gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tobacco smoke induces mitochondrial depolarization along with cell death: effects of antioxidants (1999)

Smoking has been associated with a large number of diseases, in particular cancers. Among the many substances identified in tobacco smoke, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are major carcinogens. We have previously reported that exposure of mammalian cells to tobacco smoke induces the expression of stress proteins, as well as apoptosis (programmed cell death). Here we examined the effects of tobacco smoke on mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsim), since mitochondria have been proposed to control the effector phase of apoptosis. We used normal human monocytes for these experiments, with the prospect for application of deltapsim as a biomarker of oxidative stress. Tobacco smoke induced mitochondrial depolarization at 3 h, and apoptosis (or necrosis for higher concentrations) after 16 h. Apoptosis was assessed by both a functional approach (annexin V binding) and morphological analysis (electron microscopy). N-acetyl-cysteine prevented tobacco smoke-induced deltapsim disruption and apoptosis, while the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.Fmk did not affect deltapsim, though preventing apoptosis, and superoxide dismutase had no effect. Our data designate mitochondria as a target for ROS-mediated effects of tobacco smoke exposure.
Spectral vision system for measuring color images (1999)

We present a spectral vision system that can be used to measure a color spectrum and two-dimensional spectral images. First, a low-dimensional color filter set was designed by an unsupervised neural network. Then a compact optical setup for the spectral synthesizer was constructed to synthesize the light that corresponds to the spectral characteristics of the color filter. In the optical setup a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator was used to implement color filters. A sample was illuminated by the synthesized lights, and the intensity images that correspond to the inner products between the color filter and the sample were detected by a CCD camera. From the detected inner products the sample’s color spectra were reconstructed by use of a pseudoinverse matrix. Experimental results of measuring a single color spectrum and spectral images are presented.
A Multistandard Chip Set for VHS VCRS (1984)

For video signal processing in VHS VCR's a set of integrated circuits is under development, which leads to an implementation consisting of 4 IC's for PAL, NTSC, or SECAM single standard machines, and 5 IC's for a dual standard PAL/SECAM machine.
Solar-grade silicon prepared by carbothermic reduction of silica (1986)

An advanced carbothermic reduction (ACR) process was developed to produce solar grade (SC) silicon from high purity silica and carbon. Preparation of starting materials and operation of the arc furnace to product high purity silicon is described. Solar cells prepared from single crystal SG-Si had efficiencies of up to 12.3% practically identical to cells made from electronic grade silicon. The ACR process is not in the pilot stage for further evaluation.
Renewable High‐Performance Fibers from the Chemical Recycling of Cotton Waste Utilizing an Ionic Liquid (2016)

A new chemical recycling method for waste cotton is presented that allows the production of virgin textile fibers of substantially higher quality than that from the mechanical recycling methods that are used currently. Cotton postconsumer textile wastes were solubilized fully in the cellulose-dissolving ionic liquid 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-enium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) to be processed into continuous filaments. As a result of the heterogeneous raw material that had a different molar mass distribution and degree of polymerization, pretreatment to adjust the cellulose degree of polymerization by acid hydrolysis, enzyme hydrolysis, or blending the waste cotton with birch prehydrolyzed kraft pulp was necessary to ensure spinnability. The physical properties of the spun fibers and the effect of the processing parameters on the ultrastructural changes of the fibers were measured. Fibers with a tenacity (tensile strength) of up to 58 cN tex<sup>-1</sup> (870 MPa) were prepared, which exceeds that of native cotton and commercial man-made cellulosic fibers.
Secrecy is a slippery affair : media freedom (2011)

Assume for a moment this scenario: the South African government thinks it is possible that the increasingly unstable state of Canada, where power has recently been usurped by a moustachioed gunslinger who was formally a naval petty officer, has deployed agents to discover some of South Africa's intimate mining secrets. South Africa deploys counter-intelligence officers to Canada, including an agent code-named RS352.
Development of a high speed and deep scanning optical coherence tomography system (2004)

An optical coherence tomography system employing an array of retroreflectors mounted on a rotating disk has been developed for ophthalmology. Backscatter signals from the anterior segment and retina of the eye can be detected in a single A-scan.
Assessment of blood interactions with the Therapore Apheresis System. (1988)

Biocompatibility evaluations are a complex issue involving not only classical toxicity and animal testing but also the interactions of biological systems. The evaluations of the Therapore Primary System are reported for three model systems: (1) in vitro human blood, (2) a baboon (Papio anubis) animal model, and (3) normal human volunteer apheresis. Measurements of both complement (C3a) and platelet (BTG and TXB2) activation products during the apheresis procedures are given as a sensitive indicator of biocompatibility. No statistically significant elevations of these activation products were observed. Thus, the Therapore System was found to have negligible perturbations of the interacting biological systems evaluated even with the highly sensitive RIA procedures employed. These observations and methods establish a solid foundation for comprehensive biocompatibility evaluations of future extracorporeal devices.
Genetically modified parthenocarpic eggplants: improved fruit productivity under both greenhouse and open field cultivation. (2002)

The DefH9-iaaM parthenocarpic gene is a biotechnological tool that enhances the agronomic value of all eggplant genotypes tested. The main advantages of DefH9-iaaM eggplants are: i) improved fruit productivity (at least 30-35%) under both greenhouse and open field cultivation; ii) production of good quality (marketable) fruits during different types of cultivation; iii) seedless fruit with improved quality. Such advantages have been achieved without the use of either male or female sterility genes.
Dipolar anisotropy fiber imaging in a goat knee meniscus (2010)

This study describes a method of utilizing unaveraged dipolar effects to characterize and compute collagen fiber tracks using magnetic resonance imaging. The technique yields information about fiber structure with some similarities to what can be obtained in brain using diffusion tensor imaging, but relies on a completely different physical mechanism, namely, unaveraged homonuclear dipolar interactions. The method is probably only appropriate for highly ordered collagen rich tissues. A goat knee meniscus was embedded in a spherical epoxy ball and the magnetic resonance signal intensity was examined as a function of sample orientation to a 3T static field using a three-dimensional gradient echo sequence. Unaveraged dipolar interactions caused a sixfold signal variation with orientation. After correction for coil sensitivity and registration of the images, a principal dipolar direction was computed for each voxel. The data were analyzed and viewed as dipolar direction and standard deviation (anisotropy) maps. Circumferential fibers within the meniscus were visualized as fiber tracks grown using diffusion tensor imaging software. The acronym dipolar anisotropy fiber imaging is proposed for this technique. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preparation and mass spectral properties of cystine and lanthionine derivatives. Novel synthesis of L-lanthionine by selective desulfurization (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and mass spectral properties of cystine and lanthionine derivatives. Novel synthesis of L-lanthionine by selective desulfurizationDavid N. Harpp and John G. GleasonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1971, 36, 1, 73–80Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00800a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00800a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A study of Cu(I)‐ethylene complexation for olefin–paraffin separation (2010)

Abstract The current cryogenic distillation technology used for olefin–paraffin separation incurs extensive capital and operating costs. An alternative olefin–paraffin separation process, based on reactive absorption, could yield significant cost reductions. The research efforts described herein explored the structural characteristics of an NMP‐CuCl‐aniline absorption solution with ethylene to aid future development of olefin–paraffin separation systems. Solution IR and 1 H NMR spectroscopy suggested weak and labile Cu(I)‐ethylene and Cu(I)‐aniline coordination, which point to the coexistence of multiple structures in solution. Experiments also revealed solvent‐dependent and temperature‐dependent coordination. The agreement of the collected spectral data with literature implied single ethylene coordination, whereas the Cl − ion likely remained coordinated with Cu(I). Solvent interference prohibited detailed investigation of IR spectra, but 1 H NMR spectroscopy showed more promise as an analytical technique for the NMP‐CuCl‐aniline‐ethylene system. Finally, a tradeoff appears to exist between ethylene capacity and complex stability, and thus, an optimal ligand must be found that balances these two competing needs. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2011
Adsorption of human IgG on Cu2+-immobilized cellulose affinity membrane: Preliminary study (2000)

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) is widely used. Transition metal ions have a high affinity to some peptide sequences. We have studied the selective adsorption of human IgG from a mixture of albumin, gamma-globulin, fibrinogen, and IgG onto Cu(2+) ion-immobilized cellulose membrane. Although Cu(2+) ligand is selective to IgG, in general gamma-globulins also are adsorbed. The simplicity and lower cost of Cu(2+) ion-immobilized cellulose membranes may be useful for removing IgG from blood.
[The role of metalloproteinases in psoriasis]. (2005)

Metalloproteinases play a crucial role in the destruction processes related to inflammation and carcinogenesis as well as in wound healing, morphogenesis and growth. Destruction of extracellular matrix proteins related to these enzymes activity and following damage of basement membranes favour angiogenesis and inflammatory infiltrations in psoriasis. Metalloproteina-ses activity can be controlled on different levels: genetic expression, enzyme activation or its inhibition. In this paper we discuss recently discovered role of metalloproteinases in the pathogenesis of skin diseases, including psoriasis. The most interesting seems to be results of research on possible application of metalloproteinases inhibitors in psoriasis treatment and usefulness of these enzymes measurement in the management of this disease.
Penetration of sulbactam-ampicillin and clavulanic acid-amoxicillin into the pelvic peritoneum (1985)

Sixteen patients were given single intravenous injections of ampicillin (0.5 g) with sulbactam (0.5 g), and 15 patients were given amoxicillin (1 g) with clavulanic acid (0.2 g) before elective laparoscopy. At 2 h after dosing, the concentrations of the four compounds in serum and in the peritoneal fluid from the Pouch of Douglas and the ratio of each combination reached levels shown to be effective for antimicrobial activity in vitro.
S‐nitrosoglutathione‐containing hydrogel accelerates rat cutaneous wound repair (2007)

Topical application of GSNO-containing hydrogel during the early phases of rat cutaneous wound repair accelerates wound closure and re-epithelialization and affects granulation tissue organization.
Local Unfolding Is Required for the Site-Specific Protein Modification by Transglutaminase (2012)

The transglutaminase (TGase) from Streptomyces mobaraensis catalyzes transamidation reactions in a protein substrate leading to the modification of the side chains of Gln and Lys residues according to the A-CONH(2) + H(2)N-B → A-CONH-B + NH(3) reaction, where both A and B can be a protein or a ligand. A noteworthy property of TGase is its susbstrate specificity, so that often only a few specific Gln or Lys residues can be modified in a globular protein. The molecular features of a globular protein dictating the site-specific reactions mediated by TGase are yet poorly understood. Here, we have analyzed the reactivity toward TGase of apomyoglobin (apoMb), α-lactalbumin (α-LA), and fragment 205-316 of thermolysin. These proteins are models of protein structure and folding that have been studied previously using the limited proteolysis technique to unravel regions of local unfolding in their amino acid sequences. The three proteins were modified by TGase at the level of Gln or Lys residues with dansylcadaverine or carbobenzoxy-l-glutaminylglycine, respectively. Despite these model proteins containing several Gln and Lys residues, the sites of TGase derivatization occur over restricted chain regions of the protein substrates. In particular, the TGase-mediated modifications occur in the "helix F" region in apoMb, in the β-domain in apo-α-LA in its molten globule state, and in the N-terminal region in fragment 205-316 of thermolysin. Interestingly, the sites of limited proteolysis are located in the same chain regions of these proteins, thus providing a clear-cut demonstration that chain flexibility or local unfolding overwhelmingly dictates the site-specific modification by both TGase and a protease.
Particle-size distribution of particles from 10 to 2000 microns by sedimentation analysis (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParticle-size distribution of particles from 10 to 2000 microns by sedimentation analysisLamont C. Bate and Frank F. DyerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 2, 468–470Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60258a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60258a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic modulation of hypoxia induced gene expression and angiogenesis relevance to brain tumors (2003)

Angiogenesis is required for the development and biologic progression of infiltrative astrocytomas and takes the form of "microvascular hyperplasia" in glioblastoma multiforme, the most malignant astrocytoma. This pathologic term refers to an abnormal vascular proliferation that is often associated with necrosis and likely originates in hypoxic zones. Both the physiologic response to hypoxia and genetic alterations contribute to this process. The presence of hypoxic regions within an expanding tumor mass leads to upregulation of pro-angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), through increased activity of the transcriptional complex HIF-1 (hypoxia-inducible factor-1). HIF-1 mediated gene expression may be directly or indirectly modulated by alterations in oncogenes/tumor suppressor genes that occur during astrocytoma development, including PTEN, TP53, p16(CDKN2A), p14ARF, EGFR, and PDGFR. Genetic alterations are also believed to influence the HIF-independent expression of pro- and anti- angiogenic factors, such as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), respectively. Thus, genetic events that occur during the progression of infiltrating astrocytomas promote angiogenesis, both by modulating hypoxia induced gene expression and by regulating of pro- and anti- angiogenic factors.
Versatile waveguide polarizer incorporating an ultrathin discontinuous silver film (1992)

We demonstrate the first transverse magnetic (TM) pass waveguide polarizer suitable for integrated optic or fiber optic geometries. The polarizing properties of waveguides incorporating an ultrathin discontinuous silver film are due to excitation of a localized surface plasmon mode. The polarizers have a large bandwidth (≳100 nm), high extinction ratios, and do not rely on sensitive phase matching conditions. We illustrate these novel polarizing properties on ion-exchanged planar waveguides overlayed with a 5-nm-mass thick silver film. The measured extinction ratio was 35 dB/mm at 836 nm with 2 dB/mm loss for the TM polarization. The theoretical analysis of the film properties and waveguide propagation losses is compared with the experiments.
BENZENESULFONYLGUANIDINES<sup>1</sup> (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBENZENESULFONYLGUANIDINES1H. T. Clarke and H. B. GillespieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 5, 1964–1968Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01344a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01344a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mercury Detection by Means of Thin Gold Films (1972)

The adsorption of elemental mercury vapor on a thin (several hundred angstroms) gold film produces resistance changes in the film. An instrument for the detection of mercury based on this phenomenon is simple and rapid and requires no chemical separations other than passage of the vapor sample through a few standard dry filters. The instrument is portable, and the technique is directly applicable to environmental problems and geochemical prospecting. The limit of detection of the prototype instrument is 0.05 nanogram of mercury.
Base station transmitter antenna arrays with mobile to base feedback (2002)

A central base station simultaneously communicates with several mobile users by allocating a separate time or frequency channel for each mobile to prevent undesired crosstalk. However, each time or frequency channel may be reused among several mobiles by means of an antenna array at the base station which points a separate beam at each user. The downlink beamformer would normally operate in an "open loop" mode, in which the base steers a mainlobe in the direction of each mobile. Such a system may operate effectively in a free space environment with no multipath. In the presence of scattering, open loop methods will not perform adequately. A new "closed loop" technique is presented in which each mobile user feeds back to the base estimates of the received signal amplitudes. Using feedback, the base station can achieve precision beamforming resulting in lower crosstalk and improved signal separation even in the presence of strong scattering environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optical Properties of Microalgae for Enhanced Biofuels Production (2007)

Research seeks to alter the optical properties of microalgae in order to improve solar-to-biofuels energy conversion efficiency in mass cultures under bright sunlight conditions. Article not available.
Scope consistency (1996)

Systems that maintain coherence at large granularity, such as shared virtual memory systems, suffer from false sharing and extra communication. Relaxed memory consistency models have been used to alleviate these problems, but at a cost in programming complexity. Release Consistency (RC) and Lazy Release Consistency (LRC) are accepted to offer a reasonable tradeoff between performance and programming complexity. Entry Consistency (EC) offers a more relaxed consistency model, but it requires explicit association of shared data objects with synchronization variables. The programming burden of providing such associations can be substantial.