gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overcoming the hurdles to producing ethanol from cellulose (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVTECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONSNEXTOvercoming the hurdles to producing ethanol from cellulosePrachi Patel-PreddCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006, 40, 13, 4052–4053Publication Date (Web):July 1, 2006Publication History Published online1 July 2006Published inissue 1 July 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es062725uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/es062725unewsACS Publications. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views599Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (104 KB) Get e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cellulose,Ethanol Get e-Alerts
Exploring both sequence detection and restriction endonuclease cleavage kinetics by recognition site via single-molecule microfluidic trapping (2010)

We demonstrate the feasibility of a single-molecule microfluidic approach to both sequence detection and obtaining kinetic information for restriction endonucleases on dsDNA. In this method, a microfluidic stagnation point flow is designed to trap, hold, and linearize double-stranded (ds) genomic DNA to which a restriction endonuclease has been pre-bound sequence-specifically. By introducing the cofactor magnesium, we determine the binding location of the enzyme by the cleavage process of dsDNA as in optical restriction mapping, however here the DNA need not be immobilized on a surface. We note that no special labeling of the enzyme is required, which makes it simpler than our previous scheme using stagnation point flows for sequence detection. Our accuracy in determining the location of the recognition site is comparable to or better than other single molecule techniques due to the fidelity with which we can control the linearization of the DNA molecules. In addition, since the cleavage process can be followed in real time, information about the cleavage kinetics, and subtle differences in binding and cleavage frequencies among the recognition sites, may also be obtained. Data for the five recognition sites for the type II restriction endonuclease EcoRI on λ-DNA are presented as a model system. While the roles of the varying fluid velocity and tension along the chain backbone on the measured kinetics remain to be determined, we believe this new method holds promise for a broad range of studies of DNA-protein interactions, including the kinetics of other DNA cleavage processes, the dissociation of a restriction enzyme from the cleaved substrate, and other macromolecular cleavage processes.
A Short Region Containing an AP‐1 Binding Site Is Essential for Transforming Growth Factor‐beta‐Induced c‐jun Gene Expression in Osteoblastic Cells (2000)

Abstract Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐beta) is a multifunctional regulatory peptide that elicits different responses in different cell types. Much remains unknown about the pathway of intracellular TGF‐beta signal transduction, but TGF‐beta is known to induce expression of several genes by way of the transcription factor AP‐1. We studied the mechanism that mediates TGF‐beta?induced gene expression of c‐jun, a component of AP‐1, in MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells. To map in detail the corresponding responsive elements in the rat c‐jun promoter, we generated a series of 5′ deletion promoter/luciferase reporter gene constructs. Transient cell transfection assays identified the region located between positions ‐79 and ‐59 as being critical for the TGF‐beta response and for the basal activity of the promoter. Gel mobility shift assays indicated specific binding of nuclear proteins to this 21‐bp region of the c‐jun promoter containing an AP‐1 binding site. These results show that the AP1?dependent mechanism is involved in TGF‐beta?induced increase of c‐jun induction, suggesting positive autoregulation of AP‐1.
Sensor technology and signal analysis: High security encryption supervision (2002)

An examination is made of the current approaches to sensor line supervision and their relative effectiveness against the range of easily available circumvention techniques is assessed, compared to encrypted line supervision. Features of high security encrypted line supervision, including encryption techniques, interactive polling, the generation of random data, proprietary algorithms and keys, serial numbers and the processing of such an approach are discussed, including the flexibility offered by miniaturization of the microprocessor controlled circuits and modular system design. How an encryption module can be deployed within an overall high security system is highlighted. Examples of practical applications provide insight into the effective and efficient use of this advanced security technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LIMB Demonstration Project Extension and Coolside Demonstration (1992)

This report presents results from the limestone Injection Multistage Burner (LIMB) Demonstration Project Extension. LIMB is a furnace sorbent injection technology designed for the reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO[sub 2]) and nitrogen oxides (NO[sub x]) emissions from coal-fired utility boilers. The testing was conducted on the 105 Mwe, coal-fired, Unit 4 boiler at Ohio Edison's Edgewater Station in Lorain, Ohio. In addition to the LIMB Extension activities, the overall project included demonstration of the Coolside process for S0[sub 2] removal for which a separate report has been issued. The primary purpose of the DOE LIMB Extension testing, was to demonstrate the generic applicability of LIMB technology. The program sought to characterize the S0[sub 2] emissions that result when various calcium-based sorbents are injected into the furnace, while burning coals having sulfur content ranging from 1.6 to 3.8 weight percent. The four sorbents used included calcitic limestone, dolomitic hydrated lime, calcitic hydrated lime, and calcitic hydrated lime with a small amount of added calcium lignosulfonate. The results include those obtained for the various coal/sorbent combinations and the effects of the LIMB process on boiler and plant operations.
PIK3CA Mutations in Advanced Cancers: Characteristics and Outcomes (2012)

PIK3CA mutations are frequently diagnosed in diverse cancers and may predict response to PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors. It remains unclear whether they are associated with other characteristics. We analyzed characteristics and outcome of 90 consecutive patients with diverse advanced tumors and PIK3CA mutations and 180 wild-type PIK3CA controls matched by tumor type, gender, and age referred to the Clinical Center for Targeted Therapy. PIK3CA and MAPK mutations (KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF) were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction-based DNA sequencing. The most frequent PIK3CA mutations were E545K (31/90, 34%), E542K (16/90, 18%) in exon 9, and H1047R (20/90, 22%) in exon 20. PIK3CA mutations compared to wild-type PIK3CA were associated with simultaneous KRAS (p=0.047) and MAPK mutations (p=0.03), but only MAPK mutations were confirmed as having an independent association in multivariate analysis. Rates of lung, bone, liver and brain metastases were similar in PIK3CA-mutant and wild-type patients. Patients with PIK3CA mutations treated on trials with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors had a higher partial/complete response (PR/CR) rate than wild-type PIK3CA patients treated with their best phase I therapy (10/56, 18% vs. 12/152, 8%; p=0.045), but not a prolonged progression-free survival. Patients with H1047R PIK3CA mutations had higher PR/CR rate with PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors compared to wild-type PIK3CA patients treated with their best phase I therapy (6/16, 38% vs. 12/152, 8%; p=0.003). In conclusion, PIK3CA mutations in diverse cancers were not associated with clinical characteristics, but were correlated with MAPK mutations. PIK3CA mutations, especially, H1047R, were associated with attaining a PR/CR to PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway inhibitors.
Piezo-Electric and Allied Phenomena in Rochelle Salt (1921)

Electric Hysteresis in Rochelle Salt.---On the doublet theory of dielectric action, the dielectric displacement $D$, electric intensity $E$, and the polarization $P$ are analogous to $B$, $H$, and $I$ in the case of magnetism. Rochelle salt shows an electric hysteresis in $P$ analogous to the magnetic hysteresis in the case of iron. The loops obtained are displaced from the origin by an amount which gives a measure of the permanent polarization in the natural state. The moment per unit volume in the natural state is of the order of 50 e.s.u./${\mathrm{cm}.}^{2}$ under ordinary conditions, this being about 13.3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}21}$ e.s.u./${\mathrm{cm}.}^{2}$ per molecule.Piezo-electric Response of Rochelle Salt in an Electric Field.---Mechanical force and electric field are to a certain extent equivalent in producing a change in the piezo-electric moment. Measurements of the piezo-electric response in various applied fields therefore give curves of the same nature as the curves of $\frac{\mathrm{dD}}{\mathrm{dE}}$ against $E$. Accordingly they show maxima displaced from the origin by the effect of permanent polarization.
Human Segmentation, Pose Estimation and Applications (2017)

Automatic analyzing humans in photographs or videos has great potential applications in computer vision containing medical diagnosis, sports, entertainment, movie editing and surveillance, just to name a few.Body, face and hand are the most studied components of humans.Body has many variabilities in shape and clothing along with high degrees of freedom in pose.Face has many muscles causing many visible deformity, beside variable shape and hair style.Hand is a small object, moving fast and has high degrees of freedom.Adding human characteristics to all aforementioned variabilities makes human analysis quite a challenging task.In this thesis, we developed human segmentation in different modalities.In a first scenario, we segmented human body and hand in depth images using examplebased shape warping.We developed a shape descriptor based on shape context and class probabilities of shape regions to extract nearest neighbors.We then considered rigid affine alignment vs. nonrigid iterative shape warping.In a second scenario, we segmented face in RGB images using convolutional neural networks (CNN).We modeled conditional random field with recurrent neural networks.In our model pair-wise kernels are not fixed and learned during training.We trained the network end-to-end using adversarial networks which improved hair segmentation by a high margin.We also worked on 3D hand pose estimation in depth images.In a generative approach, we fitted a finger model separately for each finger based on our example-based rigid hand segmentation.We minimized an energy function based on overlapping area, depth discrepancy and finger collisions.We also applied linear models in joint trajectory space to refine occluded joints based on visible joints error and invisible joints trajectory smoothness.In a CNN-based approach, we developed a tree-structure network to train specific features for each finger and fused them for global pose consistency.We also formulated physical and appearance constraints as loss functions.Finally, we developed a number of applications consisting of human soft biometrics measurement and garment retexturing.We also generated some datasets in this thesis consisting of human segmentation, synthetic hand pose, garment retexturing and Italian gestures.
Risk Management: Will That Be One Compliance Officer or Two? (2011)

How do you feel about 'regulatory compliance?' Do you immediately think about compliance costs, red tape and interference with how you want to run the practice? Or do you think about compliance benefits, non‐compliance risks and accountability for how the practice is run?
In vivo Induction of lnterleukin-1 Bioactivity in Brain Tissue after Intracerebral Infusion of Native gp120 and gp160 (1996)

We have previously reported that intracerebral infusion of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus envelope protein gp 120 induced interleukin-1 (IL-1) bioactivity in rat brain. In this study, we tested the ability of native gp 120 and gp 160 to induce IL-1 activity in rat brain and also examined whether altering the secondary and tertiary structures of these proteins by carboxymethylation could influence the IL-1-inducing effect of these peptides. Results showed that both native gp 120 and gp 160 can induce IL-1 activity in rat brain in vivo, and that intact secondary and tertiary structures of these proteins appear critical for this effect.
Low cost picture-in-picture for color TV receivers (1990)

A monochrome picture-in-picture (PIP) system, whose low-cost design and simplicity has led to successful implementation in high-volume color television products, has been developed. The combination of low-cost ICs, a small, single-sided printed circuit board, and a simple TV receiver interface achieved the cost of design goals while providing PIP functionality. The design philosophy and circuit descriptions used to provide this low-cost PIP product are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, characterization, and 1/T1 NMRD profiles of gadolinium(III) complexes of monoamide derivatives of DOTA-like ligands. X-ray structure of the 10-[2-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino]-1-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-gadolinium(III) complex (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, characterization, and 1/T1 NMRD profiles of gadolinium(III) complexes of monoamide derivatives of DOTA-like ligands. X-ray structure of the 10-[2-[[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl]amino]-1-[(phenylmethoxy)methyl]-2-oxoethyl]-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid-gadolinium(III) complexSilvio Aime, Pier Lucio Anelli, Mauro Botta, Franco Fedeli, Maurizio Grandi, Paola Paoli, and Fulvio UggeriCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 12, 2422–2428Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00038a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00038a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views905Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ultrastructural Localization of Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase (Cyclooxygenase) to Isolated, Purified Fractions of Guinea Pig Peritoneal Macrophage and Line 10 Hepatocarcinoma Cell Lipid Bodies (1993)

Subcellular fractions of purified cytoplasmic, nonmembrane-bound lipid bodies were prepared from [3H]-arachidonic acid-labeled guinea pig peritoneal macrophages and line 10 hepatocarcinoma cells. These fractions, which contained [3H]-arachidonyl lipids, were shown to be devoid of contaminating cellular membranes by electron microscopy, and to contain prostaglandin endoperoxide (PGH) synthase by postembedding immunogold electron microscopy. These findings support a proposed role for these lipid-rich organelles in the generation of eicosanoids by oxidative metabolism of arachidonate in the cyclooxygenase pathway of inflammatory and neoplastic cells.
FTP-FTAM Gateway Specification (1993)

This memo describes a dual protocol stack application layer gateway that performs protocol translation, in an interactive environment, between the FTP and FTAM file transfer protocols.
National Estimate of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance (PFAS) Release to U.S. Municipal Landfill Leachate (2017)

Landfills are the final stage in the life cycle of many products containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) and their presence has been reported in landfill leachate. The concentrations of 70 PFASs in 95 samples of leachate were measured in a survey of U.S. landfills of varying climates and waste ages. National release of PFASs was estimated by coupling measured concentrations for the 19 PFASs where more than 50% of samples had quantifiable concentrations, with climate-specific estimates of annual leachate volumes. For 2013, the total volume of leachate generated in the U.S. was estimated to be 61.1 million m<sup>3</sup>, with 79% of this volume coming from landfills in wet climates (>75 cm/yr precipitation) that contain 47% of U.S. solid waste. The mass of measured PFASs from U.S. landfill leachate to wastewater treatment plants was estimated to be between 563 and 638 kg for 2013. In the majority of landfill leachate samples, 5:3 fluorotelomer carboxylic acid (FTCA) was dominant and variations in concentrations with waste age affected total estimated mass. There were six PFASs that demonstrated significantly higher concentrations in leachate from younger waste compared to older waste and six PFAS demonstrated significant variation with climate.
Minimizing total area of low-voltage SRAM arrays through joint optimization of cell size, redundancy, and ECC (2010)

The increasing power consumption of processors has made power reduction a first-order priority in their design. Voltage scaling is one of the most successful power-reduction techniques introduced to date, but it is limited to some minimum voltage, VDDMIN, below which all components cannot operate reliably. In particular, ever-increasing process variability due to shrinking feature size further degrades the low-voltage reliability of, e.g., SRAM cells. Larger SRAM cells are less sensitive to process variability and their use would allow a reduction in VDDMIN. However, large-scale memory structures, e.g., last-level caches (LLCs) that often determine the VDDMIN of processors, cannot afford to use such large SRAM cells due to the resulting increase in die area. In this paper we propose a joint optimization of LLC cell size, number of redundant cells, and ECC (error-correction coding) strength to minimize total SRAM area while meeting target yields and VDDMIN. The use of redundant cells and ECC enable the use of smaller cell sizes while maintaining target yields and VDDMIN. Smaller cell sizes more than make up for the extra cells required by redundancy and ECC. We first assess each approach individually, i.e., only redundancy or ECC for various cell sizes. We then consider a combined approach and observe significant improvements. For example, in 32nm technology our combined approach yields a 27% reduction in total SRAM area (including redundant cells) when targeting a VDDMIN of 600mV.
Entrevista com a professora Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi (2003)

Entrevista com a professora Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi
Alumina/polymer-coated nanocrystals with extremely high stability used as a color conversion material in LEDs (2013)

The long-term stability of quantum dot (QD)-based devices under harsh environmental conditions has been a critical bottleneck to be resolved for commercial use. Here, we demonstrate an extremely stable QD/alumina/polymer hybrid structure by combining internal atomic layer deposition (ALD) infilling with polymer encapsulation. ALD infilling and polymer encapsulation of QDs synergistically prohibit the degradation of QDs in terms of optical, thermal and humid attacks. Our hybrid QD/alumina/polymer film structure showed no noticeable reduction in photoluminescence even in a commercial grade test (85% humidity at 85°C) over 28 days. In addition, we successfully fabricated a QD-based light-emitting device with excellent long-term stability by incorporating hybrid QD/alumina/polymer film as a color conversion material on light-emitting diode chips.
Determination of alloy scattering potential in Ga1−<i>x</i>Al<i>x</i>As alloys (1985)

Room-temperature Hall mobility as a function of pressure (0–8 kbar) has been measured for high-purity liquid-phase-epitaxy-grown Ga1−xAlxAs layers. GaAs-like band structure of low-composition alloys has also been converted to Si-like band structure at high pressures and the Hall mobility measured as a function of temperature (77≲T≲300 °K) with crystals locked under constant pressures. The data have been analyzed to identify and distinguish the presence of space charge and alloy scatterings both characterized by mobilities limited by T−1/2. The space charge scattering has been found to be absent in all the crystals studied except x=0.047. The alloy scattering potential for electrons in the Γ minimum has been shown to depend on the alloy composition with a maximum value of 1.56 eV at x=0.19. For electrons in the X minima, this potential has been found to be independent of composition with a value of only 0.4 eV.