gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphisms in prostaglandin synthase 2/cyclooxygenase 2 (PTGS2/COX2) and risk of colorectal cancer (2004)

Inflammation plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancers. We have investigated the relationship between PTGS2 (COX2) polymorphisms and colorectal cancer risk in a hospital based case-control study. We recruited 292 patients with colorectal cancer and 274 controls from new patients admitted to Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain, from 1996 to 1998. Subjects responded to a questionnaire on risk factors. Genotypes of the eight more frequent polymorphisms of PTGS2 were determined. Two polymorphisms are located in the promoter sequence, one in the untranslated region of exon 1, one in exon 3, one in intron 5, two in the untranslated region of exon 10, and one downstream of the last polyadenylation (poly-A) signal. Associations were analysed with logistic regression models assuming a dominant effect for rare variants to increase statistical power. An association was detected between colorectal cancer and a polymorphism in the untranslated region of exon 10 of PTGS2, with an odds ratio (OR) of 2.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) of 1.17-5.32, P=0.01. A nearby polymorphism downstream of the last poly-A signal also showed a nonsignificant increase in risk (OR 2.17, 95% CI 0.99-4.78, P=0.05). Analysis of haplotypes confirmed that individuals with these variants were at increased risk of colorectal cancer (OR compared to the most frequent haplotype: 2.17, 95% CI 0.97-4.84, P=0.06) Interactions between PTGS2 genotype and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and risk of colorectal cancer were also explored.
Effects of structural variation in xyloglucan polymers on interactions with bacterial cellulose (2006)

A cellulose/xyloglucan framework is considered to form the basis for the mechanical properties of primary plant cell walls and hence to have a major influence on the biomechanical properties of growing, fleshy plant tissues. In this study, structural variants of xyloglucan have been investigated as components of composites with bacterial cellulose as a simplified model for the cellulose/xyloglucan framework of primary plant cell walls. Evidence for molecular binding to cellulose with perturbation of cellulose crystallinity was found for all xyloglucan types. High molecular mass samples gave homogeneous centimeter-scale composites with extensive cross-linking of cellulose with xyloglucan. Lower molecular mass xyloglucans gave heterogeneous composites having a range of microscopic structures with little, if any, cross-linking. Xyloglucans with reduced levels of galactose substitution had evidence of self-association, competitive with cellulose binding. At comparable molecular mass, fucose substitution resulted in a modest promotion of microscopic features characteristic of primary cell walls. Taken together, the data are evidence that galactose substitution of the xyloglucan core structure is a major determinant of cellulose composite formation and properties, with additional fucose substitution acting as a secondary modulator. These conclusions are consistent with reported structural and mechanical properties of Arabidopsis mutants lacking specific fucose and/or galactose residues.
Studies on sialic acids. XV. Synthesis of .ALPHA.- and .BETA.-O-glycosides of 3-deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid(KDN). (1988)

3-Deoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonic acid (KDN) was synthesized by basecatalyzed condensation in good yield. Furthermore, benzyl (methyl 3-deoxy-D-glycero-a-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosid) onate and sodium 2-(5-cholesten-3β-yloxy)-3-deoxy-D-eycero-α-and β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosonate were synthesized under Koenigs-Knorr-like reaction conditions, using benzyl (4, 5, 7, 8, 9-penta-O-acety1-3-deoxy-D-glycero-β-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosyl bromid)-onate as a glycosyl donor. The structure and the stereochemistry of glycosylation products were determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance and circular dichroism spectral analysis.
Absence of Preferential Looking to the Eyes of Approaching Adults Predicts Level of Social Disability in 2-Year-Old Toddlers With Autism Spectrum Disorder (2008)

Looking at the eyes of others is important in early social development and in social adaptation throughout one's life span. Our results indicate that in 2-year-old children with autism, this behavior is already derailed, suggesting critical consequences for development but also offering a potential biomarker for quantifying syndrome manifestation at this early age.
The fluctuation-dissipation theorem (1966)

The linear response theory has given a general proof of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem which states that the linear response of a given system to an external perturbation is expressed in terms of fluctuation properties of the system in thermal equilibrium. This theorem may be represented by a stochastic equation describing the fluctuation, which is a generalization of the familiar Langevin equation in the classical theory of Brownian motion. In this generalized equation the friction force becomes retarded or frequency-dependent and the random force is no more white. They are related to each other by a generalized Nyquist theorem which is in fact another expression of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. This point of view can be applied to a wide class of irreversible process including collective modes in many-particle systems as has already been shown by Mori. As an illustrative example, the density response problem is briefly discussed.
Dynamic null-data subcarrier switching for OFDM PAPR reduction with low computational overhead (2012)

A computationally efficient null-data subcarrier switching scheme for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction of OFDM systems is proposed. By applying incremental searching within dynamically expanding subcarrier bands, the proposed method achieves significant reduction in computational requirement without sacrificing PAPR reduction capability. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by presenting simulation results of PAPR and bit error ratio.
Cytokines in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis (2002)

Research during the last two decades established atheromatous lesions as active sites of inflammation and immune responses, contrasting to the traditional view of atherosclerosis as an acellular lesion composed of lipid deposits. In particular, cytokines appear to orchestrate the chronic development of atherosclerosis, eventually leading to the formation of complex atherosclerotic plaques, which can trigger acute thromboembolic complications, such as myocardial infarction or stroke. Indeed the rupture-prone plaque, characterized by a thin fibrous cap overlaying a voluminous lipid core, exhibits accumulation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytokines may control the clinical consequences of plaques by mediating infiltration and accumulation of immunocompetent cells, directing the turnover of fibrillar collagens (governing the fragility of the fibrous cap), or enhancing foam cell formation and thrombogenicity of the lipid core, among other processes outlined in this review. Thus, understanding the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of the atherosclerotic plaque might provide a promising therapeutic avenue for this prevalent human disease. This review will focus on members of the interleukin, tumor necrosis factor, and interferon families of cytokines in modulating key processes of atherogenesis.
Studies on the biosynthesis of .BETA.-amino acids, the lipid moiety of iturins A, in Bacillus subtilis. (1988)

The biosynthesis of the beta-amino acid components of iturins A was studied in comparison to the biosynthesis of fatty acids. Palmitic acid was incorporated into the lipid moiety of iturins A when it was added to the culture medium of the iturin producer Bacillus subtilis. Addition of unlabeled palmitic acid enhanced the formation of straight-chain beta-amino acids and addition of valine or leucine increased the production of branched beta-amino acids. These modifications correlated with modifications in the corresponding biosynthesized fatty acids.
Description and Comparison of Microbial Populations in Ecological Studies with the Aid of Factor Analysis (1973)

I must start with an apology for not being a mathematician and yet still wanting to interest you in a purely numerical multivariate method for the qualitative description and comparison of microbial populations. Moreover, last August here in Uppsala, Blackith & Reyment (1971) sign ed the preface of their book on multivariate morphometrics, where the classical factor analysis as presented e.g. by Harman (1968) is deemed, to say the least, doubtful. Nevertheless, factor analysis has proved to be a handy tool for the comparison of microbial populations on the basis of data from pure cul ture isolates, which are representative of these populations. There may well be scope for several improvements and refinements, but at least the way has been pointed to a new ecological outlook, in which more em phasis is placed on the activities in the ecosystem being studied than on the identity of the microorganisms involved. The general availability of computers has permitted a flourishing of numerical methods in many branches of science including microbiology during the last decade. Most of this work considers taxonomy and tends to grouping and identification of organisms. A recent review of the liter ature by Bergan (1971) also included factor analytical approaches to tax onomical problems. The factor analytical method I am going to describe here is distin guished from ordinary numerical taxonomy in so far as it abandons every effort to identify, describe or even compare single isolates. Instead, all the primary data available on all the isolates included have been collect ed to be treated as an entity. So far, similar methods have been adopted for describing the bacterial flora of soil samples (Gyllenberg, 1964; Skyring & Quadling, 1969; Sundman, 1968, 1970). Factor analysis cannot solve the primary problem of soil microbiolo gy, the fact that the soil bacteria are out of reach. Several techniques have revealed that only a vanishingly small fraction of the soil bacteria visible under the microscope in direct counts can be obtained as colonies upon plating. With the culture techniques available at the moment, most attempts to describe the physiological activity of soil bacteria are confin ed to that fraction which grows out into colonies and is hence available for pure culture study. Most conclusions about the composition of soil microflora have been drawn from data on that fraction, which is a very unsatisfactory situation indeed. The situation becomes still more unsatisfactory when the microbial floras of various soil samples are to be compared. A fairly common problem in ecological studies is the quantifying of the changes in the mi croflora of an ecosystem as a result of various treatments of the system. We might make use of e.g. the frequency of some indicator organism or of changes in some selected characteristics, but such solutions are based on a small, subjectively chosen part of the available data and might over look important details.
Efficient Synthesis of Differently Protected Lanthionines via β‐Bromoalanine Derivatives (2003)

Abstract Lanthionines, thioether‐linked alanines, are readily available from differently protected β‐bromoalanine and cysteine derivatives under phase‐transfer conditions at pH 8.5. Racemisation or elimination of starting materials or products was not observed. Also base‐sensitive protecting groups, such as, for instance, the Fmoc group, were compatible with this procedure, thus conveniently permitting the synthesis of orthogonally protected lanthionines. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Testing, Promoting, and Launching a Mobile Application as an Extension Tool: A Case Study with IPMPro (2013)

Mobile device applications (apps) have the potential to become a mainstream delivery method, providing services, information, and tools to extension clientele. Testing, promoting, and launching an app are key components supporting the successful development of this new technology. This article summarizes the considerations and steps that must be taken to successfully test, promote, and launch an app and is based on the authors’ experience developing two horticulture apps, IPM Pro and IPM Lite . These apps provide information for major pests and plant care tasks and prompt users to take action on time-sensitive tasks with push notifications scheduled specifically for their location. App testing and evaluation is a continual process. Effective tactics for app testing and evaluation include garnering focus group input throughout app development and postlaunch, in-house testing with simulators, beta testing and the advantages of services that enhance information gained during beta testing, and postlaunch evaluations. Differences in promotional and bulk purchasing options available among the two main device platforms, Android and iOS, are explored as are general preparations for marketing the launch of a new app. Finally, navigating the app submission process is discussed. Creating an app is an involved process, but one that can be rewarding and lead to a unique portal for extension clientele to access information, assistance, and tools.
Neural network adaptive digital image screen halftoning (DISH) based on wavelet transform preprocessing (1994)

Artificial neural networks (ANN) can be used to process digital image screen halftoning (DISH), designed to be adaptive to the local variation of image intensity based on the wavelet transform (WT) preprocessing of the local gradient at each pixel. Our preliminary digital simulation results have shown an improved multiresolution visual effect of the bilevel representation of a gray-scale image. An interesting device concept is to build a fast 'WT chip' of order (N) with a smart 'neurochip' for DISH applications, in order to achieve an nonuniformly enhanced dot matrix printing.
Interstitial Cystitis (2003)

Nurse practitioners need to be knowledgeable about the occurrence and debilitating effect of IC. Inclusion of IC into the differential diagnoses related to urgency, frequency, and abdominal pain will help assure the timely and effective diagnosis and management of this unusual disease.
Perceptual optimization of image coding algorithms (2002)

We show how a model of the human visual system (HVS) can be used for encoder based perceptual optimization of JPEG. The HVS model takes into account the effects of light sensitivity, frequency sensitivity, and masking effects and is based on a hierarchy of oriented band pass filters. The model can be used to calculate a local frequency sensitivity, which in turn can be used to calculate perceptual weighting factors for each DCT coefficient in every block in the image. The proposed method is not limited to DCT based coders but is applicable to other coding schemes as well. The weighting factors can be used for adaptive quantization matrix design and for adaptive thresholding. We introduce a refinement of the adaptive thresholding technique that we call soft thresholding.
Highly Sensitive Nanomechanical Immunosensor Using Half Antibody Fragments (2014)

The improvement of sensitivity is of great significance to the application of biochemical sensor. In this study, we propose a micocantilever-based immunosensor in surface stress mode using half antibody fragments as receptor molecules. The thiol-containing half antibody fragment was obtained with a low loss of antibody biological activity and then was covalently and orientedly immobilized on the gold surface of microcantilevers via two native thiol groups. Such a one-step reaction and immobilization of receptor molecule simplify the preparation process of micocantilever immunosensor. Using shortened and highly oriented half antibody fragments as receptor molecules, the generation of surface stress and the transmission of stress from the interaction region of molecules to the surface of the microcantilever have been elevated significantly. The limit of detection (LOD) of the presented sensor has been significantly lowered to 1 pg/mL, or 1.1 pM in equivalence, which is a 500-fold improvement when compared with intact full antibody coated conventional micocantilever sensors. The results indicate that the half antibody fragment is well suited for the functionalization of the microcantilever surface and is generally applicable to all microcantilever immunosensor development, and this principle will help to design a functional film of devices with significantly lower LOD.
Colour 3D system characterization (2006)

This work is a part of a large project. We work on a stereoscopic system for 3D colour surface reconstruction. This system is based on structured light principle. An LCD-projector sends a colour coded structured light, and a 3CCD camera snaps a few colour images. This last one allows the calculation of both 3D and colour information of object surface in the scene with a triangulation algorithm. The system needs important calibration steps: geometrical one to calculate 3D coordinates and colorimetric one to measure the colour of the object in same time to decode colour coded structured light. This article shows a characterization protocol for a colour 3D system. The model used is described and the method is applied to the two cases: 3CCD camera and LCD projector
Cadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic concentrations in crops and corresponding soils in the Netherlands (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCadmium, lead, mercury and arsenic concentrations in crops and corresponding soils in the NetherlandsDouwe Wiersma, Berend J. Van Goor, and Nicolaas G. Van der VeenCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1986, 34, 6, 1067–1074Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00072a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00072a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views389Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL HANGOVER ON COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS (2003)

A hangover is characterized by the constellation of unpleasant physical and mental symptoms that occur between 8 and 16 h after drinking alcohol. We evaluated the effects of experimentally-induced alcohol hangover on cognitive functions using the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery. A total of 13 normal adult males participated in this study. They did not have any previous histories of psychiatric or medical disorders. We defined the experimentally-induced hangover condition at 13 h after drinking a high dose of alcohol (1.5 g/kg of body weight). We evaluated the changes of cognitive functions before drinking alcohol and during experimentally-induced hangover state. The Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery was administrated in order to examine the changes of cognitive functions. Cognitive functions, such as visual, memory, and intellectual process functions, were decreased during the hangover state. Among summary scales, the profile elevation scale was also increased. Among localization scales, the scores of left frontal, sensorimotor, parietal-occipital dysfunction, and right parietal-occipital scales were increased during the hangover state. These results indicate that alcohol hangovers have a negative effect on cognitive functions, particularly on the higher cortical and visual functions associated with the left hemisphere and right posterior hemisphere.
Protective Role of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in Filovirus Hemorrhagic Fever (2011)

Infection with many emerging viruses, such as the hemorrhagic fever disease caused by the filoviruses, Marburg (MARV), and Ebola virus (EBOV), leaves the host with a short timeframe in which to mouse a protective immune response. In lethal cases, uncontrolled viral replication and virus-induced immune dysregulation are too severe to overcome, and mortality is generally associated with a lack of notable immune responses. Vaccination studies in animals have demonstrated an association of IgG and neutralizing antibody responses against the protective glycoprotein antigen with survival from lethal challenge. More recently, studies in animal models of filovirus hemorrhagic fever have established that induction of a strong filovirus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response can facilitate complete viral clearance. In this review, we describe assays used to discover CTL responses after vaccination or live filovirus infection in both animal models and human clinical trials. Unfortunately, little data regarding CTL responses have been collected from infected human survivors, primarily due to the low frequency of disease and the inability to perform these studies in the field. Advancements in assays and technologies may allow these studies to occur during future outbreaks.
Big data preprocessing: methods and prospects (2016)

The massive growth in the scale of data has been observed in recent years being a key factor of the Big Data scenario. Big Data can be defined as high volume, velocity and variety of data that require a new high-performance processing. Addressing big data is a challenging and time-demanding task that requires a large computational infrastructure to ensure successful data processing and analysis. The presence of data preprocessing methods for data mining in big data is reviewed in this paper. The definition, characteristics, and categorization of data preprocessing approaches in big data are introduced. The connection between big data and data preprocessing throughout all families of methods and big data technologies are also examined, including a review of the state-of-the-art. In addition, research challenges are discussed, with focus on developments on different big data framework, such as Hadoop, Spark and Flink and the encouragement in devoting substantial research efforts in some families of data preprocessing methods and applications on new big data learning paradigms.