gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Unified Methodology for Data Center Planning. (1988)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) form a heterogeneous group of diseases, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) comprising the largest subgroup. The commonest chromosomal translocations found in DLBCL are those affecting band 3q27. In 35% of DLBCL cases, as well as in a small fraction of follicular lymphomas, the normal transcriptional regulation of Bcl-6 is disrupted by these chromosomal translocations. In addition, about three-quarters of cases of DLBCL display multiple somatic mutations in the 5' non-coding region of Bcl-6, which occur independently of chromosomal translocations and appear to be due to the IgV-associated somatic hypermutation process. Bcl-6 is a 95-kD nuclear phosphoprotein belonging to the BTB/POZ (bric-a-brac, tramtrack, broad complex/Pox virus zinc finger) zinc finger family of transcription factors. It has been suggested that Bcl-6 is important in the repression of genes involved in the control of lymphocyte activation, differentiation, and apoptosis within the germinal center, and that its down-regulation is necessary for normal B-cells to exit the germinal center. Bcl-6 remains constitutively expressed in a substantial proportion of B-cell lymphomas. Recently, acetylation has been identified as a mode for down-regulating Bcl-6 activity by inhibition of the ability of Bcl-6 to recruit complexes containing histone deacetylases (HDAC). The pharmacologic inhibition of two recently identified deacetylation pathways, HDAC- and silent information regulator (SIR)-2-dependent deacetylation, results in the accumulation of inactive acetylated Bcl-6 and thus in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in B-cell lymphoma cells. These results reveal a new method of regulating Bcl-6, with the potential for therapeutic exploitation. These studies also indicate a novel mechanism by which acetylation promotes transcription, not only by modifying histones and activating transcriptional activators, but also by inhibiting transcriptional repressors.
Cytoplasmic RNA viruses as potential vehicles for the delivery of therapeutic small RNAs (2013)

Viral vectors have become the best option for the delivery of therapeutic genes in conventional and RNA interference-based gene therapies. The current viral vectors for the delivery of small regulatory RNAs are based on DNA viruses and retroviruses/lentiviruses. Cytoplasmic RNA viruses have been excluded as viral vectors for RNAi therapy because of the nuclear localization of the microprocessor complex and the potential degradation of the viral RNA genome during the excision of any virus-encoded pre-microRNAs. However, in the last few years, the presence of several species of small RNAs (e.g., virus-derived small interfering RNAs, virus-derived short RNAs, and unusually small RNAs) in animals and cell cultures that are infected with cytoplasmic RNA viruses has suggested the existence of a non-canonical mechanism of microRNA biogenesis. Several studies have been conducted on the tick-borne encephalitis virus and on the Sindbis virus in which microRNA precursors were artificially incorporated and demonstrated the production of mature microRNAs. The ability of these viruses to recruit Drosha to the cytoplasm during infection resulted in the efficient processing of virus-encoded microRNA without the viral genome entering the nucleus. In this review, we discuss the relevance of these findings with an emphasis on the potential use of cytoplasmic RNA viruses as vehicles for the efficient delivery of therapeutic small RNAs.
Rapid mutation screening in type 2A von Willebrand's disease using universal heteroduplex generators (1997)

Patients with type 2A von Willebrand's disease (VWD) commonly have missense mutations in the A2 domain of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) protein. This domain is encoded by the 3' region of VWF gene exon 2 8 and the large majority of patients have heterozygous mutations clustered in the sequence between codons 742 and 909. We describe a DNA-based diagnostic technique which enables at least 10 previously described mutations to be rapidly identified. The method involves polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of two exon 28 gene segments between codons 717-788 and 803-893, respectively. Each fragment is then hybridized with a synthetic complementary DNA molecule of similar size, termed a Universal Heteroduplex Generator (UHG). The UHG contains base deletions contiguous to the sites of known mutations and, following hybridization, allele-specific heteroduplexes are generated which can be detected by simple polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. A small panel of UHG molecules covering the 3' region of exon 28 should enable the large majority of type 2A VWD patients to be rapidly diagnosed by genotype.
Polarised neutron study of the RCo<sub>5</sub>intermetallic compounds. I. The cobalt magnetisation in YCo<sub>5</sub> (1980)

Polarised and unpolarised neutron measurements have been carried out on a YCo5 single crystal. These have allowed the crystal structure to be refined and the magnetisation density distribution of this compound to be determined. The analysis of these results indicates that the moment of one of the two cobalt sites (Co1) has a very large orbital contribution as well as an important asphericity. These features are discussed in terms of the well known and unusually large magneto-crystalline anisotropy of Co in YCo5.
Assisting the Power Generation Sector Toward Sustainability - an IoT Based System for Power Theft Detection with Theft Location Identification (2022)

Private and public power distribution companies often struggle with revenue because of electricity theft. In this paper, an IoT based system has been presented which is designed to detect power thefts efficiently and accurately and the exact locations where misappropriations are occurring. Arduino microcontrollers handle the power distribution system using a bi-functional element and connect it to a wireless network, establishing remote accessibility using the internet. A website is then built to illustrate the readings of an electric meter to a remotely connected screen, managed by the power distribution company. With the help of Proteus software, a simulation model was created for testing purposes. In the simulated environment, the system’s efficacy was very satisfactory. This system can be used by companies to prevent power theft and minimize the loss in revenue.
Establishment of a novel monoclonal antibody, SE-1, which specifically reacts with rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells. (1993)

A monoclonal antibody, SE-1, which specifically reacted with rat hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells (HSE), was established with elutriator-separated HSE as immunogen. No crossreactivity was observed with other types of endothelial cells or non-endothelial cells. By immunoelectron microscopy, the antigen recognized by MAb SE-1 was localized to the membrane surface of HSE. Immunoblot analysis revealed that SE-1 recognized a single 45 KD band. Although the SE-1 antigen is not yet characterized, the above evidence strongly suggests that it is related to the specific function of HSE. Therefore, SE-1 may be a useful marker to study the role of HSE in various pathophysiological conditions of the liver.
An MVA-based Vaccine Targeting the Oncofetal Antigen 5T4 in Patients Undergoing Surgical Resection of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases (2008)

We investigated the use of a therapeutic vaccine, TroVax in patients undergoing surgical resection of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Systemic immunity generated by vaccination before and after resection of metastases was measured in addition to assessing safety and analyzing the function and phenotype of tumor-associated lymphocytes. Twenty patients were scheduled to receive 2 TroVax vaccinations at 2-week intervals preoperatively and 2 postoperatively; if immune responses were detected, 2 further vaccinations were offered. Blood was taken at trial entry and 2 weeks after each vaccination; tumor biopsies were collected at surgery. 5T4-specific cellular responses were assessed by lymphocyte proliferation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot, with antibody responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Immunohistochemistry characterized the phenotype of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Seventeen of 19 colorectal cancer patients showed 5T4 expression in the liver metastases or surrounding stroma and 18 mounted a 5T4-specific cellular and/or humoral response. In patients who received at least 4 vaccinations and potentially curative surgery (n=15), those with above median 5T4-specific proliferative responses or T-cell infiltration into the resected tumor showed significantly longer survival compared with those with below median responses. Seven of 8 patients who had preexisting proliferative responses to 5T4 were longer-term survivors; these patients showed significantly higher proliferative responses after vaccination than those who subsequently died. These data suggest that the magnitude of 5T4 proliferative responses and the density of CD3 cells in colorectal cancer liver metastases are associated with longer survival. These observations warrant more studies to identify the precise underlying mechanisms.
X-ray and neutron diffraction studies on concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium nitrate and silver nitrate (1989)

Neutron diffraction experiments have been conducted on 3.1 M (molar) solutions of 107AgNO3 and 109AgNO3 in heavy water, and the first-order difference method of isotopic substitution has been used to obtain the local structure around Ag(aq)+. The results of this work have been used in conjunction with those from an X-ray diffraction study of 3.1 M (molar) AgNO3 and NaNO3, to establish the degree of structural isomorphism between Na(aq)+ and Ag(aq)+. It has been shown that Na(aq)+ and Ag(aq)+ are sufficiently isomorphic to enable useful pictures to be obtained for both Na+ hydration and Ag+-Ag+ coordination. Comparison with previous results for the other alkali metal ions shows that, in terms of the strength of hydration, Na+ is intermediate between Li+ and K+.
Influence of Partially Coherent Illumination on the Performance of Non-Airy Pupil Functions in Microscopic Systems (1972)

The influence of partially coherent illumination on the performance of a few non-Airy pupil functions (Sonine, phase-step, annular, Straubel, and Lansraux-Boivin pupil functions) is studied in the context of microscopic imagery. The imaging properties of these pupil functions are investigated in terms of the two-point image contrast and resolution. It is seen that by adjusting the state of coherence of illumination of the object structure and a suitable choice of the pupil function, a resolution higher than that due to the Airy pupil function may be obtained. It is also possible, in a similar way, to increase the image contrast without unduly reducing the image resolution.
Vitamin D and cancer: an update of in vitro and in vivo data (2005)

1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, Calcitriol) is a pleiotropic hormone with anti-proliferative, pro-apoptotic and pro-differentiation effects on numerous cell types, which suggest anti-cancer activity in addition to its classical regulatory action on calcium and phosphate metabolism. 1,25(OH)2D3 exerts its actions mainly via its high affinity receptor VDR through a complex network of genomic (transcriptional and post-transcriptional) and also non-genomic mechanisms, which are partially coincident in the different cells and tissues studied. Epidemiological and experimental in vitro and in vivo data support a cancer preventive role of 1,25(OH)2D3. The anti-cancer activity of 1,25(OH)2D3 and multiple analogs with reduced calcemic properties, which are thus less toxic, is under investigation in a long list of cultured cell types and in several in vivo models of wild-type and genetically-modified animals. Some vitamin D compounds have reached clinical trials, but results are still scarce.
Low ion energy electron cyclotron resonance etching of InP using a Cl2/N2 mixture (1995)

The low-energy (about 30 eV) ion etching of InP with an excellent vertical sidewall profile, smooth surface, and a high etch rate (more than 1000 Å/min) has been demonstrated in an electron cyclotron resonance plasma using a Cl2/N2 mixture. Surface analysis by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and plasma diagnostics by optical emission spectroscopy suggest that the etching mechanism is dominated by the reduction of Cl neutral radical density by N2 dilution and the formation of InN and P3N5 due to the reaction between the atomic nitrogen in the Cl2/N2 plasma and the InP substrate. The success of this technique appears to be based on a new InP dry etching concept which controls the volatility of PClx (x=1–5) products, thus balancing the desorption rate of InClx (x=1–3) products, in contrast to the conventional reactive ion etching method which enhances the desorption of nonvolatile InClx products by high-energy ion bombardment.
Non-Magnetic Cloak without Reflection (2007)

In an electromagnetic cloak based on a transformation approach, reduced sets of material properties are generally favored due to their easier implementation in reality, although a seemingly inevitable drawback of undesired reflection exists in such cloaks. Here we suggest using high-order transformations to create smooth moduli at the outer boundary of the cloak, therefore completely eliminating the detrimental scattering within the limit of geometric optics. We apply this scheme to a non-magnetic cylindrical cloak and demonstrate that the scattered field is reduced substantially in a cloak with optimal quadratic transformation as compared to its linear counterpart.
Robustness Optimization of Fiber Index Profiles for Optical Parametric Amplifiers (2009)

Optical fibers with index profiles that are optimized for broadband double pumped parametric amplifiers are thoroughly investigated. The analysis includes random variations in the radii of the profile along the fiber length (introduced in the fabrication process). By optimizing the fourth order dispersion parameter and the effective area we obtain fiber designs that provide flat spectral gain over 200 nm with 3.5 W pump lasers and, at the same time, have robust operation wavelength against fluctuations of up to 1% in the radii of the index profile. These fibers show positive and very small fourth order dispersion. Our results indicate that in such low dispersion fibers, the sixth order dispersion parameter must be considered in the optimization algorithm.
Antimycobacterial action of thiolactomycin: an inhibitor of fatty acid and mycolic acid synthesis (1996)

Thiolactomycin (TLM) possesses in vivo antimycobacterial activity against the saprophytic strain Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155 and the virulent strain M. tuberculosis Erdman, resulting in complete inhibition of growth on solid media at 75 and 25 micrograms/ml, respectively. Use of an in vitro murine macrophage model also demonstrated the killing of viable intracellular M. tuberculosis in a dose-dependent manner. Through the use of in vivo [1,2-14C]acetate labeling of M. smegmatis, TLM was shown to inhibit the synthesis of both fatty acids and mycolic acids. However, synthesis of the shorter-chain alpha'-mycolates of M. smegmatis was not inhibited by TLM, whereas synthesis of the characteristic longer-chain alpha-mycolates and epoxymycolates was almost completely inhibited at 75 micrograms/ml. The use of M. smegmatis cell extracts demonstrated that TLM specifically inhibited the mycobacterial acyl carrier protein-dependent type II fatty acid synthase (FAS-II) but not the multifunctional type I fatty acid synthase (FAS-I). In addition, selective inhibition of long-chain mycolate synthesis by TLM was demonstrated in a dose-response manner in purified, cell wall-containing extracts of M. smegmatis cells. The in vivo and in vitro data and knowledge of the mechanism of TLM resistance in Escherichia coli suggest that two distinct TLM targets exist in mycobacteria, the beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthases involved in FAS-II and the elongation steps leading to the synthesis of the alpha-mycolates and oxygenated mycolates. The efficacy of TLM against M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis provides the prospects of identifying fatty acid and mycolic acid biosynthetic genes and revealing a novel range of chemotherapeutic agents directed against M. tuberculosis.
Mechanical behavior of high impact polystyrene based on SB copolymers as a function of synthesis conditions: Part II (2008)

Abstract The mechanical properties of different high impact polystyrene (HIPS) were determined by means of impact and tensile tests. Impact strength (IS), yield stress (σy) and Young’s modulus (E) were evaluated as a function of the rubber phase morphological features such as type and particle size (Dp), volume fraction (Φ) and interparticle distance (IPD). In order to evaluate the changes produced in the rubber phase, the initiator, chain transfer agent (CTA), and type and concentration of SB copolymer were varied during the synthesis of HIPS. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the materials’ morphology and the data obtained reveal that the Dp and Φ increases mainly with an increase in the PB content and/or with the use of CTA and decreases with an increase in initiator concentration. In addition, E and yield stress diminishes when increasing the dimensions of the rubber phase (Dp and Φ), contrary to the IS. The IPD/Dp ratio also indicates the dependency of the mechanical properties with respect to the rubber phase features. An increase in IPD/Dp provokes an increases in E and σy, whereas IS diminishes.
Rounding algorithms for IEEE multipliers (2003)

Several technology independent rounding algorithms for multiplying normalized numbers are presented. The first is a simple rounding algorithm suitable for software simulation or moderate performance hardware multipliers. The next two algorithms are parallel addition schemes suitable for high-performance VLSI multipliers. One of them eliminates the carry produced by the lower-order bits from the critical path. Several methods for computing the sticky bit are also presented. Included is a new fast and efficient technique for computing the sticky bit directly from the carry-save form without undergoing the expense of a carry-propagate addition.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive rate error control through the use of diversity combining and majority logic decoding in a hybrid-ARQ protocol (2003)

The author demonstrates an adaptive rate coding system based on the majority logic decoding of convolutional codes. The proposed system retains the high-data-rate capability of FEC (forward error correction) majority logic decoders while providing an adaptive code rate and a significant improvement in error protection through the incorporation of diversity combining and hybrid-ARQ (automatic repeat request) techniques. It is shown through analysis and simulation that this error control system provides a high level of data reliability at the expense of a minimal reduction in throughput.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast likelihood classification (1991)

A multistage classification that reduces the processing time substantially is proposed. This classification algorithm consists of several stages, and in each stage likelihood values of classes are calculated and compared. If a class has a likelihood value less than a threshold, the class is truncated at that stage as an unlikely class, thus reducing the number of classes for which likelihood values are to be calculated at the next stage. Thus a host of classes can be truncated by using a small portion of the total features at early stages, resulting in substantial reduction of computing time. Several truncation criteria are developed, and the relationship between thresholds and the error caused by the truncation is investigated. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm reduces the processing time by the factor of 3-7, depending on the number of classes and features, while maintaining essentially the same accuracies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Free-Form Image Inpainting With Gated Convolution (2019)

We present a generative image inpainting system to complete images with free-form mask and guidance. The system is based on gated convolutions learned from millions of images without additional labelling efforts. The proposed gated convolution solves the issue of vanilla convolution that treats all input pixels as valid ones, generalizes partial convolution by providing a learnable dynamic feature selection mechanism for each channel at each spatial location across all layers. Moreover, as free-form masks may appear anywhere in images with any shape, global and local GANs designed for a single rectangular mask are not applicable. Thus, we also present a patch-based GAN loss, named SN-PatchGAN, by applying spectral-normalized discriminator on dense image patches. SN-PatchGAN is simple in formulation, fast and stable in training. Results on automatic image inpainting and user-guided extension demonstrate that our system generates higher-quality and more flexible results than previous methods. Our system helps user quickly remove distracting objects, modify image layouts, clear watermarks and edit faces. Code, demo and models are available at: \url{https://github.com/JiahuiYu/generative_inpainting}.
Ontogeny of γδ T Cells in Humans (2004)

T cell receptors consist either of an alpha-chain combined with a beta-chain or a gamma-chain combined with a delta-chain. alphabeta T cells constitute the majority of T cells in human blood throughout life. Flow cytometric analyses presented in this study, which focus on the representation of the developmental (naive and memory) subsets of gammadelta T cells, show by function and phenotype that this lineage contains both naive and memory cells. In addition, we show that the representation of naive T cells is higher among alphabeta than gammadelta T cells in adults and that the low frequency of naive gammadelta T cells in adults reflects ontological differences between the two major gammadelta subsets, which are distinguished by expression of Vdelta1 vs Vdelta2 delta-chains. Vdelta1 cells, which mirror alphabeta cells with respect to naive representation, predominate during fetal and early life, but represent the minority of gammadelta cells in healthy adults. In contrast, Vdelta2 cells, which constitute the majority of adult gammadelta cells, show lower frequencies of naive cells than Vdelta1 early in life and show vanishingly small naive frequencies in adults. In essence, nearly all naive Vdelta2 cells disappear from blood by 1 year of life. Importantly, even in children less than 1 year old, most of the nonnaive Vdelta2 cells stain for perforin and produce IFN-gamma after short-term in vitro stimulation. This represents the earliest immunological maturation of any lymphocyte compartment in humans and most likely indicates the importance of these cells in controlling pathology due to common environmental challenges.