gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transplacental genotoxicity of diethylstilbestrol (1991)

Diethylstilbestrol (DES) is a transplacental carcinogen in humans and in rodents. As part of an attempt to examine the mechanism of transplacental carcinogenesis, the transplacental genotoxity of this stilbene estrogen has been investigated. Pregnant hamsters received single injections of 200 mg/kg DES on the 10th day of gestation and were killed 5 or 24 h after treatment. The maternal organs were found to contain the same DES-DNA adduct patterns observed previously by 32P-postlabeling analysis in female hamsters. These adduct patterns, generated by the genotoxic metabolite diethylstilbestrol-4',4h'-quinone (DES Q), were also observed in fetal heart and kidney DNA. In fetal liver DNA, this modified nucleotide, generated by the quinone, was only the minor adduct. The major DNA adduct in this organ was not observed previously and may have been generated by an unknown DES metabolite. The data demonstrate that DES is a transplacentally active genotoxic agent. They also provide evidence for fetal metabolism of DES to DES Q and to other unknown genotoxic intermediates.
Storage management for an implementation of SNOBOL4 (1977)

Abstract The implementation of the SNOBOL4 programming language requires some scheme for dynamic allocation and reclamation of storage. This paper describes the method used in a machine‐dependent implementation of SNOBOL4 called SITBOL. Available storage is divided into two regions: one for the allocation of storage for permanent or immovable objects and one for objects that are subject to reclamation. Reclamation is accomplished by a four‐phase algorithm, which includes marking, address adjustment and compaction. The reclamation process is supplemented by several heuristics that reduce the cost of reclamation and increase the amount of storage reclaimed. The storage overhead of the technique is analysed and compared with an alternate method. Some empirical measurements of actual SNOBOL4 programs are given that substantiate the results of the analysis.
A User Attestation System Using a Cellular Phone Equipped with Digital Camera (2010)

For accessing Internet, a reusable password method is frequently used because of its simplicity. This reusable password method is very vulnerable. In recent years, with the explosive growth of the Internet user, user passwords are often incorrect handled and this attestation system is very dangerous. To solve these vulnerability problems of the attestation system, the one-time password, biometric system, and other methods using IC or LSI chips have been developed to build more complex authentication systems. But, still remain many problems such as system complexity and certification costs. In order to provide a low-cost and simple user attestation method, we propose a new method with strong authentication by using digital camera of cellular phone. In this paper, we present the system outline and the characteristics of the proposed system. The efficiency of the proposed attestation method is confirmed by an experimental prototype system.
Recent advances in Dirac spin-gapless semiconductors (2018)

Spin-gapless semiconductors (SGSs), the new generation of spintronic materials, have received increasing attention recently owing to their various attractive properties such as fully spin-polarization and high carrier mobility. Based on their unique band structures, SGSs can be divided into two types: parabolic and Dirac-like linear. The linear-type SGSs, also called Dirac SGSs (DSGSs), have real massless fermions and dissipation-less transport properties, and thus are regarded as promising material candidates for applications in ultra-fast and ultra-low-power spintronic devices. DSGSs can be further classified into p-state type or d-state type depending on the degree of contribution of either the p-orbitals or d-orbitals to the Dirac states. Considering the importance of the research field and to cover its fast development, we reviewed the advances in DSGSs and proposed our own viewpoints. First, we introduced the computational algorithms of SGSs. Second, we found that the boundaries between DSGSs and Dirac half-metals were frequently blurred. Therefore, a simple classification is proposed in this work. Third, we collected almost all the studies on DSGSs published in the past six years. Finally, we proposed new guidance to search for DSGSs among 3D bulk materials on the basis of our latest results.
Monolithic integration of microlensed resonantphotodetectors and vertical cavity lasers (1998)

Monolithic integration of high performance microlensed resonant photodetectors and vertical cavity lasers (VCLs) from a single epitaxial growth is presented. The VCLs have sub-200 µA threshold currents. Adjacent detectors have the same operating wavelength and responsivities of ~0.4 A/W with ~6 nm optical bandwidths.
Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program, Pilot Study (SHEP-PS): morbidity and mortality experience. (1986)

SHEP-Pilot Study, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of drug therapy for isolated systolic hypertension, followed 551 participants aged 60 years or more with untreated blood pressures of greater than or equal to 160/less than 90 mmHg for an average of 34 months. Mean age was 72 years, 63% were female and 82% white. Pretreatment blood pressures averaged 172/75 mmHg. As their Step I drug, 443 participants were assigned chlorthalidone and 108 placebo. Of 512 surviving participants, 80% and 84% of the chlorthalidone and placebo groups, respectively, attended their last clinic visit; 71% and 60% were still taking blinded drug; and 60% and 33% had systolic blood pressures less than 160 mmHg. Final blood pressures averaged 140/67 and 154/72 mmHg for the chlorthalidone and placebo groups, respectively. All-cause mortality rates were 25 and 23 deaths per 1000 participant-years of risk, respectively; rates for 'definite' first strokes were 8.3 and 13 deaths. Differences between chlorthalidone and placebo groups were significant for blood pressure but not for event rates.
RanBP3 enhances nuclear export of active β-catenin independently of CRM1 (2005)

beta-Catenin is the nuclear effector of the Wnt signaling cascade. The mechanism by which nuclear activity of beta-catenin is regulated is not well defined. Therefore, we used the nuclear marker RanGTP to screen for novel nuclear beta-catenin binding proteins. We identified a cofactor of chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1)-mediated nuclear export, Ran binding protein 3 (RanBP3), as a novel beta-catenin-interacting protein that binds directly to beta-catenin in a RanGTP-stimulated manner. RanBP3 inhibits beta-catenin-mediated transcriptional activation in both Wnt1- and beta-catenin-stimulated human cells. In Xenopus laevis embryos, RanBP3 interferes with beta-catenin-induced dorsoventral axis formation. Furthermore, RanBP3 depletion stimulates the Wnt pathway in both human cells and Drosophila melanogaster embryos. In human cells, this is accompanied by an increase of dephosphorylated beta-catenin in the nucleus. Conversely, overexpression of RanBP3 leads to a shift of active beta-catenin toward the cytoplasm. Modulation of beta-catenin activity and localization by RanBP3 is independent of adenomatous polyposis coli protein and CRM1. We conclude that RanBP3 is a direct export enhancer for beta-catenin, independent of its role as a CRM1-associated nuclear export cofactor.
The human homolog of the glomerulosclerosis gene Mpv17: structure and genomic organization (1993)

Mice carrying a retroviral insert in both alleles of the Mpv17 gene develop glomerulosclerosis and nephrotic syndrome at young age. Thus, the Mpv17 gene is a recessive disease gene in mice and this mouse strain is a potential animal model for glomerular diseases in man. We here describe the isolation and analysis of a human homolog of this gene. By interspecies hybridisation cDNA clones representing a single RNA species were isolated from human liver. Sequence analysis revealed over 90% identify in a region coding for a protein of 176 amino acids and unknown function in both species. Cloning of the genomic locus revealed a single copy gene which we mapped to the short arm of chromosome 2 at band 2p23-p21. Determination of the intron-exon structure and the junction sequences enabled us to establish a PCR based procedure to isolate the coding region from human genomic DNA. Thus, it is now possible to analyse patients suffering from candidate diseases on the basis of a blood sample if biopsy material is not available.
Spherical parametrization and remeshing (2003)

The traditional approach for parametrizing a surface involves cutting it into charts and mapping these piecewise onto a planar domain. We introduce a robust technique for directly parametrizing a genus-zero surface onto a spherical domain. A key ingredient for making such a parametrization practical is the minimization of a stretch-based measure, to reduce scale-distortion and thereby prevent undersampling. Our second contribution is a scheme for sampling the spherical domain using uniformly subdivided polyhedral domains, namely the tetrahedron, octahedron, and cube. We show that these particular semi-regular samplings can be conveniently represented as completely regular 2D grids, i.e. geometry images. Moreover, these images have simple boundary extension rules that aid many processing operations. Applications include geometry remeshing, level-of-detail, morphing, compression, and smooth surface subdivision.
Silicon–nitrogen compounds. Part VII. N-silyl derivatives of aniline (1969)

N-Phenyldisilazane, (SiH3)2NPh, has been prepared from aniline and iodosilane; it is a very weak Lewis base. With less than 1 mol. of hydrogen chloride below –20°, it gives N-phenylsilylamine, SiH3NHPh. In the range 325–380° and at 90° respectively, the new compounds decompose to yield silane and hydrogen. A mechanism involving initial disproportionation about silicon is proposed, and the probable nature of the involatile products is inferred. I.r. and mass spectra are reported and discussed.
Fusion of Multispectral and SAR images by Intensity Modulation (2004)

This paper presents a novel multi-sensor image fusion algorithm, which extends pan-sharpening of multispectral (MS) data through intensity modulation to the integration of MS and SAR imagery. The method relies on SAR texture, extracted by ratioing the despeckled SAR image to its lowpass approximation. SAR texture is used to modulate the generalized intensity (GI) of the MS image, which is given by a linear transform extending Intensity-Hue-Saturation (IHS) transform to an arbitrary number of bands. Before modulation, the GI is enhanced by injection of highpass details extracted from the available Pan image by means of the &quot; a-trous&quot; wavelet decomposition. The texturemodulated pan-sharpened GI replaces the GI calculated from the resampled original MS data; then the inverse transform is applied to obtain the fusion product. Experimental results are presented on Landsat-7/ETM+ and ERS-2 images of an urban area. The results demonstrate accurate spectral preservation on vegetated regions, bare soil, and also on textured areas (buildings and road network) where SAR texture information enhances the fusion product, which can be usefully applied for both visual analysis and classification purposes.
Integrin CD11b activation drives anti-tumor innate immunity (2018)

Myeloid cells are recruited to damaged tissues where they can resolve infections and tumor growth or stimulate wound healing and tumor progression. Recruitment of these cells is regulated by integrins, a family of adhesion receptors that includes integrin CD11b. Here we report that, unexpectedly, integrin CD11b does not regulate myeloid cell recruitment to tumors but instead controls myeloid cell polarization and tumor growth. CD11b activation promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization by stimulating expression of microRNA Let7a. In contrast, inhibition of CD11b prevents Let7a expression and induces cMyc expression, leading to immune suppressive macrophage polarization, vascular maturation, and accelerated tumor growth. Pharmacological activation of CD11b with a small molecule agonist, Leukadherin 1 (LA1), promotes pro-inflammatory macrophage polarization and suppresses tumor growth in animal models of murine and human cancer. These studies identify CD11b as negative regulator of immune suppression and a target for cancer immune therapy.
Adventitious bud formation and plantlet regeneration from leaves of fig (<i>Ficus carica</i>L.) (2003)

SummaryLeaf fragments of fig (Ficus carica L. 'Masui Dauphine') regenerated from in vitro shoot culture were excised and inoculated on MS medium supplemented with different combinations of 2, 4-D, TDZ, and 0.5 mM phloroglucinol. Addition of 2, 4-D induced root formation directly on the explant, and the presence of phloroglucinol significantly increased root formation. When a combination of 2, 4-D and TDZ was added to MS medium containing phloroglucinol, the explants started to produce adventitious buds at the edges. The addition of phloroglucinol was effective in inducing adventitious bud formation. Excised shoots were rooted successfully in MS medium that was either hormone free or supplemented with 1.0 mg l–1 indolebutyric acid. Regenerated plantlets were successfully established in soil after a short period of acclimatization. This is the first protocol of organogenesis and plant regeneration from vegetative organs of Ficus carica L.
Context-Based Classification of Cell Nuclei and Tissue Regions in Liver Histopathology. (2011)

This paper presents a novel technique for classifying both cell nuclei and tissue regions in liver specimens by incorporating context information, linking cell nuclei and tissue regions using Bayesian networks. The method works in two stages: (i) initial classification of cell nuclei and tissue regions; and (ii) integrating the initial classifications using a Bayesian network to enforce consistancy (thus including context). Results demonstrate that our method of incorporating context information is superior to the classification that uses only object based features for both nucleus and region classification.
An address translation simulator (2005)

Virtual memory is a major topic in undergraduate operating systems courses. One aspect of virtual memory, address translation, is often covered in an abstract way. When examples are given, only a piece of the translation is done, using a small translation lookaside buffer or a small single-level page table. Since most students learn best by doing rather than watching, the topic is best understood by having students do realistic address translations. This is problematic since it involves lookup from several large tables of data which are difficult to fit on a piece of paper. The address translation simulator described here solves this problem by presenting the student with complete page tables in a way that allows simple navigation of these tables. The simulator can be used for both teaching and student evaluation.
Soluble suppressor supernatants elaborated by concanavalin A-activated human mononuclear cells. I. Characterization of a soluble suppressor T cell proliferation. (1981)

When activated with the mitogenic lectin, concanavalin A, a subset of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells differentiate into potent suppressor cells that negatively modulate both cellular and humoral immune reactions. In addition to inhibitory cell-cell interactions, these regulatory cells elaborate a soluble immune suppressor supernatant (SISS) containing at lest 2 distinct suppressor factors. One of these factors, SISS-T, inhibits mitogen- and antigen-stimulated T cell proliferation, whereas the other, SISS-B, inhibits B cell immunoglobulin production. Characteristics of the latter inhibitor are reported in the companion paper. Properties of the soluble suppressor of T cell proliferation (SISS-T) include: 1) a m.w. of 30 to 45,000, 2) inhibition by a noncytotoxic mechanism, 3) instability at 56 degrees C, 4) loss of activity in the presence of the monosaccharide N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and retention on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine affinity columns, 5) binding to the same surface glycoprotein receptors recognized by the lectins wheat germ agglutinin and Agaricus bisporus lectin, which produce similar inhibition of mitogen- or antigen-induced lymphocyte proliferation, 6) elaboration by cells irradiated with 500 and 2000 R but not 6000 R, 7) a minimum requirement for 24 hr of lectin stimulation for production, and 8) elaboration by adherent cells or alternatively cellular collaboration requiring the participation of adherent cells. These data indicate that human suppressor cells are capable of modulating T cell function via the production of a soluble saccharide-specific factor(s) that interacts with defined surface glycoprotein or glycolipid receptors. These same receptors recognized by the suppressive endogenous lectin are also activated by selected exogenous nonmitogenic lectins that produce similar inhibition of T cell metabolism.
Hyperspectral projection of a coral reef scene using the NIST hyperspectral image projector (2009)

Improving the understanding of the optical scene components associated with coral reef imagery will advance the ability to map and monitor coral reefs using remote sensing. One tool that can aid in understanding the components in these scenes is the NIST Hyperspectral Image Projector (HIP). In this paper a hyperspectral scene is reformatted for projection using the HIP by first unmixing image spectra into endmembers. The abundance images representing each of the endmembers are then projected using the NIST HIP and collected by a hyperspectral imager. Since the scene is from a digital source, it can be used repeatedly without concern for changing measurement conditions. This work represents one of the first steps in developing scene projection capabilities that can be used for sensor characterization, algorithm testing or to have optical components changed independently in order to better understand the overall effects on the total observed scene.
Expression and secretion of a prokaryotic protein streptokinase without glycosylation and degradation in <i>Schizosaccharomyces pombe</i> (2004)

Streptokinase (SK) is an important thrombolytic protein that is secreted by pathogenic strains of Streptococcus. Expression of streptokinase has been so far attempted in Pichia pastoris, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and shown to yield protein that was either highly glycosylated or degraded. Since the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe, shares several molecular characteristics with higher eukaryotes, we decided to express the streptokinase gene in this yeast. A chimeric gene comprising the signal sequence of the Plus pheromone of Sz. pombe fused in-frame with the mature streptokinase from Streptococcus sp. was constructed and inserted into the expression vector containing the thiamine-regulated promoter. We obtained a high level of expression of streptokinase comparable to that in E. coli and P. pastoris, with 50-100% processing of the signal sequence and secretion of the mature streptokinase into the periplasmic fraction. The mature enzyme co-migrates with the authentic mature SK in SDS gels, lacks any major modification and is functional. Importantly, a higher level of expression under stationary phase conditions and improved extractability of the mature and undegraded streptokinase was achieved in a novel mutant of Sz. pombe defective for a potent extracellular protease activity. We suggest that the unique vector/strain system developed here could be advantageous for large-scale production of prokaryotic proteins without significant modification or degradation in Sz. pombe.
Characterization of VIP‐sensitive adenylate cyclase in guinea pig brain (1977)

This paper demonstrates that VIP activates an adenylate cyclase from a synaptosomal fraction of guinea pig brain. This activation was not potentiated by guanyl triphosphate nucleotides, and was unaffected by α- and β-adrenergic blockers and by atropine. Furthermore, peptides related to VIP, like secretin, glucagon and somatostatin, were devoid of significant agonistic or antagonistic activity. EGTA was also without effect on basal and VIP stimulated activities while calcium at concentrations higher than 10-5 M inhibited both activities.
Competition Studies Confirm Two Major Barriers That Can Preclude the Spread of Resistance to Quorum-Sensing Inhibitors in Bacteria (2014)

The growing threat of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial therapies. Antivirulence agents that target group-beneficial traits in microorganisms (i.e., phenotypes that help the cells surrounding the producer cell instead of selfishly benefiting only the producer cell) represent a new antimicrobial approach that may be robust against the spread of resistant mutants. One prominent group-beneficial antivirulence target in bacteria is quorum sensing (QS). While scientists are producing new QS inhibitors (QSIs) at an increasing pace for use as research tools and potential therapeutic leads, substantial work remains in empirically demonstrating a robustness against resistance. Herein we report the results of in vitro competition studies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that explicitly confirm that two separate barriers can impede the spread of resistance to QSIs: (1) insufficient native QS signal levels prevent rare QSI-resistant bacteria from expressing their QS regulon, and (2) group-beneficial QS-regulated phenotypes produced by resistant bacteria are susceptible to cheating by QSI-sensitive neighbors, even when grown on a solid substrate with limited mixing to mimic infected tissue. These results underscore the promise of QSIs and other antivirulence molecules that target group beneficial traits as resistance-robust antimicrobial treatments and provide support for their further development.
Endurance Training in Humans Leads to Fiber Type-Specific Increases in Levels of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ Coactivator-1 and Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-α in Skeletal Muscle (2003)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) can induce mitochondria biogenesis and has been implicated in the development of oxidative type I muscle fibers. The PPAR isoforms alpha, beta/delta, and gamma control the transcription of genes involved in fatty acid and glucose metabolism. As endurance training increases skeletal muscle mitochondria and type I fiber content and fatty acid oxidative capacity, our aim was to determine whether these increases could be mediated by possible effects on PGC-1 or PPAR-alpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma. Seven healthy men performed 6 weeks of endurance training and the expression levels of PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha, -beta/delta, and -gamma mRNA as well as the fiber type distribution of the PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha proteins were measured in biopsies from their vastus lateralis muscle. PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha mRNA expression increased by 2.7- and 2.2-fold (P < 0.01), respectively, after endurance training. PGC-1 expression was 2.2- and 6-fold greater in the type IIa than in the type I and IIx fibers, respectively. It increased by 2.8-fold in the type IIa fibers and by 1.5-fold in both the type I and IIx fibers after endurance training (P < 0.015). PPAR-alpha was 1.9-fold greater in type I than in the II fibers and increased by 3.0-fold and 1.5-fold in these respective fibers after endurance training (P < 0.001). The increases in PGC-1 and PPAR-alpha levels reported in this study may play an important role in the changes in muscle mitochondria content, oxidative phenotype, and sensitivity to insulin known to be induced by endurance training.