gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation And Monitoring Of Free Running Oscillators Serving As Source Of Randomness (2018)

In this paper, we evaluate clock signals generated in ring oscillators and self-timed rings and the way their jitter can be transformed into random numbers. We show that counting the periods of the jittery clock signal produces random numbers of significantly better quality than the methods in which the jittery signal is simply sampled (the case in almost all current methods). Moreover, we use the counter values to characterize and continuously monitor the source of randomness. However, instead of using the widely used statistical variance, we propose to use Allan variance to do so. There are two main advantages: Allan variance is insensitive to low frequency noises such as flicker noise that are known to be autocorrelated and significantly less circuitry is required for its computation than that used to compute commonly used variance. We also show that it is essential to use a differential principle of<br> randomness extraction from the jitter based on the use of two identical oscillators to avoid autocorrelations originating from external and internal global jitter sources and that this fact is valid for both kinds of rings. Last but not least, we propose a method of statistical testing based on high order Markov model to show the reduced dependencies when the proposed randomness extraction is applied.
Three-Stage Treatment of TX/RX IQ Imbalance and Channel with CFO for SC-FDE Systems (2014)

Direct-conversion transceiver obtains increasing attentions due to its low power consumption, but it confronts with serious IQ imbalance. In this paper, a three-stage treatment of transmitter/receiver (TX/RX) IQ imbalance and channel, in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO), is proposed for single-carrier-frequency-domain-equalization (SC-FDE) systems. First, RX IQ imbalance and CFO are handled with a repetitive preamble. Second, joint responses of TX IQ imbalance and channel are estimated by designing another preamble via complementary Golay codes. Third, joint compensation of TX IQ imbalance and time-varying channel is conducted using the minimal-mean-square-error criterion. Simulations are presented to verify the proposed method, in terms of normalized mean square error for the estimation and bit error rate for the overall system.
Tibial tubercle fractures in children with intra-articular involvement: Surgical tips for technical ease (2011)

We speculate that patients who sustain a tibial tubercle avulsion fracture types III or V will likely have intra-articular pathology, specifically capsular avulsion or coronary ligament disruption. By utilizing suture anchors, our technique emphasizes renewing the anatomic articular environment to ensure better long-term results and maintaining these active individuals in sports.
Fire performance studies on glass‐reinforced plastic laminates (1994)

Abstract Polyester, epoxy and phenolic glass‐reinforced laminates were compared in terms of their fire properties in the cone calorimeter. The presence of a gel coat on the polyester and epoxy products had some effect, mainly in the FR grades. The FR polyester with a brominated flame retardant showed a marked decrease in rate of heat release and in rate of smoke production. Aluminium hydroxide (commonly called alumina trihydrate of ATH) caused a significant delay in ignition time for the epoxy product and some reduction in rate of heat release but rate of smoke release was still relatively high. Phenolic laminates showed a long ignition time and relatively low rate of heat release (RHR). The peak RHR was further reduced by the presence of aluminium hydroxide and by changing the type of glass reinforcement. The influence of thickness was explored for a series of phenolic laminates in both cone calorimeter and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) surface flammability test. Ignition delay time was significantly affected and the cone calorimeter results showed that the shape of the RHR curve was also changed as the thickness increased. However, the heat release measurements in the IMO test were not sensitive enough to pick up the differences in this property. The type of substrate under the laminate significantly altered the burning rate but this may have been because they were not glued or mechanically fixed.
Modelling Information Needs in Collaborative Search Conversations (2017)

The increase of voice-based interaction has changed the way people seek information, making search more conversational. Development of effective conversational approaches to search requires better understanding of how people express information needs in dialogue. This paper describes the creation and examination of over 32K spoken utterances collected during 34 hours of collaborative search tasks. The contribution of this work is three-fold. First, we propose a model of conversational information needs (CINs) based on a synthesis of relevant theories in Information Seeking and Retrieval. Second, we show several behavioural patterns of CINs based on the proposed model. Third, we identify effective feature groups that may be useful for detecting CINs categories from conversations. This paper concludes with a discussion of how these findings can facilitate advance of conversational search applications.
Group-driven Reinforcement Learning for Personalized mHealth Intervention (2017)

Due to the popularity of smartphones and wearable devices nowadays, mobile health (mHealth) technologies are promising to bring positive and wide impacts on people's health. State-of-the-art decision-making methods for mHealth rely on some ideal assumptions. Those methods either assume that the users are completely homogenous or completely heterogeneous. However, in reality, a user might be similar with some, but not all, users. In this paper, we propose a novel group-driven reinforcement learning method for the mHealth. We aim to understand how to share information among similar users to better convert the limited user information into sharper learned RL policies. Specifically, we employ the K-means clustering method to group users based on their trajectory information similarity and learn a shared RL policy for each group. Extensive experiment results have shown that our method can achieve clear gains over the state-of-the-art RL methods for mHealth.
Pinosylvin and Monomethylpinosylvin, Constituents of an Extract from the Knot of <i>Pinus sylvestris</i>, Reduce Inflammatory Gene Expression and Inflammatory Responses in Vivo (2015)

Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) is known to be rich in phenolic compounds, which may have anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of a knot extract from P. sylvestris and two stilbenes, pinosylvin and monomethylpinosylvin, isolated from the extract. Inflammation is characterized by increased release of pro-inflammatory and regulatory mediators including nitric oxide (NO) produced by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) pathway. The knot extract (EC50 values of 3 and 3 μg/mL) as well as two of its constituents, pinosylvin (EC50 values of 13 and 15 μM) and monomethylpinosylvin (EC50 values of 8 and 12 μM), reduced NO production and iNOS expression in activated macrophages. They also inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and MCP-1. More importantly, pinosylvin and monomethylpinosylvin exerted a clear anti-inflammatory effect (80% inhibition at the dose of 100 mg/kg) in the standard in vivo model, carrageenan-induced paw inflammation in the mouse, with the effect being comparable to that of a known iNOS inhibitor L-NIL. The results reveal that the Scots pine stilbenes pinosylvin and monomethylpinosylvin are potential anti-inflammatory compounds.
The Condensation of Cyclohexanone with Furan and Pyrrole (1971)

Several compounds formed by the acid-catalyzed condensation of cyclohexanone with furan and pyrrole have been isolated and identified. A previously-reported structure for one of the products of the condensation of cyclohexanone with pyrrole has been shown to be incorrect.
Chronic rejection (1996)

The pathogenesis of chronic rejection is a complex network of immunological, metabolic and haemodynamic events leading to a cascade of cellular and molecular events with a subsequent remodelling of the graft. Evidence suggests that the frequency and intensity of acute rejection episodes strongly correlate with graft loss as a result of chronic rejection. The most characteristic feature of chronic rejection, shared by all organs, is concentric generalized arteriosclerosis with low-grade perivasculitis affecting all intragraft arteries of the transplant. In-vitro studies have demonstrated that a variety of cells and molecules may regulate smooth muscle cell replication in the vascular wall, the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media into the intima, and the development of arteriosclerotic lesions throughout the entire length of the vessel wall. These molecules include peptide growth factors, cytokines, vasoactive hormones, and lipid mediators of inflammation (eicosanoids), and they are secreted in situ by inflammatory, endothelial and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall. In order to prevent chronic rejection it is necessary to optimize immunosuppression, possibly by the use of new immunosuppressive drugs that also seem to have direct inhibitory effect on smooth muscle cells and on transplant arteriosclerosis. The scope of this review is to highlight our current understanding of the risk factors, pathogenesis and prevention of chronic renal allograft rejection. This review will also briefly discuss present animal models used to investigate chronic rejection at the cellular and molecular level.
Mutations of the<i>PDS</i>Gene, Encoding Pendrin, Are Associated with Protein Mislocalization and Loss of Iodide Efflux: Implications for Thyroid Dysfunction in Pendred Syndrome (2002)

Pendred syndrome (PDS) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by deafness and goiter. Phenotypic heterogeneity is observed in affected individuals, and thyroid dysfunction is particularly variable. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the PDS (SLC26A4) gene, encoding an anion transporter pendrin, which localizes to the apical membrane of thyroid follicular cells. PDS is thought to enable efflux iodide into the follicle lumen. More than 50 diseases causing mutations of PDS have been reported. Here we have investigated the effect of nine PDS missense mutations on pendrin localization and iodide transport with the view to understanding their functional impact. As demonstrated by transient expression of green fluorescent protein-tagged pendrin mutant constructs in mammalian cell lines, appropriate trafficking to the plasma membrane was observed for only two mutants. The remaining PDS mutants appear to be retained within the endoplasmic reticulum following transfection. Iodide efflux assays were performed using human embryonic kidney 293 cells transfected with mutant pendrin and cotransfected with sodium iodide transporter to provide a mechanism of iodide uptake. The results indicated loss of pendrin iodide transport for all mislocalizing mutations. However, PDS mutants are associated with variable thyroid dysfunction in affected subjects. We concluded that additional genetic and/or environmental factors influence the thyroid activity in Pendred syndrome.
Blood platelet count and function are related to total and cardiovascular death in apparently healthy men. (1991)

BACKGROUNDExperimental animal and clinical studies indicate that blood platelets have an important role in atherosclerosis and formation of thrombi. Prospective studies presenting evidence of an association between blood platelet count and cardiovascular mortality have not been performed.METHODS AND RESULTSFrom 1973 to 1975, blood platelets were counted, and their responsiveness to aggregating agents was studied in healthy middle-aged men. The aim was to assess the possible association between these variables and coronary heart disease. At 13.5 years of follow up, a significantly higher coronary heart disease mortality was observed among the 25% of subjects with the highest platelet counts. Platelet aggregation performed in a random subsample (150 of the 487 men), moreover, revealed that the 50% with the most rapid aggregation response after ADP stimulation had significantly increased coronary heart disease mortality compared with the others. These associations could not be explained by differences in age...
Treatment of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2011)

The seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in Korea was found to be decreased. However eradication rate of 1 st line therapy has become lower and antimicrobial resistance has increased, recently. Therefore we must also be prepared to face treatment failure and in designing a treatment strategy we should not focus on the results of 1st line therapy alone, but also on the rescue therapy. Some studies have demonstrated that levofloxacine-based triple regimen shows favourable results in 2 nd or 3 rd line therapy. However, it has shown that resistance to quinolones is easily acquired, and in Korea with a high consumption of these drugs, the resistance rate is increasing and is already relatively high. Therefore it should be reserved for final rescue treatment. Another potential regimen for final rescue therapy is rifabutin-based regimen which is known to be effective for H. pylori strains resistant to clarithromycin or metronidazole. Several concerns still remain, however, regarding rifabutin treatment. Firstly it is very expensive. Secondly myelotoxicity such as leukopenia and thrombocytopenia have been reported in some patients treated with rifabutin. Finally because of multiresistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis increasing in numbers, indications for these drugs should be chosen very carefully to avoid further acceleration of development of resistance. Therefore refabutin should be considered only as the last option. It is difficult to choose proper treatment in Korea after failure of 2 nd line treatment, because only a few study about 3 rd line rescue therapy have been reported. Therefore we need more well designed randomized controlled studies. (
Hyaluronate receptor CD44 is expressed by astrocytes in the adult chicken and in astrocyte cell precursors in early development of the chick spinal cord. (1999)

The role of the hyaluronate receptor, CD44, is well known in adult mammal astrocytes where it modulates neuron-glia interactions. However, no data exist regarding its expression in other vertebrates during their development. In order to detect the expression of CD44 in the chicken and its possible involvement in glial precursor migratory patterns during spinal cord development, a monoclonal antibody (MoAb) against the mammalian standard isoform, CD44-H, was used in immunohistochemical and immunoblot assays. With these methods, CD44 hyaluronate receptors were found on mature astrocyte membranes of adult chicken spinal cord. Astrocytes were identified using a MoAb against GFAP. During development, small clusters of CD44 labelled cells were seen lining the central canal starting from embryonic stage E10. These labelled cells were dispersed in the dorsal, lateral and ventral funiculi of the spinal cord in the subsequent stages. After stage E15, the CD44 labelled cells were identified as astrocytes because of their GFAP immunoreactivity. We conclude that CD44 receptors on immature astrocyte precursors should be considered as early astrocyte markers which have a possible role during cell migratory dispersal.
Multileaf collimator in radiotherapy (2004)

Background. Basic goal of radiotherapy treatment is the irradiation of a target volume while minimizing the amount of radiation absorbed in healthy tissue. Shaping the beam is an important way of minimizing the absorbed dose in healthy tissue and critical structures. Conventional collimator jaws are used for shaping a rectangular treatment field; but, as usually treatment volume is not rectangular, additional shaping is required. On a linear accelerator, lead blocks or individually made Cerrobend™ blocks are attached onto the treatment head under standard collimating system. Another option is the use of multileaf collimator (MLC). Conclusions. Multileaf collimator is becoming the main tool for beam shaping on the linear accelerator. It is a simple and useful system in the preparation and performance of radiotherapy treatment. Multileaf collimators are reliable, as their manufacturers developed various mechanisms for their precision, control and reliability, together with reduction of leakage and transmission of radiation between and through the leaves. Multileaf collimator is known today as a very useful clinical system for simple field shaping, but its use is getting even more important in dynamic radiotherapy, with the leaves moving during irradiation. This enables a precise dose delivery on any part of a treated volume. Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the therapy of the future, is based on the dynamic use of MLC.
Guanidination chemistry for qualitative and quantitative proteomics (2006)

The application of guanidination chemistry, the conversion of lysine into homoarginine residues, is used to illustrate several important general considerations relating to the use of differential isotope labelling for relative quantification in proteomics. The derivatisation procedure has been optimised for automation using a liquid handling station designed for proteomics. Automated application of the procedure to the analysis of in-gel tryptic digests of multiple spots from the two-dimensional gel electrophoretic (2DE) analysis of proteins from the FDCP-mix cell line shows near-universal improvement in protein identification as a result of derivatisation. This chemistry has been extended for relative quantification, applicable to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and also tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). It provides a robust method for the quantitative comparison of two samples that have been separated by 2DE. A peptide pair may display poor detection during MS analysis, causing their reliable relative quantification to be difficult. In such circumstances, the additional selectivity of detection provided by MS/MS can substantiate identification and allow relative quantification of these species via product ion signal ratios.
Characterization of Oil Bodies in Adlay (<i>Coix lachryma-jobi</i> L) (2010)

Oil bodies were observed in cells of both embryo and aleurone layers of mature adlay grains (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen Stapf). Stable oil bodies were successfully isolated from the adlay grains. Thin-layer chromatography revealed that the contents stored in the adlay oil bodies were mainly neutral lipids (>90% triacylglycerols and about 5% diacylglycerols). The integrity of the isolated oil bodies was presumably maintained via electronegative repulsion and steric hindrance provided by their surface proteins. Immunological cross-recognition using antibodies against sesame oil-body proteins indicated that two oleosin isoforms (termed oleosin-H and oleosin-L) and one caleosin were present in the adlay oil bodies. Full-length cDNA fragments encoding these three unique oil-body proteins were obtained by PCR cloning. MALDI-MS analyses confirmed that the three full-length cDNA fragments encoded the two oleosin isoforms and one caleosin observed in the oil bodies isolated from the adlay grains.
Primary microRNA transcript retention at sites of transcription leads to enhanced microRNA production (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNAs with important roles in regulating gene expression. In studying the earliest nuclear steps of miRNA biogenesis, we observe that primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts retained at transcription sites due to the deletion of 3'-end processing signals are converted more efficiently into precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) than pri-miRNAs that are cleaved, polyadenylated, and released. Flanking exons, which also increase retention at transcription sites, likewise contribute to increased levels of intronic pri-miRNAs. Consistently, efficiently processed endogenous pri-miRNAs are enriched in chromatin-associated nuclear fractions. In contrast, pri-miRNAs that accumulate to high nuclear levels after cleavage and polyadenylation because of the presence of a viral RNA element (the ENE of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus polyadenylated nuclear RNA) are not efficiently processed to precursor or mature miRNAs. Exogenous pri-miRNAs unexpectedly localize to nuclear foci containing splicing factor SC35; yet these foci are unlikely to represent sites of miRNA transcription or processing. Together, our results suggest that pri-miRNA processing is enhanced by coupling to transcription.
Fluorescent dye incorporation causes weakened gene association and intracellular aggregate formation in nonviral carriers (2015)

These results not only provide insight into the assembly of these structures, but also help to identify labeling strategies sufficient to preserve activity at the same time as enabling detailed studies of trafficking and disassembly.
[A new inhalation system for bronchodilatation. Study of the acceptance of the Ingelheim M inhaler in chronic obstructive respiratory tract diseases]. (1990)

The aim of this study was to investigate the acceptance and convenience of a new inhalation system for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Ingelheim M inhalator, an inhalation system with a supply magazine for six powder-filled capsules represents a further development of the Ingelheim inhalator in which only a single capsule can be utilized. The study was designed as an open, randomized, crossover trial involving 60 ambulatory adult patients. Each treatment period lasted two weeks. The medication tested was Berodual Inhaletten. The success of treatment was checked on the basis of peak flow metering each morning prior to and after initial inhalation. The results of the study show a highly significant preference on the part of the patients for the new inhalation system. The advantage most emphasized by the patients was the fact that they were able to carry with them their entire daily dose. Differences in the symptomatology of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were not observed with these inhalation systems.
Coadministration of Ketoconazole to Cyclosporin-Treated Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Randomized Study (1995)

In this work, 100 living related donor kidney transplant recipients under cyclosporin (CsA) therapy were randomly distributed to two groups. Group 1 were administered ketoconazole, with group 2 serving as the control. Ketoconazole was given orally, 100 mg/day, while the dose of CsA was adjusted for a CsA whole blood trough level of 100-150 ng/ml. Patients and controls were assessed regularly in an outpatient clinic for 12 months and compared statistically for CsA dose, graft and liver functions, cholesterol, blood sugar, CsA nephrotoxicity, acute rejection episodes, chronic rejection and fungal skin infections. Statistical analysis showed a significant reduction in the CsA dose in the ketoconazole-treated group (73-76%), along with significantly lower alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, and serum creatinine values. CsA chronic nephrotoxicity and chronic rejections were also significantly lower in the ketoconazole-treated group, as was fungal skin infection (6.6 vs 63.2%). From this study, we conclude that addition of a low dose of ketoconazole to CsA-treated kidney transplant recipients not only saves costs, but may also have a favorable effect on graft function, chronic CsA nephrotoxicity, chronic rejection and fungal skin infection.