gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Screening for renal carcinoma associated mutations in the von Hippel‐Lindau tumor suppressor gene by temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (1997)

Renal cell carcinoma is the most common neoplastic disease of the adult kidney and occurs in its sporadic and hereditary form. Approximately 57% of all renal carcinomas of the clear cell type analyzed revealed a mutation in the von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) gene. In the present work, temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) is presented as a rapid and precise polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-employing methodology for the detection of mutations in the VHL gene. The theoretical efficiency of TGGE to detect mutations in every base pair of the gene was calculated. According to computer analysis, at least 92% of all known mutations in the VHL gene are detectable. This calculated figure appears to be in agreement with the experimental results. Primary difficulties in analyzing exon 1 of the VHL gene were overcome by the employment of psoralen-cross-linked PCR fragments. In addition, TGGE analysis was used in screening for possible mutations in thirteen renal carcinoma samples. With this protocol TGGE is successfully added to the array of methods for the screening of VHL mutations.
[Diagnostic evaluation of the temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis using cone beam computed tomography compared with conventional radiographic technology]. (2007)

Cone beam CT, which reproduces multiple images including axial, coronal and sagittal planes of the joint, provides a complete radiographic investigation of the bony components of the TMJ. It is one of the best choices of imaging diagnosis of TMJ osteoarthritis. Panoramic radiography and transpharygeal projection examination are also good choices for showing osseous condylar abnormalities in the clinic, but transcranial projection examination is inferior.
EFFECTS OF ANTI‐RHEUMATIC COMPOUNDS AND PYRIDINE DERIVATIVES ON THE CUTANEOUS RESPONSE TO THURFYL NICOTINATE IN THE GUINEA‐PIG (1963)

The effects of certain anti-rheumatic drugs and compounds related to nicotinic acid on the cutaneous response to locally applied thurfyl nicotinate in guinea-pigs were investigated. Sodium salicylate, aspirin or phenylbutazone administered orally each reduced the response to thurfyl nicotinate at about half the dose needed for equivalent protection against the cutaneous effects of exposure to ultra-violet light. Nicotinic acid or thurfyl nicotinate given orally flushed the skin and reduced the intensity of the local reaction to thurfyl nicotinate without affecting the response to ultra-violet light. Nicotinamide, isonicotinic acid, picolinic acid and quinolinic acid were less effective in producing flushes and in reducing the effect of locally applied thurfyl nicotinate. The flush induced in guinea-pigs by oral nicotinic acid was reduced by the previous administration of phenylbutazone. Possible mechanisms for these effects are discussed.
Establishment of a rat cell line inducible for the expression of human cytomegalovirus immediate-early gene products by protein synthesis inhibition (1986)

Upon transfection of Rat-2-TK- cells with plasmid pES, containing the cloned 7.0-kilobase (kb) EcoRI-SalI fragment (0.063 to 0.089 map units) of the human cytomegalovirus genome, major immediate-early antigen expression was obtained in 1 to 2% of the nuclei of the transfected cells, as determined by immunofluorescence with the E3 monoclonal antibody. Cotransfection of pES with the cloned herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene resulted in the establishment of a hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine-resistant cell line which expressed a major immediate-early antigen in approximately 1% of the cells at early passages, with expression gradually declining to less than 0.1% upon subculturing. Southern blot analysis of DNA extracted from this cell line revealed the presence of multiple integration events of pES DNA sequences into cellular DNA, including a head-to-tail tandem array of approximately 10 copies of pES. The integration pattern was stable for at least 80 passages. Metaphase chromosomes prepared from this cell line showed, upon in situ hybridization, a strong hybridization signal in both sister chromatids of a large submetacentric chromosome which is considered to have harbored the tandemly integrated pES molecules. Whereas in most cells of the population, immediate-early expression seemed to be repressed, this repression could be overcome by protein synthesis inhibition, resulting in a massive induction of human-cytomegalovirus-specific transcripts of 2.1 and 1.9 kb and a minor species of 2.9 kb. After release from protein synthesis inhibition, approximately 20% of the cells showed nuclear fluorescence when the E3 monoclonal antibody was used.
Spontaneous dialogue recognition with large out-of-vocabularies (2002)

This paper describes a Korean spontaneous speech recognition system that is part of a speech-to-speech translation system being developed in ETRI. The features of this system are as follows. First, we have compiled two large human to human dialog databases. The speech database used in training and evaluation of this system was composed of two task domains: 339 dialogs collected in appointment scheduling domain and 535 dialogs collected in the travel planning domain. Second, recognition performance was evaluated not only on no out-of-vocabulary (OoV) case but also on the OoV case. From the evaluation result of spontaneous speech recognition with high OoV rate, we addressed the problem of Korean language and proposed a solution.
Enhanced Microstrip Guard Trace for Ringing Noise Suppression Using a Dielectric Superstrate (2010)

Grounded guard traces are increasingly used to reduce the coupling-induced crosstalk, but the incurred ringing noise will strongly limit the performance for the microstrip structures. This paper describes the generation mechanism of the ringing noise and derives an analytical formula of the noise magnitude. Besides, an enhanced microstrip guard trace design is proposed to eliminate the ringing noise by covering the original microstrip structure with a superstrate of higher permittivity. A design space versus the superstrate thickness and the dielectric constant are constructed and in which, the guard trace needs be grounded at the two ends only without causing any ringing noise. Finally, the time-domain simulations and experiments are performed to verify the proposed concept.
Probing Applications of Laser-Ablated Ag Colloids in SERS Spectroscopy:  Improvement of Ablation Procedure and SERS Spectral Testing (1997)

The possibilities to employ laser-ablated Ag colloids as stable active surfaces for reproducible SERS and SERRS spectral measurements were explored. Ag colloids prepared by laser ablation of Ag foil in water under varied conditions were characterized by surface plasmon absorption and transmission electron microscopy. The presence of large Ag particles in these colloids and their sedimentation induce undesired time dependence of the optical characteristics of the colloids. Fragmentation of these large particles by laser radiation in the course of the ablation process or by an additional irradiation of the resulting colloids was found to be the key to optimization of the particle size distribution of the ablated colloids. The presence of chlorides in the aqueous medium during ablation provides reduction of the average particle size, prevents formation of large particles, and increases the efficiency of the ablation process. However, it also reduces stability of the colloid against spontaneous aggregation and modifies the colloidal surface by Cl-. A chemical test based on SERRS spectral monitoring of the kinetics of a free base porphyrin metalation provided very good reproducibility when applied to the optimized Ag colloids ablated in pure water. By contrast, poor reproducibility of the same test was obtained for the chemically prepared colloids.
The Current Status and Environmental Impacts of Glyphosate‐Resistant Crops (2006)

Glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl) glycine]-resistant crops (GRCs), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), maize (Zea mays L.), and soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] have been commercialized and grown extensively in the Western Hemisphere and, to a lesser extent, elsewhere. Glyphosate-resistant cotton and soybean have become dominant in those countries where their planting is permitted. Effects of glyphosate on contamination of soil, water, and air are minimal, compared to some of the herbicides that they replace. No risks have been found with food or feed safety or nutritional value in products from currently available GRCs. Glyphosate-resistant crops have promoted the adoption of reduced- or no-tillage agriculture in the USA and Argentina, providing a substantial environmental benefit. Weed species in GRC fields have shifted to those that can more successfully withstand glyphosate and to those that avoid the time of its application. Three weed species have evolved resistance to glyphosate in GRCs. Glyphosate-resistant crops have greater potential to become problems as volunteer crops than do conventional crops. Glyphosate resistance transgenes have been found in fields of canola that are supposed to be non-transgenic. Under some circumstances, the largest risk of GRCs may be transgene flow (introgression) from GRCs to related species that might become problems in natural ecosystems. Glyphosate resistance transgenes themselves are highly unlikely to be a risk in wild plant populations, but when linked to transgenes that may impart fitness benefits outside of agriculture (e.g., insect resistance), natural ecosystems could be affected. The development and use of failsafe introgression barriers in crops with such linked genes is needed.
Generation and field-resolved detection of femtosecond electromagnetic pulses tunable up to 41 THz (2000)

Bandwidth-limited infrared pulses as short as 50 fs are generated in thin GaSe crystals by phase-matched optical rectification of 10 fs laser pulses. The central frequency of the transients is continuously tunable over a wide interval extending from 41 THz (λ=7 μm) to the far-infrared. The electric field of the THz transients is directly monitored via ultrabroadband free-space electro-optic sampling. A simulation of the spectra based on a plane-wave model shows excellent agreement with the experiment.
AutoPruner: An End-to-End Trainable Filter Pruning Method for Efficient Deep Model Inference (2018)

Channel pruning is an important family of methods to speed up deep model's inference. Previous filter pruning algorithms regard channel pruning and model fine-tuning as two independent steps. This paper argues that combining them into a single end-to-end trainable system will lead to better results. We propose an efficient channel selection layer, namely AutoPruner, to find less important filters automatically in a joint training manner. Our AutoPruner takes previous activation responses as an input and generates a true binary index code for pruning. Hence, all the filters corresponding to zero index values can be removed safely after training. We empirically demonstrate that the gradient information of this channel selection layer is also helpful for the whole model training. By gradually erasing several weak filters, we can prevent an excessive drop in model accuracy. Compared with previous state-of-the-art pruning algorithms (including training from scratch), AutoPruner achieves significantly better performance. Furthermore, ablation experiments show that the proposed novel mini-batch pooling and binarization operations are vital for the success of filter pruning.
Volume Effects of Daily Hemodialysis (1998)

Daily hemodialysis appears to be well tolerated, with hypotension rarely complicating such therapy, a finding that is the subject of this review. When daily hemodialysis utilizes a shorter treatment time, this may limit the intradialytic reduction in plasma volume. This reduction is a function of treatment time, ultrafiltration rate (UFR), and plasma refilling rate (PRR). However, daily therapy may be associated with a higher UFR and lower PRR, both of which may accentuate the fall in plasma volume. The reduced frequency of intradialytic hypotension may, in part, be related to other aspects of such therapy, such as the smaller oscillations and decreased dialytic flux of hemodynamically active solutes.
Ultrasound-assisted regio- and stereoselective synthesis of bis-[1′,4′-diaryl-1-oxo-spiro-benzosuberane-2,5′-pyrazoline] derivatives via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (2015)

A novel bis-[spiro-benzosuberane-2,5′-pyrazoline] derivatives were synthesized <italic>via</italic> 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition under ultrasonic irradiation.
A Series Slot Array Antenna for 45$^{\circ}$-Inclined Linear Polarization With SIW Technology (2012)

The design method for a standing-wave series slot array antenna with 45°-inclined linear polarization in the Ka-band is presented. The proposed 16 × 8 planar slot array antenna consisted of arrays with alternating reactance slot pairs that could achieve impedance matching and uniform field ex- citation, simultaneously. Furthermore, the grating lobes were effectively suppressed with the help of these radiating units due to the one-half guided wavelength slot spacing. An equivalent circuit analysis was done to evaluate the input impedances of the radiating and feeding lines with the impedance recursive formulas as well as the mode voltages of the radiating slot elements. In addition, a wideband transition with a 30.13% bandwidth under the criteria of less than VSWR 1.5:1 was presented to provide the necessary power with the minimal reflection and to prevent the distortion of the radiation patterns. The proposed planar slot array antenna occupied an aperture area of 57.4× 51.6 mm. The measured bandwidth, gain, and efficiency were 990 MHz (2.88%), 24.3 dBi, and 53.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the side lobe levels (SLLs) were verified for each cutting plane with -13.57 dB and -13.17 dB, respectively. The proposed antenna structure was achieved with a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with the low costs and lightweight features.
Distribution of Sodium and Potassium Within Individual Human Erythrocytes by Pulsed-Laser Vaporization in a Sheath Flow (1994)

Simultaneous determination of the amounts of Na and K inside single human erythrocytes was accomplished by laser vaporization and monitoring the atomic emission produced. By using a modified sheath-flow arrangement, detection of 8 fg (0.35 fmol) of Na is possible with one laser pulse. By using Poisson statistics, one can obtain single-cell information even when multiple cells are vaporized per laser pulse. The intracellular contents for a given individual were found to vary significantly. The +/- 55% and +/- 155% variations for Na and K, respectively, cannot be explained by changes in cell volume. There is only a weak correlation between the Na and K contents in single cells. The results reflect the age distribution of erythrocytes in the sample. Presumably, the enzymes regulating ion transport lose their activities in the older cells.
Bruton tyrosine kinase is tyrosine phosphorylated and activated in pre-B lymphocytes and receptor-ligated B cells. (1994)

The gene encoding Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is known to be mutated in human X chromosome-linked agammaglobulinemia and in the Xid mouse. This kinase was examined in B lymphocytes before and after antigen receptor ligation and also in pre-B cells. Btk was found to be catalytically activated and tyrosine phosphorylated in response to anti-IgM stimulation in B cells. This kinase is also constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in pre-B cells. These findings point to a functional role for Btk in pre-antigen and antigen receptor signaling during B-cell development and provide a biochemical explanation for the X-linked genetic syndromes already linked to this kinase.
Relationship Between the c- <i>myb</i> Locus and the 6q- Chromosomal Aberration in Leukemias and Lymphomas (1987)

Deletions of the long arm of chromosome 6 (6q-) are frequently found in hematopoietic neoplasms, including acute lymphoblastic leukemias, non-Hodgkin lymphomas and (less frequently) myeloid leukemias. The c-myb proto-oncogene has been mapped to region 6q21-24, which suggests that it could be involved in the 6q- aberrations. By means of in situ chromosomal hybridization on cells from six hematopoietic malignancies, it was demonstrated that the c-myb locus is not deleted, but is retained on band q22, which is consistently bordered by the chromosomal breakpoints in both interstitial and terminal 6q- deletions. The deletion breakpoints were located at some distance from the myb locus since no rearrangement of c-myb sequences was found. In one case, however, amplification of the entire c-myb locus was detectable. Furthermore, in all cases tested that carry 6q- deletions, myb messenger RNA levels were significantly higher than in normal cells or in malignant cells matched for lineage and stage of differentiation but lacking the 6q- marker. These results indicate that 6q- deletions are accompanied by structural and functional alterations of the c-myb locus and that these alterations may be involved in the pathogenesis of leukemias and lymphomas.
Nuclear translocation of 3′-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1): A potential regulatory mechanism for PDK-1 function (2003)

3'-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1) phosphorylates and activates members of the AGC protein kinase family and plays an important role in the regulation of cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation. However, how PDK-1 is regulated in cells remains elusive. In this study, we demonstrated that PDK-1 can shuttle between the cytoplasm and nucleus. Treatment of cells with leptomycin B, a nuclear export inhibitor, results in a nuclear accumulation of PDK-1. PDK-1 nuclear localization is increased by insulin, and this process is inhibited by pretreatment of cells with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-kinase) inhibitors. Consistent with the idea that PDK-1 nuclear translocation is regulated by the PI3-kinase signaling pathway, PDK-1 nuclear localization is increased in cells deficient of PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10). Deletion mapping and mutagenesis studies unveiled that presence of a functional nuclear export signal (NES) in mouse PDK-1 located at amino acid residues 382 to 391. Overexpression of constitutively nuclear PDK-1, which retained autophosphorylation at Ser-244 in the activation loop in cells and its kinase activity in vitro, led to increased phosphorylation of the predominantly nuclear PDK-1 substrate p70 S6KbetaI. However, the ability of constitutively nuclear PDK-1 to induce anchorage-independent growth and to protect against UV-induced apoptosis is greatly diminished compared with the wild-type enzyme. Taken together, these findings suggest that nuclear translocation may be a mechanism to sequestrate PDK-1 from activation of the cytosolic signaling pathways and that this process may play an important role in regulating PDK-1-mediated cell signaling and function.
Theory of pth-order inverses of nonlinear systems (1976)

The concept and theory of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order inverse of a nonlinear system es developed in this article. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order inverse, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K_{(p)}^{-1}</tex> , of a system <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> is defined as a system for which the Volterra series of the system <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> formed by the tandem connection of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K_{(p)}^{-1}</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q[x]= x+ \Sigma_{n=p+1}^{\infty} Q_{n}[x]</tex> so that the 2nd through the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order Volterra operators of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> are zero. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K_{(p)}^{-1}</tex> are determined. It is shown that the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order pre-inverse of a system <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</tex> is identical to its <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order post-inverse. In addition, a synthesis of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K_{(p)}^{-1}</tex> is obtained. The <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> th-order inverse offers an approach to the study of the system inverse, <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H^{-1}</tex> , since, as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p \rightarrow \infty , K_{(p)}^{-1}</tex> becomes the Volterra series of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H^{-1}</tex> . This approach is discussed and some applications with regard to nonlinear differential equations and nonlinear feedback systems are presented.
Novel Methods for Production Data Forecast Utilizing Machine Learning and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (2020)

Abstract Multiphase flowrate measurements play an important role during the reservoir characterization and production optimization phase of reservoir management. Accurate multiphase flow rate measurement is an indispensable tool for production optimization from oil and gas fields. One of the industry's accepted solutions is the use of multiphase flow meters, which are expensive, have a limited operational envelope, and are exposed to erosion and failures. This can limit the applicability of physical metering devices due to frequent calibration, transportation issues, space, safety, security, and possible high costs. Virtual flow metering (VFM) is a method for estimating oil, gas and water flowrates produced from wells without measuring them directly. The method uses data available from the field, such as downhole pressure and temperature measurements as well as a choke position and ESP operational parameters, to estimate the flowrates by implementing hydrodynamic multiphase models, measurement data, and a reconciliation algorithm. In this paper, an overview of the conventional multiphase flow metering solutions is presented, which is followed by application of some advanced artificial intelligence and data analytics techniques for a specific case of multiphase production monitoring in a highly dynamic wellbore. The considered case refers to a typical scenario, where the measurements of oil, gas, and water flow rates are obtained in real time using a topside multiphase flow meter. Alternatively, the values of these multiphase rates are estimated using a data-driven dynamic flow model obtained using a dynamic mode decomposition technique. The results obtained with this method are compared with another VFM approach, where the rates are obtained using deep LSTM neural network.