gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INHIBITION OF ASTAXANTHIN SYNTHESIS UNDER HIGH IRRADIANCE DOES NOT ABOLISH TRIACYLGLYCEROL ACCUMULATION IN THE GREEN ALGA <i>HAEMATOCOCCUS PLUVIALIS</i> (CHLOROPHYCEAE)<sup>1</sup> (2005)

Under stress conditions, Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow accumulates fatty acid–esterified astaxanthin, in extraplastidial lipid globules. The enhanced accumulation of fatty acids, mainly in triacylglycerols (TAG), among which oleic acid predominates, is linearly correlated with that of astaxanthin. We used inhibitors of either carotenoid or lipid biosynthesis to assess the interrelationship between carotenogenesis and TAG accumulation under high light irradiance as the stress factor. The two carotenogenesis inhibitors used—norflurazon, an inhibitor of phytoene desaturase, and diphenylamine (DPA), an inhibitor of β‐carotene C‐4 oxygenase—suppressed the accumulation of astaxanthin in a concentration‐dependent manner. Concurrently, the accumulation of neutral lipids was significantly less affected. The lipid biosynthesis inhibitor sethoxydim, which inhibits acetyl‐CoA carboxylase, significantly decreased de novo fatty acid synthesis and, in concert, drastically inhibited astaxanthin formation. In the presence of various concentrations of the three inhibitors, the inhibition of astaxanthin was not accompanied by a proportional decrease in oleic acid, which was used as a marker for TAG fatty acids. When astaxanthin synthesis was completely inhibited, the volumetric content of oleic acid was about 60% of the control value when the two carotenogenesis inhibitors (0.05 μM norflurazon or 20 μM DPA) were used and 27% of the control when the lipid‐synthesis inhibitor (50 μM) was used. We suggest therefore that TAG accumulation under high irradiance is not tightly coupled with astaxanthin accumulation, although the correlation between these two processes was demonstrated earlier. Furthermore, we propose that the accumulation of a certain amount of TAG is a prerequisite for the initiation of fatty acid–esterified astaxanthin accumulation in lipid globules.
REO: a generic RAID engine and optimizer (2007)

Present day applications that require reliable data storage use one of five commonly available RAID levels to protect against data loss due to media or disk failures. With a marked rise in the quantity of stored data and no commensurate improvement in disk reliability, a greater variety is becoming necessary to contain costs. Adding new RAID codes to an implementation becomes cost prohibitive since they require significant development, testing and tuning efforts. We suggest a novel solution to this problem: a generic RAID Engine and Optimizer (REO). It is generic in that it works for any XOR-based erasure (RAID) code and under any combination of sector or disk failures. REO can systematically deduce a least cost reconstruction strategy for a read to lost pages or for an update strategy for a flush of dirty pages. Using trace driven simulations we show that REO can automatically tune I/O performance to be competitive with existing RAID implementations.
Morphology and dynamical mechanical properties of poly ether ketone ketone (<scp>PEKK</scp>) with meta phenyl links (2016)

ABSTRACT Poly ether ketone ketone (PEKK) with different proportion of meta phenyl links were investigated by combining differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis. The influence of the Terephthalyl/Isophthalyl isomers (T/I) ratio on the vitreous phase is mild, the shift of the glass transition is limited to a few degrees and the vitreous G′ is only sensitive to the content of the crystalline phase. Contrarily, the increase of meta isomers is responsible for a significant decrease of the melting temperature (T m ) by 60 °C, which considerably facilitates processing. The modification of interchain interactions in the crystalline phase might be implied. A series of thermal protocols evidenced that the difference of crystallization behavior is also dependent upon the T/I isomer ratio. A time and temperature dependence of annealing on the double melting behavior of PEKK was observed. Regarding the mechanical behavior, the observed reinforcing effect due to the crystalline phase was more prominent in the rubbery state than in the glassy state. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43396.
Visual field screening system by using overlapped fixation patterns (2012)

Abstract This study introduces a novel technique for estimating visual field by using overlapped fixation patterns obtained by the amounts of displacement in voluntary eye movements during searching‐tracking trials, as an alternative screening medical device for visual field examination. The proposed system was evaluated by glaucoma patients in order to study whether or not the proposed system can be used as a visual field detection device for screening. The proposed system was found to detect visual field abnormality to a certain extent. However, there were some cases in which detection of Mariotte blind spots was inaccurately performed. The experimental results revealed that there was room to reconsider our understanding regarding the effect of ptosis, overlapping with eyesight, as well as calibration of the display position to the correct location to be examined. The results of the evaluation experiment indicated that this proposed system has the potential to be used as a visual field examination device for screening. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 95(7): 29–40, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.11384
Effect of melt viscosity and surface tension of polymers on the percolation threshold of conductive-particle-filled polymeric composites (1986)

Abstract The electrical conductivities of carbon-black-filled low-density polyethylene (LDPE), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and poly(vinyl chloride)-vinyl acetate (PVC/ VAc) copolymer were measured as functions of carbon content and melt viscosity of the matrix at the temperatures at which the composites were prepared. Sharp breaks in the relationship between the carbon filler content and the conductivity of composites were observed in all specimens at some content of the carbon filler. The conductivity jumps as much as 10 orders of magnitude at the break point. This phenomenon has been known as the “percolation threshold”. The critical carbon content corresponding to the break point
Providing reliable supply of safe drinking water poses challenges (2000)

Chlorination of drinking water has eradicated most waterborne disease epidemics. However, small water-supply systems struggle to maintain water quality and aging water-distribution systems are prone to contamination. By the year 2025, California's projected population of 48 million will demand between 1 trillion and 5 trillion gallons per year. Municipal demands clearly will exceed the currently available supply of tap water, forcing conservation and reuse. Future regulations are expected to focus on the quality of the water flowing from the user's tap, rather than the quality exiting the water-treatment facility. As little as 16% of the water treated and conforming to drinking-water health standards is likely to come into direct contact with humans, such as for bathing and drinking. Development of dual water-distribution systems would separate water destined for human consumption from that destined for firefighting, toilet flushing and other domestic uses. As industry manufactures new compounds for drugs, antibiotics, household products and so on, water treatment must be modified to remove or neutralize these new contaminants. Monitoring for new and chlorine-resistant pathogens is also needed.
Increased Thalamic Gamma Band Activity Correlates with Symptom Relief following Deep Brain Stimulation in Humans with Tourette’s Syndrome (2012)

Tourette syndrome (TS) is an idiopathic, childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder, which is marked by persistent multiple motor and phonic tics. The disorder is highly disruptive and in some cases completely debilitating. For those with severe, treatment-refractory TS, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a possible option, although its mechanism of action is not fully understood. We performed a longitudinal study of the effects of DBS on TS symptomatology while concomitantly examining neurophysiological dynamics. We present the first report of the clinical correlation between the presence of gamma band activity and decreased tic severity. Local field potential recordings from five subjects implanted in the centromedian nucleus (CM) of the thalamus revealed a temporal correlation between the power of gamma band activity and the clinical metrics of symptomatology as measured by the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale and the Modified Rush Tic Rating Scale. Additional studies utilizing short-term stimulation also produced increases in gamma power. Our results suggest that modulation of gamma band activity in both long-term and short-term DBS of the CM is a key factor in mitigating the pathophysiology associated with TS.
Selective determination of chlorine dioxide using gas diffusion flow injection analysis (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective determination of chlorine dioxide using gas diffusion flow injection analysisDavid A. Hollowell, Gilbert E. Pacey, and Gilbert. GordonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 14, 2851–2854Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00291a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00291a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
6.2 A 460mW 112Gb/s DSP-Based Transceiver with 38dB Loss Compensation for Next-Generation Data Centers in 7nm FinFET Technology (2020)

Explosive growth in mega-scale data centers drives switch chips to transition from 12.8Tb/s to 51.2Tb/s throughput. A 51.2Tb/s switch requires 512 lanes operating at 106Gb/s PAM-4. Such a massive integration of electrical SERDES is restrained by three factors: First, a large switch die size (>25×25mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) substantially lowers yield and prohibitively increases cost. Second, a large-size package suffers more than 10dB insertion loss from combined TX and RX traces. Considering practical equalization capabilities of a long-reach system (>30dB), 10dB package loss significantly limits the available channel reach. Lastly, channel reflection and cross-talk are excessive at 100Gb/s, which puts a ceiling on attainable BER.
Inverse modeling and mapping US air quality influences of inorganic PM <sub>2.5</sub> precursor emissions using the adjoint of GEOS-Chem (2009)

Abstract. Influences of specific sources of inorganic PM2.5 on peak and ambient aerosol concentrations in the US are evaluated using a combination of inverse modeling and sensitivity analysis. First, sulfate and nitrate aerosol measurements from the IMPROVE network are assimilated using the four-dimensional variational (4D-Var) method into the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model in order to constrain emissions estimates in four separate month-long inversions (one per season). Of the precursor emissions, these observations primarily constrain ammonia (NH3). While the net result is a decrease in estimated US~NH3 emissions relative to the original inventory, there is considerable variability in adjustments made to NH3 emissions in different locations, seasons and source sectors, such as focused decreases in the midwest during July, broad decreases throughout the US~in January, increases in eastern coastal areas in April, and an effective redistribution of emissions from natural to anthropogenic sources. Implementing these constrained emissions, the adjoint model is applied to quantify the influences of emissions on representative PM2.5 air quality metrics within the US. The resulting sensitivity maps display a wide range of spatial, sectoral and seasonal variability in the susceptibility of the air quality metrics to absolute emissions changes and the effectiveness of incremental emissions controls of specific source sectors. NH3 emissions near sources of sulfur oxides (SOx) are estimated to most influence peak inorganic PM2.5 levels in the East; thus, the most effective controls of NH3 emissions are often disjoint from locations of peak NH3 emissions. Controls of emissions from industrial sectors of SOx and NOx are estimated to be more effective than surface emissions, and changes to NH3 emissions in regions dominated by natural sources are disproportionately more effective than regions dominated by anthropogenic sources. NOx controls are most effective in northern states in October; in January, SOx controls may be counterproductive. When considering ambient inorganic PM2.5 concentrations, intercontinental influences are small, though transboundary influences within North America are significant, with SOx emissions from surface sources in Mexico contributing almost a fourth of the total influence from this sector.
Assessment and validation of a suite of reverse transcription-quantitative PCR reference genes for analyses of density-dependent behavioural plasticity in the Australian plague locust (2011)

Arm and EF1a is the most stably expressed combination of two reference genes of the eight examined for reliable normalization of RT-qPCR assays studying density-dependent behavioural change in the Australian plague locust. Such normalization allowed us to show that C. terminifera crowding did not change the neuronal expression of the SPARC gene, a gregarious phase-specific gene identified in brains of the desert locust, S. gregaria. Such comparative results on density-dependent gene regulation provide insights into the evolution of gregarious behaviour and mass migration of locusts. The eight identified genes we evaluated are also candidates as normalization genes for use in experiments involving other Oedipodinae species, but the rank order of gene stability must necessarily be determined on a case-by-case basis.
Laser-Based Particle-Counting Microimmunoassay for the Analysis of Single Human Erythrocytes (1994)

A particle-counting immunoassay system for ultrasensitive analysis of proteins in a capillary environment has been developed. The assay is based on the agglutination of antibody-coated particles in the presence of an antigen (usually a protein). The particles were electrophoretically migrated in a 20-microns-i.d. capillary past a detection window where a laser beam irradiates continuously. The light scattering events generated by the agglutinated particles were counted while those produced by unreacted particles were electronically rejected. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) was chosen as a test compound for the off-column as well as for the on-column versions of this method. A limit of detection of 620 molecules of G6PDH (1 zmol) was found in the on-column assay. The standard deviation between runs was approximately 6%, which is comparable to that of standard immunoassay methods. The application to the determination of G6PDH levels in individual human erythrocytes is presented. A 14-fold cell-to-cell variation was found which can be explained by the age distribution in the red blood cells.
Coloration metrics for headphone equalization (2015)

Presented at the 21st International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2015), July 6-10, 2015, Graz, Styria, Austria.
Long Summer Days: Grounded Learning of Words for the Uneven Cycles of Real World Events (2012)

Time and space are fundamental to human language and embodied cognition. In our early work we investigated how Lingodroids, robots with the ability to build their own maps, could evolve their own geopersonal spatial language. In subsequent studies we extended the framework developed for learning spatial concepts and words to learning temporal intervals. This paper considers a new aspect of time, the naming of concepts like morning, afternoon, dawn, and dusk, which are events that are part of day-night cycles, but are not defined by specific time points on a clock. Grounding of such terms refers to events and features of the diurnal cycle, such as light levels. We studied event-based time in which robots experienced day-night cycles that varied with the seasons throughout a year. Then we used meet-at tasks to demonstrate that the words learned were grounded, where the times to meet were morning and afternoon, rather than specific clock times. The studies show how words and concepts for a novel aspect of cyclic time can be grounded through experience with events rather than by times as measured by clocks or calendars.
Soil Amendments Affecting Nickel and Cobalt Uptake by Berkheya coddii: Potential Use for Phytomining and Phytoremediation (1999)

Plants with inordinately high concentrations of heavy metals (‘hyperaccumulators’) can be used for phytoremediation (removal of contaminants from soils) or phytomining (growing a crop of plants to harvest the metals). Pot trials were used to investigate the effects of MgCO 3 , CaCO 3 , sulphur, chelating agents (NTA, DTPA, EDTA) and acid mine tailings on nickel and cobalt uptake by the South African nickel hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii. Plants were grown in a nickel-rich ultramafic (‘serpentine’) soil diluted with pumice. Both MgCO 3 and CaCO 3 caused significant decreases in the uptake of both metals, as well as decreasing their solubility in the soil. After the addition of MgCO 3, there was a significant increase in soil pH, so the reduction in plant-metal uptake could not be solely attributed to the action of magnesium alone. Since CaCO 3 had no significant effect on soil pH, this indicated that calcium inhibits the uptake of both cobalt and nickel. All three chelating agents caused a significant reduction in plant uptake of nickel, despite increasing the solubility (plant availability) of these elements in the soil. Cobalt uptake was unaffected. Sulphur, and the addition of acid mine tailings, caused a highly significant increase in nickel and cobalt uptake, relative to the controls. Sulphur could be used as a low-cost soil amendment to enhance the metal uptake of crops grown on ultramafic soils. Thus, land management procedures would enhance phytoremediation and phytomining operations for nickel and cobalt. Copyright 1999 Annals of Botany Company
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of Isolates of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 of Diverse Geographical Origins (1991)

Nucleotide sequences for long terminal repeat (LTR), gag, the protease gene, and pol of a human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) isolate of probable Caribbean origin (HTLV-1CH) and a Zairian isolate (HTLV-1EL) were determined providing complete proviral sequences for these isolates. These sequences were compared with those available from previously analyzed isolates. Nucleotide sequence differences of 1.2-3.3% were identified among isolates for which complete genetic information was available. Nucleotide sequence diversity was distributed relatively evenly over the genome with 1.3-5.2% differences in the LTR, 1.1-2.9% differences in gag, 0.7-2.1% differences in the protease gene, 0.9-2.5% differences in pol, 0.9-2.4% differences in env, 0.0-1.4% differences in rex, and 0.1-2.6% differences in tax. There were 1.2-2.3% amino acid differences overall, with 0.8-1.6% nonconservative amino acid alterations. Nucleotide differences were not found in regions of the LTR which are important for transcriptional activity or Tax response. Within the Rex-response element, nucleotide differences were found predominantly in loop rather than stem structures, thus, maintaining the overall secondary structure necessary for Rex activity. Evolutionary tree analysis of the sequence differences suggests a predominant clustering of different HTLV1 strains according to geographical origin. An open reading frame was also identified on the minus DNA strand situated between the env and rex/tax genes which exhibits 0.1-6.9% nucleotide sequence variation among HTLV1 strains. The limited sequence variation among HTLV-1 strains is in striking contrast to the extensive heterogeneity seen among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains.
An IOMMU for hardware-assisted full virtualization of heterogeneous multi-core SoCs (2013)

Hardware virtualization is a major challenge in embedded virtualization. The key to improving resource utilization in a virtualized system is to allow maximum possible resource access operations to perform natively with minimal intervention by the virtual machine monitor, while at the same time ensuring protected operation among different virtual machines’ address space. An innovative I/O Memory Management Unit component (IOMMU) is architected to enable mapping of virtual addresses from multiple devices to the correct VM’s physical memory locations, offering enhanced protection, scatter-gather functions on distributed memory organizations, high performance supported by a configurable TLB and an integrated lightweight hardware monitoring unit to facilitate dynamic system optimizations. This new IOMMU is designed in a modular way supporting address translation along with protection and security extensions. The principal objective is to ensure device isolation by safely mapping a device to a particular guest without risking the integrity of other guests. Additionally, the IOMMU is designed to provide an increased level of security in scenarios without virtualization; with the aid of the IOMMU, the operating system is able to protect itself from malicious device drivers by limiting a device's memory accesses and managing the permissions of peripheral devices.
Transcriptional mapping and nucleotide sequence of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a polypeptide with extensive homology to DNA ligases (1989)

Nucleotide sequencing of the vaccinia virus SalI F DNA fragment identified an open reading frame of 552 amino acids encoding a protein of 63.3 kDa. The deduced amino acid sequence shares 30% identity with S. pombe and S. cerevisiae DNA ligases, with homology strongest near the carboxy terminus and around the lysine residue required for ligase-adenylate formation. Prokaryotic DNA ligases are poorly related to the vaccinia sequence. The initiation codon of the ORF forms part of a late transcriptional initiation sequence TAAATG and is preceded by two overlapping early transcriptional termination signals, TTTTTTTAT. Nonetheless, RNA mapping showed that the ligase gene is transcribed early during infection and the 5' end of the mRNA maps to the TAAATG motif. The possible roles of a DNA ligase in vaccinia virus DNA replication and recombination are discussed.