gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A minimum time seek controller for a disk drive (1995)

A time optimal controller design is proposed for the purpose of steering the read/write head of a magnetic disk drive during a seek manuever. The design includes the development of a switch-on-time (SOT) open loop slew control using a third order model of the voice coil motor. The SOT algorithm employs a look up table of switch times versus angle. A perturbation correction stage is included to tailor the switch times to adjust for variations in the operating characteristic of the disk drive (due, for example to heat buildup, wear, etc.). The design also includes a terminal stage servo control that employs an optimal feedback/feedforward controller which is used to provide precise positioning at the end of the seek maneuver.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
GPU-Based Hierarchical Texture Decompression (2006)

We propose a hierarchical texture compression algorithm for real-time decompression on the GPU. Our algorithm is characterized by low computational complexity, random access and hierarchical structure which allow us to access first three levels of encoded mip-map pyramid. The hierarchical texture compression algorithm HiTCg is based on block-wise approach, where each block is subject to local fractal transform.
FMCW Signals for Radar Imaging and Channel Sounding (2015)

A linear / stepped frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) signal has for a long time been used in radar and channel sounding. A novel FMCW waveform known as âGated FMCWâ signal is proposed in this thesis for the suppression of strong undesired signals in microwave radar applications, such as: through-the-wall, ground penetrating, and medical imaging radar. In these applications the crosstalk signal between antennas and the reflections form the early interface (wall, ground surface, or skin respectively) are much stronger in magnitude compared to the backscattered signal from the target. Consequently, if not suppressed they overshadow the targetâs return making detection a difficult task. Moreover, these strong unwanted reflections limit the radarâs dynamic range and might saturate or block the receiver causing the reflection from actual targets (especially targets with low radar cross section) to appear as noise. The effectiveness of the proposed waveform as a suppression technique was investigated in various radar scenarios, through numerical simulations and experiments. Comparisons of the radar images obtained for the radar system operating with the standard linear FMCW signal and with the proposed Gated FMCW waveform are also made. \nIn addition to the radar work the application of FMCW signals to radio propagation measurements and channel characterisation in the 60 GHz and 2-6 GHz frequency bands in indoor and outdoor environments is described. The data are used to predict the bit error rate performance of the in-house built measurement based channel simulator and the results are compared with the theoretical multipath channel simulator available in Matlab. \n
Light-Controlled Molecular Switches Modulate Nanocrystal Fluorescence (2005)

Spiropyran dyes were attached to fluorescent core-shell CdSe/ZnS nanocrystals via thiol-containing linkers. Photoisomerization of the dye to its merocyanine form by UV irradiation caused a dramatic loss in the intrinsic nanoparticle fluorescence, which was regained upon reversing the isomerization with visible light. The fluorescence quenching efficiency increased with increasing spectral overlap of fluorescence emission and merocyanine adsorption bands, consistent with FRET as the quenching mechanism. Typically, complete quenching required at least 80 bound dye molecules per particle.
The three-dimensional shape of serrations at barn owl wings: towards a typical natural serration as a role model for biomimetic applications (2011)

Barn owl feathers at the leading edge of the wing are equipped with comb-like structures termed serrations on their outer vanes. Each serration is formed by one barb ending that separates and bends upwards. This structure is considered to play a role in air-flow control and noise reduction during flight. Hence, it has considerable potential for engineering applications, particularly in the aviation industry. Several publications have reported possible functions of serrations at artificial airfoils. However, only crude approximations of natural serrations have so far been investigated. We refer to these attempts as zero-order approximations of serrations. It was the goal of this study to present a quantitative three-dimensional characterization of natural serrations as first-order approximations (mean values) and second-order approximations (listed differences depending on the position of the serration along the leading edge). Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used for a three-dimensional reconstruction and investigation with high spatial resolution. Each serration was defined by its length, profile geometry and curvature. Furthermore, the orientation of the serrations at the leading edge was characterized by the inclination angle, the tilt angle and the separation distance of neighboring serrations. These data are discussed with respect to possible applications of serration-like structures for noise suppression and air-flow control.
Inactivation of <i>Escherichia coli</i> outer‐membrane phospholipase A by the affinity label hexadecanesulfonyl fluoride (1991)

The Escherichia coli outer-membrane phospholipase A (OM PLA) is a membrane-bound acyl hydrolase with a broad substrate specificity. In order to obtain more insight into the mechanism of action of this enzyme, we designed an active-site-directed inhibitor for OM PLA on the basis of the known substrate specificity as a first step in the elucidation of the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme. The inhibitor, hexadecanesulfonyl fluoride, consists of a long hydrocarbon chain for high-affinity binding by the enzyme and a sulfonyl fluoride moiety as a reactive group. The kinetics of the inactivation of OM PLA by hexadecanesulfonyl fluoride were studied in Triton X-100 micelles. Inactivation is very fast, specific and shows the same characteristics with respect to acyl specificity, pH profile and metal ion requirement as the activity of OM PLA on substrates. Incubation of OM PLA with a stoichiometric amount of hexadecanesulfonyl fluoride leads to a total and irreversible loss of enzyme activity, resulting from the sulfonylation of Ser144. This Ser144, which we suggest to be the active-site serine of OM PLA, is part of the sequence HDSNG, whereas in the water-soluble serine proteases and lipases the structural motif GXSXG is normally encountered. On the basis of the kinetics of inactivation of OM PLA by hexadecanesulfonyl fluoride, we discuss a possible catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
Gas‐Liquid Mass Transfer Approach applied to the Modeling of Flotation in a Bubble Column (2008)

Abstract A kinetic model developed to describe flotation in a bubble column is presented. This model, developed on the basis of the theory of mass transfer in gas‐liquid flows, makes explicit in its formulation the effect of the superficial saturation of bubbles on the kinetics of flotation. The model is applied to the simulation of flotation column experiments for which the classical first‐order models, commonly used in flotation modeling, are insufficient to represent the flotation kinetics. The results of the simulations obtained under different hypotheses of simplification and compared to experimental data show that the model succeeds in representing the flotation kinetics in these cases.
Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen based on indoxyl phosphate substrate (1994)

Journal Article Chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay of prostate-specific antigen based on indoxyl phosphate substrate Get access S Albrecht, S Albrecht Inst. of Clin. Chem., Med. Academy Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Brandl, H Brandl Inst. of Clin. Chem., Med. Academy Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M Steinke, M Steinke Inst. of Clin. Chem., Med. Academy Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T Freidt T Freidt Inst. of Clin. Chem., Med. Academy Dresden, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 10, 1 October 1994, Pages 1970–1971, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.10.1970 Published: 01 October 1994
2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus strains display differential pathogenicity in C57BL/6J but not BALB/c mice (2011)

Influenza A viruses are the causative agents of annual epidemics and occasional pandemics. The pathogenicity of influenza viruses is determined by complex interplay of viral and host factors. While some knowledge exists on viral determinants of pathogenicity, little is known on the host factors involved. Here, we discuss our recent findings on host genetic variations involved in disease outcome. We found that 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza A virus strains (pH1N1) are low pathogenic in BALB/c but display differential pathogenicities in C57BL/6J mice. In contrast, a highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) strain of the H5N1 subtype isolated from a fatal human case was more virulent in BALB/c than C57BL/6J mice. As a control, we used a seasonal H1N1 influenza virus which showed marginal pathogenicity in both mouse strains. Thus, differences in pH1N1 virulence become visible in C57BL/6J mice, while intrinsic pH1N1 pathogenicity markers are masked in BALB/c mice. Further, increased pH1N1 virulence correlated with a depressed cytokine response in C57BL/6J mice, while increased H5N1 virulence correlated with an elevated proinflammatory cytokine response in BALB/c mice. These findings indicate that disease severity can be strongly regulated by the host genetic background. Moreover, our findings suggest that differential host determinants contribute to the pathogenesis of pH1N1 and human H5N1 influenza viruses. Further studies are needed to identify the responsible viral factors involved in enhanced pH1N1 virulence in C57BL/6J mice. Also, extensive studies are needed to identify and characterize cellular factors regulating pH1N1 or H5N1 susceptibility in a host dependent manner. These observations extend our knowledge on influenza virus pathogenicity and highlight the role of host dependent factors, especially in pH1N1 susceptibility. We propose the C57BL/6J mouse strain as a convenient small animal model to study pH1N1 virulence determinants. Furthermore, the C57BL/6J mouse strain might also represent a suitable model for the assessment of pH1N1 vaccine candidates or the evaluation of antiviral therapies.
Multiphasic DNA Adsorption to Silica Surfaces under Varying Buffer, pH, and Ionic Strength Conditions (2012)

Reversible interactions between DNA and silica are utilized in the solid phase extraction and purification of DNA from complex samples. Chaotropic salts commonly drive DNA binding to silica but inhibit DNA polymerase amplification. We studied DNA adsorption to silica using conditions with or without chaotropic salts through bulk depletion and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) experiments. While more DNA adsorbed to silica using chaotropic salts, certain buffer conditions without chaotropic salts yielded a similar amount of eluted DNA. QCM results indicate that under stronger adsorbing conditions the adsorbed DNA layer is initially rigid but becomes viscoelastic within minutes. These results qualitatively agreed with a mathematical model for a multiphasic adsorption process. Buffer conditions that do not require chaotropic salts can simplify protocols for nucleic acid sample preparation. Understanding how DNA adsorbs to silica can help optimize nucleic acid sample preparation for clinical diagnostic and research applications.
BaxΔ2 Is a Novel Bax Isoform Unique to Microsatellite Unstable Tumors (2012)

The pro-death Bcl-2 family protein and tumor suppressor Bax is frequently mutated in tumors with microsatellite instability (MSI). The mutation often results in a "Bax negative" phenotype and therefore is generally thought to be beneficial to the development of the tumor. Here, we report the identification of a novel Bax isoform, BaxΔ2, which is unique to microsatellite unstable tumors. BaxΔ2 is generated by a unique combination of a microsatellite deletion in Bax exon 3 and alternative splicing of Bax exon 2. Consistently, BaxΔ2 is only detected in MSI cell lines and primary tumors. BaxΔ2 is a potent cell death inducer but does not directly target mitochondria. In addition, BaxΔ2 sensitizes certain MSI tumor cells to a subset of chemotherapeutic agents, such as adriamycin. Thus, our data provide evidence that mutation and alternative splicing of tumor suppressors such as Bax are not always beneficial to tumor development but can be detrimental instead.
Reductions in Acetylcholine and Nicotine Binding in Several Degenerative Diseases (1988)

Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy are all characterized by loss of neurons in the basal forebrain cholinergic system and by associated reductions in cortical presynaptic cholinergic markers, such as choline acetyltransferase. In this report, we identify that a major cortical receptor alteration in these disorders is a reduction in nicotinic receptors measured using both tritiated acetylcholine and levorotatory tritiated nicotine binding.
Development of a Sensitive Assay to Detect Reversibly Oxidized Protein Cysteine Sulfhydryl Groups (2001)

Protein sulfhydryl groups can undergo reversible oxidation reactions in response to reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species. Sensitive detection of sulfhydryl group oxidation in specific proteins is required to further our understanding of protein redox changes in biological systems. In general, to detect reversible oxidation reactions the oxidized sulfur atom is reduced to a sulfhydryl group followed by a reaction with a quantifiable agent. Our aim was to develop a sensitive method to detect reversibly oxidized protein sulfhydryl groups in a Western blot format. Conjugation of methoxypolyethylene glycol-maleimide (MAL-PEG) to protein sulfhydryl groups was optimized. Once MAL-PEG forms a covalent bond with the protein, the MAL-PEG-protein conjugate can be detected as a band shift by western analysis. The efficiency of MAL-PEG conjugation to protein was determined with creatine kinase. MAL-PEG conjugated to approximately 100% of the available sulfhydryl groups on creatine kinase within 30 min. Band shift detection sensitivity was measured using the redox-regulated protein p53. MAL-PEG conjugation coupled to western analysis detected a minimum of 0.23 pmol of oxidized p53. The MAL-PEG conjugation method described in this communication can be used to assess the reversible sulfhydryl oxidation status of proteins for which antibodies suitable for western analysis are available.
Alignment-Insensitive Coupling for PLC-Based Surface Mount Photonics (2004)

A flip-chip waveguide coupler with an order of magnitude greater alignment tolerance than competing approaches is presented for the first time. Experimental data for an "optical jumper" agree with simple design considerations. Application to a planar lightwave circuit-based surface mount photonics platform is outlined.
Overexpression and elevated plasma level of tumor‐associated antigen 90K/Mac‐2 binding protein in colorectal carcinoma (2008)

The cancer cell secretome may contain potentially useful biomarkers. Previously, we have analyzed the colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell secretome. In this study, tumor-associated antigen 90K (TAA90K)/Mac-2 binding protein (Mac-2BP), one of the CRC cell secreted proteins, was chosen for evaluation as a potential CRC biomarker because its mRNA level was also found to be significantly elevated in CRC tissues and in a more metastatic CRC cell line from the analysis of two public domain array-based datasets. Immunohistochemical analysis of 241 CRC specimens showed that TAA90K/Mac-2BP was positively detected in 52.7% of the tumors, but weakly or not detected in over 95% of the adjacent nontumor epithelial cells. The plasma TAA90K/Mac-2BP levels were significantly higher in CRC patients (N = 280) versus healthy controls (N = 147) (7.77 ± 3.49 vs. 5.72 ± 2.67 μg/mL, p<0.001). Moreover, combination of TAA90K/Mac-2BP and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) could outperform CEA alone in discriminating CRC patients from healthy persons in this case-control study. Our results collectively indicate that analysis of cancer cell secretome is a feasible strategy for identifying cancer biomarker candidates, and the TAA90K/Mac-2BP may be a potential CRC biomarker.
Beta-adrenoceptor binding potencies of new aliphatic and alicyclic oxime ethers and their relevance to intraocular pressure control. (1989)

The selectivity and binding potency of a series of alkyliminoxypropanolamines characterized by the lack of an aromatic nucleus are studied using a new non-selective radioligand, (-)-(125I)-Iodocyanopindolol. The relationship between the effectiveness in lowering the intraocular pressure (IOP) in experimental hypertensive rabbit eyes and their capacity to bind to ciliary processes beta 2-adrenoceptors is discussed. The inhibition constant (Ki) and beta 2/beta 1 ratios indicate a beta 2-selectivity for the tested drugs. Cyclopropyl, dicyclopropyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl derivatives displayed a potent binding to ciliary processes beta 2-adrenoceptors and lowered the IOP about -18%. These compounds induced a lowering in IOP equal to that produced by timolol and appear to be effective and safe beta-adrenergic antagonists in open-angle glaucoma therapy. Decreasing the size of the alkyl group of the oxime, removing the oxime function or modifying the beta-hydroxyl group from the side chain led to a significant decrease in beta 2-adrenoceptor binding and induced weak hypotensive ocular activity. Since the tested alkyliminoxypropanolamine series has very similar physicochemical characteristics and therefore, ruled out the differences in their ability to reach, through the cornea, the targeted ciliary processes, it was demonstrated that contrary to generally held views, the action of the new beta-antagonist series on IOP is related to their ability to antagonize ocular beta 2-adrenoceptors.
Nanoparticle Route for the Preparation in Aqueous Medium of Mesoporous TiO<sub>2</sub> with Controlled Porosity and Crystalline Framework (2010)

Mesoporous TiO2 with tunable pore size and mono-, bi-, and tricrystalline frameworks was prepared from titania nanoparticles synthesized by a sol−gel method. The synthesis was performed by using an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, Pluronic F127, as a structure-directing agent and titanium isopropoxide as a precursor. The structure-directing agent was added in a presynthesized colloidal suspension composed of bicrystalline titania nanoparticles dispersed in an aqueous medium. By varying the ratio between the number of ethoxy units and the number of titanium atoms (EO/Ti), mesoporous TiO2 materials with controlled pore size were synthesized. Materials were characterized by TG/DTA, XRD, SEM, TEM, and N2 adsorption−desorption analysis. In the absence of copolymer, the porosity was low, indicating efficiently packed TiO2 nanoparticles. As the EO/Ti ratio was increased, the average pore size and the specific surface area became larger, whereas the crystallite size of anatase and brookite became smaller. The addition of copolymer induced the enrichment of the brookite polymorph, prevented particle growth, and delayed the formation of rutile. Bimodal (mesoporous−macroporous) N-doped titania with a pure anatase framework was obtained by using diethanolamine (DEA) as the source of nitrogen.
Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on 2-(Stilben-4-yl)benzoxazole Derivatives:  An Implication on the Emission Mechanism (2001)

A series of 2-(stilben-4-yl)benzoxazole derivatives (BOXSB-X) was prepared and used as a dopant in the fabrication of organic light-emitting diodes. With a device structure of ITO/NPB/CBP/TPBI:3%BOXSB-X/TPBI/Mg:Ag, where NPB, CBP, and TPBI stand for 4,4‘-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]-biphenyl, 4,4‘-dicarbazolyl-1,1‘-biphenyl, and 2,2‘,2‘ ‘-(1,3,5-phenylene)tris-[1-phenyl-1H-benzimidazole], respectively, light emission from the dopant was observed under electric bias, presumably due to energy transfer between the host TPBI exciton and the dopant. Bright blue emission with a luminance ranging between 8 000 and 13 000 cd/m2 was obtained depending on the substituent on the stilbene moiety. However, with a device structure of ITO/NPB/TPBI:3%BOXSB-X/TPBI/Mg:Ag, where no CBP layer was present, the recombination/emission region shifted to the NPB layer except in the device doped with dimethylamino-substituted benzoxazole derivative, in which case the carrier trap mechanism is suggested to be responsible for the emission from the dopant.
Backgating studies in In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As modulation-doped field-effect transistors (1988)

A study is presented of the backgating effects in normal and inverted modulation-doped field-effect transistors (MODFETs) grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and their dependence on material properties and device geometry. The experiments were performed on devices with 2- mu m gate lengths. The effects of both positive and negative (with respect to the source of the experimental devices) voltages applied to both ohmic and Schottky side contacts were investigated. The inverted MODFET structures, which have a very-high-resistance InAlAs buffer layer, showed negligible backgating characteristics up to side-contact voltages as high as 50 V. The normal structures, on the other hand, were very sensitive to the side-contact voltages with essentially a zero threshold voltage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical virus detection and prevention (1990)

Examines how viruses attack a system, and what practical methods can be used to ensure they are detected and prevented. >
Modeling of the tert.-butylbenzene pyrolysis in supercritical water (1996)

Ueberkritisches Wasser (T&gt;374 C, p&gt;22.1 MPa) ist ein effektives Reaktionsmedium fuer den Abbau von organischen Substanzen. Es wird auch fuer die Synthese von neuen Produkten interessant. Die Gruende hierfuer sind die variable Dichte und die hohe Loeslichkeit von organischen Komponenten in diesem Reaktionsmedium. Die Modellierung von Reaktionen in ueberkritischem Wasser sollte - wie allgemein ueblich - auf der Basis von Elementarreaktionen erfolgen, die zu einem System von gewoehnlichen Differentialgleichungen fuehren. Das Hauptproblem ist, dass die meisten Reaktionsgeschwindigkeits-Parameter nur fuer niedrige Druecke bekannt sind. Es sind einige wenige Ansaetze gemacht worden, um die Druckabhaengigkeit von Elementarreaktionen zu berechnen, aber es ist schwierig, die Loesungsmitteleffekte quantitativ zu beruecksichtigen. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurden die kinetischen Parameter der Elementarreaktionen mit Hilfe von experimentellen Ergebnissen und Modellberechnungen optimiert. Der chemische Mechanismus, die kinetischen Parameter, die Anfangskonzentrationen und die experimentellen Parameter, wie Reaktionszeit und Reaktionstemperatur, bilden die Ausgangsdatei fuer die Berechnung der Produktbildung. Die Berechnungen wurden durch das LARKIN-Programmpaket fuer homogene, isotherme und isobare Bedingungen durchgefuehrt. (orig./SR)