gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxylapatite binds more serum proteins, purified integrins, and osteoblast precursor cells than titanium or steel (2001)

The implant material hydroxylapatite (HA) has been shown in numerous studies to be highly biocompatible and to osseointegrate well with existing bone; however, the molecular mechanisms at work behind this osseointegration remain largely unexplored. One possibility is that the implant, exposed to the patient's blood during surgery, adsorbs known cell adhesive proteins such as fibronectin and vitronectin from the serum. Osteoblast precursors could then adhere to these proteins through integrin-mediated mechanisms. In the present study, we have used a quantitative ELISA assay to test the hypothesis that hydroxylapatite will adsorb more fibronectin and vitronectin from serum than two commonly used hard-tissue materials, commercially pure titanium, and 316L stainless steel. We further used the ELISA, as well as a standard cell adhesion assay, to test the hypothesis that increased protein adsorption will lead to better binding of purified integrins alpha5beta1 and alpha(v)beta3 and osteoblast precursor cells to the HA than to the metals. Our results show that fibronectin, vitronectin, alpha5beta1, alpha(v)beta3, and osteoblast precursor cells do indeed bind better to HA than to the metals, suggesting that improved integrin-mediated cell binding may be one of the mechanisms leading to better clinical bone integration with HA-coated implants.
A Fiberoptic-based System for Integrating Photosynthetically Active Radiation in Plant Canopies (2004)

This report describes a system for integrating photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) using fiberoptics. Many photoelectric sensors or 1-m-long line sensors that integrate individual interception points for spatial averaging were replaced with fiberoptics, which integrate interception points. Depending on the positioning of optical fibers and the amount of fibers terminated at a PAR sensor, whole-plant, canopy layer, and individual leaf light interception can be determined. The use of fiberoptics has the added advantage of being very small in comparison to the bulk of a typical quantum sensor. The fiberoptic-based system potentially is a more accurate, less expensive method to integrate PAR throughout plant canopies than PAR sensors.
Position paper of The American Academy of Periodontology: periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases. (1998)

This paper on periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases was prepared by the Research, Science and Therapy Committee of The American Academy of Periodontology. It is intended to provide information regarding the role of periodontal disease in systemic diseases, including bacteremia, infective endocarditis, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, prosthetic device infection, diabetes mellitus, respiratory diseases, and adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Selective Small Molecule Stat3 Inhibitor Reduces Breast Cancer Tumor-Initiating Cells and Improves Recurrence Free Survival in a Human-Xenograft Model (2012)

Metastasis and disease relapse are hypothesized to result from tumor initiating cells (TICs). Previously, we have defined a CD44+/CD24-/low mammosphere-forming tumorigenic 493-gene signature in breast cancer. Stat3 was identified as a critical node in self-renewal based on an ongoing lentiviral shRNA screen being conducted in two breast cancer cell lines SUM159 and BT549. In corroborating work, targeting the SH2 domain of Stat3 with a novel small molecule decreased the percentage of cells expressing TIC markers (CD44+/CD24-/low and ALDH+) and mammosphere formation in p-Stat3 overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts in SCID-beige mice. Importantly, we observed a four-fold improvement in the 30-day recurrence-free survival relative to docetaxel alone with the addition of the Stat3 inhibitor in the chemoresistant tumor model. Thus, these findings provide a strong impetus for the development of selective Stat3 inhibitors in order to improve survival in patients with p-Stat3 overexpressing tumors.
Crystal and molecular structure of silver sulphadiazine (N 1-pyrimidin-2-ylsulphanilamide) (1975)

The X-ray crystal structure analysis of the 1 : 1 title complex is reported. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/c, with a= 6.172(5), b= 9.605(8), c= 20.33(2)Å, β= 96.60(8)°, and Z= 4. The structure has been solved from visually estimated data by the heavy-atom method, and refined by least-squares to R 10.2% for 1 865 non-zero observed reflections. Each silver atom is co-ordinated to three sulphadiazine molecules by a distorted tetrahedral configuration of three nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, with Ag–N 2.24, 2.24, and 2.44, and Ag–O 2.52 Å. The molecules are also linked by sheets of NH ⋯ OS hydrogen bonds as in related sulphonamide structures.
Patterns of substrate affinity, competition, and degradation kinetics underlie biological activity of thalidomide analogs (2019)

Pharmacologic agents that modulate ubiquitin ligase activity to induce protein degradation are a major new class of therapeutic agents, active in a number of hematologic malignancies. However, we currently have a limited understanding of the determinants of activity of these agents and how resistance develops. We developed and used a novel quantitative, targeted mass spectrometry (MS) assay to determine the relative activities, kinetics, and cell-type specificity of thalidomide and 4 analogs, all but 1 of which are in clinical use or clinical trials for hematologic malignancies. Thalidomide analogs bind the CRL4<sup>CRBN</sup> ubiquitin ligase and induce degradation of particular proteins, but each of the molecules studied has distinct patterns of substrate specificity that likely underlie the clinical activity and toxicities of each drug. Our results demonstrate that the activity of molecules that induce protein degradation depends on the strength of ligase-substrate interaction in the presence of drug, the levels of the ubiquitin ligase, and the expression level of competing substrates. These findings highlight a novel mechanism of resistance to this class of drugs mediated by competition between substrates for access to a limiting pool of the ubiquitin ligase. We demonstrate that increased expression of a nonessential substrate can lead to decreased degradation of other substrates that are critical for antineoplastic activity of the drug, resulting in drug resistance. These studies provide general rules that govern drug-dependent substrate degradation and key differences between thalidomide analog activity in vitro and in vivo.
<title>Application of a neural network model to sensor data fusion</title> (1990)

This paper describes the application of a neural network model the Kohonen Feature Map to tactical and sensor data fusion. The problems presented by data fusion are reviewed with illustrations taken from the modern naval environment. The tasks of target and task identification for both automated surveillance and support tasks for naval operatives are highlighted as potential application domains for neural network based systems. The Kohonen Feature Map model is reviewed its limitations for practical applications examined and a discussion of how to overcome these problems is provided. Two alternative modular network architectures which use the Kohonen Feature Map as the basic unit are then described and their application to data fusion contrasted. 1.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in dogs. Effects of phasic afferents and chemostimulation. (1991)

We examined the hypothesis that respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is primarily a central phenomenon and thus that RSA is directly correlated with respiratory controller output. RSA was measured in nine anesthetized dogs, first during spontaneous breathing (SB) and then during constant flow ventilation (CFV), a technique whereby phasic chest wall movements and thoracic pressure swings are eliminated. Measurements of the heart rate and of the moving time averaged (MTA) phrenic neurogram during these two ventilatory modes were made during progressive hypercapnia and progressive hypoxia. RSA divided by the MTA phrenic amplitude (RSAa) showed a power-law relationship with both arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2) and oxygen saturation (SaO2), but with different exponents for different conditions. However, the power-law relation between RSAa and respiratory frequency had an exponent indistinguishable from -2 whether hypoxia or hypercapnia was the stimulus for increased respiratory drive, and during both CFV and spontaneous breathing (-1.9 +/- 0.4, hypoxia, SB; -1.8 +/- 0.7, hypoxia, CFV; -2.1 +/- 0.8, hypercapnia, SB; -1.9 +/- 0.7, hypercapnia, CFV). We conclude that respiratory sinus arrhythmia is centrally mediated and directly related to respiratory drive, and that changes in blood gases and phasic afferent signals affect RSA primarily by influencing respiratory drive.
How Safe Is Safe Enough? Radiation Risk for a Human Mission to Mars (2013)

Astronauts on a mission to Mars would be exposed for up to 3 years to galactic cosmic rays (GCR)--made up of high-energy protons and high charge (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) nuclei. GCR exposure rate increases about three times as spacecraft venture out of Earth orbit into deep space where protection of the Earth's magnetosphere and solid body are lost. NASA's radiation standard limits astronaut exposures to a 3% risk of exposure induced death (REID) at the upper 95% confidence interval (CI) of the risk estimate. Fatal cancer risk has been considered the dominant risk for GCR, however recent epidemiological analysis of radiation risks for circulatory diseases allow for predictions of REID for circulatory diseases to be included with cancer risk predictions for space missions. Using NASA's models of risks and uncertainties, we predicted that central estimates for radiation induced mortality and morbidity could exceed 5% and 10% with upper 95% CI near 10% and 20%, respectively for a Mars mission. Additional risks to the central nervous system (CNS) and qualitative differences in the biological effects of GCR compared to terrestrial radiation may significantly increase these estimates, and will require new knowledge to evaluate.
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (nclf), a new disorder of the mouse linked to chromosome 9 (1998)

The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs) comprise a set of at least 6 distinct human and an unknown number of animal diseases characterized by storage of proteolipids in lysosomes of many cell types. By unknown mechanisms, this accumulation leads to or is associated with severe neuronal and retinal degeneration. The genes for 3 human NCLs, infantile, late infantile, and juvenile, have been cloned. The first murine form of NCL, the motor neuron degeneration (mnd) mouse, has been described and mapped to proximal Chromosome 8. Here we describe a second genetic variant of NCL in the mouse, neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis, nclf. These mice exhibited a phenotype that was almost exactly the same as that observed in mnd/mnd mice. Homozygous nclf mice developed progressive retinal atrophy early in life and become paralyzed at around 9 months of age. They accumulated luxol fast blue staining material in cytoplasm of neurons and many other cell types. Ultrastructurally, affected lysosomes had a "finger print pattern" with membranous material arranged in "pentalaminar" patterns. Affected mice developed severe cerebral gliosis in late stages of their disease. They also had severe Wallerian degeneration of long tracts in spinal cord and brain stem, lesions that accounted for the distinctive upper motor neuron signs displayed by both nclf/nclf and mnd/mnd mice. By crossing nclf/nclf mice with CAST/Ei mice, linkage analysis of nclf with respect to SSLP markers was performed, showing that nclf is located on Chromosome 9 between D9Mit164 and D9Mit165, in a region that is homologous with human Ch 15q21, where the gene for one variant of late infantile NCL, CLN6, recently has been mapped. The genes for two proteolipids known to be stored in lysosomes of animals and people with NCL were also mapped in this study and found not to map to the mnd or nclf loci nor to any mouse locus homologous to any known human NCL disease locus.
Modeling of CO<sub>2</sub> Stripping in a Hollow Fiber Membrane Contactor for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2013)

Membrane stripping is a promising method for carbon dioxide (CO2) desorption with low energy demand. We developed a mathematical model to simulate the CO2 stripping from the CO2-rich monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent in a hollow fiber membrane contactor. The modeling results agreed well with literature experimental results. To improve the understanding and facilitate the optimization of the membrane based CO2 stripping process, we investigated the effects of different operating variables including liquid flow velocity, sweeping gas flow rate, regeneration pressure, and temperature on CO2 desorption performance. The effects of membrane’s length and diameter of membrane fiber on CO2 desorption were also studied. Results showed that increasing membrane’s length will improve CO2 stripping performance, but not infinitely, because of the thermodynamic limitation of absorbent, and shorter membrane module is preferred for thinner membrane. Membranes with a smaller diameter favor CO2 desorption. To predict the influence of membrane wetting on CO2 stripping performance, the change of CO2 lean loading with the wetting ratio was investigated. Membrane wetting significantly deteriorates CO2 membrane desorption performance, with CO2 lean loading increasing suddenly once the membrane is wetted.
A new family of genetic algorithms for wavelength interval selection in multivariate analytical spectroscopy (2003)

Abstract A new procedure is presented for wavelength interval selection with a genetic algorithm in order to improve the predictive ability of partial least squares multivariate calibration. It involves separately labelling each of the selected sensor ranges with an appropriate inclusion ranking. The new approach intends to alleviate overfitting without the need of preparing an independent monitoring sample set. A theoretical example is worked out in order to compare the performance of the new approach with previous implementations of genetic algorithms. Two experimental data sets are also studied: target parameters are the concentration of glucuronic acid in complex mixtures studied by Fourier transform mid‐infrared spectroscopy and the octane number in gasolines monitored by near‐infrared spectroscopy. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer Recognition of Handwritten Numerals by Polygonal Approximations (1975)

The outlines of handwritten numerals are approximated by polygons using a method previously developed by Pavlidis and Horowitz [10]. This enables a simple evaluation of many intuitively descriptive features for numerals, for example, relative position and type of concave arcs. The method was tested on the Munson data (IEEE Data Base 1.2.2), and an overall error rate of 9.4 percent was achieved without any statistical optimization. A characteristic property of this approach is the existence of two steps: the first step (primitive feature generation) is primarily numerical, and the second step (feature selection and classification) makes extensive use of semantics.
Analysis and correction of defects within parts fabricated using powder bed fusion technology (2015)

Quality assurance is an important topic for additive manufacturing (AM) and often seen as a requirement for the transition and adoption of the technology toward fabrication of end use applications. As AM technologies are used for production, it is necessary to ensure high quality, repeatable, and reproducible components are manufactured. Various nondestructive examination techniques have been used to evaluate AM-fabricated parts to determine part quality post-fabrication (e.g. scanning and/or microstructural characterization). In situ monitoring methods have been developed for AM technologies to enable defect detection and have potential to be used for in situ monitoring and correction of fabrication anomalies (e.g. undesired temperature gradients and porosity). In this research, defects (e.g. pores) were seeded into parts fabricated using the powder bed fusion AM process, electron beam melting, and monitored using in situ infrared (IR) thermography. Results from layerwise thermography were compared with results obtained using computer tomography (CT) scanning techniques. Although the measured geometry of the seeded defects between IR thermography and CT was substantially different (area difference of ~60%), the thermographs did provide a good indication of defects present within a fabricated part. Furthermore, defect correction methods were evaluated including post-processing methods such as hot isostatic pressing as well as in situ correction methods such as layer re-melting. Re-melting a porous layer successfully corrected defects and demonstrates a potential method for in situ defect correction if implemented in future systems equipped with automatic feedback control of powder bed fusion processes.
Focused ion beam metrology (1995)

The measurement of resist image size using a finely focused ion beam (FIB) is described. Comparisons of FIB and scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements of resist features are presented. The short penetration range of an ion relative to an electron is shown to offer fundamental advantages for critical dimension metrology. Ion beams can induce less dimensional change (damage) than SEMs during the measurement process, potentially yielding improved measurement precision. Resist cross sectioning using FIB is demonstrated, and the factors contributing to quality of the cross section are presented. An H2O gas assisted etching process for polymer resists has been developed and is shown to significantly improve the quality of resist cross sections.
Rapid healing of peptic ulcers in patients receiving fresh cabbage juice. (1949)

Thirteen patients with peptic ulcer were treated with fresh cabbage juice, which, experiments have indicated, contains an antipeptic ulcer factor. This factor (vitamin U) prevents the development of histamin-induced peptic ulcers in guinea pigs. The average crater healing time for seven of these patients who had duodenal ulcer was only 10.4 days, while the average time as reported in the literature, in 62 patients treated by standard therapy, was 37 days. The average crater healing time for six patients with gastric ulcer treated with cabbage juice was only 7.3 days, compared with 42 days, as reported in the literature, for six patients treated by standard therapy. The rapid healing of peptic ulcers observed radiologically and gastroscopically in 13 patients treated with fresh cabbage juice indicates that the anti-peptic ulcer dietary factor may play an important role in the genesis of peptic ulcer in man.
An Investigation of Interpolation Techniques to Generate 2D Intensity Image From LIDAR Data (2017)

Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) has become a part and parcel of ongoing research in autonomous vehicles. LIDAR efficiently captures data during day and night alike; yet, data accuracy is affected in altered weather conditions. LIDAR data fusion with sensors, such as color camera, hyperspectral camera, and RADAR, proves to be a viable solution to improve the quality of data and add spectral information. LIDAR 3-D point cloud containing intensity data are transformed to 2-D intensity images for the said purpose. LIDAR produces large point cloud, but, while generating images for limited field of view, data sparsity results in poor quality images. Moreover, 3-D to 2-D data transformation also involves data reduction, which further deteriorates the quality of images. This paper focuses on generating intensity images from LIDAR data using interpolation techniques, including bi-linear, natural neighbor, bi-cubic, kriging, inverse distance, and weighted and nearest neighbor interpolation. The main focus is to test the suitability of interpolation methods for 2-D image generation, and analyze the quality of the generated 2-D image. Image similarity metrics, such as root mean square error, normalized least square error, peak signal-to-noise ratio, correlation, difference entropy, mutual information, and structural similarity index measurement, are utilized for camera and LIDAR image matching, and their ability to compare images from heterogeneous sensors is also analyzed. Generated images can further be used for data fusion purpose. Images generated using LIDAR points have a relevant distance matrix as well, which can be used to find the distance of any given pixel from the image. In addiiton, the accuracy of interpolated distance data is evaluated as well by comparing it with the original distance values of traffic cones placed in front of vehicle. Results show that the inverse distance weighted interpolation outperforms other selected methods in 2-D image quality, and images from nearest neighbor appear brighter subjectively.
Expression of two isoforms of the third sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>ATPase (SERCA3) in platelets. Possible recognition of the SERCA3b isoform by the PL/IM430 monoclonal antibody<sup>1</sup> (1998)

Human platelets express several sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) isoenzymes: SERCA2b of 100 kDa apparent molecular mass and two distinct enzymes of 97 kDa, one of them identified as being the SERCA3a isoform. The molecular identity of the third enzyme specifically recognized by the PL/IM430 monoclonal antibody has remained elusive. First, the study of the 3'-end part of platelet SERCA3 mRNA, by means of RT-PCR amplification using sets of primers covering the N-3 to N (ultimate) exons of the human SERCA3 sequence, revealed the presence of two distinct mRNA sequences, SERCA3a and a longer variant. Second, this additional sequence was identified as SERCA3b and found to refer to the insertion of a new exon of 73 bp, located at bp 349 from the beginning of the intronic sequence, linking the penultimate (N-1) exon to the last exon (N) of the human SERCA3 gene. Third, a relationship between the expression of this SERCA3b mRNA and the PL/ IM430 recognizable SERCA protein was observed. SERCA3b mRNA was found to be absent in epithelial HeLa cells not recognized by the PL/IM430 antibody and the expression of this SERCA3b RNA species correlated with that of the SERCA protein recognized by PL/IM430 which was down-modulated in the platelet precursor megakaryocytic CHRF 288-11 cell line as well as upon in vitro lymphocyte activation. Taken together, these results strongly support the notion of the presence of the SERCA3b protein in human cells by showing SERCA3b mRNA in platelets and the fact that the protein corresponding to this mRNA species is very likely the 97 kDa protein recognized by the PL/IM430 antibody.
Long noncoding RNA-mediated intrachromosomal interactions promote imprinting at the <i>Kcnq1</i> locus (2014)

Kcnq1ot1 is a long noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA; lncRNA) that participates in the regulation of genes within the Kcnq1 imprinting domain. Using a novel RNA-guided chromatin conformation capture method, we demonstrate that the 5' region of Kcnq1ot1 RNA orchestrates a long-range intrachromosomal loop between KvDMR1 and the Kcnq1 promoter that is required for maintenance of imprinting. PRC2 (polycomb repressive complex 2), which participates in the allelic repression of Kcnq1, is also recruited by Kcnq1ot1 RNA via EZH2. Targeted suppression of Kcnq1ot1 lncRNA prevents the creation of this long-range intrachromosomal loop and causes loss of Kcnq1 imprinting. These observations delineate a novel mechanism by which an lncRNA directly builds an intrachromosomal interaction complex to establish allele-specific transcriptional gene silencing over a large chromosomal domain.
Prefabricated cold-shrink splice system for MV power cables (1996)

The article describes a compact cold-shrink splicing system for medium voltage power distribution cables, the individual elements making up the system and the technical advantages it provides.