gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face recognition using shape and texture (2003)

We introduce in this paper a new face coding and recognition method which employs the Enhanced FLD (Fisher Linear Discrimimant) Model (EFM) on integrated shape (vector) and texture ('shape-free' image) information. Shape encodes the feature geometry of a face while texture provides a normalized shape-free image by warping the original face image to the mean shape, i.e., the average of aligned shapes. The dimensionalities of the shape and the texture spaces are first reduced using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The corresponding but reduced shape find texture features are then integrated through a normalization procedure to form augmented features. The dimensionality reduction procedure, constrained by EFM for enhanced generalization, maintains a proper balance between the spectral energy needs of PCA for adequate representation, and the FLD discrimination requirements, that the eigenvalues of the within-class scatter matrix should not include small trailing values after the dimensionality reduction procedure as they appear in the denominator.
Photo-induced gratings in large diameter multimode plastic optical fibres (1997)

This paper reports the feasibility of photo-inducing gratings structures on POFs (plastic optical fibres) using a phase mask technique. The fibre was exposed to UV laser light at 248 nm through a phase mask and the characteristics of the induced gratings are evaluated and discussed in terms of angular intensity distribution. Finally, applications of POF end gratings to the field of telecommunications and sensors are discussed.
Preparation of Ultrafine Silicon Nitride, and Silicon Nitride and Silicon Carbide Mixed Powders in a Hybrid Plasma (1990)

Ultrafine Si 3 N 4 and Si 3 N 4 + SiC mixed powders were synthesized through thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a hybrid plasma which was characterized by the superposition of a radio‐frequency plasma and an arc jet. The reactant, SiCl 4 , was injected into an arc jet and completely decomposed in a hybrid plasma, and the second reactant, CH 4 and/or NH 3 , was injected into the tail flame through multistage ring slits. In the case of ultrafine Si 3 N 4 powder synthesis, reaction effieciency increased significantly by multistage injection compared to single‐stage injection. The most striking result is that amorphous Si 3 N 4 with a nitrogen content of about 37 wt% and a particle size of 10 to 30 nm could be prepared successfully even at the theoretical NH 3 /SiCl 4 molar ratio of ∼ 1.33, although the crystallinity depended on the NH 3 /SiCl 4 molar ratio and the injection method. For the preparation of Si 3 N 4 + SiC mixed powders, the N/C composition ratio and particle size could be controlled not only by regulating the flow rate of the NH 3 and CH 4 reactant gases and the H 2 quenching gas, but also by adjusting the reaction space. The results of this study provide sufficient evidence to suggest that multistage injection is very effective for regulating the condensation process of fine particles in a plasma tail flame.
Regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase by arabinoxylans with molecular characterisation from wheat flour in cultured human monocytes (2018)

Summary The immunomodulatory activity of the arabinoxylans (AXs) extracts from cereal sources has been reported to impart health benefits in terms of immune enhancement. This study investigated the effect of enzymatic extraction on extraction yield and structure of AXs from wheat flour pentosan fraction. Under the optimised conditions, the extraction yield of AXs reached up to 81.25%. Furthermore, the study determined whether water‐extracted AXs (WEAXs) and enzyme‐extracted AXs (E‐WEAXs) from wheat flour were able to differentially stimulate nitric oxide (NO) secretion through increased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in human U937 monocytes. The results indicated that AXs concomitantly induced ( P < 0.05) both NO and iNOS productions in U937 monocytes compared to untreated cells. Compared with WEAXs, E‐WEAXs resulted in a higher proportion of low Mw (1–10 KDa) AXs (49.51% vs. 19.11% in WEAXs), a higher A/X ratio (0.83 vs. 0.48 in WEAXs) and a higher yield (12.83 ± 0.35% vs. 7.54 ± 0.47% in WEAXs). Moreover, E‐WEAXs induced significantly ( P < 0.05) greater NO and iNOS production per million viable cells (61.8 ± 2.7 μ m and 42.41 ± 3.83 ng respectively) than WEAXs (51.6 ± 2.6 μ m and 33.46 ± 1.48 ng, respectively). The findings suggest AXs may heighten innate immune activity in the absence of infection or disease through an iNOS‐mediated stimulation of NO production. The immunomodulatory activity of the wheat‐derived AXs was enhanced by enzyme treatment, with low Mw and high A/X ratio associated with elevated NO/iNOS levels in human monocytes compared to water extraction.
Multimodal proton and fluorescence image sensor for bio applications (2011)

We developed a multimodal sensor for proton (pH, power of Hydrogen) and filter-less fluorescence imaging by using CMOS (complementary metal-oxide semiconductor) silicon integrated circuit technology. In the developed device, a proton sensor which uses CCD (charge-coupled device) image sensor technology and a filter-less fluorescence detection sensor are fused in the same pixel. Both pH and fluorescence images were first ever successfully obtained without optical filters or gratings and simultaneously in the same area in real time using the developed image sensor.
The readjustment of the first‐order leveling in the alluvial valley of the Mississippi River (1941)

The first leveling of first‐order accuracy in the Alluvial Valley of the Mississippi was run in 1876 and 1877 when the Corps of Engineers leveled from Cairo, Illinois, to Columbus, Kentucky, and from Memphis, Tennessee, to Friar Point, Mississippi. Between 1879 and 1881 the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey ran a line from New Orleans, Louisiana, to Greenville, Mississippi, where the work was taken up by the Corps of Engineers and continued to Arkansas City, Arkansas. Leveling proceeded at a steady rate, until by 1906 the Alluvial Valley was covered by a network of lines, and the original lines along the river had been rerun.
High Frequency Non-Invasive Stimulation Over the Spine: Effects on Mood and Mechanical Pain Tolerance in Normal Subjects (1997)

We investigated the effects of non-invasive high frequency (625Hz) stimulation over the spine on mechanical pain tolerance and subjective mood. Sixty healthy subjects were divided equally into three groups receiving either high intensity (250 V), low intensity (3–4 V) or sham electrical stimulation directly over the spinal cord for 30 minutes. Following high intensity stimulation, subjects felt significantly more elated, leisurely and less tense and, contrary to reports on patients with clinical pain, had lower mechanical pain tolerances. There were no correlations between changes in mood and changes in mechanical pain tolerances. These findings contrasted with the lack of any significant differences in mood or mechanical pain tolerances in a second study where 20 subjects received either high intensity or sham stimulation across the left shoulder joint. The results indicate that decreases in mechanical pain tolerance are independent of changes in mood following non-invasive high frequency, high intensity cutaneous stimulation but that both effects are dependent on that stimulation being applied over the spine.
Fast Handover Scheme for Real-Time Downlink Services in IEEE 802.16e BWA System (2005)

IEEE 802.16 WirelessMAN aiming to broadband wireless access (BWA) is evolving to 4G mobile communication systems through the standardization of IEEE 802.16e supporting mobility on existing fixed WirelessMAN systems. Because IEEE 802.16e system is based on OFDM(A) technology, a mobile subscriber station (MSS) basically conducts hard handover operation when it moves to another base station (BS). Therefore, the MSS is not able to send or receive the data during handover process and these data should be delayed. As a result, real-time packet could be dropped by handover delay. In this paper, we propose an enhanced link-layer handover algorithm that an MSS can receive downlink data before synchronization with uplink during handover process. Our proposed scheme reduces data transmission delay and packet loss probability for real-time downlink service.
Familial apolipoprotein A-I, C-III, and A-IV deficiency and premature atherosclerosis due to deletion of a gene complex on chromosome 11 (1989)

The defect in a kindred with marked plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) deficiency and premature atherosclerosis was examined. The homozygous proband died of coronary artery atherosclerosis at age 45 and had undetectable levels of plasma apolipoproteins A-I and C-III, proteins of HDL. In family studies 10 heterozygotes were identified whose mean apoA-I, apoC-III, apoA-IV, and HDL cholesterol levels were 67, 57, 65, and 62% of normal. These subjects were noted to have restriction fragment length polymorphisms following DNA digestion with a number of enzymes including BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, XmnI, PstI, and PvuII, following hybridization with a probe spanning 1.1 kilobases approximately 2.5 kilobases 5' to the apoA-I gene. Cloning and sequence analysis of the abnormal allele indicated that the defect is due to the complete deletion of the apoA-I, -C-III, and -A-IV gene complex on chromosome 11, with both ends of the deletion being located in areas of highly repetitive DNA. The data support the concept of an independent role for HDL in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Nanometer Electron Beam Lithography with Azide-Phenolic Resin Resist Systems (1996)

High resolution negative electron beam (EB) resists consisting of an aromatic azide and a phenolic resin have been developed for nanometer lithography. Bisazides which crosslink phenolic resins are more suitable for fine pattern fabrication than monoazides. Several phenolic resins such as novolak resin and polyhydroxystyrene were evaluated as resist matrix resins, and poly( p -hyroxystyrene) was selected as the best resin for nanofabrication. A resist composed of 3,3 ′ -dimethoxy-4,4 ′ -diazidobiphenyl and poly( p -hyroxystyrene) enables the definition of a 50 nm line-and-space pattern with an EB dose of 170 µ C/cm 2 under optimum process conditions. The fine resist pattern obtained has sufficient dry etching resistance and can be applied to Si nanofabrication with good critical dimension control.
Automatic digital microwave hygrometer, model II (1976)

A ’’ruggedized’’ microwave hygrometer which requires no moving parts in the basic measurement method is described. It is designed to measure atmospheric humidity over the vapor pressure range 3–7400 pascals (Pa) (0.03–74 millibar).
Effect of shilajit on blood glucose and lipid profile in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (2004)

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of shilajit (a herbomineral preparation) on blood glucose and lipid profile in euglycemic and alloxan-induced diabetic rats and its effects on the above parameters in combination with conventional antidiabetic drugs.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Diabetes was induced in albino rats by administration of a single dose of alloxan monohydrate 5% (125 mg/kg, i.p.). Effects of three different doses of shilajit (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, orally), alone for 4 weeks and a combination of shilajit (100 mg/kg/day, orally) with either glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day, orally) or metformin (0.5 g/kg/day, orally) for 4 weeks were studied on blood glucose and lipid profile.
RESULTS: In the diabetic rats, all the three doses of shilajit produced a significant reduction in blood glucose levels and also produced beneficial effects on the lipid profile. The maximum effect was observed with the 100 mg/kg/day dose of shilajit. Combination of shilajit (100 mg/kg) with glibenclamide (5 mg/kg/day) or metformin (0.5 gm/kg/day) significantly enhanced the glucose-lowering ability and improvement in lipid profile than any of these drugs given alone.
CONCLUSION: Shilajit is effective in controlling blood glucose levels and improves the lipid profile.
Ablation Rate of Human Corneal Epithelium and Bowman's Layer With the Excimer Laser (193 nm) (1990)

Laser keratomileusis is a laser-specific procedure whereby a layer of corneal tissue as thin as 10 microns or more is removed from the anterior surface. In most cases, the laser ablates not only Bowman's layer but also portions of the anterior stroma. The histologic evaluation presented shows that the ablation behavior of these two layers is not uniform: at a fluence of 205 mJ/cm2 in Bowman's layer, the ablation rate was 0.38 +/- 0.05 microns per pulse, whereas in stroma it amounted to 0.55 +/- 0.1 microns per pulse. In epithelium, the ablation rate was 0.68 +/- 0.15 microns per pulse, but decreased with deeper excisions. We discuss the consequences of these different ablation rates on the procedure of laser keratomileusis.
A novel method of NaHCO<sub>3</sub>reduction into formic acid with N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O over Ni catalyst (2015)

An efficient metal-free method of CO<sub>2</sub>reduction with N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O over common Ni powder is proposed.
Nucleotide sequence determination, characterization and purification of the single-stranded DNA-binding protein and major coat protein of filamentous phage  Lf of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (1994)

phi Lf is a filamentous bacteriophage of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, which can integrate its genome into the host chromosome. The nucleotide sequence of an EcoRV-SphI fragment (1018 bp) from the phi Lf replicative form DNA was determined. Four contiguous open reading frames (ORFs), orf98-orf43-orf38-orf42, were revealed. ORFs 98 and 42 were identified as the genes encoding a single-stranded DNA-binding protein (Sbp) and a major coat protein, respectively. Sbp was purified and found to bind with a high affinity to ssDNA prepared from phi Lf phage particles. The major coat protein showed sequence features similar to those of the typical major coat proteins of other filamentous phages. However, it appears to be synthesized as a mature product, similar to the situation with Pf3 but different from that with other filamentous phage major coat proteins which are synthesized as pre-coats and are subject to post-translational processing. The M(r)s, estimated by SDS-PAGE, of both the Sbp (10.9K) and the major coat protein (4.1K) coincide with the values deduced from the nucleotide sequences. ORFs 43 and 38 are proposed to be the genes encoding two minor coat proteins. The order of these four genes is similar to that found in the Escherichia coli filamentous phages.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (2016)

No reference work covering disorders of the colon would be complete without a chapter covering irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). IBS is the most common disorder seen in gastrointestinal practice. Despite tremendous advances, which have occurred in the care of colonic disorders in the last 30 years, IBS remains a significant challenge for physicians, for a number of reasons. The first is that IBS has no pathognomonic structural, biochemical, or physiologic markers to identify it. Secondly, the symptoms of IBS, i.e., pain, constipation, and/or diarrhea and bloating can be seen in an extremely wide spectrum of gastrointestinal disorders. This presents at first glance a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. However significant advances in our understanding of IBS have occurred in the last 10 years. This is particularly true in the areas of IBS diagnosis and treatment. It will be the purpose of this chapter to review the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and psychosocial correlates of IBS. A rational approach to diagnosis will be proposed, and recommendations for treatment emphasizing new and emerging agents will be discussed in detail. Although the treatment of IBS has been a somewhat nihilistic area of medical practice, an emerging realization of the importance of this somewhat perplexing disorder has produced a body of new knowledge to help us effectively treat these often long-suffering patients.
H2O (2014)

Modern state-of-the-art database systems are designed around a single data storage layout. This is a fixed decision that drives the whole architectural design of a database system, i.e., row-stores, column-stores. However, none of those choices is a universally good solution; different workloads require different storage layouts and data access methods in order to achieve good performance.
SPOC-a stored program optical computer (1994)

The Digital Optical Computing (DOC) group at the University of Colorado at Boulder have built the world's first stored program optical computer (SPOC). Several features that distinguish this computer from traditional electronic computers are: the use of optical fibers and pulses of light instead of wires and electronic signals; the use of space and time to store information instead of flip-flops; synchronization based on the predictable propagation time of signals; and return to zero signal encoding. One goal was to show that optics could be used to build a general purpose stored program computer. Another goal was to demonstrate that predictable signal propagation time could replace flip flops for synchronization. The SPOC is a functionally complete computer. The constant speed of light was used to synchronize the signals in the SPOC. We adjusted the length of the input fibers to the logic gates so the signals would arrive at the same time. This synchronization technique is called time-of-flight design. The group developed a design tool, called XHatch, to help design time-of-flight circuits. We used XHatch to determine the lengths of the optical fibers for the SPOC based on its circuit design. The fibers act as registers by storing the signals in space and time until they are fed into a logic element.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Undenatured Type II Collagen Singly or in Combination with Glucosamine and Chondroitin in Arthritic Dogs (2007)

ABSTRACT This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of glycosylated undenatured type II collagen (UC-II) alone or in combination with glucosamine HCl and chondroitin sulfate in arthritic dogs. Twenty dogs divided into four groups (n = 5) were daily treated orally for 120 days: group I, placebo; group II, 10 mg UC-II; group III, 2,000 mg glucosamine + 1,600 mg chondroitin; group IV, UC-II (10 mg) + glucosamine (2,000 mg) + chondroitin (1,600 mg), followed by a 30-day withdrawal period. On a monthly basis, dogs were examined for overall pain, pain upon limb manipulation, and exercise-associated lameness. Serum samples were analyzed for markers of liver function (ALT and bilirubin) and renal function (BUN and creatinine). Body weight was also measured at a monthly interval. Dogs in group I exhibited no change in arthritic conditions. Dogs receiving UC-II alone showed significant reductions in overall pain within 30 days (33%) and pain upon limb manipulation and exercise-associated lameness after 60 days (66% and 44%, respectively) of treatment. Maximum reductions in pain were noted after 120 days of treatment (overall pain reduction, 62%; pain reduction upon limb manipulation, 91%; and reduction in exercise-associated lameness, 78%). The overall activity of the dogs in the UC-II supplemented with glucosamine and chondroitin group (group IV) was significantly better than the glucosamine + chondroitin-supplemented group (group III). Glucosamine and chondroitin alleviated some pain, but in combination with UC-II (group IV) provided significant reductions in overall pain (57%), pain upon limb manipulation (53%), and exercise-associated lameness (53%). Following withdrawal of supplements, all dogs (groups II to IV) experienced a relapse of pain. None of the dogs in any groups showed any adverse effects or change in liver or kidney function markers or body weight. Data of this placebo-controlled study demonstrate that daily treatment of arthritic dogs with UC-II alone or in combination with glucosamine and chondroitin markedly alleviates arthritic-associated pain, and these supplements are well tolerated as no side effects were noted.
Study of potentiation of radiosensitivity by tetrandrine and its mechanism (2005)

Objective To investigate the radiosensitizing effect and the mechanism of action of tetrandrine(Tet) in human breast cancer MCF 7/ADR and MCF 7 cells. Methods The effect of Tet on the cytotoxicity of γ-ray was determined by clonogenic assay. Cell cycle arrest induced by γ irradiation was studied in the two cell lines by using flow cytometry, Western blotting was preformed to indicate the changes of Cyclin B1 and Cdc2 protein levels. Results Tet sensitized MCF 7/ADR cell line with mutant p53 to γ-ray by clonogenic assay. Flow cytometry assay showed that exposure of MCF 7/ADR cells to γ-ray caused cells arrest in G_2 phase. The SER of Tet was 1.51 in MCF 7/Adr cells. However, in MCF 7 cell line with wild p53, the SER of Tet was 1.10, the numbers of arrest G_2 phase cells were less than those in MCF 7/ADR cell line. It indicated that the sensitizing effect was lower than that in the p53 mutant cancer cells. The addition of Tet after irradiation resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of G_2 phase arrest induced by γ-ray. Furthermore, the results showed that Tet blocked decrease of Cyclin B1 and Cdc2 expression induced by γ-ray, while mitotic index measurement indicated that γ-ray-irradiated cells treated with Tet entered mitosis. Conclusion Tet is a potent G_2_ checkpoint abrogator and markedly enhances the cytotoxicity of γ irradiation in the p53 mutant cancer cells.
MURGUL BAKIR IŞLETMESI BACALARINDAN ÇIKAN KÜKÜRT DİOKSİD GAZLARI İLE BULAŞMIŞ OTLAR' YİYEN HAYVANLARDA SÜLFÜRİK ASİD İLE ZEHİRLENME OLAYLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR (1955)

Evcil hayvanlarımızda zehirlenmelerin sebepleri pefk çeşitlidir. En önem­ lilerinden aşağıda kasaca bahsedilecektir: a) Ot yiyen hayvanlann gıdaları ile birlikte zehirli bitkiler yemeleri; b) bo­ zulmuş besinlerin yenmesi; c) Tedavi hataları; Eczacı, veteriner veya hayvan sahibi tarafından yanhş ilâç kullanılması: e) Muzır hayvanlan öldürmek için kullanılan zehirlerin meydanda bırakılması; f) Zehirli boyaların hayvanlar tara­ fından yalanması; g) Zehirli hayvanların sokması; h) Etrafta zehirli maddele­ rin hazırlandığı Fabrikalar m bulunması; i) Harp gazları (Klor, Fosgen, Kükürt dioksid. Hardal gazı. Brom aseton v. s,). Bu gurup içerisine Atom enerjisinin tesirleri ile husule gelen zararları da ithal etmek icabeder (Bikinide ve Atol­ lerde .Amerikalıların tecrübeleri).
Simulating the Trapped $B$ Field in Bulk Superconductors Using a Mutual Inductance Coupling Technique (2012)

The field and current induced in a trapped field magnet during a transient current excitation is complicated by the fact that the conductivity of the material changes wildly depending on both the magnitude of the induced current and the local B field. A mutual inductance approach is presented for solving this coupled problem; it involves discretizing the bulk superconductor into cells and precomputing the inductance coupling matrix of all cells with one another and with the excitation coils. The benefits of this approach are that the numerical simulation is rapid and flexible. The latter is important because the conductivity of the individual cells is dependent on the current density, the magnetic field density magnitude, and the temperature. The proposed approach allows the modeling of a very sharp J-E relationship which has proved problematic using conventional finite element approaches. In addition, a phenomenological model relating the critical current density to the field is introduced for these tests in place of the Kim model. The field simulation is tested with a challenging dwell time experiment in which the trapped field above a bulk superconductor is predicted for various excitation current hold times.