gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent quality as reflected in concentration- and temperature-dependent Flory-Huggins interaction parameters (2001)

Flory–Huggins interaction parameters (χ) between poly(dimethylsiloxane) (weight-average molecular weight = 152 kg/mol) and various solvents (methyl ethyl ketone, toluene and n-octane) were determined as a function of composition and temperature with vapor-pressure measurements. These data, complemented by independent information for dilute and very concentrated solutions, serve as the basis for a discussion of solvent quality via different theoretical relations. Regardless of polymer concentration, the χ values fall from methyl ethyl ketone via toluene to n-octane, the ketone being the worst solvent and the hydrocarbon being the best solvent. The variation of χ with composition and temperature is complex. Within the range of moderate polymer concentrations, the influences of composition decrease with increasing solvent quality. Additional effects become noticeable at the ends of the composition scale. The enthalpy parts (χH) and entropy parts (χS) of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter, obtained from χ(T), vary considerably with composition and change their sign in some cases; these constituents of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter do not permit a direct assessment of solvent quality. A clear-cut picture is, however, regained with a comparison of the interdependence of χS and χH. The elimination of explicit concentration influences re-establishes the order in the solvent quality setup via χ. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 651–662, 2001
Evaluation and correction of time dependent amplifier non-linearity (2002)

Both very high linearity and wide bandwidth are required by many new microwave and wireless systems. The linearity of power amplifiers degrades with increasing signal bandwidth. This paper shows that this degradation is related to time-dependent changes in amplifier transfer characteristics. A new method for evaluating an amplifier's wideband, dynamic, linearity is introduced, and strategies for improving the performance of both conventional and linearized amplifiers are discussed.
The control mechanism of surface traps on surface charge behavior in alumina-filled epoxy composites (2016)

To investigate the role surface traps play in the charge injection and transfer behavior of alumina-filled epoxy composites, surface traps with different trap levels are introduced by different surface modification methods which include dielectric barrier discharges plasma, direct fluorination, and Cr2O3 coating. The resulting surface physicochemical characteristics of experimental samples were observed using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface potential under dc voltage was detected and the trap level distribution was measured. The results suggest that the surface morphology of the experimental samples differs dramatically after treatment with different surface modification methods. Different surface trap distributions directly determine the charge injection and transfer property along the surface. Shallow traps with trap level of 1.03–1.11 eV and 1.06–1.13 eV introduced by plasma and fluorination modifications are conducive for charge transport along the insulating surface, and the surface potential can be modified, producing a smoother potential curve. The Cr2O3 coating can introduce a large number of deep traps with energy levels ranging from 1.09 to 1.15 eV. These can prevent charge injection through the reversed electric field formed by intensive trapped charges in the Cr2O3 coatings.
Code decay analysis of legacy software through successive releases (1999)

Prediction of problematic software components is an important activity today for many organizations as they manage their legacy systems and the maintenance problems they cause. This means that there is a need for methods and models to identify troublesome components. We apply a model for classification of software components as green, yellow and red according to the number of times they required corrective maintenance over successive releases. Further, we apply a principal component and box plot analysis to investigate the causes for the code decay and try to characterize the releases. The case study includes eight releases and 130 software components. The outcome indicates a large number of healthy components as well as a small set of troublesome components requiring extensive repair repeatedly. The analysis characterizes the releases and indicates that it is the relationship between components that causes many of the problems.
Suppression of Normal and Malignant Kit Signaling by a Bispecific Antibody Linking Kit with CD300a (2008)

Through its receptor Kit (CD117), stem cell factor (SCF) critically regulates human mast cell (MC) differentiation, survival, priming, and activation. The dominance of SCF in setting these parameters compels stringent contra-regulation to maintain a balanced MC phenotype. We have synthesized a library of bispecific Ab fragments to examine the effect of linking Kit with CD300a. In this study, we report that CD300a exerts a strong inhibitory effect on Kit-mediated SCF-induced signaling, consequently impairing MC differentiation, survival, and activation in vitro. This effect derives from Kit-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of CD300a and recruitment of the SHIP-1 but not of SH2-containing protein phosphatase 1. CD300a inhibits the constitutive activation of the human leukemic HMC-1 cells but not their survival. Finally, CD300a abrogates the allergic reaction induced by SCF in a murine model of cutaneous anaphylaxis. Our findings highlight CD300a as a novel regulator of Kit in human MC and suggest roles for this receptor as a suppressor of Kit signaling in MC-related disorders.
Structure, magnetization, and magnetostriction of Sm-R-Fe （R = Pr, Nd） thin films (2006)

Sm_(0.9 )Pr_(0.1 ) Fe_xand Sm_(1-x )Nd_xFe_(1.9 ) 的结构，磁化，和磁伸缩变瘦电影用 X 光检查衍射，颤动的样品磁强计，和光伸臂方法被调查了。Sm_(0.9 )Pr_(0.1 ) Fe_xthin 电影的结构由一张 Sm-Pr-Fe 无定形相组成，这被发现什么时候 x ≤ 2.69 并且 Sm_(1-x )Nd_xFe_(1.9 ) 的薄电影由一张 Sm-Nd-Fe 无定形相组成。有 Fe 内容的增加的在里面飞机磁化 ofSm_(0.9 )Pr_(0.1 ) Fe_x 薄电影增加，和茶碱飞机 coercivity 的低价值发生在 1.62 ≤ x ≤的范围 2.28。当时，有增加 Fe 的磁伸缩价值 ofSm_(0.9 )Pr_(0.1 ) Fe_x 薄电影增加满足 x ≤ 1.94 并且减少什么时候 x > 1.94。Sm_(1-x )Nd_xFe_(1.9 ) 的在里面飞机磁伸缩在低磁场下面的薄电影被 Nd 的替换为 Sm 改进了什么时候 x = 0.2。
The mammals and birds from the Gruta do Caldeirão, Portugal (2002)

Caldeirão cave is 140 km north east of Lisbon near the town of Tomar. João Zilhão, of the University of Lisbon, excavated Caldeirão between 1979 and 1988. It contains a sequence of levels with associated cultural remains belonging to the Mousterian, Early Upper Palaeolithic, Solutrean, Magdalenian and Neolithic. Faunal remains from a wide spectrum of species were recovered by sieving. The most common large mammals include red deer, equids, goat, chamois, aurochs, and wild boar. Large carnivores, especially hyaena, were common in the older levels, and became scarcer or disappeared in the course of the cave's occupation. Other carnivores include four species of felids, wolf, fox, bear and badger. Rabbit, hare and beaver were also present. Caldeirão provides us with an interesting zoo-archaeological puzzle. Did the cave function more as a hyaena den, at least in its early periods of occupation? The main indicators of hyaena activity include the presence of Crocuta remains, coprolites, and "semi-digested" bones. All these are most common in Mousterian and EUP levels. Burn marks are scarce in the Mousterian and EUP levels, but abundant in subsequent levels. The lithics to bone ratios are low in the Mousterian and EUP, but high in the Solutrean. Most remains of the equids and red deer are juvenile in the early levels and adult in the later ones - a possible reflection of hyaenas' inability to hunt and/or bring back to the cave adults of these species. It is proposed that the cave functioned more as a hyaena den in the early levels and that subsequently hyaenas disappeared as people used the cave more intensively. This decrease in hyaena activity in the course of time at Caldeirão is apparently common in Iberian sites, and suggests that in the Mousterian and EUP human populations were sparse. The rabbit to ungulate ratio also increases with time - another possible indicator of increasing intensity of human exploitation of the environment.
Area-efficient FPGA logic elements: architecture and synthesis (2011)

We consider architecture and synthesis techniques for FPGA logic elements (function generators) and show that the LUT-based logic elements in modern commercial FPGAs are over-engineered. Circuits mapped into traditional LUT-based logic elements have speeds that can be achieved by alternative logic elements that consume considerably less silicon area. We introduce the concept of a trimming input to a logic function, which is an input to a K-variable function about which Shannon decomposition produces a cofactor having fewer than K -- 1 variables. We show that trimming inputs occur frequently in circuits and we propose low-cost asymmetric FPGA logic element architectures that leverage the trimming input concept, as well as some other properties of a circuit's and-inverter graph (AIG) functional representation. We describe synthesis techniques for the proposed architectures that combine a standard cut-based FPGA technology mapping algorithm with two straightforward procedures: 1) Shannon decomposition, and 2) finding non-inverting paths in the circuit's AIG. The proposed architectures exhibit improved logic density versus traditional LUT-based architectures with minimal impact on circuit speed.
Towards Clinico-Pathological Application of Raman Spectroscopy (2008)

As the possibilities in the treatment of diseases continue to evolve, early detection and\ncorrect diagnosis of pathological changes have become increasingly important. Pathology\nliterally means the study (logos) of suffering (pathos), and it is essentially the discipline\nthat bridges basic science and clinical practice by studying the structural and functional\nchanges in diseased cells, tissues and organs. The focus of diagnostic pathology is to label\nthe morphological and molecular changes in cells and tissues so that the appropriate therapeutic\naction can be taken. Histopathology is still the “gold standard” of assessing abnormal\nchanges in tissues. In order to make a pathological diagnosis, it is required that changes\nin the tissues available for evaluation are representative of the disease. Tissue samples are\nusually obtained by biopsy procedures. Because usually only limited real-time information\nis available regarding the nature of the tissues to be sampled, sampling errors tend to occur.\nAnother risk induced by lack of real-time information about the nature of diseased tissues,\nas compared to their normal environment, is incomplete surgical removal of tumor tissue.\nTherefore, the identification of biochemical characteristics of tissues which are indicative\nof a particular abnormality or disease and subsequent incorporation of such characteristics\nin sampling procedures will improve diagnostic accuracy. The same accuracy may assist\nsurgeons in more precise targeting and removing of lesions.
Serviceability and Stability Requirements (1982)

The concept of serviceability limit states has been introduced in chapter 2, and for reinforced concrete structures these states are often satisfied by observing empirical rules which affect the detailing only. In some circumstances, however, it may be desired to estimate the behaviour of a member under working conditions, and mathematical methods of estimating deformations and cracking must be used. The design of water-retaining structures, and prestressed concrete, are both based primarily on the avoidance or limitation of cracking and these are considered separately in other chapters.
Indications, stains and techniques in chromoendoscopy (2012)

Early detection of malignancies within the gastrointestinal tract is essential to improve the prognosis and outcome of affected patients. However, conventional white light endoscopy has a miss rate of up to 25% for gastrointestinal pathology, specifically in the context of small and flat lesions within the colon. Chromoendoscopy and other advanced imaging techniques aim at facilitating the visualization and detection of neoplastic lesions and have been applied throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Chromoendoscopy, particularly in combination with magnifying endoscopy has significantly improved means to detect neoplastic lesions in the gastrointestinal mucosa, particularly in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's colitis. In addition, chromoendoscopy is beneficial in the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially when evaluating Barrett's oesophagus (BO) for the presence of dysplasia. Furthermore, it also improves characterization, differentiation and diagnosis of endoscopically detected suspicious lesions, and helps to delineate the extent of neoplastic lesions that may be amenable to endoscopic resection. This review discusses the dyes, indications and advanced endoscopic imaging methods used in various chromoendoscopic techniques, and presents a critical overview of the existing evidence supporting their use in current practice with a particular emphasis on the role in inflammatory bowel disease and BO.
Hidradenitis Suppurativa (2012)

A 36-year-old woman has recurrent boils under both arms and in the groin. They flare premenstrually, causing pain, suppuration, and an offensive odor. Scarring has developed in the groin area, and chronically draining sinus tracts are interspersed with normal skin. Treatment with short courses of antibiotics or with incision and drainage has had no apparent effect, and she has become socially isolated because of embarrassment about her condition. How would you manage this case?
Polyimide Containing an Acetal Structure with a Photoacid Generator: A Novel Positive Polyimide Photoresist (2000)

A main-chain degradable photosensitive polyimide containing an acetal structure which degrades by the action of acid coming from a photoacid generator has been developed. Polyimides 4 were prepared by the reaction of bis(4-aminophenoxy)methane 1 and various tetracarboxylic anhydrides 2, followed by thermal treatment. In the resulting polyimides 4, 4f filmderivedfrom 4,4′-hexafluoroisopropylidenebis(phthalicanhydride)(6FDA)and 1 showedgood solubility in organic solvents and transparency to UV light. The acid-catalysed degradation reaction was confirmed by the model imide compound in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The system of the polyimide 4f containing 30 wt% of diphenyliodonium 9,10-dimethoxyanthracene-2-sulfonate (DIAS), which is a photoacid generator (PAG) showed a sensitivity of 150 mJ cm −2 with 436 nm light, when it was post-exposure baked at 140°C for 30 min, followed by development with 5% tetramethylammonium hydroxide solution at 45°C.
A Model to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Variables of Extended-Release Products Using In Vivo Tissue Microdialysis in Humans: Bupivacaine-Loaded Microcapsules (2003)

Microcapsules loaded with bupivacaine and dexamethasone and administered by subcutaneous injection produce prolonged cutaneous anesthesia and analgesia. Determination of local tissue pharmacokinetic variables of bupivacaine by microdialysis confirms that the prolonged duration of anesthesia is caused by the extended release characteristics of the microcapsules.
LIGAND CONTROL OF COREGULATOR RECRUITMENT TO NUCLEAR RECEPTORS (2004)

Nuclear receptors modulate transcription through ligand-mediated recruitment of transcriptional coregulator proteins. The structural connection between ligand and coregulator is mediated by a molecular switch, made up of the most carboxy-terminal helix in the ligand-binding domain, helix 12. The dynamics of this switch are thought to underlie ligand specificity of nuclear receptor signaling, but the details of this control mechanism have remained elusive. This review highlights recent structural work on how the ligand controls this molecular switch and the modulation of this signaling pathway by receptor subtype and dimer partner.
Large-scale Production of Human Leukocyte Interferon Containing 108 Units per ml (1978)

Abstract SUMMARY A procedure is described by which human leukocyte interferon can be concentrated 5000-fold and purified over 100-fold on a large scale with over 50% recovery.
The effect of 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate and other tumor promoters on the colony formation of rat tracheal epithelial cells in culture (1984)

Normal primary rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells were isolated and exposed in culture to tumor promoters and irritants of diverse chemical classes. The phorbol derivative class of tumor promoters greatly stimulated colony forming efficiency (CFE) in culture. The efficacies of the agents tested were ranked in the order: mezerein greater than 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) greater than phorbol didecanoate greater than phorbol dibutyrate greater than phorbol dibenzoate greater than 4-O-methyl TPA greater than phorbol diacetate. The parent alcohol phorbol did not stimulate CFE under the conditions tested. The indole alkaloid tumor promoter teleocidin stimulated CFE at concentrations at least 10-fold lower than those required for TPA. Other irritants and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters such as anthralin, benzoyl peroxide, calcium ionophore A23187, and ethylphenyl propiolate were either inactive or reduced CFE. Phenobarbital marginally stimulated CFE at one concentration but reduced CFE at higher concentrations. Increases in CFE elicited by TPA and analogs were dependent upon the time of addition of TPA to the cultures. Maximum increases in CFE were observed when the cells were plated into medium containing TPA. If TPA was added 40 h after plating, stimulation of CFE did not occur. This 40 h time interval may represent a crucial period for the commitment of RTE stem cells to proliferation or differentiation. Whether the stimulation of colony formation seen in normal RTE cells exposed to phorbol derivatives also occurs in carcinogen-altered cells, thereby causing their proliferative expansion, remains to be determined.
Fatigue behavior of ionomers. 3. Effect of excess neutralizing agent on sulfonated polystyrene ionomers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFatigue behavior of ionomers. 3. Effect of excess neutralizing agent on sulfonated polystyrene ionomersMasanori Hara, P. Jar, and J. A. SauerCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 23, 4964–4969Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00225a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00225a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of glycoPEGylation on factor VIIa binding and internalization (2009)

Recombinant coagulation factor VIIa (rFVIIa), which is widely used for treatment of bleeding episodes in haemophilia patients with inhibitors, is cleared from the circulation relatively fast with a plasma half-life of 2-4 h. PEGylation is an established and clinically proven strategy for prolonging the circulatory life-time of bio-therapeutic proteins. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glycoPEGylation of rFVIIa on rFVIIa binding to its cellular receptors and its subsequent internalization. rFVIIa and glycoPEGylated rFVIIa were labeled with (125)I and the radio-iodinated proteins were used to monitor rFVIIa binding and uptake in endothelial cells and fibroblasts. FVIIa-TF activity at the cell surface was analyzed by a factor X activation assay. Modification of rFVIIa with PEG impaired rFVIIa binding to both endothelial cell protein C receptor and tissue factor (TF) on cell surfaces. The internalization of PEGylated rFVIIa in endothelial cells and fibroblasts was markedly lower compared to the internalization of rFVIIa in these cells. PEGylated rFVIIa was able to activate factor X on TF expressing cell surfaces at a rate similar to that of unmodified rFVIIa when the cells were not subjected to multiple washings to remove the free ligand. General effects such as steric hindrance or changes in electrostatic binding properties of the modified rFVIIa to its receptors are probably responsible for this impairment rather than a loss of specific recognition of the receptors, which could explain near normal activation of factor X by glycoPEGylated rFVIIa on TF expressing cells while its uptake is reduced.
Resistance probe for energetic particle dosimetry with applications for plasma edge studies (1982)

Changes in the electrical resistance of thin carbon films caused by implantation with hydrogen, deuterium, and carbon ions were measured for various incident energies and for particle fluences in the range from 1012 to 1017 at./cm2. At low fluences the resistivity change is found to be proportional to the displacement damage caused by the incident particles. A model is presented which can be used to calculate the resistance change which is in good agreement with the measurements. It is proposed that by measuring the resistance change for carbon films exposed to the edge of magnetically confined plasmas the energy and the flux of incident ions and neutral atoms may be determined.
Mixed-metal oxide films via a heterobimetallic complex as an MOCVD single-source precursor (1996)

S. Shyu, J. Wu, S. Chuang, K. Chi and Y. Sung, Chem. Commun., 1996, 2239 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960002239
Improvement in etching rate for epilayer lift-off with surfactant (2013)

In this study, the GaAs epilayer is quickly separated from GaAs substrate by epitaxial lift-off (ELO) process with mixture etchant solution. The HF solution mixes with surfactant as mixture etchant solution to etch AlAs sacrificial layer for the selective wet etching of AlAs sacrificial layer. Addiction surfactants etchant significantly enhance the etching rate in the hydrofluoric acid etching solution. It is because surfactant provides hydrophilicity to change the contact angle with enhances the fluid properties of the mixture etchant between GaAs epilayer and GaAs substrate. Arsine gas was released from the etchant solution because the critical reaction product in semiconductor etching is dissolved arsine gas. Arsine gas forms a bubble, which easily displaces the etchant solution, before the AlAs layer was undercut. The results showed that acetone and hydrofluoric acid ratio of about 1:1 for the fastest etching rate of 13.2 μm / min. The etching rate increases about 4 times compared with pure hydrofluoric acid, moreover can shorten the separation time about 70% of GaAs epilayer with GaAs substrate. The results indicate that etching ratio and stability are improved by mixture etchant solution. It is not only saving the epilayer and the etching solution exposure time, but also reducing the damage to the epilayer structure.