gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Gaussian noise generator (1989)

Algorithm description, block diagram, and complete C source code for a fast Gaussian noise generator which uses only integer operations and table lookups are presented. The algorithm achieves its speed of computation by using table lookups to eliminate the need for evaluating transcendental functions. The lookup table requires only 32768 bytes of memory-a small size, even for a personal computer. By using a larger lookup table, the quantization step size can be decreased and the range of coverage increased. Implementation on a Motorola 68020 processor, the generator produced a million Gaussian numbers in 12 s, which is ten times faster than a floating-point random number generator executed with a Motorola 68020-68881 combination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Thermophoretic Precipitator for the Representative Collection of Atmospheric Ultrafine Particles for Microscopic Analysis (2007)

In this article, the potential of a thermophoretic sampling device to derive quantitative particle size distributions and number concentrations of aerosols based on microscopic single particle analysis is explored. For that purpose a plate-to-plate thermophoretic precipitator to collect ultrafine atmospheric particles for TEM (transmission electron microscopy) analysis has been calibrated and characterized. The representativeness of the samples has been verified in a series of experiments. Results show that, for particles with diameters of 15 nm to 300 nm, the precipitator's collection efficiency is independent of size, shape, and composition of the particles. Hence, its samples accurately represent the original aerosol. A numerical model of thermophoretic deposition within the device has been developed and tailored to the specifications of the precipitator. The model has been used to derive the particle number density and size distribution of several calibration aerosols using the TEM analysis of the samples taken with the thermophoretic precipitator as input parameters. The results agree very well with the on-line measurements of the calibration aerosols. This work demonstrates that our thermophoretic sampling device can be used to derive quantitative particle size distributions and number concentrations of ultrafine particles based on microscopic single particle analysis.
Evidence for IgE-dependent cytotoxicity by rat eosinophils. (1981)

Human and rodent eosinophils have been shown previously to act as effector cells against Schistosoma mansoni schistosomula by ADCC mechanisms involving IgG antibodies. The present work brings novel evidence for the existence in rat schistosomiasis of an IgE-eosinophil dependent cytotoxicity mechanism. The role of IgE antibodies present in the rat serum after 6 weeks of infection was clearly established by immunoadsorption and inhibition experiments, whereas the participation of IgG and complement in this system could be ruled out. Mast cell products, including ECF-A tetrapeptides, appear to play an essential role in significantly increasing eosinophil cytotoxicity. A kinetic study of the IgG-dependent cytotoxicity mechanism previously described and of this IgE-mediated mechanism according to rat schistosomiasis revealed the preeminent role played by IgG antibodies in early infection, whereas IgE predominated after 6 wk of infection. The possible significance of IgE-eosinophil cooperation in ADCC mechanisms in parasite and nonparasite models is discussed.
High-dynamic-range quantitative phase imaging with spectral domain phase microscopy (2009)

Phase microscopy for high-dynamic-range quantitative phase-contrast imaging of a transparent phase object was demonstrated. Using a common path Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system, this technique is capable of displacement measurement with a sensitivity of 34 pm. The limitation of 2pi ambiguity restriction was overcome by the use of a phase retrieval approach performed in spectral domain. Two-dimensional quantitative phase imaging of human neonatal dermal keratinocyte cells was demonstrated to evaluate the performance of the system for cell imaging.
Mechano- and Electroluminescence of a Dissymmetric Hafnium Carborane Complex (2001)

The first example of a mechanoluminescent organometallic compound, the hafnium carborane complex depicted in the Figure, has been synthesized and investigated for its luminescence properties by the authors. The compound is also electroluminescent, as verified in experiments with the hafnium carborane complex embedded in a hole-transporting polymer.
Process Produces Low-Secondary-Electron-Emission Surfaces (1986)

Textured carbon layer applied to copper by sputtering. Carbon surface characterized by dense, random array of needle-like spires or peaks that extend perpendicularly from local copper surface. Spires approximately 7 micrometers in height and spaced approximately 3 micrometers apart, on average. Copper substrate essentially completely covered by carbon layer, is tenacious and not damaged by vibration loadings representative of multistage depressed collector (MDC) applications. Process developed primarily to provide extremely low-secondary-electron-emission surface for copper for use as highefficiency electrodes in MDC's for microwave amplifier traveling-wave tubes (TWT's). Tubes widely used in space communications, aircraft, and terrestrial applications.
Preparation of Unsintered Spherical BaFe <sub>12</sub> O <sub>19</sub> Nanoparticles via an Alcohol‐Assisted Spray‐Pyrolysis Route (2008)

Unsintered spherical barium ferrite (BaFe 12 O 19 ) nanoparticles were successfully prepared by the alcohol‐assisted spray‐pyrolysis (AASP) method without any postannealing processes. Ethyl alcohol (EtOH) in the precursor solution for BaFe 12 O 19 particles was very effective not only in its capacity to decrease the particle size, but also in enhancing crystallization into barium ferrite hexagonal phase. As the vol% of EtOH increased from 0 to 20, a decrease of particle size from 136 to 111 nm and an increase of crystallinity were clearly observed. The AASP method was optimized by adjusting the chemical concentration in the precursor solution, and finally, unsintered spherical BaFe 12 O 19 particles, with a geometric mean diameter of 72 nm, a geometric SD of 1.4, and an intrinsic coercivity of 4510 Oe, were successfully prepared.
Fully robotic method for the determination of diene value in several types of fuels (1998)

A fully automated method for the determination of the diene value in several types of fuels based on the use of a robotic station involving potentiometric and photometric titrators is reported. The principle of the method is the standard procedure involving hydrolysis of the non-reacted maleic anhydride, extraction of maleic acid from the organic phase and subsequent determination. The assembly works in an unattended fashion thus eliminating the problems inherent to the determination of this routine parameter in the laboratory. The automated method affords a precision, expressed as average of relative standard deviation, of 1.82%. The good agreement between the results obtained by the proposed and those from conventional methods for the target parameter confirms its excellent performance and usefulness.
Structural analysis of a peptide synthetase gene required for ergopeptine production in the endophytic fungus<i>Neotyphodium lolii</i> (2005)

Lysergyl peptide synthetase 1 catalyzes the assembly of toxic ergopeptines from activated D-lysergic acid and three amino acids. The gene encoding this enzyme in the endophytic fungus Neotyphodium lolii was analyzed and compared to a homologous gene from the ergot fungus Claviceps purpurea. Each gene contained two introns, which were found in the same relative position within two modules of the gene. The 5' ends of the two genes were unusually divergent. Signature sequences determining substrate specificity were similar in adenylation domains that recognized identical amino acids but differed within the adenylation domain for the amino acid that varies between the major ergopeptines of the two fungi. Homologues were detected in several related endophytic fungi; the tall fescue endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum contained a divergent, second copy of the gene. Our results provide new information on the structure and distribution of this important peptide synthetase involved in ergot alkaloid biosynthesis.
Inhibition of Megakaryocyte Development in the Bone Marrow Underlies Dengue Virus-Induced Thrombocytopenia in Humanized Mice (2013)

A characteristic clinical feature of dengue virus infection is thrombocytopenia, though its underlying mechanism is not definitively determined. By adoptive transfer of human CD34(+) fetal liver cells into immunodeficient mice, we have constructed humanized mice with significant levels of human platelets, monocytes/macrophages, and hepatocytes. Infection of these mice with both lab-adapted and clinical strains of dengue virus induces characteristic human hematological changes, including transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. We show that the specific depletion of human platelets is not mediated by antibodies in the periphery or reduced production of human thrombopoietin in the liver but reduction of human megakaryocytes and megakaryocyte progenitors in the bone marrow of the infected mice. These findings identify inhibition of platelet production in the bone marrow as a key mechanism underlying dengue-induced thrombocytopenia and suggest the utility of the improved humanized mouse model in studying dengue virus infection and pathogenesis in a human cell context.
Self-verified DNS reverse resolution (2013)

Domain Name System (DNS) reverse resolution is commonly relied on by anti-spam techniques to verify the email origins and by measurements or applications to uncover the host information. But the current practice is not able to clarify the IP addresses with no reverse resolution response and the source verification process is not optimized in terms of network bandwidth and response latency. This paper proposes an explicit scheme to bind A/AAAA resource records (RRs) with their matching PTR RRs by introducing APTR/AAAAPTR RR types. The DNS cache server can automatically switch from forward resolution to reverse resolution when handling the APTR/AAAAPTR RR types. This scheme enables the negative verification if no reverse records are returned for APTR/AAAAPTR records. Furthermore, the analytical and numerical results show that the number of queries and response delay are significantly cut by the proposed scheme.
Synthesis, Molecular Characterization and Preliminary Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Quercetin Fatty Esters (2013)

Abstract Quercetin shows interesting pharmacological effects, but its use in topical applications is limited by its low skin permeability and solubility. In this work, the synthesis of highly lipophilic quercetin esters with oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid useful as topical quercetin prodrugs is reported. Partial OH esterification is advisable to maintain the antioxidant activity of these compounds; tetraesters and triesters can be achieved by modulating the reaction conditions utilized for the total esterification of quercetin. The chemical structures of the esters were proven by spectroscopic techniques; quantum chemical NMR calculation were mandatory to unequivocally assign the free position in triesters. Finally, the antioxidant activity of all the synthesized compounds was determined by the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryl‐hydrazyl method and by 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethyl‐benzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) assay.
Zinc Chelation by a Small-Molecule Adjuvant Potentiates Meropenem Activity in Vivo against NDM-1-Producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (2015)

The widespread emergence of antibiotic drug resistance has resulted in a worldwide healthcare crisis. In particular, the extensive use of β-lactams, a highly effective class of antibiotics, has been a driver for pervasive β-lactam resistance. Among the most important resistance determinants are the metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), which are zinc-requiring enzymes that inactivate nearly all classes of β-lactams, including the last-resort carbapenem antibiotics. The urgent need for new compounds targeting MBL resistance mechanisms has been widely acknowledged; however, the development of certain types of compounds-namely metal chelators-is actively avoided due to host toxicity concerns. The work herein reports the identification of a series of zinc-selective spiro-indoline-thiadiazole analogues that, in vitro, potentiate β-lactam antibiotics against an MBL-carrying pathogen by withholding zinc availability. This study demonstrates the ability of one such analogue to inhibit NDM-1 in vitro and, using a mouse model of infection, shows that combination treatment of the respective analogue with meropenem results in a significant decrease in bacterial burden in contrast to animals that received antibiotic treatment alone. These results support the therapeutic potential of these chelators in overcoming antibiotic resistance.
Chemical and Biological Strategies for Engineering Cell Surface Glycosylation (2001)

Oligosaccharides play a crucial role in many of the recognition, signaling, and adhesion events that take place at the surface of cells. Abnormalities in the synthesis or presentation of these carbohydrates can lead to misfolded and inactive proteins, as well as to several debilitating disease states. However, their diverse structures, which are the key to their function, have hampered studies by biologists and chemists alike. This review presents an overview of techniques for examining and manipulating cell surface oligosaccharides through genetic, enzymatic, and chemical strategies.
Mining Key-Hackers on Darkweb Forums (2018)

Recently, there is an interest in studying cyber crime from a hacker-centric perspective, whose insight is to locate key-hackers and use them to find credible threat intelligence. However, the great majority of users present in hacking environments seem to be unskilled or have fleeting interests, making the identification of key-hackers a complex problem. Moreover, as ground truth information is rare in this context, there is a lack of a method to validate the results. Thus, previous work neglected this validation step or had it done manually - by hiring qualified security specialists. In this work, we address the key-hacker identification problem including a systematic method based on reputation to validate the results. Particularly, we study how three different approaches - content, social network and seniority-based analysis - perform individually and combined to identify key-hackers on darkweb forums, aiming to confirm the following two hypotheses: 1) a hybridization of these approaches tends to produce better results when compared to the individual ones; 2) a model conceived to identify key-hackers in one forum can be generalized to other forums that lack a user reputation system or have a deficient one. We conduct our experiments using a carefully selected set of features, showing how an optimization metaheuristic obtains better performance when compared to machine learning algorithms that attempt to identify key-hackers.
A Simple Method for Obtaining the System Function of a Cascade Connection of Transmission Lines (Correspondence) (1970)

A method is presented for finding, by inspection, the system function (i.e., the Laplace transform of the impulse response) of a cascade connection of equal-length TEM-mode transmission lines.
Structure activity studies related to 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-1-substituted-ethyl]acetamides: a novel series of potent and selective .kappa.-opioid agonists (1991)

This paper describes the synthesis of a series of N-[2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamides 1, variously substituted at the carbon adjacent to the amide nitrogen (C1), and related analogues, together with their biological evaluation as opioid kappa agonists. In the first part of the study, the variants in N-acyl, N-alkyl, and amino functions were explored when the substituent at C1 was 1-methylethyl and the optimum was found to be exemplified by 2-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(1S)-1-(1-methylethyl)-2- (1-pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamide (13). Subsequently, racemic or chiral amino acids were used to introduce other alkyl and aryl substituents at C1 of the ethyl linking moiety. A series of potent compounds, bearing substituted-aryl groups at C1, were discovered, typified by 2-(3,4-dichloro-phenyl)-N-methyl-N-[(1R,S)-1-(3-aminophenyl)-2-(1- pyrrolidinyl)ethyl]acetamide (48), which was 5-fold more active as the racemate than 13 in vitro and exhibited potent naloxone-reversible analgesic effects (ED50 = 0.04 mg/kg sc) in a mouse abdominal constriction model.
Metallorganic Chemical Vapor Deposited TiN Barrier Enhancement with SiH[sub 4] Treatment (2002)

Copper diffusion barrier performance of titanium nitride films was enhanced by formation of a ternary Ti-Si-N layer. The TiSiN films are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a metallorganic precursor (MOCVD-TiN) by thermal decomposition of tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT). The deposition is followed by plasma treatment with a gas mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen in order to reduce the resistivity of the films. Finally, the films are in situ exposed to silane. This leads to the formation of a Si-N bond layer in the TiSiN film. The process delivers a film with conformal step coverage and low resistivity with improved barrier performance for advanced Cu metallization. The barrier performance as a function of the plasma treatment and/or the exposure is explained by the microstructural, compositional, and chemical changes in the films. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Use of selective precharge for low-power on the match lines of content-addressable memories (2002)

In a CMOS content-addressable memory (CAM), a large amount of energy is generally expended charging and discharging most of the match lines on most cycles. In this paper we explore the use of selective precharge to significantly reduce this problem. The comparator/memory array is partitioned such that a small subset does a portion of each comparison calculation first, and each comparator in the main part of the array is only activated if still needed afterwards. It is shown that such an approach does not necessarily increase the cycle time, but it does affect the timing within a cycle. Estimates are given for the optimal partitioning and the resulting energy savings.
Electrical characteristics of ZrOxNy prepared by NH3 annealing of ZrO2 (2001)

The electrical characteristics of ZrOxNy prepared by NH3 annealing of ZrO2 were investigated for use in metal–oxide–semiconductor gate dielectric applications. Compared with conventional ZrO2, ZrOxNy exhibits excellent electrical characteristics such as high accumulation capacitance, low leakage current density, and superior thermal stability. Based on high resolution transmission electron microscope analysis of both ZrO2 and ZrOxNy samples which had been annealed at 800 °C for 5 min, the ZrO2 exhibited a polycrystalline state but the ZrOxNy was amorphous in structure. In addition, the thickness of ZrOxNy was thinner than that of ZrO2. The improvement in electrical characteristics can be explained by the better thermal stability and lower rate of oxidation of ZrOxNy.
Focused ion beam micromachining for transmission electron microscopy specimen preparation of semiconductor laser diodes (1992)

A new method based on focused ion beam micromachining of optoelectronic semiconductor microdevices for cross-sectional transmission electron microscope analyses has been developed. Electron transparent areas in excess of 200 μm2 have been fabricated. These enabled an investigation of the origins of structural defects in a prespecified submicron-sized region of GaInP/AlGaInP-based semiconductor laser diodes.
Magnetic resonance imaging gradient coil design by combining optimization techniques with the finite element method (1998)

In this paper, the optimization techniques of complex method, steepest descent, and conjugate gradient are investigated in terms of their convergence behaviors. The conjugate gradient method is then combined with finite element analysis techniques to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) G/sub z/ gradient coil design strategy which maximizes the field linearity within a specified region of interest. It is found that conjugate gradient optimization in conjunction with the finite element method is a powerful and flexible coil design approach with the potential to incorporate complex coil geometries, inhomogeneous media, and transient current excitation.
Normal gait characteristics under temporal and distance constraints (1989)

Walking patterns of 53 males and 39 females, all in good health, were studied at slow, free, and fast speeds using a walkway system developed by the author. Three males and three females, also in good health, were then studied under constrained walking conditions such as rhythm constraint, speed coupled with constraint, walking up or down a slope, line stepping constraint, stepping onto a marked square, and starting/stopping of walking. In the first set of experiments, the following results were obtained. When increasing speed, the male had a tendency to increase step length and the female had a tendency to increase cadence. The relationships between the speed and the statistics of gait parameters, i.e. the coefficient of variation and the symmetry were examined. The data in this experiment were also applied to Grieve's gait equations which formulated the relationships between step frequency and speed, or between swing time and cycle time. In the second set of experiments the following results were obtained. Although rhythm constraint (induced by a metronome) resulted in no difference of gait between males and females, a difference did appear in the case of speed coupled with constraint. When walking up and down a slope, the ascent case showed a longer step length and a lower cadence compared with the descent. The idea of functional asymmetry, a supporting function of the left leg and a moving function of the right leg, is well accepted. However, in this study of the effect of line stepping constraints predominant right-left functional differences were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Vib-Touch: Virtual Active Touch interface for handheld devices (2009)

Haptic interaction with handheld devices is limited by space and size constraints that inhibit free hand exploration. We developed a compact haptic interface called Vib-Touch, which is operated by fingertip via a pointing-stick input device containing a tactile feedback. A cursor on the screen could perform virtual exploration as a substitute for the finger movement. We call this technology virtual active touch. We also propose a tactile stimulation method to represent not only tactile sensations, but the whole touch experience, including kinesthetic senses and a sense of shapes perceived by a fingertip. This study reports on the first prototype of the vib-touch interface for handheld devices. We confirmed that the prototype could provide friction sensation and geometric shape information using the proposed friction display method.