gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Attribute Selectivity Estimation Using Deep Learning (2019)

Selectivity estimation - the problem of estimating the result size of queries - is a fundamental problem in databases. Accurate estimation of query selectivity involving multiple correlated attributes is especially challenging. Poor cardinality estimates could result in the selection of bad plans by the query optimizer. We investigate the feasibility of using deep learning based approaches for both point and range queries and propose two complementary approaches. Our first approach considers selectivity as an unsupervised deep density estimation problem. We successfully introduce techniques from neural density estimation for this purpose. The key idea is to decompose the joint distribution into a set of tractable conditional probability distributions such that they satisfy the autoregressive property. Our second approach formulates selectivity estimation as a supervised deep learning problem that predicts the selectivity of a given query. We also introduce and address a number of practical challenges arising when adapting deep learning for relational data. These include query/data featurization, incorporating query workload information in a deep learning framework and the dynamic scenario where both data and workload queries could be updated. Our extensive experiments with a special emphasis on queries with a large number of predicates and/or small result sizes demonstrates that our proposed techniques provide fast and accurate selective estimates with minimal space overhead.
Stimulation of embryo hatching and implantation by prostacyclin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ activation: implication in IVF (2006)

PPARdelta is essential for spontaneous and PGI(2)-stimulated embryo development and blastocyst hatching. The implantation of cultured embryos is enhanced by PPARdelta activation. PPARdelta represents a novel therapeutic target to improve IVF outcome.
A solution to the frequency-independent antenna problem (1961)

A solution of Maxwell's equations is obtained for an antenna consisting of an infinite number of equally spaced wires in the form of coplanar equiangular spirals. Radiation amplitude patterns obtained from this solution agree closely with measurements on two-element spiral antennas. The phase pattern shows the approximate validity of a phase center at a distance behind the antenna which decreases with the tightness of the spiral. The current distribution clearly shows increased attenuation with increase in the tightness of the spiral, thus showing how the frequency-independent mode depends on the curvature. A remarkable feature of the solution is that the current consists of an inward traveling wave at infinity when the antenna is excited in that sense which produces an outward wave at the center.
Crystal Structure of the Sema-PSI Extracellular Domain of Human RON Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2012)

Human RON (Recepteur d'Origine Nantais) receptor tyrosine kinase is a cell surface receptor for Macrophage Stimulating Protein (MSP). RON mediates signal transduction pathways that regulate cell adhesion, invasion, motility and apoptosis processes. Elevated levels of RON and its alternatively spliced variants are implicated in the progression and metastasis of tumor cells. The binding of MSP α/β heterodimer to the extracellular region of RON receptor induces receptor dimerization and activation by autophosphorylation of the intracellular kinase domains. The ectodomain of RON, containing the ligand recognition and dimerization domains, is composed of a semaphorin (Sema), Plexins-Semaphorins-Integrins domain (PSI), and four Immunoglobulins-Plexins-Transcription factor (IPT) domains. High affinity association between MSP and RON is mediated by the interaction between MSP β-chain and RON Sema, although RON activation requires intact RON and MSP proteins. Here, we report the structure of RON Sema-PSI domains at 1.85 Å resolution. RON Sema domain adopts a seven-bladed β-propeller fold, followed by disulfide bond rich, cysteine-knot PSI motif. Comparison with the homologous Met receptor tyrosine kinase reveals that RON Sema-PSI contains distinguishing secondary structural features. These define the receptors' exclusive selectivity towards their respective ligands, RON for MSP and Met for HGF. The RON Sema-PSI crystal packing generates a homodimer with interface formed by the Sema domain. Mapping of the dimer interface using the RON homology to Met, MSP homology to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), and the structure of the Met/HGF complex shows the dimer interface overlapping with the putative MSPβ binding site. The crystallographically determined RON Sema-PSI homodimer may represent the dimer assembly that occurs during ligand-independent receptor activation and/or the inhibition of the constitutive activity of RONΔ160 splice variant by the soluble RON splice variant, RONΔ85.
Mechanism of action of human B cell-activating factor. I. Comparison of the plaque-stimulating activity with thymocyte-stimulating activity. (1979)

Human monocytes have been reported to release factors that can elicit distinct responses from a number of different target cells. Three of these activities are compared in this report. Supernatants of endotoxin-stimulated monocytes have been shown to stimulate the direct plaque response of T cell deficient splenocytes in vitro (BAF assay), to stimulate the thymidine incorporation by thymocytes (mitogen assay), and to synergize with phytohemagglutinin in the stimulation of thymocytes (PHA-enhancing assay). By gel filtration, plaque stimulating activity was recovered as a single peak with a m.w. of approximately 15,000 daltons when tested on nude splenocytes. When assayed on normal C57BL/10CR splenocytes, a second peak of plaque-stimulating activity was observed near 35,000 daltons. Mitogenic activity was observed both within the albumin peak and coincident with the 15,000 dalton plaque stimulator. Finally, PHA-enhancing activity was found to be broadly distributed between 8000 and 66,000 daltons, and included molecules that co-eluted with the 35,000 and 15,000 dalton plaque stimulators. Upon further purification of the 15,000 dalton material by isoelectric focusing, the plaque-enhancing, mitogenic, and PHA-enhancing activities co-eluted. This observation raised the possibility that all three activities of the 15,000 dalton material were due to the effects of a single factor on T cells. Some investigators favor this possibility based upon the study of the supernatants of human mixed leukocyte cultures (XRF). Here it is shown that spleen cell populations can be prepared that responded to BAF but not XRF, and vice versa . Therefore, studies on XRF cannot be used as evidence for the mechanism of the action of BAF. These results raise the possibility that this single factor may effect more than one target cell and may be responsible for a number of the sequellae of the stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by bacterial products.
A 184.6-dBc/Hz FoM 100-kHz Flicker Phase Noise Corner 30-GHz Rotary Traveling-Wave Oscillator Using Distributed Stubs in 22-nm FD-SOI (2019)

A rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO) has an ability to generate multiple phases at millimeter-wave (mmW) frequencies while achieving low phase noise (PN). Unfortunately, due to transmission line (TL) dispersion, RTWOs suffer from flicker noise upconversion. In this letter, we propose a “distributed stubs” technique to mitigate this mechanism. To cancel out phase shifts due to the TL dispersion, we intentionally generate a phase difference between TL modes. The proposed 26.2-30 GHz RTWO is implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS. At 30 GHz, it achieves PN of -107 and -128.1 dBc/Hz at 1 and 10 MHz offsets, respectively. This translates into figure-of-merits (FoM) of 183.5 and 184.6 dBc/Hz, respectively. The proposed architecture consumes 20 mW from 0.8-V supply. It achieves a flicker noise corner of 100 kHz, which is an order-of-magnitude better than currently achievable by state-of-the-art mmW RTWOs.
The reliability of the thermodynamic constants for the dissociation of carbonic acid in seawater (1996)

Laboratory measurements of all four CO2 parameters [fCO2 ( = fugacity of CO2), pH, TCO2 ( = total dissolved inorganic carbon), and TA ( = total alkalinity)] were made on the same sample of Gulf Stream seawater (S = 35) as a function of temperature (5–35 °C) and the ratio of TATCO2 (X) (1.0–1.2). Overall the measurements were consistent to ±8 μ atm in fCO2, ± 0.004 in pH, ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TCO2, and ± 3 μ mol kg−1 in TA with the thermodynamic constants of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). Deviations between the measured pH, TCO2, TA and those calculated from various input combinations increase with increasing X when the same constants are used. This trend in the deviations indicates that the uncertainties in pK2 become important with increasing X (surface waters), but are negligible for samples with the lower X (deep waters). This trend is < 5 μ mol kg−1 when the pK2 values of Lee and Millero (1995) are used. The overall probable error of the calculated fCO2 due to uncertainties in the accuracy of the parameters (pH, TCO2, TA, pK0, pk1, and pK2) is ± 1.2%, which is similar to the differences between the measured values and those calculated using the thermodynamic constants of Millero (1995). The calculated values of pK1, (from fCO2-TCO2-TA) agree to within ± 0.004 compared to the results of Dickson and Millero (1987), Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995) over the same experimental conditions. The calculated values of pK2 (from pH-TCO2-TA) are in good agreement (± 0.004) with the results of Lee and Millero (1995) and also in reasonable agreement (± 0.008) with the results of Goyet and Poisson (1989), Roy et al. (1993), and Millero (1995). The salinity dependence of our derived values of pK1 and pK2, (S = 35) can be estimated using the equations determined by Millero (1995).
Visual software requirements definition environment (2002)

The authors propose a visual software requirements definition method including describing a visual software requirements specification (SRS) with a visual requirements language and executing the SRS. The method proposed provides a describer for defining both the shape and semantics of icons to specify the requirements as he imagines. The method also provides for describing an icons' movements as a scenario description. This scenario enables an execution of the SRS with animation. The describer can confirm his requirements by checking the animation. Furthermore the paper describes a supporting method of visual software requirements definition by multiple developers via a network system.
Peptide Hydrolases of Lactobacillus helveticus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (1991)

C M U 32 had more aminopeptidase and dipeptidase activity than did Lactobacillus helveticus ATCC 10797 or Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus ATCC 12278, whereas L. helveticus ATCC 10797 was most proteolytic (loo%),
Identification of putative colon cancer protein biomarker by mass spectrometry. (2004)

3551 Using SELDI-TOF mass spectrometric technique (SELDI=surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization; TOF=time of flight) with H4-type chips, we have obtained protein profiles in plasma samples from patients with confirmed colon cancer (n=34) and control subjects (n=14). Peak mapping as well as gel viewing of the spectra revealed different expression levels at several masses. The most pronounced differences were observed for a peak at 8.9 kDa (8942.9±5.3), where the average differential expression of the intensities of the putative marker was approx. 3-fold higher in cancer patients (38.5±10.5) than in the controls (12.5±5.9). Molecular masses were determined to an accuracy of approx. 0.1%. In a second study (18 patients, 8 controls), the average differential expression of the intensities of the 8.9 kDa marker was approx. 2-fold higher in the cancer patients than in the controls. To identify this protein, plasma proteins were isolated with reversed-phase POROS R2 beads and further separated by SDS-PAGE. The protein bands of interest were excised from the gel and in-gel digested with trypsin. The resulting tryptic peptides were analyzed by μLC-electrospray-tandem (MS/MS), using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The MS/MS data were used to search a sequence and protein identification database (Knexus Sonar). Several candidates were found within the determined mass range, including complement component 3 precursor (C3). An analysis of the ion-chromatographic peak intensity of peptides corresponding to these candidates revealed that the highest peak intensities were associated with tryptic peptides of C3. The C3 is known to undergo multiple proteolytic hydrolysis and one of the hydrolysis products is the C3 peptide 672–748, known as anaphylatoxin C3a. The calculated molecular mass of C3a is 9094.6 Da. The average molecular mass of the 8.9 kDa peak is 8942.9 Da. Further examination of the tryptic peptides of C3 showed that all of the peptides identified were between the 713–736 of C3 sequence. All observed data suggested the 8.9 kDa protein to be a C3a-related protein. (Supported by T.J. Martell Foundation for Leukemia, Cancer and AIDS Research and NIH/NCI to R.W).
Trapped rainbow effect in visible light left-handed heterostructures (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate the trapped rainbow in tapered left-handed heterostructures (LHHs) at visible frequencies. The employed left-handed metamaterials (LHMs) are isotropic with the size of hundreds of square millimeter. Specifically, the LHMs sample at visible frequencies has a broad spectral range and low loss, making it an intrinsic optical response for the LHHs. It is found that the frequency components of the wave packet separate at positions with different guide thicknesses only if the inclination of tapered LHHs is greater than zero and smaller than the critical value.
Recent Wireless Power Transmission technologies in Japan for space solar power station/satellite (2009)

Wireless power transmission technology via microwave (microwave power transmission ; MPT) was advanced from 1960's and many researchers which had a dream to realize the space solar power satellite/station (SPS). In Japan, many kinds of the SPS were proposed and designed in recent ten years. We will show the newest Japanese SPS and its characteristics. We also show some results of the recent Japanese MPT experiments, ubiquitous power source, MPT for moving rover, wireless charging system of electrical vehicle.
CAST: Implications for drug development (1990)

Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1990) 47, 553–556; doi:10.1038/clpt.1990.75
Detecting Trends Using Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient (2001)

Spearman's rank correlation coefficient is a useful tool for exploratory data analysis in environmental forensic investigations. In this application it is used to detect monotonic trends in chemical concentration with time or space.
Robust Automated Airbag Module Calibration (2001)

Increasing sophistication of electronic safety systems requires more advanced tools for design and optimization.Systems of safety products already being designed are becoming too interdependent to calibrate as stand-alone modules.Compounding this difficulty is the trend towards fewer test crashes and more sophisticated regulatory requirements.This paper presents a unified calibration approach to produce robust performance.First, the set of crash samples are extended using statistical techniques.Then an automated calibration tool using Genetic Algorithms is used to provide robust performance against deployment requirements.Finally, an expert systems is employed to ensure logical behavior.Together, these powerful methods yield calibrations which out-perform manual calibrations and can be completed in far less time.
Margin convergence of the posterior rotator cuff to the biceps tendon (2004)

Massive rotator cuff tears can often be repaired arthroscopically with satisfactory results. Tear pattern recognition, knot security, and loop security are essential in the repair of large and massive rotator cuff tears. In the case of a massive U-shaped tear, with a contracted immobile supraspinatus and a deficient rotator interval, a type of margin convergence technique can be used. This technique allows for the partial closure of the rotator cuff defect along with the proximal advancement of the posterior cuff by securing the posterior leaf of the cuff tendon to the tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii. Because of the mechanical effect of strain reduction in margin convergence, this procedure decreases the strain at the margin of the posterior cuff, thereby protecting its repair to bone. Our goal with this procedure is not to obtain healing of the cuff to the biceps, but to optimize the conditions for healing of the rotator cuff to bone.
ALPS: Authenticating Live Peer-to-Peer Live Streams (2008)

Live streaming is one of many applications where data is continuously created, and has to be quickly distributed among a large number of users. The peer-to-peer paradigm is thereby attracting interest with the prospect of overcoming scalability issues of more centralized approaches. Since data blocks travel along multiple (possibly malicious) peers, authenticating the origin of blocks becomes of prime importance to guarantee safety and reliability. The asymmetry of a single source and an arbitrary number of untrusted receivers requires the use of digital signatures and public key cryptography in general. This paper proposes a new signature scheme for broadcast authentication tailored towards peer-to-peer systems to overcome limitations of traditional approaches based on signature schemes like RSA and DSA, most notably in terms of delays, signature size, and computational complexity. It may further be of practical interest for other real-time applications such as massive multiplayer peer-to-peer gaming.
Fused floating-point arithmetic for DSP (2008)

This paper extends the consideration of fused floating-point arithmetic to operations that are frequently encountered in DSP. The fast Fourier transform is a case in point, it uses a complex butterfly operation. For a radix-2 implementation, the butterfly consists of a complex multiply followed by the complex addition and subtraction of the same pair of data. These butterfly operations can be implemented with two fused primitives, a fused two-term inner product and a fused add subtract unit. A floating-point fused FFT Butterfly unit is presented that performs single-precision butterfly floating-point operation in a time that is only 87% the time required for a conventional floating-point butterfly. When placed and routed in a 45 nm process, the fused FFT Butterfly unit occupied about 72% of the area needed to implement a floating-point butterfly using conventional floating-point adders and multipliers. The numerical result of the fused butterfly unit is more accurate because fewer rounding operations are needed.
<i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> employs specific minor pilins to target human pharyngeal epithelial cells (2007)

Adherence to host tissues mediated by pili is pivotal in the establishment of infection by many bacterial pathogens. Corynebacterium diphtheriae assembles on its surface three distinct pilus structures. The function and the mechanism of how various pili mediate adherence, however, have remained poorly understood. Here we show that the SpaA-type pilus is sufficient for the specific adherence of corynebacteria to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. The deletion of the spaA gene, which encodes the major pilin forming the pilus shaft, abolishes pilus assembly but not adherence to pharyngeal cells. In contrast, adherence is greatly diminished when either minor pilin SpaB or SpaC is absent. Antibodies directed against either SpaB or SpaC block bacterial adherence. Consistent with a direct role of the minor pilins, latex beads coated with SpaB or SpaC protein bind specifically to pharyngeal cells. Therefore, tissue tropism of corynebacteria for pharyngeal cells is governed by specific minor pilins. Importantly, immunoelectron microscopy and immunofluorescence studies reveal clusters of minor pilins that are anchored to cell surface in the absence of a pilus shaft. Thus, the minor pilins may also be cell wall anchored in addition to their incorporation into pilus structures that could facilitate tight binding to host cells during bacterial infection.
Selective release of archidonic acid from the phospholipids of human platelets in response to thrombin. (1977)

Arachidonic acid is unique amongst human platelet fatty acids in that it is the precursor of prostaglandins and thromboxanes. Since a number of these oxygenated products of arachidonic acid have potent effects on platelet function, an understanding of the metabolsim of their precursor is important. Human platelets have a mechanism for incorporating arachidonic acid from plasma into their phospholipids and, in response to thrombin, they reveal mechanisms for hydrolyzing this arachidonic acid from platelet phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol. This report deals with the specificity of these mechanisms. The present studies show that human platelets contain phospholipase A2 activities that preferentially release arachidonic acid. One of these activities specifically utilizes 1-acyl-2-arachidonyl-phosphatidyl-choline. Another utilizes platelet phosphatidylinositol and/or phosphatidylserine, both of which are highly enriched with arachidonic acid.
Power law and exponential decay of inter contact times between mobile devices (2007)

We examine the fundamental properties that determine the basic performance metrics for opportunistic communications. We first consider the distribution of inter-contact times between mobile devices. Using a diverse set of measured mobility traces, we find as an invariant property that there is a characteristic time, order of half a day, beyond which the distribution decays exponentially. Up to this value, the distribution in many cases follows a power law, as shown in recent work. This powerlaw finding was previously used to support the hypothesis that inter-contact time has a power law tail, and that common mobility models are not adequate. However, we observe that the time scale of interest for opportunistic forwarding may be of the same order as the characteristic time, and thus the exponential tail is important. We further show that already simple models such as random walk and random way point can exhibit the same dichotomy in the distribution of inter-contact time ascin empirical traces. Finally, we perform an extensive analysis of several properties of human mobility patterns across several dimensions, and we present empirical evidence that the return time of a mobile device to its favorite location site may already explain the observed dichotomy. Our findings suggest that existing results on the performance of forwarding schemes basedon power-law tails might be overly pessimistic.
Saving Your Students' Skin. Undergraduate Experiments that Probe UV Protection by Sunscreens and Sunglasses (1998)

Recent scientific evidence suggests that chlorofluorocarbons have substantially depleted the ozone layer, the earth's primary filter for ultraviolet radiation. At the same time, medical evidence has accumulated which suggests that exposure to ultraviolet radiation is a major cause of prevalent human health disorders, including skin cancer and cataracts. For these reasons, consumer purchases of sunscreens and sunglasses, which provide protection from ultraviolet radiation, have soared, and manufacturer interest in improving these products has intensified. This article describes absorption spectroscopy experiments that illustrate the mechanism of action of sunscreens and sunglasses and that highlight the differences between different products. The experiments are well suited to incorporation into an undergraduate science laboratory and will expose students to absorption phenomena in a familiar context with substantial environmental and medical relevance.