gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noradrenergic sympathetic innervation of the spleen: I. Nerve fibers associate with lymphocytes and macrophages in specific compartments of the splenic white pulp (1987)

Sympathetic noradrenergic nerve fibers, stained with antiserum for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), richly innervate the splenic white pulp. These fibers distribute with the vascular and trabecular systems, and associate mainly with the central artery and its branches, the periarteriolar lymphatic sheath (PALS), the marginal sinus, and the parafollicular zone, with occasional delicate fibers also present in the follicles. Simultaneous staining of TH-positive nerve fibers and markers for specific lymphoid cells has shown several regions of contact between nerves and lymphocytes or macrophages. The TH-positive nerve fibers in the plexuses around the central arterial system and in the PALS are present among T lymphocytes (OX-19-positive cells) including both T helper and T suppressor cells, and interdigitating cells. At the marginal sinus, TH-positive fibers run adjacent to macrophages (ED3-positive cells), B lymphocytes (IgM-positive), and intensely fluorescent IgM-positive cells. Along the parafollicular zone, TH-positive nerve fibers run adjacent to T lymphocytes, peripheral follicular B lymphocytes, and intensely fluorescent IgM-positive cells. Within some follicles, delicate fibers end adjacent to both T and B lymphocytes. These relationships suggest a direct interaction between norepinephrine release from the TH-positive nerve terminals and the lymphocytes and macrophages closely associated with them, and focuses attention on the potential neural modulation of related functions such as T and B lymphocyte entry into the spleen and antigen capture (marginal zone), antigen presentation and T cell activation (PALS), B cell activation (parafollicular zone and marginal zone), and lymphocyte egress (outer marginal zone).
Low coherence interferometry for central thickness measurement of rigid and soft contact lenses (2009)

In this paper we propose contact lens central thickness measurement with a low coherence interferometry technique using either a SLED source or a broadband continuum generated in air-silica Microstructured Optical Fiber (MOF) pumped with a picosecond microchip laser. Each of these sources associated with the interferometer provides, at the same time, good measurement resolution and quick signal recording without moving any optical elements and without need of a Fourier Transform operation. Signal improvement is performed afterwards by a numerical treatment for optimal correlation peaks detection leading to central thickness value of several contact lenses.
Effect of Moisture Addition at the Mixer to a Corn-Soybean-Based Diet on Broiler Performance (2001)

Moisture addition at the mixer has been shown to increase pellet durability and decrease pellet mill energy consumption for corn-soybean-based diets; however, the effect of this process on animal performance has not been tested. Two experiments were conducted to examine the effect of moisture addition on male broiler live weight gain (LWG), feed efficiency (FE), and mortality. Moisture was added to the diets at the mixer. The diets were fed in the form of mash or crumbled/pelleted feed. Feed form and moisture treatments were applied to a 0-to-3-wk battery study and a 0-to-6-wk floor pen study. Feeding crumbled/standard pelleted diets resulted in higher LWG and FE compared to mash diets in both studies. High moisture pelleted treatments contributed to significantly higher adjusted FE in the 3-to-6-wk period of the floor pen experiment compared to the low moisture treatments. Broiler death was affected only in the 3-to-6-wk period of the floor pen experiment, in which standard pelleted diets produced a significantly higher percentage of mortality relative to mash diets. These results show that high moisture pelleted diets are beneficial to bird performance when fed in the 3-to-6-wk grower period, and crumbled/pelleted diets are superior to mash throughout broiler rearing.
Microwave Filter Theory and Design (1949)

The first part of this paper gives the theory cf waveguide filters with arbitrary identical links, and their matching to a line. The treatment differs from that previously presented in the literature, in that the electromagnetic state of the impedors and transducers is described by relations between the incident and reflected waves. This simplifies the analysis of all waveguide systems, because each transformation by a line section results only in a phase shift of these waves. Each filter stage is characterized by two angles which can be determined by simple measurements. The formulas which describe the insertion properties of the filters are given in terms of these angles. The second part gives the application of the theory to direct and quarter-wave coupled band-pass iris filters. The design data are given, including correction factors for irises of finite thickness. Measured insertion loss curves of direct couples filters constructed, show good agreement with the theoretical.
Entreprise et lien social. (1997)

Depuis une quinzaine d'annees, les organisations sont le terrain de restructurations importantes qui interrogent aujourd'hui sur les modifications des pratiques de travail des salaries et, au-dela, sur les transformations affectant leur rapport a l'entreprise et la societe. A partir de deux etudes de cas, les auteurs se proposent d'analyser ces modifications sociologiques du rapport au travail, des processus d'apprentissage et plus fondamentalement des liens sociaux entre l'individu, le collectif de travail et l'entreprise.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 6‐Chloropyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5‐carbaldehydes by Vilsmeier—Haack Reaction and Its Use in the Synthesis of Heterocyclic Chalcones and Dipyrazolopyridines. (2010)

Abstract A synthesis of pharmacologically interesting novel carbaldehydes (III) is described and their utility for the synthesis of title derivatives (V) and (VI) is demonstrated.
Studies on Prevention of Experimental Diabetes Mellitus by Means of Some Chemical Substances (1955)

1. Eighty-six varieties of chemical substances were tested for their efficacy in preventing alloxan diabetes in white rats and 37 items among them were found effective. 33 of the tested materials were zinc-affine substances, of which. 24 were found diabeto-preventive. Of the remaining 53, which were non-zinc-affine, 14 proved to be effective in prevention.2. Among the substances proved diabeto-preventive, we found some familiar to us in daily life and physiologically important, including 8 vitamins, mainly in B group, 6 varieties of cholic acids, theobromine, sodium bicarbonate and 7 kinds of amino acids.3. The minimum effective doses and the duration of the effect were determined for all the preventive substances. The results showed that vitamin B12 had the strongest preventive effect, followed by benzimidazole, salicylaldoxime, sodium thiosulphate, BAL, nicotinamide, cholic acids and dopa.4. The mechanism of diabeto-prevention was studied using 29 representative varieties of the substances found preventive, and the preventive action was found to be accomplished either intra-pancreatically, extra-pancreatically or both intra-and extra-pancreatically.5. Of the preventive substances, the zinc-affine varieties were found to act intra-pancreatically, probably intra-insularly, without exception-a finding apparently in support of Okamoto's zinc theory of diabetes mellitus.6. The non-zinc-affine preventive substances (substances containing SH radicals and the majority of the effective vitamins) showed mechanism of extra--pancreatic prevention in most cases. The SH radicaled substances seemingly prevent diabetes by disposing of and detoxicating alloxan before it reached the pancreas. Such considerations also led us to doubt the tenability of Lazarow's glutathione theory of diabetogenesis.7. With 12 of the preventive reagents as material, we conducted experiments for prevention of alloxan, dithizone and 8-hydroxyquinaldine diabetes in rabbits and found that the preventive effect was considerably impaired in some of the reagents. In general, the preventive action against alloxan diabetes is weaker in rabbits than in white rats. In some cases, the result may be explained by the lower doses of preventive reagents in ratio of the augmented doses of alloxan. Dithizone diabetes was found more difficult to prevent than the diabetes induced by the two other chemicals, which fact may be interpreted as due to the stronger affinity of dithizone with zinc.8. Eight varieties of the substances found effective in preventing diabetes in white rats were found also effective in preventing experimental diabetes induced by oxine in guinea pigs in most cases.9. Many substances with similar chemical formula and belonging to the same family of compounds were found to differ in their action-some being diabetogenic, some diabeto-preventive and the others neither diabetogenic nor preventive. In such cases, their manner of combination with zinc, that is, the fact that they are zinc-affine or not, was found to determine their reaction in regard to diabetes.
Ethical issues in funding orphan drug research and development (2005)

This essay outlines the moral dilemma of funding orphan drug research and development. To date, ethical aspects of priority setting for research funding have not been an issue of discussion in the bioethics debate. Conflicting moral obligations of beneficence and distributive justice appear to demand very different levels of funding for orphan drug research. The two types of orphan disease, rare diseases and tropical diseases, however, present very different ethical challenges to questions about allocation of research funds. The dilemma is analysed considering utilitarian and rights based theories of justice and moral obligations of non-abandonment and a professional obligation to advance medical science. The limitations of standard economic evaluation tools and other priority setting tools used to inform health policy decision makers on research funding decisions are outlined.
High-Density Dielectrophoretic Microwell Array for Detection, Capture, and Single-Cell Analysis of Rare Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood (2015)

Development of a reliable platform and workflow to detect and capture a small number of mutation-bearing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a blood sample is necessary for the development of noninvasive cancer diagnosis. In this preclinical study, we aimed to develop a capture system for molecular characterization of single CTCs based on high-density dielectrophoretic microwell array technology. Spike-in experiments using lung cancer cell lines were conducted. The microwell array was used to capture spiked cancer cells, and captured single cells were subjected to whole genome amplification followed by sequencing. A high detection rate (70.2%-90.0%) and excellent linear performance (R2 = 0.8189-0.9999) were noted between the observed and expected numbers of tumor cells. The detection rate was markedly higher than that obtained using the CellSearch system in a blinded manner, suggesting the superior sensitivity of our system in detecting EpCAM- tumor cells. Isolation of single captured tumor cells, followed by detection of EGFR mutations, was achieved using Sanger sequencing. Using a microwell array, we established an efficient and convenient platform for the capture and characterization of single CTCs. The results of a proof-of-principle preclinical study indicated that this platform has potential for the molecular characterization of captured CTCs from patients.
Harnessing FPGA technology for rapid circuit debug (2013)

Electronic devices have come to permeate every aspect of our daily lives, and at the heart of each device is one or more integrated circuits. State-of-the art circuits now contain several billion transistors. However, designing and verifying that these circuits function correctly under all expected (and unexpected) operation conditions is extremely challenging, with many studies finding that verification can consume over half of the total design effort. Due to the slow speed of logic simulation software, designers increasingly turn to circuit prototypes implemented using field-programmable gate array (FPGA) technology. Whilst these prototypes can be operated many orders of magnitude faster than simulation, on-chip instruments are required to expose internal signal data so that designers can root-cause any erroneous behaviour. This thesis presents four contributions to enable rapid and effective circuit debug when using FPGAs, in particular, by harnessing the reconfigurable and prefabricated nature of this technology. The first contribution presents a post-silicon debug metric to quantify the effectiveness of trace-buffer based debugging instruments, and three algorithms to determine new signal selections for these instruments. Our most scalable algorithm can determine the most influential signals in a large 50,000 flip-flop circuit in less than 90 seconds. The second contribution of this thesis proposes that debug instruments be speculatively inserted into the spare capacity of FPGAs, without any user intervention, and shows this to be feasible. This proposal allows designers to extract more trace data from their circuit on every debug turn, ultimately leading to fewer debug iterations. The third contribution presents techniques to enable faster debug turnaround, by using incremental-compilation methods to accelerate the process of inserting debug instruments. Specifically, our incremental optimizations can speed up this procedure by almost 100X over recompiling the FPGA from scratch. Finally, the fourth contribution describes how a virtual overlay network can be embedded into the unused resources of the FPGA device, allowing debug instruments to be modified without any form of recompilation. Experimental results show that a new configuration for a debug instrument with 17,000 trace connections can be made in 50 seconds, thus enabling rapid circuit debug.
Power Outages, Extreme Events and Health: a Systematic Review of the Literature from 2011-2012 (2014)

Background Extreme events (e.g. flooding) threaten critical infrastructure including power supplies. Many interlinked systems in the modern world depend on a reliable power supply to function effectively. The health sector is no exception, but the impact of power outages on health is poorly understood. Greater understanding is essential so that adverse health impacts can be prevented and/or mitigated. Methods We searched Medline, CINAHL and Scopus for papers about the health impacts of power outages during extreme events published in 2011-2012. A thematic analysis was undertaken on the extracted information. The Public Health England Extreme Events Bulletins between 01/01/2013 - 31/03/2013 were used to identify extreme events that led to power outages during this three-month period. Results We identified 20 relevant articles. Power outages were found to impact health at many levels within diverse settings. Recurrent themes included the difficulties of accessing healthcare, maintaining frontline services and the challenges of community healthcare. We identified 52 power outages in 19 countries that were the direct consequence of extreme events during the first three months of 2013. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first review of the health impacts of power outages. We found the current evidence and knowledge base to be poor. With scientific consensus predicting an increase in the frequency and magnitude of extreme events due to climate change, the gaps in knowledge need to be addressed in order to mitigate the impact of power outages on global health.
The Preparation of Organolithium Compounds by the Transmetalation Reaction. I. Vinyllithium<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Organolithium Compounds by the Transmetalation Reaction. I. Vinyllithium1,2Dietmar Seyferth and Michael A. WeinerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 17, 3583–3586Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01478a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01478a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1173Altmetric-Citations119LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Multi-Scale Adaptive Convolutional Network for Single Image Super-Resolution (2019)

Recently, the methods based on deep convolutional neural networks have shown superior performance on image restoration. By using a faster and deeper network, the existing methods have achieved the breakthroughs in speed and accuracy. But, they still work hard to recover sharper edge and finer texture details for the large upscaling factor. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-scale adaptive convolutional network to solve this problem. The proposed network is mainly built on the multi-scale adaptive convolutional block which is composed of three different scales sub-blocks. Each sub-block consists of two convolutional layers, one parametric rectified linear unit layer, and some adaptive shortcuts. Different scaling parameters are assigned to these shortcuts to extract and connect diversified and complicated features adaptively. Due to the special design of MACB, the proposed algorithm can enhance the combination of various levels features and provide different ranges of image context for super-resolution (SR) reconstruction. Besides the stack of MACB, the skip connections with identity mapping are used to further aggregate the features of two specific layers in the proposed network. Moreover, in order to infer photo-realistic natural images, a perceptual loss function is proposed to supervise the reconstruction, which consists of four parts of loss: feature loss, style loss, total variation loss, and pixel loss. These losses push our reconstructed image to the target image. The experimental results on the public benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves the best super-resolution reconstruction among the state-of-the-art SR methods.
Reflecting on my Te Tiriti o Waitangi presentation 30 April 2013 (2013)

A nurse reflects on giving a presentation in the workplace about the importance of Te Tiriti o Waitangi (the Treaty of Waitangi) in nursing practice. The process for the presentation is described. The challenges faced included sensitive subject matter and MAori pronunciation. Like most nurses trained before the mid-eighties, the nurse has had limited learning opportunities of Te Tiriti o Waitangi in her nursing training, meaning that the presentation greatly improved her practice. The major effects this presentation had on the nurse were: increased self-understanding and awareness, increased understanding of the power in the nurse-patient relationship, increased value and celebration of difference, increased awareness of the policies and documents to support daily practice specifically relating to Te Tiriti o Waitangi and cultural safety, and an understanding of the importance of going outside your comfort zone.
Deep eutectic solvent system based on choline chloride-urea as a pre-treatment for nanofibrillation of wood cellulose (2015)

Deep eutectic solvent of choline chloride-urea was used as a sustainable pre-treatment media prior mechanical nanofibrillation of wood cellulose.
Elevators, Conqueroo, Jomo Disaster Happen (1967)

From the Rice Thresher Archive, a collection of newspaper articles published in the student newspaper for Rice University. Genre: News
Optimal design of FIR filter with SP2 coefficients based on semi-infinite linear programming method (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new design method of FIR filters with Signed Power of Two (SP2) coefficients. In the method proposed here, the design problem of FIR filters is formulated as a discrete semi-infinite lin-ear programming problem (DSILP), and the DSILP is solved using a branch and bound technique. We will guarantee the optimality of the solution obtained. Hence, it is possible to obtain the optimal discrete coef-ficients. It is confirmed that the optimal coefficients of linear phase FIR filter with the SP2 coefficients could be designed fast with enough precisions by the compu-tational experiments. 1.
An amyloid-like cascade hypothesis for C9orf72 ALS/FTD (2015)

Expansion of a GGGGCC repeat in C9orf72 causes amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, or a combination of both. Bidirectional repeat transcripts sequester RNA-binding proteins into nuclear RNA foci. The repeat is translated into dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins that are crucial for repeat-induced toxicity. DPRs inhibit the proteasome and sequester other proteins. These changes are accompanied by widespread brain atrophy and subclinical cognitive impairment before disease onset. Both repeat RNA and DPRs impair nucleocytoplasmic transport and promote TDP-43 mislocalization and aggregation. Thus, repeat RNA and DPRs may gradually trigger TDP-43 pathology and subsequent region-specific neurodegeneration in a cascade similar to amyloid-β peptide in Alzheimer's disease. The key components of the C9orf72 cascade are promising therapeutic targets in different disease stages.
Parameter and Quantile Estimation for the Generalized Pareto Distribution (1987)

The generalized Pareto distribution is a two-parameter distribution that contains uniform, exponential, and Pareto distributions as special cases. It has applications in a number of fields, including reliability studies and the analysis of environmental extreme events. Maximum likelihood estimation of the generalized Pareto distribution has previously been considered in the literature, but we show, using computer simulation, that, unless the sample size is 500 or more, estimators derived by the method of moments or the method of probability-weighted moments are more reliable. We also use computer simulation to assess the accuracy of confidence intervals for the parameters and quantiles of the generalized Pareto distribution.