gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Musculoskeletal adaptations and injuries due to overtraining. (1992)

Overtraining places a demand on the musculoskeletal system that may lead to damage to the musculoskeletal system, as well as to clinical, functional, and biomechanical adaptations that may be detrimental to sport performance. The types of injuries identified range from overt, which are obvious injuries that will usually prevent athletic performance for some period of time, to the subclinical, which decrease performance, but may be seldom recognized. These injuries apparently may be avoided or lessened in severity by a combination of several methods. A thorough preparticipation evaluation is important to detect subtle adaptations in strength and flexibility that can result from overtraining and may increase the athlete's chances of injury. A good sport-specific conditioning program is necessary to give the athlete a strong musculoskeletal base on which to build athletic skills and to decrease the risk of overtraining adaptation. In many sports, prehabilitation exercises can be performed for those musculoskeletal areas that are under high stress in a particular sport. Also, a maintenance conditioning program that extends through the season may be important to maintain fitness throughout the season. Following proper principles of conditioning, including specificity, recovery, and progression, are important. A complete and accurate diagnosis of the injuries that do occur is necessary so that proper treatment may follow. This can be facilitated by understanding the types of clinical presentations of injuries, and the different anatomical and functional alterations that may be acting to cause or to continue the clinical presentation. By following these general guidelines, safe participation in sporting activities as well as performance will be enhanced. The exact point where "training" becomes "overtraining" is difficult to define, especially prospectively. An exciting area of sports medicine research will be to define the anatomic parameters and exercise doses that will cause overtraining, and to devise fitness examinations and training programs that will allow maximal performance with minimal overload risk. At the present time, retrospective studies do indicate that adaptations occur in muscles, tendons, and bones in response to high training loads, and these particular adaptations are not beneficial to performance and may be associated with increased injury risk. Since the optimal exercise dose is not known, provision for evaluation of these adaptations and prehabilitation of all noninjured areas or proper rehabilitation of all injured areas will best prepare the musculoskeletal system for training.
Wide-band Polarization Splitter and Rotator with Large Fabrication Tolerance and Simple Fabrication Process (2013)

We demonstrate a polarization splitter and rotator built on the silicon-on-insulator platform. The device shows low insertion loss (0.6 dB), low polarization crosstalk (<−12 dB), wide bandwidth (~100 nm), and large fabrication tolerance (60 nm).
Inhibition of STAT3 driven gene expression in melanoma cells by SCV-07 (2008)

14619 Introduction: Agents that boost the immune response to overcome tumor-induced immunosuppression have taken center stage in the treatment of various cancers. The di-peptide, SCV-07 (γ-glutamyl-tryptophan) has had success in reducing progression of renal and lung carcinoma as well as melanoma (Effect of the immune modulating peptide, SCV-07, in the murine B16 melanoma model J of Clin Onc, 2007 ASCO Ann. Meeting Proc. Part I. Vol 25, No. 18S (June 20 Suppl), 2007: 13514) in mouse models. SCV-07 is also capable of inducing a Th1 response, evidenced by increased levels of IL-2 and IFNγ (Biological Activity of Peptide SCV-07 Against Murine Tuberculosis Russian J of Immunol, 2003. Vol 8(1): 11). The action of SCV-07 is independent of antigen-specificity and appears to have a global effect on the immune system. Since it is known that STAT3 is upregulated in the tumor micro-environment and that STAT3 driven gene products inhibit the immune response, the following studies were conducted to determine whether the immune-boosting effect of SCV-07 can be attributed to an effect on STAT3 reduction, thereby relieving immunosuppression and enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. Methods: B16F0 melanoma cells were transiently transfected with a STAT3 responsive element driving luciferase expression and then exposed to SCV-07 to determine the effect of the peptide on STAT3 responsive genes. The effect of SCV-07 on nuclear translocation of phosphorylated STAT3 in IL-6 treated HeLa cells was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Results: SCV-07 inhibits the expression of STAT3 responsive genes to the extent of 60–70%. This effect is seen across a range of concentrations. The di-peptide also appears to inhibit the nuclear translocation of phophorylated STAT3. It is not certain as yet whether this is due to direct binding of the peptide to STAT3 or an indirect mechanism. Conclusions: STAT3 expression in tumor cells has been known to be responsible for progression of tumor growth, expression of suppressive cytokines and general inhibition of a protective immune response. Here we show that a di-peptide with known effect against melanoma progression in a mouse model inhibits STAT3 driven gene expression. This is therefore a likely mechanism by which SCV-07 boosts the immune system to relieve tumor-induced immunosuppression. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration SciClone Pharmaceuticals SciClone Pharmaceuticals Inc
TRANSMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES IN INHOMOGENEOUS MEDIA OF ONE-DIMENSION (2000)

In this paper the relations between the amplitudes of electromagnetic waves transmitting in inhomogeneous media of one\|dimension and those of incident waves on surface are deduced. The resultant expressions are succinct and significative of physics.
A Novel Approach to Substituted Pyrrolidines and Piperidines via Olefin Metathesis (1996)

Substituted, unsaturated pyrrolidinones, piperidinones and piperidines, which could be useful building blocks, were prepared from amino acid precursors via ring closing olefin metathesis.
Chiral phosphine Lewis base catalyzed asymmetric aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction of N-sulfonated imines with methyl vinyl ketone and phenyl acrylate (2003)

In the aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction of N-sulfonated imines with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) promoted by chiral phosphine Lewis base: (R)-2'-diphenylphosphanyl-[1,1']binaphthalenyl-2-ol (10 mol%), the aza-Baylis-Hillman adducts 1 were obtained in good yields with high ee (70-94% ee) at -30 degrees C in THF. In CH2Cl2 upon heating at 40 degrees C, the aza-Baylis-Hillman reaction of N-sulfonated imines with phenyl acrylate gave the adducts 2 in high yields (60-97%) with moderate ee (52-77%).
Speed of Light, the Vanished Points of Reference (2014)

At the suggestion of H.A. Lorentz, Michelson’s famous experiment of 1881 was repeated in 1887 because of an alleged error pointed out by Potier. By overlooking a minor omission when compounding the newer data, the suggested correction did not materially change the original conclusion, namely, that light was propagated with constant speed (c) irrespective of the motion of its source or observer, contrary to classical Galilean principles. Though universally accepted, careful analysis reveals that, aside from the computational error, old forgotten actual astronomical data militate against this interpretation. Bypassing the limiting constant (c) may therefore open the road to advances in optics.
Regulation of intestinal phosphate cotransporter NaPi IIb by ubiquitin ligase Nedd4–2 and by serum- and glucocorticoid-dependent kinase 1 (2004)

Serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is highly expressed in enterocytes. The significance of the kinase in regulation of intestinal function has, however, remained elusive. In Xenopus laevis oocytes, SGK1 stimulates the epithelial Na(+) channel by phosphorylating the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which regulates channels by ubiquitination leading to subsequent degradation of the channel protein. Thus the present study has been performed to explore whether SGK1 regulates transport systems expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, specifically type IIb sodium-phosphate (Na(+)-P(i)) cotransporter (NaPi IIb). Immunohistochemistry in human small intestine revealed SGK1 colocalization with Nedd4-2 in villus enterocytes. For functional analysis cRNA encoding NaPi IIb, the SGK isoforms and/or the Nedd4-2 were injected into X. laevis oocytes, and transport activity was quantified as the substrate-induced current (I(P)). Exposure to 3 mM phosphate induces an I(P) in NaPi IIb-expressing oocytes. Coinjection of Nedd4-2, but not the catalytically inactive mutant (C938S)Nedd4-2, significantly downregulates I(P), whereas the coinjection of (S422D)SGK1 markedly stimulates I(P) and even fully reverses the effect of Nedd4-2 on I(P). The effect of (S422D)SGK1 on NaPi IIb is mimicked by wild-type SGK3 but not by wild-type SGK2, constitutively active (T308D,S473D)PKB, or inactive (K127N)SGK1. Moreover, (S422D)SGK1 and SGK3 phosphorylate Nedd4-2. In conclusion, SGK1 stimulates the NaPi IIb, at least in part, by phosphorylating and thereby inhibiting Nedd4-2 binding to its target. Thus the present study reveals a novel signaling pathway in the regulation of intestinal phosphate transport, which may be important for regulation of phosphate balance.
Rethinking the TCP Nagle algorithm (2001)

Modern TCP implementations include a mechanism, known as the Nagle algorithm, which prevents the unnecessary transmission of a large number of small packets. This algorithm has proved useful in protecting the Internet against excessive packet loads. However, many applications suffer performance problems as a result of the traditional implementation of the Nagle algorithm. An interaction between the Nagle algorithm and TCP's delayed acknowledgement policy can create an especially severe problems, through a temporary “deadlock.” These flaws in the Nagle algorithm have prompted many application implementors to disable it, even in cases where this is neither necessary nor wise. We categorize the applications that should and should not disable the Nagle algorithm, and we show that for some applications that often disable the Nagle algorithm, equivalent performance can be obtained through an improved implementation of the algorithm. We describe five possible modifications, including one novel proposal, and analyze their performance on benchmark tests. We also describe a receiver-side modification that can help in some circumstances.
Nanoporous-Carbon as a Potential Host Material for Reversible Mg Ion Intercalation (2016)

Here, we study nanoporous-carbon (NPC) grown via pulsed laser deposition (PLD) as an electrically conductive anode host material for Mg<sup>2+</sup> intercalation. NPC has high surface area, and an open, accessible pore structure tunable via mass density that can improve diffusion. We fabricate 2032 coin cells using NPC coated stainless-steel disk anodes, metallic Mg cathodes, and a Grignard-based electrolyte. NPC mass density is controlled during growth, ranging from 0.06–1.3 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. The specific surface area of NPC increases linearly from 1,000 to 1,700 m<sup>2</sup>/g as mass density decreases from 1.3 to 0.26 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, however, the surface area falls off dramatically at lower mass densities, implying a lack of mechanical integrity in such nanostructures. These structural characterizations correlate directly with coin cell electrochemical measurements. In particular, cyclic voltammetry (CV) scans for NPC with density ~0.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and BET surface area ~1500 m<sup>2</sup>/g infer the possibility of reversible Mg-ion intercalation. Higher density NPC yields capacitive behavior, most likely resulting from the smaller interplanar spacings between graphene sheet fragments and tighter domain boundaries; lower density NPC results in asymmetrical CV scans, consistent with the likely structural degradation resulting from mass transport through soft, low-density carbon materials.
Mechanism of inhibition of calcium channels in rat nucleus tractus solitarius by neurotransmitters (1996)

1. High-threshold Ca2+ channel currents were measured every 15 s following a 200 ms voltage step from -80 mV to 0 mV in order to study the coupling mechanism between neurotransmitter receptors and Ca2+ channels in neurones acutely isolated from the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) of the rat. 2. Application of 30 microM baclofen (GABAB receptor agonist) caused 38.9 +/- 1.2% inhibition of the peak inward Ba2+ current (IBa2+) in most NTS cells tested (n = 85 of 88). Somatostatin, 300 nM, also reduced IBa2+ by 31.3 +/- 1.6% in 53 cells of 82 tested. 3. Activation of mu-opioid-, GABAB- or somatostatin-receptors inhibited both N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channels. 4. The inhibition of Ca2+ currents by DAMGo (mu-opioid receptor agonist), baclofen and somatostatin was reduced by treatment with pertussis toxin and partially relieved by application of a 50 ms conditioning prepulse to +80 mV. This suggests that a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein was involved in the neurotransmitter-mediated action in the observed inhibition of Ca2+ currents. 5. Intracellular loading with an antiserum raised against the amino terminus of Go alpha (GC/2) markedly attenuated the somatostatin-induced inhibition, but did not block the DAMGO- and baclofen-induced inhibition. 6. These findings suggest at least two different pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-mediated pathways are involved in receptor-induced inhibition of Ca2+ currents in the NTS.
Parallel Scalable Unstructured CPR-Type Linear Solver for Reservoir Simulation (2005)

Abstract We describe a multistage parallel linear solver framework developed as part of the Intersect (IX) next-generation reservoir simulation project. The object-oriented framework allows for wide flexibility in the number of stages, methods and preconditioners. Here, we describe the specific components of a two-stage CPR1 (Constraint Pressure Residual) scheme designed for large-scale parallel, structured and unstructured linear systems. We developed a highly efficient in-house Parallel Algebraic Multigrid (PAMG) solver as the first stage preconditioner. For the second stage, we use a parallel ILU-type scheme. This new and powerful combination of CPR and PAMG was the result of detailed analysis of the linear system of equations associated with reservoir simulation. Using several difficult reservoir simulation problems, we demonstrate the robustness and excellent parallel scalability of the IX linear solver. For the field case studies, the IX linear solver with CPR and PAMG is at least five times faster than an established and widely used industrial linear solver. The performance advantage of the IX linear solver over traditional reservoir simulation linear solvers increases with both problem size and the number of processors.
Zwei Gynandromorphen Von Anergates Atratulus Schenk. (1908)

xBio:D Automated Upload
CFRP composite mirrors for space telescopes and their micro-dimensional stability (2010)

Ultra-lightweight and high-accuracy CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics) mirrors for space telescopes were fabricated to demonstrate their feasibility for light wavelength applications. The CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) of the allCFRP sandwich panels was tailored to be smaller than 1x10 -7 /K. The surface accuracy of mirrors of 150 mm in diameter was 1.8 um RMS as fabricated and the surface smoothness was improved to 20 nm RMS by using a replica technique. Moisture expansion was considered the largest in un-predictable surface preciseness errors. The moisture expansion affected not only homologous shape change but also out-of-plane distortion especially in unsymmetrical compositions. Dimensional stability due to the moisture expansion was compared with a structural mathematical model.
Use of wearable devices for post-discharge monitoring of ICU patients: a feasibility study (2017)

Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT02527408.
Wet thermal oxidation of AlAsSb lattice matched to InP for optoelectronic applications (1996)

We demonstrate wet thermal oxidation of an AlAsSb layer lattice matched to an InP substrate. Oxidation in an InGaAs/AlAsSb/InGaAs structure proceeds in a lateral direction, producing an oxide layer embedded between two layers of InGaAs. Auger analysis and Raman spectroscopy indicate conversion of the AlAsSb into an aluminum oxide with an elemental antimony layer at the top oxide-InGaAs interface. Scanning electron microscope cross-sectional views of partially and fully oxidized samples are also presented.
Medical and dental applications of cements (1971)

Abstract A number of cements based upon polymeric systems are being utilized in both medical and dental fields. The polymethyl methacrylate rapid polymerizing monomerpolymer materials have undergone extensive development as dental materials and are used widely also for rentention of orthopedic prostheses. The cyanocrylates and the newly developed zinc polycarboxylate cements are being used for a variety of dental applications. These latter materials display adhesion to soft tissue and calcified tissue, respectively, and the investigation of adhesion to these substrates compared with the mechanical retention of the methacrylate materials is of considerable interest. The polycarboxylate cements have unusual properties including minimal tissue irritation and relatively high strength. The ability to vary their formulation and manipulative properties has permitted their trial in a variety of clinical applications including cementation of stainless steel orthodontic brackets to teeth.
OSNR monitoring for QPSK and 16-QAM systems in presence of fiber nonlinearities for digital coherent receivers (2012)

OSNR monitoring is indispensable for coherent systems to ensure robust, reliable network operation and potentially enable impairment-aware routing for future dynamic optical networks. In a long-haul transmission link with chromatic dispersion (CD) and fiber nonlinearity, it is difficult to distinguish between amplifier noise and fiber nonlinearity induced distortions from received signal distributions even after various transmission impairment compensation techniques, thus resulting in grossly inaccurate OSNR estimates. Based on the received signal distributions after carrier phase estimation (CPE), we propose to characterize the nonlinearity-induced amplitude noise correlation across neighboring symbols and incorporate such information into error vector magnitude (EVM) calculation to realize fiber nonlinearity-insensitive OSNR monitoring. For a transmission link up to 1600 km and signal launched power up to 2 dBm, experimental results for 112 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed quadrature phase-shift keying (PM-QPSK) demonstrate an OSNR monitoring range of 10-24 dB with a maximum estimation error below 1 dB. For 224 Gb/s PM-16-quadrature amplitude modulation (PM-16-QAM) systems, simulation results demonstrate an OSNR monitoring range of 18-28 dB with a maximum estimation error below 1 dB. Tolerance of the proposed OSNR monitoring technique to different pulse shapes, timing phase offsets, polarization dependent loss (PDL), polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) and WDM effects are also investigated through simulations.
Celebrating the centennial (1894–1994): Leonardo Gigli and his wire saw (1995)

In spite of the recent introduction of craniotomes in neurosurgical practice, the simple but brilliant wire saw invented by Leonardo Gigli still holds an important place in neurosurgical instrumentation. Born in Florence in 1863, Gigli was forced by circumstances to leave Italy soon after getting his medical degree. He first spent 2 years attending the most celebrated obstetrical clinics in Paris and London and then, in 1892, moved to Breslau where he worked with Fritsch and Mikulicz. During this successful and rewarding period, Gigli proposed the lateralized pubiotomy (Gigli's operation) for safe delivery in cases of maternal pelvic deformities and, inspired by the sight of a jagged knife during a country banquet, conceived his wire saw to simplify the procedure. In 1894, at Professor Obalinski's suggestion, he successfully tested a modified saw type with a whalebone guide for the preparation of osteoplastic cranial flaps. In spite of his great popularity and the high esteem in which he was held abroad, Gigli's aims were systematically belittled in Italy, where he never qualified for a university teaching position. He died in 1908, at age 44. Although the once celebrated Gigli's operation has merely historical interest today, the favorable features of his wire saw make it a safe and efficient tool in the hands of twentieth-century neurosurgeons worldwide.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBENE INSERTION INTO (2.2)METACYCLOPHANE‐1,10‐DIONE: A CONVENIENT ROUTE TO (3.2)‐ AND (3.3)‐METACYCLOPHANES (1982)

Abstract Umsetzung des Metacyclophandions (I) mit CH 2 N 2 liefert nach 20 min bzw. 20 h Reaktionsdauer die [3.2] Metacyclophane (II) bzw. die [3.3]‐Homologen (III)+(IV); das nicht trennbare Gemisch (IIIa)+(IIIb) wird mit dem Dithiol (V) in die Bis‐dithioacetale (VIa) + (VIb) übergeführt, die nach chromatographischer Trennung zu (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb) oxidativ verseift werden.
An overview of management information systems (1973)

research-article Free Access Share on An overview of management information systems Author: James C. Emery The Wharton School The Wharton SchoolView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGMIS Database: the DATABASE for Advances in Information SystemsVolume 5Issue 2-3-4Winter 1973 pp 1–15https://doi.org/10.1145/2579442.2579443Online:01 December 1973Publication History 7citation79DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations7Total Downloads79Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Comparison of three series fed microstrip array geometries (2002)

The authors describe three different design approaches for series-fed broadside microstrip arrays having a center feed point. The first array uses a standard standing-wave feed design, but with the novel feature that the patch width is varied in order to obtain the desired amplitude taper. The second design also uses patches of varying widths, but the main feed line is designed to be matched at each patch tap point. The third array uses a center-fed feed network with each half of the array designed as a traveling-wave array with a main beam angle slightly off broadside. As a comparative example, the authors have designed and tested a 16-element array with a 22-dB sidelobe level for each of the above designs. Patterns, bandwidth, gain, and directivity have been compared for the three designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hearing Impairment Associated With Depression in US Adults, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2010 (2014)

After accounting for health conditions and other factors, including trouble seeing, self-reported HI and audiometrically determined HI were significantly associated with depression, particularly in women. Health care professionals should be aware of an increased risk for depression among adults with hearing loss.