gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Management of Power Systems (2010)

The increasing energy demand along with the growing concern for environmental issues make energy saving one of the main tasks of present times and it is likely to become even more important in the next decades, as the economic growth is being pursued in developing countries, as China, India and Brazil. As a consequence, researchers, industries and politicians are required to make significant efforts in this field. More and more stringent regulations on pollution and CO2 emissions have been issued, which means limiting energy consumption. However, even if policy is an important tool, it cannot be the only one and it is necessary to spread the knowledge on energy systems, energy saving options and energy use rationalisation (Lopes et al., 2005). This is a prerequisite to make right choices for a more efficient use of energy, even if these choices are not mandatory from a “legal” point of view. Being obvious that this knowledge should be transferred to all the population layers, it is important that the main energy users, as industry, realize that energy is not merely an overhead, as part of business maintenance, but actually a raw material resource required to run the business. Energy management programs should, therefore, become an integral part of the corporate strategy, to increase the business’ profitability and competitiveness. Moreover, knocking down energy costs most of the times means reducing demand on the world’s finite energy sources, cutting pollution and creating a healthier working environment. The main example in this context is Japan, as the Japanese economy is the most energy efficient in the industrialized world and their improvements in energy efficiency enabled the Japanese industry to increase its output of 40% by spending the same energy in 2001 as in 1973 (Van Schijndel., 2002; Kamal, 1997). In general, the application of good energy management practices and energy-efficient equipment allow a readily achievable, costeffective, 20% reduction in industrial consumption (Smith et al., 2007) Energy saving can be realised through different actions on both the utilisation and the production sides (Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, 2004; Meier, 1997). However, it is really a complex task, as many factors influence energy usage, conversion and consumption and these factors are strictly connected to each other. For example, when 9
Experimental size ratio and compositional effects on the packing and hot isostatic pressing of spherical powders (1992)

An experimental method was devised to increase the “packing density” of random spherical powder packings by agitation with an applied compressive force. Maximum random packing densities of both monosize and bimodal-size powder packings of various size ratios and volume fractions are compated to the as-received gas-atmoized SS316L powder. Since the presence of a compressive load will tend to restrict the opening of interparticle passages through the powder pack, uniform mixing of the powders beforehand is important for achieving optimum packing. At the same time, however, macroscopic size segregation of mixer-mill-premixed powder packins was found not to be significant using this technique. Densities of optimized bimodal-size powder packings far exceed those of non-optimized packings and the as-received (continuously distributed) powder. This enhancement is also retained during subsequent hot isostatic pressing.
Effective Treatment of Insulin-Induced Edema Using Ephedrine (1993)

Ephedrine may be an effective treatment for insulin-induced edema and may be preferable to the use of diuretics in such patients.
Subfilamentary Networks Cause Cycle-to-Cycle Variability in Memristive Devices (2017)

A major obstacle for the implementation of redox-based memristive memory or logic technology is the large cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device variability. Here, we use spectromicroscopic photoemission threshold analysis and operando XAS analysis to experimentally investigate the microscopic origin of the variability. We find that some devices exhibit variations in the shape of the conductive filament or in the oxygen vacancy distribution at and around the filament. In other cases, even the location of the active filament changes from one cycle to the next. We propose that both effects originate from the coexistence of multiple (sub)filaments and that the active, current-carrying filament may change from cycle to cycle. These findings account for the observed variability in device performance and represent the scientific basis, rather than prior purely empirical engineering approaches, for developing stable memristive devices.
Using speculative retirement and larger instruction windows to narrow the performance gap between memory consistency models (1997)

This paper studies techniques to improue the performance of memory consistency models for shared-memory multiprocessors with ILP processors. The first part of this paper extends earlier work by studying the impact of current hardware optimization to memory consistency implementations, hardware-controlled non-binding prefetching and speculative load execution, on the performance of the processor consistency (PC) memory model. We find that the optimized implementation of PC performs significant tly better than the best implementation of sequential consistency (SC) in some cases because PC relaxes the store-to-load ordering constraint of SC. Nevertheless, release consistency (RC) provides significant benefits over PC in some cases, because PC' suffers from the negative ef7ects of premature store prefetches and insufficient memory queue sizes. The second part of the paper proposes and evaluates a new technique, speculative retirement, to improve the performance of SC. Speculative retirement alleviates the impact of the store-to-load constraint of SC by allowing loads and subsequent instructions to speculatively commit or retire, even while a previous store is outstanding. Speculative retirement needs additional hardware support (in the form of a history bu~er) to recover from possible consistency viola- tions due to such speculative retires. With a 64 element history bufler, speculative retirement reduces the execution time gap between SC and PC to within 11% for ail our applications on our base architecture; a significant, though reduced, gap still remains between SC and RC. The third part of our paper evaluates the interactions of the various techniques with larger instruction window sizes. When increasing instruction window size, initially, the previous best implementations of all models generally improve in performance due to increased load and store overlap. With further increases, the performance of PC and RC stabilizes while that of SC often degrades (due to negative eflects of
Coloring titanium and related metals by electrochemical oxidation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTColoring titanium and related metals by electrochemical oxidationEmily Gaul Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1993, 70, 3, 176Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1993Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ed070p176RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1710Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of the 3′-terminal half of yeast alanine transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA<sup>Ala</sup>) by the phosphotriester approach in solution. Part 1. Preparation of the nucleoside building blocks (1989)

Adenosine and cytidine are converted into their 6-N- and 4-N-(4-t-butylbenzoyl) derivatives [(12) and (13b), respectively] which are then converted into the corresponding 2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)[(21; B =5b) and (21; B =6b), respectively] and 5′-O-[2-(dibromomethyl)benzoyl]2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl) derivatives [(35; B =5b) and (35; B =6b), respectively]. The conversion of (12) into its 2′,3′-O-methoxymethylene derivative (24) is also described. Guanosine is converted, by two routes, into its 6-O-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-N-phenylacetyl derivative (16a), and the latter compound is converted into its 5′-O-[2-(dibromomethyl)benzoyl]-2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl) and 5′-O-(9-phenylxanthen-9-yl)-2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl) derivatives [(35; B =9b) and (26), respectively]. The preparation of 2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)-4-O-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)uridine (18) from 2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl)uridine (17a) and its conversion to its 5′-O-[2-(dibromomethyl)benzoyl]derivative (35; B =10) are described. 5-Methyluridine (19; B =27), pseudouridine (19; B =28a) and inosine (19; B =29) are converted into their 2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl) derivatives (21; B =27, 28a, and 29, respectively); (21; B =27) is further converted into its 4-O-phenyl derivative (30), (21; B =28a) is further converted into its 1-N-(4-bromobenzenesulphonyl) and 5′-O-[2-(dibromomethyl)benzoyl]-1-N-(4-bromobenzenesulphonyl) derivatives [(32) and (35; B =28b), respectively], and (21; B =29) is further converted into its 1-N-pivaloyloxymethyl- and 1-N-methyl derivatives [(33a) and (33b), respectively]. The N1,N1,N3,N3-tetramethylguanidinium E-2-nitrobenzaldoximate-promoted removal of O-aryl protecting groups from the 2′-O-(4-methoxytetrahydropyran-4-yl) derivatives of 6-O-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-N-phenylacetylguanosine, 4-O-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)uridine, 5-methyl-4-O-phenyluridine and 1-N-(4-bromobenzenesulphonyl)-5-β-D-ribofuranosyluracil [(21; B =9b), (18), (30), and (32), respectively], and the ammonia-promoted removal of the 1-N-pivaloyloxymethyl group from (33a) are described. Finally, the synthesis of 2-(isopropylthiomethoxymethyl)benzoic acid [Ptmt acid, (40)], the conversion of (18) and (21; B =5b) into their 5′-O-Ptmt derivatives [(41a) and (41b)], and the two-step procedure for the removal of the Ptmt protecting group are described.
Nicotine as Therapy (2004)

In daily use for centuries by hundreds of millions of people, nicotine has only lately been investigated for its therapeutic potential in a long list of common ills
High-Energy Potential Scattering (1957)

Asymptotically in the limit of high energies, successive approximations are obtained for the problem of potential scattering where the total phase shift through the potential is not small. Only the Schr\"odinger wave equation is treated. The method consists of first applying the stationary-phase approximation to the integral equation and then solving the resulting equation by iteration to derive the asymptotic behavior of the field. In particular, some information about the radiation field is obtained.
Direct Measurement of Contact Angles of Silica Particles in Relation to Double Inversion of Pickering Emulsions (2013)

In an alkane-water system containing submicrometer silica particles at high pH, double emulsion inversion from oil-in-water (o/w) to water-in-oil (w/o) to oil-in-water can be effected by increasing the concentration of a dichain cationic surfactant in water. The contact angle θ of the particles at the planar oil-water interface has been measured directly using freeze-fracture shadow-casting cryo-scanning electron microscopy, enabling single-particle measurements of high accuracy. θ passes through a maximum with respect to surfactant concentration. It is shown that particles undergo a hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic transition corresponding closely to the o/w-w/o-o/w transformation observed in emulsions. These results unequivocally link the single-particle contact angles to the type of particle-stabilized emulsion, confirming macroscopic emulsion inversion on the microscopic level.
Neurotrophic Factors and Gene Therapy in Spinal Cord Injury (2000)

Although it was once thought that the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals was incapable of substantial recovery from injury, it is now clear that the adult CNS remains responsive to various substances that can promote cell survival and stimulate axonal growth. Among these substances are growth factors, including the neurotrophins and cytokines, and growth-supportive cells such as Schwann cells, olfactory ensheathing glia, and stem cells. We review the effects of these substances on promoting axonal growth after spinal cord injury, placing particular emphasis on the genetic delivery of nervous system growth factors to specific sites of injury as a means of promoting axonal growth and, in limited instances, functional recovery.
Deep Learning by Scattering (2013)

We introduce general scattering transforms as mathematical models of deep neural networks with l2 pooling. Scattering networks iteratively apply complex valued unitary operators, and the pooling is performed by a complex modulus. An expected scattering defines a contractive representation of a high-dimensional probability distribution, which preserves its mean-square norm. We show that unsupervised learning can be casted as an optimization of the space contraction to preserve the volume occupied by unlabeled examples, at each layer of the network. Supervised learning and classification are performed with an averaged scattering, which provides scattering estimations for multiple classes.
Effect of Humidification Water on Semi-Dry Flue Gas Desulfurization (2011)

Effects of humidification water parameters (ratio of humidification water to total water, location of humidification water) on semi-dry flue gas desulfurization removal efficiency has been experimentally investigated. The optimal values of the parameters were obtained under the experiment conditions, which were 30% for ratio of humidification water to total water and at 6 meters above the lime slurry nozzle. SO2 removal efficiency of the scrubber and the whole system can reach 72% and 87% respectively which are 14% and 6% higher than corresponding efficiency without humidification water.
Lectin Receptor Kinases in Plants (2002)

Referee: Dr. Philip Becraft, Zoology and Genetics/Agronomy Depts., 2116 Molecular Building, lowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 Forty-two lectin receptor kinase (lecRK)-related sequences and nine related soluble legume lectin sequences were identified in the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. The genes are scattered as a single or gathered copies at different loci throughout the five chromosomes, and four predicted lecRK probably correspond to pseudogenes. Both structural alignments and molecular modeling revealed striking similarities between the lectinlike domain of lecRK, and related A. thaliana soluble lectins and legume lectins. The hydrophobic cavity is extremely conserved, whereas most of the residues forming the monosaccharide-binding site and the bivalent cation-binding site of legume lectins are poorly conserved. LecRK should be unable to bind the simple sugars usually recognized by genuine legume lectins. Molecular modeling of the kinase domain suggests that, except for two apparently inactive receptors, all other lecRK contain a putative functional Ser/Thr kinase catalytic domain. Both the juxtamembrane and C-terminal domains, which are considered important regions for regulating the kinase activity, exhibit a few specific stretches of amino acid residues. Some phylogenetic relationships are inferred from the phylogenetic trees built up from the different lecRK domain sequences. LecRK cluster in three distinct classes (A,B,C), one of them (B) being more closely related to soluble lectins of A. thaliana and legume lectins.
SYNTHESIS OF SILICA GLASS BY PLASMA CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION METHOD (2008)

Silica glass was synthesized by plasma chemical vapor deposition method, which uses inductively coupled plasma as the heat source. Air and oxygen were separately used as ionized gas and protecting gas. The influence of ionized gases on the length of plasma flame and the temperature of substrate is more significant than that of the protecting gases. A length of 24 cm plasma flame and a deposition temperature of 1 300 ℃ were obtained when oxygen was used as both ionized gases and protecting gases, but in the case of air, the length of plasma flame was 24 cm and the deposition temperature was 1 840 ℃. Both of the longer plasma flame and the higher deposition temperature offered a good condition to deposit high quality silica glass. The silica glass has 84% transmittance at a wavelength of 190 nm and 3.5 10–6 of the hydroxyl group, which is the glass of full-spectrum transmittance.
A comparison of secure UNIX operating systems (2002)

Industry has seen the introduction of a number of secure UNIX products. This paper is a summary of a study conducted by Oracle in determining the similarities and differences in the various secure UNIX implementations that are now or will shortly be available. The five systems that were surveyed for this study are: AT&T System V/MLS, Release 1.1, SunOS MLS, Version 1.0, SecureWare Security Module Package Plus, Version 1.0, Addamax B1st Trusted System Kit for System V 3.0, Release 1.0 and Trusted Xenix, Version 1.0. It compares the systems in the area of discretionary access control, mandatory access control and accountability and identification, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ce^3+ Doped yttrium aluminum and lutetium aluminum garnet embedded in a soda-lime silica glass by a sintering technique (2015)

Commercial Ce3+ doped yttrium aluminum (Ce3+:YAG) and lutetium aluminum garnet (Ce3+:LuAG) powders were mixed with powdered soda-lime silicate glass with the molar composition 15.5 Na2O / 10.7 CaO / 73.8 SiO2. Then the mixtures were sintered at temperatures in the range from 800 to 1000 °C for 10 and 30 min. XRD-patterns proved that the samples contain only the respective garnet phases. During sintering at 1000 °C, a notable dissolution of the garnet phase took place as proved by the occurrence of the typical blue emission of Ce3+ in the glassy phase if excited with UV light. Dissolution of the phosphors is much lower at a processing temperature of 800 °C. Additionally, the dissolution process is strongly affected by the chemical composition of the glass. The concentration of the phosphors in the glass matrix had only a minor effect on the fluorescence intensity. The efficiency in lm/W increases with the sample thickness and is for the Ce3+:LuAG sample nearly as high as for polymer embedded samples, while it is slightly smaller for the Ce3+:YAG samples.
Use of polarimetric lidar for the study of oriented ice plates in clouds (2006)

A polarization lidar operating at 532 nm was converted into an automatic, polarimetric lidar capable of measuring the entire Stokes vector of backscattered light and its derived quantities. Among these quantities, circular and linear depolarizations were studied as tools for investigating the presence of anisotropic scattering media. Isotropic scatterers show a simple relationship between linear and circular depolarization, a relation that we confirm theoretically and experimentally. Deviations from this relation, which are possible in the presence of anisotropic scatterers such as horizontally oriented ice plates when they are observed with a slant lidar, were studied both numerically and experimentally.
An aquaporin-4/transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (AQP4/TRPV4) complex is essential for cell-volume control in astrocytes (2011)

Regulatory volume decrease (RVD) is a key mechanism for volume control that serves to prevent detrimental swelling in response to hypo-osmotic stress. The molecular basis of RVD is not understood. Here we show that a complex containing aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) is essential for RVD in astrocytes. Astrocytes from AQP4-KO mice and astrocytes treated with TRPV4 siRNA fail to respond to hypotonic stress by increased intracellular Ca(2+) and RVD. Coimmunoprecipitation and immunohistochemistry analyses show that AQP4 and TRPV4 interact and colocalize. Functional analysis of an astrocyte-derived cell line expressing TRPV4 but not AQP4 shows that RVD and intracellular Ca(2+) response can be reconstituted by transfection with AQP4 but not with aquaporin-1. Our data indicate that astrocytes contain a TRPV4/AQP4 complex that constitutes a key element in the brain's volume homeostasis by acting as an osmosensor that couples osmotic stress to downstream signaling cascades.
The histopathology of lepromatous leprosy tn the nose (1975)

On the basis of clinical, histological and bacteriological assessments, 31 patients in Central India were selected and classified as having active but early lepromatous leprosy and 4 patients as having early borderline leprosy. From the nose of each patient an average of 4 biopsies were taken from particular sites of the septum and turbinates either by punch biopsy or dissection with a scalpel. The nasal tissues from all the lepromatous patients contained many acid-fast bacilli; no bacilli or abnormalities were seen in nasal tissues from the borderline patients. The histopathology of these highly bacilliferous tissues is described. Bacilli were universally seen in macrophages, but they were also seen in blood monocytes and polymorphs, fibroblasts, squamous and pseudo-columnar epithelium, keratin, peri- and endo-neurial cells of tiny nerve bundles, erectile tissue, vascular plain muscle, perivascular histiocytes and frequently and abundantly in the cytoplasm of endothelial lining cells of lymphatics and of small blood vessels and free within the lumina of these vessels. Five basic mechanisms of escape of bacilli from the submucosa on to the surface, and thus into the external environment, are described. Secondary infection, in the presence of an expansile lepromatous infiltrate, together with simple trauma to the surface epithelium, are the main factors in the discharge of bacilli. These histopathological observations are consistent with the findings from other recent studies on the nose in leprosy regarding (1) the large numbers of morphologically intact and viable Myco. leprae excreted in the nasal mucus of lepromatous patients; (2) the clinical changes observed in the nose of such patients, and (3) the similar nasal involvement and excretion of Myco. leprae from the nose of mice inoculated with leprosy bacilli of human origin. Of particular interest was the frequency and intensity of bacilli within the endothelial lining cells of small blood and lymph vessels and the presence of bacilli free within the lumina of these vessels or within monocytes and polymorphs. The possible dynamic significance of these observations in the pathogenesis of leprosy is discussed. The significance of all these observations in relation to (1) the spread of leprosy; (2) local factors in the nose which might favour the growth of Myco. leprae, and (3) the nose as a portal of entry, are discussed.
A Comparison of Immuncapture Agglutination and ELISA Methods in Serological Diagnosis of Brucellosis (2011)

Immuncapture agglutination test yields similar results to those of Coombs anti-brucella test. This test is a useful test by virtue of the fact that it determines blocking antibodies in the diagnosis and follow-up of brucellosis.