gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymeric Nanohybrids as a New Class of Therapeutic Biotransporters (2016)

A possible solution to enhance existing drug and gene therapies is to develop hybrid nanocarriers capable of delivering therapeutic agents in a controlled and targeted manner. This goal can be achieved by designing nanohybrid systems, which combine organic or inorganic nanomaterials with biomacromolecules into a single composite. The unique combination of properties along with their facile fabrication enables the design of smart carriers for both drug and gene delivery. These hybrids can be further modified with cell targeting motifs to enhance their biological interactivity. In this Talents and Trends article, an overview of emerging nanohybrid-based technologies will be provided to highlight their potential use as innovative platforms for improved cancer therapies and new strategies in regenerative medicine. The clinical relevance of these systems will be reviewed to define the current challenges which still need to be addressed to allow these therapies to move from bench to bedside.
The historical basis of the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (1995)

The “nonspecific” inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) initially emerged in single case reports several centuries ago. However, it was not until the latter half of the 19th century that they were recognized as distinct clinical entities. The early history of ulcerative colitis is lost in the obscurity of ancient medicine and the complexities of the infectious colitides. The early history of Crohn's disease is featured in numerous reports of tumor-like inflammatory masses of the abdomen, then regarded erroneously as neoplastic and, at a time of limited abdominal surgery, left untreated. The remarkably descriptive accounts by G. B. Morgagni (1761); S. Wilks (1859); T. K. Dalziel (1913); and B. Crohn, L. Ginzberg, and G. Oppenheimer (1932) highlight the initial inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) literature. These IBD reports also suggest early but understandably limited consideration of several of the current IBD etiologic concepts [microbial, immunologic, nutritional, injurious agents in the fecal stream, and familial (genetic) relationships]. The increasing incidence of patients with ulcerative colitis during the first third to one-half of the 20th century, which has now stabilized, and the increasing numbers of patients with regional enteritis (Crohn's disease) during the second half of the century are consistent with an epidemiologic pattern reflecting environmental etiologic factors.
Fabrication of Superconducting Tunnel Junction via Double Angle Evaporation (2019)

This thesis explores the possibility of fabricating
superconducting tunnel junctions (STJ) using double angle
evaporation using an E-beam system. The traditional method of
making STJs use a shadow mask to deposit two films requires the
breaking of the vacuum of the main chamber. This technique has
given bad results and proven to be a tedious process. To improve on
this technique, the E-beam system was modified by adding a load
lock and transfer line to perform the multi-angle deposition and in
situ oxidation in the load lock without breaking the vacuum of the
main chamber. Bilayer photolithography process was used to prepare
a pattern for double angle deposition for the STJ. The overlap
length could be easily controlled by varying the deposition angles.
The low-temperature resistivity measurement and scanning electron
microscope (SEM) characterization showed that the deposited films
were good. However, I-V measurement for tunnel junction did not
give expected results for the quality of the fabricated STJs. The
main objective of modifying the E-beam system for multiple angle
deposition was achieved. It can be used for any application that
requires angular deposition. The motivation for the project was to
set up a system that can fabricate a device that can be used as a
phonon spectrometer for phononic crystals. Future work will include
improving the quality of the STJ and fabricating an STJs on both
sides of a silicon substrate using a 4-angle
deposition.
Targeted Gene Transfer of Hepatocyte Growth Factor to Alveolar Type II Epithelial Cells Reduces Lung Fibrosis in Rats (2012)

Inefficient alveolar wound repair contributes to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent growth factor for alveolar type II epithelial cells (AECII) and may improve repair and reduce fibrosis. We studied whether targeted gene transfer of HGF specifically to AECII improves lung fibrosis in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. A plasmid encoding human HGF expressed from the human surfactant protein C promoter (pSpC-hHGF) was designed, and extracorporeal electroporation-mediated gene transfer of HGF specifically to AECII was performed 7 days after bleomycin-induced lung injury in the rat. Animals were killed 7 days after hHGF gene transfer. Electroporation-mediated HGF gene transfer resulted in HGF expression specifically in AECII at biologically relevant levels. HGF gene transfer reduced pulmonary fibrosis as assessed by histology, hydroxyproline determination, and design-based stereology compared with controls. Our results indicate that the antifibrotic effect of HGF is due in part to a reduction of transforming growth factor-β(1), modulation of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and reduction of extravascular fibrin deposition. We conclude that targeted HGF gene transfer specifically to AECII decreases bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis and may therefore represent a novel cell-specific gene transfer technology to treat pulmonary fibrosis.
Face De-Identification Service for Neuroimaging Volumes (2018)

Digital medical imaging is a fundamental tool for improving medical practice workflows and supporting clinical diagnosis. Nowadays, healthcare institutions are usually very supported by information and communication systems that meet regular practice requirements. However, the usage of those platforms in collaborative, research and educational scenarios faces several problems. One of the key issues is related with patient data privacy, namely with concerns related with the visual anonymization of studies. In the neuroimaging field, this subject is more complex since, even after removing the patient's information from the images meta-data or burned in the pixel data, it is still possible to identify the patients through 3D reconstruction of the volume. This article proposes and describes the implementation of an end-user service that allows neuroimages facial de-identification of CT volumes, being fully interoperable with production repositories. The solution was validated using a public dataset and made available to the community through its integration with an open source archive server.
A Super Wideband Optical FM Modulation Scheme for Video Transmission Systems (1996)

A novel super wideband optical FM modulation scheme that employs an optical heterodyne detection technique is proposed and demonstrated. The experimental results show that applying this scheme to 40-channel AM video transmission expands the power budget by approximately 10 dB at a carrier- to-noise ratio (CNR) of 42 dB. The feasibility of the scheme is also discussed from the viewpoints of connector reflectivity and fiber-dispersion.
Immediate heart-rate response to standing: simple test for autonomic neuropathy in diabetes. (1978)

The immediate heart-rate response to standing was measured in 22 normal controls and 25 patients with diabetes, 15 of whom had autonomic neuropathy. The response in the controls and patients without autonomic neuropathy was characteristic and consistent, with tachycardia maximal at around the 15th beat and relative bradycardia maximal at around the 30th beat. The diabetics with autonomic neuropathy, however, showed a flat response. In three controls the response was abolished with intravenous atropine but not with propranolol, showing that it is mediated through the vagus. A simplified test using routine ECGs and measuring the R-R interval at beats 15 and 30 with a ruler is easily performed as an outpatient procedure and may be used as a measure of autonomic function in diabetes.
Dose-Dependent Effects of Sirolimus on mTOR Signaling and Polycystic Kidney Disease (2012)

Inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) shows beneficial effects in animal models of polycystic kidney disease (PKD); however, two clinical trials in patients with autosomal dominant PKD failed to demonstrate a short-term benefit in either the early or progressive stages of disease. The stage of disease during treatment and the dose of mTOR inhibitors may account for these differing results. Here, we studied the effects of a conventional low dose and a higher dose of sirolimus (blood levels of 3 ng/ml and 30-60 ng/ml, respectively) on mTOR activity and renal cystic disease in two Pkd1-mutant mouse models at different stages of the disease. When initiated at early but not late stages of disease, high-dose treatment strongly reduced mTOR signaling in renal tissues, inhibited cystogenesis, accelerated cyst regression, and abrogated fibrosis and the infiltration of immune cells. In contrast, low-dose treatment did not significantly reduce renal cystic disease. Levels of p-S6Rp(Ser240/244), which marks mTOR activity, varied between kidneys; severity of the renal cystic phenotype correlated with the level of mTOR activity. Taken together, these data suggest that long-term treatment with conventional doses of sirolimus is insufficient to inhibit mTOR activity in renal cystic tissue. Mechanisms to increase bioavailability or to target mTOR inhibitors more specifically to kidneys, alone or in combination with other compounds, may improve the potential for these therapies in PKD.
Synthesis of pyrazolopyridine 3‐carboxylates by Friedlander condensation (2010)

Abstract magnified image A series of 1,3,6‐trisubstituted and 1,3,5,6‐tetrasubstituted pyrazolo [3,4‐ b ] pyridines 5 have been synthesized by series of reactions on 1‐phenyl‐3‐carboxylate pyrazolone to obtain o ‐aminoaldehyde, which undergo facile condensation with various α‐methylene ketones, nitriles, and esters, furnish fused pyridine derivative in good yield. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
Across Australia ... from Health Worker to Health Worker (1980)

Health workers across Australia speak about their experiences while working in various medical services throughout Australia in their respective Aboriginal health communities. These health workers look after Aboriginal community health by helping sick people and trying to prevent sickness from spreading into the community, regularly checking children's weight and educating mothers on giving right food to their children.
Identification of the cpdA Gene Encoding Cyclic 3ʹ,5ʹ-Adenosine Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase in Escherichia coli (1996)

We have identified a gene, cpdA, located at 66.2 min of the chromosome of Escherichia coli that encodes cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase (cAMP phosphodiesterase, EC). The expression of beta-galactosidase, which is a product of the lacZ gene, was repressed in cells that harbored multiple copies of the plasmid carrying the cpdA gene. Northern blotting showed that the transcription of the lacZ gene was inhibited in these cells. Multiple copies of the cpdA gene decreased the intracellular concentration of cAMP, which is a positive regulator for transcription of the lacZ gene. We found that the purified CpdA protein repressed in vitro transcription from the lacP1 promoter by decreasing cAMP. In addition, we showed that the CpdA protein hydrolyzed cAMP to 5'-adenosine monophosphate and that its activity was activated by iron. Our results suggested that regulation of intracellular concentration of cAMP is dependent not only on synthesis of cAMP but also on hydrolysis of cAMP by cAMP phosphodiesterase.
An Easy Synthesis of 3-Amino- and 3-Nitrothiophene (1995)

Abstract 3-Amino- and 3-nitrothiophene are readily made by the decarboxylation of the corresponding thiophene-2-carboxylic acids which are easily prepared from the commercially available methyl 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxylate.
H-2-linked control of in vitro gamma interferon production in response to a 32-kilodalton antigen (P32) of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (1988)

A 32-kilodalton protein antigen (P32) was previously purified to homogeneity from culture filtrate of Mycobacterium bovis BCG (J. De Bruyn, K. Huygen, R. Bosmans, M. Fauville, R. Lippens, J. P. Van Vooren, P. Falmagne, H. G. Wiker, M. Harboe, and M. Turneer, Microb. Pathog. 2:351-366, 1987). Spleen cells from BCG-sensitized mice produce significant amounts of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to this P32 protein. The amount of secreted IFN-gamma is influenced by mouse genotype, with C57BL/6 (H-2b), C57BL/10 (H-2b), and 129/Sv (H-2b) mice producing about four times more than BALB/c (H-2d), CBF1 (H-2d/b), and DBA/2 (H-2d) mice do. Analysis of seven recombinant inbred strains derived from the BALB/c x C57BL/6 cross and of congenic mice differing in major histocompatibility complex-coding chromosome 17 fragments indicates a probable H-2-linked control of this IFN-gamma induction, with H-2b cells producing high titers and H-2d cells producing low titers in response to the P32 antigen.
High Power Ultraviolet VECSEL through Intra-Cavity Frequency-Doubling in BBO (2006)

Intra-cavity frequency-doubling in a beta-barium borate crystal has generated a total of 120 mW continuous-wave output power at 338 nm from a vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser based on the AlGaInP material system. The wavelength was tuned over 5 nm
Multi-View Image Deblurring for 3D Shape Reconstruction (2012)

본 논문에서는 객체의 모션 블러(motion blur)를 포함하고 있는 다중시점(multi-view) 영상을 이용하여 객체의 3차원 형상 복원시 영상을 효과적으로 디블러링(deblurring)하여 3차원 형상 복원의 정확도를 높이는 기법을 제안한다. 다중시점 영상의 디블러링 수행시 다중시점 영상 간의 기하학적 상관관계를 고려하여 보다 정확히 PSF (point spread function)를 구함으로써 결과적으로 보다 정확한 3차원 형상 복원을 수행할 있다. 제안하는 기법은 각각의 입력 영상에서 초기 2D PSF를 독립적으로 구한 후, 3차원 PSF의 후보를 각 입력 영상의 카메라 행렬에 의해 투영했을 때 이들에 전역적으로 가장 잘 부합하는 3D PSF를 탐색한다. 3D PSF는 방향과 밀도 성분으로 구성되며 이는 결국 3차원 공간에서의 물체의 움직임 궤적과 동일하다. 추정된 3D PSF는 각 영상으로 다시 투영되어 각 영상의 2D PSF로 추정되고, 이에 의해 각 영상의 디블러링을 수행한다. 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법을 이용하여 다중시점 영상 디블러링과 3차원 형상 복원을 수행한 결과, 단일 영상만을 이용하여 복원할 경우에 비하여 디블러링과 3차원 형상 복원 모두 현저히 개선된 결과를 확인할 수 있다.
Development of a novel IGRA assay to test T cell responsiveness to HBV antigens in whole blood of chronic Hepatitis B patients (2015)

Our novel whole blood based cytokine release assay constitutes an easy and robust tool for screening HBV specific cellular immunity as alternative to flow cytometry or ELISPOT assays.
A review of the efficacy of traditional Iranian medicine for inflammatory bowel disease (2010)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is not yet known, but many factors such as defects in the immune system, oxidative stress, microbial content in the gastrointestinal tract, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, nitric oxide (NO), cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2), and leukotriene B4 (LB4) are thought to play a role in its pathogenesis. In traditional Iranian medicine (TIM), several medicinal plants are thought to be effective for the treatment of IBD. In this study, information on all of these remedies were derived from all available old sources such as documents or notes and books and were added to the information derived from modern medical databases covering all in vitro, in vivo and clinical trials. For some of these plants, only one or two mechanisms of action have been found such as in Cassia fistula, Lepidium sativum, and Bunium persicum. However, for some plants various mechanisms of action are known. For example, Commiphora mukul is effective in IBD due to its immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties and it decreases NF-κB, NO and Cox-2. Another herb, Plantago ovata, has immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities and decreases NO and LB4. Considering the mechanisms of action of these plants, the combination of some of them may be useful because of their many mechanisms of action such as Pistacia lentiscus, Bunium persicum, Solanum nigrum, Plantago ovata, Boswellia, Solanum nigrum, Plantago ovata and Commiphora mukul. For some of the herbal products used in TIM such as oleogum resin from Commiphora myrrha, seeds of Ocimum basilicum, seeds of Linum usitatissimum, gum resin of Dracaena cinnabari, seeds of Plantago major, seeds of Lallementia royleana, and seeds of Allium porrum, there is no or not enough studies to confirm their benefits in IBD. It is suggested that an evaluation of the effects of these plants on different aspects of IBD should be performed.
Fast parallel algorithms for binary multiplication and their implementation on systolic architectures (1989)

Two algorithms for parallel multiplication of two n-bit binary numbers are presented. Both use column compression to increase the speed of execution. They require almost regular interconnection between only two types of cells and hence are very suitable for VLSI implementation. Both of them can also be easily modified to handle two's complement numbers with constant differences in time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Log-scale Modulation Frequency Coefficient: A Tempo Feature for Music Emotion Classification (2006)

Abstract. This paper proposes a tempo feature extraction method. The tempo information is modeled by the narrow-band, low-pass temporal modulation component, which is decomposed into a modulation spectrum via joint frequency analysis. In implementation, the modulation spectrum is directly estimated from the modified discrete cosine transform coefficients, which are output of partial MP3 (MPEG 1 Layer 3) decoder. Then the log-scale modulation frequency coefficients are extracted from the amplitude of modulation spectrum. The tempo feature is employed in automatic music emotion classification. The accuracy is improved with several hybrid classification methods based on posterior fusion. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the presented tempo feature and the hybrid classification approach. 1
Absorption Spectrometry of Trace Moisture in Ammonia Gas with a 1371 nm Distributed-Feedback Diode Laser (1999)

We report on the sensitivity improvement of in the quantitative measurement of trace moisture in ammonia gas. A 1371 nm lnGaAsP distributed-feedback diode laser operating at room temperature was used as the light source. A dual-cell optical configuration was employed in the scheme of tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry. Using signal and reference cells, both 92 cm in length, the interfering effects of absorption lines of the major constituent gas (ammonia) were canceled in a remarkable manner. Other common mode noises including the etalon fringes associated with the wavelength scan were also reduced. The system is capable of detecting trace moisture content of as low as 12 parts per billion. This is an improvement of more than two orders of magnitude compared with the conventional method of single-cell detection.
Electrochemistry in Liquid  SO 2 : IX . Oxidation of n‐Alkanes and Alkylammonium Ions at Pt Ultramicroelectrodes in Liquid (1990)

When is used as the supporting electrolyte in liquid , the anodic solvent limit is about +6V vs. SCE. This very positive potential range allows the electrochemical oxidation of straight‐chain hydrocarbons and quaternary alkylammonium ions to be studied in this solvent system by cyclic voltammetry at Pt ultramicroelectrodes (10 and 25 μm). Single, totally irreversible, anodic voltammetric waves were observed. The peak potentials of these compounds became more negative with an increase in the length of the carbon chain. The peak potentials correlated with ionization potentials and the length of the carbon chain. Bulk electrolysis of n‐hydrocarbons at low concentrations (1–5 mM) required 2 faradays per mole of hydrocarbon. However, when higher concentrations were employed (>10 mM), the electrolytic current did not fall to background levels. Some delocalization of the C σ‒σ bonds is proposed to account for the negative peak potential shift with increasing length of the hydrocarbon chain.
Mandibular resection methods in the mandibular gingival carcinoma. Its indications, results and reconstruction procedure. (1997)

下顎歯肉癌36例について検討を行った。辺縁切除, 区域切除, 下顎半側切除の選択は次のような基準で行った。すなわち, 1. 下顎歯肉あるいは皮質骨に腫瘍が限局している場合には, 辺縁切除を行い, 骨の安全域を2cmとする。2. 下顎歯槽部に腫瘍の浸潤がある場合には区域切除を行う。3. 下顎管周囲に腫瘍が浸潤している場合には下顎半側あるいは関節突起基部までの切除を行う, である。これらの原則に従い下顎の切除を行い, 辺縁切除4例, 区域切除25例, 半側切除2例, 亜全摘5例であった。局所再発例は全例区域切除症例で, 1981年～1988年までの12例中5例に, 1989年～1995年までの24例中3例に局所再発が見られた。術後機能は辺縁切除症例では殆ど発音や咀嚼障害は認められなかった。区域切除, 半側切除, 亜全摘症例のうち22%の患者は常食の摂取が不可能であったが, 会話明瞭度では殆ど障害がなかった。これらのことから十分な安全域を含んで区域切除を行い, 骨と軟組織の確実な再建を行う事で, 良好な予後と術後機能が得られると思われた。
Effects of expanded perlite aggregate and different curing conditions on the drying shrinkage of self-compacting concrete (2006)

Fresh self-compacting concrete (SCC) flows into place and around obstructions under its own weight to fill the formwork completely and self-compact, without any segregation. The present study investigates drying shrinkage of SCC including mixtures of expanded perlite (EPA) and natural aggregates (NA) at six different curing conditions. The binder dosage is kept constant at 450 kg/m 3 throughout the study. A superplasticizer is used as 2% (by weight) of Portland cement (PC) to reduce water/cement+mineral (w/cm) ratios and self-compacting. Specimens have been exposed to conditions of lime-saturated water (B1), dry in air (B2), coated with paraffin (B3), three times wetted in a day (B4), under wet-sack (B5) and 100% relative humidity (B6). It has been found that drying shrinkage of concrete is reduced by using EPA. The drying shrinkage of EPA concrete decreases with an increasing moisture content. It is also found that concrete exhibits a lower drying shrinkage in all time periods under the Bl curing conditions.
Variable window Gabor filters and their use in focus and correspondence (1994)

There are two basic problems concerned with Gabor filterings that we will address in this paper. One is the window size problem, in which we will adopt a set of 2D variable window Gabor filters, and compare its performance with those of fixed window filters. We will show that the variable window scheme is more adaptive to image contents. The other problem we will address is the stability of amplitude and phase information resulting from convolving the filters with images. We will extend Fleet's 1D phase stability analysis to 2D phase and amplitude stability analysis based upon the assumption of local resemblance of filter outputs to a single sinusoid. Applications on focus quality measurement and 2D correspondence are described, and the results demonstrate improvements of performance by detecting unstable information using the criterion developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>