gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon−Sulfur Bond-Forming Reductive Elimination Involving sp-, sp<sup>2</sup>-, and sp<sup>3</sup>-Hybridized Carbon. Mechanism, Steric Effects, and Electronic Effects on Sulfide Formation (1998)

Palladium thiolato complexes [(L)Pd(R)(SR‘)], within which L is a chelating ligand such as DPPE, DPPP, DPPBz, DPPF, or TRANSPHOS, R is a methyl, alkenyl, aryl, or alkynyl ligand, and R‘ is an aryl or alkyl group, were synthesized by substitution or proton-transfer reactions. All of these thiolato complexes were found to undergo carbon−sulfur bond-forming reductive elimination in high yields to form dialkyl sulfides, diaryl sulfides, alkyl aryl sulfides, alkyl alkenyl sulfides, and alkyl alkynyl sulfides. Reductive eliminations forming alkenyl alkyl sulfides and aryl alkyl sulfides were the fastest. Eliminations of alkynyl alkyl sulfides were slower, and elimination of dialkyl sulfide was the slowest. Thus the relative rates for sulfide elimination as a function of the hybridization of the palladium-bound carbon follow the trend sp2 > sp ≫ sp3. Rates of reductive elimination were faster for cis-chelating phosphine ligands with larger bite angles. Kinetic studies, along with results from radical trapping reactions, analysis of solvent effects, and analysis of complexes with chelating phosphines of varying rigidity, were conducted with [Pd(L)(S-tert-butyl)(Ar)] and [Pd(L)(S-tert-butyl)(Me)]. Carbon−sulfur bond-forming reductive eliminations involving both saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbyl groups proceed by an intramolecular, concerted mechanism. Systematic changes in the electronic properties of the thiolate and aryl groups showed that reductive elimination is the fastest for electron deficient aryl groups and electron rich arenethiolates, suggesting that the reaction follows a mechanism in which the thiolate acts as a nucleophile and the aryl group an electrophile. Studies with thiolate ligands and hydrocarbyl ligands of varying steric demands favor a migration mechanism involving coordination of the hydrocarbyl ligand in the transition state.
Fast-Fourier-transform based numerical integration method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction formula (2006)

The numerical calculation of the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral is investigated. The implementation of a fast-Fourier-transform (FFT) based direct integration (FFT-DI) method is presented, and Simpson's rule is used to improve the calculation accuracy. The sampling interval, the size of the computation window, and their influence on numerical accuracy and on computational complexity are discussed for the FFT-DI and the FFT-based angular spectrum (FFT-AS) methods. The performance of the FFT-DI method is verified by numerical simulation and compared with that of the FFT-AS method.
The mechanisms of action of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. (1990)

In mammalian species and in the oldest of multicellular animal forms, NSAIDs inhibit cell activation, apparently in the absence of effects on PG biosynthesis. Thus, an alternative hypothesis can be proposed to account for the antiinflammatory effects of these drugs. Clearly, at low doses aspirin and most of the newer NSAIDs inhibit the biosynthesis of PGs from arachidonic acid, and stable PGs have been shown to mediate fever, hyperalgesia, vasodilation (edema), and several interleukin-1-dependent responses. At high doses, however, aspirin, sodium salicylate, and the newer NSAIDs (at antiinflammatory doses) inhibit non-PG-dependent processes, such as the activity of a variety of enzymes, proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes, transmembrane ion fluxes, and chemoattractant binding. These effects are most likely due to the capacity of aspirin-like drugs to insert into the lipid bilayer of plasma membranes, where they disrupt normal signaling events and protein-protein interactions. The ability of NSAIDs to thereby inhibit the activation of inflammatory cells such as the neutrophil may contribute to the antiinflammatory properties of this class of drugs.
Efficient service auto-discovery for next generation network slicing architecture (2016)

The evolution towards the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks will be characterized by ubiquitous connectivity, superior user experience, stringent reliability requirements and efficient management of a massive number of devices. These characteristics will lead to a growth of diverse services and business models, which will increase the service complexity. In order to meet the needs of future networks, cloud and virtualized technologies will be used. Network slicing is among the emerging virtualization concepts: the network resources are logically partitioned in sets, called network slices, which are properly selected in order to meet and support the communication service requirements for specific use cases. In a service centric 5G network, the foremost requirements are (a) distribution of offered services, and (b) flexible and automated discovery of a service by users. In this paper, we propose an efficient dynamic service discovery framework in the context of network slicing, based on the recently introduced concept of CloudCasting protocol. The proposed solution provides several benefits as service isolation, enhanced scalability, prompt reaction to mobility, natural accommodation of heterogeneous connectivity, and lightweight signaling to establish service discovery and distribution.
SEDIMENT PROFILE CAMERA FOR <i>IN SITU</i> STUDY OF ORGANISM‐SEDIMENT RELATIONS1 (1971)

An instrument is described that will take high resolution photographs of silt‐clay bottom types in profile. The bottom (10–20 cm) is penetrated by a slowly descending (⩽7 cm/sec) wedge‐shaped Plexiglas chamber, and the sediment profile that is cut is photographed. Such photographs reveal in situ details of bottom topography, sediment texture, depth of bioturbation, biogenic structures, and living positions of mud‐dwelling benthos. The instrument can be modified to take closeup vertical photographs of the bottom and to obtain undisturbed core samples.
Resonance charge exchange of inert-gas ions in the energy range 200--4000 eV (1975)

Effective resonance charge-exchange cross sections for inert-gas ions are measured in the energy range 200--4000 eV. The cross sections are determined by detecting slow ions and free electrons formed in single collisions of fast He$sup +$, Ne$sup +$, Ar$sup +$, Kr$sup +$, and Xe$sup +$ ions with their ''own'' atoms (potential method). Several improvements in this method are made for the purpose of applying it to the indicated energy range. The results of these investigations are compared with theoretically calculated findings and with the findings of other experimental work. (AIP)
Semiconductor photonic crystal nanostructure (2004)

Photonic crystals are expected to realize various novel performance and functions in photonic devices, such as ultralow threshold lasing in nanolasers, high efficiency light extraction from LEDs, flexible optical wirings by ultrasmall waveguide elements, unique light localization and radiation in defects, high resolution filtering and wide angle deflection of light by the superprism phenomenon, and strong nonlinear response by an ultrasmall group velocity of light at a photonic band-edge. All these have been theoretically investigated and partly demonstrated in the experiment. Most popular structures in the experiment are the photonic crystal slab as a 2-D crystal and the woodpile structure as a 3-D crystal, both of which are fabricated by simple MEMS technologies.
Skin-Effect Resistance Measurements of Conductors, at Radio-Frequencies up to 100,000 Cycles per Second (1916)

After defining the skin-effect resistance and reactance ratios, the "spirality" and "proximity effects" for conductors at radio-frequencies, a differential bridge circuit supplied with current from 10,000 to 100,000 cycles by an Alexanderson alternator is described. There are tested at various frequencies straight solid wires, stranded wires (of various spiralities, and also braided), wires with definitely spaced strands, very finely stranded wire (with insulated strands), braided "litzendraht" wire, stranded twisted wire (of various spiralities), strips (both singly and in opposed proximity), and tubes. Important practical design data, quantitative as well as comparative, are given for the range of frequencies investigated. In a number of appendices to the paper, the details of the apparatus and certain theoretical calculations of radio-frequency resistance are given.
Development of Novel Photoinitiators as Substitutes of Camphorquinone for the LED Induced Polymerization of Methacrylates: A Bis‐Silyl Ketone (2016)

A new photoinitiator based on a bis-silylketone (BSK) structure is proposed as a novel compound leading to highly efficient initiating silyl radicals for the polymerization of methacrylates (e.g., a bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate blend (70%/30% w/w)) upon exposure to a blue light emitting diode and a green laser diode. The polymerization profiles are recorded by real time Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. Absorption, fluorescence, electron spin resonance (ESR), and steady state experiments are used to investigate the involved chemical mechanisms. Molecular orbital calculations are also carried out. Remarkably, BSK efficiently works in the presence of an iodonium salt. The overall mechanism for the initiation step is clarified. This novel class of silyl radical generating photoinitiators is really promising for the photopolymerization of methacrylates, e.g., in dental materials.
Cysteine protease inhibitors reduce brain β-amyloid and β-secretase activity <i>in vivo</i> and are potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics (2007)

Beta-secretase inhibitors that lower brain beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) are likely to be effective for treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). Irreversible epoxysuccinyl cysteine protease inhibitors are known to reduce brain Abeta and beta-secretase activity in the guinea pig model of human Abeta production. In this study, acetyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-L-lysinal (Ac-LVK-CHO) is also shown to significantly reduce brain Abeta and beta-secretase activity and brain Abeta in the same model. Ac-LVK-CHO is structurally distinct from the epoxysuccinyl inhibitors and is a reversible cysteine protease inhibitor. The results suggest that cysteine protease inhibitors generally, and reversible cysteine protease inhibitors specifically, have potential for development as AD therapeutics.
Integration of foreign DNA during natural transformation of <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. by homology-facilitated illegitimate recombination (2002)

The active uptake of extracellular DNA and its genomic integration is termed natural transformation and constitutes a major horizontal gene-transfer mechanism in prokaryotes. Chromosomal DNA transferred within a species can be integrated effectively by homologous recombination, whereas foreign DNA with low or no sequence homology would rely on illegitimate recombination events, which are rare. By using the nptII(+) gene (kanamycin resistance) as selectable marker, we found that the integration of foreign DNA into the genome of the Gram-negative Acinetobacter sp. BD413 during transformation indeed was at least 10(9)-fold lower than that of homologous DNA. However, integration of foreign DNA increased at least 10(5)-fold when it was linked on one side to a piece of DNA homologous to the recipient genome. Analysis of foreign DNA integration sites revealed short stretches of sequence identity (3-8 bp) between donor and recipient DNA, indicating illegitimate recombination events. These findings suggest that homologous DNA served as a recombinational anchor facilitating illegitimate recombination acting on the same molecule. Homologous stretches down to 183 nucleotides served as anchors. Transformation with heteroduplex DNA having different nucleotide sequence tags in the strands indicated that strands entered the cytoplasm 3' to 5' and that strands with either polarity were integrated by homologous recombination. The process led to the genomic integration of thousands of foreign nucleotides and often was accompanied by deletion of a roughly corresponding length of recipient DNA. Homology-facilitated illegitimate recombination would explain the introgression of DNA in prokaryotic genomes without the help of mobile genetic elements.
Three‐Dimensional Self‐Supported Metal Oxides for Advanced Energy Storage (2014)

The miniaturization of power sources aimed at integration into micro- and nano-electronic devices is a big challenge. To ensure the future development of fully autonomous on-board systems, electrodes based on self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides have become increasingly important, and their impact is particularly significant when considering the miniaturization of energy storage systems. This review describes recent advances in the development of self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides as electrodes for innovative power sources, particularly Li-ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors. Current strategies for the design and morphology control of self-supported electrodes fabricated using template, lithography, anodization and self-organized solution techniques are outlined along with different efforts to improve the storage capacity, rate capability, and cyclability.
Effectiveness of Species of Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, and Verticillium for Control of Meloidogyne arenaria in Field Soil (1984)

The potential of several species and isolates of Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, and Verticillium, grown on autoclaved oat kernels, for use as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne arenaria, was evaluated in two greenhouse experiments. The colonized oats were added to soil infested with M. arenaria at rates of 0-1.0% (w/w). Unamended soil and soil treated with uncolonized autoclaved oats were included in the experiments as controls. After treatment, soil was seeded with 'Summer Crookneck' squash (Cucurbita pepo) and allowed to develop for 6 weeks in a greenhouse. All amendments with uncolonized oats reduced the number of galls/g of root. Additional reductions in numbers of galls were observed in soil amended with oats colonized with 2 isolates of Gliocladium roseum, one isolate of G. catenulatum, one isolate of Paecilomyces lilacinus, and one isolate each of Verticillium lamellicola and V. chlamydosporium. Amendments with either of two other isolates of P lilacinus or with one isolate of
A Digital Quarter Square Multiplier (1980)

An application of the quarter square multiplication technique used in analog computing is proposed for digital multiplication. Significant savings in storage requirements for ROM- implemented product tables are demonstrated. A two's complement multiplication circuit utilizing the digital quarter square technique is presented.
Hybrid type checking (2010)

Traditional static type systems are effective for verifying basic interface specifications. Dynamically checked contracts support more precise specifications, but these are not checked until runtime, resulting in incomplete detection of defects. Hybrid type checking is a synthesis of these two approaches that enforces precise interface specifications, via static analysis where possible, but also via dynamic checks where necessary. This article explores the key ideas and implications of hybrid type checking, in the context of the λ-calculus extended with contract types , that is, with dependent function types and with arbitrary refinements of base types.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Using Zero‐Fluoroscopy Technique: A Randomized Trial (2015)

RFA using ICE imaging and the CARTO 3 mapping system with contact force measurement is capable of eliminating fluoroscopy in patients undergoing PVI. Exclusion of fluoroscopic imaging does not seem to compromise patient safety and does not affect overall procedure duration, RF application time, or mid-term efficacy.
Effect of the percentage of SF<sub>6</sub>(100 –10 –5 ) on the decomposition of SF<sub>6</sub>–N<sub>2</sub>mixtures under negative dc coronas in the presence of water vapour or oxygen (2003)

Low SF6 content SF6–N2 mixtures have recently been proposed as a replacement for pure SF6 in the insulation of gas insulated lines (GIL). Among the areas of investigation of such gas mixtures, their electrical decomposition under corona discharges must be studied considering the possible occurrence of such stress in GIL.
Standards for Public Bathing Beaches and Wading Pools (1930)

Standards for Public Bathing Beaches and Wading Pools Reports of the Committee Stephen DeM. Gage, Harry F. Ferguson, George W. Simons, Jack J. Hinman, Jr., E. S. Tisdale, C. G. Gikkespie, and Richard Messer CopyRight*Report of the Joint Committee on Bathing Places of the A. P. H. A. and the Conference of State Sanitary Engineers, presented to the Public Health Engineering Section of the American Public Health Association at the Fifty-eighth Annual Meeting at Minneapolis, Minn., October 1, 1929. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.20.1.7 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Neural substrates related to auditory working memory comparisons in dyslexia: An fMRI study (2008)

Adult readers with developmental phonological dyslexia exhibit significant difficulty comparing pseudowords and pure tones in auditory working memory (AWM). This suggests deficient AWM skills for adults diagnosed with dyslexia. Despite behavioral differences, it is unknown whether neural substrates of AWM differ between adults diagnosed with dyslexia and normal readers. Prior neuroimaging of adults diagnosed with dyslexia and normal readers, and post-mortem findings of neural structural anomalies in adults diagnosed with dyslexia support the hypothesis of atypical neural activity in temporoparietal and inferior frontal regions during AWM tasks in adults diagnosed with dyslexia. We used fMRI during two binaural AWM tasks (pseudowords or pure tones comparisons) in adults diagnosed with dyslexia (n = 11) and normal readers (n = 11). For both AWM tasks, adults diagnosed with dyslexia exhibited greater activity in left posterior superior temporal (BA 22) and inferior parietal regions (BA 40) than normal readers. Comparing neural activity between groups and between stimuli contrasts (pseudowords vs. tones), adults diagnosed with dyslexia showed greater primary auditory cortex activity (BA 42; tones > pseudowords) than normal readers. Thus, greater activity in primary auditory, posterior superior temporal, and inferior parietal cortices during linguistic and non-linguistic AWM tasks for adults diagnosed with dyslexia compared to normal readers indicate differences in neural substrates of AWM comparison tasks.
Complement Dependence of Localisation of Aggregated IgG in Germinal Centres (1975)

In vivo decomplementation of mice with cobra factor completely prevented trapping of aggregated human IgG within splenic germinal centres. Observations of the intrasplenic position of the aggregated material within 8 hr of its injection into normal and decomplemented mice suggest that the early phase of localisation in germinal centres depends on binding to lymphocyte C3 receptors.
Dependence of ion intensity in electrospray mass spectrometry on the concentration of the analytes in the electrosprayed solution (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDependence of ion intensity in electrospray mass spectrometry on the concentration of the analytes in the electrosprayed solutionLiang. Tang and Paul. KebarleCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 24, 3654–3668Publication Date (Print):December 15, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00072a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00072a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3217Altmetric-Citations417LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-Latency Polling Schemes for Long-Reach Passive Optical Networks (2013)

The increased propagation delay of future long-reach passive optical networks (LR-PONs) may lead to a significantly increased idle time and delay if optical network units (ONUs) use conventional report-grant mechanisms. Sophisticated and efficient bandwidth allocation mechanisms are required to cope with the imposed propagation delay in LR-PONs. In this study, we evaluate three dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) frameworks in terms of frame (packet) delay; namely, we consider conventional (interleaved) polling for traditional PON and two recently introduced scheduling paradigms for next generation LR-PON, i.e., multi-thread polling (MT-P) and real-time polling (RT-P). We enhance MT-P and RT-P by applying the just-in-time framework. Next, we provide an analytical framework for evaluating the end-to-end frame delay in our enhanced MT-P and RT-P frameworks. We compare their performance with conventional polling and double-phase polling and investigate their shortcomings and advantages in an LR-PON setting. The simulation results closely match the analysis for this framework. Also, our results indicate that RT-P significantly reduces frame delay in LR-PONs compared to MT-P and conventional polling frameworks.
Two birds with one stone (2009)

The ever growing volume of Web data makes it increasingly challenging to accurately find relevant information about a specific person on the Web. To address the challenge caused by name ambiguity in Web people search, this paper explores a novel graph-based framework to both disambiguate and tag people entities in Web search results. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework in tag discovery and name disambiguation.
Tertiary sulfonium as a cationic functional group for hydroxide exchange membranes (2012)

Tertiary sulfonium is introduced as the cationic functional group for hydroxide exchange membranes (HEMs). The methoxyl-substituted triarylsulfonium functionalized HEM (i.e., PSf-MeOTASOH) exhibits excellent thermal stability (TOD: 242 °C), acceptable hydroxide conductivity (15.4 mS cm−1 at 20 °C), and good chemical stability. Our work shows that, similar to nitrogen and phosphorus, a sulfur element with designed side groups can also be used to construct HEM cationic functional groups.