gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Nonmechanical, Membrane-Based Liquid Pressurization System (2005)

Nonmechanical pumping of liquids is of key importance for applications ranging from biomedical lab-on-a-chip systems to morphing mechanical structures. In this paper, we report a new, reversible micropumping and pressurization system, with no moving parts, that uses only modest external power. This new “e-pump” operates via a type of electro-osmosis (EO) in which a charge imbalance is created electrochemically across a cation-selective membrane, cations migrate to balance the charge, and solvent is transported across the membrane, along with the mobile cation. No gas is produced in this electrokinetic pumping system, so only liquids are involved in pumping and pressurization. In this proof-of-concept study, an aprotic solvent (dimethylformamide) was chosen to select the specific cation that is migrating (tetrapropylammonium ion). To date, pressures up to 23 atm have been successfully demonstrated.
Hydrodynamic Aspects Of Boiling Heat Transfer (Thesis) (1959)

A study concerned with the determination of the limiting hydrodynamic conditions which characterize nucleate and transitional boiling was conducted. The critical heat flux and the minimum heat flux are derived from these hydrodynamic limits. Results of investigations of nucleate boilin g are discussed and the theory of bubble growth is extended to include the effect of non-uniform temperature fields. An equation is derived for the product bubble diameter times frequency of bubble emission, and data showing that the diameter of nucleating cavities can he related to the heat flux density and superheat difference are presented. (J.R.D.)
AlGaN/GaN double heterostructure channel modulationdoped field effect transistors (MODFETs) (1997)

AlGaN/GaN double heterostructure channel modulation doped field effect-transistors (DHCMODFETs) with a 1.5–1.75 µm gate length and a 3 µm channel length exhibiting record transconductances and saturation current levels have been demonstrated. The maximum normalised drain current and transconductance are ~1100 mA/mm and 270 mS/mm, respectively, at room temperature. Near pinch-off, the drain breakdown voltage is ~80 V. At an elevated temperature of 300°C, the maximum drain source current and extrinsic transconductance of the device are ~500 mA/mm and 120 mS/mm, respectively.
Comparison of chemical treatments on the chain dynamics and thermal stability of bovine pericardium collagen (2002)

A new approach for the replacement of heart valves consists of obtaining an acellular matrix from animal aortic valves that performs mechanically, is nonantigenic, and is free from calcification and fibroblast proliferation. Novel biochemical treatments must be developed for this purpose. In this work, we focus on the characterization of collagen in acellular bovine cardiovascular tissues, fresh or glutaraldehyde treated, and stored in different solutions [phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), ethanol, octanol, and glutaraldehyde], to determine whether the resulting fibrous material is structurally preserved. The preservation of the triple helical structure of collagen is checked by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), which is a well suited technique to analyze thermal transitions in proteins, such as denaturation. To get insight into the molecular dynamics of collagen in the nanometric range, we used thermally stimulated currents, a dielectric technique running at low frequency, that measure the dipolar reorientations in proteins submitted to a static electrical field. The combined use of these two techniques allowed us to evaluate the physical structure and conformation of collagen after the different chemical treatments. We have found that the glutaraldehyde treatment followed by octanol storage preserves the triple helical conformation of the polypeptidic chains of collagen, contrary to the ethanol and PBS storage that induce drastic changes in the thermal and dielectric behavior of the protein. Moreover, this particular chemical treatment stabilizes the collagen structure (shift toward high temperature of the collagen denaturation and stiffening of the chains by a cross-linking action) when compared to the control sample, and so could provide interesting fibrous material for the conception of bioprosthetic heart valve.
An antibody to the β-secretase cleavage site on amyloid-β-protein precursor inhibits amyloid-β production (2006)

Proteolytic cleavage of amyloid-beta-protein precursor (AbetaPP) by beta- and gamma-secretases results in production of the amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) that accumulates in the brains of sufferers of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We have developed a monoclonal antibody, 2B12, which binds in the vicinity of the beta-secretase cleavage site on AbetaPP but does not bind within the Abeta region. We hypothesised that this antibody, directed against the substrate rather than the enzyme, could inhibit cleavage of AbetaPP by beta-secretase via steric hindrance and thus reduce downstream production of Abeta. The antibody would enter cells by binding to AbetaPP when it is at the cell surface and then be internalised with the protein. We subsequently demonstrated that, after addition of 2B12 to standard growth media, this antibody was indeed capable of inhibiting Abeta40 production in neuroblastoma and astrocytoma cells expressing native AbetaPP, as measured by an ELISA. This inhibition was both concentration- and time-dependent and was specific to 2B12. We were only able to inhibit approximately 50% of Abeta40 production suggesting that not all AbetaPP is trafficked to the cell surface. We propose that this antibody could be used as a novel, putative therapy for the treatment of AD.
Characterization of very high frequency transducers with wire target and hydrophone (2004)

In this paper, the wire-target technique will be shown to be a useful alternative for beam profile measurements in very high frequency range (30–60 MHz). A 9 cm long tungsten wire with a diameter of 8 µm was used as the pulse-echo target to measure the lateral beam profiles at the focal points of two transducers, a spherically focused 40 MHz Panametrics transducer with an aperture size of 6.35 mm and a geometrical focal length of 12.7 mm and a lense-focused in-house lithium niobate (LiNbO3) 60 MHz transducer with an aperture size of 2 mm and a geometrical focal length around 6.5 mm. For comparison, measurements on the same transducers were performed by three small-aperture hydrophones. The first one is a polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) membrane hydrophone developed by Hewlett-Packard, which has a geometric diameter of 37 µm, a measured effective diameter of less than 100 µm and a –3 dB bandwidth of more than 150 MHz. The second one is a needle-type PVDF hydrophone from Precision Acoustics, which has a 9 µm-thick PVDF element, a 40 µm geometrical aperture and a measured effective diameter of less than 100 µm. The third one is a needle-type PVDF hydrophone from Onda, which has a 150 µm geometrical aperture and an effective diameter of about 180 µm. Experimental results show that the –6 dB two-way beam widths measured by this 8 µm wire-target are in agreement with –3 dB transmitted beam widths measured by small-aperture hydrophones. Compared to small-aperture hydrophones, the wire-target technique is simpler and more cost-effective. Its major advantage however is in the frequency range above 100 MHz in which commercial hydrophones are not yet available.
Toward Synthesis of Novel C-glycoprotein from Human RNase; Unexpected Stereochemistry of Epoxide Opening Reaction by Organolithium Reagents in the Presence of Lewis Acid (1998)

Abstract A nucleophilic attack reaction to 1,2-anhydro-β-D-manno-pyranose by indole derived organolithium reagents in the presence of BF3·OEt2 afforded isomers of C-aryl glycoside corresponds to the basic skeleton of C-linked mannosyl tryptophan, which is recently identified in human RNase.
VHL-box and SOCS-box domains determine binding specificity for Cul2-Rbx1 and Cul5-Rbx2 modules of ubiquitin ligases (2004)

The ECS (Elongin B/C-Cul2/Cul5-SOCS-box protein) complex is a member of a family of ubiquitin ligases that share a Cullin-Rbx module. SOCS-box proteins recruit substrates to the ECS complex and are linked to Cullin-Rbx via Elongin B/C. VHL has been implicated as a SOCS-box protein, but lacks a C-terminal sequence (downstream of the BC box) of the SOCS box. We now show that VHL specifically interacts with endogenous Cul2-Rbx1 in mammalian cells, whereas SOCS-box proteins associate with Cul5-Rbx2. We also identify LRR-1 and FEM1B as proteins that share a region of homology with VHL (the VHL box, including the BC box and downstream residues) and associate with Cul2-Rbx1. ECS complexes can thus be classified into two distinct protein assemblies, that is, those that contain a subunit with a VHL box (composed of the BC box and a downstream Cul2 box) that interacts with Cul2-Rbx1, and those that contain a subunit with a SOCS box (BC box and downstream Cul5 box) that interacts with Cul5-Rbx2. Domain-swapping analyses showed that the specificity of interaction of VHL-box and SOCS-box proteins with Cullin-Rbx modules is determined by the Cul2 and Cul5 boxes, respectively. Finally, RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Cul2-Rbx1 inhibited the VHL-mediated degradation of HIF-2alpha, whereas knockdown of Cul5-Rbx2 did not affect it. These data suggest that the functions of the Cul2-Rbx1 and Cul5-Rbx2 modules are distinct.
Dominance in Fishes: The Relation Between Environment and Abundance (1982)

Changes in abundance of dominant species of fish were positively correlated with environmental factors that improved survival, and abundance of the subordinate species was negatively correlated with the same factors. When dominance changed, the responses of both the dominant and subordinate species also changed. Implicit in this inverse relation is the conclusion that the abundance of the subordinate depends on the density of the dominant species, and this hierarchy must be recognized in the interpretation of the correlations. Changes in dominance not only explained why the response of a species changed from positive to negative, but also why different stocks did not respond in the same way to temperature. The findings support the thesis that climatic factors can affect the abundance of a species but do not govern its absolute population density. The results have important implications for fishery management.
Reduced Metallic Properties of Ligand-Stabilized Small Metal Clusters (2003)

Low-temperature ultrahigh-vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy was employed to analyze the electronic behavior of Au55 clusters stabilized by [P(C6H5)3]12Cl6 ligands. At 7 K, the actual arrangement of the C6H5 rings of the ligand molecules could be imaged. Spectroscopic data reveal discrete energy levels with an average spacing of 170 meV that can be attributed to the Au55 core. Additionally, characteristic charge-quantization phenomena were observed. Energy and charge quantization both support the view that the clusters consist of a metallic core extending slightly beyond the first close-packed shell of Au atoms.
Fluorescently labeled inhibitor for profiling cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (2007)

Cytoplasmic peptide:N-glycanase (PNGase) is an enzyme that removes N-glycans from misfolded glycoproteins. The function of cytoplasmic PNGase plays a significant role in the degradation of misfolded glycoproteins, which is critical for cell viability. Recently, we reported that haloacetoamidyl derivatives of high-mannose-type oligosaccharides selectively modify the catalytic cysteine of cytoplasmic PNGase and serve as its specific inhibitor. Interestingly, a drastically simplified chloroacetamidyl chitobiose derivative [(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc] was also reactive to PNGase. In our work, it was conjugated to a hydrophobic fluorophore in order to render (GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc cells permeable. We demonstrated that this compound [BODIPY-(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc] specifically binds to cytoplasmic PNGase from budding yeast (Png1). To date, only Z-VAD-fmk is known as an inhibitor of PNGase. BODIPY-(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc and Z-VAD-fmk share the same binding site on Png1, while BODIPY-(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc has markedly stronger inhibitory activity. The functional analysis of PNGase using Z-VAD-fmk should be carefully interpreted because of its intrinsic property as a caspase inhibitor. In sharp contrast, chloroacetamidyl chitobiose was not reactive to caspase. In addition, BODIPY-(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc did not bind either chitobiose-binding lectins or PNGase from other sources. Moreover, fluorescent microscopy clearly showed that BODIPY-(GlcNAc)(2)-ClAc was efficiently introduced into cells. These results suggest that this compound could be an in vivo inhibitor of cytoplasmic PNGase.
Enabling Geometry-Based 3-D Tele-Immersion With Fast Mesh Compression and Linear Rateless Coding (2014)

3-D tele-immersion (3DTI) enables participants in remote locations to share, in real time, an activity. It offers users interactive and immersive experiences, but it challenges current media-streaming solutions. Work in the past has mainly focused on the efficient delivery of image-based 3-D videos and on realistic rendering and reconstruction of geometry-based 3-D objects. The contribution of this paper is a real-time streaming component for 3DTI with dynamic reconstructed geometry. This component includes both a novel fast compression method and a rateless packet protection scheme specifically designed towards the requirements imposed by real time transmission of live-reconstructed mesh geometry. Tests on a large dataset show an encoding speed-up up to ten times at comparable compression ratio and quality, when compared with the high-end MPEG-4 SC3DMC mesh encoders. The implemented rateless code ensures complete packet loss protection of the triangle mesh object and a delivery delay within interactive bounds. Contrary to most linear fountain codes, the designed codec enables real-time progressive decoding allowing partial decoding each time a packet is received. This approach is compared with transmission over TCP in packet loss rates and latencies, typical in managed WAN and MAN networks, and heavily outperforms it in terms of end-to-end delay. The streaming component has been integrated into a larger 3DTI environment that includes state of the art 3-D reconstruction and rendering modules. This resulted in a prototype that can capture, compress transmit, and render triangle mesh geometry in real-time in realistic internet conditions as shown in experiments. Compared with alternative methods, lower interactive end-to-end delay and frame rates over three times higher are achieved.
A monolithic CMOS microhotplate-based gas sensor system (2002)

A monolithic CMOS microhotplate-based conductance-type gas sensor system is described. A bulk micromachining technique is used to create suspended microhotplate structures that serve as sensing film platforms. The thermal properties of the microhotplates include a 1-ms thermal time constant and a 10/spl deg/C/mW thermal efficiency. The polysilicon used for the microhotplate heater exhibits a temperature coefficient of resistance of 1.067/spl times/10/sup -3///spl deg/C. Tin(IV) oxide and titanium(IV) oxide (SnO/sub 2/,TiO/sub 2/) sensing films are grown over postpatterned gold sensing electrodes on the microhotplate using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD). An array of microhotplate gas sensors with different sensing film properties is fabricated by using a different temperature for each microhotplate during the LPCVD film growth process. Interface circuits are designed and implemented monolithically with the array of microhotplate gas sensors. Bipolar transistors are found to be a good choice for the heater drivers, and MOSFET switches are suitable for addressing the sensing films. An on-chip operational amplifier improves the signal-to-noise ratio and produces a robust output signal. Isothermal responses demonstrate the ability of the sensors to detect different gas molecules over a wide range of concentrations including detection below 100 nanomoles/mole.
Features of the influence of nanodispersed additions on the process of and properties of the Fe-Co-Cu-Sn sintered alloy (2008)

Features of the influence of Al2O3, ZrO2, WC, and Si3N4 nanoparticles on the process of obtainment, mechanical, and tribological properties of the 74%Fe-15%Co-9%Cu-1%Sn alloy obtained by powder metallurgy methods are investigated. Mixing nanoparticles with alloy powder was performed in a centrifugal planetary mill. It is shown that the nanoparticles uniformly distributed over the charge complicate the processes of compaction during cold pressing and sintering. The alloy (dispersion strengthened by nanoparticles), which was obtained by the technology of hot pressing, is characterized by high mechanical and tribological properties. Wear resistance increases by a factor of four, hardness is increased by 10–16 HRB, and the bending breaking point is increased by 54%.
Three-Dimensional Surface in LTCC for a MM-Wave Antenna (2011)

Low loss LTCC (Low Temperature Cofired Ceramics) materials have already demonstrated their virtues for high density packaging of mm-wave modules and their capability to handle the inherent requirements of heat dissipation. A 60 GHz substrate integrated waveguide fed steerable antenna array is one example of the driving applications for new challenges in the LTCC process. This antenna is suitable for transmit and receive in the 60 GHz WPAN frequency band [1]. Integrating antenna array and mm-wave front-end in one module is a consequent way to avoid amplitude and phase uncertainties associated with connectors and cables. A compact module also helps to reduce losses in the signal path by providing short interconnects. This is important for mm-Wave systems, particularly for the receiver. The antenna design presented here requires a three-dimensional surface structure with features like small and precise cavities and grooves. Different methods to fabricate cavities in LTCC modules will be discussed and a new method which proved suitable for the demanding application will be presented in detail.
The Anti-Social Fermat Number (2000)

(2000). The Anti-Social Fermat Number. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 171-173.
Polarisation-insensitive clamped-gain SOA with integratedspot-size convertor and DBR gratings for WDM applications at 1.55 µm wavelength (1996)

Clamped-gain SOA modules for 1.55 µm wavelength including DBR-gratings, tensile strained bulk material and mode size adaptors have been realised. Thanks to the stabilised gain over a large optical power range, amplification and routing of WDM signals at 16 × 10 Gbit/s has been achieved.
Effect of Amlodipine on Morbidity and Mortality in Severe Chronic Heart Failure (1996)

Amlodipine did not increase cardiovascular morbidity or mortality in patients with severe heart failure. The possibility that amlodipine prolongs survival in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy requires further study.
Automatic Detection for MTI Processed Radar Signals (2011)

In this thesis, methods for automatic detection for radar systems are investigated. The objective is to indicate the presence of targets in the midst of noise and clutter. One of the most efficent methods for doing this is to exploit the Doppler shift in reflections from moving targets. This is called Moving Target Indication (MTI), and it is used in many radar applications today. However, such functionality is not typical for radars employing a magnetron oscillator. The magnetron oscillator is widely used in civil marine radars, and MTI processing is of interest for such radars as well. In addition to MTI processing, automatic detection may be applied in order to make decisions on target presence. This may be achieved by employing Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) detection and pulse integration. The challenges with automatic detection are prediction of the clutter power, and handling of non-homogeneous environments. Ideally, clutter components will be removed by the MTI process, leaving receiver noise and reflection from targets at the output. However, this is not necessarily the case when applied to a magnetron radar. A particular automatic detector employing Ordered Statistics (OS) CFAR and binary pulse integration is investigated. This is a robust detector that may operate in the presence of multiple targets and non-Gaussian clutter. The binary integrator contributes in reducing the false alarm rate, such that acceptable performance may be achieved. In order to find suitable parameters for the detector, analysis of an MTI processed radar signal containing reflection from waves at sea and a small boat is carried out. Also, the performance of the detector has been measured in terms of false alarm probability, and target detection. Analysis shows that Weibull or K-distribution are suitable models for the sea clutter, and that the MTI signal exhibits spatial correlation between clutter samples. The correlation is concluded to be the reason for degradation in performance, as detection on clutter appears as targets. Also, optimum parameters for the detector is found, and it is shown that increasing the number of reference samples increases the number of target detections.
High-temperature superconductivity (1987)

The critical temperature, Tc, for all presently known superconductors does not exceed 21'K. This fact obviously limits the range of applications of superconductivity in technology in a very fundamental way. On the whole, the reason why the value of Tc for “ordinary” superconductors would not exceed 20-40oK is fairly well understood. At the same time, there apparently could exist high temperature superconductors for which Tc would reach liquid air temperature or even room temperatures. Possible means of producing high temperature superconductors are considered in this article which is based on the review published in Contemporary Physics, 9, 355 (1968), but includes also some new material. Special attention is paid to what can be called the exciton mechanism of superconductivity and its application to systems of the “sandwich” type and metallic conductors with layer structures.
High‐Performance Green OLEDs Using Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence with a Power Efficiency of over 100 lm W<sup>−1</sup> (2016)

A green organic light-emitting device (OLED) with an extremely high power efficiency of over 100 lm W(-1) is realized through energy transfer from an exciplex. An optimized OLED showed a maximum external efficiency of 25.7%, and a power efficiency of 79.4 lm W(-1) at 1000 cd m(-2) , which is 1.6-times higher than that of state-of-the-art green thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLEDs.