gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Papillomavirus: Epidemiology and Public Health (2003)

Approximately 15 types of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection cause virtually all cases of cervical cancer. Human papillomavirus 16 is the major type, accounting for approximately 50% of cases. The major steps of cervical carcinogenesis include HPV infection, viral persistence and progression to precancer (as opposed to viral clearance), and invasion. Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection. However, most HPV infections become undetectable by even sensitive HPV DNA testing within 1 to 2 years. The prevalence of infection peaks at young ages and declines thereafter, perhaps as the result of HPV type-specific acquired immunity. Most HPV infections are neither microscopically evident nor visible, making HPV DNA detection the diagnostic reference standard. Poorly defined immunologic factors are the major determinants of viral outcome. Smoking, multiparity, and long-term oral contraceptive use increase the risk of persistence and progression. Other sexually transmitted infections (eg, Chlamydia trachomatis), chronic inflammation, and nutritional factors might also play a role. Overt, long-term viral persistence in the absence of precancer is uncommon. New prevention strategies can be derived from the evolving knowledge of HPV carcinogenesis. Human papillomavirus vaccination is the ultimate prevention strategy, and large-scale trials are already underway. In the meantime, HPV DNA diagnostics are more sensitive although less specific than cytology, permitting a consideration of lengthened screening intervals. In terms of public health education, clinicians and patients will need to shift discussions of the mildly abnormal Papanicolaou test to consideration of HPV infection as a common sexually transmitted infection that rarely causes cervical cancer.
Optical fibre switches based on full wafer silicon micromachining (1999)

An optical (1 × 2) moving-fibre switch with bistable operation is presented. The low cost fabrication process based on bulk anisotropic Si etching for thermal actuators with cross sections of 80 × 150 µm2 is described. V-grooves are used for a precise alignment of the optical fibres. Switches and switch arrays are fabricated with high yield and high mechanical stability. An insertion loss of 2 dB including MT-connector losses and a cross talk below the detection limit (-60 dB) are measured. The thermally driven actuators operate with a power <700 mW which is, due to the bistable operation, needed for 100 ms only.
Ginsenoside compound K induces apoptosis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells via activation of apoptosis-inducing factor (2014)

Ginsenoside CK-induced apoptosis of HK-1 cells was mediated by the mitochondrial pathway and could significantly inhibit tumor growth in vivo.
Neighborhood prefetching on multiprocessors using instruction history (2002)

A multiprocessor prefetch scheme is described in which a miss is followed by a prefetch of a group of lines, a neighborhood, surrounding the demand-fetched line. The neighborhood is based on the data address and the past behavior of the instruction that missed the cache. A neighborhood for an instruction is constructed by recording the offsets of addresses that subsequently miss. This neighborhood prefetching can exploit sequential access as can sequential prefetch and can to some extent exploit stride access, as can stride prefetch. Unlike stride and sequential prefetch it can support irregular access patterns. Neighborhood prefetching was compared to adaptive sequential prefetching using execution-driven simulation. Results show more useful prefetches and lower execution time for neighborhood prefetching for six of eight SPLASH-2 benchmarks. On eight SPLASH-2 benchmarks the average normalized execution, time is less than 0.9, for three benchmarks, less than 0.8.
Optimal linear combination of neural networks for improving classification performance (2000)

This paper presents a new method for linearly combining multiple neural network classifiers based on the statistical pattern recognition theory. In our approach, several neural networks are first selected based on which works best for each class in terms of minimizing classification errors. Then, they are linearly combined to form an ideal classifier that exploits the strengths of the individual classifiers. In this approach, the minimum classification error criterion is utilized to estimate the optimal linear weights. In this formulation, because the classification decision rule is incorporated into the cost function, a more suitable better combination of weights for the classification objective could be obtained. Experimental results using artificial and real data sets show that the proposed method can construct a better combined classifier that outperforms the best single classifier in terms of overall classification errors for test data.
Dismount modeling and detection from small aperture moving radar platforms (2008)

Future advanced radar systems must detect targets of diminishing radar cross section (RCS) at low radial velocity, in demanding clutter and interference environments. Presently, a deficiency in radar detection performance exists between the capabilities of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for fixed target indication and space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for ground moving target indication (GMTI) of targets with low ground track velocity. Dismounts, individuals or groups running, walking, or crawling, constitute a class of targets that falls into this netherworld between SAR and STAP. While possessing low RCS levels and radial velocities, dismount detection is rendered even more challenging due to their complicated non-linear phase histories that give rise to significant micro-Doppler energies. In this paper we develop a physiological human-gait model for multi-channel moving radar platforms. We characterize the dismount detection performance of a notational UAV system using linear phase, quadratic phase and sinusoidal phase filters. Finally, we summarize our results and present areas of future work.
Age-Related Differences in Diagnostic Accuracy of Plasma Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Tau for Identifying Acute Intracranial Trauma on Computed Tomography: A TRACK-TBI Study (2018)

Plasma tau and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are promising biomarkers for identifying traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients with intracranial trauma on computed tomography (CT). Accuracy in older adults with mild TBI (mTBI), the fastest growing TBI population, is unknown. Our aim was to assess for age-related differences in diagnostic accuracy of plasma tau and GFAP for identifying intracranial trauma on CT. Samples from 169 patients (age <40 years [n = 79], age 40-59 years [n = 60], age 60 years+ [n = 30]), a subset of patients from the Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK-TBI) Pilot study who presented with mTBI (Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13-15), received head CT, and consented to blood draw within 24 h of injury, were assayed for hyperphosphorylated-tau (P-tau), total-tau (T-tau; both via amplification-linked enhanced immunoassay using multi-arrayed fiberoptics), and GFAP (via sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). P-tau, T-tau, P-tau:T-tau ratio, and GFAP concentration were significantly associated with CT findings. Overall, discriminative ability declined with increasing age for all assays, but this decline was only statistically significant for GFAP (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: old 0.73 [reference group; ref] vs. young 0.93 [p = 0.037] or middle-aged 0.92 [p = 0.0497]). P-tau concentration consistently showed the highest diagnostic accuracy across all age-groups (AUC: old 0.84 [ref] vs. young 0.95 [p = 0.274] or middle-aged 0.93 [p = 0.367]). Comparison of models including P-tau alone versus P-tau plus GFAP revealed significant added value of GFAP. In conclusion, the GFAP assay was less accurate for identifying intracranial trauma on CT among older versus younger mTBI patients. Mechanisms of this age-related difference, including role of assay methodology, specific TBI neuroanatomy, pre-existing conditions, and anti-thrombotic use, warrant further study.
Analyses of human sensitivity to redirected walking (2008)

Redirected walking allows users to walk through large-scale immersive virtual environments (IVEs) while physically remaining in a reasonably small workspace by intentionally injecting scene motion into the IVE. In a constant stimuli experiment with a two-alternative-forced-choice task we have quantified how much humans can unknowingly be redirected on virtual paths which are different from the paths they actually walk. 18 subjects have been tested in four different experiments: (E1a) discrimination between virtual and physical rotation, (E1b) discrimination between two successive rotations, (E2) discrimination between virtual and physical translation, and discrimination of walking direction (E3a) without and (E3b) with start-up. In experiment E1a subjects performed rotations to which different gains have been applied, and then had to choose whether or not the visually perceived rotation was greater than the physical rotation. In experiment E1b subjects discriminated between two successive rotations where different gains have been applied to the physical rotation. In experiment E2 subjects chose if they thought that the physical walk was longer than the visually perceived scaled travel distance. In experiment E3a subjects walked a straight path in the IVE which was physically bent to the left or to the right, and they estimate the direction of the curvature. In experiment E3a the gain was applied immediately, whereas the gain was applied after a start-up of two meters in experiment E3b. Our results show that users can be turned physically about 68% more or 10% less than the perceived virtual rotation, distances can be up- or down-scaled by 22%, and users can be redirected on an circular arc with a radius greater than 24 meters while they believe they are walking straight.
Improving the Usability of Privacy Settings in Facebook (2011)

The ever increasing popularity of Facebook and other Online Social Networks has left a wealth of personal and private data on the web, aggregated and readily accessible for broad and automatic retrieval. Protection from both undesired recipients as well as harvesting through crawlers is implemented by simple access control at the provider, configured by manual authorization through the publishing user. Several studies demonstrate that standard settings directly cause an unnoticed over-sharing and that the users have trouble understanding and configuring adequate settings. Using the three simple principles of color coding, ease of access, and application of common practices, we developed a new privacy interface that increases the usability significantly. The results of our user study underlines the extent of the initial problem and documents that our interface enables faster, more precise authorisation and leads to increased intelligibility.
Studies on the p-v-t relations of fluids at high pressure III : the compressibilities of argon-ammonia and nitrogen-ammonia gaseous mixture systems (1974)

The measurements of the compressibility factors for three kinds of argon-ammonia gaseous mixtures and for three kinds of nitrogen-ammonia gaseous mixtures were made at 50℃ and up to 50atm within the experimental error of 0.2% by the constant volume method, respectively. The results were presented in tabular form of the compressibility factors at round pressures and densities. The results were also presented in the power series of density and pressure respectively, and their experimental second virial coefficients were compared with those calculated theoretically assuming the Lennard-Jones (12-6) and the Stockmayer potential functions to each intermolecular force pertinently. Both the experimental and the theoretical second virial coefficients were in agreement within the uncertainties inherent in the experimentals.
Accuracy of single progesterone test to predict early pregnancy outcome in women with pain or bleeding: meta-analysis of cohort studies (2012)

A single progesterone measurement for women in early pregnancy presenting with bleeding or pain and inconclusive ultrasound assessments can rule out a viable pregnancy.
Towards acoustic self-localization of ad hoc smartphone arrays (2011)

The advent of the smartphone in recent years opened new possibilities for the concept of ubiquitous computing. We propose to use multiple smartphones spontaneously assembled into an ad hoc microphone array as part of a teleconferencing system. The unknown spatial positions, the asynchronous sampling and the unknown time offsets between clocks of smartphones in the ad hoc array are the main problems for such an application as well as for almost all other acoustic signal processing algorithms. A maximum likelihood approach using time of arrival measurements of short calibration pulses is proposed to solve this self-localization problem. The global orientation of each phone, obtained by the means of nowadays common built-in geomagnetic compasses, in combination with the constant microphone-loudspeaker distance lead to a nonlinear optimization problem with a reduced dimensionality in contrast to former methods. The applicability of the proposed self-localization is shown in simulation and via recordings in a typical reverberant and noisy conference room.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES. 3. SYNTHESIS OF 9‐(3‐BROMO‐3‐DEOXY‐2,5‐DI‐O‐ACETYL‐β‐D‐XYLOFURANOSYL) ADENINE (1978)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Lithiumbromid und Bortrifluorid erhält man aus 3′,5′‐Di‐O‐acetyl‐adenosin (Ia) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen im wesentlichen die Bromverbindung (H) neben geringen Anteilen des Isomeren (III).
Making evolutionary biology a basic science for medicine (2009)

New applications of evolutionary biology in medicine are being discovered at an accelerating rate, but few physicians have sufficient educational background to use them fully. This article summarizes suggestions from several groups that have considered how evolutionary biology can be useful in medicine, what physicians should learn about it, and when and how they should learn it. Our general conclusion is that evolutionary biology is a crucial basic science for medicine. In addition to looking at established evolutionary methods and topics, such as population genetics and pathogen evolution, we highlight questions about why natural selection leaves bodies vulnerable to disease. Knowledge about evolution provides physicians with an integrative framework that links otherwise disparate bits of knowledge. It replaces the prevalent view of bodies as machines with a biological view of bodies shaped by evolutionary processes. Like other basic sciences, evolutionary biology needs to be taught both before and during medical school. Most introductory biology courses are insufficient to establish competency in evolutionary biology. Premedical students need evolution courses, possibly ones that emphasize medically relevant aspects. In medical school, evolutionary biology should be taught as one of the basic medical sciences. This will require a course that reviews basic principles and specific medical applications, followed by an integrated presentation of evolutionary aspects that apply to each disease and organ system. Evolutionary biology is not just another topic vying for inclusion in the curriculum; it is an essential foundation for a biological understanding of health and disease.
Ribozyme-mediated inactivation of mutant K-ras oncogene in a colon cancer cell line (2000)

Mutation of c-K-ras oncogene is an important step in progression of colon cancer. We used a hammerhead ribozyme (KrasRz) against mutated K-ras gene transcripts (codon 12, GTT) to inactivate mutant K-ras function in the colon cancer cell line SW480, harbouring a mutant K-ras gene. The beta-actin promoter-driven KrasRz sequence (pHbeta/KrasRz) was introduced into these cells (SW480/KrasRz), and we evaluated its effects on growth of the colon cancer. The gene expression of angiogenesis-related molecules (vascular endothelial growth factor and thrombospondin) was also estimated in SW480/KrasRz. KrasRz specifically and efficiently cleaved the mutant K-ras mRNA but not wild-type mRNA in vitro. SW480/KrasRz showed decreased growth rate under tissue culture conditions (P< 0.01, Dunnett's test). The xenotransplantability of SW480/KrasRz (XeSW480/KrasRz) was significantly decreased in nude mice (P< 0.05, Fisher's exact test). Tumour volume of the xenografts XeSW480/KrasRz was significantly smaller than that of XeSW480/DisKrasRz (P< 0.01, Dunnett's test). Gene expression of VEGF was suppressed in SW480/KrasRz, while TSP1 gene expression was enhanced. The SW480/KrasRz cells showed apoptosis-related features including nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggested that the hammerhead ribozyme-mediated inactivation of the mutated K-ras mRNA induced growth suppression, apoptosis and alteration of angiogenic factor expression.
Multicarrier CDMA systems with transmit diversity (2002)

Transmit diversity was previously proposed to reduce the detrimental effects in fading channels. In this paper we apply the space-time block codes to multicarrier CDMA systems. Our emphasis is on designing receivers that can decode the space-time codes and suppress the multiple access interference. Among the four detecting schemes we propose the minimum mean square error combiner (MM-SEC) give the best tradeoff between performance and complexity. Simulation results show that MC-CDMA systems with transmit diversity have a much better performance than MC-CDMA systems without transmit diversity in multipath fading channels.
UAV online path planning based on dynamic multiobjective evolutionary algorithm (2011)

Online path planning (OPP) is the basic issue of some complex mission and is indeed a dynamic multi-objective optimization problem (DMOP). In this paper, we use an OPP scheme in the sense of model predictive control (MPC) to continuously update the environmental information for the planner. For solving the DMOP involved in the MPC-like OPP a dynamic multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on linkage and prediction (LP-DMOEA) is proposed. Within this algorithm we selectively collect the historic Pareto sets and construct several time series to present the changing tendency of the dynamic Pareto set so as to properly guide the search process. Besides, a posterior method is introduced to select executive solution from the output of the LP-DMOEA. Experimental results show the advantage of the LP-DMOEA over restart method on three benchmark problems. The effectiveness of LP-DMOEA based OPP algorithm is also validated by the simulation results of a simple military case.
Flip-chip STW filters and frequency trimming method (2003)

This paper describes 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz flip-chip narrow-band filters using surface transverse waves (STWs) on quartz for oscillator applications. A Q of about 1300 and insertion losses of 3 dB and 5 dB are achieved for 2.4 GHz and 3.5 GHz flip-chip STW filters, respectively. Also, oscillator characteristics using the flip-chip STW filters are presented. In addition, trimming methods for flip-chip STW filters are described. We have succeeded in frequency trimming using CF/sub 4/ chemistry, in situ monitoring the center frequency for flip-chip STW filters with 3.2 mm/spl times/2.5 mm ceramic packages.
Polygon-based laser scan registration by heterogeneous robots (2010)

This paper presents an algorithm to register two laser scans acquired by dual heterogeneous robots in a structured indoor environment. The dual robot system consists of a ground robot and a wall climbing robot equipped with a 3D range scanner and a perspective camera. Both robots alternately step in tandem and stop to acquire a panoramic range image. At each step, the range images from the two robots are registered together and the relative pose of the two robots are updated with respect to the world coordinate frame. An initial estimate of the relative pose between the two range images is computed using a camera pose estimation algorithm with the aid of the camera on the wall-climbing robot. The pose estimate is further refined by a laser scan registration algorithm. This novel algorithm registers two sets of polygons extracted from overlapping range images. The experimental results indicate that the algorithm is robust to fusion of noisy range images acquired in structured indoor environment.
Targeting the HER/EGFR/ErbB Family to Prevent Breast Cancer (2011)

Preventing breast cancer is possible with selective estrogen receptor (ER) modulators and aromatase inhibitors, which reduce the risk of invasive disease by up to 65% (up to 73% for ER-positive and no effect for ER-negative cancer) and the risk of preinvasive disease [ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)] by up to 50%. Clearly, approaches for preventing ER-negative, and increased prevention of ER-positive breast cancers would benefit public health. A growing body of work (including recent preclinical and clinical data) support targeting the HER family [epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), or human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1 or ErbB1) and HER2, HER3, and HER4] for preventing ER-negative and possibly ER-positive breast cancer. Preclinical studies of HER family-targeting drugs in mammary neoplasia show suppression of (i) ER-negative tumors in HER2-overexpressing mouse strains, (ii) ER-negative tumors in mutant Brca1/p53(+/-) mice, and (iii) ER-positive tumors in the methylnitrosourea (MNU) rat model; tumors arising in both the MNU and mutant Brca1/p53(+/-) models lack HER2 overexpression. Clinical trials include a recent placebo-controlled phase IIb presurgical trial of the dual EGFR HER2 inhibitor lapatinib that suppressed growth of breast premalignancy [including atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and DCIS] and invasive cancer in patients with early-stage, HER2-overexpressing or -amplified breast cancer. These results suggest that lapatinib can clinically suppress the progression of ADH and DCIS to invasive breast cancer, an effect previously observed in a mouse model of HER2-overexpressing, ER-negative mammary cancer. The preclinical and clinical signals provide a compelling rationale for testing HER-targeting drugs for breast cancer prevention in women at moderate-to-high risk, leading perhaps to combinations that prevent ER-negative and ER-positive breast cancer.