gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-order polarization mode dispersion: impact on analog and digital transmissions (1998)

Second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is a major limitation to the transmission capabilities of analog systems and of high bit rate digital systems. Basically, the effect of second-order PMD is the same as that of chromatic dispersion. However, like all polarization effects in standard single-mode fibers, the effects of second-order PMD are stochastic, due to the random polarization mode coupling that occurs in such fibers. Hence, the effects of second-order PMD fluctuate with time. The purpose of this article is to present a description of the phenomenon and of its effects on analog and digital signals, to propose definitions, to discuss some orders of magnitudes and to present some numerical simulations and experimental results. Some general understanding of the phenomena of first-order PMD are assumed.
Testing Whether New is Better than Used (1972)

A $U$-statistic $J_n$ is proposed for testing the hypothesis $H_0$ that a new item has stochastically the same life length as a used item of any age (i.e., the life distribution $F$ is exponential), against the alternative hypothesis $H_1$ that a new item has stochastically greater life length $(\bar{F}(x)\bar{F}(y) \geqq \bar{F}(x + y)$, for all $x \geqq 0, y \geqq 0$, where $\bar{F} = 1 - F). J_n$ is unbiased; in fact, under a partial ordering of $H_1$ distributions, $J_n$ is ordered stochastically in the same way. Consistency against $H_1$ alternatives is shown, and asymptotic relative efficiencies are computed. Small sample null tail probabilities are derived, and critical values are tabulated to permit application of the test.
Generation of Improved Gas Linear Velocities in a Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography System (2007)

A comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC x GC) system (for convenience defined as "split flow" GC x GC), which may be operated at improved gas linear velocities in both dimensions, has been developed. The setup is formed of an apolar 30 m x 0.25 mm i.d. column connected, by means of a Y press fit, to a detector-linked 1 m x 0.1 mm i.d. polar analytical column, which passes through the (cryogenic) modulator, and to a 0.3 m x 0.1 mm i.d. retention gap, which is connected to a manually operated split valve. The latter enables the regulation of gas flows through the second analytical column [e.g., 60:40 (FID) ratio, 50:50 ratio, 40:60 (FID) ratio, etc.], in order to generate the most appropriate gas linear velocity, which is related to each specific analysis. In the pre-sent investigation, two sets of traditional and split flow GC x GC analyses were carried out on a cod liver oil fatty acid methyl ester sample by using the same temperature programs [180-250 degrees C at (a) 3 degrees C/min and at (b) 1.3 degrees C/min] and at an average first-dimension linear velocity of approximately 35.0 cm/s; thus, primary column retention times (and therefore elution temperatures) were essentially maintained. The second-dimension linear velocity was calculated to be approximately 333 cm/s in the traditional applications, while it was split valve-regulated until the most appropriate values [(a) approximately 213 cm/s; (b) approximately 264 cm/s] were attained in the alternative applications. Substantial improvements were observed and measured in the chromatography along the y-axis, while the contour plot chemical class structure was maintained.
Conclusion (2010)

Power based solely on economics is a relatively new concept. However, lessons learned from power derived from military prowess is little different. There is a certain inevitability to the decline of both. And, there are lessons to learn from each.
Isolation and Culture of Human Endometrial Glands* (1979)

A simple method for isolation of glands from human endometrium has been developed. The procedure involves collagenase digestion of the endometrial tissue and filtration through sieves of various pore sizes. Isolated glands retained on the sieves were washed and collected in culture dishes. Tubular organization of the isolated glands was ascertained by examination of the preparations under inverted microscope and light microscopy of stained sections. The appearance of the glands was found to reflect different functional states of the endometrium and, possibly, to reveal abnormalities. Growth of monolayers of epithelial cells derived from the glands was observed within 24 h of culturing. Electron microscopy of the cells in 7-day monolayer preparations from both proliferative and secretory endometrium revealed the characteristic features of human endometrial epithelial cells, viz. presence of microvilli and desmosome-like junctions. Nuclear bodies were observed in cells derived from both types of endometrium.
An induction system that learns programs in different programming languages using genetic programming and logic grammars (2002)

Genetic programming (GP) and inductive logic programming (ILP) have received increasing interest. Since their formalisms are so different these two approaches cannot be integrated easily though they share many common goals and functionalities. A unification will greatly enhance their problem solving power. Moreover, they are restricted in the computer languages in which programs can be induced. We present a flexible system called LOGENPRO (The logic grammar based genetic programming system) that combines GP and ILP. It is based on a formalism of logic grammars. The system can learn programs in various programming languages and represent context-sensitive information and domain-dependent knowledge. The performance of LOGENPRO in inducing logic programs from noisy examples is evaluated. A detailed comparison with FOIL has been conducted. This experiment demonstrates that LOGENPRO is a promising alternative to other inductive logic programming systems and sometimes is superior for handling noisy data. Moreover, a series of examples are used to illustrate that LOGENPRO is so flexible that programs in different programming languages including LISP, Prolog and Fuzzy Prolog can be induced.
Influence of Addition of Polyols and Food Emulsifiers on the Retrogradation Rate of Starch (1992)

The influence of polyols and emulsifiers on hardening of non-glutinous rice starch gels has been investigated. The polyols and emulsifiers were added at concentrations of 6% (w/w) and 0.2% (w/w), respectively , to starch gels (starch content, 30%). The hardening rate and the initial viscoelastic values of gels were computed by analyzing static linear viscoelastic parameters (creep compliance) of the gels stored at 0 C for up to 3,000 minutes. Hardening of gels, i.e., retrogradation of starch, could be described by a first order kinetic equation. Polyols prevented the retrogradation of starch, and formed rigid and stable gel matrices. Emulsifiers also retarded starch retrogradation and stabilized the gel network. The use of the two food additives was successful in retarding the retrogradation of starch. It follows that these effects might be attributed to the water-structure formation effect of polyols and the complex-formation of starch chains with emulsifier molecules.
Stereoselective Formation of Helical Binuclear Metal Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Crystal Structures of Chiral Bis-Rhenium(I) Quaterpyridine Complexes (2009)

A series of single-stranded helical Re(I) complexes, of formula [Re(2)(L)Br(2)(CO)(6)], were prepared by reacting [Re(CO)(5)Br] with chiral quaterpyridines L1-4. By (1)H and (13)C NMR analysis, all the crude complexes consisted of a pair of stereoisomers. Sterically more demanding ligand L4 induced a higher ratio (80:20) than L1-3 (about 56:44). Stereochemically pure complexes could be obtained by recrystallization in CH(2)Cl(2). X-ray crystallographic analysis of single crystals from purified complexes showed a single-stranded helical structure with a bridging ligand wrapped around two distorted octahedral rhenium metals, both of which possessed one bromide ligand and three carbonyl ligands in a fac coordination. The helical core is established by extensive noncovalent electrostatic interactions and chiral information is transmitted from the ligand to the helix through these interactions. Solution behavior was studied by CD spectroscopy, and the strong Cotton effect confirms the integrity of the helical structure in solution. The diastereoselectivity of helicates is proposed to be induced by steric interaction between the bromine atom and the substituent of the bridging ligand.
Differential Tumorigenic Potential and Matriptase Activation between PDGF B versus PDGF D in Prostate Cancer (2012)

The platelet-derived growth factors (PDGF A, B, C, and D) and their receptors (α-PDGFR and β-PDGFR) play an indispensible role in physiologic and pathologic conditions, including tumorigenesis. The transformative β-PDGFR is overexpressed and activated during prostate cancer progression, but the identification and functional significance of its complementary ligand have not been elucidated. This study examined potential oncogenic functions of β-PDGFR ligands PDGF B and PDGF D, using nonmalignant prostate epithelial cells engineered to overexpress these ligands. In our models, PDGF D induced cell migration and invasion more effectively than PDGF B in vitro. Importantly, PDGF D supported prostate epithelial cell tumorigenesis in vivo and showed increased tumor angiogenesis compared with PDGF B. Autocrine signaling analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways found PDGF D-specific activation of the c-jun-NH2-kinase (JNK) signaling cascade. Using short hairpin RNA and pharmacologic inhibitors, we showed that PDGFD-mediated phenotypic transformation is β-PDGFR and JNK dependent. Importantly, we made a novel finding of PDGF D-specific increase in the shedding and activation of the serine protease matriptase in prostate epithelial cells. Our study, for the first time to our knowledge, showed ligand-specific β-PDGFR signaling as well as PDGF D-specific regulation of matriptase activity and its spatial distribution through shedding. Taken together with our previous finding that matriptase is a proteolytic activator of PDGF D, this study provides a molecular insight into signal amplification of the proteolytic network and PDGF signaling loop during cancer progression.
Fast Distributed Submodular Cover: Public-Private Data Summarization (2016)

In this paper, we introduce the public-private framework of data summarization motivated by privacy concerns in personalized recommender systems and online social services. Such systems have usually access to massive data generated by a large pool of users. A major fraction of the data is public and is visible to (and can be used for) all users. However, each user can also contribute some private data that should not be shared with other users to ensure her privacy. The goal is to provide a succinct summary of massive dataset, ideally as small as possible, from which customized summaries can be built for each user, i.e. it can contain elements from the public data (for diversity) and users' private data (for personalization). To formalize the above challenge, we assume that the scoring function according to which a user evaluates the utility of her summary satisfies submodularity, a widely used notion in data summarization applications. Thus, we model the data summarization targeted to each user as an instance of a submodular cover problem. However, when the data is massive it is infeasible to use the centralized greedy algorithm to find a customized summary even for a single user. Moreover, for a large pool of users, it is too time consuming to find such summaries separately. Instead, we develop a fast distributed algorithm for submodular cover, FASTCOVER, that provides a succinct summary in one shot and for all users. We show that the solution provided by FASTCOVER is competitive with that of the centralized algorithm with the number of rounds that is exponentially smaller than state of the art results. Moreover, we have implemented FASTCOVER with Spark to demonstrate its practical performance on a number of concrete applications, including personalized location recommendation, personalized movie recommendation, and dominating set on tens of millions of data points and varying number of users.
Endometrial cancer stem cells: a new target for cancer therapy. (2012)

Adult stem cells have recently been identified in several types of mature tissue and it has also been suggested that stem-like cells exist in cancerous tissues. In this regard, stem-like cell subpopulations, referred to as side-population (SP) cells, have been identified in several tissue and tumor types, based on their ability to remove intracellular Hoechst 33342, a fluorescent dye. We have isolated and characterized SP cells from normal human endometrium and an endometrial cancer cell line. Endometrial SP cells can function as progenitor cells. Endometrial cancer SP cells possess the following characteristics: i) reduced expression levels of differentiation markers, ii) long-term repopulating properties, iii) self-renewal capacity, iv) enhanced migration and podia formation, v) enhanced tumorigenicity, and vi) bi-potential development (tumor cells and stroma-like cells), suggesting that they have cancer stem-like cell features. Recently, we demonstrated that sodium butyrate, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, inhibited the self-renewal capacity of endometrial cancer SP cells by inducing a DNA damage response. Here, we review recent articles that show the presence of stem cells in normal endometrium and endometrial cancer and introduce the results of our own recent studies.
Deriving Realistic Source Boundary Conditions for a CFD Simulation of Concentrations in Workroom Air (2011)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used increasingly to simulate the distribution of airborne contaminants in enclosed spaces for exposure assessment and control, but the importance of realistic boundary conditions is often not fully appreciated. In a workroom for manufacturing capacitors, full-shift samples for isoamyl acetate (IAA) were collected for 3 days at 16 locations, and velocities were measured at supply grills and at various points near the source. Then, velocity and concentration fields were simulated by 3-dimensional steady-state CFD using 295K tetrahedral cells, the k-ε turbulence model, standard wall function, and convergence criteria of 10(-6) for all scalars. Here, we demonstrate the need to represent boundary conditions accurately, especially emission characteristics at the contaminant source, and to obtain good agreement between observations and CFD results. Emission rates for each day were determined from six concentrations measured in the near field and one upwind using an IAA mass balance. The emission was initially represented as undiluted IAA vapor, but the concentrations estimated using CFD differed greatly from the measured concentrations. A second set of simulations was performed using the same IAA emission rates but a more realistic representation of the source. This yielded good agreement with measured values. Paying particular attention to the region with highest worker exposure potential-within 1.3 m of the source center-the air speed and IAA concentrations estimated by CFD were not significantly different from the measured values (P = 0.92 and P = 0.67, respectively). Thus, careful consideration of source boundary conditions greatly improved agreement with the measured values.
Registration of WCL‐SL1 Salt Tolerant <i>Lesquerella fendleri</i> Germplasm (2001)

In 5 yr of commercial seed production, Award has shown Registration of 'Award' Kentucky Bluegrassthe potential for high yields of quality seed, with freedom 'Award' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) (Reg.no.from ergot [caused by Claviceps purpurea (Fr.)Tul.] honeydew CV-55, PI 599222) is a turf-type cultivar released in August and sclerotia.Award has exhibited no adverse reactions to 1996 by Simplot Turf and Horticulture, Post Falls, ID.The labeled Kentucky bluegrass pesticides.experimental designations for Award were 91-3376 and J-3376.Award is recommended for lawns, golf courses, parks, and Award originated as a highly apomictic, single-plant selecsports turf in areas where Kentucky bluegrass is well adapted tion from hybrid cross number 89-1037, made in the field in for turf.It can be grown in full sun or some shade.Award is July 1989.Pollen from 'Midnight' Kentucky bluegrass (2) was compatible in blends and mixtures with other cool-season turfused to pollinate plants of 'Limousine' (1).Seed harvested grasses.from the Limousine mother plants was individually sown into Breeder seed, first harvested in 1995, is maintained by Simcells of greenhouse flats during the spring of 1990.The replot Turf and Horticulture.Seed propagation is limited to sulting plants were grown in a spaced-plant field nursery of four cycles of increase: Breeder, Foundation, Registered, and 33 500 plants.Offspring with characteristics dissimilar to Lim-Certified.U.S. Plant Variety Protection status for Award has ousine, the female parent, were flagged during maturation in been applied for (PVP certificate no.9700382).the spring of 1991.Plant number 91-3376 was identified as A. Douglas Brede* (4) being different from Limousine by its seedhead characteristics at maturity.Seed harvested from this plant was used to establish a turf trial in September 1991, a replicated seed yield trial References and Notes in August 1992, and a plant variety protection (PVP) trial in 1.
Improving cache hit ratio by extended referencing cache lines (2003)

Cache memory has been proved to narrow the latency between CPU and main memory. In this study, an algorithm is presented to improve the cache-hit ratio by using an extension to the locality of references (spatial and temporal). The new algorithm extends the reference flagging to additional data lines already residing in the cache besides the one referenced by the processor. It is an extension to a two-way set associative mapping function working in conjunction with a LRU replacement technique. Experiments conducted with memory access traces of running an electrical circuit simulator showed a slight improvement over the standard LRU technique, justifying the use of the new algorithm.
ATM customer network management using WWW and CORBA technologies (2002)

In this paper, we present a framework for managing ATM customer networks using WWW and CORBA technologies. The WWW technology may provide network management operators with platform independence, location independence, friendly and/or consistent management behavior as well as secure management operations. The main problems in a Web-based network management system may include limited management capabilities of HTTP operations and lack of supporting mechanisms for trap or event notifications. These problems are, in this paper, solved by the integration of Java and CORBA technologies. We extend the current Web technology which is being used for transferring various information on Internet to those which can be used to transfer management requests and replies as well as event notifications. A Web browser is used as a universal user interface for monitoring and controlling the activities of the ATM customer networks. We have developed an integrated customer network management system which can manage SNMP-enabled or CMIP-enabled network devices and provide ATM CNM services. In particular, we applied the CORBA technology to accommodate several management protocols such as SNMP, CMIP and other management protocols. Through the CORBA IDL-to-Java mapping, complex management operations as well as event notifications are supported without modification of the current WWW systems.
A computer vision system that ensure the autonomous navigation of blind people (2013)

In this paper we introduce a real-time obstacle recognition framework designed to alert the visually impaired people/blind of their presence and to assist humans to navigate safely, in indoor and outdoor environments, by handling a Smartphone device. Static and dynamic objects are detected using interest points selected based on an image grid and tracked using the multiscale Lucas-Kanade algorithm. Next, we activated an object classification methodology. We incorporate HOG (Histogram of Oriented Gradients) descriptor into the BoVW (Bag of Visual Words) retrieval framework and demonstrate how this combination may be used for obstacle classification in video streams. The experimental results performed on various challenging scenes demonstrate that our approach is effective in image sequence with important camera movement, including noise and low resolution data and achieves high accuracy, while being computational efficient.
Characterization of defatted soy flour and elastomer composites (2005)

Abstract Defatted soy flour (DSF) is an abundant renewable commodity and is more economically favorable then soy protein isolate or soy protein concentrate. DSF contains soy protein, soy carbohydrate, and soy whey. The aqueous dispersion of DSF was blended with styrene‐butadiene latex to form elastomer composites. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate increased the tensile stress in the small strain region, but reduced the elongation at break. The shear elastic modulus of the composites showed an increase in the small strain region, consistent with its stress‐strain behavior. The inclusion of soy carbohydrate and soy whey also improved the recovery behavior in the nonlinear region. At small strain, the shear elastic modulus of 30% filled composites at 140°C was about 500 times higher than that of the unfilled elastomer, indicating a significant reinforcement effect generated by DSF. Compared with soy protein isolate (SPI), the stress softening effect and recovery behavior under dynamic strain indicate the addition of soy carbohydrate and soy whey may have increased the filler‐rubber interaction. In general, the DSF composites gave better mechanical properties compared with the protein composites. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 353–361, 2005
Characterizing auditory processing and perception in individual listeners with sensorineural hearing loss (2011)

This study considered consequences of sensorineural hearing loss in ten listeners. The characterization of individual hearing loss was based on psychoacoustic data addressing audiometric pure-tone sensitivity, cochlear compression, frequency selectivity, temporal resolution, and intensity discrimination. In the experiments it was found that listeners with comparable audiograms can show very different results in the supra-threshold measures. In an attempt to account for the observed individual data, a model of auditory signal processing and perception [Jepsen et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 124, 422-438 (2008)] was used as a framework. The parameters of the cochlear processing stage of the model were adjusted to account for behaviorally estimated individual basilar-membrane input-output functions and the audiogram, from which the amounts of inner hair-cell and outer hair-cell losses were estimated as a function of frequency. All other model parameters were left unchanged. The predictions showed a reasonably good agreement with the measured individual data in the frequency selectivity and forward masking conditions while the variation of intensity discrimination thresholds across listeners was underestimated by the model. The model and the associated parameters for individual hearing-impaired listeners might be useful for investigating effects of individual hearing impairment in more complex conditions, such as speech intelligibility in noise.