gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Themes Updating Model Based on TIBG (2009)

Only considering freshness or total click number of a certain theme may lead to unreasonable themes updating. To improve the reasonableness of updating themes on homepage, this paper proposes a novel model based on theme interestingness of browser group (TIBG). TIBG can be used to calculate the theme's real-time popularity which tracks information related to theme browser's actual interest. Firstly, utilizing data mining methods, some data extracted from web log of AUST campus network are used to analyze the continuously changing trend of TIBG of every theme. Secondly, based on the achieved dynamic trend of every theme, we propose a model for updating multi-themes on homepage. According to this model, all TIBG of themes on a homepage can be calculated. Further, an integrated index reflecting the popularity of homepage can be obtained to measure the reasonableness of updating multi-themes. Experiment results show that our proposed model can implement reasonable updating of multi-themes and be effectively applied to the updating problems such as education resource, news theme on campus network.
Tongguan elevation reduction by using flushing gallery (2011)

This paper expounds the project′s background and seeks the measure to replace the original approach of storing clear water and releasing muddy flow in Xiaolangdi reservoir,so as to lower the Tongguan elevation and to reduce the flood disasters in the Weiluohe river′s lower reaches.Analysis shows that in Tongguan reach,bed elevation increases when scouring occurs in the upper reach at low temperature,and bed elevation declines when silting occurs in the upper reach at high temperature.Both situatious would transport a lot of silt to the lower reaches.Authors deal with the layout and optimization of flushing gallery by analyzing two examples.One is the drop of Sanmenxia Reservoir level which causes headcut scour,and the other is drawing water from the Yellow River to Donglei to lower the bed elevation.The project of using the flushing gallery in Sanmenxia to lower the Tongguan elevation would intercept coarse sands before entering Xiaolangdi reservoir so as to lower the Tongguan elevation and increase Sanmenxia reservoir′s total storage.
Assessment of the Use of a Saline Chaser to Reduce the Volume of Contrast Medium in Abdominal CT (2006)

In MDCT, reducing the amount of contrast medium does not affect aortic enhancement in the early arterial phase but decreases hepatic enhancement at the portal phase. The saline chaser technique had no influence on the phases studied. Greater than 1.5 mL/kg reduction in the dose of contrast medium followed by saline flushing may not be advisable for liver CT in low- and medium-weight patients.
Improvement of Aspirin-Intolerant Asthma by Montelukast, a Leukotriene Antagonist: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial (2002)

Abstract Leukotriene antagonists block the proinflammatory actions of leukotrienes (LT) and have been introduced as new treatments for asthma. Conventional therapy with glucocorticosteroids does not inhibit the biosynthesis of leukotrienes. We therefore tested whether addition of the leukotriene receptor antagonist montelukast was of therapeutic benefit in a group of aspirin-intolerant patients with asthma of whom 90% already were treated with moderate to high doses of glucocorticosteroids. Under double-blind conditions, 80 aspirin-intolerant patients with asthma were randomized to receive 4 wk oral treatment of either 10 mg of montelukast or placebo once daily at bedtime. Pulmonary function was measured as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) once a week in the clinic and daily as morning and evening peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Asthma symptoms and use of rescue bronchodilator were also recorded daily. Asthma specific quality of life (QoL) was assessed before and after the treatments. The group receiving montelukast showed a remarkable improvement of their asthma, whereas the group given placebo showed no change. Thus, from equal baseline values, the mean difference between the groups over the 4-wk treatment period was 10.2% for FEV1 and 28.0 L for morning PEFR (p for both &lt; 0.001). The improved pulmonary function in the group receiving montelukast occurred at the same time as 27% less bronchodilator was used (p &lt; 0.05), and it was associated with fewer asthma symptoms than in the group given placebo, including 1.3 nights more of sleep per week and 54% fewer asthma exacerbations (p &lt; 0.05). There was also an improvement in asthma-specific QoL (p &lt; 0.05). The therapeutic response to montelukast was consistent across patients with different baseline characteristics and did not correlate with baseline urinary LTE4. Addition of a leukotriene receptor antagonist such as montelukast improves asthma in aspirin-intolerant patients over and above what can be achieved by glucocorticosteroids.
Synthesis of Miktoarm Star Polymers via ATRP Using the “In−Out” Method:  Determination of Initiation Efficiency of Star Macroinitiators (2006)

Miktoarm star polymers were synthesized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using the “in−out” method. First, ATRP was applied to the synthesis of star polymers using the “arm-first” method with poly(tert-butyl acrylate) arms and a core formed with divinylbenzene as cross-linker. “Dormant” initiating sites were preserved in the core of the star copolymer, which was then used as a multifunctional macroinitiator (MI) for initiating an ATRP of another monomer to produce the miktoarm star polymer. Because of the congested environment in the star core, not all of the initiating sites participated in the formation of the second generation of arms, and the initiation efficiency (IE) of the star MI was less than 100%. A kinetic method was used for quantitative determination of the IE value of the star MIs. Three factors, including the arm length of star MI, the structural compactness of star MI, and the chemical compatibility of the two kinds of arms on one miktoarm star molecule, have an important effect on the IE of the star MI. It was found that the IE value of the star MI decreased with increasing arm length and structural compactness. When the two arms had the same chemical composition, the star MI had the highest IE value. The IE of the star MI varied from 5% to 54%, depending on the above three factors.
Protective efficacy of live-attenuated influenza vaccine (multivalent, Ann Arbor strain): a literature review addressing interference (2011)

Selecting the B strain for inclusion in a trivalent seasonal influenza vaccine has been difficult because two distinct influenza B lineages frequently co-circulate, prompting consideration of a quadrivalent vaccine containing two A and two B strains. Because interference among wild-type influenza viruses is a well-documented phenomenon and viral replication is required to elicit protection by the licensed live-attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV; MedImmune, LLC, Gaithersburg, MD, USA), a potential quadrivalent formulation raises considerations of interference among the LAIV strains contained in the vaccine. We reviewed the available clinical and nonclinical literature to understand the potential impact of viral interference on immunogenicity, efficacy and shedding of LAIV strains. We have found no clinically significant evidence of viral or immune interference affecting efficacy of LAIV strains in multivalent vaccine formulations. Future clinical studies should compare the safety and immune responses of children and adults to licensed trivalent and investigational quadrivalent LAIV formulations.
Superwetting monolithic SiO2 with hierarchical structure for oil removal (2011)

Monolithic silica with macroporous skeleton and well-defined mesopores was prepared via sol–gel method by using triblock polymer P123 as the structure directing agent and tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) as the silicon source. The large macroporous channels (3 μm in diameter), formed by phase separation and sol–gel transition, ensure the substances diffuse in the bulk easily. Appropriate specific area (nearly 400 cm2 g−1) and mesopores (17.67 nm in diameter and 1.99 cm3 g−1 in volume) supply enough space for storing the molecules absorbed. After grafting organic groups on their surface, hydrophobic monolithic hierarchically porous silica (MHS) could be prepared with high capability to adsorb oils and organic contaminants on the surface of water without coadsorption. In order to explore the factors impacting the ability of adsorption, a series of properties are characterized including the BET surface, porous size and water contact angle by changing the type and dosage of modifying agents. The maximum absorptive ability can reach 8 times the monolith's weight, and materials could be recycled more than 20 times by an easy treatment. Good selectivity, better thermal stability, easy removing and excellent recyclability for oil removal give the material potential applications.
Review Article THE RATIONALE FOR PROSTAGLANDIN El IN ERECTILE FAILURE: A SURVEY OF WORLDWIDE EXPERIENCE (1998)

Purpose: Prostaglandin El (PGE1, alprostadil) is used worldwide for self-injection therapy in erectile failure and was recently officially approved for this purpose in the United States and most European muntries. Therefore a comprehensive overview on biochemistry, pharmacology and therapeutic results of PGEl is provided. Materials and Methd: The relevant literature on PGEl was reviewed along with personal experience with 4,577 patients during a 7-year period. PGEl was compared to other vasoactive drugs, such as papaverine, the mixture of papaverine and phentolamine or linsidomine alone. Results: In Europe PGEl was officially approved for the therapy of peripheral arterial occlusive disease of the lower limbs in 1984. The drug has direct relaxing effects on smooth muscle cells of vessels and cavernous bodies, shows inhibitory effects on platelet aggregation, on low-density lipoprotein entry into the vascular wall and on presynaptic noradrenaline release and, therefore, it prevents the progress of atherosclerosis. In erectile failure PGEl shows a response rate of more than 70% and, compared to papaverine with phentolamine, a considerably lower risk of priapism (0.35% versus 6%, respectively) as well as of local fibrotic complications. Except for rare cases of blood pressure decrease, no systemic side effects were observed after intracavernous injection of PGE1. Conclusions: For self-injection therapy, PGE 1 presently represents the most efficacious and safest drug. Ongoing trials with topical and especially intraurethral PGEl are promising and may offer less invasive therapies in the near future.
Encapsulated Cell Biodelivery of Nerve Growth Factor to the Basal Forebrain in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

This study demonstrates that surgical implantation and removal of EC-NGF biodelivery to the basal forebrain in AD patients is safe, well tolerated and feasible.
Study on precision agriculture monitoring framework based on WSN (2008)

The wireless sensor networks (WSN) is one of the most significant technologies in the 21st century. In recent years, achievements in micro-sensor technology and low-power electronics make WSN become into realities in applications. This paper describes a real-deployment of WSN based greenhouse management which is designed and implemented to realize modern precision agriculture. The proposed system can monitor the greenhouse environments, control greenhouse equipment, and provide various and convenient services to consumers with hand-held devices such as a PDA living a farming village. This paper discusses the advantages of using management strategy along wireless sensor-actor network technology for such cost-effective and environmental friendly greenhouse management.
Auckland Stroke Outcomes Study (2010)

A considerable proportion of 5-year stroke survivors experience neuropsychological deficits, with these being more likely to involve IPS and executive functioning. Visuoperceptual/construction abilities, visual memory, and IPS were independently associated with handicap, disability, and health-related quality of life over and above contributions made by age, depression, and stroke severity, suggesting these areas are important targets for rehabilitation to improve overall stroke recovery and should be evaluated in future randomized controlled trials.
Ascorbate content of wheat leaves is not determined by maximal <scp>l</scp>‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH) activity under drought stress (2005)

ABSTRACT Although ascorbic acid (AA) is a high‐abundance metabolite, relatively little is known about the factors controlling its accumulation in leaves. To address this issue, we examined the role of l ‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase (GalLDH), the enzyme which catalyses the last step of this pathway, in the control of AA content under optimal and stress conditions. In a range of species, no clear relationship between AA content and leaf GalLDH protein and activity was found under optimal growth conditions. To explore the effect of drought stress on GalLDH activity and protein content, wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) was selected for detailed analysis, using two cultivars that differ in their constitutive AA level. In well‐watered plants, the AA content of cv Buck Chambergo (BCH) was over twice that of cv Cooperativa Maipún (CM) but dehydroascorbic acid content was similar in both cv. In agreement with this, dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione reductase activities were higher in cv BCH than in cv CM, indicating a higher capacity for AA regeneration. Neither leaf DHA content nor activities of AA regenerating enzymes were modified by drought. Although drought caused a substantial increase in GalLDH protein and activity in the low AA cv CM, this treatment had no effect on these parameters in cv BCH. Notably, leaf AA content was unaffected by drought in either cv. These results suggest that GalLDH protein and activity cannot be used as an indicator for changes in the capacity for ascorbate biosynthesis and that AA biosynthesis is constrained by other factors under stress. This can be explained by the importance of regeneration in maintaining AA levels and possibly also by redox regulation of GalLDH.
New Multidentate Ligands. VI. Chelating Tendencies of N,N′-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic Acid (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Multidentate Ligands. VI. Chelating Tendencies of N,N′-Di(2-hydroxybenzyl)ethylenediamine-N,N′-diacetic AcidF. L. Eplattenier, I. Murase, and A. E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 4, 837–843Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00980a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00980a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Senna vs. bisacodyl in addition to Golytely lavage for colonoscopy preparation--a prospective randomized trial. (1992)

Colonoscopy preparation with lavage is a clinically accepted procedure. After having shown that its results can be improved by the additional intake of Senna this randomized prospective trial was designed to evaluate the effects of different laxatives in a combined preparation regimen. The day before endoscopy either Bisacodyl or extractum Sennae was given to 120 patients. Immediately before examination all patients underwent whole gut irrigation with Golytely solution. Patient acceptance and effectiveness of the two procedures were excellent and no relevant intolerance was observed. Satisfactory cleansing results were achieved with Bisacodyl as well as with Senna (98.3 vs. 95%). There was no significant difference between the laxatives used. We conclude that both regimens are safe, generally well tolerated and effective ways of preparation for colonoscopy.
The industrial potential of bio-based glycolic acid and polyglycolic acid (2014)

The use of renewable natural resources in industrial applications reduces dependence on oil and the carbon footprint attributable to manufacture and use of consumer products. Several well-known products have been commercialised leveraging on platform chemicals produced, for example, by fermentation of sugars, or conversions of triglycerides or fermentation products to precursors such as lactic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, ethylene and ethylene glycol, making fully or partially bio-based thermoplastic materials available. Despite its sustainable promise, a transition to a bio-based economy in many cases requires products that are not only ecologically ideal but also be feasible in terms of technical performance, easily applicable into existing processes, and product quality.
Relative Orbit Geometry Through Classical Orbit Element Differences (2004)

The relative orbit geometry of a spacecraft formation can be elegantly described in terms of a set of orbit element differences relative to a common chief orbit. For the nonperturbed orbit motion, these orbit element differences remain constant if the anomaly difference is expressed in terms of the mean anomaly and all semimajor axes are equal. A general method is presented to estimate the linearized relative orbit geometry for both circular and elliptic chief reference orbits. The relative orbit is described purely through relative orbit element differences, not through the classical method of using Cartesian initial conditions. Analytical solutions of the relative motion are provided in terms of the true anomaly angle. When this angle is swept from 0 to 2π, it is trivial to estimate the along-track, out-of-plane, and orbit radial dimensions. The orbit element-based relative motion predictions are valid for both the osculating element space and the mean element space. The main assumption being made in the linearization is that the relative orbit radius is small compared to the inertial orbit radius relative to Earth. The resulting linearized relative motion solution can be used to assist in selecting the orbit element differences that yield a natural desired relative orbit geometry. Linearized analytical solutions are provided that show what secular drift is caused by having a nonzero semimajor axis difference, or what influence the J 2 gravitational perturbation will have on the mean relative motion.
An increase in phosphoinositide‐specific phospholipase C activity precedes induction of C<sub>4</sub> phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase phosphorylation in illuminated and NH<sub>4</sub>Cl‐treated protoplasts from <i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> (2000)

A Ca2+-dependent phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) activity has been characterized in the microsomal fraction of Digitaria sanguinalis mesophyll cell protoplasts. Microsomal PI-PLC was found to be inhibited in vitro by a mammalian anti-PLC-delta1 antibody and by the aminosteroide U-73122, an inhibitor of PI-PLC activity in animal cells. In Western blot experiments, the antibody recognized an 85 kDa protein in both microsomal protein extracts from mesophyll protoplasts and rat brain protein extracts containing the authentic enzyme. The involvement of the microsomal PI-PLC in the light-dependent transduction pathway leading to the phosphorylation of C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) was investigated in D. sanguinalis protoplasts. A transient increase in the PI-PLC reaction product inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins(1,4, 5)P3) was observed in situ during early induction of the C4 PEPC phosphorylation cascade. U-73122, but not the inactive analogue U-73343, efficiently blocked the transient accumulation of Ins(1,4, 5)P3, and both the increase in C4 PEPC kinase activity and C4 PEPC phosphorylation in illuminated and weak base-treated protoplasts. Taken together, these data suggest that PI-PLC-based signalling is a committed step in the cascade controlling the regulation of C4 PEPC phosphorylation in C4 leaves.
Auditory Display: Sonification, Audification, and Auditory Interfaces (1995)

Foreword (Albert Bregman) An Introduction to Auditory Display (Gregory Kramer) Delivery of Information Through Sound (James A. Ballas) Perceptual Principles in Sound Grouping (Sheila M. Williams) Spatial Sound and Sonification (Elizabeth M. Wenzel) Pattern and Reference in Auditory Display (Robin Bargar) Environments for Exploring Auditory Representations of Multidimensional Data (Stuart Smith, Ronald M. Pickett, and Marian G. Williams) Some Organizing Principles for Representing Data with Sound (Gregory Kramer) Sound Synthesis Algorithms for Auditory Data Representations (Carla Scaletti) Sonnet: Audio-Enhanced Monitoring and Debugging (David H. Jameson) A Framework for Sonification Design (Tara M. Madhyastha and Daniel A. Reed) Synchronization of Visual and Aural Parallel Program Performance Data (Jay Alan Jackson and Joan M. Francioni) Sonifying the Body Electric: Superiority of an Auditory over a Visual Display in a Complex, Multivariate System (W. Tecumeseh Fitch and Gregory Kramer) Auditory Display of Computational Fluid Dynamics Data (Kevin McCabe and Akil Rangwalla) Musical Structures in Data from Chaotic Attractors (Gottfried Mayer-Kress, Robin Bargar, and Insook Choi) Listening to the Earth Sing (Chris Hayward) Multivariate Data Mappings (Sara Bly).
The retinal pigment epithelium: a versatile partner in vision (1993)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a monolayer of cuboidal cells that lies in close association with the rod and cone photoreceptors. This epithelium has diverse features, three of which are discussed in some detail in this review, namely the daily phagocytosis of rod and cone outer segment fragments that are shed from their distal ends; the uptake, processing, transport and release of vitamin A (retinol) and some of its visual cycle intermediates (retinoids); and some of the aspects of its apical and basolateral membrane polarity that are the reverse of most other epithelia. Phagocytosis takes place at the apical surface via membrane receptor-mediated processes that are not yet well defined. Retinol uptake occurs at both the basolateral and apical surfaces by what appear to be separate receptor-mediated processes. The release of a crucial retinoid, 11-cis retinaldehyde (11-cis retinal), occurs solely across the apical membrane. Delivery of retinol across the basolateral membrane is mediated by a retinol binding protein (RBP) that is secreted by the liver as a complex with retinol (vitamin A). Within the cell, retinol and its derivatives are solubilized by intracellular retinoid binding proteins that are selective for retinol (cellular retinol binding protein, CRBP) and 11-cis retinoids (cellular retinal binding protein, CRALBP). Release of 11-cis retinal across the apical membrane and re-uptake of retinol from the photoreceptors during the visual cycle is promoted by an intercellular retinoid binding protein (IRBP). Na,K-ATPase, the membrane-integrated enzyme required to set up the ion gradients that drive other ion transporters, is largely localized to the apical membrane.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)