gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pd/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-polybutadiene-<i>block</i>-polystyrene Thermoplastic Elastomers (1998)

The Pd catalysts were prepared by impregnating Pd(CH3COO)2 in Al2O3 supports. To investigate the influence of mass transfer on the catalytic performance, the catalysts and the polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene thermoplastic elastomers (SBS rubber) were prepared with average pore size ranging from 150 to 600 Å and molecule weight ranging from 100 000 to 200 000. The test reactions were carried out in a semibatch basket type reactor at 500 psig and temperature ranging from 80 to 180 °C. The experimental results indicated that, among the catalysts of different pore sizes, the catalyst with an average pore diameter of 389 Å presented the highest conversion and selectivity to olefinic microstructures for the SBS rubber of 100 000 in hexane. The superior catalytic performance for the catalyst was regarded as the compromise between pore size and the Pd dispersion of the catalyst; catalyst having a larger pore has lower mass-transfer limitation whereas it also has poorer Pd dispersion. Elevating the reaction temperature promotes the hydrogenation rate but decreases the selectivity to olefinic microstructures. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of the catalyst was greatly influenced by the solvent of SBS. Catalyzed by the same catalyst, after hydrogenation, the SBS in toluene presented better quality than that in cyclohexane.
On a theorem of Azbelev and Caljuk (1969)

The purpose of this note is to give a counterexample to a wellknown theorem of Azbelev and Caljuk [1]. For completeness the appropriate definitions and the theorem in question are quoted from [1]. the equation L [y] = y' +P2 (X)y +pl(X)y' +po(x)y =0 * . Two adjacent zeros of a solution y (of L [y] = 0) will be called (i, k)-adjacent zeros of the solution y if the multiplicity of the first is not less than i and that of the latter not less than k. Let tE [0, oo) be a fixed point. A semiclosed interval [t, b) in which there are no (i, k)-adjacent zeros of solutions * will be called an interval of (i, k),-nonoscillation. The maximum interval of (i, k)tnonoscillation for fixed t is denoted by [t, rik(t)) We will show * * r22(t) = max [r12(t), r2l(t) I. This last statement is the main result of their paper. Consider now the equation
Preparation of Some Estriol Esters. (1963)

Estriol 16-monoacylates were obtained from estriol (I) by refluxing or warming estriol with carboxylic acids. A more drastic condition afforded estriol 16, 17-diacylates. Transesterification gave the same results. The reactions of estriol triacylates and estradiol diacylates with sodium borohydride gave estriol 16, 17-diacylates and estradiol 17-acylates, respectively. 3, 16α-Dihydroxyestra-1, 3, 5 (10)-trien-17-one diacetate (III) was transformed into estriol 16-acetate (IIa) by treatment with sodium borohydride. A milder condition afforded estriol 3, 16-diacetate (VI).
Penthalaris, a novel recombinant five-Kunitz tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) from the salivary gland of the tick vector of Lyme disease, Ixodes scapularis (2004)

Tick saliva is a rich source of molecules with antiinflammatory, antihemostatic and immunosupressive properties. In this paper, a novel tick salivary gland cDNA with sequence homology to tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) and coding for a protein called Penthalaris has been characterized from the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis. Penthalaris is structurally unique and distinct from TFPI or TFPI-like molecules described so far, including Ixolaris, NAPc2, TFPI-1 and TFPI-2. Penthalaris is a 308-amino-acid protein (35 kDa, pI 8.58) with 12 cysteine bridges and 5 tandem Kunitz domains. Recombinant Penthalaris was expressed in insect cells and shown to inhibit factor VIIa (FVIIa)/tissue factor(TF)-induced factor X (FX) activation with an IC50 of approximately 100 pM. Penthalaris tightly binds both zymogen FX and enzyme FXa (exosite), but not FVIIa, as demonstrated by column gel-filtration chromatography. At high concentrations, Penthalaris attenuates FVIIa/TF-induced chromogenic substrate (S2288) hydrolysis and FIX activation. In the presence of DEGR-FX or DEGR-FXa, but not des-Gla-DEGR-FXa as scaf-folds, tight and stoichiometric inhibition of FVIIa/TF was achieved. In addition, Penthalaris blocks cell surface-mediated FXa generation by monomer (de-encrypted), but not dimer (encrypted) TF in HL-60 cells. Penthalaris may act in concert with Ixolaris and other salivary anti-hemostatics in order to help ticks to successfully feed on blood. Penthalaris is a novel anticoagulant and a tool to study FVIIa/TF-initiated biologic processes.
Progress in the Control System of the Undulation Pump Total Artificial Heart (2003)

The undulation pump total artificial heart (UPTAH) is a small implantable total artificial heart. As the UPTAH generates outflow and inflow at the same time, control of the UPTAH is very difficult. Therefore suitable control methods specifically for the UPTAH should be established. Various motor control, left-right flow balance control, and physiological control methods were examined and tried for the UPTAH control in this study. The control system is divided into seven categories. It has a hierarchical structure and all control modes work at the same time. The UPTAH with the newly developed control method has been implanted into the chest cavities of 48 goats. Until now, six goats survived for more than one month, including 63 days in the longest case. The good condition of the UPTAH implanted animal could be maintained with the newly developed control scheme, consisting of the 1/R control and several other additional controls.
Operating Principles, Design Considerations, and Experimental Characteristics of High-Voltage 4H-SiC Bidirectional IGBTs (2016)

Bidirectional power transistors are essential components of several power electronics systems, such as matrix converters. In this paper, we present the operating principles, design considerations, and experimental characteristics of a novel planar gate 4H-SiC bidirectional insulated gate bipolar transistors. The impact of various drift layer and unit cell parameters on blocking, on-state, and switching performance has been evaluated by using numerical simulations, and critical performance tradeoffs have been discussed. Based on the optimized design, devices were fabricated on lightly doped free-standing n-type 4H-SiC wafers. Fabricated devices showed good conductivity modulation, with a forward voltage drop of 9.7 V at 50 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at room temperature, which increased to 11.5 V at 150 °C.
Sulfur and nitrogen co-doped holey graphene aerogel for structurally resilient solid-state supercapacitors under high compressions (2017)

A highly compressible, conductive nitrogen and sulfur co-doped holey graphene aerogel (NS-HGA) is developed for structurally resilient solid-state supercapacitors under high compressions.
Visually improved image compression by combining a conventional wavelet-codec with texture modeling (2002)

Human observers are very sensitive to a loss of image texture in photo-realistic images. For example a portrait image without the fine skin texture appears unnatural. Once the image is decomposed by a wavelet transformation, this texture is represented by many wavelet coefficients of low- and medium-amplitude. The conventional encoding of all these coefficients is very bitrate expensive. Instead, such an unstructured or stochastic texture can be modeled by a noise process and be characterized with very few parameters. Thus, a hybrid scheme can be designed that encodes the structural image information by a conventional wavelet codec and the stochastic texture in a model-based manner. Such a scheme, called WITCH (Wavelet-based Image/Texture Coding Hybrid), is proposed. It implements such an hybrid coding approach, while nevertheless preserving the features of progressive and lossless coding. Its low computational complexity and the parameter coding costs of only 0.01 bpp make it a valuable extension of conventional codecs. A comparison with the JPEG2000 image compression standard showed that the WITCH-scheme achieves the same subjective quality while increasing the compression ratio by more than a factor of two.
Viral clearance is associated with improved insulin resistance in genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C but not genotype 2/3 (2011)

SVR is associated with a reduction in HOMA-IR in patients with HCV genotype 1 but not in those with genotype 2/3. Genotype 1 may have a direct effect on the development of IR, independent of host metabolic factors, and may be partially reversed by viral eradication.
Silicon Detectors for Low Energy Particle Detection (2006)

Silicon detectors with very thin entrance contacts have been fabricated for use in the IMPACT SupraThermal Electron (STE) instrument on the STEREO mission and for the Solid State Telescopes on the THEMIS mission. The silicon diode detectors were fabricated using a 200Å thick phosphorous doped polysilicon layer that formed the thin entrance window. A 200 Å thick aluminum layer was deposited on top of the polysilicon in order to reduce their response to stray light. Energy loss in the entrance contact was about 350 eV for electrons and about 2.3 keV for protons. The highest detector yield was obtained using a process in which the thick polysilicon gettering layer was removed by chemical etching rather than chemical mechanical polishing.
LINEs between Species: Evolutionary Dynamics of LINE-1 Retrotransposons across the Eukaryotic Tree of Life (2016)

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are dynamic elements. They have the potential to cause great genomic change because of their ability to 'jump' around the genome and amplify themselves, resulting in the duplication and rearrangement of regulatory DNA. Active L1, in particular, are often thought of as tightly constrained, homologous and ubiquitous elements with well-characterized domain organization. For the past 30 years, model organisms have been used to define L1s as 6-8 kb sequences containing a 5'-UTR, two open reading frames working harmoniously in cis, and a 3'-UTR with a polyA tail. In this study, we demonstrate the remarkable and overlooked diversity of L1s via a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of elements from over 500 species from widely divergent branches of the tree of life. The rapid and recent growth of L1 elements in mammalian species is juxtaposed against the diverse lineages found in other metazoans and plants. In fact, some of these previously unexplored mammalian species (e.g. snub-nosed monkey, minke whale) exhibit L1 retrotranspositional 'hyperactivity' far surpassing that of human or mouse. In contrast, non-mammalian L1s have become so varied that the current classification system seems to inadequately capture their structural characteristics. Our findings illustrate how both long-term inherited evolutionary patterns and random bursts of activity in individual species can significantly alter genomes, highlighting the importance of L1 dynamics in eukaryotes.
Experimental evidence of photoinduced vortex crossing in current carrying superconducting strips (2015)

We report an experimental investigation that shows how magnetic vortices are generated and cross a current carrying superconducting strip when illuminated by a bright (\ensuremath{\sim}MeV) and fast (500 ps duration) infrared light pulse. The work has been carried out using a strike-and-probe electro-optic technique on a device consisting of a parallel superconducting strip configuration, with wide spacing between the strips to allow the interaction of the photons with a single strip. We find that photons hitting one strip induce a collective current redistribution in the parallel strips, which we can quantitatively account for in the framework of the London model by including the effect of generated and trapped magnetic vortices in the superconducting loops formed by the two adjacent slots. The amount of trapped vorticity and its dependence on increasing current density flowing in the illuminated strip is in good agreement with the photon-assisted unbinding of vortex-antivortex pairs. This work allows us to gain a deeper understanding of the interaction between photons and current carrying superconducting strips.
Comparison between procedures using SDS for shotgun proteomic analyses of complex samples (2011)

Filter-aided sample preparation (FASP) and a new sample preparation method using a modified commercial SDS removal spin column are quantitatively compared in terms of their performance for shotgun proteomic experiments in three complex proteomic samples: a Saccharomyces cerevisiae lysate (insoluble fraction), a Caenorhabditis elegans lysate (soluble fraction), and a human embryonic kidney cell line (HEK293T). The characteristics and total number of peptides and proteins identified are compared between the two procedures. The SDS spin column procedure affords a conservative fourfold improvement in throughput, is more reproducible, less expensive (i.e. requires less materials), and identifies between 30 and 107% more peptides at q≤0.01, than the FASP procedure. The peptides identified by SDS spin column are more hydrophobic than species identified by the FASP procedure as indicated by the distribution of GRAVY scores. Ultimately, these improvements correlate to as great as a 50% increase in protein identifications with two or more peptides.
Animal Studies and the Mechanism of Myopia—Protection by Light? (2016)

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that spending time outdoors during your childhood is protective against the development of myopia. It has been hypothesized that this protective effect is associated with light-induced increases in retinal dopamine levels, a critical neuromodulator that has long been postulated to be involved in the regulation of ocular growth. This paper, along with the paper entitled "What do animal studies tell us about the mechanism of myopia-protection by light?" discusses the evidence provided by animal models for this hypothesis.
Viruses in the RNA World (1996)

Conference Article| February 01 1996 Viruses in the RNA World B. K. Rima B. K. Rima 1Division of Molecular Biology, School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1996) 24 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240001 Article history Received: August 20 1995 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation B. K. Rima; Viruses in the RNA World. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1996; 24 (1): 1–13. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0240001 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: SNURPS, small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, SNORPS, small nucleolar ribonucleoproteins, SCYRPS, small cytoplasmic ribonucleoproteins, SSPE, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, ORF, open reading frame This content is only available as a PDF. © 1996 Biochemical Society1996 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Hydrair® II Truck Suspension (1971)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Air over oil, oleopneumatic suspensions were first introduced into the WABCO off-highway HAULPAK trucks in 1957. The HYDRAIR suspension system was developed to function as a soft spring and shock absorber for off-highway construction vehicles, providing better operator control, increased vehicle life, and reduced shock loads.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will deal with the development of the latest generation of this suspension, which is much simpler in design, has longer life, higher reliability, and still maintains the desirable features contained in the original HYDRAIR suspension.</div>
Antenna radiation pattern influence on UWB ranging accuracy (2010)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) technology has become an attractive choice for high precision indoor localization. Pulse based UWB is found to be suitable for overcoming the signal time-of-arrival (ToA) ambiguities due to multipath. Much work has been done on UWB ToA estimation in general. However, the effect of the radiation patterns of antennas used in localization applications have not been considered. This paper investigates the effect of antenna directivity on the detection of the direct path in a typical indoor scattering environment. It is experimentally shown that the ranging error is reduced by using directional transmit antennas. The results are obtained in a line-of-sight (LOS) propagation environment and are based on the ToA based ranging technique.
Sequence‐specific DNA‐binding proteins which interact with (G + C)‐rich sequences flanking the chicken <i>c‐myc</i> gene (1986)

The interaction of nuclear sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins from definitive chicken erythrocytes, thymus and proliferating transformed erythroid precursor (HD3) cells with the 700-base-pair (700-bp) DNA 5'-flanking region of the chicken c-myc gene was investigated by in vitro footprint analysis. The major HD3 protein-binding activity binds to a site (site V) 200 bp upstream from the 'cap' site but, after further fractionation, a second distinct binding activity is detected to a site (site VIII) which contains both the 'CAAT' and 'SP1-binding' consensus sequences. Protein from thymus and erythrocyte cells which express c-myc at lower levels, bind to seven and eight sites respectively. In common with HD3 cell protein, they both bind to site VIII and, although binding to the sequence at site V is also detected, the footprint protection pattern is sufficiently different (site V') to suggest the involvement of different proteins in terminally differentiated and proliferating cells. The DNA-binding activities were partially fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography gel filtration and include an erythrocyte-specific protein which binds to a c-myc gene poly(dG) homopolymer sequence similar to that found upstream of the chicken beta A-globin gene.
Targeting the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex: A Critical Nexus for Cancer Development (2015)

Elevated protein synthesis is an important feature of many cancer cells and often arises as a consequence of increased signaling flux channeled to eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), the key regulator of the mRNA-ribosome recruitment phase of translation initiation. In many cellular and preclinical models of cancer, eIF4F deregulation results in changes in translational efficiency of specific mRNA classes. Importantly, many of these mRNAs code for proteins that potently regulate critical cellular processes, such as cell growth and proliferation, enhanced cell survival and cell migration that ultimately impinge on several hallmarks of cancer, including increased angiogenesis, deregulated growth control, enhanced cellular survival, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, and metastasis. By being positioned as the molecular nexus downstream of key oncogenic signaling pathways (e.g., Ras, PI3K/AKT/TOR, and MYC), eIF4F serves as a direct link between important steps in cancer development and translation initiation. Identification of mRNAs particularly responsive to elevated eIF4F activity that typifies tumorigenesis underscores the critical role of eIF4F in cancer and raises the exciting possibility of developing new-in-class small molecules targeting translation initiation as antineoplastic agents.
EFFECTS OF COPPER ON <i>BACILLUS SUBTILIS</i> (1963)

Weed, Lawrence L. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio). Effects of copper on Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 85:1003-1010. 1963.-Variants have been isolated from liquid cultures of Bacillus subtilis 168 after exposure to copper. The variations manifested are in terms of loss of capacity to be transformed from tryptophan auxotrophy to prototrophy as shown by variant NTCu, and in terms of colony size and altered base composition of the deoxyribonucleic acid as shown by variant SC-22. In addition to the data on altered morphology and chemical composition of the variants, detailed studies on the reversion of one of the variants to B. subtilis are presented.
Ataxia with loss of Purkinje cells in a mouse model for Refsum disease (2008)

Refsum disease is caused by a deficiency of phytanoyl-CoA hydroxylase (PHYH), the first enzyme of the peroxisomal alpha-oxidation system, resulting in the accumulation of the branched-chain fatty acid phytanic acid. The main clinical symptoms are polyneuropathy, cerebellar ataxia, and retinitis pigmentosa. To study the pathogenesis of Refsum disease, we generated and characterized a Phyh knockout mouse. We studied the pathological effects of phytanic acid accumulation in Phyh(-/-) mice fed a diet supplemented with phytol, the precursor of phytanic acid. Phytanic acid accumulation caused a reduction in body weight, hepatic steatosis, and testicular atrophy with loss of spermatogonia. Phenotype assessment using the SHIRPA protocol and subsequent automated gait analysis using the CatWalk system revealed unsteady gait with strongly reduced paw print area for both fore- and hindpaws and reduced base of support for the hindpaws. Histochemical analyses in the CNS showed astrocytosis and up-regulation of calcium-binding proteins. In addition, a loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum was observed. No demyelination was present in the CNS. Motor nerve conduction velocity measurements revealed a peripheral neuropathy. Our results show that, in the mouse, high phytanic acid levels cause a peripheral neuropathy and ataxia with loss of Purkinje cells. These findings provide important insights in the pathophysiology of Refsum disease.
Microscale sample deposition onto hydrophobic target plates for trace level detection of neuropeptides in brain tissue by MALDI‐MS (2005)

A sample preparation method that combines a modified target plate with a nanoscale reversed-phase column (nanocolumn) was developed for detection of neuropeptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). A gold-coated MALDI plate was modified with an octadecanethiol (ODT) self-assembled monolayer to create a hydrophobic surface that could concentrate peptide samples into a approximately 200-500-microm diameter spot. The spot sizes generated were comparable to those obtained for a substrate patterned with 200-microm hydrophilic spots on a hydrophobic substrate. The sample spots on the ODT-coated plate were 100-fold smaller than those formed on an unmodified gold plate with a 1-microl sample and generated 10 to 50 times higher mass sensitivity for peptide standards by MALDI-TOF MS. When the sample was deposited on an ODT-modified plate from a nanocolumn, the detection limit for peptides was as low as 20 pM for 5-microl samples corresponding to 80 amol deposited. This technique was used to analyze extracts of microwave-fixed tissue from rat brain striatum. Ninety-eight putative peptides were detected including several that had masses matching neuropeptides expected in this brain region such as substance P, rimorphin, and neurotensin. Twenty-three peptides had masses that matched peaks detected by capillary liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization MS.