gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroxytyrosol Promotes Superoxide Production and Defects in Autophagy Leading to Anti-proliferation and Apoptosis on Human Prostate Cancer Cells (2013)

Hydroxytyrosol, an important polyphenolic compound found in olive oil, has shown anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo. However, effects of hydroxytyrosol on prostate cancer are largely unkown. We found that hydroxytyrosol preferentially reduces the viability of human prostate cancer cells (PC-3, DU145) compared to an immortalized non-malignant prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1). Exposure of PC-3 cells to 80 µmol/L hydroxytyrosol resulted in significant increases in both superoxide production and activation of apoptosis. These increases were accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, defects in autophagy, and activation of MAP kinases. Moreover, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an efficient reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, was able to reverse the hydroxytyrosol-induced effects of cell viability loss, defects in autophagy, and activation of apoptosis. This evidence suggests that ROS play a vital role in the loss of PC-3 cell viability. However, MAPK inhibitors including U0126 (for Erk1/2), SB203580 (for p38MAPK) and SP600125 (for JNK) did not decrease hydroxytyrosol-induced growth inhibition, suggesting that these kinases may not be required for the growth inhibitory effect of hydroxytyrosol. Moreover, addition of ROS scavengers (i.e. NAC, catalase, pyruvate, SOD) in the growth media can prevent hydroxytyrosol induced cell viability loss, suggesting that extracellular ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) facilitate the anti-proliferation effect of hydroxytyrosol in prostate cancer cells. The present work firstly shows that hydroxytyrosol induces apoptotic cell death and mitochondrial dysfunction by generating superoxide in PC-3 cells. This research presents preliminary evidence on the in vitro chemopreventive effect of hydroxytyrosol, and will contribute to further investigation of hydroxytyrosol as an anti-cancer agent.
Direct correlation between expression of endogenous inducible nitric oxide synthase and regression of M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma hepatic metastases in mice treated with liposomes containing lipopeptide CGP 31362. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) can serve as a target for immunotherapeutic agents for treatment of murine reticulum cell sarcoma metastases. Liver metastases were established by the i.v. injection of M5076 cells into syngeneic C57BL/6 mice. Multiple systemic administrations of multilamellar vesicle-liposomes (MLV) containing the lipopeptide CGP 31362 (MLV-31362) or MLV-31362 combined with murine IFN-gamma eradicated the metastases. Tumor regression correlated with iNOS expression within the tumor lesions detected by Northern blot and immunohistochemistry techniques and with increased production of nitric oxide (NO). The administration of a specific iNOS inhibitor, NG-methyl-L-arginine, significantly decreased NO production and diminished the antitumor activities of the immunomodulators. Consistent with the regression of hepatic metastases, the combination of MLV-31362 and IFN-gamma synergistically induced iNOS gene expression, NO production, and apoptosis in the tumor cells under in vitro and in vivo conditions. The addition of NMA prevented the production of NO and apoptosis. These data imply that multiple systemic administrations of MLV-31362 plus IFN-gamma activate endogenous iNOS in sarcoma cells, which then undergo apoptosis, leading in turn to the regression of M5076 sarcoma hepatic metastases.
A comparative study of secret code variants in terms of keystroke dynamics (2008)

The rise of the Internet and the push for ubiquitous computing has brought a proliferation of numerous single method solutions, forcing users to remember numerous secret codes, a task that is becoming increasingly difficult. On the web, codes are used by publications, blogs, webmail, e-commerce sites, and financial institutions. Elsewhere, they serve as authentication mechanism for internet service providers (ISPs), email servers, local and remote host account, ATM, voicemails and so on. Existing textual passwords, token based systems, and other methods often do not offer the necessary security standard. Fortunately biometric systems that are based on the biological features of the user when typing texts are very promising in enhancing the de facto textual password. The main objective of this paper is to assess and report on the suitability of keystroke dynamics in protecting access to resources when users are typing the different types of password that exist.
Tracing sustainability in global food chains (2015)

This article briefly discusses the different systems for tracing sustainability in global food chains and pays particular attention to the marketisation of sustainability through certificates.
Hydrogen Adsorption and Diffusion on the Anatase TiO<sub>2</sub>(101) Surface: A First-Principles Investigation (2011)

The mechanisms of adsorption of hydrogen on the anatase TiO2(101) surface and of its diffusion in the bulk are investigated with DFT calculations and compared with similar results obtained for the diffusion of hydrogen on the rutile (110) surface. Because of the different oxygen environments in anatase and rutile surfaces, the H binding energy on the anatase surface is 0.2−0.3 eV smaller than in rutile. Various processes for H diffusion are investigated using the climbing nudged-elastic-band (cNEB) approach. We have identified three main diffusion mechanisms, leading to migration of H on the surface, diffusion into the bulk, and desorption of H2 molecule. Our calculated activation barrier (Eact) shows that migration of H into the bulk is the kinetically most favorable process.
Role of rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current in sinoatrial node pacemaker activity (1995)

A rapidly activating component of delayed rectifier K+ current (IK,r) was dissected using a selective blocker, E-4031, during the action potential clamp (AP clamp) in rabbit sinoatrial node cells. Application of E-4031 induced a large compensation current, of which amplitude was similar to or larger than the net current during repolarization and was maximum (2.2 +/- 0.2 pA/pF) at -46.0 +/- 1.8 mV (n = 13). During the slow diastolic depolarization, the compensation current gradually decayed and then abruptly decreased at the peak of action potential. The time-dependent change of IK,r was calculated using a mathematical model, in which independent gates of activation and inactivation were assumed based on the whole cell voltage-clamp experiments. The reconstructed IK,r corresponded well with the E-4031-sensitive current measured by the AP clamp method. Partial block of IK,r by E-4031 in spontaneously beating cells decreased the action potential amplitude, maximum rate of rise, and maximum rate of repolarization and induced a positive shift of the maximum diastolic potential. Complete block of IK,r terminated the spontaneous action potential at -37.4 +/- 2.9 mV (n = 3). It is concluded that IK,r plays an essential role in determining the maximum diastolic potential and ensures the firing of the following action potential in sinoatrial node cells.
Implicit Solvent Simulations of DPC Micelle Formation (2005)

The formation of micelles by dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) is modeled by treating the surfactants in atomic detail and the solvent implicitly, in the spirit of the EEF1 solvation model for proteins. The solvation parameters of the DPC atoms are carried over from those of similar atoms in proteins. A slight adjustment of the parameters for the headgroup was found necessary for obtaining an aggregation number consistent with experiment. Molecular dynamics simulations of 960 DPC molecules at different concentrations are used to obtain the aggregation number, the micelle size distribution, and the CMC. At 20 mM concentration we obtain an aggregation number of 53-56 and a CMC of 1.25 mM, values close to the experimental ones. At 100 mM the aggregation number increases to 90. Simulations of individual micelles of varying size show that the effective energy per surfactant molecule is initially a decreasing function of aggregation number but stabilizes at about 60 molecules. The van der Waals term and the desolvation of nonpolar groups contribute to micellization, whereas the desolvation of polar groups opposes it. From the difference between the effective energy and the free energy (calculated from the CMC), the translational and rotational entropy contributions to the free energy are estimated at about 7 kcal/mol per monomer. The micelles obtained here are more irregular than those obtained in explicit water simulations. This modeling approach allows the study of larger surfactant aggregates for longer times and the extraction of thermodynamic in addition to structural information.
Doughnut mode magneto-optical trap (1997)

We have developed a magneto-optical trap that is well suited for high-resolution spectroscopy. It uses a combination of doughnut mode (Laguerre–Gaussian TEM01) and TEM00 cooling beams rather than the usual TEM00 cooling beams. This configuration allows us to tailor the intensity distribution within the magneto-optical trap such that the atoms are cooled from the background vapor by the intense TEM01 beams and then trapped by the weak TEM00 beams. This greatly reduces the magnitude of the ac-Stark shift and the line broadening induced by the cooling lasers, allowing high-resolution spectroscopy to be performed in the presence of the cooling beams.
Design and Operation of an Intense Neutral Beam Source (1973)

We describe a neutral beam source capable of producing pulsed deuterium beams of up to 15 A equivalent current at 20 keV for heating and sustaining fusion plasmas. It consists of a large-area plasma source, multiple-aperture accel-decel extractor, and closely coupled charge-exchange cell. A larger source, to produce 80 A equivalent deuterium beams at 20 keV, is being constructed.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3 induce cell cycle progression through the synthesis of c-Myc protein by internal ribosome entry site–mediated translation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in human factor–dependent leukemic cells (2003)

To investigate the roles of c-myc during hematopoietic proliferation induced by growth factors, we used factor-dependent human leukemic cell lines (MO7e and F36P) in which proliferation, cell cycle progression, and c-Myc expression were strictly regulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin-3 (IL-3). In these cell lines, both c-myc mRNA and c-Myc protein stability were not affected by GM-CSF and IL-3, suggesting a regulation of c-Myc protein at the translational level. However, rapamycin, an inhibitor of cap-dependent translation, did not block c-myc induction by GM-CSF and IL-3. Thus, we studied the cap-independent translation, the internal ribosome entry site (IRES), during c-Myc protein synthesis using dicistronic reporter gene plasmids and found that GM-CSF and IL-3 activated c-myc IRES to initiate translation. c-myc IRES activation, c-Myc protein expression, and cell cycle progression were all blocked by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, LY294002. In another factor-dependent cell line, UT7, we observed the cell cycle progression and up-regulation of c-Myc protein, c-myc mRNA, and c-myc IRES simultaneously, which were all inhibited by LY294002. Results indicate that hematopoietic growth factors induce cell cycle progression via IRES-mediated translation of c-myc though the PI3K pathway in human factor-dependent leukemic cells.
Studies on basidiomycetes. I. Antitumor polysaccharide from bagasse medium on which mycelia of Lentinus edodes (Berk.) Sing. had been grown. (1982)

From bagasse medium on which mycelia of Lentinus edodes (BERK.) SING. had been grown, an acidic polysaccharide (fraction C-1-2) was isolated by deproteinization, removal of nucleic acid, fractionation with barium hydroxide and DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The purified polysaccharide consisted mainly of xylose, arabinose, mannose, galactose, glucose and uronic acid in a molar ratio of 1.4 : 0.7 : 2.0 : 0.9 : 1.0 : 1.5. The tumor inhibition ratio of the polysaccharide against solid sarcoma 180 was 87.9% in mice given doses of 100 mg/kg×10 d by intraperitoneal administration and the tumors in 5 of 10 mice completely regressed.
Nanocapsules for self-healing composites (2006)

Self-healing polymers and composites that incorporate microencapsulated healing agents have demonstrated high levels of healing efficiency in both static and dynamic loading conditions. Microcapsules that contain the healing agent must possess adequate strength, long shelf-life, and excellent bonding to the host material. In previous work we have shown that urea-formaldehyde capules containing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) prepared by in situ polymerization in an oil-in-water emulsion meet these requirements for self-healing epoxy. However, for standard emulsion encapsulation procedures, a lower limit of size scale is reached ca. 10 μm. Preparation of smaller diameter capsules requires alternative approaches to phase segregation during the encapsulation process. Here we demonstrate an order of magnitude reduction in size scale by a combination of ultrasonication and emulsion polymerization encapsulation techniques. Capsule integrity is demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
Overview of Coating Materials, Surface Treatments, and Screening Techniques for Tribological Applications—Part 2: Screening Techniques (1987)

This paper describes a methodology used during the screening of coatings and surface treatments for tribological applications. The sequence of tests required is physical and metallurgical examinations, accelerated friction and wear tests, and functional tests.
Feature-based face recognition using mixture-distance (1996)

We consider the problem of feature-based face recognition in the setting where only a single example of each face is available for training. The mixture-distance technique we introduce achieves a recognition rate of 95% on a database of 685 people in which each face is represented by 30 measured distances. This is currently the best recorded recognition rate for a feature-based system applied to a database of this size. By comparison, nearest neighbor search using Euclidean distance yields 84%. In our work a novel distance function is constructed based on local second order statistics as estimated by modeling the training data as a mixture of normal densities. We report on the results from mixtures of several sizes. We demonstrate that a flat mixture of mixtures performs as well as the best model and therefore represents an effective solution to the model selection problem. A mixture perspective is also taken for individual Gaussians to choose between first order (variance) and second order (covariance) models. Here an approximation to flat combination is proposed and seen to perform well in practice. Our results demonstrate that even in the absence of multiple training examples for each class, it is sometimes possible to infer from a statistical model of training data, a significantly improved distance function for use in pattern recognition.
Development of Cysteine-Free Fluorescent Proteins for the Oxidative Environment (2012)

Molecular imaging employing fluorescent proteins has been widely used to highlight specific reactions or processes in various fields of the life sciences. Despite extensive improvements of the fluorescent tag, this technology is still limited in the study of molecular events in the extracellular milieu. This is partly due to the presence of cysteine in the fluorescent proteins. These proteins almost cotranslationally form disulfide bonded oligomers when expressed in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Although single molecule photobleaching analysis showed that these oligomers were not fluorescent, the fluorescent monomer form often showed aberrant behavior in folding and motion, particularly when fused to cysteine-containing cargo. Therefore we investigated whether it was possible to eliminate the cysteine without losing the brightness. By site-saturated mutagenesis, we found that the cysteine residues in fluorescent proteins could be replaced with specific alternatives while still retaining their brightness. cf(cysteine-free)SGFP2 showed significantly reduced restriction of free diffusion in the ER and marked improvement of maturation when fused to the prion protein. We further applied this approach to TagRFP family proteins and found a set of mutations that obtains the same level of brightness as the cysteine-containing proteins. The approach used in this study to generate new cysteine-free fluorescent tags should expand the application of molecular imaging to the extracellular milieu and facilitate its usage in medicine and biotechnology.
Ultrafast Photoswitched Charge Transmission through the Bridge Molecule in a Donor−Bridge−Acceptor System (2000)

A Donor−Bridge−Acceptor molecule, D−B−A, was synthesized to probe the effects of changing the electronic state of the bridge molecule, B, on the rates of electron transfer within D−B−A. Selective photoexcitation of D in a tetrahydrofuran solution of D−B−A with 400 nm, 130 fs laser pulses at t = 0 ps results in photoinduced electron transfer to yield the ion pair D+−B-−A with τ = 60 ps, which undergoes a subsequent charge shift with τ = 140 ps to yield the long-lived ion pair D+−B−A- (τ = 700 ns). Subsequent selective photoexcitation of B within D+−B−A- with a 520 nm, 150 fs laser pulse at t = 500 ps results in about 20% of the D+−B−A- population undergoing charge recombination with τ = 100 ps. This charge recombination rate is about 7000 times faster than the normal recombination rate of the ion pair. The results demonstrate that formation of the lowest excited singlet state of the bridge molecule B significantly alters the reaction pathways leading to charge recombination. Thus, D−B−A can be viewed as a molecular switch in which the D+−B−A- state can be rapidly turned on and off using 400 and 520 nm laser pulses, respectively.
Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of Topological Insulators (2011)

With the molecular beam epitaxy technique, layer-by-layer growth of atomically flat topological insulator Bi(2) Te(3) and Bi(2) Se(3) thin films has been realized on Si(111) and graphene substrates, respectively. The growth criteria by which intrinsic topological insulators can readily be obtained is established. By using in situ angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy measurements, the band structure and surface morphology of Bi(2) Te(3) and Bi(2) Se(3) thin films of different thickness can be studied. Molecular beam epitaxy technique was shown to not only provide an excellent method to prepare high quality topological insulators but show possibilities of engineering their electronic and spin structures as well, which is of significant importance for potential applications of topological insulators based on well-developed Si technology.
Input queuing of an internally nonblocking packet switch with two priority classes (1989)

An N*N nonblocking packet switch with two priority classes which can be used to support traffics with different requirements is analyzed. Real-time traffic such as voice is assigned high priority to satisfy its strict delay requirement, while data traffic uses a lower priority and utilizes the remaining system capacity. The switch operation is slotted, and at each time slot packets arrivals at the inputs have Bernoulli distributions with different probabilities for high-priority and low-priority classes. Packets of both priority classes can be queued when waiting for service; the service discipline is FCFS (first-come first-served) within each priority class. The authors provide explicit expressions for blocking probabilities and average delays. They also study system stability and show that the maximum throughput can in fact be higher than with no priority.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Alginic acid has anti‐anaphylactic effects and inhibits inflammatory cytokine expression via suppression of nuclear factor‐κB activation (2006)

The present results indicate that alginic acid has potent anti-anaphylactic and anti-inflammatory properties.
A CMOS Imager With a Programmable Bit-Serial Column-Parallel SIMD/MIMD Processor (2009)

An imager with an integrated fully programmable bit-serial column-parallel processor is proposed to meet the demand for a compact and versatile system-on-imager chip for consumer applications. The on-imager processor is targeting a computationally intensive low-level image processing task. The processor is physically arranged as a densely packed 2-D processing element (PE) array at an imager column level. The digital processor has a multiple-instruction-multiple-data (MIMD) architecture configuring multiple column-parallel single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) processors. The prototype imager chip with 128 times 128 pixels and 4 times 128 PE array designed with 0.6-mum technology was fabricated, and its functionality was tested. The estimation of performance level of the proposed processor architecture with an advanced technology such as the 0.09-mum process technology shows that the proposed imager chip architecture has a potential of giga sum operations per second per square millimeter class processing performance.
ISIS: a system for performance driven resource sharing (1992)

The authors establish the importance of accurate bit-level area and delay modeling to the quality of circuits synthesized by resource sharing systems. They show that bit-level accuracy and integration with logic optimization are both desirable and feasible, since the added execution time is a small fraction of the total optimization time. The implementation of a resource sharing system called ISIS, which uses bit-level modeling, accounts for control delays, and optimizes sharing and resource performance selection together to generate high-quality circuits from register transfer language (RTL) descriptions, is described. >
Molecular Ionic Probes:  A New Class of Hill Reagents and Their Potential for Nanofabrication and Biometallocatalysis (1998)

We report the results of an extensive experimental survey and characterization of over 20 species of transition-metal compounds for their activity in the Hill reaction and photoprecipitation of metal at the lipid−water interface of photosynthetic thylakoid membranes. Four new Hill reagents were identified: PtCl4, OsCl3, [RuCl6]2-, and [RuCl6]3-. Each can be photosynthetically reduced to form a metallic catalyst at the reducing site of photosystem I (PSI) in the thylakoid membranes. Negative charge of the metal-compound species is apparently essential for their interaction with the reducing site of PSI. When PtCl4 and OsCl3 are dissolved in water, they combine with water molecules to form H2[PtCl4(OH)2] and H3[OsCl3(OH)3], which can dissociate to negatively charged species [PtCl4(OH)2]2- and [OsCl3(OH)3]3- at neutral pH. Metallic ruthenium can also catalyze reduction of protons for H2 production, in addition to its known catalytic ability to fix CO2. These findings could have important implications for nanofabrication and biometallocatalysis to harness the power of photosynthetic systems.