gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Lectins in Plant-Microorganism Interactions (1977)

Highly purified soybean lectin (SBL) was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-SBL) or tritium ((3)H-SBL) and repurified by affinity chromatography. FITC-SBL was found to bind to living cells of 15 of the 22 Rhizobium japonicum strains tested. The lectin did not bind to cells of the other seven R. japonicum strains, or to cells of any of the nine Rhizobium strains tested which do not nodulate soybean. The binding of the lectin to the SBL-positive strains of R. japonicum was shown to be specific and reversible by hapten inhibition with d-galactose or N-acetyl-d-galactosamine.The lectin-binding properties of the SBL-positive R. japonicum strains were found to change substantially with culture age. The percentage of cells in a population exhibiting fluorescence after exposure to FITC-SBL varied between 0 and 70%. The average number of SBL molecules bound per cell varied between 0 and 2 x 10(6). While most strains had their highest percentage of SBL-positive cells and maximum number of SBL-binding sites per cell in the early and midlog phases of growth, one strain had a distinctly different pattern. The SBL-negative strains did not bind lectin at any stage of growth.Quantitative binding studies with (3)H-SBL indicated that the affinity constant for binding of SBL to its receptor sites on R. japonicum is approximately 4 x 10(7)m(-1). Many of the binding curves were biphasic. An inhibitor of SBL binding was found to be present in R. japonicum culture filtrates.
Femtosecond photonic viral inactivation probed using solid-state nanopores (2018)

We report on detection of virus inactivation using femtosecond laser radiation by measuring the\nconductance of a solid state nanopore designed for detecting single particles. Conventional methods\nof assaying for viral inactivation based on plaque forming assays require 24–48 h for bacterial growth.\nNanopore conductance measurements provide information on morphological changes at a single\nvirion level.We show that analysis of a time series of nanopore conductance can quantify the detection\nof inactivation, requiring only a few minutes from collection to analysis. Morphological changes were\nverified by dynamic light scattering. Statistical analysis maximizing the information entropy provides\na measure of the log reduction value. This work provides a rapid method for assaying viral inactivation\nwith femtosecond lasers using solid-state nanopores.
Axial and radial growth of Ni-induced GaN nanowires (2007)

GaN nanowires (NWs) were grown on sapphire by molecular beam epitaxy. NWs form only in the presence of Ni seed particles and only under N-rich conditions. Their length increases linearly with growth time up to about 7.5μm while their diameter remains almost constant. In contrast, a switch to Ga-rich conditions after NW formation results in radial growth, i.e., the NW diameter increases while lengthening is negligible. These results corroborate the fact that the growth of III-V NWs is governed by the accumulation of group-III atoms in the seeds, while group-V species are not preferentially incorporated at the seeds.
Quantum Mechanics of a Macroscopic Variable: The Phase Difference of a Josephson Junction (1988)

Experiments to investigate the quantum behavior of a macroscopic degree of freedom, namely the phase difference across a Josephson tunnel junction, are described. The experiments involve measurements of the escape rate of the junction from its zero voltage state. Low temperature measurements of the escape rate for junctions that are either nearly undamped or moderately damped agree very closely with predictions for macroscopic quantum tunneling, with no adjustable parameters. Microwave spectroscopy reveals quantized energy levels in the potential well of the junction in excellent agreement with quantum-mechanical calculations. The system can be regarded as a "macroscopic nucleus with wires."
Specific DNA Replication Mutations Affect Telomere Length in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

To investigate the relationship between the DNA replication apparatus and the control of telomere length, we examined the effects of several DNA replication mutations on telomere length in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We report that a mutation in the structural gene for the large subunit of DNA replication factor C (cdc44/rfc1) causes striking increases in telomere length. A similar effect is seen with mutations in only one other DNA replication gene: the structural gene for DNA polymerase alpha (cdc17/pol1) (M.J. Carson and L. Hartwell, Cell 42:249-257, 1985). For both genes, the telomere elongation phenotype is allele specific and appears to correlate with the penetrance of the mutations. Furthermore, fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis reveals that those alleles that cause elongation also exhibit a slowing of DNA replication. To determine whether elongation is mediated by telomerase or by slippage of the DNA polymerase, we created cdc17-1 mutants carrying deletions of the gene encoding the RNA component of telomerase (TLC1). cdc17-1 strains that would normally undergo telomere elongation failed to do so in the absence of telomerase activity. This result implies that telomere elongation in cdc17-1 mutants is mediated by the action of telomerase. Since DNA replication involves transfer of the nascent strand from polymerase alpha to replication factor C (T. Tsurimoto and B. Stillman, J. Biol. Chem. 266:1950-1960, 1991; T. Tsurimoto and B. Stillman, J. Biol. Chem. 266:1961-1968, 1991; S. Waga and B. Stillman, Nature [London] 369:207-212, 1994), one possibility is that this step affects the regulation of telomere length.
Workflow-Based Approaches to Neuroimaging Analysis (2007)

Analysis of functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain images requires a complex sequence of data processing steps to proceed from raw image data to the final statistical tests. Neuroimaging researchers have begun to apply workflow-based computing techniques to automate data analysis tasks. This chapter discusses eight major components of workflow management systems (WFMSs): the workflow description language, editor, task modules, data access, verification, client, engine, and provenance, and their implementation in the Fiswidgets neuroimaging workflow system. Neuroinformatics challenges involved in applying workflow techniques in the domain of neuroimaging are discussed.
Plasma Amino Acids and Milk Protein Production by Cows Fed Rumen-Protected Methionine and Lysine (1987)

Eighteen Holstein cows in midlactation were used to study the effectiveness of encapsulated rumen-protected methionine and rumen-protected lysine to deliver methionine and lysine postruminally. The experimental design was a 2 X 2 factorial, a center point, and a control treatment run in a partially balanced, incomplete block design. Treatments were administered over three periods of 3 wk. Cows were fed a blended diet consisting of corn silage, corn, and soybean meal supplemented with five different amounts of rumen-protected methionine and lysine. The amounts of DL-methionine and L-lysine (g/d), respectively, supplied from the encapsulated rumen-protected preparations for the six treatments were 1) 0, 0; 2) 10.40, 18.00; 3) 4.52, 7.82; 4) 16.28, 7.82; 5) 16.28, 28.18; and 6) 4.52, 28.18. In vitro results indicate that amino acids in both of the encapsulated preparations were 94% stable at a pH (5.4), which simulated the rumen, and 94% released at a pH (2.9), which simulated the abomasal environment. A linear increase of plasma methionine and lysine was observed as the amount of methionine and lysine supplied postruminally increased. The concentrations (microgram/ml) of methionine and lysine in plasma for the six treatments were 1) 2.47, 9.05; 2) 3.73, 11.59; 3) 3.60, 11.86; 4) 6.09, 10.45; 5) 5.28, 13.43; and 6) 3.33, 13.27. Rumen-protected lysine increased feed intake, milk yield, and 4% fat-corrected milk production within the surface treatments but had no effect when compared with the unsupplemented control treatment. Rumen-protected methionine and lysine increased production of milk protein. Lysine appeared to improve the utilization of methionine.
Incretin Effects of Increasing Glucose Loads in Man Calculated from Venous Insulin and C-Peptide Responses* (1986)

Integrated insulin secretion rates calculated from peripheral venous C-peptide measurements by two-compartment kinetic analysis were measured in six young normal subjects after increasing oral glucose loads of 25, 50, and 100 g and respective isoglycemic glucose infusions. The differences in B-cell secretory responses between oral and iv glucose challenges were attributed to factors other than glycemia itself (incretin effect). Both insulin and C-peptide concentrations as well as calculated integrated insulin secretion rates increased with increasing oral glucose loads. Due to the similarity in the glucose profiles after all oral loads, almost identical amounts of iv glucose (approximately 20 g) were infused in all "isoglycemic" infusion experiments, with resulting similar hormone profiles and insulin secretion rates. The percent contribution of incretin factors to total immunoreactive insulin responses after 25, 50, and 100 g glucose (85.6%, 74.9%, and 93.0%; response to oral load, 100%) was significantly higher than their contribution to integrated C-peptide responses (27.6-62.9%) or calculated integrated insulin secretion rates (19.2-61.0%). These findings indicate that the degree of incretin stimulation of insulin secretion depends on the amount of glucose ingested. A discrepancy between the estimates of the incretin effect derived from peripheral venous insulin responses, on the one hand, and C-peptide responses or calculated insulin secretion rates, on the other hand, exists. Inasmuch as peripheral insulin values reflect both insulin secretion and hepatic insulin removal, this discrepancy suggests that elimination kinetics of insulin differ between oral and iv glucose administration. This difference can be related to a significantly reduced fractional hepatic insulin extraction after oral (46.9-54.6%) compared to iv (63.4-76.5%) glucose administration when calculated by a three-compartment kinetic model. This reduction in fractional hepatic insulin extraction could be caused by gastrointestinal factors (hormones or nerves) stimulated in the course of glucose ingestion.
Distribution of chromosome length variation in natural isolates of Escherichia coli (1998)

Large-scale variation in chromosome size was analyzed in 35 natural isolates of Escherichia coli by physical mapping with a restriction enzyme whose sites are restricted to rDNA operons. Although the genetic maps and chromosome lengths of the laboratory strains E. coli K12 and Salmonella enterica sv. Typhimurium LT2 are highly congruent, chromosome lengths among natural strains of E. coli can differ by as much as 1 Mb, ranging from 4.5 to 5.5 Mb in length. This variation has been generated by multiple changes dispersed throughout the genome, and these alterations are correlated; i.e., additions to one portion of the chromosome are often accompanied by additions to other chromosomal regions. This pattern of variation is most probably the result of selection acting to maintain equal distances between the replication origin and terminus on each side of the circular chromosome. There is a large phylogenetic component to the observed size variation: natural isolates from certain subgroups of E. coli have consistently larger chromosome, suggesting that much of the additional DNA in larger chromosomes is shared through common ancestry. There is no significant correlation between genome sizes and growth rates, which counters the view that the streamlining of bacterial genomes is a response to selection for faster growth rates in natural populations.
Chemical and Physical Properties of Lubricants and Hydraulic Fluids. (1976)

The method for the determination of the linear flame propagation rates of lubricants and hydraulic fluids has been studied further and has been applied to a variety of samples. A new method for the evaluation of the ignition of organic liquids by hot surfaces has been developed. Data have been obtained for a variety of different samples. The measurement of oxygen absorption rates has been used for the study of the oxidative stabilities of experimental lubricants and hydraulic fluids both in the presence and in the absence of metal catalysts. The chemical and physical properties of various lubricants and hydraulic fluids have been studied. Special emphasis has been directed toward the investigation of properties relevant to the performance of lubricants and hydraulic fluids under conditions of thermal and oxidative stress. (Author)
Ultra thin-wafer technology for a new 600 V-NPT-IGBT (2002)

In this paper the method of manufacturing 100 /spl mu/m thin IGBT wafers is described. The key topic of new deposition processes reducing the bow of very thin wafers is discussed as well as improvements in equipment and wafer handling. These measurements are the basis to realize for the first time 600 V Non-Punch-Through IGBTs with their advantages of cost effective silicon material and a very good trade off relationship between on state voltage and turn off losses. At a similar on state voltage of about 2 V the turn off energy can be halved compared to a state of the art epi IGBT.
Singular-value decomposition of a tomosynthesis system (2010)

Tomosynthesis is an emerging technique with potential to replace mammography, since it gives 3D information at a relatively small increase in dose and cost. We present an analytical singular-value decomposition of a tomosynthesis system, which provides the measurement component of any given object. The method is demonstrated on an example object. The measurement component can be used as a reconstruction of the object, and can also be utilized in future observer studies of tomosynthesis image quality.
Acute effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle force tests in dogs (1991)

Using the mixed type musculus latissimus dorsi of the dog in the present work, we show the effect of carnitine on an in situ fatigue test. L-Carnitine appears to improve force of this muscle by 34% while stimulated in situ. This effect of carnitine is acute and (stereo)specific, since neither D-carnitine nor the structural analogue choline (also a tertiary amine) has a positive effect on contractile force. Because skeletal muscle is rich in carnitine and because carnitine transport is slow, its effect must be exerted outside the striated muscle cells. Insulin (with glucose) administration abolished the carnitine effect. It is speculated that facilitation of fatty acid oxidation in the blood vessel wall is the basis for this positive effect of carnitine.
The Monarch parallel processor hardware design (1990)

The Monarch architecture team took advantage of custom VLSI in the design of a shared-memory parallel processor. The simple structure eases the task of programming a massively parallel machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypocalciuria in Preeclampsia (1987)

We studied 40 women in the third trimester of pregnancy to determine whether alterations in serum calcium levels or in urinary calcium excretion would distinguish patients with preeclampsia from normal pregnant women or women with other forms of gestational hypertension. Our population included 10 normal pregnant women, 5 pregnant women with transient hypertension, 6 with chronic hypertension, 7 with chronic hypertension and superimposed preeclampsia, and 12 with preeclampsia. The serum levels of ionized calcium, phosphate, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D were not different among the various groups. In contrast, the mean (+/- SD) 24-hour urinary calcium excretion in the patients with preeclampsia or hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia was significantly lower (42 +/- 29 and 78 +/- 49 mg) than that in normal pregnant women (313 +/- 140 mg per 24 hours), women with transient hypertension (248 +/- 139 mg per 24 hours), or women with chronic hypertension (223 +/- 41 mg per 24 hours) (P less than 0.0001). The hypocalciuria in the women with preeclampsia was associated with a decreased fractional excretion of calcium. Although the mean creatinine clearance was reduced in the women with preeclampsia, the range of values overlapped with those in the other groups. In contrast, we observed little or no overlap with respect to calcium excretion. We conclude that preeclampsia is associated with hypocalciuria due to increased tubular reabsorption of calcium. Measurement of calcium excretion may be useful in distinguishing preeclampsia from other forms of gestational hypertension.
Protective Effect of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Against Degeneration of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Photoreceptor in Sodium Iodate–Injected Rats (2006)

Our results indicated that an intravitreal injection of HGF provided significant protection against degeneration of the photoreceptor and RPE induced by systemic administration of NaIO3. This suggests that HGF could be used as a therapeutic agent for degeneration of photoreceptors as well as RPE.
GnRH antagonist in assisted reproduction: a Cochrane review (2002)

We concluded that the fixed GnRH antagonist protocol is a short and simple protocol with good clinical outcome, but the lower pregnancy rate compared with the GnRH agonist long protocol and the non-significant difference between both protocols regarding prevention of premature LH surge and prevention of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome necessitates counselling subfertile couples before recommending change from GnRH agonist to antagonist. The clinical outcome may be further improved by developing more flexible antagonist regimens, taking into account individual patient characteristics.
Characterizing cognitive aging of working memory and executive function in animal models (2012)

Executive functions supported by prefrontal cortical (PFC) systems provide essential control and planning mechanisms to guide goal-directed behavior. As such, age-related alterations in executive functions can mediate profound and widespread deficits on a diverse array of neurocognitive processes. Many of the critical neuroanatomical and functional characteristics of prefrontal cortex are preserved in rodents, allowing for meaningful cross species comparisons relevant to the study of cognitive aging. In particular, as rodents lend themselves to genetic, cellular and biochemical approaches, rodent models of executive function stand to significantly contribute to our understanding of the critical neurobiological mechanisms that mediate decline of executive processes across the lifespan. Moreover, rodent analogs of executive functions that decline in human aging represent an essential component of a targeted, rational approach for developing and testing effective treatment and prevention therapies for age-related cognitive decline. This paper reviews behavioral approaches used to study executive function in rodents, with a focus on those assays that share a foundation in the psychological and neuroanatomical constructs important for human aging. A particular emphasis is placed on behavioral approaches used to assess working memory and cognitive flexibility, which are sensitive to decline with age across species and for which strong rodent models currently exist. In addition, other approaches in rodent behavior that have potential for providing analogs to functions that reliably decline to human aging (e.g., information processing speed) are discussed.
A Global Immune Deficit in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment Disclosed by a Novel Data Mining Process (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, while mild cognitive impairment (MCI) causes a slight but measurable decline in cognitive abilities. A person with MCI has an increased risk of developing AD or another dementia. Thus, it is of medical interest to develop predictive tools to assess this risk. A growing awareness exists that pro-oxidative state and neuro-inflammation are both involved in AD. However, the extent of this relationship is still a matter of debate. Due to the expected non-linear correlations between oxidative and inflammatory markers, traditional statistics is unsuitable to dissect their relationship with the disease. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by central nervous system networks, capable of machine learning and pattern recognition. The aim of this work was to disclose the relationship between immunological and oxidative stress markers in AD and MCI by the application of ANNs. Through a machine learning approach, we were able to construct an algorithm to classify MCI and AD with high accuracy. Such an instrument, requiring a small amount of immunological and oxidative-stress parameters, would be useful in the clinical practice. Moreover, applying an innovative non-linear mathematical technique, a global immune deficit was shown to be associated with cognitive impairment. Surprisingly, both adaptive and innate immunity were peripherally defective in AD and MCI patients. From this study, new pathogenetic aspects of these diseases could emerge.
Multiple roles and women's mental health in Canada (2003)

Health Issue: Research on the relationship between women's social roles and mental health has been equivocal.Although a greater number of roles often protect mental health, certain combinations can lead to strain.Our study explored the moderating affects of different role combinations on women's mental health by examining associations with socioeconomic status and differences in women's distress (depressive symptoms, personal stress (role strain) and chronic stress (role strain plus environmental stressors).Key Findings: Women with children, whether single or partnered, had a higher risk of personal stress.Distress, stress and chronic stress levels of mothers, regardless of employment, or marital status, are staggeringly high.Single, unemployed mothers were significantly more likely than all other groups to experience financial stress and food insecurity.For partnered mothers, rates of personal stress and chronic stress were significantly lower among unemployed partnered mothers.Married and partnered mothers reported better mental health than their single counterparts.Lone, unemployed mothers were twice as likely to report a high level of distress compared with other groups.Lone mothers, regardless of employment status, were more likely to report high personal and chronic stress.Data Gaps and Recommendations: National health surveys need to collect more data on the characteristics of women's work environment and their care giving responsibilities.Questions on household composition should include inter-generational households, same sex couples and multifamily arrangements.Data disaggregation by ethno-racial background would be helpful.Data should be collected on perceived quality of domestic and partnership roles and division of labours. Note* Because of insufficient sample sizes we were unable to disaggregate the data by province.