gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Bit-Parallel Multi-Patterns Word Searching Algorithm through Splitting the Text (2009)

Word matching problem is to find all the occurrences of a pattern P[0…m-1] in the text T[0…n-1], where P neither contains any white space nor preceded and followed by space. In the multi-patterns word matching problem, all the occurrences of multiple word P0, P1, P2 …Pr-1, (r≥1) in the given text T are to be reported. In the present discussion, we assume that all the patterns have equal size m and our text T is offline. We further assume that m ≤ w, where w is the word length of computer used. Ibrahiem et al. in 2008 have proposed an algorithm (WSA) for solving the word matching problem for single pattern by splitting the offline text into number of tables in the preprocessing phase. The main drawback of this algorithm was: after splitting the text into a number of tables, they search each occurrence of the pattern by the brute force manner in each table. In this paper, we extend this algorithm for multi-patterns word matching by using the technique of bit-parallel proposed by Baeza Yates, 1992. In this technique, after splitting the text into number of tables, we apply the shift-or algorithm to find the words of same length in the text T. The set of r multiple patterns is being handled by using the concept of classes of characters. This extended algorithm is called as multi-patterns word searching algorithm (MPWSA). Experimental results show that MPWSA algorithm is much faster than the previously proposed WSA algorithm.
Electronic single-molecule identification of carbohydrate isomers by recognition tunnelling (2016)

Carbohydrates are one of the four main building blocks of life, and are categorized as monosaccharides (sugars), oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. Each sugar can exist in two alternative anomers (in which a hydroxy group at C-1 takes different orientations) and each pair of sugars can form different epimers (isomers around the stereocentres connecting the sugars). This leads to a vast combinatorial complexity, intractable to mass spectrometry and requiring large amounts of sample for NMR characterization. Combining measurements of collision cross section with mass spectrometry (IM-MS) helps, but many isomers are still difficult to separate. Here, we show that recognition tunnelling (RT) can classify many anomers and epimers via the current fluctuations they produce when captured in a tunnel junction functionalized with recognition molecules. Most importantly, RT is a nanoscale technique utilizing sub-picomole quantities of analyte. If integrated into a nanopore, RT would provide a unique approach to sequencing linear polysaccharides.
Changes in ventilation&ndash;perfusion during and after an COPD exacerbation: an assessment using fluid dynamic modeling (2018)

Recovery of an exacerbation is due to decreased (mainly distal) airway resistance (<i>p</i><0.05). Improvement in patient-reported outcomes were also associated with decreased distal airway resistance (<i>p</i><0.05), but not with forced expiratory volume. FRI is, therefore, a sensitive tool to describe changes in airway caliber, ventilation, and perfusion during and after exacerbation. On the basis of the fact that FRI increased distal airway resistance seems to be the main cause of an exacerbation, therapy should mainly focus on decreasing it during and after the acute event.
Integrated optical phased arrays for lidar applications (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2015.
<title>Spectral estimation and color appearance prediction of fluorescent materials</title> (2000)

In this paper, we present a method to estimate the reflected and fluorescent spectral radiance factors of a fluorescent object based on spectrophotometric data without using a monochromator. We use truncated Fourier series to approximate both two spectral radiance factors. Then, based on the measured spectral obtained from a spectroradiometer, the coefficients of the truncated Fourier series are estimated using an weighted least square algorithm. The weighting function is defined as the sum of the CIE standard x, y, and z color matching functions. With the estimated reflected and fluorescent spectral radiance factors, we can predict the color appearance of a fluorescent object under other sources such that the color difference is minimized from viewpoint of human vision.
Multiport DC–DC Autotransformer for Interconnecting Multiple High-Voltage DC Systems at Low Cost (2015)

This paper proposes a multiport dc-dc autotransformer (multiport dc auto) that is used to interconnect multiple HVDC systems with different voltage levels. The multiport dc auto is able to reduce 50-80% the converter cost compared with conventional dc-ac-dc technology. Different from the conventional dc-ac-dc technology using magnetic coupling at the ac sides of the converters, there is direct electrical connection between the interconnected dc systems in the multiport dc auto. Such direct electrical interconnection significantly reduces the used power converters in the multiport dc auto. Taking interconnecting a ±250, ±320, and ±400 kV dc system with the rated exporting/importing dc power at each of the dc system being 500, 1000, and 1500 MW as an example, the conventional multiport dc-ac-dc technology requires a total of 3000 MW power converters while only 775 MW power converter is required in the multiport dc-dc autotransformer. The required power converter in the multiport dc-dc autotransformer is only 26% of the converter used in the conventional multiport dc-ac-dc technology. Cost and operating power loss is therefore significantly reduced.
Facile and cost-effective branched acrylic copolymers from multifunctional comonomers and multifunctional chain transfer agents (2015)

Branched acrylic copolymers were synthesised <italic>via</italic> facile conventional free-radical polymerisations taken to high conversion using comonomers containing 2-6 acrylate functional groups and chain transfer agents containing 1-8 thiol functional groups.
Weichselian and Holocene fluvial evolution of the Vézère river valley (Dordogne, France) [ Évolution de la vallée de la Vézère au Weichselien et à l'Holocène (Dordogne, France).] (2004)

La vallée de la Vézère est une région clé de la préhistoire mondiale pour la construction d'une chronologie du Paléolithique tant par les fouilles de gisements éponymes importants que par la découverte de sites ornés pariétaux. Presque toutes les fouilles ont concerné les sites en abri et il existe peu d'informations sur le mode d'occupation de la plaine alluviale. Cette étude s'intéresse au développement de la plaine alluviale au Pléistocène supérieur et à l' Holocène. La Vézère a créé plusieurs terrasses quaternaires et la terrasse Fyl, située à une altitude de 4 m au dessus de la plaine alluviale, est la plus basse terrasse et date probablement du début du Glaciaire. Plusieurs séries de carottages manuels ont été entrepris entre 1997 et 2001, dans la plaine alluviale actuelle, perpendiculairement à la Vézère. Les profils montrent que deux terrasses et des dépôts de chenaux récents sont recouverts par plusieurs mètres de dépôts fins de débordement. La terrasse la plus haute est à 3 m au dessous de la surface, la plus basse à 5,5 m au dessous. Les dépôts de chenaux (sub)récents sont à 6,5 m au dessous de la plaine alluviale. La terrasse enfouie supéneure a été datée par une datation OSL de sables recouvrant sa partie supéneure. La datation de 12+0,9 ka indique un âge pléniglaciaire final pour la terrasse en dessous. Cette datation est en accord avec l'âge Weichselien ancien-moyen de la terrasse Fyl qui lui est anténeure. La terrasse enfouie la plus basse n'est pas datée mais il est probable qu'elle date du Weichselien final. Le chenal actuel a été daté par deux dates 14C et par OSL indiquant un âge récent pour cette incision. Cette phase finale est accompagnée d'un changement de type de dépôt ; il devient plus grossier et résulte de l'érosion des dépôts anténeurs. Il est donc peu probable que des sites paléolithiques existent à la surface du complexe fluviatile de fond de vallée. Le sommet des deux terrasses enfouies peut au contraire contenir des sites de plein air bien conservés parce qu'ils ont été recouverts par les dépôts fluviatiles fins.
Investigation of the Epitaxial Graphene/p-SiC Heterojunction (2012)

There has been significant research in the study of in-plane charge-carrier transport in graphene in order to understand and exploit its unique electrical properties; however, the vertical graphene–semiconductor system also presents opportunities for unique devices. In this letter, we investigate the epitaxial graphene/p-type 4H-SiC system to better understand this vertical heterojunction. The <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$I$</tex></formula> – <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V$</tex></formula> behavior does not demonstrate thermionic emission properties that are indicative of a Schottky barrier but rather demonstrates characteristics of a semiconductor heterojunction. This is confirmed by the fitting of the temperature-dependent <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$I$ </tex></formula> – <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V$</tex></formula> curves to classical heterojunction equations and the observation of band-edge electroluminescence in SiC.
Comparison of NaI(Tl), CdTe, and HgI<sub>2</sub> surgical probes: Physical characterization (1991)

The physical properties of three surgical probes containing different radiation detectors are compared: a NaI(Tl) scintillator with a flexible, fiber-optic light guide, and two semiconductor detectors that operate at room temperature, CdTe and HgI2. Also compared are spectra, energy resolutions, and counting efficiencies measured at a variety of gamma-ray energies between 30 and 1000 keV. The energy resolution of the NaI probe is substantially poorer than that of either semiconductor probe due in part to light losses in coupling the scintillator to the fiber optics. The semiconductor probes have complex spectral response due to charge-carrier trapping and K x-ray escape, and not all photoelectric interactions in these detectors contribute to the useful part of the photopeak. Above 120 keV the counting efficiency for the NaI probe is an order of magnitude higher than for the CdTe and HgI2 probes. Both energy resolution and counting efficiency are slightly better for the HgI2 probe than for the CdTe probe.
Transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large-cell lymphoma: Alternative patterns with increased or decreased expression of <i>c</i> - <i>myc</i> and its regulated genes (2002)

The natural history of follicular lymphoma (FL) is frequently characterized by transformation to a more aggressive diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We compared the gene-expression profiles between transformed DLBCL and their antecedent FL. No genes were observed to increase or decrease their expression in all of the cases of histological transformation. However, two different gene-expression profiles associated with the transformation process were defined, one in which c-myc and genes regulated by c-myc showed increased expression and one in which these same genes showed decreased expression. Further, there was a striking difference in gene-expression profiles between transformed DLBCL and de novo DLBCL, because the gene-expression profile of transformed DLBCL was more similar to their antecedent FL than to de novo DLBCL. This study demonstrates that transformation from FL to DLBCL can occur by alternative pathways and that transformed DLBCL and de novo DLBCL have very different gene-expression profiles that may underlie the different clinical behaviors of these two types of morphologically similar lymphomas.
Digital control of dual-load LCLC resonant converters (2005)

The paper proposes the analysis, design and realisation of dual-output resonant LCLC converters with independent output regulation, employing a single power stage and combined PWM and frequency control. Asymmetric switching of the power devices is used to facilitate independent control of the outputs to provide +5 V and +3.3 V from a 15 V-20 V input supply over a range of load conditions.
Validating and Verifying Knowledge-Based Systems (1991)

This collection of previously published papers brings together state-of-the-art developments in expert system testing. The volume is separated into five chapters on expert system validation, knowledge base verification, development and evaluation, case studies and tools, and general topics. The pape
Excess solubility of oxygen in silicon during steam oxidation (1982)

1 8O was introduced into float-zone Si wafers during oxidation in H2 18O at temperatures from 600–1240 °C, and the 18O concentration profiles were measured by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The oxygen solubility, as determined from the surface 18O concentrations, was found to be significantly higher in as-oxidized wafers than in post-oxidation annealed wafers. The temperature dependence of the as-oxidized solubility, Sox, can be described by Sox(T)=1.2×1020 cm−3 exp(−0.67 eV/kT), with a higher activation energy of 1.02 eV for the equilibrium solubility. These results are compared with other published oxygen solubility determinations.
Electronic Transport via Proteins (2014)

A central vision in molecular electronics is the creation of devices with functional molecular components that may provide unique properties. Proteins are attractive candidates for this purpose, as they have specific physical (optical, electrical) and chemical (selective binding, self-assembly) functions and offer a myriad of possibilities for (bio-)chemical modification. This Progress Report focuses on proteins as potential building components for future bioelectronic devices as they are quite efficient electronic conductors, compared with saturated organic molecules. The report addresses several questions: how general is this behavior; how does protein conduction compare with that of saturated and conjugated molecules; and what mechanisms enable efficient conduction across these large molecules? To answer these questions results of nanometer-scale and macroscopic electronic transport measurements across a range of organic molecules and proteins are compiled and analyzed, from single/few molecules to large molecular ensembles, and the influence of measurement methods on the results is considered. Generalizing, it is found that proteins conduct better than saturated molecules, and somewhat poorer than conjugated molecules. Significantly, the presence of cofactors (redox-active or conjugated) in the protein enhances their conduction, but without an obvious advantage for natural electron transfer proteins. Most likely, the conduction mechanisms are hopping (at higher temperatures) and tunneling (below ca. 150-200 K).
Wide-band, low-noise, matched-impedance amplifiers in submicrometer MOS technology (1987)

Circuit design techniques for realizing wideband, low-noise, matched-impedance amplifiers in submicrometer MOS technology are discussed. A circuit configuration with two feedback loops has been fabricated in an experimental 1-/spl mu/m NMOS technology. The fabricated amplifier has an insertion gain of 16.35 dB, a -3-dB bandwidth of 758 MHz, a maximum input voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR) of 2.45, a maximum output VSWR of 1.60, and an average noise figure of 6.7 dB (with reference to a 50-/spl mu/m source resistance) from 10 to 758 MHz.
Functionally significant SNP MMP8 promoter haplotypes and preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) (2004)

Matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), an enzyme that degrades fibrillar collagens imparting strength to the fetal membranes, is expressed by leukocytes and chorionic cytotrophoblast cells. We identified three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at -799C/T, -381A/G and +17C/G from the major transcription start site in the MMP8 gene, and determined the functional significance of these SNPs by analyzing their impact upon MMP8 promoter activity and their association with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The minor alleles +17 (G) and -381 (G) were in complete linkage disequilibrium. A promoter fragment containing the three minor alleles had 3-fold greater activity in chorion-like trophoblast cells (BeWo, JEG-3 and HTR-8/SVneo) compared with the major allele promoter construct. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed differences in BeWo nuclear protein binding to oligonucleotides representing the -381 and -799 SNPs, suggesting that the minor alleles have reduced transcription factor binding. A case-control study of African-American neonates using allele-specific primers revealed a statistically significant association between the three minor allele haplotype, which displays the highest MMP8 promoter activity in trophoblast cells, with PPROM with an odds ratio (OR) of 4.63 (P < 0.0001), whereas the major allele promoter appeared to be protective (OR = 0.52, P < 0.0002). None of the minor alleles were individually associated with PPROM. These findings demonstrate the functional significance of SNP haplotypes in the MMP8 gene and associations with obstetrical outcomes.
Design of human symbiotic robot TWENDY-ONE (2009)

In this paper, we propose a sophisticated design of human symbiotic robots that provide physical supports to the elderly such as attendant care with high-power and kitchen supports with dexterity while securing contact safety even if physical contact occurs with them. First of all, we made clear functional requirements for such a new generation robot, amounting to fifteen items to consolidate five significant functions such as ldquosafetyrdquo, ldquofriendlinessrdquo, ldquodexterityrdquo, ldquohigh-powerrdquo and ldquomobilityrdquo. In addition, we set task scenes in daily life where support by robot is useful for old women living alone, in order to deduce specifications for the robot. Based on them, we successfully developed a new generation of human symbiotic robot, TWENDY-ONE that has a head, trunk, dual arms with a compact passive mechanism, anthropomorphic dual hands with mechanical softness in joints and skins and an omni-wheeled vehicle. Evaluation experiments focusing on attendant care and kitchen supports using TWENDY-ONE indicate that this new robot will be extremely useful to enhance quality of life for the elderly in the near future where human and robot co-exist.
A model of dynamic auditory perception and its application to robust speech recognition (2002)

This paper derives a non-linear model of dynamic auditory perception. The model consists of a linear filter bank with carefully-parameterized logarithmic additive adaptation after each filter output. An extensive series of perceptual forward masking experiments, together with previously reported forward masking data, determine the model's dynamic parameters. The model's prediction error of forward masking data has a standard deviation of less than 3.3 dB across wide ranging frequencies, input levels, and probe delay times. We present an initial evaluation of the dynamic model as a front end for an isolated word recognition system, and show an improvement in the robustness to background noise when compared to MFCC and LPCC front ends.
Synthesis of Ovalicin Starting from <scp>d</scp>-Mannose (2005)

[reaction: see text] A new synthesis of epoxyketone 22 is described that is a key intermediate in Barton's synthesis of ovalicin (2), a powerful anti-angiogenetic inhibitor. The key process for the construction of 22 was ring-closing metathesis of olefins 11 and 12 obtained from 2,3:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-alpha-D-mannofuranose (4) and regioselective desilylation of tri-TES ether 19. Furthermore, an alternative stereoselective route from 22 into 2 has also been developed, and the overall yield of 2 from 4 was 10.0%.
The <i>C9orf72</i> GGGGCC Repeat Is Translated into Aggregating Dipeptide-Repeat Proteins in FTLD/ALS (2013)

Expansion of a GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat upstream of the C9orf72 coding region is the most common cause of familial frontotemporal lobar degeneration and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FTLD/ALS), but the pathomechanisms involved are unknown. As in other FTLD/ALS variants, characteristic intracellular inclusions of misfolded proteins define C9orf72 pathology, but the core proteins of the majority of inclusions are still unknown. Here, we found that most of these characteristic inclusions contain poly-(Gly-Ala) and, to a lesser extent, poly-(Gly-Pro) and poly-(Gly-Arg) dipeptide-repeat proteins presumably generated by non-ATG-initiated translation from the expanded GGGGCC repeat in three reading frames. These findings directly link the FTLD/ALS-associated genetic mutation to the predominant pathology in patients with C9orf72 hexanucleotide expansion.
In vitro susceptibility of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> isolated from farm animals to growth‐enhancing antibiotics (1993)

Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) determinations were carried out with seven growth-enhancing antibiotics against 95 Clostridium perfringens field isolates obtained during 1991 and 1992 from poultry, pigs and calves. All were resistant to 64 micrograms ml-1 of the bambermycin antibiotic, flavomycin (flavophospholipol) and susceptible to avoparcin (MIC90 0.25 micrograms ml-1), avilamycin (MIC90 0.5 micrograms ml-1) and salinomycin (MIC90 < or = 0.12 micrograms ml-1). Acquired resistance against bacitracin was detected in some isolates from poultry and bovines and resistance to tylosin and virginiamycin in some strains from all species investigated. Overall, the prevalence of resistance was comparable to the low levels recorded in 1979 in Cl. perfringens isolates from the same animal host species.
The reliability of lung crackle characteristics in cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis patients in a clinical setting (2009)

Lung sounds provide useful information for assessing and monitoring respiratory patients, but standard auscultation is subjective. Computer aided lung sound analysis (CALSA) enables the quantification and characterisation of added lung sounds (e.g. crackles). At present, little is known about the reliability of these sound characteristics. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the reliability of crackle initial deflection width (IDW) and two-cycle deflection (2CD) in a clinical population. Fifty-four subjects (37 bronchiectasis, 17 cystic fibrosis) were recruited from out-patient clinics. Three repeated lung sound recordings were taken at seven anatomical sites with a digital stethoscope connected to a laptop computer. The intra-subject reliability of crackle IDW and 2CD was found to be 'good' to 'excellent', estimated by the analysis of variance, intraclass correlation coefficient (IDW 0.76;0.85, 2CD 0.83;0.94), Bland and Altman 95% limits of agreement (IDW -0.50;0.47 ms, 2CD -2.12;1.87 ms) and smallest real difference (IDW 0.30;0.66 ms, 2CD 1.57;2.42 ms). Crackle 2CD was found to be more reliable than IDW. It is concluded that crackle IDW and 2CD characterized by CALSA have good test-retest reliability. This technique requires further evaluation since CALSA has potential to diagnose or monitor respiratory conditions, and provide an objective physiological measure for respiratory interventions.