gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uniform scattering patterns from grating–diffuser cascades for display applications (1999)

A cascade of a thick grating and a thin diffuser is shown to scatter radiation efficiently and uniformly over a wide angle. Cascading the grating with a diffuser causes the single-beam power spectrum of the diffuser to be replicated at each diffraction angle of the grating. The grating period is chosen so that the first diffraction order falls near the one-half point of the power-spectrum peak of the diffuser. The relative strengths of the diffraction orders are optimized to obtain uniformity of the resulting intensity distribution in the plane of the diffraction orders. The intensity distribution in the perpendicular plane is governed solely by the diffuser. Such a cylindrical system is considered on the basis of the requirements for projection TV's of a large horizontal span (100 degrees) and a narrower vertical span (approximately 15 degrees). Broadband illumination is studied by consideration of three simultaneously illuminating wavelengths. Experimental results are given for a cascade of a grating formed in photoresist and an etched-glass diffuser.
The Vasopressin Precursor Is Not Processed in the Hypothalamus of Wolfram Syndrome Patients with Diabetes Insipidus: Evidence for the Involvement of PC2 and 7B2 (1998)

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is characterized by optic atrophy, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, vasopressin (VP)-sensitive diabetes insipidus, and neurosensory hearing loss. Here we report a disturbance in VP precursor processing in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of WS patients. In these patients with diabetes insipidus we could hardly detect any cellular immunoreactivity for processed VP in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. On the other hand, in the paraventricular nucleus a considerable number of cells immunoreactive for the VP precursor were present. In addition, the proprotein convertase PC2 and the molecular chaperone 7B2 were absent. As expression of PC2 and 7B2 was detected in the nearby nucleus basalis of Meynert of one WS patient and in the anterior lobe of the other WS patient, the absence of the two proteins in the paraventricular nucleus was not due to mutations in their genes. These results indicate that in WS patients with diabetes insipidus, not only does VP neuron loss occur in the supraoptic nucleus, but there is also a defect in VP precursor processing.
Jóvenes y participación política: los medios en la Red y la cultura cívica (2011)

El proposito de este articulo es analizar algunos aspectos principales en relacion a los jovenes, la participacion democratica y los medios de comunicacion on line; especialmente los factores que mas directamente influyen sobre la conducta civica, asi como entender la importancia de los medios digitales en este proceso
<title>Magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching of submicron silicon trenches</title> (1991)

Submicron trench etching of single crystal was studied in a single wafer magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching system. Trenches were etched with both HBr/SiF4/NF3/Iie/02 and HBr/SiF4 etch chemistries. A detailed comparison between the two etch chemistries revealed that acceptable trench profiles could be achieved with either chemistry. The HBr/SiF4/NF3IHeIO2 chemistry was found to be much more selective to the trench hard mask. However it also exhibited a higher density of black silicon in large trench areas. Trench profile etch rate and hard mask selectivity were studied as a function of both magnetic field strength and wafer cooling with cooling producing the greater effect. Silicon loading was also found to affect the trench profiles that were obtained with either chemistry. Both of the etch processes exhibited a dependence of etch rate on trench feature size. This dependence was found to become more pronounced as the trench depth increased. Analysis of transmission electron micrograph (TEM) data as well as preliminary electrical results indicate that very little crystal damage occurs with either etch chemistry.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Direct mapping of RTL structures onto LUT-based FPGA's (1998)

The problem of mapping synthesized RTL structures onto look-up table (LUT)-based field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) is addressed in this paper. The key distinctive feature of this work is a novel approach to perform the mapping by utilizing the iterative nature of the data path components. The approach exploits the regularity of data path components by slicing the components and mapping slices of one or more connected components together. This is in contrast to other FPGA mapping techniques which start from Boolean networks. Both cost optimal and delay optimal mappings are supported. The objective in cost optimal mapping is to cover a given data path network with minimum number of CLBs. Similarly in delay optimal mapping, the objective is to reduce the number of CLB levels in the critical combinational logic paths. Implementation of these mapping techniques with LUT based FPGAs as target technology results in a significant reduction in cost (CLB count) and critical path delays (CLB levels).
Rapid Protein Anchoring into the Membranes of Mammalian Cells Using Oleyl Chain and Poly(ethylene glycol) Derivatives (2004)

The cell membrane is an important interface for communication with extracellular events, and incorporation of bioactive substances, such as antibodies and receptors, into the cell membrane may enhance the potential abilities of cells. Gene manipulation, chemical modification of membrane proteins, and cell surface painting using a GPI anchor have been performed to introduce substances into cell membranes. Furthermore, many lipid anchors have also been used to modify lipid membranes such as liposomes. In this study, we have focused on developing an easy and rapid method for anchoring of substances including macromolecular proteins into the membranes of living mammalian cells. We employed a single oleyl chain derivative coupled with hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG90, the ethyleneoxide (EO) unit is 90) to facilitate solubilization in water. This water-soluble derivative was designated Biocompatible Anchor for Membrane (BAM). Some proteins (streptavidin, EGFP and an antibody) were coupled with BAM90 at the distal terminal of PEG and rapidly (within a few minutes) anchored into the membranes of various cells (NIH3T3, 32D, Ba/F3, hybridoma 9E10). However, the anchored BAM90 disappeared from the cell membranes within 4-5 h in serum-free culture media, and moreover, the retention time of anchoring was shortened (1-2 h) in culture medium containing 10% FBS. We further prepared a dioleylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE)-PEG derivative (DOPE-BAM80, the EO unit is 80) as a double oleyl chain derivative for comparison with the single oleyl chain derivative, BAM90. The retention time of anchored DOPE-BAM80 was longer than that of BAM90 and more than 8 h in culture media with and without 10% serum. Furthermore, the treatment time of DOPE-BAM80 for anchoring was nearly as short (within a few minutes) as that of BAM90. In addition, both types of BAMs, BAM90 and DOPE-BAM80, showed no cytotoxicity. Therefore, DOPE-BAM80 is useful for protein anchoring to cells. Although the utilization of BAM90 is considered to be limited, it is expected to useful in restricted environments, for example, in tissues such as the cornea, peritoneum, bladder, and various mucosae, which are less exposed to serum. Thus, we suggest the possibility that both types of BAM can be applied to cell surface engineering.
Mesophase Putch and Meso-Carbon Microbeads (1983)

Abstract Petroleum heavy residual oil, coal-tar, coal-liquefaction products and the like, being a mixcture of heavy hydrocarbons, are used as the industrial resources of cawrbon materials which are not likely to be replaced easily.
Interaction of antithrombin III with bovine aortic segments. Role of heparin in binding and enhanced anticoagulant activity. (1985)

Bovine antithrombin III (AT III) interaction with the luminal surface of bovine aortic segments with a continuous layer of endothelium was examined. Incubation of 125I-AT III with vessel segments, previously washed free of endogenous AT III, demonstrated specific, time-dependent binding to the protease inhibitor to the endothelium. Half-maximal binding was observed at an added AT III concentration of 14 nM. Binding of 125I-AT III to the vessel wall was reversible (50% dissociated in 4 min), and addition of either heparin or Factor Xa accelerated displacement of 125I-AT III from the vessel segment. Dissociation of 125I-AT III from the vessel segment in the presence of factor Xa coincided with the formation of a Factor Xa-125I-AT III complex. Inactivation of Factor IXa and Factor Xa by AT III was facilitated in the presence of vessel segments. Pretreatment of vessel segments with highly purified Flavobacterium heparinase precluded the vessel-dependent augmentation of AT III anticoagulant activity as well as specific binding of 125I-AT III to the vessel endothelium. In contrast, pretreatment of the vessel segments with chrondroitinases (ABC or AC) had no detectable effect on 125I-AT III binding or on AT III anticoagulant activity. AT III binding to vessel segments was competitively inhibited by increasing concentration of platelet factor 4. Binding of the protease inhibitor to vessel segments was inhibited by chemical modification of AT III lysyl or tryptophan residues. These AT III derivatives retained progressive inhibitory activity. These data suggest that heparin-like molecules are present on the aortic vessel wall and mediate binding of AT III to the vessel surface, as well as enhancing the anticoagulant activity of AT III at these sites.
RESISTANCE TO XANTHOMONAS CAMPESTRIS PV. CAMPESTRIS IN BRASSICA SPP. (2000)

Six races of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris have been identified on the basis of their reactions on a series of differential Brassica genotypes. Races 1 and 4 are the most important races worldwide. Searches for resistance in a collection of Brassica oleracea (C genome) were mainly unsuccessful, but partial or total resistance to races 2, 3, 5 and 6, which are rare races, was present in a number of accessions. Strong resistance to race 4 was widespread in B. rapa (A genome) and B. napus (AC genome) indicating an A genome origin. Resistance to races 1, 3 and 4 was found in B. nigra (B genome), B. carinata (BC genome) and B. juncea (AB genome) suggesting a B genome origin. Potential race non-specific resistance was also found in these three species and in B. rapa. Resistance to races 1 and 3 is quantitative and recessive in the cabbage line Badger Inbred-16, while resistance to race 3 is controlled by a single dominant locus in several B. oleracea lines. Resistance to race 4 is controlled by a single dominant locus in B. napus and probably in B. rapa. Resistance to races 1, 3 and 4 appears to be dominant in B. nigra and B. carinata.
Improved thermal management of GaN/sapphire light-emitting diodes embedded in reflective heat spreaders (2008)

Using maskless lithography and electroforming techniques, we have demonstrated an enhanced performance of GaN/sapphire light-emitting diode (LED) embedded in a reflective copper heat spreader. The chip size and dominant wavelength of the blue emitter used in this research is 1×1 mm2 and 455 nm, respectively. The cup-shaped LED heat sink is electroformed on sapphire directly using the spin-coated photoresist coated with the Au/Cr/Ag mirror as a mold and dicing into the embedded LED with a Cu base dimension of 3×3 mm2, which effectively enhances the heat dissipation down to the metal frame and reaps the light flux generated from the side emission. With the aid of a reflective heat spreader, the encapsulated LED sample driven at 1 A yields the light output power of 700 mW and around 2.7-times increase in the wall-plug efficiency compared to that of the conventional GaN/sapphire LED. Infrared thermal images confirm the GaN/sapphire LED with more efficient heat extraction and better temperature uniformity. These results exhibit an alternative solution to thermal management of high power LED-on-sapphire samples besides the laser lift-off technique.
Elements for Stochastic Structural Perturbation of Stratigraphic Models (2007)

Whereas more and more reservoir studies use geostatistical simulations to represent petrophysical uncertainty, geological structures are often kept frozen in 3D reservoir modeling. Existing methods which eventually perturb geological structures act directly on the reservoir grid, hence are limited by current flow simulators. Instead, we use a flexible parametric model to stochastically perturb fault and horizon surfaces. We propose two methods to transfer this perturbation onto a volumetric model while maintaining its geometric consistency:<br>- A new extension of simple constrained deformation is applied to a stratigraphic grid, which can then be used in mainstream flow simulators. <br>- A method to perturb both the horizons and fault geometries in a geo-chronological model is also described. This clears the way to realistic structural uncertainty handling in new generation flow simulators.<br>
Osmium arene anticancer complexes (2010)

Drawbacks associated with anticancer chemotherapeutic cisplatin include tumour drug resistance, non-effectiveness against all tumours and lack of tumour-specificity resulting in severe side-effects (e.g. nausea, hair loss and kidney toxicity). The use of other metals such as transition metals rutheniumandosmium, may address the problems associated with platinum drugs and have received increased interest over the years. In this thesis the biological activity and aqueous solution chemistry of half-sandwichosmium (II) compounds of the type [(arene)OsII(X)(YZ)] n+ is explored. Chelating ligands containing nitrogen or nitrogen and oxygen donor atoms (N, NandN, O-chelatingligands) are investigated. It is shown that the chelating ligand has a large effect on the aqueous reactivity of the complexes. The introduction of functional groups on the chelate allowed for the ‘fine-tuning’ of the aqueous reactivity and nucleobase binding of the complexes. Also the nature of the coordinating arene was found to have an important effect on their biological activity. This could be rationalised by increased hydrophobicity with more extended arenes such as biphenylandtetrahydroanthracene, resulting in increased cellular uptake and increased cytotoxicity. Conjugating cell penetrating peptides to the complexes resulted in improved biological properties and opened a new way for functionalisation of the compounds. Several compounds reported in this thesis exhibit promising activity in the ovarian, colon and lung cancer cell lines and some could overcome cisplatin resistance in ovarian cisplatin resistant cell lines. Initial studies revealed cell death via apoptosis and the possible involvement of mitochondria in the apoptotic pathway. These results point to a novel pathway of activation for these complexes which is advantageous for addressing chemoresistance and effectiveness to oher types of cancers. This work shows that the biological properties of these compounds can be tuned by choice of ligands and also provides initial evidence for a novel pathway of activation.
Large-scale expansion and characterization of CD3+ T-cells in the Quantum® Cell Expansion System (2019)

The Quantum system has been successfully used to produce large quantities of functional T-cells at clinical dosing scale and within a short timeframe. This platform could have wide applicability for autologous and allogeneic cellular immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer.
Metal Nanorods Array Embedded Silicon Waveguide Polarization Beam Splitter (2014)

We present a polarization beam splitter with a metal nanorods array embedded between two silicon waveguides. Localized surface plasmon resonance of the metal array introduces the birefringence with short coupling length and broad bandwidth.
Fibroids and female reproduction: a critical analysis of the evidence (2007)

Observational epidemiological studies aimed at elucidating the relationship between fibroids and infertility are inconclusive due to methodological limitations. However, two main pieces of clinical evidence support the opinion that the fibroids interfere with fertility. First, in IVF cycles, the delivery rate is reduced in patients with fibroids but is not affected in patients who have undergone myomectomy. Second, even if randomized studies are lacking, surgical treatment appears to increase the pregnancy rate: approximately 50% women who undergo myomectomy for infertility, subsequently conceive. Available evidence also suggests that submucosal, intramural and subserosal fibroids interfere with fertility in decreasing order of importance. Although more limited, some data supports an impact of the number and dimension of the lesions. Drawing clear guidelines for the management of fibroids in infertile women is difficult due to the lack of large randomized trials aimed at elucidating which patients may benefit from surgery. At present, physicians should pursue a comprehensive and personalized approach clearly exposing the pros and cons of myomectomy to the patient, including the risks associated with fibroids during pregnancy on one hand, and those associated with surgery on the other hand.
Combined APFIM–TEM study of Nb(CN) precipitation in HSLA steel (1988)

The strengthening of high strength low alloy (HSLA) steel has been attributed to the strain induced formation of small carbonitride precipitates during processing that inhibit recrystallisation of the austenite and produce a fine grained steel. The size and number density of the small Nb(CN) precipitates that formed in a HSLA steel containing 0·05 wt-% Nb have been measured after various stages of the thermomechanical process by atom probe field ion microscopy (APFIM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The complementary results indicated that recrystallisation of the austenite during thermomechanical processing was inhibited by the precipitates, and that the mechanism was consistent with a subgrain boundary pinning model.MST/657
The homology concept — still alive (1995)

SummaryA typical definition of homology which allows phylogenetic inferences is “homologous features in two or more organisms are those that stem phylogenetically from the same feature in the immediate common ancestor of those organisms”.Similarity of all kind is a proper (and possibly the only) valid empirical test of homology. “Similarity” should, therefore, not be part of the definition. Shared embryological fate is just one kind of similarity which is a strong, but by no means the only, indication of homology.“Homology” and “synapomorhy” are separate concepts. They are empirically tested by different methods (similarity versus outgroup comparison). “Synapomorphy” does refer to monophyly of a certain taxon, while “homology” does not.Within a phylogenetic approach, homologizing parts of the same individual or of individuals of the same species makes no sense. Thus, “serial homology” (homonomy) is of no help in phylogenetic systematics.“Homology” can and may be defined in different ways. However, it is crucial that (1) the possible conclusions to be drawn from a statement on homology are limited by the definition, and (2) the diagnosis of homology — the empirical test — is kept strictly independent from the definition of homology.
Network Slicing - Revised Problem Statement (2017)

This document introduces Network Slicing problems and the motivation
for new work areas. It represents an initial revision of the Network
Slicing problem statement derived from the analysis of the technical
gaps in IETF protocols ecosystem. It complements and brings together
the efforts being carried out in several other IETF working groups to
achieve certain aspects of Network Slicing functions and operations.
Characterization of the cellular receptor for fibronectin through a hydropathic complementarity approach. (1988)

It has been shown that a significant correlation is seen when the hydropathy scores of amino acids encoded by the coding strand of double-helical DNA are plotted against those of the noncoding strand. Thus, peptides encoded by complementary DNA strands might form amphiphilic structures and bind one another. We have used this approach to study the interaction between fibronectin (FN) and its cell receptor. Taking into consideration the nucleotide sequence from published rat cDNA clones that corresponds to the cell binding site (Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser) in the FN molecule, the deduced amino acid sequence found for the putative receptor binding site was Trp-Thr-Val-Pro-Thr-Ala. This peptide was chemically synthesized and coupled to an AH-Sepharose column. FN bound appreciably to this column and was eluted much more efficiently by a solution of Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-containing peptide than by a solution of related but inactive Arg-Gly-Glu-Ser-containing peptide. Binding of labeled FN to receptor-rich MG63 human osteosarcoma cells was inhibited by the hexapeptide. The hexapeptide Gly-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Ala predicted similarly from the nucleotide sequence of human FN was equally efficient in such inhibition. Antibodies produced against Trp-Thr-Val-Pro-Thr-Ala recognized with equal efficiency Gly-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Ala in an ELISA assay. Furthermore, they were able to recognize a single 140-kDa band in whole-cell extracts from Chinese hamster ovary cells, attesting to their specificity. Identification of the recognized protein was provided by showing that this antibody was also able to bind to affinity-purified FN receptor from human osteosarcoma MG63 cells.
Characterisation of residual fibres from fermentation of pea and apple fibres by human faecal bacteria (1995)

Abstract Two dietary fibres with distinct structural features (pea hull and apple fibre) were fermented in vitro with human faecal bacteria. The composition and physicochemical properties (cation exchange, hydration properties) of the residues were examined. Gas and short‐chain fatty acid (SFCA) productions attested of the highest fermentability of apple fibre. After 24 h, 75% of the pea fibre and 42% of the apple fibre could be recovered. Production of the major SCFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate occured in the molar ratio 68:17:9 for both fibres. Uronic acid and arabinose were the most extensively fermented sugars while xylose and glucose were the least fermented. Cation exchange capacity of the two fibres did not decrease much during fermentation, which implies that the amount of bound mineral is proportional to the amount of residual fibres. The values of the hydration properties of the residual fibres were at least equal to or higher than those of initial fibres. In spite of the degradation of the fibres during fermentation, a physical structure able to retain water remained.