gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Langmuir–Blodgett films of micron-sized organic and inorganic colloids (2007)

Multilayered films starting with silica or polymer particles in the micron-size range have been prepared using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. The polymer particles made of highly cross-linked cores and hydrophilic shells were elaborated through a precipitation polymerization method that allows formation of particles with a low polydispersity. The influence of the surface function, the differences between organic and inorganic systems, and the characterization of these materials by means of reflectance infrared spectroscopy are also discussed.
Direct Inhibitory Effect of Rotavirus NSP4(114-135) Peptide on the Na <sup>+</sup> - <scp>d</scp> -Glucose Symporter of Rabbit Intestinal Brush Border Membrane (2000)

The direct effect of a rotavirus nonstructural glycoprotein, NSP4, and certain related peptides on the sodium-coupled transport of D-glucose and of L-leucine was studied by using intestinal brush border membrane vesicles isolated from young rabbits. Kinetic analyses revealed that the NSP4(114-135) peptide, which causes diarrhea in young rodents, is a specific, fully noncompetitive inhibitor of the Na(+)-D-glucose symporter (SGLT1). This interaction involves three peptide-binding sites per carrier unit. In contrast, the Norwalk virus NV(464-483) and mNSP4(131K) peptides, neither of which causes diarrhea, both behave inertly. The NSP4(114-135) and NV(464-483) peptides inhibited Na(+)-L-leucine symport about equally and partially via a different transport mechanism, in that Na(+) behaves as a nonobligatory activator. The selective and strong inhibition caused by the NSP4(114-135) peptide on SGLT1 in vitro suggests that during rotavirus infection in vivo, NSP4 can be one effector directly causing SGLT1 inhibition. This effect, implying a concomitant inhibition of water reabsorption, is postulated to play a mechanistic role in the pathogenesis of rotavirus diarrhea.
HORMONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF OESTRADIOL-INDUCED INHIBITION OF UTERINE SENSITIVITY IN THE OVARIECTOMIZED RAT (1970)

SUMMARY Ovariectomized rats treated with 2·5 or 5·0 mg. progesterone daily received a single subcutaneous injection of 0·2 μg. oestradiol on the third day of the progesterone treatment. The deciduomal response to trauma by endometrial scratching was used to determine the degree of uterine sensitivity at various times after oestradiol. Uterine sensitivity was partially and then completely lost 36 and 48 hr. after oestradiol administration. The inhibition of uterine sensitivity persisted until 9 and 11 days after oestradiol when the animals received 2·5 and 5·0 mg. progesterone daily. Uterine sensitivity was completely inhibited on day 11 with doses of oestradiol from 0·2 to 0·05 μg. Withdrawal of progesterone treatment for 48 or 72 hr., but not for 24 hr., after oestradiol treatment restored uterine sensitivity. These results show that the oestradiol-induced inhibition of uterine sensitivity in the progestational endometrium is maintained by continuous progesterone treatment and that the duration of this effect is dependent on the dose of progesterone given.
Field Verification of Test-Mate ChE (2003)

The objective was to evaluate the ability of the Test-mate ChE to determine acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity under field conditions. To mimic nerve agent exposure, the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense spiked blood samples with variable amounts of soman. Blinded to the identity of the samples, the 520th Theater Army Medical Laboratory tested the samples during a field training exercise inside their environmentally controlled mobile facility. The technicians repeated measurements for 6 consecutive days, and on 1 of the days repeated the measurements six times. The technicians accurately identified all of the samples and quantified the AChE activity. The major trend was that the Test-mate ChE is more precise and reproducible for smaller doses of soman. The results were reliable over all temperatures during the field exercise. In conclusion, the Test-mate ChE is a reliable field instrument to determine blood AChE activity.
Formation of step structures by As deposition on a double-domain Si(001) substrate (1995)

We report the rich variation in the evolution of step structures of vicinal Si(001) upon As deposition, studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Clean 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} vicinal Si(001) exhibits a typical double-domain surface that consists of single-monolayer-height steps called ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{A}}$ and ${\mathit{S}}_{\mathit{B}}$. On the other hand, As-deposited surfaces show drastic changes in the step structures depending on the substrate temperature during the deposition and the As coverage: At relatively low temperatures (500 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), the surface becomes nearly a single domain by the deposition of a half monolayer and two-dimensional islands appear after more As is deposited. At medium temperatures (600 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), however, one-monolayer As deposition makes the surface nearly a single domain, consisting of double-monolayer-height steps called ${\mathit{D}}_{\mathit{B}}$. At high temperatures (700 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C), a double-domain surface is formed containing triple-monolayer-height steps where the dimer rows in the upper terrace are perpendicular to the step edge. These various surface step structures are explained by kinetic effects of atomic movement during deposition and desorption and by the energetically stable shapes of Si(100)-As in equilibrium.
Soil Environmental Modifications of Root Dynamics and Measurement (1993)

Beneficial microbes in the microbiome of plant roots improve plant health. Induced systemic resistance (ISR) emerged as an important mechanism by which selected plant growth–promoting bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere prime the whole plant body for ...Read More
Routing on longest-matching prefixes (1996)

This article describes the dynamic prefix tries, a novel data structure with algorithms for insertion, deletion, and retrieval to build and maintain a dynamic database of binary keys of arbitrary length. These tries extend the concepts of compact digital (Patricia) tries to support the storage of prefixes and to guarantee retrieval times at most linear in the length of the input key irrespective of the trie size, even when searching for longest-matching prefixes. The new design permits very efficient, simple and nonrecursive implementations of small code size and minimal storage requirements. Insert and delete operations have strictly local effects, and their particular sequence is irrelevant for the structure of the resulting trie, thus maintaining at all times the desired storage and computational efficiency. The algorithms have bees successfully employed in experimental communication systems and products for a variety of networking functions such as address resolution, maintenance and verification of access control lists, and high-performance routing tables in operating system kernels.
Bnip3 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death through Bax and Bak (2007)

Bnip3 is a pro-apoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family that is down-regulated in pancreatic cancers, which correlates with resistance to chemotherapy and a worsened prognosis. In contrast, Bnip3 is up-regulated in heart failure and contributes to loss of myocardial cells during I/R (ischaemia/reperfusion). Bnip3 exerts its action at the mitochondria, but the mechanism by which Bnip3 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction is not clear. In the present study, we have identified Bax and Bak as downstream effectors of Bnip3-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction. Bnip3 plays a role in hypoxia-mediated cell death, but MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) derived from mice deficient in Bax and Bak were completely resistant to hypoxia even with substantial up-regulation of Bnip3. These cells were also resistant to Bnip3 overexpression, but re-expression of Bax or Bak restored susceptibility to Bnip3, suggesting that Bnip3 can act via either Bax or Bak. In contrast, Bnip3 overexpression in wild-type MEFs induced mitochondrial dysfunction with loss of membrane potential and release of cytochrome c. Cell death by Bnip3 was reduced in the presence of mPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) inhibitors, but did not prevent Bnip3-mediated activation of Bax or Bak. Moreover, overexpression of Bnip3DeltaTM, a dominant-negative form of Bnip3, reduced translocation of GFP (green fluorescent protein)-Bax to mitochondria during sI/R (simulated I/R) in HL-1 myocytes. Similarly, down-regulation of Bnip3 using RNA interference decreased activation of Bax in response to sI/R in HL-1 myocytes. These results suggest that Bnip3 mediates mitochondrial dysfunction through activation of Bax or Bak which is independent of mPTP opening.
Synthesis of Hollow Responsive Functional Nanocages Using a Metal–Ligand Complexation Strategy (2008)

A metal–ligand complexation strategy using ruthenium−terpyridine interactions was utilized for the facile synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers which were self-assembled into spherical micelles and stabilized throughout their shell to afford well-defined nanoparticles. The labile metal–ligand bond at the nanoparticle core–shell interface was then readily broken to enable excavation to afford hollow completely hydrophilic nanocages which can no longer sequester hydrophobic small molecules. These nanocages also demonstrated pH responsiveness and could be further functionalized by the reintroduction of metals.
Genetics of Resistance to <i>Phytophthora capsici</i> in the Pepper Line ‘SCM‐334’ (1991)

Abstract In order to establish a genetic model of the resistance to Phytophthora capsici in Capsicum annuum genotype ‘SCM‐334’, two experiments were conducted which included ‘SCM‐334’, as well as, the susceptible line ‘Morrón INIA 224’ and their Fl, F2, F3 and BC1 generations. We also tried to introgress a recessive gene, hypothetically responsible for resistance to P. capsici , from ‘SCM‐334’ into ‘Morrón INIA 224’. Inoculations were made, when plants had 4—6 leaves, by irrigating the culture substrate with a zoospore suspension of P. capsici isolate ‘Bl’. The χ 2 test was applied to segregating generations to determine how many genes were involved in resistance. The hypothesis which explained the obtained segregations best, although not completely, was one that assumes 3 genes in ‘SCM‐334’;, with at least 3 alleles in the heterozygous condition or 4 at any position, present in any genotype in order to be resistant. The influence of the isolate's aggressiveness and the inoculation method on the results are discussed.
Electric Resistivity and Cyclic Deformation of Liquid-Quenched Fe-Based and Co-Based Amorphous Alloys (1980)

The temperature dependence of electric resistivity was measured from 4.2 K to 1000 K with Fe-B-Si amorphous ribbons liquid-quenched at different rotation speeds of twinned rollers. Among these ribbons, a difference was found in their electric resistivity and also in their annealing behavior, depending on the quenching conditions. It was also found that the electric resistivity was increased due to the cyclic deformation of liquid-quenched Co-B-Si amorphous ribbons. The differences in the thermal and mechanical stability of these are attributable to the difference in atomic structure suggesting that the atomic arrangements of so-called amorphous alloys are varied.
Construire sans détruire : démarches pour la construction d'un habitat durable (2014)

La finalite de ce memoire est de faciliter la production d’habitats durables. Il tente de clarifier le concept de durabilite, et elaborer un outil pour analyser et adapter l’habitat a cette notion de durabilite. Le but final est de presenter les fondements de la durabilite et repertorier les idees a suivre pour une transition efficace sur tous les continents. Plusieurs exemples sont traites : l'oasis de M'Hamid au Maroc, le village de Donaye et l'habitat de Joal-Fadiouth au Senegal,la durabilite d'El Rincon de Ademuz et la construction de la casita dans la Sierra de San Vicente en Espagne.
Selective Culture of Mesodermal Progenitor Cells (2009)

We have recently identified mesodermal progenitor cells (MPCs) isolated from adult human bone marrow. These cells show unusual phenotypes, having putative embryonic markers and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity. Interestingly, these resting cells, which have been selected by culturing them in the presence of adult human serum, can easily be induced to differentiate into mature mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) after substituting the adult human serum for fetal bovine serum (FBS) or human cord serum. MPC-derived MSCs are, in turn, able to differentiate toward osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Furthermore, MPCs are able to differentiate into endothelial cells. MPCs have been proven to be strongly adherent to plastic culture bottles and to be trypsin-resistant. In the present article, we show a simple and inexpensive method to isolate highly selected mesodermal progenitors from bone marrow or cord blood. The optimization of standard culture conditions (using commercial human AB sera and appropriate concentrations for cell seeding in plastics) allows a pure population of MPCs to be obtained even after a short culture period. We believe that this simple, repeatable, and standardized method will facilitate studies on MPCs.
Metabolic changes during ischaemia and their role in contractile failure in isolated ferret hearts. (1992)

1. The effects of global ischaemia on phosphorus metabolites, intracellular pH (pHi) and developed pressure were measured in isolated whole ferret hearts using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. 2. Brief (10 min) periods of global ischaemia reduced left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) to undetectable levels. This fall in LVDP was accompanied by a fall in the intracellular concentration of phosphocreatine (PCr) and increases in the concentrations of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphomonoesters. There was no change in the intracellular ATP concentration ([ATP]i). pHi fell approximately linearly at a rate of 0.04 pH units min-1. 3. When ferret hearts were exposed to cyanide (CN-) in the presence of alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamate (CHC), a blocker of lactate efflux, the changes in pHi and [Pi]i which occurred were similar to those observed during global ischaemia. However, developed pressure only fell to around 15% of the control value. 4. Removing the intracellular acidosis (by reducing the CO2 level of the gas with which the perfusate was equilibrated) during exposure to CN- and CHC caused an increase in developed pressure, consistent with the fall in pHi being responsible for a substantial fraction of the fall in developed pressure. 5. Taken together, these results suggest that most, but not all, of the fall in developed pressure during ischaemia can be explained by the effects of the changes in pHi and [Pi]i on the contractile apparatus. 6. Action potential recordings made with a suction electrode during short periods of global ischaemia showed that there was no decrease in action potential duration over the period when developed pressure was falling, eliminating action potential shortening as a possible cause of the fall in developed pressure. 7. In hearts in which the rate of glycolysis had been reduced by glycogen depletion, global ischaemia led to a marked shortening of the action potential. NMR experiments showed that under these conditions [ATP]i decreased by around 50% over the first 10 jin of ischaemia, while the intracellular acidosis which occurred was smaller than that in a control ischaemic period. 8. The time course of the decline of [ATP]i was examined in several hearts during long (45 min and over) ischaemic periods without prior glycogen depletion. After 45 min of ischaemia [ATP]i fell to around two-thirds of the control value, while pHi declined to approximately 6.1. Resting pressure did not increase. On reperfusion pHi recovered rapidly to control levels. [ATP]i, however, did not recover. 9. If ischaemia was prolonged further, [ATP]i eventually became undetectable after 70-90 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
[Cloning of the SV40 virus genome simultaneously with yeast vector YEp 13]. (1983)

Recombinant plasmides were constructed, which contained all the genome of virus SV 40 and were able to replicate in bacterial and yeast cells. The plasmides were dissimilar in the orientation of the virus SV 40 genome towards the vector YEp 13. Reversed correlation was found between molecular weight and the transformating activity of plasmides for yeast cells.
A Chiral Route to Negative Refraction (2004)

Negative refraction is currently achieved by driving the magnetic permeability and electrical permittivity simultaneously negative, thus requiring two separate resonances in the refracting material. The introduction of a single chiral resonance leads to negative refraction of one polarization, resulting in improved and simplified designs of negatively refracting materials and opening previously unknown avenues of investigation in this fast-growing subject.
DNA diversity among clinical isolates of<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>detected by PCR-based RAPD fingerprinting (1992)

The RAPD (or AP-PCR) DNA fingerprinting method was used to distinguish among clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium whose long term carriage is associated with gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric carcinomas. This method uses arbitrarily chosen oligonucleotides to prime DNA synthesis from genomic sites to which they are fortuitously matched, or almost matched. Most 10-nt primers with > or = 60% G + C yielded strain-specific arrays of up to 15 prominent fragments, as did most longer (> or = 17-nt) primers, whereas most 10-nt primers with 50% G+C did not. Each of 64 independent H. pylori isolates, 60 of which were from patients in the same hospital, was distinguishable with a single RAPD primer, which suggests a high level of DNA sequence diversity within this species. In contrast, isolates from initial and followup biopsies were indistinguishable in each of three cases tested.
Development impact evaluation initiative : the effects of conditional cash transfers on the prevention of STIs in Tanzania (2013)

Using behavior change to tackle human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the developing world is not easy. For years, the global community has zeroed in on behavior change as a key to fighting the global HIV epidemic. But so far, the approach has brought only limited success in reducing HIV infections in developing countries. The frustrations are especially evident in sub-Saharan Africa, which has two-thirds of the worlds HIV infections. Women and girls, in particular, are at greater risk, partly because of the biological, social and economic challenges they face. A large randomized trial involving cash incentives is showing promise in reducing sexually-transmitted infections (STI) in Tanzania. The trial is modeled on conditional cash transfer programs, which use cash payments to encourage good behaviors, such as attending schools or getting basic health care. Conditional cash transfer programs complement current programs on behavior change. These programs can be introduced at a low marginal cost.
Real-Time Shading Algorithms (2012)

A detailed introduction to recent real-time shading techniques and languages for advanced graphics accelerators. This second edition will include new algorithms and actual shading code.
Convenient synthesis of novel 5‐substituted 3‐methylisoxazole‐4‐sulfonamides (2006)

Abstract magnified image A number of novel sulfonamide derivatives of 5‐substituted‐3‐methylisoxazole were synthesized and characterized, starting from 3,5‐dimethylisoxazole. Key steps include the generation of 3,5‐dimethylisoxazole‐4‐sulfonamides followed by their reactions with N ‐(dimethoxymethyl)‐ N,N ‐dimethylamine or various aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes. As a result, a series of novel aryl/heteroaryl‐ and aminovinylsubstituted derivatives of the isoxazole heterocycle were obtained. The scope and limitations of the developed approach are discussed.
B-Repair: Repairing B-Models Using Machine Learning (2018)

The B-method provides facilities for the design, development and automated verification of software systems, but the repair of faulty abstract machines of B is still a manual task. This paper proposes B-repair, a method that supports the computer-assisted repair of faulty abstract machines. Based on model checking, the B-repair system can generate possible repairs, evaluate the repairs and apply the repairs to faulty B machines. The generation of repairs is based on two formal templates, namely isolation and revision. Moreover, the evaluation of repairs is based on machine learning techniques, such as logistic models, residual neural networks and random forests. The machine learning models learn from the state graph of the original abstract machine, which are used to estimate the quality of repairs. Users are able to select satisfactory repairs and apply the selected repairs to the original machine. Using such a computer-assisted methodology, the B-repair method improves the efficiency of software development using the B-method. The B-repair method has been validated using different real-world models, and the validation result has shown that B-repair can suggest a number of repairs with realistic meanings.
An investigation of hot pressing of Ag-clad Bi(2223) superconducting tapes (1996)

The effects of hot pressing (HP) on the critical current density of Ag-clad Bi(2223) superconducting tapes were investigated in detail. Results show that temperature, percentage reduction and reduction rate have a crucial influence on . At 77 K and 0 T, the best value of has been measured on the tapes with a percentage reduction of 20% after HP under a pressure of 200 MPa at C.
Preparation and preliminary bioevaluation of a <sup>99m</sup>Tc(CO)<sub>3</sub>‐glucose derivative prepared by a click chemistry route (2012)

Development of a 99m Tc‐labelled glucose derivative as a single‐photon emission computed tomography analogue to [ 18 F]‐2‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG) is considered of great interest. Herein, we present the synthesis and preliminary bioevaluation of a 99m Tc(CO) 3 ‐glucose derivative. Derivatization of glucose at C2 was achieved using the so‐called ‘click chemistry’, forming a histidine‐like, 1,4‐disubstituted triazole adequate as donor atom system for Tc(I)‐tricarbonyl complexes. Synthesis of the intermediate azide derivative was achieved by conventional organic chemistry. Because of the efficiency and selectivity of this cycloaddition, labelling was performed in ‘one pot’, adding the tricarbonyl precursor fac ‐[ 99m Tc(CO) 3 (H 2 O) 3 ] + to the same vial where the click reaction has taken place without any further purification. A single product with radiochemical purity higher than 90% was obtained. It was stable for at least 4 h in reaction milieu and exhibited high hidrophilicity (log P of −1.2) and low binding to plasma proteins (5 ± 1%). Biodistribution in C57BL/6 mice bearing induced Lewis murine lung carcinoma is characterized by low blood and liver uptake and rapid urinary excretion. 99m Tc complex showed moderate tumour uptake but significant retention until 2 h post‐injection. Soft tissue clearance was fast leading to significantly higher uptake in tumour in comparison to muscle ( p = 0.05) at all time points. Overall, biodistribution of our compound was very similar to that of [ 18 F]‐FDG. However, tumour uptake was significantly higher for [ 18 F]‐FDG, probably because of high hidrophilicity of our derivative that may hinder cell penetration. Similarity to biodistribution of FDG is a promising outcome, and modifications of the chelator and linker might improve biological results. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.