gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linear and Radial Flow Targets for Characterizing Downhole Flow in Perforations (1989)

Summary Two types of sandstone targets are commonly used to test flow efficiency of shaped-charge jet perforations: "linear" targets, in which flow enters only the unperforated end of the cylindrical sample, and "radial" targets, in which flow enters through the end and sides of the sample. To determine which of these targets best represents downhole conditions, the flow distribution along the length of a perforation has been studied by three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analyses. Linear and radial laboratory targets have been compared with downhole perforations under varying conditions. For ideal perforations, the low-shot-density (LSD) case is adequately represented by the radial target, while the high-shot-density (HSD) case falls between the two targets. With realistic crushed and damaged zones, the HSD case closely matches the linear target, and the LSD case falls between the two targets.
Enhancing Web Search Result Access with Automatic Categorization (2012)

World Wide Web on miljoonille ihmisille tärkeä tietolähde ja hakukoneet (esim. Google) tärkein tapa löytää tietoa sieltä. Hakukoneiden käyttö ei kuitenkaan ole aina yksinkertaista. Tyypillinen käyttäjän kirjoittama hakulause käsittää 2-3 sanaa, jonka perusteella oikeiden sivujen valitseminen miljardien joukosta ja niiden järjestäminen tuloslistaan on vaikeaa. Erityisen vaikea tilanne on silloin, kun hakusanoilla on useita merkityksiä (esimerkiksi hakusana jaguar voi tarkoittaa autoa tai kissaeläintä).\n\nVäitöskirja perustuu kuuteen kansainvälisillä foorumeilla julkaistuun artikkeliin, joissa tutkitaan tapoja auttaa tavallisia käyttäjiä hakutuloslistan hyödyntämisessä. Tavoitteeseen pyritään automaattisella tulosten kategorisoinnilla ja käyttöliittymällä, jotka on suunniteltu tavoitetta varten. Kategorisoinnilla saadaan tuloslistassa olevia aihealueita näkyviin ja käyttöliittymä näyttää käyttäjän valitsemaan kategoriaan liittyvät tulokset. Näin käyttäjä löytää hakemansa tiedon helpommin vaikka hakusana olisi monimerkityksinen. Kokonaisuus toteutettiin Findex nimisessä hakukäyttöliittymässä.\n\nRatkaisun hyödyllisyyttä tutkittiin kontrolloiduilla kokeilla loppukäyttäjien kanssa. Tulokset osoittavat, että käyttäjät löytävät merkityksellisiä hakutuloksia 30-40% nopeammin Findex käyttöliittymällä verrattuna tavalliseen hakukoneeseen, jossa tulokset esitetään järjestetyssä listassa (kuten Google). Lisäksi käyttäjien mielipiteet suosivat uutta käyttöliittymää.\n\nKokeiden tuloksia täydennettiin kahden kuukauden pituisella pitkittäistutkimuksella, jossa Findex hakukäyttöliittymä annettiin koehenkilöille jokapäiväiseen käyttöön. Tulokset viittaavat siihen, että kategorioiden käytöstä tulee hyödyllinen osa käyttäjien hakutottumuksia. Kategorioita ei tarvita jokaisen haun yhteydessä, vaan niitä hyödynnetään keskimäärin joka neljännessä haussa. Normaalissa käytössä hakutuloslistan alku arvioidaan ensin ja jos se ei vastaa käyttäjän tarpeisiin, kategoriat otetaan avuksi.\n\nKategoriat näyttävät siis auttavan käyttäjää silloin, kun perinteinen menetelmä ei nosta käyttäjän kannalta mielekkäitä tuloksia listan alkupäähän. Tutkimus tuotti uutta tietoa kategorisoivien käyttöliittymien hyödyllisyydestä ja edesauttaa niiden jatkokehitystä. Tiedon perusteella hakukäyttöliittymien kehityspanosta voidaan suunnata mielekkäästi ja saada aiempaa tehokkaampia hakutapoja yleiseen käyttöön.
Dkk1 and Msx2–Wnt7b Signaling Reciprocally Regulate the Endothelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Aortic Endothelial Cells (2013)

Dkk1 enhances endothelial-mesenchymal transition in aortic ECs, whereas Wnt7b and Msx2 signals preserve EC phenotype. EC responses to Dkk1, Wnt7b, and Msx2 are the opposite of mesenchymal responses, coupling EC phenotypic stability with osteofibrogenic predilection during arteriosclerosis.
Molecular dynamics study of Cu-Pd ordered alloys (2008)

Purpose: The goal of the paper is to study the molecular dynamics of Cu-Pd ordered alloys. Design/methodology/approach: The thermal and mechanical properties of Cu, Pd pure metals and their ordered intermetallic alloys of Cu3Pd(L12) and CuPd3(L12) are studied by using the molecular dynamics simulation. The melting behavior of the metals considered in this work is studied by utilizing quantum Sutton-Chen (Q-SC) many-body potential. The effects of temperature and concentration on the physical properties of Cu-Pd system are analyzed. Findings: A wide range of properties of Cu, Pd pure metals and their Cu3Pd and CuPd3 ordered intermetallics is presented. It was found that this potential is suitable to give the general characteristics of the melting process in these systems. Practical implications: The simulation results such as cohesive energy, density, elastic constants, bulk modulus, heat capacity, thermal expansion and melting points are in good agreement with the available experimental data and other theoretical calculations. Originality/value: To the best our knowledge this work presents, for the first time, a wide range of physical properties of alloys focusing on Cu-Pd ordered compounds.
The chemokine CXCL13 is a key molecule in autoimmune myasthenia gravis (2006)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is associated with ectopic germinal centers in the thymus. Thymectomy and glucocorticoids are the main treatments but they induce operative risks and side effects, respectively. The aim of this study was to propose new therapies more efficient for MG. We hypothesized that molecules dysregulated in MG thymus and normalized by glucocorticoids may play a key role in thymic pathogenesis. Using gene chip analysis, we identified 88 genes complying with these criteria, the most remarkable being the B-cell chemoattractant (CXCL13). Its expression was increased in thymus and sera of glucocorticoid-untreated patients and decreased in response to treatment in correlation with clinical improvement. Normal B cells were actively chemoattracted by thymic extracts from glucocorticoid-untreated patients, an effect inhibited by anti-CXCL13 antibodies. In the thymus, CXCL13 was preferentially produced by epithelial cells and overproduced by epithelial cells from MG patients. Altogether, our results suggest that a high CXCL13 production by epithelial cells could be responsible for germinal center formation in MG thymus. Furthermore, they show that this gene is a main target of corticotherapy. Thus, new therapies targeting CXCL13 could be of interest for MG and other autoimmune diseases characterized by ectopic germinal center formation.
Thermophysical and some physicomechanical properties of glasses of the Zn(PO/sub 3/)/sub 2/-Al(PO/sub 3/)/sub 3/-Y(PO/sub 3/)/sub 3/ system (1988)

Glasses were studied in which the aluminum phosphate to yttrium phosphate ratio was kept at 1 to 1 while the concentration of zinc phosphate was decreased from 100 to 0 mole%. The crystallization tendency, density, coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE), and microhardness were determined. Raman spectra were obtained to confirm the data obtained and to demonstrate the role of the cation in the general metaphosphate structure. An increase in aluminum and yttrium ion concentration in phosphate glass lead to a reduction in the density and CLTE and to an increase in the microhardness, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. The smooth change in the properties correlated with the structural reorganizations which occur.
New standard H.264 on video encoding and analysis of its performance (2003)

In this paper,we introduce the new video coding standard H.264/MPEG4-10,analyze the key technology and coding performance compare with H.262;H.263;MPEG-4ASP[
Combined Static and Dynamic Analysis (2005)

Static analysis is usually faster than dynamic analysis but less precise. Therefore it is often desirable to retain information from static analysis for run-time verification, or to compare the results of both techniques. However, this requires writing two programs, which may not act identically under the same conditions. It would be desirable to share the same generic algorithm by static and dynamic analysis. In JNuke, a framework for static and dynamic analysis of Java programs, this has been achieved. By keeping the architecture of static analysis similar to a virtual machine, the only key difference between abstract interpretation and execution remains the nature of program states. In dynamic analysis, concrete states are available, while in static analysis, sets of (abstract) states are considered. Our new analysis is generic because it can re-use the same algorithm in static analysis and dynamic analysis. This paper describes the architecture of such a generic analysis. To our knowledge, JNuke is the first tool that has achieved this integration, which enables static and dynamic analysis to interact in novel ways.
Electronic and structural properties of doped amorphous and nanocrystalline silicon deposited at low substrate temperatures by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2003)

The gas phase doping of hydrogenated amorphous silicon and hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon thin films deposited on glass and on plastic (polyethylene terephthalate) substrates is reported. Two substrate temperatures were used during deposition: 25 °C and 100 °C. Films were deposited by radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition using phosphine or diborane for n- or p-type doping, respectively. Similar electronic and structural properties are obtained for the doped films deposited on either substrate. Hydrogen dilution of silane is used to improve the electronic and structural properties of the amorphous films and to obtain nanocrystalline films. The most conductive amorphous films have n-type dark conductivity at room temperature ∼10−3 Ω−1 cm−1 and ∼10−5 Ω−1 cm−1 when deposited at 100 °C and 25 °C, respectively, or p-type room-temperature dark conductivity ∼10−7 Ω−1 cm−1 at both substrate temperatures. The most conductive nanocrystalline films deposited at 100 °C have n- and p-type dark conductivity at room temperature above 10−2 Ω−1 cm−1 while nanocrystalline films deposited at 25 °C only have p-type conductivity higher than 10−2 Ω−1 cm−1 at room temperature. Isochronal annealing at temperatures up to 300 °C showed that the dopants are fully activated at the deposition temperature in doped nanocrystalline samples and that they are only partially activated in amorphous films deposited at low substrate temperatures.
I (Don't) See What You Typed There! Shoulder-surfing Resistant Password Entry on Gamepads (2019)

Using gamepad-driven devices like games consoles is an activity frequently shared with others. Thus, shoulder-surfing is a serious threat. To address this threat, we present the first investigation of shoulder-surfing resistant text password entry on gamepads by (1) identifying the requirements of this context; (2) assessing whether shoulder-surfing resistant authentication schemes proposed in non-gamepad contexts can be viably adapted to meet these requirements; (3) proposing "Colorwheels", a novel shoulder-surfing resistant authentication scheme specifically geared towards this context; (4) using two different methodologies proposed in the literature for evaluating shoulder-surfing resistance to compare "Colorwheels", on-screen keyboards (the de facto standard in this context), and an existing shoulder-surfing resistant scheme which we identified during our assessment and adapted for the gamepad context; (5) evaluating all three schemes regarding their usability. Having applied different methodologies to measure shoulder-surfing resistance, we discuss their strengths and pitfalls and derive recommendations for future research.
Diacylglycerol kinase α controls RCP-dependent integrin trafficking to promote invasive migration (2012)

Inhibition of αvβ3 integrin or expression of oncogenic mutants of p53 promote invasive cell migration by enhancing endosomal recycling of α5β1 integrin under control of the Rab11 effector Rab-coupling protein (RCP). In this paper, we show that diacylglycerol kinase α (DGK-α), which phosphorylates diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid (PA), was required for RCP to be mobilized to and tethered at the tips of invasive pseudopods and to allow RCP-dependent α5β1 recycling and the resulting invasiveness of tumor cells. Expression of a constitutive-active mutant of DGK-α drove RCP-dependent invasion in the absence of mutant p53 expression or αvβ3 inhibition, and conversely, an RCP mutant lacking the PA-binding C2 domain was not capable of being tethered at pseudopod tips. These data demonstrate that generation of PA downstream of DGK-α is essential to connect expression of mutant p53s or inhibition of αvβ3 to RCP and for this Rab11 effector to drive the trafficking of α5β1 that is required for tumor cell invasion through three-dimensional matrices.
27. Oxygen heterocycles. Part X. The acylation of benzofuran (1964)

N. P. Buu-Hoï, N. D. Xuong and N. V. Bac, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 173 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640000173
Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides Promote Microbial Mutagenesis and Pathoadaptation in Chronic Infections (2014)

Acquisition of adaptive mutations is essential for microbial persistence during chronic infections. This is particularly evident during chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Thus far, mutagenesis has been attributed to the generation of reactive species by polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) and antibiotic treatment. However, our current studies of mutagenesis leading to P. aeruginosa mucoid conversion have revealed a potential new mutagen. Our findings confirmed the current view that reactive oxygen species can promote mucoidy in vitro, but revealed PMNs are proficient at inducing mucoid conversion in the absence of an oxidative burst. This led to the discovery that cationic antimicrobial peptides can be mutagenic and promote mucoidy. Of specific interest was the human cathelicidin LL-37, canonically known to disrupt bacterial membranes leading to cell death. An alternative role was revealed at sub-inhibitory concentrations, where LL-37 was found to induce mutations within the mucA gene encoding a negative regulator of mucoidy and to promote rifampin resistance in both P. aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The mechanism of mutagenesis was found to be dependent upon sub-inhibitory concentrations of LL-37 entering the bacterial cytosol and binding to DNA. LL-37/DNA interactions then promote translesion DNA synthesis by the polymerase DinB, whose error-prone replication potentiates the mutations. A model of LL-37 bound to DNA was generated, which reveals amino termini α-helices of dimerized LL-37 bind the major groove of DNA, with numerous DNA contacts made by LL-37 basic residues. This demonstrates a mutagenic role for antimicrobials previously thought to be insusceptible to resistance by mutation, highlighting a need to further investigate their role in evolution and pathoadaptation in chronic infections.
Organic Reactions at Alumina Surfaces (1978)

Abstract Recent examples are given to emphasize that alumina can cause many different and often unexpected chemical reactions of adsorbed organic molecules. Recent developments are summarized to publicize that reagent‐doped alumina can be used deliberately to achieve some very mild and highly selective organic transformations. The scope and limitations of organic reactions at alumina surfaces are discussed, and the advantages of these heterogeneous reactions over the corresponding homogeneous ones are pointed out. The role of the alumina and future problems are discussed briefly.
On the least squares tap adjustment algorithm in adaptive digital echo cancellers (1990)

Fast recursive algorithms for updating coefficients in digital echo cancellers can be derived from the well-known method of least squares. Unless zero initial conditions are assumed, the exact initialization of these algorithms is yet unknown. For random data of more than twice the order of the filter, the existence of a unique least squares solution is proven. A constructive recursive procedure in time and order for computing the pseudoinverse solution for the initial steps is derived. Since the data matrix is composed of integers, this technique facilitates the implementation of stable tap-update algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Genetic susceptibility to non-polyposis colorectal cancer (1999)

Familial colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major public health problem by virtue of its relatively high frequency. Some 15-20% of all CRCs are familial. Among these, familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), caused by germline mutations in the APC gene, accounts for less than 1%. Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), also called Lynch syndrome, accounts for approximately 5-8% of all CRC patients. Among these, some 3% are mutation positive, that is, caused by germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair genes that have so far been implicated (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, PMS1, and PMS2). Most of the remaining patients belonging to HNPCC or HNPCC-like families are still molecularly unexplained. Among the remaining familial CRCs, a large proportion is probably caused by gene mutations and polymorphisms of low penetrance, of which the I1307K polymorphism in the APC gene is a prime example. Molecular genetic findings have enabled hereditary CRC to be divided into two groups: (1) tumours that show microsatellite instability (MSI), occur more frequently in the right colon, have diploid DNA, harbour characteristic mutations such as transforming growth factor beta type II receptor and BAX, and behave indolently, of which HNPCC is an example; and (2) tumours with chromosomal instability (CIN), which tend to be left sided, show aneuploid DNA, harbour characteristic mutations such as K-ras, APC, and p53, and behave aggressively, of which FAP is an example. This review focuses most heavily on the clinical features, pathology, molecular genetics, surveillance, and management including prophylactic surgery in HNPCC. Because of the difficulty in diagnosing HNPCC, a detailed differential diagnosis of the several hereditary CRC variants is provided. The extant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in CRC leads to the conclusion that it is no longer appropriate to discuss the genetics of CRC without defining the specific hereditary CRC syndrome of concern. Therefore, it is important to ascertain cancer of all anatomical sites, as well as non-cancer phenotypic stigmata (such as the perioral and mucosal pigmentations in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome), when taking a family cancer history.
De novo assembly of highly polymorphic metagenomic data using in situ generated reference sequences and a novel BLAST-based assembly pipeline (2017)

Both PDR and BBAP independently increased the assembly efficiency and accuracy of highly polymorphic data, and assembly performances were further improved when used together. BBAP also provides nucleotide frequency information. Together, PDR and BBAP provide powerful tools for metagenomic data studies.
Keep Leases Up With New Farming Methods (1951)

Farming methods change rapidly. But farm leases based largely on custom change slowly. So if custom can't keep up with the changes, we'll have to work out new arrangements ourselves.
Novel Oxadiazole-Containing Polyfluorene with Efficient Blue Electroluminescence (2002)

A novel oxdiazole-containing polyfluorene copolymer (PF−OXD) was synthesized by attaching two electron-deficient, 4-tert-butylphenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole groups onto the C-9 position of the alternating fluorene unit to form a 3-D cardo-structure. This polymer possesses a very high glass transition temperature (Tg: 213 °C) and very good thermal stability due to its rigid cardo-linkage. The results from the photoluminescence measurements of the isothermally heated PF−OXD thin film (150 °C for 20 h) show that the commonly observed aggregate/excimer formation in polyfluorenes is very effectively suppressed in this polymer due to its 3-D structure and high Tg. A double-layer LED device using this polymer as the emitting layer shows a bright blue emission with a low turn-on voltage at 5.3 V and a high brightness of 2770 cd/m2 at a drive voltage of 10.8 V. The maximum external quantum efficiency is 0.52% at 537 cd/m2 with a bias of 7.4 V. The improved device performance over that of poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (POF) may be due to better electron injection and transport in PF−OXD and the efficient energy transfer from the OXD side chain to the polyfluorene main chains.
Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome (2003)

The prevalence of marked obesity is increasing rapidly among adults and has more than doubled in 10 years. Sixty-one percent of the adult population of the United States is overweight or obese. Americans are the fattest people on earth. Paradoxically these increases in the numbers of persons who are obese or overweight have occurred during recent years when Americans have been preoccupied with numerous dietary programs, diet products, weight control, health clubs, home exercise equipment, and physical fitness videos, each "guaranteed" to bring rapid results. Overweight and obesity are also world problems. The World Health Organization estimates that 1 billion people around the world are now overweight or obese. Westernization of diets has been part of the problem. Fruits, vegetables, and whole grains are being replaced by readily accessible foods high in saturated fat, sugar, and refined carbohydrates. Since class 3 obesity (morbid or extreme obesity) is associated with the most severe health complications, the incidence of hypertension, stroke, heart disease, diabetes, and peripheral vascular disease will increase substantially in the future. Recently, obesity alone has been implicated in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and CHF. The metabolic syndrome associated with abdominal obesity, which includes insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and elevated CRP levels, identifies subjects who have an increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Twenty to 25% of the adult population in the United States have the metabolic syndrome, and in some older groups this prevalence approaches 50%. The prevalence of overweight children in the United States has also been increasing dramatically, especially among non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican-American adolescents. Overweight children usually become overweight adults. Atherosclerosis begins in childhood. The degree of atherosclerotic changes in children and young adults can be correlated with the presence of the same risk factors seen in adults. As health providers, our direction is obvious!
The lipoxygenase pathway in garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> L.) bulbs: detection of the novel divinyl ether oxylipins (1995)

Incubations of [1-14C]linoleic acid or [1-14C]-(9Z,11E, 13S)-13-hydropero xy-9,11-octadecadienoic acid (13-HPOD) with juice of garlic bulbs lead to the formation of one predominant labelled product, viz., the novel divinyl ether (9Z,11E, 1'E)-12-(1'-hexenyloxy)-9,11-dodecadienoic acid ('etheroleic acid'). With lesser efficiency [1-14C]alpha-linolenic acid or [1-14C](9Z,11E, 13S,15Z)-13-hydroperoxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid (13-HPOT) are converted in this way into (9Z,11E,1'E,1'E,3'Z)-12-(1',3'-hexadienyloxy)-9,11- dodecadienoic acid ('etherolenic acid'). Thus, garlic bulbs possess the activity of a new 13-hydroperoxide-specific divinyl ether synthase.
Nonlinear Raman cross-talk in a video overlay passive optical network (2004)

We investigate experimentally and analytically effects due to stimulated Raman scattering on a 1550 nm sub-carrier multiplexed video signal when co-propagating with 1490 nm digital traffic in a passive optical network. If certain design rules are not followed, up to 5 dB of CNR degradation at the lowest frequency video channel is possible.
Cardiac‐specific Hexokinase 2 Overexpression Attenuates Hypertrophy by Increasing Pentose Phosphate Pathway Flux (2013)

These results suggest that HK2 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy by decreasing ROS accumulation via increased pentose phosphate pathway flux.