gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GEOTEXTILE ENGINEERING MANUAL (1985)

The anti-inflammatory effect of hispolon has identified it as one of the most important compounds from <i>Sanghuangporus</i> <i>sanghuang</i>. The research objectives were to study this compound using an animal model by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury. Hispolon treatment reduced the production of the pro-inflammatory mediator NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 induced by LPS challenge in the lung tissues, as well as decreasing their histological alterations and protein content. Total cell number was also reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Moreover, hispolon inhibited iNOS, COX-2 and IκB-α and phosphorylated IKK and MAPK, while increasing catalase, SOD, GPx, TLR4, AKT, HO-1, Nrf-2, Keap1 and PPARγ expression, after LPS challenge. It also regulated apoptosis, ER stress and the autophagy signal transduction pathway. The results of this study show that hispolon regulates LPS-induced ER stress (increasing CHOP, PERK, IRE1, ATF6 and GRP78 protein expression), apoptosis (decreasing caspase-3 and Bax and increasing Bcl-2 expression) and autophagy (reducing LC3 I/II and Beclin-1 expression). This in vivo experimental study suggests that hispolon suppresses the LPS-induced activation of inflammatory pathways, oxidative injury, ER stress, apoptosis and autophagy and has the potential to be used therapeutically in major anterior segment lung diseases.
Gas-phase electrolysis of HBr using PTFE-bonded carbon electrode. (1987)

HBrの気相電解を反応層およびガス供給層からなるPTFE結着型炭素電極を用いて検討した。アノード分極特性は,電極基材である炭素の種類,PTFEの添加量,電極作製時のプレス圧,電極の撥水性などによって左右されることがわかった。最適条件下で作製した電極では,423K,85wt%H3PO4中,12kPaのHBr分圧下におけるアノード特性として,0.8V(vs.SCE)において260mA/cm2の電流密度が得られた。また,定電流密度(144mA/cm2)下のアノード特性は,測定を行なった約10時間ほぼ安定であった。Pt触媒の炭素への担持はカソードでは非常に顕著であるが,アノードに対しては効果がないことがわかった。さらに,カソードにPt担持(2.5mg/cm2)電極を,アノードに触媒無担持電極を用いたテフロン製燃料電池型セルを組立て,実際に二端子法によるHBrの気相電解を行なったところ,電流効率はほぼ100%であり,槽電圧0.80Vにおける電流密度として120mA/cm2,またそのときの導入HBrの電解効率として45%を得た。'
Mutant <i>Lrp1</i> Knock-In Mice Generated by Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Reveal Differential Importance of the NPXY Motifs in the Intracellular Domain of LRP1 for Normal Fetal Development (2005)

Lrp1 knock-in mice carrying either a wild-type allele or three different mutated alleles encoding the multifunctional endocytic receptor LRP1 were generated by recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE). Reinsertion by RMCE of a wild-type allele led to a normal pattern and level of gene expression and a completely normal phenotype, indicating that the RMCE procedure itself is neutral with respect to the function of the gene locus. In contrast, reinsertion of mutated LRP1 alleles carrying either inactivating mutations in the proximal NPXY motif (NPTY-->AATA) of the cytoplasmic domain or in the furin cleavage site (RHRR-->AHAA) caused distinctive liver phenotypes: respectively, either a late fetal destruction of the organ causing perinatal death or a selective enlargement of von-Kupffer cell lysosomes reminiscent of a mild lysosomal storage without an apparent negative effect on animal survival. Notably, mutation of the distal NPXY motif overlapping with an YXXL motif (NPVYATL-->AAVAATL) did not cause any obvious pathological effect. The mutations showed no effect on the LRP1 expression level; however, as expected, the proteolytic maturation of LRP1 into its two subunits was significantly impaired, although not completely abolished, in the furin cleavage mutant. These data demonstrate that RMCE is a reliable and efficient approach to generate multiple mutant knock-in alleles for in vivo functional analysis of individual domains or motifs of large multidomain proteins. Its application in Lrp1 reveals dramatically variant phenotypes, of which further characterization will definitively contribute to our understanding of the biology of this multifunctional receptor.
Hybrid motion/force control of multi-backbone continuum robots (2015)

The recent growth of surgical applications exploiting continuum robots demands for new control paradigms that ensure safety by controlling interaction forces of tele-operated end-effectors. In this paper, we present the modeling, sensing and control of multi-backbone continuum robots in a unified framework for hybrid motion/force control. Multi-backbone continuum robots allow to estimate forces and torques at the operational point by monitoring loads along their actuation lines without the need for a dedicated transducer at the operational point. This capability is indeed crucial in emerging fields such as robotic surgery where cost and strict sterilization guidelines prevent the adoption of a dedicated sensor to provide force feedback from the sterile field. To advance further the force sensing capabilities of multi-backbone continuum robots, we present a new framework for hybrid motion and force control of continuum robots with intrinsic force sensing capabilities. The framework is based on a kinetostatic modeling of the multi-backbone continuum robot with, a simplified model for online estimate of the manipulator’s compliance, and a new strategy for merging force and motion control laws in the configuration space of the manipulator. Experimental results show the ability to sense and regulate forces at the operational point and evaluate the framework for shape exploration and stiffness imaging in flexible environments.
Petawatt laser for fast ignitor and laser matter interaction research (2002)

The world's biggest petawatt laser is constructed for research of the fast ignitor and related ultraintense laser matter interactions above 10/sup 20/ W/cm/sup 2/. The recent experiments of the fast ignitor are also presented.
14-Qubit Entanglement: Creation and Coherence (2011)

We report the creation of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states with up to 14 qubits. By investigating the coherence of up to 8 ions over time, we observe a decay proportional to the square of the number of qubits. The observed decay agrees with a theoretical model which assumes a system affected by correlated, Gaussian phase noise. This model holds for the majority of current experimental systems developed towards quantum computation and quantum metrology.
Data compression (1988)

The applications of digital data compression and the major components of compression systems are described. Data modeling is discussed, and the role of entropy and data statistics is examined. Gray-scale image modeling is used to illustrate some of these mechanisms. The coding mechanisms are examined, and prefix codes are explained. Arithmetic coding is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bidirectional 10-GHz optical comb generation with an intracavity fiber DFB pumped Brillouin/erbium fiber laser (1998)

We present multiwavelength and bidirectional operation of a novel Brillouin/erbium fiber ring laser. Multiwavelength operation is seeded by an Er/sup 3+/:Yb/sup 3+/ fiber distributed-feedback (DFB) laser inserted into the ring cavity. We realized lasing at up to eight wavelengths separated by 10.6 GHz.
Neuroprotection in Stroke: Past, Present, and Future (2014)

Stroke is a devastating medical condition, killing millions of people each year and causing serious injury to many more. Despite advances in treatment, there is still little that can be done to prevent stroke-related brain damage. The concept of neuroprotection is a source of considerable interest in the search for novel therapies that have the potential to preserve brain tissue and improve overall outcome. Key points of intervention have been identified in many of the processes that are the source of damage to the brain after stroke, and numerous treatment strategies designed to exploit them have been developed. In this review, potential targets of neuroprotection in stroke are discussed, as well as the various treatments that have been targeted against them. In addition, a summary of recent progress in clinical trials of neuroprotective agents in stroke is provided.
High‐dose ifosfamide with mesna and granuloctye–colony‐stimulating factor (recombinant human G‐CSF) in patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma (2003)

This regimen demonstrated a low overall objective response rate with substantial toxicity, and in the opinion of the authors does not warrant further investigation in the treatment of patients with unresectable malignant mesothelioma.
Antioxidant supplementation during in vitro culture improves mitochondrial function and development of embryos from aged female mice (2015)

Maternal aging results in reduced oocyte and blastocyst quality, thought to be due, in part, to mitochondrial dysfunction and accumulation of reactive oxygen species. To reduce oxidative stress, the antioxidants α-lipoic acid (ALA; 10µM), α-tocopherol (250µM), hypotaurine (1mM) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC; 1mM), and sirtuin (100ngmL(-1)) were added to embryo culture medium (AntiOX) and compared with a control (CON) without antioxidants to assess blastocyst development after in vitro maturation and fertilisation of oocytes from aged B6D2F1 female mice (13.5 months). Development to the blastocyst stage increased in the AntiOX compared with CON group (87.6% vs 72.7%, respectively; P<0.01), in addition to higher mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP levels in the AntiOX group. Expression of genes associated with oxidative stress (PI3K, FOXO3A and GLRX2) was upregulated in the CON compared with AntiOX group. In addition to AntiOX, a medium containing only NAC and ALA (rAntiOX) was used to culture embryos from young CF1 females (6-8 weeks). More blastocysts developed in the rAntiOX compared with CON group (64.1% vs 43.3%, respectively; P<0.01), although AntiOX (48.0% blastocysts) did not result in improved development in young mice. Antioxidants improved mitochondrial activity, gene expression and development in embryos of older female mice, whereas a reduced level of antioxidants during culture was beneficial to embryos from young mice.
N-Channel MOSFETs with Embedded Silicon-Carbon Source/Drain Stressors Formed using Novel Cluster-Carbon Implant and Excimer Laser-Induced Solid Phase Epitaxy (2008)

2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,N-Channel MOSFETs with Embedded Silicon-Carbon Source/Drain Stressors Formed using Novel Cluster-Carbon Implant and Excimer Laser-Induced Solid Phase Epitaxy
Commentario al Trattato della CECA. Edited by R. Quadri, R. Monaco and A. Trabucchi. Vols. I–III [Milan: Dott. A. Giuffrè. 1970. xx and 584 pp. (Vol. I); xii and 814 pp. (Vol. II); viii and 363 pp. (Vol. III). L.20,000 (3 Vols.).] (1972)

Commentario al Trattato della CECA. Edited by R. Quadri, R. Monaco and A. Trabucchi. Vols. I–III [Milan: Dott. A. Giuffrè. 1970. xx and 584 pp. (Vol. I); xii and 814 pp. (Vol. II); viii and 363 pp. (Vol. III). L.20,000 (3 Vols.).] - Volume 21 Issue 1
Preventive and Deterrent Controls for Software Piracy (1997)

:In an attempt to protect their intellectual property and compete effectively in an increasingly dynamic marketplace, software publishers have employed a number of preventive and deterrent controls to counter software piracy. Conventional wisdom suggests that reducing piracy will force consumers to acquire software legitimately, thus increasing firm profits. We develop an analytical model to test the implications of antipiracy measures on publisher profits. Our results suggest that preventive controls decrease profits and deterrent controls can potentially increase profits. Empirical results are also presented that support the proposition on the impact of deterrent controls on the extent of software piracy derived from the analytical model.
[Molecular evolution of human influenza H3N2 virus hemagglutinin genes in Guangdong China]. (2012)

The molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (HA) genes of human influenza H3N2 viruses in Guangdong, China from 2007 to 2010 were studied in this study. By space-time sampling of strains, the HA genes of H3N2 strains from Guangdong were sequenced and searched from Internet, and then the variation and evolution of HA genes were conducted by Lasergene 7.1 and Mega 5.05 and evolutionary rates were analyzed by epidemiological data. The phylogenetic tree was established by alignment of 17 Guangdong strains and 26 global reference strains. Ks rates and Ka rates of HA genes were 2.06 x 10(-3)-2.23 x 10(-3) Nt/Year and 1.05 x 10(-3)-1.21 x 10(3) Nt/Year during 2007-2010, while the velocity of HA1 evolution of Ka was 3. 13 times than that of HA2 evolution. Compared with HA of vaccine strain A/Perth/16/2009, the genetic homologies of Guangdong strains in 2009 reached to 98.8%-99.7% and of Guangdong strains in 2010 reached to 98.0%-98.4%. There were some amino acid substitutions in five epitope regions of HA1 during 2007-2010, especially in B region (N160K) and D region (K174R/N); the K189E/N/Q and T228A in RBS (receptor-binding site) occurred in 2010 as two glycoproteins sites substituted impacted on the HA1 antigenicity. The antigenicity of epidemic H3N2 strains in 2010 was to some degree different that of the vaccine strain A/ Perth/16/2009. According to that there were variations of B and D epitopes and two sites of RBS and two glycoprotein in Guangdong H3N2 HA1 genes, WHO/ CDC should recommend new representative strains during 2011-2012 influenza seasons if H3N2 HA genes further evolve in the near future.
NASA thermographic inspection of advanced composite materials (2004)

As the use of advanced composite materials continues to increase in the aerospace community, the need for a quantitative, rapid, in situ inspection technology has become a critical concern throughout the industry. In many applications it is necessary to monitor changes in these materials over an extended period of time to determine the effects of various load conditions. Additionally, the detection and characterization of defects such as delaminations, is of great concern. This paper will present the application of infrared thermography to characterize various composite materials and show the advantages of different heat source types. Finally, various analysis methodologies used for quantitative material property characterization will be discussed.
Bone morphogenetic protein-6 production in human osteoblastic cell lines. Selective regulation by estrogen. (1998)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) induce differentiation of osteoblast and chondroblast lineage cells from uncommitted mesenchymal precursors. Because estrogen has potent osteochondrogenic actions, we investigated its effect on BMP production in two estrogen-responsive, human immortalized cell lines (hFOB/ER3 and hFOB/ER9) that display the mature osteoblast phenotype. These cell lines were produced by stable transfection of the estrogen receptor (ER) gene into immortalized fetal osteoblasts at low ( approximately 800 ER/ nucleus) and at high ( approximately 3, 900 ER/nucleus) levels, respectively. As assessed by reverse transcriptase PCR, treatment with 17beta-estradiol (10(-)10 - 10(-)7 M) increased steady-state levels of BMP-6 mRNA dose dependently by twofold in the hFOB/ER3 cells and by over threefold in the hFOB/ER9 cells. Messenger RNA levels for transforming growth factors-beta1 and -beta2 and BMPs-1 through -5 and -7 levels were unchanged. The results were confirmed by sequence determination of the PCR product and by Northern blot analysis for total RNA. 17beta-estradiol increased BMP-6 protein production sixfold by Western analysis. Cotreatment with antiestrogens (ICI 182,780 or 4-hydroxytamoxifen) antagonized the effects of 17beta-estradiol. These data suggest that some of the skeletal effects of estrogen on bone and cartilage may be mediated by increased production of BMP-6 by osteoblasts.
MODULATION OF VASOCONSTRICTION BY ENDOTHELIUM‐DERIVED NITRIC OXIDE: THE INFLUENCE OF VASCULAR DISEASE (1995)

1. The endothelium makes a significant contribution to the regulation of vascular tone through the release of potent vasodilator agents such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) as well as vasoconstrictor compounds such as endothelin. Recognition of this function of the endothelium has created a new focus for the investigation of vasoconstrictor activity under physiological and pathological conditions. 2. It has been well established that removal of the endothelium enhances responses to a variety of contractile agents in conductance arteries and that such modulation is predominantly due to the release of NO. The use of selective inhibitors of NO synthesis has confirmed that the endothelium-derived nitric oxide also modulates constriction in resistance vessels. 3. In a number of cardiovascular disease states there is impairment of endothelial function. Thus one of the consequences of atherosclerosis, hypertension and ischaemia is a reduction in endothelium-dependent vasodilatation, both at a basal level and in response to endogenous and exogenous stimuli. In addition, enhanced responses to vasoconstrictors have been reported in those disease states. Such observations have led to the attractive hypothesis that enhanced constriction in vascular disease results from attenuate NO-induced dilatation. However, whilst there is some evidence that pathological impairment of endothelial function is accompanied by increased constrictor activity, particularly where serotonergic mechanisms are involved, it is inappropriate to make the general assumption that where disease impairs NO activity there will also be increased sensitivity to all constrictor stimuli.
Reduction of Bacterial Resistance with Inhaled Antibiotics in the Intensive Care Unit (2014)

In chronically intubated critically ill patients, AA successfully eradicated existing MDRO organisms and reduced the pressure from systemic agents for new respiratory resistance. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 01878643).
Hallmark of Perfect Graphene (2004)

Using first-principles calculations we show that the adsorption of atomic hydrogen on graphene opens a substantial gap in the electronic density of states in which lies a spin-polarized gap state. This spin is quenched by the presence of a rotated C-C bond (a Stone-Wales defect) adjacent to or distant from the H atom. We explain these findings and discuss the implications for nanotubes and magnetic nanographene. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the combined effect of high curvature and a Stone-Wales defect makes H2 chemisorption close to being thermodynamically favorable.
Settling velocity of natural particles (1982)

Data from 14 previous experimental studies were used to develop an empirical equation that accounts for the effects of size, density, shape, and roundness on the settling velocity of natural sediment. This analysis was done in terms of four nondimensional parameters, namely, the dimensionless nominal diameter D * , the dimensionless settling velocity W * , the Corey shape factor, and the Powers roundness index. For high D * (large or dense particles), changes in roundness and shape factor have similar magnitude effects on settling velocity. Roundness varies much less for naturally occuring grains, however, and hence is a less important control than shape. For a typical coarse sand with a Powers roundness of 3.5 and a Corey shape factor of 0.7, the settling velocity is about 0.68 that of a sphere of the same D * , with shape and roundness effects contributing about equally to the settling velocity reduction. At low D * the reduction in settling velocity due to either shape or roundness is much less. Moreover, at low D * , low roundness causes a greater decrease in settling velocity at low shape factor values than at high shape factor values. This appears to be due to the increased surface drag on the flatter grains.
A 60-ns 16-Mb flash EEPROM with program and erase sequence controller (1991)

An erase and program control system has been implemented in a 60-ns 16-Mb flash EEPROM. The memory array is divided into 64 blocks, in each block, erase pulse application and erase-verify operation are employed individually. The erase and program sequence is controlled by an internal sequence controller composed of a synchronous circuit with an on-chip oscillator. A 60-ns access time has been achieved with a differential sensing scheme utilizing dummy cells. A cell size of 1.8 mu m*2.0 mu m and a chip size of 6.5 mm*18.4 mm were achieved using a simple stacked gate cell structure and 0.6- mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Laser gas assisted nitriding of alumina surfaces (2009)

The laser control melting can be applied to improve the structural and tribological properties of alumina surfaces. In this case, the laser remelting provides a homogeneous structure while the assisting gas diffuses into molten layer forming the nitride compounds in the irradiated region. Since the process is rapid, local heating with controllable depth and cost effective, the laser remelting provides several advantages over the conventional surface treatment techniques. In the present study, laser melting and gas assisted nitriding of alumina pellets are carried out. Morphological and metallurgical changes after the laser treatment process are examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and indentation tests. It is found that two regions are formed in the laser irradiated zone. The first region below the surface is dense and composes of α-Al 2 O 3 and AlN while in the second region, which is below the first region, randomly stacked lamellae structure is observed.
On the control of the trophoblastic giant-cell transformation in the mouse: homotypic cellular interactions and polyploidy (1981)

Trophoblastic tissues grown under different conditions in vitro display distinct patterns of cellular growth. Thus, trophoblast cultured on 'bacteriological grade' plastic surfaces remained in suspension culture as rounded tissue fragments. Such tissues maintained numerous cell contacts and remained, in turn, largely diploid. Trophoblast explanted on a 'tissue-culture grade' substrate formed monolayers. These contained fewer cell contacts and had more giant nuclei than the rounded tissues. Finally, if trophoblast was dissociated and grown as attached single cells, so that cell contact was minimal or absent, the single-cell preparations contained more giant nuclei than tissues grown either as monolayers or in suspension. These results suggest that changes in tissue shape and the number of cell contacts can modify the growth of mouse trophoblast and alter its ability to become giant.
Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence for the Rotation of the Water Molecule in Solid Argon (1962)

High-resolution spectra of H2O, HDO, and D2O suspended in solid Ar have been observed in the range 4°—27°K. Evidence has been obtained for the rotation of these species in Ar matrices. The majority of the observed lines are found to be in very good agreement with low-J transitions of the gas spectra, allowing for a small matrix shift. Transitions arising from both spin modifications of H2O and D2O have been observed and the observed intensities suggest that a large degree of spin equilibration has taken place. A small contamination of O2 may be responsible for this. A perturbation of one of the rotational levels of ν2—H2O is discussed.
Two-dimensional dipolar nematic colloidal crystals (2007)

We study the interactions and directed assembly of dipolar nematic colloidal particles in planar nematic cells using laser tweezers. The binding energies for two stable configurations of a colloidal pair with homeotropic surface alignment are determined. It is shown that the orientation of the dipolar colloidal particle can efficiently be controlled and changed by locally quenching the nematic liquid crystal from the laser-induced isotropic phase. The interaction of a single colloidal particle with a single colloidal chain is determined and the interactions between pairs of colloidal chains are studied. We demonstrate that dipolar colloidal chains self-assemble into the two-dimensional (2D) dipolar nematic colloidal crystals. An odd-even effect is observed with increasing number of colloidal chains forming the 2D colloidal crystal.