gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct electron detection in transmission electron microscopy (2009)

Since the first prototype of a transmission electron microscope was built in 1931 by Ernst Ruska and Max Knoll, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has proved to be an essential imaging tool for physicists, material scientists, and biologists. To record the TEM images for analysis, electron microscopists have used specialized electron micrograph film for a long time, until the new developments in TEM, such as electron tomography and cryo- electron microscopy, pushed for the needs of digital imaging. Recent years has seen the widespread use of the charge coupled device (CCD) in all fields of TEM. Although it does provide digital readout, its spatial resolution and sensitivity are fundamentally limited by the use of an indirect detection method based on scintillator screens to convert high energy electrons into photons. To realize the full imaging potential of the TEM, a new imaging detector for TEM, called the Direct Detection Device (DDD), was designed, built and characterized. The DDD is capable of directly detecting high energy electrons with a high signal to noise ratio, ensuring single electron sensitivity. Thanks to the small 5μm pixel size, the spatial resolution of the DDD exceeds any current imaging detectors in the TEM. Additionally, with the recent development of the fifth generations DDD prototype, the imaging performance of the DDD was further improved by using the DDD as a high speed 2-dimensional electron counter. The Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) of the DDD at half Nyquist frequency (50 lp/mm) reached 50% using the noiseless electron counter operation. The unique features of the DDD also enabled the possibility of specimen drift correction and fast wide-field image mosaic acquisition. With the advantages of direct electron detection, the DDD is expected to improve the image quality and resolution of all fields of TEM, especially for low dose imaging.
Tocopherol Content of Japanese Algae and Its Seasonal Variation (1987)

The tocopherol content of twelve species of Japanese algae were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Phaeophyta showed higher total tocopherol content than Chlorophyta and Rhodophyta. In five species of algae, α-tocopherol was the principal ( > 90%) type of tocopherol. Other species contained about 10 ~ 50% of non-a-tocopherols. Three species contained relatively high percentages ( > 5%) of ^-tocopherol, although no evidence was previously reported for the presence of ß-tocopherol in algae. Analipus japonicus and Pelvetia wrightii contained approximately equal amounts of ¿-tocopherol and α-tocopherol. The total tocopherol contents of Hizikia fusiforme and A. japonicus increased seasonally with the growth of their thalluses. These seasonal increases were associated wiht the photosynthetic activities of these algae. In the period of maturation, the total tocopherol content of A. japonicus increased rapidly. This was caused by an increase in the ¿-tocopherol content.
Cloning and sequencing of the genes for the proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum and the implications for the domain structure of the enzyme (1994)

The genes for the proton-translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum have been cloned using a probe constructed with the polymerase chain reaction, genomic DNA as target and oligonucleotide primers corresponding to amino acid sequence obtained from the purified soluble subunit. There is a cluster of three genes, designated pntAA, pntAB and pntB, whose translation products indicate polypeptides of 384, 139 and 464 amino acids, respectively. This contrasts with the situation in the enzymes from Escherichia coli (two polypeptides) and bovine mitochondria (one polypeptide) but there is close similarity between the sequences. PntAA is the soluble subunit of the enzyme from R. rubrum, equivalent to the relatively hydrophilic domain I that forms the N-terminal part of the alpha polypeptide of E. coli transhydrogenase and which probably contains the NAD(H)-binding site. PntAB corresponds to the strongly hydrophobic domain IIa at the C-terminus of the alpha polypeptide of the E. coli transhydrogenase. PntB corresponds to the E. coli beta polypeptide, which comprises the strongly hydrophobic domain IIb and the relatively hydrophilic domain III, thought to contain the NADP(H)-binding site. The peptide bond between PntAA-Lys237 and -Glu238 of both the denatured and the native soluble subunit is very sensitive to proteolysis by trypsin and the neighbouring peptide bond Lys227-Thr228 to cleavage by the endoproteinase Lys-C. Related sites have been reported to be sensitive to trypsin in the E. coli and bovine mitochondrial enzymes. The two tryptic fragments from the native R. rubrum soluble subunit are unable to reconstitute transhydrogenase activity to membranes depleted of the soluble subunit but they can block reconstitution by intact soluble subunit. It is suggested that this protease-sensitive region separates two subdomains and that, after trypsinolysis, at least one retains structural integrity and can dock with domains II and/or III.
A Practical Approach for Extracting Tree Models in Forest Environments Based on Equirectangular Projections of Terrestrial Laser Scans (2013)

Extracting 3D tree models based on terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) point clouds is a challenging task as trees are complex objects. Current TLS devices acquire high-density data that allow a detailed reconstruction of the tree topology. However, in dense forests a fully automatic reconstruction of trees is often limited by occlusion, wind influences and co-registration issues. In this paper, a semi-automatic method for extracting branching and stem structure based on equirectangular projections (range and intensity maps) is presented. The digitization of branches and stems is based on 2D maps, which enables simple navigation and raster processing. The modeling is performed for each viewpoint individually instead of using a registered point cloud. Previously reconstructed 2D-skeletons are transformed between the maps. Therefore, wind influences, orientation imperfections of scans and data gaps can be overcome. The method is applied to a TLS dataset acquired in a forest in Germany. In total 34 scans were carried out within a managed forest to measure approximately 90 spruce trees with minimal occlusions. The results demonstrate the feasibility of the presented approach to extract tree models with a high completeness and correctness and provide an excellent input for further modeling applications.
Comparative Proteomics of Nasal Fluid in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis (2006)

A comparative proteomic approach was applied to examine nasal lavage fluid (NLF) from patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR, n = 6) and healthy subjects (controls, n = 5). NLF samples were taken both before allergy (pollen) season and during season, and proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) after tryptic cleavage. Twenty proteins were selected and quantified. During allergy season, the levels of six sialylated isoforms of PLUNC (palate lung nasal epithelial clone) were lower in SAR patients than controls, as were the levels of six isoforms of von Ebner's gland protein (VEGP), including a previously undescribed form with N-linked glycosylation, and of cystatin S. PLUNC is a new innate immunity protein and VEGP and cystatin S are two endogenous proteinase inhibitors. By contrast, the levels of an acidic form of alpha-1-antitrypsin were higher in SAR patients than controls. One previously unidentified NLF protein was found in all samples from the SAR patients during allergy season but not in any sample before allergy season: this protein was identified as eosinophil lysophospholipase (Charcot-Leyden crystal protein/galactin 10). MS/MS analysis of the N-terminus of the protein showed removal of Met and acetylation of Ser. Altogether, these findings illustrate the potential use of proteomics for identifying protein changes associated with allergic rhinitis and for revealing post-translational modifications of such new potential markers of allergic inflammation.
Lack of association between antipsychotic‐induced Parkinsonism or its subsymptoms and rs4606 SNP of RGS2 gene in African‐Caribbeans and the possible role of the medication: The Curacao extrapyramidal syndromes study X (2009)

Recent studies demonstrate an association between antipsychotic-induced parkinsonism (AIP) and rs4606 SNP of RGS2 gene in Jewish and African-Americans. The current study investigates the association between rs4606 and AIP or its subsymptoms (rest tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia) in 112 psychiatric inpatients of African-Caribbean origin. Presence of AIP, rigidity, bradykinesia, and tremor was measured by the UPDRS. We applied chi(2) (or Fisher Exact) and logistic regression analyses in several models including rs4606, age, gender, dose of antipsychotics, and anticholinergics, and two other putatively functional SNPs in DRD2 (-141CIns/Del) and HTR2C (Cys23Ser) genes. In contrast to recent literature, we find no evidence for an association between rs4606 and AIP or any of its subsymptoms. We hypothesize that the observed lack of association is due probably to differences in serotonin 2A-receptor affinities of the antipsychotics utilized (in contrast to the other published studies, the majority of our patients utilized typical antipsychotics).
Does bafilomycin A <sub>1</sub> block the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes? (2008)

Bafilomycin A(1) is a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar type H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase) in cells, and inhibits the acidification of organelles containing this enzyme, such as lysosomes and endosomes. Recently, while editing and reviewing chapters on autophagy for Methods in Enzymology, we noticed repeated references to the effect of bafilomycin A(1) in blocking the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes. Of course we have seen this in various research papers as well, but reading this routinely in chapters written by various people over a short period of time really caused this to stand out. Every one of these chapters referred to the paper by Yamamoto et al. In that paper, treatment with 100 nM bafilomycin A(1) for 1 h blocks the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes in the rat hepatoma H-4-II-E cell line, based on data from electron microscopy. However, data from one of our labs noted an apparently different result in a relatively recent manuscript. Therefore, we decided to look into this more carefully.
Colored images generated by metallic sub-wavelength gratings (2009)

Gratings with periods smaller than visible wavelengths in ambient white light will exhibit enhanced colors if the profile is designed so that resonant light interaction occurs in the visible range. Resonances have a frequency-selective influence to the grating diffraction inducing colors in transmittance and reflectance, respectively. Apart from the well-known surface-plasmon polariton excitations and cavity resonances, newly discovered resonances in TE-polarization can be exploited for colorizing wire-gratings, when simply illuminated by unpolarized white light. Colors can be laterally tuned by varying the grating profile. The capability of generating images by sub-wavelength gratings is exemplified by a metallic wire grating embedded in a plastic foil with a lateral variable modulation depth. This method for producing colored images is predestined for industrial mass production and will have ever more practical applications such as for security features.
A CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF OROFACIAL SWELLINGS (A PROSPECTIVE STUDY) (2016)

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of orofacial swellings could be attributed to the presence of inflammation, congenital developmental malformations and neoplasia. Orofacial swellings may occur in the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses, ear, eye, facial skin, oral cavity and salivary glands. Swellings of the orofacial region include cysts and tumors. Cysts are divided into developmental and inflammatory types. Tumors are divided into benign and malignant types. OBJECTIVES: Perform clinicopathological correlation of orofacial swellings and assess the frequency of incidence regarding age, sex, site, and type of lesion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A clinicopathological prospective study was conducted on 100 patients suffering from swellings in the orofacial region attending the outpatient clinic of the oral and maxillofacial surgery department. The histopathological examination was done. Statistical analysis was carried out on the tabulated data using (IBM SPSS 20.0) software. RESULTS: It was found that the incidence of all swellings in males was slightly more than females. The incidence of all swellings in the second and third decades of age. The mandible was the most frequently affected site. Using the histological classification of the World Health Organization (WHO), 32% were classified as cysts, 26% as odontogenic tumors, 25% as non-odontogenic tumors, 11% fibro-osseous lesions and 6% as salivary gland tumors. CONCLUSIONS: Cysts are the most common oral swellings, followed by odontogenic tumors. The treatment modalities were: marsupialization, enucleation, resection, segmental mandibulectomy and hemimandibulectomy. Following surgical removal of jaw swelling, the entire surgical specimen should be examined histopathologically
Downhole Chemical Injection Through Gas Lift: Options and Consequences (2011)

Abstract Gas lift is being utilized to enhance production of heavy crude from the Campos field offshore Brazil. Downhole chemical injection is implemented to treat the crude and assist with chemical inhibitor delivery to protect the reservoir fluids in the well tubing from corrosion due to elevated concentrations of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Due to the absence of dedicated chemical injection lines in the field, H2S scavenger is diluted in ethanol and transported with the gas lift, through the gas lift line (GLL), to the well casing. The gas lift and aqueous chemical phase flow together in the inner annulus between the casing and tubing as a multiphase mixture. The mixture is then injected into the well tubing through a gas lift valve (GLV). Field measurements have shown the crude is not always uniformly treated with the chemicals due to unsteady discharge of the chemicals from the casing into the production tubing through the GLV. Advanced steady state and transient simulations were carried out to analyze the supercritical / multiphase flow in the gas lift system. Moreover, the complex phenomena associated with the hydraulic instability upstream of the GLV, and subsequent irregular injection of the multiphase mixture into the tubing, were well-characterized. Simulation results are qualitatively accurate and descriptive as they duplicate the phenomena observed in the field. It was found that the dynamic stability of the wellbore was disturbed by either insufficient pressure gradients at the GLV or by localized slugging initiated in the casing. As such, chemical accumulation in the casing and intermittent pressure build-up upstream of the GLV were responsible for the non-uniform injection into the well tubing. The system’s dynamic stability can be restored by either increasing the casing pressure to a level high enough so the GLV tolerates normal variations in the casing pressure or by manipulating the flow pattern in the casing to avoid slug flow. Simulation results proved both techniques to be effective. Field data and simulation results show that GLL may be substituted for chemical injection lines provided the GLV is designed based on a sound understanding of the system’s hydraulics and a reasonable prediction of the operating pressures on its sides throughout the well life. Findings from this study provide guidelines for proper flow assurance practice and safe design and operation in artificial gas lift and chemical injection applications
Intermolecular motional degrees of freedom of water and water-d2 isolated in solid gas matrices (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermolecular motional degrees of freedom of water and water-d2 isolated in solid gas matricesErich Knoezinger and Ruediger WittenbeckCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 8, 2154–2158Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00346a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00346a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acceleration of bulk memory operations in a heterogeneous multicore architecture (2012)

In this paper, we present a novel approach of using the integrated GPU to accelerate conventional operations that are normally performed by the CPUs, the bulk memory operations, such as memcpy or memset. Offloading the bulk memory operations to the GPU has many advantages, i) the throughput driven GPU outperforms the CPU on the bulk memory operations; ii) for on-die GPU with unified cache between the GPU and the CPU, the GPU private caches can be leveraged by the CPU for storing moved data and reducing the CPU cache bottleneck; iii) with additional lightweight hardware, asynchronous offload can be supported as well; and iv) different from the prior arts using dedicated hardware copy engines (e.g., DMA), our approach leverages the exiting GPU hardware resources as much as possible. The performance results based on our solution showed that offloaded bulk memory operations outperform CPU up to 4.3 times in micro benchmarks while still using less resources. Using eight real world applications and a cycle based full system simulation environment, the results showed 30% speedup for five, more than 20% speedup for two of the eight applications.
Suppression of Coke Formation during Bitumen Pyrolysis (2013)

Mild pyrolysis (400 °C) of bitumen was investigated to establish ways in which coke formation can be suppressed. Bitumen was diluted to various degrees with solvents that had different hydrogen transfer properties, namely, hydrogen donation, hydrogen shuttling, and poor hydrogen transfer properties. Additionally, the concentration of light products generated during bitumen pyrolysis was manipulated by pressure and batch/semibatch operation. Coke formation was suppressed by light material, whether added as a solvent or generated in situ during pyrolysis. As anticipated, hydrogen transfer was important, but coke formation was reduced by 35% at 10% concentration of even a poor hydrogen transfer solvent. Hydrogen availability and the H:C ratio of the reaction mixture were found to be particularly influential in determining whether coke formed. The results showed that light gases produced during pyrolysis were not irreversible reaction products, but continued to participate in the reaction network to moderate the pyrolysis process and suppress coke formation. Applied to industrial operation, evidence was provided to indicate that liquid yield can be increased and coke formation can be suppressed during visbreaking by cofeeding light gases, typically C4 and lighter hydrocarbons.
Optical encryption by double-random phase encoding in the fractional Fourier domain (2000)

We propose an optical architecture that encodes a primary image to stationary white noise by using two statistically independent random phase codes. The encoding is done in the fractional Fourier domain. The optical distribution in any two planes of a quadratic phase system (QPS) are related by fractional Fourier transform of the appropriately scaled distribution in the two input planes. Thus a QPS offers a continuum of planes in which encoding can be done. The six parameters that characterize the QPS in addition to the random phase codes form the key to the encrypted image. The proposed method has an enhanced security value compared with earlier methods. Experimental results in support of the proposed idea are presented.
Storing Infinite Numbers of Patterns in a Spin-Glass Model of Neural Networks (1985)

The Hopfield model for a neural network is studied in the limit when the number $p$ of stored patterns increases with the size $N$ of the network, as $p=\ensuremath{\alpha}N$. It is shown that, despite its spin-glass features, the model exhibits associative memory for $\ensuremath{\alpha}<{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$, ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.14$. This is a result of the existence at low temperature of $2p$ dynamically stable degenerate states, each of which is almost fully correlated with one of the patterns. These states become ground states at $\ensuremath{\alpha}<0.05$. The phase diagram of this rich spin-glass is described.
Bibliographical Notices (1885)

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Multiscalar processors (1998)

Article Free Access Share on Multiscalar processors Authors: Gurindar S. Sohi Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile , Scott E. Breach Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile , T. N. Vijaykumar Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI Computer Sciences Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WIView Profile Authors Info & Claims ISCA '98: 25 years of the international symposia on Computer architecture (selected papers)August 1998Pages 521–532https://doi.org/10.1145/285930.286010Published:01 August 1998Publication History 14citation567DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations14Total Downloads567Last 12 Months38Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF