gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tribological Behavior of Molybdenum Alloying Layer on H13 Steel by Electrospark Deposition Technique (2010)

Molybdenum alloying or modified layer was fabricated on the H13 steel substrate by electronic spark deposition technique (EDS). The microstructure, element distribution and microhardness of the modified layer were analyzed using metalloscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) and microhardness tester, respectively. The modified layer is composed of white layer, diffuse layer and heat affected zone. The interdiffusion between Mo element and other elements in H13 substrate results in Metallurgical bonding. Microhardness of the coating is 1482HK0.025 which is 5 times higher than that of H13 steel base (280HK0.025). The ball-on-disc dry sliding test indicates that the friction coefficient of H13 substrate is decreased obviously by the molybdenum modified layer. The wear mass loss of Mo modified H13 substrate is only one seventh of that of the substrate. The wear resistance of H13 is improved significantly by the Mo modified layer.
CT coronary angiography in patients with suspected angina due to coronary heart disease (SCOT-HEART): an open-label, parallel-group, multicentre trial (2015)

The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates funded the trial with supplementary awards from Edinburgh and Lothian's Health Foundation Trust and the Heart Diseases Research Fund.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PROTEOLYTIC ENZYME FROM THE LATEX OF THE MILKWEED, ASCLEPIAS SPECIOSA TORR. SOME COMPARISONS WITH OTHER PROTEASES (1940)

1. The kinetics of milk clotting by asclepain, the protease of Asclepias speciosa, were investigated. At higher concentrations of enzyme, the clotting time was inversely proportional to the enzyme concentration. 2. The digestion of casein and hemoglobin in 6.6 M urea by asclepain follows the second order reaction rate. The rate was roughly second order for casein in water. 3. Evaluation of the nature of the enzyme-substrate intermediate indicates that one molecule of asclepain combines with one molecule of casein or hemoglobin in urea solution. 4. Inhibition by the reaction products was deduced from the fact that the digestion velocity of hemoglobin in urea solution varied with the asclepain concentration in agreement with the Schütz-Borissov rule.
Analogs of the abortifacient aminoglutethimide (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalogs of the abortifacient aminoglutethimideRolf Paul, Richard P. Williams, and Elliott CohenCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1974, 17, 5, 539–541Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00251a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00251a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Thermal- and Air-Stability Cathode Material with Concentration-Gradient Buffer for Li-Ion Batteries (2017)

Delivery of high capacity with high thermal and air stability is a great challenge in the development of Ni-rich layered cathodes for commercialized Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Herein we present a surface concentration-gradient spherical particle with varying elemental composition from the outer end LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM) to the inner end LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.15</sub>Al<sub>0.05</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCA). This cathode material with the merit of NCM concentration-gradient protective buffer and the inner NCA core shows high capacity retention of 99.8% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C. Furthermore, this cathode material exhibits much improved thermal and air stability compared with bare NCA. These results provide new insights into the structural design of high-performance cathodes with high energy density, long life span, and storage stability materials for LIBs in the future.
The thermodynamic stability of RNA duplexes and hairpins containing N6-alkyladenosines and 2-methylthio-N6-alkyladenosines (2003)

The N6-alkyladenosines and 2-methylthio-N6-alkyladenosines make up over half of the population of all naturally modified adenosines and they are present in the transfer ribonucleic acids (tRNA) at position 37. We measured effects of N6-alkyladenosines and 2-methylthio-N6-alkyladenosines on the thermodynamic stability of RNA duplexes containing a U-A(Mod) base pair at internal and terminal duplex positions, as well as containing modified adenosines as a 3'-terminal unpaired nucleotide. Beside naturally modified adenosines such as N6-isopentenyladenosine (i6A), N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 2-methylthio-N6-isopentenyladenosine (ms2i6A) and 2-methylthio-N6-methyladenosine (ms2m6A), we studied several artificial modifications to evaluate the steric and electronic effects of N6-alkyl substituents. Moreover, some N6-alkyladenosines and 2-methylthio-N6-alkyladenosines were placed in hairpins at positions corresponding to nucleotide 37 of the tRNA anticodon arm, and the thermodynamic stability of those hairpins was studied. The stability of the modified RNA hairpins was measured in standard melting buffer containing 1 M sodium chloride as well as in physiological buffer containing 10 mM magnesium chloride and 150 mM potassium chloride. The results obtained indicate that the nature of the adenosine modification and the position of U-A(Mod) base pairs within the duplex influence the thermodynamic stability of RNA duplexes. For most of the modification, the destabilization of duplexes was observed. Moreover, we found that the buffer composition and the structure of the modified adenosine very significantly affect the thermodynamic stability of RNA.
Image inpainting based on energy minimization (2007)

Image inpainting techniques have been widely used to remove undesired visual objects in images such as damaged portions of photographs and people who have accidentally entered into pictures. Conventionally, the missing parts of an image are completed by optimizing the objective function which is defined based on the sum of SSD (sum of squared differences). However, the naive SSD-based objective function is not robust against intensity change in an image. Thus, unnatural intensity change often appears in the missing parts. In addition, when an image has continuously changing texture patterns, the completed texture in a resultant image sometimes blurs due to inappropriate pattern matching. In this paper, in order to improve the image quality of the completed texture, the conventional objective function is newly extended by considering intensity changes and spatial locality to prevent unnatural intensity changes and blurs in a resultant image. By minimizing the extended energy function, the missing regions can be completed without unnatural intensity changes and blurs. In experiments, the effectiveness of the proposed method is successfully demonstrated by applying our method to various images and comparing the results with those obtained by the conventional method.
Elastic WDM crossbar switch for data centers (2016)

A fast WDM crossbar switch suitable for interconnecting electronic packet switches in scalable data centers is proposed and analyzed. It is capable of elastic multiple-wavelength interconnection of any node pair. The switch is compatible with silicon-photonic integration; thus it promises small size, power and cost.
“Dead White Male” in the Cornfields: The Great Books Ideal and the Illinois Wesleyan Humanities Program (2010)

This paper examines the theory and practice of the general education movement in twentieth century American higher education, especially its influence upon the curriculum development of Illinois Wesleyan University. The paper first delineated the origins of the theory of educational perennialism and its initial application in higher education in America. Then, by noticing the chronological coincidence of the IWU Humanities program with the rise of the general education movement nationwide, the paper argues that the IWU Humanities program was started under the influence of the national general education movement and the theory of educational perennialism. The national phenomenon and the IWU program shared commonality in both their specific policies as well as philosophical foundations. By extensively exploring and examining the primary sources in the Tate Archive of the Ames Library, the author carefully traced the history of the IWU Humanities 301/302 program, from its initiation to its demise. The final section of the paper was dedicated to the discussions to find out the reasons of the decline and fall of the Humanities program. In addition to perusing old university catalogs and faculty curriculum council meeting minutes, the author conducted personal interview with former director of the program and also consulted memoirs of former university presidents, in order to provide a possible answer to the question of why the IWU Humanities program declined in the 1980s and 90s, thus concluding a narrative of the history of the IWU Humanities 301/302 program.
Quantitative Epstein-Barr virus DNA analysis and detection of gene promoter hypermethylation in nasopharyngeal (NP) brushing samples from patients with NP carcinoma. (2002)

Our study demonstrated the feasibility of detecting multiple molecular tumor markers in NP brushing samples with a high sensitivity and specificity for NPC detection. It offers a powerful yet noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of NPC in high-risk populations.
Production Variance Analysis in SAP Controlling (2006)

This fully updated, revised, and extended second edtion presents a detailed explanation of how production variance analysis works in Controlling and focuses on the SAP processes and reports that assist with all phases of the Controlling process. It explains Controlling concepts from a simple and easy-to-understand level, while also containing master data and configuration setup requirements. Each chapter deals with a major sub-component of variance analysis and includes real-life examples and case study scenarios.
Signaling by Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (1993)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Variation in urinary excretion of FDG, yet another uncertainty in quantitative PET (2012)

About 10% of injected dose is excreted in urine at 70 min post injection, but the urinary FDG excretion was found to be highly variable, yet another uncertainty affecting the SUV measurements.
Rheological behavior of star-shaped polymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRheological behavior of star-shaped polymersLewis J. Fetters, Andrea D. Kiss, Dale S. Pearson, Gunther F. Quack, and F. Jerome VitusCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 4, 647–654Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00056a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00056a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2559Altmetric-Citations330LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Tic40 Expression in Tobacco Chloroplasts Results in Massive Proliferation of the Inner Envelope Membrane and Upregulation of Associated Proteins (2008)

The chloroplast inner envelope membrane (IM) plays essential roles in lipid synthesis, metabolite transport, and cellular signaling in plants. We have targeted a model nucleus-encoded IM protein from Arabidopsis thaliana, pre-Tic40-His, by relocating its expression from the nucleus to the chloroplast genome. Pre-Tic40-His was properly targeted, processed, and inserted. It attained correct topology and was folded and assembled into a TIC complex, where it accounted for up to 15% of the total chloroplast protein. These results confirm the existence of a novel pathway for protein targeting to the IM. Tic40-His overexpression resulted in a massive proliferation of the IM (up to 19 layers in electron micrographs) without significant effects on plant growth or reproduction. Consistent with IM proliferation, the expression levels of other endogenous IM proteins (IEP37, PPT, Tic110) were significantly (10-fold) upregulated but those of outer envelope membrane (Toc159), stromal (hsp93, cpn60), or thylakoid (LHCP, OE23) proteins were not increased, suggesting retrograde signal transduction between chloroplast and nuclear genomes to increase lipid and protein components for accommodation of increased accumulation of Tic40. This study opens the door for understanding the regulation of membrane biogenesis within the organelle and the utilization of transgenic chloroplasts as bioreactors for hyperaccumulation of membrane proteins for biotechnological applications.
Transduction by leukotriene B4 receptors of increases in cytosolic calcium in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1985)

The uptake of Quin-2 by human polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocytes permitted accurate fluorimetric quantification of the cytosolic concentration of intracellular calcium [( Ca+2]in), without altering the expression of the two subsets of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptors, as assessed by the binding of [3H]LTB4. Chemotactic concentrations of LTB4 elicited a rapid increase in [Ca+2]in, which reached a peak within 0.6 to 1 min and then decayed back to baseline levels by 6 to 10 min. The maximal increase and the half-maximal increase in [Ca+2]in were achieved by LTB4 at mean concentrations of 5 X 10(-10) M and 2 X 10(-10) M, respectively, where the binding of LTB4 to high-affinity receptors predominates. A rank order of potency of LTB4 greater than 5(S),12(S)-6-trans-LTB4 greater than 12(S)-LTB4 was established for the elicitation of increases in [Ca+2]in, which reflects the binding of the isomers to low-affinity receptors. PMN leukocytes were preincubated with 10(-8) M LTB4 to induce chemotactic deactivation, which eliminates the expression of high-affinity receptors without altering the expression of the low-affinity receptors for LTB4. LTB4 elicited an increase in [Ca+2]in in the deactivated PMN leukocytes with an EC50 of 3 X 10(-8) M, which is similar to the Kd for LTB4 binding to the low-affinity receptors. Two lines of cultured human leukemic cells, IM-9 and HL-60, did not bind LTB4 specifically and did not show any change in [Ca+2]in upon the addition of 3 X 10(-8) M LTB4. The HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cell line was induced to differentiate in 1% dimethyl sulfoxide to leukocytes with more mature myelocytic characteristics. Differentiated HL-60 cells expressed an average of 54,000 low-affinity receptors for LTB4 per cell with an average dissociation constant of 7.3 X 10(-8) M and concurrently developed the capacity to respond to LTB4 with an increase in [Ca+2]in. The binding of LTB4 to either high-affinity or low-affinity receptors appears to be sufficient to initiate an increase in [Ca+2]in in human PMN leukocytes and differentiated HL-60 cells. The specificity of LTB4 receptors in transducing maximum increases in [Ca+2]in is determined by the subset of receptors that predominate as a result of the concentration of LTB4 and the state of the responding cells.
Social intelligence in the normal and autistic brain: an fMRI study (1999)

There is increasing support for the existence of 'social intelligence' [Humphrey (1984) Consciousness Regained], independent of general intelligence. Brothers et al. 1990) J. Cog. Neurosci., 4, 107-118] proposed a network of neural regions that comprise the 'social brain': the orbito-frontal cortex (OFC), superior temporal gyrus (STG) and amygdala. We tested Brothers' theory by examining both normal subjects as well as patients with high-functioning autism or Asperger syndrome (AS), who are well known to have deficits in social intelligence, and perhaps deficits in amygdala function [Bauman & Kemper (1988) J. Neuropath. Exp. Neurol., 47, 369]. We used a test of judging from the expressions of another person's eyes what that other person might be thinking or feeling. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) we confirmed Brothers' prediction that the STG and amygdala show increased activation when using social intelligence. Some areas of the prefrontal cortex also showed activation. In contrast, patients with autism or AS activated the fronto-temporal regions but not the amygdala when making mentalistic inferences from the eyes. These results provide support for the social brain theory of normal function, and the amygdala theory of autism.
Mutational Activation of the <i>STE5</i> Gene Product Bypasses the Requirement for G Protein β and γ Subunits in the Yeast Pheromone Response Pathway (1994)

The STE5 gene encodes an essential element of the pheromone response pathway which is known to act either after the G subunit encoded by the STE4 gene or at the same step. Mutations in STE5, designated STE5Hyp, that partially activate the pathway in the absence of pheromone were isolated. One allele (STE5Hyp-2) was shown to cause a single amino acid substitution near the N terminus of the predicted STE5 protein. Immunoblotting with anti-Ste5 antibodies indicated that the phenotype was not due to an increased level of the mutant STE5 protein. A multicopy episomal plasmid containing a STE5Hyp allele partially suppressed both the block in pheromone-inducible transcription and the sterility phenotype caused by null alleles of the STE2, STE4, or STE18 gene, indicating that the STE5 product acts after the receptor (STE2 product) and after the G protein beta and gamma subunits (STE4 and STE18 products, respectively). However, the phenotypes of the STE5Hyp mutations were less pronounced in ste4 and ste18 mutants, suggesting that the STE5Hyp-generated signal partially depends on the proposed G beta gamma complex. The STE5Hyp alleles did not suppress ste7, ste11, ste12, or fus3 kss1 null mutants, consistent with previous findings that the STE5 product acts before the protein kinases encoded by STE7, STE11, FUS3, and KSS1 and the transcription factor encoded by STE12. The mating defects of the ste2 deletion mutant and the temperature-sensitive ste4-3 mutant were also suppressed by overexpression of wild-type STE5. The slow-growth phenotype manifested by cells carrying STE5Hyp alleles was enhanced by the sst2-1 mutation; this effect was eliminated in ste4 mutants. These results provide the first evidence that the STE5 gene product performs its function after the G protein subunits.
Inhibition of <i>Blumeria graminis</i> f. sp. <i>tritici</i> Germination and Partial Enhancement of Wheat Defenses by Milsana (2006)

ABSTRACT The prophylactic efficiency of Milsana against powdery mildew was evaluated on wheat (Triticum aestivum). A single short spraying on 10-day-old plantlets reduced the infection level by 85% and two long sprayings led to the total restriction of the disease. Although microscopic studies showed that Milsana treatments enhance hydrogen peroxide accumulation at the fungal penetration site, biochemical analysis did not allow us to correlate this accumulation with the activation of several enzyme activities involved in active oxygen species (AOS) metabolism. Only lipoxygenase activity, which is involved in both AOS metabolism and lipid peroxidation, showed a 26 to 32% increase 48-h posttreatment in leaves infiltrated with Milsana. This weak effect of Milsana on wheat lipid metabolism was confirmed at the lipid peroxidation level, which surprisingly, was shown to decrease in treated plants. In order to explain the high efficacy of Milsana, the fungistatic effect on conidia germination was also examined. In planta, we showed that a Milsana treatment resulted in a higher proportion of abnormally long appressorial germ tubes, whereas in vitro, it dramatically inhibited fungal conidia germination. The partial activity of Milsana in terms of defense response induction in the wheat/powdery mildew pathosystem and its newly described direct fungistatic activity are discussed.
Sub-10 nm patterning using EUV interference lithography (2011)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is currently considered as the leading technology for high-volume manufacturing below sub-20 nm feature sizes. In parallel, EUV interference lithography based on interference transmission gratings has emerged as a powerful tool for industrial and academic research. In this paper, we demonstrate nanopatterning with sub-10 nm resolution using this technique. Highly efficient and optimized molybdenum gratings result in resolved line/space patterns down to 8 nm half-pitch and show modulation down to 6 nm half-pitch. These results show the performance of optical nanopatterning in the sub-10 nm range and currently mark the record for photon-based lithography. Moreover, an efficient phase mask completely suppressing the zeroth-order diffraction and providing 50 nm line/space patterns over large areas is evaluated. Such efficient phase masks pave the way towards table-top EUV interference lithography systems.
Myelolipoma of adrenal gland : report of two cases (1997)

Adrenal myelolipomas are benign tumours composed of mature lipomatous tissue with a variable proportion of haematopoietic elements that resemble bone marrow. We herein report two such cases. One presented with abdominal lump and hypertension, whilethe other presented with acute renal failure. Ultrasonogram revealed hyperechoic adrenal mass and CT scan of abdomen showed mixed density adrenal mass with predominant fat density. None of them were hormonally active. The diagnosis of adrenal myelolipomawas a histological surprise. With characteristic findings on ultrasonography and CT scan a preoperative diagnosis is often possible. In fact by frequent use of these modern imaging techniques these lesions are being diagnosed with increased frequency. Treatment of these lesions need individualised approach. Small asymptomatic masses can be observed; on the other hand, large symptomatic masses should be excised.