gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deposition of perpendicular magnetic recording Co–Cr layers with nanosize domains using a plasma enhanced type of sputtering apparatus (1999)

Co–Cr thin films for perpendicular magnetic recording layers were deposited using a new type of facing targets sputtering apparatus by optimizing the film thickness tF, the substrate temperature Ts, and the sputtering Ar pressure PAr. The Co76Cr24 films with tF of 50 nm were deposited on glass disks at Ts of 230 °C and PAr of 0.03 Pa. These films were composed of highly c-axis oriented hcp crystallites, in which isolated ferromagnetic areas with lower Cr content CCr were uniformly distributed in the paramagnetic host matrix with higher CCr. The diameter of grains was 5–20 nm with voidless grain bounderies and the diameter of lower CCr areas was as small as 3–5 nm. The perpendicular coercivities Hc⊥ in initial growth regions, the whole film and surface regions were 1100, 1900, and 2700 Oe, respectively. Transmission electron microscope images of these specimens showed that ferromagnetic areas of highly c-axis oriented hcp crystallites with large uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant are particulate-like. Consequently, the deposition of Co–Cr thin films with much higher Hc⊥ from the initial growth region to that of a surface may be the key technology for preparing perpendicular magnetic recording layers at ultrahigh density above 20 Gbit/in.2
The Flattened Face of Type IIβ Phosphatidylinositol Phosphate Kinase Binds Acidic Phospholipid Membranes (1999)

Type II beta phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase is a representative phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase that is active against membrane-bound substrates. The structure of the enzyme contains a flattened basic face that spans the crystallographic dimer interface and is adjacent to the active site. Analytical ultracentrifugation shows that phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase is a dimer in solution. Modeling suggested that the flattened face binds to acidic phospholipids by electrostatic interactions. The enzyme binds to acidic vesicles containing phosphatidylserine, phosphatidic acid, or phosphoinositides mixed with phosphatidylcholine, but not to neutral phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Binding to acidic vesicles is abolished in the presence of 1.0 M NaCl, consistent with an essential electrostatic contribution to the free energy of binding. The +14 charge on the flattened face of the dimer was reduced to +2 in the triple mutant Lys72Glu/Lys76Glu/Lys78Glu. The mutation has no effect on dimerization, but reduces the apparent KA for 25% phosphatidylserine/75% phosphatidylcholine mixed vesicles by 16-fold. The reduction in the level of binding can be ascribed to a loss of electrostatic interactions based on the finite difference solution to the Poisson-Boltzmann equation. The mutant reduces catalytic activity toward phosphatidylinositol 5-phosphate by approximately 50-fold. The wild-type enzyme binds half-maximally to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-containing vesicles at a mole fraction of 0.3% in a phosphatidylcholine background, as compared to a 22% mole fraction in phosphatidylserine. The binding to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate-containing membranes is less sensitive to salt and to the triple mutation than binding to phosphatidylserine-containing membranes, suggesting that at least part of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate's interaction with the enzyme is independent of the flattened face. It is concluded that the flattened face of type II beta phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase binds to membranes through nonspecific interactions, and that this interaction is essential for efficient catalysis.
High-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem-cell support for breast cancer in North America. (1997)

Autotransplants increasingly are used to treat breast cancer. One-hundred-day mortality has decreased substantially. Three-year survival is better in women with earlier stage disease and in those who respond to pretransplant chemotherapy.
Evaluating Feedback Ratings for Measuring Reputation of Web Services (2011)

In the field of service computing, reputation of a Web service is usually calculated using feedback ratings provided by service users. However, the existing of malicious ratings and different preferences of different service users often lead to a bias towards positive or negative ratings. In this paper, we propose a novel reputation measure method for Web services. The proposed method employs two phases (i.e., malicious rating detection and rating adjustment) to enhance the reputation measure accuracy. We first detect malicious feedback ratings by the Cumulative Sum Method, and then reduce the affect of different user feedback preferences by using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. Extensive experiments are conducted. Experimental results show that our proposed method is effective and can enhance the reliability of service selection.
Apoptotic and antiapoptotic effect of (-)deprenyl and (-)-desmethyl-deprenyl on human cell lines. (2000)

The antiapoptotic effect of (-) deprenyl on human phaeochromocytoma cells after serum deprivation has been reported by earlier. Two melanoma (M-1 and HT-2058) cell lines were used in our experiments. Serum deprivation for five days resulted in excessive number of apoptosis in the cell cultures. Very low doses of (-)-deprenyl (10(-7)-10(-13) mol) caused an approximately 2 days delay in the onset of apoptosis. At the same time, +deprenyl was ineffective. In further experiments (-)-deprenyl and (-)desmethyl-deprenyl was administered in higher doses (10(-2), 10(-3) and 10(-4) mol) to A-2058 melanoma and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells in culture. In these experiments no serum deprivation was applied and the treatment was started 24 hours after plating. Total eradication of the A-2058 cells was caused by 10(-2) mol (-)-deprenyl and (-)-desmethyl-deprenyl. The type of cell death appeared to be apoptosis. Sixty percent apoptotic ratio was seen 24 hours and 72 hours after 10(-3) mol (-)-desmethyl-deprenyl treteatment. The same dose of (-)-deprenyl caused 50% apoptosis an 72 h. Only (-)-desmethyl-deprenyl induced apoptosis (20%) at 24 hours, in the dose of 10(-4) mol. Interestingly (-)-deprenyl treatment resulted in 60% apoptosis.
Staphylococcus corneal virulence in a new topical model of infection. (2001)

A new topical model of infection has been developed, and alpha-toxin is an important virulence factor in this model.
Executing, viewing and explaining conceptual models (2002)

Conceptual models are developed to assess the functional properties of information systems. Since they are used actively during the design and implementation of these systems, an important task is to make sure that the models really represent the users' needs and intentions. PPP (Phenomena, Processes, Program) is an experimental CASE environment. In the PPP environment, the conceptual modeling process is well supported. The PPP language is used during model construction, whereas three validation techniques are integrated for model validation. The combination of model execution, complexity reduction, and explanation generation provides an exposition of conceptual model properties that are difficult to detect reading the models or using standalone techniques. We explain the PPP modeling approach. Particularly, we show how the integration of these techniques work together to make the dynamic properties of PPP models more transparent to the users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
P4‐138: Examination of TOMM40, APOE, and PCDH11X in Caribbean Hispanics with late‐onset Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Controversies remain as to whether the TOMM40 gene independently contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD) or whether it is due to its close proximity to the APOE gene. We examined this question using cases and controls of Caribbean Hispanic ancestry, an admixture of Spaniards, Amerindians, and Africans. The population may offer an advantage in testing associations because we can use a variable linkage disequilibrium arising from the admixture to assess genetic contributions. We tested the association between TOMM40, APOE and AD. Subsequently, we evaluated the association between AD and a novel gene, PCDH11X, in this cohort. We studied 549 cases and 544 controls of Caribbean Hispanic ancestry. For TOMM40 and APOE, we evaluated 7 SNPs (median gap=2.7kb). To measure the degree of admixture, we used ancestry identification markers to classify each individual. We then applied the same approach to evaluate rs5984894 and 27 other SNPs in PCDH11X (median gap=7.8kb). We first conducted a single and multi-point association study using all subjects, and then repeated the analysis within one sex. We observed the strongest positive association with rs2075650 in TOMM40 (p=0.0003543), and the coding SNPs for APOE were significant (p=6.6E-7) without adjusting for ethnic cluster. When restricted to the Caucasian cluster, rs2075650 and rs8106922 in TOMM40 showed a strong association (p=0.000193). However, the same SNPs failed to show significant association in the African cluster. rs5984894 in PCDH11X was not associated with AD in females (p=0.996), and the lack of association persisted after restricting to either ethnic cluster (p_Caucasians= 0.8275; p_Africans= 0.9824). We did not observe significant association for other SNPs. The results remained unchanged for the combined analysis. In this set of Caribbean Hispanics, the variant in TOMM40 appears to have a modest influence on AD in those with the Caucasian, but not in African, background. Given positive associations in homogenous Caucasian samples of published studies and the negative finding in the African cluster, the influence of TOMM40 will be modest at best and it may be partially due to a hitchhiking effect. This set of Caribbean Hispanics did not support any association with PCDH11X.
Inactivation of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrases by bromopyruvate (1972)

for this histidine.
The primary structure and functional characterization of the neutral histidine-rich polypeptide from human parotid secretion. (1986)

The neutral histidine-rich polypeptide (HRP) from human parotid secretion was isolated by ion-exchange and gel-filtration chromatography. The complete amino acid sequence determined by automated Edman degradation of the protein, tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease peptides, and digestion with carboxypeptidase A is: (Formula: see text) where Pse represents phosphoserine. The polypeptide contains 38 residues and has Mr 4929. The charged amino acids predominate with 7 histidine, 4 arginine, 3 lysine, 3 aspartic acid, 3 glutamic acid residues, and 1 phosphoserine. Assuming minimal charge contributions from histidine and one negative charge from phosphoserine at pH 7, the net charge of HRP is balanced by an equal contribution of basic and acidic residues. Furthermore, the distribution of hydrophilic and hydrophobic residues along the polypeptide chain indicates that there is no structural polarity. The polypeptide lacks threonine, alanine, valine, cysteine, methionine, and isoleucine. HRP did not display sequence similarity with any protein sequence in the National Biomedical Research Foundation Data Bank. HRP is an active inhibitor of hydroxyapatite crystal growth from solutions supersaturated with respect to calcium phosphate salts and therefore must play a role in the stabilization of mineral-solute interactions in oral fluid. In addition, HRP is a potent inhibitor of Candida albicans germination and therefore may be a significant component of the antimicrobial host defense system in the oral cavity.
Ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in metallic thin films: Comparison of measurement methods (2006)

Stripline (SL), vector network analyzer (VNA), and pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer (PIMM) techniques were used to measure the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) linewidth for a series of Permalloy films with thicknesses of 50 and 100nm. The SL-FMR measurements were made for fixed frequencies from 1.5to5.5GHz. The VNA-FMR and PIMM measurements were made for fixed in-plane fields from 1.6to8kA∕m (20–100Oe). The results provide a confirmation, lacking until now, that the linewidths measured by these three methods are consistent and compatible. In the field format, the linewidths are a linear function of frequency, with a slope that corresponds to a nominal Landau-Lifshitz phenomenological damping parameter α value of 0.007 and zero frequency intercepts in the 160–320A∕m (2–4Oe) range. In the frequency format, the corresponding linewidth versus frequency response shows a weak upward curvature at the lowest measurement frequencies and a leveling off at high frequencies.
Multi-objective Optimisation of Online Distributed Software Update for DevOps in Clouds (2019)

This article studies synchronous online distributed software update, also known as rolling upgrade in DevOps, which in clouds upgrades software versions in virtual machine instances even when various failures may occur. The goal is to minimise completion time, availability degradation, and monetary cost for entire rolling upgrade by selecting proper parameters. For this goal, we propose a stochastic model and a novel optimisation method. We validate our approach to minimise the objectives through both experiments in Amazon Web Service (AWS) and simulations.
Basaltic rocks from the Pinacate Volcanic Field yield notably young <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>39</sup>Ar ages (2000)

Determining the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages of young basaltic volcanic rocks is complicated by many factors, including the possible presence of excess argon and low potassium content. A recent investigation indicates that 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages for basalts from the Pinacate volcanic field (PVF) in northwestern Sonora, Mexico, are as young as 12±4 ka, a very young age determination for a basaltic rock with excess argon. Further, these basalts represent three of the youngest volcanic centers in the PVF Two of these volcanic centers appear almost as if they “formed only yesterday,” and the ages determined, while young for 40 Ar/ 39 Ar methodology on basalts, nevertheless indicate the extremely slow rate of geomorphic change of volcanic rocks in such arid environments. Anthropogenic scars on the land surface here will last for millennia.
A minimization approach to the wave equation on time-dependent domains (2018)

Abstract We prove the existence of weak solutions to the homogeneous wave equation on a suitable class of time-dependent domains. Using the approach suggested by De Giorgi and developed by Serra and Tilli, such solutions are approximated by minimizers of suitable functionals in space-time.
A New Instrument for Evaluating the Visual Quality of Air (1967)

Any device for assessing the visual quality of air must necessarily have an extremely high sensitivity since, at times, the Rayleigh scattering of air molecules is the determining factor. The integrating nephel-ometer of Brewer and Beuttell has been adapted for air quality measurement. It records the volume scattering coefficient and was reliable in over a month of continuous operation. The results may be interpreted in terms of visual range; if so the inherent noise in the system corresponds to more than 500 miles visual range with a 100-second response time. The low cost, simplicity, and sensitivity of the device make it appear useful for rapid evaluation of visual air quality. The design of the instrument will be presented, including both the optical and electronic components. The results of operation of the instrument in Seattle during days of moderate air pollution will be used to illustrate the utility of the device.
Preparation of a microporous silicon oximide gel from the reaction of tris(dimethylamino)silylamine with formamide and its pyrolytic conversion into a silicon oxynitride based glass (2005)

A high-surface-area silicon oximide-based gel [SiOC(H)NSi]m[Si2N-C(H)O]n[SiN(H)-C(H)O]p[SiOC(H)NH]q[SiNH]r[SiNH2]s[SiNMe2]t was prepared via a formamide-based aminolysis of tris(dimethylamino)silylamine, (Me2N)3SiNH2. The structure of the gel and the mechanism of formation are elucidated. Pyrolysis of the gel at 1000 °C under N2 flow gave an amorphous microporous oxynitride-based glass with a BET surface area of 195 m2 g−1.
The role of 1-octen-3-ol, acetone and carbon dioxide in the attraction of tsetse flies, <i>Glossina</i> spp. (Diptera: Glossinidae), to ox odour (1985)

Abstract In the Zambezi Valley of Zimbabwe, the numbers of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westwood and G. pallidipes Austen electrocuted on grids placed across their flight paths as they arrived at various natural and synthetic odour sources demonstrated that ox odour comprises two broad fractions of attractants. One fraction can be trapped by a charcoal filter and, in part, consists of 1-octen-3-ol. A more volatile fraction passes through the filter and, in part, consists of carbon dioxide and acetone. Levels of acetone and 1-octen-3-ol in ox odour varied considerably, up to maxima of 24 mg/h and 0·025 mg/h, respectively. Catches were roughly doubled when octenol at 0·5 mg/h was added to ox odour, but declined when the dose was increased to 50–500 mg/h. A synthetic odour consisting of 2 litres of carbon dioxide/mm, 5 mg of acetone/h and 0·05 mg of 1-octen-3-ol/h, was nearly as effective as ox odour for G. m. morsitans but only half as effective as ox odour for G. pallidipes . Increases to the doses of each attractant in the synthetic odour increased the catches, to roughly double those with ox odour. Data for other Diptera are also presented.
Critical lock analysis: Diagnosing critical section bottlenecks in multithreaded applications (2012)

Critical sections are well known potential performance bottlenecks in multithreaded applications and identifying the ones that inhibit scalability are important for performance optimizations. While previous approaches use idle time as a key measure, we show such a measure is not reliable. The reason is that idleness does not necessarily mean the critical section is on the critical path. We introduce critical lock analysis, a new method for diagnosing critical section bottlenecks in multithreaded applications. Our method firstly identifies the critical sections appearing on the critical path, and then quantifies the impact of such critical sections on the overall performance by using quantitative performance metrics. Case studies show that our method can successfully identify critical sections that are most beneficial for improving overall performance as well as quantify their performance impact on the critical path, which results in a more reliable establishment of the inherent critical section bottlenecks than previous approaches.
Molecular tagging velocimetry measurements of axial flow in a concentrated vortex core (2004)

The characteristics of the axial flow within the core of a concentrated line vortex are investigated using molecular tagging velocimetry (MTV). A well-defined array of isolated vortices of alternating sign is generated in the wake of a NACA-0012 airfoil pitching sinusoidally at small amplitude and high reduced frequencies. The circulation and peak vorticity of the vortices are varied by the choice of oscillation frequency. Interaction of these two-dimensional vortices with the walls of the test section generates an axial flow within the vortex cores. The magnitude of the axial flow and its spatial/temporal characteristics are quantified using the MTV technique. Results show that the peak axial flow speeds can be very high, of the order maximum swirl speed of the vortices. The maximum axial speed ratio (maximum axial speed normalized by maximum swirl speed) is found to vary in the range 0.6–1.0 for the parameters investigated here. Initially, the axial flow is spatially confined in isolated structures corresponding to the core of vortices. As the vortex convects downstream, however, the spatial structure of axial flow changes from isolated regions to a continuous region for the highest reduced frequency investigated here. This change in structure is correlated with a significant decrease in the peak axial flow speed.
Fusion of biometric systems using Boolean combination: an application to iris-based authentication (2012)

To improve accuracy and reliability, Boolean combination (BC) can efficiently integrate the responses of multiple biometric systems in the ROC space. However, BC techniques assume that recognition systems are conditionally-independent and that their ROC curves are convex. These assumptions are rarely valid in practice, where systems face complex environments, and are designed using limited enrollment data. In recent research, the authors have introduced an Iterative BC (IBC) technique that applies all Boolean functions iteratively, without prior assumptions. In this paper, IBC is considered for fusion of different commercial biometric systems at the decision level. Performance of IBC is assessed for biometric authentication applications in which the operational response of unimodal iris-base systems are combined. Experiments performed with four different commercial systems using anonymised data collected by the Canada Border Services Agency indicate that IBC fusion with interpolation can significantly outperform related BC techniques and individual systems.
Observation of threshold voltage instabilities in AlGaN/GaN MIS HEMTs (2014)

We report the investigation of threshold voltage (Vth) instability of AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator–semiconductor (MIS) HEMTs with SiN gate dielectric under forward gate bias stress. A systematic step stress-recovery experiment is implemented to study the charging and discharging kinetics of pre-existing defects. A two-step trapping process is identified: electron fast trapping into SiN/ GaN interface by tunneling through the thin GaN/AlGaN layer followed by the slow dynamics featuring a logarithmic time-dependence of the Vth shift. Full and fast recovery of the Vth instability is induced when devices are subjected to a large negative gate bias, while a slow and incomplete detrapping process occurs at Vg = 0 V. In addition, pulsed current–voltage measurements are developed to estimate trap densities and monitor defect generation before and after stressing.
Nuclear localization signal and cell synchrony enhance gene targeting efficiency in primary fetal fibroblasts (2004)

The use of primary somatic cells in nuclear transfer procedure has opened a new opportunity to manipulate domestic animal genomes via homologous recombination. To date, while a few loci have been targeted in somatic cells using similar enrichment strategies as those used in mouse ES cells, there have been problems of low efficiency, mixed targeted and non-targeted cells within a colony and difficulties in cloning the cell after targeting. Utilizing the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) as a test locus, it was determined that while no targeted colonies were identified using a conventional targeting construct, an average of 1 per million targeted cells were identified when a nuclear localization signal (nls) was added to the construct. When the nls was combined with cell synchronization using a thymidine block, targeting efficiency increased 7-fold. Moreover, the number of random integrants decreased by over 54-fold resulting in a 1:3 targeted to random integration ratio. This method should facilitate the application of homologous recombination to primary somatic cells.
Cancer and the bromodomains of BAF180 (2012)

Chromatin remodelling complexes alter the structure of chromatin and have central roles in all DNA-templated activities, including regulation of gene expression and DNA repair. Mutations in subunits of the PBAF (polybromo/Brg1-associated factor) or SWI/SNF-B remodelling complex, including BAF180, are frequently associated with cancer. There are six potential acetyl-lysine-binding BDs (bromodomains) in BAF180, which may function to target the PBAF complex to promoters or sites of DNA repair. In the present review, we discuss what is currently known about the BDs of BAF180 and their potential significance in cancer.