gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liberation/Emancipation, Economic Marginalization, or Less Chivalry (1984)

Abstract The alleged criminogenic nature of female liberation/emancipation has been tested recently by numerous North American researchers. Not only did the results lead them to different conclusions, but they did not test simultaneously for the effects on female conviction rates of increasing economic marginalization or less chivalrous treatment by the public, police, or courts toward female suspects. Data relating to England and Wales for 1951‐1980 are used to test these competing explanations for changes in female criminality. The results give little support to the emancipation/liberation causes female crime hypothesis, but do provide limited support for the marginalization thesis. However, changes in social labelling appear to have a significant impact on female conviction rates, suggesting that previous researches omitting this possibility were seriously deficient. The authors suggest further research on actual women's lives and behavioral responses as a means of testing the effects of liberation/emancipation and marginalization on female criminal behavior.
Parallel networks for machine vision (1991)

Abstract: The amount of computation required to solve many early vision problems is prodigious, and so it has long been thought that systems that operate in a reasonable amount of time will only become feasible when parallel systems become available. Such systems now exist in digital form, but most are large and expensive. These machines constitute an invaluable test-bed for the development of new algorithms, but they can probably not be scaled down rapidly in both physical size and cost, despite continued advances in semiconductor technology and machine architecture. Simple analog networks can perform interesting computations, as has been known for a long time. We have reached the point where it is feasible to experiment with implementation of these idea in VLSI form, particularly if we focus on networks composed of locally interconnected passive elements, linear amplifiers, and simple nonlinear components. While there have been excursions into the development of ideas in this area since the very beginnings of work on machine vision, much work remains to be done. Progress will depend on careful attention to matching of the capabilities of simple networks to the needs of early vision. Note that this is not at all intended to be anything like a review of the field, but merely a collection of some ideas that seem to be interesting.
Efficient Virtual Network Function Placement for Poisson Arrived Traffic (2019)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Network have revolutionized data networks. For deployment of the VNFs, it is imperative to consider the queuing delay occurring in the NFV servers. The presented work suggests to incorporate the Poisson distribution of packet arrival rate and packet size along with the limited processing capacity of NFV server. The underlying phenomenon is framed as a 0-1 fractional programming problem. More precisely, the underlying problem is framed to 0-1 MILP to get the optimal solution. Since the VNF placement problem is NP-hard, therefore, we propose two heuristic algorithms to get the solution. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our algorithms effectively reduce 72.9% delay compared with the universal algorithm Improve Service Chaining Performance (ISCP).
Hemoglobin Adducts of Acrylamide and Acrylonitrile in Laboratory Workers, Smokers and Nonsmokers (1997)

Acrylamide is a chemical which is extensively used in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis (PAGE). Blood samples were collected from laboratory personnel who were working with PAGE, from smokers, and from nonsmokers. Hemoglobin adducts of acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and ethylene oxide were determined using the modified Edman degradation procedure. Acrylamide adducts were detected in all persons. The PAGE workers (mean 54 pmol/g) had a significantly increased adduct level compared to nonsmoking controls (mean 31 pmol/g). The acrylamide adducts in smokers (mean 116 pmol/g) correlated with the number of cigarettes smoked per day. This confirms the presence of acrylamide in tobacco smoke and shows that it is an important source of acrylamide exposure. The increased level of acrylamide adducts in the PAGE workers corresponds to an uptake of acrylamide from about 3 cigarettes per day. It is not possible from this study to draw any conclusion as to which step in the working procedure is most critical for exposure. The PAGE workers are probably not at risk for neurotoxic damage to the peripheral nervous system. However, it needs to be investigated whether the exposure to acrylamide in PAGE workers represents a risk for genotoxic and reproductive effects. The high background of acrylamide adducts in nonsmoking controls was unexpected. The origin of this background is not known. Acrylonitrile adducts were below the detection limit (< 2 pmol/g) in nonsmoking controls. In the smokers (mean 106 pmol/g) this adduct correlated with cigarettes/day and with ethylene oxide adducts. Acrylonitrile adducts could be a better indicator of tobacco smoking than ethylene oxide adducts since the latter are showing a background of endogenous origin.
Shuttling of galectin-3 between the nucleus and cytoplasm (2002)

In previous studies, we documented that galectin-3 (M(r) approximately 30,000) is a pre-mRNA splicing factor. Recently, galectin-3 was identified as a component of a nuclear and cytoplasmic complex, the survival of motor neuron complex, through its interaction with Gemin4. To test the possibility that galectin-3 may shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm, human fibroblasts (LG-1) were fused with mouse fibroblasts (3T3). The monoclonal antibody NCL-GAL3, which recognizes human galectin-3 but not the mouse homolog, was used to monitor the localization of human galectin-3 in heterodikaryons. Human galectin-3 localized to both nuclei of a large percentage of heterodikaryons. Addition of the antibiotic leptomycin B, which inhibits nuclear export of galectin-3, decreased the percentage of heterodikaryons showing human galectin-3 in both nuclei. In a parallel experiment, mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, which express galectin-3, were fused with fibroblasts derived from a mouse in which the galectin-3 gene was inactivated. Mouse galectin-3 localized to both nuclei of a large percentage of heterodikaryons. Again, addition of leptomycin B restricted the presence of galectin-3 to one nucleus of a heterodikaryon. The results from both heterodikaryon assays suggest that galectin-3 can exit one nucleus, travel through the cytoplasm, and enter the second nucleus, matching the definition of shuttling.
AFM based Surface Verifications of Pulse Electrochemical Polishing for Various Frequency Conditions (2012)

Pulse electrochemical polishing process has been used to improve mechanical properties such as surface roughness and corrosion resistance on conductive metallic materials. In addition, pulse electrochemical polishing process with various frequency may produce a lustrous, smoother, deburred and cleaned surface on workpiece. The aim of this paper is to study surface characteristics of pulse electrochemical polishing for various frequency conditions using AFM to verify localized surface variation in nanometer scale.
The Combined Anti-HIV-1 Activities of Emtricitabine and Tenofovir plus the Integrase Inhibitor Elvitegravir or Raltegravir Show High Levels of Synergy<i>In Vitro</i> (2014)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) involves combination treatment with three or more antiretroviral agents. The antiviral effects of combinations of emtricitabine (FTC) plus tenofovir (TFV) plus antiretroviral agents of all the major drug classes were investigated. Combinations of FTC and TFV with a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) (efavirenz or rilpivirine) or with a protease inhibitor (PI) (atazanavir, lopinavir, or darunavir) showed additive to synergistic anti-HIV-1 activity. FTC-TFV with an HIV-1 integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI) (elvitegravir or raltegravir) showed the strongest synergy. Anti-HIV-1 synergy suggests enhancement of individual anti-HIV-1 activities within cells that may contribute to potent treatment efficacy and open new areas of research into interactions between reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase inhibitors.
Space Shuttle Landing and Rollout Training at the Vertical Motion Simulator (2008)

Landing and rollout training at the NASA Ames Research Center Vertical Motion Simulator (VMS) has been an integral part of the Shuttle Program for almost thirty years. The VMS is a unique, high-fidelity, large amplitude, six degree of freedom motion simulator. It is used for this training as well as for engineering evaluations because its large motion envelope, high-fidelity cockpit, and visuals accurately simulates the motion and visual cueing environments of the Shuttle Orbiter during the touchdown and rollout phase of flight. Training sessions in the VMS are held semi-annually with each session containing unique objectives related to specific mission profiles and maintaining pilot training currency under nominal and off-nominal conditions. The VMS has also been used as the test bed for evaluating the effects of engineering and operational changes implemented by the Shuttle Program to improve the safety and operation of the Orbiter. Throughout the program, the continuous review of simulation models and results has led to systematic improvements to the simulation.
Injection laser with an unstable resonator (1980)

A report is given of the first ever investigations of an injection laser having an unstable resonator. It was found that in such a laser the transverse field distribution is stabilized and only one longitudinal mode is excited.
Regulation of heat production in the inflorescences of an <i>Arum</i> lily by endogenous salicylic acid (1989)

We have recently purified calorigen, the natural trigger for heat production in the inflorescences of Sauromatum guttatum Schott (voodoo lily), a thermogenic plant, and identified it as salicylic acid. Since then an analytical assay was developed that allows the quantitation of salicylic acid in plant tissues. This assay was used to demonstrate that on the day preceding the day of blooming the levels of salicylic acid in the thermogenic organs (appendix and lower spadix) of the voodoo lily increased almost 100-fold, reaching a level of 1 mug/g of fresh weight. The level of salicylic acid in the appendix started to rise in the afternoon and reached its maximum in the late evening, whereas the maximum accumulation of salicylic acid in the lower spadix occurred late at night. The increase in salicylic acid level in the appendix was followed the next morning by a spectacular metabolic burst that lasted for about 7 hr and at its peak increased the appendix temperature by over 12 degrees C. The second, 14-hr-long, thermogenic episode in the lower spadix started late at night and ended on the following morning, after maximum temperature increases of more than 10 degrees C. The concentration of salicylic acid in both thermogenic tissues promptly returned to basal, preblooming levels at the end of the thermogenic periods. The thermogenic response was under strong photoperiodic and developmental control, with salicylic acid eliciting much stronger thermogenic responses in light than in darkness. Similar surges in salicylic acid occurred in nonthermogenic male and female flowers, while the concentration of salicylic acid in the spathe remained consistently below 20 ng/g of fresh weight. Of 33 analogs of salicylic acid tested, only 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid and acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) were thermogenic. The activity of 2,6-dihydroxybenzoic acid exceeded that of salicylic acid.
New zero voltage switching PWM flyback converter (2010)

In this paper a new zero voltage switching PWM flyback converter with simple auxiliary circuit is introduced. The auxiliary circuit is only composed of a resonant capacitor and an auxiliary switch connected to a tertiary winding on the converter main transformer. The proposed auxiliary circuit provides soft switching for the main switch while zero current switching condition is attained for the auxiliary switch. The proposed converter is analyzed and its various operating modes are discussed. The proposed converter is simulated with PSPICE software and is compared with hard switching counterpart. The simulation results confirm the theoretical analysis.
Low defects and high quality Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ Ge-on-insulator MOSFETs (2004)

High quality and dislocation free Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ Ge-on-insulator (GOI) MOSFETs are fabricated and confirmed by TEM. At the comparable leakage current of 1.5/spl times/10/sup -3/ A/cm/sup 2/ at 1 V and same 1.7 nm EOT with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si p-MOSFETs, the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//GOI devices show 2.5 times and 1.3 times higher hole mobility than respective Al/sub 2/O/sub 3//Si control devices and SiO/sub 2//Si universal mobility at E/sub eff/ of 1 MV/cm.
PV-Alert: A fog-based architecture for safeguarding vulnerable road users (2017)

High volumes of pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users (VRUs) have much higher casualty rates per mile; not surprising given their lack of protection from an accident. In order to alleviate the problem, sensing capabilities of smartphones can be used to detect, warn and safeguard these road users. In this research we propose an infrastructure-less fog-based architecture named PV-Alert (Pedestrian-Vehicle Alert) where fog nodes process delay sensitive data obtained from smartphones for alerting pedestrians and drivers before sending the data to the cloud for further analysis. Fog computing is considered in developing the architecture since it is an emerging paradigm that has paramount of advantages for low-latency applications which demand mobility support, geo-distribution and location awareness. We have also defined an algorithm for accident prediction and alerting traffic accidents involving vehicles and pedestrians. PV-Alert can be deployed quickly since it is based only on users' smartphones and doesn't require special infrastructure. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture is able to render alerts in real time whichever the wireless communication technology used to connect smartphones with fog nodes (Wi-Fi or LTE). Moreover, analytical and performance evaluations depict that the new architecture outperforms other related architectures in terms of reliability, scalability and latency.
Combined Therapies (2008)

Despite many advancements in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) research, the poor outcomes of TBI patients continue to make research on the optimal approach to acute and postacute treatments a high priority. It is estimated that 2.5 to 6.5 million people in the United States currently live with the physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and economic effects of TBI. Severe head injury is a massive, crude insult that results in a spectrum of initial injuries that are diffuse, focal, or multifocal. In addition to the initial injury, the brain is further compromised by a variety of secondary effects that involve complex cascades of molecular, cellular, and biochemical events that take place over days to months. These events remain poorly understood, and the identification of early recovery windows that allow for effective intervention of neuroprotective strategies may result in significant benefit. The treatment and management of patients with TBI continues to be one of the most critical services that neurosurgeons provide to medicine and society. This area can be considered the one where neurosurgeons make the most important impact on public health. Recent research in the field of TBI has identified a number of pharmacological agents that specifically target 1 or more of the events that result in neurological dysfunction, with experimental models showing improvements in cognitive and motor outcomes and decreased tissue loss. However, this success in experimental models has not been reproduced in large multicenter clinical trials for clinical application. Similar experience was seen with chemotherapy for tumors, when promising agents failed to yield efficacious outcomes as monotherapy. Combination therapy, however, ultimately represented an effective approach. Therefore, combination therapy for TBI may yield a similar effect. To encourage research in this direction, the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke is soliciting applications for funding to promote preclinical research to identify combinations of pharmacological agents that effectively treat the array of physiological changes associated with TBI to improve outcomes. This is clearly a program of great relevance to neurosurgery and neurosurgeons. More information on this program can be found at http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-HD-08-003.html. CHARLES Y. LIU, PHD, MD RESEARCH TRAINING AND FUNDING
Diorama engine - a 3D directing tool for 3D computer animation production (2004)

Recent advances in 3D computer graphics technologies have enabled 3D computer animation to become a popular method of storytelling. However, the tools which provide access to the technology are targeted mainly at trained professionals, and are seldom easy enough for a director to use. We present Diorama engine, a 3D directing tool for 3D computer animation. Diorama engine is a limited but specialized tool which focuses on ease of scene construction, camera control, and shot editing. This allows for quicker and easier creation of full length video storyboards. Furthermore, the produced 3D data can be directly passed to later production processes, enabling the work of a director to form a data foundation for the production process. A prototype version of our tool is tested, and the experimental results suggest that the directing tool can be integrated into an actual production process.
Differential Thermal Analysis of Explosives and Propellants under Controlled Atmospheres (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential Thermal Analysis of Explosives and Propellants under Controlled AtmospheresR. L. BohonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 10, 1451–1453Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60178a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60178a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
FORMATION OF CAROTENOIDS AND CHLOROPHYLLS IN ETIOLATED BARLEY SEEDLINGS EXPOSED TO RED LIGHT (1938)

For the investigation of many of the problems pertaining to the metabolism and function of the leaf pigments, it would be desirable to vary the relative proportions of the several leaf pigments in any given plant through changes in the environment. Average pigment determinations reported by Rudolph (1) have already indicated that red light, which promotes the formation of chlorophyll, does not stimulate the formation of the yellow pigments in etiolated bean leaves, but the individual determinations were subject to great variation. Moreover, etiolated bean leaves contain relatively large quantities of carotene and xanthophylls in nearly the same proportions found in green leaves, so that, for demonstration of the effect of red light on the formation of carotenoids in these seedlings, extremely precise determinations of the pigments were required. Investigations in this laboratory have shown that etiolated barley leaves, in contrast with the etiolated bean seedlings, contain very small quantities of carotene relative to the xanthophylls. These investigations also made possible the precise determination of the carotenoid pigments, because it was found that the rapid oxidation of the yellow pigments which takes place when the etiolated leaves are ground with sand and acetone during the extraction of the pigments may be prevented by treatment of the leaves with hot water (4). By the use of the improved methods of analysis, it was possible to determine accurately the effect of red light on the formation of the carotenoids in etiolated barley plants. When etiolated barley seedlings are exposed to red light, both carotene and chlorophylls increase rapidly. The xanthophylls, comparatively large quantities of which are present in the etiolated barley seedlings, increase more slowly. Investigation of the pigments of etiolated barley seedlings, which had been impregnated with sucrose and kept in the dark, demonstrated that the presence of sucrose did not promote the formation of carotene or chlorophyll. Determination of the absorption spectra of lutein acetate and of beta-carotene demonstrated that lutein and beta-carotene, the principal constituents of the leaf carotenoids, absorb considerable light in the red region of the spectrum in which chlorophyll exhibits maximum absorption. Since etiolated barley seedlings contain extremely little green
Efficient in vivo transduction of the neonatal mouse liver with pseudotyped retroviral vectors. (1995)

Ideal methods for human gene therapy will eventually include direct gene transfer to defective tissues in a patient in vivo. Toward that goal, we have used high titer, pseudotyped retroviral vectors expressing genes for the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) or hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) to infect mouse liver by in vivo direct injection into the liver parenchyma. We have found that a single percutaneous injection of small volumes of vectors into the newborn mouse liver leads to transduction of at least 25-30% of the hepatocytes throughout the liver, as judged by in situ staining of liver sections for beta-gal activity at 4 weeks after injection. We have demonstrated that stable levels of HBsAg were also detected in the circulation of injected mice up to 4 months after HBsAg-vector injection. We suggest that the high efficiency of in vivo transduction in the neonatal liver and subsequent stable transgene expression by high-titer pseudotyped retroviral vectors in the absence of an invasive partial hepatectomy may effectively be applied to gene therapy studies in a number of human liver disease [corrected].