gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of SiO{sub 2}-TiN{sub x}O{sub y}-Cu interference absorbers: Numerical and experimental results (1993)

SiO{sub 2}-TiN{sub x}O{sub y}-Cu absorbers were prepared with activated reactive evaporation (ARE). The deposition parameters for the ARE process were adjusted according to the results of the numerical optimizations by a genetic algorithm. The authors present spectral reflectance, calorimetric and grazing incidence X-ray reflection (GXR) measurements. Best coatings for applications as selective absorber in the range of T = 100--200 C exhibit a solar absorptance of 0.94 and a near normal emittance of 0.044 at 100 C. This emittance is correlated with a hemispherical emittance of 0.061 obtained from calorimetric measurements at 200 C. First results on lifetime studies show that the coatings are thermally stable under vacuum up to 400 C. The SiO{sub 2} film passivates the absorber, a substantial slow down of degradation in dry air is observed. The tests demonstrate that the coating will withstand break down in cooling fluid and vacuum if mounted in an evacuated collector.
The Design of SCR-based Whole-Chip ESD Protection with Dual-Direction and High Holding Voltage (2013)

본 논문에서는 높은 홀딩 전압을 갖는 SCR 기반의 파워 클램프용 ESD 보호회로와 whole-chip ESD 보호를 위한 양 방향성 ESD 보호회로를 제안하였다. 측정 결과, 파워 클램프의 경우 N/P-웰과 P-drift 영역의 길이의 변화에 따른 홀딩 전압의 증가를 확인하였으며 I/O의 경우 5V의 트리거 전압과 3V의 홀딩 전압을 확인하였다. 일반적인 whole-chip ESD 보호회로와 달리, VDD-VSS 모드 뿐만 아니라 PD, ND, PS, NS의 ESD stress mode의 방전 경로를 제공하여 효과적인 보호를 제공하며 최대 HBM 8kV, MM 400V의 감내특성을 가진다. 따라서 제안된 whole-chip ESD 보호회로는 2.5V~3.3V의 공급전원을 가지는 application에 적용 가능하다. We have investigated the electrical characteristics of SCR(Silicon Controlled Rectifier)-based ESD power clamp circuit with high holding voltage and dual-directional ESD protection cells for a whole-chip ESD protection. The measurement results indicate that the dimension of n/p-well and p-drift has a great effect on holding voltage (2V-5V). Also A dual-directional ESD protection circuit is designed for I/O ESD protection application. The trigger voltage and the holding voltage are measured to 5V and 3V respectively. In comparison with typical ESD protection schemes for whole-chip ESD protection, this ESD protection device can provide an effective protection for ICs against ESD pulses in the two opposite directions, so this design scheme for whole-chip ESD protection can be discharged in ESD-stress mode (PD, ND, PS, NS) as well as VDD-VSS mode. Finally, a whole-chip ESD protection can be applied to 2.5~3.3V VDD applications. The robustness of the novel ESD protection cells are measured to HBM 8kV and MM 400V.
An Experimental Demonstration of GaN CMOS Technology (2016)

This letter reports the first demonstration of gallium nitride (GaN) complementary metal-oxide-semi-conductor (CMOS) field-effect-transistor technology. Selective area epitaxy was employed to have both GaN N-channel MOSFET (NMOS) and P-channel MOSFET (PMOS) structures on the same wafer. An AlN/SiN dielectric stack grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition served as the gate oxide for both NMOS and PMOS, yielding enhancement-mode N- and P-channel with the electron mobility of 300 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s and hole mobility of 20 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s, respectively. Using the GaN CMOS technology, a functional inverter integrated circuit was fabricated and characterized.
Intelligent Automation for Intermittent-Gas-Lift Oil Wells (2001)

Abstract Intermittent gas lift is widely used in the PETROBRAS onshore petroleum fields. The intermittent gas injection in the annulus between the tubing and casing causes a gas lift valve to open. This gas lift valve is a pressure driven valve installed in the lower part of the tubing and controls the amount of gas injected at the bottom of a liquid column held inside the tubing. The injected gas becomes a big gas bubble that carries the liquid column up to the surface. The intermittent cycles are obtained by a motor-valve installed at the surface opening and closing at fixed time intervals (Time cycle – Tc) and remaining open during a fixed amount of time (Time injection – Ti). This work presents the concepts use in a firmware for Programmable logic Control (PLC) especially designed to optimize both Tc and Ti. Based on the tubing and casing pressure continuously acquired by a pair of electronic pressure transmitters (PT) and on artificial intelligence (AI) concepts such as neural nets and fuzzy logic, this firmware performs the pattern recognition of the casing and tubing pressure behavior, executes an algorithm implemented by the user and gives a diagnostic about the performance of the system. With the diagnostic and changing the values of Ti and Tc, the electronic device improves the system performance, reducing the gas consumption and increasing the liquid production. The electronic device is installed at the well site and send to the central office, by request, the data acquired from the well. At the central office, a PC computer with a modem performs a data pooling, well by well, and stores the acquired data in MS-Access type data base for further statistical and historical analysis.
Regulation of a restriction and modification system via DNA inversion in <i>Mycoplasma pulmonis</i> (1994)

An invertible DNA element of 6.8 kb, designated the hsd1 locus, was identified in the chromosome of Mycoplasma pulmonis. Infection of host cells with mycoplasma virus P1 revealed that the organism's restriction and modification (R-M) properties are controlled by inversion of hsd1. The nucleotide sequence of hsd1 revealed several genes, the predicted amino acids of which bear striking similarity to the subunits of the type I R-M enzymes previously found only in enteric bacteria.
A STUDY OF EXTRUSION PROPERTIES OF NON-CLAY OXIDES (1963)

The preparation of plastic dispension masses of nonclay oxides using different organic pplasticizers was studied using an extrusion method for measuring the flow characteristics. These studies show that the flow characteristics are: for a given powder, dependent on the kind and amount of organic plasticizer used; and for a given plasticizer, dependent on the kind, amount, and grain size of the oxide powder. Thus, these non-clay powders can be prepared with flow characteristics similar to a plasttc clay. It was found that under certain conditions, the oxide powder made plastic with a minimum amount of organic plasticizer causes the resulting mass to behave as a Bingham solid at relatively high rates of applying the pressure necessary for flow, but this same mass will be dilatant if the rate is low. A model is proposed for the non-clay oxide plastic dispersion mass using the concept of organic matter adherence to the oxide particle. This model is used in the discussion of data, including the suggestion that it can be used for explaining the probable causes for changes in flow characteristics. The concept of film thickness and the character of the outermost layers'' are used to describe the causes for behavior such as thixotropy. (auth)
Toward user interface virtualization (2009)

Single-user, desktop-based computer applications are pervasive in our daily lives and work. The prospect of using these applications with innovative interaction systems, like multi-touch tabletops, tangible user interfaces, large displays or public/private displays, would enable large scale field studies of these technologies, and has the potential to significantly improve their usefulness and, in turn, their availability. This paper focuses on the architectural requirements, design, and implementation of such a technology. First, we review various software technologies for using a single-user desktop application with a different model of user inputs and graphical output. We then present a generic technique for using any closed-source or open-source application with different input and output devices. In our approach, the application is separated from the user input and graphical output subsystem. The core part of the application runs in a system-specific virtual environment. This virtual environment exposes the same API as the removed standard subsystems. This eliminates the need to rewrite the "legacy" application and provides high performances by using the application native way to communicate with the system.
BMP‐2 and BMP‐9 promotes chondrogenic differentiation of human multipotential mesenchymal cells and overcomes the inhibitory effect of IL‐1 (2001)

Bone morphogenetic proteins play important roles in connective tissue morphogenesis. In this study, we used human multipotential mesenchymal cells as a target to analyze the effect of bone morphogenetic proteins on chondrogenesis. We also analyzed the effect of proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 on chondrogenic-differentiated cells and the interaction of IL-1beta with bone morphogenetic proteins. Cells placed in a 3-dimensional matrix of alginate beads and cultured in a serum-free media with bone morphogenetic protein-2 and -9 induced expression of type II collagen (Col2A1) mRNA and increased expression of aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein suggesting chondrogenic differentiation of the cells. The transcription factor Sox-9 that regulates both Col2A1 and aggrecan gene expression showed increased expression with BMP treatment. Chondrogenic differentiated cells treated with interleukin-1 decreased Sox-9, Col2A1 and aggrecan gene expression. Removal of interleukin-1 and further addition of bone morphogenetic proteins resulted in returned expression of chondrogenic markers. Chondrogenic differentiated cells cultured in the presence of different concentrations of bone morphogenetic proteins and interleukin-1 showed that bone morphogenetic proteins were able to partially block the suppressive effect of interleukin-1. This study shows that bone morphogenetic proteins play an important role in chondrogenesis and may prove to be potential therapeutics in cartilage repair.
Killer Cell Lectin-Like Receptor G1 Deficiency Significantly Enhances Survival after Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (2013)

The expression of T cell differentiation markers is known to increase during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, and yet the biological role of such markers remains unclear. We examined the requirement of the T cell differentiation marker killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) during M. tuberculosis infection using mice deficient in KLRG1. KLRG1(-/-) mice had a significant survival extension after M. tuberculosis infection compared to wild-type controls, and maintained a significantly lower level of pulmonary M. tuberculosis throughout chronic infection. Improved control of M. tuberculosis infection was associated with an increased number of activated pulmonary CD4(+) T cells capable of secreting gamma interferon (IFN-γ). Our report is the first to show an in vivo impact of KLRG1 on disease control.
RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OP TRIIODOTHYRONINE IN UNEXTRACTED HUMAN SERUM<sup>1</sup> (1971)

L-3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) has been measured by a radioimnunoassay the special features of which permit determinations in unextracted serum. These include the use of tetrachlorthyronine which appears to inhibit the binding of To to thyroxine binding globulin but does not affect the binding of T3 to antibody and utilization of a T3-free serum prepared in vitro for the construction of a serum standard curve. Mean T3 levels were 60 ng % in hypothyroidism, 139 ng % in normal subjects and 587 ng % in hyperthyroidism.
On-line planning and scheduling: an application to controlling modular printers (2008)

This paper summarizes recent work reported at ICAPS on applying artificial intelligence techniques to the control of production printing equipment. Like many other real-world applications, such as mobile robotics, this complex domain requires real-time autonomous decision-making and robust continual operation. To our knowledge, this work represents the first successful industrial application of embedded domain-independent temporal planning. At the heart of our system is an on-line algorithm that combines techniques from state-space planning and partial-order scheduling. For example, our planning-graph-based planning heuristic takes resource contention into account when estimating makespan remaining. We suggest that this general architecture may prove useful as more intelligent systems operate in continual, online settings. Our system has enabled a new product architecture for our industrial partner and has been used to drive several commercial prototypes. When compared with stateof-the-art off-line planners, our system is hundreds of times faster and often finds better plans.
Methods of constructing optimum phased-array antennas for limited field of view (1998)

A survey is given of the methods of constructing phased-array antennas with optimum radiating structures that provide shaping of the flat-topped array-element patterns. This corresponds to maximization of the array gain in a given limited scanning sector, using a corresponding minimum number of controlled elements. The methods considered include the use of passive multiport networks, coupled dual-mode waveguides, protruding dielectric elements, corrugated structures, and quasi-optical networks that provide excitation of the necessary over-lapped subarrays.
This issue of G<scp>EOPHYSICS</scp> (2007)

In this article, the Editor of Geophysics provides an overview of all technical articles in this issue of the journal.
Isolation of flavonoids and cerebrosides from the bark of Prunus jamasakura as repellents against the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. (1990)

We have studied the repellent activity1} against the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, which is one of the gregarious fouling organisms causing serious problems to ships and fishing nets. In the previous paper, we reported the isolation and identification of one of the flavonoids, kaempferol 3-0-(2^6"-di-0-()-/?-coumaroyl-/?-D-glucopyranoside), 2)
Lead time demand for simple exponential smoothing (2017)

A new simple formula is found to correct the underestimation of the standard deviation for total lead time demand when using simple exponential smoothing. The traditional formula for the standard deviation of lead time demand is to multiply the standard deviation for the one-period-ahead forecast error (estimated by using the residuals) by the square root of the number of periods in the lead time. It has been shown by others that the traditional formula significantly underestimates variation in the lead time demand when the mean of the process is somewhat changing and simple exponential smoothing is appropriate. This new formula allows one to see readily the significant size of the underestimation of the traditional formula and can easily be implemented in practice. The formula is derived by using a state space model for simple exponential smoothing.
Biochemical complementation studies in vitro of gyrase subunits from different species (1995)

To investigate the functional equivalence of DNA gyrase subunits from different bacterial sources hybrid enzymes were formed using purified A and B subunits from three species of Streptomycetes, E. coli and B. subtilis. The activity of gyrase hybrids composed of heterologous gyr A and gyr B proteins and of the gyrases containing homologous subunits was characterized by binding studies and a cleavage assay with two different DNA fragments. Likewise the enzyme activity was monitored by the super-coiling and relaxation assay with pBR322 DNA. We found that cleavage reactions are largely determined by the source of the gyr B subunits whereas DNA supercoiling and relaxation reactions of pBR322 catalyzed by DNA gyrase are limited to a combination of homologous A and B subunits or of heterologous A and B subunits from the taxonomically related bacteria Streptomycetes.
CoSL: A coordinated statistical learning approach to measuring the capacity of multi-tier websites (2008)

Website capacity determination is crucial to measurement-based access control, because it determines when to turn away excessive client requests to guarantee consistent service quality under overloaded conditions. Conventional capacity measurement approaches based on high-level performance metrics like response time and throughput may result in either resource over-provisioning or lack of responsiveness. It is because a website may have different capacities in terms of the maximum concurrent level when the characteristic of workload changes. Moreover, bottleneck in a multi-tier website may shift among tiers as client access pattern changes. In this paper, we present an online robust measurement approach based on statistical machine learning techniques. It uses a Bayesian network to correlate low level instrumentation data like system and user cpu time, available memory size, and I/O status that are collected at run-time to high level system states in each tier. A decision tree is induced over a group of coordinated Bayesian models in different tiers to identify the bottleneck dynamically when the system is overloaded. Experimental results demonstrate its accuracy and robustness in different traffic loads.
Synthesis and conformation of procyanidin diastereoisomers (1983)

The four theoretically possible diastereoisomeric 4 → 8 linked procyanidin dimers with two 2,3-cis-flavanoid units, epicatechin-(4β→ 8)-epicatechin (6), epicatechin-(4β→ 8)-ent-epicatechin (8), ent-epicatechin-(4α→ 8)-epicatechin (7), and ent-epicatechin-(4α→ 8)-ent-epicatechin (2), have been synthesized together with the 2,3-trans diastereoisomers catechin-(4α→ 8)-catechin (14) and catechin-(4α→ 8)-ent-catechin (15). The preferred rotamer conformations of the deca-acetate derivatives of (6), (8), (14), and (15) in chloroform were deduced from their 13C n.m.r. and high-field 1H n.m.r. spectra. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of the preferred conformers of the pairs of acetate derivatives of (6) and (15), and (8) and (14), were qualitatively similar as the relative configuration about the interflavanoid bond of one pair has a meso-relationship to the other.
A control-theoretic approach to the design of an explicit rate controller for ABR service (1999)

We present a control-theoretic approach to the design of closed-loop rate-based flow control in high-speed networks. The proposed control uses a dual proportional-plus-derivative controller, where the control parameters can be designed to ensure the stability of the traffic patterns and propagation delays. We show how the control mechanism can be used to design a controller to support ABR service based on feedback of explicit rates (ERs). We demonstrate the excellent transient and steady-state performance of the controller through a number of examples. We also show experimental results that have been obtained from our asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) testbed, which consists of two interconnected ATM LANs, one located in Princeton, NJ, and the other in Berlin, Germany, with an all-software ER-controller implementation.
Prevention of low birth weight. (1992)

The United States ranks 20th in infant mortality among industrialized nations. This exceptionally high mortality rate primarily is attributable to the low-birth-weight rate. A reduction in infant mortality will require prevention of low-birth-weight births. Risk factors, social issues, and preventive services must be identified to effectively address the prevention of low-birth-weight births.
Phase Locked Loop Based Signal Processing Approach for the Health Monitoring of Power Systems through their RF Emissions (2019)

This paper proposes a novel phase locked loop based approach to estimate the harmonic content of RF emissions from power system components. These emissions are known to be good indicators of equipment deterioration. The method is both fast and simple. Simulation, experimental, and field test results are used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Surfactant-Assisted Synthesis of α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanotubes and Nanorods with Shape-Dependent Magnetic Properties (2006)

Alpha-Fe(2)O(3) nanorods and nanotubes have been synthesized and characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. By means of different surfactant assistance, the high-quality one-dimensional products were obtained, respectively, with aqueous butanol solution as the solvent and carbamide as the base, giving rise to single-crystalline products at 150 degrees C. The formation mechanism has been presented. Significantly, the magnetic investigations show that the magnetic properties are strongly shape-dependent; i.e., the nanorods have a Morin transition at 166 K from canted antiferromagnetic state to antiferromagnetic state, while the nanotubes exhibit a three-dimensional magnetic ordering above 300 K that has been attributed to the presence of small particles in a few regions of the tubes.
Thin turbomachinery blade design using a finite‐volume method (1985)

Abstract A numerical method is presented for the design of thin turbomachinery blades with specified whirl velocities across the blade span. The numerical scheme involves iteration between the directs solution of a finite‐volume method developed earlier on by Soulis 1 and a design solution. The finite‐volume method, which is a combination of finite elements and finite differences, solves the three‐dimensional, inviscid, steady arid potential flow through turbomachinery blade rows in the incompressible, compressible and transonic flow range. In the design step, the whirl velocity distribution is specified across the blade span (Dirichlet boundary condition). The design procedure yields a new set of co‐ordinates for the blade geometry which are used in the next iteration of the direct solution. However, in the present analysis only thin turbomachinery blades are designed, although a fully three‐dimensional numerical method is used (the whirl velocity components of the flow field are averaged over the blade suction and pressure surface). The numerical method has been used to design free‐vortex thin turbomachinery blades. Results show that the new numerical procedure is a comparatively economic and reliable method for designing thin turbomachinery blades. It may form the baseline for complete three‐dimensional turbomachinery blade designs.
Temporal Brow Lift Using Botulinum Toxin A (2000)

The objective of this study was to determine whether brow elevation occurs as a result of paralysis of brow depressors after botulinum toxin A injection. The study's design was a prospective case series with pretreatment and posttreatment outcome evaluation with statistical analysis at a university-based division of facial plastic surgery private clinic. Twenty-two patients of a consecutive sample desiring a cosmetic enhancement underwent injection of botulinum toxin A directed to brow depressors. Injections consisted of 7 to 10 units of botulinum toxin A (Botox, Allergan, Irvine, Calif.) into selected brow depressor muscle (lateral orbicularis oculi) bilaterally. No patients withdrew for adverse effects. All patients were evaluated 2 weeks after treatment. The outcomes were measured by change in brow elevation along vertical axis extending from both midpupil and lateral canthus to the caudal row of brow hairs with eyes at neutral gaze and the head at Frankfort plane. Preintervention and postintervention brow height was measured by the primary clinical investigator. The average brow elevation from the midpupil observed after selected injection of brow depressors with botulinum toxin A was 1.02 mm (p = 0.038). The average brow elevation from the lateral canthus observed after selected injection of brow depressors with botulinum toxin A was 4.83 mm (p<0.0001). Significant temporal brow elevation occurs as the result of paralysis of brow depressors by using botulinum toxin A injection. This procedure may be considered an alternative to surgical brow elevation.