gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical study of stratified charge combustion in wave rotors (1997)

A wave rotor may be used as a pressure-gain combustor effecting non-steady flow, and intermittent, confined combustion to enhance gas turbine engine performance. It will be more compact and probably lighter than an equivalent pressure-exchange wave rotor, yet will have similar thermodynamic and mechanical characteristics. Because the allowable turbine blade temperature limits overall fuel/air ratio to sub-flammable values, premixed stratification techniques are necessary to burn hydrocarbon fuels in small engines with compressor discharge temperature well below autoignition conditions. One-dimensional, unsteady numerical simulations of stratified-charge combustion are performed using an eddy-diffusivity turbulence model and a simple reaction model incorporating a flammability limit temperature. For good combustion efficiency, a stratification strategy is developed which concentrates fuel at the leading and trailing edges of the inlet port. Rotor and exhaust temperature profiles and performance predictions are presented at three representative operating conditions of the engine: full design load, 40% load, and idle. The results indicate that peak local gas temperatures will result in excessive temperatures within the rotor housing unless additional cooling methods are used. The rotor itself will have acceptable temperatures, but the pattern factor presented to the turbine may be of concern, depending on exhaust duct design and duct-rotor interaction.
Activating Transcription Factor 3 and the Nervous System (2012)

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) belongs to the ATF/cyclic AMP responsive element binding family of transcription factors and is often described as an adaptive response gene whose activity is usually regulated by stressful stimuli. Although expressed in a number of splice variants and generally recognized as a transcriptional repressor, ATF3 has the ability to interact with a number of other transcription factors including c-Jun to form complexes which not only repress, but can also activate various genes. ATF3 expression is modulated mainly at the transcriptional level and has markedly different effects in different types of cell. The levels of ATF3 mRNA and protein are normally very low in neurons and glia but their expression is rapidly upregulated in response to injury. ATF3 expression in neurons is closely linked to their survival and the regeneration of their axons following axotomy, and that in peripheral nerves correlates with the generation of a Schwann cell phenotype that is conducive to axonal regeneration. ATF3 is also induced by Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands but acts as a negative regulator of TLR signaling, suppressing the innate immune response which is involved in immuno-surveillance and can enhance or reduce the survival of injured neurons and promote the regeneration of their axons.
A 2.5-GHz, 6.9-mW, 45-nm-LP CMOS, ΔΣ Modulator Based on Standard Cell Design With Time-Interleaving (2010)

A technique is presented for implementing time-interleaved pipelined high-speed digital ΔΣ modulators using standard cells and the tools for digital design (synthesis and automatic place-and-route). Time interleaving allows clocking the standard cell blocks at submultiples of the final sampling rate. The proposed technique relies on inserting additional delays between the cascaded stages of a MASH ΔΣ modulator to reduce the complexity of the time-interleaved implementation and to eliminate any critical path spanning more than one accumulator. These additional delay stages segment the time-interleaved pipeline sections, preventing any coupling among them. The only custom designed block is a high-speed MUX used to multiplex the low-rate bit streams into the final high-rate stream. The widespread use of digital design tools considerably reduces the design time, improving the time-to-market. A prototype second-order MASH ΔΣ modulator has been fabricated in CMOS 45 nm-LP process. Operating at 2.5 GHz, it draws 6.9 mW from the nominal 1.1 V supply, while at 3.3 GHz it draws 11 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
The International Space Sation Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (1998)

The Microgravity Acceleration Measurement System (MAMS) is a high resolution and wide dynamic range dual sensor-based accelerometry instrumentation system which is under development for an early Utilization Flight installation within the International Space Station's (ISS) U.S. Laboratory Module. The MAMS instrument will provide highly accurate acceleration measurement data over the nano-g to millig amplitude range characterizing the U.S. Lab Module environment in the frequency spectrum from 104 Hz to 300 Hz. The data will be transmitted to ground users such as microgravity science investigators and the Microgravity Analysis and Integration Team members. The MAMS quasi-steady acceleration measurement instrument, the Orbital Acceleration Measurement Experiment (OARE), and a vibratory microgravity disturbance measurement instrument, the High Resolution Accelerometer Package (HIRAP) were previously flown on the Space Shuttle and will be installed with additional interface and control units into a MAMS enclosure. The MAMS will interface to an EXPRESS Rack and provide acceleration measurement data via an Ethernet link to the Rack Interface Controller for subsequent downlink transmission This paper addresses the MAMS performance specifications imposed and the new design solutions developed to meet the required performance. A description of the MAMS operational modes, calibration techniques and data/command interface is also included.
Introduction to Stochastic Search and Optimization (2003)

From the Publisher:
* Unique in its survey of the range of topics.
* Contains a strong, interdisciplinary format that will appeal to both students and researchers.
* Features exercises and web links to software and data sets.
A Novel Multipath Approach to Security in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel encryption-less algorithm to enhance security in transmission of data packets across mobile ad hoc networks. The paper hinges on the paradigm of multipath routing and exploits the properties of polynomials. The first step in the algorithm is to transform the data such that it is impossible to obtain any information without possessing the entire transformed data. The algorithm then uses an intuitively simple idea of a jigsaw puzzle to break the transformed data into multiple packets where these packets form the pieces of the puzzle. Then these packets are sent along disjoint paths to reach the receiver. A secure and efficient mechanism is provided to convey the information that is necessary for obtaining the original data at the receiver-end from its fragments in the packets, that is, for solving the jigsaw puzzle. The algorithm is designed to be secure so that no intermediate or unintended node can obtain the entire data. An authentication code is also used to ensure authenticity of every packet.
Voice Profile for Internet Mail - version 2 (1998)

A class of special-purpose computers has evolved to provide voice messaging services. These machines generally interface to a telephone switch and provide call answering and voice messaging services. Traditionally, messages sent to a non-local machine are transported using analog networking protocols based on DTMF signaling and analog voice playback. As the demand for networking increases, there is a need for a standard high-quality digital protocol to connect these machines. The following document is a profile of the Internet standard MIME and ESMTP protocols for use as a digital voice messaging networking protocol. The profile is referred to as VPIM (Voice Profile for Internet Mail) in this document.
A practical enhanced-resolution integrated optical-digital imaging camera (PERIODIC) (2009)

An integrated array computational imaging system, dubbed PERIODIC, is presented which is capable of exploiting a diverse variety of optical information including sub-pixel displacements, phase, polarization, intensity, and wavelength. Several applications of this technology will be presented including digital superresolution, enhanced dynamic range and multi-spectral imaging. Other applications include polarization based dehazing, extended depth of field and 3D imaging. The optical hardware system and software algorithms are described, and sample results are shown.
Subsets of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys are distinguished by different levels of mRNA for the dopamine transporter: Comparison with the mRNA for the D<sub>2</sub> receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin immunoreactivity (1995)

The midbrain dopamine system can be divided into two groups of cells based on chemical characteristics and connectivity. The dorsal tier neurons, which include the dorsal pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, are calbindin-positive, and project to the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The ventral tier neurons are calbindin-negative and project to the sensorimotor striatum. This study examined the distribution of the mRNAs for the dopamine transporter molecule (DAT) and the D2 receptor in the midbrain of monkeys by using in situ hybridization. The distribution patterns were compared to that of tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin immunohistochemistry. The results show that high levels of hybridization for DAT and the D2 receptor mRNA are found in the ventral tier, calbindin-negative neurons and relatively low levels are found in the dorsal, calbindin-positive tier. Within the dorsal tier, the dorsal substantia nigra pars compacta has the least amount of both messages. These results show that in monkeys, the ventral tegmental area and the dorsal pars compacta form a dorsal continuum of dopamine neurons which express lower levels of mRNA for DAT and D2 receptor than the ventral tier. DAT has been shown to be involved in the selective neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Different levels of DAT mRNA and calbindin may explain the differential effects of MPTP neurotoxicity.
Influence of the ratio between radial artery inner diameter and sheath outer diameter on radial artery flow after transradial coronary intervention (1999)

To test the feasibility of using guiding catheters equal to or greater than 7 Fr in transradial coronary intervention (TRI), we measured the inner diameter of the radial artery (RA) and its flow using two-dimensional ultrasound and Doppler examinations before and after TRI in 250 Japanese patients. The incidence of severe flow reduction of the RA after TRI was 6.8% on average (7.2%, 4.7%, and 8.3% in patients with 6, 7, and 8 Fr sheaths used, respectively), which increased from 4.0% to 13.0% (P=0.0113) if the ratio of the RA inner diameter/sheath outer diameter was less than 1.0. The frequency of this ratio (> or = 1.0) for 7 and 8 Fr sheaths was 71.5% and 44.9% in male patients and 40.3 and 24.0% in female patients, respectively. We conclude that the use of guiding catheters equal to or greater than 7 Fr in the radial artery is feasible in selected patients.
Test-retest variability of frequency-doubling perimetry and conventional perimetry in glaucoma patients and normal subjects. (1999)

Frequency-doubling perimetry has different test-retest variability characteristics than conventional perimetry and may have potential for monitoring glaucomatous field damage.
A multistep size (MSS) frequency domain adaptive filter (1991)

A multistep size frequency-domain adaptive filter capable of tracking both stationary and nonstationary signals is proposed. This algorithm makes use of the simple structure of the least mean square error algorithm to update the filter coefficients and process the signal. It then proceeds further by incorporating a set of three step sizes and a knowledge-based strategy to select the best set of filter coefficients and the optimum step size iteratively. The main advantage of the MSS algorithm over the conventional LMS algorithm is that better performance is achieved without the knowledge of the input signal characteristics, such as signal power, degree of nonstationarity, signal-to-noise ratio, and stability bounds. Experimentally, the MSS algorithm is tested under various signal environments. The transient characteristics of the step sizes are found to be in agreement with previous theoretical studies of nonstationary characteristics of the LMS algorithm. In order to reduce the complexity, the conventional frequency-domain block LMS structure is also modified so that the MSS algorithm can be embedded more efficiently by exploiting the block structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gap Junctions between Interneuron Dendrites Can Enhance Synchrony of Gamma Oscillations in Distributed Networks (2001)

Gamma-frequency (30-70 Hz) oscillations in populations of interneurons may be of functional relevance in the brain by virtue of their ability to induce synchronous firing in principal neurons. Such a role would require that neurons, 1 mm or more apart, be able to synchronize their activity, despite the presence of axonal conduction delays and of the limited axonal spread of many interneurons. We showed previously that interneuron doublet firing can help to synchronize gamma oscillations, provided that sufficiently many pyramidal neurons are active; we also suggested that gap junctions, between the axons of principal neurons, could contribute to the long-range synchrony of gamma oscillations induced in the hippocampus by carbachol in vitro. Here we consider interneuron network gamma: that is, gamma oscillations in pharmacologically isolated networks of tonically excited interneurons, with frequency gated by mutual GABA(A) receptor-mediated IPSPs. We provide simulation and electrophysiological evidence that interneuronal gap junctions (presumably dendritic) can enhance the synchrony of such gamma oscillations, in spatially extended interneuron networks. There appears to be a sharp threshold conductance, below which the interneuron dendritic gap junctions do not exert a synchronizing role.
A condition monitoring system of the disk brake based on nRF24L01 (2011)

Aiming at the braking fault type of the Mine disk brake, this paper designs a monitoring system using C8051F020 and nRF24L01 as the key parts and introduces the main structure, the monitoring principle, hardware construction and software function flow chart of the system. This system can real-time monitor and display the oil pressure, the clearance and temperature of brake shoes by the sensors, and use the nRF24L01 module to transmit and receive the date. Through real-time monitoring, status analyzes and fault alarm, the running safety of the hoist can be assured and it a good application forward.
Energy and coincidence time resolution measurements of CdTe detectors for PET (2013)

We report on the characterization of 2 mm thick CdTe diode detector with Schottky contacts to be employed in a novel conceptual design of PET scanner. Results at -8°C with an applied bias voltage of -1000 V/mm show a 1.2% FWHM energy resolution at 511 keV. Coincidence time resolution has been measured by triggering on the preamplifier output signal to improve the timing resolution of the detector. Results at the same bias and temperature conditions show a FWHM of 6 ns with a minimum acceptance energy of 500 keV. These results show that pixelated CdTe Schottky diode is an excellent candidate for the development of next generation nuclear medical imaging devices such as PET, Compton gamma cameras, and especially PET-MRI hybrid systems when used in a magnetic field immune configuration.
Forwarding state reduction for sparse mode multicast communication (2009)

Reducing forwarding state overhead of multicast routing protocols is an important issue towards a scalable global multicast solution. In this paper, we propose a new approach, Dynamic Tunnel Multicast, which utilizes dynamically established tunnels on unbranched links of a multicast distribution tree to eliminate unnecessary multicast forwarding states. Analysis and simulation results show promising reduction in the state overhead of sparse mode multicast routing protocols.
An Adaptive Sensorless Measurement Technique for Internal Temperature of Li-Ion Batteries Using Impedance Phase Spectroscopy (2018)

This paper proposes an adaptive sensorless measurement technique for internal temperature of lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. The proposed technique is based on measuring the impedance-phase of the battery in real time by a simple search algorithm. The proposed technique then identifies the zero-crossing frequency at which the phase of the impedance is zero. From the value of the zero-crossing frequency, the cell's internal temperature is estimated. Details on the proposed technique followed by experimental verification using a 3.8V/2600mAh Samsung Li-ion battery cell at temperatures between -20 and +50 deg C are presented.
A Survey on Low Latency Towards 5G: RAN, Core Network and Caching Solutions (2018)

The fifth generation (5G) wireless network technology is to be standardized by 2020, where main goals are to improve capacity, reliability, and energy efficiency, while reducing latency and massively increasing connection density. An integral part of 5G is the capability to transmit touch perception type real-time communication empowered by applicable robotics and haptics equipment at the network edge. In this regard, we need drastic changes in network architecture including core and radio access network (RAN) for achieving end-to-end latency on the order of 1 ms. In this paper, we present a detailed survey on the emerging technologies to achieve low latency communications considering three different solution domains: 1) RAN; 2) core network; and 3) caching. We also present a general overview of major 5G cellular network elements such as software defined network, network function virtualization, caching, and mobile edge computing capable of meeting latency and other 5G requirements.
Amperometric Detection of Dopamine based on a Graphene Oxide/PEDOT:PSS Composite Electrode (2020)

Dopamine (DA) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter that plays many important roles within the brain and body. It is an organic compound in the catecholamines and phenethylamines groups. A considerable effort has been made since its discovery, and n
Synthesis and SAR of Benzisothiazole- and Indolizine-β-<scp>d</scp>-glucopyranoside Inhibitors of SGLT2 (2010)

A series of benzisothiazole- and indolizine-β-d-glucopyranoside inhibitors of human SGLT2 are described. The synthesis of the C-linked heterocyclic glucosides took advantage of a palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction between a glucal boronate and the corresponding bromo heterocycle. The compounds have been evaluated for their human SGLT2 inhibition potential using cell-based functional transporter assays, and their structure-activity relationships have been described. Benzisothiazole-C-glucoside 16d was found to be an inhibitor of SGLT2 with an IC50 of 10 nM.
I/O Performance Optimization Techniques for Hybrid Hard Disk-Based Mobile Consumer Devices (2007)

A hybrid hard disk employs the advantages of both a hard disk and a NAND flash memory, thus making it a cost-effective fast secondary storage device. In this paper, we improve its I/O performance by combining an intelligent data pinning policy for the flash memory with a caching technique which is aware of access patterns for the flash memory and DRAM. Our proposed techniques reduce the system boot time and application launching time while reducing energy consumption, which is vital in the mobile devices. We built SimHybrid, a flexible trace-driven hybrid hard disk evaluation environment, and used it to demonstrate how a hybrid hard disk can achieve significantly better I/O performance than a traditional hard disk while using much less energy.
A Water-Soluble and Self-Doped Conducting Polypyrrole Graft Copolymer (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Water-Soluble and Self-Doped Conducting Polypyrrole Graft CopolymerWoo Jin Bae, Keon Hyeong Kim, Won Ho Jo, and Yun Heum ParkView Author Information Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea School of Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Korea Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 4, 1044–1047Publication Date (Web):January 21, 2005Publication History Received11 June 2004Revised27 December 2004Published online21 January 2005Published inissue 1 February 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma048850chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma048850crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2240Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Electrical conductivity,Organic polymers,Polymers,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
<i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i>DSM 17938 in Infantile Colic: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2010)

L. reuteri DSM 17 938 at a dose of 10(8) colony-forming units per day in early breastfed infants improved symptoms of infantile colic and was well tolerated and safe. Gut microbiota changes induced by the probiotic could be involved in the observed clinical improvement.
Semi-Supervised Classification by Low Density Separation (2005)

We believe that the cluster assumption is key to successful semi-supervised learning. Based on this, we propose three semi-supervised algorithms: 1. deriving graph-based distances that emphazise low density regions between clusters, followed by training a standard SVM; 2. optimizing the Transductive SVM objective function, which places the decision boundary in low density regions, by gradient descent; 3. combining the first two to make maximum use of the cluster assumption. We compare with state of the art algorithms and demonstrate superior accuracy for the latter two methods.