gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential expression of c-myc gene and c-fos gene in premalignant and malignant tissues from patients with familial polyposis coli. (1988)

The expression of 8 oncogenes and the structures of 19 oncogenes were analyzed in 15 adenocarcinomas (12 primary and 3 metastatic), 18 adenomatous polyps, and 18 normal colonic mucosae derived from 19 patients with familial polyposis coli. The expression of c-myc gene was most elevated in carcinoma, and moderately elevated in adenoma, compared with corresponding normal colonic mucosa. In contrast, the expression of c-fos gene was markedly decreased in all samples of adenoma and carcinoma, compared with that of normal colonic mucosa. These characteristic expression patterns of c-myc and c-fos genes were revealed not only in familial polyposis coli but also in cases of nonhereditary colon carcinoma. Structures of the 19 oncogenes were not modified in either adenoma or carcinoma, except for amplification of the c-myc gene detected in one carcinoma, but not in adenoma, from the same patient. Analyses of the amplified c-myc gene suggest that gene duplication may relate to the mechanism of gene amplification. Thus, the enhanced expression of c-myc gene in adenoma and carcinoma may reflect the proliferative activity, while the c-fos gene may be a prerequisite to stabilize the state of terminal differentiation of colonic epithelial cells.
Neuro-fuzzy networks for pattern classification and rule extraction (2002)

Summary form only given. An experimental evaluation of the neurofuzzy models NEFCLASS and FuNN is conducted in real world pattern recognition applications. The models are investigated with respect to classification performance and the number of rules generated and compared to the traditional MLP network trained with backpropagation. The models NEFCLASS and FuNN are examined in benchmarking problems from the Proben1 database and in a large-scale credit card screening problem. A comparison is established with an MLP network and the results obtained show some potential advantages of the neuro-fuzzy classifiers over the MLP particularly with respect to the ability of the neuro-fuzzy models to generate a knowledge base of rules.
Buffer Balance in Bicarbonate Hemodiafiltration (1986)

FERIANI, MARIANO; BIASIOLI, STEFANO; BRAGANTINI, LUISA; DELL'AQUILA, ROBERTO; FABRIS, ALDO; RONCO, CLAUDIO; CHIARAMONTE, STEFANO; BRENDOLAN, ALESSANDRA; MILAN, MASSIMO; GRECA, GIUSEPPE LA
Electrocatalytic activity of CoFe2O4 thin films prepared by AACVD towards the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline media (2017)

The electrocatalytic behaviour of CoFe2O4 thin films, prepared by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition, towards the oxygen evolution reaction in an alkaline medium is reported. X-ray diffraction and SEM data show that the CoFe2O4 thin films are phase pure and consist of dendrites 0.5–1 μm in diameter rising from the surface with heights ranging from 1 to 3 μm. The CoFe2O4 thin films exhibited an overpotential of 490 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm− 2, and a Tafel slope of 54.2 mV dec− 1. Taking into account the electrochemically active surface area, the intrinsic activity of CoFe2O4 was found to be 1.75 mA cm− 2real at an overpotential of 490 mV. The CoFe2O4 thin films were highly stable and were capable of maintaining catalytic activity for at least 12 h.
Extracellular nucleic acids (2007)

Extracellular nucleic acids are found in different biological fluids in the organism and in the environment: DNA is a ubiquitous component of the organic matter pool in the soil and in all marine and freshwater habitats. Data from recent studies strongly suggest that extracellular DNA and RNA play important biological roles in microbial communities and in higher organisms. DNA is an important component of bacterial biofilms and is involved in horizontal gene transfer. In recent years, the circulating extracellular nucleic acids were shown to be associated with some diseases. Attempts are being made to develop noninvasive methods of early tumor diagnostics based on analysis of circulating DNA and RNA. Recent observations demonstrated the possibility of nucleic acids exchange between eukaryotic cells and extracellular space suggesting their participation in so far unidentified biological processes.
A demonstration of MAGiQ (2018)

Existing RDF engines follow one of two design paradigms: relational or graph-based. Such engines are typically designed for specific hardware architectures, mainly CPUs, and are not easily portable to new architectures. Porting an existing engine to a different architecture (e.g., many-core architectures) entails almost redesign from scratch. We explore sparse matrix algebra as a third paradigm for designing a portable, scalable, and efficient RDF engine. We demonstrate MAGiQ; a matrix algebra approach for evaluating complex SPARQL queries over large RDF datasets. MAGiQ represents an RDF graph as a sparse matrix, and translates SPARQL queries to matrix algebra programs. MAGiQ takes advantage of the existing rich software infrastructure for processing sparse matrices, optimized for many architectures (e.g., CPUs, GPUs, distributed), effortlessly. This demo motivates the adoption of matrix algebra in RDF graph processing by showing MAGiQ's performance with different matrix algebra backend engines. MAGiQ, using a GPU, is orders of magnitude faster in solving complex queries on a billion edge graph than state-of-the-art RDF systems.
Blind Estimation of OFDM Carrier Frequency Offset via Oversampling (2004)

Blind deterministic estimation of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) frequency offset via oversampling is proposed in this paper. This method utilizes the intrinsic phase shift of neighboring sample points incurred by the frequency offset that is common among all subcarriers. The proposed method is data efficient - it requires only a single OFDM symbol to achieve reliable estimation, hence making it more suitable to systems with stringent delay requirement and mobility-induced channel variation. The proposed scheme is devised to perfectly retrieve frequency offset in the absence of noise. Quite remarkably, we show that in the presence of channel noise, this intuitive scheme is indeed the maximum likelihood estimate of the carrier frequency offset. The possible presence of virtual carriers are also accommodated in the system model, and some interesting observations are obtained. The Cramer-Rao lower bound is derived for the oversampling-based signal model, and we show through numerical simulation that the proposed algorithm is efficient. Practical issues such as identifiability, the front-end filter bandwidth, and the possible presence of correlated noises are also carefully addressed.
Overexpression of the proto-oncogene/translation factor 4E in breast-carcinoma cell lines (1996)

The expression of the proto-oncogene, translation factor elF-4E, was examined in breast-cell lines: 5 carcinomas and 2 normal. At the protein level, elF-4E was 10 times higher in the carcinoma lines than in normal cells, which is comparable to the level found in breast-cancer biopsies. The elevation appears to be due to increased transcription, since the elF-4E mRNA was correspondingly increased. These results demonstrate that cells isolated from naturally occurring breast carcinomas maintain an elevated expression of the factor. Turnover rates for elF-4E (mRNA and protein) were determined for normal and cancer cells. We found that elF-4e mRNA is relatively stable during an 8-hr incubation with Actinomycin D, but the half-life of the protein is fairly short (approximately 4.5 hr). This suggests that, in proliferating cells, elF-4E may be turning over rapidly, possibly to fine-tune the changes in translation rates which occur during the cell cycle.
Molecular-Level Processing of Conjugated Polymers. 4. Layer-by-Layer Manipulation of Polyaniline via Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions (1997)

The molecular-level layer-by-layer processing of polyaniline with a variety of different nonionic water soluble polymers has been demonstrated. This new type of layer-by-layer adsorption process is driven by hydrogen-bonding interactions and has been accomplished with poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(acrylamide), and poly(ethylene oxide). FTIR spectroscopy measurements confirm a high level of hydrogen bonding between polyaniline and the nonionic polymer in the multilayer films. The effects of solution pH and polymer molecular weight on the deposition process were investigated. Comparisons with polyaniline films assembled via an electrostatic mechanism with sulfonated polystyrene indicate that the nonionic polymers adsorb onto polyaniline with a greater density of loops and tails and form highly interpenetrated bilayers with a high polyaniline content. The conductivities of these self-assembled multilayer films were found to be on the order of 1−4 S/cm for films doped with methane sulfonic acid. It was also demonstrated that the deposition process could be carried out with mixed solutions of polyaniline and a nonionic polymer.
Designed Synthesis of [TiSe<sub>2</sub>]<sub><i>m</i></sub>[NbSe<sub>2</sub>]<sub><i>n</i></sub> Superlattices from Modulated Reactants (1996)

Intergrown dichalcogenide layers with a predetermined modulation of composition can be prepared through controlled crystallization of reactants with superlattice structure. The resulting superlattice products (the picture shows the transition from one dichalcogenide component (black spheres) to the other (gray spheres)) are formed as polycrystalline thin films oriented with the dichalcogenide layers parallel to the substrate surface. We are thus a step closer to being able to tune physical and chemical properties through the design of superlattices.
Evaluation of interference between IEEE 802.11b and Bluetooth in a typical office environment (2002)

Both 802.11b and Bluetooth operate in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and both these standards are expected to become prevalent in the near future. Thus, interference poses a major problem. The IEEE 802.15 wireless personal area networks (WPAN) group has done extensive mathematical modeling and simulation on this subject, but very little work has been done with actual Bluetooth and 802.11b radios with respect to actual office usage. This paper deals with actual radio interference experiments conducted in a typical office environment.
Emissivity coatings for low-temperature space radiators Quarterly progress report, 10 Oct. - 31 Dec. 1966 (1966)

Evaluation of aluminum silicate - potassium silicate, and zinc oxide - potassium silicate emissive coatings for spacecraft radiators
Inverse relationship between the expression of the human papillomavirus type 16 transcription factor E2 and virus DNA copy number during the progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (2000)

The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) status of 43 cervical biopsies, which had been characterized histologically as normal, various grades of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma, was examined by using (i) a novel antibody against the HPV-16 E2 protein, (ii) sensitive HPV-16 DNA in situ hybridization and (iii) microdissection/PCR for the E2 ORF. The data indicate that E2 protein expression is highest in koilocytes in lower-grade CIN (I), but decreases with increasing grade, whereas the detection of HPV DNA is delayed until CIN I/II, rising to the highest levels in carcinoma cells. Co-localization of E2 with HPV-16 DNA-positive cells was most commonly observed in koilocytes in CIN II lesions. PCR analyses of microdissected epithelium from the same or serial sections indicated that E2 ORFs were retained in an intact form in a number of higher-grade CIN lesions and invasive carcinomas.
Performance of Mechanical Bandpass Filters Used in Energy Scavenging in the Presence of Fabrication Errors and Coupling (2008)

In this paper, several mathematical models that are more realistic representations of mechanical bandpass filters are studied. Such filters can be used in energy scavengers to convert energy from vibration sources into small amount of electricity. A mechanical bandpass filter is an ensemble of cantilever beams where at the tip of each beam a mass, known as the proof mass, is mounted. A beam with a proof mass at its tip is called a beam-mass system. By studying a variety of models representing the filter dynamics, it will be unraveled to what extent fabrication errors in beam-mass systems of a filter and/or the coupling of such systems can alter the bandpass behavior of a fabricated filter.
Highly Stable Surface Functionalization of Microgas Chromatography Columns Using Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Silica Nanoparticles (2013)

A controllable and high-yield surface functionalization of silicon microchannels using layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of SiO2 nanoparticles (SNPs) is presented. The application of SNPs (45 nm average diameter) coating as a stationary phase for chromatographic separation is also demonstrated with surface functionalization using chloroalkylsilanes. This method facilitates a simple, low-cost, and parallel processing scheme that also provides homogeneous and stable nanoparticle-based stationary phases with ease of control over the coating thickness. The SNP-functionalized microfabricated columns with either single capillary channels (1 m long, 150 μm wide, 240 μm deep) or very narrow multicapillary channels (25 cm long, 30 μm wide, 240 μm deep, 16 parallel channels) successfully separated a multicomponent gas mixture with a wide range of boiling points with high reproducibility.
The Cocos-Keeling Islands: A Demographic Laboratory (1960)

Abstract The Cocos Islands, which are situated in the Indian Ocean approximately halfway between Colombo and Fremantle, were first peopled early in the nineteenth century and were gradually developed as a very isolated coconut plantation with a labour force consisting partly of persons of Malay stock descended from the original group of settlers and partly of Bantamese contract labourers from Java. As the Cocos-born population increased in size, the dependence on contract labour decreased and, before the end of the century, all immigration ceased. The 1947 Malay population of the islands was about 1,800. The islands are fascinating from a demographer's point of view because there was a virtually complete registration of live births, deaths and marriages and a partial registration of stillbirths. With these registration records it was possible to construct the life history of every individual from birth, through infancy and childhood to marriage, and thence through fatherhood or motherhood to death. The pi...
The use of bivalirudin to prevent subacute thrombosis during drug-eluting stent implantation. (2004)

Subacute thrombosis is an infrequent but potentially life-threatening complication of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) that has received much attention in association with drug-eluting stent (DES) deployment. We performed a retrospective case record review of 186 patients receiving PCI with DES placement at our facility. Patients received either bivalirudin (n=115) or heparin (n=71) as the foundation anticoagulant, with additional antiplatelet therapy as warranted. Two subacute thrombosis complications occurred and are described in detail. There were no deaths, major bleeding episodes or other significant complications. We report our findings and conclude that the addition of a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor does not eliminate the risk of subacute thrombosis and that bivalirudin appears to provide effective anticoagulation for patients undergoing PCI with placement of a DES.
Fiber Monitoring Using a Sub-Carrier Band in a Sub-Carrier Multiplexed Radio-Over-Fiber Transmission System for Applications in Analog Mobile Fronthaul (2016)

In this paper, we describe an efficient method for monitoring fiber links utilizing sub-carrier multiplexing. By assigning a void sub-carrier frequency band for monitoring purposes, the method reuses the data transmitter without any impact on data transmission and provides capability of in-service reflectometry measurements of fiber optic lines with 10-m spatial resolution and 1.0-dB fault detection sensitivity. Its promising properties and performance enable potential application in emerging networks such as relatively short distance analogue mobile fronthaul.
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION TRAINING COMPARED WITH RESISTANCE TRAINING: EFFECT ON SPASTICITY, MUSCLE STRENGTH AND MOTOR PERFORMANCE IN ADULTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY (2006)

These data suggest that an 8-week intervention of whole-body vibration training or resistance training can increase muscle strength, without negative effect on spasticity, in adults with cerebral palsy.
Thermotherapy using magnetic nanoparticles (2007)

The biological effectiveness of heat in treating cancer is known for decades and many of the corresponding molecular mechanisms are understood. Elevation of tissue temperature to above 41°C is termed hyperthermia, more than 46°C are called thermoablation. Hyperthermia alters the function of structural and enzymatic proteins within cells as a function of time and temperature, which in turn alters cell growth and differentiation, radiation sensitivity and resistance to certain drugs used in chemotherapy and also can induce apoptosis [13]. Thermoablation causes coagulation of cellular proteins, i.e. direct cell destruction.
Expression of a Uteroglobin-Like Protein in Human Prostate (1988)

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is a key enzyme that initiates the arachidonic acid cascade responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandins and leukotrienes, compounds well known for their inflammatory properties. Inhibition of this enzyme may modulate prostaglandin and leukotriene tissue levels. Uteroglobin is a potent PLA2 inhibitor found in rabbit uterus, prostate, seminal vesicle, and tracheobronchial tree. Tissue from ten human patients undergoing prostatectomy was examined for presence of a uteroglobin-like protein. Seven patients underwent transurethral resection and three had an open prostatectomy. Preoperative diagnosis in nine of the 10 patients was benign prostatic hypertrophy. One suspected, poorly differentiated, adenocarcinoma was confirmed and one unsuspected, well differentiated, adenocarcinoma was discovered. Specimens were submitted for Western blot, electron microscopy with immunogold staining, radioimmunoassay, and immunofluorescence. Six patients had evidence of uteroglobin-like protein, three with high levels (greater than or equal to 1000 pg./mg. protein), two with moderate levels (75 to 250 pg.), one with a low level (less than or equal to 75 pg.). Uteroglobin-like protein was present in all three patients who underwent open prostatectomy and in three of the seven patients with transurethral resections. The uteroglobin-like protein level was 2.5 to five times greater in both prostatic utricle specimens. All four assays corroborated these results. Because rabbit uteroglobin coats sperm and masks spermatic antigenicity in the rabbit female genital tract, this report of biochemical and immunological evidence for uteroglobin-like protein in the human prostate may have implications for human male fertility.
The cross entropy method for classification (2005)

We consider support vector machines for binary classification. As opposed to most approaches we use the number of support vectors (the "L0 norm") as a regularizing term instead of the L1 or L2 norms. In order to solve the optimization problem we use the cross entropy method to search over the possible sets of support vectors. The algorithm consists of solving a sequence of efficient linear programs. We report experiments where our method produces generalization errors that are similar to support vector machines, while using a considerably smaller number of support vectors.
Elastase released from human granulocytes stimulated with <i>N</i>‐formyl‐chemotactic peptide prevents activation of tumor cell prourokinase (pro‐uPA) (1989)

Proteolytic enzymes released from granulocytes upon stimulation with the chemotactic N-formyl peptide FNLPNTL (in the presence of cytochalasin B) prevented activation of tumor cell single-chain urokinase-type plasminogen activator (pro-uPA) by plasmin. Elastase was identified by the use of eglin C (elastase inhibitor) and a monoclonal antibody to elastase as the functional proteolytic enzyme in granulocyte supernatants. Action of purified granulocyte elastase on pro-uPA generated enzymatically inactive two-chain uPA linked by disulfide bridges which was indistinguishable by SDS-PAGE from plasmin-generated HMW-uPA. The major elastase cleavage site in pro-uPA was located between Ile159 and Ile160. a minor one between Thr165 and Thr166. Elastase cannot substitute for plasmin in the proteolytic activation of pro-uPA to enzymatically active HMW-uPA. However, when pro-uPA was first activated by plasmin to form enzymatically active HMW-uPA, this enzymatic activity was not impaired by subsequent elastase treatment.
Preparation and thermal properties of microencapsulated phase change material for enhancing fluid flow heat transfer (2006)

Abstract Microencapsulated phase change material (MEPCM) is formed by packing PCM into a microcapsule with a solid but flexible shell. MEPCM can be used to enhance liquid cooling performance considerably. In this paper, experiments on the preparation of MEPCM with a double‐layered shell have been conducted. An in‐situ polymerization microencapsulation process was used to prepare the MEPCM with melamine resin as the shell material and n‐Docosane (C 22 H 46 ) as the core material. Interesting parameters like the size of the prepared MEPCM, the core mass fraction in the MEPCM, and the thermal storage capability of the prepared MEPCM have been measured and analyzed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(1): 28–37, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20138
Possibility of Frequency Multiplication and Wave Amplification by Means of Some Relativistic Effects (1952)

A method is proposed of converting the frequency of an electromagnetic wave to a higher frequency by reflection from an electron cloud moving with relativistic velocity. Such an electron cloud can be reaized by compressing all or part of the electron beam of an electron accelerator into one or more groups. It is shown that there is a gain of wave energy arising from the relativistic law of reflection of a wave which is reflected from such a cloud. It is also shown on the basis of Bailey's relativistic electro-magneto-ionic theory that under certain circumstances the reflection from a moving slab of electrons may be increased considerably if the slab moves through a longitudinal or transverse magnetic field. It is estimated that a wave of length 1 mm and of a power at least one milliwatt can be generated by reflecting a wave of length 3 cm from the beam of small betatron. Equipment is being designed to test this prediction experimentally.
Solid-Phase Capture of Pathogenic Bacteria by Using Gangliosides and Detection with Real-Time PCR (2008)

We developed a method for concentrating pathogens from samples without enrichment. Immobilized gangliosides concentrated bacteria for detection with real-time PCR. A sensitivity of approximately 4 CFU/ml (3 h) in samples without competing microflora was achieved. Samples with competing microflora had a sensitivity of 40,000 CFU/ml. The variance was less than one cycle.
Linear Multiple Image Storage (1969)

The use of film as a linear storage medium is a relatively new application in the history of photographic emulsion. Drawing on this storage capability of film, we present a novel optical multiplex scheme. Four continuous tone image exposures are each multiplied by a unique spatial carrier, and the resulting exposure products are added sequentially on a single emulsion. The overlapping exposures are stored linearly by controlled photographic processing. Spatial filtering techniques are then applied to separate the image spectra and to retrieve the individual images. Crosstalk and aliasing are avoided by using carriers that properly sample and encode each exposure.