gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lipid implants as drug delivery systems (2008)

The parenteral controlled delivery of acid-labile drugs (e.g., proteins) is difficult, because the standard polymer poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) used to control drug release upon parenteral administration degrades into shorter chain acids, creating acidic microclimates. Lipid implants do not show this disadvantage. The objective of this article is to give an overview on the present state of the art and to highlight the advantages and drawbacks of the different types of systems reported in the literature. The major preparation techniques for lipid implants, underlying mass transport mechanisms, biocompatibility and in vivo performance of the most interesting systems are described. Lipid implants offer a great potential as parenteral controlled drug delivery systems, especially for protein-based drugs. A broad spectra of release patterns can be provided and acidic microclimates avoided.
Leptin opposes insulin’s effects on fatty acid partitioning in muscles isolated from obese <i>ob/ob</i>mice (1999)

Because muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation might contribute to insulin resistance in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, we studied the acute (60- to 90-min) effects of leptin and insulin on [14C]glucose and [14C]oleate metabolism in muscles isolated from lean and obese ob/ob mice. In ob/ob soleus, leptin decreased glycogen synthesis 36-46% (P < 0.05), increased oleate oxidation 26% (P < 0.05), decreased oleate incorporation into TAG 32% (P < 0.05), and decreased the oleate partitioning ratio (oleate partitioned into TAG/CO2) 44% (P < 0.05). Insulin decreased oleate oxidation 31% (P < 0.05), increased oleate incorporation into TAG 46% (P < 0.05), and increased the partitioning ratio 125% (P < 0.01). Adding leptin diminished insulin's antioxidative, lipogenic effects. In soleus from lean mice, insulin increased the partitioning ratio 142%, whereas leptin decreased it 51%, as previously reported (Muoio, D. M. , G. L. Dohm, F. T. Fiedorek, E. B. Tapscott, and R. A. Coleman. Diabetes 46: 1360-1363, 1997). The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor wortmannin blocked insulin's effects on lipid metabolism but only attenuated leptin's effects. Increasing glucose concentration from 5 to 10 mM did not affect TAG synthesis, suggesting that insulin-induced lipogenesis is independent of increased glucose uptake. These data indicate that leptin opposes insulin's promotion of TAG accumulation in lean and ob/ob muscles. Because acute leptin exposure does not correct insulin resistance in ob/ob muscles, in vivo improvements in glucose homeostasis appear to require other long-term factors, possibly TAG depletion.
Control of an electronic throttle valve based on concepts of sliding-mode control (2008)

This paper deals with the design of controllers for electronic throttle valves, which are used in combustion engines for adjusting the air-fuel-ratio. First a simplified model of the throttle valve is presented. Nonlinear phenomena like stick-slip-friction and gear-backlash are neglected. In order to cope with these uncertainties as well with the modelpsilas discontinuous right hand side, concepts of sliding-mode control are applied. A standard integrating sliding-mode controller is opposed to a higher order concept, namely the super-twisting algorithm. Finally experimental results are presented and discussed.
Nuclear norm regularization with a low-rank constraint for matrix completion (2010)

Motivated from the study of l1-regularization with a sparsity constraint in compressed sensing, we investigate the theoretical properties of nuclear norm regularization with a low-rank constraint for matrix completion in this paper. Two types of regularization methods have been studied for matrix completion: the residual method and the Tikhonov method. We propose and discuss a group of regularization conditions under which the residual method provides regularization. Moreover, we investigate the Tikhonov regularization under some source and restricted injective conditions and derive the stability of the minimizer, as well as its consistency and convergence rates.
Applying a Causal Approach to Drug Education (1973)

A preventive drug education program for grades K-12 has been developed which contains as its core a program of education in human behavior. Findings of the National Commission on Marijuana and Drug Abuse give added impetus to programs which develop understandings and skills necessary for the resolution of a wide range of human behavioral problems.
Direct Electricity from Heat: A Solution to Assist Aircraft Power Demands (2010)

A thermionic device produces an electrical current with the application of a thermal gradient whereby the temperature at one electrode provides enough thermal energy to eject electrons. The system is totally predicated on the thermal gradient and the work function of the electrode collector relative to the emitter electrode. Combined with a standard thermoelectric device high efficiencies may result, capable of providing electrical energy from the waste heat of gas turbine engines.
Methods of electrophoretical application of estrogen to a single neuron of the brain under in vivo and in vitro conditions. (1978)

The techniques of the electrophoretical study of hormone sensitivities of neurons were examined in vivo and in vitro. For the in vivo study, estrogen and other hormones were applied electrophoretically to neurons of the rat brain of both sexes under urethane anesthesia. Some neurons were sensitive to estrogen and their activities were all inhibited. These neurons were distributed in the hypothalamus and the septal nucleus of the limbic system. So the in vivo method affords direct evidence for the presence of estrogen-sensitive neurons in the brain. Then a useful method was found to study the similar effects under the microscopic observation of a single neuron instead of stereotaxic insertion of the microelectrode. By this in vitro method the chemicals and hormones are able to be applied to any point on a single neuron through the micropipette and the medium composition around the neuron can be variously changed at the same time.
Scanner Identification Using Feature-Based Processing and Analysis (2009)

Digital images can be obtained through a variety of sources including digital cameras and scanners. In many cases, the ability to determine the source of a digital image is important. This paper presents methods for authenticating images that have been acquired using flatbed desktop scanners. These methods use scanner fingerprints based on statistics of imaging sensor pattern noise. To capture different types of sensor noise, a denoising filterbank consisting four different denoising filters is used for obtaining the noise patterns. To identify the source scanner, a support vector machine classifier based on these fingerprints is used. These features are shown to achieve high classification accuracy. Furthermore, the selected fingerprints based on statistical properties of the sensor noise are shown to be robust under postprocessing operations, such as JPEG compression, contrast stretching, and sharpening.
Decorated nanotube buckypaper as electrocatalyst for glucose fuel cells (2009)

We present novel metallic/bimetallic (Pt, Au-Pt) nanoparticle-decorated carbon nanotubes and bilirubin oxidase-decorated carbon nanotubes deposited on nano-tube buckypaper as promising supported electro-catalytic systems and as electrode material respectively for mixed-reactant biofuel cell applications at neutral pH. We found that the novel enzyme-decorated carbon nanotubes on nanotube buckypaper material is a promising cathode for glucose biofuel cells. It exhibited a high tolerance and catalytic activity resulting in higher current densities compared to carbon black based electrodes.
Shimming design and optimal selection for non-uniform gaps in wing assembly (2017)

Purpose This paper aims to provide a shimming method based on scanned data and finite element analysis (FEA) for a wing box assembly involving non-uniform gaps. The effort of the present work is to deal with gap compensation problem using hybrid shims composed of solid and liquid forms. Design/methodology/approach First, the assembly gaps of the mating components are calculated based on the scanned surfaces. The local gap region is extracted by the seed point and region growth algorithm from the scattered point cloud. Second, with the constraints of hole margin, gap space and shim specification, the optional shimming schemes are designed by the exhaustive searching method. Finally, the three-dimensional model of the real component is reconstructed based on the reverse engineering techniques, such as section lines and sweeping. Using FEA software ABAQUS, the stress distribution and damage status of the joints under tensile load are obtained for optimal scheme selection. Findings With the scanned mating surfaces, the non-uniform gaps are digitally evaluated with accurate measurement and good visualization. By filling the hybrid shims in the assembly gaps, the joint structures possess similar load capacity but stronger initial stiffness compared to the custom-shimmed structures. Practical implications This method has been tested with the interface data of a wing tip, and the results have shown good efficiency and automation of the shimming process. Originality/value The proposed method can decrease the manufacturing cost of shims, shorten the shimming process cycle and improve the assembly efficiency.
AGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA (1952)

A hitherto unrecognized entity manifested by complete absence of gamma globulin with otherwise normal serum proteins and recurrent pneumococcal sepsis is described in an 8 year old male. The patient appears to be normal in other respects and after extensive study no structural or functional change could be demonstrated in any body system although gamma globulin by electrophoretic analysis of his serum was consistently absent. He was unable to produce antibody for the pneumococcus with the four antigenic substances used; a positive Schick test persisted in spite of numerous attempts to reverse it with diphtheria toxoid. No antibody could be demonstrated following administration of typhoid vaccine in the usual manner and his serum was negative for complement-fixing antibodies of epidemic parotitis after he experienced a typical clinical picture of that disease. Gamma globulin could be demonstrated in his serum after concentrated immune human serum globulin was administered subcutaneously, and its gradual disappearance could be followed by electrophoretic analysis over a period of approximately six weeks. Concurrently, and following the administration of human globulin (3.2 gm. gamma globulin) at monthly intervals, he has been free of pneumococcal sepsis for more than a year, whereas he had experienced clinical sepsis at least 19 times in the previous four years in which eight different types of pneumococci had been recovered from blood culture during 10 different episodes. It is postulated that by some acquired "influence" the patient's antibody mechanism has been altered so that he is no longer able to synthesize and/or hold antibody to a specific organism. A complete defect of plasma proteins cannot be excluded.
IL-4 and IL-13 augment cytokine- and CD40-induced RANTES production by human renal tubular epithelial cells in vitro. (1998)

Local production of cytokines by infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and Th1 and Th2 cells is of importance in renal allograft rejection. Activated Th1 cells can produce interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), whereas Th2 cells produce IL-4 and IL-13, which inhibit Th1 cells. Furthermore, activated T cells express the costimulatory molecule CD40-ligand. During renal allograft rejection, the chemokine RANTES is detected in both infiltrating mononuclear cells and tubular epithelium. It has been shown previously that stimulation of proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) with cytokines or CD40-ligand results in production of RANTES. The present study investigates the influence of Th1 and Th2 cytokines on RANTES production by activated PTEC. RANTES was not detectable in supernatants of human PTEC stimulated with IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, or IL-13 alone. Likewise, combination of these cytokines with IL-1 alpha, IFN-gamma, or TNF-alpha, respectively, did not result in detectable RANTES production. IL-2 and IL-10 had no significant effect on RANTES production by activated PTEC. IL-4 or IL-13 in combination with IL-1 alpha + IFN-gamma or IFN-gamma + TNF-alpha resulted in a two- to fourfold augmentation of RANTES production, ranging from 2.2 +/- 0.2 to 35 +/- 2 ng/ml in different cell lines. CD40-activated PTEC stimulated with IL-4 or IL-13 produced six to ten times more RANTES (ranging from 7.9 +/- 1.9 to 62 +/- 3.5 ng/ml in different cell lines) compared with CD40-activated cells alone. Because RANTES production is augmented by IL-4 and IL-13, this study suggests that during rejection, direct cellular contact between activated Th2 cells and tubular epithelial cells amplifies the local inflammatory reaction in the kidney.
An effective tabu search algorithm for large- scale and real-time vehicle dispatching problems (2005)

A new mathematical model for large-scale and real-time vehicle dispatching problems (LRVDP) is established in this paper. Due to the high complexity of the problems, an effective tabu search algorithm for application to LRVDP is proposed. The new algorithm applies dynamic oscillation and candidate list strategies, which are controlled by the success of the search as the solution progresses, to make best use of infeasible verses feasible space and promising verses the most promising neighbors' moves. The results show that the new algorithm can determine very good solutions in a quite-short computing time, thereby, solve LRVDP effectively.
Reaction of trifluoromethyl ketones with resonance-stabilized alkylidene phosphoranes (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of trifluoromethyl ketones with resonance-stabilized alkylidene phosphoranesDavid L. Dull, Ian Baxter, and Harry S. MosherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1967, 32, 5, 1622–1623Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01280a076https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01280a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Arctic regional methane fluxes by ecotope as derived using eddy covariance from a low-flying aircraft (2017)

Abstract. The Arctic terrestrial and sub-sea permafrost region contains approximately 30 % of the global carbon stock, and therefore understanding Arctic methane emissions and how they might change with a changing climate is important for quantifying the global methane budget and understanding its growth in the atmosphere. Here we present measurements from a new in situ flux observation system designed for use on a small, low-flying aircraft that was deployed over the North Slope of Alaska during August 2013. The system combines a small methane instrument based on integrated cavity output spectroscopy (ICOS) with an air turbulence probe to calculate methane fluxes based on eddy covariance. We group surface fluxes by land class using a map based on LandSat Thematic Mapper (TM) data with 30 m resolution. We find that wet sedge areas dominate the methane fluxes with a mean flux of 2.1 µg m−2 s−1 during the first part of August. Methane emissions from the Sagavanirktok River have the second highest at almost 1 µg m−2 s−1. During the second half of August, after soil temperatures had cooled by 7 °C, methane emissions fell to between 0 and 0.5 µg m−2 s−1 for all areas measured. We compare the aircraft measurements with an eddy covariance flux tower located in a wet sedge area and show that the two measurements agree quantitatively when the footprints of both overlap. However, fluxes from sedge vary at times by a factor of 2 or more even within a few kilometers of the tower demonstrating the importance of making regional measurements to map out methane emissions spatial heterogeneity. Aircraft measurements of surface flux can play an important role in bridging the gap between ground-based measurements and regional measurements from remote sensing instruments and models.
Visualizing the elimination of sharkskin through fluoropolymer additives: Coating and polymer–polymer slippage (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation K. B. Migler, C. Lavallée, M. P. Dillon, S. S. Woods, C. L Gettinger; Visualizing the elimination of sharkskin through fluoropolymer additives: Coating and polymer–polymer slippage. J. Rheol. 1 March 2001; 45 (2): 565–581. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.1349136 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Role of Ca2+ in Insulin-stimulated Glucose Transport in 3T3-L1 Cells (2001)

We have examined the requirement for Ca2+ in the signaling and trafficking pathways involved in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Chelation of intracellular Ca2+, using 1,2-bis (o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid tetra (acetoxy- methyl) ester (BAPTA-AM), resulted in >95% inhibition of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The calmodulin antagonist, W13, inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by 60%. Both BAPTA-AM and W13 inhibited Akt phosphorylation by 70-75%. However, analysis of insulin-dose response curves indicated that this inhibition was not sufficient to explain the effects of BAPTA-AM and W13 on glucose uptake. BAPTA-AM inhibited insulin-stimulated translocation of GLUT4 by 50%, as determined by plasma membrane lawn assay and subcellular fractionation. In contrast, the insulin-stimulated appearance of HA-tagged GLUT4 at the cell surface, as measured by surface binding, was blocked by BAPTA-AM. While the ionophores or ionomycin prevented the inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and GLUT4 translocation by BAPTA-AM, they did not overcome the inhibition of glucose transport. Moreover, glucose uptake of cells pretreated with insulin followed by rapid cooling to 4 degrees C, to promote cell surface expression of GLUT4 and prevent subsequent endocytosis, was inhibited specifically by BAPTA-AM. This indicates that inhibition of glucose uptake by BAPTA-AM is independent of both trafficking and signal transduction. These data indicate that Ca2+ is involved in at least two different steps of the insulin-dependent recruitment of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. One involves the translocation step. The second involves the fusion of GLUT4 vesicles with the plasma membrane. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that Ca2+/calmodulin plays a fundamental role in eukaryotic vesicle docking and fusion. Finally, BAPTA-AM may inhibit the activity of the facilitative transporters by binding directly to the transporter itself.
Weight reduction in schizophrenics by molindone (1977)

The weight-reducing property of molindone, a recently introduced antipsychotic drug, was tested in 9 hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. There was an average weight loss of 7.6 kg after 3 months on molindone; most of the loss occurred during the first month. The mechanism producing this weight loss is uncertain, but a central anorexigenic effect may be an important factor.
Extracellular Fibrinogen-binding Protein, Efb, fromStaphylococcus aureus Blocks Platelet Aggregation Due to Its Binding to the α-Chain (2001)

Extracellular fibrinogen-binding protein (Efb) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus has previously been shown to contribute to pathogenesis in a rat wound infection model. Also antibodies against Efb exhibited a protective effect in a mouse mastitis model. The interaction between Efb and fibrinogen is divalent, with one binding site within the N-terminal repeat region in Efb and one at the C terminus. In this study we show that the distal D domain of fibrinogen contains at least one of the binding domains recognized by Efb. Efb stimulates fibrinogen binding to ADP-activated platelets. Furthermore, Efb inhibits ADP-induced, fibrinogen-dependent platelet aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner. This implies that Efb modifies platelet function by amplifying a non-functional interaction between fibrinogen and platelets. Efb recognizes the A alpha-chain of the D fragment of fibrinogen. The RGD sequence on the A alpha-chain is located close to the region recognized by Efb and contains a putative binding site for the platelet integrin GPIIb/IIIa receptor complex involved in platelet aggregation.
Rule interestingness analysis using OLAP operations (2006)

The problem of interestingness of discovered rules has been investigated by many researchers. The issue is that data mining algorithms often generate too many rules, which make it very hard for the user to find the interesting ones. Over the years many techniques have been proposed. However, few have made it to real-life applications. Since August 2004, we have been working on a major application for Motorola. The objective is to find causes of cellular phone call failures from a large amount of usage log data. Class association rules have been shown to be suitable for this type of diagnostic data mining application. We were also able to put several existing interestingness methods to the test, which revealed some major shortcomings. One of the main problems is that most existing methods treat rules individually. However, we discovered that users seldom regard a single rule to be interesting by itself. A rule is only interesting in the context of some other rules. Furthermore, in many cases, each individual rule may not be interesting, but a group of them together can represent an important piece of knowledge. This led us to discover a deficiency of the current rule mining paradigm. Using non-zero minimum support and non-zero minimum confidence eliminates a large amount of context information, which makes rule analysis difficult. This paper proposes a novel approach to deal with all of these issues, which casts rule analysis as OLAP operations and general impression mining. This approach enables the user to explore the knowledge space to find useful knowledge easily and systematically. It also provides a natural framework for visualization. As an evidence of its effectiveness, our system, called Opportunity Map, based on these ideas has been deployed, and it is in daily use in Motorola for finding actionable knowledge from its engineering and other types of data sets.