gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of chalcones isolated from licorice roots on leukotriene biosynthesis in human polymorphonuclear neutrophls (1988)

Abstract The effects of chalcones and flavanones isolated from Sinkiang Licorice ( Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat.) on leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) and C 4 (LTC 4 ) formation in human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) were investigated. Licochalcone A (2‐methoxy‐4,4′‐dihydroxy‐5‐α,α‐dimethyl‐allylchalcone) and licochalcone B (2‐methoxy‐3,4,4′‐trihydroxychalcone), at concentrations of 10 −3 to 10 −6 M, inhibited calcium ionophore A 23187 (A 23187)‐induced LTB 4 and LTC 4 formation in human PMNs. The concentration of licochalcones A required for 50% inhibition (LC 50 ) of LTB 4 and LTC 4 formation was 4.6 × 10 −7 and 4.2×10 −6 M, respectively, using 2 μM A 23187. The IC 50 values of licochalcone B for LTB 4 and LTC 4 formation were also 1.2 × 10 −6 and 2.0×10 −6 M, respectively. In addition, licochalcones A and B significantly increased cyclic AMP level in human PMNs at concentrations of 10 −4 to 10 −3 M. Licochalcones A and B were found to reduce the elevation of the cytosolic free calcium concentration induced by calcium ionomycine, dose‐dependently, in the presence of 1 mM Ca 2+ or 1 mM EGTA.
Efficient multiscale regularization with applications to the computation of optical flow (1994)

A new approach to regularization methods for image processing is introduced and developed using as a vehicle the problem of computing dense optical flow fields in an image sequence. The solution of the new problem formulation is computed with an efficient multiscale algorithm. Experiments on several image sequences demonstrate the substantial computational savings that can be achieved due to the fact that the algorithm is noniterative and in fact has a per pixel computational complexity that is independent of image size. The new approach also has a number of other important advantages. Specifically, multiresolution flow field estimates are available, allowing great flexibility in dealing with the tradeoff between resolution and accuracy. Multiscale error covariance information is also available, which is of considerable use in assessing the accuracy of the estimates. In particular, these error statistics can be used as the basis for a rational procedure for determining the spatially-varying optimal reconstruction resolution. Furthermore, if there are compelling reasons to insist upon a standard smoothness constraint, the new algorithm provides an excellent initialization for the iterative algorithms associated with the smoothness constraint problem formulation. Finally, the usefulness of the approach should extend to a wide variety of ill-posed inverse problems in which variational techniques seeking a "smooth" solution are generally used.
Capacity and Delay Analysis of Next-Generation Passive Optical Networks (NG-PONs) (2011)

Building on the Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) and Gigabit PON (GPON) standards, Next-Generation (NG) PONs (i) provide increased data rates, split ratios, wavelengths counts, and fiber lengths, as well as (ii) allow for all-optical integration of access and metro networks. In this paper we provide a comprehensive probabilistic analysis of the capacity (maximum mean packet throughput) and packet delay of subnetworks that can be used to form NG-PONs. Our analysis can cover a wide range of NG-PONs through taking the minimum capacity of the subnetworks forming the NG-PON and weighing the packet delays of the subnetworks. Our numerical and simulation results indicate that our analysis quite accurately characterizes the throughput-delay performance of EPON/GPON tree networks, including networks upgraded with higher data rates and wavelength counts. Our analysis also characterizes the trade-offs and bottlenecks when integrating EPON/GPON tree networks across a metro area with a ring, a Passive Star Coupler (PSC), or an Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG) for uniform and non-uniform traffic. To the best of our knowledge, the presented analysis is the first to consider multiple PONs interconnected via a metro network.
Therapeutic Potential and Clinical Efficacy of Acid-Resistant Fungal Lipase in the Treatment of Pancreatic Steatorrhoea due to Cystic Fibrosis (1992)

We investigated the therapeutic potential of an acid-resistant fungal lipase prepared from Aspergillus niger. We first demonstrated in vitro that it had a wide pH optimum of 2.5-5.5 and was resistant to pepsin and trypsin. We gave the enzyme or matching placebo in random order by mouth with a fatty meal to 10 adult patients with pancreatic steatorrhoea due to cystic fibrosis (CF) and sampled gastric contents for the following 2 h. Mean acid-resistant lipase activity was 330 nmol/ml/min free fatty acid released on placebo, compared with 896 nmol/ml/min on fungal lipase (p = 0.006 for area under the curve). We compared this lipase's clinical efficacy with that of two conventional pancreatin microsphere formulations in an open randomised crossover fat-balance study in 10 similar patients. Each preparation was given for 2 weeks, and a fat-balance study, using a faecal recovery marker, was performed on the final 3 days; a period without treatment was also included. The fungal lipase had no effect on faecal wet weight or on the coefficient of fat absorption (59.0% vs. 52.3%; NS) in comparison with placebo. The established enteric-coated microsphere preparation (Creon) produced a significant reduction in faecal wet weight and improvement in coefficient of fat absorption (81.4% vs. 52.3%; p less than 0.01) in comparison with placebo. The newer microsphere preparation (Pancrex M) was also effective, but perhaps less so than Creon; there were no significant differences between the two preparations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
General Geological Situation of Yunnan Observatory Base for Solar Observation at Laoyingdi on the Shore of Lake Fuxian (2008)

The area,where the Yunnan Observatory Base for the Solar Observation will be situated in the Xiaojiang Faulted Zone,is no misplaced outcrop.The strata of P2β–C around the base place constitute a syncline with the core of P2β basalt and limbs of P1 and C carbonatite,and there is no hiatus.The area is relatively stable with the small mass even if in the faulted zone.Because the strata are composed of dissoluble rocks the geologic hazards caused by dissolution should be paid attention to.The base place lies at faulted zone so that building resistanted to 8th earthquake magnitude is necessary.
A survey on performance modeling of IEEE 802.11 DCF in Power Save Mode (2013)

The IEEE 802.11 standard has a power save management algorithm for both infrastructure and Independent Basic Service Set (IBSS) mode. The standard design distributed coordination function (DCF) for channel access. The DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm. Several analytical models are presented for analysis of the IEEE 802.11 DCF to provide a better understanding of the research challenges. The analytical models are based on the IEEE 802.11 DCF for saturated and unsaturated traffic conditions. This paper presents detailed investigation of current analytical models of performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 DCF with Power Save Mode (PSM) and without PSM. The possible future research works in this field of research interests are also discussed, with an objective to explore new research interests in this field.
Lasers and holography (1981)

Accessible, illustrated introduction covers wave patterns and coherence, summarizes the development of lasers and the phenomenon of wave diffraction, and describes zone plates and properties of holograms. 1981 edition.
Chloroquine in Cancer Therapy: A Double-Edged Sword of Autophagy (2013)

Autophagy is a homeostatic cellular recycling system that is responsible for degrading damaged or unnecessary cellular organelles and proteins. Cancer cells are thought to use autophagy as a source of energy in the unfavorable metastatic environment, and a number of clinical trials are now revealing the promising role of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, as a novel antitumor drug. On the other hand, however, the kidneys are highly vulnerable to chemotherapeutic agents. Recent studies have shown that autophagy plays a protective role against acute kidney injury, including cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and thus, we suspect that the use of chloroquine in combination with anticancer drugs may exacerbate kidney damage. Moreover, organs in which autophagy also plays a homeostatic role, such as the neurons, liver, hematopoietic stem cells, and heart, may be sensitive to the combined use of chloroquine and anticancer drugs. Here, we summarize the functions of autophagy in cancer and kidney injury, especially focusing on the use of chloroquine to treat cancer, and address the possible side effects in the combined use of chloroquine and anticancer drugs.
The Relationship Between Seismic Velocity and Radioactive Heat Production in Crustal Rocks: An Exponential Law (1979)

In crystalline rocks seismic velocity V p and density ρ increase, whereas radioactive heat production A decreases from acidic to basic compositions. From the velocity-density systematics for crustal rocks at different pressures an empirical A(V p ) relationship has been derived for the range 5.0–8.0 km/sec which follows the exponential law: A(V p ) = a exp (- bV p ), where the numerical factors a and b depend on in situ pressure. A graph is given by means of which the heat production distribution A(z) can be obtained for any given V p (z) structure.
Interaction of Polylysine with the Cellular Receptor for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1988)

We earlier reported that neomycin blocked reversibly the binding of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to the receptor of BHK cells, while the binding of HSV-2 to the receptor was unaffected. We could not determine whether the effect was on the virus particle, the receptor, or both. We have now tested several other cationic substances, and report that polylysine (and polyarginine) block the binding of HSV-1 to the receptor by interfering with the cellular receptor function; higher molecular weight polylysines were more potent than those of lower molecular weight. Polylysine and neomycin showed additive effects. In vitro, polylysine showed the same strong binding to the plasma membrane phosphoinositides as did neomycin. Together these data suggest that the drugs may have a common target in the cell membrane. The HSV-1 and HSV-2 virus particles were unaffected by the drugs, as was the cellular HSV-2 receptor.
Resistance to a non‐immunogenic tumor, induced by <i>Corynebacterium parvum</i> or <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i>, is abrogated by anti‐interferonγ (1990)

The complex processes that determine the outcome of the interaction of tumor and host were explored in the operationally simple and reproducible rat D-12 ascites tumor model. Animals exhibit weak spontaneous resistance against this tumor that is not augmented by repeated inoculation, by various routes, of irradiated syngeneic D-12 tumor cells, but considerably enhanced after local administration of heat-killed Corynebacterium parvum (CP) or Listeria monocytogenes (LM) organisms. Inoculation of conventional or monoclonal anti-rat IFN gamma antibodies into the same compartment did not affect spontaneous tumor resistance, but largely abrogated the tumor-protective effect triggered by CP or LM. Our findings support the concept that IFN gamma, produced by T cells in the course of the specific immune response raised against immunogenic micro-organisms, is able to enhance and to maintain local tumor resistance and thus to strengthen the capacity of the host to cope with a non-immunogenic tumor.
Requirements for advanced Year 2000 maintenance tools (1997)

Y2K tools for many of the languages used to build mission-critical systems are in short supply. Without sufficient support, Y2K conversion will be an unmanageable task. Advanced tools can help reduce the manual effort involved in addressing the Y2K problem. The article describes the general requirements for advanced Y2K maintenance tool support. The article reports what the authors have learned and are learning about the architecture, tools, and process requirements that will enable their tools to be rapidly adapted for Y2K maintenance across multiple languages. While they do not mean to suggest that automated support is a panacea, they do believe that the use of proper tools will save sophisticated organizations significant testing and verification effort. They hope to raise expectations for maintenance tools and thereby alleviate some of the pessimism currently surrounding the subject of Y2K maintenance.
Mesopancreatic Stromal Clearance Defines Curative Resection of Pancreatic Head Cancer and Can Be Predicted Preoperatively by Radiologic Parameters (2016)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by a strong fibrotic stromal reaction and diffuse growth pattern. Peritumoral fibrosis is often evident during surgery but only distinguishable from tumor by microscopic examination. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of clearance of fibrotic stromal reaction at the mesopancreatic resection margin as a criterion for radical resection and preoperative assessment of resectability.Mesopancreatic stromal clearance status (S-status) was defined as the presence or absence (S+/S0) of fibrotic stromal reaction at the mesopancreatic resection margin. Detailed retrospective clinicopathologic re-evaluation of margin status and preoperative cross-sectional imaging was performed in a cohort of 91 patients operated for pancreatic head PDAC from 2001 to 2011.Conventional margin positive resection (R+, tumor cells directly at the margin) was found in 36%. However, S-status further divided the margin negative (R0) group into patients with median survival of 14 months versus 31 months (S+ versus S0, P = 0.005). Overall rate of S+ was 53%. S-status and lymph node ratio constituted the only independent predictors of survival. Stranding of the superior mesenteric artery fat sheath was the only independent radiologic predictor of S+ resection, and achieved a 71% correct prediction of S-status.Mesopancreatic stromal clearance is a major determinant of curative resection in PDAC, and preoperative prediction by cross-sectional imaging is possible, setting the basis for a new definition of borderline resectability.
Properties and uses of immobilized light-emitting enzyme systems from Beneckea harveyi. (1979)

Bacterial luciferase and NADH:FMN oxidoreductase have been immobilized onto arylamine glass beads. These immobilized enzymes can detect as little as 0.2 pmol of NADH per assay sample. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase has been co-immobilized with these enzymes, and with this system it is possible to quantitate 1 pmol of glucose 6-phosphate. By co-immobilizing a fourth enzyme, hexokinase, onto the glass beads, the system can reproducibly detect 20 pmol of glucose per liter. These immobilized enzyme systems are potentially superior to soluble enzymes by being reusable and much more stable. We compared the light-emitting properties of the immobilized enzyme systems with that of an equivalent mixture of the soluble enzymes. The most striking difference was the apparently more efficient conversion of NADH or glucose 6-phosphate to light by the immobilized enzymes. We used hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in developing a soluble coupled system for the assay of androsterone and testosterone. The lower limit of detection was 100 pmol.
Brain Areas Specific for Attentional Load in a Motion-Tracking Task (2001)

Although visual attention is known to modulate brain activity in the posterior parietal, prefrontal, and visual sensory areas, the unique roles of these areas in the control of attentional resources have remained unclear. Here, we report a dissociation in the response profiles of these areas. In a parametric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, subjects performed a covert motion-tracking task, in which we manipulated "attentional load" by varying the number of tracked balls. While strong effects of attention--independent of attentional load--were widespread, robust linear increases of brain activity with number of balls tracked were seen primarily in the posterior parietal areas, including the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and superior parietal lobule (SPL). Thus, variations in attentional load revealed different response profiles in sensory areas as compared to control areas. Our results suggest a general role for posterior parietal areas in the deployment of visual of attentional resources.
Music synthesis using real time digital techniques (1980)

Computer-controlled digital music synthesis will profoundly affect popular music in the next decade. This paper gives a brief historical account of music synthesis. The most important aspects of digital synthesis are described and compared with analog techniques. One way of achieving a practical digital musical instrument using currently available technology is presented. Both hardware and software aspects are considered.
A two-stage detector for hand detection in ego-centric videos (2016)

We propose a two-stage detector that can not only detect and localize hands, but also provide fine-detailed information in the bounding box of hand in an efficient fashion. In the first stage, hand bounding box proposals are generated from a pixel-level hand probability map. Next, each hand proposal is evaluated by a Multi-task Convolutional Neural Network to filter out false positives and obtain fine shape and landmark information. Through experiments, we demonstrate that our method is efficient and robust to detect hands with their shape and landmark information, and our system can also be flexibly combined with other detection methods to handle a new scene. Further experiment shows that our Multi-task CNN can also be extended to hand gesture classification with a large performance increase.
Determining the instantaneous axis of translation from optic flow generated by arbitrary sensor motion (1983)

This paper develops a simple and robust procedure for determining the instantaneous axis of translation from image sequences induced by unconstrained sensor motion. The procedure is based upon the fact that difference vectors at discontinuities in optic flow fields generated by sensor motion relative to a stationary environment are oriented along translational field lines. This is developed into a procedure consisting of three steps: (1) locally computing difference vectors from an optic flow field; (2) thresholding the difference vectors; and (3) minimizing the angles between the difference vector field and a set of radial field lines which correspond to a particular translational axis. This method does not require a priori knowledge about sensor motion or distances in the environment. The necessary environmental constraints are rigidity and sufficient variation in depth along visual directions to endow the flow field with discontinuities. The method has been successfully applied to noisy, sparse, and low resolution flow fields generated from real world image sequences.
Correction: MiR-26a Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer through Repression of MCL-1 (2013)

Breast cancer is the most commonly malignancies in women. MicroRNAs are a family of small non-coding RNAs 18-25 nucleotides in length that post-transcriptionally modulate gene expression. MiR-26a has been reported as a tumor suppressor microRNA in breast cancer, which is attributed mainly to targeting of MTDH and EZH2, however, the expression profile and therapeutic potential of miR-26a is still unclear. Here we demonstrate that miR-26a is down-regulated in breast cancer cells and clinical specimens and its modulation in breast cancer cells regulates cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and apoptosis. MCL-1, an anti-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, as novel targets of miR-26a was found to be in reverse correlation with ectopic expression of miR-26a and knockdown of MCL-1 phenocopied the effect of miR-26a in breast cancer cell lines. It was further explored that miR-26a increased sensitivity of breast cancer cells to paclitaxel in which MCL-1 was involved. Thus, miR-26a impacts on cell proliferation and migration of breast cancer by regulating several carcinogenesis-related processes, including a novel mechanism involving the targeting of MCL-1.
A bandwidth extrapolation technique for improved range resolution of polarimetric radar data (2004)

Radar resolution is limited in range by its bandwidth. One of the various super-resolution techniques for improving resolution is bandwidth extrapolation (BWE). In this paper, the concept of BWE is extended, and a new algorithm called polarimetric bandwidth extrapolation (PBWE), applicable to polarimetric radar data, is proposed. It is shown through simulations that utilization of full polarization information allows PBWE to improve the resolution beyond the conventional BWE method.
Eating Disorder Pathology in Adolescents Participating in a Lifestyle Intervention for Obesity: Associations with Weight Change, General Psychopathology and Health-Related Quality of Life (2013)

The large overlap, mutual interaction, and high burden of eating and weight problems in children and adolescents underpin the need for an integrated view in both prevention and treatment approaches in pediatric obesity.
Toward a Pharmacophore for Drugs Inducing the Long QT Syndrome:  Insights from a CoMFA Study of HERG K<sup>+</sup> Channel Blockers (2002)

In this paper, we present a pharmacophore for QT-prolonging drugs, along with a 3D QSAR (CoMFA) study for a series of very structurally variegate HERG K(+) channel blockers. The blockade of HERG K(+) channels is one of the most important molecular mechanisms through which QT-prolonging drugs increase cardiac action potential duration. Since QT prolongation is one of the most undesirable side effects of drugs, we first tried to identify the minimum set of molecular features responsible for this action and then we attempted to develop a quantitative model correlating the 3D stereoelectronic characteristics of the molecules with their HERG blocking potency. Having considered an initial set of 31 QT-prolonging drugs for which the HERG K(+) channel blocking activity was measured on mammalian transfected cells, we started the construction of a theoretical screening tool able to predict whether a new molecule can interact with the HERG channel and eventually induce the long QT syndrome. This in silico tool might be useful in the design of new drug candidates devoid of the physicochemical features likely to cause the above-mentioned side effect.
Enhanced Packet Scheduling Algorithm Providing QoS in High Speed Downlink Packet Access (2006)

In high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), packet scheduler is a key element for high-speed and efficient transmissions. In this paper, we propose an enhanced packet scheduling algorithm which computes the priority according to the proportional fair algorithm. That is, for users to need hybrid ARQ retransmission in case of erroneous packets, the priority of the proportional fair algorithm is elegantly modified to reduce the transfer delay without degradation of system throughput.