gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hands-Free Control Interfaces for an Extra Vehicular Jetpack (2013)

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) strategic vision includes, as part of its long-term goals, the exploration of deep space and Near Earth Asteroids (NEA). To support these endeavors, funds have been invested in research to develop advanced exploration capabilities. To enable the human mobility necessary to effectively explore NEA and deep space, a new extravehicular activity (EVA) Jetpack is under development at the Johnson Space Center. The new design leverages knowledge and experience gained from the current astronaut rescue device, the Simplified Aid for EVA Rescue (SAFER). Whereas the primary goal for a rescue device is to return the crew to a safe haven, in-space exploration and navigation requires an expanded set of capabilities. To accommodate the range of tasks astronauts may be expected to perform while utilizing the Jetpack, it was desired to offer a hands-free method of control. This paper describes the development and innovations involved in creating two hands-free control interfaces and an experimental test platform for a suited astronaut flying the Jetpack during an EVA.
Attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in vivo by interference with the jak/Stat pathway (2002)

The development of cardiac hypertrophy in humans is most commonly a result of compensatory mechanisms to overcome the increased afterload as a result of increase blood pressure or hypertension. Among the several compensatory mechanisms that may contribute to cardiac hypertrophy, the best characterized example is the activation of the renin-angiotensin-system. In an attempt to understand the signal transduction mechanism(s) responsible for activation of the intracrine renin-angiotensin-system, we identified the Jak/Stat signaling pathway as one that would serve as a focal point for convergence of the hypertrophy specific signaling events. Our hypothesis is that the upstream component (Jak2) of the Jak/Stat pathway plays a pivotal role in modulation of the genetic program intrinsic to cardiac hypertrophy. To test this, we have used pressure-overload hypertrophy induced in vivo by subjecting mice to transverse aortic constriction (9 days) as a model system. Hearts from mice subjected to transverse aortic constriction showed induction of cardiac hypertrophy as characterized by morphologic, histological and molecular markers. When examined by Jak2 specific antibody, Jak2 was activated in the transverse aortic constricted hearts to a significantly high level compared to the level in sham-operated animals. There was no significant induction of cardiac hypertrophy based on the parameters above in mice treated with a specific Jak2 inhibitor (AG490). Therefore, it appears that the Jak2-mediated signaling plays a central role in induction of cardiac hypertrophy and that interference with Jak2 activation would afford cardioprotection via attenuation of the hypertrophic response. This data implicates Jak2 as a possible therapeutic target.
<i>Classical Mechanics, 3rd ed.</i> (2002)

First Page
Characterization and modeling of cables for high-speed data communications applications (2003)

Designers of data communications systems continue to push the limits of copper cable to achieve higher speeds and longer cable lengths. At the same time, shortened product schedules due to competition often prevent the use of prototyping in early system architecture. These developments mandate the use of simulation in early system feasibility and design. Simulation has been used in the design of VLSI ICs for many years, and has been adopted at the card and board level in recent years as the speed of digital systems increases. However, modeling of cables has not been widespread due to the difficulty in obtaining the physical data necessary for the task, as well as the inadequacy of many simulators to properly simulate the skin and other effects encountered when using cables in high-speed systems. This paper will present hardware measurement data for some types of shielded parallel and twisted pair cable typically used for the interconnection of high-speed digital systems, and outline some of the problems encountered in the electrical characterization and modeling of those cables. Selected simulation models will be presented, with comparisons of the measured and simulated results obtained using those models.
A New Energy Storage Material: Organosulfur Compounds Based on Multiple Sulfur‐Sulfur Bonds (1997)

A new class of organic sulfur‐based energy storage material, polysulfides, has been proposed in the present communication. Polysulfides contain multiple sulfur atoms {‐(S)n ‐} in their molecules, the energy density of which are even higher than those of disulfides. Polysulfuric compounds, viz., dimers of disulfide, trisulfide, tetrasulfide of 5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole‐2‐thiol (MTT) and polymers of 2,5‐dimercapto‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole (DMcT) were synthesized and electrochemically studied. Theoretical energy densities of MTT dimers range between 1500 and 3500 Wh/kg.The values increase with an increase in the number of sulfur atoms in the moiety. Cyclic voltammograms for the trisulfide and tetrasulfide of MTT dimers have more reduction peaks compared with that of the corresponding disulfide. The specific (per cathode) for Li/DMcT‐disulfide, Li/DMcT‐trisulfide, and Li/DMcT‐tetrasulfide were 385, 590, and 700 Wh/kg, respectively.
Adaptive lattice analysis of speech (1981)

The adaptive lattice has been shown to have fast convergence properties. In this paper we show experimentally that the convergence of the adaptive lattice is fast enough in that its performance cannot be distinguished from that of the optimal adaptive autocorrelation method for applications in speech analysis/synthesis. A generalized window filter is used in the adaptation process. We show that while the human listener prefers window filters with an effective length of about 20 ms, the shape of the window is especially important for better speech quality. The results have implications for other applications of adaptive filtering.
Pharmacological Treatment of Postprandial Reductions in Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review (2014)

Drug interventions can attenuate postprandial reductions in BP, but they may not necessarily be effective in people with symptomatic PPH.
Feasibility of Multiple Simultaneous Enzyme Assays, for Diagnostic Purposes, with the GeMSAEC Fast Analyzer (1971)

Abstract The GeMSAEC fast analyzer provides the clinical chemistry laboratory with an analytical instrument that can be used to perform large numbers of kinetic enzyme analyses. Precise enzyme-rate analyses can be done routinely, on a large scale, and at a decreased cost per test. Improved precision in analyses of enzymes should provide more reliable data because analytical variation is lessened. We have asked how the fast analyzer might provide more useful diagnostic information to the clinician. We have selected the ratio of SGOT to SGPT activity in serum as an example, and examined instrumental precision. The coefficients of variation of the ratio, determined in the range of 50 and 140 Karmen units (which represents slightly elevated to clearly elevated values), are 4.8% and 2.2%, respectively. We examined the feasibility of measuring two or more enzyme activities simultaneously in one sample, to produce a diagnostic enzyme profile. Determination of SGOT, SGPT, and GLDH in parallel is presented as an example. In addition, we illustrate spectrophotometric linearity at 340 nm and discuss instrumental noise and an experimental approach to determining it by use of a premix experiment.
Ketanserin stabilizes blood pressure in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (2003)

Summary 1. It has been demonstrated that blood pressure variability (BPV) is increased in hypertension and related to organ damage. It will be important to lower BPV in the treatment of hypertension. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ketanserin, a 5‐HT 2A receptor antagonist with a weak α 1 ‐adrenoceptor blocking effect, on BPV in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. It was found that ketanserin decreased blood pressure (BP) and BPV in SHR when administered intravenously (3 mg/kg, i.v.). Ketanserin decreased BPV, but not the BP level, when administered intracerebroventricularly (50 µg/rat, i.c.v.). 3. Prazosin, an α 1 ‐adrenoceptor antagonist, lowered BP but did not affect BPV when given either i.v. (0.5 mg/kg) or i.c.v. (30 ug/rat). Ritanserin (0.625 mg/kg, i.v.; 40 'ug/rat, i.c.v.), a 5‐HT 2A receptor antagonist, decreased BPV only when administered i.c.v. and did not modify the BP level. 4. Ketanserin enhanced arterial baroreflex function in SHR when given either i.v. or i.c.v. 5. The stabilizing effect of ketanserin on BP was persistent when administered intragastrically. This administration route is similar to oral administration clinically. 6. It is concluded that ketanserin is an antihypertensive agent with an effect of reducing BPV. This effect is mainly mediated by central 5‐HT 2A receptors and is probably attributable to the restoration of arterial baroreflex function.
Wear rate reductions in carbon brushes conducting current and sliding against wavy copper surfaces (2005)

Wear tests are presented in which a carbon brush, loaded by a constant force spring, conducts current and slides against smooth and wavy copper rotors. The wavy rotors possessed surface waves of tens to hundreds of microns. With brush current varying from zero to 40 amperes, carbon brushes slid over the smooth and wavy rotors and wear rates (/spl mu/gm/sec) were plotted versus rotor speed. Wear rates on the wavy rotor were generally less than wear rates on the smooth rotor at certain rotor speeds. Evidence suggests that wear rates were most reduced at those rotor speeds where surface waves on the wavy rotor passing beneath the brush caused the brush-stiffness-rotor system to resonate. Studies of contact voltage drop suggest that under these resonant conditions, the brush and rotor stayed connected. Also, no evidence of arcing or micro-arcing was found on the copper track. This study shows appreciable reductions (up to 50%) in wear rate possible on brush rotor systems by prescribing tiny surface waves on the rotor and running the rotor at speeds such that the surface waves induce micro-vibrations and resonance.
Cefotaxime-resistant Nocardia asteroides strains are isolates of the controversial species Nocardia farcinica (1990)

A recent study of Nocardia asteroides revealed that 95% of clinical strains had one of five antibiotic resistance patterns. We found the pattern of resistance to cefotaxime and cefamandole in 19% of 200 clinical N. asteroides isolates. Isolates with this drug resistance pattern were from numerous geographic sources and were associated with significant clinical disease (56% of patients had disseminated infections). Phenotypic studies revealed that these isolates were relatively homogeneous and matched previous descriptions and reference strains of the controversial species N. farcinica. Growth at 45 degrees C, acid production from rhamnose, ability to utilize acetamide as a nitrogen and carbon source, and resistance to tobramycin and cefamandole were features of N. farcinica that could be tested in the clinical laboratory and allowed their distinction from N. asteroides. The serious nature of disease due to N. farcinica and its resistance to the newer cephalosporins suggest a clinical need for laboratory identification of this species. (Current tests used in clinical laboratories do not distinguish N. farcinica from N. asteroides.) This is the first recognition that N. farcinica has a specific drug resistance pattern and confirms the previously described concept that drug resistance patterns of N. asteroides may be associated with specific taxonomic groups.
Graphite/Silicon Hybrid Electrodes using a 3D Current Collector for Flexible Batteries (2014)

A flexible hybrid anode from graphite and thin film silicon is realized by the concept of a 3D sandwich current collector by the combination of micro-contact printing and RF magnetron sputtering. Flexible lithium-ion batteries with a new hybrid anode demonstrate not only enhanced specific capacity but also improved rate capability compared to that of a conventional graphite anode under bending deformation.
Nuclear Fusion in Solid (1989)

Spontaneous neutron emissions were intermittently detected from activated palladium rods well soaked with deuterium gas in a closed glass bulb. By the stimulation of the palladium rods with a high voltage discharge between the rods, a burst of neutron flux 2×10 4 times larger than background was detected. Atoms or molecules of mass number 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 were found in the residual gas. Nuclear fusion in solid is interpreted in terms of the supersaturation of the solid solution of deuterium.
Evaluation of the Lateral Modified Approach for Continuous Interscalene Block after Shoulder Surgery (2003)

The lateral modified approach provides good conditions for placement of the interscalene catheter. Anesthesia and analgesia performed through the catheter are efficient. The rates of infection and neurologic complications are low, and patient satisfaction is high.
The different tissue transcription patterns of genes for HNF-1, C/EBP, HNF-3, and HNF-4, protein factors that govern liver-specific transcription. (1991)

The transcription factors that act in hepatocyte-specific gene expression include proteins that are present mainly in liver cells (HNF-1/LFB1, C/EBP, HNF-3, HNF-4) (HNF, hepatocyte nuclear factor; C/EBP, rat enhancer binding protein) and proteins that are widely distributed (AP-1, NF-1, NF-Y/ACF). We show here that the genes encoding each of these liver-enriched factors exhibit different patterns of transcriptional control in different tissues. In addition, there were several instances in which transcription was detected (e.g., for HNF-1) when no mRNA or specific DNA binding protein was found, suggesting the importance of posttranscriptional control in some instances for these factors. These experiments identify C/EBP, HNF-3, and HNF-4, and perhaps also HNF-1, as targets for the study of cascades of transcriptionally controlled transcription factors in differentiated cells.
Secretion of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpF in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> is blocked at an early intracellular step (1992)

When the genes coding for the outer membrane (OM) proteins OmpA and OmpF of Escherichia coli are fused to a signal sequence of a bacillar exoenzyme and expressed in Bacillus subtilis they remain cell-bound and the signal sequence is not cleaved. To identify the step of arrest in the export of these proteins we studied their accessibility to protease applied to intact protoplasts; they remained resistant indicating fully intracellular localization. Both proteins appeared associated with the cell membranes in sedimentation and flotation centrifugation experiments. However, OmpA and OmpF proteins synthesized in B. subtilis without a signal sequence were similarly associated with membranes in centrifugation experiments whereas electron microscopy showed the presence of intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies not obviously attached to the cytoplasmic membrane. We conclude that OmpA and OmpF proteins even when provided with a functional signal sequence do not enter the export pathway in B. subtilis, probably owing to lack of a specific export component in B. subtilis.
Effect of chitosan molecular weight and deacetylation degree on hemostasis (2007)

Comparative studies have been carried out among solid-state chitosan soliquoid, chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, and carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution to discover the hemostatic effect of molecular weight (M(w)) and deacetylation degree (DA) of chitosan. It was found that solid-state chitosan and chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution performed different hemostatic mechanisms. When blood mixed with chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, the erythrocytes aggregated and were deformed. The DA, especially a low DA, in the chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, had a significant effect on the unusual aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes, compared with the effect of M(w) within a range between 10(5) and 10(6). However, this phenomenon could not be observed in solid-state chitosan soliquoid. Solid-state chitosan with a low DA absorbed more platelets and was more hemostatic. Carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution had nothing to do with the aggregation and deformation of erythrocytes but caused local rouleau. The values of thrombin time (TT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and fibrinogen concentration (FIB) were measured after the blood was mixed with solid-state chitosan soliquoid, chitosan acetic acid physiological saline solution, and carboxymethyl chitosan physiological saline solution, separately. The results demonstrated that coagulation factors might not be activated by them.
Dynamic proxy generation for a Service-Oriented Architecture simulator (2008)

System-level simulation is gaining popularity. However, the design of current framework oriented simulation environments does not easily support model refinement and multiple model of computation simulation. We are developing a service-oriented architecture (SOA) system simulator, ESys.Net 3, that addresses these lacks but one major milestone in its development is to be able to solve the instantiation problem introduced by the separation of modeling and simulation concerns concept. In this article, we introduce this issue, and we propose an elegant dynamic proxy generator solution, ProGen, to address it allowing us to provide a significant asset for our SOA system-level simulator architecture.
Computer simulation of micro-triode performance (1990)

A computer code for the simulation of electron beams from field emitter cathodes has been applied to typical micro-cathode configurations. The program (SPEED) solves Poisson's equation using relaxation techniques on a rectangular mesh for triodes with arbitrary, axisymmetric electrode shapes. It employs the Fowler-Nordheim law at emitter surfaces to determine the emission current density distribution. The calculations are part of Spindt cathode arrays for use in fast oscillography. By varying tip radius and work function, one can reproduce the measured I-V curves of prototype arrays. The authors then compare calculated brightness with experimental results using Spindt arrays in a 1.0-kV cathode ray tube. >
Dumpson, James R. (2015)

James R. Dumpson (1909–2012) was the first African American dean of a non-black school of social work following a career in public service in New York where he worked tirelessly to promote social change and implement social justice.
Parallel interconnection of two 64×32 symmetric selfelectro-optic effect device arrays (1991)

The cascaded, parallel operation of two 2-dimensional arrays of 2048 symmetric selfelectro-optic effect devices (S-SEEDs) is demonstrated. Bistable operation of both arrays and cascading of information from each array to the other are shown. The system is compact, tolerant to misalignment, stable, and extensible.
3D motion analysis applying intertial sensing (2005)

Small inertial sensors like accelerometers and gyroscopes are more and more used in ambulatory motion analysis (Busseral. 1998; Baten et al. 2000; Veltink et al. 2003). Typically, angular orientation of a body segment is determined by integrating the output from the angular rate sensors strapped on the segment.
Thymic peptide modulates glutathione redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes in macrophages (1994)

Abstract The effect of a 6-kDa thymic peptide (TP) on the oxidative burst of the murine macrophage cell line J774 was determined. TP was incubated with J774 cells at 37° and 5% CO2 for 18 h, oxidative burst was triggered by zymosan, and chemiluminescence was amplified by luminol and measured in an automated luminometer. TP exhibited a concentration-dependent suppression of oxidative burst. To study the mechanisms involved in TP’s suppression of oxidative burst, its effect on the glutathione redox cycle and antioxidant enzymes was investigated. J774 cells were incubated with varying concentrations of TP for 18 h, washed, resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline, and sonicated to obtain cell lysate. Biochemical assays were performed with the lysate. TP was shown to increase the level of glutathione, and activities of glutathione-peroxidase and glutathione-reductase, indicating its ability to modulate the glutathione redox cycle. The activity of antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was enhanced significantly by TP treatment while catalase activity remained unaffected. These results suggest that TP possesses an antioxidant property and therefore may be involved in the regulation of free radical mediated reactions. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 496–500; 1994.
Emotions and heart rate while sitting on a chair (2005)

New methods for unobtrusive monitoring of computer users' emotion psychophysiology are very much needed in human-computer interaction research. The present aim was to study heart rate changes during emotionally provocative stimulation. Six-second long auditory, visual, and audiovisual emotionally negative, neutral, and positive stimuli were presented to 24 participants. Heart rate responses were measured with a regular office chair embedded with electromechanical film (the EMFi chair) and with traditional earlobe photoplethysmography (PPG). Ratings of the stimuli were also collected. The results showed that the two heart rate measurements were significantly correlated, r = 0.99. In line with other studies the results showed that, in general, heart rate decelerated in response to emotional stimulation and it decelerated the most in response to negative stimuli as compared with responses to positive and neutral stimuli. Especially, emotional stimulation caused significant changes in heart rate at the 6th second from the stimulus onset. We suggest that the EMFi chair could be used in human-computer interaction for unobtrusive measurement of the user's emotional reactions.
The role of readthrough acetylcholinesterase in the pathophysiology of myasthenia gravis (2003)

Alternative splicing induces, under abnormal cholinergic neurotransmission, overproduction of the rare "readthrough" acetylcholinesterase variant AChE-R. We explored the pathophysiological relevance of this phenomenon in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) and rats with experimental autoimmune MG (EAMG), neuromuscular junction diseases with depleted acetylcholine receptors. In MG and EAMG, we detected serum AChE-R accumulation. In EAMG, we alleviated electromyographic abnormalities by nanomolar doses of EN101, an antisense oligonucleotide that selectively lowers AChE-R in blood and muscle yet leaves unaffected the synaptic variant AChE-S. Whereas animals treated with placebo or conventional anticholinesterases continued to deteriorate, a 4 wk daily oral administration of EN101 improved survival, neuromuscular strength and clinical status in moribund EAMG rats. The efficacy of targeting only one AChE splicing variant highlights potential advantages of mRNA-targeted therapeutics for chronic cholinergic malfunctioning.
Scalable multi-view stereo camera array for real world real-time image capture and three-dimensional displays (2004)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2004.