gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unraveling Graft-versus-Host Disease and Graft-versus-Leukemia Responses Using TCR Vβ Spectratype Analysis in a Murine Bone Marrow Transplantation Model (2012)

The optimum use of allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT) as a curative therapy for hematological malignancies lies in the successful separation of mature donor T cells that are host reactive and induce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) from those that are tumor reactive and mediate graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effects. To study whether this separation was possible in an MHC-matched murine BMT model (B10.BR→CBA) with a CBA-derived myeloid leukemia line, MMC6, we used TCR Vβ CDR3-size spectratype analysis to first show that the Vβ13 family was highly skewed in the B10.BR anti-MMC6 CD8(+) T cell response but not in the alloresponse against recipient cells alone. Transplantation of CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells at the dose equivalent of their constituency in 1 × 10(7) CD8(+) T cells, a dose that had been shown to mediate lethal GVHD in recipient mice, induced a slight GVL response with no concomitant GVHD. Increasing doses of CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells led to more significant GVL responses but also increased GVHD symptoms and associated mortality. Subsequent spectratype analysis of GVHD target tissues revealed involvement of gut-infiltrating CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells accounting for the observed in vivo effects. When BMT recipients were given MMC6-presensitized CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells, they displayed a significant GVL response with minimal GVHD. Spectratype analysis of tumor-presensitized, gut-infiltrating CD8(+)Vβ13(+) T cells showed preferential usage of tumor-reactive CDR3-size lengths, and these cells expressed increased effector memory phenotype (CD44(+)CD62L(-/lo)). Thus, Vβ spectratyping can identify T cells involved in antihost and antitumor reactivity and tumor presensitization can aid in the separation of GVHD and GVL responses.
Anti-amnesic effect of enzyme extracted stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana (2010)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe increasing consumption of sucrose has resulted in several nutritional and medicinal problems, including obesity. There is an alarming rise in the prevalence of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome in children and adults around the world, partly related to increasing availability of energy-dense, high-calorie foods, and perhaps to increased consumption of sugar and particularly fructose sweetened beverages. Therefore, low calorie sweeteners are urgently required to substitute table sugar.<br /><br />Stevioside, a diterpene glycoside, is well known for its intense sweetness and is used as a non-caloric sweetener. Its potential widespread use requires an easy and effective extraction method. Enzymatic extraction of stevioside from Stevia rebaudiana leaves with cellulase, pectinase and hemicellulase using various parameters such as concentration of enzyme, incubation time and temperature was optimized. The extraction conditions were further optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under the optimized conditions, the experimental values were in close agreement with predicted model and resulted in a three times yield enhancement of stevioside.<br /><br />Various studies have revealed that in addition to sweetening nature of stevisoide, it exerts beneficial effects including antihypertensive, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-human rotavirus, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antitumor actions. Its anti-amnesic potential remains to be explored, therefore the present study has been undertaken to investigate the beneficial effect of stevioside in memory deficit of rats employing scopolamine induced amnesia as an animal model.<br /><br />Significance: Stevia is gaining significance in different parts of the world and is expected to develop into a major source of high potency sweetener for the growing natural food market. There is a strong possibility that Stevia sweeteners could replace aspartame in some diet variants. In addition, Stevia is expected to be used as a part substitute for sugar and also used in combination with other artificial sweeteners in the emerging phase of life cycle.<br />\n\t\t\t\t
Exploring Interactions and Perceptions of Kinetic Wearables (2017)

Jewelry and accessories have long been objects for decorating the human body; however they remain static and non-interactive. This work explores opportunities for accessory-like kinetic wearables and their association with individual style. We developed Kino, a kinetic accessory system which enables both aesthetic and functional clothing-specific design possibilities. We engaged both fashion designers and every-day users to unpack envisioned use cases and perceptions of the system. Participants viewed the devices not as gadgets but as companions due to their close proximity to the body. They envisioned a wide range of usage scenarios, highlighting the complexity of mobility in relation to personal style. We observe how mobility offers opportunities for fluid representations of self, which is unachievable though static clothing and accessories. We also outline how personalized aesthetics is important for the meaning making of novel on-body devices.
[Botulinum toxin as a treatment for strabismus in systemic diseases]. (2003)

We show that the effectiveness of botulinum toxin in strabismus secondary to systemic disease is up to 74%. We can offer rehabilitation in all of these cases even during the sometimes long diagnostic period or in patients under treatment. We also suggest our direct technique for the application of botulinum toxin (without electromyography) to avoid risks in this type of patients. We are reporting the use and positive effect of the botulinum toxin chemodenervation in Myasthenia gravis, Human Acquired Immune-deficiency Syndrome, and mental defficiency.
Stable 1 volt programmable voltage standard (1997)

Several fully functional programmable voltage standard chips, each having a total of 32 768 Nb–PdAu–Nb Josephson junctions, have been fabricated and tested. The chips are based on a new design that provides fast programmability (1 μs) between voltages and stable voltage operation from −1 to +1 V. A comparison of the new standard with a conventional Josephson voltage standard is in agreement to 0.5±1.1 parts in 109. We demonstrate the utility of this standard by measuring the linearity of a digital voltmeter.
Depth sensitivity of wetting: monolayers of .omega.-mercapto ethers on gold (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDepth sensitivity of wetting: monolayers of .omega.-mercapto ethers on goldColin D. Bain and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5897–5898Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views741Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enhancers of Adeno-associated Virus AAV2 Transduction via High Throughput siRNA Screening (2011)

Intracellular barriers to adeno-associated virus (AAV) transduction may limit gene delivery. We screened a short interfering RNA (siRNA) library targeting 5,520 genes to help identify pathways that modulate AAV transduction of human endothelium. In replicate screening, 50 pools (three siRNAs per gene) resulted in greater than eightfold reporter gene expression enhancement. Single siRNA confirmation tests demonstrated that at least one siRNA from each of the top 10 pools provided greater than twofold enhancement. Several siRNAs when used together resulted in additive effects and two of the most potent siRNA sequences were enhancers in cultured airway epithelium. However, enhanced transduction was not correlated with mRNA knockdown by quantitative real time PCR, indicating an off-target mechanism. In fact, four of the five most potent siRNAs contained a consensus hexamer region 5'-UGUUUC-3' at positions 2-7 of the antisense strand. The point mutation U4A within this region (but not mutations at positions 1 or 14) disrupted transduction enhancement, indicating a microRNA (miRNA)-like mechanism. Transcription profiling indicated that the hexamer also resulted in perturbation of the interferon pathway via reduced interferon-induced protein 44-like (IFI44L), interferon-inducible myxovirus resistance 1 (MX1), and interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT5) mRNAs. Direct interferon (α, β, and ω) receptor 2 (IFNAR2) knockdown resulted in greater than twofold transduction enhancement. In addition to providing insight into AAV biology and enhanced transduction, the results demonstrate certain beneficial siRNA off-target effects.
A guide to Social Security money's worth issues. (1995)

This article discusses some of the major issues associated with the question of whether workers receive their money's worth from the Social Security program. An effort is made to keep the discussion as nontechnical as possible, with explanations provided for many of the technical terms and concepts found in the money's worth literature. Major assumptions, key analytical methods, and money's worth measures used in the literature are also discussed. Finally, the key findings of money's worth studies are summarized, with some cautions concerning the limitations and appropriate usage of money's worth analyses.
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (1995)

After intravenous and subcutaneous injection, heparins and low-molecular-weight heparins release tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) into the blood stream. Protamine immediately reverses the plasma levels of TFPI to pretreatment values. A low-molecular-weight dermatan sulphate releases only very small amounts of TFPI after intravenous injection without a clear dose-dependent effect. Together with other data from literature, it seems likely that TFPI is rather specifically released by acidic glycosaminoglycans. In the present paper a binding region for heparins is reported to be located in the C-terminal end. A basic amino acid cluster occurs between 256-lysine and 261-lysine. This proposed heparin recognition region in TFPI is similar to the recognition region in antithrombin III and other proteins. The binding between the basic region at the C-terminal end of TFPI and the negatively charged sulphate or carboxyl-groups of glycosaminoclycans may occur in a linear manner. A comparison of a helical wheel diagram of antithrombin III and tissue factor pathway inhibitor support also the proposal of this form of a heparin recognition region in TFPI. Further studies are now required to analyse these interactions.
Flat-topped and low loss silicon-nanowire-type optical MUX/DeMUX employing multi-stage microring resonator assisted delayed Mach-Zehnder interferometers (2012)

We propose a novel silicon-nanowire-type multiplexer (MUX) / demultiplexer (DeMUX) based on multi-stage microring resonator assisted delayed Mach-Zehnder interferometers. It is theoretically shown that spectral flatness of DeMUX spectra can be accomplished by incorporating nonlinear phase behaviors of microring resonators into the multi-stage delayed Mach-Zehnder interferometers. We experimentally demonstrate flat-topped 400GHz-spacing 1 × 4Ch demultiplexing operation in the fabricated device with silicon-nanowire waveguides. Furthermore, by integrating the micro-heaters on the top cladding layer of the fabricated device, the DeMUX performance is upgraded in terms of excess loss (<0.8dB) and crosstalk (<-10dB) without any degradation of filter spectral flatness at each channel grid.
Analyzing and predicting question quality in community question answering services (2012)

Users tend to ask and answer questions in community question answering (CQA) services to seek information and share knowledge. A corollary is that myriad of questions and answers appear in CQA service. Accordingly, volumes of studies have been taken to explore the answer quality so as to provide a preliminary screening for better answers. However, to our knowledge, less attention has so far been paid to question quality in CQA. Knowing question quality provides us with finding and recommending good questions together with identifying bad ones which hinder the CQA service. In this paper, we are conducting two studies to investigate the question quality issue. The first study analyzes the factors of question quality and finds that the interaction between askers and topics results in the differences of question quality. Based on this finding, in the second study we propose a Mutual Reinforcement-based Label Propagation (MRLP) algorithm to predict question quality. We experiment with Yahoo!~Answers data and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm in distinguishing high-quality questions from low-quality ones.
User-centric Integration of Contexts for A Unified Context-aware Application Model (2005)

Abstract — Context-aware application models can provide personalized services to users through user-centric integration of contexts. Recently, several research activities on context integration have been reported. However, the existing research activities don’t consider much how contexts are integrated in a unified way. In this paper, we propose a unified method of user-centric integration of contexts for context-aware applications. The proposed method enables to extract the meaningful contexts based on each fusion procedure of 5W1H contexts. It integrates the formatted contexts through the user-centric classification. Also, it makes a decision by inferring user’s explicit intention based on the integrated context.
Construction of human linkage maps: Likelihood calculations for multilocus linkage analysis (1986)

Methods are given for efficient calculation of the likelihood for multilocus linkage in families comprised of grandparents, parents, and children. Such families are being used in large-scale cooperative efforts to build a detailed linkage map of the human genome. The methods are illustrated by an application to loci on chromosome 13.
Microbial Activity at Gigapascal Pressures (2002)

We observed physiological and metabolic activity of Shewanella oneidensis strain MR1 and Escherichia coli strain MG1655 at pressures of 68 to 1680 megapascals (MPa) in diamond anvil cells. We measured biological formate oxidation at high pressures (68 to 1060 MPa). At pressures of 1200 to 1600 MPa, living bacteria resided in fluid inclusions in ice-VI crystals and continued to be viable upon subsequent release to ambient pressures (0.1 MPa). Evidence of microbial viability and activity at these extreme pressures expands by an order of magnitude the range of conditions representing the habitable zone in the solar system.
Study on Portable Virtual Endoscope System with Force Sensation : Development of record and playback system and insertion skill with evaluation method (2003)

力覚付バーチャル内視鏡システムに, 熟練医の挿入手技を時系列で記録し, 再現するシステムを構築した。これにより熟練医の挿入手技を体感し学習することが可能となった。さらに挿入手技の定量評価を行うシステムを開発し, より効果的な訓練が可能となった。
Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of a Chemical Delivery System for Drug Targeting to Lung Tissue (1996)

We espouse the application of a novel chemical delivery system (CDS) approach to a delivery mechanism for drug targeting to lung tissue using the 1,2-dithiolane-3-pentyl moiety of lipoic acid as the "targetor moiety". The synthesis and the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a CDS modeling the lipoyl and other ester derivatives of chlorambucil (an antineoplastic agent) and cromolyn (a bischromone used in antiasthma prophylaxis) as compared with their respective parent drugs are described. The chlorambucil CDS was synthesized by esterifying the alcohol derivative of lipoic acid with chlorambucil using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide as the coupling agent. The cromolyn CDS was prepared by a multistep synthetic procedure culminating in the reaction of the alkyl bromide derivative of lipoic acid with the disodium salt of the bischromone compound. All the esters were highly lipophilic unlike the parent compounds. The in-vitro kinetic and in-vivo pharmacokinetic studies showed that the respective CDSs were sufficiently stable in buffer and biological media, hydrolyzed rapidly into the respective active parent drugs, and significantly enhanced delivery and retention of the active compound to lung tissue in comparison with the underivatized parent compounds used in conventional therapy.
Continuous wave lasing at 2.7 μm in an erbium-doped fluorozirconate fibre (1988)

A fibre laser operating at 2.702 μm using fluorozirconatc fibre doped with <0.1 mol% of erbium is reported. We propose that the mechanism which allows CW operation is absorption of pump radiation by ions in the lower lasing level.
Collaborative filtering and inference rules for context‐aware learning object recommendation (2005)

Learning objects strive for reusability in e‐Learning to reduce cost and allow personalization of content. We show why learning objects require adapted Information Retrieval systems. In the spirit of the Semantic Web, we discuss the semantic description, discovery, and composition of learning objects. As part of our project, we tag learning objects with both objective (e.g., title, date, and author) and subjective (e.g., quality and relevance) metadata. We present the RACOFI (Rule‐Applying Collaborative Filtering) Composer prototype with its novel combination of two libraries and their associated engines: a collaborative filtering system and an inference rule system. We developed RACOFI to generate context‐aware recommendation lists. Context is handled by multidimensional predictions produced from a database‐driven scalable collaborative filtering algorithm. Rules are then applied to the predictions to customize the recommendations according to user profiles. The RACOFI Composer architecture has been developed into the contextaware music portal inDiscover.
Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐octa‐4,7‐Dien‐1‐ol (2): Key Intermediate for Mycothiazole Natural Product and Analogs (2005)

Abstract Starting from L‐aminoacids, facile methods for the preparation 2‐aminocta‐4,7‐dien‐ol with different stereochemistry have been developed as key intermediates of mycothiazole and analogs.
Thermal Reaction of Aluminum Alkoxide in Glycols (1990)

Thermal reaction of aluminum isopropoxide in glycols at 300°C yielded the glycol derivatives of boehmite. The physical properties of the products and the aluminas obtained by calcination strongly depended on the crystallite size of the boehmite derivatives, which seems to be controlled by the heterolytic cleavage of the C‐O bond of HO(CH 2 ) n OAI = formed by alkoxide exchange between aluminum alkoxide and glycol. The product had a unique honeycomb texture, which was preserved on calcination to form a transition alumina.
Non‐destructive Visible/NIR Spectroscopy for Differentiation of Fresh and Frozen‐thawed Fish (2005)

ABSTRACT Nondestructive visible/near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was evaluated to investigate whether fish has been frozen‐thawed. Fresh or frozen‐thawed red sea bream Pagrus major ( n = 108) were scanned using a NIRSystems 6500 spectrophotometer equipped with a surface interactance fiber‐optic accessory then discriminated by soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) based on principal component analysis (PCA) scores. The major effect of freeze‐thawing treatment involves a gross change in total reflectance after freezing and thawing; this arises from changes in light scatter presumably arising from alterations in the physical structure of at least the surface layer of fish. Untreated original absorbance spectra achieved much better (100%) classification accuracy for the prediction samples while the same figures for multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) treated spectra are considerably worse, indicating that scattering is the major information that makes classification work. No incorrect type of classification at all and also there are no samples classified to both groups either. This faster technique has the potential to differentiate fresh and frozen‐thawed fish and could be applied for online or at‐line processing control.
Cyclopropanation of some simple olefinic compounds. By-product formation in excess Simmons-Smith reagent (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclopropanation of some simple olefinic compounds. By-product formation in excess Simmons-Smith reagentIoannis M. Takakis and Yorke E. RhodesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 18, 3496–3500Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00412a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00412a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Giant dielectric constant dominated by Maxwell–Wagner relaxation in Al2O3/TiO2 nanolaminates synthesized by atomic layer deposition (2010)

Nanolaminates consisting of Al2O3 and TiO2 oxide sublayers were synthesized by using atomic layer deposition to produce individual layers with atomic scale thickness control. The sublayer thicknesses were kept constant for each multilayer structure, and were changed from 50 to 0.2 nm for a series of different samples. Giant dielectric constant (∼1000) was observed when the sublayer thickness is less than 0.5 nm, which is significantly larger than that of Al2O3 and TiO2 dielectrics. Detailed investigation revealed that the observed giant dielectric constant is originated from the Maxwell–Wagner type dielectric relaxation.
Electrokinetic Energy Conversion (1964)

Energy conversion by the mechanism of electrokinetics is investigated. A device capable of converting either electrical power into pumping power or pumping power into electrical power in the steady state is studied. The basic equations coupling voltage, pressure, current and flow rate are established and simplified in the light of existing experimental evidence. Operating characteristics for both the fluid pumping and the electrical generation mode are determined and illustrated by example problems. The results indicate that with water as the working fluid, conversion efficiencies of only 0.392 percent are possible.