gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatty Acid Composition of California Grown Almonds (2008)

Eight almond (Prunus dulcis L.) cultivars from 12 different California counties, collected during crop years 2004 to 2005 and 2005 to 2006, were extracted with petroleum ether. The extracts were subjected to GC-MS analyses to determine fatty acid composition of soluble lipids. Results indicated palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), linoleic (C18:2), and alpha-linolenic (C18:3) acid, respectively, accounted for 5.07% to 6.78%, 57.54% to 73.94%, 19.32% to 35.18%, and 0.04% to 0.10%; of the total lipids. Oleic and linoleic acid were inversely correlated (r=-0.99, P= 0.05) and together accounted for 91.16% to 94.29% of the total soluble lipids. Statistically, fatty acid composition was significantly affected by cultivar and county.
Understanding Plasmons in Nanoscale Voids (2007)

Metallic nanoscale voids (“anti-nanoparticles”) are shown to possess radically different plasmon modes to metal nanoparticles. Comparing new boundary element calculations for the first time with experiment clearly and intuitively identifies plasmon wavefunctions in spherical voids according to their atomic-like symmetries. As the spherical voids are progressively truncated, the degenerate radial modes split in energy, with intense coupling to incident light at specific optimal angles. In contrast to nanoparticles, voids embedded in metal films possess additional rim plasmon modes that selectively couple with void plasmons to produce bonding and antibonding hybridized states with significant field enhancements. These modes, which are verified in experiment, are crucial for the effective use of plasmons in antenna applications such as reproducible surface enhanced Raman scattering.
Global analysis of nutrient control of gene expression in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>during growth and starvation (2004)

Global gene expression in yeast was examined in five different nutrient-limited steady states and in their corresponding starvation-induced stationary phases. The use of chemostats, with their ability to generate defined and reproducible physiological conditions, permitted the exclusion of the confounding variables that frequently complicate transcriptome analyses. This approach allowed us to dissect out effects on gene expression that are specific to particular physiological states. Thus, we discovered that a large number of ORFs involved in protein synthesis were activated under ammonium limitation, whereas the expression of ORFs concerned with energy and metabolism was enhanced by carbon limitation. Elevated transcription of genes in high-affinity glucose uptake, the trichloroacetic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation were observed in glucose-limiting, but not glucose-abundant, conditions. In contrast, genes involved in gluconeogenesis and, interestingly, genes subject to nitrogen catabolite repression increased their transcription when ethanol was the carbon source, even though ammonium was in excess. This result suggests that up-regulation of genes sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression may contribute anapleurotic intermediates in ethanol-grown cells. The different starvation conditions produced two general types of transcription profiles, with carbon-starved cells transcribing far fewer genes than cells starved for any of the other macronutrients. Nonetheless, each starvation condition induced its own peculiar set of genes, and only 17 genes were induced >5-fold by all five starvations. In all cases, analysis of the upstream sequences of clusters of coregulated genes identified motifs that may be recognized by transcription factors specific for controlling gene expression in each of the physiological conditions examined.
The Present and Future of Vagus Nerve Stimulation (2019)

Epilepsy is one of the major chronic neurological diseases affecting many patients. Resection surgery is the most effective therapy for medically intractable epilepsy, but it is not feasible in all patients. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an adjunctive neuromodulation therapy that was approved in 1997 for the alleviation of seizures; however, efforts to control epilepsy by stimulating the vagus nerve have been studied for over 100 years. Although its exact mechanism is still under investigation, VNS is thought to affect various brain areas. Hence, VNS has a wide indication for various intractable epileptic syndromes and epilepsyrelated comorbidities. Moreover, recent studies have shown anti-inflammatory effects of VNS, and the indication is expanding beyond epilepsy to rheumatoid arthritis, chronic headaches, and depression. VNS yields a more than 50% reduction in seizures in approximately 60% of recipients, with an increase in reduction rates as the follow-up duration increases. The complication rate of VNS is 3-6%, and infection is the most important complication to consider. However, revision surgery was reported to be feasible and safe with appropriate measures. Recently, noninvasive VNS (nVNS) has been introduced, which can be performed transcutaneously without implantation surgery. Although more clinical trials are being conducted, nVNS can reduce the risk of infection and subsequent device failure. In conclusion, VNS has been demonstrated to be beneficial and effective in the treatment of epilepsy and various diseases, and more development is expected in the future.
Epitaxial Lateral Overgrowth of GaN on Si (111) Substrates Using High‐Dose, N<sup>+</sup> Ion Implantation (2010)

Abstract An epitaxial, laterally‐overgrown (ELOG) GaN layer is deposited on a Si(111) substrate using high‐dose, N + ion implantation. ELOG GaN is deposited on a Si(111) wafer with implantation stripes by metal‐organic (MO) CVD. The GaN layer on the N + ion‐implanted region is polycrystalline and acts as a mask for the ELOG process. This is attributed to the growth rate of the polycrystalline GaN being much slower than that of epitaxial GaN. After 120 min, complete coalescence is achieved with a flat surface. Scanning cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy and high resolution X‐ray diffraction (HRXRD) confirm the high optical and crystalline quality of the ELOG GaN layer.
Chemical investigation of the leaves of <i>Moringa stenopetala</i> (2000)

 (Received April 17, 2000; revised May 23, 2000) The ethanol extract of the leaves of Moringa stenopetala led to the isolation of three glycosides. The compounds were identified as rutin, 4-(4'-O-acetyl--L-rhamnosyloxy)- benzylisothiocyanate and 4-(4'-O-acetyl--L-rhamnosyloxy)-benzaldehyde. The last two compounds are reported for the first time from M. stenopetala. Structure determination was accomplished by means of spectroscopic and chemical studies.Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2000, 14(1), 51-56Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia. ISSN: 1011-3924
Synthesis of tunnel manganese oxides from layered manganese oxide by hydrothermal soft chemical process with Rb<sup>+</sup>as template (2001)

Abstract A soft chemical process was used for the synthesis of tunnel manganese oxides with Rb+ as a template. A birnessite-type sodium manganese oxide with a layered structure was used as the precursor, and Rb+ templates were inserted into the interlayer space of the layered structure by an ionexchange reaction. The Rb+-exchanged birnessite-type manganese oxide was treated under hydrothermal conditions to transform the layered structure to a tunnel structure. Two kinds of tunnel manganese oxides can be obtained by the hydrothemally treatment above 200°C.
New Reactions of -Halocarbanions: Simple Synthesis of Substituted Tetrahydrofurans (2002)

The treatment of 4-chlorobutyronitrile, 3-chloropropyl phenyl sulfone, and other related compounds with a base afforded gamma-halocarbanions that undergo fast intramolecular substitution of the halogen to produce substituted cyclopropanes. We found that these short-lived carbanionic intermediates can be trapped with active external electrophilic partners, such as aldehydes, to give the aldol anions. These anions then undergo rapid intramolecular substitution of chloride to produce 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydrofurans. Under the right conditions, yields of tetrahydrofurans are excellent. Similar reactions with ketones gives 2,2,3-trisubstituted furans, but this process is usually less efficient. Ratios between the rates of intramolecular and intermolecular processes were qualitatively estimated by competitive experiments. It was shown that gamma-halo and gamma-trimethylammonium substituents substantially increase the kinetic CH acidity of alkane nitriles and sulfones.
Thermally-induced optical modulation in a vanadium dioxide-on-silicon waveguide (2019)

In this paper, we report phase-pure vanadium dioxide (VO 2 ) deposition on silicon-on-insulator and demonstrate switching/modulation exploiting the phase-change property. We present electrical and optical properties of VO 2 during phase transition. Exploiting the phase change property, optical modulation is achieved by thermally tuning the VO 2 phase using a lateral micro-heater beside the waveguide. We achieve an optical modulation extinction of 25 dB and a low insertion loss of 1.4 dB using a ring resonator with a VO 2 patch. We also demonstrate the switching performance of a symmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometer and present a detailed discussion on the optimal operating point to achieve maximum modulation, higher speed, and lower insertion loss.
An Efficient Single-Sourced Asymmetrical Cascaded Multilevel Inverter With Reduced Leakage Current Suitable for Single-Stage PV Systems (2018)

An isolated single sourced multi-output dc/dc converter with a high-frequency link was proposed before to feed different cells of the Asymmetrical Cascaded H-bridge (ACHB) inverter. One of the fundamental advantages of the ACHB is that the main H-bridge is commutated with fundamental frequency, passing the majority of the inverter power. However, the isolated dc/dc converter needs to be connected to the main voltage source with high-voltage/high-frequency switches, which limits the power capability and the efficiency of the converter. In this paper, a switching pattern based on nearest level modulation method is proposed to command all the power to be transferred through the main H-bridge. Therefore, the power circulates between the auxiliary H-bridges with no need for high-voltage switches. As a result, a single-input single-output auxiliary converter is needed with only 5% of the power rating. This solution reduces cost and size while it improves the efficiency of the converter. Furthermore, the architecture makes the inverter more suitable for high power and high-voltage applications. The inverter switching strategy is based on programmable firing angles. The main dc-link of the grid connected inverter is controlled to achieve maximum power point tracking, while the dc/dc isolated converter is controlled to regulate the auxiliary dc-links. The proposed topology is verified by simulation and experimental results using a 1.5 kW hardware prototype.
Nano-resolution technology demonstrates promise for improved local tsunami warnings on the MARS project (2012)

Recent advances in deep-ocean tsunami measurement technology coupled with tsunami forecast models have reliably demonstrated that tsunami impact can be predicted before the tsunami reaches the affected coastlines. These forecast models are based on observations that are typically 1000 km or more from the earthquake epicenter. The major challenge today is to forecast tsunamis in the near field where the tsunami wave is often overwhelmed by the seismic event. Nano-resolution pressure sensors have the necessary resolution to distinguish between tsunami and seismic signals and ocean noise in the near field. This study describes the results of a 17 month experiment that was initiated on June 30, 2010, at the Monterey Accelerated Research System (MARS) cabled observatory in Monterey Bay, California. The experiment compared a conventional pressure sensor and a nano-resolution pressure sensor at a depth of approximately 900 m. The results presented include examples of near- and far-field earthquakes and micro-tsunamis that were detected by the nano-resolution pressure sensor. Through wavelet analysis several micro-tsunamis were identified. The paper also describes additional testing planned by NOAA on the nano-resolution pressure sensors for potential application to the NOAA DART System.
High-speed aqueous-developing negative resist based on triflic-acid-catalyzed epoxy polymerization (1992)

The need for higher resolution is a continuing driving force in the development of new lithographic materials. In this paper we discuss a new high speed, high resolution negative photoresist based on acid catalyzed epoxy polymerization. These materials are copolymers of two monomers that each provide a separate function in the photoresist. This combination provides a unique new material with aqueous processability in metal ion-free developers and high sensitivity to photogenerated triflic acid. Imaging characteristics in electron beam and i- line exposure systems are discussed.
Development and fixed-point implementation of a multiband dynamic range compression (MDRC) algorithm (2002)

This paper describes the development and real-time, fixed-point implementation of a Multiband Dynamic Range Compression (MDRC) algorithm on a 16 bit fixed-point platform-Texas Instrument's TMS320C54X. This algorithm has been designed primarily for use in hearing aid applications. It has been implemented on a prototype evaluation system that operates by default in a stereo mode with a minimum sampling rate of 20 KHz per channel. The paper also describes a new algorithm development software environment developed at Texas Instruments to facilitate the task of implementing complex Digital Signal Processing (DSP) algorithms on its DSP chips. This tool is known as eXpress DSP Algorithm Standard (XDAIS). Developing an algorithm that is XDAIS compliant facilitates the easy integration of the algorithm into a system. It also simplifies porting the algorithm to other applications or systems. For example, the XDAIS compliant MDRC algorithm, designed originally for hearing aid applications, could easily be ported for other audio or sensor data processing applications.
Printing techniques in organic based optoelectronics (2002)

Summary form only given. Some of the recent and exciting findings in the area of organic optoelectronics are the development of: (a) nano-thick, low voltage light-emitting devices that promise to introduce novel flat panel displays, and (b) low cost efficient organic solar cells. Printing methods lend themselves to high throughput roll-to-roll production of such devices. Techniques such as screen-printing and ink-jet printing have, recently, proven successful in the fabrication of organic light emitting devices and organic based solar cells. We will discuss the use of these techniques in printing ultra-thin organic layers with extremely smooth surfaces, as well as mask-less patterning and modification of electrode conductivity.
Behaviors and Performance Evaluation of a Lightweight Piezo-Composite Curved Actuator (2001)

The present study investigates the behavior and performance of the recently proposed LIPCA actuator. As such, a reliable finite element program that can predict the behavior of piezoelectric structures is developed based on fully-coupled formulations for piezo electric materials and three-dimensional eight-node incompatible elements. After verifying the proposed code, the actuation displacements of a LIPCA actuator are calculated and compared with experimental results, which were foundto be in goodagreement. Finally, a method for modeling the screw-fixed end condition used in the experimental apparatus is investigated along with effects of the curvature on the actuation displacement and fundamental frequency.
Nitrite reduction mediated by the complex Ru<sup>III</sup>(EDTA) (2014)

Reported is the first example of a ruthenium(III)-complex, Ru(III)(EDTA) (EDTA(4-) = ethylenediaminetetraacetate), that mediates O-atom transfer from nitrite to the biological thiols cysteine and glutathione, leading to the formation of [Ru(III)(EDTA)(NO(+))](0). However, at pH below 5.0, the coordinated nitrite ion in the [Ru(III)(EDTA)(NO2)](2-) complex undergoes proton-assisted decomposition, resulting in the formation of a [Ru(III)(EDTA)(NO(+))](0) species.
Cavitating and Structured Jets for Mechanical Bits to Increase Drilling Rate—Part I: Theory and Concepts (1984)

The erosion and cleaning effect of jets is enhanced when the degree of cavitation on or near the bottom of the hole is increased. Analyses indicate that self-excited, acoustically resonating nozzles, causing jets to be structured with large discrete vortex rings, should promote cavitation to depths several times greater than for conventional jets. The new nozzle designs are shown to be suitable for existing mechanical drill bits and may even effect hole cleaning in the absence of cavitation.
Failure to Detect Common Antigenic Hemagglutinating Components in Avian Adenoviruses (1978)

Abla M. El Mishad, Kenneth J. McCormick, Vance J. Yates, John J. Trentin, Failure to Detect Common Antigenic Hemagglutinating Components in Avian Adenoviruses, Avian Diseases, Vol. 22, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1978), pp. 5-9
Use of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in Spinal Fusion Surgery for Older Adults With Lumbar Stenosis (2011)

In this older population having fusion surgery for lumbar stenosis, uptake of BMP was rapid, and greatest among patients with prior surgery or having complex fusion procedures. BMP appeared safe in the perioperative period, with no increase in major medical complications. Use of BMP was associated with greater hospital charges but fewer nursing home discharges, and was not associated with reduced likelihood of reoperation.
Giant Plasmon Resonance Shift Using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Electrochemical Switching (2010)

Herein, we report the variation of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of gold nanoparticle (NP) arrays covered by poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) as a function of the electronic state of the polymer. Giant shifts and fine-tuning of the LSPR of gold NPs surrounded by PEDOT/sodium docecyl sulfate have been achieved. The color variations of plasmonic/conducting polymer (CP) devices are given not only by changes of the optical properties of the CP upon doping but also by a close synergy of the optical properties of CP and NP. Such systems can considerably extend the field of CP-based electrochromic devices.
Space & compute requirements of PPM* for migration within the secondary storage (2004)

PPM algorithm is used in this work to dynamically migrate and reorganize data in a three-tiered secondary storage hierarchy implemented using software RAID. The three levels implemented in the prototype named temperature sensitive storage (TSS) are RAID 10, RAID 5 and compressed RAID 5 levels. Our earlier study confirmed the usefulness of this algorithm in reducing performance degradation with compressed RAID 5 levels being 20% or more of the working-set size. The usefulness of PPM for such an application is gauged not only by using performance metrics such as throughput, residual compressed RAID 5 migrations, hit and miss ratios at different migration boundaries, but also by its space and compute requirements. Results using two file-system traces Sitar and Harp show that the worst case storage requirements of the PPM has been well below 10 MB and CPU usage has been moderate. The total migrations generated for 400000 accesses has been less than 3% of the total accesses seen by the TSS device driver.
Characterization of rate-controlling steps in vivo by use of an adjustable expression vector. (1985)

Citrate synthase (EC 4.1.3.7) was varied from 10% to 5000% the level found in wild-type Escherichia coli by means of recombinant DNA techniques. When acetate was the sole carbon source, cell growth and carbon flow through the Krebs cycle were greatly affected by the under-production of citrate synthase. In contrast, when glucose was the main nutrient, the same underproduction of citrate synthase had little effect on either growth or carbon flux. When the enzyme was overproduced 50-fold, cultures would grow on glucose but cell division could be abruptly stopped by adding acetate to the medium. These results indicate that the regulatory properties of citrate synthase are highly dependent on the carbon-source composition of the medium. Furthermore, recombinant DNA technology can be used to alter rate-controlling steps in biological pathways and elucidate the regulatory properties of metabolic systems.
How fast the laplace equation was solved in 1995 (1997)

On the occasion of the third centenary of the appointment of Johann Bernoulli at the University of Groningen, a number of linear systems solvers for some Laplace-like equations have been compared during a one-day workshop. CPU times of several advanced solvers measured on the same computer (an HP-755 workstation) are presented, which makes it possible to draw clear conclusions about the performance of these solvers.
Using predicated execution to improve the performance of a dynamically scheduled machine with speculative execution (1995)

Conditional branches incur a severe performance penalty in wide-issue, deeply pipelined processors. Speculative execution(1, 2) and predicated execution(3–9) are two mechanisms that have been proposed for reducing this penalty. Speculative execution can completely eliminate the penalty associated with a particular branch, but requires accurate branch prediction to be effective. Predicated execution does not require accurate branch prediction to eliminate the branch penalty, but is not applicable to all branches and can increase the latencies within the program. This paper examines the performance benefit of using both mechanisms to reduce the branch execution penalty. Predicated execution is used to handle the hard-to-predict branches and speculative execution is used to handle the remaining branches. The hard-to-predict branches within the program are determined by profiling. We show that this approach can significantly reduce the branch execution penalty suffered by wide-issue processors.
“Prokinetic” Treatment of Constipation-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome (1991)

The effects of prokinetic treatment with cisapride in patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) were evaluated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Sixty-nine IBS patients were assigned to a 12-week treatment with either 5 mg cisapride or placebo t.i.d.; this dosage could be changed if necessary. The mean weekly number of days on which a stool was passed in the cisapride and placebo group increased to 5.3 and 4.4 (p less than 0.05) during weeks 8-12 of treatment, and the number of days with stools of normal consistency increased to 3.5 and 1.9 (p less than 0.05), respectively. At week 12, the reduction in severity and frequency scores for abdominal pain was significantly greater (p less than or equal to 0.05) in the cisapride group (60 and 61%) than in the placebo group (40 and 32%), as it was for abdominal distension (p less than 0.05). Cisapride tended to be better than placebo in diminishing flatulence. In 71% versus 39% of the patients the overall rating for the response to treatment was good or excellent at week 12. Cisapride was well tolerated. These results suggest that the drug will be useful for the management of constipation-predominant IBS.