gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simplicity through complexity: immunoblot with recombinant antigens as the new gold standard in Epstein-Barr virus serology. (2001)

Immunofluorescence tests have been the gold standard in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology during the past decades. Despite their high quality they cannot resolve significant problems with i) anticellular reactivity of some sera, ii) missing anti-EBNA-1 response in 5% of healthy individuals, and iii) loss of anti-EBNA-1 during immunosuppression. Immunoblots with recombinant EBV antigens (either in the Blot or the Line assay version) allow unequivocal serological diagnosis also in those cases that are problematic for immunofluorescence testing, 1) since due to the use of purified recombinant antigens, anticellular reactivities are no problem, and 2) since a combination of two late markers is tested (p72 and p18). Positive p18-IgG thereby defines those cases of past infections in which p72-IgG (anti-EBNA-1) is missing or has been lost. In nearly all cases, a single IgG test is sufficient for a definitive serological diagnosis. Whenever required, the immunoblot technique allows precise quantitation and avidity determination. The immunoblot with recombinant antigens represents the most sensitive, unequivocal and simple test system available at present, with the highest complexity of information obtained. Therefore, the immunoblot with recombinant antigens should be regarded as the new gold standard in EBV serology.
Non-parametric scan statistics for event detection and forecasting in heterogeneous social media graphs (2014)

Event detection in social media is an important but challenging problem. Most existing approaches are based on burst detection, topic modeling, or clustering techniques, which cannot naturally model the implicit heterogeneous network structure in social media. As a result, only limited information, such as terms and geographic locations, can be used. This paper presents Non-Parametric Heterogeneous Graph Scan (NPHGS), a new approach that considers the entire heterogeneous network for event detection: we first model the network as a "sensor" network, in which each node senses its "neighborhood environment" and reports an empirical p-value measuring its current level of anomalousness for each time interval (e.g., hour or day). Then, we efficiently maximize a nonparametric scan statistic over connected subgraphs to identify the most anomalous network clusters. Finally, the event represented by each cluster is summarized with information such as type of event, geographical locations, time, and participants. As a case study, we consider two applications using Twitter data, civil unrest event detection and rare disease outbreak detection, and present empirical evaluations illustrating the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach.
A Polynomial Extrapolation Method for Finding Limits and Antilimits of Vector Sequences (1976)

Given a sequence of vectors $\{ x^{(0)} ,x^{(1)} ,x^{(2)} , \cdots \} $, which may be convergent or divergent and which is governed by $x^{(i + 1)} = Mx^{(i)} + g$, where M and g may be unknown, an extrapolation method is derived for finding either the limit or antilimit of the sequence. The extrapolation method is intended for those problems where the numerical rank of M is small, or where M has only a few dominant eigenvalues. An error analysis is given; in particular, it is shown that the extrapolation method is stable provided that the eigenvalues of M are bounded away from 1. The method is compared with the epsilon algorithm and the vector-epsilon algorithm. Numerical evidence is provided showing that the method obtains the same accuracy as the epsilon algorithms but with approximately half the cost. It is also shown that the extrapolation method is competitive with the Woodbury method for solving the system $(I - M)x = g$, where M is known.
Carbonsäuresynthesen mit 1, 1‐Dichloräthylen (1966)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von sekundären oder tertiären Alkoholen, ihren Estern oder von Olefinen mit dem wohlfeilen 1, 1‐Dichloräthylen in Schwefelsäure werden viele β‐Alkyl‐ und β‐Aryl‐propionsäuren leicht zugänglich. Für den Erfolg der Synthese sind Raumerfüllung und Energie‐Inhalt der aus den Alkoholen oder Olefinen intermediär gebildeten Carboniumionen maßgebend. Mit Carboniumionen, die am Carbonium‐C‐Atom ein H‐Atom tragen, tritt im untergeordneten Maße eine elektrophile Substitution des 1, 1‐Dichloräthylens ein. Durch Sekundärreaktionen entstehen manchmal Dicarbonsäuren und Carbonsäuren mit höherem Molekulargewicht.
Design of An IC Engine Torque Estimator Using Unknown Input Observer (1999)

The torque produced by each combustion in an engine is one of the most important indices tied to internal combustion engine performance. In this paper, an approach is investigated to estimate engine torque. Instead of employing expensive and delicate combustion pressure sensors to directly measure indicated pressure in each cylinder, unknown input observers are exploited to estimate cylinder indicated torque using one or more low-cost measurements of crankshaft angular position. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of such torque estimators for multi-cylinder engines are presented in the paper; these include the number of angular position sensors required and their suggested placement. Model reduction issues and the number of measurements required to obtain an acceptable estimate are also considered. The approach is applied to a six-cylinder industrial diesel engine.
Iris image selection and localization based on analysis of specular reflection (2007)

We present a method for selecting good quality iris images from a sequence based on the position and quality of the specular reflection relative to the pupil. Using a simple low complexity yet robust technique, fast image selection is achieved along with immediate iris localization. Initial screening is achieved by accepting images with appropriate specular reflection intensity, width, height and area. Finer selection is then based on graylevel changes between light-pupil and pupil-iris regions. The method has been evaluated on numerous problem images and all were correctly rejected. Connected-component algorithms are used to find exact pupil boundaries and iris edges are modeled by ellipses based on left-right segmented boundaries. On a test set of 400 classes consisting of over 60000 images, no false acceptances are noted.
Switched-Current Filters (1993)

In this chapter, the design of switched-current filters, employing the CMOS building blocks and circuits developed in previous chapters, is considered and the results of two integrated test filters presented. The chapter starts by considering the synthesis of switched-current filters based on biquadratic sections. Sections based on either integrators or differentiators are described and measured results from an integrated integrator based lowpass section are presented to demonstrate the technique. For the realisation of high-order or high-g filters, the ladder approach is very popular because of its low sensitivity properties. This approach is described, with the aid of an illustrative integrated bilinear fifth order elliptic lowpass filter example, which demonstrates the practical application of the technique. The next three filter synthesis approaches; FIR filters, wave active filters and the transposition of switched-capacitor designs, are only briefly discussed as detailed descriptions can be found in Chapter 10, 11 and 9, respectively. Finally, this chapter proposes a new approach to the realisation of tunable filters on pure digital processes. The proposed switched-transconductance (ST) technique takes advantage of the fact that in many applications switched current circuits need a voltage interface, and hence also a linear transconductor; by incorporating this transconductor with the switched current circuits tunable impedances with good inherent accuracy can be realised.
Direct Cross-Priming by Th Lymphocytes Generates Memory Cytotoxic T Cell Responses (2005)

Under optimal Ag stimulation, CTL become functional effector and memory T cells. Professional APCs (pAPC) are considered essential for the activation of CTL, due to their unique capacity to provide costimulation and present exogenous Ags through MHC class I molecules. In this study, we report a novel means by which Th lymphocytes acquire and present MHC class I determinants to naive CTL. Although previous studies have looked at T cell Ag presentation to activated T cells, this study presents the first example of Ag presentation by Th cells to naive CTL. We report that activated Th cells can function as effective pAPC for CTL. Our results show that: 1) In addition to acquisition of cell surface molecules, including MHC class I/peptide complexes, from pAPC, Th cells can acquire and present MHC class I-binding peptides through TCR-MHC class II interactions with pAPC; 2) the acquired Ag can be functionally presented to CTL; and 3) Ag presentation by Th cells induces naive CTL to proliferate and preferentially differentiate into cells that phenotypically and functionally resemble central memory T cells. These findings suggest a novel role of Th cells as pAPC for the development of memory immune responses.
O trabalho em serviços: contribuições para o debate do Serviço Social (2012)

O presente artigo trata da temática dos serviços através de uma breve revisão de literatura, visando ampliar o debate sobre a inserção dos assistentes sociais no campo dos serviços sociais, à luz das transformações no mundo do trabalho. Para tanto, faz-se uma pequena revisão em torno do trabalho produtivo e improdutivo, emMarx, e uma pequena exposição sobre a produção da sociologia dotrabalho. Na esteira deste debate são traçadas algumas considerações acerca dos serviços, que indicam a impossibilidade da captura total deste trabalho, enquanto trabalho vivo, embora sejam cada vez mais presentes as formas de controle sobre ele. Partindo destasconsiderações, realiza-se uma reflexão acerca de alguns limites e possibilidades do trabalho profissional do assistente social. Posteriormente, são feitas as considerações finais.
Soluble soy protein peptic hydrolysate stimulates adipocyte differentiation in 3T3‐L1 cells (2013)

These findings indicate that SPH stimulates adipocyte differentiation, at least in part, via the up-regulation of PPARγ expression levels. These effects of SPH might be important for the health benefit effects of soybean proteins on obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
Supporting creative work tasks (1999)

Article Supporting creative work tasks: the potential of multimodal tools to support sketching Share on Authors: Jana Sedivy Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of LondonView Profile , Hilary Johnson Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of London Department of Computer Science, Queen Mary and Westfield College, University of LondonView Profile Authors Info & Claims C&C '99: Proceedings of the 3rd conference on Creativity & cognitionOctober 1999 Pages 42–49https://doi.org/10.1145/317561.317571Online:01 October 1999Publication History 10citation611DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations10Total Downloads611Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Line Shifts and Line Shape Changes Due to Spin Exchange of Nitroxide Free Radicals in Liquids. 7. Singly Charged Surfactant Nitroxide (2009)

EPR spectra of aqueous solutions of the singly charged surfactant nitroxide 4-[N,N-dimethyl-N-(ndodecyl) ammonium]-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-N-oxy bromide-d16 (DCAT12) are studied as functions of the molar concentration, c = 0.1-8 mM, and the temperature from 273 to 353 K. This concentration range is below the critical micelle concentration, cmc, at which DCAT12 forms micelles. Spin-spin broadening of the EPR lines averaged over the three lines is separated into contributions due to spin exchange, <Be>, and dipolar, <Bdip>, interactions yielding values of the fractional broadening by spin exchange, Omega(T), that vary from near unity at 353 K to approximately 50% at 273 K. This compares with a variation from unity to approximately 77% for a neutral spin probe perdeuterated 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxopiperidine-1-oxyl (PDT) over the same range. Unlike PDT and the Stokes-Einstein prediction, the broadening constant by spin exchange, d<Be>/dc, is not linear with T/eta, where eta is the shear viscosity, instead following a quadratic dependence. Nevertheless, d<Be>/dc is remarkably close to a hydrodynamic prediction using the Stokes-Einstein equation modified to take the spin probe charge into account. Compared with PDT, values of d<Be>/dc are decreased and d<Bdip>/dc increased at all temperatures, while the values of the re-encounter rate, tau(RE)(-1), deduced from line shifts, are reduced. Interestingly, values of d<Bdip>/dc, Omega(T), and tau(RE)(-1) are comparable for PDT and DCAT12 when compared at the same rotational diffusion rates.
A vitamin‐K<sub>2</sub>‐binding factor secreted from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1990)

The synthesis of vitamin K2 by Bacillus subtilis was found to increase in parallel with the number of cells. In the exponential growth phase, most vitamin K2 was found in the bacterial cells. At the end of the growth phase, however, the soluble form of vitamin K2 appeared in the incubation media and amounted to 40% of the total vitamin K2 at the stationary phase. DEAE ion-exchange chromatography of the incubation medium showed a single elution peak corresponding to vitamin K2, suggesting the secretion of vitamin K2 in the form of a soluble complex with a specific acidic binding factor. This factor was partially purified by consecutive DEAE chromatography, and examined by polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis. A band stainable with acridine orange, a cationic dye, was found to co-migrate with vitamin K2. This band was also visualized by periodic acid/Schiff staining. Gel-permeation chromatography showed that the binding factor in its active form has an apparent molecular mass of 100 kDa and is capable of binding exogenous menaquinone but not menadione. Chemical analysis indicated that this binding factor contained about 20% carbohydrate and 80% peptide which consisted mainly of Leu, Glu, Asp and Val. The new acidic glycoconjugate was designated as the vitamin-K2-binding factor.
Low yield of polymorphisms from EST blast searching: Analysis of genes related to oxidative stress and verification of the P197L polymorphism in GPX1 (1999)

To determine new polymorphisms in the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidases, catalase, and microsomal glutathione transferase 1, a search of the human expressed sequence tags (EST) database was performed (with BLAST 2.0). When any mutation, indicated by the BLAST search, gave rise to a nonconservative amino acid change we performed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) restriction analysis and/or sequence analysis of genomic DNA from human subjects in order to verify these potential polymorphisms. Of nine indicated polymorphisms from the EST analysis found in four different antioxidant enzymes, we could verify one, an amino acid substitution Pro-Leu at amino acid position 197 (P197L), in the glutathione peroxidase 1 gene. The corresponding allele frequencies were approximately 70/30%. In addition, a silent mutation (1167T/C) in the catalase gene indicated by the BLAST search could also be verified. Six to nine individuals were analyzed per indicated polymorphism, so that only common polymorphisms would be found. The indicated mutations not verified by direct analysis thus cannot be excluded as allelic variation in the human population. These results show that the EST database can be used to search for polymorphisms in genes with high abundance in the human EST database. In addition to the EST analysis, PCR/single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was employed for the analysis of the microsomal glutathione transferase 1 gene. No polymorphism in the coding sequence could be detected in the gene by either method. The high degree of conservation of the microsomal glutathione transferase 1 gene indicates an important physiological function for this enzyme.
Active Noise Control of an Electricity Substation 275kV Transformer (1994)

This paper discusses active noise control of an electricity substation 275kV transformer. It was presented at the 2nd biennial European joint conference on engineering system design and analysis
Comparative study of T-amplitude features for fitness monitoring using the ePatch&#x00AE; ECG recorder (2014)

This study investigates ECG features, focusing on T-wave amplitude, from a wearable ECG device as a potential method for fitness monitoring in exercise rehabilitation. An automatic T-peak detection algorithm is presented that uses local baseline detection to overcome baseline drift without the need for preprocessing, and offers adequate performance on data recorded in noisy environments. The algorithm is applied to 24 hour data recordings from two subject groups with different physical activity histories. Results indicate that, while mean heart rate (HR) differs most significantly between the groups, T-amplitude features could be useful depending on the disparities in fitness level, and require further investigation on an individual basis.
CAPTURING RNA-DEPENDENT PATHWAYS FOR CRYO-EM ANALYSIS (2012)

Cryo-Electron Microscopy (EM) is a powerful technique to visualize biological processes at nanometer resolution. Structural studies of macromolecular assemblies are typically performed on individual complexes that are biochemically isolated from their cellular context. Here we present a molecular imaging platform to capture and view multiple components of cellular pathways within a functionally relevant framework. We utilized the bacterial protein synthesis machinery as a model system to develop our approach. By using modified Affinity Grid surfaces, we were able to recruit multiple protein assemblies bound to nascent strands of mRNA. The combined use of Affinity Capture technology and single particle electron microscopy provide the basis for visualizing RNA-dependent pathways in a remarkable new way.
ABS control using optimum search via sliding modes (2002)

The paper presents the control design for antilock braking systems via the sliding mode approach. In this study we formulate the problem as that of extremum searching in a highly uncertain situation. We consider the friction force as an output of the dynamic system which includes mechanical motion equations and the hydraulic circuit equations. This setting is complicated by the optimized function being a priori unknown, and the input (slip) not being measurable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibition of cellular thioredoxin reductase by diaziquone and doxorubicin. Relationship to the inhibition of cell proliferation and decreased ribonucleotide reductase activity. (1992)

The flavoenzyme thioredoxin reductase (TR) is an important enzyme for many aspects of cellular function. The antitumor quinones diaziquone and doxorubicin have been shown to produce a time- and concentration-dependent inhibition of TR when incubated for up to 24 hr with intact A204 human rhabdomyosarcoma cells. There was a positive correlation between the inhibition of TR and the inhibition of cell colony formation measured 7 days later for diaziquone (r = 0.84, P less than 0.01), and for doxorubicin (r = 0.87, P less than 0.01). 2,6-Dichloroindophenol, which in previous studies was shown to be a good inhibitor of TR in vitro, was a poor inhibitor of TR in intact A204 cells and there was no significant correlation with inhibition of colony formation. The activity of ribonucleotide reductase, which catalyzes the first unique step of DNA synthesis and which obtains its reducing equivalents from TR through thioredoxin, was decreased in diaziquone- and doxorubicin treated A204 cells. We suggest that the inhibition of TR by some antitumor quinones leading to a decreased activity of TR and, consequently, a decreased activity of thioredoxin-dependent enzymes including ribonucleotide reductase may contribute to the growth inhibitory activity of these quinones.
Cold Facial Stimulation Reduces Breathlessness Induced in Normal Subjects (1987)

Patients with breathlessness commonly describe subjective relief when seated near an open window or in front of a fan. Previous studies suggest that a flow of air or application of cold solutions to the face, nasal mucosa, or pharynx may alter ventilation. We hypothesized that a flow of cold air directed against the cheek would reduce the sensation of breathlessness associated with loaded breathing. Sixteen subjects breathed on a device with an inspiratory resistive load (63 cm H2O/L/s) while PCO2 was maintained at 55 torr for 5 min. All studies were performed 4 times with each subject, twice with cold air directed against the cheek (4 degrees to 10 degrees C, 4 km/h) and twice with no flow on the subject. Subjects were asked to rate their breathlessness using a modified Borg scale. Cold air directed on the face reduced breathlessness induced by an inspiratory resistive load and hypercapnia (6.2 +/- 1.7 Borg scale units with no flow, 5.1 +/- 1.7 with cold air; p less than 0.002) without causing a significant reduction in ventilation. This effect was not observed when cold air was directed to the leg and does not appear to be associated with a reduction in the ventilatory response to hypercapnia or with initiation of the diving reflex. We conclude that cold air directed against the cheek significantly reduces dyspnea associated with the combination of hypercapnia and an inspiratory resistive load.
Research on model of network information extraction based on improved topic-focused Web crawler key technology (2016)

This research has caught researchers' wide attention for extracting network information exactly with the arrival of the big data era characterized by semistructured or unstructured text. This paper proposes a model of network information extraction based on improved topic-focused web crawler key technology taking Web news as object of extraction. The authors elaborate main function, method and technology on every layer of the model in detail, which have been used or completed, and focuses on how to extract network information efficiently oriented topic from a large number of Web news instances, in order to explore a research method for network information extraction. The experimental results show the feasibility, validity and superiority of the model design and play a very important role in constructing topic-focused Web news corpus so as to provide a real-time data source for trust analysis, currency analysis, hot topic detection, topic evolution tracking of Web news.