gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CARDIOVASCULAR CONSEQUENCES OF OBESITY: ROLE OF LEPTIN (1998)

1. Several mechanisms have been implicated in the association between obesity and hypertension, including salt-sensitivity, insulin resistance and sympathetic activation. Obese animals and humans exhibit exaggerated blood pressure responses to increases in salt intake. 2. Although insulin resistance is common in obesity, it is clear that abnormal insulin action is not the sole or sufficient cause of hypertension in obesity. Obesity is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Sympathetic blockade has been reported to attenuate sodium retention and hypertension in experimental models of obesity. 3. The mediators responsible for salt sensitivity, insulin resistance and sympathetic activation in obesity remain unclear. 4. The novel protein hormone leptin is produced almost exclusively by adipose tissue and acts in the central nervous system through a specific receptor and multiple neuropeptide pathways to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. 5. Increasing evidence suggests that leptin may have wider actions influencing autonomic, cardiovascular, renal and endocrine function. We have shown that leptin increases sympathetic nerve activity to kidney, hindlimb and adrenal gland, in addition to brown adipose tissue. 6. Despite this sympathoexcitatory action, acute systemic administration of leptin does not acutely increase arterial pressure or heart rate in anaesthetized animals. This may reflect opposing antihypertensive actions of leptin. For example, leptin increases renal sodium and water excretion, apparently through a direct tubular action. In addition, leptin increases systemic insulin sensitivity, even in the absence of weight loss. 7. In conclusion, leptin may act as a mediator linking body adiposity with changes in insulin action, sympathetic neural outflow and renal sodium excretion. Alterations in leptin generation or action may, in part, underlie the sympathetic, endocrine and renal consequences of obesity.
Adenovirus Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer into Stem Cells (2006)

Stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), are defined by their capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation. Efficient gene transfer into stem cells is essential for the basic research in developmental biology and for therapeutic applications in gene-modified regenerative medicine. Adenovirus (Ad) vectors, based on Ad type 5, can efficiently and transiently introduce the exogenous gene into many cell types via the primary receptor, coxsackievirus, and adenovirus receptor (CAR). However, some kinds of stem cells, such as MSCs and HSCs, cannot be efficiently transduced with conventional Ad vectors based on Ad serotype 5 (Ad5), because of the lack of CAR expression. To overcome this problem, fiber-modified Ad vectors and an Ad vector based on another serotype of Ad have been developed. Here, we review the advances in the development of Ad vectors suitable for stem cells and discuss their application in basic biology and clinical medicine.
10-MHz single photon counting at 1.3 μm (1984)

We have demonstrated single photon detection (for λ=1.3 μm) at a counting rate of 10 MHz. This is the highest photon counting rate ever achieved. We find that the quantum efficiency η is a weak function of the dark count rate of rd, namely, η∝(rd)0.2. These results are encouraging for possible quantum limited lightwave receiver applications.
Effect of Mopidamol on Survival in Carcinoma of the Lung and Colon: Final Report of Veterans Administration Cooperative Study No. 188 (1988)

Mopidamol (RA-233), a derivative of dipyridamole, is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that has been shown previously to limit progression of malignancy in certain experimental animal models and in a pilot study in humans. RA-233 plus chemotherapy was compared with chemotherapy alone in a 5-year double-blind trial involving 719 patients with advanced carcinomas of the lung and of the colon. RA-233 treatment was associated with a statistically significant prolongation of survival in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (N-SCLC) limited to one hemithorax and with reduction in mean plasma fibrogen concentration. RA-233 was not toxic. The favorable effects on survival could not be explained by any factor other than the RA-233 treatment. In other tumor categories tested, no differences in survival were observed. These results suggest that RA-233 is useful in the treatment of N-SCLC of limited extent. They also suggest that therapeutic intervention aimed at modified intracellular pathways might constitute a novel investigative approach to the treatment of cancer.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLENOID DEFORMITY IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS (2006)

Background: In osteoarthritis of the shoulder, the tilt of the glenoid surface undergoes an eccentric deformation not only in the anteroposterior but also in the superoinferior direction. The goals of this study were to analyze glenoid version in the coronal plane and to clarify the relationship between retroversion and inferior inclination of the glenoid. Methods: Standardized radiographs of 100 consecutive patients with primary osteoarthritis of the shoulder and 100 otherwise healthy patients with shoulder pain (the control group) were included in this study and were analyzed by two independent observers. Results: We defined four different types of inclination deformity of the glenoid. In a type-0 glenoid, a line at the base of the coracoid process and a line at the glenoid rim run parallel. Both lines intersect below the inferior glenoid rim in a type-1 glenoid. In a type-2 glenoid, the line at the base of the coracoid process and the glenoid line intersect between the inferior glenoid rim and the center of the glenoid. In a type-3 glenoid, the lines intersect above the base of the coracoid process. A significant difference (p < 0.0001) in the distribution of glenoid types between the two patient groups was observed. Forty-seven patients with osteoarthritis showed combined posterior and inferior glenoid wear. We found no correlation between the type of inclination and the type of glenoid morphology. The interobserver reliability of our observations was very high. Conclusions: In osteoarthritis, eccentric inferior glenoid wear is frequent and independent from retroversion deformity of the glenoid. Normalization of glenoid version in both transverse and coronal planes may reduce eccentric loading of the prosthetic glenoid, which has been associated with loosening. Clinical Relevance: This radiographic classification system can facilitate the decision-making process to normalize glenoid inclination during glenoid replacement.
ChemInform Abstract: δ16‐20‐Keto Steroids by C2‐Elongation from δ16‐17‐ Substituted Steroids. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new approach to current density impedance imaging (2005)

Current density impedance imaging (CDII) is a new impedance imaging technique that utilizes current density vector measurements made using magnetic resonance imager (MRI). CDII provides a simple mathematical expression for the gradient of the logarithm of conductivity, nablaln(sigma), at each point in a region where two current density vector has been measured. From the images of the gradient of the logarithm of conductivity, ln(sigma) can be reconstructed through integration and of sigma by a priori knowledge of the conductivity at a single point in the object. The CDII technique was tested on a conductivity phantom made from tissue mimicking gel. The results showed accurate reconstruction of the gel conductivity from two current density measurements. This study, for the first time, has demonstrated a local reconstruction technique to calculate sample conductivity inside the phantom noninvasively.
Coordinated three-dimensional motion of the head and torso by dynamic neural networks (1998)

The problem of trajectory tracking control of a three dimensional (3D) model of the human upper torso and head is considered. The torso and the head are modeled as two rigid bodies connected at one point, and the Newton-Euler method is used to derive the nonlinear differential equations that govern the motion of the system. The two-link system is driven by six pairs of muscle like actuators that possess physiologically inspired alpha like and gamma like inputs, and spindle like and Golgi tendon organ like outputs. These outputs are utilized as reflex feedback for stability and stiffness control, in a long loop feedback for the purpose of estimating the state of the system (somesthesis), and as part of the input to the controller. Ideal delays of different duration are included in the feedforward and feedback paths of the system to emulate such delays encountered in physiological systems. Dynamical neural networks are trained to learn effective control of the desired maneuvers of the system. The feasibility of the controller is demonstrated by computer simulation of the successful execution of the desired maneuvers. This work demonstrates the capabilities of neural circuits in controlling highly nonlinear systems with multidelays in their feedforward and feedback paths. The ultimate long range goal of this research is toward understanding the working of the central nervous system in controlling movement. It is an interdisciplinary effort relying on mechanics, biomechanics, neuroscience, system theory, physiology and anatomy, and its short range relevance to rehabilitation must be noted.
Optically driven learning control for industrial manipulators (1989)

Dynamic interactions between the robot manipulator and its environment introduce control complications, and unmodeled dynamics and flexibilities in the manipulator itself introduce additional uncertainties. An optically based learning controller that can utilize past experience and sensory information about the current state to overcome these difficulties is presented. An inexpensive, single-function optical sensor uses a light-emitting diode and eight detectors to provide information on the distance normal to the surface of a workpiece. The method is implemented on a GE-P50 robot and can be used to track the unknown surface of the workpiece.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extracellular matrix and left ventricular mechanics in overload hypertrophy. (2002)

In all conditions altering wall stress and mechanical stretching, LV performance becomes insufficient at the distance, due to a number of structural and functional alterations ultimately impairing pump function, but not invariably due to reduced inotropic state. Among them, structural alteration of the normal myocardial architectures might play a key role to explain the early events of cardiac dysfunction. Abnormalities of the collagen scaffold facilitate alteration of the physiological orientation of muscular fibers and consequent impaired transmission of the contraction force through the myocardial wall toward the endocardium. Further adaptations are promoted by neurohormonal activation eventually yielding abnormal gene expression of contractile proteins. In the alterations of normal myocardial architecture, the turnover of ECM and the architecture of the scaffold is possibly as important as the organization of the cardiomyocyte layers which contributes with their normal orientation to the developed strength at the chamber level.
Identification of Non-Precious Metal Alloy Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Acetylene (2008)

The removal of trace acetylene from ethylene is performed industrially by palladium hydrogenation catalysts (often modified with silver) that avoid the hydrogenation of ethylene to ethane. In an effort to identify catalysts based on less expensive and more available metals, density functional calculations were performed that identified relations in heats of adsorption of hydrocarbon molecules and fragments on metal surfaces. This analysis not only verified the facility of known catalysts but identified nickel-zinc alloys as alternatives. Experimental studies demonstrated that these alloys dispersed on an oxide support were selective for acetylene hydrogenation at low pressures.
Second-Generation Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: The Future of Frontline CML Therapy (2011)

All available data from ongoing studies of second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for treatment of patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) were reviewed. In two nilotinib phase 2 trials, the speed and depth of molecular and cytogenetic responses were greater than responses to imatinib. Furthermore, only one patient in each study progressed to accelerated or blastic phase. In the phase 3 ENESTnd study, molecular and cytogenetic responses to nilotinib were superior to imatinib, and more patients achieved undetectable levels of disease with nilotinib. Nilotinib also demonstrated significantly lower progression than did imatinib. In the ongoing phase 2 study of dasatinib, the speed and depth of molecular and cytogenetic responses were higher compared with expected responses to imatinib; no patient to date has progressed. In the phase 3 DASISION study, molecular and cytogenetic responses to dasatinib were superior to those of imatinib and fewer patients progressed. The results suggest that second-generation TKIs have the potential to replace imatinib as the standard of care for patients with early CML-CP. Future CML therapy might include earlier use of these agents to help more patients achieve complete molecular response and may be a path to a CML cure.
Histone demethylase KDM5A is an integral part of the core Notch–RBP-J repressor complex (2010)

Timely acquisition of cell fates and the elaborate control of growth in numerous organs depend on Notch signaling. Upon ligand binding, the core transcription factor RBP-J activates transcription of Notch target genes. In the absence of signaling, RBP-J switches off target gene expression, assuring the tight spatiotemporal control of the response by a mechanism incompletely understood. Here we show that the histone demethylase KDM5A is an integral, conserved component of Notch/RBP-J gene silencing. Methylation of histone H3 Lys 4 is dynamically erased and re-established at RBP-J sites upon inhibition and reactivation of Notch signaling. KDM5A interacts physically with RBP-J; this interaction is conserved in Drosophila and is crucial for Notch-induced growth and tumorigenesis responses.
Microporosity and connections between pores in SBA-15 mesostructured silicas as a function of the temperature of synthesis (2002)

Imaging of the platinum replica of the porous structure and low-pressure argon adsorption allowed us to elucidate the complicated porous structure of SBA-15. These techniques enabled us to draw a coherent picture of the evolution of the SBA-15 precursor mesophase as a function of the synthesis temperature. TEM of the platinum replicas has been unable to show bridges between the structural mesopores of SBA-15 synthesized at low temperature, whereas mesoporous bridges are clearly observed for samples formed at higher temperature. Argon adsorption has evidenced the ultramicroporosity of the materials formed at low temperature, as well as its evolution to secondary porosity with diameters greater than 1.5 nm under more severe hydrothermal treatment.
Industrial and Commercial Geography (1926)

Bibliography. General references: p. ix-xi. General references for pt. II: p. [672] References appended to many of the chapters.
Neuroprotection by inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases in a mouse model of intracerebral haemorrhage (2005)

Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is an acute neurological disorder without effective treatment. Mechanisms of acute brain injury after ICH remain to be clarified. Although a few studies suggested a detrimental role for the gelatinase matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in ICH, the relationship between MMP-9 activity and acute brain injury after ICH is not determined. In this study, we first examined the expression of gelatinases in vivo using a collagenase-induced mouse model of ICH. Gel zymography revealed that MMP-9 was activated and upregulated after ICH. In situ zymography showed that gelatinase activity was mostly co-localized with neurons and endothelial cells of the blood vessel matrix. Inhibition with a broad-spectrum metalloproteinase inhibitor GM6001 (100 mg/kg) ameliorated dysregulated gelatinase activity, neutrophil infiltration, production of oxidative stress, brain oedema and degenerating neurons. Functional improvement and a decrease in injury volume were also observed. We provide evidence that MMP-9 may play a deleterious role in acute brain injury within the first 3 days after ICH. Blockade of MMP activity during this critical period may have efficacy as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute brain injury after ICH.
Triangles triply in perspective (1900)

The first part of the present paper reproduces an article contributed by me to the July issue of Mathesis , 1900, entitled “Sur les triangles trihomologiques”; the second part contains fresh developments.
Empiric antibiotic therapy in acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections and fluoroquinolone resistance: a prospective observational study (2009)

Empirical use of FQ in uUTI should be discouraged because of increased antimicrobial resistance rates.
Ceramic Membranes for Filtration Applications — Preparation and Characterization (2004)

Abstract This article gives an overview about the preparation and characterization of asymmetric ceramic membranes that have been developed at our institute within the last years. Depending on the required pore size of the filter active layer for filtration applications ranging from microfiltration (MF) up to nanofiltration (NF) different preparation routes have to be applied.
Heterologous expression of the bchM gene product from Rhodobacter capsulatus and demonstration that it encodes S-adenosyl-L-methionine:Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (1994)

The bacteriochlorophyll biosynthesis gene, bchM, from Rhodobacter capsulatus was previously believed to code for a polypeptide involved in formation of the cyclopentone ring of protochlorophyllide from Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. In this study, R. capsulatus bchM was expressed in Escherichia coli and the gene product was subsequently demonstrated by enzymatic analysis to catalyze methylation of Mg-protoporphyrin IX to form Mg-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester. Activity required the substrates Mg-protoporphyrin IX and S-adenosyl-L-methionine. 14C-labeled product was formed in incubations containing 14C-methyl-labeled S-adenosyl-L-methionine. On the basis of these and previous results, we also conclude that the bchH gene, which was previously reported to code for Mg-protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase, is most likely involved in the Mg chelation step.
Molecular cloning and transformation of cyclodiene resistance in Drosophila: an invertebrate gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A receptor locus. (1991)

Cyclodiene resistance represents 60% of the reported cases of insecticide resistance and is also present in vertebrates. Resistance is due to insensitivity of the cyclodiene/picrotoxinin binding site on the gamma-aminobutyric acid subtype A (GABAA) receptor-chloride ionophore complex. Following isolation of cyclodiene-resistant Drosophila mutants, we report the cloning of the locus conferring resistance via a "chromosomal walk" and rescue of the susceptible phenotype by P-element-mediated germ-line transformation. Amino acid sequence analysis of a cDNA from the locus reveals homology with vertebrate GABAA subunits. To our knowledge, this represents the first cloning of an invertebrate GABA receptor and also allows us to manipulate the resistance status of an insect via germ-line transformation. This gene may be useful as a selectable marker in other insect systems.
Hydride vapor phase GaN films with reduced density of residual electrons and deep traps (2014)

Electrical properties and deep electron and hole traps spectra are compared for undoped n-GaN films grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) in the regular process (standard HVPE samples) and in HVPE process optimized for decreasing the concentration of residual donor impurities (improved HVPE samples). It is shown that the residual donor density can be reduced by optimization from ∼1017 cm−3 to (2–5) × 1014 cm−3. The density of deep hole traps and deep electron traps decreases with decreased donor density, so that the concentration of deep hole traps in the improved samples is reduced to ∼5 × 1013 cm−3 versus 2.9 × 1016 cm−3 in the standard samples, with a similar decrease in the electron traps concentration.
Nucleotide sequence of the transposable DNA-element IS2 (1979)

The complete sequence of the transposable DNA element IS2 in gal OP-308:: IS2 (I) has been determined. This element is 1.327 bp long. The integrated element is flanked by a five base pair long sequence duplication. The termini of IS2 are not perfect inverted repeats, but a close approximation.
A Single-Photon Avalanche Camera for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy and Correlation Spectroscopy (2014)

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is commonly used to observe molecules of biological relevance in their native environment, the live cell, and study their spatial distribution and interactions nondestructively. CLSM can be easily extended to measure the lifetime of the excited state, the concentration and the diffusion properties of fluorescently labeled molecules, using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), respectively, in order to provide information about the local environment and the kinetics of molecular interaction in live cells. However, these parameters cannot be measured simultaneously using conventional CLSM due to damaging effects that are associated with strong illumination, including phototoxicity, photobleaching, and saturation of the fluorescence signal. To overcome these limitations, we have developed a new camera consisting of 1024 single-photon avalanche diodes that is optimized for multifocal microscopy, FLIM and FCS. We show proof-of-principle measurements of fluorescence intensity distribution and lifetime of the enhanced green fluorescent protein expressed in live cells and measurement of quantum dot diffusion in solution by FCS using the same detector.
Android based Chat-Bot (2016)

Today the users face a lot of problem regarding booking of the hotels in any android application because in most of the cases the user gets result more than what he expected or he gets results which are not according to his convenience .This paper focuses on automating the process of communication by use of chat-bot and it also focuses on providing customized results to the user which makes the process of hotel booking convenient and user friendly for him. An extensive research done on existing systems gave us an insight into their shortcomings which this system attempts to overcome by creating a chat-bot using Artificial Intelligence Markup Language and using various algorithms such as Keyword Matching , String Similarity , Spell Checker and Natural language parser. The implementation of this system has resulted in better resource utilization and increased responsiveness of user behavior. This system has been implemented to integrate with any Hotel Management Android Application to ease the process of hotel booking.