gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Initial ranging code detector for IEEE 802.16-compliant TDD OFDMA systems (2011)

Initial ranging (IR) involves detecting the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) code transmitted by the new subscriber station (SS). In this paper, we formulate a simple detector using the Neyman-Pearson theorem (NPT) for single-code detection in IEEE 802.16-compliant time division duplex (TDD) orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems. Exploiting the BPSK structure in the ranging code together with the time-invariant channel, a novel method for separating multiple ranging codes is presented. The NPT-based detector is then used to detect the separated codes. The proposed detector is computationally simple and has favorable detection performance for practical implementation.
In vitro platelet release by rat megakaryocytes: effect of metabolic inhibitors and cytoskeletal disrupting agents. (1987)

Development of an in vitro visual assay facilitated the study of large numbers of megakaryocytes undergoing proplatelet formation in short-term cultures. Approximately 9% of megakaryocytes formed platelets during a 24-hour period. In the presence of an inhibitor of anaerobic glycolysis (NaF), proplatelet formation was inhibited, whereas inhibitors of respiration (NaCN) did not significantly (P greater than 0.05) decrease proplatelet formation. Presence of the microtubule-disrupting agents colchicine and vincristine sulfate in culture medium inhibited proplatelet formation, whereas the microfilament-disrupting agent cytochalasin B had a less pronounced inhibition.
Hotspot mixing: a new principle of heterodyne mixing in a superconducting hot-electron bolometer (2002)

We present the hotspot mixing as a new principle of heterodyne mixing in a superconducting hot-electron bolometer. Applying DC and LO powers to a superconducting bridge generates a hotspot within the bridge. The size of the hotspot, and thus the resistance of the bridge, oscillates with the heating power at intermediate frequency. By solving heat-conducting equations, we can predict the mixer performances, such as the conversion efficiency, as a function of dc bias voltage, LO power, or the bath temperature.
Waiting Time Distributions for Processor-Sharing Systems (1970)

A basic probability model that has arisen in the study of time-shared or multiprogrammed systems is the so-called processor-sharing model. Ill this model it is assumed that the processor is shared simultaneously by each unit in the system (e.g. job or program in comput er systems, or message in communication systems). In particular, if there are n units in the system, then any given unit is being processed at a rate which is (1/n)-th the rate at which it would be processed if it had the system to itself.
Two‐Finger Gestures for 6DOF Manipulation of 3D Objects (2012)

Abstract Multitouch input devices afford effective solutions for 6DOF (six Degrees of Freedom) manipulation of 3D objects. Mainly focusing on large‐size multitouch screens, existing solutions typically require at least three fingers and bimanual interaction for full 6DOF manipulation. However, single‐hand, two‐finger operations are preferred especially for portable multitouch devices (e.g., popular smartphones) to cause less hand occlusion and relieve the other hand for necessary tasks like holding the devices. Our key idea for full 6DOF control using only two contact fingers is to introduce two manipulation modes and two corresponding gestures by examining the moving characteristics of the two fingers, instead of the number of fingers or the directness of individual fingers as done in previous works. We solve the resulting binary classification problem using a learning‐based approach. Our pilot experiment shows that with only two contact fingers and typically unimanual interaction, our technique is comparable to or even better than the state‐of‐the‐art techniques.
Bifunctional Green Iridium Dendrimers with a “Self‐Host” Feature for Highly Efficient Nondoped Electrophosphorescent Devices (2009)

Better without doping: Use of a dendron with a high carbazole density around an iridium core has been found to improve the performance of nondoped electrophosphorescent devices more effectively than the use of higher-generation dendrimers. A promising efficiency as high as 45.7 cd A−1 (13.4 %) together with a high luminance is obtained for 6 B-G1 (see picture). These values are very close to those of the corresponding doped device. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Thirty-fifth annual meeting of the International Whaling Commission, July 1983 (1984)

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Modelling the shape, length and radiation characteristics of bond wire antennas (2012)

Novel analytical models for accurately modelling the shape and length of bond wires in dependence on the loop height (Lhmax), distance between the bonding positions (dbp) and the thickness of the metallisation (tmet.) on which the wires are bonded, are derived in this work. These analytical models, which are based on the Gaussian distribution function, are applied to (i) develop realistic three-dimensional electromagnetic models of bond wire antennas and study their radiation characteristics and (ii) study the impact of process tolerances of bond wire parameters on the performance of the antennas. For these studies, a 42 GHz half-loop bond wire antenna is considered as an example. It is designed, fabricated and measured. Our results reveal that dbp has the most significant impact on the antenna performance. For example, −10% fluctuations in dbp causes ∼2.5 GHz shift in the resonance frequency and 24% reduction in the maximum realised gain. Since this may completely detune the antenna, it is recommended that fluctuations in dbp should be kept below 10% during the manufacturing process. Good correlation is obtained between measurement and simulation results.
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Elements: <sup>99</sup>Tc (1992)

In the current social climate of growing environmental responsibility and concern, the public interest demands that the nuclear industry effectively monitor the environmental consequences of fuel production, reprocessing, and waste disposal. Furthermore, for protection of worker safety and national security, operational importance is also placed upon controlling production and disposal of synthetic elements. Therefore, the selection of appropriate analytical techniques for environmental surveillance and process control of radionuclides must satisfy these criteria.
Structural Basis for the Inhibition Mechanism of Human Cystathionine γ-Lyase, an Enzyme Responsible for the Production of H2S (2008)

Impairment of the formation or action of hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), an endogenous gasotransmitter, is associated with various diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, septic and hemorrhagic shock, and pancreatitis. Cystathionine beta-synthase and cystathionine gamma-lyase (CSE) are two pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes largely responsible for the production of H(2)S in mammals. Inhibition of CSE by DL-propargylglycine (PAG) has been shown to alleviate disease symptoms. Here we report crystal structures of human CSE (hCSE), in apo form, and in complex with PLP and PLP.PAG. Structural characterization, combined with biophysical and biochemical studies, provides new insights into the inhibition mechanism of hCSE-mediated production of H(2)S. Transition from the open form of apo-hCSE to the closed PLP-bound form reveals large conformational changes hitherto not reported. In addition, PAG binds hCSE via a unique binding mode, not observed in PAG-enzyme complexes previously. The interaction of PAG-hCSE was not predicted based on existing information from known PAG complexes. The structure of hCSE.PLP.PAG complex highlights the particular importance of Tyr(114) in hCSE and the mechanism of PAG-dependent inhibition of hCSE. These results provide significant insights, which will facilitate the structure-based design of novel inhibitors of hCSE to aid in the development of therapies for diseases involving disorders of sulfur metabolism.
Serum levels of cancer‐associated antigen 195, a circulating marker for colon cancer, and its relationship to carcinoembryonic antigen (1988)

Abstract CA‐195 is a circulating cancer‐associated antigen defined by its reactivity with monoclonal antibody CC3C 195. The epitope with which this antibody reacts has previously been shown to be the Lewis A blood group antigen and its sialylated derivative. By using CC3C 195 as both capture and tracer antibody, serum levels of CA‐195 were measured with an immunoradiometric assay. CA‐195 was found to be elevated in the sera of 36 of 68 advanced colon cancer patients, 12 of 26 advanced liver cancer patients, 9 of 30 advanced breast cancer patients, and 4 of 19 advanced lung cancer patients. This is in contrast to healthy individuals, in which only 11 of 203 had elevated CA‐195, and to benign colon disease patients, which had 10 of 76 elevated. Benign breast disease patients, benign liver disease patients, and benign lung disease patients had 5 of 30, 6 of 25, and 2 of 30 sera with elevated CA‐195 levels, respectively. This elevation of serum CA‐195 was statistically significant in colon cancer patients compared to benign colon patients (P<.0001) or healthy individuals (P<.0001), as well as in liver cancer patients compared to benign liver patients (P < .025). Elevations in other conditions studied were not statistically significant. A separate panel of sera from staged, pretreatment colon cancer patients was also tested, and elevated CA‐195 was found in 6 of 17, 17 of 54, 10 of 18, and 12 of 17 patients which were staged Dukes A, 8, C, and D, respectively. Dukes C and/or D patients were significantly elevated compared to Dukes A and/or 6 (P<.0035), and all stages were significantly elevated compared to sera from healthy individuals (P<.0001). This indicates that the incidence of CA‐195 elevation increases as the disease progresses and suggests that CA‐195 may be a useful marker at all stages. Anticarcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and anti CA‐195‐coated beads were used to immunodeplete specimens; CA‐195 epitopes were found to be present on the same molecular structure as CEA epitopes in tumors but not in patients' sera. This confirms the nature of CA‐195 as a separate cancer marker in patients' sera and suggests that cleavage of CA‐195 and CEA epitopes from a larger precursor moiety occurs prior to secretion into the serum.
Subband based CCITT compatible coding for HDTV conferencing (2002)

A motion-compensated interframe subband coding algorithm suitable for a wide range of video coding applications is described. In this approach, the spectrum of each frame of video signals is first decomposed into smaller frequency bands in which each can be coded accordingly. For the best performance a combination of hybrid pulse-code modulation discrete cosine transform/differential pulse-code modulation (DCT/DPCM), interframe DPCM, and interframe pulse-code modulation (PCM) was considered. The subband coder is designed to encode the video in two separate layers for a dual-quality video representation. Simulations were performed using HDTV sequences as input. For two-layer structure coding, results are given at an average rate of 1.5 Mb/s for the basic layer and 5.62 Mb/s for the full HDTV resolution. Statistical multiplexing using two-level scheduling/priority is also considered and the effect of cell dropping on the quality of the reconstructed video signal is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Estrogen Biosynthesis and Action in Ovarian Cancer (2014)

Ovarian cancer is still the deadliest of all gynecologic malignancies in women worldwide. This is attributed to two main features of these tumors, namely, (i) a diagnosis at an advanced tumor stage, and, (ii) the rapid onset of resistance to standard chemotherapy after an initial successful therapy with platin- and taxol-derivatives. Therefore, novel targets for an early diagnosis and better treatment options for these tumors are urgently needed. Epidemiological data show that induction and biology of ovarian cancer is related to life-time estrogen exposure. Also experimental data reveal that ovarian cancer cells share a number of estrogen regulated pathways with other hormone-dependent cancers, e.g., breast and endometrial cancer. However, ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous disease and the subtypes are quite different with respect to mutations, origins, behaviors, markers, and prognosis and respond differently to standard chemotherapy. Therefore, a characterization of ovarian cancer subtypes may lead to better treatment options for the various subtypes and in particular for the most frequently observed high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. For this intention, further studies on estrogen-related pathways and estrogen formation in ovarian cancer cells are warranted. The review gives an overview on ovarian cancer subtypes and explains the role of estrogen in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, enzymes active to synthesize and metabolize estrogens are described and strategies to target these pathways are discussed.
Symptom Dimensions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Factor Analysis on a Clinician-Rated Scale and a Self-Report Measure (2004)

Although obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is regarded as a unitary nosological entity, it encompasses a rich variety of heterogeneous mental and behavioural phenomena. The identification of clinical subtypes within this broad concept has been a focus of attention in recent years. In the present study, we administered a clinician-rated scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) with the Y-BOCS Symptom Checklist (Y-BOCS CL), as well as a self-report questionnaire, the Padua Inventory revised (PI-R), to 150 outpatients with OCD. A principal component analysis on the Y-BOCS CL, along with the PI-R, identified 6 consistent symptom clusters: (1) contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions, (2) sexual/religious/somatic obsessions and checking, (3) high risk assessment and checking, (4) impulses and fear of loss of control, (5) need for symmetry and exactness, and ordering and counting compulsions, and finally (6) rumination. The Y-BOCS CL and PI-R showed great overlap and consistency regarding content and severity of the OCD symptoms. On inspection of items with identical content, only half of the items showed significant agreement. Both inventories have unique factors: rumination is represented solely in the PI-R, somatic obsessions and checking solely in the Y-BOCS CL. This means that the use of both clinician-administered and self-report measures is recommended, so that the entire spectrum of symptoms is represented.
Effects of extracellular matrixes and growth factors on the hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (2008)

Hepatocytes derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential cell source for regenerative medicine. However, the definitive factors that are responsible for hepatic differentiation of hESCs remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate the effects of various extracellular matrixes and growth factors on endodermal differentiation and to optimize the culture conditions to induce hepatic differentiation of hESCs. The transgene vector that contained enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of human alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) enhancer/promoter was transfected into hESC lines. The transgenic hESCs were cultured on extracellular matrixes (collagen type I, laminin, and Matrigel) in the presence or absence of growth factors including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), bone morphogenetic protein 4, fibroblast growth factor 4, all-trans-retinoic acid, and activin A. The expression of AFP-EGFP was measured by flow cytometry. The culture on Matrigel-coated dishes with 100 ng/ml activin A showed 19.5% of EGFP-positive proportions. Moreover, the sequential addition of 100 ng/ml activin A and 20 ng/ml HGF resulted in 21.7% and produced a higher yield of EGFP-positive cells than the group stimulated by activin A alone. RT-PCR and immunocytochemical staining revealed these EGFP-positive cells to differentiate into mesendoderm-like cells by use of activin A and then into hepatic endoderm cells by use of HGF. Two other hESC lines also differentiated into endoderm on the hepatic lineage by our method. In conclusion, we therefore found this protocol to effectively differentiate multiple hESC lines to early hepatocytes using activin A and HGF on Matrigel.
Estrogen Regulation of the Avian Transferrin Gene in Transgenic Mice (1986)

The intact chicken transferrin gene was microinjected into fertilized mouse eggs, and the resulting transgenic animals were used to produce lines of mice containing integrated copies of the chicken gene. The levels of expression of the chicken gene were quantitated in various tissues, and the response of the gene to estrogen stimulation was measured after chronic or acute estrogen exposure. Two of the three mouse lines studied maintained stable levels of expression in successive generations of offspring, and the third line had two- to threefold-higher levels in offspring than in the original parent. In the third line, the original transgenic parent was found to be a mosaic. The chicken transferrin gene was expressed at 10- to 20-fold-higher levels in liver than in any other tissue; however, the levels of chicken transferrin mRNA in kidney were higher than expected, indicating that the tissue specificity was only partial. In all three lines, the foreign gene was induced by estrogen administration. After 10 days of estrogen administration, there was a twofold increase in both transferrin mRNA and transcription of the chicken transferrin gene. A single injection of estradiol led to a fourfold increase in transferrin mRNA synthesis at 4h. As a control the levels of mouse albumin were measured, and both the level of albumin mRNA and its rate of transcription declined about twofold after estrogen administration. Our results indicate that the intact chicken gene with 2.2 kilobases of 5' flanking sequence contains signals for both tissue specificity and steroid regulation that can be recognized in mice.
101. Toxicology and Biodistribution Studies of a Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus 2 (rAAV2) Alpha-1 Antitrypsin (AAT) Vector (2004)

A series of safety and biodistribution studies were undertaken to support the development of a muscle-based gene therapy system for AAT deficiency. AAT is the primary circulating serum proteinase inhibitor, and its deficiency can result in emphysema. The test article that was used in this toxicology study was rAAV serotype 2 with the CMV/Beta Actin promoter driving expression of the human AAT gene. There were 4 dosing arms in the primary toxicology study (PTS) with sacrifice time points being at 21 days and 90 days post vector administration. In the biodistribution study (BDS), there were 5 dosing arms with duplicate doses given intramuscularly and intravenously. The sacrifice time point for this study was at 60 days post vector administration. The PTS was performed in 48-C57/Bl6 mice (24M/24F) with the primary safety endpoint being the histopathologic examination of organs collected at necropsy. CBC and serum chemistry analyses were also performed. Gene transfer efficiency was evaluated from gDNA isolated from organs and whole blood by real-time PCR. The BDS was performed in 36-C57/Bl6 mice (18M/18F) to determine the potential for vector dissemination following test article administration IV and IM. In the PTS, no abnormalities were noted in the CBC and serum chemistry data among test article and control article study arms. Histopathology results were essentially normal with no vector related findings. Real Time PCR indicated that vector DNA was present in the peripheral blood 24 hours post administration, but decreased to near baseline levels at the time of sacrifice. Vector DNA was not detectable in gonad tissue. Real Time PCR results in the BDS also indicated vector DNA present in peripheral blood at 24 hours post vector administration. At sacrifice, IV injected mice vector levels were higher than IM injected mice. Vector DNA was found in skeletal muscle, lung, heart, liver, diaphragm, kidney and pancreas at the time of necropsy via IM administration at dose dependent levels. No vector DNA was detected in the skeletal muscle following IV administration, but substantial amounts were found in other organs. Gonads were negative for vector DNA with both IM and IV administration indicating that the risk of germline transmission with our gene therapy vector would be relatively low.
Recovery in a shared disk parallel database system using DFeRAM (2002)

A nonvolatile memory called FeRAM (Ferroelectronic Random Access Memory) is one of the promising memory devices. This paper presents a dual plane FeRAM (DFeRAM) architecture for recovery in the shared disk parallel database system. This paper also presents a recovery algorithm based on a shadow paging method using a DFeRAM architecture. We compare the performance of the log based method and that of our method based on simulation results, which show that our method is better than the log based method when both methods use a nonvolatile memory.
iMapping (2010)

We present iMapping, a zooming based approach for visually organizing information objects. It was developed on top of semantic desktop technologies and especially targets the support of personal knowledge management. iMapping has been designed to combine the advantages of spatial hypertext and other proven visual mapping approaches like mind-mapping and concept mapping, which are incompatible in their original form. We describe the design and prototypical implementation of iMapping -- which is fundamentally based on deep zooming and nesting. iMapping bridges the gap between unstructured content like informal text notes and semantic models by allowing annotations with the whole range from vague associations to formal relations. First experimental evaluation of the iMapping user-interface approach indicates favorable user experience and functionality, compared with state-of-the-art Mind-Mapping software.
Monoclonal antibodies against an intracellular phospholipase A2 from rat liver and their cross-reactivity with other phospholipases A2 (1987)

The membrane-associated phospholipase A2 from rat liver mitochondria was solubilized and partially purified by AcA 54 gel filtration and Matrex gel blue A chromatography. The approximately 2500-fold purified preparation was injected into mice to prepare monoclonal antibodies against phospholipase A2 after fusion of spleen cells and mouse SP2/0 myeloma cells. Hybridoma supernatants were assayed for antibody production in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with partially purified phospholipase A2 as antigen. Positive clones were tested for their ability to bind phospholipase A2 in a specific immunoprecipitation assay involving protein-A--Sepharose to which rabbit anti-(mouse immunoglobulins) and monoclonal antibodies from hybridoma supernatants were complexed. Twelve clones producing antibodies that bound mitochondrial phospholipase A2 were identified. The binding of all of these antibodies to protein fractions eluted from AcA 54 and Matrex gel blue A columns coincided with the phospholipase A2 activity in these fractions. All monoclonal antibodies showed cross-reactivity with rat liver cytosolic and solubilized rat platelet phospholipase A2. Extracellular phospholipase A2 from rat and pig pancreas or Crotalus atrox were not recognized by the anti-(mitochondrial phospholipase A2) antibodies.