gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gold Nanoparticles Immobilized on Stimuli Responsive Polymer Brushes as Nanosensors (2008)

We report on the immobilization of gold nanoparticles on end-functionalized and solvent responsive polystyrene brushes, grafted on an underlying substrate. The presence of gold nanoparticles on polystyrene brushes was confirmed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The resulting polystyrene−Au nanoassemblies have been used as the nanosensors for the detection of a variety of organic solvents in surrounding media. The sensing mechanism is based upon the change in the proximity of the immobilized gold nanoparticles as a consequence of the solvent induced reversible swelling−deswelling of polystyrene chains. The sensing ability was demonstrated by a simple analytic tool, i.e., UV−vis spectroscopy, through a shift in plasmon resonance band of immobilized Au nanoparticles. A dramatic blue shift of 32 nm in the surface resonance band was observed as the surrounding media of Au immobilized polystyrene brushes (Au−PS) was changed from air to the toluene. The described approach is facile and versatile in nature, which can be used for the fabrication of a variety of nanosensors based on the polymer brushes−nanoparticle assemblies.
Mass transfer and hydrodynamic characteristics in a co‐current downflow contacting column (2003)

Abstract Hydrodynamic and mass transfer characteristics of water–air system in a co‐current downflow contacting column (CDCC) were studied for various nozzle diameters at different superficial gas velocities and liquid re‐circulation rates. Gas hold‐up and liquid‐side mass transfer coefficient increased with increasing superficial gas velocity and liquid flow rate but decreased with increasing nozzle diameter. It is shown that correlations developed, which are based on liquid kinetic power per liquid volume present in the column, and superficial gas velocity explains gas hold‐up and the mass transfer coefficient within an error 20% for all gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle diameters used. The constants of correlations for gas hold‐up and mass transfer coefficient were found to be considerably different from other gas–liquid contacting systems. © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Carbon-hydrogen bond activation by electrophilic transition-metal compounds. Palladium(II)-mediated oxidation of arenes and alkanes including methane (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-hydrogen bond activation by electrophilic transition-metal compounds. Palladium(II)-mediated oxidation of arenes and alkanes including methaneEfi Gretz, Thomas F. Oliver, and Ayusman SenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 26, 8109–8111Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00260a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00260a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1356Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Paper Ticketing vs. Electronic Ticketing Based on Off-Line System 'Tapango' (2010)

An electronic voucher system, which intended to replace paper vouchers by an electronic wristlet was developed by the e-lab, Artesis' research lab. This project has lead to the development of the Tapango system. The NFC technology has been used to create one, universal wallet for different events,the system is an attempt to replace paper ticketing services used nowadays. In this paper we provide a valid comparison between electronic and paper ticketing system by means of user feedback, benchmarking and real-life test cases.
Optimizing device size for soft error resilience in sub-micron logic circuits (2010)

As technology nodes are being scaled down, soft errors induced by particle strikes are becoming a troublesome reliability issue in logic circuits. Various sizing techniques commonly used to reduce soft error rate in the past are expensive in terms of area, performance, and energy consumption. These methods require changes to adapt to sub-micron technologies. This study introduces two novel sizing methods that selectively upsize transistor networks of a circuit. Our first proposed methodology formulates the soft error rate minimization as a mathematical optimization problem and searches for the best area distribution such that maximum reliability gain is obtained. This methodology assures that optimal solutions are achieved within given area budget provided to the designer. However, generating optimal solution requires very high CPU time. Therefore, we propose a heuristic based methodology which upsizes only selected transistor network in sensitive gates based on soft error sensitivity of each gate. With proper sensitive gate selection and area distribution algorithms proposed in this technique, we show through experimental results that our heuristic driven method gives satisfactory reliability improvement compared to our first method, while requiring relatively small computation time.
Properties of the 40 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a functional L-alanine dehydrogenase (1999)

The 40 kDa antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the first antigen reported to be present in the pathogenic M. tuberculosis, but not in the vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG. It is a functional L-alanine dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.1) and hence one of the few antigens possessing an enzymic activity. This makes the 40 kDa antigen attractive for potential diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Recently, we developed a strategy to purify quantities of the recombinant protein in active form, and here we describe the biochemical properties of this enzyme. In the oxidative-deamination reaction, the enzyme showed Km values of 13.8 mM and 0.31 mM for L-alanine and NAD+, respectively, in a random-ordered mechanism. Km, app values in the reductive-amination reaction are 35.4 mM, 1.45 mM and 98.2 μM for ammonium, pyruvate and NADH, respectively. The enzyme is highly specific for all of its substrates in both directions. The pH profile indicates that oxidative deamination virtually may not occur at physiological pH. Hence L-alanine most likely is the product of the reaction catalysed in vivo. The enzyme is heat-stable, losing practically no activity at 60 °C for several hours.
DOUBLE-WRAP TAPE SYSTEM ADOPTED FOR IN SITU RECOATING (1991)

This paper reports that older petroleum pipeline systems operating today may be affected by the degradation of coatings, which could result in metal loss due to corrosion. Many pipeline operators are now faced with the need to recoat, repair, or replace segments of pipe. In addition, they are faced with the reality that lines cannot be taken out of service, due to the mode of operation, and that there are limited methods, materials, and monies available to effectively and efficiently replace pipeline coatings.
Isolation and induction of erythroleukemic cell lines with properties of erythroid progenitor burst-forming cell (BFU-E) and erythroid precursor cell (CFU-E). (1983)

We isolated erythroleukemic cell lines arrested at different levels of the erythroid differentiation pathway. One cell line (CB5), established from mice infected with the helper-independent Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), exhibited properties similar to those of the normal erythroid progenitor burst-forming cell (BFU-E). Six erythroleukemic cell lines, which were established from the anemia-inducing Friend virus complex (FV-A)-infected mice, formed erythroid colonies similar to the erythroid colony-forming precursor cell (CFU-E) after induction with dimethyl sulfoxide or erythropoietin. Three lines that were established from the polycythemia-inducing Friend virus complex (FV-P)-infected mice also formed low proportions (2-5%) of CFU-E-like colonies after induction by these same inducers. These data, together with the earlier findings that F-MuLV induces an increase in the levels of BFU-E and that FV-A or FV-P stimulates enhancement of CFU-E early after infection, indicate that the erythroleukemic cell lines isolated late in the diseases are at the same levels of differentiation as the leukemic cells in the corresponding initial stages. These cell lines with properties of BFU-E and CFU-E can be induced to differentiate in culture and should add to our understanding of the nature of erythroid progenitor cells and their early differentiation programs.
Let Cupid Be Host at your Valentine Supper (1935)

February the fourteenth! What warm memories we have of that cheery day. Remember those adorable, chubby valentines, and how we used to cluster about the traditional school Valentine box, so eager and patiently excited? And what an honor it was to be the one chosen to convert that drab old hat box into a lovely creation of red and white?
Progress toward forecasting of space weather effects on UHF SATCOM after Operation Anaconda (2014)

Abstract Space weather impacts on communications are often presented as a raison d ' etre for studying space weather (e.g., Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society, 2013). Here we consider a communications outage during Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan that may have been related to ionospheric disturbances. Early military operations occurred during the peak of solar cycle 23 when ionospheric variability was enhanced. During Operation Anaconda, the Battle of Takur Ghar occurred at the summit of a 3191 m Afghan mountaintop on 4 March 2002 when the ionosphere was disturbed and could have affected UHF Satellite Communications (SATCOM). In this paper, we consider UHF SATCOM outages that occurred during repeated attempts to notify a Quick Reaction Force (QRF) on board an MH‐47H Chinook to avoid a “hot” landing zone at the top of Takur Ghar. During a subsequent analysis of Operation Anaconda, these outages were attributed to poor performance of the UHF radios on the helicopters and to blockage by terrain. However, it is also possible that ionospheric anomalies together with multipath effects could have combined to decrease the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the communication links used by the QRF. A forensics study of Takur Ghar with data from the Global Ultraviolet Imager on the NASA Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics mission showed the presence of ionospheric bubbles (regions of depleted electron density) along the line of sight between the Chinook and the UHF communications satellites in geostationary orbit that could have impacted communications. The events of 4 March 2002 motivated us to develop the Mesoscale Ionospheric Simulation Testbed model, which can be used to improve warnings of potential UHF outages during future military operations.
Influence of Tyrosinase Levels on Pigment Accumulation in the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and on the Uncrossed Retinal Projection (2002)

To study the relationship among tyrosinase activity, melanin production, and the routing of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons at the optic chiasm, we analysed mice with varying doses of the tyrosinase gene. These include the dark-eyed albino (Tyrc44H), a radiation-induced hypomorphic allele of tyrosinase; and transgenic mice carrying 1 or 2 alleles of a tyrosinase minigene on both wild-type (Tyr+) and albino (Tyrc) backgrounds. Melanization of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) occurred gradually even at <2% wild-type tyrosinase activity and was sensitive to tyrosinase activity up to <35% of wild-type levels, beyond which melanin synthesis appeared to be saturated. Overexpression of tyrosinase led to tyrosinase activity above wild type level, but did not increase melanin production. Although a loss of melanin because of a mutation in tyrosinase is associated with a decrease in the number of uncrossed fibers, elevating tyrosinase levels does not appear to cause an increase in the size of the uncrossed retinal projection. Our results suggest that replacing less than 35% of wild-type tyrosinase activity is sufficient to restore normal pigmentation of the RPE, and potentially, to allay visual defects.
Cloning of a phospholipase A2-activating protein. (1991)

Recently we have described the isolation and biochemical characterization of a phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAP). We have cloned this protein and found it to be expressed as a 2.5-kilobase mRNA. The steady-state levels of PLAP mRNA are induced in smooth muscle and endothelial cells following treatment with leukotriene D4. The increased message levels coincide with increased amounts of PLAP. Synthetic antisense DNA was used to block the synthesis of PLAP and this treatment effectively blocked the activation of phospholipase A2 and the increased generation of prostanoids in smooth muscle and endothelial cells treated with leukotriene D4.
A three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter system characterized by sinusoidal output voltage with neither common‐mode voltage nor normal‐mode voltage (2003)

Abstract This paper deals with an inverter system integrating a small‐rated passive EMI filter with a three‐phase voltage‐source PWM inverter. The purpose of the EMI filter is to eliminate both common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages from the output voltage of the inverter. The motivation of this research is based on the well‐known fact that the higher the carrier or switching frequency, the smaller and the more effective the EMI filter. An experimental system consisting of a 5‐kVA inverter, a 3.7‐kW induction motor, and a specially designed passive EMI filter was constructed to verify the viability and effectiveness of the EMI filter. As a result, it is shown experimentally that both three‐phase line‐to‐line and line‐to‐neutral output voltages look purely sinusoidal as if the inverter system were an ideal variable‐voltage, variable‐frequency power supply when viewed from the motor terminals. This results in complete solution of serious issues related to common‐mode and normal‐mode voltages produced by the inverter. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 145(4): 88–96, 2003; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.10206
Preserved Oxygenation Despite Reduced Blood Flow in Poststenotic Kidneys in Human Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis (2010)

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis reduces blood flow and perfusion pressures to the poststenotic kidney producing renovascular hypertension and threatening glomerular filtration rate. Little is known regarding regional tissue oxygenation in human renovascular disease that develops slowly. We compared stenotic and contralateral kidneys regarding volume, tissue perfusion, blood flow measured by multidetector computed tomography, and blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance values in the cortex and medulla in 14 patients with unilateral stenosis (mean: 71% by quantitative computed tomography) and in 14 essential hypertensive patients during 150 mEq/d of sodium intake and renin-angiotensin blockade. Stenotic kidney volume was reduced compared with the contralateral kidney (118.6+/-9.9 versus 155.4+/-13.7 mL; P<0.01), as was total blood flow (269.7+/-42.2 versus 383.7+/-49; P=0.02), mainly because of reduced cortical volume. Tissue perfusion was similar but lower than essential hypertension (1.5 versus 1.2 mL/min per milliliter; P<0.05). Blood oxygen level-dependent MR at 3 T confirmed elevated R2* values (a measure of deoxyhemoglobin) in deep medullary regions in all 3 sets of kidneys (38.9+/-0.7 versus cortex 17.8+/-0.36 s(-1); P<0.0001). Despite reduced blood flow, R2* values did not differ between atherosclerotic and essential hypertensive kidneys, although furosemide-suppressible fall in medullary R2* was reduced in stenotic kidneys (5.7+/-1.8 versus 9.4+/-1.9 s(-1); P<0.05). Renal venous oxygen levels from the stenotic kidney were higher than those from essential hypertensives (65.1+/-2.2 versus 58.1+/-1.2; P=0.006). These data indicate that, although stenosis reduced blood flow and volume, cortical and medullary oxygenation was preserved under these conditions.
Development and validation study for the chromatographic purification process for tetanus anatoxin on Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution. (2000)

The tetanus purified anatoxin is used in the preparation of multiple immunoprophylactics. WHO (World Health Organization) specifies that the tetanus anatoxin must exhibit a degree of purity greater than or equal to 1,000 Lf/mg protein nitrogen (PN). Today liquid chromatography is a well established technique for the purification of tetanus anatoxin and several different methods are used in production scale. On a small scale, we purified tetanus anatoxin on Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution (gel filtration) and we obtained a successful high-yield purification. On the basis of these results, by combining conventional tangential flow filtration (TFF) at 50,000 N.M.W.L. (Nominal Molecular Weight Limit) ultrafiltration membrane with gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200 High Resolution, we have been able to purify 14 lots of tetanus anatoxin using the Bioprocess System (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) to a large scale operation. Using this method, 77,401,332 doses of tetanus toxoid were prepared in 14 consecutive lots, supporting the reproducibility and reliability of the method presented here.
Glucocorticoid regulation of rat whey acidic protein gene expression involves hormone-induced alterations of chromatin structure in the distal promoter region. (1994)

Milk protein gene expression is regulated by the synergistic interactions of several lactogenic hormones, including insulin, PRL, and glucocorticoids. Whey acidic protein (WAP) gene expression is highly dependent on glucocorticoids, and to a lesser extent than casein gene expression, on the presence of PRL. Previous studies have demonstrated that a distal DNase I hypersensitive site in the rat WAP gene 5'-flanking region containing several binding sites for nuclear factor I is required for high level WAP gene expression in transgenic mice. In this study several specific glucocorticoid receptor (GR) binding sites were identified flanking these nuclear factor I sites using an in vitro DNase I footprinting assay with baculovirus-expressed GR. These sites were able to confer dexamethasone inducibility to a heterologous thymidine kinase-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene construct in transient cotransfection experiments with GR in CV1 cells. Administration of dexamethasone to adrenal-ectomized mice carrying the +2020 rat WAP transgene during lactation demonstrated that glucocorticoids are required to maintain transgene expression in the mammary gland. Furthermore, glucocorticoid-induced changes in transgene expression were correlated with the appearance of DNase I hypersensitive sites. These results indicate that at least part of glucocorticoid regulation of WAP gene expression is mediated through the direct interaction of GR with glucocorticoid response elements in the distal promoter region resulting in steroid hormone-dependent alterations in chromatin structure.
The Normal and Neoplastic Perineurium (2008)

Peripheral nerves consist of 3 layers with differing characteristics: the endoneurium, perineurium, and epineurium. The perineurium represents a continuum with the pia-arachnoid from the central nervous system and extends distally with the sheath of capsular cells of peripheral sensorial organs and propioceptive receptors. It is made of layers of flattened cells surrounded by a basement membrane and collagen fibers, forming concentrically laminated structures around single nerve fascicles. Functionally, the perineurium modulates external stretching forces (that could be potentially harmful for nerve fibers), and along with endoneurial vessels, forms the blood-nerve barrier. Multiple pathologic conditions associated with the perineurium have been described. Perineurial invasion is considered an important prognostic factor in several malignant neoplasms. Perineuriomas are true benign infrequent perineurial cell neoplasms that have been divided in 2 categories: those with intraneural localization and a more common extraneural (soft tissue) group, including sclerosing and reticular variants. Sporadic cases of malignant perineuromas have been reported. Interestingly, neurofibromas and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors may also display perineurial cell differentiation. The histologic appearance of perineuriomas may overlap with other soft tissue spindle cell neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry is imperative for the diagnosis, although in certain cases ultrastructural studies may be needed. Typical perineuriomas are positive for epithelial membrane antigen, glucose transporter-1-1, and claudin-1, and negative for S-100 protein and neurofilaments. Perineuriomas have mostly simple karyotypes, with one or few chromosomal rearrangements or numerical changes and it seems that specific cytogenetic aberrations may correlate with perineurioma subtype.
[A decade's evidence review of sildenafil citrate]. (2009)

Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the most popular and disturbing sexual problems, which impairs patients' health and affects their quality of life. Sildenafil citrate, the first oral PDE-5 inhibitor in the world, has established its efficacy and safety credit in both doctors and ED patients. The authors reviewed the results of related studies in the last decade and made deeper insights into the use of sildenafil citrate in such aspects as the general drug tolerance and its influence on the cardiovascular system, potentiality of concomitant diseases with co-administration of other drugs, long-term safety, and ocular and genital safety.
Safety of the laparoscopy setup (2003)

The safety of the laparoscopy setup is an important issue to guarantee continuous quality of laparoscopic interventions. Important issues are visualization, the insufflator and especially electrosurgery. Appropriate training of the OR personnel and clear responsibilities should be defined. Checklists are advised.
Stretch-A-Sketch: a dynamic diagrammer (2002)

Stretch-A-Sketch is a pen-based drawing program that combines recognition of hand-drawn glyphs with constraint based maintenance of spatial relations. The recognition program identifies hand drawn glyphs, spatial relations between them, and higher-level configurations, such as graph and tree diagrams and floorplan bubble diagrams. Stretch-A-Sketch then maintains the essential relations in these configurations as the user edits the diagram.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of Sulfur in Reservoir Rocks by Rock-Eval Analysis (2005)

D06 CHARACTERIZATION OF SULFUR IN RESERVOIR ROCKS BY ROCK-EVAL ANALYSIS Abstract 1 As a result of steam or hot water injection reservoir rocks can generate significant amounts of H2S. Such recovery operations are therefore subject to corrosion and environmental risks which are currently difficult to predict. Previous works have shown that the formation of H2S is thermally induced by the alteration of organic sulfur in heavy oils (aquathermolysis). Other phenomena involving interactions between mineral sulfur (sulfates pyrite) and organic matter have been reported as sources of H2S as well. According to the current knowledge on these processes H2S can occur