gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activity of Bicyclic Pyrimidine Nucleosides (1995)

A number of pyrimidine nucleosides, which may show two hydrogen bonding modes, have been prepared and tested for antiviral activity against a series of viruses. Whilst none of the compounds described showed significant activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the bicyclic 2′-deoxynucleoside, [2], derived from the base 6H,8H-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7-one, was shown to inhibit herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) at similar concentrations as BVDU 1 and ACV. Compounds 13, 6-(2-deoxyribofuranosyl)-6H,8H-2-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-c][1,2]oxazin-7-one, and 14, N 4 -hydroxy-5-(2-chloroethyl)-2′-deoxyuridine, were as active as ACV against varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
Validation of real-time ultrasound technology for predicting fat thicknesses, longissimus muscle areas, and composition of Brangus bulls from 4 months to 2 years of age (1992)

Sixty Brangus bulls were evaluated live using two real-time ultrasound instruments and four technicians to estimate longissimus muscle area (LMA) and 12th rib fat thickness (FT) every 4 mo beginning at 4 and 12 mo of age, respectively, and continuing until 24 mo of age. Ten bulls were slaughtered every 4 mo to determine actual LMA and FT, 9-10-11th rib chemical composition, yield grade (YG) factors, and empty body weight (EBW). Live animal traits were used to predict 9-10-11th rib composition, YG, and EBW. Scanned mean FT was accurate (P less than .05) at 16 mo and was not different (P = .09) from the actual mean FT (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to .33 cm). Scanned mean LMA was accurate (P less than .05) at 12 mo (95% of the time the error in estimation was less than or equal to 20.0 cm2). Absolute differences between scanned and actual mean FT and LMA were different (P less than .05) from zero for the main effects of month, operator and(or) interpreter, and instrument. Increased level of operator skill did not improve the accuracy of FT or LMA measurements, whereas increased level of skill of the interpreter of scans did improve the accuracy of LMA estimations. There was no difference (P greater than .05) between ultrasound instruments in accuracy of estimating FT or LMA. The most accurate prediction of YG occurred at 12 mo and incorporated LW, hip height (HH), and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .95, SD = .14). The most accurate prediction of EBW occurred at 16 mo and incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound FT (R2 = .99, SD = 6.65 kg), whereas the most accurate equation for combined slaughter periods incorporated LW, HH, and ultrasound LMA (R2 = .99, SD = 20.71 kg). We conclude that scanning of LMA at 12 mo and of FT at 12 or 16 mo were sufficiently accurate to characterize groups of bulls; however, some individual measurements were quite inaccurate. Measurements at other months should not be considered accurate for either individuals or groups of bulls. Yield grade and EBW can be accurately estimated from live animal and ultrasound measurements, which may be useful in identifying Brangus cattle with superior cutability and may eliminate the need for serial slaughter in research projects.
Extensive Bowel Ischaemia after Nifedipine Overdose (2010)

A 57-year-old woman presented with abdominal distension and vomiting two days after overdosing an unknown amount of sustained-release nifedipine tablets. She had refractory shock requiring calcium chloride, glucagon, insulin-glucose and multiple high-dose inotropic agent infusions in the intensive care unit. Her abdominal computed tomography showed features of bowel ischaemia and exploratory laporotomy reviewed non-salvageable massive bowel ischaemia. She finally succumbed after 22 days of hospital treatment. This case illustrates the importance of awareness of this potentially fatal complication of calcium channel blocker overdose, requiring early recognition and intervention.
Diabetes Mellitus and Periodontal Diseases (2006)

Diabetes increases the risk of periodontal diseases, and biologically plausible mechanisms have been demonstrated in abundance. Less clear is the impact of periodontal diseases on glycemic control of diabetes and the mechanisms through which this occurs. Inflammatory periodontal diseases may increase insulin resistance in a way similar to obesity, thereby aggravating glycemic control. Further research is needed to clarify this aspect of the relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes.
Trismus: causes, differential diagnosis, and treatment. (1998)

Successful treatment of trismus depends upon prompt recognition of its cause and the initiation of appropriate management. Otherwise, trismus may lead to permanent functional impairment. Differential diagnosis and modes of treatment are reviewed.
Parallel Protocol Implementations an Transputers - Experiences with OSI TP4, OSI CLNP, and XTP (2005)

The demand for high performance communication subsystems has rapidly increased during the last few years. Emerging applications (e.g., multi-media applications) requiring high performance are one of the driving factors for this development. But still there is a performance gap of at least one order of magnitude between the bandwidth available on the network and the application requirements. This is based on the insufficient processing power inside communication nodes. They cannot serve networks with data rates in the range of Mbps to Gbps. To overcome this so-called transport bottleneck high performance architectures for communication subsystems have to be designed considering hardware and software structure as well as protocol design and service requirements. This paper presents an approach towards high performance communication platforms based on parallel protocol implementations on transputer networks. Thereby standard OSI protocols (TP4 and CLNP) as well as emerging lightweight protocols, such as XTP have been explored. The TP4 implementation is here presented more in detail and some experiences gained within this project are summarized.
Matrix metalloproteinases: role in skeletal development and growth plate disorders (2006)

Differentiation is the cellular process that regulates development of long bones and joint surface cartilage of synovial cavities. Growth plate cartilage development is commonly referred to as endochondral ossification which is the end stage of long bone development. Endochondral ossification proceeds as a continuum of chondrocyte proliferation cycles followed by non-proliferative phases coupled to extracellular matrix protein transformations that are regulated by proteins of the hedgehog family and by parathyroid-hormone-related peptide and its receptor, the parathyroid-hormone-related peptide receptor. A compelling body of evidence has now emerged implicating matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the process of long bone lengthening and endochondral ossification. Among the MMPs, MMP-13 (collagenase-3), MMP-9 (92-kDa gelatinase; gelatinase B) and MMP-14 (MT1-MMP) are the most abundant proteinases that regulate cellular migration, alterations in the extracellular matrix and apoptosis in growth plate cartilage. Murine mutation or ablation models of growth plate development that target MMPs often result in skeletal abnormalities, indicating the critical role that MMPs play in these animal models and in skeletal maturation. Many of the MMPs that have been identified as regulating the spatial and temporal changes in rodent and rabbit endochondral ossification have also been identified by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analysis of human long bone development. Genetic manipulation to correct defective or dysfunctional MMP genes or MMP activity found in certain human chondrodysplasias may provide a novel strategy for treating medical disorders characterized by skeletal anomalies.
A Method for Solving Traveling-Salesman Problems (1958)

The traveling-salesman problem is a generalized form of the simple problem to find the smallest closed loop that connects a number of points in a plane. Efforts in the past to find an efficient method for solving it have met with only partial success. The present paper describes a method of solution that has the following properties (a) It is applicable to both symmetric and asymmetric problems with random elements (b) It does not use subjective decisions, so that it can be completely mechanized (c) It is appreciably faster than any other method proposed (d) It can be terminated at any point where the solution obtained so far is deemed sufficiently accurate.
연구 Note : 여가프로그램관리 (1992)

이 글은 여가관리연구에 대한 여러 가지 문제들을 제시하고 최상의 연구방법론을 규명하자는데 촛점이 모아졌다. 
관리영역은 매우 복잡하여 쉽게 축약시켜 공식화 시키기는 어렵다. 통합적인 연구디자인 구축과 여가 관리 연구를 위한 학제간 연계가 시급하다. 지금까지의 여가관리연구는 기술적 방식에 급급했기에 타당한 이론제시를 하지 못했고 이론가와 실천가 사이의 갭을 메울수는 없었다.
사례연구법, 현장실험방법, 비교연구법, 인종간 차등접근방법이 단순히 포본조사보다 여가관리문제에 접근하는데 더욱 효과적이다.
관리란 특정조직내의 구성원들의 노력을 계획화시키고, 통합하고, 인도하고, 조정하는 일이고 보면 어느 분야보다도 현장 실천에 응용되는 통합이론이 필수인 것이다.
An extremely broad-band waveguide polarizer (2003)

A quarter-wave waveguide polarizer with high isolation over a very large bandwidth has been developed. It consists of a rectangular waveguide with loads on all four walls. The theoretical bandwidth is almost twice as high as for polarizers known from the literature. A prototype has been measured in the frequency range 10.95-14.50 GHz. The isolation is higher than 44 dB, insertion loss is below 0.06 dB and reflection loss is below -24 dB (VSWR <1.13). In the case of dielectric loading, the correct phase behavior can easily be achieved by using screws in the walls for phase adjustment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preliminary Evidence that Incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil into RNA Correlates with Antitumor Response (1992)

A comparative study of two different species of a fluorouracil assay was conducted on 11 patients who had carcinoma that was deemed unresectable after the surgical operation. For these patients FU at a dose of 10 mg/kg was intravenously administered before operation, and portions of the tumors were resected within 120-150 min to assay both the (FU)RNA/RNA and FU/protein. After surgery, all patients were given FU alone either intravenously or orally. The FU, which was in an acid-soluble material (FU/protein), was not related to the antitumor effect of FU. However, the FU in RNA [(FU)RNA/RNA)] was found to be related to the antitumor effect of FU. When the concentration of (FU)RNA/RNA was above approximately 200 ng/mg, FU was effectual in unresectable carcinomas. It is probable that the (FU)RNA/RNA may be more suitable than FU/protein for predicting the antitumor effect of FU.
Adaptive gain control and contrast improvement for medical diagnostic ultrasound B-mode imaging system using charge-coupled devices (2002)

A B-mode ultrasound imaging system operates by transmitting a high-frequency sound pulse and measuring the strength and time of flight of the reflected signal. The ultrasound signal may be attenuated as much as 60 dB in its round trip to a target and must be normalized so that contrast is not lost in the far field. Manual controls for adjusting receiver gain versus depth are common in many clinical uses but are impractical in most surgical applications. The goal of this project was to design a circuit to automatically adjust the gain. A two-dimensional low-pass filter is used to approximate the returned signal's local average value which is a measure of the total attenuation, scattering, and beam spreading experienced by the ultrasound energy. The attenuation is compensated by dividing the returned signal by its average value to remove the attenuation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving Depth in Phosphoproteomics by Using a Strong Cation Exchange-Weak Anion Exchange-Reversed Phase Multidimensional Separation Approach (2011)

Several enrichment and separation strategies are available that allow nearly pure phosphopeptide pools to be created. These phosphopeptide pools are too complex to be completely unraveled by RP-LC-MS analysis alone. Here, we implement weak anion exchange (WAX) chromatography as an additional, complementary dimension to strong cation exchange (SCX) and reversed phase (RP). Initially, we used SCX to fractionate a human lysate digest to generate a fraction highly enriched for phosphopeptides. Analysis of this single fraction by RP-LC-MS with a 140 min gradient method allowed the identification of 4045 unique phosphopeptides (false discovery rate (FDR) < 1%; Mascot score > 20) using an Orbitrap Velos. Triplicate analysis (420 min total gradient time) of the same sample increased the total to just over 5000 unique phosphopeptides. When we separated the same sample by WAX and analyzed 14 WAX fractions by 30 min gradient RP-LC-MS (420 min total gradient time) we were able to identify 7251 unique phosphopeptides, an approximate increase of 40%, while maintaining the same total gradient time. We performed a more comprehensive, albeit also more time-consuming, analysis of the same 14 WAX fractions by the use of 140 min gradient LC-MS analyses, which resulted in the detection of over 11 000 unique phosphopeptides. Our results clearly demonstrate that additional separation dimensions are still necessary for in-depth phosphoproteomics and that WAX is a suitable dimension to be combined and sandwiched between SCX and RP chromatography.
Development of Low-Wind-Pressure Conductors for Compact Overhead Transmission Line (1984)

In order to reduce the wind pressure on overhead power transmission lines, extensive wind tunnel experiments were conducted on conventional conductors. As a result, it seemed feasible to reduce the wind pressure on the conductor by altering the surface roughness of the conductor. Based on this result, another series of extensive wind tunnel experiments was conducted on conductor models with different surface roughness. This resulted in an equation giving the optimum surface shape to minimize the surface drag coefficient for actual conductors. Following this, low- wind-pressure prototype conductors with gauges of 810 mm2 and 410 mm2 were fabricated for field experiments under natural wind conditions. The test results revealed that compared to conventional conductors, the wind pressure could be reduced to about 80% for the 810 mm2 gauge conductor, and to about 95% for the 410 mm2 gauge conductor.
Optimal adaptive controllers for unknown Markov chains (1982)

We consider the problem of adaptively controlling an unknown Markov chain. No prior information regarding the values of the transition probabilities is provided us (except for a list of forbidden, zero-probability transitions, which is usually obtained as a byproduct of the modeling process itself). The goal is to design an adaptive controller to adequately control the unknown system when its performance is measured by the average cost incurred over a long operating time period. Our main result is the exhibition of a family of adaptive controllers which, when applied to the unknown system, will result in a performance precisely equal to the optimal performance attainable if the system, i.e., the transition probabilities, were known. Hence, the adaptive controllers proposed here are truly optimal, even when operating on an unknown system. The results presented here extend similar results in [1] where we assume to be initially provided with a finite set of possible models, one of which is guaranteed to be the true one. This paper directly addresses those practical situations where a finite set of possible models with such a guarantee is hard to come by.
Electrical Discharge Machining (1989)

Abstract This article discusses the use of a shaped electrode for electrical discharge machining (EDM). It describes the operational methodology of the EDM. Topography, metallurgical and chemical effects, and surface integrity of the EDM surface are reviewed. The article provides information on the characteristics of electrodes and the process features of electrode manufacturing. Functions of the dielectric fluids and applications of the EDM are discussed. The article reviews the advancement in EDM such as no-wear EDM and computer numerically controlled vertical EDM. It analyzes the applications and process of the traveling wire EDM. Health and safety measures for the EDM process are also discussed.
Solving N-queen Problem Using Genetic Algorithm by Advance Mutation Operator (2018)

N-queen problem represents a class of constraint problems. It belongs to set of NP-Hard problems. It is applicable in many areas of science and engineering. In this paper N-queen problem is solved using genetic algorithm. A new genetic algoerithm is proposed which uses greedy mutation operator. This new mutation operator solves the N-queen problem very quickly. The proposed algorithm is applied on some instances of N-queen problem and results outperforms the previous findings.
High-level expression, purification and functional properties of soybean proglycinin from Escherichia coli. (1990)

The proglycinin synthesized in E. coli JM105 comprised approximately 20 % of the total bacterial proteins, with a yield of 39 mg per liter of culture under the optimum cultivation conditions. The proglycinin was purified to homogeneity by salt precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and cryoprecipitation. The purified proglycinin self-assembled to a trimer with a secondary structure similar to that of the glycinin half-molecule from soybean seeds, and had properties of gel formation by heating and precipitation with calcium salt as the native glycinin and glycinin half-molecule do. This indicated that the E. coli expression system of glycinin cDNA may be used for the evaluation of the self-assembly and the food qualities of protein-engineered soybean proteins.
Microwave liquid crystal wavelength selector (2001)

The combined use of a zero-order grating with liquid crystals to control microwaves is presented. A nematic liquid crystal is aligned in the 75 μm gaps of a grating comprised of 1-mm-thick aluminum slats. A set of resonant transmission frequencies is recorded for microwaves incident on this structure with their electric field perpendicular to the slats. These resonances are due to the excitation of coupled surface plasmons. A voltage applied between adjacent pairs of slats causes the liquid crystal to realign, allowing sensitive control of the transmitted microwave frequencies.
Polyanhydrides. XI. Poly(Ester-anhydride)s Derived from 4-Hydroxybenzoic Acid, Vanillic Acid, and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids (1998)

ABSTRACT Poly(ester-anhydride)s, PEA's, built up by 50 mol% ester and 50 mol% anhydride groups were prepared by polycondensation of 0,0′-bistrimethylsilyl 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and various α,ω- alkane-dicarbonylchlorides. The polycondensations were conducted either in bulk or in 1-chloronaphthalene. High yields (up to 94%) were obtained under both reaction conditions, but the higher inherent viscosities resulted from polycondensations in 1- chloronaphthalene. IR- and 13C NMR spectroscopy revealed that reaction temperatures above 200°C cause side reactions such as transacylation and transesterification. Analogous series of polycondensations were conducted with 0,0′-bistrimethylsilyl vanillic acid. The resulting PEA's were amorphous, whereas the PEA's derived from 4-hydroxybenzoic acid are semicrystalline.
Signed-Digit Numbe Representations for Fast Parallel Arithmetic (1961)

This paper describes a class of number representations which are called signed-digit representations. Signed-digit representations limit carry-propagation to one position to the left during the operations of addition and subtraction in digital computers. Carry-propagation chains are eliminated by the use of redundant representations for the operands. Redundancy in the number representation allows a method of fast addition and subtraction in which each sum (or difference) digit is the function only of the digits in two adjacent digital positions of the operands. The addition time for signed-digit numbers of any length is equal to the addition time for two digits. The paper discusses the properties of signed-digit representations and arithmetic operations with signed-digit numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and roundoff. A brief discussion of logical design problems for a signed-digit adder concludes the presentation.
A 3-D Numerical Model for Ablation Phenomena and Thermal Stress Evolution During Laser Machining (2003)

A full 3-D transient model is developed for the ablation phenomena and thermal stress evolution during laser cutting and/or drilling of ceramic plates. The computational methodology is based on the Galerkin finite element method along with the use of a fixed grid algorithm to treat the thermal ablation resulting from an applied laser source. The present model is able to model any complex ablation operations involving discontinuity in geometries, as encountered in laser cutting and laser drilling operations. This is an advantage over the front tracking method by which the ablation moving interface is precisely tracked in time and which is useful for simple geometries. The laser ablation model is coupled with a thermal stress model to predict the evolution of thermal stresses, which arise due to a rapid change in thermal gradient near the laser beams. Model predictions compare well with the available data in literature for a simple configuration. Results obtained from model for both dual pulsed laser cutting and single laser drilling are discussed.
The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Role of Nutritional Modulation of Inflammation Through Dietary Lipids (2004)

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most serious form of acute hypoxic respiratory failure. ARDS represents the expression of an acute, diffuse, inflammatory process in the lungs consequent to a variety of infectious and noninfectious conditions. It is characterized pathologically by damage to pulmonary epithelial and endothelial cells, with subsequent alveolar-capillary leak and exudative pulmonary edema. The main clinical features of ARDS include rapid onset of dyspnea, severe defects in gas exchange, and imaging studies demonstrating diffuse pulmonary infiltrates. The role of nutrition in the management of ARDS has traditionally been supportive. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of certain dietary oils (eg, fish oil, borage oil) to modulate pulmonary inflammation, thereby improving lung compliance and oxygenation, and reducing time on mechanical ventilation. This article reviews the alterations in the immune response that underlie ARDS, discusses the physiology of dietary oils as immunonutrients, summarizes animal and human studies that explore the therapeutic effects of dietary oils, and provides clinical recommendations for their use.