gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerator-rich CMPs: From concept to real hardware (2013)

Application-specific accelerators provide 10-100× improvement in power efficiency over general-purpose processors. The accelerator-rich architectures are especially promising. This work discusses a prototype of accelerator-rich CMPs (PARC). During our development of PARC in real hardware, we encountered a set of technical challenges and proposed corresponding solutions. First, we provided system IPs that serve a sea of accelerators to transfer data between userspace and accelerator memories without cache overhead. Second, we designed a dedicated interconnect between accelerators and memories to enable memory sharing. Third, we implemented an accelerator manager to virtualize accelerator resources for users. Finally, we developed an automated flow with a number of IP templates and customizable interfaces to a C-based synthesis flow to enable rapid design and update of PARC. We implemented PARC in a Virtex-6 FPGA chip with integration of platform-specific peripherals and booting of unmodified Linux. Experimental results show that PARC can fully exploit the energy benefits of accelerators at little system overhead.
<i>In vitro</i> Investigations into the Formation and Dissolution of Infection‐induced Catheter Encrustations (1992)

Encrustations are the most frequent complications occurring with indwelling catheters and urine drainage systems. The conditions for bacterial infections, using synthetic urine and controlled contamination by Proteus vulgaris, were standardised by using an in vitro model. Crystal deposits on catheters were analysed by infra-red spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The main components of deposits in all investigations were struvite (MgNH4PO4.6H2O) 60-70% and carbonate apatite (Ca10(PO4,CO3)6 (OH,CO3)2) 30-40%. Investigations as to the quality and quantity of encrustations confirmed the analysis. Irrigation treatment was carried out with physiological saline solution and citric acid solution (Suby G) to study and quantify the dissolution of crystal deposits. Regular irrigation with citric solution resulted in a 70% dissolution of encrustations and ensured free flow as ascertained by measuring flow rates.
A new a-Si TFT with SiO/sub 2//SiN/sub x/ gate insulator for 10.4-inch LCDs (2002)

A novel a-Si TFT (thin-film transistor) with a composite gate insulator of CVD (chemical-vapor-deposited) SiO/sub 2//PE-CVD (plasma-enhanced CVD) SiN/sub x/ has been developed. This TFT has been applied to 10.4-in-diagonal LCDs (liquid crystal displays). Because of the high quality of CVD SiO/sub 2/, Vth drift, which was often observed after prolonged application of gate bias, was remarkably reduced compared to PE-CVD SiO/sub x/N/sub y/. Also, the degradation of subthreshold characteristics on a-Si TFT (often observed after long-term operation of LCDs at high temperature) was improved. Selective etching technologies of SiN/sub x/ against SiO/sub 2/, which is one of key issues in connection with obtaining high production yield, have been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CLONING AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AMMONIUM TRANSPORTERS FROM THE MARINE DIATOM <i>CYLINDROTHECA FUSIFORMIS</i> (BACILLARIOPHYCEAE)<sup>1</sup> (2005)

The general preference of phytoplankton for ammonium over nitrate as a nitrogen source has long been established, but the underlying molecular mechanisms controlling the uptake and utilization of these nutrients, and the preference for one over the other, are poorly understood. Insights are to be gained by cloning genes involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism and characterizing the expression of these genes and their encoded proteins. I report the first cloning and characterization of ammonium transporter genes ( AMT ) from a marine diatom, Cylindrotheca fusiformis Reimann and Lewin. Two distinct types of AMT were isolated, which differed in their encoded amino acid sequences by 5%. A cDNA and genomic copy of AMT1 and three genomic copies of AMT2 were isolated. Analysis of mRNA levels in C. fusiformis cultures grown with different nitrogen sources revealed that AMT1 levels were much higher than AMT2 under all conditions. Highest mRNA levels were detected in nitrogen‐starved cells, followed by nitrate‐grown and then ammonium‐grown cells. A substantial amount of mRNA degradation was observed, suggesting that transcripts for the AMT s are turned over rapidly, which may be a regulatory mechanism over their expression. Transporters AMT1 and 2 were cloned into a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector, and each was able to complement a yeast mutant that lacked all three of its native ammonium transporters. In addition to showing that the AMTs were functional, the data indicated that AMT1 was a much more efficient transporter than AMT2 .
Two exploratory studies of the relationships between teachers' epistemic beliefs and their online interactions (2011)

This paper reports two exploratory studies that investigate how teachers’ epistemic beliefs are related to their online interactions. The first exploratory study investigated seven practicing teachers’ epistemic beliefs through qualitative interview and how these beliefs are related to their online participation and depth of interaction over three inservice courses. The second study investigated 24 preservice teachers’ epistemic beliefs through quantitative survey and how the beliefs were correlated with their online interactions. Both studies employed the knowledge building community (KBC) as the pedagogical model to facilitate co-construction of knowledge among the teachers. The results indicate that the teachers’ epistemic beliefs are related to their online interactions. However, the pattern of correlations was different for the two studies. Further studies in these areas are suggested.
Piecewise-Deterministic Optimal Path Planning (2015)

We consider piecewise-deterministic optimal control problems in which the environment randomly switches among several deterministic modes, and the goal is to optimize the expected cost up to the termination while taking the likelihood of future mode-switches into account. The dynamic programming approach yields a weakly-coupled system of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDEs satisfied by the value functions of individual modes. We derive and implement semi-Lagrangian and Eulerian numerical schemes for that system. We further recover simpler, "asymptotically optimal" controls and test their performance in non-asymptotic regimes. Our approach is illustrated on a simple anisotropic path-planning problem: the time-optimal control for a boat affected by randomly switching winds.
Copolymerization of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1,2-epoxypropane with 1,2-Epoxypropane Using Organozinc Compounds (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization of 3,3,3-Trifluoro-1,2-epoxypropane with 1,2-Epoxypropane Using Organozinc CompoundsJunko Umezawa, Tokio Hagiwara, Hiroshi Hamana, Tadashi Narita, Keizo Furuhashi, and Hiroyuki NohiraCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 833–837Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Changes in Implant Screws Subject to Occlusal Loading: A Preliminary Analysis (2005)

Loosening of the abutment screw can present a problem for the stability of the implant-supported crown or prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to understand the parameters of screw loosening, using an in vitro model, including loss of torque, screw head rotation, changes in screw dimension, and distortion of the implant-abutment joint. Implants (4 x 10 mm) were potted in autopolymerizing blocks. Abutments were placed with screws tightened with a 35-Ncm torque and standardized crowns fabricated. There were 3 implant systems used: Nobel Biocare USA, Inc. (Yorba Linda, CA), 3i Implant Innovations, Inc. (Palm Beach Gardens, FL), and Bio-Lok International, Inc. (Deerfield Beach, FL). Seven samples were tested for each system. Samples were loaded with 300-N loads for 50,000 cycles at 1 Hz. Torque turn audits were performed at 10,000, 25,000, and 50,000 cycles. At the conclusion of the loading, counterclockwise rotation of the abutment screw was measured. The screws were retrieved and measurements made compared with the controls. Finally, 1 sample from each group was embedded in resin, sectioned longitudinally, and examined under the standard error of the mean. The Nobel Biocare system showed a 9.4-Ncm loss of torque from the loading protocol. This result was accompanied by a counterclockwise rotation of 7 degrees and a 200-ìm elongation of the screw. Finally, there was compression and distortion of the longitudinally sectioned joint architecture observed with the standard error of the mean. From the 3i and Bio-Lok International groups, no loss of torque, counterclockwise rotation, or lengthening of the screws was observed. Intimate adaptation of the joint without distortion was seen in the longitudinal sections. Screw loosening appears to follow specific parameters that include counterclockwise rotation, lengthening of the screw, and distortion of the screw joint. This process is likely associated with both the physical properties of the screw as well as its configuration.
Method Development in Relation to Regulatory Requirements for the Detection of GMOs in the Food Chain (2002)

This is a summary report of a joint workshop held in Brussels, Belgium, in December 2000. The workshop was organized by the ILSI Europe Novel Food Task Force in collaboration with the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) and ILSI International Food Biotechnology Committee. The purpose was to investigate progress in the development of analytical methods since the last workshop was held in June 1998.
Analytic evaluation of sampled aperture ultrasonic imaging techniques for NDE (1994)

This paper presents a theoretical comparison of three generic sampled aperture ultrasonic imaging systems for nondestructive evaluation. The imaging systems are categorized according to their source-receiver combination for data acquisition: common-source, back-scatter, and full-array imaging. First, forward modeling is performed for a point source and a point receiver. This is then used to model the received data set for each of the imaging categories. Subsequently, the inversion algorithm for each category is derived, and their performance is evaluated in terms of resolution, noise, and computation. We show that in terms of resolution, back-scatter imaging is the best, followed by full-array and common-source imaging. However, in terms of material noise, full-array imaging is the best, with back-scatter and common-source imaging having the same material noise response. Full-array imaging is the only system with inherent redundancy to reduce electronic noise, but at the expense of significantly more computation. The physical transducer is in the full-array category, allowing mechanical scanning to be traded for dynamic focusing and computational power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enterprise finance in Zimbabwe (1995)

This report is part of a series of studies on enterprise finance undertaken in Sub-Saharan Africa under the auspices of the multi-donor Regional Program for Enterprise Development (RPED). The report is organized as follows. Chapter one provides background information on Zimbabwe, its economic structure, and its recent history. Chapter two reviews theoretical and empirical literature in search for concepts applicable to enterprise finance in a developing country setting. The authors organize some of these concepts around the theme of contract enforcement and show how it subsumes many information asymmetries and transaction costs. The financial sector of Zimbabwe is briefly described in chapter three. Financial instruments and legal institutions are discussed and the attitude of financial institutions scrutinized. Chapter four focuses on the pattern of enterprise finance in Zimbabwe. Differences among firms in access and cost of various forms of credit are reviewed in detail. Firm size and ethnicity are shown to play an important role in access to external finance. Enforcement problems and information asymmetries are examined in chapter five. Results indicate that credit transactions are more flexible than often believed and that enforcement concerns are central to the credit screening process. They also demonstrate that Zimbabwe benefits from the existence of several overlapping reputation mechanisms that sanction contract performance. Firm growth and investment are reviewed in chapter six. Credit constraints affect firm performance in two ways by restricting their capacity to expand, and by limiting their ability to survive liquidity shocks. The authors synthesize the results at the end of chapter six by constructing a typology of firms and assessing their potential for growth and expansion. Policy implications are presented in chapter seven. Detailed policy prescriptions are derived for various categories of firms. A special emphasis is put on the promotion of indigenous enterprises.
Direct-coupled transistor-transistor logic: a new high-performance LSI gate family (1975)

The direct-coupled transistor-transistor logic (DCT/SUP 2/L) family consists of a multiple-emitter AND gate and a NOR gate similar to direct-coupled transistor logic (DCTL). High speed for low power is obtained by limiting the voltage swing and using a low voltage power supply of about 2 V. Using a conservative, standard Schottky process, the DCT/SUP 2/L NOR gate has a delay of about 1 ns for 4-mW gate power. A computer-aided analysis shows that this is faster than the basic gates of emitter function logic (EFL), emitter-coupled logic (ECL), or Schottky transistor-transistor logic (T/SUP 2/L) with the same process and gate power. A comparison of actual arithmetic logic units shows that Schottky DCT/SUP 2/L is smaller and faster than ECL and Schottky T/SUP 2/L. The higher speed and density of DCT/SUP 2/L makes it a better large-scale integration (LSI) concept than the other logic families.
Molecular cloning of the cDNA for a human amyloid precursor protein homolog: Evidence for a multigene family (1993)

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative neurological disorder characterized by neural loss and brain lesions associated with plaques containing large amounts of the beta/A4 amyloid peptide. Molecular cloning of the cDNA for this peptide from human brain has shown it to be derived by proteolysis from a much larger precursor called the amyloid precursor protein (APP). The biological role of the precursor is unknown, but it has been shown to be transcribed in many human tissues in addition to brain. In the present report, we describe the molecular cloning from a human placental library of a full-length cDNA for a molecule closely related to APP. This novel molecule, which we have called amyloid precursor protein homolog (APPH), shares overall domain organization with APP. It is 763 amino acids in length and appears to encode a signal peptide, a large apparent extracellular domain including a Kunitz inhibitor domain, a transmembrane region, and a short cytoplasmic domain. Northern analysis indicates that it occurs in at least two molecular forms and is transcribed in human brain, heart, lung, liver, and kidney, in addition to placenta. On the basis of its extensive sequence similarity and conservation of domain structure, APPH is the nearest relative of APP yet identified in an emerging multigene family.
Efficiently Amplified (2010)

Modern wireless communication systems have evolved to support increasing numbers of subscribers and provide higher data rate services within the limited frequency resources. As part of this evolution, many transmitted signals in the new standards, such as WCDMA, long term evolution (LTE), and worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX), now utilize a high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) caused by complex modulation schemes, generating the rapid change in the magnitude of signal. In particular, the PAPRs of the signals exceed 9 dB at 0.01% level of complementary cumulative distribution function. Use of high PAPR signals result in the power amplifier (PA) operating at a large enough back-off to satisfy the stringent linearity requirement. However, in this region, efficiency of the PA is very low. To bolster low efficiency in the back-off region, various efficiency boosting techniques have been considered over time.
Time synchronization algorithms based on Timing-sync Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are large scale networks of sensors running on wireless environment. For an application running on a WSN, gathered data by the sensors are time critical in most of the cases. However, almost all the nodes suffer from a problem named clock drift. This problem causes clock difference among nodes as time goes because the processors do not run exactly at the same speed. There are many proposed solutions to remedy this problem. TPSN (timing-sync protocol for sensor networks) is one of the effective protocols proposed to synchronize sensor networks. In this paper, we propose enhancements over TPSN to synchronize nodes in a wireless sensor network more effectively with a lower message complexity and higher precision.
Attenuated Superconductors I. For Measuring Infra-Red Radiation (1942)

An apparatus for measuring infra-red radiation has been constructed of fine tantalum wire, operating at a temperature of 3.22–3.23°K in the transition zone between superconduction and normal conduction. The tantalum coil is mounted on a thermostated plate with temperature electrically controlled and operates in a special self-regulating shunt circuit by which its own temperature is automatically maintained constant. The ratio of developed electrical potential to radiation flux received is 150 μv (erg cm−2 sec.−1)−1. Minimum detectable flux is ca. 10−3 erg sec.−1. Absolute measurements of intensity of radiation from sources at temperatures between 24° and 55° are consistent with the Stefan-Boltzmann law showing that instrument corrections for reflectivity, window-absorption, and changes with wave-length are very small.
Prostate: techniques, results, and potential applications of color Doppler US scanning. (1993)

Color Doppler ultrasound (US) scanning and conventional endorectal gray-scale US of the prostate were performed in 619 patients. Pathologic correlation was available in all cases after US-guided transrectal biopsy. There were 132 cancers in 121 men, 13 foci of atypia in 10 men, 33 foci of inflammation in 31 men, and 469 benign lesions in 457 men. Two hundred seventy patients with abnormal areas of flow identified at color Doppler scanning also underwent spectral waveform analysis of the area of potential concern. No statistical difference in the mean resistive indexes was identified in any patient (P = .25; Scheffe F test, analysis of variance). All malignant lesions had abnormalities demonstrated at gray-scale US and/or focal or diffuse abnormal flow demonstrated at color Doppler scanning. Of the 132 cancers, 123 (93%) had corresponding gray-scale abnormalities and 114 (86%) demonstrated abnormal flow at color Doppler imaging. Nine of the 132 cancers (7%) had no obviously identifiable abnormality at gray-scale scanning but had distinctly abnormal flow at color Doppler scanning. Abnormal findings at color scanning without abnormal findings at gray-scale scanning occurred in eight of the 33 cases of inflammatory foci (24%) and in 24 of the 469 (5%) benign lesions.
Modulation of phospholipase A2 activity by membrane-active peptides on liposomes of different phospholipid composition. (1994)

To determine the influence of variations in both lipid species and lipid packing on phospholipase A2 (PLA2) hydrolytic activity, the activities of two PLA2 isolated from Crotalus molossus molossus venom, were followed on unilamellar liposomes modified by membrane-active peptides. Enzymatic activity was compared with cytolytic activity on human and mouse lymphocytes. Phosphatidylcholine liposomes were hydrolysed better than liposomes containing acidic phospholipids (phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid or cardiolipin) or phosphatidylethanolamine. Both membrane-active peptides, cardiotoxin and thionin, inhibited the PLA2 activity on phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The activities of the enzymes were profoundly enhanced on thionin-pretreated liposomes containing phosphatidylserine, and on cardiotoxin-pretreated liposomes containing cardiolipin or phosphatidic acid. Both cardiotoxin and thionin facilitated the cytolytic activities of PLA2 on both human and mouse lymphocytes. Cytolytic activity correlated well with esterase activity. It is proposed that the complex dynamic structure of cell membranes renders a variety of substrate configurations that transiently affect PLA2 activity.
Synthesis of Cyclopentadienyl-, Indenyl-, and Fluorenylbis(pentafluorophenyl)boranes as Ligands in Titanium and Zirconium Half-Sandwich Complexes. The Crystal Structures of C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>9</sub>B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>·<i>t</i>-BuNH<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>13</sub>H<sub>8</sub>SiMe<sub>3</sub>B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, and {η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}TiCl<sub>3</sub> (1997)

Bis(pentafluorophenyl)boron fluoride (C6F5)2BF·OEt2 (1), readily accessible from BF3·OEt2 and 2 equiv of C6F5MgBr, reacts with fluorenyllithium to give (Flu)B(C6F5)2 (4), while the reaction with indenyllithium leads to the regioisomers 1- and 2-IndB(C6F5)2 5 and 6, which are separated by fractional crystallization. 4 and 5 form crystalline adducts with tert-butylamine. The trimethylsilyl derivatives Flu(SiMe3)B(C6F5)2 (9) and Ind(SiMe3)B(C6F5)2 (10) are similarly prepared. Heating (C6F5)2BF·OEt2 leads to ether cleavage and formation of (C6F5)2BOEt. Treatment of 5 and 6 with Zr(NMe2)4 at room temperature gives indenylzirconium amido half-sandwich complexes; however, the reaction is accompanied by the unexpected exchange of one boron-C6F5 substituent by NMe2, to form 1- and 2-{C9H6B(C6F5)(NMe2)}Zr(NMe2)3. Reaction with SiClMe3 affords the trichlorides 1- and 2-{C9H6B(C6F5)(NMe2)}ZrCl3. The NMe2 substituent reduces the Lewis acidity of boron, so that donor ligands such as THF or DME coordinate exclusively to zirconium. Whereas 9 and 10 fail to react with group 4 metal chlorides, the cyclopentadienylborane C5H4(SiMe3)B(C6F5)2 undergoes smooth dehalosilylation with TiCl4 to give {C5H4B(C6F5)2}TiCl3. Both 2-{C9H6B(C6F5)(NMe2)}ZrCl3 and {C5H4B(C6F5)2}TiCl3 in the presence of low concentrations of AlEt3 are active ethene polymerization catalysts, while under comparable conditions mixtures of AlEt3 and either IndZrCl3 or CpTiCl3 are inactive. The molecular structures of (Flu)B(C6F5)2·NH2CMe3, Flu(SiMe3)B(C6F5)2, and {C5H4B(C6F5)2}TiCl3 have been determined by X-ray diffraction.