gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells with the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion System: Preliminary Results (2018)

Triple-negative breast cancer is a phenotype of breast cancer where the expression level of estrogen, progesterone and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) receptors are low or absent. It is more frequently diagnosed in younger and premenopausal women, among which African and Hispanic have a higher rate. Cold atmospheric plasma has revealed its promising ant-cancer capacity over the past two decades. In this study, we report the first cold plasma jet delivered by the Canady Cold Plasma Conversion Unit and characterization of its electric and thermal parameters. The unit effectively reduced the viability of triple-negative breast cancer up to 80% without thermal damage, providing a starting point for future clinical trials.
Theory of the optimally coupled Q-switched laser (1989)

The general equations describing Q-switched laser operation are transcendental in nature and require numerical solutions, which greatly complicates the optimization of real devices. Here, it is shown that, using the mathematical technique of Lagrange multipliers, one can derive simple analytic expressions for all of the key parameters of the optimally coupled laser, i.e. one which uses an optimum reflector to obtain maximum laser efficiency for a given pump level. These parameters can all be expressed as functions of a single dimensionless variable z, defined as the ratio of the unsaturated small-signal gain to the dissipative (nonuseful) optical loss, multiplied by a few simple constants. Laser design tradeoff studies and performance projections can be accomplished quickly with the help of several graphs and a simple hand calculator. Sample calculations for a high-grain Nd:YAG and a low-gain alexandrite laser are presented as illustrations of the technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deferiprone (L1) chelates pathologic iron deposits from membranes of intact thalassemic and sickle red blood cells both in vitro and in vivo (1995)

Red blood cell (RBC) membranes from patients with the thalassemic and sickle hemoglobinopathies carry abnormal deposits of iron presumed to mediate a variety of oxidative-induced membrane dysfunctions. We hypothesized that the oral iron chelator deferiprone (L1), which has an enhanced capacity to permeate cell membranes, might be useful in chelating these pathologic iron deposits from intact RBCs. We tested this hypothesis in vitro by incubating L1 with RBCs from 15 patients with thalassemia intermedia and 6 patients with sickle cell anemia. We found that removal of RBC membrane free iron by L1 increased both as a function of time of incubation and L1 concentration. Thus, increasing the time of incubation of thalassemic RBCs with 0.5 mmol/L L1 from 0.5 to 6 hours, enhanced removal of their membrane free iron from 18% +/- 9% to 96% +/- 4%. Dose-response studies showed that incubating thalassemic RBC for 2 hours with L1 concentrations ranging from 0.125 to 0.5 mmol/L resulted in removal of membrane free iron from 28% +/- 15% to 68% +/- 11%. Parallel studies with sickle RBCs showed a similar pattern in time and dose responses. Deferoxamine (DFO), on the other hand, was ineffective in chelating membrane free iron from either thalassemic or sickle RBCs regardless of dose (maximum, 0.333 mmol/L) or time of incubation (maximum, 24 hours). In vivo efficacy of L1 was shown in six thalassemic patients whose RBC membrane free iron decreased by 50% +/- 29% following a 2-week course of L1 at a daily dose of 25 mg/kg. As the dose of L1 was increased to 50 mg/kg/d (n = 5), and then to 75 mg/kg/d (n = 4), 67% +/- 14% and 79% +/- 11%, respectively, of their RBC membrane free iron was removed. L1 therapy--both in vitro and in vivo--also significantly attenuated the malondialdehyde response of thalassemic RBC membranes to in vitro stimulation with peroxide. Remarkably, the heme content of RBC membranes from L1-treated thalassemic patients decreased by 28% +/- 10% during the 3-month study period. These results indicate that L1 can remove pathologic deposits of chelatable iron from thalassemic and sickle RBC membranes, a therapeutic potential not shared by DFO. Furthermore, membrane defects possibly mediated by catalytic iron, such as lipid peroxidation and hemichrome formation, may also be alleviated, at least in part, by L1.
TRANSFER OF CT SCAN DATA TO DIAGNOSTIC CASTS (1993)

A technique for the transfer of diagnostic information from transaxial CT scans to diagnostic casts is presented. A duplicate of the patient's existing prosthesis is utilized as a custom tray and an impression of the edentulous arch is made. The data from the transaxial radiographs are transferred to the diagnostic cast using anatomical landmarks as reference points. The marked cast can be used by the surgeon and the restorative dentist for optimal implant placement.
A dead-beat adaptive hysteresis current control (2003)

The paper proposes a new digital algorithm for the implementation of the fixed frequency, adaptive hysteresis current control for voltage source inverters. The key features of the new algorithm are the minimization of the analog external circuitry, the capability to automatically compensate for the inverter dead-time effects without appreciable delay and a tight synchronization of the inverter voltage pulses with an external clock. The synchronization is actually inherent in the implemented algorithm and does not require additional control loops; the stability problems affecting all the solutions proposed so far are therefore avoided and a steady switching frequency is achieved. Even though the complexity of the algorithm is compatible with many conventional microcontrollers' performance level, the implementation with a commercial DSP is considered in order to achieve ultrasonic operating frequency and to test the effectiveness of the solution in more demanding conditions.
A 65 nm CMOS technology with a high-performance and low-leakage transistor, a 0.55 μm/sup 2/ 6T-SRAM cell and robust hybrid-ULK/Cu interconnects for mobile multimedia applications (2004)

This paper presents a 65 nm CMOS technology for mobile multimedia applications. The reduction of interconnect capacitance is essential for high-speed data transmission and small power consumption for mobile core chips. We have chosen a hybrid ULK structure which consists of NCS (nano-clustering silica; k=2.25) at the wire level and SiOC (k=2.9) at the via level. Although NCS is a porous material, the NCS/SiOC structure has sufficient mechanical strength to endure CMP pressure and wire bonding. Successfully fabricated 200 nm-pitch hybrid-ULK/Cu interconnects and a high-performance and low-leakage transistors meet the electrical targets from the circuit requirements. Moreover, an embedded 6T-SRAM with a 0.55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ small cell size has been achieved.
Drug Discovery by Combinatorial Chemistry—the Development of a Novel Method for the Rapid Synthesis of Single Compounds (1997)

Abstract Through the advantages conferred in the speed of synthesis, combinatorial chemistry is making a significant impact on the process of drug discovery. The mix‐and‐split paradigm has been an effective method for the production of compound mixtures, although there is now a need for new, fast library approaches to generate well‐characterised single compounds. Having already demonstrated the successful preparation and application of library mixtures, we have now developed a novel combinatorial method for the production of single compounds.
Neuromuscular and hormonal adaptations during strength and power training. A review. (1989)

Increases in muscular strength among initially untrained subjects are relatively easily attained taking place during the earlier weeks of strength training mainly due to neural adaptations with a gradually increasing contribution of hypertrophic factors as the training proceeds. Muscular strength development in strength athletes is much more limited and special attention should be given to high training loading intensity and to individual training programming. The magnitudes and the time courses of the neuromuscular adaptations in strength athletes may therefore differ from those among initially untrained subjects but the actual mechanisms of strength increase may be basically the same. The initial status of the athletes makes the process more complicated to follow and more difficult to substantiate. In strength athletes with a long training background and with a high training volume, the role of endogenous hormone balance may have increasing importance for strength development. During the most stressful training weeks of prolonged strength training the level of biologically active unbound testosterone as well as the balance between the androgenic-anabolic activity and the catabolizing effect of glucocorticoids may be of great importance for the trainability of muscular strength. These observations together with the findings about the specific effects of heavy resistance strength and power training on the neuromuscular performance may also have some implications for the more accurate determination of the trainability status of an individual athlete at a given time in order to optimize the training process.
Isolation of a candidate gene for choroideremia. (1992)

Choroideremia is an X chromosome-linked retinal dystrophy of unknown pathogenesis. We have isolated cDNAs from a human retinal library with a genomic probe located at the X chromosomal breakpoint in a female with choroideremia and an X;13 translocation. This cDNA spans the breakpoint in the X;13 translocation female and is deleted in males who have choroideremia as part of a complex phenotype including mental retardation and deafness. However, this cDNA detects no alterations in the DNA of 34 males with isolated choroideremia. Nonetheless, the cDNA does detect reduced or absent levels of mRNA in three-quarters of male patients with an apparently intact gene. These data support the hypothesis that this cDNA represents the gene in which mutations cause choroideremia.
Basal iridectomy at 6 o'clock in the aphakic eye treated with silicone oil: prevention of keratopathy and secondary glaucoma. (1987)

In the aphakic eye, with intact iris diaphragm, silicone oil has frequently caused a pupillary block. In this situation aqueous humour accumulates behind the iris and forces silicone oil through the pupil into the anterior chamber. An iridectomy at the 6 o'clock position can effectively prevent this pupillary block. The iridectomy allows free passage of aqueous to the anterior chamber which remains free of silicone oil. No permanent contact with silicone oil and the cornea is established, and development of keratopathy is prevented. The effect of this iridectomy in 62 eyes with intact iris diaphragm in patients in Rotterdam (35 cases) and Nagoya (27 cases) is demonstrated. Only in 6.5% of the cases was silicone oil present in the anterior chamber at the end of the follow-up period of 7 months.
Determination of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: methodological aspects (2002)

The generation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) as by-products in mitochondria Electron Transport Chain (ETC) has long been admitted as the cost of aerobic energy metabolism with oxidative damages as consequence. The purpose of this methodological review is to present some of the most widespread methods of ROS generation and to underline the limitations as well as some problems, identified with some experiments as examples, in the interpretation of such results. There is now no doubt that besides their pejorative role, ROS are involved in a variety of cellular processes for the continuous adaptation of the cell to its environment. Because ROS metabolism is a complex area (low production, instability of species, efficient antioxidant defense system, several places of production...) bias, variances and limitations in ROS measurements must be recognized in order to avoid artefactual conclusions, and especially to improve our understanding of physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of such phenomenon.
Vibrations of free and surface-coupled atomic force microscope cantilevers: Theory and experiment (1996)

With an optical interferometer, the free vibration spectra and the local vibration amplitude of four rectangular atomic force microscope cantilevers made of silicon have been examined experimentally in a spectral range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz. A good agreement with the flexural wave theory of elastic beams was found. Coupling to torsional vibrations was also observed. When the sensor tip of the cantilever is in contact with a sample surface the resonances are shifted in frequency and the vibration amplitudes along the cantilever change. A method is presented to calculate this frequency shift using a linear approximation for the tip–sample interaction forces, and the results are compared with the frequency shift calculated from the point-mass model. The measured resonance frequencies of a surface-coupled cantilever do not correspond as well to the theoretical ones as in the free case even if the elastic-beam model is used. The reason for the disagreement is found to be the geometry of the commercial cantilevers and the nonlinearity of the tip-sample interaction force.
Effect of Solution Ionic Strength on Analyte Charge State Distributions in Positive and Negative Ion Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Solution Ionic Strength on Analyte Charge State Distributions in Positive and Negative Ion Electrospray Mass SpectrometryGuangdi. Wang and Richard B. ColeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 21, 3702–3708Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00093a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00093a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views746Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Urethral Closure Function in Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence (2009)

The opening pressure measured with urethral pressure reflectometry was less variable compared to the parameters measured with urethral pressure profilometry (maximum urethral closure pressure and maximum urethral pressure). Consequently using urethral pressure reflectometry would result in a more efficient study design when investigating pharmacological effects on the urethra in future studies. We also found that esreboxetine was well tolerated, and had a positive and clinically relevant effect on urethral closure function and symptoms of stress urinary incontinence.
A Combined Zirconocene Benzyne−Palladium Cross-Coupling Route to Substituted Biphenyls and Terphenyls (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Combined Zirconocene Benzyne−Palladium Cross-Coupling Route to Substituted Biphenyls and TerphenylsMichael Frid, Dolores Pérez, Andrew J. Peat, and Stephen L. BuchwaldView Author Information Department of Chemistry Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 40, 9469–9470Publication Date (Web):September 24, 1999Publication History Received7 July 1999Published online24 September 1999Published inissue 1 October 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/ja992345rCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1472Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (147 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical reactions,Chromatography,Cross coupling reaction,Mixtures,Transmetalation Get e-Alerts
Neuroregeneration in neurodegenerative disorders (2011)

In this paper we review the current data regarding all three aspects of neuroregeneration in Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease.
Mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli isolates (1999)

Eighteen quinolone-resistant isolates of Escherichia coli were selected by exposing ten clinical isolates to increasing concentrations of norfloxacin and lomefloxacin. The mutant isolates showed a multiple-antibiotic-resistance phenotype. All of them contained single mutations in gyrA consisting of the substitution of Ser-83-->Leu (n = 14), Val (n = 1) or Ala (n = 1) and the substitution of Asp-87-->Asn (n = 2). Only one concomitant mutation in parC (Ser-80-->Arg) was detected. Four parent isolates exhibited a single mutation in gyrA which required < or = 12 mg/L of norfloxacin to be inhibited. Fluoroquinolone resistance, in the 18 quinolone-resistant mutants, was a result of mutations affecting DNA gyrase plus decreased fluoroquinolone uptake. This latter mechanism of resistance was a combined effect of an absence of OmpF and an increase in active efflux in eight isolates, or an increased active efflux alone in the remaining ten selected mutants.
Electric current affects the rate of development in isolated apical parts of rape in vitro (2006)

Apical parts of stems of Brassica napus L. var. oleifera cv. Gorczanski (winter rape) and cv. Mlochowski (spring rape), grown in vitro, were subjected to direct electric current (DC) of different polarity, duration and voltage. The positive orientation of DC, i.e. anode attached to the apical part and cathode to the medium, markedly enhanced the differentiation of the apical meristem in winter rape. The reverse polarity was without effect. DC treatment of positive polarity resulted in spring rape in transition of all explants to generative state while 70 % of non-treated plants remained at vegetative stage. Even negative orientation of DC brought about a rise in percentage of flowering plants with regard to control. The developmental effects of DC were dependent only to a low degree or not at all on duration and voltage of the treatment.
A Replication-Competent Adenovirus-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Ad-HIV)<i>tat</i>and Ad-HIV<i>env</i>Priming/Tat and Envelope Protein Boosting Regimen Elicits Enhanced Protective Efficacy against Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV<sub>89.6P</sub>Challenge in Rhesus Macaques (2007)

We previously demonstrated that replication-competent adenovirus (Ad)-simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) recombinant prime/protein boost regimens elicit potent immunogenicity and strong, durable protection of rhesus macaques against SIV(mac251). Additionally, native Tat vaccines have conferred strong protection against simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(89.6P) challenge of cynomolgus monkeys, while native, inactivated, or vectored Tat vaccines have failed to elicit similar protective efficacy in rhesus macaques. Here we asked if priming rhesus macaques with replicating Ad-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) tat and boosting with the Tat protein would elicit protection against SHIV(89.6P). We also evaluated a Tat/Env regimen, adding an Ad-HIV env recombinant and envelope protein boost to test whether envelope antibodies would augment acute-phase protection. Further, expecting cellular immunity to enhance chronic viremia control, we tested a multigenic group: Ad-HIV tat, -HIV env, -SIV gag, and -SIV nef recombinants and Tat, Env, and Nef proteins. All regimens were immunogenic. A hierarchy was observed in enzyme-linked immunospot responses (with the strongest response for Env, followed by Gag, followed by Nef, followed by Tat) and antibody titers (with the highest titer for Env, followed by Tat, followed by Nef, followed by Gag). Following intravenous SHIV(89.6P) challenge, all macaques became infected. Compared to controls, no protection was seen in the Tat-only group, confirming previous reports for rhesus macaques. However, the multigenic group blunted acute viremia by approximately 1 log (P = 0.017), and both the multigenic and Tat/Env groups reduced chronic viremia by 3 and 4 logs, respectively, compared to controls (multigenic, P = 0.0003; Tat/Env, P < 0.0001). The strikingly greater reduction in the Tat/Env group than in the multigenic group (P = 0.014) was correlated with Tat and Env binding antibodies. Since prechallenge anti-Env antibodies lacked SHIV(89.6P)-neutralizing activity, other functional anti-Env and anti-Tat activities are under investigation, as is a possible synergy between the Tat and Env immunogens.
Ebselen (PZ-51) protects the caudate putamen against hypoxia/ischemia induced neuronal damage (1996)

Ebselen, a synthetic selenium-containing compound which exhibits glutathione peroxidase-like activity in vivo, is known for its beneficial effects on inflammation and tissue injury. Experiments were conducted to test whether ebselen dissolved in DiMethylSulfOxide (DMSO) could prevent damage in a rat model for transient unilateral hypoxia/ischemia. Results indicate that ebselen dissolved in DMSO reduced damage in the caudate putamen, the thalamus and the cortex compared to the saline controls. The average damage in the Caudate putamen was also significantly lower in the ebselen group when compared to the DMSO treated rats. Total brain damage in the ebselen group was decreased by 76%. DMSO alone did not reduce damage significantly in any of the analyzed areas. Some protective effects of ebselen, however, may be due to the solvent DMSO. In the caudate putamen ebselen alone was responsible for the observed protection. This protective effect of ebselen might be explained by its actions as a glutathione peroxidase mimic.
Der Zusammenhang von Elektronenemission und Lumineszenzerscheinungen angeregter Kristalle * (1955)

Die Beziehungen zwischen Lumineszenz und Elektronenemission angeregter Kristalle werden untersucht, um auf den Mechanismus der Elektronenemission schließen zu können. Die Versuche zeigen, daß die gleichen Haftstellen, die für die Lumineszenz verantwortlich sind, auch die Elektronenemission verursachen. Die Ergebnisse werden dahin gedeutet, daß ein Teil der Elektronen des angeregten Kristalls entweder unter Lumineszenz oder strahlungslos in den Grundzustand zurückkehrt, ein anderer Teil aber auf Grund der geringen Austrittsarbeit vieler Kristalle aus der Oberfläche austreten kann. Die Elektronenemission kann damit als Maß für die zeitliche Elektronendichte im Leitfähigkeitsband angesehen werden.