gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Simulation of Bitumen Aging and Rejuvenation to Mimic Multiple Cycles of Reuse (2016)

A laboratory study on bitumen aging and rejuvenation was conducted to investigate the effect of the multiple cycles of reuse on bitumen properties. The bitumen studied was unmodified conventional paving grade 70/100 pen bitumen which was aged in the laboratory, then rejuvenated with 650/900 bitumen back to 70/100 grade. Four aging-rejuvenation cycles were conducted and properties were tested after each step. The aging procedure consisted of Rolling Thin Film Oven Test (RTFOT) followed by Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) aging at 90 °C for 20 hours. Results suggest that bitumen hardens the most during the first cycle of aging with the following cycles asserting less influence. The physical bitumen properties could be restored close to the original state. However, the balance of elastic and viscous component was altered towards a more elastic behavior in each cycle. Therefore, it is debatable whether rejuvenation with soft bitumen restores the entire range of performance for the bitumen. The changes cannot be chemically reversed in described process, although the rejuvenator allows for the restoration of some physical properties.
Novel amplitude and frequency demodulation algorithm for a virtual dynamic atomic force microscope (2006)

Frequency-modulated atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM; also called non-contact atomic force microscopy) is the prevailing operation mode in (sub-)atomic resolution vacuum applications. A major obstacle that prohibits a wider application range is the low frame capture rate. The speed of FM-AFM is limited by the low bandwidth of the automatic gain control (AGC) and frequency demodulation loops. In this work we describe a novel algorithm that can be used to overcome these weaknesses. We analysed the settling times of the proposed loops and that of the complete system, and we found that an approximately 70-fold improvement can be achieved over the existing real and virtual atomic force microscopes. We show that proportional-integral-differential controllers perform better in the frequency demodulation loop than conventional proportional-integral controllers. We demonstrate that the signal to noise ratio of the proposed system is 5.7 × 10(-5), which agrees with that of the conventional systems; thus, the new algorithm would improve the performance of FM-AFMs without compromising the resolution.
Development of a Real-Time Simulation with Intelligent Tutoring Capabilities (1994)

Training programs for complex tasks are increasingly using simulations to provide transfer of training to the job environment without incurring high costs of on-the-job training. A second trend in training is toward the use of intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) to provide individualized feedback to optimize training. Combining simulation with an ITS can be especially beneficial, but use of intelligent tutoring mechanisms such as expert systems is often difficult in a complex, realtime environment. In this paper, we describe the development of a proof-of-concept training program that combines F-16 flight simulation with an embedded real-time intelligent tutoring system. In the simulation, pilots learn the correct use of advanced fire control radar modes to locate and assess multiple enemy formations (search and sort tasks). The expert system monitors pilot behavior and verbal responses as the pilot flies the simulation. At certain critical points, if the pilot's performance has fallen outside of pre-specified parameters of “safe” behavior, the tutoring component stops the simulation and feedback is provided.
The electrodynamic response of heavy-electron compounds (1999)

This review discusses the heavy-electron compounds and related materials from the perspective of their electrodynamic response. The investigation of the electrodynamic response by means of optical methods, extending over a very broad spectral range, should reveal, in principle, the complete excitation spectrum. This study incorporates several important sources of information on the intrinsic properties of the investigated materials. In particular, attention will be focused on the optical properties of prototype heavy-electron systems and on Kondo systems with low-temperature non-Fermi-liquid behavior or insulating characteristics. In the discussion, the electrodynamic response will be related to other relevant results arrived at by various experimental methods and to the theoretical state of the art.
<i>QQS</i> orphan gene regulates carbon and nitrogen partitioning across species via NF-YC interactions (2015)

The allocation of carbon and nitrogen resources to the synthesis of plant proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids is complex and under the control of many genes; much remains to be understood about this process. QQS (Qua-Quine Starch; At3g30720), an orphan gene unique to Arabidopsis thaliana, regulates metabolic processes affecting carbon and nitrogen partitioning among proteins and carbohydrates, modulating leaf and seed composition in Arabidopsis and soybean. Here the universality of QQS function in modulating carbon and nitrogen allocation is exemplified by a series of transgenic experiments. We show that ectopic expression of QQS increases soybean protein independent of the genetic background and original protein content of the cultivar. Furthermore, transgenic QQS expression increases the protein content of maize, a C4 species (a species that uses 4-carbon photosynthesis), and rice, a protein-poor agronomic crop, both highly divergent from Arabidopsis. We determine that QQS protein binds to the transcriptional regulator AtNF-YC4 (Arabidopsis nuclear factor Y, subunit C4). Overexpression of AtNF-YC4 in Arabidopsis mimics the QQS-overexpression phenotype, increasing protein and decreasing starch levels. NF-YC, a component of the NF-Y complex, is conserved across eukaryotes. The NF-YC4 homologs of soybean, rice, and maize also bind to QQS, which provides an explanation of how QQS can act in species where it does not occur endogenously. These findings are, to our knowledge, the first insight into the mechanism of action of QQS in modulating carbon and nitrogen allocation across species. They have major implications for the emergence and function of orphan genes, and identify a nontransgenic strategy for modulating protein levels in crop species, a trait of great agronomic significance.
Wound-Induced Tumor Progression (1998)

The healing wound and its mediators in wound fluid or purified growth factors significantly enhanced tumor growth. Combining TGF-beta and bFGF increased tumor growth to a level closer to wound fluid. The inflammatory response provoked by wound healing mediators may be an important mechanism in tumor growth after ablative surgery.
Chemosynthesis and characterization of fully biomass‐based copolymers of ethylene glycol, 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid, and succinic acid (2013)

ABSTRACT Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate‐ co ‐ethylene succinate) (PEFS) copolymers of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and succinic acid with 11.98–91.32 mol % FDCA composition were synthesized via melt polycondensation in the presence of ethylene glycol using tetrabutyl titanate as a catalyst. PEFSs' molecular weight, thermal properties, and molar composition were determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, intrinsic viscosity, 1 H NMR, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements. From experimental conditions, we obtained random copolymers with number‐average molecular weights exceeding 25,600, determined by GPC and 1 H NMR analyses. DSC analysis revealed that PEFS copolymers' melting temperatures differed depending on EF units' percentage. TGA studies confirmed that all PEFS copolymers' thermal stability exceeded 300°C. From WAXD analysis, it is observed that the PEFS copolymer crystal structure was similar to that of PES when EF unit was 11.98 mol % and to that of PEF when EF units were 74.35 and 91.32 mol %. These results benefit this novel biodegradable copolymer to be used as a potential biomaterial. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 1415‐1420, 2013
Development of a Sensitive and Specific Assay Combining Multiplex PCR and DNA Microarray Primer Extension To Detect High-Risk Mucosal Human Papillomavirus Types (2006)

The importance of assays for the detection and typing of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) in clinical and epidemiological studies has been well demonstrated. Several accurate methods for HPV detection and typing have been developed. However, comparative studies showed that several assays have different sensitivities for the detection of specific HPV types, particularly in the case of multiple infections. Here, we describe a novel one-shot method for the detection and typing of 19 mucosal high-risk (HR) HPV types (types 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 70, 73, and 82). This assay combines two different techniques: multiplex PCR with HPV type-specific primers for amplification of viral DNA and array primer extension (APEX) for typing. This novel method has been validated with artificial mixtures of HPV DNAs and clinical samples that were already analyzed for the presence of mucosal HPV types by a different consensus PCR method, i.e., GP5+/GP6+. Our data showed a very good agreement between the results from the multiplex PCR/APEX assay and those from the GP5+/GP6+ PCR (overall rates of HPV positivity, 63.0 and 60.9%, respectively). Whereas the GP5+/GP6+ PCR was slightly more sensitive for the detection of HPV type 16 (HPV-16), multiplex PCR-APEX found a higher number of infections with HPV-33, HPV-53, and multiple HPV types. These favorable features and the high-throughput potential make our present novel assay ideal for large-scale clinical and epidemiological studies aimed at determining the spectrum of mucosal HR HPV types in cervical specimens.
Online Feature Selection and Its Applications (2013)

Feature selection is an important technique for data mining. Despite its importance, most studies of feature selection are restricted to batch learning. Unlike traditional batch learning methods, online learning represents a promising family of efficient and scalable machine learning algorithms for large-scale applications. Most existing studies of online learning require accessing all the attributes/features of training instances. Such a classical setting is not always appropriate for real-world applications when data instances are of high dimensionality or it is expensive to acquire the full set of attributes/features. To address this limitation, we investigate the problem of online feature selection (OFS) in which an online learner is only allowed to maintain a classifier involved only a small and fixed number of features. The key challenge of online feature selection is how to make accurate prediction for an instance using a small number of active features. This is in contrast to the classical setup of online learning where all the features can be used for prediction. We attempt to tackle this challenge by studying sparsity regularization and truncation techniques. Specifically, this article addresses two different tasks of online feature selection: 1) learning with full input, where an learner is allowed to access all the features to decide the subset of active features, and 2) learning with partial input, where only a limited number of features is allowed to be accessed for each instance by the learner. We present novel algorithms to solve each of the two problems and give their performance analysis. We evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithms for online feature selection on several public data sets, and demonstrate their applications to real-world problems including image classification in computer vision and microarray gene expression analysis in bioinformatics. The encouraging results of our experiments validate the efficacy and efficiency of the proposed techniques.
4 - Champs de Markov cachés et estimation conditionnelle itérative (1994)

This work deals with the parameter estimation problem in hidden Markov fields .\nThe principal goal is the comparison of methods deriving from a recent general\nprocedure of estimation in the case ofhidden data, Iterative Conditional Estimation\n(ICE), with some existing algorithms. The paper starts with the recall of the\nimportance of the hidden Markov fields estimation problem in unsupervised image\nsegmentation. Then we compare ICE methods with sonie existing algorithms at\ndifferent levels : principle, generality of models, difficulty of its implementation.\nThe Stochastic Gradient of L. Younes and the Gibbsian EM of B . Chalmond are\ncompared with ICE methods in some detail . The principle of ICE, différent from\nprinciples of all existing methods, allows the conception of algorithms applicable\nin a quite general framework. Furthermore, the EM formulae can be obtained by\nICE and, in this sense, it can be seen as particular ICE case .
Enhanced second-harmonic generation in AlGaAs microring resonators (2007)

Highly efficient second-harmonic generation can be achieved by harnessing resonance effects in microring resonator structures. We propose an angular quasi-phase-matching scheme based on the position dependence of polarization inside the ring resonator.
ApoB-100 and HSP60 Peptides Exert a Synergetic Role in Inhibiting Early Atherosclerosis in Immunized ApoE-null Mice (2011)

Human heat shock protein 60 (hHSP60) and apolipoprotein B-100 (ApoB-100) in oxidized low density lipoproteins are considered pro-atherosclerotic factors by inducing autoimmunity response, and immunization with peptides from these two proteins can inhibit atherosclerosis in animal models. In this study, we constructed chimeric proteins containing ApoB-100 and/or hHSP60 peptides by human intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) as a scaffold and then fused with glutathionine-S transferase (GST) for expression in Escherichia coli. These purified chimeric proteins were used for immunizing apolipoprotein E (ApoE)-null mice fed on Western diet, and then the immune response and anti-atherosclerotic effect was assayed. Unexpectedly, neither anti-ApoB-100 nor anti-hHSP60 antibodies could be detected in serum. Histological analysis demonstrated the mice immunized with a chimeric protein containing both ApoB-100 and hHSP60 peptides showed the most significant reduction of atherosclerotic lesions (65.9%), and the mice immunized with the chimeric protein only containing ApoB-100 or hHSP60 peptide also showed a 26.7% (p<0.01) or 61.5% (p<0.001) reduction of atherosclerotic lesions when compared to GST control. The chimeric protein containing hHSP60 peptide was more efficient than that containing apoB-100 peptide for inhibiting atherosclerosis. This result was further supported by the in vitro assay that hHSP60 peptide could induce DCs and CD4(+) T cells to produce more TGF-beta (p<0.01) and less IFN-gamma (p<0.001) than ApoB-100 peptide. This result highlights a way for developing anti-atherosclerotic agents by construction of chimeric proteins containing hHSP60 and/or ApoB-100 peptides in the future.
Factors required for bone marrow stromal fibroblast colony formation <i>in vitro</i> (1997)

Marrow stromal fibroblasts (MSFs) are essential for the formation of the haemopoietic microenvironment and bone; however, regulation of MSF proliferation is poorly understood. MSF colony formation was studied in primary mouse and human marrow cell cultures. After a brief exposure to serum, MSF colony formation occurred in the absence of both serum and non-adherent marrow cells, if medium conditioned by marrow cells was present (serum-free conditioned medium, SF-CM). In mouse and human cultures stimulated to proliferate by SF-CM, neutralizing antibodies against PDGF, TGF-beta, bFGF and EGF specifically suppressed MSF colony formation. The degree of supression was species-dependent, with the most profound inhibition achieved in mouse cultures by anti-PDGF, anti-bFGF and anti-EGF, and in human cultures by anti-PDGF and anti-TGF-beta. Serum-free medium not conditioned by marrow cells (SFM) did not support MSF colony formation. In mouse cultures in SFM, human recombinant bFGF and bovine natural bFGF were able to partially substitute for the stimulating effect of SF-CM. Other growth factors, including TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2, PDGF, EGF, IL-6, IGF-I and IGF-II, showed no activity when tested alone. In human cultures in SFM, none of the growth factors, alone or in combination, stimulated MSF colony formation. Mouse and human MSFs grown in SF-CM formed bone and a haemopoietic microenvironment when transplantated into immunodeficient mice in vivo, and therefore were functionally equivalent to MSFs generated in the presence of serum. These data indicate that stimulation of the initial proliferation of an MSF precursor cell is complex, and requires participation of at least four growth factors: PDGF, bFGF, TGF-beta and EGF. In addition, mouse and human MSF precursor cells have different requirements for each of the growth factors.
Metallic nanoparticles from heterometallic Co–Ru carbonyl clusters in mesoporous silica xerogels and MCM-41-type materials (2000)

Impregnation of a mesoporous xerogel or of MCM-41 with an organic solution of the heterometallic cluster [NEt4][Co3Ru(CO)12], followed by thermal treatment under an inert atmosphere, leads to highly dispersed magnetic nanoparticles under milder conditions than when conventional metal salts are used as precursors.
Determination of the Torque-Speed Characteristic of an Induction Motor Using a Curve-Fitting Technique (1993)

Determination of the torque-speed characteristic of an induction motor using a curve-fitting technique This paper describes the use of a curve-fitting technique to deduce the nominal torque-speed characteristic of a three-phase induction motor from the speed data obtained in a no-load acceleration test. Experimental results show that the fitted curve is reasonably close to the torque-speed characteristic obtained from an actual load test.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polymethyl Methacrylate‐BN Nanotube Composites (2008)

Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)‐BN nanotube (BNNT) composites were fabricated and their mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. Using a 1 wt.% BNNTs fraction in a polymer, the elastic modulus of PMMA was increased up to 19%. In addition, thermal stability and glass transition temperature of PMMA were also positively affected. The thermal conductivity of PMMA with BNNT additions increased three times. The resultant BNNT‐PMMA composites possess the high electrical breakover voltages. Thus our studies clearly indicate that BNNTs are promising nanofillers for improvement of mechanical and thermal conductivity of dielectric polymers under preservation of their electrical insulation.
Modulation of spore adhesion of the hyperparasitic bacterium Pasteuria penetrans to nematode cuticle (1997)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised to the cuticule surface of second-stage juveniles (J2) of the nematode Heterodera cajani were partially characterized by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Five antigens with relative molecular weights (M(r)) 55, 80, 110, 180 and 210 kDa were identified with six mAb. Pasteuria spores, originating from the same population of H. cajani to which the antibodies were raised, were tested for their ability to attach to J2, which had been pretreated with each of the mAb. Monoclonal antibody HC/129 was found to reduce spore attachment by 42%, whereas HC/145 increased spore attachment by 124%. This is the first record of an antibody binding to the cuticle and increasing spore attachment, and suggests that components of the cuticle involved in inhibiting spore attachment may be masking the Pasteuria receptor present on the cuticle.
High-flux affinity membranes based on cellulose nanocomposites for removal of heavy metal ions from industrial effluents (2016)

Fully biobased affinity membranes based on cellulose nanocrystal functional layer for removal of heavy metal ions from industry effluents were successfully demonstrated.
Analysis of renal structural and functional features in two rat strains with a different susceptibility to glomerular sclerosis. (1986)

Individual differences in susceptibility to the development of focal and segmental glomerular hyalinosis and sclerosis (FSGHS) after loss of renal mass were studied in two rat strains. Male Wistar rats, and most other rat strains, were found to develop FSGHS associated with proteinuria with ageing, a process which could be accelerated by unilateral nephrectomy (UN). In male PVG/c rats, however, a complete resistance to the development of FSGHS was found even at 1 year after UN. The Wistar rat was found to have a lower number of nephrons per kidney and to differ from the PVG/c rat in its response to UN: Wistar rats showed an increase of whole kidney glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the remaining kidney with expansion of glomerular volume and with increased mesangial deposition of circulating macromolecules. In the PVG/c rat, UN led to a comparable proportional increase in glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow in the remaining kidney. However, in contrast to the Wistar rat neither glomerular hypertrophy nor enhanced mesangial macromolecular accumulation were observed after UN. Although the precise mechanisms underlying these effects are not identified, the current data support the "mesangial overloading" concept of FSGHS in which a local enhanced mesangial accumulation of circulating macromolecular material is thought to initiate the development of the sclerotic glomerular lesions. Moreover, to our knowledge this is the first description of a rat strain showing complete resistance to the development of FSGHS after UN. This PVG/c strain therefore seems to be a useful laboratory animal in comparison to other rat strains to further study the renal adaptation process after kidney ablation.
Effects of heterogeneities and anisotropy on sonic and ultrasonic attenuation in rocks (1992)

Abstract We compare the attenuation obtained by the resonant bar technique in the sonic frequency range (3-10 kHz) with that obtained by the pulse transmission technique in the ultrasonic frequency range (500 kHz) on a set of 30 rocks, including sandstones and limestones. The sonic and ultrasonic measurements were performed under high effective pressure on adjacent water-saturated samples from each rock block. Compressional ultrasonic attenuation was typically larger than extensional sonic attenuation, particularly in limestones. This is attributed to the presence of density heterogeneities, that can be seen on X-ray scanner imagery. Heterogeneities at the scale of the ultrasonic wavelength produce diffraction of the waves, and as a consequence, high attenuation values. At ultrasonic frequencies, large apparent shear attenuation values, compared to compressional attenuation values, are explained by shear wave splitting.
Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete,<i>Rhodococcus</i>species (2003)

The development of reliable, eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report on the use of an alkalotolerant actinomycete (Rhodococcus sp.) in the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles of the dimension 5–15 nm. Electron microscopy analysis of thin sections of the gold actinomycete cells indicated that gold particles with good monodispersity were formed on the cell wall as well as on the cytospasmic membrane. The particles are more concentrated on the cytoplasmic membrane than on the cell wall, possibly due to reduction of the metal ions by enzymes present in the cell wall and on the cytoplasmic membrane. The metal ions were not toxic to the cells and the cells continued to multiply after biosynthesis of the gold nanoparticles.