gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In the Age of Novel Therapies, What Defines High-Risk Multiple Myeloma? (2010)

Multiple myeloma is characterized by clinical and biologic heterogenicity. Recently, genetic analysis has provided predictable prognosis across different types of treatment. These advances have allowed patients to be categorized into different risk groups and have been particularly useful in defining a high-risk group with short survival after standard- and high-dose chemotherapies. Preliminary studies have shown promising outcomes after the use of novel agents, such as bortezomib, thalidomide, and lenalidomide in high-risk patients, including those eligible for autologous stem cell transplantation and those who cannot or will not undergo transplantation. The application of risk-based therapy and the potential of the new agents to abrogate the influence of adverse prognostic features may improve outcomes in these patients.
[Identification of EBV chromosomal integration sites in Raji cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization]. (2009)

This study firstly identifies the EBV integration sites in Raji cells using G banding and FISH. There are some viral integration sites with high frequencies in Raji cells, and EBV integrates into Raji cell genomes non-randomly.
Microwave Heating in the Solid‐Phase Synthesis of <i>N</i>‐Methylated Peptides: When Is Room Temperature Better? (2012)

Abstract The N ‐methylation of backbone amides in synthetic peptides is an important method for improving properties such as bioavailability, stability, as well as structural preferences, and is thus an attractive design strategy. However, the synthesis of N ‐methylated peptides can be challenging as the nucleophile in the acylation step is a sterically hindered secondary amine. In this study, we have systematically evaluated the use of microwave heating, different coupling conditions and the role of steric effects on coupling yields. First, the coupling reagent providing the highest yields was identified by a series of test N ‐acylation reactions on a selected peptide sequence. Secondly, a comparison of the coupling temperature, that is, room temperature versus microwave heating, with the optimal coupling reagent was performed. Finally, under the optimal conditions, a comprehensive study employing a set of sterically hindered N ‐methylated amino acids was conducted. Interestingly, incorporation of Fmoc‐Arg(Pbf)‐OH proceeded with higher yields at room temperature than at elevated temperature as a result of intramolecular Arg lactam formation, which competes with intermolecular amide bond formation. Fmoc‐Arg(Boc) 2 ‐OH provided even lower coupling yields, due to the complete formation of the Arg lactam product. Our studies have led to a robust, rapid, easy and high‐yielding microwave‐assisted method using COMU for the incorporation of Fmoc amino acids into challenging, sterically hindered N ‐methylated amino acid residues in a peptide sequence without the use of harsh reagents.
Novel simple and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible membrane release design and process for thermal sensors (1998)

A novel approach to the design and fabrication of released membrane thermal sensors has been developed. Its advantages are to facilitate processing over the suspended membranes after their liberation, and to allow the design of 1 μm to 100’s of μm deep cavities under the membrane. It consists in sacrificial etching of a layer up to an open silicon area hidden under the membrane, followed by front-side bulk micromachining of silicon under the membrane, to the depth desired. This approach is compatible to complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor commercial fabrication, and only needs one protective coarse lithography step and a few etching without alignment. This approach may be used in the fabrication of low temperature heated membrane gas sensors and thermal pressure sensors, as of thermal sensors in general, since thermal isolation may be optimized to high values.
Supporting precise garbage collection in Java Bytecode-to-C ahead-of-time compiler for embedded systems (2006)

A Java bytecode-to-C ahead-of-time compiler (AOTC) can improve the performance of a Java virtual machine (JVM) by translating bytecode into C code, which is then compiled into machine code via an existing C compiler. Although AOTC is effective in embedded Java systems, a bytecode-to-C AOTC could not easily employ precise garbage collection (GC) due to a difficulty in making a GC map, which keeps information on where each root live object is located when GC occurs. This is one of the reasons why all previous JVMs using a bytecode-to-C AOTC employed conservative GC, which can lead to poorer GC performance with more frequent memory shortage, especially in embedded systems where memory is tight.In this paper, we propose a way of allowing precise GC in a bytecode-to-C AOTC by generating additional C code which collects GC map-equivalent information at runtime. In order to reduce this runtime overhead, we also propose two optimization techniques which remove unnecessary C code. Our experimental results on Sun's CVM indicate that we can support precise GC for bytecode-to-C AOTC with a relatively low overhead.
Host Cell Phenotypic Variability Induced by Trypanosomatid‐Parasite‐Released Immunomodulatory Factors: Physiopathological Implications (2004)

The parasitic protozoa Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania sp release a variety of molecules into their mammalian hosts (ESA: excretory-secretory products). The effects of these ESA on the host cell function may participate in the establishment of a successful infection, in which the parasite persists for a sufficient period of time to complete its life cycle. A number of regulatory components or processes originating from the parasite that control or regulate the metabolism and the growth of host cell have been identified. The purpose of the present review is to analyze some of the current data related to the parasite ESA that interfere with the host cell physiology. Special attention is given to members of conserved protein families demonstrating remarkable diversity and plasticity of function (ie, glutathione S-transferases and related molecules; members of the trans-sialidase and mucin family; and members of the ribosomal protein family). The identification of parasite target molecules and the elucidation of their mode of action toward the host cell represents a step forward in efforts aimed at an immunotherapeutic or pharmacological control of parasitic infection.
Circulating Concentrations of Follistatin-Like 1 in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome as Assessed by an Immunoluminometric Sandwich Assay (2009)

The ILMA permits detection of FSTL1 in human serum and plasma. We expect that the favorable preanalytic characteristics of FSTL1 and the reference limits defined here for apparently healthy individuals will facilitate future studies of FSTL1 as a biomarker in various disease settings, including ACS.
Voltage regulator with additional watchdog function (1990)

An integrated voltage regulator for use in automotive systems that incorporate a microcontroller is described. It can be used to supply systems ranging from ignition control to top-of-the-range car radios. One of its two outputs provides 5 V/50 mA and the other drives an external pnp transistor which delivers an adjustable output voltage. Additional control functions are a watchdog function and input/output monitoring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On unified vehicular communications and radar sensing in millimeter-wave and low terahertz bands (2019)

Future smart vehicles will incorporate high-data-rate communications and high-resolution radar sensing capabilities operating in the millimeter- wave and higher frequencies. These two systems are preparing to share and reuse many common functionalities, such as steerable millimeter- wave antenna arrays. Motivated by this growing overlap, which is advanced further by space and cost constraints, the vehicular community is pursuing a vision of unified vehicular communications and radar sensing that represents a major paradigm shift for next-generation connected and self-driving cars. This article outlines a path to materialize this decisive transformation. We begin by reviewing the latest developments in hybrid vehicular communications and radar systems, and then propose a concept of unified channel access over millimeter-wave and higher frequencies. Our supporting system-level performance characterization relies upon real-life measurements and extensive ray-based modeling to confirm the significant improvements brought by our proposal to mitigating the interference and deafness effects. Since our results aim to open the door to unified vehicular communications and radar sensing, we conclude by outlining the potential research directions in this rapidly developing field.
A mining of design on ontology of Martin Heidegger (2012)

본 연구는 하이데거의 존재론을 바탕으로, 인간이 자신만의 유일하고 고유한 삶을 자신의 의지대로 살기를 결심함으로써, 자신에게 주어진 불만족스러운 환경을 자신에게 만족스러운 환경으로 변화시켜가는 존재임을 살펴보았다. 즉 인간은 자신의 의지와 상관없이 이 세계에 내던져진 존재, 불완전한 존재에 불과하지만, 죽음이라는 사건을 통해 자신에게 주어진 삶이 오직 자기만의 유일하고 고유한 사건임을 깨닫고, 이를 통해 자기 자신만의 세계를 디자인해내는 존재이기도 함을 살펴보았다.<BR> 디자인의 궁극적인 목적은 바로 이러한 행위, 불만족스럽고 불완전한 현실을 만족스럽고 완벽한 현실로 바꾸어내는데 있다고 할 수 있다.
Immunological studies on onchocerciasis. Varying skin hypersensitivity and leucocyte migration inhibition in a clinical spectrum of the disease. (1978)

Soluble antigen was prepared from adult worms and microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus. In 27 patients clinically characterized as having generalized type (17) and localized reaction type (10) onchocerciasis, the response to this antigen was assessed in vivo by skin testing and in vitro by leucocyte migration inhibition assay. Three varieties of skin hypersensitivity were observed: Immediate, Arthus-type and delayed or type IV hypersensitivity. The first 2 occurred in all patients, but type IV hypersensitivity was noted only in 10, eight of whom had localized reactive type onchocerciasis, whilst the other 2 had mild generalized lesions which had for the most part healed with treatment. The leucocyte migration inhibition assay showed a spectrum of responsiveness with significant inhibition in the presence of antigen in 8 patients with localized lesions and in 2 others with mild generalized disease which had largely healed.--The specificity of the skin reaction and leucocyte migration inhibition to the antigen used was confirmed by the results obtained when a control group of 18 subjects, with no evidence of previous filarial infection, was similarly tested. 16 of them showed no skin hypersensitivity and 2 had a doubtful immediate reaction. No significant inhibition of leucocyte migration in the presence of antigen was noted in this group.
Hallucination focused integrated treatment improves quality of life (2004)

Latest information from journals
Cbln family proteins promote synapse formation by regulating distinct neurexin signaling pathways in various brain regions (2011)

Cbln1 (a.k.a. precerebellin) is a unique bidirectional synaptic organizer that plays an essential role in the formation and maintenance of excitatory synapses between granule cells and Purkinje cells in the mouse cerebellum. Cbln1 secreted from cerebellar granule cells directly induces presynaptic differentiation and indirectly serves as a postsynaptic organizer by binding to its receptor, the δ2 glutamate receptor. However, it remains unclear how Cbln1 binds to the presynaptic sites and interacts with other synaptic organizers. Furthermore, although Cbln1 and its family members Cbln2 and Cbln4 are expressed in brain regions other than the cerebellum, it is unknown whether they regulate synapse formation in these brain regions. In this study, we showed that Cbln1 and Cbln2, but not Cbln4, specifically bound to its presynaptic receptor -α and β isoforms of neurexin carrying the splice site 4 insert [NRXs(S4+)] - and induced synaptogenesis in cerebellar, hippocampal and cortical neurons in vitro. Cbln1 competed with synaptogenesis mediated by neuroligin 1, which lacks the splice sites A and B, but not leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein 2, possibly by sharing the presynaptic receptor NRXs(S4+). However, unlike neurexins/neuroligins or neurexins/leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, the interaction between NRX1β(S4+) and Cbln1 was insensitive to extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations. These findings revealed the unique and general roles of Cbln family proteins in mediating the formation and maintenance of synapses not only in the cerebellum but also in various other brain regions.
Direct-detection 16-QAM Nyquist-shaped subcarrier modulation with SSBI mitigation (2015)

We report on the first experimental demonstration of direct-detection dispersion pre-compensated single-sideband Nyquist-pulse-shaped 16-QAM subcarrier modulation (N-SCM) signal transmission using a signal-signal beat interference (SSBI) cancellation technique. The improvement in the system performance through the use of SSBI cancellation, which mitigates the nonlinear distortion caused by the square-law detection, was quantified by simulations and experiments for a 25 Gb/s N-SCM signal occupying an optical bandwidth of 8.75 GHz. A reduction of 3.6 dB in the back-to-back required OSNR at the 7% overhead HD-FEC threshold was achieved. A 1.1 dB increase in the Q <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -factor after transmission over 800 km of uncompensated standard SMF was measured.
High fat diet increases melanoma cell growth in the bone marrow by inducing osteopontin and interleukin 6 (2016)

The impact of metabolic stress induced by obesity on the bone marrow melanoma niche is largely unknown. Here we employed diet induced obese mice model, where mice received high-fat (HFD) or normal diet (ND) for 6 weeks before challenge with B16F10 melanoma cells. Tumor size, bone loss and osteoclasts numbers were assessed histologically in the tibial bones. For defining the molecular pathway, osteopontin knock-out mice, interleukin 6 neutralizing antibody or Janus kinase 2 inhibition were carried out in the same model. Mechanistic studies such as adipocyte-melanoma co-cultures for defining adipocyte induced changes of tumor cell proliferation and expression profiles were also performed. As results, HFD enhanced melanoma burden in bone by increasing tumor area and osteoclast numbers. This process was associated with higher numbers of bone marrow adipocytes expressing IL-6 in direct vicinity to tumor cells. Inhibition of IL-6 or of downstream JAK2 blocked HFD-induced tumor progression. Furthermore, the phenotypic changes of melanoma cells triggered macrophage and osteoclast accumulation accompanied by increased osteopontin expression. Osteopontin triggered osteoclastogenesis and also exerted a positive feedback loop to tumor cells, which was abrogated in its absence. Metabolic stress by HFD promotes melanoma growth in the bone marrow by an increase in bone marrow adipocytes and IL-6-JAK2-osteopontin mediated activation of tumor cells and osteoclast differentiation.
Muc1, a mucin-like protein that is regulated by Mss10, is critical for pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast. (1996)

Pseudohyphal differentiation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was first described as a response of diploid cells to nitrogen limitation. Here we report that haploid and diploid starch-degrading S. cerevisiae strains were able to switch from a yeast form to a filamentous pseudohyphal form in response to carbon limitation in the presence of an ample supply of nitrogen. Two genes, MSS10 and MUC1, were cloned and shown to be involved in pseudohyphal differentiation and invasive growth. The deletion of MSS10 resulted in extremely reduced amounts of pseudohyphal differentiation and invasive growth, whereas the deletion of MUC1 abolished pseudohyphal differentiation and invasive growth completely. Mss10 appears to be a transcriptional activator that responds to nutrient limitation and coregulates the expression of MUC1 and the STA1-3 glucoamylase genes, which are involved in starch degradation. MUC1 encodes a 1367-amino acid protein, containing several serine/threonine-rich repeats. Muc1 is a putative integral membrane-bound protein, similar to mammalian mucin-like membrane proteins that have been implicated to play a role in the ability of cancer cells to invade other tissues.
Functional modulation of a peroxygenase cytochrome P450: novel insight into the mechanisms of peroxygenase and peroxidase enzymes (2002)

Cytochrome P450(BSbeta) is a peroxygenase that catalyzes the alpha- or beta-hydroxylation of myristic acid by utilizing H(2)O(2). The wild-type enzyme not only hydroxylated myristic acid, but oxidized 3,5,3',5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), a peroxidase substrate, in a myristic acid-dependent reaction. Study of inhibition of hydroxylation of myristic acid by TMB indicates these two substrates compete for the same highly reactive intermediate during the course of their respective reactions. When deuterated myristic acid was used as a substrate to decrease hydroxylation activity, the rate of TMB oxidation increased. This increased rate of TMB oxidation was greatly enhanced when the R242K mutant enzyme bound with deuterated myristic acid was used. These results suggest that there are critical structural elements at the distal active site which determine whether this enzyme acts as a peroxygenase or a peroxidase.
Enhancement of terahertz photoconductive antenna operation by optical nanoantennas (2017)

Photoconductive antennas are promising sources of terahertz radiation that is widely used for spectroscopy, characterization, and imaging of biological objects, deep space studies, scanning of surfaces, and detection of potentially hazardous substances. These antennas are compact and allow for generation of both ultrabroadband pulses and tunable continuous wave terahertz signals at room temperatures, with no need for high-power optical sources. However, such antennas have relatively low energy conversion efficiency of femtosecond laser pulses or two close pump wavelengths (photomixers) into the pulsed and continuous terahertz radiation, correspondingly. Recently, an approach to solving this problem that involves known methods of nanophotonics applied to terahertz photoconductive antennas and photomixers has been proposed. This approach comprises the use of optical nanoantennas for enhancing the absorption of pump laser radiation in the antenna gap, reducing the lifetime of photoexcited carriers, and improving the antenna thermal efficiency. This Review is intended to systematize the main results obtained by researchers in this promising field of hybrid optical-to-terahertz photoconductive antennas and photomixers. We summarize the main results on hybrid THz antennas, compare the approaches to their implementation, and offer further perspectives of their development including an application of all-dielectric nanoantennas instead of plasmonic ones.
Context Aware VR Using BLE Beacons (2017)

This paper studies the possibility of bringing context awareness to Virtual Reality applications running on an Android smartphone. By leveraging the tools provided by the Android system to scan and analyze the surrounding environment for Bluetooth Low Energy beacons. The data obtained from the beacons is then broadcasted through the Android system to other applications and Virtual Reality games running on the same Android device. Beacons data contain information about the signal received from each beacon. This data is used to estimate the distance between the beacon and the smartphone. The estimated distance can be used in Virtual Reality applications to change the location of object. The paper proposes a method that achieves the required task from the moment a beacon is detected until the data is passed and used inside the Virtual Reality application. The evaluation of the proposed system is mainly based on the resulted latency, accuracy of the estimated distance and CPU usage. The result shows the latency can be controlled and minimized to ensure smooth Virtual Reality experience.
Gain spectrum equalization of all-optical gain-clamped erbium-doped fiber amplifier (1999)

We experimentally investigate the gain spectrum of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers whose gain is clamped by internal laser oscillation. The gain is ideally clamped and immune to the input signal power in the wavelength range of 17 nm. The clamped gain spectrum is equalized by a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and we achieve the 17-nm-wide uniform gain, which is not dependent on input optical power levels.
PAC Generalization Bounds for Co-training (2002)

The rule-based bootstrapping introduced by Yarowsky, and its co-training variant by Blum and Mitchell, have met with considerable empirical success. Earlier work on the theory of co-training has been only loosely related to empirically useful co-training algorithms. Here we give a new PAC-style bound on generalization error which justifies both the use of confidences — partial rules and partial labeling of the unlabeled data — and the use of an agreement-based objective function as suggested by Collins and Singer. Our bounds apply to the multiclass case, i.e., where instances are to be assigned one of labels for k ≥ 2.
Palladium complexes with Pd→B dative bonds: Analysis of the bonding in the palladaboratrane compound [κ<sup>4</sup>-B(mim<sup>But</sup>)<sub>3</sub>]Pd(PMe<sub>3</sub>) (2006)

The dinuclear complex {[mu-kappa(1),kappa(3)-B(mim(Bu(t)))(3)]Pd}(2), which features a Pd-->B dative bond, may be obtained by the reaction of [Tm(Bu(t))]K with Pd(OAc)(2); treatment of {[mu-kappa(1),kappa(3)-B(mim(Bu(t)))(3)]Pd}(2) with PMe(3) affords the mononuclear boratrane derivative [kappa(4)-B(mim(Bu(t)))(3)]Pd(PMe(3)), for which a molecular orbital analysis indicates that the palladium center possesses a d(8) configuration.
Red Blood Cell Aggregation Versus Blood Clot Formation in Ionic and Nonionic Contrast Media (1988)

The effects of ionic and nonionic radiographic contrast media on human blood in plastic syringes were investigated in an in vitro double-blind study. Venous blood, which was drawn into plastic syringes containing one of four (iohexol, iopamidol, diatrizoate sodium meglumine, and ioxaglate sodium meglumine) contrast media, was visually inspected at predetermined time intervals before and after mixing. Aliquots of the mixtures of blood and contrast media also were evaluated microscopically. Irregular red blood cell (RBC) aggregates were observed with the nonionic contrast media. Pronounced RBC morphologic alterations occurred with diatrizoate (ionic), and marked crenation was observed with ioxaglate (ionic). Observed aggregates were freely disaggregated in isotonic saline. Recovered supernatant blood from centrifuged aliquots of the mixtures was evaluated for clot formation. There was no evidence of blood clot formation within 1 hour after blood was introduced into syringes containing either ionic or nonionic contrast media. This time period exceeded the normal clotting time, since blood in syringes without contrast media formed clots within 30 to 45 minutes. Both the nonionic and ionic contrast media prolonged coagulation.
Design and synthesis of a novel imidazolium-based ionic liquid with planar chirality (2002)

As the first example of a planar chiral ionic liquid, a cyclophane-type imidazolium salt was synthesized; its potential use in chiral recognition was demonstrated by 1H NMR studies.