gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF JORDANIAN SIMMONDSIA CHINENSIS (LINK) C.K. SCHNEID ON DIFFERENT CANCER CELL LINES (2014)

Context: Different parts of Jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis (Link) C.K. Schneid) from the family Simmondsiaceae have been traditionally used in folklore-medicine for skin disorders, wound healing, tumors and many other uses. Objective: The aim was to examine the effect of the total extracts of Jojoba leaves (male & female), testa, seeds and oil on the growth of various cancer cell lines. Materials and methods: Plant parts were subjected for hot extraction by solvents of different polarity (hexane, methanol and ethanol), in addition to cold pressing extraction of seed. Furthermore, the active compounds were isolated by preparative thin layer chromatography, followed by identification with chemical reagents along with various methods of chromatography and spectral analysis for simmondsin and three of its derivatives namely Simmondsin-3’-ferulate,4,5-Didemethylsimmondsin and 4- Demethylsimmondsin -2’- ferulate. In addition, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, toccopherols and fatty acids were also identified by the same methods. The evaluation of the acute cytotoxic effect of the extracts on human cancer cell lines using human melanoma (MV 3), breast (MCF 7), and colorectal (HCT 116) tumor cell lines, was determined using 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results: According the IC50 values, both jojoba oil (hexane extract & cold pressing extract) and methanolic extract of testa have antitumor activity, more potent than the other parts, against HCT 116, MV 3 cancer cells. Moreover, Jojoba extracts induced a dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Discussion and conclusion: Plant extracts induced variable degrees of cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines due to their active constituents which were observed in different parts of the plant.
DNA microarray data preprocessing (2004)

Microarray technology is an essential part of modern biomedical research. At the moment, the most widely utilized microarray platform in academic biomedical research is DNA microarray due to its flexibility and low costs. One of the biggest drawback of the DNA microarray technology is high variation in data quality. Thus, in order to obtain reliable results, sophisticated image analysis and extensive preprocessing steps should be applied before actual microarray data analysis can take place. In this study we highlight some essential microarray preprocessing steps.
Effects of temperature, time, and solvent ratio on the extraction of phenolic compounds and the anti-radical activity of Clinacanthus nutans Lindau leaves by response surface methodology (2017)

This study could be useful in the development of cosmeceutical products containing extracts of C. nutans.
Improved Refractories for Slagging Gasifiers in IGCC Power Systems (2003)

The gasification of coal and other carbon-containing fuels provides the opportunity to produce energy more efficiently, and with significantly less environmental impact, than more-conventional combustion-based processes. In addition, the synthesis gas that is the product of the gasification process offers the option of “polygeneration, ” i.e., the production of alternative products instead of power should it be economically favorable to do so. Because of these advantages, gasification is viewed as one of the key processes in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Vision 21 power system. However, issues with both the reliability and the economics of gasifier operation will have to be resolved before gasification will be widely adopted by the power industry. Central to both enhanced reliability and economics is the development of materials with longer service lives in gasifier systems that can provide extended periods of continuous, trouble-free gasifier operation. The focus of the Advanced Refractories for Gasification project at the Albany Research Center is to develop improved refractory materials capable of withstanding the harsh, high-temperature environment created by the gasification reaction, and includes both the refractory lining that protects and insulates the slagging gasifier, as well as the thermocouple assemblies that are utilized to monitor gasifier operating temperatures. Current generation refractory liners in slagging gasifiers are typically replaced every four to 18 months, at costs ranging up to $2,000,000, depending upon the size of the gasification vessel. Compounding materials and installation costs are the lost-opportunity costs for the time that the gasifier
Synthesis and anti-microbial activity of benzo-condensed heterocyclic derivatives. (1990)

The synthesis of 2,4-dione derivatives of 1,5-benzodithiepine, 1,5-benzodiazepine and 1,5-benzothiazepine and the anti-microbial activity in vitro of these derivatives and of analogous of 1,5-benzodioxepine, 1,5-benzoxathiepine and 1,5-benzoxazepine, previously prepared, are reported. Some of these compounds showed a good activity against some Gram positive microorganisms and blastomycetes.
An optimized module-type hybrid stepper motor for spacecraft solar array drive (2002)

The paper presents the computer-aided design and development of an optimized module-type 200 steps hybrid stepper motor used as the drive motor of a solar array of the Indian National Satellite (INSAT) in geostationary orbit. The motor is of size 23 having coil redundancy and the step angle is 1.8/spl deg/. It is designed with an optimized tooth-geometry and module-geometry, using finite element (FE) analysis technique which makes it very compact. The motor delivers a holding torque of 0.5 Nm against a varying supply voltage of 28 to 42 V DC and in an operating temperature range of -55 to +75/spl deg/C, by taking advantage of the torque saturation phenomenon available in a hybrid stepper motor. Results of the 2-D and 3-D FE analysis on tooth-geometry and module-geometry respectively are also discussed. Apart from the design procedure, relevant details regarding fabrication and testing are also provided. The test results of the developed motor match fairly well with the design goal.
Large ferroelectric polarization of TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN capacitors due to stress-induced crystallization at low thermal budget (2017)

We report on atomic layer deposited Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO)-based capacitors which exhibit excellent ferroelectric (FE) characteristics featuring a large switching polarization (45 μC/cm2) and a low FE saturation voltage (∼1.5 V) as extracted from pulse write/read measurements. The large FE polarization in HZO is achieved by the formation of a non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase, which is enabled by the TiN top electrode (TE) having a thickness of at least 90 nm. The TiN films are deposited at room temperature and annealed at 400 °C in an inert environment for at least 1 min in a rapid thermal annealing system. The room-temperature deposited TiN TE acts as a tensile stressor on the HZO film during the annealing process. The stress-inducing TiN TE is shown to inhibit the formation of the monoclinic phase during HZO crystallization, forming an orthorhombic phase that generates a large FE polarization, even at low process temperatures.
A statistical model of signal–noise in scanning electron microscopy (2011)

A statistical model describing signal-noise generation and development along the signal formation process in a standard scanning electron microscope (SEM) using an Everhart-Thornley secondary electron detector is derived. Noise in the detector signal is modeled to originate from a cascade of five signal conversion stages. Based on the derived model, general conclusions are drawn concerning the total signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at each stage, and the influence of each stage on the total SNR of the detector signal. The model is furthermore applied to a real-world SEM, and verified by experimental data.
Imaging in diffuse media with pulsed-ultrasound-modulated light and the photorefractive effect (2005)

Acousto-optic imaging in diffuse media is a dual wave-sensing technique in which an acoustic field interacts with multiply scattered laser light. The acoustic field causes a phase modulation in the optical field emanating from the interaction region, and this phase-modulated optical field carries with it information about the local optomechanical properties of the media. We report on the use of a pulsed ultrasound transducer to modulate the optical field and the use of a photorefractive-crystal-based interferometry system to detect ultrasound-modulated light. The use of short pulses of focused ultrasound allows for a one-dimensional acousto-optic image to be obtained along the transducer axis from a single, time-averaged acousto-optic signal. The axial and lateral resolutions of the system are controlled by the spatial pulse length and width of the ultrasound beam, respectively. In addition, scanning the ultrasound transducer in one dimension yields two-dimensional images of optical inhomogeneities buried in turbid media.
Identification of cysteine 656 as the amino acid of hepatoma tissue culture cell glucocorticoid receptors that is covalently labeled by dexamethasone 21-mesylate. (1987)

Recent results using proteases suggest that dexamethasone 21-mesylate (Dex-Mes) labeling of the rat hepatoma tissue culture (HTC) cell glucocorticoid receptor occurs at one or a few closely grouped cysteine residues (Simons, S.S., Jr. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 9669-9675). In this study, a more direct approach was used both to establish that only one cysteine is labeled by [3H]Dex-Mes and to identify the amino acid sequence containing this labeled cysteine. Various analytical procedures did not provide the purification of the extremely hydrophobic Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease digestion fragment that is required for unique amino acid sequencing data. Therefore, Edman degradation was performed on the limit protease digest mixtures which appeared to contain only one 3H-labeled peptide. These degradation experiments revealed the number of amino acid residues between the NH2 terminus of each peptide and the [3H]Dex-Mes-labeled cysteine. A comparison of these amino acid spacings with the published amino acid sequence of the HTC cell glucocorticoid receptor (Miesfeld, R., Rusconi, S., Godowski, P. J., Maler, B. A., Okret, S., Wikstom, A-C., Gustafsson, J-A., and Yamamoto, K. R. (1986) Cell 46, 389-399) indicated that the one cysteine labeled by [3H]Dex-Mes is Cys-656. Further analysis of the receptor sequence for the presence of the observed grouping of proteolytic cleavage sites, but without any preconditions as to which amino acid was labeled, gave Asp-122 and Cys-656 as the only two possibilities. Potential labeling of Asp-122 could be eliminated on the basis of immunological and genetic evidence. We, therefore, conclude that the single Dex-Mes-labeled site of the HTC cell glucocorticoid receptor has been identified as Cys-656. Since several lines of evidence indicate that [3H]Dex-Mes labeling of the receptor occurs in the steroid binding site, Cys-656 is the first amino acid which can be directly associated with a particular property of the glucocorticoid receptor.
Simple Fiber-Optic Interface for Online Supercritical Fluid Extraction Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple Fiber-Optic Interface for Online Supercritical Fluid Extraction Fourier Transform Infrared SpectrometryDaniel L. Heglund, David C. Tilotta, Steven B. Hawthorne, and David J. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 20, 3543–3551Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00092a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00092a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The role of the endothelium in arterial thrombosis and the influence of antithrombotic therapy (1986)

Abstract The nonthrombogenicity of vascular endothelium, a single layer of cells separating blood‐borne platelets and thrombogenic components of the underlying subendothelium, results from more than its provision of a physical barrier. These cells synthesize and secrete prostacyclin, plasminogen activator, and inhibitors of the coagulation system. They also catabolize proaggregatory agents such as ADP and serotonin (5‐HT). Damage to or removal of the endothelium is, of course, a potent thrombogenic stimulus. We have employed an acute canine model of coronary arterial thrombosis, which combines vessel narrowing and intimal injury as stimuli for repetitive, regular occlusive thrombus formation. Of all agents tested by us and others in this model, prostacyclin, selective thromboxane (TXA 2 ) synthetase inhibitors, and 5‐HT antagonists consistently inhibit thrombus formation. Available data suggest that the antithrombotic actions of TXA 2 synthetase inhibitors result in part from vascular metabolism of platelet‐derived endoperoxides, as well as endogenous PGI 2 production. Serotonin, alone, exerts weak proaggregatory effects. However, it uniquely amplifies the proaggregatory effects of many physiologic proaggregatory mediators. Serotonin 2 antagonists are more potent and consistently antithrombotic in this canine model than TXA 2 synthetase inhibitors. The discordance between the marked antithrombotic effects of 5‐ht antagonists and txa 2 synthetase inhibitors in vivo and their weak antiaggregatory and proaggregatory effects in vitro, respectively, underscores the danger of relying exclusively upon in vitro platelet aggregatory behavior to assess either the potential importance of a mediator or antithrombotic efficacy of a new drug. On the basis of results obtained from our laboratory and others that employ similar in vivo models of thrombosis, we conclude that (1) since platelet aggregation in vivo is stimulated by many physiologic agonists, in vivo and in vitro, models of aggregation and thrombosis should reflect this; (2) the most potent or efficacious proaggregatory agent in vitro may not necessarily be the most important mediator in vivo and vice versa. Future development of antithrombotic agents should continue; aspirin can be improved upon in several respects. Perhaps future antithrombotic agents will be targeted to specific platelet membrane (g1yco)proteins involved in platelet‐platelet )aggre‐ gation) and platelet‐vessel wall (adhesion) interactions.
A Review on Process Monitoring and Control in Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing (2014)

There is consensus among both the research and industrial communities, and even the general public, that additive manufacturing (AM) processes capable of processing metallic materials are a set of game changing technologies that offer unique capabilities with tremendous application potential that cannot be matched by traditional manufacturing technologies. Unfortunately, with all what AM has to offer, the quality and repeatability of metal parts still hamper significantly their widespread as viable manufacturing processes. This is particularly true in industrial sectors with stringent requirements on part quality such as the aerospace and healthcare sectors. One approach to overcome this challenge that has recently been receiving increasing attention is process monitoring and real-time process control to enhance part quality and repeatability. This has been addressed by numerous research efforts in the past decade and continues to be identified as a high priority research goal. In this review paper, we fill an important gap in the literature represented by the absence of one single source that comprehensively describes what has been achieved and provides insight on what still needs to be achieved in the field of process monitoring and control for metal-based AM processes.
Un Dieu sadique : le rôle de l’image blasphématoire de Dieu dans Dolce agonia de Nancy Huston (2013)

The present article seeks to analyze the way in which the blasphemous figure of God in Dolce agonia by Nancy Huston allows the author to describe the sacred element in human life, seen as deprived of transcendental character. This is possible thanks to the three aspects of the text dependent on the type of God’s figure, which are: the contrast between passages marked by the cynical God’s voice and passages focused on man’s life filled with suffering; the tone and the appropriation of time var-iations and, finally, the double character of God who, at the same time, is indifferent to man’s lot while touched by his capacity of love.
Synthesen kondensierter Triazine, III <sup>1)</sup> Weitere Synthesen von oxo‐ <i>s</i> ‐triazinen und kondensierten Triazolen (1976)

N-(Dichlormethylen)benzamid (1a) reagiert mit 2-Aminochinolin zum N-Benzoylguanidin-Derivat 4a und dem kondensierten Oxo-s-triazin 3. Weder 1a noch 2,2,2-Trichlor-N-(dichlor-methylen)acetamid (1c) liefern mit 2-Amino-3-äthyl-6-methylpyridin (8) das kondensierte Oxo-s-triazin, sondern lediglich die entsprechenden Guanidin-Derivate 4b, 5b bzw. 7b. 1c reagiert mit 1-Aminoisochinolin (10) zum s-Triazin 11 das unabhängig aus 2,2,2-Trifluor-N-(1-isochinolyl)acetamidin (12) und Phosgen erhalten wird. Ausgehend von Chlordifluoracetonitril werden nach bekannten Verfahren kondensierte Oxo-s-triazine sowie kondensierte s-triazole bereitet. Syntheses of Condensed Triazines, III1) Further Syntheses of Oxo-s-trizines and Condensed Triazoles N-(Dichloromethylene)benzamide (1a) reacts with 2-aminoquinoline to give the N-benzoylguanidine derivative 4a and the condensed oxo-s-triazine 3. Neither 1a nor 2,2,2-trichloro-N-(dichloromethylene)acetamide (1b) or N-(dichloromethylene)2,2,2-trifluoroacetamide (1c) – obtained only in solution – react with 2-amino-3-ethyl-6-methylpyridine (8) to give the condensed oxo-s-triazine. Instead the corresponding guanidine derivatives 4b, 5b and 7b are obtained. 1c reacts with 1-aminoisoquinoline (10) to yield the s-triazine 11 which is synthesized independently form 2,2,2-trifluoro-N-(1-isoquinolyl)acetamidine (12) and phosgene. With chlorodifluoroacetonitrile as starting material condensed oxo-s-triazines and also condensed s-triazoles are prepared by known procedures.
Central Nervous System Failure in Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Lymphoid Blast Crisis and Philadelphia Chromosome Positive Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Treated with Imatinib (STI-571) (2003)

Isolated central nervous system (CNS) relapse occurred in 5 out of 24 patients (20.8%) with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) lymphoid blast crisis (2), Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) (2) or CML with biphenotypic markers (1) treated on imatinib mesylate (IM) protocols at our institution. CNS relapse occurred despite peripheral blood (5) and bone marrow (3) complete responses. Median time to CNS relapse was day 32 (range 23 to 100). This observation raised the possibility that IM may not penetrate into the CNS. Simultaneous plasma and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) IM levels were determined in four subsequent patients by liquid chromatography and mass spectrophotometric assay. Levels of IM were found to be approximately two logs lower in CSF than in plasma (0.044 microg/ml (0.088 +/- 0.029 micrro) vs 3.27 microg/ml (6.54 +/- 0.93 microM)). CSF levels were substantially below the concentration required for inhibition of BCR-ABL and killing of cell lines in vitro. These results suggest that IM may not penetrate the intact blood/brain barrier and its implications are discussed.
Developing intelligent micro-mechanisms (2002)

Nowadays, MEMS and VLSI technologies produce sensors of increasing performance and functionality, microcontrollers generate an increasing amount of processing power in a small volume, and motors are getting as small as 1.9 mm in diameter. However, putting these elements together is still a challenge. For instance, one can buy or develop a very small video camera subset, but how to make it move using 2 motors of 5 mm in diameter, how to sense precisely the position and move as fast as the human eye, the constraints being a simple processor, a volume under 1 cubic inch, and a price compatible with mass distribution? Similar examples can be given for the medical and toy market. The 1 cm/sup 3/ robot contest is a good exercise for getting trained with miniature systems, and increase their intelligence. New approaches have to be taken in order to find efficient ideas for 3-D design, to solve the difficulty of machining and assembling miniature mechanical parts, to convert high speed motor rotation into the required movement, and to take care of the fragility of wires and the lack of really small connectors. Even software development and debugging need a new methodology. Fast prototyping is required in this field to test the new parts in real environments and to develop demonstrators that will convince about the feasibility of the product.
The radial dimension of a supersonic jet expansion from conical nozzle (2016)

In a laser-cluster interaction experiment, the radial dimension of a supersonic gas jet is an important parameter for the characterization of interaction volume. It is noted that due to the lateral gas expansion, the diameter of a supersonic gas jet is larger than the idealized diameter of a gas jet from a conical nozzle. In this work the effect of the lateral expansion on the radial dimension of gas jet was investigated by simulations. Based on the simulation results, the diameter of gas jet l was compared in detail with the corresponding diameter lT in the idealized straight streamline model and the diameter lH at a half of maximum atom density of gas jet. The results reveal how the deviation of l from lT (lH) changes with respect to the opening angles of conical nozzles, the heights above the nozzle, the nozzle lengths and the gas backing pressures. It is found that the diameter of gas jet l is close to the idealized diameter lT and lH in the case where a long conical nozzle with a large opening angle is used under a low gas backing pressure. In this case, the effect of the lateral expansion is so weak that the edge of gas jet becomes sharp and the radial distribution of atom density in gas jet tends to be uniform. The results could be useful for the characterization of a supersonic gas jet.