gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Immunology of Mycobacterial Infections (1982)

Mycobacteria are endowed with substances that profoundly affect the immune system. Leprosy and tuberculosis exemplify broad spectra of useful and detrimental immune responses of mycobacterial infections that range from intense potentiation to severe specific adn nonspecific suppression of humoral and cellular immune elements. The cellular hypersensitivity induced by mycobacteria serves as a classical model for the analysis of specific and nonspecific immune mechanisms. Mycobacterial disease are prevalent worldwide and rank among the most important bacterial diseases. The kaleidoscope of immunologic events induced by injected mycobacteria and during infections will be reviewed from the standpoint of pathogenesis, pathology, in vitro and in vivo effects on cellular and humoral arms of the immune response, diagnosis, classification, potentiation and suppression.
Distributed target classification and tracking in sensor networks (2003)

The highly distributed infrastructure provided by sensor networks supports fundamentally new ways of designing surveillance systems. In this paper, we discuss sensor networks for target classification and tracking. Our formulation is anchored on location-aware data routing to conserve system resources, such as energy and bandwidth. Distributed classification algorithms exploit signals from multiple nodes in several modalities and rely on prior statistical information about target classes. Associating data to tracks becomes simpler in a distributed environment, at the cost of global consistency. It may be possible to filter clutter from the system by embedding higher level reasoning in the distributed system. Results and insights from a recent field test at 29 Palms Marine Training Center are provided to highlight challenges in sensor networks.
Peroperative buprenorphine: do high dosages shorten analgesia postoperatively? (1986)

Fifty-two patients undergoing biliary surgery were investigated in a prospective randomized study, in which they received buprenorphine 10, 20, 30, and 40 micrograms X kg-1, respectively, as sole intravenous analgesic as a bolus 15 min before induction of anaesthesia. The anaesthetic was uneventful in all four groups, although when receiving 10 and 20 micrograms X kg-1 almost two-thirds of the patients needed supplemental analgesics during the operation. When receiving buprenorphine in the dosage of 30 and 40 micrograms X kg-1, 50% of the patients requested an analgesic within 5 min of extubation. In contrast, when receiving 10 and 20 micrograms X kg-1 none of the patients requested an analgesic within 1 h of the operation. These findings accord to a certain extent with the presence of a bell-shaped dose-response curve for buprenorphine in humans.
Augmented Reality for Construction Tasks: Doorlock Assembly (1999)

Augmented Reality is a technology that integrates pictures of virtual objects into images of the real world. Besides the technical problems still to be solved, for industry to be interested in this technology the additional amount of work needed to use the technology in relation to the benefit has to be visible. Furthermore the question how this integrates into the information technology infrastructure of the company is important. This paper describes an Augmented Reality demonstrator for the task of doorlock assembly into a car door that was developed trying to create a practical, realistic application that can transport the concepts behind Augmented Reality to a casual observer. To reach that goal a new fast and robust optical tracking algorithm was developed and integrated into a three-dimensional animation and rendering system, creating a real-time fully three-dimensional HMDbased training application showing how to assemble the doorlock into the door. The system was demonstrated to the general public at the Hannover Industrial Fair 1998 and this demonstration of Augmented Reality for one of the first times to a large non-expert audience created a lot of interest into this new area.
Regulation of <i>C. elegans</i> Life-Span by Insulinlike Signaling in the Nervous System (2000)

An insulinlike signaling pathway controls Caenorhabditis elegans aging, metabolism, and development. Mutations in the daf-2 insulin receptor-like gene or the downstream age-1 phosphoinositide 3-kinase gene extend adult life-span by two- to threefold. To identify tissues where this pathway regulates aging and metabolism, we restored daf-2 pathway signaling to only neurons, muscle, or intestine. Insulinlike signaling in neurons alone was sufficient to specify wild-type life-span, but muscle or intestinal signaling was not. However, restoring daf-2 pathway signaling to muscle rescued metabolic defects, thus decoupling regulation of life-span and metabolism. These findings point to the nervous system as a central regulator of animal longevity.
Transient releases of acetaldehyde from tree leaves − products of a pyruvate overflow mechanism? (2002)

Abstract Emissions of acetaldehyde from tree leaves were investigated by proton‐transfer‐reaction mass spectrometry (PTR‐MS), a technique that allows simultaneous monitoring of different leaf volatiles, and confirmed by derivatization and high‐performance liquid chromatography analysis. Bursts of acetaldehyde were released by sycamore, aspen, cottonwood and maple leaves following light–dark transitions; isoprene emission served as a measure of chloroplastic processes. Acetaldehyde bursts were not accompanied by ethanol, but exposure of leaves to inhibitors of pyruvate transport or respiration, or anoxia, led to much larger releases of acetaldehyde, accompanied by ethanol under anoxic conditions. These same leaves have an oxidative pathway for ethanol present in the transpiration stream, resulting in acetaldehyde emissions that are inhibited in vivo by 4‐methylpyrazole, an alcohol dehydrogenase (Adh) inhibitor. Labelling of leaf volatiles with 13 CO 2 suggested that the pools of cytosolic pyruvate, the proposed precursor of acetaldehyde bursts, were derived from both recent photosynthesis and cytosolic carbon sources. We hypothesize that releases of acetaldehyde during light–dark transitions result from a pyruvate overflow mechanism controlled by cytosolic pyruvate levels and pyruvate decarboxylase activity. These results suggest that leaves of woody plants contribute reactive acetaldehyde to the atmosphere under different conditions: (1) metabolic states that promote the accumulation of cytosolic pyruvate, triggering the pyruvate decarboxylase reaction; and (2) leaf ethanol oxidation resulting from ethanol transported from anoxic tissues.
Sterol Efflux Is Impaired from Macrophage Foam Cells Selectively Enriched with 7-Ketocholesterol (1996)

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether impairment of cholesterol efflux previously found from mouse peritoneal macrophages loaded with oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL) could be ascribed to the presence of oxysterols in these cells. 7-Ketocholesterol (7KC), the major oxysterol present in OxLDL-loaded cells, was selectively incorporated into unoxidized LDL, which was subsequently acetylated to produce a high uptake form. Mouse macrophages incubated with 7KC-enriched acetylated LDL (7kAcLDL) did not reveal cytotoxicity judged by cell protein and trypan blue exclusion. A large proportion of cellular 7KC was esterified, indicating that it is a substrate for acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase. Cholesterol efflux from mouse macrophages loaded with 7kAcLDL, using apoA-I as a sterol acceptor, was impaired in cells containing >50 nmol of 7KC/mg of cell protein compared with cells loaded with oxysterol-free acetylated LDL. Thus impairment of cholesterol efflux could be reproduced in cells loaded with 7kAcLDL containing similar proportions of 7KC as OxLDL. 7KC itself was exported very poorly, even when the levels of 7KC in the cells were low. These results suggest that oxysterols present in foam cells in vitro can affect reverse sterol transport and may be potentially important in foam cell formation in vivo.
Metastasis: new functional implications of platelets and megakaryocytes (2016)

Platelets are essential components of hemostasis. Due to a plethora of factors released on activation, platelet functions are also connected to tumor growth, notably by acting on angiogenesis. It is now well recognized that major roles of platelets in the poor outcome of cancer patients occurs during hematogenous dissemination of cancer cells. In this review, we describe recent insights into the molecular mechanisms supporting the prometastatic activity of platelets. Platelets have been shown to promote survival of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the bloodstream by conferring resistance to the shear stress and attack from natural killer cells. Recently, platelets were found to promote and/or maintain the state of epithelial to mesenchymal transition on CTCs through platelet secretion of transforming growth factor β in response to CTC activation. At a later stage in the metastatic process, platelets promote extravasation and establishment of metastatic cells in distant organs as observed in bone. This particular environment is also the site of hematopoiesis, megakaryocytopoiesis, and platelet production. Increasing the number of megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow results in a high bone mass phenotype and inhibits skeletal metastasis formation of prostate cancer cells. As a result of their specific location in vascular niches in the bone marrow, MK activity might contribute to the "seed and soil" suitability between CTCs and bone. In conclusion, recent findings have made a great advance in our knowledge on how platelets contribute to the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells and that may support the development of new antimetastasis therapies.
Post-lactational mammary gland regression: molecular basis and implications for breast cancer (2006)

During pregnancy, there is a massive increase in the number of luminal epithelial cells in the breast, which are destined to become the milk factories after birth. These cells are no longer required when the young are weaned, and are removed in a carefully orchestrated event called involution. In this process, the secretory epithelial cells die and are replaced by adipocytes, which redifferentiate as the epithelium is removed. It is essential that the gland is properly remodelled to a pre-pregnant state so that successful lactation can occur following a subsequent pregnancy. Furthermore, failure to remove unnecessary lactational alveoli during weaning could result in inflammation and tissue damage. Recently, it has been shown that components in the fatty stroma in involuting breast can promote metastasis. Thus, it is important to understand the molecular mechanisms that regulate involution, how these can fail, the consequences of the remodelling process, and how this knowledge can inform us about breast cancer. In this review, I discuss the roles of the JAK-STAT, NF-kappaB and other signalling pathways in the regulation of apoptosis and tissue remodelling during involution.
Keeping the lice at bay (1993)

Jenny Gibson describes current prevention and treatment regimes for headlice infestation
Design and implementation of capacitive proximity sensor using microelectromechanical systems technology (1998)

This paper presents an innovative proximity sensor using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The proximity sensor works on the principle of fringe capacitance. The target object does not need to be part of the measuring system and could be either a conductor or nonconductor. Modeling of the proximity sensor is performed and closed-form analytical solution is obtained for a ring-shaped sensing pattern. The proximity sensors could be batch fabricated using MEMS technology, and the fabrication process is relatively simple. Measurement of the prototype sensors revealed promising results. The size of the proximity sensor could vary from a few hundred micrometers to the size of the substrate. The flexibility on sensor size, sensing patterns, and sensing pattern geometrical parameters makes the sensor very versatile and capable of precision measurement of proximity in the range from micrometers to centimeters. The small size of the sensor makes it possible to surface mount the sensor in many space-constrained places. This advantage is vital in many areas, such as MEMS, microrobotics, precision engineering, machine automation, inspection tools, and many other applications. The ability of the proximity sensor in measuring relative permittivity of materials also finds the sensor useful applications in biomedical and tissue engineering. In addition, this micro proximity sensor is an ideal building block for many other types of sensors, such as force, tactile, and flow sensors.
Determination of DNA base composition by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (1984)

DNA base composition was determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). DNA was hydrolysed into nucleosides with nuclease P1 and bacterial alkaline phosphatase. The mixture of nucleosides was applied to HPLC without any further purification. One determination by chromatography needed 2 µg of hydrolysed nucleosides and took only 8 min. The relative standard error of nucleoside analysis was less than 1%. The system described here gives a direct and precise method for determining DNA base composition.
Competency matrices for peer assessment of individuals in team projects (2005)

Assessing individual contributions on team projects and promoting the maturation of team knowledge skills in students is difficult. Traditional assessment tools score an individual over a set of categories that are loosely defined and lack well-defined expectations. Further, for curriculum in which team-based learning is a primary component, the traditional approach to assessment fails to provide visibility to the students as to how their team-knowledge skills should mature as they progress. In this paper we present a competency matrix based approach that defines expected performance for required team knowledge skills, where assessment is performed relative to the expectations for the current level of the student. This competency matrix not only provides guidance and clarification for students learning these skills as they mature in their academic careers but also provides a foundation for self and peer assessments. A comparison survey was distributed to students at various levels within the curriculum currently using a traditional assessment instrument. While the students recognized that the competency-based approach was more involved and time consuming, the results of that survey demonstrate that students have a stronger preference for the competency matrix approach. We also include a discussion of the benefits and difficulties associated with this model and future work.
Functional GPCR Microarrays (2005)

This paper describes G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) microarrays on porous glass substrates and functional assays based on the binding of a europium-labeled GTP analogue. The porous glass slides were made by casting a glass frit on impermeable glass slides and then coating with gamma-aminopropyl silane (GAPS). The emitted fluorescence was captured on an imager with a time-gated intensified CCD detector. Microarrays of the neurotensin receptor 1, the cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2, the opioid receptor mu, and the cannabinoid receptor 1 were fabricated by pin printing. The selective agonism of each of the receptors was observed. The screening of potential antagonists was demonstrated using a cocktail of agonists. The amount of activation observed was sufficient to permit determinations of EC50 and IC50. Such microarrays could potentially streamline drug discovery by helping integrate primary screening with selectivity and safety screening without compromising the essential functional information obtainable from cellular assays.
Administración y agentes sociales: a cuatro manos (2009)

Solo el trabajo cooperativo de los departamentos de Medio Ambiente y de los agentes sociales puede generar espacios pro-ambientales que sensibilicen y, al mismo tiempo, capaciten a los ciudadanos para el cambio. El articulo hace un repaso de algunas experiencias, proyectos e iniciativas de diversa indole que integran los instrumentos sociales en el diseno y ejecucion de la politica ambiental.
Ophthalmic Complications After Spinal Surgery (1997)

The risk of ophthalmic complications with spinal surgery has not been fully appreciated. Because ophthalmic complications in spinal surgery may be reversed with prompt recognition and intervention, it is important for clinicians to be aware of their possible occurrence.
<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dimethylsphingosine Is a Potent Competitive Inhibitor of Sphingosine Kinase but Not of Protein Kinase C:  Modulation of Cellular Levels of Sphingosine 1-Phosphate and Ceramide (1998)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (SPP), a lipid second messenger formed by the action of sphingosine kinase, has been implicated in regulating diverse biological processes, including growth, survival, and differentiation. N,N-Dimethylsphingosine (DMS) inhibits sphingosine kinase and has been used to investigate the biological roles of SPP; however, little is known of the mechanism of inhibition of sphingosine kinase by DMS. In addition, DMS has been shown to inhibit protein kinase C in vitro. Here we report that DMS is a competitive inhibitor of sphingosine kinase from U937 monoblastic leukemia cells, Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts, and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. DMS decreases basal levels of SPP and prevents increases in SPP in response to physiological stimuli known to activate sphingosine kinase. DMS also effectively increases cellular levels of ceramide in a variety of cell types, and resetting of the ceramide/SPP rheostat may account for the pro-apoptotic effects of DMS. Moreover, DMS, at concentrations which effectively inhibit sphingosine kinase, has no effect on protein kinase C activity or its membrane translocation. Thus, DMS acts as a specific competitive inhibitor of sphingosine kinase in diverse cell types and is a useful tool to elucidate the role of SPP as an intracellular second messenger.
Computational Plenoptic Imaging (2011)

Abstract The plenoptic function is a ray‐based model for light that includes the colour spectrum as well as spatial, temporal and directional variation. Although digital light sensors have greatly evolved in the last years, one fundamental limitation remains: all standard CCD and CMOS sensors integrate over the dimensions of the plenoptic function as they convert photons into electrons; in the process, all visual information is irreversibly lost, except for a two‐dimensional, spatially varying subset—the common photograph. In this state‐of‐the‐art report, we review approaches that optically encode the dimensions of the plenoptic function transcending those captured by traditional photography and reconstruct the recorded information computationally.
Brookite formation from precipitates containing calcium ions. (1978)

Brookite was obtained from fresh coprecipitates prepared by neutralization of TiCl4 and CaCl2 solutions, under hydrothermal conditions of 220–560°C and water pressure of 1 kbar. This phase developed from anatase and through the decomposition of a titanate in solutions containing Ca++ ions, which were established as a new stabilizer for the formation of the phase. A reaction diagram, indicating the formation region of the phase, was determined.
Gastric Electrical Activity Becomes Abnormal in the Upright Position in Patients With Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (2010)

The electrical activity of the stomach changes during the upright position in children with POTS, but not in children without this diagnosis. These changes could relate to their report of worsening pain in the upright position.
Diene-substituent effects on the rate of the retro-Diels-Alder reaction. Cycloreversion reactivity varying over a range of 105 (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiene-substituent effects on the rate of the retro-Diels-Alder reaction. Cycloreversion reactivity varying over a range of 105Y. S. Chung, Brook F. Duerr, P. Nanjappan, and Anthony W. CzarnikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 6, 1334–1336Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00241a046https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Endovascular Treatment of a Traumatic Pseudo Aneurysm of the Middle Meningeal Artery (2006)

We describe a case of traumatic pseudoaneurysm of middle meningeal artery in a patient after a head trauma. The aneurysm was associated with epidural hemorrhage and was treated successfully with coil embolization.
Economic benefits of membrane chromatography versus packed bed column purification of therapeutic proteins expressed in microbial and mammalian hosts (2016)

Abstract BACKGROUND Membrane chromatography has been accepted as the polishing step in several commercial processes for production of monoclonal antibody therapeutics over the past decade. This study aims to compare the performance of the traditional column chromatography with membrane chromatography for the two major classes of biotherapeutics, a therapeutic protein expressed in a microbial host and a monoclonal antibody product expressed in mammalian cells. RESULTS It is observed that membrane chromatography underperforms in applications that require high resolution separation. However, membrane chromatography offers several key advantages for applications that do not require high resolution separation, such as flow through process steps. These advantages include not only the ease of use but also a significantly lower cost (consumables and operating time). Cost advantage is also seen for cases when short manufacturing campaigns (less than 10 lots) are required and the resin will be discarded at the end of the campaign. CONCLUSIONS This is a first‐of‐a‐kind study with respect to examining applicability of membrane chromatography for purification of a microbial and a mammalian product and also consideration of the process economics. The study demonstrates that membrane chromatography offers significant advantages in certain applications. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry