gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Las fracciones según los pescantes (2006)

Se pretende dar a conocer unos materiales, de tipo manipulativo, con los que se puede trabajar la mayoria de los contenidos correspondientes al estudio de las fracciones para alumnos en edades comprendidas entre 9 y 13 anos.
Estos materiales se han elaborado teniendo en cuenta algunas partes de unas estructuras portuarias, llamadas pescantes, que se construyeron en las Islas Canarias, a principios del siglo XX, para sustituir la carencia de puertos adecuados debido a las dificultades orograficas.
Se proponen unos modelos de actividades a desarrollar con estos materiales, que pueden servir de ejemplo para crear otras similares.
Design of a Lightweight Braking System for Electric Cars (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As the community is becoming more and more aware and conscious of the pollution problems caused by the internal combustion engine and its use in transportation, we are now seeing the first projects and prototypes regarding hybrid and electrically-powered vehicles.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">One of the main problems witnessed by engineers has been that of the relatively low operating range provided by the storage batteries available on the market today, and so, recovering the energy that is inevitably lost during braking is of primary importance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The concept of regenerative braking is fairly simple as it consists in making the electric motors function as generators.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In many of today's applications we find two indipendent controls for the operation of the hydraulic brake and for the activation of regenerative braking. The choice on which braking mode to use, or in which sequence the two modes are to be used is left to the driver who, at the onset of braking, is forced to make mental considerations in order to activate the two braking modes in the right sequence. Furthermore, the driver must not forget to disable the regenerative function at the end of each stop.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">BREMBO has designed a braking system in which a single control, that is, the brake pedal, activates and disables in the right sequence the two different braking modes, thus allowing:</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">to maximize energy recovery by the electric motors each time the driver steps on the brake pedal;</div> </li> <li class="list-item"> <div class="htmlview paragraph">the hydraulic brake to be used in addition to regenerative braking when the latter is not enough to produce the required deceleration.</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The proposed braking system is lightweight and versatile. It can be adapted to the different powertrain configurations seen on various electric vehicles.</div>
Receiver function arrays: a reflection seismic approach (2000)

The receiver function method (RFM) is a commonly used technique to study the crustal and upper mantle velocity structure. Early receiver function (RF) investigations were performed mostly at individual permanent stations. They were focused on crustal structures, and later on upper mantle velocity discontinuities (410 km and 660 km discontinuities). Only recently has research been directed towards the study of the lateral (2- and 3-D) variability of major velocity boundaries in the crust and upper mantle by receiver function arrays using temporary and permanent, three-component, short-period and broad-band seismic stations. To improve the signal-to-noise ratio, receiver functions are calculated for individual earthquakes and are then binned, moveout corrected and stacked. We show that this processing sequence is similar to that applied routinely in exploration seismology. Therefore, existing tools from the nearvertical data processing can be adopted for receiver functions: velocity analysis tools, solutions for static and residual static problems, coherence enhancement of seismic phases, migration, etc. The high spatial density of seismic stations of recent and future receiver function experiments provides the opportunity (and obligation) to use the more sophisticated migration methods (full wavefield migration) commonly and successfully used in exploration seismics. paraSynthetics calculated by the finite difference method for simple 2-D crustal models are employed here to test our processing approach and to show the potentials and limitations of stacking and migrating RF data. We show that binning, normal moveout (NMO) corrections, stacking and post-stack migration of the synthetic data can reconstruct the models reliably with a high spatial resolution.
Irregularity analysis in time series data (2006)

In the last decades, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has emerged as a key coordinator of cellular homeostasis, thanks to its physical interconnection to almost all intracellular organelles. In particular, an intense and mutual crosstalk between the ER and mitochondria occurs at the mitochondria-ER contacts (MERCs). MERCs ensure a fine-tuned regulation of fundamental cellular processes, involving cell fate decision, mitochondria dynamics, metabolism, and proteostasis, which plays a pivotal role in the tumorigenesis and therapeutic response of cancer cells. Intriguingly, recent studies have shown that different components of the unfolded protein response (UPR) machinery, including PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones, localize at MERCs. These proteins appear to exhibit multifaceted roles that expand beyond protein folding and UPR transduction and are often related to the control of calcium fluxes to the mitochondria, thus acquiring relevance to cell survival and death. In this review, we highlight the novel functions played by PERK, IRE1α, and ER chaperones at MERCs focusing on their impact on tumor development.
Transformer Magnetizing Inrush Currents Using a Directly Coupled Voltage-Source Inverter (2013)

The connection of a power transformer to the grid is associated with magnetizing inrush currents that may result in power quality issues as well as faulty relay tripping. In distributed generation, the transformer may instead be premagnetized from the source to avoid this. In this paper, a VSI is directly coupled to a transformer. Three different strategies of premagnetization are implemented into the control system, and the inrush currents are measured for various values of the remanent flux in the core. The results show good reduction in the peak magnetizing inrush currents without using any external circuitry.
SpotMe effective co-optimization of design and defect inspection for fast yield ramp (2013)

A fast, production-ready yield learning methodology to identify and score critical hotspot patterns in an integrated circuit (IC) design is presented. The methodology, named SpotMe, correlates simulation-based design hotspots with inline defect inspection and enables co-optimization of process simulation models and defect inspection methods. The methodology is demonstrated on a 28nm GLOBALFOUNDRIES testchip and is validated using volume diagnosis results.
Purification of human erythrocyte adenosine deaminase by affinity column chromatography. (1976)

Adenosine deaminase (adenosine aminohydrolase EC 3.5.4.4) has been purified 468,000-fold from pooled human erythrocytes. The procedure developed was used to isolate the enzyme from up to 23 liters of packed erythrocytes at one time. An easily prepared affinity column bed material employing adenosine as the ligand was used as the final step in the purification. During elution from the affinity column there was approximately a 3:1 partition of adenosine deaminase between gel bed and column buffer. There was no apparent difference in the partitioning of unresolved or partially resolved preparations of the electrophoretically different forms of the enzyme on the affinity column. Gel filtration and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels of increasing concentration revealed no differences in the Mr of these electrophoretically different forms. The four bands resolved by electrophoresis of the different forms on polyacrylamide gels under nondenaturing conditions yielded a single band when electrophoresis was carried out in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol. Partially resolved preparations of the different electrophoretic forms of adenosine deaminase also gave rise to a single band of the same mobility when electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels under these conditions. The band had the mobility of a protein of Mr of 36,000. This Mr is approximately the same as estimated for the nondenatured enzyme.
Determination of the Cause of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Switchboards (2008)

It is widely recognized that arcing faults in switchboards contain large amounts of power and can create significant damage, including melting switchboards, destroying substations, disabling ships, and causing human fatalities. While arcing faults occur with a fairly high frequency, electricity is so ubiquitous in our lives that most engineers will not personally be associated with a major arcing fault. The Navy has invested 25 years investigating the causes, behavior, and prevention of arcing failures in low- and medium-voltage switchboards. Laboratory testing used to help understand the behavior of arcs in switchboards is presented. Those data are then used to analyze actual switchboard arcing events and, thus, to determine the root causes of the events. Additional testing used to confirm the cause of each event is discussed.
p75-deficient embryonic dorsal root sensory and neonatal sympathetic neurons display a decreased sensitivity to NGF (1994)

To understand the role of low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75 in neural development, we previously generated mice carrying a null mutation in the p75 locus (Lee, K. F., Li, E., Huber, L. J., Landis, S. C., Sharpe, A. H., Chao, M. V. and Jaenisch, R. (1992) Cell 69, 737-749). To elucidate the mechanisms leading to deficits in the peripheral nervous system in p75 mutant mice, we have employed dissociated cultures to examine the responses of p75-deficient dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons to different neurotrophins. We found that p75-deficient DRG and SCG neurons displayed a 2- to 3-fold decreased sensitivity to NGF at embryonic day 15 (E15) and postnatal day 3 (P3), respectively, ages that coincide with the peak of naturally occurring cell death. Furthermore, while p75-deficient E15 DRG neurons did not change their response specificity to BDNF, NT-3, and NT-4/5, P3 SCG neurons became more responsive to NT-3 at higher concentrations (nanomolar ranges). These results may help explain the deficits in the peripheral nervous system in p75 mutant mice and provide evidence that p75 can modulate neurotrophin sensitivity in some neurons.
Processing Effects on Antioxidant Transformation and Solutions to the Problem of Antioxidant Migration (1996)

Polymer oxidation takes place inadvertently throughout the life cycle of polymers. Antioxidants are generally incorporated in polymers to inhibit or minimize oxidative degradation. Many of these antioxidants are depleted by undergoing chemical transformations while performing their antioxidant function at various stages of polymer processing and fabrication. In addition, antioxidants are subject to loss from polymers during processing and in service. Migration of antioxidants is a major concern in applications involving polymers in direct contact with food and human environment. This concern is compounded by the realization that very little is known about the nature and the migration behavior of antioxidant transformation products. In this chapter two approaches are advocated to minimize risk attached to the migration of antioxidants and their transformation products: the use of the biological antioxidant vitamin E and the efficient grafting of reactive antioxidants on polyolefin backbones during processing.
LAMELLAR INORGANIC ION-EXCHANGERS.BEHAVIOUR OF γ-TITANIUM PHOSPHATE IN THE H<sup>+</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup>ION-EXCHANGE (1986)

H+/Na+ ion-exchange in Ti(HP04) 2.2H20 (γ TiP) was studied. The exchange isotherm, titration and hydrolysis curves at 25°C were obtained. In initially acidic or neutral solutions the 25% of the material exchange capacity was reached. The half-exchanged phase was obtained by additions of stoichiometric amounts of NaOH, with hydrolysis lower than 3% and at acidic equilibrium pH. For additions of NaOH over 4.0 me/g Y-TiP conversions higher than 50% were reached with an increase in the values of the equilibrium pH and the hydrolysis. The evolution of the solid was followed by X-ray diffraction. The substituted phases of samples dried in air at room temperature showed the following hydration degrees: ----H N ----------------------- conversion phase stored over P205 was dehydrated originating H1-5Na0.5 When i t is heated at 80°C-200°C i t transformed i n t o mixtures o f iTFi ( 9. 1 A ) and HNa (10.1 Å ).
A reduced clock-swing flip-flop (RCSFF) for 63% power reduction (1998)

A reduced clock-swing flip-flop (RCSFF) is proposed, which is composed of a reduced swing clock driver and a special flip-flop which embodies the leakage current cutoff mechanism. The RCSFF can reduce the clock system power of a VLSI down to one-third compared to the conventional flip-flop. This power improvement is achieved through the reduced clock swing down to 1 V. The area and the delay of the RCSFF can also be reduced by a factor of about 20% compared to the conventional flip-flop. The RCSFF can also reduce the RC delay of a long RC interconnect to one-half.
Performance and Power Estimation for Mobile-Cloud Applications on Virtualized Platforms (2013)

Performance optimization and energy-saving have become major challenges for both hardware designers and software developers of mobile systems due to limited battery capacities. Analysis of the performance and power consumption in such a system and employment of energy-saving techniques as early as possible are keys to competitive products designs. With virtual platforms powered by simulation/emulation engines to help hardware designers in the early design stages for verifying the functional correctness of a hardware design or testing software applications before the hardware is ready, we propose a framework to further support hardware/software co-design with advanced performance and power analysis facilities. Our case studies and experimental results show that our framework can reflect the performance and power behavior of mobile-cloud applications and help hardware/software designers in reducing the energy consumption on these systems.
Gender and the pipeline metaphor in computing (2008)

Using the pipeline metaphor as the conceptual framework, the current paper presents gender differences in computer science (CS) and computer engineering (CE) students’ study aspirations in elementary and high schools, the extent to which they hold a study-related job while in college and their career aspirations after graduating from college. It highlights some of the weak joints of the pipeline and suggests a number of implications to improve representation of women in computing field. It is based on 150 interviews with undergraduate male and female students belonging to five major ethnic/racial categories (White, African-American, Hispanic, Asian American, Native American) from seven institutions in the USA.
<i>In vitro</i> synergy of pseudolaric acid B and fluconazole against clinical isolates of <i>Candida albicans</i> (2010)

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen in humans. The emergence of resistance to azole antifungals has raised the issue of using such antifungals in combination to optimise therapeutic outcome. The objective of this study was to evaluate in vitro synergy of pseudolaric acid B (PAB) and fluconazole (FLC) against clinical isolates of C. albicans. The in vitro antifungal activity of PAB, a diterpene acid from Pseudolarix kaempferi Gordon, was evaluated alone and in combination with FLC against 22 FLC-resistant (FLC-R) and 12 FLC-susceptible (FLC-S) C. albicans using the chequerboard microdilution method and time-killing test assays. Synergism was observed in all 22 (100%) FLC-R strains tested as determined by both fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) with values ranging from 0.02 to 0.13 and bliss independence (BI) models. Synergism was observed in two of 12 (17%) FLC-S strains as determined by FICI model with values ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 and in three of 12 (18%) FLC-S strains as determined by BI model. For FLC-R strains, the drug concentrations of FLC and PAB, where synergistic interactions were found, ranged from 0.06 to 4 μg ml(-1) and 0.5 to 4 μg ml(-1) respectively. For FLC-S strains, the drug concentrations of FLC and PAB were 1-8 μg ml(-1) and 0.5-4 μg ml(-1) respectively. The BI model gave results consistent with FICI, but no antagonistic activity was observed in any of the strains tested. These interactions between PAB and FLC were confirmed using the time-killing test for the selected strains. Fluconazole and PAB exhibited a good synergism against azole-R isolates of C. albicans.
Immune Parameters Correlate with Protection Against Ebola Virus Infection in Rodents and Nonhuman Primates (2012)

Ebola virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever in susceptible hosts. Currently, no licensed vaccines or treatments are available; however, several experimental vaccines have been successful in protecting rodents and nonhuman primates (NHPs) from the lethal Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate immune responses correlating with survival in these animals after lethal challenge with ZEBOV. Knockout mice with impaired ability to generate normal T and/or B cell responses were vaccinated and challenged with ZEBOV. Vaccine-induced protection in mice was mainly mediated by B cells and CD4(+) T cells. Vaccinated, outbred guinea pigs and NHPs demonstrated the highest correlation between survival and levels of total immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to the ZEBOV glycoprotein (ZGP). These results highlight the relevance of total ZGP-specific IgG levels as a meaningful correlate of protection against ZEBOV exposure.
Actin-severing activity copurifies with phosphofructokinase. (1986)

Microinjection of muscle 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK; EC 2.7.1.11) into tissue culture cells led to a reversible disintegration of microfilament bundles (stress fibers). The mode of disruption as well as of recovery of stress fibers was very similar to that found previously in experiments performed with the actin-severing protein brevin, an extracellular variant of gelsolin. PFK, like brevin, was also capable of disrupting stress fibers in detergent-extracted cells and in ethanol-fixed cells, in a Ca2+-dependent manner. When compared with heart muscle gelsolin, PFK comigrated with the 85- to 90-kDa band. Antibodies against PFK crossreacted with gelsolin from the same species. These results point to a tight association between polypeptides with similar biochemical and immunological parameters present in both preparations. They suggest hitherto unexpected cellular control mechanisms for both microfilament functions and glycolysis.
Optimization of Production of Conjugated Linoleic Acid from Soybean Oil (2004)

Linoleic acid from soybean oil was used to synthesize conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and the response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the process. A temperature of -35 degrees C and a solvent to oil sample ratio of 8 were suggested for removal of saturated fatty acids by low-temperature crystallization. The ratio of oil sample/urea/methanol suggested was 1:2:5.5 (w/w/v) for removal of oleic acid by urea crystallization. A temperature of 150 degrees C and a time of 140 min were found to be the optimal conditions in the isomerization for the production of c-9,t-11 and t-10,c-12 CLA isomers.
A Combustion Chemistry Analysis of Carbonate Solvents in Li-Ion Batteries (2008)

Under abusive conditions Li-ion batteries can rupture, ejecting electrolyte and other flammable gases. In this paper we consider some of the thermochemical properties of these gases that will determine whether they ignite and how energetically they burn. We show that flames of carbonate solvents are fundamentally less energetic than those of conventional hydrocarbons. An example of this difference is given using a recently developed mechanism for dimethyl carbonate (DMC) combustion, where we show that a diffusion flame burning DMC has only half the peak energy release rate of an analogous propane flame. We find a significant variation among the carbonate solvents in the factors that are important to determining flammability, such as combustion enthalpy and vaporization enthalpy. This result suggests that thermochemical and kinetic factors might well be considered when choosing solvent mixtures.
The Crystal Structure of Boehmite (1979)

Abstract The crystal structure of a synthetic boehmite sample has been refined to an R of 0.047 in the space group Amam from X-ray powder diffraction data. Inclusion of hydrogen atoms and/or refinement in the space group A2 1 am gave poorer results. Cell dimensions were determined as a = 3.6936 (± 0.0003), b = 12.214 (± 0.001), c = 2.8679 (± 0.0003) Å. All Al-O(OH) distances lie between 1.88 and 1.91 Å. Shared octahedral edges are 2.51–2.52 Å, and unshared octahedral edges are 2.86–2.87 Å, in excellent agreement with those for layered silicates. The O-H … O distance between contiguous octahedral sheets is 2.71 Å. The computed X-ray pattern matches closely with the experimental pattern, indicating the degree to which the crystal structure has been determined.
Identical de novo mutation at the D4F104S1 locus in monozygotic male twins affected by facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) with different clinical expression. (1998)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is a progressive hereditary neuromuscular disorder, transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion. Its clinical expression is highly variable, ranging from almost asymptomatic subjects to wheelchair dependent patients. The molecular defect has been linked to chromosome 4q35 markers and has been related to deletions of tandemly repeated sequences located in the subtelomeric region detected by probe p13E-11 (D4F104S1). We describe a pair of monozygotic male twins affected by FSHD, carrying an identical de novo p13E-11 EcoRI fragment of paternal origin and showing great variability in the clinical expression of the disease, one being almost asymptomatic and the other severely affected. Their medical history was the same, with the exception of an anti-rabies vaccination performed at the age of 5 in the more severely affected twin. We hypothesise that the vaccination might have triggered an inflammatory immune reaction contributing to the more severe phenotype.
评《历史唯物主义范畴》一书 (1982)

历史唯物主义范畴概念体系的研究工作,越来越引起苏联和国外马克思主义者的注意。显然,进一步发展历史唯物主义观念,同深刻理解它的基本概念的确切内容及其联系和并列从属关系,是直接联系在一起的。本文评论的这本书,为解决这一极为复杂的任务作了有趣尝试。该书是莫斯科大学和柏林大学哲学系历史唯物主义教研室多年创造性合作的成果。
Use of nanoparticles in the electrochemical analysis of biological samples (2007)

The specific effects of various nanoparticles on processes occurring in the electrochemical analysis of biological samples are considered. The material classification is based on a structural principle of the organization of a sensing element. Nanoparticles can occur immediately on its surface or in the bulk of an analyte (in the latter case, they can be chemically bound to the surface); they can be incorporated into the analyte and serve as its labels. The use of nanoparticles significantly extends the capabilities of bioelectrochemical methods of analysis. In a number of cases, the use of nanoparticles provides an opportunity to abandon the use of enzymes; this is very promising for clinical analysis. Methods for the electrochemical analysis of biological samples with the use of nanoparticles can be a serious addition to classical biochemical methods.