gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-5–producing CD4+ T Cells Play a Pivotal Role in Aeroallergen-induced Eosinophilia, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, and Lung Damage in Mice (1998)

Although activated CD4+ T cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, the direct contribution of this leukocyte to the induction of aeroallergen-induced bronchial hyperreactivity and lung damage is unknown. In the present investigation, we have used a model of allergic airways inflammation, which displays certain phenotypic characteristics of late-phase asthmatic responses, together with interleukin-5-deficient (IL-5-/- ) mice and donor antigen-specific CD4+ TH2-type cells to obtain unequivocal evidence for a role of this T lymphocyte in the pathophysiology of allergic airways inflammation. Antigen-primed CD4+ T cells and CD4- cells (CD4+-depleted population) were purified from the spleens of ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized wild-type mice and adoptively transferred to OVA-sensitized and nonsensitized IL-5-/- mice. In vitro stimulation of the purified cell populations with OVA resulted in the secretion of IL-4 and IL-5, but not interferon-gamma, from the CD4+ T cells, indicating that they were of the TH2 type. In contrast, interferon-gamma, but not IL-4 and IL-5, was produced by the CD4- T cells. The CD4+ TH2-type cells (but not the CD4 cells) reconstituted aeroallergen (OVA)-induced blood and airways eosinophilia, lung damage, and airways hyperreactivity to 1-methacholine in IL-5-/- mice. The reconstitution did not require prior sensitization of the mice, but it did not occur if they were aerosolized with saline instead of OVA. The circulating levels of OVA-specific -IgE and -IgG1 were not significantly altered by the adoptive transfer of either cell population. These investigations establish that IL-5-secreting CD4+ TH2-type cells play a pivotal role in generating blood and airways eosinophilia and in the subsequent development of bronchial hyperreactivity and lung damage that occurs in response to aeroallergens.
Defence responses regulated by jasmonate and delayed senescence caused by ethylene receptor mutation contribute to the tolerance of petunia to <i> <scp>B</scp> otrytis cinerea </i> (2013)

Ethylene and jasmonate (JA) have powerful effects when plants are challenged by pathogens. The inducible promoter-regulated expression of the Arabidopsis ethylene receptor mutant ethylene-insensitive1-1 (etr1-1) causes ethylene insensitivity in petunia. To investigate the molecular mechanisms involved in transgenic petunia responses to Botrytis cinerea related to the ethylene and JA pathways, etr1-1-expressing petunia plants were inoculated with Botrytis cinerea. The induced expression of etr1-1 by a chemical inducer dexamethasone resulted in retarded senescence and reduced disease symptoms on detached leaves and flowers or intact plants. The extent of decreased disease symptoms correlated positively with etr1-1 expression. The JA pathway, independent of the ethylene pathway, activated petunia ethylene response factor (PhERF) expression and consequent defence-related gene expression. These results demonstrate that ethylene induced by biotic stress influences senescence, and that JA in combination with delayed senescence by etr1-1 expression alters tolerance to pathogens.
High resolution 3D "snapshot" ISAR imaging and feature extraction (2001)

We have developed a new formulation for three dimensional (3D) radar imaging of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) data based on recent developments in high resolution spectral estimation theory. Typically for non real-time applications, image formation is a two step process consisting of motion determination and image generation. The technique presented focuses on this latter process, and assumes the motion of the target is known. The new technique offers several advantages over conventional techniques which are based on the correlation imaging function. In particular, the technique provides for a direct 3D estimate (versus back projection to a 3D target grid matrix) of the locations of the dominant scattering centers using only a minimum set of independent 2D range-Doppler ISAR "snapshots" of the target. Because of the snapshot nature of the technique, it is particularly applicable to 3D imaging of sectors of sparse-angle data, for which the sidelobes of the correlation imaging integral become high. Furthermore, the technique provides for an estimate of amplitude and phase of each scattering center as a function of aspect angle to the target, for those aspect angles which encompass the set of 2D range-Doppler snapshots. Results illustrating the technique developed are presented for both simulated and static range data.
Modulation of Olfactory Bulb Neuron Potassium Current by Tyrosine Phosphorylation (1998)

Insulin causes a suppression of whole-cell voltage-dependent outward current in cultured neurons from the rat olfactory bulb. This suppression is time-dependent; it is mimicked by application of Src tyrosine kinase inside the cell via the whole-cell patch electrode or by treatment of the olfactory bulb neurons with the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor pervanadate. The C-type inactivation properties of the outward current in olfactory bulb neurons resemble those of the cloned Kv1.3 potassium channel. In addition, at picomolar concentrations at which it is specific for Kv1.3, the scorpion toxin margatoxin blocks most of the olfactory bulb neuron outward current. Immunocytochemical analysis demonstrates that Kv1.3 is prominent in the cultured olfactory bulb neurons. To identify specific amino acid residues that might be important for potassium current modulation, we examined the effects of pervanadate and insulin on wild-type and mutant Kv1.3 channels expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells. As shown previously, treatment with either pervanadate or insulin suppresses Kv1.3 current in these cells. Mutational analysis demonstrates that at least two distinct tyrosine residues are required for current suppression by pervanadate. Insulin treatment stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of Kv1.3 in HEK 293 cells, and a different combination of tyrosine residues is required for the current suppression by insulin. The results suggest that complex patterns of phosphorylation may be involved in the modulation of neuronal potassium current by receptor and nonreceptor tyrosine kinases.
NEW AROMATIC CYTOKININS CAN MAKE THE DIFFERENCE (2006)

A number of derivatives of the cytokinin 6-(3-hydroxybenzylamino)purine (meta-topolin, mT) was evaluated in the micropropagation system of Petunia hybrida or Rosa hybrida: 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)purine (meta-methoxytopulin, MemT), 6-(3-methoxybenzylamino)purine-9-riboside (MemTR), 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine (FmT) and 6-(3-fluorobenzylamino)purine-9-riboside (FmTR). A leaf-variegated petunia chimera with a green-white-green (GWG) histogenic composition was used as a model plant to evaluate meristem stability during micropropagation. MemTR was superior to BA regarding a reliable multiplication of this chimera. In contrast with MemTR, BA induced too much non-variegated shoots. Roses that are micro-., propagated with BA, suffer from early senescence in vitro. From 4-6 weeks on, some leaves and shoots deteriorate and gradually all the plants in the jars die. The compounds FmT and FmTR showed the best shoot multiplication rate but MemTR had the best anti-senescing effects. After 18 weeks, only half of the plants on MemTR was completely brown. For BA, mT, MemT, MemTR, FmT and FmTR, this was respectively 85, 67, 67, 93 and 76%.
Terahertz dielectric characterisation of polymethacrylimide rigid foam: The perfect sheer plate? (2004)

Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy measurements have been performed to characterise polymethacrylimide rigid foam in the 0.1–2 THz range. The authors found remarkably low permittivity (∼1.03) and dielectric loss tangent (<0.5%) for thicknesses ranging from 3 to 15 mm with weak frequency dependence, making this material very promising for THz applications.
CAD technique for designing microwave transistor active filters (1991)

A CAD method for designing microwave active filters, based on an extension of the simplified real frequency technique, is presented. This approach is analogous to the design of the matching networks in microwave amplifiers: the filter is developed by cascading active devices with passive two-ports which have a particular form of the transfer function. The potential of the method is illustrated by a computer simulated design of bandpass active filters.
Equilibria for discrete kinetic equations (1998)

We develop a systematic method of constructing equilibria for kinetic models with discrete microscopic velocities. The approach is based on a suitable entropy maximum principle. The $H$ theorem is demonstrated in the continuous and discrete space-time realizations. In addition, we discuss an extension of the Lattice Boltzmann method to irregular grids.
Sympathetic, sensory, and nonneuronal contributions to the cutaneous vasoconstrictor response to local cooling (2004)

Previous work indicates that sympathetic nerves participate in the vascular responses to direct cooling of the skin in humans. We evaluated this hypothesis further in a four-part series by measuring changes in cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) from forearm skin locally cooled from 34 to 29 degrees C for 30 min. In part 1, bretylium tosylate reversed the initial vasoconstriction (-14 +/- 6.6% control CVC, first 5 min) to one of vasodilation (+19.7 +/- 7.7%) but did not affect the response at 30 min (-30.6 +/- 9% control, -38.9 +/- 6.9% bretylium; both P < 0.05, P > 0.05 between treatments). In part 2, yohimbine and propranolol (YP) also reversed the initial vasoconstriction (-14.3 +/- 4.2% control) to vasodilation (+26.3 +/- 12.1% YP), without a significant effect on the 30-min response (-26.7 +/- 6.1% YP, -43.2 +/- 6.5% control; both P < 0.05, P > 0.05 between sites). In part 3, the NPY Y1 receptor antagonist BIBP 3226 had no significant effect on either phase of vasoconstriction (P > 0.05 between sites both times). In part 4, sensory nerve blockade by anesthetic cream (Emla) also reversed the initial vasoconstriction (-20.1 +/- 6.4% control) to one of vasodilation (+213.4 +/- 87.0% Emla), whereas the final levels did not differ significantly (-37.7 +/- 10.1% control, -37.2 +/- 8.7% Emla; both P < 0.05, P > 0.05 between treatments). These results indicate that local cooling causes cold-sensitive afferents to activate sympathetic nerves to release norepinephrine, leading to a local cutaneous vasoconstriction that masks a nonneurogenic vasodilation. Later, a vasoconstriction develops with or without functional sensory or sympathetic nerves.
Characterization of collagens synthesized by cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells. (1981)

Collagen is the major matrix protein produced by corneal endothelial cell cultures and represented 1% of total protein synthesis. The different types of collagen were determined by a combination of DEAE- and CM-cellulose column chromatography using known internal markers. Type III collagen was the major component both deposited in the extracellular matrix and secreted into the media. The basement membrane collagens, types IV and V, were also found in each compartment, although the latter was associated preferentially with the cell matrix. The ratios of types I:III:IV + V collagens synthesized by corneal endothelial cells were 3:16:1.
Cloning and sequence analysis of tryptophan synthetase genes of an extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB27: plasmid transfer from replica-plated Escherichia coli recombinant colonies to competent T. thermophilus cells (1990)

Tryptophan synthetase genes (trpBA) of the extreme thermophile Thermus thermophilus HB27 were cloned by a novel method of direct plasmid transfer from replica-plated Escherichia coli recombinant colonies to competent T. thermophilus HB27 trpB cells. The nucleotide sequences of the trpBA genes were determined. The amino acid sequences deduced from the nucleotide sequences of Thermus trpB and trpA were found to have identities of 54.8 and 28.7%, respectively, with those of E. coli trpB and trpA genes. Low cysteine content (one in trpB; zero in trpA) is a striking feature of these proteins, which may contribute to their thermostability.
Dynamic Erase Voltage and Time Scaling for Extending Lifetime of NAND Flash-Based SSDs (2016)

The decreasing lifetime of NAND flash memory, as a side effect of recent advanced semiconductor process scaling, is emerging as one of major barriers to the wide adoption of SSDs in high-performance computing systems. In this paper, we propose Dynamic Erase Voltage and Time Scaling (DeVTS), an integrated approach to extend the lifetime (particularly, endurance) of NAND flash memory. DeVTS is motivated by our key observation that erasing a NAND block with a lower voltage or at a slower speed can significantly improve NAND endurance. However, using a lower erase voltage causes adverse side effects on the write performance and retention capability of NAND flash memory. In order to improve NAND endurance without affecting the other NAND requirements, we take advantage of idle times between write requests and variations of the retention requirement when writing data to a NAND block erased with a lower voltage. We have implemented a DeVTS-aware FTL, called dvsFTL, which exploits the tradeoff relationship between the endurance and erase voltages/times by accurately predicting the write performance and retention requirements. Our experimental results show that dvsFTL can improve NAND endurance by 94 percent, on average, over an existing DeVTS-unaware FTL while all the NAND requirements are preserved.
The Research on the Realizing Mechanism and Social Consequences of Rumor (2011)

The realization of rumor is a negative social fact.Rumor is constructed by society.The realization of rumor is the actors' rational choice which founded on the judgement for certain values and rewards.It is the rumor which not only reflects the conflict between human being's micro-motives and macro-behavior,but also reveals the clash between functional ration and essential ration.
Breast Cancer Stem Cells Survive Periods of Farnesyl-Transferase Inhibitor-Induced Dormancy by Undergoing Autophagy (2011)

A cancer stem cell has been defined as a cell within a tumor that possesses the capacity to self-renew and to cause the heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells that comprise the tumor. These tumor-forming cells could hypothetically originate from stem, progenitor, or differentiated cells. Previously, we have shown that breast cancer cells with low metastatic potential can be induced into a reversible state of dormancy by farnesyl transferase inhibitors (FTIs). Dormancy was induced by changes in RhoA and RhoC GTPases. Specifically, RhoA was found to be hypoactivated while RhoC was hyperactivated. In the current study we demonstrate that these dormant cells also express certain known stem cell markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase I (ALDHI) and cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44). We also show that autophagy markers Atg5, Atg12, and LC3-B are expressed in these dormant stem cell-like breast cancer cells. Inhibiting autophagy by inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) blocked the process of autophagy reversing the dormant phenotype. Further, we show that c-jun NH2 terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) is upregulated in these dormant stem cell-like breast cancer cells and is responsible for increasing autophagy.
Backing into the future: pharmacological approaches to the management of resistant depression (2017)

Pragmatic studies indicate that a substantial number of depressed patients do not remit with current first-line antidepressant treatments and after two failed treatment steps the chance of remission with subsequent therapies is around 15%. This paper focuses on current evidence for pharmacological treatments in resistant depression as well as possible future developments. For patients who have failed to respond to two antidepressant trials, augmentation with atypical antipsychotic drugs, specifically quetiapine and aripiprazole, has the best evidence for efficacy, though older treatments such as lithium and triiodothyronine still have utility. The striking antidepressant effect of ketamine in resistant depression has stimulated research into glutamatergic compounds; however, capturing the efficacy of ketamine with drugs suitable for continuous use has proved challenging. Growing knowledge of the pathophysiological role of inflammation in depression offers great opportunities for future treatment in terms of repurposing anti-inflammatory agents from general medicine and pre-treatment stratification of those depressed patients in whom such interventions are likely to be beneficial. Finally an older drug, the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole, if used carefully may well improve the prospects of depressed patients who are refractory to current approaches.
3D Analysis of the Morphology and Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes by Energy-Filtered Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography (2012)

We present here the application of the energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) in the tomographic mode to determine the precise 3D distribution of nitrogen within nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs). Several tilt series of energy-filtered images were acquired on the K ionization edges of carbon and nitrogen on a multiwalled N-CNT containing a high amount of nitrogen. Two tilt series of carbon and nitrogen 2D maps were then calculated from the corresponding energy-filtered images by using a proper extraction procedure of the chemical signals. Applying iterative reconstruction algorithms provided two spatially correlated C and N elemental-selective volumes, which were then simultaneously analyzed with the shape-sensitive reconstruction deduced from Zero-Loss recordings. With respect to the previous findings, crucial information obtained by analyzing the 3D chemical maps was that, among the two different kind of arches formed in these nanotubes (transversal or rounded ones depending on their morphology), the transversal arches contain more nitrogen than do the round ones. In addition, a detailed analysis of the shape-sensitive volume allowed the observation of an unexpected change in morphology along the tube axis: close to the round arches (with less N), the tube is roughly cylindrical, whereas near the transversal ones (with more N), its shape changes to a prism. This relatively new technique is very powerful in the material science because it combines the ability of the classical electron tomography to solve 3D structures and the chemical selectivity of the EFTEM imaging.
Add trip security to arc-flash detection for safety and reliability (2009)

Arc-flash detection sensors provide a cost-effective way to reduce arc-flash energy by minimizing detection times. High-speed light detection and tripping can compromise protection security by misoperating during changing light conditions. Trip circuits using arc-flash light detection should be supervised using overcurrent protection with similar fast detection speeds. Combining arc-flash detection and high-speed overcurrent from a protective relay provides fast tripping and security, using both instantaneous overcurrent and light from the arc flash. The combination of relay and arc sensor provides independent fault detection with two separate technologies, thereby eliminating false trips from lighting and providing the fastest detection and tripping possible. Time coordination delays are eliminated when the arc is detected concurrently with an overcurrent. This paper presents the advantages of fast overcurrent detection combined with arc-flash measurement to produce a sensitive, fast, and secure tripping scheme.
Magnetic field surveys of coastal waters using an AUV-towed magnetometer (2013)

AUV-based measurement of the magnetic field offshore of South Florida is described. The effort is part of a measurement program involving observations from fixed and mobile sensor systems in the region in support of characterizing the local background magnetic field in coastal waters. A SeaSpy magnetometer is towed at some distance from a Bluefin 21 AUV in order that the measurements of the magnetic field are not corrupted by the magnetic noise onboard the AUV. The SeaSpy magnetometer has a sensitivity of 0.01nT and resolution of 0.001nT so that it can facilitate observations in the expected measurement range of interest, 0.01 - 1 nT. The AUV is equipped with onboard upward (600kHz) and downward (300kHz) looking ADCPs, and a CTD package which simultaneously provide the contextual in-situ oceanographic information, including temperature, salinity, and current velocity in the water column. Implementation of the towing system and the considerations given in making the implementation are described. Results from preliminary missions involving towing of the magnetometer in coastal waters are described.
Perturbing Walton's Model for Unconsolidated Sands with Anisotropic Stresses (2012)

We examine the form of the Walton grain pack model for elastic moduli by performing a perturbation analysis from an isotropic state of stress. The coefficients derived evolve rapidly under low stress conditions, and describe orthorhombic anisotropy with ellipticity in the symmetry planes. The results can be exactly represented by an isotropic third order elastic tensor only for the case in which there is no friction on the grain contacts. We present the results in a convenient form and see that the contact friction between grains controls the amount of influence that stresses perpendicular to polarization and propagation directions have on P- and S-wave velocities. We caution that the results require calibration to experimental data to alleviate the known shortcomings of the Walton model when predicting stress dependent behaviour.
Death Following Creatine Kinase-MB Elevation After Coronary Intervention (2002)

Patients with CK-MB elevation after PCI are at excess risk of death for 3 to 4 months, although prolonging hospitalization for CK-MB 1 to 5x is unlikely to modify risk. CK-MB >5x normal, incomplete revascularization, elevated C-reactive protein, heart failure, the elderly, and hospital discharge without on statin therapy increases risk. Several of these factors suggest that inflammation may play a part in the excess risk of death.
Localization of RNA from heat-induced polysomes at puff sites in Drosophila melanogaster. (1975)

Heat treatment of D. melanogaster tissue culture cells causes drastic changes in the pattern of protein synthesis and the size distribution of polysomes. Like the heat shock puffs on polytene chromosomes which appear while preexisting puffs regress, heat shock proteins appear on gels while the synthesis of preexisting proteins is sharply reduced, and heat-induced polysomes appear on gradients after preexisting polysomes have disappeared. Most of the poly(adenylic acid)-containing RNA isolated from high-temperature polysomes sediments in sucrose gradients and migrates in gels as a rather narrow band. This RNA is of sufficient size to code for one particular protein that is found to account for more than half of the total synthesis at high temperature. The RNA hybridizes in situ mainly at chromosome sub-division 87B, the site of the major heat shock puff.
A Cluster of Cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Hong Kong (2003)

SARS appears to be infectious in origin. Fever followed by rapidly progressive respiratory compromise is the key complex of signs and symptoms from which the syndrome derives its name. The microbiologic origins of SARS remain unclear.