gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-associated macrophages subvert T-cell function and correlate with reduced survival in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (2013)

Although malignant cells can be recognized and controlled by the immune system, in patients with clinically apparent cancer immunosurveillance has failed. To better understand local immunoregulatory processes that impact on cancer progression, we correlated intratumoral immunological profiles with the survival of patients affected by primary clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). A retrospective analysis of 54 primary ccRCC samples for 31 different immune response-related transcripts, revealed a negative correlation of CD68 (a marker of tumor-associated macrophages, TAMs) and FOXP3 (a marker of regulatory T cells, Tregs) with survival. The subsequent analysis of 12 TAM-related transcripts revealed an association between the genes coding for CD163, interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) and fibronectin 1 (FN1), all of which have been linked to the M2 TAM phenotype, with reduced survival and increased tumor stage, whereas the opposite was the case for the M1-associated gene coding for inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS). The M2 signature of (CD68<sup>+</sup>) TAMs was found to correlate with CD163 expression, as determined in prospectively collected fresh ccRCC tissue samples. Upon co-culture with autologous tumor cells, CD11b<sup>+</sup> cells isolated from paired blood samples expressed CD163 and other M2-associated proteins, suggesting that the malignant cells promote the accumulation of M2 TAMs. Furthermore, the tumor-associated milieu as well as isolated TAMs induced the skewing of autologous, blood-derived CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells toward a more immunosuppressive phenotype, as shown by decreased production of effector cytokines, increased production of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and enhanced expression of the co-inhibitory molecules programmed death 1 (PD-1) and T-cell immunoglobulin mucin 3 (TIM-3). Taken together, our data suggest that ccRCC progressively attracts macrophages and induces their skewing into M2 TAMs, in turn subverting tumor-infiltrating T cells such that immunoregulatory functions are increased at the expense of effector functions.
A Valence Control Method Based on a Pt-Aided Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment for Yielding Tetravalent Neptunium and Plutonium in Nitric Acid Solutions (2008)

There are several possible causes of the recovery decrease sometimes encountered in the chemical separation procedures for actinides. Although the interferences present in the samples could be related to the recovery decrease in the actinide separations, an incomplete valence control of the actinides in the sample solution conditioning step often causes problems of a significant loss of them in the subsequent sample loading step. Thus, control of the valence states of the actinides in the sample solutions is a basis for the separation methods such as anion exchange, extraction chromatography, solvent extraction and precipitation. In some chromatographic separation procedures for actinides, both Np and Pu are required to be adsorbed as their tetravalent state on the sorption media such as anion exchange resins or UTEVA-resin. 1,2 The most prominent factor influencing the individual separation of actinides may be an adjustment of the valences of Pu to a desired one, which is nearly the same as in the case of Np. Therefore, special attention must be given to a completion of a valence control for Pu and Np together in a sample solution prior to its loading on a separation column. Various reducing agents such as ferrous sulfate, hydroxylamine, hydrazine, SO2 and SnCl2 are used to reduce Np(VI) to Np(IV) and all the Pu to Pu(III). 3 Ferrous sulfamate reduces Np in higher valence states to Np(IV), while it reduces all the Pu to Pu(III). 4 Np and Pu can be adjusted to Np(IV) and Pu(IV) by the use of sodium nitrite following an addition of ferrous ammonium sulfate. 5 However, these reagents introduce foreign ions into sample solutions which would complicate the subsequent separation steps. Reduction of Np(VI) to Np(IV) and Pu(VI) to Pu(IV) with H2O2 has sometimes been adopted in the valence control step of the actinide separation procedures used to determine individual actinides. 1,3,6 However, poor and inconsistent recoveries for Np and/or Pu were often observed when using H2O2 as a valence control agent in HNO3 media samples. 7-11 The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and efficient method that affords a valence adjustment of both Np and Pu to a tetravalent state for an effective adsorption onto the UTEVA-resin and the anion exchange resins from HNO3 media. A H2O2-based sample solution treatment followed by a Pt-metal catalytic decomposition of the excess H2O2 was investigated to adjust both the Np and Pu to the required tetravalent state. The effectiveness of the H2O2based valence control method proposed in this study was assessed by its adaptation to an UTEVA-resin chromatography for an individual separation of U, Np, Pu, and Am by using a synthetic mixture of their isotopes. Experimental Section
Continuously Changing Light-Dark Phase Decreases Milk Yield, Fat, Protein andLactose in Dairy Cows (2020)

Photoperiod impacts feeding behavior, health, growth and milk production of dairy cattle. In humans behaviors that are asynchronous with the natural light-dark cycle, such as shift work or jet lag, are strongly associated with metabolic disorders as well as impaired reproductive performance. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of exposing mid-lactation dairy cows to chronically shifting 8h light (L)-8h dark (D) cycles on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and mammary gene expression. Six first lactation Holsteins ∼90d in milk were maintained on a 16 h L: 8 h D cycle and milked at 5AM and 4PM for 7d (control, Period 1). During Period 2, 7 d immediately following Period 1, cows were exposed to continuous cycles of 8 h L: 8 h D, but maintained on the same milking and feeding schedule. Exposure to chronic 8 h LD cycles significantly depressed milk yield (P<0.05), but did not affect daily feed intake. Percent milk fat, protein and lactose were not different, but milk urea nitrogen (MUN) significantly increased. On the last day of each period mammary gene expression was measured by Q-PCR of total RNA isolated from the cytosolic components of milk fat globules. Expression of the core clock gene BMAL1 in addition to Beta-casein, Alpha-lactalbumin, Fatty acid synthase and Acetyl CoA-carboxylase were all decreased (P < 0.05) after 7 d of chronic 8 h LD cycles. The results from this study show for the first time that exposing lactating cows to chronic light shifts decreases milk production and may alter metabolism. Further, experimental design may provide a paradigm to study the effects of changing lighting schedules on milk production and a potential model to study effects of disrupting circadian system on production efficiency
Environmental factors, including thermal stress and photoperiod, impact the feeding behavior [1-3], health [4], growth [5] and milk production of dairy cattle [6, 7]. To more effectively control environmental factors and improve production efficiency, housing domestic food-producing animals in close confinement has become the norm. Extension bulletins promote housing lactating cattle under long day photoperiod (16h light 8h of dark) conditions, as multiple studies have shown it enhances milk production [8]. However, many intensive dairy operations do not follow lighting recommendations, often providing varying light levels with exposure to light throughout the night
Optoelectronic CMOS Power Supply Unit for Electrically Isolated Microscale Applications (2011)

This paper presents a CMOS power supply unit for electrically isolated microscale applications, where the provision of electrical power is not appropriate through wiring. A miniature fiberoptic platform consisting of an inclined silicon mirror fabricated using bulk micromachining is coupled to the monolithically integrated photodiode/dc–dc converter system, to yield a stand-alone optical power supply. In this approach, the dc/dc converter steps up the voltage of a single CMOS-integrated photodiode to a higher level. A test chip is fabricated using UMC 0.18-μm triple-well CMOS technology to demonstrate the power supply unit. Two different types of photodiodes, namely, a triple-well photodiode and an n-well photodiode are compared. It is found that on-chip triple-well photodiode results in a projected responsivity of 26 mA/W. The dc/dc converter had a maximum efficiency of 56% and is able to boost an input voltage level of 0.5-to-1.2 V. Silicon mirrors coated with 25-nm-thick aluminum are measured to have a reflectivity of 80% for a laser beam at a wavelength of 650 nm. Capability of the overall packaged optoelectronic system, consisting of the optical fiber, silicon mirror, CMOS photodiode, and the dc/dc converter, is demonstrated by generation of an electrical power of 60 μW.
Expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes and cytokine genes during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis (1997)

Oxidative stress and the inflammatory response may play roles in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis. Herein, we characterized pancreatic expression of oxidative stress-responsive genes [c-fos, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and metallothionein-I (MT-I)] and cytokine genes [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis in the mouse. c-fos, HO-1, and MT-I mRNAs were coordinately and rapidly (3-7 h) upregulated, and HO-1 and MT-I protein levels were increased slightly in the pancreas during acute pancreatitis. In addition, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha mRNAs were rapidly (7 h) upregulated in the pancreas, and intrapancreatic IL-1 beta and IL-6 protein levels rapidly increased (3-fold and 6.4-fold, respectively) during acute pancreatitis. These studies suggest that oxidative stress and inflammation each occur in the pancreas during the early stages of acute pancreatitis. However, under a limited set of experimental conditions, we found that an insult that causes pancreatic oxidative stress (diethylmaleate) or one that induces an inflammatory response (bacterial lipopolysaccharide), or a combination of these agents, did not cause the changes characteristic of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, simply inducing oxidative stress and/or inflammation may be insufficient to initiate acute pancreatitis.
The Navigation Acts and the American Revolution. By Oliver M. Dickerson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1951. Pp. xv, 344. $6.00. (1952)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Protective effects of endoxin antagonist on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats (2004)

Aim To research the changes of myocardial endoxin level in rats with myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR) and the protevtive effects of anti digoxin antiserum, an endoxin specific antagonist, on MIR injury. Methods Myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury models were obtained by ligating left anterior descending coronary artery 30 min followed by 45 min reperfusion. Sprauge Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups each with 10 rats. There were sham group, MIR group, normal saline group, verapamil group, low dose anti digoxin antiserum group, middle dose anti digoxin antiserum group, and high dose anti digoxin antiserum group. After reperfusion of left ventricular myocardium, sample of ischemia were processed immediately. Myocardial endoxin levels, Na +, K + ATPase activities, and intramitochondrial Ca 2+ contents were measured. The myocardial morphology were observed. Results Myocardial endoxin levels were significantly increased; Na +, K + ATPase activities were remarkably decreased; intramitochondrial Ca 2+ contents were remarkably raised. Meanwhile, myocardial morphology injury were remarkable in light microscope and electric microscope. Middle and high dose of anti digoxin antiserum intervention, myocardial endoxin levels were remarkably decreased; Na +, K + ATPase activities were drastically increased; intramitochondrial Ca 2+ declined. The myocardial histological morphology was significantly improved. Conclusion Antidigoxin antiserum, an endoxin antagonist, had protective effect against MIR. The mechanism maybe related to antagonizing endoxin, restoring energy metabolism, attenuating intracellular Ca 2+ overload.
Colocalization of Quantum Dots by Reactive Molecules Carried by Motor Proteins on Polarized Microtubule Arrays (2012)

The field of microfluidics has drastically contributed to downscale the size of benchtop experiments to the dimensions of a chip without compromising results. However, further miniaturization and the ability to directly manipulate individual molecules require a platform that permits organized molecular transport. The motor proteins and microtubules that carry out orderly intracellular transport are ideal for driving in vitro nanotransport. Here, we demonstrate that a reconstruction of the cellular kinesin/dynein-microtubule system in nanotracks provides a molecular total analysis system (MTAS) to control massively parallel chemical reactions. The mobility of kinesin and a microtubule dissociation method enable orientation of a microtubule in an array for directed transport of reactive molecules carried by kinesin or dynein. The binding of glutathione S-transferase (GST) to glutathione (GSH) and the binding of streptavidin to biotin are visualized as colocalizations of quantum dots (Q-dots) when motor motilities bring them into contact. The organized nanotransport demonstrated here suggests the feasibility of using our platform to perform parallel biochemical reactions focused at the molecular level.
X-Ray study of the low temperature phase transitions in K<sub>2</sub>ZnCl<sub>4</sub> (1997)

Abstract Lattice parameter measurements have been made for K2ZnCl4 in the temperature range 100 to 300 K by the Bond method. The temperature behavior of some main and satellite reflections has been studied in the temperature range 100 to 580 K with a 4-circle diffractometer. No broadening of the FWHM was observed for reflections of the h01-type in the low-temperature phase below Tc = 144.5 K. The discrepancy factors R int for the reflections hkl and hkl at the temperatures 155 K and 105 K are the same and equal to about 2%. From the refinement of the commensurate structure at the temperatures 155 K, 300 K and 378 K as well as of the average structure at 105 K it follows that the amplitude of the modulation function depends linearly on temperature in the temperature range 105 to 378 K. The average structure of the low-temperature phase (V) does not differ significantly from the structure of the commensurate phase (III). Key Words: K2ZnCl4 phase transitionsmodulated structures
Operational Behavior of a Complex Transonic Test Turbine Facility (2001)

This paper describes the operation of a continuously operating cold flow test stand for axial turbine stages. The interesting feature of this test stand is the fact that the power generated by the test turbine is used for driving a compressor, which supplies additional air to drive the turbine. The brake compressor was a donation from industry and was a very welcome alternative to a water brake. The advantages of using this compressor lie in the low installation costs and the power savings. The performance of the test turbine stage influences the capabilities of the test stand. A suction blower driven by a helicopter engine can be used to decrease the exhaust pressure allowing to increase the turbine expansion ratio. The performance of the whole test facility and the complex interaction of the components will be described. In general, design engineers are interested in the performance of their test stages at different operating conditions (i.e. corrected speed, pressure ratio). It will be shown by which control mechanisms different operation points can be obtained and which range of the values can be achieved.
Identification of novel genes for glucose metabolism based upon expression pattern in human islets and effect on insulin secretion and glycemia (2014)

Normal glucose homeostasis is characterized by appropriate insulin secretion and low HbA1c. Gene expression signatures associated with these two phenotypes could be essential for islet function and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Herein, we employed a novel approach to identify candidate genes involved in T2D by correlating islet microarray gene expression data (78 donors) with insulin secretion and HbA1c level. The expression of 649 genes (P < 0.05) was correlated with insulin secretion and HbA1c. Of them, five genes (GLR1A, PPP1R1A, PLCDXD3, FAM105A and ENO2) correlated positively with insulin secretion/negatively with HbA1c and one gene (GNG5) correlated negatively with insulin secretion/positively with HbA1c were followed up. The five positively correlated genes have lower expression levels in diabetic islets, whereas GNG5 expression is higher. Exposure of human islets to high glucose for 24 h resulted in up-regulation of GNG5 and PPP1R1A expression, whereas the expression of ENO2 and GLRA1 was down-regulated. No effect was seen on the expression of FAM105A and PLCXD3. siRNA silencing in INS-1 832/13 cells showed reduction in insulin secretion for PPP1R1A, PLXCD3, ENO2, FAM105A and GNG5 but not GLRA1. Although no SNP in these gene loci passed the genome-wide significance for association with T2D in DIAGRAM+ database, four SNPs influenced gene expression in cis in human islets. In conclusion, we identified and confirmed PPP1R1A, FAM105A, ENO2, PLCDX3 and GNG5 as potential regulators of islet function. We provide a list of candidate genes as a resource for exploring their role in the pathogenesis of T2D.
Power/signal time division multiplexing technique based on power electronic circuits (2011)

This paper investigates a novel method of transmitting power and data in a pair of lines by means of power/signal time division multiplexing (PS-TDM). The principle of the PS-TDM system, including the system structure and definition of the transmission time slot, is introduced. The circuits and communication method are discussed in detail. At last, a novel soft-switching circuit is employed to solve the transmission line reflection problem which is initiated by the mismatch of transmission line. The effectiveness of this method is verified by experimental result.
Linear-wavenumber spectrometer for high-speed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (2009)

An equidistant (in the wavenumber) spectrometer based on a diffraction grating, a compensation prism, and a CCD linear array is developed and implemented for spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. A criterion is introduced for estimating the level of residual nonequidistance. This criterion allows one to determine the threshold compensation level necessary for obtaining the spectrally limited spatial resolution. The method is tested in spectral-domain optical coherent tomography systems at wavelengths of 1270 and 830 nm.
Linear Stabilization of a DC Bus Supplying a Constant Power Load: A General Design Approach (2009)

In this paper, an oscillation compensation technique is proposed to improve the stability margin of an electrical system constituted by a dc power supply, an LC filter, and a constant power load. This is realized here by an actuator (inverter-permanent-magnet synchronous motor). To design the compensator, input impedance of the constant power load and output impedance of the filter are required and derived in this paper. To develop the load input impedance expression, small signal approximation is employed and all dynamics are taken into account except by the inverter ones only, which can often be neglected in practical applications. Then, the control structure of the whole system is slightly modified to implement the oscillation compensation block that increases the stability margin, and thus, permits to reduce the dc-link capacitance value. In this paper, the proposed method is applied to an actuator designed for aerospace applications. The influence of the actuator control parameters and the input filter parameters on the stability of the dc-link voltage is discussed. Simulations and experimentations confirm the validity of the proposed approach.
Thromboembolism in Plastic Surgery (2005)

Thromboembolism is a dreaded complication of surgery in multiple disciplines, including plastic surgery, and deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus cause significant morbidity, even death. This article provides methods for understanding and preventing deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolus in plastic surgery.
On the Origin of the Formation and Stability of Physical Gels of Di-<i>O</i>-benzylidene-<scp>d</scp>-sorbitol (1999)

The thermal and fluorescence properties of gels formed from 1,3:2,4-di-O-benzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS) and 1,3:2,4:5,6-tri-O-benzylidene-d-sorbitol (TBS) in ethylene glycol (EG) and other alcoholic solvents were investigated. The fluorescence of the benzylidene ground state dimer was observed even in the solution state, indicating that DBS and TBS tend to aggregate in EG. The concentration dependence of the DBS−EG and TBS−EG fluorescence spectra shows that the main structures of DBS and TBS fibers are identical with one another and that each ten-member bicyclo ring overlaps with other rings: the 1,3-O-benzylidene and 2,4-O-benzylidene groups overlap with each of the other units. The fluorescence results show that some 5,6-O-benzylidene groups of TBS interacted with 1,3- and 2,4-benzylidene groups, which is the reason that TBS−EG gels are less stable than DBS−EG gels. The very slow heating of DBS−EG gels showed that needlelike crystals formed at around 370 K for DBS concentrations of 1, 5, and 10%. This indicates that the hydrogen bonding of EG with DBS fibers is cut off at around 370 K. The solvent dependence of enthalpies for melting, ΔHm, and setting, ΔHs, of DBS gels was measured. Since (i) enthalpies were not dependent on each intrinsic property of the solvent and (ii) plots of both ΔHs versus the density of hydroxy groups of the solvent and ΔHm versus the density of all the groups that can form hydrogen bonds were found to give straight lines, DBS fibers are concluded to mainly consist of DBS molecules and to be supported by solvent molecules on their surfaces.