gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular engineering. Part 2.1 Influence of side-chain substituents in lariat-type upper-rim calix[4]crowns on their binding properties and the reversal of these (1997)

Cone-structured upper-rim 1,3-calix[4]crowns have been synthesized from the distal dibromo diol 6 which is itself regioselectively synthesized from p-bromocalix[4]arene hexyl ether by transmetallation, quenching with B(OMe)3 and oxidation. The dibromo substituents in these calix[4]crowns have been transformed into hydrophobic or hydrophilic groups to give lariat-type hosts. Picrate extraction experiments show that alkylammonium ions bind more strongly than alkali-metal cations to hosts having hydrophobic side-arms such as bromo or p-methoxyphenyl, which means that the hydrophobic binding of the calix[4]arene unit and the hydrophilic binding of the crown unit synergistically increase the affinity of the calix[4]crowns for alkylammonium ions. 1H NMR spectra also support the conformational change of the calix[4]crowns from pinched-cone to cone upon complexation. With amide or ester side-arms the affinity tendency is reversed. It is presumed that the hydrophilic side-arms have a high affinity for the charged part of the guest, which leads to a collapse of the hydrophobic cavity.
A simple experimental system for the determination of spatial spectroscopic optical emission (1997)

An experimental set-up for the determination of spatial spectroscopic optical emission of sources with cylindrical symmetry is presented. It combines a fibre optic system with a monochromator coupled to a CCD camera. The light emitted by the source is sent to the inputs of ten optical fibres through a collimating system. The outputs of these optical fibres are coupled to the entrance slit of a monochromator. The CCD camera is at the output slit. This allows simultaneous acquisition of ten spectra, each being associated with a small zone of the source. By translation of the optical fibres, the whole source is studied. The data are then analysed by means of a reconstruction program in order to obtain the spatial spectroscopic optical emission profile. This experimental set-up is used to deduce the spatial optical emission of various lines of a RF-powered magnetron discharge. The advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.
3D coronary reconstruction from calibrated motion-compensated 2D projections based on semi-automated feature point detection (2004)

3D rotational coronary angiography (3DRCA) is one of the application areas of 3D rotational X-Ray imaging. In this application a sequence of projection images is acquired when the C-arm is rotated around the patient. Since the heart is a moving object, only projections can be used which correspond to the same phase of the cardiac cycle. This significantly limits the number of projections available for reconstruction causing streaking artefacts in the reconstructed image due to angular undersampling. The involvement of additional projections in the reconstruction procedure from different viewing angles would increase the quality of the volume data. Each successive acquired projection is slightly different compared with the previous one due to two reasons: First, there is a motion to the deformation of the heart, second there is an induced deformation owing to the change in the projection angle. The purpose of this work is to determine the motion owing to the heart deformation, so as to compensate for this motion in projection images in a different heart phase. Hereto we propose to use concepts from coronary modeling in combination of conventional reconstruction procedures. The proposed method facilitates the use of additional projections in the reconstruction. Motion-compensated reconstructed volume data are presented for coronary arteries in an animal (pig) model.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nef protein modulates the lipid composition of virions and host cell membrane microdomains (2007)

Nef alters not only the proteome but also the lipid composition of host cell microdomains. This novel activity represents a previously unrecognized mechanism by which Nef could manipulate HIV-1 target cells to facilitate virus propagation in vivo.
[Behavior of plasma androgens in cases of adrenal pathology]. (1979)

Following chromatographic separation, the RI method has been used to examine the behaviour of plasmatic androgens in a group of normal subjects, in two patients with Addison's disease and two patients with hypercorticoadrenalism, due respectively to corticoadrenal adenoma and bilateral adenomatous hyperplasia. A significant reduction in adrenal androgens was observed in patients suffering from Addison's disease. The most interesting information, however, was the paradoxical reduction in DHEA and delta 4-A in patients with corticoadrenal hyperfunction.
Ventricular Pacing or Dual-Chamber Pacing for Sinus-Node Dysfunction (2002)

In sinus-node dysfunction, dual-chamber pacing does not improve stroke-free survival, as compared with ventricular pacing. However, dual-chamber pacing reduces the risk of atrial fibrillation, reduces signs and symptoms of heart failure, and slightly improves the quality of life. Overall, dual-chamber pacing offers significant improvement as compared with ventricular pacing.
Evaluation of pharyngeal shape and size using anatomical optical coherence tomography in individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (2008)

Summary This study compared shape, size and length of the pharyngeal airway in individuals with and without obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) using a novel endoscopic imaging technique, anatomical optical coherence tomography ( a OCT). The study population comprised a preliminary study group of 20 OSA patients and a subsequent controlled study group of 10 OSA patients and 10 body mass index (BMI)‐, gender‐ and age‐matched control subjects without OSA. All subjects were scanned using a OCT while awake, supine and breathing quietly. Measurements of airway cross‐sectional area (CSA) and anteroposterior (A‐P) and lateral diameters were obtained from the hypo‐, oro‐ and velopharyngeal regions. A‐P : lateral diameter ratios were calculated to provide an index of regional airway shape. In all subjects, pharyngeal CSA was lowest in the velopharynx. Patients with OSA had a smaller velopharyngeal CSA than controls (maximum CSA 91 ± 40 versus 153 ± 84 mm 2 ; P < 0.05) but comparable oro‐ (318 ± 80 versus 279 ± 129 mm 2 ; P = 0.48) and hypopharyngeal CSA (250 ± 105 versus 303 ± 112 mm 2 ; P = 0.36). In each pharyngeal region, the long axis of the airway was oriented in the lateral diameter. Airway shape was not different between the groups. Pharyngeal airway length was similar in both groups, although the OSA group had longer uvulae than the control group (16.8 ± 6.2 versus 11.2 ± 5.2 mm; P < 0.05). This study has shown that individuals with OSA have a smaller velopharyngeal CSA than BMI‐, gender‐ and age‐matched control volunteers, but comparable shape: a laterally oriented ellipse. These findings suggest that it is an abnormality in size rather than shape that is the more important anatomical predictor of OSA.
Interaction of BaCl <sub>2</sub> and BaSO <sub>4</sub> at Elevated Temperatures (1985)

The effect of adding BaCl 2 to BaSO 4 at elevated temperatures was studied. Differential thermal analysis and hot‐stage microscopy revealed that a eutectic occurs at 865°C between BaCl 2 and 13.5 mol% BaSO 4 . The microstructure in the reaction zone indicated that BaS04 recrystallizes from the eutectic melt. Thus, BaCl 2 additions can activate BaSO 4 at a temperature as low as 865°C.
Identification and extraction of different objects and its location from a Pdf file using efficient information retrieval tools (2015)

During the past few years the readers interest on e-newspapers is significantly growing. E-newspapers play an important role by providing useful, informative and timely information to the readers. It is difficult task to retrieve relevant information from different newspapers, as the layout of a newspaper is not geometrically simple. The use of e-newspaper PDF format in the implementation of Information Retrieval System for Online Newspapers requires a robust information extraction system. The proposed system converts e-newspapers PDF format to text format. The PDF document is a platform independent file format. The file can be viewed on any information processing system with a PDF viewer. In this work the system analyses the tree structure of PDF file where it first locates the trailer part (root node of a file) and access the information of cross reference table such as the root object, location and the size of the cross reference table. From the cross reference table the system extracts the information of all the objects stored in the PDF document. This work mainly focuses on identifying each object and extracting the location of the contents of PDF documents.
Field Effect Optoelectronic Modulation of Quantum-Confined Carriers in Black Phosphorus (2016)

We report measurements of the infrared optical response of thin black phosphorus under field-effect modulation. We interpret the observed spectral changes as a combination of an ambipolar Burstein-Moss (BM) shift of the absorption edge due to band-filling under gate control, and a quantum confined Franz-Keldysh (QCFK) effect, phenomena that have been proposed theoretically to occur for black phosphorus under an applied electric field. Distinct optical responses are observed depending on the flake thickness and starting carrier concentration. Transmission extinction modulation amplitudes of more than two percent are observed, suggesting the potential for use of black phosphorus as an active material in mid-infrared optoelectronic modulator applications.
A load balance service based on probabilistic neural network (2004)

For widely supporting the group communication in the WAN environment, client/server cluster architecture is introduced in our protocol. In order to balance the loads on servers, a novel method for characterizing the workload is presented to replace the traditional workload descriptor - the CPU queue length. The combination of the CPU queue length and other five workload indices are used to determine the load levels. A modified probabilistic neural network is adopted to classify the server load states into six types with the index combination as the input vector. The experiment proves that the shorter mean response time can be obtained in the new method. Based on it, load balancing policy is executed in the system to balance loads on servers.
Face Recognition Based Door Lock System Using Opencv and C# with Remote Access and Security Features (2014)

This paper investigates the accuracy and effectiveness of the face detection and recognition algorithms using OpenCV and C# computer language. The adaboost algorithm [2] is used for face detection and PCA algorithm[1] is used for face recognition. This paper also investigates the robustness of the face recognition system when an unknown person is being detected, wherein the system will send an email to the owner of the system using SMTP [7]. The door lock can also be accessed remotely from any part of the world by using a Dropbox [8] account.
A novel approach to robot control using fuzzy logic (2002)

The authors have developed a robot controller that exploits the principles of fuzzy logic to circumvent the mathematically complex inverse kinematic equations that are at the heart of operations of conventional robot controllers. They describe the derivation of the fuzzy control rules for a planar robot with an arbitrary number of serial degrees-of-freedom (DOF). Computer simulation results are presented to verify the proposed concept. In addition, experimental results of implementing the developed fuzzy logic controller on a four DOF planar laboratory robot are discussed. Bench mark tests comparing the execution speed of the proposed fuzzy logic controller with the traditional controller revealed that the approach described was 33% times faster than traditional methods, which require solution of the inverse kinematic equations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of fetal pulmonary surfactant production on the apparent microviscosity of amniotic fluid measured by fluorescence polarization (1983)

The fluorescence properties of 1,6 diphenyl 1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) in human amniotic fluid from the 10--20th week and from the 36--40th week of gestation are investigated. The probe environment of two stages of fetal development are studied by measuring the effect of temperature on the fluorescence polarization of DPH. The temperature profiles of fluorescence polarization of DPH in amniotic fluid and in liposomes prepared from chloroform/methanol extracts of the fluid are compared to the temperature profiles of liposomes prepares from phospholipids of known composition. The DPH binding structures of human amniotic fluid are further characterized by fractionation of lipid bodies by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient. The major part of fluorescence in third trimester amniotic fluid is emitted by DPH bound to pulmonary lamellar lipid bodies. The DPH environment in early gestational amniotic fluid is a distinctly different structure, which is more rigid than both sphingomyelin and dipalmityl lecithin at temperatures above 40 degrees C, and which is not chloroform/methanol extractable.
A review of electronics materials deposition techniques including solder jetting and relief printing. (2002)

This report presents a review of two deposition techniques, solder jetting and relief printing, being considered to complement the traditional stencil printing or needle dispensing. The review of solder jetting highlighted a number of potential niche applications for technique. The majority of these are low volume applications which could avail themselves of the direct write capability of the technology, such as application of solder to substrates for selective deposition for DCA applications or via fill. Wafer bumping in low volume for specialist devices such as ASICs, as well as chip scale package bumping. could also benefit from the direct write capabilities of the process.
Relief printing (printing through thick plastic stencils with underside recesses) of adhesives has been successfully demonstrated with the manufacture of simultaneous double-sided reflow (SDRF) soldered assemblies, but some limits to the technology have emerged. To utilise this process, end users may find that solder paste and adhesives deposition will have to be limited to the larger components or coarser pitch components where large stencil apertures can be used. Adhesive printing proved easier than solder paste printing. However, the technique should be eminently suitable for printing of larger area deposits, such as for coarser pitch components, thermal adhesive under perimeter arrays (QFPs), or die-bond adhesives for chip on board assemblies. In these applications, relief printing may prove faster than needle dispensing.
Effects of the Sabal serrulata extract IDS 89 and its subfractions on 5α-reductase activity in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (1996)

Extract from fruit of Sabal serrulata are used in the treatment of human benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). Therefore, it is of interest whether this phytopharmacon has any influence on the androgen metabolism in the human prostate. It was found that the extract IDS 89 of Sabal serrulata inhibited dose dependently 5 alpha-reductase activity in the epithelium and stroma of human BPH, the mean inhibition being 29% and 45%, respectively. This inhibitory effect is mainly due to the saponifiable subfraction of IDS 89 showing a mean 5 alpha-reductase inhibition of 39% and 38% in epithelium and stroma, respectively. The inhibition was dose dependent and noncompetitive. At a testosterone concentration of 580 nM as substrate for 5 alpha-reductase, the main fatty acids of the extract IDS 89 gave rise to a percentual enzyme inhibition in the epithelium and stroma as follows: 51% and 42% (lauric acid), 5% and 0% (oleic acid), 43% and 34% (myristic acid), 2% and 0% (palmitic acid), respectively. The inhibitory effect of lauric acid was noncompetitive and dose dependent up to a concentration of 0.2 nM, the maximal inhibition in the epithelium and stroma being 52% and 45%, respectively. The nonsaponifiable subfraction, consisting mainly of phytosterols, showed a mean inhibition of 5 alpha-reductase in the epithelium and stroma of 15% and 10%, respectively. Finally, the hydrophilic subfraction, containing carbohydrates, amino acids, and polysaccharides, showed no inhibitory effect. The present in vitro studies suggest that the Sabal serrulata extract IDS 89 has an inhibitory effect on 5 alpha-reductase in the epithelium and stroma of human BPH. This inhibition is mainly due to the fatty acids of the saponifiable subfraction.
Ion-Beam Techniques for Device Fabrication (1971)

Sputtering of solid surfaces by low-energy ion beams can remove materials at a rate useful for machining purposes; the system can be called an ion-milling machine. Milling of solid materials, with minimum change to adjacent materials, is possible by this method. The first part of the paper discusses the parameters involved in ion interactions with solid surfaces. Six different ion-milling techniques and ion sources are next described. Finally, practical procedures obtained with some current problems are given.
Technegas - a new ventilation agent for lung scanning (1986)

A simple process using technetium-99m generator eluate in a graphite crucible at 2500 degrees C, produces a structured ultra-fine dispersion of labelled carbon. Particle sizes are 5.0 nm (0.005 micron) and less and adhere to the walls of the alveoli on inhalation. Penetration characteristics are gas-like and the radioactivity per litre of carrier argon allows single breath inhalations of a diagnostic dose. Over 190 patients have been studied including 50 within a formal clinical trial with xenon-133. Results of tomography, dynamic inhalation, and image subtraction using this new agent-'Technegas'--are presented.
Herbicides As Harvest Aids (2010)

Herbicides used as harvest aids are applied at crop maturity to desiccate weed and crop foliage. Weeds present in the harvested crop can increase moisture content and foreign material, reducing grade and market price. Weeds can also delay the harvest operation and reduce harvest efficiency. Glyphosate can be used to desiccate weeds in glyphosate-resistant crops without concern for crop injury. Carfentrazone and pyraflufen-ethyl used as harvest aids can be effective in desiccating broadleaf weeds in corn and soybean. Paraquat, although effective on grass and broadleaf weeds when applied late season, can cause significant crop injury if applied too early. With expanded production of early maturing soybean cultivars in the mid-South (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri bootheel, and west Tennessee), presence of green stems, green pods, or green leaf retention, or combinations of these at harvest has increased. Interest in harvest aids has shifted to use as a crop desiccant. Paraquat also is an effective soybean desiccant, but application timing differs for indeterminate and determinate cultivars. Paraquat applied after soybean seed reached physiological maturity reduced number of green stems, pods, and retained green leaves present, allowing harvest to proceed 1 to 2 wk earlier than nontreated soybean. Seed moisture, foreign material, and seed damage also were reduced when paraquat was applied.
Oxidation Mechanism of ZrB<sub>2</sub>-SiC Tested in a Solar Furnace above 2200°C (2010)

The solar furnace is a heating system based on concentrated sunrays on the material surface. It is an original method for testing ultra-high-temperature ceramics (UHTC) at very high temperature (above 2200°C) in air with an exposure time of several minutes. In this study, the solar flux is 15.5 MW.m-2 with a homogeneous exposed surface of 10 mm2. A large temperature-time composition parameters space is covered producing a large set of oxidized samples. Massive cylindrical specimens of UHTC materials are prepared by spark plasma sintering at 1900°C under a pressure of 100 MPa for 5 minutes. Then, samples are tested in air from 1750°C up to 2400°C with dwell times varied from 1 to 5 min. During oxidation of ZrB2-SiC (20%vol) material, the formed and known complex oxide scale identified from literature is easily reproduced using this method. It consists of a thin outer silica layer and zirconia columnar layer with a region of SiC depleted zone in ZrB2 phase. The impact of the reduction of Si content is quantified and the coating ZrB2-20%vol SiC is tested as protection on C-C composite.
Cytochrome P450 CYP716A53v2 Catalyzes the Formation of Protopanaxatriol from Protopanaxadiol During Ginsenoside Biosynthesis in Panax Ginseng (2012)

Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) is one of the most popular medicinal herbs, and the root of this plant contains pharmacologically active components, called ginsenosides. Ginsenosides, a class of tetracyclic triterpene saponins, are synthesized from dammarenediol-II after hydroxylation by cytochrome P450 (CYP) and then glycosylation by a glycosyltransferase. Protopanaxadiol synthase, which is a CYP enzyme (CYP716A47) that catalyzes the hydroxylation of dammarenediol-II at the C-12 position to yield protopanaxadiol, was recently characterized. Here, we isolated two additional CYP716A subfamily genes (CYP716A52v2 and CYP716A53v2) and determined that the gene product of CYP716A53v2 is a protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase that catalyzes the formation of protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol during ginsenoside biosynthesis in P. ginseng. Both CYP716A47 and CYP716A53v2 mRNAs accumulated ubiquitously in all organs of ginseng plants. In contrast, CYP716A52v2 mRNA accumulated only in the rhizome. Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment resulted in the obvious accumulation of CYP716A47 mRNA in adventitious roots. However, neither CYP716A52v2 nor CYP716A53v2 mRNA was affected by MeJA treatment during the entire culture period. The ectopic expression of CYP716A53v2 in recombinant WAT21 yeast resulted in protopanaxatriol production after protopanaxadiol was added to the culture medium. In vitro enzymatic activity assays revealed that CYP716A53v2 catalyzed the oxidation of protopanaxadiol to produce protopanaxatriol. The chemical structures of the protopanaxatriol products were confirmed using liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (LC/APCIMS). Our results indicate that the gene product of CYP716A53v2 is a protopanaxadiol 6-hydroxylase that produces protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol, which is an important step in the formation of dammarane-type triterpene aglycones in ginseng saponin biosynthesis.
Thermomagnetic Writing on Gd–Fe and Gd–Fe–Y Amorphous Films (1978)

Thermomagnetic writing on Gd–Fe and Gd–Fe–Y amorphous films was studied.The size of a bit written on a Gd–Fe film is comparatively large (∼6 µm), but saturated bits can be written and erased under a low external magnetic field (∼15 Oe). The addition of Yttrium to Gd–Fe is effective in enhancing the coercivity and reducing the Curie temperature. Small bits(∼1 µm) could be written stably on Gd–Fe–Y amorphous films.
Spatiotemporal Rescue of Memory Dysfunction in <i>Drosophila</i> (2003)

We have developed a method for temporal and regional gene expression targeting (TARGET) in Drosophila and show the simultaneous spatial and temporal rescue of a memory defect. The transient expression of the rutabaga-encoded adenylyl cyclase in the mushroom bodies of the adult brain was necessary and sufficient to rescue the rutabaga memory deficit, which rules out a developmental brain defect in the etiology of this deficit and demonstrates an acute role for rutabaga in memory formation in these neurons. The TARGET system offers general utility in simultaneously addressing issues of when and where gene products are required.