gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemically modified ink-jet printed silver electrodes for organic field-effect transistors (2009)

Modification of ink-jet printed silver source and drain electrodes for organic field-effect transistors (FETs) with the electron acceptor 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) was investigated. Solution-based deposition of F4TCNQ onto ink-jet printed silver electrodes formed using either a nanoparticle-based or a metal organic decomposition ink, lead to a greater than tenfold improvement in FET mobility. Using these modified electrodes with the organic semiconductor 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene yields devices with a charge carrier mobility up to 0.9 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a current on/off ratio of 106.
The Removal of Carbon Monoxide from Air. (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Removal of Carbon Monoxide from Air.Arthur B. Lamb, William C. Bray, and J. C. W. FrazerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1920, 12, 3, 213–221Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1920https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50123a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50123a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views937Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Transparent, Polycrystalline Upconverting Nanoceramics: Towards 3‐D Displays (2008)

Transparent, polycrystalline (Y0.86-Yb0.11Er0.03)2O3 with an average grain size of 400 nm on irradiation with 980 nm laser light through a mask upconverts the IR photons emitting red light at 662 nm. A model for a red pixel in a 3-D inverted planetarium display is presented (see figure).
Mechanisms of normal appearing corpus callosum injury related to pericallosal T1 lesions in multiple sclerosis using directional diffusion tensor and 1H MRS imaging (2004)

This study provides further insight into changes in the ADC and diffusion anisotropy based on the diffusion tensor eigenvalues for patients with MS. The changes in the diffusion tensor eigenvalues and NAA:Cr ratio in the NACC for patients with RR/SPMS suggest axonal injury and/or dysfunction induced by wallerian degeneration. The lack of correlation between these variables in the NACC and focal MS lesions for patients with PPMS further supports intrinsic differences related to tissue injury between these subtypes of MS.
Aldosterone binding in bovine ciliary body. (1977)

The presence of aldosterone binding which was not identical with dexamethasone binding was verified in the ciliary body of the bovine eye in vitro. The site of aldosterone binding was presumably located in the non-pigmented layer of ciliary epithelium. Specific aldosterone binding was found also in lens epithelium but not in corneal epithelium. The finding of receptor-like aldosterone binding confirms the concept of possible mineralocorticoid-dependent active sodium transport through the ciliary and lens epithelium in the eye.
Experiments and modelling of rate-dependent transition delay in a stochastic subcritical bifurcation (2018)

Complex systems exhibiting critical transitions when one of their governing parameters varies are ubiquitous in nature and in engineering applications. Despite a vast literature focusing on this topic, there are few studies dealing with the effect of the rate of change of the bifurcation parameter on the tipping points. In this work, we consider a subcritical stochastic Hopf bifurcation under two scenarios: the bifurcation parameter is first changed in a quasi-steady manner and then, with a finite ramping rate. In the latter case, a rate-dependent bifurcation delay is observed and exemplified experimentally using a thermoacoustic instability in a combustion chamber. This delay increases with the rate of change. This leads to a state transition of larger amplitude compared with the one that would be experienced by the system with a quasi-steady change of the parameter. We also bring experimental evidence of a dynamic hysteresis caused by the bifurcation delay when the parameter is ramped back. A surrogate model is derived in order to predict the statistic of these delays and to scrutinize the underlying stochastic dynamics. Our study highlights the dramatic influence of a finite rate of change of bifurcation parameters upon tipping points, and it pinpoints the crucial need of considering this effect when investigating critical transitions.
Organic films containing metal prepared by plasma polymerization (1987)

The organic films containing metal particles were prepared by rf ion plating system. The metal was evaporated during plasma polymerization of organic monomer, in order to make polymer–metal composite materials. The organic films containing metal obtained was observed by transmission electron microscopy to study the structures, and measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to find the ratio of components. These films were found to have mixed metal and metal carbide. Moreover, these films showed the characteristics of semiconductorlike electrical properties.
Performance of turbo equalizers for optical PMD channels (2006)

This paper investigates the performance of iterative (turbo) equalization to mitigate the effects of a polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) in nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) intensity-modulated optical-fiber transmission systems. A PMD can lead to severe distortions in the received electrical signal and is a key limiter for the development of high-bit-rate transmission over currently used fibers. In order to reduce the distortions due to a PMD, the performance of symbol-by-symbol maximum a posteriori (sbs-MAP) soft-in/soft-out (SISO) decoders is studied. The SISO algorithms are adapted to the noise statistics of the optical channel where the photo detector leads to a non-Gaussian signal-dependent noise at the receiver side. The modified SISO algorithms are successfully employed for turbo equalization and results show that iterative (turbo) equalization and decoding for the compensation of a PMD can lead to a tremendous reduction in the bit error ratio (BER). Moreover, it is shown that, due to the robustness of mutual information, the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart can be applied for the design of iterative receivers in optical transmission systems even with a non-Gaussian noise
Longitudinal dynamics of twin electron bunches in the Linac Coherent Light Source (2015)

The recent development of two-color x-ray free-electron lasers, as well as the successful demonstration of high-gradient witness bunch acceleration in a plasma, have generated strong interest in electron bunch trains, where two or more electron bunches are generated, accelerated and compressed in the same accelerating bucket. In this paper we analyze a twin-bunch technique in a high-energy linac, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source. This method allows the generation of two electron bunches with high peak current and independent control of time delay and energy separation. We find that the wakefields in the accelerator structures play an important role in the twin-bunch compression, and they can be used to extend the available time delay range. Based on the theoretical model and simulations we propose several methods to achieve larger time delay.
Chemiluminescence of CdTe Nanocrystals Induced by Direct Chemical Oxidation and Its Size-Dependent and Surfactant-Sensitized Effect (2005)

CdTe nanocrystals (NCs) capped with thioglycolic acid (TGA) were synthesized via a microwave-assisted method. The chemiluminescence (CL) of CdTe NCs induced by directly chemical oxidation and its size-depended and surfactant-sensitized effect in aqueous solution were then investigated. It was found that oxidants, especially hydrogen peroxide and potassium permanganate, could directly oxidize CdTe NCs to produce strong CL emission in basic conditions. The oxidized CL of CdTe NCs displayed size-dependent effect and its intensity increased along with increasing the sizes of the NCs. Moreover, the CL intensity could, if surfactants CTAB or beta-cyclodextrin were added to the above CL system, be sensitized to some degree. The sensitized CL induced by CTAB and beta-cyclodextrin is mainly contributing to the formation of aggregate nanostructure and the micellar micronanoenvironment, respectively. The possible oxidized CL mechanisms were further examined by means of photoluminescence spectra, CL spectra, and transmission electron microscopy studies. The CL properties of CdTe NCs not only will be helpful to study physical chemistry properties of semiconductor nanocrystals but also are expected to find use in many fields such as luminescence devices, bioanalysis, and multicolor labeling probes.
PseudoBend: Producing Haptic Illusions of Stretching, Bending, and Twisting Using Grain Vibrations (2019)

We present PseudoBend, a haptic feedback technique that creates the illusion that a rigid device is being stretched, bent, or twisted. The method uses a single 6-DOF force sensor and a vibrotactile actuator to render grain vibrations to simulate the vibrations produced during object deformation based on the changes in force or torque exerted on a device. Because this method does not require any moving parts aside from the vibrotactile actuator, devices designed using this method can be small and lightweight. Psychophysical studies conducted using a prototype that implements this method confirmed that the method could be used to successfully create the illusion of deformation and could also change users' perception of stiffness by changing the virtual stiffness parameters.
<i>HOXA9</i> inhibits migration of lung cancer cells and its hypermethylation is associated with recurrence in non‐small cell lung cancer (2014)

This study was aimed at understanding the clinicopathological significance of HOXA9 hypermethylation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). HOXA9 hypermethylation was characterized in six lung cancer cell lines, and its clinicopathological significance was analyzed using methylation-specific PCR in 271 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues and 27 fresh-frozen tumor and matched normal tissues from 298 NSCLC patients, and Ki-67 expression was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The promoter region of HOXA9 was highly methylated in six lung cancer cell lines, but not in normal bronchial epithelial cells. The loss of expression was restored by treatment of the cells with a demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC). Transient transfection of HOXA9 into H23 lung cancer cells resulted in the inhibition of cell migration but not proliferation. Conversely, sequence-specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of HOXA9 enhanced cell migration. The mRNA levels of HOXA9 in 27 fresh-frozen tumor tissues were significantly lower than in matched normal tissues (P<0.0001; Wilcoxon signed-rank test). HOXA9 hypermethylation was found in 191 (70%) of 271 primary NSCLCs. HOXA9 hypermethylation was not associated with tumor size (P=0.12) and Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.15). However, patients with HOXA9 hypermethylation had poor recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio=3.98, 95% confidence interval = 1.07-17.09, P=0.01) in never-smokers, after adjusting for age, sex, tumor size, adjuvant therapy, pathologic stage, and histology. In conclusion, the present study suggests that HOXA9 inhibits migration of lung cancer cells and its hypermethylation is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in never-smokers with NSCLC.
2,2'-Dithiobisbenzamides and 2-benzisothiazolones, two new classes of antiretroviral agents: SAR and mechanistic considerations. (1997)

Substituted 2,2'-dithiobisbenzamides and 2-benzisothiazolones were prepared and shown to possess low microM activity with high therapeutic indices against HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV in cell culture. The mechanism of antiviral action was determined to be directed toward the nucleocapsid protein (NCp7), which contains two zinc fingers and plays vital roles in the viral life cycle. The "active sulfides" of this study cause the extrusion of zinc from these zinc fingers. Structure-activity relationships of the 2,2'-dithiobisbenzamides reveal that the disulfide bond and the ortho benzamide functional groups are essential for activity, with the best compounds having a carboxylic acid, carboxamide, or sulfonamide substituent. The 2-benzisothiazolones are formed from the disulfides both chemically and in vivo and their SAR mimics that of the 2,2'-dithiobisbenzamides. The antiviral activity of the disulfides may require cyclization to the isothiazolones. Two agents, PD 159206 and PD 161374, which showed good antiviral activity, physical properties, and excellent pharmacokinetics in mice, were selected for advanced studies.
Physics looks at solar energy (1972)

The idea of using the sun as a source of energy has had a long history, but so far it has been a history of bright hope and dismal failure. In the middle 1950's newspaper headlines were full of glowing predictions of what solar energy could do for mankind; the first International Conference on Applied Solar Energy had been held, and solar energy seemed ready to take its place, along with peaceful uses of atomic energy and with interplanetary exploration, on Vannevar Bush's “endless frontier of science.” And now in the 1970's nuclear power reactors and spaceflight are realities, yet solar energy, as recently as a year ago, was dismissed by a National Academy of Science–National Research Council committee as of no importance in our future—despite the admitted “energy crisis” looming ahead. Whatever happened to the grand predictions? Our search into the history of solar energy started with this question, because we were curious to know if 1970 technology might yield a different result.
Functional Virus-Based Polymer–Protein Nanoparticles by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2011)

Viruses and virus-like particles (VLPs) are useful tools in biomedical research. Their defined structural attributes make them attractive platforms for engineered interactions over large molecular surface areas. In this report, we describe the use of VLPs as multivalent macroinitiators for atom transfer radical polymerization. The introduction of chemically reactive monomers during polymerization provides a robust platform for post-synthetic modification via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. These results provide the basis to construct nanoparticle delivery vehicles and imaging agents using protein-polymer conjugates.
New Route to Synthesis and QSAR Study of 1,2,4‐Aryl Substituted Triazoles (2004)

Several substituted 1,2,4‐triazoles have been synthesized by a new route and characterized by IR, NMR, mass spectral, and x‐ray diffraction studies. The computer programme PASS for the prediction of biological activities established that these compounds are potential candidates for the screening.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of the C(1)–C(11) Subunit of the Iejimalides (1997)

An enantioselective synthesis of the C(1)–C(11) subunit of the iejimalides has been accomplished through a combination of an asymmetric Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons condensation and a chiral pool approach. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Improved antifouling properties of photobioreactors by surface grafted sulfobetaine polymers (2017)

To improve the antifouling (AF) properties of photobioreactors (PBR) for microalgal cultivation, using trihydroxymethyl aminomethane (tris) as the linking agent, a series of polyethylene (PE) films grafted with sulfobetaine (PE-SBMA) with grafting density ranging from 23.11 to 112 μg cm<sup>-2</sup> were prepared through surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP). It was found that the contact angle of PE-SBMA films decreased with the increase in the grafting density. When the grafting density was 101.33 μg cm<sup>-2</sup>, it reached 67.27°. Compared with the PE film, the adsorption of protein on the PE-SBMA film decreased by 79.84% and the total weight of solid and absorbed microalgae decreased by 54.58 and 81.69%, respectively. Moreover, the transmittance of PE-SBMA film recovered to 86.03% of the initial value after cleaning, while that of the PE film recovered to only 47.27%. The results demonstrate that the AF properties of PE films were greatly improved on polySBMA-grafted surfaces.
Time capsules: an abstraction for access to continuous-media data (1990)

The author presents the time capsule abstraction to describe how timed data shall be stored, exchanged, and accessed in a real-time system. When data are written into a time capsule, a time stamp and a duration are associated with the data item. When it is read, a time stamp is used to select the data item. The time capsule abstraction includes the notion of clocks that ensure periodic data access that is typical for continuous-media applications. By modifying the parameters of a clock, effects such as time lapses or slow motion can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conformations of 3-Deazaadenosine, 3-Deaza-8-azaadenosine, and Benzimidazole-1-β-ᴅ-riboside in Solution: HRNMR-, Proton-Relaxation-Time-, and Nuclear-Overhauser- Effect Studies (1978)

The solution conformations of 3-deazaadenosine, 3-deaza-8-azaadenosine, and benzimidazole-1-β- ᴅ-riboside have been determined by nuclear magnetic resonance methods in aqueous and ammonia solutions. The two-state S ⇄ N model of Altona and Sundaralingam is used to analyse the ribose moiety. In order to characterize the orientation of the base relative to the ribose, longitudinal proton relaxation time and nuclear Overhauser enhancement measurements have been carried out. It is shown that 3-deazaadenosine and benzimidazole-1-β-ᴅ-riboside exist preferentially in the S- syn-g + /t (70%) and the N-anti-g + /t (30%) conformation families. In the case of 3-deaza-8-aza- adenosine, some destabilization of the g + rotamer occurs. In this case, the pulsed methods seem to indicate a preference of the base for the anti range.
Evaluation of Different MMIC VCO Design Approaches (1989)

This paper describes the evaluation of six different MMIC voltage controlled oscillators (VCO's). One of the VCO's is meant to be utilized as basis oscillator in a phase-locked loop (PLL), and the VCO's are all especially sensitive to varactor changes. The intention is to find the most suitable solution, and the evaluation criteria are relative bandwidth, tuning sensitivity, power performance, and pulling figure. The measurements show that a series-resonant VCO with two varactors and the DC control voltages fed through spiral inductors is the most favourable solution. However, this solution is area consuming and can be replaced by an area-minimized version with slightly poorer performance.
Completeness and robustness properties of min-wise independent permutations (2000)

We provide several new results related to the concept of min-wise independence. Our main result is that any randomized sampling scheme for the relative intersection of sets based on testing equality of samples yields an equivalent min-wise independent family. Thus, in a certain sense, min-wise independent families are “complete” for this type of estimation. We also discuss the notion of robustness, a concept extending min-wise independence to allow more efficient use of it in practice. A surprising result arising from our consideration of robustness is that under a random permutation from a min-wise independent family, any element of a fixed set has an equal chance to get any rank in the image of the set, not only the minimum as required by definition. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 18: 18–30, 2001
Broadband fiber-chip zero-order surface grating coupler with 04  dB efficiency (2016)

Surface grating couplers enable efficient coupling of light between optical fibers and nanophotonic waveguides. However, in conventional grating couplers, the radiation angle is intrinsically wavelength dependent, thereby limiting their operation bandwidth. In this Letter, we present a zero-order surface grating coupler in silicon-on-insulator which overcomes this limitation by operating in the subwavelength regime. By engineering the effective refractive index of the grating region, both high coupling efficiency and broadband operation bandwidth are achieved. The grating is assisted by a silicon prism on top of the waveguide, which favors upward radiation and minimizes power losses to substrate. Using a linear apodization, our design achieves a coupling efficiency of 91% (-0.41 dB) and a 1-dB bandwidth of 126 nm.
Long Lives for Homozygous Trembler Mutant Mice Despite Virtual Absence of Peripheral Nerve Myelin (1988)

Nervous system functions are dependent on point-to-point communication of signals along neuronal axons, and axonal insulation by myelin is thought to speed such conduction. Loss of previously formed myelin or lack of myelin formation can have serious, even fatal, consequences. Mice homozygous for the trembler mutation make virtually no peripheral nervous system myelin, yet have long and functional lives. This result calls into question the view that peripheral nervous system myelin plays a vital role, at least in this species.
A carbon nanotube based resettable sensor for measuring free chlorine in drinking water (2015)

Free chlorine from dissolved chlorine gas is widely used as a disinfectant for drinking water. The residual chlorine concentration has to be continuously monitored and accurately controlled in a certain range around 0.5–2 mg/l to ensure drinking water safety and quality. However, simple, reliable, and reagent free monitoring devices are currently not available. Here, we present a free chlorine sensor that uses oxidation of a phenyl-capped aniline tetramer (PCAT) to dope single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and to change their resistance. The oxidation of PCAT by chlorine switches the PCAT-SWCNT system into a low resistance (p-doped) state which can be detected by probing it with a small voltage. The change in resistance is found to be proportional to the log-scale concentration of the free chlorine in the sample. The p-doping of the PCAT-SWCNT film then can be electrochemically reversed by polarizing it cathodically. This sensor not only shows good sensing response in the whole concentration range of free chlorine in drinking water but is also able to be electrochemically reset back many times without the use of any reagents. This simple sensor is ideally suited for measuring free chlorine in drinking water continuously.