gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of energy in hyperthermia‐induced mammalian cell inactivation: A study of the effects of glucose starvation and an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation (1981)

When cultured Chinese hamster cells were exposed to 43 degrees C hyperthermia, effects due to glucose deprivation and to the presence of the uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, carbonylcyanide-3-chlorophenylhydrazone, during the 43 degrees C treatment proved to be strongly accelerated compared to the effects at normal temperature (37 degrees C). This strongly indicates that the availability of energy plays an important role in the response of these cells to hyperthermia. One of the reasons cells die after hyperthermia may be a lethal lack of energy. Cells heated before glucose deprivation were able to maintain viability for a longer period during deprivation than cells without the preheat treatment. As the cells might develop thermotolerance after the heat exposure, this suggests that cells in the thermotolerant state use energy in a more economical way.
Predicting, Fabricating, and Permeability Testing of Free-Standing Ternary Palladium−Copper−Gold Membranes for Hydrogen Separation (2010)

For hydrogen from coal gasification to be used economically, novel separation processes that produce high-purity H2 must be developed. While binary palladium based alloys have shown promising pure hydrogen flux values, the search for optimal binary or ternary alloys is an involved and costly process due to the immense number of alloy variations that can be prepared and tested. In this paper an approach to identify, fabricate, and experimentally verify the hydrogen permeation performance of PdCu and PdAu binary alloys and ternary alloys of PdCuAu at various copper and gold concentrations to produce robust, poison-tolerant, hydrogen selective free-standing membranes is reported. This approach utilizes three primary tasks of (1) materials modeling and composition selection, (2) fabrication of high-performance binary and ternary alloy membranes, and (3) membrane testing and evaluation that are all operating independently and concurrently. For the binary Pd−Cu system, using a pure Pd membrane as the reference, both the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured additions of copper lowered the hydrogen permeability. For the binary Pd−Au system, the addition of gold slightly lowered permeability in the theoretical model but in the experimental testing was enhanced. For the ternary system, both experimental and theoretical permeabilities were depressed, with Cu exhibiting a larger influence on reducing the permeability.
Pulse transit time extraction from Seismocardiogram and its relationship with pulse pressure (2015)

In this research Seismocardiogram (SCG) signal was used for timing the proximal pulse while pulse-plethysmogram (PPG) was used for timing the dorsal pulse for computing pulse transit time (PTT). Lower body negative pressure (LBNP) was applied for gradually reducing the pulse pressure in 9 subjects. The correlation between the pulse pressure and PTT derived using SCG was studied. It was determined that a significant correlation existed between PTT and pulse pressure for 7 out of the 9 subjects studied with an average significant correlation of 0.88±0.05. The results from this research show a potential application for a system including SCG and PPG to be used in an estimation or trending of pulse pressure.
Hepatitis C Virus Core Mutations Reduce the Sensitivity of a Fluorescence Enzyme Immunoassay (2000)

Four of 107 samples obtained from hepatitis C virus (HCV) carriers showed lower HCV core antigen levels in a fluorescence enzyme immunoassay (FEIA) than expected from corresponding HCV RNA levels. Nucleotide sequencing revealed a mutation in the HCV core region (Thr49Pro) that appears to have reduced the FEIA sensitivity.
Effective Drug Delivery, <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i>, by Carbon-Based Nanovectors Noncovalently Loaded with Unmodified Paclitaxel (2010)

Many new drugs have low aqueous solubility and high therapeutic efficacy. Paclitaxel (PTX) is a classic example of this type of compound. Here we show that extremely small (<40 nm) hydrophilic carbon clusters (HCCs) that are PEGylated (PEG-HCCs) are effective drug delivery vehicles when simply mixed with paclitaxel. This formulation of PTX sequestered in PEG-HCCs (PTX/PEG-HCCs) is stable for at least 20 weeks. The PTX/PEG-HCCs formulation was as effective as PTX in a clinical formulation in reducing tumor volumes in an orthotopic murine model of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Preliminary toxicity and biodistribution studies suggest that the PEG-HCCs are not acutely toxic and, like many other nanomaterials, are primarily accumulated in the liver and spleen. This work demonstrates that carbon nanomaterials are effective drug delivery vehicles in vivo when noncovalently loaded with an unmodified drug.
An Electronic Device Description Language based approach for communication with dbms and file system in an industrial automation scenario (2016)

In industrial production scenarios, there is often a need to access heterogeneous information sources such as production units but also DBMS (Data base management system) and/or a local or shared file system to realize the necessary workflows. EDDL (Electronic Device Description Language) provides a standardized way to access and exchange information with the devices that make up the automation system. This paper discusses an approach to use the EDDL approach to describe databases and files, which is to say that in this approach the databases and files both have been modelled as ‘devices’ and can be communicated with like any other device with its own device description. For this to work, EDDL based device descriptions were formulated for databases as well as files and the communication with the same was established with the help of an OPC UA Server, containing nodes corresponding to database entries and files (of a local file system), in its address space. The OPC UA Server used the EDDL based descriptions of the file system and databases to gain connection and access related information about the same, thus establishing the communication. The results of this approach have also been discussed in the following sections, along with a proposal for some enhancements to the EDDL standard.
Novel method for cleaning a vacuum chamber from hydrocarbon contamination (2010)

A novel method for cleaning a high vacuum chamber is presented. This method is based on concurrent in situ high-energetic UV light activation of contaminants located in the residual gas and at the vacuum chamber surfaces as well as the in situ generation of highly reactive ozone. Ozone oxidizes the contaminants to volatile species. Investigations by energy-dispersive x-ray analysis of residual gas depositions and mass-spectroscopy measurements of the residual gas in the vacuum chamber identify the contaminant species as hydrocarbons. After a cleaning period of 8 h, a decrease in measured chamber contamination by about 90% could be achieved according to atomic force microscope analysis. Mass spectroscopy measurements using a residual gas analyzer indicate the creation of volatile, carbonaceous species during the cleaning process.
A Comparison of Various Adaptation Methods for Speaker Verification With Limited Enrollment Data (2006)

One key factor that hinders the widespread deployment of speaker verification technologies is the requirement of long enrollment utterances to guarantee low error rate during verification. To gain user acceptance of speaker verification technologies, adaptation algorithms that can enroll speakers with short utterances are highly essential. To this end, this paper applies kernel eigenspace-based MLLR (KEMLLR) for speaker enrollment and compares its performance against three state-of-the-art model adaptation techniques: maximum a posteriori (MAP), maximum-likelihood linear regression (MLLR), and reference speaker weighting (RSW). The techniques were compared under the NIST2001 SRE framework, with enrollment data vary from 2 to 32 seconds. Experimental results show that KEMLLR is most effective for short enrollment utterances (between 2 to 4 seconds) and that MAP performs better when long utterances (32 seconds) are available. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> This work was supported by the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong SAR (Project Nos. CUHK 1/02C and PolyU 5214/04E). <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">†</sup> Roger completed this work while he was with the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology before he left for CMU. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">‡</sup> This research is partially supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR under the grant number CA02/03.EG04.
Oriental Conceptions of Detachment and Enlightenment (1952)

An American philosopher returning from the East-West Philosophers' Conference at the University of Hawaii in the summer of 1949 remarked that he had not been able to discover there, in discussion with Oriental philosophers, any thought or concept which could not also be found, in some shape or form, in the annals of Western thought. I myself believe that even the concept of enlightenment is found in East and West alike, although in the East it is much more emphasized and developed than it is in the West. But I think that the concept of detachment, which originated in India and then spread all over Asia, is peculiar to the East. At least, I have never found it in Western thought. It is sometimes asked whether the East has any message for the West. Whether there is, in the concept of detachment, any such message can best be answered by trying to understand what detachment is.
A simple method to determine the pretilt angle of nematic guest-host liquid crystals (1986)

The phase retardation-extremum method offers a fast and simple way to measure the pretilt angle of nematic liquid crystal (NLC) cells. Due to optical absorption of the dissolved dyes, such a method is not suitable to measure the pretilt angle of a guest-host (GH) NLC cell. We have obtained a simple and fast method to determine the pretilt angle of a GH NLC cell from the incident angle corresponding to the minimum transmission intensity of a polarized light passing through the GH cell. Using this simple method, we have measured the pretilt angles of GH NLC cells with different dye concentrations, and compared them with the pretilt angles of the corresponding host NLCs measured by the retardation-extremum method. Excellent agreement between the two methods was observed with a dye concentration of not more than 1%. Within our experimental errors, dye concentration of up to 5.8% (by weight) seems not to change the pretilt angle of the GH NLC from that of the corresponding host NLC.
Optimizing the Tracking Efficiency for Cosmic Ray Muon Tomography (2006)

We have built a detector capable of locating high Z objects in the sampling (middle) region of the detector. As atomic number increases, radiation length rapidly decreases, yielding larger variance in scattering angle. Cosmic ray muon tomography works by tracking muons above the sampling region, and tracking them below the region as well. The difference between the two trajectories yield information, via the muon scattering variance, of the materials contained within the sampling region[1]. One of most important aspects of cosmic ray tomography is minimizing exposure time. The cosmic ray flux is about 1/cm\^2/min, and the goal is to use them for detecting high-density materials as quickly as possible. This involves using all of the information possible to reconstruct tracks with redundant detectors. Detector scattering residuals yield a low precision measurement of muon energy. Knowing the rough energy of an incoming particle will yield more precisely the expected scattering variance (currently the expectation value of ~3GeV is used).
Applications of Shape Memory Alloys in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry: A Review (2010)

The ever increasing need for oil around the world has helped the offshore oil industry to grow tremendously in the last few decades. This growth has made it necessary for this industry to investigate and design new and improved drilling methods that increase the productivity and efficiency of the devices used in offshore applications. Shape memory alloys (SMA) are new materials that have great potential for significantly improving instruments used in this field. Remarkable properties, such as the shape memory effect (SME), corrosion resistance, and superelasticity, have compelled the use of SMAs in the oil industry. When the SME is correctly harnessed, this device can become a lightweight, solid state alternative to conventional hydraulic, pneumatic or motor based actuator systems. The SMA can also be used in deepwater valves, underwater connectors, seals and self-torquing fasteners. The phase transformation property enables the SMA to withstand erosive stresses, which is useful for minimizing the erosion of the downhole well bores. The conventional passive damping method suffers from various defects and limitations; however, using the superelasticity of the SMA, sufficient energy dissipation is possible. SMA actuators cannot be used for high frequency operations, however, SMA actuators remain better options for low frequency operations due to a high power density, a high fatigue life and controllable actuation as compared to their traditional counterparts, which are sometimes more expensive, less reliable and very bulky. The largest benefit comes from their potential to reduce human labor and maintenance time under the ocean. There is a growing research interest in this area, as reflected by the increasing number of related research papers and patents. This paper reviews the recent development and application of shape memory alloys in the offshore oil industry.
Chemical Kinetics and Photochemical Data for Use in Atmospheric Studies, Evaluation Number 18 (2015)

This is the eighteenth in a series of evaluated sets of rate constants, photochemical cross sections, heterogeneous parameters, and thermochemical parameters compiled by the NASA Panel for Data Evaluation. The data are used primarily to model stratospheric and upper tropospheric processes, with particular emphasis on the ozone layer and its possible perturbation by anthropogenic and natural phenomena. The evaluation is available in electronic form from the following Internet URL: http://jpldataeval.jpl.nasa.gov/
사회복지분야의 협동조합에 관한 인식과 함의 (2013)

This study aims to explore the attitude of social welfare service providers to cooperatives and to evaluate the potential impacts of introduction of cooperatives on the social welfare service sector. To better understand issues, we surveyed social welfare and social service institutions which provide social welfare services in Gyeonggi province. A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the CEO of the institutions and, as a result, the total number of 384 CEO participated in the survey. The main findings of the survey are as follows: among the institutions of social welfare service, the level of awareness of the Framework Act on Cooperatives reached 40-46%. However, 14-18% of social welfare service institutions have intention to organize cooperatives. Social welfare institutions prefer a social cooperative to a general cooperative if have any chance to organize a cooperative. The results of survey imply that the short term impacts of the Framework Act on Cooperatives on the social welfare service sector would be marginal although the impacts would be positive.
Tumor regionality in the mouse intestine reflects the mechanism of loss of <i>Apc</i> function (2004)

Inherited colorectal cancer syndromes in humans exhibit regional specificity for tumor formation. By using mice with germline mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene (Apc) and/or DNA mismatch repair genes, we have analyzed the genetic control of tumor regionality in the mouse small intestine. In C57BL/6 mice heterozygous for the Apc multiple intestinal neoplasia mutation (Apc(Min)), in which tumors are initiated by loss of heterozygosity by means of somatic recombination, tumors form preferentially in the distal region of the small intestine. By contrast, the formation of tumors initiated by allelic silencing on the AKR Apc(Min) genetic background is strongly skewed toward the ileocecal junction. A third tumor regionality is displayed by tumors that develop in MMR-deficient Apc(Min/+) mice, in which mutation of the Apc gene is responsible for tumor initiation. Thus, tumor regionality in the small intestine of Apc(Min/+) reflects the mechanism by which the wild-type allele of Apc is inactivated. We have reexamined the mechanism of Apc loss in tumors from Apc(1638N/+) mice, in which tumors of the small intestine develop in a regional pattern overlapping that of mismatch repair-deficient mice. In contrast to previous reports, we find that tumors from Apc(1638N/+) mice on a congenic C57BL/6 background maintain the wild-type allele of Apc. Our studies demonstrate a pathway-specific regionality for tumor development in mouse models for inherited intestinal cancer, an observation that is reminiscent of the regional preference for tumor development in the human colon. Perhaps, the power of mouse genetics and biology can be harnessed to identify genetic and other factors that contribute to tumor regionality.
1,4‐Dicyanobenzene as a Scaffold for the Preparation of Bimetallic Actinide Complexes Exhibiting Metal–Metal Communication (2008)

Reaction of two equivalents of [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) or [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) with 1,4-dicyanobenzene leads to the formation of the novel 1,4-phenylenediketimide-bridged bimetallic organoactinide complexes [((C5Me4Et)2(Cl)U)(2)(mu-(N=C(CH3)-C6H4-(CH3)C=N))] (8) and [((C5Me5)2(Br)Th)2(mu-(N=C(CH3)-C6H4- (CH3)C==N))] (9), respectively. These complexes were structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and NMR spectroscopy. Metal-metal interactions in these isovalent bimetallic systems were assessed by means of cyclic voltammetry, UV-visible/NIR absorption spectroscopy, and variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility. Although evidence for magnetic coupling between metal centers in the bimetallic U IV/U IV (5f2-5f2) complex is ambiguous, the complex displays appreciable electronic communication between the metal centers through the pi system of the dianionic diketimide bridging ligand, as judged by voltammetry. The transition intensities of the f-f bands for the bimetallic U IV/U IV system decrease substantially compared to the related monometallic ketimide chloride complex, [(C5Me5)2U(Cl)(-N=C(CH3)-(3,4,5-F(3)-C6H2))] (11). Also reported herein are new synthetic routes to the actinide starting materials [(C5Me4Et)(2)U(CH3)(Cl)] (6) and [(C5Me5)2Th(CH3)(Br)] (7) in addition to the syntheses and structures of the monometallic uranium complexes [(C5Me4Et)2UCl2] (3), [(C5Me4Et)2U(CH3)2] (4), [(C5Me4Et)2U(-N==C(CH3)-C6H4-C==N)2] (10), and 11.
The effects of quercetin on bone minerals, biomechanical behavior, and structure in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (2007)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of quercetin (QE) on bone minerals and biomechanics in insulin-dependent diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by 50 mg kg(-1) intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) in a single dose. The rats were randomly allotted into four experimental groups: A (control), B (non-diabetic + QE), C (diabetic), and D (diabetic + QE) each containing 10 animals. The diabetic rats received QE (15 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) for 4 weeks following 8 weeks of STZ injection. Blood samples were taken to determine glucose, insulin, calcium, and magnesium levels. The rats' femora were assessed biomechanically at femoral mid-diaphysis and neck. It was found that QE treatment increased insulin, calcium, and magnesium levels. Three-point bending of the femoral mid-diaphysis and necks showed significantly lower maximum load values (F max) in animals in the STZ group than the QE + STZ or control groups (p < 0.05). The results support the conclusion that QE treatment may decrease blood glucose and increase plasma insulin, calcium, and magnesium. QE treatment may also be effective in bone mineral metabolism, biomechanical strength, and bone structure in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
A new 3D texture feature based computer-aided diagnosis approach to differentiate pulmonary nodules (2013)

To distinguish malignant pulmonary nodules from benign ones is of much importance in computer-aided diagnosis of
lung diseases. Compared to many previous methods which are based on shape or growth assessing of nodules, this
proposed three-dimensional (3D) texture feature based approach extracted fifty kinds of 3D textural features from gray
level, gradient and curvature co-occurrence matrix, and more derivatives of the volume data of the nodules. To
evaluate the presented approach, the Lung Image Database Consortium public database was downloaded. Each case of the database contains an annotation file, which indicates the diagnosis results from up to four radiologists. In order to relieve partial-volume effect, interpolation process was carried out to those volume data with image slice thickness more than 1mm, and thus we had categorized the downloaded datasets to five groups to validate the proposed approach, one group of thickness less than 1mm, two types of thickness range from 1mm to 1.25mm and greater than 1.25mm (each type contains two groups, one with interpolation and the other without). Since support vector machine is based on statistical learning theory and aims to learn for predicting future data, so it was chosen as the classifier to perform the differentiation task. The measure on the performance was based on the area under the curve (AUC) of Receiver Operating Characteristics. From 284 nodules (122 malignant and 162 benign ones), the validation experiments reported a mean of 0.9051 and standard deviation of 0.0397 for the AUC value on average over 100 randomizations.
The Automatic Transformation of Linked List Data Structures (2007)

Irregular access patterns are a major problem for today's optimizing compilers. It prevents the application of many optimizations as data dependence analysis cannot be performed on code containing such patterns. We present a novel approach that transforms linked list pointer access patterns in regularized array access patterns. Our method separates the computations from the linked list traversal which results in an intermediate code which is suitable for recompilation at runtime and as such can take both computation code and the data the code operates on into account enabling generation of code and restructured data structures. This is radically different from other approaches, which focus mainly on improving cache performance by placing list elements, which are logically close to each other physically close to each other.
Reversal of Atrial Electrical Remodeling After Cardioversion of Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Humans (2000)

These findings demonstrate that changes in atrial electrophysiology associated with chronic AF in humans are reversible after cardioversion and that the extent of this reversal is dependent on the duration of sinus rhythm after cardioversion.