gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and design of antennas for RF wireless systems (1996)

Antennas are an important subcomponent for radio frequency (RF) wireless systems-oftentimes, performance improvements in the several dB range can be achieved by optimizing antenna design and position, which are very difficult to achieve with modifications to a radio. Antennas for RF wireless systems include portable RF remote antennas, for example for cellular phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld computers, and local-area network (LAN), wide-area network (WAN), and personal-area network (PAN) adapters for laptop computers, and base station antennas for these applications. Antennas for systems such as these have stringent cost, performance, and form factor specifications. This paper discusses the modeling and design of antennas for these applications, specifically a method of moments modeling tool which has been developed, special concerns in antenna design for portable RF remotes, and design of base station antennas.
Corneal function during normal and high serum glucose levels in diabetes. (1998)

In addition to differences in baseline corneal structure, diabetic subjects showed less corneal swelling and reduced corneal recovery from hypoxia than did control subjects. During acute hyperglycemia, corneal swelling was less than during euglycemia in diabetic subjects, which suggests that hyperglycemia affected corneal hydration control.
Deposition and Properties of Silicon on Graphite Substrates (1976)

Polycrystalline silicon has been deposited on low‐cost graphite substrates by the thermal decomposition of silane and thermal reduction of trichlorosilane with hydrogen in a gas flow system. The microstructures and crystallographic properties of deposited silicon were studied over a wide range of deposition conditions by metallographic and x‐ray techniques, respectively. The observed differences in the properties of silicon layers deposited by silane and trichlorosilane processes were attributed to the difference in the chemical reversibility of the reactions. The microstructure of silicon deposited by the trichlorosilane process was improved by the addition of hydrogen chloride to the reactant mixture. Solar cells were prepared from silicon layers deposited on graphite substrates by a one‐step process using silane or trichlorosilane and appropriate dopants, and AMO efficiencies of up to 1.5% were obtained.
Uncooled thermo-mechanical detector array with optical readout (2006)

Abstract This paper reports a novel uncooled infrared FPA whose performance is comparable to the cooled FPA’s in terms of noise parameters. FPA consists of bimaterial microcantilever structures that are designed to convert IR radiation energy into mechanical energy. Induced deflection by mechanical energy is detected by means of optical methods that measure sub nanometer thermally induced deflections. Analytical solutions are developed for calculating the figure of merits for the FPA. FEM simulations and the analytical solution agree well. Calculations show that for an FPA, NETD of < 5 mK is achievable in the 8–12 μm band. The design and optimization for the detectors are presented. The mechanical structure of pixels is designed such that it can be possible to form large array size FPA’s. Microfabrication of the devices to improve the performance further, employs low cost standard MEMS processes.
A Metrics Framework to Drive Application Security Improvement (2007)

Web applications' functionality and user base have evolved along with the threat landscape. Although controls such as network firewalls are essential, they're wholly insufficient for providing overall Web application security. They provide security for underlying hosts and a means of communication, but do little to aid the application resist attack against its software implementation or design. Enterprises must therefore focus on the security of the Web application itself. But in doing so, questions immediately arise: "What could go wrong with my software? How vulnerable are my existing applications to the most common problems? What changes to my software development life cycle might affect these vulnerabilities?" The Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP; www.owa sp.org) Top Ten offers a starting point for figuring out what could go wrong. This installment of Building Security In presents metrics that can help quantify the impact that process changes in one life-cycle phase have on other phases. For the purposes of this short discussion, we've broken an applications life cycle into three main phases: design, deployment, and runtime. By organizing metrics according to life cycle in addition to OWASP type, insight from the derived quantitative results can potentially point to defective processes and even suggest strategies for improvement
Targeting HER2 in colorectal cancer: The landscape of amplification and short variant mutations in <i>ERBB2</i> and <i>ERBB3</i> (2018)

Although observed less often than in breast or upper gastrointestinal carcinomas, indications for which anti-HER2 therapies are approved, the percentage of CRC with ERBB genomic alterations is significant. Importantly, 32% of ERBB2-positive CRCs harbor short variant alterations that are undetectable by routine immunohistochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization testing. The success of anti-HER2 therapies in ongoing clinical trials is a promising development for patients with CRC. Cancer 2018;124:1358-73. © 2018 Foundation Medicine, Inc. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
Memories and Reflections: The Autobiography of E. E. Ericksen (1991)

Journal Article Memories and Reflections: The Autobiography of E. E. Ericksen Get access Memories and Reflections: The Autobiography of E. E. Ericksen. Edited by Kenney Scott G.. (Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 1987. xxv + 233 pp. Illustrations, appendixes, notes, bibliography, index. $12.95, paper.) Kent E. Robson Kent E. Robson Utah State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 22, Issue 1, February 1991, Pages 103–104, https://doi.org/10.2307/968758 Published: 01 February 1991
Mechanical characterisation of porous glass reinforced hydroxyapatite ceramics: Bonelike® (2003)

In the present study, mechanical properties of porous glass reinforced hydroxyapatite bioceramics were assessed by microhardness, bending and compression tests and fracture toughness determination. Porous discs were produced by a dry method using wax spheres as pore formers. Green bodies were sintered and the final microstructure of the composites consists of hydroxyapatite, alpha and beta tricalcium phosphate (alpha and <FONT FACE=Symbol>b</font>-Ca3(PO4)2)due to the reaction between the glassy phase and the hydroxyapatite matrix. The results of the mechanical tests showed that the glassy phase yielded higher fracture toughness and bending strength when comparing with literature data for single hydroxyapatite. There is a compromise between mechanical properties and the porosity level for bioceramics: for example, according to Weibull statistics for composites with 65% porosity the maximum bending stress level is 0.2 MPa for 100% survival probability whereas this stress level increases to 2.5 MPa for composites with 40%. However, only the 65% porosity composite samples seem to have the complete adequate morphology for bone ingrowth.
Intermodulation and Harmonic Distortion in Frequency Reconfigurable Slot Antenna Pairs (2014)

Due to the nonlinear nature of solid state devices, reconfigurable antennas with PIN diodes are capable of producing spurious frequency products through intermodulation and harmonic generation. These undesirable signals might act as an interference source to other electronic systems. In this paper, we investigate intermodulation and harmonic generation in frequency reconfigurable MIMO slot antennas. Our study has shown that intermodulation is more pronounced in the transmitting scenario than the receiving case. It is also found that an “off” diode needs to be appropriately reverse biased to avoid RF leakage and harmonic generation when the RF power is high. In addition, the effect of mutual coupling on intermodulation and harmonic generation has been studied experimentally. Our results show that the level of intermodulation could be lowered by reducing the mutual coupling between the antenna ports. Lastly, we demonstrate that a particular spurious frequency product may be suppressed by inserting harmonic traps at the antenna level.
Distinct effects of Jak3 signaling on alphabeta and gammadelta thymocyte development. (1999)

Janus kinase 3 (Jak3) plays a central role in the transduction of signals mediated by the IL-2 family of cytokine receptors. Targeted deletion of the murine Jak3 gene results in severe reduction of alphabeta and complete elimination of gammadelta lineage thymocytes and NK cells. The developmental blockade appears to be imposed on early thymocyte differentiation and/or expansion. In this study, we show that bcl-2 expression and in vivo survival of immature thymocytes are greatly compromised in Jak3-/- mice. There is no gross deficiency in rearrangements of the TCRdelta and certain gamma loci in pre-T cells, and a functional gammadelta TCR transgene cannot rescue gammadelta lineage differentiation in Jak3-/- mice. In contrast, a TCRbeta transgene is partially able to restore alphabeta thymocyte development. These data suggest that the signals mediated by Jak3 are critical for survival of all thymocyte precursors particularly during TCRbeta-chain gene rearrangement, and are continuously required in the gammadelta lineage. The results also emphasize the fundamentally different requirements for differentiation of the alphabeta and gammadelta T cell lineages.
Technology and economic analysis on modern coal chemical industry (2015)

Modern coal chemical industry mainly includes coal liquefaction,coal gasification,coal to olefin,coal to glycol and dimethyl ether from coal. Based on the selection of technique and project scale of modern coal chemical industry,the economic competitiveness of modern coal chemical industry and competitive coal prices are analyzed under different crude oil prices. It can be concluded that when the international crude oil price is 50- 70 dollars per barrel,modern coal chemical industry has certain competitiveness and economical efficiency of coal-based chemical products( glycol,olefins) is much better than the coal-based energy products( oil,dimethyl ether). With the increase of oil price,the economic competitiveness of advanced coal chemical industry increases.
Emotions, learning and control (1999)

There is a popular belief that emotions are mysterious gut feelings, beyond mathematical analysis. This paper counters the popular belief by describing a mathematical technique incorporating emotions into intelligent control systems and establishes relationships between mathematical, psychological and philosophical analyses of emotions. Many control systems incorporate signals that are directly related to emotional signals. The author argues that adaptive systems have to incorporate emotional signals, and the understanding of the roles of emotions and concepts is important for the design of intelligent system architectures. The paper analyses the learning process, describes the mathematics of the learning instinct, and presents aesthetic emotions as signals related to the learning values of objects. The developed mathematical technique is practically useful for engineering designs.
Mutational Analysis of the D1/E1 Core Helices and the Conserved N-Terminal Region of Yeast Transcription Factor IIB (TFIIB): Identification of an N-terminal Mutant That Stabilizes TATA-Binding Protein-TFIIB-DNA Complexes (1997)

The general transcription factor IIB (TFIIB) plays an essential role in transcription of protein-coding genes by RNA polymerase II. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to assess the role of conserved amino acids in several important regions of yeast TFIIB. These include residues in the highly conserved amino-terminal region and basic residues in the D1 and E1 core domain alpha-helices. Acidic substitutions of residues K190 (D1) and K201 (E1) resulted in growth impairments in vivo, reduced basal transcriptional activity in vitro, and an inability to form stable TFIIB-TATA-binding protein-DNA (DB) complexes. Significantly, these mutants retained the ability to respond to acidic activators in vivo and to the Gal4-VP16 activator in vitro, supporting the view that these basic residues play a role in basal transcription. In addition, 14 single-amino-acid substitutions were introduced in the conserved amino-terminal region. Three of these mutants, the L50D, R64E, and R78L mutants, displayed altered growth properties in vivo and were compromised for supporting transcription in vitro. The L50D mutant was impaired for RNA polymerase II interaction, while the R64E mutant exhibited altered transcription start site selection both in vitro and in vivo and, surprisingly, was more active than the wild type in the formation of stable DB complexes. These results support the view that the amino-terminal domain is involved in the direct interaction between yeast TFIIB and RNA polymerase II and suggest that this domain may interact with DNA and/or modulate the formation of a DB complex.
Effect of glyceryl trinitrate on peripheral arteries alters left ventricular hydraulic load in man (1986)

Effects of sublingual glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) were studied in ten patients without heart failure during diagnostic cardiac catheterisation following angiography. GTN caused substantial reduction in peak left ventricular and aortic pressure (19 mmHg) with lesser reduction in mean aortic pressure (9 mmHg) and no change in diastolic aortic pressure. Reduction in stroke volume (by 15%), associated with fall in left ventricular end diastolic pressure (by 4 mmHg) was insufficient to explain the marked (17 mmHg - 34%) reduction in pulse pressure. Decrease in pulse pressure was associated with loss of the late systolic peak on both the aortic and left ventricular pressure wave. This peak is caused by pulse wave reflection. GTN caused no change in peripheral resistance or in indices of aortic compliance (characteristic impedance, total arterial compliance) but was associated with reduction in fluctuations of both modulus and phase of aortic impedance. All these changes in pressure waves and in impedance spectra are explicable on the basis of decreased peripheral wave reflection. This can be attributed to the known vasodilatory effect of GTN on the peripheral arteries. Simulation of arterial vasodilatation in a multi-branched model of the systemic arterial system confirmed this interpretation. Dilatation of peripheral arteries explains in part the beneficial effects of GTN in adult man.
A General and Expedient Method for the Solid-Phase Synthesis of Structurally Diverse 1-Phenylpyrazolone Derivatives (1996)

The dianion of polymer-bound acetoacetate 3 was generated and trapped with various alkylating agents 5 to give the corresponding γ-alkylated β-ketoesters 8 exclusively. Subsequent reaction with phenylhydrazine resulted in cyclization with concomitant cleavage from the polymeric support to afford the 1-phenyl-pyrazolones 10 in high purity and good yield. The ease and generality of this approach is demonstrated by the synthesis of several diverse 1-phenyl-pyrazolones.
Simulation of ceramic particle formation: Comparison with <i>in</i>‐<i>situ</i> measurements (1989)

Abstract Ceramic particle formation processes have been studied using SiO 2 as a model compound. Silica particles have been synthesized in a counterpropagating diffusion flame reactor, in which in ‐ situ measurements of particle size and number density have been made. In addition, the time‐temperature history of the particle field has been calculated from a flame simulation. Numerical simulations using moment and sectional methods for particle formation have been applied and compared to the experimental measurements. The simulations for the particle formation assume a kinetically‐constrained approach, allowing a simple representation of nucleation, surface growth and coagulation. The results suggest that, if the source rates are known well enough, particle formation of low vapor pressure species can be predicted. Both models do well in predicting the gross features of particle formation (number density and mean particle size), although the moment solution does a poor job of predicting the polydispersity effects during periods of high monomer generation rates.
Design for Verification: Using Design Patterns to Build Reliable Systems (2003)

Components are mainly used in commercial software development to reduce time to market. While some effort has been spent on formal aspects of components, most of this was done in the context of integration into programming languages or operating system frameworks. As a consequence, increased reliability of composed systems is merely regarded as a side effect of a more rigid testing of pre-fabricated components. In contrast to this, Design for Verification (D4V) puts the focus on component specific property guarantees, which are used to design systems with high reliability requirements. D4V components are domain specific design pattern instances with well-defined property guarantees and usage rules, which are suitable for automatic verification. The guaranteed properties are explicitly used to select components according to key system requirements. The D4V hypothesis is that the same general architecture and design principles leading to good modularity, extensibility and complexity/functionality ratio can be adapted to overcome some of the limitations of conventional reliability assurance methods, such as too large a state space or too many execution paths. 1.
LBF: a performance metric for program reorganization (2002)

We introduce a new performance metric, called Load Balancing Factor (LBF), to assist programmers with evaluating different tuning alternatives. The LBF metric differs from traditional performance metrics since it is intended to measure the performance implications of a specific tuning alternative rather than quantifying where time is spent in the current version of the program. A second unique aspect of the metric is that it provides guidance about moving work within a distributed or parallel program rather than reducing it. A variation of the LBF metric can also be used to predict the performance impact of changing the underlying network. The LBF metric can be computed incrementally and online during the execution of the program to be tuned. We also present a case study that shows that our metric can predict the actual performance gains accurately for a test suite of six programs.
Two unreported modes of interlocking nail failure: breakout and screw bending (2002)

Summary Interlocking nails (ILN) have been successfully used to repair fractures of the humerus, femur, and tibia in dogs and cats. The purpose of these case reports is to describe two previously unreported complications of ILN use that occurred in three skeletally immature large breed dogs. Two cases of breakout of the ILN, through previously intact corticocancellous bone and one case of screw bending through the nail, resulted in loss of reduction and stability requiring additional surgery. Stability of the ILN construct depends upon proper placement of the ILN within the main fracture fragments, maximal medullary canal filling, and adequate nail and screw strength. In these cases, technical errors with ILN placement, relatively soft metaphyseal bone, as well as deficiencies in the ILN system may have factored into these failures.
Theoretical study of the contribution of aromatic side chains to the circular dichroism of basic bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (1989)

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is frequently employed to determine the secondary structure composition of a protein. However, this assumes that the far-UV region of the spectrum, which is used for these analyses, is due only to contributions from the polypeptide backbone. Basic bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) possesses an unusual far-UV CD spectrum, which has made such an analysis difficult. One possible reason for the discrepancy is that other chromophores, such as the aromatic side chains (four tyrosines, four phenylalanines), might be responsible. The CD spectrum of BPTI was calculated by employing a variation of the matrix method. Including only the peptide backbone gave poor agreement between theory and experiment. This was shown to be independent of the quality of the calculation performed. Subsequent inclusion of tyrosine contributions did little to improve the fit. However, further inclusion of the phenylalanine chromophores provided a good fit between the calculated and experimental far-UV spectrum. The important contributions arise from the cluster of aromatic amino acids formed by two tyrosines (Tyr21 and Tyr23) and three phenylalanines (Phe22, Phe4, and Phe45). Consideration of both types of side chains and the entire peptide backbone is essential to produce an accurate description of the CD curve. Overall, these results indicate that contributions from aromatic amino acids can significantly perturb the far-UV CD spectrum of a protein, making secondary structure analysis difficult. This is particularly true in systems like BPTI, with low amounts of alpha-helical structure and clusters of aromatic amino acids.
Aerogel beads as cryogenic thermal insulation system (2002)

An investigation of the use of aerogel beads as thermal insulation for cryogenic applications was conducted at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Steady-state liquid nitrogen boiloff methods were used to characterize the thermal performance of aerogel beads in comparison with conventional insulation products such as perlite powder and multilayer insulation (MLI). Aerogel beads produced by Cabot Corporation have a bulk density below 100 kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3) and a mean particle diameter of 1 millimeter (mm). The apparent thermal conductivity values of the bulk material have been determined under steady-state conditions at boundary temperatures of approximately 293 and 77 kelvin (K) and at various cold vacuum pressures (CVP). Vacuum levels ranged from 10−5 torr to 760 torr. All test articles were made in a cylindrical configuration with a typical insulation thickness of 25 mm. Temperature profiles through the thickness of the test specimens were also measured. The results showed the performance of the aerogel beads was significantly better than the conventional materials in both soft-vacuum (1 to 10 torr) and no-vacuum (760 torr) ranges. Opacified aerogel beads performed better than perlite powder under high-vacuum conditions. Further studies for material optimization and system application are in progress.