gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-Physical Dependence of Several Drugs in Methaqualone-Dependent Rats (1988)

We investigated the characteristics of physical dependence on meth-aqualone. Rats were made physically dependent on methaqualone by the use of the drug-admixed food (DAF) method for 33 days. Pentobarbital, barbital, ethanol and diazepam were cross-administered against methaqualone to evaluate the degree of suppression of methaqualone withdrawal signs as an index for the cross-physical dependence liability of these drugs to methaqualone. To evaluate the cross-physical dependence liability, we used AUC of body weight loss and withdrawal scores between the first cross-administration (9 hr after the withdrawal) and 27 hr after the withdrawal. AUC of weight loss was significantly suppressed by the four test drugs as compared to each control. Withdrawal scores were also significantly inhibited by the cross-administration of barbital, ethanol and diazepam. Considering that the rats given barbital or ethanol fell asleep after the cross-administration, diazepam seems to cause the strongest suppression of methaqualone withdrawal signs among the four test drugs. Thus, physical dependence on methaqualone may be similar by nature to that on benzodiazepines rather than barbiturates and alcohol.
Estimating Gestational Age From Ultrasound Fetal Biometrics (2017)

The NICHD gestational age estimation formula is associated with smaller errors than a well-established historical formula. Racial and ethnic-specific formulas are not superior to a racial-ethnic-neutral one.
Extended Ni(III) Oxyhalide Perovskite Derivatives: Sr<sub>2</sub>NiO<sub>3</sub><i>X</i> (<i>X</i> = F, Cl) (2013)

Extended layered oxyhalide compounds, Sr2NiO3X (X = F, Cl), with the square pyramidal coordination around the trivalent nickel ions in the low spin state (S = 1/2), are successfully synthesized by a high-pressure and high-temperature reaction. Both these compounds crystallize in the n = 1 Ruddlesden–Popper type structure, but the difference of halogen anions incorporated dictate the anion-site ordering patterns and the magnetic ground states. Sr2NiO3F adopts the tetragonal cell in the space group I4/mmm (a = b = 3.79125(2) Å and c = 13.13754(9) Å), with O/F anions being disordered at the apical sites, while the crystal structure of Sr2NiO3Cl is described in the tetragonal space group P4/nmm (a = b = 3.85566(1) Å and c = 14.43240(6) Å) with O/Cl anions being fully ordered at the apical sites. Additionally, Sr2NiO3Cl undergoes a long-range antiferromagnetic order below TN = 33 K, while the fluorine counterpart does not exhibit a long-range ordering but spin glass transition at TSG = 11 K. In light of the positive Weiss temperatures for both X = F and Cl, the unpaired electron likely occupies a d(xy) orbital. Namely, the superexchange interaction mediated by d(xy)-Opπ-d(xy) in the NiO2 basal plane is antiferromagnetic, while the direct exchange interaction between d(xy)-d(xy) along the diagonal directions is ferromagnetic. The origin of spin glass behavior observed in X = F is probably due to randomness of the direct d(xy)-d(xy) bonds caused by off-centering nickel ions and O/F site disordering.
Etiology and Epidemiology of Travelers' Diarrhea in Asia (1986)

Travelers' diarrhea in Asia has been studied among Peace Corps volunteers in Thailand, Japanese travelers, foreign residents in Bangladesh, guests in hotels, and members of various tour groups. Rates of diarrheal attack of greater than 50% during four- to six-week sojourns were reported for these groups. Among travelers with diarrhea, the most commonly isolated pathogen was enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (20%-34%), followed by Salmonella (11%-15%), Shigella (4%-7%), Campylobacter (2%-5%), and Vibrio parahaemolyticus (1%-13%). In 9%-22% of diarrheal episodes, multiple pathogens were recovered. Among Japanese travelers, Salmonella was more commonly acquired in the Far East; Shigella and Campylobacter, in the Indian subcontinent; and V. parahaemolyticus, in Southeast Asia. Aeromonas hydrophila and Plesiomonas shigelloides were commonly isolated from ill travelers in Thailand but less frequently from other travelers. Protozoa and Vibrio species other than V. parahaemolyticus were isolated in less than 5% of episodes.
Infection of tobacco protoplasts with in vitro transcribed tobacco mosaic virus RNA using an improved electroporation method (1987)

We previously established an in vitro transcription system which can produce infectious tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNAs from cDNA templates [(1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83, 5043‐5047]. Here we report a useful system for the infection of tobacco protoplasts with a small amount of infectious RNAs, like in vitro transcripts from cDNA templates, involving an improved electroporation method. This system will facilitate the elucidation of the functions of the genomic RNA and its coding proteins using in vitro manipulated TMV‐RNAs.
Dynamics of Fractal Networks (1986)

Random structures often exhibit fractal geometry, defined in terms of the mass scaling exponent, D, the fractal dimension. The vibrational dynamics of fractal networks are expressed in terms of the exponent d, the fracton dimensionality. The eigenstates on a fractal network are spatially localized for d less than or equal to 2. The implications of fractal geometry are discussed for thermal transport on fractal networks. The electron-fracton interaction is developed, with a brief outline given for the time dependence of the electronic relaxation on fractal networks. It is suggested that amorphous or glassy materials may exhibit fractal properties at short length scales or, equivalently, at high energies. The calculations of physical properties can be used to test the fractal character of the vibrational excitations in these materials.
Efficacy and Safety of Mu-Opioid Antagonists in the Treatment of Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (2007)

Insufficient evidence exists for the safety or efficacy of naloxone or nalbuphine in the treatment of OBD. Long-term efficacy and safety of any of the opioid antagonists is unknown, as is the incidence or nature of rare adverse events. Alvimopan and methylnaltrexone both show promise in treating OBD, but further data will be required to fully assess their place in therapy.
Deep UV Photolithography with Composite Photoresists Made of Poly(olefin sulfones) (1984)

Poly(butene-1 sulfone), poly(methylcyclopentene sulfone), and a composite resist of poly(2-methyl pentene-1 sulfone) in a novolac resin are well known positive tone electron beam resists. These poly(olefin sulfones) do not have deep UV-sensitivity because they do not absorb UV-light down to 215 nm. When mixed with sensitizers, or used as a composite resist with novolac resins, they showed deep UV-sensitivity in a range of 100 to 250 mJ/cm2; they provided positive tone polymer patterns in straight wet development or in dry development, and negative tone polymer patterns, in which case exposed resist films with a novolac resin were first postbaked at 115°C for 15 min, and then developed in an alkaline developer. Their photosensitivity may be derived from charge transfer complex formations because of observed color change of a novolac resin solution upon addition of poly(olefin sulfone) solution with newly appearing UV-absorption bands, or by simple energy transfer from the light absorbing resin or from photosensitizers which resulted in an unzipping degradation of poly(olefin sulfones) as evidence by gaseous products formed. Poly(olefin sulfones) alone did not give any gaseous photoproducts upon exposure of 254 nm light, but in presence of sensitizers like nitropyridine N-oxide or in a matrix resin poly(olefin sulfones) degrade upon 254 nm irradiation, yielding SO2 and monomeric olefins.
Cellulose Accumulation and a Cellulose Synthase Gene are Responsible for Cell Aggregation in the Cyanobacterium Thermosynechococcus vulcanus RKN (2011)

A thermophilic cyanobacterium, Thermosynechococcus vulcanus RKN, exhibits cell aggregation under low temperature illuminated conditions as a means of physiological acclimation to avoid excess light stress. The cell aggregation was dispersed with cellulase treatment. We developed a method to quantify small amounts of cellulose by partial cellulose purification followed by quantitation of liberated glucose by cellulase. Under low temperature illuminated light conditions, cellulose accumulation was induced approximately 2-fold, to 10 μg (4 × 10(9) cells)(-1), and slightly preceded aggregation. Based on sequence similarity, three candidate genes for cellulose synthase (Tvtll0007, Tvtlr1795 and Tvtlr1930-33) were cloned from T. vulcanus. Gene disruption analysis showed that only Tvtll0007 was responsible for both the light- and low temperature-induced cell aggregation and the induction of cellulose accumulation. Gene expression analysis suggested that the low temperature illuminated conditions quickly induced expression of Tvtlr1795 and Tvtlr1930-33, while the induction of Tvtll0007 was slow. These results suggest that Tvtll0007 encodes a functional cellulose synthase whose activity may not be regulated at the transcriptional level.
A Distraction Technique for Control of Burn Pain (1992)

Research has indicated that analgesics alone do not adequately relieve pain for 75% of patients with burns. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a distraction therapy, in which videos were used in combination with administration of analgesics, on intensity and quality of pain and on levels of anxiety in adults during burn dressing changes. The sample consisted of 17 patients who were randomly assigned to the treatment or the control group. The treatment group viewed video programs that were composed of scenic beauty accompanied by music. Each was asked to score his or her present pain intensity and pain rating index with the McGill questionnaire and anxiety with the Spielberger questionnaire before and after the dressing change. A nested general linear model using the "F" test in multiple regression analysis was adjusted for age, percent partial-thickness burn, and choice of topical agent demonstrated that the use of videos during the dressing changes significantly reduced pain and anxiety: present pain intensity (F = 8.69; p = 0.01), pain rating index (F = 5.57; p = 0.03), anxiety (F = 9.10; p = 0.01). It is recommended that the use of pain medication be augmented by use of videos during burn dressing changes.
A Proposal of Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System (2018)

The Estonian electronic voting system which is a leading electronic voting system still suffers from universal verifiability issues and may need improvement of its availability. To solve the problems, in this paper we propose a blockchain-based electronic voting system. A blockchain is a distributed database, where the complete data is shared among all participants in the network. A blockchain system by its nature has several advantages that suit an electronic voting system. Its distributed architecture provides high availability to the system because it does not rely on a centralized server. As all participants have complete data, the protocol allows them to verify each block that is appended to the chain. We try to combine the double envelope encryption technique and blockchain technology for our proposed electronic voting system.
The emerging role of autophagy in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (2010)

An emerging body of evidence supports a role for autophagy in the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Persistent high concentrations of glucose lead to imbalances in the antioxidant capacity within the cell resulting in oxidative stress-mediated injury in both disorders. An anticipated consequence of impaired autophagy is the accumulation of dysfunctional organelles such as mitochondria within the cell. Mitochondria are the primary site of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and an imbalance in ROS production relative to the cytoprotective action of autophagy may lead to the accumulation of ROS. Impaired mitochondrial function associated with increased ROS levels have been proposed as mechanisms contributing to insulin resistance. In this article we review and interpret the literature that implicates a role for autophagy in the pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus as it applies to β-cell dysfunction, and more broadly to organ systems involved in complications of diabetes including the cardiovascular, renal and nervous systems.
Cortical fMRI Activation Produced by Attentive Tracking of Moving Targets (1998)

Attention can be used to keep track of moving items, particularly when there are multiple targets of interest that cannot all be followed with eye movements. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to investigate cortical regions involved in attentive tracking. Cortical flattening techniques facilitated within-subject comparisons of activation produced by attentive tracking, visual motion, discrete attention shifts, and eye movements. In the main task, subjects viewed a display of nine green "bouncing balls" and used attention to mentally track a subset of them while fixating. At the start of each attentive-tracking condition, several target balls (e.g., 3/9) turned red for 2 s and then reverted to green. Subjects then used attention to keep track of the previously indicated targets, which were otherwise indistinguishable from the nontargets. Attentive-tracking conditions alternated with passive viewing of the same display when no targets had been indicated. Subjects were pretested with an eye-movement monitor to ensure they could perform the task accurately while fixating. For seven subjects, functional activation was superimposed on each individual's cortically unfolded surface. Comparisons between attentive tracking and passive viewing revealed bilateral activation in parietal cortex (intraparietal sulcus, postcentral sulcus, superior parietal lobule, and precuneus), frontal cortex (frontal eye fields and precentral sulcus), and the MT complex (including motion-selective areas MT and MST). Attentional enhancement was absent in early visual areas and weak in the MT complex. However, in parietal and frontal areas, the signal change produced by the moving stimuli was more than doubled when items were tracked attentively. Comparisons between attentive tracking and attention shifting revealed essentially identical activation patterns that differed only in the magnitude of activation. This suggests that parietal cortex is involved not only in discrete shifts of attention between objects at different spatial locations but also in continuous "attentional pursuit" of moving objects. Attentive-tracking activation patterns were also similar, though not identical, to those produced by eye movements. Taken together, these results suggest that attentive tracking is mediated by a network of areas that includes parietal and frontal regions responsible for attention shifts and eye movements and the MT complex, thought to be responsible for motion perception. These results are consistent with theoretical models of attentive tracking as an attentional process that assigns spatial tags to targets and registers changes in their position, generating a high-level percept of apparent motion.
The Action of Elementary Fluorine upon Organic Compounds. X. The Vapor Phase Fluorination of Acetone (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Elementary Fluorine upon Organic Compounds. X. The Vapor Phase Fluorination of AcetoneNobukazu Fukuhara and Lucius A. BigelowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 3, 788–791Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01848a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01848a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Asymptotic performance analysis of V-BLAST (2005)

In this paper, we present an asymptotic analysis of the V-BLAST scheme at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) region. We consider point-to-point MIMO communications over an i.i.d. Rayleigh flat fading channel with n transmitting antennas and m (m /spl ges/ n) receiving antennas. Both the zero-forcing V-BLAST (ZF-V-BLAST) and minimum mean-squared-error V-BLAST (MMSE-V-BLAST) are analyzed with respect to their diversity gains and BER performances. We show that the diversity gain of V-BLAST, including ZF-V-BLAST and MMSE-V-BLAST, with optimal ordering is m - n + 1, i.e. applying the optimal ordering technique does not improve the diversity gain. Contrary to the common perception that the MMSE and ZF estimators have asymptotically the same post-processing SNR for high input SNR, we show that the difference between the post-processing SNRs of the two estimators does not vanish for high SNR. We also quantify the remarkable BER performance advantage of the MMSE-V-BLAST over the ZF-V-BLAST for high SNR.
Enzymatic reduction of shogaol: a novel biotransformation pathway for the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone system. (1992)

A novel reductive metabolism of 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-deca-4-ene-3-one (shogaol), a pungent principle of ginger, was investigated in rat liver in vitro. Ethyl acetate-extractable metabolites of shogaol formed by incubation of this alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone with rat liver cytosolic fraction fortified with NADPH or NADPH-generating system were isolated, and two major metabolites were identified as 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-decan-3-one (paradol) and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy)-decan-3-ol (reduced paradol). 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-deca-1-ene-3-one (dehydroparadol), a non-pungent analog of shogaol, formed the same metabolites as did shogaol under similar incubation conditions. Paradol appears to be an intermediate in the reductive metabolism of the alpha,beta-unsaturated ketone moiety of shogaol to the corresponding saturated alcohol.
Nanobiosensors: Probing the sanctuary of individual living cells (2002)

Recently, nanotechnology has been revolutionizing important areas in molecular biology, especially diagnostics and therapy at the molecular and cellular level. The combination of nanotechnology, biology, and photonics opens the possibility of detecting and manipulating atoms and molecules using nanodevices, which have the potential for a wide variety of medical uses at the cellular level. The nanoprobes were fabricated with optical fibers pulled down to tips with distal ends having sizes of approximately 30-50 nm. The nanoscale size of this new class of sensors, allows for measurements in the smallest of environments. One such environment that has evoked a great deal of interest is that of individual cells. Using these nanobiosensors, it has become possible to probe individual chemical species in specific locations throughout a cell. This article provides an overview of the principle, development, and applications of optical nanosensor systems for in vivo bioanalysis at the single-cell level. The fiberoptics nanoprobes were covalently bound with antibodies that are selective to target analyte molecules. Excitation light is launched into the fiber and the resulting evanescent field at the tip of the fiber is used to excite target molecules bound to the antibody molecules. The fluorescence emission from the analyte molecules is then collected via a microscope. The usefulness and potential of this nanotechnology-based biosensor systems in biological research and applications in single-cell analysis are discussed.
Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of saponins from Sapindus mukurossi (2006)

The saponins of Sapindus mukurossi was analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry. The molecular weights of 12 saponins from-the total saptmin of S. mukurossi were determined by positive and negative ions ESI-MS and their molecular formula were acquired by HMSI-MS. Furthermore, the four hederagenin saponins and seven acyclic sesquiterpene saponins were identified based on the tandem Mass spectrometry.
Biochemotherapy with temozolomide, cisplatin, vinblastine, subcutaneous interleukin-2 and interferon-α in patients with metastatic melanoma (2006)

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy and tolerability of a biochemotherapy regimen, including low-dose subcutaneous interleukin-2 and temozolomide, in patients with metastatic melanoma. Treatment consisted of temozolomide (150 mg/m per day on days 1-5), cisplatin (20 mg/m per day intravenously on days 1-4), vinblastine (1.5 mg/m per day on days 1-4), interleukin-2 (4.5 MU/m per day subcutaneously on days 5-8) and interferon-alpha2b (5 MU subcutaneously on days 5-9, 11, 13, 15, every 28 days). Thirty-six patients were included. Patients with poor prognostic factors were not excluded. Seventeen patients (47%) had been treated previously in an adjuvant setting with interferon-alpha. Four patients (11%) had been treated previously with chemotherapy and six (17%) had been treated with other biochemotherapy regimens. The distribution by American Joint Committee on Cancer staging was as follows: M1a in two patients (6%), M1b in 11 patients (31%) and M1c in 23 patients (64%). At inclusion, seven patients (19.4%) had cerebral metastases that had previously been treated with whole brain radiotherapy. For thirty-four evaluable patients, seven (20.5%) achieved an objective response. Overall, metastatic disease was substantially decreased or temporarily stabilized in 11 patients (32.4%; 95% confidence interval, 17.4-50.5). Responses were observed for all locations. The central nervous system was the initial site of relapse in two responding patients. The median survival was 10 months. The main toxicities noted were haematological (grades 3-4): neutropenia (1.8%), thrombocytopenia (1.8%) and anaemia (1.2%). It can be concluded that this regimen is well tolerated and has a modest activity despite the poor prognosis of our patient population. The low haematological toxicity rate obtained suggests that higher doses could be tried.
A Neuroanatomical Comparison of Humans and Spotted Hyena, a Natural Animal Model for Common Urogenital Sinus: Clinical Reflections on Feminizing Genitoplasty (2005)

The neuroanatomy of the male and female external genitalia in the spotted hyena, Crocuta crocuta, although grossly similar, has distinct anatomical and functional characteristics. The clitoris of the spotted hyena is a classic example of a natural animal model of a common urogenital sinus. The neuroanatomical characteristics of the spotted hyena may be a useful model to simulate the anatomy of common urogenital sinus anomaly in humans.