gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐Term Real‐Time Tracking of Lanthanide Ion Doped Upconverting Nanoparticles in Living Cells (2011)

A track record: Upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) were tracked in living HeLa cells and their active transport by motor proteins was visualized in real time. The remarkable photostability of the UCNPs and the noninvasiveness of near-infrared excitation allowed continuous observation of living cells for as long as 6 h. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Gender Composition of the Pool of Prospective School Principals (1991)

Although about 60% of Canadian teachers are women, women hold only a small minority of decision-making positions in education. For example, only about 16% of school principals are women.1 Three common explanations for this underrepresentation are that women are not interested in holding administrative responsibility, that they are not capable, and that they are not qualified (Haddad, 1987; Nixon, 1987; Rees, 1990; Shakeshaft, 1987). I am concerned to know whether qualified women are available for appointment to positions of educational leadership, and to indicate lines of research that could adequately account for the present situation. The usual research paradigms for explaining availability of persons for various occupations come from sociology, social psychology, and psychology (Acker, 1983, 1989; Betz & Fitzgerald, 1987; Bordo, 1986; Eccles, 1986; Gilligan, 1982, 1988; Gottfredson, 1981; Holland, 1985; Kahn & Robbins, 1985; Marini, 1978; O'Brien, 1990; Osipow, 1990; Singer, 1989; Stewart, 1989). Because I am concerned with the social reasons for women's preferences, and not just with measures of social readiness to accept women (for example, measures of gender mobility in the education hierarchy), my arguments and proposals draw both on psychological and on sociological methods. The 1960s and 1970s saw a revolution of rising expectations and aspirations for women, of changing self-concepts, and of consciousness-raising sisterhood. Was the 1980s the decade of breakthrough for women becoming qualified and beginning to attain middle-management positions? I think that, in fact, many women have obtained the relevant credentials; that there has been a rapid and substantial increase in the proportion of women certified to become school principals; that, in short, women have demonstrated they are ready, willing, able, and qualified to hold positions of administrative responsibility in education in Canada.
A Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Milrinone in Adults Undergoing Cardiac Surgery (1995)

Milrinone can reverse acute postischemic myocardial dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass, although neither the appropriate bolus dose nor its pharmacokinetics has been established for cardiac surgical patients.Consenting patients undergoing cardiac surgery received milrinone (25, 50, or 75 micro gram/kg) in an openlabel, dose-escalating study if their cardiac index was <3 L centered dot min-1 centered dot m-2 after separation from bypass. Heart rate, mean arterial blood pressure, pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, and cardiac index were determined before and after the administration of milrinone. Timed blood samples were obtained for measurement of milrinone plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic analysis. Twenty-nine of 60 consenting patients had cardiac indices <3 L centered dot min-1 centered dot m-2 after separation from bypass, received milrinone, and completed the protocol. All three bolus doses of milrinone significantly increased cardiac index. The 50- and 75-micro gram/kg doses produced significantly larger increases in cardiac index than the 25-micro gram/kg dose; however, the 75-micro gram/kg dose did not produce a significantly larger increase in cardiac index than did the 50-micro gram/kg dose. Two of 10 patients receiving milrinone 25 micro gram/kg, but no patient receiving either 50 or 75 micro gram/kg, required early epinephrine rescue when the cardiac index failed to increase by >15%. The 75-micro gram/kg dose was associated with a case of ventricular tachycardia. The three-compartment model better described milrinone drug disposition than the two-compartment model by both visual inspection and Schwartz-Bayesian criterion. There was only limited evidence of dose-dependence, so data from all three doses are reported together (and normalized to the 50-micro gram/kg dose). Data from one patient was discarded (samples mislabeled). Using mixed-effects nonlinear regression (for n = 28), the following volumes were determined for the three compartments: V (1) = 11.1 L, V2 = 16.9 L, and V3 = 363 L. Similarly, the following clearances were estimated for the three compartments: Cl1 = 0.067 L/min, Cl2 = 1.05 L/min, and Cl3 = 0.31 L/min. The 50-micro gram/kg loading dose appeared more potent than the 25-micro gram/kg dose, and, as potent, but with possibly fewer side-effects than the 75-micro gram/kg dose. The short context-sensitive half-times of 6.7 or 10.2 min after 1- or 10-min bolus infusions underscore the need for prompt institution of a maintenance infusion when milrinone concentrations must be maintained. Simulations based on our best drug disposition using this study's variables predict a context-sensitive half-time of 4.9 h for plasma milrinone concentrations after a 50-micro gram/kg bolus 1-min infusion with an immediate 24-h maintenance infusion of 0.5 micro gram centered dot min-1 centered dot kg-1. (Anesth Analg 1995;81:783-92)
Cloning and expression of an interleukin‐1β precursor and its conversion to interleukin‐1β (1989)

A gene coding for a N-terminal precursor of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The isolated Met-Glu-Ala-Glu-IL-1 beta precursor was enzymatically converted to IL-1 beta by means of dipeptidylaminopeptidase (DAP I). This method ensured a correct N-terminal residue and the often observed expression of Met-IL-1 beta was thus avoided. The pure and physically homogeneous product exhibited the characteristic properties of natural IL-1 beta. The in vitro biological activity was measured in the lymphocyte-activating factor assay and was compared to that of natural IL-1 beta isolated from stimulated monocyte culture using exactly the same purification procedure. The specific biological activity of both products was 2 x 10(-8) U/mg indicating that the recombinant product exhibits full biological activity.
Basic instinct: design, synthesis and evaluation of (+)-sparteine surrogates for asymmetric synthesis (2007)

(-)-Sparteine, a naturally occurring lupin alkaloid, is widely used as a chiral ligand for asymmetric synthesis. To address the limitation that sparteine is only available as its (-)-antipode, our group introduced a family of (+)-sparteine surrogates that are structurally similar to (+)-sparteine but lack the D-ring. After briefly summarising the design aspect, this feature article provides an overview of synthetic routes to the sparteine surrogates and a detailed comparison with (-)-sparteine in a range of asymmetric reactions. The main conclusions are: (i) the (+)-sparteine surrogates are most easily prepared starting from (-)-cytisine extracted from Laburnum anagyroides seeds; (ii) in nearly all examples, use of the (+)-sparteine surrogates produced essentially equal but opposite enantioselectivity compared to (-)-sparteine and (iii) the N-Me-substituted (+)-sparteine surrogate is the most useful and versatile of those investigated.
Dynamic Frequency Planning Versus Frequency Reuse Schemes in OFDMA Networks (2009)

In order to avoid inter-cell interference, OFDMA networks are flexible in terms of radio resource management techniques, supporting different frequency reuse schemes (FRSs), which in turn, may decrease inter-cell interference and increase network performance. However, because most of them are based on fix patterns, these FRSs cannot cope with the uneven distribution and dynamic behavior of the traffic throughout the day. This work introduces a novel approach to the frequency assignment problem called dynamic frequency planning (DFP) tailored to OFDMA networks. The proposed approach dynamically adapts the radio frequency parameters to the environment taking the user and channel conditions into account. Moreover, a variant of DFP, called vertical DFP, based on the fractional frequency reuse schemes (FFRSs) concept is proposed. In comparison to the traditional FRSs, these techniques notably mitigate inter-cell interference and enhance network performance.
Are elevated admission calcium levels associated with better outcomes after ischemic stroke? (2006)

Calcium (Ca(2+)) and magnesium (Mg(2+)) influence the molecular pathways of ischemic neuronal death. The authors evaluated the impact of admission serum Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) levels, on incident stroke severity and discharge functional outcome. After adjusting for covariates, higher admission Ca(2+) was significantly associated with lesser stroke severity and better discharge functional outcome. Admission Mg(2+) was not an independent clinical outcome prognosticator.
Structural uses of tangent diagrams (1980)

Research Article| December 01, 1980 Structural uses of tangent diagrams C. A. Bengtson C. A. Bengtson 1Chevron U.S.A. Inc., San Francisco, California 94119 Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information C. A. Bengtson 1Chevron U.S.A. Inc., San Francisco, California 94119 Publisher: Geological Society of America First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Online ISSN: 1943-2682 Print ISSN: 0091-7613 Geological Society of America Geology (1980) 8 (12): 599–602. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<599:SUOTD>2.0.CO;2 Article history First Online: 02 Jun 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Permissions Search Site Citation C. A. Bengtson; Structural uses of tangent diagrams. Geology 1980;; 8 (12): 599–602. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1980)8<599:SUOTD>2.0.CO;2 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGeology Search Advanced Search Abstract Tangent diagrams are polar coordinate graphs on which the attitude of planes and lines is represented by the end point of vectors, proportional in length to the tangent of the angle of dip. They provide convenient and easily visualized vectorial solutions for such problems as finding apparent dip from true dip, true dip from two apparent dips, and the line of intersection of two planes. In addition, they have proved to be especially useful for orienting cylindrical and conical folds by graphic analysis of dip data and distinguishing cylindrical folds from the two possible kinds of conical folds. Dip measurements at random locations on cylindrical folds define straight-line "statistical" patterns on tangent diagrams. Dip data for conical folds, however, define two kinds of curved lines corresponding, respectively, to the two possible kinds of conical folds. Lines concave toward the center identify conical anticlines that narrow up-plunge (or synclines that narrow downplunge) and lines concave away from the center define conical anticlines that narrow downplunge (or conical synclines that narrow up-plunge). Although the first kind of conical fold is more common than the second, only the second kind has been treated in the literature. This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
Myocardial angiogenesis after plasmid or adenoviral VEGF-A165 gene transfer in rat myocardial infarction model (2006)

AdhVEGF-A165 has no obvious angiogenic advantage over PhVEGF-A165 but more side effects at least in a rat myocardial infarction model. This indicates that PhVEGF-A165 might be more applicable for therapeutic angiogenesis than AdhVEGF-A165.
Surgeon-Tool Force/Torque Signatures - Evaluation of Surgical Skills in Minimally Invasive Surgery (1999)

The best method of training for laparoscopic surgical skills is controversial. Some advocate observation in the operating room, while others promote animal and simulated models or a combination of surgical related tasks. The mode of proficiency evaluation common to all of these methods has been subjective evaluation by a skilled surgeon. In order to define an objective means of evaluating performance, an instrumented laparoscopic grasper was developed measuring the force/torque at the surgeon hand/tool interface. The measured database demonstrated substantial differences between experienced and novice surgeon groups. Analyzing forces and torques combined with the state transition during surgical procedures allows an objective measurement of skill in MIS. Teaching the novice surgeon to limit excessive loads and improve movement efficiency during surgical procedures can potentially result in less injury to soft tissues and less wasted time during laparoscopic surgery. Moreover the force/torque database measured in this study may be used for developing realistic virtual reality simulators and optimization of medical robots performance.
Model studies of epidermal permeability. (1992)

An in vitro physical model approach for describing and predicting transport of molecules and ions across skin is examined. The proposed model is represented by two transport-resistant layers in series: the stratum corneum and the epidermis plus dermis. The stratum corneum is regarded as the principal barrier to transport and is composed of two parallel pathways: the lipoidal pathway and the pore pathway. The epidermis-dermis is treated as a porous membrane. The model predicts three regimes for the transport behavior of permeants, and these predictions have been compared with experimental permeability coefficient data obtained with hairless mouse skin in a two-chamber (aqueous) diffusion cell. The model predicts (1) that extremely lipophilic molecules are rate-limited by the epidermis-dermis and have a limiting permeability coefficient value; (2) that extremely polar permeants are rate-limited by the pore pathway of the stratum corneum with its limiting permeability coefficient; and (3) that permeants with intermediate polarity are transported via the lipoidal pathway and exhibit a lipophilicity-dependent permeability coefficient. Experimental data involving a large number of permeants are found to be consistent with these model predictions. The model approach also has been applied in the study of the mechanism(s) of skin transport enhancement induced by short-chain alkanols in aqueous media. A possible mode of enhancing the lipoidal pathway at low concentrations of the alkanols may involve the polar head region of the lipid bilayer or the region slightly below the polar head plane, or both; alkanols may solvate the lipid-water interface, intercalating and disrupting the interactions of the upper regions of the alkyl chains and the interactions between the polar head groups. This could result in an increase in both diffusivity and partitioning tendency for a permeant in this microenvironment. At higher alkanol concentrations, the pore pathway becomes dominant in controlling the transport of the permeants across the stratum corneum.
Phosphors Based on Rare Earth Phosphates Fast Decay Phosphors (1968)

Phosphors based on rare earth phosphates and activated by Ce+3 can be prepared with efficiencies comparable to the previously known P‐16 phosphor as well as haying operating maintenance characteristics essentially equivalent to it. In addition, the rare earth phosphate phosphors have decay times nearly three times faster than this commercial material. These new materials may open applications in electronic devices not feasible before.
Higher-accuracy van der Waals density functional (2010)

We propose a second version of the van der Waals density functional of Dion et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 246401 (2004)], employing a more accurate semilocal exchange functional and the use of a large-$N$ asymptote gradient correction in determining the vdW kernel. The predicted binding energy, equilibrium separation, and potential-energy curve shape are close to those of accurate quantum chemical calculations on 22 duplexes. We anticipate the enabling of chemically accurate calculations in sparse materials of importance for condensed matter, surface, chemical, and biological physics.
Effect of analogues of steroid and thyroxine hormones on wound healing in hamsters (1974)

The effect of two anabolic hormones on wound healing was studied. Following the extraction of a lower first molar, ten normal hamsters received intraperitoneal injections of Durabolin, ten received Synthroid, and ten were given Durabolin and Synthroid. Ten controls received saline injections. Two animals from each group were sacrificed at 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 days post extraction. Histological sections revealed the following changes: Animals treated with Durabolin exhibited fewer inflammatory cells, significant earlier bone fill and more accelerated reepithelization than the controls. The group receiving Synthroid produced bone replacement earlier than the controls. Epithelization occurred at essentially the same rate. When Durabolin and Synthroid were administered simultaneously, the animals demonstrated fewer inflammatory cells and less bone fill than the controls.
Temporal Issue Trend Identifications in Blogs (2009)

Many blog posts deal with current issues, so much attention has been paid to identifying topic trends in blogs. This paper suggests a new metric of selecting topic words. We empirically tested the accuracy and the performance of the metric with a massive blog corpus. First, we created blog site groups to their indegree influence. Second, we ran the metric with blog posts of each group. The test was encouraging because the metric identified key issues matching to the headlines of New York Times when it is applied to the top indegree blog group. We expect that this metric and the source grouping methods will be developed to a new topic analysis framework of a large blog corpus.
Targeted binding of PEG‐lipid modified polymer ultrasound contrast agents with tiered surface architecture (2010)

In order for site-directed polymer ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) to provide acoustic enhancement at disease sites to distinguish normal tissue from diseased tissue, the surface of these agents must be functionalized with mixtures of grafted polymers. Here a combination of longer liganded polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipids and shorter unliganded PEG-lipids were introduced into the oil phase of a modified solvent evaporation double emulsion method for preparing UCAs. UCAs with different lengths of both liganded and unliganded lipids were imaged under 7.5 MHz ultrasound. The B-mode image brightness of the mixed PEG-lipid UCAs was within 1 dB the brightness of the unliganded surface. After 15 min of continuous insonation, 70% of the contrast signal remained. The peptide arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD) was added to the surface of these UCAs through a biotin-avidin linkage and binding was assessed under static and shear conditions. Binding was significant after 30 min of static incubation and the adherence of the UCA increased under shear flow from 3 UCA/cell (static) to 5 UCA/cell (shear).
Altered Brain Serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor Binding After Recovery From Anorexia Nervosa Measured by Positron Emission Tomography and [Carbonyl11C]WAY-100635 (2005)

We observed increased 5-HT1A receptor binding in women who had recovered from bulimia-type AN but not restricting-type AN. However, 5-HT1A receptor binding was associated with a measure of anxiety in women recovered from restricting-type AN. These data add to a growing body of evidence showing that altered serotonergic function and anxiety symptoms persist after recovery from AN. These psychobiological alterations may be trait related and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AN.
In-vivo therapeutic efficacy in experimental murine mycoses of a new formulation of deoxycholate-amphotericin B obtained by mild heating [In Process Citation] (1998)

Heat-induced 'superaggregation' of deoxycholate-amphotericin B (AmB-DOC, Fungizone) was shown previously to reduce the in-vitro toxicity of this antifungal agent. We compared AmB-DOC with the formulation obtained by heating the commercial form (Fungizone, Bristol Myers Squibb, Paris, France) for 20 min at 70C, in the treatment of murine infections. An improvement of antifungal activity was obtained with heated AmB-DOC formulations due to a lower toxicity which allowed the administration of higher drug doses than those achievable with the commercial preparation. Single intravenous injections of heated AmB-DOC solutions were demonstrated to be two-fold less toxic than unheated ones to healthy mice. For mice infected with Candida albicans, the maximum tolerated dose was higher with heated than with unheated AmB-DOC solutions. In the model of murine candidiasis, following a single dose of heated AmB-DOC 0.5 mg/kg, 85% of mice survived for 3 weeks, whereas at this dose the immediate toxicity of the standard formulation in infected mice restricted the therapeutic efficacy to 25% survival. Both formulations were equally effective in increasing the survival time for murine cryptococcal pneumonia and meningoencephalitis. Injection of heated AmB-DOC solutions at a dose two-fold higher than the maximal tolerated dose observed with the unheated preparation (1.2 mg/kg) increased the survival time by a factor of 1.4 in cryptococcal meningoencephalitis. These results indicate that mild heat treatment of AmB-DOC solutions could provide a simple and economical method to improve the therapeutic index of this antifungal agent by reducing its toxicity on mammalian cells.
Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes−Polymer/Ag Hybrid Nanocomposites via Surface RAFT Polymerization (2007)

Polymer brushes with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) as backbones were synthesized by grafting 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) from the sidewall of MWNTs via surface reversible addition and fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization using RAFT agent immobilized MWNTs as chain transfer agent. After immobilization of the RAFT agent, poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) chains as water-soluble polymer chains were successfully grafted from the surface of MWNTs, resulting in the formation of core−shell nanostructures. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to determine chemical structure and the grafted polymer quantities of the resulting product. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images indicated that the nanotubes were coated with a polymer layer. Gel permeation chromatography analyses showed that the molecular weight of cleaved PHEMA increased linearly with the grafted polymer content and the cleaved PHEMA chains had a narrow molecular weight distribution. The PHEMA grafted MWNTs can be hydrolyzed by HCl solution to yield poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) grafted MWNTs, which have higher loading capacities for metal ions, such as Ag+. TEM and energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements confirmed the nanostructures and the components of the resulting MWNT-PMAA/Ag hybrid nanocomposites.