gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Systems Genetics Approach Identifies CXCL14, ITGAX, and LPCAT2 as Novel Aggressive Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Genes (2014)

Although prostate cancer typically runs an indolent course, a subset of men develop aggressive, fatal forms of this disease. We hypothesize that germline variation modulates susceptibility to aggressive prostate cancer. The goal of this work is to identify susceptibility genes using the C57BL/6-Tg(TRAMP)8247Ng/J (TRAMP) mouse model of neuroendocrine prostate cancer. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping was performed in transgene-positive (TRAMPxNOD/ShiLtJ) F2 intercross males (n = 228), which facilitated identification of 11 loci associated with aggressive disease development. Microarray data derived from 126 (TRAMPxNOD/ShiLtJ) F2 primary tumors were used to prioritize candidate genes within QTLs, with candidate genes deemed as being high priority when possessing both high levels of expression-trait correlation and a proximal expression QTL. This process enabled the identification of 35 aggressive prostate tumorigenesis candidate genes. The role of these genes in aggressive forms of human prostate cancer was investigated using two concurrent approaches. First, logistic regression analysis in two human prostate gene expression datasets revealed that expression levels of five genes (CXCL14, ITGAX, LPCAT2, RNASEH2A, and ZNF322) were positively correlated with aggressive prostate cancer and two genes (CCL19 and HIST1H1A) were protective for aggressive prostate cancer. Higher than average levels of expression of the five genes that were positively correlated with aggressive disease were consistently associated with patient outcome in both human prostate cancer tumor gene expression datasets. Second, three of these five genes (CXCL14, ITGAX, and LPCAT2) harbored polymorphisms associated with aggressive disease development in a human GWAS cohort consisting of 1,172 prostate cancer patients. This study is the first example of using a systems genetics approach to successfully identify novel susceptibility genes for aggressive prostate cancer. Such approaches will facilitate the identification of novel germline factors driving aggressive disease susceptibility and allow for new insights into these deadly forms of prostate cancer.
Digital spectra of nonuniformly sampled signals. II. Digital look-up tunable sinusoidal oscillators (1988)

For Part I see ibid., vol.37, no.2, June 1988. The author presents theories and applications of a digital spectrum analysis technique for a class of nonuniformly sampled signals. The structure of the harmonic components present in a digitally synthesized sine wave is analyzed using a table look-up method. The digital table look-up method offers several desirable features, such as high-frequency stability and precision control of both the frequency and the phase of the generated sine wave. However, undesirable spurious harmonic components are generated when one tries to tune to different frequencies by manipulating the memory-addressing mechanism rather than loading a new waveform sample into the waveform memory, which is generally time-consuming and sometimes infeasible. The frequencies, amplitudes, and phrases of all the spurious harmonic components are derived in closed form.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterisation of bioactive proteins present in Actinidia species (2014)

Kiwifruit consumption is well known to have a positive impact on digestive health. Actinidin and kiwellin, two kiwifruit proteins have been characterised because of their importance in Actazin™ that is produced from kiwifruit to aid digestion. A biophysical characterisation was carried out for both proteins and the catalytic activity of actinidin was measured during the production of Actazin™ to assess if kiwifruit processing was detrimental to the catalytic rate. Actinidin, purified from A. deliciosa cultivar showed that a decrease in enzymatic activity could be from partially inactivated actinidin. Similarly actinidin from Actazin™ became inactivated when the powder was solubilised in buffer. Most of the lost activity could be recovered when a reductant was added and it is hypothesised that the catalytically important cysteine residue was becoming oxidised by a chemical species that was present in the solubilised kiwifruit powder. Freezing, thawing, and storing the processed kiwifruit pulp resulted in the largest drop of total actinidin activity of 46%. Freeze drying the frozen pulp surprisingly did not significantly affect the retention of actinidin despite incurring prolonged heat stress. Further studies that assess the effects that freezing and thawing have on the stability of actinidin is therefore suggested. Kiwellin was characterised using a number of analytical techniques and was shown to be a monomeric protein in solution that had a high melting point. It was suggested that disulfide bonds and salt bridges could be stabilising kiwellin, which was also highly dynamic in solution. Kiwellin did not show the presence of any secondary structures, which is in contrast to previous studies and small angle X-ray scattering revealed that kiwellin had an elongated shape. The dynamic nature of the protein may have implications for the interactions between kiwellin and actinidin, which has been previously shown and this could be related to the physiological function of kiwellin.
Deoptimization for dynamic language JITs on typed, stack-based virtual machines (2014)

We are interested in implementing dynamic language runtimes on top of language-level virtual machines. Type specialization is a critical optimization for dynamic language runtimes: generic code that handles any type of data is replaced with specialized code for particular types observed during execution. However, types can change, and the runtime must recover whenever unexpected types are encountered. The state-of-the-art recovery mechanism is called deoptimization. Deoptimization is a well-known technique for dynamic language runtimes implemented in low-level languages like C. However, no dynamic language runtime implemented on top of a virtual machine such as the Common Language Runtime (CLR) or the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) uses deoptimization, because the implementation thereof used in low-level languages is not possible. In this paper we propose a novel technique that enables deoptimization for dynamic language runtimes implemented on top of typed, stack-based virtual machines. Our technique does not require any changes to the underlying virtual machine. We implement our proposed technique in a JavaScript language implementation, MCJS, running on top of the Mono runtime (CLR). We evaluate our implementation against the current state-of-the-art recovery mechanism for virtual machine-based runtimes, as implemented both in MCJS and in IronJS. We show that deoptimization provides significant performance benefits, even for runtimes running on top of a virtual machine.
Education Policy in Portugal: Changes and Perspectives. (2000)

The Revolution of 25 April 1974 in Portugal put an end to a forty-eight year old dictatorship, opening the country to democracy. The purpose of this article is to describe education reform from the standpoint of a country that experienced a major political transition and had to start from the very beginning to devise an education policy. ...
K/Ka-band coplanar waveguide directional couplers using a three-metal-level MMIC process (1996)

Two novel types of coupled line structures have been realized on GaAs monolithic microwave integrated circuits to obtain 90° couplers operating at a center frequency of 24 GHz. Both of the couplers are made up of either two or three conductive layers to improve the coupling. The aim is to achieve compact couplers with smaller aspect ratios and to decrease the losses due to field crowding on the edges. Both couplers have achieved good matching and coupling. The simulation is carried out on the electromagnetic simulator em (a trademark of Sonnet Software Inc.).
Cloning and characterization of a mouse brain calcitonin receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and mapping of the calcitonin receptor gene (1994)

We have identified and characterized a mouse brain calcitonin receptor (CTR) complementary DNA (cDNA). This cDNA encodes a receptor protein that, after expression, has high affinity binding for salmon calcitonin (Kd approximately, 12.5 nM) and is coupled to adenylate cyclase. The binding affinity of this expressed receptor for salmon calcitonin is lower than that described for the previously cloned porcine renal and human ovarian CTRs, but is similar to that of the recently described rat brain CTR, designated the C1b form of the receptor. Analysis of the deduced structure of the mouse brain CTR reveals that it is highly related to the other CTR cDNAs that belong to a distinct family of G-protein-coupled receptors with seven transmembrane-spanning domains. The major structural feature that distinguishes the mouse cDNA clone from the other CTRs is the presence of a consecutive 111-basepair nucleotide sequence that encodes a 37-amino acid sequence which is predicted to localize to the first extracellular loop between the second and third transmembrane-spanning domains. We have mapped the CTR gene in the mouse to the proximal region of chromosome 6, which is homologous to the 7q region of human chromosome 7; only a single CTR gene was identified. Preliminary analysis of the mouse CTR gene reveals that it is complex, consisting of multiple exons separated by lengthy introns that would allow for splice variants consistent with the existence of multiple CTR isoforms predicted from the CTR cDNA clones. The differential cellular and tissue distribution of these functionally distinct CTR isoforms provides the molecular basis for the previously reported widespread distribution and functional heterogeneity of the CTR.
Kinetic aspects of the bioconversion of <scp>L</scp>‐tyrosine into <scp>L</scp>‐DOPA by cells of <i>Mucuna pruriens</i><scp>L</scp>. Entrapped in different matrices (1989)

Plant cells of Mucuna pruriens L. entrapped In calcium alginate, calcium pectinate, agarose, or gelatine were able to convert L-tyrosine to L-DOPA, which was released Into the medium. Michaelis-Menten kinetics could be applied on the entrapped cells, based on the measurement of initial rates of L-DOPA production. The calculated apparent affinity constants were comparable with the affinity constants obtained with enzyme preparations. Comparison of the apparent maximum rate of bioconversion of the entrapped cells and the maximum rate of bioconversion of a derived cell homogenate indicated that the systems were not operating optimally. Measurement of the effective diffusion coefficients of L-tyrosine pointed out that this substrate could diffuse freely into the matrices. From the initial rates of bioconversion and the effective diffusion coefficients, the observable modulus was calculated for each system. The obtained values confirmed that the diffusional supply rate of L-tyrosine was not the limiting factor. For oxygen, which was utilized for byconversion as well as for cell respiration, the calculated observable moduli was directed toward strong oxygen transfer limitations. The values found for the oxygen consumption indicated that the entrapped cells remained partly or totally viable in the four matrices tested. Based on the highest viability and the highest rates of bioconversion, it was concluded that alginate-entrapped cells of M. pruriens formed the most suitable biocatalytic system for the production of L-DOPA from L-tyrosinre.
STUDIES IN THE CYCLOPROPANE SERIES. IV. (1919)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES IN THE CYCLOPROPANE SERIES. IV.E. P. Kohler and T. L. DavisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1919, 41, 6, 992–1001Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1919Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1919https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02227a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02227a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrical Properties of Hexagonal SiC Doped with N, B or Al (1958)

In previous papers [1, 2] one of us reported on the preparation of pure and doped single crystals of hexagonal SiC by sublimation in a well defined atmosphere at 2400–2500 °C.
Isomeric Di-C-glycosylflavones in Fig (Ficus carica L.) (1985)

Two isomeric C-glycosides of apigenin (apigenin-6-C-glucosyl-8-C-arabinoside (schaftoside), apigenin-6-C-arabinosyl-8-C-glucoside (isoschaftoside)) were isolated from leaves of Ficus carica with preparative HPLC. 1The glycosides were identified by UV-, 1 H-NMR-, 13 C-NMR-spectroscopy and FAB-MS. Their concentration in fruits and leaves were determined by gradient HPLC on reversed phase material.
Functional <i>cis</i> -regulatory genomics for systems biology (2010)

Gene expression is controlled by interactions between trans-regulatory factors and cis-regulatory DNA sequences, and these interactions constitute the essential functional linkages of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). Validation of GRN models requires experimental cis-regulatory tests of predicted linkages to authenticate their identities and proposed functions. However, cis-regulatory analysis is, at present, at a severe bottleneck in genomic system biology because of the demanding experimental methodologies currently in use for discovering cis-regulatory modules (CRMs), in the genome, and for measuring their activities. Here we demonstrate a high-throughput approach to both discovery and quantitative characterization of CRMs. The unique aspect is use of DNA sequence tags to "barcode" CRM expression constructs, which can then be mixed, injected together into sea urchin eggs, and subsequently deconvolved. This method has increased the rate of cis-regulatory analysis by >100-fold compared with conventional one-by-one reporter assays. The utility of the DNA-tag reporters was demonstrated by the rapid discovery of 81 active CRMs from 37 previously unexplored sea urchin genes. We then obtained simultaneous high-resolution temporal characterization of the regulatory activities of more than 80 CRMs. On average 2-3 CRMs were discovered per gene. Comparison of endogenous gene expression profiles with those of the CRMs recovered from each gene showed that, for most cases, at least one CRM is active in each phase of endogenous expression, suggesting that CRM recovery was comprehensive. This approach will qualitatively alter the practice of GRN construction as well as validation, and will impact many additional areas of regulatory system biology.
4 � 10 Gb/s terrestrial optical free space transmission over 12 km using an EDFA preamplifier with 100 GHz channel spacing (2000)

We demonstrate a transmission of 4 x 10 Gb/s WDM channels over 1.2 km of free space in 1.55-microm band. The transmitted beam is coupled into a single-mode fiber through a fiber-pigtailed collimator, which enables the use of standard 100-GHz channel spacing and an optical preamplifier at the receiver. All the received channels have Q values higher than 6.
A randomized trial of coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> in mitochondrial disorders (2010)

Case reports and open-label studies suggest that coenzyme Q(10) (CoQ(10)) treatment may have beneficial effects in mitochondrial disease patients; however, controlled trials are warranted to clinically prove its effectiveness. Thirty patients with mitochondrial cytopathy received 1200 mg/day CoQ(10) for 60 days in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Blood lactate, urinary markers of oxidative stress, body composition, activities of daily living, quality of life, forearm handgrip strength and oxygen desaturation, cycle exercise cardiorespiratory variables, and brain metabolites were measured. CoQ(10) treatment attenuated the rise in lactate after cycle ergometry, increased (∽1.93 ml) VO(2)/kg lean mass after 5 minutes of cycling (P < 0.005), and decreased gray matter choline-containing compounds (P < 0.05). Sixty days of moderate- to high-dose CoQ(10) treatment had minor effects on cycle exercise aerobic capacity and post-exercise lactate but did not affect other clinically relevant variables such as strength or resting lactate.
Effect of three different cultivars of Lepidium meyenii (Maca) on learning and depression in ovariectomized mice (2006)

Black Maca appeared to have more beneficial effects on latent learning in OVX mice; meanwhile, all varieties of Maca showed antidepressant activity.
A compact multi-input thermoelectric energy harvesting system with 58.5% power conversion efficiency and 32.4-mW output power capability (2014)

A multiple-input thermoelectric energy harvesting system implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology is proposed to reduce hardware complexity and achieve time efficiency. By combining inductor-sharing and bidirectional-converter techniques, the harvesting-stage and the regulating-stage circuits can be merged into a single-stage power converter. With the proposed duty cycle based impedance adjustment technique for the maximum power extraction, the proposed multi-input thermoelectric energy harvesting system can ensure optimal power transfer from each thermoelectric energy source without sacrificing power conversion efficiency (PCE) and output power capability. The peak PCE achieves at 58.5%, the maximum end-to-end output power is 2.43 mW, and the maximum output power capability can achieve above 32.4 mW while the storage capacitor is fully charged.
Preparation, characterization and properties of montmorillonite/epoxy compounds (1994)

[In order to utilize the expanding nature of smectite clays in the compensation of shrinkage in epoxy systems, several \epoxyphilic montmorillonites were prepared via ion exchange reactions. These epoxyphilic montmorillonites contain moieties within their structures that can react with either the epoxide resin, curing agent or both. The swelling behavior of aminolauric acid-intercalated montmorillonite (ALA-MMT) was studied under various swelling conditions prior to curing of the epoxy. It was determined that to obtain larger montmorillonite interlayer distances in the cured epoxy, the ALA-MMT should be swollen in the curing agent rather than the epoxide resin. The curing reaction was shown to increase the interlayer spacing of the ALA-MMT more efficiently when swollen in the curing agent rather than the epoxide resin. Based on these results, models for the swelling behavior of ALA-MMT is proposed. The addition of 2-5% epoxyphilic montmorillonite to epoxy was observed to reduce the maximum residual stress by more than 50%. The glass transition temperatures of these clay/epoxy compounds were generally higher than the pure epoxy. The modulus and ultimate strengths of these compounds were as high or higher than pure epoxy. However, due p rimarily to large agglomerations of montmorillonite particles, the ultimate elongation was drastically reduced.]
Border control (2015)

As hardware accelerators proliferate, there is a desire to logically integrate them more tightly with CPUs through interfaces such as shared virtual memory. Although this integration has programmability and performance benefits, it may also have serious security and fault isolation implications, especially when accelerators are designed by third parties. Unchecked, accelerators could make incorrect memory accesses, causing information leaks, data corruption, or crashes not only for processes running on the accelerator, but for the rest of the system as well. Unfortunately, current security solutions are insufficient for providing memory protection from tightly integrated untrusted accelerators.
Carbon Nanotube Transistors: Nanotube Growth, Contact Properties and Novel Devices (2010)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are envisioned to be used as the basic building blocks in future electronics due to their excellent electronic properties such as high mobility, compatibility with high-k dielectrics and small diameters\nresulting in advantageous electrostatics. This thesis is divided into three separate topics related to increasing the fabrication yield and performance of CNT field effect transistors (CNTFETs).\nThe first part describes a method to control the orientation of CNTs during chemical vapour deposition (CVD) using an electric field. Under certain experimental conditions, deformations in the SiO2 substrate are\nformed in the vicinity of the CNTs. An explanation based on field emission\nfrom the growing CNTs and Marangoni convection and capillary waves in the molten SiO2 underneath agrees well with the observed structural changes.\nIn the second part, CNTFETs that employ CNTs as gate electrodes are described. Devices have been fabricated both by combining electric field directed growth with dielectrophoretic deposition and by a technique with two successive CVD steps. The use of a CNT gate gives an improved\ninverse subthreshold slope compared to using a back gate and a gate delay of 5 ps. The measured characteristics agree well with theoretical modeling which also asserts that the gate delay can be lowered to 2 ps by reducing the thickness of the gate dielectric.\nThe final part describes a study of the Schottky barriers between Pd contacts and semiconducting CNTs measured using temperature dependent electrical characterisation. It is found that the barrier heights are close to those expected without Fermi level pinning and inversely proportional to\nCNT diameter.
High-frequency electron drift instability in the cross-field configuration of Hall thrusters (2006)

A systematic study of a high-frequency electron drift instability is presented. It has very large wave numbers corresponding to wavelengths close to the electron gyroradius. The three-dimensional dispersion relation is derived for a model of a crossed electric and magnetic field configuration existing in the Hall thruster. It is shown that the instability develops in packets of oblique unstable modes perpendicular to the magnetic field. The evolution of the instability is also studied for distorted electron distribution functions obtained in particle-in-cell simulations.