gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Object Tracking via Key Patch Sparse Representation (2016)

Many conventional computer vision object tracking methods are sensitive to partial occlusion and background clutter. This is because the partial occlusion or little background information may exist in the bounding box, which tends to cause the drift. To this end, in this paper, we propose a robust tracker based on key patch sparse representation (KPSR) to reduce the disturbance of partial occlusion or unavoidable background information. Specifically, KPSR first uses patch sparse representations to get the patch score of each patch. Second, KPSR proposes a selection criterion of key patch to judge the patches within the bounding box and select the key patch according to its location and occlusion case. Third, KPSR designs the corresponding contribution factor for the sampled patches to emphasize the contribution of the selected key patches. Comparing the KPSR with eight other contemporary tracking methods on 13 benchmark video data sets, the experimental results show that the KPSR tracker outperforms classical or state-of-the-art tracking methods in the presence of partial occlusion, background clutter, and illumination change.
Very-shallow low-resistivity p<sup>+</sup>-n junctions for CMOS technology (1987)

Shallow p-n junctions 110 nm deep have been fabricated using rapid thermal diffusion from a spin-on oxide source. Surface concentrations greater than 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are possible, with sheet resistivities less than 100 Ω/sq and a maximum reverse-bias leakage at 5 V of 3 nA.cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Results from 150-nm junctions are also given and are compared with BF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ion implantation.
Face localization and facial feature extraction based on shape and color information (2002)

Recognition of human faces out of still images or image sequences is a research field of fast increasing interest. At first, facial regions and facial features like eyes and mouth have to be extracted. In the present paper we propose an approach that copes with problems of these first two steps. We perform face localization based on the observation that human faces are characterized by their oval shape and skin-color, also in the case of varying light conditions. For that we segment faces by evaluating shape and color (HSV) information. Then face hypotheses are verified by searching for facial features inside of the face-like regions. This is done by applying morphological operations and minima localization to intensity images.
Acid-shock of<i>Campylobacter jejuni</i>induces flagellar gene expression and host cell invasion (2012)

The bacterial pathogen Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with the organism being transmitted by ingestion of contaminated and undercooked poultry. Exposure to acid is an inevitable stressor for C. jejuni during gastric passage, yet the effect of low pH on C. jejuni virulence is still poorly understood. Here, we investigate the effect of acid-shock on C. jejuni viability, gene expression and host-cell invasion. C. jejuni strain NCTC 11168 survived acid exposure at pH 3.5 and above for up to 30 min without a drop in viability, and this exposure induced the expression of flagellar genes transcribed from σ(54)-dependent promoters. Furthermore, acid-shock resulted in increased C. jejuni invasion of m-ICcl2 mouse small intestine crypt cells grown on transwells, but not when the cells were grown on flat-bottomed wells. This suggests that C. jejuni might be invading intestinal epithelial cells at the basolateral side, possibly after paracellular passage. We hypothesize that acid-shock prior to intestinal entry may serve as a signal that primes C. jejuni to express its virulence gene repertoire including flagellar motility genes, but this requires further study in the context of an appropriate colonization or disease model.
Nonlinear Bessel vortex beams for applications (2015)

International audience
The effect of potential obstacles on charge transfer in image sensors (1997)

Numerical methods are presented to investigate charge transfer in charge-coupled devices (CCDs) when potential barriers or wells occur. A Monte Carlo simulation of electron thermal diffusion and field-aided drift is used to determine the time scale for charge transfer. The Monte Carlo approach is useful for exploring new problems, but it requires considerable amounts of computer time. A quicker technique, that of the mean first passage time, is introduced. This method reduces the solution of the carrier continuity equation for charge transfer to the evaluation of a double integral that yields the characteristic time /spl tau/ for e/sup -t//spl tau//. This provides the leading or dominant time dependence of the carrier continuity equation's solution. Numerical examples are presented to show how /spl tau/ varies with the size and location of the potential obstacle. The mean first passage time approach permits rapid estimates of the effects of potential obstacles on charge transfer in CCD's. These estimates are in excellent agreement with the results of the Monte Carlo simulations.
Monodisperse Porous LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Microspheres for a High Power Li-Ion Battery Cathode (2011)

A novel solvothermal approach combined with high-temperature calcinations was developed to synthesize on a large scale LiFePO(4) microspheres consisting of nanoplates or nanoparticles with an open three-dimensional (3D) porous microstructure. These micro/nanostructured LiFePO(4) microspheres have a high tap density and, as electrodes, show excellent rate capability and cycle stability.
An adaptive distance measure for use with nonparametric models (2006)

Distance measures perform a critical task in nonparametric, locally weighted regression. Locally weighted regression (LWR) models are a form of 'lazy learning' which construct a local model 'on the fly' by comparing a query vector to historical, exemplar vectors according to a three step process. First, the distance of the query vector to each of the exemplar vectors is calculated. Next, these distances are passed to a kernel function, which converts the distances to similarities or weights. Finally, the model output or response is calculated by performing locally weighted polynomial regression. To date, traditional distance measures, such as the Euclidean, weighted Euclidean, and L1-norm have been used as the first step in the prediction process. Since these measures do not take into consideration sensor failures and drift, they are inherently ill-suited for application to 'real world' systems. This paper describes one such LWR model, namely auto associative kernel regression (AAKR), and describes a new, Adaptive Euclidean distance measure that can be used to dynamically compensate for faulty sensor inputs. In this new distance measure, the query observations that lie outside of the training range (i.e. outside the minimum and maximum input exemplars) are dropped from the distance calculation. This allows more » for the distance calculation to be robust to sensor drifts and failures, in addition to providing a method for managing inputs that exceed the training range. In this paper, AAKR models using the standard and Adaptive Euclidean distance are developed and compared for the pressure system of an operating nuclear power plant. It is shown that using the standard Euclidean distance for data with failed inputs, significant errors in the AAKR predictions can result. By using the Adaptive Euclidean distance it is shown that high fidelity predictions are possible, in spite of the input failure. In fact, it is shown that with the Adaptive Euclidean distance prediction errors are slightly larger for a failed input than the prediction error without a sensor failure. In short, the Adaptive Euclidean predictions with the sensor failure are very near the predictions of the model without the failed sensor. (authors) « less
Label-Free Profiling of Ligands for Endogenous Gpcrs Using a Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening Technology (2006)

This article reports the use of Corning Epic system— a label-free and noninvasive optical system that is centered on resonant waveguide grating biosensors—to profile endogenous G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in living cells under physiologically relevant conditions. The endogenous GPCRs examined were bradykinin B 2 receptor in A431 cells and protease-activated receptor subtype 1 (PAR 1 ) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The activation of either receptor led to G q -mediated signaling in the respective cells, as confirmed by Fluo-3 assays. Stimulation of CHO cells with thrombin, a PAR 1 natural agonist, resulted in an optical response relating to dynamic mass redistribution that is similar to that induced by bradykinin in A431 cells. Based on the kinetics of agonist-mediated optical signatures, two time points, one before and another 5 min after the stimulation, were chosen to develop high-throughput (HT) screening assays. Results showed that such endpoint measurements enable not only HT screening of compounds using endogenous GPCRs, but also determining the efficacies of agonists. Those results suggested that the Corning Epic label-free system is an easily scaleable biosensor, amenable as an HTS platform for GPCR drug discovery and deorphanization. (JALA 2006;11:181–7)
The stereospecificity of α-chymotrypsin (1968)

1. The rates of deacylation of acyl-alpha-chymotrypsins in which the hydrogen-bonding capacity of the acylamino group of the substrate has been systematically removed were measured. 2. The ratio of deacylation rates of l- and d-acyl-enzymes is found to depend largely on the existence in the substrate of an amido -NH- group. 3. The data presented agree with the postulate that the stereospecificity of alpha-chymotrypsin is exercised in catalytic rather than binding steps, and that the active site of the enzyme presents three loci to the substrate: the site containing the catalytic functionalities (including serine-195), the hydrophobic area for amino acid side-chain binding, and a hydrogen-bond acceptor site for acylamino group binding. 4. It is noted that, though the hydrogen-bonding site is crucial for the stereospecificity, the free energy of binding of substrates and inhibitors is dominated by the hydrophobic interaction. 5. It is tentatively proposed that alpha-chymotrypsin selects a high-energy conformation of the substrate when the latter binds at the enzyme's active site.
ChemInform Abstract: ORGANOCUPRATE‐MEDIATED CARBON‐CARBON BOND FORMATION IN Γ POSITION OF α‐AMINO ESTERS WITHOUT RACEMIZATION (1984)

Abstract Das Butyrolacton (I) wird mit HBr unter Erhalt der Konfiguration zum Brom‐Derivat (IIa) gespalten, aus dem der Brom‐ethyl‐glycinester (IIb) hergestellt wird.
Querypoint (2011)

As developers debug, they often have to seek the origins of wrong values they see in their debugger. This search must be performed backwards in time since the code causing the wrong value is executed before the wrong value appears. Therefore, locating the origin of wrong values with breakpoint- or log- based debuggers demands persistence and significant experience.
<b>Structure, regulation and cellular functions of Rab geranylgeranyl transferase and its cellular partner Rab Escort Protein</b> (2012)

Rab geranylgeranyl transferase is an enzyme responsible for double geranylgeranylation of Rab proteins in all eukaryotic cells. In the present article we would like to focus on new findings concerning the holoenzyme structure and mechanism of catalytic activity, its mode of regulation and consequences of RGGT deficiency in different eucaryotic model organisms and patients.
Enhanced Environmental Mobility of Carbon Nanotubes in the Presence of Humic Acid and Their Removal from Aqueous Solution (2008)

HA-coated CNTs are very stable in aqueous solution and are able to transport through porous media to a significant extent, indicating high environmental mobility. Use of magnetic metaloxide nanoparticles as affinity probes provides a permanent and efficient removal strategy for HA-coated CNTs from aqueous media (see image).
Fingerprint input based on scattered-light detection (1997)

The principles of fingerprint imaging are based on scattered-light detection, and the technique is proposed for a compact input device. Light enters a glass plate from its edge and propagates inside the plate by repeating the total internal reflection at the boundaries with air. The ridges of a finger pressed onto the plate scatter the light, which then leaks out of the plate. This scattered light is imaged by an array of gradient-index optical fibers and an image sensor. A prototype sensor has been developed: The distance between the finger and the image sensor is 13 mm. The images obtained with this prototype clearly show not only the ridges and valleys but also the pores in the ridges.
A New Route to Spiropyrrolidinyl-oxindole Alkaloids via Iodide Ion Induced Rearrangement of [(<i>N</i>-Aziridinomethylthio)methylene]-2-oxindoles (2001)

A new approach for the synthesis of spiropyrrolidinyloxindole alkaloids, i.e. coerulescine (4) and horsfiline (5) has been developed via iodide ion induced rearrangement of [(N-aziridinomethylthio)methylene]oxindoles 2 to the respective spiropyrroline-2-oxindole derivatives 3 and their subsequent one-pot reductive dethiomethylation-N-methylation. [reaction: see text]
Technical Limit Specific Energy—An Index to Facilitate Drilling Performance Evaluation (2005)

Abstract This paper describes a method developed to represent the inherent drilling difficulty posed by the combination of rock properties, depths and pressures that make up a field's drilling environment, thereby facilitating comparisons of drilling performance from different fields that take account of varying rock "drillability". The method uses the concept of specific energy - the lower the specific energy in a given environment, the more efficient the drilling process. An algorithm has been developed to estimate the technical limit specific energy from wireline sonic, lithology and pressure data. This represents the lowest specific energy that can reasonably be expected for that combination of rock properties and pressures. Data were analyzed from 10 wells, drilled in varying on and offshore locations, which were selected as good benchmarks for the performance achievable in their drilling environments. Three measures were used to represent drilling performance in these wells – total dry hole (excluding coring, logging and completion activities) days per 1,000 m, normal drilling days per 1,000 m, and rotating days per 1,000 m. These measures showed wide variations across the 10 wells, reflecting the range in drilling difficulty posed by the different geological environments. However, the rotating days per 1,000 m showed encouraging correlation when plotted against the wells' technical limit specific energies. The other performance measures also showed clear trends when plotted against technical limit specific energy. The existence of these correlations demonstrates that technical limit specific energy is a valid measure of whole-well drillability, and provides a benchmark against which other wells' drilling performance can be compared. The performance measures for the new well are compared with the "benchmark performance" trends at the new well's technical limit specific energy, revealing whether the drilling performance departs substantially from the expectation for a well of similar drilling difficulty.
Novel Breast Cancer Metastasis-Associated Proteins (2008)

With the use of the breast cancer metastatic model, which comprises four isogenic cell lines, iTRAQ-based ESI-LC/MS/MS proteomics was employed to catalog protein expression changes as cancer cells acquire increasing metastatic potential. From more than 1000 proteins detected, 197 proteins, including drug-targetable kinases, phosphatases, proteases and transcription factors, displayed differential expression when cancer cells becomes more metastatic. Overall, the number of protein expression changes was evenly distributed across mildly ( approximately 30%), moderately ( approximately 40%) and aggressively ( approximately 30%) metastatic cancer cells. Some changes were found to be specific to one while others were required for two or more phenotypes. KEGG Orthology suggests major reprogramming in cell metabolism and to smaller extents in genetic and environmental information processing. Ten novel metastasis-associated proteins were identified and the iTRAQ-based expression profiles of 7 proteins were verified to be congruent with antibody-based methods. With the use of tissue microarrays comprising 50 matched cases of invasive and metastatic lesions, the expression profiles of SH3GLB1 and SUB1, SND1, TRIM28 were validated to be down- and up-regulated, respectively, during clinical progression of carcinoma in situ to invasive and metastatic carcinomas. Our study has unraveled proteome-wide molecular aberrations and potentially new players in breast cancer metastasis.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of N‐(3,3,3‐Trifluoro‐2‐trifluoromethylprop‐1‐enyl) dimethylamine (I) with MgSO4×7H2O. Synthesis of 4,4‐Difluoro‐5‐ trifluoromethyl‐2‐(2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐trifluoromethylethyl)‐4H‐1,3‐ dioxine (II) and cis/trans‐3‐Dimethylamino‐2‐trifluoromethacryloyl Fluoride (III). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonlinear pulsed ultrasound beams radiated by rectangular focused diagnostic transducers (2006)

A numerical model for simulating nonlinear pulsed beams radiated by rectangular focused transducers, which are typical of diagnostic ultrasound systems, is presented. The model is based on a KZK-type nonlinear evolution equation generalized to an arbitrary frequency-dependent absorption. The method of fractional steps with an operator-splitting procedure is employed in the combined frequency-time domain algorithm. The diffraction is described using the implicit backward finite-difference scheme and the alternate direction implicit method. An analytic solution in the time domain is employed for the nonlinearity operator. The absorption and dispersion of the sound speed are also described using an analytic solution but in the frequency domain. Numerical solutions are obtained for the nonlinear acoustic field in a homogeneous tissue-like medium obeying a linear frequency law of absorption and in a thermoviscous fluid with a quadratic frequency law of absorption. The model is applied to study the spatial distributions of the fundamental and second harmonics for a typical diagnostic ultrasound source. The nonlinear distortion of pulses and their spectra due to the propagation in tissues are presented. A better understanding of nonlinear propagation in tissue may lead to improvements in nonlinear imaging and in specific tissue harmonic imaging.
Yearbook of Agriculture, 1940: Farmers in a Changing World. Edited by Gove Hambidge. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1940. vi +1215 pp. Illustrations, appendix, and bibliography. $1.50.) (1941)

Yearbook of Agriculture, 1940: Farmers in a Changing World. Edited by Gove Hambidge. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1940. vi +1215 pp. Illustrations, appendix, and bibliography. $1.50.) Get access Herbert S. Schell Herbert S. Schell University of South Dakota Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 28, Issue 2, September 1941, Pages 320–321, https://doi.org/10.1093/jahist/28.2.320 Published: 01 September 1941
Cell Wall Structure of a Mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis Defective in the Biosynthesis of Mycolic Acids (2000)

A mutant strain of Mycobacterium smegmatis defective in the biosynthesis of mycolic acids was recently isolated (Liu, J., and Nikaido, H. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 4011-4016). This mutant failed to synthesize full-length mycolic acids and accumulated a series of long chain beta-hydroxymeromycolates. In this work, we provide a detailed characterization of the localization of meromycolates and of the cell wall structure of the mutant. Thin layer chromatography showed that the insoluble cell wall matrix remaining after extraction with chloroform/methanol and SDS still contained a large portion of the total meromycolates. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization and electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy analysis of fragments arising from Smith degradation of the insoluble cell wall matrix revealed that the meromycolates were covalently attached to arabinogalactan at the 5-OH positions of the terminal arabinofuranosyl residues. The arabinogalactan appeared to be normal in the mutant strain, as analyzed by NMR. Analysis of organic phase lipids showed that the mutant cell wall contained some of the extractable lipids but lacked glycopeptidolipids and lipooligosaccharides. Differential scanning calorimetry of the mutant cell wall failed to show the large cooperative thermal transitions typical of intact mycobacterial cell walls. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the mutant cell wall had an abnormal ultrastructure (without the electron-transparent zone associated with the asymmetric mycolate lipid layer). Taken together, these results demonstrate the importance of mycolic acids for the structural and functional integrity of the mycobacterial cell wall. The lack of highly organized lipid domains in the mutant cell wall explains the drug-sensitive and temperature-sensitive phenotypes of the mutant.
Studies of luminescence property of long afterglow Eu<sup>2+</sup>, Dy<sup>3+</sup> activated Sr<sub>2</sub>MgSi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> phosphor (2004)

Long afterglow Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 (SMS) phosphor was prepared by Douby's methods at high temperature and reductive atmosphere. The excitation and emission spectra of this phosphor showed that both had broad bands and that the main emission peak at 469 nm was due to 4f‐5d transitions of Eu +2 and implied that the luminescence centres Eu +2 occupied the Sr +2 sites in the Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 host. The phosphor doped only with Eu ions did not demonstrate the long afterglow phenomenon, but when co‐doped with Dy +3 ions in the SMS matrix, significant long afterglow was observed.