gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of apoptosis by ribosome-inactivating proteins and related immunotoxins (1996)

Immunotoxins have been prepared with 3 ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs), namely, momordin, pokeweed anti-viral protein from seeds (PAP-S) and saporin, linked to the Ber-H2 monoclonal antibody directed against the CD30 antigen of human lymphocytes. Either the RIPs or the immunotoxins induced apoptosis in the CD30+ L540 cell line, as shown by the morphological aspects of the cells, by the DNA fragmentation visible at the electrophoresis, and by the formation of DNA breaks evidenced by 2 cytofluorometric techniques (propidium-iodide staining and fluoresceine-isothiocyanate conjugate dUTP incorporation). The AC50 (concentration causing apoptosis in 50% of the cells) is in the range 10(-8) to 10(-7) M in the case of RIPs, and 10(-11) to 10(-10) M in the case of the immunotoxins.
Resolution Appropriate Overset Grid Assembly for Structured and Unstructured Grids (2003)

The assembly of an overset grid system requires two different resolution scales to perform the required holecutting and donor cell location. The assembly of nearbody grids, with overlapping surface grids and possible viscous layers, requires high-resolution and special procedures to produce an accurate assembly. Fortunately, in most moving body cases, this near-body grid assembly is static and must be performed only once. In contrast, the assembly of off-body grids is characterized by larger size cells and needs less stringent tolerances. This off-body grid assembly may have to be performed many times in a moving body problem, and an efficient process is desirable. A new process that splits the assembly of an overset grid system into a near-body and off-body process is detailed in this paper.
Stress simulations for optimal mobility group IV p- and nMOS FinFETs for the 14 nm node and beyond (2012)

Calculations of stress enhanced mobilities are performed for n- and p-FinFETs with both Si and Ge channels for the 14 nm node and beyond. Relaxed Ge p-FinFETs and even Ge with a GeSn5% source / drain stressor cannot outperform strained Si. However, growing the Ge channel strained on a SiGe75% strain relaxed buffer (SRB) provides a 49% mobility boost over strained Si. For Si n-FinFETs, SRB mobility boost is also possible, with Si on a SiGe 25% SRB improving mobility by 83%. Addition of a Si:C 2% S/D stressor increases that benefit to 109%. For Ge n-FinFETs, relaxed channels outperform strained Si by 120%, owing primarily to the 6× increase in fin sidewall mobility. Adding a SiGe 75% S/D stressor increases that benefit to 210%. In general, the SRB stressors have excellent scalability to future nodes. TCAD trends are qualitatively confirmed by Nano-Beam Diffraction.
Structure-function studies on bacteriorhodopsin. V. Effects of amino acid substitutions in the putative helix F. (1987)

To test structural and mechanistic proposals about bacteriorhodopsin, a series of analogues with single amino acid substitutions has been studied. Mutants in the proposed helix F of bacteriorhodopsin were chosen for investigation because of the probable interaction of this part of the protein with the retinal chromophore. Seven mutants of the bacteriorhodopsin gene were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis, and the gene products were expressed in Escherichia coli. The resulting mutant proteins were purified and assayed for their ability to interact with retinal in phospholipid/detergent micelles to form a bacteriorhodopsin-like chromophore. Four mutants, Ser-183----Ala, Tyr-185----Phe, Ser-193----Ala, and Glu-194----Gln, bound retinal to give pigments with absorption maxima approximately the same as the wild type. Three mutant opsins bound retinal to give chromophores that were blue-shifted relative to the wild type. Two Trp----Phe substitutions at positions 182 and 189 gave absorption maxima of 480 and 524 nm, respectively, and the mutant Pro-186----Leu gave a pigment with an absorption maximum of 470 nm. However, none of the amino acid substitutions eliminated the ability of the mutant bacteriorhodopsin to pump protons in response to illumination.
Learning Image-Text Associations (2008)

Web information fusion can be defined as the problem of collating and tracking information related to specific topics on the World Wide Web. Whereas most existing work on Web information fusion has focused on text-based multidocument summarization, this paper concerns the topic of image and text association, a cornerstone of cross-media Web information fusion. Specifically, we present two learning methods for discovering the underlying associations between images and texts based on small training data sets. The first method based on vague transformation measures the information similarity between the visual features and the textual features through a set of predefined domain-specific information categories. Another method uses a neural network to learn direct mapping between the visual and textual features by automatically and incrementally summarizing the associated features into a set of information templates. Despite their distinct approaches, our experimental results on a terrorist domain document set show that both methods are capable of learning associations between images and texts from a small training data set.
A fully-integrated single-chip SOC for Bluetooth (2002)

A 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS IC contains all analog and digital electronics required for a point-to-multipoint Bluetooth node. The circuit includes RF front-end and digital baseband processor, microprocessor and flash memory with software stack. The 41 mm/sup 2/ die has 15 dB noise figure and 2 dBm maximum transmitter output, and consumes 125 mW at 2.5 V during receive.
Photolysis of nitric acid vapor (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTPhotolysis of nitric acid vaporHarold S. Johnston, Shih-Ger Chang, and Gary WhittenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 1, 1–7Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100594a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100594a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Discerning the role of FOXA1 in mammary gland development and breast cancer (2011)

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with distinct subtypes that are predictive of patient prognosis.Luminal subtype tumors confer the most favorable prognosis due to ER-positivity and response to endocrine therapies.In contrast, basal-like subtype tumors confer the worst prognosis due to intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy and the lack of targeted therapies.The forkhead box transcription factor, FOXA1, is found exclusively in luminal tumors, and positively correlates with ER and survival.Prior to our study, FOXA1 was known to mediate the development of many tissues and be required for ER transcriptional activity in breast cancer cells.Given these findings, along with the requirement for ER in mammary morphogenesis, we hypothesized that FOXA1 would be similarly necessary in this process.Using Foxa1 null mice, we found FOXA1 is required for hormone-induced ductal invasion.Mammary glands null for Foxa1 lack epithelial ER.The regulation of ER by FOXA1 is similarly observed in breast cancer cells.These results revealed that FOXA1 is not only required for ER activity, but also for its expression, and provided a mechanism for the ductal phenotype in Foxa1 knockout glands.The positive correlation between FOXA1 and ER in breast tumors is significant, but not perfect.FOXA1 is also expressed in luminal breast tumors and cell lines in the absence of ER prompting us to investigate an ER-independent role for FOXA1 in maintaining the luminal subtype.FOXA1 silencing in ER-positive and ER-negative luminal breast cancer cells decreases luminal gene expression, and concomitantly increases basal gene expression.These cells are also more aggressive in vitro, indicating a shift toward the basal phenotype.FOXA1 binds to a subset of basal genes, and thus, is likely orchestrating repression of these genes at the transcriptional level.These data implicate FOXA1 as a mediator of breast cellular plasticity, and suggest that therapeutically reducing FOXA1 in luminal tumors will increase disease aggressiveness.Combined, this dissertation research has detailed the role for FOXA1 in the normal mammary gland and its importance in luminal breast cancer.Our results have led to numerous testable hypotheses that will continue to advance our understanding of FOXA1 in breast cancer.
Electrically tunable hot-silicon terahertz attenuator (2014)

We have developed a continuously tunable, broadband terahertz attenuator with a transmission tuning range greater than 103. Attenuation tuning is achieved electrically, by simply changing the DC voltage applied to a heating wire attached to a bulk silicon wafer, which controls its temperature between room temperature and ∼550 K, with the corresponding free-carrier density adjusted between ∼1011 cm−3 and ∼1017 cm−3. This “hot-silicon”-based terahertz attenuator works most effectively at 450–550 K (corresponding to a DC voltage variation of only ∼7 V) and completely shields terahertz radiation above 550 K in a frequency range of 0.1–2.5 THz. Both intrinsic and doped silicon wafers were tested and demonstrated to work well as a continuously tunable attenuator. All behaviors can be understood quantitatively via the free-carrier Drude model taking into account thermally activated intrinsic carriers.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis: progress towards a vaccine (2008)

Leishmaniases are vector-borne diseases due to the protozoan parasite Leishmania . Since no prevention method is available and as current therapy is costly, often poorly tolerated and not always efficacious, the development of alternative therapies, including vaccines, constitutes the priority in the fight of Leishmania infection. This review focuses on recent advances in the development of vaccines against leishmaniasis, with emphasis on the cutaneous form. Indeed, the fact that recovery from leishmaniasis is associated with immunity against new infection provides a rational basis for the development of vaccination strategy against infection with Leishmania . Evidence from animal studies demonstrate that protection can be achieved following infection with live-attenuated Leishmania as well as through immunization with purified proteins or DNA vaccines. In addition, recent results have shown that immunization against the saliva of the insect vector could have synergistic effects with conventional vaccination. Finally, vaccination using dendritic cells was recently demonstrated as a possible tool for Leishmania vaccination.
Hyperlipoproteinemic low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice are more susceptible to sepsis than corresponding wild-type mice (2003)

High circulating concentrations of lipoproteins have been shown to modify the cytokine response and reduce mortality after endotoxin or live bacterial challenge. Sepsis, however, is more complex than endotoxemia, and it is not clear whether elevated plasma lipoproteins will be protective. Previous studies have shown that the low-density-lipoprotein receptor deficient (LDLR —/— ) mice with increased circulating LDL are protected against the lethal effects of endotoxemia and Gram-negative infection. We evaluated whether the LDLR —/— mice would be protected against the effects of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Mortality was greater in LDLR —/ — mice than in control C57Bl/6J mice. At 120 h after inducing sepsis, 20% of the control mice survived whereas none of the LDLR —/— mice were alive. Prior to inducing sepsis, serum concentrations of amyloid A protein and lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) were significantly elevated in the LDLR —/— mice in comparison to the C57Bl/6J mice. Protein expression of sCD14 was also greater in the serum from the LDLR —/ — mice than the C57Bl/6J mice. The elevated serum concentrations of LBP and CD14 were not associated with increases in the levels of liver CD14 mRNA and LBP mRNA. After inducing sepsis, serum concentration of interleukin (IL)-1β was also significantly higher in LDLR — /— mice than in the control C57Bl/6J mice. These findings indicate that the LDLR — /— mice were more susceptible to the lethal effects of sepsis induced by CLP. The LDLR — /— mice also had higher serum concentrations of baseline, acute phase response proteins, SAA and LBP, and increased production of IL-1β in response to CLP.
Modelling, calibration and rendition of colour logarithmic CMOS image sensors (2003)

Logarithmic CMOS image sensors encode a high dynamic range scene in a manner that roughly approximates human perception whereas linear sensors with equivalent quantisation suffer from saturation or loss of detail. Moreover, the continuous response of logarithmic pixels permit high frame rates and random access, features that are useful in motion detection. This paper describes how to model, calibrate and render pixel responses from a colour logarithmic sensor into a standard colour space. The work unifies colour theory in conventional linear sensors and fixed pattern noise theory in monochromatic logarithmic sensors. Experiments with a Fuga 15RGB sensor demonstrate calibration and rendition using a Macbeth chart and neutral density filters. Colour rendition of the sensor with an empirical model, tested over three decades of dynamic range, competes with conventional digital cameras, tested over 1.5 decades. Photodiode leakage currents complicate modelling and calibration and degrade rendition in dim lighting.
Instrument Review: Performance of the Applescope System in Laboratory Signal Collection and Averaging (1984)

ABSTRACT Effects of pulse width using external triggering on performance of modified Apple lIe computer were investigated. Regular synchronous collection of signal using digital signal averaging with commercially available hardware and software (ApplescopeR) was dependent upon characteristics of external triggering including pulse width. Minimum width of trigger pulses for acceptable performance was determined to be a function of user-specified time base and was thoroughly characterized. Frequency response as a function of signal amplitude was also characterized.
Balancing register pressure and context-switching delays in ASTI systems (2005)

This paper makes two contributions to Asynchronous Software Thread Integration (ASTI). First, it presents methods to calculate worst-case secondary thread performance statically. This will enable real-time performance guarantees for the system in future work. Second, it improves the run-time performance of integrated threads by partitioning the register file, allowing faster coroutine calls. Determining the ideal partitioning of the register file is non-trivial if the registers are heterogeneous, which is a common case. We use an exhaustive search to explore the limits of performance possible.We have implemented these analyses in our research compiler Thrint and a shell script to create an automated system for design space exploration. We present experimental results showing the secondary thread performance attainable on an 8-bit embedded microcontroller of the AVR architecture. We automatically integrate two embedded protocols (CAN and MIL-STD-1553B) and two secondary threads (PID controller and serial host interface) and find that in most cases the AVR's 32 registers are adequate for both threads with no slowdown. In two cases slowdowns reach 1.8%, a negligible penalty.
Comparing voice chat and text chat in a communication tool for interactive television (2006)

Talking during the course of a television program is something that has been done almost since the introduction of the television in the household, and is one of the most important social uses of television. Interactive television extends this concept beyond the family household, making it possible to talk with family and friends at remote households. This particular study looks at two modes of communication, more specifically voice chat and text chat, and what the advantages and disadvantages are of these systems when communicating while watching television. The results show that voice chat is considered more natural and direct, and makes it easier to keep on following the program. Text chat is more preferred by younger users and users having more experience with chatting on computers, and is therefore interesting to use in interactive services specifically aimed at youngsters. In both cases, our study shows that such systems should be carefully designed to divide attention between watching and communicating in such a way that distraction from the television program is minimized.
Flexible Treatment Program for Controlling H2S in FPSO Produced-Water Tanks (2007)

Summary Tanks used to store produced water on floating production, storage, and offloading units (FPSOs) are extremely susceptible to generation of high hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels because of the activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The FPSOs operated by Petrobras in the Campos basin, offshore Brazil, all contain slop-water tanks, while some also have upstream oil/waterseparation tankage. Slop water, including produced water, ballast water from oil cargo ships, and deck water, contains SRB and their nutrients required for generating H2S. Additionally, solids accumulations at the tank bottoms provide an excellent environment for microbial growth. A 2002 field trial on an FPSO confirmed the viability of combined batch treatments using anthraquinone (AQ) and a THPS blend and their effectiveness in controlling H2S biogeneration better than previous treatment programs. AQ, a nontoxic SRB inhibitor, and tetrakishydroxymethyl phosphonium sulfate proprietary blend (THPS), an oilfield biocide, act synergistically to provide effective control of H2S biogeneration in this environment. The combined-chemical treatment strategy has now been implemented successfully on six Petrobras FPSOs. Flexibility has been important in developing the treatment programs because operating parameters are different for each FPSO and change with increased water-production rates. Options include the ability to inject the chemicals continuously or batchwise at different locations and to alter the volumes and ratios of chemicals for optimizing control over H2S and corrosion. This paper describes the individual FPSO water-flow and water-storage systems and discusses the customized chemical treatment programs. Included are field H2S data showing the evolution of the programs as they are being continually adjusted to optimize control of H2S generation and cost-effectiveness. Also included are results of laboratory microbial studies showing the synergy of anthraquinone and THPS and of corrosion studies that have impacted the direction of usage of these chemicals. With more than 100 FPSOs operating worldwide, the treatment program described can significantly affect the safety and environmental aspects of processing water containing SRB.
Developmental genetics of drosophila (1999)

Developmental Genetics of Drosophila. A. Ghysen (Ed). Bilbao: UBC Press. International Journal of Developmental Biology, vol. 42, no. 3, pp 229–540 Though published as an issue of the IJDB, this volume can be bought separately from the publishers. The price is 7000 pesetas, which includes handling and airmail postage, and is payable by Visa/Mastercard or check. Payment by credit card can be by letter, fax or E-mail with card details and should be sent to: University of the Basque Country Press/Journals Subscription Department, Post Box 1397, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain. Tel: (34)-(94)-601 2000 Ext. 5126; Fax: (34)-(94)-480 1314; E-mail: luxedito@lg.ehu.es
Spike Frequency Adaptation and Neocortical Rhythms (2002)

Spike-frequency adaptation in neocortical pyramidal neurons was examined using the whole cell patch-clamp technique and a phenomenological model of neuronal activity. Noisy current was injected to reproduce the irregular firing typically observed under in vivo conditions. The response was quantified by computing the poststimulus histogram (PSTH). To simulate the spiking activity of a pyramidal neuron, we considered an integrate-and-fire model to which an adaptation current was added. A simplified model for the mean firing rate of an adapting neuron under noisy conditions is also presented. The mean firing rate model provides a good fit to both experimental and simulation PSTHs and may therefore be used to study the response characteristics of adapting neurons to various input currents. The models enable identification of the relevant parameters of adaptation that determine the shape of the PSTH and allow the computation of the response to any change in injected current. The results suggest that spike frequency adaptation determines a preferred frequency of stimulation for which the phase delay of a neuron's activity relative to an oscillatory input is zero. Simulations show that the preferred frequency of single neurons dictates the frequency of emergent population rhythms in large networks of adapting neurons. Adaptation could therefore be one of the crucial factors in setting the frequency of population rhythms in the neocortex.
Effects of β-Endorphin and Morphine on the Sleep-Wakefulness Behavior of Cats (1981)

The effects of beta-endorphin and of morphine SO4 (0.5 microgram and 2.0 microgram, respectively, injected intraventricularly) upon the sleep-wakefulness behavior of cats were examined. Both agents produced insomnia. Deep slow wave sleep was sharply inhibited, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was entirely suppressed. Light slow wave sleep, occurring in brief, isolated episodes, became the most abundant stage of sleep. The nuchal electromyogram was markedly increased after both agents. Naloxone (100 microgram/kg), injected subcutaneously 30 min before beta-endorphin or morphine SO4, entirely reversed these agents' effects on the two stages of slow wave sleep, and antagonized the exaggerated electromyogram. But naloxone did not counteract the REM-suppressant effect of either beta-endorphin or morphine SO4. Total sleep time reverted towards control values after naloxone pretreatment, but not entirely; the difference may be due to the persistent deficit of REM sleep. The data may indicate an involvement of an inner opioid in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness in the cat, and may point to a role for more than one endorphin receptor in the effects of opioids on the states of vigilance in cats.