gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Domains responsible for the differential targeting of glucose transporter isoforms. (1992)

Facilitative glucose transporter isoforms, GLUT1 and GLUT4, have different intracellular distributions despite their very similar structure. In insulin-responsive tissues such as adipose tissues and muscle, GLUT4 protein resides mainly in the intracellular region in a basal condition and is translocated to the plasma membrane upon stimulation of insulin. In contrast, GLUT1 protein was distributed about equally between plasma membranes and low density microsomal membranes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, GLUT1 and GLUT4 were reported to be differentially targeted to the plasma membrane and intracellular region, respectively, when expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and HepG2 cells. To elucidate the differential intracellular targeting mechanisms, several chimeric glucose transporters in which portions of GLUT4 are replaced with corresponding portions of GLUT1 have been stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy as well as measurement of glucose transport activity revealed that two domains of GLUT4, which are not the NH2- or COOH-terminal domain, determine its targeting to the intracellular vesicles. The first domain contains the consensus sequence of the leucine zipper structure, suggesting that a dimer-forming structure of the glucose transporter might be required for its proper targeting. The other domain contains 28 amino acids, nine of which are different between GLUT1 and GLUT4. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that the chimeric transporters containing both of these two domains of GLUT1, only the first domain of GLUT1, and none of the domains, exhibited a different cellular distribution with approximately 65, 30, and 15% of the transporters apparently on the plasma membrane, respectively. The addition of insulin did not alter the apparent cellular distributions of these chimeric transporters. These domains would be specifically recognized by intracellular targeting mechanisms in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Scintillation Properties of 1 Inch ${\rm Cs}_{2}{\rm LiYCl}_{6}{:}{\rm Ce}$ Crystals (2008)

We have grown and investigated 1 inch diameter (CLYC) crystals for gamma and neutron detection. The samples provided excellent results. For example, 5.1plusmn0.1% energy resolution was obtained at 662 keV (5.5% at 511 keV). The light output of 4500plusmn350 photoelectrons/MeV (PMT, Hamamatsu R6233) was measured. The samples also showed excellent plusmn1.2% non-proportionality in the 14.4 to 1274 keV range. This suggests a possibility for even better energy resolution with a superior photodetector. The intrinsic energy resolution of investigated crystals was estimated to be 2.1%. The neutron detection was also confirmed. The neutron peak was observed at about 3.2 MeV (gamma equivalent) and its resolution was 2.9plusmn0.1%. Gamma-neutron pulse shape discrimination was also achieved.
Inadvertent Hypothermia With Metabolic Acidosis and Circulatory Depression (1967)

A 41/2-year-old white girl with tetrology of Fallot was admitted to the hospital because of persistent constipation and an abdominal mass of fluctuating size. One year prior to admission she had undergone a Brock transventricular pulmonary valvotomy, with considerable benefit. Interval cyanosis and squatting were now limited to periods of exertion. The preoperative workup revealed an abdominal mass, suspected to be a tubular duplication of the colon, and absence of the left kidney. Laparotomy was scheduled following bowel preparation with succinylsulfathiazole (Sulfasuxidine). Premedication consisted of pentobarbital, 60 mg; morphine sulfate, 2 mg; and scopolamine, 0.2 mg. Induction was achieved uneventfully with cyclopropane and oxygen, followed by a combination of nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane. An endotracheal catheter was inserted easily and connected to a Norman T-piece with reservoir bag. Anesthesia was maintained with a combination of nitrous oxide and oxygen (3.5:3.5 liters/min) and halothane (0.5% to 1.5%) added as
Microwave Plasma Enhanced Reduction of SO<sub>2</sub> to Sulfur with Carbon (2007)

The emission of SO2 from industrial flue gas contributes to a large part of atmospheric pollution. With the more stringent regulations for SO2 emission, more efficient technologies for SO2 removal have to be developed. In the present work, we for the first time employed microwave plasma to reduce SO2 with three carbons (activated carbon, charcoal, and coke). At a microwave power of 110 W, SO2 can be completely reduced to sulfur by the activated carbon. The reactivity of the three carbons followed the order of activated carbon > charcoal > coke, which was consistent with that under conventional heating. However, much lower temperatures were required to obtain the same percentage conversion of SO2 under microwave plasma than that under conventional heating. Furthermore, in the presence of O2 in the feed gas, SO2 can also be efficiently reduced with carbons under the microwave plasma.
Nipple stimulation for labor augmentation. (1990)

A randomized, prospective study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of nipple stimulation with a breast pump as compared to oxytocin for augmentation of labor. The average and maximal uterine activity achieved was significantly higher in the oxytocin-stimulated group, without significant differences in the length of labor stages, cesarean section rate, Apgar scores or umbilical artery pH. Fifty percent of the patients failed to respond to nipple stimulation after 30 minutes and were switched to oxytocin. These patients experienced a more rapid rate of cervical dilation in the active phase and reached higher maximal uterine activity with oxytocin stimulation; however, the cesarean section rate was highest in this group. Nipple stimulation with a breast pump appears to be a safe and effective alternative to oxytocin for the augmentation of labor.
A computationally-efficient alternative to kernel logistic regression (2010)

Kernel logistic regression (KLR) is a powerful and flexible classification algorithm, which possesses an ability to provide the confidence of class prediction. However, its training—typically carried out by (quasi-)Newton methods—is rather time-consuming. In this paper, we propose an alternative probabilistic classification algorithm called Least-Squares Probabilistic Classifier (LSPC). KLR models the class-posterior probability by the log-linear combination of kernel functions and its parameters are learned by (regularized) maximum likelihood. In contrast, LSPC employs the linear combination of kernel functions and its parameters are learned by regularized least-squares fitting of the true class-posterior probability. Thanks to this linear regularized least-squares formulation, the solution of LSPC can be computed analytically just by solving a regularized system of linear equations in a class-wise manner. Thus LSPC is computationally very efficient and numerically stable. Through experiments, we show that the computation time of LSPC is faster than that of KLR by two orders of magnitude, with comparable classification accuracy.
Reducing Epistemic Uncertainty Using a Model Updating Cognitive System (2011)

Developing numerical models of existing structural systems is challenging because of the uncertainty inherent on the development of the numerical model and the estimation of the structural parameters. This uncertainty is a combination of lack of knowledge (epistemic uncertainty) and inherent randomness on the system. This paper introduces a Model Updating Cognitive Systems (MUCogS) as a new paradigm for model updating of structural systems with incomplete data. MUCogS seeks to merge the computational power of computers with the analytical power of the analyst. In most cases, the posterior probability density function (PDF) within a Bayesian framework has one region of high probability. However, several regions of high probability can be obtained on the likelihood when data is incomplete. These areas can be considered by the analyst to enhance his/her knowledge about the structure. This paper discusses a methodology used to identify these regions of high probability without the need of calculating the complete likelihood using Modeling to Generate Alternatives (MGA).
Geometric Search and Replace in Solid Model Editing (1992)

AbstractWe present an efficient solution to a three dimensional geometric search and replace operationin the editing ofsolid models in both boundary representation or feature based solid modelingsystems. This combined operation, similar to the one dimensional string search and replace inword processors, proves very useful for detecting and modifying solid model descriptions withrepetitive features. Our geometric search and replace operation is £ased on the solution of thefollowing problem - Given ~ labeled embedded graph G = (V, E, C\') and a labeled patternp = (C, 'P), find all edges in E ofG that are consistent with (C, 'P). This problem is related tothe subgraph isomorphism problem, but is much easier because of the given embeddings of thegraph and the pattern. We present an efficient algorithm for this problem in which the totalnumber of label comparisons required for any 71 vertex embedded graph G is no more than 471,independent of the size of the pattern.
A phase I dose-escalation study of BGB-A317, an anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) mAb in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2016)

3066 Background: BGB-A317 is a humanized IgG4 anti-PD-1 mAb with high specificity and affinity (KD = 0.15 nM) for PD-1. It blocks PD-L1 and PD-L2 binding, and inhibits PD-1-mediated negative signaling in T-cell lines and tumor growth in a number of allogeneic xenograft models. Methods: A phase I, multicenter study was conducted to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and antitumor activity of BGB-A317 in patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors. A 3+3 dose escalation design was undertaken. Pts received escalating doses of BGB-A317 intravenously biweekly (Q2W). Additional pts were treated at 2 and 5 mg/kg either Q2W or Q3W to explore alternate schedules. Results: As of 15 Dec, 2015, 61 patients were treated across 4 dose-escalating cohorts of BGB-A317 Q2W (0.5 mg/kg, n = 3; 2 mg/kg, n = 6; 5 mg/kg, n = 6 and 10 mg/kg, n = 6) and 4 dose-expansion cohorts (2 mg/kg, Q2W, n = 20; 2 mg/kg, Q3W, n = 2; 5 mg/kg Q2W, n = 17 and 5 mg/kg, Q3W, n = 1). One DLT (1/6) of grade 3 colitis was observed in the 5 mg/kg Q2W cohort. Maximum tolerated dose was not reached. The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (AEs) were grade (G) 1-2 fatigue (25%), diarrhea (20%), nausea (16%), rash (13%), pruritus (11%) and abdominal pain (11%). Treatment–related G3 AEs included diabetic ketoacidosis (n = 1, 2 mg/kg Q2W), hypotension (n = 1, 2 mg/kg Q2W), colitis (n = 2, 5 mg/kg Q2W), elevated ALT (n = 1, 2 mg/kg Q2W), hyperglycaemia (n = 1, 2 mg/kg Q2W) and fatigue (n = 1, 5 mg/kg Q2W). PKs of BGB-A317 show dose-proportional exposure increase from 0.5 to 10 mg/kg Q2W after the single dose administration with the elimination half-life of 11 to 17 days. Among 39 evaluable pts to date (10 ovarian, 6 colorectal, 6 RCC, 4 cutaneous SCC, 3 mesothelioma, 2 cervical, and 1 each of 8 others), 3 pts have partial response (2 to be confirmed) (1 gastric, 1 RCC and 1 cervical) and a further 13 pts exhibit stable disease. All 3 responding pts remain on treatment, ranging from 13 to 23 weeks. Conclusions: BGB-A317 demonstrates a favorable safety profile with AEs in keeping with the class effect. PKs are linear and early promising anti-tumor activity has been observed. The expansion cohorts are ongoing and an expanded phase IB study in selected cancer types is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT02407990.
The Invasion of Czechoslovakia: A Disaster; Czechoslovakia, Capitalism, and Socialism (1968)

After lengthy discussion of the invasion of Czechoslovakia, we each drafted a statement for publication in his space. The two statements turned out to be so different in their focus and emphasis that we decided to publish both instead of trying to combine them into one. —The EditorsThis article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
The Simulation of Electrostatic Spray Painting Process with High-Speed Rotary Bell Atomizers. Part II: External Charging (2006)

The present contribution summarizes investigations aiming to completely model the electrostatically supported spray painting process with high-speed rotary bells by means of CFD. In this part II, so-called external charging atomizers, where high voltage is applied to emitting electrode needles, are considered. Here, charging of the droplets takes place due to free ions produced from corona discharge at the electrodes. Part I [1] dealt with direct charging atomizers, where potential is applied directly to the rotating bell. The commercial CFD-code Fluent has been extended to account for the electrostatic field and the space charge effect due to the ions. Here, a model for the time-dependent and inhomogeneous field charging of the droplets was applied. Furthermore, the direct interaction between the ion current and the flow field, i.e., the so-called ion wind, could be calculated. As input conditions, the airflow from the shaping air orifices and measured droplet sizes close to the bell edge using Fraunhofer diffraction were taken. In general, numerical and experimental results are in good agreement, confirming the applicability of the chosen physical approach. This is especially true for the final film thickness on the target and the transfer efficiency, i.e., the amount of paint solids that finally deposited on the target. In the near future the calculations must be extended to true unsteady simulations including the dynamic meshing procedure.
Insulin inhibition of overnight glucose production and gluconeogenesis from lactate in NIDDM (1989)

Increased gluconeogenesis contributes to fasting hyperglycemia in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We examined whether insulin inhibits gluconeogenesis from lactate by altering the fate of lactate and/or by reducing lactate flux. Seven patients with NIDDM (age 51 +/- 4 yr, body mass index 28 +/- 2 kg/m2) were studied before and 3 wk after achieving normoglycemia with evening insulin therapy. Basal glucose production (Ra) and utilization were measured overnight [( 3-3H]glucose infusion from 9 P.M. to 8 A.M.) and lactate turnover and conversion to glucose between 4 and 8 A.M. [( U-14C]lactate infusion) before and after insulin therapy. During insulin therapy, fasting plasma glucose decreased from 188 +/- 13 to 99 +/- 7 mg/dl (P less than 0.001) due to inhibition of glucose Ra from 3.0 +/- 0.1 to 2.2 +/- 0.1 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.005). Plasma free insulin increased from 6 +/- 1 to 11 +/- 1 microU/ml (P less than 0.005). Plasma lactate concentrations (1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.0 +/- 0.1 mmol/l before vs. after insulin therapy) and the lactate turnover rate (15.6 +/- 0.9 vs. 14.2 +/- 0.8 mumol.kg.min) remained unchanged, whereas the amount of glucose formed from lactate decreased from 2.0 +/- 0.1 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 mumol.kg-1.min-1 (P less than 0.02) and the percent of lactate turnover converted to glucose decreased from 26 +/- 1 to 20 +/- 2% (P less than 0.05). We conclude that insulin inhibits overnight glucose Ra from lactate by decreasing the proportion of lactate diverted towards gluconeogenesis rather than by altering lactate availability or total flux.
The chemistry of vitamin B12. Part 20. Diaquocobinamide : pK values and evidence for conformational isomers (1983)

An improved method for preparing aqueous solutions of diaquocobinamide without hydrolysis products is described. The pKa values have been determined in 0.2 mol dm–3 NaClO4 at 25 °C as pK1= 5.9 ± 0.1 and pK2= 10.3 ± 0.2 and are shown to involve one proton each. Evidence is presented that diaquo-, aquohydroxo-, and dihydroxo-cobinamide exist in solution as isomers depending on hydrogen bonding between the axial ligands and different amide side-chains.
Quantification of boundary segregation in the analytical electron microscope (2000)

When studying equilibrium grain-boundary segregation using the small ( approximately 1 nm) electron probe of the scanning transmission electron microscope and X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy, the assumptions made about the size and shape of the beam-specimen interaction volume may introduce errors in quantification of up to a factor of five. Comparisons between experimental segregation profiles and different theoretical models have shown that a Gaussian model for the electron distribution will provide the best description for the interaction volume. Calculations of minimum detectable segregation levels have shown that optimum sensitivity is not achieved in the thinnest samples or even with the smallest probe sizes. In addition, operating at 300 keV (rather than 100 keV) will halve the minimum detectable segregation level, assuming all other experimental conditions are equal. Rastering the electron probe over a fixed area while acquiring spectra improves the accuracy of quantification but at the price of reducing sensitivity by at least a factor of three.
Physical and Biological Regulation of Proteoglycan Turnover around Chondrocytes in Cartilage Explants: Implications for Tissue Degradation and Repair (1999)

The development of clinical strategies for cartilage repair and inhibition of matrix degradation may be facilitated by a better understanding of (1) the chondrocyte phenotype in the context of a damaged extracellular matrix, and (2) the roles of biochemical and biomechanical pathways by which matrix metabolism is mediated. Using methods of quantitative autoradiography, we examined the cell-length scale patterns of proteoglycan deposition and turnover in the cell-associated matrices of chondrocytes in adult bovine and calf cartilage explants. Results highlight a rapid turnover in the pericellular matrix, which may indicate spatial organization of PG metabolic pools, and specific biomechanical roles for different matrix regions. Subsequent to injurious compression of calf explants, which resulted in grossly visible tissue cracks and caused a decrease in the number of viable chondrocytes within explants, cell-mediated matrix catabolic processes appeared to increase, resulting in apparently increased rates of proteoglycan turnover around active cells. Furthermore, the influences of cell-stimulatory factors such as IL-1 beta appeared to be delayed in their effects subsequent to injurious compression, suggesting interactions between biomechanical and biochemical pathways of PG degradation. These results may provide a useful reference point in the development of in vitro models for cartilage injury and disease, and hint at possible new approaches in the development of cartilage repair strategies.
Influence of External Magnetic Field on the Critical Current of a Novel HTS Square Wire (2018)

The critical current of 2G high temperature superconducting (HTS) wire is attenuated by the influence of external magnetic field. And the degree of attenuation is decided by the direction and magnitude of the magnetic field. In order to narrow the high temperature superconducting wire, a novel HTS square wire with 1 mm width was proposed. In this paper, the critical currents of HTS tapes with 4mm,1mm width and the novel HTS square wire were measured under the temperature of 77K, different magnitude and direction (0 ~ 1.2T, 0 ~ 360 °) of magnetic field, respectively. The results show that the critical current of the novel HTS square wire attenuates with the increase of external magnetic field strength, and has obvious anisotropy. The dependence of critical current of the novel HTS square wire on magnetic field angle is obtained. The tested and analyzed results are providing data reference for the simulation of the novel HTS square wire.
Iminosulfonium salts and iminosulfuranes from thioethers. N-Chlorosuccinimide or N-chlorobenzotriazole and nitrogen-containing nucleophiles (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIminosulfonium salts and iminosulfuranes from thioethers. N-Chlorosuccinimide or N-chlorobenzotriazole and nitrogen-containing nucleophilesArthur D. Dawson and Daniel SwernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 4, 592–597Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00424a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00424a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views372Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Thrombin Generation during Cardiac Surgery: Is Heparin the Ideal Anticoagulant? (1993)

Blood samples were collected from 43 patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery to determine the extent of thrombin generation and inhibition in patients when receiving heparin while undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Plasma prothrombin fragment F1 + 2 and thrombin-antithrombin III (TAT) levels were measured as markers of thrombin generation and inhibition, respectively. Both F1 + 2 and TAT levels increased significantly during the course of CPB despite the heparin causing significant systemic anticoagulation, i.e. the activated coagulation time (ACT) was prolonged to greater than 400 s throughout the entire surgical procedure. The extent of thrombin generation increased with time on CPB but did not differ between patients receiving normothermic and hypothermic cardioplegia during CPB. Furthermore, thrombin generation increased following the neutralization of the heparin with protamine sulphate, and continued to be elevated significantly 24 h post surgery. The observation that high dose heparin did not prevent thrombin generation during CPB, is consistent with previous experimental studies demonstrating that thrombin bound to fibrin or other surfaces (e.g. the CPB conduit) is resistant to antithrombin III/heparin inhibition, and thus able to facilitate further thrombin generation. The observation that thrombin generation continued to be elevated post surgery i.e. 24 h after neutralizing the heparin with protamine sulphate, suggests that the high dose heparin did not inhibit effectively all of the thrombin that had been generated. Thus, CPB patients may be at risk not only of bleeding and other side-effects associated with the acute use of high dose heparin, but may also be at risk of further thrombosis-related events either acutely or chronically.