gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. XXXVI, edited with translations and notes by R. A. Coles, D. Foraboschi , A. H. Solimanel-Mosallamy, J. R. Rea, Ursula Schlag with contributions by G. M. Browne, D. Jordan, A. H. R. E. Paap, D. Rokeah, A. Swiderek; vol. XXXVII, edited with notes b y E. Lobel; vol. XXXVIII, edited with translations and notes b y Gerald M. Browne, J. D. Thomas, E. G. Turner, Marcia E. Weinstein with contributions b y M. M. Austin, R. S. Bagnali, D. and M. Crawford, J. Crook, A. H. M. Jones, J. Reynolds, P. A. M. Seuren, J. C. Shelton, and R. F. Tannenbaum (1973)

Article The Oxyrhynchus Papyri, vol. XXXVI, edited with translations and notes by R. A. Coles, D. Foraboschi , A. H. Solimanel-Mosallamy, J. R. Rea, Ursula Schlag with contributions by G. M. Browne, D. Jordan, A. H. R. E. Paap, D. Rokeah, A. Swiderek; vol. XXXVII, edited with notes b y E. Lobel; vol. XXXVIII, edited with translations and notes b y Gerald M. Browne, J. D. Thomas, E. G. Turner, Marcia E. Weinstein with contributions b y M. M. Austin, R. S. Bagnali, D. and M. Crawford, J. Crook, A. H. M. Jones, J. Reynolds, P. A. M. Seuren, J. C. Shelton, and R. F. Tannenbaum was published on August 1, 1973 in the journal Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung (volume 90, issue 1).
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSFER OF THE AZIDO FUNCTION FROM DIPHENYLPHOSPHORYL AZIDE TO MALONIC ACID HALF ESTERS (1973)

Abstract Die Malonhalbester (I) können bei der Behandlung mit Diphenylphosphorylazid (II) und Alkoholen (III) in gemischte Ester (IV) oder über eine Curtius‐ Reaktion zu (V) und (VI) in die Urethane (VII) umgewandelt werden.
C. Plumpton and W. A. Tomkys, Sixth Form Pure Mathematics, Vol. I (Pergamon Press, 1962), X+480 pp., 21s. (1962)

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Open-path FTIR air quality measurements at a petrochemical complex in Brazil (1994)

An open-path FTIR sensor was used to determine the characteristic air pollutants at ten different locations in a large petrochemical complex in Bahia, Brazil. These measurements were part of an initial survey in preparation for a measurement program which will use both open path FTIR and GC/MS analysis of collected air samples to characterize the air quality within the complex and to obtain emission rates of the individual sources. In this initial survey, a total 17 different compounds were measured with the FTIR sensor, including the polar species, ammonia and acrylonitrile.
Fractional-N frequency synthesizer design at the transfer function level using a direct closed loop realization algorithm (2004)

A new methodology for designing fractional-N frequency synthesizers and other phase locked loop (PLL) circuits is presented. The approach achieves direct realization of the desired closed loop PLL transfer function given a set of user-specified parameters and automatically calculates the corresponding open loop PLL parameters. The algorithm also accomodates nonidealities such as parasitic poles and zeros. The entire methodology has been implemented in a GUI-based software package, which is used to verify the approach through comparison of the calculated and simulated dynamic and noise performance of a third order fractional-N frequency synthesizer.
Use of a multileaf collimator as a dynamic missing‐tissue compensator (1996)

A dynamic multileaf collimator (D-MLC) was used to investigate the feasibility of producing missing-tissue compensators. The modulation of the x-ray field in two dimensions produced by conventional physical compensators was mimicked by delivering a sequence of D-MLC-shaped subfields. A method is introduced to calculate monitor units (MU) for dynamically compensated fields that is analogous to and expands upon methods used for conventional compensating filter MU calculations. In this investigation, the tissue deficit at the surface of an anatomical phantom was measured using a Moiré camera. The tissue deficit data were used to generate a series of D-MLC subfields that, delivered in sequence, provided the compensated treatment. Film was used to integrate the dose delivered to a specified depth of compensation. Isodose distributions were measured for uncompensated fields, fields compensated with a conventional lead or plastic filter, and fields compensated with the D-MLC. A comparison of the dose distributions shows the compensation achieved with the dynamic compensating filter is comparable to that achieved using conventional physical compensating filters.
Neurologic Complications of Celiac Disease (2004)

Neurologic complications of celiac disease (CD) include ataxia and peripheral neuropathy, which can be the presenting symptoms and signs. Early diagnosis and intervention could prevent development of further neurologic and systemic complications. Questions remain regarding the prevalence of the neurologic complications, the pathophysiological mechanisms, and the effectiveness of therapy or response to a gluten-free diet.
Epidermal growth factor, but not insulin, stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of an endogenous protein of <i>M</i>r 95,000 in triton extracts of human placental syncytiotrophoblast membranes (1987)

1. Triton extracts of syncytiotrophoblast membranes were incubated with [gamma-32P]ATP, MgCl2 and MnCl2. Addition of epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in increased phosphorylation not only of the EGF receptor and a Mr-35,000 protein as previously described, but also a protein of Mr 95,000 on both tyrosine and serine residues. In addition, a small increase in the phosphorylation of a protein of Mr 105,000 was observed. Spermine had a similar effect on the phosphorylation of the Mr-95,000 protein, without affecting the phosphorylation of the other proteins. In the absence of MnCl2, the effect of spermine on the phosphorylation of Mr-95,000 protein was still evident, whereas that of EGF was greatly diminished. 2. The Mr-95,000 protein bound poorly to wheat-germ-lectin-Sepharose and was not precipitated by antisera specific for insulin and EGF receptors. The protein continued to exhibit serine and tyrosine phosphorylation on addition of [gamma-32P]ATP, MgCl2 and MnCl2 to a glycoprotein-depleted fraction prepared by chromatography on wheat-germ-lectin-Sepharose. The extent of phosphorylation was no longer increased by spermine or EGF, but was inhibited by heparin. 3. It is suggested that the Mr-95,000 protein not only is a possible direct substrate for the EGF-receptor (but not the insulin receptor) tyrosine kinase but is a substrate for other endogenous kinases, including a protein tyrosine kinase which is probably not a glycoprotein, and a protein serine kinase with properties similar to those of casein kinase II.
Automatic Modulation Recognition of Mixed Multiple Source Signals (2011)

In this paper, automatic modulation recognition of mixed multiple source signals is discussed. At first, the algorithm of equivariant adaptive source separation (EASI) is employed to separate signals from their mixed waveforms. Four features of five modulated signals are extracted and then two classifiers, decision tree and neutral network are used to complete modulation classification. The effects of symbol shaping on features extraction and validation of source separation are also investigated. Simulations show that the average probability of correct recognition of the classifiers is very depended on the performance of source separation. When SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) is larger than 15 dB and the number of mixed source signals is less than 4, the average probability of correct recognition is above 0.6 for decision tree classifier and 0.63 for neutral network classifier. Simulations and discussions about automatic modulation recognition for source signals surfed Rayleigh flat fading are also presented.
Three‐dimensional organization of dermal fibroblasts by macromass culture (2007)

The three-dimensional organization of cells by high-cell-seeding-density culture, termed 'macromass culture', is described. By macromass culture, dermal fibroblasts can be made to organize themselves into a unified three-dimensional form without the aid of a scaffold, and macroscopic constructs, named macromasses, can be made wholly from cells. The sole factor causing three-dimensional organization is culture of cells at high cell seeding density per unit area. No scaffold or extraneous matrix is used for the generation of macromasses; they are of completely cellular origin. No other agents or external influences such as tissue-inducing chemicals, tissue-inducing growth factors, substratum with special properties, rotational culture, centrifugation etc. are employed for macromass formation, and all seeded cells become part of the cohesive construct. These three-dimensional constructs have the potential for use as in vitro tissue analogues, and a possible application for in vitro cytotoxicity testing is demonstrated.
Hyperalgesia and myoclonus with intrathecal infusion of high-dose morphine (1991)

We report the case of a patient who developed myoclonus and hyperalgesia following administration of high-dose subarachnoid morphine. This complication occurred with 40-80 mg/day continuous infusion. The pathophysiology of these side effects is discussed.
The flavonoid baicalein promotes NMDA receptor‐dependent long‐term potentiation and enhances memory (2010)

Our results demonstrate that the flavonoid baicalein can facilitate memory, and therefore it might be useful in the treatment of patients with memory disorders.
Ocular toxicity and hydroxychloroquine: guidelines for screening (1999)

Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine (4-aminoquinolones) are used by dermatologists for the treatment of a wide range of disorders. It is widely recognized that their use may lead to ocular complications, but policies for ophthalmological screening and follow-up vary widely. In this article, the current literature on the ocular complications of antimalarials is reviewed, together with the results of a recent survey of dermatological practice on screening. New recommendations for ophthalmological screening recently produced by the Royal College of Ophthalmologists, the British Association of Dermatologists and the British Association of Rheumatologists are presented. It is recommended that baseline screening should include an assessment of renal and liver function, an enquiry about visual impairment and the recording of near visual acuity. Follow-up should comprise an enquiry about visual problems at each clinic visit and assessment of visual acuity once yearly. The multidisciplinary nature of the committee producing the new guidelines will hopefully mean that they will be acceptable to and usable by all those who routinely prescribe antimalarial drugs.
Pancreatic Islets from Type 2 Diabetic Patients Have Functional Defects and Increased Apoptosis That Are Ameliorated by Metformin (2004)

Several properties of pancreatic beta-cells in type 2 diabetes (T2D) were studied by using islets isolated from T2D subjects. Moreover, because metformin has protective effects on nondiabetic beta-cells exposed to high glucose or free fatty acid levels, we investigated its direct action on T2D islet cells. Diabetic islets were characterized by reduced insulin content, decreased amount of mature insulin granules, impaired glucose-induced insulin secretion, reduced insulin mRNA expression, and increased apoptosis with enhanced caspase-3 and -8 activity. These alterations were associated with increased oxidative stress, as shown by higher nitrotyrosine concentrations, increased expression of protein kinase C-beta2 and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced-oxidase, and changes in mRNA expression of manganese- superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. Twenty-four-hour incubation of T2D islets with metformin was associated with increased insulin content, increased number and density of mature insulin granules, improved glucose-induced insulin release, and increased insulin mRNA expression. Moreover, apoptosis was reduced, with concomitant decrease of caspase-3 and -8 activity. These changes were accompanied by reduction or normalization of several markers of oxidative stress. Thus, T2D islets have several functional and survival defects, which can be ameliorated by metformin; the beneficial effects of the drug are mediated, at least in part, by a reduction of oxidative stress.
Imaging Cytometry of Human Leukocytes with Third Harmonic Generation Microscopy (2016)

Based on third-harmonic-generation (THG) microscopy and a k-means clustering algorithm, we developed a label-free imaging cytometry method to differentiate and determine the types of human leukocytes. According to the size and average intensity of cells in THG images, in a two-dimensional scatter plot, the neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes in peripheral blood samples from healthy volunteers were clustered into three differentiable groups. Using these features in THG images, we could count the number of each of the three leukocyte types both in vitro and in vivo. The THG imaging-based counting results agreed well with conventional blood count results. In the future, we believe that the combination of this THG microscopy-based imaging cytometry approach with advanced texture analysis of sub-cellular features can differentiate and count more types of blood cells with smaller quantities of blood.
A review of the minimum maximum criterion for optimal bit allocation among dependent quantizers (1999)

In this paper, we review a general framework for the optimal bit allocation among dependent quantizers based on the minimum maximum (MINMAX) distortion criterion. The pros and cons of this optimization criterion are discussed and compared to the well-known Lagrange multiplier method for the minimum average (MINAVE) distortion criterion. We argue that, in many applications, the MINMAX criterion is more appropriate than the more popular MINAVE criterion. We discuss the algorithms for solving the optimal bit allocation problem among dependent quantizers for both criteria and highlight the similarities and differences. We point out that any problem which can be solved with the MINAVE criterion can also be solved with the MINMAX criterion, since both approaches are based on the same assumptions. We discuss uniqueness of the MINMAX solution and the way both criteria can be applied simultaneously within the same optimization framework. Furthermore, we show how the discussed MINMAX approach can be directly extended to result in the lexicographically optimal solution. Finally, we apply the discussed MINMAX solution methods to still image compression, intermode frame compression of H.263, and shape coding applications.
Transparent Pin Wear Test on Thin-Film Magnetic Disk (1995)

Pin-on-disk wear tests on thin-film magnetic disks were performed using transparent materials. Quartz glass (QG), transparent zirconia (TZ), sapphire (SA), and synthesized diamond (DI) were used as pin materials. In addition to friction, sliding condition and pin wear were continuously monitored with video camera. Simultaneous friction measurement and video monitoring showed that friction dropped when wear debris intruded between pin and disk surfaces. Pin wear, from the measured diameter of wear scar on spherical pins, increased in the order of DI, SA, QG, and TZ. This order of pin wear does not coincide with that of the pin bulk hardness. Disk lifetime increased in the order of TZ, QG, SA, and DI, and the smaller the pin wear, the longer the disk lifetime.
Characterizing the limits of MRI near metallic prostheses (2014)

Current 3D multispectral imaging methods would not benefit greatly from exciting spins beyond ±12 kHz despite the presence of signal that lies outside of this range from tissue directly adjacent to the metallic implants. Methods such as phase encoding in all three spatial dimensions are necessary to spatially resolve spins beyond an excitation bandwidth of ±12 kHz. The approach described in this study provides a benchmark for the capabilities of current imaging techniques to guide development of new MRI methods for imaging near metal.
The cardiovascular effect of intracerebroventricular endothelin in rats (1989)

To investigate the cardiovascular action of endothelin within the central nervous system, we studied the effect of intracerebroventricular endothelin in conscious Wistar rats. The endothelin increased blood pressure and the heart rate in a dose-related way. The increase in mean blood pressure produced by 100 ng/kg of endothelin (45 +/- 6 mmHg, mean +/- s.e.m., n = 10) was much greater than that produced by the same amount of intravenous endothelin (4 +/- 1 mmHg, n = 7). Pretreatment with intravenous hexamethonium significantly attenuated the rise in blood pressure elicited by intracerebroventricular endothelin. Combined administration of hexamethonium and a vasopressin antagonist abolished the pressor response. These results indicate that centrally administered endothelin raises blood pressure through activation of the sympathetic nervous system and vasopressin. It is suggested that endothelin may play a role in the central regulation of cardiovascular function.
Thermal Polymerization and Depolymerization Reactions of 10 Sulfur Allotropes Studied by HPLC and DSC [1] (1984)

Abstract The thermal decomposition (polymerization, depolymerization, ring interconversion) of a number of sulfur allotropes (S 6 , S 7 , S 8 , S 10 , S 12 , S 13 , S 20 , polymeric sulfur) has been investigated theoretically (on the basis of Gee's theory) and experimentally by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) in the temperature region of 30–250°C. While the polymerization of liquid S 8 is endothermic and endentropic (ΔS > 0), liquid S 7 polymerizes exothermically and endentropically, and liquid S 6 exothermically but exentropically (ΔS > 0). Therefore, a floor temperature exists for the polymerization of S 8 and a hypothetical very high ceiling temperature for the polymerization of S 6 , while S 7 is unstable with respect to polymerization over the whole temperature region. Excepting S 8 , all investigated cyclic sulfur allotropes yield polymeric sulfur on heating to 60–150°C followed by depolymerization to the equilibrium sulfur melt consisting mainly of S 8 , some S 7 , and traces of S 6 , S 9 , S 12 and other rings. Polymeric sulfur (S μ ) slowly dissolves in CS 2 at 20°C to give S 8 , S 7 and traces of other rings (mainly S 6 , S 9 , S 12 ). On heating of the S μ /CS 2 mixture in sealed ampoules to 80–100°C complete dissolution takes place within several hours or days and the rings S 8 and S 7 are the main products.
An automatically dynamic checking tool for Java Beans semantic constraints (2002)

With the development of network technology, the scale of the information system is becoming larger. Component software engineering is the hot point method supporting the development of such kinds of application based on the network computing model. Java Beans is a standard for software components. For the development of high quality components, this paper proposes a toolkit-MChecker for checking the consistency between the Java Beans semantic constraints and its implementation. MChecker uses a logic-based language-Java Beans Description Language for describing the bean's semantic constraints. Consistency checking is based on a dynamic model checking approach. A generator is used to generate the checker automatically for a source bean. A wrapper is used to make the source support the check process. We illustrate the system architecture, the key technology and the core algorithm. Some experimental results are shown by examples.
FPGA-based real-time acoustic camera prototype (2010)

Acoustic cameras visualize the origin and intensity of sound waves using an array of microphones and sophisticated signal-processing algorithms. Due to the high memory-bandwidth and signal-processing complexity required by such algorithms, current available devices either compute the corresponding intensity-images off-line or require large and expensive hardware equipment. In this paper, we describe a low-complexity field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based prototype, which computes and visualizes acoustic intensity-images in real-time. The system consists of 32 microphones and performs all signal processing tasks on a low-cost Xilinx Spartan 3E FPGA. The prototype computes intensity-images with a resolution of 320×240 pixels at 10 frames-per-second.
Untersuchungen über Carbene, IX. Carbene aus Sulfoniumsalzen (1961)

Abstract Die Darstellung von Alkyl‐diphenyl‐sulfoniumsalzen wird beschrieben. Mit Tritylnatrium tritt eine Eliminierung ein, die teilweise als α‐Eliminierung und zum Teil nach dem Mechanismus der β‐Eliminierung verläuft. Daneben wirkt die Sulfoniumverbindung als Alklierungsmittel. Das durch α‐Metallierung entstehende Ylid kann in bestimmten Fällen in Diphenylsulfid und Carben zerfallen. Die höheren Carbene reagieren nur noch schlecht mit der Doppelbindung des Cyclohexens.
Growth of some urinary crystals and studies on inhibitors and promoters. II. X‐ray studies and inhibitory or promotery role of some substances (1997)

Abstract Best conditions were established for the gel growth of three urinary crystals viz., calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate and ammonium magnesium phosphate hexahydrate. The crystals grown were characterized using single crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques and density measurements. Crystal growth experiments were carried out by incorporating the extracts or juices of some natural products in the gel media. By carefully observing the changes in the growth of crystals (compared to control experiments carried out at the same conditions), results about the inhibitory or promotery role of the substance incorporated were obtained. It was found that the extracts or juices of many of the naturally occurring substances have interesting inhibitory or promotery effects. These results may have useful applications in the treatment of recurrent stone patients.
Current-induced magnetization dynamics in current perpendicular to the plane spin valves (2004)

We observe magnetization dynamics induced by spin momentum transfer in the noise spectra of current perpendicular to the plane giant magnetoresistance spin valves. The dynamics are observable only for those combinations of current direction and magnetic configuration in which spin transfer acts to reorient the free layer magnetization away from the direction set by the net magnetic field. Detailed measurements as a function of magnetic configuration reveal an evolution of the noise spectra, going from a spectrum with a well-defined noise peak when the free layer is roughly collinear with the pinned layer to a spectrum dominated by $1/f$ noise when the free layer is in an orthogonal configuration. Finally, the amplitude of the corresponding resistance noise increases rapidly with increasing current until it saturates at a value that is a substantial fraction of the magnetoresistance between parallel and antiparallel states.