gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using vehicle-to-grid to maximize the integration of intermittent renewable energy resources in islanded electric grids (2009)

This paper presents the results of a dynamic behaviour analysis study developed with the objective of quantifying the amount of wind power that can be safely integrated in an isolated electricity grid where Electric Vehicles (EVs) are present. The assessment was performed considering two distinct situations: a) when EVs are only in charging mode and b) when EVs participate in primary frequency control. The test system, a small island, contains, in addition to wind generation, a small amount of solar PV plants and four conventional diesel generators. Only wind power influence in system's frequency was assessed since, from a dynamic perspective, this is the renewable resource whose high intermittency level might be more harmful for the electric system operation. Sudden wind variations were simulated and, for both situations, a) and b), the amount of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources was maximized, keeping always the grid frequency within the limits defined by the power quality standards.
Loss of <i>mRor1</i> Enhances the Heart and Skeletal Abnormalities in <i>mRor2</i>-Deficient Mice: Redundant and Pleiotropic Functions of mRor1 and mRor2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinases (2001)

The mammalian Ror family of receptor tyrosine kinases consists of two structurally related proteins, Ror1 and Ror2. We have shown that mRor2-deficient mice exhibit widespread skeletal abnormalities, ventricular septal defects in the heart, and respiratory dysfunction, leading to neonatal lethality (S. Takeuchi, K. Takeda, I. Oishi, M. Nomi, M. Ikeya, K. Itoh, S. Tamura, T. Ueda, T. Hatta, H. Otani, T. Terashima, S. Takada, H. Yamamura, S. Akira, and Y. Minami, Genes Cells 5:71-78, 2000). Here we show that mRor1-deficient mice have no apparent skeletal or cardiac abnormalities, yet they also die soon after birth due to respiratory dysfunction. Interestingly, mRor1/mRor2 double mutant mice show markedly enhanced skeletal abnormalities compared with mRor2 mutant mice. Furthermore, double mutant mice also exhibit defects not observed in mRor2 mutant mice, including a sternal defect, dysplasia of the symphysis of the pubic bone, and complete transposition of the great arteries. These results indicate that mRor1 and mRor2 interact genetically in skeletal and cardiac development.
<i>Salix integra</i> Combined with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> to Restore Diesel Contaminated Soils (2017)

The soil remediation using Salix integra combined with oil-degraded microorganism Pseudomonas aeruginosa was conducted to investigate the effect on degradation of diesel (10,000 mg·kg−1) in diesel-contaminated soil. The diesel contents in Salix integra tissue, and the activity of soil microorganisms and enzymes’ (dehydrogenase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase) activities in rhizosphere soils were also assessed in different treatments. The results showed that the treatment of Salix integra combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa displayed the highest removal efficiency (67.46%). Inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa could decrease the content of diesel in Salix integra’s tissues; however, there was no significant difference. Moreover, inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa significantly increased the rhizospheric microbial activity by 5.1–19.22% compared with the one only planting Salix integra. In addition, a close correlation between diesel removal ratios and the microbial activity was observed (r=0.978, p<0.01) in the Salix integra combined with Pseudomonas aeruginosa treatment. The activities of dehydrogenase were also significantly correlated with the microbial activity (r=0.860, p<0.05). All of the previous results confirmed that inoculating Pseudomonas aeruginosa could enhance the dissipation of diesel oil in soil. Thus, the composite system could be reasonably used to restore the ecological environment of organic contaminated soils.
COMPARISON OF NASAL INSULIN POWDERS PREPARED BY SUPERCRITICAL FLUID AND FREEZE-DRYING TECHNIQUES (1997)

ABSTRACT In this study, the effect of drug loading on the nasal absorption of insulin was determined. Human insulin was loaded into different drug carriers by two methods: supercritical fluid processing and freeze-drying. The powder formulations were characterized and then evaluated after nasal administration to alloxan induced diabetic rabbits at a dose of 5U/kg and 7.5U/kg. The blood glucose levels and serum insulin levels were monitored for five hours after administration of insulin formulations. The drug carriers evaluated were: ammonium glycyrrhizinate (AG), polyacrylic acid (PAA), cross-linked polyacrylic acid (CPAA), polyethylene oxide (PEO) and chitosan (CHTN). Nasal administration of AG infused with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in absolute bioavailability of 9.81% as compared to 2.86% observed with same powder loaded with insulin by freeze-drying. 8.05% bioavailability was obtained with PAA powder loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide as compared to much lower absorption seen with freeze-dried formulation. Similarly a two fold increase in absolute bioavailability was observed when carbon dioxide infused CPAA powder formulation was compared to the lyophilized powder. Nasal administration of PEO and CHTN loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide resulted in bioavailabilities of 1.55% and 1. 18% respectively. The drug-loading process seems to have a significant effect on nasal absorption of insulin. The powders loaded with insulin by carbon dioxide infusion resulted in significantly higher absorption. The exact mechanism is still not known and a possible explanation for increased absorption may be due to improved stability of insulin in carbon dioxide infused formulations. Among the powders evaluated, polyacrylic acid and ammonium glycyrrhizinate prepared by carbon dioxide infusion as drug-loading method seem to offer good potential for development of nasal powder dosage forms for insulin.
RUPERT: An exoskeleton robot for assisting rehabilitation of arm functions (2008)

The design of a wearable upper extremity therapy robot RUPERT IV™ (Robotic Upper Extremity Repetitive Trainer) device is presented. It is designed to assist in repetitive therapy tasks related to activities of daily living which has been advocated for being more effective for functional recovery. RUPERT™ has five actuated degrees of freedom driven by compliant and safe pneumatic muscle actuators (PMA) assisting shoulder elevation, humeral external rotation, elbow extension, forearm supination and wrist/hand extension. The device is designed to extend the arm and move in a 3D space with no gravity compensation, which is a natural setting for practicing day-to-day activities. Because the device is wearable and lightweight, the device is very portable; it can be worn standing or sitting for performing therapy tasks that better mimic activities of daily living. A closed-loop controller combining a PID-based feedback controller and a Iterative learning controller (ILC)-based feedforward controller is proposed for RUPERT for passive repetitive task training. This type of control aids in overcoming the highly nonlinear nature of the plant under control, and also helps in adapting easily to different subjects for performing different tasks. The system was tested on two able-bodied subjects to evaluate its performance.
Blockchains Meet Distributed Hash Tables: Decoupling Validation from State Storage (2019)

The first obstacle that regular users encounter when setting up a node for a public blockchain is the time taken for downloading all the data needed for the node to start operating correctly. In fact, this may last from hours to weeks for the major networks. Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we show a design that enables mining and validation of new blocks keeping only a very small state. Secondly, we show that it is possible to store the state of the blockchain in a distributed hash table obtaining a wide spectrum of trade-offs between storage committed by the nodes and replication factor. Our proposal is independent from the consensus algorithm adopted, and copes well with transactions that involve smart contracts.
The organization of the human‐plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor‐1 gene (1988)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is a member of the serine protease inhibitor super family (SERPINS) which is thought to play an integral role in the control of plasminogen activation. PAI-1 inhibits both tissue-type plasminogen activator and urokinase-type plasminogen activator and may therefore be implicated in the control of various physiological processes. We have isolated the PAI-1 gene including its 5'-flanking sequence. The gene was characterized by restriction enzyme analysis, Southern blotting and DNA sequencing of all the coding parts as well as the 5'-flanking region. The PAI-1 gene contains nine exons and eight introns distributed over approximately 12.3 kb of DNA. All exon/intron boundaries agree with the 'GT-AG' rule. To characterize the presumptive promoter region, 800 bp of the 5'-flanking region was sequenced and potential binding sites for transacting transcriptional factors were localized. The transcription initiation site was identified by S1 protection experiments and is located 25 base pairs downstream of a TATA consensus sequence. By aligning the gene structure of PAI-1 and four other SERPINS and extrapolating a general tertiary structure to these SERPINS, we find that most introns map between subdomain structures of the proteins. Evidence is presented supporting an intron loss model for the evolution of the SERPIN family.
Capturing Cognitive Fingerprints from Keystroke Dynamics (2013)

Conventional authentication systems identify a user only at the entry point. Keystroke dynamics can continuously authenticate users by their typing rhythms without extra devices. This article presents a new feature called cognitive typing rhythm (CTR) to continuously verify the identities of computer users. Two machine techniques, SVM and KRR, have been developed for the system. The best results from experiments conducted with 1,977 users show a false-rejection rate of 0.7 percent and a false-acceptance rate of 5.5 percent. CTR therefore constitutes a cognitive fingerprint for continuous. Its effectiveness has been verified through a large-scale dataset. This article is part of a special issue on security.
Epigenetic regulation of dendritic cell–derived interleukin-12 facilitates immunosuppression after a severe innate immune response (2007)

Patients who survive sepsis have significant deficiencies in their immune responses caused by poorly understood mechanisms. We have explored this phenomenon by studying dendritic cells (DCs) recovered from animals surviving severe peritonitis-induced sepsis, using the well-established cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) model. Immediately after the initiation of sepsis there is a depletion in DCs from the lung and spleen, which is followed by repopulation of these cells back to the respective organs. DCs recovered from surviving animals exhibited a significant and chronic suppression of interleukin-12 (IL-12), a key host defense cytokine. The suppression of DC-derived IL-12 persisted for at least 6 weeks after CLP and was not due to immunoregulatory cytokines, such as IL-10. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) techniques, we have shown that the deficiency in DC-derived IL-12 was due to epigenetic alterations. Specifically, IL-12 expression was regulated by stable reciprocal changes in histone H3 lysine-4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and histone H3 lysine-27 dimethylation (H3K27me2), as well as changes in cognate histone methyltransferase (HMT) complexes on the Il12p35 and Il12p40 promoters. These data implicate histone modification enzymes in suppressing DC-derived IL-12, which may provide one of the mechanisms of long-term immunosuppression subsequent to the septic response.
Picosecond response of a high−repetition−rate CS2 optical Kerr gate (1975)

An optical Kerr gate is operated at high repetition rates using picosecond pulses from a mode−locked cw laser. A new mode of gate operation is demonstrated in which incremental transmission is linearly proportional to pump power. Direct temporal measurement of a 2.1−psec response time of the optical Kerr effect in CS2 is reported.
A new global router for row-based layout (2003)

A global router for row-based layout styles such as sea-of-gates, gate-array, and standard cell circuits is discussed. It is part of the latest version of TimberWolfSC, a placement and routing package for row-based layout. The algorithm outperformed the UTMC Highland system on two standard benchmark circuits. In tests on ten circuits, the global router produced track counts which were an average of 27% lower than those of the previous TimberWolfSC global router. The router is an average of 30 times faster than the previous algorithm. It has been generalized to handle macro blocks on the chip, equivalent sets of pins, single pins (those without an equivalent), and circuits having many or no built-into-the-cell feeds. Indiscriminate over-the-cell routing is also handled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impacts of Exotic Annual Brome Grasses (Bromus spp.) on Ecosystem Properties of Northern Mixed Grass Prairie (2003)

Annual brome grasses, Bromus japonicus and B. tectorum, are common exotic plants in the northern mixed grass prairies of North America. As annuals, the bromes die following seed set in late spring, creating a functional difference between them and native perennial grasses because perennials continue to maintain live shoots into the summer and root systems throughout the year. Our objective was to investigate how this functional difference alters ecosystem properties over the growing season, including soil moisture content, quantity of plant biomass, litter accumulation and aboveground litter decomposition. We conducted an experiment in which the annual bromes were removed from treatment plots to compare with adjacent reference plots. While this experiment served as a direct test for brome impacts, observational plots also were sampled to determine if impacts were apparent in an unmanipulated system. A litter bag experiment was conducted to evaluate impacts of brome grasses on decomposition. Experimental removal of brome grasses led to more biomass both above- and belowground at the end of the growing season, and high brome observational plots averaged 28% less aboveground biomass and 40% less belowground biomass than low brome plots. In contrast, removal of brome grasses did not produce a consistent impact on soil moisture content between sites or among months, and none of measurable impacts from the removal experiment were significant in the observational study. Bromes slowed decomposition of aboveground litter at both sites. However, the overall impact on litter accumulation was only significant at one site, where brome removal reduced surface litter in the latter half of the growing season and high brome observational plots averaged 36% more litter than low brome plots. This study demonstrates how the brome functional type alters several properties in an ecosystem traditionally dominated by perennial grasses.
A Framework for Loop-Free Convergence (2010)

This draft describes mechanisms that may be used to prevent or to
suppress the formation of micro-loops when an IP or MPLS network
undergoes topology change due to failure, repair or management action.
Reactivation of Papain-Treated Endotoxin (1965)

The pyrogenicity of endotoxin which had been diminished by incubation with papain was restored by treatment of the inactive complex with pronase and ethanol, indicating that a hydrolytic cleavage of the endotoxin molecule had not occurred. In addition, it was shown that the reduction of the second fever peak in papain-inactivated endotoxin could be explained on the basis of a normal dose-response phenomenon. These findings suggest that there is no disagreement between the inactivation of a purified endotoxin by papain and the observed correlation of the biological activity of endotoxin with the polysaccharide portion of the molecule.
Photonic Wires of Nanometric Dimensions. Electronic Energy Transfer in Rigid Rodlike Ru(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>-(ph)<i><sub>n</sub></i>-Os(bpy)<sub>3</sub><sup>2+</sup>Compounds (ph = 1,4-Phenylene;<i>n</i>= 3, 5, 7) (1999)

We have synthesized nine rodlike compounds of nanometric dimension with general formula [M(bpy)3-(ph)n-M‘(bpy)3]4+ (M = M‘ = Ru(II); M = M‘ = Os(II); M = Ru(II), M‘ = Os(II); bpy = 2,2‘-bipyridine; ph = 1,4-phenylene; n = 3, 5, 7; the central phenylene unit bears two alkyl chains for solubility reasons; the metal-to metal distance is 4.2 nm for the longest spacer). The absorption spectra and the luminescence properties (emission spectra, quantum yields, and excited-state lifetimes) of the nine dinuclear complexes have been investigated in acetonitrile solution at 293 K and in butyronitrile rigid matrix at 77 K. The results obtained have been compared with those found for the separated chromophoric units ([Ru(bpy)3]2+, [Os(bpy)3]2+, and oligophenylene derivatives). The absorption spectrum of each dinuclear complex is essentially equal to the sum of the spectra of the component species, showing that intercomponent electronic interactions are weak. In the homodinuclear compounds, the strong fluorescence of the oligophenylene spacers is completely quenched by energy transfer to the metal-based units, which exhibit their characteristic metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence. In the heterodinuclear compounds, besides complete quenching of the fluorescence of the oligophenylene spacers, a quenching of the phosphorescence of the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ chromophoric unit and a parallel sensitization of the phosphorescence of the [Os(bpy)3]2+ chromophoric unit are observed, indicating the occurrence of electronic energy transfer. The rate of the energy-transfer process from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to the [Os(bpy)3]2+ unit is practically temperature independent and decreases with increasing length of the oligophenylene spacer (in acetonitrile solution at 293 K, ken = 6.7 × 108 s-1 for n = 3; ken = 1.0 × 107 s-1 for n = 5; ken = 1.3 × 106 s-1 for n = 7). It is shown that such an energy-transfer process takes place via a Dexter-type mechanism (superexchange interaction) with an attenuation coefficient of 0.32 per Å and 1.5 per interposed phenylene unit.
Regulation of the Human Interleukin-2/Interleukin-2 Receptor System: A Role for Immunosuppression (1994)

The strength of the cellular immune response is regulated to a large extent by the amount of interleukin-2 (IL-2) produced in response to a stimulus. The ability of lymphocytes and other cells to respond to IL-2 depends upon the expression of cell surface IL-2 receptors. Formation of a high-affinity IL-2 receptor is regulated primarily through induction of its alpha subunit, IL-2R alpha. Once formed, the IL-2R alpha chain turns over rapidly, rendering expression of high-affinity IL-2 receptors during the immune response dependent upon continuous activity of the IL-2R alpha gene. The induced expression of both human IL-2 and IL-2R alpha chains is sensitive to cell-mediated suppression by CD8 cells; depletion of CD8 cells leads to extensive superinduction. This coupled suppression of IL-2 and IL-2R alpha genes greatly increases the extent of control, and strongly limits the strength, of the signal transduced by this ligand/receptor system during an immune response.
Pleural effusions in the intensive care unit (2003)

The incidence of pleural effusions in the intensive care unit varies depending on the screening methods, from approximately 8% for physical examination to more than 60% for routine ultrasonography. Several factors contribute to the occurrence of pleural effusions in intensive care unit patients: large amounts of intravenous fluid are often administered, pneumonia is common, and heart failure, atelectasis, extravascular catheter migration, hypoalbuminemia, or liver disease are present in many intensive care unit patients. In surgical intensive care units, cardiac or abdominal surgery is often followed by pleural effusions, and in trauma patients, hemothorax is a dreaded event. Because no clinical parameter excludes pleural infection, and because of the impact of thoracentesis on diagnosis and treatment, this procedure should be performed unless contraindicated. Thoracentesis is safe in mechanically ventilated patients. The author discusses the following points regarding pleural effusions in the intensive care unit: screening intensive care unit patients for pleural effusion, safety of thoracentesis in patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation, distinguishing exudates from transudates, and diagnosing and managing infected pleural effusions in critically ill patients. Lastly, the author suggests a research agenda for pleural effusions in intensive care unit patients.
Optimal layout via Boolean satisfiability (2003)

The author transforms various NP-complete problems in layout, namely, two- and multilayer dogleg channel routing, two-way partitioning, one-dimensional and two-dimensional placement, into Boolean satisfiability problems. The transformations are efficient in that the number of inputs to the Boolean function, for which he has to find a satisfying assignment, only grows linearly or quasilinearly with the layout problem size. These transformations also produce a minimal-size Boolean function in order to speed up satisfiability check performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DNA Isolation Procedures (2002)

Literally hundreds of protocols for DNA preparation from various sources of tissue have been published over the last few decades. To display all of these preparations would take volumes of manual space so instead we present in this chapter several of the preparations that have been used successfully in our laboratories. We also present a few “classical” procedures that are “tried and true” and nearly always work. In addition the www is an excellent source for protocols. Some forums exist for the dissemination of protocols for DNA and RNA isolation (DNA isolation protocols forums: http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/protocols.html , http://bric.postech.ac.kr/resources/rprotocol/ ; RNA isolation protocols forum: http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/protocols/methods/RNAMethodsMenu.html ).
Melancholia EEG classification based on CSSD and SVM (2011)

It takes an important role to get the disease information from melancholia electroencephalograph (EEG). Firstly, A common spatial subspace decomposition (CSSD) method was used to extract features from 16-channel EEG of melancholia and normal healthy persons. Then based on support vector machines (SVM), a classifier was designed to train and test its classification capability between Melancholia and healthy persons. The results indicated that the proposed method can reach a higher accuracy as 95% in EEG classification, while the accuracy of the method based on wavelet is only 88%.That is, the proposed method is feasible for the melancholia diagnosis and research.