gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Drugs, Microorganisms, and Phagocytes (1989)

The literature on the interaction between antimicrobial drugs, microorganisms, and phagocytes is reviewed. Critical assessment of the methods used in various studies is indispensable in the interpretation of results. The available data seldom permit firm conclusions, but a number of interactions can be postulated. Chemotaxis is influenced by beta-lactam antibiotics, which induce an increased release of chemoattractants from bacteria; inhibitors of protein synthesis (erythromycin, tetracyclines) reduce the release of chemoattractants. Rifampin and tetracyclines inhibit chemotactic activity of granulocytes. Phagocytosis is diminished by tetracyclines and bacitracin. Intracellular killing is impaired by trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole. Antimicrobial drugs that inhibit protein synthesis alter the surface of bacteria, changing the opsonic requirements for phagocytosis. Antimicrobial agents that act on the cell wall or disrupt the organization of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria increase bacterial vulnerability to the lethal action of granulocytes. Cellular enzymes of granulocytes act synergistically with a variety of drugs. Synergism between monocytes and penicillins has also been shown. The degree of penetration of an antimicrobial drug into phagocytic cells is not correlated with the intracellular activity of the drug. Polymyxin B, colistin, rifampin, vancomycin, clindamycin, and quinolones kill bacteria phagocytosed by granulocytes. Penicillins, rifampin, and chloramphenicol show microbicidal activity against bacteria ingested by monocytes or macrophages.
Radix-4 modules for high-performance bit-serial computation (1987)

We describe a technique to double the throughput of bit-serial computational networks, while retaining the many advantages associated with this architectural approach. In essence this technique relies on a 2-wire radix-4 representation of serial data: a step towards bit parallelism. As the cost of data storage associated with bit-serial architectures is not increased by this technique, it has a favourable effect on overall area-time product. Novel use of the well-known modified-Booth recoding multiplication algorithm results in further area savings. A set of functional building blocks and interfacing conventions is outlined, forming the basis of a cell library for use in a silicon compilation environment.
New Efficient Substrates for Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase/VAP-1 Enzyme:  Analysis by SARs and Computational Docking (2006)

Structure activity relationships for semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase/vascular adhesion protein-1 (SSAO/VAP-1) were studied using a library of arylalkylamine substrates, with the aim of contributing to the discovery of more efficient SSAO substrates. Experimental data were contrasted with computational docking studies, thereby allowing us to examine the mechanism and substrate-binding affinity of SSAO and thus contribute to the discovery of more efficient SSAO substrates and provide a structural basis for their interactions. We also built a model of the mouse SSAO structure, which provides several structural rationales for interspecies differences in SSAO substrate selectivity and reveals new trends in SSAO substrate recognition. In this context, we identified novel efficient substrates for human SSAO that can be used as a lead for the discovery of antidiabetic agents.
A comparison of wavelength dependent polarization dependent loss measurements in fiber gratings (2000)

We have measured wavelength dependent Polarization Dependent Loss (PDL) in chirped fiber Bragg gratings for dispersion compensation, grating filters for wavelength add/drop multiplexing and long period gratings for EDFA gain flattening. The PDL is measured in devices used in reflection and in transmission by applying the Jones matrix method, the Mueller matrix method and the polarization scanning method. A comparison of the experimental results and an analysis of the sources of errors are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: INTERACTIONS OF SMALL ORGANIC RINGS WITH TRANSITION METALS; AN UNUSUAL 1,3‐CHLOROPALLADATION OF ALKYLMETHYLENECYCLOPROPANES (1979)

Abstract Alkylsubstituierte Methylencyclopropane (I), (IV), (VI) und (VIII) reagieren mit dem Palladiumchlorid‐Komplex (II) unter Ringspaltung und 1,3‐Chlorpalladierung.
Tracing Function Dependencies across Clouds (2018)

In this paper, we present Lowgo, a crosscloud tracing tool for capturing causal relationships in serverless applications. To do so, Lowgo records dependencies between functions, through cloud services, and across regions to facilitate debugging and reasoning about highly concurrent, multi-cloud applications. We empirically evaluate Lowgo using microbenchmarks and multi-function and multi-cloud applications. We find that Lowgo is able to capture causal dependencies with overhead that ranges from 2-12%, which is less than half that of the best-performing, cloud-specific approach.
Mercaptoethylation. I. Mercaptoethylation of Amines with Ethylene Monothiolcarbonate (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercaptoethylation. I. Mercaptoethylation of Amines with Ethylene MonothiolcarbonateD. D. REYNOLDS, MARY K. MASSAD, D. L. FIELDS, and D. L. JOHNSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 12, 5109–5110Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01070a078https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01070a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views263Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ELF and VLF radiation from the “polar electrojet antenna” (1984)

First, an approximate evaluation is made of the ELF/VLF dipole moment of the polar electrojet antenna established by ionospheric heating via the use of powerful HF waves amplitude modulated with frequencies in the ELF/VLF range. Then, the theory of reciprocity is used to determine the magnitude of the ELF/VLF waveguide excitation produced by such a dipole immersed in the ionosphere. Propagation under a series of ionospheres ranging from quiet auroral nightime to disturbed auroral daytime is considered.
Studies on treatment of cotton seed (1925)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
High‐resolution <sup>1</sup>H NMR and magic angle spinning NMR spectroscopic investigation of the biochemical effects of 2‐bromoethanamine in intact renal and hepatic tissue (2001)

The metabolic consequences of xenobiotic-induced toxicity were investigated using high-resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy of intact tissue. Renal papillary necrosis (RPN) was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 12) via a single i.p. dose of 250 mg/kg 2-bromoethanamine (BEA) hydrobromide. At 2, 4, 6, and 24 h after treatment with BEA, three animals were killed and tissue samples were obtained from liver, renal cortex, and renal medulla. Tissue samples were also removed at 2 and 24 h from matched controls (n = 6). (1)H MAS NMR spectroscopic techniques were used to analyze samples of intact tissue ( approximately 10 mg). Decreased levels of nonperturbing renal osmolytes (glycerophosphocholine, betaine, and myo-inositol) were observed in the renal papilla of BEA-treated animals at 6 and 24 h postdose (p.d.), concomitant with a relative increase in the tissue concentration of creatine. Increased levels of glutaric acid were found in all tissues studied in BEA-treated animals at 4 and 6 h p.d., indicating the inhibition of mitochondrial fatty acyl CoA dehydrogenases and mitochondrial dysfunction. Increased levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide occurred in the renal cortex at 6 h p.d. Changes in the metabolite profile of liver included an increase in the relative concentrations of triglycerides, lysine, and leucine. The novel application of (1)H MAS NMR to the biochemical analysis of intact tissues following a toxic insult highlights the potential of this technique as a toxicological probe in providing a direct link between urinary biomarkers of toxicity and histopathological evaluation of toxicological lesions.
Generalized arterial calcification of infancy and pseudoxanthoma elasticum: two sides of the same coin (2012)

Generalized arterial calcification of infancy (GACI) is associated with biallelic mutations in ENPP1 in the majority of cases, whereas mutations in ABCC6 (ATP-binding cassette subfamily C number 6) are known to cause pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). However, ABCC6 mutations account for a significant subset of GACI cases, and ENPP1 mutations can also be associated with PXE lesions. Based on the considerable overlap of GACI and PXE, both entities appear to reflect two ends of a clinical spectrum of ectopic calcification rather than two distinct disorders. ABCC6 and ENPP1 mutations might lead to alterations of the same physiological pathways.
AIX NetView/6000 (1992)

AIX® NetView®/6000 is a network management system that manages simple network management protocol (SNMP) devices developed by IBM and other vendors. It provides configuration, fault, and perfor-mance applications integrated into an advanced end-user interface (EUI), which incorporates a graphic display of network topology and performance as well as system management functions accessible from both graphic and character-based devices. An application builder and event configurator allow users to generate performance applications and provide automation of management tasks specific to their networks. In addition to providing stand-alone distributed network management, AIX NetView/6000 also provides a bidirectional connection to IBM's mainframe-based NetView product to enable central management of the enterprise network from System/370™ and System/390™ NetView.
New Legal Fictions (2007)

There was a time when judges routinely deployed legal fictions, which Lon Fuller famously defined as false statements not intended to deceive, in order to temper the disruptive effect of changes in legal doctrine. In an age of positive law, such classic legal fictions are significantly less common. But they have been replaced by new legal fictions. In fashioning legal rules, judges rely with surprising frequency on false, debatable, or untested factual premises. At times, of course, such false premises simply reflect judicial ignorance. But there is an increasingly large body of empirical research available to judges, and more often than not judges' reliance on false premises is not the result of ignorance. Instead, judges often rely on false factual suppositions in the service of other goals. In this article, Professor Smith discusses a broad range of examples of new legal fictions, false factual suppositions that serve as the grounds for judge-made legal rules. The examples, drawn from diverse areas of doctrine, suggest a set of reasons, albeit generally unexpressed, why judges rely on new legal fictions. Sometimes judges rely on new legal fictions to mask the fact that they are making a normative choice. Other times, judges rely on new legal fictions to operationalize legal theories that are not easily put into practice. Still other times, judges deploy new legal fictions to serve functional goals and to promote administrability in adjudication. Finally, new legal fictions often serve a legitimating function, and judges rely on them - even in the face of evidence that they are false - to avoid what they perceive as de-legitimating consequences. Judges rarely acknowledge that their ostensible factual suppositions are in fact new legal fictions, and they rarely articulate the reasons for relying on them. Even assuming one concludes that judges' apparent rationales for relying on them are valid, therefore, there is a serious question whether those rationales outweigh the general interest in judicial candor. After all, a general requirement of judicial candor - which permits the academy and the public to debate, criticize, and defend judges' grounds for decision - is essential to constraining judicial power. To be sure, whether any particular reason for judicial reliance on a new legal fiction is justified turns in part on an empirical judgment about the extent to which the new legal fiction actually achieves the end that the judge deployed it to achieve. But even when we can satisfactorily answer such empirical questions, we are still faced with a normative judgment about the relative desirability of candor and the goal served by dispensing with candor. Professor Smith concludes that the ends served by reliance on new legal fictions usually are not sufficient to overcome the presumption in favor of judicial candor, but that in rare cases dispensing with judicial candor might be justified.
A study on QoS/QoE correlation model in wireless-network (2014)

With the rapid development of wireless network technologies and multimedia communications, video services play an increasingly important role in network communications. Most traditional quality assessment methods of video services are designed based on QoS (Quality of Service, QoS) evaluation parameters. Subject test represents the most reliable quality evaluation method and QoE (Quality of Experience) is usually to be used to represent the subjective evaluation for network communications. Compared with QoE from the subjective test, QoS parameters are much easier to be obtained. In this paper, we use a QoS/QoE mapping assessment model for the relationship between QoS and QoE and test it by the experiments in NS2 network simulation environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the QoE can be obtained by QoS parameters in network communications.
Controlled & automatic processing: behavior, theory, and biological mechanisms (2003)

Abstract This paper provides an overview of developments in a dual processing theory of automatic and controlled processing that began with the empirical and theoretical work described by Schneider and Shiffrin (1977) and Shiffrin and Schneider (1977) over a quarter century ago. A review of relevant empirical findings suggests that there is a set of core behavioral phenomena reflecting differences between controlled and automatic processing that must be addressed by a successful theory. These phenomena relate to: consistency in training, serial versus parallel processing, level of effort, robustness to stressors, degree of control, effects on long‐term memory, and priority encoding. We detail a computational model of controlled processing, CAP2, that accounts for these phenomena as emergent properties of an underlying hybrid computational architecture. The model employs a large network of distributed data modules that can categorize, buffer, associate, and prioritize information. Each module is a connectionist network with input and output layers, and each module communicates with a central Control System by outputting priority and activity report signals, and by receiving control signals. The Control System is composed of five processors including a Goal Processor, an Attention Controller, an Activity Monitor, an Episodic Store, and a Gating & Report Relay. The transition from controlled to automatic processing occurs in this model as the data modules become capable of transmitting their output without mediation by the Control System. We describe recent progress in mapping the components of this model onto specific neuroanatomical substrates, briefly discuss the potential for applying functional neuroimaging techniques to test the model's predictions, and its relation to other models.
Frame buffer compression using a limited-size code book for low-power display systems (2005)

Modern hand-held multimedia terminals consume significant power for their quality display devices. Due to 60Hz or higher LCD refresh operations, frame buffer memory and related buses become dominant power consumers. In this paper, we introduce an efficient frame buffer compression scheme that uses differential Huffman coding and its hardware implementation. The compression and decompression must be simple and not incur distinct power overhead involving no CPU operations. We have achieved both on-the-fly compression and high compression efficiency devising a limited-size code book, color-difference reduction techniques and an adaptive code book update scheme. On the MobileMark 2002 benchmark, our techniques reduce the frame buffer activity by 52% to 90%, saving up to 86mW including the overhead.
THE ALKENYLATION OF AROMATICS WITH BUTADIENE: A SYNTHESIS OF 1-PHENYL-2-BUTENE (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ALKENYLATION OF AROMATICS WITH BUTADIENE: A SYNTHESIS OF 1-PHENYL-2-BUTENEWAYNE PROELLCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1951, 16, 2, 178–184Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01142a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01142a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views122Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On the problem of ideal flux concentrators (1978)

We show that ideal flux collectors in the form of systems of axially symmetric systems which concentrate flux from a given angular extent with no loss in étendue are impossible; on the other hand, systems approaching this limit very closely can be designed.
Collision-Minimizing CSMA and Its Applications to Wireless Sensor Networks (2004)

Recent research in sensor networks, wireless location systems, and power-saving in ad hoc networks suggests that some applications' wireless traffic be modeled as an event-driven workload: a workload where many nodes send traffic at the time of an event, not all reports of the event are needed by higher level protocols and applications, and events occur infrequently relative to the time needed to deliver all required event reports. We identify several applications that motivate the event-driven workload and propose a protocol that is optimal for this workload. Our proposed protocol, named CSMA/p/sup */, is nonpersistent carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) with a carefully chosen nonuniform probability distribution p/sup */ that nodes use to randomly select contention slots. We show that CSMA/p/sup */ is optimal in the sense that p/sup */ is the unique probability distribution that minimizes collisions between contending stations. CSMA/p/sup */ has knowledge of N. We conclude with an exploration of how p/sup */ could be used to build a more practical medium access control protocol via a probability distribution with no knowledge of N that approximates p/sup */.
A SIMPLE AND CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 5-SUBSTITUTED BENZOXAZOLES (1990)

(1990). A SIMPLE AND CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 5-SUBSTITUTED BENZOXAZOLES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 22, No. 5, pp. 613-618.
Clinical evaluation of a new one-stage clotting assay for heparin and low molecular weight heparins. (1987)

Heptest, a new one-stage clotting assay was compared with the anti-factor Xa chromogenic substrate S 2222 method, the thrombin clotting time (TCT), and the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) tests in 100 patients receiving unfractionated mucosal heparin, and 100 patients treated with Kabi 2165 low molecular weight heparin. The results indicate a high correlation between the Heptest and the anti-Xa chromogenic substrate method (r = 0.91 for unfractionated heparin, and 0.90 for Kabi 2165 low molecular weight heparin). The correlations between the Heptest and the aPTT were 0.36 for unfractionated heparin, and 0.14 for low molecular weight heparin, while those of the TCT were 0.36 and 0.27, respectively. The test is a very sensitive, simple, highly reproducible and reliable clotting assay for unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins in plasma.
40-GHz polymer electrooptic phase modulators (1995)

A broad-band high-frequency traveling wave electrooptic phase modulator made from stable nonlinear optical polymers has been tested. Using a 1.319-μm light source, single-mode operation was achieved with high-input optical power, resulting in improved modulation depths and signal-to-noise ratios. The high-frequency optical modulation was observed up to 40 GHz using external microwave mixers. Direct optical-heterodyne detection of electrooptic phase modulation has also been demonstrated with high sensitivity at 40 GHz. The devices were tested with 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> power density for 21 hours, and have showed no observable decay in nonlinearity.
Laboratory EXAFS spectrometer for catalyst studies (1982)

A laboratory x-ray absorption spectrometer is described which allows very high quality x-ray absorption edge and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data to be obtained. The spectrometer utilizes a channel-cut crystal configuration monochromator for absorption edge studies and a fully focusing Johansson cut bent crystal monchromator operated on the Rowland circle for high flux, high resolution EXAFS studies. X-ray generation is by a rotating anode generator. Photon fluxes are about 104 higher than for a sealed-tube flat-crystal spectrometer; it is shown that data of quality comparable to that obtained from a synchrotron source (SSRL) can be obtained in comparable time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyrrolinic Isosteres of Rilmenidine (I): Discovery of cis‐/trans‐Dicyclopropylmethyl‐ (4,5‐dimethyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐amine (LNP 509)(II), an I<sub>1</sub> Imidazoline Receptor Selective Ligand with Hypotensive Activity. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.