gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-layer adaptive scanning algorithms for IEEE 802.11 networks (2011)

In wireless communication, the discovery of the surrounding access points is crucial to provide seamless connectivity to mobile users. In IEEE 802.11, this discovery process is performed by passive and active scanning functions. For both, timers are usually constant (within the 802.11 driver) and their configuration affects the two main scanning performance metrics, i.e., scanning latency and scanning failure. In order to manage this trade-off, we propose a couple of adaptive scanning algorithms that are aware of the access point's signal power and congestion level using cross-layer information from the physical layer. As shown by experimentation in a real testbed, this allows a faster topology discovery while mostly reducing the failure rate.
Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM): Instrumentation and Applications (1992)

Abstract The new and novel techniques of fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI)∗∗ and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) provide the investigator with the capacity to quantitate two-dimensional fluorescence intensity distributions and lifetimes. The concept, theory, and instrumentation of FLI and FLIM are reviewed in this paper. The implementation of FLIM instrumentation with conventional and confocal microscopic systems is discussed. These instruments permit the quantitative measurement of molecular interactions and chemical environment from samples in biological, physical, and environmental sciences. Numerous applications in the biomedical sciences for FLIM instrumentation are also discussed. ∗∗ We refer to the measurement of fluorescence lifetime images for macrosamples (e.g., cuvette) without use of a microscope as fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI). whereas measurements obtained with a microscope are termed fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM).
Multipoint BFD for MPLS (2012)

Recent proposals have extended the use of Bidirectional Forwarding
Detection to detect data plane failures in multipoint networks. One
desirable application of Multipoint BFD [MP-BFD] is to detect data
path failures in point-to-multipoint Label Switched Paths (P2MP LSPs).
The scope of this document is to discuss the applicability of
multipoint BFD for fault detection in the data plane of P2MP LSPs. The
document extends the techniques and mechanisms mentioned in [RFC5884]
and applies them to MPLS P2MP environment.
Droplet-Based Microfluidic Flow Injection System with Large-Scale Concentration Gradient by a Single Nanoliter-Scale Injection for Enzyme Inhibition Assay (2011)

We described a microfluidic chip-based system capable of generating droplet array with a large scale concentration gradient by coupling flow injection gradient technique with droplet-based microfluidics. Multiple modules including sample injection, sample dispersion, gradient generation, droplet formation, mixing of sample and reagents, and online reaction within the droplets were integrated into the microchip. In the system, nanoliter-scale sample solution was automatically injected into the chip under valveless flow injection analysis mode. The sample zone was first dispersed in the microchannel to form a concentration gradient along the axial direction of the microchannel and then segmented into a linear array of droplets by immiscible oil phase. With the segmentation and protection of the oil phase, the concentration gradient profile of the sample was preserved in the droplet array with high fidelity. With a single injection of 16 nL of sample solution, an array of droplets with concentration gradient spanning 3-4 orders of magnitude could be generated. The present system was applied in the enzyme inhibition assay of β-galactosidase to preliminarily demonstrate its potential in high throughput drug screening. With a single injection of 16 nL of inhibitor solution, more than 240 in-droplet enzyme inhibition reactions with different inhibitor concentrations could be performed with an analysis time of 2.5 min. Compared with multiwell plate-based screening systems, the inhibitor consumption was reduced 1000-fold.
PET/MR: improvement of the UTE μ-maps using modified MLAA (2015)

For a quantitative analysis in positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), attenuation correction (AC) is mandatory. CTscans or transmission scans are common tools for determination of the attenuation μ-map, but in the case of a PET/MR hybrid system it is difficult to associate one of these scans. Many techniques have been developed in order to improve AC for PET/MR. Some methods are based on template- or atlas techniques, other methods apply a segmentation technique based on Dixon or UTE (Ultrashort Echo Time) MR to create the μ-map, followed by a standard OSEM reconstruction (OSEM/DIXON and OSEM/UTE). A different approach for AC has been developed by employing the emission sinogram data in the μ-map derivation. In this context, we modified the iterative MLAA (Maximum-Likelihood reconstruction of Attenuation and Activity) algorithm to improve the resulting emission image from the PET/MR system. We constrained the attenuation map update using the UTE μ-map and the T1-weighted (T1w) MR image in order to improve convergence towards a solution. Results show that the modified MLAA algorithm improved the estimated emission image compared to standard OSEM/UTE and OSEM/DIXON. In certain regions of the brain, in particular close to the skull and the air cavities, the modified MLAA algorithm generated less error than OSEM/UTE and OSEM/Dixon. The modified MLAA algorithm is able to compute an attenuation μ-map that is slightly more similar to the aligned CT μ-map than the UTE μ-map.
Ultrasensitive nanoparticle detection using a portable whispering gallery mode biosensor driven by a periodically poled lithium-niobate frequency doubled distributed feedback laser (2010)

We demonstrate a significant reduction in the limit of label-free detection of individual viral-sized nanoparticles in aqueous solution through the use of a frequency doubled telecom laser constructed from a distributed feedback-periodically poled lithium-niobate (DFB-PPLN) union. By driving a whispering gallery mode biosensor near a wavelength of 650 nm with this device we have detected real-time adsorption steps for particles 36 nm in radius with a signal to noise ratio of 8. The noise equivalent detection limit is ∼20 ag (17 nm radius). This new lower limit is attributed to the ultralow resonance wavelength noise [(Δλ(r))(rms)/λ(r)<10(-9)] associated with the use of the DFB-PPLN device.
Use of Telemetry Blood Pressure Transmitters to Measure Intracranial Pressure (ICP) in Freely Moving Rats (2009)

Stroke and traumatic brain injuries often lead to cerebral edema and persistent elevations in intracranial pressure (ICP) that can be life threatening. Thus, rodent models would benefit from a simple and reliable method to measure ICP in awake, mobile animals. Up to now most techniques have been limited to anesthetized or immobile animals, which is not practical for following the prolonged elevations in ICP that follow stroke and traumatic brain injury. With an initial set of data, we describe a simple method that uses blood pressure telemetry sensors, which are commercially available (Data Sciences Int.) to measure ICP in freely moving rats for several days following implantation. Basically, an epidural cannula is secured to the skull and connected to the catheter of the telemetry probe, which is then secured inside a protective plastic shield on the skull. We confirm the sensitivity of our measurements by experimentally modifying ICP by either the Valsalva maneuver (abdominal compression) or a large ischemic brain injury. The Valsalva maneuver caused a small brief spike in ICP (lasting about 2-3 sec), whereas a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion substantially increased ICP (up to 50 mmHg) for approximately 3 days post-surgery. In summary, the current method allows for ICP to be continuously monitored in rats for several days, and thus is suitable for studies investigating mechanisms of raised ICP and in testing experimental treatments that mitigate it.
Parametric coding of texture in multi-view videos for 3DTV (2015)

In this paper, a parametric texture based video coding scheme is proposed for multi-view videos. The proposed scheme exploits the perceptual redundancy of the textured region in a statistical manner which is ignored in the multi-view video coding scheme of H.264/MVC. This statistical nature of texture is independent of the 3D scene structure. The set of most similar texture macroblocks over different frames is termed as a motion thread. In the proposed scheme, each P slice/frame of multi-view video is categorized into non-texture blocks which are encoded by H.264/MVC and texture blocks which are encoded by our novel approach. These texture based motion threads are encoded with the help of Spatio-Temporal Autoregressive (STAR) model. These motion threads covers the temporal and interview movement of macroblocks maintaining consistency while STAR model exploits the temporal and inter-view perceptual redundancy in neighborhood. The proposed scheme achieves average gain as high as 4.9 dB PSNR over H.264/MVC for given multi-view videos.
THz Radiation Measurement with HTSC Josephson Junction Detector Matched to Planar Antenna (2020)

Superconducting Josephson junctions have major advantages as detectors of millimeter wave radiation. Frequency of the radiation can be easily derived from the Shapiro steps of the current-voltage characteristics. However, system performance is highly sensitive to impedance mismatch between the antenna and the junction; therefore, optimization is essential. We analyzed and implemented an improved antenna structure, in which the junction is displaced from the antenna center and placed between the ends of two matching strips. Based on theoretical analysis and advanced electromagnetic simulations, we optimized strip dimensions, which affect both the detection magnitude and the frequency of the reflection coefficient dip. Accordingly, two Au bow-tie antennas with different matching strip widths were fabricated. Superconducting Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide (YBCO) thin films were deposited exactly at the bicrystal substrate misorientation points, forming Josephson junctions at the ends of two matching strips. We found a very high correlation between the simulations and the response to Radio Frequency (RF) radiation in the range of 145–165 GHz. Experimental results agree extremely well with the design, showing best performance of both antennas around the frequency for which impedance matching was derived.
Bovine leukemia virus: an exogenous RNA oncogenic virus. (1976)

Short-term cultures of bovine leukemic lymphocytes release virus particles with biochemical properties of RNA oncogenic viruses. These particles, tentatively called bovine leukemia virus (BLV), have a high molecular weight RNA-reverse transcriptase complex and a density of 1.155 g/ml in sucrose solutions. Molecular hybridizations between BLV/[3H]cDNA and several viral RNAs show that BLV is not related to Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, simian sarcoma associated virus, feline leukemia virus, or avian myeloblastosis virus. These results were confirmed by hybridization between BLV 70S RNA and [3H]cDNA synthesized in the various viruses tested. The high preference of BLV reverse transciptase for Mg++ as the divalent cation suggests that BLV might be an atypical mammalian leukemogenic "type C" virus. DNA-DNA hybridization studies using BLV [3H]cDNA as a probe strongly suggest that the DNA of bovine leukemic cells contains viral sequences that cannot be detected in normal bovine DNA.
Measuring Tire Uniformity (1965)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Tire uniformity measurements may be interpreted with some reservations to provide information regarding automobile ride disturbances at frequencies less than 60 cps (tire shake and roughness) and one type of handling disturbance (tire pull).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A list of precautions and recommendations based on present or potential tire specifications is given in the first part of this paper, along with some machine and tire variables influencing numerical force variation values. In the second part, the waveforms of four uniformity measurements, radial force-variation, lateral force-variation, loaded radial runout, and free radial runout, are compared with the sites of splices in tires and substantial agreement is shown. Are-port on the capabilities and limitation of present day radial and lateral force-variance measuring as shown by the statistical analysis of a series of repeat measurements on two typical lots of passenger tires is given in the third part.</div>
Two-way transmission at 2.488 Gbit/s over a 132 km operational submerged cable using erbium-doped fibre power amplifiers (1990)

The results of a field trial on the UK-Channel Islands No. 7 cable, in which ruggedised, broadband erbium power amplifiers were used to achieve two-way transmission at 2.488 Gbit/s over a 132 km submerged cable is reported.
Enhanced secretion of hydrophobic peptide fused lysozyme by the introduction of <i>N</i>‐glycosylation signal and the disruption of calnexin gene in <i>Saccharomyces</i><i>cerevisiae</i> (1998)

The insertion of a hydrophobic pentapeptide (Phe-Phe-Val-Ala-Pro) into the C-terminus in hen egg white lysozyme by genetic modification resulted in an unstable structure which caused little secretion in a yeast expression system, although this modification is useful to enhance bactericidal action to gram-negative bacteria [Ibrahim et al. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 5059-5063]. To enhance the secretion of the unstable hydrophobic pentapeptide fused lysozymes (H5-Lz), we attempted to introduce the signal sequence (Asn-X-Ser/Thr) of N-linked glycosylation into lysozyme and to suppress the quality control of the unstable mutant in the yeast expression system. The polymannosyl hydrophobic fused lysozyme (H5/G49N-Lz) having the N-glycosylation signal sequence was expressed in the medium at 3.4 times that of unglycosylated lysozyme. Further, the secretion of the unstable mutant lysozyme was done in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae disrupted calnexin gene to avoid the degradation of the unstable mutant by the quality control. Although disruption of the calnexin gene did not lead to gross effects on the levels of growth of S. cerevisiae (W303-1b), the secretion amount of H5/G49N-Lz in calnexin disrupted S. cerevisiae was 2.5 times larger than that in wild type S. cerevisiae. These results suggest that the secretion of unstable glycosylated lysozyme (H5/G49N) was suppressed by the quality control function of calnexin and that the disruption of calnexin is effective to increase the secretion of unstable glycosylated protein.
The multiple, complex roles of versican and its proteolytic turnover by ADAMTS proteases during embryogenesis (2014)

Embryonic development is an exceptionally dynamic process, requiring a provisional extracellular matrix that is amenable to rapid remodeling, and proteolytic or non-proteolytic mechanisms that can remodel the major components of this matrix. Versican is a chondroitin-sulfate proteoglycan that forms highly hydrated complexes with hyaluronan and is widely distributed in the provisional matrix of mammalian embryos. It has been extensively studied in the context of cardiovascular morphogenesis, neural crest cell migration and skeletal development. Analysis of Vcan transgenic mice has established the requirement for versican in cardiac development and its role in skeletogenesis. The ADAMTS family includes several versican-degrading proteases that are active during remodeling of the embryonic provisional matrix, especially during sculpting of versican-rich tissues. Versican is cleaved at specific peptide bonds by ADAMTS proteases, and the cleavage products are detectable by neo-epitope antibodies. Myocardial compaction, closure of the secondary palate (in which neural crest derived cells participate), endocardial cushion remodeling, myogenesis and interdigital web regression are developmental contexts in which ADAMTS-mediated versican proteolysis has been identified as a crucial requirement. ADAMTS proteases are expressed coordinately and function cooperatively in many of these contexts. In addition to versican clearance, ADAMTS proteases generate a bioactive versican fragment containing the N-terminal G1 domain, which we have named versikine. This review promotes the view that the embryonic extracellular matrix has evolved not only to provide a permissive environment for embryo growth and morphogenesis, but through its dissolution to influence and regulate cellular processes.
Abstract 2800: BAY 94-9392 – A new derivative of L-glutamate for tumor specific PET imaging (2011)

Abstract There is a high demand for a tumor specific imaging, staging and therapy monitoring by PET. Currently, FDG (2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose) is the commonly used agent for tumor detection and staging. However, this method cannot differentiate between tumor and inflammatory lesions. In addition, FDG does not accumulate in tumors with low glycolytic activities, such as prostate cancer. It is not optimal for specific detection of brain tumors and metastases due to a high background signal resulting from healthy brain metabolism. The amino acids L-glutamine and L-glutamate as well as their corresponding transporters play a key role in the adapted intermediary metabolism of tumors. We synthesized and evaluated a new PET imaging agent BAY 94-9392, a derivative of L-glutamate. This agent was successfully used for tumor detection with high sensitivity and specificity as demonstrated in various preclinical models. Methods: The radiosynthesis of (4S)-4-(3-[F-18]fluoropropyl)-L-glutamate (BAY 94-9392) was established on a commercial synthesis module. BAY 94-9392 was investigated in a variety of tumor cell lines as well as tumor models for uptake, biodistribution, mode of action, and its potential to differentiate between tumor versus inflammation. Results: BAY 94-9392 is specifically transported by the cystine/glutamate exchanger (xCT, SLC7A11) and it is not metabolized. Compared to FDG, the agent displayed a high accumulation rate in a panel of tumor cells. PET imaging with excellent tumor visualization and high tumor to background ratios was achieved in a variety of preclinical tumor models. BAY 94-9392 did not accumulate in inflammatory lesions, whereas FDG shows a strong uptake in this turpentine oil induced and histopathologically confirmed rat model. Conclusions: BAY 94-9392 is a new, promising tumor specific PET tracer. Both preclinical and clinical studies are in progress for further characterization. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2800. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2800
Tumor Receptor Imaging (2008)

Tumor receptors play an important role in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and have been some of the earliest targets for tumor-specific therapy, for example, the estrogen receptor in breast cancer. Knowledge of receptor expression is key for therapy directed at tumor receptors and traditionally has been obtained by assay of biopsy material. Tumor receptor imaging offers complementary information that includes evaluation of the entire tumor burden and characterization of the heterogeneity of tumor receptor expression. The nature of the ligand-receptor interaction poses a challenge for imaging--notably, the requirement for a low molecular concentration of the imaging probe to avoid saturating the receptor and increasing the background because of nonspecific uptake. For this reason, much of the work to date in tumor receptor imaging has been done with radionuclide probes. In this overview of tumor receptor imaging, aspects of receptor biochemistry and biology that underlie tumor receptor imaging are reviewed, with the estrogen-estrogen receptor system in breast cancer as an illustrative example. Examples of progress in radionuclide receptor imaging for 3 receptor systems--steroid receptors, somatostatin receptors, and growth factor receptors-are highlighted, and recent investigations of receptor imaging with other molecular imaging modalities are reviewed.
The Electrochemical Oxidation of Substituted Catechols (1980)

The oxidation of substituted catechols was studied by cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, rotating ring‐disk electrode, and coulometry. The results showed that the quinones that were formed from the oxidation of substituted catechols reacted with the basic forms of the starting material to yield the dimeric product. These products were generally unstable and rapidly polymerized or underwent some other irreversible reaction to form an electroinactive product. For 3,4‐dihydroxyacetophenone and propriophenone, the intermediate was stable long enough to be observed in cyclic voltammetry. The rate of the coupling reaction was found to correlate well with the Hammett ρ‐σ parameters and indicated that there was substantial negative charge in the transition state. Finally, an analysis of the coulometric n‐values along with the values indicated that the initial coupling product was a diphenyl ether. Analysis of the coulometry products showed extensive polymerization.
[Treatment of infantile cerebral paralysis using transcraniovertebral microelectric stimulation]. (1999)

A new method of therapy of children with cerebral palsy (CP) has been elaborated. Transitory consequent action of weak bipolar low-frequency current (30-100 mcA, 2-10 Hz) on different levels of motor activity regulation (brain and spinal cord, effectory organs) resulted in a stable correction of both motor and other types of disorders in CP patients. Therapeutic course included 2-8 procedures, 1-2 weekly, their duration 3-5 minutes. Depending on the reaction on the transcraniovertebral microelectrostimulation (MES) the patients were divided into fast and slow reactive groups. Different reaction of the children to MES reflected, probably, a variety of pathogenetic CP mechanisms and a mosaic of cerebral damage. Corrective MES action on the patients' brain was polysystemic and was, probably, based on the changes in integral brain mechanisms, voluminous transmission and homeostasis of brain, in particular.
Light field compressive sensing in camera arrays (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach to capture light field in camera arrays based on the compressive sensing framework. Light fields are captured by a linear array of cameras with overlapping field of view. In this work, we design a redundant dictionary to exploit cross-cameras correlated structures to sparsely represent cameras image. Our main contributions are threefold. First, we exploit the correlations between the set of views by making use of a specially designed redundant dictionary. We show experimentally that the projection of complex scenes onto this dictionary yields very sparse coefficients. Second, we propose an efficient compressive encoding scheme based on the random convolution framework [1]. Finally, we develop a joint sparse recovery algorithm for decoding the compressed measurements and show a marked improvement over independent decoding of CS measurements.
<i>HLA-B*13:01</i> Is Associated with Salazosulfapyridine-Induced Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms in Chinese Han Population (2014)

These findings show for the first time that in the Chinese Han population, HLA-B*13:01 is associated with SASP-induced DRESS. HLA-B*13:01 might serve as a potential genetic marker for reducing the prevalence of SASP-induced DRESS.