gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative study on functional components, antioxidant activity and color parameters of selected colored leafy vegetables as affected by photoperiods (2009)

Five selected leafy vegetables with different leaf color were evaluated for their functional components, antioxidant activity and color parameters grown under different levels of photoperiod. All vegetable plants were grown in controlled chamber under the levels of photoperiod as 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours. The leaves of vegetables plant contained the highest content of betacyanin, chlorophyll, total polyphenol and antioxidant activity under a 12 hour and the lowest was found in a 24 hour photoperiod. The highest contents at every photoperiodic level were in the order of red amaranth>red beet>swiss chard>red spinach>green amaranth for betacyanin; red amaranth>red spinach>swiss chard>red beet>green amaranth for chlorophyll ; red beet>swiss chard>red spinach>red amaranth>green amaranth for total polyphenol. The highest antioxidant activity was found in red amaranth as followed by red beet, red spinach and swiss chard under a 12 hour photoperiod, while green amaranth had the lowest activity at every photoperiodic levels. Strong positive correlations among functional components and antioxidant activity suggest that combined functions of both enhanced the best antioxidant activity under a 12 hour photoperiod. The deeper color (higher redness value and lower yellowness value) with lower lightness value in red-fleshed leafy vegetables and the brighter color (lower redness value and higher yellowness value) with higher lightness value in green amaranth were observed under different photoperiodic levels. Compared to the other studied vegetable species, red amaranth was more sensitive to the variation in betacyanin than in chlorophyll content.
Does electroconvulsive shock therapy work through opioid mechanisms? (1990)

Abstract It is now well‐established that electroconvulsive shock (ECS) is the most effective treatment for severe depression. Over the past two decades a great deal of new information has been obtained regarding its neuropharmacological basis. The present review examines evidence that the behavioural and mood‐elevating actions of ECS are mediated through changes in the function of opioid receptors or their endogenous transmitters. The recent discovery of stable, non‐peptide ligands for the δ K ‐ and δ‐receptor subtypes are detailed, and the prospects for a new phase of research in this area are expounded.
Factors influencing the development of serum precipitins to farmer's lung antigen in Quebec dairy farmers. (1985)

A total of 888 randomly selected dairy farmers participated in an epidemiological study to evaluate the prevalence of precipitins to farmer's lung antigens, and the socioeconomic factors associated with their presence. Precipitins were present in 75 farmers (8.4%) (65 to Micropolyspora faeni, seven to Aspergillus spp, two to both Aspergillus and Micropolyspora faeni, and one to Aspergillus and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris). The titres ranged from a dilution of 1/32 to a concentration of X 2 (Ouchterlony's double diffusion method). In the study population there were 544 who had never smoked, 146 ex-smokers, and 198 smokers. Sixty nine precipitin positive subjects were either never smokers or ex-smokers; only six were smokers. The negative relationship between cigarette smoking and precipitins was highly significant (p = 0.004). Factors positively associated with positive precipitin reactions were: size of farm, time spent in the barn, and the presence of a family member previously diagnosed as having farmer's lung disease. Interestingly, positive precipitin reactions were not associated with any of the following: use of silos, hay conditioners, or hay dryers; the presence or quantity of mouldy hay; or the presence of respiratory symptoms. It is concluded that precipitin analysis is not useful as a screening method for farmer's lung, though it can be of diagnostic value in acute farmer's lung disease.
Peripheral Total and Differential Leukocyte Count in Diabetic Nephropathy (2005)

Because leukocytes are activated and secrete cytokines in the diabetic state and leptin stimulates leukocyte proliferation and differentiation, our results suggest that circulating leukocytes contribute to the development and progression of nephropathy, partially through the effects of leptin, in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Secure Control: Towards Survivable Cyber-Physical Systems (2008)

In this position paper we investigate the security of cyber-physical systems. We (1) identify and define the problem of secure control, (2) investigate the defenses that information security and control theory can provide, and (3) propose a set of challenges that need to be addressed to improve the survivability of cyber-physical systems.
Two-dimensional communication technology inspired by robot skin (2005)

A two-dimensional communication device proposed in a recent paper is a device in which signals travel freely between arbitrary points in flexible two-dimensional space using two-dimensionally-spread electromagnetic field. The new form of communication solves the wiring problems in various situations. It also has advantages over wireless communication. It consumes less energy for signal transmission, it can provide energy for the connected elements, and the communication capacity is larger because multiple 1D signal chains transmit signals simultaneously. In this paper, we demonstrate examples of high-speed signal transmission through flexible 2D layers with proximity interfaces.
Gemini Imidazolium Amphiphiles for the Synthesis, Stabilization, and Drug Delivery from Gold Nanoparticles (2011)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are considered useful vehicles for medical therapy and diagnosis. Despite the progress made in this field, there is need to find direct, reliable, and versatile synthetic procedures for their preparation as well as new multifunctional coating agents. In this sense, we have explored the use of imidazolium amphiphiles to prepare new AuNPs designed for anion recognition and transport. Thus, in this work we describe (a) the synthesis, by a phase transfer method, of new gold nanoparticles using gemini-type surfactants as ligands based on imidazolium salts, those ligands acting as transfer agents into organic media and also as nanoparticle stabilizers, (b) the examination of their stability in solution, (c) the chemical and physical characterization of the nanoparticles, using a variety of techniques, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), (d) toxicity data concerning both the imidazolium ligands and the imidazolium coated nanoparticles, (e) the assessment of their molecular recognition ability toward molecules of biological interest, such as anions and carboxylate containing model drugs, such as ibuprofen, (f) the study of their toxicity and those of their coating ligands, as well as their ability for cell internalization, and (g) the study of their ability for delivering anionic pharmaceuticals. The structurally governed triple role of those new gemini-type surfactants is responsible for the preparation, remarkable stability, and delivery properties of these functional AuNPs.
Central tetrahydrobiopterin concentration in neurodevelopmental disorders (2010)

Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is a naturally occurring cofactor essential for critical metabolic pathways. Studies suggest that BH(4) supplementation may ameliorate autism symptoms; the biological mechanism for such an effect is unknown. To help understand the relation between central BH(4) concentration and systemic metabolism and to develop a biomarker of central BH(4) concentration, the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid BH(4) concentration and serum amino acids was studied. BH(4) concentration was found to be distributed in two groups, a lower and higher BH(4) concentration group. Two serum amino acids, citrulline and methionine, differentiated these groups, and the ratio of serum citrulline-to-methionine was found to correlate with the cerebrospinal fluid BH(4) concentration (r = -0.67, p < 0.05). Both citrulline and methionine are substrates in inflammation and oxidative stress pathways - two pathways that utilize BH(4) and are abnormally activated in autism. These data suggests that central BH(4) concentration may be related to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress pathways.
Role of counterregulatory hormones in the catabolic response to stress. (1984)

Patients with major injury or illness develop protein wasting, hypermetabolism, and hyperglycemia with increased glucose flux. To assess the role of elevated counterregulatory hormones in this response, we simultaneously infused cortisol (6 mg/m2 per h), glucagon (4 ng/kg per min), epinephrine (0.6 microgram/m2 per min), and norepinephrine (0.8 micrograms/m2 per min) for 72 h into five obese subjects receiving only intravenous glucose (150 g/d). Four obese subjects received cortisol alone under identical conditions. Combined infusion maintained plasma hormone elevations typical of severe stress for 3 d. This caused a sustained increase in plasma glucose (60-80%), glucose production (100%), and total glucose flux (40%), despite persistent hyperinsulinemia. In contrast, resting metabolic rate changed little (9% rise, P = NS). Urinary nitrogen excretion promptly doubled and remained increased by approximately 4 g/d, reflecting increased excretion of urea and ammonia. Virtually all plasma amino acids declined. The increment in nitrogen excretion was similar in three additional combined infusion studies performed in 3-d fasted subjects not receiving glucose. Cortisol alone produced a smaller glycemic response (20-25%), an initially smaller insulin response, and a delayed rise in nitrogen excretion. By day 3, however, daily nitrogen excretion was equal to the combined group as was the elevation in plasma insulin. Most plasma amino acids rose rather than fell. In both infusion protocols nitrogen wasting was accompanied by only modest increments in 3-methylhistidine excretion (approximately 20-30%) and no significant change in leucine flux. We conclude: (a) Prolonged elevations of multiple stress hormones cause persistent hyperglycemia, increased glucose turnover, and increased nitrogen loss; (b) The sustained nitrogen loss is no greater than that produced by cortisol alone; (c) Glucagon, epinephrine, and norepinephrine transiently augment cortisol-induced nitrogen loss and persistently accentuate hyperglycemia; (d) Counterregulatory hormones contribute to, but are probably not the sole mediators of the massive nitrogen loss, muscle proteolysis, and hypermetabolism seen in some clinical settings of severe stress.
Bis[bis(oxazolinato)] Complexes of Yttrium and Lanthanum: Molecular Structure and Use in Polymerization of <scp>dl</scp>‐Lactide and <scp>dl</scp>‐β‐Butyrolactone (2006)

Abstract Bis[bis(oxazolinato)]lanthanide complexes of general type [Box] 2 Ln[N(SiHMe 2 ) 2 ] (Ln = Y, La; Box = deprotonated chiral and nonchiral 2,2′‐methylene[bis(oxazoline)] ligands) have been prepared by amine elimination protocols. The complexes have been characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The solid‐state structureof the first bis[bis(oxazolinato)]‐lanthanide complex, i.e.{2,2′‐(α‐methylmethylene)bis(4,4‐dimethyl‐2‐oxazolinato)} 2 Y[N(SiHMe 2 ) 2 ] ( 1 ), is reported. Complex 1 features a five‐coordinate yttrium center in a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry, where the Box ligands adopts a conformation to minimize nonbonded interactions. The prepared complexes are among the most active initiators known in the ring‐opening polymerization of dl ‐lactide and dl ‐β‐butyrolactone, with TOF up to 31200 h –1 at room temperature, and are highly productive (TON up to 2400). The produced poly(lactide)s and poly(hydroxybutyrate)s have narrow polydispersities ( M w / M n = 1.08–1.44) and controlled number‐average molecular masses ( M n up to 182000 g mol –1 ). However, whether chiral or nonchiral Box ligands are used, the polymers show an atactic microstructure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Compartmentalizing VEGF-Induced ERK2/1 Signaling in Placental Artery Endothelial Cell Caveolae: A Paradoxical Role of Caveolin-1 in Placental Angiogenesis in Vitro (2009)

On vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulation, both VEGF R1 and R2 receptors were phosphorylated in ovine fetoplacental artery endothelial (oFPAE) cells. Treatment with VEGF stimulated both time- and dose-dependent activation of ERK2/1 in oFPAE cells. VEGF-induced ERK2/1 activation was mediated by VEGFR2, but not VEGFR1, and was linked to intracellular calcium, protein kinase C, and Raf-1. VEGF stimulated oFPAE cell proliferation, migration, and tube formation in vitro. Blockade of ERK2/1 pathway attenuated VEGF-induced cell proliferation and tube formation but failed to inhibit migration in oFPAE cells. Disruption of caveolae by cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or by down-regulation of its structural protein caveolin-1 blunted VEGF-induced ERK2/1 activation, proliferation, and tube formation in oFPAE cells, indicating an essential role of integral caveolae in these VEGF-induced responses. Adenoviral overexpression of caveolin-1 and addition of a caveolin scaffolding domain peptide also inhibited VEGF-stimulated ERK2/1 activation, cell proliferation, and tube formation in oFPAE cells. Furthermore, molecules comprising the ERK2/1 signaling module, including VEGFR2, protein kinase Calpha, Raf-1, MAPK kinase 1/2, and ERK2/1, resided with caveolin-1 in caveolae. VEGF transiently stimulated ERK2/1 activation in the caveolae similarly as in intact cells. Caveolae disruption greatly diminished ERK2/1 activation by VEGF in oFPAE cell caveolae. We conclude that caveolae function as a platform for compartmentalizing the VEGF-induced ERK2/1 signaling module. Caveolin-1 and caveolae play a paradoxical role in regulating VEGF-induced ERK2/1 activation and in vitro angiogenesis as evidenced by the similar inhibitory effects of down-regulation and overexpression of caveolin-1 and disruption of caveolae in oFPAE cells.
Concise Review: Toward Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Retinal Neurodegenerative Diseases (2011)

Loss of sight due to irreversible retinal neurodegeneration imposes a significant disease burden on both patients and society. Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration are the commonest neurodegenerative blinding diseases in the developed world, and both are becoming increasingly prevalent as populations age. Our heavy reliance on our sense of sight means that visual loss often severely restricts day-to-day life, making it difficult to function without additional support. Visual impairment also limits employment possibilities, adding to the economic burden. Current therapies for many degenerative retinopathies are limited in their efficacy, often treating the effects of disease rather than the underlying causes. Consequently, the development of novel adjunctive neuroprotective and neuroregenerative treatments are important goals. Evidence from animal models suggests that stem cells could be useful as part of novel new treatment strategies for eye disease. The accessibility of the eye and extensive repertoire of available surgical techniques may facilitate the translation of stem cell-based therapies, for example, via transplantation, to the retina more rapidly than to other parts of the central nervous system. This concise review will examine how cell therapies are being applied experimentally for neuroregenerative and neuroprotective treatment of currently incurable degenerative retinal diseases. Furthermore, recent progress toward clinical translation of such therapies will be highlighted.
Liquid Transport Through Fabrics; Wetting and Steady-State Flow (1978)

When a liquid front is forced upward through a fabric at a constant rate, the pressure measured in the liquid generally goes through first a negative and then a positive change during the interval required to wet through the fabric. Such a re sponse is unexpected if, as is customary, the fabric is considered as an array of cylindrical capillaries with axes in the direc tion of flow. With cylindrical capillaries the pressure could change in such a manner only if there were a change in the sur face energy of the capillary walls. In this paper the observed pressure changes are explained on the basis that the interfiber capillary channels are actually hourglass-shaped, so that the inclination of the fiber walls at the contact line, the meniscus shape, and thus the capillary pressure all change as the liquid front passes through. This analysis applies strictly to systems in equilibrium; for a moving liquid front, an increase in liquid flow velocity could be responsible for an increase in the height of the positive pressure peak (a measure of the resistance of the fabric to being wetted through). Experimental results on a group of fabrics support this prediction.
Feeding Young Calves Processed Starch Combined with an Amylolytic Enzyme (1970)

This study evaluated the extent o utilization of processed starch fed to young calves in combination with an amyloglucosidase. In the first experiment, three finely ground sorghum grain preparations ---control, steamed, or expanded (approximately 100% starch gelatinization)--were mixed with water and 6, 12 or 18 ml of Diazyme L 30 (Miles Chemical Co.) and fed by way of nipple pail. Blood glucose levels subsequent to feeding were the response criterion. When control or steamed grain and enzyme were fed, there were only slight changes from initial glucose levels. When expanded grain and any of the three levels of enzyme were fed, blood glucose significantly increased and was higher than initial levels for several hours.
Kinetic analysis of novel mono‐ and multivalent VHH‐fragments and their application for molecular imaging of brain tumours (2010)

Single domain antibodies can be optimized for molecular imaging applications by methods that improve their apparent affinity and prolong plasma half-life and, at the same time, preserve their ability to penetrate tumour parenchyma.
Information Processing and Cardiovascular Control (1981)

ABSTRACT It has previously been reported that an increase in mental task load is accompanied by a decrease in heart rate variability (HRV). In most of the experiments relating mental task load to HRV, the number of signals in paced choice reaction time tasks served as the main loading factor. However, this determinant of task load confounds muscular and mental load. In the present article we scored HRV by computing the power spectrum of the cardiac interval signal. The spectrum contains power related to respiratory activity (usually between 0.20 and 0.40 Hz) and power related to non‐linear processes involved in the control of body temperature and blood pressure (between 0.02 and 0.20 Hz). During performance on cognitive tasks the total power is attenuated, but the spectral power between 0.02 and 0.20 Hz (comprising about 80% of the total spectral energy, i.e. HRV) is particularly affected. Within this latter region we especially investigated the power between 0.06 and 0.14 Hz. The power in this region is believed to originate from processes involved in the dynamic control of mean arterial pressure. In Experiment 1 it was shown that this blood pressure‐related spectral component was rather insensitive to considerable changes in respiratory rate and depth. In Experiments 2 and 3 we kept signal rate constant but varied the cognitive demands of a sentence comprehension task and a working memory task. These experiments indicated that the power of the 0.10 Hz vasomotor oscillations was significantly affected by the processing demands of these tasks. The evidence suggested a decreased baroreflex sensitivity (i.e. a decrease in gain) during mental loading. A method was proposed to non‐invasively determine baroreflex sensitivity.
The magnetic and structural properties of pulsed laser deposited epitaxial MnZn–ferrite films (1994)

The magnetic and structural properties of pulsed laser deposited MnZn–ferrite films have been examined. The results show that the uniaxial anisotropy, ferromagnetic resonance linewidth and coercive force are strongly influenced by the microstructure of the films, and the saturation magnetization and first-order magnetocrystalline anisotropy constant depend on intrinsic properties such as composition and cation site occupation. A comparison of bulk and film magnetic properties shows that the magnetic properties of the films are comparable to the bulk, which makes pulsed laser deposition ferrite films a prime candidate for thin film high-frequency microwave device applications.
FPGA implementation of an OFDM PHY (2004)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based communication is increasingly being used in environments that exhibit severe multipath. While there are ASSP solutions for many common (e.g. 802.11a) and emerging standards, many communication systems, for example a military software radio, demand flexibility. The arithmetic requirements of an OFDM system can be very demanding. Even the ubiquitous 802.11a WLAN system has arithmetic requirements in the billions-of-operations per second region and cannot be satisfied even by high-end DSP microprocessors. This paper reports on the FPGA implementation of an OFDM transceiver. In addition to the FFT based modulator and demodulator, receiver synchronization and channel estimation is discussed. The FPGA resource requirements of the various sub-systems are reported and the design methodology employed for system design, verification and FPGA implementation is described.
Kinetics of epoxy resins formation from bisphenol‐A, bisphenol‐S, and epichlorohydrin (1993)

Abstract The kinetics of formation of epoxy resins derived from bisphenol‐A, bisphenol‐S, and epichlorohydrin under stoichiometric conditions was considered. The kinetics of reaction was studied by taking into account the consumption of the added alkali and epoxide value of epoxide oligomers. The obtained results satisfactorily explained that the reactivity of bisphenol‐A with epichlorohydrin is higher than that of bisphenol‐S, the rate of dehydrochlorination of chlorohydrin ether in the presence of alkali and water is much higher than that of the rate of condensation of phenolic hydroxyl group with epichlorohydrin. The apparent reaction order of phenolic groups with epichlorohydrin and terminal epoxide group in the oligomer are all second order. The rate constants and activation energy were determined. The results are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Adhesive Bonding of Various Materials to Hard Tooth Tissues: XXIII. Isotonic Monomer Formulations (1981)

With regard to adhesion to dentin by chemical mechanisms, the vitality of odontoblasts and contiguous pulpal cells might require that materials influencing the dentinal tubules be maintained within certain limits of osmotic pressure. Resins for use in adhesive formulations can be made isotonic with vital tissues by adjusting the proportions of hydrophilic monomers and the water contents of the formulations.