gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haplotypes of the ApoA-I/C-III/A-IV Gene Cluster and Familial Combined Hyperlipidemia (1998)

Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL) is the most frequent familial lipoprotein disorder associated with premature coronary heart disease. However, no genetic defect(s) underlying FCHL has been identified. A linkage between FCHL and the apoA-I/C-III/A-IV gene cluster has been reported but not verified in other populations. A recent study identified FCHL susceptibility haplotypes at this gene cluster. To study whether such haplotypes are also associated with FCHL susceptibility in Finns, we studied 600 well-defined Finnish FCHL patients and their relatives belonging to 28 extended FCHL families by using haplotype, linkage, sib-pair, and linkage disequilibrium analyses. The genotypes of the MspI polymorphisms were associated with total serum cholesterol (P<0.01) and apoB (P<0.05) levels in spouses, which represent the general Finnish population. However, no evidence of direct involvement of any of these loci or their specific haplotypes in the expression of FCHL in the Finnish FCHL families was found.
Dopamine D2‐type agonists protect mesencephalic neurons from glutamate neurotoxicity: Mechanisms of neuroprotective treatment against oxidative stress (1998)

Oxidative stress, a process in which neurotoxic oxygen free radicals cause dopaminergic neuronal degeneration, has been implicated in the degenerative process in Parkinson's disease. Glutamate-induced neurotoxicity is a model of oxidative stress. We demonstrated that preincubation with D2-type dopamine agonists bromocriptine and quinpirole provides neuroprotection against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured rat mesencephalic neurons. Simultaneous administration of D2 agonists, however, did not provide neuroprotection. The protective effects were dependent on the duration of preincubation and were blocked by a D2 antagonist and a protein synthesis inhibitor. Furthermore, preincubation with D2 agonists provided neuroprotection against toxicity induced by calcium overload and exposure to superoxide anions. Confocal microscopic analysis, using 2,7-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, revealed that bromocriptine preincubation suppressed the action of radicals on neurons. These findings indicate that dopamine D2 agonists provide protection mediated not only by the inhibition of dopamine turnover but also via D2-type dopamine receptor stimulation and the subsequent synthesis of proteins that scavenge free radicals.
Phylogenetic Variation in the Silicon Composition of Plants (2005)

A high shoot Si concentration is not a general feature of monocot species. Information on the phylogenetic variation in shoot Si concentration may provide useful palaeoecological and archaeological information, and inform studies of the biogeochemical cycling of Si and those of the molecular genetics of Si uptake and transport in plants.
Organic heterostructure device with nonvolatile memory behavior using electrically doped layers (2008)

Recently, several memory devices based on organic semiconductors were reported. In most cases, single organic layers were employed, and the switching mechanisms were not fully understood. Here, we report on a novel device structure based on electrically doped organic heterostructures showing highly stable memory behavior. The organic layers are embedded between a bottom indium tin oxide and a top metal contact and form a quantum well-like structure. The device shows a hysteresis in the current-voltage characteristics and well-defined switching behavior. We achieved reproducible bistable electrical switching and stable memory phenomena in these organic multilayer heterostructure devices. The two states were retained for up to several days without noticeable decrease of their on/off ratio. Further, it was found that the ratio of the on/off current depends on the writing voltage, allowing the use as multistate memory.
Adult human spinal cord harbors neural precursor cells that generate neurons and glial cells in vitro (2008)

Adult human and rodent brains contain neural stem and progenitor cells, and the presence of neural stem cells in the adult rodent spinal cord has also been described. Here, using electron microscopy, expression of neural precursor cell markers, and cell culture, we investigated whether neural precursor cells are also present in adult human spinal cord. In well-preserved nonpathological post-mortem human adult spinal cord, nestin, Sox2, GFAP, CD15, Nkx6.1, and PSA-NCAM were found to be expressed heterogeneously by cells located around the central canal. Ultrastructural analysis revealed the existence of immature cells close to the ependymal cells, which display characteristics of type B and C cells found in the adult rodent brain subventricular region, which are considered to be stem and progenitor cells, respectively. Completely dissociated spinal cord cells reproducibly formed Sox2(+) nestin(+) neurospheres containing proliferative precursor cells. On differentiation, these generate glial cells and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic neurons. These results provide the first evidence for the existence in the adult human spinal cord of neural precursors with the potential to differentiate into neurons and glia. They represent a major interest for endogenous regeneration of spinal cord after trauma and in degenerative diseases.
Advances in Molecular Diagnosis of HBV Infection and Drug Resistance (2005)

Serological markers are key elements in diagnosing acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and determining its possible evolution towards chronicity. Once treatment of chronic HBV is initiated with approved anti-hepadnaviral agents, such as lamivudine, interferon-alpha, or adefovir dipivoxil, the measurement of HBV DNA in serum can not only help monitor treatment efficacy but also indicates breakthrough infection should drug resistance emerge. Advances in the molecular diagnosis of drug resistance using highly sensitive methodologies such as DNA hybridization assays can further pinpoint the type of mutation responsible and, more importantly, detect upcoming viral resistance at an early stage when the variant represents only a minor fraction of the total viral population. Such new tools are especially relevant for patients at high risk for disease progression or acute exacerbation. Recent diagnostic developments including HBV genotyping and precore/core promoter assays that could well play important future roles in HBV patient management are also reviewed.
Crystalline cobalt, zinc, manganese, and iron alkoxides of glycerol (1970)

A series of crystalline metal glycerolato complexes has been prepared. The preparation of the cobalt, zinc, manganese, and iron complexes [(1 )-(4)] was achieved by heating (above 110º) glycerol with metal acetates, carbonates, oxalates, oxides, or hydroxides. The structure of (1) has been determined by X-rays and contains Co-O-Co-O and Co-O-C-C-O rings. X-ray powder diffraction and i.r. data are given for (1)-(4). These show (1) and (2) to be isostructural and that (3) and (4) are variants of these. The insolubility of (I), (2), (3), and (4) is in accord with their polymeric nature.
Efficacy of bovine herpesvirus-1 inactivated vaccine against abortion and stillbirth in pregnant heifers (2007)

Results indicated that an inactivated BHV-1 vaccine can protect against abortion resulting from a substantial challenge infection, with efficacy similar to that of modified-live BHV-1 vaccines.
Effect of Mg2+ ions co-doping on timing performance and radiation tolerance of Cerium doped Gd3Al2Ga3O12 crystals (2016)

Inorganic scintillators with high density and high light yield are of major interest for applications in medical imaging and high energy physics detectors. In this work, the optical and scintillation properties of Mg co-doped Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 crystals, grown using Czochralski technique, have been investigated and compared with Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 ones prepared with identical technology. Improvements in the timing performance of the Mg co-doped samples with respect to Ce:Gd3Al2Ga3O12 ones have been measured, namely a substantial shortening of the rise time and scintillation decay components and lower afterglow were achieved. In particular, a significantly better coincidence time resolution of 233 ps FWHM, being a fundamental parameter for TOF-PET devices, has been observed in Mg co-doped crystals. The samples have also shown a good radiation tolerance under high doses of γ-rays, making them suitable candidates for applications in harsh radiation environments, such as detectors at future collider experiments.
Does rheumatoid arthritis equal diabetes mellitus as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease? A prospective study (2009)

The risk of CVD in RA was significantly elevated compared with the general population, and comparable with the magnitude of risk in type 2 DM.
Foam columns for countercurrent surface—liquid extraction of surface‐active solutes (1965)

Abstract The foam separation process uses differences in surface activity to separate components of a solution. Stable foams can flow upward countercurrent to liquid to give countercurrent differential separations with stripping, enrichment, or scrubbing similar to solvent extraction. Six‐ and 24‐in. I.D. foam columns were operated with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate solutions to measure height of transfer unit (HTU) values and foam densities and to develop satisfactory gas spargers, liquid feed distributors, foam drainage conditions, and foam condensation equipment. The HTU values for stripping of Sr‐89 were about 1 cm. for the best conditions of uniform foams, liquid flows of 100 gal./sq.ft.hr. or less, and uniform liquid feed distribution with low inlet velocities. Variations of countercurrent column lengths within 10 to 28 cm. caused little variation in HTU values. The foams were condensed, with four types of pneumatic or mechanical foam breakers used. A pilot plant was designed for decontamination of a low level radioactive waste.
Predicting Freeway Crashes from Loop Detector Data by Matched Case-Control Logistic Regression (2004)

Growing concern over traffic safety has led to research into prediction of freeway crashes in an advanced traffic management and information systems environment. A crash likelihood prediction model was developed by using real-time traffic flow variables (measured through a series of underground sensors) potentially associated with crash occurrence. The issues related to real-time application, including range of stations and time slice duration to be examined, were also addressed. The methodology used, matched case-control logistic regression, was adopted from epidemiological studies in which every crash is a case and corresponding noncrashes act as controls. The 5-min average occupancy observed at the upstream station during the 5 to 10 min before the crash, along with the 5-min coefficient of variation in speed at the downstream station during the same time, was found to affect crash occurrence most significantly and hence was used to calculate the corresponding log-odds ratio. A threshold value for this ratio may then be set to determine whether the location must be flagged as a potential crash location. It was shown that by using 1.0 as the threshold for the log-odds ratio, more than 69% crash identification was achieved.
Optimizing VHDL compilation for parallel simulation (1992)

Auriga, an experimental simulator that utilizes five compilation techniques to reduce runtime complexity and promote concurrency in the simulation of VHDL models is described. Auriga is designed to translate a model using any VHDL construct into an optimized, parallel simulation. Auriga's distributed simulation uses a message-passing network to simulate a single VHDL model. The authors present results obtained with seven benchmark models to illustrate the compiler's aggressive optimization techniques: temporal analysis, waveform propagation, input desensitization, concurrent evaluation, and statement compaction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insights on Charge Transfer Doping and Intrinsic Phonon Line Shape of Carbon Nanotubes by Simple Polymer Adsorption (2006)

Doping of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes via noncovalent adsorption of polyethylenimine which converts p-type semiconducting nanotubes into n-type is examined by micro-Raman studies. Distinctively different responses are observed in metallic and in semiconducting nanotubes. Very little or no changes in the radial breathing and the disorder modes are observed upon polymer adsorption on semiconducting carbon nanotubes indicating noncovalent nature of this process. Tangential G-band spectral downshift of up to approximately 10 cm(-)(1) without line broadening is observed for semiconducting tubes suggesting similar magnitude of electron transfer as commonly observed in electrochemical doping with alkali metals. Strong diameter dependence is also observed and can be explained by thermal ionization of charge carriers with activation barrier that scales as the energy gap of the semiconducting nanotubes. In contrast, metallic nanotubes exhibit very different behavior with significant line broadening of the G-band and concurrent enhancement of the disorder mode. In certain cases, initially symmetric Lorentzian line shapes of the G-band features with narrow line widths similar to semiconducting tubes are converted to a broad, asymmetric Breit-Wigner-Fano line shape. Implications on the effects of electron injection and the local chemical environment on the intrinsic line shape of isolated carbon nanotubes are discussed.
Simulation of Enhanced Meshes with MASC, a MSIMD Model (1999)

Abstract: MASC (for Multiple Associative Computing) is a joint control parallel, data parallel model that provides a practical, highly scalable model that naturally supports small to massive parallelism and a wide range of applications. In this paper, we present efficient algorithms for a MASC model with a 2-D mesh to simulate enhanced meshes. Let MASC(n, j) denote a MASC model with n processing elements and j instruction streams. It is shown that a MASC(n, j) model with a 2-D mesh is strictly more powerful than a n × n MMB (Mesh with Multiple Broadcasting) when j =Ω ( n). Simulation of a n × n MMB by MASC(n, j) with a 2-D mesh runs in O(1) time and requires no extra memory. Simulating a n × n BRM (Basic Reconfigurable Mesh) with MASC(n, j) with a 2-D mesh takes O ( n) extra time with O(n) extra memory when j = Ω ( n). The reverse simulations of MMB or BRM with MASC with a 2-D mesh is also given. These simulations not only provide information about the power of the MASC model and also provide an automatic conversion of numerous algorithms designed for enhanced meshes to the MASC model. Key Words: parallel models of computation, associative computing, simulation, mesh with multiple broadcasting, enhanced meshes, MSIMD 1.
Practical Enantioselective Synthesis of β‐Lactones Catalyzed by Aluminum Bissulfonamide Complexes (2007)

Abstract The development of an efficient and practical aluminum‐bissulfonamide complex catalyzed enantioselective formation of β‐lactones by [2+2] cycloaddition of ketene (generated in situ from acetyl bromide by dehydrobromination) with various α‐unbranched and ‐branched aliphatic aldehydes is presented. The methodology offers the advantage of operational simplicity not only as the ligand synthesis requires just a single sulfonylation step from commercially available enantiomerically pure diamines. The products are formed in high to excellent yields with ee values typically ranging from 78 to 90 % using 10 mol % of the bissulfonamide ligand. The key finding of this work was a remarkable rate acceleration by using an aluminum/ligand ratio of 1.5:1.
Multi‐parameter flow cytometric analysis with detection of the Ki67‐Ag in paraffin embedded mammary carcinomas (1997)

In the present study we describe a novel multiparameter flow cytometric (FCM) assay to estimate the fraction of cycling cells in epithelial tumors derived from fresh frozen as well as archival material.To this end, MCF-7 cells as well as a series of breast carcinomas (n 5 10; fresh frozen as well as formalin fixed and paraffin embedded) were stained using a panel of different antibodies directed against the Ki67-Ag (DAKO/PC, MIB-1, Ki-S5, and poly-Ki67) for a 3-parameter cytokeratin/Ki67-Ag/DNA FCM analysis.Whereas all Ki67-Ag antibodies work equally well in the methanol fixed cell line, MIB-1 and Ki-S5 epitopes are retained in cell suspensions mechanically derived from fresh frozen tissue.Only antibody Ki-S5 shows specific nucleolar staining patterns in cell suspensions prepared by trypsin digestion of formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissue sections.A good correlation was found between the fractions of Ki67-Ag-positive epithelial cells measured in cell suspensions derived from fresh frozen and the corresponding formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tumor samples.Furthermore, the fraction of Ki67-Ag-positive epithelial cells as determined by 3-parameter FCM correlated very well with the Ki67-Ag-labeling index in paraffin embedded tissue sections.
Nanotoxicology of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2015)

This review discusses recent advances in the synthesis, characterization and toxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles obtained mainly through biogenic (green) processes. The in vitro and in vivo toxicities of these oxides are discussed including a consideration of the factors important for safe use of these nanomaterials. The toxicities of different metal oxide nanoparticles are compared. The importance of biogenic synthesized metal oxide nanoparticles has been increasing in recent years; however, more studies aimed at better characterizing the potent toxicity of these nanoparticles are still necessary for nanosafely considerations and environmental perspectives. In this context, this review aims to inspire new research in the design of green approaches to obtain metal oxide nanoparticles for biomedical and technological applications and to highlight the critical need to fully investigate the nanotoxicity of these particles.
Localization of the <i>EPM1</i> gene for progressive myoclonus epilepsy on chromosome 21: linkage disequilibrium allows high resolution mapping (1993)

The gene for Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) has previously been mapped by linkage to markers on chromosome 21q22.3. By analyzing crossover events in multiplex disease families with newly detected markers from the region we were able to narrow the localization of EPM1 to an interval of approximately 7 cM, between loci D21S212 and CD18. To further refine the localization of the EPM1 gene we applied linkage disequilibrium mapping in 38 Finnish families, consisting of 12 with multiple affected children and 26 with a single affected child. Based on existing knowledge about the structure and history of the isolated Finnish population, we estimated genetic distances based on strong linkage disequilibrium to several marker loci and found that EPM1 resides within 0.3 cM or less of loci PFKL, D21S25 and D21S154. As this genetic distance translates into a likely physical distance of 300 kb or less, these data provide a basis for highly focused attempts to clone EPM1.
Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of New Dinuclear Complexes of Lanthanide(<scp>III</scp>) Ions (2004)

Abstract As a result of coordination of the ligand L , containing two tridentate binding units, to samarium( III ), europium( III ), terbium( III ), and dysprosium( III ) ions, new dinuclear architectures containing two ions with coordination number 9 were formed. The structures of the complexes have been assigned on the basis of their solution spectroscopic and microanalytical data, and confirmed by X‐ray crystallography in the case of the europium( III ) complex 2 . The structural analysis of the dinuclear complex 2 showed the presence of two europium centers [Eu(1) and Eu(2)] and four ligands L . Each europium ion is coordinated by 9 donor atoms with typical Eu−N and Eu−O distances. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Security Analysis of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs): A Comprehensive Study (2016)

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) is a technology that has been recently emerged, and brings a lot of research interests.Security is one of the important issues in VANET, it is considered a critical point in the development of robust VANET applications.In this paper, various dimensions of VANETs including its emerging applications, security issues, challenges, security threats and the existing solutions proposed by the different researchers are studied.Also author reviewed various type of VANET simulator available and presented possible key research area of VANETs.
Backpropagation for energy-efficient neuromorphic computing (2015)

Solving real world problems with embedded neural networks requires both training algorithms that achieve high performance and compatible hardware that runs in real time while remaining energy efficient. For the former, deep learning using backpropagation has recently achieved a string of successes across many domains and datasets. For the latter, neuromorphic chips that run spiking neural networks have recently achieved unprecedented energy efficiency. To bring these two advances together, we must first resolve the incompatibility between backpropagation, which uses continuous-output neurons and synaptic weights, and neuromorphic designs, which employ spiking neurons and discrete synapses. Our approach is to treat spikes and discrete synapses as continuous probabilities, which allows training the network using standard backpropagation. The trained network naturally maps to neuromorphic hardware by sampling the probabilities to create one or more networks, which are merged using ensemble averaging. To demonstrate, we trained a sparsely connected network that runs on the TrueNorth chip using the MNIST dataset. With a high performance network (ensemble of 64), we achieve 99.42% accuracy at 108 μJ per image, and with a high efficiency network (ensemble of 1) we achieve 92.7% accuracy at 0.268 μJ per image.
Homochiral and heterochiral assembly preferences at different length scales – conglomerates and racemates in the same assemblies (2013)

Length scale dependent formation of conglomerates and racemic compounds has been observed in self-assembled hierarchical supramolecular architectures based on oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-phenylglycinamide at the liquid-solid interface and in solution.