gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fifth-Order Continuous-Time Delta-Sigma Modulator With Single-Opamp Resonator (2011)

Conventional continuous-time (CT) delta-sigma (ΔΣ) analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) consume large amount of power in operational amplifiers of a loop-filter. We propose a new loop-filter with single-opamp resonator, ringing-relaxation filter and passive resistor adder to lower power consumption. These three techniques are essential for designing high-order delta sigma modulators with low oversampling ratio. Because the new resonator reduces the number of opamps, the resistor adder displaces a conventional active adder and the ringing-relaxation filter alleviates the burden on the first opamp by reducing its gain bandwidth, FOM is greatly improved. To demonstrate the concept, 300 MHz, fifth-order low-pass, 3-bit CTΔΣ ADC of single feedback with feedforward architecture was implemented in a 1.1 V, 110 nm 1P6M CMOS process. An SNR of 68.2 dB and an SNDR of 62.5 dB were measured in a 10 MHz bandwidth and FOM was 0.24 pJ/conv.
Silicone and scleroderma revisited (2012)

Silicone, a synthetic polymer considered to be a biologically inert substance, is used in a multitude of medical products, the most publicly recognized of which are breast implants. Silicone breast implants have been in use since the early 1960s for cosmetic and reconstructive purposes, and reports of autoimmune disease-like syndromes began appearing in the medical literature soon thereafter. Over the previous year, silicone implants have been suggested as playing a role in a new syndrome that encompasses a wide array of immune-related manifestations, termed ASIA ('Autoimmune Syndrome Induced by Adjuvant'). Scleroderma, a relatively rare connective tissue disease with skin manifestations and systemic effects, has also been described in association with silicone implantation and rupture. However, epidemiological studies and meta-analyses have failed to corroborate the clinical impression of silicone-induced scleroderma. The following review describes the mechanisms by which silicone may mediate autoimmunity in general, as well as the evidence for causal associations with more specific autoimmune syndromes in general, and scleroderma in particular.
Auditory representations of acoustic signals (1992)

An analytically tractable framework is presented to describe mechanical and neural processing in the early stages of the auditory system. Algorithms are developed to assess the integrity of the acoustic spectrum at all processing stages. The algorithms employ wavelet representations, multiresolution processing, and the method of convex projections to construct a close replica of the input stimulus. Reconstructions using natural speech sounds demonstrate minimal loss of information along the auditory pathway. Close inspection of the final auditory patterns reveals spectral enhancements and noise suppression that have close perceptual correlates. The functional significance of the various auditory processing stages is discussed in light of the model, together with their potential applications in automatic speech recognition and low bit-rate data compression.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hierarchical specification-driven analog fault modeling for efficient fault simulation and diagnosis (2002)

In this paper we discuss the capabilities of the MiST PROFIT (Mixed Signal Test Program for Fault Insertion and Testing) software for hierarchical fault modeling, tolerance modeling, fault clustering and fault diagnosis of complex mixed-signal systems. The software is designed to exploit the relationships between high level system specifications and module-level faults in complex and nonlinear mixed signal systems. Hierarchical simulation based methods are used to capture fault effects at different levels of circuit abstraction. The key features of our approach are: (a) the ability to compute tolerance effects from nonlinear behavioral models at different levels of circuit design hierarchy accurately using low-cost simulation based methods, (b) the ability to perform compaction of fault effects while transferring fault effects from the leaf cells to the highest level behavioral models, (c) the ability to capture parametric (soft) failure effects over the entire anticipated range of faulty parameter values and (d) the ability to construct fault dictionaries given a set of least replaceable units to diagnose.
Digital holography (1971)

The basic techniques in generating and reconstructing holograms on a digital computer are described. Some applications of computer holography, including optical spatial filtering and the testing of optical surfaces, are discussed. Finally, the results on the effects of sampling and quantizing holograms are reviewed.
Direct Asymmetric Epoxidation of Aldehydes Using Catalytic Amounts of Enantiomerically Pure Sulfides (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDirect Asymmetric Epoxidation of Aldehydes Using Catalytic Amounts of Enantiomerically Pure SulfidesVarinder K. Aggarwal, J. Gair Ford, Alison Thompson, Ray V. H. Jones, and Mike C. H. StandenView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield Sheffield S3 7HF, England Process Technology Department Zeneca Manufacturing Partnership, Earls Road Grangemouth, Stirlingshire FK3 8XG, U.K. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 29, 7004–7005Publication Date (Web):July 24, 1996Publication History Received8 April 1996Published online24 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961144+Copyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1487Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (92 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Ethers,Stereoselectivity,Sulfides,Sulfur Get e-Alerts
Discovery of structural alterations in solid tumor oligodendroglioma by single molecule analysis (2013)

The Optical Mapping system provides a rich description of the complex genomes of solid tumors, including sequence level aberrations, structural alterations and copy number variants that power generation of functional hypotheses for oligodendroglioma genetics.
Ultrafast Hot Electron Induced Phase Transitions in Vanadium Dioxide (2013)

The Au/Cr/VO2/Si system was investigated in pump–probe experiments. Hot-electrons generated in the Au were found to penetrate into the underlying VO2 and couple with its lattice inducing a semiconductor-to-metal phase transition in ~2 picoseconds.
Simultaneous compensation of previous sample and slope dependent errors in analog to digital converters (1999)

Compensation of analog to digital converters (ADCs) has historically been concerned with choosing the dominant error mechanism and then compensating based on the one error mechanism. Compensating on only one error mechanism presents a problem when the dominant error mechanism changes with frequency. This paper presents a way to confront multiple error mechanisms at once and successfully compensate across the full band. Two error mechanisms addressed here are previous sample and signal slope dependent errors. This paper presents a model for error and estimates the error from the harmonics in the spectrum of the calibration signal. The error present in the fundamental component is treated as additional unknowns in the error estimate. Compensation of a simulated ADC resulted in a complete removal of all previous sample and slope dependent error. Hardware results were almost as impressive, showing gains in spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) of up to 17 dB.
Bacterial infections of respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosae (1988)

P.S. Richardson: The function of the airway mucosa John Beinenstock: The nature of immunity at mucosal surfaces - a brief review A. Baskerville: Pathogenic mechanisms in Legionella pneumophila infection R. Wilson & E.R. Moxon: Molecular mechanisms of Haemophilus influenzae pathogenicity in the respiratory tract Alistair C. Wardlow: Virulence factors and species specifity in Bordetella W. Donachie: Pasteurella haemolytica as a respiratory tract pathogen of sheep John R.W. Govan: Alginate biosynthesis and other unusual characteristics associated with the pathogenesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in cystic fibrosis Ove Lundgren: Factors controlling absorption and secretion in the small intestine J.B. Kaper & C.O. Tacket: Recent advances in enterotoxigenic, enterohaemorrhagic and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli R.J. Sansonetti, B. Baudry, P. Clerc, A.T. Maurelli, X. Nassif & A. Ryter: Comparative strategies of infection by enteroinvasive bacteria J. Stephen & M.P. Osborne: Pathophysiological mechanisms in dairrhoeal disease J. Holmgren & A.M. Svennerholm: Practical aspects of protection at mucosal surfaces: Oral vaccines against cholera and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli diarrhoea
Efficient implementation of rigorous coupled-wave analysis for surface-relief gratings (1995)

A computationally efficient implementation of rigorous coupled-wave analysis is presented. The eigenvalue problem for a one-dimensional grating in a conical mounting is reduced to two eigenvalue problems in the corresponding nonconical mounting. This reduction yields two n × n matrices to solve for eigenvalues and eigenvectors, where n is the number of orders retained in the computation. For a two-dimensional grating, the size of the matrix in the eigenvalue problem is reduced to 2n × 2n. These simplifications reduce the computation time for the eigenvalue problem by 8–32 times compared with the original computation time. In addition, we show that with rigorous coupled-wave analysis one analytically satisfies reciprocity by retaining the appropriate choice of spatial harmonics in the analysis. Numerical examples are given for metallic lamellar gratings, pulse-width-modulated gratings, deep continuous surface-relief gratings, and two-dimensional gratings.
1,2,3‐Triazolo[1,5‐<i>c</i>]pyrimidine, a novel heterocycle in the polyazaindolizine series (1978)

Abstract The synthesis and struetural properties of the novel heterocycle 1,2,3‐triazolo[1,5‐ c ]pyrimidine are described. No evidence of a triazole‐diazoalkylideneazine valence tautomerism process was observed at room temperature.
Thermal comfort under an extended range of environmental conditions (1986)

This paper describes the development of a chart in which lines of equal comfort are plotted across a wide range of environmental conditions . The chart can be used in the design of outdoor spaces and buildings where air velocity and radiant fields are outside their normal indoor ranges . The basis of the chart is the comfort index DISC, as predicted by the J.B . Pierce Foundation Laboratory two-node thermophysiological model . DISC is a function of skin temperature in cold conditions and of skin wettedness alone in hot conditions . It shows a greater sensitivity to humidity in hot conditions than does ET's . Examples of the chart are given for two clothing levels .
IN‐SITU INVESTIGATION OF SEISMIC BODY WAVE ATTENUATION IN HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA* (1982)

A bstract Field experiments have been carried out to study the nature and magnitude of seismic wave attenuation for a variety of lithologies. In each survey two three‐component sets of geophones with wall clamping mechanisms were lowered down boreholes and signals originating from surface compressional and shear‐wave sources were recorded. The data collected were corrected for spherical divergence and analyzed to determine intrinsic attenuation. For situations of anomalous wavefront expansion and in cases where multiple reflection losses may be significant, corrections were supplied by a synthetic seismogram programme to improve the estimates of intrinsic attenuation. Values of attenuation were obtained for pure sandstone, sandstone‐marl sequences and fissured‐unfissured chalk sequences. These formations were all near surface and relatively porous. Significant differences in the relative values of compressional and shear‐wave attenuation in the various lithologies were noted. In particular compressional absorption in the fissured zones of chalk was twice the absorption associated with the seismic velocities and the absorption of shear waves fluctuated much less. A large contrast in P‐wave attenuation was also observed between pure Bunter Sandstone and the sandstone‐marl sequence (absorption was over three times as small in the former). A smaller contrast was noted for shear attenuation. The results obtained suggest that, for the relatively homogeneous formations such as pure sandstone and “unfissured” chalk, “shear” absorption was dominant over “bulk” absorption. In contrast bulk absorption was larger than shear absorption for other formations, e.g. the “fissured” chalk sequences and a “partially saturated” chalk section. Attenuation was found to be approximately proportional to frequency in all experiments.
Anti-CD137 mAb Deletes Both Donor CD4<sup>+</sup>and CD8<sup>+</sup>T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-host Disease (2011)

We previously demonstrated that in vivo engagement of CD137, a member of TNF receptor superfamily, can delete allorective CD4(+) T cells through the induction of activation-induced cell death (AICD) in chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and subsequently reverse established cGVHD. In this study, we further showed that agonistic anti-CD137 mAb was highly effective in triggering AICD of donor CD8(+) T cells as well as donor CD4(+) T cells in the C57BL/6→unirradiated (C57BL/6 × DBA/2)F1 acute GVHD model. Our results suggest that strong allostimulation should facilitate AICD of both alloreactive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells induced by CD137 stimulation. Therefore, depletion of pathogenic T cells using agonistic anti-CD137 mAb combined with potent TCR stimulation may be used to block autoimmune or inflammatory diseases mediated by T cells.
Integrin-Associated Protein Binding Domain of Thrombospondin-1 Enhances Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Signaling in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells (2003)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) stimulates vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and migration. The response of smooth muscle cells to IGF-I is determined not only by activation of the IGF-I receptor but also by at least three other transmembrane proteins, alphaVbeta3, integrin-associated protein (IAP), and SHPS-1. This regulation seems to be attributable to their ability to regulate the transfer of SHP-2 phosphatase, a key component of IGF-I signaling. Ligand occupancy of SHPS-1 with IAP is required for the recruitment and transfer of SHP-2 and subsequent signaling in response to IGF-I. The extracellular matrix protein thrombospondin-1 stimulates an increase in the cell proliferation response to IGF-I. Because thrombospondin-1 is a ligand for IAP, we wished to determine whether the enhancing effect of thrombospondin-1 was mediated through IAP binding. To examine the effect of thrombospondin-1 binding to IAP, we used a peptide termed 4N1K derived from the IAP binding site of thrombospondin-1. Preincubation with 4N1K increased IGF-I-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and DNA synthesis. This enhancement seemed to be attributable to its ability to increase the duration of IGF-I-stimulated receptor and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) phosphorylation. Preincubation with 4N1K delayed IGF-I stimulation of SHPS-1 phosphorylation (attributable to an alteration in IAP-SHPS-1 interaction), resulting in a delay in SHP-2 recruitment. This delay in SHP-2 transfer seems to account for the increase in the duration of IGF-I receptor phosphorylation and for enhanced downstream signaling. These observations support the conclusion that thrombospondin-1 and IGF-I seem to function coordinately in stimulating smooth muscle proliferation via the thrombospondin-1 interaction with IAP.
Field Performance of Cottons Expressing Transgenic CryIA Insecticidal Proteins for Resistance to Heliothis virescens and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) (1996)

Transgenic cotton plants (BTK lines), carrying a gene construction that codes for the CryIA(b) or CryIA(c) 8-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis variety kurstaki were evaluated in the field for resistance to naturally occurring tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), bollworm, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner). Five BTK lines (each line was an independent insertion event) were evaluated in 1990 and 6 in 1991. Also 2 nontransgenic commercial cultivars, 'Coker 312', the explant source cultivar for the BTK lines, and an adapted cultivar, 'Stoneville 453', were evaluated. A split-plot design was used with lepidopteran control as the main plot and cotton lines as the subplots. Main plot treatments were weekly spray applications of insecticide for lepidopteran control during 8 or 9 wk of the growing season, or no insecticidal sprays for lepidopteran control. The season mean numbers of tobacco budworm and bollworm larvae on plant mainstem terminals, flower buds and capsels, and the percentage of flower buds and capsels injured were lower for all BTK lines, in sprayed and unsprayed plots, than for the 2 non transgenic cultivars. Averaged over both years, the season mean percent injury in plots of the unsprayed Coker 312 was =23% of the flower buds and 12% of the capsels. In unsprayed plots of the BTK lines, the season mean percent injury was =2.3 of the flower buds and 1.1 of the capsels. In unsprayed plots, the number of cabbage looper larvae and the amount of cabbage looper feeding injury to leaves also was lower on the BTK lines compared with the 2 nontransgenic cultivars. Using the recommended treatment thresholds for tobacco budworm and bollworm of 8-15% injured flower buds, none of the BTK lines would have been treated, whereas injury in the 2 nontransgenic cultivars would have required multiple insecticide applications. Averaged over both years, the yield of unsprayed Coker 312 was 1,050 kglha and the average of all the unsprayed BTK lines was 1,460 kglha. Expression of these cryIA genes in Coker 312 cotton resulted in greater yield, 408 kglha, 38.8%, in the presence of lepidopteran pests. The use of these insectresistant BTK lines or equally efficacious commercial BTK cultivars in production agriculture should reduce insecticide applications for tobacco budworm, bollworm, and cabbage looper while increasing farm profit and opportunities for the use of biological control.
Early Experience with the Duraphase Penile Prosthesis (1990)

A retrospective review of the medical records of 26 consecutive patients who underwent surgical implantation of the DuraPhase penile prosthesis for erectile impotence was performed. In addition, telephone interviews were used to evaluate patient and partner satisfaction with the device. Average patient age was 61 years. The presumed etiology of erectile dysfunction was vascular in 19 patients, postoperative in 4 and neurogenic in 3. Followup averaged 5 months (range 1 to 15 months). Sixteen patients and partners with a minimum of 3 months of followup were evaluated for satisfaction with the device. On a scale of 1 to 10 the average patient score was 8.6 and the average partner score was 9. Our early experience with the DuraPhase penile prosthesis has been favorable. Surgical insertion is simple, and patient and partner satisfaction has been superior. The device functions easily, can be well concealed and has excellent axial rigidity for intercourse.
The Alternative Sigma Factor AlgT Represses<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>Flagellum Biosynthesis by Inhibiting Expression of<i>fleQ</i> (2005)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa poses a serious risk in individuals suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). Strains colonizing the CF lung are generally motile but frequently convert to a nonmotile phenotype as the disease progresses. In many cases, this is coordinately regulated with the overproduction of the exopolysaccharide alginate. Both the expression of alginate (mucoidy) and the loss of flagellum synthesis may provide the bacterium with a selective advantage in the CF lung. Previously published data showed that the regulation of alginate production and flagellum biosynthesis in the CF isolate FRD1 is inversely controlled by the alternative sigma factor AlgT. In this study, we observed that in CF isolates, the mucoid and the nonmotile phenotypes occur predominantly together. Using microarrays, we compared the transcriptomes of isogenic AlgT(+) and AlgT(-) P. aeruginosa and discovered that AlgT significantly downregulated the majority of flagellar genes. A pronounced inhibitory effect was observed in several genes essential for proper flagellum expression, including fleQ, which encodes an essential flagellar regulator. The microarray data were confirmed by reverse transcriptase PCR analysis and promoter fusion assays in isogenic AlgT(+) and AlgT(-) strains. Transmission electron microscopy, motility assays, and Western blots showed that ectopic expression of FleQ in mucoid, nonmotile CF isolates restored flagellum biosynthesis and motility. Together, these data show that AlgT mediates the negative control of flagellum expression by inhibiting the expression of the flagellar regulator fleQ.
Vowel Alternation in the Spanish-ir Verbs (1971)

bothered at some time or other by the problem of learning where to change an e into an ie or an i in verbs of the-ir conjugation. This vowel alternation is one of the striking features of this conjugation, and takes two forms: the alternation between e and
The phenomenon of toxin secretion by vibrios and aeromonads. (1991)

Vibrio and Aeromonas species have a remarkable ability to secrete extracellular proteins, including toxins, haemagglutinins and other virulence factors. Here we discuss the pathways and potential mechanisms of toxin secretion through the double-membraned envelopes which surround these organisms.
<title>Pose and motion estimation using dual quaternion-based extended Kalman filtering</title> (1998)

A solution to the remote three-dimensional (3-D) measurement problem is presented for a dynamic system given a sequence of two-dimensional (2-D) intensity images of a moving object. The 3-D transformation is modeled as a nonlinear stochastic system with the state estimate providing the six-degree-of-freedom motion and position values as well as structure. The stochastic model uses the iterated extended Kalman filter (IEKF) as a nonlinear estimator and a screw representation of the 3-D transformation based on dual quaternions. Dual quaternions, whose elements are dual numbers, provide a means to represent both rotation and translation in a unified notation. Linear object features, represented as dual vectors, are transformed using the dual quaternion transformation and are then projected to linear features in the image plane. The method has been implemented and tested with both simulated and actual experimental data. Simulation results are provided, along with comparisons to a point-based IEKF method using rotation and translation, to show the relative advantages of this method. Experimental results from testing using a camera mounted on the end effector of a robot arm are also given.