gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of e-science in agriculture (2015)

The European Union’s Standing Committee on Agricultural Research (SCAR) is mandated by the EU Council to play a major role in the coordination of agricultural, food and bioeconomy research efforts across the European Research Area (currently composed of 37 countries). This includes questions of advisory services, education, training and innovation. SCAR set up a Strategic Working Group of civil servants from the European Commission and the Member States to reflect on Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems. This report investigates if Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS) are fit to answer the challenges posed by the need to increase productivity and sustainability in agriculture and food production. The analysis focuses on potential disruptive changes due to developments in ICT and E-Science as well as in the bioeconomy and discusses the relation between agricultural research and research for development. Three scenarios (HighTech, Self-Organisation and Collapse) are developed as a foresight for potential future developments of AKIS. Recommendations on interactive innovation and the development of AKIS complement the analysis.
Highly active oxygen reduction non-platinum group metal electrocatalyst without direct metal–nitrogen coordination (2015)

Replacement of noble metals in catalysts for cathodic oxygen reduction reaction with transition metals mostly create active sites based on a composite of nitrogen-coordinated transition metal in close concert with non-nitrogen-coordinated carbon-embedded metal atom clusters. Here we report a non-platinum group metal electrocatalyst with an active site devoid of any direct nitrogen coordination to iron that outperforms the benchmark platinum-based catalyst in alkaline media and is comparable to its best contemporaries in acidic media. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with ex situ microscopy clearly shows nitrided carbon fibres with embedded iron particles that are not directly involved in the oxygen reduction pathway. Instead, the reaction occurs primarily on the carbon-nitrogen structure in the outer skin of the nitrided carbon fibres. Implications include the potential of creating greater active site density and the potential elimination of any Fenton-type process involving exposed iron ions culminating in peroxide initiated free-radical formation.
Stem cell applications in intervertebral disc repair. (2008)

There is increasing rise of interest in stem cell therapy, as it provides new options for treating a broad range of diseases. Several experimental methods are being explored for the use of stem cells in delaying or reversing the degenerative process of the intervertebral disc, a major cause of low back pain. In this article, we review the current strategies for stem cell applications in intervertebral disc repair and present three novel approaches. These are, first, the activation of nucleus pulposus cells by co-culture with mesenchymal stem cells for autologous disc cell reinsertion; second, the in vitro induction of nucleus pulposus-like or annulus fibrosus-like cells from mesenchymal stem cells; and third, the in vivo induction study by direct transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells to the intervertebral disc induced to degenerate experimentally. Although still untested, stem cell therapy may become a major option in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration.
A text-message filtering system design based on ACE platform (2010)

Text-message is a very important component of mobile industry, and it makes communication faster and more convenient. However, the junk text message really does a lot of harm to mobile users, mobile carriers, and the society at large. In this paper, we design a text-message filtering system which use ACE platform's abundant packages and frames, as well as its portability. This manuscript describes the functionality of such text message filtering system, and designs of its critical components. Finally, we provide example of this system.
Design and implementation of secure multicast based on SDN (2013)

Multicast communication is an important requirement for many types of applications such as IPTV, video conference. In current IP multicast architecture, any host can join a multicast group without authentication because no host identification information is maintained by routers, which leads to security risks. In addition, the routers need to be involved in both forwarding packets and maintaining route states, which results in massive complexity of the devices and produces a lot of control overheads. This paper proposes a multicast clean-slate scheme based on Software-defined Networking (SDN), aiming to improve security and controllability of multicast networks. A multicast controller logically centralized is designed to be responsible for handling multicast events, calculating multicast tree and authentication the identity of host. A prototype is implemented in our SDN platform. The result proves that our scheme is superior to the traditional IP multicast, which is reflected in two aspects: firstly, the illegal users are prevented from joining multicast group effectively. Secondly, the delay of joining a group is less than the traditional IP multicast.
Intra-flow loss recovery and control for VoIP (2001)

"Best effort" packet-switched networks, like the Internet, do not offer a reliable transmission of packets to applications with real-time constraints such as voice. Thus, the loss of packets impairs the application-level utility. For voice this utility impairment is twofold: on one hand, even short bursts of lost packets may decrease significantly the ability of the receiver to conceal the packet loss and the speech signal playout is interrupted. On the other hand, some packets may be particular sensitive to loss as they carry more important information in terms of user perception than other packets.We first develop an end-to-end model based on loss run-lengths with which we can describe the loss distribution within a flow. These packet-level metrics are then linked to user-level objective speech quality metrics. Using this framework, we find that for low-compressing sample-based codecs (PCM) with loss concealment isolated packet losses can be concealed well, whereas burst losses have a higher perceptual impact. For high-compressing frame-based codecs (G.729) on one hand the impact of loss is amplified through error propagation caused by the decoder filter memories, though on the other hand such coding schemes help to perform loss concealment by extrapolation of decoder state. Contrary to sample-based codecs we show that the concealment performance may "break" at transitions within the speech signal however.We then propose mechanisms which differentiate between packets within a voice data flow to minimize the impact of packet loss. We designate these methods as "intra-flow" loss recovery and control. At the end-to-end level, identification of packets sensitive to loss (sender) as well as loss concealment (receiver) takes place. Hop-by-hop support schemes then allow to (statistically) trade the loss of one packet, which is considered more important, against another one of the same flow which is of lower importance. As both packets require the same cost in terms of network transmission, a gain in user perception is obtainable. We show that significant speech quality improvements can bem achieved and additional data and delay overhead can be avoided while still maintaining a network service which is virtually identical to best effort in the long term.
Click chemistry for photonic applications: triazole-functionalized platinum(<scp>ii</scp>) acetylides for optical power limiting (2007)

Three different triazole-containing platinum(II) acetylide compounds were synthesized by click chemistry and evaluated for their use in optical power limiting (OPL) applications. The triazole unit was incorporated at three different positions within, or at the end of, the conjugation path of the chromophore. The aim is to explore the possibilities of using click chemistry to prepare dendronized chromophores, and to evaluate how the triazole structure affects the photophysical properties and the optical power limiting abilities of these acetylide compounds. It is shown that the concept of click chemistry can be used to attach branched monomer units to ethynyl-phenyl arms by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, forming triazole units within the chromophore. Photophysical characterization of these triazole-containing materials shows an absorption maximum within the UV-A region and emission through both fluorescence and phosphorescence. Bright phosphorescence was emitted from argon purged samples, and decay measurements thereof showed triplet lifetimes of up to 100 µs. The results from the photophysical characterization suggest that the triazole does break the conjugation path, and in order to gain maximum optical limiting the triazole needs to be placed at the end of the conjugation. All three investigated triazole-containing platinum(II) acetylides show good optical power limiting at 532 nm (10 ns pulse, f/5 set-up, 2 mm cells). The most efficient compound, with the triazole positioned at the end of the conjugation, reaches a defined clamping level of 2.5 µJ for a sample with a concentration of 50 mM in THF and a linear transmission above 80% at 532 nm. These data can be compared to the OPL properties of Zn-based porphyrins or derivatized thiophenes, reaching clamping levels of 6–15 µJ.
Apolipoprotein Mimetic Peptides: A New Approach for the Treatment of Asthma (2012)

New treatments are needed for severe asthmatics to improve disease control and avoid severe toxicities associated with oral corticosteroids. We have used a murine model of house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma to identify steroid-unresponsive genes that might represent targets for new therapeutic approaches for severe asthma. This strategy identified apolipoprotein E as a steroid-unresponsive gene with increased mRNA expression in the lungs of HDM-challenged mice. Furthermore, apolipoprotein E functioned as an endogenous negative regulator of airway hyperreactivity and goblet cell hyperplasia in experimental HDM-induced asthma. The ability of apolipoprotein E, which is expressed by lung macrophages, to attenuate AHR, and goblet cell hyperplasia is mediated by low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors expressed by airway epithelial cells. Consistent with this, administration of an apolipoprotein E mimetic peptide, corresponding to amino acids 130-149 of the LDL receptor-binding domain of the holo-apoE protein, significantly reduced AHR and goblet cell hyperplasia in HDM-challenged apoE(-/-) mice. These findings identified the apolipoprotein E - LDL receptor pathway as a new druggable target for asthma that can be activated by administration of apoE-mimetic peptides. Similarly, apolipoprotein A-I may have therapeutic potential in asthma based upon its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-fibrotic properties. Furthermore, administration of apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides has attenuated airway inflammation, airway remodeling, and airway hyperreactivity in murine models of experimental asthma. Thus, site-directed delivery of inhaled apolipoprotein E or apolipoprotein A-I mimetic peptides may represent novel treatment approaches that can be developed for asthma, including severe disease.
Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in early pregnancy promote embryo invasion in vitro: HCG enhances the effects of PBMC (2002)

This study indicated that PBMC from pregnant women promoted murine embryo invasion in vitro and this effect of PBMC was enhanced by HCG. These findings suggest that PBMC at the implantation site are activated by HCG secreted from the embryo, following which PBMC regulate embryo invasion.
Novel role of p66Shc in ROS-dependent VEGF signaling and angiogenesis in endothelial cells (2011)

p66Shc, a longevity adaptor protein, is demonstrated as a key regulator of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism involved in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulates endothelial cell (EC) migration and proliferation primarily through the VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2). We have shown that ROS derived from Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase are involved in VEGFR2 autophosphorylation and angiogenic-related responses in ECs. However, a role of p66Shc in VEGF signaling and physiological responses in ECs is unknown. Here we show that VEGF promotes p66Shc phosphorylation at Ser36 through the JNK/ERK or PKC pathway as well as Rac1 binding to a nonphosphorylated form of p66Shc in ECs. Depletion of endogenous p66Shc with short interfering RNA inhibits VEGF-induced Rac1 activity and ROS production. Fractionation of caveolin-enriched lipid raft demonstrates that p66Shc plays a critical role in VEGFR2 phosphorylation in caveolae/lipid rafts as well as downstream p38MAP kinase activation. This in turn stimulates VEGF-induced EC migration, proliferation, and capillary-like tube formation. These studies uncover a novel role of p66Shc as a positive regulator for ROS-dependent VEGFR2 signaling linked to angiogenesis in ECs and suggest p66Shc as a potential therapeutic target for various angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer based on interaction of <scp>PII</scp> and PipX proteins provides a robust and specific biosensor for 2‐oxoglutarate, a central metabolite and a signalling molecule (2014)

2-Oxoglutarate is a central metabolite and a signalling molecule in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The cellular levels of 2-oxoglutarate vary rapidly in response to environmental changes, but an easy and reliable approach is lacking for the measurement of 2-oxoglutarate. Here we report a biosensor of 2-oxoglutarate based on the 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dissociation of the PII-PipX protein complex from cyanobacteria. Fusions of PII and PipX to either cyan or yellow fluorescent protein can form a complex and their interaction can be detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Mutations in PII or PipX that affect their interaction strongly decrease the FRET signal. Furthermore, the FRET signal is negatively affected, in a specific and concentration-dependent manner, by the presence of 2-oxoglutarate. This 2-oxoglutarate biosensor responds specifically and rapidly to a large range of 2-oxoglutarate levels and is highly robust under different conditions, including in bacterial cell extracts. We further used this biosensor to study the interaction between PII and its effectors, and our data indicate that excess of Mg(2+) ions is a key factor for PII to respond efficiently to an increase in 2-oxoglutarate levels. This study paves the way for probing the dynamics of 2-oxoglutarate in various organisms and provides a valuable tool for the understanding of the molecular mechanism in metabolic regulation.
Human-Centric Indoor Scene Synthesis Using Stochastic Grammar (2018)

We present a human-centric method to sample and synthesize 3D room layouts and 2D images thereof, to obtain large-scale 2D/3D image data with the perfect per-pixel ground truth. An attributed spatial And-Or graph (S-AOG) is proposed to represent indoor scenes. The S-AOG is a probabilistic grammar model, in which the terminal nodes are object entities including room, furniture, and supported objects. Human contexts as contextual relations are encoded by Markov Random Fields (MRF) on the terminal nodes. We learn the distributions from an indoor scene dataset and sample new layouts using Monte Carlo Markov Chain. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can robustly sample a large variety of realistic room layouts based on three criteria: (i) visual realism comparing to a state-of-the-art room arrangement method, (ii) accuracy of the affordance maps with respect to ground-truth, and (ii) the functionality and naturalness of synthesized rooms evaluated by human subjects.
Quinoline and Isoquinoline (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Quinoline 1.1. Properties 1.2. Production 1.3. Uses and Economic Aspects 1.4. Derivatives 2. Isoquinoline 2.1. Properties 2.2. Production 2.3. Uses 3. Toxicology
The Role of the BRCA1 Tumor Suppressor in DNA Double-Strand Break Repair (2005)

The tumor suppressor gene BRCA1 was cloned in 1994 based on its linkage to early-onset breast and ovarian cancer. Although the BRCA1 protein has been implicated in multiple cellular functions, the precise mechanism that determines its tumor suppressor activity is not defined. Currently, the emerging picture is that BRCA1 plays an important role in maintaining genomic integrity by protecting cells from double-strand breaks (DSB) that arise during DNA replication or after DNA damage. The DSB repair pathways available in mammalian cells are homologous recombination and nonhomologous end-joining. BRCA1 function seems to be regulated by specific phosphorylations in response to DNA damage and we will focus this review on the roles played by BRCA1 in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoints. Finally, we will explore the idea that tumor suppression by BRCA1 depends on its control of DNA DSB repair, resulting in the promotion of error-free and the inhibition of error-prone recombinational repair.
Role of T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis (1998)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Influx of activated T cells into the skin lesions represents a hallmark in AD. Recent results indicate a dynamic T-cell-derived cytokine production in AD. In addition to the well-known TH-2 component, chronic lesions and late-phase allergic responses are characterized by an TH-1/TH-0 cytokine pattern. Although there is no doubt that aeroallergens can contribute to the elicitation of acute- and late-phase allergic responses in AD, their role in the immunopathogenesis is controversally discussed. Recent attention has been given to the long-known phenomenon of persistent colonization of AD skin with S. aureus and the potential role of S. aureus-derived superantigens. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies suggests that such bacterial superantigens have the potency to trigger chronic T-cell-mediated skin inflammation. Although these data are certainly suggestive, further clinical studies are required to elucidate the role of bacterial superantigens in initiation, maintenance and, especially, chronicity of skin inflammation.
Thermophysical properties of six charring ablators from 140 deg to 700 deg k and two chars from 800 deg to 3000 deg k (1965)

Thermophysical property data for ablation materials - aerodynamic heating of low density phenolic nylon and filled silicone resin
Activities of amphotericin B and antifungal azoles alone and in combination against Pseudallescheria boydii (1995)

In order to develop new approaches to treatment of infections due to Pseudallescheria boydii, the in vitro antifungal activity of amphotericin B alone and in combination with miconazole, itraconazole, and fluconazole was studied. Combinations of amphotericin B and antifungal azoles were synergistic, additive, or indifferent in their interaction against P. boydii. Antagonism was not observed.
Clustering by means of unsupervised decision trees or hierarchical and K-means-like algorithm (2000)

Analysis of monoamine concentrations in brain tissue was carried out on the two types of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). The results showed decreased levels of catecholamines compared to control cases in a number of areas, and the reductions were most pronounced for dopamine. In general, the case classified as the amyotrophic form of CJD showed a greater degree of a monoamine loss than the case with spongiform encephalopathy, which is the typical transmissible form of CJD. These findings support the scarce available data indicating disturbances in the catecholaminergic systems in these types of brain diseases, and may have therapeutic implications.
Anxiety-like behavior and dysregulation of miR-34a in triple transgenic mice of Alzheimer's disease. (2016)

We concluded that anxiety-like behavior occurred in 3xTg-AD mice with an involvement of miR-34a/GRM7.
A LabVIEW based measure system for pulse wave transit time (2008)

Pulse wave transit time (PWTT) is used as a non-invasive and cuffless method for blood pressure estimation. In this paper, we design a system that can measure PWTT by monitoring ECG and pulse wave continuously. The system includes analog signal sampling in PCB, signal display and data processing in computer. We measure pulse wave by the photo-plethysmograph (PPG) device in finger which includes an infrared LED transmitting light, photodiode in OPT101 as detector, amplifier and filters. We measure ECG by the sensor on limb. We design amplifier, 0.01 Hz high pass filter, 75 Hz low pass filter, and 50 Hz notch filter. After filtering and amplification, ECG and PPG are sampled by MCU and then the data are transmitted to computer. LabVIEW is used to receive, display and process these data, and finally figure out the PWTT. Based on PWTT value, we coarsely calculate the SBP.
InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulator integrated with a DFB laser fabricated by band-gap energy control selective area MOCVD (1993)

The fabrication and basic characteristics of a InGaAs/InGaAsP multi-quantum-well (MQW) electroabsorption modulator with a novel structure integrated with a distributed-feedback (DFB) laser are presented. A fundamental study was performed on the applicability of the InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW structure to an electroabsorption-type modulator. Efficient attenuation small hole pileup and small chirp characteristics of a discrete modulator based on this MQW structure were demonstrated experimentally. A study of the controllability of in-plane band-gap energy by the use of selective-area metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) was also demonstrated. The modulator was monolithically integrated with a MQW DFB laser of the same material. Using a low-capacitance semi-insulating buried heterostructure, over 14 GHz modulation under high-light-output operations up to +10 dBm was achieved. Modulation at 10 Gb/s with a modulation voltage swing of only 1 V/sub pp/ demonstrates the potential value of this system for 1.55- mu m lightwave communications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chromosomal evolution from the perspective of the bovine gene map (1994)

Abstract The bovine genome map has grown from a simple synteny map in 1990 to a chromosomal anchored synteny and linkage map today. The current map is a prototypic artiodactyl map which serves as a useful tool for the study of chromosomal evolution. Syntenic conservation is more pronounced in the cattle and human maps than in either of these relative to mouse . The recent development of the bovine linkage map, however, suggests that linear order of genes within conserved syntenic groups is often disparate. The cattle, human, and mouse maps can be used to delineate pathways of chromosomal evolution from a common mammalian ancestor. Conservation of gene order cannot be assumed from conservation of synteny, however, and the establishment of order of comparative anchor loci is essential for future development of cattle and other mammalian maps used for comparative purposes.