gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MECHANISMS OF CHROMOSOME BANDING AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE (1978)

Orthologs and paralogs are two fundamentally different types of homologous genes that evolved, respectively, by vertical descent from a single ancestral gene and by duplication. Orthology and paralogy are key concepts of evolutionary genomics. A ...Read More
Medium-Range, Weekly and Seasonal Peak Demand Forecasting by Probability Methods (1971)

Statistical procedures have been developed, computer programs prepared and documented, and techniques tested for the preparation of weekly and seasonal peak demand forecasts with lead times up to seven years. Probability information in the form of both standard deviation and 99% confidence interval gives a comprehensive basis for system planning but this can be supplemented by a tabulation of the forecast's probability distribution in cases where more detailed information is needed. The practicality of the forecasting procedure has been demonstrated by tests with data from four electric utility companies having different types of service territory and varied load composition. Results are included for three of these companies.
Pesticide encapsulation using a starch–borate complex as wall material (1982)

Abstract A new technique has been developed for encapsulating pesticides for controlled release. The method consists in mixing starch, pesticide, and water; adding alkali to gelatinize the starch; and treating the mixture with boric acid. The solid product is a starch–borate adduct, entrapping the pesticide within small cells. Initially, the adduct is a rubbery gel which, when treated with alcohol or ground with additional pearl starch, yields particles suitable for drying to the 10–35‐mesh range. When the starch is used to break up the gel, the technique is useful for retaining water‐soluble compounds. Water‐insoluble pesticides, emulsifiable concentrates, and wettable powders are encapsulated and recovered in high yields. Acid‐labile pesticides such as diazinon are stable in the borate gel. The process was scaled up successfully by use of a double planetary mixer.
Photorefractive optical damage in protonated LiNbO3 waveguides (2001)

The photorefractive optical damage in annealed proton-exchanged LiNbO3 planar waveguides is studied. The pfotorefractive thresholds for the wavelengths 514.5 and 647.1 nm are determined. Also, the light-induced refractive index change in a wide range of powers is determined. An interesting and unexpected photorefractive behaviour of the samples in q-state (metastable at room temperature) and s-state (steady-state) is described. An analysis of the light self action in s-type waveguides is performed and used for estimating the waveguide conductivity.
Protective effect of reduced glutathione on brain with deep hypothermia circulatory arrest in rats (2011)

Objectives To explore the protective effect of reduced glutathione(GSH)on brain with deep hyperthermia circulatory arrest(DHCA)in rats.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)group;DHCA group;GSH preconditioning group.Before and after CPB,a venous blood was obained for detection of proteins S-100β and NSE.The brain was removed quickly after the rats had been sacrificed.Some of the brains were used to compute the water content;others were used to detect the pathologic changes.Results DHCA group had a significantly more apparent pathological changes than normothermic CPB group,but GSH preconditioning group did not.After CPB,DHCA group had a significantly higher brain water content than normothermic CPB group(P = 0.012).GSH preconditioning group had a lower brain water content,but the difference is not significant when compared with normothermic CPB group and DHCA group.After CPB,the level of S-100β and NSE was raised significantly in all groups.Among them,DHCA group had the highest level.However,there were no significant differences between three groups.Conclusions The brain is seriously damaged by DHCA in rats.GSH precondition might have protective effect on brain with DHCA to some extent.
Liver morphology and function in visceral leishmaniasis (Kala-azar). (1994)

Visceral leishmaniasis causes morphological and functional disturbance in the liver. Focal fibrosis rather than cirrhosis occurs. The exact aetiology of hepatic damage is unclear but may have an immunological basis.
Translation policy and indigenous languages in Hispanic Latin America (2018)

Abstract This article examines the status of translation policy as it relates to public service interfaces between the dominant Spanish-speaking sectors of society and speakers of some of the many indigenous languages of Latin America. The article focuses on Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia and Paraguay, and Peru is used as a case study based on recent first-hand research. Translation policy is inherently bound up with language policy, where the latter exists. However, there is variation from state to state as to whether language rights legislation has been passed, whether it is implemented through policy, and the extent to which translation policy is part of the legislative framework. The case of Peru illustrates the need for translation and interpreting (T&I) services following conflicts and painful human rights infringements. Across the board, T&I have hitherto been ad hoc practices, giving rise to translation policy de facto. Formalized T&I training initiatives and legislative processes are now underway in Peru, and may give rise to explicit translation policies evolving there and elsewhere in the region in the future.
Synthesis of Multilevel Converters Based on Single-and/or Three-phase Converter Building Blocks (2007)

This paper synthesizes a family of multilevel converters that is constructed by using multiple well-developed single-phase converters and/or three-phase converters as the building blocks. The resulting advantages include modular structure that leads to convenient construction, maintenance and control as well as extension to higher voltage levels. One successful example from this family is the cascaded H-bridge converter, which is now widely used in var compensation and motor drive applications for its many advantages. Another emerging member is the Hexagram converter, composed of six interconnected three-phase converter modules, which has many eminent features such as lowed component count and requirement compared to the cascaded H-bridge inverter, and thus, is a promising candidate for high power applications.
A Rapid Approach to Build Jacobians for Optical Tomography via Monte Carlo Method and Photon “Replay” (2017)

We report a rapid approach to build three-dimensional spatial-temporal Jacobians via the Monte Carlo method for absorption and scattering perturbations. A photon “replay” approach was implemented for both voxel- and mesh-based MC simulations.
Hierarchical Nanowire Arrays as Three-Dimensional Fractal Nanobiointerfaces for High Efficient Capture of Cancer Cells (2015)

A hierarchical assembled ITO nanowire array with both horizontal and vertical nanowire branches was fabricated as a new three-dimensional fractal nanobiointerface for efficient cancer cell capture. Comparing with ITO nanowire array without branches, this fractal nanobiointerface exhibited much higher efficiency (89% vs 67%) and specificity in capturing cancer cells and took shorter time (35 vs 45 min) to reach the maximal capture efficiency. As indicated by the immunofluorescent and ESEM images, this enhancement can be attributed to the improvement of topographical interaction between cells and the substrate. The introduction of horizontal and vertical nanowire branches makes the substrate topographically match better with cell filopodia and provides more binding sites for cell capture. The live/dead cell staining and proliferation experiments confirm that this fractal nanobiointerface displays excellent cyto-compatibility with an over 96% cell viability after capture. These results provide new insights and may open up opportunities in designing and engineering new cell-material interfaces for advanced biomedical applications.
The relationship between the structure of monoalkyl branched saturated fatty acids and some physical properties (1993)

Abstract The gel point and the refractive index of monoalkyl branched saturated fatty acids were determined and related to the structure of the acids. A three‐factor central composite face‐centered design was constructed where the three variables were the length of the main chain, the branching position and the length of the side chain. Second‐order models were calculated in which the two properties were related to the structure. In order to confirm the validity of the models, two additional fatty acids were analyzed. The gel point was found to be proportional to the length of the main chain and the square of the branching position whereas the refractive index was proportional to the length of both the main and the side chain and also to the square of the main chain.
Chemical treatment of wood for musical instruments (1994)

After a review of the structure of wood concerning its acoustic properties and a discussion of the merits and demerits of wood as a material for making soundboards of stringed instruments, the effects of three chemical treatments (a low molecular weight phenolic resin treatment, a resorcin/formaldehyde treatment, and a saligenin/formaldehyde treatment) on the acoustic properties of Sitka spruce wood are reported and compared with those of formaldehyde treatment. All three chemical treatments increased the specific dynamic Young’s modulus and greatly decreased damping (tan δ) without greatly increasing specific gravity. The range was almost equivalent to that with formaldehyde treatment whose superb effects have already been confirmed in the violin. With saligenin/formaldehyde treatment, the frequency dependence of tan δ could be controlled over a wide range by changing the saligenin concentration. In all treatments, hygroscopicity was reduced and dimensional stability was improved significantly.
A comparison between three development tools for real-time expert systems: Chronos, G2 and Muse (2003)

A comparison, based on a study of how time is treated, of three development tools for a real-time expert system is presented. The tools are discussed, and some of their advantages and disadvantages are pinpointed. Since these tools are only a partial answer to the problem of real time within the expert system's area, recommendations concerning the use of each tool are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential Privacy for the Vast Majority (2019)

Differential privacy has become one of the widely used mechanisms for protecting sensitive information in databases and information systems. Although differential privacy provides a clear measure of privacy guarantee, it implicitly assumes that each individual corresponds to a single record in the result of a database query. This assumption may not hold in many database query applications. When an individual has multiple records, strict implementation of differential privacy may cause significant information loss. In this study, we extend the differential privacy principle to situations where multiple records in a database are associated with the same individual. We propose a new privacy principle that integrates differential privacy with the Pareto principle in analyzing privacy risk and data utility. When applied to the situations with multiple records per person, the proposed approach can significantly reduce the information loss in the released query results with a relatively small relaxation in the differential privacy guarantee. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated using three real-world databases.
Automatic Segmentation and Inpainting of Specular Highlights for Endoscopic Imaging (2010)

Minimally invasive medical procedures have become increasingly common in today's healthcare practice.Images taken during such procedures largely show tissues of human organs, such as the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract.These surfaces usually have a glossy appearance showing specular highlights.For many visual analysis algorithms, these distinct and bright visual features can become a significant source of error.In this article, we propose two methods to address this problem: (a) a segmentation method based on nonlinear filtering and colour image thresholding and (b) an efficient inpainting method.The inpainting algorithm eliminates the negative effect of specular highlights on other image analysis algorithms and also gives a visually pleasing result.The methods compare favourably to the existing approaches reported for endoscopic imaging.Furthermore, in contrast to the existing approaches, the proposed segmentation method is applicable to the widely used sequential RGB image acquisition systems.
<title>Progress in zirconium resonance ionization spectroscopy</title> (1993)

We have examined the stepwise-resonant three-photon-ionization spectrum of neutral Zirconium atoms using three separately-tunable pulsed visible dye lasers. The ground-level (first-step) transitions were chosen on the basis of demonstrated <SUP>91</SUP>Zr selectivity. Lifetimes of even-parity levels around 36000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP>, measured with the delayed- photoionization technique, range from 10 to 100 nsec. Direct ionization cross sections appear to be less than 10<SUP>-17</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>; newly-detected autoionizing levels give peak ionization cross sections (inferred from saturation fluences) up to 10<SUP>-15</SUP> cm<SUP>2</SUP>. Portions of Rydberg series converging to the 315 and 763 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> levels of Zr<SUP>+</SUP> were identified. 'Clumps' of autoionizing levels are thought to be due to Rydberg-valence mixing.
Paradigmes et gestion des soins infirmiers, analyse de la structure organisationnelle actuelle d'un grand hôpital (1992)

Les hôpitaux se sont développés à une époque où le positivisme devenait une perception prédominante du monde. Le positivisme se fondait sur quatre tendances occidentales: prépondérance de la hiérarchie et de l'autocratie, expansion de la bureaucratie, application généralisée d'une orientation mécaniste au travail et prédominance de l'enquête «scientifique». La théorie organisationnelle s'est en grande partie développée à partir des constatations tirées des recherches quantitatives découlant d'une perception positiviste du monde. Nous présentons une étude de cas dans laquelle on analyse la structure organisationnelle actuelle des soins infirmiers d'un grand hôpital. On constate que la gestion des soins infirmiers repose sur un paradigme positiviste, à preuve la prédominance de l'orientation mécaniste et une structure autocratique et bureaucratique. On a fait l'essai d'un changement dont l'objet était de passer à la régie partagée, indice d'une évolution vers une structure organisationnelle plus moderne, reposant sur un paradigme différent. L'auteur termine en rappelant que les gestionnaires sont en grande partie responsables de la facilitation du changement, changement qui répondra aux besoins internes de ressources humaines et aux crises de rentabilité des hôpitaux actuels par une utilisation plus efficace des ressources humaines.
Photoinduced Molecular Rearrangements. The Photochemistry of Some 1,2,4-Oxadiazoles in the Presence of Nitrogen Nucleophiles. Formation of 1,2,4-Triazoles, Indazoles, and Benzimidazoles (1996)

The photochemistry of some 3,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-oxadiazoles in the presence of nitrogen nucleophiles [external, such as added amines or hydrazines, or internal, such as an o-aminophenyl moiety at C(3) of the oxadiazole ring] has been investigated. In the irradiation of 5-amino-(or 5-N-substituted amino) 3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles in the presence of aliphatic primary amines (or ammonia), photolytic species arising from heterolytic cleavage of the ring O−N bond capture the nucleophilic reagent to give open-chain intermediates, which develop into 1,2,4-triazolin-5-ones. Similarly, irradiations of 3,5-diphenyl-, 3-methoxy-5-phenyl-, and 5-methyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles gave 1,2,4-triazoles. In the same context, irradiations of representative substrates in the presence of hydrazines have been also investigated. In the irradiation of 3-(o-aminophenyl)-5-methyl-, 3-[o-(methylamino)phenyl]-5-methyl-, and 3-(o-aminophenyl)-5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles, concomitant formation of indazoles and benzimidazoles, presumably arising from a common photolytic species, has been observed. Some mechanistic aspects have been considered, and possible applications in synthesis have been pointed out.
Tumor and Endothelial Cell Hybrids Participate in Glioblastoma Vasculature (2014)

A fraction of GBM stem cells thus has the capacity to fuse with endothelial cells and the resulting hybrids may participate in tumor microvascular proliferation and in treatment resistance.
The complete nucleotide sequence of region 1 of the CFA/I fimbria! operon of human enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1992)

The production of the plasmid-encoded fimbrial antigen CFA/I of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli requires two DNA regions: CFA/I region 1 and CFA/I region 2. These two regions are separated by about 40 kb on the wildtype plasmid. CFA/I region 1 contains the structural genes, whereas CFA/I region 2 contains a positive regulator. The first two genes (cfaA and cfaB) and the cfaD' sequence of region 1 have already been described. Here the total nucleotide sequence of region 1 is presented. Two new genes in region 1 are described, named cfaC and cfaE. The GC content of the genes in region 1 is 33.6% which is substantially lower than normally found in E. coli genes (50%). The codon usage also differs from the standard codons used in E. coli.
Impact of high‐dose granulocyte transfusions in patients with cancer with candidemia (2004)

Despite the presence of multiple predictors of increased mortality, high-dose GTX therapy in these high-risk patients with cancer was associated with better than expected survival rates.
P3-14-08: A Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Carboplatin (GC) Plus Iniparib (BSI-201) as Neoadjuvant Therapy for Triple-Negative and BRCA1/2 Mutation-Associated Breast Cancer. (2011)

Abstract Background The combination of gemcitabine, platinum and inhibition of DNA repair results in synergistic chemosensitivity in triple-negative and BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cell lines. This study was designed to assess efficacy, safety and predictors of response to iniparib, a small molecule whose mechanism of action is under investigation, in combination with GC in early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC. Methods: This single-arm, phase II study (NCT00813956) enrolled patients with clinical stage I-IIIA (T ≥1cm by MRI) estrogen receptor-negative (≤ 5%), progesterone receptor-negative (≤ 5%), and HER2−negative or BRCA1/2 mutation-associated BC. Neoadjuvant gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2; IV; D1, 8), carboplatin (AUC 2; IV; D1, 8), and iniparib (5.6 mg/kg; IV; D1, 4, 8, 11) were given every 21 days for 4 cycles, until the protocol was amended to increase the treatment duration to 6 cycles with enrollment of 36 patients. The protocol was further amended to increase the patient number with expansion to additional centers. Prior to expansion, reporting of interim safety and efficacy results was specified. The primary endpoint is pathologic complete response (pCR), defined as the absence of invasive carcinoma in the breast and axilla. Pathologic response was assessed using the residual cancer burden (RCB) index. Secondary endpoints included safety, radiographic response by MRI, breast conservation eligibility and correlation of baseline gene expression with response. Results: The pre-expansion cohort consisted of 13 patients assigned to 4 cycles of treatment and 36 patients assigned to 6 cycles of treatment. Among these 49 patients (50 tumors), median tumor size is 35 mm, and median age is 48 years. The overall pCR rate is 34% (95% CI = 22–48); the pCR rate at 6 cycles is 41% (95% CI = 26–57). RCB 0/I was observed in 5/13 pts (38%; 95% CI = 18–64) treated with 4 cycles; 21/37 (57%; 95% CI = 41–71) treated with 6 cycles; and 9/9 pts (100%) with known BRCA1/2 mutations. Two pts experienced disease progression, two locoregional relapse, and three distant relapse. Among 45 tumors with Affymetrix-based RNA microarray gene expression data, 39/45 (87%) are classified as basal-like, 3/45 (7%) luminal B, and 3/45 (7%) normal breast-like. Most common G3/4 adverse events include neutropenia (31%), anemia (10%), and elevated ALT/AST (10%). Alopecia and chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea were uncommon. Analyses of secondary endpoints are ongoing and will be presented. Conclusions: Preoperative GC plus iniparib is active in the treatment of early-stage triple-negative and BRCA1/2 mutation-associated breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-14-08.
Differential kinetics of human cytomegalovirus load and antibody responses in primary infection of the immunocompetent and immunocompromised host (2014)

The comparative long-term kinetics of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) load and HCMV-specific antibody responses in the immunocompetent and immunocompromised solid-organ transplanted host during primary HCMV infection was investigated. In total, 40 immunocompetent subjects and 17 transplanted patients were examined for viral load as well as for IgG antibody responses to HCMV glycoproteins gH/gL/pUL128L, gH/gL and gB, and neutralizing antibodies in ARPE-19 epithelial cells and human fibroblasts. In parallel, the CD4(+) and CD8(+) HCMV-specific T-cell responses were determined by cytokine flow cytometry. Transplanted patients reached significantly higher viral DNA peaks, which persisted longer than in immunocompetent subjects. The ELISA-IgG responses to the pentamer, gH/gL and gB were significantly higher in primary infections of the immunocompetent until six months after onset, with the two antibody levels then overlapping from six to 12 months. Antibody levels neutralizing infection of epithelial cells were significantly higher in transplanted patients after six months, persisting for up to a year after transplantation. This trend was not observed for antibodies neutralizing infection of human fibroblasts, which showed higher titres in the immunocompetent over the entire one-year follow-up. In conclusion, in immunocompromised patients the viral load peak was much higher, while the neutralizing antibody response exceeded that detected in the immunocompetent host starting six months after onset of follow-up, often concomitantly with a lack of specific CD4(+) T cells. In this setting, the elevated antibody response occurred in the presence of differentiated follicular helper T cells in the blood, which decreased in number as did antibody titres upon reappearance of HCMV-specific CD4(+) T cells.
Investigation of performance limits of germanium double-gated MOSFETs (2004)

The performance limits and engineering issues of ultra-thin body (UTB) double gated (DG) Ge channel n-MOSFETs are examined in this paper. The non-equilibrium Green's Function (NEGF) approach, including both L and /spl Delta/ conduction valleys, is employed for source to drain current, while the improved WKB tunneling is employed for substrate to drain (band-to-band BTB) and gate to channel current. All possible Ge surfaces and channel orientations are explored. Our results conclude that in addition to lower power supply voltage advantages, the engineered Ge<110> devices with suppressed BTB and gate leakages can achieve better intrinsic delay to OFF power ratio than Si<100> devices.