gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploitation and Exploration Balanced Hierarchical Summary for Landmark Images (2015)

While we have made significant progress over image understanding and search, how to meet the ultimate goal of satisfying both exploration and exploitation in one single system is still an open challenge. In the context of landmark images, it means that a system should not only be able to help users to quickly locate the photo they are interested in (exploitation), but also to discover different parts of the landmark which have never been seen before (exploration), which is a common request as evidenced by many recent multimedia studies. To the best of our knowledge, existing systems mainly focus on either exploration (e.g., photo browsing) or exploitation (e.g., representative photo identification), while users' need of exploration and exploitation is dynamically mixed. In this paper, we tackle the challenge by organizing landmark images into a hierarchical summary which gives user the flexibility of conducting both exploration and exploitation. In the hierarchical summary construction, we introduce two principles: the coherence principle and the diversity principle. Behind these two principles, the intrinsic concept is “detail-level,” which measures how much detail that an image reflects for a certain landmark. A new objective function is derived from the definition of both exploration and exploitation experience on detail-level. The problem of finding an optimal hierarchical summary is formulated as searching over a space of trees for the one that achieves the best objective score. Extensive quantitative experimental results and comprehensive user studies show that the optimized hierarchical summary is able to satisfy both experiences simultaneously.
Trophic action of sphingosine 1-phosphate in denervated rat soleus muscle (2007)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) mediates a number of cellular responses, including growth and proliferation. Skeletal muscle possesses the full enzymatic machinery to generate S1P and expresses the transcripts of S1P receptors. The aim of this work was to localize S1P receptors in rat skeletal muscle and to investigate whether S1P exerts a trophic action on muscle fibers. RT-PCR and Western blot analyses demonstrated the expression of S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors by soleus muscle. Immunofluorescence revealed that S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors are localized at the cell membrane of muscle fibers and in the T-tubule membranes. The receptors also decorate the nuclear membrane. S1P(1) receptors were also present at the neuromuscular junction. The possible trophic action of S1P was investigated by utilizing the denervation atrophy model. Rat soleus muscle was analyzed 7 and 14 days after motor nerve cut. During denervation, S1P was continuously delivered to the muscle through a mini osmotic pump. S1P and its precursor, sphingosine (Sph), significantly attenuated the progress of denervation-induced muscle atrophy. The trophic effect of Sph was prevented by N,N-dimethylsphingosine, an inhibitor of Sph kinase, the enzyme that converts Sph into S1P. Neutralization of circulating S1P by a specific antibody further demonstrated that S1P was responsible for the trophic effects of S1P during denervation atrophy. Denervation produced the down regulation of S1P(1) and S1P(3) receptors, regardless of the presence of the receptor agonist. In conclusion, the results suggest that S1P acts as a trophic factor of skeletal muscle.
Vital signs of identity [biometrics] (1994)

Biometrics is emerging as the most foolproof method of automated personal identification in demand in an ever more automated world. Biometric systems are automated methods of verifying or recognizing the identity of a living person on the basis of some physiological characteristic, like a fingerprint or iris pattern, or some aspect of behavior, like handwriting or keystroke patterns. This paper describes the range of biometric systems in development or on the market including: handwriting; fingerprints; iris patterns; human faces; and speech.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Physicochemical Characterization, and Interaction with DNA of Long‐Alkyl‐Chain Gemini Pyridinium Surfactants (2015)

Pyridinium gemini surfactants with hexadecyl chains linked to nitrogen atoms and a tuned aliphatic spacer that bridges the two pyridinium polar heads in 2,2'-positions have been synthesized and characterized. A multitechnique approach allowed us to study the aggregation behavior, using conductivity, surface tension, and fluorescence. Graphs of the specific conductivity (κ) versus the surfactant molar concentration (C), and graphs of the molar conductivity (Λ) versus C<sup>0.5</sup> suggest pre-aggregation phenomena of these amphiphiles at very low concentration. The trends of A<sub>min</sub> as a function of the spacer length confirm the hypothesis of a conformational change of the molecule with four methylene groups as spacer owing to stacking interactions between the two pyridinium rings mediated by the counterion. Moreover, the trends of A<sub>min</sub> and counterion binding (β) suggest that the spacer must be longer than eight carbon atoms to fold efficiently toward the micellar core. The opportunity to tune the surfactant structure and aggregation properties make those surfactants-particularly the long-chain ones for which the DNA complexing ability was shown by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging-desirable candidates for gene-delivery experiments.
Prognostic significance of TRAIL death receptors in Middle Eastern colorectal carcinomas and their correlation to oncogenic KRAS alterations (2010)

TRAIL-R1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for better survival in all CRC samples and even in the CRC group that received adjuvant therapy. The biological effects of TRAIL in CRC models, its enhancement of chemosensitivity towards standard chemotherapeutic agents and the effect of endogenous TRAIL receptor levels on survival make TRAIL an extremely attractive therapeutic target.
Phenotype variability and histopathological findings in patients with a novel <i>DNM2</i> mutation (2017)

Mutations of Dynamin 2 (DNM2) are responsible for several forms of neuromuscular disorder such as centronuclear myopathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) dominant intermediate type B, CMT 2M, and lethal congenital contracture syndrome 5. We describe a young man manifesting as length-dependent sensorimotor neuropathy with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, but his mother only had very mild symptoms of peripheral neuropathy. The electrophysiological data meet the criteria of intermediate CMT. The main pathological findings of sural nerve biopsy reveal a severe loss of large myelinating fibers and some clusters of regenerative fibers in fascicles, which are consistent with an axonal neuropathy. However, myopathological changes show a chronic myopathy-like pattern characterized by great variations of fiber size, increased connective tissue, rimmed vacuoles and predominance of type 2 fibers. A novel DNM2 mutation (p.G359D) in the middle domain is identified, which is highly evolutionarily conserved. DNM2-related CMT disease is phenotypically heterogeneous in age at onset, clinical features and electrophysiological changes. The histopathological findings indicate the coexistence of typical axonal neuropathy and chronic myopathy in DNM2-related neuromuscular diseases.
Renal neuroadrenergic transmission (1975)

To study the role of the renal sympathetic nerves in the regulation of sodium excretion, we examined the renal functional response to left renal nerve stimulation before (group I) and after (group II) left renal adrenergic blockade with guanethidine. In group I dogs, absolute sodium excretion from the left kidney fell markedly after left renal nerve stimulation; the decreases in glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow were of a similar magnitude. Using the radiolabeled microsphere technique, distribution of renal blood flow to the outer cortex was diminished after left renal nerve stimulation. In group II dogs, guanethidine blocked all of these effects of left renal nerve stimulation. In group iii studies, a low level of left renal nerve stimulation was used which resulted in a decrease in sodium excretion in the absence of changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, or intrarenal distribution of blood flow; this effect was blocked by renal adrenergic blockade with guanethidine in group iv studies. These data support a role for the renal sympathetic nerves to directly influence renal tubular sodium transport in the absence of alterations in renal hemodynamics.
A Website Model-Supported Focused Crawler for Search Agents (2006)

This paper advocates the use of ontology-supported website models to provide a semantic level solution for a search agent so that it can provide fast, precise, and stable search results. We have based on the technique to develop a focused crawler, which can benefit both user requests and domain semantics. Equipped with this technique, our focused crawler manifests the following interesting features: ontology-supported construction of website models, website models-supported website model expansion, and website models-supported webpage retrieval.
A cDNA resource from the basal chordate <i>Ciona intestinalis</i> (2002)

The genome of the basal choradate Ciona intestinalis contains a basic set of genes with less redundancy compared to the vertebrate genome. Extensive EST analyses, cDNA sequencing, and clustering yielded "Ciona intestinalis Gene Collection Release 1," which contains cDNA clones for 13,464 genes, covering nearly 85% of the Ciona mRNA species. This release is ready for use in cDNA cloning, micro/macroarray analysis, and other comprehensive genome-wide analyses for further molecular studies of basal chordates.
Ferritin and Transferrin Are Both Predictive of the Onset of Hyperglycemia in Men and Women Over 3 Years (2006)

Although negatively correlated, both transferrin and ferritin were positively associated with the onset of abnormalities in glucose metabolism in a prospective study. These results further support the hypothesis of a causative role of iron metabolism in the onset of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
MASALAH PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA MELAYU DALAM KALANGAN MURID CINA SEKOLAH RENDAH (Learning Problem of Malay Language among the Chinese Pupils Primary School) (2016)

Abstrak : Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat persepsi murid-murid Cina terhadap bacaan buku dan sebutan dalam bahasa Melayu. Seramai 400 orang sampel dipilih daripada Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Cina (SJKC) dan Sekolah Kebangsaan (SK).  Murid-murid Cina di SJKC dan SK mempunyai masalah sebutan kerana kurang membaca buku atau bahan bacaan bahasa Melayu. Murid-murid Cina kurang gemar membaca bahan bacaan atau buku bahasa Melayu kerana faktor kebudayaan, pengaruh rakan dan keluarga. Selain itu, murid-murid Cina sering melakukan kesalahan sebutan fornem (‘m”, “n”, “l”, dan “r”) dan konsonan bergabung (“sy”, “ny” dan “ng”).  Ujian-t menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang signifikan bagi murid-murid SK dengan SJKC dalam pencapaian bahasa Melayu.  Hasil ujian korelasi Pearson menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara kemahiran pemahaman dengan pertuturan murid-murid Cina dalam bahasa Melayu.  Hasil kajian ini mendapati pengajaran dan pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu di sekolah-sekolah rendah perlu diperbaiki agar dapat membantu murid-murid mempelajari bahasa Melayu dengan baik. Selain itu, guru-guru Bahasa Melayu memainkan peranan yang sangat penting untuk memupuk minat membaca di samping membetulkan kesalahan yang dilakukan oleh murid-murid Cina kerana Bahasa Melayu ialah bahasa kedua mereka. Tambahan pula, ibu bapa memainkan peranan penting di samping sikap dan minat murid-murid terhadap bahasa Melayu itu sendiri. Kata kunci :  Bahasa Melayu, murid-murid Cina, sekolah jenis kebangsaan, sekolah kebangsaan Abstract: This study aims to investige the perception of Chinese pupils towards books reading and pronunciation in Malay Language. A total of 400 samples were selected from Chinese National-type Schools (CNTS) and National Schools (NS). Chinese pupils in CNTS and NS face the problems in pronunciation as a result of lack of reading Malay language books. Chinese pupils are less fond of reading Malay language books due to cultural factors, the influence of friends and family. In addition, Chinese pupils often make mistakes in fornem ( m, n, l and r) and join consonants ( sy, ny and ng). The t-test showed significant difference for the pupils of SK with SJKCs in the Malay language result. Pearson correlation test showed no relationship between comprehensive and speech competence among Chinese pupils in Malay language. The results of this study found that teaching and learning of Malay Language in primary schools should be improved in order to help pupils to learn the language well. In addition, the Malay Language teachers also play very important roles to foster interest in reading in addition to correct the errors made by Chinese pupils as Malay language is their second language. In addition, parents play an important role in the attitudes and interests of the pupils towards the Malay language. Keywords: Malay Language, Chinese national-type schools, national schools, chinese pupils
Synthesis of a β-Amino Acid Pharmacophore via a β-Lactam Intermediate (2005)

A stereoselective synthesis of (R)-beta-amino acid 1 via a beta-lactam intermediate is discussed.
Heterogeneous nucleation of crystallization of high polymers from the melt. I. Substrate‐induced morphologies (1975)

Abstract Melt crystallization of isotactic polypropylene (iPP), poly(ethylene oxide), poly(butene‐1), and polycaprolactone in contact with various substrates (mostly polymeric) has been studied by hot stage polarizing microscopy. Nucleating abilities of surfaces have been characterized qualitatively by examining the substrate‐induced morphologies of the crystallizing polymer. These morphologies have been classified into three groups, depending on whether the substrate is very active (transcrystallinity), moderately active, or inactive as a nucleating agent. The morphologies observed are temperature‐dependent, changing from transcrystalline to spherulitic upon increase of the crystallization temperature. At intermediate temperatures, mixed surface morphologies (transcrystalline plus spherulitic) are observed. The concentration of titanium and aluminum catalytic residues in isotactic polystyrene (iPS) samples can be reduced by two methods, i.e., (a) fractionating the polymer and (b) chelating Ti and Al with acetylacetone. The high nucleating ability of iPS samples in the crystallization of iPP has been shown to be due to the polymer (iPS) itself, and not to Ti and Al residues. Apart from iPS, other polymers (low energy surfaces) have also been found to induce transcrystallinity. From a survey of 43 substrate‐crystallizing polymer pairs, conclusions have been drawn which are relevant to the following potential factors in heterogeneous nucleation processes: (a) chemical structure, (b) crystallographic unit cell type, (c) lattice parameters, (d) crystallinity of substrate, and (e) surface energy of substrate.
Dual-stage microinverter design with a GaN-based interleaved flyback converter stage (2013)

Photovoltaic (PV) systems must maximize the energy harvested from the PV panel. One method is the use of microinverters that are less susceptible to shade effects when compared to string or central inverters. Efficiency is always an important specification, particularly, when compared to that of a central inverter. The main losses of a microinverter are transformer and semiconductor losses. Power switching devices based on silicon (Si) material are traditionally used, and silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes are replacing Si diodes due to their low reverse recovery energy. Recently, Gallium Nitride (GaN) power switching devices, capable of switching at higher frequencies with fewer losses when compared to Si or SiC devices, have been introduced. Higher frequencies enable designs with smaller capacitive and inductive elements. This in turn reduces system size and cost. This work analyzes a dual-stage microinverter with an interleaved flyback converter in the dc-dc stage and GaN devices for the low-voltage side. Experimental results from a 40W prototype confirm the benefits of the proposed system.
Development of a ‘clickable’ non-natural nucleotide to visualize the replication of non-instructional DNA lesions (2011)

The misreplication of damaged DNA is an important biological process that produces numerous adverse effects on human health. This report describes the synthesis and characterization of a non-natural nucleotide, designated 3-ethynyl-5-nitroindolyl-2'-deoxyriboside triphosphate (3-Eth-5-NITP), as a novel chemical reagent that can probe and quantify the misreplication of damaged DNA. We demonstrate that this non-natural nucleotide is efficiently inserted opposite an abasic site, a commonly formed and potentially mutagenic non-instructional DNA lesion. The strategic placement of the ethynyl moiety allows the incorporated nucleoside triphosphate to be selectively tagged with an azide-containing fluorophore using 'click' chemistry. This reaction provides a facile way to quantify the extent of nucleotide incorporation opposite non-instructional DNA lesions. In addition, the incorporation of 3-Eth-5-NITP is highly selective for an abasic site, and occurs even in the presence of a 50-fold molar excess of natural nucleotides. The biological applications of using 3-Eth-5-NITP as a chemical probe to monitor and quantify the misreplication of non-instructional DNA lesions are discussed.
Evaluation of Antiproliferative Activities and Action Mechanisms of Extracts from Two Species of <i>Ganoderma</i> on Tumor Cell Lines (2009)

The antiproliferative activities on tumoral cells, namely, human breast cancer (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), hepatoma (HepG2) and myeloid leukemia (HL-60), of ethanolic extracts from two species of Ganoderma, G. lucidum and G. sinense, were investigated. Though both extracts had certain antiproliferative activities, their chemical characteristics, including nucleosides, triterpenoids and sterols, were significantly different. Their effects on MDA-MB-231 cells were further studied using apoptotic detection and cell cycle analyses. As a result, both had apoptosis induction through the alternation of mitochondrial transmembrane depolarization, though no triterpenoids were detected in ethanolic extract of G. sinense. Furthermore, the two extracts from G. lucidum and G. sinense could arrest cell cycle at different phases. This study showed that ethanol extracts of both G. lucidum and G. sinense have antitumoral proliferation effect through both apoptosis pathway and cell cycle arrest effect, and some other compounds such as sterols and/or nucleosides may contribute to their activity besides triterpenoids.
The Importance of Preserving the Radial Tuberosity During Distal Biceps Repair (2015)

The anterior protuberance of the radial tuberosity functions as a supination cam; therefore, consideration should be given to preserve its topographical anatomy during a distal biceps repair.
Mobile Terminal Location for MIMO Communication Systems (2007)

We propose a novel approach in the context of multiple-input multiple-output communication systems to determine the position of mobile terminals based on estimated multipath signal parameters such as angle-of-arrival, angle-of-departure and delay-of-arrival using only one base station. This approach minimizes the errors occurring from the estimation of multipath parameters and gives the position of the mobile terminal by simultaneously resolving a set of algebraic location equations. The root-mean-square (RMS) errors are measured and compared with the Cramer-Rao lower bound to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Treatment of Bowen Disease Using the Ultrasonic Surgical Aspirator (2001)

In most cases, patients with Bowen disease lesions can be easily treated by surgical excision and direct closure; however, the ultrasonic surgical aspirator, an instrument in common use in many fields, offers a good treatment alternative with few drawbacks for patients with lesions that are large and/or located in joint areas, areas that are hard to heal, or areas that are surgically problematic such as the ears, nose, eyelids, and mucous membranes. The clinical application of the ultrasonic surgical aspirator in the treatment of Bowen disease promises considerable benefit in terms of patient comfort because removal of the lesion is easy, is noninvasive, and does not require hospitalization or result in restricted mobility. All of these factors, although benefiting patients, particularly the elderly, can also substantially lower the cost of treatment.
THE STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF ARTIFICIAL AND NATURAL GRAPHITE (1956)

"Based upon work done at the Metallurgical Laboratory, University of Chicago (now Argonne National Laboratory) during the period 1943-1945 and reported in ANL-4022 (August 7, 1947)."--P. 1.
Expert system based configuration of VSAM files (1987)

The VSAM data access method supports management of sequential, relative, and index-sequential files. The latter are highly dependent on various parameters in terms of access behavior and storage overhead. Only few experts in this field are able to reasonably adjust these parameters to meet application programmers' requirements. This paper reports on the implementation of an expert system containing all relevant facts as well as heuristics for an optimal design, and providing access for application programmers via a dialog shell.
A fast visual line segment tracker (2008)

We present a fast line segment tracker which does not require any knowledge about the motion of the camera nor the structure of the observed scene. It runs on 320 times 240 pixel images at 30 Hz. We adapted the RAPiD tracker with a new way of handling multiple line hypotheses to deal with the simple model of a single line segment. We discuss the difficulty of using a chi <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -test as merging criterion and also present a new approach to overcome it. Furthermore, instead of making assumptions about the camera motion, a constant velocity motion model to predict the line segment position in the following frame is used. We explain how to deal with the instability of the endpoint extraction in this motion model to avoid unintentional motion along the line. Finally, we present results on real world indoor and urban outdoor image sequences.
Isolation and Characterization of Foaming Proteins of Beer (1980)

“Foaming proteins” that retained the full foaming capacity of the original beer were isolated by ultrafiltration followed by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography on diethylaminoethylcellulose. Because the content of foaming proteins correlated well with head formation of many samples of beer, these foaming proteins seem to be responsible for beer foaming. Foaming proteins consisted of three fractions with molecular weights of 90,000–1,000,000, 40,000, and 15,000. These three fractions were all surface-active but differed in the mechanism of their contribution to foaming. The higher and medium molecular weight fractions combined with isohumulones through ε-amino groups to form more surface-active complexes and thereby enhanced foaming. The lower molecular weight fraction did not form these complexes appreciably, probably because of its low content of ε-amino groups. Immunological studies showed that foaming proteins were formed primarily during germination of barley. The level of foaming proteins decreased considerably during brewing, particularly during kettle boiling; 160–620 mg/L of foaming proteins survived in finished beer.