gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation on the microstructure of SiC_p/Al_2O_3-Al composites synthesized by oxidative infiltration of Al melt (2001)

SiC p/Al 2O 3 Al composites were synthesized by oxidative infiltration of Al melt at low cost. The microstructures of the synthesized composites were investigated using X ray photoelectron spectrometer, optical microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X ray diffraction. The key controlling factor and controlling rule on microstructures of the composites were analyzed. The result indicates that the amount of co continuous Al 2O 3 and Al (Si) phases in composites can be tailored by properly choosing SiC particle size. In the synthesized SiC p/Al 2O 3 Al composites, no reaction product or impurity phase is observed at the interface between various phases or grains. The second nucleation and direct growth of Al 2O 3 at the surface of SiC particle frequently occurs, which in turn form the integral Al 2O 3 SiC ceramic skeleton with excellent physical metallurgy bond.
The Ala16Val genetic dimorphism modulates the import of human manganese superoxide dismutase into rat liver mitochondria. (2003)

A genetic dimorphism encodes for either alanine (Ala) or valine (Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and has been reported to modulate the risk of some cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and severe alcoholic liver disease. Although functional consequences of this dimorphism on MnSOD activity have not been assessed, computer models predict a partial alpha-helix structure for the Ala-MnSOD/MTS, but a beta-sheet structure for the Val-variant, which could hamper mitochondrial import. To investigate this hypothesis, we studied the in-vitro import of chimaeric proteins composed of either one of the MnSOD/MTS fused to the mouse dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) protein, and the import of the two human MnSOD precursor variants into rat liver mitochondria. Compared to Ala-proteins, the Val-MnSOD/MTS-DHFR precursor and Val-MnSOD precursor were both partly arrested within the inner mitochondrial membrane. The Ala-MnSOD precursor generated 30-40% more of the active, matricial, processed MnSOD homotetramer than the Val-MnSOD precursor. These results show that the Ala-MnSOD/MTS allows efficient MnSOD import into the mitochondrial matrix, while the Val-variant causes partial arrest of the precursor within the inner membrane and decreased formation of the active MnSOD tetramer in the mitochondrial matrix.
Gynecologic presentation of interstitial cystitis as detected by intravesical potassium sensitivity (2001)

A significant majority of gynecologic patients presenting with pelvic pain have a positive Potassium Sensitivity Test, indicating their pain may have a bladder component (interstitial cystitis). Interstitial cystitis deserves greater consideration in the differential diagnosis of chronic pelvic pain.
Computerized Delivery Control – A Useful and Safe Complement to the Type and Screen Compatibility Testing (1997)

The procedure using a computerized system as a guard against human mistakes has been found to be safe and reliable and is now widely used in Sweden.
First Observation of Electron Paired with Divalent and Trivalent Nonreactive Metal Cations in Water (2004)

The effects of several chloride and perchlorate salts (NH4+, Na+, Mg2+, Tb3+) at high concentration in water on the optical absorption spectrum of the hydrated electron are studied. For a given salt, the hydrated electron spectrum shifts toward high energy as the salt concentration is increased. For the same chloride salt concentration, the blue shift of the hydrated electron spectrum increases with the charge of the cation, the largest corresponding to the pair formed with Tb3+, studied for the first time.
Towards SLO complying SSDs through OPS isolation (2015)

Virtualization systems should be responsible for satisfying the service level objectives (SLOs) for each VM. Performance SLOs, in particular, are generally achieved by isolating the underlying hardware resources among the VMs. In this paper, we show through empirical evaluation that performance SLOs cannot be satisfied with current commercial SSDs. We show that garbage collection is the source of this problem and that this cannot be easily controlled because of the interaction between VMs. To control the effect of garbage collection on VMs, we propose a scheme called OPS isolation. OPS isolation allocates flash memory blocks so that blocks of one VM do not interfere with blocks of other VMs during garbage collection. Experimental results show that performance SLO can be achieved through OPS isolation.
Über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone XIV. Die Gemeinsame Einwirkung Von Schwefel und Ammoniak auf Ketocarbonsäuren bzw. Deren Ester (1958)

Abstract Bei der Einwirkung von Ammoniak und Schwefel auf ω‐Acetyl‐valeriansäure (6‐Oxo‐önanthsäure) kommt es in glatter Reaktion zur Bildung von 2.4‐Dimethyl‐2‐(ω‐carboxy‐n‐butyl)‐5‐(ω‐carboxy‐n‐propyl)‐thiazolin‐Δ 3 (V). — In gleicher Weise verhalten sich die Ester dieser Säure. Die saure Hydrolyse von V führt zu Ammoniak, ω‐Acetyl‐valeriansäure und 5‐Mercapto‐6‐oxo‐önanthsäure. Brenztraubensäure bzw. deren Ester und Acetessigester geben keine Thiazoline‐Δ 3 , sondern reagieren ausschließlich mit Ammoniak allein. — Hingegen lassen sich durch Kondensation von Mercaptobrenztraubensäure bzw. deren Estern mit Ammoniak und Oxoverbindungen Thiazolin‐Δ 3 ‐4‐carbonsäuren bzw. deren Ester herstellen. α‐ und γ‐Mercaptoacetessigester gehen im allgemeinen die gleiche Kondensation nicht ein.
High-performance solar-blind AlGaN photodetectors (2005)

Design, fabrication, and characterization of high-performance Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N-based photodetectors for solar-blind applications are reported. Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>N heterostructures were designed for Schottky, p-i-n, and metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) photodiodes. The solar-blind photodiode samples were fabricated using a microwave compatible fabrication process. The resulting devices exhibited extremely low dark currents. Below 3 fA leakage currents at 6 V and 12 V reverse bias were measured on p-i-n and Schottky photodiode samples respectively. The excellent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics led to a detectivity performance of 4.9x10<sup>14</sup> cmHz<sup>1/2</sup>/W<sup>-1</sup>. The MSM devices exhibited photoconductive gain, while Schottky and p-i-n samples displayed 0.15 A/W and 0.11 A/W peak responsivity values at 267 nm and 261 nm respectively. All samples displayed true solar-blind response with cut-off wavelengths smaller than 280 nm. A visible rejection of 4x10<sup>4</sup> was achieved with Schottky detector samples. High speed measurements at 267 nm resulted in fast pulse responses with >GHz bandwidths. The fastest devices were MSM photodiodes with a maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 5.4 GHz.
Key Object Discovery and Tracking Based on Context-Aware Saliency (2013)

In this paper, we propose an online key object discovery and tracking system based on visual saliency. We formulate the problem as a temporally consistent binary labelling task on a conditional random field and solve it by using a particle filter. We also propose a context-aware saliency measurement, which can be used to improve the accuracy of any static or dynamic saliency maps. Our refined saliency maps provide clearer indications as to where the key object lies. Based on good saliency cues, we can further segment the key object inside the resulting bounding box, considering the spatial and temporal context. We tested our system extensively on different video clips. The results show that our method has significantly improved the saliency maps and tracks the key object accurately.
Comparison of Low Complexity Coherent Receivers for UDWDM-PONs ($\lambda$-to-the-user) (2017)

It is predicted that demand in optical access networks will reach multi-Gb/s per user. However, the limited performance of the direct detection receiver technology currently used in the optical network units at the customers' premises restricts data rates/user. Therefore, the concept of coherent-enabled access networks has attracted attention in recent years, as this technology offers high receiver sensitivity, inherent frequency selectivity, and linear field detection enabling the full compensation of linear channel impairments. However, the complexity of conventional (dual-polarisation digital) coherent receivers has so far prevented their introduction into access networks. Thus, to exploit the benefits of coherent technology in the ONUs, low complexity coherent receivers, suitable for implementation in ONUs, are needed. In this paper, the recently proposed low complexity coherent (i.e., polarisation-independent Alamouti-coding heterodyne) receiver is, for the first time, compared in terms of its minimum receiver sensitivity with five previously reported receiver designs, including a detailed discussion on their advantages and limitations. It is shown that the Alamouti-coding based receiver approach allows the lowest number of photons per bit (PPB) transmitted (with a lower bound of 15.5 PPB in an ideal system simulations) whilst requiring the lowest optical receiver hardware complexity. It also exhibits comparable complexity to the currently deployed direct-detection receivers, which typically require >1000 PPB. Finally, a comparison of experimentally achieved receiver sensitivities and transmission distances using these receivers is presented. The highest spectral efficiency and longest transmission distance at the highest bit rate reported using the Alamouti-coding receiver, which is also the only one, to date, to have been demonstrated in a full system bidirectional transmission.
Pharmacodynamic markers in the early clinical assessment of otamixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor (2005)

This manuscript reports the assessment of pharmacodynamic (PD) markers of anti-coagulation in the first-in-man study with the novel direct Factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor, otamixaban, with a brief description of safety and pharmacokinetic (PK) findings. The study comprised ten consecutive parallel groups of healthy male subjects (6 active, 2 placebo per group). Eight groups received escalating intravenous doses of otamixaban as 6-hour infusions (1.7 to 183 microg/kg/h) and two groups received a bolus dose (30 or 120 microg/kg) with a 6-hour infusion (60 or 140 microg/ kg/h, respectively). PD markers included anti-FXa activity and clotting time measurements, i.e. activated Thromboplastin Time (aPTT), Prothrombin Time (PT), Heptest Clotting Time (HCT), and Russell's Viper Venom-induced clotting Time (RVVT). In addition, Endogenous Thrombin Potential (ETP) was assessed in the bolus-plus-infusion dose groups. Otamixaban was well tolerated. Otamixaban plasma concentrations increased with escalating dose, were maximal at the end-of-infusion (C(eoi)), and decreased rapidly as the infusion was stopped. Anti-FXa activity coincided with otamixaban plasma concentrations and clotting time measurements followed the same pattern. Maximal changes from baseline at C(eoi) were 1.9 +/- 0.2 for aPTT, 2.0 +/- 0.2 for PT, 5.1 +/- 0.6 for HCT, and 4.5 +/- 1.2 for RVVT. Otamixaban inhibited thrombin generation (24% decrease in ETP) and a delay in thrombin generation was noticed in vitro at high concentrations.
Weak Write Test Mode: an SRAM cell stability design for test technique (2002)

The detection of cell stability and data retention faults in SRAMs has been a time consuming process. In this paper we discuss a new design for test technique called Weak Write Test Mode (WWTM). This technique applies test circuitry which attempts to overwrite the data stored in SRAM cells. It is designed so that only defective cells are overwritren. The resulting test has a shorter test time and improved detection capability. In addition, WWTM has a low silicon area cost and no impact on product performance. Silicon results are reported.
Thermal Protection of Induction Motors Enhanced by Interactive Electrical and Thermal Models (1984)

Models are of interest to application engineers because they identify important electrical, thermal, and mechanical interactions in an induction motor. They provide a format for the parameters which must be obtained. The loading and terminal conditions can then be specified and the model state equations used to obtain the thermal limit curves and, what is more important, the time solution for current, torque, speed, and the temperatures of the rotor and stator.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SECTIONED BIOLOGICAL MATERIAL (1962)

Some sources of significant error in quantitative cytochemical work are discussed and methods for their control and elimination described. These recommendations are based on a study of distortion and thickness variation in histological sections of embedded biological tissues. To achieve the objectives of the investigation, it proved necessary to manufacture special microtome knives having standardized properties and to develop an optico-mechanical procedure for topographic mapping of section thickness. Altogether 10,500 thickness determinations were made on 140 sections, there being 10 similar sections in each of 14 series which differed with respect to tissue type, embedding substance, microtome drive and feed setting. The results disclosed that, even under ideal sectioning conditions and irrespective of tissue type or embedding substance, considerable variations in thickness must be anticipated, particularly between sections in a series. The mean coefficient of variation for the deviations between and within sections nominally 5 µ thick was 28% and 5% respectively. A method has been devised whereby the thickness of a duplicate of a biological section can be used as an estimate of the mean thickness of that section, thus enabling the magnitude of the intersectional thickness variation in a series to be assessed and corrected for. In this method the microtome knife cuts simultaneously with the section of biological material a plastic duplicate thereof. Such plastic duplicates are optically homogeneous and their thickness can readily be determined in an interference microscope. The method has been adapted for embedded as well as for frozen tissue. Its value has been checked by making a total of 714 thickness determinations on 51 tissue sections and their duplicates. Analysis of regression showed that when the nominal section thickness indicated by the microtome feed setting was used as an estimate of mean section thickness the coefficient of variation was 13% for paraffin sections and 45% for frozen sections with a nominal thickness of 5 µ. The corresponding figures when thickness duplicates were used as estimates of mean section thickness amounted to merely 7% and 14% respectively.
Development of Microbial Consortia for the Effective Treatment of Complex Wastewater (2014)

The complex wastewater was characterized for physicochemical parameter. Five microbial species were isolated from different potential sources and their degradation potential was evaluated individually and in the form of consortia. Accordingly, lab studies were carried out in biological treatment system using aerobic microbial consortia along with individual microbial species in separate reactors. Temperature and pH of reaction tank was continuously monitored during study period. Other vital physicochemical parameters viz. COD, BOD, TSS and TDS were evaluated during 72 hours of study. The microbial consortia comprise of Pseudomonas spp., Actinomycetes spp., Bacillus spp., Streptomyces spp. and Staphylococcus spp. was able to trim down the physicochemical parameters of complex wastewater. The consortia demonstrated high COD and BOD reduction up to 90.17% and 94.02% respectively, compared to individual microbial species ranging from 42.11-59.76% for COD and 58.55-77.31% in case of BOD.
Comparison of ultra-shallow junctions with PLAD and beamline implantation (2003)

As device manufacturers consider the use of pulsed plasma doping (PLAD) for production doping, they are becoming concerned about insertion of the PLAD process into their present process flows. In particular, they need to be confident that an annealed dopant profile produced by PLAD matches their conventional one obtained with beamline implantation. This paper presents results of a comparative study with as-implanted and annealed SIMS profiles for p-type doping with a BF/sub 3/ plasma or n-type doping with an AsH/sub 3/ plasma at wafer biases ranging from -200 V to -5 kV and doses typical of source/drain extensions. Sheet resistance data (R/sub s/) for these wafers in conjunction with the measured junction depths (x/sub j/) will be examined to see if PLAD results in a lower combination of R/sub s/ and x/sub j/ than equivalent beamline implants. In addition, the characteristics of annealed PLAD SIMS profiles will be interpreted in light of recent device results showing improved device performance with PLAD.
In silico screening of metal–organic frameworks in separation applications (2011)

Porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) offer considerable potential for separating a variety of mixtures such as those relevant for CO(2) capture (CO(2)/H(2), CO(2)/CH(4), CO(2)/N(2)), CH(4)/H(2), alkanes/alkenes, and hydrocarbon isomers. There are basically two different separation technologies that can be employed: (1) a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) unit with a fixed bed of adsorbent particles, and (2) a membrane device, wherein the mixture is allowed to permeate through a micro-porous crystalline layer. In view of the vast number of MOFs, and ZIFs that have been synthesized there is a need for a systematic screening of potential candidates for any given separation task. Also of importance is to investigate how MOFs and ZIFs stack up against the more traditional zeolites such as NaX and NaY with regard to their separation characteristics. This perspective highlights the potency of molecular simulations in determining the choice of the best MOF or ZIF for a given separation task. A variety of metrics that quantify the separation performance, such as adsorption selectivity, working capacity, diffusion selectivity, and membrane permeability, are determined from a combination of Configurational-Bias Monte Carlo (CBMC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations. The practical utility of the suggested screening methodology is demonstrated by comparison with available experimental data.
Physical Layer Design Issues Unique to Cognitive Radio Systems (2006)

Cognitive radio systems offer the opportunity to improve spectrum utilization by detecting unoccupied spectrum bands and adapting the transmission to those bands while avoiding the interference to primary users. This novel approach to spectrum access introduces unique functions at the physical layer: reliable detection of primary users and adaptive transmission over a wide bandwidth. In this paper, we address design issues involved in an implementation of these functions that could limit their performance or even make them infeasible. The critical design problem at the receiver is to achieve stringent requirements on radio sensitivity and perform signal processing to detect weak signals received by a wideband RF front-end with limited dynamic range. At the transmitter, wideband modulation schemes require adaptation to different frequency bands and power levels without creating interference to active primary users. We introduce algorithms and techniques whose implementation could meet these challenging requirements.
The Effects of Web Atmospherics on Entertainment Gratification and Web Irritation: Some Empirical Evidence from Online Shopping (2013)

The difficulty in converting web browsers into actual online customers remains a problem for many online retailers. While previous studies have suggested that online retailers should strive to increase entertainment gratification and reduce web irritation among online consumers, they lack empirical evidence to support the manipulation of web atmospherics toward this end. The research presented here establishes and tests the conceptual links of web atmospherics, entertainment gratification and web irritation. Data were collected using survey and mall-intercept systematic sampling approaches and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that well-designed dynamic web atmospherics had a significant effect in increasing entertainment gratification and reducing web irritation. Implications and recommendations from the research findings are also presented.
Biochemistry of the sphingolipids. XVIII. Complete structure of tetrasaccharide phytoglycolipid (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBiochemistry of the sphingolipids. XVIII. Complete structure of tetrasaccharide phytoglycolipidHerbert E. Carter, Donald R. Strobach, and John N. HawthorneCite this: Biochemistry 1969, 8, 1, 383–388Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00829a053https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00829a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations75LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Liver‐specific loss of β‐catenin blocks glutamine synthesis pathway activity and cytochrome p450 expression in mice†‡ (2006)

There is accumulating evidence that Wnt/beta-catenin signaling is involved in the regulation of liver development and physiology. The presence of genetic alterations resulting in constitutive beta-catenin stabilization in human and murine liver tumors also implicates this pathway in hepatocyte proliferation. In the present study, we generated hepatocyte-specific beta-catenin knockout mice to explore the role of beta-catenin in liver function. Conditional knockout mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and developed normally to adulthood, indicating beta-catenin is dispensable for essential liver function under normal breeding conditions. However, the liver mass of knockout mice was 20% less than those of mice in the control groups. Expression analysis revealed loss of genes required for glutamine synthesis in knockout mice. Loss of the liver glutamine synthesis pathway did not affect the blood ammonia level in mice fed a standard diet, yet, knockout mice showed significantly elevated blood ammonia levels with high-protein dietary feeding. Furthermore, the expression of two cytochrome P450 enzymes, CYP1A2 and CYP2E1, was almost completely abolished in livers from hepatocyte-specific beta-catenin knockout mice. Consequently, these mice were resistant to acetaminophen challenge, confirming the requirement of these cytochrome P450 enzymes for metabolism of xenobiotic substances. In conclusion, in addition to regulating hepatocyte proliferation, beta-catenin may also control multiple aspects of normal liver function.