gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Cloaca of the Female Amphiuma tridactylum (1942)

TRAPIDO, HAROLD 1940 Mating time and sperm viability in Storeria. Ibid., 1940: 107-109. WOOD, F. D. 1933 Mating of the prairie rattlesnake Crotalus confluentus confluentus Say. Ibid., 1933: 84-87. WOODWARD, S. F. 1933 A few notes on the persistence of active spermatozoa in the African night adder, Causus rhombeatus. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1933: 189-190. WUNDERER, H. 1910 Beitrige zur Biologie und Entwicklungsgeschichte des Alpensalamanders (Salamandra atra Laur.). Zool. Jahrb., (Syst.), 28: 23-80.
Heating of Continuous Thermoluminescent Layers with Localised Laser Beams (1983)

Abstract Thin uniform continuous layers of thermoluminescent materials are convenient dosemeter configurations for laser-heated thermoluminescence dosimetry. Rapid heating of a small circular spot determined by the Gaussian laser beam profile together with thermal diffusion yields characteristic glow curve shapes. The complex spatio-temporal behaviour of the thermoluminescence emission, which results from this particular situation of heat transfer and diffusion, was calculated as a function of time and compared with experimental data.
Unusual temperature dependence of the positron lifetime in a polymer of intrinsic microporosity (2007)

Abstract The performance of polymeric membranes for gas separation is mainly determined by the free volume. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity are interesting due to the high abundance of accessible free volume. We performed measurements of the temperature dependence of the positron lifetime, generally accepted for investigation of free volume, in two polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIM‐1 and PIM‐7) in the range from 143 to 523 K. The mean value of the free volume calculated from the ortho‐positronium lifetime is in the range of typical values for high free volume polymers. However, the temperature dependence of the local free volume is non‐monotonous in contrast to the macroscopic thermal expansion. The explanation is linked to the spirocenters in the polymer. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ultralightweight and Flexible Silylated Nanocellulose Sponges for the Selective Removal of Oil from Water (2014)

In this work, we report the facile synthesis of hydrophobic, flexible, and ultralightweight (ρsponge ≤ 17.3 mg/cm3) nanocellulose sponges using a novel and efficient silylation process in water. These functional materials with high porosity (≥99%) are easily engineered by freeze-drying water suspensions of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC), a natural nanomaterial isolated from renewable resources, in the presence of methyltrimethoxysilane sols of various concentrations. Microscopic and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance analyses reveal that the sponges are composed of a three-dimensional cellulosic network of thin sheets and nanofilaments, covered by polysiloxanes. Compared with conventional inorganic porous materials, the silylated NFC sponges display an unprecedented flexibility with a maximal shape recovery corresponding to 96% of the original thickness after 50% compression strain. The sponges also combine both hydrophobic and oleophilic properties and prove to be very efficient in removing dodecane spills from a water surface with an excellent selectivity and recyclability. Finally, the sponges can collect a wide range of organic solvents and oils with absorption capacities up to 100 times their own weight, depending on the density of the liquids. This versatile functionalization method opens up new opportunities for the design of novel advanced functional biomaterials with controlled properties.
Challenges in polymer analysis by liquid chromatography (2012)

Synthetic polymers are very important in our daily life. Many valuable properties of polymers are determined by their molecular weight and chemical composition. Liquid chromatographic (LC) techniques are very commonly used for molecular characterisation of polymers. LC analysis of macromolecules is more challenging than analysis of low-molecular-weight compounds, because of polymer dispersity, chemical heterogeneity (several polymer distributions within one sample), poor solubility of many engineering plastics in common chromatographic solvents, and other factors. The present review focuses on difficulties associated with LC analysis of synthetic polymers. The approaches that allow bringing poorly soluble polymers within the scope of LC are discussed. Different LC modes used for polymer separations are reviewed and associated practical challenges are identified. Aspects of optimization of separations in terms of resolution (retention factors, selectivity and efficiency) and analysis time are discussed. Modern technologies (core–shell stationary phases, monolithic columns, and sub-2 μm particles) that may positively affect the trade-off between speed of analysis and efficiency are considered in this respect. Finally, the issue of detection in LC of polymers is addressed. The advantages and limitations of different detection techniques as well as hyphenated techniques are discussed.
Computer Simulations of Globular Protein Folding and Tertiary Structure (1989)

In summary, although a large number of disparate techniques have been applied to predict the tertiary structure of globular proteins from their amino acid sequence, the solution is not yet at hand. Methodologies for predicting the conformation of constrained, small protein fragments appear to be successful. As the size of the system increases, the level of detail of the treatment decreases; approaches that employ very detailed potentials appear to be limited to about 30-40 residues. Although this is a major advance, methods that reduce the effective number of degrees of freedom are clearly required. Lattice representations coupled to highly efficient Monte Carlo procedures appear to be one such approach. Thus, although a number of theoretical advances in the computer simulation of globular protein structure have been made, much work remains to be done before the globular protein folding problem is solved.
Addition of rituximab to standard therapy improves response rate and progression-free survival in relapsed or refractory thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (2007)

Treatment of relapsed or refractory autoimmune mediated haemolytic syndromes, such as autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), represents a therapeutic challenge. Here we report on our experience with the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab (R) compared to standard treatment in these diseases. Patients with non-familial TTP or AIHA and no underlying malignancy were included in our analysis. Safety and efficacy of R-treatment were compared to results obtained in standard treatment approaches. Altogether, 27 patients were analyzed, comprising 15 patients with TTP and 12 patients with AIHA. The patients' average age at the time of diagnosis was 54 years. Eleven patients received antibody treatment (8 TTP, 3 AIHA). No acute or late WHO grade III/IV toxicity associated with rituximab was noted. With standard therapy, the overall response rate (ORR) was 66.7% for AIHA and 65.8% for TTP, respectively. For the R-containing regimens the ORR was 100%. In patients with TTP, median progression free survival (PFS) with R-treatment was 3.8 years, as compared to 0.1 years in the standard-treatment group. In patients with AIHA median PFS was not reached for R-containing treatment; all patients are in sustained remissions with a median follow up of 12.5 months. In the absence of prospective trials, our data underline the safety and efficacy of rituximab in relapsed and refractory autoimmune anaemias with favourable response rates and promising long-term progression-free survival. Therefore, prospective clinical trials evaluating rituximab as salvage- and first-line-therapy are clearly warranted.
Understanding the Chemical Mechanisms for Low Salinity Waterflooding (2016)

Abstract Low salinity water (LSW) is reported to improve oil recovery (IOR) significantly in sandstone and carbonate core experiments. Ranges of IOR vary significantly depending on the chemical composition of brine, oil and cores. We previously developed a process-based and predictive model that explicitly includes the chemical interactions between crude oil, brine, and the carbonate surface that alter rock wettability. In this research, we improve the developed model to include explicitly the acid/base interaction and ion-binding interaction of crude oil adsorption. The wettability alteration is quantified by the surface concentrations of adsorbed carboxylic acids, which is a result of aqueous and surface reactions. The total concentrations of aqueous and surface species are varied individually and together over a large range while precipitation constraints are also included. The wettability is for a variety of brine compositions used in experiments. The wettability depends strongly on the concentration of Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42−, as well as the total salinity. Including the acid/base interaction can explain the wettability alteration trend when Ca2+, Mg2+ and SO42− concentrations are significant. Including the ion-binding through Ca2+ can better explain the wettability alteration trend when diluted formation water or seawater is injected. We can reproduce the wettability alteration trend reported in experiments from different sources by combining the acid/base and ion-binding mechanisms and considering the irreversibility of the carboxylic adsorption reactions.
A structural model for the cholesterol‐phosphatidylcholine complexes in bilayer membranes (1977)

Based on the structural properties of phospholipid and cholesterol molecules, and making use of the known structural and motional effects of cholesterol and its analogs on phospholipid bilayers, a model for the cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine complex is proposed. In this model, the 3beta-hydroxyl group of cholesterol is assumed to engage in hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl oxygen of the fatty acyl groups in phospholipids. Some specific configurations of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl chains of the phospholipid are suggested to participate in van der Waals attractive interactions with the apha and beta surface of the steroid nucleus.
A LINEAR LEAST-SQUARES ALGORITHM FOR JOINT DIAGONALIZATION (2003)

We present a new approach to approximate joint diagonalization of a set of matrices. The main advantages of our method are computational efficiency and generality. We develop an iterative procedure, called LSDIAG, which is based on multiplicative updates and on linear least-squares optimization. The efficiency of our algorithm is achieved by the first-order approximation of the matrices being diagonalized. Numerical simulations demonstrate the usefulness of the method in general, and in particular, its capability to perform blind source separation without requiring the usual prewhitening of the data. 1.
Regulation of Spermatogonial Stem Cell Self-Renewal in Mammals (2008)

Mammalian spermatogenesis is a classic adult stem cell-dependent process, supported by self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Studying SSCs provides a model to better understand adult stem cell biology, and deciphering the mechanisms that control SSC functions may lead to treatment of male infertility and an understanding of the etiology of testicular germ cell tumor formation. Self-renewal of rodent SSCs is greatly influenced by the niche factor glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF). In mouse SSCs, GDNF activation upregulates expression of the transcription factor-encoding genes bcl6b, etv5, and lhx1, which influence SSC self-renewal. Additionally, the non-GDNF-stimulated transcription factors Plzf and Taf4b have been implicated in regulating SSC functions. Together, these molecules are part of a robust gene network controlling SSC fate decisions that may parallel the regulatory networks in other adult stem cell populations.
Neutron radiographic measurement of the diffusion of H in β-Ti, V, Nb and Ta (1977)

Neutron radiography is used to measure the hydrogen diffusion in metals. It is possible to work in a range of exposures where the optical density distribution on the radiographic film directly represents the hydrogen distribution in the sample. The method is essentially non-destructive and the hydrogen need not penetrate surfaces during the measurement. The diffusion coefficients of H in beta -Ti, V, Nb and Ta in qualities as usually delivered were measured for temperatures between 50 to 110 degrees C. The results indicate that (i) the diffusion coefficient of H in beta -Ti, Nb and Ta is not very sensitive to chemical composition and impurity content and (ii) the diffusion coefficient of H in V is much reduced by cold working without subsequent annealing. It is concluded that for most technical applications regarding the H transport properties it is not necessary to use extremely pure metals.
Semivariograms from a forest transect gap model compared with remotely sensed data (1992)

Abstract. A spatially linked version of a forest gap model, ZELIG, parameterized for the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon, was used to generate structural properties (i.e. biomass, leaf area, and maximum tree height) of young (80 yr), mature (140 yr), and old‐growth (450 yr) Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas fir) forests. Semivariograms were produced at 10 and 30 m resolution to describe the spatio‐temporal patterns of variation of the simulated structural features along a 5 km transect of contiguous 10 m x 10 m grid cells. These semivariograms from the simulations were compared with semivariograms from matrices of pixel digital values obtained from aerial videography of similarly aged stands. Although autocorrelative spatial patterning was absent from both the remotely sensed imagery (except at < 20 m for the 450 yr stand) and the model output, the pixel‐to‐pixel and plot‐to‐plot variances exhibited similar patterns across the chronosequence at both resolutions. This suggests that gap models are able to capture temporal aspects of landscape dynamics associated with canopy texture of Pacific Northwest forests.
Sams Teach Yourself Java 2 in 21 Days (1999)

From the Publisher:
Thoroughly revised and updated to cover the latest developments in Java technologies, this easy-to-understand, comprehensive tutorial helps you quickly master the basics of Java programming before moving on to more advanced topics like Java Foundation Classes, JavaBeans, Remote Method Invocation, Java Servlets. JavaServer Pages, and XML. In just 21 days you'll have all the skills you need to program your own professional-level Java applets and applications.--BOOK JACKET.
Increased deoxycytidine kinase activity in cancer cells and inhibition by difluorodeoxycytidine. (1992)

The activity of deoxycytidine kinase (EC 2.7.1.74), an important pyrimidine salvage enzyme, was elevated 5- to 30-fold in human ovarian carcinoma and OVCAR-5 cells, in human colon carcinoma and HT-29 cells, in rat hepatoma 3924A solid tumors and cells, and in rat sarcoma as compared with the respective control normal cells. There was an inverse relationship between cell doubling time and deoxycytidine kinase activity in 8 cancer cell lines, with rapidly growing HL-60 cells (20 hr) showing the highest, and slower-growing lung H69 cells (60 hr) the smallest, increase in enzyme activity. In time-sequence studies in human HL-60, OVCAR-5, PANC-1, and rat hepatoma 3924A cells, there was a significant rise in deoxycytidine kinase activity after 3-6 hr of seeding, with peak increases (3.5- to 4-fold) at 48-72 hr in the log phase in comparison with values of the respective plateau phase cells (96-144 hr). In extracts of various cancer cells, the high deoxycytidine kinase activity was competitively inhibited by difluorodeoxycytidine (DFDC), with Ki = 7 to 30 microM. The Km for deoxycytidine in various carcinoma cell lines ranged from 0.3 to 0.7 mM and addition of DFDC increased the apparent Km from 0.7 to 4 mM. Deoxycytidine kinase activity in human HL-60 cells was inhibited by the end product, dCTP, with IC50 = 3 microM; dCTP elevated the Km for deoxycytidine from 0.35 to 0.9 mM. dTTP reversed the inhibition by dCTP.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biliary lipid secretion. (1992)

The liver has many biochemical functions, of which one of the most important is bile formation. Bile is both a secretory and an excretory fluid and two of its most important functions are the delivery to the intestinal tract of: (i) bile acids to assist in fat digestion and absorption; and (ii) liver-derived metabolites of potentially toxic materials prior to their elimination from the body in the feces. Bile contains numerous solutes, including bile acids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Biliary lipids mainly consist of cholesterol and phospholipids and their secretion into bile is affected by the secretion of bile acids. Phospholipids and cholesterol are synthesized in the hepatocytes and are thought to be transferred via vesicle- and non-vesicle-mediated mechanisms into the bile canaliculus. Hepatocytes acquire biliary lipid by three pathways, which are biosynthesis, lipoproteins and existing molecules drawn from intracellular membranes, with the newly synthesized biliary lipid accounting for less than 20% of the total lipids. The hepatic determinants of biliary cholesterol elimination are not limited to total cholesterol homeostasis, but also concern biliary disease conditions, since excess biliary cholesterol secretion is involved in cholesterol gallstone formation, as well as being a major risk factor for gallbladder cancer. The purpose of this review was to highlight some of the major mechanisms involved in biliary lipid secretion.
Hepatoprotective Effects of Taiwan Folk Medicine: <i>Ixeris chinensis</i> (Thunb.) Nak. on Experimental Liver Injuries (1994)

The hepatoprotective effects of Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. were studied on acute hepatitis induced in mice by a single dose of carbon tetrachloride (31.25 microliters/kg, ip) or acetaminophen (600 mg/kg, ip), and in rats by a single dose of beta-D-galactosamine (188 mg/kg, ip). Hepatoprotective activity was monitored by estimating the serum transaminases (SGOT and SGPT) levels and histopathological changes in the livers of experimental animals. The Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. extracts significantly inhibited the acute elevation of serum transaminases. Histopathologically, the crude I. chinensis extract significantly ameliorated hepatotoxin-induced histopathological changes in the livers of experimental animals. All pharmacological and histopathological effects of Ixeris chinensis (Thunb.) Nak. were compared with Bupleurum chinense DC., which has been previously reported as a treatment herb for hepatitis.
Decoupled stochastic mapping [for mobile robot & AUV navigation] (2001)

This paper describes decoupled stochastic mapping (DSM), a new computationally efficient approach to large-scale concurrent mapping and localization (CML). DSM reduces the computational burden of conventional stochastic mapping by dividing the environment into multiple overlapping submap regions, each with its own stochastic map. Two new approximation techniques are utilized for transferring vehicle state information from one submap to another, yielding a constant-time algorithm whose memory requirements scale linearly with the number of submaps. The approach is demonstrated via simulations and experiments. Simulation results are presented for the case of an autonomous underwater vehicle navigating in an unknown environment with 110 and 1200 features using simulated observations of point features by a forward look sonar. Empirical tests are used to examine the consistency of the error bounds calculated by the different methods. Experimental results are also presented for an environment with 93 features using sonar data obtained in a 3 by 9 by 1 m testing tank.
Modeling plasma loudspeakers (2007)

This paper deals with the acoustic modeling and measurement of a needle-to-grid plasma loudspeaker using a negative Corona discharge. In the first part, we summarize the model described in previous papers, where the electrode gap is divided into a charged particle production region near the needle and a drift region which occupies most of the inter-electrode gap. In each region, interactions between charged and neutral particles in the ionized gas lead to a perturbation of the surrounding air, and thus generate an acoustic field. In each region, viewed as a separate acoustic source, an acoustical model requiring only a few parameters is proposed. In the second part of the paper, an experimental setup is presented for measuring acoustic pressures and directivities. This setup was developed and used to study the evolution of the parameters with physical properties, such as the geometrical and electrical configuration and the needle material. In the last part of this paper, a study on the electroacoustic efficiency of the plasma loudspeaker is described, and differences with respect to the design parameters are analyzed. Although this work is mainly aimed at understanding transduction phenomena, it may be found useful for the development of an audio loudspeaker.
Protractor3D (2011)

Protractor 3D is a gesture recognizer that extends the 2D touch screen gesture recognizer Protractor to 3D gestures. It inherits many of Protractor's desirable properties, such as high recognition rate, low computational and low memory requirements, ease of implementation, ease of customization, and low number of required training samples. Protractor 3D is based on a closed-form solution to finding the optimal rotation angle between two gesture traces involving quaternions. It uses a nearest neighbor approach to classify input gestures. It is thus well-suited for application in resource-constrained mobile devices. We present the design of the algorithm and a study that evaluated its performance.
Production of recombinant porcine colipase secreted by <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and its application to improve dietary fat digestion and growth of postweaning piglets (2008)

Recombinant porcine pancreatic colipase (pCoL) was produced in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. A synthetic yeast secretion cassette was constructed with the constitutive promoter of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate-dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene and the yeast alpha-mating factor signal peptide. The pCoL cDNA corresponding in the coding sequence, excluding a 16-amino acid segment of the native signal sequence, was cloned into the pGAPZalphaB vector and integrated into the genome of P. pastoris. Yeast transformants were cultured and bioactive pCoL protein was detected in the supernatant at a high-level of 126.8 mg/L after 3 days of culture. The transformed yeast containing the highest recombinant colipase level (pCoL yeast) and native yeast GS 115 not containing pCoL (non-pCoL yeast, as a control group) were separately cultured and the supernatants were adsorbed by dried skim milk. In an animal trial, two concentrations of colipase activity (0 vs. 5,000 U/kg in the diet) were blended with the pig corn-soybean basal diet and fed to weaned piglets for 4 weeks. The pCoL-administrated test group gained significantly more weight than piglets in the control group when measured at Day 15 (11.84 +/- 0.70 vs. 10.59 +/- 0.39 kg, P < 0.05), Day 22 (15.84 +/- 0.95 vs. 14.32 +/- 0.59 kg, P < 0.01), and Day 28 (20.19 +/- 1.47 vs. 18.54 +/- 0.92 kg, P < 0.01) after weaning. The blood triglyceride (TG) concentrations were significantly increased in the experimental test group that received recombinant colipase on the 28th day of postweaning when compared with that of the control group (32.50 vs. 16.37 mg/dL; P < 0.0001). These experimental data suggest that the use of recombinant porcine colipase as a dietary supplement provides an alternative approach for improving fat digestion and enhancing growth in postweaning piglets.