gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The organotin-induced thymus atrophy, characterized by depletion of CD4+ CD8+ thymocytes, is preceded by a reduction of the immature CD4- CD8+ TcR alpha beta-/low CD2high thymoblast subset. (1992)

Thymic changes in the rat induced by the thymus atrophy-inducing organotin compound di-n-butyltin dichloride (DBTC) were examined using FACS analyses. The number of CD4+CD8+ thymocytes was reduced by DBTC treatment from Day 2 onwards and reached minimum level on Days 4 and 5 after dosing. On these days the CD4-CD8- and both the CD4-CD8+ and CD4+CD8- subsets were not affected. On Day 2 we observed a reduced proportion of transferrin receptor (CD71)-positive CD4-OX44- cells, representing the cycling immature CD4-CD8+ cells, and of CD71+OX44- cells, representing the cycling CD4+CD8+ cells, but not of CD71+CD4-CD8- cells. When compared to controls, the FSChigh cell population of DBTC-treated rats contained less CD4-OX44- and OX44- cells, which were further characterized as CD2high and T-cell receptor (TcR)alpha beta- low. Moreover, fewer TcR alpha beta high cells were detected in the OX44- thymoblast subset of DBTC-treated rats. The number of CD4-CD8- thymoblasts appeared marginally decreased while the numbers of CD4+OX44+ cells, representing mature CD4+ cells, were not affected. These data indicate that DBTC causes a preferential initial depletion of immature CD4-CD8+CD2high TcR alpha beta-low thymoblasts. This initial event may result in a decreased formation of CD4+CD8+ thymoblasts and of small CD4+CD8+ thymocytes. These characteristics of the initially depleted subset indicate a specific anti-proliferative effect of DBTC and may give clues for the mechanism involved in the induction of thymus atrophy.
<title>New packet switching concept for high-capacity networks</title> (2000)

This paper describes a new approach for implementing optical switching in a MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) domain where optical packet switching is deployed by using deflection routing. By implementing wavelength multiplexing along with deflection routing, the need for optical buffers is reduced considerably, thereby alleviating of the problems associated with optical packet switching. Using MPLS traffic engineering extensions that naturally facilitate the use of alternative routes furthermore eases the control of deflection routing. The following assumes knowledge of MPLS terminology and functionality.
Chromogranin B Regulates Calcium Signaling, Nuclear Factor κB Activity, and Brain Natriuretic Peptide Production in Cardiomyocytes (2008)

Altered regulation of signaling pathways can lead to pathologies including cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. We report that neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes express chromogranin B (CGB), a Ca(2+) binding protein that modulates Ca(2+) release by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (InsP(3)R). Using fluorescent Ca(2+) indicator dyes, we found that CGB regulates InsP(3)-dependent Ca(2+) release in response to angiotensin II, an octapeptide hormone that promotes cardiac hypertrophy. ELISA experiments and luciferase reporter assays identified angiotensin II as a potent inducer of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), a hormone that recently emerged as an important biomarker in cardiovascular disease. CGB was found to regulate angiotensin II-stimulated and basal secretion, expression and promoter activity of BNP that depend on the InsP(3)R. Moreover, we provide evidence that CGB acts via the transcription activity of nuclear factor kappaB in an InsP(3)/Ca(2+)-dependent manner but independent of nuclear factor of activated T cells. In vivo experiments further showed that cardiac hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II, a condition characterized by increased ventricular BNP production, is associated with upregulation of ventricular CGB expression. Overexpression of CGB in cardiomyocytes, in turn, induced the BNP promoter. The evidence presented in this study identifies CGB as a novel regulator of cardiomyocyte InsP(3)/Ca(2+)-dependent signaling, nuclear factor kappaB activity, and BNP production.
P1-12-21: Adjuvant Trastuzumab Treatment without Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early Breast Cancer. (2011)

Abstract Background: Trastuzumab (T) is approved in most Western countries for the treatment of early, HER2+ breast cancer (BC) parallel or sequential to adjuvant chemotherapy (CT). Nevertheless, as in metastatic disease, the antibody seems to be used without chemotherapy in a selected group of HER2+ patients (pt). The purpose of this analysis is to characterize this subgroup as well as describe safety and efficacy outcome parameters in this German prospective observation trial. Methods: At present, 2870 patients (pts) have been enrolled and documented in this ongoing non-interventional study from 270 German centers. At data base closure for this analysis, sufficient documentation was available from 2422 eligible pts. Results: The proportion of pts receiving T without preceding or concomitant CT (noCT) was 180/2422 (7.4%). This subgroup was characterized by higher age (median 58 vs.56 in the CT group, p=0.0026; ≥70 years: 18%/10%), smaller primaries (pT1 49%/43%, p=0.11), more favorable grading (G3 45%/53%, p=0.045), a higher proportion of positive hormone receptor (67%/61%, p=0.096) and less radiotherapy (64%/79%, p&lt;0.0001). The strong association to radiotherapy is probably due to the fact, that the choice of this additional modality reflects the overall risk assessment of the pt. In contrast, there was no difference in nodal involvement (pN0: 52%/51%; positive nodes: mean 2.5/2.4). In multivariate analysis (logistic regression model, not incorporating radiotherapy), hormone receptor status is not predictive (p=0.41), while age ≥65 (p=0.0011), grade 1/2 (p=0.046) and pT1 (p=0.089) independently remain at least borderline significant. The mean number of T administrations was 18 and the median duration of T therapy was 12 months in the noCT group as well as the CT group. 57% of the noCT pts received adjuvant endocrine therapy. In the CT group, 81% received anthracyclines and 61% taxanes. Based on a still low number of only 13 observed events in the noCT group, no differences in relapse-free survival could be detected (p=0.38). Pathological cardiac findings in the pt's history was not predictive of therapy selection (6%/7%) and were also similarly distributed at the end of T therapy (7%/8%). Cardiac function disorders of CTC grade 3/4 were reported in 1% of both groups, across all grades slightly less frequent in the noCT group (2.8%/4.0%). Conclusions: A small, but distinct group of early BC pts without adjuvant chemotherapy receives T treatment for HER2+ disease. These patients are characterized by higher age and favorable primary tumor staging and grading, but not by cardiac comorbidities. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-12-21.
The PCB Connector as a Surface Mounted Device (1985)

The problems and solutions relative to the design of PCB connectors for surface mounting are explored. The systems approach is discussed because surface mount technology (SMT) for connectors is largely driven by the need for minimum labor, and automated production lines. Therefore, the design must consider the application of the connectors by robots. This in turn brings about the need to consider how to package the connectors for presentation to the robot, how to identify the connector, and how the connector can be picked Up by the robot arm, consistentlY. Once on the board, the effect of large mating and unmating forces must be brought into the equation. The connector must be held down by some mechanical means, which must also be compatible with the capabilities of the robot. These problems are all explored. Answers to the design Problems are put forth, the conclusion being that all technologies are presently available to make the SMT connector a viable product family.
Neurons in primary auditory cortex represent sound source location in a cue-invariant manner (2019)

Auditory cortex is required for sound localisation, but how neural firing in auditory cortex underlies our perception of sound sources in space remains unclear. Specifically, whether neurons in auditory cortex represent spatial cues or an integrated representation of auditory space across cues is not known. Here, we measured the spatial receptive fields of neurons in primary auditory cortex (A1) while ferrets performed a relative localisation task. Manipulating the availability of binaural and spectral localisation cues had little impact on ferrets' performance, or on neural spatial tuning. A subpopulation of neurons encoded spatial position consistently across localisation cue type. Furthermore, neural firing pattern decoders outperformed two-channel model decoders using population activity. Together, these observations suggest that A1 encodes the location of sound sources, as opposed to spatial cue values.
Optimizing the Evaluation of Calculus Expressions in a Relational Database System (1979)

There is an interesting search strategy (due to James B. Rothnie) for efficient implementation of a limited kind of selection criterion for a relational database. This strategy is here generalized to arbitrary relational calculus expressions, and an analysis of the resulting improvement of performance is given. The strategy is used in a relational database system TGR and an overview of the architecture of this system is presented. TGR uses microprogrammed database primitives for searching the database. This approach is very similar to the use of a database processor although it also allows flexible change of processor design. The behaviour of TGR in evaluating typical queries is analyzed and the results are used for pointing out the bottlenecks in a relational database system with a particular type of structure. As a conclusion the construction of a database processor with the database primitives from TGR as instruction set is recommended. This would be a step towards getting acceptable performance in a relational database system.
Inhibition of Pathological Corneal Neovascularization by a Small Peptide Derived From Human Apolipoprotein (a) Kringle V (2014)

AU6 effectively inhibited pathogenic CNV. This novel peptide shows potential as a new treatment for ocular neovascularization.
Realization of a novel Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material with microscopic fiber-like structure (2013)

According to the principle that fiber-like arrangement of reinforcing particles SnO2 paralleling to the direction of current is propitious to the electrical and mechanical performance of the electrical contact materials, we proposed and reported a novel precursor route used to prepare Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material with fiberlike arrangement of reinforcing nanoparticles. The mechanism for the formation of fiber-like arrangement of reinforcing nanoparticles in Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material was also discussed. The as-prepared samples were characterized by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM),optical microscope (OM),energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX),MHV2000 microhardness test,and double bridge tester. The analysis showed that the as-prepared Ag/SnO2 electrical contact material with fiber-like arrangement of reinforcing nanoparticles exhibits a high elongation of 24 %,a particularly low electrical resistivity of 2.08 μΩ· cm,and low arcing energy,and thus has considerable technical,economical and environmental benefits.
The fast Fourier Poisson method for calculating Ewald sums (1994)

The conventional Ewald expression for the electrostatic energy and forces is recast in a form that can be evaluated to high accuracy in order N log(N) steps using fast Fourier transforms. The fast Fourier Poisson method does not rely on interpolation approaches or Taylor/multipole expansions, and can be easily integrated with conventional molecular dynamics algorithms.
Properties and performance of high current density Sn-core process MF Nb&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;Sn (1983)

Commercial production quantities of Sn-core-processed MF Nb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> Sn have recently been manufactured and delivered. The 1.73 mm (0.068") diameter strand contains 721 02, 2 micron filaments and 49% stabilizing copper protected by a diffusion barrier. Critical current density in the filament bronze region can be optimized to exceed 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> amps/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 10 Tesla 4.2 K and 3.7 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> amps/ cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 14 Tesla 4.2 K. Critical current as a function of applied tensile strain has been measured at 14 Tesla 4.2 K on samples of this material drawn to 0.36 mm (0.014") diameter. The peak in the Jc-ε curve occurs at ε = 0.28% and Jc = 1.25 Jc <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</inf> .
Investigating statistical techniques for sentence-level event classification (2008)

The ability to correctly classify sentences that describe events is an important task for many natural language applications such as Question Answering (QA) and Summarisation. In this paper, we treat event detection as a sentence level text classification problem. We compare the performance of two approaches to this task: a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier and a Language Modeling (LM) approach. We also investigate a rule based method that uses hand crafted lists of terms derived from WordNet. These terms are strongly associated with a given event type, and can be used to identify sentences describing instances of that type. We use two datasets in our experiments, and evaluate each technique on six distinct event types. Our results indicate that the SVM consistently outperform the LM technique for this task. More interestingly, we discover that the manual rule based classification system is a very powerful baseline that outperforms the SVM on three of the six event types.
Guar bread: acceptability and efficacy combined. Studies on blood glucose, serum insulin and satiety in normal subjects (1981)

1. Bread alone and supplemented with guar gum at three levels (50, 100 and 150 g/kg) was given to eleven non-diabetic subjects, and blood glucose and serum insulin were determined preprandialy, and at 30 min and 60 min after commencement of the meal. Ths satiating effect, up to 120 min, of the guar bread and its acceptability to the same group of normal volunteers was also studied. 2 No significant differences in blood glucose were observed between control and guar breads at 30 min and 60 min, apart from 100 g guar/kg bread at 30 min (P less than 0.05). A significant difference in serum insulin was indicated between: control and 50 (P less than 0.02) and 150 (P less than 0.02) guar/kg breads at 30 min; control and 50 (P less than 0.05), 100 (P less than 0.001) and 150 (P less than 0.05) guar/kg breads at 60 min. 3. There were no significant differences in the satiety scores for control and guar breads. Significant increases in satiety attributed to 150 g guar/kg bread were found when compared to: 50 g guar/kg bread immediately after eating (P less than 0.05), 100 g guar/kg bread at 60 min (P less than 0.02) and 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads at 120 min (both P less than 0.05). 4. There was a positive correlations between hedonic score and relative replacement of guar (r 0.62, P less than 0.001, n 44) and from the regression line it was found that 50 and 100 g guar/kg breads produced hedonic scores close to a neutral response of 5, whereas 150 g guar/kg bread at a predictive score of 6.3 appeared to be unacceptable to our subjects. 5. Guar bread at the 100 g/kg level (59 g guar/kg bread) reduced the serum insulin by 48% at 60 min and is found to be an acceptable food product at this level of incorporation. However, more information is required to demonstrate the possible satiating potential of guar bread.
Incremental value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos‐induced pleural disease (1982)

To assess the value of oblique chest radiographs in the diagnosis of asbestos-related pleural disease, we identified 100 asbestos-exposed construction workers and provided separate interpretations of the postero-anterior (PA), left anterior oblique (LAO), and right anterior oblique (RAO) projections using the International Labour Office (ILO) system. We found that the LAO projection identified left-sided pleural thickening more effectively than the PA view and the RAO view improved diagnosis of right-sided disease comparably. Of 62 cases of bilateral pleural thickening, only 43 (68%) were diagnosed by the PA projection alone. The increased diagnostic efficiency of approximately 50% in identifying bilateral pleural thickening appears to justify the routine use of oblique chest films in screening asbestos-exposed populations. Since bilateral pleural thickening among asbestos-exposed workers is an indicator of significant asbestos exposure and increased risk of other asbestos-induced conditions, early detection of this abnormality can lead to interventions designed to reduce asbestos-related morbidity and mortality.
I.—<i>A contribution towards a knowledge of the Entozoa of British Marine Fishes</i>.—Part II (1909)

(1909). I.—A contribution towards a knowledge of the Entozoa of British Marine Fishes.—Part II. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 4, No. 19, pp. 1-25.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems (Uas) in the Cyber Domain: Protecting Usa's Advanced Air Assets (2018)

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are an integral part of the US national critical infrastructure. They must be protected from hostile intent or use to the same level as any other military or commercial asset involved in US national security. However, from the Spratly Islands to Djibouti to heartland America, the expanding Chinese Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS / Drone) industry has outpaced the US technologically and numerically on all fronts: military, commercial, and recreational.\nBoth countries found that there were large information security gaps in unmanned systems that could be exploited on the international cyber-security stage. Many of those gaps remain today and are direct threats to US advanced Air Assets if not mitigated upfront by UAS designers and manufacturers. The authors contend that US military / commercial developers of UAS hardware and software must perform cyber risk assessments and mitigations prior to delivery of UAS systems to stay internationally competitive and secure.\nThe authors have endeavored to bring a breadth and quality of information to the reader that is unparalleled in the unclassified sphere. This book will fully immerse and engage the reader in the cyber-security considerations of this rapidly emerging technology that we know as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). Topics covered include National Airspace (NAS) policy issues, information security, UAS vulnerabilities in key systems (Sense and Avoid / SCADA), collision avoidance systems, stealth design, intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) platforms; weapons systems security; electronic warfare considerations; data-links, jamming operational vulnerabilities and still-emerging political scenarios that affect US military / commercial decisions.
SOFTWARE TOOLKIT FOR TEACHING IMAGE PROCESSING (2001)

We introduce a software framework called the Java Vision Toolkit (JVT) for teaching image processing and computer vision. The toolkit provides over 50 image operations and presents them to the user in a GUI that can render grayscale, color and 3D range images. The software is written in Java, enabling it to be integrated into HTML documents and interactive course materials. The framework is designed for extensibility using a source code template that supports the implementation of any new operation with a minimal amount of supporting code. For students, this framework encapsulates the GUI, file I/O and other trivial programming details and allows them the maximum amount of time to spend on understanding computer vision. We compare the JVT with other computer vision software frameworks that are used for teaching and research. We also discuss the use of the JVT in an undergraduate image processing course at the University of South Florida.
Lower body negative pressure: the second manned Skylab mission. (1976)

Results of orthostatic evaluations of the crew of Skylab 3 with lower body negative pressure (LNBP) stress tests during their 59-d mission are reported. The test protocol was identical to that used in the first manned Skylab mission and the latter Apollo flights. Except for an inflight increase (rather than a decrease) in resting heart rates, results were essentially parallel to those observed in crewmen of the shorter Skylab 2 mission. Exaggerated elevations in heart rate and decreases in pulse pressure during LBNP stress inflight and immediately postflight corresponded to lowered orthostatic tolerance. Large decrements in resting calf size inflight and in total leg volume postflight indicated significant headward fluid shifts as had already been seen in the Skylab 2 crewmen. In addition, decreases in calf circumference gave no certain indication of a plateau over the 59 d inflight. On the other hand, percentage volume increase in calf size during LBNP stress inflight was greater than those in either preflight or postflight tests. Hypotheses elaborated after the Skylab 2 mission seem to have been substantiated, but several enigmas await data from the last and longer mission for clarification.
Blue-green ZnCdSe light-emitting diodes grown byMOCVD (1995)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having a ZnCdSe/ZnSe single quantum well (SQW) were grown by metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) at a growth temperature of 480°C. Diisopropylamine (Di-PNH) was used as a p-type dopant. Light emission was observed at a wavelength of 500 nm (2.480 eV) with a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of 7.3 nm (36 meV) at 77K.
Correlation of Natural Gas by Use of Carbon Isotopic Distribution Between Hydrocarbon Components (1983)

The natural distribution of carbon isotopes between hydrocarbon gas components is used for (1) determining a gas's maturity, (2) correlating a reservoired gas to its source, (3) correlating one reservoired gas with another, and (4) recognizing gas mixtures. Calculated separations of carbon isotopes between the normal alkane components of a natural gas have been related to source rock maturity by use of a single, continuous diagram, independent of source type. Actual data from a wide variety of geologic settings and geologic ages confirm this relationship and demonstrate its applicability to the source rock Levels of Organic Metamorphism ranging from 8 to 13, covering the entire range of oil and wet-gas generation. At greater maturities, the wet-gas components are found to undergo thermal degradation, losing their usefulness for correlation. Three examples showing indigenous gas (west Texas), non-indigenous gas (Gippsland basin, Australia), and gas mixtures from multiple sources (southeastern Alberta) illustrate exploration applications.