gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Über die Reaktionsfähigkeit der Seitenketten in den kernnitrierten Homologen des Benzols (1912)

2,+Binitrostilben (IV) vereiniKt: I11 IV mit einer oder rnit beiden Methylgruppen reagieren, ob es eine Mono-(VI) oder Distyrylverbinduny (VII) ergeben wiirde : VI V \'I1 o , s ( c ~c H ~c , H . CH, CH:CH.
The NIC is the hypervisor: bare-metal guests in IaaS clouds (2013)

The combined use of architectural and stress technologies in osteological studies is starting to provide the basic biomechanical underpinnings to both evolutionary and applied medical investigations of bone. The architectural investigations, though tested using invasive methods, are aimed at non-invasive ways of obtaining information from radiographs of bones, fossils and people. They include optical (Fourier) data analysis (ODA) and computational Fourier transformations (FFT). The stress studies, though initially involving older techniques such as photoelastic stress analysis, now employ finite element analysis (FEA) and, most recently, fast Lagrangian analysis of continua (FLAC). Taken together, these methods are capable of providing more detailed knowledge of bone form and function that is important (a) in revealing functional adaptation in evolutionary studies of fossils and (b) for making early diagnosis and understanding pathological fractures in the late stages of osteoporosis.
<title>New versatile system for characterization of antireflective coatings using combined spectroscopic ellipsometry and grazing x-ray reflectance</title> (1999)

Spectroscopic ellipsometry has long been recognized as a powerful technique for nondestructive characterization of thin films and multilayer structures. In the case of photolithography it has been intensively used for layer thickness and optical index determinations. Nevertheless, the main drawback of this technique is that it is not direct. The data analysis must be made adjusting a prior optical models on the experimental data. For photolithographic films, it is sometimes difficult to find accurate structural model and the analysis becomes difficult when the film is absorbent in the entire wavelength range. It is why SOPRA has developed recently a new versatile instrument that integrates different experimental techniques. The base is the SOPRA GESP5 instrument which offers already the possibility to perform spectroscopic ellipsometry, spectroscopic photometry and scatterometry. We have added a grazing x-ray reflectometer option, which allows measurements on the same spot at the same time, and combine analysis of the different data. The source is a compact ceramic Cu fine focus x-ray tube. the x-ray beam is defined by Soller Slits and a parallel interchangeable slits. After reflection on the sample surface, the beam is monochromatized using a curve graphite crystal and focused on the detector. This new system is discussed in details hereafter and characterization of antireflective for microlithography is presented.
Regulation of Protein Tyrosine Kinase Signaling by Substrate Degradation during Brain Development (2003)

Disabled-1 (Dab1) is a cytoplasmic adaptor protein that regulates neuronal migrations during mammalian brain development. Dab1 function in vivo depends on tyrosine phosphorylation, which is stimulated by extracellular Reelin and requires Src family kinases. Reelin signaling also negatively regulates Dab1 protein levels in vivo, and reduced Dab1 levels may be part of the mechanism that regulates neuronal migration. We have made use of mouse embryo cortical neuron cultures in which Reelin induces Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation and Src family kinase activation. We have found that Dab1 is normally stable, but in response to Reelin it becomes polyubiquitinated and degraded via the proteasome pathway. We have established that tyrosine phosphorylation of Dab1 is required for its degradation. Dab1 molecules lacking phosphotyrosine are not degraded in neurons in which the Dab1 degradation pathway is active. The requirements for Reelin-induced degradation of Dab1 in vitro correctly predict Dab1 protein levels in vivo in different mutant mice. We also provide evidence that Dab1 serine/threonine phosphorylation may be important for Dab1 tyrosine phosphorylation. Our data provide the first evidence for how Reelin down-regulates Dab1 protein expression in vivo. Dab1 degradation may be important for ensuring a transient Reelin response and may play a role in normal brain development.
PROLONGATION OF ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL BY 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D31 (1998)

These results suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be used as an effective agent in preventing graft rejection.
On the Importance of Pedal Edema in Hemodialysis Patients (2007)

Pedal edema correlates with cardiovascular risk factors such as age, body mass index, and left ventricular mass but does not reflect volume in hemodialysis patients.
Antioxidant Activity of Extracts and Different Solvent Fractions of Glechoma hederacea L. and Orthosiphon stamineus (Benth.) Kudo (2008)

Background. Orthosiphon stamineus is a popular medicinal plant from tropical Asia consumed in the form of in− fusions. Glechoma hederacea, once popular as a medicinal plant and as a bitter beer supplement, is a ubiquitous weed growing wild in moderate climates of Eurasia. Both plants belong to the Nepetoideae subfamily and are rich in phenolic antioxidants such as rosmarinic acid and flavonoids. Antioxidant activity can contribute to their tradi− tional uses in phytotherapy as well as to their preventive value in degenerative and life−style diseases. Objectives. Two medicinal Lamiaceae species were chosen to test their antioxidant potential using three comple− mentary assays. Preliminary screening for total polyphenols and phenolic acids was also performed to find corre− lations with the activity. Fractionation of the crude extract was carried out to reveal the contributions of compo− unds of different polarity to total antioxidant status. Interspecific variation was also analyzed. Material and Methods. Aqueous methanol extracts were prepared by reflux extraction from Orthosiphonis folium and Glechomae herba. The extracts were fractionated using liquid−liquid extraction (LLE) with petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EA), and n−butanol (BuOH). All extracts and fractions were studied for their antioxidant activity using spectrophotometric assays: • DPPH scavenging, phosphomolybdenum reduction, and deoxyribose degradation assay. Polyphenol content was studied by the Folin−Ciocalteu method, Arnow reac− tion, and Lopez−Arnaldos assay. Results. Predictably, both species possess remarkable antioxidant capacity, but the relative differences between the species and fractions depended on the applied assay. Varying correlation of total polyphenol content and the amo− unts of various chemical classes of polyphenols was also observed depending on the mechanism of antioxidant te− sting. In O. stamineus, partitioning the crude extract led to distribution of the initially very high activity among the DCM, EA, and butanol fractions, whereas in G. hederacea the moderate activity of the methanol extract was greatly enhanced in the EA and butanol fractions, which were the strongest in all assays. Conclusions. These plants can provide efficient antioxidant protection by complementary mechanisms such as free radical scavenging and metal ion reduction. However, Orthosiphonis herba is more effective as an integral extract due to the synergistic action of its components, while Glechomae herba needs fortification by fractioning the crude extract into polar solvents to increase the proportion of rosmarinic acid, the most active agent in this herb (Adv Clin Exp Med 2008, 17, 6, 615–624).
FoXS: a web server for rapid computation and fitting of SAXS profiles (2010)

Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is an increasingly common technique for low-resolution structural characterization of molecules in solution. SAXS experiment determines the scattering intensity of a molecule as a function of spatial frequency, termed SAXS profile. SAXS profiles can contribute to many applications, such as comparing a conformation in solution with the corresponding X-ray structure, modeling a flexible or multi-modular protein, and assembling a macromolecular complex from its subunits. These applications require rapid computation of a SAXS profile from a molecular structure. FoXS (Fast X-Ray Scattering) is a rapid method for computing a SAXS profile of a given structure and for matching of the computed and experimental profiles. Here, we describe the interface and capabilities of the FoXS web server (http://salilab.org/foxs).
Dramatic Hydrogen Pressure and Triethylamine Effects on the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Itaconic Acid Which Give a New Mechanistic Aspect on Asymmetric Induction (1987)

Abstract Dramatic hydrogen pressure and triethylamine effects on the asymmetric hydrogenation of itaconic acid catalyzed by BCPM-Rh+ and an explanation for these effects were described.
Prototyping of dual master I<sup>2</sup>C bus controller (2016)

The Inter - Integrated Circuit bus commonly called as I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C (I squared C) or I2C bus is a serial bus invented by Philips Semiconductors during early 80's for interconnecting integrated circuits. It consists of only two active wires called SDA and SCL. In this paper, the design and implementation of a dual master - dual slave I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C bus controller is presented. The bus controller design is implemented using VHDL based on Finite State Machine (FSM). Here, EEPROM 24C07 and 24C08 is used as the slave devices for the dual masters for performing reading and writing operations. This design is simulated using ModelSim 6.2b and is synthesized in Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.2. The hardware implementation of the I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C protocol is done using Spartan 3A FPGA.
Making Sense of Elegant Complexity in Design (2012)

The complexity of many large-scale systems is outpacing our ability to effectively design, analyze, and manage such systems. Projects such as the F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the Boeing Dreamliner, the Mars Science Lab, Boston’s Big Dig, and the U.S. Navy’s Independence warship have all been well over budget and behind schedule. While there may be a number of contributing factors, the enormous complexity of the designed systems is certainly a culprit. Large enterprises appear to be embarking on the design of such systems without a fundamental understanding of some critical principles of complex systems. These principles are emerging in the design research community and clearly illustrate that there are some elegant and simple principles that can be used to better understand, predict, and design large-scale complex systems. In this article, a number of these principles are presented in an effort to highlight the emerging research in the science of designing complex systems. An assertion is made that simplicity and complexity can and should co-exist and if simple and elegant principles are ignored, disastrous consequence may await.
SERUM ANDROSTENEDIONE AND TESTOSTERONE LEVELS DURING THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE (1973)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92037
Low Cost, Miniature, Programmable SAW Matched Filter for Tactical Spread Spectrum Systems (1983)

Programmable matched filters (PMF) are key processors in tactical spread spectrum systems. These filters provide the processing gain necessary for jam-resistant operation and the electronic programmability essential for a secure system. Small size, low cost, and operation in a military environment are additional requirements imposed by tactical systems. This paper describes the design and performance of a matched filter that meets these requirements by using a custom-designed LSI chip to provide the programmability for a surface acoustic wave (SAW) tapped line. This combination of bipolar-LSI and SAW technology results in a matched filter with near theoretical electrical performance, substantially reduced size and cost, and excellent reproducibility. Additionally, since the LSI circuits are designed for carrier frequency operation up to 300 MHZ, PN code rates of 100 Mb/s are possible. The PMF provides the correlated output (compressed pulse) for a 128-bit, PN coded, MSK input waveform having a carrier frequency of 80 MHz and a code rate of 12.8 Mb/s. Electrical performance is demonstrated by oscilloscope photographs of the impulse and matched filter response of the unit. The sidelobe level is within 1 dB of theoretical and the mismatch loss (processing gain implementation loss) is less than 0.5 dB. Additionally, satisfactory performance is demonstrated over the temperature range of -55 to +125°C.
Hydrophobie Binding of the Ectodomain of Influenza Hemagglutinin to Membranes Occurs through the “Fusion Peptide” (1989)

Toward elucidating molecular details of virus-induced membrane fusion, we have studied the low pH-triggered interaction of the bromelain-solubilized ectodomain of influenza hemagglutinin with liposomes. Polypeptide segments which insert into the apolar phase of the lipid bilayer were first labeled specifically using either of the two membrane-restricted carbene-generating reagents, 3-(trifluoromethyl)-3-([125I]iodophenyl)diazirine and 1-palmitoyl-2-[11-[4-[3-(trifluoromethyl)diazirinyl]phenyl] undecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine, and were then identified on the basis of cyanogen bromide and 2-(2-nitrophenylsulfenyl)-3-methyl-3'-bromoindolenine-skatole fragment analysis and Edman degradations. Here, we demonstrate that the hydrophobic interaction is mediated solely by the so-called "fusion peptide" which corresponds to the NH2-terminal segment of the BHA2 subunit of nature influenza hemagglutinin. Predominant sites of labeling within that segment were Phe-3, Ile-6, Phe-9, Trp-14, Met-17, and Trp-21. The average 3-4 residue spacing between consecutive labeled amino acid side chains suggests a helical structure of that segment with an amphiphilic character.
Dietary components modulate yolk protein gene transcription in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1988)

The three yolk proteins of Drosophila melanogaster begin to be synthesized at eclosion. Transcription of the genes is regulated by the genes tra, tra-2 and dsx and also by the insect hormones, juvenile hormone and 20-hydroxyecdysone. We show that there is yet another level of control which is dependent upon feeding. Females that are starved from eclosion show a basal level of yolk protein gene transcription, which is rapidly increased when a complete diet is supplied. We show that the effect is not due to incorrect development of the fat body and is unlikely to be solely due to a general effect on protein synthesis. Later in development, cessation of feeding leads to selective inhibition of yolk protein synthesis and hence egg production. The effects of starvation can be partially overcome by 20-hydroxyecdysone, juvenile hormone, casein, amino acid mix or sucrose, but only a complete medium or live yeast brings about total recovery. Using yp1-Adh fusions (fusions of the promoter region of yp1 to the structural gene for Adh), the DNA sequence required for this diet-enhanced transcription has been located within an 890 bp fragment upstream of the yp1 gene. The insect hormones do not operate on this same DNA fragment.
Steroid hormone receptors. (1984)

The neutrophil shape change response to a chemotactic formylpeptide was assessed. Neutrophil bipolar shape formation (BSF) was also simultaneously assessed with a Boyden chamber-based neutrophil migration assay. Both assays were precise and relatively reproducible; the average coefficient of variation for the BSF assay was 9.6% and 9.2% for the migration assay. In a blind study the BSF assay showed 100% sensitivity at detecting subjects with known abnormal neutrophil migration. Unlike the migration assay, the BSF assay does not require isolated neutrophils, reducing possible cell activation and monitoring the cell response under more physiological conditions. Small blood samples--1 ml or less compared with 20-40 ml for the migration assay--are used, and the method is technically simple. Results are available within 40 minutes, and routine (EDTA) blood samples are used. It is concluded that the BSF assay is a suitable motility screening test for both the clinical and pharmacological examination of the movement of polymorphonuclear leucocytes.
In Vitro and in vivo Behaviour of Biodegradable and Injectable PLA/PGA Copolymers Related to Different Matrices (2007)

This study comparatively investigates the in vitro and in vivo behavior of injectable polymeric materials for the treatment of bone defects. The tested materials were three injectable and biodegradable PLA/PGA 50/50 copolymers dispersed in different matrices: Fisograft-gel (GEL) was dispersed in an aqueous matrix of poly-ethyl-glycole (PEG); Slurry2 (SL2) was dispersed in an aqueous matrix of PEG and dextran; and Slurry6 (SL6) was dispersed in a 3% agarose matrix. The biological characterization of these materials was studied by in vitro and in vivo tests: the in vitro test assessed the cellular response in terms of viability, differentiation and synthetic activity, while the in vivo test evaluated the healing capacity of bone defects treated with these biomaterials. GEL and SL2 induced a similar response for viability and differentiation of MG63 osteoblast-like cells after a 7-day culture, while SL6 caused a higher production of both interleukin-6 and type I collagen. Since the results showed that the materials were biocompatible and not cytotoxic in vitro, the in vivo study was carried out: materials were implanted, under general anesthesia, in critical size defects of rabbit femoral condyles; after 4 and 12 weeks, the healing rates and the quality of the regenerated bone were histomorphometrically calculated. The SL2-treated defects healed better at 12 weeks with a more similar microarchitecture of the newly formed bone to normal bone in comparison with other materials, as demonstrated by bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness values.
The Classical Gold Standard’s Adjustment to Shocks: American Railroads and British Investment in the 1880s (1995)

From a late twentieth-century perspective, the international gold standard in its nineteenth-century heyday appears impressively stable and flexible. Some observers have argued that the gold standard outperformed the actively managed monetary arrangements of more recent decades. But since our understanding of the details of the workings of the historic gold standard remains seriously incomplete, such statements remain speculative. This chapter examines a major shock to the gold standard — the large flow of British capital attracted by the massive surge in American railroad investment in the 1880s. The episode dealt an unanticipated shock to the international monetary equilibrium. Adjustment to the shock provides a chance to examine details of various economies’ responses under the gold standard. Unfortunately the detailed history of the decade provides little support to any of several hypotheses regarding gold standard adjustment mechanisms. Largely crisis-free adjustment appears to owe more to coincidence of the timing of British domestic investment than to any mechanism that adjusted the British economy to the massive upsurge of foreign lending.
FLUORINATED PYRIMIDINES. XXI. THE TUMOR-INHIBITORY ACTIVITY OF 5-TRIFLUOROMETHYL-2'-DEOXYURIDINE. (1964)

The tumor-inhibitory activity of 5-trifluoromethyluracil (F3T) and 5-trifluoromethyl-2′-deoxyuridine (F3TDR) has been studied in four transplanted mouse neoplasms. The toxicity has been determined in BDF1 female mice following daily intraperitoneal injection for 7 days, and the LD50's for F3T and F3TDR are 800 mg/kg/day × 7 and 325 mg/kg/day × 7, respectively. F3TDR is more toxic when given by stomach tube, the LD50 being 225 mg/kg/day × 7. The toxicity is caused by depletion of the bone marrow, depression of the white count, and denudation of the gastrointestinal tract. In Sarcoma 180 and the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, F3TDR is less effective than 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUDR). Against L1210 leukemia F3TDR and FUDR are equally effective, whereas in Adenocarcinoma 755 F3TDR has a significantly better chemotherapeutic index than does FUDR. F3T has significant activity only against the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma. Combination chemotherapy of F3TDR and FUDR shows additive, but not synergistic, effects. A FUDR-resistant line of the Ehrlich ascites carcinoma is cross-resistant to F3TDR. The mechanism of tumor inhibition appears to be primarily a result of the inhibition of thymidylate synthetase.
Steroid Biosynthesis by the Equine Testis (1969)

Enzyme reactions in the stallion testis involved in steroid synthesis were studied to determine the factors which account for the high production of estrogens as well as androgens. In comparison with other species, the stallion testis was found to have lower 17β- (testosterone) dehydrogenase activity and very high 19-(androstenedione) hydroxylase and aromatizing systems. As a consequence, while androstenedione served as a precursor of both testosterone and estrone, a greater proportion was converted to the estrogen. The 19-hydroxylation and aromatizing activities for testosterone seemed lower than those for androstenedione. The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase systems for 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone were very active, but the A6-17,20- lyase system was apparently much less active than the A4-17,20-lyase. The predominant route of biosynthesis seems, therefore, to be: pregnenolone →17-hydroxypregnenolone →17-hydroxyprogesterone →Δ4-androstenedione →19-hydroxy- ↓androstenedione→estrone testosterone → (estradiol) (Endocrinology85: 1186, 1969)
Effects of site-directed mutagenesis of basic residues (Arg 94, Lys 95, Lys 99) of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein on binding and transfer of LPS and subsequent immune cell activation (1996)

LPS-binding protein (LBP) is a 60-kDa acute phase glycoprotein capable of binding the LPS of Gram-negative bacteria and facilitating its diffusion. This process is thought to be of potential importance in inflammatory reactions and pathogenic states such as septic shock syndrome. Here, we report on the identification of a LPS binding domain within the LBP molecule and on the identification of single amino acids important for binding of LPS by LBP. Several synthetic LBP peptides inhibited LPS-LBP interaction, and amino acids Arg 94 and Lys 95 were centrally located in these inhibitory peptides. LBP mutants with amino acid exchanges within this region were expressed and tested in five different functional assays: binding to immobilized LPS; facilitation of binding of LPS aggregates to monocytes; transfer of LPS monomers from aggregates to soluble CD14; transfer of soluble CD14-bound LPS monomers to high density lipoprotein (HDL); and enhancement of LPS-induced cell activation. The double mutant Glu 94/Glu 95 was completely lacking LPS binding, transfer, and cell stimulatory activity, indicating that the integrity of amino acids 94 and 95 is required for LBP function. While mutations of amino acids Arg 94 or Lys 95 into alanine reduced the LPS binding activity of LBP dramatically, the ability to facilitate binding of LPS aggregates to membrane CD14 at the cell surface was retained. These findings emphasize the distinction between binding of LPS aggregates to cells, which is not associated with cell stimulation, and binding of LPS monomers to CD14, which leads to cell stimulation.