gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MoSi etch of phase-shift masks (2003)

Studies on MoSi etch processes were carried out using a design-of-experiments (DOE) methodology. Data was gathered using profilometers and optical critical dimension (CD) measurement systems. MoSi etch chemical kinetics was studied and a kinetic equation was developed showing that MoSi etch rate has a linear relationship with inductively coupled plasma (ICP) power, and an exponential relationship with the negative inverse of the DC bias electrode voltage. The reaction orders of the MoSi etch were 0.2 to SF6 concentration (molar fraction) and 0.5 to O2 concentration, and the activation energy was found to be 1350 kJ/mol. A dimensionless number method was used for results analysis and a calculable dimensionless number was defined. This number was found to be proportional to the isolated/dense etch bias. Etcher performance was also analyzed using a matrix transformation method and it was found that matrix-analysis-calculated etch results agreed with those obtained by experimental measurement. The optimal MoSi etch process window was expressed graphically.
Yield analysis of logic circuits (2004)

Complex SOC's developed in VDSM technologies require adequate solutions to diagnose and analyze yield losses. This paper focuses on the diagnosis of logic circuits embedded in SOCs. The core instrument leveraged is ATPG used during test vectors generation and analysis of failures. This work emphasizes the results obtained in systematically applying ATPG diagnosis on failures detected in the manufacturing test floor. Details on diagnosis flow and ATE data collection are given. Experimental results are provided.
Roman Catholic Sacramental Preparation: For Kids Only? (2006)

In lieu of an abstract, below is the essay's first paragraph.\n"In Roman Catholic parishes throughout not only the Diocese of Rochester, New York, but also around the United States and Canada, parish-based catechetical formation in preparation for sacramental celebration is losing ground in favor of the family-based model, where the parents fulfill their roles as the primary educators of their children."
Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of ZnO nanorod/Ag nanoparticle composites (2009)

Abstract A simple sonochemical route for the synthesis of Ag nanoparticles on ZnO nanorods is reported. Ultrasonic irradiation of a mixture of ZnO nanorods, Ag(NH 3 ) 2 + , and formaldehyde in an aqueous medium yields ZnO nanorod/Ag nanoparticle composites. The powder X‐ray diffraction of the ZnO/Ag composites shows additional diffraction peaks corresponding to the face‐center‐cubic structured Ag crystalline, apart from the signals from the ZnO nanorods. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images of the ZnO/Ag composites reveal that the ZnO nanorods are coated with Ag nanoparticles with a mean size of several tens nanometer. The absorption band of ZnO/Ag composites is distinctly broadened and red‐shifted, indicating the strong interfacial interaction between ZnO nanorods and Ag nanoparticles. This sonochemical method is simple, mild and readily scaled up, affording a simple way for synthesis of other composites. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applications of control networks in distributed robotic systems (2002)

Our research centers around finding hardware and software components that enable us to mimic biological entities and colonies within the context of multi-agent systems. Specifically, we use control networks with fieldbus or wireless data links to connect distributed hardware and software modules. Although there are many implementations of multi-agent systems, most literature seems to focus on the algorithmic aspects. In this paper, we describe how LonWorks control networks, coupled with minimal custom electromechanical devices, can be used to construct multi-agent systems. Important issues include real-time system constraints, fault-tolerance, synchronization, and, of course, solving the robotic tasks at hand. We describe three proof-of-concept projects currently underway: a biped walking robot; an hexapod colony; and a complex autonomous vehicle. It is believed that attributes observed in these projects can be used to build application-specific systems for automation, space exploration, hazardous materials operations, etc.
TGF-β blockade depletes T regulatory cells from metastatic pancreatic tumors in a vaccine dependent manner (2015)

Our neoadjuvant clinical trial of a GM-CSF secreting allogeneic pancreas tumor vaccine (GVAX) revealed the development of tertiary lymphoid aggregates (TLAs) within the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) tumor microenvironment 2 weeks after GVAX treatment. Microarray studies revealed that multiple components of the TGF-β pathway were suppressed in TLAs from patients who survived greater than 3 years and who demonstrated vaccine-enhanced mesothelin-specific T cell responses. We tested the hypothesis that combining GVAX with TGF-β inhibitors will improve the anti-tumor immune response of vaccine therapy. In a metastatic murine model of pancreatic cancer, combination therapy with GVAX vaccine and a TGF-β blocking antibody improved the cure rate of PDA-bearing mice. TGF-β blockade in combination with GVAX significantly increased the infiltration of effector CD8+ T lymphocytes, specifically anti-tumor-specific IFN-g producing CD8+ T cells, when compared to monotherapy controls (all p < 0.05). TGF-β blockade alone did not deplete T regulatory cells (Tregs), but when give in combination with GVAX, GVAX induced intratumoral Tregs were depleted. Therefore, our PDA preclinical model demonstrates a survival advantage in mice treated with an anti-TGF-β antibody combined with GVAX therapy and provides strong rational for testing this combinational therapy in clinical trials.
GHS and its impact on laboratory safety (2009)

In a process that began in the early 1990s, the United States and other countries are moving forward to adopt the United Nations “Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals” (GHS) that seeks to protect human health and the environment by standardizing labeling and hazard information for all chemicals sold or traded in world-wide commerce. GHS will have a significant impact on the chemical industry that manufactures and supplies chemicals and it will also have impact on the users of chemicals. Chemists and other scientists working in laboratories handle collectively thousands of chemicals in relatively small quantities in their experiments, procedures, and other laboratory operations. Recognition of chemical hazards, an essential component of laboratory safety, depends upon the availability of clear and accurate information about specific chemical hazards on labels and other sources, such as Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). This paper examines the opportunities and challenges for laboratory safety resulting from implementation of GHS. Noteworthy is that the new GHS rating system is the opposite of the existing National Fire Protection Association Diamond rating system.
Modeling and simulation of transition zones in tight carbonate reservoirs by incorporation of improved rock typing and hysteresis models (2018)

Transition zones in tight heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs contain a considerable amount of original oil in place. Identifying and characterizing the petrophysical flow units of the transition zone is crucial for reserve estimation and performance prediction. This paper presents a petrophysical rock typing method based on decoding pore-size distributions from mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) data by using Thomeer hyperboles, with proven application in a tight carbonate reservoir in the Middle East region. In this study, 150 MICP data sets were used which were type curve matched using Thomeer Hyperbolas with closure correction. Multivariate clustering method has been employed to divide the samples into a number of groups for the purpose of both representing the reservoir heterogeneity and simplifying rock typing for dynamic modeling. From the MICP curves, it has been found that mainly monomodal pore systems prevail in the targeted transition zone and five different rock types are identified. It has been observed that most of the pore throat types are meso and micro types with the negligible existence of nano-pore type. The intrinsic advantage of this rock typing method is to describe the pore system quantitatively, which is different from other rock typing methods based on the apparent poro-perm relationship. The comparison of the grouped data with the petrophysical properties showed that different pore-size distributions yield similar porosity and permeability values, reinforcing the importance of grouping rocks based on pore systems instead of their resulting properties. Additionally, a study has also been conducted to improve understanding on the relative permeability in transition zone by implementing an up-to-date model for the mix-wet condition. The work in this paper provides a guide for the further understanding of rock typing and modeling of transition zones in carbonate reservoirs.
Comparison of Low-Fidelity TRANSIMS and High-Fidelity CORSIM Highway Simulation Models with Intelligent Transportation System Data (2000)

In recent years there has been increased emphasis in the transportation modeling field on replacing macroscopic supply functions with simulation models. For example, the highway supply relationship in the Transportation Analysis and Simulation System (TRANSIMS) is based on a low-fidelity microsimulation model. How the TRANSIMS low-fidelity highway simulation module compares with a high-fidelity model and with empirical observations from intelligent transportation system (ITS) implementation projects has been examined. A section of Interstate 10 in Houston, Texas, was used as a test bed and ITS data were obtained for calibration and validation purposes. For comparison, the high-fidelity CORSIM model, which is used extensively in North America for operational analyses, was calibrated and tested with the same data. The two models did equally well at replicating the baseline volume data. In addition, the mean travel time output from the calibrated TRANSIMS model tended to be about 20 percent greater than the mean travel time from the calibrated CORSIM model. In general, the observed travel times were found to lie between the simulated values from the TRANSIMS and CORSIM models. More important, the link and corridor travel time variability appeared to be significantly less than the observed travel time variability. It is hypothesized that this difference may affect certain measures of effectiveness, such as automobile emissions, that will be used by transportation planners.
Inkjet-Printed Silver Gate Electrode and Organic Dielectric Materials for Bottom-Gate Pentacene Thin-Film Transistors (2009)

This work was supported by \SystemIC2010 project
of Korea Ministry of Knowledge Economy and by the
Seoul R&BD Program (CRO70048).
Concerted promoter hypermethylation of <i>hMLH1</i>, <i>p16<sup>INK4A</sup></i>, and <i>E‐cadherin</i> in gastric carcinomas with microsatellite instability (2003)

In most sporadic gastric carcinomas, microsatellite instability (MSI) originates from inactivation of the hMLH1 gene by promoter hypermethylation. However, the methylation patterns of other genes and their consequences in high MSI (MSI-H) gastric carcinomas are not well characterized. To address the aberrant promoter methylation profiles of MSI-H gastric carcinomas, promoter methylation of six genes (hMLH1, p16(INK4A), E-cadherin, Rb, RASSF1A, and VHL) and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) were explored in 36 MSI-H gastric carcinomas and the results were compared with those of 43 microsatellite-stable (MSS) gastric carcinomas. Frequent promoter hypermethylation was found in hMLH1, p16(INK4A), and E-cadherin and the frequency was significantly higher in MSI-H gastric carcinomas. Promoter hypermethylation of hMLH1, E-cadherin, and p16(INK4A) was found in 89%, 78%, and 33% of MSI-H gastric carcinomas and in 16%, 32%, and 11% of MSS carcinomas, respectively (p = 0.01). Selective absent or decreased expression of the gene product related to the hypermethylated promoter was found for hMLH1 and p16(INK4A) in MSI-H carcinoma, whereas the expression of E-cadherin was generally decreased both in the MSI-H and in the MSS carcinomas. MSI-H gastric carcinomas were also related to the high CIMP (CIMP-H, three or more of the five loci examined showing methylation). Twenty-two (61%) MSI-H gastric carcinomas were CIMP-H, compared with only seven (16%) MSS carcinomas (p = 0.001). These findings indicate that hMLH1 is one of the frequent methylation targets in CIMP-H gastric carcinomas and that inactivation of hMLH1 through promoter hypermethylation results in tumours following the MSI pathway.
Processing and properties of Ag-clad BSCCO superconductors (1996)

Long lengths of mono- and multifilament Ag-clad BSCCO (Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) conductors with critical current densities of >10{sup 4} A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K were fabricated by the powder-in-tube method. {Tc} magnets were assembled by stacking pancake coils fabricated from long tapes and then tested vs applied magnetic field at various temperatures. A magnet that contained {approx}2400 m of {Tc} conductor generated a field of 3.2 T at 4.2 K. In-situ tensile and bending properties of the Ag-clad conductors were studied. Multilayer Ag/superconductor composites were fabricated by chemical etching. Preliminary results with multilayer tapes show that continuous Ag reinforcement of the BSCCO core improves strain tolerance of the tapes so they can carry 90% of their initial I{sub c} at 1% bend strain desite a higher superconductor/Ag ratio than that of unreinforced tapes.
Deformation of x-ray lithography masks during tool chucking (1992)

Finite element modeling is used in this article to describe the elastic deformation of x-ray lithography masks due to chucking in the electron-beam writer or the lithographic tool. The total overlay budget for the lithography of 0.25 μm ground rule devices is less than 0.1 μm (3 σ) including all possible sources of error. Chuck induced random deformation of x-ray masks can contribute a significant amount to this overlay error [A. Chen et al., J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, XXXX (1992)]. In addition, errors could arise also if different chucking techniques are used in the writing and exposure tools [A. Chen, S. Lalapet and J. R. Malonado, J. Vac. Technol. B 9, 3306 (1991)]. Based on the state of the art of the precision and accuracy of mask aligners and e-beam writers, it is required that the mask deformation due to chucking should be kept below 10 nm (3 σ). Several finite element models were constructed to simulate x-ray lithography masks under different chucking methods: (a) an idealized kinematic chucking, (b) full surface chucking, e.g., chucked by a vacuum ring, and (c) three point chucking. The maximum in-plane deformation of the x-ray mask membrane was normalized to the ratio of the modulus of elasticity of the mask support structure (Pyrex; trademark of Cornia Glass) and the chuck material. The calculated in-plane deformations of the x-ray mask membrane were compared among the various chucking techniques mentioned above. The results are helpful in the design of aligner and exposure tools from the point of view of selecting proper chuck materials and methods to minimize mask membrane deformations.
Variable chunk size and adaptive scheduling window for P2P streaming of scalable video (2012)

Inspired by the success of BitTorrent in peer-to-peer (P2P) file sharing, many research groups have proposed extensions of BitTorrent to enable P2P video delivery over the Internet in a time-sensitive manner. However, fixed sized chunks, a feature of the Torrent protocol, leads to inefficiency in application layer framing for error resilient video streaming, since video slices are variable length when encoded at constant quality. This paper proposes two modifications to the Torrent protocol, variable chunk size and adaptive scheduling window, for efficient, error-resilient, adaptive P2P streaming of scalable video. Experimental results show that the proposed modifications yield superior results in terms of number of decoded frames, hence superior quality of experience, in P2P video streaming.
Role for Phosphoglucomutase in <i>Vibrio fischeri-Euprymna scolopes</i> Symbiosis (2002)

Vibrio fischeri, a luminescent marine bacterium, specifically colonizes the light organ of its symbiotic partner, the Hawaiian squid Euprymna scolopes. In a screen for V. fischeri colonization mutants, we identified a strain that exhibited on average a 10-fold decrease in colonization levels relative to that achieved by wild-type V. fischeri. Further characterization revealed that this defect did not result from reduced luminescence or motility, two processes required for normal colonization. We determined that the transposon in this mutant disrupted a gene with high sequence identity to the pgm (phosphoglucomutase) gene of Escherichia coli, which encodes an enzyme that functions in both galactose metabolism and the synthesis of UDP-glucose. The V. fischeri mutant grew poorly with galactose as a sole carbon source and was defective for phosphoglucomutase activity, suggesting functional identity between E. coli Pgm and the product of the V. fischeri gene, which was therefore designated pgm. In addition, lipopolysaccharide profiles of the mutant were distinct from that of the parent strain and the mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to various cationic agents and detergents. Chromosomal complementation with the wild-type pgm allele restored the colonization ability to the mutant and also complemented the other noted defects. Unlike the pgm mutant, a galactose-utilization mutant (galK) of V. fischeri colonized juvenile squid to wild-type levels, indicating that the symbiotic defect of the pgm mutant is not due to an inability to catabolize galactose. Thus, pgm represents a new gene required for promoting colonization of E. scolopes by V. fischeri.
Simultaneous Vt selection and assignment for leakage optimization (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach for leakage optimization through simultanous Vt selection and assignment. Vt selection implies deciding the right value for $V_t$ and assignment implies deciding which gates should be assigned which thresh-hold value. The proposed algorithm is a general mathematical formulation that can be trivially extended to multiple thresh-hold voltages (more than two). Traditional leakage optimization strategies either assume the prespecification of thresh-hold values or are good only for two thresh-holds. The presented formulation is based on linear programming approach under the piecewise linear approximation of delay/leakage vs thresh-hold curves. The algortihm was incorporated in SIS. Experimental results indicate that on some benchmarks having more that two thresh-holds was beneficial for leakage.
Anti‐nerve growth factor monoclonal antibodies for the control of pain in dogs and cats (2018)

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is essential for the survival of sensory and sympathetic neurons during development. However, in the adult, NGF and its interaction with tropomyosin receptor kinase A receptor (TrkA) has been found to play a critical role in nociception and nervous system plasticity in pain conditions. Thus, various monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies targeting this pathway have been investigated in the development of new pharmacotherapies for chronic pain. Although none of the mAbs against NGF are yet approved for use in humans, they look very promising for the effective control of pain. Recently, species-specific anti-NGF mAbs for the management of osteoarthritis (OA)-associated pain in dogs and cats has been developed, and early clinical trials have been conducted. Anti-NGF therapy looks to be both very effective and very promising as a novel therapy against chronic pain in dogs and cats. This review outlines the mechanism of action of NGF, the role of NGF in osteoarthritis, research in rodent OA models and the current status of the development of anti-NGF mAbs in humans. Furthermore, we describe and discuss the recent development of species-specific anti-NGF mAbs for the treatment of OA-associated pain in veterinary medicine.
Bit-interleaved coded modulation for hybrid rf/fso systems (2008)

In this thesis, we propose a novel architecture for hybrid radio frequency (RF)/free–space optics (FSO) wireless systems. Hybrid RF/FSO systems are attractive since the RF and FSO sub–systems are affected differently by weather and fading phenomena. We give a thorough introduction to the RF and FSO technology, respectively. The state of the art of hybrid RF/FSO systems is reviewed. We show that a hybrid system robust to different weather conditions is obtained by joint bit–interleaved coded modulation (BICM) of the bit streams transmitted over the RF and FSO sub–channels. An asymptotic performance analysis reveals that a properly designed convolutional code can exploit the diversity offered by the independent sub–channels. Furthermore, we develop code design and power assignment criteria and provide an efficient code search procedure. The cut–off rate of the proposed hybrid system is also derived and compared to that of hybrid systems with perfect channel state information at the transmitter. Simulation results show that hybrid RF/FSO systems with BICM outperform previously proposed hybrid systems employing a simple repetition code and selection diversity.
Engineering dynamics of growth factors and other therapeutic ligands (1996)

Peptide growth factors and other receptor-binding cytokine ligands are of interest in contemporary molecular health care approaches in applications such as wound healing, tissue regeneration, and gene therapy. Development of effective technologies based on operation of these regulatory molecules requires an ability to deliver the ligands to target cells in a reliable and well-characterizable manner. Quantitative information concerning the fate of peptide ligands within tissues is necessary for adequate interpretation of experimental observations at the tissue level and for truly rational engineering design of ligand-based therapies. To address this need, we are undertaking efforts to elucidate effects of key molecular and cellular parameters on temporal and spatial distribution of cytokines in cell population and cell/matrix systems. In this article we summarize some of our recent findings on dynamics of growth factor depletion by cellular endocytic trafficking, growth factor transport through cellular matrices, and growth factor production and release by autocrine cell systems. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.