gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trial Procedure—An Analysis of Arkansas's Exceptional Treatment of the Contemporaneous Objection Rule in Criminal Bench Trials. Strickland v. State, 322 Ark. 312, 909 S.W.2d 318 (1995). (1997)

An axiom of American jurisprudence is that issues not introduced at trial cannot form the basis of an appeal.'Most jurisdictions refer to this procedural requisite as the contemporaneous objection rule.Like many legal norms, however, exceptions to the general rule exist.The most common exception allows a new issue to be appealed if "plain error" occurred in the trial court.2 Although Arkansas does not possess a codified "plain error" exception per se, it generally adheres to the contemporaneous objection rule, 3 and allows exceptions.'In Strickland v. State, 5 the Arkansas Supreme Court attempted to articulate an appropriate justification for allowing such an exception in criminal bench trial appeals."This note uses the facts and the court's reasoning in Strickland as a backdrop for analyzing Arkansas criminal appellate procedure.The scope of the note will be limited to defense appeals that challenge the prosecution's sufficiency of evidence and 1.Richard V. Campbell, Extent to Which Courts of Review Will Consider Questions Not Properly Raised and Preserved -Part I, 7 Wis.L. REV.91, 92 (1932).2. In United States v. Olano, 507 U.S. 725 (1993), the United States Supreme Court explained "plain error" as error that clearly or obviously affects the defendant's substantial rights.Id. at 1777.The Olano Court identified three factors that must be considered in any plain error analysis.(1) There must be "error.""Deviation from a legal rule is 'error' unless the rule has been waived."Id. at 732-33.(2) The error must be "plain.. ... Plain' is synonymous with 'clear' or, equivalently, 'obvious."'Id. at 734. (3) The error in question must "affec[t] substantial rights."This usually involves the defendant showing or demonstrating prejudice.Id.at 1777-78.Also, rule 52(b) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure states that "plain errors or defects affecting substantial rights may be noticed although they were not brought to the attention of the court."FED.
Parasitic Humanoid (2011)

The Parasitic Humanoid (PH) is a wearable robotic human interface for sampling, modeling, and assisting nonverbal human behavior. This anthropomorphic robot senses the behavior of the wearer and has the internal models to learn the process of human sensory motor integration, thereafter it begins to predict the next behavior of the wearer using the learned models. When the reliability of the prediction is sufficient, the PH outputs the difference from the actual behavior as a request for motion to the wearer by motion induction using sensory illusion. Through the symbiotic interaction, the internal model and the process of human sensory motor integration approximate each other asymptotically. This process is available to transmit modalities such as senses of sight, hearing, touch, force and balance with human embodiment. This synergistic multimodal communication between distant people wearing PH can realize experience-sharing, skill transmission, and human behavior supports.
Fear and Logging in the Internet of Things (2018)

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to proliferate, diagnosing incorrect behavior within increasinglyautomated homes becomes considerably more difficult. Devices and apps may be chained together in long sequences of triggeraction rules to the point that from an observable symptom (e.g., an unlocked door) it may be impossible to identify the distantly removed root cause (e.g., a malicious app). This is because, at present, IoT audit logs are siloed on individual devices, and hence cannot be used to reconstruct the causal relationships of complex workflows. In this work, we present ProvThings, a platform-centric approach to centralized auditing in the Internet of Things. ProvThings performs efficient automated instrumentation of IoT apps and device APIs in order to generate data provenance that provides a holistic explanation of system activities, including malicious behaviors. We prototype ProvThings for the Samsung SmartThings platform, and benchmark the efficacy of our approach against a corpus of 26 IoT attacks. Through the introduction of a selective code instrumentation optimization, we demonstrate in evaluation that ProvThings imposes just 5% overhead on physical IoT devices while enabling real time querying of system behaviors, and further consider how ProvThings can be leveraged to meet the needs of a variety of stakeholders in the IoT ecosystem.
Glucotoxicity and β-Cell Failure in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide with a trend of declining age of onset. It is characterized by insulin resistance and a progressive loss of beta-cell function. The ability to secrete adequate amounts of insulin is determined by the functional integrity of beta-cells and their overall mass. Glucose, the main regulator of insulin secretion and production, exerts negative effects on beta-cell function when present in excessive amounts over a prolonged period. The multiple metabolic aberrations induced by chronic hyperglycemia in the beta-cell include increased sensitivity to glucose, increased basal insulin release, reduced response to stimulus to secrete insulin, and a gradual depletion of insulin stores. Inadequate insulin production during chronic hyperglycemia results from decreased insulin gene transcription due to hyperglycemia-induced changes in the activity of beta-cell specific transcription factors. Hyperglycemia may negatively affect beta-cell mass by inducing apoptosis without a compensatory increase in beta-cell proliferation and neogenesis. The detrimental effect of excessive glucose concentrations is referred to as 'glucotoxicity'. The present review discusses the role of glucotoxicity in beta-cell dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Characterizing Cloud Federation for Enhancing Providers' Profit (2010)

Cloud federation has been proposed as a new paradigm that allows providers to avoid the limitation of owning only a restricted amount of resources, which forces them to reject new customers when they have not enough local resources to fulfill their customers' requirements. Federation allows a provider to dynamically outsource resources to other providers in response to demand variations. It also allows a provider that has underused resources to rent part of them to other providers. Both things could make the provider to get more profit when used adequately. This requires that the provider has a clear understanding of the potential of each federation decision, in order to choose the most convenient depending on the environment conditions. In this paper, we present a complete characterization of providers' federation in the Cloud, including decision equations to outsource resources to other providers, rent free resources to other providers (i.e. insourcing), or shutdown unused nodes to save power, and we characterize these decisions as a function of several parameters. Then, we demonstrate in the evaluation section how a provider can enhance its profit by using these equations to exploit federation, and how the different parameters influence which is the best decision on each situation.
Correlation between N 1s XPS Binding Energy and Bond Distance in Metal Amido, Imido, and Nitrido Complexes (2003)

Synchrotron-based X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is used to measure N 1s binding energies of several metal amido, imido, and nitrido complexes of group 5 and 6 metals. The N 1s binding energy decreases as the formal M-N bond order increases. A simple correlation between the contraction of the M-N bond and the lowering of binding energy is also observed. This correlation supports a notion that the bonding character of a linear metal-imido linkage resembles that of a metal-nitrido linkage closely.
Structure of the HIV-1 Frameshift Site RNA Bound to a Small Molecule Inhibitor of Viral Replication (2011)

Programmed -1 translational frameshifting is an essential event in the replication cycle of HIV. Frameshifting is required for expression of the viral Pol proteins, and drug-like molecules that target this process may inhibit HIV replication. A small molecule stimulator of HIV-1 frameshifting and inhibitor of viral replication, DB213 (RG501), was previously discovered from a high-throughput screen. However, the mechanistic basis for this compound's effects was unknown, and to date no structural information exists for small molecule effectors of frameshifting. Here, we investigate the binding of DB213 to the frameshift site RNA and have determined the structure of this complex by NMR. Binding of DB213 stabilizes the RNA and increases its melting temperature by 10 °C. The ligand binds to a primary site on the RNA stem-loop, although nonspecific interactions are also detected. The compound binds in the major groove and spans a distance of 9 base pairs. DB213 hydrogen bonds to phosphate groups on opposite sides of the major groove and alters the conformation of a conserved GGA bulge in the RNA. This study may provide a starting point for structure-based optimization of compounds targeting the HIV-1 frameshift site RNA.
Frequency‐selective surface based bandpass filters in the near‐infrared region (2004)

Abstract A spatial bandpass filter resonant at 1.5 μm and based on a frequency‐selective surface (FSS) was analyzed and fabricated. It consists of circular apertures arranged in a hexagonal lattice and was modeled using a hybrid finite‐element/boundary‐integral method, which accounted for metal thickness and conductivity. Measurements demonstrate the accuracy of the design. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 41: 266–269, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20112
An online PPGI approach for camera based heart rate monitoring using beat-to-beat detection (2017)

In this work an online method for camera-based heart rate detection, also known as Photoplethysmography Imaging (PPGI), is presented. The pulse related signal is obtained from RGB videos of the human face, using an off the shelf camera under ambient light conditions. The algorithm for heart rate estimation is based on the beat-to-beat analysis of the PPGI signal, allowing the estimation of psychophysiological parameters like the heart rate variability. The system is tested indoors under laboratory conditions, and in field trials integrated in a car. Field tests are done as a step towards robust appraisal of psycho-physiological driver states. In measurements with eight subjects, a sensitivity of ~93% for pulse peak detection is reached under resting and constant light conditions. First test drives show good results for heart rate estimation while driving on highways outside of city traffic. The results indicate that PPGI can be a suitable solution for providing vital sign information of drivers in cars.
On-board processing for Ka-band applications (1993)

The work reported arose from a study carried out for the European Space Agency to examine the impact of 20/30 GHz operation on the on-board processing requirements for a satellite system intended to serve private user networks of small fixed terminals interconnected with 2 Mb/s ISDN-like links. Fading in Ka band leads to the requirement of expensive HPAs in the user terminals. It is therefore an advantage to use FEC on the uplink. Continuous mode transmission simplifies on-board decoding (and interleaving), and allows higher coding gains. A simple access scheme is FDMA with variable data-rate channels, therefore a nonuniform demultiplexer is required on-board. There are two methods that belong to the same general class. The fast convolution method is inherently more efficient than the analysis-synthesis method since clock synchronism can be exploited and the output sampling rate can be decimated down to the symbol rate. The frequency resolution is inherently larger and the placement of carrier frequencies are more flexible. CDMA is attractive as its complexity is similar to TDMA, since demultiplexing in the code domain requires only additions. >
Monodisperse Metallic NiCoSe<sub>2</sub> Hollow Sub‐Microspheres: Formation Process, Intrinsic Charge‐Storage Mechanism, and Appealing Pseudocapacitance as Highly Conductive Electrode for Electrochemical Supercapacitors (2018)

Abstract Highly conductive metal selenides are gaining prominence as promising electrode materials in electrochemical energy‐storage fields. However, phase‐pure bimetallic selenides are scarcely retrieved, and their underlying charge‐storage mechanisms are still far from clear. Here, first a solvothermal strategy is devised to purposefully fabricate monodisperse hollow NiCoSe 2 (H‐NiCoSe 2 ) sub‐microspheres. Inherent formation of metallic H‐NiCoSe 2 is tentatively put forward with comparative structure‐evolution investigations. Interestingly, the fresh H‐NiCoSe 2 does not demonstrate striking supercapacitive behaviors when evaluated for electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs). But it exhibits competitive pseudocapacitance of ≈750 F g −1 at a rate of 3 A g −1 with a high loading of 7 mg cm −2 after ≈100 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. With systematic physicochemical/electrochemical analyses, intrinsic energy‐storage mechanism of the H‐NiCoSe 2 is convincingly revealed that the electrooxidation‐generated biactive CoOOH/NiOOH phases in aqueous KOH over CV scanning, rather than the H‐NiCoSe 2 itself, account for the remarkable pesudocapacitance observed after cycling. An assembled H‐NiCoSe 2 ‐based asymmetric device has delivered an energy density of ≈25.5 Wh kg −1 with a power rate of ≈3.75 kW kg −1 , and long‐span cycle life. More significantly, the electrode design and new perspectives here hold profound promise in enriching material synthesis methodologies and in‐depth understanding of the complex charge‐storage process of newly emerging pseudocapacitive materials for next‐generation ESs.
7.9–8.4 GHz GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. amplifier (1976)

A 4-stage balanced GaAs m.e.s.f.e.t. amplifier has been developed for the 7.9–8.4 GHz satellite-communication frequency band. Linear gain of 26±0.5dB and 150 mW power at 1 dB compression were obtained across the design band. The small-signal gain, phase linearity, group delay and noise figure are described as a function of frequency. Large-signal gain saturation, 3rd-order intermodulation distortion, gain and phase against temperature and a.m.-to-p.m. conversion data are also presented.
Effect on surface charges of bubbles and fine particles on air flotation process (1990)

Abstract The adhesion of fine particles onto bubbles in flotation was studied on the basis of surface charge measurements of the bubbles and particles. The surface charges of the bubbles were measured by the use of a micro‐electropheresis apparatus devised in our previous study and the mechanism of the bubble charging was studied under various experimental conditions. In distilled water, the bubbles were negatively charged and the iso‐electric point appeared at pH = 2.5. The surface charges of the bubbles in the surfactant solution were determined by the surfactant molecules adsorbed at the surface and depend strongly on the values of pH. The flotation efficiency of latex particles (0.923 μm) was found to be strongly influenced by the surface charges of both the particles and the bubbles. The force between the particle and the bubble was estimated from the observation of the particle attachment to the bubble surface, and a simple equation including the effects of the hydrodynamic and surface charge interactions was proposed to determine the floatability limit.
An outbreak of erythema infectiosum associated with human parvovirus infection (1984)

Erythema infectiosum (EI) or fifth disease is a mild, acute exanthematous disease, occurring mainly among children, for which a causative virus has long been sought. In May 1983 an outbreak of exanthematous illness was reported in a primary school in North London. Children attending the school were investigated by questionnaire and 162 (43.9%) reported an illness with the features of EI. In each of 36 cases investigated virologically the illness was associated with parvovirus infection. Moreover, pre-existing antibody to parvovirus was correlated with protection from EI in 16 of 17 close family contacts of cases. We propose therefore that EI is the common manifestation of infection with the human parvovirus.
Chromatic statistics of natural scenes as cues for the perception of surface and illumination color (2005)

In order to perceive surface colors as more constant under changes of illumination than could be expected on the basis of the illumination-dependent retinal input, the visual system has to decompose the retinal input into two representations, an estimate of the illuminant and an illumination-independent designator for the color of the surface. I will consider one particular class of cues that the visual system could use for estimating the chromatic properties of the illuminant: statistics of the illumination-dependent chromatic distribution within the retinal image. The approach presented uses two heuristics to derive potentially useful candidate cues (an idealized model of our chromatic environment and a simulation with images of natural scenes) and psychophysical experiments to test whether the human visual system exploits these candidate cues. Using these heuristics, the correlation between chromaticity and luminance within the retinal image has been found to be diagnostic of the chromatic properties of the illuminant and the experimental results indicate that this statistic is taken into account by the human visual system in order to estimate the chromaticity of the illuminant.
Separation of Pu-238 and Pu-242 from Irradiated Am-241 (1973)

"Separation of Pu-238 and Pu-242 from Irradiated Am-241." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 10(1), pp. 62–63KEYWORDS: separation processesplutonium 238plutonium 242irradiationamericium 241ion exchangesolvent extractionisotope ratiomass spectrometryneutron beamsradiation effects
A support to multi-devices web application (2010)

Programming an application which uses interactive devices located on different terminals is not easy. Programming such applications with standard Web technologies (HTTP, Javascript, Web browser) is even more difficult. However, Web applications have interesting properties like running on very different terminals, the lack of a specific installation step, the ability to evolve the application code at runtime. Our demonstration presents a support for designing multi-devices Web applications. After introducing the context of this work, we briefly describe some problems related to the design of multi-devices web application. Then, we present the toolkit we have implemented to help the development of applications based upon distant interactive devices.
Photo-Realistic Facial Details Synthesis from Single Image (2019)

We present a single-image 3D face synthesis technique that can handle challenging facial expressions while recovering fine geometric details. Our technique employs expression analysis for proxy face geometry generation and combines supervised and unsupervised learning for facial detail synthesis. On proxy generation, we conduct emotion prediction to determine a new expression-informed proxy. On detail synthesis, we present a Deep Facial Detail Net (DFDN) based on Conditional Generative Adversarial Net (CGAN) that employs both geometry and appearance loss functions. For geometry, we capture 366 high-quality 3D scans from 122 different subjects under 3 facial expressions. For appearance, we use additional 20K in-the-wild face images and apply image-based rendering to accommodate lighting variations. Comprehensive experiments demonstrate that our framework can produce high-quality 3D faces with realistic details under challenging facial expressions.
Overcoming status quo bias in the human brain (2010)

Humans often accept the status quo when faced with conflicting choice alternatives. However, it is unknown how neural pathways connecting cognition with action modulate this status quo acceptance. Here we developed a visual detection task in which subjects tended to favor the default when making difficult, but not easy, decisions. This bias was suboptimal in that more errors were made when the default was accepted. A selective increase in subthalamic nucleus (STN) activity was found when the status quo was rejected in the face of heightened decision difficulty. Analysis of effective connectivity showed that inferior frontal cortex, a region more active for difficult decisions, exerted an enhanced modulatory influence on the STN during switches away from the status quo. These data suggest that the neural circuits required to initiate controlled, nondefault actions are similar to those previously shown to mediate outright response suppression. We conclude that specific prefrontal-basal ganglia dynamics are involved in rejecting the default, a mechanism that may be important in a range of difficult choice scenarios.
Aggregation behavior of MPEG‐PCL diblock copolymers in aqueous solutions and morphologies of the aggregates (2006)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol)‐ b ‐polycaprolactone (MPEG‐PCL) diblock copolymers were synthesized via a ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐CL monomers with MPEG as an initiator. Their solubilities and apparent critical micelle concentrations (CMC) in aqueous solution were investigated as well as the determination of the micellar hydrodynamic diameter using dynamic light scattering (DLS). As PCL block length increased, the solubility and CMC decreased while diameters of micelles increased. The gel–sol transition behaviors were investigated using a vial tilting method. Aqueous solutions of copolymers undergo a gel to sol transition with increase in temperature when their polymer concentrations are above a critical gel concentration (CGC). The CGC of the copolymers and gel–sol transition temperature are influenced by the PCL chain length. The tapping mode AFM was performed by imaging the freeze‐dried deposits from the copolymer solutions on mica to investigate a process from free chains to micelles and to gel. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3406–3417, 2006
Hydrocarbon Azeotropes of Benzene (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrocarbon Azeotropes of BenzeneRobert F. Marschner and Wendell P. CropperCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1946, 38, 3, 262–268Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50435a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50435a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views357Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts