gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Distributed Edge Learning: How Many Edge Devices Do We Need? (2020)

We consider distributed machine learning at the wireless edge, where a parameter server builds a global model with the help of multiple wireless edge devices that perform computations on local dataset partitions. Edge devices transmit the result of their computations (updates of current global model) to the server using a fixed rate and orthogonal multiple access over an error prone wireless channel. In case of a transmission error, the undelivered packet is retransmitted until successfully decoded at the receiver. Leveraging on the fundamental tradeoff between computation and communication in distributed systems, our aim is to derive how many edge devices are needed to minimize the average completion time while guaranteeing convergence. We provide upper and lower bounds for the average completion and we find a necessary condition for adding edge devices in two asymptotic regimes, namely the large dataset and the high accuracy regime. Conducted experiments on real datasets and numerical results confirm our analysis and substantiate our claim that the number of edge devices should be carefully selected for timely distributed edge learning.
Retinoids as Differentiating Agents in Oncology: A Network of Interactions with Intracellular Pathways as the Basis for Rational Therapeutic Combinations (2007)

Retinoic acid and natural as well as synthetic derivatives (retinoids) are promising anti-neoplastic agents endowed with both therapeutic and chemopreventive potential. Although the treatment of acute promyelocic leukemia with all-trans retinoic acid is an outstanding example, the full potential of retinoids in oncology has not yet been exploited and a more generalized use of these compounds is not yet a reality. This may be the result of issues such as natural and induced resistance as well as local and systemic toxicity. One way to enhance the therapeutic and chemopreventive activity of retinoic acid and derivatives is to identify rational combinations between these compounds and other pharmacological agents. This is now possible given the wealth of information available on the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying the biological activity of retinoids. At the cellular level, the anti-leukemia and anti-cancer activity of retinoids is the result of three main actions, cell-differentiation, growth inhibition and apoptosis. At the molecular level, retinoids act through the activation of nuclear-retinoic-acid-receptor-dependent and-independent pathways. The cellular pathways and molecular networks relevant for retinoid activity are modulated by a panoply of other intra-cellular and extra-cellular pathways that may be targeted by known drugs and other experimental therapeutics. The review article aims to summarize and critically discuss the available knowledge in the field and provide a rational framework that may be useful for the design of effective drug combinations with the potential to enhance the therapeutic index of retinoids.
Anchimeric assistance in the intramolecular reaction of glucose-dehydrogenase-polyethylene glycol NAD conjugate. (1986)

Polyethylene glycol-bound derivatives of NAD(P) (PEG-NAD(P)) are water-soluble macromolecular coenzymes used in continuous enzyme reactors. These NAD(P) derivatives have good coenzyme activity for many dehydrogenases, but some enzymes such as glucose dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.47) show very low activity with these derivatives (less than 0.1% of that for native NAD(P)). In this work, we prepared a covalently linked glucose-dehydrogenase-polyethylene glycol-NAD conjugate (GlcDH-PEG-NAD) and found that the conjugate shows a much higher reaction rate than that of the native enzyme plus PEG-NAD: the ratio of the reaction rates of GlcDH-PEG-NAD and the native enzyme plus PEG-NAD is calculated to be 10,000-fold at the concentrations of the enzyme subunit and NAD moiety of 0.31 and 0.65 microM, respectively; the rate of the conjugate is even higher than that of the native enzyme plus native NAD. This rate acceleration is due to the increase in the effective concentration of NAD moiety ("anchimeric assistance") and demonstrates the potential of covalent linking for improving the interaction between an enzyme and a coenzyme derivative.
<i>In Vitro</i> Drug Release and Hemocompatibility of Biodegradable Plga/Peg Coated Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents (2013)

The Paclitaxel-eluting stents (PTX) with biodegradable copolymer coating were studied in investigations. The polymer blend composition of PLGA (polylactic acid-co-glycolic acid) and PEG (poly ethylene glycol) have been applied as drug carrier and fabricated on the surface of 316L stainless steel stents by ultrasonic atomization spraying method. Were explored three doses: low-dose (~80μg per stent, 10 wt%), moderate-dose (~150μg per stent , 20 wt%), and high-dose (~220μg per stent , 30 wt%). The weight ratio of Paclitaxel to PLGA/PEG blends was 10:90, 20:80, and 30:70. Pre- and post-expansion surface morphologies of the Paclitaxel-eluting copolymer coating stents were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The quantitative analysis of Paclitaxel release in vitro and hemocompatibility by hemolysis ratio and dynamic clotting time measurement also were investigated.
<b>Elastic Liquids.</b> By A. S. L<scp>ODGE</scp>. Academic Press, 1964. 389 pp. 75<i>s</i>. (1965)

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Adaptive monitoring to enhance water sensor capabilities for chemical and biological contaminant detection in drinking water systems (2006)

Optoelectronic and other conventional water quality sensors offer a potential for real-time online detection of chemical and biological contaminants in a drinking water supply and distribution system. The nature of the application requires sensors of detection capabilities at low contaminant concentrations, for continuous data acquisition and management, and with reduced background noise and low false detection rates for a wide spectrum of contaminants. To meet these application requirements, feasibilities of software-based methods were examined and a novel technique was developed using adaptive monitoring and contaminant detection methodologies. This new monitoring and early detection framework relies on the local adaptive and network adaptive sensors in order to reduce background noise interference and enhance contaminant peak identifications. After "noise" reduction, the sensor measurements can be assembled and analyzed for temporal, spatial and inter-parameter relationships. Further detection reliability improvement is accomplished through signal interpretation in term of chemical signatures and in consideration of contaminant fate and transport in pipe flows. Based on this integrated adaptive approach, a data statistical compression technique can be used to process and reduce the sensor onboard data for background variations, which frequently represent a bulk of inflowing data stream. The adaptive principles and methodology were examined using a pilot-scale distribution simulator at the U.S. EPA Test & Evaluation facility. Preliminary results indicate the research and development activities on adaptive monitoring may lead to the emergence of a practical drinking water online detection system.
Modeling of Moving Breakdown by Femtosecond Laser Pulses in Dielectrics (2000)

Abstract Laser ablation is becoming increasingly important in the fields of micromaching, thin film formation, and bioengineering applications. In laser ablation, the ablation rates and feature quality strongly depend on the size of the breakdown region in the material. This region is characterized by a high density of free electrons, which absorb a large fraction of energy from the laser pulse that results in material vaporization in solids or liquids. For nanosecond- and picosecond pulses, the breakdown region tends to form near the beam focus and then expand back along the beam path toward the laser; this phenomenon is called moving breakdown. For femtosecond pulses, however, breakdown begins up the beam path and then propagates toward the focal point. A moving breakdown model presented by Docchio et al. (1988a) successfully explains and predicts the time-dependent breakdown region in the nanosecond regime, however it does not adequately describe propagation of the breakdown region at pico- and femtosecond time scales. In the present work, a modified moving breakdown model is proposed that includes the pulse propagation and small spatial extent of ultrafast laser pulses. This revised model shows that pulse propagation becomes significant for pulsewidths less than 10 picoseconds. The new model characterizes the pulse behavior as it interacts with a material within the focal volume in both solids and liquids. The model may also be useful in estimating the time- and space-resolved electron density in the interaction volume, the breakdown threshold of a material, shielding effectiveness, energy deposition, and the temperature increase in the material.
Nucleotide sequence of a gene encoding an organophosphorus nerve agent degrading enzyme from Alteromonas haloplanktis (1997)

Organophosphorus acid anhydrolases (OPAA) catalyzing the hydrolysis of a variety of toxic organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitors offer potential for decontamination of G-type nerve agents and pesticides. The gene (opa) encoding an OPAA was cloned from the chromosomal DNA of Alteromonas haloplanktis ATCC 23821. The nucleotide sequence of the 1.7 -kb DNA fragment contained the opa gene (1.3 kb) and its flanking region. We report structural and functional similarity of OPAAs from A. haloplanktis and Alteromonas sp JD6.5 with the enzyme prolidase that hydrolyzes dipeptides with a prolyl residue in the carboxyl-terminal position. These results corroborate the earlier conclusion that the OPAA is a type of X-Pro dipeptidase, and that X-Pro could be the native substrate for such an enzyme in Alteromonas cells.
Polymers and Environment I. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Aliphatic Polyesters by Lipases. (1993)

23種類の市販リパーゼを用いて分子構造の異なる5種の脂肪族ポリエステルの酵素分解実験を行い, 酵素分解速度に及ぼすポリエステルの分子構造の影響について調べた. ポリエステルには, ポリ [ (R) -3-ヒドロキシブチラート]: P [ (R) -3HB], ポリ (3-ヒドロキシプロピオナート): P (3HP), ポリ (4-ヒドロキシブチラート): P (4HB), ポリ (5-ヒドロキシバレラート): P (5HV), ポリ (6-ヒドロキシヘキサノアート) : P (6HH) の5種類を用い, それらのフイルムの酵素分解反応を37℃, pH7.4のリン酸緩衝液中で行い, フィルムの重量減少量から, 酵素分解速度を決定した. 特定のポリエステルに分解活性を示す酵素リパーゼの種類は, モノマーユニットの炭素数が増加するにつれて減少した; P (3HP) >P (4HB) >P (5HV) >P (6HH). 一方, P [ (R) -3HB] はリパーゼによっては全く分解されなかった. ポリエステル加水分解反応に対する酵素リパーゼの特異性について考察した.
Pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime in healthy volunteers (1988)

The pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activity of vancomycin alone and in combination with ceftazidime were investigated in 10 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters showed no significant differences (P less than 0.05) between single and combined administration. No antagonistic effects were observed in serum bactericidal activity with the combination against 20 gram-positive and 20 gram-negative locally isolated bacteria. A titer of greater than or equal to 1:8 was generated by the combination against all test strains except enterococci. Seven of ten volunteers developed a typical "red man's syndrome" during the administration of 1.0 g of vancomycin.
Wind‐Disturbance‐Based Control Approach for Blimp Robots (2014)

SUMMARY Blimps have some advantages, for example, that they do not need driving forces to float and can move in three‐dimensional space. However, it is not easy to control them since they are underactuated systems with nonholonomic constraints. Some papers have presented control technologies, but the technologies need impractical conditions. Furukawa and colleagues presented a blimp control technology considering a nonholonomic situation, but it cannot be used to control blimps in the presence of wind disturbances. This paper introduces a wind‐observer‐based control approach that involves the consideration of wind disturbances. A controller based on the proposed approach can generate a driving force in the direction opposite to that of a wind disturbance and help a blimp move against the wind.
The Properties of the Interstitial Compounds of Graphite. II. The Structure and Stability of Graphite Residue Compounds (1952)

1. Controlled decomposition of lamellar compounds of graphite produces substances intermediate in composition between graphite and lamellar compounds. These intermediate compounds have been termed residue compounds. They are much more resistant to decomposition than the lamellar compounds. 2. The x-ray pattern of residue compounds shows a very slight increase in the c spacing of the graphite lattice. The increase is entirely insufficient to account for the trapped reactant. Consequently, the bulk of the trapped reactant is believed to be situated at crystal imperfections. 3. Quantitative studies of the composition of graphite bromide residue compounds have shown that their composition is strongly dependent on the type and subdivision of the graphite used and the temperature to which the compounds have been heated.
Chronic Inflammation and Cytokines in the Tumor Microenvironment (2014)

Acute inflammation is a response to an alteration induced by a pathogen or a physical or chemical insult, which functions to eliminate the source of the damage and restore homeostasis to the affected tissue. However, chronic inflammation triggers cellular events that can promote malignant transformation of cells and carcinogenesis. Several inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, TGF-β, and IL-10, have been shown to participate in both the initiation and progression of cancer. In this review, we explore the role of these cytokines in important events of carcinogenesis, such as their capacity to generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, their potential mutagenic effect, and their involvement in mechanisms for epithelial mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Finally, we will provide an in-depth analysis of the participation of these cytokines in two types of cancer attributable to chronic inflammatory disease: colitis-associated colorectal cancer and cholangiocarcinoma.
Smad7 Expression in T cells Prevents Colitis-Associated Cancer (2011)

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer due to chronic inflammation. In IBD, chronic inflammation relies upon a TGFβ signaling blockade, but its precise mechanistic relationship to colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of the TGFβ signaling inhibitor Smad7 in CAC pathogenesis. In human colonic specimens, Smad7 was downregulated in CD4(+) T cells located in the lamina propria of patients with complicated IBD compared with uncomplicated IBD. Therefore, we assessed CAC susceptibility in a transgenic mouse model where Smad7 was overexpressed specifically in T cells. In this model, Smad7 overexpression increased colitis severity, but the mice nevertheless developed fewer tumors than nontransgenic mice. Protection was associated with increased expression of IFNγ and increased accumulation of cytotoxic CD8(+) and natural killer T cells in the tumors and peritumoral areas. Moreover, genetic deficiency in IFNγ abolished the Smad7-dependent protection against CAC. Taken together, our findings defined a novel and unexpected role for Smad7 in promoting a heightened inflammatory response that protects against CAC.
Phenanthro[4,5-<i>bcd</i>]furan Derivatives. I. A Synthesis of 5-Hydroxy-1-methoxyphenanthro[4,5-<i>bcd</i>]furan (1973)

Abstract 5-Hydroxy-1-methoxyphenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan(I;R=MeO) was synthesized by dehydrogenation with 20% palladium on charcoal from 5,6,7,7a,8,9-hexahydro-1-methoxy-5-oxophenanthro[4,5-bcd]furan(XVII), which had itself been prepared via a naphthofuran derivative (XVI) starting from 5,8-dimethoxy-1-tetralone (VII).
Frequency control of pulsed optical parametric oscillators (1997)

This paper reviews the basic properties of tunable pulsed BBO-OPOs. The different techniques used to obtain narrowband operation are discussed. The principle of injection seeding is explained and experimental and numerical investigations with a short-cavity OPO are presented. The spectral and output characteristics of a pulsed single-mode OPO system are reported which is tunable over the range 420 - 4000 nm.
Flexible, active support for collaborative work with ConversationBuilder (1992)

Work activities have a highly situated nature.
Self-supervised Simultaneous Alignment and Change Detection (2020)

This study proposes a self-supervised method for detecting scene changes from an image pair. For mobile cameras such as drive recorders, to alleviate the camera viewpoints' difference, image alignment and change detection must be optimized simultaneously because they depend on each other. Moreover, lighting condition makes the scene change detection more difficult because it widely varies in images taken at different times. To solve these challenges, we propose a self-supervised simultaneous alignment and change detection net-work (SACD-Net). The proposed network is robust specifically in differences of camera viewpoints and lighting conditions to simultaneously estimate warping parameters and multi-scale change probability maps while change regions are not taken into account of calculation of the feature consistency and semantic losses. Based on comparative analysis between our self-supervised and the previous supervised models as well as ablation study of the losses of SACD-Net, the results show the effectiveness of the proposed method using a synthetic dataset and our new real dataset.
Settlement in Flow: Upstream Exploration of Substrata by Weakly Swimming Larvae (1997)

Exploration may play a crucial role in habitat choice by larvae of benthic organisms. Experiments testing exploratory behavior of larvae in flow were conducted with cyphonautes larvae of the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. The response of the larvae to two flow parameters—flow direction and shear (i.e., velocity)—was examined by using two different substratum morphologies (flat plate and cylinder), which induce distinct flow patterns. Settling cyphonautes larvae possess a mechanism of locomotion, in addition to swimming, which may facilitate exploration in flow conditions that otherwise would sweep the larvae away. The results show that cyphonautes larvae are able to explore substrata in all directions in flow velocities that are much faster than their locomotion speeds, and that their preferential motion is upstream. This behavior has been largely ignored to date despite its potential ecological importance. For instance, upstream exploration may enable larvae to locate specific, obligatory settlement sites by tracking waterborne chemicals to their sources.
Nonlinear envelope equation modeling of sub-cycle dynamics and harmonic generation in nonlinear waveguides (2007)

We describe generalized nonlinear envelope equation modeling of sub-cycle dynamics on the underlying electric field carrier during one-dimensional propagation in fused silica. Generalized envelope equation simulations are shown to be in excellent quantitative agreement with the numerical integration of Maxwell's equations, even in the presence of shock dynamics and carrier steepening on a sub-50 attosecond timescale. In addition, by separating the effects of self-phase modulation and third harmonic generation, we examine the relative contribution of these effects in supercontinuum generation in fused silica nanowire waveguides.
Fully functional, naturally occurring and C-terminally truncated variant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Vif does not bind to HIV Gag but influences intermediate filament structure (2001)

A variant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vif gene, vifA45-2, which encodes a protein lacking 19 amino acids at the C terminus but which is fully functional in supporting HIV replication in non-permissive cells has been described previously. By employing newly generated anti-VifA45 serum, further properties of VifA45 and its full-length counterpart, VifA45open, in comparison to Vif from HIV strain BH10 are reported in permissive HeLa and COS-7 cells. The results obtained using confocal microscopic localization studies and in vitro binding assays do not support a requirement for the direct interaction of HIV Gag with Vif. Furthermore and in contrast to previous conclusions, detergent solubility analyses do not demonstrate a role for the C terminus of Vif in mediating localization to the fraction containing cellular membrane proteins. Localization of Vif from HIV strain BH10 to perinuclear aggregates in a small fraction (about 10%) of transfected HeLa cells has been previously reported. The intermediate filament protein vimentin colocalizes to these structures. In contrast, VifA45 and VifA45open form perinuclear aggregates in nearly all transfected HeLa cells; vimentin as well as the cytoskeletal-bridging protein plectin, but not the microtubular protein tubulin, become relocalized to these structures. Interestingly, in COS-7 cells, all of the functional Vif proteins tested (Vif from strain BH10, VifA45 and VifA45open) predominantly localize in the cytoplasm but still induce dramatic aggregation of vimentin and plectin, i.e. in these cells the respective Vif proteins are influencing intermediate filament structure in the absence of colocalization.
Coordinate regulation of Bacillus subtilis peroxide stress genes by hydrogen peroxide and metal ions. (1995)

The Bacillus subtilis mrgA gene encodes an abundant DNA-binding protein that protects cells against the lethal effects of H2O2. Transcription of mrgA is induced by H2O2 or by entry into stationary phase when manganese and iron levels are low. We have selected for strains derepressed for transcription of mrgA in the presence of Mn(II). The resulting cis-acting mutants define an operator site just upstream of the mrgA promoter. Similar sequences flank the promoters for the catalase gene, katA, and the heme biosynthesis operon, hemAXCDBL. Like mrgA, transcription of the katA and hem genes is repressed by Mn(II), which thereby potentiates the killing action of H2O2. We identified two classes of trans-acting mutants derepressed for mrgA transcription in the presence of Mn(II): some exhibit a coordinate derepression of MrgA, catalase, heme biosynthesis, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase and are H2O2 resistant, while others have reduced catalase activity and are H2O2 sensitive. These data indicate that the peroxide stress response of B. subtilis is regulated by a repressor that senses both metal ion levels and H2O2.
Heteroepitaxially grown diamond on a <i>c</i>-BN {111} surface (1993)

A continuous diamond film with a thickness of about 10 μm was grown on {111} faces of a single-crystal cubic boron nitride (c-BN) by hot-filament chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Cross-sectional selected area diffraction pattern (SADP) and high resolution electron microscopy (HREM) of the diamond/c-BN interface show that the diamond has a parallel orientation relationship with respect to the substrate.
Syntactic and contextual post-processing of handwritten addresses for optical character recognition (2003)

An optical character recognition (OCR) system is developed for recognizing handwritten and handprinted addresses which include a British postcode written within character boxes. The system makes use of syntactic information concerning postcodes and a postcode database which interacts with the character recognition process to ensure that only valid postcodes are recognized. Postulated valid postcodes are then verified using semantic features of the remainder of the address, to produce a final postcode which both matches the input characters and is compatible with the remainder of the address. Preliminary results are presented to show how the initial stages of syntactic verification can improve character recognition performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>