gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 responses to sucrose ingested with berries in healthy subjects (2011)

Berries are often consumed with sucrose. They are also rich sources of polyphenols which may modulate glycaemia after carbohydrate ingestion. The present study investigated the postprandial glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) responses to sucrose ingested with berries, in comparison with a similar sucrose load without berries. A total of twelve healthy subjects were recruited to a randomised, single-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. They participated in two meal tests on separate days. The berry meal was a purée (150 g) made of bilberries, blackcurrants, cranberries and strawberries with 35 g sucrose. The control meal included the same amount of sucrose and available carbohydrates in water. Fingertip capillary and venous blood samples were taken at baseline and at 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after starting to eat the meal. Glucose, insulin and GLP-1 concentrations were determined from the venous samples, and glucose also from the capillary samples. Compared to the control meal, ingestion of the berry meal resulted in lower capillary and venous plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations at 15 min (P = 0·021, P < 0·007 and P = 0·028, respectively), in higher concentrations at 90 min (P = 0·028, P = 0·021 and P = 0·042, respectively), and in a modest effect on the GLP-1 response (P = 0·05). It also reduced the maximum increases of capillary and venous glucose and insulin concentrations (P = 0·009, P = 0·011 and P = 0·005, respectively), and improved the glycaemic profile (P < 0·001 and P = 0·003 for capillary and venous samples, respectively). These results suggest that the glycaemic control after ingestion of sucrose can be improved by simultaneous consumption of berries.
Interfering With DNA Decondensation as a Strategy Against Mycobacteria (2018)

Tuberculosis is once again a major global threat, leading to more than 1 million deaths each year. Treatment options for tuberculosis patients are limited, expensive and characterized by severe side effects, especially in the case of multidrug-resistant forms. Uncovering novel vulnerabilities of the pathogen is crucial to generate new therapeutic strategies. Using high resolution microscopy techniques, we discovered one such vulnerability of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. We demonstrate that the DNA of <i>M. tuberculosis</i> can condense under stressful conditions such as starvation and antibiotic treatment. The DNA condensation is reversible and specific for viable bacteria. Based on these observations, we hypothesized that blocking the recovery from the condensed state could weaken the bacteria. We showed that after inducing DNA condensation, and subsequent blocking of acetylation of DNA binding proteins, the DNA localization in the bacteria is altered. Importantly under these conditions, <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> did not replicate and its survival was significantly reduced. Our work demonstrates that agents that block recovery from the condensed state of the nucleoid can be exploited as antibiotic. The combination of fusidic acid and inhibition of acetylation of DNA binding proteins, via the Eis enzyme, potentiate the efficacy of fusidic acid by 10 and the Eis inhibitor to 1,000-fold. Hence, we propose that successive treatment with antibiotics and drugs interfering with recovery from DNA condensation constitutes a novel approach for treatment of tuberculosis and related bacterial infections.
Graphene and Carbon Nanotube Auxetic Rubber Bionic Composites with Negative Variation of the Electrical Resistance and Comparison with Their Nonbionic Counterparts (2017)

Microorganism metabolic activity can facilitate the formation of cellular material systems that have unusual mechanical and physical properties. In the living world microorganisms are commonly used for preparing porous food by fermentation; here carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and a mix of them are dispersed in liquid silicone rubber with single‐cell fungi of commercial beer yeast. The fermentation of such microorganisms during the gelling of the silicone matrix results in bionic composites with buckled/collapsed cells that infer, as rationalized with an analytical model and excluded in a abiotic experimental comparison, auxetic properties. During stretching it is found that the Poisson's ratio of such composites changes sign, from negative to positive, and the variation of the electrical resistance is negative. In addition to the conductivity increment, a general increment of the stretchability and damage resistance with respect to the composites prepared by abiotic process is observed. Bionic composites, even if in their infancy, can thus be multifunctional and superior to their traditional/abiotic counterparts.
Indigenous capitalism in Ghana (1977)

There are several ‘myths’ about the development of indigenous capitalism in the Third World, which derive from dependency theory. Using case material from Ghana, it is argued that a capitalist class is developing and expanding an already significant base in manufacturing. State aid has been acquired to a limited extent and sometimes by corrupt practice, but often when indigenous capitalists have been well established. Connections with foreign capital, far from limiting the expansion of local capital, have helped in the local acquisition of managerial and technical skills, leading to independence from and competition against foreign capital. These findings are not normally predictable from standard dependency theory, and suggest the possibility of a national capitalist development.
Unilateral Jaccard Similarity Coefficient. (2015)

Similarity measures are essential to solve many pattern recognition problems such as classification, clustering, and retrieval problems. Various similarity measures are categorized in both syntactic and semantic relationships. In this paper we present a novel similarity, Unilateral Jaccard Similarity Coefficient (uJaccard), which doesn’t only take into consideration the space among two points but also the semantics among them.
Procedural Silhouette Edge Drawing (2006)

In the development of computer graphics, non-photorealistic rendering (NPR) technology has been a focus of research in recent years. In comparison with photo-realistic rendering which simulates realistic natural images, NPR provides more concise and humanistic expressiveness in images. Among the many types of workflow in NPR technology, the procedural type provides the user an easier and simplified workflow. However, procedural NPR algorithms usually produce uniform and non-humanistic images due to a lack of interaction with the user.
Since silhouettes are an important feature of edges for expressing the shape of an object, our work takes silhouettes as examples to propose a stroke construction workflow based on edge topology wherein users can combine pure stroke elements according to user-defined rules for their formation. Thus, more humanistic expressions can be added to the resulting silhouettes. First, the procedural NPR framework for stroke generation is outlined. Then, the mainstream NPR techniques and their respective theorems are discussed, followed by an introduction to the framework and algorithm of the proposed system and a discussion thereof. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed framework is illustrated by a sample algorithm, after which pertinent research results are presented.
Semantic Image Segmentation Based on Spatial Context Relations (2012)

In this paper, the semantic image segmentation framework based on spatial context relations is proposed. First, the knowledge representation scheme of an image is introduced, which include fuzzy ontology structure and spatial context relations. For the purpose of the initial labeling of segmented regions, the multiclass fuzzy Support Vector Machine (multi-FSVM) is employed. A new image segmentation algorithm with high-level semantics is proposed, which is based on spatial context relations. At last, the experimental results are illustrated, and the advantage of the proposed image segmentation method is discussed.
Participatory design of a portable torque-feedback device (1992)

Customer-driven design processes such as participatory design can be used to develop new presence, or virtual reality, technology. Chemists worked together with computer company engineers to develop scenarios for how present technology could be used to support future molecular modeling work in drug design. These scenarios led to the development of a portable torque-feedback device which can be used with either workstation or virtual reality technology. This paper discusses both the experience with the participatory design process and the novel features of the portable torque-feedback device.
Accurate broadband on-wafer SOLT calibrations with complex load and thru models (2004)

An improved vector network analyzer calibration approach is demonstrated that utilizes planar lumped short-open-load-thru (SOLT) standards and achieves accuracy comparable to TRL at high frequency, without the commonly occurring errors in TRL at low frequency. The approach relies on complex loadmodels for CPW and microsttip loads that are not currently available in VNA fmware. A non-ideal (lossy) model for the thru line standard is used to enhance results for calibrations involving non-zero length thru lines. GaAs microstrip and CPW substrates were used for the purpose of experimental verification. It is shown that the RF performance changes due to GaAs load fabrication variation can be addressed by "calibrating" or adjusting the load model with the measured DC resistance for a particular load.
BIAcore binding assays. (2015)

<p>a) Association (light gray block) and dissociation (dark grey block) profiles for VHH M1 or M5 binding to MD2004 VLP coupled on the sensor surface. VHH M1 concentrations spanned from 45 to 1226 nM and VHH M5 concentrations spanned from 6 to 167 nM. The surface density of VLPs was 3000 RU for both VHHs. Red lines correspond to the fit of a 1:1 (one step) binding model. b) Sequential binding of VHH M1 and VHH M5 to coupled MD2004 VLPs. VHH M1 injected at 450 nM completely inhibited the binding of 5.57 nM. Inhibition was overcome with 150 nM VHH M5. VHH M5 was injected at 450 nM but did not modulate VHH M1 binding as shown in the case of the 5.57 or 150 nM injection of VHH M1. Contact times for both injections were 180 s. The black profiles correspond to the kinetics of binding of VHH (corresponding case) binding to MD2004 while the red profiles highlight the binding profile in the presence of VHH.</p>
Meeting the nationʼs health manpower needs (1972)

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Introduction (2016)

Life, I sit at your dihliz,Hands holding the bowl of endeavour.In my eyes are desires for a flower-filled spring,On my lips lie grievances of the indifference of time.Life, I sit at your dihliz.
Retropalatal Airway Characteristics in Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty Compared With Transpalatal Advancement Pharyngoplasty (1997)

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) is reported successful in treatment of obstructive sleep apnea for approximately 50% of patients. Several modifications of the procedure have been described, including transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty, which resects a portion of posterior hard palate and advances the soft palate anteriorly. Comparing effectiveness of different techniques based on sleep and respiratory data is confounded by multiple variables including clinical failure at nonsurgical sites and imprecise patient selection techniques. Since pharyngeal surgical procedures prevent collapse and obstruction by structurally modifying the upper airway, measuring structural changes in size and collapsibility provides a method to compare techniques. To evaluate whether transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty is more effective in modifying upper airway characteristics than UPPP, upper airway cross-sectional size and collapsibility were measured after UPPP and transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty. Six patients were evaluated using a quantitative endoscopic technique. After transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty maximal retropalatal airway size increased 321% from 29.7 +/- 9.9 to 95.3 +/- 16 mm2 (P < 0.01), and retropalatal closing pressure decreased from 4.7 +/- 1.6 to -3.8 +/- 0.7 cm/H2O (P < 0.01) compared with UPPP. Respiratory disturbance index decreased from 74.5 +/- 13.5 to 29.2 +/- 9 events/hour postoperatively (P < 0.05). Results support the conclusion that transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty increases retropalatal size and decreases retropalatal collapsibility compared with UPPP. Since these characteristics are postulated to contribute to increased stability during sleep, transpalatal advancement pharyngoplasty may potentially improve UPPP outcome in selected patients with small retropalatal airway areas after traditional surgery.
A data-flow processor for real-time low-level image processing (1991)

A chip featuring two coupled data-flow processors (DFPs) has been designed. It is to be mesh-connected into large processor arrays dedicated primarily to image processing. Each processor operates on 25 MBytes/s data-flows and performs up to 50 million 8- or 16-bit arithmetic operations per second. The chip has been processed in a 1 mu m CMOS technology. It includes 160000 transistors in a 84 mm/sup 2/ die size area, its clock is at 25 MHz and it is packaged in a 144-pin PGA package. Computations are performed on the fly on a data-flow that comes from a digital video camera. One physical operator is associated to each operation involved in the algorithm. An experimental data-flow system including eight processors in a 2*2*2 3D network has been built. Edge detection, row sums, column sums and histograms have been implemented on it at digital video speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Biochemistry of the Isoprostane, Neuroprostane, and Isofuran Pathways of Lipid Peroxidation (2006)

Isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds that are formed non-enzymatically by free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid (C20:4omega6). Intermediates in the pathway of the formation of isoprostanes are labile prostaglandin H2-like bicyclic endoperoxides (H2-isoprostanes). H2-isoprostanes are reduced to form F-ring isoprostanes (F2-isoprostanes), but they also undergo chemical rearrangement in vivo to form E2- and D2-isoprostanes, isothromboxanes, and highly reactive acyclic y-ketoaldehdyes (isoketals). E2- and D2-isoprostanes also undergo dehydration in vivo to form cyclopentenone A2- and J2-isoprostanes. Docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6omega3) is highly enriched in neurons in the brain and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Free radical-catalyzed oxidation of docosahexaenoic acid results in the formation of isoprostane-like compounds (neuroprostanes). F4-, D4-, E4-, A4-, and J4-neuroprostanes and neuroketals have all been shown to be produced in vivo. In addition, we recently discovered a new pathway of lipid peroxidation that forms compounds with a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring (isofurans). Oxygen concentration differentially modulates the formation of isoprostanes and isofurans. As oxygen concentrations increase, the formation of isofurans is favored whereas the formation of isoprostanes becomes disfavored.
Array processors with pipelined optical busses (2002)

A synchronous multiprocessor architecture based on pipelined optical bus interconnections is presented. The processors are placed in a square grid and are interconnected to one another through horizontal and vertical optical buses. This architecture has an effective diameter as small as two owing to its orthogonal bus connections, and it allows all processors to have simultaneous access to the buses owing to its capability for pipelining messages. Although the resulting architecture is meshlike and uses bus connections, it has a substantially higher bandwidth than conventional and bus-augmented mesh computers. Moreover, it has a simple control structure and is universal in that various well-known multiprocessor interconnections can be efficiently embedded in it. This architecture appears to be a good candidate for hybrid optical-electronic systems in the next generation of parallel computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal Structure of a Complex of <i>Escherichia </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i> Glycerol Kinase and an Allosteric Effector Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate<sup>,</sup> (1998)

The three-dimensional structures of Escherichia coli glycerol kinase (GK) with bound glycerol in the presence and absence of one of the allosteric regulators of its activity, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate (FBP), at 3.2 and 3.0 A, are presented. The molecule crystallized in space group P41212, and the structure was solved by molecular replacement. The models were refined with good stereochemistry to final R-factors of 21.1 and 21.9%, respectively. A tetrameric arrangement of monomers was observed which was essentially identical to the proposed inactive tetramer II previously described [Feese, M. D., Faber, H. R., Bystrom, C. E., Pettigrew, D. W., and Remington, S. J. (1998) Structure (in press)]. However, the crystal packing in this form was especially open, permitting the FBP binding site to be occupied and identified. The crystallographic data revealed a most unusual type of FBP binding site formed between two glycine-arginine loops (residues 234-236) where one-half of the binding site is donated by each monomer at the regulatory interface. The molecule of FBP binds in two mutually exclusive modes on a noncrystallographic 2-fold axis at 50% occupancy each; thus, a tetramer of GK binds two molecules of FBP. Ionic interactions between the 1- and 6-phosphates of FBP and Arg 236 were observed in addition to hydrogen bonding interactions between the backbone amide of Gly 234 and the 6-phosphate. No contacts between the protein and the furanose ring were observed. Mutagenesis of Arg 236 to alanine drastically reduced the extent of inhibition of GK by FBP and lowered, but did not eliminate, the ability of FBP to promote tetramer association. These observations are consistent with the previously characterized mechanism of FBP inhibition of GK, in which FBP acts both to promote dimer-tetramer assembly and to inactivate the tetramers.
Blood-Brain Barrier as a Regulatory Interface (2009)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important component of the communication network that connects the central nervous system and peripheral tissues in the control of feeding-related behaviors. Specifically, the BBB acts as an interface that restricts and regulates the exchange of substances between the CNS and blood. Many of the eating-related peptides and regulatory proteins produced by peripheral tissues and with receptors in the brain have been found to cross the BBB. The consequences of BBB permeability to these substances can be viewed from various perspectives. Here, we briefly consider five views relating the BBB and eating. A view of physiologic integration emphasizes the BBB as a conduit that controls a humoral-dependent signaling between the CNS and peripheral tissues. A view of regulation emphasizes that the transporters for many of the eating-related hormones are themselves regulated by physiologic events. This means that blood-to-brain signaling across the BBB is state-dependent and adaptable to the needs of the organism. A view of pathologic dysfunction shows how dysregulation of BBB transporters can result in disease. Resistance to leptin caused by its decreased transport across the BBB in obesity is an example. An evolutionary view emphasizes how the role of the BBB in eating may have evolved and how adaptations to one set of eating conditions can result in maladaptations under other conditions. Finally, the implications of these views for drug development targeted at obesity or anorexia is explored. Overall, these views show the BBB is an integral part of the physiology of eating.
EVALUACIÓN MICROBIOLÓGICA DE UN CUERPO DE AGUA DEL ACR HUMEDALES DE VENTANILLA (CALLAO, PERÚ) Y SU IMPORTANCIA PARA LA SALUD PÚBLICA LOCAL. (2017)

Los humedales son ecosistemas muy importantes en la costa central del Perú. Muchos de estos ambientes están afectados por las poblaciones humanas, quienes también hacen uso de los mismos con fines recreativos. Con el objetivo de realizar un diagnóstico microbiológico de los cuerpos de agua del Área de Conservación Regional (ACR) Humedales de Ventanilla, donde las poblaciones aledañas realizan actividades recreativas, se realizaron muestreos mensuales entre agosto 2014 a julio 2015. En las muestras colectadas se cuantificaron coliformes totales, coliformes termotolerantes, Escherichia coli, y Enterococcus faecalis. Asimismo, se determinó de manera cualitativa la presencia o ausencia de Vibrio spp. y Salmonella spp. en cuatro estaciones donde la población tiene mayor acceso. Para la obtención de los límites máximos permisibles (LMP) se utilizaron los Estándares peruanos de Calidad Ambiental para el Agua (ECA) del año 2008. De las 15 estaciones monitoreadas, seis de ellas presentaron un promedio anual de coliformes totales mayor al LMP (>2000 NMP/100 mL), y para el caso de los coliformes termotolerantes, dos estaciones sobrepasaron los LMP (>1000 NMP/100 mL). La presencia de Vibrio spp. ha sido casi constante en tres de las cuatro estaciones evaluadas. Salmonella spp. estuvo ausente en todos los puntos. Los resultados evidencian que las actividades humanas están alterando los cuerpos de agua, pudiendo convertirlos en un reservorio de microorganismos patógenos para la salud de la población que lo utiliza.
On interactive browsing of large images (2003)

A new effective mechanism is proposed for the browsing of large compressed images over the Internet. The image is compressed with the JPEG 2000 into one single bitstream and put on the server. During the browsing process, the user specifies a region of interest (ROI) with certain spatial and resolution constraint. The browser only downloads the portion of the compressed bitstream that covers the current ROI, and the download is performed in a progressive fashion so that a coarse view of the ROI can be rendered very quickly and then gradually refined as more and more bitstream arrives. In the case of the switch of ROI, e.g., zooming in/out or panning around, the browser uses existing compressed bitstream in cache to quickly render a coarse view of the new ROI, and in the same time, request a new set of compressed bitstream corresponding to the updated view. The system greatly improves the experience of browsing large images over the slow networks.