gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross‐linked coatings by co‐reaction of isocyanate–methoxymethyl melamine systems (1995)

Abstract Two‐components methoxymethyl melamine/isocyanate and three‐components methoxymethyl melamine/isocyanate/polyol coating systems were studied. Methoxymethyl melamine was shown to react with isocyanate groups through the carbocation formed by splitting within the methoxymethyl group. In three‐components systems, methoxymethyl melamine/polyol and methoxymethyl melamine/isocyanate rections appear to occur, but not isocyanate/polyol reactions. This was ascribed to the release from the methoxymethyl melamine/polyol reaction of methanol which reacts more rapidly than the polyol with the isocyanate group. A blocked isocyanate was then used whereby the methoxymethyl melamine reacts at an earlier stage and urethane formation is delayed. Introducing the blocked isocyanate, however, required significant increase in cure temperature for the isocyanate/polyol reaction, narrowing the cure temperature window of the system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
DNA-methylation profiling distinguishes malignant melanomas from benign nevi: Methylation profiling of melanomas and benign nevi (2020)

DNA methylation, an epigenetic alteration typically occurring early in cancer development, could aid in the molecular diagnosis of melanoma. We determined technical feasibility for high-throughput DNA-methylation array-based profiling using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues for selection of candidate DNA-methylation differences between melanomas and nevi. Promoter methylation was evaluated in 27 common benign nevi and 22 primary invasive melanomas using a 1505 CpG site microarray. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering distinguished melanomas from nevi; 26 CpG sites in 22 genes were identified with significantly different methylation levels between melanomas and nevi after adjustment for age, sex, and multiple comparisons and with β-value differences of ≥0.2. Prediction analysis for microarrays identified 12 CpG loci that were highly predictive of melanoma, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curves of >0.95. Of our panel of 22 genes, 14 were statistically significant in an independent sample set of 29 nevi (including dysplastic nevi) and 25 primary invasive melanomas after adjustment for age, sex, and multiple comparisons. This first report of a DNA-methylation signature discriminating melanomas from nevi indicates that DNA methylation appears promising as an additional tool for enhancing melanoma diagnosis.
Refining PTZ camera calibration (2008)

Due to the increased need for security and surveillance, PTZ cameras are now being widely used in many domains. Therefore, it is very important for the applications like video mosaic generation or automatic surveillance that these camera be accurately calibrated. In this paper, we address the problem of parameter refinement for such pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras. Use of bundle-adjustment for parameter refinement has widely been adopted in the computer vision field. However, as has been shown by researchers, in presence of noise, this Maximum Likelihood estimate looses its optimality. We propose a novel statistically optimal error function that is shown to experimentally outperform this ML estimate in presence of significant noise. We perform tests on synthetic as well as on real data to verify our method.
Context sensitivity in role-based access control (2002)

This paper describes an extended role-based access control (RBAC) model, which makes RBAC sensitive to the context of an attempted operation. Traditional RBAC does not specify whether the permissions associated with a role enable access to a particular object, or to some subset of objects belonging to a class. We extend the model by introducing the notions of role context and context filters. Context filters are Boolean expressions based on the context of the user attempting the operation, as well as the context of the object upon which the operation is attempted. By supplying context filters during the definition of a role, a security administrator can easily limit the applicability of users' role memberships to particular subsets of the target objects. We also describe our implementation of the model in a web-services platform, to illustrate how this technique is particularly valuable when the data is hierarchically structured.
Effect of Growth Hormone on Milk Production and Feed Utilization in Dairy Cows (1973)

Abstract Highly purified bovine growth hormone was prepared relatively free of thyrotrophin and prolactin contamination. In three short experiments, milk production 4 to 6 days pretreatment was compared to production for 4 to 10 days following the start of injection with bovine growth hormone or saline with four or five cows per treatment. In a fourth experiment, cows were injected three times weekly with bovine growth hormone for 10 wk. In one experiment, injection of the hormone daily for 10 days resulted in a continued rise in milk production with a net increase in milk production of 18% and a reduction in feed per kg of milk of 29%. Injection of bovine growth hormone every third day improved milk production as much as the same total dose given daily. When the hormone was injected over 10 wk, milk production was stimulated for the entire period and there was no measurable development of antibodies to it.
The Mechanism of Action of Local Anesthesia by Tetraethylammonium Derivatives (1981)

Tetraethylammonium (TEA+) derivatives in which one of the ethyl groups is replaced by a longer chain alkane (C4-C16) were tested for their ability to block the compound action potential (CAP) of frog sciatic nerve. A parabolic relation between chain length and 100 per cent blocking dose was found, suggesting an optimal size of C12 for the inhibitory receptor. Two types of inhibition were observed. Type 1 was an inhibition of the CAP at all frequencies when the nerve was perfused with the TEA+ derivative. Interaction with tetrodotoxin suggests this is a Na+ channel effect. Type 2 was an irreversible (still present after nerve wash) frequency-dependent inhibition that is distinct from and synergistic with Na+ channel blocking local anesthetics. From the kinetics of inhibition onset and transport studies, it is suggested that the ultralong action of the TEA+ derivatives is mediated by binding to a receptor at the internal part of K+ channels.
Declaración de la Iniciativa STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology): directrices para la comunicación de estudios observacionales (2008)

Much biomedical research is observational. The reporting of such research is often inadequate, which hampers the assessment of its strengths and weaknesses and of a study's generalisability. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) initiative developed recommendations on what should be included in an accurate and complete report of an observational study. We defined the scope of the recommendations to cover three main study designs: cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies. We convened a 2-day workshop in September, 2004, with methodologists, researchers, and journal editors to draft a che-cklist of items. This list was subsequently revised during several meetings of the coordinating group and in e-mail discussions with the larger group of STROBE contributors, taking into account empirical evidence and methodological considerations. The workshop and the subsequent iterative process of consultation and revision resulted in a checklist of 22 items (the STROBE statement) that relate to the title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections of articles. 18 items are common to all three study designs and four are specific for cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies. A detailed explanation and elaboration document is published separately and is freely available on the websites of PLoS Medicine, Annals of Internal Medicine, and Epidemiology. We hope that the STROBE statement will contribute to improving the quality of reporting of observational studies.
A Co-training Approach for Multi-view Spectral Clustering (2011)

We propose a spectral clustering algorithm for the multi-view setting where we have access to multiple views of the data, each of which can be independently used for clustering. Our spectral clustering algorithm has a flavor of co-training, which is already a widely used idea in semi-supervised learning. We work on the assumption that the true underlying clustering would assign a point to the same cluster irrespective of the view. Hence, we constrain our approach to only search for the clusterings that agree across the views. Our algorithm does not have any hyperparameters to set, which is a major advantage in unsupervised learning. We empirically compare with a number of baseline methods on synthetic and real-world datasets to show the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.
Content-based image retrieval using both positive and negative feedback (2005)

Satisfactory content-based search has long been considered a difficult task. One critical step in the content-based search is to estimate the user intention (perception) based on the query images. Our proposal is developed based on the combined weighted low-level image features. One distinct concept of our algorithm is that a sparse (scattered) feature is considered to be less important (which is not necessarily perceptually dissimilar). The other concept is that we define the image feature stability and include it in calculating the similarity measure. Yet, the third concept is using negative feedback as a pruning criterion to improve searching accuracy. Finally, quantitative simulation results are used to show the effectiveness of these concepts.
The Influence of the Socio-economic Characteristics of Disabled People on Their Employment Status and Income (1991)

ABSTRACT Most of the studies of the employment and income levels of disabled people focus on a specific disability or on severely disabled persons. A few studies are cross disability ones, but they fail to go beyond simple associations or else have extremely small sample sizes. There is a need for studies which are cross disability and which have an adequate sample size in order to determine if there are structural variables in society—like a class system–which operate upon the employment opportunities of disabled persons. Using a sample (n = 733) of the Disability Community in Massachusetts, socio-economic variables related to employment and income are studied. Statistically significant relationships are found. Several models are developed and the implications for social theory are discussed.
Application of borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) in microelectronic processing (1996)

Abstract In semiconductor industry borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) films formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are widely utilized as dielectric layers between conductor lines. This glass has to provide void‐free fill of 0.2–0.5 μm wide spaces between conducting lines with aspect ratios up to 4:1. Therefore good glass reflow properties, which are a function of boron and phosphorus dopant concentration and of deposition and anneal temperature, are required. Dopant concentrations need to be low enough to avoid undesired surface crystallization phenomena and to provide a stable surface. Anneal temperatures have to be low to fulfill the thermal budget criteria of advanced silicon devices.
Improving in-memory database index performance with Intel<sup>&#x00AE;</sup> Transactional Synchronization Extensions (2014)

The increasing number of cores every generation poses challenges for high-performance in-memory database systems. While these systems use sophisticated high-level algorithms to partition a query or run multiple queries in parallel, they also utilize low-level synchronization mechanisms to synchronize access to internal database data structures. Developers often spend significant development and verification effort to improve concurrency in the presence of such synchronization. The Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> Transactional Synchronization Extensions (Intel <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> TSX) in the 4th Generation Core™ Processors enable hardware to dynamically determine whether threads actually need to synchronize even in the presence of conservatively used synchronization. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of such hardware support in a commercial database. We focus on two index implementations: a B+Tree Index and the Delta Storage Index used in the SAP HANA <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> database system. We demonstrate that such support can improve performance of database data structures such as index trees and presents a compelling opportunity for the development of simpler, scalable, and easy-to-verify algorithms.
The interaction between Cu(I) superoxide dismutase and hydrogen peroxide (1989)

The interaction between superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxide, under anaerobic conditions in the presence of an OH radical scavenger, formate, and an indicator, nitro blue tetrazolium, involves five reactions and an equilibrium: (table; see text) Reaction 3 occurs at a rate that is proportional to both peroxide and enzyme with no kinetic evidence for any intermediate peroxide-enzyme complex. Rate studies as a function of pH corroborate previously published work (Fuchs, H. J. R., and Borders, C. L., Jr. (1983) Biochem Biophys. Res. Commun. 116, 1107-1113; Blech, D. M., and Borders, C. L., Jr. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 224, 579-586) suggesting that HO2-, and not H2O2, is the active species in this system: k(HO2- + superoxide dismutase-Cu+) = 2.6 x 10(3) M-1 s-1. Evidence is presented which suggests that HO2-, like O2-, reacts at rates that are affected by the electrostatic forces of the enzyme.
EXTRACTION OF FEATURE INFORMATION FROM THREE-DIMENSIONAL CAD DATA (1984)

The future success of CAD and CAM depends on the ability of these two processes to communicate with each other and with the intermediate manufacturing database. CAD-generated objects can be defined and stored as complete geometric and topologic solids. The elements of CAM, however, do not make full use of the part description because it exists in terms of low-level faces, edges and vertices or primitive volumes unrelated to the manufacturing planning task. Consequently, manufacturing planning still depends upon human expertise and input to interpret the part definition according to manufacturing needs. The automatic linking of CAD and CAM involves a re-interpretation of the part database to extract manufacturing-specific semantic knowledge about the part. This knowledge can enable process planning and other CAM operations to proceed automatically without human guidance or intervention. A method has been developed to extract semantic knowledge useful to manufacturing in the form of part features. The procedure consists of searching the part description, recognizing cavity features, extracting those features as solid volumes of material to be removed and arranging them in a feature graph, a high level data structure more appropriate to manufacturing process planning. The feature recognition step uses logic programming implemented in PROLOG and expert system techniques. Using rules of logic, definitions have been formulated to describe some common features of a part, such as holes and slots. This work has relevance in the areas of CAD/CAM linking, automated process planning, expert systems and, in fact, the interpretation of any 3-D data.
ArcTrees: Visualizing Relations in Hierarchical Data (2005)

In this paper we present, ARCTREES, a novel way of visualizing hierarchical and non-hierarchical relations within one interactive visualization. Such a visualization is challenging because it must display hierarchical information in a way that the user can keep his or her mental map of the data set and include relational information without causing misinterpretation. We propose a hierarchical view derived from traditional Treemaps and augment this view with an arc diagram to depict relations. In addition, we present interaction methods that allow the exploration of the data set using Focus+Context techniques for navigation. The development was motivated by a need for understanding relations in structured documents but it is also useful in many other application domains such as project management and calendars.
Impact of light illumination and passivation layer on silicon finite-ground coplanar-waveguide transmission-line properties (2000)

The modeling of silicon finite-ground coplanar-waveguide (FGCPW) transmission lines is presented in this paper. It is shown that the effective substrate conductivity increases in the presence of illumination and in the presence of a passivation layer in the slot regions independently. As a result, the losses of trenched FGCPW are lower than conventional FGCPW transmission lines. The strong dependence of the substrate conductivity on illumination suggests that optically controlled attenuators can be implemented with FGCPW transmission lines exhibiting practically no phase change between the different attenuation states. A new contrast ratio for optically controlled transmission lines is derived.
Thin, Low Frequency, High Displacement Actuator Panels (1998)

Abstract An advanced type of thin, high displacement, low frequency actuator panel is being developed for in-air active vibration control applications. The actuator panel consists of sixteen 25.4 mm diameter cymbal-type flextensional elements placed mechanically and electrically in parallel with each other between two stiff 10 cm by 10 cm stainless steel cover plates. The total thickness of the actuator panel is 6.35 mm. Electrical admittance measurements show a free-free fundamental resonance frequency of 645 Hz. Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements show a clamped-free resonance frequency of 444 Hz with displacements on the order of 1 μm when driving the panel at one Volt at its resonance frequency.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha is a potent synergistic factor for the proliferation of primitive human hematopoietic progenitor cells and induces resistance to transforming growth factor beta but not to interferon gamma. (1996)

Since tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interferon (IFN)-gamma, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta have all been shown to be specific inhibitors of early human hematopoiesis, we wanted to investigate the interactions of these three cytokines on very primitive human adult bone marrow CD34++CD38- hematopoietic progenitor cells, using a pre-colony-forming cell (pre-CFC) assay, which detects the effects of these cytokines on the initial phases of the differentiation of these primitive progenitors, which are unresponsive to interleukin (IL) 3 alone. Surprisingly, TNF-alpha was a very potent stimulator of the proliferation of CD34++CD38- cells and was the most potent synergistic factor for the IL-3-induced proliferation of these cells of all cytokines tested (IL-1, IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, kit ligand). TNF-alpha was the only cytokine that, as a single added factor, induced substantial proliferation in CD34++CD38- cells in the presence of IL-3, except for kit ligand, which induced very limited proliferation. TNF-alpha, moreover, induced a high degree of resistance to the inhibitory effects of TGF-beta in a dose-dependent way. The inhibitory effects of IFN-gamma, however, were not affected by the presence of TNF-alpha. We hypothesize that in situations of the hematopoietic stress, TNF-alpha may abrogate the inhibitory effect of ambient TGF-beta in the bone marrow microenvironment to allow primitive stem cells to proliferate and differentiate in response to an increased demand for mature blood cells.
Neural Networks with Adaptive Learning Rate and Momentum Terms (1995)

The backpropagation algorithm is the most popular method for neural networks training and it has been used to solve numerous real life problems. Nevertheless, it still presents some di culties in dealing with su ciently large problems. The fact that it consists of a relatively simple procedure has played an important role in the success of
Electron-Transfer Dynamics at GaAs Surface Quantum Wells (1998)

Interfacial electron-transfer dynamics have been characterized for a heterogeneous semiconductor−liquid junction. Molecular beam epitaxy was used to grow As-capped GaAs (100) surface quantum wells. Removal of the As layer created a pristine, low defect, surface which was studied in situ in direct contact with an outer-sphere, ferrocene, redox couple using time-correlated single photon counting. The surface quantum well structure was used specifically to remove field-dependent transport effects from the photocarrier dynamics. Concentration-dependent decay profiles indicate that a significant fraction of electrons undergo electron transfer. A fit to the data gives an electron-transfer cross section of (2.4 ± 0.8) × 10-15 cm2, which corresponds to charge transfer in the adiabatic coupling regime. This work illustrates that the electronic coupling between the solid state and molecular states at the surface can be sufficiently strong to produce adiabatic reaction conditions even for weakly physisorbed outer-sphere acceptors.
Development of Mine Detection Robot System (2007)

The Mine Detection Robot supports the mine removal work in countries where mines are buried, such as Afghanistan. The development started from September, 2003. Considering running on rough terrains, the robot has four crawlers, and hydraulic motors in front and rear were serially connected by piping so that they could rotate synchronously. Two work arms were mounted on the robot, one was a horizontal multi-joint SCARA type with motorized 2-link arm, while the other was a vertical multi-joint manipulator with 6 degrees of freedom. Also, domestic evaluation tests were carried out from February to March, 2005, followed by overseas validation tests in Croatia from February to March, 2006. These tests were conducted with a mine detecting senor mounted on the Robot, and the detection performance was evaluated by its mine detection rate.