gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological activity of tyrosine kinase inhibitors: novel agents for psoriasis therapy. (2001)

Uncontrolled signaling from protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) can lead to numerous proliferative and inflammatory diseases, and identification of the specific PTKs that play a key role in a defined disease could potentially lead to a selective therapeutic agent. In psoriasis, the balance of signals that regulate the homeostasis of normal epidermis is altered. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) system in this process. The PTK inhibitor from the tyrphostins family--AG-1571 (SU-5271) potently inhibits proliferation of psoriatic keratinocytes in excellent correlation with its EGFR kinase inhibitory activity, and was in clinical trials by SUGEN Inc. The recently developed in vivo models of psoriasis may become useful tools to evaluate PTK inhibitors to treat the disease and open a novel specific therapeutic approach. This article summarizes recent progress in the development of PTK inhibitors in the treatment of psoriasis.
Design of SSCMP with Arbiter and Shared Data Memory Interrupt (2007)

In the machine vision system, a common and effective way to solve high complexity and huge throughput of image processing arithmetic computation is to adopt instruction-level-parallel scheme through multiple MCUs with the single-threading architecture. Based on it, this paper proposed a kind of symmetric single-chip multiprocessor (SSCMP) architecture, which composed of four subprocessors and one solution for on-chip arbiter and shared data memory interrupt (SDMI). Each subprocessor could work in cooperant and also was completely independent mode. What's more, the proposed architecture set up a shared space for command transfering and data exchanging. An arbiter judgment scheme and effective interrupt access mechanism were introduced to reduce the burden of data exchange and eliminate competitions between the subprocessors.
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Inhibits a Cation Channel in Renal Inner Medullary Collecting Duct Cells (1989)

The patch-clamp technique was used to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and its second messenger guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cGMP) on an amiloride-sensitive cation channel in the apical membrane of renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. Both ANP (10(-11) M) and dibutyryl guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate (10(-4) M) inhibited the channel in cell-attached patches, and cGMP (10(-5) M) inhibited the channel in inside-out patches. The inner medullary collecting duct is the first tissue in which ANP, via its second messenger cGMP, has been shown to regulate single ion channels. The results suggest that the natriuretic action of ANP is related in part to cGMP-mediated inhibition of electrogenic Na+ absorption by the inner medullary collecting duct.
Production of Biodiesel from Coconut Oil Using Microwave: Effect of Some Parameters on Transesterification Reaction by NaOH Catalyst (2015)

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of reaction time and NaOH catalyst in transesterification of coconut oil enhanced by microwave and to obtain a biodiesel. Reaction was conducted in batch reactor which equipped by microwave. Coconut oil contains saturated fatty acids about 70% with medium chain (C8-C14), especially lauric acid and myristic acid. The reaction was initiated by mixing oil and methanol with oil to methanol mole ratios of 1:3, 1:6, 1:9 and 1:12, catalyst concentration of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 and 0.3 wt.%, as well as setting electrical power at 100, 264 and 400 W. The reaction times were of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5 min. The result showed that microwave could be employed as an energy source and was able to accelerate the transesterification process to produce biodiesel using NaOH catalyst. The biodiesel yields increase with increasing microwave power. The highest yield of biodiesel obtained was of 97.37% with reaction conditions set at 0.2 wt.% catalyst, a reaction time of 2 min, molar ratio of methanol to oil 1:9 and microwave power of 400 watt. © 2015 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)
Safety testing of monoclonal antibodies in non-human primates: Case studies highlighting their impact on human risk assessment (2017)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are improving the quality of life for patients suffering from serious diseases due to their high specificity for their target and low potential for off-target toxicity. The toxicity of mAbs is primarily driven by their pharmacological activity, and therefore safety testing of these drugs prior to clinical testing is performed in species in which the mAb binds and engages the target to a similar extent to that anticipated in humans. For highly human-specific mAbs, this testing often requires the use of non-human primates (NHPs) as relevant species. It has been argued that the value of these NHP studies is limited because most of the adverse events can be predicted from the knowledge of the target, data from transgenic rodents or target-deficient humans, and other sources. However, many of the mAbs currently in development target novel pathways and may comprise novel scaffolds with multi-functional domains; hence, the pharmacological effects and potential safety risks are less predictable. Here, we present a total of 18 case studies, including some of these novel mAbs, with the aim of interrogating the value of NHP safety studies in human risk assessment. These studies have identified mAb candidate molecules and pharmacological pathways with severe safety risks, leading to candidate or target program termination, as well as highlighting that some pathways with theoretical safety concerns are amenable to safe modulation by mAbs. NHP studies have also informed the rational design of safer drug candidates suitable for human testing and informed human clinical trial design (route, dose and regimen, patient inclusion and exclusion criteria and safety monitoring), further protecting the safety of clinical trial participants.
Search for Potent Anthelmintics—Part XI N1-p-[4-(Phenyl/p-Tolyl)- 1 -Piperazino] Phenyl-N3-Alkyl/Aryl Ureas and Thioureas (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 007 <em>Manuscript received 7 February 1979, accepted 4 August 1979</em> Twenty new N<sup>1</sup>-\(p\)[4-(phenyl/\(p\)-tolyl)-1-piperazino] phenyl-N<sup>3</sup>-alkyl/aryl ureas and thioureas have<em> </em>been synthesised by the condensation of 4-phenyl/\(p\)-tolyl-1-(aminophenyl) piperazine with various alkyl/aryl isocyanates or aryl isothiocyanates in dry benzene. Out of the six compounds screened against <em>H.\(nana\) </em>infections in mice, one reduced the worm population by 40%.
Joint Optimization of the Power-Added Efficiency and the Error-Vector Measurement of 20-GHz pHEMT Amplifier Through a New Dynamic Bias-Control Method (2004)

This paper presents a method for the optimization of the power-added efficiency (PAE), as well as the error-vector measurement (EVM) of a 20-GHz power amplifier (PA) applied in this case to the M quadrature and amplitude modulations. A first key point lies in that both input and output biasing voltages of the solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) are dynamically controlled according to the RF power level associated with the symbol to be transmitted. The leading idea is that the dynamic biasing control is designed and implemented to keep fixed amplitude (AM/AM) and phase (AM/PM) conversion values, while the RF input power level changes. The power gain of the PAs can then be dynamically tuned to a fixed power gain corresponding to the compression gain behavior for which the PAE is optimum at low-, medium-, and high-input RF power levels. As a main consequence, PAE performances can be drastically improved as compared to classical backoff solutions and optimized while keeping a very good EVM. A Ka-band hybrid amplifier has been realized using an 8/spl times/75 /spl mu/m power pseudomorphic high electron-mobility transistor. The proposed linearization technique is validated by comparisons between measured PAE and EVM on the SSPA when a fixed and controlled bias are used.
Compound locomotion control system combining crawling and walking for multi-crawler multi-arm robot to adapt unstructured and unknown terrain (2018)

How to improve task performance and how to control a robot in extreme environments when just a few sensors can be used to obtain environmental information are two of the problems for disaster response robots (DRRs). Compared with conventional DRRs, multi-arm multi-flipper crawler type robot (MAMFR) have high mobility and task-execution capabilities. Because, crawler robots and quadruped robots have complementary advantages in locomotion, therefore we have the vision to combine both of these advantages in MAMFR. Usually, MAMFR (like four-arm four-flipper robot OCTOPUS) was designed for working in extreme environments such as that with heavy smoke and fog. Therefore it is a quite necessary requirement that DRR should have the ability to work in the situation even if vision and laser sensors are not available. To maximize terrains adaption ability, self-balancing capability, and obstacle getting over capability in unstructured disaster site, as well as reduce the difficulty of robot control, we proposed a semi-autonomous control system to realize this compound locomotion method for MAMFRs. In this control strategy, robot can explore the terrain and obtain basic information about the surrounding by its structure and internal sensors, such as encoder and inertial measurement unit. Except that control system also can recognize the relative positional relationship between robot and surrounding environment through its arms and crawlers state when robot moving. Because the control rules is simple but effective, and each part can adjust its own state automatically according to robot state and explored terrain, MRMFRs have better terrain adaptability and stability. Experimental results with a virtual reality simulator indicated that the designed control system significantly improved stability and mobility of robot in tasks, it also indicated that robot can adapt complex terrain when controlled by designed control system.
Bacterial Bioassay for Rapid and Accurate Analysis of Arsenic in Highly Variable Groundwater Samples (2005)

In this study, we report the first ever large-scale environmental validation of a microbial reporter-based test to measure arsenic concentrations in natural water resources. A bioluminescence-producing arsenic-inducible bacterium based on Escherichia coli was used as the reporter organism. Specific protocols were developed with the goal to avoid the negative influence of iron in groundwater on arsenic availability to the bioreporter cells. A total of 194 groundwater samples were collected in the Red River and Mekong River Delta regions of Vietnam and were analyzed both by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and by the arsenic bioreporter protocol. The bacterial cells performed well at and above arsenic concentrations in groundwater of 7 microg/L, with an almost linearly proportional increase of the bioluminescence signal between 10 and 100 microg As/L (r2 = 0.997). Comparisons between AAS and arsenic bioreporter determinations gave an overall average of 8.0% false negative and 2.4% false positive identifications for the bioreporter prediction at the WHO recommended acceptable arsenic concentration of 10 microg/L, which is far betterthan the performance of chemical field test kits. Because of the ease of the measurement protocol and the low application cost, the microbiological arsenic test has a great potential in large screening campaigns in Asia and in other areas suffering from arsenic pollution in groundwater resources.
Cyr61 Suppresses Growth of Human Endometrial Cancer Cells (2004)

Cyr61 (CCN1) is a member of the CCN protein family; these secreted proteins are involved in diverse biological processes such as cell adhesion, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and either growth arrest or growth stimulation depending on the cellular context. We studied the role of Cyr61 in endometrial tumorigenesis. Levels of Cyr61 were decreased in endometrial tumors compared with normal endometrium. Knockdown of Cyr61 expression by RNA interference in a well differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line (Ishikawa) stimulated its cellular growth. Conversely, overexpression of the protein in the undifferentiated AN3CA endometrial cancer cell line decreased their growth concurrently with increased apoptosis in liquid culture. These same cells had decreased clonogenic capacity and a nearly complete loss of tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, partially purified Cyr61 suppressed growth of endometrial cancer cells. The increased apoptosis in these endometrial cancer cells with forced overexpression of Cyr61 was associated with elevated expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bad, and TRAIL (tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated ligand). Cyr61-induced caspase-3 activation and depolarization of mitochondrial membrane. In summary, endometrial cancer cells have decreased expression of Cyr61 compared with normal endometrium, and this lowered expression may provide the transformed cells a growth advantage over their normal counterpart.
Electric rear axle torque vectoring for combined yaw stability and velocity control near the limit of handling (2013)

In this paper we propose a control architecture to stabilize a vehicle during cornering near the limit of lateral acceleration using the rear axle electric torque vectoring configuration of a hybrid vehicle. A vehicle model incorporating nonlinear tyre characteristics and coupling of tyre forces along longitudinal and lateral directions is used to calculate reference steady-state cornering conditions, as well as to design a linear controller with wheel slip ratio inputs. A backstepping controller then provides the necessary motor torques to achieve the wheel slip ratio requested by the linear controller. The controller provides stability of the lateral vehicle dynamics and regulates the longitudinal velocity to ensure feasibility of the reference trajectory.
Pacer: A Progress Management System for Live Virtual Machine Migration in Cloud Computing (2013)

Live migration of virtual machines is a key management function in cloud computing. Unfortunately, no live migration progress management system exists in the state-ofthe- art, leading to (1) guesswork over how long a migration might take and the inability to schedule dependent tasks accordingly; (2) unacceptable application degradation when application components become split over distant cloud datacenters for an arbitrary period during migration; (3) inability to tradeoff application performance and migration time e.g. to finish migration later for less impact on application performance. Pacer is the first migration progress management system that solves these problems. Pacer's techniques are based on robust and lightweight run-time measurements of system and workload characteristics, efficient and accurate analytic models for progress predictions, and online adaptation to maintain user-defined migration objectives for coordinated and timely migrations. Our experiments on a local testbed and on Amazon EC2 show that Pacer is highly effective under a range of application workloads and network conditions.
Increased bcl-2 expression in lymphocytes and its association with hepatocellular damage in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (1999)

The proto-oncogene product bcl-2 is known to inhibit apoptotic cell death, and its dysregulation might play a critical role in the development of autoimmune disease. To elucidate the role of bcl-2 in autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), its expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in liver-infiltrating lymphocytes (LIL) was investigated. Increased bcl-2 expression in PBMC was found in AIH patients compared with that in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients and in healthy controls. The level of bcl-2 expression significantly correlated with serum ALT level. Further analysis showed that CD4+ T cells are enriched in bcl-2-expressing PBMC. To characterize the Th1/Th2 profile of bcl-2-expressing CD4+ T cells, intracellular interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-4 were analysed. The results revealed that most of the bcl-2-expressing cells were found to be IFN-gamma-secreting Th1 cells. In three patients for whom their clinical courses could be followed, bcl-2 expression was decreased after the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids. However, the level of IFN-gamma + cells was not altered. Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that large amounts of bcl-2+ cells were observed in periportal area in the liver. In conclusion, bcl-2-expressing cells were shown to be increased in peripheral blood and liver in AIH and the bcl-2 product was expressed mainly in CD4+ Th1-type cells, suggesting that these cells might promote the cellular immune response and contribute to the development of hepatitis and hepatocellular damage in AIH.
손자극 간호요법이 임부의 피로와 혈중 코티졸에 미치는 효과 (2007)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of hand stimulation intervention by moxa on fatigue and the blood cortisol level in pregnant women. Method: This study was conducted using a nonequivalent control-group pretest-posttest design from Oct 13 to Dec 15, 2005. The participants were pregnant women in the Gyeong-gi area. The numbers of experimental and control subjects were 16 and 13, respectively. The hand stimulation intervention by moxa was applied to the experimental group three times a week, for a total of fifteen times for five weeks. Result: The blood cortisol level was statistically significantly different between the two groups. However, the degree of fatigue was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: These results suggest that hand stimulation intervention by moxa can be used as an effective nursing intervention in pregnant women. The implications for nursing practice and directions for future research are discussed.
Spino-Pelvic Parameters After Surgery Can be Predicted (2011)

This is the first study to develop and validate pragmatic predictive models for key spino-pelvic parameters (PT and SVA) in the setting of adult spinal deformity. Using a morphologic pelvic parameter (pelvic incidence) and spinal parameters modifiable through surgery (lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis), postoperative sagittal alignment can be predicted.
Synthesis of artificial magnetic conductors by using multilayered frequency selective surfaces (2002)

In this letter, the combination of a multilayered dielectric structure, a capacitive frequency selective surface (FSS) and a perfectly electric conducting (PEC) ground plane is proposed for realizing high-impedance surfaces. These surfaces behave like an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) in a specific frequency range; the inclusion of the dielectric layers allows us to enhance the angular properties of the AMC as well as the frequency bandwidth of the device. In order to obtain the proper values of the design parameters, a genetic algorithm (GA) is employed that makes use of an electromagnetic solver based on the method of moments (MoM) to evaluate the scattering properties of the structure. A key step in the design procedure is the inclusion in the fitness function of the electromagnetic response of the high-impedance surface with respect to the illumination angle. The synthesized structure shows the desired frequency performance and reveals robust as concerns the stability of the solution with respect to a wide interval of illumination angles.
Masernepidemie in der Zentralschweiz 2006–2009: Hohe Morbidität und Kosten (2014)

Due to low vaccine coverage measles still account for epidemics with high morbidity and extensive costs. Instant reporting of all cases is crucial for disease control. Early identification of persons at risk allows timely immunization. Switzerland will remain of central importance to eliminate measles in Europe by 2015.
The Design and Implementation of Reed-Solomon Decoder in Broadband Wireless Access (2008)

This paper introduces the broadband wireless access technology which is applied in WMAN. And the design of Reed-Solomon (RS (255, 239)) in IEEE802.16a/d FEC based on time-domain Berlekamp-Massey (BM) algorithm is implemented. In this decoder pipeline architecture is adopted. Furthermore, finite-field constant multipliers and specially the time-division- multiplex structure used for key equation solution are referred, which reduce the bulk of circuit and simplify the hardware architecture. The RS decoder has been synthesized with Design Compiler and 0.25 mum CMOS technology and the implementation result shows a scale of 24581 gates. The circuit can detect and correct at most 8 byte errors for each data frame under the demanded working frequency of 30 MHz, which meets the performance required on QAM demodulation chip.
Review of therapeutic strategies for osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing’s sarcoma (2011)

The most prevalent forms of bone cancer are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing's sarcoma. Although chemotherapy and radiotherapy have replaced traditional surgical treatments, survival rates have undergone only marginal improvements. Current knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in each type of cancer has led to better approaches in cancer treatment. A number of cell signaling molecules are involved in tumorigenesis, and specific targets have been identified based on these signal transducers. This review highlights some of the important cellular pathways and potential therapeutic targets, tumor site-specific irradiation techniques, and novel drug delivery systems used to administer these drugs.
Defining a Link between Gap Junction Communication, Proteolysis, and Cataract Formation (2001)

Disruption of the connexin alpha 3 (Cx46) gene (alpha 3 (-/-)) in mice results in severe cataracts within the nuclear portion of the lens. These cataracts are associated with proteolytic processing of the abundant lens protein gamma-crystallin, leading to its aggregation and subsequent opacification of the lens. The general cysteine protease inhibitor, E-64, blocked cataract formation and gamma-crystallin cleavage in alpha 3 (-/-) lenses. Using a new class of activity-based cysteine protease affinity probes, we identified the calcium-dependent proteases, m-calpain and Lp82, as the primary targets of E-64 in the lens. Profiling changes in protease activities throughout cataractogenesis indicated that Lp82 activity was dramatically increased in alpha 3 (-/-) lenses and correlated both spatially and temporally with cataract formation. Increased Lp82 activity was due to calcium accumulation as a result of increased influx and decreased outflux of calcium ions in alpha 3 (-/-) lenses. These data establish a role for alpha 3 gap junctions in maintaining calcium homeostasis that in turn is required to control activity of the calcium-dependent cysteine protease Lp82, shown here to be a key initiator of the process of cataractogenesis.
SUBUNITS OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN: AN IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDY (1973)

ABSTRACT The α and β subunits of HCG were prepared by urea-treatment of the hormone and isolated by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 chromatography. Further purification of the subunits was achieved by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100. Partial chemico-physical characterization confirmed the non-identity of the HCG subunits, as previously reported by several investigators. A radioimmunoassay (RIA) system based on 125 I-HCG-β + anti-HCG-β serum was used to study the antigenic similarities between HCG, HCG-α and -β, human pituitary LH, urinary LH and FSH. The highest cross-reactivity was found for HCG, followed by HCG-α, LH and FSH. The specificity of the above mentioned RIA system was increased by absorbing the anti-HCG-β serum with HCG-α. Because of the ability of this absorbed antiserum to discriminate between HCG and LH, a study was carried out to detect specifically HCG in urine in spite of the presence of physiological amounts of LH.