gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Discovery of Confounders in Large Data Sets (2009)

Given a large transaction database, association analysis is concerned with efficiently finding strongly related objects. Unlike traditional associate analysis, where relationships among variables are searched at a global level, we examine confounding factors at a local level. Indeed, many real-world phenomena are localized to specific regions and times. These relationships may not be visible when the entire data set is analyzed. Specially, confounding effects that change the direction of correlation is the most significant. Along this line, we propose to efficiently find confounding effects attributable to local associations. Specifically, we derive an upper bound by a necessary condition of confounders, which can help us prune the search space and efficiently identify confounders. Experimental results show that the proposed CONFOUND algorithm can effectively identify confounders and the computational performance is an order of magnitude faster than benchmark methods.
Mechanical Properties of Glass and Steel Fiber Reinforced Mortar (1976)

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Engineering Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotube Growth by Decoupled Thermal Treatment of Precursor and Catalyst (2009)

We study synthesis of vertically aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) "forests" by a decoupled method that facilitates control of the mean diameter and structural quality of the CNTs and enables tuning of the kinetics for efficient growth to forest heights of several millimeters. The growth substrate temperature (T(s)) primarily determines the CNT diameter, whereas independent and rapid thermal treatment (T(p)) of the C(2)H(4)/H(2) reactant mixture significantly changes the growth rate and terminal forest height but does not change the CNT diameter. Synchrotron X-ray scattering is utilized for precise, nondestructive measurement of CNT diameter in large numbers of samples. CNT structural quality monotonically increases with T(s) yet decreases with T(p), and forests grown by this decoupled method have significantly higher quality than those grown using a conventional single-zone tube furnace. Chemical analysis reveals that the thermal treatment generates a broad population of hydrocarbon species, and a nonmonotonic relationship between catalyst lifetime and T(p) suggests that certain carbon species either enhance or inhibit CNT growth. However, the forest height kinetics, as measured in real-time during growth, are self-similar, thereby indicating that a common mechanism of growth termination may be present over a wide range of process conditions.
Marlin: toward seamless content sharing and rights management (2011)

Digital rights management is used to protect copyrighted content from unauthorized use. However, it still remains challenging to strike a balance between content sharing and rights management. Marlin is developing open standards for interoperable DRM technology. The Octopus and NEMO frameworks in Marlin are the underlying technologies to realize seamless content sharing and rights management to support a wide variety of business models. We demonstrate the use of Octopus and NEMO in a practical manner by means of Marlin Broadband Network Services (MBNS) and Marlin Shared Domain (MSD). Marlin Simple Secure Streaming (MS3) is designed for protecting streaming content in a simple and efficient manner. We show the industrial adoption of Marlin as the first step toward creating an open and interoperable DRM ecosystem through example deployments of Marlin technology in the market.
Dynamic language modeling for a daily broadcast news transcription system (2007)

When transcribing Broadcast News data in highly inflected languages, the vocabulary growth leads to high out-of-vocabulary rates. To address this problem, we propose a daily and unsupervised adaptation approach which dynamically adapts the active vocabulary and LM to the topic of the current news segment during a multi-pass speech recognition process. Based on texts daily available on the Web, a story-based vocabulary is selected using a morpho-syntatic technique. Using an Information Retrieval engine, relevant documents are extracted from a large corpus to generate a story-based LM. Experiments were carried out for a European Portuguese BN transcription system. Preliminary results yield a relative reduction of 65.2% in OOV and 6.6% in WER.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibition and Furazolidone-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Turkey Poults (1983)

Furazolidone (FZ), a potent inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO), fed at concentrations of 700 ppm to turkey poults 2 through 5 weeks of age, produces cardiomyopathy and cardiomegaly. To determine the role of MAO inhibition in FZ-induced cardiomyopathy, the effects of FZ were compared with those of a chemically different MAO inhibitor, tranylcypromine (TCP), and a chemically similar non-MAO inhibitor, nitrofurazone (NFZ). At 14 days of age, poults were divided randomly into four groups. Control poults were fed a standard turkey starter ration, and poults in the experimental groups were fed the standard ration that included one of the following drugs at the given concentrations: 700 ppm FZ, 350 ppm NFZ, or 50 ppm TCP. Activity of MAO was assayed in liver and kidney homogenates from poults chosen at random at 14, 17, 21, 28, and 35 days of age in one trial and on heart homogenates at 14, 15, 17, 19, and 28 days of age in another trial. Development of cardiomyopathy was assessed using an electrocardiographic (ECG) technique and substantiated with necropsy examination. Inhibition of MAO was observed only in the heart in FZ-fed poults, only in the kidney in NFZ-fed poults, and in all three tissues studied in TCP-fed poults. Under the conditions of this study, an increase in the incidence of cardiomyopathy, based on ECG data and necropsy results, occurred only in the FZ-fed group. The inability of the potent MAO inhibitor, TCP, to produce cardiomyopathy in this study supports the conclusion that the primary mechanism of FZ-induced cardiomyopathy in turkey poults is probably not due to MAO inhibition.
Improving Pedestrian Attribute Recognition With Weakly-Supervised Multi-Scale Attribute-Specific Localization (2019)

Pedestrian attribute recognition has been an emerging research topic in the area of video surveillance. To predict the existence of a particular attribute, it is demanded to localize the regions related to the attribute. However, in this task, the region annotations are not available. How to carve out these attribute-related regions remains challenging. Existing methods applied attribute-agnostic visual attention or heuristic body-part localization mechanisms to enhance the local feature representations, while neglecting to employ attributes to define local feature areas. We propose a flexible Attribute Localization Module (ALM) to adaptively discover the most discriminative regions and learns the regional features for each attribute at multiple levels. Moreover, a feature pyramid architecture is also introduced to enhance the attribute-specific localization at low-levels with high-level semantic guidance. The proposed framework does not require additional region annotations and can be trained end-to-end with multi-level deep supervision. Extensive experiments show that the proposed method achieves state-of-the-art results on three pedestrian attribute datasets, including PETA, RAP, and PA-100K.
Regulatory T-Cell Therapy for Graft-versus-host Disease. (2016)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a significant cause of non-relapse mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT). Existing strategies to prevent and treat GVHD are incomplete, where a significant portion of allo-HCT recipients developed this complication. Despite this, one such therapy has emerged involving the use of regulatory T cells (Tregs) to control GVHD. The use of natural Tregs (nTregs) yielded positive pre-clinical results and are actively under investigation to reduce GVHD. However, broad application of this approach may require standardization of Treg expansion methods and dosing. Inducible Tregs (iTregs) can be seamlessly generated, but controversial pre-clinical findings and phenotype instability have hampered their translation into the clinic. Here, we review the current biological differences between nTregs and iTregs, as well as their effects on GVHD and graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) responses. We conclude by exploring the idea of combinational cellular therapies for the prevention of GVHD and preservation of GVL.
Combining Federated and Active Learning for Communication-efficient Distributed Failure Prediction in Aeronautics (2020)

Machine Learning has proven useful in the recent years as a way to achieve failure prediction for industrial systems. However, the high computational resources necessary to run learning algorithms are an obstacle to its widespread application. The sub-field of Distributed Learning offers a solution to this problem by enabling the use of remote resources but at the expense of introducing communication costs in the application that are not always acceptable. In this paper, we propose a distributed learning approach able to optimize the use of computational and communication resources to achieve excellent learning model performances through a centralized architecture. To achieve this, we present a new centralized distributed learning algorithm that relies on the learning paradigms of Active Learning and Federated Learning to offer a communication-efficient method that offers guarantees of model precision on both the clients and the central server. We evaluate this method on a public benchmark and show that its performances in terms of precision are very close to state-of-the-art performance level of non-distributed learning despite additional constraints.
Analysis and optimization of structured power/ground networks (2003)

This paper presents an efficient method for optimizing power/ground (P/G) networks by widening wires and adding decoupling capacitors (decaps). It proposes a structured skeleton that is intermediate to the conventional method that uses full meshes, which are hard to analyze efficiently, and tree-structured networks, which provide poor performance. As an example, we consider a P/G network structure modeled as an overlying mesh with underlying trees originating from the mesh, which eases the task of analysis with acceptable performance sacrifices. A fast and efficient event-driven P/G network simulator is proposed, which hierarchically simulates the P/G network with an adaptation of PRIMA to handle nonzero initial conditions. An adjoint network that incorporates the variable topology of the original P/G network, as elements switch in and out of the network, is constructed to calculate the transient adjoint sensitivity over multiple intervals. The gradients of the most critical node with respect to each wire width and decap are used by a sensitivity-based heuristic optimizer that minimizes a weighted sum of the wire and the decap area. Experimental results show that this procedure can be used to efficiently optimize large networks.
NOD2, CD14 and TLR4 mutations do not influence response to adalimumab in patients with Crohn's disease: a preliminary report (2010)

In our small study group no association between the studied polymorphisms and response to adalimumab was apparent. Systematic studies to search for genetic markers of response to anti-TNF therapy are necessary.
Burden of abnormal hematopoietic clone in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. (2006)

The quantitive clonal karyotype abnormalities and deficient T cell immunity are important parameters for evaluating MDS severity and predicting its progression.
Velocity anisotropy in shale determined from crosshole seismic and vertical seismic profile data (1990)

Abstract Crosshole and vertical seismic profile (VSP) data made possible accurate characterization of the elastic properties, including noticeable velocity anisotropy, of a near-surface late Tertiary shale formation. Shear-wave splitting was obvious in both crosshole and VSP data. In crosshole data, two orthogonally polarized shear (S) waves arrived 19 ms apart over a horizontal travel path of 246 ft (75 m). Vertically traveling S waves of the VSP separated about 10 ms in the uppermost 300 ft (90 m) but remained at nearly constant separation below that level. A transversely isotropic model, which incorporates a rapid increase in S-wave velocities with depth but a slow increase in P-wave velocities, closely fits the data over most of the measured interval. Elastic constants of the transversely isotropic model show spherical P- and S 2 -wave velocity surfaces but an ellipsoidal S 1 -wave surface with a ratio of major to minor axes of 1.15. The magnitude of this S-wave anisotropy is consistent with and lends credence to S-wave anisotropy magnitudes deduced less directly from data of many sedimentary basins.
Effects of the Histamine H<sub>3</sub>‐Agonist (<i>R</i>)‐α‐Methylhistamine and the Antagonist Thioperamide on Histamine Metabolism in the Mouse and Rat Brain (1989)

To study the feedback control by histamine (HA) H3-receptors on the synthesis and release of HA at nerve endings in the brain, the effects of a potent and selective H3-agonist, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine, and an H3-antagonist, thioperamide, on the pargyline-induced accumulation of tele-methylhistamine (t-MH) in the brain of mice and rats were examined in vivo. (R)-alpha-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride (6.3 mg free base/kg, i.p.) and thioperamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.), respectively, significantly decreased and increased the steady-state t-MH level in the mouse brain, whereas these compounds produced no significant changes in the HA level. When administered to mice immediately after pargyline (65 mg/kg, i.p.), (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (3.2 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited the pargyline-induced increase in the t-MH level almost completely during the first 2 h after treatment. Thioperamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.) enhanced the pargyline-induced t-MH accumulation by approximately 70% 1 and 2 h after treatment. Lower doses of (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (1.3 mg/kg) and thioperamide (1 mg/kg) induced significant changes in the pargyline-induced t-MH accumulation in the mouse brain. In the rat, (R)-alpha-methylhistamine (3.2 mg/kg, i.p.) and thioperamide (2 mg/kg, i.p.) also affected the pargyline-induced t-MH accumulation in eight brain regions and the effects were especially marked in the cerebral cortex and amygdala. These results indicate that these compounds have potent effects on HA turnover in vivo in the brain.
Evanescent waves and discontinuities (1992)

<span style="font-family: DejaVu Sans,sans-serif;">An evanescent wave is a wave disturbance which travels along a direction and attenuates along a different direction. Evanescent waves are typically generated when a plane wave obliquely strikes a boundary between two media possessing different material properties. A detailed analysis of the problem of the oblique incidence shows that plane waves are completely determined by the knowledge of the so-called reflection and transmission coefficients On the contrary the properties of the evanescent waves are summarized by the knowledge of two functions, linearly determined by the amplitude of the incident wave, which are to be chosen as the Hilbert transform of each other; in so doing the evanescent wave exhibits the appropriate behaviour at infinity. A thorough comparison between discontinuity waves and evanescent waves makes it evident that the usual information about discontinuities does not suffice for calculating evanescent waves. This proves that the oblique incidence problem does not admit a consistent answer within the sole framework of discontinuity waves.</span>
Human Health Risk on Environmental Exposure to Bisphenol-A: A Review (2006)

Bisphenol-A (BPA), identified as an environmental hormone (i.e., endocrine disruptor), is an industrially important chemical that is being used as a primary raw material for the production of engineering plastics (e.g., polycarbonate/epoxy resins), food cans (i.e., lacquer coatings), and dental composites/sealants. From the ecotoxicology, human health and regulatory points of view, it is urgent to restrict the emissions and releases of the estrogenic chemical from the industrial processes and commercial products. This article reviews BPA in the current literature in terms of physiochemical properties, industrial/commercial uses, environmental distributions in the atmospheric/aquatic/terrestrial phases, possible human toxicity, and its exposure standards and limits. Emphasis is put on the most significant distribution in the aquatic environment, and occupational and non-occupational human exposures. Overall, it is strongly convinced that BPA is not a carcinogenic risk to humans, and is also rapidly glucuronidated and excreted through the route of urine.
Search for rare and forbidden 3-body di-muon decays of the charmed mesons D+ and D+ (2003)

Using a high statistics sample of photo-produced charm particles from the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab, we report results of a search for eight rare and Standard-Model-forbidden decays: D+, Ds+→h±μ∓μ+ (with h=π,K). Improvement over previous results by a factor of 1.7–14 is realized. Our branching ratio upper limit D+→π+μ−μ+ of 8.8×10−6 at the 90% C.L. is below the current MSSM R-parity violating constraint.
Variations in cryotolerance of embryogenic <i>Picea</i><i>abies</i> cell lines and the association to genetic, morphological, and physiological factors (1993)

Two sets, containing 9 and 72 embryogenic cell lines of Piceaabies (L.) Karst., were tested for cryotolerance using a standard two-step cryopreservation protocol. Eight and 69 cell lines, respectively, survived freezing in all or some of the trials. A strong effect of cell line on regrowth after freezing was demonstrated in both sets. Culture morphology and maturation competence of the nine cell lines was unaffected by freezing and were not correlated to cryotolerance. In the 72 cell lines originating from seeds of five full-sib families, selected from a progeny test for their widely different autumn frost hardiness, a family effect on cryotolerance was observed. This effect was not related to physiological characters (ability to form embryogenic cultures and mature somatic embryos, autumn frost hardiness)
Approximating Optimal Control with Value Gradient Learning (2012)

In this chapter, we extend the ADP algorithm, dual heuristic programming (DHP), to include a “bootstrapping” parameter λ, analogous to that used in the reinforcement learning algorithm TD(λ). The resulting algorithm, which we call VGL(λ) for value-gradient learning, is proven to produce a weight update that can be equivalent to backpropagation through time (BPTT) applied to a greedy policy on a critic function. This provides a surprising connection between the two alternate methods of BPTT and DHP. Under certain smoothness conditions, VGL(λ=1) with a greedy policy acquires the strong convergence conditions of BPTT, while using a general function approximator for the critic. We show that this can lead to increased stability in the learning of control problems by a neural network
Geometrical and stereochemical factors in metal-promoted amide hydrolysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeometrical and stereochemical factors in metal-promoted amide hydrolysisJohn T. Groves, R. Rife, and R. Chambers Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3, 630–638Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00315a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00315a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2014)

The quest to address the legacy of mass violence is a politically complex endeavor that does not necessarily foreground the needs or desires of victims. Indeed, victim claims may contradict the motives of those in power or become overshadowed by the drive to establish international legal norms and regimes of justice. The international push for a tribunal to hold accountable those responsible for the deaths of some 1.7 million Cambodians from 1975-79 did not begin until after the fall of the Soviet Union. Until that time, Cold War politics shielded the former Khmer Rouge from prosecution; indeed a reconfigured Khmer Rouge coalition claimed Cambodia's place at the United Nations even after the Vietnamese drove the brutal regime from power in 1979. Co-Prime Ministers Prince Norodom Ranariddh and Hun Sen wrote to the UN in 1997 requesting the creation of a tribunal -some claim to intimidate remaining Khmers Rouge into defecting to the current government -but changed his position soon afterward. Nonetheless, international pressure for a court continued and, after a series of lengthy negotiations, the Cambodian government and United Nations reached an agreement in 2003 to establish the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), more commonly known as the Khmer Rouge Tribunal (KRT).
GaInNAs double-barrier quantum well infrared photodetector with the photodetection at 1.24μm (2007)

A GaInNAs∕AlAs∕AlGaAs double-barrier quantum well infrared photodetector was grown by molecular beam epitaxy and fabricated by standard device processes. The growth structure of the as-grown sample was verified by x-ray diffraction measurement. The photoluminescence emission peak, which is related to the interband transition in the GaInNAs well, was observed at ∼1.2eV. After annealing at 650°C, a large blueshift of 40meV was observed. The photocurrent peak at 1.24μm is associated with the intersubband transitions in the conduction band of the GaInNAs quantum well. The ten-band k∙p calculations agree with the above observations.
En présence de… : La troisième session de l’I.S.T.A. (1986)

en prsence de... la troisime session de l'i.s.t.a.Telle quelle, avril, Me voici sur les bords de la Loire, Une mer de cailloux la porte.De quoi faire des ronds dans l'eau jusqu'... la fin des temps.Et je ne fabule pas.Cet ocan de pierre s'tend de tout son long et lve dterre... Arches, piliers, donjon, gargouilles, pics et pignons Je suis des vtres, Aujourd'hui, je vous ressemble.Je suis l et je respire.... Oui... vraiment, ce chteau de Chambord est un laboratoire, une montagne de prcision !Et si j'en crois celui qui guide ce voyage et nous instruit, La prcision est mre de la justice... Serions-nous donc au paradis ?O. Gagnon Faire l'exprience de l'I.S.T.A en un temps limit six jours avait quelque chose de strict, d'austre et de trs audacieux, exigeant de chacune des personnes un acte de prsence et d'attention hors de l'ordinaire.C'est sensiblement le mme effort qui vous sera demand pour suivre cet article intensif, qui a pris forme dans un merveilleux paysage, en France.La rencontre eut lieu du 1 2 au 21 avril 1985; Blois et Chambord, dans un premier temps, ferme au monde extrieur, puis une fin de semaine, Paris, lors d'un symposium ouvert au grand public.Elle avait pour thme: le Matre du Regard, c'est--dire "I.S.T.