gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leishmania amazonensis:Cultivation and Characterization of Axenic Amastigote-like Organisms (1996)

Extracellular amastigote-like forms of Leishmania amazonensis can be maintained in axenic culture at 32 degrees C, pH 4.6, with a generation time of approximately 17 hr. This species of Leishmania is of particular interest since it has been associated with cutaneous, diffuse cutaneous, and mucocutaneous forms of the disease. Immunofluorescence, Western and Northern blot analyses, and immunoprecipitation have been used to estimate the expression levels of amastigote or promastigote antigens in axenically cultured amastigotes. In these analyses, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for either the amastigote (A-1, A-2, P-2, P-4, P-5, P-8) or promastigote (M-2, P-9, and F-4) and a DNA probe that was specific for the amastigote gene encoding the protein reactive with mAb P-4 have been employed. The amastigote-like organisms were infective for peritoneal and J774.G8 macrophages and BALB/c mice. While amastigote-like forms maintained at pH 4.6, 32 degrees C transformed to promastigotes when transferred to pH 7.3, 24 degrees C, transformation of promastigotes to amastigote-like organisms required a period of growth at pH 4.6 24 degrees C prior to transfer to 32 degrees C. This is the first report of the axenic cultivation of L. amazonensis amastigote-like organisms. This species grows in continual culture at a lower pH than any other species characterized to date. These organisms will prove useful in further studies of the biochemistry, immunology, developmental biology, and molecular biology of this parasite.
Thyroid hormone signaling specifies cone subtypes in human retinal organoids (2018)

The mechanisms underlying specification of neuronal subtypes within the human nervous system are largely unknown. The blue (S), green (M), and red (L) cones of the retina enable high-acuity daytime and color vision. To determine the mechanism that controls S versus L/M fates, we studied the differentiation of human retinal organoids. Organoids and retinas have similar distributions, expression profiles, and morphologies of cone subtypes. S cones are specified first, followed by L/M cones, and thyroid hormone signaling controls this temporal switch. Dynamic expression of thyroid hormone-degrading and -activating proteins within the retina ensures low signaling early to specify S cones and high signaling late to produce L/M cones. This work establishes organoids as a model for determining mechanisms of human development with promising utility for therapeutics and vision repair.
Quaternion Approach to PMD and PDL Phenomena in Optical Fiber Systems (2004)

In this paper, we introduce the concept of quaternions (which is a generalization of the complex numbers) and quaternion calculus and demonstrate how this theory may be used to simplify the treatment of polarization phenomena in optical fibers. We apply quaternion calculus to two examples: 1) the description of polarization-dependent loss (PDL) elements and concatenation of such and 2) the description of pulse dynamics and broadening in transmission lines with both polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and PDL. Finally we present some novel results from the investigation of pulse broadening in a simple system comprising a PMD element, followed by a perfect polarizer.
Viscoelastic Effects in Multilayer Polymer Extrusion (2006)

Abstract The effect of viscoelasticity on multilayer polymer extrusion is discussed. In these coextrusion processes predetermined patterns are created with a remarkable breadth of complexity even in geometrically simple dies via elastic rearrangements caused by the second-normal stress differences. A computational method is offered, based on the mapping method, which quantitatively describes the flow-induced patterns. Besides that the results are esthetically beautiful, they are also relevant for practice, since process and die design optimization is now possible. Not only to minimize interface distortion, but potentially also to deliberately create new processes and products based on this flow-induced patterning of polymers.
Single apparatus for the precise measurement of the physical properties of liquids at elevated temperature and pressure (1980)

This report describes an instrument designed for measuring the viscosity, surface tension, and density of liquid at elevated temperature (900/sup 0/C) and pressure (10 atm). The theoretical principles, details of construction and operation, and response of the instrument are discussed in detail. As an example of the accuracy of the data generated by this instrument, the thermophysical properties of the molten equimolar mixture of NaNO/sub 3/ and KNO/sub 3/ have been measured at 250 to 450/sup 0/C and are shown to be in excellent agreement with the recommended literature values.
Spectra of Molecular Complexes of Porphyrins in Aqueous Solution<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectra of Molecular Complexes of Porphyrins in Aqueous Solution*D. MauzerallCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 9, 1801–1810Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00885a017https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00885a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views426Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Singing Diplomats</i>: The Hidden Life of a Russian-speaking Choir in Jerusalem (2010)

In a rundown hotel straddling the Green Line in southeast Jerusalem, a group of elderly Russian-Israeli immigrants, long-time residents of the hotel, gathers to sing. Through a portrait of the everyday musical activities of the Diplomat Hotel choir, this article explores the ways in which the choir's activities mediate and reconfigure the immigration experience of those involved. Four case studies illustrate how music affords a rich expressive space within which personal and group identity narratives are framed and re-framed for personal, interpersonal and outside consumption. Through their musical activities, choir members articulate a complex awareness of the issues and challenges they face as immigrants and their own agency in addressing such challenges.
Color image generation and display technologies (2005)

The goal of this article is to provide an overview of the transformations and limitations that occur in color imaging input and output devices. We concentrate on two common recording devices and three common output devices. First we provide an overview of digital scanners and cameras, and then we discuss inkjet and laser printers. Finally, liquid crystal display (LCD) devices are presented.
Unequal error protection of SPIHT encoded image bit streams (2000)

A derivative of the set partitioning into hierarchical trees (SPIHT) image coding method, which generates substreams with different error-resilience properties, is proposed. By dividing the image bit stream into three classes, substreams with different immunity properties are obtained. The unequal protection of these substreams with different channel coding rates improves the overall performance of the method against channel errors. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method over some of the state-of-the-art methods.
Plenary session: driving forces in database technology (2004)

Several forces, with impacts so fundamental that they are akin to tectonic plate movements, are driving the commercial database marketplace. First is hardware commoditization: arrays of low priced computers with high speed interconnects which yield the new cluster based computing capabilities referred to as 'grid,' 'utility,' and 'on-demand' computing, at price points radically lower than standard Moore's law projections. The dramatic reductions in online storage hardware costs now makes it cost effective for companies to keep previously unimagined amounts of complex data online. This will enable V/ULDB projects with petabyte databases such as online image applications and data-driven supply chain management approaches (e.g. RFID) that store huge volumes of highly granular detail information in data warehouses (with significant history of temporal and spatial interest). Second is the Sarbanes/Oxley Act and related compliance activities that are driving mandated security, auditing, high availability, disaster recovery, and data and history retention (V/ULDB size) enhancements. Complex datatype support for documents (XML, image, and text) and geographic referencing and analysis (Spatial), as well as user-defined enhancements, is now the norm for these applications and will be required in data management systems. Complex data requirements combined with Sarbanes/Oxley compliance is yielding a rapid migration from the use of decentralized, unconsolidated file storage to consolidated database repositories of secure, recoverable, auditable content. conditions, evaluate these conditions on stored information (rules and facts), and determine an appropriate action. Databases are becoming de facto rules engine platforms due to their inherent scalability. In the future, entire tables in a large database will be the source and repository of rules, the number of which may be measured in hundreds of thousands and even millions. Another emerging trend is the use of rule-based programming. This is a relatively recent addition to programming technologies that cater to new applications that need to act upon complex input conditions, evaluate these conditions on stored information (rules and facts), and determine an appropriate action. Databases are becoming de facto rules engine platforms due to their inherent scalability. In the future, entire tables in a large database will be the source and repository of rules, the number of which may be measured in hundreds of thousands and even millions.
Piezoelectric activity and thermal stability of cellular fluorocarbon films (2007)

Two methods for preparing piezoelectric fluorocarbon polymers with cellular structure (ferroelectrets) are introduced. Piezoelectric activity of laminated fluorocarbon films made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and fluoroethylenepropylene (FEP) is characterized by quasistatic measurement of piezoelectric d33 coefficient, while the thermal stability of d33 is investigated by their isothermal decay. The results show that the quasistatic d33-coefficients between 500 and 2200 pC/N are obtained for such fluorocarbon films; d33-coefficients are relatively independent of the static pressure in the range of 20 kPa; comparing to cellular polypropylene (PP) film the new fluorocarbon films show not only higher values of d33, but also much better thermal stability; moreover, thermal stability of the fluorocarbon film can be further improved by the process of pre-ageing.
9.3: 32″ WXGA LCD TV using OCB Mode, Low Temperature p‐Si TFT and Blinking Backlight Technology (2005)

Abstract To improve the moving picture quality of TFT LCD‐TVs, a lot of investigations about pseudo‐impulse driving to LCD have been reported, the method of which decreased contrast ratio. In this paper, we have investigated 32 inch‐in‐diagonal HDTV (1366 × 768 pixel) panels using OCB mode, pseudo‐impulse driving, and backlight blinking. High performance of MPRT (8.4 ms), contrast ratio (600:1), brightness (600 cd/m2) and wide viewing angle (>160) have been obtained. It became clear that the only combination of OCB mode using pseudo‐impulse driving and blinking backlight can provide the higher performance required specification of TV application.
Mice Deficient for the Complement Factor B Develop and Reproduce Normally (1998)

Factor B is an essential component of the complement cascade which forms the C3 and C5 convertase of the alternative pathway. Factor B cleavage products also function as cofactors in antibody-independent monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity, macrophage spreading, plasminogen activation and proliferation of B lymphocytes. Several healthy kindreds heterozygous for the factor B null or non-functional allele have been reported but the absence of homozygous factor B deficiency in humans or in animals has been speculated to be caused by the lethality of the phenotype. Here we report the generation of factor B-deficient mice by gene targeting in vivo. These mice were born at the expected Mendelian ratio and they both develop and breed normally in a conventional animal facility. These mice represent a model of complete alternative pathway deficiency. This model enables the dissection of the complement cascade in vivo and the elucidation of the relative contribution of this complement pathway in the various physiological and pathological phenomena ascribed to the complement system.
Multi-energy image stack fusion in computed tomography (2010)

In the past years computed tomography (CT) was adopted to manufacturing metrology rapidly. Due to the main benefit that lies in the volumetric model generated for each measurement object, many application possibilities from non-destructive testing to coordinate measurements of inner and outer features are possible in much shorter time without destroying the sample. However, some limitations apply to the application of CT. First, it is not possible to measure objects of high aspect ratios (ratio width to thickness) as the changing material thickness influences the remaining intensity after the radiation passed through the workpiece. Secondly, parts consisting of different absorbing materials cannot be measured as only the high absorbing components are acquired with a good signal-to-noise ratio, i.e. with high accuracy and low measurement uncertainty. As high radiation energies are necessary to assure remaining intensities greater than zero in the radiographs, low absorbing components are outshone and not visible after reconstruction. The fusion of multi-energy stacks has been developed to deal with these issues. The approach and first measurement results are shown here.
Geometric Surface Features Applied to Volumetric CAE Mesh Models (2005)

In this paper, we discuss a way to extend a geometric surface feature framework known as Direct Surface Manipulation (DSM) into a volumetric mesh modeling paradigm that can be directly adopted by large-scale CAE applications involving models made of volumetric elements, multiple layers of surface elements or both. By introducing a polynomial-based depth-blending function, we extend the classic DSM mathematics into a volumetric form. The depth-blending function possesses similar user-friendly features as DSM basis functions permitting ease-of-control of the continuity and magnitude of deformation along the depth of deformation. Practical issues concerning the implementation of this technique are discussed in details and implementation results are shown demonstrating the versatility of this volumetric paradigm for direct modeling of complex CAE mesh models. In addition, the notion of a model-independent, volumetric-geometric feature is introduced. Motivated by modeling clay with sweeps and templates, a model-independent, catalog-able volumetric feature can be created. Deformation created by such a feature can be relocated, reoriented, duplicated, mirrored, pasted, and stored independent of the model to which it was originally applied. It can serve as a design template, thereby saving the time and effort to recreate it for repeated uses on different models (frequently seen in CAE-based Design of Experiments study).
Chemical vapor deposition and characterization of undoped and nitrogen-doped single crystalline 6H-SiC (1992)

Homoepitaxial growth of single crystalline 6H-SiC layers is performed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). 6H-SiC substrates are grown by a sublimation technique. They have vicinal surfaces inclined 1.5° to 2° from the (0001) plane towards the [11̄00] direction. We report CVD growth at 1600 °C in the hydrogen-silane-propane gas system with nitrogen as a dopant. High quality films are achieved with growth rates of about 1.8 μm per hour. The layers are examined by optical microscopy, infrared reflection, photoluminescence, and Rutherford backscattering. For electrical characterization capacitance-voltage and Hall measurements are performed. Unintentionally doped layers have donor concentrations in the upper 1015 cm−3 range. Electron mobilities of 370 cm2/V s at room temperature and about 104 cm2/V s at 45 K are observed. To the authors’ knowledge this is the highest mobility so far reported for 6H silicon carbide.
[On the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and light with regard to its syncarcinogenic effects (author's transl)]. (1976)

The rapidly growing pollution of the human biosphaere with potentially carcinogenic agents gives increased relevance to questions concerning the interaction of both chemical and physical agents in carcinogenesis. One such combination of environmental agents - that between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and light - which heretofore has received little attention from workers in the field of environmental research, was investigated in the present paper. The phototoxic (cytotoxic) effects of carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbons was demonstrated using ciliates of the species Tetrahymena pyriformis as the sensitive substrate. The experiments were conducted both with the chemically pure compounds and with native soot containing the adsorbed hydrocarbons. The following results were obtained: 1. Phototoxicity for ciliates of the highly carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene may still be demonstrated in dilutions containing but 2 ppb (mug/l) of the substance, while the non-carcinogenic benzo(e)pyrene and fluorenthene are only weakly toxic in much higher concentrations. 2. The combination of benzo(a)pyrene and fluoranthene produced neither an additive nor a quenching effect, i.e., the resulting phototoxicity merely reflected the action of benzo(a)pyrene. 3. No phototoxic effect was observed in case of the fluorescent carcinogen, aflatoxin B1, in concentrations up to 200 ppb. This is taken to indicate that the property of fluorescence of carcinogenic substances by itself does not account for the phototoxic phenomenon. 4. The intense phototoxic activity of native soot ingested by the ciliates was shown to be dependent on the amount of polycyclic hydrocarbons contained. 5. Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the soot particles by extraction with benzene resulted in the loss of phototoxic activity.
A probablistic framework for mapping audio-visual features to high-level semantics in terms of concepts and context (2001)

Multimedia content is an essential part of information technology. However, the difficulty in filtering, searching, and summarizing video has so far hindered the effective utilization of video databases. Users want to filter and query video by high-level (semantic) concepts, while automatic algorithms can extract only low-level features (e.g., color, texture, shape, amount of motion). Bridging this gap is thus the most challenging problem in video (multimedia) indexing, retrieval, and filtering. 
In this thesis we develop a probabilistic framework for mapping low-level features to high-level semantics. This framework consists of representation of concepts using probabilistic multimedia objects (multijects) and representation of contextual constraints of such objects called the multinet. To extract semantics from video, we approach the problem of video understanding as a pattern recognition problem. We develop a framework for modeling the concepts and the context of video content. 
Innovative claims of this research include the following: (1) Efficient and generic probabilistic methods for generating a multimedia lexicon of multijects representing semantic concepts consisting of objects, sites, and events using audio and visual features. This is achieved by using probabilistic pattern recognition techniques for fusing multiple modalities. (2) Probabilistic graphical methods for discovering relationships between different semantic concepts and using these relationships to enforce contextual constraints. This leads to enhanced detection of existing concepts and facilitates detection of concepts not observable directly 
To alleviate the burden of labeling large data sets for the supervised training of the multiject models, we also present a technique to train models using a partially labeled data set. To support query by audiovisual content, we also implement an algorithm based on the principle of dynamic programming. We also incorporate relevance feedback for this paradigm of query. 
The framework is flexible and generic and can therefore be applied easily to applications such as semantic video indexing and filtering, human-computer intelligent interaction, surveillance, and Internet multimedia management.
CERVICAL RIB* (1927)

Rochester, Minn. 1SECTION ON NEUROLOGIC SURGERY, MAYO CLINIC 2FELLOW IN SURGERY, THE MAYO FOUNDATION
Enhanced NFκB and AP-1 transcriptional activity associated with antiestrogen resistant breast cancer (2007)

Altogether, these findings implicate increased NFkappaB and AP-1 transcriptional responses with tamoxifen resistant breast cancer and early metastatic relapse, especially in younger patients. These findings also suggest that agents capable of preventing NFkappaB and AP-1 gene activation may prove useful in restoring the endocrine responsiveness of such high-risk ER-positive breast cancers.
Detection of exhaustion attacks over IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer using fuzzy logic system (2012)

Detection mechanism against distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is a critical component of any security system as these attacks can affect the availability of a node or an entire network. In this work, we focus the exhaustion attacks in IEEE 802.15.4 low rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN) MAC layer. This type of attack not only blocks the ongoing communication in the network, but also causes the wireless nodes to exhaust their energy much earlier than expected. A significant number of malicious attacks against the security in wireless networks have been identified in recent times. Considering the untrusted environments of operations of such networks, the threat of DDoS attacks against constrained sensory resources i.e. sensor power, computation and communication capabilities cannot be overlooked. To increase the reliability of attack detection, it is necessary to provide enhanced detection mechanisms that can determine the actual cause of channel impact. To address this, we designed a fuzzy logic system to detection of exhaustion attacks in IEEE 802.1.5.4 MAC layer. It is an attack detection mechanism which uses an anomaly based approach and operates in a distributed manner and we can distinguish attack scenarios from the impact of traffic load on network behavior. Simulation results provide evidence the effectiveness for achieving detection of exhaustion attacks with improved detection rate.