gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of major heat shock protein hsp70 inhibits tumor necrosis factor-induced activation of phospholipase A2. (1993)

We have recently shown that major heat shock protein (hsp70) protects WEHI-S tumor cells from the cytotoxicity mediated by TNF. In the present study, the mechanism of hsp70-associated TNF resistance was investigated. Overexpression of human hsp70 or inhibition of endogenous hsp70 synthesis by expression of antisense hsp70 RNA did not change the ability of WEHI-S tumor cells to bind TNF or internalize and degrade the receptor-bound TNF. Moreover, TNF-induced activation of NF-kappa B-like transcription factors was unaffected by altered levels of hsp70 as tested by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. Thus, it is unlikely that the resistance is due to changes in TNF receptors or in their ability to transduce signals leading to the regulation of genes, whose expression is regulated by NF-kappa B-like transcription factors. The idea that hsp70-associated TNF resistance is independent of regulation of TNF-induced gene expression was further supported by the results showing that hsp70 protected WEHI-S cells from TNF-mediated killing also in the presence of inhibitors of either translation or transcription. Interestingly, TNF-induced activation of arachidonic acid metabolism correlated directly with their sensitivity to TNF and inversely with the amount of hsp70 in the cells. Furthermore, TNF-induced activation of arachidonic acid metabolism was inhibited in WEHI-S cells and two TNF-sensitive human cell lines by induction of the synthesis of endogenous heat shock proteins by heat shock. Even stronger inhibition of arachidonic acid metabolism was seen in WEHI cells rendered TNF-resistant by culturing them in the presence of increasing concentrations of TNF. These cells also had reduced numbers of type 1 TNF receptors. Overexpression of a low molecular weight heat shock protein hsp27 in WEHI-S cells had no effect on any of the parameters studied. These results show that both hsp70-mediated and TNF-induced TNF resistance are associated with a reduced activation of phospholipase A2 suggesting that phospholipase A2 plays an essential role in TNF-mediated cytotoxicity and that hsp70 interferes with the signal transduction pathway leading to its activation.
Browsing the WWW by interacting with a textual virtual environment---a framework for experimenting with navigational metaphors (1996)

This paper describes a system that combines a textual virtual environment (MOO --MUD Object Oriented) and a WWW browser.The MOO provides a text-only but information-rich spatial user interface in which objects and locations can be associated with pointers to WWW pages.When using a specialized MOO client, navigation in the MOO causes the corresponding Web pages to be loaded.The overall effect is the possibility to navigate the Web using spatial navigational metaphors.Textual virtual environments support the creation of diverse navigation tools and metaphors.The Juggler system we describe can thus serve as an experimental tool to explore diverse navigational metaphors for the WWW.The system uses references to Web pages which can be arranged in any possible way and allows users to overlay a new secondary structure on existing Web structures, even using Web pages not on one's own Web server.Textual virtual environments further support almost real time communication and interaction between several users.Because of the extensive interaction possibilities, the Juggler system can be used to discuss material on the Web, conduct guided tours through the Web or give presentations using material available on the Web.
Active Internalization of the <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> Antifungal Protein PAF in Sensitive Aspergilli (2003)

The Penicillium chrysogenum antifungal protein PAF inhibits the growth of various filamentous fungi. In this study, PAF was found to localize to the cytoplasm of sensitive aspergilli by indirect immunofluorescence staining. The internalization process required active metabolism and ATP and was prevented by latrunculin B, suggesting an endocytotic mechanism.
Continuous Catalytic Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐ Acetyllactosamine (1993)

Simply and economically in large quantities the title complex 1 can be prepared from lactose as galactosyl donor and N-acetylglucosamine as acceptor. β-Galactosidase from Bacillus circulans functions as biocatalyst in this transgalactosylation.
<title>Tissue oxygenation monitor using NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy</title> (1999)

A new clinical tissue oxygenation monitor, the NIRO-300, has been developed. In addition to monitoring changes in hemoglobin concentration and redox state of cytochrome oxidase, the instrument can measure a Tissue Oxygenation Index (TOI), which is the ratio of oxygenated to total tissue hemoglobin, by utilizing NIR spatially resolved spectroscopy (SRS). In SRS, the slope of light attenuation versus distance is measured at a distant point from the light input, from which the TOI is calculated using photon diffusion theory. Four laser diodes are used as the light source and Class 1 laser light (IEC 825) is irradiated onto the skin. A high gain and low noise amplifier is used in the detector, which enables a large emitter-detector separations of around 5cm. To evaluate the TOI measured by the NIRO-300, it was compared to the data from a blood gas analyzer (S02 value) in measurements made on phantoms containing intralipid and blood. We also made simultaneous measurements by the NIRO-300 and an NIRS machine based on time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) on human arms. In the both measurements, TOI showed an excellent correlation with the data from blood gas analyzer and the TRS machine, which suggests the efficacy of the TOI data also in clinical use.
Inflammasomes in Common Immune-Related Skin Diseases (2020)

The inflammasome is an important protein complex that cleaves the proinflammatory cytokines pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their active forms. Owing to its critical role in eliciting innate immune responses, IL-1β has been suggested to contribute to various skin diseases, including psoriasis, vitiligo, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and atopic dermatitis (AD). Recently, several types of activators and inhibitors of different inflammasomes, as well as inflammasome-related genes and genetic susceptibility loci, have been identified in these immune-related common skin diseases. In particular, inflammasome activators and inhibitors presented highly cell-type-specific activity, suggesting that the inflammasome might perform different functions in different cell types. Moreover, most of these findings were based on experimental disease models, and the clinical features of the models partly resemble the typical symptoms of the diseases. In this review, from the perspective of activators and inhibitors, we collected evidence from the widely-studied inflammasomes, NLRP3, AIM2, and NLRP1, in psoriasis, vitiligo, SLE, and AD. Importantly, some small-molecule inhibitors hold therapeutic promise for the treatment of these diseases.
Evaluation of Potential Factors Predicting Attainment of Full Gavage Feedings in Preterm Infants (2010)

GRV is unreliable in predicting attainment of full gavage feeding. Lactase activity is related to feeding volume. However, other noninvasive GI tests utilized were not predictive. These data cast doubt upon the utility of GRV in guiding feeding therapy. Randomized trials of different GRV management protocols are needed.
Morphological Changes in Dendritic Spines Associated with Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity (2001)

Dendritic spines are morphological specializations that receive synaptic inputs and compartmentalize calcium. In spite of a long history of research, the specific function of spines is still not well understood. Here we review the current status of the relation between morphological changes in spines and synaptic plasticity. Since Cajal and Tanzi proposed that changes in the structure of the brain might occur as a consequence of experience, the search for the morphological correlates of learning has constituted one of the central questions in neuroscience. Although there are scores of studies that encompass this wide field in many species, in this review we focus on experimental work that has analyzed the morphological consequences of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) in rodents. Over the past two decades many studies have demonstrated changes in the morphology of spines after LTP, such as enlargements of the spine head and shortenings of the spine neck. Biophysically, these changes translate into an increase in the synaptic current injected at the spine, as well as shortening of the time constant for calcium compartmentalization. In addition, recent online studies using time-lapse imaging have reported increased spinogenesis. The currently available data show a strong correlation between synaptic plasticity and morphological changes in spines, although at the same time, there is no evidence that these morphological changes are necessary or sufficient for the induction or maintenance of LTP. Still, they highlight once more how form and function go hand in hand in the central nervous system.
Linking and Layout: Exploring the Integration of Text and Visualization in Storytelling (2019)

Abstract Modern web technologies are enabling authors to create various forms of text visualization integration for storytelling. This integration may shape the stories' flow and thereby affect the reading experience. In this paper, we seek to understand two text visualization integration forms: (i) different text and visualization spatial arrangements (layout), namely, vertical and slideshow; and (ii) interactive linking of text and visualization (linking). Here, linking refers to a bidirectional interaction mode that explicitly highlights the explanatory visualization element when selecting narrative text and vice versa. Through a crowdsourced study with 180 participants, we measured the effect of layout and linking on the degree to which users engage with the story (user engagement), their understanding of the story content (comprehension), and their ability to recall the story information (recall). We found that participants performed significantly better in comprehension tasks with the slideshow layout. Participant recall was better with the slideshow layout under conditions with linking versus no linking. We also found that linking significantly increased user engagement. Additionally, linking and the slideshow layout were preferred by the participants. We also explored user reading behaviors with different conditions.
DNA-Controlled Excitonic Switches (2012)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a promising means of enabling information processing in nanoscale devices, but dynamic control over exciton pathways is required. Here, we demonstrate the operation of two complementary switches consisting of diffusive FRET transmission lines in which exciton flow is controlled by DNA. Repeatable switching is accomplished by the removal or addition of fluorophores through toehold-mediated strand invasion. In principle, these switches can be networked to implement any Boolean function.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Coal Gasification in a Pressurized Spout-Fluid Bed (2008)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling, which has recently proven to be an effective means of analysis and optimization of energy-conversion processes, has been extended to coal gasification in this paper. A 3D mathematical model has been developed to simulate the coal gasification process in a pressurized spout-fluid bed. This CFD model is composed of gas−solid hydrodynamics, coal pyrolysis, char gasification, and gas phase reaction submodels. The rates of heterogeneous reactions are determined by combining Arrhenius rate and diffusion rate. The homogeneous reactions of gas phase can be treated as secondary reactions. A comparison of the calculated and experimental data shows that most gasification performance parameters can be predicted accurately. This good agreement indicates that CFD modeling can be used for complex fluidized beds coal gasification processes.
Introduction Tutorial on Resolution (1976)

Automated theorem proving involves the programming of computers to perform logical (mathematical) deduction. This should not be confused with numerical calculation, in which operations that need to be performed can be exactly specified ahead of time as, for example, in Gaussian elimination. Rather, theorem provers search for proofs of statements given axioms describing the basic assumptions such as would occur in a modern algebra text on group theory. There are many theorem-proving programs that are based on ad hoc data representations and manipulations;many such techniques are derived by the programmer analyzing how he himself proves theorems. However, the most widely studied and best understood general method is based on the resolution principle for first-order logic of Robinson [9]. Indeed, all the papers in this issue have resolution as a starting point.
Influence of Right Ventricular Filling Pressure on Left Ventricular Pressure and Dimension (1974)

The effects of alterations in the diastolic filling pressure of the right ventricle on left ventricular (LV) geometry and filling pressure were studied in six isolated, supported canine hearts. This experimental preparation permitted graded increments in right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic pressure while LV cardiac output, heart rate, and mean aortic pressure were held constant. Endocardial radiopaque markers were placed in the ventricular septum, the anterior wall, the posterior wall, and the free wall in a plane perpendicular to the aortoapical axis. LV end-diastolic dimensions were recorded by x-ray cinematography at 60 frames/sec. The effects of varied RV end-diastolic pressure (0-16 mm Hg) on LV end-diastolic pressure and dimensions were studied at several LV cardiac outputs (780-2880 ml/min) and at several initial LV end-diastolic pressures (1-18 mm Hg). Increments of 5 mm Hg in RV end-diastolic pressure increased LV end-diastolic pressure 2.3 mm Hg. The septum-to-free wall distance decreased by 4.5% from the control distance, but the anterior-to-posterior dimension increased by 4.4%.Thus, LV end-diastolic pressure and LV end-diastolic dimensions were significantly related to RV end-diastolic pressure; LV end-diastolic geometry was increasingly distorted at elevated RV end-diastolic pressure. These data suggest that the high RV filling pressures that characterize certain diseases can secondarily alter LV filling pressures and geometry.
Photochemical Transformations. XI. Isomerization of 1,3-Cyclooctadiene<sup>1,2</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical Transformations. XI. Isomerization of 1,3-Cyclooctadiene1,2William G. Dauben and Robert L. CargillCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 5, 1910Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01052a522https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01052a522research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views159Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interferon-Induced 2'-5' Oligoadenylate Synthetase During Interferon-  Therapy in Homosexual Men with Kaposi's Sarcoma: Marked Deficiency in Biochemical Response to Interferon in Patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1985)

Titers of circulating interferon (IFN) and the activity of 2'-5' oligoadenylate (2-5A) synthetase, an enzyme specifically induced by IFN, were measured in 28 homosexual men with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who received one- to six-month courses of antineoplastic therapy with IFN-alpha and in homosexual and heterosexual controls. Fifteen of the patients and two of seven healthy homosexual men had high endogenous levels of 2-5A synthetase. IFN therapy induced further increases in this enzyme in only 10 of the 28 patients with AIDS. Furthermore, peripheral blood cells from all but one of the patients with AIDS and homosexual controls tested were markedly deficient in their ability to respond to IFN in vitro, as measured by increased levels of 2-5A synthetase. We did not find a statistical correlation between cytomegalovirus viremia and pretherapy endogenous circulating IFN, nor any apparent correlation between disseminated infection with cytomegalovirus and either basal levels of 2-5A synthetase or changes in enzyme level during therapy. Pretherapy circulating IFN was significantly correlated with progressive Kaposi's sarcoma during therapy, but rises in levels of 2-5A synthetase were not sufficient to predict a good clinical response.
An integrated photonic Mach-Zehnder interferometer with no electrodes for sensing electric fields (1994)

A new configuration for a Mach-Zehnder interferometric electric field sensor device utilizing the electrooptic effect is reported. The lithium niobate device uses no metallic electrodes and operates solely by immersion in an electric field. Reverse poling of one arm of the interferometer provides opposing optical phase changes in the two interferometer arms when placed in an electric field. One fabricated device exhibits a measured minimum detectable field of 0.22 V/m/spl radic/Hz and a frequency response of greater than 1 GHz. Theoretical calculations show that detection of 0.11 V/m/spl radic/Hz is attainable while the upper frequency limit can exceed 6 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle-embedded graphene hydrogel films (2017)

In this study, we fabricate bendable solid-state supercapacitors with Au nanoparticle (NP)-embedded graphene hydrogel (GH) electrodes and investigate the influence of the Au NP embedment on the internal resistance and capacitive performance. Embedding the Au NPs into the GH electrodes results in a decrease of the internal resistance from 35 to 21 Ω, and a threefold reduction of the IR drop at a current density of 5 A/g when compared with GH electrodes without Au NPs. The Au NP-embedded GH supercapacitors (NP-GH SCs) exhibit excellent capacitive performances, with large specific capacitance (135 F/g) and high energy density (15.2 W·h/kg). Moreover, the NP-GH SCs exhibit comparable areal capacitance (168 mF/cm<sup>2</sup>) and operate under tensile/compressive bending.
Mapping of intra string copy parameters for HEVC screen content coding (2014)

In intra string copy (ISC) technique for screen content coding, since the two string matching parameters, string position offset (pos) and string length (len), exhibit some unusual characteristic, directly applying the existing HEVC binarization to the one-dimentional (1-D) string matching parameters results in poor entropy coding performance. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a bijective mapping scheme for the 1-D string matching parameters in ISC. Firstly, a string matching parameter mapping enhanced ISC coding system architecture including encoder and decoder is given. Secondly, some findings of the unusual characteristic of the offset and length from the histogram statistical analysis are presented. Based on the findings, finally, bijective mappings for 1-D string matching parameters and HEVC-compliant binarizations for the post-mapping string matching parameters are proposed. When compared to ISC based on SCM1.0 encoder, experiments show that for screen content of text and graphics with motion, the mapping can improve coding performance by 3–6% with almost negligible coding complexity increase.
Direct resin composites for 2002 and beyond. (2002)

Photocured resin composites have come a long way since they were introduced in the early 1970s. Advances have been made in many areas and many general dentists are placing these types of restorations routinely. On the horizon are tooth-colored materials that may not shrink and may be able to withstand destructive occlusal forces. Currently, though, prudent case selection with very judicious use of posterior composites in molars and avoiding occlusal stops on the restorations or margins is highly recommended.
1000 A cm<sup>− 1</sup>in a 2 µm thick YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7 −<i>x</i></sub>film with BaZrO<sub>3</sub>and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>additions (2010)

We report here on significant improvements to the in-field and self-field critical current densities (Jc) of multilayer and single-layer YBa2Cu3O7 − x (YBCO) thick films with BaZrO3 (BZO) and Y2O3 additions. In the former case, the composite film consisted of a five-layer architecture with three YBCO layers and two Y2O3 interlayers in a total thickness of 1.8 µm. The multilayer film produced a Jc (75.6 K, self-field) of 4.3 MA cm − 2 (775 A cm − 1) and a minimum Jc (75.6 K, 1 T) of 1.0 MA cm − 2 (175 A cm − 1) over all field orientations in the maximum Lorentz force configuration. We achieved in a single-layer 2.0 µm thick film a Jc (75.6 K, self-field) of 5.2 MA cm − 2 (1010 A/cm-w) and a minimum Jc (75.6 K, 1 T) of 1.2 MA cm − 2 (234 A/cm-w) in the same measurement configuration. For both kinds of films, scanning transmission electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy imaging were used to identify a uniformly dispersed second-phase microstructure consisting of short, tilted BZO nanorods and tilted Y2O3 nanoparticle layers. We attribute the enhanced performance of the thick YBCO films to the uniformity of the microstructure and the interaction of two different second-phase materials during film growth.
Convergence debugging (2005)

This paper proposes a new practical automatic debugging method, called Convergence Debugging, which isolates a set of test cases that converge on the internal root cause of a failure. This method involves evaluating the debugging effectiveness of a set of test case by utilizing a new measure of code-level distance between a set of debug test cases and the test case that caused the failure. The same distance measure could also be used to select a set of debug test cases that maximize debugging effectiveness. In order to gain insights into the root cause of a failure, the debug test cases could be used to analyze the differences between the failed test case of interest and the debug test cases.An industrial-strength tool, called Diversity Analyzer, for programs written in C, C++, C#, Java and VB in the Microsoft .NET environment, is used to experiment with the effectiveness of Convergence Debugging in locating faults in industrial software.