gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Characterization of Firing Dynamics of Spontaneous Bursts in Cultured Neural Networks (2004)

Extracellular action potentials were recorded from developing dissociated rat neocortical networks continuously for up to 49 days in vitro using planar multielectrode arrays. Spontaneous neuronal activity emerged toward the end of the first week in vitro and from then on exhibited periods of elevated firing rates, lasting for a few days up to weeks, which were largely uncorrelated among different recording sites. On a time scale of seconds to minutes, network activity typically displayed an ongoing repetition of distinctive firing patterns, including short episodes of synchronous firing at many sites (network bursts). Network bursts were highly variable in their individual spatio-temporal firing patterns but showed a remarkably stable underlying probabilistic structure (obtained by summing consecutive bursts) on a time scale of hours. On still longer time scales, network bursts evolved gradually, with a significant broadening (to about 2 s) in the third week in vitro, followed by a drastic shortening after about one month in vitro. Bursts at this age were characterized by highly synchronized onsets reaching peak firing levels within less than ca. 60 ms. This pattern persisted for the rest of the culture period. Throughout the recording period, active sites showed highly persistent temporal relationships within network bursts. These longitudinal recordings of network firing have, thus, brought to light a reproducible pattern of complex changes in spontaneous firing dynamics of bursts during the development of isolated cortical neurons into synaptically interconnected networks.
Documenting frameworks using patterns (1992)

The documentation for a framework must meet several requirements.
Effects of Li<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, and Ba<sup>2+</sup> Cations on the ORR at Model and High Surface Area Pt and Au Surfaces in Alkaline Solutions (2011)

This Letter reveals new findings on the influence of noncovalent interactions on the electrochemical interface. Using surface X-ray scattering, we demonstrate that the barium cations are located at 3.4 Å away from the surface, suggesting that they are partially hydrated, though not adsorbed at the surface. The effect of the cation on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) ranges from significant (Pt) to little (Au), depending on the nature of the metal and cation. Finally, we show that these results, as obtained on well-defined single-crystal surfaces, correlate well with observations on high surface area nanoparticle catalysts.
Lethal Factor Active-Site Mutations Affect Catalytic Activity In Vitro (1998)

The lethal factor (LF) protein of Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin contains the thermolysin-like active-site and zinc-binding consensus motif HEXXH (K. R. Klimpel, N. Arora, and S. H. Leppla, Mol. Microbiol. 13:1093-1100, 1994). LF is hypothesized to act as a Zn2+ metalloprotease in the cytoplasm of macrophages, but no proteolytic activities have been previously shown on any target substrate. Here, synthetic peptides are hydrolyzed by LF in vitro. Mass spectroscopy and peptide sequencing of isolated cleavage products separated by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography indicate that LF seems to prefer proline-containing substrates. Substitution mutations within the consensus active-site residues completely abolish all in vitro catalytic functions, as does addition of 1,10-phenanthroline, EDTA, and certain amino acid hydroxamates, including the novel zinc metalloprotease inhibitor ZINCOV. In contrast, the protease inhibitors bestatin and lysine CMK, previously shown to block LF activity on macrophages, did not block LF activity in vitro. These data provide the first direct evidence that LF may act as an endopeptidase.
Role of the laboratory in the evaluation of suspected drug abuse. (1986)

Despite the high incidence of substance abuse, it remains a common cause of misdiagnosis. In patients who have abused or who are currently abusing drugs, symptoms of a psychiatric illness may be mimicked by either the drug's presence or absence. The laboratory can aid in making a differential diagnosis and eliminating drugs from active consideration as a cause of psychosis, depression, mania, and personality changes. Treatment planning and prevention of serious medical consequences often rest on the accuracy of the admission drug screen. Testing is widely used to assess improvement in substance abuse in both inpatient and outpatient settings. In occupational settings, testing has been used as an early indicator that a problem exists and as a successful prevention tool. The appropriate use of analytic technology in drug abuse testing requires an understanding of available test methodologies. These include drug screens by thin-layer chromatography, comprehensive testing using enzyme immunoassay, and computer-assisted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Testing for specific drugs considered likely causes or precipitants of "psychiatric" complaints is available with enzyme assays, radioimmunoassay, or definitive forensic-quality testing using GC-MS.
Neural network for constrained predictive control (1993)

Presents the way in which optimization neural nets can be used to implement generalized predictive control for systems with constrained inputs and outputs. A set of recursive formulas to obtain the net parameters from the process parameters for first-order systems is given. The results obtained by simulation and electronic implementation of the neural net are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser generation of acoustic waves in liquids using a Helmholtz resonance photoacoustic cell (2008)

The thermoelastic mechanism for laser generation of acoustic waves in liquids is presented first of all. The amplitude of the acoustic waves excited by this mechanism is so small that most of time it can not satisfy application requirements. In our research, a Helmholtz resonance photoacoustic cell is employed to resolve the problem. It consists of a sample cell and a Helmholtz resonator. When the modulating frequency of a laser beam is equal to the acoustical resonance frequency of a Helmholtz resonator, the photoacoustic cell corresponds to an acoustic amplifier in the photoacoustic system. And then the amplifying performance of a Helmholtz resonance photoacoustic cell under liquids is investigated. The theoretical analysis indicates that both the resonance frequency and the magnitude of enlargement are dependent on the parameters of the Helmholtz resonator and the medium characteristics in and around the cell. After that, for a given laser source, a photoacoustic cell is designed to amplify the acoustic waves excited by the laser beam. The resonance frequency, the peak magnitude of enlargement, and the transfer function are analyzed theoretically. At last, an experimental system is set up. The photoacoustic signal is simulated by a single-frequency acoustic signal. The acoustic waves both inside and outside the photoacoustic cell are picked up using broadband piezoelectric hydrophones synchronously. The transfer function curve of the resonance photoacoustic cell is obtained experimentally. The results derived from theoretic analysis and those obtained from experiments agree with each other well.
STUDY ON CORRELATIVE METHODS FOR DESCRIBING COKING RATE IN FURNACE TUBES (2000)

ABSTRACT In this paper on the basis of a concept of soft coke layer,the coking rate in furnace tubes is defined as the rate difference between the coke forming rate and its defusing rate. Based on the principles of process transfers and the mechanisms of thermal reactions and coke formation for the residual oil, the coking mechanism in furnace tubes is studied. A correlative method for describing the coking rate equation with good applicability is proposed according to the fact that the coking rate in tubes is relatively small.
Effect of Bentonite Clay on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Pervaporation Performance of the Poly(vinyl alcohol) Nanocomposite Membranes (2014)

Bentonite clay/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inorganic/organic hybrid nanocomposite membranes were prepared via solvent casting method. A series of PVA nanocomposite membranes have been prepared by varying the concentration of the bentonite clay. Nanoscale dispersion of bentonite clay affected the properties of PVA. PVA with 5 wt % clay showed better enhancement in the properties. Both X-ray diffration and transmission electron microscopy showed uniform dispersion and exfoliated structure of the bentonite in the PVA membranes. The effective separation of azeotropic composition of isopropanol (IPA) and water mixtures was also carried out by using these membranes. The flux and separation factor of the membranes were increased with 1 wt % clay loading and followed by a decrease. The intrinsic properties of the membranes have been calculated using membrane permeance and selectivity. The 1 wt % clay loaded membrane showed enhanced membrane permeance with a water permeance of 6500 gpu and a selectivity value of 46. The effective membrane area for transport has been analyzed from atomic force microscopy analysis. Finally, it is important to mention that the minimum nanoscale filler loading gave rise to the maximum separation efficiency for the azeotropic composition of IPA and water mixtures.
Liquid Phase Sintering in Ferrous Powder Metallurgy (1985)

A review is presented of liquid phase sintering in ferrous powder metallurgy. The application of the concept to the Fe–Cu and Fe–Cu–C systems is described. The effect of additions such as tin, boron, and copper based masteralloys are discussed, as is the contribution of iron powder type, particularly in relation to the use of very fine powders. Fe–P and Fe–P–C materials are discussed. The contribution of liquid phase sintering to the development of masteralloys is highlighted. Examples of the industrial application of liquid phase sintering techniques are described. Structural engineering component production by masteralloy techniques is considered, together with its contribution to the assembled composite camshaft concept. Finally, the problems inherent in making more industrial use of the liquid phase sintering systems discussed are outlined and some recommendations for further study are made. PM/0334
Accelerating large data analysis by exploiting regularities (2004)

We present techniques for discovering and exploiting regularity in large curvilinear data sets. The data can be based on a single mesh or a mesh composed of multiple submeshes (also known as zones). Multi-zone data are typical in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Regularities include axis-aligned rectilinear and cylindrical meshes as well as cases where one zone is equivalent to a rigid body transformation of another. Our algorithms can also discover rigid-body motion of meshes in time-series data. Next, we describe a data model where we can utilize the results from the discovery process in order to accelerate large data visualizations. Where possible, we replace general curvilinear zones with rectilinear or cylindrical zones. In rigid-body motion cases, we replace a time-series of meshes with a transformed mesh object where a reference mesh is dynamically transformed based on a given time value in order to satisfy geometry requests, on demand. The data model enables us to make these substitutions and dynamic transformations transparently with respect to the visualization algorithms. We present results with large data sets where we combine our mesh replacement and transformation techniques with out-of-core paging in order to achieve analysis speedups ranging from 1.5 to 2.
Studies on Lactone Formation in Vapor Phase. II. Synthesis of ε-Caprolactone (1962)

Vapor phase catalytic dehydrogenation of 1,4-butanediol to γ-butyrolactone with reduced copper supported on various carriers was studied. It was found that copper supported on zinc oxide or magnesium oxide was a superior catalyst. In the case of a catalyst consisting of 20% copper and 80% zinc oxide, the yield and space time yield of γ-butyrolactone were 95% and 0.28 at 230∼240°C, respectively.
Machine perception and learning of complex social systems (2005)

The study of complex social systems has traditionally been an arduous process, involving extensive surveys, interviews, ethnographic studies, or analysis of online behavior. Today, however, it is possible to use the unprecedented amount of information generated by pervasive mobile phones to provide insights into the dynamics of both individual and group behavior. Information such as continuous proximity, location, communication and activity data, has been gathered from the phones of 100 human subjects at MIT. Systematic measurements from these 100 people over the course of eight months have generated one of the largest datasets of continuous human behavior ever collected, representing over 300,000 hours of daily activity. In this thesis we describe how this data can be used to uncover regular rules and structure in behavior of both individuals and organizations, infer relationships between subjects, verify selfreport
Update on treatment of retinal arterial occlusions (2003)

Retinal arterial occlusion remains a difficult clinical entity to manage. Treatment can best be categorized as conservative (ocular massage, pharmacologic, anterior chamber paracentesis) and invasive (catheterization of the proximal ophthalmic artery through the femoral artery with the infusion of thrombolytic agents). Most reports remain anecdotal due to its low incidence (0.85/100,000/y).
Leave-one-out support vector machines (1999)

We present a new learning algorithm for pattern recognition inspired by a recent upper bound on leave--one--out error [ Jaakkola and Haussler, 1999 ] proved for Support Vector Machines (SVMs) [ Vapnik, 1995; 1998 ] . The new approach directly minimizes the expression given by the bound in an attempt to minimize leave--one--out error. This gives a convex optimization problem which constructs a sparse linear classifier in feature space using the kernel technique. As such the algorithm possesses many of the same properties as SVMs. The main novelty of the algorithm is that apart from the choice of kernel, it is parameterless -- the selection of the number of training errors is inherent in the algorithm and not chosen by an extra free parameter as in SVMs. First experiments using the method on benchmark datasets from the UCI repository show results similar to SVMs which have been tuned to have the best choice of parameter. 1 Introduction Support Vector Machines (SVMs), motivated by minim...
Nicotine and related alkaloids : absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (1993)

Biosynthesis and metabolism of nicotine and related alkaloids, Lowell Bush et al the metabolism of nicotine in mammals - an overview, J.W. Gorrod the role of cytochrome P450 in nicotine metabolism, H. Nakayama et al nicotine metabolism beyond cotinine, G.B. Neurath n-oxidation, n-demethylation and n-conjugation reactions of nicotine, P.A. Crooks extrapatic metabolism of nicotine and related compounds, K. Vahakangas and O. Pelkonen the metabolic fate of the minor tobacco alkaloids, Castagnoli Jr, N. nicotine and metabolites - analysis and levels in body fluids, M. Curvall and E. Kazemi Vala kinetics of nicotine and its metabolites in animals, J. Gabrielson and M. Gumbleton pharmacokinetics of (s)-nicotine and metabolites in humans, P. Jacobs and N.L. Benowitz sources of individual variation in nicotine pharmacokinetics, S. Cholerton et al physiologically-based pharmacokinetics of nicotine, S.L. Schwartz et al new methods for probing the in vivo disposition of nicotine in humans, J. Wahren.
Introduction générale (2017)

Pourtant les sociétés rurales aux Suds ont depuis longtemps croisé des logiques d’ancrage et de mobilité des hommes et des biens. Depuis longtemps, les paysans se montrent dynamiques, créatifs dans l’utilisation de leurs ressources pour mettre en place des stratégies de subsistance et de développement de la famille, parmi lesquelles figure la migration des zones rurales vers les zones urbaines. La présence visible d’un nombre croissant d’enfants d’origine rurale dans les flux migratoires vers...
.beta.-Adrenergic blocking agents. 12. Heterocyclic compounds related to propranolol (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.beta.-Adrenergic blocking agents. 12. Heterocyclic compounds related to propranololA. F. Crowther, R. Howe, B. J. McLoughlin, K. B. Mallion, B. S. Rao, L. H. Smith, and R. W. TurnerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 3, 260–266Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00273a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00273a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Facile Solution Route for Polymeric Hollow Spheres with Controllable Size (2006)

Poly(o-toluidine) hollow spheres with controllable size (see figure) are synthesized in aqueous solution by the droplet template formed by the monomer itself. The size of the hollow spheres and the size of the hole in the surface of each sphere are affected by the concentration of o-toluidine and the molar ratio of initiator to monomer, respectively.
Isolation and characterization of novel mutants of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> defective in flower development (1988)

ABSTRACT We have isolated a number of mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, a member of the mustard family, that have defects in flower development and morphogenesis. Of these, five mutants have been extensively characterized. Two mutants (Fl-40, Fl-48) lacking petals show homeotic conversion of sepals to carpels. One mutant (Fl-54) displays highly variable phenotypes, including several types of homeotic variations, loss or distorted positions of the floral organs as well as abnormal structures on the inflorescence. Two other mutants (Fl-82, Fl-89) show aberrant structures in the pistils. Genetic analyses have revealed that these mutations are single and recessive, except for one mutant whose mutational loci still remain to be determined. These mutants may prove useful for the analysis of the genetic control of flower development and morphogenesis in the higher plant.
A Simple High Accuracy Logarithmic Count Rate Circuit Suitable for Spacecraft Use (1969)

Described is a diode-pump type circuit without diodes in the signal path, resulting in a circuit that can be accurately analyzed. The analysis is given, as are plots of various ranges and accuracies. The experimental circuit is logarithmic ±1 per cent over a three decade count rate range throughout the temperature range of -40°C to + 75°C. Power consumption is approximately 25 milliwatts. Variations of the circuit are discussed for adaptation to various system constraints.
Attack Resilience and Recovery using Physical Challenge Response Authentication for Active Sensors Under Integrity Attacks (2016)

Embedded sensing systems are pervasively used in life- and security-critical systems such as those found in airplanes, automobiles, and healthcare. Traditional security mechanisms for these sensors focus on data encryption and other post-processing techniques, but the sensors themselves often remain vulnerable to attacks in the physical/analog domain. If an adversary manipulates a physical/analog signal prior to digitization, no amount of digital security mechanisms after the fact can help. Fortunately, nature imposes fundamental constraints on how these analog signals can behave. This work presents PyCRA, a physical challenge-response authentication scheme designed to protect active sensing systems against physical attacks occurring in the analog domain. PyCRA provides security for active sensors by continually challenging the surrounding environment via random but deliberate physical probes. By analyzing the responses to these probes, and by using the fact that the adversary cannot change the underlying laws of physics, we provide an authentication mechanism that not only detects malicious attacks but provides resilience against them. We demonstrate the effectiveness of PyCRA through several case studies using two sensing systems: (1) magnetic sensors like those found wheel speed sensors in robotics and automotive, and (2) commercial RFID tags used in many security-critical applications. Finally, we outline methods and theoretical proofs for further enhancing the resilience of PyCRA to active attacks by means of a confusion phase---a period of low signal to noise ratio that makes it more difficult for an attacker to correctly identify and respond to PyCRA's physical challenges. In doing so, we evaluate both the robustness and the limitations of PyCRA, concluding by outlining practical considerations as well as further applications for the proposed authentication mechanism.
Analysis of a planetary-rotation system for evaporated optical coatings (2016)

The impact of planetary design considerations for optical coating deposition is analyzed, including the ideal number of planets, variations in system performance, and the deviation of planet motion from the ideal. System capacity is maximized for four planets, although substrate size can significantly influence this result. Guidance is provided in the design of high-performance deposition systems based on the relative impact of different error modes. Errors in planet mounting such that the planet surface is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation are particularly problematic, suggesting planetary design modifications would be appropriate.
Insulin Receptors and Insulin Receptor Antibodies: Structure‐Function Relationships (1982)

The insulin receptor has been purified by affinity chromatography and studied by affinity-labelling techniques. It appears to be a disulphide-linked heterotetramer, (alpha beta)2, composed of two copies of a 135,000 Mr subunit (alpha), and two copies of a 90,000 Mr subunit (beta). Beta is readily proteolysed to generate a 45,000 Mr fragment (beta 1). Alpha, beta and beta 1 all contain sialic acid and are, therefore, probably all exposed on the external surface of the membrane. Although alpha is predominantly labelled in affinity-labelling studies, beta and beta 1 can also be labelled. Therefore, alpha, beta and beta 1 are all in proximity to the insulin-binding site and may contain part of the binding site. Antibodies have been prepared against the intact, purified receptor and against the isolated alpha subunit. Both antibodies directly interact with the insulin receptor as indicated by their ability to immunoprecipitate the receptor. Neither antibody, however, directly competes with insulin binding. Therefore, they are probably directed against regions of the receptor distinct from the insulin-binding site. In spite of this, these antibodies have a wide range of insulin-like activities.