gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell‐surface heparan sulfate and heparan‐sulfate/chondroitin‐sulfate hybrid proteoglycans of mouse mammary epithelial cells (1989)

The hydrophobic cell-surface proteoglycans of mouse mammary epithelial cells were purified by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, and liposome incorporation. The size of the proteoglycans appeared to be directly proportional to the size of their heparan-sulfate chains, larger proteoglycans yielding larger chains. The chondroitin sulfate chains, in contrast, showed no size heterogeneity. Digestion of 125I-labeled proteoglycans with heparitin-sulfate lyase and chondroitin ABC lyase yielded core proteins of approximately 93 kDa, approximately 85 kDa and approximately 38 kDa. Comparison with single enzyme digestions identified the 93-kDa and 85-kDa cores as components of hybrid proteoglycans that carried both heparan-sulfate and chondroitin-sulfate chains. Immunoblotting indicated that the 93-kDa and 85-kDa cores shared the epitope defined by monoclonal antibody 281-2. The 38-kDa core, in contrast, carried only heparan-sulfate chains and lacked the 281-2 epitope. Preparations enriched in heparan sulfate or in heparan-sulfate/chondroitin-sulfate hybrid proteoglycans were obtained by N-desulfation and ion-exchange chromatography. Hybrid proteoglycans accounting for the bulk of the chondroitin-sulfate and nearly half of the heparan-sulfate residues of the proteoglycans showed a similar polydispersity of heparan-sulfate chain sizes as found in proteoglycans that carried only, or predominantly, heparan-sulfate chains. These hybrids contained heparan-sulfate and chondroitin-sulfate chains in similar molar amounts. Analysis of 125I-labeled proteoglycans suggested that typical hybrid proteoglycans were composed of a 85-kDa core protein that carries a single chondroitin-sulfate chain and a single heparan-sulfate chain of variable length. A minority of hybrids seemed characterized by the variant, but possibly structurally related, 93-kDa core protein. The other half of the hydrophobic proteoglycans were composed of the 38-kDa core and carried only heparan-sulfate chains. The significance of the co-existence of hybrid and heparan-sulfate proteoglycans at the cell surface and possible relationships between the proteoglycans need to be further clarified.
A review of a multifactorial probability-based model for classification of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants of uncertain significance (VUS) (2011)

Clinical mutation screening of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes for the presence of germline inactivating mutations is used to identify individuals at elevated risk of breast and ovarian cancer. Variants identified during screening are usually classified as pathogenic (increased risk of cancer) or not pathogenic (no increased risk of cancer). However, a significant proportion of genetic tests yields variants of uncertain significance (VUS) that have undefined risk of cancer. Individuals carrying these VUS cannot benefit from individualized cancer risk assessment. Recently, a quantitative "posterior probability model" for assessing the clinical relevance of VUS in BRCA1 or BRCA2, which integrates multiple forms of genetic evidence has been developed. Here, we provide a detailed review of this model. We describe the components of the model and explain how these can be combined to calculate a posterior probability of pathogenicity for each VUS. We explain how the model can be applied to public data and provide tables that list the VUS that have been classified as not pathogenic or pathogenic using this method. While we use BRCA1 and BRCA2 VUS as examples, the method can be used as a framework for classification of the pathogenicity of VUS in other cancer genes.
Effect of vitamin E deprivation and exercise training on induction of HSP70 (1996)

To investigate the effect of dietary vitamin E deprivation and chronic exercise on the relative content of selected isoforms of the heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) family in rat hindlimb muscle, vitamin E was withheld for 16 wk from female rats that underwent treadmill run training during the final 8 wk. As indicated by increased (P < 0.05) content of the stress-inducible isoform (HSP72), training did stress the exercising muscles. However, vitamin E deficiency did not alter HSP72 content in nontrained rats and was associated with a lesser induction (P < 0.01) in some muscles of trained animals. The constitutive isoform, which exhibited similar levels in muscles of varying fiber types, was demonstrated to be largely refractory to exercise, with an equivocal response to vitamin E deprivation. HSP72 content was correlated to type I myosin heavy chain (MHC-I) content but only in muscles of sedentary normal-diet rats. After training, HSP72 content in a muscle essentially devoid of MHC-I (superficial vastus lateralis) reached levels comparable to those in a muscle high in MHC-I (soleus).
Demystifying Youth Unemployment (2013)

Youth unemployment has become an ever increasing serious socio-economic problem, which deserves far more attention that it has so far received. In this article, we examine the causes of this issue. They include 1) countries losing the ability to compete effectively and therefore cannot create high-quality jobs, 2) inflexible labour markets that prevent young people from being hired, 3) many young labourers prefer not to work (hard), and 4) mismatch of skills and employers' needs. We urge governments to take decisive and fast actions to combat this problem before it turns itself into a major crisis.
Activation of Ras and formation of GAP complex during TPA-induced monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells (1994)

In this study, it was shown that the proportion of guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound active Ras increased in TPA (12-o-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate)-induced monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells. The increase of active Ras was observed at 24 hours after TPA stimulation and attained to threefold (15%) over the proportion in nontreated HL-60 cells. Herbimycin A, an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, prevented the activation of Ras, as well as the induction of monocytic differentiation. In parallel with the activation of Ras, the proteins with molecular weights of 52, 56, 62, and 190 kD were tyrosine-phosphorylated and formed a complex with GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Ras. In addition to the 116-kD GAP (type I GAP), the 100-kD GAP (type II GAP) molecule was markedly induced at 24 hours after TPA stimulation of HL-60 cells. These phenomena sustained for a further 24 hours during monocytic differentiation. However, they were not observed during retinoic acid-induced granulocytic differentiation of the cells. The HL-60 transfectants, which expressed a dominant inhibitory Ha-ras Asn17, showed a low level of tyrosine-phosphorylated GAP-associated proteins and did not undergo full differentiation in response to TPA. Taken together, these data indicate that the activation of Ras and GAP complex formation mutually correlate and function downstream of protein-tyrosine kinases in the signaling pathway for monocytic differentiation of HL-60 cells.
Endoluminal US: experiments with nonvascular uses in animals. (1990)

Catheters containing miniature ultrasound (US) transducers, originally developed for intravascular evaluation of plaque, were used in a series of in vivo and in vitro animal experiments to image a variety of nonvascular lumina. Measurements of the wall thickness and echotexture of the urethra, urinary bladder, ureter, renal pelvis, bile ducts, small bowel, fallopian tubes, and uterus were carried out. Close correlation between the US images and actual anatomic specimens was obtained. Structures outside of the lumen were identified and confirmed with both direct visualization and radiographic localization. Two small stones artificially inserted into the renal pelvis and a polyp-like projection artificially created within the fallopian tube were clearly identified by using the US probe. These initial US studies demonstrate the potential feasibility of these miniature transducers contained within catheters for intraluminal analysis in humans.
New Nanostructured TiO<sub>2</sub> for Direct Electrochemistry and Glucose Sensor Applications (2008)

Abstract A new, slack, and uniformly porous TiO 2 material is synthesized by a simple, carbon nanotube (CNT) template‐assisted hydrothermal method and is further explored for protein immobilization and biosensing. Results demonstrate that the material has a large specific surface area and a unique nanostructure with a uniform pore‐size distribution. Glucose oxidase (GOD) immobilized on the material exhibits facile, direct electrochemistry and good electrocatalytic performance without any electron mediator. The fabricated glucose oxidase sensor shows good stability and high sensitivity, which indicates that the slack porous TiO 2 is an attractive material for use in the fabrication of biosensors, particularly enzymatic sensors, because of its direct electrochemistry, high specific surface area, and unique nanostructure for efficient immobilization of biomolecules.
Highly sensitive magneto-optic transverse Kerr effect measurement system for the detection of perpendicular anisotropy and magnetic phases in thin films (1996)

Transverse biased initial susceptibility (TBIS) measurements were made using a magneto-optical Kerr effect system on samples that exhibited an in-plane and a perpendicular anisotropy. A change in the slope of both the inverse transverse susceptibility and the hysteresis loop is observed at a certain value of the applied in-plane field Hs. At values of the applied field higher than Hs the magnetization lies in the plane of the film; at values lower than Hs an out-of-plane component appears. By performing TBIS measurements we can also detect different micromagnetic phases magnetically uncoupled with different values of the anisotropy field. The occurrence of a downwards curvature in the inverse susceptibility when the dc field is applied along the hard axis together with the multiple minima when the dc field is applied along the easy axis can be explained by the existence of weakly coupled micromagnetic phases.
Calibration of DAC Mismatch Errors in $\Sigma\Delta$ ADCs Based on a Sine-Wave Measurement (2013)

We present an offline calibration procedure to correct the nonlinearity due element mismatch in the digital-to-analog converter (DAC) of a multibit ΣΔ-modulation A/D converter. The calibration uses a single measurement on a sinusoidal input signal, from which the DAC errors can be estimated. The main quality of the calibration method is that it can be implemented completely in the digital domain (or in software) and does not intervene in any way in the analog modulator circuit. This way, the technique is a powerful tool for verifying and debugging designs. Due to the simplicity of the method, it may be also a viable approach for factory calibration.
Experimental Investigation on Geomechanical Properties of Tropical Organic Soils and Peat (2009)

Problem statement: Organic soils and peat were believed to be geotechnically problematic due to their very high compressibility, very low shear strength and difficult accessibility. Although conventional soil mechanics theory could be applied to the soils, it was found that important anomalies existed which required special considerations. Correlations between geomechanical parameters for the soils were known to be important for geotechnical engineers to be able to obtain suitable design parameters, as well as to find suitable construction techniques on these soft materials. Approach: To evaluate the geomechanical characteristics of the soils, field and laboratory investigations were carried out according to the organic contents. To achieve such purpose, the soils samples having different organic contents from several locations in Malaysia were collected to determine the correlations of various geomechanical properties of the soils. The classifying tests were determined based on the test procedures according to the British Standard Institution. The compressibility behavior of the soils was determined by Rowe cell consolidation test. Results: The test results indicated that the natural water contents, organic contents, liquid limits, specific gravities and bulk densities ranged from 150-700%, 50-95%, 180-500%, 1.05-1.9 and 0.8-1.2 Mgm -3 , respectively. The compression indexes of the soils were higher than Hobbs and Skempton's approximations. Conclusion/Recommendations: The soils properties were highly dependent on the organic contents. With an increase in organic content, the natural water content, liquid limit, compression index and void ratio increased and the specific gravity and bulk density decreased. Furthermore, the hemic and sapric peat had lower shear strength than the fibrous peat. The first-of-its-kind study was the first step on the road to persuade researchers to improve these problematic soils.
Recent Advances in Ion Mobility Spectrometry for Explosives Vapor Detection (1985)

Abstract The detection of explosives with ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) using reactant ion (background) subtraction techniques and chloride ion/molecule reaction chemistry is discussed. Data are presented for dinitrotoluene (DNT), trinitrotoluene (TNT), RDX (cyclonite), Composition B, and dynamite. Using a membrane inlet system, a man-portable IMS detector system is described which can be used as a point sampler with these techniques.
National HPCC Software Exchange (NHSE) (1998)

The National HPCC Software Exchange (NHSE) is a Web-based resource for promoting software sharing and reuse within and between the High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) community including the HPCC agencies. The NHSE also facilitates the development of discipline-oriented, software repositories while promoting contributions to, and use of, such repositories by the HPCC. As part of the sharing process, the NHSE provides information about software and software-related artifacts, which include algorithms, specifications, designs, and software documentation. This paper describes the methods being utilized to achieve such promotion and sharing of software. The NHSE's goal is to decrease the development time of high performance applications while simultaneously reducing software duplication as well as time spent locating relevant software information.
2.8 A pulse-position-modulation phase-noise-reduction technique for a 2-to-16GHz injection-locked ring oscillator in 20nm CMOS (2014)

High-speed transceivers embedded inside FPGAs require software-programmable clocking circuits to cover a wide range of data rates across different channels [1]. These transceivers use high-frequency PLLs with LC oscillators to satisfy stringent jitter requirements at increasing data rates. However, the large area of these oscillators limits the number of independent LC-based clocking sources and reduces the flexibility offered by the FPGA. A ring-based PLL occupies smaller area but produces higher jitter. With injection-locking (IL) techniques [2-3], ring-based oscillators achieve comparable performance with their LC counterparts [4-5] at frequencies below 10GHz. Moreover, addition of a PLL to an injection-locked VCO (IL-PLL) provides injection-timing calibration and frequency tracking against PVT [3,5]. Nevertheless, applying injection-locking techniques to high-speed ring oscillators in deep submicron CMOS processes, with high flicker-noise corner frequencies at tens of MHz, poses a design challenge for low-jitter operation. Shown in Fig. 2.8.1, injection locking can be modeled as a single-pole feedback system that achieves 20dB/dec of in-band noise shaping against intrinsic VCO phase noise over a wide bandwidth [6]. As a consequence, this technique suppresses the 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> noise of the VCO but not its 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> noise. Note that the conventional IL-PLL is capable of shaping the VCO in-band noise at 40dB/dec [6]; however, its noise shaping is limited by the narrow PLL bandwidth due to significant attenuation of the loop gain by injection locking. To achieve wideband 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -order noise shaping in 20nm ring oscillators, we present a circuit technique that applies pulse-position-modulated (PPM) injection through feedback control.
Improved Chen-Smith image coder (1995)

new transform coder based on the zonal sampling strategy, which outperforms the JPEG baseline coder with comparable computational complexity, is presented. The primary transform used is the 8- x 8-pixel-block discrete cosine transform, although it can be replaced by other transforms, such as the lapped orthogonal transform, without any change in the algorithm. This coder is originally based on the Chen-Smith coder, therefore, we call it an improved Chen-Smith (ICS) coder. However, because many new features were incorporated in this improved version, it largely outperforms its predecessor. Key approaches in the ICS coder, such as a new quantizer design, arithmetic coders, noninteger bit-rate allocation, decimated variance maps, distance-based block classification, and human visual sensitivity weighting, are essential for its high performance. Image compression programs were developed and applied to several test images. The results show that the ICS performs substantially better than the JPEG coder.
Keep Your Nice Friends Close, but Your Rich Friends Closer -- Computation Offloading Using NFC (2016)

The increasing complexity of smartphone applications and services necessitate high battery consumption but the growth of smartphones' battery capacity is not keeping pace with these increasing power demands. To overcome this problem, researchers gave birth to the Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC) research area. In this paper we advance on previous ideas, by proposing and implementing the first known Near Field Communication (NFC)-based computation offloading framework. This research is motivated by the advantages of NFC's short distance communication, with its better security, and its low battery consumption. We design a new NFC communication protocol that overcomes the limitations of the default protocol; removing the need for constant user interaction, the one-way communication restraint, and the limit on low data size transfer. We present experimental results of the energy consumption and the time duration of two computationally intensive representative applications: (i) RSA key generation and encryption, and (ii) gaming/puzzles. We show that when the helper device is more powerful than the device offloading the computations, the execution time of the tasks is reduced. Finally, we show that devices that offload application parts considerably reduce their energy consumption due to the low-power NFC interface and the benefits of offloading.
CSL (Part I): Modelling General N-ary, Logical CSPs (1997)

This paper examines and details the motivations and design of a constraint speciJication language (or CSL) for user-defined constraints. Many approaches to constraint programming are based on as well as extended from the logic programming paradigm. Some of the better known constraint logic programming languages and systems are CLP [9][5], PROLOG III [I] and CHIP [2]. In these languages, unijication in conventional logic programming is replaced by constraint satisfaction. Numerical constraints are usually being focused on. The technique of constraint satisfaction is therefore hidden from the user. The motivation for developing CSL is not in adding to the myriad of available constraint programming languages, neither is CSL a complete stand-alone package for solving CSPs (though it has a mode that allows it to do so). Its main purpose, is simpler. CSL serves to enhance the constraint satisfaction aspect of these languages by providing an expressive algebra for describing current definitions of general CSPs as well as extended versions. The descriptions spectjied in the CSL syntax, are eficiently compiled into data structures that are transparently accessed by algorithms normally associated with only binary CSPs.
Data‐Driven Estimation of Cloth Simulation Models (2012)

Abstract Progress in cloth simulation for computer animation and apparel design has led to a multitude of deformation models, each with its own way of relating geometry, deformation, and forces. As simulators improve, differences between these models become more important, but it is difficult to choose a model and a set of parameters to match a given real material simply by looking at simulation results. This paper provides measurement and fitting methods that allow nonlinear models to be fit to the observed deformation of a particular cloth sample. Unlike standard textile testing, our system measures complex 3D deformations of a sheet of cloth, not just one‐dimensional force‐displacement curves, so it works under a wider range of deformation conditions. The fitted models are then evaluated by comparison to measured deformations with motions very different from those used for fitting.
Incorporating OASIS into the Visiting Nurses Association. (1998)

Beginning in 1994, the Visiting Nurses Association, Western Pennsylvania, began to investigate incorporating an outcome measurement system within its organization for the purposes of marketing quality results, benchmarking achievements, and defining quality of care for both internal and external review groups. In the fall of 1995, this agency was accepted into the Outcome Based Quality Improvement (OBQI) Demonstration Project, also known as the Medicare Quality Assurance Project, which the Health Care Financing Administration has funded for the purpose of measuring clinical and utilization outcomes in the home care arena. This article reviews the processes the agency used to develop and incorporate the entire OBQI process into its systems, including the incorporation of the Outcome Assessment Information Set (OASIS). The OASIS is a set of outcome measurement questions developed by Dr. Peter Shaughnessy at the Center for Health Policy Research in Denver. The process also includes training of staff and development of forms, point-of-care software with a vendor, and plans of action for improving outcomes that have been quantified through OBQI efforts.
Commande numérique des ensembles convertisseurs-machines (1995)

Cet article est un expose de synthese des travaux du Groupement de recherche CNRS «Dispositifs et systemes electrotechniques» sur le theme «Commande numerique des actionneurs electriques». Il expose les performances obtenues grâce a la numerisation des commandes, eloignees et rapprochees, ainsi que les difficultes rencontrees et pour la plupart surmontees. Il a ete redige a partir des travaux des chercheurs qui ont participe a l'activite du Groupement de recherche cite plus haut
Novel decade electronically tunable microwave oscillator based on the distrubuted amplifier (1992)

The Letter suggests that a microwave distributed amplifier can be used as a decade-wide electronically tunable oscillator by using the output from the idle drain load as the feedback output and differentially varying the bias of the amplifier MESFETs, taken in pairs. CAD techniques predict that this approach should produce a decade tuning range with seven MESFETs in a nine stage configuration.