gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deletion of the loop region of Bcl-2 completely blocks paclitaxel-induced apoptosis (1999)

At high concentrations, the tubule poison paclitaxel is able to kill cancer cells that express Bcl-2; it inhibits the antiapoptotic activity of Bcl-2 by inducing its phosphorylation. To localize the site on Bcl-2 regulated by phosphorylation, mutant forms of Bcl-2 were constructed. Mutant forms of Bcl-2 with an alteration in serine at amino acid 70 (S70A) or with deletion of a 60-aa loop region between the alpha1 and alpha2 helices (Deltaloop Bcl-2, which also deletes amino acid 70) were unable to be phosphorylated by paclitaxel treatment of MDA-MB-231 cells into which the genes for the mutant proteins were transfected. The Deltaloop mutant completely inhibited paclitaxel-induced apoptosis. In cells expressing the S70A mutant, paclitaxel induced about one-third the level of apoptosis seen with wild-type Bcl-2. To evaluate the role of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in Bcl-2 phosphorylation, the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 was examined. Paclitaxel-induced apoptosis was associated with phosphorylation of Bcl-2 and activation of ERK and JNK MAPKs. If JNK activation was blocked by transfections with either a stress-activated protein kinase kinase dominant-negative (K-->R) gene (which prevents the activation of a kinase upstream of JNK) or MAPK phosphatase-1 gene (which dephosphorylates and inactivates JNK), Bcl-2 phosphorylation did not occur, and the cells were not killed by paclitaxel. By contrast, neither an ERK inhibitor (PD098059) nor p38 inhibitors (SB203580 and SB202190) had an effect on Bcl-2 phosphorylation. Thus, our data show that the antiapoptotic effects of Bcl-2 can be overcome by phosphorylation of Ser-70; forms of Bcl-2 lacking the loop region are much more effective at preventing apoptosis than wild-type Bcl-2 because they cannot be phosphorylated. JNK, but not ERK or p38 MAPK, appear to be involved in the phosphorylation of Bcl-2 induced by paclitaxel.
Electrical picosecond measurements of the photoresponse in YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> (1993)

Ultrafast transient voltage pulses (rise time 12 ps, width 29 ps) have been observed at 50 K across a current-biased very thin YBa2Cu3O7−x epitaxial film (thickness 30 nm) when illuminated by short laser pulses. The accuracy of the present measures shows the system reaction during the first tens of picoseconds. Such very narrow photosignals can be described as related to nonequilibrium phenomena. The measured decay times corroborate the biexponential escape of the deposited energy described by other authors.
Garnet compositions for submicron bubbles with low damping constants (1981)

Thin single crystalline films of composition (BiYLu)3(FeGa)5O12 have been grown by liquid phase epitaxy on 〈111〉 substrates with zero lattice mismatch. Optimisation of the Bi:Y:Lu ratio has lead to a 1 μm bubble film on Gd3Ga5O12 (Q = 3.6, 4 πM = 600 gauss and FMRΔH at 10 GHz = 2.8 Oe) and a 0.8 μm bubble film on Sm3Ga5O12 (Q = 2.7, 4 πM = 930 gauss and ΔH = 4.3 Oe). The dynamic coercive fields for these films was &lt;1 Oe. Smaller bubble diameters seem to be feasible in this system. From ferrimagnetic resonance linewidth measurements at 10 GHz it appears that the damping constants in these films are only two times as high as in pure YIG. To increase the damping small concentrations of Sm have been added. For 3 μm bubble films a study of the correlation between the damping constants calculated from the FMR linwidths and the damping constants calculated from the bubble mobilities measured by a translation technique has been made. The agreement between these constants in these films was excellent.
Birefringence compensation in a barium nitrate Raman laser (2003)

We are investigating pulsed barium nitrate (Ba(NO/sub 3/)/sub 2/) lasers and amplifiers for an ozone lidar system. Previously, we reported that the visible output of a Raman laser, pumped by a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm, is slightly depolarized. In this paper, we present quantitative depolarization measurements and demonstrate a simple technique to compensate for the crystal birefringence.
Characterization of thermobonded nonwovens by polarimetric imaging (2007)

The aim of this study is to characterize the surface of thermobonded nonwovens which can be used as surgical gowns or caps in medical applications. These nonwovens consist of nets of polypropylene fibers which are more or less randomly tangled and the cohesion of this surface comes from its manufacturing process through the bonding points. The tactile feel of the consumer is known to depend on the structure of the surface, hence it will be deeply studied. We consider degree of polarization images of the samples. Firstly the bonding points of a calendered nonwoven are detected using the degree of polarization of the light reflected by the sample under polarized incidence and two sets of the same nonwoven are differentiated through the analysis of their bonding points and of their fibrous part. We show that the degree of polarization of the bonding points is linked to the intensity of the manufacturing process. The second part is about the fibrous part of the nonwovens, studied in order to determine the main orientation of the fibers.
Evidence for Lysosomotropism of Memantine in Cultured Human Cells: Cellular Kinetics and Effects of Memantine on Phospholipid Content and Composition, Membrane Fluidity and β‐Adrenergic Transmission (1993)

Memantine, an amantadine derivative, is therapeutically used for the treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Parkinson's disease, spasticity, and dementia. Pharmacokinetics of memantine and its effects on phospholipid content and composition, on membrane properties and functions such as fluidity and β‐adrenergic transmission were studied in cultured human fibroblasts and macrophages. The kinetic behaviour of memantine was characteristic for a lysosomotropic drug. Fibroblasts exposed to 14 C‐memantine in the μM range accumulated the drug up to 200 fold above initial medium concentrations. Lysosomal drug storage was proven by indirect evidence and by analyses of subcellular fractions. Repetitive exposure to memantine resulted in a cumulative uptake. While memantine uptake after single exposure was fully reversible, the rate and extent of release of chronically accumulated drug was reduced but could be enhanced by the addition of unlabelled memantine or ammonium chloride to the medium. Chronic, but not single, exposure to memantine above 10 μM resulted in a concentration dependent phospholipid accumulation and in a shift in the phospholipid composition. There was an overproportionate increase in phosphatidylinositol at the expense of phosphatidylserine and sphingomyelin. Chronic exposure of cultured cells to memantine increased fluidity in the superficial layers of the plasma membrane and reduced the isoproterenol‐stimulated cAMP‐response without affecting β‐adrenoceptor density. All these findings were compatible with the kinetic behaviour and the effectiveness expected of a weak lysosomotropic drug.
Pure and doped boron nitride nanotubes (2007)

More than ten years ago, it was suggested theoretically that boron nitride (BN) nanotubes could be produced. Soon after, various reports on their synthesis appeared and a new area of nanotube science was born. This review aims to cover the latest advances related to the synthesis of BN nanotubes. We show that these tubes can now be produced in larger amounts and, in particular, that the chemistry of BN tubes appears to be very important to the production of reinforced composites with insulating characteristics. From the theoretical standpoint, we also show that (BN)-C heteronanotubes could have important implications for nanoelectronics. We believe that BN nanotubes (pure and doped) could be used in the fabrication of novel devices in which pure carbon nanotubes do not perform very efficiently.
Towards Accessible Remote Work (2021)

Working from home has become a mainstream work practice in many organizations during the COVID-19 pandemic. While remote work has received much scholarly and public attention over the years, we still know little about how people with disabilities engage in remote work from their homes and what access means in this context. To understand and rethink accessibility in remote work, the present paper studies work-from-home practices of neurodivergent professionals who have Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia) and psychosocial disabilities (e.g., anxiety, depression). We report on interviews with 36 US-based neurodivergent professionals who have been working from home during the pandemic. Our findings reveal that while working from home, neurodivergent professionals create accessible physical and digital workspaces, negotiate accessible communication practices, and reconcile tensions between productivity and wellbeing. Our analysis reconsiders what access means in remote work for neurodivergent professionals and offers practical insights for inclusive work practices and accessibility improvements in remote collaboration tools.
Age-Dependent Changes in the Cochlea (2019)

Age-related hearing loss is a progressive, bilateral, and symmetrical sensorineural hearing loss due to degeneration of inner ear structures and it is considered a multifactorial complex disorder. Changes in tissue performance act from the cellular level to the molecular level. Histological visible damage in different structures of the inner ear signifies that the high frequency region is more sensitive and earlier affected. For many years it has been known that, with advancing age, there is an increasing loss of outer and inner hair cells and peripheral and central neurons. Furthermore, it comes to an atrophy of the stria vascularis. In recent years, investigations of the inner ear have shown that a loss of cochlear nerve synapses also plays an important role in age-related hearing loss. Degeneration of cochlear nerve synapses at the inner hair cell leads to a worsening of complex auditory tasks, such as understanding speech in difficult listening environments with minimal effects on pure-tone thresholds. This phenomenon has been called "hidden hearing loss." Recent research has shown that senescence of the immune system plays an important role in age-related degeneration of the inner ear, termed inflammaging. A mild form of chronic systemic inflammatory response is thought to activate cochlear macrophages.
Roles of thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> and leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> in radicular pain induced by herniated nucleus pulposus (2001)

Biologically active substances, such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, which are metabolites involved in the arachidonic acid cascade, are detected in herniated disc samples obtained from patients with lumbar disc herniation. However, little is known concerning the relationships between these substances and clinical symptoms such as radicular pain. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) induces not only potent platelet aggregation, but also blood vessel contraction. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), a potent chemotactic agent, plays a role in inflammatory reactions by recruiting neutrophils and lymphocytes. The purpose of this study was to examine the roles of TXA2 and LTB4 in the hyperalgesia induced by application of nucleus pulposus to the lumbar nerve root in the rat. TXA2 synthetase inhibitor and LTB4 receptor antagonist, which were injected into the epidural space, decreased mechanical hyperalgesia at both three and seven days after epidural injection. There were no significant differences in sensitivity to noxious thermal stimuli following application of the nucleus pulposus or an epidural injection. Epidural injection of LTB4 receptor antagonist and/or TXA2 synthetase inhibitor may attenuate the painful radiculopathy due to lumbar disc herniation. In conclusion, our findings suggest that TXA2 and LTB4 may play significant roles in mechanical hyperalgesia induced by autologous nucleus pulposus.
Wafer bonding: a flexible approach to materials integration (2003)

"Wafer bonding" refers to the phenomenon that mirror-polished, flat and clean surfaces of almost any material, when brought into contact at room temperature, are locally attracted to each other by van-der-Waals forces and adhere or bond to each other. Semiconductor wafer bonding has increasingly become a technology of choice for materials integration in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). The presentation gives an overview of the fundamentals of wafer bonding and discusses the different approaches used for silicon wafers (usually bonded at room temperature in air) and for III-V compound wafers (often bonded at elevated temperatures around 500/spl deg/C in hydrogen). A critical assessment is given of so-called "universal compliant substrates" fabricated by twist wafer bonding, which are supposed to allow heteroepitaxial growth of materials with large misfit without the generation of threading dislocations.
Shear Stress Modulates Expression of Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase in Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (1996)

A major determinant of the level of cellular superoxide anion (O2-.) is the dismutation of O2-. to hydrogen peroxide by the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD). Three forms of SOD exist, but in endothelial cells, the major form outside of the mitochondria is the cytosolic copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD). Since fluid shear stress is an important determinant of the function and structure of endothelial cells in vivo, we examined the effect of laminar shear stress on the expression of Cu/Zn SOD in cultured human aortic endothelial cells. Laminar shear stress of 0.6 to 15 dyne/cm2 increased Cu/Zn SOD mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner in human aortic endothelial cells. Shear stress also increased both Cu/Zn SOD protein content and the enzyme activity. Nuclear runon assays showed that nuclei from human aortic endothelial cells exposed to laminar shear stress had a 1.6-fold greater transcriptional activity of the Cu/Zn SOD gene compared with cells not exposed to shear, indicating that an increase in Cu/Zn SOD mRNA induced by laminar shear stress is at least in part mediated by increased transcription. In contrast, shear stress had no effect on Cu/Zn SOD mRNA levels in human aortic smooth muscle cells. These findings show that physiological levels of shear stress increase expression of Cu/Zn SOD in the endothelium. This adaptation to shear stress might augment the effect of locally produced NO. and thereby promote the antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties of the endothelial cell.
[Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against human transmembrane activator and calcium modulator and cyclophilin ligand interactor]. (2003)

Two mAbs can recognize natural TACI, which will be of greater value in research on the structure and functions of TACI.
Introduction to Plasmonics (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction to PlasmonicsTeri W. Odom and George C. Schatz*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston Illinois 60208, United States*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2011, 111, 6, 3667–3668Publication Date (Web):May 11, 2011Publication History Published online11 May 2011Published inissue 8 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr2001349https://doi.org/10.1021/cr2001349editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views18544Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Plasmonic nanoparticles,Plasmonics,Plasmons Get e-Alerts
Marine vibrators and the Doppler effect (1988)

Abstract Marine seismic data acquired with a moving vibrator suffer phase dispersion caused by Doppler shifting of the source sweep function. The dispersion for a particular reflection event depends upon frequency, the type of sweep function, and the Doppler factor associated with that event. Synthetic vibrator data show that, at typical ship speeds, the Doppler factors for steeply dipping events are big enough to cause phase dispersion as large as several hundred degrees. If unaccounted for, such dispersive effects could make a moving marine vibrator unacceptable for imaging steep dips.In a constant-offset section, the Doppler factor for a reflection event is the product of ship speed and the event's time dip. That key, simple relationship allows a two-dimensional f-k filter to remove the phase dispersion caused by the Doppler effect. Comparisons of both synthetic data and Gulf of Mexico field data, before and after application of the phase-correcting filter, show that the filter improves steep-dip imaging in marine vibrator data. For the Gulf of Mexico line, steep dips are imaged just as well in the phase-corrected vibrator data as in air-gun data.
What the hell is mobile marketing? : mobile marketing (2010)

''Mobizines issued by some of the local newspapers as good examples of professional mobile content services and the kinds of mass medium mobisites that could be targeted by marketers''.
O-Glucosylation and O-Fucosylation Occur Together in Close Proximity on the First Epidermal Growth Factor Repeat of AMACO (VWA2 Protein) (2008)

AMACO (VWA2 protein) is an extracellular matrix protein of unknown function associated with certain basement membranes in skin, lung, and kidney. AMACO is a member of the von Willebrand factor A-like (VWA) domain containing protein superfamily and in addition to three VWA domains it also contains two epidermal growth factor-like domains. One of these contains the rare, overlapping consensus sequences for both O-glucosylation and O-fucosylation. In earlier studies of other proteins the attachment of either core glucose and fucose moieties or of the respective elongated glycans starting with these monosaccharides has been described. By a detailed mass spectrometric analysis we show that both elongated O-glucosylated (Xyl1-3Xyl1-3Glc) and elongated O-fucosylated glycan chains (NeuAc2-3Gal1-4GlcNAc1-3Fuc) can be attached to AMACO in close proximity on the same epidermal growth factor-like domain. It has been reported that the lack of O-fucosylation can markedly decrease secretion of proteins. However, the secretion of AMACO is not significantly affected when the glycosylation sites are mutated. The number of extracellular matrix proteins carrying the overlapping consensus sequence is very limited and it could be that these modifications have a new, yet unknown function.
Multi-engine machine translation guided by explicit word matching (2005)

We describe a new approach for synthetically combining the output of several different Machine Translation (MT) engines operating on the same input. The goal is to produce a synthetic combination that surpasses all of the original systems in translation quality. Our approach uses the individual MT engines as "black boxes" and does not require any explicit cooperation from the original MT systems. A decoding algorithm uses explicit word matches, in conjunction with confidence estimates for the various engines and a trigram language model in order to score and rank a collection of sentence hypotheses that are synthetic combinations of words from the various original engines. The highest scoring sentence hypothesis is selected as the final output of our system. Experiments, using several Arabic-to-English systems of similar quality, show a substantial improvement in the quality of the translation output.
Inherited Cardiomyopathies (2014)

Cardiomyopathies (ie, diseases of the heart muscle) are major causes of morbidity and mortality. A significant percentage of patients with cardiomyopathies have genetic-based, inheritable disease and, over the past 2 decades the genetic causes of these disorders have been increasingly discovered. The genes causing these disorders when they are mutated appear to encode proteins that frame a "final common pathway" for that specific disorder, but the specifics of the phenotype, including age of onset, severity, and outcome is variable for reasons not yet understood. The "final common pathways" for the classified forms of cardiomyopathy include the sarcomere in the primarily diastolic dysfunction disorders hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and restrictive cardiomyopathy, the linkage of the sarcomere and sarcolemma in the systolic dysfunction disorder dilated cardiomyopathy, and the desmosome in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is an overlap disorder and it appears that any of these "final common pathways" can be involved depending on the specific form of LVNC. The genetics and mechanisms responsible for these clinical phenotypes will be described.
Structural features and biological activities of the cathelicidin‐derived antimicrobial peptides (2000)

Cathelicidins are a numerous group of mammalian proteins that carry diverse antimicrobial peptides at the C-terminus of a highly conserved preproregion. These peptides, which become active when released from the proregion, display a remarkable variety of sizes, sequences, and structures, and in fact comprise representatives of all the structural groups in which the known antimicrobial peptides have been classified. Most of the cathelicidin-derived peptides exert a broad spectrum and potent antimicrobial activity and also bind to lipopolysaccharide and neutralize its effects. In addition, some of them have recently been shown to exert other activities and might participate in host defense also by virtue of their ability to induce expression of molecules involved in a variety of biological processes. This review is aimed at providing a general overview of the cathelicidins and of the peptides derived therefrom, with emphasis on aspects such as structure, biological activities in vitro and in vivo, and structure/activity relationship studies. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biopoly 55: 31–49, 2000
Pyrenyl substituted 1,8-naphthalimide as a new material for weak efficiency-roll-off red OLEDs: a theoretical and experimental study (2018)

On the basis of the theoretical calculations of semiconducting properties, a new derivative <bold>ImPy</bold> for red OLEDs has been developed.
Single-dose dexamethasone for mild-to-moderate asthma exacerbations: effective, easy, and acceptable. (2011)

Traditionally, mild-to-moderate pediatric asthma exacerbations have been treated with a short course of oral steroids-often 5 days of prednisone or prednisolone. However, recent evidence suggests a similar outcome can be acheived with a single dose of dexamethasone, which has a longer half-life and powerful anti-inflammatory effects, along with easier administration and compliance. Single-dose dexamethasone offers a simple and reliable treatment for these patients in office, urgent care, and emergency department settings.