gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting Interactive Video-on-Demand With Adaptive Multicast Streaming (2007)

Recent advances in multicast video streaming algorithms have opened up new ways to provision video-on-demand services to potentially millions of users. However, the spectacular efficiency of multicast streaming algorithms can only be realized by restricting or even prohibiting interactive playback control. Experiments reveal that the performance of current state-of-the-art multicast streaming algorithms will degrade significantly even at very low levels of interactivity (e.g., one control per five users). This study tackles this challenge by investigating the fundamental limitations of multicast streaming algorithms in supporting interactive playback control and presents a general solution-static full stream scheduling (SFSS)-which can be applied to many of the existing multicast streaming algorithms to substantially improve their performance when interactive playback control is to be supported. Moreover, to solve the problem of optimizing the algorithm for the often unknown client access patterns (e.g., arrival rates and interactivity rates), we present a novel just-in-time simulation (JTS) scheme to dynamically and automatically tune operating parameters of the SFSS algorithm while the system is online. This JTS scheme not only eliminates the need for a priori knowledge of the often unknown system parameters, but also can adapt to changes in the client access pattern over time. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed adaptive algorithm can reduce the admission and interactive control latencies by as much as 90%
Optoelectronic and all-optical multiple memory states in vanadium dioxide (2010)

Vanadium dioxide exhibits a well-known insulator-to-metal transition during which several of its physical properties change significantly. A hysteresis loop develops for each of them as the material is heated and then cooled through the transition. In this work VO2/SiO2 samples were maintained—by heat sinking—at a selected temperature within the heating branch of the hysteresis loops for resistance and near-infrared transmittance, while brief thermal excursions of the VO2 film were caused by either voltage pulses applied to the film or laser light pulses irradiating the film. These pulses had durations from milliseconds to a few seconds and the resulting drops in resistance or transmittance were easily and repeatably measurable without appreciably affecting their new values. A sequence of equal-duration pulses (for either equal-voltage or equal-irradiation pulses) caused the resistance and infrared transmittance to continue to drop, each time by a smaller amount, and larger energy pulses were required in order to cause drops comparable with the initial one. The ability of the film to change the values of the measurands in this manner with additional pulses was maintained up to a limit defined by the outer hysteresis curve for the measurand in question. The results presented show that a plurality of memory “states” in VO2 can be established or “written” either by voltage pulses or by light pulses applied to the material, and queried or “read” by resistance or transmittance readings, or both. These states were found to remain stable for at least several hours, as long as temperature was kept constant, and are expected to persist indefinitely under this condition. In the all-optical case, if the same light beam is used for writing and reading the memory state, the device is an optical analog of a memristor.
New Flux Surveillance Approach for High Rate Wells (2008)

Abstract Wells in high permeability reservoirs requiring sand control are commonly completed either with a high permeability fracture (HPF) or a high rate water pack (HRWP). These prolific reservoirs are capable of delivering high production rates, but the downhole flow velocity becomes a limiting factor. The downhole velocity is one of the most important factors in completion failure. To determine a safe producing rate for prolific wells, the current best practice is to monitor flux to avoid completion failure due to screen erosion or destabilization of the annular pack. Flux is the flow velocity at a critical location in the completion: at the screen face to avoid screen erosion, or in the annular pack to avoid pack destabilization. The commonly applied method for mathematically estimating the flux from the mechanical skin relies on a number of parameters that cannot be uniquely quantified, including the proppant permeability, the proppant turbulence factor, and the fracture skin. The calculated flux is highly sensitive to these uncertain parameters. When the flux is overestimated, the well rate will be unnecessarily restricted. Underestimation of the flux risks completion failure. Most practitioners assume values for uncertain parameters, calculate the flux, and back-calculate the number of flowing perforations. Sensitivity studies will show the potential pitfalls of this technique. Instead, this paper presents an alternative approach to determine the flux as the total flow rate divided by the flow area, which, in turn, can be related to the number of perforations effectively conducting fluid from the reservoir to the wellbore. For the HPF case, this means how many perforations connect the fracture to the wellbore, which is a function of the angle between the well trajectory and the far field plane of the hydraulic fracture. When the angle cannot be determined due to a lack of the necessary stress measurements or stress isotropy, the flux will be calculated based on the pressure drop across the perforation tunnels obtained from the mechanical skin. The method and its advantages over existing techniques will be demonstrated using field data from deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) wells.
Attenuation of Diet-Induced Weight Gain and Adiposity through Increased Energy Expenditure in Mice Lacking Angiotensin II Type 1a Receptor (2005)

Given that angiotensin II (AII) type 1 and 2 receptors (Agtr1 and Agtr2) are expressed in adipose tissue, AII may act directly on adipose tissue. However, regardless of whether AII directly modulates adipose tissue growth and metabolism in vivo and, if so, whether it is mediated via Agtr1 are still matters of debate. To understand the functional role of Agtr1 in adipose tissue growth and metabolism in vivo, we examined the metabolic phenotypes of mice lacking Agtr1a (Agtr1a-/- mice) during a high-fat diet. The Agtr1a-/- mice exhibited the attenuation of diet-induced body weight gain and adiposity, and insulin resistance relative to wild-type littermates (Agtr1a+/+ mice). They also showed increased energy expenditure accompanied by sympathetic activation, as revealed by increased rectal temperature and oxygen consumption, increased expression of uncoupling protein-1 mRNA in brown adipose tissue, and increased urinary catecholamine excretion. The heterozygous Agtr1a-deficient mice (Agtr1a+/- mice) also exhibited metabolic phenotypes similar to those of Agtr1a-/- mice. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts derived from Agtr1a+/+ and Agtr1a-/- mice, we found no significant difference between genotypes in the ability to differentiate into lipid-laden mature adipocytes. In primary cultures of mouse mature adipocytes, AII increased the expression of mRNAs for some adipocytokines, which was abolished by pharmacological blockade of Agtr1. This study demonstrates that Agtr1a-/- mice exhibit attenuation of diet-induced weight gain and adiposity through increased energy expenditure. The data also suggest that AII does not affect directly adipocyte differentiation, but can modulate adipocytokine production via Agtr1.
Thyroid Hormone Response Element Organization Dictates the Composition of Active Receptor (2007)

Thyroid hormone (triiodothyronine, T(3)) is known to activate transcription by binding heterodimers of thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). RXR-TRs bind to T(3) response elements (TREs) composed of direct repeats of the sequence AGGTCA spaced by four nucleotides (DR-4). In other TREs, however, the half-sites can be arranged as inverted palindromes and palindromes (Pal). Here we show that TR homodimers and monomers activate transcription from representative TREs with alternate half-site placements. TR beta activates transcription more efficiently than TR alpha at an inverted palindrome (F2), and this correlates with preferential TR beta homodimer formation at F2 in vitro. Furthermore, reconstruction of TR transcription complexes in yeast indicates that TR beta homodimers are active at F2, whereas RXR-TRs are active at DR-4 and Pal. Finally, analysis of TR beta mutations that block homodimer and/or heterodimer formation reveal TRE-selective requirements for these surfaces in mammalian cells, which suggest that TR beta homodimers are active at F2, RXR-TRs at DR-4, and TR monomers at Pal. TR beta requires higher levels of hormone for activation at F2 than other TREs, and this differential effect is abolished by a dimer surface mutation suggesting that it is related to composition of the TR.TRE complex. We propose that interactions of particular TR oligomers with different elements play unappreciated roles in TRE-selective actions of liganded TRs in vivo.
<i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> antiviral (RNA) evaluation of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase inhibitors and analogues including 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl)phosphate (a 5′-monophosphate prodrug) (1994)

A series of 29 pyrimidines comprising analogues of 6-azauridine (e.g. 2- and 4-thio-6-azauridine), 6-substituted uridines (including several known inhibitors of orotidine 5′-monophosphate decarboxylase, ODCase, e.g. pyrazofurin), and 6-azauridine-5′-(ethyl methoxyalaninyl) phosphate (a potential prodrug of 6-AU-5′-MP) were synthesized and evaluated in vitro and in vivo against five RNA viruses: Japanese encephalitis (JE), yellow fever (YF), sandfly fever (SF), Punta Tora (PT) and Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) viruses. 2-Thio-6-azauridine demonstrated the best In vitro activity against all five viruses. However, in vivo activity was not observed in JE-, PT- and VEE-infected mice. The phosphate prodrug of 6-azauridine was significantly more effective than the parent compound in the PT virus mouse model. Optimum in vivo dose/route/schedule was determined for pyrazofurin in PT-virus-infected mice.
Decisiones en la Gerencia de la Cadena de Suministro (2008)

Las presiones y desafios de la globalizacion han llevado a las organizaciones de hoy a ser cada vez mas competitivas si quieren sobrevivir en este ambiente. En ese afan de mejorar la competitividad, las organizaciones tratan de alinear sus objetivos e intereses con otras companias en lo que se conoce como la cadena de suministro. Esa alineacion de objetivos no es facil, surge entonces la gerencia de la cadena de suministro, que pretende la integracion de los procesos claves de las organizaciones con el fin de satisfacer a los clientes y a las diferentes firmas que componen la cadena, uno de los procesos claves que debe ser considerado es el asociado con la toma de decisiones (tanto a nivel estrategico como a nivel operativo) en las organizaciones.

En el desarrollo de este trabajo se citan varios articulos actuales y se expone el trabajo de otros autores sobre la toma de decisiones en la gerencia de la cadena de suministro, tambien se muestra un articulo que propone el tema de decisiones apoyado en la logica borrosa. Al final se deja la puerta abierta par a investigaciones posteriores que combinen los temas de decisiones en la gerencia de la cadena de suministro y la logica bor rosa.
Identification of SCN1A and PCDH19 Mutations in Chinese Children with Dravet Syndrome (2012)

A high percentage of SCN1A mutations was identified in our Chinese cohort of Dravet syndrome patients but none in the rest of patients. We demonstrated that truncating/splice site mutations were linked to moderate to severe intellectual disability in these patients. A de novo PCDH19 missense mutation together with an inherited TSPYL4 missense variant were identified in a patient with Dravet syndrome.
Buried-Heterostructure Q-Switched Diode Lasers (1984)

Q-switched diode lasers are of interest as a source in optical communication systems and in very high speed optical interconnects between digital circuits and systems. Buried-heterostructure Q-switched diode lasers have been made with thresholds as low as 15 mA. The lasers operate continuously at room temperature. Modulation has been observed at rates up to 7 GHz. Evidence of several modes of Q-switching has been obtained including a new mode of operation which should permit modulation at rates of several tens of gigahertz.
Endoscopic Resection With Hyaluronate Solution for Gastrointestinal Lesions (2014)

Submucosal injection of HS could not increase the usefulness of en bloc resection and complete resection or seemed not to reduce perforation, hemorrhage, and abdominal pain compared with the saline solution. But, we were able to get benefit from maintenance of mucosal elevation.
Adaptive region of interest estimation for aerial surveillance video (2005)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive region of interest (ROI) estimation for aerial surveillance video. The adaptive ROI estimation algorithm first analyzes how the camera is used, such as pan, tilt and zoom control parameters, from the ego-motion computed from the aerial surveillance video. Using a frame based camera operator attention model, we can not only estimate the ROI of the camera operator at the frame level, but also estimate the ROI at the sequence level. Experimental results using video captured by predator unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) show that the proposed adaptive ROI estimation algorithm is both effective and efficient.
Histologic Pattern of Biomechanic Properties of the Carbon Fiber-Augmented Ligament Tendon (1985)

Implantation of carbon fiber tow (CFT) for ligament and tendon augmentation was investigated in ten dogs and 45 patients. CFT produced a new structure with a remarkably consistent structural pattern. The basic pattern of the CFT-augmented unit consisted of a core of carbon fiber surround by concentric layers of fibroblasts and collagen fibers. This unit structure was developed from continuous irritation of physical structure of the carbon fiber. In dogs, ultimate tensile strength of the augmented tendon one year after surgery averaged 88% of natural tendon. Digestion of the connective tissue component of the CFT unit exposed the original carbon fiber tow. The connective tissue-free CFT maintained its original tensile strength. The continuous production of collagenous tissue surrounding carbon fibers produced a ligamentous structure that was physiologically compatible and biomechanically sufficient.
INSECURITY OVER E-SEALS (2004)

SUBTITLE: LACK OF STANDARDS HAMPER USE OF ELECTRONIC SEALS ON SHIPPING CONTAINERS, CARGO HANDLING GROUP SAYS.
Fully Integrated Thermoplastic Genosensor for the Highly Sensitive Detection and Identification of Multi‐Drug‐Resistant Tuberculosis (2012)

Ein Baukastensystem wurde entwickelt, mit dem wirkstoffresistente Stämme von Mycobacterium tuberculosis in weniger als 30 min nachgewiesen werden können (siehe Bild; MDR-TB=wirkstoffresistente Tuberkulose). Das Fluidiksystem nutzt eine Polymerkettenreaktion, eine Ligasedetektionsreaktion und einen universellen Assay, um mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit resistente Stämme, die als Minderheit einer Population vorliegen (<1 %), zu detektieren.
Recovery of Uranium from Phosphoric Acid Solutions Using Chelating Ion-Exchange Resins (1998)

Experimental measurements have been made on the batch extraction of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions using various chelating ion-exchange resins (RSPO, Diaion-CRP200, Diphonix, Purolite S940, Duolite ES467, and Lewatit OC 1060) and a solvent containing ion-exchange resins (Actinide-CU). The kinetic performance of ion-exchange resins was compared, and the effect of Fe(II) and Ca(II) ions on the sorption and elution performance has also been examined. The results showed that the resin Actinide-CU containing a diphosphonate extractant was very effective for removing uranium from phosphoric acid solution. However, the elution performance of this resin with both acid and carbonate eluants was poor. It is concluded that the chelating resins Diphonix, Duolite ES467, Lewatit OC 1060, and Purolite S940 give reasonable sorption of uranium in the presence of Fe(II) ions in batch sorption trials. The desorption of uranium has been performed quantitatively using carbonate eluants. Purolite S940 was used in small-scale column extractions of uranium from phosphoric acid solutions, and promising loading/elution profiles were obtained.
Fatty Acid Transport Protein 4 Is the Principal Very Long Chain Fatty Acyl-CoA Synthetase in Skin Fibroblasts (2007)

Fatty acid transport protein 4 (FATP4) is a fatty acyl-CoA synthetase that preferentially activates very long chain fatty acid substrates, such as C24:0, to their CoA derivatives. To gain better insight into the physiological functions of FATP4, we established dermal fibroblast cell lines from FATP4-deficient wrinkle-free mice and wild type (w.t.) mice. FATP4 -/- fibroblasts had no detectable FATP4 protein by Western blot. Compared with w.t. fibroblasts, cells lacking FATP4 had an 83% decrease in C24:0 activation. Peroxisomal degradation of C24:0 was reduced by 58%, and rates of C24:0 incorporation into major phospholipid species (54-64% decrease), triacylglycerol (64% decrease), and cholesterol esters (58% decrease) were significantly diminished. Because these lipid metabolic processes take place in different subcellular organelles, we used immunofluorescence and Western blotting of subcellular fractions to investigate the distribution of FATP4 protein and measured enzyme activity in fractions from w.t. and FATP4 -/- fibroblasts. FATP4 protein and acyl-CoA synthetase activity localized to multiple organelles, including mitochondria, peroxisomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the mitochondria-associated membrane fraction. We conclude that in murine skin fibroblasts, FATP4 is the major enzyme producing very long chain fatty acid-CoA for lipid metabolic pathways. Although FATP4 deficiency primarily affected very long chain fatty acid metabolism, mutant fibroblasts also showed reduced uptake of a fluorescent long chain fatty acid and reduced levels of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. FATP4-deficient cells also contained abnormal neutral lipid droplets. These additional defects indicate that metabolic abnormalities in these cells are not limited to very long chain fatty acids.
Cholinergic mechanisms involved in the pain relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation in a model of neuropathy (2008)

The mechanisms underlying the pain relieving effect of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) on neuropathic pain remain unclear. We have previously demonstrated that suppression of tactile hypersensitivity produced by SCS may be potentiated by i.t. clonidine in a rat model of mononeuropathy. Since the analgesic effect of this drug is mediated mainly via cholinergic mechanisms, a study exploring the possible involvement of the spinal cholinergic system in SCS was undertaken. The effect of SCS was assessed with von Frey filaments in rats displaying tactile hypersensitivity after partial ligation of the sciatic nerve and both SCS-responding and non-responding as well as normal rats were subjected to microdialysis in the dorsal horn. Acetylcholine (ACh) was analyzed with HPLC before, during and after SCS. SCS produced significantly increased release of ACh in the dorsal horn in rats responding to SCS whereas the release was unaffected in the non-responding animals. Furthermore, the basal release of ACh was significantly lower in nerve lesioned than in normal rats. In another group of rats it was found that the response to SCS was completely eliminated by i.t. atropine and a muscarinic M(4) receptor antagonist while a partial attenuation was produced by M(1) and M(2) antagonists. Blocking of nicotinic receptors did not influence the SCS effect. In conclusion, the attenuating effect of SCS on pain related behavior is associated with the activation of the cholinergic system in the dorsal horn and mediated via muscarinic receptors, particularly M(4,) while nicotinic receptors appear not to be involved.
Pulse oximetry: fundamentals and technology update (2014)

Oxygen saturation in the arterial blood (SaO2) provides information on the adequacy of respiratory function. SaO2 can be assessed noninvasively by pulse oximetry, which is based on photoplethysmographic pulses in two wavelengths, generally in the red and infrared regions. The calibration of the measured photoplethysmographic signals is performed empirically for each type of commercial pulse-oximeter sensor, utilizing in vitro measurement of SaO2 in extracted arterial blood by means of co-oximetry. Due to the discrepancy between the measurement of SaO2 by pulse oximetry and the invasive technique, the former is denoted as SpO2. Manufacturers of pulse oximeters generally claim an accuracy of 2%, evaluated by the standard deviation (SD) of the differences between SpO2 and SaO2, measured simultaneously in healthy subjects. However, an SD of 2% reflects an expected error of 4% (two SDs) or more in 5% of the examinations, which is in accordance with an error of 3%-4%, reported in clinical studies. This level of accuracy is sufficient for the detection of a significant decline in respiratory function in patients, and pulse oximetry has been accepted as a reliable technique for that purpose. The accuracy of SpO2 measurement is insufficient in several situations, such as critically ill patients receiving supplemental oxygen, and can be hazardous if it leads to elevated values of oxygen partial pressure in blood. In particular, preterm newborns are vulnerable to retinopathy of prematurity induced by high oxygen concentration in the blood. The low accuracy of SpO2 measurement in critically ill patients and newborns can be attributed to the empirical calibration process, which is performed on healthy volunteers. Other limitations of pulse oximetry include the presence of dyshemoglobins, which has been addressed by multiwavelength pulse oximetry, as well as low perfusion and motion artifacts that are partially rectified by sophisticated algorithms and also by reflection pulse oximetry.
Practical RAKE receiver architecture for the downlink communications in a DS-CDMA mobile system (1998)

The authors deal with a practical architecture for a RAKE receiver suitable for the downlink communication in a direct-sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) mobile system. The proposed RAKE receiver makes use of a pilot signal broadcast by the base station to obtain channel parameter estimation and synchronisation. Computer simulations have been carried out in deriving the performance in terms of bit-error probability under typical multipath fading propagation conditions of GSM applications. Comparisons with an ideal RAKE receiver and with a multipath rejection receiver recently proposed in the literature, for the same type of downlink channel, are shown to highlight the good behaviour of the proposed receiver.