gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathoracic Pressure Regulation Improves Cerebral Perfusion and Cerebral Blood Flow in a Porcine Model of Brain Injury (2015)

Brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability in children and adults in their most productive years. Use of intrathoracic pressure regulation (IPR) to generate negative intrathoracic pressure during the expiratory phase of positive pressure ventilation improves mean arterial pressure and 24-h survival in porcine models of hemorrhagic shock and cardiac arrest and has been demonstrated to decrease intracranial pressure (ICP) and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) in these models. Application of IPR for 240 min in a porcine model of intracranial hypertension (ICH) will increase CPP when compared with controls. Twenty-three female pigs were subjected to focal brain injury by insertion of an epidural Foley catheter inflated with 3 mL of saline. Animals were randomized to treatment for 240 min with IPR set to a negative expiratory phase pressure of -12 cmH2O or no IPR therapy. Intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure, CPP, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) were evaluated. Intrathoracic pressure regulation significantly improved mean CPP and CBF. Specifically, mean CPP after 90, 120, 180, and 240 min of IPR use was 43.7 ± 2.8 mmHg, 44.0 ± 2.7 mmHg, 44.5 ± 2.8 mmHg, and 43.1 ± 1.9 mmHg, respectively; a significant increase from ICH study baseline (39.5 ± 1.7 mmHg) compared with control animals in which mean CPP was 36.7 ± 1.4 mmHg (ICH study baseline) and then 35.9 ± 2.1 mmHg, 33.7 ± 2.8 mmHg, 33.9 ± 3.0 mmHg, and 36.0 ± 2.7 mmHg at 90, 120, 180, and 240 min, respectively (P < 0.05 for all time points). Cerebral blood flow, as measured by an invasive CBF probe, increased in the IPR group (34 ± 4 mL/100 g-min to 49 ± 7 mL/100 g-min at 90 min) but not in controls (27 ± 1 mL/100 g-min to 25 ± 5 mL/100 g-min at 90 min) (P = 0.01). Arterial pH remained unchanged during the entire period of IPR compared with baseline values and control values. In this anesthetized pig model of ICH, treatment with IPR significantly improved CPP and CBF. This therapy may be of clinical value by noninvasively improving cerebral perfusion in states of compromised cerebral perfusion.
Olean-27-carboxylic Acid-Type Triterpenes with Potent Antibacterial Activity from Aceriphyllum rossii (2008)

Aceriphyllum rossii Engler (Saxifragaceae) have been used as a nutritious food in Korea. We found that the methanol extract of the root portion of A. rossii potently inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus , with a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 8 microg/mL. Using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies, four active constituents were isolated and identified: aceriphyllic acid A, 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid, 3alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid, and 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid. Aceriphyllic acid A and 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid showed a potent antibacterial activity against several strains of S. aureus , including methicillin-resistant S. aureus and quinolone-resistant S. aureus , with MIC values of 2-8 microg/mL, while 3alpha-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid and 3beta-hydroxyolean-12-en-27-oic acid exhibited a very weak activity, with MIC values of 128 microg/mL. The methyl ester derivative of aceriphyllic acid A lost its antibacterial activity. The time-kill study against S. aureus indicated that aceriphyllic acid A had rapid bactericidal activity. These results indicated that aceriphyllic acid A and 3-oxoolean-12-en-27-oic acid are the most active principles, and both the carboxylic group at C-27 and the hydroxyl group at C-24 in aceriphyllic acid A are critical for the rapid bactericidal activity.
Unique Well Control Choke: Design Objectives vs. Commercial Field Performance (1987)

ABSTRACT This paper discusses some objectionable operating characteristics of most present day conventional well control chokes. It then sets forth design objectives for a different type choke to overcome these objectionable characteristics. The paper then describes the final design, presents some performance charts for comparison to conventional chokes, and relates general field performance of the choke in commercial service.
Introduction: The scramble for Eden: past, present and future in African conservation (1988)

There is no doubting the seriousness of environmental and agrarian problems in Africa today in the eyes of the developed world. Human life, natural habitat, soils and species are all thought to be endangered in the continent to an extent never known before. The 'crisis' in Africa, whether enunciated in terms of sheer human suffering and the tragedy of famine, the threat to wildlife or the spread of desertification, is becoming a commonplace of academic and popular culture throughout the industrialised world and, not least, among urbanised Africans themselves. The western media, and television especially have helped to catalyse this development and, while often distorting and misrepresenting the issues, have linked the African predicament, at least temporarily, to the mainstream of European concerns. Even the very name 'Africa', it might be argued, has come to be equated with notions of doom and despondency that have very little to do with older connotations of Africa in the European mind. The more hopeful idea of Africa as a natural habitat teeming with spectacular wildlife has much older antecedents than the image conferred on the continent in the 1980s by famine. Equally the European interest in conserving the wildlife and habitats of Africa has a long history, much of it entirely ignorant of the long-established and successful ways in which Africans have ensured their own survival and that of the soils, plants and creatures which they need in order to live (Worthington, 1958; Darling, 1960; cf. Brokensha, Warren & Werner, 1980; Richards, 1985) and which form a basic part of the texture and meaning of rural, non-industrial existence.
V-region glycosylation and antigen binding in monoclonal anti-α(1 → 6)dextrans (1992)

Conference Article| May 01 1992 V-region glycosylation and antigen binding in monoclonal anti-α(1 → 6)dextrans A. Wright; A. Wright *Molecular Biology Institute, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. Wallick; S. Wallick †Department of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. H. Tao; M. H. Tao †Department of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. A. Kabat; E. A. Kabat †Department of Microbiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar S. L. Morrison S. L. Morrison *Molecular Biology Institute, U.C.L.A., Los Angeles, CA 90024, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1992) 20 (2): 259. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200259 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation A. Wright, S. Wallick, M. H. Tao, E. A. Kabat, S. L. Morrison; V-region glycosylation and antigen binding in monoclonal anti-α(1 → 6)dextrans. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1992; 20 (2): 259. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0200259 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1992 Biochemical Society1992 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A Decision Support System for Improving Resiliency of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control Systems (2016)

Advanced driver assistance systems (ADASs) enhance transportation safety and mobility, and reduce impacts on the environment and economical costs, through decreasing driver errors. One of the main features of ADASs is cruise control system that maintains the driver's desired speed without intervention from the driver. Adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems adjust the vehicle's speed to maintain a safe following distance to the vehicle in front. Adding vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communications (V2X) to ACC systems, result in cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) systems, where each vehicle has trajectory data of all other vehicles in the same lane. Although CACC systems offer advantages over ACC systems in increasing throughput and average speed, they are more vulnerable to cyber-security attacks. This is due to V2X communications that increase the attack surface from one vehicle to multiple vehicles. In this paper, we inject common types of attack on the application layer of connected vehicles to show their vulnerability in comparison to autonomous vehicles. We also proposed a decision support system that eliminates risk of inaccurate information. The microscopic work simulates a CACC system with a bi-objective PID controller and a fuzzy detector. A case study is illustrated in detail to verify the system functionality.
Uncertainty Quantification in Complex Simulation Models Using Ensemble Copula Coupling (2013)

Critical decisions frequently rely on high-dimensional output from complex computer simulation models that show intricate cross-variable, spatial and temporal dependence structures, with weather and climate predictions being key examples. There is a strongly increasing recognition of the need for uncertainty quantification in such settings, for which we propose and review a general multi-stage procedure called ensemble copula coupling (ECC), proceeding as follows: 1. Generate a raw ensemble, consisting of multiple runs of the computer model that differ in the inputs or model parameters in suitable ways. 2. Apply statistical postprocessing techniques, such as Bayesian model averaging or nonhomogeneous regression, to correct for systematic errors in the raw ensemble, to obtain calibrated and sharp predictive distributions for each univariate output variable individually. 3. Draw a sample from each postprocessed predictive distribution. 4. Rearrange the sampled values in the rank order structure of the raw ensemble to obtain the ECC postprocessed ensemble. The use of ensembles and statistical postprocessing have become routine in weather forecasting over the past decade. We show that seemingly unrelated, recent advances can be interpreted, fused and consolidated within the framework of ECC, the common thread being the adoption of the empirical copula of the raw ensemble. Depending on the use of Quantiles, Random draws or Transformations at the sampling stage, we distinguish the ECC-Q, ECC-R and ECC-T variants, respectively. We also describe relations to the Schaake shuffle and extant copula-based techniques. In a case study, the ECC approach is applied to predictions of temperature, pressure, precipitation and wind over Germany, based on the 50-member European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) ensemble.
Cell Environment-Differentiated Self-Assembly of Nanofibers (2016)

Employing cellular environment for the self-assembly of supramolecular nanofibers for biological applications has been widely explored. But using one precursor to differentiate the extra- and intracellular environments to self-assemble into two different nanofibers remains challenging. With the knowledge that the extracellualr environment of some cancer cells contains large amounts of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) while their intracellular environment is glutathione (GSH)-abundant in mind, we rationally designed a precursor Cys(SEt)-Glu-Tyr(H2PO3)-Phe-Phe-Gly-CBT (1) that can efficiently yield amphiphilic 2 and 2-D to self-assemble into two different nanofibers in hydrogels under the sequential treatment of ALP and GSH. We envision that, by employing a click condensation reaction, this work offers a platform for facilely postmodulation of supramolecular nanofibers, and the versatile precursor 1 could be used to kill two birds with one stone.
Plasma Polymerization of Sulfonated Fluorochlorocarbon Ionomer Films (1994)

Sulfonated fluorochlorocarbon ionomer films were prepared by radio frequency plasma polymerization of trifluorochloroethylene (TFCE) and trifluoromethane sulfonic acid (TFMSA). The TFMSA was introduced into the plasma chamber by bubbling a carrier gas through a vessel containing the neat acid. We show that the sulfonate content of the film prepared can be controlled by varying the temperature of the TFMSA‐containing vessel. We also show that films with high sulfonate contents can be prepared by using TFCE as the carrier gas for the TFMSA and then allowing this gas mixture to sustain the plasma. This may be contrasted to previous experiments of this type, where Ar was used to sustain the plasma and as the carrier gas. To our knowledge, this approach (i.e., of using the reactant gases to support the plasma) has never been used in the synthesis of plasma‐polymerized films. Finally, we have measured the ionic conductivities of the plasma‐polymerized films. The films prepared from the TFCE plasma are an order of magnitude more conductive than the films prepared from the Ar plasma.
Identification of alpha 2-macroglobulin as a carrier protein for IL-6. (1989)

In this report we demonstrate that alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) is a carrier protein for IL-6. IL-6 was found to bind plasma proteins and an immunoblot analysis revealed that the complex between IL-6 and plasma proteins contains alpha 2M. Furthermore, purified alpha 2M bound IL-6. alpha 2M did not inhibit IL-6 activity or its binding to homologous receptor. IL-6 bound to alpha 2M retained its biologic activity and became resistant to treatment with proteases, although free IL-6 was easily degraded. These findings indicate that alpha 2M plays an important role as a carrier protein for IL-6 in serum and makes IL-6 produced at the local inflammatory site available to lymphocytes, hepatocytes, and hematopoietic stem cells, resulting in the induction of the coordinate systemic host defense reactions, such as immune response, acute phase reaction, and hematopoiesis.
Detecting large number of infeasible paths through recognizing their patterns (2007)

A great majority of program paths are found to be infeasible, which in turn make static analysis overly conservative. As static analysis plays a central part in many software engineering activities, knowledge about infeasible program paths can be used to greatly improve the performance of these activities especially structural testing and coverage analysis. In this paper, we present an empirical approach to the problem of infeasible path detection. We have discovered that many infeasible paths exhibit some common properties which are caused by four code patterns including identical/complement-decision, mutually-exclusive-decision, check-then-do and looping-by-flag pattern. Through realizing these properties from source code, many infeasible paths can be precisely detected. Binomial tests have been conducted which give strong statistical evidences to support the validity of the empirical properties. Our experimental results show that even with some limitations in the current prototype tool, the proposed approach accurately detects 82.3% of all the infeasible paths.
The Pathway of myo-Inositol Degradation in Aerobacter aerogenes (1971)

Abstract The pathway of myo-inositol catabolism in Aerobacter aerogenes has been studied, beginning with the first noncyclic intermediate, 2-deoxy-5-keto-d-gluconic acid. A kinase acts on 2-deoxy-5-keto-d-gluconic acid to yield a monophosphorylated product. The isolation of the kinase product was rendered difficult by the presence, in both crude and 20-fold purified extracts, of the next enzyme in the pathway, an aldolase which catalyzes the cleavage of the kinase product to yield dihydroxyacetone phosphate and malonic semialdehyde. However, accumulation of the kinase product was accomplished by specific inactivation of the aldolase by reduction with sodium borohydride in the presence of dihydroxyacetone phosphate. The kinase product was identified as 2-deoxy-5-keto-d-gluconic acid 6-phosphate. Malonic semialdehyde is further metabolized by the last enzyme in the pathway, malonic semialdehyde oxidative decarboxylase. This enzyme was also partially purified. It catalyzes the conversion of malonic semialdehyde, coenzyme A, and NAD+ to acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH + H+. All three of the enzymes that have been identified in this study are induced by growth on myo-inositol, and are constitutive in a mutant which is constitutive for the first three enzymes of the inositol pathway. The operation of the pathway thus results in the conversion of myo-inositol to an equimolar mixture of three known metabolites: dihydroxyacetone phosphate, acetyl-CoA, and CO2.
Immunization with a functional protein complex required for erythrocyte invasion protects against lethal malaria (2014)

An essential step in the invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) by Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) merozoites is the binding of rhoptry neck protein 2 (RON2) to the hydrophobic groove of apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA1), triggering junction formation between the apical end of the merozoite and the RBC surface to initiate invasion. Vaccination with AMA1 provided protection against homologous parasites in one of two phase 2 clinical trials; however, despite its ability to induce high-titer invasion-blocking antibodies in a controlled human challenge trial, the vaccine conferred little protection even against the homologous parasite. Here we provide evidence that immunization with an AMA1-RON2 peptide complex, but not with AMA1 alone, provided complete protection against a lethal Plasmodium yoelii challenge in mice. Significantly, IgG from mice immunized with the complex transferred protection. Furthermore, IgG from PfAMA1-RON2-immunized animals showed enhanced invasion inhibition compared with IgG elicited by AMA1 alone. Interestingly, this qualitative increase in inhibitory activity appears to be related, at least in part, to a switch in the proportion of IgG specific for certain loop regions in AMA1 surrounding the binding site of RON2. Antibodies induced by the complex were not sufficient to block the FVO strain heterologous parasite, however, reinforcing the need to include multiallele AMA1 to cover polymorphisms. Our results suggest that AMA1 subunit vaccines may be highly effective when presented to the immune system as an invasion complex with RON2.
Commonly Used Reagents and Equipment (1996)

This appendix lists recipes for common reagents and also describes equipment that is typically found in a molecular biology laboratory.
The repositioning of the anti-fungal agent ciclopirox olamine as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of haematologic malignancy (2010)

The existing pharmacology and toxicology data suggest that systemic ciclopirox olamine could be repositioned as a new investigational anti-cancer agent. The available pharmacology and toxicology data should aid in the design of phase I clinical trials of this agent in patients with refractory haematologic malignancies.
Binauraalinen toisto Directional Audio Coding -tekniikassa (2008)

Ihminen kuulee äänen suunnan kolmessa ulottuvuudessa, mutta äänestä voi havaita myös muita tilaan liittyviä ominaisuuksia, kuten tilantuntu. Jotta tilaääni tulee toistetuksi oikein, äänilähteiden suunta sekä tilantuntu tulee toistaa realistisesti. Directional Audio Coding (DirAC) on eräs äskettäin esitetty menetelmä tilaäänen toistamiseen. Tällä hetkellä se on toteutettu kaiutinkuunteluun. Tässä diplomityössä tutkitaan, voitaisiinko DirAC-tekniikkaa käyttää kuulokekuuntelussa.\n\nDirAC-analyysissä äänen suunta ja diffuusisuus lasketaan käyttämällä B-formaattisignaaleja. Analyysi ja synteesi suoritetaan taajuuskaistoittain, jotka vastaavat kuulon kriittisiä kaistoja. DirAC-synteesissä ääni jaetaan ei-diffuusiin ja diffuusiin osaan. Ei-diffuusi ääni toistetaan amplitudipanoroinnilla. Kuuloketoistossa käytettiin virtuaalisia kaiuttimia, joiden avulla ääni sijoitetaan haluttuun suuntaan käyttämällä vector base amplitude panning -tekniikkaa (VBAP). Virtuaaliset kaiuttimet toteutettiin käyttämällä head related transfer function -tekniikkaa (HRTF). Diffuusin äänen tarkoituksena on luoda havainto äänestä, joka ympäröi kuulijan eikä sen suuntaa voi havaita. Tämä toteutettiin toistamalla eri tavalla dekorreloituja signaaleja muutamilla virtuaalisilla kaiuttimilla. Virtuaalisten kaiuttimien suunta valittiin siten, että niitä oli joka puolella kuuntelijaa.\n\nDirAC:in kuulokeversiota testattiin epäformaalisti. Havaittiin, että tilantuntu välittyy hyvin ja äänen suunta toistuu luonnollisesti. Suurin ongelma tässä tekniikassa on se, että äänilähteiden ei aina havaita olevan pään ulkopuolella, varsinkin edessä olevilla lähteillä.\n\nTyön osana toteutettiin myös HRTF-mittausjärjestelmä ja DirAC-tekniikkaan pohjautuva päänseurantajärjestelmä. HRTF-mittausjärjestelmällä mitattuja vasteita käytettiin virtuaalisten kaiuttimien luonnissa. Päänseurannan avulla voidaan binauraalisessa toistossa pitää äänilähteet paikallaan, vaikka kuuntelija liikuttaisi päätään.
New electron excited light emitting materials* (1994)

A range of bright, multicolor phosphor systems for field emission displays is reported. These include the standard ZnO:Zn and newer, narrow band emitting systems based on green ZnGa2O4:Mn and red CaTiO3:Pr. A modified, blue emitting ZnO:(Zn/Mg) and thin films of ZnGa2O4:Mn have also been prepared.
Large deployable telescopes for future space observatories (2005)

As with ground based observatories, future space observatories will require increasingly large apertures in order to address the latest questions concerning the nature of our universe and the origin of the galaxies, stars, planets and life itself. Nearly a dozen 8-m to 10-m telescopes are currently in operation on the ground, and designs are being developed for telescopes with apertures 30, 50, and even 100 meters in diameter. Space-based telescopes will inevitably follow this trend in order to take advantage of their freedom from atmospheric effects, diurnal thermal cycling, and limits on their field of regard. The apertures of space telescopes are limited by the size of launch vehicle's payload fairings, however; so segmented deployable optics are currently required for telescopes with apertures larger than approximately 4-meters. This paper discusses the current state-of-the-art and future prospects for large deployable telescopes in space.
A high-speed RISC CPU using the QL16×24 FPGA (2002)

State-of-the-art FPGAs will open new application areas for programmable logic previously possible only with ASIC or custom solutions. New submicron programmable ASICs (pASICs) from QuickLogic will push the industry's fastest FPGA architecture to higher speeds and higher densities. This paper describes an intriguing application a high-performance 16-bit RISC CPU designed in a QuickLogic QL16/spl times/24 FPGA.