gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soil Organic Matter Accumulation in Creeping Bentgrass Greens: A Chronosequence with Implications for Management and Carbon Sequestration (2011)

Excessive organic matter (OM) accumulation in creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) putting greens, and its restriction of permeability, is one of the most difficult problems in turfgrass management. In this transition zone study, we characterized temporal and spatial aspects of OM accumulation, in an attempt to assess the effectiveness of management and to begin to uncover the processes controlling C sequestration. Root zone samples were collected from sand‐based putting greens at 49 golf courses of various ages, generating 212 individual observations. Organic matter accumulated hyperbolically over time in the top 2.5 cm; apparent critical levels of 40 g kg −1 were exceeded within 5 yr. At a depth of 2.5 to 7.6 cm, accumulation was much slower and linear over time, and critical levels were not reached even after 20 yr. Oxygen levels were never depressed more than 15%, indicating that intensive management of the upper soil profile was successfully allowing gas exchange into the root zone. Carbon accumulated in the soil profile hyperbolically, reflecting changes in the large OM pool near the soil surface. The sequestration rate of 59 g m −2 yr −1 over 25 yr was less than that observed by others examining soil under bentgrass greens in different environments. The evidence indicates that OM and C accumulation are strongly influenced by increasing microbial degradation rates as turfgrass systems age.
New Directions for Organization Theory: Problems and Prospects (1999)

This is a comprehensive analysis of the present state of organization theory. The author traces the evolution and particularly the more recent history of the field, and its scope and content. He then considers the relevant literature organized by major issues and concepts. Jeffrey Pfeffer makes the point that the world of organizations the book surveys has changed in four important ways: the increasing externalization of the employment relation and the development of the new employment contract; the change in the size distribution of organizations, with a comparative growth in the proportion of smaller organizations; the increasing influence of external capital markets on organizational governance and decision making; and the increasing salary inequality within organizations in the U.S. compared both to the past and to other industrialized nations. These changes make it especially important to understand the organizations themselves. The author is a major scholar in the field of organizations and his perspective should be of considerable interest to scholars and students in the field.
Study of Polycrystalline Bulk Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub> Double-Perovskite Insulator: Comparison with 1000 K Ferromagnetic Epitaxial Films (2020)

Polycrystalline Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub>, which is an ordered double-perovskite insulator, is synthesized via solid-state reaction under high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 1200 °C and 6 GPa. The synthesis enables us to conduct a comparative study of the bulk form of Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub> toward revealing the driving mechanism of 1000 K ferromagnetism, which has recently been discovered for epitaxially grown Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub> films. Unlike the film, the bulk is dominated by antiferromagnetism rather than ferromagnetism. Therefore, robust ferromagnetic order appears only when Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub> is under the influence of interfaces. A specific heat capacity of 39.6(9) × 10<sup>-3</sup> J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> is found at low temperatures (<17 K). This value is remarkably high, suggesting the presence of possible Fermionic-like excitations at the magnetic ground state. Although the bulk and film forms of Sr<sub>3</sub>OsO<sub>6</sub> share the same lattice basis and electrically insulating state, the magnetism is entirely different between them.
Making them behave: cognitive models for computer animation (1998)

For applications in computer game development and character animation, recent work in behavioral animation has taken impressive steps toward autonomous, self-animating characters. It remains difficult, however, to direct autonomous characters to perform specific tasks. We propose a new approach to high-level control in which the user gives the character a behavior outline, or “sketch plan”. The behavior outline specification language has syntax deliberately chosen to resemble that of a conventional imperative programming language. In terms of functionality, however, it is a strict superset. In particular, a behavior outline need not be deterministic. This added freedom allows many behaviors to be specified more naturally, more simply, more succinctly and at a much higher-level than would otherwise be possible. The character has complete autonomy to decide on how to fill in the necessary missing details. The success of our approach rests heavily on our use of a rigorous logical language, known as the situation calculus. The situation calculus is well-known, simple and intuitive to understand. The basic idea is that a character views its world as a sequence of “snapshots ” known as situations. An understanding of how the world can change from one situation to another can then be given to the character by describing what the effect of performing each given action would be. The character can use this knowledge to keep track of its world and to work out which actions to do next in order to attain its goals. The version of the situation calculus we use incorporates a new approach to representing epistemic fluents. The approach is based on interval arithmetic and addresses a number of difficulties in implementing
Query expansion for imperfect speech: applications in distributed learning (2000)

Advances in speech recognition technology have shown encouraging results for spoken document retrieval where the average precision often approaches 70% of that achieved for perfect text transcriptions. Typical applications of spoken document retrieval pertain to retrieval of stories from archived video/audio assets. In the CueVideo project, our application focus is spoken document retrieval from a video database for just-in-time training/distributed learning. Typical content is not pre-segmented, has no predefined structure, is of varying audio quality, and may not have domain specific data available. For such content, we propose a two level search, namely, a first level search across the entire video collection, and a second level search within a specific video. At both search levels, we perform an experimental evaluation of a combination of new and existing query expansion methods, intended to offset retrieval errors due to misrecognition.
Improvement of reproducible hysteresis and resistive switching in metal-La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-metal heterostructures by oxygen annealing (2007)

Materials showing reversible resistance switching between high-resistance state and low-resistance state at room temperature are attractive for today’s semiconductor technology. In this letter, the improvement of reproducible hysteresis and resistive switching characteristics of metal-La0.7Ca0.3MnO3-metal (M-LCMO-M) heterostructures is demonstrated. The fabrication of the M-LCMO-M heterostructures is compatible with the standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process. The effect of oxygen annealing on the improvement of the hysteresis and resistive switching is discussed. The good retention characteristics are exhibited in the M-LCMO-M heterostructures by the accurate controlling of the preparation parameters.
Mechanisms for just-in-time allocation of resources to adaptive parallel programs (2003)

Adaptive parallel computations-computations that can adapt to changes in resource availability and requirement-can effectively use networked machines because they dynamically expand as machines become available and dynamically acquire machines as needed. While most parallel programming systems provide the means to develop adaptive programs, they do not provide any functional interface to external resource management systems. Thus no existing resource management system has the capability to manage resources on commodity system software, arbitrating the demands of multiple adaptive computations written using diverse programming environments. This paper presents a set of novel mechanisms that facilitate dynamic allocation of resources to adaptive parallel computations. The mechanisms are built on low-level features common to many programming systems, and unique in their ability to transparently manage multiple adaptive parallel programs that were not developed to have their resources managed by external systems. We also describe the design and the implementation of the initial prototype of ResourceBroker, a resource management system built to validate these mechanisms.
Structure–Activity Relationship Study around Guanabenz Identifies Two Derivatives Retaining Antiprion Activity but Having Lost α2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonistic Activity (2014)

Guanabenz (GA) is an orally active α2-adrenergic agonist that has been used for many years for the treatment of hypertension. We recently described that GA is also active against both yeast and mammalian prions in an α2-adrenergic receptor-independent manner. These data suggest that this side-activity of GA could be explored for the treatment of prion-based diseases and other amyloid-based disorders. In this perspective, the potent antihypertensive activity of GA happens to be an annoying side-effect that could limit its use. In order to get rid of GA agonist activity at α2-adrenergic receptors, we performed a structure-activity relationship study around GA based on changes of the chlorine positions on the benzene moiety and then on the modifications of the guanidine group. Hence, we identified the two derivatives 6 and 7 that still possess a potent antiprion activity but were totally devoid of any agonist activity at α2-adrenergic receptors. Similarly to GA, 6 and 7 were also able to inhibit the protein folding activity of the ribosome (PFAR) which has been suggested to be involved in prion appearance/maintenance. Therefore, these two GA derivatives are worth being considered as drug candidates.
In vitro modulation of proliferation and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells from subjects with various forms of coccidioidomycosis (1997)

Using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from individuals with or without coccidioidal delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), we examined and attempted to modulate the in vitro responses of PBMC from various donors to the coccidioidal antigen toluene spherule lysate (TSL). Among healthy DTH-positive donors, 100 ng of human recombinant interleukin-10 (IL-10) per ml suppressed both PBMC proliferation (P = 0.01) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) and IL-12 production (for both, P < 0.05). In vitro proliferation and production of IFN-gamma and IL-12 by PBMC were significantly higher in DTH-positive donors with active coccidioidomycosis than in healthy, nonimmune controls (P < 0.05) but not in active DTH-negative donors with or without human immunodeficiency virus infection (for both, P > 0.05). Human recombinant IL-12 increased IFN-gamma production by PBMC from active, DTH-positive donors (P = 0.01) but not by PBMC from DTH-negative groups. For healthy DTH-positive donors, the median antigen-reactive cell frequency per 10(5) PBMC was 3.7, compared to 1.7 in DTH-negative donors with active coccidioidomycosis (P = 0.03). These data indicate that the in vitro TSL response is highly dependent on coccidioidal DTH. Not only do PBMC from individuals with DTH appear to respond to TSL, but their response can be modulated in vitro with either IL-10 or IL-12. On the other hand, PBMC from DTH-negative individuals do not respond in vitro to TSL and their response is not modulable, suggesting a lack of antigen response.
Synthesis and biological activity of enantio-[5-valine]malformin, a palindrome peptide (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological activity of enantio-[5-valine]malformin, a palindrome peptideMiklos Bodanszky, Glenn L. Stahl, and Roy W. CurtisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 10, 2857–2859Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00843a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00843a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predicting beauty: Fractal dimension and visual complexity in art (2010)

Visual complexity has been known to be a significant predictor of preference for artistic works for some time. The first study reported here examines the extent to which perceived visual complexity in art can be successfully predicted using automated measures of complexity. Contrary to previous findings the most successful predictor of visual complexity was Gif compression. The second study examined the extent to which fractal dimension could account for judgments of perceived beauty. The fractal dimension measure accounts for more of the variance in judgments of perceived beauty in visual art than measures of visual complexity alone, particularly for abstract and natural images. Results also suggest that when colour is removed from an artistic image observers are unable to make meaningful judgments as to its beauty.
Conservation of wilted and unwilted grass ensiled in air‐tight metal containers with and without the addition of molasses (1970)

Abstract Italian ryegrass was ensiled in gas‐tight silos in unwilted (21% dry matter) and wilted (42% dry matter) conditions without an additive and with the addition of molasses at a mean level of 8% in the dry matter. The total dry matter losses were 8·7, 7·2, 4·5 and 5·0% for unwilted, molassed unwilted, wilted, and molassed wilted grass silages respectively. The silages were all well preserved but the extent of fermentation had been reduced in the wilted silages. The losses of individual sugars during the silage process and the products of fermentation were used to assess the pathways of fermentation. The dominant pathway of fructose utilisation was by heterolactic fermentation. The addition of molasses reduced the ratio of fructose: glucose in the ensiled material and reduced the amount of mannitol produced during the ensilage process.
Multiple-phase oil-in-water emulsions (1990)

Cosmetic oil-in-water emulsions such as lotions and creams are complex multiple-phase systems. In their preparation, combinations of fatty amphiphiles (glyceryl monoesters or fatty alcohols) and ionic or nonionic surfactants are widely used. The mixed emulsifier combinations interact in the aqueous continuous phases to form lameliar or crystalline structures. These both stabilise and sometimes control the consistencies of emulsions between wide limits. There is, however, confusion as to the type of lameliar phase that forms in a specific emulsion. The majority of the literature fails to distinguish between the lamellar liquid crystalline state and the equally important lamellar gel state. Although liquid crystalline phases form in many emul-sions at the high temperatures of manufacture, these often convert to gel phases when the emulsion cools so that the properties of this phase dominate the emulsion. In this article the structures and swelling properties of the different lameliar phases that occur in emulsions are discussed, as well as the formation of other crystalline phases. Attention is given to the conditions over which each type of phase forms and, in particular, the relevance of the gel-liquid crystalline transition temperature to emulsions. It will be shown how the behaviour of many complex emulsions during manu-facture, storage, and use can be related to the component phases.
Crotalus durissus terrificus venom as a source of antitumoral agents (2010)

The basic knowledge on neoplasms is increasing quickly; however, few advances have been achieved in clinical therapy against tumors. For this reason, the development of alternative drugs is relevant in the attempt to improve prognosis and to increase patients' survival. Snake venoms are natural sources of bioactive substances with therapeutic potential. The objective of this work was to identify and characterize the antitumoral effect of Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (CV) and its polypeptide, crotoxin, on benign and malignant tumors, respectively, pituitary adenoma and glioblastoma. The results demonstrated that CV possess a powerful antitumoral effect on benign (pituitary adenoma) and malignant (glioblastoma multiforme) tumors with IC50 values of 0.96 ± 0.11 µg/mL and 2.15 ± 0.2 µg/mL, respectively. This antitumoral effect is cell-cycle-specific and dependent on extracellular calcium, an important factor for crotoxin phospholipase A2 activity. The CV antitumoral effect can be ascribed, at least partially, to the polypeptide crotoxin that also induced brain tumor cell death. In spite of the known CV nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, acute treatment with its antitumoral dose established in vitro was not found to be toxic to the analyzed animals. These results indicate the biotechnological potential of CV as a source of pharmaceutical templates for cancer therapy.
Synthesis of the Antimicrobial S‐Linked Glycopeptide, Glycocin F (2015)

The first total synthesis of glycocin F, a uniquely diglycosylated antimicrobial peptide bearing a rare S-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) moiety in addition to an O-linked GlcNAc, has been accomplished using a native chemical ligation strategy. The synthetic and naturally occurring peptides were compared by HPLC, mass spectrometry, NMR and CD spectroscopy, and their stability towards chymotrypsin digestion and antimicrobial activity were measured. This is the first comprehensive structural and functional comparison of a naturally occurring glycocin with an active synthetic analogue.
Preliminary evaluation of a single-day tubeless test of pancreatic function. (1981)

The test for pancreatic exocrine function using N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid (BTP test) does not require duodenal intubation, but misleadingly abnormal results often occur in patients with liver or bowel disease because the p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) released by chymotrypsin hydrolysis of the peptide either is not conjugated or is malabsorbed. This study evaluated a modified BTP test, using a tracer dose of 14C-PABA to eliminate misleading results, to assess exocrine function from a single six-hour collection of urine. The test clearly distinguished all patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea from normal subjects and identified patients with less severe pancreatitis as often as did the Lundh test. Furthermore, in patients with bowel or liver disease the misleadingly abnormal results of the unmodified BTP test were eliminated by the modified test in all but one case. These findings suggest that the modified BTP test provides a practical alternative to conventional tests of pancreatic function that entail duodenal intubation.
An information model for performance monitoring of broadband network termination system (2002)

Investigates a model to provide performance management information at a broadband network termination (B-NT) system. We especially study the operational measurement issues needed to provide the performance monitoring capability of the broadband network elements at the asynchronous transfer mode user-network interface (ATM UNI). First, we review the concept of a telecommunication management model applied to the ATM network. Then we study the B-ISDN management service and functions, especially the performance monitoring and control functions. Finally, we suggest an information model of the performance monitoring functions in the B-NT system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Changes in transcript abundance relating to colony collapse disorder in honey bees ( <i>Apis mellifera</i> ) (2009)

Colony collapse disorder (CCD) is a mysterious disappearance of honey bees that has beset beekeepers in the United States since late 2006. Pathogens and other environmental stresses, including pesticides, have been linked to CCD, but a causal relationship has not yet been demonstrated. Because the gut acts as a primary interface between the honey bee and its environment as a site of entry for pathogens and toxins, we used whole-genome microarrays to compare gene expression between guts of bees from CCD colonies originating on both the east and west coasts of the United States and guts of bees from healthy colonies sampled before the emergence of CCD. Considerable variation in gene expression was associated with the geographical origin of bees, but a consensus list of 65 transcripts was identified as potential markers for CCD status. Overall, elevated expression of pesticide response genes was not observed. Genes involved in immune response showed no clear trend in expression pattern despite the increased prevalence of viruses and other pathogens in CCD colonies. Microarray analysis revealed unusual ribosomal RNA fragments that were conspicuously more abundant in the guts of CCD bees. The presence of these fragments may be a possible consequence of picorna-like viral infection, including deformed wing virus and Israeli acute paralysis virus, and may be related to arrested translation. Ribosomal fragment abundance and presence of multiple viruses may prove to be useful diagnostic markers for colonies afflicted with CCD.
Natural language processing in a Japanese text-to-speech system for written-style texts (2002)

This paper introduces a Japanese text-to-speech (TTS) system, AUDIOTEX, that modifies written-style expressions for listening and generates prosodic information (Kanji reading, accent, and pause). Conventional TTS systems have several problems: most texts are written to be read with the human eye, thus they are inadequate for listening; and Kanji reading errors and accentuation errors reduce intelligibility. To solve these problems, we have developed a rewriting process for listening based on flexible tree conversion rules and a highly accurate morphological analysis which retains word candidates with an error correction environment.