gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of mass influenza immunization in children on the morbidity of the unvaccinated elderly (2005)

The objectives of these studies were to analyse the effect of mass influenza immunization in children on the morbidity of unvaccinated non-institutionalized elderly during an influenza epidemic. A mass vaccination campaign with vaccine was conducted in children aged 3-6 years attending kindergartens (57.4% of 6374) and aged 7-17 years attending schools (72% of 34237) in two communities of the Moscow region. The clinical effectiveness of vaccination was 60.9% for kindergartens and 68.8% for schools. There were 3.4 times fewer episodes of influenza-like illnesses and 1.7-2.6 fewer episodes in all seven diseases which are possible complications of influenza out of the 10 evaluated diseases in 158451 unvaccinated non-institutionalized elderly people during the influenza epidemic compared with the control communities. The differences were found to be statistically significant. Mass vaccination of children attending child institutions brought about a significant reduction of both influenza-like illnesses in children and influenza-associated illnesses in unvaccinated non-institutionalized elderly persons living in the home setting.
Anti-Wrinkle Activity of Ziyuglycoside I Isolated from a<i>Sanguisorba officinalis</i>Root Extract and Its Application as a Cosmeceutical Ingredient (2008)

In order to investigate the potential of a Sanguisorba officinalis root extract as an active ingredient for wrinkle-care cosmetics, we measured its free radical scavenging activity, elastase inhibitory activity, expression of MMP-1 (matrix metalloprotease-1) in vitro, and type I collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast cells. To isolate the main components from the S. officinalis root extract, we purified the extract by solvent fractionation, column chromatography, and recrystallization. The active component was identified as ziyuglycoside I by a spectroscopic analysis. Ziyuglycoside I increased the expression of type I collagen in a dose-dependent manner (by up to 71.3% at 50 muM). A clinical study of a formulation containing ziyuglycoside I, which involved visual evaluation and image analysis, showed a significantly different effect (p<0.05) of the test formulation from that of the placebo. This result suggests that ziyuglycoside I isolated from S. officinalis root extract could be used as an active ingredient for cosmetics.
Current trends in salivary gland tight junctions (2016)

Tight junctions form a continuous intercellular barrier between epithelial cells that is required to separate tissue spaces and regulate selective movement of solutes across the epithelium. They are composed of strands containing integral membrane proteins (e.g., claudins, occludin and tricellulin, junctional adhesion molecules and the coxsackie adenovirus receptor). These proteins are anchored to the cytoskeleton via scaffolding proteins such as ZO-1 and ZO-2. In salivary glands, tight junctions are involved in polarized saliva secretion and barrier maintenance between the extracellular environment and the glandular lumen. This review seeks to provide an overview of what is currently known, as well as the major questions and future research directions, regarding tight junction expression, organization and function within salivary glands.
Dynamic behaviour in piezoresponse force microscopy (2006)

Frequency-dependent dynamic behaviour in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) implemented on a beam-deflection atomic force microscope (AFM) is analysed using a combination of modelling and experimental measurements. The PFM signal is comprised of contributions from local electrostatic forces acting on the tip, distributed forces acting on the cantilever, and three components of the electromechanical response vector. These interactions result in the flexural and torsional oscillations of the cantilever, detected as vertical and lateral PFM signals. The relative magnitudes of these contributions depend on geometric parameters of the system, on the stiffnesses and frictional forces of the tip-surface junction, and on the frequency of operation. The dynamic signal formation mechanism in PFM is analysed and conditions for optimal PFM imaging are formulated. An experimental approach for probing cantilever dynamics using frequency-bias spectroscopy and deconvolution of electromechanical and electrostatic contrast is implemented.
PRESTÍGIO PROFISSIONAL DO ENFERMEIRO: ESTIMAÇÃO DE MAGNITUDES E DE CATEGORIAS EXPANDIDAS (2001)

O prestígio social de profissões de nível superior exercidas por: assistente social, biólogo, dentista, enfermeiro, engenheiro, farmacêutico, físico, fisioterapeuta, fonoaudiólogo, médico, psicólogo, químico e sociólogo foi escalonado pelos métodos psicofísicos de estimação de magnitude e de categorias expandidas. Os resultados mostraram que: 1) quando aumentamos a amplitude limitada das categorias, esse método passa a ter as mesmas características da estimação de magnitudes 2) a relação entre as estimativas de magnitudes e as estimativas de categorias expandidas é uma função de potência com um expoente não significativamente diferente de 1,0. Em função desses dados, podemos concluir que: (1) a profissão de Enfermeiro ocupa a sétima ou a oitava posição em termos do prestígio das 13 profissões, enquanto a de médico ocupa a primeira posição nas escalas obtidas pelos métodos utilizados; (2) as ordenações resultantes dos métodos produzem posições de prestígio altamente concordantes para as diferentes profissões.
Formation of Bismuth Strontium Calcium Copper Oxide Superconducting Films by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1988)

Superconducting films of bismuth strontium calcium copper oxides were prepared by chemical vapor deposition at 910°C and 1 Torr on MgO substrate using a bismuth alkoxide and β-diketonate chelates of Sr, Ca and Cu as source materials. In the film with T c(zero) of 78 K, the predominant phase was Bi 2 (Sr, Ca) 3 Cu 2 O x with the c -axis perpendicular to the substrate.
Splicing therapeutics in SMN2 and APOB. (2009)

Splicing therapeutics are defined as the deliberate modification of RNA splicing to achieve therapeutic goals. Various techniques for splicing therapeutics have been described, and most of these involve the use of antisense oligonucleotide-based compounds that target key elements in the pre-mRNA to control splicing in the nucleus. In this review, recent developments in splicing therapeutics for the treatment of two specific diseases are described: correcting the alternative splicing of survival of motor neuron (SMN)2 pre-mRNA to compensate for the defective SMN1 gene in spinal muscular atrophy, and re-engineering the splicing of apolipoprotein B pre-mRNA to lower circulating cholesterol levels.
Role of endothelin 1 in regulating rabbit airway contractility (1991)

Endothelin 1 (ET-1) is a potent vasoconstrictor peptide recently isolated from vascular endothelial cells. Because its role and mechanisms of action in regulating airway contractility remain to be identified, we examined the contractile effects of ET-1 in isolated rabbit tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) segments. In TSM under passive tension, ET-1 elicited dose-dependent contractions with a mean +/- SE -log 50% of maximal response value of 7.82 +/- 0.13 vs. a value of 5.61 +/- 0.07 -log M for acetylcholine (ACh). In TSM half-maximally contracted with ACh, however, ET-1 exerted dual and opposing contractile effects. Lower doses of ET-1 (less than or equal to 10(-9) M) produced a 74.2 +/- 16.6% decrease in active TSM tension. This relaxant response to ET-1 was associated with an accelerated accumulation of prostaglandin (PG) I2 and PGE2 and was attenuated by cyclooxygenase inhibition with indomethacin (10(-5) M). The combination of indomethacin and removal of the airway epithelium completely inhibited the TSM relaxant response to ET-1. In contrast, higher doses of ET-1 (greater than 10(-9) M) induced airway contractions that were attenuated by the Ca2+ channel blockers nifedipine (10(-5) M) and diltiazem (10(-5) M) and ablated in Ca2(+)-free buffer. Moreover, ET-1-induced TSM contractions were inhibited by the protein kinase C (PK-C) antagonists 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine, and staurosporine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Roles of secreted frizzled-related proteins in cancer (2007)

表明小径的 Wnt 在从发展房间命运到人的疾病的许多生物过程被含有。涉及 Wnt 发信号的部件在在最后 2 十年的强烈调查下面。异常正规 Wnt 激活被连接了到肿瘤形成并且包含受动器分子的激活或卷发相关的蛋白质(sFRPs ) 是的肿瘤 suppressorfunction.Secreted 的损失 Wnt 对手。因为他们的表示经常是在由倡导者 hypermethyla-tion.However 的癌症的 silenced，在最近的年里，积累证据建议了 sFRPs 行为作为肿瘤压制 ors， sFRPs 可以也在 somecontexts.Here 支持房间生长，我们在 tumorigenesis 集中于 sFRPs 的已知的知识。
Association of the major histocompatibility complex with response to infliximab therapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients (2004)

The data suggest that genetic determinants of response to infliximab therapy exist in the HLA complex.
Some unusual engines (1975)

Current concern for environmental protection and fuel saving has revived interest in the possibilities of unorthodox engine configuration. This book is devoted to internal combustion engines of unorthodox design, broadly classified under five headings: (1) unusual respiration in charging and scavenging; (2) unusual construction; (3) unusual valve apparatus; (4) unusual format; and (5) unusual translation of power. The future prospects of some of these designs are discussed. (TRRL)
Identical amino acid sequence of the aroA(G) gene products of Bacillus subtilis 168 and B. subtilis Marburg strain (1995)

A DNA fragment containing the aroA(G) gene of Bacillus subtilis 168, encoding 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase-chorismate mutase, was cloned and sequenced. The N-terminus of the protein encoded by aroA(G) showed homology with chorismate mutase encoded by aroH of B. subtilis and with the chorismate mutase parts of proteins encoded by the pheA and tyrA genes of Escherichia coli. The C-terminus of the aroA(G) product has sequence similarity with 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase of E. coli. It was shown that the proteins encoded by the aroA(G) gene of B. subtilis 168 and the aroA gene of B. subtilis ATCC 6051 Marburg strain are identical, so the observed differences in DAHP synthase activity from these two strains must result from other changes.
Diagnosis of Bacteremia in Whole-Blood Samples by Use of a Commercial Universal 16S rRNA Gene-Based PCR and Sequence Analysis (2009)

In a prospective, multicenter study of 342 blood samples from 187 patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, or neutropenic fever, a new commercial PCR test (SepsiTest; Molzym) was evaluated for rapid diagnosis of bacteremia. The test comprises a universal PCR from the 16S rRNA gene, with subsequent identification of bacteria from positive samples by sequence analysis of amplicons. Compared to blood culture (BC), the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the PCR were 87.0 and 85.8%, respectively. Considering the 34 BC-positive patients, 28 were also PCR positive in at least one of the samples, resulting in a patient-related sensitivity of 82.4%. The concordance of PCR and BC for both positive and negative samples was (47 + 247)/342, i.e., 86.0%. In total, 31 patients were PCR/sequencing positive and BC negative, in whom the PCR result was judged as possible or probable to true bacteremia in 25. In conclusion, the PCR approach facilitates the detection of bacteremia in blood samples within a few hours. Despite the indispensability of BC diagnostics, the rapid detection of bacteria by SepsiTest appears to be a valuable tool, allowing earlier pathogen-adapted antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients.
Faults and unbalance forces in the switched reluctance machine (2002)

The author identifies and analyzes a number of severe fault conditions that can arise in the switched reluctance machine from the electrical and mechanical points of view. It is shown how the currents, torques, and forces may be estimated, and examples are included showing the possibility of large lateral forces on the rotor. The methods used for analysis include finite element analysis, magnetic circuit models, and experiments on a small machine specially modified for the measurement of forces and magnetization characteristics when the rotor is off-centered. The author also describes a computer program (PC-SRD Dynamic) which is used for simulating operation under fault, as well as normal, conditions. The author discusses various electrical configurations of windings and controller circuits, along with methods of fault detection and protective relaying.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hierarchical defect tolerance technique for NRAM repairing with range matching CAM (2013)

Due to the small size of nanoscale devices, they are highly prone to process disturbances which results in manufacturing defects. Some of the defects are randomly distributed throughout the nanodevice layer. Other disturbances tend to be local and lead to cluster defects caused by factors such as layer misintegration and line width variations. In this paper, we propose a method for identifying cluster defects from random ones. The motivation is to repair the cluster defects using rectangular ranges in a range matching content-addressable memory (RM-CAM) and random defects using triple-modular redundancy (TMR). It is believed a combination of these two approaches is more effective for repairing defects at high error rate with less resource. With the proposed fault repairing technique, defect recovery results are examined for different fault distribution scenarios. Also the mapping circuit structure required for two conceptual 32×32 and 64×64 bit RAMs are presented and their speed, power and transistor count are reported.
SWARM: Scheduling Large-Scale Jobs over the Loosely-Coupled HPC Clusters (2008)

Compute-intensive scientific applications are heavily reliant on the available quantity of computing resources. The Grid paradigm provides a large scale computing environment for scientific users. However, conventional Grid job submission tools do not provide a high-level job scheduling environment for these users across multiple institutions. For extremely large number of jobs, a more scalable job scheduling framework that can leverage highly distributed clusters and supercomputers is required. In this paper, we propose a high-level job scheduling Web service framework, Swarm. Swarm is developed for scientific applications that must submit massive number of high-throughput jobs or workflows to highly distributed computing clusters. The Swarm service itself is designed to be extensible, lightweight, and easily installable on a desktop or small server. As a Web service, derivative services based on Swarm can be straightforwardly integrated with Web portals and science gateways. This paper provides the motivation for this research, the architecture of the Swarm framework, and a performance evaluation of the system prototype.
Survey of Catalysts for Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2021)

Recent advances in frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) have enabled the rapid and energy-efficient fabrication of high-performance and thermoset materials. The second-generation Grubbs complex [(SIMes)RuCl2(PCy3)] is the most exploited FROMP catalyst to date despite the availability of several other commercial variants. Changes in the nature of the catalytic species may provide potential advantages for controlling FROMP conditions, polymer microstructure, and monomer selectivities. Herein, nine catalysts are employed for the FROMP of dicyclopentadiene and ethylidene norbornene mixtures to generate copolymers, and the associated polymerization process parameters (front temperatures and velocities) are measured for each system. Dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and quasistatic tensile testing reveal significant differences in the mechanical and material properties of the resultant polymers.
Structure of hepatitis B Dane particle DNA before and after the Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction (1977)

DNA isolated from the hepatitis B antigen form known as the Dane particle was examined by electron microscopy before and after the endogenous Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction. The most frequently occurring form was an untwisted circular double-stranded DNA molecule approximately 1 mum in length. Less frequently occurring forms included circular DNA of approximately unit length and having one or more small single-stranded regions, similar circular molecules with one or more tails either shorter or longer than 1 mum in length, and very small circular molecules with tails. There was no increase in frequency or length of tails after a DNA polymerase reaction, suggesting that tails were not formed during this reaction. The mean length of circular molecules increased by 23% when DNA was spread in formamide compared with aqueous spreading, suggesting that single-stranded regions are present in most of the molecules. The mean length of circular molecules obtained from aqueous spreading increased by 27% after a Dane particle DNA polymerase reaction. This indicates that single-stranded regions were converted to double-stranded DNA during the reaction.
Spheroplastic phase of mycobacteria isolated from patients with Crohn's disease (1986)

Two strains of an unclassified Mycobacterium species were isolated after 18 and 30 months of incubation of media inoculated with resected intestinal tissues from patients with Crohn's disease. These strains represented the third and fourth isolates of this organism from Crohn's disease patients. Ultrastructural examination of this strain and two previously isolated strains revealed the presence of spheroplasts which eventually transformed into the bacillary form of a previously unrecognized Mycobacterium species. These cell wall-deficient forms did not stain with conventional dyes and failed to grow on hypertonic media. Restriction polymorphism of the ribosomal DNA genes was used to determine the relationship between the cell wall-deficient and bacillary forms. Identical restriction patterns of the ribosomal DNA genes were found between the spheroplasts and Mycobacterium sp. isolates with EcoRI, BamHI, and XhoI restriction endonucleases, thus providing definitive evidence of their origin. Unidentified spheroplasts were isolated from an additional 12 patients with Crohn's disease, of which 7 of 10 seroagglutinated with antiserum prepared against the Mycobacterium sp. Spheroplasts were isolated from 16 of 26 (61%) patients with Crohn's disease but not from tissues of 13 patients with ulcerative colitis or 13 patients with other diseases of the bowel. These findings support the role of mycobacteria as etiologic agents in some cases of Crohn's disease.
Translation validation for an optimizing compiler (2000)

We describe a translation validation infrastructure for the GNU C compiler. During the compilation the infrastructure compares the intermediate form of the program before and after each compiler pass and verifies the preservation of semantics. We discuss a general framework that the optimizer can use to communicate to the validator what transformations were performed. Our implementation however does not rely on help from the optimizer and it is quite successful by using instead a few heuristics to detect the transformations that take place.
Sporadic pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma harboring the <i>ETV6/NTRK3</i> fusion oncogene in a 7-year-old Japanese girl: a case report and review of literature (2018)

Genetic evaluation showed ETV6/NTRK3 fusion but no BRAF mutations or RET/PTC rearrangements. RET/PTC rearrangement and BRAF mutations often contribute to the pathogenesis of PTC; however, rearrangements of NTRK genes are relatively rare in pediatric PTC. Although NTRK rearrangement has been shown to often present unique pathological types and infiltrative architectures in the western population, such findings were not observed in this patient. Thus, the present case of classic PTC with ETV6/NTRK3 rearrangement highlights the disparate collection of clinic-pathological features compared to the trend in the western population. We therefore emphasize the need to further accumulate clinical as well as genetic data in pediatric PTCs.
Activation of Human Monocytic Cells by <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> and <i>Treponema pallidum</i> Is Facilitated by CD14 and Correlates with Surface Exposure of Spirochetal Lipoproteins (1999)

Here we examined the involvement of CD14 in monocyte activation by motile Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum. B. burgdorferi induced secretion of IL-8 by vitamin D3-matured THP-1 cells, which was inhibited by a CD14-specific mAb known to block cellular activation by LPS and the prototypic spirochetal lipoprotein, outer surface protein A. Enhanced responsiveness to B. burgdorferi also was observed when THP-1 cells were transfected with CD14. Because borreliae within the mammalian host and in vitro-cultivated organisms express different lipoproteins, experiments also were performed with "host-adapted" spirochetes grown within dialysis membrane chambers implanted into the peritoneal cavities of rabbits. Stimulation of THP-1 cells by host-adapted organisms was CD14 dependent and, interestingly, was actually greater than that observed with in vitro-cultivated organisms grown at either 34 degrees C or following temperature shift from 23 degrees C to 37 degrees C. Consistent with previous findings that transfection of Chinese hamster ovary cells with CD14 confers responsiveness to LPS but not to outer surface protein A, B. burgdorferi failed to stimulate CD14-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. T. pallidum also activated THP-1 cells in a CD14-dependent manner, although its stimulatory capacity was markedly less than that of B. burgdorferi. Moreover, cell activation by motile T. pallidum was considerably less than that induced by treponemal sonicates. Taken together, these findings support the notion that lipoproteins are the principle component of intact spirochetes responsible for monocyte activation, and they indicate that surface exposure of lipoproteins is an important determinant of a spirochetal pathogen's proinflammatory capacity.
An airborne outbreak of smallpox in a German hospital and its significance with respect to other recent outbreaks in Europe. (1970)

Since 1960, smallpox has been introduced into 10 European countries on 28 separate occasions. Most commonly, the index case was infected in Asia and returned to Europe by air during the period December-May. Subsequent cases have occurred mainly among persons exposed by direct, face-to-face, contact in the household or hospital. Medical and hospital personnel, patients and visitors constituted approximately half of all cases in these outbreaks.In a recent outbreak in Meschede, Federal Republic of Germany, detailed epidemiological studies have clearly indicated that 17 of the cases were infected by virus particles disseminated by air over a considerable distance within a single hospital building. Several features believed to be of importance in this unusual pattern of transmission were common to a similar outbreak in the Federal Republic of Germany in 1961 in which airborne transmission also occurred. These features include a source case with extensive rash and cough, low relative humidity in the hospital and air currents which caused rapid dissemination of the virus. While airborne transmission of this sort is rarely observed in smallpox outbreak, it is important to recognize that it may occur under certain circumstances.Proper vaccination of travellers prior to their departure from their native countries and a regular programme for vaccination of medical and hospital personnel could have prevented at least half of the cases which occurred in Europe during the past decade. Although progress in the global smallpox eradication programme has been accompanied by a decreased frequency of importations into Europe, no country should relax its vigilance until smallpox has been eliminated everywhere.