gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation analysis in liquid‐based cytology for cervical cancer screening (2009)

Cervical cancer is the second most common type of cancer in women worldwide. Preinvasive disease can be detected by cervical cytology. All currently available cytology technologies rely on the visual analysis of exfoliated cells from the uterine cervix. Improvement of conventional cytological screening has been proposed by the introduction of molecular-based markers applied to liquid-based cytology (LBC), the suspension of cells collected from the cervix. DNA methylation changes occur very early in carcinogenesis and identification of appropriate DNA methylation markers in such samples should be able to distinguish high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) from nonspecific cytology changes and the normal cervix. To address this potential, we have undertaken a proof-of-principle study of methylation status of LBC samples from HSIL cytology cases compared against matched normal controls. Using quantitative methylation-specific PCR on 28 genes, we found SOX1, HOXA11 and CADM1 to significantly discriminate between the groups analyzed (p<0.01). Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) demonstrated that methylation of SOX1, HOXA11 and CADM1 could discriminate between HSIL cases and controls with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC 0.910, 0.844 and 0.760, respectively). The results were further validated in an independent set. This proof-of-principle study is the first to validate the results in an independent case/control set and presents HOXA11, a gene that is important for cervical development, as a potentially useful DNA marker in LBC samples. Further assessment of these preliminary estimates will need to be performed in a larger cohort to confirm clinical utility.
Context modulates attention to social scenes in toddlers with autism (2012)

While in certain contexts toddlers with autism attend to people and objects in a typical manner, they show decreased attentional response to dyadic cues for attention. Given that mechanisms supporting responsivity to dyadic cues are present shortly after birth and are highly consequential for development of social cognition and communication, these findings have important implications for the understanding of the underlying mechanisms of limited social monitoring and identifying pivotal targets for treatment.
A discriminative model for semi-supervised learning (2010)

Supervised learning—that is, learning from labeled examples—is an area of Machine Learning that has reached substantial maturity. It has generated general-purpose and practically successful algorithms and the foundations are quite well understood and captured by theoretical frameworks such as the PAC-learning model and the Statistical Learning theory framework. However, for many contemporary practical problems such as classifying web pages or detecting spam, there is often additional information available in the form of unlabeled data, which is often much cheaper and more plentiful than labeled data. As a consequence, there has recently been substantial interest in semi-supervised learning—using unlabeled data together with labeled data—since any useful information that reduces the amount of labeled data needed can be a significant benefit. Several techniques have been developed for doing this, along with experimental results on a variety of different learning problems. Unfortunately, the standard learning frameworks for reasoning about supervised learning do not capture the key aspects and the assumptions underlying these semi -supervised learning methods. In this article, we describe an augmented version of the PAC model designed for semi-supervised learning, that can be used to reason about many of the different approaches taken over the past decade in the Machine Learning community. This model provides a unified framework for analyzing when and why unlabeled data can help, in which one can analyze both sample-complexity and algorithmic issues. The model can be viewed as an extension of the standard PAC model where, in addition to a concept class C , one also proposes a compatibility notion: a type of compatibility that one believes the target concept should have with the underlying distribution of data. Unlabeled data is then potentially helpful in this setting because it allows one to estimate compatibility over the space of hypotheses, and to reduce the size of the search space from the whole set of hypotheses C down to those that, according to one's assumptions, are a-priori reasonable with respect to the distribution. As we show, many of the assumptions underlying existing semi-supervised learning algorithms can be formulated in this framework. After proposing the model, we then analyze sample-complexity issues in this setting: that is, how much of each type of data one should expect to need in order to learn well, and what the key quantities are that these numbers depend on. We also consider the algorithmic question of how to efficiently optimize for natural classes and compatibility notions, and provide several algorithmic results including an improved bound for Co-Training with linear separators when the distribution satisfies independence given the label.
The Isoform Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Entinostat Is Active in Primary Human Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Models. (2009)

Abstract Background: Triple-negative (ER, PR, HER2 negative) breast cancer represents an unmet need for which novel agents and approaches are essential. Entinostat is an oral, class 1 isoform selective histone deacetylase inhibitor currently in multiple phase 2 clinical studies including advanced NSCLC and breast cancer. Previous studies have a) established the anti-proliferative activity of entinostat in the triple negative cell line model MDA-MB-231 b) shown that entinostat induces expression of ERα and c) that entinostat is synergistic with aromatase inhibitors to inhibit tumor growth of ER negative cancer cells. The aim of these studies was to validate the activity of entinostat in highly predictive primary human tumor models of triple negative breast cancer.Methods: Two approaches have been taken. First, entinostat was tested in the Oncotech Extreme Drug Resistance (EDR) proliferation assay using ten cryopreserved breast tumor explants known to lack ER, PR and HER2/neu expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Second, entinostat was tested at 5, 15, 30 mg/kg/d in two xenograft models using tissue derived directly from patient tumor resections. The breast cancer models MV4151 (from a postmenopausal patient with ductal invasive breast carcinoma) and MV4586 (from a premenopausal patient with relapsed invasive lobular breast carcinoma) were negative for ERa protein, however still positive for ERa mRNA. Both xenograft tumors did not express ERb. The tumor doubling times in nude mice were between 10 and 30 days. Both tumors are HER-2 negative (determined by IHC).Results: Dose response curves of entinostat were analyzed and compared to paclitaxel at 2.45 µM in ten triple negative breast tumor explants in the EDR assay. Entinostat was broadly effective in all of the tumors tested with IC50's ranging from 10nM to 270nM which are within the clinically achievable concentrations of entinostat. Two of the breast tumors that were most sensitive to entinostat (IC50 30- 100nM) were also sensitive to paclitaxel. In contrast, entinostat inhibited (IC50 10-270nM) the growth of eight of the tumors that were resistant to paclitaxel (i.e. &lt; 50% growth inhibition at 2.45 µM). For the xenograft studies, at the time of writing, dose response data in the MV4151 model has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition by entinostat at the 15 and 30 mg/kg/d administered orally with no apparent weight loss. Ongoing experiments for which data will be presented include dose response in MV4586 as well as combinations with tamoxifen and fulvestrant in both xenograft models.Conclusions: Entinostat is an effective agent at inhibiting the growth of triple negative breast tumors in human primary tumor models. A pre-surgical clinical study to assess the activity of entinostat in triple negative breast cancer patients is planned. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1146.
Design and construction of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for the launch of a small UAV (2009)

This paper describes the design and construction of a low cost Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) prototype that can work as launch platform of a small UAV. The AUV can travel in a determined path to reach the launch AUV point. The AUV length is less than 2 m. The max operation depth is 20 m. It is composed of eight modules: propulsion, power, motor driver, CPU, sensor suite, camera system, communication module and UAV launcher. The launch of the UAV is executed on the sea surface. The propulsion module is formed by four thrusters, two axial and two oriented vertically, this configuration gives to the AUV four degrees of freedom: heave, surge, yaw and pitch. The CPU is a Cyclone II FPGA Development Kit. The sensor suite contains all the sensors of the AUV that are: inertial measurement unit, GPS, compass and inclinometer for the AUV's dynamics measurement, temperature and conductivity sensors for the environment measurement. The UAV uses a rocket motor to take off from the AUV. Possible applications for this system can be a reconnaissance role or in an armed version to attack stationary targets.
Boosting Saliency in Color Image Features (2005)

The aim of salient point detection is to find distinctive events in images. Salient features are generally determined from the local differential structure of images. They focus on the shape saliency of the local neighborhood. The majority of these detectors is luminance based which has the disadvantage that the distinctiveness of the local color information is completely ignored. To fully exploit the possibilities of color image salient point detection, color distinctiveness should be taken into account next to shape distinctiveness. In this paper color distinctiveness is explicitly incorporated into the design of saliency detection. The algorithm, called color saliency boosting, is based on an analysis of the statistics of color image derivatives. Isosalient color derivatives can be closely approximated by ellipsoidal surfaces in color derivative space. Based on this remarkable statistical finding, isosalient derivatives are transformed by color boosting to have equal impact on the saliency. Color saliency boosting is designed as a generic method easily adaptable to existing feature detectors. Results show that substantial improvements in information content are acquired by targeting color salient features. Further, the generality of the method is illustrated by applying color boosting to multiple existing saliency methods.
Thermal stability of nano structured fly ash synthesized by high energy ball milling (2010)

In this paper, an attempt has been made to modify the micro sized fly ash into nano structured fly ash using High Energy Ball Mill. The smooth, glassy and an inert surface of the fly ash can be altered to a rough and more reactive state by this technique. Ball milling was carried out for the total duration of 30 hours. The sample was taken out after every 5 hours of milling for characterizing. The nano structured fly ash was characterized for its crystallite size, lattice strain and percentage of crystallinity by using X-Ray Diffractometer. It was found that for the 30 hrs milling, the crystallite size was reduced from 92 nm to 29 nm and the percentage of crystallinity got reduced from 63% to 38%. The size, shape and texture of the fresh as well as nano structured fly ash were studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The fresh fly ash particles are mostly spherical in shape. The shape of the 30h milled particles is irregular and the surface morphology is rough. Isothermal annealing was carried out on 30 h ball milled fly ash from 100 to 800 0C for various times. The initial grain size of 29 nm for as-milled sample increased to 30.9 nm and 31.7 nm after annealing for 8 h at 100 and 200 0C respectively. Whereas this trend was slightly higher for higher temperatures, this increase was in the order of 29 nm to 33.43 nm, 35.35 nm, 36.53 nm, 37.78 nm, 40.42 nm, 41.93 nm after annealing for 4 h at 300, 400, 500, 600, 700 and 800 0C respectively. Hence, small crystallite size enhancement with good amount of residual strain recovery was observed during the isothermal annealing. Keywords: Nano materials, Particulates and Powders, XRD- analysis; Fly ash.
GPR34 is a receptor for lysophosphatidylserine with a fatty acid at the sn-2 position (2012)

GPR34 is a G protein-coupled receptor belonging to the P2Y family. Here, we attempted to resolve conflicting reports about whether it is a functional lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) receptor. In HEK293 cells expressing human, mouse or rat GPR34 and Gα chimera between Gαq and Gαi1(Gq/i1), LysoPS quickly elevated intracellular Ca(2+) ion levels ([Ca(2+)](i)). LysoPS also stimulated alkaline phosphatase (AP)-tagged TGFα (AP-TGFα) release in GPR34-expressing HEK293 cells and induced the migration of CHO-K1 cells expressing GPR34. Other lysophospholipids did not induce these actions. Replacement of the serine residue of LysoPS abolished the reactivity of LysoPS with GPR34, indicating that GPR34 strictly recognizes the serine head group of LysoPS. Recombinant phosphatidylserine-specific phospholipase A(1) (PS-PLA(1)) that deacylates fatty acid at the sn-1 position of PS and produces 2-acyl-LysoPS, but not catalytically inactive mutant PS-PLA(1), stimulated the release of AP-TGFα from GPR34-expressing cells. Consistent with the result, LysoPS was detected in the cells treated with wild-type PS-PLA(1) but not with the mutant PS-PLA(1). PS treated with PLA(1) was much more effective at stimulating AP-TGFα release than PS treated with PLA(2). In addition, migration-resistant 2-acyl-1-deoxy-LysoPS, a 2-acyl-LysoPS analogue, was much more potent than 1-acyl-2-deoxy-LysoPS. The present studies confirm that GPR34 is a cellular receptor for LysoPS, especially with a fatty acid at the sn-2 position.
Observer-based supervision and fault detection in robots using nonlinear and fuzzy logic residual evaluation (1996)

A high degree of automation in flexible production units require powerful tools for supervision and fault detection to maintain quality and productivity. In this paper, an observer-based fault detection method is proposed which makes use of non-measurable process information instead of installing as many sensors as possible. The detection method is reviewed and applied to the fault detection problem in an industrial robot, using a dynamic robot model. The robot model is enhanced by the inclusion of nonlinear friction terms. A new residual evaluation approach of model-based fault detection methods is investigated for processes which exhibit unstructured disturbances, arising from model simplification. The present analytical approaches are applicable only to structured approaches. In this paper a fuzzy-logic approach is presented which is capable to address unstructured disturbances as well. Finally, some practical results for an industrial robot example are presented.
The Alternative Splicing Mutation Database: a hub for investigations of alternative splicing using mutational evidence (2008)

The current data set demonstrates that mutations affecting splicing are located throughout exons and might be enriched within local RNA secondary structures. Exons from the ASMD have below average splicing junction strength scores, but the difference is small and is judged not to be significant.
Sister dispensers-- Australian trained nurses in pharmacy. (2008)

The role and training of women, particularly female nurses iu Australia in the role of dispensing drugs is discussed. The role of dispenser taken over by nurses in the Australian Army Nursing Service (AANS), both in Australia and overseas is highlighted.
Close-Packed Hemispherical Microlens Array from Two-Dimensional Ordered Polymeric Microspheres (2006)

This paper describes a facile, reproducible soft-lithography-based method for fabricating hexagonally close-packed microlens arrays by templating the surface of a colloidal monolayer, which is formed by spin-casting monodisperse polystyrene microspheres. The relief structure of colloidal monolayers has successfully generated PDMS elastomers with hexagonal arrays of hemispherical air voids. Closely packed hemispherical microlens arrays were imprinted on ultraviolet-curable photopolymers which are bound on glass substrates. Atomic force microscopy measurements showed that each spherical hole of the PDMS molds is 103 nm deep and the replicated microlens is 95 nm in height with narrow size distribution and good reproducibility. Without a multistep engineering process, this method might provide a reliable route to fabricate embossed thin layers ranging from nanometer to micrometers by controlling the size of polymer microspheres over a centimeter scale area.
The near real time statistical asset priority driven (nrtsapd) risk assessment methodology (2008)

The NRTSAPD Risk Assessment methodology offers two key advantages over other risk assessments. The first advantage is that the NRTSAPD risk assessment methodology provides management with a simple, quick, and easy to use risk assessment methodology based on an organizational mission critical asset priority. The second advantage of using this NRTSAPD risk assessment is to integrate several organizational databases such as network helpdesk, asset management, Intrusion Detection System (IDS), Intrusion Prevention System (IPS), firewall and incident response report databases with the management's decision on the mission critical asset priorities. Having the most current asset management with the integrated security incident response databases, the management asset priority driven risk assessment would be answered in a near real time or as current as the asset management inventory; which can sometimes be scanned in real time. Consequently, it produces a realistic Information Systems (IS) production environment risk assessment report in a near real time manner.
Quantitative Analysis of Elbow Range of Motion Variability due to Muscular Fatigue (2014)

Objective: The goal of this study was quantitative analysis of elbow range of motion (ROM) variability due to musculo skeletal fatigue. Materials & Methods: Ten intact subjects using nonrandomized sampling were evaluated. Each subject performed four fatiguing tasks in two repetition rates using two weights that were 10 and 20 percent of their dynamic maximal voluntary contraction ability of non-dominant elbow flexion. The elbow range of motion (ROM), brachioradialis and biceps brachii activities were measured using an electrogoniometer and surface EMG electrodes. Detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) was used to calculate ROM variability correlations. Effect of task condition was tested by Krusakl-Wallis test. Results: Statistical analysis showed long term correlation between ROM fluctuations in three of the four tested conditions (0.5>&alpha&le1). This reveals the controlling role of central nervous system (CNS) during fatigue that in spite of the biomechanical differences between these three test conditions, long-term correlation coefficients were the same (P=0.548). The test condition with high load and low repetition rate differed significantly in comparison with other conditions (p=0.047). In this case the CNS played a minor role. Conclusion: In rehabilitation or sports repetitive exercises, it is recommended to do high load activities with low repetition rates in a biomechanically controlled condition because such activities during fatigue may result in musculoskeletal injuries.
EFFECT OF FUEL VOLATILITY ON STARTING AND WARMUP OF NEW AUTOMOBILES (1957)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">A COOPERATIVE study of the relationships between fuel volatility and the cold-starting and warmup performance of late-model passenger cars has been carried out by Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) and Ethyl Corp. Tests were made on seven 1956 passenger cars in an all-weather chassis dynamometer room at ambient temperatures of +40 to −20 F.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel volatility was varied over a broad range. Warmup characteristics and sensitivity to fuel volatility varied widely among the cars tested.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A comparison of the results of this program with earlier test programs indicated that the modern V-8 engine is more critical to fuel volatility than its in-line predecessors.</div></div>
Routine use of the Ion Torrent AmpliSeq™ Cancer Hotspot Panel for identification of clinically actionable somatic mutations (2013)

We have evaluated the performance of the AmpliSeq Cancer Panel Hotspotv2 and show that it is suitable for clinical testing. This next generation sequencing panel has allowed the laboratory to consolidate a broader range of molecular oncology testing to a single platform and single assay.
Making use of architecture throughout the software life cycle - How the build hierarchy can facilitate product line development (2009)

This paper presents an empirical study of how the application of genuine architecture can be employed beyond the design phase of product line development. The study is based on a co-operative research project with a company developing product line architecture for hydraulic modelling software. By concretising the architecture as a build hierarchy the architecture mediates the evolution of the design throughout the whole software life cycle. The empirical evidence has confirmed the improvements of (1) the software quality and flexibility, (2) the communication and cooperation with new developers, (3) the distribution of work and parallel implementation, and (4) the foreseen usage by hydraulic and environmental consultants who tailor the software. Our research further indicates requirements for the architectural analysis tools that are deliberately embedded in the daily development practices.
Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice (2002)

Chemical metallurgy is a well founded and fascinating branch of the wide field of metallurgy. This book provides detailed information on both the first steps of separation of desirable minerals and the subsequent mineral processing operations. The complex chemical processes of extracting various elements through hydrometallurgical, pyrometallurgical or electrometallurgical operations are explained. In the choice of material for this work, the author made good use of the synergy of scientific principles and industrial practices, offering the much needed and hitherto unavailable combination of d
A Cross-Shaped Horn and a Square Waveguide Polarizer for a Circularly Polarized Shaped Beam Antenna for a Broadcasting Satellite (1980)

A cross-shaped horn and a square waveguide polarizer for a circularly polarized antenna for a broadcasting satellite are designed using a finite difference method and a beam contour of an offset parabolic reflector fed with three cross-shaped horns is given.