gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bubble masks for time-encoded imaging of fast neutrons (2013)

Time-encoded imaging is an approach to directional radiation detection that is being developed at SNL with a focus on fast neutron directional detection. In this technique, a time modulation of a detected neutron signal is induced-typically, a moving mask that attenuates neutrons with a time structure that depends on the source position. An important challenge in time-encoded imaging is to develop high-resolution two-dimensional imaging capabilities; building a mechanically moving high-resolution mask presents challenges both theoretical and technical. We have investigated an alternative to mechanical masks that replaces the solid mask with a liquid such as mineral oil. Instead of fixed blocks of solid material that move in predefined patterns, the oil is contained in tubing structures, and carefully introduced air gaps-bubbles-propagate through the tubing, generating moving patterns of oil mask elements and air apertures. Compared to current moving-mask techniques, the bubble mask is simple, since mechanical motion is replaced by gravity-driven bubble propagation; it is flexible, since arbitrary bubble patterns can be generated by a software-controlled valve actuator; and it is potentially high performance, since the tubing and bubble size can be tuned for high-resolution imaging requirements. We have built and tested various single-tube mask elements, and will present results on bubble introduction and propagation for different tube sizes and cross-sectional shapes; real-time bubble position tracking; neutron source imaging tests; and reconstruction techniques demonstrated on simple test data as well as a simulated full detector system.
Managing heart failure (2020)

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Transient suppression of clonal hemopoiesis associated with pregnancy in a patient with a myeloproliferative disorder. (1988)

We have used restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to study the clonal involvement of the blood cells in a woman with myeloproliferative disease, whose initially high platelet count (940,000/microliter) spontaneously decreased during a normal pregnancy but then returned rapidly to the same high level after delivery of her child. Analysis of her erythroid progenitors showed the presence of erythropoietin-independent progenitors before, during, and after her pregnancy, consistent with a diagnosis of myeloproliferative disease, and persistence of the abnormal clone throughout the period of study. Analysis of DNA from her blood granulocytes showed these to be polyclonal at mid-pregnancy, when her platelet count had decreased to normal values, in comparison to the monoclonal pattern exhibited by her blood granulocytes 3 mo postpartum, when her platelet count was again elevated. These results demonstrate a partial conversion to normal, polyclonal hemopoiesis during her pregnancy and suggest a previously unanticipated differential sensitivity of normal and neoplastic hemopoietic cells to physiological changes associated with this state.
MIXER VISCOMETER CONSTANT (k) FOR THE BROOKFIELD SMALL SAMPLE ADAPTER AND FLAG IMPELLER (1996)

ABSTRACT The mixer viscometer constant (k 1 ) of a Brookfield viscometer equipped with a flag impeller and small sample adapter was determined using the slope and matching viscosity methods. Results showed that k’ was equal to a constant value of 2.92 rad −1 using the slope method and found to be a function of angular velocity (Ω), k’= 2.54(Ω) −0.176 , using the matching viscosity method. An example problem illustrating how the mixer viscometry principle can be used to determine the relationship between apparent viscosity and average shear rate is presented.
Quinoline esters as potential antimalarial drugs: effect on relapses of Plasmodium cynomolgi infections in monkeys (1990)

Two compounds of the quinoline ester series, WR 197236 (6-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-7-beta-phenoxyethoxyquinoline ) and WR 194905 (4-acetoxy-6-decyloxy-7-isopropoxy-3-methoxycarbonylquinoline++ +), exhibit anti-relapse activity against sporozoite-induced Plasmodium cynomolgi B infections in rhesus monkeys. Both the compounds have been found to be curative when given intramuscularly in 7 daily doses of 15 mg/kg, and no relapses were observed during the observation period of 120 d.
Less sensitive oxygen-rich organic peroxides containing geminal hydroperoxy groups (2015)

A series of oxygen-rich organic peroxide compounds each containing two bis(hydroperoxy)methylene groups is described. Energetic testing shows that these compounds are much less sensitive toward impact and friction than existing classes of organic peroxides. The compounds are highly energetic, which may lead to practical peroxide-based explosives.
Vibration rejection for inertially stabilized double gimbal platform using acceleration feedforward (2011)

The paper documents a computational design and an experimental verification of a vibration rejection scheme for an inertially stabilized platform mounted on a mobile base. The mechanical configuration of the platform is that of a standard double gimbal, which realizes a mass stabilization of the line of sight of an optoelectronic payload such as a camera an/or laser ranger finder. Nonideal static balancing of the payload gives rise to projection of the carrier vibrations onto a disturbing torque acting on the payload around the joint axes. This disturbance can be left for the existing inertial angular rate feedback to attenuate but a better solution can be devised. The cause of this disturbing torque — the linear acceleration of the carrier — can be measured, filtered and fed forward to the two direct drive motors. Experiments prove that significant vibration rejection is achieved with this feedforward compensation scheme.
Studies in phlebitis VIII: evaluations of pH solubilized intravenous dexverapamil formulations. (1996)

Injectable and infusion formulations of dexverapamil are evaluated for their potential to produce phlebitis. The evaluation technique utilizes two independent in vitro methods and two in vivo methods to screen a pH solubilized drug for its potential to induce phlebitis due to precipitation at the injection site. One method is based upon a theoretical calculation that simulates the change of solubility upon dilution. Its predictions are confirmed by the second method which consists of an in vitro precipitation experiment. Thermal and visual evaluations are then obtained from an in vivo rabbit ear injection. Dexverapamil formulations that have low buffering capacity are shown to contribute to the incidence of phlebitis to a greater extent than the properly buffered formulations. The calculation and the in vitro precipitation experiment are found to be useful in formulating pH solubilized parenterals. They enable the formulator to optimize pH, drug concentration, and buffer concentration without the need for animal studies. The results of this study show the importance of selecting a buffer that provides adequate buffer capacity in the formulations.
Equilibria in Fuel Cell Gases (2003)

Because chemical compositions in thermodynamic equilibrium for various fuel gases are specified by the ratios among carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, carbon-hydrogen-oxygen (C-H-O) ternary diagrams are useful to present relevant operational conditions of fuel cells. Such C-H-O ternary diagrams are constructed, describing the carbon deposition region, the fuel gas region, partial pressures of gaseous species including O 2 , H 2 , and CO, and electromotive force corresponding to the theoretical open circuit voltage of fuel cells. Such ternary diagrams present these operational conditions for any given C-H-O ratios without any additional calculations.
[The weakening of the inhibition of the H-reflex in patients who have had a stroke and its relation to spasticity of the skeletal musculature]. (1994)

Inhibition of the soleus H-reflex was studied in hemiparetic postapoplectic patients and in control group of patients without motor disorders. The depression of H-reflex was caused by stimulation of ipsilateral peroneal nerve and presented in two successive waves (D1 and D2). The former of them corresponds to presynaptic inhibition. The size of both waves of inhibition was reduced in postapoplectic patients according to the degree of their muscle spasticity.
Electrical gate length measurement test structure for short channel MOSFET characteristics evaluation (2002)

The electrical characteristics and gate lengths of individual MOSFETs are evaluated by a test structure with a Kelvin pattern as the gate electrode. The gate length measurement by SEM can be substituted by the electrical measurement using this test structure. Excellent correspondence is obtained between the threshold voltage lowering in the short channel region and the electrically measured gate length. Furthermore, the precision of drain-to-gate overlap length is improved by applying the effective channel length extraction method to the electrically measured gate length instead of the commonly used designed gate length.
Gemeckere auf Knopfdruck : das Forschungsprojekt „Radar Medienkritik Schweiz“ (2016)

Wer kritisiert hierzulande öffentlich Medienleistungen? Welche medienkritischen Diskurse finden statt und welche Dynamik weisen sie auf? Antworten auf solche Fragen gibt es ab jetzt. Automatisiert. Und fast in Echtzeit.
A comparison of the molecular clock of hepatitis C virus in the United States and Japan predicts that hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in the United States will increase over the next two decades (2002)

The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is considerably lower in the U.S. than in Japan. To elucidate this difference, we determined the time origin of the HCV epidemic in each country by using molecularly clocked long-term serial samples obtained from HCV carriers of genotypes 1a and 1b. The molecular clock estimated that HCV genotype 1 first appeared in Japan in around 1882, whereas emergence in the U.S. was delayed until around 1910. In addition, by statistical analysis using coalescent theory, the major spread time for HCV infection in Japan occurred in the 1930s, whereas widespread dissemination of HCV in the U.S. occurred in the 1960s. These estimates of viral spread time are consistent with epidemiologic observations and predict that the burden of HCC in the U.S. will increase in the next two to three decades, possibly to equal that currently experienced in Japan.
Political Decision Making by Informed Juries (2014)

The article discusses the political power of informed juries via political decision making in the U.S. It examines the exercise of political power by juries in U.S. jurisprudence, the history of courts delegating politically significant issues of law to juries, such as the colonial Massachusetts case of defendant John Peter Zenger, and the knowledge required of juries to make political decisions as demonstrated by the cases Erving v. Cradock and, particularly, the Arizona case of State v. May.
A multichannel implantable telemetry system for flow, pressure, and ECG measurements (1975)

The design of telemetry systems for chronic implantation within the body have progressed from simple single-channel devices to complex multichannel systems over the last 15 yr. Although chronic measurements of temperature, ECG, and pressure have been reported with good results, measurements such as dimension and blood flow have been difficult because of heavy power requirements. The design to be described is a multiplex system that will measure up to eight individual parameters simultaneously, including blood flow. Flow is measured using an electromagnetic transducer, and by special design, the normal high power requirements of the electromagnetic technique have been reduced to a few hundred milliwatts. The system is powered by two NiCad, rechargeable batteries which are periodically recharged through the intact skin by induction at 250 kHz to an implanted pickup coil. The presently constructed units have been configured to measure ECG, two pressures, temperature and ascending aortic flow.
NCX-701. NicOx. (2004)

NicOx is developing NCX-701, a nitric oxide-releasing derivative of paracetamol (acetaminophen), for the potential treatment of inflammation and pain. The compound is currently undergoing phase III clinical trials.
Parameter of Nonlinearity in Fluids. II (1965)

The sound velocity has been measured as a function of temperature and hydrostatic pressure for a number of organic liquids and for water-methanol mixtures. These data have been used to compute the ratio B/A of the coefficient B of the quadratic term to that of the linear term A in the adiabatic expansion of pressure changes in terms of density changes. The ratio has also been computed (by use of data from other sources) for sea water and for five alcohols. A discussion is given of various methods of computing B/A.
Hybrid Electric Vehicle Based on Bidirectional Z-Source Nine-Switch Inverter (2010)

Multiterminal converters are used in hybrid energy systems as a replacement for several conventional two-terminal converters to reduce volume and cost. This paper proposes a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) based on a bidirectional z-source nine-switch inverter. A unidirectional z-source nine-switch inverter, which was proposed by the authors, has been improved to allow bidirectional power flow. The proposed converter has two ac and one dc bidirectional terminals that can be used in HEV. Performance of the proposed HEV has been verified by simulation and experimental results.
Variation in hospital caesarean section rates for preterm births (2015)

Both casemix and practice differences contributed to the variation in hospital caesarean rates. Low preterm caesarean rates were not associated with worse outcomes.
Meckel and Joubert Syndromes (2010)

Both Meckel (Gruber) syndrome (MKS; MIM 249000) and Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD; MIM 213300) are rare, autosomal recessive genetic disorders that share congenital malformations of the posterior fossa or the hindbrain and are associated with defects in the structure and/or the function of the primary cilium. The cardinal features of Meckel syndrome include the triad of brain anomalies (usually an occipital encephalocele), cystic renal dysplasia, and hepatic ductal plate malformation, in conjunction with a variety of other more variable malformations, such as polydactyly. MKS is typically lethal in the perinatal period. The genetic defects in MKS involve at least five genes that localize to the primary cilium and/or the basal body. Joubert syndrome and related disorders are characterized by a complex hindbrain malformation identified on axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) known as the molar tooth sign (MTS), as well as intellectual disability, hypotonia, and often, abnormal respiratory pattern and/or abnormal eye movements. In addition, a broad spectrum of other congenital anomalies, including retinal dystrophy, ocular coloboma, oral frenulae and tongue tumors, polydactyly, cystic renal disease (including cystic dysplasia or juvenile nephronophthisis), and congenital hepatic fibrosis, have been described. In contrast to MKS, most children with this condition survive infancy to reach adulthood. At least seven genes cause JSRD, with the MKS3 gene more likely to be associated with hepatic fibrosis and the JSRD subtype known as COACH syndrome. In fact, the JSRD genes associated with liver (and other) phenotypes overlap with the MKS genes, illustrating the close association of these two disorders and their shared etiology in coding for proteins important in the function of the primary cilium.
Statistical Evaluation of Internal and External Mass Calibration Laws Utilized in Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (2005)

The statistical evaluation of two common and three new calibration laws utilized in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry are presented. Electrospray ionization was used to prepare a series of mass spectra of ammonium-adducted polypropylene glycol (PPG) with an average molecular weight of 1000 Da. The singly charged PPG-1000 oligomers allowed for the description of a broad range of m/z and abundance values within each mass spectrum. The hexapole accumulation time was varied to afford a range of total ion abundance values of about an order of magnitude. To examine each of the calibration laws, we utilized cross-validation both "within-spectrum" and "between-spectra" for internally and externally calibrated data, respectively. In addition, we used t-statistics to ensure that each calibration coefficient was statistically significant and necessary to accurately describe the variation in the data. In comparison to commonly used calibration laws for internal calibration, our new calibration law based on multiple linear regression offered a 2-fold improvement in mass measurement accuracy (MMA). In comparison to external calibration laws without automatic gain control, our new calibration law using multiple regression improved the MMA by >10-fold; this improvement would increase further as the dynamic range of the measurement increases (e.g., a biological system). For both our internal and external calibration laws, the median MMA was less than 1 part-per-million. Furthermore, we investigate the number of calibrant ions as well as their required m/z range in order to successfully achieve high MMA.
Surface plasmons at single nanoholes in Au films (2004)

The generation of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) at isolated nanoholes in 100nm thick Au films is studied using near-field scanning optical microscopy. Finite-difference time-domain calculations, some explicitly including a model of the scanning tip, are used to interpret the results. We find the holes act as point-like sources of SPPs and demonstrate that the interference between the SPP and a directly transmitted wave allows determination of the wavelength, phase, and decay length of the SPP. The near-field intensity patterns can be manipulated by varying the angle and polarization of the incident beam.
Group 13 and Lanthanide Complexes Supported by Tridentate Tripodal Triamine Ligands:  Structural Diversity and Polymerization Catalysis (2007)

Several different synthetic approaches to a total of 13 novel B, Al, and Sm complexes derived from the tridentate tripodal triamine ligand [N3]H3 with a neopentane, trisilylmethane, or trisilylsilane backbone and different N-substituents, as well as applications of the selected complexes to polymerization catalysis, are reported. Salt metathesis between HC[SiMe2N(CH2Ph)]3Li3(THF)2 (THF = tetrahydrofuran) and AlCl3 in Et2O/hexanes leads to complete elimination of LiCl and formation of the corresponding tripodal triamido alane HC[SiMe2N(CH2Ph)]3Al·(THF) (1). On the other hand, the reaction of {MeC[CHN(SiMe3)]3Li3}2 and AlCl3 in Et2O/hexanes yields a LiCl-containing compound MeC[CH2N(SiMe3)]3AlCl[Li(Et2O)] (2). Alkane elimination involving [N3]H3 and 1 AlMe3 produces diamido−amino aluminum methyl HC[SiMe2NHAr][SiMe2NAr]2AlMe [Ar = 4-MeC6H4 (3), CH2Ph (4)], while the reaction using ≥2 AlMe3 gives amido−amino aluminum dimethyl [ArHNMe2Si](H)C[SiMe2NAr]2(AlMe2)2 (Ar = 4-MeC6H4, 5) and [(Me3Si)HNCH2](Me)C[CH2N(SiMe3)]2(AlMe2)2 (6). The H2-elimination route involves treatment of [N3]H3 with LiAlH4 and AlH3, affording [{HC[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3AlH}Li]2 (7) and MeSi[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3AlH(AlH2) (8), respectively. There is no reaction between [N3]H3 and Al[N(SiMe3)2]3; however, the amine-elimination reaction using Sm[N(SiMe3)2]3 produces tripodal triamido Sm complex {MeSi[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3Sm}2 (9). Ligand exchange between tripodal borane HC[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3B and AlR3 (R = Me, H) offers the first-step ligand exchange product HC[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3BMe(AlMe2) (10) or the second-step ligand exchange product HC[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3AlH(BH2) (11). Activation of dimethyl metallocenes LZrMe2 by HC[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]3B produces ligand redistribution products LZrMe[N(4-MeC6H4)SiMe2](H)C[SiMe2N(4-MeC6H4)]2BMe [L = Cp2 (12), rac-Et(Ind)2 (13)]. Besides characterizations by NMR and elemental analysis of the above new complexes, six of them (2, 4, 5, 8, 9, and 13) have also been structurally characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction studies. “Activated” metallocene complexes 12 and 13 are inactive for ethylene or propylene polymerization. Complex 1 exhibits low activity for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of propylene oxide, but high activity for ROP of ε-caprolactone (CL). Significantly, tripodal aluminum hydride 8 effects catalytic ROP of CL upon addition of benzyl alcohol as a chain-transfer reagent.
Fast reversible NiTi fibers for use in microrobotics (2002)

The authors report the experimentally determined characteristics of NiTi fibers which have been modified using a preparation procedure in which the fibers were subjected to brief very large current pulses during forced stretching. The modified fibers contract and relax fast enough to be of use in microrobotics. The modified fibers generate a maximum extrapolated stress of 230 MN/m/sup 2/ and yield a peak measured power/mass approaching 50 kW/kg. The theory of a micro-actuator incorporating the modified fibers is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Implementing Network Virtualization for a Future Internet (2009)

Abstract — The Internet has become an essential communi-cation medium upon which billions of people rely every day. However, necessary evolution of the Internet has been severely limited by reliability constrains and social-economic factors. Experts fear that current growth rates will threaten the future of the Internet as a whole, despite the fact that new core technologies already exist. Network virtualization presents a promising approach to overcome ossification and facilitate service deployment for a future Internet. Exploring this approach, we present a prototype implementation which realizes a subset of the 4WARD virtual network (VNet) architecture, allowing multiple VNets to coexist on top of a shared physical infrastructure. We discuss the functionality of our prototype and demonstrate experimental results to assess its performance. I.
Both free and complexed trypsin inhibitors stimulate pancreatic secretion and change duodenal enzyme levels (1997)

Secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes was measured in pancreatic cannulated rats after duodenal stimulation with Kunitz or Bowman-Birk protease inhibitors or their complexes with trypsin and/or chymotrypsin. Free and complexed inhibitors were bound by the duodenal epithelium, stimulated the discharge of cholecystokinin, and significantly increased secretion rates of alpha-amylase, trypsinogen, and chymotrypsinogen. Inasmuch as secretion rates returned to basal levels with cholecystokinin-A receptor antagonists, the stimulation was likely to be mediated by cholecystokinin. Soya factors also influenced the duodenal concentration of pancreatic enzymes under simulated feeding conditions. Thus the level of alpha-amylase increased while the trypsin concentration decreased in rats gavaged with free or complexed inhibitors. The same was true for chymotrypsin when the Bowman-Birk inhibitor was used, but the Kunitz inhibitor and its trypsin complex actually raised the luminal concentration of chymotrypsin. Accordingly, because soya inhibitors remained effective in stimulating pancreatic secretion after elimination of their inhibitory activity by complex formation, it is questionable whether the signal for cholecystokinin secretion was solely due to lowering of duodenal protease levels.