gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-frequency oscillations in human electromyograms during voluntary contractions (1986)

Spectral analysis was used to identify correlated sinusoidal frequency components in left and right side diaphragm electromyographic (EMG) recordings from human subjects during voluntary deep inspirations. In 31 of 33 subjects bilaterally correlated high-frequency oscillations were found in broad or narrow bands in the range of 60-84 and 16-40 Hz. To determine if such oscillations were associated also with bilaterally symmetric, phasic, voluntary activation of nonrespiratory muscles, we obtained EMG signals from left and right masseter muscles during clenching of the jaw; left and right sternomastoid muscles during lifting of the head against gravity; and left and right biceps muscles during lifting of a weighted bar. Weakly correlated frequency components, mainly at frequencies below 60 Hz, were found in the left and right masseter EMGs on at least one trial from 12 of 17 subjects. No bilaterally correlated frequency components were found during phasic contraction of biceps and sternomastoid muscles. Power spectra of biceps EMGs, however, sometimes exhibited peaks indicative of oscillations that were not bilaterally correlated. In nine subjects, correlated frequency components in the 60-84 Hz range were found in intercostal EMGs from the axillary region of the fifth interspace during voluntary deep inspirations but not during postural contractions. We conclude that high-frequency oscillations in the range of 60-84 Hz in diaphragm and intercostal EMGs are associated particularly with respiratory activation of respiratory muscles. These results support the hypothesis that high-frequency oscillations may be a manifestation of control of muscular contraction via a central pattern generator.
3D bioprinted glioma stem cells for brain tumor model and applications of drug susceptibility (2016)

Glioma is still difficult to treat because of its high malignancy, high recurrence rate, and high resistance to anticancer drugs. An alternative method for research of gliomagenesis and drug resistance is to use in vitro tumor model that closely mimics the in vivo tumor microenvironment. In this study, we established a 3D bioprinted glioma stem cell model, using modified porous gelatin/alginate/fibrinogen hydrogel that mimics the extracellular matrix. Glioma stem cells achieved a survival rate of 86.92%, and proliferated with high cellular activity immediately following bioprinting. During the in vitro culture period, the printed glioma stem cells not only maintained their inherent characteristics of cancer stem cells (Nestin), but also showed differentiation potential (glial fibrillary acidic protein and β-tubulin III). In order to verify the vascularization potential of glioma stem cells, tumor angiogenesis biomarker, vascular endothelial growth factor was detected by immunohistochemistry, and its expression increased from week one to three during the culture period. Drug-sensitivity results showed that 3D printed tumor model was more resistant to temozolomide than 2D monolayer model at TMZ concentrations of 400-1600 μg ml<sup>-1</sup>. In summary, 3D bioprinted glioma model provides a novel alternative tool for studying gliomagenesis, glioma stem cell biology, drug resistance, and anticancer drug susceptibility in vitro.
[Synthesis and analgesic activity of 1-substituted derivatives of 4-methoxycarbonyl-4-N-propionylanilinepiperidine]. (1990)

In this paper, the synthesis and analgesic activities of a series of 1-substituted derivatives of N-[1-(2-phenylethyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl]-N-propionylanil ine (4-methoxycarbonyl fentanyl) are reported. Preliminary pharmacological results showed that most compounds in this series exhibited typical morphine-like action and that replacement of beta-phenyl group in the 1-position of piperidine ring of 4-methoxycarbonyl fentanyl by some substituents e.g., some substituted vinyl groups, heterocyclic (or alcyclic) radicals, alkyl groups or N-methyl-anilino groups, can keep strong analgesic activity. Especially, some substituted vinyl groups were found to be effective groups which could replace 1-beta-phenyl group of 4-methoxycarbonyl fentanyl. Compounds N-[1-(3, 4-dimethyl-3-pentenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- propionylaniline(1321) and N-[1-(4-methyl-3-pentenyl)-4-methoxycarbonyl-4-piperidinyl]-N- propionylaniline(1302) exhibited higher analgesic activity than that of 4-methoxycarbonyl fentanyl.
Dual-Purpose Offline LED Driver for Illumination and Visible Light Communication (2014)

This paper presents a dual-purpose offline LED driver with illumination control and visible light communications (VLC). LEDs, due to their nonlinear I-V characteristics, are driven by constant current sources. The proposed dual-purpose offline LED driver realizes a constant current source by a buck converter without a capacitor using average current mode control. VLC is implemented through variable pulse position modulation scheme using a shunt switch in parallel to LED string. Conventional LED drivers are typically designed to perform illumination control with pulsewidth modulation (PWM) dimming at low frequencies (<; 20 kHz), which results in audible noise due to the mechanical vibrations of inductors and piezoelectric properties of ceramic capacitors. The proposed converter presents an illumination control with PWM dimming frequencies above the audible range. The detailed control and modeling of the proposed dual-purpose LED driver using high-frequency model of LED string is discussed. The effects of the phosphor on phosphor-based white LEDs for VLC are reported. The proposed driver is experimentally evaluated on 110/120 ac mains with 450-lm output. The linear characteristics of PWM dimming for data transfer of 2 Mb/s are demonstrated. Detailed simulation and experimental results to validate the operation of the proposed converter are presented.
Hard horns improve cluster feeds of satellite antennas (1988)

A major problem in many contoured-beam satellite antennas is that nearly half the power radiated by the cluster feed is lost as spillover into space. This spillover may be reduced considerably by using hard horns as cluster elements.
P‐115: Broad Band Selective Reflection from a Single Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Layer with a Helical Pitch Gradient and its Applications (2009)

Abstract We have succeeded in obtaining broadband selective reflection over the entire visible spectrum from a single cholesteric liquid crystal layer with a helical pitch gradient. The broadband cholesteric layer is applied to brightness enhancement films for LCD, to decorative films with metallic reflection, and to IR shielding films. The decorative film and the IR shielding film are immune to radio wave for telecommunication.
A GROUND-WATER RECHARGE STUDY IN NORTH EASTERN JORDAN. (1966)

Keywords SIR M MACDONALD, READING UNIVERSITY GROUNDWATER, RECHARGE, STUDIES, QUANTITATIVE, METHODS, PRECIPITATION, RECORDS, RUNOFF, WADIS, EVAPORATION, ESTIMATING, PENMAN, FORMULAE, CLIMATE, POTENTIAL, RAINFALL, SOILS, VEGETATION, CLASSIFICATION JORDAN... Show All
Cellular mechanism of the functional refractory period in ventricular muscle. (1990)

A premature action potential elicited in ventricular muscle during the functional refractory period of a preceding action potential requires an increased stimulus intensity for successful propagation. We measured the cellular basis for these relative decreases in tissue excitability during the recovery phase by performing parallel experiments on rabbit left papillary muscle and isolated rabbit ventricular cells in addition to conducting theoretical studies with numerical simulations of action potential initiation. For each experimental preparation, the pacing protocol consisted of a train of 10 stimuli (S1) at an S1-S1 interval of 500 msec with a premature stimulus (S2) of variable S1-S2 intervals following the tenth S1 action potential. The stimulus threshold for initiation of an S2 action potential (I2) was then measured as a function of the time of occurrence of the S2 stimulus relative to the time of 95% repolarization of the tenth S1 action potential (stimulus delay [SD] time). In the tissue preparation, the I2 increased sharply for SD times less than 0 msec to a value that was 100% above the S1 stimulus threshold for SD time = -5 +/- 2.4 msec (n = 8). Similar experiments on the isolated ventricular cell showed no increases in I2 as a function of SD time but rather significant decreases in both the action potential amplitude (APA) and the maximum rate of rise of the action potential upstroke (Vmax) of the S2 action potential. The APA and Vmax for the S2 action potential were decreased to 50% of the S1 action potential values for SD time = -5.2 +/- 2.1 msec and SD time = 0.3 +/- 1.6 msec, respectively (n = 8). Both parameters reached 100% recovery by SD time = 10 msec. These results and our numerical simulations are consistent with the hypothesis that the decreases in tissue excitability that occur with premature stimulation have a cellular mechanism as a result of a decrease in cellular responsiveness (APA, Vmax) rather than an intrinsic decrease in cellular excitability.
Electromechanics of Electrofluidized Beds (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectromechanics of Electrofluidized BedsThomas W. Johnson and James R. MelcherCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1975, 14, 3, 146–153Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160055a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i160055a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mechanism of smoke‐induced seed germination in a post‐fire chaparral annual (1998)

1 Smoke‐stimulated germination in the post‐fire flora of California chaparral does not appear to be triggered by nitrate. Application of freshly prepared unbuffered KNO 3 solutions (pH c. 6.2) failed to enhance germination of five populations of Emmenanthe penduliflora or one Phacelia grandiflora population, regardless of light or stratification conditions. 2 KNO 3 buffered at acidic pH (or unbuffered solutions equilibrated with atmospheric CO 2 ) did induce germination, but KNO 3 solutions at pH 7 failed to induce germination. Induction of germination is therefore not due to the nitrate ion per se , but rather to high [H + ], although buffered controls gave weak germination at low pH, suggesting a role for H + plus nitrate. However, other anions such as sulphate were equally as effective as nitrate at breaking dormancy. 3 The germination response to KNO 3 was affected by the type of filter paper used and this may be linked to differences in pH. 4 NO 2 , at concentrations present in biomass smoke, was highly effective at inducing germination, and other oxidizing agents also induced germination. 5 Several growth regulators, including nitrite and gibberellin, were stimulatory only at acidic pH, but KCN was stimulatory across a broad pH range. 6 Germination decreased at smoke exposures longer than a few minutes. Also, smoked water samples effective at breaking dormancy were acidic and were less effective when buffered to pH >7. 7 Physical scarification of the seed coat induced germination but the effect was not due to penetration of a water barrier, or to enhanced oxygen uptake or to wound responses such as CO 2 or ethylene production. 8 Different effects of the gibberellin inhibitor CCC (chlorocholine chloride) suggested that the mechanisms of scarification‐induced and smoke‐induced germination may differ. 9 We conclude that either oxidizing gases in smoke and/or acids generated on burnt sites play a role in germination of post‐fire annuals in chaparral.
Acquisition of susceptibility to hepatitis C virus replication in HepG2 cells by fusion with primary human hepatocytes: Establishment of a quantitative assay for hepatitis C virus infectivity in a cell culture system (2001)

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicates in human and chimpanzee hepatocytes. To characterize the nature of HCV and evaluate antiviral agents, the development of an HCV replication system in a cell culture is essential. We developed a cell line derived from human hepatocytes by fusing them with a hepatoblastoma cell line, HepG2, and obtained several clones. When we tested the clones for their ability to support HCV replication by nested RT-PCR, we found 1 clone (IMY-N9) that was more susceptible to HCV replication than HepG2. The negative-strand HCV RNA was detected in IMY-N9 by strand-specific RT-PCR, and viral RNA was identified in culture supernatant during the culture. Then we monitored HCV RNA titers in IMY-N9 and HepG2, respectively, by real-time detection PCR throughout the culture. A significant increase in the HCV RNA titer was observed only in IMY-N9. Serial passages of HCV culture supernatant were shown in the culture system. Furthermore, we tested several infectious materials for viral infectivity by monitoring HCV RNA titers and/or 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) of HCV on IMY-N9. In each material, HCV showed various growth patterns and a different TCID50 even though the PCR titer in each material was identical. The results showed that HCV in each material served various growth patterns and different TCID50 even though PCR titer in each material was identical. This cell line is useful for estimating viral activity and for studying cellular factors that may be necessary to HCV replication in human hepatocytes.
dCas9-based epigenome editing suggests acquisition of histone methylation is not sufficient for target gene repression (2017)

Distinct epigenomic profiles of histone marks have been associated with gene expression, but questions regarding the causal relationship remain. Here we investigated the activity of a broad collection of genomically targeted epigenetic regulators that could write epigenetic marks associated with a repressed chromatin state (G9A, SUV39H1, Krüppel-associated box (KRAB), DNMT3A as well as the first targetable versions of Ezh2 and Friend of GATA-1 (FOG1)). dCas9 fusions produced target gene repression over a range of 0- to 10-fold that varied by locus and cell type. dCpf1 fusions were unable to repress gene expression. The most persistent gene repression required the action of several effector domains; however, KRAB-dCas9 did not contribute to persistence in contrast to previous reports. A 'direct tethering' strategy attaching the Ezh2 methyltransferase enzyme to dCas9, as well as a 'recruitment' strategy attaching the N-terminal 45 residues of FOG1 to dCas9 to recruit the endogenous nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex, were both successful in targeted deposition of H3K27me3. Surprisingly, however, repression was not correlated with deposition of either H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Our results suggest that so-called repressive histone modifications are not sufficient for gene repression. The easily programmable dCas9 toolkit allowed precise control of epigenetic information and dissection of the relationship between the epigenome and gene regulation.
Cell number and chondrogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cell aggregates is affected by the sulfation level of heparin used as a cell coating (2016)

For particular cell-based therapies, it may be required to culture mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) aggregates with growth factors to promote cell proliferation and/or differentiation. Heparin, a negatively charged glycosaminoglycan (GAG) is known to play an important role in sequestration of positively charged growth factors and, when incorporated within cellular aggregates, could be used to promote local availability of growth factors. We have developed a heparin-based cell coating and we believe that the electrostatic interaction between native heparin and the positively charged growth factors will result in (1) higher cell number in response to fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and 2) greater chondrogenic differentiation in response to transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), compared to a desulfated heparin coating. Results revealed that in the presence of FGF-2, by day 14, heparin-coated MSC aggregates increased in DNA content 8.5 ± 1.6 fold compared to day 1, which was greater than noncoated and desulfated heparin-coated aggregates. In contrast, when cultured in the presence of TGF-β1, by day 21, desulfated heparin-coated aggregates upregulated gene expression of collagen II by 86.5 ± 7.5 fold and collagen X by 37.1 ± 4.7 fold, which was higher than that recorded in the noncoated and heparin-coated aggregates. These observations indicate that this coating technology represents a versatile platform to design MSC culture systems with pairings of GAGs and growth factors that can be tailored to overcome specific challenges in scale-up and culture for MSC-based therapeutics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1817-1829, 2016.
Test and evaluation of multiple embedded mixed-signal test cores (2003)

The simultaneous operation of multiple embedded analog test cores is investigated through experiments on a prototype integrated circuit containing eight such cores. Each core consists of a scan memory, some passive filters, and a fully synchronized integrated waveform digitizer for signal extraction. The circuit supports fully differential signal generation and digitization and employs common circuit techniques to enhance robustness to process variation. Simultaneous operation is demonstrated to achieve over 12-bits of amplitude resolution and more than 70 dB SFDR over a 20 MHz bandwidth. Matching issues are investigated, and instrument uniformity across about 250 cores is verified by measuring waveform generator offset errors, digitizer offset errors, and test core frequency response variability.
Dearomatisation by use of multifunctional reagents: reaction of bis-(1-chloroformyl)-diphenylamine with imidazole derivatives (1976)

Benzimidazole is dearomatised by the diphenyl-amine derivative (1) to the novel hexacyclic system (5), the structure of which is confirmed by X-ray analysis; imidazole under similar conditions yields the bimolecular derivative (7).
Probabilistic worst-case response-time analysis for the controller area network (2004)

This paper presents a novel approach for calculating a probabilistic worst-case response-time for messages in the Controller Area Network (CAN). CAN uses a bit-stuffing mechanism to exclude forbidden bit-patterns within a message frame. The added bits eliminate the forbidden patterns but cause an increase in frame length. How much the length is increased depends on the bit-pattern of the original message frame. Traditional response-time analysis methods assume that all frames have a worst-case number of stuff-bits. This introduces pessimism in the analysis. In this paper we introduce an analysis approach based on using probability distributions to model the number of stuff-bits. The new analysis additionally opens tip for making trade-offs between reliability and timeliness, in the sense that the analysis will provide a certain probability for missing deadlines, which in the reliability analysis can be treated as a probability of failure. We evaluate the performance of our method using a subset of the SAE/sup 1/ benchmark.
Sarcopenia: An Overview on Current Definitions, Diagnosis and Treatment (2017)

Sarcopenia, the progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength/function associated with aging, increases the risk of a vast array of adverse health outcomes, including falls, morbidity, loss of independence, disability, and mortality. As such, sarcopenia poses a huge socioeconomic burden in developed countries. The development and implementation of effective interventions against sarcopenia are therefore a public health priority. A preliminary, fundamental step in such a process entails the agreement of researchers, healthcare professionals and policymakers around a unique operational definition of sarcopenia. This will facilitate the framing of a clear clinical entity to be incorporated in standard practice, the understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, and the identification of biological targets for drug development.
重视中国汽车导航市场仅次于日本——访松下电器全球市场营销部经理 加藤和彦 (2005)

松下电器在中国运行长达一年半之久的汽车导航项目日前正式露出水面，首款面对中国的汽车导航产品——Strada速达路“CN-D100H”正式发售。紧接着在上海成立松下汽车电子系统公司。专攻汽车电子产业，标志着松下进一步加强拓展中国汽车领域。
Data allocation and spatio-temporal implications for video-on-demand systems (2002)

As the number of video streams to be supported by a digital video delivery system (DVDS) increases, we more and more start to understand that the ability to reliably and cost-efficiently support a considerable number of video streams (in the magnitude of tens of thousands) largely depends on software capabilities. Even in the presence of the best hardware configuration (not ignoring software vs hardware costs), the software exploitation of the hardware capabilities is of paramount importance. It is imperative that current software developments account for the eventual scalability of the number of video streams without commensurate increase in hardware. We present strategies for the management of video streams in order to maintain and satisfy their space and time requirements. We present a detailed analysis of the issues related to queuing I/O requests and data buffering. The designs for the arrangement and scheduling of I/O requests and data buffers are presented with the objective of guaranteeing the required data availability rates for continuous media display.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The conversion technology of fly ash into zeolites (2014)

This paper presents a sub-pilot scale process of synthesis of Na-P1 zeolite from the coal fly ash. After establishing the appropriate synthesis conditions (20 kg of fly ash, 12 kg of NaOH, 90 dm3 of water, the reaction temperature: 80 °C and reaction time: 36 h), the high-purity (81 wt%) Na-P1 zeolite product was obtained. Its chemical, mineralogical, and textural properties were determined (by means of XRD, XRF, SEM–EDS and ASAP 2020). The synthesized material has a specific BET surface area (88 m2/g) c.a. six times higher than the fly ash from which it has been derived (15 m2/g). The pore-size distribution indicates a mesoporous character of the obtained zeolite, with the following pores size contents: micropores (2.76 %), mesopores (61.81 %), and macropores (35.43 %). The presented technological/production line is fully automated and allows to regulate the conditions of the synthesis process, therefore different types of zeolite materials (including: Na-X, Linde-A, and Na-P1) can be obtained using the same equipment.