gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase C Epsilon Signals Ultraviolet Light-induced Cutaneous Damage and Development of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Possibly Through Induction of Specific Cytokines in a Paracrine Mechanism¶ (2005)

Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinases, is not only the major intracellular receptor for the mouse skin tumor promoter 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) but also is activated by a variety of stress factors including ultraviolet radiation (UVR). PKCepsilon is among six isoforms (alpha, delta, epsilon, eta, mu and zeta) expressed in the mouse skin. To determine the in vivo functional specificity of PKCepsilon in mouse skin carcinogenesis, we generated PKCepsilon transgenic mouse (FVB/N) lines 224 and 215 that overexpress PKCepsilon protein approximately 8- and 18-fold, respectively, over endogenous levels in the basal epidermal cells and cells of the hair follicle. PKCepsilon transgenic mice were observed to be highly sensitive to the development of papilloma-independent metastatic squamous cell carcinoma (mSCC) elicited either by repeated exposure to UVR or by the 7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene-TPA tumor promotion protocol. The development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) appears to be linked to the PKCepsilon-mediated induction of cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNFalpha). Immunohistochemical analysis for the expression of PKCepsilon in the SCC of PKCepsilon transgenic mice revealed that PKCepsilon was not expressed in the tumor itself; however, the uninvolved tissue surrounding the SCC exhibited intense PKCepsilon expression. Also, human SCC, similar to mouse SCC, did not express PKCepsilon in the tumor, whereas the surrounding uninvolved epidermis revealed strong PKCepsilon expression. These findings in both the PKCepsilon mouse model and human SCC indicate that overexpression of PKCepsilon in epidermis may lead to a microenvironment, which is suitable for enhancing the development of mSCC by a paracrine mechanism involving specific cytokines including TNFalpha.
A new and efficient approach to the synthesis of nicotine and anabasine analogues (2009)

A straightforward and practical approach was established for the synthesis of nicotine and anabasine analogues by the cyclization of mesylated 1-(3-pyridinyl)-1,4, and 1,5-diol derivatives to form the pyrrolidino or piperidino fragments. Nicotine analogue (S)-15 was prepared with good enantioselectivity using the developed azacyclization procedure of nonracemic (R)-1-pyridin-3-yl-butane-1,4-diol, which was obtained by the borane-mediated reduction of ketone 12 in the presence of the spiroborate ester derived from diphenyl prolinol and ethylene glycol.
SecureABC: Secure AntiBody Certificates for COVID-19 (2020)

COVID-19 has resulted in unprecedented social distancing policies being enforced worldwide. As governments seek to restore their economies, open workplaces and permit travel there is a demand for technologies that may alleviate the requirement for social distancing whilst also protecting healthcare services. In this work we explore the controversial technique of so-called immunity passports and present SecureABC: a decentralised, privacy-preserving protocol for issuing and verifying antibody certificates. We consider the implications of antibody certificate systems, develop a set of risk-minimising principles and a security framework for their evaluation, and show that these may be satisfied in practice. Finally, we also develop two additional protocols that minimise individual discrimination but which still allow for collective transmission risk to be estimated. We use these two protocols to illustrate the utility-privacy trade-offs of antibody certificates and their alternatives.
Computerized high-density mapping of the pulmonary veins: new insights into their electrical activation in patients with atrial fibrillation (2004)

High-density mapping of PV identifies a typical activation pattern. Multiple and discrete breakthroughs are simultaneously identified in sinus rhythm. The majority of the mapped ectopies has a multifocal pattern and proximal origin.
A framework for multiple, concurrent graphical representation (1989)

An object-oriented framework is presented that supports multiple concurrent representations of objects, including their semantics and their interrelationships with other objects. The framework is based primarily on two object classes, the building-level object class (BLOC) and the representation object class (ROC). The two classes, BLOC and ROC, along with a method for defining relationships between these classes, provide support for multiple concurrent representations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Regulation Through Deregulation: Sharing Economy Companies Gaining Legitimacy by Circumventing Traditional Frameworks (2017)

The “sharing economy” is a term describing organized economic activity that may supplant the traditional corporate-centered model and encourages peer-to-peer transactions. It is a system of sharing underused assets or services, for free or for a fee, directly from individuals, bypassing traditional “middle men.” The sharing economy provides much of its services through on-demand platform, such as mobile apps, and matches customer needs with providers to immediately deliver these goods and services. Does the “sharing economy” share its risk with its consumers? Should the sharing economy be regulated? What effect does the lack of regulation have on its consumers, and would implementation of more regulations change those effects? This Note uses home-sharing and ridesharing companies in San Francisco as case studies to explore these questions. By comparing the hotel and the taxi industries’ regulations with the emerging regulatory frameworks surrounding Airbnb and Uber, this Note argues that these companies have been left to “self-regulate.” Self-regulation has not proven to be effective, and as a result, the health and safety of consumers has been put in jeopardy. This Note argues that the regulatory regimes in place prior to the rise of the “sharing economy” should be revisited and appropriately restructured for these newly emerged business models.
Synthesis of novel 5-aryl-2-thio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles and the study of their structure–anti-mycobacterial activities (2005)

The preparation of novel 5-aryl-2-thio-1,3,4-oxadiazoles 4a-41 and the computer-aided study of their in vitro anti-tubercular activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (ATCC 27294) are reported. The average accuracy of the electronic-topological method and neural network methods applied to the activity prediction in leave-one-out cross validation is 80%.
Predicting and controlling flammability of multiple fuel and multiple inert mixtures (1992)

Abstract Le Chatelier's Rule is in wide use for predicting the flammability of mixtures with multiple fuels present. The rule does not conveniently handle multiple inerts or elevated temperatures and pressures. This paper describes an alternate method, developed at Air Products, called FLAMCHEK TM , which conveniently handles these variables. This method for predicting flammability is based upon the commonality of the adiabatic flame temperature of a wide variety of fuels at their upper and lower flammable limits. The method, if PC based, can be extended to automatically control the addition of inerts, fuels, or oxidizers in order to avoid flammable conditions. The concept may be extended to more involved applications, such as within an oil well with fuel gas mixtures containing oxygen. In this case, the location from which a gas sample is obtained for analysis (wellhead) may have a different fuel analysis and flammability condition than the location where an explosion is likely to initiate (bottom of well). Hence a correction of the fuels analysis is required.
Confinement of high-intensity bunched beams in high-power periodic permanent magnet focusing klystrons (2002)

Beam confinement in periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing klystrons, is a major concern for successful operation of these devices. In an effort to study beam dynamics and confinement for PPM focusing klystrons, we present a model for a relativistic highly bunched beam propagating through a perfectly conducting cylinder in a PPM focusing field. By imposing confinement conditions on the beam, it is shown that the effect of bunching significantly reduces the maximum effective self-field parameter well below the Brillouin density limit for unbunched beams. We compare the self-field parameters of three SLAC PPM klystron experiments, the 50 MW XL-PPM, the 75 MW XP, and the Klystrino, with the theoretical limit. Our analysis shows that these experiments are operating relatively close to the theoretical result. We will discuss the implications of these results in preventing beam losses in these devices.
Publiek-private samenwerking als instrument om duurzame energietransitie in gemeenten te stimuleren (2014)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most diagnosed cancer in men. In recent years, nuclear medicine has played an expanding role in diagnosing, staging, monitoring, and treating PCa. Specifically, the introduction of prostate-specific membrane antigen PET/computed tomography has significantly contributed to detecting locoregional and distant disease. Radioligand therapy, with its capacity to induce highly selective cytotoxic effects, is progressively being integrated into PCa therapy. The advent of novel therapeutic agents, additional indications, and a more comprehensive integration between nuclear imaging and therapy, represent the forefront of nuclear medicine in PCa.
Adsorption and decomposition of acetylene on silicon(100)-(2.times.1) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and decomposition of acetylene on silicon(100)-(2.times.1)P. A. Taylor, R. M. Wallace, C. C. Cheng, W. H. Weinberg, M. J. Dresser, W. J. Choyke, and J. T. Yates Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6754–6760Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00043a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views522Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamic window based approach to mobile robot motion control in the presence of moving obstacles (2007)

This paper presents a motion control method for mobile robots in partially unknown environments populated with moving obstacles. The proposed method is based on the integration of focused D* search algorithm and dynamic window local obstacle avoidance algorithm with some adaptations that provide efficient avoidance of moving obstacles. The moving obstacles are modelled as moving cells in the occupancy grid map and their motion is predicted by applying a procedure similar to the dynamic window approach. The collision points of the robot predicted trajectory and moving cells predicted trajectories form the new active obstacles in the environment, which should be avoided. The algorithms are implemented and verified using a Pioneer 3DX mobile robot equipped with laser range finder.
In Vivo Attenuation of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus by Disruption of a Tyrosine-Dependent Sorting Signal in the Envelope Glycoprotein Cytoplasmic Tail (2001)

Attenuated simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) have been described that produce low levels of plasma virion RNA and exhibit a reduced capacity to cause disease. These viruses are particularly useful in identifying viral determinants of pathogenesis. In the present study, we show that mutation of a highly conserved tyrosine (Tyr)-containing motif (Yxxphi) in the envelope glycoprotein (Env) cytoplasmic tail (amino acids YRPV at positions 721 to 724) can profoundly reduce the in vivo pathogenicity of SIVmac239. This domain constitutes both a potent endocytosis signal that reduces Env expression on infected cells and a sorting signal that directs Env expression to the basolateral surface of polarized cells. Rhesus macaques were inoculated with SIVmac239 control or SIVmac239 containing either a Tyr-721-to-Ile mutation (SIVmac239Y/I) or a deletion of Tyr-721 and the preceding glycine (DeltaGY). To assess the in vivo replication competence, all viruses contained a stop codon in nef that has been shown to revert during in vivo but not in vitro replication. All three control animals developed high viral loads and disease. One of two animals that received SIVmac239Y/I and two of three animals that received SIVmac239DeltaGY remained healthy for up to 140 weeks with low to undetectable plasma viral RNA levels and normal CD4(+) T-cell percentages. These animals exhibited ongoing viral replication as determined by detection of viral sequences and culturing of mutant viruses from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and persistent anti-SIV antibody titers. In one animal that received SIVmac239Y/I, the Ile reverted to a Tyr and was associated with a high plasma RNA level and disease, while one animal that received SIVmac239DeltaGY also developed a high viral load that was associated with novel and possibly compensatory mutations in the TM cytoplasmic domain. In all control and experimental animals, the nef stop codon reverted to an open reading frame within the first 2 months of inoculation, indicating that the mutant viruses had replicated well enough to repair this mutation. These findings indicate that the Yxxphi signal plays an important role in SIV pathogenesis. Moreover, because mutations in this motif may attenuate SIV through mechanisms that are distinct from those caused by mutations in nef, this Tyr-based sorting signal represents a novel target for future models of SIV and human immunodeficiency virus attenuation that could be useful in new vaccine strategies.
Effects of lipoic acid on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes (2012)

Lipoic acid (LA) is a naturally occurring compound with beneficial effects on obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate its effects on lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes and the mechanisms involved. Our results revealed that LA induced a dose- and time-dependent lipolytic action, which was reversed by pretreatment with the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125, the PKA inhibitor H89, and the AMP-activated protein kinase activator AICAR. In contrast, the PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 and the PDE3B antagonist cilostamide enhanced LA-induced lipolysis. LA treatment for 1 h did not modify total protein content of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) but significantly increased the phosphorylation of HSL at Ser(563) and at Ser(660), which was reversed by H89. LA treatment also induced a marked increase in PKA-mediated perilipin phosphorylation. LA did not significantly modify the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase or its activator comparative gene identification 58 (CGI-58) and inhibitor G(0)/G(1) switch gene 2 (G0S2). Furthermore, LA caused a significant inhibition of adipose-specific phospholipase A2 (AdPLA) protein and mRNA levels in parallel with a decrease in the amount of prostaglandin E(2) released and an increase in cAMP content. Together, these data suggest that the lipolytic actions of LA are mainly mediated by phosphorylation of HSL through cAMP-mediated activation of protein kinase A probably through the inhibition of AdPLA and prostaglandin E(2).
JOURNAL CLUB: Molecular Breast Imaging at Reduced Radiation Dose for Supplemental Screening in Mammographically Dense Breasts (2015)

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of supplemental screening molecular breast imaging (MBI) in women with mammographically dense breasts after system modifications to permit radiation dose reduction. SUBJECTS AND METHODS. A total of 1651 asymptomatic women with mammographically dense breasts on prior mammography underwent screening mammography and adjunct MBI performed with 300-MBq (99m)Tc-sestamibi and a direct-conversion (cadmium zinc telluride) gamma camera, both interpreted independently. The cancer detection rate, sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of biopsies performed (PPV3) were determined. RESULTS. In 1585 participants with a complete reference standard, 21 were diagnosed with cancer: two detected by mammography only, 14 by MBI only, three by both modalities, and two by neither. Of 14 participants with cancers detected only by MBI, 11 had invasive disease (median size, 0.9 cm; range, 0.5-4.1 cm). Nine of 11 (82%) were node negative, and two had bilateral cancers. With the addition of MBI to mammography, the overall cancer detection rate (per 1000 screened) increased from 3.2 to 12.0 (p < 0.001) (supplemental yield 8.8). The invasive cancer detection rate increased from 1.9 to 8.8 (p < 0.001) (supplemental yield 6.9), a relative increase of 363%, while the change in DCIS detection was not statistically significant (from 1.3 to 3.2, p =0.250). For mammography alone, sensitivity was 24%; specificity, 89%; and PPV3, 25%. For the combination, sensitivity was 91% (p < 0.001); specificity, 83% (p < 0.001); and PPV3, 28% (p = 0.70). The recall rate increased from 11.0% with mammography alone to 17.6% (p < 0.001) for the combination; the biopsy rate increased from 1.3% for mammography alone to 4.2% (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION. When added to screening mammography, MBI performed using a radiopharmaceutical activity acceptable for screening (effective dose 2.4 mSv) yielded a supplemental cancer detection rate of 8.8 per 1000 women with mammographically dense breasts.
Emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance: setting a parameter space (2014)

The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens is a relevant problem for human health and one of the few evolution processes amenable to experimental studies. In the present review, we discuss some basic aspects of antibiotic resistance, including mechanisms of resistance, origin of resistance genes, and bottlenecks that modulate the acquisition and spread of antibiotic resistance among human pathogens. In addition, we analyse several parameters that modulate the evolution landscape of antibiotic resistance. Learning why some resistance mechanisms emerge but do not evolve after a first burst, whereas others can spread over the entire world very rapidly, mimicking a chain reaction, is important for predicting the evolution, and relevance for human health, of a given mechanism of resistance. Because of this, we propose that the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance can only be understood in a multi-parameter space. Measuring the effect on antibiotic resistance of parameters such as contact rates, transfer rates, integration rates, replication rates, diversification rates, and selection rates, for different genes and organisms, growing under different conditions in distinct ecosystems, will allow for a better prediction of antibiotic resistance and possibilities of focused interventions.
Derivatives of 2H,3H-benzimidazo(1,2-b)oxazole. (1976)

The Authors report the synthesis and chemical properties of a number of derivatives of 2H,3H-benzimidazo(1,2-b)oxazole. These substances were prepared in order to investigate their pharmacological activity.
Fast nearest-neighbor search in dissimilarity spaces (1993)

A fast nearest-neighbor algorithm is presented. It works in general spaces in which the known cell techniques cannot be implemented for various reasons, such as the absence of coordinate structure or high dimensionality. The central idea has already appeared several times in the literature with extensive computer simulation results. An exact probabilistic analysis of this family of algorithms that proves its O(1) asymptotic average complexity measured in the number of dissimilarity calculations is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Minimum testing requirements to screen temperature dependent defects (2004)

While much progress has been made screening common defects and outliers, less emphasis has been placed on testing for performance outliers and defects across the expected operating temperature range. The subject of this paper is an analysis of the minimum testing required to screen temperature dependent outliers at wafer sort and final test. The analysis is based on data obtained from 20 wafers of a 0.18 /spl mu/m skew lot and at the two temperatures 30/spl deg/C and 85/spl deg/C. The results demonstrate a need for defect screening at multiple temperatures and the advantage of die trace in multiple temperature testing.
Silicidation of Silicon Nanowires by Platinum (2007)

The solid-state reaction between platinum and silicon nanowires grown by the vapor-liquid-solid technique was studied. The reaction product PtSi is an attractive candidate for contacts to p-type silicon nanowires due to the low barrier height of PtSi contacts to p-type Si in the planar geometry, and the formation of PtSi was the motivation for our study. Silicidation was carried out by annealing Pt on Si nanowires from 250 to 700 degrees C, and the reaction products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Strikingly different morphologies of the reacted nanowires were observed depending on the annealing temperature, platinum film thickness, silicon nanowire diameter, and level of unintentional oxygen contamination in the annealing furnace. Conversion to PtSi was successfully realized by annealing above 400 degrees C in purified N2 gas. A uniform morphology was achieved for nanowires with an appropriate combination of Si nanowire diameter and Pt film thickness to form PtSi without excess Pt or Si. Similar to the planar silicidation process, oxygen affects the nanowire silicidation process greatly.
Studies on Complement Deposits in Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita and Bullous Pemphigoid (1992)

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an inflammatory subepidermal blistering disease characterized by circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies specific for type VII collagen of the basement membrane zone. The antibodies consist of both complement- and noncomplement-binding populations and belong to all four subclasses of IgG. We investigated the presence of the membrane attack complex C3b, C5, and S protein in EBA and compared C3b and C5 in EBA and bullous pemphigoid. In 10 patients with EBA, these components were detected at the basement membrane zone as follows: membrane attack complex, 90%; S protein, 90%; direct C5, 90%; C3b, 100%; and C5 binding, 90%. In the patients with bullous pemphigoid, the results were as follows: direct C5, 58%; C3b, 33%; and C5 binding, 19%. These results provide additional evidence for complement activation at the basement membrane zone in EBA, show that complement activation in EBA proceeds to activation of terminal complement components, and suggest that EBA antibodies are more potent activators of C5 than are bullous pemphigoid antibodies.