gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Current and voltage measurement using optical crystal based devices (1994)

In recent years research and development work-involved with producing viable alternatives to conventional current and voltage measurement transformers has accelerated. This paper deals with optical crystal based devices utilising the Faraday magneto-optic effect and the Pockels electro-optic effect. These types of optical transducers have particular advantages at power system transmission voltage levels due to their passive nature and dielectric coupling to the conductor, and the authors believe they offer greater commercial potential for HV applications than other forms of transducer. The type of optical sensor that will be described and discussed in this paper is termed an unlinked sensor, implying the magneto-optic medium does not fully enclose the conductor and thus only 'samples' the magnetic field at a single point around the conductor, and-likewise the electro-optic sensor 'samples' the electric field at one point and does not integrate the measurement between conductor and earth. This arrangement makes for a compact, robust sensor head and ease of manufacturing.
Efficiency of an Aerobic Bioreactor for Glycopolymer Biodegradation (2019)

Biodegradation of plastic materials is an issue of growing concern due to its tremendous environmental impact. This study presents the development of a bioreactor for aerobic biodegradation of a glycopolymer derived from D-mannose and hydroxyl-propyl methacrylate (HPMA). The bioreactor is provided with aeration system, thermoset unit and stirring system. The glycopolymer samples were degraded inside the bioreactor fed with water from Bega River, under aerobic conditions (air flow 2 l/min) at 37±0.5°C for 23 days. The samples derived from natural raw material displayed good biodegradation pattern losing more than 90% their weight, in just 23 days. FTIR and TG analyses run before and after degradation showed that the microorganisms tended to use the sugar moiety as carbon source in first instance, then they turn to synthetic carbon. The kinetic study based on the mathematical Logistic growth model proved adequate for the modeling of the weight loss vs. time. The bioreactor proved as an efficient tool for plastic material biodegradation under aerobic conditions.
The Efficacy of a Semirigid Ankle Stabilizer to Reduce Acute Ankle Injuries in Basketball (1994)

This randomized clinical study was designed to prospectively determine the efficacy of a semirigid ankle stabilizer in reducing the frequency and severity of acute ankle injuries in basketball. Athletic shoe, playing surface, athlete-exposure, ankle injury history, and brace assignment were either statistically or experimentally controlled. Participants in the study were 1601 United States Military Academy cadets with no preparticipation, clinical, functional, or radiographic evidence of ankle instability. Subjects experienced a total of 13,430 athlete-exposures in the 1990 and 1991 intramural basketball seasons. Ankle injury was defined as acute trauma to the ankle ligaments that resulted in an athlete's inability to participate in basketball 1 day after the injury. Use of ankle stabilizers significantly reduced the frequency of ankle injuries. Reduction in ankle injuries, however, depended on the nature of injury (fewer contact injuries occurred among those who wore braces). Injury severity was not statistically reduced, and wearing the ankle stabilizer did not affect the frequency of knee injuries. Attitude toward ankle stabilizer use improved as use of the stabilizer increased.
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy for type 1 diabetes. (2014)

Diabetes has increasingly become a worldwide health problem, causing huge burden on healthcare system and economy. Type 1 diabetes (T1D), traditionally termed "juvenile diabetes" because of an early onset age, is affecting 5-10% of total diabetic population. Insulin injection, the predominant treatment for T1D, is effective to ameliorate the hyperglycemia but incompetent to relieve the autoimmunity and to regenerate lost islets. Islet transplantation, an experimental treatment for T1D, also suffers from limited supply of human islets and poor immunosuppression. The recent progress in regenerative medicine, especially stem cell therapy, has suggested several novel and potential cures for T1D. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) based cell therapy is among one of them. MSCs are a type of adult stem cells residing in bone marrow, adipose tissue, umbilical cord blood, and many other tissues. MSCs, with self-renewal potential and transdifferentiation capability, can be expanded in vitro and directed to various cell lineages with relatively less efforts. MSCs have well-characterized hypoimmunogenicity and immunomodulatory effect. All these features make MSCs attractive for treating T1D. Here, we review the properties of MSCs and some of the recent progress using MSCs as a new therapeutic in the treatment of T1D. We also discuss the strength and limitations of using MSC therapy in human trials.
A reduced-complexity path timing detection method for DS-CDMA (2002)

The DS-CDMA system is a strong candidate for the third generation mobile communication system. The RAKE receiver is a key technology to implement DS-CDMA systems: it is an effective countermeasure to improve the channel quality under multipath fading. It is important for the RAKE receiver to detect all available paths for path diversity, since the BER characteristics depends on the number of detected paths. The path detection affects also the capacity of the CDMA system under the quality (SIR) based power control, since false detection will increase the transmission power required to avoid degradation of the channel quality. This paper proposes a new path detection method which requires no A/D converters or DSP to interface with either analog or digital matched filter (MFs). The circuit and algorithm of the proposed system is first described, then the performance obtained by computer simulation is shown.
Home hazards and falls in the elderly: the role of health and functional status. (1995)

While frail older persons experience higher overall fall rates, vigorous older persons should not be overlooked in fall prevention projects.
Coagulation method for preparing single‐walled carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composites and their modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability (2003)

Abstract A coagulation method providing a better dispersion of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in a polymer matrix was used to produce SWNT/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composites. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy showed an improved dispersion of SWNTs in the PMMA matrix, a key factor in composite performance. Aligned and unaligned composites were made with purified SWNTs with different SWNT loadings (0.1–7 wt %). Comprehensive testing showed improved elastic modulus, electrical conductivity, and thermal stability with the addition of SWNTs. The electrical conductivity of a 2 wt % SWNT composite decreased significantly (>10 5 ) when the SWNTs were aligned, and this result was examined in terms of percolation. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 3333–3338, 2003
Analyzing Sleep Abnormalities in HIV‐Infected Patients Treated with Efavirenz (2004)

Ambulatory electroencephalogram monitoring was performed for 18 HIV-infected subjects treated with efavirenz with and without insomnia and for 13 healthy control subjects. All patients receiving efavirenz had longer sleep latencies and shorter duration of deep sleep, although poor sleepers also showed reduced sleep efficiency and shorter duration of rapid eye movement sleep. Efavirenz plasma levels were higher in patients with insomnia and/or reduced sleep efficiency.
Large Differences in Small RNA Composition Between Human Biofluids (2018)

Extracellular microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small RNAs are implicated in cellular communication and may be useful as disease biomarkers. We systematically compared small RNAs in 12 human biofluid types using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). miRNAs and tRNA-derived RNAs (tDRs) accounted for the majority of mapped reads in all biofluids, but the ratio of miRNA to tDR reads varied from 72 in plasma to 0.004 in bile. miRNA levels were highly correlated across all biofluids, but levels of some miRNAs differed markedly between biofluids. tDR populations differed extensively between biofluids. Y RNA fragments were seen in all biofluids and accounted for >10% of reads in blood plasma, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Reads mapping exclusively to Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were very rare, except in seminal plasma. These results demonstrate extensive differences in small RNAs between human biofluids and provide a useful resource for investigating extracellular RNA biology and developing biomarkers.
TETA: transistor-level waveform evaluation for timing analysis (2002)

Static timing analysis breaks down the longest path problem into waveform analysis of paths of logic stages that are comprised of nonlinear transistors and complex RLC loads. Runtime efficiency is of the utmost importance; however, the waveform evaluation of these logic stages cannot be accelerated via timing simulation algorithms that attempt to exploit temporal or spatial latency since the simulation problem is already a partitioned one. TETA was developed as a general purpose transistor-level waveform evaluation engine for providing accuracy-efficiency tradeoffs for these logic-stage waveform evaluation problems that are encountered during timing analysis. Of particular emphasis are the large RC(L) coupled logic stages which present the bottleneck for waveform evaluation along multiple stages of a digital circuit path. TETA applies a novel compaction scheme for the logic-stage transistor clusters and employs a novel nonlinear algebraic solution method to analyze the circuit. Importantly, stability of the waveform evaluation with TETA requires only stable single-input multi-output N-port interconnect models that are not necessarily passive. Waveform evaluators that use general transistor and piecewise linear device models require provably passive multi-input multi-output interconnect models that can be extremely inefficient for large coupled N-port problems. Furthermore, the methodology in TETA brings extra efficiency by avoiding extra matrix factorizations and enabling the use of device model tables without any loss of accuracy. Complex logic gates and nonlinear capacitors are handled without loss of generality.
The Chaos router (1994)

The Chaos router, a randomizing, nonminimal adaptive packet router is introduced. Adaptive routers allow messages to dynamically select paths, depending on network traffic, and bypass congested nodes. This flexibility contrasts with oblivious packet routers where the path of a packet is statically determined at the source node. A key advancement of the Chaos router over previous nonminimal routers is the use of randomization to eliminate the need for livelock protection. This simplifies adaptive routing to be of approximately the same complexity along the critical decision path as an oblivious router. The primary cost is that the Chaos router is probabilistically livelock free rather than being deterministically livelock free, but evidence is presented implying that these are equivalent in practice. The principal advantage is excellent performance for nonuniform traffic patterns. The Chaos router is described, it is shown to be deadlock free and probabilistically livelock free, and performance results are presented for a variety of work loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oral trehalose supplementation improves resistance artery endothelial function in healthy middle-aged and older adults (2016)

We hypothesized that supplementation with trehalose, a disaccharide that reverses arterial aging in mice, would improve vascular function in middle-aged and older (MA/O) men and women. Thirty-two healthy adults aged 50-77 years consumed 100 g/day of trehalose (n=15) or maltose (n=17, isocaloric control) for 12 weeks (randomized, double-blind). In subjects with Δbody mass less than 2.3kg (5 lb.), resistance artery endothelial function, assessed by forearm blood flow to brachial artery infusion of acetylcholine (FBFACh), increased ~30% with trehalose (13.3±1.0 vs. 10.5±1.1 AUC, P=0.02), but not maltose (P=0.40). This improvement in FBFACh was abolished when endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production was inhibited. Endothelium-independent dilation, assessed by FBF to sodium nitroprusside (FBFSNP), also increased ~30% with trehalose (155±13 vs. 116±12 AUC, P=0.03) but not maltose (P=0.92). Changes in FBFACh and FBFSNP with trehalose were not significant when subjects with Δbody mass ≥ 2.3kg were included. Trehalose supplementation had no effect on conduit artery endothelial function, large elastic artery stiffness or circulating markers of oxidative stress or inflammation (all P>0.1) independent of changes in body weight. Our findings demonstrate that oral trehalose improves resistance artery (microvascular) function, a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, in MA/O adults, possibly through increasing NO bioavailability and smooth muscle sensitivity to NO.
A novel in vitro technique for measuring the water resistance of sunscreens (1998)

Synopsis A novel in vitro technique has been used to assess the water resistance of topical sunscreens. The technique is based upon transmission spectrometry using excised human epidermis as the substrate. The sun protection factors (SPFs) of four sunscreens obtained prior to water immersion and after two immersions were compared with in vivo data determined using human volunteers. In every case there was close agreement between the SPFs obtained on dry skin and on skin that had been immersed in water. Not only does the technique provide a less expensive and less time consuming alternative to in vivo testing, it also offers the possibility to study the effect that water immersion may have on the absorption spectrum of products which cannot be determined in vivo. This can give valuable information on which, if any, of the active ingredients present in sunscreens are being preferentially removed by water. In addition, the method can be easily adapted to study the effects on sunscreen substantivity of other factors such as water temperature, salinity and turbulence. Résumé On a utilizé une nouvelle technique in vitro pour évaluer la résistance à l'eau d'écrans solaires topiques. La technique est basée sur la spectrométrie de transmission utilisant de l'épiderme humain excisé comme support. Les IPS de 4 écrans solaires obtenus avant immersion dans l'eau et après deux immersions ont été comparés avec des données in vivo déterminées en utilisant des volontaires humains. Dans chaque cas il existe une proche correspondance entre les IPS obtenus sur peau sèche et sur peau ayant été immergée dans l'eau. Non seulement la technique apporte une alternative moins chère et moins longue aux essais in vivo, mais elle offre aussi la possibilité d'étudier l'effet que l'immersion dans l'eau peut avoir sur le spectre d'absorption de produits qui ne peuvent pas être examinés in vivo. Ceci peut fournir des informations intéressantes sur ceux, s'ils existent, des ingrédients actifs présents dans les écrans solaires qui sont préférentiellement éliminés par l'eau. En outre, la méthode peut être adaptée facilement pour étudier les effets sur la composition des écrans solaires d'autres facteurs tels que la température de l'eau, la salinité et la turbulence. © Rapid Science Ltd. 1998
Ripening, Harvesting and Oil Extraction (2001)

There has been much discussion of the low palm oil extraction ratios (OER) which have been observed in Malaysia in recent years. In this paper, data from a study of bunch ripening in 3 oil palm clones are summarised, and results compared with published information. Despite some claims to the contrary, it is clear that oil synthesis in a bunch usually continues for some time after fruit drop starts; the increase in oil/ bunch cannot be explained simply by loss of moisture. Maximum oil content of the bunch may not be reached until several hundred fruit have detached, so harvesting has to be a compromise between maximising oil yield and minimising costs of loose fruit collection. The ideal system would have a short harvesting interval, and a high minimum number of loose fruit, but this may be difficult to achieve in practice. Loose fruit collection is a major cost, and is often not done well. If loose fruit are not collected, oil yield will increase relatively little after fruit drop starts. In that case, a harvesting standard as low as 1 loose fruit per bunch may be justified. There are several possible reasons for the long term downward trend in OER in Malaysia. There is some evidence for decreasing ÓER with palm age; in particular, large bunches may have lower ÖER than small ones, perhaps because they are harvested less ripe, and this could result in lower OER from older palms. An important reason for the decline appears to be a deliberate reduction in the minimum loose fruit number at harvest, together with possible failure to enforce even the specified minimum, and incomplete collection of loose fruit. Missed loose fruit could result in the loss of as much as 7 per cent of production. A cheap and efficient method of collecting loose fruit could be worth 1 billion Ringgit per year to the Malaysian palm oil industry, if it allowed a return to the optimal harvesting standards determined in the seventies. Keywords: Oil palm, ripening, harvesting, OER, oil synthesis
On mismatch errors in analog-VLSI error correcting decoders (2002)

A new type of nonlinear analog transistor networks has recently been proposed for "turbo" decoding of error correcting codes. However, the influence of various nonidealities on the performance of such analog decoders is not yet well understood. The paper addresses the performance degradation due to transistor mismatch. Some analytical results are derived that allow to compare the accuracy of analog decoders with that of digital decoders. Moreover, these results enable to incorporate transistor mismatch into fast high-level simulations.
Molecular cloning and characterization of ovine IL-1(alpha) and IL-1beta (1991)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a cytokine with a wide range of effects on a variety of cell types. By hybridization with human IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta cDNA probes, the corresponding ovine cDNAs were isolated from a stimulated alveolar macrophage cDNA library. The sequences of these cDNAs showed that ovine IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta encode proteins of 268 and 266 amino acids, respectively, with both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences showing a high degree of homology with their human, mouse and bovine equivalents. In a mammalian COS cell-expression system these cDNAs produced biologically active IL-1. Further experiments demonstrated the importance of sequences within the 3' untranslated portion of the cDNAs in determining the level of expression of these molecules. The analysis of expression of IL-1 alpha- and IL-1 beta-specific mRNA in response to endotoxin, phorbol myristic acid (PMA) or PMA plus ionomycin revealed a distinct pattern of differential regulation of the two genes. From genomic analysis both IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta appear to exist as single copies in the ovine genome.
Sonic Hedgehog and WNT Signaling Promote Adrenal Gland Regeneration in Male Mice (2017)

The atrophy and hypofunction of the adrenal cortex following long-term pharmacologic glucocorticoid therapy is a major health problem necessitating chronic glucocorticoid replacement that often prolongs the ultimate return of endogenous adrenocortical function. Underlying this functional recovery is anatomic regeneration, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of which are poorly understood. Investigating the lineage contribution of cortical Sonic hedgehog (Shh)+ progenitor cells and the SHH-responsive capsular Gli1+ cells to the regenerating adrenal cortex, we observed a spatially and temporally bimodal contribution of both cell types to adrenocortical regeneration following cessation of glucocorticoid treatment. First, an early repopulation of the cortex is defined by a marked delamination and expansion of capsular Gli1+ cells, recapitulating the establishment of the capsular-cortical homeostatic niche during embryonic development. This rapid repopulation is promptly cleared from the cortical compartment only to be supplanted by repopulating cortical cells derived from the resident long-term-retained zona glomerulosa Shh+ progenitors. Pharmacologic and genetic dissection of SHH signaling further defines an SHH-dependent activation of WNT signaling that supports regeneration of the cortex following long-term glucocorticoid therapy. We define the signaling and lineage relationships that underlie the regeneration process.
Clinical gene therapy for arthritis (1999)

To overcome problems associated with conventional drug delivery in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) our laboratory has been exploring the application of gene transfer as a means to express therapeutic proteins intraarticularly. Initial experiments in rabbit knee joints demonstrated that the gene encoding interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) could be delivered to the synovial lining and expressed at a therapeutic level. The success of these experiments has led to the initiation of a clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of using gene therapy to treat RA. For this procedure autologous synoviocytes are retrovirally transduced in culture to express IL-1RA, and are transplanted into two metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of the hand. For comparative controls nonmodified synoviocytes are injected into the remaining two MCP joints. During scheduled joint replacement surgery articular tissues and fluids are recovered and analyzed for expression of the IL-1RA transgene. Nine patients will be treated in groups of three; with each group receiving successively higher numbers of transduced synoviocytes. To date five patients have completed the procedure. Thus far it has been well tolerated and intraarticular expression of the IL-1 transgene has been detected by both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization analyses. If this procedure indeed proves to be safe and feasible, future trials will address therapeutic efficacy and involve treatment in patients earlier in the progression of RA.
Zr/V/Fe thick film for vacuum packaging of MEMS (2004)

An approach to maintain vacuum in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) by integrating the MEMS fabrication process with getter material preparation is presented in this paper. The coating process for a thick film of getter material on silicon and glass wafers, the two commonly used substrates in MEMS fabrication and package, was investigated in detail. The getter material consists of a powder mixture of zirconium, vanadium and iron, which features high sorption capacity to active gases such as H2, O2, N2, CO and H2O vapour. Various kinds of patterned non-evaporable getter (NEG) thick films with thickness from 50 µm to 400 µm were fabricated to investigate the solutions for different MEMS applications. The activation temperature of the thick NEG films was investigated. Fundamental properties of the NEG films were examined, such as the adhesive strength, higher than 119 N cm−2, of the NEG film to Si substrate and the sorption capacity, 4.68 × 106 Pa l m−2, of the coated getter material. The coating of NEG thick film on the inner surface of MEMS pressure sensor illustrates the applicability of the technique in vacuum maintenance of MEMS devices.