gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trans–cis isomerisation of the carotenoid lycopene upon complexation with cholesteric polyester carriers investigated by Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (2010)

Abstract Raman spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) were used in this work for the structural characterisation of lycopene, the antioxidant carotenoid, and its complexes with two synthetic thermotropic cholesteric polyesters. Both polyesters were employed successfully to encapsulate the carotenoid lycopene (Lyc). Besides protecting it from oxidation, they induced the trans–cis isomerisation of lycopene towards the more biologically active and bioavailable isomer cis‐Lyc. The Raman spectra revealed changes mainly concerning the band ν 1 and bands of methyl groups. This would explain the interaction mechanism between lycopene and cholesteric polyesters, inducing structural changes in the carotenoid by formation of a cis CC bond in central positions of the isomer chain and hydrophobic interaction that affects the side methyl groups. DFT calculations confirmed that the isomerisation occurs at central positions of lycopene molecule. The analysis of ν 1 and ν 2 bands and those of methyl groups in the calculated spectra of lycopene indicates that the interaction with the synthetic cholesteric polyesters could mainly lead to the 13‐cis‐Lyc isomer. The analysis of marker structural bands of the polyesters revealed structural changes in the host which mainly affect the ester groups, most probably due to a restructuring of the polyester chain to better accommodate the ligand. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for Calculating Text Similarity Of Cross-Weighted Products Applied To Power Grid Model Search (2020)

the ranking of search results in grid model search uses the method of ranking by comprehensive score from high to low. The comprehensive score is calculated by multi-field comprehensive text similarity score, filter matching score, and attention score, calculated according to a certain percentage. The basis of the multi-field comprehensive text similarity algorithm is the similarity calculation method of short text, which needs to be flexibly adjusted according to the characteristics of various fields of data in the grid model. Therefore, a short text similarity calculation method with certain adjustability is designed. The algorithm constructs two weight arrays with the same length as the two short text that need to be calculated for similarity and assigns the initial weight value, then traverses the characters in one of the strings, and adjusts their weight according to whether they exist in another, then calculates the weight cross product of single word matching and continuous matching characters to obtain the text similarity weight, and obtains the text similarity value by dividing the product of the two original text total weights. The result of grid model search based on the cross similarity algorithm is closer to the expectation of power system users in terms of the accuracy of search results.
Pore and Matrix Distribution in the Fiber Wall Revealed by Atomic Force Microscopy and Image Analysis (2004)

A method for the ultrastructural investigation of fiber cross-sections based on atomic force microscopy in combination with image analysis is presented. A uniform distribution of pores across the matrix material within the fiber wall was revealed by impregnation of pulp fibers with poly(ethylene glycol). The effects of chemical and mechanical processing on the pore and matrix structure and on the arrangement of the cellulose fibril aggregates were investigated. During chemical processing, changes in the fiber ultrastructure occur: a broadening of the pore and matrix lamella widths in combination with a reduction in their number and an enlargement of the cellulose fibril aggregates. It was found that pores formed during pulping are evenly distributed across the fiber wall in the transverse direction. In contrast, refining increases the pore and matrix lamella width in the fiber wall closest to the middle lamella an effect which gradually decrease in size toward the lumen side.
Therapeutic utility of utilizing low doses of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid in combination with 5-fluorouracil: a murine study with clinical relevance. (1983)

Doses of N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartic acid (PALA) lower than those required for therapeutic activity against the spontaneous murine breast tumor (BALB/c X DBA/8 F1) were found to produce significant depression in uridine triphosphate pools in the tumor. Using such low, nontherapeutic, but biochemically active doses of PALA in combination with 5-fluorouracil (FUra(, it was possible to maintain the dose of FUra at its full maximum tolerated single agent dose. In comparison with the maximum tolerated dose of FUra alone, the combination of FUra plus low-dose PALA produced a significant increase in the level of tumor FUra-containing RNA, only a slight increase in intestinal FUra-containing RNA, and no increase in bone marrow FUra-containing RNA. These biochemical results correlated with the therapeutic findings of significantly increased antitumor activity without an increase in host toxicity. A review of currently reported PALA plus FUra clinical protocols reveals that the experimental parameters which have produced successful therapeutic results in the laboratory (i.e., a low-PALA:high-FUra dosage ratio) have not yet been translated into clinical trial. Final judgment on the clinical efficacy of PALA:FUra combinations must await the results of proposed low-PALA:high-FUra clinical trials.
<title>Characterization of high-density plasma CVD USG film</title> (1997)

The HDP-CVD oxide deposition process has been fully investigated with the change of gas flow and RF power up to +/- 20%. The film quality is very stable with a wet etch rate ratio (WERR) of 1.5 relative to thermal oxide. The uniformity for both sputter and deposition are all below 3%, and the D/S ratio is only sensitively affected by bias RF power and side SiH<SUB>4</SUB> flow. Three important factors, namely bias-RF, backside He flow and O<SUB>2</SUB>/SiH<SUB>4</SUB> ratio, which affect strongly on the film quality, are studied in detail by measurement of film refractive index, stress, water absorption, WERR, and by pressure cook test (PCT). Lower backside He pressure as well as higher bias-RF power result in higher wafer temperature and better film quality. After PCT, the films do not show any increase in the silanol content and WERR. A liner process with lower bias-RF power is discussed to protect corner sputtering and plasma charging.
Palladium-catalyzed double carbonylation of aryl halides affording .alpha.-keto amides. Applications to synthesis of isatin and quinoline derivatives (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed double carbonylation of aryl halides affording .alpha.-keto amides. Applications to synthesis of isatin and quinoline derivativesFumiyuki Ozawa, Hisayoshi Yanagihara, and Akio YamamotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 3, 415–417Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00353a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00353a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views761Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The influence of radiative transfer on cellular convection (1956)

This paper presents an approximate solution of the problem of the onset of convection between plane-parallel plates heated from below when the fluid between them absorbs and emits thermal radiation. A complete solution to this problem would be extremely difficult, and the equation of radiative transfer is therefore developed in two approximate forms, one appropriate to an opaque medium, the other to a transparent medium. This equation is then combined with the dynamical equations of the problem. The initial static state is investigated by use of the Milne-Eddington approximation, and it is shown that there can be very large variations of temperature near to the boundaries. The conditions for marginal stability are investigated both for motions which are restricted to the temperature boundary layer, and for motions which take place in the body of the fluid. In the former case it is found that a complete solution is provided by the approximate form for a transparent medium, and in the latter case a reasonable interpolation has to be made between results for the two approximate forms in order to complete the solution. The effect of radiative transfer both on the initial static state and on the dynamical equations is such that the fluid is stabilized. This stabilization could probably be detected in the laboratory under certain conditions. In the earth's atmosphere the critical Rayleigh number for large scale motions may be increased by a factor 10 5 , while at the surface of the solar photosphere the factor may be as large as 10 12 .
Purification and Characterization of Extracellular Phospholipase A2 from Peritoneal Cavity of Caseinate-Treated Rat1 (1987)

Peritoneal exudate produced in rat injected with caseinate contained extracellular phospholipase A2. The activity required Ca2+ ion and had a pH optimum of 9 (Chang, H.W., Kudo, I., Hara, S., Karasawa, K., & Inoue, K. (1986) J. Biochem. 100, 1099-1101). This phospholipase A2 was purified about 14,000-fold to near homogeneity by the sequential use of column chromatography on Sephadex G-75, Toyopearl HW-65, and TSK ODS-120T reverse-phase HPLC. The final preparation showed a single protein band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 13,500. The enzyme hydrolyzed phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylserine (PS) more effectively than phosphatidylcholine (PC). When 1-acyl-2-[1-14C]inoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospholipids were used as a substrate, the apparent Km values were 0.027 mM with PE, 0.032 mM with PS, and 0.1 mM with PC, and the Vmax values were 105 mumol/min/mg with PE, 71 mumol/min/mg with PC. The enzyme activity was inhibited by p-bromophenacyl bromide, dithiothreitol, and mepacrine. The amino acid sequence of the NH2-terminal portion and the amino acid composition of the purified enzyme were determined. They were different from those of rat pancreatic phospholipase A2, but very similar to those of phospholipase A2 secreted from rat platelets.
What is the best similarity measure for motion correction in fMRI time series? (2002)

It has been shown that the difference of squares cost function used by standard realignment packages (SPM and AIR) can lead to the detection of spurious activations, because the motion parameter estimations are biased by the activated areas. Therefore, this paper describes several experiments aiming at selecting a better similarity measure to drive functional magnetic resonance image registration. The behaviors of the Geman-McClure (GM) estimator, of the correlation ratio, and of the mutual information (MI) relative to activated areas are studied using simulated time series and actual data stemming from a 3T magnet. It is shown that these methods are more robust than the usual difference of squares measure. The results suggest also that the measures built from robust metrics like the GM estimator may be the best choice, while MI is also an interesting solution. Some more work, however, is required to compare the various robust metrics proposed in the literature.
Utilization of Carboxylated 1,3-Indandione as an Electron Acceptor in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2012)

Abstract The performance of dyes containing carboxylated 1,3-indandiones as electron acceptors was examined. The compounds that included a monocarboxylic group on the 1,3-indandione moiety showed good overall power conversion efficiencies (ca. 2.38%), the values of which were comparable to those of cyanoacrylate derivatives with the same donor–π-linker structure.
Pupil coding masks for imaging polychromatic scenes with high resolution and extended depth of field (2010)

An algorithm for the design of imaging systems with circular symmetry that exhibit high resolution as well as extended depth of field for polychromatic incoherent illumination is presented. The approach provides a significant improvement over a publication [1] where the design was carried for a single wavelength. The approach is based on searching for a binary phase pupil mask that provides imaging with the highest cut-off spatial frequency, while assuring a desired contrast value over a given depth of field. Simulations followed by experimental results are provided.
Efficient Tandem and Triple-Junction Polymer Solar Cells (2013)

We demonstrate tandem and triple-junction polymer solar cells with power conversion efficiencies of 8.9% and 9.6% that use a newly designed, high molecular weight, small band gap semiconducting polymer and a matching wide band gap polymer.
An Interferometer-Schlieren Instrument for Aerodynamic Investigations (1952)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert E. Blue, John L. Pollack; An Interferometer‐Schlieren Instrument for Aerodynamic Investigations. Rev Sci Instrum 1 December 1952; 23 (12): 754–755. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1746150 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Discussing the sexual consequences of treatment in radiotherapy and urology consultations with couples affected by prostate cancer (2011)

Given the potential burden of symptoms and side-effects, there is a need to include discussions of sexual recovery and rehabilitation in consultations, and to provide opportunities to discuss the sexual consequences of treatment with men and their partners.
Retinoid metabolism in spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells): enzymatic conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol. (1979)

Spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells) displayed an increased adhesion when cultured in the presence of 10(-6) M all-trans retinol and acquired morphological characteristics of the normal phenotype. Thus it was of interest to investigate the metabolism of [15-(14)C]retinol in this system. Within 24 hours of culture, approximately 4.25% of the [(14)C]retinol was taken up by the cells. The hydrocarbon [(14)C]anhydroretinol was a major metabolic product and was identified by gas-liquid chromatography and by its typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maxima at 386, 364, and 346 nm. At 24 and 40 hours anhydroretinol represented 27% and 55%, respectively, of the total nonpolar metabolites or approximately 16% and 30% of the total radioactive products. Formalin-fixed fibroblasts or cultured intestinal mucosal cells did not convert retinol into anhydroretinol. A more polar product with a UV absorption maximum at 310 nm was also found. The time course of the synthesis of this product by 3T12 cells suggested a precursor-product relationship with anhydroretinol. A microsomal preparation from 3T12 cells was also active in synthesizing [(14)C]anhydroretinol and [(14)C]metabolite-310 from [(14)C]retinol. Moreover incubation of metabolite-310 with the 3T12 microsomes yielded anhydroretinol (40% conversion in 30 minutes), suggesting that metabolite-310 is an intermediate in the synthesis of anhydroretinol by these cells. Anhydroretinol appears to be an end product of the metabolism of retinol in 3T12-3 cells, as suggested by the finding that over 90% of [(14)C]anhydroretinol incubated for 30 hours with 3T12-3 cells was recovered unaltered, without the formation of detectable retroretinol, retinol, or retinoic acid.-Bhat, P. V., L. M. De Luca, S. Adamo, I. Akalovsky, C. S. Silverman-Jones, and G. L. Peck. Retinoid metabolism in spontaneously transformed mouse fibroblasts (Balb/c 3T12-3 cells): enzymatic conversion of retinol to anhydroretinol.
Some transition metal (oxy)phosphates and vanadium oxides for lithium batteries (2005)

Iron and vanadium oxides have a rich structural chemistry when combined with phosphate groups; the transition metal most commonly in an octahedral coordination. The inductive effect increases the potential difference between Fe3+/Fe2+ and Li/Li+ couples in phosphate lattices relative to the pure iron oxides; a similar behavior is found for the corresponding vanadium compounds. Of the iron phosphates, the olivine phase LiFePO4 has high thermal and chemical stability, even when lithium-free; the challenges of low electronic conductivity are being overcome, but data is lacking on the true lithium diffusion behavior. The all-ferric lipscombite-type phase, Fe1.33PO4OH, shows the highest capacity of the iron phosphates for lithium intercalation. The ε-VOPO4 material, formed by the oxidative de-intercalation of protons from H2VOPO4, can reversibly react with two lithium atoms in two steps. The face- and edge-sharing transition metal octahedra lead to a range of interesting and structurally revealing magnetic interactions. A number of vanadium oxide phases are known, with those containing VO6 octahedra showing the greatest stability when undergoing redox reactions. Such structures have been synthesized using xerogel, hydrothermal and electrochemical methods. The double-sheet delta structures show reversible lithium intercalation of up to one lithium ion per vanadium, leading to the highest storage capacities. However, the large potential width of discharge and the apparent low reaction rates will minimize their use unless improved.
Regulation of rat 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase. Role of the NH2-terminal region (1993)

The role of the NH2-terminal region of the liver and skeletal muscle 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose 2,6-bisphosphatases was investigated, as well that of a mutant of the liver isoform lacking the first 22 amino acids, by the overexpression of these enzymes in Escherichia coli and the comparison of their kinetic properties. The muscle isoform and the deletion mutant had Km values for fructose 6-phosphate which were 50- and 20-fold higher, respectively, than that of the liver isoform, and the bisphosphatase maximal velocity of the liver deletion mutant was 4-fold higher than that of the native liver isoform. Phosphorylation of the liver isoform increased bisphosphatase activity by 2-3-fold and the Km for fructose 6-phosphate of the 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase by 10-15-fold, but these kinetic effects were greatly diminished for the deletion mutant despite equivalent phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Arg-173 of the skeletal muscle isoform was found to be functionally equivalent to the residue corresponding to the essential fructose 6-phosphate binding residue of the liver kinase domain, Arg-195. The results suggest that 1) the NH2-terminal regions of the liver and skeletal muscle isoforms are important determinants of fructose 6-phosphate affinity, and 2) the initial 22 amino acids of the liver isoform exert an inhibitory influence on the bisphosphatase and mediate, at least in part, the response of both activities of the enzyme to cAMP-dependent phosphorylation.
Predator's alternative food sources do not support ecoepidemics with two- strains-diseasedl prey (2013)

An ecoepidemic model is presented, in which two diseases affect the prey. Predators are allowed to have other food sources. Equilibria are analyzed for feasibility and stability. The most striking result is that in these conditions the two strains cannot both survive in the system, contrary to what is possible to obtain, under suitable assumptions, in standard epidemic models.
Resolution enhancement of 157-nm lithography by liquid immersion (2002)

We present the results of a preliminary feasibility study of liquid immersion lithography at 157 nm. A key enabler has been the identification of a class of commercially available liquids, perfluoropolyethers, with low 157 nm absorbance α<sub>157</sub>~10 cm-1 base10. With 157 nm index of refraction around 1.36, these liquids could enable lithography at NA~1.25 and thus resolution of 50 nm for k1=0.4. We have also performed preliminary studies on the optical, chemical, and physical suitability of these liquids for use in high throughput lithography. We also note that at longer wavelengths, there is a wider selection of transparent immersion liquids. At 193 nm, the most transparent liquid measured, deionized water, has α<sub>193</sub> = 0.036 cm-1 base 10. Water immersion lithography at 193 nm would enable resolution of 60 nm with k1=0.4.
Molybdoenzymes and molybdenum cofactor in plants (2002)

The transition element molybdenum (Mo) is essential for (nearly) all organisms and occurs in more than 40 enzymes catalysing diverse redox reactions, however, only four of them have been found in plants. (1) Nitrate reductase catalyses the key step in inorganic nitrogen assimilation, (2) aldehyde oxidase(s) have been shown to catalyse the last step in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone abscisic acid, (3) xanthine dehydrogenase is involved in purine catabolism and stress reactions, and (4) sulphite oxidase is probably involved in detoxifying excess sulphite. Among Mo-enzymes, the alignment of amino acid sequences permits domains that are well conserved to be defined. With the exception of bacterial nitrogenase, Mo-enzymes share a similar pterin compound at their catalytic sites, the molybdenum cofactor. Mo itself seems to be biologically inactive unless it is complexed by the cofactor. This molybdenum cofactor combines with diverse apoproteins where it is responsible for the correct anchoring and positioning of the Mo-centre within the holo-enzyme so that the Mo-centre can interact with other components of the enzyme's electron transport chain. A model for the three-step biosynthesis of Moco involving the complex interaction of six proteins will be described. A putative Moco-storage protein distributing Moco to the apoproteins of Mo-enzymes will be discussed. After insertion, xanthine dehydrogenase and aldehyde oxidase, but not nitrate reductase and sulphite oxidase, require the addition of a terminal sulphur ligand to their Mo-site, which is catalysed by the sulphur transferase ABA3.