gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Passive RFID from Backscatter Using Soft-Computing Techniques (2011)

By analyzing backscatter signal from antenna, using stacked rectangular metal patches, one could determine the characteristics (poles and zeros) of the antenna. In an ideal situation, when the incident chirp contains the resonant frequencies of the patch, the scattered signal would clearly display them. The characteristic parameters could then be used as a signature of the patch, i.e., information stored in its physical structure. This could open the possibility of a new technology for cheap chipless RFID tag, if the scattered signal could be successfully analyzed, even in a noisy real world working environment. The analysis of the scattered signal poses two problems : (1) unwanted scattering from metallic objects and other noise sources in any realistic environment, (2) an additional phase shift, different for various frequency components of the chirp, due to positioning of the reception antenna at a distance. In addition, because the transfer function is non-linear, we need a fast optimization algorithm to get least-square-error parameter values in real-time. In this preliminary work, we explain how we solved these problems using soft-computing techniques and compare results with true parameter values.
Apolipoprotein E and Peptide Mimetics Modulate Inflammation by Binding the SET Protein and Activating Protein Phosphatase 2A (2011)

The molecular mechanism by which apolipoprotein E (apoE) suppresses inflammatory cytokine and NO production is unknown. Using an affinity purification approach, we found that peptide mimetics of apoE, derived from its receptor binding domain residues 130-150, bound to the SET protein, which is a potent physiological inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Both holo-apoE protein and apoE-mimetic peptides bound to the C-terminal region of SET, which is then associated with an increase in PP2A-mediated phosphatase activity. As physiological substrates for PP2A, the LPS-induced phosphorylation status of signaling MAPK and Akt kinase is reduced following treatment with apoE-mimetic peptides. On the basis of our previous report, in which apoE-mimetic peptides reduced I-κB kinase and NF-κB activation, we also demonstrate a mechanism for reduced production of inducible NO synthase protein and its NO product. These data provide evidence for a novel molecular mechanism by which apoE and apoE-mimetic peptides antagonize SET, thereby enhancing endogenous PP2A phosphatase activity, which reduces levels of phosphorylated kinases, signaling, and inflammatory response.
Growth of HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ thin films on LaAlO3 substrates using fast temperature ramping Hg-vapor annealing (1996)

The fast temperature ramping Hg-vapor annealing (FTRA) process has been used for growth of superconducting Hg-based cuprate thin films on (100) LaAlO3 substrates. The film/substrate interface chemical reactions and the formation of a CaHgO2 impurity phase have been effectively reduced with adoption of the FTRA process. A zero-resistance superconducting transition temperature of 128 K and critical current densities of up to 1.4×106 A/cm2 at 77 K and 2.5×105 A/cm2 at 110 K and zero field have been obtained.
Influence of thermal properties on residual stresses in SLM of aerospace alloys (2019)

Purpose Residual stresses are induced during selective laser melting (SLM) because of rapid melting, solidification and build plate removal. This paper aims to examine the thermal cycle, residual stresses and part distortions for selected aerospace materials (i.e. Ti-6Al-4V, stainless steel 316L and Invar 36) using a thermo-mechanical finite element model. The numerical results are validated and compared to experimental data. Design/methodology/approach The model predicts the residual stress and part distortion after build plate removal. The residual stress field is validated using X-ray diffraction method and the part distortion is validated using dimensional measurements. Findings The trends found in the numerical results agree with those found experimentally. Invar 36 had the lowest tensile residual stresses because of its lowest coefficient of thermal expansion. The residual stresses of stainless steel 316L were lower than those of Ti-6Al-4V because of its high thermal diffusivity. Research limitations/implications The model predicts residual stresses at the optimal SLM process parameters. However, using any other process conditions could cause void formation and/or alloying element vaporization, which would require the inclusion of melt pool physics in the model. Originality/value The paper explains the influence of the coefficient of thermal expansion and thermal diffusivity on the induced thermal stresses using experimental and numerical results. The methodology can be used to predict the part distortions and residual stresses in complex designs of any of the three materials under optimal SLM process parameters.
Unequal Error Protection for Scalable Video Storage in the Cloud (2017)

Redundancy is necessary for a storage system to achieve reliability. Frequent errors in large-scale storage systems, for example, cloud, make it desirable to reduce the cost of recovery. Among all types of data in cloud storage, videos generally occupy significant amounts of space due to high volumes and the rapid development of video sharing and video-on-demand services. Unlike general data, videos can tolerate a certain level of quality degradation. This paper investigates multilayer video representations, such as scalable videos and simulcast streaming, and proposes an unequal error protection scheme based on local reconstruction codes (LRC) for video storage. By providing less protection for less important layers or video copies, a better tradeoff between storage and repair cost is achieved. Both theoretical and simulation results show that such a tradeoff can be achieved over the LRC with equal error protection, though the recovered video quality might be slightly lower in rare cases.
Concurrency control in groupware systems (1989)

Groupware systems are computer-based systems that support two or more users engaged in a common task, and that provide an interface to a shared environment. These systems frequently require fine-granularity sharing of data and fast response times. This paper distinguishes real-time groupware systems from other multi-user systems and discusses their concurrency control requirements. An algorithm for concurrency control in real-time groupware systems is then presented. The advantages of this algorithm are its simplicity of use and its responsiveness: users can operate directly on the data without obtaining locks. The algorithm must know some semantics of the operations. However the algorithm's overall structure is independent of the semantic information, allowing the algorithm to be adapted to many situations. An example application of the algorithm to group text editing is given, along with a sketch of its proof of correctness in this particular case. We note that the behavior desired in many of these systems is non-serializable.
Outcomes of the GORE Iliac Branch Endoprosthesis in clinical trial and real-world registry settings (2018)

Midterm IDE outcomes and 6-month outcomes in the worldwide GREAT registry suggest that endovascular aortic aneurysm repair with concomitant CIA aneurysm repair with the IBE device is safe and effective. Thrombotic events are uncommon and are concentrated in the first month after the index procedure, and they typically can be resolved with endovascular reintervention.
Model for the Controlled Synthesis of O-Antigen Repeat Units Involving the WaaL Ligase (2015)

The Wzx/Wzy O-antigen pathway involves synthesis of a repeat unit (O unit) consisting of 3 to 8 sugars on an inner-membrane-embedded lipid carrier. These O units are translocated across the membrane to its periplasmic face by Wzx, while retaining linkage to the carrier, and then polymerized by Wzy to O-antigen polymer, which WaaL ligase transfers to a lipopolysaccharide precursor to complete lipopolysaccharide synthesis, concomitantly releasing the lipid carrier. This lipid carrier is also used for peptidoglycan assembly, and sequestration is known to be toxic. Thus, O-unit synthesis must involve precise regulation to meet demand but avoid overproduction. Here we show that loss of WaaL reverses a known growth defect in a Salmonella mutant that otherwise accumulates O-unit intermediates and propose that WaaL is also involved in a novel feedback mechanism to regulate O-unit synthesis, based on the availability of O units on the periplasmic face of the membrane.
Clinical and Biochemical Analysis in Infection-Associated Stroke (1995)

Recent infection may be associated with a more severe postischemic deficit and with an increased risk of stroke from cardioembolic origin and from cervical arterial dissection.
Loss of NADPH Oxidase–Derived Superoxide Skews Macrophage Phenotypes to Delay Type 1 Diabetes (2014)

Macrophages are early islet-infiltrating cells seen in type 1 diabetes (T1D). While proinflammatory M1 macrophages induce T1D, M2 macrophages have been shown to delay this autoimmune disease in nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, but the environmental cues that govern macrophage polarization and differentiation remain unresolved. We previously demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T1D, as NOD mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide (Ncf1(m1J)) were protected against T1D partly because of blunted Toll-like receptor-dependent macrophage responses. We provide evidence that NOX-derived ROS contribute to macrophage differentiation in T1D. During spontaneous diabetes progression, T1D-resistant NOD.Ncf1(m1J) islet-resident macrophages displayed a dampened M1 and increased M2 phenotype. The transfer of diabetogenic T cells into NOX-deficient NOD.Rag.Ncf1(m1J) recipients resulted in decreased TNF-α(+) and IL-1β(+) islet-infiltrating M1 macrophages and a concomitant enhancement in arginase-1(+) M2 macrophages. Mechanistic analysis of superoxide-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a marked diminution in a proinflammatory M1 phenotype due to decreased P-STAT1 (Y701) and interferon regulatory factor 5 compared with NOD mice. We have therefore defined a novel mechanistic link between NOX-derived ROS and macrophage phenotypes, and implicated superoxide as an important factor in macrophage differentiation. Thus, targeting macrophage redox status may represent a promising therapy in halting human T1D.
Darstellung oberflächenaktiver Polymethincyanin‐Farbstoffe mit langen <i>N</i>‐Alkyl‐Ketten (1971)

Abstract Die Synthese von Farbstoffen (Mono‐, Tri‐ und Penta‐methincyanine, Merocyanine sowie ein Azacyanin) mit langen Paraffin‐Ketten (am heterocyclisch gebundenen N‐Atom bzw. am Amin‐N‐Atom) wird beschrieben. Aufgrund der langen Alkyl‐Ketten sind diese Farbstoffe oberflächenaktiv und lassen sich in monomolekulare Schichtsysteme einbauen.
Risk Assessment in IT Infrastructure (2020)

Due to large-scale digitization of data and information in various application domains, the evolution of ubiquitous computing platforms and the growth and usage of the Internet, industries are moving towards a new era of technology. With this revolution, the IT infrastructure of industries is rapidly undergoing a continuous change. However, the insecure communication channel; intelligent adversaries in and out of the scene; and loopholes in the software and system development add complexity in deployment of the IT infrastructure in place. In addition, the heterogeneous service level requirements from the customers, service providers, users, along with implementation policies in industries add complexity to this problem. Hence, it is necessary to assess the risk associated with the deployment of the IT infrastructure in industries to ensure the security of the assets involved. In this chapter, we present an efficient risk assessment mechanism in IT infrastructure deployment in industries, which ensures a strong security perimeter over the underlying organizational resources.
Phosphate Deficiency in Maize. IV. Changes in Amounts of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase during the Course of Phosphate Deprivation (1993)

Journal Article Phosphate Deficiency in Maize. IV. Changes in Amounts of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase during the Course of Phosphate Deprivation Get access Hideaki Usuda, Hideaki Usuda Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo UniversityOhtsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-03 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kousuke Shimogawara Kousuke Shimogawara Laboratory of Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Teikyo UniversityOhtsuka, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-03 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 34, Issue 5, July 1993, Pages 767–770, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078481 Published: 01 July 1993 Article history Received: 20 January 1992 Accepted: 14 April 1993 Published: 01 July 1993
The calculation of atomic fields (1927)

The theoretical calculation of observable atomic constants is often only possible if the effective electric field inside the atom is known. Some fields have been calculated to fit observed data but for many elements no such fields are available. In the following paper a method is given by which approximate fields can easily be determined for heavy atoms from theoretical considerations alone.
Race equality and health service management: the professional interface. (2007)

The Amicus/CPHVA Equalities Committee is working to educate and support the workforce on equity and diversity. There is a strong focus on the race equality agenda. A work pack has been developed to help members challenge racism in the work place. It can be argued that racism remains endemic within the NHS and within professional employment structures. Policy and strategic development has so far done little to challenge the situation. Practitioners must be accountable for challenging their own stance on race equality and must be active in supporting equity within the work place.
Vascular Dementia: Challenge of Clinical Diagnosis (1997)

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia. In addition, cerebrovascular diseases (CVD) coexist with other causes of dementia. Cognitive impairment related to CVD may be preventable and these patients could benefit from therapy, which emphasizes the importance of early detection and accurate diagnosis of VaD. The conventional concept of VaD is that of multi-infarct dementia (MID). However, VaD is not only MID; it relates to different vascular mechanisms and different changes in the brain, and has different clinical manifestations with different causes. Critical conceptual questions include the cognitive syndrome and the vascular causes. It is unclear whether the conventional concept of dementia is appropriate or should be substituted with a milder and broader definition, such as vascular cognitive impairment. Furthermore, there is confusion about the causes, especially the role of lesion characteristics and the noninfarct factors. The current diagnostic criteria for VaD are based on the infarct concept. The NINDS-AIREN criteria include dementia, CVD, and a relationship between these two disorders. The criteria define the CVD and the relationship between dementia and CVD, and list supporting clinical features for the diagnosis of VaD, as well as features that make the diagnosis uncertain. The interrater reliability of these criteria is moderate to substantial (kappa .46 to .72). The expected antemortem accuracy using these criteria approaches 90%. The challenge is to correctly diagnose combined cases with both vascular and Alzheimer-type pathology. Main tools in the diagnosis include a detailed medical history, neurological examination, clinical or neuropsychological mental status examination, and basic laboratory examinations. Brain imaging should always be performed, preferably using magnetic resonance imaging. The diagnosis, especially in early cases, is usually made by a neurologist. The challenge for the primary care physician is to identify the early cases needing further examinations and organizing treatment and follow-up after diagnosis.
Magnetic recording for computers (1972)

Peripheral data-storage units based on magnetic recording play a major role in computer systems. They have access times ranging from tens of milliseconds to seconds, contrasting with the microsecond or submicrosecond performance of core or semiconductor main-frame stores, but provide an online storage capacity of millions of characters at costs of ‘millipence’ per bit. The major components are the magnetic-recording or storage medium, the recording head, the transport mechanism and the electronics. The transport mechanism moves the heads and medium accurately with respect to each other; the control electronics control the mechanism in response to computer command; and the data-channel electronics, acting through the recording heads, write and read data to and from the storage medium. In the paper, the functions and general performance parameters of these units are reviewed, and the basic magnetic-recording principles are explained, with emphasis on the design of the recording medium and heads. Exchangeable-disc stores and magnetic-tape transports are then described in some detail, and attention is drawn to the level of development in many closely related branches of engineering that makes the present overall performance possible. Other magnetic peripheral stores such as drum and magnetic-card files are briefly reviewed, and the paper concludes by considering the limits of this technology and briefly discussing possible future technologies in this area.
Characterization of immortalized mesenchymal stem cells derived from foetal porcine pancreas (2010)

Islet replacement therapy is limited by shortage of donor islet cells. Usage of islet cells derived from porcine pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) is currently viewed as the most promising alternative for human islet transplantation. However, PSCs are rare and have a finite proliferative lifespan. In this study, we isolated and established an immortalized mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) line derived from foetal porcine pancreas, by transfecting human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and called these immortalized pancreatic mesenchymal stem cells (iPMSCs). The iPMSCs have been cultured for more than 80 passages and have capacity to differentiate into neurons, cardiomyocytes, germ cells and islet-like cells, analysed by morphology, RT-PCR, western blotting, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and transplantation assay. Islets derived from iPMSCs reversed hyperglycaemia in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and secreted insulin and C-peptide in vitro. These results demonstrated that iPMSCs might provide unlimited resources for islet replacement therapy and models for functional cell differentiation.
A Causal Role for Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep (2008)

Slow-wave activity (SWA), the EEG power between 0.5 and 4 Hz during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, is one of the best characterized markers of sleep need, because it increases as a function of preceding waking duration and decreases during sleep, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We hypothesized that SWA is high at sleep onset because it reflects the occurrence, during the previous waking period, of widespread synaptic potentiation in cortical and subcortical areas. Consistent with this hypothesis, we recently showed that the more rats explore, the stronger is the cortical expression of BDNF during wakefulness, and the larger is the increase in SWA during the subsequent sleep period. There is compelling evidence that BDNF plays a causal role in synaptic potentiation, and exogenous application of BDNF in vivo is sufficient to induce long-term increases in synaptic strength. We therefore performed cortical unilateral microinjections of BDNF in awake rats and measured SWA during the subsequent sleep period. SWA during NREM sleep was higher in the injected hemisphere relative to the contralateral one. The effect was reversible within 2 h, and did not occur during wakefulness or rapid eye movement sleep. Asymmetries in NREM SWA did not occur after vehicle injections. Furthermore, microinjections, during wakefulness, of a polyclonal anti-BDNF antibody or K252a, an inhibitor of BDNF TrkB receptors, led to a local SWA decrease during the following sleep period. These effects were also reversible and specific for NREM sleep. These results show a causal link between BDNF expression during wakefulness and subsequent sleep regulation.
Tobacco‐specific <i>N</i> ‐nitrosamines and <i>ARECA‐</i> derived <i>N</i> ‐nitrosamines: Chemistry, biochemistry, carcinogenicity, and relevance to humans (1994)

Nicotine and the minor tobacco alkaloids give rise to tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA) during tobacco processing and during smoking. Chemical-analytical studies led to the identification of seven TSNA in smokeless tobacco (< or = 25 micrograms/g) and in mainstream smoke of cigarettes (1.3 micrograms TSNA/cigarette). Indoor air polluted by tobacco smoke may contain up to 24 pg/L of TSNA. In mice, rats, and hamsters, three TSNA, N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), are powerful carcinogens; two TSNA are moderately active as carcinogens; and two TSNA appear not to be carcinogenic. The TSNA are procarcinogens, agents that require metabolic activation. The active forms of the carcinogenic TSNA react with cellular components, including DNA, and with hemoglobin (Hb). The Hb adducts in chewers and smokers serve as biomarkers for the uptake and metabolic activation of carcinogenic TSNA and the urinary excretion of NNAL as free alcohol and as glucuronide for the uptake of TSNA. The review presents evidence that strongly supports the concept that TSNA contribute to the increased risk for cancer of the upper digestive tract in tobacco chewers and for the increased risk of lung cancer, especially pulmonary adenocarcinoma, in smokers. The high incidence of cancer of the upper digestive tract especially among men on the Indian subcontinent has been causally associated with chewing of betel quid mixed with tobacco. In addition to the TSNA, the betel quid chewers are exposed to four N-nitrosamines that are formed during chewing from the Areca alkaloids, two of these N-nitrosamines are carcinogens. The article also reviews approaches toward the reduction of the carcinogenic potency of smokeless tobacco, betel quid-tobacco mixtures, and cigarette smoke. Although the safest way to reduce the risk for tobacco-related cancers is to refrain from chewing and smoking, modifications of smokeless tobacco and of cigarettes are indicated to lead to less toxic products. Another more recent approach for reducing the carcinogenic effect of tobacco products is the application of chemopreventive agents, primarily of micronutrients. Future aspects in tobacco carcinogenesis, especially as it relates to TSNA, are expected in the field of molecular biochemistry and in biomarker studies, with the goal of identifying those tobacco and betel quid chewers and tobacco smokers who are at especially high risk for cancer.