gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Quantification of SSVEP Frequency Responses in Human EEG in Realistic BCI Conditions (2013)

This article concerns one of the most important problems of brain-computer interfaces (BCI) based on Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP), that is the selection of the a-priori most suitable frequencies for stimulation. Previous works related to this problem were done either with measuring systems that have little in common with actual BCI systems (e.g., single flashing LED) or were presented on a small number of subjects, or the tested frequency range did not cover a broad spectrum. Their results indicate a strong SSVEP response around 10 Hz, in the range 13-25 Hz, and at high frequencies in the band of 40-60 Hz. In the case of BCI interfaces, stimulation with frequencies from various ranges are used. The frequencies are often adapted for each user separately. The selection of these frequencies, however, was not yet justified in quantitative group-level study with proper statistical account for inter-subject variability. The aim of this study is to determine the SSVEP response curve, that is, the magnitude of the evoked signal as a function of frequency. The SSVEP response was induced in conditions as close as possible to the actual BCI system, using a wide range of frequencies (5-30 Hz, in step of 1 Hz). The data were obtained for 10 subjects. SSVEP curves for individual subjects and the population curve was determined. Statistical analysis were conducted both on the level of individual subjects and for the group. The main result of the study is the identification of the optimal range of frequencies, which is 12-18 Hz, for the registration of SSVEP phenomena. The applied criterion of optimality was: to find the largest contiguous range of frequencies yielding the strong and constant-level SSVEP response.
Effects of Paper Sludge Addition on Formaldehyde Emission, and Physical and Mechanical Properties of UF-Particleboard (1994)

This research was carried out to investigate the effect of paper sludge addition on formaldehyde emission, and physical and mechanical properties of UF-particleboard. In order to investigate the effect of paper sludge addition to resin, particleboards were bonded with urea-formaldehyde resins containing 5, 10, 15% paper sludge powders of three types(A Type: -200 mesh, B Type: -100~+200 mesh. C Type: -50~+100 mesh), based on weight of resin solid. Also the effect of paper sludge addition to furnish was studied from particleboards fabricated with ratios of sludge to particle of 5:95, 10:90, 15:85 based on oven-dry weight. Tests were conducted on the manufactured particleboards to determine formaldehyde emission, bending properties, internal bond strength and thickness swelling. The obtained results were summarized as follows: The addition of paper sludge powder to resin yielded a higher pH of cured resin. Formaldehyde emission decreased with the increase of paper sludge powder addition to resin and paper sludge composition ratio to furnish. Particleboard bonded with urea-formaldehyde resin containing paper sludge powder and particleboard mixed with paper sludge have similar bending properties(MOR, MOE) and thickness swelling compared with control particleboard. Internal bond strength of particleboards treated with paper sludge were lower than that of control particleboard. The use of paper sludge as scavenger was achieved reduction of formaldehyde emission without depression of physical and mechanical properties of particleboard. Also the use of paper sludge was able to concluded that there is possibility of partial substitution of wood particle materials.
The natural history of the meniscus in anterior cruciate insufficiency. Arthroscopic analysis (1992)

We studied arthroscopically the meniscal pathology in 100 patients with functional instability of the knee from isolated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament at an average time of three years after injury. Meniscal tears were observed in 86 patients and multiple lesions of both menisci were common. An incomplete longitudinal cleavage, visible on both surfaces of the posterior horn, was seen in more than half the knees and seemed to indicate progressive meniscal deterioration. Clinical examination was unreliable and we suggest that arthroscopic assessment is necessary for accurate diagnosis and staging.
Removal of transposon target sites from the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus fp25k gene delays, but does not prevent, accumulation of the few polyhedra phenotype (2010)

Low-cost, large-scale production of the baculovirus Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) using continuous insect cell culture is seriously hindered by the accumulation of AcMNPV mutants. Specifically, few-polyhedra (FP) mutants, with a reduced yield of occluded virus (polyhedra) and decreased infectivity, usually accumulate upon passaging in cell culture. FP mutations result from transposon insertions in the baculovirus fp25k gene, leading to significantly reduced levels of FP25K protein synthesis. This study evaluated the effects of removing the transposon insertion sites from the wild-type baculovirus fp25k gene; the mutated virus was denoted Ac-FPm. Specifically, this study involved a detailed comparison of wild-type (WT) AcMNPV and Ac-FPm with regard to the proportion of cells having polyhedra, number of polyhedra per cell, the fraction of empty polyhedra, number of occlusion-derived viruses per polyhedron, number of nucleocapsids in the nuclei, FP25K protein synthesis and genetic analysis of the fp25k gene. Removal of TTAA transposon insertion sites from the fp25k gene stabilized FP25K protein synthesis and delayed the appearance of the FP phenotype from passage 5 to passage 10. Electron micrographs revealed that more virus particles were found inside the nuclei of cells infected with Ac-FPm than in the nuclei of cells infected with WT AcMNPV (at passage 10). Abnormalities, however, were observed in envelopment of nucleocapsids and virus particle occlusion within Ac-FPm polyhedra. Thus, the FP phenotype appeared in spite of continued FP25K protein synthesis, suggesting that mechanisms other than fp25k gene disruption can lead to the FP phenotype.
Synthesis of Cu<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>OH Hierarchical Superstructures with Photocatalytic Activity in Visible Light (2008)

Abstract Using a wet‐chemical method and without any surfactants or templates, various 3D hierarchical superstructures of Cu 2 PO 4 OH were synthesized by simply adjusting the pH. The resulting hierarchical superstructures were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), high resolution‐TEM (HRTEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and UV–Vis spectroscopy. With an increase in pH from 2.5 to 7.0, the morphology of Cu 2 PO 4 OH varied from microrods to walnut‐shaped microspheres of self‐assembled nanoparticles. A possible mechanism for the formation of the Cu 2 PO 4 OH hierarchical superstructures was also proposed. The optical properties of the Cu 2 PO 4 OH hierarchical superstructures were strongly related to their morphologies and the size of the assembled crystallites. We further demonstrated the useful photocatalytic activity of these complex structures in the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under visible light irradiation ( λ > 410 nm). The best photocatalytic performance was achieved by Cu 2 PO 4 OH with a walnut‐shaped morphology due to the excellent absorption of visible light as well as a high BET surface area.
Endothelial α<sub>1</sub>‐adrenoceptors regulate neo‐angiogenesis (2007)

Our findings support the hypothesis that the alpha(1)-adrenoceptors in endothelial cells provide a negative regulation of angiogenesis.
Centaur: NASA's Mobile Humanoid Designed for Field Work (2007)

NASA's future lunar and martian missions will require a suite of advanced robotic systems to complete tasks during precursor visits and to assist humans while present on the surface. The Centaur is a new mobile, dexterous manipulation system designed with this future role in mind. Centaur combines the sophisticated upper body dexterity of NASA's humanoid, Robonaut, with a rugged and versatile four-wheeled base. This combination allows for robotic use of human tools and interfaces in remote locations by incorporating design improvements to the existing Robonaut that target the challenges of planetary field work: rough terrain, a varied environment (temperature, dust, wind, etc.), and distance from human operators. An overview of Centaur's design is presented focusing on the features that serve to mitigate the above risks and allow the robot to perform human-like tasks in unstructured environments. The success of this design is also demonstrated by the results of a recent coordinated field demonstration in which Centaur, under both teleoperated and autonomous control, cooperated with other NASA robots.
Robust Analog Canceller for High-Dynamic-Range Radio Frequency Measurement (2012)

An automated analog canceller is presented that uses feedforward cancellation in a bridge configuration. A minimum of 70 dB of analog cancellation is obtained. The canceller is used to construct an intermodulation distortion measurement system achieving up to 120 dBc of intermodulation dynamic range in two-port transmission testing and 140 dBc of intermodulation dynamic range in one-port reflection testing for frequency separations of at least 1 kHz. At a two-tone frequency separation of 1 Hz, the respective dynamic ranges are at least 94 and 111 dBc. The relationship of cancellation performance and dynamic range is examined in terms of application-specific definitions of dynamic range. The system is then used to measure passive intermodulation distortion using a two-tone test with a tone frequency separation from 1 Hz to 100 MHz.
Determination of the interdiffusion of Al and Ga in undoped (Al,Ga)As/GaAs quantum wells (1986)

We have employed photoluminescence spectroscopy to determine the temperature dependence of the interdiffusion coefficient of Al and Ga in GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As quantum wells. The position of the photoluminescence peaks, due to the n=1 electron to heavy-hole transition, was measured before and after annealing the samples. A variational calculation was employed to determine the expected position of these photoluminescence peaks and from this a value of the interdiffusion coefficient was extracted. The interdiffusion process is characterized by an activation energy of about 6 eV leading to an interdiffusion coefficient at 850 °C of 4×10−19 cm2/s. This technique allows for the measurement of small diffusion coefficients in a wide variety of material systems.
Resident aerobic microbiota of the adult human nasal cavity (2000)

Recent evidence strongly suggests that the microbiota of the nasal cavity plays a crucial role in determining the reaction patterns of the mucosal and systemic immune system. However, little is known about the normal microbiota of the nasal cavity. The purpose of this study was to determine the microbiota in different parts of the nasal cavity and to develop and evaluate methods for this purpose. Samples were collected from 10 healthy adults by nasal washes and by swabbing of the mucosa through a sterile introduction device. Both methods gave results that were quantitatively and qualitatively reproducible, and revealed significant differences in the density of the nasal microbiota between individuals. The study revealed absence of gram-negative bacteria that are regular members of the commensal microbiota of the pharynx. Likewise, viridans type streptococci were sparsely represented. The nasal microbiota was dominated by species of the genera Corynebacterium, Aureobacterium, Rhodococcus, and Staphylococcus, including S. epidermis, S. capitis, S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis and S. warneri. These studies show that the microbiota of the nasal cavity of adults is strikingly different from that of the pharynx, and that the nasal cavity is a primary habitat for several species of diphtheroids recognized as opportunistic pathogens. Under special circumstances, single species, including IgA1 protease-producing bacteria, may become predominant in a restricted area of the nasal mucosa.
Matrix profile IV (2017)

In academic settings over the last decade, there has been significant progress in time series classification. However, much of this work makes assumptions that are simply unrealistic for deployed industrial applications. Examples of these unrealistic assumptions include the following: assuming that data subsequences have a single fixed-length, are precisely extracted from the data, and are correctly labeled according to their membership in a set of equal-size classes. In real-world industrial settings, these patterns can be of different lengths, the class annotations may only belong to a general region of the data, may contain errors, and finally, the class distribution is typically highly skewed. Can we learn from such weakly labeled data? In this work, we introduce SDTS, a scalable algorithm that can learn in such challenging settings. We demonstrate the utility of our ideas by learning from diverse datasets with millions of datapoints. As we shall demonstrate, our domain-agnostic parameter-free algorithm can be competitive with domain-specific algorithms used in neuroscience and entomology, even when those algorithms have been tuned by domain experts to incorporate domain knowledge.
Effects of some processing factors on the characteristics of stored groundnut milk extract (2013)

  The purpose of this work was to investigate the influence of processing variables on some properties of stored groundnut milk extracts (GME). GMEs were prepared from fresh, roasted (170 °C, 25 min) and steeped (water, 20 min) groundnuts. The groundnuts were milled, sieved, the slurry boiled, homogenized, pasteurized and stored. The GMEs packaged in glass bottles, plastic bottles and low density polyethylene sachets, were stored in the refrigerator for 28 days and at room temperature for three days and tested for proximate composition, physico-chemical and sensory properties. The protein contents of the GME varied between 2.05 to 2.33%; fat, 2.40 to  3.48%; carbohydrate, 5.50 to 5.60%; viscosity, 7.33 and 7.56 cP; titratable acidity, 0.10 to 0.14% and pH, 6.82 to 6.85. The protein and fat contents of GMEs decreased with storage time regardless of the packaging materials and processing pretreatment.  The GMEs were not different in terms of taste and mouth feel but recorded significant differences in colour, appearance and flavour.   Key words: Dehulling, roasting, homogenization, groundnut milk, physico-chemical, proximate composition, viscosity, titratable acidity, specific gravity, packaging.
AID/APOBEC cytosine deaminase induces genome-wide kataegis (2012)

This article was reviewed by: Professor Sandor Pongor, Professor Shamil R. Sunyaev, and Dr Vladimir Kuznetsov.
Therapeutic uses of exosomes (2013)

Exosomes are membrane vesicles with a diameter of 40–100 nm that are secreted by many cell types into the extracellular milieu. Exosomes are found in cell culture supernatants and in different biological fluids and are known to be secreted by most cell types under normal and pathological conditions. Considerable research is focusing on the exploitation of exosomes in biological fluids for biomarkers in the diagnosis of disease. More recently, exosomes are being exploited for their therapeutic potential. Exosomes derived from dendritic cells, tumor cells, and malignant effusions demonstrate immunomodulatory functions and are able to present antigens to T-cells and stimulate antigen-specific T-cell responses. Exosomes have also been examined for their therapeutic potential in the treatment of infections such as toxoplasmosis, diphtheria, tuberculosis and atypical severe acute respiratory syndrome as well as autoimmune diseases. Attempts to find practical applications for exosomes continue to expand with the role of exosomes as a drug delivery system for the treatment of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases and cancers.
Migration of coordinated cell clusters in mesenchymal and epithelial cancer explants in vitro. (1995)

The invasion and migration occurring in primary neoplastic tissue explants were studied by using a three-dimensional collagen matrix model, subsequent time-lapse videomicroscopy, and computer-assisted cell tracking. We show that not only single cells but groups of clustered cells comprising 5 to more than 100 cells detach from the primary tumor lesion and migrate within the adjacent extracellular matrix. These clusters were highly polarized, resulting in a high directional persistence of migration. Locomoting cell clusters were observed in primary cultures from invasive oral squamous cell carcinomas (6 of 9), ductal breast carcinomas (2 of 3), and rhabdomyosarcoma (1 of 1), whereas normal oral mucosa (0 of 4) was cell cluster negative. Thus, locomoting cell clusters could be a novel and potentially important mechanism of cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
SOI grating structure for perfectly vertical fiber coupling (2007)

Abstract: We present the design of a grating coupler structure allowing efficient coupling to a perfectly vertically positioned single mode fiber. This design no longer implies tilting of the fiber to avoid a large second order reflection, reducing the cost of packag-ing. By incorporating a slight asymmetry in the grat-ing structure design, a grating fiber coupling effi-ciency of 50 % to single mode fiber and 65 % to high numerical aperture fiber can be obtained, with a 3dB bandwidth of 55nm. Constraints in the design are related to the manufacturability using 248nm deep UV lithography. The fabrication tolerance of the de-vice is assessed, which is compatible with the state-of-the-art Silicon processing techniques.
An increase in hyaluronan by lung fibroblasts: A biomarker for intensity and activity of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis? (1999)

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the roles of hyaluronan (HA) production of lung fibroblasts in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Quantitative and comparative assessments of the HA levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung fibroblast-conditioned media (F-CM) were made at various stages during the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. In bleomycin-treated animals, the HA levels in F-CM increased significantly (P < 0.01) on day 1 after bleomycin treatment, peaked on day 3, and then gradually declined and returned to control values on days 14-28. The HA concentrations of BALF in the bleomycin group were significantly increased (P < 0.01) on day 3, were maximal on day 7, and thereafter gradually decreased, remaining significantly above normal values (P < 0.01) on day 14, but returning to control values by day 28. In the bleomycin group, the HA levels both in BALF and in F-CM were significantly correlated with the cell components in BALF and there was a significant correlation between the HA concentration in BALF and in the F-CM. Lung fibroblasts were activated and produced increased HA which resulted in excessive accumulation of HA in the lung in the early stage of pulmonary fibrosis; the increased HA synthesis of lung fibroblasts and enhanced HA concentrations of BALF might reflect the intensity of alveolitis and the disease activity.
Molecular imaging perspectives (2005)

Molecular imaging is an emerging technology at the life science/physical science interface which is set to revolutionize our understanding and treatment of disease. The tools of molecular imaging are the imaging modalities and their corresponding contrast agents. These facilitate interaction with a biological target at a molecular level in a number of ways. The diverse nature of molecular imaging requires knowledge from both the life and physical sciences for its successful development and implementation. The aim of this review is to introduce the subject of molecular imaging from both life science and physical science perspectives. However, we will restrict our coverage to the prominent in vivo molecular imaging modalities of magnetic resonance imaging, optical imaging and nuclear imaging. The physical basis of these imaging modalities, the use of contrast agents and the imaging parameters of sensitivity, temporal resolution and spatial resolution are described. Then, the specificity of contrast agents for targeting and sensing molecular events, and some applications of molecular imaging in biology and medicine are given. Finally, the diverse nature of molecular imaging and its reliance on interdisciplinary collaboration is discussed.
Analysis of ESD protection components in 65nm CMOS technology: Scaling perspective and impact on ESD design window (2005)

A scaling analysis of fundamental ESD components (low voltage transistors, N-well diodes, interconnects and thin dielectrics) for the last three CMOS technology nodes (130 nm, 90 nm and 65 nm) targeting the same low-power applications is presented. The impact of technology scaling on the ESD design window will be discussed.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a reconstituted class I histocompatibility antigen (HLA-A2) as an allogeneic target molecule. (1990)

Recent findings suggest that peptide fragments of newly synthesized proteins may associate intracellularly with nascent chains of class I histocompatibility antigens (termed MHC-I proteins because they are encoded by genes of the major histocompatibility complex) and that these peptide adducts may be required for the folding or stability and perhaps even the transport of these proteins to the cell surface. To determine whether these proteins can be reconstituted from their separated subunits into ostensibly native molecules in the absence of added peptides, we denatured a purified human MHC-I protein (HLA-A2) with 4 M NaSCN, separated its heavy (alpha) and light (beta 2-microglobulin) chains by gel filtration, and then mixed them in the presence of a 3-fold molar excess of beta 2-microglobulin and absence of added peptides. The reconstituted protein, recovered in 10% yield, was indistinguishable from native A2 in its reactivity with a monoclonal antibody (BB7.7) and its ability to specifically activate A2-specific CD8+ T cells. Inasmuch as the reconstituted A2 contained no detectable peptide adducts (we estimate less than 1 per 100 on a molar basis, assuming peptides of 2-5 kDa), the results suggest that peptide-free A2 can be recognized by CD8+ T cells and that peptide adducts are not essential for the MHC-I protein to maintain an ostensibly native structure.
Deep Distributional Reinforcement Learning Based High-Level Driving Policy Determination (2019)

Even though some of the driver assistant systems have been commercialized to provide safety and convenience to the driver, they can be applied for autonomous driving in limited situations such as highways. In this paper, we propose a supervisor agent that can enhance the driver assistant systems by using deep distributional reinforcement learning. The supervisor agent is trained using end-to-end approach that directly maps both a camera image and LIDAR data into action plan. Because the well-trained network of deep reinforcement learning can lead to unexpected actions, collision avoidance function is added to prevent dangerous situations. In addition, the highway driving case is a stochastic environment with inherent randomness and, thus, its training is performed through the distributional reinforcement learning algorithm, which is specialized for stochastic environment. The optimal action for autonomous driving is selected through the return value distribution. Finally, the proposed algorithm is verified through a highway driving simulator, which is implemented by the Unity ML-agents.