gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Behandlung von Strömungsproblemen in Raketendüsen bei Überexpansion (2001)

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die strömungsmechanischen Ursachen der bei Strömungsablösung in Raketendüsen beobachteten Seitenkräfte und gibt Hinweise zu ihrer Quantifizierung. Zunächst werden die im Abgasstrahl von überexpandierten Düsenströmungen auftretenden Stoßmuster analysiert. In gekürzten idealen Düsen tritt wie erwartet nur die reguläre oder Machreflexion des Überexpansionsstoßes an der Düsenlängsachse auf. Im Gegensatz dazu kann sich im Abgasstrahl einer schuboptimierten Düse ein drittes, bisher unbekanntes und nun als 'Kappenmuster' bezeichnetes Stoßmuster einstellen, welches sich als inverse Machreflexion des in schuboptimierten Düsen erzeugten inneren Stoßes deuten läßt. Für den Fall der Freistrahlablösung wird ein Modell zur Bestimmung des Ablösepunktes vorgeschlagen. Es wird gezeigt, daß die weniger erforschte Ablösung mit Wiederanlegen anders als bisher angenommen durch die Konturgebung der Düse bedingt ist. Sie tritt nur in schuboptimierten Düsen bei Existenz eines Kappenmusters auf, weil dieses die abgelöste Strömung in Richtung Düsenwand umlenkt und so zum Wiederanlegen führt. Videoanalysen und numerische Simulationen weisen die Ablösung mit Wiederanlegen erstmals auch in Großtriebwerken nach. Beim Anfahren und Abschalten von schuboptimierten Düsen kann es zum Umschlag zwischen den beiden Ablösetypen kommen. Eigens durchgeführte Modellversuche zeigen, daß die mit Abstand größten Seitenkräfte im diesem Augenblick auftreten, weil der Umschlag asymmetrisch erfolgt. Seitenkraftmessungen aus Triebwerksversuchen belegen dies auch für Großtriebwerke. Folglich können Seitenkräfte durch die Verwendung einer gekürzten idealen anstatt einer schuboptimierten Kontur entscheidend verringert werden, weil dadurch das Wiederanlegen der abgelösten Strömung vermieden wird. In den Modellversuchen erzeugt dementsprechend eine schuboptimierte Düse fast dreimal so hohe Seitenkräfte wie eine vergleichbare gekürzte ideale Düse.
A recombinant defective adenoviral agent expressing anti‐bcl‐2 ribozyme promotes apoptosis of bcl‐2‐expressing human prostate cancer cells (1999)

Over-expression of bcl-2, a potent anti-apoptosis protein, is likely to be one of the genetic mechanisms through which human prostate cancer cells develop resistance to hormonal and other forms of therapy. To develop a therapeutic agent for hormone-resistant prostate cancer based on suppression of bcl-2 expression, we had previously designed and synthesized a dual-hammerhead ribozyme capable of recognizing and specifically cleaving human bcl-2 mRNA in vitro as well as in vivo. To increase the efficiency by which the anti-bcl-2 ribozyme can be delivered to target cells, we have created a recombinant replication-deficient (defective) adenoviral agent capable of expressing the anti-bcl-2 ribozyme upon infection. This viral agent effectively reduces intracellular levels of bcl-2 mRNA and protein in cultured LNCaP prostate cancer cells following standard infection procedures. Likewise, the defective adenovirus-anti-bcl-2 ribozyme induces extensive apoptosis in several androgen-sensitive (LNCaP) and androgen-insensitive (LNCaP/bcl-2 and PC-3) human prostate cancer cell lines that express differing amounts of bcl-2 protein. One androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cell line, DU-145, lacking in bcl-2 expression, was found to be completely refractory to the effects of the virus ribozyme, supporting the concept that the cytotoxic effects of the ribozyme are based solely on its effects on bcl-2 expression. Our results support further development of this adenovirus/anti-bcl-2 ribozyme for potential gene therapeutic purposes in certain forms of hormone-resistant prostate cancer where over-expression of bcl-2 proto-oncogene is indicated. Int. J. Cancer 82:846–852, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
New drugs for the treatment of hypertension (1999)

Despite the many outstanding favorable results achieved in the treatment of hypertension, several unmet goals of antihypertensive therapy remain, such as better blood pressure control, greater protection against the organ damage associated with hypertension, better tolerability, and ultimately a more effective prevention of cardiovascular disease. These unmet goals are the reasons why new antihypertensive drugs are synthesized and tested in the clinical practice. This paper briefly mentions the goals of new antihypertensive agents and examines the main pharmacological and clinical features of new classes of antihypertensive drugs, such as angiotensin II receptor blockers, central agents, vasopeptidase inhibitors, and endothelin antagonists. The results of experimental and clinical studies with these new drugs are reviewed, emphasizing some advantages and potential disadvantages of these drugs compared with traditional antihypertensive drugs.
Ecology: Despair and Hope (1986)

Research Article| November 01 1986 Ecology: Despair and Hope Maura C. Flannery Maura C. Flannery Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1986) 48 (8): 495–497. https://doi.org/10.2307/4448393 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Maura C. Flannery; Ecology: Despair and Hope. The American Biology Teacher 1 November 1986; 48 (8): 495–497. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4448393 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1986 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The mathematical Gardner (1982)

Games.- Anyone for Twopins?.- Pretzel Solitaire as a Pastime for the Lonely Mathematician.- Some Remarks about a Hex Problem.- A Kriegspiel Endgame.- Mental Poker.- Cheap, Middling, or Dear.- A Random Hopscotch Problem, or How to Make Johnny Read More.- Geometry.- Wreaths of Tangent Circles.- Bicycle Tubes Inside Out.- Flexing Surfaces.- Planting Trees.- Slicing It Thin.- How Did Pappus Do It?.- Two-Dimensional Tiling.- Fault-Free Tilings of Rectangles.- Disections Into Equilateral Triangles.- In Praise of Amateurs.- Some Problems on Plane Tiling.- Angels and Devils.- Three-Dimensional Tiling.- Packing Problems and Inequalities.- Can Cubes Avoid Meeting Face to Face?.- Packing Handed Pentacubes.- My Life Among the Polyominoes.- Fun and Problems.- Disappearances.- Noneuclidean Harmony.- Magic Cuboctahedrons.- Games, Graphs, and Galleries.- Probing the Rotating Table.- Numbers and Coding Theory.- Supernatural Numbers.- The Graph Theorists Who Count-and What They Count.- Error-Correcting Codes and Cryptography.
Can High School Modern Language Study Pay Dividends? (1946)

Author's Summary— The author cites the 6‐year modern language program in her high school as proof that such study can pay dividends. An intensive program embracing many of the Army Specialized Training Program methods, adapted to the teen‐age child, is offered over an extended period. Spontaneous testimony of graduates substantiates its validity.
Couple complementarity and similarity: A review of the literature (1984)

Abstract This review examines couple complementarity and similarity, and their relationship to dyadic adjustment, from three perspectives: social/psychological research, clinical populations research, and the observations of family therapists. Methodological criticisms are discussed suggesting that the evidence for a relationship between similarity and attraction/satisfaction has been erroneously overstated. The views of family theorists emphasizing the role of complementary structures in dyads are presented, as well as a model of “failed” complementarity as a source of marital dissatisfaction. The few clinical studies available indicate that similarity is associated with marital success and is less associated with marital instability and divorce. Evidence suggests that dissimilarity per se is associated with instability and divorce. Within troubled dyads, there is some implication of a mechanism of stability-maintaining complementarity, as well as spousal differences in level of general emotionalism. Clinicians are cautioned that in spite of their continuing intrigue with complementarity, and the acknowledged methodological problems in this area, there remains more evidence for the relationship of similarity to couple attraction and satisfaction.
Performance bounds for optimum and suboptimum reception under Class-A impulsive noise (2002)

The transmission over the memoryless additive white Class-A noise (AWCN) channel is considered. For uncoded transmission, an exact expression for the symbol error rate is derived. For coded transmission, the Chernoff bound on the pairwise error probability is calculated and the performance achieved on the real and the complex AWCN channels is compared. Moreover, a low-complexity, suboptimum decoding metric is derived and analyzed employing the cutoff rate as a performance criterion.
Specific expression of the pS2 gene in subclasses of breast cancers in comparison with expression of the estrogen and progesterone receptors and the oncogene ERBB2. (1987)

The expression of the pS2 gene, which is induced by estrogen in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7, has been investigated in breast cancers by using pS2 mRNA determination in tumor specimens and immunocytochemistry to identify pS2 protein in paraffin-embedded sections. Using these assays we show that determination of pS2 gene expression allows the definition of subclasses of estrogen-receptor-containing breast cancers that may be used to more precisely identify estrogen-dependent tumors. Tumor specimens have also been analyzed for the presence of mRNAs for the estrogen receptor and for the ERBB2 oncogene. No evidence for the presence of truncated forms of estrogen-receptor mRNA has been found, and overexpression of the ERBB2 oncogene did not correlate with the steroid receptor status or pS2 gene expression.
Variable bleeding manifestations characterize different types of surgery in patients with severe factor XI deficiency enabling parsimonious use of replacement therapy (2006)

Surgery performed without blood component therapy in patients with severe factor XI deficiency can be accompanied by excessive bleeding in some but not all patients. In an attempt to minimize the use of blood derivatives, we carried out a retrospective analysis of bleeding complications in 120 patients with severe FXI deficiency (level of <1-15 U dL-1) who had undergone different types of surgical procedures without replacement therapy. Procedures at tissues exhibiting fibrinolytic activity were associated with bleeding in 49-67% of the patients, while procedures involving sites with no local fibrinolytic activity were associated with bleeding in 1.5-40%. The increased bleeding tendency at fibrinolytic site was significant (P=0.0015), but was unrelated to the genotype of the patients. Thus, parsimonious use of replacement therapy is possible in patients with severe FXI deficiency undergoing surgery predicting a decrease in the risks of volume overload, transfusion related acute lung injury, transmission of infectious diseases, thrombosis, allergic reactions and development of inhibitors to FXI.
Soft, Transparent, Electronic Skin for Distributed and Multiple Pressure Sensing (2013)

In this paper we present a new optical, flexible pressure sensor that can be applied as smart skin to a robot or to consumer electronic devices. We describe a mechano-optical transduction principle that can allow the encoding of information related to an externally applied mechanical stimulus, e.g., contact, pressure and shape of contact. The physical embodiment that we present in this work is an electronic skin consisting of eight infrared emitters and eight photo-detectors coupled together and embedded in a planar PDMS waveguide of 5.5 cm diameter. When a contact occurs on the sensing area, the optical signals reaching the peripheral detectors experience a loss because of the Frustrated Total Internal Reflection and deformation of the material. The light signal is converted to electrical signal through an electronic system and a reconstruction algorithm running on a computer reconstructs the pressure map. Pilot experiments are performed to validate the tactile sensing principle by applying external pressures up to 160 kPa. Moreover, the capabilities of the electronic skin to detect contact pressure at multiple subsequent positions, as well as its function on curved surfaces, are validated. A weight sensitivity of 0.193 gr(-1) was recorded, thus making the electronic skin suitable to detect pressures in the order of few grams.
Quantification of Endospore-Forming Firmicutes by Quantitative PCR with the Functional Gene<i>spo0A</i> (2013)

Bacterial endospores are highly specialized cellular forms that allow endospore-forming Firmicutes (EFF) to tolerate harsh environmental conditions. EFF are considered ubiquitous in natural environments, in particular, those subjected to stress conditions. In addition to natural habitats, EFF are often the cause of contamination problems in anthropogenic environments, such as industrial production plants or hospitals. It is therefore desirable to assess their prevalence in environmental and industrial fields. To this end, a high-sensitivity detection method is still needed. The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an approach based on quantitative PCR (qPCR). For this, the suitability of functional genes specific for and common to all EFF were evaluated. Seven genes were considered, but only spo0A was retained to identify conserved regions for qPCR primer design. An approach based on multivariate analysis was developed for primer design. Two primer sets were obtained and evaluated with 16 pure cultures, including representatives of the genera Bacillus, Paenibacillus, Brevibacillus, Geobacillus, Alicyclobacillus, Sulfobacillus, Clostridium, and Desulfotomaculum, as well as with environmental samples. The primer sets developed gave a reliable quantification when tested on laboratory strains, with the exception of Sulfobacillus and Desulfotomaculum. A test using sediment samples with a diverse EFF community also gave a reliable quantification compared to 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing. A detection limit of about 10(4) cells (or spores) per gram of initial material was calculated, indicating this method has a promising potential for the detection of EFF over a wide range of applications.
Demonstration of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody cross-reacting with public idiotypic determinants in the serum of rye-sensitive allergic patients. (1984)

Abstract The present study documents the presence, in the serum of one allergic individual, of auto-anti-idiotypic antibodies cross-reacting with public idiotypic determinants expressed on human IgE and IgG anti-Rye I antibodies. Sera from rye-sensitive patients were tested for specific IgG and IgE antibodies to Rye I by double antibody. The IgG fraction, isolated from the serum of a patient with a history of previous hyposensitization therapy, was repeatedly absorbed on Rye-I-Sepharose as well as on IgM- and IgG-Sepharose to remove anti-Rye I antibodies as well as any possible anti-heavy or light chain activity. This IgG fraction, named anti-idiotypic fraction (a-IdF), blocked in a dose-dependent fashion the reaction of IgG and IgE anti-Rye I antibodies with Rye I antigen. The a-IdF also blocked the binding of anti-rye antibodies to Rye I antigen in the serum of 20 unrelated allergic patients, indicating that these anti-Rye I antibodies bore public idiotypic determinants.
Domestic animal models of severe combined immunodeficiency: canine X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency in horses. (1992)

This review describes the clinical, immunologic and pathologic features of two naturally-occurring models of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) in domestic animals that represent different forms of human SCID. Canine X-linked SCID (XSCID) has an X-linked recessive mode of inheritance and, as such, represents a model for the most common form of human SCID in the United States. Affected dogs have normal percentages of circulating B cells and low to normal percentages of phenotypically mature, but nonfunctional T cells. Severe combined immunodeficiency in the horse is an autosomal recessive form of SCID that is characterized by a profound lymphopenia affecting both the B and T cell lineage most likely due to a lymphoid stem cell defect. Since these diseases are naturally-occurring in an outbred species, like man, they represent unique animal models of their respective human counterparts in which to determine the underlying immunologic defect(s), to evaluate novel approaches to immunotherapy or gene therapy, and to evaluate therapeutic regimens for opportunistic infections associated with SCID.
Competitive adsorption of xenon and krypton in zeolite NaA: 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance studies and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations (1997)

Investigation of competitive adsorption is carried out using the Xe–Kr mixture in zeolite NaA as a model system. The XenKrm clusters are trapped in the alpha cages of this zeolite for times sufficiently long that it is possible to observe individual peaks in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum for the clusters. The 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of several samples of varying Xe and Kr loadings have been observed and analyzed to obtain the 129Xe chemical shifts and the intensities of the peaks which are dependent on the average krypton and xenon occupancies. The detailed distributions, f(XenKrm), the fractions of cages containing n Xe atoms and m Kr atoms can be observed directly in this system from the relative intensities since individual peaks for XenKrm mixed clusters are observed in the NMR spectrum. Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations of mixtures of Xe and Kr in a rigid zeolite NaA lattice provide the detailed distributions and the average cluster shifts. The agreement with experiment is excellent. The calculated absolute chemical shifts for the Xen peaks and XenKr peaks at 300 K are in good agreement with experiment. A strictly statistical model of a binary mixture, derived from the hypergeometric distribution, in which the component atoms are distinguishable but equivalent in competition for eight lattice sites per cage under mutual exclusion provides a limiting case for the distributions, with which the GCMC simulations and the properties of the actual Xe–Kr system may be compared. The selectivity coefficients of the Xe–Kr mixture in zeolite NaA is well described by the ideal adsorbed solution model.
Overexpression of a New Zinc Finger Protein Transcription Factor<i>OsCTZFP8</i>Improves Cold Tolerance in Rice (2018)

Cold stress is one of the most important abiotic stresses in rice. C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> zinc finger proteins play important roles in response to abiotic stresses in plants. In the present study, we isolated and functionally characterized a new C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> zinc finger protein transcription factor <i>OsCTZFP8</i> in rice. <i>OsCTZFP8</i> encodes a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> zinc finger protein, which contains a typical zinc finger motif, as well as a potential nuclear localization signal (NLS) and a leucine-rich region (L-box). Expression of <i>OsCTZFP8</i> was differentially induced by several abiotic stresses and was strongly induced by cold stress. Subcellular localization assay and yeast one-hybrid analysis revealed that OsCTZFP8 was a nuclear protein and has transactivation activity. To characterize the function of <i>OsCTZFP8</i> in rice, the full-length cDNA of <i>OsCTZFP8</i> was isolated and transgenic rice with overexpression of <i>OsCTZFP8</i> driven by the maize ubiquitin promoter was generated using <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transformation. Among 46 independent transgenic lines, 6 single-copy homozygous overexpressing lines were selected by Southern blot analysis and Basta resistance segregation assay in both T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> generations. Transgenic rice overexpressing <i>OsCTZFP8</i> exhibited cold tolerant phenotypes with significantly higher pollen fertilities and seed setting rates than nontransgenic control plants. In addition, yield per plant of <i>OsCTZFP8</i>-expressing lines was significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.01) higher than that of nontransgenic control plants under cold treatments. These results demonstrate that <i>OsCTZFP8</i> was a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> zinc finger transcription factor that plays an important role in cold tolerance in rice.
Fabrication of Vertically Aligned Silicon Nanowire Arrays and Investigation on the Formation of the Nickel Silicide Nanowires (2007)

Large-area, vertically aligned silicon nanowire arrays have been successfully fabricated on (001)Si substrates via the redox reactions between silicon and silver ions in the aqueous solution of AgNO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /HF. From SEM and TEM observations, the typical widths of the synthesized SiNWs are in the range of 30-200 nm. The lengths of SiNWs could be tuned from several to tens of micrometers by adjusting the reaction temperatures and time. For the Ni thin films on Si nanowires samples, the growth of epitaxial NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> was found to be more favorable for the samples with smaller nanowire widths. The epitaxial orientation relationship between the NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Si nanowires was identified to be [100]NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> // [100]Si and (002)NiSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> //(004)Si. The observed results present the exciting prospect that with appropriate controls, this approach could be applied to investigate the phase transformation and growth kinetics of other metal contacts or interconnects on Si substrates at the nanometer-scale.
A Novel Alliinase from Onion Roots. Biochemical Characterization and cDNA Cloning (2000)

We have purified a novel alliinase (EC 4.4.1.4) from roots of onion (Allium cepa L.). Two isoforms with alliinase activity (I and II) were separated by concanavalin A-Sepharose and had molecular masses of 52.7 (I) and 50.5 (II) kD on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and 51 (I) and 57.5 (II) kD by gel filtration fast-protein liquid chromatography. Isoform I had an isoelectric point of 9.3, while isoform II had isoelectric points of 7.6, 7.9, 8.1, and 8.3. The isoforms differed in their glycosylation. Both contained xylose/fucose containing complex-type N-linked glycans, and isoform II also contained terminal mannose structures. Both isoforms had activity with S-alk(en)yl-L-cysteine sulfoxides. Unlike other allium alliinases, A. cepa root isoforms had cystine lyase activity. We cloned a gene from A. cepa root cDNA and show that it codes for A. cepa root alliinase protein. Homology to other reported allium alliinase genes is 50%. The gene coded for a protein of mass 51.2 kD, with two regions of deduced amino acid sequence identical to a 25- and a 40-amino acid region, as determined experimentally. The A. cepa root alliinase cDNA was expressed mainly in A. cepa roots. The structure and function of the alliinase gene family is discussed.