gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: BASE‐INDUCED CYCLIZATION OF N‐(BIS(ETHOXYCARBONYL)METHYL)‐2‐BROMO‐3‐HYDROXYBUTYRAMIDE DERIVATIVES (1984)

Abstract Im Rahmen der Synthese von Carbapenemsystemen wird die Titelreaktion untersucht.
An Improved Objective Method for Rating Picture Sharpness: CMT Acutance (1973)

System Modulation Transfer (SMT) acutance has been calculated for photographic materials and reported with Modulation Transfer (MT) test results since its introduction in 1962. The reliability of this acutance index has recently been questioned. Two defects were found, neither of which was a serious problem when the SMT model was introduced. These defects become important in the presence of chemical adjacency effects. A proposed new model for acutance indices that avoids the defects in the SMT model has been evaluated. This Cascaded Modulation Transfer (CMT) acutance index correlates with visual experiments.
Clinical significance of the relationship between chlamydia pneumoniae infection and coronary heart disease (2008)

Objective To assess the relationship between the Chlamydia pneumonia(CPn)infection and coronary heart disease(CHD).Methods Blood samples from 200 CHD patients and 100 heathy controls were col-lected,and Cpn IgM and Cpn IgG were tested by ELISA.Results The Cpn IgM were found in 113 cases (56.5%) and in 24 controls(24.0%).The Cpn IgG positive cases were in 145(72.5%) patients and in 43 controls (43.0%).The positive rate of Cpn IgM and Cpn IgG in CHD group Was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:CPn positive rate is higher in CHD group than that in control group.Cpn is closely related to the pathogenesis of CHD.

Key words: 
Coronary heart disease;  Chlamydia pneumonia;  IgM;  IgG;  ELISA
Renal cell carcinoma does not express argininosuccinate synthetase and is highly sensitive to arginine deprivation<i>via</i>arginine deiminase (2006)

Recently, pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI; EC 3.5.3.6) has been used to treat the patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or melanoma, in which the level of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) activity is low or undetectable. The efficacy of its antitumor activity largely depends on the level of intracellular ASS, which enables tumor cells to recycle citrulline to arginine. Thus, we examined the expression levels of ASS in various cancer cells and found that it is low in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells, rendering the cells highly sensitive to arginine deprivation by ADI treatment. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in biopsy specimens from RCC patients (n = 98), the expression of ASS is highly demonstrated in the epithelium of normal proximal tubule but not seen in tumor cells. Furthermore, RCC cells treated with ADI showed remarkable growth retardation in a dose dependent manner. ADI also exerted in vivo antiproliferative effect on the allografted renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) tumor cells and prolonged the survival of tumor-bearing mice. Histological examination of the tumors revealed that tumor angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were significantly diminished by ADI administration. Therefore, these findings suggest that arginine deprivation by ADI could provide a beneficial strategy for the treatment of RCC in ways of inhibitions of arginine availability and neovascularization.
Demonstration of a frequency-agile RF source configuration using bistable optically controlled semiconductor switches (BOSS) (2002)

The processes of persistent photoconductivity followed by photo-quenching have been demonstrated at megawatt power levels in copper-compensated, silicon-doped, semi-insulating gallium arsenide. These processes allow a switch to be developed that can be closed by the application of one laser pulse (/spl lambda/=1.06 /spl mu/m) and opened by the application of a second laser pulse with a wavelength equal to twice that of the first laser (/spl lambda/=2.13 /spl mu/m). The opening phase requires a sufficient concentration of recombination centers (RC) in the material for opening to occur in the subnanosecond regime. These RCs are generated in the bulk GaAs material by fast-neutron irradiation (/spl sim/1-MeV). Neutron-irradiated bistable optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS) devices have been opened against a rising average electric field of about 36 kV/cm (18 kV) in a time less than one nanosecond while operating at a repetition rate, within a two-pulse burst, of about 1 GHz. The ability to modify the frequency content of the electrical pulses, by varying the time separation, is demonstrated. Results demonstrating the operation of BOSS devices in a frequency-agile RF source configuration are also discussed.
Predicting Parameters in Deep Learning (2013)

We demonstrate that there is significant redundancy in the parameterization of several deep learning models. Given only a few weight values for each feature it is possible to accurately predict the remaining values. Moreover, we show that not only can the parameter values be predicted, but many of them need not be learned at all. We train several different architectures by learning only a small number of weights and predicting the rest. In the best case we are able to predict more than 95% of the weights of a network without any drop in accuracy.
Tumor-Derived Autophagosomes (DRibbles) Induce B Cell Activation in a TLR2-MyD88 Dependent Manner (2013)

Previously, we have documented that isolated autophagosomes from tumor cells could efficiently cross-prime tumor-reactive naïve T cells and mediate tumor regression in preclinical mouse models. However, the effect of tumor-derived autophagosomes, here we refer as to DRibbles, on B cells has not been studied so far. At present study, we found that DRibbles generated from a murine hepatoma cell line Hep1-6, induced B-cell activation after intravenous injection into mice. B-cell populations were significantly expanded and the production of Hep1-6 tumor-specific antibodies was successfully induced. Moreover, in vitro studies showed that DRibbles could induce more efficient B-cell proliferation and activation, antibody production, and cytokine secretion than whole tumor cell lysates. Notably, we found that B-cell activation required proteins but not DNA in the DRibbles. We further showed that B cells could capture DRibbles and present antigens in the DRibbles to directly induce T cell activation. Furthermore, we found that B-cell activation, antibody production, cytokine secretion and antigen cross-presentation were TLR2-MyD88 pathway dependent. Taken together, the present studies demonstrated that tumor-derived autophagosomes (DRibbles) efficiently induced B cells activation, antibody production, cytokine secretion and antigen cross-presentation mainly depending on their protein component via TLR2/MyD88 dependent manner.
Marxist state theory and state autonomy theory: the case of ‘race’ education in initial teacher education (1995)

Abstract In recent times, there have been a number of critiques of Marxist and neo‐Marxist analyses of the state and education policy. These have drawn on postmodernist, ‘quasi‐postmodernist’ and state autonomy perspectives. While the postmodernist and ‘quasi‐postmodernist’ approaches have attracted critical response, to date, the state autonomy perspective has, to our knowledge, gone unchallenged. To address this theoretical lacuna, this paper analyses one writer's attempt, via an historical case study, to uphold state autonomy theory by detailing the ongoing relationship between one quasi‐state agency and the practice of ‘race’ education in initial teacher education. We argue that there are serious conceptual weaknesses in this latest attempt to apply state autonomy theory to educational policy analysis. The arguments in the case study under consideration are seriously compromised by a basically flawed hypothesis, a misrepresentation of contemporary (neo‐) Marxist education policy analysis and by a failure to look at ‘the big picture’.
Analysis and modeling of asynchronous traffic shaping in time sensitive networks (2018)

Time Sensitive Network (TSN) is an attractive solution for time-critical frame transmission in data link layer. Traffic scheduling and shaping in TSN aim to achieve bounded low latency and zero congestion loss. TSN provides traditional frame switching with reliable Quality-of-Service (QoS) parameters, however, synchronization challenges, e.g. jitter, lost timing frames, clock inaccuracy, threaten the reliability of TSN network. Emerging Asynchronous Traffic Shaping (ATS) guarantees determinism for real-time applications, e.g. automotive and industrial control, while removing the dependence on synchronous communication. This paper focuses on performance evaluation of the recently proposed ATS amendment to the IEEE 802.1 standard, two approaches are discussed: Urgency-Based Scheduler (UBS) and Paternoster policing and scheduling. Models and simulations are carried out for evaluation and comparison. Statistics on the end-to-end delay, buffer usage and frame loss rate are collected to assess the scheduling performance. Results show that ATS achieves effective traffic shaping and switching without synchronous mechanisms, while there is an evident trade-off for using these specific algorithms.
Adaptive Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT): A Feasibility Study for Human Missions to Mars (2011)

The present paper describes an innovative, semi-rigid, mechanically deployable hypersonic decelerator system for human missions to Mars. The approach taken in the present work builds upon previous architecture studies performed at NASA, and uses those findings as the foundation to perform analysis and trade studies. The broad objectives of the present work are: (i) to assess the viability of the concept for a heavy mass (landed mass ≈40 mT) Mars mission through system architecture studies; (ii) to contrast it with system studies previously performed by NASA; and (iii) to make the case for a Transformable Entry System Technology. The mechanically deployable concept at the heart of the proposed transformable architecture is akin to an umbrella, which in a stowed configuration meets launch requirements by conforming to the payload envelope in the launch shroud, and when deployed in earth orbit forms a large aerosurface designed to provide the necessary aerodynamic forces upon entry into the Martian atmosphere. The aerosurface is a thin skin draped over high-strength ribs; the thin skin or fabric with flexible material serves as the thermal protection system, and the ribs serve as the structure. A four-bar linkage mechanism allows for a reorientation of the aerosurface during aerocapture or during the entry and descent phases of atmospheric flight, thus providing a capability to navigate and control the vehicle and make possible precision landing. The actuators and mechanisms that are used to deploy the aerosurface are multi-functional in that they also allow for reorienting the
Interactive multiclass segmentation using superpixel classification (2015)

This paper adresses the problem of interactive multiclass segmentation. We propose a fast and efficient new interactive segmentation method called Superpixel Classification-based Interactive Segmentation (SCIS). From a few strokes drawn by a human user over an image, this method extracts relevant semantic objects. To get a fast calculation and an accurate segmentation, SCIS uses superpixel over-segmentation and support vector machine classification. In this paper, we demonstrate that SCIS significantly outperfoms competing algorithms by evaluating its performances on the reference benchmarks of McGuinness and Santner.
Spatio-temporal trajectory similarity and its application to predicting lack of interaction in traffic situations (2016)

This work addresses two topics. On one hand we study the problem of general measures for spatio-temporal trajectory similarity based on the evaluation of longitudinal and lateral spatio-temporal distance. On the other hand we employ trajectory similarity measures to general situation classification problems for traffic scenarios, which include the well-known problem of lane assignment and driving maneuver recognition.
Clusterhead election for mobile ad hoc wireless network (2004)

Selecting an appropriate clusterhead can save power for the whole ad hoc wireless network. Generally, clusterhead election for mobile ad hoc network is based on the distance to the centroid of a cluster, and the closest one is elected as the clusterhead; or pick a node with the maximum battery capacity as the clusterhead. In this paper, we present a clusterhead election scheme using fuzzy logic system (FLS) for mobile ad hoc wireless networks. Three descriptors are used: distance of a node to the cluster centroid, its remaining battery capacity, and its degree of mobility. The linguistic knowledge of clusterhead election based on these three descriptors is obtained from a group of network experts. 27 FLS rules are set up based on the linguistic knowledge. The output of the FLS provides a clusterhead possibility, and node with the highest possibility is elected as the clusterhead.
Extracting speech-rate values from a real-speech database (2003)

An examination of the articulatory and acoustic correlates of duration change using rules based on Klatt '79 confirms the influence of such known effects as stress, phonetic context, intrinsic vowel duration, part of speech, and position in utterance and provides a key to quantifying and isolating the effects of speech-rate through measurement of the smoothed error extracted from the difference between predicted and observed durations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast Bistable Switching Composite Systems of Side-chain Liquid-crystalline Copolymer and Low Molecular Weight Liquid Crystals (1999)

Abstract Mesomorphic characteristics and bistable light switching properties of the composite system composed of various side chain type liquid crystalline copolymers (LCcoPs) which includes the flexible dimethylsiloxane segment as one constituent of the copolymer and low molecular weight nematic liquid crystals (nematic LCs) have been investigated in order to construct the optimum smectic binary composite system with both fast light switching characteristics and stable memory effects at room temperature. Two types of novel (LCcoP/nematic LCs) composite systems in a smectic phase studied were (1) (pseudo LCcoP with weak polar methoxy terminal groups/nematic LCs with strong polar cyano terminal groups) and (2) (smectic LCcoP with strong polar cyano terminal groups/nematic LCs with the same terminal groups). The response speed of bistable light switching for the binary composite system could be remarkably improved by reducing the LCcoP fraction maintaining a smectic state at room temperature due to an increase of the optimum flexible segment fraction. Key Words: Side chain liquid crystalline copolymerpseudo liquid crystalline copolymerinduced smectic binary composite systeminduced smectic phasebistable and reversible electro-optical switchingmemory effect
Overexpression of Protein Kinase C βII Induces Colonic Hyperproliferation and Increased Sensitivity to Colon Carcinogenesis (1999)

Protein kinase C betaII (PKC betaII) has been implicated in proliferation of the intestinal epithelium. To investigate PKC betaII function in vivo, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress PKC betaII in the intestinal epithelium. Transgenic PKC betaII mice exhibit hyperproliferation of the colonic epithelium and an increased susceptibility to azoxymethane-induced aberrant crypt foci, preneoplastic lesions in the colon. Furthermore, transgenic PKC betaII mice exhibit elevated colonic beta-catenin levels and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3beta activity, indicating that PKC betaII stimulates the Wnt/adenomatous polyposis coli (APC)/beta-catenin proliferative signaling pathway in vivo. These data demonstrate a direct role for PKC betaII in colonic epithelial cell proliferation and colon carcinogenesis, possibly through activation of the APC/beta-catenin signaling pathway.
Hepatobiliary and intestinal clearance of amphiphilic cationic drugs in mice in which both <i>mdr1a</i> and <i>mdr1b</i> genes have been disrupted (1998)

1. We have used mice with homozygously disrupted mdr1a and mdr1b genes (mdr1a/1b (-/-) mice) to study the role of the mdr1-type P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in the elimination of cationic amphiphilic compounds from the body. These mice lack drug-transporting P-gps, but show no physiological abnormalities under laboratory conditions and have normal bile flow. 2. 3H-labelled cationic drugs were administered intravenously (i.v.) to mice as a single bolus dose and the disposition of the studied cationic drugs was investigated by focusing on drug secretion into bile, intestinal lumen and urine. 3. Hepatobiliary secretion of the investigated cationic drugs was profoundly reduced in mice devoid of the mdr1-type P-gps. In fact, the cumulative biliary output, measured during 1 h, of the small type 1 compounds tri-butylmethyl ammonium (TBuMA) and azidoprocainamide methoiodide (APM), as well as of the more bulky type 2 cationic drug vecuronium, was reduced by at least 70% in the mdrla/lb (-/-) mice compared to wild-type. 4. The intestinal secretion of TBuMA, APM and vecuronium was also profoundly reduced in mdrla/lb (-/-) mice compared to wild-type mice. The absence of the mdrl-type P-gp resulted in virtual elimination of intestinal secretion of TBuMA and APM (>90% reduced as compared to wild-type (P=0.0001 and 0.0022, respectively)). The intestinal secretion of the type 2 cation drug vecuronium was reduced by 58% (P=0.0004) compared to the wild-type mice. 5. Increased renal clearances of both the type 1 compounds TBuMA and APM and also of the type 2 cationic compound vecuronium in the mdrla/lb (-/-) mice were observed. Furthermore, the balance between hepatic, intestinal and renal clearances of small type 1 organic cations clearly shifted towards a predominant role for renal clearance. Increased renal clearance may be explained by (over)expression of additional mechanisms for renal organic cation secretion, alternatively they may also point to an as yet undefined role of P-glycoprotein in kidney physiology and renal secretory function. 6. We conclude that the elimination from the body of a broad spectrum of cationic amphiphilic drugs via liver and intestine, is largely dictated by the activity of mdrl-type P-glycoproteins.
Inversion of 3<sub>10</sub>‐helix screw sense in a (<scp>D</scp>‐αMe)Leu homotetrapeptide induced by a guest <scp>D</scp>‐(αMe)val residue (1995)

The terminally blocked tetrapeptide pBrBz-[D-(alpha Me)Leu]2-D-(alpha Me)Val-D-(alpha Me)Leu-OfBu is folded in the crystal state in a left-handed 3(10)-helical structure stabilized by two consecutive 1<--4 C = O...H-N intramolecular H-bonds, as determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. A CD study strongly supports the view that this conformation is also that largely prevailing in MeOH solution. A comparison with the published conformation of pBrBz-[D-(alpha Me)Leu]4-OfBu indicates that incorporation of a single internal beta-branched (alpha Me)Val guest residue into the host homo-tetrapeptide from the gamma-branched (alpha Me)Leu residue is responsible for a dramatic structural perturbation, i.e. an inversion of the 3(10) screw sense from right to left-handed.
Technetium Labeled Bombesin-like Peptide: Preliminary Report on Breast Cancer Uptake in Patients (2002)

Bombesin-like peptides are neurotransmitters and cancer growth factors. Several tumors, breast cancer among them, show one or more than one of the three known bombesin receptors. We have synthesized and labeled with technetium 99m a new pentadecapeptide, analogue to the leu13 amphibian bombesin (99mTc BN). Labeling yield was 83 +/- 4%. Prone Scintimammography was performed on five patients affected by breast cancers (T categorization: two T1b and three T1c), after injecting 0.7 mg, 185 to 296 MBq (5 to 8 mCi) of the peptide. Total body scan did not show free technetium biodistribution. No adverse reaction was observed. Prone Scintimammography with 99mTc Sestamibi (99mTc SM) was also performed few days later. 99mTc BN detected all 5 cancers, whereas 99mTc SM only four: all the T1c and one T1b cancer. Two of them showed axillary node invasion that was detected by both the radiotracers. A fibroadenoma present on contralateral breast to the one with cancer, was not detected neither by 99mTc SM nor by 99mTc BN. Tumor/breast normal tissue ratio (T/B) was constantly higher with 99mTc BN than with 99mTc SM. Maximal T/B was measured as 1.79 with 99mTc SM and 2.25 with 99mTc BN 5 min after fast i.v. administration. In conclusion our 99mTc BN is taken up by primary breast cancer showing higher T/B than 99mTc SM (p < 0.01). In our limited scale, 99mTc BN appears to be safe and, in our limited scale, even more accurate than 99mTc SM for detecting breast cancer.
Electrochemical Behavior of Cobalt Oxide Films Deposited at Conductive Diamond Electrodes (2003)

The oxidation of Co(II) at a boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrode was investigated by use of anodic voltammetry. The results shows that this reaction takes place by a mechanism similar to that of cobalt metal oxidation in alkaline media. The voltammetric curves evidence a strong enhancement of the oxygen evolution current in the presence of Co(II). This behavior is consistent with cobalt oxide formation at the diamond electrode surface. Based upon these results, a simple, straightforward method for the production of high activity films on BDD electrode surfaces is demonstrated. The study of the electrochemical behavior in 1 M NaOH shows that the electrodes thus obtained exhibit promising, stable electrocatalytic performance for oxygen evolution, comparing well with those of thermally deposited cobalt electrodes. The use of BDD as a substrate for the electrocatalytic layers allows the deposition of isolated particles or discontinuous films, thus maximizing the utilization of the catalyst by avoiding the need for thick films. (C) 2003 The Electrochemical Society.
Condensation Polyimides from AB-Type Amino Anhydride Monomers (1997)

Starting from α-tetralone and maleic anhydride, novel AB-type amino anhydrides 3 and 5 were synthesized in good yields and obtained in high purity without self-condensation. The tetrahydro[5]helicene monomer 3 could be readily polymerized in m-cresol to give polyimide 8 with high molecular weight. Although direct polymerization of the [5]helicene monomer 5 afforded only an insoluble oligomer, the high molecular weight [5]helicene-based polyimide 9 could be readily obtained as powders and thin films from the precursor polyimide 8 upon treatment with bromine at elevated temperatures. Young's moduli of thin films as assessed by TMA for polyimides 8 and 9 were 2.91 and 6.34 GPa at 25 °C, respectively. Random and regularly alternating copolymers of the AB monomer 5, m-phenylenediamine, and 4,4‘-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride were made and showed improved solubility over the homopolymer 9.
[Effect to demineralization and remineralization of enamel surface by fluorine]. (2012)

The fluorinated enamel can enhance cariostatic potential and remineralization capacity of dental enamel.