gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiroptical Properties of Poly(<i>p</i><i>-</i>phenyleneethynylene) Copolymers in Thin Films:  Large <i>g</i>-Values (2002)

A series of chirally substituted poly (p-phenyleneethynylene) copolymers was prepared by alkyne metathesis of mixtures of two different 2,5-dialkyl-1,4-dipropynylbenzenes. One of the monomers was the chiral bis-2,5-(S)-3,7-dimethyloctyl-1,4-dipropynylbenzene, and the second one was an achiral dipropynyl monomer. If the content of chiral monomer is 25-50 mol %, unusually large chiroptical effects, that is, optical dissymmetries, result in absorption (g = -0.38) and emission (g = -0.19) of these copolymers. The large dissymmetries can be explained by a supramolecular ordering of the PPEs into stranded features that are visualized by dark-field transmission electron microscopy. The strands of chirally substituted PPEs display a striated structure that suggests that the whole feature is a single chirally twisted crystallite.
Design Considerations and Strengthening Mechanisms in Developing Co-Re-Based Alloys for Applications at + 100°C above Ni-Superalloys (2011)

Although Ni-base superalloys meet the gas turbine needs of today, they are used very close to their melting range. Demands for applications at higher temperatures are presently met partly through component cooling and application of thermal barrier coatings. However, this approach can not be sustained indefinitely unless the base metal melting temperature is also significantly increased. Rhenium addition can substantially increase the melting point in Co-base alloys and thereby provide a unique opportunity in the development of new alloys for very high temperatures – e.g. for applications at +100°C metal temperature above present day single crystal Ni-base superalloys. The design considerations behind the Co-Re alloy development are presented in this paper. Selected results from the alloy development studies are also presented.
Optical Properties of Ultrashort Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Capsules Down to Sub-10 nm (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are typically long (>100 nm) and have been well established as novel quasi one-dimensional systems with interesting electrical, mechanical, and optical properties. Here, quasi zero-dimensional SWNTs with finite lengths down to the molecular scale (7.5 nm in average) were obtained by length separation using a density gradient ultracentrifugation method. Different sedimentation rates of nanotubes with different lengths in a density gradient were taken advantage of to sort SWNTs according to length. Optical experiments on the SWNT fractions revealed that the UV-vis-NIR absorption and photoluminescence peaks of the ultrashort SWNTs blue-shift up to 30 meV compared to long nanotubes, owing to quantum confinement effects along the length of ultrashort SWNTs. These nanotube capsules essentially correspond to SWNT quantum dots.
Assesment and Prediction of Natural Hazards from Satellite Imagery (2007)

Since 2000, there have been a number of spaceborne satellites that have changed the way we assess and predict natural hazards. These satellites are able to quantify physical geography phenomena associated with the movements of the earth's surface (earthquakes, mass movements(, water (floods, tsunamis, storms), and fire (wildfires). Most of these satellites contain active or passive sensors that can be utilized by the scientific community for the remote sensing of natural hazards over a number of spatial and temporal scales. The most useful satellite imagery for the assessment of earthquake damage comes from high-resolution (0.6 m to 1 m pixel size) passive sensors and moderate resolution active sensors that can quantify the vertical and horizontal movement of the earth's surface. High-resolution passive sensors have been used successfully to assess flood damage while predictive maps of flood vulnerability areas are possible based on physical variables collected from passive and active sensors. Recent moderate resolution sensors are able to provide near real-time data on fires and provide quantitative data used in fire behavior models. Limitations currently exist due to atmospheric interference, pixel resolution, and revisit times. However, a number of new microsatellites and constellations of satellites will be launched in the next five years that contain increased resolution (0.5 m to 1 m pixel resolution for active sensors) and revisit times (daily &lt;2.3 m resolution images from passive sensors) that will significantly improve our ability to assess and predict natural hazards from space.
Elevated Interleukin-18 Levels in the Urine of Nephrotic Patients (2001)

These results indicate that uIL- 18 is detectable in a subgroup of patients with active NS and correlates to their disease activity in patients with MCNS. Our findings support the notion that IL-18 may play a role in the pathophysiology of NS.
Near-infrared spectroscopy during resuscitation of trauma patients predicts development of multiple organ dysfunction: a prospective cohort study (2007)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) noninvasively monitors muscle tissue oxygen saturation (StO2). It may provide a continuous measurement to identify occult hypoperfusion, guide resuscitation, and predict the development of multiple organ dysfunction (MOD) after severe trauma. We evaluated the correlation between initial StO2 and the development of MOD in multitrauma patients.
Microdiversity of Burkholderiales associated with mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula (2008)

The genetic diversity of bacterial communities associated with mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots of Medicago truncatula was characterized by two approaches. Firstly, phylogenetic analysis was performed on 164 partial 16S rRNA gene-intergenic spacer (IGS) sequences from operational taxonomic units previously shown to be preferentially associated with mycorrhizal roots. These sequences were distributed into three branches corresponding to Comamonadaceae, Oxalobacteraceae and Rubrivivax subgroups. Most sequences were obtained from mycorrhizal roots, indicating the preferential association of the corresponding families with mycorrhizal roots. A second phylogenetic analysis was performed on the partial 16S rRNA gene-IGS sequences of 173 isolates among a large collection of isolates, from mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots, belonging to Comamonadaceae and Oxalobacteraceae on the basis of their positive hybridization with a partial 16S rRNA gene-IGS probe obtained in this study. Sequence analysis confirmed the affiliation of 166 isolates to Comamonadaceae and seven to Oxalobacteraceae. Oxalobacteraceae isolates were more abundant in mycorrhizal (five) than in nonmycorrhizal (two) roots, whereas Comamonadaceae isolates were more abundant in nonmycorrhizal (109) than mycorrhizal roots (57). Further analysis of Comamonadaceae isolates by BOX-PCR showed that the genetic structure of culturable populations belonging to this family differed significantly in mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal roots, as indicated by distributions in different BOX types, differences being significantly explained by BOX types only including isolates from mycorrhizal roots. These data are discussed in an ecological context.
Rho-Associated Protein Kinase (ROCK) Inhibitors Inhibit Survivin Expression and Sensitize Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cells to Gemcitabine (2016)

Small molecule inhibitor-mediated targeting of ROCK may be a viable strategy to overcome cancer chemoresistance through down-regulation of survivin.
Optical imaging of Rydberg atoms (2012)

We present an experiment exploring electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms in order to observe optical nonlinearities at the single photon level. 87Rb atoms are trapped and cooled using a magneto-optical trap (MOT) and a far off resonance dipole trap (FORT). Once the system is prepared, a ladder EIT scheme with Rydberg atoms is used to map the photon field onto the ensemble. The powerful dipole interaction between Rydberg atoms allows the system to exhibit many-body quantum mechanical effects. We also describe an imaging method to observe the Rydberg blockade. Last of all, we present a preliminary measurement of EIT in a Rydberg system. In this measurement, the transmission shows sensitivity to the applied photon flux, and exhibits temporal correlations in the photons exiting the EIT medium.
A tongue input device for creating conversations (2011)

We present a new tongue input device, the tongue joystick, for use by an actor inside an articulated-head character costume. Using our device, the actor can maneuver through a dialogue tree, selecting clips of prerecorded audio to hold a conversation in the voice of the character. The device is constructed of silicone sewn with conductive thread, a unique method for creating rugged, soft, low-actuation force devices. This method has application for entertainment and assistive technology. We compare our device against other portable mouth input devices, showing it to be the fastest and most accurate in tasks mimicking our target application. Finally, we show early results of an actor inside an articulated-head costume using the tongue joystick to interact with a child.
Fluoride uptake by human tooth enamel: topical application versus combined dielectrophoresis and AC electroosmosis. (2013)

Fluoride concentrations in the diffusion group were significantly higher than baseline readings at 10, 20 and 50 microm depths. Fluoride concentrations in DEP/ACE-treated teeth were significantly higher than the diffusion group at 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 microm (ANOVA/Student-Newman-Keuls post hoc, P < 0.05). Fluoride uptake with DEP/ACE was substantially higher than diffusion at 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 microm depths (paired t test, P < 0.05). DEP/ACE transported fluoride up to 300 microm deep, whereas conventional fluoride application was comparatively ineffective beyond 20 microm depth (P < 0.05). Compared to passive diffusion, fluoride uptake in enamel was significantly higher in the DEP/ACE group at 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 300 microm depths (P < 0.05). DEP/ACE drove fluoride substantially deeper into human enamel with a difference in uptake 1,575 ppm higher than diffusion at 100 microm depth; 6 times higher at 50 microm depth; 5 times higher at 20 microm depth; and 7 times higher at 10 microm depth. Fluoride levels at 100 microm were equivalent to long-term prophylactic exposure.
Vision-based integrated systems for intelligent data analysis (2012)

It is becoming increasingly clear that it is humanly impossible to analyze a deluge of data from cameras and other sensors in a variety of applications including surveillance, railroad inspection, driver assistance. The practical systems that we built, although in pursuit of different business objectives, share a common goal, which is to intelligently and efficiently analyze and extract the most important actionable information from an overwhelming amount of data, while being able to effectively ignore a large portions of uneventful and/or noisy data. This presentation will focus on computer vision, machine learning and system optimization techniques that we used to successfully address different technical and business challenges, and to deliver differentiating performance to meet our customers' expectations.
1H and 15N Resonance Assignments and Structure of the N-Terminal Domain of Escherichia coli Initiation Factor 3 (1995)

Initiation factor IF3 from Escherichia coli is composed of two domains connected by a hydrophilic peptide. In this study, the N-terminal domain (residues 7-83) has been overexpressed, 15N labelled and purified. NMR assignments for this domain have been obtained by two-dimensional and three-dimensional heteronuclear and homonuclear spectroscopy. Using distance geometry and simulated annealing, a three-dimensional solution structure was calculated using 506 NOE and 56 dihedral angle restraints. The resulting structure is composed of a five-stranded antiparallel beta sheet surrounded by two alpha helices. Since the heteronuclear 1H-15N correlation spectrum of the N-terminal domain of IF3 is an almost exact subset of that of the native protein, the assignments obtained and the structure calculated should be directly transposable to the full-length protein.
Macrocycles: lessons from the distant past, recent developments, and future directions (2014)

A noticeable increase in molecular complexity of drug targets has created an unmet need in the therapeutic agents that are larger than traditional small molecules. Macrocycles, which are cyclic compounds comprising 12 atoms or more, are now recognized as molecules that "are up to the task" to interrogate extended protein interfaces. However, because macrocycles (particularly the ones based on peptides) are equipped with large polar surface areas, achieving cellular permeability and bioavailability is anything but straightforward. While one might consider this to be the Achilles' heel of this class of compounds, the synthetic community continues to develop creative approaches toward the synthesis of macrocycles and their site-selective modification. This perspective provides an overview of both mechanistic and structural issues that bear on macrocycles as a unique class of molecules. The reader is offered a historical foray into some of the classic studies that have resulted in the current renaissance of macrocycles. In addition, an attempt is made to overview the more recent developments that give hope that macrocycles might indeed turn into a useful therapeutic modality.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer determinations using multiphoton fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to characterize amyloid-beta plaques (2003)

We describe the implementation of a commercial fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) instrument used in conjunction with a commercial laser scanning multiphoton microscope. The femtosecond-pulsed near-infrared laser is an ideal excitation source for time-domain fluorescence lifetime measurements. With synchronization from the x-y scanners, fluorescence lifetimes can be acquired on a pixel-by-pixel basis, with high spatial resolution. Multiexponential curve fits for each pixel result in two-dimensional fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements that allow the determination of both proximity of fluorescent FRET pairs, as well as the fraction of FRET pairs close enough for FRET to occur. Experiments are described that characterize this system, as well as commonly used reagents valuable for FRET determinations in biological systems. Constructs of CFP and YFP were generated to demonstrate FRET between this pair of green fluorescent protein (GFP) color variants. The lifetime characteristics of the FRET pair fluorescein and rhodamine, commonly used for immunohistochemistry, were also examined. Finally, these fluorophores were used to demonstrate spatially resolved FRET with senile plaques obtained from transgenic mouse brain. Together these results demonstrate that FLIM allows sensitive measurements of protein-protein interactions on a spatial scale less than 10 nm using commercially available components.
The steric requirements for sterol inhibition of tetrahymanol biosynthesis (1978)

Abstract Many naturally occurring sterols are accumulated and metabolized by Tetrahymena pyriformis . In most cases, the sterols are desaturated to give Δ5,7,22 ‐derivatives. Compounds with an ethyl, but not with a methyl, substituent at C‐24 are dealkylated. Exposure of the ciliates to the appropriate sterol sharply curtails the synthesis of the native pentacyclic triterpenoid alcohols, tetrahymanol and diplopterol. An analysis with modified sterols has revealed several additional features that are required for desaturation at C‐7,8 and C‐22,23 and for inhibition of tetrahymanol biosynthesis. The presence of a trans ‐17(20)‐double bond, which eliminates free rotation at C‐20 and fixes C‐22 to the right of the nucleus, does not interfere with desaturation, while the cis ‐ or left‐handed isomer is not metabolized. The cis ‐Δ 17(20) ‐isomer is, however, an effective inhibitor of tetrahymanol biosynthesis, although less so that the trans ‐counterpart. When a methyl or hydroxyl group at C‐20 protrudes to the front of the molecule in the right‐handed conformation, metabolism is reduced or abolished. Shortening (by one C‐atom) or lengthening of the sterol side chain has little effect on the ability of the compounds to inhibit tetrahymanol biosynthesis or to support growth, as long as the overall length of the side chain does not exceed seven carbons from C‐20. The presence of a 7α‐, 7β‐, 20α‐, 20β‐, or a 25‐hydroxy group in the cholesterol molecule sharply inhibits desaturation and curtails the effectiveness of the compound as an inhibitor of tetrahymanol biosynthesis. The 7‐ or 22‐keto derivatives seem to act in a fashion similar to the hydroxy derivatives, but these compounds show greater inhibition of growth. 20‐Methylcholesterol, however, is a potent inhibitor of synthesis, which suggests that the polarity of the substituent of C‐20 is more important than bulk. Many sterols can effectively replace tetrahymanol in the membranes of these ciliates. However, several of the compounds, which inhibit synthesis, appear to be physiologically inappropriate, and poor growth results. An example of the latter class is 20‐methylcholesterol. Finally, a class of sterols, represented by 20α‐hydroxycholesterol and 7‐ketocholesterol, does not severly inhibit tetrahymanol synthesis but leads to growth inhibition and surface abnormalities. These sterols apparently lead to a disordered membrane, even in the presence of tetrahymanol.
Infrastructure restructuring and regulation - building a base for sustainable growth (2000)

The link between economic growth, and\n better provision of infrastructure services may be unproven,\n but it is clear that reforms to make infrastructure services\n more competitive (where possible), and to provide strong,\n and independent economic regulation of natural monopolies,\n do create an environment more conducive to: 1) Private\n sector participation in infrastructure investments. 2)\n companies trying to cut costs, and pass the savings on to\n consumers. 3) Better provision of services (through faster\n rollout of infrastructure, for example, and through\n innovative solutions for delivering services to customers\n who are not connected to an existing network). It is\n important that policymakers make the right decisions when\n deciding how to restructure infrastructure. First, they\n should review the evidence on the impact various types of\n reform have had. The authors provide an overview of the\n evidence from - and lessons learned in - Latin America, one\n of the first regions to undertake wholesale reform of its\n infrastructure service provides. Among their conclusions: a)\n the reform of utility, and infrastructure industries is\n vital to economic growth. b) Apparently well-founded, but\n wrong decisions can damage growth prospects. C) Reform\n should combine changes in industry structure, ownership, and\n (through effective regulation) behavior. To minimize the\n risk of misconduct by infrastructure companies, the\n government should introduce: i) As much competition as\n possible (after evaluating all tradeoffs). ii) Rules to\n limit (or eliminate) vertical, and horizontal ownership,\n which makes it difficult to regulate company behavior. iii)\n Rules to ensure that regulators get all the information they\n need, and that it is timely, consistent, and accurate.
Light microscopy and cell structure (1998)

Volume 1 Culture and biochemical analysis of cells: cell culture and analysis metabolic labelling and protein modification subcellular fractionation protein identification and analysis protein expression and interaction antibodies as tools in cell biology. Volume 2 Light microscopy and cell structure: observation of live cells and cellular dynamics preparation of macromolecules and introduction into cells light and epifluorescence microscopy confocal and multiphoton microscopy and deconvolution. Volume 3 Subcellular localization of genes and their products: visualization of organelles, proteins and gene expression in situ hybridization electron microscopy.
The Effect of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Heparin in the Prevention of Postsurgical Adhesion Formation in the Rat Uterine Model (1999)

Concurrent preoperative and postoperative administration of medroxyprogesterone acetate results in the most significant reduction of postsurgical adhesions. The combination treatment of medroxyprogesterone acetate and heparin does not show any additional effect in the reduction of adhesion formation, when compared with medroxyprogesterone acetate treatment alone.
Stochastic neural direct adaptive control (2002)

A stochastic neural direct adaptive control algorithm for partially known state-space nonlinear time-varying plants is presented. A neural network is used to generate the control signal, which optimizes a quadratic (one-step-ahead prediction) performance index. In comparison to conventional stochastic state-space adaptive control, this neural control algorithm offers higher computation speed due to the parallel processing structure of the neural network. The algorithm is limited to known system matrices B(k) and C(k). For applications where B(k) and C(k) are unknown to the controller, an indirect neural adaptive control scheme may be used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The rate of hemolysis in sickle cell disease correlates with the quantity of active von Willebrand factor in the plasma (2011)

Vaso-occlusion, hemolysis, and oxidative stress are hallmarks of sickle cell disease (SCD). This pathology is accompanied by systemic endothelial activation, rendering the endothelium more adhesive for blood cells, including sickle erythrocytes. Activated endothelial cells display or secrete several adhesive molecules, including von Willebrand factor (VWF). We assessed several VWF parameters in SCD patients at baseline: multimer pattern, antigen concentration (VWF:Ag), activation factor (VWF:AF), and total active VWF (VWF:TA). VWF:AF was determined using a llama nanobody (AU/VWFa-11) that detects a platelet-binding conformation of the A1 domain; VWF:TA was calculated by multiplying VWF:Ag by VWF:AF. SCD plasma contained elevated VWF:Ag and ultralarge VWF multimers. VWF:TA, a measure of total VWF reactivity, correlated closely with hemolysis, as determined by serum lactate dehydrogenase. ADAMTS13 activity and antigen were normal in all patients. These findings suggest an important role for hyperreactive VWF in SCD pathology and connect SCD to other microangiopathies, particularly thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura.
Effects of Oxygen on Protein Carbonyl and Aging in Caenorhabditis elegans Mutants With Long (age-1) and Short (mev-1) Life Spans (1998)

Protein carbonyl accumulation is an indicator of oxidative damage during aging. The relationship between oxidative stress and protein carbonylation during aging was studied by using a long (age-1) and a short (mev-1) life span mutant of Caenorhabditis elegans. Protein carbonyl concentrations were similar in young adults of both mutants and wild type; however, the subsequent age-dependent accumulation was different with the genotype. The mev-1 mutant (with 50% superoxide dismutase activity) accumulated protein carbonyl at a faster rate than did wild type, whereas the age-1 mutant exhibited no obvious increase except a significant accumulation at the end of extended life span. Exposure to 70% oxygen between the ages of 4 and 11 days caused afar greater accumulation of carbonyl in mev-1 than in wild type, but not in age-1. In addition, rates of aging were enhanced by oxygen in a concentration-dependent fashion. The age-1 mutant was more resistant to, but mev-1 was more sensitive to, such oxygen enhancements of aging than was wild type. These results provide further evidence that oxidative damage is one of the major causal factors for aging in C. elegans, and that the age-1 and mev-1 genes govern resistance to oxidative stress.