gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Operations of a Micro-Rover for Geo-Science on Mars (2000)

ABSTRACT. This paper describes the end-to-end control system used to program and supervise autonomous operations of a micro-rover placed on the Mars surface by a lander spacecraft. This rover, named Nanokhod, is characterised by an exceptionally high payload-mass/total-mass ratio. The Nanokhod weighs only about 3 kg but carries a payload of about 1.5 kg of scientific instruments. This is achieved by providing power to the rover from the lander through the tether rather than from energy sources on the rover. The tether also carries data and commands between the lander and the rover. To accomplish the required autonomy within the restrictions of the mission scenario, a novel end-toend control system has been designed, featuring a control station to program high-level commands for the lander-rover pair. These commands are uplinked to the space segment to be executed autonomously. Data uploaded to the space segment during a communications window describes rover and lander operations for an entire day.
Development of a novel probabilistic algorithm for localization of rotors during atrial fibrillation (2016)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular heart rhythm that can lead to stroke and other heart-related complications. Catheter ablation has been commonly used to destroy triggering sources of AF in the atria and consequently terminate the arrhythmia. However, efficient and accurate localization of the AF sustaining sources known as rotors is a major challenge in catheter ablation. In this paper, we developed a novel probabilistic algorithm that can adaptively guide a Lasso diagnostic catheter to locate the center of a rotor. Our algorithm uses a Bayesian updating approach to search for and locate rotors based on the characteristics of electrogram signals collected at every catheter placement. The algorithm was evaluated using a 10 × 10 cm 2 D atrial tissue simulation of the Nygren human atrial cell model and was able to successfully guide the catheter to the rotor center in 3.37 ± 1.05 (mean±std) steps (including placement at the center) when starting from any location on the tissue. Our novel automated algorithm can potentially play a significant role in patient-specific ablation of AF sources and increase the success of AF elimination procedures.
2-Deoxy-ATP Enhances Contractility of Rat Cardiac Muscle (2000)

To investigate the kinetic parameters of the crossbridge cycle that regulate force and shortening in cardiac muscle, we compared the mechanical properties of cardiac trabeculae with either ATP or 2-deoxy-ATP (dATP) as the substrate for contraction. Comparisons were made in trabeculae from untreated rats (predominantly V1 myosin) and those treated with propylthiouracil (PTU; V3 myosin). Steady-state hydrolytic activity of cardiac heavy meromyosin (HMM) showed that PTU treatment resulted in >40% reduction of ATPase activity. dATPase activity was >50% elevated above ATPase activity in HMM from both untreated and PTU-treated rats. V(max) of actin-activated hydrolytic activity was also >50% greater with dATP, whereas the K(m) for dATP was similar to that for ATP. This indicates that dATP increased the rate of crossbridge cycling in cardiac muscle. Increases in hydrolytic activity were paralleled by increases of 30% to 80% in isometric force (F(max)), rate of tension redevelopment (k(tr)), and unloaded shortening velocity (V(u)) in trabeculae from both untreated and PTU-treated rats (at maximal Ca(2+) activation), and F-actin sliding speed in an in vitro motility assay (V(f)). These results contrast with the effect of dATP in rabbit psoas and soleus fibers, where F(max) is unchanged even though k(tr), V(u), and V(f) are increased. The substantial enhancement of mechanical performance with dATP in cardiac muscle suggests that it may be a better substrate for contractility than ATP and warrants exploration of ribonucleotide reductase as a target for therapy in heart failure.
Human glioblastoma cell lines: levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein. (2000)

The status of the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor and LDL receptor-related protein (LRP) in seven human glioma cell lines was evaluated to extend our knowledge of human glioblastoma multiforme tumor metabolism for future drug design. Cell lines SF-767, SF-763, A-172, U-87 MG, U-251 MG, U-343 MG, and SF-539 were used. Binding of 125I-labeled LDL to these cells at 4 degrees C was carried out to determine the number of LDL receptors on cells and the affinity of LDL for these receptors. The content of LRP was measured by immunoblotting. The presence of specific saturable LDL receptors was proven in six of the cell lines investigated. SF-767 cells revealed high-affinity LDL binding (equilibrium dissociation constant, Kd = 7 nM) and maximum binding capacity approximating 300,000 receptors/cell. Most of the remaining cell lines had relatively lower affinity (Kd = 38-62 nM) but also had very high numbers of receptors (128,000-950,000/cell). All cell lines exhibited LRP, but the expression was variable. The cell lines SF-539, U-87 MG, and U-343 MG were particularly rich in this protein. The data suggest that glioblastoma cells have high numbers of LDL receptors; however, there is considerable variation in binding affinity. Overall, this finding suggests that LDL receptors on glioblastoma cells could potentially be useful for targeting antitumor agents. LRP, a multifunctional receptor expressed on glioblastoma cells, also has the possibility for serving as a therapeutic target.
Statins for age-related macular degeneration (2015)

Evidence from currently available RCTs is insufficient to conclude that statins have a role in preventing or delaying the onset or progression of AMD.
Time and orientation dependence of ordering in anodized aluminum for self-organized magnetic arrays (2000)

Anodization experiments to create alumina pores were performed using pure Al and hard disk Al–Mg substrates. A single step anodization was employed for up to 40 h to determine the time dependence of pore ordering. The pores formed from the Al–Mg substrate were unordered, while ordered-pore domains as large as 3 μm form in both the as-rolled and annealed pure Al samples. The effect of the aluminum grain crystallographic orientation was investigated via orientation-imaging microscopy for the pure Al surface with both order and disordered pores. It was found that neither heat treatment nor crystallographic orientation played a large role in the pore ordering.
The Role of Ligands in Determining the Exciton Relaxation Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2013)

This article reviews the mechanisms through which molecules adsorbed to the surfaces of semiconductor nanocrystals, quantum dots (QDs), influence the pathways for and dynamics of intra- and interband exciton relaxation in these nanostructures. In many cases, the surface chemistry of the QDs determines the competition between Auger relaxation and electronic-to-vibrational energy transfer in the intraband cooling of hot carriers, and between electron or hole-trapping processes and radiative recombination in relaxation of band-edge excitons. The latter competition determines the photoluminescence quantum yield of the nanocrystals, which is predictable through a set of mostly phenomenological models that link the surface coverage of ligands with specific chemical properties to the rate constants for nonradiative exciton decay.
Zernike-Moment-Based Image Super Resolution (2011)

Multiframe super-resolution (SR) reconstruction aims to produce a high-resolution (HR) image using a set of low-resolution (LR) images. In the process of reconstruction, fuzzy registration usually plays a critical role. It mainly focuses on the correlation between pixels of the candidate and the reference images to reconstruct each pixel by averaging all its neighboring pixels. Therefore, the fuzzy-registration-based SR performs well and has been widely applied in practice. However, if some objects appear or disappear among LR images or different angle rotations exist among them, the correlation between corresponding pixels becomes weak. Thus, it will be difficult to use LR images effectively in the process of SR reconstruction. Moreover, if the LR images are noised, the reconstruction quality will be affected seriously. To address or at least reduce these problems, this paper presents a novel SR method based on the Zernike moment, to make the most of possible details in each LR image for high-quality SR reconstruction. Experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms existing methods in terms of robustness and visual effects.
Nitric oxide synthases reveal a role for calmodulin in controlling electron transfer. (1993)

Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized within the immune, vascular, and nervous systems, where it acts as a wide-ranging mediator of mammalian physiology. The NO synthases (EC 1.14.13.39) isolated from neurons or endothelium are calmodulin dependent. Calmodulin binds reversibly to neuronal NO synthase in response to elevated Ca2+, triggering its NO production by an unknown mechanism. Here we show that calmodulin binding allows NADPH-derived electrons to pass onto the heme group of neuronal NO synthase. Calmodulin-triggered electron transfer to heme was independent of substrate binding, caused rapid enzymatic oxidation of NADPH in the presence of O2, and was required for NO synthesis. An NO synthase isolated from cytokine-induced macrophages that contains tightly bound calmodulin catalyzed spontaneous electron transfer to its heme, consistent with bound calmodulin also enabling electron transfer within this isoform. Together, these results provide a basis for how calmodulin may regulate NO synthesis. The ability of calmodulin to trigger electron transfer within an enzyme is unexpected and represents an additional function for calcium-binding proteins in biology.
Potyviral HC-Pro: a multifunctional protein (1996)

Introduction. The genus Potyvirus, family Potyviridae, is the largest genus of plant viruses with 180 members or possible members (Brunt, 1992). Potyviruses are flexuous filamentous particles which contain a single-stranded RNA genome of positive polarity possessing a covalently linked 5′-terminal viral protein (VPg) and a 3′-terminal poly(A) tail (reviewed in Riechmann et al., 1992). They are transmitted from plant to plant by aphids in a non-persistent manner, and this process is dependent on the presence of two virus-encoded proteins (reviewed in Pirone, 1991). One of these, the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro) has attracted renewed attention during the last few years due to its multifunctionality and to it being implicated in different steps of the potyvirus life cycle. The properties, as well as the established and postulated functions of this protein, are reviewed.
Wound Fluid Bacterial Levels Exceed Tissue Bacterial Counts in Controlled Porcine Partial-Thickness Burn Infections (2003)

In the present study, an established controlled burn wound model was used to test the hypothesis that controlled surface contamination with is capable of generating a noninvasive method for the creation of a reproducible deep tissue burn wound infection. Using a liquid tight-wound chamber in Yorkshire pigs, partial-thickness burns were inoculated with saline-immersed for 24 hours. Noninoculated burns and unwounded skin immersed in normal saline served as controls. Bacterial cultures of wound fluid were performed daily, and tissue biopsies for bacteriological and histological evaluations were performed on days 1, 3, and 5. was only recovered from -inoculated wounds (tissue and fluid), whereas all controls contained endogenous only. The number of colony-forming units per gram of wound tissue did not correlate with the bacterial counts found in the overlying wound fluid for any wounds. Fluid counts were consistently higher than tissue counts by two logs. -inoculated wounds showed three times deeper tissue destruction than control wounds. Obtaining consistently deep tissue colonization without cross-contamination among wounds, this study introduces a noninvasive model for controlled burn wound infection suitable for future investigations regarding the efficacy of topical antibiotic wound treatment in experimental burns.
NADH Binds and Stabilizes the 26S Proteasomes Independent of ATP (2014)

The 26S proteasome is the end point of the ubiquitin- and ATP-dependent degradation pathway. The 26S proteasome complex (26S PC) integrity and function has been shown to be highly dependent on ATP and its homolog nucleotides. We report here that the redox molecule NADH binds the 26S PC and is sufficient in maintaining 26S PC integrity even in the absence of ATP. Five of the 19S proteasome complex subunits contain a putative NADH binding motif (GxGxxG) including the AAA-ATPase subunit, Psmc1 (Rpt2). We demonstrate that recombinant Psmc1 binds NADH via the GxGxxG motif. Introducing the ΔGxGxxG Psmc1 mutant into cells results in reduced NADH-stabilized 26S proteasomes and decreased viability following redox stress induced by the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone. The newly identified NADH binding of 26S proteasomes advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of protein degradation and highlights a new link between protein homeostasis and the cellular metabolic/redox state.
Vision-based adaptive guidance law for intercepting a manoeuvring target (2011)

This article introduces an adaptive guidance law for intercepting a manoeuvring target using information from an imaging seeker. The relative missile–target kinematics is represented in the line-of-sight (LOS) frame, and the image information – instead of the relative range – is introduced to formulate the interception problem as an adaptive control problem with an unknown control coefficient. Considering the target's acceleration as a time-varying bounded external disturbance, an estimator with an adaptive property is derived. It is proven that the proposed guidance law can guarantee the LOS angular rates global uniform ultimate boundedness during the terminal course. The effectiveness of the proposed guidance law has been demonstrated in simulations for two kinds of typical manoeuvring targets.
İnanç Turizmi Kapsamında Aziz Pavlus Evinin Önemi Ve Tanıtım Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Ziyaretçi Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi/ The Importance Of St. Paul's House Within The Scope Of The Religious Tourism And Evaluation Of The Visitors' Views Related To The (2012)

Anadolu, farkli inanc gruplarina sahip insanlar icin kutsal sayilan yerlesim yerleri, kilise ve anitlarin bircoguna ev sahipligi yapmaktadir. 2008 yilindan bu yana Hiristiyanlarca hac merkezi olarak ziyaret edilen Aziz Pavlus Evi de uluslararasi dini turizm hareketleri icerisinde bir potansiyele sahiptir. Bu calismada, Aziz Pavlus Evininin tanitma faaliyetlerinin yeterliligine iliskin yabanci ziyaretcilerin gorusleri incelenmistir. Bu amacla, Aziz Pavlus Evini ziyaret eden yabanci ziyaretciler icerisinden basit rasgele ornekleme yontemine gore secilen 385 birey ile bir anket uygulanmistir. Derlenen veriler, betimleyici istatistiklerden yararlanilarak ve cesitli istatistiksel analizler (Ki-Kare Bagimsizlik Testi, Tek Yonlu Varyans Analizi, Tukey HSD Testi) kullanilarak cozumlenmis ve yorumlanmistir. Buna gore; turistlerin, Aziz Pavlus Evinin tanitiminda kullanilan halkla iliskiler faaliyetlerini daha basarili bulduklari belirlenmistir. Bununla birlikte, Hiristiyanlarin Aziz Pavlus Evini siklikla gunubirlik turlar ile ziyaret etmeleri dolayisiyla bolgenin bir inanc turizm merkezi olarak degerlendirilemeyecegi sonucuna ulasilmistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Turizmde Tanitim, Inanc Turizmi, Aziz Pavlus, Tarsus. Abstract Anatolia contains many of the churches, monuments and settlements which are regarded as sacred space for people from different religious groups. The St. Paul's House, visited as a center of pilgrimage by Christians since 2008, has a great potential in the international movement of religious tourism. In this paper, foreign visitors' views of St. Paul's House related to the qualification of the promotional activities are investigated. For this purpose, a survey is performed in accordance with the method of simple random sampling with 385 individuals among foreign visitors who visited St. Paul's House. The collected data is analyzed by using descriptive statistics and various statistical analyses (Chi-Square Test of Independence, One-Way ANOVA, Tukey HSD Test). As a result of the statistical findings from the survey, tourists think that the activities of public relations, used in the promotion of this tendency, are more successful. Besides, it is concluded that this place should not be considered as a religious tourism center because Christians frequently visit this place with one-day tours. Key Words: Tourism Promotion, Religious Tourism, Saint Paul, Tarsus.
On bit allocation and Lagrange Multiplier adjustment for rate-distortion optimized H.264 rate control (2009)

This paper presents an on bit allocation and Lagrange multiplier (lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MODE</sub> ) adjustment for H.264 rate control. To enhance the precision of the complexity estimation and bit allocation, a frequency-domain parameter named mean-absolute-transform-difference (MATD) is adopted to represent frame and macroblock (MB) residual complexity. Second, the MATD ratio is utilized to enhance the accuracy of frame layer bit prediction. Then, by considering the bit usage status of whole sequence, a measurements combining forward and backward bit analysis is proposed to optimize the lambda <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MODE</sub> on frame layer. On MB layer, bits are allocated by proposed remaining complexity analysis. The computed quantization parameter (QP) is further adjusted according to predicted MB texture bits. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed algorithm. Compared with the recommended rate control in H.264 reference software JM13.2, the PSNR improvement is up to 1.13 dB by using our algorithm.
Detection of M2-Macrophages in Uveal Melanoma and Relation with Survival (2010)

The main type of macrophage present in uveal melanoma was the M2 type. Tumors with monosomy of chromosome 3 contained a higher number of M2-macrophages than tumors with disomy of chromosome 3. Infiltration of M2-type macrophages gives a worse prognosis for survival. As M2-type macrophages are proangiogenic, a high density of these cells may contribute to the previously noticed positive association between the density of CD68(+) macrophages and blood vessels.
Hyaluronic acid in the treatment of postmenopausal women with atrophic vaginitis (2011)

filling the pelvis with vascularized soft tissue, thereby preventing the formation of fixed small-bowel loops in the pelvis. At the time of writing, the woman was healthy, had completed adjuvant pelvic radiotherapy, and was scheduled to start carboplatinbased chemotherapy. To conclude, en bloc resection of the rectum may enable optimal cytoreduction in womenwith rectovaginal fistula caused by recurrent ovarian cancer.
공산품과 결합된 의료기기의 수리절차 규제개선에 관한 연구 (2014)

According to the need for spreading self-care preferences, new convergence products have been seen in medical device industries. Although medical...
Low-thermal surface preparation, HCl etch and Si/SiGe selective epitaxy on (1 1 0) silicon surfaces (2008)

We have first investigated the influence of the in situ H2 bake temperature (between 750 ?C and 850 ?C) on (1?0?0) and (1?1?0) fullsheet surface preparations (after 'HF-last' wet cleaning). A strong increase of the (1?1?0) surface roughness occurred when baking between 750 and 775 ?C, with high C and O contamination peaks at the Si substrate/Si overlayer interface. A high H2 bake temperature (?800 ?C) is thus mandatory for both (1?0?0) and (1?1?0) Si surfaces. We have also studied the 750 ?C?950 ?C, high HCl partial pressure etch of blanket Si wafers. HCl etch rates are roughly four times higher on (1?1?0) than on (1?0?0). Etch rate activation energies are however quite close to each other (57 kcal mol?1 on (1?0?0) ? 59 kcal mol?1 on (1?0?0)), suggesting similar etch-limiting mechanisms. We have then investigated the low-temperature growth of high Ge content (10?37%) SiGe layers on blanket Si wafers with dichlorosilane + germane chemistry (selective versus SiO2 on patterned wafers). The SiGe growth rate on (1?1?0) bows downwards from linearity and then saturates when increasing the germane mass flow. In contrast, it almost linearly increases on (1?0?0) surfaces, reaching values more than three times higher than on (1?1?0). A parabolic relationship between experimental Ge concentrations and the F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2) mass-flow ratio has been evidenced on (1?0?0). In contrast, a linear relationship links the (1?1?0) Ge concentration to the F(GeH4)/F(SiH2Cl2) mass-flow ratio. Finally, 63 and 65 kcal mol?1 activation energies are associated with the fullsheet Si growth rate increase with the inverse absolute temperature on (1?0?0) and (1?1?0) (dichlorosilane chemistry). The GR(1?1?0)/GR(1?0?0) Si growth rate ratio, ?0.74, is close to the dangling bond surface density (DBSD) ratio (DBSD(1?1?0)/DBSD(1?0?0) ? 0.71). Such growth rate discrepancies are thus justified by these DBSD differences. Results obtained on fullsheet wafers have been used to selectively grow SiGe/Si stacks on (1?0?0) and (1?1?0) patterned Si wafers for silicon-on-nothing and localized-silicon-on-insulator purposes, respectively.
Synthesis of multicyclic and grafted polystyrenes (2001)

Abstract Well‐defined multicyclic polystyrenes are prepared in two steps. The first step is the preparation of a cyclic difunctional polystyrene by the reaction of α,ω‐dilithiopolystyrene chains with 1,3‐bis(phenylethenyl)benzene. Then, this product is covalently grafted to poly(chloromethylstyrene) chains leading to the formation of a high molar mass product containing linear and cyclic parts. As a model reaction and to optimize the previous reaction, a study of coupling of the linear difunctional model polystyrene with poly(chloromethylstyrene) is performed leading to grafted polystyrene. The grafted products are analyzed by size‐exclusion chromatography, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography at the exclusion‐adsorption transition point. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 39: 2723–2730, 2001
Environmental Effects on Cell Composition (2013)

Many microalgae, regardless of their origins, possess a similar biochemical composition (on a basis of total organic carbon in the cells), particularly the relative amounts of crude protein, lipid, and carbohydrate, when grown rapidly under favorable culture conditions. This default setting, however, can be readily changed by environmental factors to bestow maximum flexibility and robustness on microalgae to permit proliferation or survival in the changing environment. In this chapter, the effects of major environmental factors (light, temperature, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, salinity, pH, etc.) on the biochemical composition of microalgae are described and the biotechnological implications are discussed.