gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction between Fixed and Vehicular Illumination Systems on City Streets (1974)

Considerable basic psychophysiological research has been reported concerning the measurement of visibility and its relationship to illumination. The problem with this approach to establishing criteria is that additional illumination will usually improve contrast and, therefore, visibility will be increased. What is missing is information on the effect of visibility on driver behavior: i.e., how much visibility is required for the driver to perform in a satisfactory manner? It is to this question that the research is addressed.
Nucleic Acid Reactivity and Conformation (1973)

Treatment of calf thymus DNA with sodium bisulfite gave no deamination of cytosine to uracil, under conditions where 68% of the cytosines of heat-denatured DNA were converted to uracil. This implies that the mutagenic properties of bisulfite are due to reaction with single-stranded DNA. Similarly, poly(I)·poly(C) was unreactive to bisulfite under conditions where poly(C) reacted readily. It was established by ultraviolet and circular dichroism studies that the initial step of the deamination sequence, the addition of bisulfite to the 5-6 double bond of cytosine, was inhibited in double-helical polynucleotides. In accord with this, it was found that, at 25°, bisulfite did not react with the uracils of poly(A)·poly(U) and poly(A)·2 poly(U), under conditions where it added to the 5-6 double bond of the uracils of free poly(U). At higher temperatures below the melting temperature, a slow reaction of poly(A)·2 poly(U) was observed. A number of factors may contribute to the resistance of multiple-helical polynucleotides to reaction with bisulfite. These include the inability of the modified base to take part in Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding and steric hindrance to the approach of the reagent in a multiple helix.
Effect of High Pressure on a Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Cycloaddition (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of High Pressure on a Transition-Metal-Catalyzed CycloadditionBarry M. Trost, Jon R. Parquette, and Angela L. MarquartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11, 3284–3285Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00116a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00116a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views356Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Regrowth of semi-insulating iron doped InP around reactive ion etched laser mesas in [110] and [-110] directions by hydride vapour phase epitaxy (2003)

Hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) has been used for regrowth of semi-insulating iron doped InP around reactive ion etched laser mesas in [110] and [-110] directions. The regrowth morphology and the electrical properties are similar in both cases. It is also demonstrated that HVPE is a quick and easy technique to realize buried heterostructure (BH) lasers in both [110] and [-110] directions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Understanding the Dynamics of Collaborative Multi-Party Discourse (2006)

In this paper, we discuss the efforts underway at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in understanding the dynamics of multi-party discourse across a number of communication modalities, such as email, instant messaging traffic and meeting data. Two prototype systems are discussed. The Conversation Analysis Tool (ChAT) is an experimental test-bed for the development of computational linguistic components and enables users to easily identify topics or persons of interest within multi-party conversations, including who talked to whom, when, the entities that were discussed, etc. The Retrospective Analysis of Communication Events (RACE) prototype, leveraging many of the ChAT components, is an application built specifically for knowledge workers and focuses on merging different types of communication data so that the underlying message can be discovered in an efficient, timely fashion.
Militer aujourd'hui (2005)

Note: 138 p. Reference ESPRI-BOOK-2008-001 Record created on 2008-05-15, modified on 2016-08-08
Patient Preferences for Nonvitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants in Stroke Prevention: A Multicountry Discrete Choice Experiment (2019)

Purpose . The patient’s perspective is becoming increasingly important in clinical and policy decisions. This study examined atrial fibrillation (AF) patient preferences for different characteristics of nonvitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Methods . A discrete choice experiment (DCE) addressing AF patients treated with NOACs in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom was conducted. The DCE included the following attributes: frequency of administration (once/twice daily), size of tablet/capsule (6–9 mm/20 mm), meal-related intake (intake with food required/independent), and distance to treating physician (1 km/10 km). Preferences were analyzed based on a conditional logit regression model. Results . In total, 758 patients (males: 57.3%; mean age: 71.4 years) with an average disease duration of 5.5 years were included (apixaban/dabigatran/edoxaban/rivaroxaban: 34.0%/14.5%/6.6%/44.9%, respectively). Patients preferred NOAC treatment options characterized by once-daily dosing regimens (42.8%; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>), shorter distance to treating physicians (25.0%; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>), a small-sized tablet (21.5%; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>), and intake independent of food (10.6%; <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi><mml:mo><</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>). Conclusions . Patients primarily prefer a once-daily NOAC regimen. Individual preferences should be considered for the treatment of AF patients as this may result in improved treatment adherence and consequently better effectiveness and safety in routine clinical practice.
Addressing the Use of Phylogenetics for Identification of Sequences in Error in the SWGDAM Mitochondrial DNA Database (2004)

The SWGDAM mtDNA database is a publicly available reference source that is used for estimating the rarity of an evidence mtDNA profile. Because of the current processes for generating population data, it is unlikely that population databases are error free. The majority of the errors are due to human error and are transcriptional in nature. Phylogenetic analysis of data sets can identify some potential errors, and coupled with a review of the sequence data or alignment sheets can be a very useful tool. Seven sequences with errors have been identified by phylogenetic analysis. In addition, two samples were inadvertently modified when placed in the SWGDAM database. The corrected sequences are provided so that users can modify appropriately the current iteration of the SWGDAM database. From a practical perspective, upper bound estimates of the percentage of matching profiles obtained from a database search containing an incorrect sequence and those of a database containing the corrected sequence are not substantially different. Community wide access and review has enabled identification of errors in the SWGDAM data set and will continue to do so. The result of public accessibility is that the quality of the SWGDAM forensic dataset is always improving.
Physical mapping of repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences in Escherichia coli and phylogenetic distribution among Escherichia coli strains and other enteric bacteria (1992)

Repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences are highly conserved inverted repeat sequences originally discovered in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium. We have physically mapped these sequences in the E. coli genome by using Southern hybridization of an ordered phage bank of E. coli (Y. Kohara, K. Akiyama, and K. Isono, Cell 50:495-508, 1987) with generic REP probes derived from the REP consensus sequence. The set of REP probe-hybridizing clones was correlated with a set of clones expected to contain REP sequences on the basis of computer searches. We also show that a generic REP probe can be used in Southern hybridization to analyze genomic DNA digested with restriction enzymes to determine genetic relatedness among natural isolates of E. coli. A search for these sequences in other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae shows a consistent correlation between both the number of occurrences and the hybridization strength and genealogical relationship.
Evolution of ISDN towards broadband ISDN (1989)

Worldwide activities to evolve integrated services digital network (ISDN) into an optical-fiber-based universal broadband network have resulted in the first baseline documents, such as CCITT Recommendation I.121. The asynchronous transfer mode has been established as a key element of broadband ISDN (BISDN). The adoption of the G.707-709 recommendations on the new digital transmission hierarchy will also strongly influence further BISDN development. The author presents the current state of the BISDN discussion, especially within CCITT, briefly addressing broadband services and then concentrating on the user-network interface, as its definition is of utmost importance with respect to the introduction of a worldwide unique BISDN. Network scenarios and evolution and interworking aspects of the arising broadband realizations are also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of distributed generation on voltage regulation by LTC transformer (2005)

Distributed Generator (DG) can cause over-voltages as well as under-voltages, depending on several factors including DG size and location, and method of voltage regulation. This paper addresses possible under-voltages when installing a DG on a feeder whose voltage is regulation by a LTC (load-tap changing) transformer with LDC (line drop compensator). Simple analytical expressions of voltage drop on a radial feeder with uniformly distributed load, and containing a DG unit, are derived. The analysis is illustrated by a numerical example that validates the accuracy of the analytical expressions.
Stage-specific and species-specific antigens of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale defined by monoclonal antibodies (1986)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were produced against the asexual blood stages of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale and used to define antigens of plasmodial parasites in an indirect fluorescent antibody assay. The anti-P. vivax MAbs produced two distinct patterns in the indirect fluorescent antibody assay. Four patterns were found with the anti-P. ovale MAbs. Species-specific epitopes were defined for P. vivax and P. ovale; epitopes shared among all four species of human malaria parasites were also defined. Some of the anti-P. vivax MAbs reacted only with mature stages, and others reacted with all asexual stages. No asexual blood-stage specificity could be found with the anti-P. ovale antibodies. Five of the anti-P. vivax MAbs and three of the anti-P. ovale MAbs also reacted with sporozoites.
A new approach of group-based VLC codec system with full table programmability (2001)

The algorithm and architecture of a variable length code (VLC) codec system using a new group-based approach and achieving full table programmability are presented. According to the proposed codeword grouping and symbol memory mapping, both group searching and encoding/decoding procedures are completed by applying numerical properties and arithmetic operations to codewords and symbol addresses. By a novel symbol conversion, the memory requirement of the encoding process is reduced and the programmability of codewords and symbols is achieved. For MPEG applications, a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS design that performs concurrent VLC codec processes is shown. This VLSI implementation occupies an area of 5.0/spl times/4.5 mm/sup 2/ with 110 k transistors and satisfies a coding table up to 256-entry 12-bit symbols and 16-bit codewords. In addition, both encoding and decoding throughputs of this design achieve 100 Msymbols/s at a 100-MWz clock rate. Therefore, the proposed VLC codec system is suitable for applications which require high operation throughput, such as HDTV and simultaneous compression and decompression, such as videoconferencing.
Effect of human patient plasma ex vivo treatment on gene expression and progenitor cell activation of primary human liver cells in multi‐compartment 3D perfusion bioreactors for extra‐corporeal liver support (2009)

Cultivation of primary human liver cells in innovative 3D perfusion multi-compartment capillary membrane bioreactors using decentralized mass exchange and integral oxygenation provides in vitro conditions close to the physiologic environment in vivo. While a few scale-up bioreactors were used clinically, inoculated liver progenitors in these bioreactors were not investigated. Therefore, we characterized regenerative processes and expression patterns of auto- and paracrine mediators involved in liver regeneration in bioreactors after patient treatment. Primary human liver cells containing parenchymal and non-parenchymal cells co-cultivated in bioreactors were used for clinical extra-corporeal liver support to bridge to liver transplantation. 3D tissue re-structuring in bioreactors was studied; expression of proteins and genes related to regenerative processes and hepatic progenitors was analyzed. Formation of multiple bile ductular networks and colonies of putative progenitors were observed within parenchymal cell aggregates. HGF was detected in scattered cells located close to vascular-like structures, expression of HGFA and c-Met was assigned to biliary cells and hepatocytes. Increased expression of genes associated to hepatic progenitors was detected following clinical application. The results confirm auto- and paracrine interactions between co-cultured cells in the bioreactor. The 3D bioreactor provides a valuable tool to study mechanisms of progenitor activation and hepatic regeneration ex vivo under patient plasma treatment.
On torsion-free abelian groups and Lie algebras (1958)

It is known that many of the classes of simple Lie algebras of prime characteristic of nonclassical type have simple infinite-dimensional analogues of characteristic zero (see, for example, [4, p. 518]). We consider here analogues of those algebras which are defined by a modification of the definition of a group algebra. Thus we consider analogues of the Zassenhaus algebras as generalized by Albert and Frank in [1]. The algebras considered are defined as follows. Let G be a nonzero abelian group, F a field, g an additive mapping from G to F, and f an alternate biadditive mapping from G X G to F. We index a basis of an algebra over F by G, denoting by ua the basis element corresponding to a in G, and define multiplication by
An economic assessment of dissolving pulp production in New Zealand (1972)

It has been known for some years that Pinus radiata is an excellent raw material for dissolving pulp production. This report examines economic aspects of dissolving pulp production, particularly the availability of suitable export markets and likely New Zealand production costs and returns. The results obtained are compared with those of a similar study published in 1964.
Synthesis and release of interleukin 1 by reoxygenated human mononuclear phagocytes. (1992)

To examine the possible involvement of cytokines in reperfusion injury, we have studied production of IL-1 by human vascular cells, including smooth muscle and mononuclear phagocytes. Exposure of cells to hypoxia (pO2 approximately 14 torr) followed by reoxygenation led to significant release of IL-1 only from the mononuclear phagocytes. Elaboration of IL-1 was dependent on the oxygen tension and duration of hypoxia (optimal at lower pO2s, approximately 14-20 torr, and after 9 h), as well as the time in reoxygenation (maximal IL-1 release at 6-9 h). Although a period of hypoxia was necessary for subsequent IL-1 production during reoxygenation of either peripheral blood monocytes or cultured monocyte-derived macrophages, no IL-1 release occurred during the hypoxic exposure. IL-1 released during reoxygenation was newly synthesized, and its production was triggered by the generation of oxygen free radicals, as it could be blocked by the addition of either allopurinol or free radical scavengers to cultures and could be stimulated in part by low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or xanthine/xanthine oxidase. The potential pathophysiological effects of IL-1-containing supernatants from reoxygenated macrophages was shown by their induction of endothelial tissue factor and enhancement of endothelial adhesiveness for neutrophils, both of which could be blocked by anti-IL-1 antibody. The relevance of IL-1 to hypoxia/reoxygenation in vivo was suggested by the presence of circulating nanogram amounts of this cytokine in the plasma of mice during the reoxygenation period following a hypoxia.
Chemical speciation of environmentally significant heavy metals with inorganic ligands. Part 1: The Hg2+– Cl–, OH–, CO32–, SO42–, and PO43– aqueous systems (IUPAC Technical Report) (2005)

Abstract This document presents a critical evaluation of the equilibrium constants and reaction enthalpies for the complex formation reactions between aqueous Hg(II) and the common environmental inorganic ligands Cl – , OH – , CO 3 2– , SO 4 2– , and PO 4 3– . The analysis used data from the IUPAC Stability Constants database, SC-Database , focusing particularly on values for 25 °C and perchlorate media. Specific ion interaction theory (SIT) was applied to reliable data available for the ionic strength range I c < 3.0 mol dm –3 . Recommended values of log 10 β p,q,r ° and the associated reaction enthalpies, ∆ r H m °, valid at I m = 0 mol kg –1 and 25 °C, were obtained by weighted linear regression using the SIT equations. Also reported are the equations and specific ion interaction coefficients required to calculate log 10 β p,q,r ° values at higher ionic strengths and other temperatures. A similar analysis is reported for the reactions of H + with CO 3 2– and PO 4 3– . Diagrams are presented to show the calculated distribution of Hg(II) amongst these inorganic ligands in model natural waters. Under typical environmental conditions, Hg(II) speciation is dominated by the formation of HgCl 2 (aq), Hg(OH)Cl(aq), and Hg(OH) 2 (aq).
Privacy and security protection of RFID data in e-passport (2011)

E-passport is a biometric passport that combines both paper and electronic chip. It includes biometrics information and ID using RFID chip or tag. The goal of e-passport is to provide strong authentication through documents that unambiguously identify the passport holder. An e-passport can protect forging of ID and can make rapid progress in immigration. The use of RFID tag may cause privacy violation of users using the tag. Due to the unique identification number of the RFID tag, this is subjected to different privacy and security threats such as information leakage of a tag, traceability of the person, denial of service attack, and impersonation of a tag. This paper investigates different privacy and security problems in RFID systems used in e-passport and proposes the implementation of a proposed authentication protocol to overcome those privacy and security problems. Simulation experiments show that the protocol is secure for larger entropy.
Metagenomics: Tools and Insights for Analyzing Next-Generation Sequencing Data Derived from Biodiversity Studies (2015)

Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) have allowed significant breakthroughs in microbial ecology studies. This has led to the rapid expansion of research in the field and the establishment of "metagenomics", often defined as the analysis of DNA from microbial communities in environmental samples without prior need for culturing. Many metagenomics statistical/computational tools and databases have been developed in order to allow the exploitation of the huge influx of data. In this review article, we provide an overview of the sequencing technologies and how they are uniquely suited to various types of metagenomic studies. We focus on the currently available bioinformatics techniques, tools, and methodologies for performing each individual step of a typical metagenomic dataset analysis. We also provide future trends in the field with respect to tools and technologies currently under development. Moreover, we discuss data management, distribution, and integration tools that are capable of performing comparative metagenomic analyses of multiple datasets using well-established databases, as well as commonly used annotation standards.
Hardware-software debugging techniques for reconfigurable systems-on-chip (2005)

In complex reconfigurable systems on chip, the dynamism of targeted applications requires an efficient management of platforms. To enable run-time resource management, operating system and reconfigurable SoC platform should be developed together. In this context, additionally to the issues inherent to hardware and software design development, we have to deal with the supplementary difficulty of the interaction between software and hardware, and of both with the platform. In this paper we present a real-time debugging tool operating in a mixed hardware and software environment. This dynamically loadable tool seriously decreases the time required for debugging while the overhead in terms of additional code is minimal.
Tuning electrochemical performance of Si-based anodes for lithium-ion batteries by employing atomic layer deposition alumina coating (2014)

A free-standing, conductive and three-dimensional network of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-coated Si/C composite nanofibers is fabricated by a single-nozzle electrospinning and atomic layer deposition. The as-obtained Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-coated Si/C composite nanofibers exhibit excellent electrochemical performance for applications as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries.