gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Due to Lysosomal α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase Deficiency (1989)

AMONG the inherited neurologic diseases, the neuroaxonal dystrophies constitute a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by a common axonal lesion.1 These disorders include the infantile (Seitelberger's disease), late-infantile, and juvenile forms of neuroaxonal dystrophy, neuroaxonal leukodystrophy, and Hallervorden–Spatz syndrome, which can be of late-infantile, juvenile, or adult onset. The morphologic hallmark of these disorders is the presence of swellings, or "spheroids," in the terminal endings or the distal portions of axons in the central nervous system, or both. Ultrastructurally, such axonal swellings contain densely packed layers of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and other membranous arrays, among which mitochondria, lysosomes, other organelles, . . .
Pharmacokinetic profiling of therapeutic proteins and variants by mass spectrometry (2014)

Development and
Phase I study of saracatinib (AZD0530) in combination with paclitaxel and/or carboplatin in patients with solid tumours (2012)

Saracatinib doses up to 175 mg with paclitaxel with/without carboplatin showed acceptable toxicity in most patients, and are suitable for further trials.
Synthèse de deux nouveaux acides amines phénoliques comportant un cycle 1,2,4‐oxadiazole (1977)

Synthesis of two phenolic amino acids containing the 1,2,4‐oxadiazole ring The synthesis of α‐amino‐β [3‐( p ‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,2,4, oxadiazol‐5‐yl]propionic acid (9) and its β‐amino isomer (10) (see scheme 3 ) is reported. By condensation of p ‐benzyloxy‐benzamide oxime and N‐benzyloxycarbonyl asparagine the derivatives 4 and 5 (see scheme 1 ) are obtained leading after deprotection to 9 and 10 . The synthesis of N‐carboxyanhydride of 4 (6) and its corresponding amino acid (7) and amide (8) is also described.
Some Current and Future Trends of High Voltage Transmission Electron Microscopy (1973)

The Optimum Voltages for Electron Microscopy – The advantages of high voltage electron microscopy are now well established, and many applications, such as use of environmental cells both in metallurgy and biology, are now possible. However recent experiments at Toulouse indicate that except for light elements, there is no appreciable gain in transmission for a given resolution level as the energy is increased above 1 MeV (see Fig. 1). These results are not as optimistic as theory might indicate. Special effects such as critical voltages above 1 MeV are of interest, but knock-on radiation damage imposes limitations on many applications. Thus it would appear that 1 MeV is a reasonable upper limit for most applications in materials science.
Validation of a New Method for Estimating &OV0312;O2max Based on &OV0312;O2 Reserve (2004)

A new method for estimating VO2max from submaximal cycling based on VO2 reserve has been found to be valid and more accurate than previous methods.
Intense ultraviolet upconversion luminescence from Tm3+∕Yb3+:β-YF3 nanocrystals embedded glass ceramic (2007)

The infrared to ultraviolet upconversion emissions of Tm3+ I61→F43 (346nm) and D21→H63 (362nm) transitions, originating from the five- and four-photon upconversion processes, respectively, were observed in the Tm3+∕Yb3+ codoped precursor glass and glass ceramic containing β-YF3 nanocrystals. The ultraviolet luminescence of the glass ceramic is 30 times stronger than that of the precursor glass, which could be attributed to the decreased probability of the F23→F43 transition and the increased cross relaxation of F23+H43→H63+D21 resulted from the partition of rare earth ions into nanocrystals.
Line-of-Sight Millimeter-Wave Communications Using Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing Combined With Conventional Spatial Multiplexing (2017)

Line-of-sight wireless communications can benefit from the simultaneous transmission of multiple independent data streams through the same medium in order to increase system capacity. A common approach is to use conventional spatial multiplexing with spatially separated transmitter/receiver antennae, for which inter-channel crosstalk is reduced by employing multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) signal processing at the receivers. Another fairly recent approach to transmitting multiple data streams is to use orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) multiplexing, which employs the orthogonality among OAM beams to minimize inter-channel crosstalk and enable efficient (de)multiplexing. In this paper, we explore the potential of utilizing both of these multiplexing techniques to provide system design flexibility and performance enhancement. We demonstrate a 16 Gbit/s millimeter-wave link using OAM multiplexing combined with conventional spatial multiplexing over a short link distance of 1.8 meters (shorter than Rayleigh distance). Specifically, we implement a spatial multiplexing system with a 2 × 2 antenna aperture architecture, in which each transmitter aperture contains two multiplexed 4 Gbit/s data-carrying OAM beams. A MIMO-based signal processing is used at the receiver to mitigate channel interference. Our experimental results show performance improvements for all channels after MIMO processing, with bit-error rates of each channel below the forward error correction limit of 3.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> . We also simulate the capacity for both the 4 × 4 MIMO system and the 2 × 2 MIMO with OAM multiplexing. Our work indicates that OAM multiplexing and conventional spatial multiplexing can be simultaneously utilized to provide design flexibility. The combination of these two approaches can potentially enhance system capacity given a fixed aperture area of the transmitter/receiver (when the link distance is within a few Rayleigh distances).
An unusual RNA tertiary interaction has a role for the specific aminoacylation of a transfer RNA. (1993)

The nucleotides in a tRNA that specifically interact with the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase have been found largely located in the helical stems, the anticodon, or the discriminator base, where they vary from one tRNA to another. The conserved and semiconserved nucleotides that are responsible for the tRNA tertiary structure have been shown to have little role in synthetase recognition. Here we report that aminoacylation of Escherichia coli tRNA(Cys) depends on the anticodon, the discriminator base, and a tertiary interaction between the semiconserved nucleotides at positions 15 and 48. While all other tRNAs contain a purine at position 15 and a complementary pyrimidine at position 48 that establish the tertiary interaction known as the Levitt pair, E. coli tRNA(Cys) has guanosine -15 and -48. Replacement of guanosine -15 or -48 with cytidine virtually eliminates aminoacylation. Structural analyses with chemical probes suggest that guanosine -15 and -48 interact through hydrogen bonds between the exocyclic N-2 and ring N-3 to stabilize the joining of the two long helical stems of the tRNA. This tertiary interaction is different from the traditional base pairing scheme in the Levitt pair, where hydrogen bonds would form between N-1 and O-6. Our results provide evidence for a role of RNA tertiary structure in synthetase recognition.
Nitric Oxide Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokine Production by Human Alveolar Macrophages (1997)

High levels of nitric oxide (NO) have been reported in exhaled air of asthmatic individuals. Because alveolar macrophages (AM) are major producers of cytokines, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from asthmatic individuals contains increased levels of inflammatory cytokines, this study was undertaken to determine whether NO modified the production of inflammatory cytokines by human AM. AM were obtained from normal volunteers by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.5 microg/ml) was measured with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). NO generated from 2,2-(hydroxynitrosohydrazono)-bis-ethanamine (DETA NONOate) (0.1 to 1.0 mM) inhibited TNF-alpha secretion in a dose-dependent manner. At 1 mM DETA NONOate, mean inhibition (+/- SEM) of TNF-alpha secretion was 56 +/- 4% (P = 0.002). To determine whether this effect was cytokine specific, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) were evaluated, and DETA NONOate was also found to inhibit both of these cytokines. Basal cytokine levels from unstimulated AM were unaffected by NO. These findings indicate that NO is a potent inhibitor of cytokine production by stimulated human AM.
A 300-MHz 4-Mb wave-pipeline CMOS SRAM using a multiphase PLL (1995)

A 4-Mb (64 k/spl times/64) synchronous wave-pipeline CMOS SRAM is fabricated by 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS technology. Multiphase active pulse control (MPAC) enables fully random 300 MHz operation at 2.5 V, resulting in a bandwidth of 2.4 GB/s. The pulse is generated by multiphase PLL (MPPLL) using an array oscillator with current consumption of 7.5 mA.
Formation temperatures of thermogenic and biogenic methane (2014)

Methane is an important greenhouse gas and energy resource generated dominantly by methanogens at low temperatures and through the breakdown of organic molecules at high temperatures. However, methane-formation temperatures in nature are often poorly constrained. We measured formation temperatures of thermogenic and biogenic methane using a "clumped isotope" technique. Thermogenic gases yield formation temperatures between 157° and 221°C, within the nominal gas window, and biogenic gases yield formation temperatures consistent with their comparatively lower-temperature formational environments (<50°C). In systems where gases have migrated and other proxies for gas-generation temperature yield ambiguous results, methane clumped-isotope temperatures distinguish among and allow for independent tests of possible gas-formation models.
Logic synthesis speeds ASIC design (1989)

An explanation is given of logic synthesis, a design methodology whereby the designer begins by describing a design's behavior in high-level code, and capturing its intended functionality rather than its implementation. Once the functionality has been thoroughly verified through simulation, the designer reformulates the design in terms of large structural blocks. The resulting description is called register-transfer level (RTL) since the equations describe how the data is transferred from one register to another. The designer simulates the RTL description and revises it as necessary to arrive at an acceptable high-level design. Logic synthesis provides two fundamental capabilities: automatic translation of high-level descriptions into logic designs, and optimization to decrease the circuit's area and increase its speed. The capabilities and present limitations of the approach are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using synthetic data to train neural networks is model-based reasoning (2017)

We draw a formal connection between using synthetic training data to optimize neural network parameters and approximate, Bayesian, model-based reasoning. In particular, training a neural network using synthetic data can be viewed as learning a proposal distribution generator for approximate inference in the synthetic-data generative model. We demonstrate this connection in a recognition task where we develop a novel Captcha-breaking architecture and train it using synthetic data, demonstrating both state-of-the-art performance and a way of computing task-specific posterior uncertainty. Using a neural network trained this way, we also demonstrate successful breaking of real-world Captchas currently used by Facebook and Wikipedia. Reasoning from these empirical results and drawing connections with Bayesian modeling, we discuss the robustness of synthetic data results and suggest important considerations for ensuring good neural network generalization when training with synthetic data.
Use of Fuzzy Controller for Hybrid Traction Control System in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2006)

In the normal condition, the front wheels follow the control trace of the driver and rear wheels follow the direction of the vehicle. The vehicle would spin and lose the control trace of the driver if the traction force is greater than the friction force. Therefore, a vehicle should maintain an adequate slip ratio of the tires and follow the control trace of the driver. This paper described a fuzzy controller for hybrid traction control system in hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) that prevented the spinning of the drive wheels during take-off and acceleration through targeted, brief brake impulses in motor torque. The task is to have the fuzzy supervisory controller generate the electric brake torque, for motor of a HEV. The electric brake torque is treated as reference input regenerative braking torque, for lower level control modules. When these lower level motor controller tracks its reference input, the desired slip ratio, can be reduced. Emergency lane change, tire slip ratio change simulations and experimental results were performed to show the effectiveness of the control. The efficiency and easy implementation of the fuzzy controller lead to the conclusion that fuzzy logic is an adequate and promising framework for hybrid traction control system in hybrid electric vehicles
Decision to Use an Airframe Parachute in a Flight Training Environment (2014)

The purpose of this study was to complete a qualitative analysis of the decision-making process used by pilots to determine whether or not to deploy an airframe parachute system. A sample of participants from the subject university’s flight training program was selected to complete a scripted simulator flight in instrument flight conditions. During the flight, participants experienced an engine failure while enroute during IFR conditions. The script was examined and validated by an expert panel who determined use of the airframe parachute was the most appropriate outcome for the scenario. Interestingly, only 9 of the 21 participants responded as expected by the expert panel and deployed the parachute system; only three of the nine followed the correct deployment procedure as outlined in the Pilot’s Operating Handbook. Analysis of a post-flight survey completed by participants provides insights into the decision-making process used by pilots and offers explanations on why or why not participants used the airframe parachute.
Breakdown voltage enhancement for devices on thin silicon layer/silicon dioxide film (1991)

Studies of high-voltage lateral device structures on a thin silicon layer over silicon dioxide have been carried out. It was found both theoretically and experimentally that over 600-V devices can be realized using a structure consisting of an n diffusion layer over a 15- mu m-thick high-resistivity n/sup -/ silicon layer over 3- mu m silicon dioxide (SOI). A method is presented to enhance breakdown voltage by applying a large share of the voltage to the bottom oxide.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Recent Development of Peptide Coupling Reagents in Organic Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Silk Fibroin Separators: A Step Toward Lithium-Ion Batteries with Enhanced Sustainability (2018)

Battery separators based on silk fibroin (SF) have been prepared aiming at improving the environmental issues of lithium-ion batteries. SF materials with three different morphologies were produced: membrane films (SF-F), sponges prepared by lyophilization (SF-L), and electrospun membranes (SF-E). The latter materials presented a suitable porous three-dimensional microstructure and were soaked with a 1 M LiPF<sub>6</sub> electrolyte. The ionic conductivities for SF-L and SF-E were 1.00 and 0.32 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 20 °C, respectively. A correlation between the fraction of β-sheet conformations and the ionic conductivity was observed. The electrochemical performance of the SF-based materials was evaluated by incorporating them in cathodic half-cells with C-LiFePO<sub>4</sub>. The discharge capacities of SF-L and SF-E were 126 and 108 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, at the C/2-rate and 99 and 54 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>, respectively, at the 2C-rate. Furthermore, the capacity retention and capacity fade of the SF-L membrane after 50 cycles at the 2C-rate were 72 and 5%, respectively. These electrochemical results show that a high percentage of β-sheet conformations were of prime importance to guarantee excellent cycling performance. This work demonstrates that SF-based membranes are appropriate separators for the production of environmentally friendlier lithium-ion batteries.
Development of magnetic components for 1-10 MHZ DC/DC converters (1988)

Thesis (Sc. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1988.
In vivo generation of DNA sequence diversity for cellular barcoding (2014)

Heterogeneity is a ubiquitous feature of biological systems. A complete understanding of such systems requires a method for uniquely identifying and tracking individual components and their interactions with each other. We have developed a novel method of uniquely tagging individual cells in vivo with a genetic 'barcode' that can be recovered by DNA sequencing. Our method is a two-component system comprised of a genetic barcode cassette whose fragments are shuffled by Rci, a site-specific DNA invertase. The system is highly scalable, with the potential to generate theoretical diversities in the billions. We demonstrate the feasibility of this technique in Escherichia coli. Currently, this method could be employed to track the dynamics of populations of microbes through various bottlenecks. Advances of this method should prove useful in tracking interactions of cells within a network, and/or heterogeneity within complex biological samples.
Learning human reach-to-grasp strategies: Towards EMG-based control of robotic arm-hand systems (2012)

Reaching and grasping of objects in an everyday-life environment seems so simple for humans, though so complicated from an engineering point of view. Humans use a variety of strategies for reaching and grasping anything from the simplest to the most complicated objects, achieving high dexterity and efficiency. This seemingly simple process of reach-to-grasp relies on the complex coordination of the musculoskeletal system of the upper limbs. In this paper, we study the muscular co-activation patterns during a variety of reach-to-grasp motions, and we introduce a learning scheme that can discriminate between different strategies. This scheme can then classify reach-to-grasp strategies based on the muscular co-activations. We consider the arm and hand as a whole system, therefore we use surface ElectroMyoGraphic (sEMG) recordings from muscles of both the upper arm and the forearm. The proposed scheme is tested in extensive paradigms proving its efficiency, while it can be used as a switching mechanism for task-specific motion and force estimation models, improving EMG-based control of robotic arm-hand systems.
Interaction of the amylose-extender and waxy mutants of maize (1976)

Journal Article Interaction of the amylose-extender and waxy mutants of maize: Dosage effects Get access C. D. BOYER, C. D. BOYER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. L. GARWOOD, D. L. GARWOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. C. SHANNON J. C. SHANNON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 67, Issue 4, July 1976, Pages 209–214, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a108711 Published: 01 July 1976
Application of time-frequency distributions to radar imaging (2002)

Radar imaging for a bistatic radar system is discussed. A model for the backscattered signal is used to show the relationship between the Wigner-Ville distributions of the transmitted and received signals. Tomographic reconstruction techniques are discussed for the reconstruction of the target's scattering function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
JRC: A Job Post and Resume Classification System for Online Recruitment (2017)

Due to the increasing growth in online recruitment, traditional hiring methods are becoming inefficient. This is due to the fact that job portals receive enormous numbers of unstructured resumes - in diverse styles and formats - from applicants with different fields of expertise and specialization. Therefore, the extraction of structured information from applicant resumes is needed not only to support the automatic screening of candidates, but also to efficiently route them to their corresponding occupational categories. This assists in minimizing the effort required by employers to manage and organize resumes, as well as to screen out irrelevant candidates. In this paper, we present JRC - a Job Post and Resume Classification system that exploits an integrated knowledge base for carrying out the classification task. Unlike conventional systems that attempt to search globally in the entire space of resumes and job posts, JRC matches resumes that only fall under their relevant occupational categories. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, we have conducted several experiments using a real-world recruitment dataset. Additionally, we have evaluated the efficiency and effectiveness of proposed system against state-of-the-art online recruitment systems.
A DCM-Only Buck Regulator With Hysteretic-Assisted Adaptive Minimum-On-Time Control for Low-Power Microcontrollers (2015)

A 40-mA buck regulator operating in the inherently stable Discontinuous Conduction Mode (DCM) for the entire load range is presented. A pulse frequency modulation control scheme is implemented using a proposed hysteretic-assisted adaptive minimum-on-time controller to automatically adapt the regulator to a wide range of operating scenarios in terms of input, output, and passive component values while ensuring compensationless DCM operation with minimized inductor peak current. Thus, compact silicon area, low quiescent current, high efficiency, and robust performance across all possible scenarios can be achieved without any calibration. Moreover, power gating is employed in the analog circuits of the proposed controller to further improve efficiency at sub-mA loads. The regulator is integrated within a low-power microcontroller in 90-nm CMOS to power its digital core while allowing maximum flexibility in the powering options of the microcontroller and the choice of the passive components. It occupies 0.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and achieves 92% peak efficiency, and 78.5% and 86% efficiency at 200-μA and 40-mA loads, respectively. It handles an input in the range of 1.8-4.2 V, an output in the range of 0.9-1.4 V, an inductor in the range of 4.7-10 μH, and an output capacitor in the range of 2.2-10 μF without any calibration or reoptimization.