gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frankiamide, a Highly Unusual Macrocycle Containing the Imide and Orthoamide Functionalities from the Symbiotic Actinomycete <i>Frankia</i> (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFrankiamide, a Highly Unusual Macrocycle Containing the Imide and Orthoamide Functionalities from the Symbiotic Actinomycete FrankiaKarel D. Klika, J. Pasi Haansuu, Vladimir V. Ovcharenko, Kielo K. Haahtela, Pia M. Vuorela, and Kalevi PihlajaView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FIN-20014 Turku, Finland, Department of Biosciences, Division of General Microbiology, University of Helsinki, and Department of Pharmacy, Viikki Drug Discovery Technology Center, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 11, 4065–4068Publication Date (Web):May 4, 2001Publication History Received26 December 2000Published online4 May 2001Published inissue 1 June 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo001789zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo001789zbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views261Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Carbon,Carbonyls,Ionization,Ions Get e-Alerts
Dlk-1, a cell surface antigen on foetal hepatic stem/progenitor cells, is expressed in hepatocellular, colon, pancreas and breast carcinomas at a high frequency (2010)

Delta-like 1 protein (Dlk-1), also known as preadipocyte factor 1 (Pref-1), is a transmembrane and secreted protein with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeats. Dlk-1 is known to be expressed in foetal liver, but absent in neonatal and adult liver in mice and rats. Dlk-1 is also expressed in a subpopulation of hepatic oval cells, which are considered as stem/progenitor cells in rat adult liver. In this study, we generated monoclonal antibodies against human Dlk-1 (hDlk-1) and investigated hDlk-1 expression in human liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Like rodent livers, hDlk-1 was detected in foetal liver, but not in adult liver. In HCC, hDlk-1 was positive for 20.5% of the cases examined and was localized in both cytoplasm and cell membrane, whereas hDlk-1 was undetected in viral hepatitis, nodular cirrhosis. Interestingly, hDlk-1 positive HCC was found more frequently in younger patients and its expression was correlated with alpha-fetoprotein expression. Furthermore, hDlk-1 was also detected frequently in colon adenocarcinomas (58%), pancreatic islet carcinoma (50%), and small cell lung carcinoma (50%). Thus, hDlk-1 is a cell surface protein expressed in many carcinomas including HCC and may be a potential target for monoclonal antibody therapy for carcinomas.
Metabolism of pantethine in cystinosis. (1985)

D-Pantethine is a conjugate of the vitamin pantothenic acid and the low-molecular-weight aminothiol cysteamine. Pantethine is an experimental hypolipemic agent and has been suggested as a source of cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis. We treated four cystinotic children with 70-1,000 mg/kg per d oral D-pantethine and studied its metabolism. Pantethine was rapidly hydrolyzed to pantothenic acid and cysteamine; we could not detect pantethine in plasma after oral administration. The responsible enzyme, "pantetheinase," was highly active in homogenates of small intestinal mucosa and plasma. The Mi- chaelis constant of the rat intestinal enzyme was 4.6 MM and its pH profile showed a broad plateau between 4 and 9. Pantothenate pharmacokinetics after orally administered pantethine followed an open two-compartment model with slow vitamin elimination (t1/2 = 28 h). Peak plasma pantothenate occurred at 2.5 h and levels over 250 MM were seen at 300 times normal. Apparent total body storage of pantothenate was significant (25 mg/kg), and plasma levels were elevated threefold for months after pan- tethine therapy. Plasma cysteamine concentrations after pan- tethine were similar to those reported after equivalent doses of cysteamine. However, at best only 80% white blood cell cystine depletion occurred. We conclude that pantethine is probably less effective than cysteamine in the treatment of nephropathic cystinosis and should only be considered in cases of cysteamine intolerance. Serum cholesterol was decreased an average of 14%, which supports the potential clinical significance of pantethine as a hypolipemic agent. Rapid in vivo hydrolysis of pantethine suggests that pantothenate or cysteamine may be the effectors of its hypolipemic action.
Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Intracranial Tumors (1984)

Cytoplasmic estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) proteins were measured by a dextran-coated charcoal absorption technique in 19 intracranial tumors (10 meningiomas, two acoustic neurinomas, two glioblastomas, one primary tumor of neuroectodermal origin, one hemangioblastoma, one metastasis of carcinoma, one chordoma, and one pituitary adenoma). Positive PR values (greater than or equal to 10 fmol/mg of protein) were found in nine meningiomas (90% of these tumors), in the chordoma, in one glioblastoma, and in the hemangioblastoma, whereas positive ER values were recorded only in the pituitary adenoma and in one glioblastoma. Evidence of PR in meningiomas might explain their predominance in women. A possible pharmacological therapy, based on these findings, is discussed.
Phosphorylation of Munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1 by Protein Kinase C (1996)

Munc-18/n-Sec1/rbSec1 interacts with syntaxin and this interaction inhibits the association of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP)/synaptobrevin and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) with syntaxin. Syntaxin, VAMP, and SNAP-25 serve as soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion protein attachment protein (SNAP) receptors essential for docking and/or fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. Genetic analyses in yeast, Caenorhabditis elegans, and Drosophila suggest that Munc-18 is essential for vesicle transport. On the other hand, protein kinase C (PKC) stimulates Ca2+-dependent exocytosis in various types of secretory cells. However, the modes of action of Munc-18 and PKC in vesicle transport have not been clarified. Here, we show that recombinant Munc-18 is phosphorylated by conventional PKC in a Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent manner in a cell-free system. About 1 mol of phosphate is maximally incorporated into 1 mol of Munc-18. The major phosphorylation sites are Ser306 and Ser313. The Munc-18 complexed with syntaxin is not phosphorylated. The PKC-catalyzed phosphorylation of Munc-18 inhibits its interaction with syntaxin. These results suggest that the PKC-catalyzed phosphorylation of Munc-18 plays an important role in regulating the interaction of Munc-18 with syntaxin and thereby the docking and/or the fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane.
Porous dielectric dual damascene patterning issues for 65 nm node: can architecture bring a solution? (2004)

A dual hard mask, dual damascene architecture was developed to circumvent integration problems brought by porous ULK dielectric use. It was demonstrated that a via first strategy with adequately defined hard masks can improve patterning conditions.
Emotion recognition and its application in software engineering (2013)

In this paper a novel application of multimodal emotion recognition algorithms in software engineering is described. Several application scenarios are proposed concerning program usability testing and software process improvement. Also a set of emotional states relevant in that application area is identified. The multimodal emotion recognition method that integrates video and depth channels, physiological signals and input devices usage patterns is proposed and some preliminary results on learning set creation are described.
Way-tracking set-associative caches (2010)

A method for reducing the power consumption of set-associative caches is proposed. The method tracks the way information of all cache blocks and allows access of only those ways that potentially contain the requested block. When used for a 512KB eight-way 64B-block L2 cache, the method reduces the energy consumption by 79%.
Dynamic bound generation for constraint-driven routing (2002)

We propose a technique to update dynamically the bounds used during constraint-driven routing. Moderate bound violations are allowed as long as no constraint violations are induced. Adaptive net scheduling is made possible during routing, so that nets requiring an implementation with large parasitics can take advantage of the margin made available to them by other parameters maintained within their own bounds. The user is provided with a quantitative evaluation of the effectiveness of the tool in enforcing the set of constraints on the given design.
The use of a generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS) approach for generic respiratory motion correction in PET/MR imaging (2015)

Respiratory motion is a source of artifacts in multimodality imaging such as PET/MR. Solutions include retrospective or prospective gating. They have however found limited use in clinical practice, since their increased overall acquisition duration to maintain overall image quality. More elaborate methods consist of using 4D MR datasets to extract spatial deformations in order to correct for the respiratory motion in PET. The main drawbacks of such approaches is the relatively long acquisition times associated with 4D MR imaging which is often incompatible with clinical PET/MR protocols. The objective of this work was to overcome these limitations by exploiting a generalized reconstruction by inversion of coupled systems (GRICS) approach. The methodology is based on a joint estimation of motion during the MR image reconstruction process, providing internal structure motion and associated deformation matrices for retrospective use in PET respiratory motion correction. This method was first validated on four MR volunteers and two PET/MR patient datasets by comparing GRICS generated MR images to 4D MR series obtained by retrospective gating. In a second step 4D PET datasets corresponding to acquired 4D MR images were simulated using the GATE Monte Carlo simulation platform. GRICS generated deformation matrices were subsequently used to correct respiratory motion in comparison to the 4D MR image based deformations both for the simulated and the two 4D PET/MR patient datasets. Results confirm that GRICS synchronized MR images correlate well with the acquired 4D MR series. Similarly, the use of GRICS for respiratory motion correction allows an equivalent percentage improvement on lesion contrast, position and size, considering the PET simulated tumors as well as PET real tumors. This work demonstrates the potential interest of using GRICS for PET respiratory motion correction in combined PET/MR using shorter duration acquisitions without the need for 4D MRI and associated specific MR sequences.
Beyond triple-negative breast cancer: the need to define new subtypes (2010)

Advances in the systemic treatment of early breast cancer have led to significant improvements in survival for patients with hormone receptor- and/or HER2-positive disease. In recent years, interest has focused on tumors that lack expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and HER2, the so-called triple-negative subgroup. As a group, triple-negative cancers have a relatively aggressive clinical course, with early development of visceral metastases and a poor long-term prognosis. These tumors, however, encompass a wide range of subtypes with varying prognosis, including a number of special types with a good prognosis (e.g., adenoid cystic carcinomas and secretory carcinoma). There is considerable overlap between triple-negative and basal-like tumors; however, microarray studies have demonstrated that the overlap between basal-like and triple-negative cancers is not complete. The similarities between sporadic triple-negative cancers and tumors arising in BRCA1 mutation carriers and the fact that the majority of BRCA1 tumors display a triple-negative phenotype have led to studies demonstrating a potential loss of BRCA1 function in triple-negative cancers and offered potential therapeutic avenues for patients with these cancers. However, it should be noted that triple-negative breast cancers comprise a heterogeneous group of tumors. Understanding the molecular underpinning of distinct subgroups of these cancers is crucial for the identification of novel therapeutic targets and individualization of treatment for patients with triple-negative disease.
Bone marrow transplantation for chronic myeloid leukaemia using matched unrelated donors. (1989)

Because the majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) lack HLA identical siblings, attention has turned in recent years to the possibility of using suitably matched unrelated donors. Tissue typing methods must be refined to help identify the closest possible HLA phenotypic identity. For donor recipient matching the use of the mixed lymphocyte reaction is generally unhelpful and methods that predict for the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease, such as assay of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte precursors, may prove especially valuable. Preliminary results from several centres suggest that the probability of survival at two years for patients with CML allografted in chronic phase with matched unrelated donors is 35-40%.
STAT3 induces transcription of the DNA methyltransferase 1 gene (DNMT1) in malignant T lymphocytes (2006)

In this study, we demonstrated that STAT3, a well-characterized transcription factor expressed in continuously activated oncogenic form in the large spectrum of cancer types, induces in malignant T lymphocytes the expression of DNMT1, the key effector of epigenetic gene silencing. STAT3 binds in vitro to 2 STAT3 SIE/GAS-binding sites identified in promoter 1 and enhancer 1 of the DNMT1 gene. STAT3 also binds to the promoter 1 region and induces its activity in vivo. Treatment of the malignant T lymphocytes with STAT3 siRNA abrogates expression of DNMT1, inhibits cell growth, and induces programmed cell death. In turn, inhibition of DNMT1 by a small molecule inhibitor, 5-aza-2-deoxy-cytidine, and 2 DNMT1 antisense DNA oligonucleotides inhibits the phosphorylation of STAT3. These data indicate that STAT3 may in part transform cells by fostering epigenetic silencing of tumor-suppressor genes. They also indicate that by inducing DNMT1, STAT3 facilitates its own persistent activation in malignant T cells. Finally, these data provide further rationale for therapeutically targeting STAT3 in T-cell lymphomas and, possibly, other malignancies.
An Effective Two-Step Intrusion Detection Approach Based on Binary Classification and $k$ -NN (2017)

Intrusion detection has been an important countermeasure to secure computing infrastructures from malicious attacks. To improve detection performance and reduce bias towards frequent attacks, this paper proposes a two-step hybrid method based on binary classification and k-NN technique. Step 1 employs several binary classifiers and one aggregation module to effectively detect the exact classes of network connections. After step 1, the connections whose classes are uncertain are sent to step 2 to further determine their classes by the k-NN algorithm. Step 2 is based on the outcomes of step 1 and yields a beneficial supplement to step 1. By combining the two steps, the proposed method achieves reliable results on the NSL-KDD data set. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated in comparison with five supervised learning techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms baselines with respect to various evaluation criteria. In particular, for U2R and R2L attacks, the F1-scores of the proposed method are much higher than those of baselines. Furthermore, comparisons with some recent hybrid approaches are also listed. The results illustrate that the proposed method is competitive.
CD133 as a Marker for Cancer Stem Cells: Progresses and Concerns (2009)

Increasing evidence supports the cancer stem cell hypothesis, which postulates that cancer stem cells are responsible for tumor initiation, metastasis, and resistance to treatments. Therefore, they are the cells to target to cure a cancer. To study the behavior of cancer stem cells, markers for prospective isolation of cancer stem cells are crucial. Recently, CD133 has been used extensively as a marker for the identification of stem cells from normal and cancerous tissues. Several more recent studies, however, indicate that CD133 are expressed in differentiated epithelial cells in various organs, and CD133-negative cancer cells can also initiate tumors. The findings suggest that CD133 is not restricted to somatic stem cells and cancer stem cells. However, in many cases CD133 may be used in combination with other markers or methods to acquire stem cells. In this review, we summarize findings in CD133 expression in various tissues and critically discuss its applications in stem cell isolation.
Langerhans cells, macrophages and lymphocyte subsets in the cervix and vagina of rhesus macaques. (1992)

These observations provide a morphologic basis for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue in the female genital tract. Langerhans cells in the vaginal mucosa and endocervix may be well suited to sample antigen in the lumen of the reproductive tract, travel to the draining lymph node, present the antigen to T lymphocytes and initiate an immune response. This pathway of antigen presenting cell migration from the mucosa to the genital lymph node may represent the inductive arm of the mucosal immune system in the lower female reproductive tract.
Sub-Half Micrometer Gate Lift-Off By Three Layer Resist Process Via Electron Beam Lithography For Gallium Arsenide Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MIMICs) (1988)

A three layer resist process for gate lift-oft on Gallium Arsenide MIMICs by electron Dean and optical lithographies are described. The electron beam lithography process consists of Poly (Dimethyl Glutarimide) PMGI as tne planarizing layer, a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition silicon nitride (SiN) as an intermediate barrier layer and Poly (Methyl methacrylate), PMMA, as the top imaging layer. The PivimA is exposed by Cambridge Electron beam system EBMF 6.4 at 20kev and developed in Methyl Ethyl Ketone/Iso Propyl Alcohol. The pattern is then transferred to the SiN layer by cF4/o2 plasma etcning. The SiN layer is then used as the mask to transfer the pattern to the PMGI layer by 02 kteactive Ion Etching until tne GaAS is exposed. The various processing parameters are optimized to obtain lip or overnang suitable for lift-off with 0.20μm gate dimension. After the GaAS has been recessed (to reduce the parasitic source resistance), a thick 9000Å Ti/Pt/Au gate metal is evaporated and the unwanted gate metal is lifted oft using PMGI stripper. To use the three layer resist process in optical litnograpny, the MG.'. planarizing layer and PECVD SiN layer is used along with optical pnotoresist AZ1450J as a top imaging layer. inc sofcbake, uV exposure dose (436 nm) and development time for AZ145UJ are optimized to obtain 0.5μm to 1.0μm gate dimensions. The etch parameters for the pattern transfer to SiN and tnen to PMGI layers are same as in tne above process. The process levels such as mesa, source/drain, contact and metal levels for GaAs mlivilt,s are defined by UV lithography (Karl Suss contact aligner) using single layer pnotoresist. A nign overlay accuracy is obtained by use of gold metal Dumps as registration marks for aligning tne electron Dean exposed gate to optically exposed source/drain channel. Thus a higher tnrougnput and better linewidtn control are obtained using electron beam/optical lithography tecnniques. This approach is currently used to fabricate a 0.20μm gate Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors on GaAS. These results are discussed in detail.
A thermally activated delayed blue fluorescent emitter with reversible externally tunable emission (2015)

A TADF material containing a benzoylpyridine core and two<italic>meta</italic>carbazolyl groups shows externally switchable emission in the solid states and a high external quantum efficiency of 18.4% when used as a blue dopant in OLEDs.
Sporadic ALS has compartment-specific aberrant exon splicing and altered cell–matrix adhesion biology (2009)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive weakness from loss of motor neurons. The fundamental pathogenic mechanisms are unknown and recent evidence is implicating a significant role for abnormal exon splicing and RNA processing. Using new comprehensive genomic technologies, we studied exon splicing directly in 12 sporadic ALS and 10 control lumbar spinal cords acquired by a rapid autopsy system that processed nervous systems specifically for genomic studies. ALS patients had rostral onset and caudally advancing disease and abundant residual motor neurons in this region. We created two RNA pools, one from motor neurons collected by laser capture microdissection and one from the surrounding anterior horns. From each, we isolated RNA, amplified mRNA, profiled whole-genome exon splicing, and applied advanced bioinformatics. We employed rigorous quality control measures at all steps and validated findings by qPCR. In the motor neuron enriched mRNA pool, we found two distinct cohorts of mRNA signals, most of which were up-regulated: 148 differentially expressed genes (P <or= 10(-3)) and 411 aberrantly spliced genes (P <or= 10(-5)). The aberrantly spliced genes were highly enriched in cell adhesion (P <or= 10(-57)), especially cell-matrix as opposed to cell-cell adhesion. Most of the enriching genes encode transmembrane or secreted as opposed to nuclear or cytoplasmic proteins. The differentially expressed genes were not biologically enriched. In the anterior horn enriched mRNA pool, we could not clearly identify mRNA signals or biological enrichment. These findings, perturbed and up-regulated cell-matrix adhesion, suggest possible mechanisms for the contiguously progressive nature of motor neuron degeneration. Data deposition: GeneChip raw data (CEL-files) have been deposited for public access in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo, accession number GSE18920.