gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SI-HCCI-SI Mode Transition at Different Engine Operating Conditions (2005)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The homogeneous charge compression ignition-HCCI (also to be known as controlled auto ignition-CAI) engine concept has the potential to be highly efficient and to produce low NOx, carbon dioxide and particulate matter emissions. It experiences, however, problems with cold start, running at idle and high loads that together with controlling the combustion over the entire speed/load range limits its practical application. A solution to overcome these problems is to operate the engine in ‘hybrid mode’, where the engine operates in HCCI mode at low, medium and cruising loads and switch to spark ignition (SI) mode (or diesel mode-CI) at a cold start, idle and higher loads.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To operate such ‘hybrid mode’ engine, a transition between SI and HCCI and SI modes, as a result of changes in engine speed and load must be seamless in operation, whilst keeping all relevant engine and combustion parameters in an acceptable range.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A successful transition strategy has to compensate changes in the fuelling rate (and hence in the charge composition) that occurs with different loads, and changes in the time available for the gas exchange process (as a consequence of different) at different engine speeds. The problem is even more exacerbated with the fact that HCCI combustion is controlled by the charge temperature, composition and pressure and therefore the use of a direct control mechanism such as in the SI combustion is not applicable.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), obtained by trapping residual gases inside the cylinder appears to have the potential to enable fast and smooth transition from SI to HCCI to SI, and to provide, in the certain range, control for the HCCI combustion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The aim of this paper is to present the development and investigation of using TRG, obtained by the Fully Variable Valve Timing (FVVT) system, for a transition from SI to HCCI to SI mode at different engine speeds and loads. The experiment is performed on a single cylinder research camless engine (equipped with the FVVT system) fuelled with commercially available gasoline fuel (95 ON). The results obtained show that different parameters such as the valve profile, throttle position, fuelling rate and spark timing have the major influence on the quality of transition and subsequent operations in HCCI and SI mode. The results also indicate that at different engine operating points (speed and load) different controlling parameters have to be adjusted accordingly.</div>
A Fluorescence Method for Measurement of Glucose Transport in Kidney Cells (2011)

Glucose transport in cultured kidney cells can be measured with the fluorescence method described in this study.
An authorization model for temporal and derived data (2002)

The term information portals refers to Web sites that serve as main providers of focused information, gathered from distributed data sources. Gathering and disseminating information through information portals introduce new security challenges. In particular, the authorization specifications, as well as the granting process, are temporal by nature. Also, more often than not, the information provided by the portal is in fact derived from more than one backend data source. Therefore, any authorization model for information portals should support access control based on temporal characteristics of the data, and also should provide tools to prevent indirect unauthorized access through the use of derived data. In this article we focus our attention on devising such an authorization model. The distinguishing features of this model include: (1) the specification of authorizations based on temporal characteristics of data, and (2) a formal framework to derive authorizations in a consistent and safe manner, based on relationships among data.
Safe engineering of <scp>CAR</scp> T cells for adoptive cell therapy of cancer using long‐term episomal gene transfer (2016)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a new successful treatment for refractory B-cell leukemia. Successful therapeutic outcome depends on long-term expression of CAR transgene in T cells, which is achieved by delivering transgene using integrating gamma retrovirus (RV) or lentivirus (LV). However, uncontrolled RV/LV integration in host cell genomes has the potential risk of causing insertional mutagenesis. Herein, we describe a novel episomal long-term cell engineering method using non-integrating lentiviral (NILV) vector containing a scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) element, for either expression of transgenes or silencing of target genes. The insertional events of this vector into the genome of host cells are below detection level. CD19 CAR T cells engineered with a NILV-S/MAR vector have similar levels of CAR expression as T cells engineered with an integrating LV vector, even after numerous rounds of cell division. NILV-S/MAR-engineered CD19 CAR T cells exhibited similar cytotoxic capacity upon CD19(+) target cell recognition as LV-engineered T cells and are as effective in controlling tumor growth in vivo We propose that NILV-S/MAR vectors are superior to current options as they enable long-term transgene expression without the risk of insertional mutagenesis and genotoxicity.
Ultra-fast three-dimensional MR perfusion imaging of the entire brain in acute stroke assessment (2000)

We sought to evaluate a three-dimensional (3D) whole-brain perfusion technique based on echo-shifting (PRESTO) for its performance in evaluation of acute stroke. Twenty-six patients were scanned within 6 hours after onset of hemispheric symptoms, and the results were compared with results of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The signal-to-noise ratio of the images was 61 +/- 3 pre-contrast and 47 +/- 3 at the bolus peak. Brain coverage on perfusion parameter maps was 95% +/- 2% compared with that displayed on T2-weighted images, with only minor artifacts related to susceptibility at the skull base. Measured regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) reduction closely correlated to lesion size on initial DWI and to final clinical outcome (P = 0.006), consistent with results previously reported for 2D perfusion methods. Mismatches between DWI and perfusion imaging characterized the total extent of tissue at risk, and the contrast timing correlated with the amount of collateral circulation as shown on DSA. In conclusion, 3D imaging using the PRESTO technique permits high-quality perfusion imaging of the entire brain.
Star-QAM Signaling Constellations for Spatial Modulation (2014)

The performance of spatial modulation (SM)-assisted multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems is highly dependent on the specific amplitude/phase modulation (APM) signal constellation adopted. In this paper, we conceive new star-quadrature amplitude modulation (star-QAM)-aided SM schemes. Our goal is to minimize the system's average bit error probability (ABEP). More specifically, a new class of star-QAM constellations is introduced for SM, which is capable of flexibly adapting ring ratios of the amplitude levels. Then, under a specific MIMO configuration and a predetermined transmission rate, a simple and efficient ring-ratio optimization algorithm is proposed to minimize the ABEP. Moreover, to improve further the performance of our star-QAM-aided SM scheme, a diagonal precoding technique is proposed, and a low-complexity minimum-distance-based approach is conceived for extracting the precoding parameters. Our numerical results show that the proposed star-QAM-aided SM arrangement provides beneficial system performance improvements compared with the identical-throughput maximum–minimum distance (MMD) QAM and phase-shift keying (PSK) benchmarkers. Moreover, our precoding scheme is capable of further improving the attainable system performance at a modest feedback requirement.
Hydrocephalus following spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage (1973)

✓ Twenty-eight cases of communicating hydrocephalus after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) due to ruptured intracranial aneurysms are reported. The relationship between the incidence of this complication and the various clinical features of SAH is discussed. The findings of RISA cisternography have little relationship to the findings of pneumoencephalography or the results of shunting procedures. The availability and value of echoencephalography in treating such patients is emphasized.
A computer graphics package for indoor radio channel simulation using a 2D ray tracing algorithm (2003)

A graphical user interface program that uses a ray tracing algorithm to predict the radio propagation in the indoor radio channel from the layout of the floor plan is presented. The program allows the user to interactively specify the location of the walls in the floor plan, the type of material in the construction, and the location of the radio transmitter and receiver. The ray tracing algorithm determines the magnitude, phase, time of arrival, and direction of every signal path between the specified radio transmitter and receiver when an RF pulse is transmitted. The accuracy of the model is examined by comparing the simulation results with results of empirical measurements made in a complex laboratory environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled Zn diffusion for low threshold narrow stripe GaAlAs/GaAs DH lasers (1981)

Zn diffusion was accurately controlled to reach within the active region of a GaAlAs/GaAs DH laser. The diffused 4 µm stripe lasers have threshold currents as low as 40 mA and exhibit single longitudinal mode oscillation in a wide range of current levels.
PGMIL's “Place in the Sun” (1957)

It is indeed an honor to be invited to submit an article to the very first issue of the PGMIL Transactions. I have had a sort of “preview” of the list of articles to be included in this first issue and the editors are to be congratulated on their selections.
CPU Overheating Characterization in HPC Systems: A Case Study (2018)

With the increase in size of supercomputers, also increases the number of abnormal events. Some of these events might lead to an application failure. Others might simply impact the system efficiency. CPU overheating is one such event that decreases the system efficiency: when a CPU overheats, it reduces its frequency. This paper studies the problem of CPU overheating in supercomputers. In a first part, we analyze data collected over one year on a supercomputer of the top500 list to understand under which conditions CPU overheating occurs. Our analysis show that overheating events are due to some specific applications. In a second part, we evaluate the impact of such overheating events on the performance of MPI applications. Using 6 representative HPC benchmarks, we show that for a majority of the applications, a frequency drop on one CPU impacts the execution time of distributed runs proportionally to the duration and to the extent of the frequency drop.
Toward a Synthetic Physiological Psychology (1992)

The word “synthetic” in the title of this paper has three meanings, each of which highlights a fundamental problem with physiological psychology, and. at the same time, offers a solution. (1) Synthetic means artificial—made by man, not by nature. To separate physiological psychology from medicine, and to build a science of pure function in humans (which is what psychology is), apart from a science of the mechanics of living human tissue (which is what medicine is), synthetic physiological psychology adopts a physically achieved analytic approach to the design, not of people, but of robots that behave like people. This avoids the misuse of reductionism. (2) Analysis by itself is not adequate; every analysis must be validated immediately by synthesis. Some forms of physically achieved analysis and resynthesis, particularly appropriate for synthetic physiological psychology, are contrasted with the hypothetico-deductive method, as a complementary scientific method of arriving at simple facts about complex living systems. (3) Synthetic also means integrative—at present, the various subfields of psychology are not united by principles based on the action of common units of function, derived by a physically achieved analysis. A simple procedure is described that can provide them.
Brain Cholesterol Synthesis and Metabolism is Progressively Disturbed in the R6/1 Mouse Model of Huntington’s Disease: A Targeted GC-MS/MS Sterol Analysis (2015)

Several steps in cholesterol biosynthetic and metabolic pathways are differentially altered in the R6/1 mouse brain as the disease progresses and this is most severe in the striatum. This provides further insights into early molecular mediators of HD onset and disease progression and identifies candidate molecular targets for novel therapeutic approaches.
SEWER SYSTEM ODOUR CONTROL IN THE LAKE BALATON AREA (1994)

In order to stop eutrophication and protect the water quality of Lake Balaton, the canalization and wastewater treatment system was redesigned in the late 70 s. Hence, regional sewer systems leading to sub-central treatment plants were established. Long retention times and long pressure sewer section, however, combined with the high sewage temperatures created a new environmental problem: the production of odorous and corrosive compounds such as hydrogen sulphide. In the present study, a preventive procedure to control anaerobic biodegradation processes in the sewage has been developed. It is based on the metabolic advantage of nitrate reduction over sulphate consumption. In a model experiment, problems deriving from the inappropriate application of nitrate addition were discovered, e.g. decreasing effectiveness by initiating undesired attached microbial growth, and denitrification and subsequent sludge loss in the secondary clarifier. The main concern of the system-specific procedure developed is to avoid local and general nitrate overdosing by an optimum arrangement of the dosing stations. This cost-effective procedure which prevents odour and corrosion problems has been successfully implemented in the Lake Balaton area.
Better Than The Best: The Power of Cooperation (1993)

We show that when agents cooperate in a distributed search problem, they can solve it faster than any agent working in isolation. This is accomplished by having agents exchange hints within a computational ecosystem. We present a quantitative assessment of the value of cooperation for solving constraint satisfaction problems through a series of experiments. Our results suggest an alternative methodology to existing techniques for solving constraint satisfaction problems in computer science and distributed artificial intelligence.
Dissolution Rate and Apparent Solubility of Poorly Soluble Drugs in Biorelevant Dissolution Media (2010)

A series of poorly soluble BCS class II compounds with "grease ball" characteristics were assessed for solubility and dissolution rate in biorelevant dissolution media (BDM) with the purpose of investigating which molecular structures gain most in solubility when dissolved under physiologically relevant conditions. The compounds were studied in four media (simulated intestinal fluid in fasted (FaSSIF pH 6.5) and fed state (FeSSIF pH 5.0), and their corresponding blank buffers (FaSSIF(blk) and FeSSIF(blk))) at a temperature of 37 °C. The experimental results were used to analyze which molecular characteristics are of importance for the solubility in BDM and for in silico modeling using multivariate data analysis. It was revealed that a majority of the compounds exhibited a higher dissolution rate and higher solubility in the FaSSIF and FeSSIF than in their corresponding blank buffers. Compounds which were neutral or carried a positive charge were more soluble in FeSSIF than FaSSIF. The acidic compounds displayed clear pH dependency, although the higher concentration of solubilizing agents in FeSSIF than FaSSIF also improved the solubility. Five of the ten compounds were upgraded to BCS class I when dissolved in FaSSIF or FeSSIF, i.e., the maximum dose of these compounds given orally was soluble in 250 mL of these BDMs. Lipophilicity as described by the log D(oct) value was identified as a good predictor of the solubilization ratio (R(2) = 0.74), and computed molecular descriptors were also shown to successfully predict the solubilities in BDM for this data set. To conclude, the physiological solubility of "grease ball" molecules may be largely underestimated in in vitro solubility assays unless BDM is used. Moreover, the results herein indicate that the improvement obtained in BDM may be possible to predict from chemical features alone.
Design of a Multimode QC-LDPC Decoder Based on Shift-Routing Network (2009)

A reconfigurable message-passing network is proposed to facilitate message transportation in decoding multimode quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes. By exploiting the shift-routing network (SRN) features, the decoding messages are routed in parallel to fully support those specific 19 and 3 submatrix sizes defined in IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.11n applications with less hardware complexity. A 6.22- mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> QC-LDPC decoder with SRN is implemented in a 90-nm 1-Poly 9-Metal (1P9M) CMOS process. Postlayout simulation results show that the operation frequency can achieve 300 MHz, which is sufficient to process the 212-Mb/s 2304-bit and 178-Mb/s 1944-bit codeword streams for IEEE 802.16e and IEEE 802.11n systems, respectively.
Charge and size effects in the capillary zone electrophoresis of nuclease A and its variants (1995)

The migration behavior of nuclease A from Staphylococcus aureus and 11 of its variants in capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was investigated in the light of their three-dimensional structure known from X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Nuclease A (molecular mass 16.8 kDa, pKa 10.3) and the variants differ only in a single amino acid residue and have a very similar crystal structure. With the use of coated quartz capillaries and suitable buffers, the protein migration was investigated at pH from 2.8 to 9.5 without interference by wall adsorption. Although the selectivity of the electrophoretic system for the proteins was mainly determined by their charge differences, certain variants having the same net charge could also be readily separated under nondenaturing conditions. For instance, the mobility of variant K116A was sufficiently higher than that of K116G so that they could be separated by CZE. The structures of both variants are the same except for the solvent-exposed loop containing residue 116. For this reason, the difference in electrophoretic mobilities can be attributed to the fact that in K116G the backbone of the 112 to 117 amino acids protrudes slightly from the protein, with a concomitant increase in the hydrodynamic radius with respect to that of K116A. Consequently, K116G shows a smaller mobility than K116A due to its larger hydrodynamic radius despite its smaller molecular mass. The interpretation of the experimentally measured mobilities of such closely related proteins therefore requires not only consideration of their electrostatic charge but also the fine details of their molecular structures.
BBC microcomputer controlled field inversion gel electrophoresis (1988)

Agarose gel electrophoresis to separate DNA molecules is a widely used technique in molecular biology but there is an upper limit to the sizes that can be resolved. Pulsed field techniques have extended this limit but require expensive equipment. Here we describe a home-made control unit to interface conventional electrophoresis equipment to a BBC microcomputer for the purposes of field inversion gel electrophoresis.
Dense sampling and fast encoding for 3D model retrieval using bag-of-visual features (2009)

Our previous shape-based 3D model retrieval algorithm compares 3D shapes by using thousands of local visual features per model. A 3D model is rendered into a set of depth images, and from each image, local visual features are extracted by using the Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) algorithm by Lowe. To efficiently compare among large sets of local features, the algorithm employs bag-of-features approach to integrate the local features into a feature vector per model. The algorithm outperformed other methods for a dataset containing highly articulated yet geometrically simple 3D models. For a dataset containing diverse and detailed models, the method did only as well as other methods. This paper proposes an improved algorithm that performs equal or better than our previous method for both articulated and rigid but geometrically detailed models. The proposed algorithm extracts much larger number of local visual features by sampling each depth image densely and randomly. To contain computational cost, the method utilizes GPU for SIFT feature extraction and an efficient randomized decision tree for encoding SIFT features into visual words. Empirical evaluation showed that the proposed method is very fast, yet significantly outperforms our previous method for rigid and geometrically detailed models. For the simple yet articulated models, the performance was virtually unchanged.
Mycobacterium avium complex infection in mice: lack of exacerbation after LP-BM5 murine leukemia virus infection (1996)

The murine leukemia virus LP-BM5 has been used to reproduce the model of murine AIDS in order to evaluate the course of infection with the MO-1 strain of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). LP-BM5 was inoculated in C57BL/6 mice by intravenous (i.v.) injection either 8 weeks before an i.v. challenge with 10(3) or 10(6) CFU of MAC (coinfection 1) or 10 days after an i.v. challenge with 10(3) CFU of MAC (coinfection 2). During coinfection 2 experiments, the phenotypic alterations in blood lymphocyte subsets were analyzed. During coinfection 1, LP-BM5 infection tended to decrease the mycobacterial growth, with the difference reaching statistical significance for the lower inoculum (10(3) CFU of MAC) (P<0.001). During coinfection 2, LP-BM5 did not exacerbate MAC infection except in the spleen, at day 90 after LP-BM5 challenge (P<0.001). LP-BM5 infection and the LP-BM5-MAC coinfection increased the numbers of activated CD4+ lymphocytes (CD4+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001), activated CD8+ lymphocytes (CD8+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001), and activated B lymphocytes (Ly5+ Ly6AE+) (P<0.001). This activation of T lymphocytes could explain the lack of exacerbation of MAC infection and even the trend to a lower level of MAC infection. Thus, this model of retroviral infection of mice does not seem to be a reliable model of immunodepression for the study of MAC infection and its treatments.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Streptonigrin 2‐Amide Derivatives with 3,3′‐(Phenylphosphoryl)‐ bis(1,3‐thiazolidine‐2‐thione). (1986)

Abstract The novel 2‐amide derivatives (IVa) and (IVb) of streptonigrm (II), an agent for the treatment of human cancer, have been synthesized by three methods, as shown in the scheme for (IVa): (II) is converted to (IVa) in moderate yields either via its acid Chloride by reaction with aminoethanol (I) or in one step by reaction with (I) using PPBTT as a chemoselective condensing agent.