gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-muscle alpha-dystroglycan is involved in epithelial development. (1995)

The dystroglycan complex is a transmembrane linkage between the cytoskeleton and the basement membrane in muscle. One of the components of the complex, alpha-dystroglycan binds both laminin of muscle (laminin-2) and agrin of muscle basement membranes. Dystroglycan has been detected in nonmuscle tissues as well, but the physiological role in nonmuscle tissues has remained unknown. Here we show that dystroglycan during mouse development in nonmuscle tissues is expressed in epithelium. In situ hybridization revealed strong expression of dystroglycan mRNA in all studied epithelial sheets, but not in endothelium or mesenchyme. Conversion of mesenchyme to epithelium occurs during kidney development, and the embryonic kidney was used to study the role of alpha-dystroglycan for epithelial differentiation. During in vitro culture of the metanephric mesenchyme, the first morphological signs of epithelial differentiation can be seen on day two. Northern blots revealed a clear increase in dystroglycan mRNA on day two of in vitro development. A similar increase of expression on day two was previously shown for laminin alpha 1 chain. Immunofluorescence showed that dystroglycan is strictly located on the basal side of developing kidney epithelial cells. Monoclonal antibodies known to block binding of alpha-dystroglycan to laminin-1 perturbed development of epithelium in kidney organ culture, whereas control antibodies did not do so. We suggest that the dystroglycan complex acts as a receptor for basement membrane components during epithelial morphogenesis. It is likely that this involves binding of alpha-dystroglycan to E3 fragment of laminin-1.
Prognostic Relevance of Promoter Hypermethylation of Multiple Genes in Breast Cancer Patients (2009)

Background : Methylation-mediated suppression of detoxification, DNA repair and tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in cancer development. This study was designed to investigate the impact of concurrent methylation of multiple genes in breast tumors on disease prognosis. Methods : Methylation specific PCR was carried out to analyze the methylation status of seven genes in archived breast tissues and determine the effect of aberrant methylation of multiple genes on disease prognosis and patients’ survival. Results : Promoter hypermethylation was observed in PRB 67%, ER α 64%, RASSF1A 63%, p16INK4A 51%, PRBβ 2 22%, GSTP1 25% and BRCA1 27% of the breast cancers, respectively. Concurrent methylation of BRCA1, ER α , GSTP1 and RAR β 2, was observed in a large proportion of breast cancers analyzed, suggesting that these genes do not appear to be methylated alone. Patients with high methylation indices had poor prognosis ( p < 0.001, Hazards ratio = 14.58). Cox regression analysis showed RAR β 2 promoter methylation to be an independent important determinant of breast cancer prognosis. Conclusions : Our results suggest that methylation of multiple genes plays an important role in prognosis of breast cancer. Our study not only describes the association of methylation mediated silencing of multiple genes with the severity of disease, but also drives to speculate the molecular crosstalk between genes or genetic pathways regulated by them individually.
Anti-Enolase-α Autoantibodies in Cancer-Associated Retinopathy: Epitope Mapping and Cytotoxicity on Retinal Cells (1998)

Patients with cancer-associated retinopathy syndrome (CAR), a progressive blinding disease related to retinal degeneration and systemic tumor outside the eye, develop autoantibodies against alpha-enolase. A small percentage of healthy subjects without evident tumor or visual symptoms also possess autoantibody against enolase. In these studies we examined the fine specificity of anti-enolase antibodies derived from patients with CAR and healthy individuals, using synthetic peptides covering the entire sequence of human alpha-enolase. Epitope mapping revealed that three binding regions of enolase within the residues 31-38 (FRAAVPSG), 176-183 (ANFREAMR), and 421-428 (AKFAGRNF) were common for all autoantibodies tested. However, pathogenic sera recognized an additional unique region, the sequence 56-63 (RYMGKGVS). There were also differences in in vitro cytotoxic activities on E1A.NR3 retinal cells and cell-death promoting activities between anti-enolase antibodies of healthy and CAR affected individuals. These studies showed that anti-enolase antibodies from patients with CAR were able to induce apoptotic cell death in E1A.NR3 retinal cells and provided a potential mechanism for retinal degeneration in humans.
Isolation and structure of red pigments from Aspergillus flavus and related species, grown on a differential medium (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure of red pigments from Aspergillus flavus and related species, grown on a differential mediumGemma Assante, Lorenzo Camarda, Romano Locci, Lucio Merlini, Gianluca Nasini, and Elisabetta PapadopoulosCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1981, 29, 4, 785–787Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00106a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00106a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Materials And Devices In Electrochromic Window Development (1985)

Windows with switchable electrochromic glazings are potentially useful for regulating solar input to building interiors. In this article, we describe the structure and operation of a proposed solid-state electrochromic glazing based on crystalline LixWO 3 (c-LiXWO 3 ) and a low coloration efficiency counter electrode material such as amorphous Nb 2 O 5 (a-Nb 2 O 5 ). The importance of reversibility in electrochromic glazing operation is emphasized, and optical switching experiments that demonstrate reversible lithium insertion/extraction in c-Li x W0 3 , a-Li x WO 3 , and a-Li x Nb 2 O 5 are described. Additional optical switching experiments in tandem electrochromic cells comprised of c-Li x WO 3 /a-Nb 2 O 5 and a-Li x WO 3 /a-Nb 2 O 5 demonstrated the proposed design, indicating reversible optical switching over 500 and 200 complete cycles, respectively, without degradation. Optical data on the evolution of reflective and absorp-tive modulation in c-Li x WO 3 are presented and solar attenuation results are used to demon-strate the advantage of using crystalline electrochromics to conserve daylighting during electrochromic window operation.
Decentralized wind energy systems providing small electrical loads in remote areas (2001)

Using a global systemic approach, the wind energy system operation behaviour is first simulated using five different types of power curve for the wind turbine. Adding physical (charge current limitation) and cost considerations, we have determined the optimized energy system for various levels of satisfaction (LLP), i.e. both able to satisfy the load with a certain percentage of the load not satisfied and to offer the lowest kWh cost. We studied the influences of the power profile of the wind turbine that affect productivity and the relative repartition between input power and output power and wasted energy. This wasted energy decreases rapidly with the value of the LLP. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Burden of Chronic Disease (2003)

The shift from acute infectious and deficiency diseases to chronic noncommunicable diseases is not a simple transition but a complex and dynamic epidemiological process, with some diseases disappearing and others appearing or reemerging. The unabated pandemic of childhood and adulthood obesity and concomitant comorbidities are affecting both rich and poor nations, while infectious diseases remain an important public health problem, particularly in developing countries. More attention should be given to the high burden of disease associated with soil-transmitted helminths and schistosomiasis, which until recently was not considered a priority even though regular drug treatment is obtainable at relatively little cost. In developing countries, the pressing requirement is to provide an accessible and good quality health-care system, whereas industrialized countries have a major need for greater public health education and the promotion of healthy life-styles.
Edge Mining the Internet of Things (2013)

This paper examines the benefits of edge mining -data mining that takes place on the wireless, battery-powered, and smart sensing devices that sit at the edge points of the Internet of Things. Through local data reduction and transformation, edge mining can quantifiably reduce the number of packets that must be sent, reducing energy usage, and remote storage requirements. In addition, edge mining has the potential to reduce the risk in personal privacy through embedding of information requirements at the sensing point, limiting inappropriate use. The benefits of edge mining are examined with respect to three specific algorithms: linear Spanish inquisition protocol (L-SIP), ClassAct, and bare necessities (BN), which are all instantiations of general SIP. In general, the benefits provided by edge mining are related to the predictability of data streams and availability of precise information requirements; results show that L-SIP typically reduces packet transmission by around 95% (20-fold), BN reduces packet transmission by 99.98% (5000-fold), and ClassAct reduces packet transmission by 99.6% (250-fold). Although energy reduction is not as radical because of other overheads, minimization of these overheads can lead up to a 10-fold battery life extension for L-SIP, for example. These results demonstrate the importance of edge mining to the feasibility of many IoT applications.
Novel slow-releasing micronutrient fertilizers. 1. Zinc compounds (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel slow-releasing micronutrient fertilizers. 1. Zinc compoundsSanjay K. Ray, Chandrika Varadachari, and Kunal GhoshCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1993, 32, 6, 1218–1227Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00018a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High Temperature Solid Electrolyte Fuel Cells Using Perovskite‐Type Oxide Based on BaCeO3 (1990)

Using perovskite‐type oxide based on as a solid electrolyte, small‐size high‐temperature fuel cells were constructed and cell performances were examined. The Nd‐doped ceramic electrolyte exhibited a mixed conduction of proton and oxide ion. Mixtures of water vapor and some gases such as methanol vapor or methane were used as a fuel by internal reforming to liberate hydrogen in the anode compartment. These fuel cells worked stably above 900°C. At 1000°C, the overvoltage at both electrodes was very small and the performances of the cells were limited mainly by ohmic resistance of the solid electrolyte. Besides platinum, porous nickel was a promising anode material for this electrolyte.
Colour blindness in everyday life and car driving (2004)

Colour-blind Calabrian subjects admitted to experiencing colour-related difficulties with a wide range of occupational tasks and leisure pursuits. In particular, colour-blind Calabrian subjects preferred daytime driving, and fewer drove regularly, compared to orthochromatics, who were indifferent to night or daytime driving.
Objectively monitored patching regimens for treatment of amblyopia: randomised trial (2007)

Clinical Trials NCT00274664.
Bactericidal properties of murine intestinal phospholipase A2. (1995)

We purified a molecule from the murine small intestine that killed both Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and identified it as intestinal phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) by NH2-terminal sequencing and enzymatic measurements. The ability of iPLA2 to kill. L. monocytogenes was greatly enhanced by 5 mM calcium, inhibited by EGTA and abolished after reduction and alkylation, suggesting that enzymatic activity was required for iPLA2-mediated bactericidal activity. A mouse-avirulent phoP mutant, S. typhimurium 7953S, was 3.5-fold more susceptible to iPLA2 than its isogenic virulent parent, S. typhimurium 14028S (estimated minimal bactericidal concentrations 12.7 +/- 0.5 micrograms/ml vs. 43.9 +/- 4.5 micrograms/ml P < 0.001). Overall, these findings identify iPLA2 as part of the antimicrobial arsenal that equips Paneth cells to protect the small intestinal crypts from microbial invasion. Because iPLA2 is identical to Type 2 phospholipase A2 molecules found in other sites, including spleen, platelets and inflammatory exudate cells, this enzyme may also contribute to antibacterial defenses elsewhere in the body.
Sequential Combination of Acid and Base for Conversion of Cellulose (2012)

Depolymerization of cellulose is a significant part of the challenge in converting lignocellulosic biomass to valuable products such as monomeric sugars. Aiming to develop a new approach for efficient depolymerization of cellulose, we explored a sequential combination of organic acid (oxalic acid, OA) and base (tetramethylammonium hydroxide, TMAH). In hydrolysis reactions of cellulose at 150 °C, we demonstrated the enhancing effect of a sequential combination on its conversion. In two-step experiments, the highest conversion (73.0%) was achieved when the reaction with acid was followed by that with base (OA-TMAH sequence), which is greater than the prolonged treatment with either acid or base alone. In the residue after the reaction with OA, a more disordered, amorphous-like structure was present compared to raw cellulose and the sample after that with TMAH alone, as evidenced by 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CPMAS NMR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements. Such structural change in the first OA treatment step can be the main cause of high conversion of cellulose in OA-TMAH treatment sequence. Analysis of liquid products clearly indicated that OA and TMAH both promote depolymerization of cellulose by cleaving the glycosidic bonds but generated distinctly different products: glucose and ketogluconic acid, respectively. Reactions of cellulose with conventional mineral acid (H2SO4) and base (NaOH) were also examined, and the relative orders of conversions and the liquid products were similar to those from reactions with organic acid and base. The selectivities to glucose and ketogluconic acid in organic acid and base treatments, respectively, were better than those with their inorganic counterparts.
High-frequency oscillations and self-mode locking in short external-cavity laser diodes (1994)

An effect of compound-cavity mode competition for a laser diode with a short external cavity is investigated analytically and numerically on the basis of a round-trip approximation for emitted photons in the external cavity. Due to the noncoincidence of the compound-cavity modes with possible frequencies of stationary lasing, such competition may cause self-locking of two compound-cavity modes with deep high-frequency oscillations of the laser output for a short (typically /spl les/5 mm) external cavity. Simple analytical expressions for critical feedback parameters and the frequencies of self-oscillations are given, as well as a generalized diagram of different dynamic regimes of a short external-cavity laser, which shows these regimes of high-frequency self-oscillations as well as coherence collapse instability. The results may be considered a guideline for the design of high-speed laser diodes with an integrated passive cavity. In particular, such a device may be a very efficient pulse source in the microwave (>20 GHz) region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Novel manufacturing process of waveguide using selective photobleaching of polysilane films by UV light irradiation (2003)

We have tried to develop the technology for selective bleaching of core patterns of waveguides on polysilane films by UV light irradiation without wet development and RIE process. Furthermore, we have examined heat treatment of films in order to make transmission loss low instead of introducing fluorine groups in the polymer structure which conventional polymeric material are applied. As a waveguide device, evaluation of low loss straight-line waveguides and multilayered laminating type waveguides at 850nm for MM, and splitter of 8 branches (1×8) at 1550nm for SM was carried out. This new technology is expected to establish the low-cost manufacturing process of optical waveguides which are important components of passive optical devices for PON (passive optical network) system and optical interconnects.
The Informative-Capacity Phenomenon of Drying Drops. Aptitude Test in Medical Diagnostics (2003)

We propose a method for studying multi-component liquids based on recording of the dynamics of the Acoustic-Mechanical Impedance (AMI) of a drop that dries up on the surface of a quartz resonator oscillating with ultrasound frequency. The magnitude of the AMI is an integral characteristic of the physical properties of the drop including its viscosity, composition, surface tension, wettability, and inner structure. Using liquids of different types as the example, it is shown that each liquid possesses its individual ``portrait,″ determined by the character of the phase transitions. In the authors’ opinion, this method can be used for the screening identification of liquids (determining the degree of consistency with the standards) in solving a number of scientific and practical problems, as well as in biology, chemistry, food and drug examination and medicine. In this paper unique scopes of this method in medical diagnostics are demonstrated.
Zeolite/Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Pervaporation Membranes for Enhanced Reaction Yield (2004)

Multilayer membranes were prepared by alternating adsorption of a cationic polyelectrolyte, chitosan, and an anionic polyelectrolyte, poly(4-styrene sulfonate), onto zeolite A films formed on porous supports in sheet and tube form. The multilayer membranes are shown to exhibit the high selectivity for water over alcohols associated with zeolite A but to be considerably more stable under acidic conditions than a pure zeolite A membrane. The membranes were successfully applied to the selective removal of water by pervaporation in the esterification of lactic acid with ethanol, catalyzed by p-toluenesulfonic acid. For esterification at 70 °C, yields of about 60% without the membrane were increased to >80% with pervaporation, and for esterification at 100 °C, yields of about 70% without the membrane were increased to >90% with pervaporation.
Purification and characterization of the urease enzymes of Helicobacter species from humans and animals (1992)

The urease enzymes of Helicobacter pylori, H. mustelae, H. felis, and H. nemestrinae have been purified to homogeneity by affinity chromatography and characterized. The native urease enzymes of the four organisms were found to be almost identical, with a pI of 6.1 and molecular masses of 480 to 500 kDa, as determined by electrophoretic mobility in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels. Transmission electron microscopy of the native urease showed it to be a molecule approximately 13 nm in diameter, with hexagonal symmetry. Denaturation studies indicated that each urease enzyme molecule was composed of two nonidentical subunits with molecular masses of approximately 64 and 30 kDa. The subunits were present in a 1:1 ratio, suggesting a hexameric stoichiometry for the native molecule. The predicted molecular mass of H. pylori urease, based on subunit molecular weight and stoichiometry, is 568 kDa. N-terminal amino acid sequencing of the enzyme subunits from the four species revealed high levels of homology. The large subunits (UreB) were found to be 92 to 100% homologous, and the small subunits (UreA) were 75 to 95% homologous over the first 12 to 20 residues. The high degree of homology suggests a common ancestral origin and an important role for the urease enzymes of these organisms.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Critically Ill Patients (1998)

The daily risk for pneumonia decreases with increasing duration of stay in the intensive care unit. Witnessed aspiration and exposure to paralytic agents are potentially modifiable independent risk factors. Exposure to antibiotics was associated with low rates of early ventilator-associated pneumonia, but this effect attenuates over time.
Photonics-Based Broadband Microwave Measurement (2016)

Microwave measurement refers to the acquisition of parameters of a microwave signal or the identification of properties of an object via microwave-based approaches. Thanks to the broad bandwidth and high speed provided by modern photonics, microwave measurement in the optical domain can provide better performance in terms of bandwidth and speed which may not be achievable using traditional, even state-of-the-art electronics. In this tutorial, techniques for photonics-based broadband and high-speed microwave measurement are discussed with an emphasis on the system architectures for microwave signal parameter measurement and object property identification. Emerging technologies in this area and possible future research directions are also discussed.
Energy Anomalies Observed in Ion Beams Produced by rf Sources (1962)

The beam characteristics of several Thonemann rf sources have been studied as a function of source parameters such as oscillator power, magnetic field, gas pressure, and extraction potential. Beam energy spreads 10 to 100 times thermal, and mean beam energies 100 to 400 eV above the extraction potential are consistently observed. The maximum beam intensity appears to be independent of mass from M=4 to M=40. A qualitative explanation of the energy effects is discussed.