gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Metabolism of 1,4-Butanediol Diglycidyl Ether-Crosslinked Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers (2013)

Clinical and biocompatibility data from longer than 15 years support the favorable clinical safety profile of BDDE-crosslinked HA and its degradation products. Given the strength of the empirical evidence, physicians should be confident in offering these products to their patients.
Effect of ADC Resolution on Low-Frequency Electrical Time-Domain Impedance Spectroscopy (2017)

Abstract In this paper, the effect of the resolution of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) on the accuracy of timedomain low-frequency electrical impedance spectroscopy is examined. For the first time, we demonstrated that different wideband stimuli signals used for impedance spectroscopy have different sensitivities to the resolution of ADC used in impedance spectroscopy systems. We also proposed Ramp and Half-Gaussian signals as new wideband stimulating signals for EIS. The effect of ADC resolution was studied for Sinc, Gaussian, Half-Gaussian, and Ramp excitation signals using both simulation and experiments. We found that Ramp and Half-Gaussian signals have the best performance, especially at low frequencies. Based on the results, a wideband electrical impedance spectroscopy circuit was implemented with a high accuracy at frequencies bellow 10 Hz.
Time-correlated single-electron tunneling in one-dimensional arrays of ultrasmall tunnel junctions (1989)

We have obtained convincing experimental evidence of the time correlation of single-electron tunneling (SET) events, i.e., of SET oscillations with the average frequency ${f}_{s}$ fundamentally related as ${f}_{s}$=I/e to the dc current I. The experiments have been carried out with one-dimensional N-junction arrays of Al/oxide/Al tunnel junctions of area S\ensuremath{\approxeq}0.006 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ at T\ensuremath{\approxeq}60 mK. The correlation showed up as resonance peaks of the dynamic resistance dV/dI as a function of I, arising at I=${I}_{n}$=nef (n=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1 and \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2) at irradiation of the N=15 and 19 samples by microwaves of frequency f=0.7--5 GHz.
Unmanned aerial vehicles routing problem (2014)

The article deals with the problem of optimal routing for unmanned aerial vehicles. The unmanned aerial vehicle flights are planned for different purposes. In our article we deal with the situation when the unmanned aerial vehicle flights are planned to search for objects located in some predefined areas. These objects can represent, for example, a lost aircraft or a group of missing people. In the design of the model we suppose that the areas, in which the objects could be found with high probability, are identifiable. The article presents a mathematical model for solving the defined problem and an experiment which is used to validate the functionality of the model. The model is designed by means of mathematical programming methods.
Magnetization dynamics driven by the combined action of ac magnetic field and dc spin-polarized current (2006)

The spin-polarized current flowing through a ferromagnet can apply a torque able to drive magnetization reversal or to excite persistent dynamical states of magnetization. In the present work we simulate the dynamic behavior of nanomagnets in nanopillar spin valve structures due to the combined action of ac magnetic fields and dc spin-polarized current. The simulations are performed using a micromagnetic model which includes the effect of the spin-polarized current. We also discuss possible experimental realizations of the ac-field-assisted current-induced switching. Two particular cases of the ac-field polarization are studied: circular and linear. We find that in both cases ac field accelerates the switching process.
Experimental Observations on Dissolution of Uric Acid Calculi (1985)

An in vitro model was devised to evaluate the efficacy of the different irrigating solutions utilized for local dissolution of uric acid stones. Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane proved to be several times faster than sodium bicarbonate in dissolving uric acid calculi. The maximal dissolution rate was obtained when the highest pH (10.5) of Tris buffer was used in concentrations at or above 0.2 M. This makes the commercially available THAM-E an optimal choice. Stones averaging 1 cm. in diameter were dissolved in less than 48 hours when this compound was used. Sodium bicarbonate should only be used in solutions with concentrations lower than 0.2 M and pH below 9, if some dissolution is to be attempted. Concentrations and pH's above these levels will coat the stones with hard shells of sodium urate, making it impossible to dissolve them. The in vitro findings were confirmed in vivo in a limited study in pigs with human uric acid calculi surgically placed in their kidneys. Our results indicate how to make the best use of the solutions clinically available in order to obtain total dissolution of uric acid stones in short periods of time. We recommend the use of a 0.3 molar concentration of this buffer (THAM-E) at flow rates of about 50 cc per hour.
Microsoft® Office FrontPage® 2003 Inside Out (2003)

Introduction Planning Your web site Editing basic page content Creating web sites automatically Publishing web sites Formatting your web pages Creating web pictures Incorporating advanced content Using forma & databases Teams & workgroups Working directly with code Customizing your copy of Frontpage CD contains demos
Mechanism of the Alternating Copolymerization of Epoxides and CO<sub>2</sub> Using <i>β</i>-Diiminate Zinc Catalysts:  Evidence for a Bimetallic Epoxide Enchainment (2003)

A series of zinc beta-diiminate (BDI) complexes and their solid-state structures, solution dynamics, and copolymerization behavior with CO(2) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) are reported. Stoichiometric reactions of the copolymerization initiation steps show that zinc alkoxide and bis(trimethylsilyl)amido complexes insert CO(2), whereas zinc acetates react with CHO. [(BDI-2)ZnOMe](2) [(BDI-2) = 2-((2,6-diethylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] and (BDI-1)ZnO(i)Pr [(BDI-1) = 2-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] react with CO(2) to form [(BDI-2)Zn(mu-OMe)(mu,eta(2)-O(2)COMe)Zn(BDI-2)] and [(BDI-1)Zn(mu,eta(2)-O(2)CO(i)Pr)](2), respectively. (BDI-2)ZnN(SiMe(3))(2) inserts CO(2) and eliminates trimethylsilyl isocyanate to give [(BDI-2)Zn(mu-OSiMe(3))](2). [(BDI-7)Zn(mu-OAc)](2) [(BDI-7) = 3-cyano-2-((2,6-diethylphenyl)amido)-4-((2,6-diethylphenyl)imino)-2-pentene] reacts with 1.0 equiv of CHO to yield [(BDI-7)Zn(mu,eta(2)-OAc)(mu,eta(1)-OCyOAc)Zn(BDI-7)]. Under typical polymerization conditions, rate studies on the copolymerization exhibit no dependence in [CO(2)], a first-order dependence in [CHO], and orders in [Zn](tot) ranging from 1.0 to 1.8 for [(BDI)ZnOAc] complexes. The copolymerizations of CHO (1.98 M in toluene) and 300 psi CO(2) at 50 degrees C using [(BDI-1)ZnOAc] and [(BDI-2)ZnOAc] show orders in [Zn](tot) of 1.73 +/- 0.06 and 1.02 +/- 0.03, respectively. We propose that two zinc complexes are involved in the transition state of the epoxide ring-opening event.
Water condensation on a super-hydrophobic spike surface (2006)

Condensation-induced water drop growth was studied on a super-hydrophobic spike surface. The dynamics are described by three main stages depending on the size of the drop with respect to the different spike pattern length scales. The initial stage is characterized by nucleation of the drops at the bottom (cavities) of the spikes. During the intermediate stage, large drops are surrounded by smaller drops within the neighboring cavities in what is described as a "bright ring". This ring persists until coalescence occurs with the central drop. The last stage is characterized by Wenzel-type drops growing with scaling laws similar to that on a planar surface but with contact angle θ* ≈ 111°, lower than for deposited drops (θ = 164°). Condensation on spike surfaces does not retain anything of super-hydrophobicity, in contrast to super-hydrophobic square and strip patterns.
Effect of Catalyst Shape and Etchant Composition on Etching Direction in Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon to Fabricate 3D Nanostructures (2009)

Metal-assisted chemical etching (MaCE) of silicon in conjunction with shaped catalysts was used to fabricate 3D nanostructures such as sloping channels, cycloids, and spirals along with traditional vertical channels. The investigation used silver nanorods, nanodonuts along with electron beam lithography (EBL)-patterned gold nanodiscs, nanolines, squares, grids, and star-shaped catalysts to show how catalyst shape and line width directly influence etching direction. Feature sizes ranging from micrometers down to 25 nm were achieved with aspect ratios of at least 10:1 and wall roughness of 10 nm or less. This research demonstrates the potential of MaCE as a new, maskless nanofabrication technology.
New immunosuppresor strategies in the treatment of murine lupus nephritis (2007)

Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus is a common complication that significantly worsens morbidity and mortality. Although treatment with corticosteroids and cytotoxic drugs may be useful in many cases, morbidity associated with these drugs and the relapsing nature of the disease make it necessary to develop new treatment strategies. Five-month old female NZB/W F1 mice were divided into the following groups: CYP group (n = 10), cyclophosphamide (CYP) 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally every 10 days; RAPA 1 group (n = 10) oral daily sirolimus (SRL), 1 mg/kg; RAPA 12 group (n = 13), oral daily SRL, 12mg/kg; FTY group (n = 10), oral fingolimod (FTY720), 2 mg/kg three times per week. An additional group of 13 non-treated mice were used as a control (control group). Follow-up was performed over four months. Animal survival, body weight, anti-DNA antibodies and proteinuria were determined. Kidneys were processed for conventional histology and immunofluorescence for IgG and complement. Total histological score (HS) was the sum of mesangial expansion, endocapillary proliferation glomerular deposits, extracapillary proliferation, interstitial infiltrates, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. All treated groups had lower proteinuria at the end of the follow-up with respect to the control group (P < 0.0001). Serum anti-DNA antibodies were appropriately controlled in RAPA 1 and CYP groups, but not in FTY or RAPA 12 groups. SRL and CYP arrested, and perhaps reversed almost all histological lesions. FTY720 ameliorated histological lesions but did not control mesangial expansion or interstitial infiltrates. SRL produces great improvement in murine lupus nephritis, while FTY720 seems a promising alternative if used in appropriate doses.
Cellulose based electro-active papers: performance and environmental effects (2006)

Electro-active paper (EAPap) is attractive as an electro-active polymer (EAP) actuator material due to its low weight, dry condition, large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption and biodegradability. EAPap is made from cellulose. Cellulose fibre is dissolved into a solution and made into a sheet, then thin electrodes are deposited on the cellulose paper to make an EAPap actuator. The performance of EAPap actuators was evaluated in terms of tip displacement, blocking force and electrical power consumption. The maximum tip displacement of 4.3?mm was obtained from a 40?mm long EAPap actuator when 0.25?kV?mm?1 was applied. This actuation voltage is quite low compared with other electronic EAP materials. The effect of the environment in terms of humidity and temperature was also investigated. When the relative humidity was increased up to 95%, the tip displacement increased. When the temperature was increased the displacement slowly increased and then gradually decreased after the temperature reached 30??C. These measurements were performed under a variety of environmental and input factors including frequency, actuation voltage, temperature and humidity.
Proceedings of the Mobile Satellite Conference (1988)

A satellite-based mobile communications system provides voice and data communications to mobile users over a vast geographic area. The technical and service characteristics of mobile satellite systems (MSSs) are presented and form an in-depth view of the current MSS status at the system and subsystem levels. Major emphasis is placed on developments, current and future, in the following critical MSS technology areas: vehicle antennas, networking, modulation and coding, speech compression, channel characterization, space segment technology and MSS experiments. Also, the mobile satellite communications needs of government agencies are addressed, as is the MSS potential to fulfill them.
Air movement and thermal comfort (1993)

ASHRAEecent HVAC design innovations, energy conservation concerns and new laboratory data on drafrs have brought substantial attention to the issue of acceptable lEvels ol air movement in office environments.Air movement may provide desirable cooling in u,alm conditions, but it may also increase the risk of unacceptably cool drafts.Detectable air movement may be perceived by the occupants as providing freshness and pleasantness to the breathing air, ya it may also be perceived as annoying.Clearlll a specific air speed has many possible physiological and subjective consequences.These range from a pleasant sense of coolness to an unpleasant sense of dnft, depending on the air emperaturg mean radiant ternpeftlturg humidit"v, clothing, metabolic rate and air movement preference of the occupant.Since the turn of the century, ASH-RAE and thermal comfon rerarchers have worked to define levels of air movement that are accepuble to the widest possible group oi indiriduals within an evolving architectural serting, and to incorporate these results into an indoor elvironmental standard.This anicle outlines the current state of this discussion.Referenceis also made to research investigating the effect of air movement on thermal comfort and the dwelopment of air velocity limits in the latesr ASHRAE thermal comfort standard.
CoWP as a Drift Barrier for Cu Ions Studied by Electric Measurements (2007)

Electrical characteristics of self-aligned cobalt–tungsten–phosphide (CoWP) as a copper (Cu) drift barrier for advanced Cu interconnects were investigated using blanket metal-insulator-metal (MIM) structures. The time-dependent dielectric breakdown measurements of the MIM structure under the bias-temperature stress tests demonstrated that the median time-to-failure (MTF) of chemical-vapor-deposited improves by more than 20 times by forming a 10 nm thick CoWP. The improved MTF is comparable to that measured with the reversed-bias stress in which no Cu-ion drift occurs. It is concluded that Cu-ion drift is suppressed by a thick CoWP barrier.
The Gunn Approach to the Treatment of Chronic Pain: Intramuscular Stimulation for Myofascial Pain of Radiculopathic Origin (1996)

PART 1 an OVERVIEW: an Introduction to Radiculopathic Pain. IMS: the Technique. Treating Chronic Pain. References for Part 1. PART 2 INTRAMUSCULAR STIMULATION in PRACTICE: Summary. Guidelines for Diagnosis. Treatment and Needle Technique. General Examination. Regional Examination and Specific Treatment: Cervical Spine. Upper Limb/ Back. Lower Limb. PART 3 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Musculoskeletal Pain of Spondylotic Origin. Table 1: Shortened Muscles in Common Syndromes. Table II: Segmental Innervation of Muscles. Sources of Supplies. Suggested Reading. Abbreviations for Commonly Treated Muscles. PART 4 APPENDICES: List of Appendices.
Effects of Dose-rate on the Radiation Response of Rat Skin (1974)

SummarySkin reactions and late deformities after irradiation of the feet of anaesthetized rats with 7 MeV electrons have been measured for dose-rates between 200 rads/min and 500 krads/min. For dose-rates up to 70 krads/min, there was no alteration in the effectiveness of the radiation, which implies that there is not a rapid form of repair of sub-lethal damage in rat skin. However, when the dose-rate was increased to 500 krads/min, there was a marked decrease in effectiveness. This observation was not made when the feet were anoxic, which implies that there is oxygen depletion at the high dose-rate. For irradiation at 500 krads/min, given in aerobic conditions, the ‘break-away’ point occurred at about 2000 rads, above which the response of the skin was similar to that when it was made anoxic. It was concluded from this observation that the sensitive cells were at a pO2 of 5–10 mm Hg.
Diagnostic Yield of Sputum, Induced Sputum, and Bronchoscopy after Radiologic Tuberculosis Screening (2006)

Radiographic anomalies compatible with tuberculosis found during screening are a poor guide to initiation of treatment. Respiratory and systemic symptoms correlated weakly with culture confirmation of tuberculosis. All radiologically selected cases must be examined with on-the-spot and early-morning sputum, regardless of symptoms. If both specimens are smear negative, the yield is increased by bronchoscopy and, to a lesser extent, by two samples of induced sputum. The examination of any single specimen has a low yield of 36 to 63% and is insufficient to exclude active tuberculosis.
The Constitution of the United States, Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow. (1925)

The Constitution of the United States, Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow Get access The Constitution of the United States, Yesterday, To-day and To-morrow. By James M. Beck. 1924. ( Oxford University Press. London: Humphrey Milford. 8vo. 354 pp. 12s. 6d.) P. H. K. P. H. K. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the British Institute of International Affairs , Volume 4, Issue 2, March 1925, Page 102, https://doi.org/10.2307/3014624 Published: 01 March 1925
Microbending Loss in Optical Fibers (1975)

The loss induced in optical fibers by random bends in the fiber axis is studied by winding fibers under constant tension onto a drum surface that is not perfectly smooth. The tension forces the fibers to conform to slight surface irregularities, which can result in an increase in the optical loss on the order of 100 dB/km. This microbending loss may be a significant design consideration in system applications of low-loss optical fibers. Data are presented on the reduction of the effect by means of coatings and increased numerical aperture.
The effects of age and gender on the diameter of the femoral canal in patients who undergo total hip replacement (2013)

With greater numbers of younger patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR), the effect of patient age on the diameter of the femoral canal may become more relevant. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the diameter of the diaphysis of the femoral canal with increasing age in a large number of patients who underwent THR. A total of 1685 patients scheduled for THR had their femoral dimensions recorded from calibrated radiographs. There were 736 males and 949 females with mean ages of 67.1 years (34 to 92) and 70.2 years (29 to 92), respectively. The mean diameter of the femoral canal was 13.3 mm (8.0 to 23.0) for males and 12.7 mm (6.0 to 26.0) for females. There was a poor correlation between age and the diameter of the canal in males (r = 0.071, p = 0.05) but a stronger correlation in females (r = 0.31, p < 0.001). The diameter of the femoral canal diameter of a female patient undergoing THR could be predicted to increase by 3.2 mm between the ages of 40 and 80 years, in contrast a male would be expected to experience only a 0.6 mm increase during the same period. This increase in the diameter of the canal with age might affect the long-term survival of the femoral component in female patients.
A New IOR Technology To Homogenize Horizontal Well Injectivity/Productivity Profile (2006)

Abstract Non-uniform distribution of flow rate along horizontal wells results in early water/gas coning, early breakthrough of water/gas during flooding, etc. For injector wells, injection flow rate profile along the horizontal length leads to low sweep efficiency and to large oil-filled by-passed zones. In the current work, a variable distribution of flow open area along a horizontal well, with or without sand control, is proposed, to correct the flow rate profile along it. An uniform flow profile is achieved by means of unevenly spaced slots or perforations along the liner or sand control device. An analytical model was developed for flow inside and around the horizontal well with unevenly spaced slots or perforations along the liner or along the sand control device. The model couples flows in well and in the reservoir in well vicinity. The analytical model provides an explicit formula for slot/hole density along liners or screens in injection/production horizontal wells. Applications of the model to design horizontal well in cases of injection and production, with or without sand control, with inflow control device are discussed. The technology has been successfully applied in some oilfields onshore and offshore Brazil, where horizontal producer wells were equipped with specially perforated and slotted liners. The purpose is to homogenize flow along horizontal producer or injector wells, in order to delay gas and water coning and improve the sweep. The varying slot/perforation density is calculated by the analytical model, and the calculated option was implemented in some wells.
Severe infective keratitis leading to hospital admission in New Zealand (2003)

Infectious keratitis is an important cause of ocular morbidity. A significant proportion of cases have potentially modifiable risk factors. Previous ocular surgery and topical corticosteroid use, in particular, were associated with poorer visual outcomes. Many cases of severe keratitis might be avoided, or their severity reduced, by appropriate education of patients and ophthalmologists.
Machine learning property prediction for organic photovoltaic devices (2020)

Abstract Organic photovoltaic (OPV) materials are promising candidates for cheap, printable solar cells. However, there are a very large number of potential donors and acceptors, making selection of the best materials difficult. Here, we show that machine-learning approaches can leverage computationally expensive DFT calculations to estimate important OPV materials properties quickly and accurately. We generate quantitative relationships between simple and interpretable chemical signature and one-hot descriptors and OPV power conversion efficiency (PCE), open circuit potential ( V oc ), short circuit density ( J sc ), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy, and the HOMO–LUMO gap. The most robust and predictive models could predict PCE (computed by DFT) with a standard error of ±0.5 for percentage PCE for both the training and test set. This model is useful for pre-screening potential donor and acceptor materials for OPV applications, accelerating design of these devices for green energy applications.