gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of dopamine (1999)

A variety of in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate that dopamine is a toxic molecule that may contribute to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease and ischemia-induced striatal damage. While much attention has focused on the fact that the metabolism of dopamine produces reactive oxygen species (peroxide, superoxide, and hydroxyl radical), growing evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter itself may play a direct role in the neurodegenerative process. Oxidation of the dopamine molecule produces a reactive quinone moiety that is capable of covalently modifying and damaging cellular macromolecules. This quinone formation occurs spontaneously, can be accelerated by metal ions (manganese or iron), and also arises from selected enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Macromolecular damage, combined with increased oxidant stress, may trigger cellular responses that eventually lead to cell death. Reactive quinones have long been known to represent environmental toxicants and, within the context of dopamine metabolism, may also play a role in pathological processes associated with neurodegeneration. The present discussion will review the oxidative metabolism of dopamine and describe experimental evidence suggesting that dopamine quinone may contribute to the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of this essential neurotransmitter.
Competitor intelligence and analysis (CIA) model and online reviews: integrating big data text mining with network analysis for strategic analysis (2020)

Purpose This study aims to propose a competitor intelligence and analysis (CIA) model that can be used for the analysis of a firm’s competitors. Empirically, it investigates the application of the CIA model on online reviews. This proposed model clarifies the confusion between terms such as competitive intelligence, competitor intelligence and competitor analysis and provides a more efficient process for managers. Design/methodology/approach The approach of the model integrates text mining techniques as a big data method with network analysis to form a competitor analysis. This study has considered two centrality metrics – degree centrality and betweenness centrality – to identify the functional associations among the resources elaborated by the customers of the hotels. Findings Findings show online reviews may be used as a solid source of intelligence. The intelligence maps visualized through the text-net technique is an efficient representation of tourist satisfaction and dissatisfaction with a tourism company and its competitors. Practical implications The proposed approach can be used in the hotel industry along with many others. The implications for scholars and managers and the possible directions for future research are also discussed in the study. Originality/value This study develops a new approach for competitive intelligence practices in the hotel industry and tests a new method for competitor analysis as a part of the competitive intelligence and analysis approach developed in this study.
Modified matched filter for cloud clutter suppression (1990)

The least-mean-square (LMS) filter has been developed as an alternative to the classical matched filter (MF) to address the clutter-spectrum issue. However, the output of the MF and the LMS processes is dependent on the scene energy and marginally dependent on the filter signal shape. An approach referred to as the modified matched filter (MMF) is presented. The MMF is a product of the LMS filter and a nonlinear operator known as the inverse Euclidean distance. The nonlinear operator modifies the LMS filter to improve its sensitivity to signal shape. A comparison indicates the relative merit of including shape detection in the LMS clutter-suppression process. Infrared cloud scenes from the background measurements and analysis program (BMAP) were used to demonstrate the relative clutter-suppression performance for both the LMS and the MMF processes. A performance metric is developed to measure cloud clutter suppression quantitatively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clarithromycin suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-8 production by human monocytes through AP-1 and NF-kappaB transcription factors (2002)

Erythromycin and other macrolides are effective for the treatment of chronic inflammatory airway diseases such as diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) and chronic sinusitis. The effect of macrolides in DPB is suggested to be anti-inflammatory rather than antibacterial. We investigated the effects of clarithromycin on interleukin-8 (IL-8) production using human peripheral monocytes and the human monocytic leukaemia cell line, THP-1. Bacterial extracts from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Helicobacter pylori, as well as E. coli-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced IL-8 production. Clarithromycin suppressed this production in a dose-dependent manner in both monocytes and THP-1 cells (49.3-75.0% inhibition at 10 mg/L). A luciferase reporter gene assay with plasmids containing a serially deleted IL-8 promoter fragment showed that both the activator protein-1 (AP-1) and/or the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kapp aB) binding sequences were responsible for the LPS and clarithromycin responsiveness of the IL-8 promoter. Consistently, in an electromobility shift assay, LPS increased the specific binding of both AP-1 and NF-kappaB, whereas clarithromycin suppressed it. Moreover, LPS and clarithromycin regulated three other promoters that have either the NF-kappa B or the AP-1 binding sequences: two synthetic (pAP-1-Luc and pNF-kappa B-Luc) and one naturally occurring (ELAM-Luc). Our results indicate that clarithromycin modified inflammation by sup-pressing IL-8 production and that clarithromycin may affect the expression of other genes through AP-1 and NF-kappa B. In addition to treatment of airway diseases, the anti-inflammatory effect of macrolides may be beneficial for the treatment of other inflammatory diseases such as chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori.
Description of an In Situ Hybridization Methodology for Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus RNA in Paraffin-Embedded Tissues, with a Survey of Normal and Neoplastic Tissues (1992)

The authors describe a highly sensitive and practical in situ hybridization method using an oligonucleotide probe for EBER1 RNA for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Paraffin-embedded tissues from 793 cases of normal and neoplastic tissues were studied. Nuclear staining for EBV RNA was uniformly present in all or virtually all neoplastic cells in a variety of known EBV-positive tumors. We also demonstrate rare EBV-infected cells in normal lymphoid tissues. RNAase predigestion, competitive inhibition, and control probe studies confirmed the specificity of the staining. In addition, cross-reactivity of EBV RNA staining with other viruses was not present. Additionally, the distribution of EBV in a wide variety of other normal and neoplastic tissues is reported.
LETTERS (1991)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLETTERSTAKESHI NAKAIView Author Information Tokyo Institute of Technology JapanCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1991, 69, 26, 2–3Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v069n026.p002https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v069n026.p002letterACS PublicationsCopyright © 1991 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (225 KB) Get e-Alerts
Capillary-based method for rock typing in transition zone of carbonate reservoirs (2018)

Reservoir simulation is established as a good practice to make the best decision for a petroleum reservoir. The reservoir is characterized in terms of reservoir elements such as structural model, well data, rock and fluid properties. Then the reservoir model is enhanced through history matching and finally different prediction scenarios are tried to find the best plan for the reservoir understudy. The more accurate the reservoir is characterized, the faster and the more precisely the history match is finished and the more reliable predictions are obtained. The most important part of reservoir characterization is the rock typing, where the quality of CCAL (conventional core analysis) and SCAL (special core analysis) properties are evaluated and estimated for any simulation grid. The resulting oil in place must be confirmed by the OOIP (original oil in place) calculated based on average petro-physical parameters for any layer. To allocate different rock types to simulation grid, rock types should be assigned according to different ranges of rock differentiation parameter which has to be determined in any specific study. Based on our experience in Iranian carbonate reservoirs, most frequently irreducible water saturation is the rock differentiation parameter. In the oil zone, water saturation from log data is assumed to be the irreducible water saturation. Thus, the rock type is identified with no trouble. The problem arises in transition zone, where water saturation from log data is not equal to the irreducible water saturation of that rock. This study includes the observed variations in terms of water saturation data versus depth and how to assign rock types to the transition zone grids. The objective of the capillary-based method is to produce a water saturation map which honors laboratory data as well as the well log data and considers the depth so that it can handle the transition zone in a proper manner. In fact, novelty of this work is to explain how it is possible to consider log and capillary pressure data together so that the most accurate rock type is assigned to reservoir grids of the transition zone. Moreover, this method is consistent with equilibration method for initializing reservoir simulations. A procedure is presented for how to implement the capillary-based method in a stepwise manner. Once the proposed method is carried out, the initialized simulation model is consistent with all sources of data (core analysis and petro-physical data). In this procedure original oil in place calculated after the initialization for simulation is more accurate and can be cross-checked with volumetric calculation based on interpreted log data. Therefore, it is considered to facilitate subsequent stages of reservoir study, namely history match and prediction.
The Reaction of Cystine and Lanthionine with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide. The Identification of 2-Methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic Acid (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of Cystine and Lanthionine with Aqueous Calcium Hydroxide. The Identification of 2-Methylthiazolidine-2,4-dicarboxylic AcidJ. R. Dann, G. L. Oliver, and J. W. Gates Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 7, 1644–1649Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01564a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01564a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A unified methodology for the evaluation of hazard alerting systems (1995)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1995.
System integration by request-driven GALS design (2006)

A novel request-driven globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) technique for the system integration of complex digital blocks is proposed. For this new GALS technique, an asynchronous wrapper compliant is developed and evaluated. This proposed GALS technique is applied to a baseband processor compatible with the wireless LAN standard IEEE 802.11a. The developed GALS baseband processor chip is fabricated and measured. Besides improvements of the system integration process, a 5 dB reduction in electromagnetic interference, 30% reduction in instantaneous supply current variation, and similar dynamic power consumption as in the synchronous baseband processor is achieved.
Iridium/iridium oxide electrode for potentiometric determination of proton activity in hydroorganic solutions at sub-zero temperatures (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIridium/iridium oxide electrode for potentiometric determination of proton activity in hydroorganic solutions at sub-zero temperaturesSilvano. Bordi, Marcello. Carla, Giorgio. Papeschi, and Serigo. PinzautiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 2, 317–319Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00266a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00266a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Legal Challenges and Market Rewards to the Use and Acceptance of Remote Sensing and Digital Information as Evidence (2002)

We need to see the future more clearly if we are to stay within ecosystem limits.Our new ability to uncover facts brings with it new opportunities and challenges for evidence, particularly in the area of environmental compliance.Satellites and other remote sensing technologies are revolutionizing our ability to visualize and simulate the potential consequences of our environmental and resource management decisions.These advances are enabling scientists, governments and industry to peer into the remotest corners of the globe, with a perception far beyond human senses.Our challenge is to determine the most efficient way to establish technologies and processes that will enable us to better manage critical ecosystems through the integration of digital earth system science, including remote sensing data, into legal systems at all levels of resource management.
Pursuing Order: Ten Years of Editorial Coverage of the Abortion Issue in The Globe and Mail (1991)

A chief function of elite newspapers is the reproduction of
 order. Ten years (1977-86) of Toronto Globe and Mail editorials about abortion
 were studied. A total of 40 were found with 30 of these appearing in the last
 three years of the decade. The editorials demonstrate that the mainstream media
 dislike those perceived as ideologues, call for moderation, and give preferred
 coverage to professionals, while virtually ignoring discussion of the ethics of
 abortion. The editorials cite men eight times as often as women.
SecurityCom: A Multi-Player Game for Researching and Teaching Information Security Teams (2007)

A major portion of government and business organizations’ attempts to counteract information security threats is teams of security personnel. These teams often consist of personnel of diverse backgrounds in specific specialties such as network administration, application development, and business administration, resulting in possible conflicts between security, functionality, and availability. This paper discusses the use of games to teach and research information security teams and outlines research to design and build a simple, team-oriented, configurable, information security game. It will be used to study how information security teams work together to defend against attacks using a multi-player game, and to study the use of games in training security teams. Studying how information security teams work, especially considering the topic of shared-situational awareness, could lead to better ways of forming, managing, and training teams. Studying the effectiveness of the game as a training tool could lead to better training for security teams.
Silicon photonics manufacturing (2010)

Most demonstrations in silicon photonics are done with single devices that are targeted for use in future systems. One of the costs of operating multiple devices concurrently on a chip in a system application is the power needed to properly space resonant device frequencies on a system's frequency grid. We asses this power requirement by quantifying the source and impact of process induced resonant frequency variation for microdisk resonators across individual die, entire wafers and wafer lots for separate process runs. Additionally we introduce a new technique, utilizing the Transverse Electric (TE) and Transverse Magnetic (TM) modes in microdisks, to extract thickness and width variations across wafers and dice. Through our analysis we find that a standard six inch Silicon on Insulator (SOI) 0.35 μm process controls microdisk resonant frequencies for the TE fundamental resonances to within 1 THz across a wafer and 105 GHz within a single die. Based on demonstrated thermal tuner technology, a stable manufacturing process exhibiting this level of variation can limit the resonance trimming power per resonant device to 231 μW. Taken in conjunction with the power to compensate for thermal environmental variations, the expected power requirement to compensate for fabrication-induced non-uniformities is 17% of that total. This leads to the prediction that thermal tuning efficiency is likely to have the most dominant impact on the overall power budget of silicon photonics resonator technology.
Correlation between the Area of Increased Autofluorescence Surrounding Geographic Atrophy and Disease Progression in Patients with AMD (2006)

FAF characteristics that are not identified by fundus photography or fluorescein angiography may serve as a prognostic determinant in advanced atrophic AMD. As the FAF signal originates from lipofuscin (LF) in postmitotic RPE cells and since increased FAF indicates excessive LF accumulation, these findings would underscore the pathophysiological role of RPE-LF in AMD pathogenesis.
Plastic optical fibers for near-infrared transmission (1986)

A new plastic optical fiber using pentafluoro trideutero styrene as a core has been prepared which enables stable transmission of near-infrared (near-IR) optical signals. Replacement of hydrogen in the core polymer with a combination of fluorine and deuterium effectively reduces molecular vibrational absorption from the near-IR to the visible region. A 174 dB/km attenuation loss was obtained in the 850 nm region. Fluorination of aromatic hydrogen of styrene suppresses the water vapor absorption very effectively, and stable optical attenuation under high humidity is achieved.
Differential effect of materials for surface hemostasis on red blood cell morphology (2008)

The design of devices for surface (topical) hemostasis has been based on maximizing activation of platelets and accelerating coagulation pathways. The studies reported herein examine another aspect of blood contact with topical hemostasis materials, i.e., surface binding of red blood cells (RBCs) and related alterations in RBC morphology. Whole blood was allowed to contact poly-N-acetyl glucosamine (pGlcNAc) containing materials: pGlcNAc nanofibers with parallel polymer alignment (beta-pGlcNAc), chitin, and chitosan. The effect on RBC morphology and function via contact with the artificial surfaces on the cell's morphology was examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). beta-pGlcNAc was found to densely bind RBCs and induce a stomatocytic-like morphology. Chitin and chitosan also bound RBCs, but with approximately 10-fold lower levels and with less distinct general morphologies. beta-pGlcNAc is thus unique in the nature of its interaction with RBCs. These studies indicate that the differential ability of various materials to bind and alter the morphology of RBCs at the artificial surface interface with blood is an important consideration in the design of devices for surface hemostasis.
Peptide Coupling in the Presence of Highly Hindered Tertiary Amines (1996)

Previously, 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine (collidine), due to steric shielding around the N-atom, was found to be an efficient base for effecting peptide segment coupling via azabenzotriazole-based onium-style coupling reagents. A number of even more highly hindered bases, including 2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyridine, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine, triisopropylamine, and N-tert-butylmorpholine, have been compared with collidine in such reactions. Some of the newer bases showed advantages in terms of convenience in handling and maintenance of configuration during segment coupling processes, although dramatic differences based on steric effects were not observed. On the basis of results with a number of test peptides and many base-coupling reagent combinations, it was noted that most efficient results are obtained if 1 equiv of HOAt is present as an additive during the coupling process. For rapid activation of onium-style coupling reagents during stepwise solid-phase coupling reactions, the stronger base 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-(dimethylamino)pyridine was more effective than collidine.