gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histone methylation is a critical regulator of the abnormal expression of POU5F1 and RASSF1A in testis cancer cell lines (2010)

DNA and histone methylation are epigenetic modifications functioning in transcriptional control and have been implicated in the deregulation of gene expression in cancer. As a first step to determine if histone methylation could be involved in testis cancer pathogenesis, we performed immunofluorescent localization of histone H3 methylation at lysine 4 (H3-K4; gene activating) and lysine 9 (H3-K9; gene silencing) in healthy testis tissue and in samples of non-seminoma germ-cell tumours. In healthy testis, the distribution of histone H3 methylation was dependent on the developmental stage of spermatogenic cells and in non-seminoma, histone H3-K4 and K9 methylation was detected in all histological subtypes. This suggested that histone H3-K4 and K9 methylation could be associated with abnormal gene expression in non-seminoma. To determine the gene-specific function of histone H3 methylation, we proceeded to define the epigenetic status of key genes implicated in the pathogenesis of non-seminoma, namely the proto-oncogene POU5F1, which is overexpressed in testis cancer, and the tumour suppressor RASSF1A, which is aberrantly silenced. Cell lines representative of non-seminoma were treated with the chromatin-modifying drug, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC). Chromatin immunoprecipitation and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that treatment with 5-aza-dC restored RASSF1A expression through a loss of gene silencing H3-K9 methylation and by retention of gene activating H3-K4 tri-methylation in the promoter region. In contrast, the expression of POU5F1 was reduced by 5-aza-dC and was associated with a loss of gene activating H3-K4 di-methylation in the promoter region. Analysis of DNA methylation revealed a slight reduction in DNA hypermethylation at the RASSF1A promoter, whereas the POU5F1 promoter remained mostly unmethylated and unaffected. Our results indicate that the effects of 5-aza-dC on histone methylation profiles are gene-specific and that aberrant histone modifications may serve as a principal means of misregulation of RASSF1A and POU5F1 expression in testis cancer.
Carbon nanotube computer (2014)

Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistors (CNFETs) are excellent candidates for building highly energy-efficient future electronic systems. Unfortunately, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are subject to substantial inherent imperfections that pose major obstacles to the design of robust and very large-scale CNFET digital systems:
Changes of heart rate and heart rate variability on radar operators in different shifts (2011)

Objective To investigate the circadian changes of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) on radar operators in day and night shifts. Methods Twenty-one military radar operators were selected as subject. Their HR was gotten from continually electrocardiogram recorded by a biomedical monitoring system in four different working shifts (morning, afternoon, early night and late night) and HRV was analyzed. In addition, each shift was divided into four phases and the average HR of different phases in same shift was compared. Results There was significant difference of average HR among four shifts (F=7. 287, P＜0.01). The average HR in late night was significantly lower than that in other three shifts. Comparing with morning and afternoon shifts, high frequency normalized unit (HFNU) in late night shift was significantly increased (P＜0.05). Low frequency normalized unit (LFNU) in late night shift was significantly decreased comparing with those in morning and afternoon shifts (P＜0. 05). The average HR in different phase of a shift showed significant differences among morning, afternoon and early night shifts (F= 5. 480, 3. 150, 3. 850,P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01), and gradually decreased with working time. However, there was no significant difference of average HR in different working phase of late night shift. Conclusions Circadian change would significantly influence the HR and some HRV indices of military radar operators.

Key words: 
Biorhythms;  Heart rate;  Electrocardiography, ambulatory;  Radar troops
A vector projection approach to predicting HIV protease cleavage sites in proteins (1993)

A vector projection method is proposed to predict the cleavability of oligopeptides by extended-specificity site proteases. For an enzyme with eight specificity subsites the substrate octapeptide can be uniquely expressed as a vector in an 8-dimensional space, whose eight bases correspond to the amino acids at the eight subsites, P4, P3, P2, P1, P1', P2', P3', and P4', respectively. The component of such a characteristic vector on each of the eight bases is defined as the frequency of an amino acid occurring at a given site. These frequencies were derived from a set of octapeptides known to be cleaved by HIV protease. The cleavability of an octapeptide can then be estimated from the projection of its characteristic vector on an idealized, optimally cleavable vector. The high ratio of correct prediction vs. total prediction for the data in both the training and the testing sets indicates that the new method is self-consistent and efficient. It provides a rapid and accurate algorithm for analyzing the specificity of any multi-subsite enzyme for which there is no coupling between subsites. In particular, it is useful for predicting the cleavability of an oligopeptide by either HIV-1 or HIV-2 protease, and hence offers a supplementary means for finding effective inhibitors of HIV protease as potential drugs against AIDS.
Efficient Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes based on Double Organic Cations (2017)

We report a FA and MA mixed hybrid perovskite quantum dot light emitting diodes using a simple synthesis method at room temperature. The green light-emitting diodes used FAxMA1−xPbBr3 quantum dots as emitting layer, which exhibited maximum luminence of 6000 cd/A, current efficiency of 6 cd/A and external quantum efficiency of 3.5%, which is more efficient than the pure FAPbBr3 PeLED. This provides an alternative route toward high efficient solution-processed perovskite-based light-emitting diodes.
The Elmore Delay as a Bound for RC Trees with Generalized Input Signals (1995)

The Elmore delay is an extremely popular delay metric, particularly for RC tree analysis. The widespread usage of this metric is mainly attributable to it being the most accurate delay measure that is a simple analytical function of the circuit parameters. The only drawbacks to this delay metric are the uncertainty as to whether it is an optimistic or a pessimistic estimate, and the restriction to step response delay estimation. In this paper, we prove that the Elmore delay is an absolute upper bound on the 50% delay of an RC tree response. Moreover, we prove that this bound holds for input signals other than steps, and that the actual delay asymptotically approaches the Elmore delay as the input signal rise time increases. A lower bound on the delay is also developed using the Elmore delay and the second moment of the impulse response. The utility of this bound is for understanding the accuracy and the limitations of the Elmore delay metric as we use it for design automation.
Finding program slices for recursive procedures (2003)

The development of program slicers with respect to programs containing recursive procedures, is investigated. A theoretical foundation is constructed for the computation process. A general recursive scheme is introduced as a basis of discussion. A complete slice is defined for recursive procedures to identify clearly what can be obtained through static analysis. The 'everywhere undefined function' Omega introduced by the authors provides the required starting condition for the computation process, and a fixed-point equation supplies a terminating condition such that the computation will have a definite end point. The poset theory is used to verify the entire process. The implementation of the proposed technique is discussed. >
Fast Bitstream Switching Algorithms for Real-Time Adaptive Video Multicasting (2006)

Bitstream switching among multiple bitstreams encoded at different bit rates is an effective way to address the bandwidth variation issue in transmitting multimedia over the Internet or wireless networks. This paper proposes two new fast real-time bitstream switching algorithms that aim to minimize the drifting error, while avoiding the problems of long delay, high complexity and bit-rate overhead for storage and transmission that often occur in prior solutions. The basic idea is to choose a switching point in a neighborhood with the highest encoding quality, within a switching window determined by the switching delay constraint. We show that they can significantly outperform a simple switching algorithm, and achieve performance that is closer to an offline mean-square-error-optimized bitstream switching solution, when compared to our previous work based on the similarity of the reference frames. The proposed schemes are especially useful in the scenario of real-time multicasting over dynamic heterogeneous networks, where multiple bitstreams with different bit rates are generated on the fly and dynamic bitstream switching is required for individual clients
E-cadherin regulates cell growth by modulating proliferation-dependent <b>β</b> -catenin transcriptional activity (2001)

β-Catenin is essential for E-cadherin–mediated cell adhesion in epithelial cells, but it also forms nuclear complexes with high mobility group transcription factors. Using a mouse mammary epithelial cell system, we have shown previously that conversion of epithelial cells to a fibroblastoid phenotype (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) involves downregulation of E-cadherin and upregulation of β-catenin transcriptional activity. Here, we demonstrate that transient expression of exogenous E-cadherin in both epithelial and fibroblastoid cells arrested cell growth or caused apoptosis, depending on the cellular E-cadherin levels. By expressing E-cadherin subdomains, we show that the growth-suppressive effect of E-cadherin required the presence of its cytoplasmic β-catenin interaction domain and/or correlated strictly with the ability to negatively interfere with β-catenin transcriptional activity. Furthermore, coexpression of β-catenin or lymphoid enhancer binding factor-1 or T cell factor 3 with E-cadherin rescued β-catenin transcriptional activity and counteracted E-cadherin–mediated cell cycle arrest. Stable expression of E-cadherin in fibroblastoid cells decreased β-catenin activity and reduced cell growth. Since proliferating cells had a higher β-catenin activity than G1 phase–arrested or contact-inhibited cells, we conclude that β-catenin transcriptional activity is essential for cell proliferation and can be controlled by E-cadherin in a cell adhesion-independent manner.
Modification of Butter Oil by Extraction with Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1986)

Modification of butter oil was attempted in order to lower the cholesterol level and to improve the spreadability using extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Although SC-CO2 extraction successfully fractionated the triglycerides according to their carbon numbers, cholesterol could not be removed from the triglycerides by this simple extraction. The cholesterol content of SC-CO2-extracted butter oil could be decreased by passing the extract through a silicic acid column. This process succeeded in lowering both the melting point and cholesterol level of the extracted oil. The flavor of the extracted oil was similar to the original butter.
BACTEREMIA DUE TO GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI OTHER THAN THE SALMONELLA (1951)

SEPSIS due to Escherichia coli was the subject of excellent reports by Jacob<sup>1</sup>in 1909 and Felty and Keefer<sup>2</sup>in 1924. However, the fact that strains and species of Gram-negative bacilli differ in their sensitivity to modern antimicrobial agents has made it desirable to study further not only bacteremias due to E. coli but those due to other non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative rods.<sup>3</sup>The present study was undertaken to determine whether there was anything characteristic about the clinical pictures caused by different species of Gram-negative bacilli and to work out a therapeutic approach to patients in whom bacteremia due to these organisms was suspected. Presented in this report is a study of 29 cases of bacteremia due to Gram-negative bacilli other than Salmonella. Emphasis has been placed on the incidence of these infections, the clinical and laboratory picture caused by each type of bacilli, the sensitivities of the etiological
Beam Transport Systems for Particle Therapy (2015)

The beam transport system between accelerator and patient treatment location in a particle therapy facility is described. After some general layout aspects the major beam handling tasks of this system are discussed. These are energy selection, an optimal transport of the particle beam to the beam delivery device and the gantry, a device that is able to rotate a beam delivery system around the patient, so that the tumour can be irradiated from almost any direction. Also the method of pencil beam scanning is described and how this is implemented within a gantry. Using this method the particle dose is spread over the tumour volume to the prescribed dose distribution.
On zero clock skew hold time failure in scan test (2008)

This paper studies a new hold time failure mode found in deep sub-micron low power CMOS production scan testing. The root causes of failure are discovered and duplicated in simulations. Vccmin of scan chain integrity is defined and studied for the first time. Solutions for enhancing scan chain integrity are proposed.
Electronic structure of transition-metal impurities in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-type ZnO (2006)

The self-interaction-corrected local spin-density approximation is used to investigate the ground-state valency configuration of transition metal $(\mathrm{TM}=\mathrm{Mn},\mathrm{Co})$ impurities in $p$-type ZnO. Based on total energy considerations, we find a stable localized ${\mathrm{TM}}^{2+}$ configuration for a TM impurity in ZnO if no additional hole donors are present. Our calculations indicate that the $(+∕0)$ donor level is situated in the band gap, as a consequence of which the ${\mathrm{TM}}^{3+}$ becomes more favorable in $p$-type ZnO, where the Fermi level is positioned near the top of the valence band. When codoping with N, it emerges that the conditions for the applicability of the Zener model as proposed by Dietl et al. [Science 287, 1019 (2000)] are fulfilled only in the scenario where the N concentration exceeds the TM impurity concentration.
Synthesis of Nanometer-Sized SnOx Particles by NAS-FAS Method and Their Electric Conductivity (2000)

酢酸スズ (II) を含むエタノールと水の混合溶液をNaOH存在下で加熱還流することにより, ナノメーターサイズのSnOx (x=1, 2) が選択的に合成できた。生成物のxは, 酢酸スズ (II) に対するNaOHのモル比, 反応溶液中のエタノールと水の体積比, Sbドープ量などに依存した。また, SbをドープしたSnOx超微粒子を800℃以上で熱処理すると, 電気伝導性がいちじるしく向上し, その電気抵抗は102Ωcm以下であった。
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dentistry Practices (2020)

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been declared as a pandemic disease by the World Health Organization on 11th March, 2020. Various information has been shared from many sources regarding the protection of individuals at risk, especially health care workers after appearence of cases in Turkey, Dentists constitute a high risk group due to the […]
Highly coherent injection-locked laser diode arrays (1991)

Two physically separated laser diode arrays were simultaneously injection-locked to the same master laser. The modulus of their mutual coherence function was measured, and the resulting value 0.96 +/- 0.06 was close to the maximum allowed value of 1. The spatial phase of the two injection-locked outputs did not vary from each other by more than 0.05 wave (lambda/20), apart from a phase difference that grew linearly with position, due to the tilt between the two interfering beams. Requirements for the coherent combination of injection-locked laser diode arrays are discussed.
Immunization of Mice With Vibrio cholerae Outer-Membrane Vesicles Protects Against Hyperinfectious Challenge and Blocks Transmission (2011)

OMV immunization can significantly reduce the V. cholerae burden upon challenge with HI V. cholerae and can also block transmission from immune mice by reducing the infectivity of shed bacteria.
Exact bias removal for the track-to-track association problem (2009)

In the track-to-track association problem, the fundamental quantity to calculate is the probability of an association given the data. Algorithms which are based on such a calculation can make meaningful statements about the probabilities of associations and of related events, and are more accurate and robust than algorithms which do not. This paper presents the required probability calculation for the case of two or more biased sensors. Two demonstrations are then made of its superiority to currently used approaches for handling bias-in particular to what is currently considered the state-of-the-art approach, which is to remove the most likely bias candidate for each association individually. The first demonstration is a simple, illustrative scenario where commonly used bias removal methods fail drastically because they attempt to compute the wrong quantity. The second is a procedure for validating the probabilities produced by any association algorithm. This procedure demonstrates the correctness of the probability formula, and the degree to which the probabilities produced by other methods are erroneous.
Cancer Incidence Rates and Environmental Factors: An Ecological Study (2002)

The environmental factors latitude, temperature, and water consumption have been correlatedwithcancerincidencerates. To date, there is noconsensus of opinion that explains how these environmental factors alter the incidence of cancer. A fluoride belt stretches across the north and east of Africa, through the Middle East, across Pakistan and India, into Southeast Asia, and the south of China. There appears to be an association between areas with low cancer incidence rates and high fluoride concentrations in the water supply. This ecologic study attempts to determine if fluoride is correlated with cancer incidence rates. If so, this study also attempts to determine whether fluoride is a factor in the correlation between latitude, temperature, and cancer incidence rates. Population groups with very high cancer incidence rates and population groups with very low cancer incidence rates are compared to identify environmental factors that might explain the correlation between cancer incidence rates and the environmental factors of latitude, temperature, and fluoride. There is a positive correlation between cancer incidence rates and latitude (r = 0.71). There is an inverse correlation between cancer incidence rates and temperature (r = -0.87). There is also an inverse correlation between cancer incidence rates and fluoride concentration in the drinking water (r = -0.75). Very low cancer incidence was found in areas with high fluoride concentrations in the drinking water.
Chirality Dependence of Carbon Single-Walled Nanotube Material Properties: Axial Young's Modulus (2006)

The potential use of individual carbon nanotubes as nano devices warrants detailed investigation of their mechanical behavior based on structural and geometrical configurations. The objective of this paper is to unravel the structural and chirality dependence of the axial Young's modulus of a carbon single-walled nanotube by analytical and numerical approaches. In this work, we employ the general homogenization composite shell model developed based on the asymptotic homogenization technique for analytical modeling of single-walled nanotubes. We derive the working formulae for the effective elastic properties of carbon single-walled nanotube of any chirality and predict the structural and chiral dependence of the effective axial Young's modulus of the nanotube. Also, a finite element analysis on the chirality dependence of the axial Young's modulus of the carbon nanotube is reported. The outcomes of our analyses are compared with available experimental and simulation results.
Observation of a Linearly Dispersing Collective Mode in a Quantum Hall Ferromagnet (2001)

Double-layer two-dimensional electron systems can exhibit a fascinating collective phase believed to display both quantum ferromagnetism and excitonic superfluidity. This unusual phase has recently been found to exhibit tunneling phenomena reminiscent of the Josephson effect. A key element of the theoretical understanding of this bizarre quantum fluid is the existence of linearly dispersing Goldstone collective modes. Using the method of tunneling spectroscopy, we have demonstrated the existence of these modes. We find the measured velocity to be in reasonable agreement with theoretical estimates.
Evaluating Automatically Generated Timelines from the Web (2006)

As web searches increase, there is a need to represent the search results in the most comprehensible way possible. In particular, we focus on search results from queries about people and places. The standard method for presentation of search results is an ordered list determined by the Web search engine. Although this is satisfactory in some cases, when searching for people and places, presenting the information indexed by time may be more desirable. We are developing a system called Cronopath, which generates a timeline of web search engine results by determining the time frame of each document in the collection and linking elements in the timeline to the relevant articles. In this paper, we propose evaluation guidelines for judging the quality of automatically generated timelines based on a set of common features. 1.
Evaluation of the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes VII, XIV, and XIX by chemiluminescence assay (1981)

A luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence assay was used to investigate opsonic requirements for phagocytosis of STreptococcus pneumoniae serotypes VII, XIV, and XIX. After opsonization with whole immune sera (with antibody and total complement pathway), heat-inactivated immune sera (with antibody alone), or magnesium dichloride-ethylene glycol tetraacetic acid-chelated immune sera (with antibody and alternative complement pathway), live S. pneumoniae cells were incubated at 37 degrees C with normal polymorphonuclear leukocytes while serial chemiluminescence measurements were recorded. The amount of chemiluminescence observed correlated closely with evidence of phagocytosis as observed by microscopy. Complement was required for efficient opsonization, since all three serotypes showed a slower rise and less integral chemiluminescence after opsonization with heat-inactivated serum as compared with whole serum. The alternative pathway provided opsonic activity equal to that of the total complement pathway for type XIX, but only intermediate activity for types VII and XIV. Type-specific antibody was also required for effective opsonization of all three serotypes since chemiluminescence was markedly reduced when bacteria were opsonized with antibody-depleted serum (serum absorbed with type-specific S. pneumoniae cells at 4 degrees C). Thus, chemiluminescence proved to be an effective means of defining the requirement for both antibody and complement in the opsonization and phagocytosis of S. pneumoniae.