gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical GaN-on-Si MOSFETs With Monolithically Integrated Freewheeling Schottky Barrier Diodes (2018)

We demonstrate for the first time the monolithic integration of vertical GaN MOSFETs with freewheeling Schottky barrier diodes (SBD), based on a 6.7- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -thick n-p-n heterostructure grown on 6-inch silicon substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The anode of the SBD is integrated in the source pad of the MOSFET and the cathode is directly connected to the MOSFET drain through the bottom n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -GaN layer, eliminating the need of any metal wire interconnection. This monolithic integration scheme offers reduced footprint, minimized parasitic components, and simplified packaging. The integrated MOSFET-SBD showed enhancement-mode operation with a threshold voltage of 3.9 V, an ON/ OFF ratio of over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> and a dramatic improvement in reverse conduction, without degradation in on-state performance from the integration of the SBD. The integrated GaN-on-Si vertical SBD exhibited excellent performance, with a specific on-resistance of 1.6 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}\Omega \cdot $ </tex-math></inline-formula> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , a turn-on voltage of 0.76 V, an ideality factor of 1.5, along with a breakdown voltage of 254 V.
Hydrogels Incorporating GdDOTA: Towards Highly Efficient Dual <i>T</i><sub>1</sub><i>/T</i><sub>2</sub> MRI Contrast Agents (2012)

Do not tumble dry: Gadolinium-DOTA encapsulated into polysaccharide nanoparticles (GdDOTA NPs) exhibited high relaxivity (r(1) =101.7 s(-1) mM(-1) per Gd(3+) ion at 37 °C and 20 MHz). This high relaxation rate is due to efficient Gd loading, reduced tumbling of the Gd complex, and the hydrogel nature of the nanoparticles. The efficacy of the nanoparticles as a T(1)/T(2) dual-mode contrast agent was studied in C6 cells.
Rerouting Electron Transfer in Molecular Assemblies by Redox‐Pair Matching (2015)

We demonstrate how the distance over which electron transfer occurs through organic materials can be controlled and extended. Coating of conductive surfaces with nanoscale layers of redox-active metal complexes allows the electrochemical addressing of distant layers that are otherwise electrochemically silent. Our materials can pass electrons selectively in directions that are determined by positioning of layers of metal complexes and the distances between them. These electron-transfer processes can be made dominantly uni- or bidirectional. The design involves 1) a set of isostructural metal complexes with different electron affinities, 2) a scalable metal-organic spacer, and 3) a versatile assembly approach that allows systematic variation of composition, structure, and electron-transfer properties. We control the electrochemical communication between interfaces by the deposition sequence and the spacer length, therefore we are able to program the bulk properties of the assemblies.
Tirapazamine-induced cytotoxicity and DNA damage in transplanted tumors: relationship to tumor hypoxia. (1997)

Tirapazamine (TPZ) is a hypoxia-selective bioreductive drug currently in Phases II and III clinical trials with both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The response of tumors to TPZ is expected to depend both on the levels of reductive enzymes that activate the drug to a DNA-damaging and toxic species and on tumor oxygenation. Both of these parameters are likely to vary between individual tumors. In this study, we examined whether the enhancement of radiation damage to tumors by TPZ can be predicted from TPZ-induced DNA damage measured using the comet assay. DNA damage provides a functional end point that is directly related to cell killing and should be dependent on both reductive enzyme activity and hypoxia. We demonstrate that TPZ potentiates tumor cell kill by fractionated radiation in three murine tumors (SCCVII, RIF-1, and EMT6) and two human tumor xenografts (A549 and HT29), with no potentiation observed in a third xenograft (HT1080). Overall, there was no correlation of radiation potentiation and TPZ-induced DNA damage in the tumors, except that the nonresponsive tumor xenograft had significantly lower levels of DNA damage than the other five tumor types. However, there was a large tumor-to-tumor variability in DNA damage within each tumor type. This variability appeared not to result from differences in activity of the reductive enzymes but largely from differences in oxygenation between individual tumors, measured using fluorescent detection of the hypoxia marker EF5. The results, therefore, suggest that the sensitivity of individual tumors to TPZ, although not necessarily the response to TPZ plus radiation, might be assessed from measurements of DNA damage using the comet assay.
Differentiation of functional dendritic cells and macrophages from human peripheral blood monocyte precursors is dependent on expression of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and requires iron (2002)

Iron is required for monocyte/macrophage differentiation of HL-60 leukaemia cells. Differentiation requires induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1), and cell cycle arrest at the G1/S checkpoint. With iron depletion, p21 induction and differentiation are blocked. To establish the roles of iron and p21 in normal monocyte/macrophage differentiation, we examined generation of dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages from peripheral monocytes. Monocytes were cultured with interleukin 4 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), then treated with lipopolysaccharide to produce DCs or with M-CSF to produce macrophages. Iron deprivation was induced by desferrioxamine (DF). Monocyte-derived DCs had characteristic phenotype and morphology, and stimulated proliferation of naïve allogeneic T lymphocytes. In contrast, DCs generated under iron deprivation were phenotypically undifferentiated and did not stimulate T cells. Similarly, macrophages expressed a characteristic phenotype and morphology, and phagocytosed latex beads, but macrophages generated under iron deprivation failed to develop a mature phenotype and had impaired phagocytosis. Iron deprivation blocked induction of p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression in both DC and macrophage cultures. Furthermore, p21 antisense oligonucleotides, but not sense oligonucleotides, inhibited both DC and macrophage differentiation. These data indicate that a key role of iron in haematopoiesis is to support induction of p21 which, in turn, is required for DC and macrophage differentiation.
Evaluating RC-interconnect using moment-matching approximations (2002)

The authors describes a relation for specifying the 'optimal' number of lumped RC sections needed to approximate a distributed RC element for an estimated digital-signal bandwidth. The bandwidth approximation also aids in determining the order of the AWE (asymptotic waveform evaluation) approximation for the driving-point and transfer function models. Since moving to arbitrarily high orders of approximation to meet the bandwidth requirements is complicated by moment-matching instability problems, a constrained mapping from moments to dominant time constants is used which guarantees stability for RC interconnect models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microbiologic Determinants of Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2005)

One quarter of the patients with COPD are colonized by PPMs during their stable periods. Exacerbation is associated with the overgrowth of PPMs and with the appearance of P aeruginosa in the lower airway, which is associated with exacerbation symptoms independent of load.
A New Cause of Female Pseudohermaphroditism: Placental Aromatase Deficiency (1991)

A description is presented of the first documented case of placental aromatase deficiency. The deficiency caused maternal virilization during pregnancy and pseudohermaphroditism of the female fetus. A 24-yr-old primigravida showed progressive virilization during the third trimester. Urinary excretion of estrogen was less than 14 mumol/day between 35-38 weeks of pregnancy, although nonstress tests showed reactive patterns and serum levels of human placental lactogen were above 460 nmol/L. Maternal serum levels of estrogens were low, and those of androgens were high in the third trimester. A dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate loading test induced a marked increase in maternal serum levels of androgens, whereas no such increase was observed in estrogens. The woman delivered vaginally a live full-term infant who exhibited female pseudohermaphroditism. Cord serum levels of estrogens were extremely low, while those of androgens were high. The aromatase activity of the placenta, determined by the conversion of [7-3H]androstenedione to 17 beta-[7-3H]estradiol and [7-3H]estrone, were less than 0.03 fmol/microgram protein.min (control, 9.6 +/- 2.2 fmol/microgram protein.min). The sulfatase activity of the placenta was 0.63 pmol/microgram protein.min compared to 0.46 +/- 0.16 pmol/microgram protein.min in controls. The rate of aromatization by normal control placentas was the same as that obtained during coincubation of samples of normal placentas and that of the patient. Thus, the presence of aromatase inhibitor in the patient's placenta was excluded.
Minimizers, Maximizers and the Rhetoric of Scalar Reasoning (2001)

This paper addresses two basic questions about polarity items: what sorts of meaning can such forms encode and why should such forms exist in the first place. My starting point is the Scalar Model of Polarity A variety of anomalous polarity items are discussed which flout this prediction, including both emphatic NPIs denoting maximal degrees (e.g. for all the tea in China, wild horses) and emphatic PPIs denoting minimal degrees (e.g. for a pittance, in a jiffy). The exceptional behavior of these forms is shown to be a direct function of the participant roles they denote, reflecting the fact that different roles license different kinds of scalar inferences depending on how they contribute to the likelihood of an expressed proposition. In addition to establishing a link between thematic structure and the lexical semantics of polarity sensitivity, this result is shown to have important implications for the nature of scalar reasoning generally, and for the role it plays in structuring rhetorical discourse.
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy in Women with a<i>BRCA1</i>or<i>BRCA2</i>Mutation (2002)

Salpingo-oophorectomy in carriers of BRCA mutations can decrease the risk of breast cancer and BRCA-related gynecologic cancer.
Development of Protective Clothing against Nanoparticle Based on Electrospun Nanofibers (2012)

In this paper, the development of efficient protective clothing against nanoparticulate aerosols is presented. Nanofibrous mats of polyamide 6 (PA6) were deposited onto a nonwoven viscose substrate by electrospinning technique. The influence of electrospinning parameters, including solution concentration, viscosity, and conductivity, was studied for the production of nonwovens with controlled fiber diameter showing a size distribution ranging from 66 to 195 nm. By varying several process parameters, textiles with different thickness of the nanofiber layer and thus air permeability were obtained. A hot‐press lamination process using a thermoplastic resin as glue was applied to improve the adhesion of the nanofiber layer onto the textile support. After 1500 cycles of repeated compression and torsion, the nanofiber layer was still firmly attached to the support, while mechanical damage is visible in some areas. The penetration of NaCl particles with diameter ranging from 15 to 300 nm through the electrospun textiles was found to be strongly dependent on nanofiber layer thickness. A really thin nanofiber coating provides up to 80% retention of 20 nm size particles and over 50% retention of 200 nm size nanoparticles. Increasing the thickness of the nanofiber mat, the filtration efficiency was increased to over 99% along the whole nanoparticle range. The results obtained highlight the potential of nanofibers in the development of efficient personal protective equipments against nanoparticles.
Extracellular glucose turnover in the striatum of unanaesthetized rats measured by quantitative microdialysis (1997)

1. Steady-state and time-resolved quantitative microdialysis was used to measure dialysate concentration, extracellular concentration and the in vivo recovery of glucose in rat striatum. 2. The extracellular concentration of glucose, determined by the zero net flux method of Lönnroth, was 350 +/- 20 microM and the in vivo recovery was 39 +/- 2%. 3. Veratridine caused a steep decrease in dialysate glucose after an initial delay of 7.5 min. When steady-state glucose levels had been reached in the presence of veratridine the extracellular concentration was reduced to zero, but there was no significant change in in vivo recovery. 4. Measurement of the dynamic changes during the administration of veratridine showed an immediate decrease in extracellular glucose concentration and a steep rise in in vivo recovery, which accounted for the delay in the delay in the decrease in dialysate glucose. When extracellular concentration reached zero, in vivo recovery returned to control levels.
Convergence Rates for Maximum Entropy Regularization (1993)

The authors prove results about stability, convergence, and convergence rates for the maximum entropy method by interpreting it as a nonlinear regularization method. The results are applied to a widely studied problem from physical chemistry, namely, the reconstruction of fluorescence lifetime distributions from the distribution of the delays between absorption and emission of photons.
H.F. data transmission using chirp signals (1971)

Swept-frequency or chirp signals are currently under investigation for data-transmission applications. In particular, long-range air/ground communication in the h.f. band may benefit from the use of these wideband signals owing to the inherent protection chirp signals offer against fading in a time-varying multipath channel. The theory of pulse compression and data transmission using chirp signals is outlined, and an experimental communication system is described with measured error rates in noise and carrier interference.
Proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lumbar disk herniation (2005)

To better understand the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying spinal nerve root injury induced by lumbar disk herniation (LDH), comparative proteomic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between patients with LDH (the experiment group) and the otherwise healthy patients who had had implants removed from healed fractures in the lower limbs (the control group) was carried out using 2-DE followed by LC-IT-MS and database searching. Image analysis of silver-stained 2-DE gels revealed that 15 protein spots showed significant differential expression between the two groups of CSF samples (p < 0.05). After searching the database we found that in CSF of LDH patients, the expression of cystatin C, apolipoprotein A-IV, vitamin D-binding protein, neurofilament triplet L protein, IgG, tetranectin, and hemoglobin were elevated. However, ProSAAS, prostagladin D2 synthase, creatine kinase B, superoxide dismutase 1 and peroxiredoxin 2 were decreased. The subsequent ELISA measured the concentration of tetranectin, vitamin D-binding protein and cystatin C and confirmed the results of proteomic analysis. These identified proteins are involved in the pathophysiological process of spinal nerve root injury caused by herniated lumbar disk. The functional implications of the alterations in the levels of these proteins are discussed in this paper.
Evidence of oxidant-induced injury to epithelial cells during inflammatory bowel disease. (1996)

Evidence of in vivo oxidant-induced injury in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is largely indirect. Colon epithelial crypt cells (CEC) from paired specimens of histologically normal and inflamed bowel from IBD patients with active disease were examined for altered protein thiol redox status as an indicator of oxidative damage. When CEC preparations from 22 IBD patients were labeled with the reduced-thiol-specific probe [14C]-iodoacetamide (IAM), there was decreased labeling of a number of proteins indicating oxidation of thiol groups in CEC from inflamed mucosa compared to paired normal mucosa, especially the loss of thiol labeling of a 37-kD protein which was almost completely lost. The loss of reduced protein thiol status for the 37-kD band was paralleled by loss of epithelial cell glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC 1.2.1.12) enzyme activity, an enzyme known to contain an essential reduced cysteine (Cys149) at the active site. The identity of the 37-kD protein as GADPH monomer was confirmed by NH2-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. To examine whether this type of in vivo injury could be attributed to biologically relevant oxidants produced by inflammatory cells, CEC prepared from normal mucosa were exposed to H2O2, OCl-, nitric oxide (NO), and a model chloramine molecule chloramine T (ChT) in vitro. Dose-dependent loss of IAM labeling and GAPDH enzyme activity was observed. The efficacy (IC50) against IAM labeling was OCl- >> ChT > H2O2 > NO (52 +/- 3, 250 +/- 17, 420 +/- 12, 779 +/- 120 microM oxidant) and OCl- >> ChT > NO > H2O2 (89 +/- 17, 256 +/- 11, 407 +/- 105, 457 +/- 75 microM oxidant), respectively, for GAPDH enzyme activity. This study provides direct evidence of in vivo oxidant injury in CEC from inflamed mucosa of IBD patients. Oxidation and inhibition of essential protein function by inflammatory cells is a potential mechanism of tissue injury that may contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease and supports the exploration of compounds with antioxidant activity as new therapies for IBD.
Le temps et la construction du sens (2005)

Cette analyse de La Mort de Molière fait l’examen de la juxtaposition de deux conceptions du temps, l’une conventionnelle et extratextuelle, et l’autre non conventionnelle mais présente dans le texte. Cette perturbation constante de la continuité du temps et de son irréversibilité, présente dans la vidéo, entraîne l’établissement d’un ensemble complètement différent de traits attribués à cette notion. La confrontation qui s’ensuit entre les deux conceptions du temps reflète la confrontation entre monde réel et monde fictionnel et, par conséquent, elle peut être utilisée comme principe interprétatif pour décoder cette oeuvre.
Chemists Crucial to Progress in Nonlinear Optical Materials (1990)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTChemists Crucial to Progress in Nonlinear Optical MaterialsDesigning materials that use light instead of electricity for computer, data storage, other applications demands chemists with different backgroundsRON DAGANIView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1990, 68, 24, 21–25Publication Date (Print):June 11, 1990Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 11 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v068n024.p021https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v068n024.p021newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1990 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Nonlinear optics Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Absolute Configuration of Wybutine, the Fluorescent Minor Base from Phenylalanine Transfer Ribonucleic Acids. (1991)

The phosphonium chloride 6 having an optically active amino acid moiety was synthesized from (S)-serine benzylester tosylate (2b) through a six-step route. The utility of 6 as a reagent for the Witting reaction was exemplified in the olefination with benzaldehyde, affording the (E)-β, γ-unsaturated amino acid derivative 11 as a sole geometrical ispmer. This new method of amino acid homologation was successuflly employed for the first chiral synthesis of wybutine (1c), the minor base isolated from yeast phenylalanine transfer ribonucleic acids : the Wittig reaction between 6 and the tricyclic aldehyde 16 followed successively by methylation and catalytic reduction afforded 1c. Comparison of wybutine with synthetic 1c has unequivocally established that wybutine has an S configuration.
Mitigation of jamming of an angle estimation system using multi-mode antennas (2003)

The problem of obtaining accurate estimates of the angle of arrival (AOA) of an unknown source using a single aperture multi-mode antenna in the presence of a jamming signal is considered here. Two approaches, one based on maximum likelihood and the second based on a modified MUSIC algorithm are presented. A simulation study is carried out to test the efficacy of the algorithm. It is demonstrated that when the signal and jammer are uncorrelated and when they are not too close to each other in angle, good angle estimates are obtained even in the presence of powerful jamming.
Opportunistic Multiuser Beamforming based on Spatial Signature Matching (2007)

While most current researches on opportunistic beamforming assume that users are uniformly distributed around BS, no attention has been paid to address more pratical scenarios where spatial user density is heterogeneous. In this paper, we propose a novel opportunistic beamforming scheme to better exploit the multiuser diversity in case of heterogeneous user density. The key idea is to grant the highest service priority to users in the area with highest spatial user density. It is implemented by an improved selection of the weight vector at each time slot without explicit knowledge of the spatial user density. To address the fairness issue, the joint area-user proportional fair scheduling (JAUPFS) is proposed, which simultaneously guarantees the fairness between areas with different spatial user densities and different users in the same area. Simulations are conducted to demonstrate that our proposed scheme has a better rate performance than that of the conventional opportunistic beamforming.