gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient purification of ethene by an ethane-trapping metal-organic framework (2015)

Separating ethene (C2H4) from ethane (C2H6) is of paramount importance and difficulty. Here we show that C2H4 can be efficiently purified by trapping the inert C2H6 in a judiciously designed metal-organic framework. Under ambient conditions, passing a typical cracked gas mixture (15:1 C2H4/C2H6) through 1 litre of this C2H6 selective adsorbent directly produces 56 litres of C2H4 with 99.95%+ purity (required by the C2H4 polymerization reactor) at the outlet, with a single breakthrough operation, while other C2H6 selective materials can only produce ca. ⩽ litre, and conventional C2H4 selective adsorbents require at least four adsorption-desorption cycles to achieve the same C2H4 purity. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction and computational simulation studies showed that the exceptional C2H6 selectivity arises from the proper positioning of multiple electronegative and electropositive functional groups on the ultramicroporous pore surface, which form multiple C-H···N hydrogen bonds with C2H6 instead of the more polar competitor C2H4.
Analysis of complete response by MRI following neoadjuvant chemotherapy predicts pathological tumor responses differently for molecular subtypes of breast cancer (2012)

In the present study, clinical tumor response following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) was diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinicopathological factors, including molecular subtypes at baseline, were analyzed for correlations with pathological tumor responses. In addition, clinicopathological factors were analyzed for a correlation with the MRI capacity to predict pathological complete response (pCR). Clinical tumor response evaluated by MRI following NAC was determined as a clinical CR (cCR) or a residual tumor. cCR was confirmed if no gadolinium enhancement or an enhancement equal to or less than that of glandular tissue was observed in any phase of the MRI. Pathological tumor responses following NAC were classified into grades 0 (no change) to 3 (no residual invasive cancer) according to criteria of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society. pCR was defined as grade 3 in the present study. Of 264 cases of invasive breast cancer in 260 patients (4 synchronous bilateral breast cancer cases), 59 (22%) were diagnosed by MRI following NAC as cCR and 98 (37%) were pathologically diagnosed as pCR. In terms of predicting pCR by MRI, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were 44, 90, 73, 73 and 73%, respectively. Tumor size, hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, molecular subtype and histological type were significantly correlated with pathological tumor responses. pCR rates increased in the following order: luminal/HER2-negative (14%), luminal/HER2-positive (32%), triple-negative (46%) and non-luminal/HER2-positive (73%) tumors. Sensitivity and specificity were the highest (60 and 100%, respectively) in triple-negative tumors. PPV decreased in the following order: triple-negative (100%), non-luminal/HER2-positive (92%), luminal/HER2-positive (46%) and luminal/HER2-negative (33%) tumors. In conclusion, MRI evaluation is useful for predicting pCR following NAC, particularly for triple-negative tumors.
σ-(Dicarbonyl-cyclopentadienyl-eisen)-Derivate von Cyclopropenen und Cyclopropenyliumsalzen (1978)

Als potentielles Äquivalent eines Cyclopropenyl-Anions kann das metallorganisch substituierte Cyclopropen-Derivat (3), R1 = Ph, R2 = H, angesehen werden. Mit Elektrophilen reagiert es nahezu ausschließlich zu Cyclopropenyliumsalzen (4) ([Fe] = [Fe(C5H5)(CO)2]).
<title>Producibility advances in hybrid uncooled infrared detectors</title> (1994)

Several key process developments advance the state-of-the-art in hybrid, uncooled IR detector fabrication. Following a four year producibility roadmap, ion mill reticulation, wafer processing, and standard semiconductor processes are nearing implementation. The discussion describes several proof-of-principle experiments and their results and contrasts the current process approach against an existing, detailed process model. As the thrust continues towards low cost, high volume production, emphasis remains on simultaneous performance improvements. The analyses and preliminary data show that both moderate performance and low detector cost are quite obtainable with the strategies identified.
Analysis of TCP performance over mobile ad hoc networks (1999)

Our research is focused on the performance of TCP over mobile ad hoc networks.
Fusogenic virosomes prepared by partitioning of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein into preformed vesicles. (1994)

Virosomes were prepared by the insertion of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, a pH-sensitive fusion protein, into preformed liposomes. The fusogenic activity of these virosomes was characterized in cell-free fusion assays using liposomal targets. Fusion was monitored by concentration-dependent changes in the efficiency of resonance energy transfer between N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)-phosphatidylethanolamine and N-(4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazol)-phosphatidylethanolamine and by electron microscopy. The fusogenic activity was dependent on the presence of vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein, was pH-sensitive, and had a pH threshold of activation similar to that of the native virus. The extent of fusion was dependent upon the lipid composition of the vesicles. This technique will allow vesicles prepared by any method to be made fusogenic.
Effects of load on tribological properties of B<sub>4</sub>C and B<sub>4</sub>C-SiC ceramics sliding against SiC balls (2020)

Pressureless sintered B4C and B4C-SiC ceramics were subjected to tests of dry sliding against SiC balls at 5 N, 10 N and 20 N. The effects of load on the respective tribological properties of B4C and B4C-SiC ceramics were studied. Meanwhile, the tribological properties and friction, wear mechanisms of B4C and B4C-SiC ceramics at different loads were compared. Both the friction coefficient and wear rate of B4C ceramics first decreased and then increased with increases in load, while both the friction coefficient and wear rate of B4C-SiC ceramics increased with increases in load. At low load, the B4C-SiC ceramics showeda lower friction coefficient and wear rate. At intermediate load, the B4C ceramics showed a lower friction coefficient, and no difference between the wear rates of B4C and B4C-SiC ceramics was apparent. At high load, the B4C ceramics showed a lower friction coefficient, while the B4C-SiC ceramics showed a lower wear rate. With increases in load from 5 N to 20 N for the B4C ceramics, the wear mechanism changed from adhesive wear to delamination and spalling of tribofilm; for the B4C-SiC ceramics, meanwhile, the wear mechanism changed from surface polishing and mild abrasion to micro-fracture.
Free-radical reagents. 2. Oxidation and addition products from the reaction of di-tert-butyliminoxyl with phenols (1986)

The blue, persistent free-radical di-tert-butyliminoxyl, t-Bu2C=NO (1), oxidizes p-hydroquinones and catechol in organic solvents to the corresponding quinones in good yield. With simple phenols, the reaction takes three pathways. 2-Naphthol and 9-phenanthrol are oxidized to the corresponding o-quinones, while 1-naphthol, phenol, and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol give 4,4-disubstituted oxime ethers. Para-substituted phenols afford cyclohexadienones with one di-tert-butyliminoxyl at the original para position. Some of these adducts can be prepared by cooxidation of 1–H and the phenol with ceric ion. Rate constants for some of the reactions of 1 with phenols have been measured by kinetic EPR spectroscopy. © 1986, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Wildlife <i>v</i> Sheep and Cattle in Africa (1969)

Giraffes eat gall-bearing acacias which domestic animals never do; elephants will eat some shrubs which, in the same conditions, even goats will not touch. In Africa wildlife is an efficient user of the poorer land, whereas nearly all grazing land is badly managed by man. It does not benefit man to destroy the wildlife in order to spread his inefficient methods over yet more land. The author–agriculturist and well-known naturalist and conservationist–pleads for sound land management based upon research which would allow a place for the wildlife as an efficient user of certain land and a valuable resource.
On Algorithms for Sparse Multi-factor NMF (2013)

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular data analysis method, the objective of which is to approximate a matrix with all nonnegative components into the product of two nonnegative matrices. In this work, we describe a new simple and efficient algorithm for multi-factor nonnegative matrix factorization (mfNMF) problem that generalizes the original NMF problem to more than two factors. Furthermore, we extend the mfNMF algorithm to incorporate a regularizer based on the Dirichlet distribution to encourage the sparsity of the components of the obtained factors. Our sparse mfNMF algorithm affords a closed form and an intuitive interpretation, and is more efficient in comparison with previous works that use fix point iterations. We demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our algorithms on both synthetic and real data sets.
Phagocytosis of Staphylococcus aureus induces a selective stress response in human monocytes-macrophages (M phi): modulation by M phi differentiation and by iron (1993)

Phagocytosis of microorganisms represents a stress not only for the phagocytosed agent but also for the host cell. We have investigated the stress response induced in human monocytes-macrophages (M phi) phagocytosing inactivated Staphylococcus aureus. Exposure of human M phi to S. aureus induced in these cells (i) a threefold increase in superoxide dismutase activity, (ii) a selective and differentiation-dependent induction of host heat shock protein synthesis (HSP70 but not HSP65), and (iii) de novo synthesis of heme oxygenase, but only when exogenous iron was added to the cultures. The coordinate upregulation of two scavenging enzymes and of HSP70 suggests that all three are part of cellular protective mechanisms against phagocytosis-related oxidative injury to host cells.
DESCRIPTION, PRESCRIPTION, AND THE ECUMENICAL POSSIBILITIES OF BAPTIST IDENTITY: READING STEVEN HARMONâ€™S BAPTIST IDENTITY AND THE ECUMENICAL FUTURE (2016)

I have been interested in Dr. Harmonâ€™s proposals since I first encountered his work in 2007, when I read Towards...
微型机械：微乎，壮哉！ (2001)

也许我们都太关注蓬勃发展的网络了,而忽视了一些幕后的小朋友.在过去的两年里,由于科研部门、企业界以及大量资金的共同推动,已经出现了一项新的技术,它的重要性完全可以与微处理器的重要性相提并论.要理解这项新技术,你必须尽可能的往小处想,想到非常的小.
Effect of Impurities on the Hardness of Titanium (1956)

The individual effects of 15 impurities on the as‐cast hardness of Ti buttons prepared under reproducible conditions have been determined. The data presented allow the estimation of oxygen in unalloyed Ti from a hardness measurement and a few conventional chemical analyses with an error of less than 10% from the value as determined by vacuum fusion analysis.
Text-independent speaker identification from a large linguistically unconstrained time-spaced data base (2005)

A very large data base consisting of over thirty-six hours of linguistically unconstrained extemporaneous speech, from seventeen speakers, recorded over a period of more than three months, was analyzed to determine the effectiveness of long-term average features for speaker identification. The results were strongly dependent on the voiced speech averaging interval, or L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> . Monotonic increases in the probability of correct identification were obtained as L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> increased, even with substantial time periods between successive sessions. Speaker identification performance in open tests improved if features with small between-class to within-class variance ratios were eliminated. For L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">v</inf> corresponding to approximately thirty-nine seconds of speech, true text-independent results (no linguistic constraints embedded into the data base) of 98.05% for speaker identification were obtained.
Phylogenetic diversity of mesophilic and thermophilic granular sludges determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis (1998)

The microbial diversity of two types of methanogenic granular sludge, mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C), which had been treating sucrose/propionate/acetate-based artificial wastewater were compared. 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed by PCR with a prokaryote-specific primer set, and partial sequencing of the clonal 16S rDNAs was conducted for phylogenetic analysis. Of 115 mesophilic granule and 110 thermophilic granule clones sequenced, 19 and 22%, respectively, were phylogenetically affiliated with the domain Archaea, and the remainder in each case were assigned to the domain Bacteria. Within the domain Archaea, the 16S rDNA clones in both libraries showed relatively close relationships with those of methanogens. Within the Bacteria, a major group represented in the mesophilic clone library was the delta subclass of the Proteobacteria (27%), in which high degrees of relatedness were observed between the clonal 16S rDNA sequences and those of previously identified syntrophic bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria. In contrast, in the thermophilic clone library, the Thermodesulfovibrio group (19%), the green non-sulfur bacteria (18%) and the low G + C subclass of the Gram-positive bacteria (18%) were predominant. A significant difference between the two libraries was that no clone affiliated with the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was detected in the thermophilic clone library, whereas the Proteobacteria was the most predominant group in the mesophilic clones. Thirty-six and 24 different sequences were found in the mesophilic and thermophilic clones, respectively, suggesting that the microbial diversity of the thermophilic granule was lower than that of the mesophilic granule.
Genome‐wide identification of genes with amplification and/or fusion in small cell lung cancer (2013)

To obtain a landscape of gross genetic alterations in small cell lung cancer (SCLC), genome-wide copy number analysis and whole-transcriptome sequencing were performed in 58 and 42 SCLCs, respectively. Focal amplification of known oncogene loci, MYCL1 (1p34.2), MYCN (2p24.3), and MYC (8q24.21), was frequently and mutually exclusively detected. MYCL1 and MYC were co-amplified with other regions on either the same or the different chromosome in several cases. In addition, the 9p24.1 region was identified as being amplified in SCLCs without amplification of MYC family oncogenes. Notably, expression of the KIAA1432 gene in this region was significantly higher in KIAA1432 amplified cells than in non-amplified cells, and its mRNA expression showed strong correlations with the copy numbers. Thus, KIAA1432 is a novel gene activated by amplification in SCLCs. By whole-transcriptome sequencing, a total of 60 fusion transcripts, transcribed from 95 different genes, were identified as being expressed in SCLC cells. However, no in-frame fusion transcripts were recurrently detected in ≥2 SCLCs, and genes in the amplified regions, such as PVT1 neighboring MYC and RLF in MYCL1 amplicons, were recurrently fused with genes in the same amplicons or with those in different amplicons on either the same or different chromosome. Thus, it was indicated that amplification and fusion of several genes on chromosomes 1 and 8 occur simultaneously but not sequentially through chromothripsis in the development of SCLC, and amplification rather than fusion of genes plays an important role in its development.
Theoretical relations among rate constants, barriers, and Broensted slopes of chemical reactions (1968)

A simple relation, ΔF* = (λ(1 + Δ/λ)^2)/4, derived originally for weak-overlap electron transfers, is explored in a slightly modified version for reactions with considerable resonance splitting, such as atom transfers, proton transfers, and strong-overlap electron transfers. A useful additivity property, λ_(12) = ((λ_(11) + λ_(22))/2, permits barriers ΔF* for cross-reactions to be computed from those of exchange reactions, λ_(ii)/4. Some 45 barriers, calculated from some ten others, agreed with BEBO results, within a few kilocalories per mole. The agreement is analyzed and more general models for which it might occur are considered. A functional relationship between barrier and a degree-of-reaction parameter is devised to avoid commitment to too specific a model. An example where breakdown should occur is also given. Experimental data, as well as quantum mechanical calculations of barriers, will permit further tests. Corollaries of the relation include: (1) a classification of reaction barriers in terms of intrinsic (λ_(ii)) and extrinsic (ΔF^0’) contributions, (2) a rate-constant relation k_(12) ≃ (k_(11)k_(22)K_(12)f_(12))^(1/2) and modifications thereof, (3) a calculation of the local Brønsted slope α from the intercept of the ΔF* vs. ΔF^0' plot, α = (1 + Δ/λ)/2, (4) a relation between k_H/k_D vs. ΔF^0' plots and local α’s, and ( 5 ) other relations among rate constants. Throughout, ΔF* and ΔF^0' refer to an elementary step.
Experimental support for the effects of a probiotic/digestive enzyme supplement on serum cholesterol concentrations and the intestinal microbiome (2016)

DBR, a probiotic and digestive enzyme supplement, lowered harmful LDL and increased HDL levels in a mouse model and also exerted in vitro effects consistent with cholesterol-lowering activity. Given the magnitude of the effects of DBR, these findings are promising for clinical implementation of DBR for treating hypercholesterolemia.
Application and Challenges of Membrane in Surface Water Treatment (2010)

Herein, we reviewed NOM and its components as the major membrane foulants during the separation and purification of water works. In addition, possible fouling mechanisms relating to NOM fouling, current techniques employed to characterize fouling mechanisms and methods to control fouling were briefly discussed. Conventional water treatment which involves a train of operating units such as coagulation, flocculation and sand filtration consumes substantial spaces and high Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT). Besides that it relies most on chemical consumption such as aluminium sulphate, ferric chloride and poly-aluminium chloride which end up as sludge waste contaminated with aluminium or ferric oxides. Furthermore, the chemical reaction between Natural Organic Matter (NOM) and disinfectant agent such as chlorine or chloramines has been extensively reported to form carcinogenic Disinfection By-Product (DBPs) which is potential in causing deleterious cancers diseases. Therefore, a more reliable and greener technology such as membrane technology has been employed as it possesses better capability in producing water of exceptional quality and practicality over the conventional treatment process. However, the widespread of this potential feature is significantly restricted by fouling issue which reduces its productivity, permeate quality and treatment performance.
Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor Is a Critical Transcriptional Regulator of Melanoma Inhibitor of Apoptosis in Melanomas (2008)

Melanoma inhibitor of apoptosis (ML-IAP) is a potent inhibitor of apoptosis, which is highly expressed in melanomas and likely contributes to their resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments. Herein, we show that the lineage survival oncogene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is a critical regulator of ML-IAP transcription in melanoma cells. The ML-IAP promoter contains two MITF consensus sites, and analysis of MITF and ML-IAP mRNA levels revealed a high correlation in melanoma tumor samples and cell lines. In reporter assays, MITF promoted a strong stimulation of transcriptional activity from the ML-IAP promoter, and MITF bound the endogenous ML-IAP promoter in melanoma cells by chromatin immunoprecipitation and electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Strikingly, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown of MITF in melanoma cells led to a dramatic decrease in ML-IAP mRNA and protein levels, establishing that ML-IAP expression in melanoma cells is MITF dependent. Additionally, cyclic AMP-mediated induction of MITF expression in melanocytes resulted in increased ML-IAP expression, suggesting that melanocytes can express ML-IAP when MITF levels are heightened. Disruption of MITF by siRNA led to a decrease in melanoma cell viability, which could be rescued by ectopic expression of ML-IAP. Collectively, these findings implicate MITF as a major transcriptional regulator of ML-IAP expression in melanomas, and suggest that ML-IAP contributes to the prosurvival activity of MITF in melanoma progression.
Purification and partial characterization of bacillocin 490, a novel bacteriocin produced by a thermophilic strain of Bacillus licheniformi s (2002)

BACKGROUND: Applications of bacteriocins as food preservatives have been so far limited, principally because of their low antimicrobial activity in foods. Nisin is the only bacteriocin of significant use, but applications are restricted principally because of its very low activity at neutral or alkaline pH. Thus the isolation of new bacteriocins active in foods is desirable. RESULTS: We isolated a Bacillus licheniformis thermophilic strain producing a bacteriocin with some novel features, named here bacillocin 490. This bacteriocin was inactivated by pronase E and proteinase K and was active against closely related Bacillus spp. both in aerobic and in anaerobic conditions. Bactericidal activity was kept during storage at 4 degrees C and was remarkably stable in a wide pH range. The bacteriocin was partially purified by elution after adhesion to cells of the food-isolated strain Bacillus smithii and had a rather low mass (2 KDa). Antimicrobial activity against B. smithii was observed also when this organism was grown in water buffalo milk. CONCLUSIONS: Bacillocin 490 is a novel candidate as a food anti-microbial agent since it displays its activity in milk, is stable to heat treatment and during storage, is active in a wide pH range and has bactericidal activity also at high temperature. These features may allow the use of bacillocin 490 during processes performed at high temperature and as a complementary antimicrobial agent of nisin against some Bacillus spp. in non-acidic foods. The small size suggests its use on solid foods.
Genetic Diversity in RNA Virus Quasispecies Is Controlled by Host-Virus Interactions (2001)

Many RNA viruses have genetically diverse populations known as quasispecies. Important biological characteristics may be related to the levels of diversity in the quasispecies (quasispecies cloud size), including adaptability and host range. Previous work using Tobacco mosaic virus and Cucumber mosaic virus indicated that evolutionarily related viruses have very different levels of diversity in a common host. The quasispecies cloud size for these viruses remained constant throughout serial passages. Inoculation of these viruses on a number of hosts demonstrated that quasispecies cloud size is not constant for these viruses but appears to be dependent on the host. The quasispecies cloud size remained constant as long as the viruses were maintained on a given host. Shifting the virus between hosts resulted in a change in cloud size to levels associated with the new host. Quasispecies cloud size for these viruses is related to host-virus interactions, and understanding these interactions may facilitate the prediction and prevention of emerging viral diseases.