gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Both Group 4 Capsule and Lipopolysaccharide O-Antigen Contribute to Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Resistance to Human α-Defensin 5 (2013)

Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC and EHEC) are food-borne pathogens that colonize the small intestine and colon, respectively. To cause disease, these pathogens must overcome the action of different host antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) secreted into these distinct niches. We have shown previously that EHEC expresses high levels of the OmpT protease to inactivate the human cathelicidin LL-37, an AMP present in the colon. In this study, we investigate the mechanisms used by EPEC to resist human α-defensin 5 (HD-5), the most abundant AMP in the small intestine. Quantitative PCR was used to measure transcript levels of various EPEC surface structures. High transcript levels of gfcA, a gene required for group 4 capsule (G4C) production, were observed in EPEC, but not in EHEC. The unencapsulated EPEC ∆gfcA and EHEC wild-type strains were more susceptible to HD-5 than EPEC wild-type. Since the G4C is composed of the same sugar repeats as the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen, an -antigen ligase (waaL) deletion mutant was generated in EPEC to assess its role in HD-5 resistance. The ∆waaL EPEC strain was more susceptible to HD-5 than both the wild-type and ∆gfcA strains. The ∆gfcA∆waaL EPEC strain was not significantly more susceptible to HD-5 than the ∆waaL strain, suggesting that the absence of -antigen influences G4C formation. To determine whether the G4C and -antigen interact with HD-5, total polysaccharide was purified from wild-type EPEC and added to the ∆gfcA∆waaL strain in the presence of HD-5. The addition of exogenous polysaccharide protected the susceptible strain against HD-5 killing in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting that HD-5 binds to the polysaccharides present on the surface of EPEC. Altogether, these findings indicate that EPEC relies on both the G4C and the -antigen to resist the bactericidal activity of HD-5.
Cascaded Dilated Dense Network with Two-step Data Consistency for MRI Reconstruction (2019)

Compressed Sensing MRI (CS-MRI) aims at reconstrcuting de-aliased images from sub-Nyquist sampling k-space data to accelerate MR Imaging. Inspired by recent deep learning methods, we propose a Cascaded Dilated Dense Network (CDDN) for MRI reconstruction. Dense blocks with residual connection are used to restore clear images step by step and dilated convolution is introduced for expanding receptive field without taking more network parameters. After each sub-network, we use a novel two-step Data Consistency (DC) operation in k-space. We convert the complex result from first DC operation to real-valued images and applied another sampled \emph{k}-space data replacement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed CDDN with two-step DC achieves state-of-art result.
Improvement of carrier ballisticity in junctionless nanowire transistors (2011)

In this work we show that junctionless nanowire transistor (JNT) exhibits lower degree of ballisticity in subthreshold and higher ballisticity above threshold compare to conventional inversion-mode transistors, according to quantum mechanical simulations. The lower degradation of the ballisticity above threshold region gives the JNT near-ballistic transport performance and hence a high current drive. On the other hand, lower ballisticity in subthreshold region helps reducing the off-current and improves the subthreshold slope. A three-dimensional quantum mechanical device simulator based on the nonequilibrium Green’s function formalism in the uncoupled mode-space approach has been developed to extract the physical parameters of the devices.
Temperature Characteristics of Coiled Nylon Monofilament Actuator (2018)

It is said that the next popular robots are robots cooperating with humans. Soft actuators are suitable for them. Therefore various soft actuators are researched and developed all over the world. A new interesting soft actuator was proposed in Science at 2014. It is made of coiled nylon monofilament, and driven by heating and cooling. It has several good features: lightweight, flexibility, large deforming and very low cost. Research on the actuator is just getting started, therefore the manufacturing process and the control technique are not established. We have proposed the new control system by electrical heating and reported the basic properties. In this paper, we report the temperature characteristics and the repeat accuracy by using the same experimental system.
Molecular screening ofSHH,ZIC2,SIX3, andTGIF genes in patients with features of holoprosencephaly spectrum: Mutation review and genotype-phenotype correlations (2004)

Holoprosencephaly (HPE; 1 out of 16,000 live births; 1 out of 250 conceptuses) is a complex brain malformation resulting from incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon, affecting both the forebrain and the face. Clinical expressivity is variable, ranging from a single cerebral ventricle and cyclopia to clinically unaffected carriers in familial dominant autosomic HPE. The disease is genetically heterogeneous, but additional environmental agents also contribute to the etiology of HPE. In our cohort of 200 patients, 34 heterozygous mutations were identified, 24 of them being novel ones: 13 out of 17 in the Sonic hedgehog gene (SHH); 4 out of 7 in ZIC2; and 7 out of 8 in SIX3. The two mutations identified in TGIF have already been reported. Novel phenotypes associated with a mutation have been described, such as abnormalities of the pituitary gland and corpus callosum, colobomatous microphthalmia, choanal aperture stenosis, and isolated cleft lip. This study confirms the great genetic heterogeneity of the disease, the important phenotypic variability in HPE families, and the difficulty to establish genotype-phenotype correlations.
Photoelectrochemical Properties of In<sub><i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>N/GaN Multiquantum Well Structures in Depletion Layers (2011)

Photoelectrochemical conversion from light to chemical energy is one of the most promising candidates for renewable energy generation. The most crucial of the many serious problems to be solved for this conversion is the slow carrier transfer at the semiconductor–electrolyte interface. We propose one of solutions using quantum wells, and in the work reported here we evaluated the electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties of InxGa1–xN/GaN multi quantum well (MQW) structures in the depletion layer. The structures were grown by conventional metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy on (0001) sapphire substrates. Their electrochemical and photoelectrochemical properties differ from those of the bulk materials.
New applications of wirelessly interrogable passive SAW sensors (1998)

Applying passive wirelessly interrogable surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, many physical parameters can be measured. Up to now, all SAW sensor applications are performed by taking a snapshot of the sensor's response periodically and evaluating the measurand assumed to be quasi-stationary. Therefore, the upper limit for the rate of sampling of a mechanical affect to the sensor is the interrogation rate. Usually, it is in the range of some tenths of kilohertz or less, measurands with a periodicity of up to a few kilohertz can he sampled satisfactory. Even audible vibrations of machine parts can be monitored. Here, the behavior of the sensors for dynamic measurands is discussed, the mechanisms of interrogation limiting the permissible measurand's bandwidth are described, and error estimations are made. Advanced applications for the measurement of vibration and acceleration, for dynamic pressure measurement in mechanical engineering, e.g., for monitoring the tires of cars, are presented.
43.4: A 4‐inch Reflective Color TFT‐LCD Using a Plastic Substrate (2002)

Abstract We have developed a reflective type color TFT‐LCD using a novel plastic substrate. The display area is 4‐inch diagonal with 240×RGB×240 pixels (85ppi). This is the first report of a flat panel display driven by TFT array on a plastic substrate with PDA size and resolution. It shows that our development has stepped near to a mass production of the plastic TFT‐LCDs.
Synthesis and assembly of self-complementary calix[4]arenes. (1995)

A calix[4]arene was designed to reversibly dimerize and form an egg-shaped enclosure. Adhesive interactions in the assembly were provided by four self-associating ureas, which form a cyclic array containing 16 hydrogen bonds. The synthesis was completed in four steps from the previously described O,O',O",O"'-tetrabenzylcalix[4]arene. Evidence for dimerization of the calixarene tetraurea was provided by H NMR, mass spectrometry, and the observation of encapsulated molecules. The resulting cavity was of sufficient size to capture guests such as ethyl benzene and p-xylene.
Immunologic studies of aging. V. Impaired proliferation of PHA responsive human lymphocytes in culture. (1980)

The impaired response to mitogens of lymphocytes from old persons has been shown to result from the presence of fewer responsive cells and the failure of these cells to divide normally after stimulation. We present additional evidence that the successive divisions of mitogen-responsive lymphocytes from old people are impaired. We labeled sister chromatids with BrdU and identified cells that were dividing for the first, second, or third time in culture. This analysis showed that lymphocyte cultures from old people contained only one-half the number of lymphocytes dividing for a second time and less than one-quarter the number of cells dividing for a third time compared with lymphocyte cultures from young people. It was shown that these changes reflected an absolute decrease in the number of second and third generation cells in cultures from old persons. No alterations in the cytokinetics of proliferation by lymphocytes from old people were found. These results provide additional evidence that mitogen-responsive lymphocytes from healthy elderly people do not undergo as many divisions in cultures with PHA as do lymphocytes from young persons.
Optically Pure <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-Symmetric Cyclic(alkyl)(amino)carbene Ruthenium Complexes for Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis (2020)

An expedient access to the first optically pure ruthenium complexes containing <i>C</i><sub>1</sub>-symmetric cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene ligands is reported. They demonstrate excellent catalytic performances in asymmetric olefin metathesis with high enantioselectivities (up to 92% ee). Preliminary mechanistic insights provided by density functional theory models highlight the origin of the enantioselectivity.
Ganoderma extract activates MAP kinases and induces the neuronal differentiation of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells (2000)

The pharmacology and clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine has been extensively documented. We have used an in vitro model system, PC12 cells, to demonstrate the presence of neuroactive compounds in Ganoderma lucidum (lingzhi). Ganoderma extract induced the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells and prevented nerve growth factor-dependent PC12 neurons from apoptosis. Moreover, these effects of ganoderma might be mediated via the ras/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) and cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) signaling pathways, as demonstrated by the phosphorylation of Erk1, Erk2 and CREB. Thus, our data not only present the first evidence of the presence of neuroactive compounds that mediate the neuronal differentiation and neuroprotection of the PC12 cells, but also reveal the potential signaling molecules involved in its action.
Adaptive hierarchical stereo matching using object segmentation and window warping (2002)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive stereo matching algorithm to encompass stereo matching problems in projective distortion region. Since the projective distortion region can not be estimated in terms of fixed-size block matching algorithm, we tried to use adaptive window warping method in hierarchical matching process to compensate the perspective distortions. In addition, probability theory was adopted to encompass uncertainty of disparity of points over the window in this study. The proposed stereo matching algorithm has been tested on both disparity map and 3D model view. The experimental results show that remarkable improvement is obtained in the projective distortion region.
Reactive oxygen species produced by macrophage-derived foam cells regulate the activity of vascular matrix metalloproteinases in vitro. Implications for atherosclerotic plaque stability. (1996)

Vulnerable areas of atherosclerotic plaques often contain lipid-laden macrophages and display matrix metalloproteinase activity. We hypothesized that reactive oxygen species released by macrophage-derived foam cells could trigger activation of latent proforms of metalloproteinases in the vascular interstitium. We showed that in vivo generated macrophage foam cells produce superoxide, nitric oxide, and hydrogen peroxide after isolation from hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Effects of these reactive oxygens and that of peroxynitrite, likely to result from simultaneous production of nitric oxide and superoxide, were tested in vitro using metalloproteinases secreted by cultured human vascular smooth muscle cells. Enzymes in culture media or affinity-purified (pro-MMP-2 and MMP-9) were examined by SDS-PAGE zymography, Western blotting, and enzymatic assays. Under the conditions used, incubation with xanthine/xanthine oxidase increased the amount of active gelatinases, while nitric oxide donors had no noticeable effect. Incubation with peroxynitrite resulted in nitration of MMP-2 and endowed it with collagenolytic activity. Hydrogen peroxide treatment showed a catalase-reversible biphasic effect (gelatinase activation at concentrations of 4 microM, inhibition at > or = 10-50 microM). Thus, reactive oxygen species can modulate matrix degradation in areas of high oxidant stress and could therefore contribute to instability of atherosclerotic plaques.
Application of 23G vitrectomy for preretinal hemorrhage and sub-inner limiting membrane hemorrhage (2013)

Objective To observe the application of 23-gauge vitrectomy in treating preretinal hemorrhage and inner limiting membrane hemorrhage.Methods The clinical data of 23-gauge vitrectomy for treatment of preretinal hemorrhage and inner limiting membrane hemorrhage in 9 cases (9 eyes) were analysed.Results The preretinal hemorrhage and inner limiting membrane hemorrhage were cleared in 9 cases,and visual acuity improved.Conclusion 23-gauge transconjunctival vitrectomy is a safe and effective surgical procedure for preretinal hemorrhage and inner limiting membrane hemorrhage with quick recovery and less complication.

Key words: 
Preretinal hemorrhage;  Inner limiting membrane hemorrhage ;  23-gauge vitrectomy system
Autologous Fat Graft in Nipple Reconstruction (2003)

Reconstruction of the nipple is the penultimate step in breast reconstruction after mastectomy. A number of reconstructive techniques have been described for nipple reconstruction including skin grafts, composite grafts, and various local flaps. The authors' preferred reconstructive technique is the local C-V or modified star flap. This flap produces an excellent reconstruction, but it is dependent on underlying subcutaneous fat to provide bulk to the reconstructed nipple. In most instances, the subcutaneous tissue is adequate. However, under certain circumstances, the subcutaneous fat may be insufficient to produce a nipple of adequate projection. Two cases of bilateral nipple reconstruction after soft-tissue expansion and implant placement and subsequent nipple reconstruction with local flaps provided inadequate nipple projection. These instances, as well as a retrospective review of reconstructed nipples after mound restoration using a variety of techniques, led the authors to conclude that a more predictable alternative to sustain nipple projection was necessary. The authors identified two broad categories of breast reconstruction patients in whom this new technique would be beneficial. In the first category of patients, breast mounds are reconstructed with tissue expansion and implant insertion, and in the second category, breast mounds are reconstructed by any technique in which the nipple reconstruction subsequently flattens. This article describes the indications, techniques, and experience in 13 patients treated over a 10-month period with fat grafting for nipple reconstruction.
3D Structure of Ramoplanin:  A Potent Inhibitor of Bacterial Cell Wall Synthesis<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The 3D structure of ramoplanin was studied by NMR spectroscopy in aqueous solution. A total of 320 interproton distances were determined from a NOESY spectrum and were used as restraints in distance geometry calculations. A structural refinement was carried out by molecular dynamics calculations in a solvent box. The structure of ramoplanin is characterized by two antiparallel beta-strands which are formed by the residues 2-7 and 10-14, respectively. The beta-strands are connected by six intramolecular hydrogen bonds and a reverse beta-turn which is formed by Thr8 and Phe9 (in positions i+1 and i+2, respectively). Residues 2 and 14 are connected by a loop consisting of Leu15, Ala16, Chp17, and the side chain of Asn2. Although residues 14-17 show the formation of a beta-turn, only the N-terminal end of the turn is directly connected to one of the beta-strands (Gly14), whereas the C-terminal end (Chp17) is linked via the side chain of Asn2. The 3D conformation of ramoplanin is also stabilized by a hydrophobic cluster of the aromatic sidechains of the residues 3, 9, and 17. This hydrophobic collapse leads to a U-shaped topology of the beta-shee: with the beta-turn at one end and the loop at the other end. The structure found for ramoplanin differs corsiderably from the published structure of ramoplanose which might be due to a smaller number of NOE distance restraints used in the previous study.
Electrical Properties of Mg-Implanted 4H-SiC (2014)

Because Al and B (elements of III group) in SiC are deep-level acceptors and these acceptors cannot reduce the resistivity of p-type SiC very much, Mg (element of II group) that may emit two holes into the valence band is investigated. A p-type 4H-SiC layer is obtained by 1800 °C annealing of the Mg-implanted layer, not by 1600 and 1700 °C annealing. It is found that a Mg acceptor level in 4H-SiC is too deep to determine the reliable density and energy level of the Mg acceptor using the frequently-used occupation probability, i.e., the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. Using the distribution function including the influence of the excited states of the Mg acceptor, therefore, its density and energy level can be determined to be approximately 1×10 19 cm -3 and 0.6 eV, respectively. Judging from the Mg implantation condition, the obtained values are considered to be reliable.
Personnel selection : Principles, methods and techniques (1998)

What is personnel selection? 
Personnel selection can be defined as an organiza­
tion's activities aimed at choosing people for the 
fulfilment of jobs. It comprises both choices 
concerning the decision to admit people to the 
organization and the decision about a change of 
position inside the organization. The choice typi­
cally aims at achieving an optimal result defined 
by some kind of objective. While formerly the 
objective has been to find suitable candidates, 
nowadays it is to optimize utility, defined in 
terms of the interests of the organization. Utility 
refers to the overall result of selection evaluated 
against the background of the goals and resources 
of the organization, and to its success in the 
organization 's environment.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF a <sub>w</sub> MEASUREMENTS OBTAINED WITH THE SINA SCOPE (1977)

ABSTRACT A calibration procedure for the Sina‐scope hygrometer is described. Four saturated salt solutions, covering a range from 0.755–0.967a w , and two foods, with a, levels in the intermediate moisture food range, were tested to determine the accuracy and precision of the Sina instrument. Accuracy, relative to averaged published a, levels for the four standard salts, was evaluated. Most measured values were slightly less than the averaged standards. The greatest difference noted was ‐1.06% of the standard. Estimates of instrument precision showed that the coefficient of variation decreased with measurement of successively higher a, standard solutions and did not exceed 1%. Instrument readings to two decimal places possessed standard deviations slightly lower than corresponding readings estimated to three decimal places. Standard deviations (20 replicates at each a w ) ranged from o—0.004. Estimates of pooled, between‐sensor standard deviation showed that there were no significant differences between the two sensors used in those studies. Equilibration periods of 45 or 60 min were almost equally precise. The number of replicates required to produce a given level of data confidence are calculated and presented. Similar results relative to estimates of precision were obtained with the two foods tested.
Resources in the Wisconsin Center for Theatre Research (1967)

WISCONSIN Center for Theatre Research (wctr) is an active research resource for students of the American theatre. It is one of several research programs sponsored by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin and the University of Wisconsin. Another of these programs, the Mass Communications History Center (mchc), was established by the society in 1955, and shortly thereafter it incorporated recent theatre and film materials as part of its collections. The wctr came into being 5 years later, when the university offered to help the society expand the scope of its theatre and film resources. The Department of Speech assumed the major responsibility for collecting unpublished and published primary materials relating to theatre in its broadest sense. The University Memorial Library enlarged its purchase of published volumes in the theatre field, and the MCHC emphasized more intensively its radio, television, and film collecting interests. The two centers operate as separate but cooperative administrative units. The WCTR director, Prof. Tino Balio, is a member of the Department of Speech and has the responsibility for searching out and acquiring all theatre materials, coordinating his activities with those of the mchc. The theatre collections are housed and used in the State Historical Society's Manuscripts Library and are processed and arranged under society staff supervision. Reference queries are usually handled by the society's manuscripts curator. The WCTR has concentrated upon the American theatre from 1900 to the present. The center has built its holdings in a manner traditional with collectors of historical materials. Its collections focus on the personal and professional records of people eminent in the theatre and on the historical files of theatre organizations. This emphasis has produced a wealth of diverse materials within individual collections, particularly since the modern dramatist frequently moves from one dramatic medium to another. Moss Hart,