gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RuPS: Rural participatory sensing with rewarding mechanisms for crop monitoring (2015)

Mobile crowdsensing for rural applications is an emerging trend in developing regions. Rewarding mechanisms are warranted for the adoption of this paradigm for rural applications. Towards this end, we first develop a novel event based Rural Participatory Sensing (RuPS) framework for agricultural crop monitoring which rewards farmers based on their participation levels. To the best of our knowledge, our work is first-of-a-kind in designing reward mechanisms for rural participatory sensing. In particular, we propose a novel Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) based rewarding scheme which incorporates event-centric and GIS attributes for agricultural applications. We envision that this domain-specific rewarding scheme will be suitable for the RuPS framework to motivate farmers to participate. Participants reported events related to the citrus crop for a three-month period, using the RuPS mobile application. Based on the quantity and quality of sensing data contributed we develop a ranking scheme using MCDM methods. We conclude that the TOPSIS-AHP based ranking scheme provides the best performance score resolution in comparison with other MCDM based schemes and advocate its use for ranking participants in a RuPS framework.
Embedded color image coding using context-modeled wavelet difference reduction (2004)

A novel embedded wavelet coding algorithm for color image and video compression is proposed. A color image is first represented in YUV color space. The discrete wavelet transform of each of the three color components is then calculated separately. The luminance component is compressed with context-modeled wavelet difference reduction (CM-WDR). The chrominance components are compressed using the contextual information obtained during the coding of the luminance component. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than two latest wavelet-based benchmark schemes, namely CEZW and JPEG2000, in terms of color SNR and component PSNR.
Modern Small Antennas (2014)

If you are involved in designing and developing small antennas, this complete cutting-edge guide covers everything you need to know. From fundamentals and basic theory to design optimization, evaluation, measurements and simulation techniques, all the essential information is included. You will also get many practical examples from a range of wireless systems, whilst a glossary is provided to bring you up to speed on the latest terminology. A wide variety of small antennas is covered, and design and practice steps are described for each type: electrically small, functionally small, physically constrained small and physically small. Whether you are a professional in industry, a researcher, or a graduate student, this is your essential guide to small antennas.
A Suspended-Substrate Ku-Band Symmetric Radial Power Combiner (2011)

This letter presents a novel eight-way radial power combiner that exhibits wide bandwidth and very low insertion loss. The peripheral ports of this power combiner use low loss suspended substrate stripline. A cylindrical cavity is introduced as the power combining structure to obtain high combining efficiency and high power handling capability. The proposed power combining structure successfully integrates planar transmission lines with a 3-D cavity structure to realize a wide band, low loss, and compact eight-way power combiner. Measured results show a bandwidth of 3.6 GHz from 12.1 to 15.7 GHz with return loss better than 19 dB and insertion loss less than 0.17 dB, which agree very well with simulated results.
Morphology engineering of WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub>heterojunctions for efficient photocatalytic water oxidation (2016)

Four types of nanostructural WO3/BiVO4 heterojunctions were designed by depositing a BiVO4 layer onto WO3 scaffolds with different morphologies and investigated to understand the influence of heterojunction morphology on their photoelectrochemical performances. The architecture of WO3 scaffolds was controlled by adjusting the solvents used in their solvothermal synthesis. The solvent was found to exert a great influence on the architecture of the obtained WO3 scaffolds. Methanol leads to the formation of block-like nanostructures and ethanol facilitates the formation of nanorods, while isopropyl alcohol and ethylene glycol give rise to the formation of triangular nanowalls and 3D hierarchical nanostructures, respectively. Monoclinic WO3 nanostructures were obtained via removal of ammonium or structural water by annealing the samples obtained at 510 °C in air. A BiVO4 layer was then deposited on the monoclinic WO3 scaffolds with different morphologies by spin-coating to form WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction films, which show significantly enhanced photocurrents compared to their corresponding bare WO3 scaffolds. Among these WO3/BiVO4 nanostructure heterojunctions, the one based on a rod-like WO3 nanostructure shows the best photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance, which can be ascribed to its optimal rod-like morphology, for the construction of WO3/BiVO4 heterojunction regarding efficient charge carrier transfer and collection, while the other one based on WO3 nanowalls exhibits better stability and a higher photocurrent in a long-run test, indicating that morphology engineering significantly influences the activity and stability of WO3-based heterojunctions.
Cofactor-mediated conformational control in the bifunctional kinase/RNase Ire1 (2011)

Our structural and biochemical evidence converges on a model that the cofactor-induced conformational change in Ire1 is coupled to oligomerization of the receptor, which, in turn, activates RNase. The data reveal that cofactor-Ire1 interactions occur in two independent steps: binding of a cofactor to Ire1 and subsequent rearrangement of Ire1 resulting in its self-association. The pronounced allosteric effect of cofactors on protein-protein interactions involving Ire1's kinase domain suggests that protein kinases and pseudokinases encoded in metazoan genomes may use ATP pocket-binding ligands similarly to exert signaling roles other than phosphoryl transfer.
A Scalable, Partially Configurable Optical Switch for Data Center Networks (2016)

Optical circuit switching may be instrumental in meeting the cost, energy, and aggregate bandwidth requirements of future data center networks. However, conventional MEMS beam-steering cross-connects cannot provide submillisecond switching with the port count necessary for data centers. Here, we investigate a novel noncrossbar selector switch architecture and pupil-division switching layout to improve optical switching performance by relaxing the requirement of arbitrary switch configurability. This architecture and switch design enable MEMS beam-steering micromirrors to scale to microsecond response speeds while supporting high port count and low loss switching, and can realize a number of useful interconnection topologies. We present the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a proof-of-principle prototype using a single comb-driven MEMS mirror to achieve 150 μs switching of 61 ports between four preprogrammed interconnection mappings. We demonstrate the scalability of this switch architecture with a detailed optical design of a 2048-port selector switch with 20 μs switching time.
Impact of Sterilization Methods on the Stability of Silk Fibroin Solution (2011)

Different sterilization techniques such as Co(60) gamma irradiation and autoclaving were used to treat the regenerated Bombyx mori silk fibroin (RSF) in aqueous solutions. The effect of the two above mentioned sterilization methods on the conformational changes and gelation rate of RSF was studied. According to the analysis of circular dichroism spectroscopy, gamma irradiation may initiate the conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet for RSF, while autoclaving shows less significant influence on the structure changes of RSF in aqueous solutions. The results also indicate that gelation time decreased to 5 days after γ-irradiation treatment while gelation time increased to 31 days after autoclave treatment. Moreover, particles of RSF in solutions changed larger and gelation time increased when autoclaving treatment time extended. However, no detectable changes of RSF secondary structure were found investigated by XRD and FTIR. Which indicated that under both sterilization methods, the RSF structure was transformed from random coil to β-sheet structure after gelation.
Applications of Radioactive Chlorine to the Study of the Mechanisms of Reactions Involving Changes in the Oxidation State of Chlorine (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of Radioactive Chlorine to the Study of the Mechanisms of Reactions Involving Changes in the Oxidation State of ChlorineHenry. Taube and Harold. DodgenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3330–3336Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stabilization of YMnO<sub>3</sub> in a Perovskite Structure as a Thin Film (1998)

Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), metastable perovskite YMnO3 films were grown from a hexagonal YMnO3 target. The stabilization of the metastable phase is a result of the structural similarity between it and the perovskite substrates. X-ray and electron diffraction confirm the films' epitaxial nature but evince that the orientation and residual strains depend on the substrate. The implication of these findings is that PLD is a simple synthetic approach to stabilizing new, more complex, metastable perovskites.
Polyhalogenoheterocyclic compounds. Part 38. Reactions of fluorinated-alkenes and -cycloalkenes with difunctional nucleophiles (1987)

Reactions of fluorinated alkenes and cycloalkenes (6)–(12) with difunctional nucleophiles, viz. pyrocatechol, toluene-3,4-dithiol, o-aminophenol, and o-aminothiophenol, were found to give a range of heterocyclic products, generally in good yield, under mild conditions. A mechanistic rationalisation for product formation is contained.
SQ109 Targets MmpL3, a Membrane Transporter of Trehalose Monomycolate Involved in Mycolic Acid Donation to the Cell Wall Core of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

SQ109, a 1,2-diamine related to ethambutol, is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of tuberculosis, but its mode of action remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that SQ109 disrupts cell wall assembly, as evidenced by macromolecular incorporation assays and ultrastructural analyses. SQ109 interferes with the assembly of mycolic acids into the cell wall core of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as bacilli exposed to SQ109 show immediate inhibition of trehalose dimycolate (TDM) production and fail to attach mycolates to the cell wall arabinogalactan. These effects were not due to inhibition of mycolate synthesis, since total mycolate levels were unaffected, but instead resulted in the accumulation of trehalose monomycolate (TMM), the precursor of TDM and cell wall mycolates. In vitro assays using purified enzymes showed that this was not due to inhibition of the secreted Ag85 mycolyltransferases. We were unable to achieve spontaneous generation of SQ109-resistant mutants; however, analogs of this compound that resulted in similar shutdown of TDM synthesis with concomitant TMM accumulation were used to spontaneously generate resistant mutants that were also cross-resistant to SQ109. Whole-genome sequencing of these mutants showed that these all had mutations in the essential mmpL3 gene, which encodes a transmembrane transporter. Our results suggest that MmpL3 is the target of SQ109 and that MmpL3 is a transporter of mycobacterial TMM.
Cell wall glycosphingolipids ofSphingomonas paucimobilisare CD1d-specific ligands for NKT cells (2005)

The current consensus on characterization of NKT cells is based on their reactivity to the synthetic glycolipid, alpha-galactosylceramide (alpha-GalCer) in a CD1d-dependent manner. Because of the limited availability of alpha-GalCer, there is a constant search for CD1d-presented ligands that activate NKT cells. The alpha-anomericity of the carbohydrate is considered to be an important requisite for the CD1d-specific activation of NKT cells. The gram-negative, lipopolysaccharide-free bacterium Sphingomonas paucimobilis is known to contain glycosphingolipids (GSL) with alpha-anomeric sugars attached to the lipid chain. Here, we report that GSL extracted from this bacterium are able to stimulate NKT cells in a CD1d-specific manner. In addition, soluble CD1d-Ig dimers loaded with this lipid extract specifically bind to NKT cells (but not conventional T cells). Further studies on the S. paucimobilis GSL could potentially lead to other natural sources of CD1d-specific ligands useful for NKT cell analyses and aimed at identifying novel therapies for a variety of disease states.
pH hysteresis effect with silica capillaries in capillary zone electrophoresis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTpH hysteresis effect with silica capillaries in capillary zone electrophoresisWilliam J. Lambert and David L. MiddletonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 15, 1585–1587Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00214a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00214a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views646Altmetric-Citations185LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Price Forecasting in the Day-Ahead Energy Market by an Iterative Method with Separate Normal Price and Price Spike Frameworks (2013)

A forecasting methodology for prediction of both normal prices and price spikes in the day-ahead energy market is proposed. The method is based on an iterative strategy implemented as a combination of two modules separately applied for normal price and price spike predictions. The normal price module is a mixture of wavelet transform, linear AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and nonlinear neural network models. The probability of a price spike occurrence is produced by a compound classifier in which three single classification techniques are used jointly to make a decision. Combined with the spike value prediction technique, the output from the price spike module aims to provide a comprehensive price spike forecast. The overall electricity price forecast is formed as combined normal price and price spike forecasts. The forecast accuracy of the proposed method is evaluated with real data from the Finnish Nord Pool Spot day-ahead energy market. The proposed method provides significant improvement in both normal price and price spike prediction accuracy compared with some of the most popular forecast techniques applied for case studies of energy markets.
Optimal Size of Silver Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

The optimal size of spherical silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for off-resonance surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) was found to be ∼50 nm based on the equivalent Ag content in AgNP colloids. It is understood that the SERS intensity of adsorbates on the surface of metal nanoparticles is dependent on the size and shape of the particles of interest. Herein, we report a seeded growth mechanism for the formation of silver nanoparticles that allows superior control over the size of the resultant nanoparticles with relatively low polydispersity. The high degree of size control allows for a better understanding of the study of the effect of particle size on SERS intensity. The Raman study performed here employed a long-wavelength excitation (785 nm) so as to avoid photochemical degradation of adsorbed species and photochemical transformation under intense excitation. Under these experimental conditions, it was found that the optimal size of AgNPs for providing a maximum SERS intensity of adsorbed R6G is ∼50−60 nm, a result that is expected to extend to other adsorbates as well.
Study on reinforced concrete beams strengthened using shape memory alloy wires in combination with carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer plates (2007)

It has been proven that carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets or plates are capable of improving the strength of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. However, residual deformation of RC structures in service reduces the effect of CFRP strengthening. SMA can be applied to potentially decrease residual deformation and even close concrete cracks because of its recovery forces imposed on the concrete when heated. Therefore, a method of a RC structure strengthened by CFRP plates in combination with SMA wires is proposed in this paper. The strengthening effect of this method is investigated through experiments and numerical study based on the nonlinear finite element software ABAQUS in simple RC beams. Parametric analysis and assessment of damage by defining a damage index are carried out. The results indicate that recovery forces of SMA wires can decrease deflections and even close cracks in the concrete. The recovery rate of deflection of the beam increases with increasing the ratio of SMA wires. The specimen strengthened with CFRP plates has a relatively large stiffness and smaller damage index value when the residual deformation of the beam is first reduced by activation of the SMA wires. The effectiveness of this strengthening method for RC beams is verified by experimental and numerical results.
养生饮食：巧搭配“小”食物成就大效果 (2012)

在这个食品安全得不到保障的年代，人人都希望能养成健康饮食的好习惯，但很多人并不知道应当从何做起。本文为你揭开养生饮食神秘的面纱：其实，合理的搭配在健康的饮食中至关重要，只要了解文中简单的搭配“法则”，就算是普通食材也能吃出特殊功效，从而达到事半功倍的效果。
Toxic shock syndrome. A newly recognized complication of influenza and influenzalike illness (1987)

Nine cases of severe hypotension or death compatible with toxic shock syndrome (TSS) as a complication of influenza and influenzalike illness were identified in Minnesota with onsets between Jan 2, 1986, and Feb 23, 1986, in which five of the patients died. During this time, an influenza outbreak was occurring in the state. Cultures of respiratory secretions were performed in eight patients; Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from all of them. Seven S aureus isolates were available for determination of exotoxin production; five isolates produced toxic shock syndrome toxin-1, one produced enterotoxin B, and one produced both. Acute influenza B infection was confirmed in three of four patients for whom throat cultures or acute and convalescent serum samples were available. Two patients fulfilled the Centers for Disease Control-confirmed case definition for TSS. Four additional patients fulfilled the CDC criteria for a probable case of TSS, and TSS was a likely diagnosis in the remaining three patients. The initial presentation was suggestive of nonsuppurative tracheitis or viral pneumonia in eight patients. In the remaining patient, the initial clinical presentation was compatible with staphylococcal pneumonia. This report demonstrates that TSS can occur as a complication of influenza and influenzalike illness.
The Determination of Reverberant Sound Absorption Coefficients from Acoustic Impedance Measurements (1950)

A procedure is outlined whereby acoustic impedance measurements may be utilized to predict reverberant sound absorption coefficients. The average of coefficients for the six standard frequencies so determined agrees closely with the average reverberant coefficient, for cases where the material may be said to obey the normal impedance assumption. A method of utilizing acoustic impedance tube measurements in the field, for acceptance testing, is indicated which should be applicable even in cases where the normal impedance assumption is violated. On the theoretical side, best agreement with experiment was obtained by utilizing a new kind of statistics which associates, with each wave packet in a random field, a scalar quantity equal to the square of the absolute value of the sound pressure in each packet, instead of the customary energy flow treatment. On the other hand, it was found necessary to utilize a semi-empirical concept of equivalent impedance as distinguished from the usual complex impedance treatment.
A general method for deriving output resistances of serial fixed type switched-capacitor power supplies (2002)

A simple method for deriving analytically the output resistance of switched-capacitor (SC) power supplies is presented. By using the proposed method, the output resistances of the serial fixed type SC transformers are derived as a general case. The obtained output resistances are exactly equal to those using the conventional method.
Application of the Study of Reactivity of Alkaline Salts of Isocyanuric Acid to the Synthesis of Mono- and Trisubstituted Isocyanurates (1993)

Abstract Reactivity of alkaline salts of isocyanuric acid has been studied. It has been established that the nucleophilic substitution is not selective because of the protonic exchanges between salts and substituted derivatives. The synthesis of mono or trisubstituted derivative is due to secondary reactions and to solvent effects. With this study, it has been possible to settle a method to prepare mono and trisubstituted derivatives of isocyanuric acid.