gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Unmanned ground vehicle demo II: demonstration A</title> (1995)

The military has an anticipated need for a remotely controlled ground system to perform reconnaissance; surveillance; target acquisition; patrolling; and nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) detection. In particular, the U.S. Army Infantry School would like the system to operate in the most dangerous areas of the modeM battlefield—open terrain that is highly trafficable. This has led to the premise that the system should be fast. Also, discovering the enemy's location is often dangerous with the cost assessed in human lives. From these requirements emerged the Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) programs. Emphasis is on effective robotic technology that has multiservice applications and is unique to unmanned vehicles on the gr1 The maturity of these robotic technologies was started to be confirmed in (1) UGV Demo I, held in 1992; and will continue to be confirmed in (2) UGV Demo II, scheduled in 1996. UGV Demo I focused primarily on teleoperation, while the UGV Demo II is designed to complement the first demonstration by focusing on supervised autonomy. The primary goal of the UGV Demo II program is to demonstrate the utility of advanced UGV systems to conduct tasks that enhance the Department of Defense force structure. This demonstration will combine both offensive and defensive operations in a militarily relevant situation. For offensive operation, four cooperating UGVs will initiate a movement-tocontact scenario. The vehicles will conduct a screening operation for a manned force using bounding overwatch over semiarid terrain. Once in overwatch positions, they will use a reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) mission module to observe threats; and to locate, detect, assess, and designate threats for indirect fire. For defensive operation, the vehicles will conduct a retrograde scenario. Four cooperating UGVs will screen a manned force by sequentially occupying preplanned defensive positions to maximize damage to advancing enemy forces. Once the commander determines that enemy forces have been weakened, the vehicles will move to preplanned locations in the main battle area to help designate remnants of advancing enemy forces.
Automatic Multicast Tunneling (2015)

This document describes Automatic Multicast Tunneling (AMT), a
protocol for delivering multicast traffic from sources in a multicast-
enabled network to receivers that lack multicast connectivity to the
source network. The protocol uses UDP encapsulation and unicast
replication to provide this functionality. The AMT protocol is
specifically designed to support rapid deployment by requiring minimal
changes to existing network infrastructure.
The role of the phospholipid sphingomyelin in heart disease. (2006)

Sphingomyelin (SM) is an integral component of mammalian cell membranes and nerves. However, the inability to catabolize SM may lead to its accumulation in various tissues and organs, resulting in pathological disorders such as Niemann Pick disease. Elevated levels of SM have also been identified as an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. During the past two decades, data have emerged that support an important role for metabolites of SM, such as ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, in the regulation of phenotypic changes such as cell proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Further studies of the molecular and pathobiological basis of these phospholipids may facilitate advances in the discovery of drugs with which to mitigate diseases that may result from an elevation in SM and its metabolites.
How to Measure the Strength of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (2008)

Abstract Defining the intensity of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) has been extremely controversial. This paper elaborates on the meanings of 25 existing EASM indices in terms of two observed major modes of interannual variation in the precipitation and circulation anomalies for the 1979–2006 period. The existing indices can be classified into five categories: the east–west thermal contrast, north–south thermal contrast, shear vorticity of zonal winds, southwesterly monsoon, and South China Sea monsoon. The last four types of indices reflect various aspects of the leading mode of interannual variability of the EASM rainfall and circulations, which correspond to the decaying El Niño, while the first category reflects the second mode that corresponds to the developing El Niño. The authors recommend that the EASM strength can be represented by the principal component of the leading mode of the interannual variability, which provides a unified index for the majority of the existing indices. This new index is extremely robust, captures a large portion (50%) of the total variance of the precipitation and three-dimensional circulation, and has unique advantages over all the existing indices. The authors also recommend a simple index, the reversed Wang and Fan index, which is nearly identical to the leading principal component of the EASM and greatly facilitates real-time monitoring. The proposed index highlights the significance of the mei-yu/baiu/changma rainfall in gauging the strength of the EASM. The mei-yu, which is produced in the primary rain-bearing system, the East Asian (EA) subtropical front, better represents the variability of the EASM circulation system. This new index reverses the traditional Chinese meaning of a strong EASM, which corresponds to a deficient mei-yu that is associated with an abnormal northward extension of southerly over northern China. The new definition is consistent with the meaning used in other monsoon regions worldwide, where abundant rainfall within the major local rain-bearing monsoon system is considered to be a strong monsoon.
Calculation of the Fermi level, minority carrier concentration, effective intrinsic concentration, and einstein relation in n- and p-type germanium and silicon (1977)

For the basic understanding of the physics of any semiconductor device an up-to-date knowledge of the various basic parameters is highly essential. Theoretical calculations are made of the Fermi level, minority carrier concentration, effective intrinsic concentration, and Einstein relation in n- and p-type germanium and silicon at 300 K. The reported work is based on the recently developed new transport theory of heavily doped silicon by van Overstraeten et al., It is found that the results are significantly different from the classical results. Für ein grundlegendes Verständnis der Physik eines Halbleiterbauelements ist eine vollständige Kenntnis der verschiedenen grundlegenden Parameter sehr wesentlich. Es werden theoretische Berechnungen durchgeführt für das Ferminiveau, die Minoritätsladungsträgerkonzentration, effektive Eigenleitungskonzentration und Einsteinrelation in n- und p-leitendem Germanium und Silizium bei 300 K. Die Arbeit basiert auf einer kürzlich von van Overstraeten et al. entwickelten Transporttheorie für stark dotiertes Silizium. Es wird gefunden, daß die Ergebnisse sich bedeutend von den klassischen Ergebnissen unterscheiden.
Switched-mode power supplies (1987)

- Part A: I. Fundamentals of Power Supply Technology. General information on DC power supplies. Quantities and parameters typical of power supplies. Technical characteristics to be specified, type selection. II. Regulated Linear Power Supplies. Comparison of the characteristics of IC and discrete voltage regulators. Voltage regulators of IC design. Types of IC voltage regulators and their applications. Ways of optimizing voltage regulators. III. Unregulated DC-DC Converter Power Supplies. General points for DC-DC converter power supplies. Basic circuit arrangements of DC-DC converters and guidelines for design. Actual examples of circuitry. Bibliography and recommended further reading. Contents - Part B: I. Fundamentals. Switched-mode power supplies. Design of switched-model power supplies. II. Energy-Transfer Circuits. Circuits with outputs not isolated from inputs. Circuits with outputs isolated from the inputs. Selection of the optimum type of circuit. Guidance for the selection of components. III. Regulation and Protection Circuits. Design details of regulation and protection circuits. Typical types of integrated regulation and protection circuits. IV. Interference Suppression. Interference generated by switched-mode power supplies. Interference reduction. Interference voltages entering the power supplies from the power line. V. Practical Circuit Arrangements. Stabilized power supplies with operational frequencies of 20 kHz to 50 kHz. Power supplies of 100 kHz to 200 kHz operational frequencies. Bibliography and recommended further reading.
BMP Signaling Is Required for Normal Thymus Development (2005)

The microenvironment of the thymus fosters the generation of a diverse and self-tolerant T cell repertoire from a pool of essentially random specificities. Epithelial as well as mesenchymal cells contribute to the thymic stroma, but little is known about the factors that allow for communication between the two cells types that shape the thymic microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the role of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling in thymus development. Transgenic expression of the BMP antagonist Noggin in thymic epithelial cells under the control of a Foxn1 promoter in the mouse leads to dysplastic thymic lobes of drastically reduced size that are ectopically located in the neck at the level of the hyoid bone. Interestingly, the small number of thymocytes in these thymic lobes develops with normal kinetics and shows a wild-type phenotype. Organ initiation of the embryonic thymic anlage in these Noggin transgenic mice occurs as in wild-type mice, but the tight temporal and spatial regulation of BMP4 expression is abrogated in subsequent differentiation stages. We show that transgenic Noggin blocks BMP signaling in epithelial as well as mesenchymal cells of the thymic anlage. Our data demonstrate that BMP signaling is crucial for thymus development and that it is the thymic stroma rather than developing thymocytes that depends on BMP signals.
ABDICHTUNG VON BAUWERKSFUGEN MIT FUGENBAENDERN (1984)

DRUCKWASSERDICHTE FUGEN ZWISCHEN ZWEI BAUTEILEN AUS BETON ERHAELT MAN DURCH ANORDNUNG EINER FUGENBANDSPERRE, DIE IN DIE ANGRENZENDEN BETONTEILE EINBINDET, ZWISCHEN IHNEN EINGEPRESST ODER AN IHNEN ANGEFLANSCHT WIRD. DER SICH ERGEBENDE UMLAUFWEG UM DAS FUGENBAND MUSS AUSREICHEND WASSERUNDURCHLAESSIG GESTALTET SEIN. AUFTRETENDE FUGENBEWEGUNGEN MUESSEN VON DER SPERRE SCHADLOS AUFGENOMMEN WERDEN KOENNEN, OHNE DASS DIE DICHTUNGSFUNKTION VERLORENGEHT. (A*)
Synchronized Spontaneous Ca2+ Transients in Acute Anterior Pituitary Slices (1998)

We investigated the organization of spontaneous rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) due to electrical activity in acute pituitary slices. Real time confocal imaging revealed that 73% of the cells generated fast peaking spontaneous [Ca2+]i transients. Strikingly, groups of apposing cells enhanced their [Ca2+]i in synchrony with a speed of coactivation >1,000 microm/s. Single-cell injection of Neurobiotin or Lucifer yellow labeled clusters of cells, which corresponded to coactive cells. Halothane, a gap junction blocker, markedly reduced the spread of tracers. Coupling between excitable cells was mainly homologous in nature, with a prevalence of growth hormone-containing cells. We conclude that spontaneously active endocrine cells are either single units or arranged in synchronized gap junction-coupled assemblies scattered throughout the anterior pituitary gland. Synchrony between spontaneously excitable cells may help shape the patterns of basal secretion.
mRNA Decay Mediated by Two Distinct AU-Rich Elements from c- <i>fos</i> and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Transcripts: Different Deadenylation Kinetics and Uncoupling from Translation (1995)

Poly(A) tail removal is a critical first step in the decay pathway for many yeast and mammalian mRNAs. Poly(A) shortening rates can be regulated by cis-acting sequences within the transcribed portion of mRNA, which in turn control mRNA turnover rates. The AU-rich element (ARE), found in the 3' untranslated regions of many highly labile mammalian mRNAs, is a well-established example of this type of control. It represents the most widespread RNA stability determinant among those characterized in mammalian cells. Here, we report that two structurally different AREs, the c-fos ARE and the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) ARE, both direct rapid deadenylation as the first step in mRNA degradation, but by different kinetics. For c-fos-ARE-mediated decay, the mRNA population undergoes synchronous poly(A) shortening and is deadenylated at the same rate, implying the action of distributive or nonprocessive ribonucleolytic digestion of poly(A) tails. In contrast, the population of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ARE-containing mRNAs is deadenylated asynchronously, with the formation of fully deadenylated intermediates, consistent with the action of processive ribonucleolytic digestion of poly(A) tails. An important general implication of this finding is that different RNA-destabilizing elements direct deadenylation either by modulating the processivity at which a single RNase functions or by recruiting kinetically distinct RNases. We have also employed targeted inhibition of translation initiation to demonstrate that the RNA-destabilizing function of both AREs can be uncoupled from translation by ribosomes. In addition, a blockade of ongoing transcription has been used to further probe the functional similarities and distinctions of these two AREs. Our data suggest that the two AREs are targets of two distinct mRNA decay pathways. A general model for ARE-mediated mRNA degradation involving a potential role for certain heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins and ARE-binding proteins is proposed.
Theoretical modeling of superscalar processor performance (1994)

The current trace-driven simulation approach to determine superscalar processor performance is widely used but has some shortcomings. Modern benchmarks generate extremely long traces, resulting in problems with data storage, as well as very long simulation runtimes. More fundamentally, simulation generally does not provide significant insight into the factors that determine performance or a characterization of their interactions. This paper proposes a theoretical model of superscalar processor performance that addresses these shortcomings. Performance is viewed as an interaction of program parallelism and machine parallelism. Both program and machine parallelisms are decomposed into multiple component functions. Methods for measuring or computing these functions are described. The functions are combined to provide a model of the interaction between program and machine parallelisms and an accurate estimate of the performance. The computed performance, based on this model, is compared to simulated performance for six benchmarks from the SPEC92 suite on several configurations of the IBM RS/6000 instruction set architecture.
You Look Twice: GaterNet for Dynamic Filter Selection in CNNs (2018)

The concept of conditional computation for deep nets has been proposed previously to improve model performance by selectively using only parts of the model conditioned on the sample it is processing. In this paper, we investigate input-dependent dynamic filter selection in deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The problem is interesting because the idea of forcing different parts of the model to learn from different types of samples may help us acquire better filters in CNNs, improve the model generalization performance and potentially increase the interpretability of model behavior. We propose a novel yet simple framework called GaterNet, which involves a backbone and a gater network. The backbone network is a regular CNN that performs the major computation needed for making a prediction, while a global gater network is introduced to generate binary gates for selectively activating filters in the backbone network based on each input. Extensive experiments on CIFAR and ImageNet datasets show that our models consistently outperform the original models with a large margin. On CIFAR-10, our model also improves upon state-of-the-art results.
JOB RELATED ATTITUDES OF PART‐TIME AND FULL‐TIME WORKERS: AQUASIEXPERIMENTAL STUDY (1991)

An investigation of the attitudinal differences between employees performing part‐time and full‐time work is reported. The study was designed specifically to control for the influence of extraneous factors such as job type. In contrast with earlier research the part‐time employees studied had positive feelings about their jobs – this may relate to the nature of the work involved in this case.
Zeolite Y as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Fuel Production from Used Vegetable Oil (2007)

Complete recycling of waste edible oil has recently attracted considerable attention as a worldwide social problem. Production of a biodiesel fuel from used vegetable oil is considered an important step in reducing and recycling waste oil. This technology employs used vegetable oil as a potential renewable alternative resource to fossil diesel fuel, and the transesterification reaction is the usual process to obtain biodiesel. The objective of this work is to study the transesterification of waste oil with methanol in the presence of several Y-type zeolites with different Al2O3 content. In this study, the reaction is carried out in a continuous tubular steel reactor using zeolite Y as catalyst, being tested at atmospheric pressure within a reactor temperature range of 200–476 °C and methanol/oil molar ratio of 6. The results show an important decrease of viscosity of the product obtained until values close to biodiesel specifications.
Comb-Type Cationic Copolymer Expedites DNA Strand Exchange while Stabilizing DNA Duplex (2001)

The accelerating effect of cationic substances on the DNA strand exchange reaction between a 20 bp DNA duplex and its complementary single strand was studied. A polycationic comb-type copolymer, that consists of a poly(L-lysine) backbone and a dextran graft chain (PLL-g-Dex) and known to stabilize triplex DNA, expedites the strand exchange reaction under physiological relevant conditions. Electrostatically a small excess of the copolymer let to a 300-1500-fold increase in the DNA strand exchange while large excess of spermine or cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, a cationic detergent known to promote markedly hybridization of complementary DNA strands, shows only a slight effect. The efficacy of the copolymer was not affected by a 10 mM Mg2+ concentration. Notably the copolymer promotes the strand exchange reaction while it stabilizes double-stranded DNA. The stabilization of strand exchange intermediates consisting of the parent duplex and the single strand by the copolymer is believed to be responsible for the observed acceleration behavior.
Design of attitude and rate command systems for helicopters using eigenstructure assignment (1989)

This paper describes the use of eigenstructur e assignment in the direct design of attitude and attitude rate command systems for helicopter flight control. Eigenvalue assignment is used to achieve desired bandwidth based on the handling qualities specifications, and eigenvector assignment is used to achieve decoupling of lateral, longitudinal, heave, and yaw modes and the desired command-response characteristics. Eigenstructure techniques are also used to design a state estimator that gives desired closed-loop frequency response. The stability robustness of the control system is evaluated with respect to an error model that includes rotor, actuator, flexure, and sensor dynamics and computational and sampling delays in the flight control system. The controlled helicopter is shown to exhibit both good frequency and time-response characteristics. Nomenclature Scalars g = acceleration of gravity m = number of controls n = number of states p — roll rate, rad/s q — pitch rate, rad/s
Isolation and Initial Characterization of Arabidopsis Mutants That Are Deficient in Phytochrome A (1993)

Phytochrome, a red/far-red-light photoreceptor protein of plants, is encoded by a small gene family. Phytochrome A (PHYA), the product of the PHYA gene, is the predominant molecular species of phytochrome in etiolated tissue and has been best characterized biochemically. To define a role for PHYA, we isolated new mutants, designated fre1 (far-red elongated), in Arabidopsis thaliana that were specifically deficient in PHYA spectral activity and protein accumulation. These mutants were identified on the basis of their long hypocotyl phenotype under continuous far-red light. Although the fre1 mutants lacked the hypocotyl response to continuous far-red light, their responses to continuous white light and to end-of-day far-red-light treatments were normal. Thus, PHYA appears to play only a minor role in the regulation of hypocotyl elongation under natural conditions. In contrast, the fre1 mutation affected greening a fre1 mutant was less able than the wild type to deetiolate after growth in the dark. However, the potentiation effect of a red-light pulse on accumulation of chlorophyll was not changed significantly in the fre1 mutants. Thus, the function of PHYA might be highly specialized and restricted to certain phases of Arabidopsis development.
Methods in Ranking Fuzzy Numbers: A Unified Index and Comparative Reviews (2017)

Fuzzy set theory, extensively applied in abundant disciplines, has been recognized as a plausible tool in dealing with uncertain and vague information due to its prowess in mathematically manipulating the knowledge of imprecision. In fuzzy-data comparisons, exploring the general ranking measure that is capable of consistently differentiating the magnitude of fuzzy numbers has widely captivated academics’ attention. To date, numerous indices have been established; however, counterintuition, less discrimination, and/or inconsistency on their fuzzy-number rating outcomes have prohibited their comprehensive implementation. To ameliorate their manifested ranking weaknesses, this paper proposes a unified index that multiplies weighted-mean and weighted-area discriminatory components of a fuzzy number, respectively, called centroid value and attitude-incorporated left-and-right area. From theoretical proof of consistency property and comparative studies for triangular, triangular-and-trapezoidal mixed, and nonlinear fuzzy numbers, the unified index demonstrates conspicuous ranking gains in terms of intuition support, consistency, reliability, and computational simplicity capability. More importantly, the unified index possesses the consistency property for ranking fuzzy numbers and their images as well as for symmetric fuzzy numbers with an identical altitude which is a rather critical property for accurate matching and/or retrieval of information in the field of computer vision and image pattern recognition.
X-rays from stars (2004)

More than two years of observation with Chandra and XMM-Newton has provided a rich harvest of new results on the physics of stellar coronae and winds. High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy in particular has opened new windows to the structure, the dynamics and the composition of stellar atmospheres. The present paper presents selected results from the areas of hot and cool stars and star formation, summarizing new views of the thermal structure and energy release in stellar coronae, observations of magnetically active brown dwarfs, the structure of winds in hot stars, the physics in colliding-wind binary systems, and X-rays from protostars and stellar jets.
Configuration merging for adaptive computer applications (2005)

We present experimental evidence that multiple compute-units, compiled from sequential high-level language input programs, can be merged into a reduced number of configurations for a reconfigurable fabric (such as a modem FPGA), thus significantly reducing the reconfiguration overhead. For cases requiring multiple configurations, both heuristical and exact algorithms to solve the configuration merging problem are described.