gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biochemical and immunochemical analysis of gangliosides of human small cell lung carcinoma: production of monoclonal antibodies against a unique marker of small cell lung carcinoma, ganglioside Fuc GM1. (1988)

Immunization of mice with a pure preparation of the ganglioside adsorbed on Salmonella typhimurium and hybridization of splenocytes with myeloma P3-X63-Ag 8.653 have resulted in hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies against ganglioside Fuc GM1, a marker of human small cell lung carcinoma. Characterization of four hybridomal clones and data on the antigenic specificity of the monoclonal antibodies are given. All four monoclonal antibodies reacted only with Fuc GM1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In radioimmunodetection of the antigen on thin-layer plates, two of the four monoclonal antibodies gave cross-reactions with Fuc GD1b. The obtained monoclonal antibodies have revealed the presence of Fuc GM1 in all seven cases of small cell lung carcinoma we have studied and the absence of Fuc GM1 in the normal human lung tissue and in lung adenocarcinomas.
PNIPAM microgels for biomedical applications: from dispersed particles to 3D assemblies (2011)

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel is perhaps the most well-known intelligent soft nanomaterial. Combining the strengths of hydrogel and nanoparticles, with unique stimuli-responsivity, PNIPAM microgels have found numerous biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, biosensing, and so on. Usually they were used as dispersed particles, however, they can also be used as building blocks to fabricate 2D films and 3D aggregates. These nanostructured assemblies exhibit new properties which the dispersed particles do not have, and new biomedical applications have been found for these assemblies. In this paper, the biomedical applications of PNIPAM microgels in the form of dispersed particles, 2D films and 3D aggregates were reviewed and some recent progress in this area was highlighted.
The first solid state qubit (2002)

The proposal of quantum information processing has shown us the first serious possibility, though still limited in applications, to break away from the traditional spell that has been binding integration scale and processing power for some time. The qubit (quantum bit), the basic element of quantum information processing, consists of a quantum two-level system that can be brought to a superposition by an external mean. Among the numerous possible two-level systems, various typical microscopic two-level systems such as nuclear spins and atomic states have been utilized first to demonstrate the realization of quantum calculation. However, to realize a scaled-up version of a quantum computing system consisting of hundreds of qubits, a solid state electronics version of it is considered to be indispensable. We demonstrate the first electronic control of 1-qubit achieved in a solid state device using a submicron electron device called a single-electron box, a small conductive box connected to the outside by a tunnel junction and a gate capacitor. The scalability of such a solid state qubit is considered to be a prerequisite for a practical quantum computer of the future.
Integrated CMOS transmit-receive switch using LC-tuned substrate bias for 2.4-GHz and 5.2-GHz applications (2004)

CMOS transmit-receive (T/R) switches have been integrated in a 0.18-μm standard CMOS technology for wireless applications at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. This switch design achieves low loss and high linearity by increasing the substrate impedance of a MOSFET at the frequency of operation using a properly tuned LC tank. The switch design is asymmetric to accommodate the different linearity and isolation requirements in the transmit and receive modes. In the transmit mode, the switch exhibits 1.5-dB insertion loss, 28-dBm power, 1-dB compression point (P<sub>1dB</sub>), and 30-dB isolation, at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. In the receive mode, the switch achieves 1.6-dB insertion loss, 11.5-dBm P<sub>1dB</sub>, and 15-dB isolation, at 2.4 and 5.2 GHz. The linearity obtained in the transmit mode is the highest reported to date in a standard CMOS process. The switch passes the 4-kV Human Body Model electro-static discharge test. These results show that the switch design is suitable for narrow-band applications requiring a moderate-high transmitter power level (< 1 W).
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 sensitivity to mRNA vaccine-elicited, convalescent and monoclonal antibodies (2021)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission is uncontrolled in many parts of the world, compounded in some areas by higher transmission potential of the B1.1.7 variant now seen in 50 countries. It is unclear whether responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on the prototypic strain will be impacted by mutations found in B.1.1.7. Here we assessed immune responses following vaccination with mRNA-based vaccine BNT162b2. We measured neutralising antibody responses following a single immunization using pseudoviruses expressing the wild-type Spike protein or the 8 amino acid mutations found in the B.1.1.7 spike protein. The vaccine sera exhibited a broad range of neutralising titres against the wild-type pseudoviruses that were modestly reduced against B.1.1.7 variant. This reduction was also evident in sera from some convalescent patients. Decreased B.1.1.7 neutralisation was also observed with monoclonal antibodies targeting the N-terminal domain (9 out of 10), the Receptor Binding Motif (RBM) (5 out of 31), but not in neutralising mAbs binding outside the RBM. Introduction of the E484K mutation in a B.1.1.7 background to reflect newly emerging viruses in the UK led to a more substantial loss of neutralising activity by vaccine-elicited antibodies and mAbs (19 out of 31) over that conferred by the B.1.1.7 mutations alone. E484K emergence on a B.1.1.7 background represents a threat to the vaccine BNT162b.
The Beet Cyst Nematode Heterodera schachtii Modulates the Expression of WRKY Transcription Factors in Syncytia to Favour Its Development in Arabidopsis Roots (2014)

Cyst nematodes invade the roots of their host plants as second stage juveniles and induce a syncytium which is the only source of nutrients throughout their life. A recent transcriptome analysis of syncytia induced by the beet cyst nematode Heterodera schachtii in Arabidopsis roots has shown that thousands of genes are up-regulated or down-regulated in syncytia as compared to root segments from uninfected plants. Among the down-regulated genes are many which code for WRKY transcription factors. Arabidopsis contains 66 WRKY genes with 59 represented by the ATH1 GeneChip. Of these, 28 were significantly down-regulated and 6 up-regulated in syncytia as compared to control root segments. We have studied here the down-regulated genes WRKY6, WRKY11, WRKY17 and WRKY33 in detail. We confirmed the down-regulation in syncytia with promoter::GUS lines. Using various overexpression lines and mutants it was shown that the down-regulation of these WRKY genes is important for nematode development, probably through interfering with plant defense reactions. In case of WRKY33, this might involve the production of the phytoalexin camalexin.
Endogenous substrates for protein kinases in Coprinus macrorhizus. (1981)

The phosphorylation of cellular proteins in mycelia in strain Fisc in Coprinus macrorhizus was examined. The phosphorylation of two proteins, Protein A and B, was stimulated by cyclic AMP in the presence of Mg2+, and that of one protein, Protein C, was inhibited by cyclic AMP. The molecular weight of these proteins was determined, by gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), to be 64000 (Protein A), 46000 (Protein B), and 18000 (Protein C), respectively. These proteins were quickly phosphorylated and the phosphorylation reached to the maximal levels in 5 min. The concentration of cyclic AMP required for the half-maximal stimulation of phosphorylation of Protein A and B, and for the half-maximal inhibition of phosphorylation of Protein C was approx. 1.0 x 10(-7) M. Cyclic GMP and cyclic IMP were slightly effective for stimulation and inhibition of these proteins.
Dietary Magnesium and C-reactive Protein Levels (2005)

Most Americans consume magnesium at levels below the RDA. Individuals with intakes below the RDA are more likely to have elevated CRP, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease risk.
The Evidence for Association of ATP2B2 Polymorphisms with Autism in Chinese Han Population (2013)

Our research suggested that ATP2B2 might play a role in the etiology of autism in Chinese Han population.
Dynamic augmentation of generalized Rete networks for demand-driven matching and rule updating (2002)

Algorithms for dynamically augmenting an existing Rete network having nonempty partial match memories are described. Two uses of this operation are presented: (1) adding a new pattern to the Rete network where it both shares match nodes with the existing Rete network and matches existing data, and (2) implementing an efficient method of demand-driven pattern matching which makes it possible to match a pattern against existing data when demanded, while keeping that pattern out of the normal Rete pattern matching. The algorithms described are applicable to generalized Rete networks in which arbitrary pattern association is allowed. The tradeoffs involved in the design are discussed, including considerations for compilation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Direct imaging of the surface distribution of immobilized cleavable polyethylene oxide‐polybutadiene‐polyethylene oxide triblock surfactants by atomic force microscopy (2012)

Cleavable amphiphilic triblock surfactants with methoxypolyethylene oxide (PEO) side‐chains attached to polybutadiene (PBD) center blocks by ester linkages were synthesized. The PEO–PBD–PEO triblocks were adsorbed on hydrophobic silicon wafers and covalently stabilized by γ ‐irradiation. The PEO side‐chains were then cleaved from the PBD backbones by acid hydrolysis. Decoration of the immobilized centerblocks with β ‐cyclodextrin allowed direct imaging by standard atomic force microscopy techniques. Widely varied surface coverage, layer morphology and distributions of the PBD centerblocks were observed on surfaces coated with different triblock concentrations and PEO:PBD ratios. Surfaces coated from 1 mg/mL solutions of triblocks (near the critical aggregation concentration (CAC), 0.28–0.53 mg/mL) were sparsely coated, and triblocks containing 75–85% PEO exhibited negligible surface coverage, possibly due to poor adsorption or facile desorption during rinsing. Dense surface packings, albeit some with evident defects sufficiently large to allow for protein adsorption, were produced from 10 mg/mL triblock solutions (an order of magnitude above the CAC). This proof‐of‐concept report describes a method that may be useful in optimizing surface coatings on model substrates, and thus lend insight into optimization of coating conditions for economical production of non‐fouling triblock‐based PEO coatings on clinically relevant biomedical materials. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer-guided laser probe for ablation of brain tumours with ultrashort laser pulses (1999)

A computer-guided laser probe has been developed for the application of ultrashort-pulsed lasers in neurosurgery. It is part of a novel operation concept for the treatment of deep-seated brain tumours. The system combines the positioning accuracy of stereotactic or neuronavigated instruments with the precise and therefore gentle characteristics of surgical lasers. The probe has an outer diameter of 5.5 mm and is directly inserted into the target volume. By a synchronized movement of three coaxial tubes, which guide the embedded optics, the laser radiation is focused at any time onto the current tissue surface. Since every single laser pulse has only a small effective volume of about 8 x 10(5) microm3, the application of a large number of succeeding pulses can be adapted to required geometries. Tissue fragments are removed from the growing operation cavity by continuous irrigation and suction through the laser probe. Blood vessels are detected by a confocal laser-scanning microscope, which is integrated into the probe, and can be closed by an additional coagulating laser. In this paper, the design and technical properties of the laser probe as well as its use in ablation and coagulation experiments are presented. A description of the overall operation system is given.
Fiber array technique for subnanosecond x-ray framing camera (1976)

A subnanosecond x-ray framing camera technique employing a fiber optics image dissector coupled to a 10 ps optical streak camera will be described. The output data from the streak camera can be reduced from photographic film or directly couple into a SEC Vidicon camera for immediate computer decoding of each scan line into a two dimensional picture. The use of the new subnanosecond plastic scintillator in front of the fiber optics dissector will also be discussed. The paper will include (1) the description of the basic principle, (2) fiber optics's image dissector construction, (3) time resolution considerations, and (4) experimental data on a prototype 7 by 7 array.
Sodium oxybate relieves pain and improves function in fibromyalgia syndrome: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter clinical trial (2008)

Sodium oxybate therapy was well tolerated and significantly improved the symptoms of FMS. Further study of sodium oxybate as a novel therapeutic option for FMS is warranted.
A cysteine-specific lysosomal transport system provides a major route for the delivery of thiol to human fibroblast lysosomes: possible role in supporting lysosomal proteolysis. (1990)

Lysosomes constitute only 4% of the intracellular volume of a normal human fibroblast. When human fibroblasts are incubated for 2-5 min with 20 microM [35S]cystine in Krebs-Ringer phosphate solution at pH 7.4, a minimum of 50-60% of the total radioactivity taken up by the cells is found sequestered into the lysosomal compartment in the form of cysteine. A lysosomal transport system, highly specific for cysteine, appears to facilitate this rapid lysosomal cysteine sequestration. Time courses of [35S]cysteine uptake into isolated, Percoll-purified fibroblast lysosomes at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C are linear for the first 4-5 min and attain a steady state by 10 min. Lysosomal cysteine uptake displays a Km of 0.05 mM at pH 7.0 and an activation energy of 21 kcal/mol, corresponding to a Q10 of 3.2. The role of this transport system in delivering cysteine into lysosomes is supported by its pH curve showing a slow rate of cysteine transport at the acidic pHs between 5 and 6, but then increasing sevenfold between pH 6 and 7.5 to be maximally active near the cytosolic pH of 7. Carrier mediation by this lysosomal transport route demonstrates a high specificity for cysteine as indicated by the inability of the following amino acids to significantly inhibit at 5 mM the lysosomal uptake of 0.035 mM [35S]L-cysteine: ala, ser, pro, val, gly, homocysteine, D- or L-penicillamine, arg, asp, or leu. Similarly, D-cysteine and beta-mercaptopropionate were poor inhibitors, suggesting that both the L-isomer and alpha-amino group of cysteine appear to be required for recognition by the cysteine-specific transport system. In contrast, cysteamine, which lacks an alpha-carboxyl group, was able to strongly inhibit lysosomal cysteine uptake. The physiological importance of this cysteine-specific lysosomal transport system may be to aid lysosomal proteolysis by delivering cysteine into the lysosomal compartment to (a) maintain the catalytic activity of the thiol-dependent lysosomal enzymes and (b) break protein disulfide bridges at susceptible linkages, thereby allowing proteins to unfold, facilitating their degradation.
Evaluation of the Modified ELISPOT Assay for Gamma Interferon Production in Cancer Patients Receiving Antitumor Vaccines (2000)

Frequencies of vaccine-responsive T-lymphocyte precursors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) prior to and after administration of peptide-based vaccines in patients with cancer can be measured by limiting-dilution assays (LDA) or by ELISPOT assays. We have used a modified version of the ELISPOT assay to monitor changes in the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells in a population of lymphocytes responding to a relevant peptide or a nonspecific stimulator, such as phorbol myristate acetate-ionomycin. Prior to its use for monitoring of patient samples, the assay was validated and found to be comparable to the LDA performed in parallel, using tumor-reactive cytolytic T-lymphocyte (CTL) lines. The sensitivity of the ELISPOT assay was found to be 1/100,000 cells, with an interassay coefficient of variation of 15%, indicating that it could be reliably used for monitoring of changes in the frequency of IFN-gamma-secreting responder cells in noncultured or cultured lymphocyte populations. To establish that the assay is able to detect the T-cell precursor cells responsive to the vaccine, we used CD8(+) T-cell populations positively selected from PBMC of HLA-A2(+) patients with metastatic melanoma, who were treated with dendritic cell-based vaccines containing gp100, MELAN-A/MART-1, tyrosinase, and influenza virus matrix peptides. The frequency of peptide-specific responder T cells ranged from 0 to 1/2,600 before vaccination and increased by at least 1 log unit after vaccination in two patients, one of whom had a clinical response to the vaccine. However, no increases in the frequency of peptide-responsive T cells were observed in noncultured PBMC or PBMC cultured in the presence of the relevant peptides after the melanoma patients enrolled in another trial were treated with the intramuscular peptide vaccine plus MF59 adjuvant. Thus, while the ELISPOT assay was found to be readily applicable to assessments of frequencies of CTL precursors of established CTL lines and ex vivo-amplified PBMC, its usefulness for monitoring of fresh PBMC in patients with cancer was limited. In many of these patients antitumor effector T cells are present at frequencies of lower than 1/100,000 in the peripheral circulation. Serial monitoring of such patients may require prior ex vivo amplification of specific precursor cells.
Biomass Feedstock Availability in the United States: 1999 State Level Analysis (2000)

Interest in using biomass feedstocks to produce power, liquid fuels, and chemicals in the U.S. is increasing. Central to determining the potential for these industries to develop is an understanding of the location, quantities, and prices of biomass resources. This paper describes the methodology used to estimate biomass quantities and prices for each state in the continental United States.
Attacks and Defenses for JTAG (2010)

JTAG is a well-known standard mechanism for in-field test. Although it provides high controllability and observability, it also poses great security challenges. This article analyzes various attacks and proposes protection schemes.
Spread spectrum indoor video transmission (2003)

Direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) radios offer several advantages for indoor personal communications. Principal advantages are protection from multipath fading, security and multiple access capability. Though when faced with the need to send high speed, high integrity data over a corrupted channel, a combination of several digital radio techniques is required to provide a robust communication link. Key concepts of the system are the use of DSSS, video compression, and forward error correction. Also of interest is the use of custom monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) for 3.3 GHz implementation, supported by ASICs and EPLD interface circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanical Behavior of Pavement Structures Containing Foam Glass Aggregates Insulation Layer: Laboratory and In Situ Study (2019)

The use of thermal insulation layers in flexible pavement structures increases the durability of the pavement and decreases the maintenance and rehabilitation costs. Indeed, this technique limits frost penetration in the frost-sensitive subgrade soil, thus reducing the impact of freezing and thawing cycles responsible for the winter differential heaving and the spring bearing capacity loss experienced on the road network. The impact of climate change on pavement performance can result in rolling comfort deterioration. However, because of its intrinsic characteristic, a thermal insulation layer is typically weak from a mechanical perspective. Therefore, for an adequate design, a compromise needs to be made between mechanical and thermal characteristics. In Quebec and the rest of Canada, extruded polystyrene is the recommended material for pavement insulation. New alternative materials are becoming available, among others foam glass aggregates made from recycled glass of various origins, which are lightweight granular materials. This study presents the mechanical performance assessment of a foam glass aggregate layer based on three levels of experimentation, from the laboratory to in situ flexible pavement structures in cold regions conditions. The results presented were obtained using the resilient modulus test, the response of an indoor experimental pavement tested with a heavy vehicle simulator, as well as using falling weight deflectometer (FWD) measurements taken on an experimental test track, which is composed of a standard section without insulation and two insulated sections. The results indicate that foam glass aggregate layers have interesting mechanical properties.
Transistor sizing for AMLCD integrated TFT drive circuits (1997)

Abstract— This paper discusses transistor sizing for active‐matrix liquid‐crystal displays (AMLCDs) with integrated drive circuits for computer display applications. The size of an output transistor of integrated drive circuits must be large enough to drive a scan/data line within an acceptable delay time and, at the same time, must be as small as possible to reduce the circuit area. Using a linear approximation for TFTs and the Elmore delay model for distributed RCs , we derive expressions for delay times of scan and data lines including the delay of the drive circuit, which has been ignored in the analysis of amorphous‐silicon TFT‐LCDs driven by external driver chips. Based on the derived delay times, sizes of output transistors are estimated. Our calculations show that integration of peripheral drive circuits is feasible and will give benefits in cost and packaging for display resolutions up to XGA. For higher resolution displays such as SXGA, integration of drive circuits will require large driver TFTs and complex external circuits and thus may be impractical.
Anterior (cranial) cruciate ligament transection in the dog: a bona fide model of osteoarthritis, not merely of cartilage injury and repair. (1991)

To help elucidate the longterm outcome in the unstable knees of dogs that have undergone anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection, conventional radiography, gait analysis and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were performed serially on 3 dogs over a 45-month period after ACL transection. Gait analysis showed that vertical forces generated by the cruciate deficient leg were smaller than those produced by the contralateral leg, but the decrease in loading was not progressive and clinical findings did not suggest that the dogs developed pain in the unstable limb. Despite progressive osteophytosis and subchondral sclerosis, as seen on plain radiographs, MRI demonstrated that articular cartilage in the unstable knee was thicker than that in the contralateral knee 36 months after ACL transection. Nine months later, however, striking focal loss of articular cartilage was seen in the unstable knee of each dog. Our study, which provides the first longterm observations of the changes in the unstable knee after ACL transection, shows that they represent progressive osteoarthritis and emphasizes that a prolonged phase of cartilage hypertrophy may precede the stage of cartilage breakdown.