gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Reduction and Error Analysis for Accurate Single Crystal Diffraction Intensities (1987)

Abstract Principles and procedures of diffraction data processing are described. Reflection integration limits are obtained from a least squares analysis of peak profile widths, based on the principles of convolution synthesis of peak profiles. An approximate, empirical thermal diffuse scattering correction is obtained from a least squares analysis of thermal diffuse scattering (TDS) intensity estimates, based on fitting intersecting straight lines to the background profile near the peak limits. Time-dependent scaling according to standard reference reflection intensities is based on least squares fitted scaling polynomials and may be weighted by anisotropic, intensity-dependent or scattering-angle-dependent factors. Inter-set scaling of data subsets and averaging of replicate and equivalent measurements, which includes several criteria for detecting and rejecting outlier measurements, provide a basis for a bivariate analysis of variance on F2 0 and (sin θ)/λ. Error analysis at each stage of the data processing leading up to the analysis of variance includes propagation of estimated experimental errors, as well as estimates of the statistical errors and of their correlations for the various data processing parameters that are introduced.
Redesign of the Columbia University Infobutton Manager. (2007)

Laboratory analysis of the IM guided redesign that led to improved performance in the laboratory, but did not address factors that are influencing use.
Oxidation of low-density lipoprotein by hypochlorite causes aggregation that is mediated by modification of lysine residues rather than lipid oxidation (1994)

Peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) lipid is generally thought to represent the initial step in a series of modification reactions that ultimately transform the protein moiety of the lipoprotein into a form recognized by receptors different from those that bind native LDL. Uptake of LDL via these alternative receptors can lead to the formation of lipid-laden cells, which are typical for the early stages of atherogenesis. We have studied the oxidative modification of LDL by hypochlorite (-OCl), a powerful oxidant produced from H2O2 and chloride via the action of myeloperoxidase which is released from activated neutrophils and monocytes. Exposure of LDL to reagent or enzymically generated -OCl at 4 or 37 degrees C resulted in immediate and preferential oxidation of amino acid residues of apolipoprotein B-100, the single protein associated with LDL. Lysine residues quantitatively represented the major target and, like tryptophan, were oxidized to approximately the same extent with reagent or enzymically generated -OCl. In contrast, LDL lipid oxidation was less favoured than protein oxidation, as judged by the amounts of lipid hydroperoxides, chlorohydrins, cholesterol or fatty acid oxidation products formed. Treatment with -OCl caused aggregation of LDL, as shown by an increased turbidity of the oxidized LDL solution and elution from a size-exclusion h.p.l.c. column of high-molecular-mass LDL complexes. Chemical modification of lysine residues before oxidation with -OCl prevented aggregation, while it enhanced the extent of lipid peroxidation. Treatment of LDL with -OCl also caused the formation of carbonyl groups and release of ammonia; both these modifications were inhibited by lysine-residue modification before oxidation. These results demonstrate that aggregation reactions are dependent on initial lysine oxidation by -OCl, followed by deamination and carbonyl formation, but do not involve lipid (per)oxidation. We propose that the observed -OCl-mediated aggregation of LDL is caused, at least in part, by cross-linking of apoproteins by Schiff-base formation independently of lipid peroxidation.
The relationship between resistivity and dopant density for phosphorus-and boron-doped silicon (1981)

The National Bureau of Standards' was established by an act ot Congress on March 3, 1901. The Bureau's overall goal is to strengthen
Deformation of the Lamina Cribrosa and Optic Nerve Due to Changes in Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure (2017)

CSFp has a significant impact on the strain distributions within the lamina cribrosa and, more prominently, within the RLNT. Elevations in CSFp were positively correlated with increasing deformations in each region and may play a role in ocular pathologies linked to changes in CSFp.
Narrow-band vertically stacked filters in InGaAlAs/InP at 1.5 μm (1996)

A narrow-band wavelength filter in InGaAlAs/InP has been modeled, fabricated, and tested. A highly asymmetrical, vertically coupled directional coupler operating near the band-edge is formed by a narrow ridge and a wide strip-loaded waveguide. The results of numerical simulation, performed by employing the spectral index method, effective-index method, and a modified coupled-mode theory, are used to fabricate a filter structure with a prescribed filter response. Operation at a center wavelength around 1.5 /spl mu/m with a bandwidth of 18 /spl Aring/ and transfer efficiency of /spl sim/46-68% is achieved. Excellent agreement between the. Designed and measured bandwidth is demonstrated. A multichannel filter device based on an array of individual filters that is capable of extending the usable spectral range is analyzed.
Oltipraz regenerates cirrhotic liver through CCAAT/enhancer binding protein‐mediated stellate cell inactivation (2002)

Liver cirrhosis (LC) is a chronic disease with high mortality rate. In the United States and Western world as well as Asian countries, LC is the major leading cause of death by disease. Yet, no effective therapeutic agent is available for LC treatment. Laboratory cirrhotic rats produced by dimethylnitrosamine administrations simulate the clinical features of human LC such as mortality, ascites, hepatic parenchymal cell destruction, and formation of connective tissue and nodular regeneration, providing a preclinical model to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of drugs and the underlying mechanisms. Oltipraz [5-(2-pyrazinyl)-4-methyl-1,2-dithiol-3-thione] has been used clinically and is of little toxicity. Comprehensive mechanistic and phase IIa clinical studies supported the notion that oltipraz exerts chemopreventive effects against chemical carcinogenesis. We report here that oltipraz within the clinical dose range regenerates cirrhotic liver in the established LC rats as a result of reduction of the intensities of cirrhotic nodules, elimination of accumulated extracellular matrix, and inactivation of stellate cells, thereby improving survival rate. We also reveal that activation of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein by oltipraz inhibits transforming growth factor b1 gene expression in stellate cells, which provides a molecular target for pharmacological treatment of LC. Oltipraz is the first therapeutic agent that regenerates cirrhotic liver.
Ras Links Growth Factor Signaling to the Cell Cycle Machinery via Regulation of Cyclin D1 and the Cdk Inhibitor p27<sup><i>KIP1</i></sup> (1997)

Activation of growth factor receptors by ligand binding initiates a cascade of events leading to cell growth and division. Progression through the cell cycle is controlled by cyclin-dependent protein kinases (Cdks), but the mechanisms that link growth factor signaling to the cell cycle machinery have not been established. We report here that Ras proteins play a key role in integrating mitogenic signals with cell cycle progression through G1. Ras is required for cell cycle progression and activation of both Cdk2 and Cdk4 until approximately 2 h before the G1/S transition, corresponding to the restriction point. Analysis of Cdk-cyclin complexes indicates that Ras signaling is required both for induction of cyclin D1 and for downregulation of the Cdk inhibitor p27KIP1. Constitutive expression of cyclin D1 circumvents the requirement for Ras signaling in cell proliferation, indicating that regulation of cyclin D1 is a critical target of the Ras signaling cascade.
Full-signature real-time corrosion detection of underground casing pipes (2000)

Corrosion monitoring and early detection of pits and wall thinning for casing pipes are considerably important to gas and petroleum industries since the frequently occurring corrosion at the internal or external parts of those steel casing pipes used in underground gas storage or oil fields causes production and environmental protection problems. In this paper, a new version of the direct current (dc) electromagnetic induction system is introduced in which a sensor system, based on the dc electromagnetic induction instrument, is coupled with an updated data acquisition system. Unlike the conventional dc induction instrument, the new system can achieve a full-signature logging response by providing all the measured flux leakage (FL) signals and eddy current (EC) signals to the computer logging system (CLS) on the surface. To transmit the information represented by large amounts of data acquired by downhole instruments to the CLS on the surface, a wavelet data compression technique has been incorporated. A VLSI integrated circuit (IC) which realizes the wavelet transform has been designed so that the real-time mode can be achieved during the logging operation. The circuit has been designed using CMOS n-well 2-/spl mu/m technology and has been fabricated by MOSIS.
Synthesis of a Conformationally Restricted Tryptamine Analog via an Improved Reduction of a Derivative of Uhle's Ketone (1989)

Abstract A greatly improved reduction of the benzylic ketone of a previously reported derivative of 5-oxo-1, 3, 4, 5-tetrahydrobenz[cd] indole is used for the synthesis of a conformationally restricted tryptamine analog.
IKKβ Plays an Essential Role in the Phosphorylation of RelA/p65 on Serine 536 Induced by Lipopolysaccharide (2003)

Activation of the I kappa B kinase (IKK) complex by LPS induces phosphorylation and degradation of I kappa B alpha, leading to the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B. Although it is essential for NF-kappa B activation, emerging evidence has indicated that the nuclear translocation of NF-kappa B is not sufficient to activate NF-kappa B-dependent transcription. Here, we reported that LPS induced the phosphorylation of the p65 trans-activation domain on serine 536 in monocytes/macrophages. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking either IKK alpha or IKK beta, we found that IKK beta played an essential role in LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation on serine 536, while IKK alpha was partially required for the p65 phosphorylation. The LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation on serine 536 was independent of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, we found that the phosphorylation on serine 536 increased the p65 transcription activity. In summary, our results demonstrate that IKK beta plays an essential role in the LPS-induced p65 phosphorylation on serine 536, which may represent a mechanism to regulate the NF-kappa B transcription activity by LPS.
IPTV: An End to End Perspective (Invited Paper) (2010)

IP video has taken two forms: Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), which emulates broadcast Television (TV), and Internet video where video selections are accessed across the Internet through Web sites such as YouTube, Hulu, Netflix and others. IPTV and Internet video each provide capabilities that will drive new TV experience. As more and more TV content migrates to the Internet, “personal” video choices are becoming the norm, not the exception, for IPTV as well as Internet video. Beyond today’s established IPTV, transformations in how media are managed and delivered promise a world of personalized content and services delivered to “any device, anytime, anywhere.” This paper describes the co-evolution of IPTV and Internet video. It gives a tutorial-level overview describing how IPTV content is managed and delivered today. Then it discusses the impacts on the IPTV architecture and media value chain from transformations in IPTV that are enhanced by Internet and Web capabilities.
Package Management Systems (2012)

A package management system organizes and simplifies the installation and maintenance of software by standardizing and organizing the production and consumption of software collections. As a software developer, you can benefit from package managers in two ways: through a rich and stable development environment and through friction-free reuse. Promisingly, the structure that package managers bring both to the tools we use in our development process and the libraries we reuse in our products ties nicely with the recent move emphasizing DevOps (development operations) as an integration between software development and IT operations.
Complex regional pain syndrome (2011)

ABSTRACT Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) previously known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy is a chronic neurological disorder involving the limbs characterized by disabling pain, swelling, vasomotor instability, sudomotor abnormality, and impairment of motor function. CRPS is not uncommon after hand surgery and may complicate post-operative care. There is no specific diagnostic test for CRPS and the diagnosis is based on history, clinical examination, and supportive laboratory findings. Recent modifications to diagnostic criteria have enabled clinicians to diagnose this disease more consistently. This review gives a synopsis of CRPS and discusses the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and treatment options based on the limited evidence in the literature.
Comparative analysis of the DFB fiber laser and fiber-optic interferometric strain sensors (2007)

The DFB fiber laser strain sensor is shown to provide an improvement in the minimum detectable length change by a factor of 275 at 2 kHz for an applied strain when compared with an interferometric sensor interrogated by an equivalent DFB laser. This corresponds to a strain resolution enhancement by a factor of 18, if the strain is applied over a 10cm length of fiber. The ability of the fiber laser sensor to operate in its thermodynamic noise limit is shown to be the primary reason for this enhanced sensitivity. Thermodynamically limited noise performance is demonstrated with three interrogation methods.
Cloning and Overexpression of Two cDNAs Encoding the Low-CO2-lnducible Chloroplast Envelope Protein LIP-36 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (1997)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular green alga, grows photoautotrophically at very low concentrations of inorganic carbon due to the presence of an inducible CO2-concentrating mechanism. During the induction of the CO2-concentrating mechanism at low-CO2 growth conditions, at least five polypeptides that are either absent or present in low amounts in cells grown on high-CO2 concentrations are induced. One of these induced polypeptides with a molecular mass of 36 kD, LIP-36, has been localized to the chloroplast envelope. The protein was purified and the partial internal amino acid sequences were obtained through lys-C digestion. Two cDNAs encoding LIP-36 have been cloned using degenerate primers based on the amino acid sequences. The two genes encoding LIP-36 are highly homologous in the coding region but are completely different in the 5'-end and 3'-end untranslated regions. The deduced protein sequences show strong homology to the mitochondrial carrier protein superfamily, suggesting that LIP-36 is a chloroplast carrier protein. The regulation of the expression of these two genes at high- and low-CO2 growth conditions is also different. Both genes were highly expressed under low-CO2 growth conditions, with the steady-state level of LIP-36 G1 mRNA more abundant. However, neither gene was expressed at high-CO2 growth conditions. The gene products of both clones expressed in Escherichia coli were recognized by an antibody raised against LIP-36, confirming that the two cDNAs indeed encode the C. reinhardtii chloroplast envelope carrier protein LIP-36.
α-MSH Modulates Local and Circulating Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Experimental Brain Inflammation (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) underlies pathological processes and functional disturbances in acute and chronic neurological disease and injury. The neuroimmunomodulatory peptide α-MSH modulates actions and production of proinflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, but there is no prior evidence that it alters TNF-α induced within the brain. To test for this potential influence of the peptide, TNF-α was induced centrally by local injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). α-MSH given once i.c.v. with LPS challenge, twice daily intraperitoneally (i.p.) for 5 d between central LPS injections, or both i.p. and centrally, inhibited production of TNF-α within brain tissue. Inhibition of TNF-α protein formation by α-MSH was confirmed by inhibition of TNF-α mRNA. Plasma TNF-α concentration was elevated markedly after central LPS, indicative of an augmented peripheral host response induced by the CNS signal. The increase was inhibited by α-MSH treatments, in relation to inhibition of central TNF-α. Presence within normal mouse brain of mRNA for the α-MSH receptor MC-1 suggests that the inhibitory effects of α-MSH on brain and plasma TNF-α might be mediated by this receptor subtype. The inhibitory effect of α-MSH on brain TNF-α did not depend on circulating factors because the effect also occurred in brain tissue in vitro . This indicates that α-MSH can act directly on brain cells to inhibit their production of TNF-α. If central TNF-α contributes to pathology in CNS disease and injury, and promotes inflammation in the periphery, agents that act on brain α-MSH receptors should decrease the pathological TNF-α reaction and promote tissue survival.
Bacterial proteinaceous products (bacteriocins) as cytotoxic agents of neoplasia. (1976)

Several bacteriocins, bacterial proteinaceous antibiotics, are shown to markedly inhibit the division of various established (neoplastic) mammalian cell lines. The bacteriocins tested originated from Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio eltor. Using exponentially growing L60T mouse fibroblasts, the inhibitory effect was concentration dependent, and a growth inhibitory unit, equivalent to cytotoxic index 50, was established. Expression of toxicity as a function of duration of exposure to pyocin required 3 to 4 hr. DNA synthesis was inhibited and reflected the effects on growth inhibition. Maximal sensitivity to the bacteriocin was observed prior to mitosis in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
Receptors for epidermal growth factor and estrogen as predictors of relapse in patients with mammary carcinoma. (1988)

Analysis of the receptors for estradiol and epidermal growth factor was performed in tumors from 225 breast cancer patients. The tumor cell content of both receptors was independent of clinical stage and lymph node status. There was an inverse correlation between the epidermal growth factor receptor and the estradiol receptor. Either the presence of the epidermal growth factor receptor or the lack of the estradiol receptor was related to a high relapse rate. A combination of these two receptors leads to an increased prognostic predictive capacity. Patients whose tumors contain both the estradiol receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor had a relapse rate similar to those whose tumors were estradiol receptor poor, and are thus high risk patients. Patients whose tumors contain the estradiol receptor and lack the epidermal growth factor receptor belong to a good prognosis group.
High power broad-area lasers with buried implantation for current confinement (2019)

Abstract Broad area lasers emitting near 915 nm are fabricated using a 2-step epitaxial growth process, with an intermediate implantation of silicon or oxygen ions. This approach allows for the introduction of buried lateral current confinement layers at moderate cost in terms of process complexity. The effectiveness of this strategy with respect to different implantation conditions is tested, obtaining up to ≈12% reduction of threshold current and ≈15% increase of slope efficiency with respect to standard lasers. Also a significant improvement of the beam quality-which is relevant to coupling efficiency-has been obtained in terms of reduction of the lateral beam product parameter, from 3.8 mm × mrad at 5A for standard lasers to 2.2 mm × mrad for implanted and regrown lasers, but at the expense of energy efficiency.
Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired in a blind baseball training method (2012)

This study investigated the impact of a 10-week baseball training camp on visually impaired players. Sixteen blind and visually impaired subjects were evenly divided into an experimental group and a control group. The experimental group participated in baseball training three times a week for 1 h 14 min, while the control group did not participate in training. Test data were analyzed through analysis of variance with a paired sample t-test. Following the course of baseball training, the experimental group achieved a statistically significant improvement in orientation and mobility including: 1) a 33 foot unassisted fitness walking test; 2) a 33 foot walking test while holding a cane; 3) a 45 foot road map test, in which participants follow a predetermined course involving turns and orientation according to a sound beacon; 4) a test measuring the success rate of hitting a pitched ball. Following training, the time the experimental group required to complete the walking tasks and the success rate in hitting the ball both showed a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05). These findings strongly indicate how such training has a direct beneficial outcome towards orientation and mobility development for the visually impaired, and recommend further research into the effects of blind baseball training.

	 

	Key words: Visually impaired, 10-week blind baseball training, orientation, mobility
Anthocyanin Extracted from Black Soybean Reduces Prostate Weight and Promotes Apoptosis in the Prostatic Hyperplasia-Induced Rat Model (2010)

Anthocyanin is a natural plant pigment and potent antioxidant. This study was designed to investigate the effects of anthocyanin extracted from black soybeans on a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), a disease associated with the geriatric population. Thirty male rats were divided into five experimental groups: a control group, a BPH-induced group, and three BPH-induced groups that received oral doses of anthocyanin (40, 80, and 160 mg/kg). Prostate hyperplasia was induced by the administration of testosterone propionate for 4 weeks. Following BPH induction, the anthocyanin-treated groups received the compound for 4 weeks. After anthocyanin treatment, the prostates from the rats in all groups were removed, weighed, and subjected to histological examination. Apoptosis in the prostates was measured by the TUNEL assay. The mean prostate weight for the control animals was 674.17 ± 28.24 mg, whereas the BPH-induced rats had a mean prostate weight of 1098.33 ± 131.31 mg. The mean prostate weights for the rats receiving 40, 80, and 160 mg/kg anthocyanin were 323.00 ± 22.41, 324.00 ± 26.80, and 617.50 ± 31.08 mg, respectively. The average prostate weight in the BPH-induced group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the prostate weights in the anthocyanin-administered groups were significantly lower than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). Injected testosterone led to prostatic hyperplasia as observed histologically, but anthocyanin administration helped to prevent this change. Apoptotic body counts were significantly higher in groups receiving anthocyanin than in the BPH-induced group (p < 0.05). These results suggest that anthocyanin may be effective in decreasing the volume and suppressing the proliferation of the prostate. Further studies are needed to better understand the mechanisms and actions of anthocyanin, and these studies may lead to the clinical application of anthocyanin in treating BPH.