gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Annotation Refinement Using Dynamic Weighted Voting Based on Mutual Information (2011)

Automatic image annotation is a promising solution to narrow the semantic gap between low-level content and high-level semantic concept, which has been an active research area in the fields of image retrieval, pattern recognition, and machine learning. However, even the most dedicated annotation algorithms are often unsatisfactory. Image annotation refinement has attracted much more attention recently. In this paper, a novel refinement algorithm using dynamic voting based on mutual information is proposed. Unlike the traditional refinement algorithm, the proposed algorithm adopts dynamic weighted voting to measure the dependence between the candidate annotations, which not only permits that the annotations with higher probabilities deny the annotations with lower probabilities, but also permits that the annotations with lower probabilities deny the annotations with higher probabilities. The proposed refinement algorithm adopts progressive method instead of iterative, which can significantly decrease the time cost of refining annotations. In order to further improve efficiency without sacrificing precision, we propose the block-based normalized cut algorithm to segment image. Experiments conducted on standard Washington Ground Truth Image Database demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed approach for refining image annotations.
Design of a robot leg with elastic energy storage, comparison to biology, and preliminary experimental results (2002)

This paper presents a novel robot leg design. The leg is powered by a DC motor which drives elastic tendons to turn a foot. The tendons store elastic energy just as in nature. Preliminary experimental results show the leg has a well-defined resonance which can be exploited to produce hopping. We also offer a comparison of our leg with the cat hindlimb. Eventually, the leg will be part of a quadrupedal robot.
5-Azacytidine treatment sensitizes tumor cells to T-cell mediated cytotoxicity and modulates NK cells in patients with myeloid malignancies (2014)

Treatment with the demethylating agent 5-Azacytidine leads to prolonged survival for patients with myelodysplastic syndrome, and the demethylation induces upregulation of cancer-testis antigens. Cancer-testis antigens are well-known targets for immune recognition in cancer, and the immune system may have a role in this treatment regimen. We show here that 5-Azacytidine treatment leads to increased T-cell recognition of tumor cells. T-cell responses against a large panel of cancer-testis antigens were detected before treatment, and these responses were further induced upon initiation of treatment. These characteristics point to an ideal combination of 5-Azacytidine and immune therapy to preferentially boost T-cell responses against cancer-testis antigens. To initiate such combination therapy, essential knowledge is required about the general immune modulatory effect of 5-Azacytidine. We therefore examined potential treatment effects on both immune stimulatory (CD8 and CD4 T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells) and immune inhibitory cell subsets (myeloid-derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells). We observed a minor decrease and modulation of NK cells, but for all other populations no effects could be detected. Together, these data support a strategy for combining 5-Azacytidine treatment with immune therapy for potential clinical benefit.
Metallo-dielectric diamond and zinc-blende photonic crystals (2002)

Diamond and zinc-blende photonic crystals are studied both in the purely dielectric case and in the presence of small inclusions of a low absorbing metal. It is shown that small metal inclusions can have a dramatic effect on the photonic band structure. Several complete photonic band gaps (CPBG's) can open in the spectrum, between the second and third, fifth and sixth, and eighth and ninth bands. Unlike in the purely dielectric case, in the presence of small inclusions of a low absorbing metal the largest CPBG for a moderate dielectric constant $(\ensuremath{\varepsilon}<~10)$ turns out to be the second to third CPBG. The second to third CPBG is the most important CPBG, because it is the most stable against disorder. For a diamond and zinc-blende structure of nonoverlapping dielectric and metallo-dielectric spheres, a CPBG begins to decrease with an increasing dielectric contrast roughly at the point where another CPBG starts to open---a kind of gap competition. A CPBG can even shrink to zero when the dielectric contrast increases further. Metal inclusions have the biggest effect for the dielectric constant $\ensuremath{\varepsilon}\ensuremath{\in}[2,12],$ which is a typical dielectric constant at near infrared and in the visible for many materials, including semiconductors and polymers. It is shown that one can create a sizeable and robust second to third CPBG at near-infrared and visible wavelengths even for a photonic crystal which is composed of more than 97% low refractive index materials $(n<~1.45,$ i.e., that of silica glass or a polymer). In the case of silica spheres with a silver core, the second to third CPBG opens for a metal volume fraction ${f}_{m}\ensuremath{\approx}1.1%$ and has a gap width to midgap frequency ratio of $5%$ for ${f}_{m}\ensuremath{\approx}2.5%.$ Within the second to third CPBG of $5%,$ absorption remains very small $(<~2.6%$ once the CPBG is centered at a wavelength $\ensuremath{\lambda}>~750 \mathrm{nm}),$ which should be tolerable in most practical applications. The metallo-dielectric structures display a scalinglike behavior, which makes it possible to scale the CPBG from microwaves down to the ultraviolet wavelengths. Aluminum, copper, and gold cores yield almost identical results, provided that sphere radius ${r}_{s}>~250 \mathrm{nm}.$ For ${r}_{s}<250 \mathrm{nm}$ the results for different metals can be increasingly different with decreasing ${r}_{s},$ nevertheless, qualitative features remain the same. These findings open the door for any semiconductor and polymer material to be used as genuine building blocks for the creation of photonic crystals with a CPBG and significantly increase the possibilities for experimentalists to realize a sizeable and robust CPBG in the near infrared and in the visible. One possibility is a construction method using optical tweezers, which is analyzed here.
The Herbal Medicine, Sairei-to, Prevents Endotoxin-induced Otitis Media with Effusion in the Guinea Pig (1997)

With current pharmacotherapy, otitis media with effusion (OME) is often recurrent and even develops to become chronic. There is now considerable experimental and clinical evidence that the cilia in the tubotympanum play an important part in the prevention of OME. A herbal medicine, sairei-to, has been shown to stimulate the ciliary activity in vitro, and oral administration of the medicine also stimulated the ciliary activity in the tubotympanum rather than physiological states. This study was designed to investigate whether oral administration of sairei-to could prevent experimental OME in the guinea pig. A total of 120 guinea pigs were used. The control group was treated with intratympanic injection of 0.1 ml of physiologic saline solution. The saline-control group was treated with oral administration of physiologic saline solution for 14 successive days. The low-dosage group and the high-dosage group were treated with oral administration of 120 and 600 mg/kg of sairei-to for 14 successive days, respectively. The saline-control group, the low-dosage group and the high-dosage group were then treated with intratympanic injection of 0.1 ml of lipopolysaccharide solution (100 micrograms/ml) derived from Klebsiella pneumoniae. All 10 animals from the 4 groups were sacrificed 1, 3, and 7 days after the intratympanic injection, to examine ciliary activity, mucociliary clearance time, and mucosal pathology of the tubotympanum. The saline-control group exhibited middle ear effusions and pathologies similar to human OME. The incidence of middle ear effusions in the low-dosage and the high-dosage groups was somewhat reduced compared with the saline-control group. The ciliary activity in the tubotympanum was significantly reduced in the saline-control and low-dosage groups compared with the normal-control group. By contrast, the magnitude of reduction in ciliary activity was much smaller in the high-dosage group. The ciliary activity especially in the Eustachian tube and the middle ear close to the tympanic orifice at 3 and 7 days in the high-dosage group was not significantly different from that in the normal-control group. Mucociliary clearance time in the high-dosage group was not different from that in the normal-control group throughout the observation period. The groups treated with sairei-to, especially the high-dosage group, exhibited much milder pathological changes in the tubotympanum than did the saline-control group. In conclusion, clinical application of sairei-to could be an effective measure to prevent the occurrence of OME and also the recurrence of the disease, especially OME-prone individuals.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome. (1989)

HUS has now emerged as a common clinical and pathologic syndrome that may result from a variety of disease processes. On the basis of clinical and epidemiologic criteria, several distinct subgroups of the disorder have been distinguished, the most common of which are the result of infectious processes, whereas the rarer forms may be genetically determined or acquired defects in vascular homeostasis. A related group of bacterial toxins, verotoxins, and Shiga toxin, produced by a variety of species of enteric pathogens, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of typical childhood HUS. In the few years since verotoxin-producing organisms were first incriminated as the possible etiologic agents of HUS, there has been a remarkable growth in knowledge of the biology of verotoxin and its role, not only in HUS but in hemorrhagic colitis and childhood diarrhea. The availability of purified toxin and new tools for detection of verotoxin and verotoxin-producing organisms, such as monoclonal antibodies and probes for DNA hybridization, should enable definitive studies of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of verotoxin-associated HUS to be undertaken. The growing understanding of HUS should eventually lead to improved treatment and ultimately to prevention of this serious childhood disorder.
A New Payment System for Enhancing Location Privacy of Electric Vehicles (2013)

An electric vehicle (EV) is a promising and futuristic automobile propelled by electric motors, using electrical energy stored in batteries or another energy storage device. Due to the need for the battery to be recharged, the cars will be required to visit a recharging infrastructure very frequently. This may disclose the users' private information, such as their location and, thus, compromise users' privacy. In this paper, we propose a new payment system that is suitable for EVs. Our system not only supports privacy protection (location privacy) but supports traceability in the case where the cars are stolen as well. Our system can further support the future vehicle-to-grid (V2G) paradigm. In addition, we prove the security and produce a proof-of-concept prototype to enumerate our system.
Seismic Amplitude Interpretation (2001)

During the last 30 years, seismic interpreters have routinely applied bright spot and AVO technology for recognizing prospects and predicting lithology. New amplitude attributes were added to this technology as new exploration problems were defined. R&D continues in the field of amplitude interpretation, especially when E&P costs escalate as more severe environments are explored, such as the ultra-deepwater plays. With the high interest in reducing exploration risk, this course addresses the methodology of an amplitude interpretation and the subsequent benefits and limitations that one can expect in various rock-property settings. This book, originally produced for use with the fourth SEG∕EAGE Distinguished Instructor Short Course, begins with a review of relationships between rock properties and geophysical observations. Practical problems illustrate the assumptions and limitations of commonly used empirical transforms, and procedures for conducting and verifying fluid-substitution techniques are presented. The book identifies components of the seismic response best suited for differentiating pore fluid from lithologic effects. Field examples emphasize what combination of seismic signatures should be expected for different rock-property environments. To help select the best seismic attribute for calibrating amplitude to rock properties, rules of thumb are provided for predicting AVO responses and interpreting lithology from observed responses. A case history is also provided. The last part examines the numerous amplitude attributes that can be extracted from seismic data to quantify an interpretation. Benefits and limitations of these attributes in soft- to hard-rock environments are discussed with model data and in case histories.
Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons (1976)

Book Review| August 01 1976 Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. LOUIS J. CASARETT, DOULL JOHN. MacmillanNew York 1975 pp. 768, $23.95 L. YOUNG L. YOUNG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1976) 4 (4): 827–828. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0040827 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation L. YOUNG; Toxicology: The Basic Science of Poisons. Biochem Soc Trans 1 August 1976; 4 (4): 827–828. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0040827 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1976 Biochemical Society1976 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Laser-induced fluorescence spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons isolated in vapor-deposited n-alkane matrices (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser-induced fluorescence spectrometry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons isolated in vapor-deposited n-alkane matricesJon R. Maple, E. L. Wehry, and Gleb. MamantovCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 6, 920–924Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50056a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50056a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Common wireless communication services recognition for GSM, UMTS and LTE via synchronization channels detection (2009)

This paper discusses about design of common wireless communication services recognition for three different standards, i.e. global system for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS) or wide-band code division access (WCDMA), and long term evolution (LTE), also known well as 2G, 3G, and 3.9G respectively. To recognize them using a common system, we propose performing within synchronization channel detection since the similarity in cell search procedures i.e. always detect synchronization signals. To minimize resources, we prefer using autocorrelation to detect GSM and LTE synchronization signals and match filter for UMTS synchronization signal. However, it is not enough to distinguish each others. Therefore, we also propose to recognize the peak period of the autocorrelation output as a main concept to distinguish the standards. We design this system using symplify DSP tool and simulate in simulink. The simulations are performed within AWGN channel and show good performance even with 10 dB SNR. Moreover, FPGA implementation for target device Virtex 4 XC4VLX200, the proposed design can be implemented within 24171 look up tables (LUTs).
Numerical Computing with IEEE Floating Point Arithmetic (2001)

A broad overview of numerical computing, in a historical context, with a special focus on the IEEE standard for binary floating point arithmetic. Key ideas are developed step by step, taking the reader from floating point representation, correctly rounded arithmetic, and the IEEE philosophy on exceptions, to an understanding of the crucial concepts of conditioning and stability, explained in a simple yet rigorous context. There are technical details and challenging exercises that go beyond the subjects covered in the text.
Hysteresis Behavior of Texture in the Field-Induced Nematic-Cholesteric Relaxation (1977)

The effects of bias voltages on the field-induced nematic-cholesteric relaxation are investigated both for samples with perpendicular boundaries and for ones with parallel boundaries, and are discussed in relation to the hysteresis behavior of texture. When the applied voltage is reduced from a value above the threshold to a bias voltage below the threshold a relaxation from the field-induced nematic to a Grandjean-like cholesteric state occurs, the relaxation time of which increases as the bias voltage approaches a certain value Vc↓; the ratio of Vc↓ to the threshold voltage Vc for cholesteric-to-nematic transition is about 0.5 irrespective of the boundary conditions. When the bias exceeds Vc↓, the transformation shows a hysteresis behavior such that the nematic state is kept for a long time until gradually replaced by focal conic domains nucleating from some local defect points; the boundary condition is found to play no essential role in the hysteresis behavior. An interpretation of the results is presented.
Computer analysis of two‐dimensional gels: Automatic matching (1984)

Abstract A program which automatically mathches the spot patterns resolved on two‐dimensional gel electrophoretograms is described. The program does not require handmatched, landmark matches for initial alignment of the spot patterns. The matching algorithm is based on a hierarchical nearest neighbor analysis. Starting with the most intense spots in the two films, the program determines if spots are equivalent by attempting to match a list of all nearby spots (a “cluster”) from each film. “Clusters” are considered to be aligned if there is a low probability that the pairing of spots between them is due to a random process. The match is further tested by requiring that secondary clusters ( i. e. those clusters that surround the spots matched between the central clusters) can also be aligned. Pairings found by cluster matching are checked for consistency and matches that are out of alignment with the majority of other mathces are eliminated. Finally, the program tries to match the remaining spots by mapping the coordinates of an unmatched spot in one gel into the coordinate system of the other using the matched spots in the cluster as landmarks. The formulas used for the transformation allow for localized rotation and stretching of the coordinate systems. The accuracy and robustness of the program are discussed. If high quality gels are used, the program will find, on average, 95% of the spots that are mathcable between the gels, and requires about 4.3 seconds per mathch. Most of the errors are found at the extreme edges of the gels.
Effects of Mn doping on temperature-dependent magnetic properties of <i>L</i>1 FeMnPt (2011)

We report the effect of Mn doping on temperature-dependent magnetic properties of L10 FeMnPt (001) epitaxial films. (001) textured L10 Fe50−xMnxPt50 (x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 at. %) films were prepared by cosputtering Fe, Pt, and Mn onto MgO single crystal substrates at 550 °C. θ–2θ XRD scans indicated the lattice parameter c increased whereas the ordering parameter S decreased with Mn doping. The thermal magnetic properties measured using a superconducting quantum interference device showed that Curie temperature TC could be reduced to 500 K with 15 at. % Mn doping, but Ku was decreased to 1.6 × 107 erg/cm3. The relation of temperature-dependent anisotropy and saturation magnetization showed that it did not obey the Callen–Callen theory.
A Review of Temporal Data Visualizations Based on Space-Time Cube Operations (2014)

We review a range of temporal data visualization techniques through a new lens, by describing them as series of operations performed on a conceptual space-time cube. These operations include extracting subparts of a space-time cube, flattening it across space or time, or transforming the cube's geometry or content. We introduce a taxonomy of elementary space-time cube operations, and explain how they can be combined to turn a three-dimensional space-time cube into an easily-readable two-dimensional visualization. Our model captures most visualizations showing two or more data dimensions in addition to time, such as geotemporal visualizations, dynamic networks, time-evolving scatterplots, or videos. We finally review interactive systems that support a range of operations. By introducing this conceptual framework we hope to facilitate the description, criticism and comparison of existing temporal data visualizations, as well as encourage the exploration of new techniques and systems.
Enhancement of Electrical Conductivity in Silver Nanowire Network for Transparent Conducting Electrode using Copper Electrodeposition (2019)

Transparent conducting electrodes are essential components in various optoelectrical devices. Although indium tin oxide thin films have been widely used for transparent conducting electrodes, silver nanowire network is a promising alternative to indium tin oxide thin films owing to its lower processing cost and greater suitability for flexible device application. In order to widen the application of silver nanowire network, the electrical conductance has to be improved while maintaining high optical transparency. In this study, we report the enhancement of the electrical conductance of silver nanowire network transparent electrodes by copper electrodeposition on the silver nanowire networks. The electrodeposited copper lowered the sheet resistance of the silver nanowire networks from 21.9 Ω/□ to 12.6 Ω/□. We perform detailed X-ray diffraction analysis revealing the effect of the amount of electrodeposited copper-shell on the sheet resistance of the core-shell(silver/copper) nanowire network transparent electrodes. From the relationship between the cross-sectional area of the copper-shell and the sheet resistance of the transparent electrodes, we deduce the electrical resistivity of electrodeposited copper to be approximately 4.5 times that of copper bulk.