gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Context Capture and Distributed Video Arrays for Intelligent Spaces (2004)

Intelligent environments can be viewed as systems where humans and machines (rooms) collaborate. Intelligent (or smart) environments need to extract and maintain an awareness of a wide range of events and human activities occurring in these spaces. This requirement is crucial for supporting efficient and effective interactions among humans as well as humans and intelligent spaces. Visual information plays an important role for developing accurate and useful representation of the static and dynamic states of an intelligent environment. Accurate and efficient capture, analysis, and summarization of the dynamic context requires the vision system to work at multiple levels of semantic abstractions in a robust manner. In this paper, we present details of a long-term and ongoing research project, where indoor intelligent spaces endowed with a range of useful functionalities are designed, built, and systematically evaluated. Some of the key functionalities include: intruder detection; multiple person tracking; body pose and posture analysis; person identification; human body modeling and movement analysis; and for integrated systems for intelligent meeting rooms, teleconferencing, or performance spaces. The paper includes an overall system architecture to support design and development of intelligent environments. Details of panoramic (omnidirectional) video camera arrays, calibration, video stream synchronization, and real-time capture/processing are discussed. Modules for multicamera-based multiperson tracking, event detection and event based servoing for selective attention, voxelization, streaming face recognition, are also discussed. The paper includes experimental studies to systematically evaluate performance of individual video analysis modules as well as to evaluate basic feasibility of an integrated system for dynamic context capture and event based servoing, and semantic information summarization.
Fish Oil Supplementation Versus Gemfibrozil Treatment in Hyperlipidemic NIDDM (1996)

To compare the impact of dietary fish oil supplementation (FO, 22 ml daily, containing 4.6 g of n-3 (omega-3) fatty acids, equalling 14.4 mmol) on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism with that of conventional lipostatic therapy (Gemfibrozil (G), 900 mg daily, equalling 3.6 mmol) on hyperlipidemic non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), 10 patients were selected for a randomized, short-time, cross-over study. Each patient was treated for a duration of 2 weeks, with an individual washout period of 8 weeks. Metabolic variables and intravenous glucose tolerances (1.2 mmol/kg body weight, t = 30 min) were determined on days 1 and 15 of each treatment period. Plasma lipid concentrations were identical at baseline, but were reduced more markedly following G as against FO exposure (% change vs. baseline: total cholesterol (chol), - 13**/-6* (G vs FO: p = 0.05); total triglycerides (TG), -39**/-18** (p < 0.05); APO B, -17**/- 10* (N.S.); LDL-chol, -15**/0 (p < 0.02); VLDL-chol, -50***/- 34*** (N.S.); VLDL-TG, -44***/-27** (N.S.); (p vs. baseline: * < 0.05, ** < 0.01, *** < 0.001). Total-HDL, HDL2, HDL3 and APO A were not influenced by either FO or G. Neither FO nor G induced a change in intravenous glucose tolerances or associated basal and incremental concentrations of insulin and C-peptide. We concluded, based on short-time applications, that (a) neither treatment affected the carbohydrate metabolism in patients with NIDDM, and (b) a greater hypolipidemic efficacy had to be assigned to Gemfibrozil than to fish oil. It would therefore appear that Gemfibrozil acts as a useful lipostatic pharmacologic compound, whilst fish oil could serve as a potential ingredient of a prudent cardio-protective diet which favours the low plasma triglyceride concentrations found in NIDDM patients.
The Effects of Leptin Administration in Non‐obese Human Subjects (2001)

ANS responses to changes in energy metabolism found when food intake and body weight are altered were not found in these never-obese subjects given leptin for 6 days. Although exogenous leptin administration has profound effects on food intake and energy metabolism in animals genetically deprived of leptin, we found it to have no demonstrable effect on energy metabolism in never-obese humans. The effects of longer periods of administration to obese individuals and to those who have lost weight demand additional investigation.
Loop optimization for aggregate array computations (2002)

An aggregate array computation is a loop that computes accumulated quantities over array elements. Such computations are common in programs that use arrays, and the array elements involved in such computations often overlap, especially across iterations of loops, resulting in significant redundancy in the overall computation. The paper presents a method and algorithms that eliminate such overlapping aggregate array redundancies and shows both analytical and experimental performance improvements. The method is based on incrementalization, i.e., updating the values of aggregate array computations from iteration to iteration rather than computing them from scratch in each iteration. This involves maintaining additional information not maintained in the original program. The authors reduce various analysis problems to solving inequality constraints on loop variables and array subscripts, and they apply results from work on array data dependence analysis. Incrementalizing aggregate array computations produces drastic program speedup compared to previous optimizations. Previous methods for loop optimizations of arrays do not perform incrementalization, and previous techniques for loop incrementalization do not handle arrays.
Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms in Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (2000)

Susceptibility to the autoimmune thyroid diseases, Graves' disease (GD) and autoimmune hypothyroidism (AIH), depends on a complex interaction between environmental and genetic factors. The human leukocyte antigen and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated-4 regions appear to influence susceptibility to disease, but the effect is not major, and the other genes remain unknown. Cytokines are crucial in the regulation of immune and inflammatory responses and therefore are potential candidate genes for autoimmune thyroid disease. In a case-control study, using a unified method of genotyping, we have examined 15 polymorphisms in 9 cytokine genes in 215 patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (GD, 138; AIH, 77) and 101 normal controls. Polymorphisms in the genes for interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), IL-1beta, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-1 receptor 1, IL-4, IL-4 receptor, IL-6, IL-10, and transforming growth factor-beta were investigated. Genotyping was performed using the PCR and sequence-specific primers. Analysis showed a reduced frequency of the variant t allele in the IL-4 promoter polymorphism (position 590) in patients with GD and in the entire patient group (GD and AIH) compared with the control group [corrected P (Pc) = 0.00004 and Pc < 0.00001 for GD and all patients, respectively]. This was reflected in a reduction in the heterozygote genotype in the patient groups compared to the controls [c/t heterozygotes GD, 12%; Pc = 0.06, odds ratio, 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.7); all patients, 11%; Pc = 0.008; odds ratio, 0.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.2-0.7); control subjects, 23%]. There were no significant differences between the study groups for the other polymorphisms examined, and subgroup analysis revealed no association with clinical parameters of disease. These results suggest that an IL-4 variant or a closely linked gene has a modest protective effect against the development of autoimmune thyroid disease, particularly GD. This variation in the IL-4 gene may provide further clues to the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease and other organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, these results suggest that subtle variation in immunoregulatory genes may be associated with autoimmune disease states.
Lipolytic diathermy (1985)

Lipolytic diathermy may be used to contour the eyelids by sculpting prolapsed orbital fat with great accuracy. It obviates the risk of retrobulbar hemorrhage. It is less uncomfortable for the patient than the standard clamping-cutting-cauterizing technique. After performing 52 cases, this technique has not produced one case of retrobulbar hemorrhage orectropion. However, care must be taken to avoid creatinga deep lid sulcus by overzealous lipolytic diathermy.
MIMO indoor propagation prediction using 3D shoot-and-bounce ray (SBR) tracing technique for 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz (2011)

The performance of voice, video and data streaming applications using the recently developed standard 802.11n with its MIMO antenna options, strongly depends on the nature of the environment. Although many authors have provided evidence on the effectiveness of this technology in field strength distribution, throughput or propagation-simulation environments, work linking all of these parameters is limited. This paper provides a comparison of metrics for a 2×3 dual-band MIMO system operating at 2.4 and 5 GHz in a typical office building, obtained using a commercial wireless router. The measurements are consistent with simulation results obtained using a 3D Shoot and Bounce Ray (SBR) software. Predictions of the radio propagation over an area of around 1600 m2 required an evaluation time of less than 1 hour in a single processor computer for both frequencies. Agreement between predicted and measured Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values are acceptable, with the conclusion that such simulation methods provide an accurate, affordable and time efficient alternative to measurements for the investigation, modelling and planning of WLAN networks using MIMO technologies.
Collaborative Email-Spam Filtering with the Hashing-Trick (2009)

This paper delves into a recently proposed technique for collaborative spam filtering [7] that facilitates personalization with finite-sized memory guarantees. In large scale open membership email systems most users do not label enough messages for an individual local classifier to be effective, while the data is too noisy to be used for a global filter across all users. Our hybrid global/individual classifier is particularly effective at absorbing the influence of users who label emails very differently from the general public – because of strange taste or malicious intent. We can accomplish this while still providing sufficient classifier quality to users with few labeled instances. Our proposed technique can be used with a variety of classifiers and can be implemented in a few lines of code. We verify the efficacy of our proposed technique on a popular web spam benchmark data set. 1.
Digital Implementation Method for Synchronous PWM Control of GaN Transistor at Zero-Crossing of Totem-Pole PFC in Energy Storage Applications (2020)

A digital control scheme for GaN transistor-based totem pole power factor correction (PFC) is proposed in this paper. At the zero crossing, the totem pole PFC has a discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) current section because of its driving method and circuit structure. In the DCM current section, when a typical synchronous switching technique is applied, the inductor current is reduced to less than zero, thereby reducing efficiency. Moreover, because of the nature of the circuit, power may be transferred in reverse. To prevent this, a new synchronous switch technique using the cycle by cycle (CBC) trip function of the digital signal processor (DSP) is proposed. This proposed technique turns off the synchronization switch according to the set DCM level. Consequently, even at a low DCM level, the inductor current is clamped to zero, enabling stable synchronous switching.
<i>I</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> x-ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of GaAs grown by atomic layer epitaxy (1989)

We carried out an in situ investigation of GaAs grown by atomic layer epitaxy, using an x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system combined with a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth chamber, where Ga(CH3)3 and AsH3 were the source gases. It has been proved that Ga(CH3)n molecules (where n=1 or 2) are decomposed into Ga atoms after being adsorbed on the GaAs surface around 500 °C. This means that the self-limited adsorption of Ga in the atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs can be achieved on the surface where the Ga adsorbate is atomic Ga.
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation: Characterization with time‐resolved ultrafast 3D MR angiography (2001)

To avoid potentially deadly consequences from paradoxical emboli, early detection and accurate characterization of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is highly desirable. We report on a patient with a suspected pulmonary AVM who underwent ultrafast time-resolved 3D MR angiography of the pulmonary arteries. The case documents the suitability of the MRA technique as a noninvasive alternative to computed tomographic angiography and digital subtraction angiography for accurate pre-therapeutic characterization of pulmonary AVMs.
Resolution enhancement of multispectral image data to improve classification accuracy (1993)

This study evaluated several methods for enhancing the spatial resolution of multispectral images using a higher resolution panchromatic image. A new method that relies on the local correlation between the low resolution superpixel and the corresponding mean panchromatic radiance is presented. High resolution multispectral images are produced based on the local correlation value and the high resolution panchromatic brightness levels. This method allows for within-pixel local adaptation of the correlation values to account for mixed pixel effects.
Properties of Pure and Doped Bi12GeO2oand Bi12SiO20 Crystals (1986)

Bi12GeO20 (BGO) and Bi12SiO20 (BSO) single crystals doped with Al, Ga, P, Pb, Or, Nd, Zn, Fe, and Eu are grown from the melt in good optical quality. The segregation coefficients of the dopants range from 0.1 to 5. The undoped crystals are yellow; Al, Ga, and P bleach the crystals and increase their dark conductivity. The bleaching of these Bi12MO20 crystals can be explained by assuming a transformation of the absorption center (Bi + h) to B3+M with dopant P, and to B3+M with dopants Ga or Al. The photoconductive behavior, thermally stimulated currents, photolumines-cence at T = 1.3K, thermal expansion, heat capacity, and breaking strength of these crystals are also determined. Bi12GeO20 (BGO)- und Bi12SiO20 (BSO)-Einkristalle mit A1-, Ga-, P-, Pb-, Cr-, Nd-, Zn-, Fe- und Eu-Dotierungen werden in guter optischer Qualität aus der Schmelze gezogen. Die Einbauzahlen der Dotierstoffe liegen zwischen ca. 0,1 und 5. Die undotierten Kristalle sind gelb; Al, Ga und auch P entfärben den Kristall und erhöhen die Dunkelleitfähigkeit. Die Entfärbung der Bi12MO20-Kristalle wird mit einer Wandlung des Absorptionszentrums (Bi + ) in Bi bei P-Dotierung und in Bi3+M bei Ga- und Al-Dotierung erklärt. Außerdem werden das Fotoleitungsverhalten, thermisch stimulierte Ströme, die Fotolnmineszenzspektren bei T = 1,3 K, die thermische Aus-dehnung, Wärmekapazität und mechanische Bruchfestigkeit der Kristalle bestimmt.
In vivo measurement of lead in bone using X-ray fluorescence (1985)

The factors affecting the accuracy and minimum detectable concentration of in vivo tibia lead measurement are discussed, and it is demonstrated that the use of a 109Cd source in a backscatter geometry and using the 88 keV coherently scattered photon for normalisation optimizes both criteria. The measurement is shown to be independent of variations in source-sample distance, thickness of overlying tissue and tibia size and shape. Applying the same technique in vitro to samples of human tibia and metatarsals, it is shown that the results are not significantly different (p approximately equal to 0.9) from atomic absorption spectrometry results from another laboratory. The results of Monte Carlo dose distribution calculations are presented and compared with measurements using thermoluminescent dosemeters: the mean absorbed dose to a 20 cm leg section is less than 0.1 mGy (10 mrad) and the maximum absorbed skin dose is 0.45 mGy (45 mrad). For this dose the minimum detectable lead concentration is 10 micrograms g-1. Finally, the technique has been applied to groups of normals and occupationally exposed workers, and the means have been shown to be significantly different, namely 10 and 31 micrograms g-1 respectively. In the normal subjects tibia lead correlated strongly with age (r = 0.63, p less than 0.001).
Exploitation of Diagnostic Computed Tomography Scans to Assess the Impact of Nutrition Support on Body Composition Changes in Respiratory Failure Patients (2013)

CT scans can be exploited to assess change in body composition in ICU patients and may assist in detecting the causal link between nutritional support and outcomes in future clinical trials.
Selective Catalytic Dimerization of Neohexene by [Cp*Ti(NP<sup>t</sup>Bu<sub>3</sub>)Me][B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (2008)

The known titanium alkyl cation [Cp*Ti(NPtBu3)Me][B(C6F5)4], supported by a bulky phosphinimide donor, was found to react with 3 equiv of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene (neohexene) to generate another alkyl cation in which the alkyl group is derived from two dimerized equivalents of the substrate olefin. This species, 1, was characterized in detail by spectroscopic methods and via X-ray crystallographic determinations of two of its derivatives, the THF adduct (2) and the neutral chloride derivative 3 formed upon addition of Cl− to 1. Detailed mechanistic experiments suggest 1 is formed via insertion of neohexene into the Ti−Me bond of [Cp*Ti(NPtBu3)Me][B(C6F5)4] to give a detectable intermediate (4), which was characterized spectroscopically. Cation 4 reacts in a σ-bond metathesis reaction with the olefinic C−H bond trans to the tert-butyl group of another equivalent of neohexene to form an undetected cationic vinyl intermediate, which rapidly inserts a third equivalent of neohexene to generate 1. Deuterium labeling studies are consistent with this mechanistic picture. Compound 1 is the resting state of a catalytic cycle for dimerization of neohexene; under catalytic conditions (95 °C, [neohexene] = 1.1 M, 1.2−2.1 mol% 1), clean conversion of neohexene to (E)-2,2,5,6,6-pentamethylhept-3-ene was observed, with total turnovers of 44—78.
Interpretation of dose-response curves for luteinizing hormone release by gonadotropin-releasing hormone, related peptides, and leukotriene C4 according to a hormone/receptor/effector model. (1986)

The dose-response curves for pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) release in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and its agonists are unusually broad. It appears, however, that these ligands bind to a single class of receptors. It is shown that these dose-response data can be explained by either of two models in which ligand-receptor complexes stimulate LH secretion by interacting with either of two different effector systems or by interacting with a single effector system but forming monomeric and dimeric active effector complexes. A combination of these two basic models can account for the very broad, biphasic dose-response curve reported for LH release in response to leukotriene C4.
NOX2 oxidase expressed in endosomes exacerbates influenza pathogenicity (2016)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) promote influenza pathogenicity by an unknown mechanism. Our aims were to determine 1) the site and enzymatic source of subcellular ROS generation and 2) the impact of ROS on the pathogenesis of virus infection. To do this, confocal microscopy was used to assess the subcellular distribution of viruses, toll-like receptors (TLRs) and NOX2, and to assess endosomal ROS production in human and mouse macrophages infected with various ssRNA, dsRNA and dsDNA viruses. Mice were infected intranasally with influenza A virus (Hong Kong X-31 strain, 10<sup>5</sup> PFUs) for assessments of airway inflammation, viral titers, cytokine expression and serum antibody levels. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to mutate cysteine residues to alanine on TLR7 for assessments of oxidatively modified receptor. Evidently, NOX2 co-located with virus and TLR7 resulting in an increase in endosomal ROS production after the internalization of the ssRNA and DNA viruses into endocytic compartments. NOX2 oxidase activation was dependent on endosomal acidification and the engagement of TLR7 for ssRNA viruses or TLR9 for DNA viruses. NOX2-dependent endosomal H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> caused modification of crucial cysteine residues on the ectodomain of TLR7, resulting in suppression of anti-viral cytokine expression. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of NOX2 significantly suppressed airway inflammation and viral titers following influenza A virus infection. Also, serum and airway IgA and total IgG were significantly higher in NOX2<sup>-/y</sup> mice compared to control. In conclusion, activation of endosomal NOX2 oxidase suppresses fundamental components of viral immunity, and this has major implications for the treatment of virus infections.
Implementing C designs in hardware: a full-featured ANSI C to RTL Verilog compiler in action (2002)

The usage of a new full-featured ANSI C to synthesizable RTL Verilog compiler for implementing system-level algorithms in hardware is described. The compiler automatically creates multiple Verilog state machines for loops, on-chip register and arithmetic macros, and external memory interfaces. A two-pass compile interfacing with a synthesis tool allows insertion of registers and wait states to balance propagation delays for maximum performance. This design methodology is demonstrated using several compression-decompression, prime number, and sorting algorithms. Compiled RTL Verilog designs have been synthesized into FPGAs and ASICs. The compression-decompression algorithm executes in nearly one quarter the clock cycles using hardware versus software on a PentiumPro. This cycle efficiency is due to variable storage in simple registers, clock packing techniques, and functional level parallelism. Efficient clock packing is demonstrated with a prime number generator algorithm which executes in 25x fewer clock cycles compared to Pentium software execution.
A fundamental study of the determination of serum bilirubin by the method of Jendrassik and Cleghorn (1981)

従来の血清ビリルビンの分画定量法で不明確な点は,(1)総ビリルビンとして反応させたときの,抱合型ビリルビンに対する促進剤の効果,(2)抱合型ビリルビンとして反応させたときの,遊離型ビリルビンへの影響,(3)抱合型,遊離型両者のアゾ色素の濃度と吸光度の関係などであった.今回,自製の抱合型ビリルビンと市販の遊離型ビリルビンを用いて検討した結果,これらの不明な点が解明されJendrassik-Cleghorn法を一部改めて使用することにより,精度よく測定することができるようになった.
Ultrahigh Carrier Mobility Achieved in Photoresponsive Hybrid Perovskite Films via Coupling with Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2017)

Organolead trihalide perovskites have drawn substantial interest for photovoltaic and optoelectronic applications due to their remarkable physical properties and low processing cost. However, perovskite thin films suffer from low carrier mobility as a result of their structural imperfections such as grain boundaries and pinholes, limiting their device performance and application potential. Here we demonstrate a simple and straightforward synthetic strategy based on coupling perovskite films with embedded single‐walled carbon nanotubes. We are able to significantly enhance the hole and electron mobilities of the perovskite film to record‐high values of 595.3 and 108.7 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , respectively. Such a synergistic effect can be harnessed to construct ambipolar phototransistors with an ultrahigh detectivity of 3.7 × 10 14 Jones and a responsivity of 1 × 10 4 A W −1 , on a par with the best devices available to date. The perovskite/carbon nanotube hybrids should provide a platform that is highly desirable for fields as diverse as optoelectronics, solar energy conversion, and molecular sensing.
Transitional Atom Format (2005)

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