gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invasion of an artificial blood vessel wall by human fibrosarcoma cells. (1981)

Artificial blood vessel walls constructed by the addition of bovine arterial endothelial cells to multilayers of rat smooth muscle cells were used as substrates for the human fibrosarcoma cell line HT1080. The extracellular matrix proteins elaborated by the smooth muscle cells were prelabeled with [3H]-proline; therefore, their subsequent digestion could be followed by the appearance of radioactivity in the culture medium. The fibrosarcoma cells rapidly hydrolyzed smooth muscle multilayers in the absence of endothelial cells, but an endothelial layer markedly retarded the destructive ability of the tumor cells. The protective effect of the endothelium was not due to a lack of penetration of this cell layer, since HT1080 cells were observed by light and electron microscopy to be in the subendothelial area 24 hr after plating. Subsequently, the tumor cells multiplied in the region between the endothelial and smooth muscle layers and, although their degradative ability was retarded, they were ultimately capable of destroying the structure. Endothelial cells also inhibited hydrolysis of the smooth muscle layers if added simultaneously or up to 1 week after HT1080 cells, but the degree of inhibition was not as great as that seen with a preestablished endothelial layer. Measurable inhibition of tumor cell degradative activity was observed at fibrosarcoma:endothelial cell ratios of 25:1, demonstrating the potency of endothelial cells in modulating this aspect of the invasive phenotype. Although the HT1080 cells only slowly degraded the preexisting matrix proteins in artificial vessel wall cultures, they interfered with the production of new connective tissue proteins which occurred in control cultures. These experiments therefore suggest that endothelial cells have profound effects on tumor cell proteolytic activity, and the significance of these observations to tumor cell extravasation in vivo is discussed.
Bayesian tensor analysis (2008)

Vector data are normally used for probabilistic graphical models with Bayesian inference. However, tensor data, i.e., multidimensional arrays, are actually natural representations of a large amount of real data, in data mining, computer vision, and many other applications. Aiming at breaking the huge gap between vectors and tensors in conventional statistical tasks, e.g., automatic model selection, this paper proposes a decoupled probabilistic algorithm, named Bayesian tensor analysis (BTA). BTA automatically selects a suitable model for tensor data, as demonstrated by empirical studies.
Modeling Implicit Quadrics and Free-form Surfaces With Trimmed (1990)

Designers require familiar, well-behaved surfaces for solid modeling tasks. Implementers desire modeling primitives that can be specified compactly, computed efficiently, and rendered quickly. Implicit surface representations are cumbersome in these contexts. We present a method for constructing a rational quadratic Bezier patch that interpolates a portion of a quadric surface, and clarify the geometric and parametric degrees of freedom inherent in any such construction. The surface to be interpolated is specified implicitly, along with a (possibly empty) set of halfspaces in R cubed whose intersection bounds the desired region of the surface. We demonstrate a novel equivalence between familiar stereographic maps in two dimensions to an important subset of Bezier surfaces--namely, those that interpolate quadrics. This equivalence can be exploited to produce trivially invertible parametric curves and surfaces, with no loss of representational power. We describe a new method of altering control weights that, given a triangular or quadrilateral subpatch of a quadric, produces the entire quadric. These techniques are demonstrated for a collection of common modeling situations, and frequently occurring surfaces fragments, such as hyperbolic and toroidal fillets, cylindrical joins, and rounded corners. We argue that current heterogeneous representations of implicit quadrics can be replaces with a single trimmed surface representation based on the stereographic map correspondence. Finally, we discuss the prospects for integration of these new representational techniques into existing modeling environments.
Flexible and User-Centric Camera Calibration using Planar Fiducial Markers (2013)

The benefit of accurate camera calibration for recovering 3D structure from images is a well-studied topic. Recently 3D vision tools for end-user applications have become popular among large audiences, mostly unskilled in computer vision. This motivates the need for a flexible and user-centric camera calibration method which drastically releases the critical requirements on the calibration target and ensures that low-quality or faulty images provided by end users do not degrade the overall calibration and in effect the resulting 3D model. In this paper we present and advocate an approach to camera calibration using fiducial markers, aiming at the accuracy of target calibration techniques without the requirement for a precise calibration pattern, to ease the calibration effort for the end-user. An extensive set of experiments with real images is presented which demonstrates improvements in the estimation of the parameters of the camera model as well as accuracy in the multi-view stereo reconstruction of large scale scenes. Pixel reprojection errors and ground truth errors obtained by our method are significantly lower compared to popular calibration routines, even though paper-printable and easy-to-use targets are employed.
In-situ studies of electromigration voiding in passivated copper interconnects (1999)

Extensive research has focused on understanding the complex electromigration behavior of aluminum-based interconnects. With the trend toward smaller device geometries continuing, copper is becoming more widely used due to its lower resistivity and improved electromigration resistance. This necessitates a better understanding of electromigration void dynamics in copper interconnects. In-situ studies of electromigration in a high-voltage SEM (120 keV) enable observation of void behavior through the passivation layer. Experiments show that electromigration voids in aluminum-based interconnects nucleate at the sidewalls of the lines and appear to extend through the thickness of the lines. The voids move along the sidewalls and change shape, eventually growing across the line to cause failure. The dominant diffusion mechanisms are likely to be grain boundary diffusion for nucleation and growth and surface diffusion along the internal surface of the void for void motion. Electromigration voids in copper lines, however, behave very differently. Voids often span the width of the line early in an electromigration test, but did do not extend through the thickness of the line, appearing instead as thinned regions on the surface. Interface diffusion seems to be the dominant mechanism as voids move along the line. Failure occurs only after a void grows through the thickness of the line. This study will examine the electromigration behavior of copper damascene interconnects, comparing the void behavior to that in aluminum interconnects. Qualitative observations will focus on the void shape and morphology.
An electrochemical switch for starting and stopping the energy-releasing conversion of quadricyclanes to norbornadienes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn electrochemical switch for starting and stopping the energy-releasing conversion of quadricyclanes to norbornadienesPaul G. Gassman and James W. HershbergerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1337–1339Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00383a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal scheduling of virtual power plant with battery degradation cost (2015)

This study proposes a novel optimal generation scheduling model for virtual power plant (VPP) considering the degradation cost of energy storage system (ESS). The VPP is generally formed by a mix of distributed energy resources, and the ESS is an important installation for flexible VPP dispatch due to its controllable and schedulable behaviours. For the operations of battery storage systems, the ambient temperature and depth of discharge have significant impacts on the wear and tear of the ESS as well as battery degradation cost. Furthermore, the battery degradation cost is modelled and approximated by a piecewise linear function, and then incorporated into the proposed optimal VPP scheduling model. Consequently, the optimal VPP scheduling problem is formulated as a two‐stage stochastic mixed‐integer linear programming in order to maximise the expected profits of the VPP. The proposed model has been successfully implemented and tested through a representative case study, and the influence of battery degradation cost on optimal VPP scheduling has also been thoroughly analysed and demonstrated.
The Fibrous Tissue Interface Surrounding Well-Fixed, Revised, Cementless Acetabular Components for Hip Replacement (1997)

Ten well-fixed, cementless, metal-backed acetabular components were revised due to recurrent hip dislocation, polyethylene wear or during femoral revision due to aseptic loosening. Eight cups were modular and two cups were nonmodular. Seven of the eight modular cups were fixed with one or more screws; the two nonmodular cups had two pegs but no screws for fixation. The cups were revised after a period of 3.5–72 months. The fibrous tissue surrounding the implant was harvested, and frozen sections were processed using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The tissue formed a thin, gritty, incomplete fibrous layer that was tightly adherent to the surface of the metal-backed components. Scattered macrophages and lymphocytes were present within the fibrous stroma in all tissues. Gross, black metallic staining of 3 tissues was associated with increased cellularity. Generally, macrophages expressed mRNA for EL-1, IL-6, PDGFa, and TNFa, and fibroblasts were TGFb positive; these factors are known to modulate the remodeling of bone. No relationship was found between the cellular and cytokine profiles and modularity, the type of metal backing, the presence of screws or the time in situ. The fibrous tissue surrounding well-fixed, cementless, metal-backed acetabular cups undergoing revision surgery contained many of the cellular elements and cytokines associated with loosening and osteolysis.
First CMOS Silicon Avalanche Photodetectors With Over 10-GHz Bandwidth (2015)

This letter reports on the first silicon avalanche photodetectors (APDs) with over 10-GHz bandwidth. Three types of APDs based on P <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /N-well junction are realized in standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. For bandwidth improvement, the CMOS-compatible APDs (CMOS-APDs) are designed to be smaller active area, and a spatially-modulated avalanche photodetector (SM-APD) is also proposed in order to further reduce the bandwidth limiting factor of the CMOS-APDs. Current-voltage characteristics, responsivities, and photodetection frequency responses of the three APDs are measured and compared, and the photodetection bandwidth characteristics are analyzed with an equivalent circuit model to identify the origin of the bandwidth improvement. The proposed small-area CMOS-APD provides 10-GHz bandwidth with high responsivity, and the SM-APD achieves 12-GHz bandwidth, which is the largest bandwidth ever reported for silicon photodetectors in standard CMOS technology.
Reaction Rate and Fluid Loss: The Keys to Wormhole Initiation and Propagation in Carbonate Acidizing (1997)

Abstract The efficiency of the matrix acidizing process in carbonates depends strongly on the wormholing phenomenon—if wormholes are formed, the effects of near wellbore damage can be overcome with relatively small volumes of acid. Numerous previous studies have shown that wormhole patterns can be placed in these general categories: (1) compact dissolution in which most of the acid is spent near the rock face; (2) the wormholing pattern; and (3) uniform dissolution in which many pores are enlarged, as typically occurs in sandstone acidizing. We have developed a theory of the wormholing process which predicts when the wormholing pattern is most efficiently created as a function of the acid flux and other treatment variables. By testing this theory with several independent sets of laboratory data, we can now demonstrate the important roles that surface reaction rate and fluid loss play in the wormholing process. This theory accurately predicts the optimal flux (that which leads to dominant wormholes with a minimum of branching and hence a minimum acid volume) for experiments with HCl in limestone and dolomite at several temperatures and with acetic acid in limestone. Surface reaction rale differs by several orders of magnitude in these experiments and is the only process variable that differs greatly among them. Paradoxically, though wormholes are formed because the overall reaction rate is controlled by mass transfer in the wormholes, diffusion rates play only a minor role in the wormholing process. Fluid loss through the walls of the wormholes ultimately limits the distance to which wormholes can propagate. Because of this effect, laboratory linear core floods will give optimistic predictions of wormhole penetration distances. We developed a cylindrical flow model to represent the flow field around a wormhole propagating from a wellbore which illustrates how to translate laboratory results to field conditions. We have used these theories to predict optimal acid formulations and injection rates for field conditions. In general, the lower the reaction rate (such as at low temperatures in dolomites or with weak acids in limestones), the lower the injection rate required, making it easier to propagate dominant wormholes under matrix treating conditions in the field.
Modular Design Of Fast Leading Zeros Counting Circuit (2015)

Abstract In modern computing technique, calculation of leading zeros in a data represented as strings of digits is used very often. Those techniques require high speed of the circuit, as well as its fast design. In this paper we propose a design of such a counter, which is applicable to data length of w = 4 j bits, for 4 < j ≤ 8. With this solution it is also possible to process longer data, since the suggested technique offers a good modularity. This is very important, considering the current technology scaling trends. In this paper, a delay behavior of the proposed circuit has also been investigated using equations and VHDL simulation based worst-case delay estimation method. The results show a significant improvement of the circuit speed, compared to the known solutions.
Structure of Ephedradine B, a Hypotensive Pronciple of Ephedra Roots (1979)

From the crude drug "ma=-kon", the roots of Ephedra plants, a novel macrocyclic spermine alkaloid ephedradine B showing the hypotensive activity has been isolated whose stereostructure has been elucidated as represented by formula I on the basis of chemical and physical evidence.The crude drvg mmaGkon", the underground part of ~phedra plants (Ephedraceael, has been used as an antiperspirant in oriental medicine.From the crude drug, we have recently isolated a hypotensive principle ephedradine A and established its stereostructure.2During the course of the isolation of ephedradine A, the alkaloid fraction from H M the extract was subjected to repeated chromatography (alumina/AcOEt-Meon-H201 by monitoring the hypotensive activity.From the fraction eluted after ephedradine A, 6\ 4 another alkaloid was obtained and termed as ephedradine 8. 14' ..* 5 2 8 4-, " although ephedradine B has not yet been crystallized.r<!ls -I j it was characterized as the dihydrobromide, m.p. 219-221'.
Multifunctional Self-Healing and Self-Reporting Polymer Composite with Integrated Conductive Microwire Networks (2012)

Electrically reported self-healing polymers are designed by mimicking skins of animal, and made by embedding an ordered network of glass microtubes inside polymer matrices. The microtubes contain metallic microwires, and mixtures of healing agent and conductive carbon powders. Cracks on the surface due to external forces or inside the polymer due to dislocation motions break glass microtubes, release healing agent with carbon powders. The percolations of electrons through released carbon powders to coordinately align conductive microwires report the locations of damages and healing events.
Intracellular Localization of Differentially Regulated RNA-specific Adenosine Deaminase Isoforms in Inflammation (2003)

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a post-transcriptional process that amplifies the repertoire of protein production. Recently, the induction of this process through up-regulation of the editing enzyme RNA-specific adenosine deaminase 1 (ADAR1) was documented during acute inflammation. Here we report that the inflammation-induced up-regulation of ADAR1 involves differential production and intracellular localization of several isoforms with distinct RNA-binding domains and localization signals. These include the full-length ADAR1 (p150) and two functionally active short isoforms (p80 and p110). ADAR1 p80 starts at a methionine 519 (M519) due to alternative splicing in exon 2, which deletes the putative nuclear localization signal, the Z-DNA binding domain, and the entire RNA binding domain I. ADAR1 p110 is the mouse homologue of the human ADAR1 110-kDa variant (M246), which retains the second half of the Z-DNA binding domain, all RNA binding domains, and the deaminase domain. Additional variations are found in the third RNA binding domain of ADAR1; they are differentially regulated during inflammation, generating isoforms with different levels of activities. Studies in several cell types transfected with ADAR1-EGFP chimeras demonstrated that the p150 and p80 variants are localized in the cytoplasm and nucleolus, respectively. In agreement with this observation, endogenous ADAR1 was identified in the cytoplasm and nucleolus of mouse splenocytes and HeLa cells. Since the ADAR1 variants are differentially regulated during acute inflammation, it suggests that the localization of these variants and of A-to-I RNA editing in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and nucleolus is intracellularly reorganized in response to inflammatory stimulation.
Enhancement of the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery by application of pulsed magnetic field (2006)

New approaches to increase the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery are still required. Here we report a simple approach that enhances gene delivery using permanent and pulsating magnetic fields. DNA plasmids and novel DNA fragments (PCR products) containing sequence encoding for green fluorescent protein were coupled to polyethylenimine coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SPIONs). The complexes were added to cells that were subsequently exposed to permanent and pulsating magnetic fields. Presence of these magnetic fields significantly increased the transfection efficiency 40 times more than in cells not exposed to the magnetic field. The transfection efficiency was highest when the nanoparticles were sedimented on the permanent magnet before the application of the pulsating field, both for small (50 nm) and large (200-250 nm) nanoparticles. The highly efficient gene transfer already within 5 min shows that this technique is a powerful tool for future in vivo studies, where rapid gene delivery is required before systemic clearance or filtration of the gene vectors occurs.
Optimum Symbols for Radar Displays (1960)

Experiments were conducted to determine: 1) sets of geometric symbols which can be discriminated from each other and recognized with high accuracy under a variety of display conditions, especially those involving degradation of the image in ways similar to those that occur on radar displays, and 2) the size and strokewidth to height ratio desirable for symbols to be used on complex displays. The recommended symbols are illustrated in the report; symbol height should be 1/2 inch or more and the strokewidth should be 1/8 to 1/10 of the height. Suggestions for combining auxiliary symbols with primary symbols are given.
Rotating Shift Work Schedules That Disrupt Sleep Are Improved by Applying Circadian Principles (1982)

Workers on rotating shifts dislike those aspects of their work schedules that violate circadian sleep-wake cycle physiology. Work schedule satisfaction, subjective health estimates, personnel turnover, and worker productivity improve when schedules are introduced that are designed to incorporate circadian principles.
CONSTRAINED RESOLUTION AND ABDUCTTVE TEMPORAL REASONING (1996)

This article presents our work on the effective implementation of abduction in temporal reasoning. This works builds on some results, both in the logic programming field and in the automated reasoning area. We have defined and implemented an abductive procedure, which is well adapted for temporal reasoning because it is based on a constrained resolution principle. Constrained resolution has two advantages for temporal reasoning: First, it allows us to deal efficiently with temporal ordering and equality predicates, which are otherwise too much trouble with classical resolution; second, it allows a restricted form of abduction where hypotheses are limited to ordering relationships. From the logic programming area, our work uses results and procedures developed by others in the abductive logic programming field. The procedure we define and implement in this work is relatively independent of the temporal formalism: It has been used with some reified temporal logics and with the event calculus. More generally it can be used on any point‐based temporal formalism, provided that a correct and complete algorithm is available for checking the consistency of a set of temporal ordering relationships in this language.