gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusually Sharp Dependence of Water Exchange Rate versus Lanthanide Ionic Radii for a Series of Tetraamide Complexes (2002)

The tetraamide ligand, DOTA-tetra(glycine ethyl ester), forms complexes with the lanthanide(III) cations that exist in solution predominantly as the square antiprism structure with single, slowly exchanging inner-sphere water molecule. Variable-temperature 1H and 17O NMR studies revealed that the bound water lifetimes in these complexes were sharply dependent upon the ionic radius of Ln3+ cation. A novel lanthanide-induced shift technique was used to unmask the bound water 17O resonance of SmL3+ and YL3+ complexes from the bulk water resonance. The bound water lifetime (tauM298) was approximately 800 mus in the EuL3+ complex but became much shorter (several microseconds) for Ln3+ cations with larger and smaller ionic radii. This demonstrates that water exchange is exquisitely fine-tuned in this macrocyclic tetraamide system and that a variety of Ln3+ complexes meet with the exchange requirement, Deltaomega*tauM >/= 1, necessary for an efficient MT agent.
Experimental evaluation of various machine learning regression methods for model identification of autonomous underwater vehicles (2017)

In this work we investigate the identification of a motion model for an autonomous underwater vehicle by applying different machine learning (ML) regression methods. By using the data collected from the robot's on-board navigation sensors, we train the regression models to learn the damping term which is regarded as one of the most uncertain components of the motion model. Four regression techniques are investigated namely, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, kernel ridge regression, and Gaussian processes regression. The performance of the identified models is tested through real experimental scenarios performed with the AUV Leng. The novelty of this work is the identification of an underwater vehicle's motion model, for the first time, through machine learning methods by using the robot's onboard sensory data. Results show that the damping model learned with nonlinear methods yield better estimates than the simplified linear and quadratic model which is identified with least-squares technique.
[Interest of gene amplification by PCR for the diagnosis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in the child]. (1998)

Between december 1996 and february 1998, rhinopharyngeal and tracheal aspirates from 165 children exhibiting symptoms compatible with M. pneumoniae infection were tested by a PCR method using in the same tube primers specific for M. pneumoniae P1 adhesin gene and for a human control gene. The positive cases were controlled using culture and/or serology. PCR was positive in 22 out of 165 samples (13.3%); an evaluation of the clinical and biological data was possible in 20 of these infected children. From 17 PCR positive respiratory samples tested by culture, 13 (76.5%) grew M. pneumoniae. From 14 serum specimens tested by ELISA, 12 exhibited specific IgM (3 of them with low titers); cold agglutinins were detected in all 7 tested sera. Only one case was not confirmed by any of the 3 former markers. The mean age of patients was 8.1 years. The main clinical symptoms included fever > 38 degrees C, cough, clinical and radiological pneumonia in 90, 95, 50 and 85% of cases, respectively. Neurological symptoms were the main clinical manifestation in 3 patients; another child exhibited a pneumonia associated to an hemophagocytic syndrome and a bone marrow failure which needed a graft. These results emphasize the value of PCR for the rapid diagnosis of M. pneumoniae infection in children.
Herd Behavior in Financial Markets: A Review (2000)

Policymakers often express concern that herding by financial market participants destabilizes markets and increases the fragility of the financial system. This paper provides an overview of the recent theoretical and empirical research on herd behavior in financial markets. It addresses the following questions: What precisely do we mean by herding? What could be the causes of herd behavior? What success have existing studies had in identifying such behavior? And what effect does herding have on financial markets?
Spectral subtraction-based speech enhancement for cochlear implant patients in background noise (2005)

A single-channel speech enhancement algorithm utilizing speech pause detection and nonlinear spectral subtraction is proposed for cochlear implant patients in the present study. The spectral subtraction algorithm estimates the short-time spectral magnitude of speech by subtracting the estimated noise spectral magnitude from the noisy speech spectral magnitude. The artifacts produced by spectral subtraction (such as “musical noise”) were significantly reduced by combining variance-reduced gain function and spectral flooring. Sentence recognition by seven cochlear implant subjects was tested under different noisy listening conditions (speech-shaped noise and 6-talker speech babble at +9, +6, +3, and 0 dB SNR) with and without the speech enhancement algorithm. For speech-shaped noise, performance for all subjects at all SNRs was significantly improved by the speech enhancement algorithm; for speech babble, performance was only modestly improved. The results suggest that the proposed speech enhancement algorithm may be beneficial for implant users in noisy listening.
20407 Effects of substrate traversing on film deposition in atmospheric thermal plasma CVD using vortex Ar plasma (2013)

In this study, to obtain a large deposition area, a nozzle producing vortex At plasma jet was fabricated, and titanium dioxide films was deposited by using atmospheric thermal plasma chemical vapor deposition(TPCVD). With the vortex jet, feedstock can be combusted in a relatively large area, and films can be vaporized uniformly on the substrate. It was proved that T102 films could be deposited in the condition of 673K in deposition temperature using the vortex nozzle. Anatase form and rutile form were both detected in the XRD, and composition of the film is hoped to be controlled by changed the deposition conditions.
Synthesis of aminomethylazetidines regioselective reactions of mesyloxymethylazetidinones with nucleophiles II (2006)

Two efficient methods have been developed for the synthesis of variously substituted 2-aminomethylazetidine derivatives 5 by regioselective nucleophilic substitution of 4-mesyloxymethylazetidin-2-ones 3 followed by reduction or by reduction of the appropriate 4-oxo-azetidine-2-carboxamides 7. A novel ring transformation of 4-oxoazetidine-2-carboxamides 7 into tetrahydroquinolines 16 by reaction with lithium aluminium hydride/aluminium trichloride has been investigated.
Direct monitoring of underwater ultrasonic transducers in the near field using fibre Bragg grating sensors (2009)

The interaction of fibre Bragg grating sensors with ultrasonic acoustic waves in water is investigated in the near field region of a 1-3 piezocomposite transducer. Longitudinal and transverse strain coupling is studied using two different grating designs and high fidelity measurement of the emitted field was demonstrated.
Disulfide-Cleavage-Triggered Chemosensors and Their Biological Applications (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTDisulfide-Cleavage-Triggered Chemosensors and Their Biological ApplicationsMin Hee Lee†, Zhigang Yang†, Choon Woo Lim‡, Yun Hak Lee†, Sun Dongbang†, Chulhun Kang*‡, and Jong Seung Kim*†View Author Information† Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea‡ East−West Medical Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Korea*C.K.: e-mail, [email protected]. J.S.K.: e-mail, [email protected]; fax, 82-2-3290-3121.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2013, 113, 7, 5071–5109Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2013Publication History Received25 August 2012Published online12 April 2013Published inissue 10 July 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr300358bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr300358breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19108Altmetric-Citations693LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Disulfides,Fluorescence,Nanoparticles,Pharmaceuticals,Thiols Get e-Alerts
Monitoring the Sizes of Denatured Ensembles of Staphylococcal Nuclease Proteins:  Implications Regarding <i>m</i> Values, Intermediates, and Thermodynamics (1998)

Fluorescence and size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) are used to monitor urea denaturation of wild-type staphylococcal nuclease (SN) as well as the m+ and m- mutants A69T and V66W, respectively. It is found that the SEC partition coefficient, 1/Kd, is directly proportional to the Stokes radii of proteins. From the Stokes radii, the denatured ensembles of the three proteins are found to be highly compact in the limit of low urea concentration and expand significantly with increasing urea concentration. The m values from fluorescence-detected denaturation of the SN proteins are generally considered to reflect the relative sizes of denatured ensembles. However, the rank order of m values of the SN proteins studied do not correspond to the rank order of denatured ensemble sizes detected by 1/Kd, suggesting that m values reflect more than just surface area increases on denaturation. SEC provides two complementary ways to demonstrate the existence of intermediates in urea denaturation and illustrates that V66W undergoes a three-state transition. Fluorescence-detected urea denaturations of A69T and wt SN do not correspond with 1/Kd-detected denaturation profiles, a result that would ordinarily mean that the transitions are non-two-state. However, this interpretation fails to recognize the rapidly changing size and thermodynamic character of the denatured ensembles of these proteins both within and outside of the transition zone. The implications of the changing sizes and thermodynamic character of the denatured ensembles for SN proteins are manifold, requiring a reconsideration of the thermodynamics of proteins whose denatured ensembles behave as those of SN proteins.
Differential coupling of G‐protein‐linked receptors to Ca<sup>2+</sup> mobilization through inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate or ryanodine receptors in cerebellar granule cells in primary culture (1999)

Rat cerebellar granule cells in primary culture possess muscarinic, metabotropic glutamatergic, histaminergic and alpha-adrenergic receptors which couple to phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C. We have determined the ability of these receptors to elevate inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate and to release intracellular calcium, in order to establish the correlation between these two responses. In resting cerebellar granule cells, only the muscarinic agonist carbachol evoked significant increases in both inositol(1,4, 5)trisphosphate and cytoplasmic free Ca2+. Mild depolarization (20 mM KCl) enhanced inositol(1,4,5)trisphosphate elevation by carbachol and histamine, but not by noradrenaline or the metabotropic glutamate agonist 1S,3R ACPD. In contrast, Ca2+-release responses were modified differently by 20 mM KCl-depolarization: the responses to carbachol, histamine and 1S,3R ACPD, but not the responses to noradrenaline, were markedly enhanced. The contribution of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+-release channels (ryanodine receptors) to the calcium release signal in depolarized cells was determined. Ryanodine (10 microM) inhibited most effectively the cytoplasmic Ca2+ elevation evoked by 1S,3R ACPD (> 90%), while Ca2+ release upon stimulation by carbachol and histamine was only inhibited by approximately 60% and remained larger than in the absence of KCl. Our data are consistent with a specific coupling between metabotropic glutamate receptors and ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+-release channels which may not require generation of inositol(1, 4,5)trisphosphate.
Synthese der Epiminozucker (1970)

Abstract Two-step conversion of aldehydes to 2-monosubstituted aziridines has been extended to sugar derivatives. Treating O,O′-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde with benzenesulfonyl chloride and sodium cyanide, 2-benzenesulfonyloxy-3,4-isopropylidenedioxybutyronitrile is obtained as a mixture of the diastereomers in a good yield, and is converted to the corresponding ketalaziridine, 2-(1,2-isopropylidenedioxyethyl)aziridine, by the reduction with lithium aluminum hydride. When the partially racemized isopropylideneglyceraldehyde is used, the diastereomers obtained are successfully separated by the fractional recrystallization. Each diastereomeric α-sulfonyloxynitrile is reduced by lithium aluminum hydride to afford the ketalaziridine, which is p-nitrobenzoylated and rearranged to the derivative of 1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-amino-butane by means of sodium iodide. Analogously, 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-glucopentodialdo-1,4-furanose was converted to two urononitriles, 3-O-benzyl-5-O-benzenesulfonyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-d-gluco-furanurononitrile and the epimeric β-l-idofuranurononitrile. The reduction of the former yielded 5,6-epimino-5,6-dideoxy-β-l-idofuranose.
Shelf life Studies of Pralidoxime Chloride Solution in Autoinjector Cartridges Stored at Room Temperature (2008)

The pralidoxime chloride (PAM) cartridge in a reusable autoinjector consists of 300 mg/mL of pralidoxime chloride in 2.2 mL solution with a shelf life of one year. The present study is aimed at evaluating the antidotal efficacy of PAM filled in the cartridges at (stored at room temperature of 25–35°C) different time points using three different methods to determine the shelf life. The study showed that administration of atropine sulfate or freshly prepared pralidoxime chloride alone did not offer appreciable protection as measured by Protection Index (PI) against either diisopropylphosphorofluoridate (DFP) or dichlorvos (DDVP) in male mice. The combined treatment of atropine sulfate and samples of pralidoxime chloride, one after the other but close in time, showed far better protection. Atropine sulfate antagonizes the actions of acetylcholine and PAM reactivates the inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme. In the case of DDVP, treatment with atropine sulfate and all the samples of pralidoxime chloride (freshly prepared, and 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months old) offered a PI of 26.9. On the other hand, DFP intoxication and subsequent treatment with atropine sulfate and all the samples of PAM showed varying PI. It was observed that maximum PI (38.3) could be achieved with 12 months old PAM sample compared to freshly prepared solution. Minimum PI (13.3) was observed with 36 months old PAM sample. This decrease in PI can not be attributed to the less percent reactivation (91.3%) of isopropyl methyl phosphonofluoridate (Sarin) inhibited electric eel AChE by PAM, as both the parameters i.e. PI (26.9) of DDVP and estimation of active PAM (99.5±5.9%) are not in agreement. We assume that the said change may be due to biological variation and high toxicity of DFP (4 times more toxic than that of DDVP). It may be concluded that (i) Pralidoxime chloride filled and stored in autoinjector cartridges has storage stability of more than 2 years, (ii) it also has an appreciable activity in terms of protection index, percent reactivation of sarin inhibited electric eel acetylcholinesterase and (iii) estimation of active PAM for three years.
The design of the general function generator module based on VXIbus (2002)

The design of a VXIbus general function generator module is presented in this paper. The module consists of a primary interface and a secondary interface. Because the VXIbus standard which is the latest test and measurement bus is adopted in the primary interface, the general function generator can be used to built conveniently a test system with the other instrument modules and the embedded controller or the external computer. A technique of direct digital synthesis is used in secondary interface to produce each basic waveform and AM signal modulated by sinusoid and pulse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced Light Source storage ring RF system (2003)

The ALS (Advanced Light Source) RF system splits 300 kW of CW 500-MHz power between two single cell cavities. Compared to past practice this power rating is high. The use of only two cavities, however, has some advantages. It simplifies the waveguide feed system and releases room in straight sections for insertion devices; more importantly, it reduces higher-order-mode and beam impedance problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Additive value of immunologic monitoring to histologic grading of heart allograft biopsy specimens: implications for therapy. (1996)

Monitoring of rejection with lymphocyte growth assay is a simple method which provides prognostic information on the outcome of cardiac allografts. Lymphocyte growth assay correlates with histologic rejection and is predictive of future histologic rejection episodes. Lymphocyte growth assay also predicts subsequent development of antihuman leukocyte antigen antibodies and thus may provide a useful method for ascertaining the onset of chronic rejection.
Comparative Based Analysis of Scheduling Algorithms for Resource Management in Cloud Computing Environment (2013)

Cloud Computing (CC) is emerging as the next generation platform which would facilitate the user on pa y as you use mode as per requirement. It provides a number of benefits which could not otherwise be realized. The primary aim of CC is to provide efficient access to remote and geogra phically distributed resources. A scheduling algori thm is needed to manage the access to the different resources. There are di fferent types of resource scheduling technologies i n CC environment. These are implemented at different levels based on differ ent parameters like cost, performance, resource uti lization, time, priority, physical distances, throughput, bandwidth, resource availability etc. In this research paper various types of resource allocation scheduling algorithms that provide efficient cloud services have been surveyed and analyzed. Based on the study of different algorithms, a classification of the scheduling algo rithms on the basis of selected features has been p resented. Keywords-Cloud computing, Scheduling algorithms, Resource allocation, Open source, Virtual Machine
Electrolytic Deposition of Thin Metal Films on Semiconductor Substrates (1977)

Electrolytic deposition of metals on semiconductor electrodes was studied by a potentiostatic pulse method. Experimental data for the deposition of Pb, Ag, and Pd on , , , , and are analyzed to obtain information regarding the mechanism of deposition and the structure of the deposits. The results suggest that the actual overpotential required for the deposition of a metal depends on the relative position of the redox potential of the metal with respect to the flatband potential of the semiconductor while the nucleation behavior of the metal is influenced by the difference in work functions of the depositing metal and the substrate.
Phase IIa Clinical Trial of Trans-1-Amino-3-(18)F-Fluoro-Cyclobutane Carboxylic Acid in Metastatic Prostate Cancer. (2014)

The results of this phase IIa clinical trial indicated the safety of anti-(18)F-FACBC in patients with prostate cancer and the potential of anti-(18)F-FACBC PET to delineate primary prostate lesions and metastatic lesions. This clinical trial was registered as JapicCTI-101326.
Joint Design of Access Point Selection and Path Planning for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-assisted communication is envisioned as a potential solution to the data traffic explosion in the massive machine-type communications (mMTC) scenario. In this article, we investigate the UAV-assisted cellular networks, where a UAV acts as a flying relay to offload part of the data traffic from the overloaded cell to another. We utilize the practical spatial distribution of data traffic and a convincing air-to-ground channel model. The quality of service (QoS) is defined as a UAV utility function which is designed based on a packet loss ratio (PLR)-related users' cost function to represent the performance improvements brought by the UAV. We formulate a joint optimization problem to maximize the UAV utility function and then decompose it into the subproblems about the access point selection and the UAV path planning, which influence the PLR by influencing the packet collision rate and channel state. Since the access point selection subproblem is NP-hard, a game-theory-based distributed algorithm is proposed, instructing the users to select the base station (BS) or the UAV as the access point autonomously. To achieve the most superior channel state, we solve the UAV path planning subproblem by a deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based approach, instructing the UAV to take the optimal action in each position. The simulation results show that the proposed access point selection scheme can significantly reduce the average cost of users and the proposed UAV path planning method can achieve a path with smaller average channel pathloss compared with other approaches.
Monte Carlo AVO analysis for lithofacies classification (2006)

The objective of this work is to use AVO intercept and gradient, in conjunction with well‐log petrophysics analysis, to discriminate and classify lithofacies in a shaly sand reservoir. Careful log and core analysis, and rock physics modeling was used to identify the important seismic litho‐classes. Monte Carlo AVO simulations based on statistical rock physics were used to set up the class‐conditioned probability distributions (pdfs) of intercept and gradient. The effect of thin‐layer anisotropy on the probability distributions of AVO intercept and gradient was considered by simulating various realizations of sand‐shale thin layers. Monte Carlo simulations, by taking into account distributions of values instead of single average values, help to avoid the flaw of averages (Mukerji and Mavko, 2005). Monte Carlo simulations also give us confidence intervals and other measures of uncertainty. Computations using averages and average trends alone do not give any indication of the uncertainty due to the variability in the properties. The pdfs were then used to classify the seismic AVO intercept and gradient cubes to estimate the most‐likely facies and obtain lithofacies probability cubes.