gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion Compensated De-Interlacing: The Key to the Digital Video Transition (1999)

As the video industry transitions from analog to digital, more and more video processing equipment will also need to transition from analog to digital. The current analog television standards, NTSC, PAL, etc., are based on interlaced formats. As these standards transition to digital, the demand for progressive material will increase, causing a directly proportional increase in the demand for video processing products with high quality de-interlacing. — There are many ways to perform the de-interlace process, with varying levels of quality and corresponding compute requirements. This paper will emphasize the importance of proper de-interlacing, examine some of the currently used techniques for de-interlacing video, delineate a new de-interlacing technique, and discuss applications where this new de-interlacing technique can improve the end-to-end image quality of any DTV system.
Limb-state feedback from ensembles of simultaneously recorded dorsal root ganglion neurons (2007)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) holds great potential for restoring motor functions after brain and spinal cord injury. Currently, most FES systems are under simple finite state control, using external sensors which tend to be bulky, uncomfortable and prone to failure. Sensory nerve signals offer an interesting alternative, with the possibility of continuous feedback control. To test feasibility, we recorded from ensembles of sensory neurons with microelectrode arrays implanted in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) of walking cats. Limb position and velocity variables were estimated accurately (average R2 values >0.5) over a range of walking speeds (0.1-0.5 m s(-1)) using a linear combination of firing rates from 10 or more neurons. We tested the feasibility of sensory control of intraspinal FES by recording from DRG neurons during hindlimb movements evoked by intraspinal microstimulation of the lumbar spinal cord in an anesthetized cat. Although electrical stimulation generated artifacts, this problem was overcome by detecting and eliminating events that occurred synchronously across the array of microelectrodes. The sensory responses to limb movement could then be measured and decoded to generate an accurate estimate of the limb state. Multichannel afferent recordings may thus provide FES systems with the feedback needed for adaptive control and perturbation compensation, though long-term stability remains a challenge.
Contents of Metallic Elements in Different Parts of Radix Codonopsis Pilosulae (2012)

The contents of K,Fe,Cu,Mg and Zn in radix codonopsis pilosulae were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry(FAAS).The standard recoveries of method were between 99.7% and 104.4%,and the RSD was less than 1.0% for 5 times determination of samples.The method has good accuracy and precision.The contents correlation of trace elements in the different parts of radix codonopsis pilosulae were analyzed on the base.
Evaluation of a 2-minute anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test using the autologous erythrocyte agglutination technique with populations differing in HIV prevalence (1993)

A total of 1,800 blood specimens (1,000 from healthy blood donors, 300 from patients with sexually transmitted disease, and 500 from intravenous drug users) were simultaneously tested with anti-human immunodeficiency virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits and a newly developed 2-min test for anti-human immunodeficiency virus based on the principle of autologous erythrocyte agglutination (AGEN Biomedical Limited). We found that AGEN's rapid test was as sensitive and specific as the other ELISA kits.
Vibrating Capillary for Production of Uniform Small Bubbles (1967)

First Page
A new symbolic technique for control-dependent scheduling (1996)

This paper describes an exact symbolic formulation of control-dependent, resource-constrained scheduling. The technique provides a closed-form solution set in which all satisfying schedules are encapsulated in a compressed OBDD-based representation. This solution format greatly increases the flexibility of the synthesis task by enabling incremental incorporation of additional constraints and by supporting solution space exploration without the need for rescheduling. The technique provides a systematic treatment of speculative operation execution in arbitrary forward-branching control/data paths. An iterative construction method is presented along with benchmark results. The experiments demonstrate the ability of the proposed technique to efficiently exploit parallelism not explicitly specified in the input description.
Structure and Dynamics of a Colloidal Silica−Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite by <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>29</sup>Si MAS NMR Spectroscopy (1996)

A silica−poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite was prepared by condensation polymerization of a 2 nm shell of the silane coupling agent 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TPM) on the surface of 10.5 nm diameter sol−gel colloidal silica particles followed by free-radical polymerization of a 50 wt % dispersion of the TPM−silica in methyl methacrylate. Cross-polarization combined with magic angle spinning and high-power decoupling (CP/MAS) and single-pulse 29Si NMR spectra together with quasi-adiabatic cross-polarization (QACP) 13C NMR spectra provided quantitative analyses of the structural components of the parent silica, the TPM−silica, and the composite. The parent silica contained one ethoxy group and eleven hydroxy groups per ten silicon atoms. The TPM−silica contained one residual methoxy group per TPM group and no residual hydroxy groups. Polymerization with MMA consumed 85% of the methacrylate groups of the TPM. Time constants T1ρH for proton spin−lattice relaxation in the rotating frame detected via 13C and 29Si CPMAS spectra showed rapid spin diffusion between all CH protons in the samples, but not between the CH protons and the OH protons that cross-polarize 29Si atoms in the parent silica. Time constants T1ρC for carbon spin−lattice relaxation in the rotating frame showed that the TPM−silica has substantial motion at kilohertz frequencies leading to fast relaxation, whereas the PMMA composite is more rigid and the ethoxy groups in the parent silica are more mobile. Measurements of 1H−1H dipolar transverse relaxation times via 13C and 29Si detection showed decreasing strengths of homonuclear dipolar interactions due to increasing molecular motion in the order composite > TPM−silica > OH groups in parent silica.
Continuous flow photolysis of aryl azides: Preparation of 3<i>H</i>-azepinones (2011)

Photolysis of aryl azides to give nitrenes, and their subsequent rearrangement in the presence of water to give 3H-azepinones, is performed in continuous flow in a photoreactor constructed of fluorinated ethylene polymer (FEP) tubing. Fine tuning of the reaction conditions using the flow reactor allowed minimization of secondary photochemical reactions.
XVII. Enumeration of the Plants collected by Mr. H. H. Johnston on the Kilima-njaro Expedition, 1884. (1887)

Volume: 2
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Treatment hurdles, tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal diseases, with an average 5-year survival rate of less than 10%. Unfortunately, the majority of patients have unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, traditional treatments such as chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation have not been shown to significantly improve survival. Recently, there has been a swift increase in cancer treatments that incorporate immunotherapy-based strategies to target all the stepwise events required for tumor initiation and progression. The results in melanoma, non-small-cell lung cancer and renal cell carcinoma are very encouraging. Unfortunately, the application of checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, in pancreatic cancer has been disappointing. Many studies have revealed that the PDAC microenvironment supports tumor growth, promotes metastasis and consists of a physical barrier to drug delivery. Combination therapies hold great promise for enhancing immune responses to achieve a better therapeutic effect. In this review, we provide an outline of why pancreatic cancer is so lethal and of the treatment hurdles that exist. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the tumor microenvironment, and some of the latest and most promising studies on immunotherapy in PDAC are also presented.
Highly Efficient and Rapid Cs<sup>+</sup> Uptake by the Layered Metal Sulfide K<sub>2<i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub>3−<i>x</i></sub>S<sub>6</sub> (KMS-1) (2009)

The details of the ion-exchange properties of the layered sulfide material K(2x)Mn(x)Sn(3-x)S(6) (x = 0.5-0.95) (KMS-1) with Cs(+) and Rb(+) cations are reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), elemental analyses, and powder and single-crystal diffraction studies revealed that the Cs(+) and Rb(+) ion exchange of KMS-1 is complete (quantitative replacement of K(+) ions) and topotactic. These data also revealed that the Cs(+) exchange is accompanied with a rare topotactic oxidation of Mn(2+) to Mn(3+) caused by atmospheric oxygen, while the Rb(+) ion exchange only slightly alters the oxidation state of the layer manganese atoms. The absorption of Cs(+) by KMS-1 follows the Langmuir model with a high exchange capacity of 226(4) mg/g (pH approximately 7) and distribution coefficients as high as 2 x 10(4) mL/g. KMS-1 displays significant cesium uptake both under strongly acidic (pH 0.7-2.6) or basic conditions (pH 10-12). The kinetics of Cs(+) capture by KMS-1 is fast (>90% removal of approximately 1 ppm of Cs(+) within only 5 min). KMS-1 was also found capable to efficiently absorb Cs(+) from complex solutions containing various competitive cations in large excess. KMS-1 (containing Mn(3+) ions) can be regenerated and reused for Cs(+) exchange with an exchange capacity very similar to that of the pristine KMS-1. The results indicate that layered metal sulfides with ion-exchange properties may be considered as highly selective and cost-effective sorbents for remediation of water contaminated with the radioactive (137)Cs isotope. The selectivity over other alkali ions for Cs originates not from a size effect but from the more favorable Cs...S soft Lewis acid/Lewis base interactions.
A Candidate Molecule Approach to Defining Developmental Pathology in Schizophrenia (1998)

The evidence that schizophrenia may have its origins from early in life, possibly during prenatal brain development, is based primarily on a constellation of nonspecific anatomical findings and on the results of surveys of obstetrical complications and of childhood neurological and psychological adjustment. The developmental processes implicated by this evidence are uncertain, but speculation has centered around abnormalities of neuronal proliferation, migration, and connection formation. These developmental milestones are the results of complicated cellular processes involving molecular interactions between cells and between the extracellular and intracellular milieus. To understand how these abnormalities could relate to schizophrenia, it is necessary to characterize the molecular events that define the processes. In this article, we discuss the potential impact of a number of molecules that are important in the sequence of cellular events implicated in schizophrenia. In particular, we focus on molecular mechanisms related to cell proliferation, axonal outgrowth, cell migration, cell survival, synaptic regression, myelination, and developmental aspects of early adult life. These various candidate molecules regulate different aspects of cell growth and cell-cell interactions and are involved in the regulation of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) expression. Very few of these molecules have been studied in the schizophrenic brain.
ExoCarta as a resource for exosomal research (2012)

Exosomes are a class of extracellular vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. Unlike other extracellular vesicles (ectosomes and apoptotic blebs), exosomes are of endocytic origin. The roles of exosomes in vaccine/drug delivery, intercellular communication and as a possible source of disease biomarkers have sparked immense interest in them, resulting in a plethora of studies. Whilst multidimensional datasets are continuously generated, it is difficult to harness the true potential of the data until they are compiled and made accessible to the biomedical researchers. Here, we describe ExoCarta (http://www.exocarta.org), a manually curated database of exosomal proteins, RNA and lipids. Datasets currently present in ExoCarta are integrated from both published and unpublished exosomal studies. Since its launch in 2009, ExoCarta has been accessed by more than 16,000 unique users. In this article, we discuss the utility of ExoCarta for exosomal research and urge biomedical researchers in the field to deposit their datasets directly to ExoCarta.
ADCC Develops Over Time during Persistent Infection with Live-Attenuated SIV and Is Associated with Complete Protection against SIVmac251 Challenge (2012)

Live-attenuated strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) routinely confer apparent sterilizing immunity against pathogenic SIV challenge in rhesus macaques. Understanding the mechanisms of protection by live-attenuated SIV may provide important insights into the immune responses needed for protection against HIV-1. Here we investigated the development of antibodies that are functional against neutralization-resistant SIV challenge strains, and tested the hypothesis that these antibodies are associated with protection. In the absence of detectable neutralizing antibodies, Env-specific antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) emerged by three weeks after inoculation with SIVΔnef, increased progressively over time, and was proportional to SIVΔnef replication. Persistent infection with SIVΔnef elicited significantly higher ADCC titers than immunization with a non-persistent SIV strain that is limited to a single cycle of infection. ADCC titers were higher against viruses matched to the vaccine strain in Env, but were measurable against viruses expressing heterologous Env proteins. In two separate experiments, which took advantage of either the strain-specificity or the time-dependent maturation of immunity to overcome complete protection against SIV(mac)251 challenge, measures of ADCC activity were higher among the SIVΔnef-inoculated macaques that remained uninfected than among those that became infected. These observations show that features of the antibody response elicited by SIVΔnef are consistent with hallmarks of protection by live-attenuated SIV, and reveal an association between Env-specific antibodies that direct ADCC and apparent sterilizing protection by SIVΔnef.
Synthetic S-2 and H-5 Segments of the Shaker K+ Channel: Secondary Structure, Membrane Interaction, and Assembly within Phospholipid Membranes (1994)

Current models of voltage-activated K+ channels predict that the channels are formed by the coassembly of four polypeptide monomers, each of which consists of six transmembrane segments (S1-S6) and long terminal domains. The aqueous pores are thought to be composed of the conserved H-5 regions contributed by four monomers. In this study, two putative membrane-embedded segments of the Shaker K+ channel were synthesized. One segment corresponds to the putative, transmembrane helix S-2 (amino acids 275-300), and the other corresponds to the highly conserved 12 amino acid residues within the H-5 region [amino acids 432-443, designated (12)H-5]. Structural and functional characterization at elevated lipid/peptide molar ratios (> 3000:1) was performed on the two segments, as well as on a previously synthesized 21 amino acid long peptide with a sequence resembling the entire H-5 region (designated (21)H-5) (Peled & Shai, 1993). Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that S-2 adopts predominantly alpha-helical structure in both trifluoroethanol and 35 mM SDS (78% or 99%, respectively), while (12)H-5 and (21)H-5 adopt low alpha-helical structure only in the presence of 35 mM SDS. Functional characterization demonstrated that S-2 and (12)H-5 segments bind to zwitterionic phospholipids, with partition coefficients on the order of 10(4) M-1. Resonance energy transfer measurements, between donor/acceptor-labeled pairs of peptides, revealed that the peptides self-associate in their membrane-bound state, which may correlate with the existence of functional interactions between the conserved (12)H-5 regions of different subunits of K+ channels (Kirsch et al., 1993).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
GHz Serial Passive Clock Distribution in VLSI Using Bidirectional Signaling (2006)

Thr authors introduce a serial passive clock distribution technique allowing efficient and accurate skew removal at any arbitrary clock drop point. The passive transmission medium may be on-chip electrical transmission lines built in current IC technology or possible optical waveguides in future developments. The proposed technique is naturally insensitive to practical loses and other non ideal effects and has the capability of covering large chip areas
Thermochemistry of stuffed quartz-derivative phases along the join LiAlSiO<sub>4</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> (1999)

Enthalpies of drop-solution (∆Hdrop-soln) of a suite of stuffed quartz-derivative phases with the composition Li1-xAl1-xSi1+xO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) have been measured in molten 2PbO·B2O3 at 974 K. Substitution of Si4+ for Li++Al3+ results in more exothermic enthalpies of drop-solution, which is consistent with behavior seen in other crystalline and glassy aluminosilicates. Al/Si ordering serves to stabilize these phases, and long-range ordering for compositions with x approximately <0.3 can be discerned in both calorimetric data and in structural data obtained by electron and synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD). In contrast, a structural but not an energetic discontinuity is apparent at x ≅ 0.65, which corresponds to a compositionally induced α-β quartz transition with a small enthalpy of transformation.
The influence of MMP-14, TIMP-2 and MMP-2 expression on breast cancer prognosis (2006)

Of the MMP-14/TIMP-2/MMP-2 complex, MMP-14 was the factor most significantly associated with the outcome of breast cancer and was an independent factor of poor overall survival when adjusted for clinical prognostic factors, but not for certain ancillary markers.
Early Embryonic Lethality of H Ferritin Gene Deletion in Mice (2000)

Ferritin molecules play an important role in the control of intracellular iron distribution and in the constitution of long term iron stores. In vitro studies on recombinant ferritin subunits have shown that the ferroxidase activity associated with the H subunit is necessary for iron uptake by the ferritin molecule, whereas the L subunit facilitates iron core formation inside the protein shell. However, plant and bacterial ferritins have only a single type of subunit which probably fulfills both functions. To assess the biological significance of the ferroxidase activity associated with the H subunit, we disrupted the H ferritin gene (Fth) in mice by homologous recombination. Fth(+/-) mice are healthy, fertile, and do not differ significantly from their control littermates. However, Fth(-/-) embryos die between 3.5 and 9.5 days of development, suggesting that there is no functional redundancy between the two ferritin subunits and that, in the absence of H subunits, L ferritin homopolymers are not able to maintain iron in a bioavailable and nontoxic form. The pattern of expression of the wild type Fth gene in 9.5-day embryos is suggestive of an important function of the H ferritin gene in the heart.
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor deficiency in T cells suppresses the development of collagen-induced arthritis (2011)

The contributions of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) to the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis have not been elucidated. Here, we show that Ahr deficiency ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis, a mouse model of RA. Collagen-immunized Ahr KO mice showed decreased serum levels of such proinflammatory cytokines as IL-1β and IL-6. The Th17 and Th1 cell populations in lymph nodes from these mice decreased and increased, respectively, whereas the percentage of regulatory T cells was unchanged. Interestingly, a lack of Ahr specifically in T cells significantly suppressed collagen-induced arthritis development, whereas Ahr deficiency in macrophages had no effect. These finding indicate that the development of experimental autoimmune arthritis depends on the presence of Ahr in T cells, and that Th1/Th17 balance may be particularly important for this process.
Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of two distinct cDNAs for rat phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase. (1987)

The rat Yoshida sarcoma (YS) cDNA library was screened using oligonucleotide probes designed from peptide sequences of rat phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase, and two distinct clones were obtained. Nucleotide sequencing revealed that both clones encode 317 amino acids containing the peptide sequences. The deduced amino acid sequences of the two differ only by 13 residues (96%) identity), whereas the nucleotide sequences are relatively divergent (81% identity in the coding regions). These results, together with N-terminal amino acid sequencing data, suggest the existence of two different subunits of this enzyme, designated as PRS I and II (their genes as PRPS1 and PRPS2). Transcripts of 2.3 and 3.7 kilobases were detected in YS cells and rat liver by Northern blot analysis, using PRS I and II cDNAs respectively, as probes. In the liver, the expression of both genes increased after partial hepatectomy.
Wave-front sensing by optical phase differentiation (1984)

A wave-front sensor consisting of a coherent processing system with a rotating filter in its Fourier-transform plane and an array of detectors in its image plane is described. The phase gradient at any point in the object plane of such a system may be calculated from the output of a detector located at the image of that point. The output from an array of detectors in the image plane allows the phase distribution in the object plane to be calculated in real time.