gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Preparation of D- and L-Homoserine<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of D- and L-Homoserine1Marvin D. ArmstrongCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 5, 1756–1759Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01185a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01185a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Study on the tip-deflection of a piezoelectric bimorph cantilever in the static state (2004)

Bimorph-type bending actuators have been widely used in many applications as converters of electric input to mechanical motion, or vice versa. In this paper a new piezoelectric model of a multilayer piezoelectric cantilever is obtained, and the analytic expressions for the curvature, displacement and tip-deflection of the multilayer structure are derived in the static state. With the use of this model and the solution, the tip-deflections of the piezoelectric bimorph cantilever in different working situations are compared and the effect of the metal electrodes on the tip-deflection of the cantilever is considered. The above-mentioned methods and conclusions can be used for optimized design of PZT cantilever structure.
Development of an In-House Clinical Engineering Shared Service (1979)

Within the Greenville, South Carolina, Hospital System, an in-house Clinical Engineering Department is being developed as a shared service. This paper discusses the background for this program in a multihospital system. Several aspects of the program, including staffing, equipment needs, scheduling, participation in system activities, and some future possibilities for department expansion are also presented.
Major histocompatibility complex class I molecules are required for the development of insulitis in non‐obese diabetic mice (1993)

An early step in the development of autoimmune diabetes is lymphocyte infiltration into the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, or insulitis. The infiltrate contains both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and both are required for progression to diabetes in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. It has been thought that the CD4+ lymphocytes are the initiators of the disease, the islet invaders, while CD8+ cells are the effectors, the islet destroyers. We question this interpretation because NOD mice lacking MHC class I molecules, hence CD8+ T cells, do not display even insulitis when expected.
Fast and accurate learned multiresolution dynamical downscalingfor precipitation (2021)

Abstract. This study develops a neural network-based approach for emulating high-resolution modeled precipitation data with comparable statistical properties but at greatly reduced computational cost. The key idea is to use combination of low- and high- resolution simulations to train a neural network to map from the former to the latter. Specifically, we define two types of CNNs, one that stacks variables directly and one that encodes each variable before stacking, and we train each CNN type both with a conventional loss function, such as mean square error (MSE), and with a conditional generative adversarial network (CGAN), for a total of four CNN variants.We compare the four new CNN-derived high-resolution precipitation results with precipitation generated from original high resolution simulations, a bilinear interpolater and the state-of-the-art CNN-based super-resolution (SR) technique. Results show that the SR technique produces results similar to those of the bilinear interpolator with smoother spatial and temporal distributions and smaller data variabilities and extremes than the high resolution simulations. While the new CNNs trained by MSE generate better results over some regions than the interpolator and SR technique do, their predictions are still not as close as ground truth. The CNNs trained by CGAN generate more realistic and physically reasonable results, better capturing not only data variability in time and space but also extremes such as intense and long-lasting storms. The new proposed CNN-based downscaling approach can downscale precipitation from 50 km to 12 km in 14 min for 30 years once the network is trained (training takes 4 hours using 1 GPU), while the conventional dynamical downscaling would take 1 months using 600 CPU cores to generate simulations at the resolution of 12 km over contiguous United States.
AniLan-an animation language (2002)

Presents a complete description of the simple animation language AniLan. Parameters of objects to be animated can be changed over time with the help of actions, events and cues. The language provides simple and natural control statements. Animation functions can be either written with expressions in the language or taken from libraries. Nested actions and named events provide a convenient way to compose complex and interdependent animations. The language has been implemented and some animations have been produced. There exist clearly defined interfaces to a front-end modeler and a back-end renderer.
An algorithm for the partitioning of logic circuits (1984)

The exhaustive testing of today's digital circuits is not possible, owing to the vast test sequences which would have to be applied. Breaking down the circuit into manageable subcircuits (partitioning) makes exhaustive testing practicable. Partitioning has previously been done by the designer of the circuit in rather an ad hoc manner. The paper describes an algorithm which can be used to find the partitioning points in a circuit. The algorithm is illustrated for circuits containing reconvergent and nonreconvergent fan-outs.
Vehicle Positioning Using 5G Millimeter-Wave Systems (2016)

Recent growth in traffic and the resulting congestion and accidents has increased the demand for vehicle positioning systems. Existing global navigation satellite systems were designed for line of sight environments and thus accurately determining the location of a vehicle in urban areas with tall buildings or regions with dense foliage is difficult. Fifth generation (5G) cellular networks provide device-to-device communication capabilities which can be exploited to determine the real-time location of vehicles. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) transmission is regarded as a key technology for 5G networks. This paper examines vehicle positioning using 5G mmWave signals. Both a correlation receiver and an energy detector are considered for timing estimation. Furthermore, fixed and dynamic thresholds for energy detection are examined. It is shown that a correlation receiver can provide excellent ranging accuracy but has high computational complexity, whereas an energy detector has low computational complexity and provides good ranging accuracy. Furthermore, the Gaussian raised-cosine pulse (RCP), Gaussian pulse, and Sinc-RCP impulse radio waveforms provide the best performance.
Investigation into Bubble Size Distribution and Transient Evolution in the Sparger Region of Gas−Liquid External Loop Airlift Reactors (2009)

It is well-known that the gas sparger can play an important role on the transient evolution of bubbles and bubble size distribution (BSD) in gas−liquid external loop airlift reactors (EL-ALRs). Therefore, the main subject of the present work was to study the influence of sparger design and process parameters on the transient evolution of bubbles and bubble size distribution (BSD) in the sparger region of the considered EL-ALRs. For this purpose, both detailed measurements and prediction of the size of bubbles produced at the sparger were carried out in EL-ALRs with different size and sparger structure parameters. The unique set of BSD curves were obtained by analyzing a large amount of bubbles with a measurement based on an image analysis technique. Additionally, Colella’s model of BSD evolution in bubble columns was further developed by implementing a detailed physical model for predicting the initial BSD at the sparger applied to gas−liquid EL-ALRs where the model input is only based on design/process parameters. A validation of the model was carried out using data from gas−liquid EL-ALRs with different size and sparger design parameters. In order to provide more deep insight for transient evolution of bubbles at the local scale in the sparger region, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Fluent 6.2 was used. The transient evolution of bubbles was simulated in the sparger region of gas−liquid EL-ALR. The simulating results of bubble size are in good agreement at the lower gas velocity with the experimental data in the sparger regions of TU-A and TU-B. With increasing gas flow rate, the difference between simulations and experimental values for bubble size increases. The simulations underestimate bubble size at high gas flow rate.
Variability in Annual Mini-Mental State Examination Score in Patients With Probable Alzheimer Disease (1999)

Although the Mini-Mental State Examination is a useful screening instrument to assess level of cognitive function, it has limited value in measuring the progression of Alzheimer disease in individual patients for periods less than 3 years because of a large measurement error and substantial variation in change in annual score.
Deactivation Studies of Alkali-Promoted Trimetallic Co−Rh−Mo Sulfide Catalysts for Higher Alcohols Synthesis from Synthesis Gas (2011)

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and activated carbon (AC)-supported K (9 wt %)-promoted trimetallic Co (4.5 wt %)−Rh (1.5 wt %)−Mo(15 wt %) catalysts are used to study the long-term deactivation for continuous 720 h of higher alcohols synthesis (HAS). The fresh catalysts are extensively characterized in both oxide and sulfide phases, together with the spent catalysts. The catalysts are tested for the synthesis of higher alcohols from synthesis gas under similar conditions of 330 °C, 9.1 MPa (1320 psig), and 3.8 m3 (STP)/((kg of cat.)/h), using a H2:CO molar ratio of 1.25. The alkali-promoted trimetallic Co−Rh−Mo catalyst supported on MWCNTs has shown two different deactivation steps: loss of sulfur from the surface and sintering of the catalyst species located on the outer surfaces of the carbon nanotubes. After regeneration, the total activity recovery (∼10%) over this catalyst is close to the total activity loss during the first deactivation step. The percentage CO conversion decreased from 58% to 51% and from 43% to 30% over the catalysts supported on MWCNTs and AC, respectively, over 720 h of time-on-stream; indicating a loss of activity of 12% and 30% over the catalysts supported on MWCNT and AC, respectively. Characterizations of the spent catalyst supported on activated carbon revealed that deactivation occurs because of the sintering of metal sulfides, which causes low metal dispersions and high pore blockage of the support. The total hydrocarbon formation decreased rapidly during the first deactivation step and then slowly leveled off. The initial decrease in the total hydrocarbons space time yield (STY) may be explained from the loss of sulfur from unstable metal sulfide crystallites on the surface of the catalyst to the products and sintering of the catalyst species is responsible for the later steps. The total alcohols STY of 0.281 and 0.202 g/(g of cat./h) are observed during the reaction period of 24 h over the catalysts supported on MWCNTs and activated carbon, respectively. The sulfided MWCNT-supported catalyst suffers a 1% decrease while the AC-supported catalysts exhibits a 4% decrease in normalized higher alcohols yield between 24 and 720 h on-stream.
Registration and fusion of segmented left atrium CT images with CARTO electrical maps for the ablative treatment of atrial fibrillation (2005)

This study aims to extract the interior surface of the left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) from three dimensional tomographic data and to integrate it with LA CARTO electrical maps. The separation of LA and PVs from other overlapping structures of the heart was performed processing 3D CT data by marker-controlled watershed segmentation and surface extraction. CARTO maps were then registered on the LA internal surface by a stochastic optimization algorithm based on simulated annealing. The residual registration error resulted inferior to 3 mm. The integration between electrophysiological and high resolved anatomic information of LA results feasible and may constitute a significant support for mechanism investigation and treatment of atrial fibrillation.
PIG KIDNEY: ANATOMICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE INTRARENAL ARTERIES AND THE KIDNEY COLLECTING SYSTEM. APPLIED STUDY FOR UROLOGICAL RESEARCH AND SURGICAL TRAINING (2004)

Although the results of renal and intrarenal anatomy in pigs could not be completely transposed to humans, many similarities in the pig and human intrarenal arteries support its use as the best animal model for urological procedures.
Bar-detector with extended field of view for a modular SPECT system (1993)

In the conventional centroid positon estimation method, the effective field of view (FOV) of a scintillation bar-detector cannot be extended beyond the centers of the two outside photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). To extend the FOV, statistical position estimation on a bar-detector with blackened end surfaces is implemented. Maximum likelihood (ML) and minimum square error (MSE) position estimation lookup tables (LUTs) are calculated from experimentally measured histogram data. Both statistical estimators provide a 14-cm FOV on a 16-cm bar, with 4-mm to 6-mm full width half maximum (FWHM) within the FOV. In contrast, the centroid method provides a 10-cm FOV on a conventional bar-detector. In order to reduce the size of LUTs and memory requirements, the feasibility of using local, 2-D LUTs for position estimation is demonstrated. Using statistical position estimation methods and scatter-free sources, it is possible to extend the FOV beyond the conventional limit to utilize 90% of the bar-detector area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Strengthening Retirement Security (2004)

Brookings Institution senior fellow, Peter Orszag, testifies on aspects of strengthening retirement security, including why it is critical to preserve Social Security's core insurance features while reforming the program to eliminate its long-term deficit, and how retirement saving on top of Social Security can be expanded. [© Brookings Institution]
Irrational exuberance and neural crash warning signals during endogenous experimental market bubbles (2014)

Groups of humans routinely misassign value to complex future events, especially in settings involving the exchange of resources. If properly structured, experimental markets can act as excellent probes of human group-level valuation mechanisms during pathological overvaluations--price bubbles. The connection between the behavioral and neural underpinnings of such phenomena has been absent, in part due to a lack of enabling technology. We used a multisubject functional MRI paradigm to measure neural activity in human subjects participating in experimental asset markets in which endogenous price bubbles formed and crashed. Although many ideas exist about how and why such bubbles may form and how to identify them, our experiment provided a window on the connection between neural responses and behavioral acts (buying and selling) that created the bubbles. We show that aggregate neural activity in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) tracks the price bubble and that NAcc activity aggregated within a market predicts future price changes and crashes. Furthermore, the lowest-earning subjects express a stronger tendency to buy as a function of measured NAcc activity. Conversely, we report a signal in the anterior insular cortex in the highest earners that precedes the impending price peak, is associated with a higher propensity to sell in high earners, and that may represent a neural early warning signal in these subjects. Such markets could be a model system to understand neural and behavior mechanisms in other settings where emergent group-level activity exhibits mistaken belief or valuation.
Efficient Merging and Filtering Algorithms for Approximate String Searches (2008)

We study the following problem: how to efficiently find in a collection of strings those similar to a given query string? Various similarity functions can be used, such as edit distance, Jaccard similarity, and cosine similarity. This problem is of great interests to a variety of applications that need a high real-time performance, such as data cleaning, query relaxation, and spellchecking. Several algorithms have been proposed based on the idea of merging inverted lists of grams generated from the strings. In this paper we make two contributions. First, we develop several algorithms that can greatly improve the performance of existing algorithms. Second, we study how to integrate existing filtering techniques with these algorithms, and show that they should be used together judiciously, since the way to do the integration can greatly affect the performance. We have conducted experiments on several real data sets to evaluate the proposed techniques.
Interest rate structure and the credit risk of swaps (1993)

Swap contracts have grown tremendously in the last decade. Most are interest-rate swaps, the simplest being an exchange of one partys fixed-rate interest payments for anothers floating-rate payments. Swaps can lower borrowing costs for both parties as well as provide a tool for managing interest-rate risk. As the market for swaps grows and matures, understanding and measuring the accompanying credit risk remains a concern of bankers, regulators, and corporate users ; The credit risk of swaps arises when one party defaults and interest rates have changed in such a way that the other party can arrange a new swap only on inferior terms. It involves only the cash flows exchanged by the counterparties, and not the underlying notional principal. Previous work has used simulations of the future course of interest rates to analyze swaps credit risk. This study adds the interest rate forecast implicit in the yield curve to the randomly generated interest-rate scenario used in the simulations. The author shows that credit exposure is greater for longer maturities and when future rates are expected to be higher, and that the risk rises and then falls over the life of the swap.
Targeted killing of squamous carcinoma cells by a monoclonal antibody-peplomycin conjugate which recognizes the EGF receptor. (1992)

We determined in vitro the antitumor activity of a conjugate prepared by binding a monoclonal antibody (B4G7), which recognizes the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor, with peplomycin (PEP), which is an antitumor agent effective against squamous cell carcinoma. This B4G7-PEP conjugate was prepared by coupling of B4G7 and carboxymethylpeplomycin active ester. The conjugate killed A431 cells of squamous cell carcinoma which overexpress EGF receptors at lower concentrations than PEP alone. On the basis of its IC50, the conjugate was six times more potent than PEP alone. A simple mixture of B4G7 and PEP was as effective as PEP alone in cytotoxicity. The addition of ten times the amounts of B4G7 to this conjugate decreased its cytotoxicity. When other squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with different levels of EGF receptors (NA, Ca9-22, TE-1, TE-8) were treated with the conjugate, cells were killed dose-dependently and the cytotoxicity was dependent on the number of EGF receptors. When each squamous cell carcinoma cell line was treated with a control conjugate prepared by combining PEP with mouse IgG instead of B4G7, no cytotoxicity was observed. These results indicate that B4G7-PEP will be a useful weapon in multidisciplinary treatment which utilizes the EGF receptor, as these receptors are detected in a higher incidence in squamous cell carcinoma.
Trichome Specific Expression: Promoters and Their Applications (2012)

are those from mint and other Lamiaceae, which are valued for the essential oil produced in their trichomes. In both cases, the massive metabolic fluxes that take place in the secretory cells may lead to the accumulation of metabolites which represent up to 10-15% of the leaf dry weight These cells can thus be considered like true cell factories and therefore constitute attractive targets for metabolic engineering
Efficient OpenMP data mapping for multicore platforms with vertically stacked memory (2010)

Emerging TSV-based 3D integration technologies have shown great promise to overcome scalability limitations in 2D designs by stacking multiple memory dies on top of a many-core die. Application software developers need programming models and tools to fully exploit the potential of vertically stacked memory. In this work, we focus on efficient data mapping for SPMD parallel applications on an explicitly managed 3D-stacked memory hierarchy, which requires placement of data across multiple vertical memory stacks to be carefully optimized. We propose a programming framework with compiler support that enables array partitioning. Partitions are mapped to the 3D-stacked memory on top of the processor that mostly accesses it to take advantage of the lower latencies of vertical interconnect and for minimizing high-latency traffic on the horizontal plane.