gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of boron-substituted pyrimidines and borazaroquinazolines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of boron-substituted pyrimidines and borazaroquinazolinesDonald S. Matteson, Michael S. Biernbaum, Rebecca A. Bechtold, J. Douglas Campbell, and Robert J. WilcsekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 950–954Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Findings in Drilling and Wells using Big Data Analytics (2015)

In the current cost-saving and high-tech environment, this paper aims at demonstrating that significant business value can be derived from advanced information technology. The objective was indeed to identify and reduce risk in the Drilling and Wells domains using iterative, multi-disciplinary Big Data analytics and workflows. Examples of operational risk identified in this project include low borehole quality, poor wellbore stability, and stuck pipe. Subject-matter expertise and advanced analytical capabilities were assembled to mine and analyze large amounts of different data types across drilling parameters, petrophysics and well logs, and geological formation tops for a released data set of approximately 350 oil and gas wells in the UK North Sea. The data set contained information about a large geographical area, which conventional analysis techniques would find difficult, if not impossible, to handle and analyze in its entirety. Results of this study showed that iterative Big Data “discovery workflows” uncover hidden patterns and unknown correlations in the data and unexpected correlations across the data set are exhibited. It also confirmed the possibility to improve Drilling models using business analytics. In addition the correlations found allow predictive statistics to be computed. Finally advanced visualization capabilities provided an aid to interpret, understand, and make recommendations for Drilling plan and operations. This novel approach uncovered that patterns and correlations can be detected across a disparate data set, where data types are not traditionally linked, by integrating a large variety and complexity of data in one analytical environment. Furthermore the multi-domain analyses run during the study were all performed ‘on-the-fly’, without preconception or business requirements. As a final point Big Data Analytics can also be used as a Quality Control tool and will certainly be leveraged for further multi-variate analysis in Oil and Gas.
Characterization of virus-like particles in GARDASIL® by cryo transmission electron microscopy (2013)

Cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryoTEM) is a powerful characterization method for assessing the structural properties of biopharmaceutical nanoparticles, including Virus Like Particle-based vaccines. We demonstrate the method using the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) VLPs in GARDASIL®. CryoTEM, coupled to automated data collection and analysis, was used to acquire images of the particles in their hydrated state, determine their morphological characteristics, and confirm the integrity of the particles when absorbed to aluminum adjuvant. In addition, we determined the three-dimensional structure of the VLPs, both alone and when interacting with neutralizing antibodies. Two modes of binding of two different neutralizing antibodies were apparent; for HPV type 11 saturated with H11.B2, 72 potential Fab binding sites were observed at the center of each capsomer, whereas for HPV 16 interacting with H16.V5, it appears that 60 pentamers (each neighboring 6 other pentamers) bind five Fabs per pentamer, for the total of 300 potential Fab binding sites per VLP.
Assessment of oxidative DNA damage in the <i>oxyR</i>‐deficient sos chromotest strain <i>escherichia coli</i> PQ300 (1992)

The SOS chromotest is a simple short-term genotoxicity assay measuring the induction of gene sfiA in Escherichia coli K-12. The recent availability of SOS tester strains with additional mutations in DNA repair or protection systems allows testing of DNA damaging compounds for genotoxic specificity. E. coli PQ300 differs from the standard SOS tester strain PQ37 in that it contains an additional mutation in gene oxyR that renders it more sensitive to oxidative genotoxins. The generation of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) by hydroperoxides (H2O2, t-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide), gamma-radiation, glucose oxidase, and xanthine oxidase resulted in a more vigorous SOS response in strain PQ300 compared to strain PQ37. PQ300 was also more sensitive than PQ37 for the detection of reducing agents such as ascorbic acid, cysteine, and glutathione, which also alter the redox status of the bacterial cells. However, intercalating agents (adriamycin, bleomycin, and mitomycin C) and the UV- and radiomimetic compound 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide whose DNA damaging potential are known also to involve ROI did not show significant differences between strains PQ37 and PQ300. It is concluded that the oxyR-deficient strain PQ300 is useful for detecting certain classes of genotoxins that change the oxidative/antioxidative balance of tester bacteria in the SOS chromotest.
An intelligent recommender system using sequential Web access patterns (2005)

To provide intelligent personalized online services such as Web recommendations, it is usually necessary to model users' Web access behavior. To achieve this, one of the promising approaches is Web usage mining, which mines Web logs for user models and recommendations. Different from most Web recommender systems that are mainly based on clustering and association rule mining, this paper proposes an intelligent Web recommender system known as SWARS (sequential Web access-based recommender system) that uses sequential access pattern mining. In the proposed system, CS-mine, an efficient sequential pattern mining algorithm is used to identify frequent sequential Web access patterns. The access patterns are then stored in a compact tree structure, called Pattern-tree, which is then used for matching and generating Web links for recommendations. In this paper, the proposed SWARS system is described, and its performance is evaluated based on precision, satisfaction and applicability.
The structure and function of the cervix during pregnancy (2016)

The structure of the cervix is integral to the maintenance of pregnancy, keeping the developing baby in utero and forming a barrier to the ascent of microorganisms from the vagina. Weakness of the cervix may lead to deficiency of this barrier and is associated with subsequent preterm birth. The underlying cause of this structural weakness is poorly understood. In this paper we review the structure and function of the cervix before and during pregnancy. The causes of mechanical failure of the cervix during pregnancy are described, with a specific focus on the internal cervical os. We highlight the role of the internal cervical os in causing preterm birth and discuss research techniques that may provide further insight into its function during pregnancy. It is hoped that clinical translation of this knowledge will enable the early and appropriate identification of women who will benefit from strategies to reinforce the internal os and so reduce the incidence of preterm birth. Keywords: Cervix, Pregnancy, Preterm birth, Cervical weakness
Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves in a subwavelength-diameter optical fibre (2014)

Brillouin scattering in optical fibres is a fundamental interaction between light and sound with important implications ranging from optical sensors to slow and fast light. In usual optical fibres, light both excites and feels shear and longitudinal bulk elastic waves, giving rise to forward-guided acoustic wave Brillouin scattering and backward-stimulated Brillouin scattering. In a subwavelength-diameter optical fibre, the situation changes dramatically, as we here report with the first experimental observation of Brillouin light scattering from surface acoustic waves. These Rayleigh-type surface waves travel the wire surface at a specific velocity of 3,400 m s(-1) and backscatter the light with a Doppler shift of about 6 GHz. As these acoustic resonances are sensitive to surface defects or features, surface acoustic wave Brillouin scattering opens new opportunities for various sensing applications, but also in other domains such as microwave photonics and nonlinear plasmonics.
Improving Non‐Cartesian MRI Reconstruction through Discontinuity Subtraction (2006)

Non-Cartesian sampling is widely used for fast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Accurate and fast image reconstruction from non-Cartesian k-space data becomes a challenge and gains a lot of attention. Images provided by conventional direct reconstruction methods usually bear ringing, streaking, and other leakage artifacts caused by discontinuous structures. In this paper, we tackle these problems by analyzing the principal point spread function (PSF) of non-Cartesian reconstruction and propose a leakage reduction reconstruction scheme based on discontinuity subtraction. Data fidelity in k-space is enforced during each iteration. Multidimensional nonuniform fast Fourier transform (NUFFT) algorithms are utilized to simulate the k-space samples as well as to reconstruct images. The proposed method is compared to the direct reconstruction method on computer-simulated phantoms and physical scans. Non-Cartesian sampling trajectories including 2D spiral, 2D and 3D radial trajectories are studied. The proposed method is found useful on reducing artifacts due to high image discontinuities. It also improves the quality of images reconstructed from undersampled data.
Comparison of Proteomic and Genomic Analyses of the Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D and the Antiestrogen-resistant Derivative T47D-r (2003)

In search of novel mechanisms leading to the development of antiestrogen-resistance in human breast tumors, we analyzed differences in the gene and protein expression pattern of the human breast carcinoma cell line T47D and its derivative T47D-r, which is resistant toward the pure antiestrogen ZM 182780 (Faslodex trade mark, fulvestrant). Affymetrix DNA chip hybridizations on the commercially available HuGeneFL and Hu95A arrays were carried out in parallel to the proteomics analysis where the total cellular protein content of T47D or T47D-r was separated on two-dimensional gels. Thirty-eight proteins were found to be reproducibly up- or down-regulated more than 2-fold in T47D-r versus T47D in the proteomics analysis. Comparison with differential mRNA analysis revealed that 19 of these were up- or down-regulated in parallel with the corresponding mRNA molecules, among which are the protease cathepsin D, the GTPases Rab11a and MxA, and the secreted protein hAG-2. For 11 proteins, the corresponding mRNA was not found to be differentially expressed, and for eight proteins an inverse regulation was found at the mRNA level. In summary, mRNA expression data, when combined with proteomic information, provide a more detailed picture of how breast cancer cells are altered in their antiestrogen-resistant compared with the antiestrogen-sensitive state.
Approximate analytic reconstruction in x-ray fluorescence computed tomography (2004)

X-ray fluorescence computed tomography (XFCT) is an emerging imaging modality that allows for the reconstruction of the distribution of nonradioactive elements within a sample from measurements of fluorescence x-rays produced by irradiation of the sample with monochromatic synchrotron radiation. XFCT is not a transmission tomography modality, but rather a stimulated emission tomography modality and thus correction for attenuation of the incident and fluorescence photons is essential if accurate images are to be obtained. In this work, we develop and characterize an approximate analytic approach to image reconstruction with attenuation correction in XFCT that is applicable when the incident beam attenuation is uniform and when a factor involving fluorescence attenuation and solid angle effects satisfies a certain approximation. When these conditions hold, we demonstrate that the XFCT imaging equation reduces to the exponential Radon transform, which can be readily inverted. The necessary approximation worsens as the total fluorescence attenuation in the sample grows, but the approach is found to be relatively robust as the approximation breaks down. In a long-axis, small solid angle geometry the proposed approach performs comparably to a previously proposed, more computationally expensive approximate method across a range of attenuation levels. In a short-axis, large solid angle geometry, the proposed approach is found to outperform this previous method.
Ultraviolet Lighting During Orthopaedic Surgery and the Rate of Infection (2007)

When appropriate safety precautions are taken, ultraviolet lighting appears to be an effective way to lower the risk of infection in the operating room during total joint replacement surgery.
Mechanism of troglitazone action in type 2 diabetes. (2000)

To examine the metabolic pathways by which troglitazone improves insulin responsiveness in patients with type 2 diabetes, the rate of muscle glycogen synthesis was measured by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The rate-controlling steps of insulin-stimulated muscle glucose metabolism were assessed using 31P-NMR spectroscopic measurement of intramuscular glucose-6-phosphate (G-6-P) combined with a novel 13C-NMR method to assess intracellular glucose concentrations. Seven healthy nonsmoking subjects with type 2 diabetes were studied before and after completion of 3 months of troglitazone (400 mg/day) therapy. After troglitazone treatment, rates of insulin-stimulated whole-body glucose uptake increased by 58+/-11%, from 629+/-82 to 987+/-156 micromol x m(-2) x min(-1) (P = 0.008), which was associated with an approximately 3-fold increase in rates of insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation (from 119+/-41 to 424+/-70 micromol x m(-2) x min(-1); P = 0.018) and muscle glycogen synthesis (26+/-17 vs. 83+/-35 micromol x l(-1) muscle x min(-1); P = 0.025). After treatment, muscle G-6-P concentrations increased by 0.083+/-0.019 mmol/l (P = 0.008 vs. pretreatment) during the hyperglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, compared with no significant changes in intramuscular G-6-P concentrations in the pretreatment study, reflecting an improvement in glucose transport and/or hexokinase activity. The concentrations of intracellular free glucose did not differ between the pre- and posttreatment studies and remained >50-fold lower in concentration (<0.1 mmol/l) than what would be expected if hexokinase activity was rate-controlling. These results indicate that troglitazone improves insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of patients with type 2 diabetes by facilitating glucose transport activity, which thereby leads to increased rates of muscle glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation.
Adaptive pointing (2009)

We present Adaptive Pointing, a novel approach to addressing the common problem of accuracy when using absolute pointing devices for distant interaction. The intention behind this approach is to improve pointing performance for absolute input devices by implicitly adapting the Control-Display gain to the current user's needs without violating users' mental model of absolute-device operation. First evaluation results show that Adaptive Pointing leads to a significant improvement compared with absolute pointing in terms of movement time (19%), error rate (63%), and user satisfaction.
Frictional and Acoustic Behavior of Automotive Interior Polymeric Material Pairs Under Environmental Conditions (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">As automotive manufacturers continue to increase their use of thermoplastics for interior and exterior components, there is a likelihood of squeaks due to material contacts. To address this issue, Ford's Body Chassis NVH Squeak and Rattle Prevention Engineering Department has developed a tester that can measure friction, and any accompanying audible sound, as a function of sliding velocity, normal load, surface roughness, and environmental factors. The Ford team has been using the tester to address manufacturing plant issues and to develop a database of polymeric material pairings that will be used as a guide for current and future designs to eliminate potential noise concerns. Based upon the database, along with a physical property analysis of the various plastic (viscoelastic) materials used in the interior, we are in the process of developing an analytical model which will be a tool to predict frictional behavior. The model will be integrated into the automotive component design process (CAD/CAM/CAE) so that potential concerns can be addressed prior to critical design milestone freeze dates. This paper will review our research results to date.</div>
Lacrimal gland inflammation is responsible for ocular pathology in TGF-beta 1 null mice. (1997)

Mice homozygous for a nonfunctional transforming growth factor-beta 1 gene develop rampant inflammation in vital organs that contributes to a shortened life span. The presence of circulating anti-nuclear anti-bodies, immune deposits in tissues, leukocyte infiltration, and increased major histocompatibility complex antigen expression resembles an autoimmune-like syndrome. One of the overt symptoms that appears in these mice lacking transforming growth factor-beta 1 is the development of dry crusty eyes that close persistently as their health declines. Histologically, the eyes appear normal with little or no inflammation. However, inflammatory lesions, predominantly lymphocytic, develop in the lacrimal glands, disrupting their structure and function and severely limiting their ability to generate tears. This histopathology and aberrant function mimic that of Sjögren's syndrome, a human autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes and dry mouth. Impeding the leukocyte infiltration into the glands with synthetic fibronectin peptides, which block adhesion, not only prevents the inflammatory pathology but also prevents the persistent eye closure characteristic of these mice.
<i>N</i>-Methylated Cyclic Pentaalanine Peptides as Template Structures (2006)

The N-methylation of cyclic peptides can be used to modify the activity and/or selectivity of biologically active peptides. As N-methylation introduces different flexibility and lipophilicity, it can also improve the bioavailability (the ADMET profile). To search for conformationally constrained cyclic peptides, a library of 30 different N-methylated peptides with the basic sequence cyclo(-D-Ala-L-Ala4-) was synthesized. Based on the NMR analysis, seven of these peptides exhibited single conformations (>98%). The structural features of these peptides were determined by a combination of NMR and distance geometry and then further refined by molecular dynamics simulations in an explicit DMSO solvent box. The structures provided from these efforts can now serve as templates for the rational design of cyclic pentapeptides with a distinct backbone conformation or for "spatial screening" to explore the bioactive conformation of medically important peptide systems.
Three-Dimensional Imaging of Multimillimeter Sized Cold Lesions by Focusing Collimator Coincidence Scanning (FCCS) (1977)

A twin-probe high-resolution focusing collimator coincidence scanning system has been developed which can tomographically image multimillimeter structures. The three-dimensional detection and imaging capabilities, the related off-focal suppression, and the sensitivity are compared with standard techniques.
Process instrumentation and control in food extruders. (1990)

The author, formerly with APV Baker, discusses instrumentation and control of feed material preparation, preconditioning, and extrusion, in terms of power measurement, product characteristics, and total integrated system control
In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus (2020)

Chinese herbal treatments classically used for treating viral respiratory infection might contain direct anti-2019-nCoV compounds.
Acute Leukemia Immunohistochemistry: A Systematic Diagnostic Approach (2008)

Immunophenotyping of blasts using an immunohistochemical approach to lymphoid and myeloid malignancies is presented. Initial and subsequent additional antibody panels are suggested to confirm or exclude each possibility in the differential diagnosis and a general strategy for diagnostic evaluation is discussed. Although the use of immunohistochemistry alone is limited and evaluation by flow cytometry and genetic studies is highly recommended, unavoidable situations requiring analysis of formalin-fixed tissue specimens arise. When performed in an optimized laboratory and combined with a careful morphologic examination, the immunohistochemical approach represents a useful laboratory tool for classifying various leukemias.
Endohedral vibrations of sodium(1+) in fullerene (C60) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEndohedral vibrations of sodium(1+) in fullerene (C60)P. P. Schmidt, B. I. Dunlap, and C. T. WhiteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 26, 10537–10541Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100179a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100179a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts