gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modifications of myelin basic protein in DM20 transgenic mice are similar to those in myelin basic protein from multiple sclerosis. (1996)

Transgenic mice containing different numbers of transgenes (2-70) of the myelin proteolipid protein DM20 were phenotypically normal up to 3 mo of age, after which the mice containing 70 copies of the transgene spontaneously demyelinated and died at 10-12 mo. Since we demonstrated that demyelination in multiple sclerosis involved specific chemical changes in myelin basic protein (MBP), we investigated the MBP in our transgenic line for similar changes. Both the total amount of MBP in brain and the MBP mRNA levels were unaffected at the different ages. All the isoforms (14-21 kD) of MBP were present, but the microheterogeneity (a posttranslational event) was changed resulting in a higher proportion of the less cationic components reminiscent of the changes in MBP found in multiple sclerosis. An increased amount of the citrullinated form of MBP was found by Western blot analysis. Immunogold labeling of cryosections of brain revealed a greater density of particles with the anticitrulline antibody at 10 mo and that the levels of peptidylarginine deiminase (which deiminates protein-bound arginine to citrulline) were increased. This stable transgenic line represents a useful animal model for the human disease multiple sclerosis.
Capacity of MIMO Channels With Antenna Selection (2007)

This correspondence studies the capacity of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) channels in the presence of antenna selection. Antenna selection reduces the complexity of the radio devices and requires only a small amount of channel state feedback. For high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we define excess rate as the constant term in the expansion of the ergodic capacity in terms of SNR. It is shown that this value is representative of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. The asymptotic behavior of the excess rate is then analyzed for three cases: complete CSI, no CSI, and partial CSI at transmitter (antenna selection). While water-filling provides a excess rate that increases logarithmically in M (the number of transmit antennas), the excess rate of transmit antenna selection behaves only like log(log M). For the low SNR case, we use the concept of channel gain, a measure introduced by Verdu. We show that channel gain for antenna selection increases only logarithmically in M as opposed to water-filling channel gain which increases linearly in M. The same techniques are also applied to the receive selection, and corresponding results are noted in high- and low-SNR regimes. The methodology developed in this correspondence, although motivated by antenna selection, is fairly general and can be used for any system where partial CSI is available at the MIMO transmitter.
Basic Characteristics of Cycloconverter for Linking Commercial and High-Frequency Distribution Lines (1987)

A new method to improve the power factor and current waveform on the commercial ac system is proposed. The frequency of a local distribution line in a factory or a chemical plant is made high, up to about 500 Hz. The local distribution line is linked directly to the commercial line by using a cycloconverter operating in circulating current mode. Quasi-sinusoidal current with unity displacement factor is realized on the commercial line side regardless of the consumed power by loads. The system configuration and the basic principle of operation of the cycloconverter for linking both lines are described. The influence of system parameters on the operation limit is investigated based on the power equilibrium constraints. Experimental results obtained in the 5.2KVA laboratory system show the validity of the proposed system.
The Effects of Phosphate and Bicarbonate-Phosphate Additions to Dietary Sugar on Caries and on the Formation of Renal and Dental Calculus in Rats (1970)

Four per cent of the sucrose component of a cariogenic diet of the 580 type was replaced by a combination of Na2HPO4 + NaH2PO4 + KH2PO4 (mole ratios 4.65/0.52/1.00, respectively) or with NaHCO3 + KH2PO4 (mole ratio 9.82/1). The same combinations were also used to replace 4% of the sucrose component of the modified diet of the 2000 type. Osborne-Mendel rats were fed the former experimental and control diets and Sprague-Dawley rats the latter, for 60 days in each case. The alkali phosphate combination reduced caries more effectively than the bicarbonate-phosphate supplement. However, the former combination increased the formation of the dental calculus more than the latter. The alkali phosphate addition caused formation of renal calculi, especially in the former experiment, whilst no renal calcification was found in association with the bicarbonate-phosphate addition.
Etched-mirror unstable-resonator semiconductor lasers (1985)

The operation and performance of the first etched-mirror high-loss (ray unstable) semiconductor diode lasers are reported and discussed. This is an alternate approach to conventional plane-parallel stripe geometry diode lasers or monolithic laser arrays for obtaining improved mode control and higher power.
Influence of Particle Size Distribution on the Performance of Ionic Liquid-based Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (2016)

Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) employing ionic liquid electrolytes are the subject of much research as they promise increased operating potentials, and hence energy densities, when compared with currently available devices. Herein we report on the influence of the particle size distribution of activated carbon material on the performance of ionic liquid based EDLCs. Mesoporous activated carbon was ball-milled for increasing durations and the resultant powders characterized physically (using laser diffraction, nitrogen sorption and SEM) and investigated electrochemically in the form of composite EDLC electrodes. A bi-modal particle size distribution was found for all materials demonstrating an increasing fraction of smaller particles with increased milling duration. In general, cell capacitance decreased with increased milling duration over a wide range of rates using CV and galvanostatic cycling. Reduced coulombic efficiency is observed at low rates (<25 mVs(-1)) and the efficiency decreases as the volume fraction of the smaller particles increases. Efficiency loss was attributed to side reactions, particularly electrolyte decomposition, arising from interactions with the smaller particles. The effect of reduced efficiency is confirmed by cycling for over 15,000 cycles, which has the important implication that diminished performance and reduced cycle life is caused by the presence of submicron-sized particles.
Spectral narrowing of solid state lasers by narrow-band PTR Bragg mirrors (2006)

Dramatic spectral narrowing of normally broad band lasers, Ti:Sapphire,Cr:LiSAF, and alexandrite was achieved by simply replacing the output mirror with a reflective, volumetric Bragg grating recorded in photo thermal refractive (PTR) glass. The output power of each laser was changed very slightly from that obtained using dielectric coated output mirrors with the same output coupling as the Bragg grating while spectral brightness increased by about three orders of magnitude.
Utilising redundant voltage levels for circulating current control in modular multilevel converters (2015)

Control of the circulating current in the modular multilevel converter (MMC) is one of the major tasks for the proper operation of the converter topology. This paper develops a controller for the circulating current of the MMC that utilises the redundant voltage levels in 2N+1 modulated MMCs in order to regulate the current to its reference. The main advantages of the approach are the elimination of control loops that generate the voltages for the control of the circulating current, simple implementation and very fast dynamic performance. The application of the control is also independent of the circulating current reference. The simplicity and effectiveness of the proposed controller is illustrated through simulations and experimental results.
Multimodal Interface Based on Novel HMI UI/UX for In-Vehicle Infotainment System (2015)

We propose a novel HMI UI/UX for an in-vehicle infotainment system. Our proposed HMI UI comprises multimodal interfaces that allow a driver to safely and intuitively manipulate an infotainment system while driving. Our analysis of a touchscreen interface-based HMI UI/UX reveals that a driver's use of such an interface while driving can cause the driver to be seriously distracted. Our proposed HMI UI/UX is a novel manipulation mechanism for a vehicle infotainment service. It consists of several interfaces that incorporate a variety of modalities, such as speech recognition, a manipulating device, and hand gesture recognition. In addition, we provide an HMI UI framework designed to be manipulated using a simple method based on four directions and one selection motion. Extensive quantitative and qualitative in-vehicle experiments demonstrate that the proposed HMI UI/UX is an efficient mechanism through which to manipulate an infotainment system while driving.
Molecular cloning and characterization of human papilloma virus DNA derived from a laryngeal papilloma (1982)

Papilloma virus DNA from a laryngeal papilloma was cloned in phage lambda L 47 and characterized after cleavage with different restriction enzymes. Hybridization with the DNAs of human papilloma virus types 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 8 showed no homology under stringent hybridization conditions. Human papilloma virus type 6 DNA, however, was partially identical to laryngeal papilloma virus DNA; different restriction enzyme fragments hybridizing with the other DNA were identified on each genome. The degree of homology was determined by reassociation kinetics to be 25%. According to the present nomenclature, laryngeal papilloma virus therefore represents a different type of human papilloma virus and is tentatively designated as human papilloma virus type 11. Sequences homologous to laryngeal papilloma virus DNA were also found in four of nine additional laryngeal papillomas. Attempt to detect homologous DNA in 12 carcinomas of the larynx were negative.
The Xilinx Isolation Design Flow for Fault-Tolerant Systems (2013)

The ability to control system failure modes through fault-tolerant design requires an implementation methodology that ensures fault propagation can be controlled. Xilinx® Isolation Design Flow (IDF) provides fault containment at the FPGA module level, enabling single-chip fault tolerance by various techniques including:  Modular redundancy  Watchdog alarms S egregation by safety level  Isolation of test logic for safe removal IDF, pioneered for government cryptographic systems, is also appropriate for avionics, safety-related electronics, industrial robotics, critical infrastructure, financial systems, and other high assurance, high availability, and high reliability systems. The IDF is part of a spectrum of reliability technologies that when appropriately combined provide unmatched reliability, performance, and cost effectiveness.
A clinical and bacteriological survey of pneumonia in childhood (1942)

Largely through the work of Cooper and her co-workers (1929), thirty-three fairly distinct types of pneumococci have been isolated. This subdivision, howe ver, is not final. Types 6 and 26 are now understood to be identical, as also are types 15 and 30, whereas the Wilder strain, numbered type 33 is now thought to be related to type 9. In the light of Cooper's (1929) classification, workers on both sides of the Atlantic have studied the different types in health and disease. The strains most often encountered vary from country to country and even from district to district, and epidemics due to one particular strain of pneumococcus have been reported. Although it is generally agreed that certain types are more usually isolated in disease than in health, those infesting the upper respiratory tract of normal subjects may also be pathogenic. This frequently occurs in respiratory disease in children, who have had little oppor- tunity to develop immunity to organisms which may be regarded as innocuous inhabitants of the adult throat
Lateral-current confinement in a GaAs planar stripe-geometry and channeled substrate buried DH laser using reverse-biased <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junctions (1978)

Processes have been developed for producing stripe-geometry planar DH lasers and channeled substrate buried DH lasers where lateral-current confinement is obtained with reverse-biased n-p junctions on both sides of the active layer. These current-confinement schemes lead to current flow only through the two superimposed top and bottom stripe windows in otherwise completely reverse-biased n-p junctions. The structures are composed only of as-grown liquid-phase-epitaxy multilayers. These lasers have low threshold current densities, clean stable optical-mode patterns, and excellent linearity in the light-current curves. In addition, the channeled substrate buried DH lasers have optical and carrier confinement in both transverse directions, while also achieving efficient lateral-injection-current confinement. Results from a theoretical analysis, which describes the dependence of the threshold current density Jsth of DH lasers upon stripe width S, are compared to the measured dependence and excellent agreement is obtained.
Detecting Malicious Websites in Depth through Analyzing Topics and Web-pages (2018)

We are increasingly relying on HTML(Hypertext Markup Language) web-pages, including online shopping, obtaining information and handling official business, whether on a mobile phone or on a computer. But the underground industry or deliberate attacker has also targeted us. They forges misleading URLs(UniformResourceLocators) and web-pages with various tricky skills which are difficult to identify even for the professionals, so as to steal money, manipulate our devices, monitor our lives. Currently, most of the malicious websites detecting technology is based on features of URLs or Web page elements, which make us feel upset, because it is difficult to extract all the features, and its hysteresis quality make it hard to meet the requirement of tracking the rapid changes of malicious web sites, especially the phishing websites. This paper design a thorough associated analysis model of web-pages using the technology of topic tracking, topic abnormal discovery, web-page visual similarity assessment, web-page structure analyzing, URL analyzing, Internet Resources analyzing and so on, to solve the problem of missing detecting malicious websites, especially with unknown features. The detecting model is able to discover the forged payment web-pages, fake web page which damage the reputation of the relevant organization, personal attack web-pages, tampered web page, web-page trojan, etc. In the meantime, it can track the topic of underground industry and sense the topic evolution. According to our experiments, it is effective and has high accuracy.
Isolation and culture of human brain microvessel endothelial cells for the study of blood-brain barrier properties in vitro (1995)

A simplified protocol for isolating brain microvessel endothelial cells (BMEC) from human cortex and culturing them on a thick collagen plug is described. This method results in the establishment of monolayers of BMEC that retain numerous properties indicative of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) phenotype, such as elevated transendothelial electrical resistance, attenuated paracellular flux of sucrose, peripheral actin filament distribution and asymmetric localization of the efflux peptide, P-glycoprotein, to the apical (luminal) BMEC surface. The novel 3-dimensional nature of this model system renders it ideally suitable for assaying such varied aspects of BBB physiology as solute transport, pathogen penetrance, leukocyte infiltration and tumor metastasis into the brain. Moreover, the fact that the system is derived from human brain allows for the study of pathogenetic mechanisms that may only be operative in humans.
Effects of backscattering in high-Q, large-area silicon-on-insulator ring resonators (2016)

We demonstrate large-area silicon-on-insulator ring resonators with Q values of about 2×10<sup>6</sup> at critical coupling and 3.6×10<sup>6</sup> for heavily undercoupled conditions. A model has been developed to understand the impact of waveguide backscattering and subcomponent imperfections on the spectral response of our devices. The model predicts the appearance of signals at ports that would not have them under backscattering-free, ideal-power-splitting conditions. The predictions of our model are shown to match the phenomena observed in our measurements.
Quantitation Of The Borrelia Burgdorferi Outer Surface Protein A In Ixodes Scapularis: Fluctuations During The Tick Life Cycle, Doubling Times, And Loss While Feeding (1994)

The presence of outer surface protein A (OspA) as a marker for Borrelia burgdorferi in Ixodes scapularis ticks was monitored with an OspA antigen-capture ELISA. The OspA ELISA, with a sensitivity of 30 spirochetes (8 fg), was not affected by the presence of either recently blood-fed or flat tick homogenates. Median spirochete equivalent levels as high as 16,000 in larvae, 55,000 in attached nymphs, and 10,000 in unfed adults were observed. Estimates of OspA doubling times ranged from a maximum of 140 h in larvae to as short as 17.5 h during nymphal attachment to the host. Spirochete equivalents in nymphs fell by 3 x 10(4) spirochete equivalents (54% of total OspA) in the last 12 h of attachment to mice but rose after detachment. Each OspA-positive I. scapularis nymph, regardless of spirochete equivalent density or length of attachment, successfully transmitted B. burgdorferi to a mouse.
Bilateral orchidectomy and flutamide versus orchidectomy alone in newly diagnosed patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate — an Australian multicentre trial (1996)

This study was not sufficiently powerful to detect small differences in outcome (although the trend in survival favoured the placebo arm) but nevertheless failed to show any benefit for maximal androgen blockade over orchidectomy in this group of patients.
A robust interval economic dispatch method accommodating large-scale wind power generation. Part one: Dispatch scheme and mathematical model (2014)

Large-scale wind power integration imposes technical challenges to the power system operation and scheduling. Traditional deterministic generation dispatch methods cannot ensure system operation security because they don't incorporate wind power uncertainties appropriately. A new robust dispatch scheme based on the wind power prediction interval is introduced for intra-day active power dispatch, in which wind farms are controlled with the maximum-power-point-tracking strategy mostly. This scheme is featured with flexibility and practicality. In combination with this scheme, a robust interval economic dispatch model is formulated as a robust optimization method and further simplified as a quadratic programming, taking the response of AGC regulation into consideration. Finally, Monte Carlos simulations are conducted on a modified IEEE 24-bus system to compare performance of the proposed approach and the traditional one, and the robustness, reliability and economy of the robust dispatch scheme is verified. © 2014 State Grid Electric Power Research Institute Press
Distinct roles of GPVI and integrin α<sub>2</sub>β<sub>1</sub> in platelet shape change and aggregation induced by different collagens (2002)

1. Various platelet membrane glycoproteins have been proposed as receptors for collagen, in some cases as receptors for specific collagen types. In this study we have compared the ability of a range of collagen types to activate platelets. 2. Bovine collagen types I-V, native equine tendon collagen fibrils and collagen-related peptide (CRP) all induced platelet aggregation and shape change. 3. Responses were abolished in FcRgamma chain-deficient platelets, which also lack GPVI, indicating a critical dependence on the GPVI/FcRgamma chain complex. 4. Responses to all collagens were unaffected in CD36-deficient platelets. 5. A monoclonal antibody (6F1) which binds to the alpha(2) integrin subunit of human platelets had a minimal effect on the rate and extent of aggregation induced by the collagens; however, it delayed the onset of aggregation following addition of all collagens. For shape change, 6F1 abolished the response induced by collagen types I and IV, substantially attenuated that to collagen types II, III and V, but only partially inhibited Horm collagen. 6. Simultaneous blockade of the P2Y(1) and P2Y(12) receptors, and inhibition of cyclo-oxygenase demonstrated that CRP can activate platelets independently of ADP and TxA(2); however, responses to the collagens were dependent on these mediators. 7. This study confirms the importance of the GPVI/FcRgamma chain complex in platelet responses induced by a range of collagen agonists, while providing no evidence for collagen type-specific receptors. It also provides evidence for a modulatory role of alpha(2)beta(1), the significance of which depends on the collagen preparation.
Variant Review with the Integrative Genomics Viewer (2017)

Manual review of aligned reads for confirmation and interpretation of variant calls is an important step in many variant calling pipelines for next-generation sequencing (NGS) data. Visual inspection can greatly increase the confidence in calls, reduce the risk of false positives, and help characterize complex events. The Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV) was one of the first tools to provide NGS data visualization, and it currently provides a rich set of tools for inspection, validation, and interpretation of NGS datasets, as well as other types of genomic data. Here, we present a short overview of IGV's variant review features for both single-nucleotide variants and structural variants, with examples from both cancer and germline datasets. IGV is freely available at https://www.igv.org <i>Cancer Res; 77(21); e31-34. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Comparison of bispectral index scores from the standard frontal sensor position with those from an alternative mandibular position (2014)

Overall, BIS values do not agree between the standard frontal position and an alternative mandibular position. However, during the anesthesia maintenance period, the mandibular position can be availably used as an alternative position if the operative field renders the standard frontal position unavailable.
Development of Bifunctional Electrodes for Closed-loop Fuel Cell Applications (2009)

Unitized regenerative fuel cells (URFC) in combination with photovoltaic modules are attractive systems for space missions because of their extended operation times and low weight. Electrical energy, being stored throughout the planetary day, can be converted into electricity by the fuel cell during the night. An important topic for URFC development is the function of the so-called bifunctional oxygen electrodes which generally require a combination of favourable properties for fuel cell and electrolysis mode. In this work different oxygen electrode configuration for the operation in a unitized reversible fuel cell are compared. Different possibilities for bifunctional electrodes based on the primary catalysts are compared, namely a mixture of catalysts, layered structures with the two different catalyst layers, and segmented areas with single catalysts. It was shown that the mixture of both catalysts (Pt and IrO2) performs best for the present stage of electrode development.