gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERBANDINGAN KADAR PROTEIN DAN LEMAK DALAM ASI “X”, SUSU SAPI FORMULA “Y” DAN SUSU KEDELAI FORMULA “Z” (2013)

Air Susu Ibu (ASI) adalah makanan paling baik untuk bayi. Permasalahannya banyak ibu yang tidak bisa menyusui bayinya sendiri, sehingga memilih susu sapi formula atau susu kedelai formula sebagai pengganti ASI sehingga menggugah peneliti untuk meneliti perbedaan kadar protein dan lemak dari ASI, susu sapi formula dan susu kedelai formula. Penetapan kadar protein dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Kjeldahl, penetapan kadar lemak menggunakan metode ekstraksi Soxhlet dan uji statistik menggunakan metode one-way anova. Kadar rata-rata protein ASI “X”= (10,72 ± 0,12)%, susu sapi formula “Y”= (11,20 ± 0,32)% dan susu kedelai formula “Z”= (11,87 ± 0,50)%. Kadar rata-rata lemak ASI “X”= (3,77 ± 0,39)%, susu sapi formula “Y”= (21,17 ± 2,95)% dan susu kedelai formula “Z”= (4,25 ± 0,19)%. Susu sapi formula “Y” tidak memenuhi persyaratan SNI, sedangkan ASI “X” dan susu kedelai formula memenuhi persyaratan SNI. Perbandingan kadar protein ASI “X”, susu kedelai formula “Z”, susu sapi formula “Y” dan kadar lemak susu sapi formula “Y” berbeda signifikan dengan daily intake, sedangkan kadar lemak ASI “X”, susu kedelai “Z” berbeda tidak signifikan dengan daily intake menurut Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand.
Increased effectiveness of interferon alfa-2b following active specific immunotherapy for melanoma. (1994)

These data suggest an additive effect of active specific immunotherapy and IFN-alfa on the objective response rate, perhaps through upregulation of HLA molecules and tumor-associated antigens on the tumor cell by IFN-alfa, after immunization of the patient by Melacine. This treatment may have improved survival over that expected in metastatic melanoma.
Combining the receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor AEE788 and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor RAD001 strongly inhibits adhesion and growth of renal cell carcinoma cells (2009)

Potent anti-tumoral activitites of the multikinase inhibitors AEE788 or RAD001 have been demonstrated. Most importantly, the simultaneous use of both AEE788 and RAD001 offered a distinct combinatorial benefit and thus may provide a therapeutic advantage over either agent employed as a monotherapy for RCC treatment.
Kalman Filter Procedures for GPS/GLONASS Signals (1995)

Satellite navigation signals underlie several per-
turbations. These include effects such as atmo-
spheric perturbations, noise, measurement and
clock errors as well as multipath in the surroun-
dings of a receiver. In addition artificial errors
like jamming or selective availability (SA) can
make worse the availability of the signal or the
accuracy of position determination. At present
only GPS is affected with SA which is the domi-
nant error for stand alone users. Since GLONASS
is available now this system can be used in com-
bination with GPS. The model presented here uses
these systems applying a filter algorithm derived
from Kalman filter techniques for filtering SA
contributions to enhance the accuracy and the
predictability of the position even if GLONASS is
unavailable for certain times. After SA-filtering,
the signal containing noise contributions is then
treated by Kalman filter techniques.
Effect of inhibitors of S-Adenosylmethionine decarboxylase on polyamine content and growth of L1210 cells (1988)

Analogues of S-adenosylmethionine that were designed as inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase were tested for their abilities to inhibit the purified enzyme from rat prostate. The most potent inhibitors were 5'-deoxy-5'-[N-methyl-N-[2-(aminooxy)ethyl]amino]adenosine (MAOEA) and 5'-deoxy-5'-[N-methyl-N-(3-hydrazinopropyl)amino]adenosine (MHZPA), which had I50 values of 400 nM and 70 nM, respectively, when added directly to the assay medium under standard conditions. These compounds were irreversible inactivators of the enzyme, and more than 95% of the activity was lost within 15 min of exposure to 5 microM MAOEA or 0.5 microM MHZPA. Both inhibitors led to a large reduction in the content of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine in L1210 cells and to a substantial decrease in the production of 5'-(methylthio)adenosine by these cells. These results are consistent with their bringing about an inhibition of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase activity in the cell which leads to a reduction in the synthesis of spermidine and spermine. Analysis of the polyamine content in L1210 cells exposed to 100 microM MAOEA or 50 microM MHZPA showed that this was the case and that putrescine levels were greatly increased while spermidine and spermine content declined. The combined application of 100 microM MAOEA and 5 mM alpha-(difluoromethyl)ornithine (an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor) to L1210 cells completely prevented the synthesis of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine for up to 48 h. The reduction in polyamine content brought about by MHZPA or MAOEA could be partially prevented by the addition of decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine to the culture medium. These inhibitors also brought about an inhibition of cell growth which could be reversed by the addition of spermidine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low threshold current density 1.5 μm (In,Ga,Al)As quantum well lasers grown by MBE (1992)

The use of strained ternary and quaternary (In,Ga,Al) quantum wells for the active regions in MBE grown 1.5 μm lasers has been compared. Threshold current densities as low as 530 A/cm2 were obtained using compressively strained (In,Ga,Al)As quaternary quantum wells with waveguide losses of 9.4 cm−1 and a current injection efficiency of 83%. These results represent the best (Al,Ga,In)As/InP quantum well lasers grown by MBE.
Hematopathological changes in dead and moribund chicks induced by chicken anemia agent. (1982)

Fifty day-old chicks were inoculated wit the Gifu-1 strain of chicken anemia agents. They began to show anemia and a drop in body weight 10 days postinoculation. Thirty-five of them died over a period of 12 to 23 days, mostly between 14 and 18 days postinoculation. Hematocrit value and red and white blood cell counts were markedly reduced in moribund birds. Polychromatic erythrocytes and granulocytes dropped in incidence in the peripheral blood accompanied with a fall in hematocrit value, and gained again with recovery from anemia. Macroscopically, dead and moribund birds revealed yellow bone marrow, marked atrophy of the thymus and bursa of Fabricius, discoloration and swelling of the liver, spleen and kidneys. In some cases, there were partially well-defined necrotic foci in the liver, round heart, fresh hemorrhages in the proventricular mucosa, erosion on the gizzard mucosa, and subcutaneous edema. Microscopically, marked hypoplasia or aplasia of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and severe depletion of lymphocytes in lymphoid organs, such as the thymus, bursa of Fabricius, spleen, and cecal tonsils, were commonly seen in affected birds. The changes described above suggested that the anemia induced by chicken anemia agent might closely be related to the bone marrow function.
Influence of carbon and nitrogen concentration on itaconic acid production by the smut fungus <i>Ustilago maydis</i> (2013)

Itaconic acid is a valuable platform compound for the production of bio‐based polymers, chemicals, and fuels. Ustilago maydis is a promising host for the production of itaconic acid from biomass‐derived substrates due to its unicellular growth pattern and its potential to utilize biomass‐derived sugar monomers and polymers. The potential of U. maydis for industrial itaconate production was assessed in pH‐controlled batch fermentations with varying medium compositions. Using 200 g/L glucose and 75 mM ammonium, 44.5 g/L of itaconate was produced at a maximum rate of 0.74 g L −1 h −1 . By decreasing the substrate concentrations to 50 g/L glucose and 30 mM ammonium, a yield of 0.34 g/g (47 mol%) could be achieved. Itaconate production from xylose was also feasible. These results indicate that high itaconic acid titers can be achieved with U. maydis . However, further optimization of the biocatalyst itself through metabolic engineering is still needed in order to achieve an economically feasible process, which can be used to advance the development of a bio‐based economy.
Deliberative Risk Ranking to Inform Homeland Security Strategic Planning (2016)

Abstract Reliably managing homeland security risks requires an understanding of which risks are more concerning than others. This paper applies a validated risk ranking methodology, the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks, to the homeland security domain. This method provides a structured approach to elicit risk rankings from participants based on deliberative consideration of science-based risk assessments. Steps in this effort include first identifying the set of attributes that must be covered when describing terrorism and disaster hazards in a comprehensive manner, then developing concise summaries of existing knowledge of a broad set of homeland security hazards. Using these materials, the study elicits relative concerns about the hazards that are being considered. The relative concerns about hazards provide a starting point for prioritizing solutions for reducing risks to homeland security. The consistency and agreement of the rankings, as well as the individual satisfaction with the process and results, suggest that the Deliberative Method for Ranking Risks can be appropriately applied in the homeland security domain. The rankings themselves reflected greater concern over natural disasters than terrorist events. This research suggests that deliberative risk ranking methods could provide a valid and reliable description of individuals’ concerns about homeland security risks to inform strategic planning.
Inducible Expression of Inflammatory Chemokines in Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Infected Mice: Role of MIP-1α in Lung Pathology (2001)

Lower respiratory tract disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is characterized by profound airway mucosa inflammation, both in infants with naturally acquired infection and in experimentally inoculated animal models. Chemokines are central regulatory molecules in inflammatory, immune, and infectious processes of the lung. In this study, we demonstrate that intranasal infection of BALB/c mice with RSV A results in inducible expression of lung chemokines belonging to the CXC (MIP-2 and IP-10), CC (RANTES, eotaxin, MIP-1beta, MIP-1alpha, MCP-1, TCA-3) and C (lymphotactin) families. Chemokine mRNA expression occurred as early as 24 h following inoculation and persisted for at least 5 days in mice inoculated with the highest dose of virus (10(7) PFU). In general, levels of chemokine mRNA and protein were dependent on the dose of RSV inoculum and paralleled the intensity of lung cellular inflammation. Immunohisthochemical studies indicated that RSV-induced expression of MIP-1alpha, one of the most abundantly expressed chemokines, was primarily localized in epithelial cells of the alveoli and bronchioles, as well as in adjoining capillary endothelium. Genetically altered mice with a selective deletion of the MIP-1alpha gene (-/- mice) demonstrated a significant reduction in lung inflammation following RSV infection, compared to control littermates (+/+ mice). Despite the paucity of infiltrating cells, the peak RSV titer in the lung of -/- mice was not significantly different from that observed in +/+ mice. These results provide the first direct evidence that RSV infection may induce lung inflammation via the early production of inflammatory chemokines.
Design and construction of an optimized transmit/receive hybrid birdcage resonator to improve full body images of medium-sized animals in 7T scanner (2018)

The purpose of this work was to develop an optimized transmit/receive birdcage coil to extend the possibilities of a 7T preclinical MRI system to conduct improved full body imaging in medium-sized animals, such as large New Zealand rabbits. The coil was designed by combining calculation and electromagnetic simulation tools. The construction was based on precise mechanical design and careful building practice. A 16-leg, 20 cm long, 16 cm inner diameter, shielded quadrature hybrid structure was selected. Coil parameters were assessed on the bench and images were acquired on phantoms and rabbits. The results were compared to simulations and data obtained with an available commercial coil. An inexpensive assembly with an increase of 2 cm in useful inner diameter and 50 Ω matching with larger animals was achieved. A reduction in radiofrequency (RF) power demand of 31.8%, an improvement in image uniformity of 18.5 percentage points and an increase in signal-to-noise ratio of up to 42.2% were revealed by phantom image acquisitions, which was confirmed by in vivo studies. In conclusion, the proposed coil extended the possibilities of a preclinical 7T system as it improved image studies in relatively large animals by reducing the RF power demand, and increasing image uniformity and signal-to-noise ratio. Shorter scans and time under anesthesia or reduced RF exposure, resulting in better images and lower animal health risk during in vivo experiments, were achieved.
Mutational spectrum in a worldwide study of 29,700 families with<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i>mutations (2018)

The prevalence and spectrum of germline mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 have been reported in single populations, with the majority of reports focused on White in Europe and North America. The Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2 (CIMBA) has assembled data on 18,435 families with BRCA1 mutations and 11,351 families with BRCA2 mutations ascertained from 69 centers in 49 countries on six continents. This study comprehensively describes the characteristics of the 1,650 unique BRCA1 and 1,731 unique BRCA2 deleterious (disease-associated) mutations identified in the CIMBA database. We observed substantial variation in mutation type and frequency by geographical region and race/ethnicity. In addition to known founder mutations, mutations of relatively high frequency were identified in specific racial/ethnic or geographic groups that may reflect founder mutations and which could be used in targeted (panel) first pass genotyping for specific populations. Knowledge of the population-specific mutational spectrum in BRCA1 and BRCA2 could inform efficient strategies for genetic testing and may justify a more broad-based oncogenetic testing in some populations.
Mechanosensitive ion channels in interstitial cells of Cajal and smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract (2007)

Normal gastrointestinal (GI) motility is required to mix digestive enzymes and food and to move content along the GI tract. Underlying the complex motor patterns of the gut are electrical events that reflect ion flux across cell membranes. Smooth muscle electrical activity is directly influenced by GI interstitial cells of Cajal, whose rhythmic oscillations in membrane potential in part determine the excitability of GI smooth muscle and its response to neuronal input. Coordinated activity of the ion channels responsible for the conductances that underlie ion flux in both smooth muscle and interstitial cells is a requisite for normal motility. These conductances are regulated by many factors, including mechanical stress. Recent studies have revealed mechanosensitivity at the level of the ion channels, and the mechanosensor within the channel has been identified in many cases. This has led to better comprehension of the role of mechanosensitive conductances in normal physiology and will undoubtedly lead to understanding of the consequences of disturbances in these conductances.
Fabrication of multipurpose piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge cantilevers with conductive microtips for electrostatic and scanning capacitance microscopy (1998)

The fabrication and performance of a microprobe with multipurpose capabilities for scanning probe microscopy is presented in this article. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning capacitance microscopy, and electrostatic force microscopy measurements can be simultaneously performed with the probe in which a silicon tip is integrated with a piezoresistive cantilever. Fabrication of the microprobe is based on double side bulk/surface micromachining of silicon on insulator (SOI) substrates. The novelty of this device is a highly doped silicon tip with a curvature radius of about 20 nm which is electrically isolated from the silicon cantilever by the buried oxide layer of the SOI substrate. At the beam supporting point a piezoresistive Wheatstone bridge is fabricated to allow the deflection of the microtip to be monitored. This cantilever displacement detection system enables measurements in vacuum and simplifies the design of the AFM head. Experimental measurements agree well with theoretical estimates of the sensitivity of the microprobe.
Zur Photochemie von Allylaryläthern. 55. Mitteilung über Photoreaktionen (1978)

Abstract The photochemical reactions of different allyl aryl ethers (Scheme 3) were investigated in hydrocarbons (Chap. 3.1) and in alcoholic solvents (Chap. 3.2). The composition of the photoproducts depended very much on the nature of the solvent. Irradiation (3–95 h) of different methyl substituted allyl aryl ethers ( 1, 3, 5, 7 and 11 ) with a low pressure mercury lamp (λ Emiss. = 254 nm; 6 or 15 Watt) under argon (quartz vessel) resulted in the formation of 2‐, 3– and 4‐substituted phenols, dienones and products of consecutive reactions ( Tables 1–4 and 6). The results suggested that all products were formed by homolytic cleavage of the CO bond in the singlet state of the ethers to intermediate radical‐geminates ( Scheme 5) followed by radical recombination of the two fragments. No products were formed by concerted processes ( Table 5 , Schemes 5 and 6). Upon irradiation of allyl aryl ethers lacking alkyl substituents at position 4 ( 1 and 5 ) in protic solvents, mainly 2‐ and 4‐allylated phenols were obtained ( Tables 1 and 4); 3‐allylated phenols were formed only in small amounts (0.02%). However, in aromatic hydrocarbons or cyclohexane 3‐allylated phenols were obtained from 1 , 5 and 11 in significant amounts (3–11%; Tables 1, 4 and 6). E.g. , upon irradiation of allyl‐2,6‐dimethyl‐2,4‐cyclohexadien‐1‐one ( 6 ) besides 3‐ and 4‐allyl‐2, 6‐dimethyl‐phenol ( 23 and 24 ). Irradiation of 5 in methanol afforded 23 and 6 only in traces, whereas 24 was the main product.
A 6-bit, 1.2 GHz Interleaved SAR ADC in 90nm CMOS (2006)

A 6-bit time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter for ultra-wide band applications is proposed. The structure consists of seven successive approximation A/D converters designed to pursue high speed and low power consumption. A merged-capacitor technique is implemented in the DAC, while the Successive Approximations Register is based on a single-row architecture with D-FF's. The converter, designed in ST 90nm CMOS technology exhibits a maximum sampling frequency of 1.2 GHz at 1 V supply with a 500 mV input range and 16 mW of power consumption. The simulated figure of merit is 0.3 pJ/conv.
Efectos de la intervención pública y la regulación en los costes del suministro de electricidad en Canarias 1970-1998 (2005)

En este trabajo estudiamos los costes del suministro de electricidad en Canarias durante el periodo 1970-\n1998. El objetivo principal es evaluar los efectos de la intervención pública y la regulación económica en un\nperiodo de consolidación del sector en Canarias. Para ello se estima una función de costes translogarítmica\nde largo plazo utilizando como unidad de estudio la empresa Unelco. Los resultados indican que los factores\nde producción son sustitutivos entre sí y que se agota el grado de economías de escala al final del periodo en\ntorno a los 3800 GWh distribuidos y comercializados. Se observan importantes ganancias de productividad\nen torno a un 4,1% medio anual donde destaca el efecto positivo del cambio técnico. La intervención pública,\nen su proceso de consolidación del sector, y el efecto de la regulación derivada del Marco Legal y Estable,\nsupusieron cambios en el funcionamiento de la empresa que se tradujeron en cuantiosos ahorros de costes.
25-Hydroxyvitamin D3-1 alpha-hydroxylase in porcine hepatic tissue: subcellular localization to both mitochondria and microsomes. (1990)

In vitro studies were performed to assess the ability of hepatic homogenates, mitochondria, and microsomes to 1 alpha-hydroxylate 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3]. Addition of 25(OH)D3 to either hepatic mitochondria or microsomes caused a concentration-dependent increase in the production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3]. Hepatic homogenates also produced purported 1,25(OH)2D3, although at a much reduced efficiency as compared with hepatic mitochondria or microsomes. Purported 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesized by hepatic mitochondria or microsomes was identified by its mobility on several high-performance liquid chromatographic systems and, ultimately, by its ability to interact with the bovine thymus 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor protein. Production of 1,25(OH)2D3 by hepatic mitochondria and microsomes was dependent on time of incubation, protein content, and pH of incubation medium, and it required an adequate source of reducing equivalents. Generation of 1,25(OH)2D3 by these organelles could be totally blocked by the cytochrome P-450 inhibitor ketoconazole. The microsomal 1 alpha-hydroxylase could not be saturated even at the highest concentration (240 microM) of 25(OH)D3 used. The mitochondrial 1 alpha-hydroxylase, however, displayed saturation at approximately 40 microM 25(OH)D3. Eadie-Hofstee reciprocal plot analysis of the hepatic mitochondrial 1 alpha-hydroxylase gave a Km of 17 microM 25(OH)D3 and a Vmax of 481 pg of 1,25(OH)2D3 per min per mg of protein. Because of its inability to achieve substrate saturation, meaningful kinetic parameters could not be calculated for the hepatic microsomal 1 alpha-hydroxylase. These data demonstrate the liver to be an even more dynamic organ than was previously believed with respect to vitamin D metabolism in that the liver has the potential to produce 1,25(OH)2D3 in situ by at least two separate mechanisms.
A new approach to realize drone swarm using ad-hoc network (2017)

Swarms of drones are increasingly being requested to carry out missions that cannot be completed by single drones. Particularly in the field of civil security, strong needs emerge in terms of surveillance and observation of hostile, distant or extended areas. Currently, existing solutions do not meet this demand, as they are generally based on too heavy infrastructures or over-processing, without consideration of quality of service (especially in terms of throughput). In this paper, we propose a light and efficient solution to synchronize and orchestrate a swarm of drones, based only on ad hoc communications to position drones. Our proposal operates a swarm by human piloting a drone (the leader), while all the others (the followers) are completely autonomous and follow the leader using Wi-Fi signal strength. We provide algorithms to realize a basic line scenario. Based on two software developed in the framework of this work, real flight tests have been conducted and experiment results are shown.
Deposition and electrical characterization of hafnium oxide films on silicon (2008)

Abstract Hafnium oxide dielectric is under intense investigation in recent years as a new high‐k insulator to replace silicon dioxide thus allowing further device scaling in silicon technology. In this work we investigate HfO 2 deposited films using RF reactive sputtering technique and we present results on their electrical characterization using MOS capacitors. The HfO 2 films have been sputtered on n or p‐type Si substrate from high purity HfO 2 target at low deposition rate (0.1 Å/s) monitored by a quartz crystal. After deposition of the insulator aluminum has been evaporated and patterned to form MIS capacitors. In this paper we investigate the effect of deposition parameters and post‐deposition‐annealing on the electrical properties of the HfO 2 films. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)