gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary conservation of possible functional domains of the human and murine <i>XIST</i> genes (1993)

The human XIST gene, a candidate for a role in X chromosome inactivation, has recently been cloned and sequenced, yielding a 17 kb cDNA with no apparent significant, conserved open reading frame. In addition, the XIST transcript has been localized within the nucleus to the Barr body by RNA in situ hybridization. This subnuclear localization and lack of any significant protein-coding potential suggest that XIST may act as a functional RNA within the nucleus. In the absence of a conserved open reading frame, we have turned to evolutionary studies as a first step toward elucidating a function for XIST in the process of X inactivation. While probes for XIST detect homologues in numerous eutherians, sequence comparisons require significant gapping and reveal identity levels intermediate between those seen for coding and non-coding regions in other genes. Further, sequence comparison of the most likely candidate open reading frame among several primate species reveals sequence changes not normally associated with protein-coding regions. Other features of XIST are conserved in different species, however, including the position of a major transcription start site and active X chromosome-specific DNA methylation patterns at the gene's 5' end. Finally, a possible molecular basis for differing propensity toward X inactivation between Xce alleles in mouse is investigated by comparing the sequence of the Xist conserved 5' repeats in mouse strains carrying different Xce alleles.
Serum esterases. 1. Two types of esterase (A and B) hydrolysing <i>p</i>-nitrophenyl acetate, propionate and butyrate, and a method for their determination (1953)

Research Article| January 01 1953 Serum esterases. 1. Two types of esterase (A and B) hydrolysing p-nitrophenyl acetate, propionate and butyrate, and a method for their determination W. N. Aldridge W. N. Aldridge 1Medical Research Council Unit for Research in Toxicology, Serum Research Institute, Carshalton, Surrey Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1953) 53 (1): 110–117. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0530110 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. N. Aldridge; Serum esterases. 1. Two types of esterase (A and B) hydrolysing p-nitrophenyl acetate, propionate and butyrate, and a method for their determination. Biochem J 1 January 1953; 53 (1): 110–117. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0530110 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1953 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1953 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Syntectonic porphyroblast growth in phyllites: textures and processes (1987)

Abstract Porphyroblast textures in a Karakorum phyllite reveal that porphyroblast growth was syn‐tectonic with respect to a cleavage forming deformation. During and after porphyroblast growth it partitions the deformation such that zones of intensified cleavage are developed which wrap around the porphyroblast whilst the porphyroblast and its strain shadow undergo little deformation. Porphyroblast strain shadows comprise quartz, calcite and felspar with little mica, and are probably formed by solution transfer during deformation. Unless the deformation is so strongly partitioned that no deformation of the porphyroblasts and their immediate surrounds occurs, inequidimensional porphyroblasts will rotate. Porphyroblasts undergo some dissolution after they have finished growing.
New azasilatrane cations: quaternization of an equatorial nitrogen in azasilatranes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew azasilatrane cations: quaternization of an equatorial nitrogen in azasilatranesJ. Woning and John G. VerkadeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 3, 944–949Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00003a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00003a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views194Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Potential role of frequency-domain representation in selection of optimal defibrillatory shock (2002)

Many electrical waveforms have been investigated for their efficacy at achieving ventricular defibrillation. In all of these studies to date, parameters of the waveforms have been expressed in the time-domain, usually current versus time. These studies have resulted in improved shocks for both transthoracic and internal defibrillation. However, such studies have failed to yield an understanding of why some electrical waveforms are superior to others (e.g., biphasic waveforms are generally superior to uniphasic waveforms at equal delivered energies). In this study, electrical waveforms are transformed into the frequency domain, and analyzed for possible insight into the mechanism of defibrillation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cathepsin K Inhibitors: A Novel Target but Promising Approach in the Treatment of Osteoporosis (2013)

Osteoporosis is a pathologic process characterized by low bone mass with skeletal fragility and an increased risk of fracture. It occurs due to an imbalance between bone resorption and formation. Although current antiresorptive therapy halts bone loss, it does not cure the condition as it also inhibits bone formation. Recent preclinical and clinical trials suggest that the inhibition of resorption by cathepsin K inhibitors increases bone formation. Cathepsin K is a papainlike cysteine protease with high potent collagenase activity and predominantly expressed in osteoclasts. While allowing demineralization, cathepsin K inhibitors suppress the degradation of type I collagen (the major organic matrix of bone) and thus enhancing bone formation. Many of these inhibitors have passed preclinical studies and are presently in clinical trials at different stages of advancement. This review explores the promising role of cathepsin K as a novel antiresorptive for the treatment of osteoporosis.
A critical role for monocytes and CD14 in endotoxin-induced endothelial cell activation. (1993)

Vascular endothelium activated by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and cytokines plays an important role in organ inflammation and blood leukocyte recruitment observed during sepsis. Endothelial cells can be activated by LPS directly, after its interaction with LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14 in plasma. LPS-LPS-binding protein complexes in blood also interact with monocytes and neutrophils bearing glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored membrane CD14 (mCD14), promoting the release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1 (IL-1). These molecules, in turn, have the capacity to activate endothelial cells providing an indirect pathway for LPS-dependent endothelial cell activation. In this work, we address the relative importance of the direct and the indirect pathway of in vitro LPS-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activation. Substituting whole blood for plasma resulted in a 1,000-fold enhancement of HUVEC sensitivity to LPS. Both blood- and plasma-dependent enhanced activation of HUVEC were blocked with an anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody. Blood from patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, whose cells lack mCD14 and other GPI anchored proteins, was unable to enhance LPS activation of HUVEC above the level observed with plasma alone. IL-10, an inhibitor of monocyte release of cytokines, decreased the blood-dependent enhancement of HUVEC activation by LPS. Blood adapted to small doses of LPS was also less efficient than nonadapted blood in producing this enhancement. Addition of purified mononuclear cells to HUVEC or the transfer of plasma from whole blood incubated with LPS to HUVEC, duplicated the enhancement effect observed when whole blood was incubated with HUVEC. Taken together, these data suggest that the indirect pathway of LPS activation of endothelial cell is mediated by monocytes and mCD14 through the secretion of a soluble mediator(s). The indirect pathway is far more efficient than the direct, plasma-dependent pathway.
Human B Cells Secreting Immunoglobulin G to Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase-65 from a Nondiabetic Patient with Multiple Autoantibodies and Graves' Disease: A Comparison with Those Present in Type 1 Diabetes (1997)

Antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 (GAD65) are present in a number of autoimmune disorders, such as insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes mellitus (IDDM), stiff man syndrome, and polyendocrine autoimmune disease. Antibodies to GAD in IDDM patients usually recognize conformation-dependent regions on GAD65 and rarely bind to the second isoform, glutamic acid decarboxylase-67 (GAD67). In contrast, those present in stiff man syndrome and polyendocrine disease commonly target the second isoform (GAD67) and include antibodies that are less dependent on the conformation of the molecule. By immortalizing peripheral blood B cells with Epstein-Barr virus, we have generated three human IgG autoantibodies, termed b35, b78, and b96, to GAD65 from one patient with multiple autoantibodies to endocrine organs and Graves' disease. All three autoantibodies are of the IgG1 isotype, with islet cell activity, and do not react with GAD67. The regions on GAD65 recognized by the three autoantibodies have been investigated by immunoprecipitation with a series of chimeras, by binding to denatured and reduced antigens, and using protein footprinting techniques. Using chimeric GAD proteins, we have shown that b35 targets the IDDM-E1 region of GAD65 (amino acids 240-435) whereas both b78 and b96 target the IDDM-E2 region of GAD65 (amino acids 451-570). Furthermore, examination of binding to recombinant GAD65 and GAD67 by Western blotting revealed some differences in epitope recognition, where only b78 bound denatured and reduced GAD65. However, b35, b78, and b96 autoantibodies had different footprinting patterns after trypsin treatment of immune complexes with GAD65, again indicating different epitope recognition. Our results indicate that antibodies to GAD65 present in nondiabetic patients with multiple autoantibodies to endocrine organs show similarities to those in IDDM (by targeting IDDM-E1 and IDDM-E2 regions of GAD65) as well as subtle differences in epitope recognition (such as binding to denatured and reduced GAD65 and by protein footprinting). Thus, the GAD65 epitopes recognized by autoantibodies in different autoimmune diseases may overlap and be ore heterogeneous than previously recognized.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymic Protecting Group Techniques in Organic Synthesis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cut-Off Circular Waveguide Method for Dielectric Substrate Measurements in Millimeter Wave Range(General Methods, Materials, and Passive Circuits)( Advances in Characterization and Measurement Technologies for Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Materials, Devices and Circuits) (2004)

A novel resonator structure for the cut-off circular waveguide method is proposed to suppress the unwanted TE modes in the axial direction and TM modes in the radial direction. In this method, a dielectric plate sample is placed between two copper circular cylinders and clamped by two clips. The cylinder regions constitute the TE0m mode cut-off waveguides. The measurement principle is based on a rigorous analysis by the Ritz-Galerkin method. Many resonance modes observed in the measurement can be identified effectively by mode charts. In order to verify the validity of the novel structure for this method, the temperature dependences for three low-loss organic material plates were measured in the frequency range 40 to 50 GHz. It is found that modified polyolefin plates have comparable electric characteristics and low price, compared with PTFE plates. Moreover, it is verified that the novel resonator structure is effective in improvement of accuracy and stability in measurement. The measurement precisions are estimated within 1 percent for er and within 15 percent for tan δ. key words: cut-off circular waveguide method, millimeter wave, dielectric substrate measurement
UHDB31: A Dataset for Better Understanding Face Recognition Across Pose and Illumination Variation (2017)

Face datasets are a fundamental tool to analyze the performance of face recognition algorithms. However, the accuracy achieved on current benchmark datasets is saturated. Although multiple face datasets have been published recently, they only focus on the number of samples and lack diversity on facial appearance factors, such as pose and illumination. In addition, while 3D data have been demonstrated improved face recognition accuracy by a significant margin, only a few 3D face datasets provide high quality 2D and 3D data. In this paper, we introduce a new and challenging dataset, called UHDB31, which not only allows direct measurement of the influence of pose, illumination, and resolution on face recognition but also facilitates different experimental configurations with both 2D and 3D data. We conduct a series of experiments with various face recognition algorithms and point out how far they are from solving the face recognition problem under pose, illumination, and resolution variation. The dataset is publicly available and free for research use1.
Suppression of Gene Expression by G‐Quadruplexes in Open Reading Frames Depends on G‐Quadruplex Stability (2013)

Suppressing the urge to translate: Sequences with the potential to form G-quadruplexes were identified in the open reading frames of E. coli genes. These sequences were found to form parallel G-quadruplexes and to suppress translation (see picture) of the mRNAs into proteins both in vitro and in cells.
Acoustic cavitation: the fluid dynamics of non–spherical bubbles (1999)

In acoustic cavitation the spatial variation and time–dependent nature of the acoustic pressure field, whether it is a standing or propagating wave, together with the presence of other bubbles, particles and boundaries produces gradients and asymmetries in the flow field. This will inevitably lead to non–spherical bubble behaviour, often of short duration, before break–up into smaller bubbles which may act as nuclei for the generation of further bubbles. During the collapse phase, high temperatures and pressures will occur in the gaseous interior of the bubble. This paper concentrates on the non–spherical bubble extension to the earlier spherical–bubble studies for acoustic cavitation by exploiting the techniques that had previously been used to model incompressible hydraulic cavitation phenomena. Bubble behaviour near an oscillating boundary, jet impact and damage to boundaries, bubble interactions, bubble clouds and bubble behaviour near rough surfaces are considered. In many cases the key manifestation of the asymmetry is the development of a high–speed liquid jet that penetrates the interior of the bubble. Jetting behaviour can lead to high pressures, high strain rates (of importance to break–up of macromolecules) and toroidal bubbles, all of which can enhance mixing. In addition it may provide a mechanism for injecting the liquid into the hot bubble interior. Many practical applications such as cleaning, enhanced rates of chemical reactions, luminescence and novel metallurgical processes may be associated with this phenomenon.
The Application of Unstructured Gridding Techniques for Full Field Simulation of a Giant Carbonate Reservoir Developed With Long Horizontal Wells (2007)

This paper presents a case history on reservoir simulation<br>modelling of a giant, complex, low permeability, carbonate<br>reservoir which has been completed with many long<br>horizontal wells. The lateral magnitude of the Al Shaheen<br>field in Qatar and the multiple radial layout of the 75 very<br>long horizontal wells in the field posed a challenge in<br>modelling of individual well performance using a manageable<br>grid size with an acceptable run time for history matching. The<br>gridding dilemma was solved by use of 2.5-D PEBI grids<br>around each individual wellbore. This allowed for sufficient<br>resolution between wells and also aligned the grid with the<br>well paths thereby avoiding grid non-orthogonality issues.
Characterization of Corrosion Attack of Superalloys in Combustion Turbines in the Temperature Range 600-760� (1110-1400�F) (1980)

A form of hot corrosion attack on .superaZZoys in combustion turbines at surface temperatures in the range 600-76O'C is characterized by a s&fide-rich inner scale in contact with the alloy that has no depleted region.
Millimeter wave tripler evaluation of a metal/2-DEG Schottky diode varactor (1995)

A new Schottky diode, based on a contact at the edge of a 2-dimensional electron gas (2-DEG) is investigated for use as a multiplier element in the millimeter and submillimeter wavelength regions. As a negative voltage is applied to the Schottky contact, the depletion layer between the Schottky contact and the 2-DEG expands and the junction capacitance decreases, resulting in a non-linear reactance. Device results are presented which demonstrate low series resistance, large capacitance modulation, and significantly higher tripler efficiency (75-225 GHz) than previously reported multiplier results of this type of structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Development of a Benchtop Breast Reconstruction Surgical Simulator (2018)

A modified Delphi technique was used to survey plastics surgeons with an expertise in breast reconstruction from 6 university centers with plastic surgery residency programs across Canada. A list of the most challenging steps in teaching alloplastic breast reconstruction was obtained. From the survey results, a benchtop post-mastectomy breast reconstruction simulator was created using various silicon materials. The simulator was designed to be completely reusable with no disposable components necessary for each use. Senior plastic surgeons (n= 6) with an expertise in breast reconstruction were recruited and asked to perform a sub-pectoral, implant-based breast reconstruction on the simulator. Following the procedure, participants were asked to complete a survey and grade the simulator on its physical attributes, realism of experience, realism of material and overall experience.Preliminary face and content validation results based on the evaluations performed by those expert plastic surgeons showed excellent results among parameters evaluated, with an overall mean score of 4.7 on 5 (94.0%). Evaluators considered the six relevant anatomical components that were successfully included in the simulator.
Azithromycin Improves Macrophage Phagocytic Function and Expression of Mannose Receptor in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2008)

Our findings indicate a novel approach to supplement existing therapies in COPD.
Bulk Al Materials from Back Pressure Equal Channel Angular Consolidation of Mechanically Milled Particles (2008)

Mechanically milled pure aluminium powders were fabricated into bulk materials using back pressure equal channel angular consolidation (BP-ECAC) for four or eight passes at 373K. The bulk materials consolidated from 0 h and 4 h mechanically milled powders were characterised by Vickers hardness tests and density measurements. Thermal stability of the consolidated bulk materials was evaluated by isothermal heat treatments at 673K. The as-consolidated bulk material from the 0 h milled (i.e. unmilled) powder showed nearly full density. However, full density was not obtained with the 4 h milled powder even after eight passes. The HV values for the as-consolidated materials fabricated from the 0 h and 4 h milled powders after four passes and from the 4 h milled powder after eight passes were 57, 121 and 136, respectively. Softening was observed in the bulk material consolidated from the 0 h milled powder during the isothermal heat treatment. However, the hardness of the bulk materials consolidated from the 4 h milled powders after four and eight passes increased to maximum values of 137 and 141 after heat treatment for 28 h and 8 h at 673K, respectively. The maximum hardness was maintained for up to 100 h at 673K in both materials. The hardening and thermal stability in the bulk materials from the milled powders are attributable to dispersion strengthening of Al4C3 particles formed by solid-state reaction during the isothermal heat treatment.
<title>Multiview: a novel multispectral IR imaging camera</title> (1997)

The Surveillance Sciences Directorate of the Northrop Grumman Advanced Systems and Technology organization is developing a novel Multispectral IR camera known as Multiview. This prototype system is capable of simultaneously acquiring 4-color SWIR/MWIR 2D imagery that is both spatially and temporally registered utilizing a single 256<SUP>2</SUP> HgCdTe snapshot IR FPA capable of frame rates in excess of 240 Hz. The patented design offers an extremely compact package that contains the entire optomechanical assembly (lenses, interchangeable filters, and cold shield) in less than a 3 in<SUP>3</SUP> volume. The unique imagery collected with this camera has the potential to significantly improve the effectiveness of clutter suppression algorithms, multi-color target detection and target-background discrimination for a wide variety of mission scenarios. This paper describes the key aspects of the Multiview prototype camera design and operation. Multiview's ability to dynamically manage flux imbalances between the four subbands is discussed. Radiometric performance predictions are presented along with laboratory validation of many of these performance metrics. Several examples of field collected imagery is shown including examples of transient rocket plume data measured at 240 Hz sample rate. The importance and utility of spatio-temporal multi-band imagery is also discussed.