gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology, Development and Taxonomy of Loramyces (1987)

ABSTRACTLoramyces is a genus of freshwater Ascomycetes with two known species, L. juncicola and L. macrospora. Developmental and morphological studies show that Loramyces is best placed in the Helotiales, although it is usually classified in the Sphaeriales. Loramyces shows many adaptations to its exclusively aquatic environment, which have led to the difficulties in classification. The ascoma, which is surrounded by excipular hyphae at maturity, is wide open when immature. In mature ascomata, both the structure of the excipulum and of the paraphyses suggest affinity with the Helotiales. Ascus and ascospore characters are not comparable with those of any other genera and these features, in combination with the excipular characters, are such that the genus cannot be accommodated in any existing family, requiring that the family Loramycetaceae be validated for placement in the Helotiales. The anamorph of Loramyces juncicola, here referred to the form-genus Anguillospora, is described.Key Words: LoramycesAnguillosporaLoramycetaceaeaquatic fungiAscomycetesascomata development
Cell therapies for traumatic brain injury (2008)

Preliminary discoveries of the efficacy of cell therapy are currently being translated to clinical trials. Whereas a significant amount of work has been focused on cell therapy applications for a wide array of diseases, including cardiac disease, bone disease, hepatic disease, and cancer, there continues to be extraordinary anticipation that stem cells will advance the current therapeutic regimen for acute neurological disease. Traumatic brain injury is a devastating event for which current therapies are limited. In this report the authors discuss the current status of using adult stem cells to treat traumatic brain injury, including the basic cell types and potential mechanisms of action, preclinical data, and the initiation of clinical trials.
Environmental management and its impact on the operations function (1995)

Recently, corporations have been confronted with a number of global environmental challenges such as global warming, acid rain, depletion of natural resources, waste management, green consumerism and pollution prevention. There is growing pressure to deliver products and services which are environmentally compatible. A number of corporations such as Du Pont, 3M, AT&T, Xerox and Procter & Gamble are, therefore, integrating various environmental policies and programmes into their operations strategy and specific decisions concerning operations such as product design/planning, process technology selection, and quality management. Introduces the concepts of environmental management (EM) and argues that firms which do not recognize the implications of environmental problems on the operations function will not succeed in the competitive market. Various environmental management practices (such as implementing aggressive pollution‐prevention programmes, initiating environment‐related performance measures and developing green products and process technologies) provide opportunities to strengthen a firm′s distinctive competence in terms of operations objectives such as highest quality, lowest cost, best dependability, and greatest flexibility. Thus, EM gives a competitive advantage and develops new links between operations strategy and the corporate strategy (e.g. cost leadership and product differentiation).
SQL/XML is making good progress (2002)

Not very long ago, we discussed the creation of a new part of SQL, XML-Related Specifications (SQL/XML), in this column [1]. At the time, we referred to the work that had been done as "infrastructure". We are pleased to be able to say that significant progress has been made, and SQL/XML [2] is now going out for the first formal stage of processing, Final Committee Draft (FCD) ballot, in ISO/IEC JTC1.In our previous column, we described the mapping of SQL 〈identifier〉s to XML Names, SQL data types to XML Schema data types, and SQL values to XML values. There have been a few small corrections and enhancements in these areas, but for the most part the descriptions in our previous column are still accurate.Thc new work that we will discuss in this column comes in three parts. The first part provides a mapping from a single table, all tables in a schema, or all tables in a catalog to an XML document. The second of these parts includes the creation of an XML data type in SQL and adds functions that create values of this new type. These functions allow a user to produce XML from existing SQL data. Finally, the "infrastructure" work that we described in our previous article included the mapping of SQL's predefined data types to XML Schema data types. This mapping has been extended to include the mapping of domains, distinct types, row types, arrays, and multisets.The FCD ballot that we mentioned began in early April. This will allow the comments contained in the ballot responses to be discussed at the Editing Meeting in September or October of this year. We expect the Editing Meeting to recommend progression to Final Draft International Status (FDIS) ballot, which suggests that an International Standard will be published by the middle of 2003.
Spectral and photochromic properties of two long-chain spiropyranindoline monolayers at the air–solid interface (1980)

Some long-chain spiropyranindolines have been studied at the air–water and the air–solid interfaces. We have measured the surface pressure–area isotherms of these compounds and two of them are characterized by a solid film. We have also investigated the spectroscopic properties (uv–visible) of these spiropyranindolines in monolayer and in solution. The deposition of monolayers on quartz slides allowed the study of the photochromic properties of these compounds at the air–solid interface. The 3′,3′-dimethyl-1′-hexadecyl-6-nitrospiro(2H-1-benzopyran-2,2′-indoline), irradiated at 253.7 nm, showed the appearance of a new absorption band at 570 nm which varied in intensity when the number of monolayers and the time of irradiation were changed.
Effects of thrombopoietin and erythropoietin on platelet production in rebound‐thrombocytotic and normal mice (1979)

Abstract The effects of thrombopoietin‐rich (TSF‐rich) kidney cell culture medium and partially purified preparations of human urinary and step I sheep plasma erythropoietin (Ep) on platelet production in mice were determined. After TSF and Ep preparations had been injected into mice in rebound thrombocytosis and into normal mice, the rate of incorporation of Na 2 35 SO 4 into platelets was measured as an index of platelet production. TSF injections caused significant increases in platelet production of all the mice; however, greater effects were observed in rebound‐thrombocytotic mice than in normal mice. In rebound‐thrombocytotic mice, low dosages of Ep (0.25–1.0 units per mouse) significantly depressed percentage 35 S incorporation into platelets. The same low dosage of Ep did not alter platelet production rates in normal mice, but large doses (2.5–5.0 units per mouse) stimulated 35 S incorporation into platelets. Thus, these results show that Ep caused different responses in rebound‐thrombocytotic and normal mice. Endotoxin, injected in dosages previously shown to be present in Ep, gave responses similar to that of the low dosages of Ep, ie, depressed thrombocytopoiesis in rebound‐thrombocytotic mice but had no effect in normal mice. When two foreign proteins were injected in doses similar to the previously tested Ep protein content, platelet production was not stimulated. We conclude, therefore, that the thrombocytopoietic effects of Ep cannot be due to contamination with known humoral factors or foreign proteins.
The Research on RSS Filter for Indoor Positioning System Based on Wireless LANs (2011)

Recently, indoor positioning technology based on received signal strength in wireless networks are becoming more and more attractive. In this paper, we firstly introduced the experimental testbed in a typical office building. Then, we proposed the mechanism to improve the positioning accuracy by using five different filtering methods because of harsh multi-path environment and all kinds of disturbance in indoor areas. Thirdly, the experimental parameters of five filtering methods, called Limit Filter, Threshold Filter, Max Filter, MA Filter and Kalman Filter, were optimized and analyzed. Finally, we summarized the five filtering methods, and compared the performance of Limit Filter, Threshold Filter and Max Filter in detail. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed Limit Filter and Threshold Filter can increase the accuracy in 3 meters of 91% to 98%.
The development of Ge bottom cell for monolithic and stacked multi-junction applications (2002)

Ge solar cells have applications in space solar systems as well as terrestrial concentrator systems. Progress in fabrication of Ge cells to work under GaAs is described. While the fabrication of monolithic GaAs/Ge cells has not led to the theoretically predicted efficiencies, the Ge bottom cell still has applications in the monolithic stack. Currents achieved in Ge are sufficient for it to serve as a bottom cell of the three-junction GaAs/Ge stack. The diffusion length measured in Ge cells is sufficient to fabricate good cells. The effect of a BSR on electrical performance is considered. Radiation performance results for Ge cells are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalytic addition of alkyne C–H, amine N–H, and phosphine P–H bonds to carbodiimides: an efficient route to propiolamidines, guanidines, and phosphaguanidines (2008)

Various metal complexes (e.g., lanthanides, early transition metals, and alkali metals) can serve as catalyst precursors for the catalytic addition of alkyne C-H, amine N-H, and phosphine P-H bonds to carbodiimides, to give a new family of propiolamidines, guanidines, and phosphaguanidines, some of which were difficult to prepare previously. The catalytic reaction proceeds generally through nucleophilic addition of an M-ER (E=CR(1)R(2), NR(1), PR(1)) bond, which is formed by an acid-base reaction between a catalyst precursor and a RE-H bond, to a carbodiimide compound, followed by protonolysis of the resultant amidinate-(phospha)guanidinate species "{R'NC(ER)NR'}M" with RE-H.
Compact Intermediate States in Protein Folding (1995)

The number of observations of both stable and transient partially folded intermediates is now sufficient for us to assume that all proteins, under the appropriate conditions, will form such species. These intermediates are characterized by substantial secondary structure and little tertiary structure; a collapsed conformation more compact than the unfolded state; exposed hydrophobic surfaces, which lead to binding of hydrophobic dyes and a propensity to aggregate; and a heat capacity similar to that of the unfolded state. The term compact intermediates encompasses a broad range of conformations and degrees of folding and compactness: compact intermediates have no single, unique conformation, but rather a whole plethora of structures that range from being very similar to the native state to being substantially expanded and significantly unfolded. The properties of compact intermediates from different proteins, and in some cases from the same protein under different conditions, may be significantly different. Equilibrium compact intermediates may be good models for transient intermediates formed during folding.
A comparative assessment of some major quality awards (1995)

Searching for quantitative tools to monitor the attainment of TQM objectives, reviews the Japanese, European and American quality awards and discusses their significance to business. The procedures, assessment criteria and benefits of the Deming Application Prize (DP), European Quality Award (EQA) and Malcolm Baldrige Quality Awards (MB) are examined in some detail and compared against each other. It has been found that the DP focuses on the dissemination of company wide quality control, continuous improvement and relations with suppliers. Its most important aspect is the thorough application of statistical QC techniques. The MB accepts that quality is customer‐driven and therefore focuses on customer satisfaction, benchmarking, competitive comparisons with the industry average, the industry leader, and the principal competitors in the company’s key markets. The EQA focuses on the relations with the community, and customers’ and employees’ satisfaction. Finally, another major difference between the DP and the other two is that certain examination criteria such as human resource management, customer satisfaction, impact on society, and operational results are not included in the former.
Na<sup>+</sup>–Substrate Coupling in the Multidrug Antiporter NorM Probed with a Spin-Labeled Substrate (2013)

NorM of the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family of transporters couples the efflux of a broad range of hydrophobic molecules to an inward Na⁺ gradient across the cell membrane. Several crystal structures of MATE transporters revealed distinct substrate binding sites leading to differing models of the mechanism of ion-coupled substrate extrusion. In the experiments reported here, we observed that a spin-labeled derivative of daunorubicin, Ruboxyl, is transported by NorM from Vibrio cholerae. It is therefore ideal for characterizing mechanistically relevant binding interactions with NorM and directly addressing the coupling of ion and drug binding. Fluorescence and electron paramagnetic resonance experiments revealed that Ruboxyl binds to NorM with micromolar affinity and becomes immobilized upon binding, even in the presence of Na⁺. Using double electron-electron resonance spectroscopy, we determined that Ruboxyl binds to a single site on the periplasmic side of the protein. The presence of Na⁺ did not translocate the substrate to a second site as previously proposed. These experiments surprisingly show that Na⁺ does not affect the affinity or location of the substrate binding site on detergent-solubilized NorM, thus suggesting that additional factors beyond simple mutual exclusivity of binding, such as the presence of a Na⁺ gradient across the native membrane, govern Na⁺-drug coupling during antiport.
이병헌(李炳憲)의 금문경학적 『역경(易經)』 이해 - 태괘(泰卦)와 비괘(否卦)를 중심으로 - (2020)

진암(眞菴) 이병헌(李炳憲, 1870~1940)은 일제강점기 유학자로서, 금문경학(今文經學)의 측면에서 유가 경전을 해석하는 특징을 가지고 있었다. 그는 『역경(易經)』을 비롯하여, 『시경(詩經)』, 『서경(書經)』, 『예경(禮經)』 등에 대한 연구 성과를 남겼는데 특히 생애 만년에 『역경』 연구에 몰두한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 이병헌이 금문에 기초한 『역경』 해석을 중심으로 하여 그의 『역경』 연구가 가진 특징과 의미를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 그의 『역경』 관련 저작인 『역경금문고(易經今文考)』, 『수화개벽설(水火開闢說)』을 중심으로 하고 기타 『이병헌전집(李炳憲全集)』에 실린 관련 내용들을 중심으로 하여 살펴보고자 한다. 본 논문에서는 『역경』에 공자의 미언대의(微言大義)가 담겨 있다는 이병헌의 기본 전제에 기초하여, 『역경』 상경(上經)의 괘서(卦序) 가운데 특히 태괘(泰卦)와 비괘(否卦)가 지닌 의미를 살펴보고자 한다. 또한 『수화개벽설』에서 이병헌이 제시한 원세운회(元世運會)를 중심으로 하여 우임금 치수로 대표되는 태괘의 시대로부터 이병헌 당시의 비괘의 시대에 관한 그의 논의를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 통해 일제강점기의 유학자로서, 유가경전 특히 『역경』을 프레임으로 하여 사회와 역사, 세상을 바라보았던 이병헌의 고민과 시대에 대한 성찰을 살펴보고자 한다.
Functional foods in genomic medicine: a review of fermented papaya preparation research progress. (2012)

"Functional foods" represent an emerging opportunity and they will certainly play a consistent and important role in future too. Such a new perspective entirely depends on the growing attention paid by nutritionists to the development of new innovating solutions aiming at acting on organic systems as well as on more general topics relating to consumer good health conditions. Differently from the past, when mainly retrospective epidemiological studies or empirical experiences were carried out on single nutrients, such a new and growing interest by the scientific community follows research deeply oriented to clinics supplemented by an accurate study on nutrients, genomics and single nutritional requirement diagnostics. Already in 1993, the leading journal Nature published a report "Japan is exploring limits between food and medicine" (Swinbanks 1993). Clearly the success of "Functional foods" depends on the food industry capacity too of developing new effective products which on the one side meet any consumer request and on the other must be have positive effects on health, supported and validated by scientific research and therefore far beyond simple positive properties, as recently underlined in a meeting, organised by a no profit non governmental international association.
Generalized and localized biased hypermutation affecting the matrix gene of a measles virus strain that causes subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (1989)

The matrix (M) genes of Yamagata-1 strain subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus passaged in African green monkey kidney cells and human neuroblastoma cells displayed strikingly nonrandom sequence divergence. The genes of both substrains shared a large number of uridine (U) to cytidine (C) transitions, but the latter contained numerous additional U to C changes in a localized region. Over 90% of the additional mutations were identical to the hypermutated nucleotides in the M gene found in a measles inclusion body encephalitis case. The nonrandom nature, the apparent host dependency, and the abrupt boundaries of these mutations suggest that these mutations might be caused by an extrinsic biased mutational activity rather than intrinsic polymerase errors. This mutational activity might account for the extraordinarily high C to U ratios in the non-protein-coding regions of both the M and fusion genes of wild-type measles virus.
Simultaneous determination of phagocytosis of Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized and non-parasitized red blood cells by flow cytometry (2012)

The assay allowed the analysis of phagocytosis rapidly and with low subjective error, and the differentiation between phagocytosed p- and np-RBCs in the same sample. The presented method may help to analyse the factors or conditions that modulate the share of np-RBC removal in vitro and in vivo and lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SMA.
Dynamic Selection of Software Components in the Face of Changing Requirements (1999)

Software components are characterised by their functional and non-functional properties. It is both difficult and expensive to build a software component that excels in all its nonfunctional properties and that can cope with a large input range for all environmental variables. We envisage to provide a computing system operating in a changing environment with a pool of software components, each having a specific profile, and a decision maker that selects the best component subject to the time varying environmental requirements. The resulting decision problem is a multi-attribute optimisation problem. In this paper, we propose several solution concepts for this problem and evaluate them qualitatively with respect to many criteria. Two of these concepts are treated in detail. The first is based on the combined utility function and the second is the compromise between the preference patterns of the various properties. The latter is game theoretic, and the solution is found by formulating the problem as a bargaining game. While the combined utility function can be expressed in a simple form when some independence assumptions between the properties hold, and it can incorporate the decision maker’s value trade-offs, it involves evaluating subjectively a number of coefficients. But because the evaluations also need to be performed during run-time for new requirements, this becomes problematic. The game theoretic solution does not incorporate explicitly the decision maker’s value trade-offs, but it is free of the subjective element and no evaluations are needed during run-time.
Minimum-entropy clustering and its application to lossless image coding (2002)

The minimum-entropy clustering (MEC) algorithm proposed in this paper provides an optimal method for addressing the non-stationarity of a source with respect to entropy coding. This algorithm clusters a set of vectors (where each vector consists of a fixed number of contiguous samples from a discrete source) using a minimum entropy criterion. In a manner similar to classified vector quantization (CVQ), a given vector is first classified into the class which leads to the lowest entropy and then its samples are coded by the entropy coder designed for that particular class. The MEC algorithm is used in the design of a lossless, predictive image coder. The MEC-based coder is found to significantly outperform the single entropy coder as well as the other popular lossless coders reported in the literature.
Analog pigment studies of chromophore-protein interactions in metarhodopsins (1989)

Several analogue pigments have been prepared containing retinals altered at the cyclohexyl ring or proximal to the aldehyde group in order to examine the role of the chromophore in the formation of the metarhodopsin I and II states of visual pigments. Deletion of the 13-methyl group on the isoprenoid chain did not affect metarhodopsin formation. However, analogue pigments containing chromophores with modified rings did not show the typical absorption changes associated with the metarhodopsin transitions of native or regenerated rhodopsins. In particular, 4-hydroxyretinal pigments did not show clear transitions between the metarhodopsin I and metarhodopsin II states. Pigment formed with an acyclic retinal showed no evidence by absorption spectroscopy of metarhodopsin formation. A retinal altered by substitution of a five-membered ring containing a nitroxide required a more acidic pH than the native pigment for formation of the metarhodopsin II state. ESR data suggest that the ring remains buried within the protein through the metarhodopsin II state. However, the Schiff base linkage is susceptible to hydrolysis of hydroxylamine in the metarhodopsin II state. These data indicate that (1), in the transition from rhodopsin to metarhodopsin II, major protein conformational changes are occurring near the lysine-retinal linkage whereas the ring portion of the chromophore remains deeply buried within the protein and (2) pigment absorptions characteristic of the metarhodopsin I and II states may be due to specific protein-chromophore interactions near the region of the chromophore ring.