gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Freeze Texturing of Food Materials by Ice-nucleation with the Bacterium<i>Erwinia ananas</i> (1986)

We propose a new process for freeze texturing using Erwinia ananas cells as heterogeneous ice nuclei. The bacterial cells, when added to isotropic aqueous dispersions or hydrogels of proteins and polysaccharides, converted the bulk water into directional ice crystals at a subzero temperature of not lower than – 5°C, with formation of anisotropically textured products. Raw egg white, bovine blood, soybean curd, milk curd, aqueous dispersions or slurries of soybean protein isolate, hydrogel of agar, corn starch paste, and hydrogels of glucomannan and calcium-bridged glucomannan were used as materials to be textured. These were each mixed with a small mass of the bacterial cells and slowly cooled to – 5°C in an air bath. The frozen materials were vacuum-dried before setting the resulting textures by steaming for 2 min at 1 atm if necessary, forming flake-like textures. Slicing the textured products at right angles to the lamellas of the flakes gave fibrous products.
Binding of polysaccharides to human galectin-3 at a noncanonical site in its carbohydrate recognition domain (2015)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional lectin, unique to galectins by the presence of a long N-terminal tail (NT) off of its carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD). Many previous studies have investigated binding of small carbohydrates to its CRD. Here, we used nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((15)N-(1)H heteronuclear single quantum coherence data) to assess binding of (15)N-Gal-3 (and truncated (15)N-Gal-3 CRD) to several, relatively large polysaccharides, including eight varieties of galactomannans (GMs), as well as a β(1 → 4)-polymannan and an α-branched mannan. Overall, we found that these polysaccharides with a larger carbohydrate footprint interact primarily with a noncanonical carbohydrate-binding site on the F-face of the Gal-3 CRD β-sandwich, and to a less extent, if at all, with the canonical carbohydrate-binding site on the S-face. While there is no evidence for interaction with the NT itself, it does appear that the NT somehow mediates stronger interactions between the Gal-3 CRD and the GMs. Significant Gal-3 resonance broadening observed during polysaccharide titrations indicates that interactions occur in the intermediate exchange regime, and analysis of these data allows estimation of affinities and stoichiometries that range from 4 × 10(4) to 12 × 10(4) M(-1) per site and multiple sites per polysaccharide, respectively. We also found that lactose can still bind to the CRD S-face of GM-bound Gal-3, with the binding of one ligand attenuating affinity of the other. These data are compared with previous results on Gal-1, revealing differences and similarities. They also provide research direction to the development of these polysaccharides as galectin-targeting therapeutics in the clinic.
RNA III Inhibiting Peptide Inhibits In Vivo Biofilm Formation by Drug-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2003)

Staphylococcus aureus is a prevalent cause of bacterial infections associated with indwelling medical devices. RNA III inhibiting peptide (RIP) is known to inhibit S. aureus pathogenesis by disrupting quorum-sensing mechanisms. RIP was tested in the present study for its ability to inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation in a rat Dacron graft model. The activity of RIP was synergistic with those of antibiotics for the complete prevention of drug-resistant S. aureus infections.
Design and Fabrication of a High-Gain 60-GHz Corrugated Slot Antenna Array With Ridge Gap Waveguide Distribution Layer (2016)

A wideband high-gain high-efficiency 16 × 16-element slot antenna array is presented for 60-GHz band applications. The antenna is designed based on gap waveguide technology. The most important advantage of using this technology is its ability to decrease complexity and cost of fabrication because there is no requirement of electrical contact between the three layers of the antenna structure. The three layers are a corrugated metal plate with radiating slots, a subarray cavity layer, and a ridge gap waveguide (RGW) feed network layer. The corporate feed network is realized by a texture of pins and guiding ridges in a metal plate. Also, in order to excite the antenna with a standard V-band rectangular waveguide, a transition from RGW to WR-15 is designed. The radiating elements, corrugations, cavity layer, power dividers, and transition are designed and optimized to suppress the reflection coefficient at the input WR-15 port over the desired frequency range from 57 to 66 GHz. Finally, the 16 × 16-element slot antenna array is fabricated by the standard milling technology. The measured results demonstrate about 16% of reflection coefficient bandwidth (|S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | <; -10 dB) covering the 56-65.7-GHz frequency range, and the measured gain is larger than 32.5 dBi over the band with more than 70% antenna efficiency.
Viral geofencing: An exploration of emerging big-data driven direct digital marketing services (2014)

This paper explores approaches for the effective integration of several focal areas of advanced analytics on currently achievable big data platforms to enable timely, and maximally effective, geofence-triggered interventions (push marketing) that leverages viral or exponential returns. The viral or exponential growth behavior of modern social media-based interactions has garnered much attention in both public and private circles. The potential for harnessing and controlling these epidemic-like dynamics of spread or diffusion represent a significant and, as yet, underdeveloped marketing approach. This is especially true in the context of geo-fencing strategies and designs. Despite the potential for highly-leveraged returns for location-based services (LBS) several barriers remain. Due to privacy concerns, legal issues, the immaturity of big analytics, and constraints presented by physical-level communications and geo-tracking enabling technology, LBS has remained underdeveloped and under-actualized. This reality is rapidly changing. This paper focuses on recent developments in big analytics, especially the integration of social networking dynamics, text mining, semantics, dynamic behavioral profiling, and real-time trigger-based geo-sensing capabilities that are enabling the next generation of high performance direct digital marketing services.
The art of aromatherapy (1977)

About essential oils from ancient times basic principles odours the body the mind aromatic baths massage skin care practical hints and recipes the essential oils.
Automatic verification of probabilistic concurrent finite state programs (1985)

The verification problem for probabilistic concurrent finite-state program is to decide whether such a program satisfies its linear temporal logic specification. We describe an automata-theoretic approach, whereby probabilistic quantification over sets of computations is reduced to standard quantification over individual computations. Using new determinization construction for ω-automata, we manage to improve the time complexity of the algorithm by two exponentials. The time complexity of the final algorithm is polynomial in the size of the program and doubly exponential in the size of the specification.
Two-Step FRET as a Structural Tool (2003)

The power of FRET to study molecular complexes is expanded by the use of two or more donor/acceptor pairs. A general theoretical framework for distance measurements in three-chromophore systems is presented. Three energy transfer schemes applicable to many diverse situations are considered: (I) two-step FRET relay with FRET between the first and second chromophores and between the second and third, (II) FRET from a single donor to two different acceptors, and (III) two-step FRET relay with FRET also between the first and third chromophores. Equations for the efficiencies involving multiple energy transfer steps are derived for both donor quenching and sensitized emission measurements. The theory is supported by experimental data on model systems of known structure using steady-state donor quenching, lifetime quenching, and sensitized emission. The distances measured in the three-chromophore systems agree with those in two-chromophore systems and molecular models. Finally, labeling requirements for diagnosis of the energy transfer scheme and subsequent distance measurements are discussed.
Advances in interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor drives (2006)

In recent years, high efficiency electric motors are demanded to meet the challenges of energy hungry world with limited fossil fuel sources. Interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors have been increasingly developed and widely used to meet the high efficiency and performance requirements. It is because; an IPM is a highly efficient synchronous motor with built-in advantageous features. This is due to advances in high-energy permanent magnets, smart inverters and intelligent controllers. This paper provides an outline of a modern IPM motor in an electronic world. On-line and soft starting of an IPM motor are provided. Highlights of IPM motors include applications in Japanese air conditioners and hybrid electric vehicles, which are two examples of ac motor drives in domestic heat pumps and passenger automobiles for the competitive market place
Body-Surface QRST Integral Mapping (1997)

Patients with ARVD display a specific abnormal QRST integral map that may be related to delayed repolarization in the structurally abnormal right ventricle. The majority of patients with IRVT demonstrate a normal QRST integral map. A slightly abnormal QRST integral map was noted in 2 of 8 patients with IRVT, which may be related to minor structural abnormalities, undetectable by the present routine diagnostic techniques. These preliminary results indicate that body-surface QRST integral mapping may become an important diagnostic tool to differentiate patients with ARVD from those with IRVT.
Digital video colourmaps for checking the legibility of displays by dichromats (1999)

We propose replacement colourmaps that allow a designer to check the colours seen by protanopes and deuteranopes. Construction of the colourmaps is based on the LMS specification of the primaries of a standard video monitor and has been carried out for 256 colours, including 216 colours that are common to many graphics applications of MS Windows and Macintosh computing environments. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 24, 243–252, 1999
Design, fabrication and testing of a component HIC tester for aircraft applications (2005)

Abstract The compliance with HIC specified in 14 CFR 23.562 and CFR 25.562 poses a significant problem for many segments of the aerospace industry. The airlines and the manufacturers of jet transports have made claims of high costs and significant schedule overruns during the development and certification of 16G seats because of the difficulties encountered in meeting this requirement. The current practice for certification is to conduct ȁfull-scaleȁ seat tests on impact sleds. This approach can be expensive, since a new seat may be needed for each test. This paper deals with the development and calibration of a Head Injury Criteria component tester (HCT) by the National Institute for Aviation Research (NIAR). The HCT device will be capable of evaluating the potential for head injury over a wide range of aircraft cabin configurations at relatively lower cost and in a shorter time period compared to full-scale sled tests. The existing full-scale sled test data was reviewed to acquire the necessary information for the design of the HCT. Biodynamic modeling and simulation tools were used and results validated against the full-scale sled tests. Parametric studies were performed to determine the mass distribution of the HCT to replicate the full-scale sled test. A pneumatic propulsion system was designed and fabricated to propel the HCT in order to achieve similar kinematics as in a sled test. The propulsion system was then calibrated to achieve the required test conditions. A control system for controlling the propulsion system as well as for data acquisition was then developed. The HCT thus fabricated was tested and the results were compared with that from the full-scale sled test performed under similar conditions. The HCT is a device intended to provide greater control and repeatability than full-scale sled testing. The HCT is expected to produce less data scatter, hence more consistent test results than those obtained using full-scale sled tests. A validated HCT will minimize the need for full-scale sled tests and thereby reduce the time and cost associated with development and certification of aircraft cabin interior.
Characterization and expression analysis of FRUITFULL- and SHATTERPROOF-like genes from peach (Prunus persica) and their role in split-pit formation (2007)

The fruit canning industry processes large quantities of the clingstone varieties of peach (Prunus persica L. Batch). The occurrence of split-pit formation--the opening of the pit and sometimes splitting of the fruit--causes deterioration of canned fruit quality. The frequency of split-pit formation is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. To increase understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying split-pit formation in peach, we cloned and characterized the PPERFUL and PPERSHP genes that are homologues to the genes FRUITFULL and SHATTERPROOF, respectively, which are involved in fruit splitting (pod shattering) in Arabidopsis thaliana. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two genes had high homology with members of the MADS-box family of transcription factors, and particularly with other members of the FUL-like family of A-type MADS-box proteins and PLENA-like family of C-type MADS-box proteins, respectively. PPERFUL and PPERSHP were expressed throughout fruit development from full anthesis until fruit harvest. Differences in the mRNA abundance of each gene were compared in a split-pit sensitive and a split-pit resistant variety. Results suggested that temporal regulation of PPERFUL and PPERSHP expression may have an effect on the split-pit process.
Transgenic rescue of phenotypic deficits in a mouse model of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (2015)

Missense mutations in ATP1A3 encoding Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 are the primary cause of alternating hemiplegia of childhood (AHC). Most ATP1A3 mutations in AHC lie within a cluster in or near transmembrane α-helix TM6, including I810N that is also found in the Myshkin mouse model of AHC. These mutations all substantially reduce Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 activity. Herein, we show that Myshkin mice carrying a wild-type Atp1a3 transgene that confers a 16 % increase in brain-specific total Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity show significant phenotypic improvements compared with non-transgenic Myshkin mice. Interventions to increase the activity of wild-type Na(+),K(+)-ATPase α3 in AHC patients should be investigated further.
Road lane estimation using vehicle states and optical lane recognition (2011)

A multirate road lane estimation scheme is developed for autonomous vehicles. The proposed multirate lane estimation scheme exhibits a lane curve update for every fast sampling instant of the ECU, using a slow vision processing which is even uncertain.
Syntheses via modifications of the Knorr-Paal procedure :|bA. Derivatives of 2,6-dioxa-10-azatricyclo[5.2.1.0[superscript 4,10]]decane ; B. Highly sterically crowded 1,2,5-trialkylpyrroles and pyrrolidines (1969)

Earlier work in these laboratories on the heterotricyclic system 2,6-dioxa-10-azatricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]-decane, formed from 1,4-diketones and 2-amino-1,3-propanediols by a product-water-azeotroping procedure, was extended with the synthesis of analogous compounds, e.g., the 1,4,7-triethyl-, 1,7-dimethyl-4-isopropyl-1,7-diethyl-4-isopropyl-, 1,7-dimethyl-3- and 4-phenyl- compounds. The 1,7-dimethyl heterotricycle, the kinetically-controlled product, was accompanied by the thermodynamically-controlled product, 2-(2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrryl)-1,3-propanediol. The 1,7-diethyl heterotricycle was also accompanied by the isomeric pyrrole as were the 1,7-dimethyl-3- and 4-phenyl compounds. A scheme postulating a common intermediate is presented. The interesting analogous compounds, 1,7-dimethyl-2-oxa-6-thia-10-azatricyclo[5.2.1.04,10]decane, 1,4,7-trimethyl-2,6-dioxa-11-azatricyclo[5.3.1.04,11]undecane and 11-hydroxymethyl- and 11-methyl-9,13-dioxa-14- azatetracyclo[6.5.1.02,7 011,14]tetradeca-2,4,6-triene were also prepared. The syntheses in good yields of a considerable number of moderately to severely sterically crowded 1,2,5-trisubstituted pyrroles by means of modifications of the Knorr-Paal condensation are described in this work. The classical procedure succeeded in moderately sterically-crowded cases, e.g., R2=R5=Me, R1=i-Pr; R2=R5=Et, R1=i-Pr. A product-water azeotroping procedure succeeded in more severely sterically-crowded cases, e.g., R2=R5=Et, R1=i-Pr; R2=R5=Me, R1=Me3-CCH2; R2=R5=i-Pr, R1=PhCH2. Highly sterically-crowded pyrroles, e.g., R2=R5=Me, R1=t-Bu, PhSO2, adamantyl, PhCH2CMe2; R2=R5=Et, R1=t-Bu; R1=R2=R5=i-Pr; R2=R5=t-Bu, R1=Me, Et, PhCH2, were obtained using titanium tetrachloride as a Lewis acid catalyst and as a water scavenger. Infrared spectra of the reacting mixtures provided evidence pertinent to the mechanism of the reaction, which is discussed. All of the pyrroles described above were easily catalytically hydrogenated over platinum oxide or rhodium-on-alumina under low hydrogen pressure to the corresponding pyrrolidines. A study into the stereochemistry of the hydrogenation, using 1-benzyl-, 1-ethoxycarbonylmethyl-, and 1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)-2,5-dialkylpyrroles, showed that when R2=R5=Me, Et, R1=PhCH2; R2=R5=Me, R1=CF3CH2 a mixture of cis- and trans-2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines was obtained. Only the cis-isomer was obtained when R2=R5=Me, Et, R1=CH2CO2Et; R2=R5=i-Pr, R1=PhCH2. Several of these heterotricyclics, pyrroles, and pyrrolidines were submitted for pharmacological testing. Results for these compounds as hypotensive agents are presented.
Comparison of liposomal cisplatin versus cisplatin in non-squamous cell non-small-cell lung cancer (2011)

Liposomal cisplatin in combination with paclitaxel produces a statistically significantly higher response rate than cisplatin combined with paclitaxel in non-squamous NSCLC.
Diorganotin 2‐fluorocinnamates and 4‐fluorophenylacetates: Synthesis, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> antitumour activity (1993)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization by spectroscopy of several new di‐n‐butyltin and diethyltin 2‐fluorocinnamates and 4‐fluorophenylacetates are described. In vitro tests on two human tumour cell lines, MCF‐7, a mammary tumour, and WiDr, a colon carcinoma, showed that two of these compounds are more active than cisplatin. Other in vitro tests performed by the NCI, USA on a panel of human tumour cell line show that one of them, bis[di‐n‐butyl(2‐fluorophenylacetato)tin] oxide, is characterized by statistically significant D , D TGI and D sensitivities, but non‐significant D H and MGD H selectivities, whereas the analogous 2‐fluorocinnamate shows no such significant values.
Discovery, Characterization, and Kinetic Analysis of an Alditol Oxidase from Streptomyces coelicolor (2007)

A gene encoding an alditol oxidase was found in the genome of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). This newly identified oxidase, AldO, was expressed at extremely high levels in Escherichia coli when fused to maltose-binding protein. AldO is a soluble monomeric flavoprotein with subunits of 45.1 kDa, each containing a covalently bound FAD cofactor. From sequence alignments with other flavoprotein oxidases, it was found that AldO contains a conserved histidine (His(46)) that is typically involved in covalent FAD attachment. Covalent FAD binding is not observed in the H46A AldO mutant, confirming its role in covalent attachment of the flavin cofactor. Steady-state kinetic analyses revealed that wild-type AldO is active with several polyols. The alditols xylitol (K(m) = 0.32 mm, k(cat) = 13 s(-1)) and sorbitol (K(m) = 1.4 mm, k(cat) = 17 s(-1)) are the preferred substrates. From pre-steady-state kinetic analyses, using xylitol as substrate, it can be concluded that AldO mainly follows a ternary complex kinetic mechanism. Reduction of the flavin cofactor by xylitol occurs at a relatively high rate (99 s(-1)), after which a second kinetic event is observed, which is proposed to represent ring closure of the formed aldehyde product, yielding the hemiacetal of d-xylose. Reduced AldO readily reacts with molecular oxygen (1.7 x 10(5) m(-1) s(-1)), which confirms that the enzyme represents a true flavoprotein oxidase.
Ring Oscillator Technique for MOSFET $CV$ Characterization (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A technique for extracting small signal MOSFET gate capacitance as a function of bias voltage from measurements of circuit delay and power is described. This approach makes use of a ring oscillator with stages in which an independent bias voltage is applied to the gates of MOSFETs driven by an inverter. The square wave signal circulating around the ring oscillator, at a reduced power supply voltage, serves as a small signal excitation for the <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$CV$</tex></formula> characterization. Gate charging times of order 40 ps enable capacitance measurement in the presence of the high parallel conductance of thin gate dielectrics. MOSFET parameters such as inversion and depletion capacitances and electrical channel length can be self-consistently compared with circuit power/performance, all derived as averages over hundreds of MOSFETs from the same test structure. This minimizes dependencies on layout, spatial and statistical variations, as well as other ambiguities that can exist when a variety of test structures is used to evaluate different MOSFET and circuit performance parameters. At <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$≪$</tex></formula>1 MHz, the frequency divided output is compatible with standard in-line test. Data from experimental partially depleted silicon-on-insulator hardware at the 65-nm CMOS technology node are presented. </para>
Ionization coefficients in semiconductors: A nonlocalized property (1974)

In the light of energy-conservation considerations a nonlocalized concept (NLC) has been introduced to describe the avalanche ionization effect in semiconductors. From this formulation it appears that the intrinsic electron and hole ionization coefficients cannot be directly compared with experimental data. We show the coupled relationships between these parameters and experimentally obtainable apparent ionization coefficients. The conventional definition of ionization coefficient is modified to maintain its relevance for high-electric-field situations via a pseudolocal approximation. With the use of a previous estimate of the average distance for the ionization scattering given by Okuto and Crowell, apparent ionization coefficients have been calculated for Si, Ge, GaAs and GaP. The agreement with the existing experimental results for high electric fields is especially satisfactory for Si in which an anomalously large high-field threshold energy had previously been reported. We also show that for any material at a given electric field there exists a critical multiplication factor beyond which the pseudolocal approximation does not hold. To examine the importance of this limit an exact formulation was solved for selected $p\ensuremath{-}i\ensuremath{-}n$ junctions. The results indicate the importance of boundary corrections associated with the threshold energies for ionization scattering but indicate that the pseudolocal approximation can be appropriately modified for use even at high multiplications.