gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distilling an Ensemble of Greedy Dependency Parsers into One MST Parser (2016)

We introduce two first-order graph-based dependency parsers achieving a new state of the art. The first is a consensus parser built from an ensemble of independently trained greedy LSTM transition-based parsers with different random initializations. We cast this approach as minimum Bayes risk decoding (under the Hamming cost) and argue that weaker consensus within the ensemble is a useful signal of difficulty or ambiguity. The second parser is a "distillation" of the ensemble into a single model. We train the distillation parser using a structured hinge loss objective with a novel cost that incorporates ensemble uncertainty estimates for each possible attachment, thereby avoiding the intractable crossentropy computations required by applying standard distillation objectives to problems with structured outputs. The first-order distillation parser matches or surpasses the state of the art on English, Chinese, and German.
Identification of carbonylated proteins from enriched rat skeletal muscle mitochondria using affinity chromatography‐stable isotope labeling and tandem mass spectrometry (2007)

We describe a strategy for the identification of carbonylated proteins from complex protein mixtures that combines biotin hydrazide labeling of protein carbonyl groups, avidin affinity chromatography, multiplexed iTRAQ reagent stable isotope labeling, and analysis using pulsed Q dissociation (PQD) operation on an LTQ linear ion trap mass spectrometer. This strategy provided the ability to distinguish biotin hydrazide labeled, avidin purified, carbonylated proteins from non-carbonylated background proteins with affinity for the avidin column, derived from a control sample. Applying this strategy to the identification of crudely enriched rat skeletal muscle mitochondrial protein isolates, we generated a catalogue of over 200 carbonylated proteins by virtue of their quantitative enrichment compared to the control sample. The catalogue contains many mitochondrial localized proteins shown to be susceptible to carbonyl modification for the first time, including numerous transmembrane proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation. Other oxidative modifications (e.g. nitrosylation, hydroxylation) were also identified on many of the carbonylated proteins, providing further evidence of the susceptibility of these proteins to oxidative damage. The results also demonstrate the utility of PQD operation on the LTQ instrument for quantitative analysis of iTRAQ reagent-labeled peptide mixtures, as well as the quantitative reproducibility of the avidin-affinity enrichment method.
Coordinating first-order multiparty interactions (1994)

A first-order multiparty interaction is an abstraction mechanism that defines communication among a set of formal process roles . Actual processes participate in a first-order interaction by enroling into roles, and execution of the interaction can proceed when all roles are filled by distinct processes. As in CSP, enrolement statements can serve as guards in alternative commands. The enrolement guard-scheduling problem then is to enable the execution of first-order interactions through the judicious scheduling of roles to processes that are currently ready to execute enrolement guards. We present a fully distributed and message-efficient algorithm for the enrolement guard-scheduling problem, the first such solution of which we are aware. We also describe several extensions of the algorithm, including: generic roles; dynamically changing environments , where processes can be created and destroyed at run time; and nested-enrolement , which allows interactions to be nested.
Zygomycosis in the 1990s in a Tertiary-Care Cancer Center (2000)

Twenty-four patients with cancer met predetermined criteria for a diagnosis of zygomycosis over a 10-year period at our institution. All had hematologic malignancy, and most had either neutropenia or steroid use as a risk factor. Pulmonary involvement mimicking invasive aspergillosis was the most common presentation, and dissemination was seen in 58% of patients on whom autopsies were performed. Three-fourths of the patients with pulmonary zygomycosis had pathogenic microorganisms other than zygomycetes isolated from respiratory specimens. The sensitivity of cultures in detecting zygomycetes from respiratory specimens was low. A culture positive for zygomycetes was typically a preterminal finding in the fatal, acute cases. Two-thirds of the patients died. Favorable outcome seemed to correlate with lack of pulmonary involvement, surgical debridement, neutrophil recovery, and a cumulative total amphotericin B dose of 2000 mg. Therapy with high-dose amphotericin B, combined with aggressive surgery and immune reconstitution, offers the best chance for survival of cancer patients with zygomycosis.
Simultaneous targeting of prostate stem cell antigen and prostate‐specific membrane antigen improves the killing of prostate cancer cells using a novel modular T cell‐retargeting system (2014)

Overall, the novel modular system represents a promising tool for multiple tumor targeting.
Mechanisms of Impaired Acute Insulin Release in Adult Onset Diabetes: Studies with Isoproterenol and Secretin* (1978)

Previous work has suggested that impaired islet glucose recognition occurs in patients with adult onset diabetes, as acute insulin release is absent after iv glucose but present after beta adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol (Iso). However, insulin responses to Iso were variably reduced as compared to normal in the diabetics. In order to evaluate the importance of the Iso dose, dose-response studies were performed in 9 diabetics (fasting plasma glucose greater than 150 mg/dl) and 10 age-matched controls. In both control subjects and diabetics, 0.5 microgram Iso produced no insulin response; 2 micrograms Iso produced an intermediate response; and 8 and 12 micrograms Iso produced a higher response. The insulin responses to the larger doses of Iso were lower in diabetics than control subjects (8 micrograms, 20 +/- 5 vs. 39 +/- 6 (P less than 0.025); 12 micrograms, 21 +/- 6 vs. 37 +/- 4 (P less than 0.05); means +/- SEM, microU/ml). Of 16 diabetics who received 12 micrograms Iso, 5 had insulin responses greater than 2 SD below the control mean, while others had responses that spanned the entire range of normal. Seven diabetics also were given iv secretin (150 U). Their insulin responses to secretin correlated with the responses to Iso (r = 0.83, P less than 0.02). Thus, patients with subnormal responses to Iso also had low secretion responses. The abnormalities of acute insulin secretion in diabetics can be explained by a lesion variably affecting islet membrane receptors; some patients may have glucose receptor damage, but intact responses to other stimuli, and others may have more widespread damage affecting beta-adrenergic and secretin responses as well. Alternatively, there may be heterogeneity in adult onset diabetes, as patients with low responses to all stimuli could have a qualitatively different lesion affecting insulin secretory capacity rather than membrane receptors.
Principles of Therapeutic Liver Repopulation (1999)

Recently, it has been shown in several animal models that more than 90% of host hepatocytes can be replaced by a small number of transplanted donor cells in a process we term therapeutic liver repopulation. This phenomenon is analogous to repopulation of the hematopoietic system after bone marrow transplantation. Liver repopulation occurs when transplanted cells have a growth advantage in the setting of damage to recipient liver cells. Here we review the current knowledge of this process and discuss the hopeful implications for treatment of liver diseases.
Expression of syndecan regulates human myeloma plasma cell adhesion to type I collagen (1993)

The syndecans comprise a family of integral membrane proteoglycans that regulate cell behaviors by binding to extracellular matrix and binding growth factors. In mouse blood cells, syndecan expression is restricted to cells of the B-cell lineage where it is expressed by pre-B cells and plasma cells, but is absent from circulating B cells. In the present study, we examined the expression, structure, and function of syndecan on human myeloma cell lines and myeloma patient bone marrow cells. On myeloma cells, syndecan is a small (modal relative molecular mass [M(r)] = 120 Kd) heparan sulfate proteoglycan localized at the cell surface. Syndecan was detected by immunodot blotting on 7 of 10 human myeloma cell lines and by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction on 10 of 14 patient samples. Cell binding assays show that myeloma cells expressing syndecan bind to type I collagen via heparan sulfate chains, while those cell lines not expressing syndecan do not bind to collagen. Furthermore, the cell lines expressing syndecan were negative for CD19 and CD45 staining, indicating that syndecan expression is restricted to tumors having a well-differentiated phenotype. We conclude that syndecan acts as a matrix receptor on human myeloma cells but is not expressed by all tumors, suggesting that syndecan may participate in regulating myeloma cell adhesion to the bone marrow stromal matrix.
Functional timing analysis using ATPG (2002)

The authors show how unmodified conventional Automatic Test Pattern Generators (ATPG) for such faults can be used for functional timing analysis without sacrificing computational efficiency in comparison with existing approaches to the same problem. This is a significant result since it permits use of the entire body of work in ATPG for this problem. The procedure can handle any delay model used in logic synthesis and simulation, making it applicable at any level of circuit abstraction during logic synthesis. Preliminary experimental results are presented to show that not only is the proposed procedure practical but in fact is significantly better than competing approaches on troublesome circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Island Loss for Learning Discriminative Features in Facial Expression Recognition (2017)

Over the past few years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise on facial expression recognition. However, the performance degrades dramatically under real-world settings due to variations introduced by subtle facial appearance changes, head pose variations, illumination changes, and occlusions. In this paper, a novel island loss is proposed to enhance the discriminative power of the deeply learned features. Specifically, the IL is designed to reduce the intra-class variations while enlarging the inter-class differences simultaneously. Experimental results on four benchmark expression databases have demonstrated that the CNN with the proposed island loss (IL-CNN) outperforms the baseline CNN models with either traditional softmax loss or the center loss and achieves comparable or better performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods for facial expression recognition.
Standard methods for artificial rearing of<i>Apis mellifera</i>larvae (2013)

SummaryOriginally, a method to rear worker honey bee larvae in vitro was introduced into the field of bee biology to analyse honey bee physiology and caste development. Recently, it has become an increasingly important method in bee pathology and toxicology. The in vitro method of rearing larvae is complex and can be developed as an art by itself, especially if the aim is to obtain queens or worker bees which, for example, can be re-introduced into the colony as able members. However, a more pragmatic approach to in vitro rearing of larvae is also possible and justified if the aim is to focus on certain pathogens or compounds to be tested. It is up to the researcher(s) to decide on the appropriate experimental establishment and design. This paper will help with this decision and provide guidelines on how to adjust the method of in vitro rearing according to the specific needs of the scientific project.
Design and Analysis of Two Low-Power SRAM Cell Structures (2009)

In this paper, two static random access memory (SRAM) cells that reduce the static power dissipation due to gate and subthreshold leakage currents are presented. The first cell structure results in reduced gate voltages for the NMOS pass transistors, and thus lowers the gate leakage current. It reduces the subthreshold leakage current by increasing the ground level during the idle (inactive) mode. The second cell structure makes use of PMOS pass transistors to lower the gate leakage current. In addition, dual threshold voltage technology with forward body biasing is utilized with this structure to reduce the subthreshold leakage while maintaining performance. Compared to a conventional SRAM cell, the first cell structure decreases the total gate leakage current by 66% and the idle power by 58% and increases the access time by approximately 2% while the second cell structure reduces the total gate leakage current by 27% and the idle power by 37% with no access time degradation.
Structural studies of the mechanism for biosensing antibiotics in a fluorescein-labeled β-lactamase (2011)

Our structural studies indicate the biosensing mechanism of a fluorescein-labelled β-lactamase. Such findings confirm our previous proposal based on molecular modelling and provide useful information for the rational design of β-lactamase-based biosensor to detect the wide spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics. The observation of increased Ω-loop flexibility upon conjugation of fluorophore may have the potential to serve as a screening tool for novel β-lactamase inhibitors that target the Ω-loop and not the active site.
MDS evidence‐based review of treatments for essential tremor (2019)

Propranolol, primidone, and topiramate (>200 mg/day) are the pharmacological interventions in which the data reviewed robustly supported efficacy. Their safety profile and patient preference may guide the prioritization of these interventions in clinical practice. MRI-guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy was, for the first time, assessed and was considered to be possibly useful. There is a need to improve study design in essential tremor and overcome the limitation of small sample sizes, cross-over studies, short-term follow-up studies, and use of nonvalidated clinical scales. © 2019 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Semantic and Rule Based Event-driven Services-Oriented Agricultural Recommendation System (2006)

Agricultural Information Systems (AIS) are rich sources of information being created, maintained and published for the benefit of farmers and agroprofessionals. Ongoing research has generated knowledge regarding best practices in various aspects for farming practices to improve the yield. On the other hand, advancements in information technology and sensor technology have enabled new avenues of information for informed decisions and to utilize near real-time monitoring of data to provide effective recommendations. Even in this scenario, finding, extracting and integrating information from distributed heterogeneous sources of AIS and assimilating with realtime events like change in climatic conditions, change in market etc have raised interesting issues. We need a mechanism to collect and integrate information from scattered sources according to events and to notify the end-users with precise recommendations according to user context, location and requirements. In this paper, we propose a semantic and rule based event-driven Services- Oriented Architecture to facilitate the seamless and meaningful information integration and interoperation of distributed and heterogeneous web hosted AIS services to deliver personalized recommendation driven by real-time events and user preferences.
All-optical signal reshaping via four-wave mixing in optical fibers (2000)

A new scheme for all-optical signal reshaping is proposed and demonstrated. The strongly depleted mixing between a CW pump and a noisy nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) signal in a common fiber can provide wavelength-converted signals exhibiting excellent intensity-noise cancellation. Numerical simulations confirm almost complete suppression of intensity fluctuations, simultaneously occurring at several different wavelengths.
View and Time Interpolation in Image Space (2008)

Abstract The ability to interpolate between images taken at different time and viewpoints directly in image space opens up new possiblities. The goal of our work is to create plausible in‐between images in real time without the need for an intermediate 3D reconstruction. This enables us to also interpolate between images recorded with uncalibrated and unsynchronized cameras. In our approach we use a novel discontiniuity preserving image deformation model to robustly estimate dense correspondences based on local homographies. Once correspondences have been computed we are able to render plausible in‐between images in real time while properly handling occlusions. We discuss the relation of our approach to human motion perception and other image interpolation techniques.
Unique phenotype of opaque cells in the white-opaque transition of Candida albicans (1987)

Select strains of Candida albicans switch reversibly and at extremely high frequency between a white and an opaque colony-forming phenotype, which has been referred to as the white-opaque transition. Cells in the white phase exhibit a cellular phenotype indistinguishable from that of most standard strains of C. albicans, but cells in the opaque phase exhibit an unusually large, elongate cellular shape. In comparing the white and opaque cellular phenotypes, the following findings are demonstrated. (i) The surface of the cell wall of maturing opaque cells when viewed by scanning electron microscopy exhibits a unique pimpled, or punctate, pattern not observed in white cells or standard strains of C. albicans. (ii) The dynamics of actin localization which accompanies opaque-cell growth first follows the pattern of budding cells during early opaque-bud growth and then the pattern of hypha-forming cells during late opaque-bud growth. (iii) A hypha-specific cell surface antigen is also expressed on the surface of opaque budding cells. (iv) An opaque-specific surface antigen is distributed in a punctate pattern.
Synthesis of 1,11β-ethanoestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol: a novel bridged steroid derivative (1989)

E. Napolitano, R. Fiaschi and R. Hanson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1330 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001330
Effect of Preoperative Atorvastatin Therapy on Atrial Fibrillation Following Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (2009)

Administration of atorvastatin 20 mg/day, initiated 1 week before elective off-pump CABG and continued in the postoperative period, significantly decreases postoperative AF.
Sample Mining and Data Mining: Combined Real‐Time and Retrospective Approaches for the Identification of Emerging Novel Psychoactive Substances (2019)

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are synthetic drugs that pose serious public health and safety concerns. A multitude of NPS have been identified in the United States, often implicated in forensic investigations. The most common and effective manner for identifying NPS is by use of mass spectrometry and the true utility lies within nontargeted acquisition techniques. During this study, a liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS) assay was developed, validated, and implemented for forensic toxicology testing. A SCIEX TripleTOF™ 5600 + with SWATH<sup>®</sup> acquisition was used. Resulting data were compared against an extensive library database containing more than 800 compounds. The LC-QTOF-MS assay was applied to the reanalysis of biological sample extracts to discover emergent NPS. More than 3,000 sample extracts were analyzed, and more than 20 emerging NPS were detected for the first time. Among these were isopropyl-U-47700, 3,4-methylenedioxy-U-47700, fluorofuranylfentanyl, N-methyl norfentanyl, 2F-deschloroketamine, 3,4-methylenedioxy-alpha-PHP, eutylone, and N-ethyl hexedrone.
Treatment Failure of Nosocomial Pertussis Infection in a Very-Low-Birth-Weight Neonate (2006)

We describe a case of nosocomial maternal transmission of Bordetella pertussis to a very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) neonate in whom treatment was unsuccessful. This case underscores the need for rapid and sensitive PCR diagnosis in VLBW neonates and in parents with clinical signs of pertussis and suggests that standard treatment may not be appropriate for VLBW neonates.
Li / Li1 + x  V 3 O 8 Secondary Batteries: Synthesis and Characterization of an Amorphous Form of the Cathode (1990)

A new synthesis route has been applied to obtain Li1+xV3O8. Instead of the conventional high-temperature technique\nleading to the crystalline form, a solution technique producing the amorphous form has been used. This material, after dehydration,\nshows an electrochemical performance exceeding that of the crystalline one. The rationale for this behavior\nmainly lies in microscopic factors, i.e., in the possibility for the unit cell of amorphous Li1+xV3O8 to insert up to 9 Li +, instead\nof six for crystalline Li1+xV3O8. Furthermore, the absence of a long-range crystallographic order reduces the length\nof the pathways through which Li + ions diffuse. This and the favorable morphology endow amorphous Li1+xV3O8 with a\nhigh rate capability. The higher energy content afforded by this new form (theoretical value, 935 Wh/kg, based on the electrodes\nweight) can be exploited in long-cycling cells at high rates.
Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rates in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1987)

• We studied 14 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by positron emission tomography and the fluorodeoxyglucose method, looking for abnormalities in local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose in brain structures that have been hypothesized to function abnormally in OCD.These patients were compared with 14 normal controls and 14 patients with unipolar depression. The patients with unipolar depression and OCD did not differ in levels of anxiety, tension, or depression. In OCD, metabolic rates were significantly increased in the left orbital gyrus and bilaterally in the caudate nuclei. This was apparent on all statistical comparisons with both controls and unipolar depression. The right orbital gyrus showed at least a trend to an increased metabolic rate in all comparisons. The metabolic rate in the left orbital gyrus, relative to that in the ipsilateral hemisphere (orbital gyrus/ hemisphere ratio), was significantly elevated compared to controls and subjects with unipolar depression, and stayed high even with successful drug treatment. Though it was in the normal range in the morbid state, with improvement in OCD symptoms after drug treatment, the caudate/hemisphere metabolic ratio increased uniformly and significantly bilaterally. This ratio did not increase in patients who did not respond to treatment. Thus, OCD showed cerebral glucose metabolic patterns that differed from controls in both the symptomatic and recovered states.
Gut Epithelial Barrier Dysfunction and Innate Immune Activation Predict Mortality in Treated HIV Infection (2014)

Gut epithelial barrier dysfunction, innate immune activation, inflammation, and coagulation-but not T-cell activation, senescence, and exhaustion-independently predict mortality in individuals with treated HIV infection with a history of AIDS and are viable targets for interventions.
Prior antiplatelet use does not affect hemorrhage growth or outcome after ICH (2009)

Use of antiplatelet medications at intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) onset is not associated with increased hemorrhage volumes, hemorrhage expansion, or clinical outcome at 90 days. These findings suggest that attempts to reverse antiplatelet medications after ICH may not be warranted.