gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Embedded supercomputing in FPGAs with the VectorBlox MXP Matrix Processor (2013)

Embedded systems frequently use FPGAs to perform highly parallel data processing tasks. However, building such a system usually requires specialized hardware design skills with VHDL or Verilog. Instead, this paper presents the VectorBlox MXP Matrix Processor, an FPGA-based soft processor capable of highly parallel execution. Programmed entirely in C, the MXP is capable of executing data-parallel software algorithms at hardware-like speeds. For example, the MXP running at 200MHz or higher can implement a multi-tap FIR filter and output 1 element per clock cycle. MXP's parameterized design lets the user specify the amount of parallelism required, ranging from 1 to 128 or more parallel ALUs. Key features of the MXP include a parallel-access scratchpad memory to hold vector data and high-throughput DMA and scatter/gather engines. To provide extreme performance, the processor is expandable with custom vector instructions and custom DMA filters. Finally, the MXP seamlessly ties into existing Altera and Xilinx development flows, simplifying system creation and deployment.
Hijacking Trials Overseas: The Need for an Article III Court (1986)

the woman who accompanied him, and Sabine Ruske, Ingrid's twelve-year-old daughter, walked off the Polish airliner and into a diplomatic imbroglio.Because they landed at a United States Air Base, American officials took these three East German citizens into custody, but the Americans expected the West German authorities to handle the case.An international treaty, to which West Germany, East Germany, Poland, and the United States are signatories, requires each country either to prosecute or to extradite hijackers. 16A more recent 15.Tempelhof Airport, built by Hitler in 1936
Effects of mixing on extinction by carbonaceous particles (1999)

Reported values for the absorption cross section of particulate carbon per unit mass range from under 4 to over 20 m 2 /g, and the intermediate value of 10 m 2 /g is used by many as a standard gram‐specific absorption cross section for atmospheric soot. In order to better understand the possible variations in absorption by atmospheric carbon, we reevaluated its optical properties in terms of the material composition and morphology of soot and the electrodynamics of spherules agglomerated into loose (ramiform) aggregates. Primary particles ranging in composition from paracrystalline graphite to low‐density air/graphite volume mixtures are considered. The effects on extinction efficiency of aggregation and of internal mixing of carbon with sulfate are considered in detail. We also compare our results with estimates of specific absorption of internally mixed soot that are based on several homogeneous mixing rules (effective medium approximations), On the basis of our modeling of the optical properties of aggregates of graphitic carbon grains, we conclude that 10 m 2 /g may be over 50% too high in many cases, and we suggest that the mass absorption coefficient for the light‐absorbing carbon in diesel soot at a wavelength of 0.550 μm may often be less than 7 m 2 /g, although variations in optical constants and, especially, the specific gravity of the absorbing material make it difficult to assign a specific numerical value. Adhesion of carbon grains to sulfate droplet surfaces is expected to enhance their absorption by no more than about 30%. Soot randomly positioned within droplets, however, can display averaged absorption enhancement factors of about 2.5–4 for hosts with refractive indices ranging from 1.33–1.53, respectively, and radii ≳0.20 μm. Nonetheless, calculations indicate that for realistic dry particle populations, α a < 10 m 2 /g for graphitic carbon in the atmosphere unless (1) most of it is encapsulated, and (2) the geometric mean radius of the hosts is larger than about 0.06 μm (which corresponds to a mass median diameter of 0.34 μm). These results suggest the importance of the determination of the physical state of the soot particles and their immediate environment when ascribing characteristic values for their absorption and scattering efficiencies.
II. Active Silver Catalyst Mixed with Aluminium Powder for the Production of Ethylene Oxide (1966)

活性銀粉末を,窒素中で吹飛して製造したアルミニウム粉末と混合し,成形した形式の酸化エチレン合成用銀触媒を開発し,触媒の調製条件および寿命試験について検討を行ない,次の結果を得た。(1)使用するアルミニウム粒度は-100+200メッシュが良好な成績を示し,これより細かいものは選択率が低下する。(2)活性銀含有量は25～40wt%の範囲が適当で,選択率70%程度を示す。(3)触媒成形時の圧縮比が大きいほど,選択率が良好であることが判明した。(4)触媒性能は反応ガス中で400～450℃ 程度で熱処理を加えることにより,選択性を向上させ得ることが判明した。(5)約5カ月間,昼夜連続で寿命試験を行なった結果,5カ月後においても選択率65%,転化率30%程度の良い性能を保持することが判明した。
Layer-dependent reactivity in the Fe/Mo(110) epitaxial ultrathin film system (2003)

Fe films in the $0.4<~\ensuremath{\theta}<~4.7\mathrm{ML}$ (monolayer) coverage range were deposited on a Mo(110) substrate at temperatures between 300 K and 700 K, under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The adsorption of CO, ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2},$ ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O},$ and ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ onto these films from the residual gas within the Ultrahigh vacuum system has been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy, low-energy electron diffraction, and Auger electron spectroscopy analysis. The first, second, and third Fe layers display distinct structures, correlated to the different adsorption characteristics of each layer. Separate mechanisms are identified as the cause of this layer-dependent reactivity. The difference between the first and second Fe layers is attributed to the difference in charge polarization effected between these layers and the substrate. However, our results prove that the different adsorption characteristics of the pseudomorphically strained first layer and the two-dimensionally strain-relieved third layer are directly linked to the film strain.
Polymerization of Racemic β-Butyrolactone Using Gold Catalysts: A Simple Access to Biodegradable Polymers (2011)

Novel gold(I) complexes containing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands have been synthesized and fully characterized. The resulting mononuclear gold complexes act as active initiators in the polymerization of rac-β-butyrolactone under solvent-free conditions to provide the corresponding biodegradable poly(3-hydroxybutyrate).
Having a Say (2020)

Under the chaotic and insufferable conditions of war, the Okinawans fled their homes and struggled for survival without food, water, or shelter. In their desperate travels, the Okinawans had numerous encounters with the Japanese military, sometimes seeking out the troops for protection. Most encounters, however, ended in violence and brutality. Shaken by the dissonance between the rhetoric of indoctrination and the acts of cruelty that demonstrated an abandonment of the preached ideals of shared nationhood, the Okinawans processed the duplicity of the Japanese by practically pursuing methods to ensure survival and by re-evaluating their own identity. The population began to question their commitment to Japan and their identity as Japanese subjects. The Okinawans actively reconstructed an identity to improve their situation. Through conscious process and interaction with both the Japanese and Americans, they came to a collective identity as Okinawan.
Experimental detection of upward going cosmic particles and consequences for correction of density radiography of volcanoes (2013)

Muon tomography measures the flux of cosmic muons crossing geological bodies to determine their density. The telescopes used to perform measurements are exposed to noise fluxes with high intensities relative to the tiny flux of interest. We give experimental evidences of a so far never described source of noise caused by a flux of upward going particles. Data acquired on La Soufrière of Guadeloupe and Mount Etna reveal that upward going particles are detected only when the rear side of the telescope is exposed to a wide volume of atmosphere located below the altitude of the telescope and with a rock obstruction less than several tens of meters. Biases produced on density muon radiographies by upward going fluxes are quantified, and correction procedures are applied to radiographies of La Soufrière.
Pairwise error probability evaluation of cooperative mobile femtocells (2013)

Cellular subscribers while travelling in public transportation vehicles, such as streetcars and buses, often experience poor signal reception and low bandwidth when using their cellular devises onboard. Small cell deployment of, for example, femtocells is considered as one of the most promising solutions for cellular operators to enhance coverage and meet the increasing need for capacity and QoS support expected by cellular subscribers. We consider a mobile Femto Base Station (mobFBS) installed in the public transportation vehicle, with an external antenna installed on the roof, to offer enhanced coverage and improved capacity onboard. We investigate the performance gains of a communication scheme in downlink LTE-A networks with mobFBSs. Users are assumed to be travelling using a public transportation vehicle, and the transmission between macroBS and users occurs through a mobFBS. The associated wireless links for this type of fast mobility are characterized by a doubly-selective fading channel. This causes performance degradation in terms of increased error probability. By taking advantage of the more powerful central processing mobFBS, we make use of a precoded technique to overcome the performance degradation that results from the wireless fading channel. We investigate the performance gain in terms of pairwise error probability (PEP) via a derived closed-form expression. Our analytical and simulation results indicate that significant diversity gains are achievable and error rates are tremendously reduced.
New Methods for the Generation of Carbohydrate Arrays on Glass Slides and Their Evaluation (2005)

Glycosides, having spacers functionalized with an aldehyde or a carboxylic group, were immobilized through reductive amination or amidation, respectively, onto amino-functionalized glass slides. Hybridization experiments with lectins exhibited very little nonspecific protein binding, hence precluding the necessity for the blocking of unreacted functional groups on the glass slide. The covalency and the concentration dependency of the sugar ligation to the glass slide were demonstrated; the reversibility and the selectivity of lectin-carbohydrate interactions were shown.
Survival and transport of bacteria in egg washwater (1987)

An evaluation of methods for monitoring the quality of water used to wash eggs at grading stations was undertaken to improve maintenance of bacterial viability during overnight sample transport. Bacterial content of samples at analysis would then better reflect conditions at the time eggs were washed. The interactive effects of temperature and the highly alkaline water conditions upon viability were the subjects of this study. Nine transport methods were examined for their efficacy in recovering total and coliform bacteria from recycled water used to wash eggs, and these were compared with samples analyzed at two commercial egg grading stations. Samples were shipped under test to the laboratory for analysis the following day. The survival of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was also examined, but in a synthetic washwater matrix under various combinations of temperature (6 to 32 degrees C) and pH (9.5 to 10.5) to determine whether there was likely to be a different response to variations in transport treatment among gram-positive and -negative bacteria. S. aureus was much more resistant to the lethal effects of high pH and moderate temperature than E. coli. These results indicated that samples of high pH should be held (transported) at less than or equal to 13 degrees C to optimize bacterial survival. Considering cost, ease of manipulation, and the ability to protect both coliforms and the bacterial population as a whole, the method of choice for transport of industrial samples was the direct addition of washwater to containers in which powdered KH2PO4 and Na2S2O3 had been placed to yield final concentrations, when dissolved, of 0.2 and 0.05% (wt/vol), respectively.
Development of a transformation system for Aspergillus sojae based on the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated approach (2014)

We successfully established a new ATMT protocol for A. sojae. This transformation system should enable further protein expression studies on this filamentous fungus.
Room Temperature Terahertz Microbolometers (2006)

We report on the development of an array of uncooled antenna-coupled microbolometer based on an amorphous silicon thermistor. The design goal is an optical bandwidth of 0.2-1 THz with a NEP of 1 pW/Hz/sup 1/2 / per pixel.
Management of rheumatoid arthritis (1997)

There is increasing evidence that reduction of disease activity by disease-modifying drugs alters the disease course of rheumatoid arthritis and that patients benefit from early introduction of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. To ensure accurate diagnosis and timely referral, training of medical students and residents in rheumatology and access to a physician experienced in the management of rheumatic diseases is important. Because spontaneous remission is rare, the risk of overtreatment of a few patients is outweighed by the benefits of early treatment for the majority of patients. Also, side effects may be reduced with optimation of titration of disease activity based on standardized, reliable, valid, sensitive, and easily interpretable measures with clear-cut decision rules. A potential solution to the practical problems involving the scoring of patient questionnaires such as the Health Assessment Questionnaire and the Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease Activity index and clinical algorithms such as the Disease Activity Score is the provision of a feedback system similar to a laboratory. To feed back the results of titration of disease activity with the goal of permanently improving health outcomes in an ongoing learning process may be called clinical quality management. From a health care system or political perspective, clinical quality management that demonstrates the commitment of rheumatology toward continuous improvement of rheumatoid arthritis care may become an important activity of rheumatology societies in countries where specialty care is under scrutiny and where specialists are increasingly required to show the benefits of their care.
The role of endothelin-1 in the origin of cerebral vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (1992)

Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) endothelin (ET)-1-like immunoactivity in 27 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was measured serially by radioimmunoassay for 2 weeks after SAH onset. Mean ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in plasma of patients with SAH were highly elevated during the whole study period, while the levels in CSF of the same patients were not. Plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients with SAH classified as Fisher computerized tomography (CT) Group 3 were higher than those in patients with SAH classified as Fisher CT Groups 1 and 2. There were no significant differences in plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels between the patient groups stratified by Hunt and Kosnik grade. In this series, plasma ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in the 12 patients with vasospasm were higher than those in the 15 patients without vasospasm during the 1st week; CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients with vasospasm were in the normal range on Days 0 to 3 after SAH onset, then became elevated on Days 5 to 7 and remained high until the end of the 2nd week. In contrast, CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity levels in patients without vasospasm were within the normal range during the entire period of study. The time course of the occurrence of vasospasm and that of the increase in CSF ET-1-like immunoactivity coincided precisely. The possible role of endogenous ET-1 in the pathogenesis of vasospasm due to SAH is discussed.
Investigations of human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase: role of lipoxygenase products in platelet activation (2012)

Human platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) has recently been shown to play an important role in regulation of human platelet function by reacting with arachidonic acid (AA). However, a number of other fatty acids are present on the platelet surface that, when cleaved from the phospholipid, can be oxidized by 12-LOX. We sought to characterize the substrate specificity of 12-LOX against six essential fatty acids: AA, dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosadienoic acid (EDA), and linoleic acid (LA). Three fatty acids were comparable substrates (AA, DGLA, and EPA), one was 5-fold slower (ALA), and two showed no reactivity with 12-LOX (EDA and LA). The bioactive lipid products resulting from 12-LOX oxidation of DGLA, 12-(S)-hydroperoxy-8Z,10E,14Z-eicosatrienoic acid [12(S)-HPETrE], and its reduced product, 12(S)-HETrE, resulted in significant attenuation of agonist-mediated platelet aggregation, granule secretion, αIIbβ3 activation, Rap1 activation, and clot retraction. Treatment with DGLA similarly inhibited PAR1-mediated platelet activation as well as platelet clot retraction. These observations are in surprising contrast to our recent work showing 12(S)-HETE is a prothrombotic bioactive lipid and support our hypothesis that the overall effect of 12-LOX oxidation of fatty acids in the platelet is dependent on the fatty acid substrates available at the platelet membrane.
Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoalkenes Using Cationic Zirconocene and Titanocene Catalysts (2004)

Alternative catalysts: The hydroamination of nonactivated double bonds has been the domain of rare-earth-metal catalysts. Now alkyl zirconocene and titanocene cations, which are readily prepared from commercially available precursors, are shown to be active catalysts in the hydroamination/cyclization of secondary aminoalkenes to give tertiary pyrrolidines and piperidines. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460880_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
John Barclay: Neo-Latinist at the Jacobean Court (1966)

Among the numerous men of letters patronized by James I, few held a place so close to the king during the early years of his reign as the Scottish-French Neo-Latinist John Barclay. Yet none of the biographical studies of Barclay to date have attempted to collect with any thoroughness the pertinent information regarding the author's ten years (1605-15) at the British court. It seems worthwhile then to present here such information about Barclay's period of service to the king as can be gleaned from the few records available.
Iterative simulation of elastic wave scattering in arbitrary dispersions of spherical particles (2006)

A numerical modeling approach was developed to simulate the propagation of shear and longitudinal waves in arbitrary, dense dispersions of spherical particles. The scattering interactions were modeled with vector multipole functions and boundary condition solutions for each particle. Multiple scattering was simulated by translating the scattered wave fields from one particle to another with the use of translational addition theorems, summing the multiple-scattering contributions, and recalculating the scattering using an iterative method. The approach can simulate 3D dispersions with a variety of particle sizes, compositions, and volume fractions. To test the model, spectra and wave field images were generated from ordered and disordered microstructures containing up to several thousand particles. The model predicted wave propagation phenomena such as refractive focusing and mode conversion. The iterations converged for many particle configurations, but did not converge or only partially converged for certain conditions, specifically large particle dispersions (&gt;100 particles) at short wavelengths (λ∼particle diameter). Incorporating viscoelastic damping into the matrix properties reduced these numerical instabilities. The model is currently constrained by these convergence limitations and by the computation of sufficiently high multipole order for large numbers of particles. The theory and initial results for the model are presented.
In vivo sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected human erythrocytes: a severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model for cerebral malaria. (1995)

Cerebral malaria is a fatal complication of infection by Plasmodium falciparum in man. The neurological symptoms that characterize this form of malarial disease are accompanied by the adhesion of infected erythrocytes to the vasculature of the brain. To study this phenomenon in vivo, an acute phase severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model was developed in which sequestration of P. falciparum-infected human erythrocytes took place. During acute cerebral malaria in humans, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is induced in vascular endothelium by inflammatory reactions. Acute phase ICAM-1 expression can also be obtained in SCID mice. The endothelium of the midbrain region was the most responsive to such inflammatory stimulus. It is noteworthy that the reticular formation in the midbrain controls the level of consciousness, and loss of consciousness is a symptom of cerebral malaria. We found that infected human erythrocytes were retained 24 times more than normal erythrocytes in ICAM-1-positive mouse brain. Sequestration to the brain was reduced by anti-ICAM-1 antibodies. These in vivo results were confirmed by the binding of P. falciparum-infected erythrocytes to the ICAM-1-positive endothelium in tissue sections of mouse brain. We conclude that the SCID mouse serves as a versatile in vivo model that allows the study of P. falciparum-infected erythrocyte adhesion as it occurs in human cerebral malaria. Upregulation of ICAM-1 expression in the region of the midbrain correlates with increased retention of malaria-infected erythrocytes and with the symptoms of cerebral malaria.
Evaluation of silicon oxide cleaning using F2∕Ar remote plasma processing (2005)

In this study, chamber cleaning experiments using a F2∕Ar remote plasma generated from a toroidal-type remote plasma source were carried out in a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. The cleaning processes for the various silicon oxide layers, including PE-oxide (deposited by PECVD using SiH4 and N2O), O3-TEOS oxide (deposited by thermal CVD using ozone and TEOS precursor), and BPSG (borophosphosilicate glass), were investigated by varying the various process parameters, such as the F2 gas flow rate, the F2∕(F2+Ar) flow ratio, and the cleaning temperature. The species emitted during cleaning were monitored by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and residual gas analysis. Under the current experimental conditions, the cleaning rate of the BPSG was 4.1–5.0 and 3.9–7.3 times higher than that those of the PE-oxide and O3-TEOS oxide layers, respectively, at room temperature and an F2∕(F2+Ar) flow ratio of 28.5%–83%. As the cleaning temperature increased from 100 to 350 °C, the cleaning rates of the PE-oxide, O3-TEOS oxide, and BPSG layers were increased by factors of 2.0–3.0, 1.5–2.2, and 3.0–3.4, respectively, at an F2∕(F2+Ar) flow ratio of 28%–68%. The F2∕(F2+Ar) flow ratio and cleaning temperature were found to be the most critical parameters involved in determining the cleaning rate of the various oxide layers.