gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human cytomegalovirus TRS1 protein associates with the 7‐methylguanosine mRNA cap and facilitates translation (2015)

Viruses rely on the host translation machinery for the synthesis of viral proteins. Human cells have evolved sensors that recognize viral RNAs and inhibit mRNA translation in order to limit virus replication. Understanding how viruses manipulate the host translation machinery to gain access to ribosomes and disable the antiviral response is therefore a critical aspect of the host/pathogen interface. In this study, we used a proteomics approach to identify human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) proteins that might contribute to viral mRNA translation. The HCMV TRS1 protein (pTRS1) associated with the 7-methylguanosine mRNA cap, increased the total level of protein synthesis, and colocalized with mRNAs undergoing translation initiation during infection. pTRS1 stimulated translation of a nonviral reporter gene and increased the translation of a reporter containing an HCMV 5' untranslated region (5'UTR) to a greater extent. The preferential effect of pTRS1 on translation of an mRNA containing a viral 5'UTR required the pTRS1 RNA and double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-binding domains, and was likely the result of PKR inhibition. However, pTRS1 also stimulated the total level of protein synthesis and translation directed by an HCMV 5'UTR in cells lacking PKR. Thus our results demonstrate that pTRS1 stimulates translation through both PKR-dependent and PKR-independent mechanisms.
Combining Theorem Proving with Natural Language Processing. (2008)

Abstract. The LogAnswer system is an application of automated reasoning to the field of open domain question answering, which aims at finding answers to natural language questions regarding arbitrary topics. In our system we have integrated an automated theorem prover in a framework of natural language processing tools to allow for deductive reasoning over an extensive knowledge base derived from textual sources. For this purpose we had to intertwine two opposing approaches: on the one hand formal logic with its precision but brittleness, and on the other hand, machine learning applied to shallow linguistic features, which are robust but less precise. In the paper we present implementation details and discuss obstacles and their proposed solutions. 1
Challenges in testing core-based system ICs (1999)

Advances in semiconductor design and manufacturing technology enable the design of complete systems on one IC. To develop these system ICs in a timely manner, traditional IC design in which everything is designed from scratch, is replaced by a design style based on embedding large reusable modules, the so-called cores. Effectively, the design of a core-based IC is partitioned over the core provider(s) and the system-chip integrator. The development of tests should follow the same partitioning. We describe the differences between traditional and core-based test development, and present an overview of current industrial approaches. We list the future challenges regarding standardization, tool development, and academic and industrial research.
Multiple Dividing‐Wall Columns – Current Status and Future Prospects (2018)

Abstract Dividing‐wall columns are a well‐known and proven technology to separate a ternary mixture into pure products with significant savings in capital and operational costs compared to standard two‐column configurations. A consequent advancement are multiple dividing‐wall columns, which allow the separation of multicomponent mixtures in one column shell. However, due to their high complexity, no practical realization has been reported yet. This paper briefly discusses the current state of the art followed by a detailed description of a robust initialization of rigorous flow sheet simulations based on V min diagrams. With the data from the simulation a multi‐objective optimization can be performed. The knowledge from the simulations shall be used to build the first multiple dividing‐wall column worldwide.
Implications of radio fingerprinting on the security of sensor networks (2011)

We demonstrate the feasibility of radio fingerprinting of wire less sensor nodes (Chipcon 1000 radio, 433MHz). We show that, with this type of devices, a receiver can create de vice radio fingerprints and subsequently identify origins of messages exchanged between the devices, even if message contents and device identifiers are hidden. We further ana lyze the implications of device fingerprinting on the security of sensor networking protocols.
Persistent information security (2006)

This paper introduces a new class of information security solution. The core technology, to authorize and track the use of digital files, was originally developed in eCommerce applications, there known as Digital Rights Management (DRM). In applications to non-commercial confidential records, such as health and safety documents, we call the solution "Persistent Information Security". We distinguish it from DRM because the threat models of the fields of application differ significantly. An implementation, RightsEnforcer, is described to clarify some concepts of operation. A simple model for a cost-benefit study of deploying a security technology is suggested and illustrated.
Masking of irregular corneal topography with contact lenses. (1998)

Among the currently available contact lens materials, RGP lenses provide the best visual performance for subjects with keratoconus.
유산소성운동시 항산화시스템에 미치는 Selenium, Vitamin E 복합섭취 효과 (2007)

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of Selenium and vitamin E administration on antioxidant defence system in blood for normal university during four weeks. The subjects in this study were 14 normal university, who were divided into two groups. During the administration period, one group took selenium and vitamin E for three weeks and the other was the placebo group(empty capsules). At the exercise strength of 50~60%Hrmax of the maximum heart rate per person, the exercise was conducted. In terms of blood collecting, the blood collecting was done by 10ml per each time for 2 times before and after the case. And the change in the degree of activation of the Lipid Peroxidation and the Superoxide Dismutase was compared and analyzed. As a result, the degree of activation in SOD, GPx showed a significant increase after the Selenium and vitamin E administration and the aerobic exercise of a low strength for 4 weeks (p<.05). The change in MDA showed a significant decrease after the Selenium and vitamin E administration and the aerobic exercise of a low strength for 4 weeks (p<.05).
ABSTRACTS: Anwendung der Flüssigkeitschromatograhie zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung von Kohlehydraten (1974)

Article ABSTRACTS: Anwendung der Flüssigkeitschromatograhie zur qualitativen und quantitativen Bestimmung von Kohlehydraten was published on February 1, 1974 in the journal Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B (volume 29, issue 1-2).
Effector mechanisms activated by human IgG subclass antibodies: clinical and molecular aspects. Review article. (1994)

Secondary systemic immune responses are predominantly of the IgG class and passive administration of intravenous IgG, from pooled normal serum, is an effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic treatment for patients with defined immunodeficiencies. However, the proportions of each IgG subclass present within a specific antibody response may differ dramatically from that of the total IgG pool. For some antigens the response may be essentially restricted to a single subclass and it may be presumed that the antibody isotype produced has an optimal protective role. The clinical consequences of selective IgG subclass deficiency appears to validate this presumption. In this review we emphasize the differences in effector functions activated by the IgG subclasses and hence the mechanisms responsible for the removal and destruction of antigen/antibody complexes. These studies are relevant to diagnosis and treatment of patients with recurrent infection; the IgG isotype of monoclonal antibodies selected for passive in vivo therapy; the generation of customized antibodies having a pre-determined profile of effector functions and 'immuno-direction' with new vaccines to provoke an antibody response having an isotype profile optimal for the proposed application.
HIGS: Host-Induced Gene Silencing in the Obligate Biotrophic Fungal Pathogen <i>Blumeria graminis</i>    (2010)

Powdery mildew fungi are obligate biotrophic pathogens that only grow on living hosts and cause damage in thousands of plant species. Despite their agronomical importance, little direct functional evidence for genes of pathogenicity and virulence is currently available because mutagenesis and transformation protocols are lacking. Here, we show that the accumulation in barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) of double-stranded or antisense RNA targeting fungal transcripts affects the development of the powdery mildew fungus Blumeria graminis. Proof of concept for host-induced gene silencing was obtained by silencing the effector gene Avra10, which resulted in reduced fungal development in the absence, but not in the presence, of the matching resistance gene Mla10. The fungus could be rescued from the silencing of Avra10 by the transient expression of a synthetic gene that was resistant to RNA interference (RNAi) due to silent point mutations. The results suggest traffic of RNA molecules from host plants into B. graminis and may lead to an RNAi-based crop protection strategy against fungal pathogens.
Regulation of nutrient supply: the brain and appetite control (1994)

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Effect of Temperature on Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Type 316 Series Austenitic Stainless Seels at Low Temperatures (2003)

Hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of type 316 series austenitic stainless steels was investigated in the temperature range from 300 to 80 K. Hydrogen showed a marked effect on the tensile properties of type 316, 316L and 316LN stainless steels. HEE increased with decreasing temperature, reached a maximum at around 200 K and decreased rapidly with decreasing temperature down to 80 K. Sensitization enhanced HEE and decreased a temperature immune to HEE. It was suggested that HEE of the type 316 series stainless steels from 300 K to the maximum HEE temperature depended on the transformation of strain-induced martensite and the behavior below the maximum HEE temperature depended on the diffusion of hydrogen.
Use of refuse as fuel in an existing utility boiler (1972)

This article discusses the City of St. Louis and the Union Electric Co.'s collaboration in a full-scale test of the feasibility of burning prepared refuse as supplementary fuel in an existing pulverized coal-fired boiler. Raw municipal refuse is milled to small particles. The magnetic metals are removed and the remainder is fired pneumatically to a boiler unit. The refuse comprises only a small percentage of the total fuel requirement of the boiler. The topics discussed in detail include: the test boiler; receiving and firing facilities; potential boiler operating problems; applicability of the process; and the relative economics of the process.
Control of <i>Drosphila</i> spp., <i>Carpophilus</i> spp. and <i>Ephestia figulilella</i> (Gregson) in sultana grapes grown for dried fruit (1984)

Sultana grapes grown in Australia for dried fruit are attacked by insects before and during harvest, and during drying and storage. Insect damage, including crop loss and contamination of the dried grapes with insect matter, varies between and within seasons according mainly to the incidence of rain damage. The effectiveness of chlorpyrifos for control of vinegar flies (Drosophila simulans Meigen, D. melanogaster Sturtevant), dried fruit beetles (Carpophilus hemipterus L., C. dimidiatus Fabricius, and C. humeralis Fabricius), raisin moth (Ephestia figulilella Gregson), Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella (Hiibner)), and saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Linnaeus)) was investigated at Irymple, Victoria, in field experiments during 1979 and 1980. In 1979, pre- and post-harvest treatments of chlorpyrifos, applied at a rate designed to give an initial residue of 25 mg/kg in the grapes, reduced insect infestation in drying and dried grapes. In 1980, chlorpyrifos was applied pre-harvest at three rates designed to give initial residues of 50, 5, and 2 mg/kg, respectively. Treatments of 50 and 5 mg/kg were effective in controlling insects in the fresh, drying and dried grapes for each of four successive harvest occasions, and during storage in a commercial packing shed. Chlorpyrifos 2 mg/kg was less effective than the higher rates in controlling raisin moth, Indian meal moth and saw-toothed grain beetle in the latter phases of the experiment. An application of dip mixture (1 % drying oil plus 17 g/litre K2CO3) suppressed vinegar flies and dried fruit beetles for a short period but had no effect on the other insect pests.
MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF PTFE∕Al∕W SYSTEM (2007)

Mechanical and microstructural properties of high density PTFE/Al/W composites consisting of PTFE matrix, aluminum and tungsten particles were investigated. Three types of samples having different porosities and particle sizes of W with an identical weight ratio between PTFE, Al and W were fabricated by Cold Isostatic Pressing. The quasi‐static and Hopkinson Bar compression tests were employed to investigate the mechanical properties of these materials. The results demonstrated that the porous PTFE/Al/W composite samples containing fine W particles have higher quasi‐static and dynamic fracture stresses than higher density PTFE/Al/W samples containing coarse W particles. ESEM micrographs revealed that deformation occurred mainly in the PTFE matrix while metal particles remain undeformed. We observed nano‐fibers of PTFE caused by high strain rate deformation.
Notch2 is required for progression of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2010)

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies lacking effective therapies. Notch signaling is a key regulator of cell fate specification and pancreatic cancer development; however, the role of individual Notch receptors and downstream signaling is largely unknown. Here, we show that Notch2 is predominantly expressed in ductal cells and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions. Using genetically engineered mice, we demonstrate the effect of conditional Notch receptor ablation in KrasG12D-driven pancreatic carcinogenesis. Deficiency of Notch2 but not Notch1 stops PanIN progression, prolongs survival, and leads to a phenotypical switch toward anaplastic pancreatic cancer with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. By expression profiling, we identified increased Myc signaling regulated by Notch2 during tumor development, placing Notch2 as a central regulator of PanIN progression and malignant transformation. Our study supports the concept of distinctive roles of individual Notch receptors in cancer development.
An Energy-efficient Time-domain Analog VLSI Neural Network Processor Based on a Pulse-width Modulation Approach (2019)

A time-domain analog-weighted-sum calculation model based on a pulse-width modulation (PWM) approach is proposed. The proposed calculation model can be applied to any types of network structure including multi-layer feedforward networks. We also propose very large-scale integrated (VLSI) circuits to implement the proposed model. Unlike the conventional analog voltage or current mode circuits used in computing-in-memory circuits, our time-domain analog circuits use transient operation in charging/discharging processes to capacitors. Since the circuits can be designed without operational amplifiers, they can be operated with extremely low power consumption. However, they have to use very high-resistance devices, on the order of giga-ohms. We designed a CMOS VLSI chip to verify weighted-sum operation based on the proposed model with binary weights, which realizes the BinaryConnect model. In the chip, memory cells of static-random-access memory (SRAM) are used for synaptic connection weights. High-resistance operation was realized by using the subthreshold operation region of MOS transistors unlike the ordinary computing-in-memory circuits. The chip was designed and fabricated using a 250-nm fabrication technology. Measurement results showed that energy efficiency for the weighted-sum calculation was 300~TOPS/W (Tera-Operations Per Second per Watt), which is more than one order of magnitude higher than that in state-of-the-art digital AI processors, even though the minimum width of interconnection used in this chip was several times larger than that in such digital processors. If state-of-the-art VLSI technology is used to implement the proposed model, an energy efficiency of more than 1,000~TOPS/W will be possible. For practical applications, development of emerging analog memory devices such as ferroelectric-gate field effect transistors (FeFETs) is necessary.
A multistage hierarchical distributed arbitration technique for priority-based real-time communication systems (2002)

ISO 11898 is a communication protocol based on the carrier sense multiple access with collision detection and arbitration on message priority (CSMA/CD+AMP) technique, which at present is largely used as a real-time network for industrial environments. Unfortunately, because of the peculiarities of the arbitration technique it adopts, it suffers from severe limitations on the maximum extension of the network, which cannot be overcome simply by means of improvements in the transceiver's technology as they depend on the limited propagation speed of the signals on the communication support. In this paper, a new kind of network is presented that features a behavior very similar to ISO 11898, but which achieves noticeably larger areas to be covered without having to reduce the bit rate. It relies on a tree topology and adopts a brand new multistage hierarchical distributed arbitration technique, which takes the increased propagation delays into account properly.
Aberrant T cell differentiation in the absence of Dicer (2005)

Dicer is an RNaseIII-like enzyme that is required for generating short interfering RNAs and microRNAs. The latter have been implicated in regulating cell fate determination in invertebrates and vertebrates. To test the requirement for Dicer in cell-lineage decisions in a mammalian organism, we have generated a conditional allele of dicer-1 (dcr-1) in the mouse. Specific deletion of dcr-1 in the T cell lineage resulted in impaired T cell development and aberrant T helper cell differentiation and cytokine production. A severe block in peripheral CD8(+) T cell development was observed upon dcr-1 deletion in the thymus. However, Dicer-deficient CD4(+) T cells, although reduced in numbers, were viable and could be analyzed further. These cells were defective in microRNA processing, and upon stimulation they proliferated poorly and underwent increased apoptosis. Independent of their proliferation defect, Dicer-deficient helper T cells preferentially expressed interferon-gamma, the hallmark effector cytokine of the Th1 lineage.
Budget pacing for targeted online advertisements at LinkedIn (2014)

Targeted online advertising is a prime source of revenue for many Internet companies. It is a common industry practice to use a generalized second price auction mechanism to rank advertisements at every opportunity of an impression. This greedy algorithm is suboptimal for both advertisers and publishers when advertisers have a finite budget. In a greedy mechanism high performing advertisers tend to drop out of the auction marketplace fast and that adversely affects both the advertiser experience and the publisher revenue. We describe a method for improving such ad serving systems by including a budget pacing component that serves ads by being aware of global supply patterns. Such a system is beneficial for both advertisers and publishers. We demonstrate the benefits of this component using experiments we conducted on advertising at LinkedIn.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent choriomammotropin assay. (1979)

We have devloped an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determining choriomammotropin (human placental lactogen) in serum. Unlabeled hormone competes with choriomammotropin-beta-galactosidase conjugate for antibody bound to polystyrene tubes. The entire assay can be performed in 2.5 h with good precision. The coefficient of variation for one sample with a mean concentration of 5.6 mg/L, assayed 10 times on the same day, was 5.7%. The coefficient of variation for nine samples (3.5 to 9.0 mg/L) assayed on five different days was 7.9%. Forty-eight clinical samples were assayed (y) and compared with results obtained by radial immunodiffusion (x). The resulting regression equation was: y = 1.05x + 0.78; r = 0.91.
Prolactin and Thyrotropin Response to Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone in Premenopausal Women with Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast (1985)

Plasma PRL, TSH, total and free T4, total and free T3, and 17 beta-estradiol were evaluated in 29 premenopausal women with well-documented fibrocystic disease of the breast and in 29 healthy matched controls. Plasma PRL and TSH dynamics after acute TRH injection (200 micrograms i.v.) were also determined. All hormonal measurements were performed in the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Neither patients nor controls showed any thyroid function impairment. Basal plasma levels of the examined hormones were in the normal range in both groups. When considering data pertinent to PRL and TSH secretory patterns after TRH stimulation, no difference was recorded between patients and controls for TSH secretion, evaluated in terms of maximum peak, net (delta) and percent (delta %) increase above the baseline level and integrated area of response. On the contrary, the response of PRL was significantly higher in patients than controls (maximum peak at 20 min, mean +/- SE, 119.9 +/- 14.1 vs. 60.8 +/- 5.5 ng/ml, p less than 0.001; integrated area of response, 5,725 +/- 908 vs. 3,243 +/- 266 ng/ml/120 min, p less than 0.01). The results are compatible with the view that, in most patients with fibrocystic disease of the breast, there are abnormalities in the control of PRL secretion, which lead to enhanced release of the hormone after stimulation. In such cases the control of TSH appears to be operating normally.
Toward reconfigurable associative architecture for high speed communication operators (2002)

The renewed interest in the new associative organization is driven by advances in technologies and the increase in the need for intelligent and real-time application complexity, based on complex data structures. This paper presents a novel and practical architecture pointing to the feasibility of a structured addressable associative memory related to high speed communication protocols. This organization provides a maximum of flexibility in the mapping of the associative memory according to the need of application context in an efficient manner. In this respect, several techniques have been investigated and developed in order to solve problems inherent in many previous CAM architectures. Results of tests, allowing the architecture validation using SYMOPSYS tool and FPGA experimental board, are presented.