gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-Targeted Antioxidant SS-31 is a Potential Novel Ophthalmic Medication for Neuroprotection in Glaucoma. (2015)

Glaucoma is the second leading cause of irreversible blindness and a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis. Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction have crucial roles in most neurodegenerative diseases such as glaucoma. The conventional clinical treatment for glaucoma is lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP). Some patients have normal IOP, whereas other patients appear to obtain adequate control of IOP after filtration surgery or medication. However, these patients still experience progressive visual field loss. Vision field loss in glaucoma is attributed to retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis. Many recent researches demonstrated that the link between mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress was a major cause of RGCs apoptosis. How oxidative stress leads to RGCs apoptosis in glaucoma is unclear but may involve the neurotoxic effects of oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and/or damage from reactive oxygen species (ROS). Investigations are needed concerning the mitochondria as effective targets for potential therapeutic interventions to maintain mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress, and thereby delay or stop RGC loss and prolong visual function. The mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptide is a candidate molecule. Szeto-Schiller-31 (H-D-Arg-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2) is an attractive mitochondria-targeted antioxidant that can protect the mitochondria and RGCs against oxidative damage. Therefore, we suggest SS-31 as a novel neuroprotective ophthalmic drug for protecting RGCs in glaucoma.
[Clinical trial on the effects of shikonin mixture on later stage lung cancer]. (1991)

The shikonin mixture was used for 19 cases of later-stage lung cancer who were not the candidates for operation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The clinical observation showed that shikonin mixture could inhibit the growth of lung cancer and improve the immune function of the body. The tumors were reduced over 25% in diameter. The effective rate was 63.3%, remission rate 36.9%, survival rate of one year 47.3%. The intermedium survival period was about 10 months, including adenocarcinoma 10 months, squamous carcinoma 12 months. After treatment the life quality of patients were greatly improved. The patients got better appetite and their body weights were increased. They could manage themselves in daily life. The Karnofsky scores were enhanced by 20. The authors also observed that shikonin mixture could relieve such symptoms as cough, bloody sputum and chest pain caused by lung cancer. The levels of cells and interleukin-2 were increased (P less than 0.001). It had no harmful effects on peripheral blood picture, heart, kidney and liver. Shikonin mixture is safe and effective for later-stage cancer.
Liquid-chromatographic determination of aminoglutethimide in plasma. (1983)

A simple, rapid "high-performance" liquid-chromatographic procedure is presented for the determination of aminoglutethimide in plasma. After precipitation of the protein with acetonitrile, an aliquot of the supernate is injected directly onto a radially compressed, reversed-phase column. The aminoglutethimide is isocratically eluted with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/water/tert-butyl ammonium phosphate. The method is both accurate and precise and has been in routine use in our laboratory for more than 12 months.
Demonstration of a silicon nitride attrition mill for production of fine pure Si and Si3N4 powders (1984)

To avoid metallic impurities normally introduced by milling ceramic powders in conventional steel hardware, an attrition mill (high-energy stirred ball mill) was constructed with the wearing parts (mill body, stirring arms, and media) made from silicon nitride. Commercial silicon and Si3N4 powders were milled to fine uniform particles with only minimal contamination - primarily from wear of the sintered Si3N4 media.
Hypertexture (1989)

We model phenomena intermediate between shape and texture by using space-filling applicative functions to modulate density. The model is essentially an extension of procedural solid texture synthesis, but evaluated throughout a volumetric region instead of only at surfaces.We have been able to obtain visually realistic representations of such shape+texture ( hypertexture ) phenomena as hair, fur, fire, glass, fluid flow and erosion effects. We show how this is done, first by describing a set of base level functions to provide basic texture and control capability, then by combining these to synthesize various phenomena.Hypertexture exists within an intermediate region between object and not-object. We introduce a notion of generalized boolean shape operators to combine shapes having such a region.Rendering is accomplished by ray marching from the eye point through the volume to accumulate opacity along each ray. We have implemented our hypertexture rendering algorithms on a traditional serial computer, a distributed network of computers and a coarse-grain MIMD computer. Extensions to the rendering technique incorporating refraction and reflection effects are discussed.
Corrosion Resistance of Next Generation Composite Tube Alloys for Recovery Boilers (2009)

Abstract Composite tubes made with either 304L, A825 or A625 exterior layers are commonly used to construct the lower-furnace waterwalls of black liquor recovery boilers currently operated in North America. While these composite tubes have been very successful in resisting sulphidation corrosion, they have experienced unanticipated problems with the exterior layer, namely cracking, and, to a lesser extent, preferential corrosion of port opening tubes. In an attempt to evaluate the suitability of alternative composite tube alloys, a laboratory-based testing program was conducted to evaluate the corrosion resistance of ferritic stainless steels (Types 430 and 446) and nickel-based alloys (Alloys 600 and 690) in simulated black liquor recovery boiler lower-furnace environments. An effort was made to utilize simulated environments that are believed to reproduce the key features of the various damage modes typically observed in the lower-furnace sections of high-pressure recovery boilers. This report documents the major findings of this effort.
Are there pathways for protein folding? (1968)

Denatured proteins, which have had essentially all of their native three-dimensional structure disrupted, can refold from their random disorderd state into a well-defined unique structure, in which the biological activity is virtually completely restored. This experimental result has lead to the suggestion that a native protein exists in some kind of thermodynamic configurational equilibrium, with the biologically active state being the one of lowest configurational energy. An alternative view is that the native protein is in a uniquely selected metastable state, in which the configurational energy is at a local minimum but not necessarily at an absolute minimum. In this latter model, the protein is not assumed to be in an equilibrium state, and one must postulate some sequence of events which takes place for each molecule so that the protein reaches the correct metastable state.
[Experience with extracorporeal CO2 elimination]. (1987)

The method of extracorporeal CO2-elimination (ECCO2-R) as described by L. Gattinoni [2] and Kolobow [5] is reported in ten patients with severe ARDS in whom conventional respirator therapy had failed. The method itself as well as important pulmonary function parameters, e.g. changes in gas exchange (Fig. 3), extravascular lung fluid (Fig. 6), and chest radiographs are explained. After 7-17 day treatment with the Life-Support System (LSS), seven patients were in satisfactory condition to allowing weaning from the ventilator (Responder). In three cases the lung mechanics and gas exchange were unchanged by the therapy with CO2 removal and high PEEP (Nonresponders). In the responders, oxygenation improved and the intrapulmonary shunt Qs/Qt (Fig. 4) decreased, followed by extravascular lung water and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (Fig. 5). Towards the end of the therapy we could find normalization of the compliance (Fig. 7) and chest X-rays, which may be interpreted as a cure. The results confirm our theory that ECCO2-R in combination with high PEEP and low-frequency ventilation seems to be an important method for future therapy of acute pulmonary failure.
Introduction (2015)

The cases where sexual assaultive behavior leads to the death of the victim have always concerned the public. However, this distinct type of murderous behavior is not something new to society: It has occurred and has alarmed people throughout the centuries. The earliest recorded rape-murder cases can be traced back as far as the 15th century (e.g., Gilles de Rais). According to Wilson and Seaman (1996), another infamous case involved an 8-year-old girl who was murdered in 1867 in Hampshire in the United Kingdom (UK) by Frederick Baker. This recorded case of sexual killing predated the gruesome career of Jack the Ripper, the most infamous British sexual serial killer whom law enforcement agents believed killed and mutilated five London prostitutes in 1888 (Marriner, 1992). Although the 19th century provides periodic recorded examples of sexual homicide comparable with the evidence documented in current times, it is arguably the 20th century that has attracted the most public attention with the most published individual case studies and empirical research on this topic (Carter & Hollin, 2010).
Generation and Characterization of a genetic zebrafish model of SMA carrying the human SMN2gene (2011)

We have generated a transgenic fish carrying the human hSMN2 gene. This gene is spliced in fish as it is in humans and mice suggesting a conserved splicing mechanism in these vertebrates. Moreover, antisense targeting of an intronic splicing silencer site increased the amount of full length SMN generated from this transgene. Having this transgene on the smn mutant fish rescued the presynaptic defect and increased survival. This model of zebrafish SMA has all of the components of human SMA and can thus be used to understand motoneuron dysfunction in SMA, can be used as an vivo test for drugs or antisense approaches that increase full-length SMN, and can be developed for drug screening.
Exploiting the power of OMICS approaches to produce<i>E. coli</i>O157 vaccines (2014)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains are well-documented human pathogens and causative agents of diarrheal episodes and hemorrhagic colitis. The serotype O157:H7 is highly virulent and responsible for both outbreaks and sporadic cases of diarrhea. Because antibiotic treatment is contraindicated against this pathogen, development of a human vaccine could be an effective intervention in public health. In our recent Infection and Immunity paper, we applied integrated approaches of in silico genome wide search combined with bioinformatics tools to identify and test O157 vaccine candidates for their protective effect on a murine model of gastrointestinal infection. Using genomic/immunoinformatic approaches that are further described here, we categorized vaccine candidates as high, medium, and low priorities, and demonstrate that some high priority candidates were able to significantly induce Th2 cytokines and reduce EHEC colonization. Using the STRING database, we have recently evaluated the vaccine candidates and predict functional protein interactions, determining whether correlations exist for the development of a multi-subunit vaccine, targeting different pathways against EHEC O157:H7. The overall approach is designed to screen potential vaccine candidates against EHEC; however, the methodology can be quickly applied to many other intestinal pathogens.
Colorimetric Coulometer (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColorimetric CoulometerT. C. Franklin and C. C. RothCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 7, 1197–1199Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60103a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60103a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views33Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pro: Are we ready to translate Alzheimer's disease modifying therapies to people with Down syndrome? (2014)

Individuals with DS comprise perhaps the largest group of people with genetically determined AD, with a worldwide population of about 6 million people. Only by inclusion can we provide access to rational therapies that offer the greatest chance of benefiting this highly at-risk population.
Vacuum ultraviolet radiometry 3: The argon mini-arc as a new secondary standard of spectral radiance (1977)

A miniature argon arc has been designed and tested as a new transfer standard of spectral radiance for the wavelength range from 114 nm to 330 nm. Calibration has been performed using two primary standard sources: the hydrogen arc from 130 nm to 330 nm and the blackbody line radiator from 114 nm to 130 nm. The mini-arc provides an intense, stable, and reproducible uv continuum with dc power requirements of less than 1.5 kW. The arc characteristics have been investigated, and the sensitivity of the radiant power output to various operating parameters has been measured. The rms uncertainty in the spectral radiance is estimated to be 5.3% above 140 nm and 10.1% between 114 nm and 140 nm, due primarily to uncertainties in the primary standard sources.
Afterimage Improvement for Thin-Film Diode (TFD) Liquid-Crystal Display Utilizing Tantalum Anodic Oxidation in Ammonium Borate Solution (1992)

A thin-film diode liquid-crystal display (TFD-LCD) with anodic-oxidation in an ammonium borate solution was previously found to appear to reduce afterimages. From the experimental results using a TFD element with an oxide film anodized in an ammonium borate solution, the symmetry of the current-voltage characteristic has been found to be superior to that of a conventional TFD fabricated by anodic-oxidation in citric acid and phosphoric acid solutions. The authors have paid attention to the oxide layer state. Using the results of several measurements and analyses, this paper indicates the reason why a TFD-LCD with anodic-oxidation in an ammonium borate solution shows good display performance with a reduced afterimage.
Characterization of transferrin binding proteins 1 and 2 in invasive type b and nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae (1995)

Haemophilus influenzae has the ability to obtain iron from human transferrin via two bacterial cell surface transferrin binding proteins, Tbp1 and Tbp2. Although a wide array of strains have been shown to express these receptor proteins, two studies have recently identified a series of isolates which appeared to lack the ability to bind transferrin. Included in this group were the members of a cryptic genospecies of nontypeable biotype IV strains which appear to possess a tropism for female urogenital tissues and are major etiologic agents of neonatal and postpartum bacteremia due to H. influenzae. The present study employed oligonucleotide primers specific for genes encoding the Tbp proteins of a type b biotype I strain of H. influenzae to probe the genomic DNAs of isolates from the previous studies. The tbpA and tbpB genes which encode Tbp1 and Tbp2, respectively, were detected in all of the strains tested either by PCR amplification directly or by Southern hybridization analysis. All of the strains displayed a transferrin binding phenotype, and affinity isolation of receptor proteins with transferrin-conjugated Sepharose recovered Tbp1 and/or Tbp2 from 11 of 14 strains, including 2 of the nontypeable biotype IV strains. In addition, all of the strains were capable of growing on human transferrin specifically, indicating that the mechanism of iron assimilation from transferrin is functional and is not siderophore mediated. These results confirm the presence of tbp genes in all of the invasive H. influenzae isolates characterized to date, suggesting that Tbp-mediated iron acquisition is important in disease which initiates from either the respiratory or urogenital mucosa.
Context-based surface completion (2004)

Sampling complex, real-world geometry with range scanning devices almost always yields imperfect surface samplings. These "holes" in the surface are commonly filled with a smooth patch that conforms with the boundary. We introduce a context-based method: the characteristics of the given surface are analyzed, and the hole is iteratively filled by copying patches from valid regions of the given surface. In particular, the method needs to determine best matching patches, and then, fit imported patches by aligning them with the surrounding surface. The completion process works top down, where details refine intermediate coarser approximations. To align an imported patch with the existing surface, we apply a rigid transformation followed by an iterative closest point procedure with non-rigid transformations. The surface is essentially treated as a point set, and local implicit approximations aid in measuring the similarity between two point set patches. We demonstrate the method at several point-sampled surfaces, where the holes either result from imperfect sampling during range scanning or manual removal.
Synthesis and Antinociceptive Activity of Orally Active Opioid Peptides: Improvement of Oral Bioavailability by Esterification (2003)

To improve the oral bioavailability of a dermorphin tetrapeptide analog, N(alpha)-1-iminoethyl-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-MebetaAla-OH (III), which has a potent analgesic activity after oral administration, various derivatives were synthesized to increase lipophilicity by esterification of the C-terminal carboxyl group and/or acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group on Tyr1. Antinociceptive activity was evaluated after subcutaneous or oral administration using the mouse tail pressure test. As a result, increased antinociceptive activity after oral administration as well as an improved ED50(p.o.)/ED50(s.c.) ratio, which is an indicator of oral bioavailability, were found for some compounds. With regard to the improvement of bioavailability, derivatives with acylation of the phenolic hydroxyl group on Tyr1 showed better results than derivatives with esterification of the C-terminal carboxyl group. In particular, an ED50(p.o.)/ED50(s.c.) ratio equivalent to that of morphine was found for an acetylated derivative, N(alpha)-1-iminoethyl-Tyr(COMe)-D-MetO-Phe-MebetaAla-OH (7a), as well as for a methoxycarbonylated derivative, N(alpha)-1-iminoethyl-Tyr(CO2Me)-D-MetO-Phe-MebetaAla-OH (7l).
Discovering expressive process models by clustering log traces (2006)

Process mining techniques have recently received notable attention in the literature; for their ability to assist in the (re)design of complex processes by automatically discovering models that explain the events registered in some log traces provided as input. Following this line of research, the paper investigates an extension of such basic approaches, where the identification of different variants for the process is explicitly accounted for, based on the clustering of log traces. Indeed, modeling each group of similar executions with a different schema allows us to single out "conformant" models, which, specifically, minimize the number of modeled enactments that are extraneous to the process semantics. Therefore, a novel process mining framework is introduced and some relevant computational issues are deeply studied. As finding an exact solution to such an enhanced process mining problem is proven to require high computational costs, in most practical cases, a greedy approach is devised. This is founded on an iterative, hierarchical, refinement of the process model, where, at each step, traces sharing similar behavior patterns are clustered together and equipped with a specialized schema. The algorithm guarantees that each refinement leads to an increasingly sound mDdel, thus attaining a monotonic search. Experimental results evidence the validity of the approach with respect to both effectiveness and scalability.
Brain angiogenesis in developmental and pathological processes: therapeutic aspects of vascular endothelial growth factor (2009)

The angiogenic process in the central nervous system (CNS) is basically regulated by typical angiogenic signaling systems such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF receptors and angiopoietin-Tie receptors. In addition to regular endothelial-pericyte interaction, the CNS vasculature has a unique system of cell to cell communication between endothelial cells and astrocytes which is known as the blood-brain barrier. Among the pathological conditions of the CNS vascular network, stroke is a major disease in which the supply of blood is decreased. Pro-angiogenic therapy using natural VEGF-A has so far been unsuccessful, indicating the possible need for a new approach related to upstream or downstream regulators involved in the VEGF-signaling pathway, or alternate VEGF family members. By contrast, a pathological increase in the blood supply in the CNS is seen in brain tumors, in particular malignant gliomas. In phase II clinical trials, anti-VEGF therapies have been shown to suppress tumor growth and improve survival rates to some extent. However, tumor invasion and the distant metastasis of gliomas can occur following anti-angiogenic therapy. Further studies are needed to obtain safer clinical outcomes by developing new strategies with combination therapy using known anti-angiogenic drugs or by developing unique medicines specifically targeting the blood vessels in brain tumors.
Flexible piezoelectric motor based on an acoustic fiber (2000)

A flexible, long (500 mm) and thin (diameter 0.8 mm) steel wire capable of transferring mechanical power from the stator of a piezoelectric motor to the rotor is presented. We experimentally demonstrate that the steel wire, acting as a waveguide and here called “acoustic fiber” by optical analogy, can transfer good mechanical power (maximum torque 1.4×10−5 N m, maximum rotational velocity 3200 rpm) with the unique property of high flexibility. The fiber is well suited to a variety of different applications in which the source of the mechanical power must be at a distance from the load.
Direct reconstruction of functional parameters for dynamic SPECT (1995)

We have developed a dynamic SPECT method which allows the prevalent rotating camera systems to be used. In this method, the parameters of the time-activity curve in each pixel are recovered directly from the projection data, without first reconstructing a series of static images. Preliminary test results show that we can accurately recover time-activity curves for a simple model based on activity values expected for myocardial viability studies with fatty acid tracers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>