gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The electrical properties of molten AgX-Ag<sub>2</sub>Se (X = Br, I) mixtures (2000)

The electrical conductivity, , and thermopower, S , of molten (AgX)1-c (Ag2 Se)c mixtures (X = Br, I) have been measured as a function of temperature. The conductivity of the mixture is observed to decrease rapidly on the addition of AgX to Ag2 Se and reaches a minimum on the AgX side. The thermopower on the Ag2 Se side decreases gradually as the concentration of AgX increases until c= ~0.4 at which point there is rapid change to large positive thermopowers. The value of S (+325 µV K-1(AgBr), +420 µV K-1(AgI)) on the AgX rich side decreases rapidly on addition of Ag2 Se with the result that a minimum value of S (~-125 µV K-1 ) is observed at the composition c= ~0.4 in both mixtures. A discussion of these results is presented in terms of the change from predominantly electronic transport in liquid Ag2 Se to the predominantly ionic transport in AgX. The increasing importance of the contribution of the inhomogeneous thermopower to the total thermopower of the salt rich compositions is also discussed. The decrease in the electronic conductivity with composition for c 0.6 is analysed in terms of the Kubo-Greenwood equations.
Interaction of several nucleoside triphosphate analogues and 10-hydroxycamptothecin with human DNA topoisomerases. (1989)

DNA topoisomerase I (Topo I) can exist in several different molecular weight forms in human leukemic cells. The Mr 98,000 form of Topo I was inhibited by several nucleoside triphosphates and their analogues at a 500 microM concentration in the order: dideoxy-GTP greater than 2-bromo-dATP greater than dideoxy-ATP greater than dideoxy-CTP greater than 2-fluoro-dATP greater than 2-chloro-dATP. The same concentration of these nucleoside triphosphates also inhibited the Mr 32,000 and the Mr 35,000 Topo I forms in the order: 2-bromo-dATP greater than dideoxy-GTP greater than 2-fluoro-dATP greater than dideoxy-ATP; however, dideoxy-CTP and 2-chloro-dATP did not inhibit these forms. ATP inhibited both the large and the small molecular weight forms of Topo I at a concentration of 8 mM. DNA topoisomerase II (Topo II) isolated from human leukemic cells requires ATP for its activity. Of the nucleoside triphosphates examined, only dATP could substitute for ATP. In the presence of 500 microM ATP, equimolar concentrations of 2-bromo-dATP, dideoxy-ATP, 2-chloro-dATP, 2-fluoro-dATP, and dideoxy-GTP nucleotide analogues inhibited the unknotting activity of the Topo II enzyme. When the nucleotide analogue concentration was decreased to 250 microM, only 2-bromo-dATP still had a significant inhibitory effect on Topo II. With the exception of 2-bromo-dATP, the analogues studied appeared to inhibit the nicking step of both the Topo I and Topo II enzyme activity. These results differ from previously described mechanisms of inhibition by camptothecin of Topo I and etoposide of Topo II. These enzymatic studies suggest the inhibition of Topo I and Topo II activities could contribute to the cytotoxicity of the respective nucleoside analogues in cell culture, particularly when high concentrations of these nucleoside analogues accumulate as triphosphates inside the cells.
Surgery for Degenerative Lumbar Spondylosis: Updated Cochrane Review (2005)

No conclusions are possible about the relative effectiveness of anterior, posterior, or circumferential fusion. The preliminary results of three small trials of intradiscal electrotherapy suggest it is ineffective, except possibly in highly selected patients. Preliminary data from three trials of disc arthroplasty do not permit firm conclusions.
A Novel <i>Giardia lamblia</i> Nitroreductase, GlNR1, Interacts with Nitazoxanide and Other Thiazolides (2007)

The nitrothiazole analogue nitazoxanide [NTZ; 2-acetolyloxy-N-(5-nitro-2-thiazolyl)benzamide] represents the parent compound of a class of drugs referred to as thiazolides and exhibits a broad spectrum of activities against a wide variety of helminths, protozoa, and enteric bacteria infecting animals and humans. NTZ and other thiazolides are active against a wide range of other intracellular and extracellular protozoan parasites in vitro and in vivo, but their mode of action and respective subcellular target(s) have only recently been investigated. In order to identify potential targets of NTZ and other thiazolides in Giardia lamblia trophozoites, we have developed an affinity chromatography system using the deacetylated derivative of NTZ, tizoxanide (TIZ), as a ligand. Affinity chromatography on TIZ-agarose using cell extracts of G. lamblia trophozoites resulted in the isolation of an approximately 35-kDa polypeptide, which was identified by mass spectrometry as a nitroreductase (NR) homologue (EAA43030.1). NR was overexpressed as a six-histidine-tagged recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, purified, and then characterized using an assay for oxygen-insensitive NRs with dinitrotoluene as a substrate. This demonstrated that the NR was functionally active, and the protein was designated GlNR1. In this assay system, NR activity was severely inhibited by NTZ and other thiazolides, demonstrating that the antigiardial activity of these drugs could be, at least partially, mediated through inhibition of GlNR1.
Differential Protein Kinase C-dependent Modulation of Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 Subunits of Vascular Kv7 Channels (2013)

The Kv7 family (Kv7.1-7.5) of voltage-activated potassium channels contributes to the maintenance of resting membrane potential in excitable cells. Previously, we provided pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence that Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 form predominantly heteromeric channels and that Kv7 activity is regulated by protein kinase C (PKC) in response to vasoconstrictors in vascular smooth muscle cells. Direct evidence for Kv7.4/7.5 heteromer formation, however, is lacking. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether both subunits are regulated by PKC. Utilizing proximity ligation assays to visualize single molecule interactions, we now show that Kv7.4/Kv.7.5 heteromers are endogenously expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells. Introduction of dominant-negative Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 subunits in mesenteric artery myocytes reduced endogenous Kv7 currents by 84 and 76%, respectively. Expression of an inducible protein kinase Cα (PKCα) translocation system revealed that PKCα activation is sufficient to suppress endogenous Kv7 currents in A7r5 rat aortic and mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. Arginine vasopressin (100 and 500 pm) and the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (1 nm) each inhibited human (h) Kv7.5 and hKv7.4/7.5, but not hKv7.4 channels expressed in A7r5 cells. A decrease in hKv7.5 and hKv7.4/7.5 current densities was associated with an increase in PKC-dependent phosphorylation of the channel proteins. These findings provide further evidence for a differential regulation of Kv7.4 and Kv7.5 channel subunits by PKC-dependent phosphorylation and new mechanistic insights into the role of heteromeric subunit assembly for regulation of vascular Kv7 channels.
Managing medical research data with a Web-Interfacing Repository Manager. (1997)

This paper describes the Web-Interfacing Repository Manager (WIRM), a perl toolkit for managing and deploying multimedia data, which is built entirely from free, platform-independent components. The WIRM consists of an object-relational API layered over a relational database, with built-in support for file management and CGI programming. The basic underlying data structure for all WIRM data is the repository object, a perl associative array whose values are bound to a row of a table in the relational database. Based on our experience implementing a target application (the Brain Mapper Console), we describe five stages through which a system passes as it evolves from a primitive file hierarchy to a full-fledged repository console.
Assessment of tennis elbow using the Marcy Wedge-Pro. (1993)

The Marcy Wedge-Pro (MWP), a device used in training by tennis players, was employed in the assessment of tennis elbow. The MWP was used to measure the ability of patients to perform wrist extension exercises, since pain resulting from this specific activity is a prominent symptom of the condition. The MWP results were compared with clinical measures and found to identify accurately patients who responded to treatment (P < 0.05). This study illustrates the potential of the MWP to assess tennis elbow quantitatively.
Extremely high-NA high-throughput-scanner-compatible 4-kHz KrF excimer laser for DUV lithography (2001)

KrF excimer laser lithography has applications for the less-than-130-nm-design rule by improving the exposure technology, i.e., super-resolution technology. We therefore developed a 4-kHz KrF excimer laser which corresponds to the next generation's high throughput and high number of aperture (NA) scanner requirements, and achieved low cost of operation (CoO) for this light source for mass production uses. We estimated the basic performance requirements of our device, and developed the necessary high repetition rate operation technology that corresponds to a high throughput scanner, and achieved 4-kHz/30-W laser output. We also developed pulse stretching technology for ultra line narrowing, which can accommodate the high NA lens, and achieved more than 30 ns pulse width (Tis). We can thus expect less than 0.45-pm spectral bandwidth (FWHM). Moreover, the relation of the repetition rate operation and main module life was evaluated, and the optimal repetition frequency, which considers CoO, was adopted.
Cyclic ADP-ribose is a second messenger in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated proliferation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (2003)

Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR), a universal calcium mobilizer from intracellular stores, was recently demonstrated to stimulate proliferation of various cell types. The role of cADPR in a specific process of monocyte- and plasma-mediated activation of T-lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was addressed using human mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs). Incubation of PBMCs with 0.1 microg/ml of LPS for 24 h provided a doubling in the intracellular levels of cADPR as compared with unstimulated PBMCs. The cADPR increase was abolished either by prior removal of monocytes or by pre-incubating a whole PBMC population with a monoclonal antibody against the monocyte marker CD14. The increased concentrations of intracellular cADPR elicited by LPS stimulation were paralleled by significant increases in NAD+ levels and in the activities of ectocellular and membrane-bound fractions of ADP-ribosyl cyclase/cADPR hydrolase activities. A cytosolic ADP-ribosyl cyclase was also detectable in PBMCs and its activity was comparably enhanced by LPS stimulation. This soluble cyclase is distinguished from the membrane-bound cyclase by both substrate and inhibitor sensitivities. LPS-stimulated PBMCs showed 2-3-fold increases of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i), and these changes were prevented completely by the cADPR antagonist 8-Br-cADPR and by ryanodine. Both compounds, and the cyclase inhibitor nicotinamide, significantly inhibited the T-lymphocyte proliferation induced by LPS in PBMCs. These results demonstrate that cADPR plays a role of second messenger in the adaptive immune recognition process of LPS-stimulated proliferation of PBMCs.
The Bacillus subtilis dnaC gene encodes a protein homologous to the DnaB helicase of Escherichia coli (1995)

Within the region of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome assigned to us in the genome sequencing project, we found a gene, the product of which is similar to the DnaB protein (replicative DNA helicase) of Escherichia coli. Three B. subtilis dna gene mutations, dnaC30 and ts56 causing defects in elongation and ts199 causing a defect in the initiation of replication, were mapped in the gene by transformation and DNA sequencing. Both dnaC30 and ts56 have been located near the amino-terminal end of the B. subtilis DnaC protein. In contrast, ts199 has been located near the carboxy-terminal of the protein. Our results indicate that the B. subtilis dnaC gene encodes a counterpart of the E. coli dnaB helicase.
Source Directivity and Spatial Audio for Interactive Wave-based Sound Propagation (2014)

Presented at the 20th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2014), June 22-25, 2014, New York, NY.
Investigation of the Effect of Tablet Surface Area/Volume on Drug Release from Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose Controlled-Release Matrix Tablets (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of tablet surface area/volume (SA/Vol) on drug release from controlled-release matrix tablets containing hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Soluble drugs (promethazine HCl, diphenhydramine HCl, and propranolol HCl) were utilized in this study to give predominantly diffusion-controlled release. Drug release from HPMC matrix tablets with similar values of SA/Vol was comparable within the same tablet shape (i.e., flat-faced round tablets) and among different shapes (i.e., oval, round concave, flat-faced beveled-edge, and flat-faced round tablets). Tablets having the same surface area but different SA/Vol values did not result in similar drug release; tablets with larger SA/Vol values hadfaster release profiles. Utility of SA/Vol to affect drug release was demonstrated by changing drug doses, and altering tablet shape to adjust SA/Vol. When SA/Vol was held constant, similar release profiles were obtained with f2 metric values greater than 70. Thus, surface area/volume is one of the key variables in controlling drug release from HPMC matrix tablets. Proper use of this variable has practical application by formulators who may need to duplicate drug release profiles from tablets of different sizes and different shapes.
The focusing of an ion beam from a quadrupole mass filter using an electrostatic octopole lens (1978)

A new very simple method of focusing an ion beam from a quadrupole mass filter has been devised. Using an electrostatic octopole lens it is possible to obtain narrow, high-intensity, low-energy ion beams suitable for use in beam studies of ion-molecule reactions. Only two voltages are necessary to focus the beam unless operating near the space charge limit. It was found that beam intensities and angles are limited only by space charge effects. The system is very much easier to operate than a magnetic sector mass spectrometer and retarding lens, and its performance is equal to and in some respects better than that of the magnetic sector.
Characterization of a Novel Magnetic Tracking System (2007)

A tracking system for determining the five-degrees-of-freedom position and orientation of a cylindrical permanent magnet was developed. The system consists of a planar array of 27 Hall effect magnetic sensors, interface electronics, and computer. A magnet is modeled by an ideal magnetic dipole. The closed-form solution for the magnetic flux density of the magnetic dipole was used with a Levenberg-Marquardt optimization algorithm to determine the coordinates of the dipole. The system was characterized using Nd-Fe-B magnets (n=5,B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =14.25plusmn0.25 kG, 2.00-mm diameter D, and 5.00-mm length L and n=5,B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> =13.1plusmn0.1 kG, 4.55-mm D, and 6.35-mm L). The axis of each magnet was first aligned perpendicular to the center of the sensor array, and an automated positioner moved the magnet away from the array perpendicular to its face. Voltage data was collected from the 27 sensors at each 1-mm interval along this direction out to 150 mm for the smaller magnets and 300 mm for the larger magnets. Sensor offset and environmental magnetic flux density were measured after each test. A coordinate measurement machine verified the position and orientation of the magnets. A useful range of 100 mm from the array was determined for all magnets tested. Within this range, the position of smaller magnets along the axis of motion were determined with maximum error of 1.8 mm, while their position in the two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the axis of motion were determined with maximum error of 5.3 mm; the position of larger magnets along the axis of motion were determined with maximum error of 0.8 mm, while their position in the two orthogonal directions were determined with maximum error of 3.8 mm; and the maximum error in orientation for all magnets tested was 4.2deg
Stable Structures of Fe Nanowires on Cu(111) (2003)

We investigate various possible stable structures of Fe nanowires on Cu(111), based on the density functional theory. We find that the most stable configuration corresponds to the case when all the Fe atoms lie in a plane parallel to the surface and the wire takes a ferromagnetic state. We calculate the corresponding total energy as a function of the distance between the wire and the surface d, and find minimum energies at d=2.02 Å for the linear structures with ferromagnetic state, and d=2.03 Å for the zigzag structures with ferromagnetic state. On the basis of numerical results, we discuss the origin of this ferromagnetic state and structure.
Metallic Nanoislands on Graphene as Highly Sensitive Transducers of Mechanical, Biological, and Optical Signals (2016)

This article describes an effect based on the wetting transparency of graphene; the morphology of a metallic film (≤20 nm) when deposited on graphene by evaporation depends strongly on the identity of the substrate supporting the graphene. This control permits the formation of a range of geometries, such as tightly packed nanospheres, nanocrystals, and island-like formations with controllable gaps down to 3 nm. These graphene-supported structures can be transferred to any surface and function as ultrasensitive mechanical signal transducers with high sensitivity and range (at least 4 orders of magnitude of strain) for applications in structural health monitoring, electronic skin, measurement of the contractions of cardiomyocytes, and substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS, including on the tips of optical fibers). These composite films can thus be treated as a platform technology for multimodal sensing. Moreover, they are low profile, mechanically robust, semitransparent and have the potential for reproducible manufacturing over large areas.
Improving Accuracy and Simplifying Training in Fingerprinting-Based Indoor Location Algorithms at Room Level (2016)

Fingerprinting-based algorithms are popular in indoor location systems based on mobile devices. Comparing the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator) from different radio wave transmitters, such as Wi-Fi access points, with prerecorded fingerprints from located points (using different artificial intelligence algorithms), fingerprinting-based systems can locate unknown points with a few meters resolution. However, training the system with already located fingerprints tends to be an expensive task both in time and in resources, especially if large areas are to be considered. Moreover, the decision algorithms tend to be of high memory and CPU consuming in such cases and so does the required time for obtaining the estimated location for a new fingerprint. In this paper, we study, propose, and validate a way to select the locations for the training fingerprints which reduces the amount of required points while improving the accuracy of the algorithms when locating points at room level resolution. We present a comparison of different artificial intelligence decision algorithms and select those with better results. We do a comparison with other systems in the literature and draw conclusions about the improvements obtained in our proposal. Moreover, some techniques such as filtering nonstable access points for improving accuracy are introduced, studied, and validated.
Schedule Distributed Virtual Machines in a Service Oriented Environment (2010)

Virtual machines offer unique advantages to the scientific computing community, such as Quality of Service(QoS) guarantee, performance isolation, easy resource management, and the on-demand deployment of computing environments. Using virtual machines as a computing resource within a distributed environment, such as Service Oriented Architecture (SOA), creates a variety of new issues and challenges that must be overcome. Traditionally, parallel task scheduling algorithms only focus on handling CPU resources. Using of a virtual machine, however, requires the monitoring and management of additional resource properties. Additionally, CPU, memory, storage, and software licenses must also be considered within the scheduling algorithm. The objective of this paper is to address these challenges of a multi-dimensional scheduling algorithm for virtual machines within a SOA. To do this, we deploy a testbed SOA environment composed of virtual machines which are capable of being registered, indexed, allocated, accessed, and controlled by our new parallel task scheduling algorithm.
Neurochemical Studies in Aging Brain. I. Structural Changes in Myelin Lipids (1982)

Age-related changes in the lipid chemical composition and structure of myelin and myelin subfractions have been studied in the rat brain. Myelin subfractions with a content ranging from the more mature and compact lamellae to fractions containing earlier membrane fractions were isolated from mature, old, and aged animal groups. We found changes in cholesterol-phospholipid ratios and an increasing degree of unsaturation in the longest acyl chains of major myelin glycosphingolipids. These changes suggest that increased fluidity and decreased stability occurs with age in myelin.
The Impact of Communication Delay and Medium on Team Performance and Communication in Distributed Teams (2014)

Long duration space missions will involve communication delays of up to 20 minutes one way, a reality that will make it challenging for space crews and flight controllers to coordinate and pool their efforts, especially when unforeseen problems occur that may require extensive collaboration. The present study was conducted to examine how communication delay will impact distributed team performance, and whether communication media will moderate or exacerbate its effect. Method: Twenty-four teams of three were assigned the roles of space crewmember (2 participants) or flight controller (1 participant) and had to collaborate remotely on computer-based tasks simulating failures in the spacecraft’s life support system. Communication medium (text vs. voice) was a between-group variable; presence/absence of communication delay was a within-group variable. Performance variables included time to repair system failures and number of incorrect repairs. Audio-recordings of team members’ voice communications were transcribed and logs of their chats uploaded for further analysis. Results and discussion: Teams took significantly longer to repair system failures when team communication was asynchronous rather than synchronous. While communication medium had a significant effect when team interactions were synchronous, it had no differential impact under time-delayed conditions. Preliminary communication analyses suggest that under time-delayed conditions, successful teams in each media condition were those who adapted to the constraints of their communication medium to establish shared task understanding.