gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Melding Civil Rights and Environmentalism: Finding Environmental Justice's Place in Environmental Regulation (2002)

As one of the defining issues in environmental regulation over the past decade, the environmental justice movement has sought to bring civil rights and broader social justice issues to the forefront of environmental protection. The movement's challenge to traditional environmental regulation has distinguished itself because it has come from another group of political liberals rather than conservatives. Its goals remain largely unrealized, however, even though concerns about race and distributional equity in environmental protection are unlikely to go away. As explanations for this lack of success, scholars have pointed to specific legal doctrines as well as larger issues of lack of political power. Unfortunately, such accounts ignore the genuine concern and sincere efforts of many environmentalists and regulators in regard to these issues and the structural obstacles impeding attempts to change the environmental regulatory system. This essay seeks to provide a better understanding of these difficulties by examining the paradigms that civil rights law and environmental law have been based upon. A close analysis of Brown v. Board of Education, the foundational model for modern civil rights law, and the conceptions of environmental degradation put forth by Garrett Hardin's Tragedy of the Commons and Rachel Carson's Silent Spring illustrates the contrasting structures, methodologies, and value premises of civil rights and environmental law. They provide important insights into the debate about the environmental justice movement and the difficulties that environmental regulators have encountered in addressing distributional equity and fairness concerns much more broadly. Efforts by environmental regulators to address the concerns of the environmental justice movement are unlikely to succeed without measures addressing these deeper-lying tensions.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and NMR Spectroscopic Properties of Phosphoranes with the 1,3,2‐Dioxa‐4,5‐naphthophosphole Ring System. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A task scheduling scheme for real-time multi-robotics systems (2002)

In hard real-time systems, the importance of meeting a task execution deadline is a central issue for correctness and reliability of such systems. The focus of this research is to design and implement a real-time system which utilizes a set of mobile robots that are performing individual and common critical tasks. Specifically, a scheduling scheme consists of local and global schedulers is developed to schedule critical tasks using a transputer-based machine. To guarantee execution of critical tasks within the requested time frame, each task is provided with a Safety Time Factor (STF) based on its worst-case computation time. This STF can be added to the execution time of a newly arrived task if its deadline and the status of scheduled tasks allow. The local scheduler takes the advantages of accumulated safety times and provides alternatives for scheduling sporadic critical tasks. The performance of the model is evaluated in terms of the number of critical tasks that are guaranteed and executed by local processors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spin-dependent tunneling junctions with superparamagnetic sensing layers (2003)

Spin-dependent tunneling (SDT) junctions with superparamagnetic (SPM) sensing layers have been made using sputtering deposition and photolithography fabrication techniques. The SPM-SDT junctions have zero hysteresis with reasonable sensitivity, and the output signal is bipolar relative to the external magnetic field without using any biasing-an inherent advantage in using a unidirectional pinned layer and an in-plane-isotropic SPM free layer in the SDT structure. This novel SPM-SDT junction is the first of its kind ever reported and offers great potential for commercial applications. The SPM-SDT devices are especially suitable for low-power and low-field applications such as solid-state compassing, magnetic medium detection, nondestructive evaluation, biomedical sensing, and mobile electronics device applications.
Building Intercommunity Cooperation (1990)

The long-term viability of many rural communities depends on the adoption of innovative institutional arrangements. This paper focuses specifically on the development of multicommunity clusters as an institutional innovation whereby neighboring communities cooperate–rather than compete–with each other. Principles for promoting the growth of cooperation are integrated into the curriculum of a multicommunity leadership program. A combination action-learning/action-research framework is recommended so that community developers can implement multicommunity programs while simultaneously contributing to the knowledge base needed to guide such programs.
Anomalous photovoltage in BaTiO<sub>3</sub> (1976)

Abstract In ferroelectric melt-grown BaTiO3 single crystals steady-state short-circuit photocurrents have been observed parallel to the c-axis. At room temperature light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the c-axis produces short-circuit photocurrents with opposite sign. Along with the temperature dependence a physical model of this effect is outlined.
Prognostic implications of NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations in adult acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (2009)

NOTCH1 and FBXW7 mutations were not predictive of outcome in the overall cohort of adult patients with T-lymphoblastic leukemia, but there was a trend towards a favorable prognostic impact of NOTCH1-FBXW7 mutations in the small subgroup of patients with low-risk ERG/BAALC expression status. Our findings further confirm the high frequency of NOTCH1 mutations in adult T-lymphoblastic leukemia.
A phase III trial of nivolumab with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant endocrine therapy in ER+/HER2- primary breast cancer: CheckMate 7FL. (2020)

TPS604 Background: Patients (pts) diagnosed with primary estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor 2-negative (HER2−) breast cancer (BC) of high grade and/or low ER expression are at increased risk of relapse, despite current standard of care (SoC). Promising data assessing programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibition coupled with neoadjuvant chemotherapy for pts with high-risk ER+, HER2− BC noted improved pathologic complete response (pCR), which is identified as a valid surrogate endpoint for long-term clinical outcomes. Methods: CheckMate 7FL (NCT04109066) is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter, global phase 3 study evaluating nivolumab (NIVO) vs placebo (PBO) in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) in pts with high-risk, ER+, HER2− primary BC. Eligible pts are male or female, aged ≥18 years with newly diagnosed grade 2 with ER expression of 1–9%, or grade 3, T1c-2, cN1-2 (tumor size ≥2 cm) or T3-T4, cN0-cN2 ER+, HER2− BC. Pts eligible for neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery, with adequate organ function, ECOG PS of 0 or 1, and tissue available for biomarker assessments will be enrolled. Approximately 1200 pts will be randomized 1:1 to NIVO or PBO, stratified by programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, tumor grade (2 or 3), axillary nodal status (+ or −), and anthracycline + cyclophosphamide schedule (Q3W or Q2W). In the neoadjuvant phase, pts will receive NIVO 360 mg Q3W or PBO + paclitaxel 80 mg/m 2 QW for four 3-week cycles, followed by NIVO 360 mg Q3W (or 240 mg Q2W) or matching PBO in combination with either doxorubicin 60 mg/m 2 or epirubicin 90 mg/m 2 and cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 Q3W or Q2W for 4 cycles. Pts will undergo surgery after completion of the neoadjuvant phase. Following surgery, pts will enter the adjuvant phase and receive NIVO 480 mg Q4W or PBO for 7 cycles + investigator’s choice of ET per local SoC. Primary endpoints are pCR (ypT0/is, ypN0) and event-free survival. Secondary endpoints include overall survival, disease-free survival, distant-metastasis-free survival, safety, pCR (ypT0 ypN0 and ypT0/is) rates, overall response rates, residual cancer burden, and quality of life. Interim analyses are planned. The study is currently enrolling. Clinical trial information: NCT04109066 .
High-Order Sequence Modeling for Language Learner Error Detection (2011)

We address the problem of detecting English language learner errors by using a discriminative high-order sequence model. Unlike most work in error-detection, this method is agnostic as to specific error types, thus potentially allowing for higher recall across different error types. The approach integrates features from many sources into the error-detection model, ranging from language model-based features to linguistic analysis features. Evaluation results on a large annotated corpus of learner writing indicate the feasibility of our approach on a realistic, noisy and inherently skewed set of data. High-order models consistently outperform low-order models in our experiments. Error analysis on the output shows that the calculation of precision on the test set represents a lower bound on the real system performance. 1.
Alendronate PLGA microspheres with high loading efficiency for dental applications (2007)

Biocompatible, biodegradable PLGA microspheres incorporating alendronate sodium with high loading efficiency obtained in this study may offer promise as a delivery system for bisphosphonates in dental and probably other clinical applications.
Noncoherent-object hologram: its reconstruction and optical processing (1987)

Encoding a complex-amplitude diffraction pattern on a photographic film by addirtg a suitably chosen coherent reference beam forms a conventional hologram. A hologram of a spatially noncoherent object, referred to as a Γ hologram in this paper, is formed by encoding the complex-valued spatial-coherence function on a square-law detector such as photographic film. This record is made possible by means of a self-refetencing interferometer. Such a record behaves much as a hologram does; it permits reconstruction of the original object by illuminating it with a spatially noncoherent planar source of uniform (constant) intensity. If a conventional coherent-light setup is used with a Γ hologram, the intensity distribution of the reconstruction equals the square of the intensity of the original object. In the research reported in this paper, optical processing of spatially noncoherent objects is accomplished by using and modifying the spatial-coherence function. The Γ hologram is used to gain access to this function. This procedure opens new possibilities of noncoherent-object information processing. Examples of matched filtering, low-pass filtering, and high-pass filtering are discussed. The underlying theory has its roots in the fundamental Van Cittert–Zernike theorem of the theory of partial coherence.
An Efficient Secure Deletion Scheme for Flash File Systems (2010)

Secure deletion for flash file systems is essential for enhancing the security of embedded systems. Due to the characteristics of flash memory, existing secure deletion schemes cannot be directly adapted to flash file systems. In this paper, we propose an efficient secure deletion scheme for flash file systems. It encrypts a file's data and stores all keys of the file in the same block. This ensures that a single erase operation is sufficient to securely delete a file. Experimental results show that our scheme significantly reduces secure deletion overhead compared with the simple encryption scheme.
The FAST methodology for high-speed SoC/computer simulation (2007)

This paper describes the FAST methodology that enables a single FPGA to accelerate the performance of cycle-accurate computer system simulators modeling modem, realistic SoCs, embedded systems and standard desktop/laptop/server computer systems. The methodology partitions a simulator into (i) a functional model that simulates the functionality of the computer system and (ii) a predictive model that predicts performance and other metrics. The partitioning is crafted to map most of the parallel work onto a hardware-based predictive model, eliminating much of the complexity and difficulty of simulating parallel constructs on a sequential platform. FAST conventions and libraries have been designed to make creating, modifying, using and measuring such simulators straightforward. We describe a prototype FAST system: a full-system, RTL-level cycle-accurate-capable computer system simulator that executes the x86 ISA, boots unmodified Linux and executes unmodified x86 applications. The prototype runs two to three orders of magnitude faster than the fastest Intel and AMD RTL-level cycle-accurate x86 software-based simulators and about six to seven times faster than RTL simulation.
P2X4 receptors interact with both P2X2 and P2X7 receptors in the form of homotrimers (2011)

We conclude that both pairs of receptors interact in the form of distinct homomers. We urge caution in the interpretation of biochemical evidence indicating heteromer formation in other cases.
Identification and Characterization of a Multifunctional Dye Peroxidase from a Lignin-Reactive Bacterium (2012)

Plant biomass represents a renewable feedstock that has not yet been fully tapped because of the difficulty in accessing the carbon in its structural biopolymers. Lignin is an especially challenging substrate, but select microbes have evolved complex systems of enzymes for its breakdown through a radical-mediated oxidation process. Fungal systems are well-characterized for their ability to depolymerize lignin, but the ability of bacteria to react with this substrate remains elusive. We have therefore focused on elucidating strategies used by lignin-reactive soil bacteria and describing their oxidative enzyme systems. We now report the identification and characterization of an unusual C-type dye-decolorizing peroxidase from Amycolatopsis sp. 75iv2 (DyP2), which belongs to a family of heme peroxidases reported to be involved in bacterial lignin degradation. Biochemical studies indicate that DyP2 has novel function for this family, with versatile and high activity both as a peroxidase and Mn peroxidase (k(cat)/K(M) ≈ 10(5)-10(6) M(-1) s(-1)). It also has a Mn-dependent oxidase mode of action that expands its substrate scope. Crystallographic studies of DyP2 at 2.25 Å resolution show the existence of a Mn binding pocket and support its key role in catalysis.
High resolution mass spectra of malformin and related cyclic peptides. (1976)

A comparison of the high resolution mass spectra of synthetic and natural preparations of malformin provided new evidence for the revised structure: (see article): The interpretation of the mass spectra was aided by the examination of the spectra of the synthetic peptides, desthiomalformin and enantio-5-valine malformin.
Calculation method for reconstruction at arbitrary depth in CGH with Fourier transform optical system (2012)

A computer-generated hologram (CGH) is generated by simulating light waves propagated from virtual objects, and we are able to observe natural 3-D images without feeling tired. However, the resolution of current output devices, liquid crystal displays, is not high enough to display CGH data, so the size of reconstructed images are restricted. To increase image size, a method by using the Fourier transform optical system has been proposed. The Fourier transform optical system converges reconstructed light by arranging a lens between an observer and hologram and reconstructs floating images near the observer. In the system, a reconstruction position is confined around a focal point of the lens because a CGH calculation method had not yet been developed . To solve this problem, this describes a CGH calculation method using a unified formula to reconstruct images at arbitrary depth. This formula is derived by considering image formation of a lens and hologram. Moreover, process for eliminating unnecessary light elimination processing is described in this paper. By changing the elimination process according to the reconstruction position, images are reconstructed without overlapping unnecessary light at arbitrary depth. To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, we conducted optical reconstruction experiments. The results show that correctly sized images are reconstructed at correct depth, and unnecessary light is eliminated. It is possible to observe large and free-depth 3-D images with the proposed method.
Web Services Security (WS-Security) (2003)

WS-Security describes enhancements to SOAP messaging to provide quality of protection through message integrity, message confidentiality, and single message authentication. These mechanisms can be used to accommodate a wide variety of security models and encryption technologies.
The Cyclic Pullout Capacity of Suction Caisson Foundations (1999)

The increased cost and potential difficulty of pile driving in the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) have been the impetus for exploring alternative foundation types. One viable option that presented itself to the petroleum industry was the suction caisson foundation. Floating offshore structures are subjected not only to static uplift loads due to buoyancy, but also to low frequency cyclic loads from environmental conditions. An experimental program was undertaken to investigate the behavior of model suction caissons under simulated location-specific geotechnical and environmental conditions of the GoM (El-Gharbawy, 1998a). The effects of such parameters as the magnitude of the peak cyclic load, the inclination, and frequency of the applied load on the number of cycles undertaken by the caisson to undergo excessive displacement were examined. At peak cyclic loads greater than the long-term capacity of the caisson, caisson displacements occurred at rates proportional to the magnitude of the peak load. The static, long-term capacity (LTC) of the caisson was found to provide an upper limit on the peak cyclic load that could be withstood by the foundation before undergoing significant displacement. The effects of load inclination and oscillation frequency on the cyclic capacity were of particular interest when the peak cyclic load exceeded the long-term capacity of the caisson. The relationship between the number of cycles to a given displacement and the magnitude of the peak cyclic load was also a function of both the load inclination and oscillation frequency.
Non-invasive therapy of wrinkles and lax skin using a novel multisource phase-controlled radio frequency system (2010)

Abstract The last few years have shown an increased demand for non-invasive skin tightening to improve body contour. Since light (lasers or intense pulsed light sources) has a limited ability to penetrate deep into the tissue, radio frequency (RF) modalities were introduced for the reduction of lax skin to achieve skin tightening and body circumference reduction. This study presents the use of the novel 3DEEP technology for body contouring. 3DEEP is a next generation RF technology that provides targeted heating to deeper skin layers without pain or other local or systemic side effects associated with the use of the earlier generation RF systems available today. The study included 30 treatment areas on 23 healthy volunteers at two sites. The treatment protocol included four weekly and two bi-weekly (n= 6) treatments on different body areas. Results were evaluated by standardized photography and by circumference measurements at the treatment area, and were compared to changes in body weight. Significant improvement could be observed in wrinkles and skin laxity, and in the appearance of stretch marks and cellulite. Some changes appeared as early as after a single treatment. Circumference changes of up to 4.3 cm were measured.
Learning goal oriented Bayesian networks for telecommunications risk management (1996)

This paper discusses issues related to Bayesian network model learning for unbalanced binary classification tasks. In general, the primary focus of current research on Bayesian network learning systems (e.g., K2 and its variants) is on the creation of the Bayesian network structure that fits the database best. It turns out that when applied with a specific purpose in mind, such as classification, the performance of these network models may be very poor. We demonstrate that Bayesian network models should be created to meet the specific goal or purpose intended for the model. We first present a goal-oriented algorithm for constructing Bayesian networks for predicting uncollectibles in telecommunications riskmanagement datasets. Second, we argue and demonstrate that current Bayesian network learning methods may fail to perform satisfactorily in real life applications since they do not learn models tailored to a specific goal or purpose. Third, we discuss the performance of &quot;goal oriented&quot;...
The eye photoreceptor protein rhodopsin. Structural implications for retinal disease<sup>1</sup> (2002)

Rhodopsin is the membrane receptor responsible for photoreception in the vertebrate retina. Its characteristic seven-transmembrane helical structural motif is today widely recognised as a paradigm in signal transduction. Rhodopsin and the phototransduction system are frequently used as structural and mechanistic models for the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. Recent advances in the activation mechanism (as derived from the structural available data) and the implications for normal and pathological - in retinal disorders - visual function will be reviewed.
Emerging Energy Reducing Technologies for Desalination Applications (2016)

The purpose of this project was to independently evaluate two emerging desalination technologies that showed promise for at least 10 to 15% savings in specific energy consumption (SEC) during seawater desalination. Thin film nanocomposite (TFN) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes from LG-NanoH2O, LLC and semi-batch RO from Desalitech, LLC were selected for evaluation at the pilot scale. The significance of performing such a study was to independently test innovative technologies and ultimately to accelerate industry adaptation of recently developed commercial products by minimizing the time to widespread testing and application.The project consisted of two major phases: (1) literature review and (2) pilot-scale evaluation of TFN RO membranes and the semi-batch RO process. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify emerging desalination technologies with particular focus on energy minimization during seawater desalination. Pilot-scale evaluations of TFN RO membranes, Qfx400ES, Qfx365ES, and Qfx400R, were conducted at West Basin Municipal Water District's Ocean Water Demonstration Facility using seawater from the Pacific Ocean. Thin film composite (TFC) RO membranes from DowFilmtec, SW30ULE, and SW30XLE were used for baseline data collection and comparison with TFN RO membranes. The SEC at various flux and feed water recoveries were evaluated for the model membranes. A pilot scale evaluation of the semi-batch RO process was conducted at Israel Aerospace Industries (IAI) facility in Tel Aviv, Israel. Pretreated water from the Ashkelon Desalination Plant was used as the feed water for the pilot-scale evaluation. TFC RO membranes (SW30HRLE) were harvested from the full-scale plant and utilized in the semi-batch RO system. In addition, TFN RO membranes (Qfx400ES) also were utilized in the semi-batch RO system and SEC was evaluated at various flux and recovery conditions.This title belongs to WE&RF Research Report SeriesISBN: 9781780408460 (eBook)