gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature extraction using autocorrelation function for radar emitter signals (2011)

In this paper, an approach for intra-pulse feature extraction of radar emitter signals is proposed based on the autocorrelation function (ACF) for first differencing. The envelop features, which can highlight the differences in modulation information of radar emitter signals, are extracted from autocorrelation function of first difference transformation. In order to reduce the dimensions of envelop feature set and heighten the sorting rate of radar emitter signals, the criterion adopted degree of separability to select optimal feature subset. Computer simulations show that the features of seven typical radar emitter signals extracted by autocorrelation function have good performance of anti-noise and clustering when SNR varies from -5dB to 0dB.
Regio- and enantioselectivity of soybean fatty acid epoxide hydrolase. (1992)

Soluble epoxide hydrolase purified from soybean catalyzes trans-addition of water across the oxirane ring of cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid with inversion of configuration at the attacked carbon, yielding threo-9,10-dihydroxystearic acid. Kinetic analyses of the progress curves, obtained at low substrate concentrations (i.e. [S] much less than Km), and determination of the enantiomeric excess of the residual substrate by chiral-phase high-performance liquid chromatography at different reaction times, indicate that the epoxide hydrolase hydrates preferentially cis-9R, 10S-epoxystearic acid (V/Km ratio, approximately 20). Interestingly, this enantiomer is obtained by epoxidation of oleic acid catalyzed by peroxygenase, a hydroperoxide-dependent oxidase, we have previously described in soybean (Blée, E., and Schuber, F. (1990) J.Biol. Chem. 265, 12887-12894). For the epoxide hydrolase to show high enantioselectivity there must be a free carboxylic acid functionality on the substrate which probably influences its positioning within the active site. This selectivity, which in principle can be used for kinetic resolution of the cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid enantiomers, is much reduced with methyl cis-9,10-epoxystearate. 18O-Labeling experiments indicate that water attacks both cis-9,10-epoxystearic acid enantiomers on the oxirane carbon which has the S-chirality. Results show that soybean epoxide hydrolase produces exclusively threo-9R,10R-dihydroxystearic acid, i.e. a naturally occurring metabolite in higher plants. cis-9,10-Epoxy-18-hydroxystearic acid, a cutin monomer, was a poorer substrate of the epoxide hydrolase than 9,10-epoxystearic acid (V/Km ratio for the preferred enantiomers, approximately 19). From a physiological point of view, peroxygenase and this newly described epoxide hydrolase could be responsible, in vivo, for the biosynthesis of a class of oxygenated fatty acid compounds known to be involved in cutin monomers production and in plant defense mechanisms.
The top five profit drains and how to plug them (2003)

Focuses on profit drains and how to stem them as they can be camouflaged in the midst of usual, everyday occurrences. Goes on to list the five most critical as: customer complaints; lack of innovation; annuity compensation programs, efficiency through standardization, and looking inside out. Explains these in full and, further, gives traps to avoid and steps to take. Summarizes that to ignore profit drains not only threatens a company’s profitability but also its long‐term survival.
Onion Cultivars Differ in Pungency and Bulb Quality Changes during Storage (1997)

Pungency and bulb quality changes during storage were evaluated using onion ( Allium cepa L.) cultivars representing different storage abilities, pungency, and soluble solids content. Bulbs were harvested from greenhouse-grown plants, cured, and stored for 3 or 6 months at 5 ± 3 °C, 80% ± 5% relative humidity (0.8 to 1.1 kPa vapor pressure deficit). Prior to storage, and after each month of storage, bulbs were evaluated for pungency by measuring enzymatically formed pyruvic acid (EPY), soluble solids content (SSC), percent loss in mass (%ML), and loss of dormancy. Pungency differed among cultivars prior to and during storage. Among short-day (SD) cultivars, EPY either decreased or increased linearly with increased storage duration. Among intermediate (ID)- and long-day (LD) cultivars, EPY decreased linearly or quadratically during storage. Short-day cultivar SSC increased, then decreased quadratically during storage, while ID and LD cultivar SSC decreased linearly over time. Percent loss in mass increased linearly during storage among all cultivars, although SD cultivars exhibited greater %ML than did ID or LD cultivars.
Preservation and collection of biological evidence. (2001)

As the courts have placed greater emphasis on physical evidence during the past few decades, the initial stages of evidence examination have become increasingly important to the successful resolution of many criminal investigations. This emphasis on evidence collection and preservation is often manifested by many rigorous court challenges. This article reviews how the ability to introduce DNA test results in court is affected by methods used to recognize, document, collect, and preserve biological evidence.
Secundum Atrial Septal Defect (1976)

A 17-year-old girl had clinical and cardiac catheterization findings compatible with a secundum atrial septal defect. During cardiac catheterization, the atrial septal defect was sized and closed using a transvenous umbrella technique.
Using the Transient Response of WO3 Nanoneedles under Pulsed UV Light in the Detection of NH3 and NO2 (2018)

Here we report on the use of pulsed UV light for activating the gas sensing response of metal oxides. Under pulsed UV light, the resistance of metal oxides presents a ripple due to light-induced transient adsorption and desorption phenomena. This methodology has been applied to tungsten oxide nanoneedle gas sensors operated either at room temperature or under mild heating (50 °C or 100 °C). It has been found that by analyzing the rate of resistance change caused by pulsed UV light, a fast determination of gas concentration is achieved (ten-fold improvement in response time). The technique is useful for detecting both oxidizing (NO₂) and reducing (NH₃) gases, even in the presence of different levels of ambient humidity. Room temperature operated sensors under pulsed UV light show good response towards ammonia and nitrogen dioxide at low power consumption levels. Increasing their operating temperature to 50 °C or 100 °C has the effect of further increasing sensitivity.
Interaction of von Willebrand Factor with<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1997)

Intravascular infection due to Staphylococcus aureus requires colonization of subendothelium in the presence of shear forces. von Willebrand factor (VWF) is a large multimeric glycoprotein playing a key role in platelet adhesion to subendothelium. To determine whether VWF may also play a role in adhesion of S. aureus to endovascular sites, binding of VWF to S. aureus and adhesion of S. aureus to VWF-adsorbed substrates was examined. Binding isotherms revealed a dose-dependent reaction of purified VWF with S. aureus Cowan 1 as well as VWF binding to other S. aureus strains. On solid phase, VWF showed saturable adsorption kinetics to polymethylmethacrylate and promoted S. aureus adhesion up to 67-fold in a trypsin-sensitive reaction. Similar adhesion promotion was observed when recombinant VWF was used. These results show that VWF interacts with S. aureus in suspension and promotes S. aureus adhesion to surfaces, suggesting a role of VWF in the pathogenesis of intravascular S. aureus infections.
Process Considerations in 3D Hand Anthropometric Data Collection (2018)

Traditional hand anthropometric studies are missing several key measurements that are important to designing products and tools for the hand. Specific anthropometric hand data important for hand product design such as gloves include finger lengths, crotch depths, palm and padding, back of hand, and wrist opening; these measurements can improve dexterity, gripping, hand entry, adduction, abduction, squeezing, etc. in the design. The purpose of this paper was to develop a process and special considerations for 3D hand scanning that could help guide future researchers when conducting more robust 3D anthropometric studies for the hand, as related to product design.
Synthesis and resolution of 3-substituted morpholine appetite suppressants and chiral synthesis via O-arylhomoserines (1987)

The synthesis and resolution of potential appetite suppressant 3-(2-aryloxyethyl)morpholines is described. Assignment of the absolute configuration of the resolved enantiomers is based on a chiral synthesis from O-phenylhomoserines of known configuration. Appetite suppressant effects in dogs are briefly reported.
Distribution of fibronectin isoforms in human renal disease (2001)

Fibronectin (FN) is an extracellular matrix component which appears in different isoforms, due to alternative mRNA splicing of the ED-A, ED-B, and IIICS regions, and subsequent post-translational modifications. The FN isoforms, some of which occur specifically during fetal development and in fibrogenic diseases, have been reported to play a role in various biological functions, such as regulation of the matrix assembly, adhesion, and proliferation. The contribution of these FN isoforms to the pathogenesis of chronic renal diseases, which are also fibrogenic disorders, is not well known. This study therefore examined the distribution of FN isoforms in renal diseases by immunohistochemistry, with a panel of isoform-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), applied to 63 abnormal renal biopsies and ten normal controls. Normal kidneys contained total FN (MAb IST4) both in the mesangial and in the interstitial extracellular matrix (ECM), but only traces of ED-A-positive FN (MAb IST9), and no ED-B-positive FN (MAb BC1) or oncofetal FN (MAb FDC6) was found in normal renal tissue. All patients with renal disease demonstrated increased total FN staining of the interstitium and the mesangium. Periglomerular fibrotic lesions and fibrous crescents showed massive accumulation of total FN, whereas the amount of total FN in the ECM of obsolescent glomeruli was decreased, compared with that in normal mesangial ECM. Oncofetal (FDC6), EDB-negative (MAb IST6), ED-A-positive, and ED-B-positive FN isoforms were found in glomerular ECM accumulations and in fibrous crescents. Tubulointerstitial fibrotic lesions predominantly contained the ED-A-positive FN isoform, whereas in globally sclerotic glomeruli, predominantly ED-B-positive FN was observed. The expression of FN isoforms was similar in all renal diseases studied. These results show that in various renal diseases, oncofetal (FDC6) FN and ED-A- and ED-B-positive isoforms of FN accumulate at locations of chronic lesions, independently of the aetiology of the disease. The deposition of these isoforms in human renal tissue may play a role in the modulation of the immune response by attracting monocytes and lymphocytes to the injured kidney. Furthermore, because the ED-B-positive FN isoform is highly susceptible to proteolytic degradation, its accumulation may play a role in scar formation and tissue repair. ED-B-positive FN forms a temporary scaffold supporting the cells, which can easily be cleared by proteolytic degradation once new tissue has been produced at the site of injury. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Defect passivation induced strong photoluminescence enhancement of rhombic monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Growing high quality monolayer MoS2 with strong photoluminescence (PL) is essential to produce light-emitting devices on the atomic scale. In this study we show that rhombic monolayer MoS2 with PL intensity 8 times stronger than those of chemical vapour deposition (CVD)-grown triangular and mechanically exfoliated (ME) monolayer MoS2 can be prepared by using CVD. Both Raman and PL measurements indicate low density of defects in rhombic monolayer MoS2 with enhanced PL intensity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that passivation of defects in MoS2 removes trapping gap states, which may finally result in PL enhancement.
A LVQ-based neural network anti-spam email approach (2005)

Along with wide application of e-mail nowadays, many spam e-mails flood into people's email inboxes and bring catastrophe to their study and work. This paper presents a novel anti-spam e-mail filter based-LVQ network in terms of spam e-mails which are mainly made up of several kinds commercial or political spam emails at present. Our experiment has proved that the filter based on LVQ is superior to Bayes-based and BP-based approaches in total performances apparently.
Cellular Uptake of a Fluorescent Calix[4]arene Derivative (2008)

A rapid synthetic route to a nontoxic fluorescently labeled water-soluble calixarene has been developed. Investigation of the cellular uptake of the labeled calixarene, via confocal microscopy, through coincubation with uptake inhibitors demonstrates that uptake is not through the common clathrin coated pits or caveolae (lipid raft) endocytic pathways and that the calixarene derivative localizes within the cytoplasm and does not enter the nucleus. The study demonstrates the power of fluorescent labeling for investigation of interactions between calixarenes and biological systems and the potential for calixarene based intracellular imaging agents.
Free Flap Reexploration: Indications, Treatment, and Outcomes in 1193 Free Flaps (2007)

Microvascular free tissue transfer is a reliable reconstructive technique with low failure rates. Careful monitoring and urgent reexploration are critical for salvage of compromised flaps. The majority of venous thromboses can be salvaged. Arterial thromboses can be more problematic. An algorithm for flap exploration and salvage is presented.
Exploration and Development of the Online Learning System Based on the Course (2010)

The paper discusses the design idea, system structure and function of the online learning system based on the course. System provides a good platform for the student autonomous, collaborative and exploratory learning. This paper discusses in particular through the adoption of XML documents, setting the second module, because different courses have their own different characteristics. Database design also reflects the system's versatility for college courses.
Wafer-bonded bottom-emitting 850-nm VCSEL's on GaP substrates (1999)

Bottom-emitting 850-nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers were fabricated using wafer bonding technology to replace the absorbing GaAs substrates with transparent GaP substrates. Ohmic-like p-type GaAs-GaP bonded interfaces were obtained with proper bonding condition. The devices with 4×4 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> current aperture exhibit 24% external quantum efficiency, and threshold current as low as 400 μA. The threshold voltages range from 1.71 to 1.8 V for different aperture size devices.
Productivity Index and Measurable Reservoir Characteristics (1942)

The data in this paper show a relationship between measured productivityindex and certain commonly measured reservoir characteristics. Comparison ismade of theoretical radial flow assuming certain drainage radii and thetentative relationship shown by these data. Among the more importantmeasurements found to correlate with productivity index are permeability, formation thickness, oil viscosity at reservoir conditions, andformation-volume factor. Introduction The need for reliable means of predicting rates of fluid flow into wells hasbeen recognized for a number of years. As early as 1898, physical measurementsof the sand to determine productivity were described by Slichter and King as anaid in the determination of water supply. The United States Geological Surveyhas made frequent use of permeability measurements on samples of water sand toaid in predicting the rates of flow from wells, and practical applications ofpermeability data to problems of water-flooding have been made since 1932. It is now becoming widely recognized that the economics of well spacing andfield operations may be solved only after evaluation of several factorsinfluencing subsurface flow. A number of papers published during the past fewyears indicate the possibility of determining the productivity index of oilwells from permeability and other factors, but these contributions have dealtprimarily with the theoretical relationships involved and were not intended tofurnish results that could be used to determine a working equation forpredicting well performance from laboratory tests. In this paper, reliable determinations of productivity index are given for anumber of wells, together with some significant results from core analyses andbottom-hole sample analyses. T.P. 1467
Multi-Throw SPNT Circuits Using Phase-Change Material RF Switches for 5G and Millimeter Wave Applications (2021)

Here we report on multiple series-only SPNT circuits that utilize non-volatile phase-change material (PCM) radio-frequency (RF) switches: a single-pole, single-throw (SPST, SP1T), a single-pole, double-throw (SPDT, SP2T), a single-pole, four-throw (SP4T), and a single-pole, nine-throw (SP9T) circuit. All circuits were measured at both 25°C and 85°C and showed minimal change in insertion loss and isolation with an increase in temperature. A series-only architecture was utilized for all circuits due to the excellent figure-of-merit (FOM) of the unit device (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</inf> *C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</inf> less than 10 fs). The SP4T demonstrates less than 0.6 dB of insertion loss from 0–20 GHz, and 1 dB of insertion loss at 40 GHz with greater than 25 dB of isolation across the entire 0–40 GHz band. The SP9T circuit also demonstrates less than 0.5 dB insertion loss from 0–20 GHz, and 1.5 dB of insertion loss at 40 GHz with greater than 28 dB of isolation across the entire 0–40 GHz band. This represents the first time PCM RF switches have been reported in a broadband high-throw count SPNT configuration.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) based LDPC-coded deep-space optical communication (2011)

Power-efficient modulation schemes such as PPM are widely adopted in deep-space optical communications. In order to achieve multi-gigabit transmission, the usage of large number of time slots in PPM is needed that imposes stringent requirements on system implementation. In this paper, we propose the use of orbital angular momentum (OAM) based LDPC-coded PPM as a means to satisfy high-bandwidth demands of future interplanetary communications while keeping system cost and power consumption reasonably low. Because OAM eigenstates are orthogonal, an arbitrary number of bits/photon can be transmitted. The main challenge for OAM based deep-space communication represents the link between a spacecraft probe and the Earth station because in the presence of atmospheric turbulence the orthogonality between OAM states is not longer preserved. We show that the proposed OAM based LDPC-coded PPM can operate under strong turbulence regime when used in combination with receiver spatial diversity.
Modification of ITO Surface for High Performance of Electrochromic Polymer Film (2013)

The relatively low reactivity of indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film coated on glass with its good conductivity and transparency make it the widely used electrode in displays and electrochromic devices. However, the inactivity of the surface may cause serious problems for physically deposited electrochromic polymer films from detachment to short durability, especially, in the presence of electrolyte liquids. We here report that significant improvement is made for electrochromic films of poly [3,4-(2,2-dimethylpropylenedioxy)thiophene] by electrodepositing its monomer on ITO surface modified with organic acids. We first designed and synthesized 2-thienyl phosphonic acid which was used to modify ITO glass. ITO glass was immersed in modifier solution vertically on a glass bracket and the solution was allowed to evaporate slowly at ambient condition. The glass was removed from the glass bracket when it was fully exposed to the air, and then baked at 120 for 24 h in glove box. After modification, the modifier molecules are able to react with hydroxyl groups on ITO surface by losing H 2 O and self-assemble to high-order monolayer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that chemical binding is formed between the surface and the modifier. By attaching the modifier molecules to ITO surface with ester bonds, the surface changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic, but the transmittance and conductivity remain the same as bare ITO. Atomic force microscope results demonstrate that surface roughness of modified ITO showed a little reduction compared with bare one. To test the mechanical strength of electrochromic polymer thin film on different substrate, we treated the films by sonication. The results reveal a much better stability for the film formed on the modified ITO than that on bare one. Meanwhile, color changing property of electrochromic polymer film electropolymerized on modified substrate remains the same as that on bare substrate. This study provides a conventional way to achieve high-performance polymer-based electrochromic films.
Practical Quantum Cryptography: A Comprehensive Analysis (Part One) (2000)

We perform a comprehensive analysis of practical quantum cryptography (QC) systems implemented in actual physical environments via either free-space or fiber-optic cable quantum channels for ground-ground, ground-satellite, air-satellite and satellite-satellite links. (1) We obtain universal expressions for the effective secrecy capacity and rate for QC systems taking into account three important attacks on individual quantum bits, including explicit closed-form expressions for the requisite amount of privacy amplification. Our analysis also includes the explicit calculation in detail of the total cost in bits of continuous authentication, thereby obtaining new results for actual ciphers of finite length. (2) We perform for the first time a detailed, explicit analysis of all systems losses due to propagation, errors, noise, etc. as appropriate to both optical fiber cable- and satellite communications-based implementations of QC. (3) We calculate for the first time all system load costs associated to classical communication and computational constraints that are ancillary to, but essential for carrying out, the pure QC protocol itself. (4) We introduce an extended family of generalizations of the Bennett-Brassard (BB84) QC protocol that equally provide unconditional secrecy but allow for the possibility of optimizing throughput rates against specific cryptanalytic attacks. (5) We obtain universal predictions for maximal rates that can be achieved with practical system designs under realistic environmental conditions. (6) We propose a specific QC system design that includes the use of a novel method of high-speed photon detection that may be able to achieve very high throughput rates for actual implementations in realistic environments.
Configuration-sensitive process scheduling for FPGA-based computing platforms (2004)

Reconfigurable computing has become an important part of research in software systems and computer architecture. While prior research on reconfigurable computing have addressed architectural and compilation/programming aspects to some extent, there is still not much consensus on what kind of operating system (OS) support should be provided. In this paper, we focus on OS process scheduler, and demonstrate how it can be customized considering the needs of reconfigurable hardware. Our process scheduler is configuration sensitive, that is, it reuses the current FPGA configuration as much as possible. Our extensive experimental results show that the proposed scheduler is superior to classical scheduling algorithms such first-come-first-serve (FCFS) and shortest job first (SJF).