gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and Alkali-Metal Ion Extraction/Insertion Reactions with Nanofibrous Manganese Oxide Having 2 × 4 Tunnel Structure (2003)

Sodium manganese oxide with a 2 × 4 tunnel structure (Na-2 × 4) was hydrothermally synthesized from Na−birnessite material in NaOH solutions at relatively low temperatures. The Na+ extraction and alkali-metal ion insertion reactions were investigated by chemical and X-ray analyses, SEM observation, FT-IR spectroscopy, TG-DTA analyses, pH titration, and Kd measurements. A considerable amount (81%) of Na+ ions in the 2 × 4 tunnel sites were topotatically extracted by acid treatment, accompanied by a slight change of the lattice parameters. Alkali-metal ions could be inserted into the 2 × 4 tunnel sites of the acid-treated sample (Na-2 × 4 (H)), mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The pH titration study showed that Na-2 × 4 (H) had simple monobasic acid behavior toward alkali-metal ions with a relatively low exchange capacity below pH 10; the exchange capacity increased in the order Cs+ < Li+ < Na+ < K+ ≅ Rb+ at pH 6. The distribution coefficient (Kd) study on Na-2 × 4 (H) showed the selectivity sequence of Cs+ < Li+ < K+ < Rb+ around pH 4. These results suggest that manganese oxide with a 2 × 4 tunnel structure has a weak ion-sieve property for the adsorption of ions with an effective ionic radius around 1.7 Å.
Measurement of microwave signals intrapulse parameters by means of IFM methods (2008)

Intrapulse parameters of the microwave signal contain information about source of this signal or about device, which this signal passed through. This information can be obtained with the using so called instantaneous frequency measurement IFM methods. These methods are very fast and utilize microwave phase discriminators MPD and microwave frequency discriminators MFD. The abilities to use MFD for measurement of intrapulse parameters of: simple microwave signal, signal with LFM, signal with PSK, signal with FSK, were described in the paper. There has been presented theoretical descriptions and results of experiments.
An improved method for the synthesis of substituted cyclobutenediones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn improved method for the synthesis of substituted cyclobutenedionesLanny S. Liebeskind, Richard W. Fengl, Kevin R. Wirtz, and Thomas T. ShaweCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2482–2488Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1587Altmetric-Citations109LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrostatic Selectivity in Protein–Nanoparticle Interactions (2011)

The binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and β-lactoglobulin (BLG) to TTMA (a cationic gold nanoparticle coupled to 3,6,9,12-tetraoxatricosan-1-aminium, 23-mercapto-N,N,N-trimethyl) was studied by high-resolution turbidimetry (to observe a critical pH for binding), dynamic light scattering (to monitor particle growth), and isothermal titration calorimetry (to measure binding energetics), all as a function of pH and ionic strength. Distinctively higher affinities observed for BLG versus BSA, despite the lower pI of the latter, were explained in terms of their different charge anisotropies, namely, the negative charge patch of BLG. To confirm this effect, we studied two isoforms of BLG that differ in only two amino acids. Significantly stronger binding to BLGA could be attributed to the presence of the additional aspartates in the negative charge domain for the BLG dimer, best portrayed in DelPhi. This selectivity decreases at low ionic strength, at which both isoforms bind well below pI. Selectivity increases with ionic strength for BLG versus BSA, which binds above pI. This result points to the diminished role of long-range repulsions for binding above pI. Dynamic light scattering reveals a tendency for higher-order aggregation for TTMA-BSA at pH above the pI of BSA, due to its ability to bridge nanoparticles. In contrast, soluble BLG-TTMA complexes were stable over a range of pH because the charge anisotropy of this protein at makes it unable to bridge nanoparticles. Finally, isothermal titration calorimetry shows endoenthalpic binding for all proteins: the higher affinity of TTMA for BLGA versus BLGB comes from a difference in the dominant entropy term.
A VISIBILITY-BASED PURSUIT-EVASION PROBLEM (1999)

This paper addresses the problem of planning the motion of one or more pursuers in a polygonal environment to eventually "see" an evader that is unpredictable, has unknown initial position, and is capable of moving arbitrarily fast. This problem was first introduced by Suzuki and Yamashita. Our study of this problem is motivated in part by robotics applications, such as surveillance with a mobile robot equipped with a camera that must find a moving target in a cluttered workspace. A few bounds are introduced, and a complete algorithm is presented for computing a successful motion strategy for a single pursuer. For simply-connected free spaces, it is shown that the minimum number of pursuers required is Θ( lg n). For multiply-connected free spaces, the bound is [Formula: see text] pursuers for a polygon that has n edges and h holes. A set of problems that are solvable by a single pursuer and require a linear number of recontaminations is shown. The complete algorithm searches a finite graph that is constructed on the basis of critical information changes. It has been implemented and computed examples are shown.
Generation of tunable radiation using an underdense ionization front (1991)

It is shown that when a light pulse is incident upon an underdense relativistic ionization front, the light pulse can be simultaneously upshifted in frequency and compressed in duration. The reflection and transmission coefficients are examined. Examples for both overdense and underdense fronts are given to show that a relativistic ionization front can generate tunable radiation from millimeter to ultraviolet wavelengths.
A Versatile 90-nm CMOS Charge-Pump PLL for SerDes Transmitter Clocking (2006)

This paper presents a low-jitter charge-pump phase-locked loop (PLL) built in standard 90-nm CMOS for 1 to 10 Gb/s wireline SerDes transmitter clocking. The PLL employs a programmable dual-path loop filter with integral path and resistorless sample-reset proportional path that are independently controlled for flexible setting of closed-loop bandwidth and peaking. Frequency is synthesized by a digitally calibrated LC-VCO achieving 45% calibration tuning range with inversion-mode nMOS varactors and area-efficient helical inductors. Following calibration, 4.8% hold range compensates for VCO sensitivity to supply voltage and temperature drift. The PLL exhibits 0.81 ps rms jitter at 10 Gb/s. Critical for ASICs integrating noisy digital cores and multiple SerDes channels, design considerations to minimize jitter induced by supply noise are described. Deep-submicron CMOS effects on design are also examined to improve manufacturability and performance.
Staining Rickettsiae in Yolk-Sac Cultures (1964)

Rickettsiae in yolk sacs are not stained well by the Macchiavello technique, and experiments were undertaken to understand the mechanisms involved. It was found that the citric acid destaining step was not effective and that most of the basic fuchsin was lost from the rickettsiae during the application of methylene blue, another basic dye. A staining technique was then evolved with carbol basic fuchsin in pH 7.45 phosphate buffer (0.4% dye, 0.4% phenol, 0.07 M buffer), followed directly by 0.8% aqueous malachite green oxalate. This technique worked well for R. mooseri, R. prowazeki, R. rickettsii, R. akari, and R. buretii, but for R. tsutsugumushi a modification was needed, whereby 4% aqueous Fe(NO3)3·9H2O was used as destaining solution, and 0.5% aqueous fast green as the counter-stain.
Glutathione S-Transferase A (1974)

Glutathione transferase A has been purified from rat liver. The enzyme catalyzes the conjugation of glutathione with compounds bearing an electrophilic site, especially those in which the electrophilic site is on, or α to, an aromatic ring. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 45,000 and is composed of two similar subunits. Initial velocity, product inhibition, and binding studies indicate a biphasic kinetic mechanism in which the reaction pathway depends on the concentration of the substrates. At high concentrations of GSH, an ordered sequential pathway predominates in which GSH binds first. At low concentrations of GSH, a ping-pong pathway predominates in which the electrophilic substrate adds first. In accordance with a prediction of the general rate equation for the over-all mechanism, the breakpoint in the biphasic double reciprocal plot for GSH saturation was found to shift to lower GSH concentrations as the concentration of the electrophilic substrate was lowered. A numerical rate equation was developed which describes initial velocities over the entire range of substrate concentrations. An appendix presents a method for distinguishing among several formal kinetic mechanisms which yield nonlinear double reciprocal initial velocity plots as a result of multiple reaction pathways.
Inhibitory effect of L-methionine-deprived amino acid imbalance using total parenteral nutrition on growth of ascites hepatoma in rats. (1987)

The antitumor effect of an amino acid imbalance characterized by the absence of L-methionine was investigated in AH-109A ascites hepatoma-bearing rats with the technique of total parenteral nutrition (TPN). A central venous catheter was placed at the superior vena cava of the rat and hypertonic glucose solution plus an amino acid mixture, an ordinary amino acid compound but lacking L-methionine and L-cysteine, was administered as protein source for seven days. Increases in the volume of ascites and the number of tumor cells were significantly inhibited in the rats receiving glucose plus L-methionine-free amino acid mixture compared to the control rats given glucose only, glucose plus ordinary amino acid mixture and laboratory rations. Unfavorable side effects of TPN with amino acid compound lacking L-methionine and L-cysteine were loss of body weight and development of hypoproteinemia. No evidence of hepatic injury and bone marrow suppression due to this treatment were obtained from the results of biochemical and hematological studies. In liver cells and ascites tumor cells, morphologically, prominent enlargement of the nucleoli was observed in the rats treated with the amino acid mixture lacking of L-methionine and L-cysteine.
Is The Federal Circuit Ready To Accept Plenary Authority for Patent Appeals?, 4 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 583 (2005) (2005)

Congress formed the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit in 1982 in part to improve uniformity in the interpretation of patent law and to eliminate forum shopping. However, in 2002, the Federal Circuit’s ability to achieve that goal was reduced when the U.S. Supreme Court, in Holmes Group v. Vornado, held that the Federal Circuit would not have jurisdiction in cases where a federal patent law issue arises only in a responsive pleading. Many commentators have argued that the Holmes decision runs afoul of the congressional mandate in forming the Federal Circuit. With the hope of addressing this issue, the House Subcommittee on the Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property conducted hearings to determine whether Congress should override the Supreme Court’s Holmes decision and hence grant to the Federal Circuit plenary authority to hear such patent appeals. This paper analyzes some of the recent criticism of the court, argues that the Federal Circuit is achieving its goals, and therefore supports granting plenary patent appeal authority to the Federal Circuit.
Speichereffekte in cholesterinischen Flüssigkeiten mit positiver DK‐Anisotropie (1974)

Abstract Für matrixadressierte, im Zeitmultiplexverfahren betriebene Flüssigkristall‐Anzeigen ist das Vorhandensein einer optischen Speicherung unabdingbar. Die in cholesterinischen Substanzen ausnutzbaren und bekannten Speichereffekte werden kurz beschrieben und einem neuen Effekt (Bistabilitätseffekt), der auf reiner Feldwirkung beruht und relativ kurze Einschreibzeiten aufweist, gegenübergestellt. Dieser neue Bistabilitätseffekt beruht auf den Hystereseeigenschaften des Texturübergangs cholesterinisch‐nematisch bei homöotroper Wandorientierung: In einem bestimmten Feldstärkebereich liegt in Abhängigkeit von der Vorgeschichte entweder die fokal‐konische oder die nematische Textur vor. Elektrooptische Kenndaten des Bistabilitätseffekts werden für ein spezielles Substanzgemisch gegeben.
Phase correlation method for subpixel in-plane vibration measurements of MEMS by stroboscopic microscopy (2005)

Accurate estimation of displacement between successive images is a significant topic in the measurement of in-plane vibrations of microscopic objects such as micro-actuators. Actual subpixel motion estimation algorithms require the interpolation of interpixel values which undesirably increases the overall complexity and data flow and deteriorates estimation accuracy. Methods that do not use interpolation for achieving subpixel accuracy are scarcer in the literature. One approach for subpixel movement estimation without interpolation is based on phase correlation algorithm. This algorithm estimates the relative shift between two image blocks by means of a normalized cross-correlation function computed in the 2-D spatial Fourier domain. Indeed, the method is based on the Fourier shift theorem. The cross power spectrum of two images, containing subpixel shifts, is a polyphase decomposition of a Dirac delta function. By estimating the sum of polyphase components one can then determine subpixel shifts along each axis. Phase correlation is the state of the art for interpolation-free subpixel shift measurement between two frames, but this method is strictly limited to subpixel shifts. So, we have implemented this method using a standard optical microscope in order to observe subpixel translations with high spatial resolution measurements (down to 1 nm in the best cases). In this paper, we propose an application of this method to characterize the vibration mode shapes of a small silicon beam used in near-field acoustic microscopy. Harmonic movements of a few tens of nanometers are measured and presented.
Extensions of the Vitamin K<sub>1</sub> Synthesis (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtensions of the Vitamin K1 SynthesisLouis F. Fieser, Max Tishler, and Norman L. WendlerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 10, 2861–2866Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01867a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01867a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Operating Theatre Scheduling Using Lagrangian Relaxation (2006)

This paper addresses the surgery operation scheduling problem. Two types of resources are considered, operating rooms and recovery beds. Each patient first visits an operating room for surgery operation and is transferred to a recovery room immediately after the surgery operation. The operating room needs to be cleaned after the surgery operation before starting another operation. The problem consists in assigning patients to operating rooms and recovery beds in order to minimize the sum over all patients of one defined function of their completion times. According to this, the problem is NP hard problem. A Lagrangian relaxation approach is proposed in this paper to determine a near optimal schedule and a tight lower bound. Numerical results are presented to show the efficiency of the method
Infant head growth in male siblings of children with and without autism spectrum disorders (2009)

PURPOSE: Previous research has indicated that children with autism exhibit accelerated head growth (HG) in infancy, although the timing of acceleration varies between studies. We examined infant HG trajectory as a candidate autism endophenotype by studying sibling pairs. METHODS: We retrospectively obtained serial head orbitofrontal circumference measurements of: a) 48 sibling pairs in which one (n=28) or both (n=20) sibs were affected by an autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and b) 85 control male sibling pairs. RESULTS: Rate of HG of ASD subjects was slightly accelerated compared to controls, but the magnitude of difference was below the limit of reliability of standard measurement methods. Sibling intra class correlation for rate of HG was highly statistically significant; the magnitude was significantly stronger among autism-affected families (ICC=.63) than among controls (ICC=.26), p<.01. CONCLUSION: Infant HG trajectory appears familial-possibly endophenotypic-but was not a reliable marker of autism risk among siblings of ASD probands in this sample.
Pericardial Effusion and Pericardial Compartments after Open Heart Surgery (1990)

Thirty-three patients with pericardial effusion after open heart surgery were investigated with computed tomography (CT). Twelve of the 33 patients also underwent echocardiography prior to pericardiocentesis. The effusions were typed according to the results of the CT investigation. Because of postoperative adhesions, typical patterns of localized pericardial effusions were found in 16 patients. The localized compartments were seen on the right and left side of the heart and around the aorta and the pulmonary artery. CT was therefore shown to be of value for selecting the approach for drainage with catheter pericardiocentesis.
Screening Effect and Impurity Scattering in Monolayer Graphene (2006)

The static polarization function is calculated in two-dimensional graphite and used for the calculation of the conductivity limited by charged-impurity scattering. The conductivity increases in proportion to the electron concentration and the mobility remains independent of the Fermi energy, in qualitative agreement with experiments. The screening increases in proportion to temperature at sufficiently high temperatures in contrast to the behavior in conventional two-dimensional systems, leading to the mobility increase proportional to the square of temperature.
Erysipelbehandlung mit Oder ohne Sulfanilamid? (1939)

Zusammenfassung. Von 100 Fällen, welche in den Jahren 1936–1939 im Epidemie‐krankenhause, Stockholm, aufgenommen worden waren, wurde jeder zweite Fall mit , die übrigen ohne Sulfanilamid behandelt. Die mit Sulfanilamid behandelten Fälle wurden rascher fieber‐frei und scheinen eine niedrigere Komplikationsfrequenz als die Kontrollfälle zu haben. Die Temperatur sank nicht nur schneller, sondern auch in der Beobachtungszeit vollständiger. Eine grössere Streuung der Temperaturen der späteren Behandlungstagen innerhalb der nicht mit Sulfanilamid behandelten Gruppen zeigt, dass der temperatursteigernde Prozess da oft länger bestehenblieb. Jeder zweite der mit Sulfanilamid behandelten Fälle erhielt Prontosil rubrum, die übrigen M. & B. 125 (Proseptasine). Eine statistisch sichere Differenz zwischen der mittleren 24‐Stunden‐temperatur dieser beiden Gruppen liess sich nur für 2 Behandlungs‐tage feststellen. Die Temperaturkurve lag jedoch bei den Pronto‐silfällen durchweg niedriger. Von den Kontrollfälien wurde jeder zweite mit Bogenlampen‐bestrahlung behandelt, eine therapeutische Methode, welche indessen keine Vorteile in irgendeiner Beziehung, welche hier untersucht werden konnte, gebracht zu haben scheint.
CORRECTING FOR KURTOSIS IN DENSITY ESTIMATION (1992)

Summary Using a global window width kernel estimator to estimate an approximately symmetric probability density with high kurtosis usually leads to poor estimation because good estimation of the peak of the distribution leads to unsatisfactory estimation of the tails and vice versa. The technique proposed corrects for kurtosis via a transformation of the data before using a global window width kernel estimator. The transformation depends on a “generalised smoothing parameter” consisting of two real‐valued parameters and a window width parameter which can be selected either by a simple graphical method or, for a completely data‐driven implementation, by minimising an estimate of mean integrated squared error. Examples of real and simulated data demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, which appears suitable for a wide range of symmetric, unimodal densities. Its performance is similar to ordinary kernel estimation in situations where the latter is effective, e.g. Gaussian densities. For densities like the Cauchy where ordinary kernel estimation is not satisfactory, our methodology offers a substantial improvement.
Elektrophorese im trägerfreien Pufferstrom, III. Eine einfache apparative Anordnung für die optische Auswertung zahlreicher, gleichzeitig anfallender Proben (1971)

Article Elektrophorese im trägerfreien Pufferstrom, III. Eine einfache apparative Anordnung für die optische Auswertung zahlreicher, gleichzeitig anfallender Proben was published on January 1, 1971 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 352, issue 1).
THE PRODUCTION OF SILICON-IRON MAGNETIC STRIP WITH THE (110) [001] TEXTURE, BY COLD ROLLING FROM SINTERED COMPACTS (1959)

It is shown that secondary recrystallization and development of the (110) [001] texture in 3¼% silicon-iron strip can be obtained by control of the oxygen content of the hydrogen sintering atmosphere. The conditions required are described.The sintered compact is then cold rolled according to a schedule used for rolling grain-oriented silicon-iron from a cast ingot.It is found that the temperature of secondary recrystallization is higher than that for conventionally made strip.It is suggested that a critical amount of silicon is oxidized to silica during sintering and that this silica acts as a dispersed phase in the inhibition-dependent mechanism known to be responsible for secondary recrystallization.In an appendix, an account is given of a short X-ray method for checking the texture of the silicon-iron strip.