gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cultures (1999)

Calcification of vascular tissue is a common complication in aging, atherosclerosis, diabetes, renal failure, aortic stenosis, and prosthetic valve replacement. Osteopontin is a noncollagenous adhesive protein routinely found at sites of dystrophic calcification and synthesized at high levels by macrophages in calcified aortic valves and atherosclerotic plaques. In the present study, we have characterized the calcification of bovine aortic smooth muscle cell (BASMC) cultures in vitro and have studied the effects of exogenous osteopontin on mineral deposition. Induction of calcification in BASMC cultures was alkaline phosphatase-dependent and was characterized by a multilayer cell morphology. Mineral deposition occurred in the basal matrix of multilayered areas as indicated by von Kossa staining, and transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction identified the mineral as apatite. Ultrastructural analysis of the cultures showed the presence of extracellular matrix vesicles, calcifying collagen fibrils, and nodular-type calcifications similar to those found in calcified heart valves and atherosclerotic plaques. Purified osteopontin (0.05 to 5 microgram/mL) dose dependently inhibited calcification of BASMC cultures, whereas vitronectin and fibronectin had no effect. In contrast to the inhibitory mechanism of levamisole on mineral deposition, osteopontin did not inhibit alkaline phosphatase activity or reduce phosphorus levels in the culture medium. Addition of calcium to the cultures overcame the inhibitory effect of osteopontin on BASMC culture calcification and resulted in decreased levels of calcium in the culture medium and increased levels in the cell layer. Moreover, using high-resolution, colloidal-gold immunocytochemistry, osteopontin was found intimately associated with growing apatite crystals. These data indicate that the effect of osteopontin, although calcium-dependent, was not mediated by simple calcium chelation but most likely by direct interaction of osteopontin with crystal surfaces. These studies suggest that BASMCs can be used to model vascular calcification in vitro and that soluble osteopontin released near sites of vascular calcification may represent an adaptive mechanism aimed at preventing vascular calcification.
Measurements of the linewidth of ridge-guide DFB lasers (1984)

Measurements of the linewidth of nominally 1.5 μm ridge-guide DFB lasers are presented. Values of ∼15 MHz at output powers of 10 mW have been measured. By using a simple external cavity the linewidth was reduced by approximately two orders of magnitude.
Sequence Diversity and Large-Scale Typing of SNPs in the Human Apolipoprotein E Gene (2000)

A common strategy for genotyping large samples begins with the characterization of human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) by sequencing candidate regions in a small sample for SNP discovery. This is usually followed by typing in a large sample those sites observed to vary in a smaller sample. We present results from a systematic investigation of variation at the human apolipoprotein E locus (APOE), as well as the evaluation of the two-tiered sampling strategy based on these data. We sequenced 5.5 kb spanning the entire APOE genomic region in a core sample of 72 individuals, including 24 each of African-Americans from Jackson, Mississippi; European-Americans from Rochester, Minnesota; and Europeans from North Karelia, Finland. This sequence survey detected 21 SNPs and 1 multiallelic indel, 14 of which had not been previously reported. Alleles varied in relative frequency among the populations, and 10 sites were polymorphic in only a single population sample. Oligonucleotide ligation assays (OLA) were developed for 20 of these sites (omitting the indel and a closely-linked SNP). These were then scored in 2179 individuals sampled from the same three populations (n = 843, 884, and 452, respectively). Relative allele frequencies were generally consistent with estimates from the core sample, although variation was found in some populations in the larger sample at SNPs that were monomorphic in the corresponding smaller core sample. Site variation in the larger samples showed no systematic deviation from Hardy-Weinberg expectation. The large OLA sample clearly showed that variation in many, but not all, of OLA-typed SNPs is significantly correlated with the classical protein-coding variants, implying that there may be important substructure within the classical epsilon 2, epsilon 3, and epsilon 4 alleles. Comparison of the levels and patterns of polymorphism in the core samples with those estimated for the OLA-typed samples shows how nucleotide diversity is underestimated when only a subset of sites are typed and underscores the importance of adequate population sampling at the polymorphism discovery stage. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank data library under accession no. AF261279.]
Determination of the Sum of Bilirubin Sugar Conjugates in Plasma by Bilirubin Oxidase (1999)

The proposed method for CB has good analytical specificity and obviates the requirement for HPLC or a dry chemistry analyzer. The measurement of CB in blood is superior to the measurement of direct bilirubin because an abnormal concentration of direct bilirubin does not necessarily indicate the presence of cholestasis.
Building Heterogeneous Peer-to-Peer Networks: Protocol and Analysis (2008)

In this paper, we propose a simple protocol for building heterogeneous unstructured peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. The protocol consists of two parts-the joining process and the rebuilding process. The basic idea for the joining process is to use a random walk to assist new incoming peers in selecting their suitable neighbors in terms of capacity and connectivity to achieve load-balancing. The rebuilding process specifies how the nodes should react when they lose links. In particular, we examine two representative schemes, namely the probabilistic-rebuilding scheme and the adaptive-rebuilding scheme. Furthermore, we provide a detailed analysis to investigate our proposed protocol under any heterogenous P2P environment. We prove that the topology structure of the P2P network depends heavily on the node heterogeneity. The analytical results are validated by the simulations. Our framework provides a guideline to engineer and optimize a P2P network in different respects under a heterogeneous environment. The ultimate goal of this paper is to stimulate further research to explore the fundamental issues in heterogeneous P2P networks.
HIGH-ORDER ITERATIVE LEARNING CONTROL FOR DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEM BASED ON MONOTONIC CONVERGENCE (2006)

Monotonic convergence condition of high-order iterative learning control (ILC) in a suitable norm topology is discussed for a class of discrete-time linear time-invariant system. Optimal parameters design of the ILC scheme is presented and corresponding convergence rate is analyzed. The commonly used algorithms of discrete P, D, PD iterative learning control can be considered examples of the proposed updating law. Simulation results show that better monotonic convergence performance is achieved by using the optimal design.
Changes in Dendritic Cell Phenotype After a New High-dose Weekly Schedule of Interleukin-2 Therapy for Kidney Cancer and Melanoma (2010)

High-dose intravenous interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy (14 doses/course, 2 courses/cycle) for metastatic melanoma or kidney cancer induces infrequent, although major responses. In this trial, we evaluated a new schedule (dose of 600,000 IU/kg, 8 h between doses, 5 doses/course, 4 courses at weekly intervals/cycle) of high-dose IL-2, in which we inserted more planned breaks while maintaining high cumulative dose delivery, and investigated the relationship between dendritic cells (DC) and response to treatment. Target dose delivery was attained: median IL-2 cumulative dose per patient was 11.4 and 10.8 million units/kg (cycles 1 and 2, respectively). Major responses were observed in patients with kidney cancer (n=20; 3 complete and 2 partial responses) and melanoma (n=16; 1 partial response). Adverse events appeared comparable with those typically associated with high-dose IL-2. From this data set, we introduce the hypothesis-generating observation that patients who had more favorable outcomes had high pretreatment DC-to-myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) ratios, similar to the ratio observed in healthy individuals. However, even in patients with the most favorable outcome, after treatment, there were IL-2-induced changes in the DC-to-MDSC ratio, specifically increases in MDSCs. This modified IL-2 schedule is a feasible option, with a more uniform dose delivery over the treatment cycle, a similar toxicity profile, and observed complete, durable response in patients with renal cancer. Pretreatment assessment of DC phenotypic or maturational status may be a starting point to predicting response to high-dose IL-2 cytokine immunotherapy in patients with melanoma and kidney cancer.
Solid state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate): Kinetic and property parameters (1986)

Abstract The kinetics of solid state polymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) have been investigated at a variety of conditions. Equations have been developed to describe the relationships of time, temperature, and final molecular weight for PET precursors prepared from specified catalyst and monomer systems. These studies show effects of: time and temperature of solid stating, moisture concentration, oxygen exposure, and nitrogen purge flow rate. Measurements of inherent viscosity, carboxyl end group concentration, melting point, residual acetaldehyde, and acetaldehyde generated during melting are used to monitor molecular weight, purity, and thermal stability of these solid stated resins.
别忘了还有Net Share——不要小看了Net命令的能力 (2006)

我最早还是在1985年3月听说过微软网络，其实是IBM发布了IBMPC网络支持计划（IBM PC Network Support Program）。它是一个网络操作系统，在PC／MS—DOS上扮演一个“服务器”的角色，并且那就意味着本质上Novell在接下来的8年里不再需要和Redmond激烈竞争了。但是在过去的21年里我深感早期的网络技术（也叫做MS—Net）给了我很大的帮助：有了IBM PC网络支持计划，你就可以在命令行里完成所有的网络管理操作，并且信不信由你，Windows Server 2003仍然支持这个程序，当然扩展了一些它的功能。
Effect of Feeding and Withdrawal of Menhaden Oil on the <i>w</i> 3 and <i>w</i> 6 Fatty Acid Content of Broiler Tissues (1969)

SUMMARY– Analysis was made of the fatty acid composition of liver, adipose fat, thigh and breast muscles of broilers fed corn‐soy commercial‐type of diets containing one of two levels of fish oil (2.5 or 5.0%). The oil was subsequently continued, withdrawn or replaced with yellow grease 2, 3 or 4 weeks before termination of the experiment at the 8th week. The tissue contents of four w‐3‐type fatty acids (20:4, 20:5, 22:5 and 22:6) were increased in relation to the number of weeks menhaden fish oil was included in the diet. (The first number indicates the chain length of carbons, the second indicates the number of double bonds. The number following w (omega) indicates the carbon position of the first double bond as counted from the terminal methyl group.) Of the four tissues studied, the liver had the highest total content of the w 3 fatty acids; the adipose fat, the least. The muscles had intermediate values; the breast containing more than the thigh. Withdrawal of fish oil at the 4th week resulted in favorable organoleptic evaluation. A more favorable evaluation was obtained if yellow grease was substituted in place of fish oil for the last 4 weeks. The organoleptic scores were highly significantly correlated with the content of 20:5 03, 22:5 w 3 and 22:6 w 3 but it was less significantly correlated with the content of 20:4 w 3. An inverse relation existed between the content of the w 3 with that of the w 6 fatty acids.
Variation in Resistance of Geranium to Pythium ultimum in the Presence or Absence of Silver Thiosulphate (1987)

Abstract Selected seed-propagated hybrid geranium ( Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey) cultivars were evaluated for resistance to crown and root rot caused by Pythium ultimum Trow in the presence or absence of foliarly applied STS, a petal-shattering preventative that has been demonstrated to increase plant death due to P. ultimum . Plants were evaluated for resistance to plant death, plant stunting, and flower delay by comparing plant growth in P. ultimum -infested medium with plant growth in a noninfested medium. Although immunity to P. ultimum was not identified in the 42 cultivars screened, resistance appeared to be present and may provide a valuable source of germplasm for further screening and subsequent hybridization for resistance.
魔高一尺，道高一丈 Windows Vista与恶意软件的争斗 (2007)

WindowsVista的研发初衷就是要比之前的Windows更加安全。为了更好地防止恶意软件进入Windows系统，隔离已经进入系统的恶意程序，并且限制或修复恶意软件造成的系统损害，WindowsVista加入了许多新的功能。
Balancing infection control practices and family‐centred care in a cohort of paediatric suspected severe acute respiratory syndrome patients in Hong Kong (2006)

Infection control overshadowed the family-centred nursing practices in the management of SARS paediatric patients. A major nursing care issue for SARS paediatric patients was to achieve a careful balance between attending to patients' physical and psychological needs and adhering to the infection control guidelines, while at the same time offering psychological support to family members. The current philosophy and practice of family-centred nursing model neglect the special needs of children with infectious diseases and predominantly apply to children with non-infectious diseases that family visits are allowed and nursing care by parents are encouraged.
Clinical outcome of <i>de novo</i> acute myeloid leukaemia patients with normal cytogenetics is affected by molecular genetic alterations: a concise review (2007)

Normal cytogenetics are detected pretreatment in approximately 45% of patients with de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML); thus this constitutes the single largest cytogenetic group of AML. Recently, molecular genetic alterations with prognostic significance have been reported in these patients. They include internal tandem duplication of the FLT3 gene, partial tandem duplication of the MLL gene, mutations of the CEBPA and NPM1 genes and aberrant expression of the BAALC, ERG and MN1 genes. Additionally, gene-expression profiling has been applied to identify prognostically relevant subgroups. Substantial progress has been made in the understanding of molecular pathways deregulated in leukaemogenesis and how these defects can be targeted by novel therapeutic compounds. Here we critically review the molecular heterogeneity among AML patients with normal cytogenetics and discuss how these data may translate into a prognostic, molecular-based treatment stratification that may improve the currently unsatisfactory outcome of these patients.
The Threat in the Cloud (2013)

If we're going to stick all the cryptographic services in cloud-based virtual machines, how secure can we expect them to be? The answer is-unfortunately-not very.
Efficiency of lactic acid production by<i>Lactobacillus helveticus</i>in a membrane cell recycle reactor (1994)

An economic evaluation is presented of lactic acid production in a membrane cell recycle reactor. From this evaluation it is concluded that the economic feasibility of the process is primarily limited by production capacity and product concentration and to a lesser extent by productivity. In membrane cell recycle reactor experiments and batch cultivation experiments with Lactobacillus helveticus, it is shown that the economic feasibility of the process using this organism is limited by organic acid inhibition resulting in energy uncoupling of anabolism and catabolism. Due to this inhibition, the maximum lactic acid concentration that can be obtained in the membrane reactor process is 50 g I−1. Furthermore it is shown that not only the fermentative conversion of lactose into lactic acid but also the hydrolysis of lactose into glucose and galactose is an important process. The β-galaetosidase activity needed for the hydrolysis is generated during the exponential growth phase of Lb. helveticus
Computing anticipatory systems : CASYS'99-third international conference : Liège, Belgium 9-14 August 1999 (1999)

This proceedings volume contains foundation of anticipation in any system and applications in all the areas of science: economy, biology, cognition, physics, robotics, etc. Strong anticipatory systems deal with systems which behave in taking into account past, present and computed future states. The new mathematical and computational tools of incursion and hyperincursion are developed in this way. In weak anticipatory systems, the future states are predicted from models of these systems. The domain of computing anticipatory systems is becoming a new frontier of science.
Derepressed utilization of L-malic acid and succinic acid by mutants of Pachysolen tannophilus (1997)

Utilization of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates, L-malic acid and succinic acid, by the yeast Pachysolen tannophilus is repressed in the presence of glucose. Strains of P. tannophilus containing mutations in two hexokinases and a glucokinase were characterized for growth on glucose plus L-malic acid or succinic acid. Increased specific utilization rates of malic acid and succinic acid in the presence of glucose were observed in mutants containing a lesion in hexokinase A, an enzyme associated with catabolite repression. Such derepressed mutants may have application in winemaking in which utilization of a major grape acid, L-malic acid, is often desirable for acidity reduction.
Aurones: Interesting Natural and Synthetic Compounds with Emerging Biological Potential (2012)

Aurones [2-benzylidenebenzofuran-3(2H)-ones] are either natural or synthetic compounds, belonging to the flavonoid family. They are isomeric to flavones and provide a bright yellow color to the plants in which they occur. Today, a literature survey indicates that the related flavonoids have been studied not only for their physiological properties and effects on Nature, but also for their therapeutic potential. Aurones are recently attracting the interest of an increasing number of research groups, and, since the last review, some interesting advances have been made in understanding the aurones. In this review, we report the recent advances made on the synthetic routes towards aurones. We also highlight their activity in different biological areas, as well as applied genetic plant modifications to produce these colored compounds. Their synthesis, structure-activity relationships and the importance of the substitution pattern will also be mentioned. Finally, some aspects regarding the possible development of aurones will be discussed briefly.
Organization of the regulatory elements and nuclear activities participating in the transcription of the human apolipoprotein B gene. (1992)

The human apolipoprotein B (apoB) promoter region (-150 to +124) is transcriptionally active in HepG2 and CaCo-2 but not in HeLa cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that transcription of the human apoB gene in hepatic cells is achieved through the interaction of proteins that bind to five regulatory elements, I (-118 to -98), II (-112 to -94), III (-86 to -62), IV (-72 to -53), and V (-53 to -33). Elements I, IV, and V can bind to bacterially expressed enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) although with different affinities. In addition, elements I, IV, and V interact with at least two other heat-stable nuclear factors, designated NF-BA2 and NF-BA3, that are distinct from C/EBP. These activities have been separated by ion exchange chromatography and shown to produce footprints in elements I, IV, and V that are similar to those obtained with C/EBP. Element II is recognized by three activities designated NF-BCB1, NF-BCB2, and NF-BCB3, which have been separated by heparin-Sepharose chromatography. Saturation mutagenesis of the region established that they belong to a family of proteins recognizing the same motif, 5'-AAAAGCAAACAG-3'. Substitution mutations in element II that abolish binding of all three activities in vitro also reduce hepatic transcription in vivo to 10% of control, indicating that the binding of NF-BCB1, NF-BCB2, and NF-BCB3 activities is required for efficient transcription of the apoB gene. Furthermore, element III is recognized by the previously characterized nuclear factor NF-BA1, the binding of which is essential for the transcriptional activation of the apoB gene in hepatic and intestinal cells.
Tumor-Intrinsic RIG-I Signaling Promotes Anti-CTLA-4 Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Anticancer Immunity (2017)

Abstract Strong inter-individual variation in clinical response to checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 remains a major challenge. In a retrospective analysis, expression of viral defense genes in human melanomas including the cytosolic RNA receptor RIG-I (DDx58) has been associated with clinical benefit to CTLA-4 blockade. However, possible interconnections of these two distinct pathways remain unknown. Using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate B16 melanoma cells lines that lack nucleic acid receptors or downstream signaling molecules (RIG-I, STING, IRF3/7) together with available genetically deficient mouse models, we addressed the importance of nucleic acid receptor signaling in both tumor and host cells for the efficacy of anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy. We here provide experimental proof that anti-CTLA-4 immunotherapy relies on tumor cell-intrinsic RIG-I but not STING signaling. Following anti-CTLA-4 treatment, tumor-intrinsic RIG-I signaling critically impacts on cross-presentation of tumor-associated antigen by CD103+ dendritic cells, the expansion of tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and ultimately the accumulation of CD8+ T cells within tumor tissue. Consistently, therapeutic targeting of RIG-I with 5'-phosphorylated-RNA in both tumor and non-malignant cells potently augmented the efficacy of CTLA-4 checkpoint blockade. These processes were additionally dependent on host STING, MAVS and type I interferon signaling and were closely linked to RIG-I-mediated tumor cell death. In summary, our study identifies both tumor- and host-intrinsic RIG-I signaling as fundamental requirements for anti-CTLA-4-mediated antitumor immunity. Our data predict that targeting RIG-I may serve as a basis for the development of new combination strategies to increase the response rate of checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy of malignancy including lymphoma, particularly in individuals that do not have a sufficient spontaneous antitumor T-cell immune response. Disclosures van den Brink: Jazz Pharmaceuticals: Consultancy; Seres: Research Funding; PureTech Health: Consultancy; Therakos Institute: Other: Speaking engagement.