gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and test rules for CMOS circuits to facilitate IDDQ testing of bridging faults (1992)

All possible bridging faults (BFs) between any two circuit nodes are considered, where a circuit node may be the drain, source, or gate terminal of a transistor. Several examples are given to show that under certain circumstances current supply monitoring (CSM) cannot give correct test results. A circuit partitioning model is described, and a minimal set of design and test rules is presented. This set of rules is minimal in the sense that if any one of these rules is removed, then circuits exist for which CSM cannot give correct test results. When all the rules are satisfied it can be formally shown that: (1) all signal irredundant BFs can be detected by single vector tests, and (2) a test vector that detects a single bridging fault f/sub 1/ also detects all multiple BFs that contain f/sub 1/. To enhance the applicability of CSM, test and/or design strategies for dealing with circuits that do not satisfy each rule are proposed. Such circuits include a special exclusive OR gate, BiCMOS circuits, domino logic, synchronous sequential circuits, and circuits implemented by the silicon on insulator (SOI) technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW SYNTHESIS OF PYRIDAZINE 1,2‐DIOXIDES (1977)

Abstract Die Dioxime (I) von ungesättigten trans‐1,4‐Diketonen werden mit Phenyljod‐bis‐ (trifluoracetat) (II) in Chloroform bei Raumtemperatur zu Pyridazin‐1,2‐dioxiden (III) oxidiert.
Convolutional RNN: an Enhanced Model for Extracting Features from Sequential Data (2016)

Traditional convolutional layers extract features from patches of data by applying a non-linearity on an affine function of the input. We propose a model that enhances this feature extraction process for the case of sequential data, by feeding patches of the data into a recurrent neural network and using the outputs or hidden states of the recurrent units to compute the extracted features. By doing so, we exploit the fact that a window containing a few frames of the sequential data is a sequence itself and this additional structure might encapsulate valuable information. In addition, we allow for more steps of computation in the feature extraction process, which is potentially beneficial as an affine function followed by a non-linearity can result in too simple features. Using our convolutional recurrent layers we obtain an improvement in performance in two audio classification tasks, compared to traditional convolutional layers. Tensorflow code for the convolutional recurrent layers is publicly available in https://github.com/cruvadom/Convolutional-RNN.
Effects of riboflavin deficiency on the lipids of rat liver. (1976)

Newly weaned male rats were maintained on a riboflavin-free diet for 5 weeks, and a study was made on the effect of the deficiency upon liver lipids. The content of glyceride in the livers varied among the deficient rats. High contents of glyceride were demonstrated in one-third of the deficient rats, whereas the similar level as that of control was shown in the remaining deficient rats. Contents of phospholipids and relative amounts of individual phospholipids were not altered significantly by the deficiency. Riboflavin deficiency exerted effects on fatty acid components of liver lipids. The composition of fatty acids of triglycerides varied in the deficient rats depending on the content of glycerides. However trends of increase in linoleic acid and decrease in palmitic acid towards fatty liver were observed in the deficiency in comparison with the control. On the other hand, the changes in phospholipid fatty acids were similar in all deficient rats, and the increase in linoleic acid and the decrease in arachidonic acid were brought about by the deficiency compared with controls, respectively. In liver homogenates, the incorporation of 14C-palmitate into triglycerides was higher in the deficient rats irrespective of the presence or absence of fluorde but incorporation into phospholipids was slightly lower in the deficient rats than in control animals.
Regulation of mycobacterial growth by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis: differential responses of Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant and -susceptible mice (1993)

The role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in regulating the growth of Mycobacterium avium in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-resistant and -susceptible congenic mice was evaluated. Restraint was used to activate the HPA axis, which resulted in an increase in the level of corticosterone in the plasma. Activation of the HPA axis increased the susceptibility of BALB/c.Bcgs mice to the growth of M. avium. In contrast, the growth of M. avium was not altered in BALB/c.Bcgr mice as a result of HPA activation. Adrenalectomy abolished the effect of HPA activation on mycobacterial growth, as did treatment of the mice with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU 486. Activation of the HPA axis also resulted in the increased susceptibility of splenic macrophages from Bcgs mice but not from Bcgr mice to M. avium growth in vitro. The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha and of reactive nitrogen intermediates by splenic macrophages from both strains of mice was suppressed as a result of HPA activation. The implications of these findings for resistance controlled by Bcg and for susceptibility to mycobacterial growth are discussed.
Vertebrate Unconventional Myosins (1996)

Myosins are a large family of structurally diverse mechanoenzymes that bind to F-actin and hydrolyze ATP to produce mechanical force. Phylogenetic analysis of the myosin motor domains has identified 11 distinct classes of myosin, seven of which are expressed in vertebrates (for review see Ref. 1). These seven myosin classes include conventional myosin, or myosin-II, and six more recently identified unconventional myosin classes, myosins-I, −V, −VI, −VII, −IX, and −X (see Fig. 1). At the N terminus, each vertebrate unconventional myosin contains a conserved motor domain that includes both the ATP binding and ATP-sensitive actin binding sites (for review of the structure of the myosin motor domain see Ref.
Localization of immunogenic domains in the human immunodeficiency virus type 2 envelope (1991)

Highly immunogenic domains have not yet been defined in the extracellular protein of the human immunodefiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) envelope. In this study, six contiguous segments covering the entire HIV-2ST envelope were amplified and cloned into a bacterial expression vector to localize the relative immunogenic reactivity of different regions of the molecule by Western blot (immunoblot) analysis. Our results demonstrate that the extracellular protein of the HIV-2 envelope contains highly immunogenic epitopes with potential value as type-specific markers for HIV-2 infection.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> Expression and Processing of Human Interleukin-1β Fused to Signal Peptides (1990)

Escherichia coli expression, processing, and secretion of human interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) fused to the signal peptide of E. coli OmpA or PhoA protein were studied. With fusion to either signal sequence, high-level expression was observed and the products accumulated to about 20% of total cell protein. In the fusion to OmpA leader sequence, more than 50% of the product has the OmpA signal peptide removed precisely. The majority of the processed material is not released by osmotic shock. On the other hand, very little of the material from the fusion to PhoA has the PhoA signal peptide removed. Use of the host with a mutation in prlA or prlF, variation of temperature for cell growth, and alteration of the amino acid residues around the cleavage site do not facilitate processing of the PhoA signal peptide. These results suggest that some component in the PhoA signal peptide, interacting with the Il-1 beta sequence, is interfering with the processing of the signal peptide.
Computer Vision Performance and Image Quality Metrics : A Reciprocal Relation (2017)

Computer vision algorithms are essential components of many systems in operation today. Predicting the robustness of such algorithms for different visual distortions is a task which can be approached with known image quality measures. We evaluate the impact of several image distortions on object segmentation, tracking and detection, and analyze the predictability of this impact given by image statistics, error parameters and image quality metrics. We observe that existing image quality metrics have shortcomings when predicting the visual quality of virtual or augmented reality scenarios. These shortcomings can be overcome by integrating computer vision approaches into image quality metrics. We thus show that image quality metrics can be used to predict the success of computer vision approaches, and computer vision can be employed to enhance the prediction capability of image quality metrics -a reciprocal relation.
Thermoelectric properties of Yb<sub>0.15</sub>Co<sub>4</sub>Sb<sub>12</sub>based nanocomposites with CoSb<sub>3</sub>nano-inclusion (2008)

Bulk skutterudite nanocomposites of Yb filled cobalt antimonide, Yb0.15Co4Sb12, with different contents of CoSb3 nano-inclusion were prepared by spark plasma sintering. The nanocrystals in the bulk composites are less than 100 nm. The Seebeck coefficient is enhanced by potential barrier scattering with the incorporation of a small number of CoSb3 nanoparticles into the bulk materials, but is reduced with a further increase in the content of nanoparticles. Though the nano-inclusion is the unfilled CoSb3, it is effective in reducing thermal conductivity. The figure of merit reaches a maximum of 0.9 for both the nanocomposites with 5% and 10% CoSb3 nano-inclusions, an increase of about 10% compared with the Yb0.15Co4Sb12 matrix. It still exhibits good thermoelectric performance after long-time annealing at 773 K for the nanocomposite due to the improved phase purity and almost unchanged nanostructure.
Effects of nonreactive resins on the properties of a UV‐curable methacrylated urethane resin (1998)

The effects of two nonreactive conventional-type resins, a bisphenol-A-based phenoxy resin PAPHEN-301 and aromatic-based PETROLEUM RESIN, on the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of methacrylated urethane resin-based UV-curable formulations were studied. A methacrylated urethane prepolymer was synthesized from isocyanatoethyl methacrylate (IEM) and polytetrahydrofurandiol (PTHF) via a one-step reaction. An increase in PAPHEN-301 content caused an increase both in tensile strength and elongation values of UV-cured polymeric films. On the other hand, an increase in PETROLEUM RESIN content caused a decrease both in tensile strength and elongation values of the polymeric films. However, thermooxidative properties were not affected by the introduction of either resin. It was also found that the water-absorption capacities of the UV-cured methacrylated urethane films depended on the type and amount of the nonreactive resins. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 1837–1845, 1998
A single-wavelength DFB structure with a synchronized gain profile (1988)

A distributed-feedback structure having a predominant gain at an edge wavelength of the Bragg reflection band is proposed and analytical results are presented. The structure has both refractive-index and gain-loss profiles with the same period. Since the gains per period at two edge wavelengths of this structure is substantially different, the selective amplification at the single wavelength is less sensitive to both fabrication accuracy and matching conditions than other single-wavelength schemes which utilize refractive-index profile alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lead-free Electronics (2006)

Preface. Editors. Contributors. Acknowledgements. Chapter 1. Lead-Free Electronics: Overview. Chapter 2. Lead-Free Legislations, Exemptions & Compliance. Chapter 3. Lead-Free Alloys: Overview. Chapter 4. Lead-Free Manufacturing. Chapter 5. Review of Lead-Free Solder Joint Reliability. Chapter 6. Constitutive Properties and Durability of Selected Lead-Free Solders. Chapter 7. Interfacial Reactions and Performance of Lead-Free Solder Joints. Chapter 8. Conductive Adhesives. Chapter 9. Component-Level Issues in Lead-Free Electronics. Chapter 10. Tin Whiskers in Electronics. Chapter 11. Lead-Free Separable Contacts and Connectors. Chapter 12 Intellectural Property. Chapter 13. Costs to Lead-Free Migration. Chapter 14. Lead-Free Technologies in the Japanese Electronics Industry. Chapter 15. Guidelines for Implementing Lead-Free Electronics. Index.
Modelling the reproducibility of acoustic rhinometry (2000)

This paper presents an application of a linear model with correlated errors to the assessment of the precision of acoustic rhinometry in clinical medicine. The design of the reproducibility study involved 20 healthy subjects measured by five investigators with three replicate measurements of four variates taken from the right and left nasal cavities, altogether 2400 measurements. The parametric model may be structured to account for random variation between subjects, serial correlation within subjects and measurement error. The model-based reproducibility correlation coefficient was estimated to be fair both for the nasal volume measurements and for the nasal minimal cross-sectional area measurements with an overall average of 0.65. An alternative measure, the within-subject coefficient of variation, averaged 15 per cent. The choice between the measures of reproducibility depends on the degree of heterogeneity of the studied populations, the presence of time trend and the scale of measurement of the rhinometric variates. In clinical practice, repeated measurements should always be made to attain a reasonable level of reproducibility in acoustic rhinometry.
<b>Cytokine expression in human anterior pituitary adenomas</b> (1996)

These data suggest that whilst IL-8 may be important, the local expression of the cytokines IL-2, IL-5 and IL-7 is not important in human anterior pituitary tumorigenesis.
HER2/Neu- and TAK1-mediated Up-regulation of the Transforming Growth Factor β Inhibitor Smad7 via the ETS Protein ER81 (2003)

The cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) plays an important role in preventing tumor formation by blocking cell cycle progression. Accordingly, many cancers demonstrate mutations in TGF-beta signaling components or enhanced expression of inhibitors of the TGF-beta pathway such as Smad7. In this report we show that the oncoprotein HER2/Neu is able to collaborate with the ETS transcription factor ER81 to activate Smad7 transcription in breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancer cell lines. ER81 binds to two ETS sites within the Smad7 promoter, and mutation of one of these ETS sites greatly decreases Smad7 induction by HER2/Neu and ER81. Furthermore, we show that Smad7 activation involves the processing of signals from HER2/Neu to ER81 via the ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Thus, we have uncovered a novel mechanism by which oncogenic HER2/Neu, in collaboration with ER81, can induce carcinogenesis through Smad7 up-regulation. Moreover, we show that TAK1, a TGF-beta-activated protein kinase, stimulates ER81 via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway and thereby induces the Smad7 promoter. This suggests that attenuation of TGF-beta signaling by activating Smad7 transcription may proceed not only through TGF-beta receptor-regulated Smad proteins but also through an independent pathway involving ER81 and TAK1.
Structurally Defined αMHC‐II Nanobody–Drug Conjugates: A Therapeutic and Imaging System for B‐Cell Lymphoma (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) of defined structure hold great promise for cancer therapies, but further advances are constrained by the complex structures of full-sized antibodies. Camelid-derived single-domain antibody fragments (VHHs or nanobodies) offer a possible solution to this challenge by providing expedited target screening and validation through switching between imaging and therapeutic activities. We used a nanobody (VHH7) specific for murine MHC-II and rendered "sortase-ready" for the introduction of oligoglycine-modified cytotoxic payloads or NIR fluorophores. The VHH7 conjugates outcompeted commercial monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for internalization and exhibited high specificity and cytotoxicity against A20 murine B-cell lymphoma. Non-invasive NIR imaging with a VHH7-fluorophore conjugate showed rapid tumor targeting on both localized and metastatic lymphoma models. Subsequent treatment with the nanobody-drug conjugate efficiently controlled tumor growth and metastasis without obvious systemic toxicity.
Beam Acquisition and Training in Millimeter Wave Networks With Narrowband Pilots (2019)

This paper studies initial beam acquisition in a millimeter wave network consisting of multiple access points (APs) and mobile devices. A training protocol for joint estimation of transmit and receive beams is presented with a general frame structure consisting of an initial access sub-frame followed by data transmission sub-frames. During the initial subframe, APs and mobiles sweep through a set of beams and determine the best transmit and receive beams via a handshake. All pilot signals are narrowband (tones), and the mobiles are distinguished by their assigned pilot frequencies. Both non-coherent and coherent beam estimation methods based on, respectively, power detection and maximum likelihood (ML) are presented. To avoid exchanging information about beamforming vectors between APs and mobiles, a local maximum likelihood (LML) algorithm is also presented. An efficient fast Fourier transform implementation is proposed for ML and LML to achieve high-resolution. A system-level optimization is performed in which the frame length, training time, and training bandwidth are selected to maximize a rate objective taking into account blockage and mobility. Simulation results based on a realistic network topology are presented to compare the performance of different estimation methods and training codebooks, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.
Recent Advances in the Development of Thioredoxin Reductase Inhibitors as Anticancer Agents (2012)

Redox homeostasis is crucial for the cellular viability and normal function which balance is maintained by two major cellular antioxidant systems, including glutathione system and thioredoxin system. Thioredoxin system, including thioredoxin (Trx), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and NADPH, exhibits a wide range of functions such as regulation of redox state and cell apoptosis. Particularly, Trx functions as a protein disulfide reductase which is essential for the function of Trx system. However, the bioactivity of Trx is closely dependent on its reducing form. According to the information, TrxR is the only cellular enzyme to catalyze the NADPH-dependent reduction of Trx. Besides the reduction of some protein disulfide like Trx, TrxR still has a broad substrate specificity to reduce some small molecules like 5, 5 '-dithiobis-2- nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB). The reduction of Trx or its own direct action towards its various substrates endows TrxR with a wide range of cellular functions. Recent studies have elucidated that TrxR was upregulated in many malignant tumors and inhibition of TrxR could prevent the tumor initiation and progression, suggesting TrxR to be a promising target for cancer therapy and the high nucleophilic and accessible selenocysteine (Sec) active site might be the prime target for drug design. Various kinds of TrxR inhibitors have been developed as anticancer agents for years. In this review, TrxR inhibitors are divided into three classes, including metal-containing inhibitors, naturally occurring products and their derivatives and other newly emerged inhibitors. The last five years reports about TrxR inhibitors of each class will be introduced and their novel inhibiting mechanisms will be discussed.
Human action learning via hidden Markov model (1997)

To successfully interact with and learn from humans in cooperative modes, robots need a mechanism for recognizing, characterizing, and emulating human skills. In particular, it is our interest to develop the mechanism for recognizing and emulating simple human actions, i.e., a simple activity in a manual operation where no sensory feedback is available. To this end, we have developed a method to model such actions using a hidden Markov model (HMM) representation. We proposed an approach to address two critical problems in action modeling: classifying human action-intent, and learning human skill, for which we elaborated on the method, procedure, and implementation issues in this paper. This work provides a framework for modeling and learning human actions from observations. The approach can be applied to intelligent recognition of manual actions and high-level programming of control input within a supervisory control paradigm, as well as automatic transfer of human skills to robotic systems.
Crystal structure of the ethyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate from <i>Illicium difengpi</i> K.I.B et K.I.M. (2018)

The title compound, C 10 H 12 O 4 , was isolated from Illicium difengpi K.I.B et K.I.M. An intramolecular O—H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, the compound forms offset slanted stacks of alternating inversion-related molecules along the a axis direction. Intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into double strands parallel to the [101] direction.
Effect of pyridoxine on the disposition and lymphopenic effects of 2-acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole in the rat (1990)

1. 2-Acetyl-4(5)-tetrahydroxybutyl imidazole (THI) administered orally to rats markedly decreased the peripheral blood lymphocyte count within 16-24 h. The lymphopenic effect of THI was prevented by co-administration of pyridoxine. 2. 14C-THI, administered orally, was absorbed in a dose-dependent manner and excreted unmetabolized. These processes were not affected by co-administration of pyridoxine. 3. In contrast, the rate of excretion of 14C-THI administered i.v. was increased by both dietary and parenterally-administered pyridoxine, and pyridoxine decreased the amount of radiolabel associated with lymphoid tissues. 4. The results show that the lymphopenic effect of THI is not sustained once it is excreted, and indicate that pyridoxine and THI may compete for the same binding site in lymphoid tissues.
Jon L. Saari, Legacies of Childhood: Growing up Chinese in a Time of Crisis, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Council on East Asian Studies, 1990), xiv, 379 pp. Cloth $ 26.00 (1993)

"Jon L. Saari, Legacies of Childhood: Growing up Chinese in a Time of Crisis, 1890-1920 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, Council on East Asian Studies, 1990), xiv, 379 pp. Cloth $ 26.00" published on 01 Jan 1993 by Brill.
Field emission properties of Si tip arrays coated with N-doped SrTiO3 thin films at different substrate temperature (2009)

The effect of substrate temperature (TS) on the behavior of field emission, microstructure, optical band gap, and the surface energy of N-doped SrTiO3 thin films coated on silicon tip arrays has been examined in detail. Results indicate that the TS dominates the chemical states of nitrogen added to the sputtered SrTiO3 films and hence the observations. At the critical temperature of 600 °C, nitrogen atoms incorporate into the oxide film with sp-hybridization features. The generation of the nonbonding lone pair states narrows the optical band gap and the lone pair induced antibonding dipoles lower the threshold field for electron emission substantially. At lowered TS, molecular adsorption of nitrogen dominates. Contact angle measurements further evidence for the presence of antibonding dipole states at the surfaces which is responsible for the adsorbate-induced surface stress.