gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear Rheological Properties of the Semifluorinated Copolymer Tetrafluoroethylene-Hexafluoropropylene-Vinylidenfluoride (THV) with Controlled Amounts of Long-Chain Branching (2007)

Various semifluorinated polymers of narrow molar mass distributions and definitely changed molecular structure are employed as model substances to investigate the impact of the polymer architecture on key rheological properties in the linear range of shear flow. These model samples originate from free radical terpolymerizations of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), hexafluoropropylene (HFP), and vinylidenfluoride (VDF), referred to as THV. They were tailored to cover a broad range of mass-average molar masses of a straight linear and of a long-chain branched topography. By the controlled incorporation of long-chain branches (LCB) into the fluoropolymers, a complex thermorheological behavior is observed. The effect of long-chain branching also becomes evident by dynamic-mechanical measurements represented by a plot of the angle δ versus the complex modulus |G*(ω)|. Compared to the linear reference materials for which η0 ∼ Mw3.8 was found, the zero-shear rate viscosity η0 of some of the branched polymers is significantly higher than that of a linear product with equivalent Mw, for others it comes to lie below the curve for linear samples. The experimental η0 (Mw) data of the branched THV are in good agreement with an approach proposed by Janzen and Colby using the structural information from the molecular characterization. Moreover, it was found that plotting η0 as a function of the intrinsic viscosity [η] more sensitively discriminates between the various long-chain branched samples than η0 (Mw). Comparing the sensitivity of methods based on rheological properties in solution and in the molten state, it is demonstrated that the linear behavior of the melts can very favorably be used to get an insight into the molecular architecture of THV polymers.
Melatonin modulates growth factor activity in MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells (1994)

Melatonin has been shown to have direct oncostatic actions on estrogen-responsive, MCF-7 human breast cancer cells in culture. In the present study, we examined whether these inhibitory actions on cell growth may be mediated through actions on bioassayable growth factor activity. In order to test this hypothesis, we estimated the growth factor activity of conditioned medium (CM) from estradiol (E2), or melatonin-treated cells, in the presence or absence of melatonin on MCF-7 cell growth. We also determined whether melatonin inhibits the action of epidermal growth factor (EGF) action in the absence of E2. The addition of melatonin (10(-9) M) to the cultures of MCF-7 cells with CM from E2 (10(-8) M)-treated cells significantly inhibited the growth stimulatory activity of CM, suggesting that melatonin inhibited cell proliferation by blocking the action of E2-induced autocrine growth stimulatory factors. Conditioned medium from melatonin-treated cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, while an additional supply of melatonin to these cultures had an even greater inhibitory effect. Melatonin was also active in the complete absence of serum as long as cell growth was stimulated by EGF, an E2-inducible growth factor. The inhibitory effect of melatonin increased as the dose of EGF increased. This non-antiestrogenic inhibitory effect of melatonin was reversed by E2, but not by EGF itself, suggesting that melatonin requires accessible estrogen receptor sites for its inhibitory activity on the growth stimulating action of EGF. Taken together, these findings suggest that melatonin may inhibit the action and/or release of growth stimulatory factors as well as stimulate the release of growth inhibitory factors in culture.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Site-specific photocross-linking reveals that Sec61p and TRAM contact different regions of a membrane-inserted signal sequence. (1993)

A chemically charged amber suppressor tRNA was used to introduce the photoactivatable amino acid (Tmd)Phe at a selected position within the signal sequence of the secretory protein preprolactin. This allowed the interactions of the NH2-terminal, the central, and the COOH-terminal regions of the signal sequence to be investigated during insertion into the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that different regions of the nascent chains were photocross-linked to different ER proteins. The TRAM protein (translocating chain-associating membrane protein) contacts the NH2-terminal region of the signal sequence while the mammalian Sec61p contacts the hydrophobic core of the signal sequence and regions COOH-terminal of this. These results suggest that the ER translocation complex is composed of heterologous protein subunits which contact distinct regions of nascent polypeptides during their membrane insertion.
Transistor noise in SiGe HBT RF technology (2001)

This brief presents experimental and modeling results of device noise in SiGe HBT RF technology. By careful bandgap engineering, a simultaneous reduction of RF noise, 1/f noise, and phase noise has been achieved. At a given I/sub B/, transistors with different base bandgap profiles show similar 1/f noise. At a given I/sub C/, however, transistors with a higher /spl beta/ (and hence lower RF noise) show lower 1/f noise. Circuit analysis and simulation shows that the phase noise is reduced as well.
Synthesis of green and blue fluorescent ladder-type conjugated imidazolium compounds (2013)

The synthetic route to ladder-type conjugated imidazolium compounds consisting of Suzuki coupling, chlorination, and intramolecular cyclization reactions was developed. The optical properties of materials and theoretical calculations were investigated to demonstrate that methylene- and ethylene-bridged imidazolium compounds show green and blue fluorescence, respectively. The coordination ability of the counter anion had an influence on the solubility and fluorescence quantum yield of the compounds.
Supercritical Water Oxidation of a PCB of 3-Chlorobiphenyl Using Hydrogen Peroxide (1997)

Abstract The supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) of a PCB of 3-chlorobiphenyl (1) was carried out at a temperature of 673 K and a pressure of 30 MPa with a flow reactor. The initial concentrations of (1) and hydrogen peroxide ranged from 1.84 × 10−3 to 8.74 × 10−2 M (1 M = 1 mol dm−3), and 0.181 to 2.67 M, respectively. The decomposition of (1) was higher than 99.9% so long as hydrogen peroxide was stoichiometrically added.
Design and Optimisation of a Microgripper: Demonstration of Biomedical Applications Using the Manipulation of Oocytes (2009)

Abstract- We present a bidirectional electrothermal microgripper for the advanced manipulation of single large cells. The device demonstrates excellent performance, and shows great potential as a supporting microtool for different biomedical procedures such as oocyte selection or electrofusion of cells. In particular, we focus on the operation of the device in real environments, i.e. integrated in a standard biological micromanipulation station and entirely submerged in a biological fluid, for the handling and transportation of ‘live’ specimens (in our case mice oocytes). A clamping mechanism is included in the design that limits the pressure exerted over the biological specimen to an approximate maximum of 40 µN, whilst maintaining a robust grip, with a force up to 300 µN, between the arms of the microgripper. I.
Ultralow frequency modulation of energetic particles in the dayside magnetosphere (2007)

Energetic electron and ion (electrons: 30 keV to 500 keV, protons: 30 keV to 1.5 MeV) flux variations associated with ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the dayside magnetosphere were observed during the CLUSTER's perigee pass near 0900 MLT on Oct. 31, 2003. The ULF modulation terminated where higher frequency fluctuations appeared, as the CLUSTER spacecraft entered the plasmasphere boundary layer (PBL) where the plasma ion density was elevated. In the region from L ∼ 5.0 to 10, the periods of the ion flux modulation and the electron flux modulation are same but out‐of‐phase. The observed magnetic ULF pulsations are dominated by the toroidal mode, along with a relatively weaker poloidal wave. A 90° phase shift between the radial electric field and the azimuthal magnetic field indicates that dominating toroidal standing waves observed at the southern hemisphere are a fundamental harmonic. This study shows that the modulation of the electron flux is dominated by the toroidal mode in the region of L > 7.5. The observations made in this analysis suggest the excitation of the energetic electron drift resonance at around 127 keV.
Molecular Pharmacology of α<sub>2</sub>-adrenoceptor Subtypes (1995)

alpha 2-adrenergic receptors mediate many of the physiological actions of the endogenous catecholamines adrenaline and noradrenaline, and are targets of several therapeutic agents. alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists are currently used as antihypertensives and as veterinary sedative anaesthetics. They are also used in humans as adjuncts to anaesthesia, as spinal analgesics, and to treat opioid, nicotine and alcohol dependence and withdrawal. Three human alpha 2-adrenoceptor subtype genes have been cloned and designated alpha 2-C10, alpha 2-C4, and alpha 2-C2, according to their location on human chromosomes 10, 4 and 2. They correspond to the previously identified pharmacological receptor subtypes alpha 2A, alpha 2C and alpha 2B. The receptor proteins share only about 50% identity in their amino acid sequence, but some structurally and functionally important domains are very well conserved. The most obvious functionally important differences between the receptor subtypes are based on their different tissue distributions; e.g. the alpha 2A subtype appears to be an important modulator of noradrenergic neurotransmission in the brain. The three receptors bind most alpha 2-adrenergic drugs with similar affinities, but some compounds (e.g. oxymetazoline) are capable of discriminating between the subtypes. Clinically useful subtype selectivity cannot be achieved with currently available pharmaceutical agents. The second messenger pathways of the three receptors show many similarities, but small functional differences between the subtypes may turn out to have important pharmacological and clinical consequences. All alpha 2-adrenoceptors couple to the pertussis-toxin sensitive inhibitory G proteins Gi and G(o), but recent evidence indicates that also other G proteins may interact with alpha 2-adrenoceptors, including Gs and Gq/11. Inhibition of adenylyl cyclase activity, which results in decreased formation of cAMP, is an important consequence of alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation. Many of the physiological effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation cannot, however, be explained by decreases in cAMP formation. Therefore, alternative mechanisms have been sought to account for the various effects of alpha 2-adrenoceptor activation on electrophysiologic, secretory and contractile cellular responses. Recent results obtained from studies on ion channel regulation point to the importance of calcium and potassium channels in the molecular pharmacology of alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
A signal processing view of strip-mapping synthetic aperture radar (1989)

The authors derive the fundamental strip-mapping SAR (synthetic aperture radar) imaging equations from first principles. They show that the resolution mechanism relies on the geometry of the imaging situation rather than on the Doppler effect. Both the airborne and spaceborne cases are considered. Range processing is discussed by presenting an analysis of pulse compression and formulating a mathematical model of he radar return signal. This formulation is used to obtain the airborne SAR model. The authors study the resolution mechanism and derive the signal processing relations needed to produce a high-resolution image. They introduce spotlight-mode SAR and briefly indicate how polar-format spotlight processing can be used in strip-mapping SAR. They discuss a number of current and future research directions in SAR imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
From Tuples to Files: a Fast Transactional System Store and File System (2012)

Traditional file systems are designed to store a moderate number of large objects.However, an increasing number of applications need also to store a large number of interrelated smaller objects, to query and update these objects and their relationships, and to maintain consistency and recoverability.Current approaches require applications to interact with multiple interfaces for different data types, making it difficult for programmers to develop error-free, efficient, and portable applications.Researchers have tried to solve this problem by using additional layers of abstraction to unify these disparate interfaces but continue to use traditional storage formats and algorithms that are optimized only for specific workloads.We have built a transactional system store that can efficiently manage a continuum of interrelated objects from small to large.Our system is based on a data structure, the VT-tree, which is an extension of the log-structured merge-tree data structure (LSM).In this thesis we describe a transactional system store design and implementation that supports high levels of concurrency and larger-than-RAM snapshot-based transactions.We then describe the design of a new transactional file system, KVFS, which is based on our transactional VT-tree.In our system, applications can perform key-value storage and POSIX file operations in the same ACID system transaction, providing support for operations such as file indexing and tagging, meta-data search, and package installation-all in a generic and flexible manner.Our experiments indicate that KVFS's performance is comparable to that of existing native file systems and its elegant transactional interface adds a minimal overhead and supports highly concurrent transactions.iii To my Mom, Dad, Sowmya, Praveen, and my family and friends:for their support all through out my life.Professor Erez Zadok has backed me all throughout my stint here at File Systems and Storage Lab.Other than just helping me with technical issues, he also sponsored me to attend lot of prestigious conferences, meet other researchers and shape my research at par with other research projects.My mother, father, sister, and brother have all always supported me whether it is related to education, sports
Some acid-catalysed reactions of indol-3-yl and indol-2-yl disubstituted methanols (2009)

1-Substituted indol-3-yl and indol-2-yl disubstituted methanols do not undergo acid-catalysed trimerisation to yield indolocyclotriveratrylenes, unlike the related primary 1-substituted indol-3-yl- and -2-ylmethanols. The 1-substituted indol-3-ylmethanols 10 and 11 gave diindol-3-ylmethanes 12 and 13 , respectively, on treatment with p -toluenesulfonic acid in dichloromethane. In contrast, the indol-2-ylmethanols 22 and 23 gave the reduced indolo[3,2- b ]carbazoles 24 and 25 , respectively, on treatment with boron trifluoride etherate in benzene. An X-ray crystal structure of compound 24 is described.
Single-channel time reversal in elastic solids (2004)

Reverberant volume time reversal in 3D elastic solids (doped glass and Berea sandstone) using a single channel are presented. In spite of large numbers of mode conversions (compressional to shear wave conversions at the walls), time reversal works extremely well, providing very good spatial and time focusing of elastic waves. Ceramics were bonded to the surface as sources (100–700 kHz); a broadband laser vibrometer (dc—1.5 MHz) was used as detector. Temporal and spatial time-reversal focusing are frequency dependent and depend on the dissipation characteristics of the medium. Doped glass (inverse dissipation Q between 2000 to 3000) shows time-reversed spatial focal resolution at about half of the shear wavelength. The Berea sandstone (Q=50) yields a wider focusing width (a bit more than the shear wavelength) due to its lower Q. Focusing in the doped glass is better because the time-reversal (virtual) array created by wave reflections is larger than in the highly attenuating sandstone. These are the first results reported in granular media, and are a first step toward geophysical and field applications.
Internetworking across public ATM networks (2003)

The emergence of public ATM networks, such as B-ISDN and SMDS, is considered to have a high impact on future internetworking environments. This paper presents a new bridging architecture designed for that purpose and discusses its feasibility in TCP/IP networks. The new architecture, called Open Bridging, uses special capabilities of public ATM networks, such as the hierarchical addressing mechanism and the routing support inside the network, to provide for efficient interconnection of remote LANs across public ATM networks. The operation of Open Bridges does not interfere with current TCP/IP protocols. However, the efficiency of Open Bridging can be obtained in the interconnection of TCP/IP networks if a slight extension to the address resolution protocol (ARP) is implemented to push the routing of data packets down to the MAC level. Moreover, the architecture of Open Brouters is also proposed to enable full interoperability among domains using either Open Bridging or IP routing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of autoantibody epitopes of glutamic acid decarboxylase in stiff-man syndrome patients. (1994)

Stiff-man syndrome is a neurologic disorder characterized by progressive rigidity of skeletal muscles. Deficiency of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid and autoantibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), the enzyme synthesizing gamma-aminobutyric acid, are closely associated with the disorder, although the relevant antigenic epitopes have not been identified. In the present study, sera from two patients with SMS was used in an immunoblotting assay with recombinant GAD67 (M(r) 67,000) and GAD65 (M(r) 65,000) isoforms to test whether SMS sera can recognize specific epitopes. We found that both SMS sera recognized the GAD65, but not the GAD67, isoform. Using 13 different synthetic GAD peptides to block the autoantibodies, two GAD65 epitopes were identified. One epitope recognized by both patients' sera, was blocked by the peptide representing amino acid residues 354-368. In one patient only, blocking was also observed by a peptide representing residues 390-402, which includes the binding site of the GAD cofactor, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. A single amino acid substitution in GAD65 at position 401 (leucine to proline) and representing the analogous GAD67 sequence in this region significantly reduced the peptide's inhibitory effect. These findings suggest that SMS GAD autoantibodies share distinct GAD65 linear epitopes and that some SMS patients' autoantibodies may block the active site, explaining SMS GABA deficiency.
Decrease in Bispectral Index Preceding Intraoperative Hemodynamic Crisis: Evidence of Acute Alteration of Propofol Pharmacokinetics (2002)

THE bispectral index (BIS®, Aspect Medical Systems Inc., Newton, MA) is a processed electroencephalographic variable which correlates with depth of hypnosis in adult patients during general anesthesia, 1,2 It has also been used clinically to guide anesthetic drug administration, 3 and to quantify the pharmacodynamic action of anesthetic drugs in the laboratory setting. 4 HIS has previously been shown to decrease following hypovolemic cardiac arrest, lagging behind the decrease in blood pressure by approximately 2 min. 5 We report a case of unrecognized venous hemorrhage with a fatal outcome during total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) for elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair, where the BIS score began to decrease well before other monitored variables suggested clinical deterioration, and we propose that BIS-derived data may provide early insights into altered drug pharmacokinetics due to hemorrhage.
Subarachnoid Fentanyl Augments Lidocaine Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery (1995)

The addition of fentanyl 15 micrograms to hyperbaric lidocaine for subarachnoid anesthesia for cesarean delivery increases the duration of effective analgesia by approximately 30 minutes compared to plain hyperbaric lidocaine, and provides a protective effect regarding nausea and vomiting in the perioperative period.
Production of membrane proteins using cell‐free expression systems (2008)

Production of membrane proteins (MPs) is a challenging task as their hydrophobic nature and their specific requirements in cellular expression systems frequently prevent an efficient synthesis. Cell-free (CF) expression systems have been developed in recent times as promising tools by offering completely new approaches to synthesize MPs directly into artificial hydrophobic environments. A considerable variety of CF produced MPs has been characterized by functional and structural approaches and the high success rates and the rapidly accumulating data on quality and expression efficiencies increasingly attract attention. In addition, CF expression is a highly dynamic and versatile technique and new modifications for improved performance as well as for extended applications for the labeling, throughput expression and proteomic analysis of MPs are rapidly emerging.
A New Hetero-material Stepped Gate (HSG) SOI LDMOS for RF Power Amplifier Applications (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new hetero-material stepped gate (HSG) SOI LDMOS in which the gate is divided into three sections - an n+ gate sandwiched between two p+ gates and the gate oxide thickness increases from source to drain. This new device structure improves the inversion layer charge density in the channel, results in uniform electric field distribution in the drift region and reduces the gate to drain capacitance. Using two-dimensional simulation, the HSG LDMOS is designed and compared with the conventional LDMOS. We demonstrate that the proposed device exhibits 28% improvement in breakdown voltage, 32% reduction in on-resistance, 13% improvement in transconductance, 9% reduction in gate to drain charge and 38% reduction in switching delay. HSG LDMOS may be effectively deployed in RF power amplifier applications.
Influence of Stitching Parameters on Tensile Strength of Aramid/Vinyl Ester Composites (2013)

Stitching process is used to provide structural integrity and through-the-thickness reinforcement in the composite materials. In this study, the effect of sewing parameters on tensile strength in stitched composite laminates was examined. In the production of composite laminates, Twaron T-750 type plain weave fabric was used as reinforcement material and a Polives 702 Bisphenol-A type epoxy based vinyl ester as resin. The effects of stitch density and stitch direction or stitch pattern on tensile strength of composite samples were studied and, as a result of the experiments, it was observed that higher tensile strength occurs with low stitch densities in stitched laminates.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.19.1.3829
Electromagnetic simulation of some common balun structures (2002)

Baluns serve many applications in RF and microwave communications, radar, and instrumentation equipment. The word balun is an acronym for balanced-to-unbalanced converter, and the function is employed to change a single-ended signal, i.e., a signal that is referenced to ground, to a balanced signal with equal potentials with respect to ground but opposite polarity. These balun structures are employed in such common RF and. microwave components as mixers' antenna-feed networks, and frequency multipliers. In this paper some common balun structures are investigated using the electromagnetic simulation software package Microwave Office, available from Applied Wave Research. The Microwave Office design suite is an integrated software package that includes an object-oriented linear and nonlinear circuit simulator as well as a full-wave, electromagnetic analysis of planar, physical structures that may be imported within the circuit simulator.