gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origins of Regioselectivity in Iridium Catalyzed Allylic Substitution (2015)

Detailed studies on the origin of the regioselectivity for formation of branched products over linear products have been conducted with complexes containing the achiral triphenylphosphite ligand. The combination of iridium and P(OPh)3 was the first catalytic system shown to give high regioselectivity for the branched product with iridium and among the most selective for forming branched products among any combination of metal and ligand. We have shown the active catalyst to be generated from [Ir(COD)Cl]2 and P(OPh)3 by cyclometalation of the phenyl group on the ligand and have shown such species to be the resting state of the catalyst. A series of allyliridium complexes ligated by the resulting P,C ligand have been generated and shown to be competent intermediates in the catalytic system. We have assessed the potential impact of charge, metal-iridium bond length, and stability of terminal vs internal alkenes generated by attack at the branched and terminal positions of the allyl ligand, respectively. These factors do not distinguish the regioselectivity for attack on allyliridium complexes from that for attack on allylpalladium complexes. Instead, detailed computational studies suggest that a series of weak, attractive, noncovalent interactions, including interactions of H-bond acceptors with a vinyl C-H bond of the alkene ligand, favor formation of the branched product with the iridium catalyst. This conclusion underscores the importance of considering attractive interactions, as well as repulsive steric interactions, when seeking to rationalize selectivities.
Trends in Sensing Side impacts (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Timely sensing of side impacts for the purpose of deploying inflatable crash sensing apparatus presents many differences from the problem of frontal crash sensing. These. differences are discussed and some plausible sensing schemes are proposed and reviewed.</div>
Update on the safety and efficacy of commercial ultrasound contrast agents in cardiac applications (2015)

Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are currently used throughout the world in both clinical and research settings. The concept of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging originated in the late 1960s, and the first commercially available agents were initially developed in the 1980s. Today's microbubbles are designed for greater utility and are used for both approved and off-label indications. In October 2007, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) imposed additional product label warnings that included serious cardiopulmonary reactions, several new disease-state contraindications, and a mandated 30 min post-procedure monitoring period for the agents Optison and Definity. These additional warnings were prompted by reports of cardiopulmonary reactions that were temporally related but were not clearly attributable to these UCAs. Subsequent published reports over the following months established not only the safety but also the improved efficacy of clinical ultrasound applications with UCAs. The FDA consequently updated the product labeling in June 2008 and reduced contraindications, although it continued to monitor select patients. In addition, a post-marketing program was proposed to the sponsors for a series of safety studies to further assess the risk of UCAs. Then in October 2011, the FDA leadership further downgraded the warnings after hearing the results of the post-marketing data, which revealed continued safety and improved efficacy. The present review focuses on the use of UCAs in today's clinical practice, including the approved indications, a variety of off-label uses, and the most recent data, which affirms the safety and efficacy of UCAs.
The Design of Cyclotron Oscillators (1951)

The procedure used to design the 60-in. cyclotron oscillator at Berkeley is described. The procedure consists in assuming the cyclotron and associated circuits to be oscillating on one of normal modes of vibration of the electrical circuit and adjusting the circuit so that the proper voltages to drive the oscillator tube are obtained. The procedure is illustrated by numerical examples taken from the original design data.
A Ligation-Independent Cloning Tobacco Rattle Virus Vector for High-Throughput Virus-Induced Gene Silencing Identifies Roles for<i>NbMADS4</i>-<i>1</i>and -<i>2</i>in Floral Development (2007)

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is a widely used, powerful technique for reverse genetics. VIGS vectors derived from the Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) are among the most popular for VIGS. We have developed a TRV RNA2 vector that allows the insertion of gene silencing fragments by ligation-independent cloning (LIC). This new vector has several advantages over previous vectors, particularly for applications involving the analysis of large numbers of sequences, since TRV-LIC vectors containing the desired insert are obtained with 100% efficiency. Importantly, this vector allows the high-throughput cloning of silencing fragments without the use of costly enzymes required for recombination, as is the case with GATEWAY-based vectors. We generated a collection of silencing vectors based on 400 tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) expressed sequence tags in this TRV-LIC background. We have used this vector to identify roles for SlMADS1 and its Nicotiana benthamiana homologs, NbMADS4-1 and -2 in flowering. We find that NbMADS4-1 and -2 act nonredundantly in floral development and silencing of either gene results in loss of organ identity. This TRV-LIC vector should be a valuable resource to the plant community.
Cannabinoids and Pain (2001)

Cannabinoids have been used to treat pain for many centuries. However, only during the past several decades have rigorous scientific methods been applied to understand the mechanisms of cannabinoid action. Cannabinoid receptors were discovered in the late 1980s and have been found to mediate the effects of cannabinoids on the nervous system. Several endocannabinoids were subsequently identified. Many studies of cannabinoid analgesia in animals during the past century showed that cannabinoids block all types of pain studied. These effects were found to be due to the suppression of spinal and thalamic nociceptive neurons, independent of any actions on the motor systems. Spinal, supraspinal and peripheral sites of cannabinoid analgesia have been identified. Endocannabinoids are released upon electrical stimulation of the periaqueductal gray, and in response to inflammation in the extremities. These observations and others thus suggest that a natural function of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands is to regulate pain sensitivity. The therapeutic potential of cannabinoids remains an important topic for future investigations, with previous work suggesting utility in clinical studies of cancer and surgical pain. New modes of delivery and/or new compounds lacking the psychotropic properties of the standard cannabinoid ligands offer promise for cannabinoid therapeutics for pain.
EigenDamage: Structured Pruning in the Kronecker-Factored Eigenbasis (2019)

Reducing the test time resource requirements of a neural network while preserving test accuracy is crucial for running inference on resource-constrained devices. To achieve this goal, we introduce a novel network reparameterization based on the Kronecker-factored eigenbasis (KFE), and then apply Hessian-based structured pruning methods in this basis. As opposed to existing Hessian-based pruning algorithms which do pruning in parameter coordinates, our method works in the KFE where different weights are approximately independent, enabling accurate pruning and fast computation. We demonstrate empirically the effectiveness of the proposed method through extensive experiments. In particular, we highlight that the improvements are especially significant for more challenging datasets and networks. With negligible loss of accuracy, an iterative-pruning version gives a 10$\times$ reduction in model size and a 8$\times$ reduction in FLOPs on wide ResNet32.
Acetone Cyanohydrin, a Convenient Formylation Reagent for Arenes (1982)

Abstract Numerous methods have been proposed for the formylation of aromatic derivatives1, including the Gatterman reaction which involves the use of hydrogen cyanide2. We report here the use of acetone cyanohydrin as an easy-to-handle formylation reagent for aromatic compounds: Some results are summarized in the table.
Enhancing E-Commerce Processes with Alerts and Web Services: A Case Study on Online Credit Card Payment Notification (2007)

Nowadays using credit card to purchase on Web is very popular. To maximize the security of transactions, credit card providers use secure processing services to encrypt the credit card information. But if an unauthorized person knows the credit card information, he can still perform any payment illegally. To address this problem, we design a Notified Credit Card Payment System (NCCPS) to handle the notification and confirmation. Through an Alert Management system component, the NCCPS systematically integrates the communications amount the merchants, banks or credit card service providers, and mobile service providers through Web services for this purpose. Messages are sent through SMS to notify the cardholder as an alert in order to get the confirmation for completing the payment transaction. The NCCPS also integrates with the customer service call center with the cancellation processes and exception handling. In this case study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the use of Web services and alerts in e-Commerce process integration.
Impact of Mechanical Vibration on the Performance of RF MEMS Evanescent-Mode Tunable Resonators (2011)

This letter presents the first experimental investigation on the impact of mechanical vibration on the performance of MEMS evanescent-mode tunable resonators. It is shown both conceptually and experimentally that mechanical vibration can introduce distortions to the RF signal. Signal distortions are found to be very small (<; -40 dBc of sideband or <; 0.5% change in-error vector magnitude) for a diaphragm based MEMS tunable resonator with a diaphragm size of 7 × 7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and mechanical vibration amplitude of 1g. A novel MEMS tunable evanescent-mode resonator based on two arrays of cantilever beams that replace the diaphragm is also presented to achieve even lower distortion in the presence of mechanical vibration. A 15-25 dB reduction in the vibration-induced sideband is observed.
Treg functional stability and its responsiveness to the microenvironment (2014)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity and tissue damage resulting from excessive or unnecessary immune activation through their suppressive function. While their importance for proper immune control is undeniable, the stability of the Treg lineage has recently become a controversial topic. Many reports have shown dramatic loss of the signature Treg transcription factor Forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3) and Treg function under various inflammatory conditions. Other recent studies demonstrate that most Tregs are extremely resilient in their expression of Foxp3 and the retention of suppressive function. While this debate is unlikely to be settled in the immediate future, improved understanding of the considerable heterogeneity within the Foxp3(+) Treg population and how Treg subsets respond to ranging environmental cues may be keys to reconciliation. In this review, we discuss the diverse mechanisms responsible for the observed stability or instability of Foxp3(+) Treg identity and function. These include transcriptional and epigenetic programs, transcript targeting, and posttranslational modifications that appear responsive to numerous elements of the microenvironment. These mechanisms for Treg functional modulation add to the discussion of Treg stability.
Design and implementation tradeoffs for wide-area resource discovery (2005)

This paper describes the design and implementation of SWORD, a scalable resource discovery service for wide-area distributed systems. In contrast to previous systems, SWORD allows users to describe desired resources as a topology of interconnected groups with required intragroup, intergroup, and per-node characteristics, along with the utility that the application derives from various ranges of values of those characteristics. This design gives users the flexibility to find geographically distributed resources for applications that are sensitive to both node and network characteristics, and allows the system to rank acceptable configurations based on their quality for that application. We explore a variety of architectures to deliver SWORD's functionality in a scalable and highly-available manner. A 1000-node ModelNet evaluation using a workload of measurements collected from PlanetLab shows that an architecture based on 4-node server cluster sites at network peering facilities outperforms a decentralized DHT-based resource discovery infrastructure for all but the smallest number of sites. While such a centralized architecture shows significant promise, we find that our decentralized implementation, both in emulation and running continuously on over 200 PlanetLab nodes, performs well while benefiting from the DHT's self-healing properties.
Improvement methods investigation to optimize VHF receivers immunity to desensitization (2002)

Methods for reducing desensitization-related disturbances on VLF receiver systems are examined. New front-end parameters are checked in the optimization program to obtain improvements of signal-to-noise ratio and improvements of loss of sensitivity. The VHF system results can contribute to an improvement from a preliminary 9% to a final 4.5% in the relative frequency intervals for collocation conditions while providing a significant improvement in the threshold limit far field distance for similar desensitization conditions without significantly reducing the receiver sensitivity. It is concluded that this optimization method and resulting improvements are useful in the design of radio communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Forecasting for a Credit Loan from Households in South Korea (2017)

Purpose – In this work, we examined the causal relationship between credit loans from households (CLH), loan collateralized with housing (LCH) and an interest of certificate of deposit (ICD) among others in South Korea. Furthermore, the optimal forecasts on the underlying model will be obtained and have the potential for applications in the economic field. Research design, data, and methodology – A total of 31 realizations sampled from the 4th quarter in 2008 to the 4th quarter in 2016 was chosen for this research. To achieve the purpose of this study, a regression model with correlated errors was exploited. Furthermore, goodness-of-fit measures was used as tools of optimal model-construction. Results – We found that by applying the regression model with errors component ARMA(1,5) to CLH, the steep and lasting rise can be expected over the next year, with moderate increase of LCH and ICD. Conclusions – Based on 2017-2018 forecasts for CLH, the precipitous and lasting increase can be expected over the next two years, with gradual rise of two major explanatory variables. By affording the assumption that the feedback among variables can exist, we can, in the future, consider more generalized models such as vector autoregressive model and structural equation model, to name a few.
An Approach for Solving Systems of Parametric Polynomial Equations (1995)

An approach for solving nonlinear polynomial equations involving parameters is proposed. A distinction is made between parameters and variables. The objective is to generate from a system of parametric equations, solved forms from which solutions for specific values of parameters can be obtained without much additional computations. It should be possible to analyze the parametrized solved forms so that it can be determined for different parameter values whether there are infinitely many solutions, finitely many solutions, or no solutions at all. The approach is illustrated for two different symbolic methods for solving parametric equations -- Grobner basis computations and characteristic set computations. These methods are illustrated on a number of examples. 1.2 Introduction Many complex phenomena can be modeled using nonlinear polynomial equations. Examples include imaging transformations in computer vision, computing geometric invariants, geometric and solid modeling, constraint-b...
Versatility and Unix semantics in namespace unification (2006)

Administrators often prefer to keep related sets of files in different locations or media, as it is easier to maintain them separately. Users, however, prefer to see all files in one location for convenience. One solution that accommodates both needs is virtual namespace unification---providing a merged view of several directories without physically merging them. For example, namespace unification can merge the contents of several CD-ROM images without unpacking them, merge binary directories from different packages, merge views from several file servers, and more. Namespace unification can also enable snapshotting by marking some data sources read-only and then utilizing copy-on-write for the read-only sources. For example, an OS image may be contained on a read-only CD-ROM image---and the user's configuration, data, and programs could be stored in a separate read-write directory. With copy-on-write unification, the user need not be concerned about the two disparate file systems.It is difficult to maintain Unix semantics while offering a versatile namespace unification system. Past efforts to provide such unification often compromised on the set of features provided or Unix compatibility---resulting in an incomplete solution that users could not use.We designed and implemented a versatile namespace unification system called Unionfs . Unionfs maintains Unix semantics while offering advanced namespace unification features: dynamic insertion and removal of namespaces at any point in the merged view, mixing read-only and read-write components, efficient in-kernel duplicate elimination, NFS interoperability, and more. Since releasing our Linux implementation, it has been used by thousands of users and over a dozen Linux distributions, which helped us discover and solve many practical problems.
A Performer-Controlled Live Sound-Processing System: New Developments and Implementations of the Expanded Instrument System (1998)

David Gamper, Pauline Oliveros, A Performer-Controlled Live Sound-Processing System: New Developments and Implementations of the Expanded Instrument System, Leonardo Music Journal, Vol. 8, Ghosts and Monsters: Technology and Personality in Contemporary Music (1998), pp. 33-38
Antenna Radiation Pattern Compressive Sensing (2018)

Modern wireless communications is placing ever greater demands on the system's antenna. But high-resolution, wide-band antenna pattern measurement remains a slow, expensive process that can hinder research, development, and production. This paper explores the use of compressive sensing to accelerate the measurement process. Compessive sensing is particularly well suited to applications that meet four criteria: the data is high -dimensional and very sparse, current measurement methods are expensive, the measurements are conducted in a controlled environment, and there are sufficient processing resources for data recovery. Wide-band antenna pattern measurement meets all of these criteria, making it an ideal candidate for compressive sensing. This paper reviews standard sampling methods, illustrating the advantages of compressive sensing. Simulations of several compressive sensing architectures are presented that require fewer measurements than traditional methods, significantly accelerating the measurement process. Additionally, the structure of the sensing signals is optimized within a compressive sensing framework, further increasing system performance.
High Caloric intake at breakfast vs. dinner differentially influences weight loss of overweight and obese women (2013)

High-calorie breakfast with reduced intake at dinner is beneficial and might be a useful alternative for the management of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Hybrid nanocomposite materials with organic and inorganic components for opto-electronic devices (2008)

Hybrid structures consisting of semiconducting organic polymers and strongly luminescent semiconductor nanocrystals offer favorable perspectives through highly saturated, tunable emission and tunable absorption, in combination with an easy processability from solution and low materials cost, which is of importance for several high-tech applications such as hybrid organic–inorganic light-emitting diodes and solar cells. This Feature Article describes selected examples of the design and synthesis of polymer compounds and inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals, followed by operation principles and material choices for devices that are based on combinations of polymers with semiconductor nanocrystals.
Design and Synthesis of New Octupolar Molecules for Second-Harmonic Generation (1998)

Abstract The state of the art concerning the design of octupoles, a new familly of NLO active molecules is presented here. 2D and 3D based architectures with higher symmetries lead to high efficiencies for SHG.
Breast Cancer in Women After Repeated Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Chest2 (1977)

Journal Article Breast Cancer in Women After Repeated Fluoroscopic Examinations of the Chest Get access John D. Boice, Jr., John D. Boice, Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Richard R. Monson Richard R. Monson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 59, Issue 3, September 1977, Pages 823–832, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/59.3.823 Published: 01 September 1977 Article history Received: 28 December 1976 Accepted: 28 March 1977 Published: 01 September 1977
Splitting the Chromosome: Cutting the Ties that Bind Sister Chromatids (2001)

In eukaryotic cells, replicated DNA molecules remain physically connected from their synthesis in S phase until they are separated during anaphase. This phenomenon, called sister chromatid cohesion, is essential for the temporal separation of DNA replication and mitosis and for the equal separation of the duplicated genome. Recent work has identified a number of chromosomal proteins required for cohesion. In this review we discuss how these proteins may connect sister chromatids and how they are removed from chromosomes to allow sister chromatid separation at the onset of anaphase.
Transforming growth factor beta 1 systemically modulates granuloid, erythroid, lymphoid, and thrombocytic cells in mice. (1992)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) has been shown to inhibit the development of most early hemopoietic progenitors in vitro. The present series of in vivo experiments show that TGF-beta 1 can simultaneously augment and suppress distinct cell lineages in peripheral and central hemopoietic compartments. Mice treated daily for 7-14 days with s.c. injections of TGF-beta 1 exhibited up to a 95% reduction in circulating platelets and a 50% reduction in red cell counts, whereas a 50%-400% increase occurred in circulating white cells with the morphology of small lymphocytes. Decreased erythrocytes were also evident in the splenic red pulp and bone marrow sinusoids. A dramatic increase in granulopoiesis occurred in the spleen and bone marrow, followed by a peripheral neutrophilia 1 week after treatments ceased. All effects were completely reversible, with normal histologic and hematologic profiles evident 2 weeks after cessation of treatments. Thus, TGF-beta 1 can differentially regulate multiple hemopoietic pathways in a systemic, reversible, and dose-dependent fashion. These actions may be mediated by the direct effects of TGF-beta 1 or through modulation of secondary cytokines and receptors.