gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The TimberWolf placement and routing package (1985)

TimberWolf is an integrated set of placement and routing optimization programs. The general combinatorial optimization technique known as simulated annealing is used by each program. Programs for standard cell, macro/custom cell, and gate-array placement, as well as standard cell global routing, have been developed. Experimental results on industrial circuits show that area savings over existing layout programs ranging from 15 to 62% are possible.
N-Methylation of O-benzyl-.alpha.-N-(alkoxycarbonyl)-.alpha.-amino acid hydroxamate derivatives (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-Methylation of O-benzyl-.alpha.-N-(alkoxycarbonyl)-.alpha.-amino acid hydroxamate derivativesK. Ramasamy, Richard K. Olsen, and Thomas EmeryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 26, 5438–5441Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00339a047https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00339a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views365Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ORGANOMETALLIC EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF GaAs<sub>1-x</sub>P<sub>x</sub> (1982)

Successful epitaxial growth of GaAs1-xPx using (CH3) 3Ga, AsH3 and PH3 is reported. The epitaxial Layer quality is evaluated from SEM analysis and from optical data. A systematic study of variations in the incorporation rates of the group V atoms (As and P) with growth parameters is presented. From a simple model for the incorporation, an activation energy EA≈1.0 eV is deduced for the P/As mixture in the solid. This result is discussed in tenns of vapour phase reactions and adsorption/desorption processes at the vapour-solid interface.
Water Solvent Method for Esterification and Amide Formation between Acid Chlorides and Alcohols Promoted by Combined Catalytic Amines: Synergy between <i>N</i>‐Methylimidazole and <i>N,N,N′,N′</i>‐Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) (2006)

Abstract An efficient method for esterification between acid chlorides and alcohols in water as solvent has been developed by combining the catalytic amines, N ‐methylimidazole and N,N,N′,N′ ‐tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA). The present Schotten–Baumann‐type reaction was performed by maintaining the pH at around 11.5 using a pH controller to prevent the decomposition of acid chlorides and/or esters and to facilitate the condensation. The choice of catalysts (0.1 equiv.) was crucial: the combined use of N ‐methylimidazole and TMEDA exhibited a dramatic synergistic effect. The catalytic amines have two different roles: (i) N ‐methylimidazole forms highly reactive ammonium intermediates with acid chlorides and (ii) TMEDA acts as an effective HCl binder. The production of these intermediates was rationally supported by a careful 1 H NMR monitoring study. Related amide formation was also achieved between acid chlorides and primary or secondary amines, including less nucleophilic or water‐soluble amines such as 2‐(or 4‐)chloroaniline, the Weinreb N ‐methoxyamine, and 2,2‐dimethoxyethanamine.
A Novel FK506-Like Binding Protein Interacts with the Glucocorticoid Receptor and Regulates Steroid Receptor Signaling (2008)

FKBP-like (FKBPL) protein is a novel immunophilin-like protein that plays a role in the cellular stress response. Its three tetratricopeptide repeat motifs are homologous to the heat shock protein 90 interaction sites of other immunophilins that have roles in steroid hormone receptor signaling. In this study, using biomolecular complementation and coimmunoprecipitation techniques, we show that FKBPL also colocalizes and interacts with the components of the heat shock protein 90-glucocorticoid receptor (GR) complex and demonstrate that the PPIase domain of FKBPL is important for the interaction between this complex and the dynein motor protein, dynamitin. Treatment of DU145 cells with the GR ligand, dexamethasone, induced a rapid and coordinated translocation of both GR and FKBPL to the nucleus; this response was perturbed when FKBPL was knocked down with a targeted small interfering RNA. Furthermore, overexpression of FKBPL increased GR protein levels and transactivation of a luciferase reporter gene in response to dexamethasone in DU145 cells. However, these responses were cell line dependent. In summary, these data suggest that FKBPL can be classed as a new member of the FKBP protein family with a role in steroid receptor complexes and signaling.
SRS induced depletion of 1540 nm signal co-propagatingwith 1630 nm OTDR pulses (1996)

Recently 1625/1650 nm optical time domain reflectometers (OTDRs) have become commercially available. One application of these OTDRs is the monitoring of fibres with live traffic at 1550 nm. The authors present experimental results which show that stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) gives rise to a depletion of the signal.
Notes anthropologiques sur les restes humains Kerma (Soudan) : campagne 1986-1988 (1988)

Notes anthropologiques sur les restes humains Kerma (Soudan) -Cam pagne 1986-1988
Transcription profiling of renal cell carcinoma. (2002)

Transcription profiling using high-density cDNA arrays is a powerful method with the potential to improve cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The identification and classification of differentially transcribed genes, as described in our study, is the beginning of a more complete understanding of kidney cancer.
The Involvement of Heparan Sulfate (HS) in FGF1/HS/FGFR1 Signaling Complex (2003)

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling begins with the formation of a ternary complex of FGF, FGF receptor (FGFR), and heparan sulfate (HS). Multiple models have been proposed for the ternary complex. However, major discrepancies exist among those models, and none of these models have evaluated the functional importance of the interacting regions on the HS chains. To resolve the discrepancies, we measured the size and molar ratio of HS in the complex and showed that both FGF1 and FGFR1 simultaneously interact with HS; therefore, a model of 2:2:2 FGF1.HS.FGFR1 was shown to fit the data. Using genetic and biochemical methods, we generated HSs that were defective in FGF1 and/or FGFR1 binding but could form the signaling ternary complex. Both genetically and chemically modified HSs were subsequently assessed in a BaF3 cell mitogenic activity assay. The ability of HS to support the ternary complex formation was found to be required for FGF1-stimulated cell proliferation. Our data also proved that specific critical groups and sites on HS support complex formation. Furthermore, the molar ratio of HS, FGF1, and FGFR1 in the ternary complex was found to be independent of the size of HS, which indicates that the selected model can take place on the cell surface proteoglycans. Finally, a mechanism for the FGF.FGFR signaling complex formation on cell membrane was proposed, where FGF and FGFR have their own binding sites on HS and a distinct ternary complex formation site is directly responsible for mitogenic activity.
Lattice Anharmonicity and Thermal Conductivity from Compressive Sensing of First-Principles Calculations (2014)

First-principles prediction of lattice thermal conductivity κ(L) of strongly anharmonic crystals is a long-standing challenge in solid-state physics. Making use of recent advances in information science, we propose a systematic and rigorous approach to this problem, compressive sensing lattice dynamics. Compressive sensing is used to select the physically important terms in the lattice dynamics model and determine their values in one shot. Nonintuitively, high accuracy is achieved when the model is trained on first-principles forces in quasirandom atomic configurations. The method is demonstrated for Si, NaCl, and Cu(12)Sb(4)S(13), an earth-abundant thermoelectric with strong phonon-phonon interactions that limit the room-temperature κ(L) to values near the amorphous limit.
Conventional Versus Epineural Sleeve Neurorrhaphy Technique: Functional and Histomorphometric Analysis (2002)

Three methods of nerve repair involving the epineural sleeve technique were compared with conventional nerve repair using the rat sciatic nerve transection model in four groups. In group 1, the sciatic nerve was repaired using the conventional epineural technique by placing four sutures. In groups 2, 3, and 4, the epineural sleeve technique was combined with two sutures, fibrin glue, and two sutures with fibrin glue, respectively. Functional recovery was evaluated using walking track analysis, limb circumference, and the severity of toe contracture. Diameter of the sciatic nerve fibers, total number of myelinated fibers, diameter of the myelin sheath, and the axon-to-fiber diameter ratio were measured at 12 weeks. The results showed better functional recovery as well as a higher number of myelinated fibers in groups using the epineural sleeve technique compared with conventional technique ( < 0.05). The addition of fibrin glue, however, did not make any significant difference. The epineural sleeve technique was found to be superior when compared with conventional nerve repair, providing faster functional recovery and improved nerve regeneration.
Hypoxia and Glucose Metabolism in Malignant Tumors (2004)

Hypoxia is a general factor affecting glucose metabolism; however, some hypoxic tumors can have modest glucose metabolism, whereas some highly metabolic tumors are not hypoxic, showing discordance in tracer uptake that can be tumor type specific.
Factors enhancing In<inf>0.7</inf>Ga<inf>0.3</inf>As MOSFETs and tunneling FETs device performance (2010)

We demonstrate key factors enabling mobility improvement at both low charge density and high density (>5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) in In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As quantum-well MOSFETs. We further show sub-threshold swing (SS) and on-current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) improvement in tunneling FETs (TFETs). By reducing EOT, optimizing the top-barrier/high-κ interface, and confining carriers in In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.7</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.3</sub> As channel using In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.52</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.48</sub> As bottom-barrier, SS and mobility of MOSFETs were improved from 152 to 99 mV/dec and from ~2500 to ~5000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V-s, respectively. TFETs achieved small SS (96 mV/dec) and high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> (55 μA/μm) due to low EOT and abrupt, vertical insitu grown III-V epitaxial junctions.
"Yoking-proofs" for RFID tags (2004)

RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags are small, inexpensive microchips capable of transmitting unique identifiers wirelessly over a short distance. Thanks to their utility in automating supply-chain logistics, RFID tags promise eventually to supplant the optical barcode as a means of identifying goods. We propose the concept of a yoking-proof, namely a proof that a pair of RFID tags has been scanned simultaneously. Our particular aim is to permit tags to generate a proof that is verifiable off-line by a trusted entity, even when readers are potentially untrusted. We suggest that such proofs are a useful tool for maintaining integrity in supply chains, particularly as RFID data will commonly flow across multiple, loosely affiliated organizations.
Comparing pulse radiation from the unloaded ice cream cone and resistively loaded cone (2011)

By using the WIPL-D Time Domain Solver (TDS) to analyze the performance of the unloaded ice cream cone monopole (ICC) and the resistively loaded cone RC, it is shown that the ICC offers higher efficiency without the complications of resistive loading. It was also shown that the pulse response was improved by using a less abrupt junction at the interface between the coaxial line and the ground plane.
<i>Penicillium</i><i>expansum</i>:  Consistent Production of Patulin, Chaetoglobosins, and Other Secondary Metabolites in Culture and Their Natural Occurrence in Fruit Products (2004)

Penicillium expansum is known for its destructive rot and patulin production in apple juice. According to the literature, P. expansum can, among other compounds, produce citrinin, ochratoxin A, patulin, penitrem A, and rubratoxin B. In this study the qualitative production of metabolites was examined using TLC (260 isolates), HPLC (85 isolates), and MS (22 isolates). The results showed that none of the 260 isolates produced ochratoxin A, penitrem A, or rubratoxin B. However, chaetoglobosin A and communesin B were produced consistently by all 260 isolates. Patulin and roquefortine C were produced by 98% of the isolates. Expansolides A/B and citrinin were detected in 91 and 85% of the isolates, respectively. Chaetoglobosins and communesins were detected in naturally infected juices and potato pulp, whereas neither patulin nor citrinin was found. Because most P. expansum isolates produce patulin, citrinin, chaetoglobosins, communesins, roquefortine C, and expansolides A and B, foods contaminated with this fungus should ideally be examined for chaetoglobosin A as well as patulin.
A Low-Complexity, High-Performance Fetch Unit for Simultaneous Multithreading Processors (2005)

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) is an architectural technique that allows for the parallel execution of several threads simultaneously. Fetch performance has been identified as the most important bottleneck for SMT processors. The commonly adopted solution has been fetching from more than one thread each cycle. Recent studies have proposed a plethora of fetch policies to deal with fetch priority among threads, trying to increase fetch performance. We demonstrate that the simultaneous sharing of the fetch unit, apart from increasing the complexity of the fetch unit, can be counterproductive in terms of performance. We evaluate the use of high-performance fetch units in the context of SMT. Our new fetch architecture proposal allows us to feed an 8-way processor fetching from a single thread each cycle, reducing complexity, and increasing the usefulness of proposed fetch policies. Our results show that using new high-performance fetch units, like the FTB or the stream fetch, provides higher performance than fetching from two threads using common SMT fetch architectures. Furthermore, our results show that our design obtains better average performance for any kind of workloads (both ILP and memory bounded benchmarks), in contrast to previously proposed solutions.
The results of revision of total hip arthroplasty (1979)

The results of 140 total hip revision procedures for "non-septic" loosening, dislocation, and fracture of the femoral stem or shaft have been personally reviewed and rated by the Harris method. The minimum follow-up period was six months: thirty-three (24 per cent) showed excellent or good results, seventy-two (51 per cent) showed fair or poor results. Subsequent excision arthroplasty was performed in thirty-one patients. The infection rate for these revision procedures was very high, suggesting that many were already infected at the time of revision, and that every "loose" hip must be assumed to be infected until proved otherwise. The mortality rate of 3 per cent was surprisingly low after more than one major surgical procedure in these elderly patients.
The State and the Contemporary World-Economy (1982)

The evolution of late capitalism, as outlined in the preceding chapter, has concentrated and centralised economic power at a world scale into a small number of multinational conglomerates. Most of these conglomerates are much larger than the majority of the world’s countries, if one compares, for example, assets controlled against national wealth or annual turnover against gross national product. Thus the major capitalist enterprises are among the most important actors in the contemporary world-economy.
Direct Analysis of Single Nucleotide Variation in Human DNA and RNA Using <i>In Situ</i> Dot Hybridization (1989)

Using oligonucleotide hybridization, single and multiple nucleotide differences between alleles were detected directly in genomic DNA without electrophoretic separation. The DNA was immobilized in depressions in an agarose gel (in situ dots) and hybridized with radiolabeled, allele-specific oligonucleotide probes. An oligonucleotide complementary to a unique sequence region of the human major histocompatibility complex gene HLA-B27 only hybridized with genomic DNA from an HLA-B27-positive individual. Two other oligonucleotides complementary to the normal human beta-globin gene (beta A) and to the sickle cell globin gene (beta S) were synthesized. Using competition hybridization conditions which included the presence of a 10-fold molar excess of unlabeled oligonucleotide complementary to the other beta-globin allele, DNA from individuals homozygous for the normal beta-globin gene (beta A beta A) hybridized to the beta A probe exclusively, whereas DNA from individuals homozygous for the sickle cell globin gene (beta S beta S) hybridized only with the probe for the sickle cell gene. As expected, DNA from heterozygous individuals bound to both probes. Similar results were obtained with total human RNA immobilized in in situ dots. Possible applications of this methodology include genetic disease diagnosis, population carrier screening, HLA "DNA" typing, and DNA and RNA sequence polymorphism analysis.
Fibrillated polyacrylic fiber in combustible cartridge cases (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFibrillated polyacrylic fiber in combustible cartridge casesPeter L. DeLuca and John C. WilliamsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1984, 23, 3, 438–441Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300015a021https://doi.org/10.1021/i300015a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mad Max: Affine Spline Insights Into Deep Learning (2020)

We build a rigorous bridge between deep networks (DNs) and approximation theory via spline functions and operators. Our key result is that a large class of DNs can be written as a composition of max-affine spline operators (MASOs) that provide a powerful portal through which we view and analyze their inner workings. For instance, conditioned on the spline partition region containing the input signal, the output of an MASO DN can be written as a simple affine transformation of the input. This implies that a DN constructs a set of signal-dependent, class-specific templates against which the signal is compared via a simple inner product; we explore the links to the classical theory of optimal classification via matched filters and the effects of data memorization. Going further, we propose a simple penalty term that can be added to the cost function of any DN learning algorithm to force the templates to be orthogonal with each other; this leads to significantly improved classification performance and reduced overfitting with no change to the DN architecture. The spline partition of the input signal space that is implicitly induced by an MASO directly links DNs to the theory of vector quantization (VQ) and K-means clustering, which opens up new geometric avenues to study how DNs organize signals in a hierarchical fashion. To validate the utility of the VQ interpretation, we develop and validate a new distance metric for signals and images that quantify the difference between their VQ encodings.
IoT Privacy and Security Challenges for Smart Home Environments (2016)

Often the Internet of Things (IoT) is considered as a single problem domain, with proposed solutions intended to be applied across a wide range of applications. However, the privacy and security needs of critical engineering infrastructure or sensitive commercial operations are very different to the needs of a domestic Smart Home environment. Additionally, the financial and human resources available to implement security and privacy vary greatly between application domains. In domestic environments, human issues may be as important as technical issues. After surveying existing solutions for enhancing IoT security, the paper identifies key future requirements for trusted Smart Home systems. A gateway architecture is selected as the most appropriate for resource-constrained devices, and for high system availability. Two key technologies to assist system auto-management are identified. Firstly, support for system auto-configuration will enhance system security. Secondly, the automatic update of system software and firmware is needed to maintain ongoing secure system operation.