gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An in vitro method to manipulate the direction and functional strength between neural populations (2015)

We report the design and application of a Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMs) device that permits investigators to create arbitrary network topologies. With this device investigators can manipulate the degree of functional connectivity among distinct neural populations by systematically altering their geometric connectivity in vitro. Each polydimethylsilxane (PDMS) device was cast from molds and consisted of two wells each containing a small neural population of dissociated rat cortical neurons. Wells were separated by a series of parallel micrometer scale tunnels that permitted passage of axonal processes but not somata; with the device placed over an 8 × 8 microelectrode array, action potentials from somata in wells and axons in microtunnels can be recorded and stimulated. In our earlier report we showed that a one week delay in plating of neurons from one well to the other led to a filling and blocking of the microtunnels by axons from the older well resulting in strong directionality (older to younger) of both axon action potentials in tunnels and longer duration and more slowly propagating bursts of action potentials between wells. Here we show that changing the number of tunnels, and hence the number of axons, connecting the two wells leads to changes in connectivity and propagation of bursting activity. More specifically, the greater the number of tunnels the stronger the connectivity, the greater the probability of bursting propagating between wells, and shorter peak-to-peak delays between bursts and time to first spike measured in the opposing well. We estimate that a minimum of 100 axons are needed to reliably initiate a burst in the opposing well. This device provides a tool for researchers interested in understanding network dynamics who will profit from having the ability to design both the degree and directionality connectivity among multiple small neural populations.
Spectral content of forced expiratory wheezes during air, He, and SF6 breathing in normal humans (1992)

The effect of gas density on the spectral content of forced expiratory wheezes was studied in the search for additional information on the mechanism of generation of respiratory wheezes. Five normal adults performed forced vital capacity maneuvers through four or five orifice resistors (0.4-1.92 cm ID) after breathing air, 80% He-20% O2, or 80% SF6-20% O2. Tracheal lung sounds, flow, volume, and airway opening (Pao) and esophageal (Pes) pressures were measured during duplicate runs for each orifice and gas. Wheezes were detected in running spectra of lung sounds by use of a frequency domain peak detection algorithm. The wheeze spectrograms were presented along side expiratory flow rate and transpulmonary pressure (Ptp = Pao - Pes) as function of volume. The frequencies and patterns of wheeze spectrograms were evaluated for gas density effects. We found that air, He, and SF6 had similar wheeze spectrograms. Both wheeze frequency and patterns (as function of volume) did not exhibit consistent changes with gas density. Speech tone, however, was substantially affected in the usual pattern. These observations support the hypothesis that airway wall vibratory motion, rather than gas phase oscillations, is the source of acoustic energy of wheezes.
It's a TRaP (2015)

Code-reuse attacks continue to evolve and remain a severe threat to modern software. Recent research has proposed a variety of defenses with differing security, efficiency, and practicality characteristics. Whereas the majority of these solutions focus on specific code-reuse attack variants such as return-oriented programming (ROP), other attack variants that reuse whole functions, such as the classic return-into-libc, have received much less attention. Mitigating function-level code reuse is highly challenging because one needs to distinguish a legitimate call to a function from an illegitimate one. In fact, the recent counterfeit object-oriented programming (COOP) attack demonstrated that the majority of code-reuse defenses can be bypassed by reusing dynamically bound functions, i.e., functions that are accessed through global offset tables and virtual function tables, respectively.
Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Incorporating Adaptive Filtering and Dispersion Management (2013)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text X. Yang, K. Hammani, D. J. Richardson, and P. Petropoulos, "Passively Mode-Locked Fiber Laser Incorporating Adaptive Filtering and Dispersion Management," in CLEO: 2013, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2013), paper CM1I.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Structure−Activity Relationships of the 7-Substituents of 5,4‘-Diamino-6,8,3‘-trifluoroflavone, a Potent Antitumor Agent (1998)

Recently, we reported that 5,4'-diamino-6,8,3'-trifluoroflavone (1b) exhibits potent antitumor activity against certain types of human cancer cell lines both in vitro and in vivo. Since the antiproliferative activity of 5,4'-diaminoflavone (1a), the lead compound of 1b, was modulated by the addition of apigenin, we hypothesized that the 7-position is important for the interaction with a putative target molecule. On the basis of this hypothesis, the structure-activity relationships of the substituents at the 7-position of 1b were explored. As a result, 7-methyl (7a), 7-hydroxymethyl (7l), 7-(acyloxy)methyl (9a,c,e,g,j), and 7-aminomethyl (12f) derivatives were found to exhibit comparable or superior antitumor activity to compound 1b against MCF-7 cells both in vitro and in vivo (po administration). In particular, compounds 9e,g,j, and 12f were sufficiently water-soluble as compared with 1b which hardly solubilizes in water. A lipophilic 7-(hexanoyloxy)methyl derivative (9c) was also found to exhibit strong antitumor activity especially in vivo. Since the modes of action and the target molecule(s) are unknown, a mechanistic study will be important in the future.
Microperimetry of Nascent Geographic Atrophy in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2014)

Areas of nGA were characterized by worse microperimetric retinal sensitivity compared with nonatrophic areas in eyes with intermediate AMD, but better retinal sensitivity compared with areas of drusen-associated atrophy detected on SD-OCT. Areas of nGA were also not always the worst performing point in an eye. These findings further our understanding of the functional changes occurring in novel SD-OCT identified pathological changes in intermediate AMD.
Surface Second-Harmonic Generation from Vertical GaP Nanopillars (2012)

We report on the experimental observation and analysis of second-harmonic generation (SHG) from vertical GaP nanopillars. Periodic arrays of GaP nanopillars with varying diameters ranging from 100 to 250 nm were fabricated on (100) undoped GaP substrate by nanosphere lithography and dry etching. We observed a strong dependence of the SHG intensity on pillar diameter. Analysis of surface and bulk contributions to SHG from the pillars including the calculations of the electric field profiles and coupling efficiencies is in very good agreement with the experimental data. Complementary measurements of surface optical phonons by Raman spectroscopy are also in agreement with the calculated field intensities at the surface. Finally, polarization of the measured light is used to distinguish between the bulk and surface SHG from GaP nanopillars.
A Novel and Concise Synthesis of Spirodienone Alkaloids Using Hypervalent Iodine(III) Reagents (2004)

Intramolecular oxidative coupling reaction of N-protected benzyltetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives using hypervalent iodine(III) reagents was investigated. The use of remarkable combination of phenyliodine bis (trifluoroacetate) (PIFA) and heteropoly acid (HPA) in wet acetonitrile smoothly afforded morphinandienone alkaloids, while neospirinedienone alkaloids were obtained in high yield under anhydrous conditions.
Blind Woman's Buff: Optical Illusions of Feminist Progress in Juan Marsé, El amante bilingüe (2000)

(2000). Blind Woman's Buff: Optical Illusions of Feminist Progress in Juan Marse, El amante bilingue. Journal of Iberian and Latin American Studies: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 29-41.
Self-Assembled Molecular Nanowires of 6,13-Bis(methylthio)pentacene: Growth, Electrical Properties, and Applications (2008)

We demonstrate a comprehensive study of self-assembled molecular nanowire, including molecular design, one-dimensional crystal growth, resistivity measurement of individual wire, and application to a field-effect transistor. Appropriate molecular design and control of interfacial interactions lead to single crystalline wire growth with an extensive pi-stacking motif. Resistivity measurements of an individual molecular wire indicate that these structural features are advantageous for electrical transport. Finally, field-effect transistors with single- and double-wire channels were fabricated to give some indication of the potential application of the molecular wires.
Experimental evidence of pseudoperiodical soliton propagation in dispersion-managed links (1999)

A new technique for measuring chirp evolution of Gaussian-like pulses transmitted on single-mode fiber is presented. It is used in a recirculation loop experiment to characterize propagation in anomalous-dispersion regime over megametrical distances. In-quadrature periodical variations of the two characteristic parameters of pulses (i.e., spectral width and chirp) are measured versus distance for different values of prechirp and in-line power. This constitutes the first experimental evidence of pseudoperiodical soliton propagation in dispersion-managed links. It also demonstrates that the prechirp is a key element for the control of nonlinearity as predicted by the theory.
Hierarchical Imitation and Reinforcement Learning (2018)

We study how to effectively leverage expert feedback to learn sequential decision-making policies. We focus on problems with sparse rewards and long time horizons, which typically pose significant challenges in reinforcement learning. We propose an algorithmic framework, called hierarchical guidance, that leverages the hierarchical structure of the underlying problem to integrate different modes of expert interaction. Our framework can incorporate different combinations of imitation learning (IL) and reinforcement learning (RL) at different levels, leading to dramatic reductions in both expert effort and cost of exploration. Using long-horizon benchmarks, including Montezuma's Revenge, we demonstrate that our approach can learn significantly faster than hierarchical RL, and be significantly more label-efficient than standard IL. We also theoretically analyze labeling cost for certain instantiations of our framework.
Peptide Specificity of Thymic Selection of CD4+CD25+ T Cells (2002)

The CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells can be found in the thymus, but their need to undergo positive and negative selection has been questioned. Instead, it has been hypothesized that CD4(+)CD25(+) cells mature following TCR binding to MHC backbone, to low abundant MHC/peptide complexes, or to class II MHC loaded with peripheral autoantigens. In all these circumstances, processes that are distinct from positive and negative selection would govern the provenance of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in the thymus. By comparing the development of CD4(+)CD25(-) and CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in mice expressing class II MHC molecules bound with one or many peptide(s), we show that the CD4(+)CD25(+) cells appear during natural selection of CD4(+) T cells. The proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells in the population of CD4(+) thymocytes remains constant, and their total number reflects the complexity of selecting class II MHC/peptide complexes. Hence, thymic development of CD4(+)CD25(+) cells does not exclusively depend on the low-density, high-affinity MHC/peptide complexes or thymic presentation of peripheral self-Ags, but, rather, these cells are selected as a portion of the natural repertoire of CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, while resistant to deletion mediated by endogenous superantigen(s), these cells were negatively selected on class II MHC/peptide complexes. We postulate that while the CD4(+)CD25(+) thymocytes are first detectable in the thymic medulla, their functional commitment occurs in the thymic cortex.
Preoxygenation Techniques in the Obstetric Patient (1989)

Preoxygenation is an established practice before rapid sequence induction, especially in the obstetric patient where mechanical ventilation is undesirable before endotracheal intubation. The current study was designed to assess the quality of oxygenation produced by 3 minutes of preoxygenation as compared to that produced by 4 vital capacity breaths.
Laboratory instrumentation and techniques for characterizing multi-junction solar cells for space applications (1996)

An integrated system is described which consists of a spectral radiometer and dual-source solar simulator, and personal computer-based current-voltage and quantum efficiency equipment. The apparatus was used to measure the dependence of the absolute external quantum efficiency of triple-junction a-Si:H alloy solar cells. The cells were measured under AM0 light bias at various forward-bias voltages including the maximum-power point. The quantum efficiencies of the cells were measured with both spectral-light bias and AM0 light bias.
Order, Sequence, and Retest Effects with the S-I-O Procedure (1963)

192 college student Ss individually took two administrations of a modified version of the Butler and Haigh Self (S)—Ideal Self (I)—Ordinary Person (O) Q-sort in one of eight order/sequence combinations: ISO, IOS, SIO, OIS, SOI, OSI, SO, and OS. The adjustment scores for the S and O concepts demonstrated significant increases upon retesting. Both the general level of the O adjustment score, and the congruence of the S and O concepts, increased as the serial position prominence of the I concept decreased. It was concluded that the usual finding of mean O adjustment scores substantially lower than mean S adjustment scores is attributable to the prominent position of the I concept in the conventional S-I-O order/sequence.
Comparison of cell block preparation methods for nongynecologic ThinPrep specimens (2007)

Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare four cell block (CB) methods in the setting of nongynecologic ThinPrep (TP) specimens. 48 CBs were prepared from 12 nongynecologic TP specimens using the following CB methods: (1) Inverted filter sedimentation (IFS); (2) Thrombin method; (3) Albumin method; (4) Simple sedimentation. Each CB was assigned a cellularity score: 0 no cells, 1+ hypocellular, 2+ hypocellular with tissue fragments, 3+ cellular. A score of 2+ or 3+ was given for 11/12 of thrombin, 7/12 IFS, 5/12 albumin, and 2/12 simple sedimentation CBs. Thrombin CBs demonstrated a pale background clot with evenly distributed cells. Albumin CBs had a cracked uneven background. IFS CBs had a clear background, but were technically difficult and cells appeared artifactually crowded. In the setting of nongynecologic TP specimens, the thrombin CB was easily prepared and produced the best CB in regards to cellularity, cell distribution, and background quality. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:640–643. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exendin-4 Stimulation of Cyclin A2 in β-Cell Proliferation (2008)

Cyclin A2 is required for beta-cell proliferation, exendin-4 stimulates cyclin A2 expression via the cAMP pathway, and exendin-4 stimulation of cAMP requires PDX-1.
A Novel Diamino-Pyridine Derivative Prevents Excessive Leukocyte Infiltration in Aggravation of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis (1999)

Leukocyte infiltration in the pancreas is involved in the aggravation of acute pancreatitis from edematous phase into necrotic change, and mild disease into severe disease; however, the mechanism responsible for leukocyte accumulation is not fully understood. This study was designed to clarify the mechanism underlying leukocyte accumulation into the pancreas and to elucidate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel diamino-pyridine derivative, IS-741 on leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction using rat necrotizing pancreatitis model. The number of adherent leukocytes to pancreatic collecting venules assessed by in vivo fluorescence microscopy increased significantly in necrotizing pancreatitis animals in a time-dependent manner. The expression of CD11b on circulating neutrophils determined by flow cytometric analysis was enhanced to approximately 500% after 2 h. IS-741 attenuated the leukocyte adherence significantly, accompanied by a lower up-regulation of CD11b. These findings were further supported by the histological examination that the accumulation of leukocytes in the pancreas was remarkably inhibited by IS-741. These results suggest that the leukocyte accumulation in the early phase of acute necrotizing pancreatitis may be mediated by leukocyte-endothelial cell interaction via leukocyte integrin CD11b/18. IS-741 attenuated the leukocyte endothelial cell interaction as a consequence of its inhibitory effect on CD11b upregulation.
Atraumatic Flexor tendon retrieval- a simple method (2013)

We have found this technique is very simple and very effective in retrieving the retracted tendon stump without causing undue damage to the tendon stump or tendon sheath.
False color signal reduction method for single chip color video cameras (1994)

Video devices such as VCRs have been increasingly digitalized and it is necessary to improve the picture quality of cameras to cope with digitalized video devices. For the single-chip color video cameras with a line sequential color difference signals system, which are primarily used at present as the camera units for home-use and ITV (industrial television), the authors have studied a luminance signal generation method for low attenuation of high-frequency components using the correlation of the ratio between the chrominance signal and the luminance signal in localized image areas. Using a luminance signal with low attenuation of the high-frequency components, the writers have studied a method of reducing the false color signal generated in single-chip color video cameras through the application of image simulation, and have obtained a favorable result as reported in the present paper.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comparative Study of Photosensitive Versus Non-Photosensitive Developer-Soluble Bottom Anti-Reflective Coating Systems (2010)

Developer-soluble bottom anti-reflective coatings (DBARCs) were originally designed for use in implant lithography processes. Throughout the development cycle, two main DBARC platforms emerged, non-photosensitive DBARC (non-PS DBARC) and photosensitive DBARC (PS DBARC). While both platforms have been able to achieve acceptable performance for implant processes, each has advantages and disadvantages. The characteristics of each system are used to recommend a platform for use in various implant processes. DBARC processes are now being compared to single-layer resist and dry BARC processes due to additional applications such as wet-etch layers for high-k dielectric metal gate (HKMG). Integrating a new technology into production is complicated. Therefore, for each of these new applications, the different DBARC platforms have been reviewed to compare performance. The analysis allows us to recommend a DBARC and a favorable process for each application, thereby decreasing development time and cost.
BMD at Multiple Sites and Risk of Fracture of Multiple Types: Long-Term Results From the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2003)

Finding effective prevention strategies for fractures in older women will require additional interventions beside preventions for bone loss, such as prevention of falls and other fracture risk factors.
Inter-operability and distributed application platform design (1996)

Interceptionis the process which creates and inserts the appropriate gateways when a binding between a client and a server is established across domain boundaries. The inserted gateways can perform the required transformations in the case of technical differences, the checking and vetting in cases where administrative boundaries are necessary, and the monitoring where auditing is required.The paper introduce a model of interception and then shows how it can be used to explain the implementation alternatives which face system and application integrators who are concerned with interoperability between different distributed platforms. The paper then looks in detail at one application of interception, namely that of passing interface references through domain boundaries. In particular the structure of interface references required to facilitate the different implementations, and the role of binding in this process are explained. The implications of implementing the different approaches on the design of distributed platforms are then discussed.This paper provides a model which explains the issues discussed in the OMG CORBA Universal Networked Object (UNO) proposal [UNO 95], as well as discussing some of the issues which are not tackled by the proposal.
Average oxidation state of carbon in proteins (2014)

The formal oxidation state of carbon atoms in organic molecules depends on the covalent structure. In proteins, the average oxidation state of carbon (Z(C)) can be calculated as an elemental ratio from the chemical formula. To investigate oxidation-reduction (redox) patterns, groups of proteins from different subcellular locations and phylogenetic groups were selected for comparison. Extracellular proteins of yeast have a relatively high oxidation state of carbon, corresponding with oxidizing conditions outside of the cell. However, an inverse relationship between Z(C) and redox potential occurs between the endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. This trend provides support for the hypothesis that protein transport and turnover are ultimately coupled to the maintenance of different glutathione redox potentials in subcellular compartments. There are broad changes in Z(C) in whole-genome protein compositions in microbes from different environments, and in Rubisco homologues, lower Z(C) tends to occur in organisms with higher optimal growth temperature. Energetic costs calculated from thermodynamic models are consistent with the notion that thermophilic organisms exhibit molecular adaptation to not only high temperature but also the reducing nature of many hydrothermal fluids. Further characterization of the material requirements of protein metabolism in terms of the chemical conditions of cells and environments may help to reveal other linkages among biochemical processes with implications for changes on evolutionary time scales.
24‐hour blood pressure profiles in hypertensive patients administered ramipril or placebo once daily: Magnitude and duration of antihypertensive effects (1991)

Ramipril is a new, potent nonsulfhydryl inhibitor of angiotensin converting enzyme. The magnitude and duration of its antihypertensive effect were evaluated in a multicenter, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial conducted in 100 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. Ramipril significantly reduced both supine and standing blood pressures measured 24 h after dosing. Automated blood pressure monitoring showed that ramipril significantly reduced systolic and diastolic pressures for 24 h after dosing. The peak effect occurred between 3 and 6 h after dosing, with approximately 50% of this effect retained after 24 h. Ramipril was well tolerated; there was no significant difference between active drug and placebo in the overall incidence of side effects. Ramipril is an effective and well-tolerated antihypertensive agent, which reduces both supine and standing blood pressure over the entire 24-h period after dosing.