gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep apnea in patients with postpolio syndrome (1998)

We studied sleep architecture and sleep apnea pattern in patients with postpolio syndrome (PPS). Ten patients with clinical signs of PPS underwent polysomnographic recording for two consecutive nights. Although sleep efficiency and proportions of sleep stages were within the normal range, sleep architecture was disrupted owing to sleep apnea. Patients with bulbar involvement had more frequent sleep apnea (mean sleep apnea index, 11.09) than patients without (apnea index, 5.88). The former also had significantly more central apnea, which occurred more commonly during non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) than rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, than those without bulbar signs. This finding suggests reduction in forebrain control of compromised bulbar respiratory centers during NREM sleep in PPS.
Effects of plant protection chemicals on vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizas (1981)

Abstract The effects of eight plant protection chemicals on the development of vesiculararbuscular mycorrhizas were influenced by the identity of the host plant and fungal endophyte, the soil type, and the composition and concentration of the biocide. These effects ranged from stimulatory (as with the fungicide chloroneb, applied to inocula of Glomus microcarpus used with pot‐grown lettuce), through negligible (aldicarb on G. mosseae in pot‐grown onions and field grown barley with indigenous mycorrhizal fungi) to short‐term inhibition (drazoxolon on G. mosseae in onion) and longer term inhibition (the fungicides benomyl and triadimefon on G. mosseae in onion).
Efficacy of Protectivedecontaminating Ointments Based on Polyethylene Glycol in Rats Percutaneously Poisoned with Thickened Soman (1993)

Some protective-decontaminating ointments based on polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights were tested per se and with the added active ingredient oxime N-octylpyridinium-4-aldoximebromide (OPAB) against percutaneous poisoning with a thickened formulation of the nerve gas soman, in rats after 60 min exposure. Ointments consisting of low-molecular-weight PEGs (O1) proved to be the most efficient regardless of oxime addition. In the combination of lower- and medium-molecular-weight PEGs (O2) or lower- and higher-molecular weight PEGs (O3), the addition of oxime significantly improved their effectiveness.
Diamond chemical-vapor deposition on optical fibers for fluorescence waveguiding (2005)

A technique has been developed for depositing diamond crystals on the endfaces of optical fibers and capturing the fluorescence generated by optically active defects in diamond into the fiber. This letter details the diamond growth on optical fibers and transmission of fluorescence through the fiber from the nitrogen-vacancy color center in diamond. Control of the concentration of defects incorporated during the chemical vapor deposition growth process is also demonstrated. These are critical steps in developing a fiber coupled single-photon source based on optically active defect centers in diamond.
The transcriptome of human oocytes (2006)

The identification of genes and deduced pathways from the mature human oocyte can help us better understand oogenesis, folliculogenesis, fertilization, and embryonic development. Human metaphase II oocytes were used within minutes after removal from the ovary, and its transcriptome was compared with a reference sample consisting of a mixture of total RNA from 10 different normal human tissues not including the ovary. RNA amplification was performed by using a unique protocol. Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 GeneChip arrays were used for hybridizations. Compared with reference samples, there were 5,331 transcripts significantly up-regulated and 7,074 transcripts significantly down-regulated in the oocyte. Of the oocyte up-regulated probe sets, 1,430 have unknown function. A core group of 66 transcripts was identified by intersecting significantly up-regulated genes of the human oocyte with those from the mouse oocyte and from human and mouse embryonic stem cells. GeneChip array results were validated using RT-PCR in a selected set of oocyte-specific genes. Within the up-regulated probe sets, the top overrepresented categories were related to RNA and protein metabolism, followed by DNA metabolism and chromatin modification. This report provides a comprehensive expression baseline of genes expressed in in vivo matured human oocytes. Further understanding of the biological role of these genes may expand our knowledge on meiotic cell cycle, fertilization, chromatin remodeling, lineage commitment, pluripotency, tissue regeneration, and morphogenesis.
Spatial optical beam steering with an AlGaAs integrated phased array (1993)

A passive spatial light beam deflector based on a channel waveguide phased-array concept is presented. Diffraction gratings patterned by electron-beam lithography couple light into and out of the device. Phasing is achieved electro-optically with indium tin oxide/AlGaAs Shottky junctions. Discrete beam steering is first demonstrated with a 43-element rib waveguide array at an 850-nm wavelength. A sawtooth electrode keeps the device length short and the electrode surface small. Continuous deflection over a ±7.2 mrad range at a 900-nm wavelength is then reported. A set of seven sawtooth and offset electrodes permits addressing any point within this range. The beam has a width of 1.5 mrad, and the maximum modulation voltage is -8.5 V.
Immunochemical Studies of Elastase and Antielastase (1962)

Summary In quantitative precipitin studies with elastase and antielastase serum, the maximum amount of precipitate developed in the region of slight antigen excess. With a greater excess of elastase, soluble complexes were formed. Studies on the inhibition of the enzymatic activity of elastase were conducted with antielastase γ-globulin using elastolysis as an index of enzymatic activity. The antigen-antibody precipitates were completely inert; the elastolytic activity of the supernatants was inversely proportional to the amount of antielastase γ-globulin used.
Case 29-2012 (2012)

A 49-year-old man had fever, pain, and cranial-nerve deficits 4 days after completion of chemoradiation for squamous-cell cancer of the oral cavity. Imaging revealed dural thickening and abnormalities of the cavernous sinuses and skull base.
Short Communication: Effects of Increased Expression of α-Lactalbumin In Transgenic Mice on Milk Yield and Pup Growth (2001)

Lactose synthase (a complex of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase and alpha-lactalbumin) forms lactose in the Golgi complex of mammary epithelial cells. To determine whether alpha-lactalbumin is a limiting component in this complex, transgenic mice that expressed bovine alpha-lactalbumin were studied. Transgenic mice produced 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml of bovine alpha-lactalbumin in their milk, 5- to 15-fold more alpha-lactalbumin than in milk of control mice. Transgenic and control mice produced milk with the same concentrations of lactose, cream, and total solids, and showed similar mammary gland growth, morphology, and histology. Milk from transgenic mice had 0.6% less protein than milk from control mice (P < 0.05). The in vitro lactose synthase activity in mammary gland homogenates from alpha-lactalbumin transgenic mice was increased (P < 0.05), demonstrating that bovine alpha-lactalbumin could interact with murine beta1,4-galactosyltransferase. Pups reared by lactating transgenic mice showed a 4% increase in growth on d 10 of lactation, suggesting that milk production was increased (P = 0.06). Milk volume, estimated using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique, tended to be higher (although not significantly) in transgenic mice (P = 0.11). These results suggest that augmenting alpha-lactalbumin expression in the dam increases the growth of suckling offspring.
Fed-batch production of baker's yeast using millet (Pennisetum typhoides) flour hydrolysate as the carbon source (1996)

A fermentation medium based on millet (Pennisetum typhoides) flour hydrolysate and a four-phase feeding strategy for fed-batch production of baker's yeast,Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are presented. Millet flour was prepared by dry-milling and sieving of whole grain. A 25% (w/v) flour mash was liquefied with a thermostable 1,4-α-d-glucanohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.1) in the presence of 100 ppm Ca2+, at 80°C, pH 6.1–6.3, for 1 h. The liquefied mash was saccharified with 1,4-α-d-glucan glucohydrolase (EC 3.2.1.3) at 55°C, pH 5.5, for 2 h. An average of 75% of the flour was hydrolysed and about 82% of the hydrolysate was glucose. The feeding profile, which was based on a model with desired specific growth rate range of 0.18–0.23 h−1, biomass yield coefficient of 0.5 g g−1 and feed substrate concentration of 200 g L−1, was implemented manually using the millet flour hydrolysate in test experiments and glucose feed in control experiments. The fermentation off-gas was analyzed on-line by mass spectrometry for the calculation of carbon dioxide production rate, oxygen up-take rate and the respiratory quotient. Off-line determination of biomass, ethanol and glucose were done, respectively, by dry weight, gas chromatography and spectrophotometry. Cell mass concentrations of 49.9–51.9 g L−1 were achieved in all experiments within 27 h of which the last 15 h were in the fedbatch mode. The average biomass yields for the millet flour and glucose media were 0.48 and 0.49 g g−1, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the dough-leavening activities of the products of the test and the control media and a commercial preparation of instant active dry yeast. Millet flour hydrolysate was established to be a satisfactory low cost replacement for glucose in the production of baking quality yeast.
The printable motor the trick is to use circuit board traces for coils - [Resources] (2018)

I started out by just wanting to make a very small drone. But I quickly realized that there was a limiting factor in just how small and light I could make any design: the motors. Even small motors are still discrete packages that have to be attached to all the other electronic and structural elements. So I began wondering if there was a way to merge these elements and save some mass. • I drew inspiration from how some radio systems antennas made from the copper traces on a printed circuit board (PCB). Could I use something similar to create a magnetic field strong enough to drive a motor? I decided to see if I could build a motor of the axial flux type using electromagnetic coils fashioned from a PCB's traces. In an axial flux motor, the electromagnetic coils forming the motor's stator are mounted parallel to a disk-shaped rotor. Permanent magnets are embedded in the disk of the rotor. Driving the stator coils with alternating current causes the rotor to spin. • The first challenge was making sure I could create enough magnetic flux to turn the rotor. It's simple enough to pattern a flat spiral coil trace and run current through it, but I limited my motor to a diameter of 16 millimeters, so that the overall motor diameter was comparable to that of the smallest off-the-shelf brushless motors. Sixteen millimeters meant I could fit only about 10 turns per spiral and 6 coi ls in total, arranged under the disk of the rotor. Ten turns just isn't enough to produce a sufficient magnetic field. But the nice thing about PCBs is that it's pretty easy today to make one with multiple layers. By printing stacks of coils, with coils on each of four layers, I was able to get 40 turns per coil, enough to turn a rotor.
Wideband modem design based on multirate filter banks (2002)

A new approach for the architecture of an all digital wideband modem is presented. The key feature of this approach is a lower processing rate than the Nyquist rate (the input sampling rate) and even the symbol rate. Due to the freedom in choosing the processing rate, the designer is able to arbitrarily select and use digital components, independent of the speed of the integrated circuit technology. This architecture is particularly suited for high data rates with applications to giga-bit/second satellite channels, multiple access, optical links and interactive cable-TV.
Efficient Implementations of Multiple Bit Burst Error Correction for Memories (2018)

Soft error induced by space radiation particles can cause serious threat for memories that are widely used in the electronic system of aerospace task. This can corrupt the stored data and cause the system failure. Error correction codes (ECCs) as a system-level radiation hardened method are commonly applied to protect the memories. With the development in process technology, the memory cell becomes smaller and the density increases. One radiation event can include more memory cells leading to multiple bit upset (MBUs). In this case, more advanced ECC such as matrix codes are used to ensure the data correction. However, as the correction ability enhanced, the overhead caused by the parity bits also increases. In this paper, a scheme that interleaves the simple x-bit burst error codes is presented. It not only has more advanced correction ability up to 6-bit or 12-bit burst error correction, but also has lower redundancy. The result shows that the implementation for MBUs is efficient but at the cost of a little decoding delay increase that is tolerant in some applications.
Identification and Characterization of Phenylpyruvate Decarboxylase Genes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2003)

Catabolism of amino acids via the Ehrlich pathway involves transamination to the corresponding alpha-keto acids, followed by decarboxylation to an aldehyde and then reduction to an alcohol. Alternatively, the aldehyde may be oxidized to an acid. This pathway is functional in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, since during growth in glucose-limited chemostat cultures with phenylalanine as the sole nitrogen source, phenylethanol and phenylacetate were produced in quantities that accounted for all of the phenylalanine consumed. Our objective was to identify the structural gene(s) required for the decarboxylation of phenylpyruvate to phenylacetaldehyde, the first specific step in the Ehrlich pathway. S. cerevisiae possesses five candidate genes with sequence similarity to genes encoding thiamine diphosphate-dependent decarboxylases that could encode this activity: YDR380w/ARO10, YDL080C/THI3, PDC1, PDC5, and PDC6. Phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity was present in cultures grown with phenylalanine as the sole nitrogen source but was absent from ammonia-grown cultures. Furthermore, the transcript level of one candidate gene (ARO10) increased 30-fold when phenylalanine replaced ammonia as the sole nitrogen source. Analyses of phenylalanine catabolite production and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase enzyme assays indicated that ARO10 was sufficient to encode phenylpyruvate decarboxylase activity in the absence of the four other candidate genes. There was also an alternative activity with a higher capacity but lower affinity for phenylpyruvate. The candidate gene THI3 did not itself encode an active phenylpyruvate decarboxylase but was required along with one or more pyruvate decarboxylase genes (PDC1, PDC5, and PDC6) for the alternative activity. The K(m) and V(max) values of the two activities differed, showing that Aro10p is the physiologically relevant phenylpyruvate decarboxylase in wild-type cells. Modifications to this gene could therefore be important for metabolic engineering of the Ehrlich pathway.
Controlling the elastic modulus of cellulose nanofibril hydrogels—scaffolds with potential in tissue engineering (2014)

Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) form hydrogels at low concentrations. These hydrogels are held together by transient interactions such as entanglement of fibrils, non-specific ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds; and are thus vulnerable for changes in the chemical environment or the influence of mechanical forces. By a covalent crosslinking of the fibrils, stable permanent gels can be formed. In this study we have produced CNF by using TEMPO mediated oxidation followed by fibrillation. During this procedure, carboxyl and aldehyde groups are introduced on the CNF surfaces. The aldehyde groups are suitable sites for crosslinking, as aldehydes readily form covalent bonds to primary amines through formation of Schiff bases. For this purpose the diamines ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine, differing with four carbon atoms in the chain, were used as crosslinker molecules. The results show that by varying the concentration and length of the crosslinker molecules, the elastic modulus of the gels could be controlled. The reversible gels were in this way transformed to irreversible gels by a simple water based reaction. Controlling gel strength is one important premise for the use of CNF in applications such as tissue engineering.
Track squeeze using adaptive intertrack interference equalization (2002)

A new maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) technique to reduce the effects of intertrack interference (ITI) is presented. As track densities increase, ITI and offtrack interference (OTI) occur and have detrimental effects on the performance of current MLSD decoders. A solution, described in this paper, is to perform MLSD with an adaptive ITI equalizer constructed within the decoder trellis.
Characterization of group B streptococcal invasion in HEp-2 epithelial cells (2006)

The invasion of group B streptococci (GBS) in HEp-2 epithelial cells was analyzed by electron microscopy and a quantitative antibiotic survival assay. Invasion of GBS involved intimate attachment of streptococcal chains, engulfment of the adherent bacteria by cellular protrusions, entry of the bacteria in a 'polar' fashion and formation of membrane-bound vacuoles in which most of the intracellular streptococci resided. At later stages of infection bacteria were also found free in the cytoplasm. Efficient uptake of streptococci by HEp-2 cells occurred within 20 min and live intracellular bacteria were detectable up to 48 h post-infection. Invasion of GBS required activation of the eukaryotic actin microfilament system involving, at least partially, protein kinase signal transduction pathways. Invasion was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by decreasing extracellular Ca2+ levels as well as by substances known to interfere with eukaryotic calcium regulatory systems. These results suggest that GBS invade HEp-2 cells by triggering calcium-dependent phagocytosis-like internalization mechanisms and persist intracellularly both in vacuoles and free in the cytoplasm.
Age-related decline in striatal dopamine transporter binding with iodine-123-beta-CITSPECT. (1995)

These findings confirm postmortem reports of dopamine transporter loss with aging. In vivo methodologies may permit the age-related degeneration of dopamine nerve terminals to be studied in relation to the cognitive and motor deficits that occur in normal aging.
The calcium-binding protein S100P in normal and malignant human tissues (2008)

Based on our observations, S100P is widely expressed in both normal and malignant tissues. The high expression in some tumors suggests that it may represent a potential target molecule for future diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Biochemical Characterization and Crystal Structures of a Fungal Family 3 β-Glucosidase, Cel3A from Hypocrea jecorina (2014)

Cellulase mixtures from Hypocrea jecorina are commonly used for the saccharification of cellulose in biotechnical applications. The most abundant β-glucosidase in the mesophilic fungus Hypocrea jecorina is HjCel3A, which hydrolyzes the β-linkage between two adjacent molecules in dimers and short oligomers of glucose. It has been shown that enhanced levels of HjCel3A in H. jecorina cellulase mixtures benefit the conversion of cellulose to glucose. Biochemical characterization of HjCel3A shows that the enzyme efficiently hydrolyzes (1,4)- as well as (1,2)-, (1,3)-, and (1,6)-β-D-linked disaccharides. For crystallization studies, HjCel3A was produced in both H. jecorina (HjCel3A) and Pichia pastoris (Pp-HjCel3A). Whereas the thermostabilities of HjCel3A and Pp-HjCel3A are the same, Pp-HjCel3A has a higher degree of N-linked glycosylation. Here, we present x-ray structures of HjCel3A with and without glucose bound in the active site. The structures have a three-domain architecture as observed previously for other glycoside hydrolase family 3 β-glucosidases. Both production hosts resulted in HjCel3A structures that have N-linked glycosylations at Asn(208) and Asn(310). In H. jecorina-produced HjCel3A, a single N-acetylglucosamine is present at both sites, whereas in Pp-HjCel3A, the P. pastoris-produced HjCel3A enzyme, the glycan chains consist of 8 or 4 saccharides. The glycosylations are involved in intermolecular contacts in the structures derived from either host. Due to the different sizes of the glycosylations, the interactions result in different crystal forms for the two protein forms.
Exploiting GPU Direct Access to Non-Volatile Memory to Accelerate Big Data Processing (2020)

The amount of data being collected for analysis is growing at an exponential rate. Along with this growth comes increasing necessity for computation and storage. Researchers are addressing these needs by building heterogeneous clusters with CPUs and computational accelerators such as GPUs equipped with high I/O bandwidth storage devices. One of the main bottlenecks of such heterogeneous systems is the data transfer bandwidth to GPUs when running I/O intensive applications. The traditional approach gets data from storage to the host memory and then transfers it to the GPU, which can limit data throughput and processing and thus degrade the end-to-end performance. In this paper, we propose a new framework to address the above issue by exploiting Peer-to-Peer Direct Memory Access to allow GPU direct access of the storage device and thus enhance the performance for parallel data processing applications in a heterogeneous big-data platform. Our heterogeneous cluster is supplied with CPUs and GPUs as computing resources and Non-Volatile Memory express (NVMe) drives as storage resources. We deploy an Apache Spark platform to execute representative data processing workloads over this heterogeneous cluster and then adopt Peer-to-Peer Direct Memory Access to connect GPUs to non-volatile storage directly to optimize the GPU data access. Experimental results reveal that this heterogeneous Spark platform successfully bypasses the host memory and enables GPUs to communicate directly to the NVMe drive, thus achieving higher data transfer throughput and improving both data communication time and end-to-end nerformance by 20%.
The geophysical investigation of drilling obstacles for microtunneling projects by means of GPR (1994)

Up to now the experience gained shows that the GPR measuring process is best suited to be used for geophysical pre-study of microtunnelling routes. Such pre-studying of drilling routes often means that the GPR-technology has to be used to the limits ofits performance capacity. Inspite ofthe high values of signal absorption in loamy soils as well as loss due to scattering in inhomogeneous piling, the task is to detect utilities as far as possible without exception and to localize precisely changes in soil structures underground. Considering the relatively high degree of lateral and vertical variation of GPR-sections in the direct surroundings of urbane infrastructures, the GPR-geophysicist is faced with a demanding task, whereby the experience gained under similar circumstances play an important role. Diverse detection tasks are shown, representative for the area of Southern Germany and Austria. Ranging from the detection of pipes in 4-channel antennae configurations, to the location of geological layers and drilling obstacles, it demonstrates a spectrum of typical cases and a survey of the application possibilities of the GPR-technology for pre-studying of drilling routes in Southern Germany and Austria.