gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of Multimodal Feedback in Retraining Complex Technical Skills of Piano Performance (2005)

Piano students working to improve technique often practice the same passage over and over to achieve accuracy, increase speed, or perfect interpretive nuance. However, without proper skeletal alignment of hands, arms, and shoulders and balance between the muscles involved, such repetition may lead to difficulties with, rather than mastery of, technique and stylistic interpretation and even physical injury. A variety of technologies have been developed to monitor skeletal alignment and muscle balance that serve to help students and teachers make needed corrections during performance by providing immediate biofeedback. This paper describes and illustrates a multimodal use of these biofeedback technologies and the powerful advantages of such a multimodal approach in making the student and teacher not only aware of improper alignments and balances in real time (or for later review) but also aware of approaches to correct them and improve musical outcome. The modalities consist of hearing playback through a Disklavier piano; simultaneous visual feedback displayed as a piano roll screen of what was played; video recording synchronized with the Disklavier and piano roll feedback; motion analysis of the arms, hands, and fingers; and electromyographic recordings of the muscle actions involved.
Perceived Exertion (1984)

Physical therapists are well aware of the physiological responses to exercise. The process by which these underlying mechanisms contribute to the perceptual response of perceived exertion is generally less familiar. The purpose of this article is to summarize briefly some of the current major concepts about perceived exertion and to indicate, where possible, the potential significance of these concepts for physical therapy.
cDNA cloning and expression of the flavoprotein <scp>d</scp>-aspartate oxidase from bovine kidney cortex (1997)

The isolation and sequencing of the complete cDNA coding for a d-aspartate oxidase, as well as the overexpression of the recombinant active enzyme, are reported for the first time. This 2022 bp cDNA, beside the coding portion, comprises a 5' untranslated tract and the whole 3' region including the polyadenylation signal and the poly(A) tail. The encoded protein comprises 341 amino acids, with the last three residues (-Ser-Lys-Leu) representing a peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), hitherto unknown for this protein. The overexpression of recombinant d-aspartate oxidase was achieved in a prokaryotic system, and a soluble and active enzyme was obtained which accounted for about 10% of total bacterial protein. Comparisons with the known cDNAs for mammalian d-amino acid oxidase, another peroxisomal enzyme, are also made. The close structural and functional similarities shared by these enzymes at the protein level are not reflected at the nucleic acid level.
Double isotope dilution derivative assay of digitoxin in plasma, urine, and stool of patients maintained on the drug. (1966)

Although the cardiac glycosides have been used extensively since Withering published his observations on the effects of foxglove nearly two hundred years ago (1), their distribution and metabolism and the cellular basis of their action in man are unknown. The lack of sufficiently sensitive, chemically specific methods of assay has hampered studies of the biologic behavior of these compounds.
Estimating the radial distortion of an optical system; effect on a localization process (2002)

Presents a method for estimating the radial distortion generated by the lenses of an optical system. This method is based on the properties of a projective invariant: the cross ratio of four collinear points. It provides an iterative correction algorithm which computes images of planar grids. The calculated distortion curve is modeled by a cubic B-spline. Experiments with both synthetic and real data prove the validity of the approach. Furthermore, to show the effect of the radial distortion correction, results of different localization processes applied to corrected and uncorrected images are reported and compared.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Sophisticated RFID Application on Multi-Factor Authentication (2011)

Authentication is the process of verifying a user's credentials when they are requesting services from any secure system. The most commonly form of authentication is the single-factor authentication, which only requires one factor for the user to log into the system. In this case, the username and password together act as a single-factor. A more secure technique is the multi-factor authentication, which requires more than one factor to gain access into a particular system. In this paper, we propose a RFID Factor Authentication Application (RFAA), an enhanced technique from Sof Token that acts as a technique for two-factor authentication. The RFAA not only sustains the next level of security but also is proven to prevent most of security breaches.
Flow Control in Local-Area Networks of Interconnected Token Rings (1985)

We investigate flow-control issues in local-area networks consisting of multiple token rings interconnected through bridges. To achieve high throughput, bridges perform only a very simple routing and store-and-forward function, but are not involved in error- or flowcontrol. In case of congestion, bridges discard arriving frames, which will be recovered through an appropriate end-to-end protocol between the communicating stations. The end-to-end protocol considered is the IEEE 802.2 type-2 logical-link-control (LLC) protocol. Extensive simulations show that performance can be severely degraded if, in such a network, the LLC protocol is employed as defined today. Therefore, we suggest an enhancement to this protocol in the form of a dynamic flow-control algorithm. As our results demonstrate, this enhancement guarantees close-to-optimal network performance under both normal traffic load and overload conditions.
A long-term spectroscopic study of the Be/X-ray binary X Per (4U 0352 + 30) (1992)

New spectroscopic observations of X Per, the optical counterpart of the steady, pulsating X-ray source 4U 0352 + 30, are presented, covering an interval of more than 2 years. The proposed orbital period of ≈ 580 d, suggested by the regularity of the X-ray outbursts from this system, is not confirmed, although the observations show that the star is probably a velocity variable. The observations have been subjected to a period search procedure, showing that no other periods between 10–600 d are indicated. It is concluded that the amplitude of the orbital motion is too low to have been detected in this study. Results of line variation measurements are presented which show no obvious correlation with the fact that X Per underwent a transition from a Be- to a B-type spectrum during the course of this study.
Suppressive Subtractive Hybridization of and Differences in Gene Expression Content of Calcifying and Noncalcifying Cultures of<i>Emiliania huxleyi</i>Strain 1516 (2005)

The marine coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi is a cosmopolitan alga intensely studied in relation to global carbon cycling, biogeochemistry, marine ecology, and biomineralization processes. The biomineralization capabilities of coccolithophorids have attracted the attention of scientists interested in exploiting this ability for the development of materials science and biomedical and biotechnological applications. Although it has been well documented that biomineralization in E. huxleyi is promoted by growth under phosphate-limited conditions, the genes and proteins that govern the processes of calcification and coccolithogenesis remain unknown. Suppressive subtractive hybridization (SSH) libraries were constructed from cultures grown in phosphate-limited and phosphate-replete media as tester and driver populations for reciprocal SSH procedures. Positive clones from each of the two libraries were randomly selected, and dot blotting was performed for the analysis of expression patterns. A total of 513 clones from the phosphate-replete library and 423 clones from the phosphate-limited library were sequenced, assembled, and compared to sequences in GenBank using BLASTX. Of the 103 differentially expressed gene fragments from the phosphate-replete library, 34% showed significant homology to other known proteins, while only 23% of the 65 differentially expressed gene fragments from the phosphate-limited library showed homology to other proteins. To further assess mRNA expression, real-time RT-PCR analysis was employed and expression profiles were generated over a 14-day time course for three clones from the phosphate-replete library and five clones from the phosphate-limited library. The fragments isolated provide the basis for future cloning of full-length genes and functional analysis.
Androgenic-anabolic steroid effects on serum thyroid, pituitary and steroid hormones in athletes (1987)

Endocrine responses in seven power athletes were investigated during a 12 week strength training period, when the athletes were taking high doses of androgenic-anabolic steroids, and during the 13 weeks following drug withdrawal. During the use of steroids significant decreases (P less than 0.05 to 0.001) in the serum concentrations of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyroxine, triidothyronine, free thyroxine, and thyroid hormone-binding globulin (TBG) were found, whereas the value of triidothyronine uptake increased (P less than 0.001). In relation to the changes in the thyroid function parameters measured, we suggest that the primary target of androgen action was TBG biosynthesis. In five of the seven subjects, serum concentrations of growth hormone increased at some point of the study 5 to 60-fold. Because of the use of exogenous testosterone, serum testosterone concentration tended to increase. This increase was associated with a corresponding increase (P less than 0.001) in serum estradiol. Furthermore, there were major decreases in serum LH (P less than 0.01) and FSH (P less than 0.01) concentrations, and testicular testosterone production was therefore decreased. This was characterized by a very low serum testosterone concentration (5.1 +/- 1.8 nmol/l) 4 weeks following drug withdrawal. Cessation of drug use resulted in return of all the variables measured to the initial values, except for serum testosterone, which was at a low level (14.6 +/- 8.8 nmol/l) 9 weeks after drug withdrawal, indicating prolonged impairment of testicular endocrine function. No consistent changes were found in the eight control athletes.
A Native Stochastic Computing Architecture Enabled by Memristors (2014)

A two-terminal memristor device is a promising digital memory for its high integration density, substantially lower energy consumption compared to CMOS, and scalability below 10 nm. However, a nanoscale memristor is an inherently stochastic device, and extra energy and latency are required to make a deterministic memory based on memristors. Instead of enforcing deterministic storage, we take advantage of the nondeterministic memory for native stochastic computing, where the randomness required by stochastic computing is intrinsic to the devices without resorting to expensive stochastic number generation. This native stochastic computing system can be implemented as a hybrid integration of memristor memory and simple CMOS stochastic computing circuits. We use an approach called group write to program memristor memory cells in arrays to generate random bit streams for stochastic computing. Three methods are proposed to program memristors using stochastic bit streams and compensate for the nonlinear memristor write function: voltage predistortion, parallel single-pulse write, and downscaled write and upscaled read. To evaluate these technical approaches, we show by simulation a memristor-based stochastic processor for gradient descent optimization, and k-means clustering. The native stochastic computing based on memristors demonstrates key advantages in energy and speed in compute-intensive, data-intensive, and probabilistic applications.
Ribonucleotide Reductase in Mammalian Systems (2024)

The best characterized ribonucleotide reductase up to now is the aerobic E. coli enzyme and there are a number of excellent recent reviews mainly focusing on this enzyme [1–3]. However, after the cDNA cloning and successful expression in bacteria, the active mammalian ribo-nucleotide reductase is as easily studied as the E. coli enzyme [4]. Although the mammalian reductase in many respects grossly resembles the bacterial enzyme, more detailed studies have revealed significant differences in the allosteric regulation, the subunit interaction, and the properties of the binuclear iron-tyrosyl free radical center. In this chapter, we will concentrate on these aspects. Furthermore, the gene structure and the control of the expression of the two nonidentical R1 and R2 subunits during the cell cycle, when cells go from quiescence to proliferation, and during the induction of DNA repair are unique to each species and we will describe what is known about this for the mammalian enzyme.
Improved Digital-IF Transmitter Architecture for Highly Integrated W-CDMA Mobile Terminals (2005)

An improved digital intermediate frequency (IF) transmitter architecture for wide-band code-division multiple-access (W-CDMA) mobile terminals is proposed. Based on the heterodyne design but without requiring any off-chip IF filter, the transmitter enjoys the advantages of a homodyne architecture (such as circuit simplicity, low power consumption, and a high level of integration) while avoiding the performance problems associated with direct upconversion. By implementing the quadrature modulation in the digital domain and requiring only a single path of analog baseband circuits, inherently perfect I/Q matching and good error vector magnitude (EVM) performance can be achieved. The IF is chosen to be a quarter of the clock rate for a very simple and low-power digital modulator design. The difficulties of on-chip IF filtering were greatly alleviated by 1) performing a careful frequency planning and 2) employing a special-purpose digital-to-analog converter to produce high-order sin(x)/x rolloff. System-level simulation demonstrates that spurious-emission requirements are met with virtually no dedicated reconstruction filter circuits. This architecture takes full advantage of complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology scaling by employing digital processing to ease analog complexities.
(<i>N</i>-Phosphinoamidinate)Iron Pre-Catalysts for the Room Temperature Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Compounds with Broad Substrate Scope at Low Loadings (2013)

The synthesis and structural characterization of three-coordinate iron(II) and cobalt(II) complexes supported by new N-phosphinoamidinate ligands is reported, along with the successful application of these complexes as precatalysts for the challenging room-temperature hydrosilylation of carbonyl compounds to afford alcohols upon workup. Under the rigorous screening conditions employed (0.015 mol % Fe) for the reduction of acetophenone, the well-defined iron(II) amido precatalyst 2b, featuring bulky N-2,6-diisopropylphenyl and di-tert-butylphosphino moieties within the N-phosphinoamidinate ligand, exhibited exceptional catalytic performance. Further experimentation revealed that the yield achieved in the hydrosilylation of acetophenone employing 2b was unaltered when conducting reactions in the absence of light, in the presence of excess mercury, or under solvent-free conditions. Notably, precatalyst 2b was found to exhibit the broadest substrate scope reported to date for such room-temperature iron-catalyzed carbonyl hydrosilylations en route to alcohols, enabling the chemoselective reduction of structurally diverse aldehydes and ketones, as well as for the first time esters, at remarkably low loadings (0.01–1.0 mol % Fe) and using only 1 equiv of phenylsilane reductant.
Novel Coumarin Derivatives of Heterocyclic Compounds as Lipid‐Lowering Agents. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dynamic Sampling and Selective Masking for Communication-Efficient Federated Learning (2021)

Federated learning (FL) is a novel machine learning setting that enables on-device intelligence via decentralized training and federated optimization. Deep neural networks’ rapid development facilitates the learning techniques for modeling complex problems and emerges into federated deep learning under the federated setting. However, the tremendous amount of model parameters burdens the communication network with a high load of transportation. This article introduces two approaches for improving communication efficiency by dynamic sampling and top-$k$k selective masking. The former controls the fraction of selected client models dynamically, while the latter selects parameters with top-$k$k largest values of difference for federated updating. Experiments on convolutional image classification and recurrent language modeling are conducted on three public datasets to show our proposed methods’ effectiveness.
Synthetic RNA Recognition Motifs That Selectively Recognize HIV-1 Trans-Activation Response Element Hairpin RNA (2014)

A multitude of RNA hairpins are directly implicated in human disease. Many of these RNAs are potentially valuable targets for drug discovery and basic research. However, very little is known about the molecular requirements for achieving sequence-selective recognition of a particular RNA sequence and structure. Although a relatively modest number of synthetic small to medium-sized RNA-binding molecules have been reported, rapid identification of sequence-selective RNA-binding molecules remains a daunting challenge. RNA recognition motif (RRM) domains may represent unique privileged scaffolds for the generation of synthetic proteins that selectively recognize structured disease-relevant RNAs, including RNA hairpins. As a demonstration of this potential, we mutated putative RNA-binding regions within the U1A RRM and a variant thereof and screened these synthetic proteins for affinity to HIV-1 trans-activation response (TAR) element hairpin RNA. Some of these U1A-derived proteins bind TAR with single-digit micromolar dissociation constants, and they do so preferentially over the native protein's original target RNA (U1hpII) and a DNA TAR variant. Binding affinity is not appreciably diminished by addition of 10 molar equivalents of cellular tRNAs from Escherichia coli. Taken together, our findings represent the first synthetic RRMs that selectively bind a disease-relevant RNA hairpin and may represent a general approach for achieving sequence-selective recognition of RNA hairpins, which are the focus of therapeutic discovery and basic research.
2-D Magnetic Recording: Read Channel Modeling and Detection (2009)

Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) is a novel storage architecture that, in theory, can achieve a density of up to 10 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It uniquely differs from other proposed next-generation architectures because of its reliance on sophisticated 2-D signal-processing algorithms. Recently, a number of contributions have been made in the development of read-channel models and detectors for TDMR systems. In this paper, we provide a detailed review on all important read-channel models under consideration. Our discussion focuses on the purpose of each model, placing a special emphasis on the suitability of the Voronoi model for the purpose of designing detectors. We also propose several detection schemes for TDMR based on the Voronoi model and present some numerical results.
Degree of Metamerism (1965)

Colorimetric matches between light from objects and a three-primary visual colorimeter are generally metameric, not spectral. The amount of difference between the spectral energy distributions from the object and the calorimeter determines the degree of metamerism. Three indexes of metamerism are considered that depend on this difference. One of these indexes is shown to correlate well with the chromaticity spreads found among observers’ settings for a series of metameric matches. This correlation is independent of luminance. The other indexes do not correlate with the spread of chromaticity of matches by observers.
A Community-Based Investigation of Maternal Mortality from Obstetric Haemorrhage in Rural Zimbabwe (1997)

In the rural province Masvingo in Zimbabwe, 25% of maternal deaths were caused by obstetric haemorrhage, which had a cause specific maternal mortality rate (MMR) of 40 per 100,000 live births. Forty per cent of cases were due to a ruptured uterus, and 30% to an atonic uterus. Forty-two per cent were more than 35 years old and 44% para 5 or more. In spite of antenatal coverage for 85% of the women, 42% died outside any health facility. Fifty per cent of the women had had no intervention whatsoever before death from haemorrhage. The most important factor for prevention at community level is provision of emergency transport, which would have saved 50% of the women. Other non-health service factors contributing to the adverse outcome were found in actions of the patient herself or a traditional birth attendant. In the health services avoidable factors were identified in 58% of women. More effective antenatal attention to high risk factors, especially high age and parity, appropriate use of maternity waiting shelters, action programmes for management and haemorrhage at all levels, basic resources for resuscitation, improved surgical skills with supervision and available transport for referrals are all necessary parts of a programme to prevent maternal deaths from obstetric haemorrhage.
Cumulative plasmon field enhancement in finite metal particle chains (2005)

The dramatic field enhancement at the extremity of finite chains of strongly coupled gold nanoparticles illuminated under total internal reflection is investigated numerically. We demonstrate that high enhancement factors can be achieved by exploiting the in-plane forward scattering of the particles, with geometries achievable by state-of-the-art lithographic techniques.
Unsupervised Relation Discovery with Sense Disambiguation (2012)

To discover relation types from text, most methods cluster shallow or syntactic patterns of relation mentions, but consider only one possible sense per pattern. In practice this assumption is often violated. In this paper we overcome this issue by inducing clusters of pattern senses from feature representations of patterns. In particular, we employ a topic model to partition entity pairs associated with patterns into sense clusters using local and global features. We merge these sense clusters into semantic relations using hierarchical agglomerative clustering. We compare against several baselines: a generative latent-variable model, a clustering method that does not disambiguate between path senses, and our own approach but with only local features. Experimental results show our proposed approach discovers dramatically more accurate clusters than models without sense disambiguation, and that incorporating global features, such as the document theme, is crucial. 1
A cell line secreting stimulating factors for CFU-GEMM culture (1984)

The multipotent hemopoietic stem cell has fastidious growth requirements in vitro. Traditionally, phytohemagglutinin-stimulated leukocyte conditioned medium has been used to supply the undefined growth factors required for culture of the human multipotent hemopoietic progenitor. We describe the use of medium conditioned by the bladder carcinoma cell line, 5637, to replace PHA-LCM in CFU-GEMM cultures and show that the properties of this conditioned medium closely mimic those of PHA-LCM in two separate CFU-GEMM culture systems.