gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Parallel Knowledge Gradient Method for Batch Bayesian Optimization (2016)

In many applications of black-box optimization, one can evaluate multiple points simultaneously, e.g. when evaluating the performances of several different neural network architectures in a parallel computing environment. In this paper, we develop a novel batch Bayesian optimization algorithm --- the parallel knowledge gradient method. By construction, this method provides the one-step Bayes-optimal batch of points to sample. We provide an efficient strategy for computing this Bayes-optimal batch of points, and we demonstrate that the parallel knowledge gradient method finds global optima significantly faster than previous batch Bayesian optimization algorithms on both synthetic test functions and when tuning hyperparameters of practical machine learning algorithms, especially when function evaluations are noisy.
A Smartphone-Based Automatic Measurement Method for Colorimetric pH Detection Using a Color Adaptation Algorithm (2017)

This paper proposes a smartphone-based colorimetric pH detection method using a color adaptation algorithm for point-of-care applications. Although a smartphone camera can be utilized to measure the color information of colorimetric sensors, ambient light changes and unknown built-in automatic image correction operations make it difficult to obtain stable color information. This paper utilizes a 3D printed mini light box and performs a calibration procedure with a paper-printed comparison chart and a reference image which overcomes the drawbacks of smartphone cameras and the difficulty in preparing for the calibration procedure. The color adaptation is performed in the CIE 1976 u'v' color space by using the reference paper in order to stabilize the color variations. Non-rigid u'v' curve interpolation is used to produce the high-resolution pH estimate. The final pH value is estimated by using the best-matching method to handle the nonlinear curve properties of multiple color patches. The experimental results obtained using a pH indicator paper show that the proposed algorithm provides reasonably good estimation of pH detection. With paper-printed accurate color comparison charts and smart color adaptation techniques, superior estimation is achieved in the smartphone-based colorimetric pH detection system for point-of-care application.
A MEMS light modulator based on diffractive nanohole gratings (2008)

We present the design, fabrication, and testing of a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) light modulator based on pixels patterned with periodic nanohole arrays. Flexure-suspended silicon pixels are patterned with a two dimensional array of 150 nm diameter nanoholes using nanoimprint lithography. A top glass plate assembled above the pixel array is used to provide a counter electrode for electrostatic actuation. The nanohole pattern is designed so that normally-incident light is coupled into an in-plane grating resonance, resulting in an optical stop-band at a desired wavelength. When the pixel is switched into contact with the top plate, the pixel becomes highly reflective. A 3:1 contrast ratio at the resonant wavelength is demonstrated for gratings patterned on bulk Si substrates. The switching time is 0.08 ms and the switching voltage is less than 15V.
Studies on Murine IgE with Monoclonal Antibodies (1988)

Rat monoclonal antibodies were constructed by fusion of immunized rat spleen cells with a nonsecreting mouse myeloma cell. Two monoclonal antibodies (6HD5 and HMK-12) were selected for further study. Both reacted with various IgE molecules of different specificities and different allotypes, but did not react with immunoglobulins of other isotypes and with light chains. These antibodies were therefore anti-isotypic (IgE) and not anti-allotypic or anti-idiotypic. It was shown by competition studies that these antibodies recognize different epitopes on the FcR epsilon fragment. A sensitive ELISA for the quantitation of murine IgE was developed with these monoclonal antibodies; the sensitivity was between 2 and 250 ng/ml for detection of serum IgE levels. Good correlation was obtained with protein amounts as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) activities. Both monoclonal antibodies were used to study anaphylactic reactions elicited by IgE antibodies. Both could inhibit PCA reactions and both could elicit reverse PCA reactions.
A promoter trap in embryonic stem (ES) cells selects for integration of DNA into CpG islands (1991)

An analysis of several G418-resistant ES cell lines produced by electroporation of a promoterless neo gene (NASTI), shows an enrichment for integrations within, or adjacent to, CpG islands. A detailed analysis of two of the cell lines reveals short regions of homology between the genomic target DNA and the construct ends, and that recombination may be mediated by DNA Topoisomerase I. The DNA flanking the insert detects transcription of endogenous genes, and in one cell line divergent transcripts are detected. This use of ES cells should provide an effective and efficient means of creating insertional mutations in mice.
Reaction of Primary Aliphatic Amines with Formaldehyde and Nitroparaffins<sup>*</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Primary Aliphatic Amines with Formaldehyde and Nitroparaffins*Murray SenkusCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 1, 10–12Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01205a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01205a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views639Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Decreased levels of circulating regulatory NK cells in patients with head and neck cancer throughout all tumor stages. (2009)

These data underline the complex network of HNSCC-mediated immunomodulation as part of the immune escape mechanisms of malignant head and neck tumors.
Ray tracing analysis for media with nonhomogeneous indices of refraction (1982)

A computer code with an excellent accuracy/speed ratio has been developed to determine ray trajectories in media with spatially varying indices of refraction. Using this system code, several Luneburg lens configurations have been analyzed for off-axis behavior. General features of these lens systems, which have not been extensively investigated previously, are described, and potential applications in the fiber-optics and microwave areas are discussed.
Renal Phosphodiesterase 4B Is Activated in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive Rat (2008)

Reduced beta-adrenoreceptor signaling is associated with increased sympathoadrenal activity in hypertensive patients and animal models of hypertension. However, the mechanism that accounts for this characteristic decline in beta-adrenergic signaling is unclear. In the present study, we investigated renal phosphodiesterase 4B, which metabolizes cAMP. Immunoblot analysis detected only the phosphodiesterase 4B4 isoform present in kidney tissue from spontaneously hypertensive rats, hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats, and Dahl salt-resistant rats. The phosphorylated (activated) form of the protein was present at 2-fold greater levels in Dahl SS rats than in spontaneously hypertensive rats and Dahl salt-resistant rats, whereas the unphosphorylated form of the protein was reduced by approximately one half in SS animals. In accord with immunoblot data, rolipram-inhibitable cAMP hydrolyzing activity, a measure of PDE4 activity, was approximately 3-fold greater in kidney cytosolic extracts from SS rats than in extracts from spontaneously hypertensive rats and salt-resistant rats. Phosphodiesterase 4B expression was detected by immunohistochemistry in the renal vasculature, proximal tubules, and distal tubules. These results raise the possibility that increased PDE4 activity, specifically phosphodiesterase 4B4 activity, reduces beta-adrenergic signaling in the kidney and contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension in the Dahl SS rat.
A real-time prediction model of electrode extension for GMAW (2006)

This paper presents the development of an electrode extension model for the gas metal arc welding process based on the process voltage. The full dynamic model for the electrode extension is derived by combining a dynamic resistivity model with the voltage model. The electrode extension model was found to be represented mathematically by a nonlinear, time-varying, second-order ordinary differential equation. This model can be used in through-the-arc sensing and arc length control systems. To experimentally verify the model, the process dynamics were excited by a continuous sinusoidal variation of arc current. Using a constant current power source with the electrode positive, sinusoidal perturbations of variable amplitude were superimposed on the current to allow direct measurement of changes in electrode extension, arc length, and total voltage. A high-speed video system was used to capture the experimental electrode extension dynamics. The model was verified by comparing the frequency response of the model to the frequency response of the real process. Agreement between the simulations and the experimental results was found to be very good. The accuracy of this model was found to be approximately /spl plusmn/0.6 mm, which is considered to be suitable for process control applications.
Doping engineering as a method to increase the performance of purified MG Silicon during ingot crystallisation (2009)

This paper presents an overview of significant crystallisation results obtained with purified metallurgical grade silicon in the framework of the French Photosil project. Especially we show that in case of a high boron concentration in the feedstock (>2.10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ), the higher the compensation level is, the higher the solar cells efficiency will be. Several ingots were crystallised with different concentrations of boron and phosphorus and the best solar cell efficiency (15.2%) was obtained with the highest compensated ingot. Moreover we show that this performance improvement is due to an increase of carrier lifetime which largely counterbalances the decrease of carrier mobilities, likely caused by scattering effect of ionized dopants. However, due to the different segregation coefficients of the major dopant atoms, boron and phosphorus, compensated multi-c Silicon ingots often show n-type regions, decreasing the overall material yield. Based on these findings, we suggest a novel concept of doping engineering, allowing a control of the compensation level through the entire ingot height, by introducing a well defined mix of dopant atoms (B, P and Ga) to the silicon before crystallisation. This can lead at the same time to a higher electrical performance and a higher material yield of the crystallised Silicon. As a further perspective the use of lower grade and less expensive silicon with a high electrical performance and material yield can be expected.
Using Small Molecules To Dissect Mechanisms of Microbial Pathogenesis (2009)

Understanding the ways in which pathogens invade and neutralize their hosts is of great interest from both an academic and a clinical perspective. However, in many cases genetic tools are unavailable or insufficient to fully characterize the detailed mechanisms of pathogenesis. Small molecule approaches are particularly powerful due to their ability to modulate specific biological functions in a highly controlled manner and their potential to broadly target conserved processes across species. Recently, two approaches that make use of small molecules, activity-based protein profiling and high-throughput phenotypic screening, have begun to find applications in the study of pathways involved in pathogenesis. In this Review we highlight ways in which these techniques have been applied to examine bacterial and parasitic pathogenesis and discuss possible ways in which these efforts can be expanded in the near future.
A 310 K pixel bipolar imager (BASIS) (1990)

The BASIS (base-stored image sensor) bipolar imaging device, which consists of a bipolar phototransistor in a capacitor-loaded emitter-follower circuit, is discussed. The device is used in an imager with 310 K pixels (640 H*490 V) in a 2/3-in optical format. The imager exhibits excellent performance characteristics, such as a high aperture ratio of 60%, an image lag less than 0.1%, and good linearity with a dynamic range of 76 dB. The read out and reset operation, antiblooming capability, and total system circuit and FPN cancellation are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparative Study of Nonlinear Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers (1994)

Abstract A study is carried out which compares the operational characteristics of various configurations for centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers. Of specific interest is the performance of these absorbers for large swing angles, that is, in their nonlinear operating range. The absorbers are classified according to the path employed for the absorber center of mass: (i) circular, (ii) cycloidal, (iii) epicycloidal, (iv) general, and (v) subharmonic epicycloidal. A simple analysis using regular perturbation is carried out, and the results are verified using simulations. The well known shortcomings of circular paths are confirmed, and the improvements offered by cycloidal and epicycloidal paths are demonstrated. The results are also used to determine an optimal path for a single absorber. Furthermore, it is shown that the pair of absorbers riding on subharmonic epicycloidal paths recently studied by the authors offers superior performance in the ideal, undamped case.
The emerging role of norepinephrine in cognitive dysfunctions of Parkinson's disease (2012)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population over age 60. In those patients cognitive dysfunction is a persistent issue that impairs quality of life and productivity. Neuropathological studies demonstrate significant damage in brain regions outside the nigral dopamine (DA) system, including early degeneration of locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) neurons, yet discussion of PD and treatment focus has remained dopaminergic-based. Motor symptoms benefit from DA replacement for many years, but other symptoms including several cognitive deficits continue unabated. Recent interest in non-DA substrates of PD highlights early involvement of LC-NE neurons and provides evidence for a prodromal phase, with cognitive disturbance, even in sporadic PD. We outline insights from basic research in LC-NE function to clinical and pathological evidence highlighting a role for NE in PD cognitive dysfunction. We propose that loss of LC-NE regulation, particularly in higher cortical regions, critically underlies certain cognitive dysfunctions in early PD. As a major unmet need for patients, research and use of NE drugs in PD may provide significant benefits for cognitive processing.
Document Classification Based on Support Vector Machine Using a Concept Vector Model (2006)

This paper proposes a new method for document categorization, based on support vector machine (SVM) using a concept vector model (CVM). The traditional document classification usually ignores the semantic relations among the keywords or documents. To effectively solve the semantic problem, the domain ontology is used to capture the semantic information among different terms or keywords in the documents. Using the concept vector model, domain-related semantic information more exactly from documents can be extracted. In the model, concept vector is extracted from a document by the matching method. According to concept features of the documents, documents are classified into a suitable category by SVM. The experimental results show that our CVM method yields higher accuracy compared to the traditional term-based vector space model (VSM) methods
Coagulopathy in Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation due to Abdominal Sepsis: Determination of Prothrombin Fragment 1+2 and Other Markers (1992)

To estimate the degree of coagulopathy in abdominal sepsis, we measured the plasma levels of prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), thrombin-antithrombin III complex (TAT) and plasmin-alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 38 patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). In 20 patients with DIC due to abdominal sepsis, plasma levels of F1 + 2, TAT and PIC were 2.6 nmol/l, 27.9 micrograms/l and 1.5 micrograms/ml, respectively, with a mean antithrombin III (AT III) activity of 41.7%. F1 + 2, TAT, PIC and AT III levels were 4.7 nmol/l, 75.8 micrograms/l, 8.8 micrograms/ml and 70.9% in 18 patients with DIC as the result of malignancy. Though AT III levels in DIC due to sepsis were lower than those in DIC due to malignancy, the levels of F1 + 2, TAT and PIC in the former were not significantly more increased than those in the latter. The plasma levels of F1 + 2 were positively correlated with TAT and PIC in DIC patients with malignancy; however, there was no correlation between F1 + 2 and TAT or PIC in DIC patients with sepsis. In addition, the levels of serum albumin in the two groups were similar. These results suggest that activation of coagulation and fibrinolytic systems may not be so prominent in cases of DIC due to abdominal sepsis, compared to related events in DIC due to malignancy. It is also suggested that the depletion of AT III in cases of sepsis is not only caused by a consumption related to intravascular coagulation or to an alternate distribution of protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fluorocinnoline derivatives. II. Synthesis and antibacterial activity of fluorinated 1-alkyl-1,4-dihydro-4-oxocinnoline-3-carboxylic acids. (1989)

Chemical modification of cinoxacin was studied with the aim of improving its antibacterial activity and spectrum. Alkylation of ethyl 6,7,8-trifluoro- and 6,7-difluoro-4-hydroxycinnoline-3-carboxylates (1 and 7) with alkyl iodide or dialkyl sulfate gave ethyl 1-alkyl-6,7,8-trifluoro- and 6,7-difluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxocinnoline-3-carboxylates (2 and 8), together with the isomeric anhydro-bases 3 and 9 of 2-alkyl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-6,7,8-trifluoro- and 6,7-difluoro-4-hydroxycinnolinium hydroxides, respectively. Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 1-alkyl derivatives 2 and 8 gave the corresponding carboxylic acids 4 and 10. The same treatment of 3 and 9, accompanied with decarboxylation of the inner salts 5 and 11, afforded the anhydro-bases 6 and 12 of 2-alkyl-4-hydroxycinnolinium hydroxides, respectively. Displacement reactions of 4 and 10 with nucleophiles such as amine, alkoxide and thiolate gave 7-substituted 1-alkyl-6,8-difluoro- and 6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxocinnoline-3-carboxylic acids (13 and 17-35). Antibacterial activities of these compounds were evaluated and compared with those of cinoxacin and norfloxacin. Some compounds showed a broader spectrum and more potent activity than cinoxacin, but were considerably inferior in activity to norfloxacin.
Scintillation of a Radio Star at a Subauroral Latitude (1966)

Scintillations of the radio source Cassiopeia A observed at 113 Mc/s during the period October 1961 through July 1964 were scaled to determine a semiquantitative index ofthe scintillation of source power. For fixed values of local magnetic activity mean diurnal variations were established which peaked about two hours before solar and magnetic midnight. Mean sidereal variation peaked at lower transit; this effect, attributed primarily to latitude, is compared to satellite scintillations. Both diurnal and sidereal variations showed an increase of mean scintillation activity with increase of magnetic index. Detailed examination of low magnetic index periods showed that daytime scintillations were slightly higher on the western side (towards the magnetic pole), while nighttime scintillations showed symmetry. However, with increasing magnetic activity, scintillation indices are considerably higher at night in the west while daytime scintillations are skewed to the east. A comparison of these observations with Penndorfs model of traveling and permanent maxima of spread F is attempted. The general features of the diurnal‐latitude variation of the radio star scintillation index is compared to the diurnal and latitude variation of spread F (topside and bottomside). While there is a general correlation, differences between scintillations and spread F noted in topside sounders are considerable.
Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of the Functional Domains of Yeast tRNA Ligase (2003)

Yeast tRNA ligase (Trl1) converts cleaved tRNA half-molecules into spliced tRNAs containing a 2'-PO4, 3'-5' phosphodiester at the splice junction. Trl1 performs three reactions: (i) the 2',3'-cyclic phosphate of the proximal fragment is hydrolyzed to a 3'-OH, 2'-PO4 by a cyclic phosphodiesterase (CPD); (ii) the 5'-OH of the distal fragment is phosphorylated by an NTP-dependent polynucleotide kinase; and (iii) the 3'-OH, 2'-PO4, and 5'-PO4 ends are sealed by an ATP-dependent RNA ligase. Trl1 consists of an N-terminal adenylyltransferase domain that resembles T4 RNA ligase 1, a central domain that resembles T4 polynucleotide kinase, and a C-terminal CPD domain that resembles the 2H phosphotransferase enzyme superfamily. Here we show that all three domains are essential in vivo, although they need not be linked in the same polypeptide. We identify five amino acids in the adenylyltransferase domain (Lys114, Glu266, Gly267, Lys284, and Lys286) that are essential for Trl1 activity and are located within motifs I (114KANG117), IV (266EGFVI270), and V (282FFKIK286) that comprise the active sites of DNA ligases, RNA capping enzymes, and T4 RNA ligases 1 and 2. Mutations K404A and T405A in the P-loop (401GXGKT405) of the central kinase-like domain had no effect on Trl1 function in vivo. The K404A and T405A mutations eliminated ATP-dependent kinase activity but preserved GTP-dependent kinase activity. A double alanine mutant in the P-loop was lethal in vivo and abolished GTP-dependent kinase activity. These results suggest that GTP is the physiological substrate and that the Trl1 kinase has a single NTP binding site of which the P-loop is a component. Two other mutations in the central domain were lethal in vivo and either abolished (D425A) or severely reduced (R511A) GTP-dependent RNA kinase activity in vitro. Mutations of the signature histidines of the CPD domain were either lethal (H777A) or conferred a ts growth phenotype (H673A).