gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Modular Process Modeling Tool for the Analysis of Energy Use and Cost in the Pulp and Paper Industry (2006)

A novel process modeling tool to facilitate the study of how various process changes in the paper dryer section affect the mill-wide energy system has been developed. A model library with steady-state block models describing paper dryers, heat recovery equipment, and auxiliary systems on component level have been developed using the software Extend. Process models are then created from these block models using graphical programming. In this article, the characteristics of the developed tool are described and a case study where the tool is shown to be useful for analyzing the energy performance of a hybrid dryer section is presented.
Bayesian modeling of dynamic scenes for object detection (2005)

Accurate detection of moving objects is an important precursor to stable tracking or recognition. In this paper, we present an object detection scheme that has three innovations over existing approaches. First, the model of the intensities of image pixels as independent random variables is challenged and it is asserted that useful correlation exists in intensities of spatially proximal pixels. This correlation is exploited to sustain high levels of detection accuracy in the presence of dynamic backgrounds. By using a nonparametric density estimation method over a joint domain-range representation of image pixels, multimodal spatial uncertainties and complex dependencies between the domain (location) and range (color) are directly modeled. We propose a model of the background as a single probability density. Second, temporal persistence is proposed as a detection criterion. Unlike previous approaches to object detection which detect objects by building adaptive models of the background, the foreground is modeled to augment the detection of objects (without explicit tracking) since objects detected in the preceding frame contain substantial evidence for detection in the current frame. Finally, the background and foreground models are used competitively in a MAP-MRF decision framework, stressing spatial context as a condition of detecting interesting objects and the posterior function is maximized efficiently by finding the minimum cut of a capacitated graph. Experimental validation of the proposed method is performed and presented on a diverse set of dynamic scenes.
Aza-Wittig Polymerization: A Simple Method for the Synthesis of Regioregular Poly(azomethine)s (2008)

Fully regioregular π-conjugated poly(azomethine)s (9a−d) were successfully synthesized via aza-Wittig polymerization from an AB monomer system. The obtained regioregular poly(azomethine)s showed moderate solubility in common organic solvents such as CHCl3, THF, and toluene. In the UV−vis absorption spectra, polymer 9c displayed absorption maximum of the longer wavelength at 425 nm and a large red shift of 95 nm relative to the absorption maximum of the model compound 14 (λmax = 330 nm) in dilute CHCl3 solution, indicating the extension of the π-delocalization length of polymer 9c via the AB-type π-conjugated poly(azomethine) backbone. In the solid state, UV−vis absorption spectra and XRD data revealed that these regioregular poly(azomethine)s have higher crystallinity values compared to those for the regiorandom poly(azomethine)s.
Steady-state energy exchange between writing beams controlled by an external electric field during hologram formation in KNbO<sub>3</sub> (1980)

An investigation was made of the dependence of the steady-state energy exchange between writing beams on the period of a holographic grating in reduced KNbO3 crystals and on an external electric field applied to these crystals. A modification in the energy exchange in an external field was observed for the first time. This effect was attributed to a drift mechanism of hologram recording when the quasineutrality condition was not obeyed. The experimental results were described using the theory of Kukhtarev and Vinetskil.
Diffraction of axisymmetric waves in a borehole by bed boundary discontinuities (1984)

Abstract This paper presents the calculation of the diffraction of axisymmetric borehole waves by bed boundary discontinuities. The bed boundary is assumed to be horizontal and the inhomogeneities to be axially symmetric. In such a geometry, an axially symmetric source will produce only axially symmetric waves. Since the borehole is an open structure, the mode spectrum consists of a discrete part as well as a continuum. The scattering of a continuum of waves by bed boundaries is difficult to treat. The approach used in the past in treating this class of problem has been approximate in nature, or highly numerical, such as the finite-element method. We present here a systematic way to approximate the continuum of modes by discrete modes. After discretization, the scattering problem can be treated simply. Since the approach is systematic, it allows derivation of the solution to any desired degree of accuracy in theory; but in practice, it is limited by the computational resources available. We also show that our approach is variational and satisfies both the reciprocity theorem and energy conservation.
A 0.5-1V Input Event-Driven Multiple Digital Low-Dropout-Regulator System for Supporting a Large Digital Load (2019)

Recent digital low-dropout regulators have demonstrated competitive load regulation performance for a digital load even with a low input voltage. However, few existing regulator designs have investigated into supporting a spatially large load with realistic grid parasitics. This paper presents a system consisting of nine digital low-drop-out regulators based on event-driven control for better supporting such load. At 0.5V (1V) input, our prototype improves the load regulation FoM by 3.9X (9.1X) and current density by 8.7X (2.8X) over the prior state of the arts [1, 3, 4].
Air-stable ambipolar organic thin-film transistors based on an organic homostructure (2005)

Ambipolar organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on a fluorinated copper phthalocyanine (F16CuPc)∕copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) homostructure layer were fabricated and characterized. The homostructure TFTs showed typical air-stable ambipolar characteristics, with hole and electron mobilities of 1.44×10−3 and 9.97×10−4cm2∕Vs, respectively, which are comparable to unipolar mobilities in these single-layer devices. X-ray diffraction analysis suggests highly ordered F16CuPc and CuPc polycrystalline thin films could be continuously grown via an intermediate-phase layer in the homostructure.
Phosphorus Atomic Layers Promoting the Chemisorption of Highly Polarizable Transition Metallorganics (2002)

A unique method to deposit an atomic layer of phosphorus to promote the chemisorption of metallorganics on oxide layers is presented. The atomic layer is produced by the deposition of a thicker layer of phosphorus on SiO2 by plasma decomposition of phosphine followed by annealing at 255 °C to sublime all but the single layer of phosphorus bonded to the SiO2 surface. This approach is found to be useful to promote the chemisorption of precursors such as palladium(II) hexafluoroacetylacetonate on dielectric oxides and has implications for the wetting and adhesion between highly polarizable metals and dielectric surfaces.
Leading and reflecting with open dialogue (2015)

When it came to writing an article for the PENZ journal, I was left wondering 'what would physical education teachers throughout New Zealand want to hear about from me?' I must admit I was a little stumped, so I asked myself 'what would I like to read about?' Personally, I would like to hear from a range of teachers sharing their experiences about anything that they are learning or experiencing in their job. With that in mind, I will share with you some things that I have been thinking about recently.
Fixed Bed Adsorption of Drugs on Silica Aerogel from Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solutions (2013)

Supercritical adsorption coupled with the high adsorption capacity of silica aerogel allows the preparation of a new kind of delivery systems of poor water soluble drugs. In order to overcome drawbacks of conventional techniques where the use of liquid solvents can cause the fracture of aerogel porous structure, in this work a new adsorption process of drugs from a supercritical mixture is proposed. Adsorption takes place from a fluid solution of the drug in supercritical CO 2 and ethanol as cosolvent. A fixed bed adsorption plant has been developed to allow fast mixing of fluid phase and effective contact in the adsorption column. The use of ethanol as cosolvent allows to overcome the limitation of supercritical adsorption due to low solubility of many drugs in supercritical CO 2 . Adsorption isotherms were measured for one-model substance, nimesulide, at 40°C, and breakthrough curve was experimentally obtained. The drug loading of the drug into silica aerogel was up to 9 wt%. The drug composite was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, and release kinetics of the adsorbed drug were also evaluated by in vitro dissolution tests. The dissolution of nimesulide from loaded aerogel is much faster than dissolution of crystalline nimesulide. Around 80% of nimesulide dissolves from the aerogel within 6 minutes, whereas dissolving 80% of the crystalline drug takes about 90 min.
Taxol and Derivatives: A Biogenetic Hypothesis (1987)

Based on the structural differences of compounds isolated from various species of Taxus, this brief review suggests a biogenetic approach to taxol. This hypothesis could be of some help in the synthesis of this complex molecule exhibiting significant antitumor properties.
A Three‐Dimensional Finite Element Stress Analysis of Angled Abutments for an Implant Placed in the Anterior Maxilla (1995)

In general, there was an increase in the magnitude of stress and strain as the abutment angulation increased. Reported stresses and strains for all three angles were within or slightly above the physiological zone derived from animal studies. A need to investigate the response of human bone to stress and strain was indicated.
Metalloproteinases regulate parietal endoderm differentiating and migrating in cultured mouse embryos (1997)

Extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion and proteolysis play important roles in embryonic development. In previous work (Behrendtsen et al. [1992] Development 114:447–456) we showed that gelatinase B activity is rate-limiting for trophoblast-mediated invasion and degradation of ECM in culture. In the present study, we show that metalloproteinases (MMPs) have distinct roles in migration along ECM as opposed to invasion through ECM. We investigated the role of ECM proteolysis in the differentiation and migration of parietal endoderm (PE), the first embryonic migratory cell type, adhering to ECM surfaces. Gelatinase B was the major MMP of PE; mRNA and protein were detected in PE of 7.5- and 8.5-day embryos. Using cultures of inner cell masses (ICMs) isolated from mouse blastocysts, we found that inhibitors of metalloproteinases, specifically, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and a peptide hydroxamic acid stimulated outgrowth and differentiation of PE from ICMs cultured on fibronectin, but inhibitors of plasminogen activators did not. TIMP-1 increased the number of PE cells and mean distance migrated and increased expression of the PE differentiation marker vimentin; the increase in cell number was not at the expense of other cell types. The stimulatory effect of TIMP-1 was most marked on low concentrations of substrate fibronectin, decreasing as concentrations of fibronectin increased. TIMP-1 also stimulated the outgrowth of PE in blastocyst cultures and in ICM/trophectoderm co-cultures; in ICM/trophectoderm co-cultures TIMP-1 stimulated PE differentiation on higher concentrations of fibronectin than was permissive for ICMs cultured alone. These data indicate that metalloproteinase inhibitors preserved the migration-inducing status of the ECM. We conclude that metalloproteinases have distinct roles in invasive activity through ECM barriers and migratory activity along ECM surfaces. Dev. Dyn. 208:255–265 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluation and improvement of Boolean comparison method based on binary decision diagrams (2003)

R.E. Bryant proposed a method to handle logic expressions (IEEE Trans. Comp., vol.25, no.8, p.667-91, 1986) which is based on binary decision diagrams (BDD) with restriction; variable ordering ix fixed throughout a diagram. The method is more efficient than other methods proposed so far and depends heavily on variable ordering. A simple but powerful algorithm for variable ordering is developed. The algorithm tries to find a variable ordering which minimizes the number of crosspoints of nets when the circuit diagram is drawn. This is applied to the Boolean comparison of ISCAS benchmark circuits for test pattern generation. The results show that binary decision diagrams (BDD) with the proposed ordering method can verify almost all benchmark circuits in less than several central processor unit (CPU) minutes, which is one hundred times (or more) faster than times reported in the literature. Some techniques for circuit evaluation ordering are also mentioned.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Compound Synthesis of Threshold-Logic Network for the Realization of General Boolean Functions (1965)

This paper deals with the problem of compound synthesis of threshold-logic network, or of realizing a general Boolean function with a number of threshold-logic elements. Some basic theorems concerning the expression of a general Boolean function as a combination of a number of threshold functions are presented. The general structure of a network of m threshold-logic elements is analyzed in light of the basic theorems and properties of threshold functions. The properties of isobaric threshold functions are discussed and are utilized for compound synthesis. Methods for decomposing a function into a sum or product of unate functions and into a sum or product of threshold functions are developed. A synthesis procedure conforming with the general structure of a network of threshold-logic elements is given. A simplified synthesis procedure, which needs less cut and trial than the original procedure and is, therefore, more practical, is also presented. Some special situations are discussed. Examples are worked out to show the decomposition of functions, and to illustrate the synthesis method.
Synthesis of <i>p</i>-Acyl Analogs of Chloramphenicol and Their Antimicrobial Properties (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of p-Acyl Analogs of Chloramphenicol and Their Antimicrobial PropertiesMaximilian. von Strandtmann, George. Bobowski, and John. ShavelCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 888–890Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00317a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Localized in vivo human <sup>1</sup>H MRS at very short echo times (2004)

Abstract A new point‐resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) sequence was developed that allows localized human proton MR spectra to be acquired at echo times (TEs) of 10 ms or less. The method was implemented on a 4 Tesla Varian research console and a clinical 3 Tesla Siemens Trio scanner. Human brain spectra acquired in vivo from the prefrontal cortex at TE = 8 ms showed improved signals from coupled resonances (such as glutamate, glutamine, and myo‐inositol) compared to spectra acquired at TE = 30 ms. These improvements should result in more accurate quantitation of these metabolites. Magn Reson Med 52:898–901, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fog-3 gene and regulation of cell fate in the germ line of Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, germ cells normally adopt one of three fates: mitosis, spermatogenesis or oogenesis. We have identified and characterized the gene fog-3, which is required for germ cells to differentiate as sperm rather than as oocytes. Analysis of double mutants suggests that fog-3 is absolutely required for spermatogenesis and acts at the end of the regulatory hierarchy controlling sex determination for the germ line. By contrast, mutations in fog-3 do not alter the sexual identity of other tissues. We also have characterized the null phenotype of fog-1, another gene required for spermatogenesis; we demonstrate that it too controls the sexual identity of germ cells but not of other tissues. Finally, we have studied the interaction of these two fog genes with gld-1, a gene required for germ cells to undergo oogenesis rather than mitosis. On the basis of these results, we propose that germ-cell fate might be controlled by a set of inhibitory interactions among genes that specify one of three fates: mitosis, spermatogenesis or oogenesis. Such a regulatory network would link the adoption of one germ-cell fate to the suppression of the other two.
Changes in local cerebral blood flow following bilateral carotid occlusion in spontaneously hypertensive and normotensive rats. (1981)

Local blood flow in the cortex and thalamus was measured by the hydrogen clearance method in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (NTR) before and after bilateral carotid occlusion. There were no differences in the resting blood flow values between SHR and NTR. Following carotid occlusion cortical blood flow in SHR was markedly reduced to 17% of the resting level at 1 h and, further, to less than 10% at 3--5 h period, while in NTR it decreased only to 36--38% during 5 h occlusion. Thalamic blood flow in SHR was decreased to 39% at 1 hr and to below 20% at 3--5 h, while in NTR it remained approximately 40% of the resting level during 5 h occlusion. The blood flow reduction in either cortex or thalamus after carotid occlusion was much greater in SHR than in NTR. This difference was highly significant. The increased cerebral vascular resistance caused by persistent hypertension may play an important role in a greater reduction of blood flow in SHR after carotid occlusion. Relation of the blood flow reduction to the brain metabolism is discussed.
Metal‐Free Synthesis of Cyclic and Acyclic Carbonates from CO<sub>2</sub> and Alcohols (2014)

Abstract Diverse cyclic and acyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, glycerol carbonate, and dimethyl carbonate were synthesized in moderate to good yields by the direct coupling of the corresponding alcohols with carbon dioxide in the absence of metal catalysts and inorganic bases. The direct carbonation mechanism of alcohols in the presence of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene, 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, and dibromomethane was probed by 18 O‐labeling experiments and chiral alcohol experiments.
Speed and effectiveness of windowless GaAs étalons as optical logic gates (1986)

The effectiveness of surface recombination in speeding up the relaxation of a GaAs étalon is reported. Various thickness (1.5, 0.5, 0.3, 0.13 μm) bulk GaAs windowless samples were fabricated and tested as optical logic gates. Times for complete recovery of transmission lie between 400 and 30 ps. The response shows a roughly linear increase in speed as the sample thickness decreases, consistent with surface recombination being the dominant relaxation mechanism. A very fast cycle time of 70 ps is demonstrated using a 0.3-μm-thick windowless GaAs étalon as an all-optical logic device. Proton-bombarded samples show slower recovery and poorer contrast, and they require more gating energy.
A Gne knockout mouse expressing human GNE D176V mutation develops features similar to distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles or hereditary inclusion body myopathy (2007)

Distal myopathy with rimmed vacuoles (DMRV) or hereditary inclusion body myopathy (hIBM) is an early adult-onset distal myopathy caused by mutations in the UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase/N-acetylmannosamine kinase (GNE) gene which encodes for a bifunctional enzyme involved in sialic acid biosynthesis. It is pathologically characterized by the presence of rimmed vacuoles (RVs), especially in atrophic fibers, which also occasionally contain congophilic materials that are immunoreactive to beta-amyloid, lysosomal proteins, ubiquitin and tau proteins. To elucidate the pathomechanism of this myopathy and to explore treatment options, we generated a mouse model of DMRV/hIBM. We knocked out the Gne gene in mice but this resulted in embryonic lethality. We therefore generated a transgenic mouse that expressed the human GNE D176V mutation, which is one of the most prevalent mutations among Japanese DMRV patients, and crossed this with Gne(+/-) mice to obtain Gne(-/-)hGNED176V-Tg. Interestingly, these mice exhibit marked hyposialylation in serum, muscle and other organs. Reduction in motor performance in these mice can only be seen from 30 weeks of age. A compelling finding is the development of beta-amyloid deposition in myofibers by 32 weeks, which clearly precedes RV formation at 42 weeks. These results show that the Gne(-/-)hGNED176V-Tg mouse mimics the clinical, histopathological and biochemical features of DMRV/hIBM, making it useful for understanding the pathomechanism of this myopathy and for employing different strategies for therapy. Our findings underscore the notion that hyposialylation plays an important role in the pathomechanism of DMRV/hIBM.
Characterization of a micromachined thermal shear stress sensor (2001)

This paper presents the characterization of a silicon micromachined thermal shear stress sensor for quantitative turbulence measurements. Static sensitivity data at multiple overheat ratios (11 mV/Pa at an overheat of 1.0), pressure sensitivity spectra (<1 tiV/Pa noise floor spectra (100 nV/^Hz) and direct, in-situ dynamic calibration data (up to 7 kHz) are presented. These calibrations were performed under constant current excitation using a four-point probe measurement to isolate the response of the sensor from the external biasing circuitry.