gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application-Specific, Agile and Private (ASAP) Platforms for Federated Computing Services over WDM Networks (2009)

Under the emerging paradigm of federated computing services (FCS), one can create multiple virtual infrastructures (VI), one for each distributed computing application or service offering. Each VI may consist of a number of geographically distributed computing clusters that are connected with a set of dedicated circuits. In general, a VI submitted by a user to the FCS provider is unmapped at the time of the submission in that the user does not specify which computing clusters to use. The primary challenge to the FCS provider in supporting these novel applications is to establish a VI optimally over the substrate network such as a WDM network connecting many computing clusters. In this paper, we study the optimization problems of jointly allocating computing and wavelength resources for establishing Vis. First, we devise a branch and bound algorithm based on the decomposition and Lagrangian relaxation techniques to obtain the exact optimal solution with the objective being the minimization of the resource leasing cost of a VI. Second, we propose efficient heuristics to deal with a large number of online requests for Vis and compare their performance with the optimal solution.
Operation of Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors Embedded in Lumped-Element Resonant Circuits (2016)

We propose a new operation principle for superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) enabling an efficient frequency-division multiplexing of the bias and readout signals of a large multipixel detector array. The SNSPD is part of a resonant circuit, and the microwave signal inside the device is used to bias the detector close to the critical state. Hence, an n×m pixel SNSPD array requires only two coaxial cables from room temperature to the detector ambient temperature of 4.2 K. We show the microwave characterization and single-photon response of such devices and compare the detector efficiencies with conventional dc-biased SNSPDs. Furthermore, we demonstrate the feasibility of array applications with the new operation mode in a two-pixel proof-of-principle device.
Azacytidine-induced tumorigenesis of CHEF/18 cells: correlated DNA methylation and chromosome changes. (1983)

5-Azacytidine (azaC), a drug that induces decreased methylation of DNA in mammalian cells, was shown previously to induce differentiation of mesenchymal cell types in CHEF/18 cells (Chinese hamster embryo fibroblasts). This paper describes the effectiveness of azaC in inducing tumorigenicity in CHEF/18 cells, previously shown to be nontumorigenic stable diploids. A short exposure of growing cells to 3 microM azaC induced tumor-forming ability in CHEF/18 stem cells. Pre-adipocyte clones and subclones derived from CHEF/18 by prior treatment with azaC were also found to be tumorigenic. Pre-adipocytes previously induced by insulin in the absence of azaC were mostly nontumorigenic, but one clone produced tumors and gave rise to both tumorigenic and nontumorigenic subclones. Karyotype analysis of 41 clones and subclones from azaC-induced and insulin-induced pre-adipocytes revealed a complete correlation between tumor-forming ability and the presence of trisomy for chromosome 3q. In addition, the tumorigenic and tumor-derived lines were demethylated at specific C-C-G-G sites in the preproinsulin, Ha-ras, and Ki-ras genes as revealed by blot hybridization to Msp I- and Hpa II-digested DNAs, whereas the nontumorigenic lines resembled the CHEF/18 controls. This three-way correlation between tumorigenicity, trisomy for 3q, and specific demethylation suggests that decreased DNA methylation may be involved both in differentiation and in tumorigenicity, and that azaC may induce chromosomal aberrations as well as altering DNA methylation.
Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia by Bacteriologic Analysis of Bronchoscopic and Nonbronchoscopic “Blind” Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (1991)

Substantial efforts have been devoted to improving the means for early and accurate diagnosis of ventilator-associated (VA) pneumonia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients because of its high incidence and mortality. A good diagnostic yield has been reported from quantitative cultures of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid or a protected specimen brush, both obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy. As bronchoscopy requires specific skills and is costly, we evaluated a simpler method to obtain BAL fluid, that is, by a catheter introduced blindly into the bronchial tree. Quantitative cultures from bronchoscopically sampled BAL (B-BAL) and blindly nonbronchoscopically collected BAL (NB-BAL) were assessed for sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value for the diagnosis of VA pneumonia. A total of 40 pairs of samples were examined in 28 patients requiring prolonged mechanical ventilation and presenting a high risk of developing pneumonia. For comparison with bacteriologic data we defined a clinical score for pneumonia ranging from zero to 12 using the following variables: body temperature, leukocyte count, volume and character of tracheal secretions, arterial oxygenation, chest X-ray, Gram stain, and culture of tracheal aspirate. To quantify the bacteria in BAL the bacterial index (BI) was used, defined as the sum of the logarithm of the number of bacteria cultured per milliliter of BAL fluid. A good correlation between clinical score and quantitative bacteriology was observed (r = 0.84 for B-BAL and 0.76 for NB-BAL; p less than 0.0001). Similar to studies in baboons, patients with pulmonary infection could be distinguished by a BI greater than or equal to 5 with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 100% (B-BAL).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Resistance to tamoxifen with persisting sensitivity to estrogen: possible mediation by excessive antiestrogen binding site activity. (1992)

The growth of a large proportion of estrogen receptor-positive breast tumors is stimulated by estrogen and can often be controlled through antiestrogen therapy. Resistance to antiestrogen (AE) therapy can occur while tumors retain the expression of estrogen receptors (ERc) and remain functionally responsive to estrogens. The ability of specific antiestrogen binding sites (AEBS) to prevent AE from interacting with ERc has been examined as a possible mechanism through which this appropriation of AE could interfere with antiestrogen action. Comparisons were performed between uterine preparations where ERc activity exceeded AEBS binding and liver preparations where AEBS binding predominated. Identical estimates of ERc activity were obtained in uterine preparations using either [3H]estradiol or [3H]-4OH-tamoxifen and radioinert diethylstilbestrol (alpha,alpha'-diethyl-4,4'-stilbenediol) to estimate nonspecific binding. AEBS binding was observed only when [3H]-4OH-tamoxifen was used, while binding to Type II sites was resolved only with [3H]estradiol. When excess AEBS activity predominated, analyses with radiolabeled estrogen and antiestrogen present simultaneously showed that virtually all of the antagonist was bound to AEBS with little of the antagonist available to associate with ERc. In an effort to relate these observations to AE resistance per se, ERc and AEBS were measured in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells (ERc-positive, responsive to estrogens and antiestrogens) and in variant AE-insensitive LY-2 human breast cancer cells (ERc-positive, responsive only to estrogens). In AE-resistant LY-2 cells, the ratio of AEBS:ERc was approximately three times greater than in MCF-7 cells. Examination of 128 human breast carcinomas revealed that AEBS activity was present and could exceed ERc activity. Importantly, the partition of significant AE away from ERc was observed in human specimens. These observations identify a biochemical mechanism for antiestrogen resistance through which AE access to ERc can be totally incapacitated while sensitivity to estrogens continues. These observations indicate that AEBS activity, in addition to ERc activity, may provide helpful information for predicting the response of certain cancers to hormonal therapy.
Detection of Gaseous Plumes using Basis Vectors (2009)

Detecting and identifying weak gaseous plumes using thermal imaging data is complicated by many factors. There are several methods currently being used to detect plumes. They can be grouped into two categories: those that use a chemical spectral library and those that don't. The approaches that use chemical libraries include physics-based least squares methods (matched filter). They are "optimal" only if the plume chemical is actually in the search library but risk missing chemicals not in the library. The methods that don't use a chemical spectral library are based on a statistical or data analytical transformation applied to the data. These include principle components, independent components, entropy, Fourier transform, and others. These methods do not explicitly take advantage of the physics of the signal formulation process and therefore don't exploit all available information in the data. This paper describes generalized least squares detection using gas spectra, presents a new detection method using basis vectors, and compares detection images resulting from applying both methods to synthetic hyperspectral data.
Model, Design, and Evaluation of a Compiler for a Parallel Processing Environment (1977)

The problem of designing compilers for a multiprocessing environment is approached. We show that by modeling an existing sequential compiler, we gain an understanding of the modifications necessary to transform the sequential structure into a pipeline of processes. The pipelined compiler is then evaluated through measurements and simulation. Properties of the model, a generalized Petri Net, are also discussed.
Skin Collagen Fiber Molecular Order: A Pattern of Distributional Fiber Orientation as Assessed by Optical Anisotropy and Image Analysis (2013)

Polarization microscopy studies provide detailed high-quality structural information on rat skin CBs. A 3D-network structure based on image analysis and birefringence compensation for collagen fibers is suggested for CBs. Form and intrinsic birefringence evaluation can reveal differences in the rat skin associated with age at the levels of collagen fiber crystallinity and macromolecular organization. These findings may inspire future studies of the feedback mechanisms by which spatial, bioelectrical and biomechanical information is transmitted from CBs to skin cells.
Unique chromosomal regions associated with virulence of an avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain. (1996)

The avian pathogenic Escherichia coli strain (chi)7122 (serotype O78:K80:H9) causes airsacculitis and colisepticemia in chickens. To identify genes associated with avian disease, a genomic subtraction technique was performed between strain (chi)7122 and the E. coli K-12 strain (chi)289. The DNA isolated using this method was found only in strain (chi)7122 and was used to identify cosmid clones carrying unique DNA from a library of (chi)7122 that were then used to map the position of unique DNA on the E. coli chromosome. A total of 12 unique regions were found, 5 of which correspond to previously identified positions for unique DNA sequence in E. coli strains. To assess the role each unique region plays in virulence, mutants of (chi)7122 were constructed in which a segment of unique DNA was replaced with E. coli K-12 DNA by cotransduction of linked transposon insertions in DNA flanking the unique sequence. The resulting replacement mutants were assessed for inability to colonize the air sac and cause septicemia in 2-week-old white Leghorn chickens. Two mutants were found to be avirulent when injected into the right caudal air sac of 2-week-old chickens. One avirulent mutant, designated (chi)7145, carries a replacement of the rfb locus at 44 min, generating a rough phenotype. The second mutant is designated (chi)7146, and carries a replacement at position 0.0 min on the genetic map. Both mutants could be complemented to partial virulence by cosmids carrying sequences unique to (chi)7122.
Chlorophyll fluorescence evaluation of agrochemical interactions with propanil on propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (<i>Echinochloa crus-galli</i>) (1999)

Resistance to propanil by a barnyardgrass (BYG) biotype has been reported, and its occurrence is becoming widespread in U.S. rice-producing regions. Interactions between propanil and the herbicides anilofos, molinate, pendimethalin, piperophos, quinclorac, and thiobencarb and the insecticide carbaryl were evaluated in laboratory studies for improved control of propanil-resistant barnyardgrass (R-BYG). Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of BYG leaf segments were used to ascertain electron transport inhibition and to assess the synergy/antagonism of propanil (100 μM) with the various additives (50 μM). Synergistic effects on photosynthetic inhibition were found with anilofos, carbaryl, pendimethalin, and piperophos in combination with propanil. Such synergistic actions of chemicals with propanil may lead to chemical combinations useful for R-BYG control.
Waste Glass as Coarse Aggregate for Concrete (1974)

Abstract The paper reports on the performance of 34 different concrete mixes containing glass crushed to ¾-in. (19-mm) maximum size as coarse aggregate and six reference mixes made with gravel of the same size. Two cements of alkali equivalent 0.58 and 1.13, classifiable as low and high alkali (ASTM C 150-72), in amounts ranging from 400–900 lb/yd3 (237–534 kg/m3 were used in combination with glass both with the fines removed and in the as-crushed condition. Partial cement replacement with fly ash and mixing of glass with gravel aggregate were included in an attempt to find a suitable method of overcoming the expected adverse effects of the reaction between glass and cement alkalis. On the basis of compressive strength, flexural strength, expansion, and visible surface deterioration recorded up to an age of one year, the results show that in many cases the direct combination of glass with portland cement yields concrete which exhibits marked strength regression and excessive expansion due to alkali-aggregate reaction. The conditions under which performance is satisfactory appear to relate to limiting maximum values of cement content and alkali equivalent. Replacement of 25 to 30 percent by weight of the cement, whether low or high alkali, appears to be an effective and widely applicable method of ensuring good long-term concrete performance, although the minimum required in any given case may be related to cement composition.
Detail Preserving Reproduction of Color Images for Monochromats and Dichromats (2005)

In spite of the ever-increasing prevalence of low-cost, color printing devices, gray-scale printers remain in widespread use. Authors producing documents with color images for any venue must account for the possibility that the color images might be reduced to gray scale before they are viewed. Because conversion to gray scale reduces the number of color dimensions, some loss of visual information is generally unavoidable. Ideally, we can restrict this loss to features that vary minimally within the color image. Nevertheless, with standard procedures in widespread use, this objective is not often achieved, and important image detail is often lost. Consequently, algorithms that convert color images to gray scale in a way that preserves information remain important. Human observers with color-deficient vision may experience the same problem, in that they may perceive distinct colors to be indistinguishable and thus lose image detail. The same strategy that is used in converting color images to gray scale provides a method for recoloring the images to deliver increased information content to such observers.
DNA fingerprinting: improved DNA extraction from small blood samples (1988)

Journal Article DNA fingerprinting: improved DNA extraction from small blood samples Get access Esther Signer, Esther Signer Institute for Animal Breeding Techniques, Department for Laboratory Animals, University of Zürich-IrchelWinterthurerstr, 190 CH-8057 Zü, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Clive C. Kuenzle, Clive C. Kuenzle 1Institute of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Zürich-IrchelWinterthurerstr, 190 CH-8057 Zü, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter E. Thomann, Peter E. Thomann Institute for Animal Breeding Techniques, Department for Laboratory Animals, University of Zürich-IrchelWinterthurerstr, 190 CH-8057 Zü, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ulrich Hübscher Ulrich Hübscher 1Institute of Pharmacology and Biochemistry, University of Zürich-IrchelWinterthurerstr, 190 CH-8057 Zü, Switzerland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 15, 11 August 1988, Page 7738, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.15.7738 Published: 11 August 1988 Article history Accepted: 21 June 1988 Published: 11 August 1988
Synthesis of trifluoromethylated pyrido[2,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones from 6‐aminouracils and trifluoromethylated pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>b</i>]‐pyridines from 5‐aminopyrazoles (2004)

Abstract 5 or 7‐Trifluoromethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydropyrido[2,3‐ d ]pyrimidine‐2,4‐diones 3 , 5 , 10 , 13 and 4‐ or 6‐trifluoromethylpyrazolo[3,4‐ b ]pyridines 15 , 16 , 19 , 21 were prepared from 6‐aminouracils and 5‐aminopyrazoles, respectively, in good yields by the use of building blocks such as 4,4,4‐trifluoro‐1‐phenyl‐1,3‐butanedione, 1,1,1‐trifluoro‐4‐phenyl‐3‐buten‐2‐one, 4‐ethoxy‐1,1,1‐trifluoro‐3‐buten‐2‐one, and ethyl trifluoroacetoacetate.
Prevalence of antibody against the core protein of hepatitis C virus in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (1991)

We have cloned the whole structural region of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome and transiently expressed the nucleocapsid protein in animal cells. Since the nucleotide sequences of this region of the HCV genome has been shown to be highly conserved among different HCV isolates, the assay detecting the antibody to this expressed protein is useful for studying the pathogenicity of HCV. In this work, we investigated the presence of antibodies to HCV nucleocapsid protein (p22) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and compared its frequency with that of antibody to HCV non-structural protein (C-100), which is presently applied for blood screening for transfusion and diagnosis for chronic hepatitis C. By a sensitive Western blot analysis, 85 of 102 (83.3%) sera of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative HCC patients were positive for the antibody to p22 (anti-p22), whereas 68 of the same 102 cases (66.7%) were positive for the anti-C100 by ELISA. The prevalence of anti-p22 in 23 HBV carrier HCC patients, 56 patients with non-HCC cancer and 100 healthy blood donors were 4.3, 12.5 and 1.0%, respectively. Thus, high prevalence of anti-p22 in non-B HCC confirmed that HCV infection is closely related to the development of HCC. Furthermore, the anti-p22 assay can detect HCV-infected patients who could not previously be identified as such by the present anti-C100 assay.
ChemInform Abstract: OXYGEN‐CHLORINE CARBENOID EXCHANGE BETWEEN ALDEHYDES AND COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A TRICHLOROMETHYL GROUP (1979)

Abstract Aromatische Aldehyde (I) reagieren mit Derivaten des Trichlormethans (II) unter Austausch von Sauerstoff gegen Chlor zu Dichlormethylderivaten (III) und Säurechloriden (IV).
Translational medicine in China: improving public health (2012)

China's national 12 th Five-Year Plan (2011)(2012)(2013)(2014)(2015) stated that, by 2015, China should increase the average life expectancy by one year (estimated to reach 74.5 years old) relative to that of 2010. Additionally, China's new around of health reform was initiated in 2009. Translational medicine, which is moving basic discoveries in the laboratories into human studies to promote new preventions, diagnostics, treatments and cures, is the engine to the health care reform and the proposed life expectancy increase. The potential of translational medicine in China has never been greater.
A Philosophy of Management (1958)

Presents a condensed statement of the basis of management philosophy. Obligation of private enterprises emphasized by the philosophy; Information on the philosophy of conservatism; How the philosop...
Lens based on the use of left-handed materials (2003)

A new lens that is a modification of the Veselago lens is proposed. It consists of a slab of the left-handed material embedded into a regular material. The materials for the new lens should have the same refractive index, unlike that of the Veselago lens in which the materials should in addition have the same impedance. Therefore the new lens should be easier to manufacture. As the Veselago lens, the new lens might be useful for the three dimensional imaging. In contrast to the Veselago lens the new lens has multiple foci, and it may image an object that is located at any large distance from the slab.
Finite-state approximation of phrase structure grammars (1991)

Phrase-structure grammars are an effective representation for important syntactic and semantic aspects of natural languages, but are computationally too demanding for use as language models in real-time speech recognition. An algorithm is described that computes finite-state approximations for context-free grammars and equivalent augmented phrase-structure grammar formalisms. The approximation is exact for certain context-free grammars generating regular languages, including all left-linear and right-linear context-free grammars. The algorithm has been used to construct finite-state language models for limited-domain speech recognition tasks.
Teaching theory of computation using pen-based computers and an electronic whiteboard (2001)

This paper describes a Theory of Computation course that was taught in an electronic classroom equipped with a network of pen-based computers, a touch-sensitive electronic whiteboard, and locally written groupware that was designed to enhance the ability of teachers and students to share written information during class. We first describe the technology that was used to support the course, and then provide an overview of the instructor's use of this technology to engage students during class. Finally, we present the students' reaction to the approach.
New method of deep brain stimulation therapy with two electrodes implanted in parallel and side by side (2001)

Reversibility and adaptability are preferred features of long-term therapeutic deep brain stimulation (DBS). In such therapy, a permanent stimulating electrode with four contact points is placed at the stimulation site and, generally speaking, bipolar stimulation is induced by various pairs of adjacent contact points on one electrode. The stimulation sites are thus all located along the trajectory of the implanted electrode. In a patient with unilateral severe essential tremor, the authors implanted two electrodes side by side and parallel to each other in the unilateral thalamic ventralis intermedius nucleus. Using these electrodes, the authors were able to deliver current flow not only along the electrode trajectory, but also between the two electrodes in a direction parallel to the anterior commissure-posterior commissure line. Although individual stimulations, delivered by each of the two electrodes using all parameters and all stimulation points, were unable to stop the patient's tremor completely without adverse effects, the new stimulation method, in which electrical currents passed between the two electrodes, effected complete abolition of the tremor without adverse effects. With the aid of this method, one can use two electrodes, implanted in parallel and side by side, to achieve maximum efficacy and to reduce adverse effects in some instances of DBS therapy.