gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fundamental Study of Platinum Recovery from Spent Auto-Catalyst Using “Dry Aqua Regia” (2018)

In this paper, a novel method for recovering platinum using molten FeCl3-KCl system as “dry aqua regia” is presented. The method consists of the dissolution of platinum by molten FeCl3-KCl system and the recovery of dissolved platinum by the solvent leaching of frozen FeCl3-KCl, using the different solubility between platinum compounds and iron compounds for the solvents. Platinum dissolution was conducted in the molten FeCl3-KCl system at 585-655 K. The maximum dissolution rate of platinum was 0.45 mol･m−2･h−1, which is fast enough compared with the hydrometallurgy process using aqua regia or electrochemical dissolution process in ionic liquid. And dissolved platinum recovered as K2(PtCl6) by the solvent leaching of frozen FeCl3-KCl using water or ethanol. This “dry aqua regia” process have a number of advantages, including low energy consumption, easy operation and low toxicity of chemicals compared with pyrometallurgy process and hydrometallurgy process, as recycling process of platinum.
A Stable, Easily Sintered Proton‐ Conducting Oxide Electrolyte for Moderate‐Temperature Fuel Cells and Electrolyzers (2006)

For proton-conducting oxides to be used in fuel cell and related technologies, sintering to form dense ceramics at low temperatures and avoiding carbonation of BaCeO3-based oxides is required. A new strategy that allows densification at much reduced temperatures (see figure) and provides high total conductivity, with the additional benefit of stabilization against degradation, is reported.
Magnetic response of core-shell cobalt ferrite nanoparticles at low temperature (2009)

Cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (size: 26±4nm) have been synthesized by coprecipitation route. The coercivity of nanoparticles follows a simple model of thermal activation of particle moments over the anisotropy barrier in the temperature range of 30–300K in accordance with Kneller’s law; however, at low temperatures (&lt;30K), the coercivity shows some deviation from this law. The saturation magnetization follows the modified Bloch’s law in the temperature range of 10–300K. Exchange bias (Hex) studies of the samples show that Hex increases with decreasing temperature of the sample. A strong increase in the Hex values is found below 30K for the low applied field (±20kOe), while a smaller increase is found for the high applied field (±90kOe). The slow increase in the exchange bias at high applied field has been attributed to the high field effects on the surface (shell) spins. These shell spins align along the field direction that weakens the core-shell interface interactions leading to the reduction in the exchange bias at lower temperatures.
Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets during cyclosporin administration in patients with psoriasis vulgaris (1997)

Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic, inflammatory skin disorder characterized by infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes and abnormal epidermal proliferation. A genetic predisposition is also involved. Many investigators have focused on defects in T cells as the primary cause of the disease [1-4]. These defects include impaired T cell function and imbalanced T cell subsets. Sauder et al. [1] postulated a faulty T cell regulation [...]
Purified influenza virus vaccine. A study of viral reactivity and antigenicity (1968)

The development of procedures for the use of the K-II continuous flow zonal ultracentrifuge has resulted, for the first time, in the availability of large quantities of highly purified influenza virus vaccine essentially free of nonviral egg-derived material. With these vaccines, it was determined that the inherent toxicity of purified virus strains and combinations thereof is uniformly low, and that the variable side effects frequently seen with conventionally produced vaccines are not virus related. Purified vaccines are equal in antigenicity to equivalent doses of conventional vaccines, demonstrating that nonviral components of conventional vaccine have no beneficial effects on vaccine antigenicity. Purified vaccine of twice normal potency is no more reactogenic than the same vaccine in standard doses, indicating that future vaccines of even higher potency and low reactivity are well within the realm of possibility.
Structural Assignment of Permethylated Oligosaccharide Subunits Using Sequential Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1998)

The sequential tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) capabilities offered by quadrupole ion trap instruments have been explored in a systematic study of permethylated oligosaccharides. Under collision-induced dissociation, protonated molecular species generated in the electrospray ionization mode yield simple and predictable mass spectra. Information on sequence, branching, and, to some extent, interglycosidic linkages can be deduced from fragments resulting from the cleavage of glycosidic bonds. Simple rules for the structural assignment of carbohydrates have been established for the fragmentation of protonated species and subunits thereof and corroborated by 18O-labeling experiments. Moreover, sequential tandem mass spectrometry was demonstrated to allow the straightforward structural characterization of unknown carbohydrate moieties by comparing their CID spectra with those of a set of references. As the collision-induced dissociation patterns are not dependent on the number of prior tandem mass spectrometric steps, structures can be unambiguously assigned by match of the spectra. These findings establish the basis of MSn performed on a quadrupole ion trap instrument for elucidating structures of large carbohydrates, which can be virtually degraded in the mass spectrometer into smaller entities in one or several steps. This powerful technique has been applied, used in conjunction with specific CD3 labeling, to the characterization of series of subunits generated from fucosylated and sialylated oligosaccharides, which are among the most important structures as far as biological activities are concerned.
Variable Rate Variable Power MIMO System for Integrated Voice and Data Services (2006)

We propose an adaptive rate and power allocation algorithm for integrated voice and data services in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system. Given the available power at the MIMO transmitter is limited, the voice service is given the highest priority and appropriate power is allocated to satisfy the bit error rate (BER) requirement for voice transmission. Based on the remaining average power, optimal rate and power adaptations for maximum spectral efficiency under a BER requirement are performed for data transmission. We formulate the optimization problem based on m independent and identical single input single output optimization problems and solve for optimal rate and power adaptations. For voice transmission, a fixed rate transmission scheme and a channel inversion type power control policy are employed. For data transmission, an adaptive rate based on multilevel quadrature amplitude modulation (MQAM) scheme and a water-filling type adaptive power control are employed. Finally we study the performance of the proposed algorithms using analytical and simulation results
Millimeter-wave Schottky diode imaging array development (2002)

Low cost focal plane imaging arrays are being developed for radar and radiometric applications in the millimeter-wave region. Passive radiometric imaging has been demonstrated using mechanically scanned single Schottky diode mixer waveguide systems ranging from 90-200 GHz. The use of 1D imaging arrays will significantly reduce scanning time and cost as current fabrication techniques allow multiple channels to be economically constructed. Twenty channel arrays are currently under development in the laboratory for use at 94 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reference software implementation for GIFTS ground data processing (2006)

Future satellite weather instruments such as high spectral resolution imaging interferometers pose a challenge to the atmospheric science and software development communities due to the immense data volumes they will generate. An open-source, scalable reference software implementation demonstrating the calibration of radiance products from an imaging interferometer, the Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer1 (GIFTS), is presented. This paper covers essential design principles laid out in summary system diagrams, lessons learned during implementation and preliminary test results from the GIFTS Information Processing System (GIPS) prototype.
Engineering access control for distributed enterprise applications (2000)

Access control (AC) is a necessary defense against a large variety of security attacks on the resources of distributed enterprise applications. However, to be effective, AC in some application domains has to be fine-grain, support the use of application-specific factors in authorization decisions, as well as consistently and reliably enforce organization-wide authorization policies across enterprise applications. Because the existing middleware technologies do not provide a complete solution, application developers resort to embedding AC functionality in application systems. This coupling of AC functionality with application logic causes significant problems including tremendously difficult, costly and error prone development, integration, and overall ownership of application software. The way AC for application systems is engineered needs to be changed. In this dissertation, we propose an architectural approach for engineering AC mechanisms to address the above problems. First, we develop a framework for implementing the role-based access control (RBAC) model using AC mechanisms provided by CORBA Security. For those application domains where the granularity of CORBA controls and the expressiveness of RBAC model suffice, our framework addresses the stated problem. In the second and main part of our approach, we propose an architecture for an authorization service, RAD, to address the problem of controlling access to distributed application resources, when the granularity and support for complex policies by middleware AC mechanisms are inadequate. Applying this architecture, we developed a CORBA-based application authorization service (CAAS). Using CAAS, we studied the main properties of the architecture and showed how they can be substantiated by employing CORBA and Java technologies. Our approach enables a wide-ranging solution for controlling the resources of distributed enterprise applications.
Modeling and design of an adaptive virtual reality service (2003)

This paper presents a model for an adaptive virtual reality (VR) service. The service adaptation, as described by the model, is performed by matching the parameters of-and possibly transcoding-the VR service in order to achieve the "best possible quality", given the limitations of the terminal and access network, and taking into account individual user preferences. The matching process is based on two sets of parameters, called "profiles": the VR service profile, which describes the VR service, and the client capabilities and preferences profile, which describes the client. Both profiles use extensible markup language for notation, and are thus in line with the existing W3C standards. The model is independent of the particular VR service and network scenario, and it is suitable for heterogeneous environments such as the Internet and 3G wireless networks. A case study involving two prototype VR services demonstrates the applicability of the proposed approach.
Humane Orientation as a Moral Construct in Ethical Leadership Theories:A Comparative Analysis of Transformational, Servant, and Authentic Leadership in the United States, Mexico, and China (2017)

The present paper presents the GLOBE leadership behaviour of humane orientation as a moral construct within the ethical leadership theories of transformational leadership, servant leadership, and authentic leadership. A discussion of the country cultures of the United States, China, and Mexico and an articulation of how each of these theories is received and practiced in response to the leadership behaviour of humane orientation support the use of these theories in all three countries’ cultures. In particular, the use of these theories may be advantageous in increasing the use of humane-oriented behaviours in these country cultures, which supports an expressed humane orientation value in the United States, China, and Mexico.
Preserving privacy in a network of mobile computers (2002)

Even as wireless networks create the potential for access to information from mobile platforms, they pose a problem for privacy. In order to retrieve messages, users must periodically poll the network. The information that the user must give to the network could potentially be used to track that user. However, the movements of the user can also be used to hide the user's location if the protocols for sending and retrieving messages are carefully designed. We have developed a replicated memory service which allows users to read from memory without revealing which memory locations they are reading. Unlike previous protocols, our protocol is efficient in its use of computation and bandwidth. We show how this protocol can be used in conjunction with existing privacy preserving protocols to allow a user of a mobile computer to maintain privacy despite active attacks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
348. The preparation of benziminazoles and benzoxazoles from Schiff's bases. Part II (1950)

F. F. Stephens and J. D. Bower, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 1722 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500001722
Profiling the Membrane Proteome of <i>Shewanella </i><i>oneidensis</i> MR-1 with New Affinity Labeling Probes (2006)

The membrane proteome plays a critical role in electron transport processes in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, a bacterial organism that has great potential for bioremediation. Biotinylation of intact cells with subsequent affinity-enrichment has become a useful tool for characterization of the membrane proteome. As opposed to these commonly used, water-soluble commercial reagents, we here introduce a family of hydrophobic, cell-permeable affinity probes for extensive labeling and detection of membrane proteins. When applied to S. oneidensis cells, all three new chemical probes allowed identification of a substantial proportion of membrane proteins from total cell lysate without the use of specific membrane isolation method. From a total of 410 unique proteins identified, approximately 42% are cell envelope proteins that include outer membrane, periplasmic, and inner membrane proteins. This report demonstrates the first application of this intact cell biotinylation method to S. oneidensis and presents the results of many identified proteins that are involved in metal reduction processes. As a general labeling method, all chemical probes we introduced in this study can be extended to other organisms or cell types and will help expedite the characterization of membrane proteomes.
Germanium liquid crystals (2009)

Liquid-crystalline compounds containing germanium atoms were synthesised and assessed for liquid-crystalline properties. These new compounds generally possess smectic C phases, and many also possess nematic, smectic A and higher order smectic phases. The germanium-containing liquid crystals were incorporated into smectic C mixtures. These mixtures tend to exhibit little change in smectic C* layer thickness over temperature. This characteristic is associated with de Vries smectic A materials, but measurements show that, although they have high smectic C stability, the materials' smectic cone angles are small. Measurement of smectic cone angle versus temperature of an exemplar material and its analogues containing carbon and silicon in place of the germanium, all show small cone angles which fall smoothly and extrapolate to zero as the smectic C* to smectic A transition is approached. These measurements largely explain the observed small layer changes and establish that the materials are not first-order de Vries materials. They must be located elsewhere along the de Vries-orthogonal continuum of smectic A phases.
Effect of Enteral IGF‐1 Supplementation on Feeding Tolerance, Growth, and Gut Permeability in Enterally Fed Premature Neonates (2008)

Although gut permeability showed a faster decrease in the IGF-1 supplement group, our data do not support IGF-1 supplementation to infant formula.
NHC‐CAAC Heterodimers with Three Stable Oxidation States (2016)

The synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene (CAAC) heterodimers is presented. As the free carbenes do not react together in solution, the synthetic approach involves the addition of a free NHC to a cyclic iminium salt, which results in the formation of the protonated heterodimer. Subsequent deprotonation leads to the isolation of the corresponding mixed Wanzlick dimers. One- and two-electron oxidations of these triazaolefins result in the formation of stable cationic radicals and bis(cations), respectively, which have been isolated and fully characterized. Cyclic voltammetry, UV/Vis spectroscopy, spin density, and DFT calculations suggest that these heterodimers feature complementary electronic properties to tetrathiafulvalenes (TTFs).
Intratumoral injection of IL‐2‐activated NK cells enhances the antitumor effect of intradermally injected paraformaldehyde‐fixed tumor vaccine in a rat intracranial brain tumor model (2004)

Combined therapy with a fixed-tumor cell vaccine and intratumoral injection of NK cells induced strong tumor regression of rat glioma. Rat 9L glioma cells were inoculated into syngeneic male rats at the flank (subcutaneous tumor model) or at the basal ganglia of the right hemisphere (intracranial tumor model). Rats were intradermally injected three times with vaccine comprising fixed 9L cells, IL-2- and GMCSF-microparticles, and tuberculin prior to (protective studies) or after (therapeutic studies) challenge with live 9L cells. In the protective studies, the vaccine alone achieved significant tumor growth inhibition and elongation of mean life span in both the subcutaneous and intracranial tumor models. No therapeutic effect was observed in the intracranial tumor model with the vaccine alone. However, intratumoral injection of rat NK cells strongly assisted the therapeutic effect of the vaccine in the brain tumor model and resulted in a statistically significant elongation of life span. We propose that intratumoral injection of NK cells may not only kill brain tumor cells directly, but also trigger a strong immune response in the focal lesion of the brain after vaccination.
Regulation of Arabidopsis Flower Development (1993)

Jack K. Okamuro, Bart G. W. den Boer, K. Diane Jofuku, Regulation of Arabidopsis Flower Development, The Plant Cell, Vol. 5, No. 10, Special Review Issue on Plant Reproduction (Oct., 1993), pp. 1183-1193
The Environment of <i>Callicista ines</i>, Edwards (Dyar), in Southern California (1909)

This article has no abstract.
Facile Dimerization and Circular Dichroism Characteristics of 6-<i>O</i>-(2-Sulfonato-6-naphthyl)-β-cyclodextrin (2002)

A monofunctional derivative of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) containing a 2-sulfonato-6-naphthyl group at the primary face (1: β-CD-NS) was prepared. The concentration dependences of fluorescence, circular dichroism (c.d.), and NMR spectra of 1 have been investigated and compared with the spectral changes associated with complexation of 6-methoxy-2-naphthalenesulfonate (MNSS) with β-CD. When the concentration of 1 was increased, the following were observed: the enhancement of the concentration-normalized fluorescence intensity; an increase in molar ellipticities of the negative band around 280 nm; a more pronounced exciton coupling band around 230 nm in c.d. spectra; and an upfield shift of NMR signals from aromatic protons. The concentration dependent fluorescent intensity and molar ellipticity data fitted well to the monomer−dimer equilibrium of 1 with the dimerization constant of 9700 ± 2500 M-1. The dimerization constant is much larger than the association constants of MNSS with β-CD (510 ± 40 M-1) and 1 with β-CD (430 ± 50 M-1). The naphthyl groups in the dimer do not show an excimer band in fluorescence spectra but exhibit exciton coupling bands around 230 and 330 nm. These indicate that 1 forms a head-to-head type dimer, which is stabilized by mutual inclusion of the 2-sulfonato-6-naphthyl moieties deeply into β-CD cavities of counter molecules. The naphthyl moiety of the monomer of 1 is in a similar environment to that in a 1/n-octyl sulfate complex and appears to cap the primary face of β-CD loosely. Compared to the c.d. spectrum of the MNSS/β-CD complex, the spectrum of the 1/β-CD complex is similar in shape, but the rotational strengths of the c.d. bands are much greater.
Crop yield estimation using satellite images: comparison of linear and non-linear models (2018)

Development of models for crop yield prediction using remote sensing allows accurate, reliable and timely estimations over large areas. articularly, this information is necessary to ensure the adequacy of a nation’s food supply as well as to aid policy makers and farmers. In Argentina, soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) are the most important crops. The goal of this research was to develop and evaluate linear and non-linear models to estimate crop yield from satellite data. Particularly, we proposed and applied those models to obtain soybean and corn yield in the central region of Córdoba (Argentina) using Landsat and SPOT images. The models were designed taking into account all or some bands included in the images from one or both satellites. Results showed that models provided a good fit when all images are used, being superior the accuracy obtained by neural networks (NN). For soybean, the best estimation presented a coefficient of determination equal to 0.90 with NN and 0.82 with multiple linear regression models, and for corn 0.92 and 0.88, respectively. This study concludes that Landsat and SPOT images can be effectively used to predict, in early to mid-season crop growth stages, corn and soybean yield.
A constitutive model for soft clayey rocks that includes weathering effects (2007)

Microstructural and mineralogical observations of clay-stones reveal the presence of clay aggregates bonded by a skeleton of inert minerals such as calcium carbonate. The behaviour of these natural materials evolves from a rock-like behaviour, when undisturbed, to clay-like soil when weathered or when subjected to straining. A model has been developed to simulate the constitutive behaviour of these transitional materials. Following the proposal made by Vaunat & Gens, the material is conceived as a composite medium made of a clay matrix and a quasi-brittle bonding microstructure. The basic model has been modified and extended to reproduce the expansive behaviour of the clay matrix, a fundamental aspect to simulate weathering effects, induced largely by drying–wetting cycles. The clay matrix reacts to stress and suction changes, whereas the bond component is not affected by suction changes. An elasto-plastic double-structure model for expansive clay soils describes the clay matrix. The bonding structure follows a damage model. The interaction between the two constitutive models derives from strain compatibility conditions and energy considerations. The model performance is first illustrated by means of a sensitive analysis that explores the effect of initial bond strength, bond damage rate, bonding concentration, and wetting–drying cycles. Simple stress paths (uniaxial deformation; triaxial compression) are used to highlight the features of the formulation and the role of significant parameters. Some published tests are also reproduced with the model. They have been selected to show some relevant features of evolving soft clay rocks: stiffness and strength degradation during loading and enhanced rebound during unloading, and the effect of drying–wetting cycles on subsequent stiffness and strength degradation.