gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Light Scattering on Ultraviolet Difference Spectra<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Light Scattering on Ultraviolet Difference Spectra1S. J. Leach and H. A. ScheragaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 18, 4790–4792Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01503a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01503a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1010Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive quantification of blood potassium concentration from ECG in hemodialysis patients (2017)

Blood potassium concentration ([K<sup>+</sup>]) influences the electrocardiogram (ECG), particularly T-wave morphology. We developed a new method to quantify [K<sup>+</sup>] from T-wave analysis and tested its clinical applicability on data from dialysis patients, in whom [K<sup>+</sup>] varies significantly during the therapy. To elucidate the mechanism linking [K<sup>+</sup>] and T-wave, we also analysed data from long QT syndrome type 2 (LQT2) patients, testing the hypothesis that our method would have underestimated [K<sup>+</sup>] in these patients. Moreover, a computational model was used to explore the physiological processes underlying our estimator at the cellular level. We analysed 12-lead ECGs from 45 haemodialysis and 12 LQT2 patients. T-wave amplitude and downslope were calculated from the first two eigenleads. The T-wave slope-to-amplitude ratio (T<sub>S/A</sub>) was used as starting point for an ECG-based [K<sup>+</sup>] estimate (K<sub>ECG</sub>). Leave-one-out cross-validation was performed. Agreement between K<sub>ECG</sub> and reference [K<sup>+</sup>] from blood samples was promising (error: -0.09 ± 0.59 mM, absolute error: 0.46 ± 0.39 mM). The analysis on LQT2 patients, also supported by the outcome of computational analysis, reinforces our interpretation that, at the cellular level, delayed-rectifier potassium current is a main contributor of K<sub>ECG</sub> correlation to blood [K<sup>+</sup>]. Following a comprehensive validation, this method could be effectively applied to monitor patients at risk for hyper/hypokalemia.
Enzymatic Modification of Pectin To Increase Its Calcium Sensitivity while Preserving Its Molecular Weight (2002)

A commercial high-methoxy citrus pectin was treated with a purified salt-independent pectin methylesterase (PME) isozyme isolated from Valencia orange peel to prepare a series of deesterified pectins. A series of alkali-deesterified pectins was also prepared at pH 10 under conditions permitting beta-elimination. Analysis of these pectins using high-performance size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with on-line multiangle laser light-scattering, differential viscometer, and refractive index (RI) detectors revealed no reduction in weight-average molecular weight (M(w); 150000) in the PME-treated pectin series, whereas a 16% reduction in intrinsic viscosity (IV) occurred below a degree of esterification (DE) of 47%. In contrast, alkali deesterification rapidly reduced both M(w) and IV to less than half of that observed for untreated pectin. PME treatment of a non-calcium-sensitive citrus pectin introduced calcium sensitivity with only a 6% reduction in the DE. Triad blocks of unesterified galacturonic acid were observed in (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this calcium-sensitive pectin (CSP). These results demonstrate that the orange salt-independent PME isozyme utilizes a blockwise mode of action. This is the first report of the preparation of a CSP by PME treatment without significant loss of the pectin's M(w) due to depolymerization.
Incorporation of Amorphous Metals into MEMS for High Performance and Reliability (2003)

Abstract : Amorphous or amorphous derived metals have properties that can be very different from their crystalline counterparts. Since mechanisms for crystalline slip are absent, they can have high hardness and strength and exhibit high elastic strain before failure. Increasing the elastic limit of a component metal has the potential to enable the redesign of MEMS components to achieve higher performance for a given size device. To exploit these properties, Rockwell Scientific teamed with INEEL to develop the MEMS process flow to incorporate amorphous metals into MEMS devices. This report summarizes the results of a program to investigate one amorphous metal for MEMS insertion. The technologies developed in this program include: 1. Successful preparation of deposition targets by thermal spraying at INEEL. 2. Successful deposition of uniform coatings of amorphous alloy on silicon substrates by both laser ablation and sputtering. 3. Successful processing of MEMS test structures incorporating amorphous metals demonstrating. Only one amorphous alloy has been investigated and other amorphous alloys may prove more suitable for specific applications. Issues such as residual stress control, material property optimization and property characterization remain in need of further work.
Secondary Interactions Affecting the Dissociation Patterns of Arginine-Containing Peptide Ions (1996)

An explanation is proposed for the dominance of arginine in the dissociation patterns of peptides. Experiments measuring the kinetic energy lost by parent ions of a number of arginine-containing peptides in the formation of particular product ions provide a means of gauging the amount of energy required to observe the dissociation. It is proposed that the higher amounts of energy needed to observe dissociation adjacent to an arginine residue are due to secondary interactions between the arginine side chain and an adjacent amino acid. The appearance of the (bn-1 + OH) ion in the MS/MS spectra of many arginine-containing peptides and data acquired on a quadrupole ion trap help support these findings. We further suggest that the differences in the dissociation between peptides with arginine and those without may be due to the predominance of different reaction mechanisms, i.e. charge-remote versus charge-directed.
Das Internet als Marketing-Instrument pharmazeutischer Firmen (1999)

Das Internet ist bekanntlich ein weltweiter Verbund von inzwischen zigmillio-nen Computern, der ursprünglich auf militärische Bedürfnisse der USA in den 60er Jahren zurückgeht. Wenn heute vom Internet gesprochen wird, so ist eigentlich nur ein Teil, das World Wide Web (abgekürzt „www“) mit seiner grafischen Benutzeroberfläche gemeint, und daher werden die beiden Begriffe hier im Text auch synonym verwendet. Und auch die militärische Bedeutung des Internets ist zumindest nicht mehr offensichtlich. Andere, ältere Datenaustausch-Protokolle, wie z.B. Gopher, WAIS oder das File Transfer Protocol (FTP), spielen für die hier diskutierten Aspekte keine wichtige Rolle mehr.
Task Performance Metrics in Human-Robot Interaction: Taking a Systems Approach (2004)

Performance metrics for human-robot interaction in urban search and rescue (USAR) are just beginning to appear in the literature as researchers try to establish a way of describing and evaluating human-robot task performance in this high-risk, time-critical domain. In this paper we propose that human-robot interaction metrics should focus on the work system as a whole, examining the robot’s effects on human task performance within the overarching context of human work. Moreover, these effects should be examined within the context of real-time human performance in field settings, rather than in simulation or experimental environments. This position stems from a basic assumption that we are interested in measuring human-robot interaction in USAR because we want to see how it affects and aids human performance in this time and safety-critical environment. We present a methodology for collecting data in the field and subsequent analysis using the Robot-Assisted Search and Rescue Coding System (RASAR-CS), specifically developed for this domain. The RASAR-CS allows us to capture 1)basic verbal and non verbal communications describing the task and how it is accomplished (what is being said, by who to whom); 2)situation awareness information requirements (from the robot and other sources)- for developing and maintaining situation awareness, including the ability to capture changing requirements over time; 3)team processes enabling coordinated activities, efficient communication and strategy planning; and 4) human-robot interaction in terms of: robot-operator initiated robot activities, and physical interaction with robot.
Phonon cooling and lasing with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2013)

We investigate the strain-induced coupling between a nitrogen-vacancy impurity and a resonant vibrational mode of a diamond nanoresonator. We show that under near-resonant laser excitation of the electronic states of the impurity, this coupling can modify the state of the resonator and either cool the resonator close to the vibrational ground state or drive it into a large-amplitude coherent state. We derive a semiclassical model to describe both effects and evaluate the stationary state of the resonator mode under various driving conditions. In particular, we find that by exploiting resonant single- and multiphonon transitions between near-degenerate electronic states, the coupling to high-frequency vibrational modes can be significantly enhanced and dominate over the intrinsic mechanical dissipation. Our results show that a single nitrogen-vacancy impurity can provide a versatile tool to manipulate and probe individual phonon modes in nanoscale diamond structures.
Fabrication of vertically stacked single-crystalline Si nanowires using self-limiting oxidation (2011)

A simple method for fabricating vertically stacked single-crystal silicon nanowires on standard bulk silicon wafers is presented. The process uses inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching to create silicon fins with uneven yet controllable vertical profiles. The fins are then thermally oxidized in a self-limiting process, and the narrow regions are completely consumed to create multiple nanowires vertically stacked on each other. It was found that the number of nanowires in the vertical stack depends on the number of ICP cycles. A mechanism for the formation of the nanowires is proposed and confirmed with numerical simulations.
Modulatory effect of cod-liver oil on Na+-K+ ATPase in rats’ brain (2010)

Omega-3 fatty acids were used in the treatment of psychiatric diseases such as bipolar disorder. Na(+), K(+)-ATPase is also a well-known target for these fatty acids. In this study, we investigated the impact of cod-liver oil (CLO), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) on Na(+), K(+)-ATPase, cholinesterase activities, the levels of norepinephrine (NE) and acetylcholine in different regions of rat brain. Our results showed that DHA caused a significant depression in cerebellum Na(+), K( +)-ATPase, whereas CLO activated it. In addition, CLO, EPA and DHA produced a significant activation in Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity in medulla, midbrain and hypothalamus. There were non-significant changes in the activity of cholinesterase enzyme in cerebellum and medulla, while in midbrain and hypothalamus the CLO, DHA and EPA enhanced the activity by 75%, 100% and 78%, respectively. The content of NE in hypothalamus showed slight increase in different regions of the brain of animals fed CLO, DHA or EPA. In conclusion, CLO, DHA or EPA supplementation had a beneficial effect that associated with a normalization of fatty acids incorporation into phospholipid membranes and a partial restoration of Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity, suggesting that CLO supplementation may improve fatty acid composition and moderately enhance Na(+), K(+)-ATPase activity.
Silicon-modified carbohydrate surfactants IX: dynamic wetting of a perfluorinated solid surface by solutions of a siloxane surfactant above and below the critical micelle concentration (1998)

The dynamic wetting behaviour on a perfluorinated, low-energy solid has been investigated for a carbohydrate-modified phenylsiloxane surfactant. The surfactant concentration, the rate of interface generation and the [solid/liquid interface area] : [liquid/vapour interface area] ratio were varied systematically. Dynamic data for the liquid/vapour (γlv) and solid/liquid (γsl) interfacial tension as well as their Lifshitz–van der Waals and donor–acceptor contributions were determined under strictly controlled conditions. Since γsl reacts sensitively to variations of the surfactant concentration and the rate of interface generation, the covering of the liquid/non-polar solid interface is assumed to be a spreading limiting factor. The corresponding γlv values remain constant and close to those obtained under equilibrium conditions. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Musical Structure of Time in the Brain: Repetition, Rhythm, and Harmony in fMRI During Rest and Passive Movie Viewing (2020)

Space generally overshadows time in the construction of theories in cognitive neuroscience. In this paper, we pivot from the spatial axes to the temporal, analyzing fMRI image series to reveal structures in time rather than space. To determine affinities among global brain patterns at different times, core concepts in network analysis (derived from graph theory) were applied temporally, as relations among brain images at every time point during an fMRI scanning epoch. To explore the temporal structures observed through this adaptation of network analysis, data from 180 subjects in the Human Connectome Project were examined, during two experimental conditions: passive movie viewing and rest. The temporal brain, like the spatial brain, exhibits a modular structure, where "modules" are intermittent (distributed in time). These temporal entities are here referred to as themes. Short sequences of themes - motifs - were studied in sequences from 4 to 11 s in length. Many motifs repeated at constant intervals, and are therefore rhythmic; rhythms, converted to frequencies, were often harmonic. We speculate that the structure and interaction of these global oscillations underwrites the capacity to experience and navigate a world which is both recognizably stable and noticeably changing at every moment - a temporal world. In its temporal structure, this brain-constituted world resembles music.
CO Oxidation on Au<i><sub>n</sub></i>/TiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts Produced by Size-Selected Cluster Deposition (2004)

Planar model catalysts were prepared by deposition of size-selected gold clusters containing up to seven atoms on rutile TiO2 (110). Molecular oxygen is observed to bind inefficiently to the surface, probably at oxygen vacancies, and some oxygen also appears to bind to the gold clusters. Stable CO binding is observed atop gold for catalysts prepared by Au and Au2 deposition, but not for larger Aun. CO oxidation activity is strongly dependent on cluster size, with Au7-prepared samples >50 times more reactive than samples prepared by Au or Au2 deposition
An overlap-add technique based on waveform similarity (WSOLA) for high quality time-scale modification of speech (1993)

A concept of waveform similarity for tackling the problem of time-scale modification of speech is proposed. It is worked out in the context of short-time Fourier transform representations. The resulting WSOLA (waveform-similarity-based synchronized overlap-add) algorithm produces high-quality speech output, is algorithmically and computationally efficient and robust, and allows for online processing with arbitrary time-scaling factors that may be specified in a time-varying fashion and can be chosen over a wide continuous range of values.< <ETX>></ETX>
Objective assessment of vitiligo with a computerised digital imaging analysis system (2014)

Out of 56 patients, 44 (79%) responded. Overall, the response was mild in 22 (39%), moderate in 21(40%) and good in one (2%) patient(s). A total of 39 (70%) patients responded as measured by PGA. The repigmentation was mild in 27(48%), moderate in 10 (18%) and good to excellent in two (4%) patients. The κ test of consistency was 0.17 (P = 0.053), which shows poor agreement between the two assessment methods, although this is not statistically significant. The C-DIAS can be used to perform an objective analysis of repigmentation or depigmentation in vitiligo skin lesions in response to treatment.
Building a programmable multiplexing service using concast (2002)

Concast is a scalable "inverse-multicast" network service: messages sent from multiple sources toward the same destination are merged into a single message that is delivered to the destination. The mapping from sent messages to received messages is programmable, so the service can be tailored to the needs of specific applications. However the service can also be used as a building block for other generic network services, such as a packet multiplexing service that encapsulates multiple small packets into a single larger packet and then unencapsulates the small packets at their (common) destination. Such a service offers several potential benefits, including reduced packet processing overhead and increased rate-sharing, but must also be carefully designed to avoid problems caused by added packet delays. We show how concast can serve as the basis for a multiplexing service that can be tailored to the needs of the application. We present simulation results showing that the benefits of our multiplexing service vary with delay. We also show that given certain queue-manipulation capabilities, benefits can be achieved with zero added delay.
Mapping Priority Setting in Health in 17 Countries Across Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa (2016)

—As more low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) commit to universal health coverage (UHC), there is a growing need for rational priority setting using health technology assessment (HTA) and other policy tools. We describe an approach for rapidly mapping LMICs' capacity and needs for rational priority setting, aimed at identifying candidate countries where technical assistance would be most viable, and present our findings from applying this approach to three continents.Drawing on the multiple streams theory and a conceptual model of HTA in health systems, we developed qualitative and quantitative indicators for political commitment, current position along UHC journey, institutional and technical capacity, health system financing characteristics, and potential economies of scale in rational priority setting and associated data collection tools. We additionally defined criteria for shortlisting countries, emphasizing feasibility of technical assistance. We purposively sampled 17 countries and gathered data up to May 2014 from various sources and applied the shortlisting criteria to these countries.The four shortlisted countries (Indonesia, Myanmar, South Africa, Ghana) had varying capacities for rational priority setting and shared clear demand for rational priority setting as a means of achieving UHC. Indonesia was the strongest candidate for technical assistance, given the potential scale of impact on its large population and potential lessons for LMICs transitioning from aid. We conducted additional in-country scoping, and technical assistance to support HTA development in Indonesia is now underway.Our approach is of potential value to development funders and initiatives seeking to maximize the impact of their aid investments in support of UHC.
Gas Turbine Parameter Corrections (1999)

The various parameters appearing along an engine’s gas path, such as flows, pressures, temperatures, speeds, etc., not only vary with power condition but also with the ambient conditions at the engine’s inlet. Since a change in inlet temperature and/or pressure will contribute to an attendant change in a gas path parameter’s value, it would be difficult to characterize the aero-thermodynamic relationships between gas turbine engine parameters, (even at a constant engine operating point) unless the ambient conditions are somehow accounted for. This is usually accomplished through the use of corrected engine parameters. Although most of these corrections are well known by practitioners in the industry, knowledge of their origin does not appear to be as commonplace. The purpose of this paper is to fill that gap and furnish a summary of the commonly used corrections for the “major” gas path parameters that are used in performance analysis, diagnostics, and control design, and to offer a derivation of these corrections. We will suggest both an analytic approach as well as an empirical approach. The latter can be used to establish the correction for parameters not directly addressed in this paper, as well as to fine tune the correction factors when actual engine data is available.
Concurrent communication among multi-transceiver stations over shared media (1987)

In order to increase a local-area network's throughput beyond a single bus data rate without using dedicated switching nodes, multiple buses and multitransceiver stations are required. The design space of single-hop interconnections is explored among such stations. Interconnections are presented whose throughput can grow quadratically with the number of transmitters and receivers per station. These are referred to as selective broadcast interconnections (SBIs). The performance of various SBIs are studied. A spread-spectrum channel can accommodate several current successful transmission, and a single-transceiver node can thus utilize only a small fraction of the channel capacity. In order to allocate the appropriate fraction of capacity to a busy node, it is proposed to equip it with several transmitters and receivers, thereby turning it into a supernode. Several architectures and operation policies for supernodes are suggested and compared. It is shown that a supernode can significantly outperform a collection of independent conventional nodes with the same total numbers of transmitters and receivers. Packet-radio networks with half-duplex nodes, as well as networks with full-duplex nodes, are considered.