gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Call-Handling by an IMS-HNB Based Interactive eDoorbell (2010)

Available doorbell interphone systems are designed under the assumption that residents would be at home to enable the communication between them and their visitors. However, people spend a large fraction of their time away from home, thus undermining the basic assumptions of existing doorbell solutions. Recent developments in 3GPP Home Node B (HNB or Femtocell) and home gateway technologies, along with the growing proliferation of smart-phones, can offer interesting opportunities for the design and development of innovative doorbell solutions. Along this line, the paper describes a 3GPP-enhanced eDoorbell application prototype that relies on IMS to enable video-based communication between visitors and (possibly remote available) home residents. In our prototype, the visibility of context information, such as current location of residents, their diary, and their personal preferences, provides solid basis for definition and enactment of customizable management policies that determine the best suited home resident whom to route the notification of a visit to. While the paper presents no experimental results, it aims at assisting organizations such as the Femto Forum or the ETSI TISPAN to identify the requirements for standards and the different methods used to implement HNB-based or Home Gateway-based services, respectively.
High Resolution<sup>1</sup>H NMR Investigations of the Reactivities of a-Keto Acid Anions with Hydrogen Peroxide (1997)

The chemical reactivity of various alpha-keto acid anions (beta-hydroxypyruvate, beta-phenylpyruvate, 2-ketobutyrate and 2-ketoglutarate) with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated at physiological pH (7.4) and a temperature of 25 degrees C. The initial concentration of the alpha-keto acid anions was kept constant at 1.00 mM whilst that of added H2O2 was varied from 0.25 to 1.00 mM, and the rate and extent of these reactions was evaluated using 1H NMR spectroscopy. At all H2O2 concentrations utilised, the order of reactivity of the alpha-keto acid anions was beta-hydroxypyruvate > beta-phenylpyruvate > 2-ketobutyrate > 2-ketoglutarate. The results obtained are in agreement with a proposed mechanism for these reactions, involving nucleophilic attack of the mono-deprotonated peroxide species (HO2-) at the C-2 carbonyl group carbon centre. The antioxidant capacity of such alpha-keto acids is discussed in terms of their potential use as therapeutic agents in clinical conditions where H2O2 has been shown to play a critical role in the disease process, i.e., those involving 'oxidative stress'.
Gain-of-function Chinese Hamster Ovary Mutants LEC18 and LEC14 Each Express a Novel N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase Activity (1998)

LEC18 and LEC14 cells are gain-of-function glycosylation mutants isolated from Chinese hamster ovary cells for resistance to pea lectin. Structural studies have shown that LEC18 cells synthesize complex N-glycans with a GlcNAc residue linked at the O-6 position of the core GlcNAc (Raju, T. S., Ray, M. K., and Stanley, P. (1995) J. Biol. Chem. 270, 30294-30302), whereas LEC14 cells synthesize complex N-glycans with a GlcNAc residue linked at the O-2 position of the core beta-linked Man residue (Raju, T. S., and Stanley, P. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 7484-7493). Both modifications are novel and have not been reported in glycoproteins from any other source. We now show that, in both LEC18 and LEC14 cells, GlcNAc transfer is mediated by a distinct N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GlcNAc-T) activity. The LEC18 activity, termed GlcNAc-TVIII, transfers GlcNAc to GlcNAcbeta1-O-pNP and to a GlcNAc-terminating, biantennary, complex N-glycan, with or without a core fucose. By contrast, the LEC14 transferase, termed GlcNAc-TVII, does not have significant activity with simple acceptors, and transfers GlcNAc preferentially to a GlcNAc-terminating biantennary glycopeptide that contains a core fucose residue. The acceptor specificities and other biochemical properties of GlcNAc-TVII and GlcNAc-TVIII differ from previously characterized GlcNAc-transferases including GlcNAc-TIII, indicating that they represent new members of the mammalian GlcNAc-T group of transferases.
Diagnosing Diagnosis Errors: Lessons from a Multi-institutional Collaborative Project (2005)

Background: Diagnosis errors are frequent and important, but represent an underemphasized and understudied area of patient safety. Diagnosis errors are challenging to detect and dissect. It is often difficult to agree whether an error has occurred, and even harder to determine with certainty its causes and consequence. The authors applied four safety paradigms: (1) diagnosis as part of a system, (2) less reliance on human memory, (3) need to open “breathing space ” to reflect and discuss, (4) multidisciplinary perspectives and collaboration. Methods: The authors reviewed literature on diagnosis errors and developed a taxonomy delineating stages in the diagnostic process: (1) access and presentation, (2) history taking/collection, (3) the physical exam, (4) testing, (5) assessment, (6) referral, and (7) followup. The taxonomy identifies where in the diagnostic process the failures occur. The authors used this approach to analyze diagnosis errors collected over a 3-year period of weekly case conferences and by a survey of physicians. Results: The authors summarize challenges encountered from their
Prediction of neuropsychiatric outcome following mild trauma brain injury: an examination of the Glasgow Coma Scale (2001)

The relationship between the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) and neuropsychiatric outcome was examined in 57 consecutive subjects with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) attending a follow-up clinic. Subjects were grouped according to initial GCS score (15 versus 13-14) and contrasted at an average of 5-6 months post-injury. As expected, those with GCS 13-14 had longer PTA (p = 0.001) and a higher rate of abnormal brain CT scans (p = 0.005). However, no significant differences emerged for indices of neuropsychiatric status, including measures of neurobehavioural symptoms/signs, overall psychological distress, psychiatric 'caseness', functional and psychosocial outcome, frequency of common somatic complaints, and rate of return to work. Subsidiary analyses based upon the presence/absence of CT abnormalities and the duration of PTA (<1 hour versus 1-24 hours) also failed to predict outcome, although a trend associating longer PTA with lower functional outcome was observed. Thus, despite early neurosurgical differences, the results suggest that initial GCS scores do not clearly translate into neuropsychiatric sequelae at follow-up within the rubric of GCS 13-15.
'Squeeze & excite' guided few-shot segmentation of volumetric images. (2020)

Deep neural networks enable highly accurate image segmentation, but require large amounts of manually annotated data for supervised training. Few-shot learning aims to address this shortcoming by learning a new class from a few annotated support examples. We introduce, a novel few-shot framework, for the segmentation of volumetric medical images with only a few annotated slices. Compared to other related works in computer vision, the major challenges are the absence of pre-trained networks and the volumetric nature of medical scans. We address these challenges by proposing a new architecture for few-shot segmentation that incorporates 'squeeze & excite' blocks. Our two-armed architecture consists of a conditioner arm, which processes the annotated support input and generates a task-specific representation. This representation is passed on to the segmenter arm that uses this information to segment the new query image. To facilitate efficient interaction between the conditioner and the segmenter arm, we propose to use 'channel squeeze & spatial excitation' blocks - a light-weight computational module - that enables heavy interaction between both the arms with negligible increase in model complexity. This contribution allows us to perform image segmentation without relying on a pre-trained model, which generally is unavailable for medical scans. Furthermore, we propose an efficient strategy for volumetric segmentation by optimally pairing a few slices of the support volume to all the slices of the query volume. We perform experiments for organ segmentation on whole-body contrast-enhanced CT scans from the Visceral Dataset. Our proposed model outperforms multiple baselines and existing approaches with respect to the segmentation accuracy by a significant margin. The source code is available at https://github.com/abhi4ssj/few-shot-segmentation.
Ultrasonic Lenses and Transmission Plates (1945)

Solid lenses of high efficiency are described for the concentration towards a focus of ultrasonic waves travelling through a liquid. In addition, `contact lenses' and `transmission plates' are contrived and developed for the low-loss transmission of ultrasonics from one medium into another.
Light emitting diode (LED) as a source of monochromatic light: a novel lighting approach for immunity and meat quality of poultry (2014)

AbstractThe use of light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a source of monochromatic light to determine its impact on immunity and meat quality in poultry is investigated in the current review. The use of LEDs in poultry housing is preferred over other conventional light sources. LEDs emitting blue, green and yellow wavelength have been shown to improve the immunity and meat quality responses in broilers. Blue and green light help to promote greater antibody production and immune function, compared to red light. Keeping birds under yellow and green-blue mixed lighting has resulted in softer breast and drumstick muscles while white light improved lean meat and amino acid content of meat. From the available research it can be inferred that birds perform better in terms of meat quality and immunity if reared under the environment of monochromatic light produced by LED for cost-effective and advanced poultry production.Keywords:: light emitting diode (LED)layingimmunitymeat qualitypoultry
Reliable storage and querying for collaborative data sharing systems (2010)

The sciences, business confederations, and medicine urgently need infrastructure for sharing data and updates among collaborators' constantly changing, heterogeneous databases. The ORCHESTRA system addresses these needs by providing data transformation and exchange capabilities across DBMSs, combined with archived storage of all database versions. ORCHESTRA adopts a peer-to-peer architecture in which individual collaborators contribute data and compute resources, but where there may be no dedicated server or compute cluster. We study how to take the combined resources of Orchestra's autonomous nodes, as well as PCs from "cloud" services such as Amazon EC2, and provide reliable, cooperative storage and query processing capabilities. We guarantee reliability and correctness as in distributed or cloud DBMSs, while also supporting cross-domain deployments, replication, and transparent failover, as provided by peer-to-peer systems. Our storage and query subsystem supports dozens to hundreds of nodes across different domains, possibly including nodes on cloud services. Our contributions include (1) a modified data partitioning substrate that combines cluster and peer-to-peer techniques, (2) an efficient implementation of replicated, reliable, versioned storage of relational data, (3) new query processing and indexing techniques over this storage layer, and (4) a mechanism for incrementally recomputing query results that ensures correct, complete, and duplicate-free results in the event of node failure during query execution. We experimentally validate query processing performance, failure detection methods, and the performance benefits of incremental recovery in a prototype implementation.
A computational model on the modulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Akt pathways in heregulin-induced ErbB signalling (2003)

ErbB tyrosine kinase receptors mediate mitogenic signal cascade by binding a variety of ligands and recruiting the different cassettes of adaptor proteins. In the present study, we examined heregulin (HRG)-induced signal transduction of ErbB4 receptor and found that the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway negatively regulated the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade by phosphorylating Raf-1 on Ser(259). As the time-course kinetics of Akt and ERK activities seemed to be transient and complex, we constructed a mathematical simulation model for HRG-induced ErbB4 receptor signalling to explain the dynamics of the regulation mechanism in this signal transduction cascade. The model reflected well the experimental results observed in HRG-induced ErbB4 cells and in other modes of growth hormone-induced cell signalling that involve Raf-Akt cross-talk. The model suggested that HRG signalling is regulated by protein phosphatase 2A as well as Raf-Akt cross-talk, and protein phosphatase 2A modulates the kinase activity in both the PI3K-Akt and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathways.
Anion-Exchange Reactions of Layered Double Hydroxides: Interplay between Coulombic and H-Bonding Interactions (2009)

The NO3−- and Cl−-containing layered double hydroxides (LDHs) of Mg with Al interact weakly with anions in solution under equilibrated conditions and yield a type V isotherm. The uptake of anions under nonequilibrated conditions varies monotonically with the layer charge when the outgoing anion is NO3−, whereas it goes through a maximum when the outgoing anion is Cl−. These observations suggest that Coulombic interactions play a dominant role in Cl−-LDHs, whereas weak interactions governing the mode of intercalation of NO3− ions influence the exchange reactions of NO3−-LDHs. These studies have significant implications for the remediation of insidious anions by LDHs.
Glycosylhydrazine, 3. Pyrazolo[3,4‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐nucleoside (1977)

Abstract Aus den Ribose‐hydrazonen 1 bzw. 2 und den (Alkoxymethylen)‐ bzw. (Aminomethylen)cyanessigsäure‐Derivaten 3 wurden regio‐ und stereoselektiv die Pyrazol‐nucleoside 6 und 14 dargestellt. In einer Eintopfreaktion wurden außerdem bei der Umsetzung von 2 mit 3d unter Bildung des geschützten Allopurinolribosids 15 drei Ringe und ein Chiralitätszentrum selektiv aufgebaut. 15 , das Analoge 9 und das entsprechende 4‐Aminopyrazolopyrimidin‐nucleosid 13 ließen sich besser durch unabhängige Angliederung eines Pyrimidinringes an 6 bzw. 14 auf verschiedenen Wegen erhalten. Schutzgruppenabspaltung machte das biologisch bedeutende Allopurinolribosid 11 und das 4‐Aminoanaloge 8 bequem zugänglich.
Tillage and Rotation Interactions for Corn and Soybean Grain Yield as Affected by Precipitation and Air Temperature (2004)

Reduced tillage, including no‐till, and crop rotation are common practices for corn ( Zea mays L.) and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] production in the Midwest. Benefits of no‐till vary with latitude and cropping system. This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of seasonal temperature and precipitation on the effects of primary tillage (plow, disk, chisel, subsoil, ridge‐till, and no‐till) and rotated and continuous corn and soybean production under rainfed conditions over 16 yr in southeastern Nebraska. Corn and soybean produced less grain with greater summer temperatures. Corn yield increased with less spring and more summer rainfall. Tillage and rotation practices affected corn grain yield; but only rotation affected soybean yield. Corn produced less grain with no‐till than with plow. The tillage × year interaction was significant for both crops; the yield advantage for plow was less during seasons with warmer springs. Soybean grain yield was less responsive to favorable environments with the chisel than other tillage treatments. Grain yield was greater with rotation than continuous cropping for both corn (7.10 vs. 5.83 Mg ha −1 ) and soybean (2.57 vs. 2.35 Mg ha −1 ). The benefit of rotation in terms of grain yield was greatest for corn during years with cool springs. The benefit of rotation for soybean grain yield did not vary with weather conditions. Seasonal temperature and rainfall patterns influenced the effects of tillage and rotation on corn yield. In contrast, for soybean, only the pattern of temperature influenced the effect of tillage on yield.
Combating time synchronization attack (2013)

A novel time synchronization attack (TSA) on wide area monitoring systems in smart grid has been identified recently. A cross layer detection mechanism is proposed to combat TSA in this paper. In the physical layer, we propose a GPS carrier carrier to noise ratio (C/No) based spoofing detection technique. In addition, a patch-monopole hybrid antenna is applied to receive GPS signal. By computing the standard deviation of the C/No difference from two GPS receivers, the a priori probability of spoofing detection is fed to the upper layer, where power system state is estimated and controlled. A trustworthiness based evaluation method is applied to identify the PMU being under TSA. Both the physical layer and upper layer algorithms are integrated to detect the TSA, thus forming a cross layer mechanism. Experiment is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed TSA detection algorithm.
Analysis of mutations in trfA, the replication initiation gene of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2 (1992)

Plasmids with mutations in trfA, the gene encoding the replication initiation protein of the broad-host-range plasmid RK2, were isolated and characterized. Mutants identified from a nitrosoguanidine bank were defective in supporting the replication of a wild-type RK2 origin in Escherichia coli. Most of the mutations were clustered in a region of trfA corresponding to the carboxy-terminal quarter of the TrfA protein. 5' and 3' deletion mutants of trfA were also constructed. A C-terminal deletion of three amino acids of the Tr A protein was completely nonfunctional for RK2 replication. However, a deletion of 25 amino acids from the start of the 33-kDa TrfA protein was still competent for replication. Further characterization of the point and deletion trfA mutants in vivo revealed that a subset was capable of supporting RK2 replication in other gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas putida, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and Azotobacter vinelandii. Selected mutant TrfA proteins were partially purified and characterized in vitro. Velocity sedimentation analysis of these partially purified TrfA proteins indicated that the wild-type protein and all mutant TrfA proteins examined exist as dimers in solution. Results from in vitro replication assays corroborated the experimental findings in vivo. Gel retardation results clearly indicated that the point mutant TrfA-33:151S, which was completely defective in replication of an RK2 origin in all of the bacterial hosts tested in vivo, and a carboxy-terminal deletion mutant, TrfA-33:C delta 305, were not able to bind iterons in vitro. In addition to the partially defective or could not be distinguished from the wild-type protein in binding to the origin region. The mutant proteins with apparently normal DNA-binding activity in vitro either were inactive in all four gram-negative bacteria tested or exhibited differences in functionality depending on the host organism. These mutant TrfA proteins may be altered in the ability to interact with the replication proteins of the specific host bacterium.
Reservoir Targeted Vaccine Against Borrelia burgdorferi: A New Strategy to Prevent Lyme Disease Transmission (2014)

A high prevalence of infection with Borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid ticks is correlated with a high incidence of Lyme disease. The transmission of B. burgdorferi to humans can be disrupted by targeting 2 key elements in its enzootic cycle: the reservoir host and the tick vector. In a prospective 5-year field trial, we show that oral vaccination of wild white-footed mice resulted in outer surface protein A-specific seropositivity that led to reductions of 23% and 76% in the nymphal infection prevalence in a cumulative, time-dependent manner (2 and 5 years, respectively), whereas the proportion of infected ticks recovered from control plots varied randomly over time. Significant decreases in tick infection prevalence were observed within 3 years of vaccine deployment. Implementation of such a long-term public health measure could substantially reduce the risk of human exposure to Lyme disease.
An overview of MetaMap: historical perspective and recent advances (2010)

MetaMap is a widely available program providing access to the concepts in the unified medical language system (UMLS) Metathesaurus from biomedical text. This study reports on MetaMap's evolution over more than a decade, concentrating on those features arising out of the research needs of the biomedical informatics community both within and outside of the National Library of Medicine. Such features include the detection of author-defined acronyms/abbreviations, the ability to browse the Metathesaurus for concepts even tenuously related to input text, the detection of negation in situations in which the polarity of predications is important, word sense disambiguation (WSD), and various technical and algorithmic features. Near-term plans for MetaMap development include the incorporation of chemical name recognition and enhanced WSD.
Fuzzy Logic Inference Neural Networks (1990)

Fuzzy Logic has gained increased attention as a methodology for managing uncertainty in a rule-based structure. In a fuzzy logic inference system, more rules can fire at any given time than in a crisp expert system and since the propositions are modelled as possibility distributions, there is a considerable computation load on the inference engine. In this paper, two neural network structures are proposed as a means of performing fuzzy logic inference. In the first structure, the knowledge of the rule (i.e., the antecedent and consequent clauses) are explicitly encoded in the weights of the net, whereas the second network in trained by example. Both theoretical properties and simulation results of these structures are included.
Continuous Non-Negative Matrix Factorization For Time-Dependent Data (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
Dolphin - Flexibility for submarine research and development (1977)

The USS DOLPHIN (AGSS-555) is the U. S. Navy's deep-diving research submarine designed to test advanced submarine structures, sensors, weapons and machinery systems. Purely experimental in nature, she serves as a platform for scientific investigation at unprecedented depths for a fully operational and independent submarine. Utilizing its large payload (over 11 metric tons) and highly versatile instrumentation suit, many civilian and Navy activities have employed DOLPHIN for testing a multitude of technologically advanced and complex equipments. DOLPHIN operates as a unit of the U. S. Submarine Force, U. S. Pacific Fleet, under Commander, Submarine Development Group ONE. Long-range project planning is performed by the DOLPHIN Advisory Group of the Naval Sea Systems Command in Washington, D. C. Technical project guidance and local scheduling/ coordination is handled by the DOLPHIN Project Branch of the Naval Ocean Systems Center in San Diego, where DOLPHIN is homeported.