gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Power Systems for Mobile Devices Supporting Inductive and Resonant Operating Modes (2015)

We demonstrate a family of wireless power devices that operate in a variety of operating modes. A multimode wireless power receiver unit (PRU) allows a mobile device to charge from any one of three wireless power standards: Qi, Power Matters Alliance, or Rezence. A coil arrangement and matching network is introduced that is resonant in both 6.78-MHz and 100-kHz bands, allowing the same power conversion circuitry to operate in either mode. The multi-mode PRU converts 5 W of ac power to a regulated 5-V output with an efficiency of up to 83% in Rezence mode and up to 86% in Qi mode. A wireless charging power transfer unit (PTU) using the Rezence specification charges three such PRUs at a power level of 5 W each with a power transfer efficiency of 66%. An in-band communications protocol provides enhanced capabilities to the Rezence system. Multiple layers of encoding ensure reliable delivery of messages under difficult channel conditions. Another PTU design allows the same receiver to charge through a table of 30-mm thickness while maintaining the in-band communications link. We show that a wide variety of multimode devices are possible, enabling widespread adoption of wireless power even in the absence of a single unified standard.
Laser linewidth requirements and improvements for coherent optical beam forming networks in satellites (1991)

A coherent optical beam forming network using phase-locked semiconductor lasers as sources is presented. For this scheme the spectral purity of the intermediate frequency derived from mixing the signals from two semiconductor lasers is considered. The relationship between the linewidths of the lasers in a satellite transmitter and the phase error at the detector of a microwave differential quaternary phase-shift keying earth station receiver is analyzed. The demands placed on the linewidths from the point of view of phase stability requirements are calculated using quaternary phase-shift keying modulation at data rates of 33 and 131 Mb/s. It is shown that a substantial improvement in performance can be achieved when phase locking the two lasers to each other is feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Helical Beam Antennas for Wide-Band Applications (1948)

The helical beam antenna has inherent broad-band properties. Over a wide frequency band the pattern shape, circularity of polarization, and terminal impedance are relatively stable. Measured performance data are presented for a medium-gain helical beam antenna of optimum dimensions with a bandwidth of about 1.7 to 1. A high-gain broadside array of four such helices is described. Other wide-band applications of helical beam antennas, including omnidirectional types, are also discussed.
Thermoplastic composite materials (1991)

1. Introduction (F.N. Cogswell). The keys to thermoplastic composites. Envoi. Bibliography. 2. Physical and mechanical properties of high-performance thermoplastic polymers and their composites (N.J. Johnston, T.W. Towell, P.M. Hergenrother). General features of thermoplastic matrices. Neat resins and properties. Composite properties and performance. Thermoset matrices versus thermoplastic matrices. Challenges. References. 3. Semicrystalline polymer matrix materials (J.M. Schultz). Introduction: typical matrix polymers. Microstructure. Microstructure and properties. Kinetics. Methods of controlling spherulite size. Aging. Modeling of crystallization during molding. References. 4. Short fiber reinforced thermoplastics (D.G. Brady, J.L. Kardas). Introduction. Short fibers for reinforcement. Mechanical property performance and limitations in short-fiber systems. Processing short-fiber composites. Applications for short-fiber composites. Appendices. References. 5. Long fiber molding materials (J.M. Crosby). Introduction. Production methods of LFRTP molding materials. Fiber microstructures in LFRTPs. Mechanical properties. Fabrication/processing. References. 6. Continuous-fiber thermoplastic composites (A.Y. Lou, T.P. Murtha, J.E. O'Connor, D.G. Brady). Introduction. Thermoplastic matrix resins. Reinforcing fibers. Product forms. Mechanical properties. Processing. Applications. References. 7. Creep behaviour of thermoplastic composites (A.A. Ogale). Definitions. Physical aging of thermoplastics. Viscoelastic response of thermoplastics. Viscoelastic response of thermoplastic composites. References. 8. Fracture of thermoplastic composites (K. Friedrich, L.A. Carlsson, J.W. Gillespie, J. Karger-Kocsis). Fracture behaviour of unfilled thermoplastic. Fracture of injection-molded short fiber reinforced PEEK. Interlaminar fracture of PEEK composites. 9. The role of matrix properties on the toughness of thermoplastic composites (W.L. Bradley). Micromechanisms of interlaminar fracture. Strain-field mapping around crack tips during interlaminar fracture. Mode-I and mode-II critical energy release rates for various composite material systems. Models for predicting delamination fracture toughness. Summary. References. 10. Fatigue of thermoplastic composites (D.R. Moore). The relevance of fatigue and the design of fatigue studies. Factors affecting fatigue of thermoplastics. Fatigue of discontinuous thermoplastic composites. Fatigue of continuous-fibre thermoplastic composites.
Political Representation and South Korean Women (1999)

In his 1955 book, The Political Role of Women , Maurice Duverger brought our attention to the lack of representation of women in politics. Since that time, the dismal underrepresentation of women in politics has not much improved. Few women rise to leadership positions in politics; as Jean Blondel found in a more recent cross-cultural comparison of political leaders, less than 0.005 percent of all leaders were women (1987, 116–17). Regarding women's political participation, political scientists used to assert that women tended to “limit attention to the superficial and irrelevant aspects of politics” (Lane 1959, 213). Many argued that women had a different political view than did men: they were apolitical, they personalized politics, and they adopted their husbands' political orientations. Accordingly, they became political leaders only by default, as substitutes for deceased husbands or fathers.
Periodic negative conductance by sequential resonant tunneling through an expanding high-field superlattice domain (1987)

Strikingly periodic negative-differential-resistance oscillations are observed in doped GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As superlattices. These are produced by well-to-well sequential resonant tunneling through weakly coupled localized states.
Distinctive Actions of Membrane-Targeted Versus Nuclear Localized Estrogen Receptors in Breast Cancer Cells (2005)

Estrogens regulate multiple activities in breast cancer cells, including proliferation. Whereas these hormones are most commonly known to regulate gene transcription through direct interaction with estrogen receptors (ERs) and with specific DNA sequences of target genes, recent studies show that ER also activates a number of rapid signaling events that are initiated at the cell membrane. To study the membrane-initiated effects of estrogen and separate them from the activities initiated by the nuclear localized ER in human breast cancer cells, we generated MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines that have stably integrated either the wild-type nuclear form of ER (WT-ER) or a modified, membrane-targeted ER (MT-ER) that lacks a nuclear localization sequence and is dually acylated with a myristoylation sequence at the N terminus and a palmitoylation sequence at the C terminus. We demonstrate that MT-ER is membrane localized in the absence of estradiol (E2), showing punctate membrane and cytoplasmic speckles after E2 exposure. In contrast to WT-ER, MT-ER was not down-regulated by E2 or by antiestrogen ICI 182,780 exposure, and MT-ER failed to regulate endogenous E2-responsive genes highly up-regulated by WT-ER. Cells expressing MT-ER showed a greater serum response element-mediated transcriptional response that was partially inhibited by antiestrogen ICI 182,780. The MT-ER and WT-ER differentially altered ERK1/2 and Akt activities and the proliferation of breast cancer cells in response to E2. Hence, this study reveals distinct actions of the MT-ER vs. the WT-ER in effecting estrogen actions in breast cancer cells.
Inhibition of Tumor Cell Growth by Murine Splenic Adherent Cells Stimulated with IFN-γ (1998)

We have previously reported that the growth of lymphocytes and tumor cells with lymphocyte lineage was strongly inhibited by a part of cloned macrophage hybridomas. This growth inhibition was accomplished by cell-to-cell contact and found to be attributed to lipid-like molecule(s) in a macrophage hybridoma cell membrane fraction. Instead of macrophage hybridomas, in the present study we utilized splenic adherent cells (SACs) that had been stimulated with IFN-γ to see whether they inhibited tumor cell growth or not. The results demonstrated that IFN-γ-stimulated but not unstimulated SACs showed a significant growth inhibition of BW-5147 tumor cells. This growth inhibition was not mainly mediated by prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> secreted from macrophages, since the inhibition was not reduced in the presence of indomethacin. Furthermore, as was reported previously in the case of macrophage hybridomas, the inhibitory activity resides in a lipid fraction of IFN-γ-stimulated SAC membrane.
Expression of the Autoimmune Susceptibility Gene FcRL3 on Human Regulatory T Cells Is Associated with Dysfunction and High Levels of Programmed Cell Death-1 (2010)

CD4(+)FoxP3(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) play a critical role in maintaining self-tolerance and inhibiting autoimmune disease. Despite being a major focus of modern immunological investigation, many aspects of T(reg) biology remain unknown. In a screen for novel candidate genes involved in human T(reg) function, we detected the expression of an autoimmune susceptibility gene, FcRL3, in T(reg) but not in conventional CD4(+) T cells. FcRL3 is an orphan receptor of unknown function with structural homology to classical Fc receptors. Numerous genetic studies have demonstrated a link between a single nucleotide polymorphism in the FCRL3 promoter and both overexpression of FcRL3 and autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Given the critical role of T(reg) in suppressing autoimmunity, we sought to ascertain how expression of FcRL3 relates to the phenotype, differentiation, and function of T(reg). We show in this study that FcRL3 is expressed on a population of thymically derived T(reg) that exhibits a memory phenotype and high levels of programmed cell death-1. Purified FcRL3(+) T(reg) are less responsive to antigenic stimulation in the presence of IL-2 than their FcRL3(-) counterparts, despite intact proximal and distal IL-2 signaling as determined by phosphorylation of Stat-5 and upregulation of Bcl2. In vitro suppression assays demonstrated that FcRL3(+) T(reg) have reduced capacity to suppress the proliferation of effector T cells. These data suggest that FcRL3 expression is associated with T(reg) dysfunction that may, in turn, contribute to the loss of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmunity.
Silicon micro-ring resonators with tunable Q-factor for ultra-low power parametric signal generation (2013)

Summary form only given. Micro-ring resonators in silicon photonic circuits have been widely studied and implemented in systems for biosensing [1], telecommunications [2] and generation of photon pairs for quantum optics experiments [3]. The resonator Q-factor, defined by the roundtrip loss and coupling coefficient, is typically a static property of the device realised in the design stage. In this work a method by which to exert active control over both the resonator Q-factor and resonant wavelengths is presented, allowing modulation of resonance enhanced processes such as Four Wave Mixing (FWM) in devices with much smaller footprint than Mach-Zehnder based designs. Low loss waveguide technology and optimised fabrication processes have allowed resonators with loaded Q-factors in the 105 range with ring diameters of only a few tens of microns [4,5]. However, the critical coupling condition in high Q resonators exhibits a high sensitivity to group index, losses and coupling coefficient variations. The tight optical confinement to the silicon waveguide core also leads to a strong dependence of these parameters on the fabricated waveguide geometry. Fabrication variations of only a few percent in waveguide dimensions can detune the resonator from its designed condition. A relatively simple method by which microring resonant wavelengths and Q-factors can be tuned is presented in this work. Two resistive heater elements are applied over the uppercladding of the silicon resonator. One heater is situated colinearly to the ring and can exert control, through the thermo-optic effect, on the optical path length of the resonator and hence its resonant wavelengths. The second heater was designed as an asymmetrically placed strip, co-propagating with the evanescent coupler section. The thermal gradient induced across the two waveguides of the evanescent field coupler produces a detuning of their effective refractive index difference, tuning the power coupled into the ring, and therefore its Q-factor. An optical micrograph of the device is shown in Fig1.(a). Using these two controls, resonators were realised that showed tuning of their coupling coefficient between 0.7 and 0.1, leading to a Q-factor tuning between 2x103 and 2x104 as shown in Fig.1(b). By tuning an optimised coupled ring to its critical coupling point, a resonant Q-factor of 7.3x104 was achieved. FWM experiments, Fig.1(c), were carried out and a conversion efficiency of -20dB was measured with an input power on-chip of only 0.2mW.
Fullerenes and carbon nanostructures formation in flames (1998)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 1999.
Alkali Oxide Addition Effects on Borohydride Formation during the Reaction of Al, Si, and Ti with Borate and Hydrogen (2008)

New attempts were made to produce alkali metal borohydrides by reacting sodium borates with hydrogen and Al, Si, or Ti. In addition, alkali oxide additions to the aforementioned mixtures were investigated to determine their effects on BH4− formation. It was found that BH4− was not formed by the reaction of NaBO2 with hydrogen and Al, Si, or Ti but can be formed after adding alkali oxides. In general, it was reconfirmed that alkali oxide addition played a very important role in BH4− formation. For example, when K2O was added to sodium borate, KBH4 and not NaBH4 was formed.
Mitigating the Effects of Internet Timing Faults Across Embedded Network Gateways (2018)

Traditional embedded systems such as automobiles and industrial controls are increasingly being connected to enterprise computing facilities and the Internet. The usual approach to making such a connection is to install a <em>gateway</em> node which translates from Internet protocols to embedded field bus network protocols. Such connections raise obvious security concerns, because the gateway must guard against attacks on the embedded devices it serves. For our purposes, we’ll assume that typical enterprise and Internet vulnerabilities, such as buffer overflows, have already been taken care of. (Securing devices against traditional attacks is no small matter, but we are interested in uniquely embedded issues.) Beyond normal gateway functions, an Internet to embedded gateway must also prevent timing faults and timing attacks from crossing over the gateway to affect the operation of attached embedded systems. An example of timing fault propagation would be severe clumping of messages on the Internet side so that many messages arrive at the gateway all at once, disrupting embedded system operation. While a queue can reduce the loss of incoming data and mitigate network overload, it cannot necessarily protect against timing-related faults on the embedded side of the gateway. We report simulation results for several mechanisms to mitigate the effects of Internet message timing variations (whether due to faults or malicious attacks) on the performance of networked embedded systems using real-time data. Problems are caused primarily by excessive data delivery delay rather than messages being dropped from arriving clumps. This means that putting a queue in the gateway to manage arriving data clumps is typically worse than using no mitigation mechanism at all. Using a predictive filter seems intuitively better than using a queue, but finding a good generalized predictive filter is also quite difficult. We believe that managing data streams from the Internet to embedded systems will require careful attention to the nature and time constants of data flowing through the gateway. Moreover, it seems likely that each distinct data stream will need a different set of data management mechanisms and policies at the gateway. In this case, one size <em>does not</em> fit all, making the design of a robust gateway a difficult problem that will require careful modeling of data value behavior for every gateway built.
Properties of polyether-polyurethane block copolymers: effects of hard segment length distribution (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of polyether-polyurethane block copolymers: effects of hard segment length distributionJohn A. Miller, Shaow B. Lin, Kirk K. S. Hwang, K. S. Wu, P. E. Gibson, and Stuart L. CooperCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 1, 32–44Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00143a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00143a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2433Altmetric-Citations342LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GDNF Protection against 6-OHDA: Time Dependence and Requirement for Protein Synthesis (1997)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) injected intranigrally protects midbrain dopamine neurons against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) toxicity. The timing between GDNF administration and exposure to 6-OHDA is critical in achieving optimal protection. When injected 6 hr before an intranigral injection of 6-OHDA, GDNF provides complete protection as measured by the number of surviving neurons in the substantia nigra of adult rats. The surviving neuronal population decreases by approximately 50% with 12 and 24 hr separating GDNF and 6-OHDA administrations. In controls with 6-OHDA lesions, there is <10% survival of nigral dopamine neurons. No significant increase in survival is seen with either concurrent injections of GDNF and 6-OHDA or 1 hr GDNF pretreatment. Based on HPLC measurements, striatal and midbrain dopamine levels are at least twofold higher on the lesioned side in animals receiving GDNF 6 hr before a 6-OHDA lesion compared with vehicle recipients. Protein synthesis is necessary for GDNF-induced neuroprotective effects because cycloheximide pretreatment that inhibits protein synthesis also blocks neuroprotection.
An all-optical thin-film high-frequency ultrasound transducer (2011)

In this work we have created an all-optical ultrasound transducer by integrating an optically-absorbing polyimide thin-film into an etalon sensor. The optically-generated acoustic pulse had an amplitude of 4.3 MPa and a -3 dB bandwidth of 29 MHz centered at 27 MHz. The etalon sensor achieved a Noise-equivalent Pressure of 1.3 Pa / √Hz. When used in pulse-echo mode, the -6 dB upper cutoff frequency of the device's transmit/receive response reached 47 MHz. A 1-D synthetic aperture was created, and imaging results indicate an upper limit of 100 μm and 40 μm on the lateral and axial resolution, respectively. After the incorporation of fiber optics and 2-D beam scanning, potential applications will include endoscopic and intravascular ultrasound.
Recent Advances and New Trends in Flip Chip Technology (2016)

Recent advances in flip chip technology such as wafer bumping, package substrate, flip chip assembly, and underfill will be presented in this study. Emphasis is placed on the latest developments of these areas in the past few years. Their future trends will also be recommended.
On the extended Bellman-Ford algorithm to solve two-constrained quality of service routing problems (2003)

Two-constrained quality of service (QoS) routing finds a route in the network that satisfies two independent quality of service constraints. This problem is NP-hard and a number of heuristic algorithms have been proposed to solve the problem. This paper considers two heuristics, namely the limited granularity heuristic and the limited path heuristic, that can be applied to the extended Bellman-Ford algorithm to efficiently solve two-constrained QoS routing problems. Analytical and simulation studies are conducted to compare the effectiveness of the heuristics in finding the paths that satisfy the QoS constraints and the time/space requirements of the heuristics. The major results of this paper include the following. First, the paper proves an optimal limited granularity heuristic scheme. The scheme is optimal in the sense that it provides an optimal worst-case guarantee in finding the paths that satisfy the QoS constraints among all limited granularity heuristic schemes. Second, the paper shows that, in polynomial time, the limited path heuristic has very high probability of finding a path in a randomly generated graph that satisfies the QoS constraints if such a path exists.
Robust Meeting Event Recognition with a Multi-Modal Mixed-State Graphical Model (2005)

Meetings are social events, were people exchange information. Often a summarization of the meeting is necessary, for example for people not attending the meeting or to fix decisions. A first step for the automatic analysis of the meetings is a segmentation into meeting group action events like discussion
Research on Stochastic Resonance Signal’s Recovery (2013)

Using stochastic resonance to detect weak periodic signals has been widely used in various fields of science, which attracts much attention of researchers due to its advantages of revealing recessive periodic laws. This paper utilized this method to seek the underlying rule of setting weather index, so we can find that how to obtain the accurate expression of original periodic law by further investigation. This paper deals with the noise-contained signal restoring on the basis of the established system coupling the inversion system and bistable system. The simulation shows that this signal recovery method inversion effect is better and the application range is wider.