gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry with supersonic molecular beams (2008)

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with supersonic molecular beams (SMBs) (also named Supersonic GC-MS) is based on GC and MS interface with SMBs and on the electron ionization (EI) of vibrationally cold analytes in the SMBs (cold EI) in a fly-through ion source. This ion source is inherently inert and further characterized by fast response and vacuum background filtration capability. The same ion source offers three modes of ionization including cold EI, classical EI and cluster chemical ionization (CI). Cold EI, as a main mode, provides enhanced molecular ions combined with an effective library sample identification, which is supplemented and complemented by a powerful isotope abundance analysis method and software. The range of low-volatility and thermally labile compounds amenable for analysis is significantly increased owing to the use of the contact-free, fly-through ion source and the ability to lower sample elution temperatures through the use of high column carrier gas flow rates. Effective, fast GC-MS is enabled particularly owing to the possible use of high column flow rates and improved system selectivity in view of the enhancement of the molecular ion. This fast GC-MS with SMB can be further improved via the added selectivity of MS-MS, which by itself benefits from the enhancement of the molecular ion, the most suitable parent ion for MS-MS. Supersonic GC-MS is characterized by low limits of detection (LOD), and its sensitivity is superior to that of standard GC-MS, particularly for samples that are hard for analysis. The GC separation of the Supersonic GC-MS can be improved with pulsed flow modulation (PFM) GC x GC-MS. Electron ionization LC-MS with SMB can also be combined with the Supersonic GC-MS, with fast and easy switching between these two modes of operation.
Dynamic electroacoustic transducer having a moving coil in an air gap filled with a magnetic liquid (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Karl‐Heinz Thiele; Dynamic electroacoustic transducer having a moving coil in an air gap filled with a magnetic liquid. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 May 1982; 71 (5): 1315. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.387665 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Phenylcoumarins. (1990)

Abstract Pechmann condensation of the resorcinol (I) with the esters (II) and (IV) affords the new 4‐phenylcoumarins (III) and (V)/(VI).
Synthesis of Condensed Quinoxalines. III. : 1, 2-Dihydroimidazo [1, 2-&alpha;]-quinoxalines and 1, 2-Dihydro-3H-pyrimido [1, 2-&alpha;] quinoxalines (1970)

2-Chloroquinoxalines (Ia-Ic) were reacted with ethanolamine to give 2-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-quinoxalines (IIa-IIc). Similar reactions with γ-hydroxypropylamine in place of ethanolamine were carried out to give 2-(3-hydroxypropylamino)-quinoxalines (IIIa-IIIc). When IIa-IIc and IIIa-IIIc were each refluxed in phosphorus oxychloride, 1, 2-dihydroimidazo [1, 2-α] quinoxalines (IVa-IVc) and 1, 2-dihydro-3H-pyrimido [1, 2-α]-quinoxalines (Va-Vc) were respectively produced. IVa-IVc and Va-Vc were stable in acid solution but unstable in alkali solution. Ring fission occurred easily in the latter case, and IVb and Vc were converted into VIa and VIb, respectively. IVb was also obtained by replacement of the chloro group in Ib with aziridine. VIII and IX were synthesized in relation to 1, 2-dihydroimidazo [1, 2-α] quinoxalines.
Print on Demand (2017)

Advances in 3-D printing and biomaterials are helping to shape the field of regenerative medicine. Sarah Webb examines the latest developments.
Molecular analysis of the essential gene for adenylate kinase from the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe (1993)

The enzyme-catalyzed transfer of the terminal phosphoryl group from ATP to an acceptor molecule is an important reaction in a wide variety of biological processes. I demonstrate here the essential function of an ATP:AMP phosphotransferase (adenylate kinase) in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A cDNA clone encoding immunoreactive adenylate kinase from S. pombe was isolated from a lambda gt11 expression library by cross-reaction with antibodies raised against the recently characterized ADK1 enzyme from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Subsequent cloning and nucleotide sequence analysis of the S. pombe adenylate kinase gene, adk1, revealed a coding region of 660 nucleotides. The alignment of the two amino acid sequences from S. cerevisiae and S. pombe shows 67% identity. By gene disruption and tetrad analysis it is demonstrated that adk1 is absolutely essential for cell viability. This is in contrast to the ADK1 gene of S. cerevisiae, the deletion of which was shown to lead to a slower cell growth rate rather than to a lethal phenotype. Expression of adk1 in the S. cerevisiae ADK1 deletion strain restored normal cell growth, demonstrating that ADK1 and adk1 are functionally interchangeable. However, despite lack of absolute substrate specificity of adenylate kinases, adk1 could not complement the loss of function of the guanylate kinase encoding gene in a S. cerevisiae null mutant strain, thus highlighting the functional uniqueness of each nucleoside monophosphate kinase. Using suitable expression vectors, large amounts of active adk1 enzyme were produced in either yeast species and in E. coli. The purified enzyme exhibits a high preference for adenine nucleotides, with ATP being a 10 times more efficient phosphoryl donor than GTP.
Introspection in System-Level Language Frameworks: Meta-Level vs. Integrated (2003)

Reflection and automated introspection of a design in system level design frameworks are seen as necessities for the CAD tools to manipulate the designs within the tools. These features are also useful for debuggers, class and object browsers, design analyzers, composition validation, type checking, compatibility checking, etc. However, the central question is whether such features should be integrated into the language, or if we should build frameworks which feature these capabilities in a meta-layer, leaving the system-level language intact. In our recent interactions with designers, we have found differing opinions. Especially in the context of SystemC, the temptation to integrate reflective APIs into the language is great, because C++ is expressive, and already has type introspective packages available. In this paper, we analyze this issue and show that (i) it is a better EDA system architecture to implement reflection/introspection at a meta-layer in a design framework (ii) there are relatively unexplored territories of design automation, such as behavioral typing of component interfaces, corresponding type-theory, and their implication in automating component composition, interface synthesis, and validation, which can be better incorporated if the introspection is implemented at a meta-layer.
Efficient multi-sensor exploration using dependent observations and conditional mutual information (2016)

In search and rescue scenarios, it is important to find survivors and map their locations quickly and efficiently. This paper presents a multimodal exploration and mapping approach that extends an occupancy grid map formulation to incorporate conditionally dependent sensor observations from multiple sensors and enables reasoning about uncertainty to select maximally informative actions. Temperature from a simulated thermal camera and range from a simulated time-of-flight camera provide updates to spatial and thermal dense voxel maps. The information gain is computed as the sum of the Mutual Information between the depth sensor and spatial map and Conditional Mutual Information between the multimodal sensor and map. Formulating multimodal exploration and mapping in this way results in selecting actions that drive the robot to collect thermal observations of occupied regions and reduce the uncertainty of both the occupancy state and temperature state of the environment. The performance of the proposed methodology is evaluated through simulations with an aerial robot exploring an office room and compared to state-of-art information-theoretic exploration techniques.
Aero-Engine Efficiencies (1920)

By the efficiency of a petrol engine, one usually understands the thermal efficiency, or the ratio of the heat returned as work on the crank shaft, to the heat energy in the fuel. This efficiency is vitally important in an aero engine intended for long-distance work, since it directly affects the weight of fuel to be carried. The necessity for a high thermal efficiency on the B.H.P. almost of necessity involves that of a high mechanical efficiency, that is it requires that the losses due to mechanical friction and to pumping losses shall be small. But an engine may have a high thermal efficiency and yet have a comparatively low brake mean effective pressure. It may, owing to too small a valve area or to poor design of the induction system, only be able to draw a small weight charge into the cylinder, although it may use this very efficiently once it is in the cylinder.
<i>ATHENA</i>,<i>ARTEMIS</i>,<i>HEPHAESTUS</i>: data analysis for X-ray absorption spectroscopy using<i>IFEFFIT</i> (2005)

A software package for the analysis of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) data is presented. This package is based on the IFEFFIT library of numerical and XAS algorithms and is written in the Perl programming language using the Perl/Tk graphics toolkit. The programs described here are: (i) ATHENA, a program for XAS data processing, (ii) ARTEMIS, a program for EXAFS data analysis using theoretical standards from FEFF and (iii) HEPHAESTUS, a collection of beamline utilities based on tables of atomic absorption data. These programs enable high-quality data analysis that is accessible to novices while still powerful enough to meet the demands of an expert practitioner. The programs run on all major computer platforms and are freely available under the terms of a free software license.
Artificial intelligence and virtual organizations (1997)

article Free Access Share on Artificial intelligence and virtual organizations Authors: Daniel E. O'Leary University of Southern California, Los Angeles University of Southern California, Los AngelesView Profile , Daniel Kuokka Xerox Corp. Xerox Corp.View Profile , Robert Plant University of Miami, Fla. University of Miami, Fla.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 40Issue 1Jan. 1997 pp 52–59https://doi.org/10.1145/242857.242871Published:01 January 1997Publication History 69citation1,948DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations69Total Downloads1,948Last 12 Months104Last 6 weeks18 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Development of Specific Nested Oligonucleotide PCR Primers for the <i>Streptococcus iniae</i> 16S-23S Ribosomal DNA Intergenic Spacer (1998)

Streptococcus iniae is a cause of septicemia, meningoencephalitis, and death in farmed fish and of cellulitis in human beings. A set of nested oligonucleotide PCR primers that specifically amplified a 373-bp subunit from a variety of clinical isolates from farmed fish and human patients were constructed from a 524-bp consensus sequence of the S. iniae 16S-23S ribosomal DNA intergenic spacer.
Transient Thermal Response of Skin Tissue (2008)

Recent improvements in infrared sensor and computer technology led to the resurgence of the infrared imaging in medicine. The technique has many advantages such as being noninvasive and relatively less expensive than MRI or ultrasound. These imaging techniques are based on the following principle: when a surface is heated or cooled, variations in the thermal properties of a structure result in identifiable temperature contours on it. These contours are characteristic of the structure’s shape, depth, and its thermal properties.
White Beam Slits and Pink Beam Slits for the Hard X-ray Nanoprobe Beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (2007)

A new type of slit has been designed for use in the hard x‐ray nanoprobe beamline at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The design incorporates monolithic GlidCop slit bodies mounted to commercially available x‐y drive systems. Long, tapered apertures with adjacent water‐cooling channels intercept the x‐ray beam, removing the high heat load produced by two collinear APS undulators. The apertures are L‐shaped and provide both horizontal and vertical slits. The beam‐defining edges, positioned at the end of the tapered surfaces, consist of two sets of tungsten blades. These blades produce an exit beam with sharp corners and assure a clean cut‐off for the white beam edges. The slit assembly is designed to allow overlap of the slit edges to stop the beam.The white beam slit design accommodates 3100 W of total power with a peak power density of 763 W/mm2. The pink beam slit design accommodates 400 W of total power with a peak power density of 180 W/mm2. Detailed thermal analyses were performed to verify the slits’ accuracy under full beam loading. The new concept allows beamline operations to 180 mA with a simplified design approach.
Circular regression using Bayesian unwrapping (2008)

Circular data arise in a number of biological and physical applications. Circular regression refers to the study of the dependence of a circular response variable on a collection of explanatory variables. In this paper the circular response variable is modelled as a wrapped Gaussian process. Previously, estimation with wrapped processes has been performed used complicated iterative optimisation or random sampling techniques. The recursive Bayesian algorithm proposed here is simple to implement and computationally economical by comparison. The proposed algorithm is applied to phase parameter estimation.
Evaluating RNA status for RT-PCR in extracts of postmortem human brain tissue (2004)

Total RNA was extracted from 105 individual postmortem human brain samples representing a range of postmortem conditions. To improve upon parameters currently used to screen for RNA quality, electropherogram patterns generated by the Agilent Bioanalyzer 2100 were compared to the average score in random hexamer-primed reverse transcription real-time PCR for four housekeeping genes in each RNA sample. The ribosomal ratio (28S to 18S) was found to be unrelated to the housekeeping gene score (r = -0.06; P = 0.50), and there was no threshold value in the ratio that could be applied to effectively categorize the RNA degradation. Although the housekeeping gene score correlated significantly with the percentage of area in the electropherogram corresponding to moderate to high molecular weight intact mRNA (r = 0.41; P = 0.0001), the best discriminator was determined to be the ratio of the 18S peak height to the highest peak in the tRNA to 18S rRNA baseline. Applying a lower boundary of 2.12 for the ratio allowed for the screening out of samples with the lowest housekeeping gene scores without excluding better-quality samples. This measure represents a marked improvement over the 28S to 18S ratio, which proved to be a misleading indicator of the state of the mRNA for use in random hexamer-primed reverse transcription PCR.
SNR estimation in time-varying fading channels (2006)

Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimation is considered for phase-shift keying communication systems in time-varying fading channels. Both data-aided (DA) estimation and nondata-aided (NDA) estimation are addressed. The time-varying fading channel is modeled as a polynomial-in-time. Inherent estimation accuracy limitations are examined via the Cramer-Rao lower bound, where it is shown that the effect of the channel's time variation on SNR estimation is negligible. A novel maximum-likelihood (ML) SNR estimator is derived for the time-varying channel model. In DA scenarios, where the estimator has a simple closed-form solution, the exact performance is evaluated both with correct and incorrect (i.e., mismatched) polynomial order. In NDA estimation, the unknown data symbols are modeled as random, and the marginal likelihood is used. The expectation-maximization algorithm is proposed to iteratively maximize this likelihood function. Simulation results show that the resulting estimator offers statistical efficiency over a wider range of scenarios than previously published methods.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>and Gastric Cancer: Factors That Modulate Disease Risk (2010)

Helicobacter pylori is a gastric pathogen that colonizes approximately 50% of the world's population. Infection with H. pylori causes chronic inflammation and significantly increases the risk of developing duodenal and gastric ulcer disease and gastric cancer. Infection with H. pylori is the strongest known risk factor for gastric cancer, which is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Once H. pylori colonizes the gastric environment, it persists for the lifetime of the host, suggesting that the host immune response is ineffective in clearing this bacterium. In this review, we discuss the host immune response and examine other host factors that increase the pathogenic potential of this bacterium, including host polymorphisms, alterations to the apical-junctional complex, and the effects of environmental factors. In addition to host effects and responses, H. pylori strains are genetically diverse. We discuss the main virulence determinants in H. pylori strains and the correlation between these and the diverse clinical outcomes following H. pylori infection. Since H. pylori inhibits the gastric epithelium of half of the world, it is crucial that we continue to gain understanding of host and microbial factors that increase the risk of developing more severe clinical outcomes.
Replacement of His<sup>23</sup> by Cys in a zinc finger of HIV‐1 NC<sub>p</sub>7 led to a change in <sup>1</sup>H NMR‐derived 3D structure and to a loss of biological activity (1993)

The nucleocapsid protein NCp7 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), which is necessary for the formation of infectious virions, contains two zinc fingers of the Cys-X2-Cys-X4-His-X4-Cys form. To elucidate the importance of this particular motif, well conserved in retroviruses and retroelements, we substituted the histidine residue by a cysteine in the first zinc binding domain 13VKCFNCGKEGHTARNCRA30. The structures of the mutated and native zinc complexed peptides were studied by two-dimensional 600 MHz 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in aqueous solution. The nuclear Overhauser effects were used as constraints to determine the solution structures using DIANA software followed by AMBER energy refinement. The results show that native and mutant peptides fold into non-identical three-dimensional structures, probably accounting for the loss of retrovirus infectivity following the His-Cys point mutation.
Three-crystal method for thermally induced phase mismatch compensation in second-harmonic generation (2017)

A method capable of compensating the thermally induced phase mismatch in second-harmonic generation across a broad spectral range is proposed. Three nonlinear crystals are cascaded in a combination. The crystals at the two ends of the combination perform the frequency conversion. The middle crystal, with opposite sign of the first temperature derivative of phase mismatch, compensates the thermally induced phase mismatch in the first crystal. We theoretically demonstrate that the proposed method can be used to extend the temperature acceptance bandwidth for second-harmonic generation over a broad spectral range. And two examples are studied, frequency conversion from 1064 to 532 nm with Type II phase matching and 532 to 266 nm with Type I phase matching. The temperature acceptance bandwidth of the crystal combination is double that of a single crystal.
Viscometric, volumetric and acoustic properties of binary mixtures of a nuclear extractant with monocarboxylic acids (C1-C3) at 303.15 K (2015)

Experimental values of density ( ρ ), viscosity ( η ) and ultrasonic velocity ( u ) of the binary liquid mixtures of a nuclear extractant-di (2-ethyl hexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and monocarboxylic acids viz. acetic acid, propionic acid and n-butyric acid over entire composition range of D2EHPA at 303.15 K are reported. Experimental data are used to assess the excess molar volume and deviation in isentropic compressibility, ultrasonic velocity and viscosity. These properties are used to interpret molecular interactions among component liquids. The values of excess/deviation functions have been fitted to a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation to derive binary coefficients and estimate standard error. Furthermore, mixture viscosities are correlated with some single parameter viscosity models and relative merits of these models are discussed.
8. From Apolitical Quietism to Jihadist Activism: “Salafis”, Political Mobilization, and Drama of Jihad in Indonesia (2010)

Jihad is often perceived as an expression of religious fanaticism and is mostly associated with the outrageous acts of irrational, insane individuals inspired by their firm belief in radical religious doctrines. Although there is some plausibility in this perception, it fails to uncover the deeper meaning of jihad. Jihad is also a language of protest that can be used by marginalized individuals to construct their identity and thereby their position in the public sphere. For them, jihad is a message conveyed to display attempts to transform and empower their marginalization and break out of their own sense of frustration. The rise of Laskar Jihad, which from April 2000 until its disbanding in October 2002 mobilized more than 7,000 members to fight jihad against Christians in the Moluccas and other Indonesian trouble spots, perfectly represents an attempt made by a group of people to negotiate their identity through the call for jihad and the particular kind of violence it enacted. This organization was a paramilitary division of the Forum Komunikasi Ahl al- Sunnah wal-Jama'ah (Communication Forum of the Followers of the Sunna and the Community of the Prophet) established by those who identify themselves as “Salafis”, followers of the pious ancestors ( Salaf al-Salih ), active under the banner of the salafi dakwah movement. THE SALAFI DAKWAH MOVEMENT The salafi dakwah movement began to exert its influence throughout Indonesia in the mid-1980s, by developing a stance of apolitical quietism. Unlike other Islamic organizations, both home-grown and transnational, which had proliferated earlier, this movement was squarely within the puritanical classic Salafi-Wahhabi tradition. Its main concern covered matters of creed and morality, such as strict monotheism, anti-sufism, divine attributes, purifying Islam from accretions, and developing the moral integrity of the individual. True to their advocacy of the espousal of the return to the doctrine of the Salaf al-Salih , members avoided discussing politics, or, more precisely, engaging questions of political power.
APreS-MIDI: aperture synthesis in the mid-infrared with the VLTI (2003)

We are studying an optical concept aiming at recombining 4 telescope beams. Interference fringes are sampled in the pupil plane. Such a principle is perfectly adapted for reconstructing images by aperture synthesis at 10 μm with the VLTI. This principle could be used for building a new generation 10 μm instrument, but instead of doing a totally new instrument, we propose the design of an optical module that can supply the current MIDI-VLTI instrument with 4 beams.