gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization-delocalization transition in the dynamics of dipolar-coupled nuclear spins (2015)

Nonequilibrium dynamics of many-body systems are important in many scientific fields. Here, we report the experimental observation of a phase transition of the quantum coherent dynamics of a three-dimensional many-spin system with dipolar interactions. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on a solid-state system of spins at room-temperature, we quench the interaction Hamiltonian to drive the evolution of the system. Depending on the quench strength, we then observe either localized or extended dynamics of the system coherence. We extract the critical exponents for the localized cluster size of correlated spins and diffusion coefficient around the phase transition separating the localized from the delocalized dynamical regime. These results show that NMR techniques are well suited to studying the nonequilibrium dynamics of complex many-body systems.
Galanin and NPY, Two Peptides with Multiple Putative Roles in the Nervous System (1999)

In the present brief overview we summarize results from several studies focusing on two neuropeptides, galanin and neuropeptide Y (NPY) in discrete neuronal systems, where they coexist with classic transmitters. On the basis of studies in different animal models we propose that these peptides may be involved in regulation of certain CNS functions and that drugs acting on their receptors may be of use in new therapeutic strategies. At the spinal level galanin and NPY are regulated in DRG neurons by nerve injury and in dorsal horn neurons by inflammation. It is possible that this leads to attenuation of pain sensitivity. Moreover, both peptides may exert trophic effects, for example to enhance regeneration. In the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus NPY and its receptors are part of the feeding circuitry, and we suggest that derangement of these NPY neurons may at least in part underlay the lethal phenotype of anorectic mice, which die 22 days postnatally after showing decreased food intake and growth retardation. Expression of NPY and NPY receptors is changed in the hippocampus of mice comparatively early after prion inoculation, indicating that this peptide system is affected in this spongiform degenerative disease in a region of importance for learning and memory. Finally, galanin is co-localized with classic monoamine transmitters in two central systems, the dorsal raphe serotonin neurons and the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons. In both cases galanin causes hyperpolarization (at high concentrations) and prolongs monoamine-induced outward currents (at low concentrations), thus modulating activity in two systems of importance for many brain functions including mood regulation. It may therefore be interesting to analyse to what extent drugs affecting galaninergic transmission also may be efficient in the treatment of, for example, depression.
Nagmia rodmani n. sp., Nagmia cisloi n. sp., and Probolitrema richiardii (López, 1888) (Gorgoderidae: Anaporrhutinae) from Elasmobranchs in the Gulf of California, Mexico (2009)

The generic diagnosis of Nagmia Nagaty, 1930, is emended to include species having some vitelline follicles extending into the extracecal space. Two new species belonging in the genus are described from the Gulf of California: Nagmia rodmani n. sp. from the body cavity of the giant electric ray, Narcine entemedor Jordan and Starks, 1895, and Nagmia cisloi n. sp. from the body cavity of the smoothtail mobula, Mobula thurstoni (Lloyd, 1908). Both species are distinguished from each other and the 13 other known congeners by the number of testicular follicles, ratio of widths of oral sucker to ventral sucker, and position of the vitelline follicles relative to the ceca. Nagmia rodmani is distinct based on the combined features: 12–17 follicles per testis, sucker width ratio of 1:1.7–2.0, vitelline follicles extending into the extracecal space, and the excretory vesicle being I-shaped and lacking perpendicular lateral branches along the main stem. Nagmia cisloi is distinct based on the combined features: 23–26 follicles per testis, body measuring 13.4 mm long by 14.6 mm wide, eggs measuring 47–48 μm long by 43–47 μm wide, and the excretory vesicle is I-shaped and has lateral perpendicular branches along the main stem. Supplemental data are provided for the anaporrhutine species Probolitrema richiardii (López, 1888) collected from a variety of rays in the Gulf of California. Our specimens are indistinguishable from those described as Probolitrema californiense Stunkard, 1935, and Probolitrema mexicana Markell (1956), both of which previously had been synonymized under P. richiardii. Checklists of parasites reported from N. entemedor and M. thurstoni are provided.
Human erythrocytes bind and inactivate type 5 adenovirus by presenting Coxsackie virus-adenovirus receptor and complement receptor 1 (2009)

Type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) is a human pathogen that has been widely developed for therapeutic uses, with only limited success to date. We report here the novel finding that human erythrocytes present Coxsackie virus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) providing an Ad5 sequestration mechanism that protects against systemic infection. Interestingly, erythrocytes from neither mice nor rhesus macaques present CAR. Excess Ad5 fiber protein or anti-CAR antibody inhibits the binding of Ad5 to human erythrocytes and cryo-electron microscopy shows attachment via the fiber protein of Ad5, leading to close juxtaposition with the erythrocyte membrane. Human, but not murine, erythrocytes also present complement receptor (CR1), which binds Ad5 in the presence of antibodies and complement. Transplantation of human erythrocytes into nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice extends blood circulation of intravenous Ad5 but decreases its extravasation into human xenograft tumors. Ad5 also shows extended circulation in transgenic mice presenting CAR on their erythrocytes, although it clears rapidly in transgenic mice presenting erythrocyte CR1. Hepatic infection is inhibited in both transgenic models. Erythrocytes may therefore restrict Ad5 infection (natural and therapeutic) in humans, independent of antibody status, presenting a formidable challenge to Ad5 therapeutics. "Stealthing" of Ad5 using hydrophilic polymers may enable circumvention of these natural virus traps.
Engineered allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells repair femoral segmental defect in rats (2002)

Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been shown to be progenitor cells for mesenchymal tissues. These cells may also provide a potential therapy for bone repair. Our previous studies showed that MSC engineered with the gene for bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), a growth factor for bone cells, were capable of differentiating into osteoblast lineage and inducing autologous bone formation in several animal models. Culturing individual MSC for autologous implantation, however, remains problematic. The number of human MSC with osteogenic potential decreases with age, and, in certain diseases, the patient's marrow may be damaged or the healthy cells reduced in number. In this study, we used rats with a femoral segmental defect to investigate whether allogeneic BMP-2 engineered MSC would facilitate bone healing. We show that BMP-2 engineered allogeneic MSC can repair critical bone defects to the same degree as rats treated with BMP-2 engineered autologous MSC, if the allogeneic group receives short-term treatment with immunosuppressant FK506. We also show that allogeneic gene transferred MSC are directly involved in bone repair, in addition to acting as gene deliverers.
Estradiol Biosynthesis in Canine Lens Epithelial Cells (2014)

Normal and cataractous LEC can synthesize estradiol by the sulfatase pathway; however, cataractous LEC appear to use the aromatase pathway as well. Because no differences in aqueous humor estradiol levels were detected, we suspect that estradiol synthesized by the sulfatase pathway is secreted into the aqueous humor; whereas, estradiol synthesized by the aromatase pathway is used for, as yet unknown, intracrine purposes.
Usability Testing of Mobile Applications (2017)

The paper targets on usability testing comparison of two different models used in mobile applications' development. We first present the most popular models used in mobile applications' development. We compare two of them, i.e., the web applications' and the hybrid applications' model, respectively based on qualitative and quantitative usability evaluation criteria. Finally, we present and evaluate the corresponding experimental corresponding results.
Vegetable oils: a new alternative (1982)

This paper relates: (1) the use and production of methyl ester of vegetable oil, M.E.V.O., as fuel in diesel engines and the effect of the catalyst proportion, alcohol and vegetable oil V.O. on the transesterification process; (2) simple control methods during industrial preparation and the behavior of V.O. and M.E.V.O. on accelerated oxidation test to determine the maximum contration of V.O. in M.E.V.O. that do not cause problems on the injectors; and (3) the behavior of M.E.V.O. and V.O. on parafinic and naphtenic lubricants, with high T.B.N. and without organo-metallic compounds, using antioxidants as B.H.T. to reduce the oxidation effect. 9 figures, 7 tables.
Low-Power Approaches to High-Speed Current-Steering Digital-to-Analog Converters in 0.18-$\mu$m CMOS (2007)

This paper will discuss a number of circuit approaches which lower the power consumed by a current steering digital-to-analog converter while maintaining both DC and AC performance levels. An example design provides 14-bit resolution and 200 MSPS conversion rate in a one-poly four-metal (1P4M) 0.18-mum CMOS process. The inclusion of optional 3.3-V compatible devices allows operation over a supply range from 1.7 to 3.6 V. A power dissipation/conversion rate figure of merit of as low as 0.17 mW/MSPS was achieved for 1.8-V operation and as low as 0.28 mW/MSPS at 3.3 V. A measured single-tone SFDR of 70 dB is achieved at a 50-MHz output frequency, with a two-tone IMD of -75 dBc at 71 MHz output.
226. Studies in the azole series. Part XII. Some thiazolopyrimidines (1949)

A. H. Cook, I. Heilbron, S. F. Macdonald and A. P. Mahadevan, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 1064 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490001064
Hierarchical pattern mapping (2002)

We present a multi-scale algorithm for mapping a texture defined by an input image onto an arbitrary surface. It avoids the generation and storage of a new, specific texture. The idea is to progressively cover the surface by texture patches of various sizes and shapes, selected from a single input image. The process starts with large patches. A mapping that minimizes the texture fitting error with already textured neighbouring patches is selected. When this error is above a threshold, the patch is split into smaller ones, and the algorithm recursively looks for good fits at a smaller scale. The process ends when the surface is entirely covered. Our results show that the method correctly handles a wide set of texture patterns, which can be used at different mapping scales. Hierarchical texture mapping only outputs texture coordinates in the original texture for each triangle of the initial mesh. Rendering is therefore easy and memory cost minimal. Moreover the initial geometry is preserved.
Visibility-based prefetching for interactive out-of-core rendering (2004)

We present a new visibility-based prefetching algorithm for interactive out-of-core rendering of large models on an inexpensive PC. Using an approximate visibility technique, we can very accurately and efficiently determine which geometry will be visible in the near future and prefetch that geometry from disk before it must be rendered. Our prefetching algorithm is a key part of a visualization system capable of rendering a 13-million triangle model with 99% accuracy at interactive frame rates. Our prefetching algorithm is the first of its kind to be based on a from-point visibility technique, and enables interactive rendering on a commodity PC, as opposed to expensive high-end graphics workstations or parallel machines.
Mechanistic analysis of ammonium cation stability for alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (2014)

Stability of a variety of quaternary ammonium groups was systematically studied for development of robust alkaline exchange membranes for fuel cells.
Genomic and Expression Profiling of Human Spermatocytic Seminomas: Primary Spermatocyte as Tumorigenic Precursor and <i>DMRT1</i> as Candidate Chromosome 9 Gene (2006)

Spermatocytic seminomas are solid tumors found solely in the testis of predominantly elderly individuals. We investigated these tumors using a genome-wide analysis for structural and numerical chromosomal changes through conventional karyotyping, spectral karyotyping, and array comparative genomic hybridization using a 32 K genomic tiling-path resolution BAC platform (confirmed by in situ hybridization). Our panel of five spermatocytic seminomas showed a specific pattern of chromosomal imbalances, mainly numerical in nature (range, 3-24 per tumor). Gain of chromosome 9 was the only consistent anomaly, which in one case also involved amplification of the 9p21.3-pter region. Parallel chromosome level expression profiling as well as microarray expression analyses (Affymetrix U133 plus 2.0) was also done. Unsupervised cluster analysis showed that a profile containing transcriptional data on 373 genes (difference of > or = 3.0-fold) is suitable for distinguishing these tumors from seminomas/dysgerminomas. The diagnostic markers SSX2-4 and POU5F1 (OCT3/OCT4), previously identified by us, were among the top discriminatory genes, thereby validating the experimental set-up. In addition, novel discriminatory markers suitable for diagnostic purposes were identified, including Deleted in Azospermia (DAZ). Although the seminomas/dysgerminomas were characterized by expression of stem cell-specific genes (e.g., POU5F1, PROM1/CD133, and ZFP42), spermatocytic seminomas expressed multiple cancer testis antigens, including TSP50 and CTCFL (BORIS), as well as genes known to be expressed specifically during prophase meiosis I (TCFL5, CLGN, and LDHc). This is consistent with different cells of origin, the primordial germ cell and primary spermatocyte, respectively. Based on the region of amplification defined on 9p and the associated expression plus confirmatory immunohistochemistry, DMRT1 (a male-specific transcriptional regulator) was identified as a likely candidate gene for involvement in the development of spermatocytic seminomas.
Performance study of a concurrent multithreaded processor (2002)

The performance of a concurrent multithreaded architectural model, called superthreading, is studied in this paper. It tries to integrate optimizing compilation techniques and run-time hardware support to exploit both thread-level and instruction-level parallelism, as opposed to exploiting only instruction-level parallelism in existing superscalars. The superthreaded architecture uses a thread pipelining execution model to enhance the overlapping between, threads, and to facilitate data dependence enforcement between threads through compiler-directed, hardware-supported, thread-level control speculation and run-time data dependence checking. We also evaluate the performance of the superthreaded processor through a detailed trace-driven simulator. Our results show that the superthreaded execution model can obtain good performance by exploiting both thread-level and instruction-level parallelism in programs. We also study the design parameters of its main system components, such as the size of the memory buffer, the bandwidth requirement of the communication links between thread processing units, and the bandwidth requirement of the shared data cache.
Energy-efficient coverage for target detection in wireless sensor networks (2007)

In this paper we consider the coverage problem for target detection applications in wireless sensor networks. Unlike conventional coverage problems which assume sensing regions are disks around sensors, we define the sensing region according to detection constraints in terms of false alarm probability and missing probability. We show that exploiting cooperation between sensors can extend the overall sensing region while maintain the same constraints on false alarm probability and missing probability. We then propose an energy efficient cooperative detection scheme and study the trade-offs on energy consumption between cooperative and non-cooperative schemes. The cooperative scheme can use half the number of sensors to monitor the whole fleld compared to disk model in networks deployed on grids. We also study the communication overheads incurred by the co-operative scheme, and show that only cooperation between limited number of nearby sensors is profitable in terms of energy consumption. In our simulations on randomly deployed networks, cooperation reduces the number of sensors to cover the area by 30% and nearly doubles the number of disjoint sensor sets where each can fully cover the area. Appropriately trading off energy consumption with coverage extension, our cooperative detection scheme can increase the network lifetime by nearly 70%.
The responses of wild‐type and ABA mutant <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> plants to phosphorus starvation (1997)

ABSTRACT The growth patterns of plants subjected to phosphorus starvation resemble those caused by treatment with ABA, suggesting that ABA could mediate the response of the plant to phosphorus starvation. We examined the role of ABA in phosphorus stress by comparing growth and biochemical responses of Arabidopsis thaliana ABA mutants aba‐1 and abi2‐1 to those of wild‐type plants. We first characterized acid phosphatase production of wild‐type Arabidopsis in response to phosphorus starvation. We found that several acid phosphatase isozymes are present in roots and shoots, but only a subset of these isozymes are induced by phosphorus stress, and they are induced in both organs. Production of acid phosphatase in response to phosphorus stress was not affected by the aba‐1 or abi2‐1 mutations. Low phosphorus also resulted in decreased growth of both wild‐type and ABA mutant plants, and the root‐to‐shoot ratio was increased in both wild type and mutants. Anthocyanins accumulated in response to phosphorus stress in both wild‐type and mutant plants, but the increase was reduced in the aba‐1 mutant. Thus, two different ABA mutants responded normally in most respects to phosphorus stress. Our data do not support a major role for ABA in coordinating the phosphorus‐stress response.
Graphoepitaxy of block copolymers using selectively removable templates (2010)

In this article the authors present a graphoepitaxy process of ordering block copolymer domains using removable templates, and analyze the spatial correlation between the template and the microdomain locations. Removable polymeric templates can guide the self-assembly of block copolymers in the same manner as the widely used inorganic templates, such as silica, but the ability to remove them provides new options for the fabrication process and for the final pattern that is formed after etch or lift-off processing. The use of removable templates was demonstrated by fabricating well-ordered freestanding arrays of silica and tungsten posts by transferring only the template block copolymer pattern into underlying films. Errors in the domain placement had a standard deviation between 1.9 and 2.3 nm from an ideal 28.6 nm peiod pattern.
Coinfection of Caligus lalandei and Benedenia seriolae on the yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi farmed in a net cage in northern Chile (2017)

The yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi is one of the most important fish candidates for the diversification of aquaculture in Chile.Fish farmed experimentally in one floating cage on a site located in Northern Chile, between November 2013 and December 2015, were first detected with the sea lice Caligus lalandei from April 2014.The highest prevalence (100%) was reached in July 2014 and the highest abundance in June 2014 (4.3 lice/fish).The monogenean Benedenia seriolae was also recorded in the same stock of fish from July 2014, reaching the highest abundance of 30.8 parasite/fish and a prevalence of 100% in January 2015.When the abundance of B. seriolae increased, C. lalandei abundance decreased until it disappeared in January 2015, which could be attributed to the increase of the seawater temperature in the period of study.This is the first report of C. lalandei infecting S. lalandi reared in net cage in Chile.
76–81-GHz CMOS Transmitter With a Phase-Locked-Loop-Based Multichirp Modulator for Automotive Radar (2015)

This paper presents the design of a linear frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar transmitter (TX) for automotive radar applications. The TX has a wide operating range from 76 to 81 GHz by employing a frequency-doubling architecture using an LC voltage-controlled oscillator operating at 38-40.5 GHz and a differential frequency doubler using a single transformer. A chirp generator is integrated into the TX, which provides various frequency chirp profiles with programmable chirp slope and sweep duration. The proposed CMOS FMCW TX can be applied to various modulation algorithms for multiple target detection and the avoidance of ghost targets. The TX is implemented using 65-nm CMOS technology. The chip size is 1.48 × 1.85 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The measurement results shows a 76-81-GHz frequency range and 3-dBm output power while dissipating 320 mW. The phase-noise density of the TX is -83.33 dBm/Hz at an offset frequency of 1 MHz when the output frequency is 77 GHz.
Un diálogo antisocrático: enseñanza y lenguaje metafórico en los escritos inéditos de Emmanuel Levinas (2015)

This study tries to show how Levinas’ unpublished writings broach the question of linguistic expression understood as openness to the transcendence represented by the alterity of the Other. We focus in particular on Levinas’ theories on teaching and the nature of metaphorical Saying, since both phenomena reflect privileged forms of exteriority.
Reduced Vitamin K Status as A Potentially Modifiable Prognostic Risk Factor in COVID-19 (2020)

Introduction: Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. The majority of patients have at most mild symptoms, however, a significant proportion develops respiratory failure. COVID-19 may also progress beyond the lungs. Coagulopathy and thromboembolism are prevalent in severe COVID-19 and relate to decreased survival. Coagulation is an intricate balance between clot promoting and dissolving processes in which vitamin K plays a well-known role. We hypothesized that vitamin K status is reduced in patients with severe COVID-19. Methods: Vitamin K status was assessed by measuring desphospho-uncarboxylated matrix Gla protein (dp-ucMGP; inversely related to vitamin K status) and the rate of elastin degradation by measuring desmosine. We included 123 patients who were admitted with COVID-19 and 184 controls. Results: Dp-ucMGP levels were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients (1,673&Aring;}1,584 pmol/L) compared to controls (536&plusmn;291 pmol/L; p&lt;0.0005). Dp-ucMGP levels were significantly higher in COVID-19 patients with unfavorable outcome compared to those with less severe disease. Furthermore, dp-ucMGP and desmosine levels were significantly associated (r=0.65; p&lt;0.0005). Conclusions: Vitamin K status was reduced in patients with COVID-19 and related to poor prognosis. Also, low vitamin K status seems to be associated with accelerated elastin degradation. An intervention trial is now needed to assess whether vitamin K administration improves outcome in patients with COVID-19.