gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chronic kidney disease alters vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype (2015)

Vascular access dysfunction associated with arteriovenous grafts and fistulas contributes to the morbidity and mortality of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving hemodialysis. We hypothesized that the uremic conditions associated with CKD promote a pathophysiological vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotype that contributes to neointimal hyperplasia. We analyzed the effect of culturing human VSMC with uremic serum. Expression of VSMC contractile marker genes was reduced 50-80% in cells exposed to uremic serum and the decreased expression was accompanied by changes in histone marks. There was an increase in proliferation in cells exposed to uremic conditions, with no change in the levels of apoptosis. Interestingly, we found that uremic serum inhibited PDGF-induced migration of VSMC. Histomorphometric analysis revealed venous neointimal hyperplasia in veins from chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients prior to any surgical manipulation as compared to veins from patients with no kidney disease. We conclude that uremia associated with CKD alters VSMC phenotype in vitro and contributes to neointimal hyperplasia formation in vivo contributing to the pathogenesis of vascular access dysfunction in CKD patients.
Fabrication of Shatter-Proof Metal Hollow-Core Optical Fibers for Endoscopic Mid-Infrared Laser Applications (2018)

A method for fabricating robust and thin hollow-core optical fibers that carry mid-infrared light is proposed for use in endoscopic laser applications. The fiber is made of stainless steel tubing, eliminating the risk of scattering small glass fragments inside the body if the fiber breaks. To reduce the inner surface roughness of the tubing, a polymer base layer is formed prior to depositing silver and optical-polymer layers that confine light inside the hollow core. The surface roughness is greatly decreased by re-coating thin polymer base layers. Because of this smooth base layer surface, a uniform optical-polymer film can be formed around the core. As a result, clear interference peaks are observed in both the visible and mid-infrared regions. Transmission losses were also low for the carbon dioxide laser used for medical treatments as well as the visible laser diode used for an aiming beam. Measurements of bending losses for these lasers demonstrate the feasibility of the designed fiber for endoscopic applications.
Effectiveness and Safety of Hypertonic Saline Inhalation Combined With Exercise Training in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Randomized Trial (2009)

The improvement in 6-min walk distance was greater with normal saline than with hypertonic saline. Hypertonic saline was associated with adverse effects. It is unclear whether the only predictor of improved functional exercise capacity was exercise training. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00639236.).
Polymerization and telomerization reaction of olefins with a tertiary amine‐coordinated lithiumalkyl catalyst (1965)

Abstract Tertiary amine‐chelated alkyllithium compounds were investigated as catalyst systems for the reactions of olefinic hydrocarbons. Ethylene is polymerized in paraffinic hydrocarbon solution to a high‐melting, low molecular weight polyethylene wax having terminal olefinic unsaturation. A chain‐transfer reaction is interpreted in terms of an olefin displacement reaction. Other olefins with available allylic hydrogen are metallized in this position. The C 4 olefins in conjunction with ethylene were found to undergo a telomerization reaction, involving the olefin as telogen and ethylene as taxogen. The structure and the mechanism of formation of these telomeric olefins are discussed.
Simulation for vehicle comfort system based on CAN bus (2010)

On the basis of researched on CAN bus and vehicle network, an entire design model of vehicle network was submited in this paper. The function of each node was determined based on the analysis of network protocol. A new simulation tool CANoe was used on off-line simulation and semi-physical simulation of these nodes. This development approach could make the development of car network system more convient and efficient.
OMICS: Current and future perspectives in reproductive medicine and technology (2014)

Many couples present fertility problems at their reproductive age, and although in the last years, the efficiency of assisted reproduction techniques has increased, these are still far from being 100% effective. A key issue in this field is the proper assessment of germ cells, embryos and endometrium quality, in order to determine the actual likelihood to succeed. Currently available analysis is mainly based on morphological features of oocytes, sperm and embryos and although these strategies have improved the results, there is an urgent need of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. The emergence of the - OMICS technologies (epigenomics, genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics) permitted the improvement on the knowledge in this field, by providing with a huge amount of information regarding the biological processes involved in reproductive success, thereby getting a broader view of complex biological systems with a relatively low cost and effort.
A two-dimensional analytical model for thin film fully depleted surrounding gate (SGT) MOSFET (2002)

In the present paper an analytical two-dimensional model has been developed for threshold voltage, I-V characteristics and drain conductance of thin film fully depleted short channel surrounding gate MOSFET using Laplace reduction technique. The proposed model incorporates the effect of source/drain resistance, field dependent mobility, velocity saturation and DIBL effect. The results obtained are verified with simulated data.
A Kinetic Analysis of the Ground Leg During Sprint Running (1980)

Abstract Fifteen highly skilled sprinters were filmed while running at maximum velocity. The results were digitized and computer processed with interest focused on the muscle moments generated about the hip, knee, and ankle of the ground leg. Muscle activity about the hip consisted of extensor (concentric) dominance from foot descent, through foot strike, and into mid-support. Muscle dominance shifted to the hip flexors (eccentric) during mid-support and continued through takeoff. Muscle dominance at the knee demonstrated a pattern of flexor (eccentric, then concentric) dominance from foot descent through foot strike and into mid-support. Knee extensors (eccentric, then concentric) then achieved dominance through takeoff. During the later stages of takeoff, the dominance decreased or reversed briefly to flexor (eccentric) activity prior to a period of minimal activity following the toe-off position. From a period of minimal activity prior and subsequent to ground contact, the plantar flexors (eccentric, then concentric) of the foot were dominant throughout the ground phase. Qualitatively, the unexpected knee flexor dominance during foot strike was generated to limit the braking action created during this portion of ground contact. The unanticipated hip flexor dominance during takeoff served to rotate the upper body forward and into the approaching air phase. In addition, both of these actions allowed efficient use of the two-joint muscles of the leg during the critical phases of ground contact. Finally, the minimizing or reversing of the knee extensor dominance during the later stages of takeoff served to protect the joint from injury. Quantitatively, the magnitude of hip extensor/knee flexor activity during foot strike was significantly related (r = .70, p = .01) to the prior occurrences of related leg injury in the subjects.
Engineering Interface and Surface of Noble Metal Nanoparticle Nanotubes toward Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Fuel Cell Applications (2013)

In order for fuel cells to have commercial viability as alternative fuel sources, researchers need to develop highly active and robust fuel cell electrocatalysts. In recent years, the focus has been on the design and synthesis of novel catalytic materials with controlled interface and surface structures. Another goal is to uncover potential catalytic activity and selectivity, as well as understand their fundamental catalytic mechanisms. Scientists have achieved great progress in the experimental and theoretical investigation due to the urgent demand for broad commercialization of fuel cells in automotive applications. However, there are still three main problems: cost, performance, and stability. To meet these targets, the catalyst needs to have multisynergic functions. In addition, the composition and structure changes of the catalysts during the reactions still need to be explored. Activity in catalytic nanomaterials is generally controlled by the size, shape, composition, and interface and surface engineering. As such, one-dimensional nanostructures such as nanowires and nanotubes are of special interest. However, these structures tend to lose the nanoparticle morphology and inhibit the use of catalysts in both fuel cell anodes and cathodes. In 2003, Rubinstein and co-workers proposed the idea of nanoparticle nanotubes (NNs), which combine the geometry of nanotubes and the morphology of nanoparticles. This concept gives both the high surface-to-volume ratio and the size effect, which are both appealing in electrocatalyst design. In this Account, we describe our developments in the construction of highly active NNs with unique surface and heterogeneous interface structures. We try to clarify enhanced activity and stability in catalytic systems by taking into account the activity impact factors. We briefly introduce material structural effects on the electrocatalytic reactivity including metal oxide/metal and metal/metal interfaces, dealloyed pure Pt, and mixed Pt/Pd surfaces. In addition, we discuss the geometric structure and surface composition changes and evolutions on the activity, selectivity, and stability under fuel cell operation conditions. We expect that these nanostructured materials with particular nanostructured characteristics, physical and chemical properties, and remarkable structure changes will offer new opportunities for wide scientific communities.
An architecture and implementation for an FDDI MAC concentrator (2002)

The authors present an architecture and implementation for an FDDI (fiber distributed data interface) concentrator with media access control (MAC) sublayer support. The architecture calls for a distributed implementation of the SMT CMT (station management connection management) for the concentrator. The main features include microcontroller-based physical connection management, configuration management, and link error monitor for the back-end and front-end PHYs. Other features include a node-processor-based entity coordination management, ring management, MAC support, SMT frame transaction support, and link layer control. Communication, between the node processor and the peripheral microcontrollers is two-way serial for high-speed support of concentrator management transactions between the physical entities and the node processor. The architecture is modular because the microcontroller-based management allows for local intelligence for a group of back-end physical entities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance evaluation of a novel personalized ventilation-personalized exhaust system for airborne infection control (2014)

In the context of airborne infection control, it is critical that the ventilation system is able to extract the contaminated exhaled air within the shortest possible time. To minimize the spread of contaminated air exhaled by occupants efficiently, a novel personalized ventilation (PV)-personalized exhaust (PE) system has been developed, which aims to exhaust the exhaled air as much as possible from around the infected person (IP). The PV-PE system was studied experimentally for a particular healthcare setting based on a typical consultation room geometry and four different medical consultation positions of an IP and a healthy person (HP). Experiments using two types of tracer gases were conducted to evaluate two types of PE: Top-PE and Shoulder-PE under two different background ventilation systems: Mixing Ventilation and Displacement Ventilation. Personalized exposure effectiveness, intake fraction (iF) and exposure reduction (ε) were used as indices to evaluate the PV-PE system. The results show that the combined PV-PE system for the HP achieves the lowest intake fraction; and the use of PE system for the IP alone shows much better performance than using PV system for the HP alone.
VLA-2 (α2β1) Integrin Promotes Rotavirus Entry into Cells but Is Not Necessary for Rotavirus Attachment (2002)

In an attempt to identify the rotavirus receptor, we tested 46 cell lines of different species and tissue origins for susceptibility to infection by three N-acetyl-neuraminic (sialic) acid (SA)-dependent and five SA-independent rotavirus strains. Susceptibility to SA-dependent or SA-independent rotavirus infection varied depending on the cell line tested and the multiplicity of infection (MOI) used. Cells of renal or intestinal origin and transformed cell lines derived from breast, stomach, bone, or lung were all susceptible to rotavirus infection, indicating a wider host tissue range than previously appreciated. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), baby hamster kidney (BHK-21), guinea pig colon (GPC-16), rat small intestine (Rie1), and mouse duodenum (MODE-K) cells were found to support only limited rotavirus replication even at MOIs of 100 or 500, but delivery of rotavirus particles into the cytoplasm by lipofection resulted in efficient rotavirus replication. The rotavirus cell attachment protein, the outer capsid spike protein VP4, contains the sequence GDE(A) recognized by the VLA-2 (alpha2beta1) integrin, and to test if VLA-2 is involved in rotavirus attachment and entry, we measured infection in CHO cells that lack VLA-2 and CHO cells transfected with the human alpha2 subunit (CHOalpha2) or with both the human alpha2 and beta1 subunits (CHOalpha2beta1) of VLA-2. Infection by SA-dependent or SA-independent rotavirus strains was 2- to 10-fold more productive in VLA-2-expressing CHO cells than in parental CHO cells, and the increased susceptibility to infection was blocked with anti-VLA-2 antibody. However, the levels of binding of rotavirus to CHO, CHOalpha2, and CHOalpha2beta1 cells were equivalent and were not increased over binding to susceptible monkey kidney (MA104) cells or human colonic adenocarcinoma (Caco-2, HT-29, and T-84) cells, and binding was not blocked by antibody to the human alpha2 subunit. Although the VLA-2 integrin promotes rotavirus infection in CHO cells, it is clear that the VLA-2 integrin alone is not responsible for rotavirus cell attachment and entry. Therefore, VLA-2 is not involved in the initial attachment of rotavirus to cells but may play a role at a postattachment level.
Cold-Cathode Gas-Filled Tubes as Circuit Elements (1939)

Three types of gas-filled control tubes are now in common use. The properties of cold-cathode tubes, the most recent of these to receive extensive application, have been considered and comparisons drawn with those of the more familiar thyratron and ignitron. It is concluded that in its own field of low-current control devices the cold-cathode tube has several inherent advantages which will ensure a wide use for it in the future. These advantages are, the ability to operate without cathode heating power, the ability to start immediately when a signal is applied, and the absence of deterioration in standby service. A number of typical circuits illustrating the capabilities of the tubes as circuit elements have been described. Several of these are in commercial applications. One, involving some hundreds of thousands of tubes, has been operating for several years and proves beyond doubt that the cold-cathode tube is a valuable addition to the array of control devices available to the circuit engineer.
Differential inhibition of T and B cell responses to individual antigenic determinants in orally tolerized mice (1994)

Immunological tolerance of systemic immunity can be induced by the oral administration of an exogenous antigen, which is termed oral tolerance. We examined whether there was a difference in the degree of tolerance between individual antigenic determinants in oral tolerance. Feeding bovine alpha s1-casein, a major protein in cow's milk, as a constituent of the diet induces oral tolerance in mice. However, a weak antibody response can be elicited in the alpha s1-casein-fed animals by subsequent immunization with the antigen. We examined the fine specificity of such anti-alpha s1-casein antibodies produced in alpha s1-casein-fed mice. The results demonstrated that there was a difference in the inhibition of antibody response between different B cell determinants. Differential inhibition could also be observed for T cell responses. T cells specific for dominant determinants were preferentially tolerized, while those for cryptic determinants escaped oral tolerance. Our results imply the importance of antigen presentation for this differential inhibition of antigenic determinants. We suggest that orally administered antigen does not induce tolerance to some of the B and T lymphocyte repertoire which could potentially induce harmful food hypersensitivity.
ROC analysis of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph optic disc shape measures in glaucoma. (1997)

Cup shape measure was the most predictive HRT shape characteristic.
Automatic basis function construction for approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning (2006)

We address the problem of automatically constructing basis functions for linear approximation of the value function of a Markov Decision Process (MDP). Our work builds on results by Bertsekas and Castañon (1989) who proposed a method for automatically aggregating states to speed up value iteration. We propose to use neighborhood component analysis (Goldberger et al., 2005), a dimensionality reduction technique created for supervised learning, in order to map a high-dimensional state space to a low-dimensional space, based on the Bellman error, or on the temporal difference (TD) error. We then place basis function in the lower-dimensional space. These are added as new features for the linear function approximator. This approach is applied to a high-dimensional inventory control problem.
The Effect of Infused Prostacyclin in Migraine and Cluster Headache (1981)

SYNOPSIS Prostacyclin appears to be the most active of the vasodilating prostaglandins with inflammatory and hyperalgesic properties. Its actions are very similar to those of prostaglandin E 1 , which has long been known to cause “vascular‐type” headaches. We have assessed the role of prostacyclin by infusing it into eight patients with migraine and eight with cluster headache. Most of the subjects developed a dull throbbing headache during the infusion. In most cases the nature of the induced headaches was different from those usually experienced, and not significantly different from those induced in three normal subjects. Prostacyclin, therefore, does not appear to act as sole mediator of vascular headaches, though may still do so synergistically with one of a variety of amines and peptides.
Effect of nitrate on phosphorus release in biological phosphorus removal systems (1994)

The effect of nitrate on phosphorus release by biological phosphorus removing organisms has been studied. Denitrifying (DPB) or aerobic phosphorus removing bacteria were enriched in an anaerobic-anoxic or anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The enrichment sludges were used in batch tests, in which the effect of simultaneous presence of substrate (HAc) and nitrate was studied on the phosphorus release. It could be concluded that a reduction of the phosphorus release by nitrate in biological phosphorus removal systems is partly due to the presence of DPB, which utilize HAc for denitrification, not for phosphorus release. PHB (poly-β-hydroxybutyrate) was always produced and phosphorus was released by DPB sludge when nitrate and HAc were simultaneously present. The reducing power (NADH2) and the energy (ATP) for this process seemed to be obtained from HAc oxidation by nitrate as well as from polyphosphate degradation. After removal of the HAc, PHB degradation and phosphorus uptake occurred.
In-vivo visualization of radiation-induced apoptosis using 125I-annexin V (2005)

It is possible to predict the effect of treatment in cancer in a noninvasive manner by apoptosis imaging in vivo after radiotherapy.
Comparative study of trust and reputation systems for wireless sensor networks (2012)

ABSTRACT Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are emerging as useful technology for information extraction from the surrounding environment by using numerous small‐sized sensor nodes that are mostly deployed in sensitive, unattended, and (sometimes) hostile territories. Traditional cryptographic approaches are widely used to provide security in WSN. However, because of unattended and insecure deployment, a sensor node may be physically captured by an adversary who may acquire the underlying secret keys, or a subset thereof, to access the critical data and/or other nodes present in the network. Moreover, a node may not properly operate because of insufficient resources or problems in the network link. In recent years, the basic ideas of trust and reputation have been applied to WSNs to monitor the changing behaviors of nodes in a network. Several trust and reputation monitoring (TRM) systems have been proposed, to integrate the concepts of trust in networks as an additional security measure, and various surveys are conducted on the aforementioned system. However, the existing surveys lack a comprehensive discussion on trust application specific to the WSNs. This survey attempts to provide a thorough understanding of trust and reputation as well as their applications in the context of WSNs. The survey discusses the components required to build a TRM and the trust computation phases explained with a study of various security attacks. The study investigates the recent advances in TRMs and includes a concise comparison of various TRMs. Finally, a discussion on open issues and challenges in the implementation of trust‐based systems is also presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inotropic Stimulation Induces Cardiac Dysfunction in Transgenic Mice Expressing a Troponin T (I79N) Mutation Linked to Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2001)

The cardiac troponin T (TnT) I79N mutation has been linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a high incidence of sudden death, despite causing little or no cardiac hypertrophy. In skinned fibers, I79N increased myofilamental calcium sensitivity (Miller, T., Szczesna, D., Housmans, P. R., Zhao, J., deFreitas, F., Gomes, A. V., Culbreath, L., McCue, J., Wang, Y., Xu, Y., Kerrick, W. G., and Potter, J. D. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 3743-3755). To further study the functional consequences of this mutation, we compared the cardiac performance of transgenic mice expressing either human TnT-I79N or human wild-type TnT. In isolated hearts, cardiac function was different depending on the Ca(2+) concentration of the perfusate; systolic function was significantly increased in Tg-I79N hearts at 0.5 and 1 mmol/liter. At higher Ca(2+) concentrations, systolic function was not different, but diastolic dysfunction became manifest as increased end-diastolic pressure and time to 90% relaxation. In vivo measurements by echocardiography and Doppler confirmed that base-line systolic function was significantly higher in Tg-I79N mice without evidence for diastolic dysfunction. Inotropic stimulation with isoproterenol resulted only in a modest contractile response but caused significant mortality in Tg-I79N mice. Doppler studies ruled out aortic outflow obstruction and were consistent with increased chamber stiffness. We conclude that in vivo, the increased myofilament Ca(2+) sensitivity due to the I79N mutation enhances base-line contractility but leads to cardiac dysfunction during inotropic stimulation.