gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Renoprotective Effects of Blockade of Angiotensin II AT1 Receptors in an Animal Model of Type 2 Diabetes (2002)

To evaluate the efficacy of angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) for use in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of olmesartan medoxomil (olmesartan), an angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) specific ARB, on the progression of nephropathy in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats, an animal model of type 2 diabetes. We used 2 doses of olmesartan, a sub-antihypertensive dose and an antihypertensive dose, to specifically examine whether the drug exerts beneficial effects on the kidney without lowering blood pressure. Olmesartan mixed in the diet at a concentration of 0.001% (approximately 0.6 mg/kg/day) or 0.01% (approximately 6 mg/kg/day) was administered for 19 weeks starting from 12 weeks of age, when the animals developed microalbuminuria. Lean non-diabetic rats served as controls. ZDF rats had hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and moderate hypertension as compared to lean control rats. Plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were not affected by olmesartan, and blood pressure was lowered only by the high dose of olmesartan. Progressive proteinuria in ZDF rats was greatly (about 70%) suppressed by the high dose of olmesartan and moderately (about 30%) suppressed by the low dose that did not significantly lower blood pressure. ZDF rats exhibited hyperlipidemia and hypoalbuminemia, both of which were substantially corrected by treatment with olmesartan. The histological evidence of glomerular and tubular damage in the ZDF rats was also reduced by the drug. These results indicate that AT1 receptor blockade with olmesartan retards the progression of nephropathy associated with type 2 diabetes without affecting glucose metabolism, and that this renal protective effect is at least partly independent of the antihypertensive effect of the drug.
Theory of a Solid State Plasma Waveguide in a Transverse Magnetic Field (1964)

Electromagnetic wave propagation through a surface plated n (or p )-type semiconductor in a transverse magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Two types of waves exist. One is a TE-wave which has a strong spatial asymmetry dependent on both the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field. The other wave has a longitudinal component of the electric field and reduces, in the low frequency limit, to a helicon wave standing in the direction of the magnetic field and traveling in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field. The theory is in good agreement with the experimental results of Toda.
Myeloid C3 Determines Induction of Humoral Responses to Peripheral Herpes Simplex Virus Infection (2003)

The complement system, in addition to its role in innate immunity, is an important regulator of the B cell response. Complement exists predominantly in the circulation and although the primary source is hepatic, multiple additional cellular sources have been described that can contribute substantially to the complement pool. To date, however, complement produced by these secondary sources has been deemed redundant to that secreted by the liver. In contrast, using a bone marrow chimeric model, we observed that C3 synthesis by myeloid cells, a relatively minor source of complement, provided a critical function during the induction of humoral responses to peripheral HSV infection. Anti-viral Ab, as generated in an efficient humoral response, has been associated with protection from severe consequences of HSV dissemination. This report offers insight into the generation of the adaptive immune response in the periphery and describes a unique role for a nonhepatic complement source.
Pyroglutamic acid improves the age associated memory impairment (1990)

Pyroglutamic acid (PCA) was compared with placebo in a randomized, double blind trial for assessing its efficacy in treating memory deficits in 40 aged subjects. Twenty subjects were treated with PCA and 20 with placebo over a period of 60 d. Memory functions were evaluated at baseline and after 60 d of treatment by means of a battery made up of 6 memory tasks. The results suggest that PCA is effective in improving some verbal memory functions in subjects affected by age-related memory decline.
An influenza virus replicon system in yeast identified Tat-SF1 as a stimulatory host factor for viral RNA synthesis (2007)

Influenza viruses infect vertebrates, including mammals and birds. Influenza virus reverse-genetics systems facilitate the study of the structure and function of viral factors. In contrast, less is known about host factors involved in the replication process. Here, we developed a replication and transcription system of the negative-strand RNA genome of the influenza virus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which depends on viral RNAs, viral RNA polymerases, and nucleoprotein (NP). Disruption of SUB2 encoding an orthologue of human RAF-2p48/UAP56, a previously identified viral RNA synthesis stimulatory host factor, resulted in reduction of the viral RNA synthesis rate. Using a genome-wide set of yeast single-gene deletion strains, we found several host factor candidates affecting viral RNA synthesis. We found that among them, Tat-SF1, a mammalian homologue of yeast CUS2, was a stimulatory host factor in influenza virus RNA synthesis. Tat-SF1 interacted with free NP, but not with NP associated with RNA, and facilitated formation of RNA-NP complexes. These results suggest that Tat-SF1 may function as a molecular chaperone for NP, as does RAF-2p48/UAP56. This system has proven useful for further studies on the mechanism of influenza virus genome replication and transcription.
Nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon films prepared by ion-beam-assisted filtered cathodic vacuum arc technique for solar cells application (1998)

Fabrication and characterization of nitrogenated tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C:N) semiconductor/crystalline p-type silicon (p-Si) heterojunction structures are reported. The electron-hole pairs generated from both ta-C:N and Si depletion regions were observed from photoresponse measurements. The peaks are centered at about 540 and 1020 nm, which correspond to the optical absorption edge of ta-C:N and p-Si, respectively. The reverse current increased by three orders of magnitude when the structures were exposed to AM1 light. A photovoltaic effect was observed from ta-C:N and the values of short circuit current, open circuit voltage, and field factor obtained are 5.05 mA cm−2, 270 mV, and 0.2631, respectively.
Iterative boundary method for diffuse optical tomography (2003)

The recent application of tomographic methods to three-dimensional imaging through tissue by use of light often requires modeling of geometrically complex diffuse-nondiffuse boundaries at the tissue-air interface. We have recently investigated analytical methods to model complex boundaries by means of the Kirchhoff approximation. We generalize this approach using an analytical approximation, the N-order diffuse-reflection boundary method, which considers higher orders of interaction between surface elements in an iterative manner. We present the general performance of the method and demonstrate that it can improve the accuracy in modeling complex boundaries compared with the Kirchhoff approximation in the cases of small diffuse volumes or low absorption. Our observations are also contrasted with exact solutions. We furthermore investigate optimal implementation parameters and show that a second-order approximation is appropriate for most in vivo investigations.
A high-efficiency hybrid white organic light-emitting diode enabled by a new blue fluorophor (2015)

High-efficiency hybrid white organic light-emitting diode enabled by a new blue fluorophor.
Enhanced Left Ventricular Diastolic Filling Associated With Long-term Endurance Training (1992)

Normal aging is associated with an impairment in early left ventricular diastolic filling. To test the hypothesis that long-term endurance exercise training is associated with enhanced ventricular diastolic filling indices, we compared transmitral pulsed Doppler inflow spectra in healthy young adults; healthy elderly, sedentary subjects (sedentary old); and healthy elderly, endurance athletes (master athletes). Our data demonstrate that, despite an increase in left ventricular mass, early diastolic filling was enhanced in master athletes compared to the sedentary old. Blood pressure of both master athletes and the sedentary olds was greater than the young adults, but the higher blood pressure did not correlate to changes in filling parameters. Resting systolic function and heart rate were not significantly different in all three different groups. Early left ventricular filling indices in master athletes more closely resemble transmitral inflow patterns of healthy young adults. Long-term endurance exercise is associated with physiologic hypertrophy and ventricular filling dynamics more characteristic of the young than the old.
Acid/base-regulated reversible electron transfer disproportionation of N–N linked bicarbazole and biacridine derivatives (2015)

Regulation of electron transfer on organic substances by external stimuli is a fundamental issue in science and technology, which affects organic materials, chemical synthesis, and biological metabolism. Nevertheless, acid/base-responsive organic materials that exhibit reversible electron transfer have not been well studied and developed, owing to the difficulty in inventing a mechanism to associate acid/base stimuli and electron transfer. We discovered a new phenomenon in which N-N linked bicarbazole (BC) and tetramethylbiacridine (TBA) derivatives undergo electron transfer disproportionation by acid stimulus, forming their stable radical cations and reduced species. The reaction occurs through a biradical intermediate generated by the acid-triggered N-N bond cleavage reaction of BC or TBA, which acts as a two electron acceptor to undergo electron transfer reactions with two equivalents of BC or TBA. In addition, in the case of TBA the disproportionation reaction is highly reversible through neutralization with NEt<sub>3</sub>, which recovers TBA through back electron transfer and N-N bond formation reactions. This highly reversible electron transfer reaction is possible due to the association between the acid stimulus and electron transfer <i>via</i> the acid-regulated N-N bond cleavage/formation reactions which provide an efficient switching mechanism, the ability of the organic molecules to act as multi-electron donors and acceptors, the extraordinary stability of the radical species, the highly selective reactivity, and the balance of the redox potentials. This discovery provides new design concepts for acid/base-regulated organic electron transfer systems, chemical reagents, or organic materials.
On the Design of a High-Performance LSI Circuit Digital Signal Processor for Communication (1985)

This paper describes the design of a highly efficient CMOS LSI circuit digital signal processor (FDSP3). To realize an operating cycle rate of 10 MHz and a throughput rate of 0.6 μs per second-order filter section, considerable care has been paid to the design of software structures and hardware circuitry. Basic program routines and some application examples are also shown. These examples illustrate the high efficiency of the developed DSP device.
The chick chorioallantoic membrane as a novel <i>in vivo</i> model for the testing of biomaterials (2002)

Current in vivo models for testing biomaterials are time and labor intensive as well as expensive. This article describes a new approach for testing biomaterials in vivo using the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing chicken embryo, as an alternative to the traditional mammalian models. Fertilized chicken eggs were incubated for 4 days, at which time a small window was cut in the shell of the egg. After 1 week of incubation, the CAM received several test materials, including the endotoxin LPS, a cotton thread and a Silastic tubing. One day and 1 week later, the tissue response to the test materials was assessed using gross, histological, and scanning electron microscope evaluations. The inflammatory response of the chorioallantoic membrane to biomaterials was fully characterized and found to be similar to that of the mammalian response and was also seen to vary according to test materials. We also found that the structure and geometry of the test materials greatly influenced the incorporation of the samples in the CAM. The similarity of the tissue response of the CAM with the mammalian models, plus the low cost, simplicity, and possibility to continuously visualize the test site through the shell window make this animal model particularly attractive for the rapid in vivo screening of biomaterials.
Synthesis of 2‐amino‐4<i>h</i>‐thiazolo[5,4‐<i>b</i>]indole and characterization of its colored conversion products with protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitory activity (2001)

Abstract In DMSO‐solution 2‐amino‐4 H ‐thiazolo[5,4‐ b ]indole is converted into a complex mixture of colored products. The three major conversion end‐products, of which two are inhibitors of protein tyrosine phos‐phatases (PTPs), were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures characterized by spectro‐scopic analysis, including NMR and MS combined with computer assisted structure elucidation, and, finally, confirmed by independent chemical synthesis. Synthesis of 2‐amino‐4 H ‐thiazolo[5,4‐ b ]indole as well as its N ‐acetyl derivatives prepared from either oxindole or 2‐bromo‐1‐(2‐nitro‐phenyl)ethanone is described.
A Cloud-Based IoT Data Gathering and Processing Platform (2015)

The deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) smart devices, including sensors, is progressing at a rapid pace. However, the volume of data they generate is becoming difficult to store and process on local platforms. The scalability offered by Cloud computing provides a solution to this problem. Cloud computing provides resources at low cost for its users. However, platform-independent methods of gathering and transmitting sensor data to Clouds are not widely available. This paper presents a Cloud-based smart device data monitoring, gathering and processing platform. It first reviews the state-of-the-art embodied by the existing solutions and discusses their strengths and weaknesses. Informed by the survey analysis, a generic architecture is presented that addresses the identified challenges facing data gathering and processing in this area. Based on use case scenarios, we evaluate and demonstrate the novelty of our proposed platform.
Characteristics of the action of human skin fibroblast collagenase on fibrillar collagen. (1980)

Reagents-Tris base, bovine pancreatic trypsin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor
RF characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions (2005)

This paper presents radio-frequency (RF) characterization and modeling of various wire bond transitions between chips and packages. Test modules composed of Si chips and alumina packages are fabricated in conductor-backed (CB) structures, and they are characterized at frequencies up to 20 GHz. It is shown that the parallel plate resonance of the CB coplanar waveguide (CPW) persists in wire bonding transitions, and narrower-ground CPW-CPW transitions show better characteristics than wider-ground CPW-CPW transitions. The results of three-dimensional full-wave electromagnetic simulation on the test modules reproduce the measured results with a reasonable accuracy. Simple equivalent circuit modeling can reproduce the measured results of the narrower ground CPW transition with no resonance structures. Finally, the effects of bond wire length and impedance mismatch on RF performance are investigated.
Antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of the essential oil of <i>Hofmeisteria schaffneri</i> (2011)

The composition and antimicrobial activity of the oils changed slightly from flowering to non-flowering seasons. The results of the present investigation provide in-vitro scientific support for the use of the plant against skin infections in Mexican folk medicine.
Phenylboronic Acid-Installed Polymeric Micelles for Targeting Sialylated Epitopes in Solid Tumors (2013)

Ligand-mediated targeting of nanocarriers to tumors is an attractive strategy for increasing the efficiency of chemotherapies. Sialylated glycans represent a propitious target as they are broadly overexpressed in tumor cells. Because phenylboronic acid (PBA) can selectively recognize sialic acid (SA), herein, we developed PBA-installed micellar nanocarriers incorporating the parent complex of the anticancer drug oxaliplatin, for targeting sialylated epitopes overexpressed on cancer cells. Following PBA-installation, the micelles showed high affinity for SA, as confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy even at intratumoral pH conditions, i.e., pH 6.5, improving their cellular recognition and uptake and enhancing their in vitro cytotoxicity against B16F10 murine melanoma cells. In vivo, PBA-installed micelles effectively reduced the growth rate of both orthotopic and lung metastasis models of melanoma, suggesting the potential of PBA-installed nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting.
Simultaneous four-color imaging of single molecule fluorophores using dichroic mirrors and four charge-coupled devices (2011)

We developed a total-internal-reflection (TIR) fluorescence microscopy using three dichroic mirrors and four charge-coupled devices (CCDs) to detect simultaneously four colors of single-molecule (SM) fluorophores. Four spectrally distinct species of fluorophores (Alexa 488, Cy3, Cy5, or Cy5.5) were each immobilized on a different fused silica slide. A species of fluorophores on the slide was irradiated simultaneously, by two excitation beams from an Ar ion laser (488 and 514.5 nm) and a diode laser (642 nm) through TIR on the slide surface. Fluorescence emitted from the fluorophores was spectrally resolved into four components by the dichroic mirrors, and four images were generated from them simultaneously and continuously, with the four CCDs at a rate of 10 Hz. A series of images was thus obtained with each CCD. Fluorescence spots for a species were observed mainly in the series of images recorded by its respective-color CCD. In the first image in the series, we picked out the spots as continuous pixel regions that had the values greater than a threshold. Then we selected only those spots that exhibited single-step photobleaching and regarded them as SM fluorescence spots. Pixel values of SM fluorescence spots widely differed. Some SM fluorophores had pixel values smaller than the threshold, and were left unpicked. Assuming the pixel values of SM fluorescence spots differed with a Gaussian profile, we estimated the ratios of unpicked fluorophores to be less than 20% for all the species. Because of the spectral overlaps between species, we also observed cross-talk spots into CCDs other than the respective-color CCDs. These cross-talk SM fluorescence spots can be mistaken for correct species. We thus introduced the classification method and classified SM fluorescence spots into correct species in accordance with two kinds of four-dimensional signal vectors. The error rates of fluorophore classification were estimated to be less than 3.2% for all the species. Our system is suitable for the biological studies that desire to simultaneously monitor the four colors of SM fluorophores.
Simulation and verification II: simulating quantum computing: quantum express (2003)

Quantum Computing (QC) research has gained a lot of momentum recently due to several theoretical analyses that indicate that QC is significantly more efficient at solving certain classes of problems than classical computing. While experimental validation will ultimately be required, the primitive nature of current QC hardware leaves practical testing limited to trivial examples. Thus, a robust simulator is needed to study complex QC issues. Most QC simulators model ideal operations, and thus cannot predict the actual time required to execute an algorithm or quantify the effects of errors in the calculation. We have developed a novel QC simulator that models physical hardware implementations. This simulator not only allows the accurate simulation of quantum algorithms on various hardware implementations, but also takes an important step towards providing a framework to determine their true performance and vulnerability to errors.
Structure and chromosomal assignment of the human lectin-like oxidized low-density-lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) gene (1999)

We have reported the cDNA cloning of a modified low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, designated lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 (LOX-1), which is postulated to be involved in endothelial dysfunction and the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Here, we determined the organization of the human LOX-1 gene, including the 5'-regulatory region. The 5'-regulatory region contained several potential cis-regulatory elements, such as GATA-2 binding element, c-ets-1 binding element, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate-responsive element and shear-stress-responsive elements, which may mediate the endothelium-specific and inducible expression of LOX-1. The major transcription-initiation site was found to be located 29 nucleotides downstream of the TATA box and 61 nucleotides upstream from the translation-initiation codon. The minor initiation site was found to be 5 bp downstream from the major site. Most of the promoter activity of the LOX-1 gene was ascribed to the region (-150 to -90) containing the GC and CAAT boxes. The coding sequence was divided into 6 exons by 5 introns. The first 3 exons corresponded to the different functional domains of the protein (cytoplasmic, transmembrane and neck domains), and the residual 3 exons encoded the carbohydrate-recognition domain similar to the case of other C-type lectin genes. The LOX-1 gene was a single-copy gene and assigned to the p12.3-p13.2 region of chromosome 12. Since the locus for a familial hypertension has been mapped to the overlapping region, LOX-1 might be the gene responsible for the hypertension.
Synthesis of 5-Fromyl-2,4,6-trisubstituted Pyrimidines (1983)

A facile synthesis of 5-formyl-2.4.6-trisubstituted pyrimidines bearing amino and hydroxy groups is described.The Vilsmeier reagent, under mild conditions, gives good yields of .products without accompanying chlorination of hydroxy groups.Our recent synthesis of pyrimido[4,5-g1pyrimidines~~~ utilized an aminomethylation reaction on the C-5 position of a suitably substituted pyrimidine.