gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gray and Green Revisited: A Multidisciplinary Perspective of Gardens, Gardening, and the Aging Process (2014)

Over fourteen years ago, the concept of "gray and green" was first introduced by Wright and Lund (2000) to represent a new awareness and a call for increased scholarship at the intersection of environmental issues and the aging process. This review paper revisits that concept with a fresh perspective on the specific role of gardens and gardening in the aging experience. As example, gardening is one of the most popular home-based leisure activities in the US and represents an important activity in the lives of older adults in a variety of residential settings. Yet, there has been a lack of any comprehensive and multidisciplinary (science and humanities) examination of the nexus between gardening and the aging experience, and in particular with research connections to stewardship and caring. In this paper, we review contemporary articles demonstrating the multidisciplinarity of gardening and the aging process. First, we will focus on the beneficial psychological effects resulting from the cultivation of caring, including personal contentment and artistic expression. Second, we will focus on stewardship and how gardening increases health, community awareness, and a connection to future generations. On the surface, this may demonstrate a separation between the humanities and science, but we will clarify a symbiotic relationship between the two disciplines in our conclusion.
Performance characterization of a high-power dual active bridge DC-to-DC converter (1992)

The performance of a high-power, high-power-density DC-to-DC converter based on the single-phase dual active bridge (DAB) topology is described. The dual active bridge converter has been shown to have very attractive features in terms of low device and component stresses, small filter components, low switching losses, high power density and high efficiency, bidirectional power flow, buck-boost operation, and low sensitivity to system parasitics. For high output voltages, on the order of kilovolts, a cascaded output structure is considered. The effects of snubber capacitance and magnetizing inductance on the soft switching region of control are discussed. Various control schemes are outlined. Coaxial transformer design techniques have been utilized to carefully control leakage inductance. The layout and experimental performance of a prototype 50 kW 50 kHz unit operating with an input voltage of 200 V DC and an output voltage of 1600 V DC are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mussel‐Inspired Polydopamine Coating as a Universal Route to Hydroxyapatite Crystallization (2010)

Abstract Bone tissue is a complex biocomposite material with a variety of organic (e.g., proteins, cells) and inorganic (e.g., hydroxyapatite crystals) components hierarchically organized with nano/microscale precision. Based on the understanding of such hierarchical organization of bone tissue and its unique mechanical properties, efforts are being made to mimic these organic–inorganic hybrid biocomposites. A key factor for the successful designing of complex, hybrid biomaterials is the facilitation and control of adhesion at the interfaces, as many current synthetic biomaterials are inert, lacking interfacial bioactivity. In this regard, researchers have focused on controlling the interface by surface modifications, but the development of a simple, unified way to biofunctionalize diverse organic and inorganic materials remains a critical challenge. Here, a universal biomineralization route, called polydopamine‐assisted hydroxyapatite formation (pHAF), that can be applied to virtually any type and morphology of scaffold materials is demonstrated. Inspired by the adhesion mechanism of mussels, the pHAF method can readily integrate hydroxyapatites on ceramics, noble metals, semiconductors, and synthetic polymers, irrespective of their size and morphology (e.g., porosity and shape). Surface‐anchored catecholamine moieties in polydopamine enriches the interface with calcium ions, facilitating the formation of hydroxyapatite crystals that are aligned to the c ‐axes, parallel to the polydopamine layer as observed in natural hydroxyapatites in mineralized tissues. This universal surface biomineralization can be an innovative foundation for future tissue engineering.
Switching Kalman Filter-Based Approach for Tracking and Event Detection at Traffic Intersections (2005)

Automatic event detection from video sequences has applications in several areas such as automatic visual surveillance, traffic monitoring for intelligent transportation systems, key frame detection for video compression, and virtual reality applications. In this work, we present a computer vision-based approach for event detection and data collection at traffic intersections. Specifically, we make the following two contributions: (i) a robust tracking algorithm for targets through combination of multiple cues and multiple motion models, and (ii) a simple event detection system using the results of a switching Kalman filter in combination with some simple rules. We show the results of tracking and event detection, such as, turning, stopped or stalling vehicles, as well as motion statistics (average speeds and accelerations), collected for some outdoor traffic scenes
DreamPAK – Small form factor package (2009)

Recently there have been several developments in the areas of small form factor and high-density lead frame based IC packages. These packages have the benefits of occupying smaller PC board area, lower assembly material consumption due to their smaller volume package construction, and good thermal dissipation properties. Another area of recent development in packaging integration is system in package SIP. A SIP package can integrate various ICs in a package. For example; CPU, logic, analog, digital, discrete and passive components can be integrated in a single package. SIP provides a high level of integration capability of several functional chips. It provides good miniaturization capability for hand held portable electronic communication devices. High-density capability and flexibility in design using a substrate like chip carrier will be covered. Design flexibility covering several main stream packages equivalents will be presented. However there can be several challenges faced by the end user in assembly of these similar packages. This paper will cover the benefits of a newly developed package and how the challenges faced in the assembly downstream processes are addressed. Main assembly material consumption reduction includes wire and mold compound. Details of benefits of the relevant assembly processes would be covered including actual comparison.
An optimized isotopic labelling strategy of isoleucine-γ<sub>2</sub>methyl groups for solution NMR studies of high molecular weight proteins (2011)

An efficient synthetic route is proposed to produce 2-hydroxy-2-ethyl-3-oxobutanoate for the specific labelling of Ile methyl-γ(2) groups in proteins. The (2)H, (13)C-pattern of the biosynthetic precursor has been designed to optimize magnetization transfer, in large proteins, between these important structural probes and their corresponding backbone nuclei.
An anatomical study of the relationship between the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins of the third and fourth intercostal spaces during thoracoscopy (2010)

The complexity of the anatomy of the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins in the third and fourth intercostal space may lead to intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anatomical variations of the sympathetic trunk and intercostal veins in the third and fourth intercostal spaces. The size and crossing type of veins in the third and fourth intercostal spaces in 44 Korean patients with palmar hyperhidrosis were analyzed. We classified intercostal veins by their size (small, medium, and large) and crossing type (anterior or posterior to sympathetic nerve). Large intercostal veins susceptible to bleeding were found in 36.4 and 68.2% of patients in the right third and fourth intercostal spaces, respectively and in 2.3 and 4.5% of left third and fourth intercostal spaces, respectively. More than 80% of the left third and fourth intercostal veins were small. Anterior crossing intercostal veins, which often cause problems at the third and fourth right intercostal spaces, were found in 27.3% (third) and 15.9% (fourth). However, there were only two cases of anterior crossing veins on the left side. Large anterior crossing veins were found only on the right side. In conclusion, surgical procedures of the right sympathetic ganglia may have increased risks due to a higher frequency of large anterior crossing intercostal veins. Careful dissection is necessary to decrease the incidence of intraoperative or postoperative bleeding.
Scintillator-photodiode type detectors for multi-energy scanning introscopy (2002)

Results of experimental studies of detector arrays S-PD (scintillator-photodiode) and PRD (scintillator-photoreceiving device) used for X-ray digital radiography have shown that there exist further possibilities to increase spatial resolution of this system up to 2-3 line pairs per mm. Theoretical analysis and experimental studies show that the two-energy detection method not only allows one to detect organics on the background of metal, but also substantially increases (by 3-5 times) the detection ability of the system as a whole, especially if parameters of the S-PD pair are optimized, in particular, when ZnSe(Te) is used in the low-energy circuit. A possibility to distinguish, in principle, between substances with insignificant differences in atomic number has been theoretically proven -- by transition to multi-energy radiography. 3D-imaging has been realized using S-PD detector arrays.
General Admissibility for Linear Estimators of Multivariate Regression Coefficients with Respect to a Restricted Parameter Set (2005)

For the multivariate linear model with respect to a restricted parameter set (the equation is abbreviated) it is given the definition for general admissible estimator of SΘ. The necessary and sufficient conditions for AY (AY+C) to be general admissible estimator of SΘ in the class of homogenous (non-homogenous) linear estimators are gained, whether SΘ is estimable or non-estimable.
[The organizational characteristics of the APUD system in mammalian lungs at different stages of ontogeny]. (1991)

The organization peculiarities of APUD-system in the lungs of rabbits, rats and guinea pigs has been studied. The endocrine system in the lungs of rabbits in pre- and postnatal ontogenesis is presented by the adipocytes and neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) containing a considerable number of monoamines. The number of argyrophil adipocytes and NEBs in the lungs of 21 and more day-old adult rats seem to be less than in fetuses and newborns. Monoamines are not revealed in the endocrine rat lung structures by means of the glyoxylic acid. In the lungs of guinea pigs the single argyrophil adipocytes and NEBs are determined in the gestation period.
Anticipation-based temporal pattern generation (1995)

A neural network model of complex temporal pattern generation is proposed and investigated analytically and by computer simulation. Temporal pattern generation is based on recognition of the contexts of individual components. Based on its acquired experience, the model actively yields system anticipation, which then compares with the actual input flow. A mismatch triggers self-organization of context learning, which ultimately leads to resolving various ambiguities in producing complex temporal patterns. The architecture of the model incorporates a short term memory for building associations between remote components and recurrent connections for self-organization and component generation in a temporal pattern. Synaptic modification is based on a one-shot normalized Hebbian rule, which is shown to exhibit temporal masking. The major conclusion, namely the network model which can learn to generate any complex temporal pattern, is established analytically. An estimate on the efficiency of the training algorithm is provided. Multiple temporal patterns can be incrementally acquired by the system, exhibiting a form of retroactive interference. Neural and cognitive plausibility of the model is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Key concepts from economic theory (2011)

There are numerous excellent textbooks of economics and many valuable industrial and agricultural case studies that use economic principles to explore investment and management options using the economist's powerful kitbag of concepts and methods. There have been pioneering studies of this type applied to the water sector in industrialised countries. Irrigation policy studies that address the special problems of low income economies are less numerous.
Analysis and experiment on harmonic radiation and frequency tuning of varactor-loaded microstrip antennas (2007)

Analysis and experiments on microstrip antennas with varactor tuning are presented. Results are given for the frequency tuning of rectangular half and quarter wavelength microstrip antennas. Double tuning range was observed for quarter wavelength antennas. Emphasis is also given to the study of harmonic radiation generated because of the varactor nonlinearities. A description of the varactor model as a nonlinear capacitor in the finite difference time domain method and its validation is reported. Harmonic radiation levels and patterns were measured and investigated by full wave analysis.
Excitation and damping of compressional hydromagnetic waves on a magnetized, high-pressure plasma column (1986)

Azimuthally symmetric (m=0) radio-frequency (rf) waves for zero and for finite axial wavenumber k are investigated in a low-compression linear theta pinch. The (k=0) modes occur spontaneously following the implosion phase of the discharge. For the k≠0 modes, a novel 100 MW, 1 MHz current drive is used to excite the plasma column in the vicinity of the lowest fast magnetoacoustic mode at various filling pressures. Phases, amplitudes, and radial mode structure are studied for both the k=0 modes and the externally driven (k≠0) modes. In the first case, the damping is determined from the e-folding time of the decaying oscillations. In the latter case, the phases and amplitudes indicate a broad resonance structure, from which we extract the damping constant. The energy deposition of the externally driven rf wave leads to a radial expansion of the plasma column, as observed by axial interferometry and by excluded flux measurements. These experimental results are compared with the predictions of two MHD-like ion-kinetic models. The characteristic and resonant frequencies, as well as the oscillatory radial mode structure, can be understood within the ideal MHD description. It is found that the viscous kinetic model overestimates the observed k=0 damping by at least an order of magnitude, while both this and the ion Landau-damping model (with and without ion-cyclotron effects) underestimate the (k≠0) damping by at least an order of magnitude. The experimentally observed damping and wave-energy deposition are consistent with the magnitude of the rf oscillations. The efficiency of the rf energy deposition is at least 27%.
Dopamine Controls Persistence of Long-Term Memory Storage (2009)

The paradigmatic feature of long-term memory (LTM) is its persistence. However, little is known about the mechanisms that make some LTMs last longer than others. In rats, a long-lasting fear LTM vanished rapidly when the D1 dopamine receptor antagonist SCH23390 was injected into the dorsal hippocampus 12 hours, but not immediately or 9 hours, after the fearful experience. Conversely, intrahippocampal application of the D1 agonist SK38393 at the same critical post-training time converted a rapidly decaying fear LTM into a persistent one. This effect was mediated by brain-derived neurotrophic factor and regulated by the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Thus, the persistence of LTM depends on activation of VTA/hippocampus dopaminergic connections and can be specifically modulated by manipulating this system at definite post-learning time points.
Biocompatible ionic liquids: fundamental behaviours and applications (2019)

Biocompatible ionic liquids (Bio-ILs) are an eco- and bio-friendly family of ionic liquids (ILs) useful in applications ranging from the electrochemical to the biomedical fields. The most promising strategies for their synthesis involve using molecules from bio-renewable sources as a basis for both the anionic and cationic counterparts of the Bio-ILs structure. Several studies have been conducted on Bio-IL properties, including their impact on the environment and health safety. Herein, we review progress and strategies towards the synthesis of Bio-ILs and address their ecotoxicological and biological impact. Furthermore, we discuss the impact of using these compounds in a diverse range of applications, with some insights toward their use in the development of improved technologies.
Evidence for superantigenic activity during murine malaria infection (1997)

TCR V beta usage was examined in C57BL/6 mice infected with Plasmodium yoelii. In addition to a polyclonal T cell activation, already described, a superantigenic-like activity was observed during the acute infection. This superantigenic activity induces a preferential deletion without prior expansion of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells bearing the TCR V beta 9 segment. The superantigen could be released by the parasite at different stages of its development since the deletion of V beta 9+ T cells was observed in blood and lymph nodes of mice infected either with sporozoites or with erythrocytic stages. Injection of sporozoite or parasitized erythrocytes to newborn mice led to a deletion and anergy of peripheral V beta 9+ T cells, without affecting thymic T cell populations. These observations suggest that the superantigen is released at very low concentrations during parasite development. The role of such parasite superantigenic activity in infectivity can be underlined by the observation that congenic BALB.D2 Mis1a mice lacking V beta 9 T cells are more susceptible to infection by P. yoelii.
Peptide conformation. 18. Analysis of the conformational equilibrium of cyclo[Pro-NBGly2] by means of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPeptide conformation. 18. Analysis of the conformational equilibrium of cyclo[Pro-NBGly2] by means of two-dimensional NMR spectroscopyH. Kessler, R. Schuck, and R. SiegmeierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 16, 4486–4487Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00380a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00380a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN AMMONIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM CARBAMATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT 25°. (1912)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN AMMONIUM CARBONATE AND AMMONIUM CARBAMATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION AT 25°.George H. Burrows and Gilbert N. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1912, 34, 8, 993–995Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1912Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1912https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02209a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02209a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views598Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The <i>N</i>‐Acylethanolamine‐Mediated Regulatory Pathway in Plants (2007)

While cannabinoids are secondary metabolites synthesized by just a few plant species, N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are distributed widely in the plant kingdom, and are recovered in measurable, bioactive quantities in many plant-derived products. NAEs in higher plants are ethanolamides of fatty acids with acyl-chain lenghts of C12-C(18) and zero to three C=C bonds. Generally, the most-abundant NAEs found in plants and vertebrates are similar, including NAE 16 : 0, 18 : 1, 18 : 2, and 18 : 3. Like in animal systems, NAEs are formed in plants from N-acylphosphatidylethanolamines (NAPEs), and they are hydrolyzed by an amidase to yield ethanolamine and free fatty acids (FFA). Recently, a homologue of the mammalian fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH-1) was identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and several other plant species. Overexpression of Arabidopsis FAAH (AtFAAH) resulted in plants that grew faster, but were more sensitive to biotic and abiotic insults, suggesting that the metabolism of NAEs in plants resides at the balance between growth and responses to environmental stresses. Similar to animal systems, exogenously applied NAEs have potent and varied effects on plant cells. Recent pharmacological approaches combined with molecular-genetic experiments revealed that NAEs may act in certain plant tissues via specific membrane-associated proteins or by interacting with phospholipase D-alpha, although other, direct targets for NAE action in plants are likely to be discovered. Polyunsaturated NAEs can be oxidized via the lipoxygenase pathway in plants, producing an array of oxylipin products that have received little attention so far. Overall, the conservation of NAE occurrence and metabolic machinery in plants, coupled with the profound physiological effects of elevating NAE content or perturbing endogenous NAE metabolism, suggest that an NAE-mediated regulatory pathway, sharing similarities with the mammalian endocannabinoid pathway, indeed exists.