gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The John Charnley Award. Inhibition of wear debris mediated osteolysis in a canine total hip arthroplasty model. (1997)

In this study the efficacy of an oral bisphosphonate therapy to inhibit wear debris mediated bone resorption was evaluated in a canine total hip replacement model. Adult canines were randomized to three groups (n = 8 each) with a right uncemented total hip replacement performed on each animal. Group I (control) received no particulate debris. In Groups II and III, a mixture of 1 x 10(9) particles were introduced into the proximal femoral gap intraoperatively. The particle mixture consisted of fabricated ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (mean 2.3 microns, 90% by number), titanium alloy (mean 3.1 microns, 5%), and cobalt chrome alloy (mean 0.8 micron, 5%). Group III canines additionally received oral drug therapy (5 mg once a day, alendronate sodium) which was begun on postoperative Day 7 and continued until the time of sacrifice. Postoperatively, all animals were allowed 24 weeks of full ambulation before euthanasia. Radiographs obtained preoperatively, postoperatively, and at time of sacrifice were evaluated for periprosthetic osteolysis. Interfacial tissues were examined histologically and placed in organ culture and the supernatants were assayed for prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1. One animal receiving debris (Group II) suffered a periprosthetic fracture and was sacrificed from the study. Radiographically, one of eight Group I (control) and six of seven canines from Group II (debris) had periprosthetic radiolucencies with endosteal scalloping develop. In contrast, only one of eight animals from Group III (debris + alendronate) had periprosthetic radiolucencies develop. Whereas tissues from control animals were mostly fibrous and acellular, tissues from both experimental groups had significant macrophage infiltration. Levels of prostaglandin E2 and interleukin-1 were elevated significantly in periprosthetic tissues from both experimental groups compared with controls. Continuous administration of alendronate effectively inhibited bone lysis for the 24-week duration of the study. This is consistent with the literature indicating that alendronate is incorporated in the mineralizing matrix making it refractory to osteoclastic resorption. This report has significant clinical implications for controlling the most common cause of implant failure.
The nature of secretory agglutinins and aggregating factors. III. Secretory conglutinin-like factor SKF detects a cross-reaction between bacteria and complement component C3. (1980)

Secretory conglutinin-like factor (SKF) reacts directly with an unknown surface component of some, but not all, oral gram-positive organisms. The absorption of SKF by bacteria is EDTA-sensitive and cannot be blocked with immunoglobulins. High levels of SKF in EDTA extracts of washed salivary sediment reveal the direct in vivo reaction of SKF with oral bacteria. Mixed aggregation with alexinated erythrocytes showed the SKF corresponds to the secretory bacterial aggregating factor (SBAF) for Streptococcus mutans serotype c and also that for Streptococcus mitis. These reactions represent a cross-reaction between bacteria and complement component C3. SKF/SBAF non-mucin glycoproteins and immunoglobulins possess receptors for bacterial components while mucins are passive carriers of blood group determinants.
Human Marginal Zone B Cells (2009)

Human marginal zone (MZ) B cells are, in a sense, a new entity. Although they share many properties with their mouse counterpart, they also display striking differences, such as the capacity to recirculate and the presence of somatic mutations in their B cell receptor. These differences are the reason they are often not considered a separate, rodent-like B cell lineage, but rather are considered IgM memory B cells. We review here our present knowledge concerning this subset and the arguments in favor of the proposition that humans have evolved for their MZ B cell compartment a separate B cell population that develops and diversifies its Ig receptor during ontogeny outside T-dependent or T-independent immune responses.
A Copper Porphyrin‐Based Conjugated Mesoporous Polymer‐Derived Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen and Oxygen Evolution (2016)

Scalable and robust catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are required for the implementation of water splitting technologies as a globally applicable method of producing renewable hydrogen. Herein, we report nitrogen-enriched porous carbon materials containing copper/copper oxide, derived from copper porphyrin-based conjugated mesoporous polymers (CMPs), as a bifunctional catalyst for both HER and OER. These catalysts have a high surface area, unique tubular structure, and strong synergistic effect of copper/copper oxide and porous carbons, resulting in excellent performance for water splitting. Under optimal conditions, the catalyst exhibits a quite low overpotential for OER (350 mV to reach 1.0 mA cm(-2) and 450 mV to reach 10 mA cm(-2) ) in alkaline media, which places it among the best copper-based water oxidation catalysts reported in the literature. Furthermore, the catalyst shows good catalytic activity for HER at a low overpotential (190 mV to reach 1.0 mA cm(-2) ) as well as a high current density (470 mV to reach 50 mA cm(-2) ). The results suggest that hybridized copper/carbon materials are attractive noble-metal-free catalysts for water splitting.
Steady‐State Pharmacokinetics of Carvedilol and Its Enantiomers in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure (2000)

Carvedilol is a relatively new drug with beta- and alpha 1-receptor blocking activity and antioxidant effects recently approved for the treatment of congestive heart failure (CHF). An ascending, multiple-dose study was completed in 20 male patients with stable New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV CHF. The pharmacokinetics of carvedilol, S(-)-carvedilol, R(+)-carvedilol, and the active metabolites of carvedilol was assessed at steady state after twice-daily oral administration of carvedilol for 7 days at 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 mg doses. Carvedilol exhibited stereoselective pharmacokinetics in CHF patients with dose-proportional increases in steady-state plasma concentrations of carvedilol and its enantiomers. Mean AUC and Cmax values for carvedilol were up to twofold higher in patients with Class IV CHF as compared to those with Class III CHF. Steady-state plasma concentrations of the active metabolites also increased in a dose-proportional manner and were typically 10% or less of that observed for carvedilol. In general, carvedilol was adequately tolerated by adult male CHF patients at the dose levels (6.25-50 mg) evaluated in this study as adverse events were consistent with those frequently observed in patients with CHF.
Mitigation of correlated non-linearities in digital phased arrays using channel-dependent phase shifts (2003)

In an active phased array, each Transmitter/Receiver Module (TRM) performs a set of approximately linear functions (e.g., amplification, mixing, etc.) with the resulting signals later combined via beamforming techniques. Since these nearly-linear functions are performed prior to beamforming, it is theoretically possible to improve upon the dynamic range (DR) of each TRM through post-module array integration gain. It has been demonstrated, however, that DR enhancement may be limited by correlated nonlinear distortion (i.e., correlated from module to module). A general technique that ensures nonlinearities do not add constructively from module to module has been proposed recently, and verified experimentally for a special case. Another special case of the general technique has been described analytically, but with no experimental verification. In this paper, we correct a flaw in this analysis, and extend it. Measurements on a thirteen channel digital phased array demonstrate that introducing random phase shifts into an array can substantially mitigate nonlinear distortion, thus improving DR over the array.
Veralipride versus conjugated oestrogens: A double-blind study in the management of menopausal hot flushes (1984)

A double-blind, randomized study was carried out in 43 women, who had undergone spontaneous menopause at least 6 months earlier, to compare the effectiveness and tolerance of veralipride with that of a conjugated oestrogens preparation in the control of hot flushes. Twenty-one women received 100 mg veralipride per day and 22 were due to receive 1.25 mg per day of the hormone preparation over a period of 20 days but 3 women in the oestrogen group discontinued the trial without giving any reason. The number, duration and severity of hot flushes were assessed and scored at the start of the trial and during treatment. Statistical analysis of the results showed marked relief with both preparations but no significant difference between them in terms of effectiveness or tolerance. Veralipride, however, appeared to provide better control in patients who had complained of severe hot flushes initially.
Short-circuit power dissipation estimation for CMOS logic gates (1994)

Short-circuit power dissipation contributes significantly to the overall power dissipation in ICs. A new formula has been developed for the estimation of short-circuit power dissipation in CMOS logic gates based on the /spl alpha/-power law model that includes velocity saturation effects of short channel MOSFETs. A technique is developed for the measurement of short-circuit current and power dissipation of CMOS logic gates for use in circuit simulation. SPICE simulation results show that the new formula is significantly more accurate than existing formulae.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus infection (1999)

The combined therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid and glycyrrhizin is safe and effective in improving liver-specific enzyme abnormalities, and may be an alternative to interferon in chronic hepatitis C virus infection, especially for interferon-resistant or unstable patients.
Unified Dynamics and Control of a Robot Manipulator Mounted on a VTOL Aircraft Platform (2014)

An innovative type of mobile manipulator, designated Manipulator on VTOL (Vertical Take-Off and Landing) Aircraft (MOVA), is proposed as a potential candidate for autonomous execution of field work in less-structured indoor and outdoor environments. Practical use of the MOVA system requires a unified controller that addresses the coupled and complex dynamics of the composite system; especially the interaction of the robotic manipulator with the aircraft airframe. Model-based controller design methods require explicit dynamics models of the MOVA system. Preliminary investigation of a two-dimensional MOVA system toward a dynamics model and controller design is presented in preparation for developing the controller of the more complex MOVA system in 3D space. Dynamics of the planar MOVA system are derived using the Lagrangian approach and then transforming the result into a form that facilitates controller design using the concept of a virtual manipulator. A MOVA end-effector trajectory tracking controller was designed with the transformed dynamics equation using the integrator back-stepping control design framework. Validity of the controller is shown via stability analysis, simulation results, and results from a physical test-bed. A systematic approach is illustrated for the derivation of the 3D MOVA system dynamics equations. The resulting dynamics equations are represented abstractly in the standard robot dynamics form and proven to have the skew-symmetric property, which is a useful property for control derivation. An open source Mathematica program was developed to achieve automatic symbolic derivation of the MOVA system dynamics. Accessory tools were also designed to create a tool-chain that starts with an Autodesk Inventor CAD drawing, generates input to the Mathematica program, and then formats the output for direct use in MATLAB and Simulink. A unified nonlinear control algorithm that controls the 3D MOVA system, including both the aircraft and the onboard manipulator, as a single entity was developed to achieve trajectory tracking of the MOVA end-effector position and attitude based on the explicit dynamics equation. Globally Uniformly Ultimately Bounded (GUUB) stability is proven for the controller using Lyapunov-type stability analysis. Physical testing was constructed in order to to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller on a MOVA system with a two-link onboard manipulator.
Past and present in drug treatment of sleep disorders. (2014)

Sleep disorders are frequent and disturbing, mostly chronic conditions. Despite the fact practice of sleep medicine is a young field. Sleep disorders were reduced to insomnia and even insomnia was not well studied until 1960ies. This article maps amazing development of sleep disorders treatment from the beginning till current date. The text covers both scientific and clinical perspectives on most frequent sleep related disorders including insomnias, hypersomnias, parasomnias, sleep related movement and breathing disorders, restless legs syndrome and circadian rhythm sleep disorders.
Performance Analysis of BDS Medium-Long Baseline RTK Positioning Using an Empirical Troposphere Model (2018)

For GPS medium-long baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) positioning, the troposphere parameter is introduced along with coordinates, and the model is ill-conditioned due to its strong correlation with the height parameter. For BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), additional difficulties occur due to its special satellite constellation. In fact, relative zenith troposphere delay (RZTD) derived from high-precision empirical zenith troposphere models can be introduced. Thus, the model strength can be improved, which is also called the RZTD-constrained RTK model. In this contribution, we first analyze the factors affecting the precision of BDS medium-long baseline RTK; thereafter, 15 baselines ranging from 38 km to 167 km in different troposphere conditions are processed to assess the performance of RZTD-constrained RTK. Results show that the troposphere parameter is difficult to distinguish from the height component, even with long time filtering for BDS-only RTK. Due to the lack of variation in geometry for the BDS geostationary Earth orbit satellite, the long convergence time of ambiguity parameters may reduce the height precision of GPS/BDS-combined RTK in the initial period. When the RZTD-constrained model was used in BDS and GPS/BDS-combined situations compared with the traditional RTK, the standard deviation of the height component for the fixed solution was reduced by 52.4% and 34.0%, respectively.
Three-axis magnetic attitude control algorithms for small satellites (2011)

Recently there has been a surge of interest in developing new techniques for the attitude control of small satellites using only magnetic actuation. Although the control torque at any instant can only be generated perpendicular to the geomagnetic field vector, such a spacecraft is still controllable if the magnetic field along its orbit is periodic in time. In this paper we present three-axis attitude control algorithms for small satellites using only magnetic torquers and investigate their performance through simulations. These algorithms combine ideas from averaging and linear quadratic regulation. Computer simulations are included to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws.
Modeling and Optimization of Nozzle Design in Planar Flow Melt Spinning (1999)

Abstract Numerical and experimental studies were performed to analyze a planar flow melt spinning process (PFMS) with a focus on the optimal nozzle design. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling using FIDAP was carried out to analyze the flow distribution in various nozzle shapes including rectangular, trapezoidal, and hemispherical edges. A laser-based Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was developed to measure the velocity field at the nozzle exit. The CFD modeling results were validated by the PIV measurements. It was found that a converging nozzle with diverging edges along with a 30°-injection angle provided the best design. The optimized nozzle was used to produce high quality ribbons as characterized by the surface roughness measurements and micrograph techniques.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO or Ethylene: Status of Electrocatalysis and Technoeconomic Insights (2018)

One strategy to reduce anthropogenic CO 2 emissions is the use of CO 2 as a feedstock for the production of useful chemicals such as formic acid, carbon monoxide, ethylene, ethanol, or methanol via the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 . Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the development of electrocatalysts for the efficient and selective conversion of CO 2 to some of the aforementioned products. Scale up and commercialization activities are already ongoing for the conversion of CO 2 to formic acid or CO. These electrolysis processes have the promise to be executed in a cost effective and sustainable manner, especially if otherwise-wasted renewable energy (produced in excess of grid demand) is used. This presentation will summarize our efforts to perform electrolysis of CO 2 to CO at high efficiency and selectivity using Ag, Au, and N-doped carbon based catalysts. Furthermore it will cover our recent advances in developing ever more active and especially selective catalysts for the production of ethylene and ethanol. Many researchers are pursuing Cu-based catalysts for this task. While reasonable conversion rates can be achieved (overall current densities exceeding 100 mA/cm 2 ), the main challenge has been achieving selectivity for the desired products of ethylene and ethanol. We have developed Cu-based catalysts that produce 70-80% ethylene and ethanol, at a combined rate exceeding 170 mA/cm 2 . The presentation will also include an analysis of economic feasibility for the production of ethylene and ethanol from CO 2 , which highlights the importance of low electrical energy cost (as expected) as well as the need for high energy efficiency (low cell potential, low overpotentials) in the electrolysis process itself. This insight has led us to explore alternative reactions to the oxygen evolution reaction on the anode which typically represents >85% of the energy needs to drive a CO 2 electrolysis process. For example performing the electro-oxidation of glycerol, a large byproduct of biomass conversion, can reduce the overall energy needs by 50%.
Preparation and characterization of PEM-coated alginate microgels for controlled release of protein (2012)

In this study, calcium-alginate microgels coated with a polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) were fabricated as a controlled-release system. This system was constructed via an electrostatic droplet generation technique followed by a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique. The electrostatic droplet generation technique was reported as an easy method of preparing microgels, due to their mild preparation conditions and ability to preserve the biological activity of the encapsulated drugs. With the LbL self-assembly technique, the PEM could be fabricated on the microgels attributed to the electrostatic attraction between positive-charged chitosan (Chi) and negative-charged dextran sulfate (Dex). The properties of the prepared microgels were investigated using dynamic laser scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and zeta potential analyzer. In vitro release study indicated that the initial burst release of the bovine serum albumin (BSA) from PEM-coated microgels was less compared to the uncoated microgels (19% versus 31% in 24 h). In addition, the sustained release of BSA from the PEM-coated microgels was recorded up to 1 month without any damage to BSA integrity. Thus, our results demonstrated that the PEM-coated microgels not only prolonged the release time, but also relieved the initial burst problem to some degree and preserved the biological activity of the encapsulated drugs. Moreover, the release rate of BSA could be regulated by controlling the number of deposited layers. In conclusion, this study presented an easy yet effective method for the controlled, sustained release of biological macromolecules.
The oncogenic versions of the Ret and Trk tyrosine kinases bind Shc and Grb2 adaptor proteins. (1994)

Proto-TRK and proto-RET genes encode receptor type tyrosine kinases. Oncogenic rearrangements of both proto-oncogenes have been detected with a significant frequency in human papillary thyroid carcinomas. Chimeric Ret and Trk oncoproteins, encoded by different rearrangements of proto-TRK and proto-RET genes, display a constitutive phosphorylation on tyrosine. Moreover, it has been shown that phosphorylated tyrosine receptors, activated by their ligands, form multiprotein complexes responsible for transducing mitogenic or differentiation signals. We have therefore begun to analyse in this study the signal transduction pathways triggered by different Ret and Trk oncoproteins. We have shown that the SH2 domain of the adaptor protein Shc coimmunoprecipitates with all the Ret and Trk oncoproteins as well as with NGF-activated proto-Trk receptor. Tyrosine phosphorylation of Trk proteins both normal and oncogenic is necessary for their binding to Shc. In addition, in cells containing either Ret or Trk oncoproteins, Shc proteins are constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and bound to Grb2. Only in in vitro experiments were Ret and Trk oncoproteins shown to bind the SH2 region of Grb2. Finally, when proto-Trk product is stimulated by NGF, Shc phosphorylation and association with Grb2 are induced. In conclusion, we have shown that Ret and Trk oncoproteins can form multiprotein complexes, however, the functional meaning of the described interactions has to be elucidated.
Using Symmetric Multiprocessor Architectures for High Performance Computing Environments (2011)

Performance enhancement for high speed computing can be carried out by using many techniques and architectures at software and high hardware level. Performance enhancement using hardware techniques may include the use of multiple computing nodes or a single node consisting of multiple processors. Symmetric multiprocessor is one of the modern architectures used to perform extensive computations. Symmetric multiprocessors have many configuration modes to carry out these heavy computations. The performance of Symmetric multiprocessors is analyzed and compared with high-fidelity models. Processors models are used to design and construct the architectures of symmetric multiprocessors. In this research paper such kind of critical design aspects of symmetric multi processors have been analyzed for further enhancement of the existing technology.