gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Synchronization Algorithm for Packet MANs (2011)

We describe the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a clock recovery algorithm suitable for synchronization over a packet-based metro-area network (MAN) using the Precision Time Protocol (PTP). The algorithm consists of a packet-based phase error estimator and a phase-locked loop (PLL). The loop is augmented with a step detector that detects discontinuities in the packet arrival process due to route or network load changes, and a congestion detector that filters out unusable samples. The PLL requires a number of interesting tradeoffs that are specific for a high noise environment, while the congestion and step detector are non-traditional mechanisms specifically designed to deal with the peculiarities of a packet network.
Novel oxytocin receptor agonists and antagonists: a patent review (2002 – 2013) (2013)

In the past decade, cumulative evidence supports the idea that activation of the Oxtr can have a positive effect upon human cognition and social behavior. The authors suggest that new agonists and antagonists may play an important role in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, autism or schizophrenia. It may even be that older Oxtr agonists and antagonists, which were used to overcome labor-related dysfunction, may also have a significant impact on human social behavior.
MU-MIMO MAC Protocols for Wireless Local Area Networks: A Survey (2014)

As wireless devices boom and bandwidth-hungry applications (e.g., video and cloud uploading) get popular, today's wireless local area networks (WLANs) become not only crowded but also stressed at throughput. Multiuser multiple-input-multiple-output (MU-MIMO), an advanced form of MIMO, has gained attention due to its huge potential in improving the performance of WLANs. This paper surveys random access-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for MU-MIMO-enabled WLANs. It first provides background information about the evolution and the fundamental MAC schemes of IEEE 802.11 Standards and Amendments, and then identifies the key requirements of designing MU-MIMO MAC protocols for WLANs. After this, the most representative MU-MIMO MAC proposals in the literature are overviewed by benchmarking their MAC procedures and examining the key components, such as the channel state information acquisition, decoding/precoding, and scheduling schemes. Classifications and discussions on important findings of the surveyed MAC protocols are provided, based on which, the research challenges for designing effective MU-MIMO MAC protocols, as well as the envisaged MAC's role in the future heterogeneous networks, are highlighted.
Transient Oxidative Stress Damages Mitochondrial Machinery Inducing Persistent β-Cell Dysfunction (2009)

Transient exposure of beta-cells to oxidative stress interrupts the transduction of signals normally coupling glucose metabolism to insulin secretion. We investigated putative persistence of effects induced by one transient oxidative stress (200 microm H(2)O(2), 10 min) on insulin secreting cells following recovery periods of days and weeks. Three days after oxidative stress INS-1E cells and rat islets exhibited persistent dysfunction. In particular, the secretory response to 15 mm glucose was reduced by 40% in INS-1E cells stressed 3 days before compared with naïve cells. Compared with non-stressed INS-1E cells, we observed reduced oxygen consumption (-43%) and impaired glucose-induced ATP generation (-46%). These parameters correlated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species formation (+60%) accompanied with down-regulation of subunits of the respiratory chain and decreased expression of genes responsible for mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM, -24%; PGC-1alpha, -67%). Three weeks after single oxidative stress, both mitochondrial respiration and secretory responses were recovered. Moreover, such recovered INS-1E cells exhibited partial resistance to a second transient oxidative stress and up-regulation of UCP2 (+78%) compared with naïve cells. In conclusion, one acute oxidative stress induces beta-cell dysfunction lasting over days, explained by persistent damages in mitochondrial components.
Zinc Stannate (Zn<sub>2</sub>SnO<sub>4</sub>) Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2007)

Developing new electrode materials is important for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Previous research has mostly been limited to simple binary oxides. The application of multication oxides in DSSC has been rarely explored. In this communication, we report the promising application of Zn2SnO4 nanoparticles in DSSC. An overall light-to-electricity efficiency as high as 3.8% has been achieved under 1 sun AM 1.5 illumination. In comparison with ZnO and SnO2 as its simple component oxides, a Zn2SnO4 cell is more stable against acidic dyes than a ZnO cell, while it has much better performance than a SnO2 cell. Our results suggest that multication oxides, with the availability of a wide range of compositions and tunable properties, hold great promise as new electrode materials for DSSCs.
Instrumentation in Astronomy VI (1986)

sion="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> AH Australian Health Review Aust. Health Rev. 0156-5788 1449-8944 CSIRO Publishing 36 Gardiner Road Clayton 3168 Melbourne Victoria Australia AH22124 10.1071/AH22124 Policy Reflections Leading through a pandemic S. Matthews Matthews Sue Doctor of Public Health, Chief Executive A * Administration, The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Cnr Grattan Street and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia. * Correspondence to: Sue Matthews Administration, The Royal Women's Hospital, Locked Bag 300, Cnr Grattan Street and Flemington Road, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia Email: sue.matthews@thewomens.org.au 2 June 2022 46 3 255 255 17 May 2022 Received 17 May 2022 17 May 2022 Accepted 17 May 2022 Published © 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of AHHA. 2022 The Authors Leading in a crisis has been studied and written about in the past. But, leading in a crisis the scale and length of the pandemic has very few publications. Implications for leaders are to lead with confidence and transparency.
Introduction (2002)

It was not a promising beginning. Despite the best-laid plans, Prime Minister Harold Macmillan’s first meeting with the new president of the United States, John F. Kennedy did not take place in Washington during the first week of April 1961. Instead, responding to what amounted to a summons from Kennedy at the end of March, the aged prime minister flew to the US Naval Base at Key West in Florida. This detour, involving two five-hour flights in the middle of a planned trip to the Caribbean, was, as Macmillan’s press secretary Harold Evans put it, like flying to Moscow for lunch.1 Across the perspective of four decades, the reason for this hasty change in plans seems somewhat improbable. A civil war between communist and Western-backed forces in the land-locked South East Asian state of Laos had, in Kennedy’s estimation, raised issues vital to the waging of the Cold War. Not only that, but from the new president’s point of view, the prime minister’s attempts to wriggle out of any British military commitment to stem the communist advance in Laos threatened a ‘serious difference of opinion between the United Kingdom and the United States …’2
An Oxygen-Sensing Diguanylate Cyclase and Phosphodiesterase Couple for c-di-GMP Control (2009)

A commonly observed coupling of sensory domains to GGDEF-class diguanylate cyclases and EAL-class phosphodiesterases has long suggested that c-di-GMP synthesizing and degrading enzymes sense environmental signals. Nevertheless, relatively few signal ligands have been identified for these sensors, and even fewer instances of in vitro switching by ligand have been demonstrated. Here we describe an Escherichia coli two-gene operon, dosCP, for control of c-di-GMP by oxygen. In this operon, the gene encoding the oxygen-sensing c-di-GMP phosphodiesterase Ec Dos (here renamed Ec DosP) follows and is translationally coupled to a gene encoding a diguanylate cyclase, here designated DosC. We present the first characterizations of DosC and a detailed study of the ligand-dose response of DosP. Our results show that DosC is a globin-coupled sensor with an apolar but accessible heme pocket that binds oxygen with a K(d) of 20 microM. The response of DosP activation to increasing oxygen concentration is a complex function of its ligand saturation such that over 80% of the activation occurs in solutions that exceed 30% of air saturation (oxygen >75 microM). Finally, we find that DosP and DosC associate into a functional complex. We conclude that the dosCP operon encodes two oxygen sensors that cooperate in the controlled production and removal of c-di-GMP.
Serum Autoantibody Profiling Using a Natural Glycoprotein Microarray for the Prognosis of Early Melanoma (2010)

The poor prognosis of melanoma and the high cost of lymph node biopsy for melanoma patients have led to an urgent need for the discovery of convenient and accurate prognostic indicators. Here, we have developed a natural glycoprotein microarray to discover serum autoantibodies to distinguish between patients with node negative melanoma and node positive melanoma. Dual-lectin affinity chromatography was used to extract glycoproteins from a melanoma cell line. Liquid-based reverse phase separation and microarray platforms were then applied to separate and spot these natural proteins on nitrocellulose slides. The serum autoantibodies were investigated by exposing these proteins to sera from 43 patients that have already been diagnosed to have different stages of early melanoma. The combination of 9 fractions provides a 55% sensitivity with 100% specificity for the detection of node positive against node negative and a 62% sensitivity with 100% specificity for the detection of node negative against node positive. Recombinant proteins were used to confirm the results using a sample set with 79 patients with diagnosed melanoma. The response of sera against recombinant 94 kD glucose-regulated protein (GRP94), acid ceramidase (ASAH1), cathepsin D (CTSD), and lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) shared a similar pattern to the fractions where they were identified. The glycoarray platform provides a convenient and highly reproducible method to profile autoantibodies that could be used as serum biomarkers for prognosis of melanoma.
Digitising the wireless MRI link: a space-time CDMA approach (2001)

In this paper an approach for digitising the wireless MRI unit to data processing unit link is presented. The proposed method is able to support multiple medical imaging devices functioning in a low signal to noise ratio environment. The architecture utilises the short code CDMA signalling format since this offers a number of advantages, and a novel joint-space time remote array receiver. The receiver output can be used to make reliable data symbol decisions even in conditions of low input Signal to Noise ratio. The theoretical framework is supported by computer simulation studies.
Engineering bacterial motility towards hydrogen-peroxide (2018)

Synthetic biologists construct innovative genetic/biological systems to treat environmental, energy, and health problems. Many systems employ rewired cells for non-native product synthesis, while a few have employed the rewired cells as 'smart' devices with programmable function. Building on the latter, we developed a genetic construct to control and direct bacterial motility towards hydrogen peroxide, one of the body's immune response signaling molecules. A motivation for this work is the creation of cells that can target and autonomously treat disease, the latter signaled by hydrogen peroxide release. Bacteria naturally move towards a variety of molecular cues (e.g., nutrients) in the process of chemotaxis. In this work, we engineered bacteria to recognize and move towards hydrogen peroxide, a non-native chemoattractant and potential toxin. Our system exploits oxyRS, the native oxidative stress regulon of E. coli. We first demonstrated H2O2-mediated upregulation motility regulator, CheZ. Using transwell assays, we showed a two-fold increase in net motility towards H2O2. Then, using a 2D cell tracking system, we quantified bacterial motility descriptors including velocity, % running (of tumble/run motions), and a dynamic net directionality towards the molecular cue. In CheZ mutants, we found that increased H2O2 concentration (0-200 μM) and induction time resulted in increased running speeds, ultimately reaching the native E. coli wild-type speed of ~22 μm/s with a ~45-65% ratio of running to tumbling. Finally, using a microfluidic device with stable H2O2 gradients, we characterized responses and the potential for "programmed" directionality towards H2O2 in quiescent fluids. Overall, the synthetic biology framework and tracking analysis in this work will provide a framework for investigating controlled motility of E. coli and other 'smart' probiotics for signal-directed treatment.
3D Unsteady Flow Simulation through a Turbine (1989)

A method is presented for simulating the unsteady flow field induced by the relative motion between adjacent airfoil rows in a turbine stage using the Euler flow equations. The effect due to fluid viscosity is modeled through the use of a surface friction force. Theoretical predictions, obtained by using this method, show generation of unsteady secondary flow in a turbine rotor that yield excellent agreement with experimental data.
A Novel Self-Aligned 4-Bit SONOS-Type Nonvolatile Memory Cell With T-Gate and I-Shaped FinFET Structure (2010)

We propose a novel 4-bit self-aligned SONOS-type nonvolatile memory (NVM) cell with a T-gate and I-shaped FinFET structure for practical implementation with high storage density and better reliability. In order to obtain enhanced reliability characteristics, a modified Fowler-Nordheim tunneling mechanism is employed for programming along the channel length direction, while a band-to-band hot hole injection is used for erasing along the channel width direction. With separated paths for program and erase, improved device performance is obtained with sensing margin. In order to improve the immunity to second-bit effects, the gate-induced drain leakage current method, which is a charge detection method and highly sensitive to the locally stored charges, is employed for the reading of the stored data. In terms of the scalability, we confirmed by 2-D technology computer-aided design simulation that the proposed NVM cell with channel length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> = 50 nm operates with enough sensing margin and high-density ( ~ 5 F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /bit) NVM by the crossed cell array architecture.
Preclinical Evaluation of GS-9160, a Novel Inhibitor of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase (2008)

GS-9160 is a novel and potent inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase (IN) that specifically targets the process of strand transfer. It is an authentic inhibitor of HIV-1 integration, since treatment of infected cells results in an elevation of two-long terminal repeat circles and a decrease of integration junctions. GS-9160 has potent and selective antiviral activity in primary human T lymphocytes producing a 50% effective concentration (EC(50)) of approximately 2 nM, with a selectivity index (50% cytotoxic concentration/EC(50)) of approximately 2,000. The antiviral potency of GS-9160 decreased by 6- to 10-fold in the presence of human serum. The antiviral activity of GS-9160 is synergistic in combination with representatives from three different classes of antiviral drugs, namely HIV-1 protease inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Viral resistance selections performed with GS-9160 yielded a novel pattern of mutations within the catalytic core domain of IN; E92V emerged initially, followed by L74M. While E92V as a single mutant conferred 12-fold resistance against GS-9160, L74M had no effect as a single mutant. Together, these mutations conferred 67-fold resistance to GS-9160, indicating that L74M may potentiate the resistance caused by E92V. The pharmacokinetic profile of GS-9160 in healthy human volunteers revealed that once-daily dosing was not likely to achieve antiviral efficacy; hence, the clinical development of this compound was discontinued.
Alkaline <i>O</i>→<i>N</i>-transacylation. A new method for the quantitative deacylation of phospholipids (1981)

1. Quantitative O-deacylation of phospholipids has been achieved by incubation with a reagent containing monomethylamine, methanol and water. The reaction is primarily an O leads to N-transacylation with N-methyl fatty acid amides being formed. 2. The reagent can be removed easily by volatilization and under defined conditions no secondary decomposition of the phosphorus-containing deacylation products occurs. 3. The water-soluble phosphorus compounds derived by deacylation of mammalian tissue O-diacylated phospholipids have been completely separated by a single-dimensional paper ionophoresis with a volatile pH9 buffer. 4. The O-deacylated alkyl and alkenyl phospholipids have been examined by t.l.c. before and after catalytic hydrolysis with Hg2+. 5. A complete analysis of rat brain phospholipids by the above methods agrees closely with that obtained by other procedures.
Encountering domains in ferroelectrics (1973)

The possibility of creation of a structure of two domains with mutually opposite directions of spontaneous polarization is considered. These domains are divided by a domain wall of metal conductivity with a concentration of free electrons or holes of about 1021 cm-3, the thickness of the conducting layer being about 10-7 cm.
Real-time detection of laser-induced transient gratings and surface acoustic wave pulses with a Michelson interferometer (1997)

Laser-induced transient gratings (LITGs) at surfaces of absorbing materials were utilized to generate narrowband surface acoustic waves (SAWs). In these experiments, SAWs were excited thermoelastically by two crossed picosecond laser pulses and detected with an actively stabilized Michelson interferometer by measuring transient surface displacements in the sub-angstrom range in real time. In addition, coherent broadband SAW pulses with frequencies up to 350 MHz were excited by sharply focusing the laser beam with a cylindrical lens system onto the sample surface. The LITG experiments provide an extension of the frequency range achieved with the broadband SAW pulse technique. From the measurements of the dispersive SAW phase velocity for a 650 nm aluminum film on fused silica in the frequency range 10 MHz–1 GHz the density and elastic constants were determined by fitting the experimental data to the exact solution of the wave equations taking into account the boundary conditions.
Significantly enhanced biomass production of a novel bio-therapeutic strain Lactobacillus plantarum (AS-14) by developing low cost media cultivation strategy (2017)

Probiotic bacteria are becoming an important tool for improving human health, controlling diseases and enhancing immune responses. The availability of a cost effective cultivation conditions has profound effect on the efficiency and role of probiotic bacteria. Therefore the current study was conducted with an objective to develop a low cost growth medium for enhancing the biomass production of a bio-therapeutic bacterial strain Lactobacillus plantarum AS-14. In this work the isolation of Lactobacillus plantarum AS-14 bacterial strain was carried out from brinjal using cheese whey as a main carbon source. Moreover, the effect of four other nutritional factors besides cheese whey was investigated on the enhanced cell mass production by using response surface methodology (RSM). The best culture medium contained 60 g/l cheese whey, 15 g/l glucose and 15 g/l corn steep liquor in addition to other minor ingredients and it resulted in maximum dry cell mass (15.41 g/l). The second-order polynomial regression model determined that the maximum cell mass production (16.02 g/l) would be obtained at temperature 40°C and pH 6.2. Comparative studies showed that cultivation using cheese whey and corn steep liquor with other components of the selected medium generated higher biomass with lower cost than that of De Man, Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) medium under similar cultivation conditions (pH 6.2 and temperature 40°C). It is evident that the cell biomass of L. Plantarum AS-14 was enhanced by low cost cultivation conditions. Moreover, corn steep liquor and ammonium bisulphate were perceived as low-cost nitrogen sources in combination with other components to substitute yeast extract. Of all these factors, cheese whey, corn steep liquor, yeast extract and two operating conditions (temperature and pH) were found to be the most significant parameters. Thus the cost effective medium developed in this research might be used for large-scale commercial application where economics is quite likely important.
The amniotic fluid as a source of mesenchymal stem cells with lung‐specific characteristics (2017)

The amniotic fluid is a clinically accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells (AF-MSC) during gestation, which enables autologous cellular therapy for perinatal disorders. The origin of AF-MSC remains elusive: renal and neuronal progenitors have been isolated from the AF-MSC pool, yet no cells with pulmonary characteristics. We analyzed gene expression of pulmonary and renal markers of 212 clonal lines of AF-MSC isolated from amniocentesis samples. AF-MSC were cultured on dishes coated with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins from decellularized fetal rabbit lungs. In vivo differentiation potential of AF-MSC that expressed markers suggestive of lung fate was tested by renal subcapsular injections in immunodeficient mice. Of all the isolated AF-MSC lines, 26% were positive for lung endodermal markers FOXA2 and NKX2.1 and lacked expression of renal markers (KSP). This AF-MSC subpopulation expressed other lung-specific factors, including IRX1, P63, FOXP2, LGR6, SFTC, and PDPN. Pulmonary marker expression decreased over passages when AF-MSC were cultured under conventional conditions, yet remained more stable when culturing the cells on lung ECM-coated dishes. Renal subcapsular injection of AF-MSC expressing lung-specific markers resulted in engrafted cells that were SPTB positive. These data suggest that FOXA2+/NKX2.1+/KSP- AF-MSC lines have lung characteristics which are supported by culture on lung ECM-coated dishes.
Optical Properties of Neural Tissue (2013)

The optical properties of neural tissues play critical roles in all types of optical imaging methods. The wavelength-dependent absorption and scattering properties of tissue influence imaging resolution, penetration depth, and often provide sources of contrast. Therefore, quantitative interpretation of imaging data requires knowledge of the optical properties of neural tissues. Light scattering in tissue arises from nanometer-scale spatial variations in refractive index and requires a thorough electromagnetic description of light propagation through this complex medium. Unfortunately, the complexity of neural tissues and the difficulty in measuring refractive index values make such a complete description unrealistic. Therefore, approximations must be made in order to characterize the light scattering properties of neural tissue. This chapter summarizes the various approaches to assess and describe the optical properties of neural tissue and discusses their role for cortical imaging.