gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalable Multi-label Classification (2010)

Multi-label classification is relevant to many domains, such as text, image and other media, and bioinformatics. Researchers have already noticed that in multi-label data, correlations exist between labels, and a variety of approaches, drawing inspiration from many spheres of machine learning, have been able to model these correlations. However, data sources from the real world are growing ever larger and the multi-label task is particularly sensitive to this due to the complexity associated with multiple labels and the correlations between them. Consequently, many methods do not scale up to large problems. This thesis deals with scalable multi-label classification: methods which exhibit high predictive performance, but are also able to scale up to larger problems. The first major contribution is the pruned sets method, which is able to model label correlations directly for high predictive performance, but reduces overfitting and complexity over related methods by pruning and subsampling label sets, and can thus scale up to larger datasets. The second major contribution is the classifier chains method, which models correlations with a chain of binary classifiers. The use of binary models allows for scalability to even larger datasets. Pruned sets and classifier chains are robust with respect to both the variety and scale of data that they can deal with, and can be incorporated into other methods. In an ensemble scheme, these methods are able to compete with state-of-the-art methods in terms of predictive performance as well as scale up to large datasets of hundreds of thousands of training examples. This thesis also puts a special emphasis on multi-label evaluation; introducing a new evaluation measure and studying threshold calibration. With one of the largest and most varied collections of multi-label datasets in the literature, extensive experimental evaluation shows the advantage of these methods, both in terms of predictive performance, and computational efficiency and scalability.
Near End Listening Enhancement Optimized With Respect To Speech Intelligibility Index And Audio Power Limitations (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Coherent Coupling of Remote Spin Ensembles via a Cavity Bus (2017)

We report coherent coupling between two macroscopically separated nitrogen-vacancy electron spin ensembles in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system. The coherent interaction between the distant ensembles is directly detected in the cavity transmission spectrum by observing bright and dark collective multiensemble states and an increase of the coupling strength to the cavity mode. Additionally, in the dispersive limit we show transverse ensemble-ensemble coupling via virtual photons.
Molecular and immunological characterization of OprL, the 18 kDa outer-membrane peptidoglycan-associated lipoprotein (PAL) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1997)

Immunological screening of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa cosmid library led to the identification of clones producing an 18 kDa outer-membrane protein. This protein reacted in Western blots with a polyclonal antiserum against outer-membrane proteins of P. aeruginosa and with a monoclonal antibody (MA1-6) specific for OprL, the peptidoglycan-associated outer-membrane lipoprotein (PAL). Sequencing of pOML7, a subclone expressing oprL, revealed an ORF of 504 bp encoding a polypeptide with a typical lipoprotein signal recognition sequence. Another ORF was found upstream of oprL, with homology to the TolB protein of Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae. Downstream of oprL, a second ORF, of 321 bp, was found (orf2), encoding a protein with a signal peptide and with no homology with proteins of known biological function. After the stop codon of orf2, a rho-independent terminator sequence was detected which is part of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 insertion element IS222. OprL showed homologies with all known PALs from Gram-negative bacteria, especially in the C-terminal part. mAb MA1-6 reacted with P. aeruginosa cells in immunofluorescence, and with E. coli cells expressing oprL, which had an abnormal, elongated morphology, an indication that production of the protein perturbed the division process.
Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein-Dependent Multidrug Resistance by an Isoquinolinesulfonamide Compound H-87 in Rat Ascites Hepatoma AH66 Cells. (1996)

The effects of an isoquinolinesulfonamide compound, H-87, on naturally acquired multidrug-resistance (MDR) in rat hepatoma AH66 cells were examined. AH66 cells were highly resistant to vinblastine, SN-38, an active camptothecin analog, adriamycin, and etoposide, compared with the sensitive variant AH66F cells. Although H-87 hardly affected the sensitivities to antitumor agents of AH66F cells, this compound completely inhibited the resistance to vinblastine, moderately inhibited the resistance to SN-38 and adriamycin and had little effect on etoposide, mitomycin C, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil. H-87 significantly decreased the efflux of vinblastine from the resistant cells and increased the drug accumulation. SN-38 and adriamycin also exhibited a weak but significant increase in vinblastine accumulation in AH66 cells. H-87 inhibited [3H]azidopine-photolabeling to 160 kDa P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane of AH66 cells, as reported in acquired MDR leukemic cells. Consequently, the MDR-overcoming effect of H-87 seems to be due to its direct inhibition of the binding of antitumor agents on P-glycoprotein in the plasma membrane.
All-Electronic Telephone Set With Low-Voltage Operating Circuit and Piezoelectric Transducers (1982)

Recently, new telephone sets have been expected to have various features and styles. Current LSI technology has become able to help satisfy these needs.
Recent Trends in California Hispanic Fertility Rates — a Comparative Analysis (2003)

In this article we did a comparative analysis of recent trends and differentials in Hispanic fertility rates in the State of California. Hispanics, largely composed of individuals of Mexican origins, were the largest racial/ethnic minority population in the State of California from 1999 to 2001, composing roughly 30 percent of the population, contributed approximately 50 percent of the births during this period. Hispanics, compared to other racial/ethnic groups, have high teenage fertility rates, which persist throughout the reproductive years. Hispanic total fertility rates were well above replacement level fertility and higher than those of other racial/ethnic populations. Two prime policy issues related to human reproduction emerged from an analysis of the data—education and medical care. Although teenage fertility rates declined for all racial/ethnic groups during this period, they still remain high, especially for Hispanics and also for Blacks and American Indians, highlighting the need for education on human reproduction for teenagers. With high teenage fertility rates and a diverse racial/ethnic population, the need for more pervasive prenatal care, especially in the first trimester, also emerged as a significant policy issue. / En este artículo hicimos un análisis comparativo de tendencias recientes y diferenciales en las tasas de fertilidad de hispanos en el estado de California. Hispanos, los cuales están compuestos mayormente por individuos de origen Mexicano, fueron el grupo étnico/racial mas grande de la población minoritaria en el estado de California desde el 1999 a el 2001, de manera que componen más o menos 30 porciento de la población y contribuyen a aproximadamente 50 porciento de los nacimientos en este periodo. Hispanos, comparados con otros grupos étnicos/raciales, tienen altas tasas de fertilidad adolescente, las cuales persisten a través de sus años reproductivos. Las tasas totales de fertilidad para Hispanos estuvieron bastante sobre el nivel de reemplazo de fertilidad y más altas que aquellas de otras poblaciones étnicas/raciales. Dos asuntos de política relacionados a la reproducción humana salieron del análisis de la data- educación y cuidado médico. Aunque las tasas de fertilidad para adolescentes disminuyó para todos los grupos étnicos/raciales en este periodo, todavía permanecen muy altas, especialmente para los hispanos pero también para afro-americanos e Indios Americanos, señalando la necesidad de educar a nuestros adolescentes acerca de la reproducción humana. Con las altas tasas de fertilidad de adolescentes y una población étnica/racial tan diversa, existe la necesidad para cuidados prenatales más permeables, especialmente en el primer trimestre de embarazo, lo cual también surgió ser un tema de política muy significante.
Synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters by modified lipase (1999)

A simple synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters was developed in a nonaqueous solution using lipase modified by synthetic detergent. Esterification of sugar was accelerated by continuous removal of water from the reaction mixture with a molecular sieve. When glucose and palmitic acid (1:1 by mole) were used as the starting substrates, more than 90% of glucose was converted to its ester in this system. The resultant product was 6-O-palmitoylglucose. Other mono- or disaccharides were also esterified by the modified lipase with high yield. It was shown that the modified lipase might act as a catalyst for the synthesis of sugar fatty acid esters. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 64: 267–271, 1999.
Update on mucormycosis pathogenesis (2013)

Recent discoveries introduce several potentially novel diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, which are likely to improve management and outcome for mucormycosis. Future preclinical and clinical research is warranted to develop these diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.
Age differences in health care spending, fiscal year 1975. (1976)

This report of health care spending in fiscal year 1975 reveals that of the $103.2 billion spent by the Nation for personal health care, 15 percent was spent for those under age 19, 56 percent for persons aged 19-64, and 29 percent for those aged 65 or older. The average health care bill for the oldest group was $1,360; it was $472 for the intermediate age group and $212 for the young. Third-party payments met 71 percent of the aged group's health care expense and 66 percent of the health expenditures of persons under age 65. Public funds paid for one-fourth of the health expenses of the young, nearly one-third of the health bills of those aged 19-64, and two-thirds of those of the aged. Medicare alone paid 72 percent of the hospital expense for the aged and 54 percent of their doctor bills. The average direct payment by the consumer amounted to $390 for those aged 65 and older and $128 for persons under age 65.
40 Gbit/s photonic packet compression and decompressionby supercontinuum generation (2001)

10 Gbit/s-to-40 Gbit/s photonic packet compression and 40 Gbit/s-to-10 Gbit/s photonic packet decompression are experimentally demonstrated by using supercontinuum generation followed by spectrum-slicing and optical time-gating followed by time-shifting.
Formal specification of role-based security policies for clinical information systems (2005)

Many healthcare organizations have transited from their old and disparate business models based on ink and paper to a new, consolidated ones based on electronic patient records. There are significant demands on secure mechanisms for collaboration and data sharing among clinicians, patients and researchers through clinical information systems. In order to fulfil the high demands of data protection in such systems, we believe that access control policies play an important role to reduce the risks to confidentiality, integrity, and availability of medical data. In this paper, we attempt to formally specify access control policies in clinical information systems which are highly dynamic and complex environments. We leverage characteristics of temporal linear first-order logic to cope with dynamic access control policies in clinical information systems.
Median Nerve Excursion during Endoscopic Carpal Tunnel Release (2004)

The single-portal ECTR does not seem to influence the median nerve excursion for the wrist positions studied in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. The results from this in vivo study showed longitudinal gliding of the median nerve twice as great as in in vitro studies.
Using UWB Gaussian pulses for inter-vehicle communications (2005)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radio is a candidate technology for future wireless communications. It uses very short pulses, so that the spectrum of the emitted signals may spread over several GHz. An inter-vehicle communication system based on UWB technology is studied. Two waveforms are compared: Gaussian and monocycle pulses. A 2 GHz pulse generator is associated with an antipodal (AP) modulator in the first case and with a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulator in the second case. The numerical receiver and the detection algorithm are described. The performance of the matched filter receiver is evaluated in the case of multipath propagation with additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The European Telecommunication Systems Institute (ETSI) rural area (RA) channel has also been considered. The bit error rate (BER) values are calculated for the two UWB waveforms and the time jitter problem is also addressed. It is shown that the AP-coded Gaussian pulses waveform is the best signalling waveform among those studied here, with the supplementary advantages of a very low sensitivity to multipath effects and to jitter, together with much lower error rates.
Injectable, degradable, electroactive nanocomposite hydrogels containing conductive polymer nanoparticles for biomedical applications (2016)

Injectable electroactive hydrogels (eGels) are promising in regenerative medicine and drug delivery, however, it is still a challenge to obtain such hydrogels simultaneously possessing other properties including uniform structure, degradability, robustness, and biocompatibility. An emerging strategy to endow hydrogels with desirable properties is to incorporate functional nanoparticles in their network. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of an injectable hydrogel based on oxidized alginate (OA) crosslinking gelatin reinforced by electroactive tetraaniline-graft-OA nanoparticles (nEOAs), where nEOAs are expected to impart electroactivity besides reinforcement without significantly degrading the other properties of hydrogels. Assays of transmission electron microscopy, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance, and dynamic light scattering reveal that EOA can spontaneously and quickly self-assemble into robust nanoparticles in water, and this nanoparticle structure can be kept at pH 3~9. Measurement of the gel time by rheometer and the stir bar method confirms the formation of the eGels, and their gel time is dependent on the weight content of nEOAs. As expected, adding nEOAs to hydrogels does not cause the phase separation (scanning electron microscopy observation), but it improves mechanical strength up to ~8 kPa and conductivity up to ~10(-6) S/cm in our studied range. Incubating eGels in phosphate-buffered saline leads to their further swelling with an increase of water content <6% and gradual degradation. When growing mesenchymal stem cells on eGels with nEOA content ≤14%, the growth curves and morphology of cells were found to be similar to that on tissue culture plastic; when implanting these eGels on a chick chorioallantoic membrane for 1 week, mild inflammation response appeared without any other structural changes, indicating their good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. With injectability, uniformity, degradability, electroactivity, relative robustness, and biocompatibility, these eGels may have a huge potential as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and matrix for stimuli responsive drug release.
Rapid Thermal Annealing of Arsenic Implanted Monocrystalline Silicon (1991)

A systematic study of the effects of various implantation and annealing conditions during the rapid thermal annealing of arsenic implanted (100) silicon is reported. An amorphous layer is created in the material by implantation and good recrystallization is achieved by the annealing process. Annealing above 1000 °C shows a significant spreading of the dopant profile and piling up of As near the surface region. Annealing beyond 1100 °C results in As outdiffusion from the piled up zone and the outdiffusion is stopped by a 90 nm SiO2 cap on the Si surface. Arsenic diffusion and outdiffusion are modelled by solving the one dimensional Fick's equation with semi infinite boundary conditions using a concentration and temperature dependent diffusion coefficient D(C, T), and assuming that the dopant outdiffusion through the surface is a thermally activated process. The arsenic diffusion is classically attributed to As+V− and As+V0 pairs with the related concentration dependent diffusion coefficients taken from the literature. Die Einflüsse unterschiedlicher Implantations- und Ausheilbedingungen während der schnellen thermischen Ausheilung von Arsen-implantiertem (100)-Silizium werden systematisch untersucht. Durch Implantation wird eine amorphe Schicht im Material gebildet und gute Rekristallisation durch den Temperungsprozeß erreicht. Ausheilung oberhalb 1000 °C zeigt eine beträchtliche Verbreiterung des Dotandenprofils und Ansammlung von As in der Nähe des Oberflächenbereichs. Temperung über 1100 °C hinaus führt zu As-Ausdiffusion aus der Ansammlungszone und die Ausdiffusion wird durch einen 90 nm SiO2-überzug auf der Si-Oberfläche gestoppt. Arsendiffusion und -ausdiffusion werden durch Lösen der eindimensionalen Fickschen Gleichung mit halbunendlichen Grenzbedingungen modelliert, wobei ein konzentrations- und temperaturabhängiger Diffusionskoeffizient, D(C, T) benutzt und angenommen wird, daß die Dotandenausdiffusion über die Oberfläche ein thermisch aktivierter Prozeß ist. Die Arsendiffusion wird in klassischer Weise As+V− und As+V0-Paaren zugeordnet, wobei die betreffenden konzentrationsabhängigen Diffusionskoeffizienten aus der Literatur entnommen werden.
Optimal control of ultrasoft cantilevers for force microscopy (1998)

The goals of optimal control in force microscopy are: (1) to obtain favorable cantilever dynamic properties and (2) to control the cantilever to a desired amplitude, while (3) exerting as little control force as possible, and (4) preserving the force signal-to-noise ratio of the uncontrolled cantilever. This article describes the experimental implementation of an optimal controller that achieves these goals. The application of this controller to an ultrasoft cantilever with spring constant of 110 μN/m at 10 K reduced the resonant quality from 15 000 to 220, reduced the Brownian amplitude from 11.2 Å to 1.4 Å, used less than 7×10−17 N of control effort, left the force sensitivity unaltered at 9.8×10−18 N/ Hz, and demonstrated feedback control can force cantilever motion to track a reference input.
Apolipoprotein J/Clusterin Is a Novel Structural Component of Human Erythrocytes and a Biomarker of Cellular Stress and Senescence (2011)

We propose that sCLU at the mature RBCs is not a silent remnant of the erythroid precursors, but an active component being functionally implicated in the signalling mechanisms of cellular senescence and oxidative stress-responses in both healthy and diseased organism. The reduced sCLU protein levels in the RBCs membrane following cell exposure to various endogenous or exogenous stressors closely correlates to the levels of cellular senescence and redox imbalance markers, suggesting the usefulness of sCLU as a sensitive biomarker of senescence and cellular stress.
New Transient Detection Circuit for On-Chip Protection Design Against System-Level Electrical-Transient Disturbance (2010)

A new transient detection circuit for on-chip protection design against system-level electrical-transient disturbance is proposed in this paper. The circuit function to detect positive or negative electrical transients under system-level electrostatic-discharge (ESD) and electrical-fast-transient (EFT) testing conditions has been investigated by HSPICE simulation and verified in silicon chip. The experimental results in a 0.18-μm complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process have confirmed that the new proposed on-chip transient detection circuit can successfully memorize the occurrence of system-level electrical-transient disturbance events. The output of the proposed on-chip transient detection circuit can be used as a firmware index to execute the system recovery procedure. With hardware/firmware codesign, the transient disturbance immunity of microelectronic products equipped with CMOS integrated circuits under system-level ESD or EFT tests can be significantly improved.
The no-touch technique of harvesting the saphenous vein for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (2009)

A new 'no-touch' (NT) technique of saphenous vein (SV) preparation for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery was developed where the vein is harvested with a pedicle of surrounding tissue, which protects the vein from spasm therefore obviating the need for distension. The adventitial layer and the structures contained within the cushion of surrounding tissue possess both mechanical and functional properties that protect the vein from spasm and ischemia. In addition, the surrounding tissue supports excessively long vein grafts and prevents kinking. A detailed description of the technique is presented and this is the first time we publish the technique as a videoclip.
The design of polymers for contact lens applications (1976)

Abstract The use of thermoplastics, elastomers and hydrogel polymers in contact lens applications is discussed in terms of the balance of properties required for the lens to function in a satisfactory manner. Although there are several thermoplastics that would appear to offer advantages over poly(methyl methacrylate), the most widely used polymer, the inherent disadvantages are in each case too great. The clarity, toughness, physiological inactivity and ease of fabrication are shared by many polymers, but its critical surface tension governing as it does the maintenance of a coherent tear film on the lens surface is unique amongst materials that are otherwise acceptable. The development of hydrogel polymers is discussed in terms of the potential use of this group of polymers in lenses designed for continuous as distinct from daily wear. The specific requirements of such a lens are considered in the light of the properties possessed by the cornea. Apart from the optical properties of thin (∼0.2 mm) sections of material, the most important parameters are oxygen permeability (since the cornea is avascular a relatively high permeability is required), mechanical properties (the material must be soft enough to avoid discomfort but rigid enough to resist deformation during eyelid movement) and surface hydrophilicity (most conveniently described in terms of the critical surface tension phenomena).