gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the use of an active wearable exoskeleton for tremor suppression via biomechanical loading (2006)

Biomechanical loading, in particular, viscous loading of the upper limb has been proposed in the literature as a means for suppressing pathologic tremor. It is expected that an improvement on manipulative function can be obtained by reducing the tremorous motion associated to some neurological disorders. This article presents two non-grounded control strategies to suppress tremor by means of a orthotic (wearable) exoskeleton. These two strategies are based on biomechanical loading and notch filtering of tremor via internal forces. Both controls strategies are evaluated and validated on the robotic exoskeleton called WOTAS (wearable orthosis for tremor assessment and suppression). At the end, results obtained in the pre-clinical trials and conclusions of this study are presented
Fusion of the <i>AHRR</i> and <i>NCOA2</i> genes through a recurrent translocation t(5;8)(p15;q13) in soft tissue angiofibroma results in upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor target genes (2012)

Soft tissue angiofibroma is a recently delineated tumor type of unknown cellular origin. Cytogenetic analysis of four cases showed that they shared a t(5;8)(p15;q13). In three of them it was the sole change, underlining its pathogenetic significance. FISH mapping suggested the involvement of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) and nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2) genes in 5p15 and 8q13, respectively. RT-PCR revealed in-frame AHRR/NCOA2 and NCOA2/AHHR transcripts in all four cases. Interphase FISH on paraffin-embedded tissue from 10 further cases without cytogenetic data showed that three were positive for fusion of AHRR and NCOA2. While AHRR has never been implicated in gene fusions before, NCOA2 is the 3'-partner in fusions with MYST3 and ETV6 in leukemias and with PAX3 and HEY1 in sarcomas. As in the previously described fusion proteins, NCOA2 contributes with its two activation domains to the AHRR/NCOA2 chimera, substituting for the repressor domain of AHRR. Because the amino terminal part of the transcription factor AHRR, responsible for the recognition of xenobiotic response elements in target genes and for heterodimerization, shows extensive homology with the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), the fusion is predicted to upregulate the AHR/ARNT signaling pathway. Indeed, global gene expression analysis showed upregulation of CYP1A1 as well as other typical target genes of this pathway, such as those encoding toll-like receptors. Apart from providing a diagnostic marker for soft tissue angiofibroma, the results also suggest that this tumor constitutes an interesting model for evaluating the cellular effects of AHR signaling.
Induction of the Hepatic Cytochrome P450 2B Subfamily by Xenobiotics: Research History, Evolutionary Aspect, Relation to Tumorigenesis, and Mechanism (2006)

The cytochrome P450 belonging to the CYP2B subfamily has long been of great interest because it can be induced by xenobiotics. While a well known diagnostic ligand-receptor theory explains the induction of the CYP1A subfamily, the mechanism by which xenobiotics induce the CYP2B subfamily is not fully understood. Although the constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) undoubtedly plays a crucial role in the induction, many questions regarding the mechanism of CAR activation by xenobiotics have not yet been answered. It is a puzzle that many structurally-unrelated chemicals can increase the expression of the CYP2B subfamily. This may support a mechanism(s) distinct from the signaling induced by ligand-receptor binding. Indeed, phenobarbital, a typical inducer, cannot associate with CAR. Thus, no one is able to answer a fundamental question: what is the initial target of xenobiotics to produce induced expression of CYP2B enzymes? In this review, we survey the research history of CYP2B induction, list the inducers reported so far, and discuss the mechanism of induction including the target site of inducers.
Distributed temperature-change sensor based on Rayleigh backscattering in an optical fiber (1994)

A frequency-modulated continuous-wave technique is used to detect the presence of frequency shifts in the Rayleigh-backscattered light in a single-mode optical fiber as a result of a changing temperature. The system is able to detect a rate of temperature change of 0.014 K/s, when a 20-cm length of fiber is heated. The system is also able to demonstrate a spatial resolution of better than 15 cm.
Thermally Induced Phase Separation Behavior of Compatible Polymer Mixtures (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermally Induced Phase Separation Behavior of Compatible Polymer MixturesT. Nishi, T. T. Wang, and T. K. KweiCite this: Macromolecules 1975, 8, 2, 227–234Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60044a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60044a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2332Altmetric-Citations325LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure–Activity Studies of Bis‐<i>O</i>‐Arylglycolamides: Inhibitors of the Integrated Stress Response (2016)

The integrated stress response comprises multiple signaling pathways for detecting and responding to cellular stress that converge at a single event-the phosphorylation of Ser51 on the α-subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). Phosphorylation of eIF2α (eIF2α-P) results in attenuation of global protein synthesis via the inhibitory effects of eIF2α-P on eIF2B, the guanine exchange factor (GEF) for eIF2. Herein we describe structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of bis-O-arylglycolamides, first-in-class integrated stress response inhibitors (ISRIB). ISRIB analogues make cells insensitive to the effects of eIF2α-P by activating the GEF activity of eIF2B and allowing global protein synthesis to proceed with residual unphosphorylated eIF2α. The SAR studies described herein support the proposed pharmacology of ISRIB analogues as binding across a symmetrical protein-protein interface formed between protein subunits of the dimeric eIF2B heteropentamer.
Touch stimulated pulse generation in biomimetic single-layer graphene (2016)

Detecting variation in contact pressure is a separate sensing mode in the human somatosensory system that differs from the detection of pressure magnitude. If pressure magnitude and variation sensing can be achieved simultaneously, an advanced biomimetic tactile system that better emulates human senses may be developed. We report on a novel single-layer graphene based artificial mechanoreceptor that generates a resistance pulse as the contact stimulus passes a specific threshold pressure, mimicking the generation of action potentials in a biological fast-adapting mechanoreceptor. The electric field from a flexible membrane gate electrode placed above a graphene channel raises the Fermi level from the valence band as pressure deflects the membrane. The threshold pressure is reached when the Fermi level crosses the Dirac point in the graphene energy band, which generates a sharp peak in the measured resistance. We found that by changing the gate potential it was possible to modulate the threshold pressure and using a series of graphene channels, a train of pulses were generated during a transient pressurizing stimulus demonstrating biomimetic behaviour.
Clock distribution in general VLSI circuits (1994)

Minimization of clock skew in VLSI circuits to within a tolerable range is important for dependable operation of any digital system. Moreover, excessive delay through a clock distribution network can significantly degrade the performance of the digital system. Differences in path lengths and active elements of a clock distribution network are largely responsible for clock skew while excessive delay is a result of very long signal routes in the network. Improved integrated circuit processes are placing an increasing demand on current clock routing schemes through higher clock rates and larger die sizes. This paper proposes a clock routing scheme that primarily minimizes clock skew in a general VLSI circuit whose functional elements may be of various sizes and placements. A secondary objective is to reduce the overall network delay. The clock distribution network is generated based on the analysis of RC trees. In the networks so generated, the delay seen from the clock entry point of a circuit to all modules within the circuit is nearly identical. In constructing the clock distribution networks, the fan out of a buffer is accounted for and flexibility in placement of buffers is utilized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An ESD protection scheme for deep sub-micron ULSI circuits (2002)

The paper describes a robust scheme for on-chip protection of sub-micron ULSI circuits against ESD stress using a novel (low voltage) zener-triggered SCR, and a zener-triggered thin gate oxide MOSFET. The devices are implemented in state of the art, 3.3 V, 0.5 /spl mu/m feature site dual-poly, full-SALICIDE technology. The trigger and holding voltages of the described ESD protection elements are tunable over wide operating ranges and the devices trigger consistently and predictably at pre-determined values suitable for sub-micron technologies. The effectiveness of this methodology in providing ESD protection up to 15 kV is successfully demonstrated.
Querying the physical world (2000)

In the next decade, millions of sensors and small-scale mobile devices will integrate processors, memory, and communication capabilities. Networks of devices will be widely deployed for monitoring applications. In these new applications, users need to query very large collections of devices in an ad hoc manner. Most existing systems rely on a centralized system for collecting device data. These systems lack flexibility because data is extracted in a predefined way. Also, they do not scale to a large number of devices because large volumes of raw data are transferred. In our new concept of a device database system, distributed query execution techniques are applied to leverage the computing capabilities of devices, and to reduce communication. We define an abstraction that allows us to represent a device network as a database and we describe how distributed query processing techniques are applied in this new context.
The abilities of an expert marksman tested in the psychological laboratories. (1918)

The current interest and activity of psychologists in devising and applying tests of special fitness for various vocations required in military operations, may justify a report upon an examination in the psychological laboratory of a man of expert ability as a marksman.Mr. William F. Blasse, of San Francisco, long known as an exceptional marksman, scored the world's record on the 200 yard range, free off-hand shooting, 100 shots consecutively, on September 22, 1916.Using the King Target, Mr. Blasse scored 223 points out of a possible 300 which would have required each of the 100 shots to have been placed within one and one-half inches of the center of the * target.Some idea of the accuracy of Mr. Blasse's shooting -sis indicated by a detailed score; of the 100 shots, 38 scored -ired flags (within 15 inches from the center), 47 blue flags (3 inches from center) and 15 white flags (6 inches from center).The average distance of the 100 shots from center -< would be about 2.3 inches.Thus at a distance of 200 yards, " shooting without a rest, Mr. Blasse would find a man's head -jan easy mark.3 Taken into the University of California laboratory, Mr.Blasse gladly submitted to an experimental examination in an effort to determine in what respects his superiority over the marksmen of average or inferior ability was to be found.From jmany tests tried, only those which possess some special signi-I ficance are mentioned.As a control group, 10 students in the | laboratory consented to go through the same series of tests.
Cyclin D1 Is Not an Immediate Target of β-Catenin following Apc Loss in the Intestine (2005)

Cyclin D1 is postulated to be a target of the canonical Wnt pathway and critical for intestinal adenoma development. We show here that, unlike cyclin D1 reporter assays, endogenous cyclin D1 levels are not affected following antagonism of the Wnt pathway in vitro, nor is cyclin D1 immediately up-regulated following conditional loss of Apc in vivo. Cyclin D1 levels do, however, increase in a delayed manner in a small subset of cells, suggesting such up-regulation occurs as a secondary event. We also analyzed the immediate consequences of Apc loss in a cyclin D1(-/-) background and failed to find any cyclin D1-dependent phenotypes. However, we did observe elevated cyclin D1 expression in lesions developing 20 days after Apc loss. In these circumstances, all adenomas (but not smaller lesions) showed cyclin D1 up-regulation. Finally in a smaller study, we analyzed whether cyclin D1 deficiency affected adenoma formation 20 days following induced loss of Apc. Unlike AhCre(+) Apc(fl/fl) mice (which all developed adenomas), doubly mutant AhCre(+) Apc(fl/fl) cyclin D1(-/-) mice only developed small lesions. Taken together, this argues that cyclin D1 up-regulation in intestinal neoplasia is important for tumor progression rather than initiation.
RELATIONS BETWEEN ROTATORY POWER AND STRUCTURE IN THE SUGAR GROUP. XXVII. SYNTHESIS OF A NEW DISACCHARIDE KETOSE (LACTULOSE) FROM LACTOSE<sup>1</sup> (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRELATIONS BETWEEN ROTATORY POWER AND STRUCTURE IN THE SUGAR GROUP. XXVII. SYNTHESIS OF A NEW DISACCHARIDE KETOSE (LACTULOSE) FROM LACTOSE1Edna M. Montgomery and C. S. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 5, 2101–2106Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01368a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01368a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Heregulin-stimulated Signaling in Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells (1995)

We have reported that overexpression of Neu leads to heregulin-stimulated neurite outgrowth and the tyrosine-phosphorylation of Neu and other cellular proteins in PC12 cells. Considering that Neu/ErbB2 alone is not able to functionally couple to heregulin, we looked for the possible involvement of ErbB3 in these neurite outgrowth and tyrosine phosphorylation responses. We found that heregulin stimulates the tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous ErbB3 protein in PC12 cells and that this phosphorylation, like that of Neu, is greatly enhanced in cells that overexpress Neu. Furthermore, overexpression of ErbB3 in PC12 cells led to heregulin-stimulated neurite extension. In addition to becoming tyrosine-phosphorylated, Neu/ErbB2 and ErbB3 associate with each other, and each associates with the 85-kDa regulatory subunit (p85) of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in a heregulin-dependent manner. Thus, Neu/ErbB2 and ErbB3 appear to cooperate to mediate the heregulin signal in PC12 cells. Like heregulin, epidermal growth factor (EGF) also stimulate the tyrosine phosphorylation of both Neu and ErbB3. However, there are clear differences between the EGF- and heregulin-stimulated phosphorylations of ErbB3. In the heregulin response, two tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of ErbB3 are detected. Of these, only the more quickly migrating form (on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is found to be associated with Neu, whereas the other, more slowly migrating form is uniquely capable of forming stable complexes with p85. In the EGF response, at least two tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of ErbB3 are detected, but these phosphoproteins have distinctly lower apparent molecular weights compared with the heregulin-stimulated ErbB3 phosphoproteins and do not complex with p85. Thus the formation of a stable ErbB3-p85 complex in PC12 cells is a unique outcome of heregulin signaling that correlates with the differences in cell morphology induced by the activated EGF receptor and the Neu tyrosine kinase.
NFIL3-Deficient Mice Develop Microbiota-Dependent, IL-12/23–Driven Spontaneous Colitis (2014)

NFIL3 is a transcription factor that regulates multiple immunologic functions. In myeloid cells, NFIL3 is IL-10 inducible and has a key role as a repressor of IL-12p40 transcription. NFIL3 is a susceptibility gene for the human inflammatory bowel diseases. In this article, we describe spontaneous colitis in Nfil3(-/-) mice. Mice lacking both Nfil3 and Il10 had severe early-onset colitis, suggesting that NFIL3 and IL-10 independently regulate mucosal homeostasis. Lymphocytes were necessary for colitis, because Nfil3/Rag1 double-knockout mice were protected from disease. However, Nfil3/Rag1 double-knockout mice adoptively transferred with wild-type CD4(+) T cells developed severe colitis compared with Rag1(-/-) recipients, suggesting that colitis was linked to defects in innate immune cells. Colitis was abrogated in Nfil3/Il12b double-deficient mice, identifying Il12b dysregulation as a central pathogenic event. Finally, germ-free Nfil3(-/-) mice do not develop colonic inflammation. Thus, NFIL3 is a microbiota-dependent, IL-10-independent regulator of mucosal homeostasis via IL-12p40.
Safety Testing of Indocyanine Green in an Ex Vivo Porcine Retina Model (2006)

ICG induced apoptosis but not necrosis in all nuclear retinal layers in a dose-dependent manner. Brief exposure to ICG 0.1% for 1 minute and illumination for 3 minutes simulated the intraoperative use of ICG. No retinal apoptosis or necrosis was observed. ICG briefly applied to the retinal surface gradually penetrated the entire retina.
Development of a Thermal Barrier Coating Life Model (2003)

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are widely used on the first stage turbine buckets and vanes of land-based (F and G class) gas turbine machines. These coatings normally fail by spallation due to delamination of the ceramic layer along the vicinity of the thermally grown oxide (TGO)/TBC interface. The failure processes involve several mechanisms including oxidation of the bond coat, thermomechanical fatigue, sintering, and spallation of the TBC. This paper describes the development of an analytical tool for predicting the useful life of TBCs for land-based gas turbine applications. The analytical model, called TBCLIFE, has been developed to treat bond coat oxidation, sintering and spallation of the TBC, as well as effects of coating thickness and substrate curvature on TBC spallation. In addition, a parallel experimental program has also been initiated to evaluate the durability of a plasma-sprayed TBC under isothermal and thermal cycling exposures. These results will be used to determine the kinetics of TGO scale growth and the material constants for the TBC life model. The TBC life model will be applied to predicting TBC life as a function of cycle time and the results will be presented as coating life diagrams. The utility of a coating life diagram for estimating the remaining life of TBC will be illustrated and discussed.
Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells from Zinc Oxide and Poly(3-hexylselenophene) (2011)

Regioregular poly(3-hexylselenophene) (P3HS) is used in combination with zinc oxide (ZnO) to make hybrid polymer–metal oxide solar cells with a photoresponse up to 740 nm. Intimately mixed ZnO:P3HS layers were prepared by casting P3HS and diethylzinc as a reactive precursor from a common solvent in a moist atmosphere, followed by conversion to ZnO in the film. Photoinduced absorption spectroscopy was used to identify the electron transfer reaction occurring from P3HS to ZnO under illumination. The performance of ZnO:P3HS solar cells was optimized for composition, layer thickness, and conversion temperature to a final power conversion efficiency of 0.4% in simulated solar light. The performance is primarily limited by a low short-circuit current. By comparing the spectrally resolved external quantum efficiency with the optical absorption, we find that the abundant semicrystalline phase of P3HS gives a negligible contribution to the photocurrent, which is dominated by the scarce amorphous P3HS regions in direct contact with the ZnO.