gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repeatedly Increased Efficiency and Success Rate From a New Solids-Cleanout Process Using Coiled Tubing: A Review of Recent Achievements From More Than 100 Operations (2008)

Summary Solids cleanouts using coiled tubing (CT) remain a major part of total activity in the CT industry. Because of the multitude of parameters that influence solids transport, it can be very challenging to design and execute solids cleanouts successfully with CT in highly deviated, larger wellbores with 7-in. production tubing, or even larger tubulars, installed. Numerous papers have been written about the development of wiper-trip cleanout technology and associated engineering design tools, but this paper is focused instead on important practical issues that directly impact the effective implementation of wiper-trip technology in the field. This paper presents the results and lessons learned based on a database that was compiled from more than 100 solids cleanout operations using wiper-trip methodologies. Results will be presented showing how the wiper trip cleanout methodology has improved cleanout efficiency and success rate. Examples are presented showing how the effectiveness of cleanout bottom-hole assemblies (BHAs) involving positive-displacement motors (PDMs) and mills has been improved, while simultaneously reducing stress on surface equipment during the operation. Circulation rates higher than specified maximum rates for the PDM are being used without danger of damaging the PDM, while reducing the total volume pumped through the PDM during the cleanout by 80–90%. Larger outer diameter (OD) items in the BHA are kept clean of solids while wiper tripping, reducing the risk of stuck CT and protecting sensitive completion components from undesirable interactions with the PDM/mill BHA. Multiple wiper trips can be performed in one run without the use of drop balls, while having the ability to use selected functions of critical BHA components and full-size drifting of the wellbore for subsequent operations. Field-proven procedures are explained, allowing solids loading in the annulus to be controlled and reduced when necessary, and allowing estimates of solids volumes during the cleanout to be established, on the basis of feedback from the cleanout BHA before any solids have actually reached surface.
Zum Gleichgewicht bei finiten Elementen (2000)

Abstract Im Zusammenhang mit finiten Elementen wird der Gleichgewichtsbegriff in ganz unterschiedlichem Sinne gebraucht, und es ist nicht immer ganz klar, was unter Gleichgewicht in dem jeweiligen Kontext verstanden wird, was z. B. "Gleichgewicht an den Knoten" bedeutet. In diesem Aufsatz wird gezeigt, welche Gleichgewichtsbedingungein eine FE‐Lösung erfüllt. Zu diesem Zweck wird der Begriff des äquivalenten Lastfalls eingeführt und die FE‐Lösung als die Lösung dieses Lastfalls interpretiert. Man kommt damit zum Begriff des "Gleichgewichts über Kreuz" und zur Diskussion der Frage, wann die Lagerkräfte und Schnittkräfte mit den korrespondierenden Größen übereinstimmen. Insbesondere geben wir einen topologischen Beweis dafür, warum lokal das Gleichgewicht verletzt ist.
Source monitoring deficits in patients with schizophrenia; a multinomial modelling analysis (1999)

The application of multinomial models to source monitoring data suggests that schizophrenia patients have source monitoring deficits that are not limited to the distinction between internally-generated and externally-perceived information. However, when schizophrenia patients do not remember the source of information, they may be more likely than controls to report that it came from an external source.
Bactericidal and In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Moringa oleifera Seed Extract and Its Elemental Analysis Using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2020)

In the current study, we present the correlation between the capability of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) to monitor the elemental compositions of plants and their biological effects. The selected plant, <i>Moringa oleifera</i>, is known to harbor various minerals and vitamins useful for human health and is a potential source for pharmaceutical interventions. From this standpoint, we assessed the antibacterial and in vitro cytotoxicity of the bioactive components present in <i>Moringa oleifera</i> seed (MOS) extract. Detailed elemental analyses of pellets of MOSs were performed via LIBS. Furthermore, the LIBS outcome was validated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The LIBS signal was recorded, and the presence of the essential elements (Na, Ca, Se, K, Mg, Zn, P, S, Fe and Mn) in the MOSs were examined. The bactericidal efficacy of the alcoholic MOS extract was examined against <i>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i><i>(S. aureus)</i> by agar well diffusion (AWD) assays and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which depicted greater inhibition against Gram-positive bacteria. The validity and DNA nuclear morphology of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT-116) cells were evaluated via an MTT assay and DAPI staining. The MTT assay results manifested a profoundly inhibitory action of MOS extract on HCT116 cell growth. Additionally, MOS extracts produced inhibitory action in colon cancer cells (HCT-116), whereas no inhibitory action was seen using the same concentrations of MOS extract on HEK-293 cells (non-cancerous cells), suggesting that MOS extracts could be non-cytotoxic to normal cells. The antibacterial and anticancer potency of these MOS extracts could be due to the presence of various bioactive chemical complexes, such as ethyl ester and D-allose and hexadecenoic, oleic and palmitic acids, making them an ideal candidate for pharmaceutical research and applications.
Human Skin Detection Using RGB, HSV and YCbCr Color Models (2017)

Human Skin detection deals with the recognition of skin-colored pixels and regions in a given image. Skin color is often used in human skin detection because it is invariant to orientation and size and is fast to process. A new human skin detection algorithm is proposed in this paper. The three main parameters for recognizing a skin pixel are RGB (Red, Green, Blue), HSV (Hue, Saturation, Value) and YCbCr (Luminance, Chrominance) color models. The objective of proposed algorithm is to improve the recognition of skin pixels in given images. The algorithm not only considers individual ranges of the three color parameters but also takes into account combinational ranges which provide greater accuracy in recognizing the skin area in a given image.
Synthesis and Characterization of Starch Citrate−Chitosan Foam with Superior Water and Saline Absorbance Properties (2010)

The objective of this research was to synthesize and characterize high-value foam gel materials with unique absorptive and mechanical properties from starch citrate-chitosan. The effects of starch citrate concentration, pH, solid to liquid ratio, reaction time, and temperature on absorbency, weight loss in water, and strength were determined. The cross-linked starch citrate-chitosan foam is flexible and elastic and has significantly increased absorbance and strength and decreased weight loss in water compared to starch-chitosan foam. A unique characteristic of the starch citrate-chitosan foam is that it absorbs more saline solution than pure water, which is the opposite of current commercial super absorbents. An increased strength, increased degradation temperature, increased storage modulus, and decreased weight loss in water for starch citrate-chitosan relative to starch-chitosan are in agreement with amide bonds formed between the carboxyl group of starch citrate and the amino group of chitosan.
The Roles of T-Type Calcium Channel in the Development of Neuropathic Pain following Chronic Compression of Rat Dorsal Root Ganglia (2010)

This study aimed to elucidate the role of T-type calcium channels in the nociceptive signal transmission at the spinal level. The chronic compression of dorsal root ganglion (CCD) rat model was adopted. Three doses (50, 100 and 200 microg in groups Mib50, Mib100 and Mib200, respectively) of specific T-type Ca2+ channel inhibitors mibefradil (Mib) or normal saline (NS) were intrathecally administered on the 5th day after the CCD model had been established. The paw withdrawal latency from a noxious thermal stimulus and paw withdrawal mechanical threshold of von Frey filament was used to measure the thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia, respectively. Lumbar spinal cords of the rats isolated on the 5th day after the operation were prepared to measure the mRNA expression of T-type (Cav3.1, Cav3.2 and Cav3.3) calcium channel with RT-PCR methods. The results demonstrated that CCD rats produced reliable thermal hyperalgesia and tactile allodynia after surgery. The intrathecal administration of Mib significantly suppressed thermal hyperalgesia and allodynia in CCD rats (p< 0.01), and the inhibitory effect lasted for 2 h. However, only Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 T-type calcium channel mRNA were detected in the lumbar spinal cord of rats, and there were no Cav3.1 calcium channels. Compared with native and sham groups, the Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 calcium channel mRNA expression increased significantly (p < 0.05). These data support the view that spinal T-type calcium (Cav3.2 and Cav3.3 but not Cav3.1) channels may play an important role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain.
β-Catenin downregulation attenuates ischemic cardiac remodeling through enhanced resident precursor cell differentiation (2008)

We analyzed the effect of conditional, alphaMHC-dependent genetic beta-catenin depletion and stabilization on cardiac remodeling following experimental infarct. beta-Catenin depletion significantly improved 4-week survival and left ventricular (LV) function (fractional shortening: CT(Deltaex3-6): 24 +/- 1.9%; beta-cat(Deltaex3-6): 30.2 +/- 1.6%, P < 0.001). beta-Catenin stabilization had opposite effects. No significant changes in adult cardiomyocyte survival or hypertrophy were observed in either transgenic line. Associated with the functional improvement, LV scar cellularity was altered: beta-catenin-depleted mice showed a marked subendocardial and subepicardial layer of small cTnT(pos) cardiomyocytes associated with increased expression of cardiac lineage markers Tbx5 and GATA4. Using a Cre-dependent lacZ reporter gene, we identified a noncardiomyocyte cell population affected by alphaMHC-driven gene recombination localized to these tissue compartments at baseline. These cells were found to be cardiac progenitor cells since they coexpressed markers of proliferation (Ki67) and the cardiomyocyte lineage (alphaMHC, GATA4, Tbx5) but not cardiac Troponin T (cTnT). The cell population overlaps in part with both the previously described c-kit(pos) and stem cell antigen-1 (Sca-1)(pos) precursor cell population but not with the Islet-1(pos) precursor cell pool. An in vitro coculture assay of highly enriched (>95%) Sca-1(pos) cardiac precursor cells from beta-catenin-depleted mice compared to cells isolated from control littermate demonstrated increased differentiation toward alpha-actin(pos) and cTnT(pos) cardiomyocytes after 10 days (CT(Deltaex3-6): 38.0 +/- 1.0% alpha-actin(pos); beta-cat(Deltaex3-6): 49.9 +/- 2.4% alpha-actin(pos), P < 0.001). We conclude that beta-catenin depletion attenuates postinfarct LV remodeling in part through increased differentiation of GATA4(pos)/Sca-1(pos) resident cardiac progenitor cells.
THE PROBLEM OF THE ARTIFICIAL ARM (1918)

The problem of the artificial arm presents many difficulties.Some of these have been overcome, and some apparently can be; but others from their very nature appear insurmountable.It seems wise, there-
Direct computation of the sound from a compressible co-rotating vortex pair (1995)

The far-field sound generated by compressible co-rotating vortices is computed by direct computation of the unsteady compressible Navier–Stokes equations on a computational domain that extends to two acoustic wavelengths in all directions. The vortices undergo a period of co-rotation followed by a sudden merger. The directly computed far-field sound is compared to the prediction of the acoustic analogy due to Möhring (1978, 1979), a modified form of the analogy developed by Lighthill (1952), and an acoustic analogy derived by Powell (1964). All three predictions are in excellent agreement with the simulation. Results of far-field pressure fluctuations from an acoustically non-compact, co-rotating vortex pair are also presented. In this case, the vortex sound theory over-predicts the sound by 65% in accordance with the analysis of Yates (1978).
Ovulation prediction by monitoring salivary and vaginal electrical resistance with the PEAK Ovulation Predictor. (1989)

We investigated the ability of the PEAK Ovulation Predictor to predict the expected date of ovulation in 21 infertile, spontaneously ovulating women. A nonsignificant correlation (R = 0.15; P = .51) existed between the predicted date of ovulation and the day of the serum LH peak. A moderately strong correlation (R = 0.61; P less than .01) was observed between the day of the salivary electrical resistance peak and that of the serum LH peak. However, the serum LH peak occurred between 4-9 days after an identified peak in salivary electrical resistance. Twice-daily urine LH testing correlated strongly with both the serum LH peak (R = 0.93; P = .0001) and the ultrasound-detected day of ovulation (R = 0.81; P = .0001). A statistically significant peak in the mean salivary or vaginal electrical resistance on a particular day relative to the day of the serum LH peak could not be demonstrated. When identified, the nadir in vaginal electrical resistance occurred no earlier than 2 days before the serum LH peak and thus may mark the endpoint of the fertile period for natural family planning methods. We conclude that, whereas the PEAK Ovulation Predictor is of little value in accurately predicting ovulation, measurements of salivary and vaginal electrical resistance may be helpful in timing inseminations. However, for detection of the serum LH surge, twice-daily urine LH testing demonstrated a stronger correlation and narrower frequency distribution than did those determinations based on electrical resistance.
Development of a Bacillus subtilis cell-free transcription-translation system for prototyping regulatory elements (2016)

Cell-free transcription-translation systems were originally applied towards in vitro protein production. More recently, synthetic biology is enabling these systems to be used within a systematic design context for prototyping DNA regulatory elements, genetic logic circuits and biosynthetic pathways. The Gram-positive soil bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, is an established model organism of industrial importance. To this end, we developed several B. subtilis-based cell-free systems. Our improved B. subtilis WB800N-based system was capable of producing 0.8µM GFP, which gave a ~72x fold-improvement when compared with a B. subtilis 168 cell-free system. Our improved system was applied towards the prototyping of a B. subtilis promoter library in which we engineered several promoters, derived from the wild-type P<sub>grac</sub> (σA) promoter, that display a range of comparable in vitro and in vivo transcriptional activities. Additionally, we demonstrate the cell-free characterisation of an inducible expression system, and the activity of a model enzyme - renilla luciferase.
A Radiofrequency High-Voltage Generator (1935)

A large radio oscillator with unrectified alternating anode power-supply sends high-frequency power into a 50 meter wave-length antenna which is coiled up without insulation, and enclosed in a metal vacuum tank. Over 800,000 volts is generated inside of the tank exactly where it is to be used for x-rays or for accelerating ions. There is no insulation to become punctured. Single tuned-circuit resonance transformers are superior to coupled tuned-circuit Tesla coils. Resonance transformers, oscillator circuits, power tubes, power supply and coil construction are described. X-ray production, and ion acceleration are outlined.
SLOW FIBER-RICH PLANTARIS MUSCLE ABUNDANTLY EXPRESSES mRNA FOR MCIP1 IN RATS (2003)

Mammalian skeletal muscles contain slow (type I) and fast (type II) muscle fibers in various ratios. The slow fiber has higher ability in oxidative phosphorylation compared to the fast fiber, and its preservation and maintenance are important for physical exercise and health promotion. Recently, the calcineurin signaling pathway has been reported to induce fast-to-slow muscle fiber conversion in rodents by activating the expression of slow fiber-specific genes (Fig. 1). However, it remains elusive whether genes in the calcineurin signaling pathway are differently expressed in the slow and fast fibers. To address this question, we investigated the expression of genes involved in this pathway of slow fiber-rich plantaris muscle, in addition to fast fiber-rich gastrocnemius and
Subunit Structure of L-Arabinose Isomerase from Escherichia coli (1969)

Abstract l-Arabinose isomerase, isolated from l-arabinose-induced cultures of Escherichia coli B/r, has a molecular weight of 362,000 and an s020,w of 12.6 x 10-13 sec. Protonation of purified l-arabinose isomerase at pH 2.0 or treatment with 8 m urea results in the dissociation of the native enzyme into subunits which are homogeneous in the ultracentrifuge and which migrate as a single band on disc eletrophoresis in acrylamide gel containing urea. Physical characterization of the subunits has yielded an s020,w of 2.85 x 10-13 sec with a significant dependence of the sedimentation coefficient on protein concentration. The molecular weight, determined by sedimentation equilibrium, is 6.0 ± 0.26 x 104, indicating 6 identical subunits per molecule of native enzyme. No defined dissociation intermediates corresponding to dimers or trimers were detected by either protonation or treatment with 8 m urea. The identity of the subunits was substantiated by peptide mapping of cyanogen bromide-cleaved, performic acid-oxidized, 14C-carbamylated enzyme. The amino acid composition of the native enzyme includes 95.4 moles of methionine per 363,000 g of enzyme; after cyanogen bromide cleavage, a total of 18 to 19 peptides was detected by acrylamide gel electrophoresis, high voltage electrophoresis, and descending chromatography.
Bowling Regions of North America (1985)

The five indoor bowling games of the Anglo-American culture realm and French Canada—tenpins, fivepins, duckpins, candlepins and rubberband duckpins— all occupy specific regions. Tenpins is played everywhere except in the Canadian Maritimes. Fivepins is an exclusively Canadian game, strongest in western Canada. Candlepins is restricted to Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire and parts of the Maritimes. Duckpins occupies two regions, one around Baltimore/Washington and the second in southern New England. Rubberband duckpins is the dominant game in Quebec and dying out in its region of origin around Pittsburgh. The four small-ball games developed in the late 19th and early 20th century as innovators in Worcester, Massachusetts (candlepins), Toronto (fivepins), Pittsburgh (rubberband duckpins) and an unknown location (duckpins) changed the equipment and rules of tenpins to find a less strenuous and technically more challenging game. All the games quickly won local converts and some succeeded in expanding their region of play as population moved and organizations were founded to spread the games. Today tenpins and fivepins dominate bowling in the United States and Canada, but in the East small-ball games still exist as a case of persistent regional variation within a national popular culture.
Motion perception and aging. (1992)

The authors used a correlated motion paradigm to investigate the effects of aging and gender on motion sensitivity. In 2 experiments with a total of 50 elderly and 50 young subjects, motion thresholds were significantly higher for elderly women. The correlated motion signal, which was embedded in random motion, may have been coherent to subjects in much the same way a form is in Witkin's Embedded Figures Test (EFT). In Experiment 2, EFT scores were obtained. A significant positive relationship between motion thresholds and EFT performance was found within each age group. Although gender-related perceptual style differences may contribute to motion perception effects, the authors argue that a common neural factor contributes to performance on both the EFT and the correlated motion task.
SPECTROSCOPIC LINE SHAPES OF BROAD BAND SUM FREQUENCY GENERATION (2008)

Colorectal carcinoma is one of the most common types of malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related death. Although clinicopathological parameters provide invaluable prognostic information, the accuracy of prognosis can be improved by using molecular biomarker signatures. Using a large dataset of immunohistochemistry-based biomarkers (n = 66), this study has developed an effective methodology for identifying optimal biomarker combinations as a prognostic tool. Biomarkers were screened and assigned to related subsets before being analysed using an iterative algorithm customised for evaluating combinatorial interactions between biomarkers based on their combined statistical power. A signature consisting of six biomarkers was identified as the best combination in terms of prognostic power. The combination of biomarkers (STAT1, UCP1, p-cofilin, LIMK2, FOXP3, and ICOS) was significantly associated with overall survival when computed as a linear variable (χ<sup>2</sup> = 53.183, p < 0.001) and as a cluster variable (χ<sup>2</sup> = 67.625, p < 0.001). This signature was also significantly independent of age, extramural vascular invasion, tumour stage, and lymph node metastasis (Wald = 32.898, p < 0.001). Assessment of the results in an external cohort showed that the signature was significantly associated with prognosis (χ<sup>2</sup> = 14.217, p = 0.007). This study developed and optimised an innovative discovery approach which could be adapted for the discovery of biomarkers and molecular interactions in a range of biological and clinical studies. Furthermore, this study identified a protein signature that can be utilised as an independent prognostic method and for potential therapeutic interventions.
HAM1, the gene controlling 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine sensitivity and mutagenesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1996)

The ham1 mutant of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is sensitive to the mutagenic and lethal effects of the base analog, 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP). We have isolated a clone from a centromere-plasmid-based genomic library complementing HAP sensitivity of the ham1 strain. After subcloning, a 3.4 kb functional fragment was sequenced. It contained three open reading frames (ORFs) corresponding to proteins 353, 197 and 184 amino acids long. LEU2+ disruptions of the promoter and N-terminal part of the gene coding 197 amino acids long protein led to moderate and strong sensitivity to HAP, respectively, and were allelic to the original ham1-1 mutation. Thus this ORF represents the HAM1 gene. The deduced amino acid sequence of HAM1 protein was not similar to any protein sequence of the SwissProt database. The HAM1 gene was localized on the right arm of chromosome X between cdc8 and cdc11. Spontaneous mutagenesis was not affected by the ham1::LEU2 disruption mutation.