gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Frequency High Power Density 3-D Integrated Gallium-Nitride-Based Point of Load Module Design (2012)

The demand for the future power supplies that can achieve higher output currents, smaller sizes, and higher efficiencies cannot be satisfied with the conventional technologies. There are limitations in the switch performance, packaging parasitics, layout parasitics, and thermal management that must be addressed to push for higher frequencies and improved power density. To address these limitations, the utilization of Gallium-Nitride (GaN) transistors, 3-D integrated technique, low-profile magnetic substrates, and ceramic substrates with high thermal conductivity are considered. This paper discusses the characteristics of GaN transistors, including the fundamental differences between the enhancement mode and the depletion mode GaN transistors, gate driving, and the deadtime loss, the effect of parasitics on the performance of high-frequency GaN point-of-load (POLs), the 3-D copackage technique to integrate the active layer with low profile low temperature cofired ceramic magnetic substrate, and the thermal design of a high -density module using advanced substrates. The final demonstrators are three 12–1.2-V conversion POL modules: a single-phase 20 A 900 W/in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex></formula> 2-MHz converter using enhancement mode GaN transistors, a single-phase10-A 800 W/in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $^{3}$</tex></formula> 5-MHz converter, and a two-phase 20-A 1100 W/in <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$ </tex></formula> 5-MHz converter using the depletion mode GaN transistors. These converters offer unmatched power density compared to state-of-the-art industry products and research.
Comparison of a combined quantum mechanics/interatomic potential function approach with its periodic quantum-mechanical limit: Proton siting and ammonia adsorption in zeolite chabazite (1998)

Comparison is made between a combined quantum mechanics/interatomic potential function approach (QM-Pot) and its fully quantum-mechanical limit, ab initio calculation applying periodic boundary conditions. The Hartree–Fock (HF) method is combined with ab initio-parametrized ion pair shell model potential functions. The CRYSTAL code is employed for the periodic Hartree–Fock calculations. The same double-/valence triple-zeta polarization basis sets are used in both the approaches. The proton siting and ammonia adsorption in a high-silica acidic zeolite catalyst, H-chabazite (Si/Al=11, space group P1, unit cell H–AlO2[SiO2]11) are examined. The combined QM-Pot relative stabilities and reaction energies deviate from the periodic full QM results by 4–9 kJ/mol only, which demonstrates the power of our combined approach. This conclusion is also supported by comparison of the electrostatic potential inside the zeolite pore, calculated from the periodic wave function and by the QM-Pot approach. Framework oxygen O1 is found to be the preferred proton site and on interaction with NH3 the proton is predicted to move to NH3 yielding NH4+. The NH4+ surface species is coordinated to two framework oxygen atoms. It is by 30–35 kJ/mol more stable than the neutral adsorption complex of NH3. Evidence is produced that the failure of previous periodic HF calculations to predict a stable NH4+ ion is due to the limitations of the minimum basis set used.
Pharmacokinetic interaction between mefloquine and ritonavir in healthy volunteers (2001)

Aims To evaluate the pharmacokinetic interaction between ritonavir and mefloquine. Methods Healthy volunteers participated in two separate, nonfasted, three‐treatment, three‐period, longitudinal pharmacokinetic studies. Study 1 (12 completed): ritonavir 200 mg twice daily for 7 days, 7 day washout, mefloquine 250 mg once daily for 3 days then once weekly for 4 weeks, ritonavir restarted for 7 days simultaneously with the last mefloquine dose. Study 2 (11 completed): ritonavir 200 mg single dose, mefloquine 250 mg once daily for 3 days then once weekly for 2 weeks, ritonavir single dose repeated 2 days after the last mefloquine dose. Erythromycin breath test (ERMBT) was administered with and without drug treatments in study 2. Results Study 1 : Ritonavir caused less than 7% changes with high precision (90% CIs: −12% to 11%) in overall plasma exposure (AUC(0,168 h)) and peak concentration ( C max ) of mefloquine, its two enantiomers, and carboxylic acid metabolite, and in the metabolite/mefloquine and enantiomeric AUC ratios. Mefloquine significantly decreased steady‐state ritonavir plasma AUC(0,12 h) by 31%, C max by 36%, and predose levels by 43%, and did not affect ritonavir binding to plasma proteins. Study 2 : Mefloquine did not alter single‐dose ritonavir pharmacokinetics. Less than 8% changes in AUC and C max were observed with high variability (90%CIs: −26% to 45%). Mefloquine had no effect on the ERMBT whereas ritonavir decreased activity by 98%. Conclusions Ritonavir minimally affected mefloquine pharmacokinetics despite strong inhibition of CYP3A4 activity from a single 200 mg dose. Mefloquine had variable effects on ritonavir pharmacokinetics that were not explained by hepatic CYP3A4 activity or ritonavir protein binding.
Comparative Effects of Chromium, Vanadium and Gymnema Sylvestre on Sugar-Induced Blood Pressure Elevations in SHR (1998)

Chromium decreases the portion of SBP elevated by high sucrose intake as shown previously, but high levels of sucrose ingestion can eventually overcome this. BMOV overcame sucrose-induced elevation of SBP as well as some of the "genetic hypertension." Different from chromium, this decrease was not overcome by high levels of dietary sucrose. The significant lowering of cholesterol with G. sylvestre ingestion indicates some effect on metabolism, but G. sylvestre did not lower and even raised SBP.
Phoenix rebirth: Scalable MapReduce on a large-scale shared-memory system (2009)

Dynamic runtimes can simplify parallel programming by automatically managing concurrency and locality without further burdening the programmer. Nevertheless, implementing such runtime systems for large-scale, shared-memory systems can be challenging. This work optimizes Phoenix, a MapReduce runtime for shared-memory multi-cores and multiprocessors, on a quad-chip, 32-core, 256-thread UltraSPARC T2+ system with NUMA characteristics. We show how a multi-layered approach that comprises optimizations on the algorithm, implementation, and OS interaction leads to significant speedup improvements with 256 threads (average of 2.5times higher speedup, maximum of 19times). We also identify the roadblocks that limit the scalability of parallel runtimes on shared-memory systems, which are inherently tied to the OS scalability on large-scale systems.
Microbial release of 226Ra2+ from (Ba,Ra)SO/sub 4/ sludges from uranium mine wastes (1986)

226Ra2+ is removed from uranium mine effluents by coprecipitation with BaSO/sub 4/. (Ba,Ra)SO/sub 4/ sludge samples from two Canadian mine sites were found to contain active heterotrophic populations of aerobic, anaerobic, denitrifying, and sulfate-reducing bacteria. Under laboratory conditions, sulfate reduction occurred in batch cultures when carbon sources such as acetate, glucose, glycollate, lactate, or pyruvate were added to samples of (Ba,Ra)SO/sub 4/ sludge. No external sources of nitrogen or phosphate were required for this activity. Further studies with lactate supplementation showed that once the soluble SO/sub 4/(2-) in the overlying water was depleted, Ba2+ and 226Ra2+ were dissolved from the (Ba,Ra)SO/sub 4/ sludge, with the concurrent production of S2-. Levels of dissolved 226Ra2+ reached approximately 400 Bq/liter after 10 weeks of incubation. Results suggest that the ultimate disposal of these sludges must maintain conditions to minimize the activity of the indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria to ensure that unacceptably high levels of 226Ra2+ are not released to the environment.
Surface-Dependent, Ligand-Mediated Photochemical Etching of CdSe Nanoplatelets (2012)

Photochemical etching of CdSe nanoplatelets was studied to establish a relationship between the nanocrystal surface and the photochemical activity of an exciton. Nanoplatelets were synthesized in a mixture of octylamine and oleylamine for the wurtzite (W) lattice or in octadecene containing oleic acid for the zinc-blende (ZB) lattice. For photochemical etching, nanoplatelets were dispersed in chloroform containing oleylamine and tributylphosphine in the absence or presence of oleic acid and then irradiated with light at the band-edge absorption maxima. Etching phenomena were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The absorption spectra of both W and ZB CdSe nanoplatelets showed that the exciton was confined in one dimension along the thickness. However, the two nanoplatelets presented different etching kinetics and erosion patterns. The rate of etching for W CdSe nanoplatelets was much faster than that for ZB nanoplatelets. Small holes were uniformly perforated on the planar surface of W nanoplatelets, whereas the corners and edges of ZB nanoplatelets were massively eroded without a significant perforation on the planar surface. This suggests that the amine-passivated surface of trivalent cadmium atoms on CdSe nanoplatelets is photochemically active, but the carboxylate-passivated surface of divalent cadmium atoms is not. Hence, the ligand, which induces the growth of W or ZB CdSe nanoplatelets, mediates the surface-dependent photochemical etching. This result implies that an electron-hole pair can be extracted from the planar surface of amine-passivated W nanoplatelets but from the corners and edges of carboxylate-passivated ZB nanoplatelets.
An iterative approach to novel polyamines via nucleophilic ring-opening of aziridinium ions with β-amino alcohols (2004)

An iterative procedure for the synthesis of a novel class of synthetic polyamines has been developed, utilising the regioselective ring-opening of aziridinium ion intermediates; facile N-allyl deprotection of intermediate polyamines allows the rapid construction of high molecular weight, stereochemically defined compounds in a convergent manner.
A market-utility approach to scheduling employees (2003)

employees-both in terms of service levels and contribution to profit.
Differential modulation of CD4 and CD8 T-cell roliferation by induction of nitric oxide synthesis in anigen presenting cells1. (2002)

These findings indicate that CD8 T-cell proliferation can be inhibited by lesser amounts of APC-derived NO than is necessary to inhibit CD4 T cell proliferation. NO synthesis was not initiated in CD4 T cell-DC cultures unless costimulatory molecules were up-regulated and IFN-gamma was produced.
Investigation of Wafer Warpage Induced by Multi-layer Films (2018)

Oxide/poly-Si films were repeatedly grown on one side of 300 mm silicon wafers to induce bending, the extent of which was quantified by warp and bow changes. Bending was affected by crystal properties, wafer shape, and local stress, as well as by oxide layer thickness and heat treatment temperature, being less pronounced for wafers with high boron and oxygen impurity concentrations and those with low initial warp, especially, in the case of negative (concave shape) initial bow. Additionally, we investigated the effect of wire-saw cut bending on site flatness and demonstrated that local area damage such as soft laser marking induced a sudden deterioration of edge flatness.
Stabile Carbeniumionen, 29. Diarylhydroxycarbenium‐perchlorate (1981)

Abstract Diarylhydroxycarbenium‐perchlorate werden als kristalline Salze dargestellt und charakterisiert.
Anaplasma phagocytophilum delays spontaneous human neutrophil apoptosis by modulation of multiple apoptotic pathways (2006)

Anaplasma phagocytophilum infects human neutrophils and inhibits the intrinsic pathway of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis by protecting mitochondrial membrane integrity. In the present study, we investigated the molecular signalling of the extrinsic pathway and the interaction between the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways in the inhibition of spontaneous human neutrophil apoptosis by A. phagocytophilum. Cell surface Fas clustering during spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis was significantly blocked by A. phagocytophilum infection. The cleavage of pro-caspase 8, caspase 8 activation and the cleavage of Bid, which links the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, in the extrinsic pathway of spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis were inhibited by A. phagocytophilum infection. Inhibition of this pathway was active as the cleavage of pro-caspase 8 and Bid in anti-Fas-induced neutrophil apoptosis was also inhibited by A. phagocytophilum infection. Likewise, A. phagocytophilum infection inhibited the pro-apoptotic Bax translocation to mitochondria, activation of caspase 9, the initiator caspase in the intrinsic pathway, and the degradation of a potent caspase inhibitor, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), during spontaneous neutrophil apoptosis. These data point to a novel mechanism induced by A. phagocytophilum involving both extrinsic and intrinsic pathways to ensure to delay the apoptosis of host neutrophils.
Mechanisms underlying acute mast cell-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion in vivo. (1995)

It has been proposed that a primary detector mechanism for tissue infection or injury may be the mast cell that releases agents that recruit leukocytes to the appropriate site at risk. The objective of this study was to evaluate the early mechanisms involved in mast cell-induced leukocyte recruitment. We used intravital microscopy to visualize leukocyte-rolling flux and adhesion in single 25 to 40 microns venules in mesenteric preparations that were treated with the mast cell-degranulating agent, compound 48/80 (CMP 48/80). Superfusion of the rat mesentery with CMP 48/80 caused a dose-dependent rise in the number of rolling and adherent cells, events significantly reduced by: 1) mast cell stabilizers, ketotifen, or cromolyn, and 2) chronic treatment with CMP 48/80 to deplete mast cell constituents. The increase in leukocyte flux associated with CMP 48/80 was blocked by diphenhydramine (H1-receptor antagonist) and an anti-P-selectin Ab (PB1.3), but not by the 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, MK 886. The reduction in the flux of rolling leukocytes translated into fewer adherent leukocytes with diphenhydramine or PB1.3. The CMP 48/80-induced rise in leukocyte adhesion, but not leukocyte flux, was reduced by the platelet-activating factor (PAF)-receptor antagonist (WEB 2086) and an anti-CD18 Ab (CL26). MK 886 did not prevent the increased leukocyte adhesion. In vitro data revealed that mast cell-derived PAF induced essentially all of the leukocyte adhesion to endothelium or protein-coated plastic. These data suggest that mast cell degranulation induces P-selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling and CD18-dependent leukocyte adhesion via histamine and PAF, respectively.
Neuropsychological Function in Schizophrenia (1991)

Unmedicated schizophrenic patients (according to DSM-III-R criteria) (n = 36) and age-matched normal controls (n = 36), balanced for parental socioeconomic status, were administered a battery of standardized neuropsychological tests. Patients showed generalized impairment relative to controls and a selective deficit in memory and learning compared with other functions. Selective impairment was not found on tests related to frontal system function (abstraction, verbal fluency, and motor). The observed pattern is consistent with greater involvement of the temporal-hippocampal system, against the background of diffuse dysfunction. Although impairment in memory and learning has been reported, the selectivity and relative severity compared with other behavioral functions have not been recognized. The specificity of this profile merits further examination. These findings lend support to the hypothesized importance of the temporal-hippocampal region in understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Where is the Human? (2019)

In recent years, AI systems have become both more powerful and increasingly promising for integration in a variety of application areas. Attention has also been called to the social challenges these systems bring, particularly in how they might fail or even actively disadvantage marginalised social groups, or how their opacity might make them difficult to oversee and challenge. In the context of these and other challenges, the roles of humans working in tandem with these systems will be important, yet the HCI community has been only a quiet voice in these debates to date. This workshop aims to catalyse and crystallise an agenda around HCI's engagement with AI systems. Topics of interest include explainable and explorable AI; documentation and review; integrating artificial and human intelligence; collaborative decision making; AI/ML in HCI Design; diverse human roles and relationships in AI systems; and critical views of AI.
Evaluation of combinations of <i>in vitro</i> sensitization test descriptors for the artificial neural network‐based risk assessment model of skin sensitization (2015)

The skin sensitization potential of chemicals has been determined with the use of the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA). However, in recent years public concern about animal welfare has led to a requirement for non-animal risk assessment systems for the prediction of skin sensitization potential, to replace LLNA. Selection of an appropriate in vitro test or in silico model descriptors is critical to obtain good predictive performance. Here, we investigated the utility of artificial neural network (ANN) prediction models using various combinations of descriptors from several in vitro sensitization tests. The dataset, collected from published data and from experiments carried out in collaboration with the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA), consisted of values from the human cell line activation test (h-CLAT), direct peptide reactivity assay (DPRA), SH test and antioxidant response element (ARE) assay for chemicals whose LLNA thresholds have been reported. After confirming the relationship between individual in vitro test descriptors and the LLNA threshold (e.g. EC3 value), we used the subsets of chemicals for which the requisite test values were available to evaluate the predictive performance of ANN models using combinations of h-CLAT/DPRA (N = 139 chemicals), the DPRA/ARE assay (N = 69), the SH test/ARE assay (N = 73), the h-CLAT/DPRA/ARE assay (N = 69) and the h-CLAT/SH test/ARE assay (N = 73). The h-CLAT/DPRA, h-CLAT/DPRA/ARE assay and h-CLAT/SH test/ARE assay combinations showed a better predictive performance than the DPRA/ARE assay and the SH test/ARE assay. Our data indicates that the descriptors evaluated in this study were all useful for predicting human skin sensitization potential, although combinations containing h-CLAT (reflecting dendritic cell-activating ability) were most effective for ANN-based prediction.
Investigational Immunotherapeutics for B-Cell Malignancies (2010)

The use of rituximab-based chemoimmunotherapy regimens has remarkably improved the response rates, long-term outcomes, and quality of life of patients with B-cell malignancies. However, a substantial number of patients exhibit either primary or acquired resistance to rituximab, which suggests that novel immunotherapeutics with distinct mechanisms of action are necessary. A series of monoclonal antibodies with specificity against different surface antigens expressed on malignant B cells (eg, CD22, CD23, CD40, CD70) and novel immunotherapeutics (eg, bispecific monoclonal antibodies, small-modular immunopharmaceuticals, T-cell engagers) are currently in clinical or final preclinical stages of development. Although these agents offer reason for optimism, considerable challenges lie ahead in establishing their real clinical value, as well as in integrating them into current therapeutic algorithms for patients with B-cell malignancies. This review describes some of the most promising investigational immunotherapeutics for the treatment of B-cell malignancies.
Availability-Guaranteed Connection Provisioning with Delay Tolerance in Optical WDM Mesh Networks (2009)

We propose a novel dynamic provisioning scheme exploiting a new user-centric SLA metric, called delay tolerance, in availability-guaranteed shared-path-protected optical WDM networks. Significant reduction in blocking probability is achieved without sacrificing additional resources.
The motion of a deformable drop in a second-order fluid (1979)

The cross-stream migration of a deformable drop in a unidirectional shear flow of a second-order fluid is considered. Expressions for the particle velocity due to the separate effects of deformation and viscoelastic rheology are obtained. The direction and magnitude of migration are calculated for the particular cases of Poiseuille flow and simple shear flow and compared with experimental data.
Language and Virtual Machine Support for Efficient Fine-Grained Futures in Java (2007)

In this work, we investigate the implementation of futures in Java J2SE v 5.0. Java 5.0 provides an interface-based implementation of futures that enables users to encapsulate potentially asynchronous computation and to define their own execution engines for futures. Although this methodology decouples thread scheduling from application logic, for applications with fine-grained parallelism, this model imposes an undue burden on the average users and introduces significant performance overhead. To address these issues, we investigate the use of lazy futures and offer an alternative implementation to the Java 5.0 approach. In particular, we present a directive-based programming model for using futures in Java that uses annotations in Java 5.0 (as opposed to interfaces) and a lazy future implementation to significantly simplify programmer effort. Our directive-based future system employs novel compilation and runtime techniques that transparently and adaptively split and spawn futures for parallel execution. All such decisions are automatic and guided by dynamically determined future granularity and underlying resource availability. We empirically evaluate our future implementation using different Java Virtual Machine configurations and common Java benchmarks that implement fine-grained parallelism. We compare directive-based lazy futures with lazy and Java 5.0 futures and show that our approach is significantly more scalable.
Organosilane Photochemistry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganosilane PhotochemistryMark G. SteinmetzCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 5, 1527–1588Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00037a017RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1350Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts