gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3.0 Gb/s clock data recovery circuits based on digital DLL for clock-embedded display interface (2012)

A fast locking 3.0 Gb/s clock data recovery circuit (CDR) based on the digital DLL is proposed for intra-panel clock-embedded display interface. The CDR uses 3-level sub-ranging delay control in digital DLL. Overlapping range selection, successive approximation, and highly-linear timing amplifier are used for most, intermediate, and least significant bits of control, respectively to improve both jitter immunity and dynamic range of digital DLL. The designed chip occupies 0.076 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> active area in 0.13μm CMOS technology and consumes 6.72 mW at 3.0 Gb/s from a 1.2 V supply. The rms and pk-to-pk jitters of the recovered clock are as small as 4.8 ps and 30.8 ps, respectively.
Adoptive therapy of established syngeneic leukemia by cells primarily sensitized in vitro. (1981)

The aim of the current studies was to determine whether cells primarily sensitized in vitro are effective in adoptive therapy of established tumors. Spleen cells from normal BALB/c mice were cultured for 5 days at variable responder:stimulator ratios with an X-irradiated syngeneic Moloney virus-induced leukemia (LSTRA), denoted as BALB/c.(LSTRA)x, or with X-irradiated normal BALB/c spleen cells, denoted as BALB/c. (BALB/C)x, and tested for ability to eradicate an established lethal inoculum of LSTRA in adaptive chemoimmunotherapy. BALB/c mice inoculated with 2 X 10(3) LSTRA i.p. on Day 0 were treated on Day 5 with cyclophosphamide (180 mg/kg) plus 1 X 10(7) cultured cells. Treatment with cyclophosphamide alone cured only 3% of mice. As an adjunct to cyclophosphamide, therapy with BALB/c.(BALB/c)x cultured at responder:stimulator ratios of 8:1, 32:1, and 128:1 cured 29%, 37%, and 33% of mice, respectively; and BALB/c.(LSTRA)x cultured at the same responder:stimulator ratios cured 54, 83, and 29% of mice, respectively. Furthermore, the therapeutic efficacy of BALB/c.(LSTRA)x was abrogated by treatment with anti-Thy 1.2 + complement. Thus, culture of normal lymphoid cells with tumor at optimal responder:stimulator ratios substantially enhanced their ability to eradicate established tumor, and the enhanced therapeutic efficacy was mediated by a T-cell generated during culture. The specificity of primary in vitro sensitization in generating cells effective in the therapy of established tumors was confirmed by treating BALB/CH-2d X C57BL/6H-2b F1 (hereafter called B6F1) mice bearing either LSTRAH-2d or an antigenically distinct chemically induced leukemia, EL-4(G-)H-2b, with CB6F1 spleen cells sensitized in vitro to either of the parental tumors.
LEVOSIMENDAN ENHANCES CARDIAC PERFORMANCE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING CARDIAC SURGERY (1998)

Introduction Levosimendan (L) is a new myofilament calcium sensitizer that has been shown to enhance left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and produce arterial and venous vasodilation in vivo. This investigation was designed to assess the safety and efficacy of L in enhancing cardiac performance after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methods The hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects of L were characterized in 18 patients undergoing cardiac surgery including CPB. After Institutional Review Board approval, the trial was carried out in a randomized, double-blind manner. Patients gave written, informed consent and were then randomized to receive either intravenous placebo, or low dose L (18 ug/kg bolus followed by a 0.2 ug/kg/min infusion), or high dose L (36 ug/kg bolus followed by a 0.3 ug/kg/min infusion). Placebo or L boluses were administered 15 min prior to separation from CPB and infusions were maintained for a total of 6 hours. Systemic and pulmonary hemodynamics were recorded at selected intervals before and after CPB. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was maintained between 10-15 mmHg with the infusion of intravenous crystalloid. Arterial blood gas tensions and plasma concentrations of L were obtained at selected intervals. ECG was continuously recorded by Holter monitoring (8 hrs preoperative to 30 hrs postoperative). Changes between placebo and experimental groups were assessed with Two-way ANOVA analysis with p<0.05 constituting statistical significance. Results Demographics, preoperative hemodynamics, type of surgery, and durations of aortic crossclamp and CPB were equivalent between groups. L significantly increased cardiac output in a dose dependent fashion (mean +/- SD data, Figure 1) Heart rate was not significantly increased while stroke volume increased with L. Systemic and pulmonary pressures and vascular resistances were reduced by L. Myocardial oxygen demand was not increased relative to control for low or high dose L. Blood gas tensions and shunt fraction were similar between groups. No significant alteration in the frequency of supra-ventricular and ventricular ectopy were observed.Figure 1Conclusion Levosimendan improves cardiac performance in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and CPB. It also appears safe by virtue of not causing dysrhythmias or tachycardia. Future trials will compare L to other therapies for hemodynamic support after CPB.
An architecture to support responsive production in manufacturing companies (2016)

This paper proposes an architecture aiming at promoting the convergence of the physical and digital worlds, through CPS and IoT technologies, to accommodate more customized and higher quality products. The architecture combines concepts such as cyber-physical systems, decentralization, modularity and scalability aiming at responsive production. Combining these aspects with virtualization, contextualization, modeling and simulation capabilities it will enable self-adaptation, situational awareness and decentralized decision-making to answer dynamic market demands and support the design and reconfiguration of the manufacturing enterprise.
Purificação e caracterização de quitosana comercial (1998)

RESUMO: Procedimentos adequados para as purificações de quitosana comercial como cloridrato e na forma neutralizada são descritos. As amostras obtidas apresentam elevado grau de pureza e baixo teor de cinzas conforme verificado através de termogravimetria. As determinações de graus de acetilação por espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (<img width=32 height=32 src="http://img/fbpe/po/v8n4/8292s1.gif" align=absmiddle > ou = 23,6%) e por titulações (<img width=32 height=32 src="http://img/fbpe/po/v8n4/8292s1.gif" align=absmiddle > ou = 23,0%) apresentam muito boa concordância. O cloridrato de quitosana é solúvel em água, o que permite determinações de viscosidade intrínseca em solventes aquosos na ausência de excesso de ácido e facilita a comparação de quitosana com outros polieletrólitos quanto a estimativas de rigidez/flexibilidade.
A Study on Illumination Normalization Method based on Bilateral Filter for Illumination Invariant Face Recognition (2010)

Cast shadow caused by an illumination condition can produce troublesome effects for face recognition system using reflectance image. Consequently, we need to separate cast shadow area from feature area for improvement of recognition accuracy. A Bilateral filter smooths image while preserving edges, by means of a nonlinear combination of nearby pixel values. Processing such characteristics, this method is suited to our purpose in illumination estimation process based on Retinex. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new illumination normalization method based on the Bilateral filter in face images. The proposed method produces a reflectance image that is preserved relatively exact cast shadow area, because coefficient of filter is designed to multiply proximity and discontinuity of pixels in input image. Performance of our method is measured by a recognition accuracy of principle component analysis(PCA) and evaluated to compare with other conventional illumination normalization methods.
Isomeric equilibria of monosaccharides in solution. Influence of solvent and temperature (1989)

The compositions of equilibrium mixtures of D-glucose, D-ribose, β-methyl glucopyranoside and β-methyl ribopyranoside in D2O and dimethyl sulphoxide-d6 have been determined by 1H n.m.r. spectroscopy over the temperature range 0–90 °C in terms of the coexisting anomers, tautomers and conformers. In glucose solutions only 4C1 pyranose forms could be detected, but the temperature dependence of the α/β ratio differs in the two solvents. Ribose solutions consist of mixtures of six species, the relative concentrations of which display complex temperature dependences. The experimental results are discussed in terms of solvation contributions to the relative free energies of the different species.
Effects of gonadal androgens and oestrogens on adrenal androgen levels (1995)

We conclude that administration of high doses of testosterone and oestradiol exert opposing effects on adrenal androgen production.
Review: <i>Let's Try Chinese</i>, by W. D. Allen and S. T. Shen (1944)

Book Review| February 23 1944 Review: Let's Try Chinese, by W. D. Allen and S. T. Shen Let's Try ChineseW. D. AllenS. T. Shen M. A. S. M. A. S. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Far Eastern Survey (1944) 13 (4): 38. https://doi.org/10.2307/3022668 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation M. A. S.; Review: Let's Try Chinese, by W. D. Allen and S. T. Shen. Far Eastern Survey 23 February 1944; 13 (4): 38. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/3022668 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAsian Survey Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Vorwort der Herausgeber (2008)

Japan ist der zweitgrößte Industriestaat der Welt. Außenpolitisch und gesellschaftlich richtet sich die Nation neu aus. Im kulturellen Bereich entwickelt sich Japan zunehmend zum Trendsetter, in Asien wie auch global. Das Land, das – von außen gesehen – in den 90er Jahren scheinbar in Lethargie verharrte, hat sich in vielen Bereichen neu erfunden und insbesondere unter Premierminister Koizumi (2001-2006) eine Welle weitreichender Reformen umgesetzt bzw. angestoßen. Was hat sich im einzelnen verändert? Wird der Reformkurs auch unter Koizumis Nachfolger fortgeführt werden? Japan bleibt auch nach dem Aufstieg Chinas ein Land mit Beispielcharakter. Ob Vorbildunternehmen wie Toyota, kulturelle Trends wie Anime und Manga, Bildungsreform oder das Altern einer ganzen Gesellschaft: Ein gestärktes Nippon beschäftigt sich aktiv mit diesen Themen und nimmt viele der Entwicklungen voraus, die auch im Westen – und vor allem in Deutschland – die aktuelle Diskussion zur Zukunft unserer Gesellschaft bestimmen.
Supramolecular Weaving (1997)

The concurrent operation of two distinct hydrogen-bonding motifs, namely the carboxyl dimer supramolecular synthon (dashed lines represent hydrogen bonds) and the threading of two secondary dialkylammonium cations (black bars) through the cavity of the ditopic macrocyclic polyether bis-p-phenylene[34]crown-10 (rectangular boxes) leads to unique superstructures. The macrocyclic polyether enforces supramolecular preorganization of the carboxyl groups, permitting formation of novel doubly encircled supermolecules and interwoven supramolecular arrays in the solid state (the diagram shows a schematic representation).
Adaptation method based on HMM composition and EM algorithm (2002)

A method for adapting HMMs to additive noise and multiplicative distortion at the same time is proposed. This method first creates a noise HMM for additive noise, then composes HMMs for noisy and distorted speech data from this HMM and speech HMMs so that these composed HMMs become the functions of signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and multiplicative distortion. S/N ratio and multiplicative distortion are estimated by maximizing the likelihood of the HMMs to the input speech. To achieve this, we propose a new method that divides the maximization process into estimation of S/N ratio and estimation of cepstrum bias. The S/N ratio is estimated using the parallel model method. The cepstrum bias is estimated using the EM algorithm. To evaluate this method, two experiments in terms of phoneme recognition and connected digit recognition are performed. The guarantee of convergence of this algorithm is also discussed.
MicroRNAs: Opening a New Vein in Angiogenesis Research (2009)

Activation of the angiogenic program in endothelial cells is vital for normal embryonic development and for physiological angiogenesis in the adult. In addition, angiogenesis is an important therapeutic target: Formation of new blood vessels is desirable for regenerative purposes, such as during tissue healing or transplantation, but can be pathological, as in diabetic retinopathy and cancer. The response of the vascular endothelium to angiogenic stimuli is modulated by noncoding RNAs called microRNAs. The endothelial cell-specific microRNA microRNA-126 (miR-126) promotes angiogenesis in response to angiogenic growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor or basic fibroblast growth factor, by repressing negative regulators of signal transduction pathways. Additional microRNAs have been implicated in the regulation of various aspects of angiogenesis. Thus, targeting the expression of microRNAs may be a novel therapeutic approach for diseases involving excess or insufficient vasculature.
Hardness of Approximation and Greedy Algorithms for the Adaptation Problem in Virtual Environments (2006)

Over the past decade, wide-area distributed computing has emerged as a powerful computing paradigm. Virtual machines greatly simplify wide-area distributed computing by lowering the abstraction to benefit both resource users and providers. A virtual execution environment consisting of virtual machines (VMs) interconnected with virtual networks provides opportunities to dynamically optimize, at run-time, the performance of existing, unmodified distributed applications without any user or programmer intervention. We have formalized the adaptation problem in virtual execution environments and shown that it is NP-hard to both, solve and approximate within a factor of m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2-δ</sup> for any δ > 0, where m is the number of edges in the virtual overlay graph. We also designed and evaluated greedy adaptation algorithms and found them to work well in practice.
10.13‐Dihydroxy‐hexadecansäure‐methylester und Hexadecantriol‐(1.10.13) (1967)

Abstract Substituierende Addition von Vinyl‐[5‐methoxycarbonyl‐pentyl]‐keton ( 2 ) an 2‐Propyl‐furan ( 1 ) liefert den Oxoester 3 . Durch Huang‐Minlon‐Reduktion entsteht daraus die Carbonsäure 4 , die mit Methanol / konz. Salzsäure 10.13‐Dioxo‐hexadecansäure ( 5 a ) und deren Methylester 5 b ergibt. NaBH 4 ‐Reduktion von 5 b liefert 10.13‐Dihydroxy‐hexadecansäure‐methylester ( 6 ) als Racematgemisch. LiAlH 4 ‐Reduktion von 5 a führt zum Hexadecantriol‐(1.10.13) ( 7A + 7B ), das durch fraktionierte Kristallisation in 7A und 7B aufgetrennt wird. — 6, 7A und 7B zeigen im Sexuallockstoff‐Test an Männchen von Bombyx mori, Porthetria dispar und Prodenia eridanea keine Wirkung.
The hop phytoestrogen, 8-prenylnaringenin, reverses the ovariectomy-induced rise in skin temperature in an animal model of menopausal hot flushes (2006)

The mechanisms underlying menopausal hot flushes are poorly understood, although it is generally assumed they result from disturbances of thermoregulatory centres in the hypothalamus. 8-Prenylnaringenin (8-PN) has been identified as a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus) and there are claims that hop-containing preparations can reduce hot flushes. We have investigated the site of action of 8-PN in a rat model of menopausal hot flushes, in which the tail skin temperature (TST) is increased after oestrogen withdrawal induced by ovariectomy. Daily s.c. administration of either 17beta-oestradiol (E2; 4 microg/kg) or 8-PN (400 microg/kg) significantly reduced the elevated TST after 2 days of treatment. Subcutaneous co-administration of either E2 or 8-PN with the oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist, ICI 182,780 (200 microg/kg), which is thought not to cross the blood-brain barrier, completely blocked the effect of E2 and 8-PN on TST. The ERalpha- and ERbeta-specific agonists, 4,4',4''-(4-propyl-[1H]-pyrazole-1,3,5-triyl)trisphenol (100 microg/kg) and 2,3-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionitrile (60 microg/kg) respectively, both significantly reversed the raised TST in ovariectomised rats. These observations suggest that the regulation of the vasomotor response by oestrogens and phytoestrogens is mediated, at least in part, by peripheral mechanisms involving both ERalpha and ERbeta.
Analyzing and evaluating query reformulation strategies in web search logs (2009)

Users frequently modify a previous search query in hope of retrieving better results. These modifications are called query reformulations or query refinements. Existing research has studied how web search engines can propose reformulations, but has given less attention to how people perform query reformulations. In this paper, we aim to better understand how web searchers refine queries and form a theoretical foundation for query reformulation. We study users' reformulation strategies in the context of the AOL query logs. We create a taxonomy of query refinement strategies and build a high precision rule-based classifier to detect each type of reformulation. Effectiveness of reformulations is measured using user click behavior. Most reformulation strategies result in some benefit to the user. Certain strategies like add/remove words, word substitution, acronym expansion, and spelling correction are more likely to cause clicks, especially on higher ranked results. In contrast, users often click the same result as their previous query or select no results when forming acronyms and reordering words. Perhaps the most surprising finding is that some reformulations are better suited to helping users when the current results are already fruitful, while other reformulations are more effective when the results are lacking. Our findings inform the design of applications that can assist searchers; examples are described in this paper.
Thrombotic complications in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a meta-analysis of 17 prospective studies comprising 1752 pediatric patients (2006)

Abstract The risk of thrombosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) reportedly ranges between 1% and 37%. Epidemiologic studies have usually been hampered by small numbers, making accurate estimates of thrombosis risk in ALL patients very difficult. The aim of this study was to better estimate the frequency of this complication and to define how the disease, its treatment, and the host contribute to its occurrence. We made an attempt to combine and analyze all published data on the association between pediatric ALL and thrombosis, by using a meta-analytic method. The rate of thrombosis in 1752 children from 17 prospective studies was 5.2% (95% CI: 4.2-6.4). The risk varies depending on several factors. Most of the events occurred during the induction phase of therapy. Lower doses of asparaginase (ASP) for long periods were associated with the highest incidence of thrombosis, as were anthracyclines and prednisone (instead of dexamethasone). The presence of central lines and of thrombophilic genetic abnormalities also appeared to be frequently associated with thrombosis. In conclusion, the overall thrombotic risk in ALL children was significant, and the subgroup analysis was able to identify high-risk individuals, a finding that will hopefully guide future prospective studies aimed at decreasing this risk.
Molecular and Cellular Aspects of Troponin Cardiomyopathies (2004)

Advances in molecular genetics have led to the identification of mutations in each troponin subunit that cause different human cardiomyopathies. Mutations in the genes for cardiac troponin T (CTnT), troponin I (CTnI), and troponin C (CTnC) cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) and are associated with varying prognosis and mild-to-moderate hypertrophy. Mutations in CTnT and CTnC can also cause dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), whereas mutations in CTnI can cause restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). All together, 60 mutations have so far been found in troponin subunits associated with cardiomyopathy. Recently, multiple cardiomyopathic phenotypes (either HCM or RCM), arising from a single nucleotide mutation in the same codon of CTnI, R145, have been documented. Although the clinical phenotypes of the cardiomyopathies vary, two common features are present in most cardiomyopathy patients: altered Ca(2+) sensitivity of force development and impaired energy metabolism. Here, we present the analyses of how these troponin mutations affect the in vitro contractile protein function and the hypotheses derived to explain the development of these disease states.
Do You Know the Way to SNA?: A Process Model for Analyzing and Visualizing Social Media Network Data (2012)

Traces of activity left by social media users can shed light on individual behavior, social relationships, and community efficacy. Tools and processes to make sense of social traces are essential for enabling practitioners to study and nurture meaningful and sustainable social interaction. Yet such tools and processes remain in their infancy. This paper describes a study of 15 graduate students who were learning to apply Social Network Analysis (SNA) to data from online communities. Their emergent practices were observed via a pre-post survey, diaries, observations, interviews, analysis of assignments and online class interactions, and a group modeling session. From this in-depth look, we derive the Network Analysis and Visualization (NAV) process model and use it to highlight stages where interaction with peers, experts, and features of the SNA tool were most useful. The important role of visualization in supporting networked thinking was essential, as was the iterative nature of goal formation, data structuring, and data analysis. The paper concludes with a discussion of how the NAV model informs the design of SNA tools and services and supports social media practitioners.