gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, Modeling, and Validation of a High-Speed Rotary Pulse-Width-Modulation On/Off Hydraulic Valve (2012)

Efficient high-speed on/off valves are an enabling technology for applying digital control techniques such as pulse-width-modulation (PWM) to hydraulic systems. Virtually variable displacement pumps (VVDPs) are one application where variable displacement functionality is attained using a fixed-displacement pump paired with an on/off valve and an accumulator. High-speed valves increase system bandwidth and reduce output pressure ripple by enabling higher switching frequencies. In addition to fast switching, on/off valves should also have small pressure drop and low actuation power to be effective in these applications. In this paper, a new unidirectional rotary valve designed for PWM is proposed. The valve is unique in utilizing the hydraulic fluid flowing through it as a power source for rotation. An unoptimized prototype capable of high flow rate (40 lpm), high speed (2.8 ms transition time at 100 Hz PWM frequency), and low pressure drop (0.62 MPa), while consuming little actuation power (<0.5% full power or 30 W, scavenged from fluid stream), has been constructed and experimentally validated. This paper describes the valve design, analyzes its performance and losses, and develops mathematical models that can be used for design and simulation. The models are validated using experimental data from a proof-of-concept prototype. The valve efficiency is quantified and suggestions for improving the efficiency in future valves are provided.
Supplements containing amino acids and keto acids in the treatment of chronic uremia. (1983)

Three mixtures containing varying proportions of threonine, tyrosine, and the ornithine, lysine, and histidine salts of branched-chain keto acids have been tested as dietary supplements to a 20- to 25-g mixed-quality protein diet in patients with severe chronic uremia. Two of the three supplements improved the abnormalities of plasma amino acid concentrations, and slowed or arrested progression of renal insufficiency. The second supplement, which contained less threonine and lysine, led to subnormal plasma concentrations of these two amino acids and aggravated hypophosphatemia. The third supplement, which also contained a small amount of the hydroxy analogue of methionine, was the most effective in slowing progression. The results emphasize the importance of optimizing the composition of such supplements.
Interpolation-based QR decomposition in MIMO-OFDM systems (2005)

The extension of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) sphere decoding from the narrowband case to wideband systems based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) requires the computation of a QR decomposition for each of the data-carrying OFDM tones. Since the number of data-carrying tones ranges from 48 (as in the IEEE 802.11a/g standards) to 6817 (as in the DVB-T standard), the corresponding computational complexity will in general be significant. This paper presents two algorithms for interpolation-based QR decomposition in MIMO-OFDM systems. An in-depth computational complexity analysis shows that the proposed algorithms, for a sufficiently high number of data-carrying tones and small channel order exhibit significantly smaller complexity than brute-force per-tone QR decomposition.
A Virtual Plant Ecosystem Featuring Parallel Computing and Distributed Visualization (2006)

A parallel plant ecosystem simulation, running on a computer cluster with commodity graphic cards, is performed to simulate and visualize large groups of plants. With a scalable architecture, the system can simulate very large and complex plant ecosystem in much shorter time than the traditional. The extreme complexity is first simplified by using multilevel models, and then dividing into multiple parts and simulating parallel. The entire simulation process is visualized in an immersive mode approximately in real time by rendering the results locally and concatenated to a large display wall
p16<sup>INK4A</sup> Immunohistochemical Overexpression in Premalignant and Malignant Oral Lesions Infected with Human Papillomavirus (2003)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is believed to promote the oncogenic process, and the correlation between viral oncoproteins and dysfunction of p16(INK4A) tumor suppressor protein in oral lesions is controversial. To test the hypothesis that anogenital HPV types participate in disruption of the regulation of p16(INK4A) suppressor protein in oral lesions, we analyzed 46 oral biopsy specimens for the presence of HPV 6/11 and 16/18 by in situ hybridization (ISH) and for p16(INK4A) expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Eighteen (39%) of the 46 oral lesions were HPV-positive and 28 (61%) were HPV-negative. HPV 6/11 DNA was found in 5 (11%) and HPV 16/18 in 13 (28%) of 46 biopsies. Nine of the 18 HPV-positive oral lesions (50%), assessed by catalyzed signal amplification coupled to ISH (CSA-ISH), gave high-intensity p16(INK4A) immunostaining. Focal and diffuse patterns were observed in 11/13 (77%) lesions with HPV 16/18, focal immunopositivity in 3/5 (80%) with HPV 6/11, and negative or sporadic p16-labeling in 18/28 (64%) without the presence of HPV DNA. These results showed a strong association between overexpression of p16 protein and malignant oral lesions, mainly those infected by HPV 16/18. We can conclude that high-risk HPV types are associated with p16 overexpression, and p16 may serve as a biomarker in oral cancer related to high-risk HPV infection.
The azimuthal effective-index method (1988)

An approximate technique to solve guidance problems in dielectric waveguides having almost arbitrary cross-section index distribution is presented. The technique consists of reducing the solution of the three-dimensional guide to the solution of two unidimensional slabs. By starting with the circular-cylinder coordinate system instead of the Cartesian one, the results are found to be more precise and far more informative than those derived from any other approximate analytical technique. The ideas presented here may be easily extended to solve more sophisticated structures such as couplers and cavities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MiR-146a activates WAVE2 expression and enhances phagocytosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. (2015)

MiR-146a has been shown to play a critical role in cell immunity and phagocytosis, processes that require rearrangement of the cytoskeleton. However, the detailed mechanism by which miR-146a regulates these events remains elusive. Here, we used luciferase reporter and protein assays to show that the cytoskeleton-regulatingprotein verprolin-homologous protein 2 (WAVE2), is a direct target of miR-146a. MiR-146a overexpression resulted in a decrease in WAVE2 protein expression under endotoxin-free culture conditions. Unexpectedly, however, miR-146a activated rather than repressed the expression of WAVE2 in macrophage RAW264.7 cells when cultured continuously in the presence of endotoxin. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-146a induced WAVE2 expression and enhanced phagocytosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Our study suggests that lipopolysaccharide- induced miR146a indirectly activates WAVE2 expression; thus, facilitating cytoskeletal reorganization and phagocytosis in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages.
Excitotoxicity in the embryonic chick spinal cord (1991)

Recent evidence implicates excitatory amino acids (EAAs), acting as excitotoxic agents, in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders involving the spinal cord. In this study, we used the chick embryo spinal cord as an in vitro model for studying the sensitivity of spinal neurons to the excitotoxic effects of EAA agonists. Compounds tested include the prototypic receptor-specific agonists, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualic acid (Quis), and kainic acid (KA), and the plant-derived excitotoxic food poisons, beta-N-oxalylamino-L-alanine, beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine, and domoic acid. Each agonist induced concentration-dependent acute degeneration of neurons distributed throughout the spinal cord. These cytopathological changes consisted of acute edematous degeneration of dendrosomal structures in the dorsal horn and intermediate zone, and dark cell changes with intracytoplasmic vacuolization of motor neurons; this damage is identical to that induced by excitotoxin agonists in other regions of the central nervous system. The NMDA receptor-specific antagonist MK-801 completely blocked toxicity of NMDA, and the nonNMDA antagonist CNQX preferentially blocked the toxicity of Quis- and KA-type agonists in the spinal cord. Our findings suggest that (1) the majority of spinal neurons have all three subtypes of EAA receptors, making them acutely vulnerable to excitotoxin exposure; and (2) EAA antagonists are effective in preventing excitotoxin-induced damage of the spinal cord.
Cationic amino acid transport into cultured animal cells. I. Influx into cultured human fibroblasts. (1982)

Cationic amino acid transport into human skin fibroblasts occurs by a saturable mediation which we designate System y+, which may prove identical with the earlier Ly. This plasma membrane agency is kinetically distinguishable from systems transporting neutral and acidic amino acids and serves to catalyze the flows of omega-guanidino amino acids and alpha, omega-diamino acids. Uptake of cationic substrates by System y+ is Na+-independent, pH-insensitive, stereoselective, and inhibitable by neutral amino acids in the presence of Na+. Uptake and exodus of System y+ substrates are strongly stimulated by cationic amino acids inside and outside the cell, respectively. Arginine and homoarginine accumulate in human fibroblasts reaching distribution ratios of more than 20 at external amino acid concentrations in the physiological range.
Elemental distribution in coal fly ash particles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElemental distribution in coal fly ash particlesLee D. Hansen and Gerald L. FisherCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1980, 14, 9, 1111–1117Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60169a015https://doi.org/10.1021/es60169a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views492Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wet-Chemical Synthesis of Doped Nanoparticles:  Optical Properties of Oxygen-Deficient and Antimony-Doped Colloidal SnO<sub>2</sub> (2000)

Blue-colored aqueous colloids of n-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles in the 4−9-nm size regime have been prepared hydrothermally either by inducing oxygen vacancies into the SnO2 lattice or by doping the nanoparticles with antimony. Autoclavation at temperatures above 250 °C is found to be necessary to achieve n-doping of the particles. Blue-colored oxygen-deficient nanoparticles are obtained in the absence of antimony by employing a reducing atmosphere inside the autoclave. If these colloids are exposed to air, their blue color vanishes within 1 day, indicating back reaction of the vacancies with oxygen. Antimony-doped tin dioxide nanoparticles have been prepared by using either SbIIICl3 or SbVCl5 as the source of antimony. In contrast to the oxygen-deficient tin dioxide, the blue color of antimony-doped nanoparticles is stable in air. The blue color of the colloids corresponds to a broad absorption peak in the red and IR regions, independent of the method of n-doping. As for bulk material, this IR absorption is interpreted as a plasma excitation of free carriers in the n-doped nanoparticles. High-resolution TEM images and X-ray powder diffraction patterns confirm the high crystallinity of the nanoparticles and the same rutile lattice structure as known from bulk SnO2.
A novel design technique for bandwidth enhancement in InGaP HBT broadband amplifier (2004)

A design technique, the cascode amplifier with series RLC peaking, for broadband amplifiers to achieve high gain-bandwidth product is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. Implemented with 27 /spl mu/m InGaP HBTs, the cascode amplifier with series RLC peaking enhances approximately 200% of the amplifier bandwidth compared with a normal cascode amplifier. The measurement results show that the cascode broadband amplifier with this technique has 7.5 dB small-signal gain over the operating frequency range from 30 kHz to 23 GHz. S/sub 11/ and S/sub 22/ ore lower than -10 dB, and S/sub 12/ is lower than -40 dB.
Design, ‘one-pot’ synthesis, characterization, antibacterial and antifungal activities of novel 6-aryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinan-3-thiones in dry media (2007)

A novel ‘one-pot’ synthesis of 6-aryl-1,2,4,5-tetrazinan-3-thiones is carried out by the three-component coupling of thiourea, various structurally diverse aromatic aldehydes and ammonium acetate in the presence of reusable NaHSO4·SiO2 heterogeneous catalyst in dry media under microwave irradiation. FT-IR, 1H NMR, D2O Exchange, HOMOCOR, 13C NMR, MS and elemental analysis characterize all the synthesized compounds. In vitro antibacterial/fungal activities are carried out for all the synthesized eight new compounds. All the compounds are more active against bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, β-Heamolytic streptococcus, Vibreo cholerae, Salmonella typhii, Shigella felxneri, Klebsiella pneumonia and Pseudomonas except compounds 1 and 6, while compound 6 shows promising activity against Salmonella typhii. Moreover, of all the compounds tested, compounds 3 and 8 are more effectual against all the tested fungal strains.
Phase II trial of fluorouracil and recombinant interferon alfa-2a in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group study. (1991)

In a pilot clinical trial, treatment of patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma with the combination of fluorouracil (5FU) and recombinant interferon alfa-2a (IFN) resulted in objective tumor regression in 62% of patients. To confirm these findings in a multiinstitutional setting, a phase II clinical trial was initiated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) in 1989. The treatment regimen was identical to that used in the earlier study: 5FU 750 mg/m2/d for 5 days as a continuous infusion followed by weekly outpatient bolus therapy and IFN 9MU subcutaneously beginning day 1 and administered three times per week. Doses were modified for gastrointestinal, hematologic, and neurologic toxicity and for fatigue, similarly to those used in the previous pilot trial. Thirty-eight patients were registered; 36 are evaluable for response (one lost to follow-up and one with nonmeasurable disease). All patients had metastatic or locally recurrent disease beyond the scope of resection; 31 of 38 had liver metastases, and 20 of 38 had two or more sites of involvement. Eight patients had grade 4 toxicities, including sepsis (nonneutropenic) (one), watery diarrhea (two), and granulocytopenia (six). Grade 3 neurologic toxicities were observed in two (5%) patients and included slurred speech and gait disturbance. Objective response was 42% (95% confidence interval [Cl], 27% to 58%), including one clinical complete responder and 14 partial responders. Among the responding patients, the median time to treatment failure was 8 months. Two patients remain on treatment at 10+ and 16+ months: median survival has not been reached. The results of this multiinstitutional trial suggest that the addition of IFN to 5FU enhances the objective response rates achieved in patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma and that the toxicities of this regimen are acceptable.
Lrig1 Is an Endogenous Inhibitor of Ret Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Activation, Downstream Signaling, and Biological Responses to GDNF (2008)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)/Ret signaling has potent trophic effects on ventral midbrain dopaminergic, motor, sensory, and sympathetic neurons. The molecular mechanisms that restrict Ret receptor tyrosine kinase activation are not well understood. Here, we show that Lrig1, a transmembrane protein containing leucine-rich repeats and Ig-like domains in its extracellular region, acts in a negative feedback loop to regulate the activity of Ret receptor tyrosine kinase. In particular, we demonstrate that Lrig1 is capable of physically interacting with Ret and that Lrig1/Ret association inhibits GDNF binding, recruitment of Ret to lipid rafts, receptor autophosphorylation, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation in response to GDNF. In neuronal cells, Lrig1 overexpression also inhibits GDNF/Ret-induced neurite outgrowth in a cell-autonomous manner. Downregulation of Lrig1 using small interference RNA knock-down experiments potentiates both neuronal differentiation and MAPK activation in response to GDNF. Together, these results provide an insight into Lrig1 function and establish a new physiological mechanism to restrict signaling and biological responses induced by GDNF and Ret in neuronal cells.
Learning Human-Object Interactions by Graph Parsing Neural Networks (2018)

This paper addresses the task of detecting and recognizing human-object interactions (HOI) in images and videos. We introduce the Graph Parsing Neural Network (GPNN), a framework that incorporates structural knowledge while being differentiable end-to-end. For a given scene, GPNN infers a parse graph that includes i) the HOI graph structure represented by an adjacency matrix, and ii) the node labels. Within a message passing inference framework, GPNN iteratively computes the adjacency matrices and node labels. We extensively evaluate our model on three HOI detection benchmarks on images and videos: HICO-DET, V-COCO, and CAD-120 datasets. Our approach significantly outperforms state-of-art methods, verifying that GPNN is scalable to large datasets and applies to spatial-temporal settings. The code is available at https://github.com/SiyuanQi/gpnn.
The applied physics of quasicrystals (1993)

Quasicrystals uncovered in aluminium alloys are still a matter of intense research regarding their structure which does not obey the rules of classical crystallography. Today, they also offer a new challenge in relation with their specific electronic properties and surprising mechanical behaviour. These properties are summarized in this review in the light of some structural data. The technological relevance of these results is briefly advocated.
2D Fast Vessel Visualization Using a Vessel Wall Mask Guiding Fine Vessel Detection (2010)

The paper addresses the fine retinal-vessel's detection issue that is faced in diagnostic applications and aims at assisting in better recognizing fine vessel anomalies in 2D. Our innovation relies in separating key visual features vessels exhibit in order to make the diagnosis of eventual retinopathologies easier to detect. This allows focusing on vessel segments which present fine changes detectable at different sampling scales. We advocate that these changes can be addressed as subsequent stages of the same vessel detection procedure. We first carry out an initial estimate of the basic vessel-wall's network, define the main wall-body, and then try to approach the ridges and branches of the vasculature's using fine detection. Fine vessel screening looks into local structural inconsistencies in vessels properties, into noise, or into not expected intensity variations observed inside pre-known vessel-body areas. The vessels are first modelled sufficiently but not precisely by their walls with a tubular model-structure that is the result of an initial segmentation. This provides a chart of likely Vessel Wall Pixels (VWPs) yielding a form of a likelihood vessel map mainly based on gradient filter's intensity and spatial arrangement parameters (e.g., linear consistency). Specific vessel parameters (centerline, width, location, fall-away rate, main orientation) are post-computed by convolving the image with a set of pre-tuned spatial filters called Matched Filters (MFs). These are easily computed as Gaussian-like 2D forms that use a limited range sub-optimal parameters adjusted to the dominant vessel characteristics obtained by Spatial Grey Level Difference statistics limiting the range of search into vessel widths of 16, 32, and 64 pixels. Sparse pixels are effectively eliminated by applying a limited range Hough Transform (HT) or region growing. Major benefits are limiting the range of parameters, reducing the search-space for post-convolution to only masked regions, representing almost 2% of the 2D volume, good speed versus accuracy/time trade-off. Results show the potentials of our approach in terms of time for detection ROC analysis and accuracy of vessel pixel (VP) detection.
High-throughput protein production and purification at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (2011)

The establishment of an efficient and reliable protein-purification pipeline is essential for the success of structural genomic projects. The SSGCID Protein Purification Group at the University of Washington (UW-PPG) has established a robust protein-purification pipeline designed to purify 400 proteins per year at a rate of eight purifications per week. The pipeline was implemented using two ÄKTAexplorer 100 s and four ÄKTAprimes to perform immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC) and size-exclusion chromatography. Purifications were completed in a period of 5 d and yielded an average of 53 mg highly purified protein. This paper provides a detailed description of the methods used to purify, characterize and store SSGCID proteins. Some of the purified proteins were treated with 3C protease, which was expressed and purified by UW-PPG using a similar protocol, to cleave non-native six-histidine tags. The cleavage was successful in 94% of 214 attempts. Cleaved proteins yielded 2.9% more structures than uncleaved six-histidine-tagged proteins. This 2.9% improvement may seem small, but over the course of the project the structure output from UW-PPG is thus predicted to increase from 260 structures to 318 structures. Therefore, the outlined protocol with 3C cleavage and subtractive IMAC has been shown to be a highly efficient method for the standardized purification of recombinant proteins for structure determination via X-ray crystallography.