gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occipital lobe epilepsy: Clinical characteristics, seizure spread patterns, and results of surgery (1992)

Twenty-five patients with occipital lobe seizure origin were retrospectively evaluated to determine clinical seizure characteristics and electroencephalographic manifestations. Certain symptoms and signs served to identify occipital lobe origin in 22 (88%). These included elementary visual hallucinations, ictal amaurosis, eye movement sensations, early forced blinking or eyelid flutter, and visual field deficits. Eye or head deviation, or both, was observed frequently and was contralateral to the side of seizure origin in 13, but 3 patients exhibited ipsilateral deviation in some or all their seizures. After the initial signs and symptoms, clinical seizure characteristics resembled those of seizures originating elsewhere. Seizures typical of temporal lobe origin with loss of contact and various types of automatic, semipurposeful activity occurred in 11 patients. Seizures in 3 patients exhibited asymmetrical tonic or focal clonic motor patterns characteristic of frontal lobe seizures. Eleven of the 25 patients had, on two occasions, two or more distinctly different seizure types. Scalp electroencephalographic findings were seldom helpful for occipital lobe localization and were frequently misleading. Intracranial electroencephalographic recording correctly identified occipital lobe seizure origin in most, but not all, patients who had such studies. Intracranial electroencephalic recording also proved the variability in clinical seizure characteristics was related to different seizure spread patterns, medially or laterally above and below the sylvian fissure, both ipsilateral and contralateral to the occipital lobe of seizure origin. Eighteen patients had occipital lobe lesions detected with computed tomographic or magnetic resonance imaging scans or both. Resection of the lesions in 16 patients produced excellent results in 14 (88%). Five patients had temporal lobectomies, with good results in 3, but poor results in 2. Two patients with unlocalized seizures had complete section of the corpus callosum, 1 with a good result and the other with a poor result.
Spinodal decomposition in BxGa1−xN and BxAl1−xN alloys (2002)

We present first-principles calculations of the structural and thermodynamic properties of cubic BxGa1−xN and BxAl1−xN alloys. The calculations are based on the generalized quasichemical approach to disorder and composition effects and a pseudopotential-plane-wave approximation. The bulk moduli and lattice constants are found to vary linearly with the alloy composition. Due to the large lattice mismatch between BN and binaries GaN and AlN, the phase diagrams display large miscibility gaps in the temperature range usually adopted to grow the corresponding alloys. This explains the difficulties reported in growing these alloys with boron content higher than 0.1.
In situ calibrated velocity-to-stress transforms using shear sonic radial profiles for time-lapse production analysis (2015)

Abstract Borehole acoustic waves are affected by near- and far-field stresses within rocks that exhibit stress sensitivity, typically in medium- to high-porosity formations. Nonlinear, or third-order, elastic constants are obtained from the inversion of borehole sonic shear radial profiles with an elastic wellbore stress model. The stress-to-velocity relationship determined from these profiles in the elastic region surrounding the wellbore is used for calibration to compare with empirical laboratory data traditionally used in time-lapse seismic-feasibility studies to assess simulated production. This analysis enables rock physicists to use the wellbore as a laboratory and to examine the stress dependence of the acoustic velocities from in situ field data in their zone of interest. Laboratory experiments on core samples can yield both empirical and mathematical rock-physics models to describe the relationship between stress and velocity to link rock properties to in situ measurements of acoustic data (seismic and sonic). In an example from offshore Malaysia, full-waveform borehole sonic data are processed to produce shear radial profiles in a deepwater environment. The compressional velocities are mainly sensitive to stress in the polarization-propagation direction, and shear velocities are mainly sensitive to stresses in propagation and polarization directions, as expected from nonlinear elasticity. The three compressional and shear velocities vary greatly with vertical stress depending on the stress path because they depend on the three principal stress magnitudes. In contrast, a classical empirical model that depends on porosity, clay content, and effective stress cannot capture differences caused by stress path because it relies on only one stress. Results show that stress sensitivities are significantly stronger with borehole radial profiles than the empirical model for all considered stress paths (K = −0.5, 0, 0.5, and 1).
<i>Caldariomyces fumago</i> Chloroperoxidase Catalyzes the Oxidative Dehalogenation of Chlorophenols by a Mechanism Involving Two One-Electron Steps (2007)

We have employed rapid scan stopped-flow spectroscopy to examine whether the mechanism of oxidative dehalogenation catalyzed by C. fumago chloroperoxidase (CCPO) involves two consecutive one-electron steps or a single two-electron oxidation. First, we optimized the formation of CCPO compound I (CCPO-I) [Fe(IV)=O/porphyrin radical] and CCPO compound II (CCPO-II) [Fe(IV)=O] for use in double mixing rapid scan stopped-flow experiments. Reaction of CCPO-I with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) quickly yielded CCPO-II. Reaction of CCPO-II, a one-electron oxidant, with TCP rapidly regenerated the ferric resting state of the enzyme. The rates of the reaction of both CCPO-I and -II with TCP are first-order with respect to [TCP]. In the absence of organic substrate, CCPO-I is slowly reduced to CCPO-II and then the ferric state. The ability of both CCPO-I and -II to carry out the oxidative dehalogenation reaction is consistent with a mechanism involving two consecutive one-electron oxidations. In contrast, reaction of CCPO-I with thioanisole generated the ferric enzyme with no evidence of CCPO-II, consistent with a single two-electron oxidation by insertion of an oxygen atom. The relative stability of CCPO-I and -II has allowed us to differentiate between one- and two-electron substrate oxidations using rapid scan stopped-flow techniques.
Circadian rhythm of serum erythropoietin in myelodysplastic syndromes. (2001)

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MSD) are a group of clonal disorders of the hemopoietic stem cell, often evolving in acute leukemia. They are characterized by anemia, and it has been attributed either to a deficiency in erythropoietin (EPO) secretion or to a resistance to EPO itself. Since in healthy subjects the serum circulating EPO levels fluctuate during the day, the aim of the study was to investigate the diurnal rhythm of EPO in MDS. Two groups of subjects were admitted to the study: (A) 20 adult clinically healthy subjects, and (B) 20 patients with MDS without renal failure. After standard life conditions in hospital lasting one week, venous blood samples were drawn during the span of a whole day and every four hours, starting from midnight, for the measurement of serum EPO levels by RIA. Statistical analysis was carried out by means of the "cosinor" method. The results show that the controls present a significant (p < 0.05) circadian rhythms in serum EPO levels with acrophase in the late afternoon; on the contrary, no significant (p > 0.05) rhythm was detected in patients with MDS. Patients with MDS presented significantly higher (p < 0.05) MESOR and lower (p < 0.001) amplitude of EPO circadian rhythm in respect to the controls; moreover, a significant (p < 0.005) difference was found between the two groups in overall EPO rhythm. These data confirm the existence of a physiological circadian rhythm in serum EPO concentrations with maximum in the afternoon. Because EPO levels are increased in the patient group, EPO deficiency does not seem to be the cause of anemia in MDS. Reduced EPO amplitude may be a compensatory mechanism for enhancing its activity in MDS. Finally, the stimulatory therapy in MDS with recombinant human EPO should be administered in the late afternoon hours, in order to respecting and simulating the physiological circadian rhythm of endogenous EPO.
High-impact defects (2011)

The relationship between various software-related phenomena (e.g., code complexity) and post-release software defects has been thoroughly examined. However, to date these predictions have a limited adoption in practice. The most commonly cited reason is that the prediction identifies too much code to review without distinguishing the impact of these defects. Our aim is to address this drawback by focusing on high-impact defects for customers and practitioners. Customers are highly impacted by defects that break pre-existing functionality (breakage defects), whereas practitioners are caught off-guard by defects in files that had relatively few pre-release changes (surprise defects). The large commercial software system that we study already had an established concept of breakages as the highest-impact defects, however, the concept of surprises is novel and not as well established. We find that surprise defects are related to incomplete requirements and that the common assumption that a fix is caused by a previous change does not hold in this project. We then fit prediction models that are effective at identifying files containing breakages and surprises. The number of pre-release defects and file size are good indicators of breakages, whereas the number of co-changed files and the amount of time between the latest pre-release change and the release date are good indicators of surprises. Although our prediction models are effective at identifying files that have breakages and surprises, we learn that the prediction should also identify the nature or type of defects, with each type being specific enough to be easily identified and repaired.
User-friendly method for rapid brain and CSF volume calculation using transaxial MRI images (1991)

A reliable computer method was developed for straightforward, rapid determination of whole brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volumes from a set of contiguous transaxial magnetic resonance images. The semiautomatic algorithm used a threshold-guided edge follower. Subtraction of proton-weighted from T2-weighted images was used to highlight CSF. Phantom studies were used for validity assessment. Interrater and intrarater reliability and correlation with manual measurement were excellent. Percent CSF and brain volumes were determined for small groups of Alzheimer's disease, HIV seropositive, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and schizophrenic patients as well as for young and elderly normal controls.
Optimum bearing resolution for a moving towed array and extension of its physical aperture (1990)

This paper examines the limits of the angular resolution capability of a moving towed array (MTA) by finding the Cramer–Rao lower bounds (CRLB) and provides algorithms that extend the physical aperture of an MTA. The model that is considered for the CRLB estimates assumes that an N-hydrophone towed array is moving at a known constant speed and that in the received signal unknowns are all the parameters for two sources. The estimated CRLBs for this model indicated that an N-hydrophone MTA provides very high angular resolution when the duration T of the received signal is very long. This ability of the moving array to resolve two closely spaced sources is related to the fact that the physical aperture has been extended by the distance traveled by the array during the T seconds of the observation period. Computer-simulation examples using a maximum-likelihood estimator and an extended towed array algorithm to find the bearing of sources are presented. The results of these simulations agree with the CRLB if the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is higher than 0 dB at the hydrophone level, which suggests that both of the above techniques are efficient estimators. Real-data applications using the extended towed-array algorithm were successful, and the physical aperture of a 32-hydrophone MTA was extended to an equivalent of a 512-hydrophone fully populated array during 185 s of observation period. These results have also indicated that the performance of the above algorithm is very robust, since it extends the physical aperture of an array by more than one order of magnitude for the case of a very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) broadband signal and for a pure tone, even though the source had a speed of 3.6 kn along its bearing.
Genetic Control of High Oleic Acid Content in Sunflower Oil<sup>1</sup> (1987)

Sunflower ( Helianthm annuus L.) oil high in oleic fatty acid composition is less susceptible to oxidative changes during refining, storage, and frying; therefore, quality is retained longer than sunflower oil high in linoleic fatty acid in both processed oil and the seed. Objectives of this study were to: (i) determine if oleic content of sunflower oil was maternally influenced, (ii) determine the genetic control of oleic acid content, and (iii) identify any modifying factors influencing high oleic acid content. High oleic lines of sunflower derived from ‘Pervenets’ were crossed with the low oleic inbred line, HA 89. The F 1 seed was intermediate in oleic acid content with reciprocal crosses showing maternal effects. This maternal effect on oleic acid is important in determining isolation of both hybrid seed production and general field production of high oleic acid and high linoleic acid sunflower. Oleic acid content was controlled by a major gene with partially dominant gene action, Ol , and a second gene, designated ml . When the recessive gene, ml , is present in homozygous condition, and combined with the gene Ol , oleic levels in seed were elevated to 820 g kg −1 of oil or higher. The linear correlation coefficient between linoleic and oleic acid content for seed analyzed was −0.84, indicating that linoleic and oleic were the fatty acids primarily affected. For expression of very high oleic content in a sunflower hybrid grown in the north central states of the USA, a dominant allele of the Ol gene and the recessive alleles, mlml , of the Ml gene will be necessary.
Physicochemical stability of captopril and enalapril extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients (2013)

The prevalence of hypertension among children has been increasing. Community and Hospital Pharmacists are often challenged to provide an oral liquid extemporaneous formulation for pediatric patients, because there are no appropriate dosage drugs to the specific needs of the child. The objective of this study is to choose and develop suitable pediatric extemporaneous formulations for captopril and enalapril maleate and to determine their physicochemical stability. A survey was carried out to evaluate the extent of dispensation of these drugs in Hospitals in Spain. Stability studies of formulations have been studied according to ICH normative at 5, 25 and 40 °C. Three samples from each temperature were withdrawn and assessed for stability on days 0, 15, 30, 50 and 90 using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) mass spectrometer assay. Rheological studies were carried out to ensure the maintenance of the physical characteristics of these non-Newtonian fluids. Captopril and enalapril maleate formulations used the pure drug and were stable during 50 days at 5 °C. We have developed easy antihypertensive oral liquid extemporaneous formulations for pediatric patients with physical and chemical stability higher than those provided by the majority of Hospitals.
Microfluidic gradient platforms for controlling cellular behavior (2010)

Concentration gradients play an important role in controlling biological and pathological processes, such as metastasis, embryogenesis, axon guidance, and wound healing. Microfluidic devices fabricated by photo- and soft lithography techniques can manipulate the fluidic flow and diffusion profile to create biomolecular gradients in a temporal and spatial manner. Furthermore, microfluidic devices enable the control of cell-extracellular microenvironment interactions, including cell-cell, cell-matrix, and cell-soluble factor interaction. In this paper, we review the development of microfluidic-based gradient devices and highlight their biological applications.
R2 relaxometry with MRI for the quantification of tissue iron overload in β‐thalassemic patients (2005)

Tissue iron deposition in beta-thalassemic patients may be adequately quantified using R2 measurements obtained with a 16-echo MRI sequence with short ES (5 msec), even in patients with a relatively increased iron burden.
Private Learning on Networks: Part II (2017)

This paper considers a distributed multi-agent optimization problem, with the global objective consisting of the sum of local objective functions of the agents. The agents solve the optimization problem using local computation and communication between adjacent agents in the network. We present two randomized iterative algorithms for distributed optimization. To improve privacy, our algorithms add "structured" randomization to the information exchanged between the agents. We prove deterministic correctness (in every execution) of the proposed algorithms despite the information being perturbed by noise with non-zero mean. We prove that a special case of a proposed algorithm (called function sharing) preserves privacy of individual polynomial objective functions under a suitable connectivity condition on the network topology.
Desirable floating-point arithmetic and elementary functions for numerical computation (1978)

The purpose of this talk is to summarize proposed specifications for floating-point arithmetic and elementary functions. The topics considered are: the base of the number system, precision control, number representation, arithmetic operations, other basic operations, elementary functions, and exception handling. The possibility of doing with-out fixed-point arithmetic is also mentioned. The specifications are intended to be entirely at the level of a programming language such as Fortran. The emphasis is on convenience and simplicity from the user's point of view. Conforming to such specifications would have obvious beneficial implications for the portability of numerical software, and for proving programs correct, as well as attempting to provide facilities which are most suitable for the user. The specifications are not complete in every detail, but it is intended that they be complete “in spirit” - some further details, especially syntactic details, would have to be provided, but the proposals are otherwise relatively complete.
Run by run advanced process control of metal sputter deposition (1998)

Metal sputter deposition processes for semiconductor manufacturing are characterized by a decrease in deposition rate from run to run as the sputter target degrades. The goal is to maintain a desired deposition thickness from wafer to wafer and lot to lot. Run by run (RbR) model-based process control (MBPC) has been applied to metal sputter deposition processes at Texas Instruments. RbR MBPC, based on the exponentially weighted moving-average filter, provides the ability to track and compensate for process drifts without a priori assumptions on their magnitude or consistency (from sputter target to sputter target or collimator to collimator). The application of RbR MBPC resulted in an improved C/sub pk/ of 44% for aluminum sputter deposition, while reducing the number of lot-based monitor wafers by a factor of three. The application of RbR MBPC to the titanium sputter deposition process eliminated look-ahead test runs and reduced the number of monitor wafers by a factor of three. At the same time, C/sub pk/ was improved by 10% with the application of RbR MBPC.
Optimization of a HPLC procedure for simultaneous determination of cisplatin and the complex cis,cis,trans-diamminedichlorodihydroxoplatinum(IV) in aqueous solutions (2011)

A RP-HPLC procedure for the simultaneous determination of cisplatin and the complex cis,cis,trans-diamminedichlorodihydroxo-platinum(IV), was development. The developed procedure was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, limits of detection (LOD), limits of quantification (LOQ) and specificity. The limits of detection (LOD) were 0.47 x 10-4 and 0.53 x 10-4 mol L-1 and the limits of quantification (LOQ) were 1.57 x 10-4 and 1.75 x 10-4 mol L-1, for cisplatin and cis,cis,trans-diamminedichlorodihydroxopla-tinum(IV), respectively. The average recoveries of cisplatin and cis,cis,trans-diamminedichlorodihydroxoplatinum(IV) was 100.6% ± 1.4 and 101.2% ± 1.1, respectively. Intermediate (inter-day) precision, repeatability and specificity of the procedure for hydrolysis products of cisplatin were studied. The results of the study showed that the proposed RP-HPLC procedure is simple, rapid, precise, accurate and specific.
Brain lipogenesis and regulation of energy metabolism (2008)

In this review, we summarize what is known about brain lipogenesis and energy balance and propose further avenues of research. Defining these novel mechanisms could offer new targets for the treatment of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Phase unwrapping for large depth-of-field 3D laser holographic interferometry measurement of laterally discontinuous surfaces (2006)

A phase unwrapping method is developed to mathematically increase the depth-of-field for the 3D optical measurement of objects with laterally discontinuous surfaces, which contain disconnected high aspect ratio regions. This method is applied for laser holographic interferometry precision measurements. The phase wrap identification at boundary pixels, masking and recovery, dynamic segmentation and phase adjustment are developed to overcome the divergence problem in phase unwrapping of laterally discontinuous surfaces. An automotive automatic transmission valve body is applied as an example to demonstrate the developed method. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed methods can efficiently unwrap the phase to increase the depth-of-field for laterally discontinuous surfaces. Effects of segment size and width of overlapped regions on the computational efficiency are investigated.
Long-Term Comparative Study of the Schocket and Joseph Glaucoma Tube Shunts in Monkeys (1990)

Schocket and Joseph tube shunts were implanted in normal cynomolgus monkey eyes in order to compare the tissue response to the shunts as well as the pathways of aqueous flow associated with each. Following periods ranging from 5 to 10 months after implantation horseradish-peroxidase and/or fluorescein-labelled latex microspheres were inserted into the anterior chamber. The monkeys were then killed and the eyes studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. In general, tissue responses to, and routes of aqueous flow associated with both shunts were similar: fibrous encapsulation of the drainage tubes and encircling bands, with aqueous flow through these fibrous capsules.