gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence of Tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Cations ([Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub>]<sup>2+</sup>) Adsorbed in Mesoporous Silica (2000)

The adsorption of a cationic luminescence probe, tris(2,2‘-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) ([Ru(bpy)3]2+), into a mesoporous silica was investigated in order to understand the nature of mesoporous silicas as immobilizing media for organic guest species. The adsorption of the probe into the mesoporous silica was conducted by the reaction using a dimethylformamide solution of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ chloride. The adsorbed amount of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ was controlled by changing the concentration of the solutions. When the samples were dehydrated, the adsorbed [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ions aggregated to cause self-quenching of the luminescence. The luminescence was intensified dramatically upon hydration of the samples, indicating that the aggregated [Ru(bpy)3]2+ ions were dispersed in the mesopore to suppress the self-quenching.
Transient Analysis of Power Plant Deaerators (1992)

A mathematical model suitable for predicting the transient behaviour of deaerator plant is presented. The model is based on energy and mass balance equations applied to the deaerator, storage tank and feed pump suction pipe. The model parameters are based entirely on the physical characteristics of the plant, and hence the model can be easily adapted to plants of different size. A comparison with data collected from a deaerator plant operating on a 500 MW unit indicates that the model gives good transient responses and can be used to predict accurately the onset of cavitation in the feed pump.
Evaluation of novel autonomous self-healing polymer composite (2008)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2008.
Los recursos educativos no formales en la educación formal (2015)

Cities and museums alike often become the object of complementary activities. This practice generally eases a break in the processes of formal education, and teachers do sometimes fail to consider the educational possibilities of this so-called non-formal education. It may cast light on concepts, improve educational processes or set a debate up in a more meaningful way, but this article does not aim at the reasons behind the lack of the usage of non-formal education. This paper has humbler aims, taking into account that the didactic approach toward literary city walks and museums can be considered as text, pretext or product: it focuses on the possibility to investigate the meanings that can be taken from literary walks and museums alike as a text. Besides, it may shed light into the possible synergies that may arise in different educational fields.
VM power metering (2011)

This paper explores the feasibility of and challenges in developing methods for black-box monitoring of the power usage of a virtual machine (VM) at run-time, on shared virtualized compute platforms, including those with complex memory hierarchies. We demonstrate that VM-level power utilization can be accurately estimated, or estimated with accuracy with bound error margins. The use of bounds permits more lightweight online monitoring of fewer events, while relaxing the fidelity of the estimates in a controlled manner. Our methodology is evaluated on the Intel Core i7 and Core2 x86-64 platforms, running synthetic and SPEC benchmarks.
Low-dose rapamycin extends lifespan in a mouse model of mtDNA depletion syndrome (2017)

Mitochondrial disorders affecting oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) are caused by mutations in both the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes. One promising candidate for treatment is the drug rapamycin, which has been shown to extend lifespan in multiple animal models, and which was previously shown to ameliorate mitochondrial disease in a knock-out mouse model lacking a nuclear-encoded gene specifying an OxPhos structural subunit (Ndufs4). In that model, relatively high-dose intraperitoneal rapamycin extended lifespan and improved markers of neurological disease, via an unknown mechanism. Here, we administered low-dose oral rapamycin to a knock-in (KI) mouse model of authentic mtDNA disease, specifically, progressive mtDNA depletion syndrome, resulting from a mutation in the mitochondrial nucleotide salvage enzyme thymidine kinase 2 (TK2). Importantly, low-dose oral rapamycin was sufficient to extend Tk2KI/KI mouse lifespan significantly, and did so in the absence of detectable improvements in mitochondrial dysfunction. We found no evidence that rapamycin increased survival by acting through canonical pathways, including mitochondrial autophagy. However, transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses uncovered systemic metabolic changes pointing to a potential 'rapamycin metabolic signature.' These changes also implied that rapamycin may have enabled the Tk2KI/KI mice to utilize alternative energy reserves, and possibly triggered indirect signaling events that modified mortality through developmental reprogramming. From a therapeutic standpoint, our results support the possibility that low-dose rapamycin, while not targeting the underlying mtDNA defect, could represent a crucial therapy for the treatment of mtDNA-driven, and some nuclear DNA-driven, mitochondrial diseases.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring with Glucose Sensors: Calibration and Assessment Criteria (2003)

Continuous glucose monitoring (CM) by means of minimally invasive or noninvasive glucose sensors can help to further optimize metabolic control in patients with diabetes without need for frequent capillary blood glucose measurements. Most glucose sensors measure glucose concentration in the interstitial fluid (ISF). Because of the varying conditions in this compartment, a general in vitro calibration ( = factory calibration) by the manufacturer appears not to be possible. Therefore, calibration of the sensor signal must be performed by the patient himself repeatedly. The calibration procedure can be performed by means of conventional capillary blood glucose measurements in order to transform the sensor signals obtained from the specific compartment (e.g., ISF) into "blood" glucose values. A number of aspects can influence the validity of this procedure. The relationship between changes in blood glucose and in ISF glucose, in both time and concentration dimensions, is not well understood, especially during dynamic changes. The physical lag time, which critically depends on the glucose sensor technology used, can also introduce a systematic calibration error. After the first calibration, usually performed some hours after the application of a given glucose sensor, recalibration at certain intervals is necessary. Therefore, patients should critically assess the values displayed by a CM system. In the case of implausible glucose values they should verify the results by means of a conventional capillary glucose measurement. Up to now there is no consensus on assessment criteria to be used for evaluation of CM system performance and calibration quality. Existing methods of displaying CM values against corresponding reference values, including linear regression analysis and error grid analysis, as well as numeric criteria such as System Error, Predicted Error Sum of Squares (in %), and Mean Absolute Deviation are not generally applicable to CM. It appears as if they do not allow sufficient description of data obtained with CM systems. There is a pressing need to develop novel adequate assessment criteria enabling a better characterization of CM system performance. If these were used uniformly by all manufacturers and scientists assessing CM systems, this would allow a fair comparison of the performance of different systems.
Non-prostanoid thromboxane A2 receptor antagonists with a dibenzoxepin ring system. 2 (1992)

A series of 11-[2-(1-benzimidazolyl)ethylidene]-6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxep in-2- carboxylic acid derivatives and related compounds were synthesized and found to be potent TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonists. Each compound synthesized was tested for its ability to displace [3H]U-46619 binding from guinea pig platelet TXA2/PGH2 receptors. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the following key elements were required for enhanced activities: (1) an (E)-2-(1-benzimidazolyl)ethylidene side chain in the 11-position of the dibenzoxepin ring system and (2) a carboxyl group in the 2-position of the dibenzoxepin ring system. The studies also indicated that the TXA2/PGH2 receptor binding affinities of this series of compounds in guinea pig platelet were poorly correlated with those in human platelet. Introduction of substituent(s) to the benzimidazole moiety was effective and sodium (E)-11-[2-(5,6-dimethyl-1-benzimidazolyl)ethylidene]- 6,11-dihydrodibenz[b,e]oxepin-2-carboxylate monohydrate (57) recorded the highest affinity for human platelet TXA2/PGH2 receptor with a K(i) value of 1.2 +/- 0.14 nM. It demonstrated potent inhibitory effects on U-46619-induced guinea pig platelet aggregation (in vitro and ex vivo) and human platelet aggregation (in vitro). Compound 57, now designated as KW-3635, is a novel, orally active, and specific TXA2/PGH2 receptor antagonist with neither TXA2/PGH2 receptor agonistic nor TXA2 synthase inhibitory effects. It is now under clinical evaluation.
GCMS-based metabolomic study in mice with colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium (2011)

Our results suggest that metabolomics is capable of representing the various degrees of colitis, and our findings will aid in the discovery of therapeutic agents for IBD and other inflammatory disorders by metabolomic approaches.
Monolithically integrated semiconductor optical amplifier and electroabsorption modulator with dual-waveguide spot-size converter input and output (2005)

We have demonstrated an electroabsorption modulator and semiconductor optical amplifier monolithically integrated with novel dual-waveguide spot-size converters (SSC) at the input and output ports for low-loss coupling to a planar light-guide circuit silica waveguide or cleaved single-mode optical fibre. The device was fabricated by means of selective-area MOVPE growth, quantum well intermixing and asymmetric twin waveguide technologies with only a three-step low-pressure MOVPE growth. For the device structure, in the SOA/EAM section, a double ridge structure was employed to reduce the EAM capacitances and enable high bit-rate operation. In the SSC sections, buried ridge structure (BRS) was incorporated. Such a combination of ridge, ATG and BRS structure is reported for the first time in which it can take advantage of easy processing of the ridge structure and the excellent mode characteristic of BRS. At the wavelength range of 1550–1600 nm, lossless operation with extinction ratios of 25 dB dc and more than 10 GHz 3 dB bandwidth is successfully achieved. The beam divergence angles of the input and output ports of the device are as small as 8.0° × 12.6°, resulting in 3.0 dB coupling loss with a cleaved single-mode optical fibre.
Saccharomyces Serevisiae Expression System (2004)

Saccharomyces serevisiae is unicellular eukaryotic biology. People accumulate many experiences and grasp many advantages or disadvantages of yeast expression in the course of exogenous gene expression with vector in saccharomyces serevisiae, such as yeast grows speedily, and can be processed with massive fermentation. But it will also produce alcohol in the process of fermentation, and the accumulation of alcohol in the culture medium will affect yeast's growth metabolism and gene expression, this effect is especially obvious in the high density fermentation. Contraposing those defects, positive steps can be adopted. The composition, advantages and disadvantages,the strategies of effective expression of Saccharomyces serevisiae expression system are reviewed.
Pancreatic Enzyme Products: Digesting the Changes (2011)

At this time, Creon is an appropriate first-line agent, as it has been approved for chronic pancreatitis, pancreatectomy, and cystic fibrosis.
Design of a Monopulse Antenna Using a Dual V-Type Linearly Tapered Slot Antenna (DVLTSA) (2008)

The dual V-type linearly tapered slot antenna (DVLTSA) is a modified version of the Vivaldi radiator and is first introduced here. It is much more compact and keeps the advantages of the conventional tapered slot antenna (TSA). Furthermore, this antenna is suitable for a monopulse antenna owing to its special configuration. Both the sum and difference beams can be generated only employing a single DVLTSA respectively through the multimode substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) feeding technology. With detailed theoretical analysis, a prototype of the monopulse antenna proposed at the center frequency of 36 GHz was integrated on a single substrate using the normal PCB process. Measured gain of the sum beam is 10.6 dBi, while the zero depth of the difference beam is lower than -35 dB. It also has good cross-polar characteristics and can be applied over a broad bandwidth as well.
Pathophysiology of Acute Lung Injury and the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2006)

Since the adult respiratory distress syndrome was first described substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathogenesis of this complex syndrome. This review summarizes our current understanding of the pathophysiology of what is now termed the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and its less severe form acute lung injury (ALI), with an emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanisms of injury that may represent potential therapeutic targets. Although it is difficult to synthesize all of these abnormalities into a single, unified, pathogenetic pathway, a theme that emerges repeatedly is that of imbalance, be it between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, oxidants and antioxidants, procoagulants and anticoagulants, neutrophil recruitment and activation and mechanisms of neutrophil clearance, or proteases and protease inhibitors. Future therapies aimed at restoring the overall balance of cytokines, oxidants, coagulants, and proteases may ultimately be successful where therapies that target individual cytokines or other mediators have not.
The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services (1997)

This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements.
Differential Susceptibility to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection of Myeloid and Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of dendritic cells (DCs) plays an important role in HIV-1 transmission and pathogenesis. Here, we studied the susceptibility of ex vivo-isolated CD11c+ myeloid DCs (MDCs) and CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs (PDCs) to HIV-1 infection and the function of these cells early after infection. Both DC subsets were susceptible to CCR5- and CXCR4-using HIV-1 isolates (BaL and IIIB, respectively). However, MDCs were more susceptible to HIV-1(BaL) infection than donor-matched PDCs. In addition, HIV-1(BaL) infected MDCs more efficiently than HIV-1(IIIB), whereas PDCs were equally susceptible to both isolates. While exposure to HIV-1 alone resulted in only weak maturation of DCs, Toll-like receptor 7/8 ligation induced full maturation in both infected and uninfected DCs. Maturation did not increase HIV-1 replication in infected DCs, and infected DCs retained their ability to produce tumor necrosis factor alpha after stimulation. Both HIV-1 isolates induced alpha interferon production exclusively in PDCs, irrespective of productive infection. In conclusion, PDCs and MDCs were susceptible to HIV-1 infection, but neither displayed functional defects as a consequence of infection. The difference in susceptibility of PDCs and MDCs to HIV-1 may have implications for HIV-1 transmission and DC-mediated transfer of HIV-1 to T cells.
Directional couplers made of nonidentical asymmetric slabs. Part I: Synchronous couplers (1987)

We discuss TE and TM mode directional couplers made of nonidentical asymmetric slab waveguides. Approximate expressions are provided for the coupling coefficients of synchronous (no grating) couplers and their accuracy is checked by comparison with exact solutions that are based on solving the guided mode problem of the total structure consisting of the two slabs considered to be a single waveguide.
Use of Transition-State Theory in the Development of Bioactive Molecules (1985)

The application of transition state theory to enzyme catalysis is presented in terms of mechanistic and energetic approaches. These treatments emphasize the rationale of using transition state analogs as bioactive molecules. Included in this chapter are some criteria for determining if a compound is a transition state analog. A hypothesis is then presented that the initial binding of some insecticidal carbamates and organophosphates to acetylcholinesterase is dependent in part upon their mimicking the transition state configuration of acetylcholine. As an indication of how transition state theory could be applied to problems in agricultural chemistry, we present data from this laboratory that some trifluoromethylketone inhibitors of insect juvenile hormone esterase(s) are transition state mimics and extend this argument by applying a quantitative structure-activity relationship approach to these analogs.
Respiratory function of the rib cage muscles (1993)

Elevation of the ribs and expansion of the rib cage result from the co-ordinated action of the rib cage muscles. We wished to review the action and interaction of the rib cage muscles during ventilation. The parasternal intercostal muscles appear to play a predominant role during quiet breathing, both in humans and in anaesthetized dogs. In humans, the parasternal intercostals act in concert with the scalene muscles to expand the upper rib cage, and/or to prevent it from being drawn inward by the action of the diaphragm. The external intercostal muscles are considered to be active mainly during inspiration, and the internal intercostal muscles during expiration. The respiratory activity of the external intercostals is minimal during quiet breathing both in man and in dogs, but increases with increasing ventilation. Inspiratory activity in the external intercostals can be enhanced in anaesthetized animals and humans by inspiratory mechanical loading and by CO2 stimulation, suggesting that the external intercostals may constitute a reserve system, that may be recruited when the desired expansion of the rib cage is increased. The triangularis sterni is an important expiratory muscle during quiet breathing in animals, but it is not active during quiet breathing in man. However, during expiration below functional residual capacity (FRC), and during speech, laughing and coughing, the triangularis sterni is recruited and plays an increasingly important role.
Economics in E-Commerce Recommendation: Producer, Consumer and Platform (2016)

Product recommender systems have become increasingly important, as consumers are exposed to massive amounts of product information on the Internet and product recom- mender systems can suggest products that interest consumers. A lot of work has been done over the past few decades to develop recommendation algorithms. Most existing algorithms reduce the recommendation problem to rating prediction and measure the recommendation quality by Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE). The existing algorithms have proven successful in a wide range of applications including movie , news and music recommendations.However, when it comes to product recommendation, there are specific aspects the recommendation algorithm needs to consider. First, price is important and the rec- ommendation algorithm needs to consider consumerâs Willingness-to-Pay (WTP); sec- ond, it is important to consider inter-product relationships; third, it is necessary to take account of the benefits to both consumer and producer. Without such consideration, recommendation algorithms might perform poorly. For example, the recommendations are too expensive for the consumer to buy, or the recommendations do not complement the products the consumer already has, or the system prices the products in favor of the consumers with little consideration of the benefit to producers. Unfortunately, thesethree aspects are not well addressed in existing recommendation algorithms and pose challenges to product recommendation.In this dissertation, we propose to address these aspects by leveraging well- established economic principles. In particular, we adopt producer surplus, consumer sur- plus and total surplus to represent the benefits of producer, consumer and the platform, respectively. For producers, we propose to elicit consumer WTP in the E-commerce setting and perform personalized promotion based on the estimated WTP. The goal of personalized promotion is to maximize producerâs profit. For consumers, we propose to recommend by multi-product utility maximization. Our proposed method can auto- matically learn the relationship from real-world transaction data. For the platform, we propose and implement a Total Surplus Maximization (TSM) based recommendation framework, in which the benefits of both producer and consumer are considered. The TSM framework can conveniently specialize into several typical applications, including E-commerce, P2P lending and the online freelancer market. The proposed methods have been evaluated in real-world datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods are advantageous to existing algorithms.
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy by Transiliac Approach (2009)

When a conventional transforaminal PELD is impossible due to the presence of a high iliac crest, PELD via a transiliac route could be a alternative option in selected cases.
OCCUPANT RESPONSE TO WINDOW CONTROL SIGNALING SYSTEMS (2011)

Signaling systems that inform occupants about when to open and close their windows have become a popular, low-cost solution that strikes a balance between manual control and building intelligence. But there has been little feedback about whether and how occupants respond to them. This project reviews 16 existing applications of window signaling controls in mixed-mode buildings across the U.S. Results from occupant surveys are combined with design team interviews and site observations to compare design objectives, programming strategies, and occupant response. Overall, signals play a role in window use patterns for a minority of occupants, although potentially a substantial one. We find active response to the signals to be low when occupants receive an initial meeting or notice about the system, which is the normative mode of education. Greater participation (up to 50 % reported “active” response) is possible with a higher interest level and/or ongoing efforts to communicate tangible benefits of the signals. Conditions that increase or interfere with occupant participation vary greatly building to building, based on office type (shared or private), visibility of the signals from workstations, reliability of the controls determining “open ” and “close ” modes, and a range of personal circumstances (noise, wind,