gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medical Robot and Master Slave System for Minimally Invasive Surgery (2007)

A robotic surgical system reduces stress on the patient, equalizes differences in the quality of local medical service, and enhances emergency medical care and medical education. Robotic surgery is particularly appropriate for minimally invasive surgery (MIS) because it achieves high operational accuracy even in concealed regions. The minimally invasive surgical system introduced in this paper comprises master manipulators operated by a surgeon and slave manipulators that conduct the surgery. The system transmits the total environment of the operating room and reduces the load applied to soft tissues by approximately 30% by implementing an augmented force presentation capability for the surgeon. In the system developed for the total knee arthroplasty (TKA), minimal invasiveness was achieved by generating a tool path employing multiple degrees of freedom of the surgical robot to avoid injury to the soft tissues. The bone-cutting force and resulting temperature rise were limited by employing cutting conditions compatible with bone viability.
Induction of Antigen-Specific Immunity with a Vaccine Targeting NY-ESO-1 to the Dendritic Cell Receptor DEC-205 (2014)

Immune-based therapies for cancer are generating substantial interest because of the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors. This study aimed to enhance anticancer immunity by exploiting the capacity of dendritic cells (DCs) to initiate T cell immunity by efficient uptake and presentation of endocytosed material. Delivery of tumor-associated antigens to DCs using receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in the presence of DC-activating agents elicits robust antigen-specific immune responses in preclinical models. DEC-205 (CD205), a molecule expressed on DCs, has been extensively studied for its role in antigen processing and presentation. CDX-1401 is a vaccine composed of a human mAb specific for DEC-205 fused to the full-length tumor antigen NY-ESO-1. This phase 1 trial assessed the safety, immunogenicity, and clinical activity of escalating doses of CDX-1401 with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists resiquimod (TLR7/8) and Hiltonol (poly-ICLC, TLR3) in 45 patients with advanced malignancies refractory to available therapies. Treatment induced humoral and cellular immunity to NY-ESO-1 in patients with confirmed NY-ESO-1-expressing tumors across various dose levels and adjuvant combinations. No dose-limiting or grade 3 toxicities were reported. Thirteen patients experienced stabilization of disease, with a median duration of 6.7 months (range, 2.4+ to 13.4 months). Two patients had tumor regression (~20% shrinkage in target lesions). Six of eight patients who received immune-checkpoint inhibitors within 3 months after CDX-1401 administration had objective tumor regression. This first-in-human study of a protein vaccine targeting DCs demonstrates its feasibility, safety, and biological activity and provides rationale for combination immunotherapy strategies including immune checkpoint blockade.
<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$W$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Band Micromachined Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna Using SIW and CPW Structures (2018)

A novel W-band (75-110 GHz) surface micromachined Vivaldi antenna fed with a new combination of coplanar waveguide and substrate-integrated waveguide is proposed. The design procedure of the feeding structure and the effects of the antenna's key structural features on its return loss and gain are studied in detail. The selected exponential taper with optimized feeding parameters results in a significantly higher gain (gain > 10 dBi) compared to similar tapered slot antennas reported in the literature over the entire bandwidth of operation. The antenna is fabricated using microfabrication processes, and high correlations between simulation and measurement results confirm its low-loss performance and symmetric and stable radiation pattern over the entire frequency range of 75-110 GHz.
Deux documents sur l’enseignement au XVIIe siècle (1903)

Brun Pierre. Deux documents sur l’enseignement au XVIIe siècle. In: Revue internationale de l'enseignement, tome 46, Juillet-Décembre 1903. pp. 108-117.
Pyramidal Person Re-IDentification via Multi-Loss Dynamic Training (2018)

Most existing Re-IDentification (Re-ID) methods are highly dependent on precise bounding boxes that enable images to be aligned with each other. However, due to the challenging practical scenarios, current detection models often produce inaccurate bounding boxes, which inevitably degenerate the performance of existing Re-ID algorithms. In this paper, we propose a novel coarse-to-fine pyramid model to relax the need of bounding boxes, which not only incorporates local and global information, but also integrates the gradual cues between them. The pyramid model is able to match at different scales and then search for the correct image of the same identity, even when the image pairs are not aligned. In addition, in order to learn discriminative identity representation, we explore a dynamic training scheme to seamlessly unify two losses and extract appropriate shared information between them. Experimental results clearly demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art results on three datasets. Especially, our approach exceeds the current best method by 9.5% on the most challenging CUHK03 dataset.
Reduced serum BCMA levels distinguish patients with primary antibody deficiency (2016)

Abstract B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) is a TNF family receptor that binds a proliferation inducing ligand (APRIL) and B cell activating factor (BAFF). BCMA is expressed by immunoglobulin secreting cells, but not other B cells, and supports their survival. Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common primary immunodeficiency and may lead to infection and complications including autoimmunity, enteropathy, lung disease, and malignancy. PAD patients with these complications have reduced survival, yet there are no validated tests to predict those at risk. We previously demonstrated that BCMA is present in the serum and its levels are elevated in patients with multiple myeloma. As BCMA is expressed by both normal and malignant antibody-producing cells, we examined serum levels of BCMA in PAD. Patients with PAD (n=68) had markedly reduced BCMA levels (median, 7.30) compared with healthy donors (n=119; median, 35.20; P &lt; 0.0001). When subgrouped based upon PAD diagnosis, serum BCMA was reduced compared to controls among those with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) (n=48; median, 7.16; P &lt;0.0001) and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (n=8; median, 2.30; P &lt;0.0001), but not among those with selective IgA deficiency or hyper IgM syndrome. CVID patients with any inflammatory complication, or enteropathy specifically, had significantly lower serum BCMA than CVID patients without complications (P &lt; 0.01 for both). Serum BCMA moderately correlated with isotype-switched memory B cells (r = 0.473), but poorly correlated with IgA, IgG, or IgM levels or total B cell levels. These results demonstrate that reduced serum BCMA levels are found in PAD patients, distinguish types of PAD, and are associated with the development of complications in CVID.
A characterization of a java-based commercial workload on a high-end enterprise server (2006)

While past studies with simple Java benchmarks like SPECjvm98 and SPECjbb2000 have been integral in advancing the industry, this paper illustrates some of the characteristics of a more complex and realistic 3-Tier J2EE (Java 2 Enterprise Edition) commercial workload, SPECjAppServer2004. In the course of this study, we both validate and disprove certain assumptions commonly made by researchers about Java workloads. For instance, on a tuned system having a heap of the appropriate size, the fraction of CPU time spent on garbage collection (GC) for this complex workload is small (<2%) compared to commonly studied benchmarks like SPECjbb2000 and SPECjvm98. In addition to high-level statistics on garbage collection and the execution profile, detailed hardware performance characteristics, such as the branch misprediction rates and lock contention, are evaluated and used to motivate future research directions. We also use statistical correlation to evaluate and compare the relative significance of different hardware events to the overall performance of the system.
Conduction aphasia elicited by stimulation of the left posterior superior temporal gyrus (1999)

This finding suggests that cortical dysfunction, not just white matter disruption, can induce conduction aphasia.
Production of a High-Efficiency TILLING Population through Polyploidization       (2013)

Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) provides a nontransgenic method for reverse genetics that is widely applicable, even in species where other functional resources are missing or expensive to build. The efficiency of TILLING, however, is greatly facilitated by high mutation density. Species vary in the number of mutations induced by comparable mutagenic treatments, suggesting that genetic background may affect the response. Allopolyploid species have often yielded higher mutation density than diploids. To examine the effect of ploidy, we autotetraploidized the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) ecotype Columbia, whose diploid has been used for TILLING extensively, and mutagenized it with 50 mm ethylmethane sulfonate. While the same treatment sterilized diploid Columbia, the tetraploid M1 plants produced good seed. To determine the mutation density, we searched 528 individuals for induced mutations in 15 genes for which few or no knockout alleles were previously available. We constructed tridimensional pools from the genomic DNA of M2 plants, amplified target DNA, and subjected them to Illumina sequencing. The results were analyzed with an improved version of the mutation detection software CAMBa that accepts any pooling scheme. This small population provided a rich resource with approximately 25 mutations per queried 1.5-kb fragment, including on average four severe missense and 1.3 truncation mutations. The overall mutation density of 19.4 mutations Mb(-1) is 4 times that achieved in the corresponding diploid accession, indicating that genomic redundancy engenders tolerance to high mutation density. Polyploidization of diploids will allow the production of small populations, such as less than 2,000, that provide allelic series from knockout to mild loss of function for virtually all genes.
Requirements for a true enterprise-wide security infrastructure: the play's the thing (2002)

Business has certain requirements that must be met if the enterprise is to thrive; some of these requirements are affected by security systems. The relationship of these requirements and supporting business has been well illustrated by the success of enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems and the initial failure and subsequent transformational impact of tools such as spreadsheets. If designed correctly, an enterprise-wide security infrastructure can, in fact, enable new business. However, the best security in the world will not be adequate if the business itself is not supported. This paper describes a set of minimum requirements that must be met if security systems are to meet their promise of enabling entirely new lines of business, and then describes an instantiation of these requirements in a currently available system.
Propriospinal myoclonus with life threatening tonic spasms as paraneoplastic presentation of breast cancer (2005)

Myoclonus is a sudden, shock-like, involuntary movement caused by abnormal neuronal discharges. It may be cortical, subcortical, or spinal (segmental or propriospinal).1 One or a few contiguous spinal segments are involved in segmental myoclonus, while several segments are involved in propriospinal myoclonus since electrical activity spreads upwards and downwards from a spinal generator via propriospinal pathways. Propriospinal myoclonus may be caused by different spinal cord diseases or by drugs.1,2 Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are rare immune mediated disorders associated with several types of cancer. Their pathophysiology is incompletely understood, although it is thought that specific antibodies formed against tumours may cross react with nerve cells.

A 49 year old woman presented with a 9 month history of involuntary, shock-like trunk and leg movements, occurring several times per day. Sporadically, they became prolonged, involved arm muscles, and caused transient respiratory failure. Several unsuccessful therapies included clonazepam, valproate, and gabapentin.

On examination, her gait was wide based, because of fear of falling due to jerks. Tone was normal. Spontaneous sudden, brisk contractions with trunk and lower limb extension were observed. The contractions were also elicited by postural changes and sensory stimuli such as tapping for evoking reflexes. During her hospital stay, the patient daily experienced these myoclonic phenomena with isolated jerks or flurries of repetitive jerks, involving the trunk, legs, and occasionally the arms. Infrequently, they progressed into sustained and prolonged tonic contractions also involving respiratory muscles with acute respiratory failure. Resuscitation was required …
Dietary nitrate increases gastric mucosal blood flow and mucosal defense (2006)

Salivary nitrate from dietary or endogenous sources is reduced to nitrite by oral bacteria. In the acidic stomach, nitrite is further reduced to bioactive nitrogen oxides, including nitric oxide (NO). In this study, we investigated the gastroprotective role of nitrate intake and of luminally applied nitrite against provocation with diclofenac and taurocholate. Mucosal permeability ((51)Cr-EDTA clearance) and gastric mucosal blood flow (laser-Doppler flowmetry) were measured in anesthetized rats, either pretreated with nitrate in the drinking water or given acidified nitrite luminally. Diclofenac was given intravenously and taurocholate luminally to challenge the gastric mucosa. Luminal NO content and nitrite content in the gastric mucus were determined by chemiluminescence. The effect of luminal administration of acidified nitrite on the mucosal blood flow was also investigated in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice. Rats pretreated with nitrate or given nitrite luminally had higher gastric mucosal blood flow than controls. Permeability increased more during the provocation in the controls than in the nitrate- and nitrite-treated animals. Dietary nitrate increased luminal NO levels 50 times compared with controls. Nitrate intake also resulted in nitrite accumulation in the loosely adherent mucous layer; after removal of this mucous layer, blood flow was reduced. Nitrite administrated luminally in endothelial nitric oxide synthase-deficient mice increased mucosal blood flow. We conclude that dietary nitrate and direct luminal application of acidified nitrite decrease diclofenac- and taurocholate-induced mucosal damage. The gastroprotective effect likely involves a higher mucosal blood flow caused by nonenzymatic NO production. These data suggest an important physiological role of nitrate in the diet.
„Klassische“ Organisationstheorien (1976)

In der Entwicklung der traditionellen Organisationstheorie lassen sich zwei Hauptphasen unterscheiden. In der ersten Phase, die auf die Arbeit Taylors zurückgeht, stehen die der Produktion zugrunde liegenden körperlichen Aktivitäten im Mittelpunkt. Zeit- und Methodenstudien sind dafür typisch. Die zweite Phase, für welche die Arbeiten von Gulick und Urwick gute Beispiele sind, beschäftigt sich mehr mit den großen Organisationsproblemen der abteilungsmäßigen Arbeitsteilung und Koordination. In diesem Kapitel wollen wir die wichtigsten Unterscheidungsmerkmale und Probleme dieser beiden Theorien aufzeigen.
NOTES ON THE SPECIES OF RHYNCHAGROTIS, SM., WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. (1908)

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Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 11-Substituted 6-Aminobenzo[<i>c</i>]phenanthridine Derivatives, a New Class of Antitumor Agents (2005)

The synthesis of 11-substituted 6-amino-11,12-dihydrobenzo[c]phenanthridines and 11-substituted 6-aminobenzo[c]phenanthridines through an efficient method is described. The antiproliferative activity of selected compounds against a wide panel of tumor cell lines was tested in the in vitro anticancer screening and the in vivo hollow fiber assay of the National Cancer Institute. Several compounds turned out to exhibit considerable cytotoxicity for tumor cells. For the study of structure-activity relationships different substituents were introduced in the 11-position. Compounds with methoxyphenyl substituents tended to show the highest potency. Several compounds exhibited noteworthy antitumor activity with GI(50) values across all cell lines <1 microM. 6-Amino-11-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)benzo[c]phenanthridine perchlorate was the most potent agent in the NCI's in vivo hollow fiber assay. Most of the tested compounds showed a remarkable selectivity for leukemia, breast cancer, and prostate cancer.
Training Workers for Improving Performance in Crowdsourcing Microtasks (2015)

With the advent and growing use of crowdsourcing labor markets for a variety of applications, optimizing the quality of results produced is of prime importance. The quality of the results produced is typically a function of the performance of crowd workers. In this paper, we investigate the notion of treating crowd workers as ‘learners’ in a novel learning environment. This learning context is characterized by a short-lived learning phase and immediate application of learned concepts. We draw motivation from the desire of crowd workers to perform well in order to maintain a good reputation, while attaining monetary rewards successfully. Thus, we delve into training workers in specific microtasks of different types. We exploit (i) implicit training, where workers are provided training when they provide erraneous responses to questions with priorly known answers, and (ii) explicit training, where workers are required to go through a training phase before they attempt to work on the task itself. We evaluated our approach in 4 different types of microtasks with a total of 1200 workers, who were subjected to either one of the proposed training strategies or baseline case of no training. The results show that workers who undergo training depict an improvement in performance upto 5 %, and a reduction in the task completion time upto 41 %. Additionally, crowd training led to the elimination of malicious workers and a costs-benefit gain upto nearly 15 %.
Expression of Transforming Growth Factor β <sub>1</sub> , β <sub>2</sub> , and β <sub>3</sub> in Multinodular Goiters and Differentiated Thyroid Carcinomas: A Comparative Study (1999)

The various isoforms of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) are growth-inhibiting cytokines for cells of epithelial origin. In malignant thyroid tumors, several studies documented a high expression of TGFbeta in the majority of thyroid follicular cells suggesting a possible role as an inhibitor of cell proliferation. In contrast to this uniform pattern of TGFbeta expression in thyroid cancer, scarce and controversial data have been reported on the expression of TGFbeta in benign multinodular goiter. In the present study, we therefore analyzed the expression of TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3 in normal thyroid tissue, multinodular goiters and papillary thyroid carcinomas by immunohistochemistry. In normal thyroid tissue, expression of the 3 TGFbeta isoforms was barely detectable. However, in the carcinomas, almost all epithelial cells displayed immunoreactivity for the three TGFbeta isoforms. In the nodules from multinodular goiters, all 3 isoforms were found to be expressed although the immunolocalization of the 3 proteins was highly variable. TGFbeta-immunostaining was found in scattered clusters of variable size and, its expression pattern was heterogenous among individual cells within single follicles. TGFbeta-positivity was present in spite of immunostaining for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), a marker for actively proliferating cells. In conclusion, this study shows that thyroid carcinomas and benign tumors express the TGFbeta1, TGFbeta2, and TGFbeta3 isoforms. In contrast to the abundant and homogeneous expression in differentiated thyroid carcinomas, TGFbeta expression displays a highly variable interfollicular and intrafollicular pattern in multinodular goiters, suggesting an important role of TGFbeta isoforms in tumorigenesis of thyroid cells.
Ozone: A Review of Recent Experimental, Clinical and Epidemiological Evidence, with Notes on Causation—Part 1 (1995)

Part 1 of this review is concerned with theoretical issues of ozone dosimetry, animal and cellular studies that illustrate the mechanism of action of ozone on living tissues, and with clinical studies. Animal studies have indicated that there are long term effects from low level long term ozone exposure. Clinical studies involve controlled ozone exposures on human subjects, both normals and asthmatics. Exercise concomitant with the ozone exposure increases the effect of the gas. It is concluded that the induction of an inflammatory response in the airway, both in the nose and in the lung, is the striking and earliest feature of ozone exposure. Current unexplained observations include: the dissociation between the inflammatory and function test response; the mechanisms of ‘adaptation’ and of airway hyperresponsiveness; and the phenomena that underlie the effect of ozone on maximal athletic performance.
Control of vertical position of the maxilla in orthognathic surgery: clinical application of the sandwich splint. (1990)

The Le Fort I osteotomy can be used to change the position of the maxilla in all three dimensions. A presurgically fabricated occlusal splint is used to reproduce the planned sagittal and transverse position of the maxilla. Various methods for determining the proper vertical position have been described. The major difficulty in vertical control when these techniques are used is the sagittal change of the lower reference point as the maxilla is advanced. The relative error in the vertical plane increases with larger sagittal movements. The sandwich splint technique, with two stable intraoral reference points, can be used to ensure proper vertical positioning of the maxilla. This method enables exact measurement of the vertical dimension during cast surgery and in the operating room. Vertical measurements are based on the relationship between the mandible and skull base. This distance remains constant during splint fabrication and when the splint is used at surgery. Postoperatively, the mandible can be rotated into the new centric occlusion.
Toughening of Epoxy Resins by Epoxidized Soybean Oil (1993)

Homogeneous mixtures of a liquid rubber based on prepolymers of epoxidized soybean oil with amines, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A epoxy resins, and commercial diamines form, under certain conditions, two-phase thermosetting materials that consist of a rigid epoxy matrix and randomly distributed small rubbery soybean particles (0.1-5 µm). These two-phase thermosets have improved toughness, similar to that of other rubber-modified epoxies, low water absorption, and low sodium content. In comparison to the unmodified thermosets, the two-phase thermosets exhibit slightly lower glass-transition temperatures and Young's moduli, but their dielectric properties do not change. The epoxidized soybean oil is available at a price below that of commercial epoxy resins and appears very attractive for epoxy toughening on an industrial scale.