gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double-diffused MNOS transistor as a new non-volatile memory (1973)

A new device structure for MNOS non-volatile memory is proposed for the purpose of getting higher writing speed and lower writing voltage. Basic concept is quite analogous to the double-diffused MOS transistor, where the gate oxide is replaced by a combination of the ultrathin oxide of silicon and the silicon nitride. When operated by the hybridization mode of the direct tunneling and the avalanche injection, typical results are as follows: (a) writing time is reduced to less than 100 ns, and (b) writing voltage is about 25 volts which is 10 volts lower than the conventional MNOS structure with the same nitride and oxide thicknesses of 400 Å and 16.5 Å respectively.
Overexpression of DJ-1 and HSP90α, and loss of PTEN associated with invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: Possible prognostic markers (2011)

DJ-1 and HSP90α play a significant role in the progression of various types of cancer and are known to be associated with phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN), PI3K-p110α and pAkt, the signaling molecule proteins from the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. However, the expression of these proteins and their clinical significance are not well characterized in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Immunohistochemical analysis of DJ-1, HSP90α, PTEN, pAkt and PI3K-p110α expression was performed on tumor samples from 102 patients with UC to assess the relationship between the expression of each protein and the pathological parameters. The expression of DJ-1 and HSP90α was positively correlated with the pathological stage of UC, whereas PTEN expression negatively correlated with, not only the pathological stage, but also the growth pattern and histological grade of UC. Although PI3K-p110α expression was significantly correlated with DJ-1 as well as PTEN expression in UC, PI3K-p110α expression itself failed to reveal any significant correlation with the clinicopathological parameters. In conclusion, the overexpression of DJ-1 and HSP90α, and a loss of PTEN are associated with invasive UC, and PI3K-p110α expression is correlated with DJ-1 and PTEN expression in UC.
PIM-SM DR Priority Auto-Adjustment (2013)

This document defines some mechanisms for automatically adjusting the
Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) Designed Router (DR) priority
according to the status of the tracked interface. This approach can be
used to realize DR auto-switchover in case the DR loses the route to
multicast source or Rendezvous Point (RP).
Development and validation of a test of X-ray screener readiness (2002)

Advances in the threat against civil aviation have made it imperative that all security screening personnel have mastered critical knowledge, skills, and abilities for their position at the checkpoint. To accurately assess the level of screener mastery, the FAA plans to field a valid, reliable, and non-biased test for initial screener training: the Screener Readiness Test (SRT). This new approach is consistent with the newly released certification of screening companies that is delineated in a recent Notice of Proposed Rulemaking.
A fully integrated low-power BPSK demodulator for implantable medical devices (2005)

During the past decades, research has progressed on the biomedical implantable electronic devices that require power and data communication through wireless inductive links. In this paper, we present a fully integrated binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) demodulator, which is based on a hard-limited COSTAS loop topology, dedicated to such implantable medical devices. The experimental results of the proposed demodulator show a data transmission rate of 1.12 Mbps, less than 0.7 mW consumption under a supply voltage of 1.8 V, and silicon area of 0.2 mm/sup 2/ in the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) CMOS 0.18-/spl mu/m technology. The transmitter satisfies the requirement of applications relative to high forward-transferring data rate, such as cortical stimulation. Moreover, the employment of BPSK demodulation along with a passive modulation method allows full-duplex data communication between an external controller and the implantable device, which may improve the controllability and observability of the overall implanted system.
Comparison of the side effects of therapeutic cytapheresis and those of other types of hemapheresis. (1991)

The side effects of a series of 2418 hemapheresis procedures performed in a total of 570 subjects (patients and donors) are described. Patients with various diseases were subjected to plasmapheresis (926 procedures in 181 patients) or cytapheresis (305 procedures in 89 patients). One hundred twelve plasmapheresis procedures and 1075 of cytaphereses were also performed in 300 blood donors. A total of 225 complications involving 107 patients (39.6%) occurred during 196 (15.9%) therapeutic procedures. Among the blood donors only 45 complications, involving 35 patients (11.6%) occurred during 45 procedures (4.2%). The complications seen with therapeutic plasmaphereses were circulatory disturbances (38% of all those observed), citrate reactions (27%), technical problems (20%), allergic reactions (9%) and miscellaneous complications (6%). Therapeutic cytaphereses were complicated by citrate reactions (44%), technical problems (25%), circulatory disturbances (14%), allergic reactions (11%) and miscellaneous complications (6%). Complications in the blood donor group included circulatory disturbances (51%), technical problems (36%) and various other problems (13%). No infectious complications or deaths were observed. The probability that adverse reactions will occur depends on the condition of the patient, the frequency of the sessions and the volume of fluid exchanged. Evaluation of the main risk factors, use of less intensive protocols and interruption of the session at the first sign of disturbances will help improve patient tolerance of these procedures.
The molecular regulation of arteriovenous specification and maintenance (2015)

The formation of a hierarchical vascular network, composed of arteries, veins, and capillaries, is essential for embryogenesis and is required for the production of new functional vasculature in the adult. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate the differentiation of vascular endothelial cells into arterial and venous cell fates is requisite for regenerative medicine, as the directed formation of perfused vessels is desirable in a myriad of pathological settings, such as in diabetes and following myocardial infarction. Additionally, this knowledge will enhance our understanding and treatment of vascular anomalies, such as arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). From studies in vertebrate model organisms, such as mouse, zebrafish, and chick, a number of key signaling pathways have been elucidated that are required for the establishment and maintenance of arterial and venous fates. These include the Hedgehog, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt, and Notch signaling pathways. In addition, a variety of transcription factor families acting downstream of, or in concert with, these signaling networks play vital roles in arteriovenous (AV) specification. These include Notch and Notch-regulated transcription factors (e.g., HEY and HES), SOX factors, Forkhead factors, β-Catenin, ETS factors, and COUP-TFII. It is becoming apparent that AV specification is a highly coordinated process that involves the intersection and carefully orchestrated activity of multiple signaling cascades and transcriptional networks. This review will summarize the molecular mechanisms that are involved in the acquisition and maintenance of AV fate, and will highlight some of the limitations in our current knowledge of the molecular machinery that directs AV morphogenesis.
CFAR detection algorithm for ground target in heterogeneous clutter using high resolution SAR image (2011)

Because of increasing SAR image resolution, the well-known classical statistical SAR image models sometimes do not fit to heterogeneous environment. In this paper, G0 model based CFAR detector is proposed to detect the vehicle targets in the heterogeneous ground environment. The G0 distribution model is known as suitable for various degree of homogeneity and is adopted as the statistical model in this paper. Although G0 model well fits to heterogeneous SAR image, G0 based CFAR detector still has many false alarms arising from impulsive strong echoes. In order to reduce false alarms, which is occupied in a few pixels compared to actual target size, extended target window scheme is applied in this paper. Detection results are presented using high resolution real SAR image with the intended vehicle targets in the heterogeneous background environment.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging Methods for Fluid Typing (1998)

Abstract This is a review paper on applying Magnetic Resonance Imaging Logging (MRIL) methods for detecting and quantitatively measuring volumes occupied by brine, gas, and oil. These methods include Differential Spectrum Method (DSM), Enhanced Diffusion Method (EDM), Shift Spectrum Method (SSM) in transverse relaxation time (T2) domain or in spin-echo time domain (i.e., Time Domain Analysis; TDA), Total Porosity Measurement (TPM), and Injecting Contrast Agent Method (ICAM). The principles, data acquisitions, and data processes of these methods and their applications are introduced and discussed.
Catalysis and activation of magic states in fault-tolerant architectures (2011)

In many architectures for fault-tolerant quantum computing universality is achieved by a combination of Clifford group unitary operators and preparation of suitable nonstabilizer states, the so-called magic states. Universality is possible even for some fairly noisy nonstabilizer states, as distillation can convert many noisy copies into fewer purer magic states. Here we propose protocols that exploit multiple species of magic states in surprising ways. These protocols provide examples of previously unobserved phenomena that are analogous to catalysis and activation well known in entanglement theory.
Demonstration of an Acid-Spun Single-Walled Nanotube Fiber Cathode (2012)

Field emission dc cold cathodes continue as an important area of research for uses such as electron microscopy, novel X-ray sources, vacuum electronic devices, terahertz sources, and high-power microwave tubes. Each of these applications typically requires high current densities with high-brightness electron beams driven by cathodes exhibiting long lifetime in the presence of deleterious conditions such as ion back bombardment and excessive heating. The Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) now investigates cathodes operating in dc mode for use in a terahertz traveling wave tube (TWT). The TWT requires an electron beam of 50 μm in diameter or less, at 10s of kiloelectronvolt energy with energy spreads of less than 10 eV. While AFRL has tested numerous cathodes in this regime, this paper reports on the first demonstration of a dc cathode utilizing a highly aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) rope for the electron emitter. The rope consists of individual single-walled CNTs that have been subjected to a nitrogen-enhanced acid etch and then spun into a rope configuration. Thus, the single rope emitter has an overall diameter of 100 m and a length of 1.5 mm. We report on preliminary results from this cathode, in particular the fabrication of the cathode, the dc cathode test system, and the cathode operation up to a voltage of 5 kV. The cathode operates stably to within 0.6% with a 5-mm anode-cathode gap at 5 keV and 1.0-mA current for hundreds of hours. Finally, we provide estimates of the cathode parameters such as the effective field enhancement factor (β <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> ) and emitting area (A) through a Fowler-Nordheim plot and comparison of the experimental data with simulations utilizing the particle-in-cell code Improved Concurrent Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell.
Doping by Large-Size-Mismatched Impurities: The Microscopic Origin of Arsenic- or Antimony-Doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-Type Zinc Oxide (2004)

Based on first-principles calculations, a model for large-size-mismatched group-V dopants in ZnO is proposed. The dopants do not occupy the O sites as is widely perceived, but rather the Zn sites: each forms a complex with two spontaneously induced Zn vacancies in a process that involves fivefold As coordination. Moreover, an As(Zn)-2V(Zn) complex may have lower formation energy than any of the parent defects. Our model agrees with the recent observations that both As and Sb have low acceptor-ionization energies and that to obtain p-type ZnO requires O-rich growth or annealing conditions.
Reaction Sintering of Cubic Boron Nitride Using Volatile Catalysts (1993)

Reaction sintering behavior of cBN, which is accompanied by the transformation from hBN to cBN in the presence of 30 wt% diamond seed grains, was investigated under high pressure conditions (6.0–7.5 GPa, 1400–1700°C, 0–30 min) using volatile catalysts such as NH 4 NO 3 , NH 4 Cl, and NH 2 NH 2 . Fully dense sintered compacts having a Vickers microhardness of more than 5000 kg/mm 2 were prepared with no residual catalytic solid components. The activation energy for the conversion from hBN to cBN was 200–230 kJ/mol. Adsorbed N 2 , H 2 , and/or NH x components which were formed by decomposition of these catalysts during high pressure and temperature treatments, would have a favorable kinetic effect on cBN formation from hBN and its simultaneous sintering.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N‐ACETYLCYSTEINE COMPOUNDS (1977)

The preparation of some anilides, esters and amides of N-acetyl and N,S-diacetyl-cysteine is described. Of the compounds synthesized, particular interest was aroused by the p-hydroxyanilide derivatives of N-acetyl and N,S-diacetyl-L-cysteine owing to their analgesic, antiinflammatory and antipyretic activity.
Liver disease—Significant improvement with lamivudine (2000)

The natural history of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is highly variable, ranging from a benign course to one of shortened life expectancy. Liver histology represents an accurate tool for assessing progressive liver disease, and has been used in five recent Phase III clinical trials of the oral nucleoside analogue, lamivudine, 100 mg/day, in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Significant improvements in the Knodell histological activity index (HAI) score were reported with lamivudine, with greater decreases noted after 2 years of therapy, consistent with continued alanine transaminase (ALT) normalisation. Histological data showed that lamivudine therapy can resolve or lessen the progression of fibrosis, and reduce the progression to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B. These trials also showed that lamivudine provoked significant enhancement of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) seroconversion compared with placebo, and had a profound effect on serum HBV DNA, resulting in rapid suppression of viraemia. The emergence of variants with a mutation in the YMDD (tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-as-partate) motif did not cause significant worsening of the Knodell HAI score. In conclusion, lamivudine is the first oral antiviral therapy for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. It reduces significantly the severity of liver disease and reduces progression to cirrhosis. In addition, because lamivudine is well tolerated it represents a viable therapeutic option that may improve the prognosis of patients with chronic hepatitis B. J. Med. Virol. 61:380–385, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Convenient and Versatile Synthesis of Chiral Aliphatic and Allylic Amines (1990)

Preparation of optically pure aliphatic and allylic amines from amino acids is described. Wittig olefination of α-Boc-amino aldehydes affords Boc-protected allylic amines which can be deprotected to the corresponding chiral unsaturated amines. Catalytic reduction of the Wittig product prior to deprotection affords aliphatic amines of high optical purity.
Soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) is not as effective as cobra venom factor in the treatment of experimental allergic neuritis (1997)

To further investigate the role of complement activation in Experimental Allergic Neuritis (EAN), the effect of systemic complement blockade by soluble CR1 (sCR1) was compared to complement depletion by Cobra Venom Factor (CVF) in EAN rats immunized with bovine peripheral nerve myelin. EAN rats treated with CVF (n = 10) had significantly reduced clinical scores compared to rats treated with sCR1 (n = 9) or saline (n = 10) (score: sCR1 0.66 +/- 0.7; CVF 0; saline 0.6 +/- 0.8; mean +/- SD). CVF treatment more effectively decreased inflammation and demyelination compared to sCR1 treatment which had only a partial effect (inflammation: sCR1 1.8 +/- 1.4; CVF 0.3 +/- 0.7; saline 1.9 +/- 1.2; demyelination; sCR1 1.3 +/- 1; CVF 0.1 +/- 0.6; saline 1.7 +/- 1.2). In lumbosacral nerve roots significantly less infiltrating ED1 positive macrophages and CD11bc (expressing complement receptor 3 or CR3) positive inflammatory cells were present in CVF treated EAN rats while there was a limited decrease in inflammation in the sCR1 treated animals compared to the saline treated rats (ED1: sCR1 1.4 +/- 1.2; CVF 0.5 +/- 0.6; saline 1.7 +/- 1.2; CD11bc: sCR1 1.9 +/- 1.2; CVF 0.9 +/- 1; saline 2.1 +/- 1.2). Our findings suggest that complement depletion by CVF is more effective than complement blockade by sCR1 in reducing the severity of inflammatory peripheral nerve demyelination.
Isosorbide as a novel polar head derived from renewable resources. Application to the design of short-chain amphiphiles with hydrotropic properties (2008)

The potential use of isosorbide, an original diol readily obtained by the double dehydration of sorbitol, has been investigated for the synthesis of novel amphiphilic species. The hydrophilicity of this polar head has been assessed via the synthesis and evaluation of three short-chain monoalkyl derivatives. The isosorbide polar head appears to have an unexpectedly low hydrophilicity, comparable to a diethylene oxide unit and it exhibits similar sensitivity to temperature changes. The monobutyl and monopentyl ethers of isosorbide have been found to be very efficient for the solubilisation of a model hydrophobic compound in water, giving promising hints on the use of isosorbide for the design of hydrotropic compounds.
A literatual studies on the cataract, glaucoma, bluish glaucoma (1999)

Based on the research of cataract, glaucoma, bluish glaucoma, we have abtained the following results. 1. Main etiologies of the cataract are deficiency of the liver and kidneys, main symptoms are no nebula, no pain, no tear and sometimes light blue and white vision appear. 2. Main etiologies of glaucoma are receives heat from the liver, stagnation of the liver and gall bladder etc, main symptoms are both forehead corner pull each ether, pain from eye ball to nasal septum, headache, extending pain of the eyes, sometimes red and white flower vision appear, etc. 3. main etiologies of the bluish glaucoma are melancholy, wrath, stagnation of the liver, internal damage, flaming up fire of the phlegm, deficiency of the liver, deficiency of blood, etc, main symptoms are numbness, visual field constriction, blindness, reduce of visual capacity, blue flower vision sometimes appear, etc. 4. Treatments are mainly uses nourish Um(陰) to reduce pathogenic fire, relieve stagnancy of Ki(氣) of the liver, nourish Um(陰) of the liver and kidneys, etc, acupuncture points are mostly contended arounded eyes such as BL10)(天柱), GV16(風府), LR3)(太衝), HT5)(通里) and in the case of nauses and vomitting PC6)(內關, ST36)(足三里) are included in addition to the above.
<i>Introduction to Percolation Theory</i> (1993)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Dietrich Stauffer, Amnon Aharony, Sidney Redner; Introduction to Percolation Theory. Physics Today 1 April 1993; 46 (4): 64. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2808877 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
The Quantitative Hydrogenation of Substituted Azo Compounds with Raney Nickel at Normal Temperature and Pressure (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Quantitative Hydrogenation of Substituted Azo Compounds with Raney Nickel at Normal Temperature and PressureW. F. Whitmore and A. J. RevukasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 7, 1687–1693Publication Date (Print):July 6, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 6 July 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01864a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01864a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views339Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts