gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New-concept Batteries Based on Aqueous Li+/Na+ Mixed-ion Electrolytes (2013)

Rechargeable batteries made from low-cost and abundant materials operating in safe aqueous electrolytes are attractive for large-scale energy storage. Sodium-ion battery is considered as a potential alternative of current lithium-ion battery. As sodium-intercalation compounds suitable for aqueous batteries are limited, we adopt a novel concept of Li(+)/Na(+) mixed-ion electrolytes to create two batteries (LiMn2O4/Na0.22MnO2 and Na0.44MnO2/TiP2O7), which relies on two electrochemical processes. One involves Li(+) insertion/extraction reaction, and the other mainly relates to Na(+) extraction/insertion reaction. Two batteries exhibit specific energy of 17 Wh kg(-1) and 25 Wh kg(-1) based on the total weight of active electrode materials, respectively. As well, aqueous LiMn2O4/Na0.22MnO2 battery is capable of separating Li(+) and Na(+) due to its specific mechanism unlike the traditional "rocking-chair" lithium-ion batteries. Hence, the Li(+)/Na(+) mixed-ion batteries offer promising applications in energy storage and Li(+)/Na(+) separation.
Just Pick a Sign: Optimizing Deep Multitask Models with Gradient Sign Dropout (2020)

The vast majority of deep models use multiple gradient signals, typically corresponding to a sum of multiple loss terms, to update a shared set of trainable weights. However, these multiple updates can impede optimal training by pulling the model in conflicting directions. We present Gradient Sign Dropout (GradDrop), a probabilistic masking procedure which samples gradients at an activation layer based on their level of consistency. GradDrop is implemented as a simple deep layer that can be used in any deep net and synergizes with other gradient balancing approaches. We show that GradDrop outperforms the state-of-the-art multiloss methods within traditional multitask and transfer learning settings, and we discuss how GradDrop reveals links between optimal multiloss training and gradient stochasticity.
Accounting for the Bitcoin: accountability, neoliberalism and a correspondence analysis (2016)

Purpose Given its innovative characteristics and increasing popularity, the Bitcoin, and other virtual currencies, are expected to become mainstream, leading to the need for a generally accepted accounting treatment. Currently, however, there are no accounting standards which offer guidance on the recognition and measurement of these virtual currencies. To this end, the purpose of this paper is to determine a conceptual approach for accounting for the Bitcoin, grounded in the theories of neoliberalism and stewardship. Design/methodology/approach The research adopts an interpretive mixed-method approach. The relevant literature is analysed to identify key characteristics of the Bitcoin. These, as well as the elements of accounting policies inspired by neoliberalism and stewardship, form row and column headings in a correspondence matrix completed by 40 financial reporting experts. The correlations between rows and columns (developed using principal component analysis) are used to identify possible recognition and measurement requirements for the Bitcoin. Semi-structured interviews are used to complement the correspondence analysis. Findings The correspondence analysis and interviews reveal an emphasis on cost and fair value proposed by models grounded in stewardship and neoliberalism, respectively. The primary factor at work is the need to account for the underlying economics of the unit of account, something which is informed heavily by an organisation’s business model. Cost and fair value may be conceptual opposites, but in the eyes of respondents, these need to be used to achieve the single goal of communicating the economic rationale for holding the Bitcoin. Research limitations/implications The study is based on a purposefully selected sample of experts and lacks the exploratory potential of purely qualitative research. Nevertheless, it makes novel use of a correspondence analysis to provide an initial frame of reference for developing an accounting policy for unusual transactions and balances. Originality/value The paper is the first to provide a normative perspective on the accounting for this poorly understood “currency”. It also adds to the limited body of interpretive accounting research which dispenses with traditional finance paradigms and positivist models to provide practical recommendations. Finally, the paper offers an innovative approach, using a correspondence analysis and detailed interviews, for developing an accounting policy for transactions not specifically within the scope of existing accounting standards.
Recommendations for definition and determination of carry‐over effects (1988)

The term 'carry-over' is commonly used to describe a
Assessment of ISLOCA risk: Methodology and application to a Babcock and Wilcox nuclear power plant (1992)

This report presents information essential to understanding the risk associated with inter-system loss-of-coolant accidents (ISLOCAs). The methodology developed and presented in this report provides a state- of-the-art method for identifying and evaluating plant-specific hardware designs, human performance issues, and accident consequence factors relevant to the prediction of the ISLOCA risk. This ISLOCA methodology was developed and then applied to a Babcock and Wilcox (B W) nuclear power plant. The results from this application are described in detail. For this particular B W reference plant, the assessment indicated that the probability of a severe ISLOCA is approximately 2.2E-06/reactor-year. This document Volume 3, provides appendices I-M for the report. Topics are: Consequence Calculations; External events analysis of ISLOCA sequences; Review of Pressure Fragility Calculations; Uncertainty Analysis; and Steam Propagation Analysis for the B W Plant Auxiliary Building.
Monocular Visual Scene Understanding: Understanding Multi-Object Traffic Scenes (2012)

Following recent advances in detection, context modeling, and tracking, scene understanding has been the focus of renewed interest in computer vision research. This paper presents a novel probabilistic 3D scene model that integrates state-of-the-art multiclass object detection, object tracking and scene labeling together with geometric 3D reasoning. Our model is able to represent complex object interactions such as inter-object occlusion, physical exclusion between objects, and geometric context. Inference in this model allows us to jointly recover the 3D scene context and perform 3D multi-object tracking from a mobile observer, for objects of multiple categories, using only monocular video as input. Contrary to many other approaches, our system performs explicit occlusion reasoning and is therefore capable of tracking objects that are partially occluded for extended periods of time, or objects that have never been observed to their full extent. In addition, we show that a joint scene tracklet model for the evidence collected over multiple frames substantially improves performance. The approach is evaluated for different types of challenging onboard sequences. We first show a substantial improvement to the state of the art in 3D multipeople tracking. Moreover, a similar performance gain is achieved for multiclass 3D tracking of cars and trucks on a challenging dataset.
Secure data access in cloud computing (2010)

Data security and access control is one of the most challenging ongoing research work in cloud computing, because of users outsourcing their sensitive data to cloud providers. Existing solutions that use pure cryptographic techniques to mitigate these security and access control problems suffer from heavy computational overhead on the data owner as well as the cloud service provider for key distribution and management. This paper addresses this challenging open problem using capability based access control technique that ensures only valid users will access the outsourced data. This work also proposes a modified Diffie-Hellman key exchange protocol between cloud service provider and the user for secretly sharing a symmetric key for secure data access that alleviates the problem of key distribution and management at cloud service provider. The simulation run and analysis shows that the proposed approach is highly efficient and secure under existing security models.
Exonucleolytic processing of small nucleolar RNAs from pre-mRNA introns. (1995)

Many small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) in vertebrates are encoded within introns of protein genes. We have reported previously that two isoforms of human U17 snoRNA are encoded in introns of the cell-cycle regulatory gene, RCC1. We have now investigated the mechanism of processing of U17 RNAs and of another intron-encoded snoRNA, U19. Experiments in which the processing of intronic RNA substrates was tested in HeLa cell extracts suggest that exonucleases rather than endonucleases are involved in the excision of U17 and U19 RNAs: (1) Cutoff products that would be expected from endonucleolytic cleavages were not detected; (2) capping or circularization of substrates inhibited formation of snoRNAs; and (3) U17 RNA was faithfully processed from a substrate carrying unrelated flanking sequences. To study in vivo processing the coding regions of snoRNAs were inserted into intron 2 of the human beta-globin gene. Expression of resulting pre-mRNAs in simian COS cells resulted in formation of correctly processed snoRNAs and of the spliced globin mRNA, demonstrating that snoRNAs can be excised from a nonhost intron and that their sequences contain all the signals essential for accurate processing. When the U17 sequence was placed in a beta-globin exon, no formation of U17 RNA took place, and when two U17 RNA-coding regions were placed in a single intron, doublet U17 RNA molecules accumulated. The results support a model according to which 5'-->3' and 3'-->5' exonucleases are involved in maturation of U17 and U19 RNAs and that excised and debranched introns are the substrates of the processing reaction.
Techniques for Evaluation of Ecological and Aesthetic Aspects of Landscapes through GIS Overlay Method (2009)

ABSTRACT In this study a landscape evaluation was carried out for the su bmission of a natural landscape conservation plan with the intention to prevent damage to natural landscapes through i ncautious exploitation. In the case of Korean landscape evaluation, in fact, only the aesthetic value of the landscape is evaluated as related to development projects but the ecologi cal relevance of the landscape cannot be estimated by evaluating on ly the aesthetic.For that reason, this study performed a landscape evaluation, i ncluding the sensitivity limit of visible scenery and the diversity of ecological scenery. For the intention of landscape evaluation in the designation of an essential conservation area and for devisinga plan related to this area, a GIS applied to Ian McHarg’s map overlay method was used and both the ecological landscape diversity and the aesthetic value of t he landscape was surveyed using this map overlay method. A region can be analyzed in relation to the needs for concentra tion of management in influence analysis of landscape effect elements.Key Words: Ecological Landscape, Visual Landscape, Landscape Evaluation, Map Overlay Method
Reverse‐time migration for tilted TI media (2005)

Seismic anisotropy in dipping shales results in imaging and positioning problems for underlying structures. We develop a reverse‐time anisotropic depth migration approach for P‐wave and SV‐wave seismic data in transversely isotropic (TI) media with a tilted axis of symmetry normal to bedding. Based on an accurate phase velocity formula, the wave equation of weak anisotropy for P‐wave and SV‐wave in tilted transversely isotropic (TTI) media is derived from a P and SV dispersion relationship. The accuracy of the P‐wave equation and the SV‐wave equation are analyzed and compared with other acoustic wave equations for TTI media. The pseudo‐spectral method is used to solve these equations implementing reverse‐time migration. The resulting anisotropic depth‐migration algorithm is applied to numerical seismic data and physical‐model seismic data. According to the comparison between the isotropic and anisotropic migration results, the reverse‐time anisotropic depth migration offers significant improvements in positioning and reflector continuity over those obtained using isotropic algorithms.
A small footprint interleaved multithreaded processor for embedded systems (2011)

With the increase in the design complexity of MPSoC architectures and the need for more transistor/energy efficient processor architectures, designers are exploiting the parallelism at the thread level (TLP) through the implementation of embedded multithreaded processors. Moreover, future manycore architectures tend to use small footprint RISC cores. In this paper, we present a small footprint, scalar, in-order, 5-stage pipeline, interleaved multithreaded processor with 2 hardware thread contexts for embedded systems and SoC integration. Synthesis results in 40 nm TSMC shows that the multithreaded core area is only 19800 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 13.97 kilogates, which is almost equal to a 4KB direct mapped cache memory according to CACTI 6.5 tool [1]. The IMT core has an augmentation of 73.2% in core area compared to the monothreaded core. The multithreaded core is validated by running a simple bubble-sort application and varying the L1 D$ memory. The average performance gain is 17% compared to the monothreaded core.
Magnetism and magnetic anisotropy in FM NiFe, AFM NiMn, and their interface (2000)

First-principles local density full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) calculations have been performed to investigate the magnetism and magnetic anisotropy in ferromagnetic NiFe, antiferromagnetic NiMn and their interface. We found that the magnetic moments of the Fe atom in NiFe and that of the Mn atom in NiMn are enhanced at their surface compared to their bulk states. The magneto-crystalline anisotropy (MCA) is also drastically influenced by the environment. Bulk NiFe and NiMn show slightly perpendicular and in-plane easy magnetic axes, respectively. However, the effects of the surface change their MCA direction and strength. For the interface between NiFe and NiMn, where the magneto-crystalline anisotropy is dominated by the NiMn layer, the interface effects may be important for discussing the exchange bias.
Self-aligned silicided inverse-T gate LDD devices for sub-half micron CMOS technology (2002)

A nitride-sealed L-shaped Si spacer technique is used to form inverse-T gate sub-half micron N- and P-LDD (lightly doped drain) device structures with self-aligned Ti silicided gate and source-drain. The advantage of the L-shaped Si spacer N-LDD devices over the L-shaped nitride spacer devices is to extend the gate electrode so that it fully overlaps the N/sup +/ S/D region, which provides (1) higher current drive due to a reduction of series resistance with an increased carrier concentration at the LDD region and (2) less degradation during hot carrier aging due to a reduction of maximum lateral electric field and greater tolerance to higher trapped charges.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of frequently used chemotherapeutic drugs on the cytotoxic activity of human natural killer cells (2007)

Tumors are considered to be possible targets of immunotherapy using stimulated and expanded autologous or allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells mismatched for MHC class I molecules and inhibitory NK receptors. NK cell-based immunoadjuvant therapies are carried out in combination with standard chemotherapeutic protocols. In the presented study, we characterized the effect of 28 frequently used chemotherapeutic agents on the capacity of NK cells to kill target cells. We found that treatment of NK cells with the drugs vinblastine, paclitaxel, docetaxel, cladribine, chlorambucil, bortezomib, and MG-132 effectively inhibited NK cell-mediated killing without affecting the viability of NK cells. On the other hand, the following drugs permitted efficient NK cell-mediated killing even at concentrations comparable with or higher than the maximally achieved therapeutic concentration in vivo in humans: asparaginase, bevacizumab, bleomycin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, etoposide, 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, streptozocin, and 6-mercaptopurine.
Inactivation of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus on cotton by the substances produced by the cotton leaf surface glands (1985)

SUMMARY Loss of viability of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Spodoptera littoralis was shown to occur on cotton leaves but not on cabbage leaves or on semi‐synthetic insect diet. The inactivation was rapid, occurred in the dark and required contact between the cotton leaf surface and the polyhedral inclusion bodies (PIBs). It was shown that the products of the cotton leaf glands, which exude a crystalline material onto the leaf surface, could account for the rapid inactivation observed. Inactivation did not involve loss of virus polyhedral inclusion bodies. The use of EDTA or a low pH buffer in the NPV suspension reduced the inactivation which suggested that the loss of activity was due to the presence of calcium and magnesium in the cotton gland exudate.
Passivation of pinholes in octadecanethiol monolayers on gold electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of phenol (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPassivation of pinholes in octadecanethiol monolayers on gold electrodes by electrochemical polymerization of phenolHarry O. Finklea, Daniel A. Snider, and John FedykCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 2, 371–376Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00092a014https://doi.org/10.1021/la00092a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views826Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical Properties of a Magnetic Semiconductor: Chalcopyrite CuFeS<sub>2</sub>.: I. Absorption Spectra of CuFeS<sub>2</sub> and Fe-Doped CuAlS<sub>2</sub> and CuGaS<sub>2</sub> (1974)

Optical absorptions have been measured in chalcopyrite, CuFeS 2 , and Fe-doped CuAlS 2 and CuGaS 2 . An extra absorption band with two peaks is observed at the low energy region of the absorption edge for Fe-doped CuAlS 2 and CuGaS 2 .Energy positions of two absorption peaks are 1.3 eV and 2.0 eV for CuAlS 2 and 1.2 eV and 1.9 eV for CuGaS 2 , respectively. The intensity of this absorption band increases with the increase of doped Fe ions and grows into the absorption edge of CuFeS 2 . Its oscillator strength comes up to 7·10 -2 . In chalcopyrite photoconductivity is observed and its maximum is just at the same energy region of the absorption edge. By comparing our results with those of absorption measurements for Cu- or Fe-doped ZnS it is concluded that this absorption band originates from the charge transfer transitions relating to 3d electron of Fe ions and the absorption edge of CuFeS 2 rises from the band-to-band transition corresponding to this charge transfer transition.
Vitamin K2 induces autophagy and apoptosis simultaneously in leukemia cells (2008)

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4: VK2) is a potent inducer for apoptosis in leukemia cells in vitro. HL-60bcl-2 cells, which are derived from a stable transfectant clone of the human bcl-2 gene into the HL-60 leukemia cell line, show 5-fold greater expression of the Bcl-2 protein compared with HL-60neo cells, a control clone transfected with vector alone. VK2 induces apoptosis in HL-60neo cells, whereas HL-60bcl-2 cells are resistant to apoptosis induction by VK2 but show inhibition of cell growth along with an increase of cytoplasmic vacuoles during exposure to VK2. Electron microscopy revealed formation of autophagosomes and autolysosomes in HL-60bcl-2 cells after exposure to VK2. An increase of acid vesicular organelles (AVOs) detected by acridine orange staining for lysosomes as well as conversion of LC3B-I into LC3B-II by immunoblotting and an increased punctuated pattern of cytoplasmic LC3B by fluorescent immunostaining all supported induction of enhanced autophagy in response to VK2 in HL-60bcl-2 cells. However, during shorter exposure to VK2, the formation of autophagosomes was also prominent in HL-60neo cells although nuclear chromatin condensations and nuclear fragments were also observed at the same time. These findings indicated the mixed morphologic features of apoptosis and autophagy. Inhibition of autophagy by either addition of 3-methyladenine, siRNA for Atg7, or Tet-off Atg5 system all resulted in attenuation of VK2-incuded cell death, indicating autophagy-mediated cell death in response to VK2. These data demonstrate that autophagy and apoptosis can be simultaneously induced by VK2. However, autophagy becomes prominent when the cells are protected from rapid apoptotic death by a high expression level of Bcl-2.