gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Torque Control System of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Integrated Starter Generator of Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2006)

The basic principle of direct torque control of PMSM was analyzed. To drive the motor in a wide speed range, a direct torque control system was presented. Constant torque control was adopted when rotor's speed was less than the rating speed, or else, the field weakening control was employed. At discrete time, the estimation of stator flux linkage was revised using the current model. The estimation error was reduced and robustness was enhanced. It is proved that fast torque response can be obtained by simulation and implementation of the control strategy.
FTL: a multithreaded environment for parallel computation (1994)

The arrival of high-performance killer micros and the availability of high-performance networks (e.g., ATM) offer potential for building clusters of workstations with a significantly higher level of scalability than before. A promising approach to exploiting parallel computation on these systems is to use multithreading to overlap computation and communication while offering a simple programming model that smoothly integrates these two functions.This paper describes the design and implementation of a portable software platform for multithreaded computation in distributed memory systems. The goal is to provide a runtime environment that efficiently integrates computation and communication, and runs on off-the-shelf workstations without any hardware or operating system modifications. The target configurations are networked clusters of UNIX workstations, such as workstation farms and high-speed interconnect clusters. The FTL software platform is being implemented as a runtime library that can be used either directly by a programmer, or by a compiler. Portability and programmability are among the important objectives in our design.
Properties of the SIRS suppressor pathway. (1983)

The SIRS suppressor pathway is initiated by activation of Ly 2+ T lymphocytes by either con A or IFN beta. SIRS is a protein which has been purified and exists as two species with mol. wts. of 14,000 and 21,500. The target of SIRS is the macrophage and macrophages appear to oxidize or activate SIRS in a peroxide dependent process. Catalase blocks SIRS or IFN beta action by consuming H2O2 and levamisole blocks SIRS or IFN beta by preventing activation or oxidation of SIRS by H2O2. Other agents which block SIRS or IFN beta action include electron donors which can inactivate SIRSox. SIRSox is a potent inhibitor of immune responses and proliferation of normal and neoplastic cells. The mechanism of SIRSox-mediated inhibition of proliferation appears to involve oxidation or modification of protein sulfhydryls. Although the applicability of this pathway to the regulation of immune responses and cellular proliferation remains to be determined, both IFN beta and levamisole have been found to affect a wide variety of cellular processes. The involvement of both IFN beta and levamisole in the SIRS pathway suggests that this pathway may be an important host mechanism for regulating both immune responses and cellular proliferation in general.
Walking in the cloud (2015)

Despite its popularity, SimRank is computationally costly, in both time and space. In particular, its recursive nature poses a great challenge in using modern distributed computing power, and also prevents querying similarities individually. Existing solutions suffer greatly from these practical issues. In this paper, we break such dependency for maximum efficiency possible. Our method consists of offline and online phases. In offline phase, a length- n indexing vector is derived by solving a linear system in parallel. At online query time, the similarities are computed instantly from the index vector. Throughout, the Monte Carlo method is used to maximally reduce time and space. Our algorithm, called CloudWalker, is highly parallelizable, with only linear time and space. Remarkably, it responses to both single-pair and single-source queries in constant time. CloudWalker is orders of magnitude more efficient and scalable than existing solutions for large-scale problems. Implemented on Spark with 10 machines and tested on the web-scale clue-web graph with 1 billion nodes and 43 billion edges, it takes 110 hours for offline indexing, 64 seconds for a single-pair query, and 188 seconds for a single-source query. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to report results on clue-web, which is 10x larger than the largest graph ever reported for SimRank computation.
A compact high-power nitrogen laser (1973)

A compact high-power nitrogen laser has been devised using commercially available ceramic capacitors. An output power of 1 MW with a 7 ns pulse width is obtained for an active length of 50 cm when it is operated at 18 kV. The dependence of the laser light output on the configuration of the ceramic capacitors has been studied experimentally as a function of the nitrogen gas pressure.
Immunolocalization of Acyl-Coenzyme A:CholesterolO-Acyltransferase in Macrophages (1998)

Macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions accumulate large amounts of cholesteryl-fatty acyl esters ("foam cell" formation) through the intracellular esterification of cholesterol by acyl-coenzyme A:cholesterol O-acyltransferase (ACAT). In this study, we sought to determine the subcellular localization of ACAT in macrophages. Using mouse peritoneal macrophages and immunofluorescence microscopy, we found that a major portion of ACAT was in a dense reticular cytoplasmic network and in the nuclear membrane that colocalized with the luminal endoplasmic reticulum marker protein-disulfide isomerase (PDI) and that was in a similar distribution as the membrane-bound endoplasmic reticulum marker ribophorin. Remarkably, another portion of the macrophage ACAT pattern did not overlap with PDI or ribophorin, but was found in as yet unidentified cytoplasmic structures that were juxtaposed to the nucleus. Compartments containing labeled beta-very low density lipoprotein, an atherogenic lipoprotein, did not overlap with the ACAT label, but rather were embedded in the dense reticular network of ACAT. Furthermore, cell-surface biotinylation experiments revealed that freshly harvested, non-attached macrophages, but not those attached to tissue culture dishes, contained approximately 10-15% of ACAT on the cell surface. In summary, ACAT was found in several sites in macrophages: a cytoplasmic reticular/nuclear membrane site that overlaps with PDI and ribophorin and has the characteristics of the endoplasmic reticulum, a perinuclear cytoplasmic site that does not overlap with PDI or ribophorin and may be another cytoplasmic structure or possibly a unique subcompartment of the endoplasmic reticulum, and a cell-surface site in non-attached macrophages. Understanding possible physiological differences of ACAT in these locations may reveal an important component of ACAT regulation and macrophage foam cell formation.
Comparing optical performance of a wide range of perovskite/silicon tandem architectures under real‐world conditions (2021)

Since single junction c-Si solar cells are reaching their practical efficiency limit. Perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells hold the promise of achieving greater than 30% efficiencies. In this regard, optical simulations can deliver guidelines for reducing the parasitic absorption losses and increasing the photocurrent density of the tandem solar cells. In this work, an optical study of 2, 3 and 4 terminal perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells with c-Si solar bottom cells passivated by high thermal-budget poly-Si, poly-SiO<sub>x</sub> and poly-SiC<sub>x</sub> is performed to evaluate their optical performance with respect to the conventional tandem solar cells employing silicon heterojunction bottom cells. The parasitic absorption in these carrier selective passivating contacts has been quantified. It is shown that they enable greater than 20 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> matched implied photocurrent density in un-encapsulated 2T tandem architecture along with being compatible with high temperature production processes. For studying the performance of such tandem devices in real-world irradiance conditions and for different locations of the world, the effect of solar spectrum and angle of incidence on their optical performance is studied. Passing from mono-facial to bi-facial tandem solar cells, the photocurrent density in the bottom cell can be increased, requiring again optical optimization. Here, we analyse the effect of albedo, perovskite thickness and band gap as well as geographical location on the optical performance of these bi-facial perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells. Our optical study shows that bi-facial 2T tandems, that also convert light incident from the rear, require radically thicker perovskite layers to match the additional current from the c-Si bottom cell. For typical perovskite bandgap and albedo values, even doubling the perovskite thickness is not sufficient. In this respect, lower bandgap perovskites are very interesting for application not only in bi-facial 2T tandems but also in related 3T and 4T tandems.
A Design of Microstrip Directional Coupler for High Directivity and Tight Coupling (2001)

In this paper, we presented a novel structure of microstrip directional coupler for realizing the high directivity characteristic and tight coupling. The achievement of the high directivity with microstrip configuration was carried out by matching the even and odd mode effective phase velocities. By using 2-dimensional finite element(FE) calculations, the phase velocity for each mode and design parameters were extracted for given dimensions. Based on the extracted design parameter with phase matched condition, we designed and fabricated 3dB and 4.7dB directional coupler at 2.0GHz. Experimental results of microstrip coupler show good performance with excellent isolation characteristics.
Speed of processing training protects self-rated health in older adults: enduring effects observed in the multi-site ACTIVE randomized controlled trial (2009)

The speed of processing intervention significantly protected self-rated health in ACTIVE, with the average benefit equivalent to half the difference between excellent vs. very good health.
Femtosecond optical ranging of corneal incision depth. (1989)

Excimer laser ablation has been proposed as a technique for keratorefractive surgery. Clinical acceptance of linear-incision laser keratectomy may depend on the availability of a method for accurately and noninvasively monitoring incision depth during the ablation process. We have developed a femto-second optical ranging technique for measurement of corneal incision depth. This technique uses nonlinear optical cross-correlation to determine the time-of-flight of an ultrashort laser pulse between the anterior corneal surface and the bottom of the keratectomy incision. Longitudinal and transverse resolution are estimated to be 5 micron and 10 micron, respectively.
Service outage based capacity and optimum power allocation for parallel fading channels (2003)

The service outage based capacity proposed in this paper combines the concepts of ergodic capacity and outage capacity for fading channels. Service outage based capacity determines the maximum expected rate subject to a constraint which ensures that a basic service rate is achieved most of the time. A near optimum power allocation is derived for M-parallel fading channels. For a range of system parameters, this near optimum power allocation is in fact optimum and achieves the service outage based capacity.
Polymerizations of 1‐(9‐anthryl)ethyl methacrylate and charge‐transfer complex formations with its polymers (1978)

Abstract 1‐(9‐Anthryl)ethyl methacrylate (9AEMA) was prepared by condensation of 1‐(9‐anthryl)ethanol with methacryloyl chloride. The rate of AIBN initiated polymerization of 9AEMA in benzene at 60°C was intermediate between the polymerization rates of styrene and methyl methacrylate. 9AEMA/styrene copolymerization studies at 60°C resulted in the copolymerization parameters r 9AEMA = 0,42±0,07 and r st = 0,37 ± 0,08. Charge transfer complexes are formed between p ‐ chloranil and the 9AEMA homo‐ and copolymers. The absorption maxima of the CT‐complexes shifted to higher wavelengths with increasing 9AEMA content of the copolymers, whereas the equilibrium constant of the CT‐complex formation was independent of copolymer composition. Both the complex formation enthalpies and entropies decreased with increasing 9AEMA content of the copolymers.
Identification of Nuclear Export Inhibitors with Potent Anticancer Activity <i>In vivo</i> (2009)

The export protein CRM1 is required for the nuclear export of a wide variety of cancer-related "cargo" proteins including p53, c-Abl, and FOXO-3A. Leptomycin B (LMB) is a highly specific inhibitor of CRM1 with significant in vitro potency but limited in vivo efficacy due to toxicity. We now report a series of semisynthetic LMB derivatives showing substantially improved therapeutic windows. Exposure of cancer cells to these compounds leads to a rapid and prolonged block of nuclear export and apoptosis. In contrast to what is observed in cancer cells, these agents induce cell cycle arrest, but not apoptosis, in normal lung fibroblasts. These new nuclear export inhibitors (NEI) maintain the high potency of LMB, are up to 16-fold better tolerated than LMB in vivo, and show significant efficacy in multiple mouse xenograft models. These NEIs show the potential of CRM1 inhibitors as novel and potent anticancer agents.
Use of solid electrolytic erosion for generating nano-aperture near-field collectors (1997)

A new way in the fabrication of metallized nano-apertures for near-field optical microscopy is proposed. The method is based on the electrolysis between a silver metallized probe and an electrolytic glass. By dry electrolytic erosion, the metal on the tip apex is removed and lead to a very small metal free aperture. This method applied here to tapered fibers, can be extended to any other metallized tip in a rather reproducible way.
Genetic progression in sporadic endometrial and gastrointestinal cancers with high microsatellite instability (2002)

Abstract This study selected a series of 136 MSI‐H (microsatellite instability at high frequency) gastric, colorectal, and endometrial carcinomas combining immunohistochemical analysis for hMLH1 or hMSH2 gene products and microsatellite study. The clinico‐pathological profile of all tumours was correlated with the overall instability rates at coding and non‐coding repeats, in order to clarify the role and the mutation timing of seven target genes (TGFβRII, IGFIIR, BAX, hMSH3, hMSH6, CHK1, and BRCA2) in the progression of an MSI‐H neoplasm. Regardless of the primary site, the results confirm a model of oncogenesis in which inactivation of hMLH1, or less frequently hMSH2, may initiate a pathway culminating in a progressive accumulation of frameshifts in coding region (CDR) microsatellites. Comparing gastrointestinal and endometrial tumours, significantly lower levels of microsatellite instability at both coding and non‐coding repeats were observed. Among gastric and colorectal tumours, the detection of small shortening within Bat‐26 and Bat‐25 markers defines a subgroup of MSI‐H gastrointestinal tumours invariably characterized by early stage at diagnosis. In these tumours, mutations of TGFβRII or BAX genes precede frameshifts in the other tested genes. The analysis of correlations between the mutational and clinico‐pathological profiles of advanced gastrointestinal tumours revealed that the higher levels of microsatellite instability at both coding and non‐coding repeats were not associated with a more advanced clinico‐pathological stage or a less favourable outcome. A significant association was observed between a low number of CDR frameshifts and the presence of lymph‐node metastasis in advanced gastrointestinal tumours. The existence of advanced MSI‐H tumours with more aggressive behaviour and a ‘mild mutator phenotype’ could be explained by hypothesizing an overlapping of different mechanisms of tumourigenesis, including both the mutator and the suppressor pathways; this should be tested by further studies. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I mRNA in Rat Brain by<i>in Situ</i>Hybridization—Relationship to IGF-I Receptors (1990)

Recent evidence has demonstrated regional synthesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in rat brain, which is also known to contain widespread specific type I IGF receptors. In order to precisely define sites of IGF-I mRNA synthesis, and their relationship to IGF-I receptor sites, we have applied the techniques of in situ hybridization and in vitro receptor autoradiography in rat brain. Frozen sections of adult rat brain and liver were hybridized with 32P-labeled cDNA inserts for human IGF-I (780 base pairs) or a positive control transthyretin cDNA (1430 base pairs) probe, or a series of negative probes, followed by film or emulsion autoradiography. Receptor autoradiography was performed on similar sections using 125I-IGF-I in buffer, some chambers containing excess unlabeled IGF-I. Hybridization of IGF-I probe was clearly seen only in three major brain regions: the olfactory bulb, hippocampus and cerebellum, whereas transthyretin only hybridized to choroid plexus as expected, and other probes showed no hybridization. In olfactory bulb, hybridization was greatest in the internal granular and mitral cell layers, with lower levels in the glomerular layer, where IGF-I receptors were concentrated. In hippocampus, hybridization was to pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn in CA1 and CA2 layers and dentate gyrus, with some labeling in CA3. IGF-I receptors were most dense in CA2, CA3, CA4, and dentate gyrus. In cerebellum, hybridization was to the granule cell layer, with IGF-I receptors primarily in the adjacent molecular layer. We have clearly demonstrated precise sites of local IGF-I synthesis in adult rat brain, adjacent to, and sometimes overlapping sites of high density IGF-I receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Integrated control of wind farms, facts devices and the power network using neural networks and adaptive critic designs (2008)

Worldwide concern about the environmental problems and a possible energy crisis has led to increasing interest in clean and renewable energy generation. Among various renewable energy sources, wind power is the most rapidly growing one. Therefore, how to provide efficient, reliable, and high-performance wind power generation and distribution has become an important and practical issue in the power industry.\n In addition, because of the new constraints placed by the environmental and economical factors, the trend of power system planning and operation is toward maximum utilization of the existing infrastructure with tight system operating and stability margins. This trend, together with the increased penetration of renewable energy sources, will bring new challenges to power system operation, control, stability and reliability which require innovative solutions. Flexible ac transmission system (FACTS) devices, through their fast, flexible, and effective control capability, provide one possible solution to these challenges.\n To fully utilize the capability of individual power system components, e.g., wind turbine generators (WTGs) and FACTS devices, their control systems must be suitably designed with high reliability. Moreover, in order to optimize local as well as system-wide performance and stability of the power system, real-time local and wide-area coordinated control is becoming an important issue.\n Power systems containing conventional synchronous generators, WTGs, and FACTS devices are large-scale, nonlinear, nonstationary, stochastic and complex systems distributed over large geographic areas. Traditional mathematical tools and system control techniques have limitations to control such complex systems to achieve an optimal performance. Intelligent and bio-inspired techniques, such as swarm intelligence, neural networks, and adaptive critic designs, are emerging as promising alternative technologies for power system control and performance optimization.\n This work focuses on the development of advanced optimization and intelligent control algorithms to improve the stability, reliability and dynamic performance of WTGs, FACTS devices, and the associated power networks. The proposed optimization and control algorithms are validated by simulation studies in PSCAD/EMTDC, experimental studies, or real-time implementations using Real Time Digital Simulation (RTDS) and TMS320C6701 Digital Signal Processor (DSP) Platform. Results show that they significantly improve electrical energy security, reliability and sustainability.
Novel liquid crystal mixtures for a surface-stabilized ferroelectric LCD (1997)

We synthesized novel fluorine-substituted chiral compounds having a fluorine atom at an asymmetric carbon and a difluorinated biphenyl ring as a core of a liquid crystal molecule by means of an original method. The ferroelectric mixtures were obtained by mixing the chiral compounds with the non-chiral liquid crystal mixture with a wide SmC temperature range between 29 C (crystallized) and 78 C. They show a large P s greater than 10 nC cm -2 at 5 wt% of the chiral compound. Two types of cell, called 'parallel' and 'antiparallel', were fabricated according to the relative direction of the rubbing direction on the substrates. The parallel cells filled with the FLC mixtures show the usual bistable SSFLC (surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal). The fast response time of 60mus (22V pp pulse width 250mus, at room temperature) was obtained. The apparent cone angle was 45.2 in the switching state and 40.5 in the memory state. On the other hand, the antiparallel cells show an unusual monostable behaviour, i.e. the director falls back to the original configuration when the applied voltage is switched off. The surface-stabilized monostable cells show very attractive characteristics for application for a TFT-active matrix LCD; a high contrast of 81 :1, a fast response time (of the order of 1ms), and an analogue-grey scale with excellent linearity within the low voltage range below 4 V.
Normal Reference Laboratory Values (2004)

The following is a table of reference values for adults for laboratory tests commonly ordered at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and recorded in the Case Records. The table revises the most recently published data (Normal Reference Laboratory Values. N Engl J Med 1998;339:1063-72). Laboratory values are expressed in the units used at the MGH and the units of the Système International d'Unités (SI units). The table is not intended to provide a comprehensive review of reference values, since this information is widely available in standard textbooks. To avoid suggesting an endorsement of commercial products by the hospital or the Journal, . . .