gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lateral and longitudinal vehicle control coupling for automated vehicle operation (1999)

This paper covers developments in the control integration part of the automated highway system (AHS) program of the California Partners for Advanced Transportation and Highways (PATH). The control integration project investigates the potential for improving controller performance through an integrated design of a combined steering and speed controller specifically designed to address the coupling between the steering and speed controls. The following results are presented: (1) the identification and characterization of the various coupling effects through an analysis of vehicle dynamics; (2) the design of a combined controller which compensates for the coupling effects; and, (3) the evaluation of the improvements contributed by the coupling compensation through simulations and through experiments on full-scale test vehicles. Sliding control and dynamic surface control (DSC) methods are used to facilitate the inclusion of the complex, nonlinear coupling effects in the controller derivation. A multiple-rate observer is designed to obtain a lateral velocity estimate which is essential to the implementation of the controller on the test vehicle. Simulations and experiments show that the coupling compensation does improve controller performance and that the combined controller is robust to modeling imperfections and vehicle parameter variations. The combined controller described in this paper may be the ideal basis for future implementation of the automated highway system.
VFH+: reliable obstacle avoidance for fast mobile robots (2002)

This paper presents further improvements on the earlier vector field histogram (VFH) method developed by Borenstein-Koren (1991) for real-time mobile robot obstacle avoidance. The enhanced method, called VFH+, offers several improvements that result in smoother robot trajectories and greater reliability. VFH+ reduces some of the parameter tuning of the original VFH method by explicitly compensating for the robot width. Also added in VFH+ is a better approximation of the mobile robot trajectory, which results in higher reliability.
Correlation between Surface and Intracardiac Electrocardiogram in a Patient with Inappropriate Defibrillation Shocks Due to Hyperkalemia (2009)

A 39-year-old man received implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) shocks during sinus rhythm, triggered by an increase in amplitude and oversensing of intracardiac T waves, caused by hyperkalemia. After treatment of hyperkalemia, the T wave morphology normalized, and oversensing and inappropriate ICD shocks were eliminated. Alteration of the intracardiac electrogram was well correlated to the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. Intracardiac T waves can be altered by hyperkalemia and it seems that this alteration can be estimated by surface ECG analysis.
The Role of Blood Pressure and Aldosterone in the Production of Hemorrhagic Stroke in Captopril-Treated Hypertensive Rats (1997)

Elevations in plasma aldosterone enhance stroke development within captopril-treated SHRSP through mechanisms that do not involve stimulation of mineralocorticoid receptors or the enhancement of hypertension. The antistroke effects of captopril treatment may be partially mediated through the suppression of plasma aldosterone.
Deadlock-free packet switching networks (1979)

Deadlock is one of the most serious system failures that can occur in a computer system or a network. Deadlock states have been observed in existing computer networks emphasizing the need for carefully designed flow control procedures (controllers) to avoid deadlocks. Such a deadlock-free controller is readily found if we allow it global information about the overall network state. Generally, this assumption is not realistic, and we must resort to deadlock free local controllers using only packet and node information. We present here several types of such controllers, we study their relationship and give a proof of their optimality with respect to deadlock free controllers using the same set of local parameters.
Post-translational regulation in plants employing a diverse set of polypeptide tags (2005)

The concept that plants exploit polypeptides as post-translational modifiers is rapidly emerging as an important method to manipulate various cellular processes. The best known is Ub (ubiquitin) that serves as reusable tag for selective protein degradation by the 26 S proteasome and for endosomal trafficking. Genomic analyses indicate that Ub pathway alone comprises over 6% of the Arabidopsis proteome with thousands of proteins being targets. Consequently, this pathway influences much of plant biology. Others tags include RUB-1 (related to Ub-1; also known as NEDD8), SUMO (small Ub-like modifier), ATG-8 (autophagy-8) and ATG-12, UFM-1 (Ub-fold modifier-1) and HUB-1 (homology to Ub-1). Preliminary studies indicate that these tags have much more limited sets of targets and provide more specialized functions, including transcriptional regulation, protein localization, autophagic turnover and antagonizing the effects of Ub. On the basis of their widespread distribution and pervasive functions, peptide tags can now be considered as prime players in plant cell regulation.
Instability of a Partially Ionized Plasma in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Fields (1963)

A weakly ionized plasma in a uniform magnetic field is considered. Application of a potential across the magnetic field results in a steady current flow, owing to the finite conductivity. It is shown that this steady state is unstable if the plasma density is nonuniform in the direction of the applied electric field and if the applied potential is large enough. It is necessary that the sign of the product of the electric field and the density gradient be positive.
Multistage anti-spoof GPS interference correlator (MAGIC) (2015)

With the proliferation of GPS jammers and spoofers, commercial GPS receivers need robust anti-jam (AJ)/anti-spoofing (AS) solutions to ensure the future integrity of precision navigation and timing (PNT) solutions. The AJ/AS challenge is perhaps greatest when confronting the size, weight, power (SWaP) constraints of commercial applications that typically have GPS receivers with single antenna configurations and limited intrinsic AJ/AS capability. This article focuses on a newly developed single antenna AJ/AS solution known as MAGIC. Our approach applies a reduced-rank MMSE based C/A code correlator for single antenna GPS receivers that replaces a standard C/A code correlator for enhanced AJ/AS capability.
Turnaround time, Part 1. Turnaround time down sharply, yet clients want results faster. (1993)

In 1980, a 3-hour turnaround time was acceptable to most clinicians. This year, according to MLO's latest national survey, they want results in closer to an hour.
Quantitative Aspects of Nitrosamine Denitrosation (1994)

The kinetics of denitrosation of nitrosamines have been studied under acid conditions in the presence of a sufficient quantity of a nitrous acid trap which ensures that denitrosation to the secondary amine is irreversible. A range of nitrous acid traps, nucleophilic catalysts and solvent systems have been examined for five representative nitrosamine structures in an attempt to establish the most favourable experimental conditions for effecting denitrosation.
Construction of an efficient amylolytic industrial yeast strain containing DNA exclusively derived from yeast (2001)

An amylolytic industrial yeast strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing the Schwanniomyces occidentalis SWA2 amylase gene was generated. The new strain contains DNA derived exclusively from yeast and expresses a high starch hydrolyzing activity. Yeast transformation was carried out by an integrative process targeted to a dispensable upstream region of the ILV2 locus, which determines sulfometuron resistance. The SWA2 enzyme was constitutively expressed under the ADH1 promoter. The growth, substrate utilization and fermentative capacity of this organism are described.
Electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube and alumina composites (2006)

Alumina/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites with different MWNT contents ranging from 0.5to10vol% were prepared by spark plasma sintering technique. The dc electrical conductivity and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated and percolation theory was applied to demonstrate the electrical property transition from insulator to conductor. The experimental results have shown that the electrical conductivity increased sharply as the content of MWNTs was close to percolation threshold of 0.79vol%. In the low frequency range, the dielectric constant reached as high as 5000 when the content of MWNTs was at 1.74vol% and nearly frequency independent.
On identification disclosure and prediction disclosure for microdata (1992)

Two definitions of statistical disclosure ‐ identification disclosure and prediction disclosure ‐ are compared. Identification disclosure implies prediction disclosure but not vice versa. It is argued, however, that if sampling takes place then cases where prediction disclosure occurs and identification disclosure does not either have very small probability or do not present disclosure problems different from those normally met in the release of aggregate statistics. Finally the estimation of population uniqueness using the Poisson‐Gamma model is considered.
Cevoglitazar, a Novel Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α/γ Dual Agonist, Potently Reduces Food Intake and Body Weight in Obese Mice and Cynomolgus Monkeys (2010)

Cevoglitazar is a dual agonist for the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha and -gamma subtypes. Dual activation of PPARalpha and -gamma is a therapeutic approach in development for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic dyslipidemia. In this report, we show that, in addition to improving insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism like other dual PPAR agonists, cevoglitazar also elicits beneficial effects on energy homeostasis in two animal models of obesity. In leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, administration of cevoglitazar at 0.5, 1, or 2 mg/kg for 18 d led to acute and sustained, dose-dependent reduction of food intake and body weight. Furthermore, plasma levels of glucose and insulin were normalized after 7 d of cevoglitazar treatment at 0.5 mg/kg. Plasma levels of free fatty acids and triglycerides were dose-dependently reduced. In obese and insulin-resistant cynomolgus monkeys, treatment with cevoglitazar at 50 and 500 mug/kg for 4 wk lowered food intake and body weight in a dose-dependent manner. In these animals, cevoglitazar also reduced fasting plasma insulin and, at the highest dose, reduced hemoglobin A1c levels by 0.4%. These preclinical results demonstrate that cevoglitazar holds promise for the treatment of diabetes and obesity-related disorders because of its unique beneficial effect on energy balance in addition to improving glycemic and metabolic control.
Heart muscle disease (2019)

Heart muscle disease (HMD) includes many disorders, but this block will focus on cardiomyopathies and myocarditis. HMD is detected surprisingly commonly, usually secondary to ECG change identified during aircrew medical examinations. Cardiomyopathies are often detected in asymptomatic aircrew; however, individuals may present with palpations, dyspnoea or with reduced exercise tolerance. HMD should be considered in aircrew with family history of sudden cardiac death, implantable cardiac defibrillator implantation or cardiac transplantation. HMD may be associated with increased risk of distraction and incapacitation in aircrew, even in mild disease. Dilated Cardiomyopathy is a progressive disease that is characterized by ventricular chamber enlargement and contractile dysfunction. Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is defined as myocardial hypertrophy, most commonly affecting the interventricular septum but with variable distribution, following exclusion of hypertension, infiltrative disease and aortic stenosis. Myocarditis and myo-pericarditis can both cause acute chest pain and be confused with ischaemic heart disease.
On the relationship between the modes of image formation in scanning microscopy and conventional microscopy (1972)

SUMMARY With a non‐resolvable scanning spot, scanning microscopy provides images identical to images in partially coherent illumination in a conventional microscope. If the spot is resolvable the higher spatial frequencies in the scanning image are filtered out.
Phase-shift frequency-variant control for single stage dual active bridge DC/DC converter over a wide input voltage range (2015)

This paper presents a control approach for a current driven Dual Active Bridge (DAB) converter used as an interface to transfer power between the grid and Electric Vehicles (EVs). The wide range of input voltage and load variation makes it very challenging to have a fast control response of power flow between the two dc buses. This control system adaptively regulates the frequency and the phase shift of the converter based on the operating condition.
Osseous Invasion by Soft-Tissue Sarcoma: Assessment with MR Imaging (2003)

On T1- and T2-weighted MR images, findings of cortical and medullary signal intensity change and cortical destruction were sensitive and specific for detection of osseous invasion by soft-tissue sarcoma.
Reactivation of the inactive X chromosome in development and reprogramming (2012)

In mammals, one of the two X chromosomes of female cells is inactivated for dosage compensation between the sexes. X chromosome inactivation is initiated in early embryos by the noncoding Xist RNA. Subsequent chromatin modifications on the inactive X chromosome (Xi) lead to a remarkable stability of gene repression in somatic cell lineages. In mice, reactivation of genes on the Xi accompanies the establishment of pluripotent cells of the female blastocyst and the development of primordial germ cells. Xi reactivation also occurs when pluripotency is established during the reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells. The mechanism of Xi reactivation has attracted increasing interest for studying changes in epigenetic patterns and for improving methods of cell reprogramming. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of Xi reactivation during development and reprogramming and illustrate potential clinical applications.
Extensively Drug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2009)

second patient were within the same subgroup, but similarity in nucleotide sequences was only 82.5%. This result suggests that this patient was infected with 2 different virus strains of HRV-A and a strain of HRV-C.
Time-resolved x-ray microdiffraction studies of phase transformations during rapidly propagating reactions in Al/Ni and Zr/Ni multilayer foils (2010)

We showed how intermetallic formation reactions can be studied under rapid heating (106–107 K s−1) using x-ray microdiffraction with temporal resolution on microsecond time scales. Rapid heating was achieved by initiating an exothermic reaction in multilayer foils comprising alternating nanoscale layers of elemental metals. The reaction occurred in a front ∼100 μm wide which propagated across the foil at ∼1–10 m s−1. By using synchrotron x-rays focused to a small spot (60 μm diameter) and a fast pixel-array detector, we were able to track the evolution of phases in the reaction front during the initial heating transient, which occurred in approximately 1 ms, through cooling over a period of hundreds of milliseconds. In Al/Ni multilayer foils, the first phases to form were an Al-rich liquid and the cubic intermetallic AlNi (which likely formed by nucleation from the liquid). In foils of overall composition AlNi, this is the stable intermetallic and the only phase to form. In foils of composition Al3Ni2, during cooling we observed a peritectic reaction between AlNi and the remaining liquid to form Al3Ni2, which is the stable phase at room temperature and the final product of the reaction. This is in contrast to the sequence of phases under slow heating, where we observed formation of nonequilibrium Al9N2 first and do not observe formation of a liquid phase or the AlNi intermetallic. We also observed formation of an amorphous phase (along with crystalline ZrNi) during rapid heating of Zr/Ni multilayers, but in this system the temperature of the reaction front never reached the lowest liquidus temperature on the Zr–Ni phase diagram. This implies that the amorphous phase we observed was not a liquid arising from melting of a crystalline phase. We suggest instead that a Zr-rich amorphous solid formed due to solid-state interdiffusion, which then transformed to a supercooled liquid when the temperature exceeded the glass transition temperature. Formation of the supercooled liquid presumably facilitated continued rapid intermixing, which may be necessary to sustain a self-propagating reaction front in this system.
DESIGN OF SUB‐OPTIMUM FILTER SYSTEMS FOR MULTI‐TRACE SEISMIC DATA PROCESSING* (1964)

ABSTRACT Using optimum filter theory as a starting point, we describe a method for the design of practical multi‐trace seismic data processing systems. We assume the inputs to be the superposition of signal, coherent noise, and incoherent noise. The signal and coherent noise moveouts are described statistically by their probability densities. Our approach is to split the system into two stages. The first stage achieves optimum noise suppression but distorts the signal. The signal distortion is reduced in the second stage by an optimum finite memory inverse filter. The system that is obtained using our method of design depends upon the form of the probability density functions. We show two examples, ghost suppression and velocity filtering. In ghost suppression we choose a model with moveouts known exactly, which corresponds to delta functions for the probability densities. In velocity filtering the signal and coherent noise moveouts are equally probable within non‐overlapping ranges. The resulting system in each case is both simple and effective. In ghost suppression a simple shift and subtract cancels the coherent noise. The signal distortion is reduced by an inverse filter. The velocity filter system consists of differentiated moving averages applied to each trace, followed by a 90° phase shift and a low pass filter.
Cardiac-specific overexpression of phospholamban alters calcium kinetics and resultant cardiomyocyte mechanics in transgenic mice. (1996)

Phospholamban is the regulator of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and an important modulator of basal contractility in the heart. To determine whether all the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase enzymes are subject to regulation by phospholamban in vivo, transgenic mice were generated which overexpressed phospholamban in the heart, driven by the cardiac-specific alpha-myosin heavy chain promoter. Quantitative immunoblotting revealed a twofold increase in the phospholamban protein levels in transgenic hearts compared to wild type littermate hearts. The transgenic mice showed no phenotypic alterations and no changes in heart/body weight, heart/lung weight, and cardiomyocyte size. Isolated unloaded cardiac myocytes from transgenic mice exhibited diminished shortening fraction (63%) and decreased rates of shortening (64%) and relengthening (55%) compared to wild type (100%) cardiomyocytes. The decreases in contractile parameters of transgenic cardiomyocytes reflected decreases in the amplitude (83%) of the Ca2+ signal and prolongation (131%) in the time for decay of the Ca2+ signal, which was associated with a decrease in the apparent affinity of the SR Ca(2+)-ATPase for Ca2+ (56%), compared to wild type (100%) cardiomyocytes. In vivo analysis of left ventricular systolic function using M mode and pulsed-wave Doppler echocardiography revealed decreases in fractional shortening (79%) and the normalized mean velocity of circumferential shortening (67%) in transgenic mice compared to wild type (100%) mice. The differences in contractile parameters and Ca2+ kinetics in transgenic cardiomyocytes and the depressed left ventricular systolic function in transgenic mice were abolished upon isoproterenol stimulation. These findings indicate that a fraction of the Ca(2+)-ATPases in native SR is not under regulation by phospholamban. Expression of additional phospholamban molecules results in: (a) inhibition of SR Ca2+ transport; (b) decreases in systolic Ca2+ levels and contractile parameters in ventricular myocytes; and (c) depression of basal left ventricular systolic function in vivo.
Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase: Structure-based mechanism of conversion (2000)

Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductases, which catalyze the last two steps in the formation of urate, are synthesized as the dehydrogenase form xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) but can be readily converted to the oxidase form xanthine oxidase (XO) by oxidation of sulfhydryl residues or by proteolysis. Here, we present the crystal structure of the dimeric (M(r), 290,000) bovine milk XDH at 2.1-A resolution and XO at 2.5-A resolution and describe the major changes that occur on the proteolytic transformation of XDH to the XO form. Each molecule is composed of an N-terminal 20-kDa domain containing two iron sulfur centers, a central 40-kDa flavin adenine dinucleotide domain, and a C-terminal 85-kDa molybdopterin-binding domain with the four redox centers aligned in an almost linear fashion. Cleavage of surface-exposed loops of XDH causes major structural rearrangement of another loop close to the flavin ring (Gln 423Lys 433). This movement partially blocks access of the NAD substrate to the flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor and changes the electrostatic environment of the active site, reflecting the switch of substrate specificity observed for the two forms of this enzyme.
Bladder-Surface Glycosaminoglycans: An Efficient Mechanism of Environmental Adaptation (1980)

The transitional epithelium of the urinary bladder secretes and binds to its surface a glycosaminoglycan than inhibits the adherence of bacteria. Synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycans instilled intraluminally into bladders whose natural mucin layer has been removed are as effective as the natural mucin in preventing bacterial adherence. It also appears that adherence of calcium and protein is reduced in the presence of both the natural mucin layer and the synthetic sulfonated glycosaminoglycan sodium pentosanpolysulfate, suggesting that the antiadherence activity of both natural and synthetic surface glycosaminoglycans in the bladder extends to the molecular and ionic levels.
Plaque Assay of Toxoplasma on Monolayers of Chick Embryo Fibroblasts. (1959)

SummaryThe RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii induces formation of necrotic plaques on monolayers of chick embryo fibroblasts overlaid with nutrient agar. Correlation between number of organisms plated and number of plaques produced indicates that each plaque is induced by a single toxoplasma. Survival of toxoplasmata in various media has been tested, and it has been found that Hanks BSS containing chick embryo extract in concentrations of 5 to 50% preserves 80-100% of plaque forming units (pfu) for 3 to 4 hours, 50-60% for 6 hours. Adsorption of pfu on monolayers is maximal after 70 to 90 minutes (Kc = 0.024), can be retarded by increased viscosity of the medium, speeded by centrifugation. Artificial lysis of chick embryo fibroblasts infected at low multiplicity yields populations with a predictable efficiency of plating of about 50% of the counted organisms.