gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A monolithic Ka-band 0.25 mu m GaAs MESFET transmitter for high volume production (1992)

A monolithic Ka-band transmitter consisting of a voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and a power amplifier using 0.25 mu m MESFET technology has been developed for high volume production. An output power of 21.5 dBm at 35.4 GHz with a tuning range of 600 MHz has been achieved. Hundreds of these monolithic transmitters have been fabricated, and an RF yield of 40% has ben achieved from the GaAs MMIC pilot line based on the total number of wafers started. The high yield obtained from this high level integration of multifunctional MMIC chips indicates the maturity of the design and processing capability of millimeter-wave (MMW) GaAs MESFET technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
p53 Induces Apoptosis by Caspase Activation through Mitochondrial Cytochrome c Release (2000)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is critically involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA repair, and programmed cell death. Several lines of evidence suggest that p53 death signals lead to caspase activation; however, the mechanism of caspase activation by p53 still is unclear. Expressing wild type p53 by means of an adenoviral expression vector, we were able to induce apoptotic cell death, as characterized by morphological changes, phosphatidylserine externalization, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, in p53(null) Saos-2 cells. This cell death was accompanied by caspase activation as well as by cleavage of caspase substrates and was preceded by mitochondrial cytochrome c release. The addition of the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD-fmk) directly after transduction almost completely prevented p53-induced apoptotic cell death but did not inhibit mitochondrial cytochrome c release. In contrast, N-acetylcysteine, even at high concentrations, could not prevent induction of programmed cell death by p53 expression. Cytosolic extracts from Saos-2 cells transduced with p53, but not from Saos-2 cells transduced with the empty adenoviral vector, contained a cytochrome c-releasing activity in vitro, which was still active in the presence of zVAD-fmk. When Bax was immunodepleted from the cytosolic extracts of p53-expressing cells before incubation with isolated mitochondria, the in vitro cytochrome c release was abolished. Thus, we could demonstrate in cells and in vitro that p53 activates the apoptotic machinery through induction of the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Furthermore, we provide in vitro evidence for the requirement of cytosolic Bax for this cytochrome c-releasing activity of p53 in Saos-2 cells.
A low harmonic electric drive system based on current-source-inverter (2002)

This paper presents a new electric motor drive system topology, which is based on a pulse-width-modulation (PWM) current source inverter (CSI). It is aimed at reducing the current harmonics drawn from paper mill distribution systems and the electric utility. Meanwhile, the voltage harmonics feeding into the electric motors are significantly reduced. Furthermore, the voltage rate of rise of the PWM-CSI drives is low compared to the currently dominated PWM voltage source inverter (VSI) based motor drive systems. The paper also presents a proposal to modify the current paper mill machine motor drive systems in order to achieve an overall low harmonic level. The new topology is verified by computer simulations. The problems of the new motor drive system are also described.
Strain relaxation mechanism in a <i>reverse compositionally</i> graded SiGe heterostructure (2007)

A concept of compositional reverse-grading (RG) in SiGe∕Si heteroepitaxy has been proposed, in which the graded layer lattice mismatch starts at the highest value at the RG/Si interface and decreases to a final mismatch at the SiGe/RG interface. Using various characterization techniques, the authors show that this low-dislocation-density strain relaxation mechanism relies on the large nucleation rates of misfit dislocations at the abrupt RG/Si interface and the reduction of threading dislocations at the SiGe/RG interface by facilitating glide. The RG concept enables the growth of high-quality relaxed epitaxial layer on a thin buffer layer, suitable as a substrate for many microelectronic and optoelectronic applications.
Fast digital fuzzy operation units using comparison look-ahead (2002)

A two-input digital fuzzy operation unit is developed for fuzzy operations. Multilevel comparison look-ahead is introduced for fast fuzzy operations. The proposed digital fuzzy operation unit has nearly the same speed as the fast adder. Two different designs of multiple-input digital fuzzy operation unit are described, and a comparison of the two design styles is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine on protein kinase C in rat brain and rabbit platelets <i>in vitro</i> (1997)

Protein kinase C (PKC), which participates in cellular responses to various stimuli such as hormones, neurotransmitters and growth factors, is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation. Desipramine, which is a tricyclic antidepressant, inhibited PKC activity in concentrations starting from 0.1 mmol/L in rat brain and its inhibitory effect on PKC activity did not involve competitive inhibition with calcium. However, rabbit platelets incubated with desipramine showed a biphasic dose-response change in PKC activity in vitro. The stimulatory effect of desipramine on PKC activity in rabbit platelets was observed over a concentration range of 0.5-2.0 mmol/L, and an inhibitory effect on PKC activity in platelets began to be seen at a concentration of 3.0 mmol/L desipramine. The stimulatory effects of desipramine and calcium on PKC activity in platelets appear to be occurring by the same mechanism. Several lines of evidence indicate that neurotransmitter uptake is linked to PKC activation. The present study supposes that the inhibitory effect of desipramine on neurotransmitter uptake may, at least in part, be associated with its inhibitory or stimulatory effect on PKC.
Automatic layout of silicon-on-silicon hybrid packages (1989)

In modern, high speed computer systems, performance and density limits are being set more by interconnection and packaging constraints than by transistor characteristics. The most severe limitation comes from the single-chip packages that carry the VLSI circuits. Multichip, silicon-on-silicon hybrid packages can significantly improve performance by eliminating this level of packaging. A system has been developed to automatically generate hybrid layouts given a schematic description and layouts of the VLSI circuits. This paper describes the hybrid technology, the design automation system foundation, and the hybrid layout system. This layout method, in combination with the fabrication technology, produces layouts that are 5 to 8 times more dense than the same circuits implemented with single-chip packages on printed circuit boards. Simulations show that clock speeds can be increased by a factor of two.
In Vivo Site-Specific Protein Tagging with Diverse Amines Using an Engineered Sortase Variant (2016)

Chemoenzymatic modification of proteins is an attractive option to create highly specific conjugates for therapeutics, diagnostics, or materials under gentle biological conditions. However, these methods often suffer from expensive specialized substrates, bulky fusion tags, low yields, and extra purification steps to achieve the desired conjugate. Staphylococcus aureus sortase A and its engineered variants are used to attach oligoglycine derivatives to the C-terminus of proteins expressed with a minimal LPXTG tag. This strategy has been used extensively for bioconjugation in vitro and for protein-protein conjugation in living cells. Here we show that an enzyme variant recently engineered for higher activity on oligoglycine has promiscuous activity that allows proteins to be tagged using a diverse array of small, commercially available amines, including several bioorthogonal functional groups. This technique can also be carried out in living Escherichia coli, enabling simple, inexpensive production of chemically functionalized proteins with no additional purification steps.
Maize (2008)

Abstract The worldwide interest in the production of biofuels from maize and other energy crops has prompted us to write this article. Maize is one the most important commercial crops in the world and is valued for its food, fiber, oil, and other by‐products. In this chapter, the advances in maize tissue culture and transformation, in gene discovery and expression optimization, and maize ethanol processing are reviewed. The position affirmed here is that technical advances in maize biotechnology make it today's model plant for ethanol recovery.
Serum uric acid, diuretic treatment and risk of cardiovascular events in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) (2000)

Serum uric acid independently predicts cardiovascular events in older persons with isolated systolic hypertension. Monitoring serum uric acid change during diuretic treatment may help to identify patients who will most benefit from treatment.
Daily Probiotic’s (Lactobacillus casei Shirota) Reduction of Infection Incidence in Athletes (2011)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a probiotic supplement during 4 mo of winter training in men and women engaged in endurance-based physical activities on incidence of upper respiratory-tract infections (URTIs) and immune markers. Eighty-four highly active individuals were randomized to probiotic (n = 42) or placebo (n = 42) groups and, under double-blind procedures, received probiotic (PRO: Lactobacillus casei Shirota [LcS]) or placebo (PLA) daily for 16 wk. Resting blood and saliva samples were collected at baseline and after 8 and 16 wk. Weekly training and illness logs were kept. Fifty-eight subjects completed the study (n = 32 PRO, n = 26 PLA). The proportion of subjects on PLA who experienced 1 or more weeks with URTI symptoms was 36% higher than those on PRO (PLA 0.90, PRO 0.66; p = .021). The number of URTI episodes was significantly higher (p < .01) in the PLA group (2.1 ± 1.2) than in the PRO group (1.2 ± 1.0). Severity and duration of symptoms were not significantly different between treatments. Saliva IgA concentration was higher on PRO than PLA, significant treatment effect F(1, 54) = 5.1, p = .03; this difference was not evident at baseline but was significant after 8 and 16 wk of supplementation. Regular ingestion of LcS appears to be beneficial in reducing the frequency of URTI in an athletic cohort, which may be related to better maintenance of saliva IgA levels during a winter period of training and competition.
Histopathology Associated with Elevated Levels of Growth Hormone and Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Transgenic Mice* (1989)

Serum levels of GH and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) were genetically increased to investigate the physiological activities of these proteins. Lines of mice expressing chimeric genes composed of bovine GH, human GRF, or human IGF-I coding sequences fused to the mouse metallothionein I promoter were examined for consequences of chronic exposure to high levels of these peptides. Animals with elevated serum levels of GH (either bovine GH or mouse GH) have selective splanchnomegaly coupled with glomerular sclerosis and hepatocellularmegaly. Serum levels of insulin and cholesterol are increased. In contrast (with the exception of selective enlargement of organs), the chronic expression of IGF-I results in a different pattern of abnormalities. These findings suggest that the pathogenesis of GH-related disorders is not mediated solely by IGF-I.
Enhanced expression of endoinulinase from <i>Aspergillus niger</i> by codon optimization in <i>Pichia pastoris</i> and its application in inulooligosaccharide production (2013)

In the present study, the endoinulinase gene (EnInu) from Aspergillus niger CICIM F0620 was optimized according to the codon usage of Pichia pastoris and both the native and the optimized gene were expressed in P. pastoris. Use of the optimized gene resulted in the secretion of recombinant endoinulinase activity that reached 1,349 U ml(-1), 4.18 times that observed using the native gene. This is the highest endoinulinase activity reported to date. The recombinant enzyme was optimally active at pH 6.0 and 60 °C. Moreover, inulooligosaccharides production from inulin was studied using the recombinant enzyme produced from the optimized gene. After 8 h under optimal conditions, which included 400 g l(-1) inulin, an enzyme concentration of 40 U g(-1) substrate, 50 °C and pH 6.0, the inulooligosaccharide yield was 91 %. The high substrate concentration and short reaction time described here should reduce production costs distinctly, compared with the conditions used in previous studies. Thus, this study may provide the basis for the industrial use of this recombinant endoinulinase for the production of inulooligosaccharides.
New synthetic routes towards MOF production at scale (2017)

The potential commercial applications for metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are tantalizing. To address the opportunity, many novel approaches for their synthesis have been developed recently. These strategies present a critical step towards harnessing the myriad of potential applications of MOFs by enabling larger scale production and hence real-world applications. This review provides an up-to-date survey ( references) of the most promising novel synthetic routes, i.e., electrochemical, microwave, mechanochemical, spray drying and flow chemistry synthesis. Additionally, the essential topic of downstream processes, especially for large scale synthesis, is critically reviewed. Lastly we present the current state of MOF commercialization with direct feedback from commercial players.
A Novel o-Iminophenyl Anion Route to Heterocycles and Ortho-Substituted Anilines (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel o-Iminophenyl Anion Route to Heterocycles and Ortho-Substituted AnilinesAlan R. Katritzky, Guifen Zhang, Jinlong Jiang, and Peter J. SteelCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 23, 7625–7630Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00128a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00128a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views316Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modification of Terzaghi's Earth Pressure Formula on Tunnel Considering Dilatancy of Soil (2011)

In this study, Terzaghi's formula was modified to solve problems considering the dilatancy effect of the soil for estimating the earth pressure acting on tunnel. It is performed for the comparison with Terzaghi's formula and modified Terzaghi's formula, tunnel model test result of Kobe University Rock Mechanics Laboratory. From comparison results of the earth pressure acting on tunnel, the earth pressure calculated by the Terzaghi's formula was estimated largest value. The earth pressure measured through the tunnel model test was least value. The difference between the earth pressure derived from Terzaghi's original formula and that derived from the modified formula was caused by the dilation effect, which was caused by the soil volume change. The difference between the earth pressure derived from the modified formula and the earth pressure measured through the tunnel model test, earth pressure results from the energy making failure surface. The results of FEM analysis were almost consistent with the results of mathematical analysis.
Involvement of CCAAT Enhancer Binding Protein Transcription Factors in the Regulation of Prostaglandin G/H Synthase 2 Expression by Interleukin-1 in Osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 Cells (2000)

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) stimulates prostaglandin production in bone by a rapid and transient activation of prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PGHS-2) gene expression. In osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, IL-1 caused a transient increase in PGHS-2 messenger RNA (mRNA), which peaked at 2 h. IL-1 caused a 2- to 4-fold activation of a 371-base pair (bp) murine PGHS-2 promoter/luciferase construct in stable transfectants. This response mapped to a proximal promoter element(s) located between -150 and -40 bp. This region contains a putative CCAAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) site (centered at -135 bp), which shows enhanced binding of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta by mobility shift analysis after IL-1 treatment. A transient cotransfection approach was used to examine the effects of C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta overexpression. IL-1 caused a maximal 3- to 7-fold stimulation of PGHS-2 promoter activity after 2.5 h. Overexpression of murine C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta caused a dose-dependent increase in basal and IL-1-stimulated luciferase activity. C/EBPdelta caused a greater enhancement of basal and IL-1-stimulated promoter activity than C/EBPbeta, suggesting that C/EBPdelta is a stronger transactivator. Overexpression of p20C/EBPbeta, a dominant negative inhibitor of C/EBP function, blocked the stimulation of PGHS-2 promoter activity by IL-1 and blocked the ability of overexpressed C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta to increase basal and IL-1-stimulated promoter activity. Mutagenesis of the C/EBP site reduced, but did not abolish, the stimulation of PGHS-2 promoter activity by IL-1 and blunted the effect of overexpressed C/EBPdelta on basal and IL-1-stimulated promoter activity. These results suggest an essential role for C/EBPbeta and C/EBPdelta in the induction of PGHS-2 gene expression by IL-1 in osteoblastic cells.
Calculating error of measurement on high speed microprocessor test (2002)

Accuracy and precision are desirable properties of any test process. Understanding test process capability can help ensure that high speed microprocessors are binned at their proper speed. This paper discusses a practical example of how a designed experiment was used to determine the test process speed sorting error of measurement of the Alpha AXP, the industry's fastest microprocessor, tested at Digital Equipment Corporation's Hudson, MA manufacturing site. Knowing error of measurement allowed effective guardbands to be established to guarantee specified performance in the context of the supplier's and consumer's risks. A series of test process improvements resulted from the follow-up work suggested by the experiment.
ECG Measurement Using Capacitive Coupling Electrodes for Man-Machine Emotional Communication (2007)

We have studied the capacitive coupling ECG measurement as a new emotional communication between man and machine. In this capacitive coupling measurement a metal plate is placed outside the body and this plate and the electric signal source inside body forms a condenser and the electric biosignal can be derived through this condenser. In this paper, we studied ECG measurement using two or only one capacitive coupling electrodes without any ground electrode for more convenient ECG monitoring. Three ECG measurement methods different in the setting of capacitive coupling electrodes and ground electrode were tested as follows; two isolated signal electrodes with an isolated ground electrode, two isolated signal electrodes without any ground electrode and one isolated signal electrode without any ground electrode. As a result, two isolated electrodes are enough to measure ECG whether with a ground electrode or not. Moreover ECG can be measured with only one signal electrode. Of course ECG waveform was noisy but "R" peak of ECG could be detected. Same tendencies were confirmed in all five subjects participated in experiments.
Changing Provision for Pupils with Severe and Profound General Learning Disabilities in Ireland (2002)

The picture emerging from this study is that teachers working with children who have severe and profound general learning disabilities have a high level of personal satisfaction with their work. This indicates that they appear to be stimulated rather than demoralised by working with children whose progress is extremely slow. On the other hand, the conditions under which many teachers are expected to work are a major source of dissatisfaction and concern.
Spontaneous Diketopiperazine Formation via End-to-End Cyclization of a Nonactivated Linear Tripeptide: An Unusual Chemical Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpontaneous Diketopiperazine Formation via End-to-End Cyclization of a Nonactivated Linear Tripeptide: An Unusual Chemical ReactionK. A. Carpenter, G. Weltrowska, B. C. Wilkes, R. Schmidt, and P. W. SchillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 19, 8450–8458Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00098a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00098a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views941Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review on Powder-Based Electron Beam Additive Manufacturing Technology (2012)

This paper presents a thorough literature review of the powder-based electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) technology. EBAM, a relatively new additive manufacturing (AM) process, can produce full-density metallic parts directly from the electronic data of the designed part geometry. EBAM has gained broad attentions from different industries such as aerospace and biomedical, with great potential in a variety of applications. The paper first introduces the general aspects of EBAM. The unique characteristics, advantages and challenges of EBAM are then presented. Moreover, the hub of this paper includes extensive discussions of microstructures, mechanical properties, geometric attributes, which impact the application ranges of EBAM parts, with focus on commonly used titanium alloys (in particular, Ti-6Al-4V). In the end, modeling work of the EBAM process is discussed as well.