gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Environmentally Stable Transparent Organic/Oxide Hybrid Transistor Based on an Oxide Semiconductor and a Polyimide Gate Insulator (2010)

We fabricated environmentally stable and transparent organic/oxide hybrid transistor on a glass substrate using the conventional photolithography. The obtained device, which was composed of an In-Ga-Zn-O active layer/soluble polyimide (KSPI) organic insulator, showed a mobility of 6.65 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs, a subthreshold swing slope of 350 mV/decade, a threshold voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VT</i> ) of 3.10 V, and an on-off ratio of 3.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> . The transistor also showed good uniformity characteristics and was found to be environmentally stable for 90 days under ambient conditions.
Statistics of successive breakdown events in gate oxides (2003)

The basic statistics for devices/circuits that can tolerate several breakdown (BD) events without failure are derived. All the presented results are analytical and do not rely on the validity of any model relating breakdown to defect generation. The single requirement is the uniform and uncorrelated generation of breakdown paths. Significant lifetime improvement is anticipated for low failure percentiles and Weibull slopes close to unity, as those found in oxides with the thickness required for sub-100-nm CMOS technologies. The presented results are validated using grouping experiments.
Using reverse blocking IGBTs in power converters for adjustable speed drives (2004)

A new semiconductor power device badly needed in certain power converter topologies, the reverse blocking IGBT, has been realized by adding minor changes to the structure of a standard IGBT, which makes it capable of withstanding reverse voltage, but the switching behavior of its intrinsic diode during reverse recovery is not so good as it is in a discrete IGBT and series diode implementation. This paper analyzes the use of this device in three power converter topologies that may benefit from it: the matrix converter, the two-stage direct power converter (DPC) and the three-level voltage source rectifier. A commutation method to override the poor reverse recovery characteristic of the RB-IGBT intrinsec diode in a two-stage DPC is proposed. A loss analysis shows that by using RB-IRBTs, the efficiency of the two-stage DPC becomes similar to a two-level voltage source converter, which is known as the most efficient sine wave-in topology.
MARNA: A server for multiple alignment of RNAs. (2003)

Till to date, the advancement of medical science and technology is still unable to provide inclusive treatment to liver inflammation caused by neither microbial invasion nor antibiotics nor environmental toxins. Therefore, this article provides the basic knowledge of liver inflammation up to the cellular level and its current medical treatment for inflammatory symptom suppression. Because of the adverse effects of drug treatment, people start looking for comprehensive alternative nowadays. Herbal medicine is believed to be the best of choice because it is being practiced until now for centuries. Although numerous herbal plants have been reported for their efficacies in liver protection, Andrographis paniculata is the most widely used herb for hepatoprotection, particularly in Ayurveda and traditional Chinese medicine. This review covers the significant observation on the biochemical responses due to the experimental induction of liver damage in vitro and in vivo using the marker compound of the herb, namely andrographolide and its derivatives. The standardized extract of A. paniculata with the right phytochemical composition of diterpenic labdanes is likely to have tremendous potential for the development of hepatoprotective medicine. This standardized herbal medicine may not provide immediate remedy, but it can be considered as a comprehensive therapy for liver inflammation.
Influence of the frequency parameter on extracellular glutamate and γ‐aminobutyric acid in substantia nigra and globus pallidus during electrical stimulation of subthalamic nucleus in rats (2003)

High-frequency stimulation (HFS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) proves to be an efficient treatment for alleviating motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanisms of HFS underlying these clinical effects remain unknown. Using intracerebral microdialysis, we previously reported that HFS induces, in normal rats, a significant increase of extracellular glutamate (Glu) in the globus pallidus (GP in rats or GPe in primates) and the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), whereas gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was increased only in the SNr. Bradykinesia can be improved by STN stimulation in a frequency-dependent manner, a plateau being reached around 130 Hz. The aim of the present study was to determine whether neurochemical changes are also frequency dependent. Electrical STN stimulation was applied at various frequencies (10, 60, 130, and 350 Hz) in normal rats. The results show that, for Glu, the amplitude of increase detected in GP and SNr is maximal at 130 Hz and is maintained at 350 Hz. No modifications of GABA were observed in GP whatever the frequency applied, whereas, in SNr, GABA increased from 60 to 350 Hz. Our results provide new neurochemical data implicating STN target structures in deep-brain-stimulation mechanisms.
[Suspected convulsive side-effect of mefloquine (Lariam)]. (1991)

A 20 years old female patient with epileptic seizures (bilateral myoclonus and generalized tonic-clonic seizures (bilateral myoclonus and generalized tonic-clonic seizures) since the age of 13 was treated with valproic acid. Eight hours after 2 of 3 prophylactic antimalarial treatments with mefloquine generalized tonic-clonic seizures occurred. A causal relationship is suggested.
The TFIIIB-assembling subunit of yeast transcription factor TFIIIC has both tetratricopeptide repeats and basic helix-loop-helix motifs. (1993)

The multisubunit yeast transcription factor IIIC (TFIIIC; also called tau) can undergo considerable conformational changes upon binding to the A and B blocks of tRNA genes. After binding to DNA encoding tRNA (tDNA), TFIIIC acts as an assembly factor to recruit an initiation factor, TFIIIB, via its tau 131 subunit. We have cloned the gene encoding the tau 131 subunit and named it TFC4. This gene is unique, essential for cell viability, and encodes a M(r) 120,153 protein. Epitope-tagging and mobility-shift assays indicated the presence of a single tau 131 subunit in TFIIIC-tDNA complexes. tau 131 contains two sequence motifs, accounting for nearly one-half of the protein mass, that may provide a molecular explanation for the properties of TFIIIC-tDNA complex. A series of 11 copies of the tetratricopeptide repeat motif may account for the flexibility and interaction properties of TFIIIC. A motif akin to the basic helix-loop-helix motif of MyoD suggests the direct involvement of tau 131 in promoting DNA binding of TFIIIB.
Rapid Generation of Cytomegalovirus Specific T Lymphocytes Using Commercially Available CMV pp65 Peptides. (2006)

Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy with cytomegalovirus (CMV) specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) can result in resolution of viremia and reconstiution of CMV specific immunity following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Most recipients of allogeneic transplants who develop CMV reactivation are successfully treated with anti-viral agents, however some have persistent viremia or develop CMV disease despite these medications. In these situations the development of CMV specific T cells may be impractical due to time contraints or institutional limitations. We have expanded CMV pp65 specific CTL from 5/6 normal blood donors of diverse HLA backgrounds in 10–15 days using adherent cells (monocytes) as antigen presenting cells, pulsed with a commercially available source of CMV pp65 peptides, which includes 138 CMV pp65 15mers. These pulsed monocytes are incubated at a 1:5 ratio with non-adherent peripheral blood lymphocytes, resulting in a population of CD4 and CD8+ CMV pp65 specific T cells after 2 weekly stimulations. While &gt;80% of these cells were CD3+, 29–78% were CD4+, and 15–55% were CD8+. These CTL have specific cytotoxicity against CMV pp65, and intracellular cytokine analysis showed specific interferon-gamma production in response to CMV pp65 target cells. Table I depicts the phenotype as well as interferon-gamma production and specific cytotoxicity in response to stimulation with B lymphoblastoid cell lines (BLCL) expressing pp65. There was no reactivity to allogeneic targets by cytokine analysis or in chromium release assays. CTL sufficient for a dose of 30–50 × 106 CTL were routinely generated from 40–50 cc of whole blood. Considering the short time frame and relative ease with which these CTL can be expanded, this methodology could be readily adopted in clinical situations of persistent or therapy refractory CMV infections in allogeneic stem cell transplant patients as an adjuvant to anti-viral therapy. Characteristics of CMVpp65 CTL Interferon production Cytotoxicity Donor CD4 CD8 BLCL-pp65 BLCL Allo BLCL 1 1% 23% 57% 1% 1% 2 2% 3% 75% 22% 6% 3 6% 1% 31% 7% 7% 4 9% 29% 47% 0% 0% 5 7% 15% 69% 1% 5% 6 24% 3% 10% 1% 6%
Intrathecal administration of botulinum toxin type <scp>A</scp> improves urinary bladder function and reduces pain in rats with cystitis (2014)

Our findings suggest that i.t. Onabot/A has a strong analgesic effect in a model of severe bladder pain. This route of administration can be further explored to treat intractable forms of pain.
100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: Redefining Sustainable Polymers (2020)

Although Staudinger realized <i>makromoleküles</i> had enormous potential, he likely did not anticipate the consequences of their universal adoption. With 6.3 billion metric tons of plastic waste now contaminating our land, water, and air, we are facing an environmental and public health crisis. Synthetic polymer chemists can help create a more sustainable future, but are we on the right path to do so? Herein, a comprehensive literature survey reveals that there has been an increased focus on "sustainable polymers" in recent years, but most papers focus on biomass-derived feedstocks. In contrast, there is less focus on polymer end-of-life fates. Moving forward, we suggest an increased emphasis on chemical recycling, which sees value in plastic waste and promotes a closed-loop plastic economy. To help keep us on the path to sustainability, the synthetic polymer community should routinely seek the systems perspective offered by life cycle assessment.
Adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity (cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure) in rats. (1977)

Summary The recent development of numerous analogs of the anthracycline class of oncolytic agents has resulted in an urgent need for a standardized, accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective system for cardiotoxicity testing. The present studies were designed to determine the feasibility of using the rat as a model for induction of the chronic type of cardiotoxicity (i.e., cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure). Adriamycin (ADR) was administered to rats at doses of 1 to 2 mg/kg/week for 10 to 14 weeks. The majority of ADR-treated rats developed cardiomyopathy from 3 to 23 weeks after the last injection. Forty to 70% of those rats with cardiomyopathy had gross evidence of congestive heart failure (pleural effusions, ascites, hepatomegaly, cardiomegaly). Histological myocardial changes consisted of myocyte vacuolation and degeneration, interstitial edema, and mild fibroplasia. In addition, damage to atrial ganglion cells was evident in several rats. Ultrastructural alterations involved sarcoplasmic disruption with distentions of subcellular organelles and loss of myofilaments. Extracardiac toxic effects of ADR (nephrotoxicity, myelosuppression, enteropathy, arrested osteogenesis) were minor and were observed more frequently at higher cumulative doses. The results of the present study suggest that the rat model is an accurate, reproducible, and cost-effective system for large-scale cardiotoxicity testing of analogs of ADR and daunorubicin.
Malaria Parasites Produce Volatile Mosquito Attractants (2015)

Malaria is a key global health concern. Mosquitoes that transmit malaria are more attracted to malaria parasite-infected mammalian hosts. These studies aimed to understand the chemical signals produced by malaria parasites; such an understanding may lead to new transmission-blocking strategies or noninvasive malaria diagnostics.
Human mononuclear phagocytic cell interaction with some Paramyxoviridae. (1987)

In consideration of the peculiar relationship between Paramyxoviridae and immunocompetent system, we studied interactions of measles virus, Newcastle-disease virus and respiratory syncytial virus with human monocytes and macrophages differentiated "in vitro". Mononuclear cells were challenged with three different Paramyxovirus at different multiplicities of infection. Infected cells were then checked for expression of specific viral antigens by immunofluorescent test (FA). Moreover, we have evaluated the intrinsic antiviral activity and single cycle growth curves.
Implementation and Performance for Lawful Intercept of VoIP Calls based on SIP Session Border Controller (2010)

In an effort to provide lawful intercept for SIP VoIP, an intercept architecture using session border controller is proposed, and a prototype based on this architecture is implemented. A testbed has been set up and tests have been carried out in order to analyze the performance and the capability of function entities and interfaces. Test results show that SBC intercept capability in SIP signaling is superior to that in RTP media stream. Test results also show that delivery function, collect function and their interfaces have accordant intercept performance and the capability with SBC.
The South Carolina Digital Watershed: End-to-End Support for Real-Time Management of Water Resources (2010)

Water resources are under unprecedented strain. The combined effects of population growth, climate change, and rural industrialization have led to greater demand for an increasingly scarce resource. Ensuring that communities have adequate access to water—an essential requirement for community health and prosperity—requires finegrained management policies based on real-time in situ data, both environmental and hydrological. To address this requirement at the state level, we have developed the South Carolina Digital Watershed, an end-to-end system for monitoring water resources. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of the core system components: (i) in situ sensing hardware, (ii) collection and uplink facilities, (iii) data streaming middleware, and (iv) back-end repository and presentation services. We conclude by discussing key organizational and technical challenges encountered during the development process.
Atom transfer radical polymerization in inverse miniemulsion: A versatile route toward preparation and functionalization of microgels/nanogels for targeted drug delivery applications (2009)

This short review describes application of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in inverse miniemulsion and disulfide–thiol exchange to prepare well-defined biodegradable functional nanogels (ATRP-nanogels). Due to the formation of uniform network, the ATRP-nanogels have higher swelling ratios, better colloidal stability, and controlled degradation, as compared to nanogels prepared by conventional free-radical polymerization. Various water-soluble biomolecules such as anticancer drugs, carbohydrates, proteins, and star branched polymers were incorporated into ATRP-nanogels at high loading level, by in-situ physical loading or by in-situ chemical incorporation via covalent bonds. The nanogels crosslinked with disulfide or polyester linkages were degraded either in the presence of biocompatible reducing agents or by hydrolysis for controllable release of the encapsulated drugs. ATRP-nanogels contain bromine end groups that enable further chain extension and functionalization with biorelated molecules. They are also easily functionalized by copolymerization with functional monomers or use of functional ATRP initiator during synthesis. These functional nanogels have capability to be further chemically modified and bioconjugated with cell-targeting proteins, antibodies, and integrin-binding peptides to increase cellular uptake via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These results suggest that such well-defined functional nanogels have great potential for targeted drug delivery applications.
知情同意的意义（上）——生物库伦理学该如何理解参与者观点 (2011)

解释了在进入参与生物库的门户时参与者的角色。三项实证研究对生物库参与者在生物库知情同意程序的观点进行了审慎评估和讨论。这些研究表明，对知情同意伦理要求方面，参与者的观点是带有广泛不同见解的异质组而不是同质组；需要理解在招募中捐赠者的实际情境和在这些情境下他们的感觉；许多参与者可能并不按知情同意概念所期待的方式理解参与行为；知情同意的程序对很多人而言仍然是很重要的，其灵活性也证明可以满足那些非正统的参与者的某些期望。提出通过全新的视角审视患者参与的伦理学。
Retarded Necking in Continuous Nylon-Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene (1976)

The tensile properties of isotactic polypropylene materials reinforced with continuous nylon fibers were measured. Less than 10 vol % of the fibers leads to an increased yield strength and yield elongation. As little as 3 vol % of the nylon fibers increased the elongation at necking from 10 to 20%. This retarded necking arises from the fiber-matrix debonding which delocalizes the microscopic yielding processes.
Special Issue On Emerging Technologies [Guest Editor's Introduction] (1997)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
A high-speed surface-mount optical data link for military applications (2002)

The design and performance of the AT&T ODL (optical data link) 250H, a low-profile surface-mount optical data link suitable for use in hash military environments at data rates up to 250 Mb/s, is described. This optical data link consists of a transmitter and a receiver, each self-contained in a compact package which may be used on both sides of standard electronic module circuit boards. Packages are hermetically enclosed and contain no organic materials. The transmitter and receiver operate at an optical wavelength of 1.3 mu m. Each uses a pigtail which may be selected to interface with either 62.5/125 or 100/140- mu m multimode optical fiber. The electrical input and output signals are 100K ECL (emitter coupled logic) compatible. From -55 degrees C to +125 degrees C this link typically allows for approximately 20 dB of optical loss in a system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acoustic polarization for optimized implantable power transimittion (2007)

We present a fully-packaged acoustic power receiver which is implantable in the subcutaneous tissue to receive the acoustic energy generated from a compressive wave emitter on the skin. The implanted receiver is a piezoelectric acoustic transducer and is packaged by biocompatible cohesive gels. This specific package is soft enough to absorb the incident wave from the subcutaneous tissue. The receiver employs direct charging to convert the acoustic energy into the extractable electrical energy through piezoelectricity when exposed to the acoustic field. The effects of the scattering package shape and the stiffness ratio between the package and subcutaneous tissue are considered to design the receivers. The energy efficiency of the fabricated receiver is measured inside real streaky pork, which is used to simulate human subcutaneous tissue. The result indicates that the spherical package is more suitable than the cubic one when they are buried in the fatty layer. The maximum efficiency of the power transmission is found to be −40dB.
Separation methods for high specific activity radioarsenic (2012)

Radiopharmaceuticals require the use of high specific activity radionuclides, especially when targeting limited numbers of receptors on tumor surfaces. Two radioisotopes of arsenic (72As and 77As) are potentially useful in diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals. Methods for the production, separation, and isolation of high specific activity 72As and 77As are presented.
Intelligent Calibration Method of low cost MEMS Inertial Measurement Unit for an FPGA-based Navigation System (2011)

Based on a small, lightweight, low-cost high performance inertial Measurement Units(IMU), an effective calibration method is implemented to evaluate the performance of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems(MEMS) sensors suffering from various errors to get acceptable navigation results. A prototype development board based on FPGA, dual core processor's configuration for INS/GPS integrated navigation system is designed for experimental testing. The significant error sources of IMU such as bias, scale factor, and misalignment are estimated in virtue of static tests, rate tests, and thermal tests. Moreover, an effective intelligent calibration method combining with Kalman filter is proposed to estimate parameters and reduce the effect of IMU dynamic errors that can degrade the system performance. The efficiency of proposed approach is demonstrated by various experimental scenarios.
Intracerebroventricular Oxytocin Stimulates Maternal Behaviour in the Sheep (1987)

The maternal behaviour of 7 ovariectomized, oestrogen-treated ewes was recorded after intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions of oxytocin (OT). At weekly intervals 10-min behaviour tests were given starting 1 min after control (saline) or OT infusions. In the ewes' home pens, 5-, 10- and 20-micrograms doses of OT significantly increased the frequency of some or all of the maternal behaviours scored (low-pitch bleats, sniffing, licking and approaching/following the lamb), and 3 ewes allowed suckling attempts. Aggressive (head butts) and negative (withdrawal from the lamb) behaviours significantly decreased in frequency. Vaginocervical stimulation (10 min duration) produced similar effects on these behaviours. When the lambs were removed from the ewes' pens, the ewes exhibited significantly more high-pitch bleats (protest) following OT treatment. When 20 micrograms OT was given ICV in the absence of oestrogen priming, or when it was given intravenously with oestrogen priming, no significant effects on maternal behaviour were seen. Maternal behaviour was also significantly stimulated in oestrogen-treated ewes in a larger, novel testing environment (an enclosed area of field) following 5- and 20-micrograms doses of OT. In an additional experiment in the field enclosure it was found that ewes spent significantly more time near a lamb in a cage following both 5- and 20-micrograms doses of OT. In both experimental settings the high OT doses (10 and 20 micrograms) significantly increased the frequency of feeding although the effect was not dependent on oestrogen priming. These results demonstrate that central OT may play an important role in stimulating maternal behaviour in the sheep.
Heat resistant styrene/α‐methylstyrene copolymers made via continuous anionic polymerization at high temperature (1990)

Abstract Styrene/α‐methylstyrene (SAMS) copolymers were produced containing up to 67 weight % AMS. The polymerizations were carried out using anionic polymerization at high temperature (100°C) in a CSTR type reactor. The reactivity ratios for the anionic copolymerization of styrene ( M 1 ) and AMS ( M 2 ) were estimated to be r 1 = 60 and r 2 = 0.01. Thermal degradation of a SAMS copolymer containing 50 weight % AMS was studied and compared with free radical polystyrene (FRPS) and anionic polystyrene (APS). The relative rate of styrene monomer generation for the three polymers followed the order SAMS > FRPS > APS. The relative rate of loss of molecular weight for the three polymers was FRPS > APS > SAMS. This indicates that the main mechanism of thermal degradation of SAMS copolymers is depolymerization rather than chain scission.