gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A method of generating electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams (2005)

A method of generating an electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model source from two coherent linearly polarized plane waves is described. This method involves two mutually correlated phase-only liquid-crystal spatial light modulators placed in the arms of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The sources produced by this method can be used to generate a wide class of electromagnetic beams with prescribed coherence and polarization properties. © 2005 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of arginine therapy for the treatment of children with sickle cell disease hospitalized with vaso-occlusive pain episodes (2013)

Painful episodes of vaso-occlusion are the leading cause of hospitalizations and emergency department visits in sickle cell disease, and are associated with increased mortality. Low nitric oxide bioavailability contributes to vasculopathy in sickle cell disease. Since arginine is the obligate substrate for nitric oxide production, and an acute deficiency is associated with pain, we hypothesized that arginine may be a beneficial treatment for pain related to sickle cell disease. Thirty-eight children with sickle cell disease hospitalized for 56 episodes of pain were randomized into this double-blinded placebo-controlled trial. Patients received L-arginine (100 mg/kg tid) or placebo for 5 days or until discharge. A significant reduction in total parenteral opioid use by 54% (1.9 ± 2.0 mg/kg versus 4.1 ± 4.1 mg/kg, P=0.02) and lower pain scores at discharge (1.9 ± 2.4 versus 3.9 ± 2.9, P=0.01) were observed in the treatment arm compared to the placebo one. There was no significant difference in hospital length of stay (4.1 ± 01.8 versus 4.8 ± 2.5 days, P=0.34), although a trend favored the arginine arm, and total opioid use was strongly correlated with the duration of the admission (r=0.86, P<0.0001). No drug-related adverse events were observed. Arginine therapy represents a novel intervention for painful vaso-occlusive episodes. A reduction of narcotic use by >50% is remarkable. Arginine is a safe and inexpensive intervention with narcotic-sparing effects that may be a beneficial adjunct to standard therapy for sickle cell-related pain in children. A large multi-center trial is warranted in order to confirm these observations.
Dissociation of the Visual Placing Response into Elicited and Guided Components (1967)

Kittens reared without sight of their limbs extended their forelimbs when carried down toward the edge of a horizontal surface. However, unlike normally reared kittens, they were not capable of guiding their paws accurately to the solid parts of an interrupted surface. This fractionation of the visually controlled placing response reveals that the guided reach requires an integration of sensorimotor systems not necessary for development of the elicited extension response.
Calibration and quality control of cherries by artificial vision (2004)

We describe an artificial vision system for the quality control of cherries. We develop image-processing software determining three types of information describing the quality of the fruit: the color as an indicator of ripeness, the presence of defects such as cracking, and the size. The sorting of cherries conditioned by all these criteria is carried out at a high cadence (20 cherries/s). Real-time image processing is then necessary. A simple sensor is used to synchronize the processing and the sorting of cherries. Air actuators are used to eject them after quality control by vision. We present the architecture of the developed system. We show its efficiency through experimental results and we give some perspectives of improvement.
COMPUTER-NAVIGATION IN TOTAL-KNEE-REPLACEMENT WITH THE TC-PLUS(TM)SOLUTION KNEE-SYSTEM METHOD-EVALUATION-FIRST RESULTS (2004)

Successful outcome in TKA is influenced by the accuracy of the bone cuts, the reconstruction of the anatomical axes,implant design geometry and the active and passive soft tissue structures surrounding the articulation. They determine stability,range of motion and interface stress of the replaced knee joint and of course the clinical result. Since August 2000 we use regukarly the GALILEO-CAS and GALILEO-NAV System in TKA with the TC-PLUS(TM) Solution Knee. Method: For preoperative planning there is no need of any CT-Scan, neither of the knee,nor of the hip. We need a single-leg-stand-up a-p and m-l X-ray to determine the the mechanical axis and Alpha-angle. Starting the navigated operation 20 measurements are taken to determine the rotational center of the hip. The several anatomical points are measured to construct a virtual model of the operated knee. After measurement the GALILEO-System proposes size and position of the prosthesis. After confirmation of these parameters the motor driven cutting blocks are automatically positioned to produce reliable bone cuttings. Step by step the femoral and tibial cuts can be performed under navigated computer assistance. Nevertheless all the time, the surgeon has the opportunity to manually overwrite the recommended position. At the end of the implantation we can test the ligamentous stability of the joint using Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS)system. Evaluation: For evaluation of the clinical and biomechanical outcome of CAS, we started a prospective randomized study to compare it with the conventional operated TKAs. From Sept.2000 to June 2001 we performed 200 TKAs with the TC-PLUS(TM)Solution Knee. 100 of them were operated on conventionally; for the remainer we used CAS. The outcome was assessed according to HSS-Score and Insall-Score, pre op,post op 12 days,12 weeks and 6 months. First results: First trends show a higher reliability of bone cuts in the CAS-Group, better restitution of anatomical axes, an improvement of the ROM 6 months post op and a higher clinical score. Further evaluation of the mid and long term results are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of Computer Assisted Surgery in Total Knee replacement.
Efficient AES-GCM for VPNs using FPGAs (2013)

Since its acceptance as the adopted authenticated encryption algorithm, AES-GCM has been utilized in various security-constrained applications. This paper describes the benefits of adding key-synthesized property to AES-GCM using FPGAs. Presented architectures can be used for applications which require encryption and authentication with slow changing keys like Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). Our architectures were evaluated using Virtex4 and Virtex5 FPGAs. It is shown that the performance of the presented AES-GCM architecture outperforms the previously reported ones.
HPLC–MS characterization of cyclo‐statherin Q‐37, a specific cyclization product of human salivary statherin generated by transglutaminase 2 (2006)

In the present study the analytical potential of HPLC-MS/MS was utilized for the structural characterization of a post-translational modification of statherin. Human salivary statherin (M(av)5380.0 +/- 0.3 Da) is transformed by the action of transglutaminase 2 into a cyclic derivative with an average molecular mass of 5363.0 +/- 0.3 Da. The intra-molecular bridge is generated by the loss of an ammonia molecule between the unique Ione-pair donating nucleophile Lys-6 and one acceptor among the seven glutamine residues of statherin. Digestion of the cyclic derivative with chymotrypsin, proteinase K, and carboxypeptidase Y, monitored by HPLC-electrospray ionization-ion trap-mass spectrometric analysis, demonstrated that cyclization involved almost specifically Gln-37 (> 95%), with the percentage of Gln-39 implicated in the cross-linkiing being less than 5%. The main derivative was named cyclostatherin Q37. Guineapig transglutaminase 2 showed high affinity for statherin in vitro (Km = 0.65 +/- 0.06 microM). Cyclo-statherin was detected in vivo by HPLC-electrospray ionization ion trap-mass spectrometry analysis of whole human saliva and it accounted for about 1% of total statherin. Detection of cyclo-statherin in whole saliva is suggestive of a putative role of this molecule in the formation of the "oral protein pellicle".
Fast Adaptive Quadtree Mesh Generation. (1998)

. A size-governed quadtree mesh generation method is presented in this paper to deal with planar domains of arbitrary shape. The tree decomposition provides a convenient control space, which can be used to determine the element sizes, as well as a neighboring space, which allows for the quick searching of mesh items. The sizes of the tree cells are adjusted to match the size specifications (defined as a continuous element-size distribution function in IR 2 ). Hence, the proposed method can be used in the context of mesh adaption in numerical simulations based on the finite element method. Several application examples are provided to emphasize the main features of this approach. Keywords. Quadtree, Spatial decomposition, Mesh generation, Mesh adaption. Introduction The application of spatial decomposition methods (so-called because they combine quadtree decomposition techniques with quadrant-level meshing procedures) to finite element mesh generation have been pionneered about two dec...
Rules Governing Selective Protein Carbonylation (2009)

We observed that proteins evolve to either selectively maintain or lose predicted hot spots of carbonylation depending on their biological function. As our predictive model also allows efficient detection of carbonylated proteins in Bacillus subtilis, we believe that our model may be extended to direct MCO attacks in all organisms.
Antistreptococcal Activity of Lactoperoxidase (1969)

A study of the inhibition of the growth of Streptococcus cremoris 972 by the enzyme lactoperoxidase has shown, in agreement with previous investigations, that the inhibition requires a source of both peroxide and thiocyanate. The thiocyanate may play more than one role. It stabilizes the very dilute solutions of lactoperoxidase employed in these studies, and its oxidation products may be involved in the inhibition. Binding of the enzyme by the microorganism is suggested by the fact that when the organism was preincubated with the enzyme and then in a medium free from the enzyme, but containing peroxide and thiocyanate, the growth of the organism was inhibited. This inhibition has all the properties of the enzyme-containing system. Although no dialyzable factor could be demonstrated to cause the inhibition, the inhibitory state involving peroxide, the enzyme, and thiocyanate survived for at least 60 min before cells were added to the medium. When catalase was present in the medium prior to the addition of the cells, the inhibition was completely reversed. It was only partially reversed if catalase was added a few moments after the addition of the cells. The data have been interpreted as indicating that the inhibition takes place rapidly and requires the formation of a quaternary complex of the cells, thiocyanate, peroxide, and the enzyme lactoperoxidase.
High Levels of Glyphosate Resistance in Conyza canadensis from Agricultural and Non-Agricultural Sites in Ohio and Iowa (2018)

Glyphosate is an important herbicide worldwide, but its efficacy has been compromised where weed species have evolved glyphosate resistance. To better understand evolutionary outcomes of continued and strong selection from glyphosate exposure, we characterized variation in resistance in self-pollinating Conyza canadensis (horseweed) in Ohio and Iowa, where glyphosate resistance was first reported in 2002 and 2011, respectively. In 2015, we collected seeds from a total of 74 maternal plants (biotypes) from no-till soybean fields vs. non-agricultural sites in each state, using one representative plant per site. Young plants from each biotype were sprayed with glyphosate rates of 0x, 1x (840 g ae ha<sup>-1</sup>), 8x, 20x, or 40x. Resistant biotypes with at least 80% survival at each dosage were designated as R1 (1x), R2 (8x), R3 (20x), or R4 (40x). Nearly all Ohio agricultural biotypes were R4, as were 62% of biotypes from the non-agricultural sites. In Iowa, R4 biotypes were clustered in the southeastern soybean fields, where no-till agriculture is more common, and 45% of non-agricultural biotypes were R1-R4. Our results show that resistance levels to glyphosate can be very high (at least 40x) in both states, and that non-agricultural sites likely serve as a refuge for glyphosate-resistant biotypes.
Catabolic Activities of <i>Neisseria meningitidis:</i> Utilization of Succinate (1970)

Glutamate was catabolized at a rapid rate by Neisseria meningitidis, group B. Surprisingly, there was a lag of 5 to 30 min in respiration, but not in CO(2) production from C(1), and an appreciable amount of succinate accumulated. The eventual rapid rate of respiration was not prevented by the addition of chloramphenicol. The lag period was eliminated by combinations of substrates that favored the activity of a glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase. It is suggested that with glutamate as the sole substrate, the reaction terminated at succinate, required only moderate O(2) uptake, and did not result in the transport of succinate to enzymatic sites. The lag period represented the time required for the accumulation of succinate and its transport to enzymatic sites by energy provided by the metabolism of the remaining glutamate. When the transaminase was operative, on the other hand, successive products of the reaction were immediately placed in contact with enzymatic sites.
Intranasal Application of Lactococcus lactis W136 Is Safe in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients With Previous Sinus Surgery (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> Modulation of the dysbiotic gut microbiome with "healthy" bacteria via a stool transplant or supplementation is increasingly practiced, however this approach has not been explored in the nasal passages. We wished to verify whether <i>Lactococcus lactis W136</i> (<i>L. lactis W136)</i> bacteria could be safely applied via irrigation to the nasal and sinus passages in individuals with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with previous undergone endoscopic sinus surgery, and whether this was accompanied by bacterial community flora modification. <b>Study Design:</b> Prospective open-label pilot trial of safety and feasibility. <b>Setting:</b> Academic tertiary hospital center. <b>Subjects and Methods:</b> Twenty-four patients with CRS refractory to previous medical and surgical therapy received a 14-day course of BID sinus irrigations containing 1.2 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU live <i>L. lactis W136</i>. Patients were monitored for safety using questionnaire, sinus endoscopy, otoscopy, UPSIT-40 smell testing, and endoscopically-obtained conventional sinus culture and a swab for 16S microbiome profiling. <b>Results:</b> All 24 patients receiving at least one treatment successfully completed treatment. <i>L. lactis W136</i> probiotic treatment was safe, with no major adverse events or new infections. Treatment was associated with improvement in sinus symptoms, QOL, and mucosal scores, which remained improved during the subsequent 14-day observation period. Microbiome changes associated with treatment were limited to an increase of the pathobiont <i>Dolosigranulum pigrum</i>, a bacteria identified as potentially beneficial in the upper airways. Subgroup analysis suggested differences in microbiomes and responses for CRSsNP and CRSwNP phenotypes, but these did not attain significance. <b>Conclusion:</b> Intranasal irrigation of live <i>L. lactis W136</i> bacteria to patients with refractory chronic rhinosinusitis was safe, and was associated with effects on symptoms, mucosal aspect and microbiome composition. Intranasal bacteria may thus find a role as a treatment strategy for CRS. <b>Clinical Trials Registration:</b> www.ClinicalTrials.gov. identifier: NCT04048174.
School Strikes in the Philippines under U.S. Colonialism: With a Particular Focus on the 1930 High School Strike in Manila (2011)

U.S. colonial education has largely been depicted as a
Intercellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves sustain coordinate insulin secretion in pig islets of Langerhans (1996)

Insulin release was investigated in parallel with changes in cytosolic calcium concentration, [Ca2+]i, in pig islets stimulated by glucose. After two days in culture, glucose stimulation failed to induce insulin release, and caused limited [Ca2+]i changes in few cells. After ten days, insulin response was partially restored and [Ca2+]i recordings revealed a slow oscillatory activity of the whole islet. Slow oscillations appeared to be due to the average [Ca2+]i variations resulting from the spreading of waves throughout the islet. These waves demonstrate the reestablishment of functional cell coupling, which appears to play a critical role in insulin release.
Creep deformation of microstructurally stable Sn-3.5Ag-xBi solders (2002)

In the electronics industry worldwide, using lead-free solders is becoming increasingly mandatory. In that regard, a substantial amount of work related to lead free solders is under way, and Sn-3.5Ag based ternary alloys with Bi or Cu are strong candidate materials. In this work, Sn-3.5Ag-xBi alloys with five different levels of Bi (0, 2.5, 4.8, 7.5, 10 wt%) were prepared. For the Bi containing alloys, the brittle fracture mode appeared showing a small reduction in area, while the ductile fracture mode was found to hold for the Bi free alloy. Microstructural examination of ruptured specimens showed cavitations on grain boundaries normal to the load axis, and a significant of grain boundary sliding particularly for the 10 wt% Bi alloy. Using SEM, EDS, etc., the precipitates inside and on grain boundaries were identified and their roles in creep strength were explained.
Diamondback Moth Control on Cabbage, 1987 (1988)

Abstract ‘Rio Verde’ cabbage seeds were incorporated into a germination mix (Pro-Mix) and direct seeded into a Rockdale soil at the University of Florida’s Tropical Research and Education Center on 18 Nov. The soil was fumigated with Terr-OGas (75% methyl bromide, 25% chloropicrin; 220 lb/acre) and covered with black plastic mulch one week before planting; the mulch was perforated on 17 Nov. Plants were spaced 1 ft apart within rows and 30 inches apart between rows on 72-inch-center beds. Fertilizer (1000 lb/acre of granular 6:12:12 and 600 lb/acre of liquid 7:16:8) was applied prior to planting. Plants were sprinkler irrigated twice each week (0.75-1.00 acre-inches/irrigation). Maneb 80WP was applied (3 lb [AI]/acre) on a 7-day spray schedule. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatment plots were 2 rows by 35 ft long separated by a 5-ft buffer. Insecticides were applied on 8, 15, 22, and 29 Jan and on 5, 11, and 18 Feb. A tractor-mounted, single-bed boom sprayer was operated at 250 psi and delivered 100 gal/acre through 5 D-4, #24 disk-type cone nozzles at 3 mph. The number of diamondback moths and hymenopterous parasitoids were recorded on 8 plants per replicate, 32 plants per treatment, on 8 dates. Foliage injury was rated on 24 plants per replicate, 96 plants per treatment, using a scale of 1-6 (1, no apparent insect feeding to 6, severe damage to head and wrapper leaves) on 26 Feb. Percentage of marketable heads was determined based on ratings ≤3.
A recombinant adenoviral vector expressing full-length human retinoblastoma susceptibility gene inhibits human tumor cell growth. (1998)

As a prelude to considering retinoblastoma (RB) gene therapy for cancer, a series of human tumor cell lines with either full-length, mutated, or undetectable RB protein were treated with recombinant adenovirus encoding RB (ACNRB). Both RB protein expression and the cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of ACNRB treatment were evaluated. While the transgene expression of a reporter virus encoding the beta-galactosidase enzyme (rAd-beta-gal) varied among cell lines, the reintroduction and expression of the RB gene resulted in a pronounced inhibition of cellular proliferation in RB-altered cell lines. An antiproliferative response was observed with control adenovirus treatment in some cell lines. ACNRB treatment did not cause detectable cytotoxicity in either RB+ or RB-altered cells. Dose-dependent cytostasis was observed in RB- cell lines. In vivo tumor suppression was observed in a breast xenograft model subsequent to the treatment of established tumors with ACNRB. These data support a role for RB gene therapy of tumors with RB mutations and provide a basis for the further evaluation of ACNRB gene therapy of human cancer.
Modification of a Fischer‐Tropsch wax by grafting with maleic anhydride (2004)

Abstract The polarity of a hard Fischer‐Tropsch paraffin wax was improved through grafting of maleic anhydride (MA) initiated by dibenzoyl peroxide (DBP), which is reflected by a significant increase in the polar component of the surface free energy. MA and DBP concentrations of 3 wt % each are sufficient for significant modification of the polarity of the wax. FTIR spectra confirm the presence of anhydride groups on the wax chains, while gel permeation chromatograms show the development of a low molecular weight peak, which may be indicative of wax degradation. The grafting of wax by MA decreases the specific enthalpy of melting, as determined through differential scanning calorimetry. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 662–668, 2004
Tocopherol and fluorescence levels in deep‐frying oil and their measurement for oil assessment (1991)

This study examined how tocopherol retention is affected by the presence or absence of food coatings, and also tested the measurement of fluorescent substance levels in cooking oil to evaluate oil deterioration. Potato slices were tempura‐fried (with a coating) or french‐fried (without a coating). The three tocopherol isomers decreased with heating time, and better retention was found in the tempura process. The decomposition rates of tocopherol were in the order γ> δ ≥α for the three isomers for both processes over repeated fryings. The fluorescence of frying oil increased 15‐and 17‐fold after tempura‐and french‐frying, respectively, for 32 consecutive times. Changes in the amounts of tocopherol and the fluorescence correlated well with the changes found by the chemiluminescent intensity and five conventional methods of oil quality measurement. These results indicated that tocopherol retention is affected by the food coating, and that measurements of vitamin E loss and fluorescence increase in oil should be useful for assessing the progressive deterioration of frying oil with its repeated usage.
Compression Behavior of Single-Layer Graphenes (2010)

Central to most applications involving monolayer graphenes is its mechanical response under various stress states. To date most of the work reported is of theoretical nature and refers to tension and compression loading of model graphenes. Most of the experimental work is indeed limited to the bending of single flakes in air and the stretching of flakes up to typically approximately 1% using plastic substrates. Recently we have shown that by employing a cantilever beam we can subject single graphenes to various degrees of axial compression. Here we extend this work much further by measuring in detail both stress uptake and compression buckling strain in single flakes of different geometries. In all cases the mechanical response is monitored by simultaneous Raman measurements through the shift of either the G or 2D phonons of graphene. Despite the infinitely small thickness of the monolayers, the results show that graphenes embedded in plastic beams exhibit remarkable compression buckling strains. For large length (l)-to-width (w) ratios (> or =0.2) the buckling strain is of the order of -0.5% to -0.6%. However, for l/w < 0.2 no failure is observed for strains even higher than -1%. Calculations based on classical Euler analysis show that the buckling strain enhancement provided by the polymer lateral support is more than 6 orders of magnitude compared to that of suspended graphene in air.