gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbiotic host specificity between leguminous plants and rhizobia is determined by substituted and acylated glucosamine oligosaccharide signals (1994)

Rhizobia are nitrogen-fixing bacteria which invade root hairs of leguminous plants and induce, in a specific manner, the formation of root nodules in which they fix nitrogen. The early steps of the symbiosis can be considered as a reciprocal molecular communication between the two partners. Initially, the plant excretes a gene inducer which stimulates the expression of bacterial nodulation genes. These nodulation genes are responsible for the synthesis of extracellular host-specific signals, called nodulation factors. The bacterial nodulation factors were isolated and structurally identified as substituted and N-acylated chitin oligosaccharides. These prokaryotic lipo-oligosaccharide signals play a key role in the symbiosis by controlling the host specificity of the bacteria. They constitute a new class of signalling molecules able to elicit nodule organogenesis in leguminous plants in the absence of bacteria.
Concurrent Parkinson tremors (2000)

1. Concurrent resting and postural tremors of patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were monitored using transducers responding to angular velocity of rotation. Spectra and correlation functions were calculated for each pair of records. 2. When concurrent tremor spectra share indistinguishable fundamental frequencies, have statistically significant peaks in their coherence spectra at those fundamental frequencies, and show significant peaks in their cross-correlation functions near zero delay, they are classified as linearly dependent. When such tremor records are superimposed, their phase-locked behaviour is evident. 3. Pairs of correlated concurrent tremors, of varying duration, have been observed in both hands, both feet and in either hand and the contralateral or ipsilateral foot. Correlated tremors may be concurrent with other tremors that are independent. We hypothesize that correlated Parkinson tremors arise from one or more common (and possibly unilateral) central sources.
Lowering HAMR Near-Field Transducer Temperature via Inverse Electromagnetic Design (2015)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) allows for data writing in hard disks beyond 1 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> areal density, by temporarily heating the area of a single bit to its Curie temperature. The metallic optical antenna or near-field transducer (NFT), used to apply the nanoscale heating to the media, may self-heat by several hundreds of degrees. With the NFT reaching such extreme temperatures, demonstrations of HAMR technology experience write-head lifetimes that are orders of magnitude less than that required for a commercial product. Hence, heating of the NFT is of upmost importance. In this paper, we first derive fundamental limits on the temperature ratio NFT/Media to drive NFT design choices for low-temperature operation. Next, we employ inverse electromagnetic design software, which solves for unexpected geometries of the NFT and waveguide. We present computationally generated designs for the waveguide feeding the NFT that offer a 50% reduction in NFT self-heating (~220 °C) compared with typical industry designs.
Developing and Assembling the Law School Admission Test (2005)

Standardized tests are useful for assessing an individual’s potential to succeed in various endeavors. In addition, institutions use them to measure student achievement and to measure the efficacy of pedagogical approaches. Operations research tools can help those developing rigorous standardized tests. Our mixed-integer program (MIP) provides a model for assembling forms for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). Since 2002, our LSAT assembler—software we developed using a Monte Carlo approach—has produced test forms meeting all specifications. This software has saved thousands of hours of personnel time.
Cobaltabisdicarbollide anion receptor for enantiomer-selective membrane electrodes (2009)

A potentiometric sensor for enantiomers has been prepared with no chiral additives, only cobaltabisdicarbollide and the protonated enantiomer.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) (1983)

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC): Open-cylce and closed cycle, leassons learned, OTEC resource, challenges, global market
The structure of cephalosporin C (1961)

Research Article| May 01 1961 The structure of cephalosporin C E P Abraham; E P Abraham 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. G. F. Newton G. G. F. Newton 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1961) 79 (2): 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0790377 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation E P Abraham, G. G. F. Newton; The structure of cephalosporin C. Biochem J 1 May 1961; 79 (2): 377–393. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0790377 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1961 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1961 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Discovery and Development of Vemurafenib: First‐in‐Class Inhibitor of Mutant BRAF for the Treatment of Cancer (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Discovery and Development of Vemurafenib (PLX4032) Pharmacology Clinical Efficacy and Safety Companion Diagnostic (cobas 4800) Development Synthesis Summary
Cardiotoxicity and other adverse events associated with mitoxantrone treatment for MS (2010)

Based on cardiac and laboratory assessments, mitoxantrone was reasonably well tolerated. However, cardiotoxicity was evident after doses well below current maximum recommended levels. A dose-response effect was not apparent. Findings emphasize the importance of monitoring; the long-term effects of mitoxantrone in multiple sclerosis require investigation.
Optical chaos and hybrid WDM/TDM based large capacity quasi-distributed sensing network with real-time fiber fault monitoring (2015)

An optical chaos and hybrid wavelength division multiplexing/time division multiplexing (WDM/TDM) based large capacity quasi-distributed sensing network with real-time fiber fault monitoring is proposed. Chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) intensity demodulation is adopted to improve the dynamic range of the measurements. Compared with the traditional sensing interrogation methods in time, radio frequency and optical wavelength domains, the measurand sensing and the precise locating of the proposed sensing network can be simultaneously interrogated by the relative amplitude change (RAC) and the time delay of the correlation peak in the cross-correlation spectrum. Assisted with the WDM/TDM technology, hundreds of sensing units could be potentially multiplexed in the multiple sensing fiber lines. Based on the proof-of-concept experiment for axial strain measurement with three sensing fiber lines, the strain sensitivity up to 0.14% RAC/με and the precise locating of the sensors are achieved. Significantly, real-time fiber fault monitoring in the three sensing fiber lines is also implemented with a spatial resolution of 2.8 cm.
Prostate Cancer Tumor Grade Differentiation with Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging in the Rat: Comparison of Macromolecular and Small-Molecular Contrast Media—Preliminary Experience (1999)

Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging permits differentiation of histopathologic prostatic tumor types. Quantitative microvascular permeability characteristics estimated from macromolecular CM-enhanced data were significantly superior to those derived from small-molecular CM-enhanced data.
Silver as biocides in burn and wound dressings and bacterial resistance to silver compounds (2006)

Silver products have been used for thousands of years for their beneficial effects, often for hygiene and in more recent years as antimicrobials on wounds from burns, trauma, and diabetic ulcers. Silver sulfadiazine creams (Silvazine and Flamazine) are topical ointments that are marketed globally. In recent years, a range of wound dressings with slow-release Ag compounds have been introduced, including Acticoat, Actisorb Silver, Silverlon, and others. While these are generally accepted as useful for control of bacterial infections (and also against fungi and viruses), key issues remain, including importantly the relative efficacy of different silver products for wound and burn uses and the existence of microbes that are resistant to Ag+. These are beneficial products needing further study, although each has drawbacks. The genes (and proteins) involved in bacterial resistance to Ag have been defined and studied in recent years.
PKG-VUL: Security Vulnerability Evaluation and Patch Framework for Package-Based Systems (2009)

In information security and network management, attacks based on vulnerabilities have grown in importance. Malicious attackers break into hosts using a variety of techniques. The most common method is to exploit known vulnerabilities. Although patches have long been available for vulnerabilities, system administrators have generally been reluctant to patch their hosts immediately because they perceive the patches to be annoying and complex. To solve these problems, we propose a security vulnerability evaluation and patch framework called PKG-VUL, which evaluates the software installed on hosts to decide whether the hosts are vulnerable and then applies patches to vulnerable hosts. All these operations are accomplished by the widely used simple network management protocol (SNMP). Therefore, system administrators can easily manage their vulnerable hosts through PKG-VUL included in the SNMP-based network management systems as a module. The evaluation results demonstrate the applicability of PKG-VUL and its performance in terms of devised criteria.
A context-aware and Intelligent Dynamic Channel Selection scheme for cognitive radio networks (2009)

The tremendous growth in ubiquitous low-cost wireless applications that utilize the unlicensed spectrum bands has laid increasing stress on the limited and scarce radio spectrum resources. Given that the licensed or Primary Users (PUs) are oblivious to the presence of unlicensed or Secondary Users (SUs), Cognitive Radio (CR) is a new paradigm in wireless communication that allows the SUs to detect and use the underutilized licensed spectrums opportunistically and temporarily. In this paper, we propose a Context-aware and Intelligent Dynamic Channel Selection scheme that helps SUs to select channel adaptively for data transmission to enhance QoS, particularly throughput and delay. Our scheme is suitable for CR networks with mobile hosts. We formulate and design our scheme using Reinforcement Learning that offers a simple and yet practical solution. Channel heterogeneity, which is a feature unique to CR networks that has been ignored in previous studies, is considered in this paper. Simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme achieves very good performance.
Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) for Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) (2011)

This document describes the usage of the Datagram Transport Layer
Security (DTLS) protocol over the Stream Control Transmission Protocol
(SCTP). The user of DTLS over SCTP can take advantage of most of the
features provided by SCTP and its extensions, especially support of o
multi-homing to provide network level fault tolerance. o dynamic
reconfiguration of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. o multiple streams to
avoid head of line blocking. o unordered delivery. o dynamic
reconfiguration of streams. o partially reliable data transfer.
However, the DTLS maximum user message size limit of 2^14 bytes
applies also to DTLS over SCTP. Since DTLS over SCTP uses the SCTP-
AUTH extension, the DTLS user can not manage the keying material,
since this is done by the DTLS layer.
A Physics-Based Deep Learning Approach to Shadow Invariant Representations of Hyperspectral Images (2017)

This paper proposes the Relit Spectral Angle-Stacked Autoencoder, a novel unsupervised feature learning approach for mapping pixel reflectances to illumination invariant encodings. This work extends the Spectral Angle-Stacked Autoencoder so that it can learn a shadow-invariant mapping. The method is inspired by a deep learning technique, Denoising Autoencoders, with the incorporation of a physics-based model for illumination such that the algorithm learns a shadow invariant mapping without the need for any labelled training data, additional sensors, a priori knowledge of the scene or the assumption of Planckian illumination. The method is evaluated using datasets captured from several different cameras, with experiments to demonstrate the illumination invariance of the features and how they can be used practically to improve the performance of high-level perception algorithms that operate on images acquired outdoors.
Did High-Powered Money Rule the Roost? Monetary Policy, Private Behaviour and the Structure of Interest Rates in the United Kingdom: 1972–77 (1987)

Asset Price Expectation Formation (APEX) equations are derived by inverting theoretically plausible asset demand functions under the maintained assumptions of continuous market clearing and unbiased expectations. In this paper, I argue that APEX equations can be used in empirical research aimed at circumventing the Lucas critique. The results of this work suggest that the mean-variance model with rational expectations can explain a significant proportion of the movement in UK asset returns during 1972–7. The results also suggest that the authorities' avowed strategy of pegging short-term interest rates was correctly perceived by private agents and incorporated into their estimate of the covariance matrix of asset returns. A by-product of this study is that descriptive models of the variance of a time series do not necessarily contain any information about the risks and welfare losses actually incurred by agents facing this data.
Novel Low-Temperature Double Passivation Layer in Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Transistors (1997)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride ( a-SiN x :H) films fabricated by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperatures (<150° C) tend to be oxidized within one month because of their porous structure which permits the percolation of H 2 O (moisture) molecules from air. The a-SiN x :H film deposited at a low temperature of 100° C oxidizes more quickly (within 1 day) due to its greater porosity. However, it is found that a very thin coating ( >6.4 nm) of PECVD a-Si:H can prevent the percolation of H 2 O molecules. Hence, for a-Si:H thin film transistor (TFT) with a 100° C-deposited 470-nm-thick a-SiN x :H passivation layer, the ON/OFF current ratio will be degraded by ∼2 orders of magnitude after 7 days of exposure to air. On the other hand, for the 100° C-deposited a-SiN x :H passivation layer with an additional 100° C-deposited 50-nm-thick a-Si:H coating, the measured ON/OFF current ratio does not show any sings of degradation for up to one week. Therefore, a novel low-temperature (<150° C) water-resistant a-Si:H coating on a a-SiN x :H passivation layer deposited at the same temperature, which can be consecutively processed using the same PECVD system without breaking the vacuum, is proposed.
<i>Escherichia coli</i>Enterotoxin B Subunit Triggers Apoptosis of CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells by Activating Transcription Factor c-Myc (2001)

Heat-labile enterotoxin from enterotoxinogenic Escherichia coli is not only an important cause of diarrhea in humans and domestic animals but also possesses potent immunomodulatory properties. Recently, the nontoxic, receptor-binding B subunit of heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) was found to induce the selective death of CD8(+) T cells, suggesting that EtxB may trigger activation of proapoptotic signaling pathways. Here we show that EtxB treatment of CD8(+) T cells but not of CD4(+) T cells triggers the specific up-regulation of the transcription factor c-myc, implicated in the control of cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. A concomitant elevation in Myc protein levels was also evident, with peak expression occurring 4 h posttreatment. Preincubation with c-myc antisense oligodeoxynucleotides demonstrated that Myc expression was necessary for EtxB-mediated apoptosis. Myc activation was also associated with an increase of IkappaBalpha turnover, suggesting that elevated Myc expression may be dependent on NF-kappaB. When CD8(+) T cells were pretreated with inhibitors of IkappaBalpha turnover and NF-kappaB translocation, this resulted in a marked reduction in both EtxB-induced apoptosis and Myc expression. Further, a non-receptor-binding mutant of EtxB, EtxB(G33D), was shown to lack the capacity to activate Myc transcription. These findings provide further evidence that EtxB is a signaling molecule that triggers activation of transcription factors involved in cell survival.
Cerebral Perfusion Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease (1987)

We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study 15 patients with Alzheimer's disease and nine controls. Iofetamine hydrochloride I 123 uptake data were recorded from the entire brain using a rotating gamma camera. Activity ratios were measured for the frontal, posterior parietal, posterior, medial, and lateral cortical temporal regions and striate cortex and were normalized by the activity in the cerebellum. Abnormalities in iofetamine hydrochloride I 123 activity were similar to the abnormalities in glucose metabolism observed with positron emission tomography. Cortical tracer activity was globally depressed in patients with Alzheimer's disease, with the greatest reduction in the posterior parietal cortex.
Turfgrass Maintenance Reduction Handbook: Sports, Lawns, and Golf (2000)

Strategies of Lower Maintenance Turf. Performance of the Traditional Turf Species under Reduced Maintenance. Grasses That Demand Less Maintenance. Unconventional Grasses and Grass--Like Plants. Choosing the Best Grass for Your Location. Mixing Turfgrasses. Turf Establishment and Renovation. Turf Soils. Using Less Fertilizer. Conserving Water. Lighten Your Mowing. Trim Your Pesticide Budget. Appendix: A Catalog of Unconventional Grasses. References. Index.
Wize Mirror - a smart, multisensory cardio-metabolic risk monitoring system (2016)

In the recent years personal health monitoring systems have been gaining popularity, both as a result of the pull from the general population, keen to improve well-being and early detection of possibly serious health conditions and the push from the industry eager to translate the current significant progress in computer vision and machine learning into commercial products. One of such systems is the Wize Mirror, built as a result of the FP7 funded SEMEOTICONS (SEMEiotic Oriented Technology for Individuals CardiOmetabolic risk self-assessmeNt and Self-monitoring) project. The project aims to translate the semeiotic code of the human face into computational descriptors and measures, automatically extracted from videos, multispectral images, and 3D scans of the face. The multisensory platform, being developed as the result of that project, in the form of a smart mirror, looks for signs related to cardio-metabolic risks. The goal is to enable users to self-monitor their well-being status over time and improve their life-style via tailored user guidance. This paper is focused on the description of the part of that system, utilising computer vision and machine learning techniques to perform 3D morphological analysis of the face and recognition of psycho-somatic status both linked with cardio-metabolic risks. The paper describes the concepts, methods and the developed implementations as well as reports on the results obtained on both real and synthetic datasets.
Lead-free piezoceramics with giant strain in the system Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–BaTiO3–K0.5Na0.5NbO3. I. Structure and room temperature properties (2008)

Lead-free piezoelectric ceramics, (1−x−y)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3–xBaTiO3–yK0.5Na0.5NbO3 (0.05⩽x⩽0.07 and 0.01⩽y⩽0.03), have been synthesized by a conventional solid state sintering method. The room temperature ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of these ceramics were studied. Based on the measured properties, the ceramics were categorized into two groups: group I compositions having dominant ferroelectric order and group II compositions displaying mixed ferroelectric and antiferroelectric properties at room temperature. A composition from group II near the boundary between these two groups exhibited a strain as large as ∼0.45% at an electric field of 8kV∕mm. Polarization in this composition was not stable in that the piezoelectric coefficient d33 at zero electric field was only about 30pm∕V. The converse piezoelectric response becomes weaker when the composition deviated from the boundary between the groups toward either the ferroelectric or antiferroelectric compositions. These results were rationalized based on a field induced antiferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition.
Control of crosslinking for tailoring collagen-based scaffolds stability and mechanics (2015)

This work developed collagen and gelatine-based scaffolds with structural, material and biological properties suitable for use in myocardial tissue regeneration. The novelty and significance of this research consist in elucidating the effect of the composition, origin of collagen and crosslinking concentration on the scaffold physical and cell-binding characteristics. We demonstrate that the standard carbodiimide concentrations used to crosslink collagenous scaffolds are up to 100 times higher than required for mechanical integrity in service, and stability against dissolution. The importance of this finding is that, by reducing crosslinking, the corresponding cell-reactive carboxylate anions (essential for integrin-mediated binding) remain intact and the native scaffold chemistry is retained. This offers a major step forward in the biological performance of tissue engineered scaffolds.
The application of artificial neural networks to the analysis of remotely sensed data (2007)

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have become a popular tool in the analysis of remotely sensed data. Although significant progress has been made in image classification based upon neural networks, a number of issues remain to be resolved. This paper reviews remotely sensed data analysis with neural networks. First, we present an overview of the main concepts underlying ANNs, including the main architectures and learning algorithms. Then, the main tasks that involve ANNs in remote sensing are described. The limitations and crucial issues relating to the application of the neural network approach are discussed. A brief review of the implementation of ANNs in some of the most popular image processing software packages is presented. Finally, we discuss the application perspectives of neural networks in remote sensing image analysis.