gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Quality Factor in MEMS Devices (2015)

This paper demonstrates and compares different experimental techniques utilized to estimate the quality factor (Q) and natural frequency from non-contact measurements of Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) motions. The relative merits of those techniques are contrasted in Q factor estimation for a cantilever beam MEMS actuator, operated in three configurations: free standing, arc-shaped, and s-shaped. It is found that damping estimation techniques that seek to minimize the deviation between the response of an “assumed” linear oscillator and the measured time-history of the motions are superior to those traditional techniques, such as logarithmic decrement and half-power bandwidth. Further, it is found that Q increases three-fold as the actuator contact with the substrate evolves from a line to an area.
Stability of Al2O3 and Al2O3/a-SiNx:H stacks for surface passivation of crystalline silicon (2009)

The thermal and ultraviolet (UV) stability of crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface passivation provided by atomic layer deposited Al2O3 was compared with results for thermal SiO2. For Al2O3 and Al2O3/a-SiNx:H stacks on 2 Ω cm n-type c-Si, ultralow surface recombination velocities of Seff&lt;3 cm/s were obtained and the passivation proved sufficiently stable (Seff&lt;14 cm/s) against a high temperature “firing” process (&gt;800 °C) used for screen printed c-Si solar cells. Effusion measurements revealed the loss of hydrogen and oxygen during firing through the detection of H2 and H2O. Al2O3 also demonstrated UV stability with the surface passivation improving during UV irradiation.
Corrugated Microstrip Coupled Lines for Constant Absolute Bandwidth Tunable Filters (2010)

This paper presents corrugated coupled lines for miniaturized fixed and tunable microstrip bandpass filters. The novel approach uses microstrip corrugated coupled-line concept to synthesize a coupling coefficient, which maintains a nearly constant absolute bandwidth across the tuning range. A miniaturized two-pole varactor tuned filter is demonstrated with a frequency coverage of 1.32-1.89 GHz and an insertion loss < 3 dB with a constant 1-dB bandwidth of 70 ± 4 MHz across the tuning range. In addition, a three-pole comb-line 4.7% fixed filter at 1.94 GHz shows a 3:1 resonator spacing reduction over the conventional approach with an insertion loss of only 1.1 dB. This technique will allow the design of miniaturized small bandwidth fixed and tunable microstrip filters.
Newly developed semiconductor detectors by Hamamatsu (2008)

We developed the novel photon counting device named Multi-Pixel Photon Counter (MPPC). It is a solid state photon counter using Geiger-mode APD and self-quenching resistor. It has many features like low bias voltage operation, high gain, insensitive to magnetic field and mechanical robustness. The MPPC is one of the products of Si-PM (Silicon Photomultiplier) family, which was originally developed in Russia. HAMAMATSU MPPC is designed as a photon counting device based on structures of a Si APD named "HPK Reverse Structure", which has been adopted by CERN (CMS calorimeter).
Lipolysis and Biohydrogenation of Soybean Oil in the Rumen In Vitro: Inhibition by Antimicrobials (1995)

This experiment attempted to lower rumen lipolytic activity, biohydrogenating activity, or both using antimicrobial compounds. In vitro incubations were carried out with rumen fluid, 80 mg of soybean oil, and .5 g of commercial concentrates as substrate. Unless stated otherwise, the final concentration of the additives in the incubation was 20 ppm. Lipolysis and biohydrogenation were determined by separation of triacylglycer-01s and FFA by TLC; the fatty acid composition of each was determined by GLC before and after incubation and with or without additive. With some of the antibiotics, lipolysis was inhibited 10 to 20%, and the most potent inhibitors were ionophores and amoxicillin. Biohydrogenation (including cl8:1) decreased only for lasalocid, but no additive could prevent hydrogenation of linolenic acid liberated from triacylglycerols. Some additives decreased hydrogenation of linoleic acid, but only slightly. Lipolytic activity decreased VFA production more than the other potent additives (amoxicillin, avoparcin, lasalocid so- dium, monensin, and salinomycin sodium). This result could indicate a more specific toxic effect on lipolytic microbes. Finally, different antimicrobials influenced fermentation patterns differently (VFA proportions and C& production), but shifts were always in accordance with stoichiometric principles.
Extra Virgin Olive Oil Improves Learning and Memory in SAMP8 Mice (2012)

Polyphenols are potent antioxidants found in extra virgin olive oil (EVOO); antioxidants have been shown to reverse age- and disease-related learning and memory deficits. We examined the effects of EVOO on learning and memory in SAMP8 mice, an age-related learning/memory impairment model associated with increased amyloid-β protein and brain oxidative damage. We administered EVOO, coconut oil, or butter to 11 month old SAMP8 mice for 6 weeks. Mice were tested in T-maze foot shock avoidance and one-trial novel object recognition with a 24 h delay. Mice which received EVOO had improved acquisition in the T-maze and spent more time with the novel object in one-trial novel object recognition versus mice which received coconut oil or butter. Mice that received EVOO had improve T-maze retention compared to the mice that received butter. EVOO increased brain glutathione levels suggesting reduced oxidative stress as a possible mechanism. These effects plus increased glutathione reductase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, and decreased tissue levels of 4-hydroxynoneal and 3-nitrotyrosine were enhanced with enriched EVOO (3 × and 5 × polyphenols concentration). Our findings suggest that EVOO has beneficial effects on learning and memory deficits found in aging and diseases, such as those related to the overproduction of amyloid-β protein, by reversing oxidative damage in the brain, effects that are augmented with increasing concentrations of polyphenols in EVOO.
Protease inhibitor expression in soybean roots exhibiting susceptible and resistant interactions with soybean cyst nematode. (2008)

Protease inhibitors play a role in regulating proteases during cellular development and in plant defense. We cloned and sequenced cDNA encoding six protease inhibitors expressed in soybean roots infected with soybean cyst nematode (SCN) and determined their expression patterns. Four of these protease inhibitors are novel and have not been reported previously. Using RT-PCR, we measured the relative transcript levels of each protease inhibitor in roots of the soybean cv. Peking inoculated with either SCN TN8 to examine the expression of protease inhibitors during the susceptible interaction or with SCN NL1-RHg representing the resistant interaction. Within 12 to 24 hours, mRNA transcripts encoding five of the six protease inhibitors were more highly elevated in soybean roots exhibiting the susceptible interaction than the resistant interaction. Transcripts encoding two protease inhibitors possessing Kunitz trypsin inhibitor domains were induced 37- and 27-fold in the susceptible interaction within 1 dpi, but were induced only 5- to 7-fold in roots displaying the resistant interaction. Our results indicate that soybean roots recognize differences between these two SCN populations before the nematodes initiate a feeding site, and accordingly the roots express transcripts encoding soybean protease inhibitors differentially. These transcripts were generally less abundant in roots exhibiting the resistant interaction.
Tools for Automted Statistical Graphics (1981)

The new, user-friendly software packages, analyzed and differentiated here, make statistical graphics more useful and accessible.
Impact crater related surficial deposits on Venus: Multipolarization radar observations with Arecibo (2004)

The distribution of surficial deposits in the vicinity of impact craters on Venus was studied using measurements of the polarization properties of the reflected radar wave. Subsurface scattering of an incident circularly polarized radar signal results in a linearly polarized component in the radar echo due to the differing transmission coefficients at a smooth (at wavelength scales) atmosphere‐surface boundary for the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) linearly polarized components of the incident wave. Arecibo 12.6 cm wavelength radar observations in 1999 and 2001 provided images of the surface of Venus in the full Stokes polarization parameters of the reflected echo, from which images in the degree of linear polarization were derived. These images show that substantial areas of Sedna, Guinevere, and Lavinia Planitias return a radar echo with a significant degree of linear polarization, indicating that mantling deposits may be relatively widespread on the plains of Venus. The areas showing linear polarization enhancements are strongly correlated with topographic features, primarily impact craters, dome fields, and windblown deposits, including dune fields. A strong linearly polarized echo component (∼10–40% linear polarization) is found from regions near 45 impact craters, including 5 parabolas. These linear polarization features typically correspond to diffuse, higher backscatter cross‐section (bright) regions in Magellan images. The linearly polarized component in these regions is attributed to subsurface echoes from a mantled substrate or from buried rocks.
Model for oxygen transfer in a shake flask (1978)

Abstract The shake flask is a very common and useful tool for the study of submerged fermentations on a small scale. However, the oxygen supply may easily become a limiting factor. A model for the aeration in shake flasks is presented that enables one to predict whether in the course of an experiment the oxygen supply is becoming a growth‐limiting factor or not. The results of measurements of the transfer coefficient of a cotton plug and the oxygen mass‐transfer coefficient k l a are also given.
Illegitimate recombination at the replication origin of bacteriophage M13. (1986)

Hybrids composed of phage M13 and plasmid pHV33 were used to study the formation of deletions in Escherichia coli. Eighty to ninety percent of the deletion endpoints were at the position of the nick introduced into the M13 replication origin by the phage gene II protein. This suggests the existence of a novel mechanism of illegitimate recombination.
Synthesis of Glycodendrimers by Modification of Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers (1997)

Abstract The use of preformed poly‐(propylene imine) dendrimers (DAB‐ dendr ‐(NH 2 ) x ) for the rapid and facile construction of high molecular weight carbohydrate‐coated dendrimers (glyco‐dendrimers) is presented. An efficient attachment of spacer‐armed derivatives of D‐galactose and lactose to the primary amino end groups of DAB‐ dendr ‐(NH 2 ) x has been achieved by means of amide bond formation, using the N ‐hydroxysuccinimide coupling procedure. Acetate protecting groups have been employed in order to avoid side reactions at the coupling stage. Deacetylation leads to the target glycodendrimers. The reactivity of all the available DAB‐ dendr ‐(NH 2 ) x (generations 1–5) has been investigated and a series of homologous carbohydrate‐coated dendrimers have been synthesized. In addition, the attachment of larger saccharide moieties has been demonstrated by the condensation of a trisgalactoside cluster with DAB‐ dendr ‐(NH 2 ) x carrying both four and eight primary amino groups. The regularity of the glycodendrimers has been proven by NMR spectroscopy, and the molecular weights of the low‐generation carbohydrate‐coated dendrimers have been determined by mass spectrometry. Modifications of DAB‐ dendr ‐(NH 2 ) x with biologically active carbohydrates affords a new and simple approach to high molecular weight compounds that may be considered as neoglycoconjugates with perfectly symmetrical structures and that offer much promise as multivalent ligands involved in carbohydrate‐protein interactions.
JAK2 inhibitors and their impact in myeloproliferative neoplasms (2012)

The BCR-ABL-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) include essential thrombocythemia, polycythemia vera, and primary myelofibrosis. Historically, complex biochemical alterations defining these heterogeneously distinct malignancies have remained elusive and constrained available therapy options. The discovery of Janus kinase (JAK) mutations collectively present in BCR-ABL-negative MPNs has led to a resurgence of medical interest in JAK-STAT targeted treatment modalities, as well as provided a unique platform for inhibiting symptom-directing proinflammatory cytokines. INCB018424, CYT387, SB1518, and TG101348 are among the most propitious JAK2 inhibitors under investigation, providing substantial improvement in constitutional symptoms, transfusion-dependent cytopenias, and reduction in spleen size. Despite their attributes, evidence of complete or partial remission has yet to be observed with therapy. Many uncertainties surrounding the full clinical potential of JAK2 inhibitors persist. Treatment guidelines addressing optimal stages for drug implementation, ideal dosing parameters and criteria for medication continuation/withdrawal may effectively resolve these ongoing concerns and provide advancements in the morbidity and mortality of these multifaceted disease processes.
Optical Properties of Thin Films of Au@SiO<sub>2</sub> Particles (2001)

Homogeneous films of Au@SiO2 particles have been deposited on glass as a prototype 3D “artificial solid” using the LBL method. The film thickness is controlled by the number of dipping cycles and is measured by AFM. Each cycle results in approximately one monolayer of particles being deposited. The particle films are dense, but disordered. The optical properties of the resulting thin films have been analyzed as a function of the particle volume fraction, which is controlled through the silica shell thickness. We find that the surface plasmon peak position in films with volume fractions up to φ > 0.5 is accurately predicted by the Maxwell−Garnett model. The films exhibit remarkably uniform, transmitted colors and display metallic reflection at low angles of incidence, even at low volume fractions. The films can be annealed at T > 500 K to provide extremely stable, optical films.
Calcium Oxalate in Biological Systems (1995)

Calcium Oxalate Crystallization in vitro, J.P. Kavanagh Inhibitors of Calcium Oxalate Crystallization, D.J. Kok Mechanisms of Calcium Oxalate Aggregation in the Biophysical Environment, J.H. Adair, R.V. Linhart, C.F. Habeger, and S.R. Khan Calcium Oxalate Formation in Higher Plants, H.T. Horner and B.L. Wagner Calcium Oxalate in Fungi, H.J. Arnott Oxalate Biosynthesis and Function in Plants and Fungi, V.R. Franceschi and F.A. Loewus Oxalate Degrading Bacteria, M.J. Allison, S.L. Daniel, and N.A. Cornick Epidemiology of Calcium Oxalate Urolithiasis in Man, D.S. Milliner Enzymology and Molecular Genetics of Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1: Consequences for Clinical Management, C.J. Danpure and G. Rumsby Cellular Abnormalities of Oxalate Transport in Nephrolithiasis, B. Baggio and G. Gambaro Oxalate Transport Across Intestinal and Renal Epithelia, M. Hatch and R.W. Freel Oxalate Measurement in Biological Fluids, M. Marangella and M. Petrarulo Urinary Macromolecules in Calcium Oxalate Stone and Crystal Matrix: Good, Bad, or Indifferent, R.L. Ryall and A.M.F. Stapleton Lipid Matrix of Urinary Calcium Oxalate Crystals and Stones, S.R. Khan Urate and Calcium Oxalate Stones: A New Look at an Old Controversy, P.K. Grover and R.L. Ryall The Role of Crystal-Cell Attachment and Retention in Stone Disease, R.L. Hackett and P.N. Shevock Animal Model of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis, S.R. Khan
Dosimetry of Non-Ionising Radiation (1983)

The increasing application of non-ionising radiations, such as radio- and microwaves, ultrasound, lasers and ultraviolet radiation, for example, requires more and more attention with regard to the dangers associated with their use. For this purpose studies are being performed on an increasing scale which correlate energy fluxes and/or absorption and temperature increases with biological effects. Techniques similar to the dosimetric methods in the field of ionising radiation are being developed which allow exposure limits to be measured. In some instances solid state detectors are utilised. An attempt is made to summarise worldwide efforts to measure non-ionising radiation quantitatively and to develop 'dosimetric' methods.
Novel biorefinery : A residue from wood bioethanol production converted into cellulose nanocrystals (2010)

The aim of the work was to use an industrial bio-residue as a raw material for the production of cellulose nanocrystals. The used residue, obtained from a bioethanol pilot plant, was purified using chemical extraction and whitening, and separated to nanocrystals by mechanical and chemical treatments such as ultrasonication, high-pressure homogenization and hydrolization. The chemical compositions and characteristics of the bio-residue were studied before and after purification using a TAPPI standard, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of the isolated nanocrystals was characterized using atomic force microscope (AFM). The chemical composition of the used bio-residue was found to be 49.5 wt-% cellulose, 42.1 wt-% lignin and 8.4 wt-% extractives. The crystallinity of the bio-residue was 14.5% and it increased to more than 73% after the purification process. The AFM study showed that a simple ultrasonication and homogenization processes resulted in nanosized crystals with diameters in the 10-20 nm range.
Discrete wavelet transform based multispectral filter array demosaicking (2013)

The idea of colour filter array may be adapted to multispectral image acquisition by integrating more filter types into the array, and developing associated demosaicking algorithms. Several methods employing discrete wavelet transform (DWT) have been proposed for CFA demosaicking. In this work, we put forward an extended use of DWT for multispectral filter array demosaicking. The extension seemed straightforward, however we observed striking results. This work contributes to better understanding of the issue by demonstrating that spectral correlation and spatial resolution of the images exerts a crucial influence on the performance of DWT based demosaicking.
Exploring the chemical space of the lysine-binding pocket of the first kringle domain of hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) yields a new class of inhibitors of HGF/SF-MET binding (2015)

The growth/motility factor hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) and its receptor, the tyrosine kinase MET, constitute a signalling system essential for embryogenesis and for tissue/organ regeneration in post-natal life. HGF/SF-MET signalling, however, also plays a key role in the onset of metastasis of a large number of human tumours. Both HGF/SF and MET are high molecular weight proteins that bury an extensive interface upon complex formation and thus constitute a challenging target for the development of low molecular weight inhibitors. Here we have used surface plasmon resonance (SPR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray crystallography to screen a diverse fragment library of 1338 members as well as a range of piperazine-like compounds. Several small molecules were found to bind in the <i>lysine-binding pocket</i> of the kringle 1 domain of HGF/SF and its truncated splice variant NK1. We have defined the binding mode of these compounds, explored their biological activity and we show that selected fragments inhibit MET downstream signalling. Thus we demonstrate that targeting the <i>lysine-binding pocket</i> of NK1 is an effective strategy to generate MET receptor antagonists and we offer proof of concept that the HGF/SF-MET interface may be successfully targeted with small molecules. These studies have broad implications for the development of HGF/SF-MET therapeutics and cancer treatment.
Optimisation of kojic acid monolaurate synthesis with lipase PS from <i>Pseudomonas cepacia</i> (2002)

Abstract To improve the instability of kojic acid in food and cosmetic use, the esterification of kojic acid catalysed by lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (Amano PS) to synthesise kojic acid monolaurate (KAML) was investigated in this study. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a five‐level/five‐factor central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was employed to evaluate the effects of synthesis parameters such as reaction time (8–24 h), temperature (35 55 °C), enzyme amount (10–50%), substrate molar ratio of lauric acid to kojic acid (1:1–3:1) and added water content (0–20%) on the percentage molar conversion to KAML by direct esterification. Reaction time and added water content were the most important variables, while substrate molar ratio had less effect on percentage molar conversion. Based on canonical analysis and ridge maximum analysis, optimal synthesis conditions were reaction time 19 h, temperature 44 °C, enzyme amount 38%, substrate molar ratio 2:1 and added water content 10%. The predicted value was 85% and the actual experimental value 82% molar conversion. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry
Both Ketamine and NBQX Attenuate Alcohol-Withdrawal Induced Depression in Male Rats (2018)

The co-morbidity between heavy drinking and depression can negatively influence successful cessation of alcohol use. Since ketamine, a glutamatergic NMDA receptor antagonist, has shown promise as a quick-acting antidepressant, we studied its effects specifically on alcohol withdrawal-induced depression. We also evaluated the effects of NBQX an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, because some of the effects of ketamine are proposed to be indirectly mediated through these receptors. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed daily to ethanol via inhalation chambers 4 h/day for 7 days (blood alcohol concentration=160 mg%), followed by daily intraperitoneal injections of ketamine (2.5 mg/kg), NBQX (5mg/kg), alone or in combination. Eighteen hours later, open field locomotor activity (OFLA) followed by forced swim test (FST) were performed. The animals were sacrificed 2 h later for evaluation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus. Alcohol withdrawal did not affect OFLA, but caused an increase in immobility in FST, suggesting induction of "depressive-like" helplessness. Both ketamine and NBQX normalized the swimming score in FST. The combination of the two drugs, however, cancelled each other's effect. Parallel to these behavioral observations, both ketamine and NBQX normalized the reduction in hippocampal BDNF caused by alcohol withdrawal. Here also, the combination of the two drugs cancelled each other's effect. These results suggest that either NMDA or AMPA/kainate receptor antagonists, acting at least partially through hippocampal BDNF, may be of therapeutic potential in alcohol use disorder.
LPDE-Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Arylimines: A Facile Synthesis of Tetrahydrochromanoquinolines (2002)

Lithium perchlorate in diethyl ether (LPDE) is found to catalyze an intrarmolecular cyclization of aldimines derived from aromatic amines and O-prenyl derivatives of salicylaldehydes to afford the corresponding tetrahydrochromano[4,3-b]quinoline derivatives in excellent yields with moderate diastereoselectivity.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of novel pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives (2011)

A novel series of pyrazolo[1,5- a ]pyrimidine-3-carbonitriles substituted with 7-amino, 7-substituted amino and 5-substituted amino groups was synthesized. Some of the newly synthesized compounds were tested in vitro on human colon tumor cell line (HCT116). Compound 14a displayed the highest activity among the tested compounds with IC 50 that equals to 0.0020 μM.