gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic analysis of Aspergillus species using DNA sequences from four loci (2008)

DNA sequences were determined for beta tubulin (BT2), calmodulin (CF), ITS and lsu rDNA (ID) and RNA polymerase II (RPB2) from ca. 460 Aspergillus isolates. RPB2 and rDNA sequences were combined and analyzed to determine relationships in the genus and in the family Trichocomaceae. Eupenicillium species form a statistically supported clade with origins among the Aspergillus clades. A. crystallinus, A. malodoratus and H. paradoxus are members of the Eupenicillium clade. A. zonatus, A. clavatoflvus and W. spinulosa occur in a clade along with Hamigera sp. Other than these exceptional species, Aspergillus species and sections occur on three strongly supported clades that descend from a polytomy. Section Versicolores as a monophyletic group includes only A. versicolor and A. sydowii and is superfluous. The other sections were retained but modified. All four loci were used in genealogical concordance analysis of species boundaries. Fennellia flavipes and F. nivea are not conspecific with their supposed anamorphs A. flavipes and A. nivea. Synonymies were found for some species and more than 20 undescribed taxa were identified in genealogical concordance analysis. Newly discovered taxa will be described elsewhere. Possibly paralogous gene fragments were amplified with the BT2 primers in sections Nidulantes, Usti and Nigri. Use of nonhomologous sequences in genealogical concordance analysis could lead to false conclusions and so BT2 sequences were not used in analysis of those sections.
Proteome Analysis of Membrane and Cell Wall Associated Proteins from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

Pathogenesis of Staphylococcus aureus, an opportunistic human pathogen, is complex and involves many virulence factors including an array of surface proteins (adhesins) that promote bacterial interactions with extracellular matrix components. A better understanding of these interactions can be achieved by studying the expression of membrane and cell wall associated proteins using a proteome analysis approach. To accomplish this, our goal here was to construct a reference map of membrane and cell wall associated proteins for S. aureus. Various lytic and solubilization methods have been tested to identify a suitable methodology for detection of these proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE). Results demonstrate that cell lysis with lysostaphin, which lyses staphylococcal peptidoglycan, followed by solubilization with urea, thiourea, amidosulfobetaine 14 (ASB 14) and dithiothreitol (DTT) is an effective method, yielding a sample comprising proteins of wide molecular ranges and isoelectric points with minimum contamination from cytosolic proteins. Mass spectrometric analysis was employed to identify the membrane and cell surface proteins present in the sample and consequently an initial proteomic map of membrane and cell wall associated proteins for S. aureus is presented.
Sleep problems of children with pervasive developmental disorders: correlation with parental stress (2006)

This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of sleep problems in Chinese children with pervasive developmental disorders (PDD) in Hong Kong and their relationship to parental stress. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in six child assessment centres. All parents of the children with PDD completed the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, and questions on sleep practice. A total of 210 out of 250 questionnaires (response rate 84%) were returned. Mean age of the children was 3 years 6 months (SD 1 y 4 mo; range 2 y-7 y 7 mo; 168 males, 25 females). The prevalence of parent-defined sleep problems in various sleep domains ranged from 9.3 to 45.6%, with 67.9% of children having significant problems in at least one sleep domain. The most common problems reported were bedtime resistance and parasomnias. Similar sleep problems occurred in all the PDD subgroups. The factor most significantly associated with sleep problems was the occurrence of sleep problems before the age of 2 years. The parents of children with PDD with sleep problems experienced a higher level of stress than those whose children had no sleep problems. A high prevalence of significant sleep problems was reported in Chinese children in Hong Kong with PDD. A higher stress level among the parents of those children with PDD with sleep problems suggests the need for systematic early detection and management of sleep problems in children with PDD.
First-line boosted protease inhibitor-based regimens in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected patients--making a good thing better. (2010)

Lopinavir/ritonavir has been the recommended boosted protease inhibitor for treatment-naive individuals in all guidelines since its approval in the year 2000. More recently, the rest of ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors (namely lopinavir once-daily, fosamprenavir, saquinavir, atazanavir, and darunavir) have demonstrated non-inferior antiviral efficacy at 48 weeks than lopinavir twice-daily. Overall, all ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors display a high genetic and pharmacological barrier to resistance development and protect the rest of the drugs on board in the regimen, achieving similar CD4 count gains among them. During the last year, studies conducted with atazanavir and darunavir have demonstrated superior virologic efficacy against lopinavir at 96 weeks in their pivotal trials. These two protease inhibitors provide significant improvements in triglycerides and gastrointestinal toxicity, together with simpler once-daily formulations, compared to lopinavir. In the case of atazanavir, this is mainly driven by a lower rate of discontinuations due to drug-related side effects, as pure antiviral efficacy is essentially similar to lopinavir. Furthermore, the gastrointestinal intolerance of lopinavir is actually compensated by an increased risk of hyperbilirubinemia and jaundice with atazanavir, but this is more a cosmetic problem and rarely a cause of drug withdrawal. Darunavir has been licensed to be taken once-daily in treatment-naive patients, and shows significantly better lipid and gastrointestinal tolerance than lopinavir. Robust sensitivity analysis with darunavir prove superior antiviral efficacy than lopinavir at 96 weeks also when non-virologic failures (toxicity and discontinuations) are censored, or when only patients receiving lopinavir twice-daily are included in the estimation. Moreover, darunavir has shown superior antiviral efficacy than lopinavir, particularly in three situations of particular clinical concern: high baseline viral load, low baseline CD4 counts, and suboptimal drug adherence. Over the last years, the treatment landscape with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitors as initial HIV therapy has accomplished significant advances, with improved degrees of efficacy, tolerability, and convenience, that should be used to guide treatment choice in first-line antiretroviral therapy.
Encoderless Control of Industrial Servo Drives (2006)

High resolution optical encoders are used in industrial servo drives with position and/or speed control for providing the respective feedback signals. In applications with lower accuracy requirements resolvers are used as feedback sensors with respect to lower cost. As a resolver is nothing else than an electrical AC machine of special design, there is the basic idea to operate the servo motor itself like a resolver -in parallel to its original drive operation, of course. High frequency resolver signals are injected to the servo motor without disturbing its original purpose (i.e. the production of torque). The reaction of the servo motor on the high frequency signals can be detected by the current sensors, which are available with respect to the current control loop anyway. A lot of schemes and concepts for encoderless AC drive control providing good operation during standstill are already published. Acceptance by industry, however, is not very extended. The main reasons for hesitations in industry are • additional processing performance being necessary for the controller or signal processor • additional sensors or hardware • parameters to be adjusted for encoderless control The concept for encoderless control presented in this paper has no restrictions with respect to a minimal speed or frequency. Furthermore it is possible to implement it in industrial servo drives without additional hardware requirements and without parameter adjustments.
Nonlinear prediction of speech (1991)

Measurements were made of the correlation dimension of normally spoken speech from a single speaker, and the results reveal that most of the points in the state space of the signal lie very close to a manifold of a dimensionality of less than three. This result indicates that one should be able to construct a nonlinear predictor for speech that significantly outperforms linear predictors. To validate this conclusion, a nonparametric predictor was constructed which was able to produce a prediction gain approximately 3 dB better than an equivalent linear predictor. Similar improvements in signal-to-noise ratio were also observed when the nonlinear predictor was added to a simple speech coder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extraction of Lignin from Pulping Black Liquor by Organic Acid (2009)

The lignin was extracted and purified by organic acid from pulping black liquor, and the process and influencing factors of extraction and purification were studied. The results of single factor experiments showed that the citric acid which contains three -COOH was suitable to extract and purify lignin. The results of orthogonal experiment demonstrated that the optimal condition of extraction and purification was as follows: citric acid saturated solution, 80°C, pH value of acid evolution endpoint was 3.0. The analysis of FT-IR spectrum, GPC and DSC indicated that the type of lignin extracted by citric acid was G-S, and the lignin was characterized as complete structure, higher molecular weight and Tg. The study on extraction technology of high purity lignin by citric acid method is hopeful to overcome the disadvantages of exorbitant cost and secondary pollution caused by the residues from lignin separation. It could change waste into valuables and put resource utilization of pulping black liquor into practice.
VEGF-induced choroidal damage in a murine model of retinal neovascularisation (2008)

We show that elevated retinal VEGF levels trigger pathophysiological changes in the choroid. We suggest that therapies to prevent vascular damage in diabetes must target both the retinal and choroidal vasculatures.
Implementing QoS Management for Workflow Systems (2002)

Workflow management systems (WfMSs) have been used to support various types of business processes. As organizations adopt new working models, such as e-commerce, new challenges arise for workflow systems. One such challenge is that of quality of service (QoS) management. QoS management includes mechanisms that specify, compute, monitor, and control the quality of service of the products or services to be delivered. A good management of QoS directly impacts the success of organizations participating in e-commerce activities by better fulfilling customer expectations and achieving customer satisfaction. In this paper we present an implementation of a comprehensive QoS model for workflows we have specified earlier. While the implementation is being carried out for the METEOR workflow management system, the ideas presented here can also be applied to other workflow systems. In this work we describe the components that have been changed, or added, and discuss how they interact to enable the specification, computation, and monitoring of QoS.
Effects of Organic Molecules on the Gelatinization Temperature of Starch (1984)

Abstract The effects of organic molecules on the gelatinization temperature of starch in water seem to stem from the electron polarizability of those organic molecules. The same fundamental characteristic is the basis of the explanation for the effects of anions on the gelatinization temperature. The proposed hypothesis is capable to explain the familiar phenomena which arise from the interactions between starch and electrolytes.
Development of the SIBETEX sheet having excellent drawability and paint appearance (1997)

The EBT texturing system introduces the full deterministic surface texture. The wide range of possible EBT textures makes it possible to combine deterministic EBT textures at the tandem and temper mill. The result is a new steel sheet surface with practically no waviness and a high bearing area.The surface effectively holds the lubricant before drawing. Change of the surface texture during drawing relubricates the contact spots between sheet and die. The absence of waviness enhances the hydrodynamic lubrication at lower Stribeck values than for other surfaces. The high initial bearing surface reduces galling. The absence of waviness results in an excellent paint appearance, even for high roughness.
[Production of purified Japanese encephalitis vaccine from Vero cells with roller bottles]. (1998)

Using roller bottles to cultivate continuous cell line-Vero cells for JE vaccine production is feasible.
A NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) to Support the Detection of Trace Explosives (2009)

SRM 2905 Trace Particulate Explosives was developed to simulate the residues produced by handling plastic and military explosives. A series of nine candidate materials were prepared by coating chromatographic supports with either Composition C-4 (containing RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine) and HMX (octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-Tetrazocine)) or TNT (2,4,6-trinitrotoluene). Criteria for selection of the best material for the SRM included: coating efficiency, extractability with organic solvents, thermal storage stability, consistency of the particle size with fingerprint residues, and suitability for calibration of trace explosives detectors. The final base material selected for the SRM was octadecylsilane-modified silica (C(18)) with a nominal 20-30 microm particle size. Four materials comprise the SRM, with two nominal concentrations of explosive, 0.01% and 0.1% (mass fraction) for both C-4 and TNT, respectively. The final certified concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography (LC) with ultraviolet absorbance detection (LC/UV) and a liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method using negative ion atmospheric pressure ionization (APCI(-)) with an acetate ionization additive that improves quantitation. The SRM was tested on a table-top field explosives detector based ion mobility spectrometry (IMS).
Overconfident prediction of future actions and outcomes by self and others. (1990)

In a follow-up study to Dunning, Griffin, Milojkovic, and L. Ross (1990), which had investigated the phenomenon of overconfidence in social prediction, two samples of first-year undergraduates were invited to make predictions about their own future responses (and, in the case of Sample 2, also those of their roommates) over the months ahead. These predictions were accompanied by confidence estimates and were evaluated in the light of actual responses reported later by the subjects in question. The primary finding was that self-predictions, like social predictions, proved to be consistently overconfident. As in Dunning et al., moreover, overconfidence could be traced to two sources. First, expressions of particularly high confidence rarely proved to be warranted; as confidence increased, the gap between accuracy and confidence widened. Second, predictions that went against relevant base rates yielded very low accuracy in the face of relatively unattenuated confidence levels. The implications of these results are discussed, and one potentially important underlying mechanism--the failure to make adequate inferential allowance for the uncertainties of situational construal--is proposed for further research.
Differential privacy for real smart metering data (2016)

The collection of detailed consumption data through smart metering has led to privacy concerns. Aggregating the consumption data over a number of smart meters can be used to strike a balance between functional and privacy requirements. A number of contributions have proposed the use of differential privacy in smart metering to perturb aggregates in order to provide a proven privacy property for end consumers. However, as differential privacy has originally been proposed for very large datasets, the applicability in real-world smart metering is not guaranteed. In this paper, the effect of differential privacy on real smart metering data is studied, especially with respect to balancing utility and privacy requirements. The main finding is that even after some improvements of the basic method the aggregation group size must be of the order of thousands of smart meters in order to have reasonable utility.
Secure Call and Return Instructions for Mimicry Attack Detection (2012)

There are many methods to detect buffer overflow using host-based intrusion detection systems or compiler extensions. Some attacks, however, can avoid these defense systems. 'Mimicry Attacks' is one of such attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel method to detect Mimicry Attacks. Our proposed method is able to detect invalid control data (frame pointer and return address on the call stack) overwritten by Mimicry Attacks. To achieve this detection, we extend call and return instructions with our original saving and checking processes respectively. The saving process, which is invoked before called function starts, saves the control data to the invulnerable area. The checking process, which is invoked after called function finishes, compares the saved and real control data. We have implemented our proposed method as software simulation and evaluated its time overhead. The percentage of the processing time for proposed method in each total execution time of gzip, Apache HTTP Server and we are 2.53%, 71.10% and 94.83% respectively.
A method for evaluating the noise temperature of microwave thermal noise sources by introducing an auxiliary transmission line (1988)

A method is proposed to evaluate the noise temperature of a microwave thermal noise source. The noise temperature correction factor due to the transmission line between the termination and the output is expressed in terms of directly measurable parameters. The correction factor is determined by introducing an auxiliary transmission line composed to two lines connected back-to-back, each of which is identical to that of the unknown source.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increase of renal sympathetic nerve activity by metoprolol or propranolol in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (1987)

1 Mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) and renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) were recorded in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2 Infusion of metoprolol (4 mumol kg-1 h-1) or propranolol (1.5 mumol kg-1 h-1) reduced HR and significantly increased RSNA. 3 Administration of metoprolol caused a sustained decrease of MAP starting in the third hour of infusion. In contrast, administration of propranolol induced a biphasic response in MAP. It is suggested that the increase of RSNA after both beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs is due to a decrease in arterial baroreceptor activity.
The Basics of Brain Development (2010)

Over the past several decades, significant advances have been made in our understanding of the basic stages and mechanisms of mammalian brain development. Studies elucidating the neurobiology of brain development span the levels of neural organization from the macroanatomic, to the cellular, to the molecular. Together this large body of work provides a picture of brain development as the product of a complex series of dynamic and adaptive processes operating within a highly constrained, genetically organized but constantly changing context. The view of brain development that has emerged from the developmental neurobiology literature presents both challenges and opportunities to psychologists seeking to understand the fundamental processes that underlie social and cognitive development, and the neural systems that mediate them. This chapter is intended to provide an overview of some very basic principles of brain development, drawn from contemporary developmental neurobiology, that may be of use to investigators from a wide range of disciplines.
Food and Environment (2018)

Recent studies related the link between food consumption and impacts on environment and health. These may present variations according to the dietary patterns of different populations. This chapter assesses the impacts of six dietary patterns while emphasizing protein overconsumption and sustainability of food systems in a world where one billion people are hungry and several more suffer from conditions related to obesity. The chapter shows the nutritional disparity existent in different dietary patterns and potential to make changes. Changes in dietary patterns are an opportunity to contribute for environmental and health benefits. The analysis was based on a set of environmental indicators such as greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and land use demand, while providing a nutritional balance. The methodology comprehended a life cycle assessment in order to quantify the GHG emissions and the land use demand for food production. Finally, a review is made to focus on the benefits of shifting from current diet patterns to more sustainable ones, such as the Mediterranean.
Carotenoid Composition and Two New 4-ketolutein Isomers in the Integuments of the Red Tilefish <i>Branchiostegus japonicus</i> (1998)

Carotenoids in the integuments of the red tileflsh Branchiostegus japonicus were investigated. Two new keto carotenoids, 4-ketolutein D [(3S, 3'S, 6'S)-3, 3'-dihydroxy-β, ε-caroten-4-one] and 4-ketolutein F [(3S, 3'R, 6'S)-3, 3'-dihydroxy-β, e-caroten-4-one] have been isolated along with the 19 known carotenoids. Astaxanthins (35.8% of the total carotenoid) and tunaxanthins (34.5%) were found to be major components. However tilefishxanthins I, II, III, and IV have not been found in our analysis.
Track, Then Decide: Category-Agnostic Vision-Based Multi-Object Tracking (2018)

The most common paradigm for vision-based multi-object tracking is tracking-by-detection, due to the availability of reliable detectors for several important object categories such as cars and pedestrians. However, future mobile systems will need a capability to cope with rich human-made environments, in which obtaining detectors for every possible object category would be infeasible. In this paper, we address the problem of class-agnostic multi-object tracking using generic object proposals. We present an efficient segmentation mask-based tracker which associates pixel-precise masks reported by the segmentation. Our approach can utilize semantic information whenever it is available for classifying objects at the track level, while retaining the capability to track generic unknown objects in the absence of such information. We demonstrate experimentally that our approach achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art tracking-by-detection methods for popular object categories such as cars and pedestrians. Additionally, we show that the proposed method can discover and robustly track a large variety of other objects.