gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of organophosphate pesticides using a prototype liquid crystal monitor (2008)

The precision and accuracy of a prototype wearable liquid crystal monitor (LCM) for the measurement of airborne organophosphate pesticide concentrations was explored in a series of laboratory experiments. LCM response to vapor-phase and aerosol diazinon was compared to concentrations obtained using a standard reference method (NIOSH 5600) at concentrations ranging from approximately 8 to 108 ppb (parts per billion) over durations of 2 to 80 hours. Temperature ( approximately 25, 30, and 35 degrees C) and relative humidity (15, 50, and 85%) were varied to estimate the effect of these factors on LCM performance. The LCM response to vapor phase pesticide exposure was linear for concentrations in the range of 8-20 ppb. At exposure concentrations above approximately 20 ppb, however, there was a decline in monitor response and measurement precision. Elevated temperatures improved diazinon vapor-only measurement precision, while increased relative humidity reduced LCM response at the extremes of tested temperatures. Compared to vapor-only exposures, the LCM was less sensitive to diazinon aerosol concentrations, but displayed reasonable precision over a relatively large range of exposures (29 to 1190 ppb-hr). Further efforts to characterize temperature and humidity effects and improve low-end sensitivity would likely provide a portable personal exposure monitor or environmental sensor for this widely used class of pesticides.
The Optical Emissivity of Titanium and Zirconium (1950)

A method of measuring the optical emissivity of titanium and zirconium using eddy current heating is described. The specimen consisted of a cylinder of metal drilled with a small black-body hole, and its real and apparent temperatures were measured with an optical pyrometer at a mean wavelength of 0.652μ. The variation of emissivity with temperature was investigated and the precautions taken to avoid errors are described.
Bicyclic Homologs of Piperazine. Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active 8-Methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. III.<sup>1,2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBicyclic Homologs of Piperazine. Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active 8-Methyl-3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes. III.1,2Giorgio Cignarella, Emilio Occelli, Giulio Maffii, and Emilio TestaCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 1, 29–36Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00337a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (811 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Enhancing the Error Detection Capabilities of DCT Based Codecs using Compressed Domain Dissimilarity Metrics (2007)

Video compression standards are implemented in wireless data transmission technologies to provide multimedia services efficiently. These compression standards generally utilize the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) in conjunction with variable length codes (VLC) in order to achieve the required high compression ratios. While providing the necessary high data rates, this technique has the disadvantage of making the system more susceptible to transmission errors. The standard decoders do not manage to detect a large number of corrupted macroblocks, 40.54% not detected for H.263+, contributing to a significant reduction in the end-to-end video quality as perceived by the end-user. This paper presents three dissimilarity metrics which contain both color and texture information and that can be extracted directly from the compressed DCT coefficients. These metrics can be used to enhance the error-detection capabilities of standard DCT based codecs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm increases the error detection rate by 54.06% with a gain in peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of 3.21 dB. This improvement in performance is superior to other solutions found in literature.
The conquest of the conquistadors (1973)

Abstract A chronological and descriptive narrative of the Mendaña expedition to colonize the Solomon Islands in 1595 is presented. This furnished a historical frame of reference for the interpretation of a hilltop settlement with Spanish pottery at Pamua, San Cristobal. The points stressed are those of interest to the archaeological investigator, especially those bearing on the fate of the missing Almiranta. It is suggested that survivors from this vessel founded a settlement of some months’ duration and that, unknown to history, one ship did achieve its objective, though the enterprise itself failed.
Dielectric lens shaping and coma-correction zoning, part I: Analysis (1983)

Shaping techniques are applied to the design of dielectric lens antennas. By shaping the lens to serve as an optical transformer for aperture distribution control, many special antenna patterns can be achieved. For multiple beam applications, the cubic phase error for off-axis beams can be significantly reduced by a unique method of coma-correction zoning. Such shaped lenses are excellent candidates for low-cost, lightweight and high-performance antennas for extremely high frequency (EHF) systems. In this communication, the design principles and numerical techniques are given. Examples with parametric trade-offs are also discussed.
Effect of Phosphite on Tomato and Pepper Plants and on Susceptibility of Pepper to Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in Hydroponic Culture (1998)

Tomato and pepper plants were grown hydroponically in a greenhouse using phosphate or technical and commercial formulations of phosphite as sources of phosphorus nutrition to determine the effects on plant development and susceptibility to Phytophthora root and crown rot. Phosphite-treated tomato and pepper plants were deficient of phosphate and developed phosphorus-deficiency symptoms. Growth of plants (leaf area and leaf, stem, and root dry weights) that were fertilized with phosphite was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced compared with phosphate-fertilized plants. In Phytophthora capsici-inoculated pepper plants, incidence of Phytophthora crown rot was significantly reduced in phosphite-treated plants compared with no phosphorus or phosphate-treated plants. Incidence of crown rot in pepper plants treated with 1 mM phosphate plus 0.3 mM phosphite was intermediate between plants treated with only phosphite (1 mM or 0.1 mM) and plants treated with phosphate (1 mM).
Revision des Atomgewichtes von Eisen. Mitteilung: Die Analyse von Ferrioxyd (1913)

Abstract Reines Ferrioxyd enthält nach der Reduktion in Wasserstoff 0.699427 Eisen, woraus sich das Atomgewicht des Eisens zu 55.841 ergibt.
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Personal Finance with Quicken (1998)

From the Publisher:
The Complete Idiot's Guide to Personal Finance with Quicken is the easy way to learn money management while using this software manager: simple explanations on how to work with Quicken; valuable tips on avoiding common financial pitfalls; expert advice on how to manage your money, save for a house, and plan for retirement; and easy-to-follow instructions that let you get up and running quickly.
Access protection for fairness in a distributed queue dual bus metropolitan area network (2003)

The access protection and priority control (APPC) mechanism in a distributed-queue dual-bus metropolitan area network (MAN) is presented. The basic version of the APPC mechanism ensures that the bandwidth allocated to each station is kept in known limits, independently of traffic load conditions. Moreover, under heavy loads, each station sees the common channel as a synchronous channel with fixed bandwidth. Under no circumstances is the available bandwidth wasted. The mechanism does not impose signaling overheads as compared to other algorithms proposed for the dual bus MAN.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light Emitting Diodes Based on Poly-o-toluedine (2002)

폴리아닐린에 전자주게기(-CH3)를 치환하여 전자효과(electronic effect) 와 입체장애효과(steric effect)를 확인하였다.1 폴리아닐린 유도체 폴리톨루이딘(POT)의 산화상태를 변화시키면서 ITO/POT/Al 구조의 유기발광소자를 제작하여 PL, I- V 특성 및 전기발광 특성을 확인하였다. 발광소자의 구동전압은 9∼14 V 이었다. Poly-o-toluidine (POT) was chemically and electrochemically synthesized for the study of electronic and steric effect of methyl substituents. The turn-on voltage of organic light emitting diode (OLED) was 9~14 V. ITO/POT/Al structured OLED were fabricated with various oxidation states of POT. PL, I-V characteristics and EL spectra were investigated.
Response of a research aircraft to icing and evaluation of severity indices (1996)

The relationship between four atmospheric parameters and three measures of flight degradation are investigated using data from an instrumented research aircraft. Data from flights that took place in wintertime stratus clouds over northeastern Colorado are emphasized; additional data points from encounters with large supercooled droplets over northern California and northern Arizona are included. The maximum decrease in coefficient of lift due to icing was 35%, with 68% of cases within 10% of the uniced aircraft value. Coefficient of drag increased by up to 230% as a result of icing and climb capability was reduced by up to 6.9 m/s. Greater performance loss was related to higher liquid water content, median volume diameter, and potential accumulation of ice. A combination of liquid water content > 0.2 g/m3, median volume diameter > 30 /un, and temperature > — 10°C was responsible for the largest performance decreases. Severity indices that were dependent on liquid water content, median droplet volume diameter, and temperature were tested. An index that takes into account the effects of large droplet icing provided the best relation between higher severity level and increased performance degradation.
Improving SIMT Efficiency of Global Rendering Algorithms with Architectural Support for Dynamic Micro-Kernels (2010)

Wide Single Instruction, Multiple Thread (SIMT) architectures often require a static allocation of thread groups that are executed in lockstep throughout the entire application kernel. Individual thread branching is supported by executing all control flow paths for threads in a thread group and only committing the results of threads on the current control path. While convergence algorithms are used to maximize processor efficiency during branching operations, applications requiring complex control flow often result in low processor efficiency due to the length and quantity of control paths. Global rendering algorithms are an example of a class of application that can be accelerated using a large number of independent parallel threads that each require complex control flow, resulting in comparatively low efficiency on SIMT processors. To improve processor utilization for global rendering algorithms, we introduce a SIMT architecture that allows for threads to be created dynamically at runtime. Large application kernels are broken down into smaller code blocks we call μ-kernels that dynamically created threads can execute. These runtime μkernels allow for the removal of branching statements that would cause divergence within a thread group, and result in new threads being created and grouped with threads beginning execution of the same μ-kernel. In our evaluation of SIMT processor efficiency for a global rendering algorithms, dynamic μ-kernels improved processor performance by an average of 1.4x.
Section 92: Markets, Protectionism and Proportionality — Australian and European Perspectives (2019)

Recent cases involving s 92 of the Constitution refer to economic considerations and principles relating to competition. The application of provisions of the Treaty Establishing the European Community (the ‘EC Treaty’) having similar effect, by the European Court of Justice, has led to a broader consideration of the effects of state regulation on the ideal of a common market and a lessening of the relevance of domestic protection. It has tested what is permissible state regulation by the doctrine of proportionality. This paper will compare the current Australian perspective.
Development of Therapeutic Splice-Switching Oligonucleotides (2014)

Synthetic splice-switching oligonucleotides (SSOs) target nuclear pre-mRNA molecules to change exon splicing and generate an alternative protein isoform. Clinical trials with two competitive SSO drugs are underway to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Beyond DMD, many additional therapeutic applications are possible, with some in phase 1 clinical trials or advanced preclinical evaluation. Here, we present an overview of the central factors involved in developing therapeutic SSOs for the treatment of diseases. The selection of susceptible pre-mRNA target sequences, as well as the design and chemical modification of SSOs to increase SSO stability and effectiveness, are key initial considerations. Identification of effective SSO target sequences is still largely empirical and published guidelines are not a universal guarantee for success. Specifically, exon-targeted SSOs, which are successful in modifying dystrophin splicing, can be ineffective for splice-switching in other contexts. Chemical modifications, importantly, are associated with certain characteristic toxicities, which need to be addressed as target diseases require chronic treatment with SSOs. Moreover, SSO delivery in adequate quantities to the nucleus of target cells without toxicity can prove difficult. Last, the means by which these SSOs are administered needs to be acceptable to the patient. Engineering an efficient therapeutic SSO, therefore, necessarily entails a compromise between desirable qualities and effectiveness. Here, we describe how the application of optimal solutions may differ from case to case.
Blood flow and muscle oxygen uptake at the onset and end of moderate and heavy dynamic forearm exercise (2001)

We hypothesized that forearm blood flow (FBF) during moderate intensity dynamic exercise would meet the demands of the exercise and that postexercise FBF would quickly recover. In contrast, during heavy exercise, FBF would be inadequate causing a marked postexercise hyperemia and sustained increase in muscle oxygen uptake (VO(2musc)). Six subjects did forearm exercise (1-s contraction/relaxation, 1-s pause) for 5 min at 25 and 75% of peak workload. FBF was determined by Doppler ultrasound, and O(2) extraction was estimated from venous blood samples. In moderate exercise, FBF and VO(2musc) increased within 2 min to steady state. Rapid recovery to baseline suggested adequate O(2) supply during moderate exercise. In contrast, FBF was not adequate during heavy dynamic exercise. Immediately postexercise, there was an approximately 50% increase in FBF. Furthermore, we observed for the first time in the recovery period an increase in VO(2musc) above end-exercise values. During moderate exercise, O(2) supply met requirements, but with heavy forearm exercise, inadequate O(2) supply during exercise caused accumulation of a large O(2) deficit that was repaid during recovery.
Field-induced current modulation in epitaxial film of deep-ultraviolet transparent oxide semiconductor Ga2O3 (2006)

Epitaxial films of a deep-ultraviolet transparent oxide semiconductor, Ga2O3, were fabricated on α-Al2O3 (0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Four-axes x-ray diffraction measurements revealed that the tin-doped Ga2O3 films have a crystal structure different from any known polymorphs of Ga2O3. Its crystal lattice was determined to be an orthorhombic. Top gate field-effect transistor structures were fabricated using the Ga2O3 epitaxial films for n-channels. The channel conductance was modulated by an order of magnitude by gate voltage at room temperature with an estimated field-effect mobility of 5×10−2cm2(Vs)−1.
AN INCENTIVE WAGE MODEL (1967)

SUMMARY This paper examines the relationship between the utility of money and the disutility of work. This relationship is then established as a foundation for the construction of a general theoretical model which may be used to design or evaluate certain classes of incentive wage structures.
JNK1 determines the oncogenic or tumor-suppressive activity of the integrin-linked kinase in human rhabdomyosarcoma (2009)

Although most reports describe the protein kinase integrin-linked kinase (ILK) as a proto-oncogene, occasional studies detail opposing functions in the regulation of normal and transformed cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Here, we demonstrated that ILK functions as an oncogene in the highly aggressive pediatric sarcoma alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (ARMS) and as a tumor suppressor in the related embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS). These opposing functions hinge on signaling through a noncanonical ILK target, JNK1, to the proto-oncogene c-Jun. RNAi-mediated depletion of ILK induced activation of JNK and its target, c-Jun, resulting in growth of ERMS cells, whereas in ARMS cells, it led to loss of JNK/c-Jun signaling and suppression of growth both in vitro and in vivo. Ectopic expression of the fusion gene characteristic of ARMS (paired box 3-forkhead homolog in rhabdomyosarcoma [PAX3-FKHR]) in ERMS cells was sufficient to convert them to an ARMS signaling phenotype and render ILK activity oncogenic. Furthermore, restoration of JNK1 in ARMS reestablished a tumor-suppressive function for ILK. These findings indicate what we believe to be a novel effector pathway regulated by ILK, provide a mechanism for interconversion of oncogenic and tumor-suppressor functions of a single regulatory protein based on the genetic background of the tumor cells, and suggest a rationale for tailored therapy of rhabdomyosarcoma based on the different activities of ILK.
FUSION SYNTHESES OF ARYL POLYACYLGLYCOSIDES (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFUSION SYNTHESES OF ARYL POLYACYLGLYCOSIDESCHARLES D. HURD and WILLIAM A. BONNERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 1, 50–54Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01171a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01171a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Effects of Metoclopramide on Postoperative Ileus A Randomized Double-blind Study (1979)

Metoclopramide or placebo was administered postoperatively in a randomized, double-blind fashion to 115 patients undergoing laparotomy. The effect of metoclopramide on postoperative adynamic ileus (PAI) was evaluated. The patients were stratified into two groups: Group A--those with laparotomy without a gastrointestinal anastomosis or ostomy procedure, and group B--those with laparotomy undergoing an anastomosis or ostomy procedure. Metoclopramide reduced nausea and emesis postoperatively. However, the only significant effect on postoperative adynamic ileus was an earlier return to tolerance of solid foods in the patients in Group A.
Characterizations of distinct parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplexes formed by two-repeat ALS and FTD related GGGGCC sequence (2018)

The large expansion of GGGGCC (G4C2) repeats of the C9orf72 gene have been found to lead to the pathogenesis of devastating neurological diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The structural polymorphisms of C9orf72 HRE DNA and RNA may cause aberrant transcription and contribute to the development of ALS and FTD. Here we showed that the two-repeat G4C2 DNA, d(G4C2)<sub>2</sub>, simultaneously formed parallel and antiparallel G-quadruplex conformations in the potassium solution. We separated different folds of d(G4C2)<sub>2</sub> by anion exchange chromatography, followed with characterizations by circular dichroism and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The parallel d(G4C2)<sub>2</sub> G-quadruplex folded as a symmetric tetramer, while the antiparallel d(G4C2)<sub>2</sub> adopted the topology of an asymmetric dimer. These folds are distinct from the antiparallel chair-type conformation we previously identified for the d(G4C2)<sub>4</sub> G-quadruplex. Our findings have demonstrated the conformational heterogeneity of the C9orf72 HRE DNA, and provided new insights into the d(G4C2)<sub>n</sub> folding. Meanwhile, the purified d(G4C2)<sub>2</sub> G-quadruplex samples are suitable for further three-dimensional structure characterizations, which are required for the structure-based design of small molecules targeting ALS and FTD related C9orf72 HRE.
Tragedy (1954)

I remember when I was a youth and excitable, I went to a performance of Ibsen's Ghosts. The question may be asked, excitable in which direction. Certainly it was not the one Ibsen intended. The truth is, I had absorbed (second or third hand) The Decline of the West , and was all for the spiritual expression of the early cultural ages and the sweep and energy of the first secular expansion (the Renaissance), but I would have run blocks to avoid the romantic and nineteenth century, or any of the products of the conscious and disillusioned selfhood. Under these circumstances it was manifestly absurd to go to Ghosts anyway. I came away with no very amiable remembrance. Such a play I refused to call tragedy, the name was too noble. I coined another word, ‘pathody’, the story of pathetic suffering, and dubbed it so.