gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Controlled-Release Fluvoxamine in Patients With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2003)

Over 12 weeks, fluvoxamine CR treatment was associated with a statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction in OCD severity and was found to be safe and well tolerated. The early onset of therapeutic effect, starting from week 2, was of particular interest.
Robot feedback control based on stereo vision: towards calibration-free hand-eye coordination (2002)

This article describes the theory and implementation of a system that positions a robot manipulator using visual information from two cameras. The system simultaneously tracks the robot end-effector and visual features used to define goal positions. An error signal based on the visual distance between the end-effector and the target as defined and a control law that moves the robot to drive this error to zero is derived. The control law has been integrated into a system that performs tracking and stereo control on a single processor with no special purpose hardware at real-time rates. Experiments with the system have shown that the controller is so robust to calibration error that the cameras can be moved several centimeters and rotated several degrees while the system is running with no adverse effects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance analysis of a solar desiccant air conditioning system. (2015)

A desiccant air conditioning system driven by solar energy is proposed, and the absorption performance of two kinds of sorbent material, mesoporous silica and polymeric sorbent, which can be regenerated at relatively low temperatures were experimentally studied. Based on the experimental results of both the absorption capacity and absorption speed of each absorbent, a mathematical model was constructed considering effects of geometry parameter, operation condition and the absorption property of each sorbent. A cycle simulation model was set up to predict the operating performance of the proposed desiccant system and conventional vapor compression system including the power consumption, in-tube evaporation and condensation temperature, cooling load. A solar collector is introduced into this system to reduce the regenerative energy consumption and the system is able to be operated normally even the solar radiation is weak. The energy efficiency of the proposed hybrid cycle by using different absorbents was evaluated.
Regiochemistry of the cycloaddition of a substituted trimethylenemethanepalladium complex (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiochemistry of the cycloaddition of a substituted trimethylenemethanepalladium complexBarry M. Trost and Dominic M. T. ChanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 19, 5972–5974Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00409a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00409a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Unsteady flow between two disks with heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field (1992)

The motion of an electrically conducting fluid film squeezed between two parallel disks with heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field applied perpendicular to the disks is studied. Attention is given to the case where a similarity solution can be obtained. Approximate analytic solutions are given and a numerical solution to the resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations for a wide range of values of the three independent parameters which influence the motion is presented. Special attention is given to the effects of squeezing and magnetic forces on heat transfer. The results establish that while squeezing has considerable effects on heat transfer, the effects of magnetic forces are negligible.
Multiway Spectral Clustering with Out-of-Sample Extensions through Weighted Kernel PCA (2008)

A new formulation for multiway spectral clustering is proposed. This method corresponds to a weighted kernel principal component analysis (PCA) approach based on primal-dual least-squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) formulations. The formulation allows the extension to out-of-sample points. In this way, the proposed clustering model can be trained, validated, and tested. The clustering information is contained on the eigendecomposition of a modified similarity matrix derived from the data. This eigenvalue problem corresponds to the dual solution of a primal optimization problem formulated in a high-dimensional feature space. A model selection criterion called the Balanced Line Fit (BLF) is also proposed. This criterion is based on the out-of-sample extension and exploits the structure of the eigenvectors and the corresponding projections when the clusters are well formed. The BLF criterion can be used to obtain clustering parameters in a learning framework. Experimental results with difficult toy problems and image segmentation show improved performance in terms of generalization to new samples and computation times.
On the Flow of a Non-Newtonian Liquid on a Rotating Disk (1960)

The equations describing the flow of a power-law non-Newtonian fluid on a rotating disk have been solved in general form. This makes it possible to calculate how the shape of an initial surface contour will vary with time and to investigate the possibility of producing uniform films by applying the materials to a rapidly spinning disk. It is shown that the latter process, which has potential industrial applications, has a much better chance of succeeding if the fluid is Newtonian than if it is not, in the sense that whereas for a Newtonian substance centrifugation will smooth out irregularities in the surface contour, for a non-Newtonian fluid even an initially uniform film thickness will be deformed by rotating the plate.
The crystal structures of three new vanadium oxide minerals (1958)

To obtain comparative data on the variation in gamma-ray intensity accompanying possible variation in the diameter of small-diameter diamond-drill holes, six drill holes in the Jo Dandy area, Montrose County, Colo., were caliper logged using a well-bore caliper recently developed by the U. S. Bureau of Mines. The caliper logs show that within radioactive ore zones the variation in drill- hole diameter is insufficient to cause significant variation in the gamma-ray logging measurement, that with increasing particle size in the orebearing sandstone the drill-hole diameter tends to increase slightly, and that with increase in hole diameter the core recovery tends to decresse slightly. (auth)
Capacitor Balance Issues of the Diode-Clamped Multilevel Inverter Operated in a Quasi Two-State Mode (2008)

A new operational mode for diode-clamped multilevel inverters termed quasi two-level operation is proposed. Such operation aims to avoid the imbalance problem of the dc-link capacitors for multilevel inverters with more than three levels and reduces the dc-link capacitance without introducing any significant voltage ripple at the dc-link nodes. The proposed operation can be generalized for any number of levels. The validity of the proposed multilevel inverter operational mode is confirmed by simulations and experiments on a prototype five-level diode-clamped inverter.
Processing of fullerene-single wall carbon nanotube complex for bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells (2007)

A fullerene-single wall carbon nanotube (C60-SWCNT) complex is used as a component of the photoactive layer in bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells. This complex synthesized by microwave-assisted reaction takes advantage of the electron accepting feature of C60 and the high electron transport capability of SWCNTs. In this paper, quantum efficiency enhancement by increasing light absorption and by bringing about appropriate morphological rearrangements via solvent vapor treatment and thermal annealing is presented. The optimum combination of these steps led to an increase in efficiency by as much as 87.5%.
Kinetics of Reductive N−O Bond Fragmentation:  The Role of a Conical Intersection (2002)

N-alkoxyheterocycles can act as powerful one-electron acceptors in photochemical electron-transfer reactions. One-electron reduction of these species results in formation of a radical that undergoes N-O bond fragmentation to form an alkoxy radical and a neutral heterocycle. The kinetics of this N-O bond fragmentation reaction have been determined for a series of radicals with varying substituents and extents of delocalization. Rate constants varying over 7 orders of magnitude are obtained. A reaction potential energy surface is described that involves avoidance of a conical intersection. A molecular basis for the variation of the reaction rate constant with radical structure is given in terms of the relationship between the energies of the important molecular orbitals and the reaction potential energy surface. Ab initio and density functional electronic structure calculations provide support for the proposed reaction energy surface.
The Antigen ASB4 on Cancer Stem Cells Serves as a Target for CTL Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer (2018)

Colorectal cancer consists of a small number of cancer stem cells (CSC) and many non-CSCs. Although rare in number, CSCs are a target for cancer therapy, because they survive conventional chemo- and radiotherapies and perpetuate tumor formation <i>in vivo</i> In this study, we conducted an HLA ligandome analysis to survey HLA-A24 peptides displayed by CSCs and non-CSCs of colorectal cancer. The analysis identified an antigen, ASB4, which was processed and presented by a CSC subset but not by non-CSCs. The <i>ASB4</i> gene was expressed in CSCs of colorectal cancer, but not in cells that had differentiated into non-CSCs. Because <i>ASB4</i> was not expressed by normal tissues, its peptide epitope elicited CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T-cell (CTL) responses, which lysed CSCs of colorectal cancer and left non-CSCs intact. Therefore, ASB4 is a tumor-associated antigen that can elicit CTL responses specific to CSCs and can discriminate between two cellular subsets of colorectal cancer. Adoptively transferred CTLs specific for the CSC antigen ASB4 could infiltrate implanted colorectal cancer cell tumors and effectively prevented tumor growth in a mouse model. As the cancer cells implanted in these mice contained very few CSCs, the elimination of a CSC subset could be the condition necessary and sufficient to control tumor formation <i>in vivo</i> These results suggest that CTL-based immunotherapies against colorectal CSCs might be useful for preventing relapses. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 358-69. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Synaptotoxic Amyloid-β Oligomers: A Molecular Basis for the Cause, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease? (2012)

The oligomer hypothesis for Alzheimer's disease (AD)was introduced in 1998. It was based on evidence that oligomers could exist free of amyloid fibrils, that fibril-free oligomer solutions rapidly inhibited long term potentiation, and that oligomers ultimately caused a highly selective nerve cell death. Fibrils no longer were the only toxins made by amyloid-β (Aβ), and likely not the most important ones. Oligomers provided a new basis for instigating AD. Since introduction of the hypothesis, more than 1,500 articles on oligomers have been published. Articles for this review were selected for contributions to oligomer theory at three different levels. The first set demonstrated new aspects of oligomer pathobiology in cell models, showing that exposure of neurons to oligomers is sufficient to cause key features of AD neuropathology. The second set confirmed the relationship between oligomers and salient AD neuropathology in animal models, consistent with other in vivo studies that overall have substantiated cell-based discoveries. The third set developed strategies for therapeutic targeting of oligomers, introducing both small molecule and antibody-based approaches. These and related findings from many groups have helped establish oligomers as central to the mechanism of AD pathogenesis. Comprising a ligand-based attack on specific synapses, the action of toxic oligomers gives a molecular basis to account for key features of AD neuropathology and to explain why early disease targets memory. Although there still is no effective treatment for AD, insights over the past five years raise hopes that new approaches targeting Aβ oligomers could finally bring disease-modifying therapeutics.
Research on the variable structure control for the aircraft anti-slid braking systems (2008)

By analyzing the principle of slip ratio control and the mathematical model of aircraft anti-skid braking system, a braking sliding mode variable structure control (SMVSC) law based on optimal slip ratio control was introduced. The computer simulation is made for an aircraft anti-skid braking system on dry, wet, ice and mixed runway, comparing with the results of fuzzy PIED control. The simulation results show that the SMVSC controller is more robust and improves the efficiency of the braking system, which is capable of meeting the requirements of safety, so is worthy of priority application in the aircraft anti-skid braking system control.
Robust adaptive beamforming for general-rank signal models (2003)

The performance of adaptive beamforming methods is known to degrade severely in the presence of even small mismatches between the actual and presumed array responses to the desired signal. Such mismatches may frequently occur in practical situations because of violation of underlying assumptions on the environment, sources, or sensor array. This is especially true when the desired signal components are present in the beamformer "training" data snapshots because in this case, the adaptive array performance is very sensitive to array and model imperfections. The similar phenomenon of performance degradation can occur even when the array response to the desired signal is known exactly, but the training sample size is small. We propose a new powerful approach to robust adaptive beamforming in the presence of unknown arbitrary-type mismatches of the desired signal array response. Our approach is developed for the most general case of an arbitrary dimension of the desired signal subspace and is applicable to both the rank-one (point source) and higher rank (scattered source/fluctuating wavefront) desired signal models. The proposed robust adaptive beamformers are based on explicit modeling of uncertainties in the desired signal array response and data covariance matrix as well as worst-case performance optimization. Simple closed-form solutions to the considered robust adaptive beamforming problems are derived. Our new beamformers have a computational complexity comparable with that of the traditional adaptive beamforming algorithms, while, at the same time, offer a significantly improved robustness and faster convergence rates.
Purinergic Modulation and CD39/ENTPD1 in Cancer (2014)

Multiple, pleiotropic functional traits are acquired by transformed cells during progression to the neoplastic state. These include genomic instability with several defined mutations that are associated with uncontrolled proliferation, resistance to cell death with induction of immortality, altered cellular metabolism, loss/inactivation of tumor suppressor responses, evasion of immune surveillance, induction of angiogenesis with vascular perturbation, and activation of cell invasiveness resulting in metastasis. A better understanding of any overlapping pathogenetic mechanisms underpinning several of these properties would facilitate development of novel and more effective modalities to treat cancer. Dissecting out the molecular basis for these unique properties of malignancy has already resulted in the discovery and development of novel anticancer drugs. Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides have been recently identified as crucial signal mediators in the tumor microenvironment and are known to specifically interact with purinergic receptors. These cellular activation processes provoke different intracellular signaling transduction pathways, termed as “purinergic signaling”. Ectonucleotidases, especially those of CD39/ENTPD family, regulate pericellular levels of proinflammatory adenosine 5&#039;-triphosphate (ATP) to ultimately generate antagonistic antiinflammatory nucleosides such as adenosine thereby tightly modulating purinergic signaling. Such regulated cascades of purinergic signaling have been shown to participate in many of the above fundamental pathophysiological processes in the context of inflammation and immune responses within the tumor microenvironment. In this chapter, we review several purinergic mechanisms involved in cancer. We specifically highlight the discovery and development and the potential uses of drugs targeting ectonucleotidases that would be applicable to cancer therapy. We further discuss recent advances using purinergic modulation in cancer therapy and consider several of the therapeutic obstacles that would need to be overcome.
Theory of Dual-Wavelength Spectrophotometry for Turbid Samples (1965)

Dual-wavelength spectrophotometry of turbid samples requires detection of the difference between changes in transmittance occurring at two different wavelengths as, for example, when a chemical or physical change in the sample takes place. Equations are derived to show that, if a linear detection scheme is used, interpretation of the experimental data is difficult unless the changes in transmittance are small. If a ratio detection scheme is used, however, the interpretation of large changes in transmittance becomes easier. Ratio detection is also useful for measuring small absorbance changes in the presence of relatively large background-scattering change.
Facilitated Transport of Carbon Dioxide Through Functional Membranes Prepared by Plasma Graft Polymerization Using Amines as Carrier (1996)

New types of cation-exchange membranes were prepared by grafting acrylic acid and methacrylic acid to the substrates such as microporous polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene, and homogeneous poly[1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] by the use of the plasma graft polymerization technique. Various monoprotonated amines were immobilized by the electrostatic force in the ion exchange membranes as the carriers of CO2 and the facilitated transport of CO2 through the grafted membranes was studied. When the CO2 partial pressure in the feed phase was 0.047 atm, the selectivity for CO2 over N2 reached more than 4700 with a CO2 permeation rate of 1.0x10-4cm3/(cm2 s cmHg). These efficiencies are much higher than those of conventional polymer membranes and are also superior to efficiencies reported perviously for ion-exchange membranes containing carriers. These excellent results are probably attributable to the high ion-exchange capacity and the high water content of these ion-exchange membranes. The newly prepared membranes were stable. Membranes having tertiary amine groups as a fixed carrier were also prepared by plasma grafting of 2-(N,Ndimethyl) aminoethyl methacrylate. It was suggested that the dry membrane acts as a fixed carrier membrane for CO2 facilitated transport in the dry condition and as a fixed reaction site membrane under the water-containing condition. The carrier transport mechanism is discussed for both the dry and wet membranes.
Engineered Chimeric Enzymes as Tools for Drug Discovery:  Generating Reliable Bacterial Screens for the Detection, Discovery, and Assessment of Estrogen Receptor Modulators (2007)

Engineered protein-based sensors of ligand binding have emerged as attractive tools for the discovery of therapeutic compounds through simple screening systems. We have previously shown that engineered chimeric enzymes, which combine the ligand-binding domains of nuclear hormone receptors with a highly sensitive thymidylate synthase reporter, yield simple sensors that report the presence of hormone-like compounds through changes in bacterial growth. This work describes an optimized estrogen sensor in Escherichia coli with extraordinary reliability in identifying diverse estrogenic compounds and in differentiating between their agonistic/antagonistic pharmacological effects. The ability of this system to assist the discovery of new estrogen-mimicking compounds was validated by screening a small compound library, which led to the identification of two structurally novel estrogen receptor modulators and the accurate prediction of their agonistic/antagonistic biocharacter in human cells. Strong evidence is presented here that the ability of our sensor to detect ligand binding and recognize pharmacologically critical properties arises from allosteric communication between the artificially combined protein domains, where different ligand-induced conformational changes in the receptor are transmitted to the catalytic domain and translated to distinct levels of enzymic efficiency. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first examples of an engineered enzyme with the ability to sense multiple receptor conformations and to be either activated or inactivated depending on the nature of the bound effector molecule. Because the proposed mechanism of ligand dependence is not specific to nuclear hormone receptors, we anticipate that our protein engineering strategy will be applicable to the construction of simple sensors for different classes of (therapeutic) binding proteins.
RETHINKING DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) DESIGN FOR INDUSTRIAL PRETREATMENT (2000)

RETHINKING DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION (DAF) DESIGN FOR INDUSTRIAL PRETREATMENTDissolved air flotation (DAF) has been used with increasing frequency in recent decades for the treatment of industrial wastewater. Advances in the technology have expanded the range of applications for DAF; however, engineers and designers frequently use outdated and insufficient design data to design and specify DAF systems for industrial pretreatment. Discussions of advances in DAF design are...Author(s)Charles C. RossBrandon M. SmithG.E. ValentineSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 1: Enhancing Physical-Chemical Treatment TechnologiesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2000ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20000101)2000:5L.43;1-DOI10.2175/193864700785155795Volume / Issue2000 / 5Content sourceIndustrial Wastes (IW) ConferenceFirst / last page(s)43 - 56Copyright2000Word count113
In-vivo assessment of a novel polymer (SIBS) trileaflet heart valve. (2010)

The SIBS valve failed in animal testing because of material failure and calcification. The physical properties of SIBS must be improved in order to provide the structural integrity required for long-term in-vivo use in the form of a heart valve.