gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CYCLOSPORINE-INDUCED AUTOREACTIVE T LYMPHOCYTES IN SOLID ORGAN ALLOGRAFT SURVIVAL AND CHRONIC REJECTION (1995)

Cyclosporine (CsA) has profound but paradoxical effects on the immune system. CsA can facilitate the induction of transplantation tolerance in some animal systems but it inhibits the clonal deletion of MHC class II autoreactive T cells. The present studies evaluated whether the autoreactive T cells participate in the induction of facilitated graft acceptance after CsA treatment by recognizing and eliminating activated allograft responsive T cells that express MHC class II determinants. Transfer of autoreactive T cells into naive Lewis rats pretreated with cyclophosphamide significantly prolonged the survival of heterotopic cardiac allografts from MHC-disparate BN strain donors. Following transfer of the autoreactive T cells, there was a marked reduction in the frequency of alloreactive T lymphocytes responsive to donor alloantigens. The role of MHC class II autoreactive CD8+ V beta 8.5+ T cells in facilitated graft acceptance was also supported by the findings that (1) treatment with anti-MHC class II antibody abrogated prolonged allograft survival after CsA therapy and (2) V beta 8.5+ lymphocytes infiltrate the allograft during CsA therapy but are absent in the graft in non-CsA-treated control animals. Although these data are consistent with the hypothesis that autoreactive T cells prolong cardiac allograft survival after CsA treatment, the autoaggressive cells failed to inhibit the development of chronic rejection of both heart and skin allografts. These data suggest either that the autoreactive T cells do not inhibit immune mechanisms responsible for chronic graft rejection or that the autoaggressive lymphocytes may participate in and exacerbate chronic rejection of allografts. Taken together, the induction of MHC class II autoreactive T cells may provide a common fundamental mechanism explaining the paradoxical effects of CsA.
Flow‐adaptive moderation of spurious ensemble correlations and its use in ensemble‐based data assimilation (2007)

Abstract Many ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) data assimilation (DA) schemes reduce the effect of spurious ensemble correlations caused by small ensemble size by multiplying the correlations by moderation functions . Moderation functions envelop true error correlation functions. Ideal moderation functions would adapt to variations in the movement and width of true error correlation functions. Here, we describe a new method in which flow‐dependent moderation functions are built from powers of smoothed ensemble correlations. The approach imparts to the moderation function movement and width information retained by the smoothed ensemble correlations. Spurious smoothed ensemble correlations are attenuated by raising them to a power. Simple systems were used to compare DA performance using such Smoothed ENsemble COrrelations Raised to a Power (SENCORP) moderation functions against DA performance using optimally tuned but non‐adaptive moderation functions. The simple systems considered feature propagating error correlation functions and error correlation functions with variable width. It was found that when significant spatio‐temporal variations in the true error correlation function are present, SENCORP moderation functions are superior to non‐adaptive moderation functions. In the absence of spatio‐temporal variations, the DA performance of SENCORP moderation functions was found to be statistically indistinguishable from the DA performance of non‐adaptive moderation functions. An example using a primitive equation global model is given to illustrate how the method could be used to improve the performance of a local ensemble Kalman filter/smoother, particularly when larger observation volumes are used, to better account for error propagation and/or observations that represent vertically averaged variables. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical and Spectrometric Analysis of Electron-Damaged LDPE (2019)

Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a nonpolar polymer commonly used as an insulating material. Although its applications in the spacecraft industry are limited, LDPE is widely utilized as a model system to study electron transport through disordered insulating materials under simulated space weather conditions. The charge transport models developed using this system may then be extended to more commonly used spacecraft materials such as polyimides. Several proposed charge transport models share high complexity and many free fitting parameters. For better estimation of initial values of these free parameters, the correlation between charge transport and its chemical origins should be made. Whenever possible, experimental measurements should be used as initial values for each of the free fitting parameters to improve model accuracy. In this paper, we studied alterations of the chemical properties of LDPE after irradiation by high-energy (100 keV) electrons using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and bulk conductivity measurements. Moreover, we utilized a quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS) to identify the ablated species released from the solid during irradiation. These measurements offer insight into the structural and chemical damages of the material. Results of the performed analysis are correlated with the underlying chemical changes that occur in LDPE during irradiation.
Magnetic Field Modeling of Permanent Magnet Type Electronically Operated Synchronous Machines Using Finite Elements (1981)

The finite element method is applied to the analysis of electronically operated permanent magnet type synchronous machines. In this class of machines, the armature MMF is a discretely forward stepping one of high harmonic content. The discretely stepping MMF is accounted for by a series of finite element field solutions as the rotor moves throughout one complete cycle of the ac armature current. Because of the discretely forward travelling MMF, a series of finite element grids depicting the rotor at various equally spaced locations, covering its movement during one cycle of the armature current, is required. This is accomplished by means of an automated algorithm for generation of the required finite elemennt grids. This allows one to match any stator grid to any rotor grid for any given displacement between the two grids. This matching is done in the air gap region by fitting it with a suitable row of triangular elements. In addition, a permanent magnet model is developed based upon the magnet geometry and material properties. This method was applied to the analysis of a 15 hp samarium cobalt machine at both rated and no load conditions. The calculated results were in excellent agreement with search coil measurements at both of these operating conditions. These solutions were then used to determine the midgap EMF waveforms. The calculated midgap EMF was in excellent agreement with an oscillogram of the actual EMF in both waveshape and magnitude.
Glycans modify mesenchymal stem cell differentiation to impact on the function of resulting osteoblasts (2018)

Glycans are inherently heterogeneous, yet glycosylation is essential in eukaryotes, and glycans show characteristic cell type-dependent distributions. By using an immortalized human mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) line model, we show that both <i>N</i>- and O-glycan processing in the Golgi functionally modulates early steps of osteogenic differentiation. We found that inhibiting O-glycan processing in the Golgi prior to the start of osteogenesis inhibited the mineralization capacity of the formed osteoblasts 3 weeks later. In contrast, inhibition of <i>N</i>-glycan processing in MSCs altered differentiation to enhance the mineralization capacity of the osteoblasts. The effect of <i>N</i>-glycans on MSC differentiation was mediated by the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway owing to reduced Akt phosphorylation. Interestingly, by inhibiting PI3K during the first 2 days of osteogenesis, we were able to phenocopy the effect of inhibiting <i>N</i>-glycan processing. Thus, glycan processing provides another layer of regulation that can modulate the functional outcome of differentiation. Glycan processing can thereby offer a novel set of targets for many therapeutically attractive processes.
Estrogen-related Receptors Stimulate Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase Isoform 4 Gene Expression (2006)

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA in mitochondria and is a key regulatory enzyme in the oxidation of glucose to acetyl-CoA. Phosphorylation of PDC by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDK2 and PDK4) inhibits PDC activity. Expression of the PDK genes is elevated in diabetes, leading to the decreased oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. In these studies we have investigated the transcriptional regulation of the PDK4 gene by the estrogen-related receptors (ERRalpha and ERRgamma). The ERRs are orphan nuclear receptors whose physiological roles include the induction of fatty acid oxidation in heart and muscle. Previously, we found that the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) stimulates the expression of PDK4. Here we report that ERRalpha and ERRgamma stimulate the PDK4 gene in hepatoma cells, suggesting a novel role for ERRs in controlling pyruvate metabolism. In addition, both ERR isoforms recruit PGC-1alpha to the PDK4 promoter. Insulin, which decreases the expression of the PDK4 gene, inhibits the induction of PDK4 by ERRalpha and ERRgamma. The forkhead transcription factor (FoxO1) binds the PDK4 gene and contributes to the induction of PDK4 by ERRs and PGC-1alpha. Insulin suppresses PDK4 expression in part through the dissociation of FoxO1 and PGC-1alpha from the PDK4 promoter. Our data demonstrate a key role for the ERRs in the induction of hepatic PDK4 gene expression.
Deletion of Lkb1 in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells Leads to CKD by Altering Metabolism (2015)

Renal tubule epithelial cells are high-energy demanding polarized epithelial cells. Liver kinase B1 (LKB1) is a key regulator of polarity, proliferation, and cell metabolism in epithelial cells, but the function of LKB1 in the kidney is unclear. Our unbiased gene expression studies of human control and CKD kidney samples identified lower expression of LKB1 and regulatory proteins in CKD. Mice with distal tubule epithelial-specific Lkb1 deletion (Ksp-Cre/Lkb1(flox/flox)) exhibited progressive kidney disease characterized by flattened dedifferentiated tubule epithelial cells, interstitial matrix accumulation, and dilated cystic-appearing tubules. Expression of epithelial polarity markers β-catenin and E-cadherin was not altered even at later stages. However, expression levels of key regulators of metabolism, AMP-activated protein kinase (Ampk), peroxisome proliferative activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-α (Ppargc1a), and Ppara, were significantly lower than those in controls and correlated with fibrosis development. Loss of Lkb1 in cultured epithelial cells resulted in energy depletion, apoptosis, less fatty acid oxidation and glycolysis, and a profibrotic phenotype. Treatment of Lkb1-deficient cells with an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) agonist (A769662) or a peroxisome proliferative activated receptor alpha agonist (fenofibrate) restored the fatty oxidation defect and reduced apoptosis. In conclusion, we show that loss of LKB1 in renal tubular epithelial cells has an important role in kidney disease development by influencing intracellular metabolism.
Control of Thermally Enhanced Photoinduced Reorientation Direction of Photocrosslinkable Copolymer Liquid Crystals and Application to Polarization Gratings Using Linearly Polarized Ultraviolet Light (2004)

In this paper, we describe the thermally enhanced photoinduced reorientation behavior of copolymer liquid crystals, which comprise a methacrylate with 4-(4-methoxycinnamoyloxy)biphenyl (MCB) side groups and N-phenylmaleimide (PM), by irradiating with linearly polarized ultraviolet (LPUV) light and subsequent annealing. Adjusting the exposure energy controls the reorientation direction both perpendicular and parallel to the polarization of LPUV light. The generated birefringence is greater than 0.19 for both directions. A polarization grating with molecular orientation periodically modulated in orthogonal directions is fabricated using a grating photomask. The changes in the polarization of diffracted beams are similar to those of a polarization grating fabricated by a holographic technique.
A New Type of Porous Graphite Foams and Their Integrated Composites with Oxide/Polymer Core/Shell Nanowires for Supercapacitors: Structural Design, Fabrication, and Full Supercapacitor Demonstrations (2014)

We attempt to meet the general design requirements for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes by combining the strategies of lightweight substrate, porous nanostructure design, and conductivity modification. We fabricate a new type of 3D porous and thin graphite foams (GF) and use as the light and conductive substrates for the growth of metal oxide core/shell nanowire arrays to form integrated electrodes. The nanowire core is Co3O4, and the shell is a composite of conducting polymer (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), PEDOT) and metal oxide (MnO2). To show the advantage of this integrated electrode design (viz., GF + Co3O4/PEDOT-MnO2 core/shell nanowire arrays), three other different less-integrated electrodes are also prepared for comparison. Full supercapacitor devices based on the GF + Co3O4/PEDOT-MnO2 as positive electrodes exhibit the best performance compared to other three counterparts due to an optimal design of structure and a synergistic effect.
Reversible Association of Cellulose Nitrate in Ethanol. (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible Association of Cellulose Nitrate in Ethanol.Seymour Newman, William R. Krigbaum, and Dewey K. CarpenterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1956, 60, 5, 648–656Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150539a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j150539a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Correction: Characterization of Anamnestic T-cell Responses Induced by Conventional Vaccines against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia (2013)

A better understanding of how T1 vaccination confers immunity would facilitate the rational design of improved vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). We show here that mycoplasmas-induced recall proliferation and IFN-c responses are detected in cattle that received multiple shots of T1 vaccines. These anamnestic responses were under the strict control of CD4 + T lymphocytes. Moreover, CD62L expression indicated that both CD4 + effector memory (Tem) and central memory (Tcm) T lymphocytes are elicited in these animals. Comparative analysis with data from cattle that completely recovered from CBPP infection revealed similar anamnestic T-cell responses albeit at a lower magnitude for T1vaccinated animals, particularly in the Tcm compartment. In conclusion, we discuss how our current understanding of T-cell responses will contribute to ongoing efforts for the improvement of future CBPP vaccines.
Electrochemical preparation of ultrathin polypyrrole film at microarray electrodes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical preparation of ultrathin polypyrrole film at microarray electrodesM. Nishizawa, M. Shibuya, T. Sawaguchi, T. Matsue, and I. UchidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 23, 9042–9044Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/j100176a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (990 KB) Get e-Alerts
Selection of DNA ligands for protein kinase C-? (2006)

Protein kinase Cs are a family of serine and threonine kinases that mediate a wide variety of cellular signalling processes such as cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and tumor development. We have selected high-affinity DNA aptamers for PKCδ by capillary electrophoresis based SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment, CE-SELEX). We have demonstrated that fluorescently tagged PB9 aptamer can specifically recognize PKCδ under in vitro conditions. The Kd of the aptamer-protein binding is 122 nM. These aptamers will enable us to apply fluorescently labelled probes to study the spatiotemporal dynamics and activation of individual endogenous PKC isoforms during various cell signalling processes.
Hormonal Stimulation of Phosphatidylinositol Breakdown, with Particular Reference to the Hepatic Effects of Vasopressin (1979)

Conference Article| October 01 1979 Hormonal Stimulation of Phosphatidylinositol Breakdown, with Particular Reference to the Hepatic Effects of Vasopressin R. H. MICHELL; R. H. MICHELL 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. J. KIRK; C. J. KIRK 1Department of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, P.O. Box 363, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. M. BILLAH M. M. BILLAH * Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (5): 861–865. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070861 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. H. MICHELL, C. J. KIRK, M. M. BILLAH; Hormonal Stimulation of Phosphatidylinositol Breakdown, with Particular Reference to the Hepatic Effects of Vasopressin. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1979; 7 (5): 861–865. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070861 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
PF-07059013: A Noncovalent Modulator of Hemoglobin for Treatment of Sickle Cell Disease (2020)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder caused by a single point mutation (β6 Glu → Val) on the β-chain of adult hemoglobin (HbA) that results in sickled hemoglobin (HbS). In the deoxygenated state, polymerization of HbS leads to sickling of red blood cells (RBC). Several downstream consequences of polymerization and RBC sickling include vaso-occlusion, hemolytic anemia, and stroke. We report the design of a noncovalent modulator of HbS, clinical candidate PF-07059013 (<b>23</b>). The seminal hit molecule was discovered by virtual screening and confirmed through a series of biochemical and biophysical studies. After a significant optimization effort, we arrived at <b>23</b>, a compound that specifically binds to Hb with nanomolar affinity and displays strong partitioning into RBCs. In a 2-week multiple dose study using Townes SCD mice, <b>23</b> showed a 37.8% (±9.0%) reduction in sickling compared to vehicle treated mice. <b>23</b> (PF-07059013) has advanced to phase 1 clinical trials.
Microencapsulated Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Feed Modify Colonization and Invasion Early After Infection with Salmonella Enteritidis in Young Chickens (2004)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are widely used as feed additives in poultry for the control of pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella enteritidis. Recently, a new range of products was developed in which SCFA are encapsulated in mineral carriers, resulting in a slow release during the transport of these carriers through the intestinal tract. To test the efficacy of this type of products against early colonization after Salmonella infection in poultry, a challenge experiment with S. enteritidis was performed. Five groups of 20 chickens were given feed with no supplement or feed supplemented with acetic acid (0.24%), formic acid (0.22%), or propionic acid (0.27%) as film-coated microbeads or butyric acid (0.15%) as spray-cooled microcapsules. The 5 groups were challenged with 5 x 10(3) cfu S. enteritidis at d 5 and 6 posthatch, and samples of ceca, liver, and spleen were taken at d 8 and analyzed for the number of colony-forming units of Salmonella per gram of tissue. Feed supplementation with acetic acid, and to a lesser extent formic acid, resulted in an increase of colonization of ceca and internal organs. Birds receiving propionic acid-coated microbeads as feed supplement were colonized with Salmonella to the same extent as controls. Butyric acid-impregnated microbeads in the feed, however, resulted in a significant decrease of colonization by S. enteritidis in the ceca but not in liver and spleen.
Case Study - The Organization and Promotion of Health Services (2019)

Our eight-week partnership took place in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Cochabamba is the third largest city in Bolivia with a population of 630,587. Our group partnered with Pro Mujer, an international microfinance organization founded in El Alto, Bolivia in 1990. Pro Mujer’s vision, as detailed on their website, is “a Latin America where all women thrive” and their mission is “to empower underserved women to achieve their full potential”. Pro Mujer empowers the women they serve through providing access to microfinance loans and communal banks, capacity-building workshops, and health services.