gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bootstrap investigation of the stability of a cox regression model (1989)

We describe a bootstrap investigation of the stability of a Cox proportional hazards regression model resulting from the analysis of a clinical trial of azathioprine versus placebo in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. We have considered stability to refer both to the choice of variables included in the model and, more importantly, to the predictive ability of the model. In stepwise Cox regression analyses of 100 bootstrap samples using 17 candidate variables, the most frequently selected variables were those selected in the original analysis, and no other important variable was identified. Thus there was no reason to doubt the model obtained in the original analysis. For each patient in the trial, bootstrap confidence intervals were constructed for the estimated probability of surviving two years. It is shown graphically that these intervals are markedly wider than those obtained from the original model.
On the Clustering of Head-Related Transfer Functions Used for 3-D Sound Localization (2003)

Head-related transfer functions (HRTFs) serve the increasingly dominant role of implementation 3-D audio systems, which have been realized in some commercial applications. However, the cost of a 3-D audio system cannot be brought down because the efficiency of computation, the size of memory, and the synthesis of unmeasured HRTFs remain to be made better. This paper presents a way to moderate the memory requirement and computational complexity in order to reduce the cost of a 3-D audio system. We employ the library of HRTF measurements called Knowles Electronics Mannequin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) as the original data [8]. First of all, each HRTF measurement has to be approximated in the minimum phase, and the length of the HRTF is limited by use of a modified Hamming window function, if necessary. Second, we propose an improved LBG-based clustering algorithm to lower the huge number of HRTFs. During the clustering, each HRTF is represented by its power cepstrum. Only portions of the HRTFs are reserved, and the others are neglected on condition that the minimal average mismatch distance between measured and synthesized HRTFs is achieved. Before applying localization of 3-D sounds, both unmeasured and removed HRTFs can be synthesized by linear interpolation and interaural time difference insertion. Experimental results reveal that the average and the maximum mismatch distances deriving from our improved LBG-based clustering method are less than those from the uniform clustering and LBG-based clustering methods [13].
Unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in the blood of bitches with false pregnancy and pyometra (1975)

The changes in total unconjugated oestrogen and progesterone concentrations in the peripheral blood of one bitch throughout a false pregnancy were measured. The levels of these hormones detected in 11 bitches when examined during a false pregnancy, and in 13 other bitches with pyometa are also reported. Oestrogen and progesterone concentrations were within normal limits in both of these conditions where single samples were obtained, but the bitch with false pregnancy studied in detail showed a raised oestrogen level during metoestrus. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to previous studies on the aetiology of false pregnancy and pyometra.
Management Information Base for Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) (2004)

This memo defines a portion of the Management Information Base (MIB)
module for use with network management protocols in the Internet
community. In particular, it describes a set of managed objects that
are used to manage Telephony Routing over IP (TRIP) devices.
[STANDARDS-TRACK]
An Analysis Of Manipulator Force Control Strategies Applied To An Experimentally Derived Model (2005)

This paper presents a complete overview of basic strategies that have been proposed for force control of robot manipulators. First, the model of the plant to be controlled is reviewed. Next, the strategies are divided into force-based and position-ba9ed categories, according to previously reported implementations. Each of the controller types within these categories are analyzed, and predictions of stability and efficacy are made. Then it is shown that these two categories are actually the same, and this recognition leads to the concept of a novel second order low pass filter controller. All of the predictions that result from this analysis have been experimentally confirmed. Among the contributions presented here is a comprehensive explanation of why integral gain control is the best method of force control for manipula t om.
Superoxide-dependent depletion of reduced glutathione by L-DOPA and dopamine. Relevance to Parkinsonʼs disease (1995)

The mechanism of nigral cell death in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown, but it is increasingly proposed that free radical reactions are important in the disease pathology. One of the most striking features of PD is an approximate 40% decrease in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) which occurs early in the development of the disease. We describe a possible mechanism of GSH depletion which results from the reaction of L-DOPA and dopamine with the superoxide free radical (O2.-) and leads to a very rapid loss of GSH.
What is Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2005)

This chapter provides a definition of Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Orthodox Medicine and deals with the fundamental criteria at the basis of the CAM healing philosophy. The current usage of CAM and its philosophy sets the scene for the conflicts with OM discussed in later chapters.
Large Stark shift of the interband transition in two-step quantum wells (1993)

Large and near-linear Stark shifts of the electron-heavy-hole ground state excitonic transition were observed in photoluminescence (PL) measurements for a two-step quantum-well (TSQW) structure. The Stark shift was 40 meV while a corresponding square well shifted only 20 meV at a field of 70 kV/cm. The observed Stark shifts agreed well with calculations. The large Stark shift of the TSQW was achieved on a global-to-local state transition realized via tailor-made quantum well (QW) parameters. This structure is an ideal candidate for optoelectronic devices based on the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Touch&Screen (2016)

We present Touch&Screen, a wide set of interaction techniques for the remote control of widgets (menu, lists, videos, maps etc.) for large screens through smartphones. After presenting the design of these widgets and the related control interfaces of the smartphone, we evaluated the interaction through two user studies. The first study (48 users) aimed to evaluate the user experience (naturalness, usability, etc.) and spontaneity of use. The second user study (12 users) aimed to evaluate our interaction techniques comparatively with direct touch and a commercial smartphone application designed to control cursors on distant screens. The evaluation results show that Touch&Screen is faster and more natural than existing solutions to control distant screens.
Water Penetration through a Superhydrophobic Mesh During a Drop Impact (2017)

When a water drop impacts a mesh having submillimeter pores, a part of the drop penetrates through the mesh if the impact velocity is sufficiently large. Here we show that different surface wettability, i.e., hydrophobicity and superhydrophobicity, leads to different water penetration dynamics on a mesh during drop impact. We show, despite the water repellence of a superhydrophobic surface, that water can penetrate a superhydrophobic mesh more easily (i.e., at a lower impact velocity) over a hydrophobic mesh via a penetration mechanism unique to a superhydrophobic mesh. On a superhydrophobic mesh, the water penetration can occur during the drop recoil stage, which appears at a lower impact velocity than the critical impact velocity for water penetration right upon impact. We propose that this unique water penetration on a superhydrophobic mesh can be attributed to the combination of the hydrodynamic focusing and the momentum transfer from the water drop when it is about to bounce off the surface, at which point the water drop retrieves most of its kinetic energy due to the negligible friction on superhydrophobic surfaces.
A reliable multicast protocol in networks with mobile hosts (2002)

As portable computing devices become more popular, increasing the wide use of group communication applications that need reliable delivery of data, the need for a reliable multicast protocol in networks with mobile hosts also increases. The highest protocol for reliable multicast in networks with mobile hosts uses an ack-based approach and consists of mobile support stations (MSSs) and supervisor hosts (SHs). The MSSs communicate with the mobile hosts within their cells via wireless links and forward ack messages from mobile hosts to SHs. Each SH controls a group of neighboring MSSs and delivers one ack message to the sender, after collecting ack messages from MSSs, each of which contains some mobile hosts joined in a multicast group. In this protocol, if the mobile hosts within the domain of particular SHs are continuously crowded according to the regional property such as downtowns and suburbs, an ack implosion of these SHs can occur due to a number of ack messages from mobile hosts. Therefore, the multicast group communication is limited by the imbalanced processing overhead among SHs. To solve the above problem, we propose an efficient reliable multicast protocol in networks with mobile hosts.
On the minimum distance of some quadratic residue codes (Corresp.) (1984)

We find the minimum distances of the binary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(113, 57)</tex> , and ternary <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(37, 19), (61, 31), (71, 36)</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(73, 37)</tex> quadratic residue codes and the corresponding extended codes. These distances are <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15, 10, 11, 17</tex> , and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</tex> , respectively, for the nonextended codes and are increased by one for the respective extended codes. We also characterize the minimum weight codewords for the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(113, 57)</tex> binary code and its extended counterpart.
Characterisation of magnetostrictive materials with computer modelling (1993)

A plane wave model (PWM) which enables magnetostriction parameters to be determined is fitted to simulated and experimental impedance curves, including an analysis of the inaccuracies due to random and systematic error. The PWM method is applied to a free standing rod of Terfenol-D. The magnetomechanical coupling coefficient, k/sub 33/, is found to have a maximum value of 0.509+or-0.002 at 25 kAM/sup -1/. In comparison a resonance technique which only employs values for the resonance (f/sub R/) and antiresonance (f/sub A/) frequencies, with a correction for the skin effect, yields values for k/sub 33/ which are 15% larger. The difference is attributable to frequency dependent losses which influence not only f/sub R/ and f/sub A/ but the shape of the whole resonance curve.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lateral root emergence: a difficult birth (2009)

Lateral root initiation takes place deep within the parental root, requiring new primordia to break through the overlying tissues before they emerge into the soil. Lateral root emergence has been well described at the cellular level but, until recently, the molecular mechanisms involved were unclear. Scientists in the 19th and 20th centuries hypothesized that the cell wall of the overlying tissues was modified by enzymes released by cells within the primordium. Recent studies in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana revealed the existence of a complex transcellular signalling network regulated by auxin that controls cell wall remodelling in cells overlying lateral root primordia. In the first part of this review, early observations on the cell biology of lateral root formation and emergence are summarized, and in the following two sections recent observations in Arabidopsis that led to the identification of the molecular mechanism regulating lateral root emergence are described.
Use of neural networks for sensor failure detection in a control system (1990)

The use of the back-propagation neural network for sensor failure detection in process control systems is discussed. The back-propagation paradigm and traditional fault detection algorithms such as the finite integral squared-error method and the nearest-neighbor method are discussed. The algorithm is applied to the internal model control structure for a first-order linear time-invariant plant subject to high model uncertainty. Compared with traditional methods, the back-propagation technique is shown to be able to discern accurately the supercritical failures from their subcritical counterparts. The use of online adapted back-propagation fault detection systems in nonlinear plants is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of lumbar discitis using silicon nitride spinal spacers (2018)

The use of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as an antimicrobial spacer may lead to improved outcomes for patients with pyogenic discitis of the lumbar spine.
A fiber-optic dipping sensor for organic solvents in wastewater (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA fiber-optic dipping sensor for organic solvents in wastewaterF. L. Dickert, S. K. Schreiner, G. R. Mages, and Heinz. KimmelCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 2306–2309Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00195a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Charge variants characterization of a monoclonal antibody by ion exchange chromatography coupled on-line to native mass spectrometry: Case study after a long-term storage at +5 °C (2017)

Numerous putative post-translational modifications may induce variations of monoclonal antibodies charge distribution that can potentially affect their biological activity. The characterization and the monitoring of these charge variants are critical quality requirements to ensure stability and process consistency. Charge variants are usually characterized by preparative ion exchange chromatography, collection of fractions and subsequent reverse-phase liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. While this process can be automatized by on-line two-dimensional chromatography, it remains often complex and time consuming. For this reason, a straightforward on-line charge variant analysis method is highly desirable and analytical laboratories are actively pursuing efforts to overcome this challenge. In this study, a mixed mode ion exchange chromatographic method using volatile salts and coupled on-line to native mass spectrometry was developed in association with a middle-up approach for a detailed characterization of monoclonal antibodies charge variants. An aged monoclonal antibody, presenting a complex charge variant profile was successfully investigated by this methodology as a case study. Results demonstrate that deamidation of the heavy chain was the major degradation pathway after long-term storage at 5°C while oxidation was rather low. The method was also very useful to identify all the clipped forms of the antibody.
Achieving a Predictable 24-Hour Return to Normal Activities after Breast Augmentation (2002)

The purpose of this study was to develop techniques to predictably return patients receiving inframammary and axillary, subpectoral breast augmentation to full normal activities within 24 hours of their primary breast augmentation. This 5-year study applies motion and time study principles to refine practices in augmentation mammaplasty to reduce perioperative morbidity and shorten patient recovery. Retrospective data for operative times, medications administered, recovery times, times to discharge, and time to return to normal activities were collected from patient chart reviews and patient contacts from 1982 to 1984 (group 1, n = 16, axillary partial retropectoral augmentations) and 1990 (group 2, n = 16, inframammary partial retropectoral augmentations). Videotapes from operative procedures of groups 1 and 2 were analyzed with macromotion and micromotion study principles, and tables of events were formulated for all operating room personnel, detailing every step of each function they performed. The events tables were then refined into detailed scripts by using motion and time study principles. Scripts were used for surgeon and personnel training and for reference during operative procedures. Extensive changes in all aspects of patient care, including patient education, preparation, operative planning, implant selection, anesthesia techniques, surgical techniques, instrumentation, and postoperative care derived from data and videotape studies of patients in groups 1 and 2 were then applied to a third group of patients (group 3), collecting prospective data over a 3-year period (1998 to 2000). Group 3 (n = 627) data included timed events, medications, and time to return to normal activities. Patients in group 3 had substantially shorter anesthesia, operation, and postanesthesia care unit times and time to discharge and time to return to normal activities compared with groups 1 and 2. Of the patients in group 3, 96 percent were able to return to normal activities, lift their arms above their heads, lift normal-weight objects, and drive their car without any narcotic medications, drains, bandages, special bras, or other adjunctive treatments within 24 hours after their partial retropectoral breast augmentation. Applying motion and time study principles to analysis and refinement of surgeon and personnel actions and surgical techniques resulted in a substantial reduction in perioperative morbidity and a simpler, shorter 24-hour return to normal activities without intercostal blocks, narcotic pain medications, drains, bandages, or other adjunctive devices in 96 percent of 627 augmentation patients.
Ring stability of the PROFIBUS token-passing protocol over error-prone links (2001)

The PROFIBUS is a well-known and widely used fieldbus. On the medium access control layer, it employs a token-passing protocol where all active stations form a logical ring on top of a broadcast medium. This protocol is designed to deliver real-time data transmission services in harsh industrial environments. A necessary prerequisite for timeliness and quality of service is the ring membership stability of the logical ring in the presence of transmission errors, since only ring members are allowed to transmit data. In this paper, the ring membership stability under high error rates and using different error models is analyzed. The choice of the error behavior is in turn inspired by properties of possible future transmission technologies, e.g., wireless LANs. It is shown that the protocol has serious stability problems. To attack these problems, two changes to the protocol and its parameters are proposed, which can be implemented in a purely local manner. We show that they significantly improve ring stability.
Volume-expansion polymerization for UV-curable nanoimprinting (2017)

In ultraviolet (UV) nanoimprinting, polymerization of liquid monomers is generally accompanied by a decrease in the resist volume, which often causes problems such as residual stress, pattern distortion, and replication defects. Thus, it is highly desirable to reduce or even eliminate volume shrinkage during monomer polymerization in UV nanoimprinting. To achieve this goal, monomers that undergo volume expansion during polymerization are added into the resist formulation. Spiro-orthocarbonate is a monomer that expands upon cationic ring-opening polymerization. By mixing the spiro-orthocarbonate monomer with a common epoxy monomer, the authors achieved a zero volume change after curing. It is also possible to achieve volume expansion in this new resist formulation. The residual stress in the cured resist structures is also effectively mitigated. It is expected that elimination of volume shrinkage in UV nanoimprinting can address important issues such as pattern fidelity and high demolding forces.
Reverse-Genetic Analysis of the Two Biotin-Containing Subunit Genes of the Heteromeric Acetyl-Coenzyme A Carboxylase in Arabidopsis Indicates a Unidirectional Functional Redundancy       (2010)

The heteromeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase catalyzes the first and committed reaction of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis in plastids. This enzyme is composed of four subunits: biotin carboxyl-carrier protein (BCCP), biotin carboxylase, α-carboxyltransferase, and β-carboxyltransferase. With the exception of BCCP, single-copy genes encode these subunits in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Reverse-genetic approaches were used to individually investigate the physiological significance of the two paralogous BCCP-coding genes, CAC1A (At5g16390, codes for BCCP1) and CAC1B (At5g15530, codes for BCCP2). Transfer DNA insertional alleles that completely eliminate the accumulation of BCCP2 have no perceptible effect on plant growth, development, and fatty acid accumulation. In contrast, transfer DNA insertional null allele of the CAC1A gene is embryo lethal and deleteriously affects pollen development and germination. During seed development the effect of the cac1a null allele first becomes apparent at 3-d after flowering, when the synchronous development of the endosperm and embryo is disrupted. Characterization of CAC1A antisense plants showed that reducing BCCP1 accumulation to 35% of wild-type levels, decreases fatty acid accumulation and severely affects normal vegetative plant growth. Detailed expression analysis by a suite of approaches including in situ RNA hybridization, promoter:reporter transgene expression, and quantitative western blotting reveal that the expression of CAC1B is limited to a subset of the CAC1A-expressing tissues, and CAC1B expression levels are only about one-fifth of CAC1A expression levels. Therefore, a likely explanation for the observed unidirectional redundancy between these two paralogous genes is that whereas the BCCP1 protein can compensate for the lack of BCCP2, the absence of BCCP1 cannot be tolerated as BCCP2 levels are not sufficient to support heteromeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase activity at a level that is required for normal growth and development.