gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Self-Invertible Matrix on Cipher Hexagraphic Polyfunction (2019)

A cryptography system was developed previously based on Cipher Polygraphic Polyfunction transformations, C i × j ( t ) ≡ A i × i t P i × j m o d N where C i × j , P i × j , A i × i are cipher text, plain text, and encryption key, respectively. Whereas, ( t ) is the number of transformations of plain text to cipher text. In this system, the parameters ( A i × i , ( t ) ) are kept in secret by a sender of messages. The security of this system, including its combination with the second order linear recurrence Lucas sequence (LUC) and the Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir and Leonard Adleman (RSA) method, until now is being upgraded by some researchers. The studies found that there is some type of self-invertible A 4 × 4 should be not chosen before transforming a plain text to cipher text in order to enhance the security of Cipher Tetragraphic Trifunction. This paper also seeks to obtain some patterns of self-invertible keys A 6 × 6 and subsequently examine their effect on the system of Cipher Hexagraphic Polyfunction transformation. For that purpose, we need to find some solutions L 3 × 3 for L 3 × 3 2 ≡ A 3 × 3 mod N when A 3 × 3 are diagonal and symmetric matrices and subsequently implement the key L 3 × 3 to get the pattern of A 6 × 6 .
Microfluidic PDMS (Polydimethylsiloxane) Bioreactor for Large-Scale Culture of Hepatocytes (2004)

Microfluidics could provide suitable environments for cell culture because of the larger surface-to-volume ratio and fluidic behavior similar to the environments in vivo. Such microfluidic environments are now used to investigate cell-to-cell interactions and behaviors in vitro, emulating situations observed in vivo, for example, microscale blood vessels modeled by microfluidic channels. These emulated situations cannot be realized by conventional technologies. In our previous works, microfluidic channels composed of two PDMS (poly(dimethylsiloxane)) layers were successfully used for Hep G2 cell culture. To achieve physiologically meaningful functions in vitro, a culture with a larger number of cells and higher density must be performed. This will require bioreactors with larger surface areas for cell attachment and sufficient amounts of oxygen and nutrition supply. For those purposes, we fabricated a bioreactor by stacking 10 PDMS layers together, i.e., four cell culture chambers, and a chamber dedicated to the oxygen supply inserted in the middle of the 10-stacked layers. The oxygen supply chamber is separated from the microfluidic channels for the culture medium perfusion by thin 300-microm PDMS walls. The high gas permeability of PDMS allows oxygen supply to the microfluidic channels through the thin walls. On the basis of the measurement of glucose consumption and albumin production, it is shown that cellular activity exhibits a gradual increase and saturation throughout the culture. We clearly observed that in the case of the microfluidic bioreactor for large-scale cultures, the oxygen chamber is indispensable to achieve longer and healthy cultures. In the present bioreactor, the cell density was found to be about 3-4 x 10(7) cells/cm(3), which is in the same order of magnitude as the conventional macroscale bioreactors. Consequently, by stacking single culture chambers and oxygen chambers in between, we could have a scalable method to realize the microfluidic bioreactor for large-scale cultures.
Structural Property Effect of Nanoparticle Agglomerates on Particle Penetration through Fibrous Filter (2009)

Most filtration studies have been conducted with spherical particles; however, many aerosol particles are agglomerates of small primary spheres. Filtration efficiency tests were conducted with silver NP agglomerates, with the agglomerate structure controlled by altering the temperature of a sintering furnace. The mobility diameter and mass of the silver NP agglomerates were measured using a differential mobility analyzer together with an aerosol particle mass analyzer. From these measurements, it was found that the fractal-like dimension, D fm, varied from 2.07 to 2.95 as the sintering temperatures was increased from ambient to 600°C. The agglomerates were essentially fully coalesced at 600°C allowing direct comparison of the filtration behavior of the agglomerate to that of a sphere with the same mobility diameter. Other agglomerate properties measured include the primary diameter, the agglomerate length and aspect ratio, and the dynamic shape factor.
Contribution of Organofluorine Compounds to Pharmaceuticals (2020)

Inspired by the success of fluorinated corticosteroids in the 1950s and fluoroquinolones in the 1980s, fluorine-containing pharmaceuticals, which are also known as fluoro-pharmaceuticals, have been attracting attention for more than half of a century. Presently, about 20% of the commercial pharmaceuticals are fluoro-pharmaceuticals. In this mini-review, we analyze the prevalence of fluoro-pharmaceuticals in the market and categorize them into several groups based on the chemotype of the fluoro-functional groups, their therapeutic purpose, and the presence of heterocycles and/or chirality to highlight the structural motifs, patterns, and promising trends in fluorine-based drug design. Our database contains 340 fluoro-pharmaceuticals, from the first fluoro-pharmaceutical, Florinef, to the latest fluoro-pharmaceuticals registered in 2019 and drugs that have been withdrawn. The names and chemical structures of all the 340 fluorinated drugs discussed are provided in the Supporting Information.
Locality and Network-Aware Reduce Task Scheduling for Data-Intensive Applications (2014)

MapReduce is one of the leading programming frameworks to implement data-intensive applications by splitting the map and reduce tasks to distributed servers. Although there has been substantial amount of work on map task scheduling and optimization in the literature, the work on reduce task scheduling is very limited. Effective scheduling of the reduce tasks to the resources becomes especially important for the performance of data-intensive applications where large amounts of data are moved between the map and reduce tasks. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm (LoNARS) for reduce task scheduling, which takes both data locality and network traffic into consideration. Data locality awareness aims to schedule the reduce tasks closer to the map tasks to decrease the delay in data access as well as the amount of traffic pushed to the network. Network traffic awareness intends to distribute the traffic over the whole network and minimize the hotspots to reduce the effect of network congestion in data transfers. We have integrated LoNARS into Hadoop-1.2.1. Using our LoNARS algorithm, we achieved up to 15% gain in data shuffling time and up to 3-4% improvement in total job completion time compared to the other reduce task scheduling algorithms. Moreover, we reduced the amount of traffc on network switches by 15% which helps to save energy consumption considerably.
Quantitative Methods for Literature Reviews (1984)

A revolution in the science of emotion has emerged in recent decades, with the potential to create a paradigm shift in decision theories. The research reveals that emotions constitute potent, pervasive, predictable, sometimes harmful and sometimes ...Read More
Nonlocality Distillation and Postquantum Theories with Trivial Communication Complexity (2009)

We first present a protocol for deterministically distilling nonlocality, building upon a recent result of Forster et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 120401 (2009)10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.120401]. Our protocol, which is optimal for two-copy distillation, works efficiently for a specific class of postquantum nonlocal boxes, which we term correlated nonlocal boxes. In the asymptotic limit, all correlated nonlocal boxes are distilled to the maximally nonlocal box of Popescu and Rohrlich. Then, taking advantage of a result of Brassard et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 250401 (2006)10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.250401] we show that all correlated nonlocal boxes make communication complexity trivial, and therefore appear very unlikely to exist in nature. Astonishingly, some of these nonlocal boxes are arbitrarily close to the set of classical correlations. This result therefore gives new insight to the problem of why quantum nonlocality is limited.
Synthesis and characterization of hyperbranched poly(ethyl methacrylate) by quasi‐living radical polymerization of photofunctional inimer (2002)

Abstract The hyperbranched poly(ethyl methacrylate)s (PEMAs) were prepared by the quasi‐living radical polymerization of 2‐( N,N ‐diethylaminodithiocarbamoyl)ethyl methacrylate (DTCM). DTCM monomer plays an important role in this polymerization system as an inimer that is capable of initiating quasi‐living radical polymerization of the vinyl group. Hyperbranched PEMAs with relatively narrow polydispersity ( M w / M n ≈ 1.6) were obtained. The compact nature of the hyperbranched PEMAs is demonstrated by solution properties which are different from those of the linear analogues. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
New Synthesis of Substituted Cyclopentanes via Reactions of γ-Chloro-carbanions with Electron-deficient Alkenes (2004)

Carbanions of 3-chloropropyl pentachlorophenylsulfone, although they undergo fast cyclization to the corresponding cyclopropyl sulfone, can be trapped with electrondeficient alkenes to produce carbanionic adducts that enter intramolecular substitution to form substituted cyclopentanes.
Spatial‐temporal patterns of seismic tremors in northern Cascadia (2006)

We study in detail the two consecutive episodic tremor‐and‐slip (ETS) events that occurred in the northern Cascadia subduction zone during 2003 and 2004. For both sequences, the newly developed Source‐Scanning Algorithm (SSA) is applied to seismic waveform data from a dense regional seismograph array to determine the precise locations and origin times of seismic tremors. In map view, the majority of the tremors occurred in a limited band bounded approximately by the surface projections of the 30‐km and 50‐km depth contours of the plate interface. The horizontal migration of tremor occurrence is from southeast to northwest with an average speed of 5 km/d. In cross section, tremors in both sequences span a depth range of over 40 km across the interface, with the majority occurring in the overriding continental crust. In particular, 50–55% of them are located within 2.5 km from the strong seismic reflector bands above the plate interface. The lack of vertical migration implies that a slow diffusion process in the vertical direction cannot be responsible for tremor occurrences. The source spectra of tremors clearly lack high‐frequency content (>5 Hz) relative to local earthquakes. We propose two possible models to explain the relationship between slip and tremors. The first one regards ETS tremors as the manifestation of hydroseismogenic processes in response to the temporal strain variation associated with the episodic slip along the lower portion of the plate interface downdip from the locked zone. In the second model, tremors and slip are associated with the same process along the same structure in a distributed deformation zone across the plate interface. Neither model can be dismissed conclusively at this stage.
Easy Writing of Nanopatterns on a Polymer Film Using Electrostatic Nanolithography (2006)

Writing high and low! Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to fabricate nanolines and nanopits (see Figure) on a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) film deposited on a Si(100) substrate. The kinetics and growth of the nanopattern from the polymer film are investigated by electrostatic nanolithography by using different applied voltages, duration of patterning, and speed of the AFM tip.
Intelligent hybrid video retrieval system supporting spatio-temporal correlation, similarity retrieval (2003)

We suggest the intelligent hybrid video retrieval system (IHVRS) which provides content-based querying integrating feature-based queries, annotation-based queries, and similarity retrieval. It supports the approximate query results by using query reformulation in the case that the result of the query does not exist. The IHVRS divides a set of video into video documents, sequences, scenes and objects, and suggests the three layered hybrid object-oriented metadata model (THOMM) to model metadata. The THOMM is composed of a raw-data layer for the physical video stream, a metadata layer to support the annotation-based retrieval, feature-based retrieval, and similarity retrieval and a semantic layer to reform the query. Based on this model, we suggest a video query language which makes annotation-based queries and feature-based queries based on color, spatial, temporal and spatio-temporal correlation and similar queries possible and an intelligent video query processor (IVQP) to process the query. For the case of similarity queries on a given scene or object, we present the formula expressing degree of similarity based on color, spatial, and temporal order. If there is no query result, then it carries out the query reformulation process which finds the possible attributes to relax the query and automatically reforms the query by using the knowledge from the semantic layer. The suggested system is implemented by using Visual C++, ActiveX and ORACLE. The IHVRS can automatically input features of an object, color and spatial location, without image processing.
BENEFICIAL EFFECTS OF CYCLOSPORINE ON POSTISCHEMIC LIVER INJURY IN RATS (1992)

The discovery of cyclosporine has had a significant impact on preventing the rejection of transplanted organs in humans. In this study, we present another positive aspect of cyclosporine. Rats were pretreated with cyclosporine (10 mg/kg, i.v.), or untreated. After 2-hr ischemia or 1 hr of reperfusion following 2-hr ischemia, livers were isolated and liver adenine nucleotide concentrations were determined. Liver mitochondria were prepared and their function was estimated polarographically. Leakage of AST, ALT, LDH, and adenine nucleotides into the hepatic vein just after reperfusion was also measured. Cyclosporine treatment did not affect ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, nor did it prevent the associated decrease in adenosine triphosphate concentration. However, treatment with cyclosporine accelerated the recovery of mitochondrial function and of tissue adenosine triphosphate concentrations. Cyclosporine treatment also mitigated leakage of AST, ALT, LDH, and adenine nucleotides after reperfusion. These results indicate that cyclosporine shows a potent protective effect on ischemia-reperfusion-related liver injury.
Isolation and characterization of six human hepatic isometallothioneins (1985)

Human hepatic metallothionein (MT) was separated into six isoforms by using reversed-phase h.p.l.c. at the analytical and preparative levels. By comparison with the h.p.l.c. elution profiles of the charge-separable species MT-1 and MT-2 isolated by the procedure of Bühler & Kägi [(1974) FEBS Lett. 39, 229-234], five of these isoproteins are identified as hitherto unresolved subforms of MT-1, and one is identical with MT-2. The six isoforms have distinct and reproducible retention times at neutral pH, where the metal remains bound to the protein, and at low pH, where the metal is removed. Their amino acid compositions display the high cysteine content and the lack of aromatic amino acids and of histidine typical of mammalian metallothioneins, but they differ significantly with respect to all other amino acids. A survey of autopsy material indicates that in adult human liver all six isoforms are usually expressed, albeit in somewhat variable relative proportions.
Influence of hydrogen patterning gas on electric and magnetic properties of perpendicular magnetic tunnel junctions (2014)

To identify the degradation mechanism in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) using hydrogen, the properties of the MTJs were measured by applying an additional hydrogen etch process and a hydrogen plasma process to the patterned MTJs. In these studies, an additional 50 s hydrogen etch process caused the magnetoresistance (MR) to decrease from 103% to 14.7% and the resistance (R) to increase from 6.5 kΩ to 39 kΩ. Moreover, an additional 500 s hydrogen plasma process decreased the MR from 103% to 74% and increased R from 6.5 kΩ to 13.9 kΩ. These results show that MTJs can be damaged by the hydrogen plasma process as well as by the hydrogen etch process, as the atomic bonds in MgO may break and react with the exposed hydrogen gas. Compounds such as MgO hydrate very easily. We also calculated the damaged layer width (DLW) of the patterned MTJs after the hydrogen etching and plasma processes, to evaluate the downscaling limitations of spin-transfer-torque magnetic random-access memory (STT-MRAM) devices. With these calculations, the maximum DLWs at each side of the MTJ, generated by the etching and plasma processes, were 23.8 nm and 12.8 nm, respectively. This result validates that the hydrogen-based MTJ patterning processes cannot be used exclusively in STT-MRAMs beyond 20 nm.
Mitochondrial Redox Signaling and Tumor Progression (2016)

Cancer cell can reprogram their energy production by switching mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. However, mitochondria play multiple roles in cancer cells, including redox regulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, and apoptotic signaling. Moreover, these mitochondrial roles are integrated via multiple interconnected metabolic and redox sensitive pathways. Interestingly, mitochondrial redox proteins biphasically regulate tumor progression depending on cellular ROS levels. Low level of ROS functions as signaling messengers promoting cancer cell proliferation and cancer invasion. However, anti-cancer drug-initiated stress signaling could induce excessive ROS, which is detrimental to cancer cells. Mitochondrial redox proteins could scavenger basal ROS and function as "tumor suppressors" or prevent excessive ROS to act as "tumor promoter". Paradoxically, excessive ROS often also induce DNA mutations and/or promotes tumor metastasis at various stages of cancer progression. Targeting redox-sensitive pathways and transcriptional factors in the appropriate context offers great promise for cancer prevention and therapy. However, the therapeutics should be cancer-type and stage-dependent.
Biocomposite of nanostructured MnO2 and fique fibers for efficient dye degradation (2013)

We report on the in situ synthesis of nanostructured MnO2 onto natural fique fibers. The fiber surface was rendered positive by exposure to alkaline conditions, and permanganate anions (MnO4−) were embedded onto the resultant alkali cellulose via coulombic interactions. An ultrasound-assisted procedure was used to reduce MnO4− and yield MnO2 nanoparticles (NPs). UV-Vis diffuse reflectance was used to assess the influence of the precursor concentration, loading and reduction times on the synthesis of the nanostructured MnO2. FESEM provided direct evidence that MnO2 NPs and aggregates could be formed on the fiber's surface. The catalytic activity of the new bionanocomposite was tested for the removal of indigo carmine dye in water samples. The MnO2–fique fiber bionanocomposite was able to remove up to 98% of the colour present in the contaminated water samples in less than 5 minutes. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the degradation route of the dye. Additionally, we found that the bionanocomposite can be reused with no effect on the dye degradation efficiency. The reported procedure provides a new route for the development of biodegradable and easy to synthesize composite materials capable of efficiently degrading pollutants found in industrial effluents.
Toward a psychophysically-based light reflection model for image synthesis (2000)

In this paper we introduce a new light reflection model for image synthesis based on experimental studies of surface gloss perception. To develop the model, we've conducted two experiments that explore the relationships between the physical parameters used to describe the reflectance properties of glossy surfaces and the perceptual dimensions of glossy appearance. In the first experiment we use multidimensional scaling techniques to reveal the dimensionality of gloss perception for simulated painted surfaces. In the second experiment we use magnitude estimation methods to place metrics on these dimensions that relate changes in apparent gloss to variations in surface reflectance properties. We use the results of these experiments to rewrite the parameters of a physically-based light reflection model in perceptual terms. The result is a new psychophysically-based light reflection model where the dimensions of the model are perceptually meaningful, and variations along the dimensions are perceptually uniform. We demonstrate that the model can facilitate describing surface gloss in graphics rendering applications. This work represents a new methodology for developing light reflection models for image synthesis.
Eliminating false positives in crosstalk noise analysis (2005)

Noise affects circuit operation by varying circuit delays and causing latches to capture incorrect values. Conventional noise analysis techniques can detect some of such noise faults, but accurate analysis requires a careful examination of timing and functional properties of the circuit. In this paper, a method of characterizing correlation of signal transitions in nets by considering in a unified way both timing and functionality of the signals is proposed. An analysis procedure to eliminate noise faults that cannot actually happen when such correlations are considered is described. The timed-Boolean logic is used to characterize signal transitions in a time interval, and correlations are checked by solving Boolean satisfiability (SAT) between aggressor and victim transitions under the min-max delay model for gates. The method is applicable for checking noise faults at a single net, on a path, or in a cone of logic. The proposed technique is scalable as it keeps the size of Boolean formulation linear to the size of the modeled circuit. It has been applied on a set of large circuits, eliminating up to 50% of noise delay faults reported by a conventional noise-analysis method.
Secure Key Management in the Cloud (2013)

We consider applications involving a number of servers in the cloud that go through a sequence of online periods where the servers communicate, separated by offline periods where the servers are idle. During the offline periods, we assume that the servers need to securely store sensitive information such as cryptographic keys. Applications like this include many cases where secure multiparty computation is outsourced to the cloud, and in particular a number of online auctions and benchmark computations with confidential inputs. We consider fully autonomous servers that switch between online and offline periods without communicating with anyone from outside the cloud, and semi-autonomous servers that need a limited kind of assistance from outside the cloud when doing the transition. We study the levels of security one can – and cannot – obtain in this model, propose light-weight protocols achieving maximal security, and report on their practical performance.