gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of a Method for Estimating Pollution Emission Rates From Area Sources Using Open-Path FTIR Spectroscopy and Dispersion Modeling Techniques (1994)

This paper describes a methodology developed for the purpose of estimating emissions factors of organic compounds from a variety of different area sources in a rapid and cost effective manner. The methodology involves the use of an open-path fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer to measure concentrations of hydrocarbon and other compounds in plumes emanating from area sources. Meteorological measurements are also collected and used in conjunction with an appropriate plume dispersion model to relate measured plume and background concentrations to an emission rate for the source. This study was conducted to validate the performance of the measurements methodology, and to support the development of measurements methodology protocols, field setup guidelines, data analysis procedures, and other information needed to conduct more effective and accurate measurements. Based on the results, it appears that the methodology is capable of estimating the emissions from an area source with an accuracy of at least ± 25 to 30 percent.
Self-Supervised Online Learning of Basic Object Push Affordances (2015)

Continuous learning of object affordances in a cognitive robot is a challenging problem, the solution to which arguably requires a developmental approach. In this paper, we describe scenarios where robotic systems interact with household objects by pushing them using robot arms while observing the scene with cameras, and which must incrementally learn, without external supervision, both the effect classes that emerge from these interactions as well as a discriminative model for predicting them from object properties. We formalize the scenario as a multi-view learning problem where data co-occur over two separate data views over time, and we present an online learning framework that uses a self-supervised form of learning vector quantization to build the discriminative model. In various experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in comparison with related supervised methods using data from experiments performed using two different robotic platforms.
The modified exponentiated-Weibull distribution for life-time modeling (2002)

The so-called "exponentiated Weibull distribution" has been offered as a simple generalization of the Weibull distribution. It is well suited for modeling bathtub failure rate lifetime data. A modified version of this distribution is presented to meet the problem of bandlimited input data on failure times. This is seen to yield a more pessimistic MTBF value which is more realistic in case of lack of information. The use of the new distribution for lifetime modeling of a bathtub type distribution is demonstrated using experimental data. A closed form series expansion is also supplied to exhibit the dependence of the MTBF upon the parameters of the distribution. This is shown to yield an upper bound on the value of the MTBF. In some cases it may serve as an efficient approximation for its evaluation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Based on a Novel Low‐Cost Nanoporous Proton‐Conducting Membrane. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rhizobacterium and acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) in resistance induction against bacterial blight and expression of defense responses in cotton (2008)

The effect of acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) and the rhizobacterium isolate L2-1 (Bacillus cereus), applied either alone or in combination, was evaluated in cotton plants for resistance induction against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum. Bacterial blight severity, lignin content and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX) and beta-1.3 glucanase (GLU) were assessed at different time courses. ASM and L2-1, used alone or in combination, significantly reduced disease severity, while ASM alone was the best treatment for bacterial blight control. No synergistic effect was observed when ASM was associated to isolate L2-1. ASM induced the highest increases in the activities of PAL, POX and GLU as well as lignin deposition, mainly 14 days after treatment application. When ASM and the rhizobacterium were simultaneously applied, enzyme activities were always lower, compared to ASM alone.
Enhancement of learning and memory in mice by a benzodiazepine antagonist (1988)

Benzodiazepines, a class of drugs widely employed as anxiolytics and anticonvulsants, can induce impairments of learning and memory. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, flumazenil (Ro 15-1788), could enhance learning and memory. Pretraining injection of flumazenil (2.5 to 40.0 mg/kg) was found to enhance both learning and memory in a test requiring young mice to discriminate the correct arm of a T-maze to escape mild electric shock. In a second test, which required mice to passively avoid a dark chamber after shock, flumazenil pretreatment prevented the occurrence of amnesia induced by the cholinergic receptor antagonist scopolamine. It is hypothesized that flumazenil may facilitate learning or memory processes by reversing a negative modulatory influence of endogenous diazepam-like ligands for benzodiazepine receptors.
Acylation of fluorocarbethoxy-substituted ylides: a simple and general route to .alpha.-fluoro .beta.-keto esters (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcylation of fluorocarbethoxy-substituted ylides: a simple and general route to .alpha.-fluoro .beta.-keto estersAlagappan Thenappan and Donald J. BurtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 1, 273–277Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00001a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00001a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views702Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transmission properties of a Cantor corrugated waveguide (1996)

The spectral transmission properties of a self-similar corrugated optical waveguide are studied theoretically. The structure can be realized by square-wave modulation of the guiding layer thickness of a planar waveguide such that the thickest layers belong to a triadic Cantor set. The transmission spectrum exhibits localized peaks inside forbidden frequency band gaps. This feature could be useful in the design of novel filters. Moreover, the self-similarity of the structure is reflected in the weak self-similarity of the transmission spectrum.
Glutamate Acts as a Partial Inverse Agonist to Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor with a Single Amino Acid Mutation in the Transmembrane Domain (2013)

Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), a prototypical family 3 G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), has served as a model for studying GPCR dimerization, and growing evidence has revealed that a glutamate-induced dimeric rearrangement promotes activation of the receptor. However, structural information of the seven-transmembrane domain is severely limited, in contrast to the well studied family 1 GPCRs including rhodopsins and adrenergic receptors. Homology modeling of mGluR8 transmembrane domain with rhodopsin as a template suggested the presence of a conserved water-mediated hydrogen-bonding network between helices VI and VII, which presumably constrains the receptor in an inactive conformation. We therefore conducted a mutational analysis to assess structural similarities between mGluR and family 1 GPCRs. Mutational experiments confirmed that the disruption of the hydrogen-bonding network by T789Y(6.43) mutation induced high constitutive activity. Unexpectedly, this high constitutive activity was suppressed by glutamate, the natural agonist ligand, indicating that glutamate acts as a partial inverse agonist to this mutant. Fluorescence energy transfer analysis of T789Y(6.43) suggested that the glutamate-induced reduction of the activity originated not from the dimeric rearrangement but from conformational changes within each protomer. Double mutational analysis showed that the specific interaction between Tyr-789(6.43) and Gly-831(7.45) in T789Y(6.43) mutant was important for this phenotype. Therefore, the present study is consistent with the notion that the metabotropic glutamate receptor shares a common activation mechanism with family 1 GPCRs, where rearrangement between helices VI and VII causes the active state formation.
Effective video capture techniques for educational multimedia (2002)

The introduction of digital media into educational software design is both a blessing and a challenge to designers of these programs. The effective use of video in computer based instruction provides a method of engaging the learner using moving visual images, narration, music, and sound effects. The challenge lies in effectively capturing high quality video and audio without consuming a large amount of hard drive space and valuable time. Existing video capture software provides the multimedia designer with the tools for creating effective video clips, if one knows how to use them properly. The paper presents a simple and effective process for creating digital movies suitable for educational use. Numerous parameters can serve to improve or harm the quality of the video. The paper addresses those parameters, and how to manipulate them in order to get the most out the capturing process. Most of the information presented is in reference to Mac based production. Specifically discussed are the following: optimal software compression schemes and what settings to choose for various video types; optimal hard drive configurations; capturing strategies; post capture processing to improve disk storage requirements and picture quality; and finally, a few cross platform issues. The step by step process presented will provide educators with the tools needed to create high quality digital video clips for their instructional designs.
New DRAM noise generation under half-V/sub cc/ precharge and its reduction using a transposed amplifier (1989)

Dynamic RAM (DRAM) data-line interface noise generated during amplification, the key problem in designing 16 Mbit and higher DRAMs, is investigated. It is reported that: (1) in the half-V/sub cc/ approach, specific combinations of signal types (high and low) and CMOS sense-amplifier operating sequences cause interference noise during amplification; (2) interference noise exists in sense amplifiers; and (3) the noise results in a detrimental effect on data holding time characteristics. The interference noise is overcome by a transposed amplifier structure combined with a transposed data-line structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization and mapping of the 12kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12)-binding site on different isoforms of the ryanodine receptor and of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (2001)

We investigated the interaction of the 12kDa FK506-binding protein (FKBP12) with two ryanodine-receptor isoforms (RyR1 and RyR3) and with two myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor isoforms (IP3R1 and IP3R3). Using glutathione S-transferase (GST)-FKBP12 affinity chromatography, we could efficiently extract RyR1 (42±7% of the solubilized RyR1) from terminal cisternae of skeletal muscle as well as RyR3 (32±4% of the solubilized RyR3) from RyR3-overexpressing HEK-293 cells. These interactions were completely abolished by FK506 (20µM) but were largely unaffected by RyR-channel modulators. In contrast, neither IP3R1 nor IP3R3 from various sources, including rabbit cerebellum, A7r5 smooth-muscle cells and IP3R-overexpressing Sf9 insect cells from Spodoptera frugiperda, were retained on the GST-FKBP12 matrix. Moreover, immunoprecipitation experiments indicated a high-affinity interaction of FKBP12 with RyR1 but not with IP3R1. In order to determine the FKBP12-binding site, we fragmented both RyR1 and IP3R1 by limited proteolysis. We obtained a 45kDa fragment of RyR1 that bound to the GST-FKBP12 matrix, indicating that it retained all requirements for FKBP12 binding. This fragment was identified by its interaction with antibody m34C and must therefore contain its epitope (amino acids 2756–2803). However, no fragment of IP3R1 was retained on the column. These molecular data are in agreement with the lack of correlation between FKBP12 and IP3R1 expression in various cell types. The observation that FKBP12 did not affect IP3-induced Ca2+ release but reduced caffeine-induced Ca2+ release also indicated that mature IP3R1 and IP3R3, in contrast to RyR1 and RyR3, did not display a specific, high-affinity interaction with FKBP12.
Anti-DNA antibodies react with DNA expressed on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes. (1986)

It is becoming increasingly apparent that nuclear antigens can be expressed on the surfaces of certain cells. We provide evidence that anti-DNA antibodies are reactive with DNA on the surface of monocytes and B lymphocytes. The DNA isolated from monocytes sedimented in a 17.8S position, corresponding to a molecular weight of 4.6 X 10(6); it was mainly double-stranded with many short single stranded regions. In one patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus experiments indicated that anti-DNA antibodies had interacted in vivo with the cell surface DNA on monocytes. The functional significance, if any, of these findings remains to be determined.
Inactivation of Lipase Enzyme by Using Chemicals to Maximize Rice Bran Shelf Life and its Edible Oil Recovery (2015)

Rice bran is the by-product of the rice milling industries so in view of growing need and consciousness about the nutritional and functional properties the rice bran is very important co-product. In this research article the methods were described regarding different chemicals with different concentration in controlling the activity of lipase enzyme and ultimately to maximize its oil recovery from the rice bran during 60 days of storage in a room temperature. The use of hydrochloric acid at concentration of about 30ml/Kg helps greatly in controlling the lipase enzyme activity and reduces the % of FFA while the other chemicals used in this study (Phosphoric acid, Acetic acid, Sodium meta-bisulphite) failed to control in the rise of free fatty acid contents. The chemicals can be applied easily by sprinkling or spraying. This operation done on small rice bran lots through manual hand mixing. This method of chemical stabilization of rice bran is really a useful method in the rice mills where there is shortage of electricity or steaming facility.
Association of FcγRIIa and FcγRIIa polymorphisms with clinical outcome in metastatic colorectal cancer patients (mCRC) treated with cetuximab and irinotecan (2008)

11004 Background: Cetuximab, a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 targeting the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in mCRC patients refractory to Irinotecan, mainly in wild type KRAS tumors. Besides the inhibition of the EGFR pathway, Cetuximab may exert anti-tumor effects through antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). This phenomenon is an important anticancer mechanism in which antibody Fc portion interacts with Fc receptors (FcγRs) expressed by immune effector cells. ADCC is influenced by two FcγRs (FcγRIIa and FcγRIIIa), whose polymorphisms (FcγRIIa-H131R and FcγRIIIa- V158F) could affect their affinity for IgG1. We wondered whether these two polymorphisms could impact the clinical outcome of mCRC patients treated with Cetuximab and Irinotecan. Methods: We examined FcγRIIa-H131R and FcγRIIIa-V158F polymorphisms and KRAS tumor mutational status in 69 mCRC patients by direct sequencing, multiplex allele-specific PCR and SnaPshot assay, respectively. DNA from normal and tumor tissues was extracted from paraffin-embedded samples. All patients were initially refractory to Irinotecan and received Cetuximab associated with Irinotecan. Clinical response was evaluated using RECIST criteria (Complete Response, Partial Response (PR), Stable or Progressive Disease). Results: KRAS mutations were significantly associated with the absence of response (1 PR among 27 mutated patients vs 10 PR among 37 wild type patients, p=0.021; Fisher’s exact test). Patients with HH and/or VV homozygous genotypes have a longer median progression free survival (PFS) than those carrying R and F alleles (5.5 vs 3 months, p=0.005; log-rank test). In KRAS mutated patients, HH and/or VV homozygous genotypes were also associated with a longer PFS than those with R and F alleles (3.2 vs 2.8 months, p=0.015). Conclusions: Our study shows that FcγRIIa131 HH and/or FcγRIIIa158 VV genotypes have a favorable impact on the clinical outcome of mCRC patients treated with Cetuximab and Irinotecan. Moreover, these polymorphisms are clinically relevant in KRAS mutated patients, suggesting the important role of ADCC in Cetuximab efficacy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An Overview of Modeling and Simulation of the Milling Process (1991)

In this paper, various models of the milling process in frequent use are reviewed. They are classified in order of increasing sophistication and accuracy as (1) the Average Rigid Force Static Deflection Model, (2) the Instantaneous Rigid Force Model, (3) the Instantaneous Rigid Force, Static Deflection Model, (4) the Instantaneous Force With Static Deflection Feedback Model, and (5) the Regenerative Force, Dynamic Deflection Model. In each case, the validity, possible applications, and limitations of the model are discussed. In the final section, several applications of the Regenerative Force, Dynamic Deflection Model are used to illustrate the wide range of applicability of this model.
A Novel Frequency-Processing Method and Its Implications on Future Tuning Systems (1979)

The paper deals with a principially new linear technique applicable to virtually every field of linear or digital electronics where the necessity of processing the frequency of a given signal occurs. On the example of the first integrated device utilizing the 'Frequency Processing Technique' authors illustrate the methods of precise lineararization of tuning characteristics of a number of voltage/current controlled oscillators and securing extremely high frequency stability of such oscillators. The principle of operation of the 'Frequency Locked Loop' (FLL) is described and the methods of development of tracking error-free tuners shown.
Carrier lifetimes in silicon (1997)

Carrier lifetimes in semiconductors are being rediscovered by the Si IC community, because the lifetime is a very effective parameter to characterize the purity of a material or device. It has become a process and equipment characterization parameter. The various recombination mechanisms are discussed and the concept of recombination and generation lifetime is presented. We show that surface recombination/generation plays an important role in today's high purity Si and will become yet more important as bulk impurity densities in Si are reduced further. Furthermore, the dependence of lifetime on impurity energy level and minority carrier injection level is discussed. Concepts are stressed in the paper, with the necessary equations to clarify these concepts. Wherever possible, the concepts are augmented with experimental data, with particular emphasis on the case of iron in silicon, because Fe is one of the most important impurities in Si today. We have used Si in the examples because lifetime measurements are most commonly made in Si.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in the common marmoset reflects the immunopathology of pattern II multiple sclerosis lesions (2006)

Pathomorphological studies described pathological heterogeneity in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Different effector mechanisms might therefore be responsible for lesion formation in MS. The present report shows that myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmoset monkeys reflects one specific lesional subtype of MS, namely MS pattern II lesions with antibody/complement-mediated damage. MOG-induced EAE in marmoset monkeys will, therefore, provide an ideal model for therapeutic approaches directed against B-cell/antibody/complement in MS.
Game Theory Based Trust Model for Cloud Environment (2015)

The aim of this work is to propose a method to establish trust at bootload level in cloud computing environment. This work proposes a game theoretic based approach for achieving trust at bootload level of both resources and users perception. Nash equilibrium (NE) enhances the trust evaluation of the first-time users and providers. It also restricts the service providers and the users to violate service level agreement (SLA). Significantly, the problem of cold start and whitewashing issues are addressed by the proposed method. In addition appropriate mapping of cloud user's application to cloud service provider for segregating trust level is achieved as a part of mapping. Thus, time complexity and space complexity are handled efficiently. Experiments were carried out to compare and contrast the performance of the conventional methods and the proposed method. Several metrics like execution time, accuracy, error identification, and undecidability of the resources were considered.