gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory models of sea straits (1977)

Two basins maintained at different densities are connected by a relatively shallow strait. If the strait is short, the flow is such that the Froude number is unity. The thickness of the intermediate layer, between the outflow and the inflow, is controlled by the requirement that the Richardson number be critical; this thickness is always about one-fifth of the total depth, both in these experiments and in the Strait of Gibraltar. If the strait is long, the Froude number is less than unity in the interior but increases to unity at each end. A strait may be considered short when its length is less than a few hundred times the sill depth.
The Virtual Web-Based Supply Chain (2011)

The virtual Web-based supply chain is emerging as a new form of industrial organization. This paper discusses the concept as a juncture of three forces: the virtual organization, Web-based communication and the application service provider (ASP). The virtual organization is a familiar concept in many industries, even without electronic connections. Web-based communication provides access and networks with new institutions. The ASP makes rapid change and flexible connections feasible. Together they establish focus, flexibility and rapid response to change in demand and customer requirements. Casting it in a strategic framework of structure, process and organization provides a basis for projecting its future.
Changes in Alkaline Hydrolyzable Nitrogen Distribution with Soil Depth: Fertilizer Correlation and Calibration Implications (2009)

Alkaline hydrolyzable N (AHN) quantified by the Illinois Soil N Test (ISNT) or direct steam distillation (DSD) may index potentially mineralizable N in the soil. Limited success has been achieved utilizing the ISNT to predict corn ( Zea mays L.) yield response when soils are sampled to a depth of 30 cm, and a strong correlation of ISNT to total N (TN) has raised concerns about the sensitivity of the method in determining potentially mineralizable N. A study was implemented to determine the effects of site and soil depth on AHN. Soil samples were collected from 0 to 60 cm in 15‐cm depth increments and analyzed for AHN (by ISNT and DSD) and TN. Analyses of variance for AHN and TN each showed a significant site × soil depth interaction. Alkaline hydrolyzable N ranged from 22 to 280 mg N kg −1 soil and the highest values were not always in the top 15 cm of the soil. Total N ranged from 191 to 1542 mg N kg −1 soil and the highest values were always in the top 15 cm. Soil TN from the 15‐ to 60‐cm depths was generally uniform among 15‐cm increments within each soil, but AHN was not. Alkaline hydrolyzable N accounted for 11 to 38% of soil TN and was variable across sites and depths. Variation in AHN and the fraction of TN quantified as AHN with site and soil depth indicates the importance of proper sampling depth (i.e., to the rooting depth of a given crop) for correlation and calibration of crop response using either the ISNT or DSD. Significant changes in AHN with depth could influence crop‐available N and thus the reliability of a soil test to predict crop response to N fertilization.
Activation of Natural Killer Cells by Newcastle Disease Virus Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase (2009)

The avian paramyxovirus Newcastle disease virus (NDV) selectively replicates in tumor cells and is known to stimulate T-cell-, macrophage-, and NK cell-mediated responses. The mechanisms of NK cell activation by NDV are poorly understood so far. We studied the expression of ligand structures for activating NK cell receptors on NDV-infected tumor cells. Upon infection with the nonlytic NDV strain Ulster and the lytic strain MTH-68/H, human carcinoma and melanoma cells showed enhanced expression of ligands for the natural cytotoxicity receptors NKp44 and NKp46, but not NKp30. Ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D were partially downregulated. Soluble NKp44-Fc and NKp46-Fc, but not NKp30-Fc, chimeric proteins bound specifically to NDV-infected tumor cells and to NDV particle-coated plates. Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of the virus serves as a ligand structure for NKp44 and NKp46, as indicated by the blockade of binding to NDV-infected cells and viral particles in the presence of anti-HN antibodies and by binding to cells transfected with HN cDNA. Consistent with the recognition of sialic acid moieties by the viral lectin HN, the binding of NKp44-Fc and NKp46-Fc was lost after desialylation. NKp44- and NKp46-CD3zeta lacZ-inducible reporter cells were activated by NDV-infected cells. NDV-infected tumor cells stimulated NK cells to produce increased amounts of the effector lymphokines gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Primary NK cells and the NK line NK-92 lysed NDV-infected tumor cells with enhanced efficiency, an effect that was eliminated by the treatment of target cells with the neuraminidase inhibitor Neu5Ac2en. These results suggest that direct activation of NK cells contributes to the antitumor effects of NDV.
ON THE USE OF MOVING SCATTERERS IN CONVENTIONAL HOLOGRAPHY (1966)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. J. De Bitetto; ON THE USE OF MOVING SCATTERERS IN CONVENTIONAL HOLOGRAPHY. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 February 1966; 8 (4): 78–80. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754495 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Estimation of effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of observed moisture plume (2004)

Knowledge of unsaturated zone hydraulic properties is critical for many environmental and engineering applications. Various stochastic methods have been developed during the past two decades to estimate the effective unsaturated hydraulic properties. Independent of these stochastic methods, we develop in this paper a practical approach to estimate the three-dimensional (3 -D) effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of 3-D snapshots of a moisture plume under transient flow conditions. approach hydraulic hydraulic Application of the new to a field site in southeastern Washington State yields an effective unsaturated conductivity tensor that exhibits moisture- dependent anisotropy. The effective conductivities compare well with laboratory- measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data from small core samples; they also reproduce the general behavior of the observed moisture plume at the site. We also define a moisture diffusivity length concept which we use in conjunction with estimated correlation scales of the geological media at the field site to explain deviations between the observed and simulated plumes based on the derived effective hydraulic properties.
Molecular Therapeutic Targets in Inflammation: Cyclooxygenase and NF-&#954;B (2004)

Inflammation is the host response to infection and injury. Inflammatory cells respond to foreign substances and inflammatory stimulus by producing bioactive mediators such as prostanoids, cytokines and chemokines. These mediators have complex, pleiotropic effects and interact with many cell types to amplify the inflammatory response. Dysregulation of these processes can lead to acute and chronic inflammatory diseases and pharmacological intervention is necessary to attenuate cellular inflammation pathways. Cyclooxygenase-2, the key inducible enzyme responsible for producing prostanoids, and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation pathway, which regulates the transcription of inflammatory genes, represent attractive targets for developing anti-inflammatory therapeutics, as both pathways are activated by diverse inflammatory stimuli. This article reviews recent advances in anti-inflammatory drug development in both of these areas. Selective inhibitors of inflammation including cyclooxygenase inhibitors, antibodies against inflammatory cytokines, cytokine receptor antagonist, antibodies against adhesion molecules and therapeutics directed against the NF-kappaB activation pathway will be discussed.
Robust voice activity detection using higher-order statistics in the LPC residual domain (2001)

This paper presents a robust algorithm for voice activity detection (VAD) based on newly established properties of the higher order statistics (HOS) of speech. Analytical expressions for the third and fourth-order cumulants of the LPC residual of short-term speech are derived assuming a sinusoidal model. The flat spectral feature of this residual results in distinct characteristics for these cumulants in terms of phase, periodicity and harmonic content and yields closed-form expressions for the skewness and kurtosis. Important properties about these cumulants and their similarity with the autocorrelation function are revealed from this exploratory part. They show that the HOS of speech are sufficiently distinct from those of Gaussian noise and can be used as a basis for speech detection. Their immunity to Gaussian noise makes them particularly useful in algorithms designed for low SNR environments. The proposed VAD algorithm combines HOS metrics with second-order measures, such as SNR and LPC prediction error, to classify speech and noise frames. The variance of the HOS estimators is quantified and used to yield a likelihood measure for noise frames. Moreover, a voicing condition for speech frames is derived based on the relation between the skewness and kurtosis of voiced speech. The performance of the algorithm is compared to the ITU-T G.729B VAD in various noise conditions, and quantified using the probability of correct and false classifications. The results show that the proposed algorithm has an overall better performance than G.729B, with noticeable improvement in Gaussian-like noises, such as street and parking garage, and moderate to low SNR.
Number of oligodendrocyte progenitors recruited to the lesioned spinal cord is modulated by the levels of the cell cycle regulatory protein p27Kip‐1 (2004)

Remyelination is a critical step for recovery of function after demyelination and defines the ability to generate new myelin. This repair process is dependent on the presence of resident oligodendrocyte progenitors (OLPs) that have been shown to remyelinate axons after demyelination. We have previously shown that the levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip-1 modulate the number of neonatal cortical OLPs. We now asked whether this cell cycle molecule plays also a role in regulating the number of adult OLP in the spinal cord after demyelination induced by lysolecithin injection. The proliferative response of OLP in the spinal cord of injected wild-type (wt) and p27Kip-1 null mice was evaluated 3 days after lesion. In vivo labeling with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to identify cells in S phase. Double immunofluorescence for the OLP marker NG2, and for BrdU was used to count the number of proliferating progenitors. Consistent with a role of p27Kip-1 in regulating the number of adult OLP in the injured spinal cord, a larger number of proliferating OLPs was observed in p27Kip-1null mice compared with wild-type controls. These cells were able to differentiate as assessed by the presence of MBP+ cells in the spinal cord 14 days after injury. We conclude that the cellular levels of the cell cycle inhibitor p27Kip-1 modulate the repair response of OLPs to injury in the adult spinal cord.
Interaction of Fibrin(ogen) with the Endothelial Cell Receptor VE-Cadherin:  Mapping of the Receptor-Binding Site in the NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Portions of the Fibrin β Chains (2002)

Interaction of fibrin with endothelial cells stimulates capillary tube formation thus promoting angiogenesis. This interaction occurs via endothelial cell receptor VE-cadherin and fibrin beta chain 15-42 regions [Bach, T. L., et al. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 30719-30728]. To clarify the mechanism of this interaction, we expressed in Escherichia coli a number of recombinant fibrin(ogen) fragments containing the beta15-42 region or the VE-cad(1-2) and VE-cad(1-4) fragments encompassing two and four extracellular NH2-terminal domains of VE-cadherin, respectively, and tested interaction between them by surface plasmon resonance and ELISA. Neither the recombinant Bbeta1-57 or Bbeta1-64 fragments, nor beta15-57 or beta15-64 prepared from the latter fragments by thrombin treatment to remove fibrinopeptides B, bound the recombinant VE-cadherin fragments. At the same time, a dimeric recombinant thrombin-treated (beta15-66)2 fragment, which had been disulfide-linked via Cys65 to mimic the dimeric arrangement of the beta chains in fibrin, bound VE-cad(1-4) well, but not VE-cad(1-2); no binding was observed with the untreated (Bbeta1-66)2 dimer. We next mutated several residues in the dimer, His16, Arg17, Pro18, and Asp20, and tested the interaction of the thrombin-treated mutants with VE-cad(1-4) by ligand blotting and surface plasmon resonance. No binding was observed with the H16A and R17Q single mutants and the H16P, P18V double mutant while the P18A and D20N single mutants bound VE-cad(1-4) with the same affinity as the thrombin-treated wild-type dimer. These results indicate that the VE-cadherin binding site in fibrin includes NH2-terminal regions of both fibrin beta-chains, that His16 and Arg17 are critical for the binding, and that the third and/or fourth extracellular domains of VE-cadherin are required for the binding to occur.
Dissociated Linkage of Cytokine-Inducing Activity and Cytotoxicity to Different Domains of Listeriolysin O from <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> (2002)

Listeriolysin O (LLO), a cholesterol-binding cytolysin of Listeria monocytogenes, exhibits cytokine-inducing and cytolytic activities. Because the cytolytic activity was abolished by cholesterol treatment but the cytokine-inducing activity was not, these activities appeared to be linked to different domains of the LLO molecule. In this study, we constructed recombinant full-length LLO (rLLO529) and various truncated derivatives and examined their cytolytic, cholesterol-binding, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducing activities. rLLO529 exhibited both IFN-gamma-inducing and cytolytic activities. Four truncated rLLOs possessing different C termini, which did not exert either cytolytic or cholesterol-binding activity, stimulated IFN-gamma production in normal spleen cells. However, a truncated rLLO corresponding to domain 4 (rLLO416-529) did not exhibit IFN-gamma-inducing activity, whereas it did bind to immobilized cholesterol. In addition, though the hemolysis induced by rLLO529 was inhibited by rLLO416-529, such inhibition was not detected upon rLLO529-induced IFN-gamma production. These data indicated that domain 4 was responsible for binding of LLO to membrane cholesterol followed by oligomerization and pore formation by the entire LLO molecule. In contrast, the other part of LLO, corresponding to domain 1-3, was essential for IFN-gamma-inducing activity. These findings implied a novel aspect of the function of LLO as a bacterial modulin.
Two-Component System Cross-Regulation Integrates Bacillus anthracis Response to Heme and Cell Envelope Stress (2014)

Two-component signaling systems (TCSs) are one of the mechanisms that bacteria employ to sense and adapt to changes in the environment. A prototypical TCS functions as a phosphorelay from a membrane-bound sensor histidine kinase (HK) to a cytoplasmic response regulator (RR) that controls target gene expression. Despite significant homology in the signaling domains of HKs and RRs, TCSs are thought to typically function as linear systems with little to no cross-talk between non-cognate HK-RR pairs. Here we have identified several cell envelope acting compounds that stimulate a previously uncharacterized Bacillus anthracis TCS. Furthermore, this TCS cross-signals with the heme sensing TCS HssRS; therefore, we have named it HssRS interfacing TCS (HitRS). HssRS reciprocates cross-talk to HitRS, suggesting a link between heme toxicity and cell envelope stress. The signaling between HssRS and HitRS occurs in the parental B. anthracis strain; therefore, we classify HssRS-HitRS interactions as cross-regulation. Cross-talk between HssRS and HitRS occurs at both HK-RR and post-RR signaling junctions. Finally, HitRS also regulates a previously unstudied ABC transporter implicating this transporter in the response to cell envelope stress. This chemical biology approach to probing TCS signaling provides a new model for understanding how bacterial signaling networks are integrated to enable adaptation to complex environments such as those encountered during colonization of the vertebrate host.
Regulation of Cdc28 Cyclin-Dependent Protein Kinase Activity during the Cell Cycle of the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

The cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) encoded by CDC28 is the master regulator of cell division in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By mechanisms that, for the most part, remain to be delineated, Cdc28 activity controls the timing of mitotic commitment, bud initiation, DNA replication, spindle formation, and chromosome separation. Environmental stimuli and progress through the cell cycle are monitored through checkpoint mechanisms that influence Cdc28 activity at key cell cycle stages. A vast body of information concerning how Cdc28 activity is timed and coordinated with various mitotic events has accrued. This article reviews that literature. Following an introduction to the properties of CDKs common to many eukaryotic species, the key influences on Cdc28 activity-cyclin-CKI binding and phosphorylation-dephosphorylation events-are examined. The processes controlling the abundance and activity of key Cdc28 regulators, especially transcriptional and proteolytic mechanisms, are then discussed in detail. Finally, the mechanisms by which environmental stimuli influence Cdc28 activity are summarized.
Liquid Crystal Matrix Display (1973)

It is shown that the electric-field-induced cholesteric-nematic phase transition of mixed liquid crystal possesses two important properties; (i) a sharp threshold in the scattering-vs.-voltage characteristic and (ii) an electrically controllable relaxation time. The mixed liquid crystal is composed of p-n-butoxybenzylidene-p'-cyanoaniline, p-n-octoxybenzylidene-p'-cyanoaniline, p-methoxybenzylidene-p'-n-butylaniline, and cholesteryl oleyl carbonate. A matrix panel with 3,500 display elements is constructed by using the mixed liquid crystal. When the matrix panel is scanned by a line-at-a-time addressing, the contrast of displayed characters is about 15: 1.
Phase uncertainty in calibrating microwave test fixtures (1999)

The problem of phase uncertainty arising in calibration of the test fixtures is investigated in this paper. It is shown that the problem exists no matter what kinds of calibration standards are used. It is also found that there is no need to determine the individual S-parameters of the test fixtures. In order to eliminate the problem of phase uncertainty, three different precise (known) reflection standards or one known reflection standard plus one known transmission standard should be used to calibrate symmetrical test fixtures. For the asymmetrical cases, three known standards, including at least one transmission standard, should be used. The thru-open-match (TOM) and thru-short-match (TSM) techniques are the simplest methods, and they have no bandwidth limitation. When the standards are imprecise (unknown), it is recommended to use any suitable technique, such as the thru-reflect-line, line-reflect-line, thru-short-delay, thru-open-delay, line-reflect-match, line-reflect-reflect-match, or multiline methods, to accurately determine the values of the required calibration terms and, in addition, to use the TOM or TSM method with the same imprecise standards to resolve the phase uncertainty.
Clothoid-Augmented Trajectories for Perspective Flight-Path Displays (2007)

Abstract Perspective flight-path displays allow pilots to accurately follow complex curved approach trajectories. The current practice to define the tunnel reference trajectory as a concatenation of straight and circular segments, however, leads to difficult transition maneuvers between these segments, strongly contributing to pilot workload. To achieve a smooth interception, clothoid transition paths can be inserted between the straight and circular sections. A clothoid function defines a trajectory curvature that changes from 0 (a straight trajectory) to the desired curvature (the circular trajectory) in a certain amount of space traveled. Because the reference path better matches the natural aircraft response, the clothoid transients are hypothesized to make the task of flying complex curved approaches easier. A pilot-in-the-loop experiment, conducted in a fixed-base flight simulator, confirms this hypothesis and shows that clothoid-augmented trajectories yield improved path-following performance, require fewer pilot control actions, and result in higher comfort levels.
High-Pass Negative Group Delay RC-Network Impedance (2016)

This brief describes a synthesis of high-pass negative group delay (NGD) network impedance. The fundamental expression of the high-pass NGD canonical transfer function is established. Based on the circuit impedance equivalent principle, the high-pass NGD first-order network that is constituted by RC lumped elements is identified. The identified topology basic NGD characteristics are formulated and analyzed. Then, the associated synthesis method in function of the desired NGD optimal level and cutoff frequency is established. The theory is validated by design, simulations, and measurements of proof-of-concept prototypes. A good agreement between the theoretical prediction and experimental results showing high-pass NGD response from 1 MHz with minimal level of about -10 ns is observed. The high-pass NGD function operates at high frequencies with first-order circuit.
The Preparation and Preservation of Human Plasma: II. Drawing Off, Pooling and Distribution of Plasma (1941)

Journal Article The Preparation and Preservation of Human Plasma: II. Drawing Off, Pooling and Distribution of Plasma Get access Max M. Strumia, Max M. Strumia From The Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of the Bryn Mawr Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar John J. McGraw John J. McGraw From The Laboratory of Clinical Pathology of the Bryn Mawr Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 11, Issue 4, 1 April 1941, Pages 288–306, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/11.4.288 Published: 01 April 1941 Article history Received: 20 February 1941 Published: 01 April 1941