gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Purification of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Films by Use of Selective Oxidation and Near‐IR Spectroscopy. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cell membrane-bound proteases: not "only" proteolysis. (1996)

Ectopeptidases are widely distributed among various cell systems. Their expression on an appropriate cell type is finely regulated, reflecting the specific functional cell implications and engagement in defined physiological pathways. Protein turnover, ontogeny, inflammation, tissue remodelling, cell migration and tumor invasion are among the many physiological and pathological events in which cell-surface proteases play a crucial role, both as effector as well as regulatory molecules. It has recently become clear that also non-catalytic effects of membrane-bound proteases are of great importance in some biological regulations. They may generate specific signal transduction intracellularly, after reacting with certain target molecules. They may also play a pivotal role in cell-cell and cell-virus contact and recognition, as well as in binding to the extracellular matrix. This short review provides some insight into the multifunctional mechanisms attributed to cell membrane-bound proteases.
ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF HOT ELECTRONS IN ALUMINUM (1963)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. E. Collins, L. W. Davies; ENERGY DISTRIBUTION OF HOT ELECTRONS IN ALUMINUM. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 June 1963; 2 (11): 213–215. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1753739 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor enhances GABA<sub>A</sub>‐mediated IPSCs in the rat globus pallidus (2001)

1. The actions of adenosine A(2A) receptor agonists were examined on GABAergic synaptic transmission in the globus pallidus (GP) in rat brain slices using whole-cell patch-clamp recording. GP neurones were characterized into two major groups, type I and type II, according to the degree of time-dependent hyperpolarization-activated inward rectification and the size of input resistance. 2. The A(2A) receptor agonist 2-[p-(2-carboxyethyl)phenethylamino]-5'-N-ethylcarboxamido- adenosine (CGS21680; 0.3-3 microM) enhanced IPSCs evoked by stimulation within the GP. The actions of CGS21680 were blocked by the A(2A) antagonists (E)-8-(3,4-dimethoxystyryl)-1,3-dipropyl-7-methylxanthine (KF17837) and 4-(2-[7-amino-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[2,3-a][1,3,5]triazin-5-ylamino]ethyl)phenol (ZM241385). 3. The CGS21680-induced increase in IPSCs was associated with a reduction in paired-pulse facilitation. CGS21680 (0.3 microM) increased the frequency of miniature IPSCs (mIPSCs) without affecting mIPSC amplitude. These observations demonstrated that the enhancement of IPSCs in the GP was attributable to presynaptic, but not postsynaptic, A(2A) receptors. 4. The results suggest that A(2A) receptors in the GP serve to inhibit GP neuronal activity, thereby disinhibiting subthalamic nucleus neurone activity. Thus, the A(2A) receptor-mediated presynaptic regulation in the GP, together with the A(2A) receptor-mediated intrastriatal presynaptic control of GABAergic neurotransmission described previously, may play a crucial role in controlling the neuronal functions of basal ganglia. This A(2A) receptor-mediated presynaptic dual control in the striatopallidal pathway could also afford the mode of action of A(2A) antagonists for ameliorating the symptoms of Parkinson's disease in an animal model.
Formation of Polymorphic Cluster Phases for a Class of Models of Purely Repulsive Soft Spheres (2006)

We present results from density functional theory and computer simulations that unambiguously predict the occurrence of first-order freezing transitions for a large class of ultrasoft model systems into cluster crystals. The clusters consist of fully overlapping particles and arise without the existence of attractive forces. The number of particles participating in a cluster scales linearly with density, therefore the crystals feature density-independent lattice constants. Clustering is accompanied by polymorphic bcc-fcc transitions, with fcc being the stable phase at high densities.
Studies of Engine Combustion Processes by Ionization Current (1961)

Ionization current flowing across the probe gap inserted in an engine combustion chamber is observed by means of an oscilloscope, and the effects on the current of operating conditions, type of fuel used, source voltage or resistance in the current circuit and others are studied. The current is found to be in response to the various states of combustion, and the validity of the ionization current method for indicating engine combustion processes is verified. Features distinguishing the knocking combustion are also studied in detail, and it is confirmed that the oscillation peculiar to knocking can be observed in the ionization current as well. A knockmeter of novel type which is very simple and applicable in commercial engines as well as test engines is developed, and it is ascertained to be quite satisfactory.
FUZZY P-LIMIT SPACES (1991)

The notion of convergence in a fuzzy topological space was intorduced in various aspects as a local theory of fuzzy topologies [2,9,10,11,12,15,19,20]. In [12] a notion of fuzzy limitierung on a set is defined in terms of prefilters convergent to a fuzzy point and allows natural function structure in it. In this paper using fuzzy x-filters we introduce a notion of convergence to a point in a set, called a fuzzy p-limitierung, generalizing that of fuzzy neighborhood system introduced by Warren [18], which characterizes fuzzy topology. The notion of fuzzy p-limitierung enables us to form a convenient class containing all fuzzy topological spaces and all limit spaces. In section 4 we show that in fuzzy topology there is no natural function space structure. We show that fuzzy p-limit spaces form a quasitopos and give explicitly natural function space structure in it, providing an exponential law C(X*Y,Z)=C(X,C(Y,Z)). Form a categorical point of view the category FpLim of fuzzy p-limit spaces and fuzzy continuous maps is shown to be a quasitopos (=topological universe) containing the category FTop of fuzzy topological spaces as a bireflective subcategory and the category Lim of limit spaces as a bicoreflective subcategory. Throughout this paper, we use Lowen's notion of fuzzy topology[7]. For categorical background we refer to [4, 6]
Computerized interpretation of breast MRI: Investigation of enhancement‐variance dynamics (2004)

The advantages of breast MRI using contrast agent Gd-DTPA in the diagnosis of breast cancer have been well established. The variation of interpretation criteria and absence of interpretation guidelines, however, is a major obstacle for applications of MRI in the routine clinical practice of breast imaging. Our study aims to increase the objectivity and reproducibility of breast MRI interpretation by developing an automated interpretation approach for ultimate use in computer-aided diagnosis. The database in this study contains 121 cases: 77 malignant and 44 benign masses as revealed by biopsy. Images were obtained using a T1-weighted 3D spoiled gradient echo sequence. After the acquisition of the precontrast series, Gd-DTPA contrast agent was injected intravenously by power injection with a dose of 0.2 mmol/kg. Five postcontrast series were then taken with a time interval of 60 s. Each series contained 64 coronal slices with a matrix of 128 x 256 pixels and an in-plane resolution of 1.25 x 1.25 mm2. Slice thickness ranged from 2 to 3 mm depending on breast size. The lesions were delineated by an experienced radiologist as well as independently by computer using an automatic volume-growing algorithm. Fourteen features that were extracted automatically from the lesions could be grouped into three categories based on (I) morphology, (II) enhancement kinetics, and (III) time course of enhancement-variation over the lesion. A stepwise feature selection procedure was employed to select an effective subset of features, which were then combined by linear discriminant analysis (LDA) into a discriminant score, related to the likelihood of malignancy. The classification performances of individual features and the combined discriminant score were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. With the radiologist-delineated lesion contours, stepwise feature selection yielded four features and an Az value of 0.80 for the LDA in leave-one-out cross-validation testing. With the computer-segmented lesion volumes, it yielded six features and an Az value of 0.86 for the LDA in the leave-one-out testing.
Relationship between velocity and anisotropy perturbations and anomalous stress field around salt bodies (2009)

Due to a growing demand for new hydrocarbon reservoirs, subsalt exploration has increased significantly during this decade. Subsalt imaging and drilling pose many challenges and opportunities, and subsalt velocity estimation is crucial for both tasks.
Blind inverse gamma correction (2001)

The luminance nonlinearity introduced by many imaging devices can often be described by a simple point-wise operation (gamma correction). This paper presents a technique for blindly estimating the amount of gamma correction in the absence of any calibration information or knowledge of the imaging device. The basic approach exploits the fact that gamma correction introduces specific higher-order correlations in the frequency domain. These correlations can be detected using tools from polyspectral analysis. The amount of gamma correction is then estimated by minimizing these correlations.
Partial Inactivation of the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Area: Effects on Individuated Finger Movements (1998)

After large lesions of the primary motor cortex (M1), voluntary movements of affected body parts are weak and slow. In addition, the relative independence of moving one body part without others is lost; attempts at individuated movements of a given body part are accompanied by excessive, unintended motion of contiguous body parts. The effects of partial inactivation of the M1 hand area are comparatively unknown, however. If the M1 hand area contains the somatotopically ordered finger representations implied by the classic homunculus or simiusculus, then partial inactivation might produce weakness, slowness, and loss of independence of one or two adjacent digits without affecting other digits. But if control of each finger movement is distributed in the M1 hand area as many studies suggest, then partial inactivation might produce dissociation of weakness, slowness, and relative independence of movement, and which fingers movements are impaired might be unrelated to the location of the inactivation along the central sulcus. To investigate the motoric deficits resulting from partial inactivation of the M1 hand area, we therefore made single intracortical injections of muscimol as trained monkeys performed visually cued, individuated flexion-extension movements of the fingers and wrist. We found little if any evidence that which finger movements were impaired after each injection was related to the injection location along the central sulcus. Unimpaired fingers could be flanked on both sides by impaired fingers, and the flexion movements of a given finger could be unaffected even though the extension movements were impaired, or vice versa. Partial inactivation also could produce dissociated weakness and slowness versus loss of independence in a given finger movement. These findings suggest that control of each individuated finger movement is distributed widely in the M1 hand area.
Targeted Reinnervation for Transhumeral Amputees: Current Surgical Technique and Update on Results (2009)

Targeted reinnervation for transhumeral amputees can now be performed in patients with amputations at the level of the middle of the humerus or longer.
Hydrogen generation from water using Mg nanopowder produced by arc plasma method (2012)

We report that hydrogen gas can be easily produced from water at room temperature using a Mg nanopowder (30-1000 nm particles, average diameter 265 nm). The Mg nanopowder was produced by dc arc melting of a Mg ingot in a chamber with mixed-gas atmosphere (20% N<sub>2</sub>-80% Ar) at 0.1 MPa using custom-built nanopowder production equipment. The Mg nanopowder was passivated with a gas mixture of 1% O<sub>2</sub> in Ar for 12 h in the final step of the synthesis, after which the nanopowder could be safely handled in ambient air. The nanopowder vigorously reacted with water at room temperature, producing 110 ml of hydrogen gas per 1 g of powder in 600 s. This amount corresponds to 11% of the hydrogen that could be generated by the stoichiometric reaction between Mg and water. Mg(OH)<sub>2</sub> flakes formed on the surface of the Mg particles as a result of this reaction. They easily peeled off, and the generation of hydrogen continued until all the Mg was consumed.
Baroreflexes of the rat. V. Tetanus-induced potentiation of ADN A-fiber responses at the NTS (2007)

In a long-term neuromuscular blocked (NMB) rat preparation, tetanic stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve (ADN) enhanced the A-fiber evoked responses (ERs) in the cardiovascular region, the nucleus of the solitary tract (dmNTS). The potentiation persisted for at least several hours and may be a mechanism for adaptive adjustment of the gain of the baroreflex, with functional implications for blood pressure regulation. Using a capacitance electrode, we selectively stimulated A-fibers and acquired a stable 10-h "A-fiber only" ER baseline at the dmNTS. Following baseline, an A+C-fiber activating tetanus was applied to the ADN. The tetanus consisted of 1,000 "high current" pulses (10 trains; 300 mus, 100 Hz, 1 s), with intertrain interval of 9 s. A 10-h A-fiber only posttetanic test phase repeated the stimulus pattern of the baseline. Fourteen tetanus experiments were done in 12 rats. Compared with the baseline before tetanus, the A-fiber ER magnitudes of posttetanus hours were larger [F(13, 247) = 3.407, P < .001]; additionally, the 10-h posttetanus magnitude slopes were more positive than during 10 h before tetanus (df = 13; t = -3.47; P < 0.005); thus, an ADN A+C fiber-activating tetanus produced increases in the magnitude of the A-fiber ERs in the dmNTS that persisted for several hours. In an additional rat, application of an NMDA receptor antagonist, prior to the tetanus, blocked the potentiation effect. The stimulus protocols, magnitude and duration of the effect, and pharmacology resemble associative long-term potentiation (LTP).
Solution structure of native proteins with irregular folds from Raman optical activity (2000)

Raman optical activity (ROA) spectra have been measured for the proteins hen phosvitin, yeast invertase, bovine alpha-casein, soybean Bowman-Birk protease inhibitor, and rabbit Cd(7)-metallothionein, all of which have irregular folds in the native state. The results show that ROA is able to distinguish between two types of disorder. Specifically, invertase, alpha-casein, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor, and metallothionein appear to possess a "static" type of disorder similar to that in disordered states of poly(L-lysine) and poly(L-glutamic acid); whereas phosvitin appears to possess a more "dynamic" type of disorder similar to that in reduced (unfolded) lysozyme and ribonuclease A and also in molten globule protein states. In the delimiting cases, static disorder corresponds to that found in loops and turns within native proteins with well-defined tertiary folds that contain sequences of residues with fixed but nonrepetitive phi,psi angles; and dynamic disorder corresponds to that envisaged for the model random coil in which there is a distribution of Ramachandran phi,psi angles for each amino acid residue, giving rise to an ensemble of interconverting conformers. In both cases there is a propensity for the phi,psi angles to correspond to the alpha, beta and poly(L-proline) II (PPII) regions of the Ramachandran surface, as in native proteins with well-defined tertiary folds. Our results suggest that, with the exception of invertase and metallothionein, an important conformational element present in the polypeptide and protein states supporting the static type of disorder is that of the PPII helix. Long sequences of relatively unconstrained PPII helix, as in alpha-casein, may impart a plastic (rheomorphic) character to the structure.
Current treatment of sepsis and endotoxaemia (2000)

This article reviews the new criteria for selecting the proper antimicrobial agent and dosage regimen for standard treatment of severe sepsis, with the intention of preventing septic shock. After introducing new concepts on the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock, the authors analyse the parameters of beta-lactam antibacterial activity, the antibiotic-induced release of bacterial endotoxin and the interrelationships between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics in the search for an optimum dosage regimen of antimicrobial mono- or polytherapy for severely ill septic patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The mortality rate resulting from severe bacterial sepsis, particularly that associated with shock, still approaches 50% in spite of appropriate antimicrobial therapy and optimum supportive care. Bacterial endotoxins that are part of the cell wall are one of the cofactors in the pathogenesis of sepsis and septic shock and are often induced by antimicrobial chemotherapy, even if administered rationally. Not all antimicrobial agents are equally capable of inducing septic shock; this is dependent on their mechanism of action rather than on the causative pathogen species. The quantity of endotoxin released depends on the drug dose and whether filaments or spheroplast formation predominate. Some antibiotics, such as carbapenems, ceftriaxone, cefepime, glycopeptides, aminoglycosides and quinolones, do not have the propensity to provoke septic shock because their rapid bacterial activity induces mainly spheroplast or fragile spheroplast-like bacterial forms.
Asymmetric Synthesis of β<sup>2,3</sup>‐Amino Acids by InI—Pd(0)‐Promoted Metalation and Addition of Chiral 2‐Vinylaziridines. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
COOPERATION OF MUTUALLY SUSPICIOUS SUBSYSTEMS IN A COMPUTER UTILITY (1972)

The report describes practical protection mechanisms that allow mutually suspicious subsystems to cooperate in a single computation and still be protected from one another. The mechanisms are based on the division of a computation into independent domains of access privilege, each of which may encapsulate a protected subsystem. The central component of the mechanisms is a hardware processor that automatically enforces the access constraints associated with a multidomain computation implemented as a single execution point in a segmented virtual memory.
Notes on the nesting habits of some mountain dwelling birds in Utah (1941)

In the course of field work in mountainous portions of Utali during the past few years the writer has had occasion to take note of nesting activities of some of the birds of these higher elevations.These obser- vations have been made mostly on Mt.Timpanogos, Utah County, and on the west end of the Uinta Mountains, Wasatch County, at ele- vations of 7,000 feet and above.Although the material contained here- in is fragmentar}-it is hoped that it will throw some light upon a subject that is little known.Spityrapicus varius nuchalis Baird.Red-naped Sapsucker The breeding of this species occurs mostly in mature aspen woods, but a few individuals may occasionally frequent coniferous forests.On April 5, 1940 at Aspen Grove, Mt.Timpanogos. a pair was seen preparing for mating.The male was seen to follow the female closely
Advances in Parkinson’s Disease: 200 Years Later (2018)

When James Parkinson described the classical symptoms of the disease he could hardly foresee the evolution of our understanding over the next two hundred years. Nowadays, Parkinson's disease is considered a complex multifactorial disease in which genetic factors, either causative or susceptibility variants, unknown environmental cues, and the potential interaction of both could ultimately trigger the pathology. Noteworthy advances have been made in different fields from the clinical phenotype to the decoding of some potential neuropathological features, among which are the fields of genetics, drug discovery or biomaterials for drug delivery, which, though recent in origin, have evolved swiftly to become the basis of research into the disease today. In this review, we highlight some of the key advances in the field over the past two centuries and discuss the current challenges focusing on exciting new research developments likely to come in the next few years. Also, the importance of pre-motor symptoms and early diagnosis in the search for more effective therapeutic options is discussed.
Unprecedented Ring Transformation of an α,α′-Monosubstituted 2,4,5-Triphenylpyrylium Salt with η<sup>3</sup>-Phosphines: Efficient Synthesis of Aryl- and Alkylphosphonium Triphenylcyclopentadienylides (2010)

The ring transformation of the α-reactive 2,4,5-triphenylpyrylium salt 1 with η3-phosphines to the aryl- and alkylphosphonium triphenylcyclopentadienylides 5 is reported. The mechanism of this unprecedented transformation might involve tandem conjugate addition and intramolecular Wittig cyclization.
Neutron area survey instrument measurements in the EVIDOS project (2006)

Neutron survey instruments have been exposed at all the measurement locations used in the EVIDOS project. These results have an important impact in the interpretation of the results from the project, since operationally the survey instrument will be used for an initial assessment of and routine monitoring of the ambient dose equivalent dose rate. Additionally, since the response of these instruments is in some cases very well characterised, their systematic deviations from the reference quantities provide an important verification of the determination of those quantities.
Applied And Proposed Installations With Silent Disco Headphones For Multi-Elemental Creative Expression (2013)

Breaking musical and creative expression into elements, layers, and formulas, we explore how live listeners create unique sonic experiences from a palette of these elements and their interactions. Bringing us to present-day creative applications, a social and historical overview of silent disco is presented. The advantages of this active listening interface are outlined by the author's expressions requiring discrete elements, such as binaural beats, 3D audio effects, and multiple live music acts in the same space. Events and prototypes as well as hardware and software proposals for live multi-listener manipulation of multielemental sound and music are presented. Examples in audio production, sound healing, music composition, tempo phasing, and spatial audio illustrate the applications.