gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excited State Luminescence of Multi-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl)benzenes in an Electron-Donating Matrix: Exciplex or Electroplex? (2009)

Multi-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl)benzenes show emission in organic solvents from ultraviolet to blue (339-447 nm). The reduction potentials E(1/2)(red) cover a large range of -2.11 V for 2,5-diphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole to -0.76 V for 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl)benzene. An unexpectedly wide spectral range of the oxadiazole (OXD) exciplex emissions in PVK is observed, ranging from 406 to 603 nm. The OXDs also exhibit similar electroluminescence (EL) when blended into polyvinylcarbazole (PVK). A linear correlation between the lambda(max) of the electroluminescence and photoluminescence is observed, implying that the emission mechanisms in both processes are similar. In addition, the linear correlation between the E(1/2)(red) versus lambda(max) of EL (eV) reflected that the term of the charge-transfer configuration of the contact electron-hole pair plays a major role in the exciplex emission. The exciplex EL of 1,2,5-tri(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl)benzene (5) could be as high as 1.0 cd/A. Since the exciplex emission usually has a large Stokes shift, this provides a window for us to generate duo emissions for near white light EL with high efficiency. Among the devices we tried, the device of PVK/2-tert-butylphenyl-5-biphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole/5/2,5,8,11-tetra-tert-butylperylene (100:40:40:4) gave EL with good current efficiency of 1.63 cd/A.
A 60-GHz 16QAM/8PSK/QPSK/BPSK Direct-Conversion Transceiver for IEEE802.15.3c (2011)

This paper presents a 60-GHz direct-conversion transceiver using 60-GHz quadrature oscillators. The transceiver has been fabricated in a standard 65-nm CMOS process. It in cludes a receiver with a 17.3-dB conversion gain and less than 8.0-dB noise figure, a transmitter with a 18.3-dB conversion gain, a 9.5-dBm output 1 dB compression point, a 10.9-dBm saturation output power and 8.8-% power added efficiency. The 60-GHz frequency synthesizer is implemented by a combination of a 20-GHz PLL and a 60-GHz quadrature injection-locked oscillator, which achieves a phase noise of -95 dBc/Hz@l MHz-offset at 60 GHz. The transceiver realizes IEEE802.15.3c full-rate wireless communication for all 16QAM/8PSK/QPSK/BPSK modes, and the communication distances with the full data rate using 2.16-GHz bandwidth, measured with an antenna built in the package, are 2.7-m (BPSK/QPSK) and 0.2-m (8PSK/16QAM). The measured maximum data rates are 8 Gb/s in QPSK mode and 11 Gb/s in 16QAM mode over a 5 cm wireless link within a bit error rate (BER) of <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . The transceiver consumes 186 mW from a 1.2-V supply voltage while transmitting and 106 mW from 1.0-V supply voltage while receiving. Both transmitter and receiver are driven by a 20-GHz PLL, which consumes 66 mW, including output buffer, from a 1.2-V supply voltage.
Automatic Sublingual Vein Feature Extraction System (2014)

The quintessence of the diagnosis in traditional Chinese medicine is syndrome differentiation and treatment. Syndrome differentiation consists of four methods: observing, hearing as well as smelling, asking, and touching. The examination of the observing is the most important procedure in the method of "tongue." In recent years, numerous medical studies have identified the close relations between sublingual veins and human organs. Therefore, sublingual pathological symptoms, as well as demographical information of patients, imply pathological changes in the organs, and early diagnosis is beneficial for early treatment. However, the diagnosis of sublingual pathological symptoms is usually influenced by the doctor's subjective interpretation, experience, and environmental factors. The results can easily be limited by subjective factors such as knowledge, experience, mentality, diagnostic techniques, color perception and interpretation. Different doctors may make different judgments on the same tongue, presenting less than desirable repeatability. Therefore, assisting doctors' diagnoses with scientific methods and standardizing the differentiating process to obtain reliable diagnoses and enhance the clinical applicability of Chinese medicine is an important issue. In its wake, this study aims to construct an Automatic Sublingual Vein Feature Extraction System based on image processing technologies to allow objective and quantified computer readings. The extraction of sublingual vein features mainly captures the back of the tongue and extract the sublingual vein area for feature expression analysis. Firstly, the patient's back of the tongue is photographed and color-graded to compensate for color distortion, and then the tongue-back area is extracted. This study extracts tongue-back imagery by analyzing the RGB color expression of the back of the tongue, lips, teeth and skin, translating it into the HSI color space easily perceived by the human eye, along with skin area removal, rectangle detection, teeth area removal, black area removal and control point detection. The captured tongue-back image goes through histogram equalization and hue shift to enhance color contrast. Sublingual veins are extracted through analyzing RGB color component shift, hues, saturation and brightness. Then the sublingual vein color information and positioning are used to differentiate hues, lengths and branches. Thinning analysis is used to determine the presence of varicose veins. At the same time, the surrounding features of sublingual veins, such as columnar vein, bubbly vein, petechiae and bloodshot, are extracted. The information regarding features and lingual vein conditions are integrated and analyzed for doctors' clinical reference. This study utilizes 199 lingual images for statistic testing and three lingual diagnostic experts in Chinese medicine for lingual reading. The accuracy for the extractions are: tongue back 86%, sublingual vein 80%, varicose veins 90%, branches 87%, and the accuracy rates for columnar veins and bubbly veins are 87%, 88% and 73% respectively.
Use of an adaptive-bandwidth protocol to measure importance functions for simulated cochlear implant frequency channels (2012)

The Articulation Index and Speech Intelligibility Index predict intelligibility scores from measurements of speech and hearing parameters. One component in the prediction is the frequency-importance function, a weighting function that characterizes contributions of particular spectral regions of speech to speech intelligibility. The purpose of this study was to determine whether such importance functions could similarly characterize contributions of electrode channels in cochlear implant systems. Thirty-eight subjects with normal hearing listened to vowel-consonant-vowel tokens, either as recorded or as output from vocoders that simulated aspects of cochlear implant processing. Importance functions were measured using the method of Whitmal and DeRoy [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 130, 4032-4043 (2011)], in which signal bandwidths were varied adaptively to produce specified token recognition scores in accordance with the transformed up-down rules of Levitt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 467-477 (1971)]. Psychometric functions constructed from recognition scores were subsequently converted into importance functions. Comparisons of the resulting importance functions indicate that vocoder processing causes peak importance regions to shift downward in frequency. This shift is attributed to changes in strategy and capability for detecting voicing in speech, and is consistent with previously measured data.
Immunity to Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1979)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains represent the most frequent etiological agent of travelers diarrhea. Challenge studies with several of these strains were undertaken in volunteers to evaluate the mechanisms of disease-induced immunity. Seventeen students and other community volunteers were given 10(6) or 10(8) organisms of E. coli B7A (O148:H28), which produces heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxins. Ten individuals developed diarrheal illness closely resembling natural travelers diarrhea; of these ten, rises in titer of serum antitoxin and anti-O antibody occurred in eight (80%). Eight of the volunteers who developed diarrhea in the first test agreed to undergo rechallenge 9 weeks later with 10(8) B7A organisms. Only one of these eight "veterans" developed diarrhea versus seven of twelve controls given the same challenge (P = 0.05). Despite clinical protection, all "veterans" excreted B7A after rechallenge. Four controls who developed diarrhea during the homologous B7A rechallenge test were rechallenged 9 weeks later with 10(9) organisms of E. coli strain E2528-C1 (O25:H-), which produces only heat-labile enterotoxin and possesses a different O, H, and pili antigen composition than B7A. Three of four "veterans" and two of six controls developed comparable diarrhea. These studies demonstrate that prior disease due to enterotoxigenic E. coli confers homologous immunity against subsequent challenge, and the operative mechanism apparently is not bactericidal and is not mediated by serum anti-O antibodies. Heterologous protection was not conferred where the only common antigen was heat-labile enterotoxin, indicating that serum infection-derived antitoxin to heat-labile enterotoxin also is not protective.
Fast and Accurate Gaussian Kernel Ridge Regression Using Matrix Decompositions for Preconditioning (2019)

This paper presents a method for building a preconditioner for a kernel ridge regression problem, where the preconditioner is not only effective in its ability to reduce the condition number substantially, but also efficient in its application in terms of computational cost and memory consumption. The suggested approach is based on randomized matrix decomposition methods, combined with the fast multipole method to achieve an algorithm that can process large datasets in complexity linear to the number of data points. In addition, a detailed theoretical analysis is provided, including an upper bound to the condition number. Finally, for Gaussian kernels, the analysis shows that the required rank for a desired condition number can be determined directly from the dataset itself without performing any analysis on the kernel matrix.
Analysis of soft handoff rate in DS-CDMA cellular systems (2002)

An analytical traffic model is presented to estimate the soft handoff rate in DS-CDMA cellular systems. The model is based on the fact that a mobile in soft handoff call is connected to two cell sites when it is in an overlapped region. The handoff rate is estimated by the mobility of mobiles, which is a function of the size and shape of a cell area, the call density and speed of mobiles in the area. Simulation results show good agreement with the analytical model.
SHORT COMMUNICATION: Malignant conversion of human cells by antisense cDNA to a putative tumor suppressor gene (1996)

A cell line, SCC83-01-82, derived from a human oral squamous carcinoma, was non-tumorigenic in nude mice, a characteristic of premalignant cells. Conversion of these cells to a tumorigenic phenotype with chemical mutagens did not increase mutations in hot spots or other conserved regions of p53 or H-ras genes. Investigation of the tumorigenic conversion using an expression library resulted in isolation of a previously unidentified gene, CATR1, located on the long arm of chromosome 7 at band approximately q31-32. Evidence for the involvement of this gene in conversion to tumorigenicity was demonstrated by introduction of a eukaryotic expression CATR1 construct into SCC83-01-82 cells. Transfection with the antisense construct reduced the expression of CATR1 in tumors formed by the transfected cells, suggesting that the antisense suppression of endogenous CATR1 expression appeared to be sufficient for tumorigenic conversion. These results are consistent with previous reports of cytogenetic analyses of tumors, that 7q31-32 contains a gene(s) with tumor suppressor activity; CATR1 is a candidate for this putative suppressor gene.
Multilevel Modulation and Channel Codes for Terrestrial FSO links (2005)

The basic aim of this work is to enhance the performance of the existing terrestrial FSO links by introducing a well-suited modulation and channel coding scheme. Selecting an appropriate modulation and coding scheme for the FSO systems requires thorough knowledge of the behavior of the FSO systems under different conditions and the objectives that need to be achieved out of the modulation mechanism. Since modulation for the FSO systems are primarily targeted at achieving higher average optical power, so that the penetration of the light waves through the adverse weather conditions can be increased. Thus, the power efficiency of the scheme remains the deciding criteria in the selection of the modulation format. The choice of the modulation and coding format has to be based on measurements and simulation of the performance of FSO systems under nonfavourable atmospheric conditions. An effort is also being made to simulate the atmospheric free space optical channel to get more insight into the problem
Evaluation of H.E.L.P. Mate 2000 for the Identification and Quantification of Petroleum Hydrocarbon Products (2000)

The H.E.L.P. Mate 2000 (HM 2000) is a spectrophotometric instrument developed for use with the Hanby Test Kits to rapidly assess of total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination (TPH) in environmental matrices on site. This spectrophotometer is designed to remove the subjectivity associated with the present visual method of analysis, and to eliminate the requirement for prior knowledge of the type of petroleum hydrocarbon contamination present at a given site. Both the HM 2000 and the current visual method of analysis measure the color that is produced by the Friedel-Crafts reaction with the aromatic hydrocarbons present in petroleum-based fuels, oils, and solvents. Laboratory and field studies were used to evaluate the HM 2000. Different results were obtained, depending on the type of sample matrix. In general, the HM 2000 was more accurate and precise for soil samples than for water samples. However, in comparison to the visual method, the HM 2000 was neither as accurate nor did it offer any qualitative advantages.
Time-to-collision from first-order models of the motion field (1994)

Time-to-collision provides vital information for obstacle avoidance and for the visual navigation of a robot. The original contribution of this paper is to demonstrate with sequences of real images that time-to-collision can be robustly and accurately recovered with a single calibrated camera, using first order models of the motion field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification and isolation of a mammalian protein which is antigenically and functionally related to the phospholipase A2 stimulatory peptide melittin. (1987)

Antibodies prepared against the phospholipase A2 stimulatory peptide melittin were used to identify and isolate a novel mammalian protein with similar functional and antigenic properties. The mammalian protein of Mr 28,000 was isolated from cell sonicates by high performance immunoaffinity chromatography and size exclusion chromatography. This stimulatory protein was stable for several months when frozen at -70 degrees C. The purified protein selectively stimulated phospholipase A2 when phosphatidylcholine was used as a substrate but had no effect on phospholipase A2 activity when phosphatidylethanolamine was used as a substrate. Furthermore, this protein had no effect on phospholipase C activity or on pancreatic or snake venom phospholipase A2. The stimulatory activity was unaffected by RNase or DNase treatment. However, boiling or trypsin digestion inactivated the phospholipase stimulatory activity. The mechanism of phospholipase A2 stimulation appeared to result from an increase in the apparent Vmax of the enzyme.
Natural infection of the sand fly Phlebotomus kazeruni by Trypanosoma species in Pakistan (2010)

The natural infection of phlebotomine sand flies by Leishmania parasites was surveyed in a desert area of Pakistan where cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic. Out of 220 female sand flies dissected, one sand fly, Phlebotomus kazeruni, was positive for flagellates in the hindgut. Analyses of cytochrome b (cyt b), glycosomal glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (gGAPDH) and small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences identified the parasite as a Trypanosoma species of probably a reptile or amphibian. This is the first report of phlebotomine sand flies naturally infected with a Trypanosoma species in Pakistan. The possible infection of sand flies with Trypanosoma species should be taken into consideration in epidemiological studies of vector species in areas where leishmaniasis is endemic.
Well-Defined, Air-Stable (NHC)Pd(Allyl)Cl (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Catalysts for the Arylation of Ketones (2002)

A number of palladium-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes were found to be active catalysts for the arylation of ketones. A large number of substrates, both aryl halides and ketones, are compatible with the reaction conditions. The ketone arylation reactions are achieved with low catalyst loading in short reaction times using aryl chlorides and triflates as reactive partners. [reaction: see text]
Sequential degradation of peptides from their carboxyl termini with ammonium thiocyanate and acetic anhydride (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequential degradation of peptides from their carboxyl termini with ammonium thiocyanate and acetic anhydrideGeorge R. StarkCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 5, 1796–1807Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00845a026https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00845a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views230Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Operative Gynecologic Laparoscopy: Principles and Techniques (1995)

This book will be of interest to a broad segment of gynecologic surgeons. The beginning laparoscopist will find the chapter on basic techniques useful, and the experienced laparoscopist will be interested in the chapters on new techniques pioneered by Dr. Nezhat and his coauthors. The first part of the book discusses patient education and informed consent, topics usually found in the back of surgical texts. This position rightfully underscores the importance of communication between surgeon and patient. It also speaks of the litigious environment in which we surgeons find ourselves today. A commendable feature of the publication is the line drawings that illustrate the text. The artist's work is effectively and abundantly used and contributes significantly to the reader's understanding. The text is concise and thorough, with good references for additional reading. The cover is eye-catching red with gold letters on a black background. The layout is also attractive throughout with a good use of white space. A departure from the typography tradition of textbooks is this book's use of type fonts. The front matter appears in one font, and the chapter text is in another. The book is comprehensive, with 21 chapters. The authorship of each chapter is not given, but some contributors' work can be recognized if one knows their prior publications. The topics include all of the current major applications of laparoscopy and several in the development stage. The chapter on equipment includes a broad array of insmmaentation. As I would expect from these authors, it also contains an excellent discussion of video in laparoscopy. The use of electronic images in laparoscopy, which the authors have championed, has rapidly moved from academic to essential in today's visual era. Laser, another modem tool, is discussed together with electrosurgery energy. The main section of the book is devoted to specific laparoscopic procedures. Adhesiolysis, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, ovarian cysts, tubal and uterine surgery, appendectomy, presacral neurectomy, uterosacral nerve transection, pelvic reconstruction, and oncology are effectively discussed. These chapters describe the authors' operative techniques and outcomes, and review other clinical series. Preoperative and postoperative evaluations and laboratory tests are included. The closing chapters review complications, their prevention, and management. The book also has a question-and-answer section, the format of which is usually seen in periodicals. Its paragraph indention style I found distracting. However, it provides helpful information. An unnumbered six-page color atlas appears at the end of the book. My overall opinion of this addition to printed laparoscopy resources is that it is very valuable. It belongs in our libraries. The Doctors Nezhat and coauthors are to be commended.
Effective heat dissipation in an adiabatic near-field transducer for HAMR (2018)

To achieve a feasible heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) system, a near-field transducer (NFT) is necessary to strongly focus the optical field to a lateral region measuring tens of nanometres in size. An NFT must deliver sufficient power to the recording medium as well as maintain its structural integrity. The self-heating problem in the NFT causes materials failure that leads to the degradation of the hard disk drive performance. The literature reports NFT structures with physical sizes well below 1 micron which were found to be thermo-mechanically unstable at an elevated temperature. In this paper, we demonstrate an adiabatic NFT to address the central challenge of thermal engineering for a HAMR system. The NFT is formed by an isosceles triangular gold taper plasmonic waveguide with a length of 6 µm and a height of 50 nm. Our study shows that in the full optically and thermally optimized system, the NFT efficiently extracts the incident light from the waveguide core and can improve the shape of the heating source profile for data recording. The most important insight of the thermal performance is that the recording medium can be heated up to 866 K with an input power of 8.5 mW which is above the Curie temperature of the FePt film while maintaining the temperature in the NFT at 390 K without a heat spreader. A very good thermal efficiency of 5.91 is achieved also. The proposed structure is easily fabricated and can potentially reduce the NFT deformation at a high recording temperature making it suitable for practical HAMR application.