gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A ribosomal-boand aminopeptidase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> B: substrate specificity (1970)

The substrate specificity of the ribosomal-bound aminopeptidase from Escherichia coli B has been studied using di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides. The enzyme shows strong activity to leucyl, methionyl, threonyl, and lysyl peptides. Of the other dipeptides tested considerable hydrolysis was observed only if the C-terminal amino acid was leucine or methionine. In a given series of peptides the rate of hydrolysis of the N-terminal peptide bond increased as the size of the peptide increased. Although leucyi dipeptides were hydroiyzed more rapidly than the corresponding methionyl dipeptide the reverse was true with the tripeptides tested. No carboxypeptidase activity was observed and peptides containing D-amino acids were not hydroiyzed. The substrate specificity of the aminopeptidase was compared with the known N-terminal sequences of E. coli proteins to determine whether the enzyme may be involved in the removal of N-formylmethionyl from newly synthesized polypeptides.
Bronchial epithelial cells are rendered insensitive to glucocorticoid transactivation by transforming growth factor-β1 (2014)

Our results indicate that TGF-beta profoundly impairs GC transactivation in bronchial epithelial cells through activating ALK5, but not through known non-canonical pathways, nor through Smad4-dependent signalling, suggesting that TGF-beta may impair GC action through a novel non-canonical signalling mechanism.
Enabling Context-Aware Services for Mobile Users (2004)

We present an architecture that offers a set of generic services for building context-aware mobile applications. We present two realized prototypes that recognize user’s context, learn his routines, use context information to constrain service discovery as well as to find relevant information, and manage connectivity on the basis of the given policy. Further, the user interfaces and applications are separated using a script language, and video message delivery is controlled based on presence information. We are not aware of any other prototypes offering equally wide context-aware functionality.
Fetal movements in utero: nature, assessment, prognostic value, timing of delivery. (1977)

Fetal movements in utero are an expression of fetal well-being. However, a sudden increase of fetal movements is a sign of acute fetal distress, such as in cases of cord complications or abruptio placentae. Decreased fetal movements are seen in cases of chronic fetal distress such as preeclampsia, hypertension in pregnancy, etc. It was shown that in these cases a pronounced decrease up to cessation of fetal movements occurred before fetal death in utero while fetal heart beats were still audible for at least 12 hours. This situation was called "movements alarm signal" (MAS). This sign points to a severely disturbed fetus and indicates impending intrauterine fetal death. Such a development is an indication for immediate delivery of the fetus, provided it is viable. High-risk pregnant women are instructed to assess and record fetal movements daily as a monitor of fetal condition. A special device which records fetal movements is used to confirm the women's assessment of fetal movement. It was shown that fetal movement monitoring was found to be more reliable than the urinary estriol determination in predicting impending fetal death in utero. It was also shown that in cases of MAS, fetal heart rate (FHR) changes will appear 1 to 4 days after the MAS has appeared. Meconium was found in only 50% of these cases. Increased fetal movements are manifested as a response to various stimuli such as sound, light, touch, and ultrasound. Classification of high-risk pregnancies into 3 groups according to the hormone assays, enzyme assays, ultrasonic cephalometry, fetal movements, and FHR is suggested.
Generalization of an Enhanced ECC Methodology for Low Power PSRAM (2012)

Error control codes (ECCs) have been widely used to maintain the reliability of memories, but ordinary ECC codes are not suitable for memories with long codewords. For portable products, power reduction in memories with DRAM-like cells can be done by reducing the refresh frequency, but the loss of data integrity should be taken care of seriously. To solve these issues, we have proposed a parallel encoding and decoding ECC scheme to reduce refresh power for an industrial pseudo-SRAM (PSRAM) with long codewords. In this paper, we briefly review the scheme and propose a systematic way to generate the parity check matrix for the new ECC scheme. We also modify the parity correction mechanism to reduce the operating power of the scheme. As for the 70 ns access time of the 256-MB PSRAM with 64-bit codewords and 16-bit I/O, experimental results show that the new ECC scheme can be integrated with the READ/WRITE operations with about 0.2 percent circuit area overhead and less than 3.5 ns encoding/decoding time. The new ECC architecture provides a flexible solution for memories with different widths of ECC codewords and I/O ports, without the error masking effect or reduction in reliability.
How to acquire customers on the Web. (2001)

Most retailers on the Web spend more to acquire customers than they will ever get back in revenue from them. Many think that sky-high spending on marketing is necessary to stake out their share of Internet space. But is it really? How do retailers know how much to pay? Consider CDnow, which has developed a multifaceted customer-acquisition strategy that reflects a clear understanding of the economics of an on-line business. At the heart of its strategy is affiliate marketing, a concept the company pioneered. Under its BuyWeb program, anyone can put a link to CDnow on his or her Web site, and if a customer uses that link to arrive at CDnow and make a purchase, the referring site owner gets a percentage of the sale. CDnow pays no money if no sale is made, which makes the marketing program completely efficient. But CDnow didn't stop there. Being a Web store, it had complete data on the number of visitors to its site and what they bought, which it used to work out the lifetime value of an average customer. CDnow used that figure to determine how much to wager on the expensive and risky world of traditional advertising to reach a wider audience that wasn't already on-line. CDnow's experience, still a work in progress, contradicts John Wanamaker's oft-quoted lament: "I know half the money I spend on advertising is wasted, but I can never find out which half." As the CDnow example demonstrates, there is a way to find out which half really works.
Membrane phospholipids as an energy source in the operation of the visual cycle (1991)

Biology depends on the coupling of the free energy of hydrolysis of phosphate esters, such as ATP, to drive processes which would otherwise be thermodynamically unfavorable. Carboxyl esters are like phosphate esters in their ability to hydrolyze with substantial negative free energies, enabling them to participate in group transfer processes as well. In particular, membrane phospholipids constitute an enormous store of potential energy that could be used to fuel energetically unfavorable processes. One such process involves the biosynthesis of 11-cis-retinal, the chromophore of rhodopsin, from all-trans-retinol (vitamin A). The difference in free energy between an all-trans retinoid and its corresponding 11-cis retinoid is approximately 4 kcal/mol. This energy is provided for in a minimally two-step process involving membrane phospholipids as the energy source. First, all-trans-retinol is esterified in the retinal pigment epithelium by lecithin retinol acyl transferase (LRAT) to produce an all-trans-retinyl ester. Second, this ester is transformed into 11-cis-retinol by an isomerohydrolase in a process that couples the negative free energy of hydrolysis of the acyl ester to the formation of the strained 11-cis-retinol.
Crosstalk Between Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells Leads to Downregulation of Cytokine-Induced Leukocyte Recruitment (2013)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have immunomodulatory properties, but their effects on endothelial cells (EC) and recruitment of leukocytes are unknown. We cocultured human bone marrow-derived MSC with EC and found that MSC could downregulate adhesion of flowing neutrophils or lymphocytes and their subsequent transendothelial migration. This applied for EC treated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF), interleukin-1β (IL-1), or TNF and interferon-γ combined. Supernatant from cocultures also inhibited endothelial responses. This supernatant had much higher levels of IL-6 than supernatant from cultures of the individual cells, which also lacked inhibitory functions. Addition of neutralizing antibody against IL-6 removed the bioactivity of the supernatant and also the immunomodulatory effects of coculture. Studies using siRNA showed that IL-6 came mainly from the MSC in coculture, and reduction in production in MSC alone was sufficient to impair the protective effects of coculture. Interestingly, siRNA knockdown of IL-6-receptor expression in MSC as well as EC inhibited anti-inflammatory effects. This was explained when we detected soluble IL-6R receptor in supernatants and showed that receptor removal reduced the potency of supernatant. Neutralization of transforming growth factor-β indicated that activation of this factor in coculture contributed to IL-6 production. Thus, crosstalk between MSC and EC caused upregulation of production of IL-6 by MSC which in turn downregulated the response of EC to inflammatory cytokines, an effect potentiated by MSC release of soluble IL-6R. These studies establish a novel mechanism by which MSC might have protective effects against inflammatory pathology and cardiovascular disease.
Influence of mercurial sulfhydryl agents on aqueous outflow pathways in enucleated eyes. (1984)

Enucleated calf and primate eyes were perfused with either p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonate (PCMBS) or p-chloromercuribenzene (PCMB). Both caused a decrease in aqueous outflow that did not result from inhibition of glycolysis in trabecular cells. Morphologic studies of PCMBS-treated primate eyes suggested that the reduction in aqueous outflow occurred as the result of cellular swelling in the trabecular meshwork and, particularly, in the juxtacanalicular connective tissue. These findings suggest that changes in cell volume may influence trabecular outflow resistance and that mercurial-sensitive membrane sulfhydryl groups could participate in the regulation of aqueous outflow.
Modality conversion for QoS management in universal multimedia access (2005)

Modality conversion currently emerges as an important issue in universal multimedia access. The decision on modality conversion is affected by various factors, such as terminal capability, user preferences, surrounding environment, etc. Here, modality conversion under the constraint of connection bitrate is considered. Intuitively, when content scaling cannot provide the acceptable QoS, modality conversion may be a good choice to deliver an appropriate quality. From the QoS point of view, two important questions in modality conversion are: ‘at what resource constraint point should a change of modality occur?’ and ‘what is the destination modality?’ That is, knowing the conversion boundaries between modalities is crucial for a seamless modality conversion. In this paper, a systematic approach to help answer these questions is presented.
Navigation: ships to space (1988)

An examination is made of old and new navigation technology that considers most factors affecting this technology, including cost, accuracy, autonomy, time-delay, global coverage, and the human interface. The author reviews cartography and the navigation of land, ship, air, and space vehicles, concluding with a forecast of navigation in the twenty-first century. An extensive annotated bibliography is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Human Cytomegalovirus by Immunogold and Silver Enhancement (1989)

AbstractAbstractFour commercially available immunocytochemistry kits were compared for their ability to detect human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in tissue culture and histologic sections using HCMV specific murine monoclonal antibodies. The procedures evaluated included two avidin-biotin complex (ABC) kits with either alkaline phosphatase or peroxidase coupled to biotin, an indirect immunogold silver enhancement (IGSS) kit using goat-antimouse antibody-5 nm gold sol, and a streptavidin- 5 nm gold sol kit. For HCMV detection in tissue culture, the ABC-alkaline phosphatase kit was superior to the ABCperoxidase and indirect IGSS kits. The streptavidin IGSS kit was also superior to the indirect IGSS kit in its ability to detect HCMV in tissue culture. Of the three silver enhancement techniques, the IntenSE I1 provided the best balance between ease of administration and intensity of staining. The streptavidin IGSS kit performed well in demonstrating HCMV-infected cells in histologic sections. These studies demonstrate that streptavidin IGSS is a useful immunocytochemical procedure that can be used for studies involving HCMV diagnoses, and HCMV pathogenetic studies. (The J Histotechnol 12:9, 1989).Keywords: avidin-biotin complex (ABC)human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)immunogold-silver-enhancement (IGSS)
Preferential occurrence of diazotrophic endophytes, <i>Azoarcus</i> spp., in wild rice species and land races of <i>Oryza sativa</i> in comparison with modern races (2000)

Several diazotrophic species of Azoarcus spp. occur as endophytes in the pioneer plant Kallar grass. The purpose of this study was to screen Asian wild rice and cultivated Oryza sativa varieties for natural association with these endophytes. Populations of culturable diazotrophs in surface‐sterilized roots were characterized by 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and Azoarcus species were identified by genomic fingerprints. A. indigens and Azoarcus sp. group C were detected only rarely, whereas Azoarcus sp. group D occurred frequently in samples of flooded plants: in 75% of wild rice, 80% of land races of O. sativa from Nepal and 33% of modern cultivars from Nepal and Italy. The putatively endophytic populations of diazotrophs differed with the rice genotype. The diversity of cultured diazotrophs was significantly lower in wild rice species than in modern cultivars. In Oryza officinalis (from Nepal) and O. minuta (from the Philippines), Azoarcus sp. group D were the predominant diazotrophic putative endophytes in roots. In contrast, their number was significantly lower in modern cultivars of O. sativa , whereas numbers and diversity of other diazotrophs, such as Azospirillum spp., Klebsiella sp., Sphingomonas paucimobilis , Burkholderia sp. and Azorhizobium caulinodans , were increased. In land races of O. sativa , the diazotrophic diversity was equally high; however, Azoarcus sp. was found in high apparent numbers. Similar differences in populations were also observed in a culture‐independent approach comparing a wild rice ( O. officinalis ) and a modern‐type O. sativa plant: in clone libraries of root‐associated nitrogenase ( nifH ) gene fragments, the diazotrophic diversity was lower in the wild rice species. New lineages of nifH genes were detected, e.g. one deeply branching cluster within the anf (iron) nitrogenases. Our studies demonstrate that the natural host range of Azoarcus spp. extends to rice, wild rice species and old varieties being preferred over modern cultivars.
Auction-based task allocation scheme for dynamic coalition formations in limited robotic swarms with heterogeneous capabilities (2016)

Task allocation is one of the main issues to be addressed in the domain of multi-robot systems, in which it is determined which robot(s) should execute which task(s) so that overall system goal is achieved. Such collective decision making process is of great significance during complex task execution by swarm of simple robots with heterogeneous capabilities. This work targets the issue of coalition formations in a limited swarm of robots to perform a task requiring multiple single-task robots (ST-MR-IA) depending upon their heterogeneous capability conditions. Capabilities of individual robots may vary to different certain levels in a dynamic environment during task execution which can further affect the coalition formed to execute a specific complex task requiring certain level of collective/group capability. This study aims to suggest an algorithm for task allocations through auction mechanism to form a new or modify a coalition underway, where individual robots may gain or lose their task capabilities at certain time instants. Effectiveness of proposed algorithm in terms of task-execution time and utility of coalitions is analyzed through simulations.
Regulation of gluconeogenesis by glutamine in normal postabsorptive humans (1997)

There is evidence that glutamine may act as a regulator of protein, free fatty acid, and glycogen metabolism. To test the hypothesis that glutamine may act as a physiological regulator of gluconeogenesis, we infused 16 normal postabsorptive volunteers with glutamine at a rate (11.4 micromol kg(-1) x min(-1)) estimated to approximate its appearance in plasma after a protein meal and assessed changes in production of glucose from glutamine, systemic glucose appearance and disposal, and uptake and release of glucose, glutamine, and alanine by forearm skeletal muscle. Although infusion of glutamine increased plasma glutamine concentration and turnover only threefold (from 0.63 +/- 0.03 to 1.95 +/- 0.10 mmol/l and from 5.43 +/- 0.24 to 14.85 +/- 0.66 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1), respectively; P < 0.001), formation of glucose from glutamine increased sevenfold from 0.55 +/- 0.03 to 3.74 +/- 0.28 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1) (P < 0.001). Formation of glucose from alanine was also stimulated (0.52 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.75 +/- 0.04 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.001) in the absence of a change in plasma alanine concentration. Furthermore, glutamine infusion decreased its own de novo synthesis (4.55 +/- 0.22 vs. 2.81 +/- 0.62 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1);P < 0.02) while increasing that of alanine (2.82 +/- 0.32 vs. 3.56 +/- 0.32 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.002). Systemic glucose appearance, systemic glucose disposal, and forearm balance of glucose and alanine were not altered. Because the stimulatory effects of glutamine on gluconeogenesis occurred in the absence of changes in plasma insulin and glucagon levels, these results provide evidence that, in humans, glutamine may act both as a substrate and as a regulator of gluconeogenesis as well as a modulator of its own metabolism.
The unexamined Whiteness of teaching: how White teachers maintain and enact dominant racial ideologies (2009)

Abstract While much research that explores the role of race in education focuses on children of color, this article explores an aspect of the predominately White teaching force that educates them. This article explores findings from a qualitative study that posed questions about the ways in which White pre‐service teachers' life‐experiences influenced understandings of race and difference, and how these pre‐service teachers negotiated the challenges a critical multicultural education course offered those beliefs. In keeping with the tenet of critical race theory that racism is an inherent and normalized aspect of American society, the author found that through previous life‐experiences, the participants gained hegemonic understandings about race and difference. Participants responded to challenges to these understandings by relying on a set of 'tools of Whiteness' designed to protect and maintain dominant and stereotypical understandings of race – tools that were emotional, ideological, and performative. This phenomenon is typically referred to as resistance in the literature on White teachers and multicultural education. The author contends, however, that these tools are not simply a passive resistance to but much more of an active protection of the incoming hegemonic stories and White supremacy and therefore require analysis to better understand when and how these tools are strategically used. Understanding how these tools of Whiteness protect dominant and stereotypical understandings of race can advise teacher education programs how to better organize to transform the ideologies of White teachers. Keywords: raceracismWhitenessteacher educationstudent teachersWhite supremacytools of Whiteness studieselementary educationCritical Race Theorycritical whiteness
Immobilized endo-.beta.-glucosidase enriches flavor of wine and passion fruit juice (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmobilized endo-.beta.-glucosidase enriches flavor of wine and passion fruit juiceOded Shoseyov, Ben Ami Bravdo, Dan Siegel, Alexander Goldman, Shlomo Cohen, Lisa Shoseyov, and Raphael IkanCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 6, 1387–1390Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00096a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00096a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of Residual Stresses by Thermal Relaxation and Speckle Correlation Interferometry (2002)

ABSTRACT: A new technique for the measurement of residual stresses is presented. The technique is based on strain measurements following thermal stress relaxation. The heat input is supplied by a low power infrared laser and the strain is measured with speckle pattern correlation interferometry. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the technique and an example of how it has been applied in a practical situation.