques. This review organizes all the cyanobacterial groups that produce various mycosporine-like amino acids. We found out that cyanobacteria belonging to orders Synechococcales, Chroococcales, Oscillatoriales, and Nostocales are frequently studied for the presence of mycosporine-like amino acids, while orders Gloeobacterales, Spirulinales, Pleurocapsales, and Chroococcidiopsidales are still need to be investigated. Nostoc and Anabaena strains are major studied genus for the mycosporine-like amino acids production. Hence, this review will give further insight to the readers about potential mycosporine-like amino acid producing cyanobacterial groups in future investigations.
Accessory cells in HIV and other retroviral infections : morphological and functional aspects (1991)

Ultrastructural and functional aspects of follicular dendritic cells in vitro, E. Heinen et al antigenic phenotype of isolated human follicular dendritic cells, F. Schriever et al the heterogeneity of reticulum cells and the origin of the follicular dendritic cell, C.D. Dijkstra kinetic and ultrastructural aspects of the antigen transport FDC iccosome B cell axis, A.K. Szakal et al follicular dendritic cells and germinal centre formation in vitro, M.H.Kosco et al ultra-structural studies on lentiviruses, H.R. Gelderblom et al ultrastructure and significance of the lymphoid tissue lesions in HIV infection, J.A. Armstrong virus trapping by follicular dendritic cells in retrovirus infections inducing follicular hyperplasia of lymph nodes, K. Tenner-Racz et al electron microscopy study of the spleen in HIV infected patients, A. Le Tourneau et al changes of germinal centre organization in HIV 1 positive lymph nodes, G. Janossy et al ultrastructural and functional aspects of interdigitating cells, S. Fossum macrophages and dendritic cells, E.W.A. Kamperdijk et al immunohistochemical study of Langerhans' cells in the skin of HIV 1 infected patients with and without Kaposi's sarcoma, S.C. Knight retroviruses and thymus nonlymphoid cells, J. Boniver et al accessory cells in normal human thymus and in thymoma - distribution immunophenotype and cytokine content, L.P. Ruco et al retroviral infections of the central nervous system - determinants of neurotrompism and neurovirulence, G. Georgsson et al.
A Novel Cyclosporin A Aqueous Formulation for Dry Eye Treatment: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation (2012)

The micelle formulation delivered active CyA into the cornea without evident negative influence on the ocular surface properties. This formulation could be applied for immune-related ocular surface diseases.
The Influence of Image Complexity on Handwriting Recognition (2006)

Automated recognition of unconstrained handwriting continues to be a challenging research task. In addition to the errors caused by image quality, image features, segmentation, and recognition, in this paper we have also explored the influence of image complexity on handwriting recognition and compared humans ’ versus machines’ recognition. We describe a new methodology that will exploit the gap between the abilities of humans and computers in reading handwritten text images and investigate the influence of handwritten image complexity and Gestalt Laws of perception on this gap. Experimental results are presented and compared for image density and perimetric complexity of handwritten challenges. We make use of current challenges in handwriting recognition for applications in Cyber security.
Modeling acidogenic and sulfate‐reducing processes for the determination of fermentable fractions in wastewater (2002)

The biochemical acidogenic potential (BAP) of a wastewater is the maximum concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) that can be measured at the end of an anaerobic fermentation test. A model was constructed to describe the acidogenic reactions occurring during BAP tests and to divide the BAP into organic fractions. The model was calibrated with a set of specific experiments highlighting the role of sulfate-reducing bacteria on acidogenic processes, which description was necessary for correct parameter identification. The model could describe acidogenic fermentation processes, with or without sulfate reduction, at 20 degrees C, for 13 wastewaters of different origin, composition, and settleability using the same optimized parameters. A simplified version of the model, without sulfate reduction, was able to describe VFA production by the adjustment of only three variables: readily fermentable organic matter (Sf), anaerobically hydrolyzable organic matter (Xf), and heterotrophic acidogenic biomass (Xha), which proved to be coherent with the experimental BAP value. The combination of the BAP test and the model developed in this study resulted in a new reliable tool to characterize wastewater under anaerobic conditions. As VFAs are the main substrates for phosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs), the use of organic fractions VFA, Sf, Xf, and Xha in wastewater treatment plant modeling could improve the predictability and optimization of enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of (Phenyldimethylsilyl)methoxymethyl and (Phenyldimethylsilyl) methyl Ethers as Protecting Groups for Sugar Hydroxyls. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Environment-Aware Location Estimation in Cellular Networks (2008)

We propose a novel mobile positioning algorithm for cellular networks based on the estimation of the radio propagation environment. Since radio propagation characteristics vary in different environments, knowing the environment of the mobile user is essential for accurate Received Signal Strength- (RSS-) based location estimation. The key feature of our method is its capability to estimate the environment of the mobile user using machine learning techniques and to utilize this information for enhancing RSS-based distance calculations. The proposed algorithm, namely, EARBALE, has been evaluated using field measurements collected from a GSM network in diverse geographic locations. Our approach turns out to be significantly beneficial, enhancing estimation accuracy, and thereby enabling high-performance mobile positioning in a practical and cost-effective manner. Additionally, it is computationally light-wei
Development of a homogeneous immunoassay system using protein A fusion fragmented Renillaluciferase (2011)

A homogeneous immunoassay system was developed using fragmented Renilla luciferase (Rluc). The B domain of protein A was fused to two Rluc fragments. When complexes between an antibody and fragmented Rluc fusion proteins bind to target molecules, the Rluc fragments come into close proximity and the luminescence activity of fragmented Rluc is restored by complementation. As proof-of-principle, this fragmented Rluc system was used to detect E. coli homogeneously using an anti-E. coli antibody.
Isolation of MEMS Devices from Package Stresses by Use of Compliant Metal Interposers (2006)

Many classes of MEMS devices, such as those with resonant structures, capacitive readouts, and diaphragm elements, are sensitive to stresses that are exerted by their surrounding package structure. Such stresses can arise as a result of changes in temperature, ambient pressure, or relative humidity. We have demonstrated a dramatic reduction in scale factor bias over temperature for a tuning fork gyroscope, by mounting it on an interposer structure within a conventional ceramic chip carrier. Holographic interferometry measurements confirmed that the deformation imposed on a sensor die directly brazed to the package was more than 5 times that of die mounted with an interposer. We have developed several configurations of metal interposer structures for mounting MEMS inertial sensors in standard ceramic chip carrier packages. The interposers are made by first precision chemically etching preforms in metal foil. These preforms are then electroplated with a wire bondable surface finish of gold over nickel. Next, they are excised from the multi-up foil panel and formed to hold the sensor within the package. The interposers are configured with either three or four tabs for holding the MEMS sensors. Gold bumps are applied to these tabs and then the sensors are attached with thermocompression bonding. This assembly is attached to the ceramic package by thermocompression bonding to gold bumps on lands of the wirebond shelf. Wirebonds are made to the I/O pads of the sensor to complete its installation.
Optimal database reorganization policies: a stochastic control approach (2003)

The problem of determining optimal reorganization policies for databases which use file structures with overflow chaining is studied. The dynamics of the file performance driven by update transactions and reorganizations is formulated as a stochastic control model which incorporates microlevel design parameters of the physical file structure. Polynomial-time procedures for solving the optimization models are developed for two cases: when the file size is stationary as in the steady-state and when the file size evolves stochastically with a nonlinear trajectory. The model and the solution procedures are applied to an ISAM file, an order-preserving random-access file, revealing the effectiveness of the solution procedures and the relationship between file-design parameters and the optimal policy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Multiple EEG Features and Artificial Neural Network to Monitor the Depth of Anesthesia (2019)

The electroencephalogram (EEG) can reflect brain activity and contains abundant information of different anesthetic states of the brain. It has been widely used for monitoring depth of anesthesia (DoA). In this study, we propose a method that combines multiple EEG-based features with artificial neural network (ANN) to assess the DoA. Multiple EEG-based features can express the states of the brain more comprehensively during anesthesia. First, four parameters including permutation entropy, 95% spectral edge frequency, BetaRatio and SynchFastSlow were extracted from the EEG signal. Then, the four parameters were set as the inputs to an ANN which used bispectral index (BIS) as the reference output. 16 patient datasets during propofol anesthesia were used to evaluate this method. The results indicated that the accuracies of detecting each state were 86.4% (awake), 73.6% (light anesthesia), 84.4% (general anesthesia), and 14% (deep anesthesia). The correlation coefficient between BIS and the index of this method was 0.892 ( p < 0.001 ). The results showed that the proposed method could well distinguish between awake and other anesthesia states. This method is promising and feasible for a monitoring system to assess the DoA.
α-Aminoisobutyric Acid-Containing Amphipathic Helical Peptide-Cyclic RGD Conjugation as a Potential Drug Delivery System for MicroRNA Replacement Therapy in Vitro (2019)

Replacement therapy with tumor suppressive microRNA (TS-miRNA) might be the next-generation oligonucleotide therapy; however, a novel drug delivery system (DDS) is required. Recently, we developed the cell-penetrating peptide, model amphipathic peptide with α-aminoisobutyric acid (MAP(Aib)), as a carrier for oligonucleotide delivery to cells. In this study, we examined whether a modified MAP(Aib) analogue, MAP(Aib)-cRGD, could be a DDS for TS-miRNA replacement therapy. MIR145-5p, a representative TS-miRNA especially in colorectal cancer, was selected. The MAP(Aib)-cRGD dose was adjusted for MIR145-5p delivery to cells using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and degradation analysis. AlexaFluor488-labeled MIR145-5p incorporation into cells and negative regulation of MIR145-5p-targeting genes demonstrated MAP(Aib)-cRGD's functionality as a miRNA DDS. Treating MIR145-5p with MAP(Aib)-cRGD also revealed various anticancer effects, such as cell viability, invasion inhibition, and apoptosis induction in WiDr cells. Altogether, these findings suggest that MAP(Aib)-cRGD could be a DDS for TS-miRNA replacement therapy, but in vivo investigations are required.
Cromakalim: embryonic effects and reduction of tolbutamide‐induced dysmorphogenesis in vitro (1999)

Cromakalim is a K+ channel opener that causes smooth muscle relaxation by activating ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels and producing membrane hyperpolarization. Cromakalim counteracts sulfonylurea-induced KATP channel inhibition in adult cells, but little is known regarding its embryonic effects, alone or in combination with sulfonylureas. KATP channels have been demonstrated in the embryo, but their role in normal and abnormal development is unknown. Early-somite mouse embryos were exposed for 24 hr in vitro to cromakalim at concentrations of 0 (Cntl), 1, 10, 100, 200, or 500 μM in 0.125% DMSO. Embryos were also exposed for 24 hr in vitro to a dysmorphogenic tolbutamide concentration (110 μg/ml) combined with a subdysmorphogenic concentration of cromakalim (1 μM). Embryos were evaluated for somite number, heart rate, malformations, and embryonic and yolk sac protein content. Embryos exposed to 1 μM cromakalim were similar to controls. Cromakalim exposure increased malformation rates at concentrations ≥200 μM, decreased heart rates at ≥10 μM, and decreased somite and protein values at 500 μM. Defects involved cranial neural tube, optic vesicle, heart, and somites. A malformation rate of 59% in embryos exposed to 110 μg/ml tolbutamide was reduced to 13% by adding 1 μM cromakalim to the culture medium. Heart rate, somite number, and protein values were also improved by combined exposure to cromakalim and tolbutamide compared with exposure to tolbutamide alone. These results support previous findings with diazoxide (K+ channel opener) and chlorpropamide (sulfonylurea) and further suggest a potential role for KATP channel effects in sulfonylurea-induced dysmorphogenesis. Teratology 60:260–264, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantitative analysis of colon perfusion pattern using indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in laparoscopic colorectal surgery (2018)

Quantitative analysis of ICG perfusion patterns using T<sub>1/2MAX</sub> and TR can be applied to detect segments with poor perfusion, thereby reducing anastomotic complications during laparoscopic colorectal surgery.
A distributed and multithreaded neural event driven simulation framework (2006)

In a Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), spike emissions are sparsely and irregularly distributed both in time and in the network architecture. Since a current feature of SNNs is a low average activity, efficient implementations of SNNs are usually based on an Event-Driven Simulation (EDS). On the other hand, simulations of large scale neural networks can take advantage of distributing the neurons on a set of processors (either workstation cluster or parallel computer). This article presents a large scale SNN simulation framework able to gather the benefits of EDS and parallel computing. Two levels of parallelism are combined: Distributed mapping of the neural topology, at the network level, and local multithreaded allocation of resources for simultaneous processing of events, at the neuron level. Based on the causality of events, a distributed solution is proposed for solving the complex problem of scheduling without synchronization barrier.