gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second and Subsequent Recurrences of Osteosarcoma: Presentation, Treatment, and Outcomes of 249 Consecutive Cooperative Osteosarcoma Study Group Patients (2008)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of survival estimates derived from large cohorts of unselected patients with second and subsequent osteosarcoma recurrences. It confirms the overwhelming importance of surgical clearance. Prognostic indicators after rerecurrences resemble those known from first recurrence. The exact role of re-treatment with chemotherapy, particularly in the adjuvant situation, remains to be defined.
Dominant mutations in ORAI1 cause tubular aggregate myopathy with hypocalcemia via constitutive activation of store-operated Ca2+ channels (2014)

The store-operated Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel is activated by diminished luminal Ca(2+) levels in the endoplasmic reticulum and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and constitutes one of the major Ca(2+) entry pathways in various tissues. Tubular aggregates (TAs) are abnormal structures in the skeletal muscle, and although their mechanism of formation has not been clarified, altered Ca(2+) homeostasis related to a disordered SR is suggested to be one of the main contributing factors. TA myopathy is a hereditary muscle disorder that is pathologically characterized by the presence of TAs. Recently, dominant mutations in the STIM1 gene, encoding a Ca(2+) sensor that controls CRAC channels, have been identified to cause tubular aggregate myopathy (TAM). Here, we identified heterozygous missense mutations in the ORAI1 gene, encoding the CRAC channel itself, in three families affected by dominantly inherited TAM with hypocalcemia. Skeletal myotubes from an affected individual and HEK293 cells expressing mutated ORAI1 proteins displayed spontaneous extracellular Ca(2+) entry into cells without diminishment of luminal Ca(2+) or the association with STIM1. Our results indicate that STIM1-independent activation of CRAC channels induced by dominant mutations in ORAI1 cause altered Ca(2+) homeostasis, resulting in TAM with hypocalcemia.
Direct recognition of LPS by human but not murine CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells <i>via</i> TLR4 complex (2009)

LPS comprises a major PAMP and is a key target of the immune system during bacterial infection. While LPS can be recognised by innate immune cells via the TLR4 complex, it is unknown whether T lymphocytes, especially CD8(+) T cells are also capable of doing so. We report here that naive human CD8(+) T cells, after activation by TCR stimulation, express surface TLR4 and CD14. These activated CD8(+) T cells can then secrete high concentrations of IFN-gamma, granzyme and perforin in response to LPS. These effects can be specifically inhibited using siRNA for TLR4. Furthermore, LPS can synergize with IL-12 to polarize the CD8(+) T cells into cytotoxic T-cell 1 (Tc1) that produce IFN-gamma but not IL-4, with or without TCR activation. Moreover, CD8(+)CD45RO(+) memory T cells constitutively expressed TLR4 and markedly enhanced IFN-gamma production when stimulated with LPS. In contrast, activated murine CD8(+) T cells lack TLR4 and CD14 expression and fail to respond to LPS for proliferation and cytokine production. Thus, human but not murine CD8(+) T cells are able to directly recognise bacterial LPS via LPS receptor complex and TLR4 provides a novel signal for the activation of effector and memory human CD8(+) T cells.
Develop Acceptance Criteria of Pressure Test of Buried Pipeline Using Uncertainty Analysis (2011)

Hydrotest is one of the most important inspection activities to assess the integrity of pipelines prior to starting transportation of hazardous liquids. If the pipeline is buried, and welds cannot be inspected visually for leak, it is required that the hydrotest pressure is held for 24 h to ensure that the pipeline is leak free. Ideally the pressure should remain constant, but this is practically impossible due to changes in temperature. Pressure and temperature of the pipelines are recorded continuously and evaluated at the end of the test. The pressure drop should be in line with the temperature drop based on compressibility relationship. However, nonconformance is expected due to accuracy of the individual instruments used to measure the pressure and temperature. It is then ambiguous to the evaluator whether the nonconformance is attributed to small leak or to instrument accuracy. In this paper, general uncertainty analysis with parametric study is used in the planning and designing phase of pressure test. The objective is to develop an appropriate acceptance criterion for the pressure test of buried pipelines. Actual field hydrotests are used to illustrate and validate the outcome of the analysis. The results show that high uncertainty values reduce the validity of the actual hydrotest. This is because the test would most probably pass regardless of the actual pressure drop measured.
Timing constraint specification and synthesis in behavioral VHDL (1995)

This paper describes two methods to specify timing constraints in behavioral VHDL for high-level synthesis purposes. The first method specifies timing constraints on sequences of statements by using predefined procedures. The second method provides support for specification of timing constraints across process borders based on concurrent assert statements on signal events. The paper discusses also an approach to synthesize hardware with timing constraints and concentrates in particular on how to ensure consistency between the behavior of the simulation model and that of the synthesized hardware.
Simulation for the current density distribution in a contact spot (1994)

Abstract Contact components have been used widely for switches, relays, and connectors. Although they have a simple structure, they are very reliable, having low resistance at on‐time and high resistance at off‐time, and are relatively immune against external noise. As a result, there has been a constant increase in demand for such components. However, because the contact surface may get contaminated, oxidized, or damaged over a long period of time or just through many cycles of usage, they may fail in conduction. Thus, very little information is available as to the relation between the surface state and the conductive phenomenon. The electric conductivity has been studied in conjunction with the surface state using a finite element method. A current density distribution inside a contact spot was calculated. As a result, when the resistivity of the contact spot is small, the current was found not to distribute uniformly throughout the spot area but increases at the corners of the spot when the spot shape is square. This means that the electric conductivity is proportional to the circumference length of the spot. On the other hand, as the resistivity of the spot increases, the current density at corners and circumferential regions decreases gradually and finally becomes uniform in its distribution over the entire spot region. In this case, the electric conductivity is shown schematically and quantitatively to be proportional to the area.
EXPRESSION OF PROTO-ONCOGENE PIK3CA IN UTERINE CERVICAL CANCER (2008)

Objective To explore the expression of proto-oncogene PIK3CA in cervical cancer and its significance.Methods The expressions of PIK3CA mRNA in normal cervical tissue(15 cases) and cervical cancer tissue(30 cases) were detected by RT-PCR,and PIK3CA protein in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia(CIN,50 cases) and cervical cancer(20 cases) detected by immunochemistry. Results The expressions of PIK3CA mRNA were significantly different between the tissues of normal cervix and cervical cancer(t=2.672,P0.05).In the process from CIN to cervical cancer,the PIK3CA protein products(PI3K and p110a) increased dramatically(Hc=9.968,P0.05). Conclusion The changes of PIK3CA gene is related to the morbidity of cervical cancer,the process of the cancer is followed by increasing expression of PI3K and p110a protein.
A ground-based differential absorption lidar for atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>detection (2016)

The vertical profile of atmospheric carbon dioxide is one of the most significant parameters for carbon cycle study. Ground-based differential absorption lidar (DIAL) is widely accepted as the most compromising technique to obtain vertical profile of atmospheric CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . A container-integrated prototype was demonstrated in this paper. Both the configuration and preliminary results were presented here. This equipment will be tested along with the other 6 equipments of atmospheric soundings in Huainan this year, aiming to deepen our understanding about the interactions within neutral atmosphere layers.
Molecular MR Imaging of Neovascular Progression in the Vx2 Tumor with α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-Targeted Paramagnetic Nanoparticles (2013)

Temporal-spatial patterns of angiogenesis for individual animals were followed to monitor longitudinal tumor progression. Neovasculature enhancement was dependent on the relaxivity of the targeted agent.
Enhanced Pd‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Olefins within Polymeric Microreactors under Organic/Aqueous Biphasic Conditions (2009)

A microreactor of hollow polymeric microspheres with Pd nanoparticles immobilized in its wall is designed for hydrogenation of olefins under organic/aqueous biphasic catalysis. The microreactor has an ability to encapsulate and concentrate olefins within the vacancy of the hollow microspheres in the aqueous phase, and therefore hydrogenation within the microreactors runs efficiently with concentrated reactants under organic/aqueous biphasic condition (see scheme).
The desmoplakin–intermediate filament linkage regulates cell mechanics (2017)

The translation of mechanical forces into biochemical signals plays a central role in guiding normal physiological processes during tissue development and homeostasis. Interfering with this process contributes to cardiovascular disease, cancer progression, and inherited disorders. The actin-based cytoskeleton and its associated adherens junctions are well-established contributors to mechanosensing and transduction machinery; however, the role of the desmosome-intermediate filament (DSM-IF) network is poorly understood in this context. Because a force balance among different cytoskeletal systems is important to maintain normal tissue function, knowing the relative contributions of these structurally integrated systems to cell mechanics is critical. Here we modulated the interaction between DSMs and IFs using mutant forms of desmoplakin, the protein bridging these structures. Using micropillar arrays and atomic force microscopy, we demonstrate that strengthening the DSM-IF interaction increases cell-substrate and cell-cell forces and cell stiffness both in cell pairs and sheets of cells. In contrast, disrupting the interaction leads to a decrease in these forces. These alterations in cell mechanics are abrogated when the actin cytoskeleton is dismantled. These data suggest that the tissue-specific variability in DSM-IF network composition provides an opportunity to differentially regulate tissue mechanics by balancing and tuning forces among cytoskeletal systems.
Proteolytic excision and in situ cyclization of a bioactive loop from an REI‐V<sub>L</sub> presentation scaffold (1994)

Covalent cyclization of peptides is an important tool in structure-function analysis of bioactive peptides, because it constrains the molecule to enrich or exclude the receptor-bound conformation. Previously we described a 2-step procedure for cyclizing purified, native peptides in aqueous solution by reacting a Met or Lys side chain with an iodoacetylated N-terminus (Wood SJ, Wetzel R, 1992a, Int J Pept Protein Res 39:533-539). We show here that the cyclization reaction scheme can be extended to peptides excised from proteins by endo-LysC proteolysis, which generates fragments terminating with Lys. To illustrate the method, we used an immunoglobulin VL domain (REI-VL) with an RGD-containing sequence engineered into its CDR3 and flanked by Lys residues. This REI-VL/RGD hybrid displayed an IC50 of 24 nM for ligand competition at the platelet fibrinogen receptor alpha IIb beta 3. The RGD-containing peptide excised by endo-LysC from the REI-VL presentation scaffold exhibited an IC50 of about 50 nM, and the corresponding cyclized peptide, and IC50 of about 10 nM. Significantly, both the N alpha-acylation and the cyclization reactions occur efficiently even in the context of the other endo-LysC fragments of REI-VL, which suggests that the reaction may prove useful in converting mixtures of endo-LysC products of many proteins into the corresponding cyclic peptides in situ.
Portable Laser Tools For Vibration Measurement (1989)

This paper describes three portable laser tools which have been developed for on-site use by mechanical engineers. They allow non-contact time-resolved vibration velocity measurement of surfaces which are hot, light or rotating and thus complement the accelerometer in situations where use of the latter is precluded. The first two instrutments measure normal to surface oscillation and allow the engineer to simply "point" a laser beam at a surface to obtain a measurement. They are the Laser Vibrometer which has the ability to measure torsional oscillation of rotating components of arbitrary cross-section in situ whilst irnoring solid body motions. All three instruments are currently undergoing commercial development. examples of presented.
Issue of FM to AM conversion on the National Ignition Facility (1999)

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) baseline configuration for inertial confinement fusion requires phase modulation for two purposes. First, approximately 12 angstrom of frequency modulation (FM) bandwidth at low modulation frequency is required to suppress buildup of Stimulated Brioullin scattering in the large aperture laser optics. Also, approximately 3 angstrom or more bandwidth at high modulation frequency is required for smoothing of the speckle pattern illuminating the target by the smoothing by spectral dispersion method. Ideally, imposition of bandwidth by pure phase modulation does not affect the beam intensity. Ideally, imposition of bandwidth by pure phase modulation does not affect the beam intensity. However, as a result of a large number of effects, the FM converts to amplitude modulation (AM). In general this adversely affects the laser performance, e.g. by reducing the margin against damage to the optics. In particular, very large conversion of FM to AM has been observed in the NIF all-fiber master oscillator and distribution systems. The various mechanisms leading to AM are analyzed and approaches to minimizing their effects are discussed.
Free Energy Simulation Studies of the Binding Specificity of Mannose-Binding Protein (1996)

Free energy simulations and standard molecular mechanics calculations have been used to examine the binding specificity of the C-type lectin rat mannose-binding protein. This protein, which is important in inflammation and immunoglobin-independent immune response, recognizes and binds to mannose and high-mannose oligosaccharides but not to galactose. Molecular dynamics simulations were used to estimate the free energy difference between these two sugars in aqueous solution and in the binding site of the protein. While the simulations found mannose to be favored over galactose, interactions with the solvent tended to favor galactose. The calculated binding free energy difference for these two sugars to MBP was 3.1 kcal/mol favoring mannose, approximately twice the experimental value. An estimate of the resolution into components found that enthalpy favored mannose but that entropy favored galactose, a reversal of the situation in solution. From standard MD simulations, the galactose was found to rotate in the binding site away from the mannose orientation found in crystallographic studies.
Peroxynitric Acid Decay Mechanisms and Kinetics at Low pH (1997)

An efficient spectroiodometric method is described for the quantification of peroxynitric acid, HOONO2, and H2O2 in dilute solutions. HOONO2 reacts with I- in acidic media with a rate constant of 1200 ± 300 M-1 s-1. At 22 °C and pH 1.7, in the presence of 1.00 mM Na2EDTA, the average lifetime for HOONO2 thermal decay was found to be 49 ± 26 min, longer than reported in previous work. The addition of Na2EDTA produced longer lifetimes, the longest one observed being 73.9 ± 0.9 min. Cu2+ was found to catalyze HOONO2 decomposition. In the presence of large concentrations of CuSO4, the decomposition rate is independent of CuSO4 and is controlled by the rate of the dissociation reaction: HOONO2 → HO2 + NO2. For this reaction, we found a rate constant of (5.27 ± 0.15) × 1017 s-1 exp(−110.1 ± 1.3 kJ mol-1/RT) from 5.0 to 25.0 °C and an equilibrium constant of (1.5 ± 0.2) × 10-11 M at 25 °C, with an estimated reaction enthalpy of 87 ± 3 kJ mol-1. With the use of auxiliary thermodynamic data, we find that the standard heat of formation of HOONO2(aq) at 25 °C is −111 ± 2 kJ mol-1 and that the standard free energy of formation is 5.5 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1. The Henry's Law constant is 12600 ± 4700 M atm-1, with an enthalpy of solution of −57.1 ± 1.5 kJ mol-1. The decomposition of HOONO2 is base-catalyzed; between 5.0 and 25.0 °C the decay rate constant is (1.16 ± 0.20) × 1016 M s-1 [H+]-1 exp(−126 ± 8 kJ mol-1/RT).
Modeling motion patterns of dynamic objects by IOHMM (2014)

This paper presents a novel approach to model motion patterns of dynamic objects, such as people and vehicles, in the environment with the occupancy grid map representation. Corresponding to the ever-changing nature of the motion pattern of dynamic objects, we model each occupancy grid cell by an IOHMM, which is an inhomogeneous variant of the HMM. This distinguishes our work from existing methods which use the conventional HMM, assuming motion evolving according to a stationary process. By introducing observations of neighbor cells in the previous time step as input of IOHMM, the transition probabilities in our model are dependent on the occurrence of events in the cell's neighborhood. This enables our method to model the spatial correlation of dynamics across cells. A sequence processing example is used to illustrate the advantage of our model over conventional HMM based methods. Results from the experiments in an office corridor environment demonstrate that our method is capable of capturing dynamics of such human living environments.
Probiotic Treatment Using Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 Reduces Weanling Diarrhea Associated With Rotavirus and Escherichia coli Infection in a Piglet Model (2001)

These results show that dietary treatment using B. lactis HN019 can reduce the severity of weanling diarrhea associated with rotavirus and E. coli, possibly via a mechanism of enhanced immune-mediated protection. This study suggests that probiotic treatment may be an effective dietary means of preventing or limiting diarrhea in human infants.
Comparative Analysis of Rhamnolipids from Novel Environmental Isolates of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2013)

Abstract A comparative analysis of rhamnolipids from environmental isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was undertaken to evaluate strain‐specific rhamnolipid fingerprints obtained under different growth conditions. Environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa produced rhamnolipids on different types of substrates, including cheap and renewable sources like sunflower oil from deep fryers and sunflower oil mill effluent. Rhamnolipids were monitored by high‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization interface mass spectrometry, which allowed fast and reliable identification and quantification of the congeners present. The highest concentration of total rhamnolipids of 3.33 g/l was obtained by the strain P. aeruginosa 67, recovered from petroleum contaminated soil, and strains D1 (1.73 g/l) and D2 (1.70 g/l), recovered from natural microbial consortia originated from mazut‐contaminated soil, grown on sunflower oil as a carbon source. Di‐ to mono‐rhamnolipids ratios were in the range of 0.90–5.39 for different media composition and from 1.12 to 4.17 for different producing strains. Rhamnolipid profiles of purified mixtures of all tested strains are similar with chain length from C 8 –C 12 , pronounced abundance of Rha–C 10 –C 10 and Rha–Rha–C 10 –C 10 congeners, and a low content of 3‐(3‐hydroxyalkanoyloxy)‐alkanoic acids. Concentrations of major congeners of RLs were found to slightly vary, depending on strain and growth conditions, while variations in minor congeners were more pronounced. Statistically significant increase of critical micelle concentration values was observed with lowering the ratio of total mono‐ to di‐rhamnolipids ratio indicating that mono‐rhamnolipids start to form micelles at lower concentration than di‐rhamnolipids.
Enterohepatic Recirculation of Drugs as a Determinant of Therapeutic Ratio (1979)

(1979). Enterohepatic Recirculation of Drugs as a Determinant of Therapeutic Ratio. Drug Metabolism Reviews: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 21-41.
[Clinical evaluation of autoantibody of splice variant of BARD1 in detection of ovarian cancer]. (2008)

OV-142 is a splice variant of BARD1. It may be a potential immunotherapy target of ovarian cancer. Detection of autoantibody of OV-142 is a potent complementary tool of CA(125) in ovarian cancer diagnosis.
Organization of a parallel virtual machine (2002)

A virtual parallel machine is presented. The virtual machine includes the following programs: loop parallelization, dependence graph building, scheduling job programs, compiler and simulating programs. The basic principles and ideas, on which the programs were realized, are expounded. It is enumerated the basic opportunities and advantages of the virtual machine. The results of simulation on the virtual machine are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of implant spacer on InP-based self-alignedpseudomorphic SIGFETs (1999)

An InP-based normally-off superlattice-insulated-gate field-effect transistor (SIGFET) with a T-shaped gate structure has been developed using an angled self-aligned implant process. The spacing to the n+ source/drain regions created with this new process increases the breakdown voltage and lowers the gate capacitance. It also reduces the short channel effect while a high gm value is maintained. A cutoff frequency fT of 45 GHz was obtained for the SIGFET with 0.56 µm gate length.
The history and evolution of sutures in pelvic surgery (2011)

The purpose of the study is to review the history and innovations of sutures used in pelvic surgery. Based on a review of the literature using electronic- and hand-searched databases we identified appropriate articles and gynaecology surgical textbooks regarding suture for wound closure. The first documented uses of suture are explored and then the article focuses on the use of knotted materials in pelvic surgery. The development of suture of natural materials is followed chronologically until the present time where synthetic suture is implanted during countless surgeries every day. This millennial history of suture contains an appreciation of the early work of Susruta, Celsus, Paré and Lister, including a survey of some significant developments of suture methods over the last 100 years. Most surgeons know little about the history and science of sutures. A retrospective view of suture is critical to the appreciation of the current work and development of this common tool.
Chlorogenic acids from coffee are absorbed and excreted in human digested fluids. (2007)

This study aimed at investigating human fluids as bioavailability and excretion markers of chlorogenic acids from coffee. Three caffeoylquinic acids and other non-esterified cinnamic acid derivatives were identified in human digestive fluids and plasma. In addition, three dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified in plasma. Our results show, for the first time, that chlorogenic acids from coffee are absorbed in humans, circulate in their blood stream and are partially excreted via saliva and gastro-intestinal fluids.