gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MDM2 protein confers the resistance of a human glioblastoma cell line to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. (1995)

Induction of apoptosis in tumor cells is an important mechanism of chemotherapy-induced cell death. The tumor-suppressor gene p53 is required for the efficient activation of apoptosis following chemotherapy. However, the molecular mechanism regulating p53-associated apoptosis remains controversial. In this study, we show that the expression of both wild-type p53 and MDM2 (murine double minute 2) proteins was induced when cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) caused apoptosis in human glioblastoma U87-MG cells, which expressed neither wild-type p53 nor MDM2 protein prior to treatment. Overexpression of MDM2 in U87-MG cells transfected with human mdm2 expression vector conferred the resistance of tumor cell to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In contrast, the treatment with mdm2 antisense oligonucleotide targeted against mdm2 mRNA increased the susceptibility of tumor cells to apoptosis. Changes in expression level of MDM2 protein, however, did not affect the expression of wild-type p53 protein. These findings suggest that MDM2 protein may act as a negative regulator of cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and moreover, may play an important role in the development of resistance to cisplatin in human tumors.
Effect of Selective Heparin Desulfation on Preservation of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Bioactivity after Thermal Stress (2015)

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) plays an important role in bone and cartilage formation and is of interest in regenerative medicine. Heparin can interact electrostatically with BMP-2 and thus has been explored for controlled release and potential stabilization of this growth factor in vivo. However, in its natively sulfated state, heparin has potent anticoagulant properties that may limit its use. Desulfation reduces anticoagulant properties, but may impact heparin's ability to interact and protect BMP-2 from denaturation. The goal of this study was to characterize three selectively desulfated heparin species (N-desulfated (Hep(-N)), 6-O,N-desulfated (Hep(-N,-6O)), and completely desulfated heparin (Hep(-))) and determine if the sulfation level of heparin affected the level of BMP-2 bioactivity after heat treatment at 65 °C. BMP-2 bioactivity was evaluated using the established C2C12 cell assay. The resulting alkaline phosphatase activity data demonstrated that native heparin maintained a significant amount of BMP-2 bioactivity and the effect appeared to be heparin concentration dependent. Although all three had the same molecular charge as determined by zeta potential measurements, desulfated heparin derivatives Hep(-N) and Hep(-N,-6O) were not as effective as native heparin in maintaining BMP-2 bioactivity (only ~35% of original activity remained in both cases). These findings can be used to better select desulfated heparin species that exhibit low anticoagulant activity while extending the half-life of BMP-2 in solution and in delivery systems.
[Evaluation of the myo-inositol-monacolin K association on hyperandrogenism and on the lipidic metabolism parameters in PCOS women]. (2013)

The results of this study demonstrated a good efficacy of both treatments, although in the group treated with the combination of myo-inositol/monacolin K improvement in lipids and hyperandrogenism were significantly better.
A.C. Plasma Anemometer for Hypersonic Mach Number Experiments (2006)

A working prototype of a miniature 2 MHz a.c. driven, weakly-ionized plasma anemometer for measurements at hypersonic Mach numbers has been developed. This device uses a plasma discharge between two encapsulated electrodes as the primary sensing element. The discharge is driven by a low power (less than 5 Watt) a.c. source at voltages on the order of 350 V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r.m.s.</inf> at atmospheric pressure with electrode gaps of 0.076 mm (0.003 in.). The discharge has demonstrated sensitivity to mean and dynamic mass-flux variations at Mach numbers up to 5.0 and at frequencies of 200 kHz. In principle, a frequency response in excess of 1 MHz is possible. The advantages of the plasma anemometer are that it requires no frequency compensation up to its a.c. carrier frequency, has an amplitude-modulated output that has excellent common-mode rejection with a signal-to-noise ratio that is much better than a hot-wire, is robust with no sensor element to break, can have a small spatial volume, and is insensitive to temperature variations making calibration easier than thermal-based sensors. This sensor has applications for measurements in gas-turbine machinery, shock tubes, shock-boundary layer experiments, high-enthalpy hypersonic flows, and in plasma tunnels.
The Loss of GluR2(3) Immunoreactivity Precedes Neurofibrillary Tangle Formation in the Entorhinal Cortex and Hippocampus of Alzheimer Brains (1997)

Double-immunolabeling techniques were employed to examine the distribution of GluR2(3) subunits and markers of early cytoskeletal changes (mab MC1) within the entorhinal cortex (EC) and hippocampus of cases with varying degrees of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathology (stages I-VI by Braak and Braak). In addition near-adjacent tissue sections were double-immunolabeled using antibodies against GluR2(3) and a marker of normal neuronal cytoskeleton (MAP2). In those cases classified as stages I-II, most layer II neurons of the EC and pyramidal neurons in the CA1/subiculum were double-labeled with GluR2(3) and MAP2. An occasional MC1-labeled cell was observed, yet in no instance were these neurons double-labeled with GluR2(3). In cases with moderate AD pathology (stages III-IV), layer II of the EC and CA1/subiculum were characterized by a substantial loss of GluR2(3)-labeled neurons, while many were still immunoreactive to MAP2. Notably, the loss of GluR2(3) immunolabeling was accompanied by an increasing number of MC1-positive neurons. In no instance were GluR2(3) and MC1 co-localized within the same neuron. In cases with severe AD pathology (stages V-VI), the EC and CA1/subiculum were almost completely devoid of GluR2(3)-positive neurons. MAP2-labeled neurons also were reduced in number. In contrast, both regions contained an abundance of MC1-positive cells. That GluR2(3) and MC1 are not observed in the same neuron, together with the observation that the number of GluR2(3)-labeled neurons decreases as the number of MC1-positive cells increases, suggest that a loss of GluR2(3) immunolabeling precedes the appearance of MC1 immunolabeling.
A fine grain variation-aware dynamic Vdd-hopping AVFS architecture on a 32nm GALS MPSoC (2013)

In order to optimize global energy efficiency in the context of dynamic Process-Voltage-Temperature variations in advanced nodes, a fine-grain Adaptive Voltage and Frequency Scaling architecture is proposed and implemented on a 32 nm GALS Multi-Processor SoC. Each Processing Element is an independent Voltage-Frequency island and shows up to 18.2% energy gains due to local adaptability. Compared to a worst case approach, our proposal also allows a frequency boosting around 25% for a total area overhead of 10% including local frequency/voltage actuators, sensors and digital controller.
Use of Mobile Phones as Intelligent Sensors for Sound Input Analysis and Sleep State Detection (2011)

Sleep is not just a passive process, but rather a highly dynamic process that is terminated by waking up. Throughout the night a specific number of sleep stages that are repeatedly changing in various periods of time take place. These specific time intervals and specific sleep stages are very important for the wake up event. It is far more difficult to wake up during the deep NREM (2-4) stage of sleep because the rest of the body is still sleeping. On the other hand if we wake up during the mild (REM, NREM1) sleep stage it is a much more pleasant experience for us and for our bodies. This problem led the authors to undertake this study and develop a Windows Mobile-based device application called wakeNsmile. The wakeNsmile application records and monitors the sleep stages for specific amounts of time before a desired alarm time set by users. It uses a built-in microphone and determines the optimal time to wake the user up. Hence, if the user sets an alarm in wakeNsmile to 7:00 and wakeNsmile detects that a more appropriate time to wake up (REM stage) is at 6:50, the alarm will start at 6:50. The current availability and low price of mobile devices is yet another reason to use and develop such an application that will hopefully help someone to wakeNsmile in the morning. So far, the wakeNsmile application has been tested on four individuals introduced in the final section.
Molecular and Biochemical Characterization of OXA-45, an Extended-Spectrum Class 2d′ β-Lactamase in<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2003)

As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a clinical strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, strain 07-406, isolated in Texas was found to be resistant to all antimicrobials except polymyxin B. Genetic analysis of this isolate identified two unique extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes. One, bla(VIM-7), encoded a metallo-beta-lactamase (unpublished data), and the other, bla(OXA-45), described here, encoded a class D extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. bla(OXA-45) was isolated on a Sau3A1 genomic fragment of 1.8 kb and encodes a protein of 264 amino acids with the highest identities to OXA-18 (65.9%), OXA-9 (42.8%), OXA-22 (40.2%), OXA-12 (38.6%), and OXA-29 (35.2%) but weak identities with other class D beta-lactamases. bla(OXA-45) was found to be harbored on a 24-kb plasmid in a region that displays high identities with a section of the 43-kb genomic island of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104. Biochemically OXA-45 is most similar to OXA-18 in its substrate profile and inhibition by clavulanic acid and is a member of the 2d' class of beta-lactamases.
A comparison of voltage-mode soft-switching methods for PWM converters (1997)

A comparison study was conducted to characterize the loss mechanisms, component stresses, and overall efficiencies of a group of voltage-mode soft-switching pulse width modulation (PWM) methods, including two methods developed by the authors. All soft-switching methods in the selected group allow zero voltage turn-on and turn-off of the main switch and utilize a single auxiliary switch with some resonant components. Advantages and disadvantages are identified for each method. Experimental verification for each soft-switching method is provided. It was found that only those methods that softly switch the auxiliary switch, minimize redirection current, and recover the auxiliary circuit energy improve efficiency over most of the load range.
Correction for non‐perpendicularity of beam and tilt axis in tomographic reconstructions with the IMOD package (2008)

A correction for non-perpendicularity between the beam axis and the tilt axis in electron tomographic tilt series has been implemented in the IMOD software package and its value and limitations have been explored. Correction for this effect can provide a significant improvement in the alignment error and the reconstruction quality in some cases. However, when the projection model being fit includes an anisotropic shrinkage (i.e. stretch) in the plane of the specimen, adding a variable for the beam tilt does not produce a lower alignment error; it is thus not possible to distinguish between the effects of stretch and beam tilt. Test reconstructions indicate that an alignment solution that includes stretch will adequately correct for the effects of a beam tilt. For specimens subject to deformation under the beam, an alignment solution that accounts for stretch is preferable to one that accounts for beam tilt instead, provided that the markers used for alignment are sufficiently well distributed. Otherwise, a correction for beam tilt should be used.
The tubulin homologue FtsZ contributes to cell elongation by guiding cell wall precursor synthesis in <i>Caulobacter crescentus</i> (2007)

The tubulin homologue FtsZ is well known for its essential function in bacterial cell division. Here, we show that in Caulobacter crescentus, FtsZ also plays a major role in cell elongation by spatially regulating the location of MurG, which produces the essential lipid II peptidoglycan cell wall precursor. The early assembly of FtsZ into a highly mobile ring-like structure during cell elongation is quickly followed by the recruitment of MurG and a major redirection of peptidoglycan precursor synthesis to the midcell region. These FtsZ-dependent events occur well before cell constriction and contribute to cell elongation. In the absence of FtsZ, MurG fails to accumulate near midcell and cell elongation proceeds unperturbed in appearance by insertion of peptidoglycan material along the entire sidewalls. Evidence suggests that bacteria use both a FtsZ-independent and a FtsZ-dependent mode of peptidoglycan synthesis to elongate, the importance of each mode depending on the timing of FtsZ assembly during elongation.
Electroorganic synthesis : festschrift for Manuel M. Baizer (1991)

Baizer (1914-1988) was the foremost internationally recognized authority on organic electrosynthesis. In this festschrift , derived from a memorial symposium held in Montreal, May 1990, as part of the 177th meeting of the Electrochemical Society, and also marking the 25th anniversary of electroorgan
Hormone release and abortifacient effectiveness of a newly developed silastic device containing 15-ME-PGF2alpha methyl ester in concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%. (1976)

Abortion was successfully induced by intravaginal administration of a newly developed silastic device impregnated with 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin F2alpha methyl ester in a concentration of 0.5% in 26 of 35 women in the 12th to the 24th weeks of gestation and by prostaglandin with concomitant oxytocin infusion in an additional 5 patients. A second comparable group of 35 women, with gestational ages from 9 to 23 weeks, received a silastic device with a concentration of 1.0% of the prostaglandin. Twenty-six women in the second group aborted with prostaglandin alone and an additional 6 patients aborted with combined prostaglandin-oxytocin therapy. Seven patients of the 70 included in this study failed to abort with intravaginal administration of 15-ME-PGF2alpha methyl ester even with concomitant oxytocin therapy; this group included 4 patients receiving the 0.5% device and 3 patients with the 1.0% device. The mean abortion time for the 31 successful abortions with 0.5% device was 15.15 hours and multiparous patients aborted in a mean time of 9.69 hours, significantly faster than the nulliparous patients, mean time 18.49 hours. The mean abortion time for the 32 successful abortions with the 1.0% device was 15.61 hours and there was no significant difference in the mean abortion times between nulliparous and multiparous patients in this group. No significant difference could be demonstrated between the mean abortion times of patients receiving an 0.5% concentrations of prostaglandin and patients receiving a 1.0% concentration of the drug. In both groups more than 40% of the patients had aborted within 12 hours of the insertion of the prostaglandin device and more than 80% had aborted within 24 hours. The intravaginal device appeared to be effective in inducing abortion throughout the gestational ages tested in this series. Peripheral plasma levels of 15-ME-PGF2alpha were analyzed in 15 patients with the 0.5% device and 8 patients with the 1.0% device. In patients with the 0.5% device the mean plasma concentration of prostaglandin peaked 2 hours after insertion, while in patients with the 1.0% device the peak was achieved within 15 minutes of insertion followed by a rapid decline in plasma prostaglandin levels. Diarrhea was the most frequent side effect related to the intravaginal administration of the prostaglandin, and in this series the severity of this gastro-intestinal disturbance appeared to be significantly higher in patients receiving the 1.0% device.
Effects of sucrose on the rheological behavior of wheat starch pastes (1983)

Abstract The rheological properties of starch–water–sucrose pastes have been determined under steady and oscillatory shear conditions. The results show that the effect of sucrose at concentrations of less than about 20% w/w is to increase the apparent viscosity, yield stress, dynamic viscosity, and dynamic rigidity. At higher surose concentrations the yield stress and dynamic rigidity tend to zero while values of the dynamic viscosity and apparent viscosity are reduced compared with controls. Sucrose causes the dispersed gel particles in pastes to change volume, and it is suggested that this is one of the factors responsible for the observed effects of sucrose on rheological behavior.
Crystal growth, electro-optic and electrostrictive properties of yttrium and erbium formate dihydrates, Y(HCOO)<sub>3</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O (YFD) and Er(HCOO)<sub>3</sub> · 2H<sub>2</sub>O (ErFD) (1991)

Article Crystal growth, electro-optic and electrostrictive properties of yttrium and erbium formate dihydrates, Y(HCOO)3 · 2H2O (YFD) and Er(HCOO)3 · 2H2O (ErFD) was published on August 1, 1991 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 194, issue 1-4).
Transtendon arthroscopic repair of partial‐thickness, articular surface tears of the rotator cuff (2004)

Partial tears of the articular surface of the rotator cuff are common lesions and when not repaired can lead to persistent pain and disability. In this report, we describe a transtendon method of repairing partial articular surface lesions that anatomically restores the footprint of the rotator cuff, allowing a broad area for tendon healing to bone.
CW Passive Mode-Locking of a New Nd3+:GdVO4 Crystal Laser (1993)

We report the first demonstration of efficient passively mode-locked laser based on new Nd3+:GdVO4 crystal. Pulses of 2.4 ps duration with 330 mW of output power are observed. Under diode-pumping, pulses of 1.9 ps duration were obtained.
Epithelial dysplasia of the rabbit colon induced by degraded carrageenan. (1986)

Colonic mucosal lesions, characterized by crypt abscesses and mononuclear cell infiltration, which resemble human ulcerative colitis can be induced in rabbits by short-term (7 to 8 weeks) administration of carrageenan according to our method. In this study experimental epithelial dysplasia of the colon was induced by the p.o. administration of lambda-degraded carrageenan for a much longer period of time. Fifteen rabbits, sensitized i.m. with the same substance 1 week before, were subjected to 12 or 28 months of treatment with 1% carrageenan solution in drinking water. Histological examination disclosed chiefly mild inflammatory changes of the colonic mucosa in all animals and a focal but high-grade dysplasia (nonpolypoid) involving the mucosal epithelium in three of the five animals treated for 28 months. The present observations suggested that epithelial dysplasia of the colon may be caused in association with inflammation and that the pathological condition produced by us can be a useful model of carcinoma in situ possibly resulting from inflammation.
Extraction and simulation of realistic CMOS faults using inductive fault analysis (2003)

FXT is a software tool which implements inductive fault analysis for CMOS circuits. It extracts a comprehensive list of circuit-level faults for any given CMOS circuit and ranks them according to their relative likelihood of occurrence. Five commercial CMOS circuits are analyzed using FXT. Of the extracted faults, approximately 50% can be modeled by single-line stuck-at 0/1 fault model. Faults extracted from two circuits are simulated with the switch-level fault simulator FMOSSIM. The test set provided by the circuits' manufacturer, which detects 100% of the single-line stuck-at 0/1 faults, detected between 73% and 89% of the simulated faults.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structure And Function Of Hexose Transporters (1991)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Parametric instabilities and turbulent heating of a plasma in the field of a fast magneto-acoustic wave (1973)

The authors consider the parametric instability of a homogeneous plasma in a magnetic field 0 and in an alternating electric field 0 perpendicular to it. The electric field frequency ω0 is of the same order as the lower hybrid frequency ωLH, while the amplitude of the relative velocity of the electrons and ions u ∼ cE0/B0 is significantly less than the thermal velocity of the electrons. The authors consider the excitation of longitudinal hydrodynamic oscillations in a cold plasma and of ion sound and electron sound in a strongly non-isothermal plasma. The characteristic values of the maximum growth rate of these oscillations is of the order of ωLH.
Local-Domain Mesoscale Analysis and Forecast Model Support for the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games (1998)

The National Weather Service (NWS) developed the Olympic Weather Support System (OWSS) to provide specialized operational weather support for the 1996 Centennial Olympic Games in Atlanta. Operational implementation of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Forecast Systems Laboratory’s Local Analysis and Prediction System (LAPS) was a key element of the OWSS. LAPS is a complete, three-dimensional data assimilation system that produced subhourly atmospheric analyses on an 8-km grid covering all the Olympic venues. The LAPS analyses also provided initial conditions to the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale forecast model. RAMS forecasts were generated at least every 3 h using 8- or 2-km grids. For the first time, a comprehensive operational analysis and forecast system operated in a local NWS forecast office to support meso-β-scale forecasts and warnings. Numerous benefits of LAPS–RAMS to the local forecast office were demonstrated. The OWSS, with LAPS–RAMS included, provided a precursory view of the enhanced operational mesoscale forecast capabilities that can be available to the NWS and other forecast offices in the near future.
Some points of geophysical interest revealed in the mass‐analysis of teleseismic records (1940)

Mass‐analysis of seismograms may at first glance sound uninteresting. As a matter of fact to the casual observer of the subject this is no doubt quite true. When one is in continuous contact with the interpretation of seismograms the reverse is very apt to be true. The picture that one gets under these circumstances might well be compared to the old picture‐puzzle with hidden faces to be found. By careful observation one can eventually find all of them. The same is true in seismology though the faces are exchanged for geophysical facts.