gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP)-7 expression is decreased in human hypertensive nephrosclerosis (2010)

The findings suggest a protective role for BMP-7 by counteracting the TGF-β and TNF-α-induced negative effects. The reduced expression of BMP-7 in patients with hypertensive nephrosclerosis may imply loss of protection and regenerative potential necessary to counter the disease.
p27<sup>Kip1</sup>and p57<sup>Kip2</sup>Regulate Proliferation in Distinct Retinal Progenitor Cell Populations (2001)

In the developing vertebrate retina, progenitor cell proliferation must be precisely regulated to ensure appropriate formation of the mature tissue. Cyclin kinase inhibitors have been implicated as important regulators of proliferation during development by blocking the activity of cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase complexes. We have found that the p27(Kip1) cyclin kinase inhibitor regulates progenitor cell proliferation throughout retinal histogenesis. p27(Kip1) is upregulated during the late G(2)/early G(1) phase of the cell cycle in retinal progenitor cells, where it interacts with the major retinal D-type cyclin-cyclin D1. Mice deficient for p27(Kip1) exhibited an increase in the proportion of mitotic cells throughout development as well as extensive apoptosis, particularly during the later stages of retinal histogenesis. Retroviral-mediated overexpression of p27(Kip1) in mitotic retinal progenitor cells led to premature cell cycle exit yet had no dramatic effects on Müller glial or bipolar cell fate specification as seen with the Xenopus cyclin kinase inhibitor, p27(Xic1). Consistent with the overexpression of p27(Kip1), mice lacking one or both alleles of p27(Kip1) maintained the same relative ratios of each major retinal cell type as their wild-type littermates. During the embryonic stages of development, when both p27(Kip1) and p57(Kip2) are expressed in retinal progenitor cells, they were found in distinct populations, demonstrating directly that different retinal progenitor cells are heterogeneous with respect to their expression of cell cycle regulators.
VeMAC: A TDMA-Based MAC Protocol for Reliable Broadcast in VANETs (2012)

The need of a medium access control (MAC) protocol for an efficient broadcast service is of great importance to support the high-priority safety applications in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). This paper introduces VeMAC, a novel multichannel TDMA MAC protocol proposed specifically for a VANET scenario. The VeMAC supports efficient one-hop and multihop broadcast services on the control channel by using implicit acknowledgments and eliminating the hidden terminal problem. The protocol reduces transmission collisions due to node mobility on the control channel by assigning disjoint sets of time slots to vehicles moving in opposite directions and to road side units. Analysis and simulation results in highway and city scenarios are presented to evaluate the performance of VeMAC and compare it with ADHOC MAC, an existing TDMA MAC protocol for VANETs. It is shown that, due to its ability to decrease the rate of transmission collisions, the VeMAC protocol can provide significantly higher throughput on the control channel than ADHOC MAC.
Estimating Cytomegalovirus Growth Rates by Using Only a Single Point (2013)

Calculation of pathogen growth rates is important in understanding the natural history of infection and effects of therapy. However, it is often difficult to estimate pathogen growth because patients are treated immediately upon the detection of infection, leaving only one nonzero untreated reading. Previous approaches have relied on the flawed assumption that pathogen loads just prior to detection are at the assay detection threshold. We have developed a novel method for estimating the pathogen growth rate from a single reading and investigated the initial growth of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients. We applied this approach to CMV viral loads measured at least weekly in 122 patients in the 3 months posttransplant. Viral growth rates were estimated by using a modeling approach that accounts for the viral load and the time since the last negative reading. Viral growth rates decreased rapidly within the first week, from 0.72/day (doubling time, 0.96 day) at the point of reactivation to 0.22/day (doubling time, 3.1 days) at 1 week. Results from this method correlated closely with a two-point regression analysis of a subset of 58 patients with detectable subthreshold viral loads immediately prior to overt reactivation. Patients with lymphocyte counts of ≥0.5 × 10(9)/liter had significantly slower viral growth than patients with low lymphocyte counts (0.612/day versus 0.325/day, P < 0.0001). Thus, our novel method of estimating pathogen growth rates reveals a rapid slowing of CMV growth during reactivation in HSCT patients and a significant impact of the lymphocyte count on CMV growth.
A Rapid Pneumatic Applanation Tonometer (1968)

Experimental and clinical evaluation was made of a pneumatic tonometer developed for measuring intraocular pressure. In manometric studies on dead human eyes, a direct proportionality was found between intraocular pressure and average readings by pneumatic tonometry on either the cornea or sclera. From pressure measurements made with the pneumatic tonometer during open and closed stopcock manometry, the total volume of corneal and scleral indentation was calculated to be 1 to 2 μl. A positive correlation was found between measurements of pressure made by Goldmann, Schiøtz, and pneumatic tonometers, but significant differences were found in individual subjects. When seated patients assumed a supine position, the pneumatic tonometer showed an average intraocular pressure increment of 1.7 mm Hg. The cause of these differences and the problems of making accurate pressure measurements by the three tonometric procedures are discussed.
Performance Evaluation of Negative Stiffness Devices for Seismic Response Control of Bridge Structures via Experimental Shake Table Tests (2014)

A newly developed passive device that provides negative stiffness has been implemented within a quarter-scale highway bridge model and subjected to seismic loading via shake table testing. Details of the experimental results and their comparison with numerical simulations under a wide range of ground motions are presented. In addition, performance indices were developed to systematically evaluate the relative performance of different isolation system configurations that employ combinations of positive and negative stiffness as well as various levels of damping. Further, the influence of boundary conditions (rigid versus flexible bridge piers) on the effectiveness of employing negative stiffness devices has been evaluated.
Interference with <i>Pseudomonas</i> quinolone signal synthesis inhibits virulence factor expression by <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that controls numerous virulence factors through intercellular signals. This bacterium has two quorum-sensing systems (las and rhl), which act through the intercellular signals N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-l-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C(12)-HSL) and N-butyryl-l-homoserine lactone (C(4)-HSL), respectively. P. aeruginosa also produces a third intercellular signal that is involved in virulence factor regulation. This signal, 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone [referred to as the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS)], is a secondary metabolite that is part of the P. aeruginosa quorum-sensing hierarchy. PQS can induce both lasB (encodes LasB elastase) and rhlI (encodes the C(4)-HSL synthase) in P. aeruginosa and is produced maximally during the late stationary phase of growth. Because PQS is an intercellular signal that is part of the quorum-sensing hierarchy and controls multiple virulence factors, we began basic studies designed to elucidate its biosynthetic pathway. First, we present data that strongly suggest that anthranilate is a precursor for PQS. P. aeruginosa converted radiolabeled anthranilate into radioactive PQS, which was bioactive. We also found that an anthranilate analog (methyl anthranilate) would inhibit the production of PQS. This analog was then shown to have a major negative effect on elastase production by P. aeruginosa. These data provide evidence that precursors of intercellular signals may provide viable targets for the development of therapeutic treatments that will reduce P. aeruginosa virulence.
Reinforcement Learning Versus Model Predictive Control: A Comparison on a Power System Problem (2008)

This paper compares reinforcement learning (RL) with model predictive control (MPC) in a unified framework and reports experimental results of their application to the synthesis of a controller for a nonlinear and deterministic electrical power oscillations damping problem. Both families of methods are based on the formulation of the control problem as a discrete-time optimal control problem. The considered MPC approach exploits an analytical model of the system dynamics and cost function and computes open-loop policies by applying an interior-point solver to a minimization problem in which the system dynamics are represented by equality constraints. The considered RL approach infers in a model-free way closed-loop policies from a set of system trajectories and instantaneous cost values by solving a sequence of batch-mode supervised learning problems. The results obtained provide insight into the pros and cons of the two approaches and show that RL may certainly be competitive with MPC even in contexts where a good deterministic system model is available.
Antitumor activity of cytidine dialdehyde and its effects on nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis. (1980)

Cytidine dialdehyde inhibited the growth of leukemia L1210 cells in culture at a 50% inhibitory concentration of 3.5 X 10(-5) M and, when administered i.p. at 200 mg/kg daily for 5 days, increased the mean survival of L1210 tumor-bearing mice by up to 171%. Given by the s.c. or i.v. routes, the compound was ineffective. The ethanol adduct of cytidine dialdehyde, although inactive in cell culture, increased the mean survival of L1210 tumor-bearing mice by up to 225% when administered i.p. but was inactive upon s.c. administration. Exposure of L1210 cells in culture for 25 hr to cytidine dialdehyde at the 50% inhibitory concentration increased the ribonucleoside di- and triphosphate pools, slightly increased deoxyadenosine triphosphate, deoxythymidine triphosphate, and deoxyguanosine triphosphate pools, and caused a pronounced increase in the deoxycytidine triphosphate pool. As determined by the rate of pyrimidine precursor incorporation into nucleic acids, this concentration of drug showed no effect on RNA synthesis but caused a reduction in DNA synthesis to 53% of control. Exposure of L1210 cells for 3 to 6 hr to 10(-4) M cytidine dialdehyde, a concentration which inhibits growth completely, effected an increase in the ribonucleoside di- and triphosphate pools and a rapid decrease of the deoxythymidine triphosphate pool. The deoxycytidine triphosphate and deoxyguanosine triphosphate pools decreased more slowly, and the deoxyadenosine triphosphate pool remained slightly elevated. Analysis of the rate of substrate incorporation into nucleic acids showed that this concentration of drug produced an 80% decrease in RNA synthesis and a 75% decrease in DNA synthesis 3 hr after drug exposure. These results suggest that the mechanism of action of cytidine dialdehyde may be due to its initial interference with DNA synthesis followed by a generalized inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis at cytotoxic concentrations.
Alternatives to the Use of Estrogen in Postmenopausal Women (1999)

I. Introduction II. Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease A. Estrogens and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease B. Comparison of statins with estrogens for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease C. Effects of statins on new coronary events and survival D. Other agents with potential for prevention of cardiovascular disease E. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease III. Prevention and Treatment of Osteoporosis A. Estrogen therapy for osteoporosis B. Bisphosphonates for prevention of osteoporosis C. Nasal calcitonin for osteoporosis D. SERMs for prevention of osteoporosis E. Comparison among therapeutic agents for treatment of osteoporosis IV. Urogenital Atrophy V. Vasomotor Instability A. Alternative/herbal therapy VI. Central Nervous System (CNS) Symptoms VII. Safety and Side Effects of Alternatives to Estrogen VIII. Conclusions
A Paradigm in Rotary Steerable Drilling - Market Demands Drive a New Solution (2019)

Abstract This paper reviews how the Rotary Steerable System (RSS) market has changed over the last two decades. It explores current market forces; specifically the shift in RSS philosophy resulting from ever-improving motor steerable technology. It describes how the need for longer laterals with minimal tortuosity, maximum drilling efficiency, reduced risk of unplanned events, and elimination of AFE overspend, along with the paradigm shift in the directional drilling market seen since 2014, drove the specification for a new-generation RSS tool. The paper describes the development of a new RSS with a topology and control concept that allows full proportional control of bias from a fully rotating, push-the-bit tool, with the ability to "turn off" any bias during operations where side force is undesirable and to minimize potential tortuosity. It describes how the design team focused on modular design and rapid turn around of tools, in order to maximize utilization and efficiency. Field-test results are included, which demonstrate build and turn at up to 10°/100 ft. and the ability to drill accurate lateral sections. Field results also include the use of ultrasonic imaging while drilling to investigate hole quality.
Automatic multi-state load profile identification with application to energy disaggregation (2017)

Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring can greatly benefit the Smart Buildings for energy awareness, while reducing cost and avoiding intrusive technology. This paper presents a generic algorithm for extracting the main power states of electrical appliances. The method is based on iterative K-mean clustering that is applied on historical plug-level active power data. The resulting multi-state load profile identification module is then integrated within an existing Building Management System for outlet-level energy disaggregation. Factorial Hidden Markov Modelling models the plugged appliances for low-frequency power disaggregation purposes, and incorporates the extracted set of appliances states. The solution was validated using the ECO dataset and NILM-Eval toolbox, allowing a comparison with standard binary ON/OFF modelling. It showed that the multi-state modelling significantly reduces the RMS error of the inferred power signals, yet at the expense of a higher computing time. Moreover, given a small set of appliances, the total inferred energy may be evaluated more precisely, leading to an enhancement of the quality of user energy feedback.
Abstract B163: Pharmacokinetic analysis and preclinical evaluation of the SMAC mimetic TL32711 in an orthotopic human breast tumor xenograft model (2009)

Abstract Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) are cellular proteins that prevent cell death by apoptosis and are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells resulting in elevated levels leading to cancer survival and progression. Currently we are developing a class of compounds called SMAC mimetics that reverse the effects of IAPs including XIAP, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 and ML-IAP causing cancer cells to undergo apoptosis in a broad range of tumor types. TL32711 is a SMAC mimetic which has demonstrated potent and selective activity in several human tumor cell lines as well as in vitro inhibition of IAP target proteins. To determine translational effects in vivo, we evaluated PK/PD and single agent antitumor activity of TL32711 in an orthotopic human breast tumor xenograft model. Single agent toxicity as well as tumor growth inhibition, delay and regression were monitored in the study. The designated endpoint for the efficacy experiment was a mean control tumor volume of approximately 1 cm3. TL32711 administered by intravenous injection on a q3dx5 schedule was well tolerated up to 10 mg/kg alone, the highest dose tested. The minimal effective dose was determined to be 1.25 mg/kg. When tumors were allowed to grow to 260 mm3 prior to initiation of treatment, the treatment effect was not diminished. PK/PD analysis of TL32711 found a longer half-life of TL32711 in tumor compared to normal tissue and a time and dose dependent inhibition of the target protein cIAP-1. The effects on the cIAP-1 target were in good agreement with the tissues levels measured using a LC/MS method. TL32711 was not found to cross the blood brain barrier in this analysis. Results from these studies confirm translational effects of TL32711 in a preclinical model of human breast cancer. In addition, PK/PD analysis demonstrated dose and time dependent target inhibition in vivo and decreased half life in tumor tissue. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B163.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLO(3,4‐C)PYRAZOLE DERIVATIVES BY INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLOADDITION OF NITRILE IMINES (1976)

Abstract Acetoacetamide (I) werden mit Sulfurylchlorid zu (II) chloriert und dann mit p‐Chlorphenyl‐diazoniumchlorid (III) zu den Hydrazonen (IV) substituiert.
Expression of sialyl lewis X, sialyl Lewis A, E-cadherin and cathepsin-D in human breast cancer: immunohistochemical analysis in mammary carcinoma in situ, invasive carcinomas and their lymph node metastasis. (2005)

Combined analysis of tumor antigens involved in adhesion of breast cancer cells showed a negative correlation between Sialyl Lewis antigens and E-cadherin as the risk of metastasis progresses. Furthermore, there were significant differences of expression of the Sialyl Lewis antigens, E-cadherin and Cathepsin-D in primary breast cancer cells and their metastases. Evaluation of a panel of markers involved in cell adhesion could be a useful method for defining the metastatic risk in breast cancer patients.
Quaternary Liquid Systems with Two Immiscible Liquid Pairs (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary Liquid Systems with Two Immiscible Liquid PairsYi-Chung Chang and R. W. MoultonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 10, 2350–2361Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50526a054RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Wiener spiking deconvolution and minimum-phase wavelets: A tutorial (1995)

While working on the problem of enemy missile fire prediction at MIT during World War II, Norbert Wiener developed a statistical process which separated radar signals from noise. The process was originally known as smoothing or Wiener prediction filtering. The inverse process of unsmoothing, or prediction error filtering, was called decomposition and was later termed deconvolution. Today, prediction error filtering is the most commonly used technique for processing reflection seismic data. Prediction error filtering can be classified as either spiking or predictive deconvolution. This tutorial explains spiking deconvolution and elucidates how the abstract mathematics used to design spiking filters are actually easy to understand. First, the convolution model upon which deconvolution theory is based is briefly reviewed. This model breaks down the seismic trace into individual components. Spiking deconvolution makes assumptions concerning each of these components. It is clearly shown how the required assumptions are interwoven with the mathematical development of spiking filter design. Finally, a few examples illustrate the importance of minimum phase wavelets for acceptable filter performance.
Facilitating secure ad hoc service discovery in public environments (2004)

Securely accessing unfamiliar services in public environments using ad hoc wireless networks is challenging. We present a proxy-based approach that uses other existing network channels to set up a secure and trust relationship between communication parties to facilitate ad hoc wireless communications. Based on a service discovery protocol, our models achieve secure, trusted, anonymous, efficient, and economical communications between unfamiliar parties. Our protocols are formally verified using BAN logic.
Sintered Diamond: A Synthetic Carbonado (1970)

Diamond powder is rapidly sintered into molded shapes at a pressure of about 65 kilobars and a temperature of 2500 degrees Kelvin. Other conditions of pressure and temperature are also suitable. The product compares favorably with natural carbonado in its properties.
An Experimental Deployment of a Portable Inflatable Habitat in Open Water to Augment Lengthy In-Water Decompression by Scientific Divers (2013)

Abstract Undersea living in the science community has effectively risen and fallen within the last half century. The paradigm of residing on the seafloor within a fixed, permanent structure, while body tissues are saturated with inert breathing gasses, provides for extended-duration excursions from such a structure, although limits geographical productivity to within reasonable proximity of the habitat structure itself. Saturation diving exploration with science motives provided an exciting opportunity during the 1960s and 1970s, with timing lending itself well to providing a sea-to-space analog for human residence in a remote and confined space, as the space race was underway. With limited saturation diving for science occurring presently, today’s marine science paradigm is trending toward advanced autonomous diving technologies and techniques, including mixed-gas use, rebreathers, and staged decompression. These emerging technologies afford an enhanced “commodity-style” approach to exploration, in which diving scientists can travel to any remote locale and spend longer durations underwater than they can with the previous and more common paradigm of lightweight, travel-friendly, conventional open-circuit scuba (using air as the breathing medium). Amiss in the new paradigm is the practical extension of depth. This is well within reach with the use of emerging technologies; however, end-users are often dissuaded from the incurrence of lengthy decompression (exposure to the marine environment during what is effectively an extended idle time) that is required when scientists return from relatively short working periods at extended depths. In an effort to address these issues, we describe here the development and experimental deployment of a new class of portable inflatable underwater habitats that provide for rapid deployments, free from surface support augmentation requirements typical of the existing alternatives for lengthy decompression dives. In the context of vastly expanding the commodity-style diving requirements of today’s marine scientist and engineers, particularly in terms of increased depth and duration, we also discuss the further research and development applications that these habitats make possible.