gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyurethane microcapsule with glycerol as the polyol component for encapsulated self healing agent (2010)

Self healing property is the ability of a material to be able to heal damages automatically and autonomously. It has wide range of application from paint coating, anti-corrosion coating, space-shuttle material, construction (concrete), automotive, etc. Microcapsules containing reactive compound for use in self healing polymers are successfully fabricated via interfacial polymerization of polyurethane (PU). The possibility of glycerol as polyol monomer for polyurethane microcapsule shell in the preparation of PU prepolymer was studied. In this research, we also studied encapsulated self healing agent using IPDI, stannous octoate, dibutyl tin dylaurate. FTIR analysis showed that obtained polyurethane prepolymer still have unreacted isocyanate group necessary for interfacial polymerization of polyurethane. The morphology of polyurethane microcapsules containing IPDI was observed by scanning electron microscopy and shows spherical microcapsule with wrinkled surface but no agglomeration was found. The morphology of polyurethane microcapsules containing stannous octoate was also in spherical form but have a tendency of agglomerating and so were microcapsules containing dibutyl tin dilaurate. The average microcapsule size was 12.33; 28.59; and 25.65 μm for microcapsule containing IPDI, stannous octoate, and dibutyltin dilaurate respectively. The smallest average particles size (12.33 μm) was observed in microcapsules containing IPDI with narrow particle size distribution so the particles were more homogenous than the others.
Age-Related Increase in Blood Levels of Otolin-1 in Humans (2017)

Otolin-1 blood levels are significantly higher in patients older than 65 years of age. This is consistent with previous scanning electron microscopy findings of age-related otoconia degeneration and increased prevalence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) with age. Normative data provided here can serve as important reference values against which levels from BPPV patients can be compared with further evaluate otolin-1 as a circulatory biomarker for otoconia degeneration.
Antibodies to Dopamine: Radioimmunological Study of Specificity in Relation to Immunocytochemistry (1984)

Two classes of anti-3,4- dihydroxyphenylethylamine (dopamine) antibodies were raised in rabbits using dopamine conjugated to albumin either via formaldehyde or via glutaraldehyde. Each was usable for immunohistochemical detection of dopamine neurons provided that the tissue was fixed by the homologous cross-linking agent. However, anti-dopamine-glutaraldehyde antibodies turned out to be of more general use because of the better fixative properties of glutaraldehyde which fixed dopamine in rat and in teleost, whereas formaldehyde only worked in lower vertebrates (such as goldfish) and not in rat brain. The specificity of anti-dopamine-glutaraldehyde antibodies was firmly established by competition experiments in equilibrium dialysis, using an immunoreactive tritiated derivative synthesized by coupling dopamine to N-alpha-acetyl-L-lysine N-methylamide via glutaraldehyde. Specificity studies in vitro and immunohistological results demonstrating the specific staining of dopaminergic neurons were found to correlate well.
Substitution and Migratory Insertion Reactions of Square-Planar Allenylidene Iridium Complexes (2001)

A series of (allenylidene)iridium(I) complexes of general composition trans-[IrX{CCC(Ph)R}(PiPr3)2] [X = Br (5), I (6), NCO (7, 8), NCS (9, 10), OH (11, 12), N3 (13, 14)] was prepared from the corresponding chloro derivatives trans-[IrCl{CCC(Ph)R}(PiPr3)2] (3, 4) by salt metathesis. An X-ray crystal structure analysis of 4 (R = Ph) confirmed the almost linear arrangement of the Ir−C−C−C chain. The azido compounds 13 (R = Ph) and 14 (R = tBu) react with CO by migratory insertion of the allenylidene ligand into the Ir−N3 bond. While the product trans-[Ir{C≡C−CR(Ph)N3}(CO)(PiPr3)2] with R = tBu (16) is thermally stable, the related complex with R = Ph (15) rearranges slowly in benzene to the metalated acrylonitrile derivative trans-[Ir{C(CN)CPh2}(CO)(PiPr3)2] (17) by elimination of N2. Treatment of the phenolato compound trans-[Ir(OPh){CCC(Ph)tBu}(PiPr3)2] (19), obtained from the analogous hydroxo derivative 12 and phenol, with CO also proceeds by migratory insertion and affords the functionalized (alkynyl)iridium(I) complex trans-[Ir{C⋮C−CtBu(Ph)OPh}(CO)(PiPr3)2] (20) in excellent yield. The Lewis basicity of the hydroxo compounds 11 and 12 was also illustrated by the reactions with CF3CO2H, NEt3·3HF, and [pyH]BF4, which gave the substitution products trans-[Ir(κ1-O2CCF3){CCC(Ph)tBu}(PiPr3)2] (21), trans-[IrF(CCCPh2)(PiPr3)2] (22), and trans-[Ir{CCC(Ph)tBu}(py)(PiPr3)2]BF4 (23), respectively. In methanol solution, both 11 and 12 react by complete fragmentation of 1 equiv of CH3OH to afford the octahedral (allenyl)dihydridoiridium(III) complexes [IrH2{CHCC(Ph)R}(CO)(PiPr3)2] (24, 25). An unprecedented type of insertion reaction occurs by treating the hydroxo derivatives 11 and 12 with an excess of 1-alkynes R‘C⋮CH (R‘ = Ph, CO2Me), which leads to the formation of the novel five-coordinate iridium(III) compounds [Ir(C⋮CR‘)2{η1-(E)-CHCR‘−CHCC(Ph)R}(PiPr3)2] (26−29). From 26, 27 (R‘ = Ph), and CO, the octahedral 1:1 adducts 30 and 31 are formed. The molecular structures of 22 and 26 have been determined by X-ray crystallography.
INACTIVATION OF THE BSE AGENT (1998)

ABSTRACT Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) belongs to a distinct group of transmissible degenerative encephalopathies (TDE) that includes scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (CJD) of humans. These fatal neurological diseases are caused by unconventional but uncharacterized transmissible agents that have a number of unusual properties; this includes a high degree of resistance to inactivation. The only disinfectant that appears to be completely effective against high titres of TDE infectivity is sodium hypochlorite. Exposure to 1 to 2 M sodium hydroxide has a substantial but incomplete effect, as does autoclaving at temperatures between 132 and 138C for up to an hour; however, a combination of 2 M sodium hydroxide and autoclaving, even at the more modest temperature of 121C for 30 min, appears to be completely effective. With lower titres of infectivity, less rigorous regimes may be effective. For example, although most of the rendering procedures used to manufacture meat and bone meal (MBM) throughout the European Union (EU) have been found to be incapable of inactivating BSE and scrapie agents, one method which appeared to be effective with moderate titres of BSE and scrapie agent, involved exposure to steam at 133C for 20 min. This procedure is now the only one approved within the EU for the manufacture of MBM for feeding animals, excluding ruminants; however, the UK has introduced a ban on feeding MBM to any farmed species because of the occurrence of a new variant form of CJD in the UK which appears to have been caused by the BSE agent. Although the clinical signs of scrapie in sheep are entirely attributable to neurological dysfunction, tissues such as spleen and lymph nodes are known to become infected before those of the central nervous system. In contrast, the only tissues which have been found to become infected in cattle with natural BSE are brain, spinal cord and retina. These are no longer used in animal or human foodstuff. Because scrapie agent has no known association with human disease there has been no restriction in the past on using any sheep tissues, including brain, as human food; however, it is known from experimental studies that the BSE agent can infect sheep by the oral route to cause a disease that is clinically and neurohistopathologically indistinguishable from scrapie. It is also known that the spleen becomes infected in such sheep. Sheep in the UK could theoretically have become infected with the BSE agent through the feeding of infected MBM before the feed‐ban in 1988. There are now measures in place that prevent the head, spinal cord, and spleen of sheep being incorporated into foodstuff.
Type III Secretion-Dependent Hemolytic Activity of Enteropathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) was found to exhibit a type III secretion-dependent, contact-mediated, hemolytic activity requiring the EspA, EspB, and EspD secreted proteins. EspB and EspD display homology to pore-forming molecules. Our data suggest a mechanism to explain the requirement for all three Esp proteins in the transfer of EPEC proteins, such as Tir, into target cells.
Novel Polybenzimidazole (PBI) Nanofiltration Membranes for the Separation of Sulfate and Chromate from High Alkalinity Brine To Facilitate the Chlor-Alkali Process (2007)

The potential of employing nanofiltration for the removal of sulfate from concentrated chlor-alkali brine has been investigated. Polybenzimidazole (PBI) was chosen to fabricate nanofiltration hollow-fiber membranes through the dry-jet wet phase-inversion technique because of its robust mechanical strength and excellent chemical stability. The feed solution was a concentrated brine consisting of 253.3 g L-1 NaCl, 9.7 g L-1 Na2SO4, and 9.5 g L-1 Na2CrO4 with a pH value greater than 12.65. The PBI membranes showed high sulfate rejection (up to 98.4% at pH 13.25 and 25 bar) and low chloride rejection (less than 4.0%), thus simultaneously obtaining an extremely high di-/monovalent anion selectivity. In addition, the sulfate and chromate rejections increased with increasing solution pH and/or operating pressure. The impressive separation performance can be attributed to the unique pore and charge characteristics and superior chemical stability of PBI NF membranes. It was found that the mean effective pore size of PBI membranes is around 0.30 nm in radius, which is close to the sizes of hydrated sulfate and chromate anions but much larger than chloride anion size, which contributes to the high separation of divalent anions through size exclusion under high ionic strengths.
The actin-related p41ARC subunit contributes to p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1)-mediated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells (2017)

Defects in translocation of the glucose transporter GLUT4 are associated with peripheral insulin resistance, preclinical diabetes, and progression to type 2 diabetes. GLUT4 recruitment to the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle cells requires F-actin remodeling. Insulin signaling in muscle requires p21-activated kinase-1 (PAK1), whose downstream signaling triggers actin remodeling, which promotes GLUT4 vesicle translocation and glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells. Actin remodeling is a cyclic process, and although PAK1 is known to initiate changes to the cortical actin-binding protein cofilin to stimulate the depolymerizing arm of the cycle, how PAK1 might trigger the polymerizing arm of the cycle remains unresolved. Toward this, we investigated whether PAK1 contributes to the mechanisms involving the actin-binding and -polymerizing proteins neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP), cortactin, and ARP2/3 subunits. We found that the actin-polymerizing ARP2/3 subunit p41ARC is a PAK1 substrate in skeletal muscle cells. Moreover, co-immunoprecipitation experiments revealed that insulin stimulates p41ARC phosphorylation and increases its association with N-WASP coordinately with the associations of N-WASP with cortactin and actin. Importantly, all of these associations were ablated by the PAK inhibitor IPA3, suggesting that PAK1 activation lies upstream of these actin-polymerizing complexes. Using the N-WASP inhibitor wiskostatin, we further demonstrated that N-WASP is required for localized F-actin polymerization, GLUT4 vesicle translocation, and glucose uptake. These results expand the model of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells by implicating p41ARC as a new component of the insulin-signaling cascade and connecting PAK1 signaling to N-WASP-cortactin–mediated actin polymerization and GLUT4 vesicle translocation.
A New Hand-Held Microsystem Architecture for Biological Analysis (2006)

This paper presents a hand-held microsystem based on new fully integrated magnetoresistive biochips for biomolecular recognition (DNA hybridization, antibody antigen interaction, etc.). Magnetoresistive chip surfaces are chemically treated, enabling the immobilization of probe biomolecules such as DNA or antibodies. Fluid handling is also integrated in the biochip. The proposed microsystem not only integrates the biochip, which is an array of 16times16 magnetoresistive sensors, but it also provides all the electronic circuitry for addressing and reading out each transducer. The proposed architecture and circuits were specifically designed for achieving a compact, programmable and portable microsystem. The microsystem also integrates a hand-held analyzer connected through a wireless channel. A prototype of the system was already developed and detection of magnetic nanoparticles was obtained. This indicates that the system may be used for magnetic label based bioassays
The U.S. Humanitarian Demining Program in the Balkans (2000)

As a result of years of conflict in the Balkans, countless landmines have been laid in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Kosovo. Bosnia-Herzegovina's landmine problem is severe, with an estimated 750,000 landmines and an undetermined quantity of unexploded ordnance infesting some 186 square miles of land. These hidden killers have killed and maimed hundreds, vastly impeded the return of refugees to their homes, and hindered international efforts to help people in the region.
RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM GENE EXPRESSION IN POST-TRANSPLANT HYPERTENSION PREDICTS ALLOGRAFT FUNCTION1 (2000)

These data suggest that allograft-level RAS gene expression may be predictive of future graft function in the setting of diastolic hypertension.
Synthesis of current mode building blocks for fuzzy logic control circuits (2002)

Since the introduction of the first digital-based fuzzy logic controller chip, efficient hardware design of fuzzy logic control systems (FLCS) has drawn substantial attention. The interest in fuzzy logic hardware systems is motivated by the desperate need to provide fast fuzzy logic-based systems capable of operating in real time process control conditions. Fuzzy logic hardware implementation problems can be classified into two basic categories: the digital approach and the analog approach. The digital approach was originated by Togai and Watanabe who developed the first digital fuzzy logic-based inference engine chip. However, the digital approach to the fuzzy logic hardware implementation seems to be less efficient in contrast to analog, especially when the complexity and speed of a control problem are crucial. The transformation of a real-world fuzzy data into a binary format requires tremendous processing power that must be provided in the real time. Therefore, the analog solution offers a sufficient strategy to solve fuzzy logic control problems in dedicated hardware. Recently, successful implementation of current mode fuzzy logic controller developed in CMOS technology was reported. This approach starts with the theoretic framework for fuzzy set operations that leads to the coherent representation of the fuzzy inference operations, including fuzzification and defuzzification. The proposed approach, utilizing the control strategy proposed by Mamdani, concentrates on the algebraic correctness and elegance. It is algebraically effective but it lacks the current mode circuit implementation insight. This drawback motivated the presented research. This paper presents a graph-oriented approach to the synthesis of fuzzy logic building blocks. The framework for synthesis of current-mode fuzzy logic circuits is derived and the graph representations of basic building blocks are developed. These blocks comprise the bounded difference circuit, the absolute difference circuit, the minimum circuit, the maximum circuit, and the membership function circuit. Thereafter, the circuit implementations are analyzed and the circuit implementation issues related to the accuracy of the fuzzy operations are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual Salt- and Thermoresponsive Programmable Bilayer Hydrogel Actuators with Pseudo-Interpenetrating Double-Network Structures (2018)

Development of smart soft actuators is highly important for fundamental research and industrial applications but has proved to be extremely challenging. In this work, we present a facile, one-pot, one-step method to prepare dual-responsive bilayer hydrogels, consisting of a thermoresponsive poly( N-isopropylacrylamide) (polyNIPAM) layer and a salt-responsive poly(3-(1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-1 H-imidazol-3-ium-3-yl)propane-1-sulfonate) (polyVBIPS) layer. Both polyNIPAM and polyVBIPS layers exhibit a completely opposite swelling/shrinking behavior, where polyNIPAM shrinks (swells) but polyVBIPS swells (shrinks) in salt solution (water) or at high (low) temperatures. By tuning NIPAM:VBIPS ratios, the resulting polyNIPAM/polyVBIPS bilayer hydrogels enable us to achieve fast and large-amplitude bidirectional bending in response to temperatures, salt concentrations, and salt types. Such bidirectional bending, bending orientation, and degree can be reversibly, repeatedly, and precisely controlled by salt- or temperature-induced cooperative swelling-shrinking properties from both layers. Based on their fast, reversible, and bidirectional bending behavior, we further design two conceptual hybrid hydrogel actuators, serving as a six-arm gripper to capture, transport, and release an object and an electrical circuit switch to turn on-and-off a lamp. Different from the conventional two- or multistep methods for preparation of bilayer hydrogels, our simple, one-pot, one-step method and a new bilayer hydrogel system provide an innovative concept to explore new hydrogel-based actuators through combining different responsive materials that allow us to program different stimuli for soft and intelligent materials applications.
Etiology of community-acquired pneumonia in 254 hospitalized children (2000)

The possible causative agent of childhood community-acquired pneumonia can be detected in most cases. Further studies are warranted to determine what etiologic investigations would aid in the management of pneumonia. With effective immunization for S. pneumoniae and respiratory syncytial virus infections, more than one-half of the pneumonia cases in this study could have been prevented.
New venture management valuation: Assessing complementary capacities by human capital theory (2001)

A theory of new venture management valuation should answer the two questions: (1) What should be assessed? (2) How can it be assessed? In response to the work of Smart (1999), we address the first question and suggest a conceptual framework for the valuation of founder managers' entrepreneurial potential. Entrepreneurial capital, as we term this potential, is conceptualized as founder managers' complementary capacity to identify new opportunities, to combine or co-ordinate scarce resources; and to see new initiatives through to fruition. This approach is an extension of human capital theory to include the more heterogeneous entrepreneurial capacities of founder managers and entrepreneurs. Implications for new venture management valuation are discussed.
β- <i>N</i> -acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is part of the histone code (2010)

Dynamic posttranslational modification of serine and threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins by β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a regulator of cellular processes such as transcription, signaling, and protein-protein interactions. Like phosphorylation, O-GlcNAc cycles in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Although cycling of O-GlcNAc is catalyzed by only two highly conserved enzymes, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds the sugar, and β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase), which hydrolyzes it, the targeting of these enzymes is highly specific and is controlled by myriad interacting subunits. Here, we demonstrate by multiple specific immunological and enzymatic approaches that histones, the proteins that package DNA within the nucleus, are O-GlcNAcylated in vivo. Histones also are substrates for OGT in vitro. We identify O-GlcNAc sites on histones H2A, H2B, and H4 using mass spectrometry. Finally, we show that histone O-GlcNAcylation changes during mitosis and with heat shock. Taken together, these data show that O-GlcNAc cycles dynamically on histones and can be considered part of the histone code.
Evaluation of Miniature Wireless Vital Signs Monitor in a Trauma Intensive Care Unit (2016)

A previous study demonstrated basic proof of principle of the value of a miniature wireless vital signs monitor (MWVSM, MiniMedic, Athena GTX, Des Moines, Iowa) for battlefield triage However, there were unanswered questions related to sensor reliability and uncontrolled conditions in the prehospital environment. This study determined whether MWVSM sensors track vital signs and allow for appropriate triage compared to a gold standard bedside monitor in trauma patients. This was a prospective study in 59 trauma intensive care unit patients. Systolic blood pressure, temperature, heart rate (HR), skin temperature, and pulse oximetry (SpO2) were displayed on a bedside monitor for 60 minutes. Shock index (SI) was calculated. A separate MWVSM monitor was attached to the forehead and finger of each patient. Data from each included pulse wave transit time (PWTT), temperature, HR, SpO2, and a summary status termed "Murphy Factor" (MF), which ranges from 0 to 5. Patients are classified as "routine" if MF = 0 to 1 or SI = 0 to 0.7, "priority" if MF = 2 to 3 or SI = 0.7 to 0.9, and "critical" if MF = 4 to 5 or SI ≥ 0.9. Forehead and finger MWVSM HRs both differed from the monitor (both p < 0.001), but the few beats per minute differences were clinically insignificant. Differences in MWVSM SpO2 (1-7%) and temperature (6-13°F) from the monitor were site specific (all p < 0.001). Forehead PWTT (271 ± 50 ms) was less (p < 0.001) than finger PWTT (315 ± 42 ms); both were dissociated from systolic blood pressure (r(2) < 0.05). The SI distributed patients about equally as "routine," "priority," and "critical," whereas MF overtriaged to "routine" and undertriaged to "critical" for both sensors (all p < 0.001). Our findings suggest that MF does not accurately predict the most critical patients, likely because erroneous PWTT values confound MF calculations. MF and the MWVSM are promising, but require fine-tuning before deployment.