gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition by analogues of L-tyrosine transport by B16/F10 melanoma cells (1991)

The effect of a number of L-tyrosine (L-Tyr) analogues on L-Tyr uptake by B16/F10 malignant melanocytes is reported. This amino acid can be taken up by two of the most ubiquitous transport systems found in animals cells, L and presumably ASC. L-Tyr analogues devoid of the amino group, like p-hydroxyphenyl pyruvic acid and related compounds, and L-Tyr analogues devoid of the carboxyl group, such as tyramine, do not affect L-Tyr uptake. The other aromatic amino acids, L-Phe and L-Trp, and the L-Tyr analogues DL-m-Tyr, L-diiodotyrosine and L-dopa, strongly inhibit the uptake of L-Tyr. This suggests that these chemicals are transported more efficiently than L-Tyr. The ASC system does not show stereospecificity, but the L system has greater affinity for L-Tyr than for D-Tyr. The ASC system also has greater affinity for tyrosine isomers with the hydroxyl group in the ortho and meta positions. The presence of a methyl group at the α-carbon of L-Tyr and L-dopa also increases the affinity of the ASC system for these agents. In contrast, α-methylation decreases the affinity of the L system in comparison to L-Tyr. Finally, L-Tyr esters do not inhibit, but stimulate the transport of L-Tyr, mainly by the ASC system.
Striving for quality (1989)

Ummanga Jolly describes a research based quality strategy in Preston aimed at enhancing service
Minimally Invasive Mutagenesis Gives Rise to a Biosynthetic Polyketide Library (2012)

Not in the public domain: Site-directed mutagenesis of megasynthases was the key to the generation of a library of polyketides in bacteria. Redox derivatizations are used to change the bioactivity profile of the compounds.
Electropolymerization of <i>o</i>‐phenylenediamine on Pt‐electrode from aqueous acidic solution: Kinetic, mechanism, electrochemical studies and characterization of the polymer obtained (2009)

Abstract Electropolymerization of O ‐phenylenediamine ( o‐ PD) on Pt‐electrode from a deoxygenated aqueous acid medium was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique. The kinetic parameters were calculated by means of electrochemical data. The experimentally obtained kinetic equation was R P , E = k E [monomer] 1.19 [acid] 1.23 [electrolyte] 0.87 from the value of the anodic current density using cyclic voltammetry technique. The apparent activation energy ( E a ) is found to be 28.34 kJ mol −1 . The polymer films obtained have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, 1 H‐NMR, 13 C‐NMR, UV‐visible, and IR spectroscopy. The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization reaction has been discussed. TGA is used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Heme deficiency may be a factor in the mitochondrial and neuronal decay of aging (2002)

Heme, a major functional form of iron in the cell, is synthesized in the mitochondria by ferrochelatase inserting ferrous iron into protoporphyrin IX. Heme deficiency was induced with N-methylprotoporphyrin IX, a selective inhibitor of ferrochelatase, in two human brain cell lines, SHSY5Y (neuroblastoma) and U373 (astrocytoma), as well as in rat primary hippocampal neurons. Heme deficiency in brain cells decreases mitochondrial complex IV, activates nitric oxide synthase, alters amyloid precursor protein, and corrupts iron and zinc homeostasis. The metabolic consequences resulting from heme deficiency seem similar to dysfunctional neurons in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Heme-deficient SHSY5Y or U373 cells die when induced to differentiate or to proliferate, respectively. The role of heme in these observations could result from its interaction with heme regulatory motifs in specific proteins or secondary to the compromised mitochondria. Common causes of heme deficiency include aging, deficiency of iron and vitamin B6, and exposure to toxic metals such as aluminum. Iron and B6 deficiencies are especially important because they are widespread, but they are also preventable with supplementation. Thus, heme deficiency or dysregulation may be an important and preventable component of the neurodegenerative process.
Pneumatically tunable optofluidic dye laser (2010)

We presented a tunable optofluidic dye laser with integrated elastomeric air-gap etalon controlled by air pressure. The chip was fabricated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) via replica molding. It comprises a liquid waveguide and microscale air-gap mirrors providing the feedback. The lasing wavelength is chosen by the interference between two parallel PDMS-air interfaces inside the internal tunable air-gap etalon, of which pneumatic tuning can be realized by inflating the air-gap etalon with compressed air. This dye laser exhibits a pumping threshold of 1.6 μJ/pulse, a lasing linewidth of 3 nm, and a tuning range of 14 nm.
Genomic Analyses of Acute Flaccid Myelitis Cases among a Cluster in Arizona Provide Further Evidence of Enterovirus D68 Role (2019)

Enteroviruses are a common cause of respiratory and gastrointestinal illness, and multiple subtypes, including poliovirus, can cause neurologic disease. In recent years, enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has been associated with serious neurologic illnesses, including acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), frequently preceded by respiratory disease. A cluster of 11 suspect cases of pediatric AFM was identified in September 2016 in Phoenix, AZ. To determine if these cases were associated with EV-D68, we performed multiple genomic analyses of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) material from the patients, including real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing targeting the EV-D68 VP1 gene and unbiased microbiome and metagenomic sequencing. Four of the 11 patients were classified as confirmed cases of AFM, and an additional case was classified as probable AFM. Real-time PCR and amplicon sequencing detected EV-D68 virus RNA in the three AFM patients from which NP swabs were collected, as well as in a fourth patient diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, a disease that commonly follows bacterial or viral infections, including enterovirus. No other obvious etiological causes for AFM were identified by 16S or RNA and DNA metagenomic sequencing in these cases, strengthening the likelihood that EV-D68 is an etiological factor. Herpes simplex viral DNA was detected in the CSF of the fourth case of AFM and in one additional suspect case from the cluster. Multiple genomic techniques, such as those described here, can be used to diagnose patients with suspected EV-D68 respiratory illness, to aid in AFM diagnosis, and for future EV-D68 surveillance and epidemiology.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Enteroviruses frequently result in respiratory and gastrointestinal illness; however, multiple subtypes, including poliovirus, can cause severe neurologic disease. Recent biennial increases (i.e., 2014, 2016, and 2018) in cases of non-polio acute flaccid paralysis have led to speculations that other enteroviruses, specifically enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), are emerging to fill the niche that was left from poliovirus eradication. A cluster of 11 suspect cases of pediatric acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) was identified in 2016 in Phoenix, AZ. Multiple genomic analyses identified the presence of EV-D68 in the majority of clinical AFM cases. Beyond limited detection of herpesvirus, no other likely etiologies were found in the cluster. These findings strengthen the likelihood that EV-D68 is a cause of AFM and show that the rapid molecular assays developed for this study are useful for investigations of AFM and EV-D68.
Multiresolution sampling procedure for analysis and synthesis of texture images (1997)

This paper outlines a technique for treating input texture images as probability density estimators from which new textures, with similar appearance and structural properties, can be sampled. In a two-phase process, the input texture is first analyzed by measuring the joint occurrence of texture discrimination features at multiple resolutions. In the second phase, a new texture is synthesized by sampling successive spatial frequency bands from the input texture, conditioned on the similar joint occurrence of features at lower spatial frequencies. Textures synthesized with this method more successfully capture the characteristics of input textures than do previous techniques.
BCH Code Selection and Iterative Decoding for BCH and LDPC Concatenated Coding System (2013)

In this letter, we consider a concatenated BCH and QC-LDPC coding system for potential use of data protection on flash memory. Two issues are studied, and strategies to resolve them are proposed. First, in order to guarantee that the concatenated coding system is free from undesired error floor, we propose a strategy to select the outer BCH codes according to the error patterns of inner QC-LDPC code. We next present an iterative decoding algorithm between inner QC-LDPC and outer BCH codes to alleviate the performance degradation in the waterfall region due to code-concatenation rate loss. The two proposals jointly provide a feasible design for the concatenated BCH and QC-LDPC coding system. Simulations to verify the performance of the proposed concatenated coding system design are given at the end.
Monocular heading estimation in non-stationary urban environment (2012)

Estimating heading information reliably from visual cues only is an important goal in human navigation research as well as in application areas ranging from robotics to automotive safety. The focus of expansion (FoE) is deemed to be important for this task. Yet, dynamic and unstructured environments like urban areas still pose an algorithmic challenge. We extend a robust learning framework that operates on optical flow and has at center stage a continuous Latent Variable Model (LVM) [1]. It accounts for missing measurements, erroneous correspondences and independent outlier motion in the visual field of view. The approach bypasses classical camera calibration through learning stages, that only require monocular video footage and corresponding platform motion information. To estimate the FoE we present both a numerical method acting on inferred optical flow fields and regression mapping, e.g. Gaussian-Process regression. We also present results for mapping to velocity, yaw, and even pitch and roll. Performance is demonstrated for car data recorded in non-stationary, urban environments.
DIGITAL PROCESSING OF REFRACTION DATA STUDY OF FIRST ARRIVALS* (1972)

A bstract It has been necessary to resort to the use of “long‐line” refraction marine operations in certain areas where it proved impossible to eliminate singing from reflection records despite the number and variety of programs at our disposal for this purpose. Experience has shown that manual processing of offshore refraction records takes a disproportionate length of time in comparison with the surveys themselves, and this is incompatible with the requirements for choosing the site of an exploration well. It thus became necessary to find an “industrial approach” to the solution of this processing problem. It was apparent that automatic picking could also facilitate the interpretation of land refraction data, and that in the case of both marine and land work the interpretations would be more accurate when factors were taken into account which could not be considered when working without the aid of a digital computer. For these reasons a set of programs was developed for automatic picking and interpretation of refracted arrivals. The picking itself consists in searching for the maximum values of the normalized cross‐correlation functions of the traces with a “model” trace. The first results thus supplied are: “picked” times, intercept times, maximum values of the correlations, and the values of the tie constants between overlapping spreads. Next, the construction of the relative intercept time curves is performed; a statistical analysis of these curves then allows the determination of the offset distance. From these elements, ⊙ either the delay time curve is produced, after ensuring correct reciprocal times by means of additional minor corrections. Such work is carried out in order to enable the geophysicist to gain a sound idea of the quality of the interpretation. To assist in this aim, part of the trace on both sides of the pick is plotted on the final documents. Valid groupings of several traces involving the same amount of refraction data are thus possible. ⊙ or the refractor depth is constructed with the wavefront method, making use of the relative intercept times. Such a procedure, which is normally applied to first breaks, can also be used for later arrivals exhibiting slight interference and should represent an important step towards processing secondary arrivals with high interference. The development of this package, in response to a need which is shared by both SNPA and CGG, is the result of the joint efforts of the Geophysical Group of SNPA's Pau Research Center and CGG's Technical and Scientific Departments.
Electropolymerization of <i>p</i>‐phenylenediamine on Pt‐electrode from aqueous acidic solution: Kinetics, mechanism, electrochemical studies, and characterization of the polymer obtained (2010)

Abstract Electropolymerization of p ‐phenylenediamine ( p PD) on Pt‐electrode from a deoxygenated aqueous acid medium was carried out using cyclic voltammetry technique. The kinetic parameters were calculated by means of electrochemical data. The experimentally obtained kinetic equation was R P,E = k E [monomer] 1.23 [acid] 1.24 [electrolyte] 0.94 from the value of the anodic current density. The apparent activation energy ( E a ) is found to be 65.1 kJ mol −1 . The obtained polymer films have been characterized by X‐ray diffraction, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis, and IR spectroscopy. The conductivity of the polymer pellets is 6.3 × 10 −7 S cm −1 . The mechanism of the electrochemical polymerization reaction has been discussed. TGA is used to confirm the proposed structure and determination of the number of water molecules in the polymeric chain unit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Concanavalin A-inducible, interleukin-2-producing T cell hybridoma. (1980)

The fusion of an AKR T cell tumor line to normal B6D2F1, T cells resulted in the production of a cloned T cell hybridoma (FS6-14.13) inducible with the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). The supernate from Con A-stimulated hybridoma cells was active both in the stimulation of an anti-sheep red blood cell response by partially T cell-depleted B cells and in the stimulation of the growth of antigen-specific T cell blasts. The active principle in both assays had a molecular weight of approximately 30-40,000. These results indicated the presence of interleukin 2 (IL2) in the hybridoma supernate. The activity of the hybridoma supernate in B cell responses was dependent on the presence of adherent cells and a few contaminating T cells. On the other hand, Con A-stimulated supernates from normal spleen cells were active after either adherent cell removal or severe T cell depletion. These results suggested that IL2 was the only active helper factor in the hybridoma supernate, but that additional helper factors were present in supernates from Con A-stimulated normal spleen cells.
Dissolution Improvement of Cisapride by Solid Dispersion with HPMC (2004)

Aim To prepare a solid dispersion of cisapride with hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC E5 LV) as carrier for the purpose of accelerating the in vitro drug release by means of improving the solubility of the model drug. Methods Alcohol and simulated gastric fluid (SGF) were used to dissolve cisapride and HPMC in order to make the model drug dispersed homogeneously in the carrier. The HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion was then obtained by conventional solvent evaporation method. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to measure the diffraction peaks of pure carrier, pure cisapride, physical mixture of HPMC with cisapride (4∶1), and HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion (4∶1) to confirm the crystal existence. The solubility of pure drug and HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion was measured with water, SGF and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). The in vitro drug releases of the sustained release tablet prepared with pure cisapride or HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion were investigated with water and SGF as media, respectively. Results No diffraction peaks were found by X-ray diffraction in the HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion (4∶1), indicating that the drug existed in an amorphous form at that drug-carrier ratio. Compared with the pure drug, the solubilities of HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion are increased by 239.4% in SGF, 132.6% in water, and 117.9% in SIF. According to the in vitro drug release, the sustained release tablet prepared with HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion had a faster drug release than did that prepared with pure drug. The in vitro drug release profiles were found to comply with Higuchi's rule. Conclusion The in vitro drug release of the sustained release tablet made by HPMC-cisapride solid dispersion is improved owing to the increased drug solubility.
Electromagnetic modelling design considerations for triggered spark gaps (1997)

Two dimensional electrostatic modelling techniques have previously been used to aid the design of high voltage, low jitter trigatron spark gap switches. The use of modelling allows regions of high electric field stress in the preliminary design to be identified quickly and controlled, ensuring optimum performance and lifetime of the switch. This paper describes the application of boundary element method (BEM) electrostatic analysis to the design of a triggered gas switch which has a predicted lifetime of 104 shots, single sided jitter of <1 ns and an operating voltage of up to 500 kV. Design consideration has also been given to the average E-fields in both the main gap and the trigger gap in an attempt to reduce further the switch closure time and the jitter in the delay time. (4 pages)
Alcohol dehydrogenase is active in supercritical carbon dioxide (2000)

Alcohol dehydrogenase from Geotrichum candidum was found to be active in supercritical carbon dioxide at 10 MPa; high activities and excellent enantioselectivities were observed for the asymmetric reduction of aromatic and cyclic ketones.
From System Science—A New Way to Structure and Manage the Company (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: A Time for Change System Science and the Viable System Model (VSM) Benefits for Management Origins of System Science What is a System? Cybernetics Homeostats and Heterostats Recursion Information Transduction Self-Organization Self-Control Overview: The Essence of Chapter 1
Anemia After Bariatric Surgery: More Than Just Iron Deficiency (2009)

Bariatric surgery for morbid obesity is rapidly gaining popularity. Restrictive and/or malabsorptive surgical interventions result in dramatic weight loss with significantly decreased obesity-related morbidity and mortality. Anemia, which may affect as many as two-thirds of these patients, is of concern and generally thought to be caused by iron deficiency. Although iron deficiency in this population may be frequent given pouch hypoacidity, defunctionalized small bowel, and red meat intolerance, it may not account for all anemias seen. First, there is increasing evidence that obesity creates a state of chronic inflammation. Both iron deficiency anemia and anemia of chronic inflammation present with low serum iron levels. Most studies reporting anemia after bariatric surgery lack serum ferritin determinations so that the relative contribution of inflammation to anemia cannot be assessed. Second, a significant number of anemias after bariatric surgery remain unexplained and may be attributable to less frequently seen micronutrient deficiencies such as copper, fatsoluble vitamins A and E, or an imbalance in zinc intake. Third, although deficiencies of folate and vitamin B(12) are infrequent, study observation periods may be too short to detect anemia attributable to vitamin B(12) deficiency because vitamin B(12) storage depletion takes many years. This review is intended to increase awareness of the mechanisms of anemia above and beyond iron deficiency in the bariatric patient and provide healthcare providers with tools for a more thoughtful approach to anemia in this patient population.
Magnetic nanowires in hexagonally ordered pores of alumina (2000)

Acid-anodized aluminum forms amorphous alumina with long and columnar nanopores with approximately hexagonal ordering ("alumite"). Excellent hexagonal ordering of these nanopores has been achieved by 24 hours of anodization, but with restricted domain size (2-4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/), which can be increased to 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ with longer anodization. We have deposited Fe in disordered pores and Co in ordered pores; we can control the average length and diameter of these nanowires, but there is still a distribution of nanowire lengths. Previously, we described Fe nanowires with diameters down to 11 nm in disordered pores. Here we focus on longer (770 nm) and shorter (64 nm) Co nanowires with diameters of 25 nm in ordered pores with 100 nm pore-to-pore separation. The longer wires have an easy axis out-of-plane, with squareness >0.9, coercivity=1900 Oe, and a fluctuation field of 5.3 Oe. The shorter wires are more isotropic, with lower coercivities (/spl ap/1300 Oe) and larger fluctuation fields /spl ap/8.4 Oe.
Breed affects thermoregulation and epithelial morphology in imported and native cattle subjected to heat stress. (1995)

The objective of this study conducted in tropical Brazil was to characterize some physiological responses to heat stress in imported Bos taurus, native Bos taurus, and native Bos indicus cattle. Imported Simmental (n = 107) native Simmental (n = 99), and native Bos indicus cattle (n = 121) (42 to 80 mo of age) were evaluated. Animals were walked 7 km at 37 degrees C and 60 to 65% relative humidity during midday. Rectal temperatures and respiration rates were taken before and after the walk. A .01-cm2 sample of cutaneous tissue from the lateral cervical region was obtained from each animal. Slices were stained with hematoxylin-eosin solution, and the epithelial strata were counted. Perimeter of the sweat glands was also calculated. Rectal temperatures before the walk were greater (P < .001) in imported Simmental (40.52 +/- .04 degrees C) than in native Simmental (38.92 +/- .04 degrees C) or Bos indicus (38.90 +/- .04 degrees C). Rectal temperatures after the walk were greater (P < .001) in native Simmental (39.87 +/- .05 degrees C) than in Bos indicus (39.46 +/- .05 degrees C). Because of the heat, imported Simmental were not capable of finishing the drive, and rectal temperatures could not be taken. Respiration rates before and after the walk were greater (P < .001) in imported Simmental (64.3 +/- .6; 95.8 +/- .8) than in native Simmental (35.0 +/- .6; 56.8 +/- .8) or Bos indicus (15.0 +/- .2; 33.2 +/- .8). Sweat gland perimeter was greater (P < .001) in Bos indicus (540.5 +/- 19.1 mm) than in native Simmental (382.0 +/- 27.6 micrograms) or imported Simmental 497.2 +/- 17.4 micrograms). Native Bos indicus were environmentally adapted, native Simmental had elevated body temperatures and respiration rates, and imported Simmental had dramatically increased body temperatures and respiration rates. Native Bos indicus cattle were environmentally adapted and differed in skin histology, sweat gland histometry, and number of epithelial strata.