gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer‐Controlled and Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Uniform and High‐Quality Graphene Films on a Polycrystalline Nickel Catalyst (2012)

Abstract Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) provides a synthesis route for large‐area and high‐quality graphene films. However, layer‐controlled synthesis remains a great challenge on polycrystalline metallic films. Here, a facile and viable synthesis of layer‐controlled and high‐quality graphene films on wafer‐scale Ni surface by the sequentially separated steps of gas carburization, hydrogen exposure, and segregation is developed. The layer numbers of graphene films with large domain sizes are controlled precisely at ambient pressure by modulating the simplified CVD process conditions and hydrogen exposure. The hydrogen exposure assisted with a Ni catalyst plays a critical role in promoting the preferential segregation through removing the carbon layers on the Ni surface and reducing carbon content in the Ni. Excellent electrical and transparent conductive performance, with a room‐temperature mobility of ≈3000 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and a sheet resistance as low as ≈100 Ω per square at ≈90% transmittance, of the twisted few‐layer grapheme films grown on the Ni catalyst is demonstrated.
Prototype of automatic accident detection and management in vehicular environment using VANET and IoT (2017)

The increase in the population of cities and the number of vehicles leads to increase in congestion on roads and accidents. The lack of quick medical service on road accidents is the major cause of death. In such situation, an automatic accident detection can help to save the loss of life. In this paper, a prototype is designed for an automatic accident detection using Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET) and Internet of Things (IoT). The application is able to detect accident and severity of the emergency level with the help of mechanical and medical sensors deployed in the vehicle. In case of emergency, the message is sent to a hospital using VANET, where our central server is able to find out the location of the accident and nearest medical center. It sends a message for an ambulance after detecting basic information. In order to clear the path on the way to accident's location, the client application on the ambulance generates alert messages.
An Interspinous Process Distractor (X STOP) for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis in Elderly Patients (2004)

This new surgical method is effective in elderly LSS patients.
Anti-tumor activity of anthrax toxin variants that form a functional translocation pore by intermolecular complementation (2017)

Anthrax lethal toxin is a typical A-B type protein toxin secreted by <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>. Lethal factor (LF) is the catalytic A-subunit, a metalloprotease having MEKs as targets. LF relies on the cell-binding B-subunit, protective antigen (PA), to gain entry into the cytosol of target cells. PA binds to cell surface toxin receptors and is activated by furin protease to form an LF-binding-competent oligomer-PA pre-pore, which converts to a functional protein-conductive pore in the acidic endocytic vesicles, allowing translocation of LF into the cytosol. During PA pre-pore-to-pore conversion, the intermolecular salt bridge interactions between Lys397 and Asp426 on adjacent PA protomers play a critical role in positioning neighboring luminal Phe427 residues to form the Phe-clamp, an essential element of the PA functional pore. This essential intermolecular interaction affords the opportunity to create pairs of PA variants that depend on intermolecular complementation to form a functional pore. We have previously generated PA variants with furin-cleavage site replaced by substrate sequences of tumor-associated proteases, such as urokinase or MMPs. Here we show that PA-U2-K397Q, a urokinase-activated PA variant with Lys397 residue replaced by glutamine, and PA-L1-D426K, a MMP-activated PA variant with Asp426 changed to lysine, do not form functional pores both <i>in vitro</i> or <i>in vivo</i> unless they are used together. Further, the mixture of PA-U2-K397Q and PA-L1-D426K displayed potent anti-tumor activity in the presence of LF. Thus, PA-U2-K397Q and PA-L1-D426K form a novel intermolecular complementation system with toxin activation relying on the presence of two distinct tumor-associated proteases, i.e., urokinase and MMPs.
Paracrystalline Cell Wall Surface Layers of Different Bacillus stearothermophilus Strains (1984)

We compared the protein and glycoprotein patterns of 39 Bacillus stearothermophilus strains of various origins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The ultrastructures of the cell walls of intact cells were examined by freeze-etching, negative-staining, and thin-sectioning techniques. A total of 30 strains possessed a paracrystalline protein or glycoprotein surface layer (S-layer) which resembled the highest-molecular-weight band(s) on the electrophoretograms. We found a remarkable heterogeneity in the molecular weights of the S-layer subunits and the geometry and constants of the S-layer lattices, even among closely related strains. All of the strains examined were equally susceptible to lysozyme, indicating that the S-layers have pores at least 3.5 nm wide.
Evidence for adenosine triphosphate as an excitatory transmitter in guinea‐pig, rabbit and pig urinary bladder. (1988)

1. The effects of alpha,beta‐methylene ATP (alpha,beta‐MeATP) on membrane properties and excitatory junction potentials (EJPs) were examined in smooth muscle cells of the guinea‐pig, rabbit and pig bladder. 2. Intracellular recording with microelectrodes was used to record membrane electrical activity from the guinea‐pig bladder. ATP (10(‐3) M) produced a rapid, large depolarization with a marked increase in spike frequency, while carbachol (10(‐4) M) or acetylcholine (ACh; 10(‐4) M) produced only a small or no depolarization with a smaller increase in spike frequency. alpha,beta‐MeATP produced a similar response to that of ATP but at a much lower concentration (5 x 10(‐6) M), and the response was transient even in the continuous presence of this agent. 3. Changes in the membrane potential and conductance elicited by alpha,beta‐MeATP were also measured with the double sucrose‐gap method. alpha,beta‐MeATP (5 x 10(‐6) M) depolarized the membrane and increased the membrane conductance in all three species, but both parameters returned to control values during continuous exposure to this agent. 4. Intracellular recording with microelectrodes showed that in the guinea‐pig bladder treatment with alpha,beta‐MeATP abolished the response to ATP, while the response to ACh was unchanged. 5. With the double sucrose‐gap method, EJPs were elicited by transmural nerve stimulation of strips of the guinea‐pig, rabbit and pig bladder and had spikes superimposed, leading to contractions. Desensitization of P2‐purinoceptors by alpha,beta‐MeATP (3‐5 x 10(‐6) M) abolished the EJPs and spikes, and reduced the contraction. Atropine (10(‐6) M) alone did not alter the EJPs but reduced the contraction. Combined application of both agents abolished the contraction. 6. It is concluded that in the guinea‐pig, rabbit and pig bladder ATP is an excitatory transmitter with ACh and EJPs are mediated by ATP.
Bandgap Engineering of ZnO Using Se (2002)

We have grown the compound semiconductor ZnO1—xSex by MBE. A decrease in bandgap energy with increasing Se composition x was observed and a large bowing parameter of 12.7 ± 1.6 eV was measured. This indicates the possibility of bandgap bowing in the ZnO1—xSex compound system and may open up new bandgap control techniques that allow bandgap changes to be made with small lattice mismatch.
Techniques of two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy useful in life science research (2015)

Several illustrative examples are presented in this tutorial review to demonstrate the utility of 2D correlation spectroscopy, especially in life science applications. A set of IR spectra for a model protein system, which is undergoing complex therma
Superparamagnetism of ultrathin Co film on antiferromagnetic Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>layer (2009)

The effect of antiferromagnetic Cr2O3 thin film on the magnetic properties of ultrathin Co film has been investigated. To achieve the investigation, we have also investigated the fabrication of Cr2O3 thin film of high quality using MBE. The crystalline quality of Cr oxide film strongly depends on the in-plane epitaxial variants of Cr(110) before the oxidation. We have successfully fabricated Cr2O3(0001) film by oxidizing three fold-symmetric Cr(110) film. On Cr2O3(0001) thin film, the magnetization of Co is stabilized parallel to the Cr spin direction below the Néel temperature of Cr2O3.
Effect of a natural extract of chicken combs with a high content of hyaluronic acid (Hyal-Joint®) on pain relief and quality of life in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial (2008)

This pilot clinical trial showed that daily supplementation with oral hyaluronic acid from a natural extract of chicken combs (Hyal-Joint) was useful to enhance several markers of quality of life in adults with osteoarthritis of the knee. The results warrant further study in larger sample sizes.
Enclosures of Land and Sovereignty (2010)

This essay cautiously compares the dispossession of Native lands in the United States with the enclosure of the English commons, in light of the transfer of political sovereignty that occurred in the case it explores. The federal policy of dividing American Indian nations' tribal lands into privately owned parcels led to the loss of Native lands and obscured the colonial nature of federal power. Following the implementation of this late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century program, known as allotment, non-Indian people gained ownership of millions of acres of Indian territory. Two neglected shifts accompanied this commonly noted loss of land. First, allotment eroded the sovereignty of Native nations while extending the authority of the colonizing power, the federal government. Second, the program indirectly reinforced a tendency to think that it was race, rather than political difference, that defined Indian people and Indian nations. Placing Native people into the schema of U.S. race relations obscured their status as colonized subjects and members of sovereign nations. Allotment thus simultaneously expanded federal power and veiled its colonial nature.
Synthesis and Properties of Carbazole Main Chain Copolymers with Oxadiazole Pendant toward Bipolar Polymer Host: Tuning the HOMO/LUMO Level and Triplet Energy (2008)

Three new carbazole copolymers, poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-3,6-diyl)s (P1), poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-2, 7-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-3, 6-carbazole-diyl)s (P2), and poly(9-(2,5-diarene-[1,3,4]oxadiazole)-carbazole-alt-9-(2-ethylhexyl)-carbazole-2,7-diyl)s (P3), were synthesized by the Suzuki coupling reaction. The copolymers were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elements analysis, and their molecular weights were estimated using gel permeation chromatography. The TGA and DSC results revealed their good thermal stability with high glass-transition temperatures (Tg) at 211 °C (P1), 194 °C (P2), and 208 °C (P3), respectively. The copolymers exhibited blue emission with significantly improved fluorescence quantum efficiencies compared to their analogous polymers. The triplet energies of P1, P2, and P3 were determined to be 2.52, 2.42, and 2.32 eV, respectively, from their phosphorescent spectra at 77 K. The HOMO/LUMO levels of the carbazole copolymers can be tuned by different coupling positions and substitution at the 9-position of carbazole. P1 by connecting carbazole units via their 3 (6) positions shifts the HOMO/LUMO levels to higher energy compared to P2 via 2 (7) positions, whereas replacing alkyl groups at the 9-position of carbazole with electron-withdrawing diaryl-1,3,4-oxadiazole group shifts the HOMO/LUMO levels to lower energy. Finally, polymer light-emitting diodes employing the P1−3 as host and bis(2,4-diphenylquinolinato-N,C2′)iridium(acetylacetonate) (Ir(ppq)2(acac)) as guest were constructed and characterized electrically.
Graft-versus-Host Disease Is Independent of Innate Signaling Pathways Triggered by Pathogens in Host Hematopoietic Cells (2010)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is initiated by APCs that prime alloreactive donor T cells. In antipathogen responses, Ag-bearing APCs receive signals through pattern-recognition receptors, including TLRs, which induce the expression of costimulatory molecules and production of inflammatory cytokines, which in turn mold the adaptive T cell response. However, in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT), there is no specific pathogen, alloantigen is ubiquitous, and signals that induce APC maturation are undefined. To investigate APC activation in GVHD, we used recipient mice with hematopoietic cells genetically deficient in pathways critical for APC maturation in models in which host APCs are absolutely required. Strikingly, CD8-mediated and CD4-mediated GVHD were similar whether host APCs were wild-type or deficient in MyD88, TRIF, or MyD88 and TRIF, which excludes essential roles for TLRs and IL-1β, the key product of inflammasome activation. Th1 differentiation was if anything augmented when APCs were MyD88/TRIF(-/-), and T cell production of IFN-γ did not require host IL-12. GVHD was also intact when APCs lacked the type I IFNR, which amplifies APC activation pathways that induce type I IFNs. Thus in GVHD, alloreactive T cells can be activated when pathways critical for antipathogen T cell responses are impaired.
Association study of <i>IL10</i> and <i>IL23R–IL12RB2</i> in Iranian patients with Behçet's disease (2012)

These findings independently confirm, extend, and refine the association of BD with IL10 and IL23R-IL12RB2. These associations warrant further validation and investigation in patients with BD, as they may have implications for the development of novel therapies (e.g., immunosuppressive therapy targeted at IL-23p19).
Structure and electrochemical properties of novel mixed Li(Fe1−xMx)SO4F (M = Co, Ni, Mn) phases fabricated by low temperature ionothermal synthesis (2010)

In the current scenario, Li-ion batteries are no longer limited to portable electronic devices, but are rapidly gaining momentum to enter the large-scale hybrid automotive market owing to their adequate energy density coupled with their low cost and safety. LiFePO4 is the front-runner candidate in this sector mainly due to its economic cost and operational safety. Recently, our group has discovered a novel 3.6 V metal fluorosulfate (LiFeSO4F) electrode system, which combines sulfate polyanions with fluorine chemistry to deliver excellent conductivity and electrochemical capacity. In the current study, we extend our effort to investigate the structure and electrochemical properties of 3d-transition metal (M = Co, Ni, Mn) substituted fluorosulfates. Toward this goal, we have adopted ionothermal synthesis to fabricate three families of solid-solution systems, namely Li(Fe1−xCox)SO4F, Li(Fe1−xNix)SO4F and Li(Fe1−xMnx)SO4F at temperatures as low as 300 °C. The structure, thermal stability and electrochemical properties of these mixed sulfate phases along with the end members (LiCoSO4F, LiNiSO4F and LiMnSO4F) have been examined using a suite of characterization techniques. Overall, a 3.6 V Fe2+/3+ redox reaction is observed with no signature of Co2+/3+, Ni2+/3+ or Mn2+/3+ reaction. These metal fluorosulfate systems, delivering near theoretical capacity, stand as an alternative new class of electrodes for varied commercial applications.
The RoadRunner Dynamic Analysis Framework for Concurrent Programs (2010)

RoadRunner is a dynamic analysis framework designed to facilitate rapid prototyping and experimentation with dynamic analyses for concurrent Java programs. It provides a clean API for communicating an event stream to back-end analyses, where each event describes some operation of interest performed by the target program, such as accessing memory, synchronizing on a lock, forking a new thread, and so on. This API enables the developer to focus on the essential algorithmic issues of the dynamic analysis, rather than on orthogonal infrastructure complexities.
Folding of influenza hemagglutinin in the endoplasmic reticulum. (1991)

The folding of influenza hemagglutinin (HA0) in the ER was analyzed in tissue culture cells by following the formation of intrachain disulfides after short (1 min) radioactive pulses. While some disulfide bonds were already formed on the nascent chains, the subunits acquired their final disulfide composition and antigenic epitopes posttranslationally. Two posttranslational folding intermediates were identified. In CHO cells constitutively expressing HA0, mature HA0 subunits were formed with a half time of 3 min and their folding reached completion at 22 min. The rate of folding was highly dependent on cell type and expression system, and thus regulated by factors other than the sequence of the protein alone. Exposure of cells to stress conditions increased the level of glucose regulated proteins, including BiP, and decreased the folding rate. The efficiency of folding and subsequent trimerization was not dependent on the rate of translation, nor on temperature between 37 and 15 degrees C; however, the rates of folding and trimerization decreased with decreasing temperature. Whereas the rate of folding was independent of expression level, trimerization was accelerated at higher levels of expression.
Bone Morphogenic Protein-7 Inhibits Monocyte-Stimulated TGF-β1 Generation in Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2004)

It has been demonstrated that bone morphogenic protein-7 (BMP-7) stimulates formation of hyaluronan (HA)-based cables on the cell surface of renal proximal tubular cells and that these cables mediate monocyte binding. Furthermore, interaction of monocytes with proximal tubule cell (PTC) surface intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) stimulates the synthesis of TGF-beta1. This study examined the effect of BMP-7 on monocyte-stimulated TGF-beta1 synthesis under conditions of basal and stimulated ICAM expression. Monocyte (U937 cells)-dependent stimulation of TGF-beta1 promoter activity and protein synthesis was reduced by addition of BMP-7 for 24 h before addition of U937 cells. Removal of cell surface HA or inhibition of monocyte interaction with HA using antibody to CD44 prevented this effect of BMP-7. These data suggest that BMP-7 enhances HA-dependent binding and reduces ICAM-dependent binding, which is known to stimulate TGF-beta1 synthesis. This hypothesis was examined further by stimulation of PTC ICAM expression by TNF-alpha. After TNF-alpha stimulation, monocyte-dependent TGF-beta1 synthesis increased. This was abrogated by inhibition of ICAM-CD18 interactions. TNF-alpha stimulation alone did not increase TGF-beta1 synthesis. TNF-alpha stimulation of PTC in the presence of BMP-7 failed to increase monocyte-dependent TGF-beta1 stimulation. Although stimulation of PTC by BMP-7 alone decreased cell surface ICAM expression, it did not affect TNF-alpha-induced ICAM expression. The effect of BMP-7 on TGF-beta1 synthesis in TNF-alpha-stimulated cells was abrogated by disruption of CD44-HA interactions, suggesting that it was due to increased monocyte binding to HA on the cell surface.
Rayleigh–Mie Doppler wind lidar for atmospheric measurements I Instrumental setup, validation, and first climatological results (1999)

Since 1989 Service d'Aéronomie du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique has used an incoherent Doppler lidar technique for wind measurements in the atmosphere. A new-generation Rayleigh-Mie Doppler lidar has been designed and is currently operated at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (France). We give a detailed description of this instrument and highlight two important upgrades leading to quasi-simultaneous and absolute measurements of the wind from approximately 8 to 50 km altitude. The possible sources of error are identified and quantified in terms of accuracy in the wind determination. Experimental results are given in detail, and a validation of the measurements is performed with the help of ancillary data. A first climatological description of the mean wind is briefly reported.
Data Mining Techniques in Fraud Detection (2008)

The paper presents application of data mining techniques to fraud analysis. We present some classification and prediction data mining techniques which we consider important to handle fraud detection. There exist a number of data mining algorithms and we present statistics-based algorithm, decision treebased algorithm and rule-based algorithm. We present Bayesian classification model to detect fraud in automobile insurance. Naïve Bayesian visualization is selected to analyze and interpret the classifier predictions. We illustrate how ROC curves can be deployed for model assessment in order to provide a more intuitive analysis of the models.
Peptide anchoring spore coat assembly to the outer forespore membrane in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (2006)

Spore formation in Bacillus subtilis involves the formation of a thick, proteinaceous shell or coat that is assembled around a specialized membrane known as the outer forespore membrane. Here we present evidence that the assembling coat is tethered to the outer forespore membrane by a 26-amino-acid peptide called SpoVM, which is believed to form an amphipathic helix. We show that proper localization of SpoVM is dependent on SpolVA, a morphogenetic protein that forms the basement layer of the spore coat, and conversely, that proper localization of SpoIVA is dependent on SpoVM. Genetic, biochemical and cytological evidence indicates that this mutual dependence is mediated in part by contact between an amino acid side-chain located near the extreme C-terminus of SpoIVA and an amino acid side-chain on the hydrophilic face of the SpoVM helix. Evidence is also presented that SpoVM adheres to the outer forespore membrane via hydrophobic, amino acid side-chains on the hydrophobic face of the helix. The results suggest that the SpoVM helix is oriented parallel to the membrane with the hydrophobic face buried in the lipid bilayer.
Isoelectric Point of Fluorite by Direct Force Measurements Using Atomic Force Microscopy (2006)

Interaction forces between a fluorite (CaF2) surface and colloidal silica were measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in 1 x 10(-3) M NaNO3 at different pH values. Forces between the silica colloid and fluorite flat were measured at a range of pH values above the isoelectric point (IEP) of silica so that the forces were mainly controlled by the fluorite surface charge. In this way, the IEP of the fluorite surface was deduced from AFM force curves at pH approximately 9.2. Experimental force versus separation distance curves were in good agreement with theoretical predictions based on long-range electrostatic interactions, allowing the potential of the fluorite surface to be estimated from the experimental force curves. AFM-deduced surface potentials were generally lower than the published zeta potentials obtained from electrokinetic methods for powdered samples. Differences in methodology, orientation of the fluorite, surface carbonation, and equilibration time all could have contributed to this difference.