gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustainable and Safe Construction Biomaterials: Biocements and Biogrouts (2019)

Biocement is a mixture of at least three components: (i) a principal inorganic component producing binding matter, (ii) a component that changes pH and initiates precipitation of binder; and (iii) an enzyme, live microbial cells, or dead but enzymatically active microbial biomass that catalyzes pH changes and/or other biochemical reactions. The inorganic component is usually a dissolved calcium, magnesium, or iron salt which is transformed into a non-dissolved compound. A component that changes pH and supplies CO2 for carbonation is usually urea, nitrate, formate or acetate, that are hydrolyzed, oxidized or reduced under catalytic action of microbial cells or enzyme. Biogrouts are similar to biocements, but used in lower dosages than biocements. Their application objective is to diminish hydraulic conductivity of soil, fractured rocks, or concrete cracks. A principal advantage of biocements and biogrouts over conventional cements and grouts is the low viscosity of their solutions/suspensions; such that biocements and biogrouts can be used for deep penetration into porous soil, fractured rocks, or concrete cracks. There are about 15 different types of biocement/biogrout. The most popular class of biocement and biogrout is abbreviated as MICP (Microbial Induced Calcite Precipitation), and based on the formation and adhesion of calcium carbonate crystals produced from a concentrated solution of calcium ions and urea. The process is used to fill pores and bind particles with calcium carbonate crystals. This is initiated by urea hydrolysis by urease-producing microorganisms but it is not environmentally-friendly process. Specific killing of bacterial cells that leave their urease activity intact increases the biosafety of biocementation/bioclogging processes. Biogrout with killed bacterial cells has been demonstrated to decrease hydraulic conductivity of sand from 5×10-4 m/s to 3×10-8 m/s. To decrease the expense of biocement/biogrout, a bioagent can be produced from hydrolyzed activated sludge. In practice, biocements and biogrouts can be used for strengthening and sealing slopes, agricultural channels, the construction sites, the aquaculture and wastewater treatment ponds, the landfill and soil-polluted sites, the dams and retaining walls, the tunneling space before or after excavation, for the road construction, dust and erosion control, for decontamination of CBRN agents on polluted land and infrastructure, for the coating of the artificial coral reefs or concrete coastal constructions, and many other environmental, agricultural and civil engineering applications.
Source and joint source-channel decoding of variable length codes (2003)

Several publications have shown that joint source-channel decoding (JSCD) could be a powerful technique for taking advantage of residual source redundancy. Furthermore, it appeared that the principle could also be successfully applied to variable length codes (VLCs). This paper gives an in-depth analysis of a new method proposed by Guivarch, Carlach and Siohan (see Data Compression Conference (DCC), Snowbird, Utah, USA, Mar. 2000, p.83-92) and Guivarch, Siohan and Carlach (see International Communication Conference (ICT), Acapulco, Mexico, May 2000, p.872-76) to provide a low complexity soft decoding of VLCs with and without channel coding. Furthermore we also present new results obtained in a video coding context, using a VLC table from the MPEG4 video standard. Compared to separated decoding systems, the gain in signal to noise ratio varies from 0.3 dB up to 2 dB.
Multigigabit 1×10 optical packet switching based on WDM (1992)

Optical switching based on fast tunable lasers offers the possibility of building packet switches of large capacity.1 We previously reported a laser especially fitted for this application.2 This laser can be discretely tuned by a single current to a set of regularly spaced frequencies, and can be switched rapidly among these frequencies. As importantly, the same comb of frequencies can be obtained from a batch of lasers fabricated by the same lithographic process. Furthermore, the frequency values are relatively insensitive to variations of the tuning current around the current values giving access to the set of frequencies. These features can greatly simplify the implementation of an optical packet switch based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We report what we believe is the first demonstration of optical packet switching between ten different destinations at a bit rate of 3 Gbit/s based on this laser.
Architecture and implementation of the reliable router (2005)

Abstract The Reliable Router (RR) is a network switching element targeted to two-dimensional mesh interconnection network topologies. It is designed to run at 100 MHz and reach a useful link bandwidth of 3.2 Gbitlsec. The Reliable Router uses adaptive routing coupled with link-level retransmission and a unique-token protocol to increase both performance and reliability. The RR can handle a single node or link failure anywhere in the network without in terruption of service. Other unique features include a queueless low-latency plesiochronous channel inter face and simultaneous bidirectional signalling.
Numerical Simulation of Compressible Squeezed-Film Damping (1996)

This paper presents the simulation of isothermal compressible squeezed-film damping effects for MEMS devices. The squeezed film governing equation, the isothermal Reynold's equation, is widely used in lubrication theory.
Formal Ontology in Information Systems (2025)

The proceedings contain 20 papers. The topics discussed include: towards applied constructional ontology; on relative ontological commitment; concepts as variable embodiments; charting possible worlds: the quest for meaning in ontologies; the role of plans for qua-events and their effects on part-structure; measuring similarities of literary characters; reinvigorating structured knowledge and ontologies for trustworthy and beneficial AI and robotics; semantic dependency in ontologies; ontology-driven software development: generating java code from OntoUML; and process representation meets operational realization: an architecture for data-driven process ontology application through process mining.
Neural Algebra of Classifiers (2018)

The world is fundamentally compositional, so it is natural to think of visual recognition as the recognition of basic visually primitives that are composed according to well-defined rules. This strategy allows us to recognize unseen complex concepts from simple visual primitives. However, the current trend in visual recognition follows a data greedy approach where huge amounts of data are required to learn models for any desired visual concept. In this paper, we build on the compositionality principle and develop an "algebra" to compose classifiers for complex visual concepts. To this end, we learn neural network modules to perform boolean algebra operations on simple visual classifiers. Since these modules form a complete functional set, a classifier for any complex visual concept defined as a boolean expression of primitives can be obtained by recursively applying the learned modules, even if we do not have a single training sample. As our experiments show, using such a framework, we can compose classifiers for complex visual concepts outperforming standard baselines on two well-known visual recognition benchmarks. Finally, we present a qualitative analysis of our method and its properties.
Mapping alteration minerals at prospect, outcrop and drill core scales using imaging spectrometry (2011)

Imaging spectrometer data (also known as 'hyperspectral imagery' or HSI) are well established for detailed mineral mapping from airborne and satellite systems. Overhead data, however, have substantial additional potential when used together with ground-based measurements. An imaging spectrometer system was used to acquire airborne measurements and to image in-place outcrops (mine walls) and boxed drill core and rock chips using modified sensor-mounting configurations. Data were acquired at 5 nm nominal spectral resolution in 360 channels from 0.4 to 2.45 μm. Analysis results using standardized hyperspectral methodologies demonstrate rapid extraction of representative mineral spectra and mapping of mineral distributions and abundances in map-plan, with core depth, and on the mine walls. The examples shown highlight the capabilities of these data for mineral mapping. Integration of these approaches promotes improved understanding of relations between geology, alteration and spectral signatures in three dimensions and should lead to improved efficiency of mine development, operations and ultimately effective mine closure.
Small-angle light scattering by airborne particulates: Environnement S.A. continuous particulate monitor (2010)

International audience
Functionalization of cotton with carbon nanotubes (2008)

Cotton is one of the most important raw materials for textile and clothing production. Compared with some synthetic polymer fibers, the main drawback of cotton fibers is its poor mechanical properties and its high flammability, and therefore it can not be used for special textiles. Cotton fabrics treated with modern flame-retardant and reinforcement finishes often can not meet rigid military specifications. In this paper, we show the functionalization of common cotton fibers with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). CNT network armors have been fabricated on the surface of cotton fibers using a simple dipping coating method. Due to the reinforcement and protection of CNTs, the cotton textiles exhibit enhanced mechanical properties, extraordinary flame retardancy, improved UV-blocking and super water repellent properties. Considering the exceptional electronic properties of CNTs, these CNTs functionalized cotton fibers will find a variety of applications in high performance fabrics and smart textiles. The method developed in this paper also provides a simple surface coating method to produce CNT–polymer hybrid materials.
ChameleonMask (2015)

Chameleonmask is a telepresence system that shows a remote user's face on the other user's face. While most telepresence systems have been designed to provide a remote user's existence with a teleoperated robot, the system uses a real human as a surrogate for another remote user. To do this, a surrogate user wears a mask-shaped display that shows a remote user's live face, and a voice channel transmits a remote user's voice. A surrogate user mimics a remote user by following the remote user's directions. This design is based on our hypothesis assuming physical and social telepresence can be embodied by such a surrogate human who imitates the remote user. It also eliminates many difficulties of teleoperated robots wandering in the environment. Our pilot study confirmed that people could regard the masked person as a right person.
The single erythrocyte rigidometer (SER) as a reference for RBC deformability (1982)

The SER allows the "deformability" of individual red blood cells to be quantitated by determining their passage time through a pore (d = 5.8 microns, 1 = 50 microns) under the shear stresses of 1.5 Pa-4 Pa. Using this system, we examined the influence of: 1. cytoplasmic viscosity, 2. membrane viscoelastic properties, 3. area to volume relationship. To change these determinants of RBC-deformability, the cells have been altered with 1. Acetylphenylhydrazine (0.016 mol/l), 2. diamide (0.5 mmol/l), 3. osmotic swelling (200 mosm/l) and osmotic shrinking (480 mosm/l) by suspending the cells in hypo- and hypertonic saline. The passage time has been found to be primarily influenced by changes in cytoplasmic viscosity. The same cells when tested in 4 other systems considered to measure RBC-deformability (filtrometer, packed cell viscometry, rheoscope and ektacytometry) behaved differently.
Conjugated linoleic acid rapidly reduces body fat content in mice without affecting energy intake (1999)

Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced body fat accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although CLA feeding reduced energy intake, the results suggested that some of the metabolic effects were not a consequence of the reduced food intake. We therefore undertook a study to determine a dose of CLA that would have effects on body composition without affecting energy intake. Five doses of CLA (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) were studied in AKR/J male mice (n = 12/group; age, 39 days) maintained on a high-fat diet (%fat 45 kcal). Energy intake was not suppressed by any CLA dose. Body fat was significantly lower in the 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% CLA groups compared with controls. The retroperitoneal depot was most sensitive to the effects of CLA, whereas the epididymal depot was relatively resistant. Higher doses of CLA also significantly increased carcass protein content. A time-course study of the effects of 1% CLA on body composition showed reductions in fat pad weights within 2 wk and continued throughout 12 wk of CLA feeding. In conclusion, CLA feeding produces a rapid, marked decrease in fat accumulation, and an increase in protein accumulation, at relatively low doses without any major effects on food intake.
Multicast and Broadcast Enablers for High-Performing Cellular V2X Systems (2019)

This paper focuses on capabilities enabled by 5G connectivity in the cooperative, connected and autonomous cars, and elaborates on two technical enablers. One of the technical enablers consists of a beamformed broadcast/multicast technology that builds on adaptive and robust beam management techniques at the air interface. The other proposed technical component aims to improve the end-to-end architectural design of 5G networks to enable efficient broadcast and multicast transmissions for vehicle-to-anything services. Finally, the key results of multicast and broadcast technical components are described and ongoing and future areas of work and research are detailed.
Neuropsychological deficits in multiple sclerosis after acute relapse (1998)

The findings suggest that certain neuropsychological deficits detected during an acute relapse may be reversible, particularly in patients who initially have mild cognitive impairment.
Chemical Synthesis and Characterization of<i>n</i>-Fattyacyl Mono-Aminoacyl Derivatives of Colistin Nonapeptide (1974)

In order to examine the antimicrobial activity of n-fattyacyl mono-aminoacyl derivatives of colistin nonapeptide (CNP), twenty-one derivatives were synthesized and characterized on their chemical, physicochemical and antimicrobial properties. Five α-amino acids, glycine, l-alanine, dl-aminobutyric acid, dl-norvaline and dl-norleucine, and two ω-amino acids, β-alanine and γ-aminobutyric acid, were first acylated with each of three kinds of acid chloride, n-octanoyl, n-decanoyl and n-dodecanoyl chloride, and then esterified with p-nitrophenol prior to the coupling of those n-fattyacyl amino acids to the terminal threonine of CNP. The coupling reaction was carried out in an aqueous solvent buffered at pH 5.0 without any protection of the γ-amino groups of CNP, as reported previously. All of the derivatives obtained in hydrochloride salts were hygroscopic white amorphous powder showing decomposing points at 180~230°C. Each purified preparation exhibited a ninhydrin positive spot on a paper chromatogram, and each spot coincided with respective inhibitory zone at Rf 0.54~0.72 on a bioautogram obtained with Escherichia coli NIHJ or Bacillus subtilis. The antimicrobial spectra of the fifteen n-fattyacyl α-aminoacyl CNPs against gram-negative bacteria were narrower and the activities are less than those of the corresponding n-fattyacyl derivatives of CNP or colistin. Of n-fattyacyl ω-aminoacyl derivatives, n-dodecanoyl β-alanyl-CNP showed unique antimicrobial spectrum against gramnegative bacteria, in which colistin insensitive Serratia marcescens and Proteus morganii were inhibited at the concentrations of 25 and 50 mcg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, the elongation of the peptide chain in the CNP molecule by an mono-amino acid acylated with n-fatty acid resulted in the reduction of the antimicrobial activity except for a case of β-alanine; the activity seems to depend on the kind of amino acid introduced.
Role of DNA repair in malignant neoplastic transformation of human mammary epithelial cells in culture (1992)

Epithelial cells derived from normal human mammary tissue were examined for capacity to repair radiation-induced chromatin DNA damage. Repair capacity was estimated by quantifying chromatid aberrations in metaphase cells arrested 0.5-1.5 h after X-irradiation during G2. The parental cells at passage 12 had 19 chromatid breaks and 16 gaps per 100 metaphase cells, representing efficient repair. Of two continuous cell lines, derived after benzo[a]pyrene treatment, A1 maintained the efficient repair phenotype through passage 50, while a subline of A1 developed the repair-deficient phenotype characterized by a 3- to 5-fold higher frequency of chromatid breaks or gaps. This line was transformed to tumorigenic cells by HaMSV and SV40 T antigen. The second continuous line B5 and derivatives had 102-165 chromatid breaks and 87-134 gaps per 100 metaphases (deficient repair phenotype). This line was transformed to tumorigenic cells by KiMSV. As reported previously for human epidermal keratinocytes, acquisition of this repair-deficient phenotype appears to be an early requisite step in the malignant neoplastic transformation of human cells in culture.
Selective directed self-assembly of coexisting morphologies using block copolymer blends (2016)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers is an emergent technique for nano-lithography, but is limited in the range of structures possible in a single fabrication step. Here we expand on traditional DSA chemical patterning. A blend of lamellar- and cylinder-forming block copolymers assembles on specially designed surface chemical line gratings, leading to the simultaneous formation of coexisting ordered morphologies in separate areas of the substrate. The competing energetics of polymer chain distortions and chemical mismatch with the substrate grating bias the system towards either line/space or dot array patterns, depending on the pitch and linewidth of the prepattern. This is in contrast to the typical DSA, wherein assembly of a single-component block copolymer on chemical templates generates patterns of either lines/spaces (lamellar) or hexagonal dot arrays (cylinders). In our approach, the chemical template encodes desired local spatial arrangements of coexisting design motifs, self-assembled from a single, sophisticated resist.
Evolving artificial neural networks (2001)

Artificial neural networks (or simply neural networks) are computer algorithms loosely based on modelling the neuronal structure of natural organisms. They are stimulus–response transfer functions that accept some input and yield some output, and are typically used to learn an input–output mapping over a set of examples. For example, the input can be radiographic features from mammograms, with the output being a decision concerning the likelihood of malignancy.
Crystal Structure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lipase in the Open Conformation (2000)

The x-ray structure of the lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 has been determined at 2.54 A resolution. It is the first structure of a member of homology family I.1 of bacterial lipases. The structure shows a variant of the alpha/beta hydrolase fold, with Ser(82), Asp(229), and His(251) as the catalytic triad residues. Compared with the "canonical" alpha/beta hydrolase fold, the first two beta-strands and one alpha-helix (alphaE) are not present. The absence of helix alphaE allows the formation of a stabilizing intramolecular disulfide bridge. The loop containing His(251) is stabilized by an octahedrally coordinated calcium ion. On top of the active site a lid subdomain is in an open conformation, making the catalytic cleft accessible from the solvent region. A triacylglycerol analogue is covalently bound to Ser(82) in the active site, demonstrating the position of the oxyanion hole and of the three pockets that accommodate the sn-1, sn-2, and sn-3 fatty acid chains. The inhibited enzyme can be thought to mimic the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate that occurs during the acylation step of the reaction. Analysis of the binding mode of the inhibitor suggests that the size of the acyl pocket and the size and interactions of the sn-2 binding pocket are the predominant determinants of the regio- and enantio-preference of the enzyme.
Fibroblast growth factor 2 promotes pancreatic epithelial cell proliferation via functional fibroblast growth factor receptors during embryonic life. (1998)

Several investigators have postulated that soluble growth factors are involved in the early development of the pancreas. In many tissues in which soluble factors are implicated in development, these factors act on their target cells through tyrosine kinase receptors. Because we had some preliminary evidence that fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) were expressed in the early pancreas, we investigated the effect of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) during embryonic pancreatic development. For that purpose, we first studied the distribution and the functionality of FGFRs during pancreatic organogenesis. FGFR1 and FGFR4 were shown to be expressed at a high level during early pancreatic development before embryonic day 16, their levels of expression decreasing thereafter. The functionality of FGFR was studied next. It was demonstrated in vitro that both FGF1 and FGF2 induce the expression of NGFI-A mRNA, a useful indicator of functional growth factor-signaling pathways. Finally, the effect of FGF2 on embryonic pancreatic epithelial cell proliferation was studied. It was shown that FGF2 induces the proliferation of pancreatic epithelial cells during embryonic life. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that FGFs are implicated in pancreatic development during embryonic life.
Language decline across the life span: Findings from the nun study. (2001)

The present study examines language samples from the Nun Study. Measures of grammatical complexity and idea density were obtained from autobiographies written over a 60-year span. Participants who had met criteria for dementia were contrasted with those who did not. Grammatical complexity initially averaged 4.78 (on a 0-to-7-point scale) for participants who did not meet criteria for dementia and declined .04 units per year; grammatical complexity for participants who met criteria for dementia initially averaged 3.86 and declined .03 units per year. Idea density averaged 5.35 propositions per 10 words initially for participants who did not meet criteria for dementia and declined an average of .03 units per year, whereas idea density averaged 4.34 propositions per 10 words initially for participants who met criteria for dementia and declined .02 units per year. Adult experiences, in general, did not moderate these declines.
Hemostatic Function of Apheresis Platelets Stored at 4°C and 22°C (2013)

Apheresis platelets stored at 4°C maintain more viable metabolic characteristics, are hemostatically more effective, and release fewer proinflammatory mediators than apheresis platelets stored at RT over 5 days. Given the superior bacteriologic safety of refrigerated products, these data suggest that cold-stored platelets may improve outcomes for acutely bleeding patients.