gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of acyclic terpenes (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew approach for the stereocontrolled synthesis of acyclic terpenesBarry M. Trost and Lothar WeberCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 24, 3617–3619Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00912a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00912a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel alternative splice variants of rat phosphodiesterase 7B showing unique tissue-specific expression and phosphorylation (2002)

cDNA species coding for novel variants of cyclic-AMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs), namely the PDE7B family, were isolated from rats and characterized. Rat PDE7B1 (RNPDE7B1) was composed of 446 amino acid residues. Rat PDE7B2 (RNPDE7B2) and PDE7B3 (RNPDE7B3), which possessed unique N-terminal sequences, consisted of 359 and 459 residues respectively. Northern hybridization analysis showed that rat PDE7B transcripts were particularly abundant in the striatum and testis. PCR analyses revealed that rat PDE7B2 transcripts were restricted to the testis and that low levels of PDE7B3 transcripts were expressed in the heart, lung and skeletal muscle. In situ hybridization analysis demonstrated that rat PDE7B transcripts were expressed in striatal neurons and spermatocytes. In spermatocytes, rat PDE7B transcripts were expressed in a stage-specific manner during spermatogenesis. The Km values of recombinant rat PDE7B1, PDE7B2 and PDE7B3 for cAMP were 0.05, 0.07 and 0.05μM respectively. Each rat PDE7B variant was the most sensitive to 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IC50 1.5–2.1μM). Two phosphorylation sites for cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) were found in rat PDE7B1 and PDE7B3, whereas rat PDE7B2 possessed one site. PKA-dependent phosphorylation was observed in C-terminal phosphorylation sites of three rat PDE7B variants, in addition to unique N-terminal regions of rat PDE7B1 and PDE7B3. Unique tissue distribution and PKA-dependent phosphorylation of PDE7B variants suggested that each variant has a specific role for cellular functions via cAMP signalling in various tissues.
Depression of vitamin B6 levels due to theophylline. (1990)

Theophylline overdosage can cause life-threatening symptoms, that include seizures and cardiac arrhythmias, and can be fatal. Neither the onset of toxicity nor the severity of symptoms is well predicted by serum theophylline concentrations. Since depressed vitamin B6 plasma levels can occur in patients receiving theophylline, we explored a B6-theophylline interaction in a rabbit model. Administration of theophylline preparations intraperitoneally (aminophylline) or orally (sustained release anhydrous theophylline) resulted in a 47% depression of plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) levels. The 87% increase in PLP with pyridoxine administration was only 18% when aminophylline was also given. The mechanism of the theophylline-B6 interaction is obscure. Ethylenediamine in some theophylline preparations binds directly to PLP, potentially increasing the less direct theophylline effect. Pyridoxine supplementation resulted in higher average PLP levels but did not prevent death in animals with profoundly low PLP levels. If these data apply to humans, B6 deficiency may contribute to chronic theophylline toxicity; however, pyridoxine administration in the dosage used may not prevent toxicity. Larger doses may prove beneficial after further investigation.
Wide-range portable dosimeter based on microcontroller (2002)

In this paper, a technique for wide-range radiation measurement and analysis suitable for portable instruments, has been presented. Instead of expensive analog devices and ionization chamber detectors, a microcontroller and a Geiger-Muller tube (GM) are employed to implement this instrument. The nonlinear counting rate/dose rate curves of GM tubes are fitted into quadratic or 3/sup rd/ order polynomial equations that are solved using the microcontroller. A measurement program that uses the capabilities of CMOS microcontrollers for power saving is presented. The integrated dose, dose rate, and battery check functions are implemented. By obtaining the equation of a GM tube, we can extend the dose rate range beyond the linear portion of its curve. Very low power consumption and flexibility of the programmed devices in conjunction with enhanced functionality compared with top class analog instruments makes the proposed technique an excellent choice for wide-range portable dosimeter instruments.
Graphical representation and multicomponent analysis of single‐frequency fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data (2003)

Graphical representation of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy data demonstrates that a mixture of two components with single exponential decays can be resolved by single frequency measurements. We derive a method based on linear fitting that allows the calculation of the fluorescence lifetimes of the two components. We show that introduction of proper error-weighting results in a non-linear method that is mathematically identical to a global analysis algorithm that was recently derived. The graphical approach was applied to cellular data obtained from a lifetime-based phosphorylation assay for the epidermal growth factor receptor and yielded results similar to those obtained by a global analysis algorithm.
Pien Tze Huang Inhibits Hypoxia-Induced Angiogenesis via HIF-1<i>α</i>/VEGF-A Pathway in Colorectal Cancer (2015)

Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis plays an important role in the development and metastasis of solid tumors and is highly regulated by HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway. Therefore, inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via suppression of HIF-1α/VEGF-A signaling represents a promising strategy for anticancer treatment. As a traditional Chinese medicine formula, Pien Tze Huang (PZH) has long been used as a folk remedy for cancer in China and Southeast Asia. Previously, we reported that PZH inhibits colorectal cancer (CRC) growth both in vivo and in vitro. To elucidate the antitumor mechanisms of PZH, in the present study we used human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and colorectal carcinoma HCT-8 cells to evaluate the effects of PZH on hypoxia-induced angiogenesis and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that PZH could inhibit hypoxia-induced migration and tube formation of HUVEC cells in a dose-dependent manner, although the low concentrations of PZH had no effect on HUVEC viability. Moreover, PZH inhibited hypoxia-induced activation of HIF-1α signaling and the expression of VEGF-A and/or VEGFR2 in both HCT-8 and HUVEC cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that PZH can inhibit hypoxia-induced tumor angiogenesis via suppression of HIF-1α/VEGF-A pathway.
A Comparative Study of Geometry in Elementary School Mathematics Textbooks from Five Countries (2016)

The purposes of this study were to compare the differences in the use of geometry in elementary school mathematics textbooks among Finland, Mainland China, Singapore, Taiwan, and the USA and to investigate the relationships between the design of the textbooks and students' performance on large-scale tests such as TIMSS-4 geometry, TIMSS-8 geometry, and PISA space and shape. The content analysis method was used to collect data, and then chi-square tests and correlation analyses were used to analyze data. The results showed that there were significant differences in representation form, problem type, and question format among these mathematics textbooks from the five countries. Moreover, the strength of the positive relationships between visual form (combined form) and students' performance on TIMSS-4 geometry, TIMSS-8 geometry, and PISA space and shape decreases as students advance to higher grades, whereas increasing strength of correlations as students get older is found between contextual problems and students' performance on the three large-scale tests.
Uniform Test Assembly (2007)

In educational practice, a test assembly problem is formulated as a system of inequalities induced by test specifications. Each solution to the system is a test, represented by a 0–1 vector, where each element corresponds to an item included (1) or not included (0) into the test. Therefore, the size of a 0–1 vector equals the number of items n in a given item pool. All solutions form a feasible set—a subset of 2 n vertices of the unit cube in an n -dimensional vector space. Test assembly is uniform if each test from the feasible set has an equal probability of being assembled. This paper demonstrates several important applications of uniform test assembly for educational practice. Based on Slepian’s inequality, a binary program was analytically studied as a candidate for uniform test assembly. The results of this study establish a connection between combinatorial optimization and probability inequalities. They identify combinatorial properties of the feasible set that control the uniformity of the binary programming test assembly. Computer experiments illustrating the concepts of this paper are presented.
Mitochondria Are Linked to Calcium Stores in Striated Muscle by Developmentally Regulated Tethering Structures (2008)

Bi-directional calcium (Ca(2+)) signaling between mitochondria and intracellular stores (endoplasmic/sarcoplasmic reticulum) underlies important cellular functions, including oxidative ATP production. In striated muscle, this coupling is achieved by mitochondria being located adjacent to Ca(2+) stores (sarcoplasmic reticulum [SR]) and in proximity of release sites (Ca(2+) release units [CRUs]). However, limited information is available with regard to the mechanisms of mitochondrial-SR coupling. Using electron microscopy and electron tomography, we identified small bridges, or tethers, that link the outer mitochondrial membrane to the intracellular Ca(2+) stores of muscle. This association is sufficiently strong that treatment with hypotonic solution results in stretching of the SR membrane in correspondence of tethers. We also show that the association of mitochondria to the SR is 1) developmentally regulated, 2) involves a progressive shift from a longitudinal clustering at birth to a specific CRU-coupled transversal orientation in adult, and 3) results in a change in the mitochondrial polarization state, as shown by confocal imaging after JC1 staining. Our results suggest that tethers 1) establish and maintain SR-mitochondrial association during postnatal maturation and in adult muscle and 2) likely provide a structural framework for bi-directional signaling between the two organelles in striated muscle.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion Structures (1994)

The immense reservoir of a solar energy stored in the ocean in the form of sun-warmed water has long been a tantalising source of energy waiting to be tapped. In 1881 d’Arsonval of France enunciated the principle of ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC), which uses warm water at the surface and the cold water at the depths of the ocean to alternatively evaporate and condense a working fluid, usually ammonia, to produce electricity. It is hoped that this paper will help stimulate the interest of structural engineers in a new field of structural engineering with the emergence of OTEC energy. It also calls attention to interdependency of a large number of engineering disciplines, the integration of which is required by the mega-engineering projects being considered in the context of today’s rapidly advancing technology. At the same time, engineers, owners and users need to accept their responsibility as custodians of nature’s resources, developing these resources in ways that achieve maximum sustainability for the future of our world.
A 5′ Noncoding Exon Containing Engineered Intron Enhances Transgene Expression from Recombinant AAV Vectors <i>in vivo</i> (2016)

We previously developed a mini-intronic plasmid (MIP) expression system in which the essential bacterial elements for plasmid replication and selection are placed within an engineered intron contained within a universal 5' UTR noncoding exon. Like minicircle DNA plasmids (devoid of bacterial backbone sequences), MIP plasmids overcome transcriptional silencing of the transgene. However, in addition MIP plasmids increase transgene expression by 2 and often >10 times higher than minicircle vectors in vivo and in vitro. Based on these findings, we examined the effects of the MIP intronic sequences in a recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector system. Recombinant AAV vectors containing an intron with a bacterial replication origin and bacterial selectable marker increased transgene expression by 40 to 100 times in vivo when compared with conventional AAV vectors. Therefore, inclusion of this noncoding exon/intron sequence upstream of the coding region can substantially enhance AAV-mediated gene expression in vivo.
Investigating MLC variation of filamentary and non-filamentary RRAM (2014)

Distinct statistical differences between the HBM non-filamentary RRAM and popular filamentary RRAM are highlighted in this study. The HBM RRAM features little cycle-to-cycle variation on both resistance and SET/RESET time, which enlarges the design window of MLC operation. A reliable four-level MLC operation have been demonstrated in the HBM device, suggesting its great potential for high-density data storage applications.
Clinical comparison of two hyaluronic acid‐derived fillers in the treatment of nasolabial folds: Mesoglow<sup>®</sup> and IAL System<sup>®</sup> (2012)

Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are widely used to reduce the appearance of aging. However, comparative research on the efficacy and safety of products of similar composition is limited. We compared outcomes achieved with two non-cross-linked HA fillers of almost identical composition, Mesoglow® and IAL System® . Forty subjects with visible nasolabial folds (NLFs) were enrolled in a randomized study. Wrinkle severity was rated using the 5-point Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS). Each subject was injected with Mesoglow® in one NLF and IAL System® in the other. An optimal cosmetic result was established at two weeks after a second treatment. Participants were then reassessed at 2, 6, and 12 weeks, respectively, post-optimal cosmetic result using the WSRS. The degree of improvement was also assessed by subjects and investigators using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). At baseline, the mean WSRS score was 3.20 ± 0.41. At the optimal cosmetic result, 98% of subjects showed a 1- or 2-point change in WSRS score with either treatment. All subsequent WSRS scores were significantly improved over baseline for both treatments. There was no significant difference between treatments or improvement in WSRS score at any point in time. Investigator GAIS scores at weeks 4 and 6 were slightly but not significantly higher for Mesoglow®-treated skin. There was no significant difference in the frequency of local adverse responses. No serious systemic adverse events occurred. This study indicates that Mesoglow® and IAL System® are equally effective in achieving short-term correction of NLFs, but the longevity of their effects is limited.
Fiddlerʼs Neck (1997)

The dermatologic pathological condition of musicians is a rare medical problem. We would like to draw attention to what is called “Fiddler's neck,” a process that is peculiar to violin, viola, or cello players and that may be caused by two different mechanisms: contact allergic reaction or a mechanical action.
Charge sampling mixer with ΔΣ quantized impulse response (2003)

A novel technique for increasing the selectivity of a charge subsampling mixer is introduced. The technique is based on the utilization of a /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ quantized impulse response with the FIR filtering effect resulting from multiple charge sampling. A possible circuit-level realization of the proposed technique and an example filter response are shown in the paper.
Tactual displays for wearable computing (2002)

This paper provides a general overview of tactual displays (i.e., devices that communicate to a user through the sense of touch) and issues concerning the development of such displays for wearable computing. A wearable tactile directional display is presented. It takes advantage of a sensory phenomenon called "sensory saltation" and simulates directional lines and simple geometric patterns dynamically. Initial results indicate that this information is intuitive and easy to interpret even for first-time users, and interpretations are highly consistent among observers. Several applications of this tactile directional display for wearable computing are proposed.
UASB process design for various types of wastewaters (1992)

ANAEROBIC digestion processes offer great potential for the treatment of many types of wastewaters. In a country like the Netherlands, anaerobic treatment presently is accepted as a grown-up technology. In many other countries this unfortunately still is not the case. Some reasons for this—in many cases—obstinate reluctance are the following: (1) Lack of adequate information about the performance of installed anaerobic treatment systems (2) Lack of knowledge of the basic principles of the process in the established world of sanitary engineering; in many cases there even exists a serious prejudice (3) Commercial interest in the established wastewater control world, for instance because most companies and/or individuals have invested in knowledge and property rights using conventional systems (4) Lack of academic status, particularly in engineering aspects (5) Lack of infrastructure, networks, research, and educational centers (6) The fact that it is more biotechnology than civil/sanitary engineering (7) Acceptance problems for a technology which was not developed in their own institute or company.
A mode-configurable analog baseband for Wi-Fi 11ac direct-conversion receiver utilizing a single filtering ΔΣ ADC (2016)

A mode-configurable filtering ΔΣ ADC is utilized as the analog baseband in a Wi-Fi 11ac direct-conversion receiver (RX). The filtering ΔΣ ADC providing both 2nd-order out-of-band filtering and 3rd-order in-band noise shaping is realized with only two opamps. A SAR-quantizer with built-in discrete-time (DT) excess-loop delay (ELD) compensation technique is also adopted. The filtering ΔΣ ADC is clocked at 480 MHz or 960 MHz and achieves 77-to-58 dB dynamic range (DR) in 10 MHz - 80 MHz bandwidth. With the aid of the filtering ability, the interferer DR at 4× bandwidth is at least 71.3 dB over modes. This work is fabricated in 28-nm low-power (LP) technology with 0.06 mm2 of active area. It consumes 3.97 mW or 6.39 mW over different clock rates, resulting a highest Schreier's FoM of 171 dB (BW20) and a best 4×-bandwidth Walden's FoM [2] of 13.3 fJ/c (BW160) among all modes.
Characteristics of patients who die of necrotizing enterocolitis (2011)

Mortality among infants who have NEC remains high and infants who die of NEC commonly (66%) die quickly. Most of the factors associated with mortality are related to immaturity, low birth weight and severity of illness.
Silicon Bipolar Microwave Power Transistors (1979)

This paper presents a review of the present states of commercially available silicon bipolar transistors and projects what power at frequency performance will be available in the next few years. It discusses the need for implementing certain fabrication/processing developments necessary to meet the projected power at frequency performance Ievels.
Reduction of the number of electrons emitted backwardsin back-gated devices for field emission: A theoretical study (2004)

The use of back-gated geometry (BGG) for field emission devices promises improved robustness, lower power consumption, and simpler manufacturing process. The BGG is a configuration in which the cathode is positioned between anode and gate, different from conventional approaches. Using a cylinder∕plane model to represent rows of cathode lines and the back-gate it is demonstrated that this geometry combined with an appropriate effective work-function modulation along the cathode surface can reduce the amount of electrons emitted backwards.
Accumulation of Tripeptide Derivatives by Mutants of<i>Cephalosporium acremonium</i> (1979)

The two β-lactam antibiotics produced by Cephalosporium acremonium ATCC 14553, cephalosporin C and penicillin N, have been proposed to be biosynthesized through the peptide, δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cystemyl-d-valine. Many β-lactam negative mutants were derived from the strain No. 52, which was a more potent producer of the β-lactam antibiotics than the parent strain, C. acremonium ATCC 14553. Some of them were found to accumulate two sulfur-containing peptides. These compounds were isolated from the culture filtrate of one of the mutants, N-2 and determined to be the dimer of δ-(l-α-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine and the S-methylthio derivative of the tripeptide.
A Neural Network Approach to Color Reproduction in Color Printers (1993)

This paper describes a method for colorimetric color reproduction on a dye sublimation printer by means of neural networks. A multilayer feed forward network is regarded as a nonlinear transformer for color coordinate transformation between the printer coordinates and the color stimulus values. The network is trained to learn a mapping to determine the required CMY (RGB) values of printer primaries for producing a given XYZ color stimulus. We adopt the Back-Propagation learning rule far the training. The mapping is then realized in a simple network architecture in which nonlinear units are linked in parallel and in layers. The measured data of many color patches are used for training the network and testing the mapping accuracy. The accuracy is evaluated on the CIE-L*a*b* color difference between the reproduced color from the network output and the original color. We determine an effective network method based on experiments under different conditions.
Wavelength-selective switching using double-ring resonators coupled by a three-waveguide directional coupler (2015)

A novel design of a two-bus coupled-rings 2 × 2 switch with inter-ring coupling enabled by a three-waveguide (3w) directional coupler is proposed. The device is analyzed using a theoretical model based on coupled mode theory and optical transfer formulae. We show that injected free-carriers tuning of the central waveguide in the 3w coupler affects only the bonding resonance mode while the other anti-bonding mode is transparent. This feature can be used to perform selective optical switching, and a numerical design example is given on the silicon photonics platform. The selective switch can be employed in a two-color duplex bidirectional communication system which conveniently separates the simultaneous transmitted and received signals in a single fiber-optic waveguide.