gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulmonary Toxicity and the Pathophysiology of Electronic Cigarette, or Vaping Product, Use Associated Lung Injury (2020)

New emerging tobacco products, especially electronic cigarettes (E-Cig) or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), have gained a huge popularity, particularly in younger populations. The lack of sufficient evidence-based health effect studies has promoted widespread use/abuse with the assumption that E-Cig or ENDS and/or vaping products are safer and less toxic than conventional tobacco smoking. However, the recent escalation in acute lung injuries and their associated fatalities among ENDS or vaping product users has now brought attention to this silent epidemic <i>via</i> investigation into the constituents of ENDS/vaping products and their toxic effects on pulmonary health. Accordingly, CDC has declared an "outbreak" of the e-cigarette or vaping product use associated lung injury (EVALI). EVALI is characterized by sterile exogenous pneumonitis like reaction with substantial involvement of innate immune mechanisms. Vitamin-E acetate (VEA) is found in counterfeit cartridges and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of EVALI patients. Other reports implicated the presence of aromatic/volatile hydrocarbons and oils consisting of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT oil), including terpenes and mineral oil in tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) containing counterfeit vaping products. These compounds are involved in oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the lung. Here, we provide the perspectives on the recent case reports on EVALI, etiology, and discuss pulmonary toxicity as well as the mechanisms underlying EVALI susceptibility and lung pathophysiology.
The Kalahari Kid : copper : commodities (2011)

Traditionally, Botswana was viewed as a country with a big front door and little back door hatches to Namibia and Zimbabwe. Everything and anyone of significance came and went via its big all-powerful neighbour, South Africa.
The maize<i>dek1</i>gene functions in embryonic pattern formation and cell fate specification (2002)

Mutants in the maize defective kernel1 (dek1) gene are blocked in embryogenesis and the endosperm is chalky and lacks an aleurone layer. Here we show that intermediate alleles result in embryos that lack a shoot axis while weak alleles result in endosperms with mosaic aleurone and deformed plants with epidermal cells that resemble bulliform cells, a specialized epidermal cell type. This indicates that dek1 functions in embryonic pattern formation, cell fate specification and pattern formation in the leaf epidermis, and cell fate specification in the endosperm. Thus, the dek1 gene product appears to control different cellular-developmental processes depending on cellular context. The phenotype of the weak dek1-Dooner allele resembles the crinkly4 (cr4) mutant phenotype. Double mutants between dek1 and cr4 showed elements of epistasis, additivity and synergy, suggesting that the gene products may function in overlapping developmental processes. cr4 transcript was detectable in dek1 mutant kernels indicating that DEK1 was not required for Cr4 transcript accumulation. To test whether DEK1 regulated the ligand for the CR4 receptor kinase, a genetic mosaic analysis was performed. The dek1 phenotype appeared to be generally cell-autonomous, leading to the conclusion that it was not likely to produce a diffusible signal molecule, and therefore was not likely to regulate the CR4 ligand.
Observation of magnon-mediated current drag in Pt/yttrium iron garnet/Pt(Ta) trilayers (2016)

Pure spin current, a flow of spin angular momentum without flow of any accompanying net charge, is generated in two common ways. One makes use of the spin Hall effect in normal metals (NM) with strong spin-orbit coupling, such as Pt or Ta. The other utilizes the collective motion of magnetic moments or spin waves with the quasi-particle excitations called magnons. A popular material for the latter is yttrium iron garnet, a magnetic insulator (MI). Here we demonstrate in NM/MI/NM trilayers that these two types of spin currents are interconvertible across the interfaces, predicated as the magnon-mediated current drag phenomenon. The transmitted signal scales linearly with the driving current without a threshold and follows the power-law T(n) with n ranging from 1.5 to 2.5. Our results indicate that the NM/MI/NM trilayer structure can serve as a scalable pure spin current valve device which is an essential ingredient in spintronics.
DsbA2 (27 kDa Com1‐like protein) of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> catalyses extracytoplasmic disulphide‐bond formation in proteins including the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (2011)

In Gram-negative bacteria, thiol oxidoreductases catalyse the formation of disulphide bonds (DSB) in extracytoplasmic proteins. In this study, we sought to identify DSB-forming proteins required for assembly of macromolecular structures in Legionella pneumophila. Here we describe two DSB-forming proteins, one annotated as dsbA1 and the other annotated as a 27 kDa outer membrane protein similar to Com1 of Coxiella burnetii, which we designate as dsbA2. Both proteins are predicted to be periplasmic, and while dsbA1 mutants were readily isolated and without phenotype, dsbA2 mutants were not obtained. To advance studies of DsbA2, a cis-proline residue at position 198 was replaced with threonine that enables formation of stable disulphide-bond complexes with substrate proteins. Expression of DsbA2 P198T mutant protein from an inducible promoter produced dominant-negative effects on DsbA2 function that resulted in loss of infectivity for amoeba and HeLa cells and loss of Dot/Icm T4SS-mediated contact haemolysis of erythrocytes. Analysis of captured DsbA2 P198T-substrate complexes from L. pneumophila by mass spectrometry identified periplasmic and outer membrane proteins that included components of the Dot/Icm T4SS. More broadly, our studies establish a DSB oxidoreductase function for the Com1 lineage of DsbA2-like proteins which appear to be conserved among those bacteria also expressing T4SS.
New Energy Sources: The Enzymatic Biofuel Cell (2013)

The continuous search for alternative energy sources, imposed by economic and environmental concerns, has motivated investigations into clean and efficient alternatives for energy production. Studies have shown that fuel cells are a potentially efficient strategy for energy conversion. Biofuel cells constitute a subclass of fuel cells with promising application in low-power devices (generally in the order of micro to milli watts). Instead of metallic catalysts, biological power sources employ biological molecules such as enzymes, organelles, or microorganisms to convert chemical energy into electricity. Biofuel cells offer several advantages over traditional batteries, including the use of renewable and non-toxic components, reaction selectivity, fuel flexibility, and ability to operate at lower temperatures and near neutral pH. Indeed, recent papers have demonstrated the promising characteristics of these devices; however, some challenges remains to be faced despite the several advances in this area. This review aims to provide the readers of the Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society with an overview of enzymatic biofuel cells, their development since its first description in 1964, and the most recent outcomes. The latest papers in this field (including implantable technology) and an outlook for future research in this area are also presented.
Plasma Urocortin Levels in the Diagnosis of Ovarian Endometriosis (2007)

II.
Dual-gate a—Si:H thin film transistors (1982)

Dual-gate accumulation mode thin film transistors have been fabricated for the first time in a-Si:H on bulk glass substrates. The devices display exceptionally high performance, as compared to previously reported single-gate a-Si:H transistors. For a channel length of 10 µm and width of 168 µm, drain currents in the range of 5-10 µA were obtained for gate biases of 15 V in both of the two conducting channels induced in the a-Si:H layer. The drain current of the TFT operating in the dual-gate mode was found to be larger than the arithmetic sum of the drain currents through the two individual channels obtained from single-mode operation. A significant difference in dc stability between the two channels was observed. The use of the dual-gate TFT as a diagnostic structure for studying interface properties and contact effects has been demonstrated.
The Backbone Structure of the Major Cold-Shock Protein CS7.4 of Escherichia coli in Solution Includes Extensive β-Sheet Structure1 (1993)

CS7.4 is the major cold-shock protein specifically expressed to a level as high as 13% of the total cellular protein within the first hour when Escherichia coli cell culture is shifted from 37 to 15 degrees C [Goldstein et al. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 283-287]. It consists of 70 amino acid residues with a very high content of aromatic residues. CS7.4 was overproduced and purified to homogeneity. Its secondary structure was analyzed by examining circular dichroism at both the far and near-UV regions; the results suggest that the protein is largely beta-sheet in conformation. The predominance of beta-sheet structure in the protein was confirmed by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. A folded compact conformation was also verified by fluorescence emission spectroscopy. We evaluated Tm, delta H, and delta S from the thermal denaturation profile of the protein. Unusual spectral features observed in the far-UV region are attributed to the high content of aromatic residues. The protein is relatively small and contains no disulfide bonds. However, it is surprisingly stable to heat denaturation.
A survey of hardware solutions for maintenance of cache coherence in shared memory multiprocessors (2002)

Appropriate solution of the well-known cache coherence problem in shared memory multiprocessors is one of the key issues in improving the performance and scalability of these systems. Hardware methods are convenient because of their transparency for software. They also offer good performance since they deal with the problem dynamically. Hardware cache coherence schemes can be principally divided into two large groups: directory and snoopy protocols. This survey underlines their principles and summarizes a relatively large number of relevant representatives from both groups. The coherence problem in multilevel caches is also briefly considered. Special attention is devoted to cache coherence maintenance in large scalable shared memory multiprocessors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PPARγ activators down‐regulate the expression of PPARγ in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes (1999)

Transcriptional activation of PPARgamma by the anti-diabetic compound troglitazone enhances the rate of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. In this study, we examined the effects of troglitazone, a specific PPARgamma ligand, on the expression of PPARgamma during and after 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Troglitazone treatment caused a significant decrease in PPARgamma proteins and DNA binding activity. This reduction was associated with a similar decrease in transcription of PPARgamma mRNA. These data suggest that in 3T3-L1 cells, the expression of PPARgamma is auto-regulated.
Use of Instrumented Earplugs to Measure Driver Head Accelerations (2002)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reports on cooperative research between the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL) and motorsports to establish a relationship between multi-axis impact acceleration and injury for improving pilot/driver protection concepts <b>Problem:</b> The particular problem addressed by this paper is to establish how well head accelerations recorded by accelerometers mounted in molded earplugs inserted in manikin ears correlate with head accelerations measured by internal accelerometers. <b>Method:</b> Very small (0.4 gm) Endevco model 7269-500 tri-axial accelerometers were mounted in molded earplugs. In the laboratory, the earplugs were inserted into artificial ears glued to a Hybrid III manikin head. The headform was covered with artificial “skin” shaped to match a 3D scan of a human head. The headform, wore an instrumented (6 DOF) race helmet (reported on last conference), was instrumented internally with accelerometers (6 DOF), was attached to a sled and dropped on a Monterey Vertical Impact Device at from 12.5 G to 100 G in various (x, y, z, Rx, Ry, Rz) directions. <b>Results:</b> In 80 drops there was a progressive increase in acceleration recorded at the sled, then the base of the neck and finally the earplug. These differences were most probably due to the behavior of the headform mounting structure. Earplugs mounted directly on the sled replicated the sled acceleration within 5%. <b>Conclusion:</b> Since these results represent the behavior of a mechanical head and “rubber” ears, they need to be confirmed by using human volunteers up to 10 G (safe level) accelerations. <b>Application to Racing:</b> By monitoring drivers during crashes, it should be possible to calculate neck loads for correlation with injury data collected by medical personnel, and to revise impact tolerance criteria pertinent to racing, military and commercial crash protection.</div></div>
Effect of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters on the Herbicidal Effect of Essential Oils on Corn and Weeds (2017)

In this study, we tested whether the addition of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) of edible oils would influence the herbicidal effect of the essential oils (EO) of fiber hemp and peppermint ( Mentha × piperita L.) against common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass, and corn. The herbicidal properties of a 2.5% concentration of each EO in water mixtures with FAME were evaluated as sprays in a pot experiment. The oil-FAME mixtures showed phytotoxic effects against common lambsquarters and barnyardgrass expressed by a reduction in plant length and aboveground and root biomass, as measured three weeks after foliar spraying. Corn was the most tolerant species to the tested mixtures. Sunflower FAME alone was safe on corn but reduced the growth of weeds. Peppermint EO alone was the most phytotoxic on all tested species. In conclusion, the mixture of peppermint EO with oilseed rape FAME was the best treatment; however, improvement on Ch. album would be desirable for commercial-level control.
Retinoic Acid in the Treatment of Keloids (1988)

Since retinoids affect collagen metabolism, nine females and two males with keloids were treated with 0.05% tretinoin topically for 12 weeks. The lesions had been present for an average of 7 years prior to therapy. Changes in size were evaluated by serial kodachromes, tape measurements, and appreciation of volume using dental moulages. Two patients abandoned the study due to irritant contact dermatitis. A significant decrease in weight (p less than 0.04) and size (p less than 0.01) was found when comparing the status of the lesions at the beginning of the study and at week 12.
Rhenium‐Promoted C−C Bond‐Cleavage Reactions of Internal Propargyl Alcohols (2018)

The first examples of C-C bond cleavage reactions of internal propargyl alcohols to give vinylidene complexes are described. Treatment of [Re(dppm)<sub>3</sub> ]I with RC≡CC(OH)R'R'' (R=aryl, alkyl; C(OH)R'R''=C(OH)Ph<sub>2,</sub> C(OH)Me<sub>2</sub> , C(OH)HPh, C(OH)H<sub>2</sub> ) produced the vinylidene complexes ReI(=C=CHR)(dppm)<sub>2</sub> with the elimination of C(O)R'R''. Computational studies support that the reactions proceed through a β-alkynyl elimination of alkoxide intermediates Re{OC(R')(R'')C≡CR}(dppm)<sub>2</sub> .
PASSION FRUIT STARCH AND EFFECT ON JUICE VISCOSITY (1974)

Starches in the juices of yellow passion fruit, Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa , and purple passion fruit, P. edulis f. edulis , were isolated and characterized. Starch granule sizes for the yellow variety (7.8 μm) and purple variety (6.4 μm) were similar. Gelation temperature ranges for the yellow variety (58.5–67.0 ° c) and purple variety (58.5–66.5 ° C) were also similar. The amylose content was slightly higher in the yellow variety (8.7%) than in the purple variety (5.8%). Viscosity differences between juices of the two varieties after treatment with heat and α‐amylase were attributed to differences in pH and starch content between the yellow variety (pH 2.8, 0.06% starch) and the purple variety (pH 4.2, 0.74% starch). α‐amylase was effective in reducing the viscosity of passion fruit juice in which the starches are gelatinized.
Hybrid continuation power flow with linear-nonlinear predictor (2005)

This paper proposes a new continuation power flow method for drawing a P-V curve at a node. The continuation power flow calculation plays a key role to understand the limitation of power flow solutions in varying loads. It is useful for evaluating the critical point of the P-V curve in static voltage stability. However, drawing the P-V curve is time-consuming in large-scale power systems. As a result, a sophisticated technique is required to make the algorithm more efficient in terms of step size and robustness of algorithm. In this paper, a hybrid continuation power flow method of linear and nonlinear predictors is proposed to speed up computational time in drawing the P-V curve. The proposed method is successfully applied to the IEEE 118-node and 300-node systems.
Carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone for relapsed or refractory myeloma (2015)

Treatment options for patients with heavily pretreated relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma remain limited. We evaluated a novel therapeutic regimen consisting of carfilzomib, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (CPD) in an open-label, multicenter, phase 1, dose-escalation study. Patients who relapsed after prior therapy or were refractory to the most recently received therapy were eligible. All patients were refractory to prior lenalidomide. Patients received carfilzomib IV on days 1, 2, 8, 9, 15, and 16 (starting dose of 20/27 mg/m(2)), pomalidomide once daily on days 1 to 21 (4 mg as the initial dose level), and dexamethasone (40 mg oral or IV) on days 1, 8, 15, and 22 of 28-day cycles. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the regimen. A total of 32 patients were enrolled. The MTD of the regimen was dose level 1 (carfilzomib 20/27 mg/m(2), pomalidomide 4 mg, dexamethasone 40 mg). Hematologic adverse events (AEs) occurred in ≥60% of all patients, including 11 patients with grade ≥3 anemia. Dyspnea was limited to grade 1/2 in 10 patients. Peripheral neuropathy was uncommon and limited to grade 1/2. Eight patients had dose reductions during therapy, and 7 patients discontinued treatment due to AEs. Two deaths were noted on study due to pneumonia and pulmonary embolism (n = 1 each). The combination of CPD is well-tolerated and highly active in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01464034.
Universal Instrument Landing System (ILS) interlock controller with remoting capability (2007)

Instrument Landing Systems (ILS) provide vertical and lateral guidance to landing aircraft.The lateral guidance aligns the aircraft horizontally with the extended centerline of the runway while the vertical guidance ensures the proper descent angle for landing.This allows an aircraft to make a landing at an airport that cannot be seen from higher altitudes due to weather, clouds, and/or poor visibility.The approach path provided by the ILS also ensures an obstacle free corridor.The ILS utilizes ground based electronics and an aircraft receiver.The ground based electronics radiates an amplitude modulated VHF signal through an antenna array.The combined signal in space has different modulation based upon its orientation to the antenna array.The aircraft receiver uses this signal to determine its alignment.Due to safety requirements, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Orders, and International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Standards, an ILS must use an interlock system to prevent more than one ILS from radiating opposite approaches to the same runway or when operation of more than one ILS causes an interference problem with the signal in space reception of the desired ILS signal.This interlock system interfaces more than one ILS and must be controlled by Air Traffic personnel.Since there is not a common specification for controlling an ILS, individual manufactures are free to use different methods for interlocking their system.The Federal government buys ILSs from competitive bidding.The result is different vender equipment ends up at various airports causing unique interlock designs.Furthermore, until recently, interlocked ILSs were not remoted off airport.Therefore, a universal ILS interlock with remoting capability is needed.
Extensible data features in the operating system language OSL/2 (1971)

The extensible data facilities of OSL/2, an operating system language, are described. These facilities allow one to create new data types, such as queues, files, and tables, and describe complex access algorithms for these new types. When used in operating system codes, data type extension facilities help the programmer isolate macro and micro levels of complex data manipulation and provide logical places to insert and remove system measurement code. The implementation of these facilities is compatible with existing block structured languages like ALGOL 60 and PL/1 and can be accomplished in a straightforward manner.
Sensitive gas chromatographic–high resolution mass spectrometric method for the determination of methylmalonic acid in bovine plasma (1995)

A sensitive and highly specific method for the determination of methylmalonic acid (MMA) in bovine plasma is described. Following solvent extraction and butylation, samples are analysed by gas chromatography and detected using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The limit of detection for the assay was 0.025 mumol l-1 MMA and the recovery of added MMA ranged from 98 to 103%. The application of the method is demonstrated for the analysis of MMA in plasma taken from cattle that had been maintained on a cobalt-deficient diet for 64 weeks.
Representações da cultura paraguaia: tradições e memórias na construção identitária de imigrantes e descendentes (2012)

Mato Grosso do Sul conta com uma significativa população paraguaia imigrante, que, a partir da década de 1970, começou a articular-se em torno de associações culturais. Este movimento de imigração e organização sociocultural é objeto da primeira parte deste artigo. Adiante, a proposta central debate – tendo como marco o período entre 1990 e 2012 – as formas com que em alguns elementos desta cultura, considerados tradicionais (música, gastronomia, religiosidade, etc.) articulam memórias e, assim, atuam no sentido de construir e reforçar as identidades. Desta forma, entende-se este último conceito como uma estrutura que reconhece e incorpora as variações de expressão, negando, portanto, as perspectivas holistas. A metodologia utilizada é a história oral, e as questões colocadas emergem das narrativas de imigrantes e descendentes, produzidas na cidade de Dourados/MS.