gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Fine Alumina Powder, Fibrillar Boehmite (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Fine Alumina Powder, Fibrillar BoehmiteJohn Bugosh, R. L. Brown, J. R. McWhorter, G. W. Sears, and R. J. SippelCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1962, 1, 3, 157–161Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360003a004https://doi.org/10.1021/i360003a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
In vivo quantification of <i>T</i><sub>1ρ</sub> using a multislice spin‐lock pulse sequence (2004)

A multislice spin-lock (MS-SL) pulse sequence is implemented on a clinical scanner to acquire multiple images with spin-lock-generated contrast of the knee joints of six healthy human subjects. The MS-SL sequence produces images with T1rho contrast with an additional factor of intrinsic T2rho weighting, which hinders direct measurement of T1rho. A method is presented to compensate the MS-SL-generated data with regard to T2rho in an effort to accurately calculate multislice T1rho maps in a feasible experimental time. The T2rho-compensated multislice T1rho maps produced errors in the measurement of T1rho in healthy patellar cartilage of approximately 5% compared to the gold standard measurement of T1rho acquired with single-slice spin-lock pulse sequence. The MS-SL sequence has potential as an important clinical tool for the acquisition of multislice T1rho-weighted images and/or quantitative multislice T1rho maps.
Estimating winter wheat plant water content using red edge width (2004)

Remote sensing of vegetation liquid water has important application in agriculture and forestry. The spectral index or features of water absorption in NIR and SWIR have been found useful for the detection of plant water content (PWC). It is unfortunately that the foliar liquid water absorption is superposed by the atmospheric vapor absorption, and it is very difficult to distinguish the contribution of foliar liquid water and atmospheric vapor on the water absorption spectral features. In this study, the novel methods using red edge width, which located outside of water absorption bands, were proposed for deriving winter wheat PWC from field canopy spectra. The significant positive correlation coefficients were observed between PWC and spectral reflectances in 740-900nm region for all the 6 growth stages. And this mechanism also affects the spectral red edge in 680- 740nm region. The correlation coefficients between PWC and red edge width derived from inverted gaussian model is significant at 0.999 confident level, and we established the statistical models for PWC by red edge width in all the 6 growth stages.
Remote C6-Enantioselective C–H Functionalization of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles through the Dual H-Bonds and π–π Interaction Strategy Enabled by CPAs (2019)

A versatile dual H-bonds and π-π interaction strategy that enables enantioselective remote C6-selective C-H functionalization of 2,3-disubstituted indoles was first reported. The N-H bond of indole was pivotal to achieve the C6 functionalization with excellent yield and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, this methodology leads to the efficient construction of numerous enantioenriched C6-functionalized indole products under mild reaction conditions employing different electrophiles. Preliminary cell proliferation investigations revealed that the synthesized chiral C6-substituted indole derivatives had potential anticancer activities.
John Bates Clark: A Life, 1847–1938 (1995)

John Bates Clark, the first United States economist to reach a position of prominence within this profession, was raised in an archetypal New England Puritan environment in Providence, Rhode Island. Within its Congregationalist household the family maintained a strict religious regimen that included daily prayer and a scrupulous observance of the sabbath, but there was more to such an environment than this: Equal emphasis was placed on intellectual growth as well as ‘ … keenness in the pursuit of individualistic commercial enterprise’ (A. Clark, 1938, p. 5).1
Rapid thermal oxidation of silicon nanowires (2009)

Oxidation kinetics of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) subjected to rapid thermal oxidation (RTO) at 900 °C and 1000 °C in dry oxygen for exposure times ranging from 1 to 7.5 min is reported. For 1 min, SiNWs exhibit an enhanced oxidation rate compared to planar silicon, but for longer exposures the oxidation rates of SiNWs and planar Si are similar. Compared to furnace oxidation of SiNWs, RTO provides faster average oxidation rates and a weaker dependence of oxide shell thickness on the NW diameter. Our results demonstrate that RTO is an efficient approach for controlled oxidation of SiNWs.
Leukocyte-Endothelial Monolayer Adhesion Assay (Static Conditions) (2003)

Peripheral blood leukocytes interact with the endothelial lining of the cardiovascular system in a wide variety of physiologic and pathophysiologic situations. In various types of acute and chronic inflammatory reactions, for example, polymorphonuclear leukocytes (neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils) and mononuclear leukocytes (monocytes, lymphocytes) adhere to and then migrate across the locally activated endothelial lining to form an inflammatory exudate. This process involves the ligand-receptor pairing of a series of adhesion molecule expressed by both circulating leukocytes and the endothelial cell (1). The sequential and coordinated interaction of these leukocyte-endothelial adhesion molecules, in conjunction with the localized generation of leukocyte-selective chemoattractant cytokines, confers a cellular selectivity to these reactions (1,2).
Large tuning range analog and multi-bit MEMS varactors (2004)

This paper presents a variety of analog and multi-bit RF MEMS varactors for use in tunable circuits and filters. Novel use of multiple pull-down electrodes covered with thick dielectrics allow for analog and digital-type control and long-hold down times. An analog varactor with nearly 7:1 usable tuning range and better than 80:1 switching range, a multi-state varactor-switch and a 4 bit capacitor bank are presented.
Perception of Risk (1987)

Studies of risk perception examine the judgements people make when they are asked to characterize and evaluate hazardous activities and technologies. This research aims to aid risk analysis and policy-making by providing a basis for understanding and anticipating public responses to hazards and improving the communication of risk information among lay people, technical experts, and decision-makers. This work assumes that those who promote and regulate health and safety need to understand how people think about and respond to risk. Without such understanding, well-intended policies may be ineffective.
Initial results from the TacSat-4 solar cell experiment (2013)

The TacSat-4 spacecraft carries a solar cell experiment characterizing a string of 3 triple-junction 1-sun solar cells and a string of triple junction solar cells under a flexible, linear Fresnel lens providing approximately 6 times solar concentration. TacSat-4 flies in a highly elliptical, four hour orbit, passing through proton and electron radiation belts 12 times per day. The damage to solar cells in this environment is severe. In this paper we examine the solar cell damage rates of the two solar cell strings.
An Automatic Shake Mechanism for the Biomass Pyrolysis Feeding (2010)

Successful feeding is critical to biomass utilization processes such as pyrolysis. The biomass particles in hopper frequently become bridge or adhere to the wall, and it does not provide the required uniform and continuous flow of the feedstock materials. Therefore, an automatic shake mechanism is devised which is set in the hopper and driven by the rotating of the first screw. The experiments were done using the automatic shake mechanism. The results show that the biomass particles can deliver uniformly by screws without extra power consumption and increased the delivery capacity.
A new photochemical reactor design for the treatment of absorbing solutions (1997)

The recent developments in the field of Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOP) require improvements in reactor design. Indeed, light-induced procedures cannot be used for the removal of micropollutants in strong absorbing solutions. In this work, the technical design concept for mixing in a cylindrical reactor has been approached in a rational way for the treatment of compounds in highly absorbing solutions. The new photochemical reactor perfected in our laboratory consists of an annular reactor with one UV lamp in axial position. However, this reactor differs from classical ones since the rotation of the quartz sleeve protecting the lamp associated with the flux of the solution establishes a Couette-Taylor type flow. This means that toroïcal eddies are formed between the two surfaces of the cylindrical reactor and thus, periodically, each fraction of liquid comes near the UV source. Three photochemical processes with irradiation at 254 nm have been examined: direct photolysis, H2O2/UV and TiO2/UV for the removal of organic micropollutants such as atrazine and aliphatic acids in strongly absorbant solutions. Para-nitrophenol in the concentration range 1.0 to 2.3 mmol.L−1 (3.0-6.4 cm−1) has been added to the water to be treated as a product that absorbs the 254 nm light. The overall effect simulates that of an inner filter absorbing incident photons. In several experiments, para-nitrophenol was replaced by a mineral component bentonite. Experiments showed that under these experimental conditions, for the three photochemical systems, the yield of oxidation was significantly increased as a result of the rotating movement of the central cylinder. This new design will be able to improve the efficiency of commonly used industrial reactors.
Source-search sensitivity of a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager (2006)

We have recently completed a large-area, coded-aperture, gamma-ray imager for use in searching for radiation sources. The instrument was constructed to verify that weak point sources can be detected at considerable distances if one uses imaging to overcome fluctuations in the natural background. The instrument uses a rank-19, one-dimensional coded aperture to cast shadow patterns onto a 0.57 m/sup 2/ NaI(Tl) detector composed of 57 individual cubes each 10 cm on a side. These are arranged in a 19/spl times/3 array. The mask is composed of four-cm thick, one-meter high, 10-cm wide lead blocks. The instrument is mounted in the back of a small truck from which images are obtained as one drives through a region. Results of first measurements obtained with the system are presented.
Overexpression of Interleukin-15 Increases Susceptibility to Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Liver Injury in Mice Primed with<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (2004)

Mice primed with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) are highly sensitive to lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury and lethality. We found that interleukin-15 (IL-15) transgenic (Tg) mice primed with BCG were more susceptible to LPS-induced liver injury than non-Tg mice. The numbers of CD44+ CD8+ T cells expressing intracellular gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) significantly increased in the livers of BCG-primed IL-15 Tg mice after LPS injection, and the depletion of CD8+ T cells from BCG-primed IL-15 Tg mice completely abolished the susceptibility to LPS-induced lethality. Liver T cells from BCG-primed IL-15 Tg mice produced IFN-gamma in vitro in response to LPS, which was inhibited by the addition of anti-IL-12 monoclonal antibody (MAb). In vivo treatment with anti-IL-12 MAb inhibited the appearance of CD44+ CD8+ T cells expressing intracellular IFN-gamma after LPS injection. These results suggest that the overexpression of IL-15 increases susceptibility to LPS-induced liver injury in BCG-primed mice via bystander activation of CD8+ T cells.
Whole Blood D-Dimer Assay: An Effective Noninvasive Method to Rule Out Pulmonary Embolism (2000)

No surgical patient with PE or DVT (n = 27) had a negative D-dimer. A negative D-dimer result in a stable surgical patient should be considered conclusive evidence to rule out thromboembolism and, thus, negate the need for further diagnostic studies. In our surgical patients suspected of DVT or PE, had D-dimer been used, one third of the patients would have avoided an expensive or invasive diagnostic test.
Registration-based measurement of regional expiration volume ratio using dynamic 4DCT imaging (2011)

Lung function depends on mechanical lung expansion and contraction during the respiratory cycle. Recently developed dynamic 4D CT imaging and 3D image registration can be used to analyze regional lung function, which are significant for lung disease diagnosis, treatment and lung ventilation change during radiation therapy. 4D CT images of the lung can be reconstructed at any respiratory phase point based on the breathing trace signal during image acquisition. In this paper, we propose an image registration-based technique for assessing regional pulmonary function during specified time interval and estimating regional expiration volume ratio using 4D CT. Data from four anesthetized mechanically-ventilated sheep and one human patient undergoing Radiation Therapy were analyzed. Sheep lung images were divided into 30 slabs in the ventral-dorsal direction with equal lung height to study the ventilation variation. We found that the mean values of expiration volume ratio across slabs demonstrate a similar pattern and lung tissue near dorsal part contracts more in the first expiratory phase. The reproducibility of regional lung function of one human patient was compared between end-expiration-to-end-inspiration pair and the phase pair spanning the first expiratory interval, in which the latter pair shows 30% higher reproducibility. The accuracy of image registration is assessed by 200 semi-automatically annotated lung landmarks. Sheep data show landmark error on the level of 0.8 mm after registration.
Isolation and characterization of a laccase-derepressed mutant of Neurospora crassa (1989)

Laccase from the ascomycete Neurospora crassa is an inducible secretory enzyme. Production of this enzyme is repressed in vegetative cultures but can be induced by treatment with low concentrations of cycloheximide. Isolation and characterization of a derepressed mutant, the lah-1 mutant, that is capable of producing laccase in vegetative cultures without induction by cycloheximide are described. The lah-1 mutation is mapped between nit-2 and leu-3 on linkage group I, and it behaved as a recessive mutation in a forced heterokaryon. No differences were detected biochemically or immunologically between the laccase protein produced by the lah-1 mutant in the absence of cycloheximide and that induced with cycloheximide in the wild-type strain. This suggests that both laccases (66 kilodaltons) are products of the same structural gene. Relative amounts of laccase in the culture filtrate of the lah-1 mutant were much higher than those induced with cycloheximide in the wild-type strain, demonstrating high efficiency of the lah-1 mutant in production and secretion of laccase. The time course of laccase production by the lah-1 mutant revealed that expression of 66-kilodalton laccase was repressed in conidia and derepressed during vegetative mycelial growth. This suggests that a multiple regulatory mechanism is involved in the production and/or maturation of Neurospora laccase. The lah-1 mutant may be useful for identifying genes that regulate expression of the laccase gene in N. crassa.
Monocarboxylate Transporter 4 (MCT4) Knockout Mice Have Attenuated 4NQO Induced Carcinogenesis; A Role for MCT4 in Driving Oral Squamous Cell Cancer (2018)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the 6th most common human cancer and affects approximately 50,000 new patients every year in the US. The major risk factors for HNSCC are tobacco and alcohol consumption as well as oncogenic HPV infections. Despite advances in therapy, the overall survival rate for all-comers is only 50%. Understanding the biology of HNSCC is crucial to identifying new biomarkers, implementing early diagnostic approaches and developing novel therapies. As in several other cancers, HNSCC expresses elevated levels of MCT4, a member of the SLC16 family of monocarboxylate transporters. MCT4 is a H<sup>+</sup>-linked lactate transporter which functions to facilitate lactate efflux from highly glycolytic cells. High MCT4 levels in HNSCC have been associated with poor prognosis, but the role of MCT4 in the development and progression of this cancer is still poorly understood. In this study, we used 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) to induce oral cancer in MCT4<sup>-/-</sup> and wild type littermates, recapitulating the disease progression in humans. Histological analysis of mouse tongues after 23 weeks of 4NQO treatment showed that MCT4<sup>-/-</sup> mice developed significantly fewer and less extended invasive lesions than wild type. In mice, as in human samples, MCT4 was not expressed in normal oral mucosa but was detected in the transformed epithelium. In the 4NQO treated mice we detected MCT4 in foci of the basal layer undergoing transformation, and progressively in areas of carcinoma <i>in situ</i> and invasive carcinomas. Moreover, we found MCT4 positive macrophages within the tumor and in the stroma surrounding the lesions in both human samples of HNSCC and in the 4NQO treated animals. The results of our studies showed that MCT4 could be used as an early diagnostic biomarker of HNSCC. Our finding with the MCT4<sup>-/-</sup> mice suggest MCT4 is a driver of progression to oral squamous cell cancer and MCT4 inhibitors could have clinical benefits for preventing invasive HNSCC.
Biosynthesis of the glycolipid anchor of lipophosphoglycan and the structurally related glycoinositolphospholipids from <i>Leishmania major</i> (1995)

The major macromolecule on the surface of the protozoan parasite Leishmania major is a lipophosphoglycan (LPG) which contains a glycosylphosphatidylinositol glycolipid anchor. This parasite also synthesizes a complex family of abundant low-molecular-mass glycoinositolphospholipids (GIPLs) which are structurally related to the LPG anchor. In this study, L. major promastigotes were metabolically labelled with [3H]GlcN, and the kinetics of incorporation into free glycolipids and the LPG anchor followed to elucidate the pathway of GIPL biosynthesis and possible precursor-product relationships between the GIPLs and LPG. Labelled GIPLs were identified by TLC and by liquid chromatography of the released headgroups, before and after enzymic and chemical cleavage. On the basis of the measured specific radioactivities of the GIPLs, and their kinetics of radiolabelling, we suggest the pathway GlcN-PI-->Man1GlcN-PI (M1)-->Man2GlcN-PI (iM2)-->GalfMan2GlcN-PI (GIPL-1)-->Gal1GalfMan2GlcN-PI (GIPL-2)-->Gal2GalfMan2GlcN-PI (GIPL-3). All of the GIPLs were shown to contain alkylacylglycerol or lyso-alkylglycerol lipid moieties with the exception of the earliest intermediate, glucosaminylphosphatidylinositol (GlcN-PI), which contained both alkylacylglycerol and diacylglycerol. A significant proportion (approx. 50%) of GIPL-3 appeared to be selectively modified by the addition of a Glc-1-PO4 residue to one of the mannose residues (P-GIPL-3). On the basis of the specific radioactivity and kinetics of labelling of GIPL-3 and P-GIPL-3 we suggest that both of these low-abundance species are rapidly utilized as LPG precursors. The turnover of LPG and the GIPLs was also studied by [3H]Gal pulse-chase labelling and cell-surface labelling experiments. Whereas LPG was rapidly shed from the cell surface, consistent with previous studies, the GIPLs (both the total cellular and cell-surface pools) had a much slower turnover. These results suggest that the majority of the GIPLs do not act as LPG precursors and indicate that the cellular levels of these molecules is determined, at least in part, by the rate at which they are shed from the cell surface.
Characterization of erasable inorganic photochromic media for optical disk data storage (1998)

Optical recording characteristics of an ion-exchanged inorganic photochromic media is investigated. The experiments show that the ion-exchanged recording layer can support high data recording density with excellent optical readout contrast. Its recording speed at available red diode laser power can be comparable and even faster than most CD-erasable drives. A focused UV light or electron beams can erase the recorded data on the ion-exchanged layer and facilitate further data rewriting by focused laser beams. The recording medium has excellent thermal stability and supports nondestructive data readout for erasable optical data storage applications.
Synthesis of Numerous Onion-like Fullerenes and Its Application to Solid Lubricant. (2001)

Milligrams of onion-like fullerenes, so-called carbon onions, have been synthesized by heating diamond clusters in inert ambient at atmospheric pressure. Diamond clusters, of which average grain size is 5nm, were heated up to 1730°C and maintained at the temperature for 1minute in argon using an infrared image furnace. Transformation of diamond clusters into onion-like fullerenes was confirmed by high-resolution electron microscopy, which showed onion-like fullerenes have a well-controlled size ranging from 5 to 10 nm. Ball-on-disk type friction testing was conducted to characterize the tribological properties of onion-like fullerenes as a solid lubricant. As a result, onion-like fullerenes have exhibited lower friction, compared with graphite powders, in both air and vacuum. This low friction property of onion-like fullerenes has been displayed on a sliding disk with lower surface roughness and higher hardness.