gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Oxidative Coupling of Arenes with Olefins by Rh‐Catalyzed C—H Activation in Air: Observation of a Strong Cooperation of the Acid. (2013)

Abstract A series of monosubstituted or 1,2‐ or 1,3‐disubstituted arenes undergo the coupling with acrylates, styrene, allylbenzene or olefin (Xb) in the presence of air as terminal oxidant, Cu(OAc) 2 as co‐oxidant, and CCl 3 COOH as highly efficient additive.
A hierarchical account-aided Reputation Management system for large-scale MANETs (2011)

Encouraging cooperative and deterring selfish behaviors are important for proper operations of MANETs. For this purpose, most previous efforts either rely on reputation systems or price systems. However, both systems are neither sufficiently effective in providing cooperation incentives nor efficient in resource consumption. Nodes in both systems can be uncooperative while still being considered trustworthy. Also, information exchange between mobile nodes in reputation systems and credit circulation in price systems consume significant resources. This paper presents a hierarchical Account-aided Reputation Management system (ARM) to efficiently and effectively provide cooperation incentives. ARM builds a hierarchical locality-aware DHT infrastructure for efficient and integrated operations of both reputation and price systems. The infrastructure helps to globally collect all reputation information in the system, which helps to calculate more accurate reputation and detect abnormal reputation information. Also, ARM coordinately integrates resource and price systems by enabling higher-reputed nodes to pay less for their received services. Theoretical analysis demonstrates the properties of ARM. Simulation results show that ARM outperforms both a reputation system and price system in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
ACuZinc™ 5 Applications in the Auto Industry (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">ACuZinc™ 5, a GM-patented, high-performance ternary zinc-copper-aluminum alloy which is suitable for manufacturing net shape die castings, plays a vital role in the success of new automotive parts and systems. The new parts were designed to meet the auto industry's higher load and safety specifications. The superior mechanical properties of ACuZinc™ make it suitable for structural applications where commercial zinc die casting alloys have been found to be inadequate. From a business viewpoint, ACuZinc™ can help in penetrating new markets by competing for cast iron, powder metal and brass applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"><i>ACuZinc is a registered GM trademark.</i></div>
Design and characterization of a metal ion–imidazole self-assembled monolayer for reversible immobilization of histidine-tagged peptides (2011)

We report the design and characterization of a metal ion-imidazole self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode. The resultant monolayer is well-suited for direct immobilization of histidine and methylene blue-modified peptides.
Smart Meters, Big Data, and Customer Engagement: In Pursuit of the Perfect Portal (2014)

Nearly 1 in 3 homes now have smart meters collecting data every 5 to 15 minutes instead of the once per month collection we’ve seen for the past 100 years, yet most people don’t even know if they have a smart meter or not, much less how the data can help them save energy and money (Tweed 2012). Presenting this information to customers in a way that allows them to easily take advantage of these savings opportunities is critical for justifying the billions of dollars that utilities have invested in these meters. Without customer engagement in smart meter data, this investment represents little beyond a slightly more accurate and efficient billing system. With customer engagement, however, this data is the key to fulfilling the true promise of the smart grid, enabling behavioral demand response, dynamic pricing, and more. The key to customer engagement in smart meter data is presenting this information effectively, using website portals that are compelling, actionable, and available to people on the communications channels they prefer to use. With the increasing prevalence of industry-wide standardized formats for data such as the Green Button initiative, creating portals that can easily integrate with smart meter data should be a more streamlined process than ever before (Green Button Initiative, 2014). While it is still too early in the existence of these portals to definitively determine which elements are most important to drive energy savings, we have created a framework for comparison of the many different components that are currently being used in several “best practice” interfaces designed by third parties, utilities, and NGOs. These elements can include energy use patterns, disaggregated use by appliance, comparisons over a variety of time periods, energy savings goal settings, alerts when energy use is high, comparisons with peers, entry into contests and sweepstakes, and even gaming.
Chronic Cystoisospora belli infection in an HIV/AIDS patient treated at the specialized assistance service in Porto Velho County - Rondônia. (2019)

Cystoisospora belli infection manifests as diarrhea, and can potentially progress to malabsorption in HIV patients. Here, we report a case of C. belli infection in an HIV/AIDS patient with chronic diarrhea symptoms for at least 2 years. Coproscopic analyses based on direct technique and modified Ziehl-Neelsen technique without a commercial kit were performed. The current case report highlights the protocol to be adopted in coproscopic analyses applied to HIV patients. The importance of including the appropriate parasitological testing of patients with chronic intestinal isosporiasis in parasitological test routines must be considered.
Characterization of <i>Wolbachia</i> Transfection Efficiency by Using Microinjection of Embryonic Cytoplasm and Embryo Homogenate (2005)

Wolbachia spp. are intracellular alpha proteobacteria closely related to Rickettsia. The maternally inherited infections occur in a wide range of invertebrates, causing several reproductive abnormalities, including cytoplasmic incompatibility. The artificial transfer of Wolbachia between hosts (transfection) is used both for basic research examining the Wolbachia-host interaction and for applied strategies that use Wolbachia infections to affect harmful insect populations. Commonly employed transfection techniques use embryonic microinjection to transfer Wolbachia-infected embryo cytoplasm or embryo homogenate. Although microinjections of both embryonic cytoplasm and homogenate have been used successfully, their respective transfection efficiencies (rates of establishing stable germ line infections) have not been directly compared. Transfection efficiency may be affected by variation in Wolbachia quantity or quality within the donor embryos and/or the buffer types used in embryo homogenization. Here we have compared Wolbachia bacteria that originate from different embryonic regions for their competencies in establishing stable germ line infections. The following three buffers were compared for their abilities to maintain an appropriate in vitro environment for Wolbachia during homogenization and injection: phosphate-buffered saline, Drosophila Ringer's buffer, and a sucrose-phosphate-glutamate solution (SPG buffer). The results demonstrate that Wolbachia bacteria from both anterior and posterior embryo cytoplasms are competent for establishing infection, although differing survivorships of injected hosts were observed. Buffer comparison shows that embryos homogenized in SPG buffer yielded the highest transfection success. No difference was observed in transfection efficiencies when the posterior cytoplasm transfer and SPG-homogenized embryo techniques were compared. We discuss the results in relation to intra- and interspecific Wolbachia transfection and the future adaptation of the microinjection technique for additional insects.
Review: three synthesis methods of CdX (X = Se, S or Te) quantum dots (2014)

Quantum dots (QDs) are one of the first nanotechnologies to be integrated with the biological sciences that used for imaging or tracking macromolecules/cells in cell/tissue. Because of QDs are important in biomedical and biological applications, identify a variety of synthesis methods to produce QDs with different characteristics also is particularly important. Hence, in this review the authors discussed three methods for synthesis of heavy metal chalcogenide-based QDs for use in biomedical field: (i) Organometallic method for synthesis of QDs consists of three components: precursors, organic surfactants and solvents. The authors also discussed water-solubilisation strategies of synthesised QDs including encapsulation and ligand exchange. (ii) Aqueous synthesis technique using short-chain thiols as stabilising agents is a useful alternative to organometallic synthesis of CdSe, CdS and CdTe QDs. (iii) The third method discussed in this article for QDs synthesis involves the utilise of microorganisms to prepare QDs with controlled size, shape, chemical composition and functionality. The authors also discussed recently new methods for the synthesis of the appropriate QDs for use in biology. In addition, attachment of biomolecules such as antibodies, oligonucleotides on the surface of QDs for specific targeting and different opinions about toxicity of QD have been studied.
Dance of the Call Bells (2006)

Ethnographic methods can provide insights into patients' perceptions of quality of care. We used ethnographic methods to examine problems related to answering patient call lights on one inpatient unit in the hospital. Communication through call bells consisted of 3 interrelated components. These included answering the call bell, communicating the patient's request, and following through with the request. Results of this study provided a deeper understanding of the nuances of power and control embedded within the issue of patient-caregiver communication and empowered unit staff to find solutions to the call bell problem.
Real-Time PCR-Based Pathotyping of Newcastle Disease Virus by Use of TaqMan Minor Groove Binder Probes (2009)

A real-time reverse-transcription PCR was developed to detect and pathotype Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) in clinical samples. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers and TaqMan probes with nonfluorescent minor groove binder (MGB) quencher amplified and hybridized to a region in the fusion protein (F) gene that corresponds to the cleavage site of the F0 precursor, which is a key determinant of NDV pathogenicity. The application of degenerate primers and TaqMan MGB probes provided high specificity to the assay, as was shown by the successful and rapid pathotype determination of 39 NDV strains representing all the known genotypes (I to VIII) and pathotypes (lentogens/mesogens/velogens). The PCR assays specific for lentogenic and velogenic/mesogenic strains had high analytical sensitivity, detecting approximately 10 and 20 copies of the target molecule per reaction, respectively. The detection limit was also determined in terms of 50% egg infective dose (EID(50)) by using dilution series of virus stock solutions to be approximately 10(1.0) and 10(-1.3) EID(50)/ml for lentogens and velogens/mesogens, respectively. Organ, swab, and stool specimens from experimentally infected animals were tested to prove the clinical suitability of the method. The results of this study suggest that the described real-time PCR assay has the potential to be used for the rapid detection/pathotyping of NDV isolates and qualitative/quantitative measurement of the virus load.
Maximize the Lifetime of Object Tracking Sensor Network with Node-to-Node Activation Scheme (2009)

The usage of sensor networks is rapidly growing due to their small size and easily deployment. It means that we can easily expand and shrink such network, so sensor networks are more flexible as compare to the other wired networks. Due to this flexible nature such network has many applications in various fields. Object tracking is such one of the most important application of sensor network. Wireless sensor networks are Ad-hoc networks which contain a set of nodes which have limited computational power and limited power resources. As the energy resources are limited in the sensor node so full utilization of the resources with minimum energy remains main consideration when a wireless sensor network application is designed. Power is supplied with the help of batteries fitted with the sensor node and is not easily replaceable. As energy is one of the major components of such network, so we take this issue for further consideration. In order to maximize the lifetime of sensor networks, the system needs aggressive energy optimization techniques, ensuring that energy awareness is incorporated not only into individual sensor nodes but also into groups of cooperating nodes and into an entire sensor network. In this paper we suggest an energy saving scheme called Maximize the Lifetime of Object tracking sensor Network with node-to- node Activation Scheme (MLONAS) in which minimum number of nodes are involved in tracking of an object while other nodes remain in the sleep mode. When an object is going to enter the region of other node it will activate that node and when that node start tracking the object previous one will go to the sleep state. This scheme can increase the life of sensor network as few nodes are involved in tracking of moving object where as others remain in the sleep state.
Performance of an Axial Gas Ionization Detector (2006)

An axial gas ionization chamber has been fabricated for use as a DeltaE detector in heavy ion induced nuclear reactions. Different operating parameters such as gas type, pressure, anode voltage, and anode structures have been optimized. The transparency of the anode structure is observed to play an important role in improving the energy resolution of the detector
[A study on chemical constituents in the herb of Mentha spicata]. (2002)

Among them, compounds I, II, III were first obtained from M. genus, IV, VI were separated from M. spicta for the first time.
From Hydra Regeneration to Human Brain Structural Plasticity: A Long Trip through Narrowing Roads (2011)

Regeneration is a strategy to maintain form and function throughout life. Studies carried out on animal models throughout the phylogenetic tree have flourished in the last decades in search of mechanisms underlying the regenerative processes. The development of such studies is strictly linked with stem cell research and both are viewed as one of the most promising outcomes for regenerative medicine; yet, regeneration, stem cells, and tissue repair do not seem to follow a logical path through the different animal species and tissues. As a result, some mammalian organs, e.g., kidney and brain, have lost most of their regenerative capacity. The human nervous system, although harboring neural stem cells, is placed at the extreme of "perennial" tissues. In addition, it is affected by neurodegenerative diseases, whose heavy burden is heightened by enhanced life spans. This review, starting from the basic principles of tissue regeneration viewed in a comparative context, tries to answer this question: To which extent can regenerative medicine be figured out in a mammalian brain equipped with many anatomical/evolutionary constraints?
Design of Power Electronic Transformer Based on Modular Multilevel Converter (2012)

Power electronic transformer acts as a key component of the future automation in smart grid, which is the replacement of conventional distribution transformers by a power transformer. In this paper , the optimum design of a power electronic transformer(PET) based on topology of Modular multilevel converter (M2C). M2C is an emerging and highly attractive topology intended for high- or medium-voltage power electronic devices. In the design process, the modulation scheme of M2C is analyzed. A control method for balancing the M2C DC buses has been introduced. The PET includes a dual-active-bridge DC/DC converter. The DC-DC converter realizes magnetic isolation of PET and reduces the transformer size. Meanwhile, both primary-side and secondary-side switches can achieve the zero-voltage-switching(ZVS) .The PET performs power transformer's functions, at the same time, which has advantages such as power factor correction, elimination of voltage sag and swell, and reduction of voltage flicker in load side.
Salicylic acid inhibits jasmonic acid‐induced resistance of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> to <i>Spodoptera exigua</i> (2004)

The role of salicylic acid (SA) in plant responses to pathogens has been well documented, but its direct and indirect effects on plant responses to insects are not so well understood. We examined the effects of SA, alone and in combination with jasmonic acid (JA), on the performance of the generalist herbivore, Spodoptera exigua, in wild-type and mutant Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes that varied genetically in their ability to mount SA- and JA-mediated defence responses. In one experiment, growth of S. exigua larvae was highest on the Wassilewskija wild-type, intermediate on the Columbia wild-type and the JA-deficient fad mutant, and lowest on the nim1-1 and jar1-mutants, which are defective in the SA and JA pathways, respectively. Activity of guaiacol peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, n-acetylglucosaminidase, and trypsin inhibitor varied by genotype but did not correlate with insect performance. SA treatment increased growth of S. exigua larvae by approximately 35% over all genotypes, but had no discernable effect on activities of the four defence proteins. In a second experiment, growth of S. exigua was highest across treatments on the cep1 mutant, a constitutive expressor of high SA levels and systemic acquired resistance, and lowest on the fad mutant, which is JA-deficient. JA treatment generally increased activity of all four defence proteins, increased total glucosinolate levels and reduced insect growth by approximately 25% over all genotypes. SA generally inhibited expression of JA-induced resistance to S. exigua when both hormones were applied simultaneously. Across genotypes and treatments, larval mass was negatively correlated with the activity of trypsin inhibitor and polyphenoloxidase and with total glucosinolate levels, and insect damage was negatively correlated with the activity of polyphenoloxidase. SA had little effect on the induction of defence protein activity by JA. However, SA attenuated the induction of glucosinolates by JA and therefore may explain better the interactive effects of SA and JA on insect performance. This study illustrates that direct and indirect cross-effects of SA on resistance to S. exigua can occur in A. thaliana. Effects of SA may be mediated through effects on plant defence chemistry or other aspects of the suitability of foliage for insect feeding and growth.
Asymptotic Theory of Electromagnetic and Acoustic Diffraction by Smooth Convex Surfaces of Variable Curvature (1967)

A general method is presented for obtaining successive terms in short wavelength asymptotic expansions of the diffracted field produced by plane acoustic and electromagnetic waves incident on an arbitrary smooth convex surface. By introducing the geodesic coordinate system on arbitrary surfaces of non-constant curvature, both scalar and vector integral equations governing the surface fields are solved directly. The expressions for leading and second-order terms in the asymptotic expansion of the diffracted fields are obtained explicitly and the differences between acoustic and electromagnetic creeping waves are shown.
FLAGS: A methodology for adaptive anomaly detection and root cause analysis on sensor data streams by fusing expert knowledge with machine learning (2020)

Anomalies and faults can be detected, and their causes verified, using both data-driven and knowledge-driven techniques. Data-driven techniques can adapt their internal functioning based on the raw input data but fail to explain the manifestation of any detection. Knowledge-driven techniques inherently deliver the cause of the faults that were detected but require too much human effort to set up. In this paper, we introduce FLAGS, the Fused-AI interpretabLe Anomaly Generation System, and combine both techniques in one methodology to overcome their limitations and optimize them based on limited user feedback. Semantic knowledge is incorporated in a machine learning technique to enhance expressivity. At the same time, feedback about the faults and anomalies that occurred is provided as input to increase adaptiveness using semantic rule mining methods. This new methodology is evaluated on a predictive maintenance case for trains. We show that our method reduces their downtime and provides more insight into frequently occurring problems.
Association of Restless Legs Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetes: A Case-Control Study (2007)

This is the first controlled study confirming a significant association between RLS and type 2 diabetes. In diabetic patients, polyneuropathy represents the main risk factor for RLS. However, polyneuropathy only partially explains the increased prevalence of RLS in type 2 diabetics. Clinical characteristics of RLS in diabetic patients are those of a secondary form.
Geometry and Meaning (2004)

From Pythagoras's harmonic sequence to Einstein's theory of relativity, geometric models of position, proximity, ratio, and the underlying properties of physical space have provided us with powerful ideas and accurate scientific tools. Currently, similar geometric models are being applied to another type of space the conceptual space of information and meaning, where the contributions of Pythagoras and Einstein are a part of the landscape itself. The rich geometry of conceptual space can be glimpsed, for instance, in internet documents: while the documents themselves define a structure of visual layouts and point-to-point links, search engines create an additional structure by matching keywords to nearby documents in a spatial arrangement of content. What the Geometry of Meaning provides is a much-needed exploration of computational techniques to represent meaning and of the conceptual spaces on which these representations are founded.
Expression pattern of the ether-a-go-go-related (ERG) family proteins in the adult mouse central nervous system: Evidence for coassembly of different subunits (2005)

Voltage-dependent K+ channels are the main determinants in controlling cellular excitability within the central nervous system. Among voltage-dependent K+ channels, the ERG subfamily is deeply involved in the control of cellular excitability, both in mammals and in invertebrates. ERG channels are encoded by different genes: the erg1 gene, which can generate two alternative transcripts (erg1a and erg1b), erg2 and erg3. The aim of the present study was to determine the expression pattern and cellular localization of ERG proteins (ERG1, ERG2, and ERG3) in the mouse CNS, differentiating, for the first time, the ERG1A and ERG1B isoforms. To this purpose, novel specific antibodies were raised against the various channel proteins and their specificity and immunoreactivity tested. It emerged that: 1) all the erg genes were indeed translated in neuronal tissue; 2) ERG proteins distribution in the mouse CNS often overlapped, and only in specific areas each ERG protein showed a distinct pattern of expression; and 3) ERG proteins were generally expressed in neuronal soma, but dendritic and/or white matter labeling could be detected in specific areas. The finding that ERG proteins often have an overlapping expression suggests that neuronal ERG currents could be determined, at least in part, by heterotetrameric ERG channels. This suggestion is demonstrated to occur for ERG1A/ERG1B by showing that the two isoforms coassemble in mouse brain.