gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Detection of Bone Metastases in a Murine Model Using Fluorescent Human Breast Cancer Cells: Application to the Use of the Bisphosphonate Zoledronic Acid in the Treatment of Osteolytic Lesions (2001)

A very common metastatic site for human breast cancer is bone. The traditional bone metastasis model requires human MDA-MB-231 breast carcinoma cell inoculation into the left heart ventricle of nude mice. MDA-MB-231 cells usually develop osteolytic lesions 3-4 weeks after intracardiac inoculation in these animals. Here, we report a new approach to study the formation of bone metastasis in animals using breast carcinoma cells expressing the bioluminescent jellyfish protein (green fluorescent protein [GFP]). We first established a subclone of MDA-MB-231 cells by repeated in vivo passages in bone using the heart injection model. On stable transfection of this subclone with an expression vector for GFP and subsequent inoculation of GFP-expressing tumor cells (B02/GFP.2) in the mouse tail vein, B02/GFP.2 cells displayed a unique predilection for dissemination to bone. Externally fluorescence imaging of live animals allowed the detection of fluorescent bone metastases approximately 1 week before the occurrence of radiologically distinctive osteolytic lesions. The number, size, and intensity of fluorescent bone metastases increased progressively with time and was indicative of breast cancer cell progression within bone. Histological examination of fluorescent long bones from B02/GFP.2-bearing mice revealed the occurrence of profound bone destruction. Treatment of B02/GFP.2-bearing mice with the bisphosphonate zoledronic acid markedly inhibited the progression of established osteolytic lesions and the expansion of breast cancer cells within bone. Overall, this new bone metastasis model of breast cancer combining both fluorescence imaging and radiography should provide an invaluable tool to study the effectiveness of pharmaceutical agents that could suppress cancer colonization in bone.
A brief history of decision making. (2006)

Sometime around the middle of the past century, telephone executive Chester Barnard imported the term decision making from public administration into the business world. There it began to replace narrower terms, like "resource allocation" and "policy making," shifting the way managers thought about their role from continuous, Hamlet-like deliberation toward a crisp series of conclusions reached and actions taken. Yet, decision making is, of course, a broad and ancient human pursuit, flowing back to a time when people sought guidance from the stars. From those earliest days, we have strived to invent better tools for the purpose, from the Hindu-Arabic systems for numbering and algebra, to Aristotle's systematic empiricism, to friar Occam's advances in logic, to Francis Bacon's inductive reasoning, to Descartes's application of the scientific method. A growing sophistication with managing risk, along with a nuanced understanding of human behavior and advances in technology that support and mimic cognitive processes, has improved decision making in many situations. Even so, the history of decision-making strategies--captured in this time line and examined in the four accompanying essays on risk, group dynamics, technology, and instinct--has not marched steadily toward perfect rationalism. Twentieth-century theorists showed that the costs of acquiring information lead executives to make do with only good-enough decisions. Worse, people decide against their own economic interests even when they know better. And in the absence of emotion, it's impossible to make any decisions at all. Erroneous framing, bounded awareness, excessive optimism: The debunking of Descartes's rational man threatens to swamp our confidence in our choices. Is it really surprising, then, that even as technology dramatically increases our access to information, Malcolm Gladwell extols the virtues of gut decisions made, literally, in the blink of an eye?
Design and Implementation of the iWarp Protocol in Software. (2005)

The term iWarp indicates a set of published protocol specifications that provide remote read and write access to user applications, without operating system intervention or intermediate data copies. The iWarp protocol provides for higher bandwidth and lower latency transfers over existing, widely deployed TCP/IP networks. While hardware implementations of iWarp are starting to emerge, there is a need for software implementations to enable offload on servers as a transition mechanism, for protocol testing, and for future
La respuesta interna del Reino Unido al terrorismo global: estrategia, estructura y aplicación con especial referencia al papel de la policía (DT) (2007)

Como resultado de la actividad terrorista irlandesa entre 1969 y 2001, la policia britanica ha desarrollado una renombrada competencia en la lucha antiterrorista, en colaboracion con los servicios de inteligencia y las fuerzas militares especiales. La estrategia antiterrorista empleada se centra en el modelo de respuesta al terrorismo basado en la imposicion del cumplimiento de la ley.
A Fluorescent Probe Investigation of the Origin of Superselectivity in Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes (1996)

The fluorescent probes pyrene and Ru(bpy)32+ were used to study the relative locations of cations and anions in microphase separated perfluorinated ionomers. After determining that these probes are located in the interfacial regions that separate the fluorocarbon phase from the ion and water-rich phase, cationic and anionic quencher ions were introduced into the system and changes in fluorescence monitored. Results show that Cs+ is located on the aqueous side of the interfacial region, in close proximity to pyrene, while I- is located deeper into the interfacial region and farther away from the aqueous phase. These differences are greater for carboxylate ionomers than for sulfonate ionomers, in close parallel to their relative abilities to discriminate against anion transport in practical membrane-based applications. These results show that the phenomenon of superselectivity is based on the differences in the average locations and therefore the transport pathways of cations and anions in perfluorinated ionomers.
Structural changes underlying long-term memory storage in Aplysia: a molecular perspective (1994)

The storage of long-term memory in Aplysia is associated with the growth of synaptic connections, new protein synthesis and altered gene expression. These changes can now be induced in dissociated cell culture by repeated presentation of the modulatory neurotransmitter serotonin (5HT) where they are associated with a transient internalization of NCAM-related cell adhesion molecules thought to contribute to axonal outgrowth during development. Thus, learning-related synaptic growth initiated by experience in the adult may share mechanisms in common with the activity-dependent refinement of synaptic connections that shapes the developing nervous system.
Using hypervisors to secure commodity operating systems (2010)

Hypervisors are an excellent tool for increasing the security of commodity software against attack. In this paper, we discuss some of the lessons and insights we gained from designing and implementing four research prototypes that use hypervisors to secure commodity systems. We also compare our findings with other approaches to implementing security in a hypervisor
A Mobile Sound Recording Channel<!--<xref ref-type="other" rid="fn1-10.5594_J14705">*</xref>--> (1938)

During the Conventions of the Society, symposiums on new motion picture apparatus and materials are held, in which various manufacturers of equipment describe and demonstrate their new products and developments. Some of this equipment is described in the following pages; the remainder will be published in subsequent issues of the Journal.
GAN Lab: Understanding Complex Deep Generative Models using Interactive Visual Experimentation (2018)

Recent success in deep learning has generated immense interest among practitioners and students, inspiring many to learn about this new technology. While visual and interactive approaches have been successfully developed to help people more easily learn deep learning, most existing tools focus on simpler models. In this work, we present GAN Lab, the first interactive visualization tool designed for non-experts to learn and experiment with Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), a popular class of complex deep learning models. With GAN Lab, users can interactively train generative models and visualize the dynamic training process's intermediate results. GAN Lab tightly integrates an model overview graph that summarizes GAN's structure, and a layered distributions view that helps users interpret the interplay between submodels. GAN Lab introduces new interactive experimentation features for learning complex deep learning models, such as step-by-step training at multiple levels of abstraction for understanding intricate training dynamics. Implemented using TensorFlow.js, GAN Lab is accessible to anyone via modern web browsers, without the need for installation or specialized hardware, overcoming a major practical challenge in deploying interactive tools for deep learning.
Content-Based Image Retrieval using Shape Information of Central Object (2007)

Images in a database have different sizes, which may not be processed equally. In addition, if normalizing the sizes uniformly, it would inconveniently need another pre-process prior to extracting the characteristics. The study uses the object definition of image and color correlogram in order to re-establish the image retrieval area as an objective area. In addition, to solve deteriorated performance due to color retrieval, the image shape info is used. The defined area is not significantly influenced by background color, so the proposed method may have better results in the retrieval priority.
Membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of hydrophobic nonionic surfactant. (1993)

Membrane fouling in ultrafiltration of hydrophobic nonionic surfactant was investigated, using hydrophilic polyolefin membrane and hydrophobic polysulfone membrane. The polyolefin membrane was hardly fouled by the surfactant. The ultrafiltration flux of the polysulfone membrane decreased drastically at temperatures above the cloud point of the surfactant. Membrane fouling by the surfactant was evaluated in terms of amount of surfactant deposition and wettability of membrane with the surfactant. The ultrafiltration flux was found to be controlled mainly by the initial deposition pattern of the surfactant. It was concluded that antifoam fouling was caused by hydrophobic interaction between the membrane and the surfactant.
A new plasmid-mediated approach to supplement somatotropin production in pigs. (2004)

Tremendous progress has been made in the identification of the stimulatory molecules that regulate growth, the mechanisms of action, and the potential application of these molecules for livestock production. A parallel and significant effort is now focused on the discovery and development of economically feasible gene delivery technologies. Plasmid-mediated GHRH gene transfer has emerged as an excellent candidate for agricultural applications to optimize production and animal welfare. We have engineered a GHRH-expressing plasmid that is efficiently expressed in skeletal muscle following intramuscular injection enhanced by electroporation. The GHRH is synthesized in the injected muscle, from which it is secreted to circulate and stimulate normal pituitary GH production and release. Young pigs directly injected with as little as 0.1 mg of a GHRH-expressing plasmid had greater (P < 0.01) weight gain than controls, and a increase (P < 0.05) in fat-free mass. We also have demonstrated that the offspring of gilts injected intramuscularly at d 85 of gestation with a GHRH-expressing plasmid have optimized growth characteristics due to both improved intrauterine weight gain and enhanced maternal lactation performance. Thus, the piglets from treated gilts were larger at birth and weaning compared to controls and reached market weight earlier (P < 0.001). Additionally, pituitaries collected from this group contained an increased number of somatotrophs and lactotrophs (P < 0.001) at birth and at 100 kg. An additional advantage of administering the GHRH plasmid to the gilt compared with the administration of growth-promoting agents to the individual adult animal is a substantial decrease in offspring morbidity and mortality (P < 0.01), which has always represented a major economic loss for the swine industry.
Targeting the NF-κB and mTOR Pathways with a Quinoxaline Urea Analog That Inhibits IKKβ for Pancreas Cancer Therapy (2013)

These results suggest that 13-197 targets IKKβ and thereby inhibits mTOR and NF-κB pathways. Oral availability along with in vivo efficacy without obvious toxicities makes this quinoxaline urea chemotype a viable cancer therapeutic.
Swelling Kinetics of Polymer Gels (1997)

The kinetics of gel swelling is theoretically analyzed by considering coupled motions of both the solvent and the polymer network. This model avoids the two process approach of Li and Tanaka, in which the solvent motion is indirectly considered. Analytical solutions of solvent and network movement are found from the collective diffusion equations for a long cylindrical and a large disk gel. For a cylindrical gel, the speed of solvent motion is proportional to −r/(2a) along the radial direction and z/a along the axial direction, respectively. Here r and z represent radial and axial coordinates, respectively, and a is the radius of the cylinder. The flow diagram of the solvent is obtained. It is also found that the solvent motion can be independently derived from Li−Tanaka's isotropy and continuity conditions without solving the collective diffusion equations. The swelling behavior is obtained at the gel boundary and also in the interior of the gel.
High-performance piezoelectric nanogenerators based on chemically-reinforced composites (2018)

A high-performance piezoelectric nanocomposite generator (PNG) based on chemically reinforced composites is demonstrated by incorporating amine-functionalized lead zirconate titanate (PZT-NH<sub>2</sub>) nanoparticles into a polymer matrix.
Hidden Markov Models for Coding Story Recall Data (2000)

Current methods of coding recall, summarization, talk-aloud, and question-answering data are inherently unreliable and not effectively documented. If the process of coding protocol data could even be partially automated, this would be an important scientific advance in the field of text comprehension.
Novel Multicomponent and Biocompatible Nanocomposite Materials Based on Few-Layer Graphenes Synthesized on a Gold/Hydroxyapatite Catalytic System with Applications in Bone Regeneration (2011)

We present the synthesis of few-layer graphenes over a novel Au/hydroxyapatite catalytic system by radio-frequency chemical vapor deposition, with acetylene and methane as the carbon sources. The synthesis time was found to influence linearly the dimensions of the graphitic layers and asymptotically their corresponding thermal decomposition temperature. The resulting multicomponent nanocomposite material formed out of graphene layers, Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) supported on the surface of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, was found to have good biocompatibility and induce excellent bone cellular proliferation. Such multicomponent composites could find numerous applications in the area of bone regeneration given the excellent biocompatibility, 3D structure, and unique composition.
Decision Curve Analysis: A Discussion (2007)

Shortly after publication of “Decision curve analysis: a novel method for evaluating prediction models” in Medical Decision Making late last year1, Ewout Steyerberg, wrote to the first author, Andrew Vickers, with some comments and questions. Their discussion is reproduced below.
Plasma Polymerized <i>N</i>-Isopropylacrylamide:  Synthesis and Characterization of a Smart Thermally Responsive Coating (2000)

A lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in an aqueous environment has been observed with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM) deposited onto solid surfaces from a plasma glow discharge of NIPAM vapor. The synthesis and spectroscopic data (ESCA, FTIR) for the plasma polymerized NIPAM (ppNIPAM) shows a remarkable retention of the monomer structure. The phase transition at 29 degrees C was measured by a novel AFM method. The phase transition was surprising because of the expectation that the plasma environment would destroy the specific NIPAM structure associated with the thermal responsiveness. The phase change of ppNIPAM is also responsible for the changes in the level of the meniscus when coated capillaries are placed in warm and cold water. Plasma polymerization of NIPAM represents a one-step method to fabricate thermally responsive coatings on real-world biomaterials without the need for specially prepared substrates and functionalized polymers.
A unified resource scheduling framework for heterogeneous computing environments (2003)

A major challenge in metacomputing systems (computational grids) is to effectively use their shared resources, such as compute cycles, memory, communication network, and data repositories, to optimize desired global objectives. We develop a unified framework for resource scheduling in metacomputing systems where tasks with various requirements are submitted from participant sites. Our goal is to minimize the overall execution time of a collection of application tasks. In our model, each application task is represented by a directed acyclic graph (DAG). A task consists of several subtasks and the resource requirements are specified at subtask level. Our framework is general and it accommodates emerging notions of quality of service (QoS) and advance resource reservations. We present several scheduling algorithms which consider compute resources and data repositories that have advance reservations. As shown by our simulation results, it is advantageous to schedule the system resource separately. Our algorithms have at least 30% improvement over the separated approach with respect to completion time.
<title>Electro-optical imaging array with motion compensation</title> (1993)

An electro-optical (E-O) area array reconnaissance detector has been developed which accomplishes forward motion compensation electronically and without moving parts. The detector is organized into column groups which can be individually clocked at separate and controlled rates to accommodate graded image motion which occurs when viewing objects from a moving platform, such as a reconnaissance aircraft. The advantage of this development is that is permits E-O imaging using area array detectors (i.e., a framing sensor) which allow reconnaissance mission profiles and tactics very similar to those available when using film cameras. These mission profiles and tactics afford a distinct improvement in the survivability of the aircraft and aircrew over current linear `pushbroom' sensor technology.
Thermally‐Activated Pentanol Delivery from Precursor Poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylenevinylene)s for MEMS Lubrication (2012)

The synthesis of two new polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) precursor polymers which can be thermally induced to eliminate pentanol is presented. Pentanol has recently been discovered to be a very useful lubricant in MicroElectroMechanical Systems. The utilization of the elimination reaction of precursor polymers to PPV as a small molecule delivery platform has, to the best of our knowledge, not been previously reported. The elimination reactions were examined using thermal gravimetric analysis, gas chromatography, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. Using PPV precursors allows for (1) a high loading of lubricant (one molecule per monomeric unit), (2) a platform that requires relatively high temperatures (>145 °C) to eliminate the lubricant, and (3) a non-volatile, mechanically and chemically stable by-product of the elimination reaction (PPV).
On the theory of optimal sensor placement (2002)

Abstract On the Theory of Optimal Sensor Placement An optimal sensor placement is defined as a sensor configuration that achieves the minimum capital cost while observing prespecified performance criteria. Previous formulations of this problem have resulted in the definition of a mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) with dimensions dependent on the value of the integer decision variables. The main contribution of this work is an equivalent reformulation of the design problem such that the dimension of the NLP is independent of all decision variables. Additionally, the traditional sensor‐placement problem, based on static process conditions, is extended to linear dynamic processes. The final contribution is the exact conversion of the general NLP into a convex program through the use of linear matrix inequalities. The aggregation of these results show that the sensor‐placement problem can be solved globally and eficiently using standard interior‐point and branch‐and‐bound search algorithms.
Suppression of magnetic vibration and noise of two-pole turbine generators (1941)

The constant striving for improvement in over-all economy in the generation of electric power by steam has resulted in the last three or four years in a rather rapid increase in the capacity of steam turbine generators built to operate at 3,600 rpm. One of the factors contributing to this growth was the progress made in the use of high-pressure and high-temperature steam which led to the application of a number of such turbines for superposition on existing comparatively low-pressure steam plants, as well as for straight through condensing operation. The operating experience with such recently developed 3,600-rpm generators ranging in capacity up to 66,667 kva has been unusually good. The troubles which have been experienced, either mechanical or electrical, have not been of a serious nature.
BAG3 Regulates Motility and Adhesion of Epithelial Cancer Cells (2007)

BAG3 protein binds to and regulates Hsp70 chaperone activity. The BAG3 protein contains a WW domain and a proline-rich region with SH3-binding motifs, suggesting that it may interact with proteins relevant to signal transduction, recruiting Hsp70 to signaling complexes and altering cell responses. BAG3 overexpression has been observed in human cancers. We show here that homozygous BAG3-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) exhibit delayed formation of filopodia and focal adhesion complexes when freshly plated. BAG3-deficient MEFs show reduced cell motility in culture. We observed that endogenous BAG3 protein is highly expressed in many human epithelial cancer cell lines, especially adenocarcinomas. Gene transfer-mediated overexpression of BAG3 increased motility of Cos7 cell and several human cancer cell lines, including breast cancer MCF7 and prostate cancer DU145 and ALVA31 cell lines. Conversely, reduction of BAG3 protein by RNA interference (RNAi) decreased cell motility in four of four epithelial tumor lines tested. We observed an influence of BAG3 on cell adhesion in culture. In Cos7 kidney epithelial cells, BAG3 protein partially colocalizes with actin at the leading edge of migrating cells, wherein active actin polymerization and nucleation occur. RNAi-mediated reductions in BAG3 expression were associated with decreased Rac1 activity, suggesting a role for BAG3 in regulating this small GTPase involved in actin-cytoskeleton dynamics. In mice, RNAi-mediated reductions in BAG3 in a human tumor xenograft suppressed invasion and metastasis in vivo. Thus, the high levels of BAG3 protein seen in some epithelial cancer cell lines may be relevant to mechanisms of tumor invasion and metastasis.