gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antagonistic interactions between gemcitabine and 5-fluorouracil in the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line capan-2 (2006)

Although the recently-developed Gemcitabine (GEM) has renewed interest in clinical research in pancreatic carcinoma, it offers modest improvement of tumor-related symptoms and marginal survival advantage, even when combined with other currently-available chemotherapeutic agents such as 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). We hypothesized that this disappointing result could be due to an interaction between the two drugs affecting cytotoxic activity. We measured in-vitro growth inhibition, cell cycle distribution, gene and protein expression of apoptosis regulators bcl-2, bcl-x and survivin, NFkappaB and telomerase activities of human pancreatic carcinoma cell line Capan-2 following exposure to GEM and 5-FU singly or combined, by MTT assay and median effect analysis, flow cytometry, real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) and telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay, respectively. We found cell growth to be inhibited by both drugs, decreasing the percentage of cells in S and G2/M phases and inducing apoptosis, dependent on the levels of bcl-2, bcl-xL and survivin expression in the case of 5-FU, but not for GEM. Moreover, while telomerase activity was reduced equally by both drugs, 5-FU but not GEM effectively downregulated NFkappaB binding activity. Intriguingly, a substantial antagonistic effect was noticed when GEM was combined with 5-FU in the concentration range tested, with the exception of the TRAP assay. These indications of an antagonistic interaction between GEM and 5-FU in some pancreatic cancer context urge further investigation of both genetic and non-genetic differences to identify the variables most relevant for optimal selection and dosing of treatment for the individual patient.
LC quadrature generation in integrated circuits (2002)

Today quadrature signals for IQ demodulation are provided through RC polyphase networks, quadrature oscillators or double frequency VCOs. This paper presents a new method for generating quadrature signals in integrated circuits using only inductors and capacitors. This LC quadrature generation method enables significantly reduced noise and power consumption.
Perfluoroisopropyl Zinc Phthalocyanines Conjugated with Deoxyribonucleosides: Synthesis, Photophysical Properties and In Vitro Photodynamic Activities (2010)

Abstract Perfluoroisopropyl‐substituted zinc phthalocyanines conjugated with deoxyribonucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated as photodynamic therapy agents from both spectral and biological points of view. They show non‐aggregation, high chemical stability and good fluorescence quantum yields in both organic and aqueous solutions. Preliminary biological experiments revealed these conjugates to be promising candidates for the photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Photonic Waveguide Bonds – A Novel Concept for Chip-to-Chip Interconnects (2011)

Photonic waveguide bonds (PWB) enable three-dimensional chip-to-chip interconnects. We demonstrate for the first time a PWB link between integrated silicon-on-insulator waveguides. The viability of the concept is demonstrated by data transmission experiments.
Charge Carrier Mobilities in Amorphous Triphenylamine–Fluorene Copolymers: Role of Triphenylamine Unit in Intra- and Intermolecular Charge Transport (2012)

We investigated the effect of the triphenylamine (TPA) content of TPA–fluorene copolymers on their charge carrier mobilities. Intramolecular mobilities were measured by flash-photolysis time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC), while intermolecular hole mobilities were determined on the basis of space-charge limited current (SCLC) and field-effect transistor (FET). TRMC and SCLC except for FET showed an analogous dependence on the TPA content. The results are discussed from the viewpoints of delocalization of singly-occupied molecular orbital of radical cation, conformation of polymer chain, and trap effect. This study highlights the importance of optimizing the TPA content in the polyfluorene backbone for electronic device application.
A national survey of managed honey bee 2015–2016 annual colony losses in the USA (2017)

Managed honey bee colony losses are of concern in the USA and globally. This survey, which documents the rate of colony loss in the USA during the 2015–2016 season, is the tenth report of winter losses, and the fifth of summer and annual losses. Our results summarize the responses of 5725 valid survey respondents, who collectively managed 427,652 colonies on 1 October 2015, an estimated 16.1% of all managed colonies in the USA. Responding beekeepers reported a total annual colony loss of 40.5% [95% CI 39.8–41.1%] between 1 April 2015 and 1 April 2016. Total winter colony loss was 26.9% [95% CI 26.4–27.4%] while total summer colony loss was 23.6% [95% CI 23.0–24.1%], making this the third consecutive year when summer losses have approximated to winter losses. Across all operation types, 32.3% of responding beekeepers reported no winter losses. Whilst the loss rate in the winter of 2015–2016 was amongst the lowest winter losses recorded over the ten years this survey has been conducted, 59.0% (n = 3378) of responding beekeepers had higher losses than they deemed acceptable.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Autophagic Activity with Cyto-ID Staining in Primary Cells (2014)

Flow cytometry allows very sensitive and reliable high-throughput analysis of autophagic flux. This methodology permits to screen cells in flow and capture multi-component images. Using this technology autophagic flux may be analysed accurately in both suspension as well as adherent cells upon trypsinization independent of how heterogeneous the autophagosomal content might be. The method is based on Cyto-ID staining of autophagic compartments (pre-autophagosomes, autophagosomes, and autophagolysosomes) in live cells using Cyto-ID® Autophagy Detection Kit. Autophagic compartments are intermediate constituents of a dynamic lysosomal degradation process and their intracellular abundance at a particular time point is a function of the established equilibrium between their generation and degradation. Determination of autophagic flux facilitates the discrimination between early induction of autophagosome formation and late inhibition of autophagosome maturation as both results in an ultimate increase in autophagosomal presence. Cyto-ID assay is based on the usage of a specific dye that selectively stains autophagic compartments and therefore allows determination of autophagic flux as accumulation of stained compartments in basic or activated conditions [rapamycin (1-5 µmol/L), PP242 (1-5 µmol/L) or Hanks’ Balanced Salt Solution containing 6 mmol/L glucose (starvation medium)] after blockage of autophagolysosomal degradation using lysosomotropic compounds such as ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) (10-20 mmol/L) or chloroquine (CQ) (5-10 µmol/L). ΔMFI Cyto-ID = MFI Cyto-ID (+CQ/NH4Cl) - MFI Cyto-ID (-CQ/NH4Cl)., 流式细胞术允许非常灵敏和可靠的高通量分析自噬通量。该方法允许在流动中筛选细胞并捕获多组分图像。使用这种技术，可以在悬浮液以及粘附细胞中在胰蛋白酶消化时精确分析自噬流，而与自噬体内容物的异质性无关。该方法基于使用Cyto-ID自动吞噬检测试剂盒的活细胞中的自体吞噬细胞（前自噬体，自噬体和自噬溶酶体）的Cyto-ID染色。自噬区室是动态溶酶体降解过程的中间组分，并且它们在特定时间点的细胞内丰度是其产生和降解之间建立的平衡的函数。自噬吞噬的确定有助于自噬体形成的早期诱导和自噬体成熟的晚期抑制之间的区分，因为两者都导致自噬体存在的最终增加。 Cyto-ID测定基于使用选择性染色自噬隔室的特定染料，因此允许测定自噬通量，作为染色隔室在碱性或活化条件[雷帕霉素（1-5μmol/L），PP242（1- （NH 4 Cl）（10-20μmol/L）或含有6mmol/L葡萄糖（饥饿培养基）的Hanks平衡盐溶液），使用溶酶体化合物阻断自噬溶酶体降解mmol/L）或氯喹（CQ）（5-10μmol/L）。 ΔMFICyto-ID = MFI Cyto-ID（+ CQ/NH 4 Cl）-MFI Cyto-ID（-CQ/NH 4 Cl）。
Real-time camera pose estimation based on planar object tracking for augmented reality environment (2012)

Real-time camera tracking is steadily gaining in importance due to the drive from various applications, such as AR(augmented reality), mobile computing, and human-machine interface. In this paper, we describe a real-time camera tracking framework designed to track a monocular camera in a desktop workspace. Basic idea of the proposed scheme is that the camera pose estimation is achieved on the basis of a planar object tracking framework. As the camera pose estimation and scene registration is achieved via a non-iterative process, the proposed method is computationally efficient and very fast, and therefore, it can be directly embedded to AR systems running on mobile device platforms. In addition, our system attempts to detect new features assumed to be present on the reference planar surface, so that the system can be operated even when reference features go out of visible range. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed system are verified on the experimental results of several real-time input video streams.
Time Course and Host Responses to<i>Escherichia coli</i>Urinary Tract Infection in Genetically Distinct Mouse Strains (1998)

Recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a significant clinical problem for many women; however, host susceptibility factors have not been completely defined. The mouse model of induced UTI provides an experimental environment in which to identify specific host characteristics that are important in initial bacterial colonization of the urinary tract and in resolution of an infection. This study examined initial susceptibility, bacterial clearance, and host defense mechanisms during induction and resolution of Escherichia coli UTIs in genetically distinct strains of mice. Of the ten inbred strains tested, six (BALB/c, C3H/HeN, C57BL/6, DBA.1, DBA.2, and AKR) showed progressive resolution of bladder infections over a 14-day period. A constant, low-level bladder infection was observed in SWR and SJL mice. High bladder infection levels persisted over the 14-day study period in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice. Kidney infection levels generally correlated with bladder infection levels, especially in C3H/HeJ and C3H/OuJ mice, the two most susceptible strains, in which infections became more severe with time after challenge. The degree of inflammation in bladder and kidneys, as well as antibody-forming cell responses, positively correlated with infection intensity in all strains except C3H/HeJ, which had minimal inflammation despite high infection levels. These results demonstrate two important aspects of host defense against UTI. First, the innate immune response to an infection in the bladder or kidneys consists primarily of local inflammation, which is followed by an adaptive response characterized in part by an antibody response to the infecting bacteria. Second, a UTI will be spontaneously resolved in most cases; however, in mice with specific genetic backgrounds, a UTI can persist for an extended length of time. The latter result strongly suggests that the presence or absence of specific host genes will determine how effectively an E. coli UTI will be resolved.
Human Polyserase-2, a Novel Enzyme with Three Tandem Serine Protease Domains in a Single Polypeptide Chain (2004)

We have cloned a human cDNA encoding a new serine protease that has been called polyserase-2 (polyserine protease-2) because it is the second identified human enzyme with several tandem serine protease domains in its amino acid sequence. The first serine protease domain contains all characteristic features of these enzymes, whereas the second and third domains lack one residue of the catalytic triad of serine proteases and are predicted to be catalytically inactive. This complex domain organization is also present in the sequences of mouse and rat polyserase-2 and resembles that of polyserase-1, which also contains three serine protease domains in its amino acid sequence. However, polyserase-2 lacks additional domains present in polyserase-1, including a type II transmembrane motif and a low-density lipoprotein receptor A module. Enzymatic analysis demonstrated that both full-length polyserase-2 and its first serine protease domain hydrolyzed synthetic peptides used for assaying serine proteases. Nevertheless, the activity of the isolated domain was greater than that of the entire protein, suggesting that the two catalytically inactive serine protease domains of polyserase-2 may modulate the activity of the first domain. Northern blot analysis showed that polyserase-2 is expressed in fetal kidney; adult skeletal muscle, liver, placenta, prostate, and heart; and tumor cell lines derived from lung and colon adenocarcinomas. Finally, analysis of post-translational processing mechanisms of polyserase-2 revealed that, contrary to those affecting to the membrane-bound polyserase-1, this novel polyprotein is a secreted enzyme whose three protease domains remain as an integral part of a single polypeptide chain.
Microarray Quality Control (2005)

"Microarray Quality Control." Journal of the American Statistical Association, 100(470), p. 711
Photooxygenation of 1-vinylcycloalkenes. The competition between ene reaction and cycloaddition of singlet oxygen (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotooxygenation of 1-vinylcycloalkenes. The competition between ene reaction and cycloaddition of singlet oxygenWerner Herz and Rouh Rong JuoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 5, 618–627Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00205a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00205a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1056Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Physical incorporation of a single‐stranded oligodeoxynucleotide during targeted repair of a human chromosomal locus (2005)

The experiment showed that ODNs are incorporated into a mammalian genome. This unravels one early repair step and also sets an unexpected example of genome dynamics possibly relevant to other ODN-based cell techniques.
Effective processor array architecture with shared memory (2002)

In this paper, we propose a new processor array architecture with effective data storage schemes and its design methodology. The array, called the Memory Sharing Processor Array (MSPA), consists of a processor array with several memory units and their address generation hardware units in order to minimize the data storage. MSPA architecture and its design methodology is similar to the conventional systolic array, but tries to overcome the overlapping data storages, idle processing time and the I/O bottleneck, which mostly degrade the performance of the systolic array. It has practical advantages over the systolic array with regard to area-efficiency, high throughput and practical input schemes. If the number of the concurrent data input ports is limited in a practical situation, the systolic array does not work efficiently. MSPA uses the data access scheme of the common bus architecture, but limits its usage only when it does not cause any data access bottleneck.
Herbicidal Activity of Caprolactam Derivatives (1976)

Many derivatives of &-caprolactam were prepared and examined for herbicidal activity. Some N-alkyl derivatives showed considerable herbicidal activity by pre-emergence treatment.
Calibration of orientation measurement systems based on tilt-sensors and compasses (2002)

status: Published
Molecular Epidemiology of Group A Streptococcus M Type 1 Infections (1993)

Data were reviewed about 665 streptococcus M type 1 isolates received by the Streptococcus Reference Laboratory of the New Zealand Communicable Disease Centre between 1980 and 1991. Isolates were voluntarily submitted by diagnostic laboratories throughout New Zealand as part of a surveillance system for streptococcal infections. Over the study period, distribution of M type 1 was uneven, and two waves of infections occurred, each with a distinctive disease pattern. Molecular typing using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was used to examine phylogenetic relationships among isolates randomly selected from different geographic locations for each of the years studied. Although six distinct RFLP patterns occurred, most isolates (74%), including those of both waves, belonged to type 1a. This type and one other were also identified among additional isolates originating from Australia and the United States. Typed isolates from cases of severe invasive disease occurring both in the United States and in New Zealand in the late 1980s belonged to RFLP type 1a.
Direct growth of nanocrystalline hexagonal boron nitride films on dielectric substrates (2015)

Atomically thin hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) films are primarily synthesized through chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on various catalytic transition metal substrates. In this work, a single-step metal-catalyst-free approach to obtain few- to multi-layer nanocrystalline h-BN (NCBN) directly on amorphous SiO2/Si and quartz substrates is demonstrated. The as-grown thin films are continuous and smooth with no observable pinholes or wrinkles across the entire deposited substrate as inspected using optical and atomic force microscopy. The starting layers of NCBN orient itself parallel to the substrate, initiating the growth of the textured thin film. Formation of NCBN is due to the random and uncontrolled nucleation of h-BN on the dielectric substrate surface with no epitaxial relation, unlike on metal surfaces. The crystallite size is ∼25 nm as determined by Raman spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the NCBN formed sheets of multi-stacked layers with controllable thickness from ∼2 to 25 nm. The absence of transfer process in this technique avoids any additional degradation, such as wrinkles, tears or folding and residues on the film which are detrimental to device performance. This work provides a wider perspective of CVD-grown h-BN and presents a viable route towards large-scale manufacturing of h-BN substrates and for coating applications.
Inferring privacy policies for social networking services (2009)

Social networking sites have come under criticism for their poor privacy protection track record. Yet, there is an inherent difficulty in deciding which principals should have access to user's information or actions, without requiring them to constantly manage their privacy settings. We propose to extract automatically such privacy settings, based on the policy that information produced within a social context should remain in that social context, both to ensure privacy as well as maximising utility. A machine learning approach is used to extract automatically such social contexts, as well as a tentative evaluation.
Mitochondrial permeability transition mediates apoptosis induced by <i>N</i>‐methyl(<i>R</i>)salsolinol, an endogenous neurotoxin, and is inhibited by Bcl‐2 and rasagiline, <i>N</i>‐propargyl‐1(<i>R</i>)‐aminoindan (2002)

The role of mitochondrial permeability transition (PT) in apoptosis induced by an endogenous neurotoxin, N-methyl(R)salsolinol [NM(R)Sal], was studied by use of dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. NM(R)Sal reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, DeltaPsim, in the early phase of apoptosis, which was not suppressed by a pan-caspase inhibitor, but was antagonized by Bcl-2 and cyclosporin A, suggesting the involvement of the PT in NM(R)Sal-induced loss of DeltaPsim. NM(R)Sal-induced apoptosis was completely inhibited not only by Bcl-2 and a pan-caspase inhibitor, but also by cyclosporin A, suggesting the essential role of the PT in NM(R)Sal-induced apoptosis. In mitochondria isolated from rat liver, NM(R)Sal induced swelling and reduced DeltaPsim, which was inhibited by cyclosporin A and Bcl-2 overexpression. These results indicate that NM(R)Sal induced the PT by direct action on the mitochondria. Rasagiline, N-propargyl-1(R)-aminoindan, which is a now under a clinical trial for Parkinson's disease, suppressed the DeltaPsim reduction, release of cytochrome c, and apoptosis induced by NM(R)Sal in SH-SY5Y cells. Rasagiline also inhibited the NM(R)Sal-induced loss of DeltaPsim and swelling in the isolated mitochondria, proving that rasagiline directly targets the mitochondria also. Altogether, mitochondrial PT plays a key role both in NM(R)Sal-induced cell death and the neuroprotective effect of rasagiline.
Stress control for achieving high yiels: the quest for 300 bushel per acre corn. (2009)

ABTRACT Corn is continually subject to environmental and biological stresses that lower its yield potential, and many of the physiological responses to these stresses are modulated by the natural plant hormone ethylene. We are investigating technologies that alter the level of, or the sensitivity to, ethylene as means of protecting the corn plant from stress, and thereby increasing its productivity. The competitive ethylene inhibitor 1-MCP, which decreases plant sensitivity to ethylene, minimizes the negative impacts of supra-optimal plant populations and decreases yield reductions due to high temperature stress. We also show a late-season retention of leaf chlorophyll from strobilurin-based fungicides, which is associated with a decrease in ethylene biosynthesis, and which we believe acts as a long-term signal to alter the senescence trajectory. Tools to manage plant ethylene are clearly one way to mitigate plant stress resulting in higher corn productivity and we discuss these in relationship to other management factors that impact corn productivity.
High frequency AlN MEMS resonators with integrated nano hot plate for temperature controlled operation (2012)

This paper presents the design and experimental verification of the first MEMS resonator ovenized by means of an integrated nano hot plate suspended over the micromechanical resonant element. This first prototype is formed by a composite structure in which a fully anchored Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Lateral Field Excited-Floating (LFE-F) Contour-Mode MEMS resonator (CMR) and a nanoscale heating element are perfectly overlapped and separated by a sub-micron air gap. The placement of the heating element outside the body of the resonator, but suspended over it, allowed maintaining the electromechanical properties of the device unchanged (same k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ·Q compared to the non-ovenized case). This resulted in a 968 MHz ovenized microresonator with quality factor, Q, of ~1800, electromechanical coupling coefficient, k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , of ~0.9% and motional resistance, R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> , of ~50 Ω. At the same time, efficient ovenization of the MEMS resonator (CMR temperature rise factor of 18.3 K/mW) is achieved by scaling the dimensions of the heating element (i.e. implementing a nano hot plate) and minimizing the air gap between the resonator and the heater.