gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addition of a frequency-weighted score to the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale: the BEHAVE-AD-FW: methodology and reliability (2001)

The Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD) is a well-established instrument, designed to assess potentially remediable behavioral symptoms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients as well as to evaluate treatment outcome. It consists of 25 symptoms grouped into seven categories. Each symptom is scored on the basis of severity on a four-point scale. A knowledgeable caregiver is queried and items are scored on the basis of symptoms noted in the preceding two weeks. Reliability, construct validity and criterion validity data for the BEHAVE-AD have previously been published. Because of the significance of psychopathology in dementia, it is necessary to optimally describe and define the nature, magnitude and prevalence of behavioral symptomatology. Accordingly, a frequency component was added to each of the 25 items of the BEHAVE-AD scale. The objective of the present report is to describe this new Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency-Weighted Severity Scale (BEHAVE-AD-FW) and to establish its inter-rater reliability. In this investigation the BEHAVE-AD-FW scale was administered to caregivers of 28 patients with either mildly impaired cognitive function or a dementia diagnosis. Two clinicians separately and independently rated the responses. Analyses determined that the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the frequency component varied between 0.86 and 0.97 for each of the seven BEHAVE-AD categories (p(s) < 0.001). ICCs for the frequency-weighted scores (item severity score x item frequency score) ranged from 0.69 to 0.98 for the seven symptom categories (p(s) < 0.001). For the BEHAVE-AD-FW total scores, the ICC was 0.91 (P < 0.001). These results indicate that the frequency-weighted component is a reliable addition to the BEHAVE-AD scale.
Low-loss TCP/IP header compression for wireless networks (1996)

Wireless i~; becoming a popular way to connect mobile computers to the Internet and other networks. The bandwidth of wireless links will probably always be limited d1lf to properties of the physical medium and regulatory limits on the n~;e of frcqncncies for radio communication. Therefore. it is necessary for network protocols to utilize the available bandwidth efficiently.
Suppression of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a strain-free single-mode optical fiber with nonuniform dopant concentration along its length (1993)

Although optical-fiber amplifiers with high gain are currently available, the effective optical power that can be launched into optical fibers is limited by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Two attempts have been made to overcome this problem. One was the application of periodic strain during the fiber drawing process,1 and the other involved stranding fibers into a cable with a double-helix structure.2 Both methods rely on the fact that the Brillouin frequency shift vB changes with the strain applied to the fibers.3 However, large residual stress is undesirable with respect to the long-term reliability of optical fibers because it increases the probability of fiber breakage due to fatigue.4
A Perspective on Copper and Liver Disease in the Dog (2000)

Copper is a ubiquitous trace metal necessary for normal function of a variety of cellular proteins. Intracellular copper metabolism is complex, and only a few of the proteins/genes involved are known. Copper deficiency does not appear to be a clinical problem in dogs. Excess copper accumulation in the liver as a cause of hepatitis and cirrhosis was first demonstrated among Bedlington terriers. Subsequently, copper accumulation in the liver has been shown to occur in several other breeds of dogs. Excess hepatic copper has been found in dogs with normal liver histology, dogs with hepatitis, and dogs with end stage cirrhosis. Evidence is accumulating that copper is a cause of liver disease in breeds of dogs other than Bedlington terriers. Moreover, as more data are accumulated, the copper storage disease appears to have characteristics that are very similar among all of the affected breeds.
Phase-matched third-order frequency generation in TiO<inf>2</inf> rutile single crystal (2006)

We investigated third harmonic generation and triple photon generation properties of TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> rutile single crystal, including phase-matching and figure of merit. We demonstrated that TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is more efficient than KTiOPO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> .
Estrogen cross‐talk with the melatonin signaling pathway in human osteoblasts derived from adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients (2008)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) represents the most frequently occurring form of scoliosis that occurs and progresses in puberty. This critical period coincides with many biological changes related to estrogens. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of 17-beta-estradiol on the responsiveness of AIS osteoblasts to melatonin and the cross-talk between estrogen and melatonin at the levels of the G(S)alpha and G(i)alpha proteins. Human osteoblasts derived from AIS (n = 40) and control patients (n = 10) were first screened for their functional response to the melatonin and 17-beta-estradiol. In response to the 17-beta-estradiol in a specific group of scoliotic patients, the level of 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) was significantly decreased when compared with the level observed in the presence of increasing concentrations of melatonin alone. Ours results provide strong evidence of the cross-talk between 17-beta-estradiol and melatonin signaling in human AIS osteoblasts. These results indicate a novel role for 17-beta-estradiol and melatonin in AIS, controlling the coupling of G(S)alpha protein and MT2 receptor on human osteoblasts. We found that the increased cAMP levels induced by melatonin can be corrected by the treatment of the cells with 17-beta-estradiol. Thus, estrogens or estrogen receptor agonists become important compounds to consider in AIS osteoblast cell functioning. Consequently, our results add a new facet to the understanding the role and function of melatonin in AIS.
Thermodynamics of cis-trans Isomerizations. The 1,2-Difluoroethylenes (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamics of cis-trans Isomerizations. The 1,2-DifluoroethylenesNorman C. Craig and Eric A. EntemannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 14, 3047–3050Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01475a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01475a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views634Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Temperature Oxidation and Corrosion of Engineering Ceramics (1992)

The problems of high temperature oxidation and corrosion of Si3N4 and SiC are discussed, other ceramics usually do not meet the requirements of structural applications at high temperatures. If the application has to meet very defined limits of size change it is necessary to specify the exact material composition as well as the atmosphere composition and physical environment to be able to specify the limits. This is in any case true for extremely reducing conditions or very high temperatures. Under oxidising conditions the region between ≈ 850–1100°C should be avoided when salty, sulfurous and wet fuel conditions are expected. High temperature limits for long-time applications of Si3N4 in oxidising environments are between 1200–1400°C, corresponding to eutectic temperatures of the glass phase. The ultimate temperature limit for long-time use of SiC is likely to be between 1700–1800°C, where bubble formation and spallation may become inevitable.
Wide-Band Balun Transformer (1957)

This paper describes a wide-band balun transformer which was developed for use with a 200-Mc band-width oscilloscope deflection amplifier. The balun has a band width extending from below 50 kc to above 500 Mc. Input impedance data and pulse responses are presented. One balun coil can be used alone as a passive wide-band pulse inverter.
An Unsupervised Approach for Inferring Driver Behavior From Naturalistic Driving Data (2015)

Intelligent transportation systems are able to collect large volumes of high-resolution data. The amount of data collected by these systems can quickly overwhelm the ability of human analysts to draw meaningful conclusions from the data, particularly in large-scale multivehicle field trials. As advanced driver assistance systems develop, they will also be required to form a rich and high-level understanding of the world from the data they receive, including the behavior of the driver. These applications motivate the need for unsupervised tools capable of forming a high-level summary of low-level driving data. This paper presents an unsupervised method for converting naturalistic driving data into high-level behaviors. The proposed method works in two steps. In the first step, inertial data are automatically decomposed into linear segments. In the second step, the segments are assigned to high-level driving behaviors. The proposed method is computationally efficient and completely unsupervised and requires minimal preprocessing. Although the method is unsupervised, the clusters produced exhibit high-level patterns that can easily be associated with driving behaviors such as braking, turning, accelerating, and coasting. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated in an offline application where the objective is to summarize inertial data into driving behaviors. The method is also demonstrated in an online application where the aim is to infer the current driving behavior using only inertial data. Both experiments were conducted using driving data collected in natural driving conditions.
Squaring architecture for <i>GF</i> (2 <sup>m</sup> )and itsapplications in cryptographic systems (2000)

A squaring architecture for standard basis field representation is presented. The architecture is based on the observation that a squaring operation in GF(2m) can be transformed into an addition and a multiplication of two elements of special form, the computational time of which depends on the form of the field polynomial.
A Data‐Driven Approach for Real‐Time Clothes Simulation<sup>†</sup> (2005)

Abstract A data‐driven approach for the real‐time processing of clothes, particularly suitable for simulating dresses worn by virtual characters, is proposed. It starts, prior to real‐time simulation, by analyzing cloth behavior in relation to the underlying skeleton movement from a presimulated sequence of the cloth obtained using any high‐quality off‐line simulators. The idea is to use this analysis to find an optimal combination of physics‐based simulation and geometric approximation of the simulator; potentially colliding regions are defined on the cloth such that they will hold true for the skeleton movement that closely matches that of presimulated sequence. At runtime, using these analyses, our simulation process provides both visually pleasing results and performance, as long as the motion of the character remains sufficiently close to the original sequence used for the precomputation. The key contributions of this paper are (1) efficient collision handling that prunes out potentially colliding objects by using the off‐line simulation sequence as examples; (2) data‐driven fix‐up process for the coarse mesh simulation that deduces the gross behavior of the cloth; and (3) geometric approximation of the fine mesh deformation, responsible for details in the shape of the cloth such as wrinkles .
Dense linear algebra solvers for multicore with GPU accelerators (2010)

Solving dense linear systems of equations is a fundamental problem in scientific computing. Numerical simulations involving complex systems represented in terms of unknown variables and relations between them often lead to linear systems of equations that must be solved as fast as possible. We describe current efforts toward the development of these critical solvers in the area of dense linear algebra (DLA) for multicore with GPU accelerators. We describe how to code/develop solvers to effectively use the high computing power available in these new and emerging hybrid architectures. The approach taken is based on hybridization techniques in the context of Cholesky, LU, and QR factorizations. We use a high-level parallel programming model and leverage existing software infrastructure, e.g. optimized BLAS for CPU and GPU, and LAPACK for sequential CPU processing. Included also are architecture and algorithm-specific optimizations for standard solvers as well as mixed-precision iterative refinement solvers. The new algorithms, depending on the hardware configuration and routine parameters, can lead to orders of magnitude acceleration when compared to the same algorithms on standard multicore architectures that do not contain GPU accelerators. The newly developed DLA solvers are integrated and freely available through the MAGMA library.
A Porcine Brain Protein (35K Protein) which Bundles Microtubules and Its Identification as Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase1 (1983)

A protein which binds to both tubulin and tubulin polymer was isolated from porcine brains. This protein has a molecular weight of 35,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (designated as 35 K protein). The 35 K protein was purified through several steps of purification including ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration column chromatography, microtubule protein-agarose gel affinity column chromatography and phosphocellulose column chromatography. The 35 K protein caused pronounced enhancement of the turbidity increase produced by tubulin polymerization in the presence of DMSO, but did not have the ability to initiate polymerization of pure tubulin in the absence of DMSO. It was demonstrated that 35 K protein co-sediments with tubulin polymer in a concentration-dependent manner. Electron microscopic observation revealed the formation of bundles of tubulin polymer. Since the effect of 35 K protein was coupled with tubulin polymerization, 35 K protein did not cause the turbidity increase under conditions where tubulin polymerization was inhibited by Ca2+ or colchicine. The 35 K protein adsorbed on tubulin-Sepharose 4B was eluted by the addition of 2 mM ATP. ATP was shown to inhibit the interaction of 35 K protein with tubulin dimer or polymer. The 35 K protein was finally identified as glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from properties such as mobility on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, cleavage pattern on limited proteolysis, ability to bind to tubulin, and so on.
Elusive Security in the GDR: Remigrants from the West at the Faculty of Journalism in Leipzig, 1945–61 (2013)

This article explores how the GDR dealt with intellectual remigrants, in particular ‘bildungsbürgerlich Marxist intellectuals’, who had survived the Third Reich in Western exile. It analyses the political biographies of three such remigrants, namely the journalist Hermann Budzislawski, the publisher and author Wieland Herzfelde, and the journalist and party functionary Hans Teubner. In the late 1940s and 1950s, these three men were appointed to professorships at the Faculty of Journalism at Leipzig University, a future training school of party journalists, and thus ﬁlled important strategic positions at the intersection of higher education, mass media, and politics. However, their biographies testify to more than just individual success stories. They point to the difﬁculties of returning Communists in adapting to the political realities of the GDR in the 1950s, marked by widespread distrust and coercion. Behind the scenes, the remigrants in question here were put under enormous pressure to bow to Party command. As Budzislawski and Herzfelde were Jewish, the article also discusses to what extent their problems were related to antisemitic prejudices in the Stalinist period of the GDR. Regardless of individual differences, this article demonstrates that one of the central hopes of the remigrants, that is, to erase the scars of emigration, remained unfulﬁlled.
Fabrication and applications of lift-off vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) disks (2002)

Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are prepared by standard epitaxial crystal growth techniques on GaAs substrates. The VCSELs include AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) and selectively oxidized AlAs or AlGaAs current confinement/optical wave-guiding layers. An additional one-lambda-thick selectively oxidized AlAs layer is placed beneath the VCSEL and used as a sacrificial layer. The entire VCSEL disk, geometrically defined by first etching a mesa down into the GaAs substrate, is separated from the substrate by selectively removing the sacrificial Al-oxide layer by wet chemical etching. The lift-off VCSEL disks designed for emission at 980 nanometers have a typical diameter of 10 to 50 micrometers and a typical thickness of 7 to 8 micrometers. In this paper I present the design, fabrication, and potential applications of lift-off VCSEL disks.
Sildenafil (Viagra) Induces Neurogenesis and Promotes Functional Recovery After Stroke in Rats (2002)

Sildenafil increases brain levels of cGMP, evokes neurogenesis, and reduces neurological deficits when given to rats 2 or 24 hours after stroke. These data suggest that this drug that is presently in the clinic for sexual dysfunction may have a role in promoting recovery from stroke.
Repellents for Escherichia coli operate neither by changing membrane fluidity nor by being sensed by periplasmic receptors during chemotaxis (1990)

A long-standing question in bacterial chemotaxis is whether repellents are sensed by receptors or whether they change a general membrane property such as the membrane fluidity and this change, in turn, is sensed by the chemotaxis system. This study addressed this question. The effects of common repellents on the membrane fluidity of Escherichia coli were measured by the fluorescence polarization of the probe 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene in liposomes made of lipids extracted from the bacteria and in membrane vesicles. Glycerol, indole, and L-leucine had no significant effect on the membrane fluidity. NiSO4 decreased the membrane fluidity but only at concentrations much higher than those which elicit a repellent response in intact bacteria. This indicated that these repellents are not sensed by modulating the membrane fluidity. Aliphatic alcohols, on the other hand, fluidized the membrane, but the concentrations that elicited a repellent response were not equally effective in fluidizing the membrane. The response of intact bacteria to alcohols was monitored in various chemotaxis mutants and found to be missing in mutants lacking all the four methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins (MCPs) or the cytoplasmic che gene products. The presence of any single MCP was sufficient for the expression of a repellent response. It is concluded (i) that the repellent response to aliphatic alcohols can be mediated by any MCP and (ii) that although an increase in membrane fluidity may take part in a repellent response, it is not the only mechanism by which aliphatic alcohols, or at least some of them, are effective as repellents. To determine whether any of the E. coli repellents are sensed by periplasmic receptors, the effects of repellents from various classes on periplasm-void cells were examined. The responses to all the repellents tested (sodium benzoate, indole, L-leucine, and NiSO4) were retained in these cells. In a control experiment, the response of the attractant maltose, whose receptor is periplasmic, was lost. This indicates that these repellents are not sensed by periplasmic receptors. In view of this finding and the involvement of the MCPs in repellent sensing, it is proposed that the MCPs themselves are low-affinity receptors for the repellents.
Streptokinase Entrapment in Interdigitation-Fusion Liposomes Improves Thrombolysis in an Experimental Rabbit Model (1997)

The successful design of new thrombolytic agents depends on providing these agents with increased clot selectivity. As recently demonstrated (10), entrapment of tissue plasminogen activator into liposomes apparently provided the selective targeting needed to improve the efficacy of this fibrinolytic agent. To test whether liposomal entrapment would benefit streptokinase, a fibrinolytic agent with a different mode of action and inactivation, we compared liposomal streptokinase with free streptokinase in an experimental rabbit model of thrombolysis. First we adapted a new method to produce liposomes of high entrapment efficiency, termed interdigitation-fusion (IF) liposomes, for the encapsulation of streptokinase. This system was then tested in an in vivo rabbit model of thrombolysis where animals with established clots were infused with either free streptokinase (40,000 U/kg), liposomally entrapped streptokinase, free streptokinase+empty liposomes, or the corresponding amount of empty liposomes or saline. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the percent clot lysis were observed between saline control (22.4 +/- 3.3%; mean +/- S.E.), free streptokinase (36.3 +/- 3.4%), and liposomal streptokinase (47.4 +/- 1.4%). Importantly, animals treated with empty liposomes experienced a level of thrombolysis (32.4 +/- 2.8%) not different to that produced by free streptokinase or empty liposomes plus free streptokinase (38.0 +/- 2.0%). We believe the effect of liposomes alone is due to a transient redistribution or margination of circulating platelets. When tested in rabbits immunized against streptokinase, liposomal (33.8 +/- 1.5%) but not free streptokinase (29.3 +/- 2.1%) showed significant thrombolytic activity compared to saline (22.4 +/- 3.3%) (p < 0.05). The thrombolytic activity was comparable to free streptokinase in non-immunized rabbits. This suggests liposomal streptokinase would have better thrombolytic activity than streptokinase alone and still provide to those patients possessing high levels of anti-streptokinase antibodies (5% of the population) the equivalent degree of therapy expected from free streptokinase.