gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring Acoustic Attenuation of Polymer Materials Using Drop Ball Test (2013)

Polymers are often used for vibration damping and energy absorption. The effect of a material in reducing the strength of sound waves traveling through it is called acoustic attenuation. In the past, attenuation has mostly been evaluated in the MHz frequency range, using a pulse generator and transmitting transducer as the wave source. However, most real acoustic activities occur at frequencies up to a few hundred kHz. Here, a simple drop ball mechanism is used to generate acoustic source waves in the kHz range, and the attenuation capacities of several solid materials are measured. The recorded waveforms substantially differ between materials. The results show that among the tested polymers, epoxy attenuates the least, rubbers the most, while polyethylene and polyester are also excellent attenuating materials. The drop ball mechanism is controllable and consistent which may be used for other impact or acoustic emission testing. The effect of mixing in additives for the attenuation capacity of epoxy is also investigated.
Computationally motivated synthesis and enzyme kinetic evaluation of N-(β-<scp>d</scp>-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolecarboxamides as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors (2014)

<italic>N</italic>-(β-<sc>d</sc>-Glucopyranosyl)-1,2,4-triazolecarboxamides discovered as low μM inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase b.
Contagious itch in humans: a study of visual ‘transmission’ of itch in atopic dermatitis and healthy subjects (2011)

Human susceptibility to develop itch when exposed to visual cues is confirmed; it appears to be amplified in patients with AD. These findings suggest that interpersonal social cues can dramatically alter the subjective sensory experience of itch.
Synthesis of a Novel Bisphosphonic Acid Alkene Monomer (2010)

The convenient, scaleable synthesis of a novel ⟨-fluorinated bisphosphonic acid, incorporating a tethered acrylamide monomer, [1-fluoro-1-phosphono-7-(prop-2-enamido)heptyl]phosphonic acid (1), is described. The α–fluorine substituent offers the advantage (compared to an α–hydroxy) of compatibility with basic conditions in tetraester intermediates (avoiding phosphonate-phosphate rearrangement) while maintaining a phosphonic acidity that mimics that of pyrophosphoric acid. Sodio tetraisopropyl methylenebis(phosphonate) was monoalkylated with 1,6-dibromohexane and fluorinated with Selectfluor. An ω-nitrogen atom was introduced into the tether via incorporation of a phthalimide group, which as a UV-visible chromophore facilitated purification. Subsequent removal of the ester (HCl) and phthalimide (hydrazine) groups yielded ⟨–F, ω-aminohexyl methylenebis(phosphonic acid), which was reacted with acryloyl chloride at pH 8-9, then treated with HCl to give 1.
Matching and reconstruction of brachytherapy seeds using the Hungarian algorithm (MARSHAL) (2005)

<b>Purpose:</b> Intraoperative dosimetric quality assurance in prostate brachytherapy critically depends on discerning the 3D locations of implanted seeds. The ability to reconstruct the implanted seeds intraoperatively will allow us to make immediate provisions for dosimetric deviations from the optimal implant plan. A method for seed reconstruction from segmented C-arm fluoroscopy images is proposed. <b>Method:</b> The 3D coordinates of the implanted seeds can be calculated upon resolving the correspondence of seeds in multiple X-ray images. We formalize seed-matching as a network flow problem, which has salient features: (a) extensively studied exact solutions, (b) performance claims on the space-time complexity, (c) optimality bounds on the final solution. A fast implementation is realized using the Hungarian algorithm. <b>Results:</b> We prove that two images can correctly match only about 67% of the seeds, and that a third image renders the matching problem to be of non-polynomial complexity. We utilize the special structure of the problem and propose a pseudo-polynomial time algorithm. Using three images, MARSHAL achieved 100% matching in simulation experiments; and 98.5% in phantom experiments. 3D reconstruction error for correctly matched seeds has a mean of 0:63 <i>mm</i>, and 0:91 <i>mm</i> for incorrectly matched seeds. <b>Conclusion:</b> Both on synthetic data and in phantom experiments, matching rate and reconstruction accuracy were found to be sufficient for prostate brachytherapy. The algorithm is extendable to deal with arbitrary number of images without loss in speed or accuracy. The algorithm is sufficiently generic to be used for establishing correspondences across any choice of features in different imaging modalities.
Linkage of a Cardiac Arrhythmia, the Long QT Syndrome, and the Harvey <i>ras</i> -1 Gene (1991)

Genetic factors contribute to heart disease. In this study, linkage analyses have been performed in a family that is predisposed to sudden death from cardiac arrhythmias, the long QT syndrome (LQT). A DNA marker at the Harvey ras-1 locus (H-ras-1) was linked to LQT with a logarithm of the likelihood ratio for linkage (lod score) of 16.44 at theta = 0, which confirms the genetic basis of this trait and localizes this gene to the short arm of chromosome 11. As no recombination was observed between LQT and H-ras-1, and there is a physiological rationale for its involvement in this disease, ras becomes a candidate for the disease locus.
Effect of miR-23 on Oxidant-Induced Injury in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells (2011)

The protection of RPE cells against oxidative damage is afforded by miR-23a through regulation of Fas, which may be a novel therapeutic target in retinal degenerative diseases.
An adaptive short-time frequency domain algorithm for blind separation of nonstationary convolved mixtures (2002)

We present a frequency domain algorithm derived for windowed-adaptive blind separation of convolved sources. Signal separation (filtering) is performed in short-time-windowed-frequency domain in terms of a finite filter length L obtaining faster convergence and better performance compared with the strictly time domain algorithms. In order to avoid the whitening effect the recurrent neural network, similar to the one proposed by Back and Tsoi (1994), is employed. A statistical independence test is done in time domain in order to determine the relative time-varying effect and solve the permutation indeterminacy problem. Corrections of the learning rules are introduced, which show to improve separation performance significantly. Additionally, the results developed by Amari et al. (2000) for the instantaneous mixtures are applied making learning equations computationally more efficient. To resolve the permutation problems the neural network outputs algorithm developed by Markowitz and Szu (1999) is applied.
pH-Responsive Guest Binding of Polypeptide Containing a Cyclodextrin at the Terminal (1994)

Abstract Poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate-co-l-glutamic acid) containing a β-cyclodextrin at the terminal (MG/GA-CyD) was prepared and the relationship investigated between the conformation of the polypeptide and inclusion capability of the β-cyclodextrin by circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy in aqueous solution containing 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) as a guest molecule. The terminal β-cyclodextrin of MG/GA-CyD could not include ANS at higher pH, where the polypeptide almost formed a random coil. This was attributed to the terminal β-cyclodextrin being concealed in the random coil of the polypeptide. At low pH, however, random coil-to-α-helix transition of the polypeptide exposed the terminal β-cyclodextrin to the aqueous phase resulting in the ANS-inclusion capability. These results imply that control of the polypeptide conformation leads to conformational switched guest binding of the terminal cyclodextrin.
Effect of Calcium Ion Concentrations on Osteogenic Differentiation and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche-Related Protein Expression in Osteoblasts (2010)

Apatite biomaterials have potential not only as cell vehicles for engineering bone tissue but also as regulators of calcium (Ca) concentration in situ for controlling osteoblast functions, for example, osteogenic differentiation and fate management of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). To design apatite materials having optimal chemical properties for the latter purpose, more detailed investigations into what effect Ca concentrations have on osteoblast functions is crucial. In this study, osteoblasts were cultured at different Ca concentrations, and the temporal alterations in osteogenic differentiation and HSC niche-related protein (angiopoietin-1, 2 [Ang1, 2]) expression were investigated. The different Ca concentrations (1.8-50 mmol/L) in the cell culture medium had no effect on the proliferation of osteoblasts, but did on the cell morphology. The higher Ca concentrations (<6 mmol/L) enhanced the mineralization as well as Ang1 expression. In addition, Ang1 expression in osteoblasts showed higher correlation with expression of connexin43, the major marker of cell-cell interactions, whereas Ang2 related to integrin beta1, the major marker of cell-matrix interactions. Thus, the local Ca concentration regulates cell morphology through the cell-cell or cell-matrix interactions, leading to the alteration of Ang1 expression in osteoblasts. Since these changes triggered by Ca are concerned with the osteogenic differentiation or reproduction of HSCs niche microenvironment, the results obtained in this study might be useful for designing apatite materials with optimal chemical properties.
Angular coherence in ultrasound imaging: Theory and applications (2017)

The popularity of plane-wave transmits at multiple transmit angles for synthetic transmit aperture (or coherent compounding) has spawned a number of adaptations and new developments of ultrasonic imaging. However, the coherence properties of backscattered signals with plane-wave transmits at different angles are unknown and may impact a subset of these techniques. To provide a framework for the analysis of the coherence properties of such signals, this article introduces the angular coherence theory in medical ultrasound imaging. The theory indicates that the correlation function of such signals forms a Fourier transform pair with autocorrelation function of the receive aperture function. This conclusion can be considered as an extended form of the van Cittert Zernike theorem. The theory is validated with simulation and experimental results obtained on speckle targets. On the basis of the angular coherence of the backscattered wave, a new short-lag angular coherence beamformer is proposed and compared with an existing spatial-coherence-based beamformer. An application of the theory in phase shift estimation and speed of sound estimation is also presented.
Reengineering DoD through enterprise-wide migration to open systems (1996)

The Department of Defense cannot afford to develop and deploy information systems that have no growth potential. Legacy systems must be replaced with flexible, highly interoperable systems that produce high residual values. With shrinking budgets, depreciation of existing hardware, and rising maintenance of legacy systems, organizations must deploy systems that are capable of evolving with changing business requirements. The Department of Defense enterprise vision for information management (IM) emphasizes integration, interoperability, flexibility, and efficiency through the development of a common, multipurpose, standards-based technical infrastructure. This vision requires a new paradigm for building information systems. The new paradigm relies on open systems, which make it easier, less expensive, and faster to develop and change applications and to employ new technology features. This research examines open systems and provides a strategy for organizations to migrate to them. A case study of the Naval Postgraduate School illustrates the strategy. Provisionally, a prototype application models the desired characteristics of an open system.
Fault-Tolerant Networks for Electronic Textiles. (2004)

Abstract — Given the dynamic and harsh environments of electronic textile applications, particularly wearable computers and large-scale sensor networks, fault-tolerance is necessary. The interconnection network should route around faults in communication links and processing nodes. The mechanisms of error detection and route change decisions will be presented. Simulation results of the full network are reported. Index Terms — Fault-tolerance, interconnection networks, e-textiles, token rings I.
Heterocellular gene signatures reveal luminal-A breast cancer heterogeneity and differential therapeutic responses (2019)

Breast cancer is a highly heterogeneous disease. Although differences between intrinsic breast cancer subtypes have been well studied, heterogeneity within each subtype, especially luminal-A cancers, requires further interrogation to personalize disease management. Here, we applied well-characterized and cancer-associated heterocellular signatures representing stem, mesenchymal, stromal, immune, and epithelial cell types to breast cancer. This analysis stratified the luminal-A breast cancer samples into five subtypes with a majority of them enriched for a subtype (stem-like) that has increased stem and stromal cell gene signatures, representing potential luminal progenitor origin. The enrichment of immune checkpoint genes and other immune cell types in two (including stem-like) of the five heterocellular subtypes of luminal-A tumors suggest their potential response to immunotherapy. These immune-enriched subtypes of luminal-A tumors (containing only estrogen receptor positive samples) showed good or intermediate prognosis along with the two other differentiated subtypes as assessed using recurrence-free and distant metastasis-free patient survival outcomes. On the other hand, a partially differentiated subtype of luminal-A breast cancer with transit-amplifying colon-crypt characteristics showed poor prognosis. Furthermore, published luminal-A subtypes associated with specific somatic copy number alterations and mutations shared similar cellular and mutational characteristics to colorectal cancer subtypes where the heterocellular signatures were derived. These heterocellular subtypes reveal transcriptome and cell-type based heterogeneity of luminal-A and other breast cancer subtypes that may be useful for additional understanding of the cancer type and potential patient stratification and personalized medicine.
An approach for testing programmable/configurable field programmable gate arrays (2002)

This paper presents a new general technique for testing field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) by fully exploiting their programmable and configurable characteristics. A hybrid fault model is introduced based on a physical and behavioral characterization; this permits the detection of a single fault, as either a stuck-at or a functional fault. A general approach which regards testing as can application for the reconfigurable FPGA, is then proposed. It is shown that different arrangements of disjoint one-dimensional arrays with unilateral horizontal connections and common vertical input lines provide a very good solution. A further feature that is considered for array testing, is the relation between the configuration of the logic blocks and the number of I/O pins in the chip. As an example, the proposed approach is applied for testing the Xilinz 4000 family of FPGAs.
Oxidation of Dibenzothiophenes in an Organic Biphasic System and Its Application to Oxidative Desulfurization of Light Oil (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTOxidation of Dibenzothiophenes in an Organic Biphasic System and Its Application to Oxidative Desulfurization of Light OilKazumasa Yazu, Yorihiro Yamamoto, Takeshi Furuya, Keiji Miki, and Koji UkegawaView Author Information Institute for Energy Utilization, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8569, Japan, and Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan Cite this: Energy Fuels 2001, 15, 6, 1535–1536Publication Date (Web):October 17, 2001Publication History Received26 June 2001Revised5 September 2001Published online17 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef0101412https://doi.org/10.1021/ef0101412rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1093Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Light,Lipids,Oxidation,Oxides,Sulfur Get e-Alerts
TERNARY SYSTEMS: WATER, ISOPROPANOL AND SALTS AT 25° (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTERNARY SYSTEMS: WATER, ISOPROPANOL AND SALTS AT 25°P. M. Ginnings and Zok Tsung. ChenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 10, 3765–3769Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01361a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01361a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
GM-CSF Produced by Recombinant Vaccinia Virus or in GM-CSF Transgenic Mice Has No Effect In vivo on Murine Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (1988)

The hemopoietic growth and differentiation regulators, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and the multipotential stimulating factor (multi-CSF) have been shown to have major effects on the effector function of mature macrophages. In this study we have examined the effect of recombinant GM-CSF and multi-CSF expressed transiently from recombinant vaccinia virus, or constitutively in GM-CSF transgenic mice on the development of cutaneous leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania major in genetically susceptible or resistant mice. We observed no effect on the development of lesions when GM-CSF or multi-CSF were administered before infection, nor on the healing of lesions when they were administered after appearance of lesions. Although only some of the GM-CSF transgenic mice or their normal littermates developed lesions after infection with L. major, there was no difference between the groups in the rate of lesion development or in the size of lesions.
Temperature Dependence of Hydrogen Implant on Passivation of Argon Implant Damage in Silicon (1988)

The influence of substrate temperature during atomic hydrogen treatment of Ar-implant damaged Si surfaces has been studies using the electrical properties of subsequently fabricated Schottky contacts. The recovery of the Schottky electrical characteristics toward the ideal is found to occur only at substrate temperatures above 150°C. However, the Schottky barrier height itself is pinned by a very thin surface layer less than 100 nm thick, and the hydrogen passivation itself appears confined to the subsurface damage.
Synthesis of Structured Lipids via Acidolysis of Docosahexaenoic Acid Single Cell Oil (DHASCO) with Capric Acid (2004)

Screening of five commercially available lipases for the incorporation of capric acid (CA) into docosahexaenoic acid single cell oil (DHASCO) indicated that lipase PS-30 from Pseudomonas sp. was most effective. Of the various reaction parameters examined, namely, the mole ratio of substrates, enzyme amount, time of incubation, reaction temperature, and amount of added water, for CA incorporation into DHASCO, the optimum conditions were a mole ratio of 1:3 (DHASCO/CA) at a temperature of 45 degrees C, and a reaction time of 24 h in the presence of 4% enzyme and 2% water content. Examination of the positional distribution of fatty acids on the glycerol backbone of the modified DHASCO with CA showed that CA was present mainly in the sn-1,3 positions of the triacylglycerol (TAG) molecules. Meanwhile, DHA was favorably present in the sn-2 position, but also located in the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. The oxidative stability of the modified DHASCO in comparison with the original DHASCO, as indicated in the conjugated diene values, showed that the unmodified oil remained relatively unchanged during storage for 72 h, but DHASCO-based structured lipid was oxidized to a much higher level than the original oil. The modified oil also attained a considerably higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value than the original oil over the entire storage period. However, when the oil was subjected to the same process steps in the absence of any enzyme, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in its oxidative stability when compared with enzymatically modified DHASCO. Therefore, removal of antioxidants during the process is primarily responsible for the compromised stability of the modified oil.