gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vector-subspace model for color representation (1990)

In multispectral imaging it is advantageous to compress spectral information with a minimum loss of information in a way that permits accurate recovery of the spectrum. By use of the simple vector-subspace model that we propose, spectral information can be stored and recovered by the use of a few inner products, which are easy to measure optically. Two large data sets, the first consisting of 1257 Munsell colors and the other of 218 naturally occurring spectral reflectances, were analyzed to form two bases for the model. The Munsell basis can be used to represent the natural colors, and the basis derived from the natural data can be used to represent the Munsell data. The proposed vector-subspace model includes a simple relation between the inner products and conventional color coordinates. It also provides a way to estimate the spectrum of an object that has known chromaticity coordinates.
Computational medicine, public health, and biotechnology, Austin, Texas, 24-28 April 1994 : building a man in the machine (1995)

"This three volume series represents a selected and refereed collection of papers contributed by the participants of the First World Congress on Computational Medicine, Public Health, and Biotechnology, held in 1994 at Austin, Texas. Over 500 individuals, from 30 countries attended this meeting. In addition, this collection contains a number of papers from the Australian CSIRO High Performance Computing Meeting held that same year."--
Genome-Wide Pharmacogenomic Analysis of the Response to Interferon Beta Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (2008)

The reported results address the question of genetic heterogeneity in MS and the response to immunotherapy by analysis of the correlation between different genotypes and clinical response to interferon beta therapy. Many of the detected differences between responders and nonresponders were genes associated with ion channels and signal transduction pathways. The study also suggests that genetic variants in heparan sulfate proteoglycan genes may be of clinical interest in MS as predictors of the response to therapy. In addition to new insights into the mechanistic biology of interferon beta, these results help define the molecular basis of interferon beta therapy response heterogeneity.
On the Use of Gaussian Approximation in Analyzing the Performance of Optical Receivers (2014)

The analytical calculation of the bit error rate (BER) of digital optical receivers that employ avalanche photodiodes (APDs) is challenging due to 1) the stochastic nature of the avalanche photodiode's impulse-response function and 2) the presence of intersymbol interference (ISI). At ultrafast transmission rates, ISI becomes a dominant component of the BER, and its effect on the BER should be carefully addressed. One solution to this problem, termed the bit-pattern-dependent (PD) approach, is to first calculate the conditional BER given a specific bit pattern and then average over all possible bit patterns. Alternatively, a simplifying method, termed the bit-pattern-independent (PI) approach, has been commonly used whereby the average bit stream is used to calculate the distribution of the receiver output, which, in turn, is used to calculate the BER. However, when ISI is dominant, the PI approximation is inaccurate. Here, the two approaches are analytically compared by analyzing their asymptotic behavior and their bounds. Conditions are found to determine when the PI method overestimates the BER. The BER found using the PD method exponentially decays with the received optical power, whereas for the PI approach, the BER converges to a constant, which is unrealistic. For an InP-based APD receiver with a 100-nm multiplication layer, the PI method is found to be inaccurate for transmission rates beyond 20 Gb/s.
Darstellung des Tricyclohexylphosphins und seiner Derivate (1954)

Abstract Tricyclohexylphosphin wird durch Umsetzung von Cyclohexylmagnesiumchlorid bzw. ‐bromid in Äther unter Luftausschluß mit PCl 3 hergestellt und durch thermische Spaltung des (C 6 H 11 ) 3 P · CS 2 ‐Adduktes rein erhalten. Bezüglich der aliphatischen und aromatischen tertiären Phosphine nimmt es eine Sonderstellung ein. Sein Oxyd wird durch Oxydation mit KMnO 4 und das Tricyclohexylphosphinsulfid durch Vereinigung mit elementarem Schwefel dargestellt. POCl 3 und C 6 H 11 MgCl ergeben nicht das (C 6 H 11 ) 3 P = 0, sondern nur Dicyclohexylphosphinsäure. Ihr Uranylsalz ist in Säuren besonders schwer löslich und eignet sich deshalb einerseits zur Abtrennung von anderen Begleitelementen und andererseits zur quantitativen Bestimmung des Urans. Aus (C 6 H 11 ) 2 POOH und Thionylchlorid bzw. Diazomethan lassen sich das Säurechlorid bzw. der Methylester der Säure darstellen. Mit Chlor, Brom und Jod reagiert das reine (C 6 H 11 ) 3 P unter Bildung der entsprechenden Tricyclohexylphosphindihalogenide, von welchen das Dijodid am beständigsten ist. Die thermische Zersetzung von (C 6 H 11 ) 3 PCl 2 führt nicht zur erwarteten Abspaltung von C 6 H 11 Cl und Bildung von (C 6 H 11 ) 2 PCl, sondern es entsteht Dicyclohexyl‐cyclohexenylphosphin. Schwermetallsalze ergeben mit (C 6 H 11 ) 3 P bzw. (C 6 H 11 ) 3 P = 0 in der Regel die entsprechenden komplexen Additionsverbindungen.
Generating Assistive Humanoid Motions for Co-Manipulation Tasks with a Multi-Robot Quadratic Program Controller (2018)

Human-humanoid collaborative tasks require that the robot take into account the goals of the task, interaction forces with the human, and its own balance. We present a formulation for a real-time humanoid controller which allows the robot to keep itself balanced, while also assisting the human in achieving their shared objectives. We achieve this with a multi-robot quadratic program controller, which solves for human dynamics reconstruction and optimal robot controls in a single optimization problem. Our experiments on a simulated robot platform demonstrate the ability to generate interaction motions and forces that are similar to what a human collaborator would produce.
Substance Abuse and Associated Psychiatric Disorder Among 100 Adolescents (1994)

One hundred adolescents aged 14 to 20 were studied in treatment programs located in two states (Minnesota and Oklahoma). The purpose of the study was to assess the course of substance use, number and type of substance disorder diagnoses, severity of substance disorder, treatment history for substance disorder, and psychiatric comorbidity. Duration of course, frequency of substance use, abuse vs. dependence, types of substances used, and associated problems are described as a function of age. Areas of psychiatric and social assessment included: (1) psychiatric self rating scales in those 17 years and older (BDI and SCL-90); (2) psychiatrist rated scales (Hamiltons for anxiety and depression, BPRS, GAS); (3) psychosocial status (Hollingshead and Redlich SES, DSM-III Axes 3 and 4); (4) associated Axis 1 psychiatric diagnoses; (5) family history of mood and other psychiatric disorder; (6) childhood history; and (7) history of previous psychiatric treatment. These data confirm the severity of substance use among younger adolescents presenting to clinical facilities with substance disorder, but further reveal progressive substance disorder severity as these adolescents age. Both self rated and psychiatrist rated scales showed increased depressive symptoms with increasing age. Eating Disorders occurred more often among older adolescents. Loss of either parent in childhood was associated with younger current age.
Generational Equity and Sustainability in U.S. Fiscal Policy (1998)

If U.S. spending goes as projected, future generations will give up almost half their lifetime labor income to balance the government's books. After showing that current policy is not sustainable, this article reports the size and timing of the changes necessary to make it so.
A Simple Formula Describing Impedance Artifacts due to the Size and Surface Resistance of a Reference-Electrode Wire in a Thin-Film Cell (2017)

Reference electrodes are used in testing and designing thin-film cells in order to distinguish the effects of the positive and negative electrodes and determine the sources of significant resistance (or impedance), but the reference electrode introduces some distortion into the measurement due to non-uniformity of the current distribution. This often arises due to edge effects, the size and placement of the reference electrode, or both. Two common geometries for placing reference electrodes are internally, between the cathode and anode, and externally at a distance from the cathode and anode. Each design introduces some level of distortion, which must be clarified. This work focusses on internally-placed wire reference electrodes and elucidates the artifacts in cell impedance measurements as a function of wire size and wire surface resistance. Published simulations of impedance artifacts rely on computationally-intensive computer simulations, but we develop a simple formula to accurately approximate these effects. The formula is derived using a singular perturbation approximation to the impedance and then combining it with a simple equivalent circuit. Some comparisons with detailed numerical simulations show the accuracy of the resulting formula as a function of the diameter of the reference wire and its surface resistance.
Correlation between Facebook usage and loneliness and depression (2012)

Facebook has emerged into our society within the last couple years as a powerful social phenomenon. 11.5% of the world population are active users of Facebook while there is a serious lack of psychological theory relating to functions or effects of Facebook. Researchers began realizing the importance of investigating the usage of Facebook and how that might be related to different personality traits. However, not much research has been done on how Facebook use could be related to our social well-beings. The current study aims to investigate how the use of Facebook influences loneliness and depression. The results showed that people with more Facebook friends tend to be less lonely. And the more time spent on Facebook predicts a higher level of loneliness and depression. Our results also revealed that there is no gender differences in total time spent on Facebook and number of Facebook friends. Further research on how Facebook users can be best benefited by Facebook without negatively influenced by it should be conducted. It is also hoped that research on other social networks will be carried out.
A Practice for Revoking Posting Rights to IETF Mailing Lists (2004)

All self-governing bodies have ways of managing the scope of participant interaction.The IETF uses a consensus-driven process for developing computer-communications standards in an open fashion.An important part of this consensus-driven process is the pervasive use of mailing lists for discussion.Notably, in a small number of cases, a participant has engaged in a "denial-of-service" attack to disrupt the consensus-driven process.Regrettably, as these bad faith attacks become more common, the IETF needs to establish a practice that reduces or eliminates these attacks.This memo recommends such a practice for use by the IETF.
One size does not fit all: an empirical study of containerized continuous deployment workflows (2018)

Continuous deployment (CD) is a software development practice aimed at automating delivery and deployment of a software product, following any changes to its code. If properly implemented, CD together with other automation in the development process can bring numerous benefits, including higher control and flexibility over release schedules, lower risks, fewer defects, and easier on-boarding of new developers. Here we focus on the (r)evolution in CD workflows caused by containerization, the virtualization technology that enables packaging an application together with all its dependencies and execution environment in a light-weight, self-contained unit, of which Docker has become the de-facto industry standard. There are many available choices for containerized CD workflows, some more appropriate than others for a given project. Owing to cross-listing of GitHub projects on Docker Hub, in this paper we report on a mixed-methods study to shed light on developers' experiences and expectations with containerized CD workflows. Starting from a survey, we explore the motivations, specific workflows, needs, and barriers with containerized CD. We find two prominent workflows, based on the automated builds feature on Docker Hub or continuous integration services, with different trade-offs. We then propose hypotheses and test them in a large-scale quantitative study.
Resonant Doppler imaging with Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (2005)

Fourier Domain Optical Coherene Tomography (FD OCT) is a high speed imaging modality with increased sensitivity as compared to standard time domain (TD) OCT. The higher sensitivity is especially important, if strongly scattering tissue such as blood is investigated. Recently it could be shown that retinal blood flow can be assessed in-vivo by high speed FD OCT. However the detection bandwidth of color Doppler (CD) FDOCT is strongly limited due to blurring of the detected interference fringes during exposure. This leads to a loss of sensitivity for detection of fast changes in tissue. Using a moving mirror as a reference one can effectively increase the detection bandwidth for CD FDOCT and perform perfusion sectioning. The modality is called resonant CD FDOCT imaging. The principle of the method is presented and experimentally verified.
Synthesis and preliminary conformational analysis of TOAC spin‐labeled analogues of the medium‐length peptaibiotic tylopeptin B (2011)

A set of analogues of the 14-residue peptaibol tylopeptin B, containing the stable free-radical 4-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,6,6,-tetramethylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid (TOAC) at one or two selected positions, was synthesized by the solid-phase methodology. A solution conformational analysis performed by FTIR absorption and CD suggests that, in membrane-mimicking solvents, the labeled tylopeptin B analogues preserve the helical propensity of the parent peptide, with a preference for the α-helix or the 3(10) -helix type depending upon the nature of the solvent. In aqueous environment, the spin-labeled analogues present a higher content of helical conformation as a consequence of the strong helix promoter effect of the conformationally constrained TOAC residue. We observed a progressive increase of the quenching effect of the nitroxyl radical on the fluorescence of the N-terminal tryptophan as TOAC replaces the Aib residue at positions 13, 8, and 4, respectively. A membrane permeabilization assay performed on two selected analogues, TOAC(8) - and TOAC(13) -tylopeptin B, showed that the labeled peptides exhibit membrane-modifying properties comparable with those of the natural peptaibiotic. We conclude that our TOAC paramagnetic analogues of tylopeptin B are good models for a detailed ESR investigation of the mechanism of membrane permeabilization induced by medium-length peptaibiotics.
Ein Beitrag zur Teilchenbildung bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von Acrylsäure‐ und Methacrylsäureestern (1976)

Abstract Zur Beschreibung der Teilchenbildung bei der Emulsionspolymerisation werden im allgemeinen zwei Denkansätze herangezogen. Gemäß Harkins, Smith und Ewart spielt die mit Monomeren angequollene Emulgatormicelle hierbei die maßgebende Rolle. Nach Fitch und Roe hingegen erfolgt die Teilchenbildung, indem in der Wasserphase gebildete Oligomerenradikale ihr Löslichkeitsgleichgewicht überschreiten. Die Praxis bei der Emulsionspolymerisation von Acrylsäure‐ und Methacrylsäureestern hat gezeigt, daß die Vorstellungen von Fitch‐Roe den wahrscheinlicheren Fall darstellen. Bei einer Betrachtungsweise über ein Lösungs‐Fällungsgleichgewicht ist es naheliegend, der Monomerengleichgewichtskonzentration in der Wasserphase und damit gleichlaufend der Hydrophilie des Polymeren größere Aufmerksamkeit zu widmen. Trägt man die mittlere Teilchenzahl N D pro Einheitsvolumen als Funktion der zu Beginn der Polymerisation vorliegenden Emulgatorkonzentration [E] auf, erhält man in doppeltlogarithmischem Maßstab die bekannten S‐fömigen Abhängigkeiten, in denen die kritische Micellkonzentration des verwendeten Emulgators keinen exponierten Kurvenpunkt darstellt. Die Teilchenzahl für eine bestimmte Emulgatorkonzentration ist dabei von der Sättigungskonzentration [M] der Monomeren in der Wasserphase abhängig. Bei den im allgemeinen viel zu wenig beachteten Agglomerationsvorgängen hat man zwischen einer Primäragglomeration und einer Sekundäragglomeration zu unterscheiden. Besonders bei den hydrophilsten Vertretern der Acrylat‐ bzw. Methacrylatreihe wirken sich diese Agglomerationserscheinungen auf die mittlere Teilchenzahl aus. Eine Ursache dafür dürfte die Emulgatorgleichgewichtskonzentration in der Teilchengrenzenfläche sein, die mit steigender Hydrophilie des Polymerisats abnimmt.
A compositional semantics for concurrent PROLOG (1988)

Concurrent logic languages like Concurrent Prolog have mechanisms in common with imperative concurrent languages: concurrency, communication, synchronization and indeterminacy, finite and infinite behaviour.A goal statement can be considered as a network of processes which run in parallel and can communicate.For imperative concurrent languages a lot of research on the semantics has been done.In this paper we show that a model, which was originally designed for imperative languages, can be used to give a formal description of Concurrent Prolog.This model is compositional: for any two conjunctions C 1 , C2 the meaning of C1 A C2 can be obtained by applying a function to the meanings of C 1 and C 2 .To be more specific: we shall employ a domain where some choices made during the computation are recorded in certain tree-like structures, and which allows for interleaving.We use tree like structures because it is not possible to use flat structures (like traces or sequences of substitutions).They do not contain enough information to handle deadlock or infinite computations.Such phenomena require that we know at a certain moment in time all the alternatives.The domain is obtained as a solution of a domain equation.We apply metric topological tools to find a solution of the domain equation, and to define operations on elements of the domain.The semantic function maps goals, given a program P, to elements of the domain.This function is defined recursively.The model is able to handle both finite and infinite computations.
Design, Analysis, and Development of a Large Ka-Band Slot Array for Digital Beam-Forming Application (2009)

This paper discusses the design, analysis, and development of a large Ka-band slot array for digital beam-forming application. The array consists of 160 times 160 elements in 16 subarrays for producing 16 digital beams in the receive mode. Infinite array mutual coupling model has been employed in the design and analysis models. Challenges posed in meeting the pattern and return loss specifications because of manufacturing tolerances are discussed. Measured return loss and pattern characteristics of 10 times 40 slot array modules as well as results on a 1 m times 1 m demonstration array are presented.
L’Apprentissage Automatique pour la prise de Decisions (2015)

court en franais:La prise de dcision stratgique concernant des ressources de valeur devrait tenir compte du degr d'aversion au risque.D'ailleurs, de nombreux domaines d'application mettent le risque au coeur de la prise de dcision.Toutefois, ce n'est pas le cas de l'apprentissage automatique.Ainsi, il semble essentiel de devoir fournir des indicateurs et des algorithmes dotant l'apprentissage automatique de la possibilit de prendre en considration le risque dans la prise de dcision.En particulier, nous souhaiterions pouvoir estimer ce dernier sur de courtes squences dpendantes gnres partir de la classe la plus gnrale possible de processus stochastiques en utilisant des outils thoriques d'infrence statistique et d'aversion au risque dans la prise de dcision squentielle.Cette thse tudie ces deux problmes en fournissant des mthodes algorithmiques prenant en considration le risque dans le cadre de la prise de dcision en apprentissage automatique.Un algorithme avec des performances de pointe est propos pour une estimation prcise des statistiques de risque avec la classe la plus gnrale de processus ergodiques et stochastiques.De plus, la notion d'aversion au risque est introduite dans la prise de dcision squentielle (apprentissage en ligne) la fois dans les jeux de bandits stochastiques et dans l'apprentissage squentiel antagoniste.
Millimeter-wave responses of a micro-contact Josephson junction using a new structure (1986)

Micro-contact Josephson device--a new type of junction using the step difference in structure--was fabricated, and its millimeter-wave responses were investigated. The construction of the device, its fabrication process, and the experimental results are described. Particularly, the forty-first step in the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-V</tex> characteristics in one type of the devices was observed under the application of 70 GHz.
73. The effect of solvent on a simple ion–dipole reaction. Part II. The rate of the methyl iodide–iodide ion exchange in five different solvents (1957)

E. R. Swart and L. J. le Roux, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 406 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000406
Validation of green‐solvent extraction combined with chromatographic chemical fingerprint to evaluate quality of <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> Bertoni (2009)

An approach that combined green-solvent methods of extraction with chromatographic chemical fingerprint and pattern recognition tools such as principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the quality of medicinal plants. Pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were used and their extraction efficiencies to extract two bioactive compounds, namely stevioside (SV) and rebaudioside A (RA), from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni (SB) under different cultivation conditions were compared. The proposed methods showed that SV and RA could be extracted from SB using pure water under optimized conditions. The extraction efficiency of the methods was observed to be higher or comparable to heating under reflux with water. The method precision (RSD, n = 6) was found to vary from 1.91 to 2.86% for the two different methods on different days. Compared to PHWE, MAE has higher extraction efficiency with shorter extraction time. MAE was also found to extract more chemical constituents and provide distinctive chemical fingerprints for quality control purposes. Thus, a combination of MAE with chromatographic chemical fingerprints and PCA provided a simple and rapid approach for the comparison and classification of medicinal plants from different growth conditions. Hence, the current work highlighted the importance of extraction method in chemical fingerprinting for the classification of medicinal plants from different cultivation conditions with the aid of pattern recognition tools used.