gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mega-pixel PQR laser chips for interconnect, display ITS, and biocell-tweezers OEIC (2008)

We describe a photonic quantum ring (PQR) laser device of three dimensional toroidal whispering gallery cavity. We have succeeded in fabricating the first genuine mega-pixel laser chips via regular semiconductor technology. This has been realized since the present injection laser emitting surface-normal dominant 3D whispering gallery modes (WGMs) can be operated CW with extremely low operating currents (μA-nA per pixel), together with the lasing temperature stabilities well above 140 deg C with minimal redshifts, which solves the well-known integration problems facing the conventional VCSEL. Such properties unusual for quantum well lasers become usual because the active region, involving vertically confining DBR structure in addition to the 2D concave WGM geometry, induces a 'photonic quantum ring (PQR)-like' carrier distribution through a photonic quantum corral effect. A few applications of such mega-pixel PQR chips are explained as follows: (A) Next-generation 3D semiconductor technologies demand a strategy on the inter-chip and intra-chip optical interconnect schemes with a key to the high-density emitter array. (B) Due to mounting traffic problems and fatalities ITS technology today is looking for a revolutionary change in the technology. We will thus outline how 'SLEEP-ITS' can emerge with the PQR's position-sensing capability. (C) We describe a recent PQR 'hole' laser of convex WGM: Mega-pixel PQR 'hole' laser chips are even easier to fabricate than PQR 'mesa' lasers. Genuine Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beam patterns of PQR holes are very promising for biocell manipulations like sorting mouse myeloid leukemia (M1s) cells. (D) Energy saving and 3D speckle-free POR laser can outdo LEDs in view of red GaAs and blue GaN devices fabricated recently.
Intelligent Highway Traffic Surveillance With Self-Diagnosis Abilities (2011)

In this paper, we propose a self-diagnosing intelligent highway surveillance system and design effective solutions for both daytime and nighttime traffic surveillance. For daytime surveillance, vehicles are detected via background modeling. For nighttime videos, headlights of vehicles need to be located and paired for vehicle detection. An algorithm based on likelihood computation is developed to pair the headlights of vehicles at night. Moreover, to balance between the robustness and abundance of acquired information, the proposed system adapts different strategies under different traffic conditions. Performing tracking would be preferred when traffic is smooth. However, under congestion conditions, it is better to obtain traffic parameters by estimation. We utilize a time-varying adaptive system state transition matrix in Kalman filter for better prediction in a traffic surveillance scene when performing tracking. We also propose a mechanism for estimating the traffic flow parameter via regression analysis. The experimental results have shown that the self-diagnosis ability and the modules designed for the system make the proposed system robust and reliable.
Internal Jugular Vein Cannulation with Two Silicone Rubber Catheters: A New and Safe Temporary Vascular Access for Hemodialysis. Thirty Months' Experience (1986)

Temporary and immediately usable vascular access is a vital need in treating uremic patients. Subclavian vein cannulation, although a major progress, has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Accordingly, for the last 2.5 years the authors have been developing an alternative technique consisting of internal jugular vein cannulation (IJVC) with two silicone rubber catheters with a long-term, proved biocompatibility. One hundred sixty-five pairs of cannulas were inserted in 153 patients. Mean duration of use was 57 days (1 day to 17 months). More than 3,000 high-performance hemodialysis sessions were performed. IJVC handling and care were easily managed by nurses. A low incidence of complications was observed: two thrombosis episodes, four skin infections with three septicemia, one air embolism, and one anaphylactoid reaction. No death was related to the technique itself. IJVC offers a new, safe, and reliable temporary vascular access immediately usable for all kinds of extracorporeal treatment.
Investigation Relational Levels of Intensity between Paternalistic and Servant Leadership Styles and National Culture, Organizational Commitment and Subordinate Responses or Reactions to the Leaders Style (2015)

Leadership is a kind of behavior style thatshows priority related to task and duty or people and human realize the objective The aim of this study is to examine how the level of relations among the paternalistic and servant leadership styles over traditional national culture (TNC), organizational commitment (OC) and subordinate response (SR) and how strong the level of relations between these two leadership style in terms of the reactions of SR, the impact of the TNC and OC in Turkey or visa versa. We will seek to explore the ongoing discussion on servant and paternalistic leadership that affect differently on the dimension ofTNC, OC and SR. There are important relations between them. To be more meaningful we can rank these relations in itself from the strongest or intensive to the weakest relations. The strongest relations are between the subordinate response and the servant leadership; between the traditional national cultural reflection on the leadership and organizational commitment; between the organizational commitment and the subordinate response; between the servant leadership style and the paternalistic leadership style. The weakest relations are between the traditionsl national culture and paternalistic leadership, servant leadership and subordinate response; between the servant leadership and the organizatioanal commitment.
Sugar Metabolism in Germinating Soybean Seeds (1990)

Characterization of sugar content and enzyme activity in germinating soybean (Glycine max L. Merrell) seeds led to the discovery of sorbitol accumulating in the axes during germination. The identity of sorbitol was confirmed by relative retention times on high-performance liquid chromatography and gas liquid chromatography and by mass spectra identical with authentic sorbitol. Accumulation of sorbitol in the axes started on day 1 of germination as sucrose decreased and glucose and fructose increased. Sucrose also decreased in the cotyledons, but there was no accumulation of sorbitol, glucose, or fructose. Accumulation of sorbitol and hexoses was highly correlated with increased invertase activity in the axes, but not with sucrose synthase and sucrose phosphate synthase activities. Sucrose synthase activity was relatively high in the axes, whereas the activity of sucrose phosphate synthase was relatively high in the cotyledons. Ketose reductase and aldose reductase were detected in germinating soybean axes, but not in cotyledons. Fructokinase and glucokinase were present in both axes and cotyledons. The data suggest a sorbitol pathway functioning in germinating soybean axes, which allows for the interconversion of glucose and fructose with sorbitol as an intermediate.
<title>Six-Dimensional Vision System</title> (1982)

There are six degrees of freedom that define the position and orientation of any object relative to a robot gripper. All six need to be determined for the robot to grasp the object in a uniquely specified manner. A robot vision system under development at the National Bureau of Standards is designed to measure all six of these degrees of freedom using two frames of video data taken sequentially from the same camera position. The system employs structured light techniques; in the first frame, the scene is illuminated by two parallel planes of light, and in the second frame by a point source of light.
Superconductor digital electronics: Scalability and energy efficiency issues (Review Article) (2016)

Superconductor digital electronics using Josephson junctions as ultrafast switches and magnetic-flux encoding of information was proposed over 30 years ago as a sub-terahertz clock frequency alternative to semiconductor electronics based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. Recently, interest in developing superconductor electronics has been renewed due to a search for energy saving solutions in applications related to high-performance computing. The current state of superconductor electronics and fabrication processes are reviewed in order to evaluate whether this electronics is scalable to a very large scale integration (VLSI) required to achieve computation complexities comparable to CMOS processors. A fully planarized process at MIT Lincoln Laboratory, perhaps the most advanced process developed so far for superconductor electronics, is used as an example. The process has nine superconducting layers: eight Nb wiring layers with the minimum feature size of 350 nm, and a thin superconducting layer for making compact high-kinetic-inductance bias inductors. All circuit layers are fully planarized using chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of SiO2 interlayer dielectric. The physical limitations imposed on the circuit density by Josephson junctions, circuit inductors, shunt and bias resistors, etc., are discussed. Energy dissipation in superconducting circuits is also reviewed in order to estimate whether this technology, which requires cryogenic refrigeration, can be energy efficient. Fabrication process development required for increasing the density of superconductor digital circuits by a factor of ten and achieving densities above 107 Josephson junctions per cm2 is described.
Representing nested semantic information in a linear string of text using XML. (2002)

XML has been widely adopted as an important data interchange language. The structure of XML enables sharing of data elements with variable degrees of nesting as long as the elements are grouped in a strict tree-like fashion. This requirement potentially restricts the usefulness of XML for marking up written text, which often includes features that do not properly nest within other features. We encountered this problem while marking up medical text with structured semantic information from a Natural Language Processor. Traditional approaches to this problem separate the structured information from the actual text mark up. This paper introduces an alternative solution, which tightly integrates the semantic structure with the text. The resulting XML markup preserves the linearity of the medical texts and can therefore be easily expanded with additional types of information.
A low phase noise 24/77 GHz dual-band sub-sampling PLL for automotive radar applications in 65 nm CMOS technology (2013)

A low phase noise 24/77 GHz dual-band subsampling PLL with a dual-band VCO is presented. Implemented in 65 nm CMOS technology, the proposed PLL occupies an area of 900 μm × 550 μm. The measured phase noise is -120.0 and -108.5 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset in 24 and 77 GHz modes respectively. With 1.3 V supply, the power consumption is 26.4 and 31.5 mW for 24 and 77 GHz modes respectively. Compared with other state-of-the-art works, the proposed PLL has the best phase noise performance among all of reported PLLs for automotive radar applications.
Roadmap to adopting OPC UA (2008)

This paper highlights a roadmap, consisting of three alternative paths, to adopting OPC UA, a new generation OPC specification. The OPC UA specification aims to improve and extend the scope of OPC in system integration. It introduces SOA paradigm and platform independence into OPC world, enabling a wide variety of new applications. It also provides integration from an embedded device up into the ERP level. This paper details ways to adapt existing systems to utilize OPC UA in order to timely take advantage of the new possibilities. Novel key features and application possibilities offered by OPC UA are also discussed. At last a small sample OPC UA application is presented as a proof of concept.
Cloning of Novel Chemokines Using a Signal Sequence Trap Method (2003)

Precursors of most secreted and cell surface molecules carry signal sequences at their amino termini. The method coined as signal sequence trap (1–3) takes advantage of the presence of N-terminal signal sequences in most precursor forms of secretory proteins and transmembrane proteins, which are necessary for the proper orientation of the N-terminal of mature forms inside endoplasmic reticulum and exocytotic vesicles. This method enables to selectively clone cDNA species encoding intercellular signal-transducing molecules without biologic assays. In this chapter, an efficient signal sequence trap method based on an Epstein-Barr virus shuttle vector is described (2).
Combined Directed ortho Metalation/Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Strategies. Regiospecific Synthesis of Chlorodihydroxybiphenyls and Polychlorinated Biphenyls. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Comparison of Fractal Dimension Algorithms for the Computation of EEG Biomarkers for Dementia (2005)

International audience
Incidence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Autism: A Population-Based Study (2009)

As constipation and feeding issues/food selectivity often have a behavioral etiology, data suggest that a neurobehavioral rather than a primary organic gastrointestinal etiology may account for the higher incidence of these gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism.
Photoaffinity Labelling and Solubilization of the Central 5-HT<sub>1A</sub>Receptor Binding Site (1987)

Two complementary approaches, covalent labelling and solubilization, have been used to study the biochemical properties of the central 5-HT1A receptor binding site. We have first designed a photoaffinity ligand containing the structure of 8-OH-DPAT, a potent and specific agonist of 5-HT1A sites. Thus, 8-methoxy-2[N-n-propyl,N-3-(2-nitro-4-azido-phenyl)- aminopropyl]aminotetralin or 8-methoxy-3'-NAP-amino-PAT, was found to displace, in the dark, [3H]8-OH-DPAT from 5-HT1A sites in rat hippocampal membranes with an IC50 of 6.6 nM. Under two cumulative UV irradiations (366 nm, for 20 min at 4 degrees C), 8-methoxy-3-'-NAP-amino-PAT (30 nM) blocked irreversibly 55-60% of 5-HT1A binding sites. This blockade was specific of 5-HT1A sites since the other serotoninergic sites, 5-HT1B, 5-HT2 and also the presynaptic 5-HT3 sites were not affected by the treatment. In addition, the binding of [3H]Spiperone and [3H]7-OH-DPAT to striatal dopamine sites remained unchanged under similar photolysis conditions. The tritiated derivative of the photoaffinity ligand (92 Ci/mmol) was then synthesized for the identification of the covalently bound protein(s). SDS-PAGE of solubilized membranes irradiated in the presence of 20 nM 3H-8-methoxy-3'-NAP-amino-PAT allowed the detection of a 63 kD protein whose labelling appeared specific. Thus, 3H-incorporation into the 63 kD band could be prevented by microM concentrations of 5-HT, 8-OH-DPAT and other selective 5-HT1A ligands such as isapirone. In contrast, the 5-HT2 antagonist ketanserin, norepinephrine and dopamine-related ligands (including 7-OH-DPAT) were ineffective. Direct solubilization of 5-HT1A receptor binding sites was also attempted from rat hippocampal membranes. The best results were obtained using CHAPS (10 mM) plus NaCl (0.2 M), which led to 50% recovery of 5-HT1A sites in the 100,000 g supernatant. The pharmacological properties and sensitivity to N-ethyl-maleimide and GppNHp of soluble sites appeared near identical to those of membrane-bound 5-HT1A sites.
Development of a Two-Wheeled Inverted Pendulum Mobile Robot (2007)

The research on two-wheeled inverted pendulum (T-WIP) mobile robots or commonly known as balancing robots have gained momentum over the last decade in a number of robotic laboratories around the world. This paper describes the hardware design of such a robot. The objective of the design is to develop a T-WIP mobile robot to be used as flexible platform comprises of embedded unstable linear plant intended for research and teaching purposes. Issues such as selection of actuators and sensors, signal processing units, modeling and control scheme was addressed and discussed. The system is then tested using a well-known pole-placement state feedback controller to verify its functionality.
Enhanced <sup>4</sup> I <sub>11/2</sub> → <sup>4</sup> I <sub>13/2</sub> transition rate in Er <sup>3+</sup> /Ce <sup>3+</sup> -codoped tellurite glasses (1999)

The population feeding rate from the 4I11/2 level to the 1.5 µm fluorescence-emitting 4I13/2 level of Er3+ ions in tellurite glass hosts is enhanced by codoping with Ce3+ under optical pumping at 980 nm.
Theorems on factorization and primality testing (1974)

1. Introduction . This paper is concerned with the problem of obtaining theoretical estimates for the number of arithmetical operations required to factorize a large integer n or test it for primality. One way of making these problems precise uses a multi-tape Turing machine (e.g. (1), although we require a version with an input tape). At the start of the calculation n is written in radix notation on one of the tapes, and the machine is to stop after writing out the factors in radix notation or after writing one of two symbols denoting ‘prime’ or ‘composite’. There are, of course, other definitions which could be used; but the differences between these are unimportant for our purpose.
A low-complexity selected mapping scheme for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in OFDM systems (2005)

One major problem associated with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the output signal. The selected mapping (SLM) approach provides good performance for PAPR reduction, but it may suffer from the high computational complexity of a bank of inverse fast Fourier transforms (IFFTs). We propose a kind of low-complexity conversion to replace the IFFTs in the SLM method. Using the proposed conversions, we develop a novel SLM scheme with much lower complexity than the conventional SLM approach. Computer simulation results show that both of the SLM schemes have almost the same PAPR reduction performance.
Quantum Clusters in Cavities: Trapped Au<sub>15</sub> in Cyclodextrins (2011)

We have prepared Au15 quantum clusters anchored to α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrin (CD) cavities. The synthesis process involves the core etching of larger clusters and the simultaneous trapping of the clusters formed inside the CD cavities. The clusters were characterized by various tools, such as optical absorption and luminescence spectroscopies, electrospray ionization−mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), circular dichroism spectroscopy, and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy. Trapping of the cluster in the CD cavity was proven by circular dichroism and also by rotational Overhauser effect spectroscopy (ROESY), in terms of the distinct cross peak between proton “e” of the glutathione (−SG) ligand and the “H3” proton of CD. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies showed a hydrodynamic diameter of ∼3−4 nm, indicating one CD molecule per cluster with an extension of one water of hydration. The clusters are intensely luminescent, with major lifetime components of 28, 71, and 24 ps for Au15@αCD, Au15@βCD, and Au15@γCD, respectively. The clusters also are strongly luminescent in the solid state. Both in the solution and in the solid state, the luminescence is sensitive to solvents/vapors. The clusters adhere to glass plates, and the solvent dependency of luminescence was used to create patterns that are erased upon gradual evaporation of the solvent. This self-erasing property was further demonstrated with clusters supported on a thin layer chromatography (TLC) plate. Selective detection of metal ions using the luminescence of the clusters is reported. Evaporation of the cluster solutions leads to luminescent gel-like materials.
Subjective evaluation and electroacoustic theoretical validation of a new approach to audio upmixing (2006)

Audio signal processing systems for converting two-channel (stereo) recordings to four or five channels are increasingly relevant. These audio upmixers can be used with conventional stereo sound recordings and reproduced with multichannel home theatre or automotive loudspeaker audio systems to create a more engaging and natural-sounding listening experience. This dissertation discusses existing approaches to audio upmixing for recordings of musical performances and presents specific design criteria for a system to enhance spatial sound quality. A new upmixing system is proposed and evaluated according to these criteria and a theoretical model for its behavior is validated using empirical measurements.
Measurement of changes in tissue temperature using MR imaging. (1986)

The spin-lattice relaxation time T1 of tissue has been measured as a function of temperature using a magnetic resonance imager. Both in vitro and in vivo tissues have been heated within the imager using radiofrequency power applied to either implanted electrodes or capacitive plates. The temperature distribution was monitored with implanted thermocouples and T1 was found to have a linear dependence with temperature with a slope of 5-10 ms/degrees C. The uncertainty in T1 corresponds to a temperature resolution of 1-2 degrees C, which combined with a spatial resolution of 4-5 mm and scan time of 1 min suggests the method should be valuable for noninvasive temperature mapping in clinical hyperthermia.
Transfer RNA Genes: Landmarks for Integration of Mobile Genetic Elements in <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1989)

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes mobile genetic elements frequently disrupt the highly conservative structures of chromosomes, which are responsible for storage of genetic information. The factors determining the site for integration of such elements are still unknown. Transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are associated in a highly significant manner with different putative mobile genetic elements in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. These results suggest that tRNA genes in D. discoideum, and probably tRNA genes generally in lower eukaryotes, may function as genomic landmarks for the integration of different transposable elements in a strictly position-specific manner.
Transduction with Integration-Defective Mutants of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Bacteriophage KB1 (1974)

Phage KB1 has gained use as a generalized transducing phage for Salmonella typhimurium, including strains resistant to phage P22. Integration-defective mutants of KB1 have now been isolated; one of these, int-1, is recommended for transduction when nonlysogenic recombinants are desired.