gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doppler-tolerant signal waveforms (1966)

When Doppler distortions of radar signals can be neglected, correlation or matched-filter processing is relatively simple. In those applications where high resolution requirements and high target speeds combine, the distortions in the waveform lead to severe processing problems. One way around these difficulties is the so-called Doppler-invariant waveform, which stays matched to the filter in the presence of an arbitrarily large Doppler effect; however, in many situations this waveform cannot be used. This paper extends the idea of Doppler invariance to only parts of the waveform, the complex modulation function and the real envelope. We then obtain waveforms which simplify the Doppler search rather than eliminate it entirely, and hence are referred to as Doppler-tolerant. The addition of a constant-carrier term to the Doppler-invariant signal leads to the signal of which only the modulation function is Doppler-invariant. It permits independent measurement of range and range rate at the expense of having to search for the Doppler shift of the carrier. For applications of the principle to the envelope of a signal, the type of signal which is of particular interest is the pulse train. It is shown that a Doppler-tolerant pulse train can be designed such that it can be processed by a delay line with fixed taps even if the pulse spacing is significantly changed by the Doppler effect. This approach is useful for both coherent and incoherent pulse trains.
Boxify: full-fledged app sandboxing for stock android (2015)

We present the first concept for full-fledged app sandboxing on stock Android. Our approach is based on application virtualization and process-based privilege separation to securely encapsulate untrusted apps in an isolated environment. In contrast to all related work on stock Android, we eliminate the necessity to modify the code of monitored apps, and thereby overcome existing legal concerns and deployment problems that rewriting-based approaches have been facing. We realize our concept as a regular Android app called Boxify that can be deployed without firmware modifications or root privileges. A systematic evaluation of Boxify demonstrates its capability to enforce established security policies without incurring a significant runtime performance overhead.
Performance of various input-buffered and output-buffered ATM switch design principles under bursty traffic: simulation study (1994)

This paper investigates the packet loss probabilities of several alternative input-buffered and output-buffered switch designs with finite amounts of buffer space. The effects of bursty traffic, modeled by geometrically distributed active and idle periods, are explored. Methods for improving switch performance are classified, and their effectiveness for dealing with bursty traffic discussed. This work indicates that bursty traffic can degrade switch performance significantly and that it is difficult to alleviate the performance degradation by merely restricting the offered traffic load. Unless buffers are shared, or very large buffers provided, strategies that improve throughput under uniform random traffic are not very effective under bursty traffic. For input-buffered switches, our investigation suggests that the specific contention resolution scheme we use is a more important performance factor under bursty traffic than it is under uniform random traffic. In addition, many qualitative results true for uniform random traffic are not true for bursty traffic. The work also reveals several interesting, and perhaps unexpected, results: 1) output queueing may have higher loss probabilities than input queueing under bursty traffic; 2) speeding up the switch operation could result in worse performance than having several output ports per output address under bursty traffic; and 3) if buffers are not shared in a fair manner, sharing buffers could make performance worse than not sharing buffers at high traffic loads. Simulation results and intuitive explanations supporting the above observations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Tools for Structural Testing: Piezoelectric Impact Hammers and Acceleration Rate Sensors (1998)

Small-sizeultra-high-precision mechanical systems demand special testing methodologies, such as a betterhighfrequency response, a precise impact position, an extremely high repeatability, etc. Utilizing the fact that signals obtained from piezoelectric sensing elements are strongly ine uenced by the interfacing circuitry, piezoelectric sensors that can be used to measure acceleration rate were developed. Both analytical and experimental results indicatethataccelerationratesensorscandetectthearrivalofrealisticshock earlierthanconventionalaccelerometerscan.An ultra-high-precisionhigh-speedpiezoelectricimpactsystemwithanon-lineloadcellwasalsomodeled, designed, and built. The sensitivity ofthison-lineload cell wascalibrated by using a standard quartzload cell. This innovative high-speed impact hammer system was found to have a timing accuracy in the range of microseconds and a positioning accuracy in the range of micrometers.
Ceramic fiber blanket wrap for fire protection of cable trays and conduits (1980)

In some areas of nuclear power plants, cables of redundant electrical systems, which are necessary for the safe shutdown of the reactor, are in close proximity. If a fire should occur in one of these areas, both electrical systems could be destroyed before the fire is extinguished and control of the reactor may be lost. A ceramic fiber blanket was evaluated as a fire protective wrap around cable trays and conduits. 2 refs.
Selective gene regulation with designed transcription factors: implications for therapy. (2003)

The prospect of selectively regulating gene expression is highly appealing, both for laboratory investigations and for potential therapeutic applications. This possibility has recently become a reality through the use of designed transcription factors (DTFs). This approach makes use of the DNA-binding domains of native transcription factors as scaffolds, but then introduces new DNA recognition capabilities that allow selective recognition of the regulatory regions of individual genes. The DTF strategy allows either upregulation or downregulation of transcription. This differs from approaches such as antisense or RNA interference that are intended only to inhibit gene expression. Much of the work to date on DTFs has exploited the modular nature of Cys2-His2 zinc finger (Zif) modules that, when coupled with the use of phage display or other combinatorial library techniques, allow the creation of novel and selective DNA recognition domains. These domains can then be linked to transcriptional regulatory moieties, including transactivator or repressor domains, to modulate gene expression. Recent progress has demonstrated that DTFs can selectively regulate the transcription of endogenous genes in mammalian cells and in living animals.
Modeling Gas Permeation by Linking Nonideal Effects (2012)

Conventional models for simulating gas-separation processes often neglect nonideal effects such as concentration polarization, the Joule-Thomson Effect, pressure losses, and real gas behavior. This study presents a comprehensive model which accounts for such nonideal effects and can be applied in commercial process simulations. A model of a hollow-fiber gas permeation module was programmed in Aspen Custom Modeler. In general, pure gas measurements at a single feed pressure were sufficient to predict the mixed gas behavior of the module. The influence of nonideal effects on the module efficiency was investigated in two case studies addressing the separation of CO2/propane and CO2/methane gas mixtures. For the first case, the curves of CO2 concentration versus module length were congruent for both ideal and realistic scenarios. The divergence of the curves in the second case was attributed to the influence of cummulating nonideal effects. The simulations are in agreement with the new data obtained for these gas mixtures measured at a commercial polyimide membrane module. The model predicts the experimental gas permeation data, in particular, when nonideal effects are pronounced. Ultimately, this model can easily be used in process simulation and enables optimization of large-scale gas separation systems.
Cognitive Dysfunction in Huntington's Disease: Humans, Mouse Models and Molecular Mechanisms (2012)

Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder due to an expanded CAG/polyglutamine repeat in the coding region of the huntingtin (htt) gene that causes the preferential degeneration of striatal neurons. Although HD is classically considered a motor disorder, cognitive decline manifests even before the appearance of motor symptoms, and reflects the impairment of additional neuronal populations, such as cortical and hippocampal neurons, in the presence of mutant htt (mhtt). Studies on cognitive dysfunction in HD patients have focused on the cortico-striatal pathway. Here we will describe that HD patients and mouse models share many cognitive defects. Alterations in hippocampal synaptic plasticity and function found in HD mouse models highlight that changes in the functioning of the hippocampal formation contribute to cognitive dysfunction in humans. The similarity between the cognitive dysfunction in HD patients and mouse models has helped to understand better how cognitive dysfunction takes place. Moreover, it validates the use of HD mice to study the molecular mechanisms involved in HD cognitive decline. Several studies in HD mouse models indicate that altered synaptic composition/function, deficient neurotrophic support, kinase/phosphatase imbalance, and transcription dysregulation play an important role in cognitive impairment. This knowledge opens the possibility of identifying relevant therapeutic targets to fight cognitive decline in HD. The finding that in HD many mechanisms are similarly altered in hippocampal and striatal neurons suggests the possibility of a common therapeutic strategy to ameliorate both cognitive and motor dysfunction.
Nonlinear signal processing using empirical global dynamical equations (1992)

A method for determining a set of differential dynamical equations of motion which approximate an underlying generating process is outlined. The method can recover a system of equations with good predictive ability using just a few data points. The method differs markedly from current techniques, which calculate iterative mapping functions or perform phase space smoothing using only geometric information. Results of the application of this method to real-world systems, including extraction of a human voice from broadband mechanical noise at level down to -30-dB signal to noise ratio, using no prior knowledge of the signal or noise characteristics are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surrogate Supervision for Medical Image Analysis: Effective Deep Learning From Limited Quantities of Labeled Data (2019)

We investigate the effectiveness of a simple solution to the common problem of deep learning in medical image analysis with limited quantities of labeled training data. The underlying idea is to assign artificial labels to abundantly available unlabeled medical images and, through a process known as surrogate supervision, pre-train a deep neural network model for the target medical image analysis task lacking sufficient labeled training data. In particular, we employ 3 surrogate supervision schemes, namely rotation, reconstruction, and colorization, in 4 different medical imaging applications representing classification and segmentation for both 2D and 3D medical images. 3 key findings emerge from our research: 1) pre-training with surrogate supervision is effective for small training sets; 2) deep models trained from initial weights pre-trained through surrogate supervision outperform the same models when trained from scratch, suggesting that pre-training with surrogate supervision should be considered prior to training any deep 3D models; 3) pre-training models in the medical domain with surrogate supervision is more effective than transfer learning from an unrelated domain (e.g., natural images), indicating the practical value of abundant unlabeled medical image data.
Stimulus-dependent dopamine release in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (2007)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is related to an attenuated and dysfunctional dopamine system. Normally, a high extracellular dopamine level yields a tonic dopaminergic input that down-regulates stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine responses through autoreceptors. Abnormally low tonic extracellular dopamine in ADHD up-regulates the autoreceptors so that stimuli-evoked phasic dopamine is boosted. The authors propose that these boosted phasic responses yield hypersensitivity to environmental stimuli in ADHD. Stimuli evoking moderate brain arousal lead to well-functioning performance, whereas either too little or too much stimuli attenuate cognitive performance. Strong, salient stimuli may easily disrupt attention, whereas an environment with impoverished stimuli causes low arousal, which is typically compensated for by hyperactivity. Stochastic resonance is the phenomenon that makes a moderate noise facilitate stimulus discrimination and cognitive performance. Computational modeling shows that more noise is required for stochastic resonance to occur in dopamine-deprived neural systems in ADHD. This prediction is supported by empirical data.
An Experimental Study of Near-Field Cassegrainian Antennas* (1964)

The near-field Cassegrainian antenna is a double-reflector system that employs, in its simplest form, confocal paraboloids. Unlike the standard Cassegrain which employs a hyperboloidal subreflector illuminated by a spherical wave, the near-field device is fed by a uniform phase front. Experimental data on noise performance, gain, and radiation patterns have been obtained at a frequency of 6 gc using two 16-foot paraboloids (focal length-to-diameter ratios of 0.375 and 0.25) in both standard and near-field configurations. Using the shallow antenna, zenith noise temperatures of 10°K and 6°K were obtained for the standard and near-field systems, respectively; at an elevation angle of 10° the antenna temperatures were 50°K and 20°K. Using the deep secondary reflector, zenith noise temperatures of 4°K were obtained for both configurations; at 10° above the horizon, however, the standard Cassegrain has an antenna temperature of 30°K and the near-field device 13°K. In all cases, the antenna efficiencies are not far above 50 per cent. Discussion of noise produced by various methods of mounting subreflectors is included. Since noise produced by transmission lines and antenna environment is closely related to these experiments, it is discussed in detail in appendices.
Optimization of the extraction technique of adenosine in Irpex lacteus using the response surface methodology (2011)

Purpose Response surface methodology(RSM)was applied to optimize the extraction conditions of adenosine in Irpex lacteus mycelium.Methods Extracting temperature,extracting time and the solvent/solid ratio were selected as causal factors.The yield of adenosine was used as the responsive values.Based on the single factors experiments,a three-factor-three-level experiments design has been developed by Box-Benhken central composite design method.The response surface method was employed to analyze the results of experiments.Results The optimum extraction conditions of adenosine were as follows:extracting temperature was 39.4 ℃,extracting time was 3.4 h and solvent/solid ratio was 50.4∶1.The predictive maximum yield of adenosine was 1.11 %.The average yield of adenosine in 3 validation experiments was 1.09 %.The relative error was 1.80 %.Conclusion RSM analysis optimizing the extraction conditions for adenosine in Irpex lacteus mycelium is feasible.
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of methyl vinyl ether (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed arylation of methyl vinyl etherAnders Hallberg, Lars Westfelt, and Boris HolmCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 26, 5414–5415Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00339a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00339a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Protease La from Escherichia coli hydrolyzes ATP and proteins in a linked fashion. (1982)

The energy requirement for protein breakdown in Escherichia coli results from an ATP requirement for the function of protease La, the product of the lon gene. This novel serine protease contains an ATPase activity that is essential for proteolysis. ATP and protein hydrolysis show the same Km for ATP (30-40 muM) and are affected similarly by various inhibitors, activators, and ATP analogs. Vanadate inhibited ATP cleavage and caused a proportionate reduction in casein hydrolysis, and inhibitors of serine proteases reduced ATP cleavage. Thus, ATP and protein hydrolysis appear to be linked stoichiometrically. Furthermore, ATP hydrolysis is stimulated two- to threefold by polypeptides that are substrates for the protease (casein, glucagon) but not by nonhydrolyzed polypeptides (insulin, RNase). Unlike hemoglobin or native albumin, globin and denatured albumin stimulated ATP hydrolysis and were substrates for proteolysis. It is suggested that the stimulation of ATP hydrolysis by potential substrates triggers activation of the proteolytic function.
Unique Roles of Gold Nanoparticles in Drug Delivery, Targeting and Imaging Applications (2017)

Nanotechnology has become more and more potentially used in diagnosis or treatment of diseases. Advances in nanotechnology have led to new and improved nanomaterials in biomedical applications. Common nanomaterials applicable in biomedical applications include liposomes, polymeric micelles, graphene, carbon nanotubes, quantum dots, ferroferric oxide nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), and so on. Among them, Au NPs have been considered as the most interesting nanomaterial because of its unique optical, electronic, sensing and biochemical properties. Au NPs have been potentially applied for medical imaging, drug delivery, and tumor therapy in the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases. This review focuses on some recent advances in the use of Au NPs as drug carriers for the intracellular delivery of therapeutics and as molecular nanoprobes for the detection and monitoring of target molecules.
A stochastic environment modelling method for mobile robot by using 2-D laser scanner (2002)

A method of environment modelling is presented which is based on the stochastic approximation technique. The environment is represented in this paper as stochastic obstacle regions equipped with their own stochastic variables such as mean, variance and eigenvalues. The stochastic variables in each obstacle region are updated by using the distance information of the obstacles, which is acquired from the laser scanner sampling time. The representation of the environment with the stochastic variables enables us to save CPU time and memory consumption in building the map. This technique can also detect if the obstacles are removed and is applicable to the quasi-static environment. If the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix in a certain region are known, then the feature of that region can be extracted as a line or as an ellipse. Thus, the algorithm presented can be used for the navigation and the localization of the mobile robot. The algorithm presented is successfully tested on our mobile robot ARES-II system equipped with the LADAR 2D-laser scanner.
[Spectral analysis of ZnO nanocrystals]. (2007)

ZnO nanocrystals with different size were prepared with deposition method at different annealing temperatures. The images of transmission electron microscopy show that the nanocrystals have a good dispersion characteristic, uniform shape, and centralized distribution. The X-ray diffraction spectra of samples show that the size and the crystallization of the nanocrystals increase as the annealing temperature grows. The peak positions of ultraviolet and visible spectra exhibit a blueshift as the crystal size decreases, which demonstrates the quantum confinement effect of ZnO nanocrystals. The infrared spectra present that there are a few residual ions adhering to the surface of ZnO nanocrystals. In addition, it was observed in the infrared spectra that the peaks at about 430 cm(-1) shift to the red and become broader with the decrease in particle size. Two emission bands were clearly observed from the photoluminescence spectra of the samples. One is a relatively narrow emission band in the ultraviolet region (360 nm), while the other is a broad emission band in the visible region (468 nm). Compared with the theoretical calculation it is suggested that the latter originates from the zinc vacancies.
Multisensory musical entertainment systems (2004)

As a result of our research into multisensory perception, we developed two unique musical entertainment systems - Bubble Bumble and Magic Music Desk (MMD) - that provide users with multisensory experiences in creating and playing back music in 3D physical environments through augmented reality interfaces. During the process of creating and playing back music, users encounter visual-speech, visual-tactile, and tactile-auditory experiences. We applied visual, auditory, and tactile sensory modalities to create a system that could express a wide range of human-musical artifacts. During the process of creating and playing back music, users experience a unique sensing experience of 3D-visual-speech, 3D-visual-sound - music and nonspeech sound - and tactile-auditory perceptions. Users also can experience visual-tactile sensation by using their hands to cause a corresponding system action. Beyond the multi-sensory experience, our multimedia systems also emphasize tangible human-computer interactions and communications within a physical environment. In this article, rather than focus on the application's design, we examine the systems' multi-modal perceptions. We describe each system and how it works, and we present the results of a formal user study we conducted.