gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The properties of AlGaN epi layer grown by HVPE (2012)

AlGaN는 3.4~6.2 eV까지 넓은 밴드갭을 가지는 직접천이형 반도체이다. 최근에 자외영역의 광소자가 다양하게 응용되면서 자외선 발광이 가능한 AlGaN 역시 주목받고 있다. 이를 위해서는 고품질의 AlGaN 층이 필요하지만 GaN 층위에 AlGaN 층을 성장하는 것은 이들의 격자상수와 열팽창계수 차이로 인해 어렵다. 본 논문에서, multi-sliding boat법이 적용된 혼합소스 HVPE법을 이용하여 GaN template 위에 LED 구조를 성장하였다. 활성층의 Al 조성을 조절함으로써 AlGaN의 격자상수 변화와 광학적 변화를 관찰하고자 하였다. 에피 성장을 위해 HCl과 <TEX>$NH_3$</TEX> 가스를 혼합소스 표면으로 흘려주었고, 수송가스로는 <TEX>$N_2$</TEX>를 사용하였다. 소스영역과 성장영역의 온도는 각각 900과 <TEX>$1090^{\circ}C$</TEX>로 안정화하였다. 성장 후 샘플은 x-ray diffraction(XRD)과 electro luminescence(EL) 측정을 하였다. The AlGaN layer has direct wide bandgaps ranging from 3.4 to 6.2 eV. Nowadays, it is becoming more important to fabricate optical devices in an UV region for the many applications. The high quality AlGaN layer is necessary to establish the UV optical devices. However, the growth of AlGaN layer on GaN layer is difficult due to the lattice mismatch and difference thermal expansion coefficient between GaN layer and AlGaN layer. In this paper, we attempted to grow the LED structure on GaN template by mixed-source HVPE method with multi-sliding boat system. We tried to find the optical and lattice transition of active layer by control the Al content in mixed-source. For the growth of epi layer, the HCl and <TEX>$NH_3$</TEX> gas were flowed over the mixed-source and the carrier gas was <TEX>$N_2$</TEX>. The temperature of source zone and growth zone was stabled at 900 and <TEX>$1090^{\circ}C$</TEX>, respectively. After the growth, we performed the x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electro luminescence (EL) measurement.
Ion-neutral collisions in a 22-pole trap at very low energies (1995)

This contribution concentrates on the use of an ion trapping technique which has been developed for studying collision processes and chemical reactions at low temperatures and which utilizes inhomogeneous radio frequency fields. Special emphasis is put onto recent progress achieved with a cryo cooled 22-pole ion trap. Experimental results, measured at a nominal temperature of 10 K, are presented for radiative association of CH3+ and C2H2+ with H2. Another group of results discussed in this paper deals with the dynamics of the growth of hydrogen clusters starting from H3+. In all cases, the influence of H2 rotation was examined by utilizing p-H2 and n-H2. Also the process of isotope fractionation in the presence of HD and D2 is briefly mentioned.
Purification, Reconstitution, and Inhibition of Cytochrome P-450 Sterol Δ <sup>22</sup> -Desaturase from the Pathogenic Fungus <i>Candida glabrata</i> (1999)

Sterol delta22-desaturase has been purified from a strain of Candida glabrata with a disruption in the gene encoding sterol 14alpha-demethylase (cytochrome P-45051; CYP51). The purified cytochrome P-450 exhibited sterol delta22-desaturase activity in a reconstituted system with NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase in dilaurylphosphatidylcholine, with the enzyme kinetic studies revealing a Km for ergosta-5,7-dienol of 12.5 microM and a Vmax of 0. 59 nmol of this substrate metabolized/min/nmol of P-450. This enzyme is encoded by CYP61 (ERG5) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and homologues have been shown in the Candida albicans and Schizosaccharomyces pombe genome projects. Ketoconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole formed low-spin complexes with the ferric cytochrome and exhibited type II spectra, which are indicative of an interaction between the azole moiety and the cytochrome heme. The azole antifungal compounds inhibited reconstituted sterol delta22-desaturase activity by binding to the cytochrome with a one-to-one stoichiometry, with total inhibition of enzyme activity occurring when equimolar amounts of azole and cytochrome P-450 were added. These results reveal the potential for sterol delta22-desaturase to be an antifungal target and to contribute to the binding of drugs within the fungal cell.
High power and low critical current spin torque oscillation from a magnetic tunnel junction with a built-in hard axis polarizer (2012)

The microwave power and the critical current of spin torque oscillator (STO) devices with a built-in hard axis polarizer have been studied. This design allows for an external-field-free STO. The time domain oscillation signals give direct evidence of higher output from the hard axis polarizer STO, which agrees with spectroscopic results. The hard axis polarizer STO generates a higher power because of the larger slope of the magnetoresistance-angle curve at the lowest energy potential. Furthermore, the hard axis polarizer STO shows a low critical current indicating the large spin torque effect when two magnetic layers are in the 90° configuration.
The Chinese Human Genome Diversity Project (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
FAMUS II: A Fast and Mechanistic Ultrasound Simulator Using an Impulse Response Approach (2016)

Real-time simulation of ultrasound images is increasingly important for providing a means of presenting a wide variety of clinical images for the training of ultrasound specialists and technologists. In order to realistically represent the visual effects caused by changes to the transducer position or its focal properties, very rapid transducer field response calculations are needed, typically on the order of a fraction of a second. Currently available methods are severely limited in this regard. Based on the impulse response, a point source/receiver method for accurately calculating the fields produced by ultrasound transducer arrays is proposed and illustrated with realistic B-mode and Doppler spectral display simulations. The results of this method (FAMUS II), which accounts for the attenuation frequency dependence of the propagating medium, are compared with those obtained with Field II both in terms of quality and computational speed. From a clinical simulation perspective, the qualitative differences are small. Because the method is inherently parallelizable, significant gains in computational speed can be achieved. For example, in B-mode imaging using an eight-core CPU, FAMUS II is shown to be more than two orders of magnitude faster than that achieved by Field II. As a result, we believe that this new method represents a significant step toward achieving real-time performance.
Histological & histochemical methods : theory and practice (1990)

Conventions and abbreviations Introduction to microtechnique Fixation Decalcification and other treatments for hard tissues processing and mounting Dyes Histological staining on one or two colours Staining blood and other cell suspensions Methods for connective tissue Methods for nucleic acids Organic functional groups and protein histochemistry Carbohydrate histochemistry Lipids Methods for inorganic ions Enzyme histochemistry: general considerations Hydrolytic enzymes Oxidoreductases Methods for soluble organic compounds of low molecular weight Metal reduction and precipitation methods Immunohistochemistry Miscellaneous data Bibliography Glossary Answers to exercises Index
Problems in large LANs (1988)

Some of the dynamic effects that occur in large local area networks (LANs) are described. Effects are considered at three different levels: single-network segments, connections between adjacent segments, and problems that appear only in large networks. To a large extent, the discussion is based on recent experience within the internet community. However, the observations should apply, in a general way, to large networks using other protocols as well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A signal/noise analysis of quasi-static MR elastography (2001)

In quasi-static magnetic resonance elastography, strain images of a tissue or material undergoing deformation are produced. In this paper, the signal/noise (S/N) ratio [SNR] of elastographic strain images, as measured by a phase-contrast technique, is analyzed. Experiments are conducted to illustrate how diffusion-mediated signal attenuation limits maximum strain SNR in small displacement cases, while the imaging point-spread function limits large displacement cases. A simple theoretical treatment agrees well with experiments and shows how an optimal displacement encoding moment can be predicted for a given experimental set of parameters to achieve a maximum strain SNR. A further experiment demonstrates how the limitation on strain SNR posed by the imaging point-spread function may potentially be overcome.
Roles of Renal Cytochrome P450-Dependent Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Hypertension. (1992)

Cytochrome P450 represents the third metabolic pathway of arachidonic acid giving rise to several biologically active compounds, such as 19-HETE, 20-HETE and EETs and their corresponding DHETs. The kidney is the rich source of these metabolites which have some important biologic actions within the kidney. These metabolites have a wide and contrasting spectrum of biological and renal effects, from vasodilation to vasoconstriction and from inhibition to stimulation of Na-K-ATPase, their relative production rates may influence not only renal hemodynamics but also pro- and anti-hypertensive mechanisms of hypertension. There is increasing evidence that the abnormality of these metabolites in animal models of hypertension. However, sufficient evidence of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of hypertension in man is still lacking.
Modular stability tools for distributed computation and control (2003)

Abstract Much recent functional modelling of the central nervous system, beyond traditional ‘neural net’ approaches, focuses on its distributed computational architecture. This paper discusses extensions of our recent work aimed at understanding this architecture from an overall non‐linear stability and convergence point of view, and at constructing artificial devices exploiting similar modularity. Applications to synchronization and to schooling are also described. The development makes extensive use of non‐linear contraction theory. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystal orientations for natural single phaseunidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) on Li <sub>2</sub> B <sub>4</sub> O <sub>7</sub> (1994)

New natural single phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) orientations on a lithium tetraborate (Li2B4O7) substrate are reported. The orientations of the Euler angles (0°, 18°,90°) and (0°, 51°, 90°) give an optimum phasing (±45°) between the transduction and reflection centres for an ideal NSPUDT action. The (0°, 78°, 90°) cut with zero temperature coefficient of delay (TCD) gives an NSPUDT with high directivity.
Quantifying diffusion MRI tractography of the corticospinal tract in brain tumors with deterministic and probabilistic methods (2013)

This study highlights the tremendous utility of intraoperative stimulation sites to provide a gold standard from which to evaluate diffusion MRI fiber tracking methods and has provided an object standard for evaluation of different diffusion models and approaches to fiber tracking. The probabilistic q-ball fiber tractography was significantly better than DTI methods in terms of sensitivity and accuracy of the course through the white matter. The commonly used DTI fiber tracking approach was shown to have very poor sensitivity (as low as 10% for deterministic DTI fiber tracking) for delineation of the lateral aspects of the corticospinal tract in our study. Effects of the tumor/edema resulted in significantly larger offsets between the subcortical IES and the preoperative fiber tracks. The provided data show that probabilistic HARDI tractography is the most objective and reproducible analysis but given the small sample and number of stimulation points a generalization about our results should be given with caution. Indeed our results inform the capabilities of preoperative diffusion fiber tracking and indicate that such data should be used carefully when making pre-surgical and intra-operative management decisions.
Bilingualism in Northern New England (1969)

Research Article| November 01 1969 Bilingualism in Northern New England Mary R. Miller Mary R. Miller University of Maryland Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Publication of the American Dialect Society (1969) 52 (1): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1215/PADS1969-52-1-1 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Mary R. Miller; Bilingualism in Northern New England. Publication of the American Dialect Society 1 November 1969; 52 (1): 1–23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/PADS1969-52-1-1 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsAmerican Dialect SocietyThe Publication of the American Dialect Society Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. American Dialect Society1971 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Simple Synthesis of Monodisperse, Quasi-spherical, Citrate-Stabilized Silver Nanocrystals in Water (2013)

Monodisperse, quasi-spherical silver nanocrystals (Ag NCs) have been produced directly in water via adding the aqueous solution of a mixture of AgNO3, sodium citrate, and KI into the boiling aqueous solutions of ascorbic acid (AA). The AA is used to significantly accelerate reduction of AgNO3 in order to promote a very fast nucleation, and the KI is used to tailor the growth of the Ag NCs into a quasi-spherical shape via its preferential adsorption on the NC {111} facets. The major role of citrate is to stabilize the newly formed NCs, whereas it has a minor contribution to reduction of AgNO3. The synergy of the effects of AA, citrate, and KI can significantly narrow the size distributions of the Ag NCs obtained so and transform the NC shapes to be truly quasi-spherical.
Bayesian optimization with robust Bayesian neural networks (2016)

Bayesian optimization is a prominent method for optimizing expensive-to-evaluate black-box functions that is widely applied to tuning the hyperparameters of machine learning algorithms. Despite its successes, the prototypical Bayesian optimization approach - using Gaussian process models - does not scale well to either many hyperparameters or many function evaluations. Attacking this lack of scalability and flexibility is thus one of the key challenges of the field. We present a general approach for using flexible parametric models (neural networks) for Bayesian optimization, staying as close to a truly Bayesian treatment as possible. We obtain scalability through stochastic gradient Hamiltonian Monte Carlo, whose robustness we improve via a scale adaptation. Experiments including multi-task Bayesian optimization with 21 tasks, parallel optimization of deep neural networks and deep reinforcement learning show the power and flexibility of this approach.
Automatic detection and classification of safety barriers in road construction sites using a laser scanner (2009)

Lateral control of trucks is a challenging task, especially in demanding environments such as road construction sites as the lane width is reduced. Detailed and highly accurate maps, which contain traffic infrastructure objects, will provide important information for a lane keeping assistant for heavy duty vehicles. This paper presents a new approach for the automatic detection and classification of safety barriers in road construction sites using a laser scanner. This data then is used for the generation of a detailed road work map.
Vascular calcification: new insights into an old problem (1998)

This review covers the pathology of intimal and medial vascular calcification and discusses the molecular mechanisms of vascular calcification in light of recent molecular biology and molecular genetic studies. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internal consistencies of the original and revised beck depression inventory (1984)

Studied internal consistencies of the 1961 and 1978 versions of the Beck Depression Inventory in two different samples of psychiatric patients. The alpha coefficient for the 598 inpatients and outpatients who were administered the 1961 version was .88, and the alpha coefficient for the 248 outpatients who were self-administered the 1978 version was .86. The patterns of corrected item-total correlations were also similar, and it was concluded that the internal consistencies of both versions were comparable.
Lipopeptidophosphoglycan from <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> (1977)

Lipopeptidophosphoglycan, extracted from whole cells of epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi, has now been shown to contain 12.6% of fatty acids in addition to the previously identified content of neutral sugars (60%), glucosamine (0.8%), peptide (9.5%) and acid-hydrolyzable phosphate (2%). The main fatty acids are palmitic (6.9%) and lignoceric (4.6%) acids. Stearic (0.55%), oleic (0.15%) and myristic (0.18%) acids were also found. One third of the fatty acids are bound in the lipopeptidophosphoglycan as esters (14 mmol%) and two thirds as amides (28 mmol%). Lignoceric acid was found to be bound only as amide. Two ninhydrin-positive compounds, obtained by chloroform extraction of a total acid hydrolysate of the lipopeptidophosphoglycan, were tentatively identified as sphingosine bases.
Förmedlad forntid i full skala (1999)

Fantasin är viktig när det förflutna ska ta gestalt i vår tid. Det vi är mest vana vid är museernas utställningar, där fragment av kun­skap blir till ögonblicksbilder i dioramats eller miniatyrens form. Men det finns också rollspel, teater och skönlitterära skildringar. Och inte minst en mängd rekonstruktioner av forntidsbyar, festivaler och marknader, vilka alla under senare år har blivit allt vanligare i både Sverige och Europa.
Organizing For Its: Computer Integrated Transportation Phase 2: Results For Commercial Vehicle Operators (1995)

This paper extends previous research on Computer Integrated Transportation (CIT) to commercial vehicle operations (CVO), specifically to examine how government can work with trucking companies within a CIT framework. The research entailed a review of how government currently interacts with trucking companies, interviews with trucking terminal managers, and case-studies on terminal operations at five of the nation's largest motor carriers. Opportunities are identified in the area of unifying interaction between government and industry and in the area of in- vehicle devices for automated record keeping.
Interfacial adhesion reaction of polyethylene and starch blends using maleated polyethylene reactive compatibilizer (2001)

Abstract The interfacial reaction of the polyethylene (PE)/starch blend system containing the reactive compatibilizer maleated polyethylene (m‐PE) was directly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. A significant amount of anhydride groups on m‐PE existed as hydrolyzed forms, resulting in a large amount of carboxyl groups. Using a vacuum‐heating‐cell designed in the laboratory, the carboxyl groups were successfully transformed into the dehydrolyzed state (i.e., anhydride group). This result enabled the direct spectroscopic observation of chemical reaction occurring at the interface. For the PE/starch blend system containing m‐PE, the chemical reaction at the interface was verified by the evolution of ester and carboxyl groups in the FTIR spectra. The effect of the reactive compatibilizer on the interfacial morphology was also examined by scanning electron micrography (SEM). Enhanced interfacial adhesion was clearly observed for the blend system containing reactive compatibilizer. Tensile strengths of blend systems containing m‐PE also increased noticeably compared with the corresponding system without compatibilizer. A similar observation was made for the breaking elongation data. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 767–776, 2002
Full Circle: General Semantics and the Law (1997)

General semantics has for years been noted for its multi-disciplinary utility. Few, if any, sets of techniques or insights are as applicable to so many endeavors: from anthropology to zoology, from musicology to management, from poetry to psychiatry. Of all the disciplines, or professions, that would surely find general semantics useful, one would suspect the law to be at the top of the list. law is, after all, a profession of wordsmiths. Lawyers are, perhaps, our highest paid writers and editors - with the possible exception of the most highly paid songwriters and ad agency copywriters, or the few screenwriters and novelists given multimillion-dollar advances. It is difficult to document the absence of something. But it is my impression from recollection that there have been relatively few articles written about the language of the law by general semanticists, or about general semantics by lawyers. This issue of ETC offers readers one of each - a pair of articles that are both related, in their own way, to the University of Iowa in Iowa City. It was nearly 45 years ago that my father, Wendell Johnson,(*) invited me to accompany him on a trip to Chicago during the Christmas holiday of my freshman year in college. He was to speak to a group of law professors attending a convention of the Association of American Law Schools. It was my first exposure to this organization, one that I would join a mere seven years later as a law professor at the University of California, Berkeley. title of his talk was Reducing Misunderstandings in Trying to Reach Agreements, and it was later published by the University of Iowa College of Law under that title as the lead article in the Spring 1954 Iowa Law Review. In 1981, 16 years after Dad's death in 1965, I began teaching at that law school in Iowa City. I'm still here in 1997. One of my most distinguished colleagues is Professor Randall P. Bezanson. Randy has been Dean of the law school at Washington and Lee University, a Vice President of the University of Iowa, a law professor at both institutions, a law clerk to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Harry A. Blackmun, and holder of a number of the honors bestowed on such an individual along the way. One of the traditions at the Iowa College of Law is the (usually weekly) presentation by a faculty member of a work in progress to his and her colleagues in a faculty seminar. In what many characterized as one of the best presentations ever, Professor Bezanson talked about a paper he was working on in late 1996. This draft of a book-length law review article, titled The Quality of First Amendment Speech, ultimately will be published in full by a major law review. …
Advanced Electrolytes for Fast‐Charging High‐Voltage Lithium‐Ion Batteries in Wide‐Temperature Range (2020)

Abstract LiNi x Mn y Co 1− x − y O 2 (NMC) cathode materials with Ni ≥ 0.8 have attracted great interest for high energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) but their practical applications under high charge voltages (e.g., 4.4 V and above) still face significant challenges due to severe capacity fading by the unstable cathode/electrolyte interface. Here, an advanced electrolyte is developed that has a high oxidation potential over 4.9 V and enables NMC811‐based LIBs to achieve excellent cycling stability in 2.5–4.4 V at room temperature and 60 °C, good rate capabilities under fast charging and discharging up to 3C rate (1C = 2.8 mA cm −2 ), and superior low‐temperature discharge performance down to −30 °C with a capacity retention of 85.6% at C/5 rate. It is also demonstrated that the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, not the electrolyte conductivity and viscosity, govern the LIB performance. This work sheds light on a very promising strategy to develop new electrolytes for fast‐charging high‐energy LIBs in a wide‐temperature range.