gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of light quality on rosmarinic acid content and antioxidant activity of sweet basil, Ocimum basilicum L. (2009)

Rosmarinic acid (RA), one of the main phenolic compounds in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), has antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory pharmacological properties. As recent studies have shown that UV-B and blue light irradiation stimulate phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, we determined whether light conditions affect RA content and antioxidant activity. Both antioxidant activity and phenolic content were increased by continuous white light irradiation. Ultra performance liquid chromatography analysis of the phenolic content of a methanolic extract of sweet basil revealed the presence of RA, caffeic acid and chicoric acid. Red and white light irradiation induced RA accumulation up to a level of 6 mg g−1 fresh weight within 14 days, whereas blue light irradiation only induced RA accumulation up to a level of 3 mg g−1 fresh weight, suggesting that the red wavelength at 600–700 nm in both white and red irradiation promoted the RA accumulation. In addition, RA accumulation was dependent on the irradiation period and was greater in the upper leaves than in the lower leaves. These results indicate that continuous white light is effective in increasing the RA content of basil, which results in high antioxidant activity.
Tumor Necrosis Factor α Induces Spermidine/Spermine N1-Acetyltransferase through Nuclear Factor κBin Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2006)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) is a potent pleiotropic cytokine produced by many cells in response to inflammatory stress. The molecular mechanisms responsible for the multiple biological activities of TNFalpha are due to its ability to activate multiple signal transduction pathways, including nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), which plays critical roles in cell proliferation and survival. TNFalpha displays both apoptotic and antiapoptotic properties, depending on the nature of the stimulus and the activation status of certain signaling pathways. Here we show that TNFalpha can lead to the induction of NFkappaB signaling with a concomitant increase in spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) expression in A549 and H157 non-small cell lung cancer cells. Induction of SSAT, a stress-inducible gene that encodes a rate-limiting polyamine catabolic enzyme, leads to lower intracellular polyamine contents and has been associated with decreased cell growth and increased apoptosis. Stable overexpression of a mutant, dominant negative IkappaBalpha protein led to the suppression of SSAT induction by TNFalpha in these cells, thereby substantiating a role of NFkappaB in the induction of SSAT by TNFalpha. SSAT promoter deletion constructs led to the identification of three potential NFkappaB response elements in the SSAT gene. Electromobility shift assays, chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments and mutational studies confirmed that two of the three NFkappaB response elements play an important role in the regulation of SSAT in response to TNFalpha. The results of these studies indicate that a common mediator of inflammation can lead to the induction of SSAT expression by activating the NFkappaB signaling pathway in non-small cell lung cancer cells.
Deictic codes for the embodiment of cognition (1997)

To describe phenomena that occur at different time scales, computational models of the brain must incorporate different levels of abstraction. At time scales of approximately 1/3 of a second, orienting movements of the body play a crucial role in cognition and form a useful computational level--more abstract than that used to capture natural phenomena but less abstract than what is traditionally used to study high-level cognitive processes such as reasoning. At this "embodiment level," the constraints of the physical system determine the nature of cognitive operations. The key synergy is that at time scales of about 1/3 of a second, the natural sequentiality of body movements can be matched to the natural computational economies of sequential decision systems through a system of implicit reference called deictic in which pointing movements are used to bind objects in the world to cognitive programs. This target article focuses on how deictic binding make it possible to perform natural tasks. Deictic computation provides a mechanism for representing the essential features that link external sensory data with internal cognitive programs and motor actions. One of the central features of cognition, working memory, can be related to moment-by-moment dispositions of body features such as eye movements and hand movements.
Synthesis and photovoltaic performance of donor–acceptor polymers containing benzo[1,2‐<i>b</i>:4,5‐<i>b</i>′]dithiophene with thienyl substituents (2013)

ABSTRACT Three alternating donor–acceptor copolymers have been synthesized by Stille coupling polymerization of 2,6‐(trimethyltin)−4,8‐ bis (5‐dodecylthiophene‐2‐yl)benzo[1,2‐ b :4,5‐ b ′]dithiophene with 1,3‐dibromo‐5‐hexylthieno[3,4‐ c ]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione, 4,7‐dibromo‐1,3‐benzothiadiazole, and 5,7‐dibromo‐2,3‐didodecylthieno[3,4‐ b ]pyrazine, respectively. The synthesized polymers were tested in bulk heterojunction solar cells as blends with the acceptor [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). The thienopyrroledione copolymer displayed a power conversion efficiency of 3.00% which was increased to 3.86% by application of the additive 1,8‐diiodooctane (DIO). Tapping mode atomic force microscopy analysis indicated that there was an increase in the phase separation between polymer and PCBM, leading to an improvement in the performance upon the addition of DIO. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 2622–2630
Participatory Sensing in Commerce: Using Mobile Camera Phones to Track Market Price Dispersion (2008)

In economics, price dispersion refers to the price difference of a homogeneous good across different vendors. According to [1] “The empirical evidence suggests that price dispersion in both online and offline markets is sizeable, pervasive, and persistent. ” Not surprisingly, there exist several popular web commerce sites such as Froogle that enable users to track consumer pricing information in online markets. In this paper, we present and explore our vision that participatory sensing can be employed in this new application domain to track price dispersion in homogeneous consumer goods even in offline markets. We discuss two proof-of-concept participatory mobile camera-phone sensing systems that we have built: (1) automating fuel price collection, and (2) semi-automated scanning of receipts. I.
Cloning of the complete coding region for human protein phosphatase inhibitor 2 using the two hybrid system and expression of inhibitor 2 in <i>E. coli</i> (1994)

The yeast two hybrid system has been employed to identify cDNAs encoding proteins which interact with the gamma 1 isoform of human protein phosphatase 1. Here we report the isolation of cDNA encoding human protein phosphatase inhibitor. The deduced human sequence of 205 amino acids shows 92% identity to inhibitor 2 from rabbit. Human inhibitor 2 was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. The expressed human protein inhibited both native and bacterially expressed PP1, with the same Ki (1 nM) as inhibitor 2 purified from skeletal muscle. A gene or pseudogene for inhibitor 2 may be present near the major histocompatibility complex on chromosome 6.
Tandem Ligation of Unprotected Peptides through Thiaprolyl and Cysteinyl Bonds in Water (2001)

Tandem ligation for the synthesis and modification of proteins entails forming two or more regiospecific amide bonds of multiple free peptide segments without a protecting-group scheme. We here describe a semi-orthogonal strategy for ligating three unprotected peptide segments, two of which contain N-terminal (NT) cysteine, to form in tandem two amide bonds, an Xaa-SPro (thiaproline), and then an Xaa-Cys. This strategy exploits the strong preference of an NT-cysteinyl peptide under acidic conditions to undergo selectively an SPro-imine ligation rather than a Cys-thioester ligation. Operationally, it was performed in the N --> C direction, first by an imine ligation at pH < 3 to afford an Xaa-thiazolidine ester bond between a peptide containing a carboxyl terminal (CT)-glycoaldehyde ester and a second peptide containing both an NT-Cys and a CT-thioester. The newly created O-ester-linked segment with a CT-thioester was then ligated to another NT-cysteinyl peptide through thioester ligation at pH > 7 to form an Xaa-Cys bond. Concurrently, this basic condition also catalyzed the O,N-acyl migration of an Xaa-thiazolidine ester to the Xaa-SPro bond at the first ligation site to complete the tandem three-segment ligation. Both ligation reactions were performed in aqueous buffered solvents. The effectiveness of this three-segment ligation strategy was tested in six peptides ranging from 19 to 70 amino acids, including thiaproline --> proline analogues of somatostatins and two CC-chemokines. The thiaproline replacements in these peptides and proteins did not result in altered biological activity. By eliminating the protecting-group scheme and coupling reagents, tandem ligation of multiple free peptide segments in aqueous solutions enhances the scope of protein synthesis and may provide a useful approach for combinatorial segment synthesis.
Counterpoint: Visceral Adiposity Is Not Causally Related to Insulin Resistance (2005)

It has been known for over half a century that accumulation of fat in the upper body is associated with metabolic complications of obesity. The mechanism responsible for this association is widely believed to be insulin resistance, which is frequently present in individuals with upper-body obesity (1) and is associated with increased cardiovascular risk (2). The upper-body obesity phenotype is accompanied by increased free fatty acid (FFA) flux and concentration, whereas individuals with predominantly lower-body obesity tend to have normal FFA kinetics (3). Increased FFA concentrations, in turn, are thought to be a major mediator of insulin resistance (4) and have been shown to cause endothelial dysfunction (5), impair pancreatic β-cell function (6), and acutely raise blood pressure (7). Increased delivery of FFA to skeletal muscle can result in insulin resistance in that tissue, either directly or via accumulation of increased intramyocellular triglyceride stores (8). Similarly, increased delivery of FFA to the liver may be responsible for hepatic insulin resistance (9), accumulation of intrahepatocellular triglyceride (10), and increased synthesis and secretion of VLDL (11). Hormone-sensitive lipase in adipocytes is exquisitely sensitive to the antilipolytic effect of insulin in lean healthy individuals (12). However, impaired insulin suppression of adipose tissue lipolysis is a feature of, and may even be the primary cause of, insulin resistance (13). To our knowledge, insulin resistance has not been reported in individuals with normal sensitivity to the antilipolytic effects of insulin.

The degree of upper-body obesity can be estimated by measurement of waist circumference, which is predictive of cardiovascular risk (14). However, nonobese individuals exhibit considerable variability in insulin sensitivity (15) that is not necessarily explained by differences in waist circumference (16). It is possible that differences in the distribution of upper-body fat could explain variability in insulin sensitivity at a given BMI and a given …
Cooperative localization of vehicles sharing GNSS pseudoranges corrections with no base station using set inversion (2016)

Fully distributed localization methods with no central server are relevant for autonomous vehicles that need real-time cooperation. In this paper, mobile vehicles share estimates of GNSS pseudoranges common errors also known as biases. The biases that affect the pseudoranges are mainly due to signal propagation and inaccurate ephemeris data. By describing the measurements models as geometric constraints on intervals, cooperative localization turns into distributed set inversion problem. The solution of this problem is guaranteed to contain the true vehicles positions. We consider vehicles which cooperate and exchange information in order to improve the absolute and relative estimation by fusing pseudoranges corrections shared between them. Results using real measurements are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach in comparison with a standalone method.
Unrelated Illumination Approach for the Reconstruction of Three-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Dielectric Bodies (1998)

Abstract The unrelated illumination method is used to estimate the complex permittivities of three-dimensional inhomogeneous dielectric bodies. Starting from the integral representation of the electric field and using the method of moments, the object under investigation is illuminated by a group of unrelated incident fields. Computer simulations show that the method can be used to overcome the severe ill-posedness of the three-dimensional problem even in the presence of noise and with the use of only one detector to measure the external scattered field. The accuracy of the method is tested for various contrasts, number of scatterers and different cell sizes. The method is further tested using a model for the human head and a 180-cell model of the human body and very accurate reconstruction is obtained.
[Clinical aspects of the complement system]. (2006)

The complement system consists of more than 30 proteins and has 3 types of activation pathways: classical, lectin and alternative pathways. The complement system not only has a role in innate immunity but also works as an antibody-dependent effecter to eliminate pathogens. It is useful to measure serum levels of CH50, C3 and C4 in patients with immune-mediated diseases. While increased levels of CH50 are associated with non-specific inflammation, decreased levels of CH50 in combination with normal or decreased levels of C3 and C4 are associated with specific immune-mediated diseases. Recent studies have demonstrated that the defect in the clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells is associated with autoimmune disease. Mice deficient in Clq show a lupus-like phenotype with the appearance of antinuclear antibodies and glomerulonephritis due to a defect in the clearance of immune complexes and apoptotic cells. This at least explains the paradox that, in humans, deficiency in an early complement component is a major risk factor for SLE. It is demonstrated that mutations in factor H, membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and factor I gene are associated with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome. Since the complement system is a central mediator of inflammation, it is recognized as a promising therapeutic target. Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody was developed to block the final stage of complement activation. Pexelizumab is a single chain, short-acting anti-C5 antibody and is used for reperfusion after myocardial infarction, or for coronary artery bypass graft surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. Eculizumab is a long-acting anti-C5 antibody used for paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, rheumatoid arthritis, membranous glomerulonephritis with promising results.
The tomato genome sequence provides insights into fleshy fruit evolution (2012)

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is a major crop plant and a model system for fruit development. Solanum is one of the largest angiosperm genera and includes annual and perennial plants from diverse habitats. Here we present a high-quality genome sequence of domesticated tomato, a draft sequence of its closest wild relative, Solanum pimpinellifolium, and compare them to each other and to the potato genome (Solanum tuberosum). The two tomato genomes show only 0.6% nucleotide divergence and signs of recent admixture, but show more than 8% divergence from potato, with nine large and several smaller inversions. In contrast to Arabidopsis, but similar to soybean, tomato and potato small RNAs map predominantly to gene-rich chromosomal regions, including gene promoters. The Solanum lineage has experienced two consecutive genome triplications: one that is ancient and shared with rosids, and a more recent one. These triplications set the stage for the neofunctionalization of genes controlling fruit characteristics, such as colour and fleshiness.
Synthesis of 4‐chloro‐7‐ethoxy‐2(3<i>H</i>)‐benzoxazolone‐6‐carboxylic acid (1996)

Abstract As a part of metabolic studies of mosapride ( 1 ), a potential gastroprokinetic agent, the synthesis of 4‐chloro‐7‐ethoxy‐2(3 H )‐benzoxazolone‐6‐carboxylic acid ( 7 ) as a derivative of 4‐amino‐5‐chloro‐2‐ethoxy‐3‐hydroxybenzoic acid ( 6 ), which has served a benzoic acid part of the metabolites 4 and 5 , is described. Treatment of methyl 3‐amino‐4‐substituted amino‐5‐chloro‐2‐ethoxybenzoate derivatives 11a‐c with sodium nitrate in acidic medium gave the benzotriazole derivatives 13x,y instead of the objective 3‐hydroxy counterpart. The synthesis of 7 started from o ‐vanillin acetate ( 15 ) and proceeded through the intermediates 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methoxy‐4‐nitrobenzaldehyde ( 18 ), methyl 4‐amino‐2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate ( 23 ), and methyl 7‐hydroxy‐2(3 H )‐benzoxazolone‐6‐carboxylate ( 30 ). Compound 30 was alternatively prepared from 23 via methyl 4‐ethoxycarbonylamino‐2‐ethoxycarbonyloxy‐3‐hydroxybenzoate ( 29 ), which is the product resulting from the migration of the ethoxycarbonyl group of methyl 4‐amino‐2,3‐diethoxycar‐bonyloxybenzoate ( 27 ).
Nickel Catalysts Supported on MgO/Smectite-Type Nanocomposites for Methane Reforming (2005)

Abstract MgO-clay nanocomposites were prepared from a synthetic smectite-type clay, TS, using three different non-ionic surfactants (Igepal CA-720, Brij 30 and Brij 56) and the resulting clay nanocomposites were impregnated with Ni for the methane reforming reaction with carbon dioxide to synthesis gas. A Ni/TS catalyst was also prepared for comparison. The prepared supports and catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, thermogravimetric analysis and N 2 adsorption/desorption isotherms. The thermal stability, pore structure and the surface area strongly influence the catalytic behavior of the catalysts. The methane conversions (at 700°C for 4 h) were 91, 95 and 97% for Ni/TSIGE, Ni/TSBR30 and Ni/TSBR56, respectively, indicating that the surface properties and the catalytic performance of the resulting solids slightly improved as the polyethylene oxide number of the surfactant increased. A reduced conversion (10%) and a rapid deactivation was observed in the Ni/TS catalyst, attributed to its Na content and low thermal stability, which led to sintering and coke deposition.
A new imaging model (2002)

This paper has been prompted by observations of some anomalies in the performance of the standard imaging models (pin-hole, thin-lens and Gaussian thicklens), in the context of composing omnifocus images and estimating depth maps from a sequence of images. A closer examination of the models revealed that they assume a position of the aperture that conflicts with the designs of many available lenses. We have shown in this paper that the imaging geometry and photometric properties of an image are significantly influenced by the position of the aperture. This is confirmed by the discrepancies between observed mappings and those predicted by the models. We have therefore concluded that the current imaging models do not adequately represent practical imaging systems. We have proposed a new imaging model which overcomes these deficiencies and have given the associated mappings. The impact of this model on some common imaging scenarios is described, along with experimental verification of the better performance of the model on three real lenses.
The Spontaneous Deposition of Au on Pt (111) and Polycrystalline Pt (2016)

Gold is epitaxially grown by spontaneous deposition (SD) on Pt(111) and Pt[poly]. It has been demonstrated that in the system of interest the SD takes place as a hybrid process, consisting of the potential-controlled reduction of an adsorbed [AuCl4]− complex along with an electroless reduction of the same complex coupled with Pt surface oxidation over the course of adsorption. This hybrid deposition process is shown to promote an outstanding layer-by-layer growth mode on Pt(111) that involves the formation of smooth films with virtually no surface roughness increase. This finding is seconded by in-situ STM experiments demonstrating that the SD of Au on Au(111) leads to similar growth results. In addition, an adlattice structure of r19.1° is determined for the [AuCl4]− adsorbate on Au (111) suggesting a theoretical deposited amount of about 15% Au surface coverage per SD cycle. It has been shown that a Pt(111) substrate is completely masked after five cycles of SD followed by layer densification in continuity development. It has also been shown that the Au amount deposited specifically through the electroless route can be controlled by the amount of initial Pt oxidation, the concentration of dissolved O2, and the duration of [AuCl4]− adsorption process.
Mechanical Property of Cable-pylon Anchorage Zone of Cable-stayed Bridge with Steel Box Girder (2007)

Based on t he Hongdao Channel Bridge of Qingdao Bay Bridge , the configurationd. The contact stress betweeny mechanics method. The mechanical property of cable-e under the composite effect of the worst load was discussed by the finitealyzed withl result reveals that the maximal Vonn the anchor hole of ear plate under the composite effect ofad. The ultimate bearing capacity of cable-pylon wit h steel box girder is 5. 02 times ofugh safety reservation.
Pitch modification based on syllable units for voice morphing system (2007)

An innovative scheme of voice morphing is proposed to make the speech of a source speaker sound like uttered by a target speaker. The morphing technique can hide people 's identity, age, gender while chatting and doing other things related to the transformation of speech streams online, which can ensure the privacy on the prevalent internet. Speaker individuality transformation is achieved by altering the spectral envelope and estimating the excitation signal by modifying the fundamental pitch frequency in syllable units of the residual signal of the source speech based on linear prediction coding (LPC) model. The main advantage of this scheme relies in the aspect of having considered the dynamic characteristic of the pitch frequency, not just focusing on the average level, which enhances the performance of the whole conversion system compared with general concepts such as discrete pitch frequency mapping and so on. Moreover, in the aspect of the alignment of line spectral frequencies (LSFs) vectors, an advanced technique based on isolated syllables rather than the general dynamic time warping algorithm (DTW) is introduced. The experimental results show that the system is capable of effectively transforming speaker identity whilst the converted speech maintains high quality.
Controlled multiple neutral planes by low elastic modulus adhesive for flexible organic photovoltaics (2017)

To protect brittle layers in organic photovoltaic devices, the mechanical neutral plane strategy can be adopted through placing the brittle functional materials close to the neutral plane where stress and strain are zero during bending. However, previous research has been significantly limited in the location and number of materials to protect through using a single neutral plane. In this study, multiple neutral planes are generated using low elastic modulus adhesives and are controlled through quantitative analyses in order to protect the multiple brittle materials at various locations. Moreover, the protection of multiple brittle layers at various locations under both concave and convex bending directions is demonstrated. Multilayer structures that have soft adhesives are further analyzed using the finite element method analysis in order to propose guidelines for structural design when employing multiple neutral planes.