gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apparent quantum efficiency effects in CdTe solar cells (2004)

Quantum efficiency measurements of n-CdS/p-CdTe solar cells performed under nonstandard illumination, voltage bias, or both can be severely distorted by photogeneration and contact-barrier effects. In this work we will discuss the effects that are typically observed, the requirements needed to reproduce these effects with modeling tools, and the potential applications of apparent quantum efficiency analysis. Recently published experimental results are interpreted and reproduced using numerical simulation tools. The suggested model explains large negative apparent quantum efficiencies (≫100%) seen in the spectral range of 350–550 nm, modestly large negative apparent quantum efficiencies (&gt;100%) in the spectral range of 800–850 nm, enhanced positive or negative response observed under red, blue, and white light bias, and photocurrent gain significantly different from unity. Some of these effects originate from the photogeneration in the highly compensated CdS window layer, some from photogeneration within the CdTe, and some are further modified by the height of the CdTe back-contact barrier.
Equine Surfaces White Paper (2014)

This white paper has been drafted as a collection of published scientific papers and data. It is considered a work in progress and will be updated as new scientific studies and surface data become available
Radiation by charges moving faster than light (1990)

Вскоре после того, как Максвеллом были сформулиро ваны его знаменитые уравнения, было осознано, что поле движущегося источника (например, равномерно движущегося точечного заряда) отли чается по своей геометрии от поля покоящегося источника, причем от личия тем больше, чем ближе скорость источника к скорости света.Точ ное решение уравнений Максвелла для поля равномерно движущегося точечного заряда было впервые получено О. Хевисайдом.Он также, по видимому, был первым, кто понял, что немалый интерес представляет случай, когда заряд движется со скоростью, превосходящей скорость света в среде [1].Позднее Т. де Кудр и А. Зоммерфельд [2
Analysis of apatite deposits on substrates (1993)

Calcium phosphate coatings, important for medical implant applications can occur in several different phases. Because of differences in properties of these phases it is imperative to be able to identify their presence in a substrate's coating. In this study we characterized hydroxy apatite (HA) surfaces applied by four different coating procedures. Included were plasma sprayed, sputtered, a composite, and a composite overlayed with plasma sprayed. It was found that a combination of reflectance infrared and Raman spectroscopy could be utilized to make an in situ characterization of the calcium phosphate phases. It was shown that plasma sprayed and sputtered coatings of HA lost OH and thus decreased in crystallinity, while composite coatings remained unchanged from the original HA powder.
Transparent side channel trigger mechanism on analog circuits with PAAST hardware Trojans (2018)

A transparent side channel trigger mechanism triggering Power/Area/Architecture and Signature Transparent (PAAST) analog hardware Trojans is discussed in this paper. By applying this trigger mechanism through normal supply bus, the circuit can be triggered to the Trojan state. Same as the stealth nature of PAAST Trojans, it doesn't require any additional area, any additional power, any structure modifications and it doesn't leave any signatures in either power domains or signal paths. This trigger mechanism can be applied on circuits with static Trojans or circuits with dynamic Trojans.
Mechanism design for Variable Stiffness Actuation based on enumeration and analysis of performance (2010)

This paper presents a systematic enumeration and performance analysis of Variable Stiffness Actuators (VSAs). VSAs are becoming more and more popular in robotics, and many different prototypes have been recently proposed and built in the research community. In comparison with conventional geared motors, actuators with variable stiffness introduce the need for new specifications, requirements, and performance criteria, concerning e.g. the range of achievable stiffness, and the response time to stiffness reference changes. On the other hand, the mechanical construction of VSAs is also more complex. To address the problem of harnessing the increased complexity of VSA design, we consider in this article the enumeration of all possible arrangements of two prime movers (elementary motors), two harmonic-drive gears, the output shaft, and the interconnections (either rigid or elastic) between these elements. We propose an automated algorithm to search the large combinatorics of such enumeration, and present a reduced number of feasible basic designs which accomplish the objectives of VS actuation. Furthermore, we propose a quasi-static model of VS actuators which can be used for an analysis of their performance and we conclude by presenting some preliminary characteristics of one of the selected designs.
Room-temperature photon avalanche upconversion in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Tm</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mo>:</mml:mo><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>crystals (1999)

Photon avalanche red to blue upconversion has been observed at room temperature in 2% ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}{:\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and 3% ${\mathrm{Tm}}^{3+}{:\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ crystal fibers under excitation at 628.7 nm. The dynamics and power dependence of upconversion emission corresponding to the ${}^{1}{\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{{G}_{4}}}^{3}{H}_{6}$ transition have been investigated using the mean field approximation.
Error detection and control for the parametric information in CELP coders (2002)

Optimum quantization and code assignment schemes are described which minimize the subjective quality degradations introduced into the output speech of code excited linear predictive (CELP) coders by channel degradations. The background and basis for use of minimum redundancy for error control are examined. Greater emphasis is placed on adjustment of corrupted parameters to minimize subjective degradation rather than outright bit-by-bit error correction. These schemes are mostly tested on the CELP baseband coder, but they should be applicable to any linear predictive coder. They raise the bit rate of a 4.8-kb/s coder by about 12.5% and its MOS at 2*10/sup -2/ bit error rate by about 21.1% (scale 1-5).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Recognition in Purinergic Receptors. 2. Diastereoselectivity of the <i>h</i>-P2Y<sub>1</sub>-Receptor (2004)

In the companion paper, part 1, we described the construction of an improved molecular model for the h-P2Y1 receptor (h-P2Y1-R) and proposed a rational for the stereoelectronic selectivity of the receptor. Here, we extend our studies on the molecular recognition of the h-P2Y1-R to the exploration of the diastereoselectivity of this receptor. For this purpose, we implemented an integrative approach combining synthesis, spectral analysis, biochemical assays, and computational analysis. Specifically, we selected and synthesized novel ATP analogues bearing a chiral center on the phosphate chain. We analyzed the conformation of the chiral ATP analogues in solution by 1H/13C NMR and assigned the absolute configuration of the diastereoisomers. The coordination mode of these analogues with a Mg2+ ion was evaluated by 31P NMR. These chiral analogues were biochemically evaluated and found to be potent h-P2Y1-R ligands. An EC50 difference of ca. 20-fold was observed between the diastereoisomers. Their spectral absolute configuration assignment was confirmed by comparison of the biochemical results to those of ATP-alpha-S diastereoisomers whose chirality is known. Finally, a computational analysis was performed for the elucidation of molecular recognition employing molecular mechanics (docking) studies on the receptor:ligands complexes. On the basis of the current results, we hypothesize that h-P2Y1-R's chiral discrimination originates from the requirement that the nucleotide analogue interacts with a Mg2+ ion within the receptor binding site. This Mg2+ ion is possibly coordinated with both Asp204 and the ATP's alpha, beta, gamma-phosphates in a Lambda configuration.
Control of anthocyanin biosynthesis in flowers of <i>Antirrhinum majus</i> (1991)

The intensity and pattern of anthocyanin biosynthesis in Antirrhinum flowers is controlled by several genes. We have isolated six cDNA clones encoding enzymes in the pathway committed to flavonoid biosynthesis and used these to assay how the regulatory genes that modify colour pattern affect the expression of biosynthetic genes. The biosynthetic genes of the later part of the pathway appear to be co-ordinately regulated by two genes, Delila (Del), and Eluta (El), while the early steps (which also lead to flavone synthesis) are controlled differently. This division of control is not the same as control of anthocyanin biosynthesis by the regulatory genes R (S) and C1 in maize aleurone, and may result from the adaptive significance of different flavonoids in flowers and seeds, reflecting their attractiveness to insects and mammals respectively. El and del are probably involved in transcriptional control and both genes appear to be able to repress expression of some biosynthetic genes and activate expression of others.
Spin-Out of Veneer Blocks during Rotary Cutting of Veneer. (1976)

In seeking the cause of spin-out, the torque needed to turn basswood blocks into 1/4-in.-thick rotary veneer was measured for different lathe settings and block temperatures. Increasing the wood temperature reduced the force needed for cutting and also reduced torque that could be accepted by wood blocks before failing by spinout. Maximum torque developed in wood blocks at room temperature depended on the size, number, and shape of spurs on the 4-in.-diameter chucks. Friction drive on the block surface is suggested as an auxiliary source of torque for turning wood blocks into veneer. (Author)
FACILITATED TRANSPORT OF CARBON DIOXIDE: A REVIEW (1982)

Abstract The effect of reversible chemical reaction upon the diffusion of carbon dioxide in thin liquid film membranes is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed upon the hydration reaction of CO2 and catalysis thereof. Theoretical analysis is developed for equilibrium, near-equilibrium and near-diffusion regimes. The important effects of weak acid buffers, proteins and amines upon CO2 transport are also discussed, as well as the significance of diffusion potentials, particularly in the case of protein systems. Results of experimental investigations of facilitated CO2 transport are reviewed, as well as general aspects of CO2 transport in biological systems and absorbers.
Development and Test of Free Space Electric Field Sensors with Microvolt Sensitivity (2001)

We have developed a new solid state electric potential sensor that has over an order of magnitude lower voltage noise than prior state-of-the-art technology. The sensor uses a novel input feedback circuit that enables it to be stable down to DC, and have frequency independent detection sensitivity from 0.01 Hz to 10 kHz.
Big Data in the Parking Lot (2017)

One of the significant research challenges in the realm of vehicular clouds is to identify conditions under which these clouds can support big data applications. It is clear that big data applications, with stringent data-processing requirements, cannot be supported by ephemeral vehicular clouds, where the residency time of vehicles in the cloud is too short for supporting virtual machine setup and migration. Similarly, it turns out that vehicular cloud implementations relying on bandwidth-constricted interconnection topologies are not suitable for big data applications. Unfortunately, this is the case of the vast majority of vehicular clouds proposed thus far in the literature that rely on a wireless interconnection fabric. Our main contribution is to identify sufficient conditions under which big data applications can be effectively supported by datacenters built on top of vehicles in a parking lot. This is pioneering work: to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time researchers are looking at evaluating the feasibility of the vehicular cloud concept and its suitability for supporting big data applications. One of our main findings is that (1) if the residency times of the vehicles are sufficiently long and (2) if the interconnection fabric has a sufficient amount of bandwidth, then big data applications can be supported effectively by such datacenters.
A real-time visual inspection system for automated prescription dispensing (2002)

We present an image processing system that is designed to confirm the correctness of automated prescription orders, without any special pill handling or barcodes, using only a PC equipped with a frame grabber and an overhead camera. Training consists of averaging several categories of features (color, shape, texture, glossiness, and markings) from multiple image samples of each target pill type. During online operation, this system extracts sets of features from the sample pill image and eliminates pill types from the candidate list whose features are outside certain tolerances from the expected target pill. If there is exactly one candidate left, and that candidate is the target pill type, then the sample is accepted as correct. If there is more than one candidate left, or if the target pill type has been pruned out of the candidate list, then the sample is sent to pharmacists for manual verification.
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Mouse Model Showing Hyperactivity, Reduced Cingulate Cortex Volume, Reduced Dopamine Turnover, and Responsiveness to Oral Methylphenidate Treatment (2012)

Cigarette smoking, nicotine replacement therapy, and smokeless tobacco use during pregnancy are associated with cognitive disabilities later in life in children exposed prenatally to nicotine. The disabilities include attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder. However, the structural and neurochemical bases of these cognitive deficits remain unclear. Using a mouse model we show that prenatal nicotine exposure produces hyperactivity, selective decreases in cingulate cortical volume, and radial thickness, as well as decreased dopamine turnover in the frontal cortex. The hyperactivity occurs in both male and female offspring and peaks during the "active" or dark phase of the light/dark cycle. These features of the mouse model closely parallel the human ADHD phenotype, whether or not the ADHD is associated with prenatal nicotine exposure. A single oral, but not intraperitoneal, administration of a therapeutic equivalent dose (0.75 mg/kg) of methylphenidate decreases the hyperactivity and increases the dopamine turnover in the frontal cortex of the prenatally nicotine exposed mice, once again paralleling the therapeutic effects of this compound in ADHD subjects. Collectively, our data suggest that the prenatal nicotine exposure mouse model has striking parallels to the ADHD phenotype not only in behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurochemical features, but also with respect to responsiveness of the behavioral phenotype to methylphenidate treatment. The behavioral, neurochemical, and anatomical biomarkers in the mouse model could be valuable for evaluating new therapies for ADHD and mechanistic investigations into its etiology.
A Dominant-negative Clathrin Mutant Differentially Affects Trafficking of Molecules with Distinct Sorting Motifs in the Class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Pathway (1998)

The role of clathrin in intracellular sorting was investigated by expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of clathrin, termed the hub fragment. Hub inhibition of clathrin-mediated membrane transport was established by demonstrating a block of transferrin internalization and an alteration in the intracellular distribution of the cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor. Hubs had no effect on uptake of FITC-dextran, adaptor distribution, organelle integrity in the secretory pathway, or cell surface expression of constitutively secreted molecules. Hub expression blocked lysosomal delivery of chimeric molecules containing either the tyrosine-based sorting signal of H2M or the dileucine-based sorting signal of CD3gamma, confirming a role for clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) in recognizing these signals and sorting them to the endocytic pathway. Hub expression was then used to probe the role of CCVs in targeting native molecules bearing these sorting signals in the context of HLA-DM and the invariant chain (I chain) complexed to HLA-DR. The distribution of these molecules was differentially affected. Accumulation of hubs before expression of the DM dimer blocked DM export from the TGN, whereas hubs had no effect on direct targeting of the DR-I chain complex from the TGN to the endocytic pathway. However, concurrent expression of hubs, such that hubs were building to inhibitory concentrations during DM or DR-I chain expression, caused cell surface accumulation of both complexes. These observations suggest that both DM and DR-I chain are directly transported to the endocytic pathway from the TGN, DM in CCVs, and DR-I chain independent of CCVs. Subsequently, both complexes can appear at the cell surface from where they are both internalized by CCVs. Differential packaging in CCVs in the TGN, mediated by tyrosine- and dileucine-based sorting signals, could be a mechanism for functional segregation of DM from DR-I chain until their intended rendezvous in late endocytic compartments.
Alternative bypass conduits and methods for surgical coronary revascularization (1994)

Preface R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida Part I: The Standard Conduits 1. The Internal Mammary Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 2. The Greater Saphenous Vein R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida Part II: Alternative Venous Bypass Conduits 3. The Lesser Saphenous Vein R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 4. The Arm Vein R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 5. The Homologous Veins R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida Part III: Alternative Arterial Bypass Conduits 6. The Right Gastroepiploic Artery Graft H. Suma 7. The Inferior Epigastric Artery C. Everson, N. Mills 8. The Radial Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 9. The Splenic Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 10. The Subclavian Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 11. The Lateral Costal Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida Part IV: Alternative Bypass Methods Using the Internal Mammary Artery 12. Bilateral Internal Mammary Artery Usage R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 13. Sequential Internal Mammary Artery Grafting R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 14. The Internal Mammary Artery Free Graft R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 15. The Composite Graft R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 16. Coronary Bypass Using the Inverted Internal Mammary Artery R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida Part V: Alternative Bypass Methods Using the Saphenous Vein 17. Sequential Vein Grafting R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 18. The Innominate Artery-Coronary Artery Venous Bypass R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 19. The Sublclavian Artery-Coronary Artery Venous Bypass R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 20. The Coronary-Coronary Bypass Graft R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 21. The Selective Retrograde Coronary Venous Bypass R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 22. Sequential Vein Coronary Artery Grafting With A Surgical Atrial Fistula H. Nishida, M. Endo, H. Koyanagi, R.K. Grooters Part VI: Nonconduit Revascularization Techniques 23. Patching Techniques for Coronary Artery Revascularization R.K. Grooters, H. Nishida 24. Extensive Coronary Artery Endarterectomy P. Pedraza 25. Operative Transluminal Coronary Artery Angioplasty M. Endo 26. Operative Transluminal Laser Coronary Artery Angioplasty M. Endo Part VII: Artificial Grafts in the Coronary Position 27. The Past, Present, and Future of Small Diameter Grafts J.D. Gates, K.C. Kent
Object discovery in 3D scenes via shape analysis (2013)

We present a method for discovering object models from 3D meshes of indoor environments. Our algorithm first decomposes the scene into a set of candidate mesh segments and then ranks each segment according to its “objectness” - a quality that distinguishes objects from clutter. To do so, we propose five intrinsic shape measures: compactness, symmetry, smoothness, and local and global convexity. We additionally propose a recurrence measure, codifying the intuition that frequently occurring geometries are more likely to correspond to complete objects. We evaluate our method in both supervised and unsupervised regimes on a dataset of 58 indoor scenes collected using an Open Source implementation of Kinect Fusion [1]. We show that our approach can reliably and efficiently distinguish objects from clutter, with Average Precision score of .92. We make our dataset available to the public.
Rapid PCR-Based Diagnosis of Septic Arthritis by Early Gram-Type Classification and Pathogen Identification (2008)

Septic arthritis (SA) is a rheumatologic emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Delayed or inadequate treatment of SA can lead to irreversible joint destruction and disability. Current methods of diagnosing SA rely on synovial fluid analysis and culture which are known to be imprecise and time-consuming. We report a novel adaptation of a probe-based real-time PCR assay targeting the 16S rRNA gene for early and accurate diagnosis of bacterial SA. The assay algorithm consists of initial broad-range eubacterial detection, followed by Gram typing and species characterization of the pathogen. The platform demonstrated a high analytical sensitivity with a limit of detection of 10(1) CFU/ml with a panel of SA-related organisms. Gram typing and pathogen-specific probes correctly identified their respective targets in a mock test panel of 36 common clinically relevant pathogens. One hundred twenty-one clinical synovial fluid samples from patients presenting with suspected acute SA were tested. The sensitivity and specificity of the assay were 95% and 97%, respectively, versus synovial fluid culture results. Gram-typing probes correctly identified 100% of eubacterial positive samples as to gram-positive or gram-negative status, and pathogen-specific probes correctly identified the etiologic agent in 16/20 eubacterial positive samples. The total assay time from sample collection to result is 3 h. We have demonstrated that a real-time broad-based PCR assay has high analytical and clinical performance with an improved time to detection versus culture for SA. This assay may be a useful diagnostic adjunct for clinicians, particularly those practicing in the acute care setting where rapid pathogen detection and identification would assist in disposition and treatment decisions.
Sense-making: Information Literacy for Lifelong Learning and Knowledge Management (2008)

The paper emphasises the sense-making approach to the concept and practice of information literacy (IL). After discussing the meaning and purpose of IL, passing references are made to the IL standards, models, and rubrics. The information search process is emphasised in this paper. Nature and types of knowledge and learning have also been discussed. Expectations from INFLIBNET, vision of the National Knowledge Commission (NKC), and the UNESCO's Education for All, and Information for All Programmes have also been put into the context of IL. Finally, the paper suggests that IL programmes must be based upon the complexity and diversity of information communities, and cultural hegemony and intellectual imperialism should not be allowed to prevail. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/djlit.28.2.161