gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement problems in high-speed networks (2002)

Computer hardware and communications network speeds are rising at a steady rate. From Moore's law we know that the silicon computing power is doubled every 18 months, and especially with the onset of the Internet, the demand for increasing network bandwidth is also on the constant rise. CPU speeds have recently broken through the 1 GHz barrier, and 10 Gbit/sec network connections are becoming common. With the faster clock signal and shrinking silicon dimensions, digital transitions become faster, and presently sub-100 psec transition times are measured. To save power, but also as a need from the smaller silicon feature sizes, digital voltage swings are becoming smaller. The gigabit signaling techniques combined with dense printed-circuit-board wiring create on-board transmission lines where losses and dispersion must be taken into account. Finally, the low operating voltages and highly supply currents create a need for power-distribution impedances in the milliohm range. As a result, measuring and simulating the signals with several GHz bandwidth verifying trace and cable losses and transfer characteristics, measuring power-distribution network impedances creates new challenges. The paper gives an overview of the state-of-the-art measurement solutions for the above fields.
Phosphorylation of the Vesicle Docking Protein p115 Regulates Its Association with the Golgi Membrane (1998)

The vesicle docking protein p115 was found to be phosphorylated in a cell cycle-specific manner; it was found phosphorylated in interphase but not in mitotic cells. During interphase, however, two forms of p115 were detected in the cells; the phosphorylated form was found exclusively in cytosol, whereas the unphosphorylated form was associated with membranes, mostly of the Golgi complex. The latter form was released from the membranes upon phosphorylation. Mutational analysis revealed that the phosphorylation site of p115 was the Ser942 residue in the C-terminal acidic domain. A mutant with a single substitution of Ser942 --> Ala markedly increased its association with the Golgi membrane. Another mutant with Ser942 --> Asp was able to associate with the membrane, although at a decreased level, indicating that the dissociation of p115 from the membrane is not simply due to the negative charge of phosphorylated Ser942. Taken together, these results suggest that the phosphorylation of Ser942 at the C-terminal acidic domain regulates the interaction of p115 with the Golgi membrane, possibly taking part in the regulatory mechanism of vesicular transport.
Development of Dispersant Pre-Approval for Washington and Oregon Coastal Waters (1991)

ABSTRACT Washington State has initiated the development process for a dispersant pre-approval policy. In order to be more effective under the aegis of the Regional Response Team (RRT), the preapproval policy should, however, cover all of Region X, rather than only a given state within the region. The Region X RRT has, therefore, instigated an environmental impact statement (EIS) for dispersant use in the coastal waters of Washington and Oregon. The objective of this study is to develop recommendations for pre-approval so that a spill response can be immediate and therefore efficient and effective. Preparation of the EIS has been funded by industry through a Clean Sound Cooperative contract to Woodward-Clyde Consultants. The first step in the study is to define those operational factors that limit the areas to be considered. The study then follows the dispersant decision guides summarized by the American Petroleum Institute2 to further define oil types, spill situations and geographical areas where dispersants are a viable option. Finally, there is an analysis of the environmental trade-offs associated with alternative treatment methods and with nontreatment, using the comparative modeling technique developed by S. L. Ross Environmental Research, Ltd. The EIS document will be issued by the Washington Department of Ecology (WDOE) and will focus on areas where dispersant use could be beneficial in terms of ecological trade-offs. Based on the study, a statement from the State of Washington Department of Ecology is anticipated to be promulgated by the end of 1990.
Synthetic tumor-associated glycopeptide antigens. (1990)

Glycopeptides with TN antigen (GalNAc)Ser/Thr and T-antigen structures (beta Gall-3GalNAc)Ser/Thr, described as tumor-associated antigens, were synthesized and coupled to bovine serum albumin. Alternatively, synthetic methods for the construction of beta-anomeric analogues of the TN and T-antigen glycopeptides were developed, aiming at antigenic structures having a varied stereochemistry of the linkage between the carbohydrate and the peptide moiety. As a further type of potential tumor-associated antigen, fucosyl-chitobiose asparagine glycopeptides were synthesized, deprotected, and coupled to bovine serum albumin. The chemical methods developed now make the complex sensitive glycoprotein partial structures accessible in analytically pure form and in preparative amounts.
Do hyperenriched black shales correspond with periods of elevated atmospheric O 2 (2015)

Hyperenriched black shales (HBS) contain anomalously high levels of organic carbon and a wide variety of trace elements, in particular Mo, Se, Zn, Ni, Cu, U, and V, and, in some cases, Cr, Co, Ag, Au, PGE, and REE. The source of metals has been controversial, but recent research (e.g. [1]), suggests that seawater could be the source for most redox-sensitive elements.<p> </p> HBS occur at particular times during Earth history, for example in the Early Cambrian to Early Ordovician (Niutitang Fm., S. China; Arthur Creek Fm., N. Australia; Alum Shale, Sweden and Norway), Middle Devonian (Popovich Fm. W. USA; Canol Fm., NW Canada), Middle Carboniferous (Linton, Heath and Chattanooga Fms. USA; Lisburne Group Alaska; Mecca Quarry Shale of the Midcontinent USA), Middle to Late Permian (Kuperschiefer, N. Europe; Phosphoria Fm., USA). Based on Se contents and Se/Co ratios in marine pyrite, periods of HBS deposition occur at peaks of atmosphere-ocean oxygenation [2]. This seems to be counter-intuitive as it suggests that periods of global ocean anoxia suitable for HBS formation coincide with elevated atmospheric O<sub>2</sub>.<p> </p> We suggest the following scenario that may explain this enigma. Cycles start with increased erosion related to continental uplift, which deliver a high nutrient flux of trace metals to the oceans, promoting planktonic productivity and related oxygen release to the atmosphere. The downward flux of organic matter produces widespread anoxia and draws down trace metals, with ultimate deposition of organic-rich HBS in marginal basins, epeiric seas, and on continental shelves. These coupled mechanisms produced nutrient-rich and anoxic-sulfidic deep oceans with HBS peaks at 490-525 Ma, 385-400 Ma, 310-335 Ma, 250-275 Ma, 205 Ma, 130 Ma, and the present day.
PARP inhibitors: the race is on (2016)

ALT alanine transaminase; AST aspartate
Caring in forensic nursing: Expanding the holistic model (2000)

Nurses have practiced forensic nursing for many years without formal recognition of the domain as a discipline for specialized study. Forensic nursing expands the traditional concept of holism to include the medical-legal aspects of potential or actual client problems. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) recently have designated forensic nursing as a unique specialty. Recognition of forensic nursing as a specialty area of practice within nursing mandates that the specialty define and explicate its major conceptual base. A concept germane to the practice of forensic nursing is that of caring. Caring as a central concept to the role of this specialty is discussed, and the implications for its inclusion in a curriculum preparing forensic nurses are explored.
Setting, hardening and resorption of calcium phosphate hydraulic cements. (1992)

Two examples of calcium phosphate hydraulic cements (CPHC) are presented. Type I cements consist in mixtures of beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP) and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM), to which some plaster of Paris (CSH) is added as a setting retardant. Type II cements consist in mixtures of beta-TCP, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) and calcium carbonate (CC), to which some hydroxyapatite (HAP) is added as a setting accelerator. The setting time of these cements ranges from a few minutes up to a few hours, according to their composition and the amount of mixing water. Tensile strengths ranging from 1.2 up to 3.5 MPa have been recorded on cements which porosity ranged from 38 up to 55 vol%. In-vivo experiments on dogs have shown the perfect biocompatibility and resorbability of cement I.
Antifungal activity of wogonin (2003)

The antifungal activity of the wogonin isolated from Holmskioldia sanguinea Retz was determined on four different fungal organisms. The pure compound wogonin significantly inhibited the growth of Aspergillus niger, Penicillium frequentance, P. notatum and Botrytis cinerea, in a concentration dependent fashion, when tested by turbidity and spore germination methods. The effects produced by the compound were compared with the standard antifungal agent griseofulvin.
Genomics and outbreak investigation: from sequence to consequence (2013)

Outbreaks of infection can be devastating for individuals and societies. In this review, we examine the applications of new high-throughput sequencing approaches to the identification and characterization of outbreaks, focusing on the application of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to outbreaks of bacterial infection. We describe traditional epidemiological analysis and show how WGS can be informative at multiple steps in outbreak investigation, as evidenced by many recent studies. We conclude that high-throughput sequencing approaches can make a significant contribution to the investigation of outbreaks of bacterial infection and that the integration of WGS with epidemiological investigation, diagnostic assays and antimicrobial susceptibility testing will precipitate radical changes in clinical microbiology and infectious disease epidemiology in the near future. However, several challenges remain before WGS can be routinely used in outbreak investigation and clinical practice.
Functional characterization of the 5‐HT terminal autoreceptor in the guinea‐pig brain cortex (1996)

1 In guinea-pig cerebral cortical slices in vitro we have shown that the rank order of potency of 5-hydroxytrptamine (5-HT), 5-carboxamidotryptamine and sumatriptan for inhibition of electrically stimulated [3H]-5-HT release correlates well with published data on their 5-HT1D receptor binding affinities. 2 Both the non-selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, methiothepin and the selective 5-HT1D receptor antagonist, N-[4-methoxy-3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl]phenyl]-2'-methyl-4'- (5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-3-yl) [1,1-biphenyl]4-carboxamide (GR127935) increased stimulated [3H]-5-HT release per se and also attenuated agonist-induced inhibition of [3H]-5-HT release. GR127935 (10 nM-100 nM) produced a pA2 of 9.0 against 5-HT, which is consistent with its 5-HT1D receptor binding affinity. 3 From these findings we conclude that, in guinea-pig cerebral cortex, the 5-HT terminal autoreceptor is of the 5-HT1D receptor subtype. However, three observations suggest the presence of multiple terminal autoreceptors: shallow inhibition curves to the agonists; a shallow Schild slope of GR127935 antagonism and differences in the maximal responses to 5-HT between whole cortex and frontal cortex.
Role of bradykinin and tachykinins in the potentiation by enalapril of coughing induced by citric acid in pigs (2001)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are among the first-choice drugs for treating hypertension and congestive heart disease. It has been reported, however, that these drugs could induce chronic cough and airway hyperresponsiveness. The aim of this work was to assess in pigs the effects of bradykinin and tachykinins on citric-acid-induced coughing after ACE inhibitor pretreatment. Coughing was induced by challenging pigs with an aerosol of 0.8 M citric acid over 15 min. Coughs were counted by a trained observer for 30 min. The animals underwent two cough induction tests two days apart (days 1 and 3), the first being taken as a control. All drugs were injected intravenously 30 min before the second challenge. In the control group, no difference was observed between days 1 and 3. The ACE inhibitor enalapril (7.5 and 15 microg/kg) caused the cough frequency to increase significantly. In contrast, a dose-related decrease was observed with Hoe140 (icatibant), a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist (0.5 and 1 mg/kg). When both drugs were administered simultaneously (15 microg/kg for enalapril and 1 mg/kg for Hoe140), a significant increase was observed as compared with the control value obtained on day 1. When enalapril was combined with the three tachykinin receptor antagonists SR 140333 (NK1 receptor antagonist), SR 48968 (NK2 receptor antagonist) and SR 142801 (NK3 receptor antagonist), a significant decrease was observed as compared with control value obtained on day 1; the percentage of variation was also significantly different as compared with those observed in enalapril groups at both doses. These data suggest that ACE-inhibitor-induced enhancement of the cough reflex is mainly due to tachykinins and not to bradykinin in our pig model. Bradykinin, however, plays a major role in coughing induced by citric acid alone.
A Two-stage Evaluation of User Query Performance for the Relational Model and SQL (2007)

What are the impacts of a data model and a query language on user query performance? This is a longstanding research question about database query. Current knowledge has provided their combined effect. A data model comprises structures and operations, and could be decoupled from a query language. It is theoretically possible to identify the effects from a data model (without the query language), and the additional effects when a query language is included. An experiment was conducted to provide answers on these effects. Subject query performance with the relational model and SQL was measured at two query stages: the query translation and query writing stages. The experiment confirms literature findings about SQL query difficulties (which are all based on the query writing stage). Exploratory analysis of query difficulties show surprises. For example, operations generally perceived to be difficult (such as joins, group count and repeated relations) are not difficult at the query translation stage, i.e. the difficulties are not because of the relational model, but because of SQL. The study illustrates an approach for separating the effects of data model and query language, which can be used for future studies of other models and languages.
Robust design of independent joint controllers with experimentation on a high-speed parallel robot (1993)

A linear independent joint control scheme is proposed. The design is made robust by closing another feedback loop that uses acceleration information besides the typical position and velocity loops. Reconstruction of acceleration measurements is performed via a suitable state-variable filter. Linear feedforward compensation is used to improve tracking performance of the closed-loop scheme. The control algorithm is tested first in a discrete-time simulation on a single-joint drive system with imposed disturbance torques. Then, real-time implementation on a high-speed parallel robot is presented. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on tangent plane algorithm for spatial position of vehicle wheel (2005)

A non-contact vehicle wheel alignment parameters measurement system based on line-structured laser sensors is described. The spatial position of vehicle wheel is determined by the tangent plane of the vehicle wheel tire. Three line-structured sensors conduct each wheel, and the tangent plane is calculated by 3D coordinate of each point on three characteristic curves of the tire. Consequently it is important to ascertain the tangent plane of the tire precisely for this system. This paper details the working principle of the system and coordinates unification technique of multiple line-structured laser sensors. Furthermore it presents a specific method for determining the tangent plane according to the characteristic of the laser image. It is composed of ellipse fitting in 2D space and searching algorithm in 3D space. Experimental results show that the algorithm is reasonably efficient, practical and reliable. And the deviations of alignment parameters are less than 2'.
Invited Review: β-Lactoglobulin: Binding Properties, Structure, and Function (2004)

beta-Lactoglobulin (beta-LG) is the major whey protein of ruminant species and is also present in the milks of many, but not all, other species. Its amino-acid sequence and 3-dimensional structure show that it is a lipocalin, a widely diverse family, most of which bind small hydrophobic ligands and thus may act as specific transporters, as does serum retinol binding protein. Bovine beta-LG binds a wide range of ligands, but this may not be the reason for its presence in milk. In reviewing the structure and physicochemical properties of the protein, we present the structures of the ligands cholesterol (at a resolution of 2.0A, R = 0.221; Rfree = 0.295) and vitamin D2 (at a resolution of 2.4A, R = 0.212; Rfree = 0.297) each bound to the central binding cavity of bovine beta-LG at pH 7.3. Neither ligand is fully visible in the electron density maps, and the less well-ordered regions are the polar end groups at the mouth of the binding site. In a separate experiment, a mercury ion was bound to the free Cys121 (at a resolution of 2.2A, R = 0.218; Rfree = 0.288) in a way that transmitted a small structural change through Asp137 via Arg148 to the dimer interface. It is not clear if the known dissociation that arises from the reaction of beta-LG with HgCl2 results from this perturbation. In reviewing the structural studies that reveal the ligand binding sites for long-chain fatty acids, retinoids, and steroids, only the central location, common to all lipocalins so far examined, is occupied under the conditions used. We find that there is no crystallographic evidence of another ligand binding site in our crystals grown in approximately 1.3 M citrate, although low ionic strength studies in solution indicate the possible presence of at least one other low affinity site. The apparent ability of the binding site to accommodate a wide range of ligands may point to a possible physiological function. However, by considering the lipocalin family in general, and the species distribution of beta-LG in particular, some speculation as to the physiological function can be made. beta-Lactoglobulin has been reported as being implicated, inter alia, in hydrophobic ligand transport and uptake, enzyme regulation, and the neonatal acquisition of passive immunity. However, these functions do not appear to be consistent between species. Sequence comparisons among members of the lipocalin family reveal that glycodelin, found in the human endometrium during early pregnancy, is the most closely related to beta-LG. Although the function of glycodelin is also unknown, it appears to have effects on the immune system and/or to be involved in differentiation. It is proposed that beta-LG, over-expressed in the lactating mammary gland of many, but not all, species, is primarily an important source of amino acids for the offspring of those animals that produce it, but that this function arose by gene duplication from the physiologically essential glycodelin. The other functions that have been associated with beta-LG in the neonate are, therefore, fortuitous.
Cyclopropanesulfonic acid esters and amides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropanesulfonic acid esters and amidesWilliam E. Truce and Christian T. GoralskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 10, 3849–3851Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01274a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01274a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glomerulocystic kidney disease in mice with a targeted inactivation of <i>Wwtr1</i> (2007)

Wwtr1 is a widely expressed 14-3-3-binding protein that regulates the activity of several transcription factors involved in development and disease. To elucidate the physiological role of Wwtr1, we generated Wwtr1-/- mice by homologous recombination. Surprisingly, although Wwtr1 is known to regulate the activity of Cbfa1, a transcription factor important for bone development, Wwtr1-/- mice show only minor skeletal defects. However, Wwtr1-/- animals present with renal cysts that lead to end-stage renal disease. Cysts predominantly originate from the dilation of Bowman's spaces and atrophy of glomerular tufts, reminiscent of glomerulocystic kidney disease in humans. A smaller fraction of cysts is derived from tubules, in particular the collecting duct (CD). The corticomedullary accumulation of cysts also shows similarities with nephronophthisis. Cells lining the cysts carry fewer and shorter cilia and the expression of several genes associated with glomerulocystic kidney disease (Ofd1 and Tsc1) or encoding proteins involved in cilia structure and/or function (Tg737, Kif3a, and Dctn5) is decreased in Wwtr1-/- kidneys. The loss of cilia integrity and the down-regulation of Dctn5, Kif3a, Pkhd1 and Ofd1 mRNA expression can be recapitulated in a renal CD epithelial cell line, mIMCD3, by reducing Wwtr1 protein levels using siRNA. Thus, Wwtr1 is critical for the integrity of renal cilia and its absence in mice leads to the development of renal cysts, indicating that Wwtr1 may represent a candidate gene for polycystic kidney disease in humans.