gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Multivalent OspA Vaccine against Lyme Borreliosis Is Safe and Immunogenic in an Adult Population Previously Infected with Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato (2014)

Lyme borreliosis (LB) patients who recover, as well as previously infected asymptomatic individuals, remain vulnerable to reinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. There is limited information available about the use of OspA vaccines in this population. In this study, a randomized double-blind phase I/II trial was performed to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of a novel multivalent OspA vaccine in healthy adults who were either seronegative or seropositive for previous B. burgdorferi sensu lato infection. The participants received three monthly priming immunizations with either 30 μg or 60 μg alum-adjuvanted OspA antigen and a booster vaccination either 6 months or 9 to 12 months after the first immunization. The antibody responses to the six OspA serotypes included in the vaccine were evaluated. Adverse events were predominantly mild and transient and were similar in the seronegative and seropositive populations. Substantial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and surface-binding antibody responses against all six OspA antigens were induced after the primary immunization schedule in both populations, and they were substantially increased with both booster schedules. The antibody responses induced by the two doses were similar in the seronegative population, but there was a significant dose response in the seropositive population. These data indicate that the novel multivalent OspA vaccine is well tolerated and immunogenic in individuals previously infected with B. burgdorferi sensu lato. (This study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01504347.).
Homogeneous and heterogeneous copolymerization of styrene and sulfur dioxide using the (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COOH/SO<sub>2</sub> redox system (1989)

Abstract Styrene was copolymerized with sulfur dioxide in the presence of tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide under homogeneous and heterogeneous conditions. The rate of copolymer formation decreases in the order emulsion, suspension, organic–aqueous, and organic solution. The rate also depends on reaction time, temperature, solvent, and initiator concentration. Several physical methods used to characterize these copolymers, including IR, 13 C‐NMR, elemental analysis, viscosity, softening point, and isothermal aging. Analysis of the composition of the resulting copolymers revealed that there are on the average about two molecules of styrene per SO 2 present on the copolymer chain. 13 C‐NMR suggests that these copolymers are made up mostly of the MSM, SMM, and MMS triad monomer sequences whereas the SMS and MMM are present in small amounts. Characterization of polystyrene homopolymers shows that there is lack of stereoregularity in both homogeneous and heterogeneous polymerization systems.
Airborne remote sensing measurements with pulsed CO2 lasers (1982)

A lidar instrument based on compact pulsed carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) lasers has been developed for airborne remote sensing of atmospheric trace species. The instrument is now operational on the NASA Wallops Flight Center P3 aircraft. A flight test program was conducted during 1981, and results are available on instrument performance, data quality, and target signatures.
<i>C</i> ‐Axis Orientation of KSr <sub>2</sub> Nb <sub>5</sub> O <sub>15</sub> Using a Rotating Magnetic Field (2007)

We fabricated c ‐axis‐oriented KSr 2 Nb 5 O 15 (KSN) ceramics using a rotating strong magnetic field with subsequent sintering. The degree of orientation of the green compact was about 0.1 for (00 l ), as evaluated from the Lotgering factor in X‐ray diffraction. The orientation of the structure was enhanced by sintering at 1673 K; the Lotgering factor of the sintered body increased to 0.8. Microstructural examination indicated a well‐oriented structure in which the longitudinal axes of the rectangular‐shaped grains were oriented perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the magnetic field. KSN oriented on the a, b axes could be similarly fabricated using a strong static magnetic field.
Two‐dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients of leaf proteins from barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>): Method, reproducibility and genetic aspects (1988)

Abstract Leaf proteins from 14 barley cultivars ( Hordeum vulgare ) were analyzed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients (IPG 4–7 and IPG 6–10) in the first dimension. Highly reproducible two‐dimensional patterns were obtained, owing to constant spot positions along the isoelectric focusing axis. A number of variety‐specific protein spots were detected, allowing us to discriminate barley cultivars not only into main groups but into individual cultivars.
Preventing in vitro lactate accumulation in ruminal fermentations by inoculation with Megasphaera elsdenii. (1995)

In vitro fermentations containing a mixed culture of ruminal bacteria (ruminal fluid from a hay-fed steer), buffer, and primarily rapidly degradable substrates (starch, glucose, cellulose, cellobiose, and trypticase) were inoculated with an overnight culture of Megasphaera elsdenii B159. Triplicate flasks were either uninoculated or inoculated to obtain a final concentration of 8.7 x 10(5) and 8.7 x 10(6) colony forming units of M. elsdenii per milliliter of culture fluid. Inoculation with M. elsdenii prevented an accumulation of lactic acid and excessive drop in pH. Lactate peaked at more than 40 mM in untreated cultures. In cultures inoculated with a low dose of M. elsdenii, lactate concentration peaked at approximately 25 mM at 5 h of fermentation but decreased rapidly to less than 5 mM by 7 h of fermentation. With the addition of the high dose of M. elsdenii, lactate was never greater than 2 mM (P < .05) throughout fermentation. Cultures treated with M. elsdenii had greater amounts (P < .05) of isobutyrate, butyrate, isovalerate, and valerate than untreated cultures. After 24 h of fermentation, one-half of the culture fluid was transferred to an equal volume of fresh buffer with substrate but was not inoculated with further quantities of M. elsdenii. Six hours after transfer, cultures that had been originally treated with M. elsdenii had lower (P < .05) amounts of lactate than untreated cultures. Inoculation with M. elsdenii has potential to prevent lactate accumulation in diets containing readily fermentable carbohydrates.
Self-healing poly(siloxane-urethane) elastomers with remoldability, shape memory and biocompatibility (2016)

The poly(siloxane-urethane) elastomers with microphase separation structure and Diels–Alder bonds show high healing efficiency, good mechanical property and good biocompatibility.
Low‐temperature pausing of cultivated mammalian cells (2004)

There are currently two methods for maintaining cultured mammalian cells, continuous passage at 37 degrees C and freezing in small batches. We investigated a third approach, the "pausing" of cells for days or weeks at temperatures below 37 degrees C in a variety of cultivation vessels. High cell viability and exponential growth were observed after pausing a recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cell line (CHO-Clone 161) in a temperature range of 6-24 degrees C in microcentrifuge tubes for up to 3 weeks. After pausing in T-flasks at 4 degrees C for 9 days, adherent cultures of CHO-DG44 and human embryonic kidney (HEK293 EBNA) cells resumed exponential growth when incubated at 37 degrees C. Adherent cultures of CHO-DG44 cells paused for 2 days at 4 degrees C in T-flasks and suspension cultures of HEK293 EBNA cells paused for 3 days at either 4 degrees C or 24 degrees C in spinner flasks were efficiently transfected by the calcium phosphate-DNA coprecipitation method, yielding reporter protein levels comparable to those from nonpaused cultures. Finally, cultures of a recombinant CHO cell line (CHO-YIgG3) paused for 3 days at 4 degrees C, 12 degrees C, or 24 degrees C in bioreactors achieved the same cell mass and recombinant protein productivity levels as nonpaused cultures. The success of this approach to cell storage with rodent and human cell lines points to a general biological phenomenon which may have a wide range of applications for cultivated mammalian cells.
In vitro posttranslational modification of lamin B cloned from a human T-cell line. (1990)

Autoimmune diseases are characterized by spontaneously occurring autoantibodies which have proven to be useful reagents for the characterization of specific nuclear proteins. Using a monoclonal autoantibody (72B9) derived from a murine lupus strain, we have cloned a cDNA from the human T-cell line MOLT-4, which encodes nuclear lamin B. The identity of the encoded protein as lamin B was established by both biochemical and immunological criteria. Inspection of the deduced amino acid sequence of lamin B revealed the presence in coil 1B of the alpha-helical domain of a leucine heptad repeat region. Analysis of mRNA in HL60 and MOLT-4 cells, which express only lamin B, or HeLa cells, which express all three major lamins (A, B, and C), together with the comigration of in vitro-translated product with isolated HeLa cell lamin B by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, suggests that a single lamin B is expressed in mammalian somatic cells. In vitro translation with the cDNA clone revealed an EDTA-sensitive posttranslational modification which resulted in an increase in the apparent molecular weight to that equivalent to the native in vivo-synthesized lamin B protein. This in vitro modification included incorporation of a product of mevalonolactone and required an intact carboxy terminus.
<i>REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1</i> , a conserved gene that regulates ethylene receptor function in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Arabidopsis thaliana has five ethylene hormone receptors, which bind ethylene and elicit responses critical for plant growth and development. Here we describe a negative regulator of ethylene responses, REVERSION-TO-ETHYLENE SENSITIVITY1 (RTE1), which regulates the function of at least one of the receptors, ETR1, in Arabidopsis. RTE1 was identified based on the ability of rte1 mutations to suppress ethylene insensitivity of the dominant gain-of-function allele etr1-2. rte1 loss-of-function mutants have an enhanced ethylene response that closely resembles the etr1 null phenotype. The etr1 rte1 double null mutant is identical to the etr1 and rte1 single null mutants, suggesting that the two genes act in the same pathway. rte1 is unable to suppress the etr1-1 gain-of-function allele, placing RTE1 at or upstream of ETR1. rte1 also fails to suppress gain-of-function mutations in each of the four other ethylene receptor genes. RTE1 encodes a previously undescribed predicted membrane protein, which is highly conserved in plants, animals [corrected] and protists but absent in fungi and prokaryotes. Ethylene treatment induces RTE1 expression, and overexpression of RTE1 confers reduced ethylene sensitivity that partially depends on ETR1. These findings demonstrate that RTE1 is a negative regulator of ethylene signaling and suggest that RTE1 plays an important role in ETR1 function.
Design Optimization of Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink Through Evolutionary Algorithm Coupled With Surrogate Model (2013)

A liquid flow manifold microchannel heat sink is optimized with the help of 3-D numerical analysis, a surrogate method, and a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. The performance of the manifold microchannel heat sink is optimized for the overall thermal resistance and the pumping power required for driving the coolant. The design variables related to the width of the microchannel, depth of the microchannel, width of fins, length of the nozzles, and height of the nozzles, which contribute to objective functions, are identified and optimized for minimum thermal resistance and pumping power. A Latin hypercube sampling method is used to exploit the design space. The numerical solutions obtained at these design points are utilized to construct a surrogate model, i.e., response surface approximation. The Navier-Stokes and energy equations for laminar flow and conjugate heat transfer are solved using a finite-volume solver. A hybrid multi objective evolutionary algorithm coupled with a surrogate model is applied to find out global Pareto-optimal designs (PODs). Trade-off analysis is performed in view of the conflicting nature of the two objectives, which yields PODs with low thermal resistance at various pumping powers. The ratio of the microchannel width to the microchannel height and that of the nozzle height to the microchannel height are found to be more Pareto-optimal sensitive (sensitive along the Pareto-optimal front) than others. In contrast, the ratio of the fin width to the microchannel height and that of the nozzle length to the microchannel width are found to be less Pareto-optimal sensitive than other design variables. The PODs showed lower thermal resistance and pumping power than the reference designs at various mass flow rates.
Comparison of the inhibition of Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase by 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines: quantitative structure-activity relationships, x-ray crystallography, and computer graphics in structure-activity analysis (1982)

The inhibition constants (Kiapp) obtained from the action of 44 2,4-diamino-5-(substituted-benzyl)pyrimidines on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) from Escherichia coli and Lactobacillus casei bacteria are used to derive quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR). These equations bring out a number of differences in the DHFR which can be understood at the atomic level by studying color stereo computer graphics models constructed from the X-ray coordinates of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes. The combination of QSAR and X-ray crystallography interpreted via high-performance computer graphics offers a new level of sophistication to extend our understanding of enzyme-ligand interactions, which, when the crystallography is known, opens up a more scientific approach to drug development.
Locking down the e-wallet (2012)

The Google Wallet mobile app made the e-wallet concept mass market, but security breaches were not far behind. A focal point of malware writers seems to be banking trojans that attack the highly secured connection between the bank and the user. Tracey Caldwell examines the security threats facing e-wallets and sets out a number of approaches to securing e-wallets, from using the Secure Element, to optical tokens and cloud-based authentication. She also discusses the role that retailers, merchants and telco companies may play in e-wallet security in the future.
Substrate engineering by hydrogen or helium implantation for epitaxial growth of lattice mismatched Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ films on silicon (2003)

Strain relaxed Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers on Si[100] are used as virtual substrates for the growth of, for example, Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ quantum well structures. We investigated the effects of He/sup +/ ion implantation and subsequent annealing on pseudomorphic Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si[100] heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). A narrow defect band was generated by ion implantation slightly underneath the interface inducing the formation of strain relieving misfit dislocations during subsequent thermal annealing. Nearly complete strain relaxation of Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ layers with Ge fractions up to 30 at.% was obtained at temperatures as low as 850/spl deg/C and the samples appeared free of threading dislocations within the SiGe layer to the limit of transmission cross-sectional electron microscopy. We thus have developed a method for producing high-quality, thin, relaxed Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ films on Si[100] with threading dislocation densities below 10/sup 7/ cm/sup -2/ by standard techniques as molecular beam epitaxy and ion implantation. The heterostructures were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering/channeling spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy.
Observations on the change in shape of blood platelets brought about by adenosine diphosphate (1970)

1. An optical method used for measuring platelet aggregation was adapted for measurements of the change in shape of platelets that rapidly follows the addition of the aggregating agent adenosine diphosphate (ADP).2. Measurements were made using dilute suspension of platelets with sufficient EDTA to prevent their aggregation.3. Measurements of the velocity and magnitude of the optical effects of the shape change were highly reproducible.4. Volumetric measurements showed that the shape change is not associated with an increase in mean platelet volume.5. The velocity of the shape change had a temperature coefficient of about 4.5.6. The velocity and magnitude of the shape change were not affected by pH between 5.8 and 9.2.7. The dependence of the velocity of the shape change on the ADP concentration was in accordance with Michaelis-Menton kinetics. The K(m) was about 7.2 x 10(-7)M.8. The velocity of the shape change was inhibited competitively by ATP, adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine but not by AMP. When the inhibitors were added after the maximum of the shape change they caused a concentration-dependent diminution in the record of the change.9. The results suggest that the shape change is initiated by reaction of the agonist ADP with specific receptor sites on the platelet membrane which leads to energy-requiring changes in the structures responsible for maintaining the disk shape of normal platelets.
Causes and Outcomes of the Acute Chest Syndrome in Sickle Cell Disease (2021)

Background The acute chest syndrome is the leading cause of death among patients with sickle cell disease. Since its cause is largely unknown, therapy is supportive. Pilot studies with improved diagnostic techniques suggest that infection and fat embolism are underdiagnosed in patients with the syndrome. Methods In a 30-center study, we analyzed 671 episodes of the acute chest syndrome in 538 patients with sickle cell disease to determine the cause, outcome, and response to therapy. We evaluated a treatment protocol that included matched transfusions, bronchodilators, and bronchoscopy. Samples of blood and respiratory tract secretions were sent to central laboratories for antibody testing, culture, DNA testing, and histopathological analyses. Results Nearly half the patients were initially admitted for another reason, mainly pain. When the acute chest syndrome was diagnosed, patients had hypoxia, decreasing hemoglobin values, and progressive multilobar pneumonia. The mean length of hospitalization was 10.5 days. Thirteen percent of patients required mechanical ventilation, and 3 percent died. Patients who were 20 or more years of age had a more severe course than those who were younger. Neurologic events occurred in 11 percent of patients, among whom 46 percent had respiratory failure. Treatment with phenotypically matched transfusions improved oxygenation, with a 1 percent rate of alloimmunization. One fifth of the patients who were treated with bronchodilators had clinical improvement. Eighty-one percent of patients who required mechanical ventilation recovered. A specific cause of the acute chest syndrome was identified in 38 percent of all episodes and 70 percent of episodes with complete data. Among the specific causes were pulmonary fat embolism and 27 different infectious pathogens. Eighteen patients died, and the most common causes of death were pulmonary emboli and infectious bronchopneumonia. Infection was a contributing factor in 56 percent of the deaths. Conclusions Among patients with sickle cell disease, the acute chest syndrome is commonly precipitated by fat embolism and infection, especially community-acquired pneumonia. Among older patients and those with neurologic symptoms, the syndrome often progresses to respiratory failure. Treatment with transfusions and bronchodilators improves oxygenation, and with aggressive treatment, most patients who have respiratory failure recover.
The association between lung innate immunity and differential airway antigen- specific immune responses (1996)

The mechanisms involved in the differential regulation of airway immune responses in atopic versus non-atopic individuals are poorly understood. In this study, the association between non-specific immunity and the differential airway antigen-specific immune responses was examined in a murine model. The disparity in antigen-specific IgE and IgG2a productions between the two strains of mice was observed to be significant. C57BL/6J mice were much more efficient than BALB/cJ mice in making IgE antibody to inhaled ovalbumin (OVA) antigen. On the contrary, BALB/cJ mice did make more IgG2a antibodies than C57BL/6J mice to inhaled OVA. These findings suggest that in C57BL/6J mouse strain a predominant Th2 type of immune response develops in response to inhaled OVA antigen. In contrast, BALB/cJ mice mount a Th1 type of immune response to aerosolized OVA antigen. Furthermore, after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, the IL-12 mRNA expression of lung-derived cells from BALB/cJ mice was higher than that from C57BL/6J cells. However, the lung-derived cells of C57BL/6J mice stimulated by LPS produced higher levels of IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 than BALB/cJ lung-derived cells did. Therefore, our study demonstrated that the difference of lung-derived cells in their ability to produce cytokine and prostaglandin between BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J mice correlates well with the type of the airway antigen-specific immune effector functions.
Tea Tree (1999)

An up-to-date review of this popular medicinal plant genus, this book will be of interest to all those concerned with the study and use of medicinal plants and provides a comprehensive and contemporary overview of the status of tea tree.
Oxidative C–H amination reactions (2013)

Towards "Oxidative-Ullmann-Goldberg" and "Oxidative-Buchwald-Hartwig" type amination reactions. This review focuses on the newly developed oxidative C-N bond formation techniques, applicable in the field of organic synthesis. Particular emphasis is given to those which are classified as cross-dehydrogenative-couplings, through dual C-H and N-H activation, thus formally extruding "H2" as a by-product.
STORE LOCATION: PROBLEMS AND METHODS 3 (1985)

The previous article in this series (RDM November/December) examined techniques designed to search out areas of the country that might have potential for new stores. This article looks more closely at finding the best site available within a chosen area. It discusses store turnover forecasting techniques, and also considers the question of assessing viability in product‐dominated markets.
Dansylated proteins as internal standards in two‐dimensional electrophoresis and Western blot analysis (1984)

Abstract Dansylated proteins have been used in combination as isoelectric point and molecular weight standards and included in gel samples for separation by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These proteins provide invariant points of reference that facilitate the unequivocal identification of proteins separated by two dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis without affecting resolution. Moreover, immunoautoradiograms of Western blots can be aligned with their corresponding gel patterns with great accuracy. The logical extension of the established usage of dansylated protein standards to these applications is described.