gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An impact analysis method for safety-critical user interface design (1999)

We describe a method of assessing the implications for human error on user interface design of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that contribute to error. In this article, components of the taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from user knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment, combined with factors describing the complexity of user action and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts probabilities of different types of errorslips and mistakes for each component action of a task involving user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis Method that involves running test scenarios against this causal model of error in order to determine user interactions that are prone to different types of error. Applying the proposed method will enable the designer to determine the combinations of influencing factors and their interactions that are most likely to influence human error. Finally we show how such scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of an operator performing a task using the control system for a laser spectrophotometer.We describe a method of assessing the implications for human error on user interface design of safety-critical systems. In previous work we have proposed a taxonomy of influencing factors that contribute to error. In this article, components of the taxonomy are combined into a mathematical and causal model for error, represented as a Bayesian Belief Net (BBN). The BBN quantifies error influences arising from user knowledge, ability, and the task environ-ment, combined with factors describing the complexity of user action and user interface quality. The BBN model predicts probabilities of different types of errorslip for each component action of a task involving user-system interaction. We propose an Impact Analysis Method that involves running test scenarios against this causal model of error in order to determine user interactions that are prone to different types of error. Applying the proposed method will enable the designer to determine the combinations of influencing factors and their interactions that are most likely to influence human error. Finally we show how such scenario-based causal analysis can be useful as a means of focusing on relevant guidelines for safe user interface design. The proposed method is demonstrated through a case study of an operator performing a task using the control system for a laser spectrophotometer.
Direct Digital Subtractive Manufacturing of a Functional Assembly Using Voxel-Based Models (2017)

Direct digital manufacturing (DDM) is the creation of a physical part directly from a computer-aided design (CAD) model with minimal process planning and is typically applied to additive manufacturing (AM) processes to fabricate complex geometry. AM is preferred for DDM because of its minimal user input requirements; as a result, users can focus on exploiting other advantages of AM, such as the creation of intricate mechanisms that require no assembly after fabrication. Such assembly free mechanisms can be created using DDM during a single build process. In contrast, subtractive manufacturing (SM) enables the creation of higher strength parts that do not suffer from the material anisotropy inherent in AM. However, process planning for SM is more difficult than it is for AM due to geometric constraints imposed by the machining process; thus, the application of SM to the fabrication of assembly free mechanisms is challenging. This research describes a voxel-based computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system that enables direct digital subtractive manufacturing (DDSM) of an assembly free mechanism. Process planning for SM involves voxel-by-voxel removal of material in the same way that an AM process consists of layer-by-layer addition of material. The voxelized CAM system minimizes user input by automatically generating toolpaths based on an analysis of accessible material to remove for a certain clearance in the mechanism's assembled state. The DDSM process is validated and compared to AM using case studies of the manufacture of two assembly free ball-in-socket mechanisms.
Der Hydrozyklon. Ein einfaches und billiges Gerät für das Klassieren und Eindicken (1960)

Abstract Der Hydrozyklon wird in verschiedenen Konstruktionen zum Klassieren, Sortieren und Eindicken für Feststoffgrößen zwischen 3 und 250 μ verwendet. Bewährt haben sich Kombinationen von Hydrozyklonen mit Filtern, Eindickern und Zentrifugen, wie an Anwendungsbeispielen aus der Erzaufbereitung der Schwerindustrie, der Kali‐Industrie, der Erdöl‐Bohrung und der chemischen Industrie gezeigt wird.
The Brains behind the Enigma Code Breaking before the Second World War (2003)

The German Enigma encoding machine and the contributions of famous cryptologists who broke it are still topics that fascinate both scientists and the general public. After the monarchy of Kaiser Wilhelm II fell, the Weimar republic came into being, and the idea of equipping the armed forces with machine ciphers already found realization in 1926. The German cipher machine, called Enigma, alarmed the general staffs of neighbouring countries, especially Poland and France. This work describes the efforts of cryptanalysts who solved the mystery of Enigma during the 1930s before the beginning of the war.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of the Congenital Clubfoot Treated With the Ponseti Method (2001)

Little information exists about the degree of efficacy of the several nonoperative treatments, such as manipulation and casting, used in correcting the pathology of the virgin clubfoot deformity. The steps in the correction of the displacements and anomalies of the skeletal components have never been visualized. The method reported to have the best long-term results is that of Ponseti. A magnetic resonance imaging protocol was devised to image the described chondroosseous abnormalities of the virgin clubfoot deformity and to illustrate the changes that occur with the Ponseti method of treatment. Scans were performed at the beginning of, in the middle of, and at the end of treatment. Images obtained with this protocol largely agree with postmortem studies of clubfeet. All of the major chondroosseous pathology could be visualized in vivo. With Ponseti treatment, all the abnormalities seen on the initial scans either improved markedly or corrected completely. Treatment resulted in correction not only of the abnormal relationships of the tarsal bones, but also of the abnormal shapes of the individual tarsal osteochondral anlages, probably because of the changes in growth resulting from the changes in mechanical loading of fast-growing tissues.
Interactive Natural Image Segmentation via Spline Regression (2009)

This paper presents an interactive algorithm for segmentation of natural images. The task is formulated as a problem of spline regression, in which the spline is derived in Sobolev space and has a form of a combination of linear and Green's functions. Besides its nonlinear representation capability, one advantage of this spline in usage is that, once it has been constructed, no parameters need to be tuned to data. We define this spline on the user specified foreground and background pixels, and solve its parameters (the combination coefficients of functions) from a group of linear equations. To speed up spline construction, K-means clustering algorithm is employed to cluster the user specified pixels. By taking the cluster centers as representatives, this spline can be easily constructed. The foreground object is finally cut out from its background via spline interpolation. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is linear in the number of the pixels to be segmented. Experiments on diverse natural images, with comparison to existing algorithms, illustrate the validity of our method.
Multi-scale modelling and simulation in systems biology (2011)

The aim of systems biology is to describe and understand biology at a global scale where biological functions are recognised as a result of complex mechanisms that happen at several scales, from the molecular to the ecosystem. Modelling and simulation are computational tools that are invaluable for description, prediction and understanding these mechanisms in a quantitative and integrative way. Therefore the study of biological functions is greatly aided by multi-scale methods that enable the coupling and simulation of models spanning several spatial and temporal scales. Various methods have been developed for solving multi-scale problems in many scientific disciplines, and are applicable to continuum based modelling techniques, in which the relationship between system properties is expressed with continuous mathematical equations or discrete modelling techniques that are based on individual units to model the heterogeneous microscopic elements such as individuals or cells. In this review, we survey these multi-scale methods and explore their application in systems biology.
Low leakage current evaluations for process characterizations (1990)

In this paper the principle of operation of a structure allowing accurate determination of currents in the fA range is given. A device has been implemented on silicon and experimentally tested. The capability of 0.1 fA range measurements is demonstrated.
Aeration and substrate utilization in a sparged packed-bed biofilm reactor (1986)

Recently, much attention has been focused on the use of bio logical fixed-film reactors for wastewater treatment. This is pri marily because of their simple operation, and reduced reactor volume and land area requirements. Submerged, fixed-film packed-bed reactor designs have recently been developed that use relatively small media sizes to further reduce reactor vol ume.1,2 Such reactors require air sparging to supply sufficient oxygen for relatively high substrate removal rates associated with the high biomass concentration per unit reactor volume. A typ ical example is the biological aerated filter. As shown in Figure 1, primary effluent is applied downward through a 1.8-m bed of fired clay media (2.5 to 4-mm size). Air is sparged into the bed and the bed is backwashed to remove excess solids. Typical hydraulic retention times to achieve 90% or more biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) removal are 40 to 60 minutes with vol umetric organic loadings of 3 to 5 kg/m3 d BOD (190 to 310 lbs/day/1000 ft3).1'2 In the past, mathematical mechanistic models have been de veloped to describe substrate utilization in biofilm reactors.311 Some of these models have also recognized that substrate removal rates in the biofilm can be controlled by substrate or oxygen concentration, or both.3-9 For systems described by such models, oxygen has usually been supplied by preoxygenation of the in fluent with air or pure oxygen. This is not the case for sparged packed-bed biofilm reactors because oxygen is continuously supplied and used.
CERVICAL INTRAMEDULLARY GLIOBLASTOMA WITH INTRACRANIAL DISSEMINATION: DESCRIPTION OF A RAPIDLY PROGRESSING CASE AND A LITERATURE REVIEW (2010)

We present a case of a 65-year-old female with glioblastoma of the spinal cord, which disseminated to an intracranial lesion. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse swelling at levels C1 to 4, which was pathologically consistent with glioblastoma, and right side pontine parenchyma mass. The patient died after seven weeks of hospitalization. The confirmed diagnosis of glioblastomas was obtained as a result of autopsy. Spinal glioblastomas are rare lesions of the central nervous system with a prognosis as poor as that of their intracranial counterpart. There have been only nine reports in English since 1990, including this case in Japan.
Investigation of unreacted polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) melt blends. (1996)

A series of polycarbonate-poly(butylene terephthalate) blends of varying weight fraction (10:90-90:10) has been prepared via melt blending in a torque rheometer and characterised using differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and electron microscopy. The microstructures of the blends were studied by scanning electron microscopy of stained (ruthenium tetroxide) and etched (dichloromethane and diethyltriamine) specimens. Microscopy showed the blends to form dispersed-continuous or bicontinuous two phase morphologies, dependent on the weight fraction and rheological behaviour of the homopolymers. Thermal analysis of the blends indicated a degree of miscibility between the homopolymers (resulting in shifts in glass transition temperatures) and significant phase mixing at the phase boundaries (resulting in broadening of the transition peaks). Scanning electron microscopy provided complementary evidence of phase mixing, with blends containing 10% of either homopolymer showing no multiphase structure and the development of a significant interphase. No evidence was found for the occurrence of direct interchain transesterification, although transesterification via acidolysis occurred at temperatures >260°C owing to degradation of the poly(butylene terephthalate).
Bounded LSH for Similarity Search in Peer-to-Peer File Systems (2008)

Similarity search has been widely studied in peer-to-peer environments. In this paper, we propose the Bounded Locality Sensitive Hashing (Bounded LSH) method for similarity search in P2P file systems. Compared to the basic Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH), Bounded LSH makes improvement on the space saving and quick query response in the similarity search, especially for high-dimensional data objects that exhibit non-uniform distribution property. We present simple and space-efficient Bounded-LSH to map non-uniform data space into load-balanced hash buckets that contain approximate number of objects. Load-balanced hash buckets in Bounded-LSH, in turn, require less number of hash tables while maintaining a high probability of returning the closest objects to requests. Our experiments based on synthetic and real-world datasets showed the feasibility, query and space efficiency of our proposed method.
<i>Lāmed</i> (1986)

Early forms of the letter lāmed give the impression of a supple object. It may be that the object represented is a guide rope, in which case the letter name could be connected with Ugaritic mdl, "to attach a guide rope."
A Physical Activity Program to Mobilize Older People: A Practical and Sustainable Approach (2008)

This practical program is potentially effective and sustainable with respect to mobilizing physically inactive older people.
Synergistic Effects of Disintegrants on Release of poorly Water soluble drug (2012)

We have done research work in lab to find out proper formulation of immediate release tablet by using of various types of disintegrants (crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate and sodium carboxymethylcellulose), in order to examine the effect of mode of absorption of disintegrants on release mechanism from tablets. Acetaminophen, a poor soluble drug was used as a model drug to estimate its release pattern from different formulations. The USP paddle method was selected to perform the dissolution profiles carried out by USP apparatus 2 (paddle) at 50 rpm in 900 ml phosphate buffer pH 5.8. Successive dissolution time, time required for 25%, 50% and 80% of the drug release (T25%, T50%, T80%) was used to evaluate the dissolution results. A One way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to recognize the result. Statistically significant differences were found among the drug release profile from all the formulations except mode of addition of crosspovidone. At a fixed amount of disintegrants, extragranular mode of addition seemed to be the best mode of incorporation. The best release was achieved with the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and sodium starch glycolate containing formulations. The T50 and T80 values were analytical of the fact that the drug release was faster from tablet formulations containing carboxymethylcellulose and sodium starch glycolate. The drug release was very much negligible difference by the mode of crospovidone addition. Two formulations found very small T50 and T80 values indicating very much faster release. From the all formulations corresponded extragranular mode of addition could be the best mode of incorporation. The drug release was unaffected by the mode of crospovidone addition. The mode of incorporation of disintegrants suggested enchancing the release of poor soluble drugs. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i3.12979 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(3) 2012
Printable electronics for polymer RFID applications (2006)

An organic RF identification transponder operating at a carrier frequency of 13.56MHz is presented in a proof of concept IC with no ID. The rectifier and the digital integrated modulation circuit are based on organic p-type semiconducting material with a total transponder area of 4cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The operational distance is 0 to 4.75cm while the clock frequency is 120Hz
Understanding and developing models for detecting and differentiating breakpoints during interactive tasks (2007)

The ability to detect and differentiate breakpoints during task execution is critical for enabling defer-to-breakpoint policies within interruption management. In this work, we examine the feasibility of building statistical models that can detect and differentiate three granularities (types) of perceptually meaningful breakpoints during task execution, without having to recognize the underlying tasks. We collected ecological samples of task execution data, and asked observers to review the interaction in the collected videos and identify any perceived breakpoints and their type. Statistical methods were applied to learn models that map features of the interaction to each type of breakpoint. Results showed that the models were able to detect and differentiate breakpoints with reasonably high accuracy across tasks. Among many uses, our resulting models can enable interruption management systems to better realize defer-to-breakpoint policies for interactive, free-form tasks.
Serum Tryptase and Urinary 1-Methylhistamine as Parameters for Monitoring Oral Food Challenges in Children (1994)

To study the usefulness of urinary 1-methylhistamine and serum tryptase concentration as monitoring parameters in clinical settings, we investigated 32 children with atopic dermatitis and suspected food allergy during oral food challenges with eggs and cow's milk. Urinary 1-methylhistamine (MH) excretion increased significantly within 1 h after positive oral food challenges (p < 0.006), but showed considerable variation in negative challenges. MH seems to be a sensitive parameter (92.8%), but its specificity is insufficient (37.7%). In the group of 16 positive oral food challenges serum tryptase concentration increased significantly (p < 0.02) directly after provocation and remained elevated up to 2 h after provocation. No variation was observed in negative challenges or nonatopic controls. Serum tryptase concentration seems to be specific for marked clinical reactions after oral food challenges (100%), but its sensitivity was low (25%) and not superior to evaluation by clinical means. We conclude that, despite positive results for the group of children, MH and serum tryptase concentrations are not useful parameters for monitoring oral food challenges in an individual child due to insufficient sensitivity and specificity.
Role for the Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 in viral promoter switching during initial stages of infection. (1991)

During latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection of human B lymphocytes, six viral nuclear antigen (EBNAs) are expressed from long primary transcripts by means of alternative splicing and alternative polyadenylylation sites. These transcripts initiate from one of two promoters, Cp or Wp, that function in a mutually exclusive fashion. Wp is exclusively utilized during the initial stages of infection of primary B lymphocytes, followed by a switch to Cp usage. These studies have been extended to show that (i) a mutant EBV strain lacking the gene encoding EBNA 2 fails to switch from Wp to Cp usage in primary B lymphocytes, although the virus contains a functional Cp; (ii) a region from -429 to -245 base pairs upstream of Cp is essential for Cp activity in B lymphocytes, but only in the context of upstream and downstream sequences; (iii) this region contains an EBNA 2-dependent enhancer; and (iv) DNase I protection employing nuclear extracts from B and T lymphocytes revealed a B-cell-specific footprint in the region of the EBNA 2-dependent enhancer. These results support a model for viral promoter switching during the initial stages of infection in which Wp activity leads to the expression of EBNA 2, followed by activation of Cp through the EBNA 2-dependent enhancer.
Putting The Freeze On Ice Crystal Growth (2014)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPutting The Freeze On Ice Crystal GrowthView Author Information C&EN BostonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2014, 92, 40, 42–43Publication Date (Print):October 6, 2014Publication History Published online31 March 2015Published inissue 6 October 2014https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09240-scitech2Copyright © 2014 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (546 KB) SUBJECTS:Ice Get e-Alerts
<title>Determination Of Thickness Errors And Boundary Roughness From The Measured Performance Of A Multilayer Coating</title> (1986)

The influence of thickness errors and boundary imperfections on the performance of a multilayer x-ray mirror is discussed, and it is shown that both can be obtained separately from a measured reflectivity curve at a short x-ray wavelength. Multilayers have greatly reduced scattering compared to single films, and for this reason rough boundaries and gradual transition layers between the film materials give practically identical performance. A simple Debye-Waller factor is not sufficient to describe the performance of a multi-layer with many layers at short wavelengths.