gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diastereoselective Enzymatic Aldol Additions: <scp>L</scp>‐Rhamnulose and <scp>L</scp>‐Fuculose 1‐Phosphate Aldolases from <i>E. coli</i> (1991)

Two bacterial aldolases, RhuA and FucA, which are readily accessible by overex-pression, catalyze the asymmetric addition of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to various aldehydes. The high degree of enantio-and diastereoselectivity for the L-threo (RhuA) and D-erythro (FucA) stereochemistry of the products and the high stability of the enzymes make it possible to prepare rare carbohydrates and their derivatives as well as other polyhydroxylated compounds.
Other Future Directions (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction General defi nitions: adult and embryonic stem cells Differentiating â-cells from human embryonic stem cells Evidence for the existence of pancreatic stem cells Lineage reprogramming Future issues regarding human transplantation of cell-based therapies Introduction Early human studies Background history Pancreas transplantation Islet transplantation in the new millennium Islet transplantation today Islet transplantation outcomes Indications and contraindications for islet transplantation Patient evaluation Conclusions Challenges and future directions References
A Scalable and Highly Configurable Cache-Aware Hybrid Flash Translation Layer (2014)

This paper presents a cache-aware configurable hybrid flash translation layer (FTL), named CACH-FTL. It was designed based on the observation that most state-of­­-the-art flash-specific cache systems above FTLs flush groups of pages belonging to the same data block. CACH-FTL relies on this characteristic to optimize flash write operations placement, as large groups of pages are flushed to a block-mapped region, named BMR, whereas small groups are buffered into a page-mapped region, named PMR. Page group placement is based on a configurable threshold defining the limit under which it is more cost-effective to use page mapping (PMR) and wait for grouping more pages before flushing to the BMR. CACH-FTL is scalable in terms of mapping table size and flexible in terms of Input/Output (I/O) workload support. CACH-FTL performs very well, as the performance difference with the ideal page-mapped FTL is less than 15% in most cases and has a mean of 4% for the best CACH-FTL configurations, while using at least 78% less memory for table mapping storage on RAM.
Dynamics of social networks (2002)

Abstract Complex networks such as the World Wide Web, the web of human sexual contacts, or criminal networks often do not have an engineered architecture but instead are self‐organized by the actions of a large number of individuals. From these local interactions nontrivial global phenomena can emerge as small‐world properties or scale‐free degree distributions. A simple model for the evolution of acquaintance networks highlights the essential dynamical ingredients necessary to obtain such complex network structures. The model generates highly clustered networks with small average path lengths and scale‐free as well as exponential degree distributions. It compares well with experimental data of social networks, as for example, coauthorship networks in high energy physics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marine Biosurfactants, III. Toxicity Testing with Marine Microorganisms and Comparison with Synthetic Surfactants (1991)

Eight synthetic and nine biogenetic surfactants were tested on their toxicity. Because of their possible application as oil dispersants against oil slicks on sea, the test organisms used were marine microorganisms (mixed and pure cultures of bacteria, microalgae, and protozoa). Bacterial growth was hardly effected or stimulated, whilst that of algae and flagellates was reduced. All substances tested were biodegraded in sea water. The bioluminescence of Photobacter phosphoreum (Microtox test) was the most sensitive test system used. A ranking shows that most biogenetic surfactants were less toxic than synthetic surfactants. No toxicity could be detected with the glucose-lipid GL, produced by the marine bacterium Alcaligenes sp. MM1.
Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease (2007)

Glaucoma as a neurodegenerative disease is a valid working hypothesis to understand neural injury in the visual system. This paradigm may stimulate the discovery of innovative intraocular pressure-independent strategies to help prevent loss of vision in glaucoma patients.
Application of Novel Diversion Acidizing Techniques To Improve Gas Production in Heterogeneous Formation (2003)

Abstract The aims of this study were to design a novel diversion acidizing stimulation treatment to remove formation damage and enhance gas production in a recently exploring ultradeep heterogeneous sandstone gas fields in TARIM, while avoiding formation collapse. Although foam can be used to divert acid from the chief zones to the damaged zones, it is not available in this kind of ultradeep abnormally high pressure gas field and an additional handling equipment is required. In this paper a new diversion technique from both laboratory testing and field monitoring is discussed in detail. Laboratory testing conducted in a dual-core flow apparatus showed excellent diversion from a high-permeability formation to a low permeability one by using viscosity system. Field case histories in the heterogeneous gas formation in TARIM over past three years are presented. The field cases histories show the success of diversion acid technique and the improvement of gas production significantly.
Business process management in customer contact services (2002)

The trend in telecommunication services management is to focus more on managing the services to better meet customer demands at the management layer closer to customers. For example, in customer-contact-work, the aim is to more efficiently provide a higher level of service to customers. We have been developing an operation flow and process management system (OFMS) that meets these requirements. It treats staff members, work groups, and tasks as managed objects (MOs), and by mapping the actual work situation to the relationship between MOs, it can better manage the structure of business processes and the task-load distribution. It can also use the information from these MOs to manage the resources available for providing services. In this report we describe the framework for managing business processes in the OFMS and the OFMS implementation using distributed objects based on CORBA V2.0. We also describe a trial application of the OFMS to handling work at a call center and quantitatively assess its benefits.
Visual Affect Around the World: A Large-scale Multilingual Visual Sentiment Ontology (2015)

Every culture and language is unique. Our work expressly focuses on the uniqueness of culture and language in relation to human affect, specifically sentiment and emotion semantics, and how they manifest in social multimedia. We develop sets of sentiment- and emotion-polarized visual concepts by adapting semantic structures called adjective-noun pairs, originally introduced by Borth et al. (2013), but in a multilingual context. We propose a new language-dependent method for automatic discovery of these adjective-noun constructs. We show how this pipeline can be applied on a social multimedia platform for the creation of a large-scale multilingual visual sentiment concept ontology (MVSO). Unlike the flat structure in Borth et al. (2013), our unified ontology is organized hierarchically by multilingual clusters of visually detectable nouns and subclusters of emotionally biased versions of these nouns. In addition, we present an image-based prediction task to show how generalizable language-specific models are in a multilingual context. A new, publicly available dataset of >15.6K sentiment-biased visual concepts across 12 languages with language-specific detector banks, >7.36M images and their metadata is also released.
Atypical MEN Type 2B Associated with Two Germline RET Mutations on the Same Allele Not Involving Codon 918 (2002)

A kindred was diagnosed with atypical MEN type 2B characterized by medullary thyroid cancer and mucosal neurilemmomas in multiple family members. Mutation analysis revealed a double RET germline mutation, Val804Met and Ser904Cys, in affected individuals. The clinical phenotype, the functional effect of the mutations, and the clinical implications of our findings are discussed.
Microsatellite instability and intratumoural heterogeneity in 100 right-sided sporadic colon carcinomas (2002)

Microsatellite instability has been proposed as an alternative pathway of colorectal carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the interest of immunohistochemistry as a new tool for highlighting mismatch repair deficiency and to compare the results with a PCR-based microsatellite assay. A total of 100 sporadic proximal colon adenocarcinomas were analysed. The expression of hMLH1, hMSH2 and hMSH6 proteins evaluated by immunohistochemistry was altered in 39% of the cancers, whereas microsatellite instability assessed by PCR was detected in 43%. There was discordance between the two methods in eight cases. After further analyses performed on other tumoural areas for these eight cases, total concordance between the two techniques was observed (Kappa=100%). Our results demonstrate that immunohistochemistry may be as efficient as microsatellite amplification in the detection of unstable phenotype provided that at least two samples of each carcinoma are screened, because of intratumoural heterogeneity.
New fabrication method for planar multilayer windings used in low-profile magnetic components (1999)

A new design and fabrication method for planar windings with multilayers is presented. This method can virtually eliminate external soldering or conductive vias, thus reducing dc resistance and increasing reliability. Compared to the previously reported folding methods for winding fabrication, this method maximizes the use of the window height and minimizes the waste of copper area in manufacturing. The winding pattern is cut using a computer numerically controlled machine, or the punching/pressing process, which is cleaner than the commonly used etching process. The whole winding assembly is completed by a folding process. The primary and secondary windings in a transformer can be interleaved, resulting in low leakage inductance. Practical examples of low-profile transformers and inductors were constructed and tested in an active-clamped forward dc-dc converter with self-driven synchronous rectifiers. Experimental results are presented to show that such transformers/inductors are particularly useful for the design of low-profile and high power density converter modules.
In vivo transmission of impact shock waves in the distal forelimb of the horse (2001)

There is a high prevalence of lameness among Standardbred trotters, most commonly caused by noninfectious joint diseases, mainly related to training and competition. In this context, impact-related shock waves transmitted through the skeleton and joints have been proposed to be one important factor in the development of osteoarthritis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the characteristic pattern of the events immediately following first contact, with a focus on the in vivo transmission of impact shock waves in the distal forelimb. Two horses were trotted by hand over a force plate. Recordings of 3-D kinematics of the distal forelimb were carried out by use of a 240 Hz video system. Tri-axial accelerometer data were collected from a bone-mounted accelerometer on the midlateral side of the third metacarpal bone (McIII) and from another accelerometer attached to the lateral side of the hoof. Force plate and accelerometer data were sampled at 4.8 kHz using a 16-bit A/D-converter, synchronised with the kinematic data. The results indicate that the time lapse of the horizontal retardation of the hoof is an important factor in the attenuation of the impact. A shorter period of hoof braking showed higher amplitudes in the longitudinal retardation of McIII and a more rapid oscillation. This makes all parameters that affect the horizontal hoof braking potentially important to the orthopaedic health of the horse.
Heterogeneous Investment Opportunities in Multiple-Segment Firms and the Incremental Value Relevance of Segment Accounting Data (2003)

Applying a real-options-based valuation approach, we develop and test a model that addresses the incremental value relevance of segment data beyond firmlevel accounting data. Prior studies (e.g., Zhang 2000; Biddle et al. 2001) show that equity valuation requires accounting data (in part) because accounting provides signals that guide capital investments underlying value creation. In this study, we establish that the usefulness of segment data beyond aggregate data relates to heterogeneity of investment opportunities across segments, caused by divergences of segment profitability and growth potential. Empirical results are consistent with the model's predictions. We also assess the magnitude of the valuation impact of segment information relative to that of firm-level information.
64-bit versus 32-bit Virtual Machines for Java (2005)

The Java language is popular because of its platform independence, making it useful in a lot of technologies ranging from embedded devices to high-performance systems. The platform-independent property of Java, which is visible at the Java bytecode level, is only made possible thanks to the availability of a Virtual Machine (VM), which needs to be designed specifically for each underlying hardware platform. More specifically, the same Java bytecode should run properly on a 32-bit or a 64-bit VM. In this paper, we compare the behavioral characteristics of 32-bit and 64-bit VMs using a large set of Java benchmarks. This is done using the Jikes Research VM as well as the IBM JDK 1.4.0 production VM on a PowerPC-based IBM machine. By running the PowerPC machine in both 32-bit and 64-bit mode we are able to compare 32-bit and 64-bit VMs. We conclude that the space an object takes in the heap in 64-bit mode is 39.3% larger on average than in 32-bit mode. We identify three reasons for this: (i) the larger pointer size, (ii) the increased header and (iii) the increased alignment. The minimally required heap size is 51.1% larger on average in 64-bit than in 32-bit mode. From our experimental setup using hardware performance monitors, we observe that 64-bit computing typically results in a significantly larger number of data cache misses at all levels of the memory hierarchy. In addition, we observe that when a sufficiently large heap is available, the IBM JDK 1.4.0 VM is 1.7% slower on average in 64-bit mode than in 32-bit mode. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aminoglutethimide as Treatment of Postmenopausal Women with Advanced Breast Carcinoma (1982)

Hormone-dependent breast carcinomas respond to deprivation of biologically active estrogens with objectively quantifiable tumor regression. Aminoglutethimide, a known inhibitor of steroid synthesis, is also a potent blocker of the aromatase enzyme and, thus, of estrogen production. We developed an effective regimen to inhibit estrogen production in postmenopausal women using aminoglutethimide and replacement glucocorticoid. One hundred forty-seven women initially received aminoglutethimide and replacement glucocorticoid as treatment of metastatic breast carcinoma. One hundred twenty-nine women are currently evaluable for assessment of clinical and hormonal responses. Thirty-seven percent of unselected women and 49% of estrogen receptor-positive patients experienced objective tumor regression. Responses occurred predominantly in soft tissue (47%) and bone (35%) and lasted 30 +/- 9.1 months for complete and 14 +/- 1.5 months for partial regressions. Plasma and urinary estrogen levels fell equally in responder versus nonresponder groups whereas androgen levels declined less in patients with progressive disease.
Inflammatory Mediators as Potential Therapeutic Targets in the Spine (2005)

Inflammation plays a variable part in the pathogenesis of several spinal disorders. Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy of the spine and rheumatoid arthritis, whilst affecting predominantly limb joints, also affects the cervical spine in a significant proportion of people. Inflammation is also involved in disorders such as disc herniation and sciatica, which have previously been thought of as being primarily mechanical or degenerative. Anti-inflammatory agents which have been shown to be effective elsewhere in the body are discussed in this review as possible therapeutic agents in the spine. As the inflammatory cascade and immunopathology of these conditions continue to be elucidated, it has become apparent that individual molecules may be potential targets for inactivation or down-regulation. Candidates include pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-alpha, cytokines, e.g. IL-1 and IL-15, or enzymes enhancing the inflammation pathway such as the cyclooxygenases. Hence treatments based on inactivation of these molecules by various mechanisms, including antibodies, receptor antagonists, enzyme inhibitors or gene therapy, are being introduced. However, the mode of action of a particular molecule can be complex and sometimes apparently contradictory. For example, TNF-alpha is known to play an important role in promoting inflammation by upregulating expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells and stimulating the production of reactive oxygen intermediates, nitric oxide and prostaglandins. However, it can also have an immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory role after prolonged release. Therefore, although inhibitors of many of these molecules are now in clinical application and trials (many with promising results in rheumatoid arthritis), it is important to remain vigilant and monitor long-term outcomes particularly when these treatments are used in clinical syndromes with relatively poorly defined immunopathology such as spinal disorders.
Phosphoethanolamine Residues on the Lipid A Moiety of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Lipooligosaccharide Modulate Binding of Complement Inhibitors and Resistance to Complement Killing (2012)

Loss of phosphoethanolamine (PEA) from the lipid A of gonococcal strain FA19 results in increased sensitivity to killing by the classical pathway of complement. Here we demonstrate that loss of PEA from lipid A diminishes binding of the complement regulatory protein C4b binding protein (C4BP) to the FA19 porin B (PorB), providing a molecular basis to explain the susceptibility of an lptA null strain of FA19 to killing by normal human serum (NHS). Loss of PEA from lipid A in three additional gonococcal strains that expressed diverse PorB molecules also resulted in decreased C4BP binding, increased deposition of C4b, and increased susceptibility to killing by NHS. Complementation of lptA null strains with lptA restored C4BP binding, decreased C4b deposition, and increased resistance to killing by NHS. These effects of lipid A PEA on C4BP binding to gonococcal PorB and serum resistance were simulated when gonococcal PorB was expressed in a meningococcal background. Loss of PEA from lipid A also affected binding of the alternative pathway regulator factor H (fH) to PorB of some strains. For instance, PorB molecules of lptA null mutants of strains 252 and 1291 bound less fH than those of their parent strains when lipooligosaccharide (LOS) was sialylated, whereas PorB molecules of lptA null mutants of strains FA1090 and 273 retained the ability to bind fH when LOS was sialylated. These data indicate that replacement of lipid A with PEA alters binding of C4BP and fH to PorB and contributes to the ability of gonococci to resist complement-mediated killing.
Trastuzumab and Antiestrogen Therapy (2006)

Recently, several studies addressing this issue have been reported. Here, we will focus on a comprehensive review of the currently available data.
The p53 regulatory gene<i>MDM2</i>is a direct transcriptional target of MYCN in neuroblastoma (2005)

The MYCN oncogene is the major negative prognostic marker in neuroblastoma with important roles in both the pathogenesis and clinical behavior of this aggressive malignancy. MYC oncogenes activate both proliferative and apoptotic cellular pathways and, accordingly, inhibition of p53-mediated apoptosis is a prerequisite for MYC-driven tumorigenesis. To identify novel transcriptional targets mediating the MYCN-dependent phenotype, we screened a MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line by using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) cloning. We identified the essential p53 inhibitor and protooncogene MDM2 as a putative target. MDM2 has multiple p53-independent functions modulating cell cycle and transcriptional events. Standard ChIP with MYCN antibodies established the binding of MYCN to a consensus E-box within the human MDM2 promoter. Oligonucleotide pull-down assays further established the capacity of MYCN to bind to this promoter region, confirming the ChIP results. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed the E-box-specific, MYCN-dependent regulation of the MDM2 promoter in MYCN-inducible neuroblastoma cell lines. Real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis demonstrated a rapid increase in endogenous MDM2 mRNA and MDM2 protein upon induction of MYCN. Targeted inhibition of MYCN in a MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cell line resulted in decreased MDM2 expression levels with concomitant stabilization of p53 and induction of apoptosis. Our finding that MYCN directly modulates baseline MDM2 levels suggests a mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma and other MYC-driven malignancies through inhibition of MYC-stimulated apoptosis.
Maximum power point tracker Patent (1971)

Apparatus for detectaag the 1nsQnhneous power from a power source and operat~areil~ selectave%y drsconnecting the power source from a load and a battery recl~aglng circuit upon generation of a pulse from a power peak detector or a peak absence detector, power to the load bemg suppised by the battery when the power source 1s disconnected, batterq overcharged protection controls further operatang to ovsmsde reset of the power switch, the power source bemg forced PC supply a range of output voltage correspondnng to that provnding maximum power output of the source
Antisense inhibition of Na<sup>+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>exchange during anoxia/reoxygenation in ventricular myocytes (2001)

This study investigated the role of the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) in regulating cytosolic intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) during anoxia/reoxygenation in guinea pig ventricular myocytes. The hypothesis that the NCX is the predominant mechanism mediating [Ca2+]i overload in this model was tested through inhibition of NCX expression by an antisense oligonucleotide. Immunocytochemistry revealed that this antisense oligonucleotide, directed at the area around the start site of the guinea pig NCX1, specifically reduced NCX expression in cultured adult myocytes by 90 +/- 4%. Antisense treatment inhibited evoked NCX activity by 94 +/- 3% and decreased the rise in [Ca2+]i during anoxia/reoxygenation by 95 +/- 3%. These data suggest that NCX is the predominant mechanism mediating Ca2+ overload during anoxia/reoxygenation in guinea-pig ventricular myocytes.
Polymorphisms of industrial strains of<i>saccharomyces</i>yeasts: Genotypic and phenotypic features (2000)

(2000). Polymorphisms of industrial strains of saccharomyces yeasts: Genotypic and phenotypic features. Food Biotechnology: Vol. 14, No. 3, pp. 113-146.