gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Centimeter-Scale Surface Interactions Using Hydrodynamic Flow Confinements (2016)

We present a device and method for selective chemical interactions with immersed substrates at the centimeter-scale. Our implementations enable both, sequential and simultaneous delivery of multiple reagents to a substrate, as well as the creation of gradients of reagents on surfaces. The method is based on localizing submicroliter volumes of liquids on an immersed surface with a microfluidic probe (MFP) using a principle termed hydrodynamic flow confinement (HFC). We here show spatially defined, multiplexed surface interactions while benefiting from the probe capabilities such as non-contact scanning operation and convection-enhanced reaction kinetics. Three-layer glass-Si-glass probes were developed to implement slit-aperture and aperture-array designs. Analytical and numerical analysis helped to establish probe designs and operating parameters. Using these probes, we performed immunohistochemical analysis on individual cores of a human breast-cancer tissue microarray. We applied α-p53 antibodies on a 2 mm diameter core within 2.5 min using a slit-aperture probe (HFC dimension: 0.3 mm × 1.2 mm). Further, multiplexed treatment of a tissue core with α-p53 and α-β-actin antibodies was performed using four adjacent HFCs created with an aperture-array probe (HFC dimension: 4 × 0.3 mm × 0.25 mm). The ability of these devices and methods to perform multiplexed assays, present sequentially different liquids on surfaces, and interact with surfaces at the centimeter-scale will likely spur new and efficient surface assays.
Painful Peripheral Neuropathy and Cancer (2017)

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is very prevalent in cancer patients and a leading cause of pain related to cancer. However, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms vary significantly. Peripheral neuropathy can be a direct or an indirect complication of cancer or cancer-related treatment, or a pre-existing comorbidity not related to cancer. PN might also occur as a paraneoplastic neurological syndrome. Such syndromes are immune-mediated manifestations that usually precede the diagnosis of cancer or cancer's relapse. Pain is very prevalent in paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathies and, therefore, merits attention.
Surface pattern and large low-field magnetoresistance in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 films (1999)

Formation of an ordered surface structure in La0.5Ca0.5MnO3 films due to the mismatch of the thermal expansion coefficient between the film and the substrate has been investigated. The surface pattern consists of grain chains located on regular orthogonal cracks. The cracks serve as weak-link grain boundaries, and unusually enhanced low-field magnetoresistance (−14.4% in 400 Oe at 90 K) has been observed, which may be explained by spin-polarized tunneling across the grain boundaries.
Semi-Supervised Word Sense Disambiguation Using Word Embeddings in General and Specific Domains (2015)

One of the weaknesses of current supervised word sense disambiguation (WSD) systems is that they only treat a word as a discrete entity. However, a continuous-space representation of words (word embeddings) can provide valuable information and thus improve generalization accuracy. Since word embeddings are typically obtained from unlabeled data using unsupervised methods, this method can be seen as a semi-supervised word sense disambiguation approach. This paper investigates two ways of incorporating word embeddings in a word sense disambiguation setting and evaluates these two methods on some SensEval/SemEval lexical sample and all-words tasks and also a domain-specific lexical sample task. The obtained results show that such representations consistently improve the accuracy of the selected supervised WSD system. Moreover, our experiments on a domainspecific dataset show that our supervised baseline system beats the best knowledge-based systems by a large margin.
556 THE EFFECTS OF ECCENTRIC EXERCISE ON INSULIN MEDIATED WHOLE BODY GLUCOSE DISPOSAL (1993)

Kirwan, John P. (FACSM); Kohrt, W. M.; Hickner, R. C.; Yarasheski, K. E.; Wiethop, B. V.; Holloszy, J. O. (FACSM) Author Information
In Vitro Induction and In Vivo Engraftment of Lung Bud Tip Progenitor Cells Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2017)

The current study aimed to understand the developmental mechanisms regulating bud tip progenitor cells in the human fetal lung, which are present during branching morphogenesis, and to use this information to induce a bud tip progenitor-like population from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. We identified cues that maintained isolated human fetal lung epithelial bud tip progenitor cells in vitro and induced three-dimensional hPSC-derived organoids with bud tip-like domains. Bud tip-like domains could be isolated, expanded, and maintained as a nearly homogeneous population. Molecular and cellular comparisons revealed that hPSC-derived bud tip-like cells are highly similar to native lung bud tip progenitors. hPSC-derived epithelial bud tip-like structures survived in vitro for over 16 weeks, could be easily frozen and thawed, maintained multilineage potential, and successfully engrafted into the airways of immunocompromised mouse lungs, where they persisted for up to 6 weeks and gave rise to several lung epithelial lineages.
Enzyme Immunoassay: A Review (1979)

In the last few years, the use of enzyme labels in immunoassays has been investigated. The aim of this review is to evaluate critically the role of such labels in clinical biochemistry. Special attention has been given to the problems involved in preparing enzyme labels and the ways in which such labels can be used in a variety of heterogeneous and homogeneous assay systems.
Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization as Sole Therapy in Coronary Disease (1999)

This prospective study evaluated the medium-term efficacy of transmyocardial laser revascularization as the sole therapy in patients with ischemic heart disease. A carbon dioxide laser was used to create channels through ischemic areas of the myocardium in 33 patients with a mean age of 58.8 ± 10.4 years. The mean left ventricular ejection fraction determined by echocardiography was 44.8% ± 14%. Preoperatively, the patients underwent coronary artery angiography, single photon emission computed tomography perfusion scans, and positron emission tomography metabolism scans to determine the extent and severity of ischemia and myocardial viability. Total follow-up of 327 patient-months was obtained for 26 patients with a mean follow-up of 12.6 ± 9 months. The scans were repeated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. The perioperative mortality was 9% due to ventricular fibrillation. Morbidity was minimal. The number of perfusion defects decreased significantly after treatment and there was a significant increase in myocardial viability in the treated left ventricular free wall. The success rate, defined as a decrease of 2 angina classes, was approximately 80% during the follow-up, reflected in a significant decrease in the number of admissions for angina in the year after the procedure (mean, 0.5 ± 0.4) compared with the previous year (mean, 2 ± 1.1) and in decreased use of antianginal medications.
Quantitation of circumferential subpixel vessel wall position and wall shear stress by multiple sectored three‐dimensional paraboloid modeling of velocity encoded cine MR (1998)

Methods are lacking for accurate, noninvasive circumferential edge detection and wall shear stress calculation. Using standard MR phase contrast sequences, parts of the velocity profiles were fitted to a multiple sectored three-dimensional paraboloid model enabling exact calculation of vessel wall position and wall shear stress in 24 locations evenly distributed around the luminal vessel wall. The model was evaluated by in vitro scans and computer simulations and applied to the common carotid artery of humans. In vitro, the luminal area of a glass tube was assessed with an error of 0.9%. Computer simulations of peak systolic data revealed errors of +/-0.9% (vessel area) and +/-3.25% (wall shear stress). The in vivo results showed substantial difference between anterior and posterior wall shear stress values due to skewed velocity profiles. A new noninvasive method for highly accurate measurement of circumferential subpixel vessel wall position and wall shear stress has been developed.
A Low-Power Incremental Delta–Sigma ADC for CMOS Image Sensors (2015)

This brief presents a second-order incremental delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for CMOS image sensors (CISs). The ADC that employs a cascade of integrators with a feedforward architecture uses only one operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) by sharing the OTA between the first and second stages of the modulator. Further power and area savings are achieved by using a self-biasing amplifier and the proposed level-shifting technology, which allows active signal summation at the quantizer input node without using an additional OTA. Fabricated in the 0.18-μm CIS process, the 10-bit ADC occupies a die area of 0.002 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 29.5 μW from a 1.8-V supply. The measured differential nonlinearity and integral nonlinearity are less than +0.22/-0.2 and +0.71/-0.89 LSB, respectively. Operating at 20 MS/s, the ADC provides signal-to-noise-distortion ratios of 57.7 and 62.3 dB for signal bandwidths of 156.25 and 78.125 kHz, respectively.
The Conversion of MARC Metadata For Online Visual Resource Collections: A Case Study of Tactics, Challenges and Results (2014)

With most library resources having been cataloged in MARC format for over half a century now, a great deal of legacy metadata exists in this format, while at the same time it is slowly being replaced by more current and technologically advanced metadata formats. Originally created for the purpose of cataloging print materials, many users are now finding the
Silicon-on-silicon integration of a GSM transceiver with VCO resonator (2002)

Accurate and spurious-free design of an integrated VCO resonator in a GSM transceiver is demonstrated. The high-Q inductor (Q=60 at 1 GHz) in the resonator is on a high-resistivity silicon substrate and the GSM chip is flip-chip mounted on the same substrate. The VCO meets all GSM requirements: phase noise is-142 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz from the 1018 MHz center frequency. A single bipolar chip contains the RF transmit, receive, and synthesizer subsections for the GSM standard. The addition of an external low-noise amplifier, power amplifier, and filters complete the GSM radio section. A number of inductors and capacitors are integrated onto the chip. Many of the passive components needed to operate the transceiver, however, are poor candidates for on-chip integration either because their values are too large or because they have stringent quality factor (Q) requirements.
Continuous production of piezoelectric PVDF fibre for e-textile applications (2013)

Polymers have been widely used as piezoelectric materials in the form of films and bulk materials but there are limited publications on piezoelectric fibre structures. In this paper the process of preparing piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibres from granules by continuous melt extrusion and in-line poling is reported for the first time. The poling of PVDF fibres was carried out at an extension ratio of 4:1, a temperature of 80 C and a high voltage of the order of 13 000 V on a 0.5 mm diameter fibre in a melt extruder. The entire process of making PVDF fibres from granules and poling them to make piezoelectric fibres was carried out in a continuous process using a customized melt extruder. The prepared piezoelectric fibres were then tested using an impact test rig to show the generation of voltage upon application of an impact load. PVDF granules, unpoled fibres and poled fibres were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) which showed the presence of phase in the poled fibres. The ultimate tensile stress and strain, Young’s modulus and microstructures of poled and unpoled fibres were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Treshold voltage modulation in FinFET devices through Arsenic Ion Implantation into TiN/HfSiON gate stack (2007)

We have demonstrated NMOS FinFET devices with a Vt of 0.33V through As implantation into TiN. The method allows for multiple Vt FinFET devices with Vt's of 0.33V, 0.55V (NMOS) and -0.35V (PMOS) through just one As implantation step into lOnm TiN. The NMOS Vt can be further modulated by adjusting the As implantation dose. Further optimization of the cap, implantation and annealing conditions will be needed to keep the implantation damage away from the gate dielectric.
β3‐Integrin mediates satellite cell differentiation in regenerating mouse muscle (2011)

Skeletal muscle satellite cells can sense various forms of environmental cues and initiate coordinated signaling that activates myogenesis. Although this process involves cellular membrane receptor integrins, the role of integrins in myogenesis is not well defined. Here, we report a regulatory role of β3-integrin, which was previously thought not expressed in muscle, in the initiation of satellite cell differentiation. Undetected in normal muscle, β3-integrin expression in mouse hindlimb muscles is induced dramatically from 1 to 3 d after injury by cardiotoxin. The source of β3-integrin expression is found to be activated satellite cells. Proliferating C2C12 myoblasts also express β3-integrin, which is further up-regulated transiently on differentiation. Knockdown of β3-integrin expression attenuates Rac1 activity, impairs myogenic gene expression, and disrupts focal adhesion formation and actin organization, resulting in impaired myoblast migration and myotube formation. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active Rac1 rescues myotube formation. In addition, a β3-integrin-neutralizing antibody similarly blocked myotube formation. Comparing with wild-type littermates, myogenic gene expression and muscle regeneration in cardiotoxin-injured β3-integrin-null mice are impaired, as indicated by depressed expression of myogenic markers and morphological disparities. Thus, β3-integrin is a mediator of satellite cell differentiation in regenerating muscle.
Virtual sensors based on recurrent neural networks and the extended Kalman filter (2002)

Addresses the problem of generating a neural-network based virtual sensor particularly in circumstances where the available information is insufficient to train a neural network. An approach is proposed that involves the modeling of an alternative relationship and an a priori knowledge from which the unmeasured variable may be determined. To effect this, a recurrent neural network is trained that predicts a measurable variable. Furthermore, a mathematical relationship that determines the unmeasured variable based on the prediction and a knowledge from the physical insight is established. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is adopted to estimate the unmeasured variable online. A simulation model of a process analyzer, whose purpose is to estimate ammonium concentration in wastewater, is considered to demonstrate the approach. The estimation of the ammonium concentration is based on the prediction error between the output of an off-line trained recurrent network and a measured ammonia concentration. Furthermore, a knowledge about the relationship between the unmeasured and measured input variables with regard to their effect on the output variable is incorporated in the estimation algorithm. A calibration procedure is carried out to gain training data for the neural network.
Spectrally Efficient Enhanced-Performance Bidirectional Coherent PON With Laserless 10  Gb/s ONU [Invited] (2015)

We present and experimentally characterize a spectrally efficient, bidirectional, ultradense wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (PON) (2×120  Gb/s at 50 GHz) over 30 km standard single-mode fiber. This is achieved using a 4 GHz grid with partial spectrum overlapping, Nyquist-shaped 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation, and digital frequency shifting. This scheme is based on a laserless, self-homodyne PON with centralized wavelength control. We achieve reduced impact of the Rayleigh back-scattering effect due to Nyquist-pulse shaping and frequency upshifting. Self-homodyne detection relaxes the laser linewidth requirement and digital signal processing complexity at the optical network unit. To demonstrate the extra benefit of the proposed PON system, we also experimentally and theoretically evaluate the impact of nonlinear Raman crosstalk in video overlay. Compared to a baseband Nyquist signal and baud rate non-return-to-zero equivalent, the proposed system improves the carrier-to-Raman crosstalk ratio of video overlay by 4 and 6 dB, respectively.
Smart sensor networks for robotic sensor skins (1997)

Data acquisition and data fusion of large numbers of sensors present unique challenges for control systems designers and applications engineers alike. In recent years the sensors industry has been moving towards the use of smart sensors, fieldbus networks, and localized smart processes. Merritt Systems Inc. of Rockledge, Florida, has been in the forefront of these developments since 1987 when it started pursuing the development of large sensor networks for robotic obstacle avoidance. As a result of this work a number of unique smart sensors and network technologies have been developed which have a wide range of applications beyond robotics. These include: one of industry’s first smart sensors, smart sensor networks, PC‐based data acquisition and control systems, and novel robotic modelling and motion planning algorithms. Whenever large networks of sensors with mixed sensing media are used, this technology has far‐reaching applications to industry and the research community.
Morphological patterns of primary nonendocrine human pancreas carcinoma. (1975)

The study of histological sections of 406 cases of nonendocrine pancreas carcinoma at Memorial Hospital indicated that morphological patterns of pancreas carcinoma could be delineated as follows: duct cell adenocarcinoma (76%), giant-cell carcinoma (5%), microadenocarcinoma (4%), adenosquamous cancinoma (4%), mucinous adenocarcinoma (2%), anaplastic carcinoma (2%), cystadenocarcinoma (1%), acinar cell carcinoma (1%), carcinoma in childhood (under 1%), unclassified (7%). In 195 cases of patients with pancreas carcinoma, search was made for changes in the pancreas duct epithelium and these were compared to duct epithelium in a control group of 100 pancreases from autopsies of patients with nonpancreatic cancer. The following incidences were found for pancreas cancer and nonpancreatic cancer, respectively: mucous cell hypertrophy, 39 versus 28%; pyloric gland metaplasia, 28 and 17%; epidermoid metaplasia, 6 and 12%; papillary hyperplasia, 42 and 12%; atypical duct hyperplasia, 14% and none; cancinoma in situ in 19% and none in the control group. Mucin in the majority of pancreas cancers suggested that the cell type of origin of the common pancreas cancer is the mucin-producing duct epithelium. The association of atypias and carcinomas in situ in the patients with pancreas carcinoma implies, by analogy to other organs, that there may be a significant latent period between the appearance of carcinoma in situ and the grossly recognizable pancreas cancer.
T cell-recruiting triplebody 19-3-19 mediates serial lysis of malignant B-lymphoid cells by a single T cell (2014)

Triplebody 19-3-19, an antibody-derived protein, carries three single chain fragment variable domains in tandem in a single polypeptide chain. 19-3-19 binds CD19-bearing lymphoid cells via its two distal domains and primary T cells via its CD3-targeting central domain in an antigen-specific manner. Here, malignant B-lymphoid cell lines and primary cells from patients with B cell malignancies were used as targets in cytotoxicity tests with pre-stimulated allogeneic T cells as effectors. 19-3-19 mediated up to 95 % specific lysis of CD19-positive tumor cells and, at picomolar EC₅₀ doses, had similar cytolytic potency as the clinically successful agent Blinatumomab. 19-3-19 activated resting T cells from healthy unrelated donors and mediated specific lysis of both autologous and allogeneic CD19-positive cells. 19-3-19 led to the elimination of 70 % of CD19-positive target cells even with resting T cells as effectors at an effector-to-target cell ratio of 1 : 10. The molecule is therefore capable of mediating serial lysis of target cells by a single T cell. These results highlight that central domains capable of engaging different immune effectors can be incorporated into the triplebody format to provide more individualized therapy tailored to a patient's specific immune status.
Static and Dynamic Performance of an Infinite Stiffness Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing (1977)

A novel form of variable hydrostatic restriction is proposed which will automatically achieve a high, infinite or negative static stiffness over a substantial load range. The restrictor is formed between the bearing body and a spring mounted conical plug. The steady state performance is analyzed and design curves presented which are valid for any cone angle from zero, i.e., fixed clearance, to 90 deg which is the normal diaphragm restrictor. The dynamic response to forced sinusoidal vibrations is examined in conventional vibration analysis form and it is found that the restrictor system may be designed to act as a vibration absorber.
Basic peptide protamine exerts antimicrobial activity against periodontopathic bacteria (2010)

Protamine was investigated for its antibacterial activity against the periodontal pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. We determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations of protamine and its hydrolysate and their bactericidal activity. Protamine inhibited the growth of all periodontopathic bacteria tested on agar plates. Protamine, which MIC was 6.3 × 10 -7 g L -1 , was most effective against P. gingivalis. The antibacterial effect of native protamine was higher than that of its hydrolysate. An ATP bioluminescence assay revealed that protamine showed bactericidal activity against P. gingivalis in a timedependent manner. These results indicate that protamine could be candidate peptide for prevention of P. gingivalis infection.
Risk estimation via weighted regression (2011)

In this paper we propose a method based on weighted regression for the estimation of risk in nested Monte Carlo simulation. The mean squared error (MSE) of a standard nested simulation converges at the rate k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2/3</sup> , where k is the computational budget. Similar to the regression method proposed in Broadie, Du, and Moallemi (2011b), the MSE of the proposed weighted regression method converges at the rate k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> until reaching an asymptotic bias level, which depends on the size of the regression error. However, the weighted approach further reduces MSE by emphasizing scenarios that are more important to the calculation of the risk measure. We find a globally optimal weighting strategy for general risk measures in an idealized setting. For applications, we propose and test a practically implementable two-pass method, where the first pass uses an unweighted regression and the second pass uses weights based on the first pass.