gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of an essential Caulobacter crescentus gene encoding a member of the Obg family of GTP-binding proteins (1997)

We have identified an essential Caulobacter crescentus gene (cgtA) that encodes a member of a recently identified subfamily of GTPases (the Obg family) conserved from Bacteria to Archaea to humans. This evolutionary conservation between distantly related species suggests that this family of GTP-binding proteins possesses a fundamental, yet unknown, cellular role. In this report, we describe the isolation and sequence of the cgtA gene. The predicted CgtA protein displays striking similarity to the Obg family of small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins, both in the conserved guanine nucleotide-binding domains and throughout the N-terminal glycine-rich domain that is found in many members of the Obg family. Disruption of the cgtA gene was lethal, demonstrating that this gene is essential for cell growth. Immunoblot analysis revealed that CgtA protein levels remained constant throughout the C. crescentus cell cycle.
Appealing to the Republic of Letters: An Autopsy of Anti-venereal Trials in Eighteenth-century Mexico (2013)

This study analyses the narrative elements of a little-known report into anti-venereal trials written by an Irish military physician-surgeon, Daniel O'Sullivan (1760-<i>c</i>.1797). It explores the way in which O'Sullivan as the narrator of the <i>Historico-critical report</i> creates medical heroes and anti-heroes as a means to criticise procedures initiated by staff in the Hospital General de San Andrés, Mexico City. The resulting work depicts a much less positive picture of medical trials and hospital authorities in this period than has been recorded to date, and provides a critical and complicated assessment of one of Spain's leading physicians of the nineteenth century, Francisco Javier Balmis (1753-1819).
[Resorbable implants for refixation of osteochondral fragments in joint surfaces]. (1986)

Resorbable pins made of solid polydioxanone (PDS) were tested for refixation of osteochondral fragments. In both medial femoral condyles of sheep osteochondral fragments were chiselled and refixed by 3 PDS pins. After 3 months the sheep were sacrificed and healing of the fragments investigated histologically and biomechanically. Fragment dislocation was not seen in any of the cases and the cartilage surface could be described as normal. The strength of the bone healing zone reached 80% of the strength of the normal bone. The contact surface between fragment and subchondral bone showed complete bony healing. Only the border of the cartilage flake was still visible. The PDS pins had not been completely biodegraded after 3 months.
Facile formation of a bridging cyclooctatrieneyne ligand; synthesis and molecular structure of [{η-C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>6</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}Zr{CH(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}{µ-η<sup>8</sup>: η<sup>2</sup>-C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>4</sub>(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}Zr{CH(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>}] (1994)

The reaction between the bridging chloride dimer [{Zr(η-COT″)Cl2}2][COT″= 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)cyclooctatetraene] and [LiCH(SiMe3)2] affords the title complex, whose X-ray structure reveals a bridging cyclooctatrieneyne ligand resulting from double hydrogen abstraction from a COT ring.
Collaborative Spectrum Sensing in a Cognitive Radio System with Laplacian Noise (2012)

The receiver operating characteristic curve is evaluated for a cognitive radio system with Laplacian noise. The characteristic functions and cumulative distribution functions at the output of an energy detector are derived for primary user ON/OFF hypotheses. Approximate closed-form expressions for the probability density functions and cumulative distribution functions at the output of an energy detector are also obtained using the Pearson approximation. With Gaussian noise, it is known that the 1-out-of-N data fusion rule provides the lowest probability of miss detection for a given probability of false alarm among K-out-of-N fusion rules. Our results show that this is not necessarily true with Laplacian noise.
Stochastic Optimal Control of Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2017)

Energy management strategies (EMSs) in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are highly related to the fuel economy and emission performances. However, EMS constitutes a challenging problem due to the complex structure of a HEV and the unknown or partially known driving cycles. To meet this problem, this paper adopts a stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) method for the EMS of a specially designed vehicle, a pre-transmission single-shaft torque-coupling parallel HEV. In this parallel HEV, the auto clutch output is connected to the transmission input through an electric motor, which benefits an efficient motor assist operation. In this EMS, demanded torque of driver is modeled as a one-state Markov process to represent the uncertainty of future driving situations. The obtained EMS has been evaluated with ADVISOR2002 over two standard government drive cycles and a self-defined one, and compared with a dynamic programming (DP) one and a rule-based one. Simulation results have shown the real-time performance of the proposed approach, and potential vehicle performance improvement relative to the rule-based one.
Heart failure ketosis (1997)

These data suggest that severe CHF is a ketosis-prone state. Augmented supply of free fatty acids for ketogenesis due to increased stress hormone-related lipolysis is one likely mechanism.
Surface deformation of gold nanorod-loaded poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles after near infrared irradiation: an active and controllable drug release system (2010)

A novel drug release method for poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles is reported. NIR laser irradiation (808 ± 3 nm) on gold nanorods (GNRs) co-encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles triggered surface protuberances (as studied by AFM) and induced rapid drug release. The NIR thus acts as a non-invasive external light source for active and controllable drug release from the PLGA/GNR composite nanoparticles. This type of drug delivery system may be of value in in vivo target delivery in the future.
Seroepidemiologic survey of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses of northern California (1990)

The prevalence of antibodies to Ehrlichia equi in horses from the foothill regions of northern California and from the Sacramento valley (non-foothill area) was determined, using an indirect fluorescent antibody test. Horses from foothill regions had a higher prevalence of seropositivity (10.4%) and higher titer (1:10 to 1:80) than did those from non-foothill regions (3.1%; titer less than or equal to 1:10). Fifty percent of healthy horses on a foothill farm enzootic for E equi had titer to E equi, suggesting that infection with E equi can be subclinical. Six veterinarians surveyed from northern California diagnosed clinical E equi infection in 38 horses during 1985-1986 based on clinical signs of infection and observation of E equi inclusion bodies in neutrophils on blood smears.
Optimisation d'un algorithme Galerkin Discontinu en OpenCL appliqué à la simulation en électromagnétisme (2017)

International audience
Low-leakage p-type diamond Schottky diodes prepared using vacuum ultraviolet light/ozone treatment (2009)

Room-temperature fabrication of Schottky diodes was demonstrated for p-type boron-doped diamond. This fabrication method’s key technique is selective modification of surface termination from monohydride into oxygen groups using vacuum ultraviolet light irradiation in oxygen. The Au contacts, formed on the hydrogen-terminated surface, maintained Ohmic properties after this selective surface oxidation. The Au contacts then deposited on the oxidized surface, imparting Schottky properties. The lateral-type diodes comprising Au Schottky contacts and Au Ohmic contacts showed blocking voltage higher than 1 kV without electrode guarding. The leakage current at 1 kV was as low as 30 pA.
Signal‐to‐noise ratio behavior of steady‐state free precession (2004)

Steady-state free precession (SSFP) is a rapid gradient-echo imaging technique that has recently gained popularity and is used in a variety of applications, including cardiac and real-time imaging, because of its high signal and favorable contrast between blood and myocardium. The purpose of this work was to examine the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) behavior of images acquired with SSFP, and the dependence of SNR on imaging parameters such as TR, bandwidth, and image resolution, and the use of multi-echo sequences. In this work it is shown that the SNR of SSFP sequences is dependent only on pulse sequence efficiency, voxel dimensions, and relaxation parameters (T1 and T2). Notably, SNR is insensitive to bandwidth unless increases in bandwidth significantly decrease efficiency. Finally, we examined the relationship between pulse sequence performance (TR and efficiency) and gradient performance (maximum gradient strength and slew rate) for several imaging scenarios, including multi-echo sequences, to determine the optimum matching of maximum gradient strength and slew rate for gradient hardware designs. For standard modern gradient hardware (40 mT/m and 150 mT/m/ms), we found that the maximum gradient strength is more than adequate for the imaging resolution that is commonly encountered with rapid scouting (3 mm x 4 mm x 10 mm voxel). It is well matched for typical CINE and real-time cardiac imaging applications (1.5 mm x 2 mm x 6 mm voxel), and is inadequate for optimal matching with slew rate for high-resolution applications such as musculoskeletal imaging (0.5 x 0.8 x 3 mm voxel). For the lower-resolution methods, efficiency could be improved with higher slew rates; this provokes interest in designing methods for limiting dB/dt peripherally while achieving high switching rates in the imaging field of view. The use of multi-echo SSFP acquisitions leads to substantial improvements in sequence performance (i.e., increased efficiency and shorter TR).
Atomic Layer Deposition of Ruthenium Thin Films from Ru(thd)<sub>3</sub> and Oxygen (2004)

Abstract Ruthenium thin films were grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) from tris(2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐3,5‐heptanedionato)ruthenium [Ru(thd) 3 ] and oxygen, at temperatures between 325 °C and 450 °C. All the films were polycrystalline metallic ruthenium as analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Impurity contents of the films (< 2.9 at.‐% H, < 1.9 at.‐% C, and < 5.5 at.‐% O) were nearly independent of the Ru(thd) 3 pulse time as analyzed by time of flight elastic recoil detection analysis (TOF‐ERDA). The films had resistivities below 20 μΩ cm and they adhered well to a thin Al 2 O 3 film on glass. Growth rates of 0.36 Å per cycle were obtained at a deposition temperature of 350 °C. The gaseous reaction by‐products were analyzed in situ by quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS).
Markov modeling of transient scattering and its application in multi-aspect target classification (2002)

Transient scattered fields from a general target are composed of wavefronts, resonances and time delays, with these constituents linked to the target geometry. A classifier applied to transient scattering data requires a statistical model for such fundamental constituents. A Markov model is employed to characterize the transient scattered fields-for a set of target-sensor orientation over which the transient scattering is stationary-utilizing a wavefront, resonance, time-delay "alphabet". The Markov model is utilized in a classifier developed for multi-aspect transient scattering data, with a hidden Markov model (HMM) employed to address the generally non-stationary nature of the multi-aspect waveforms. Each state of the HMM is characteristic of a set of target-sensor orientations for which the scattering statistics are stationary, the statistics of which are characterized via the Markov model. The wavefront, resonance and time-delay features are extracted via a modified matching-pursuits algorithm.
Anti-Melanoma Monoclonal Antibody 225-28S: Evaluation of Toxicity in Man (1988)

To investigate possible undesirable effects due to the intravenous administration of a reagent of a xenogenic nature (monoclonal antibody 225-28S) in man, a toxicologic study was carried out on 85 patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. Two reagents were tested in this study: purified monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225-28S and its F(ab')2 fragment. Purified MoAb was labelled with 131I and F(ab')2 fragment with 131I, or 123I, or 111In or 99Tc. The quantity of MoAb or F(ab')2 injected ranged from 14 to 750 micrograms, and the specific activity from 37.0 to 2116.4 MBq/mg. The total radioactivity injected varied from 25.9 to 891.7 MBq/mg. In addition to a careful clinical examination, the following tests were done to monitor possible adverse effects: blood glucose, azotemia, RBC, WBC, platelet count, serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, plasma electrolyte levels, serum proteins, albumin/globulin ratio, serum bilirubin, SGOT, SGPT, gamma GT, and CPK. These tests were done before the injection and on days 7 and 14. No patient experienced adverse general effects like fever, nausea, vomiting or allergic reactions. None of the aforementioned hematometric and biochemical tests showed significant variations compared with the initial values. It is concluded that a single injection of these reagents at the dosages tested is completely atoxic.
A fail-safe architecture of service control and management system for intelligent networks (2002)

The authors propose a fail-safe architecture of a network information control system (NICS) and fault handling mechanisms for highly available NICSs. The NICS consists of seven processors, including duplicated common channel signaling processors (CCPS), duplicated service logic processors (SLPs), a service management processor (SMP), duplicated operations and administrations processors (OAPs), and duplicated LANs. As NICS has a fail-safe architecture and is managed with fault-handling mechanisms, it can process service requests from the switching service point (SSP) continuously and NICS can be managed safely and efficiently.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
皮下应用重组人类粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(GM-CSF)对骨髓衰竭患者造血的刺激作用 (1989)

静脉输注GM-CSF是骨髓细胞生成的有效刺激剂,然而、长期施行静脉输注实用性较差。因此,对39例不同病因所致骨髓衰竭的患者进行了皮下注射GM-CSF的一期临床研究。GM-CSF的剂量为60～960μg/米~2/天,每12小时一次,在不大于Ⅱ级毒性的条件下,所给予每个患者的剂量每周加倍,共4周。
Assessing alcohol intake & its dose-dependent effects on liver enzymes by 24-h recall and questionnaire using NHANES 2001-2010 data (2015)

Since alcohol had a graded linear effect on several liver enzymes, including at low and moderate doses, benefits as well as risks of alcohol intake may be related to liver function. Since the NCI method and alcohol questionnaire yielded very similar alcohol intake estimates, this study cross-validated these methods and demonstrated the robustness of the NCI method for estimating intake of irregularly consumed foods.
Revisiting the Causality between Smartphone Usage and Academic Performance: A Large-Scale Study on over 10 Thousand Responses (2019)

Despite the rapid technological advances, the usage of smartphones among college students has been broadly discouraged, because a number of studies have demonstrated a strong causality between smartphone usage and poor academic performance. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies that simultaneously test the impacts of the use of multiple smartphone applications on academic performance while considering the possible mediating effect of students’ internal status and life habits. Based on a large-scale survey with over 10,000 college students, this study aims to offer robust empirical evidence that appropriate use of certain applications factually motivates a better academic performance. Specifically, our model assumes a direct impact of the use of five types of applications on academic performance, as well as their indirect impacts mediated by cultivation of nomophobia and other habits related to smartphone usage.
Incoherent image addition and subtraction: a technique (1979)

A technique of incoherent image addition and subtraction is described. The basic advantage of this technique is its use of white light processing, in which case the unavoidable artifact noise in the coherent optical processor may be removed. Although the incoherent processing technique that we have proposed is effective only in a 1-D operation, it also works for 2-D image addition and subtraction.
The Electrodeposition of Rubber (1927)

<div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>A</b>FTER giving a brief description of the nature of rubber latex and a review of investigations made in Europe of its physico-chemical properties, the author tells of experiments made in Rochester to develop a method for the electrodeposition of rubber particles. These proved that the process was possible but the problem of producing a coating containing all the ingredients requisite in a compound suitable for vulcanizing remained to be solved. The nature of the rubber particles and of rubber after coagulation of the particles is described and the method of rubber-plating as developed is explained.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It is stated that the deposit can be built up almost indefinitely and at a very rapid rate; that the composition remains substantially unchanged during coating, and that the current efficiency is remarkably high. Explanation is given of the electrochemical factors involved, which require that all the ingredients of the mixture be brought to approximately the same state of subdivision or size of particles as the size of the rubber particles so that they will mix uniformly with the latter, and that the rubber, sulphur, filler, dye and other constituents of the mixture be brought into a state of stable and like electrical charge. The nature of the electrode is of decisive importance. Use of a porous non-conducting diaphragm that surrounds the anode and is electrically connected with it is especially valuable, as the action of the diaphragm results in continuous deposition of the rubber, due to the fact that the side away from the anode becomes charged positively and the side adjacent to the anode becomes charged negatively.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">If rubber is to be deposited on metal as a permanent covering, or if metal anodes are used for forming rubber products, a choice of various metals that behave differently as electrodes in rubber deposition can be exercised among three classes of metals, which are listed. Zinc is the most satisfactory metal, and the most promising procedure that has been developed is to give other metals a preliminary zinc-coating. Satisfactory adhesion of rubber to metal has been secured, and this opens a large and valuable field for the process.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The deposited rubber can be given almost any desired cure by vulcanization by varying the proportions of sulphur, fillers and accelerators in the mixture. Any stage of softness and elasticity up to that of hard rubber can be secured. Ultra-accelerators may be used which speed up the process at ordinary temperatures to such an extent that they cannot be blended on the rubber rolls.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Any available dyes can be used for coloring the product in the process of deposition, and a grain finish can be given mechanically while the rubber is in a plastic state before it is completely dry, or a natural grain may be left. Aging properties of the electro-rubber are superior to those of rubber made in the usual way.</div>
Message Based Random Variable Length Key Encryption Algorithm (2009)

<b>Problem statement:</b> A block ciphers provides confidentiality in cryptography but cryptanalysis of the classical block ciphers demonstrated some old weaknesses grabbing a partial key in any stage of encryption procedure leads to reconstructing the whole key. Exhaustive key search shows that key generation should be indeterminist and random for each round. Matching cipher-text attack shows that larger size of block is more secure. In order to overcome analysis mentioned above a new algorithm is designed that is based on random numbers and also can defeat time and memory constraints. <b>Approach:</b> Dynamic and message dependent key generator was created by producing a random number and it was selected as the size of first chunk. Residual value of second chunk divided by first chunk concatenating with first chunk forms the first cipher as an input for SP-boxes. These processes repeated until whole mesaage get involved into the last cipher. Encrypted messages are not equal under different run. Value of random number should be greater than 35 bits and plaintext must be at least 7 bits. A padding algorithm was used for small size messages or big random numbers. <b>Results:</b> Attack on the key generation process was prevented because of random key generation and its dependency to input message. Encryption and decryption times measured between 5 and 27 m sec in 2 GHz Pentium and java platform so time variant and fast enough key generation had been kept collision and timing attacks away due to small seized storage. Long and variable key length made key exhaustive search and differential attack impossible. None fixed size key caused avoidance of replaying and other attacks that can happen on fixed sized key algorithms. <b>Conclusion:</b> Random process employed in this block cipher increased confidentiality of the message and dynamic length substitution in proposed algorithm may lead to maximum cryptographic confusion and consequently makes it difficult for cryptanalysis.
Replicated data management in the grid (2009)

Grid environments more and more target novel domains suchas eScience, eHealth or digital libraries that feature a varietyof data-intensive applications. Consequently, issues relatedto data management in Grids are becoming increasingly important.In terms of data management, the Grid allowskeeping a large number of replicas of data objects, possiblywith different versions or levels of freshness, to allow for ahigh degree of availability, reliability and performance so asto best meet the needs of users and applications. At thesame time, the seamless integration of replication managementinto the Grid while taking into account its special characteristics,needs to be done without any central componentfor managing data or metadata. In this paper, we report onthe ongoing Re:GRIDiT project which aims at addressingall the above requirements. Re:GRIDiT distinguishes betweenpotentially many updateable and read-only replicaswhich can be distributed across a Grid environment. First,Re:GRIDiT provides new protocols for the correct synchronizationof concurrent updates to different updateable replicasand their subsequent propagation in a completely distributedway. Second, Re:GRIDiT takes into account thesemantics of the data which is managed in the Grid: mutabledata can be subject to updates; immutable data, in turn,cannot be changed once created, but may be subject to versioncontrol. Third, Re:GRIDiT will be dynamic in a waythat according to the current load, new replicas (updateableor read-only) can be created or removed on demand. Fourth, Re:GRIDiT will provide read-only transactions the full flexibilityto specify the freshness (for mutable data) or versionnumber (for immutable data) – which is particularly usefulin order to trade accuracy for performance in the access todata in the Grid.