gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Long-Lived Radionuclidic Impurities in Short-Lived Radiopharmaceutical Waste Using Gamma Spectrometry (1997)

Large hospitals and biomedical research centers utilize decay-in-storage programs to minimize the volume of their low level radioactive waste. However, some medically useful radionuclides often contain small amounts of long-lived radionuclidic impurities which may complicate simple waste management procedures. We have evaluated the extent of this problem in low level radioactive waste involving 67Cu and (111)In over a 6-mo cycle of decay-in-storage by identifying the residual radionuclides in our dry waste using a multichannel analyzer. The multichannel analyzer was also used to quantify the radionuclide constituents of our liquid waste at the beginning of a decay-in-storage cycle. Radionuclides were identified by the presence of characteristic photopeaks of each isotope in the gamma spectrum and quantified by region of interest analysis. After a decay-in-storage cycle, long-lived 58Co, 57Co, and 56Co isotopes were observed in dry 67Cu waste and (114m)In identified in dry (111)In waste. The (114m)In was detected in dry (111)In waste containing initial (114m)In activity of 740 kBq (20 microCi), while the cobalt radionuclides were detected in dry 67Cu waste containing initial 58Co, 57Co, and 56Co activities of 444, 148, and 148 kBq (12, 4, and 4 microCi), respectively. Such dry low level radioactive waste was thus disqualified from short-term radioactive waste storage programs. The radionuclide constituents in the liquid waste were quantified in microCi mL(-1) and confirmed to be within the Nuclear Regulatory Commission set limits of 2 x 10(-4), 6 x 10(-4) and 6 x 10(-5) microCi mL(-1) for 58Co, 57Co, and 56Co, respectively, before disposal. The highest levels of long-lived isotopes that have been found in our liquid low level radioactive waste at the beginning of decay-in-storage were 5.5 x 10(-4), 4.8 x 10(-4), and 1.4 x 10(-4) microCi mL(-1) for 58Co, 57Co, and 56Co, respectively. Gamma spectrometry can be used to aid waste segregation and final management decisions on low level radioactive waste.
Strategy for Repetitive Pinched Injections on a Microfluidic Device (2004)

A microfluidic valve was fabricated with a cross intersection and two tee intersections in close proximity and evaluated for repetitive pinched injections. Electrokinetic forces were used to mobilize the sample and control diffusive transport at a cross intersection to produce sample plugs of short axial extent in an analysis channel similar to the standard pinched valve. The addition of a tee intersection in the sample channel maintained the sample close to the injection valve under "pullback"conditions allowing more rapid loading into the cross intersection. A second tee intersection allowed unidirectional transport in the analysis channel enabling loading of subsequent injections during an analysis. The two tee intersections were each located 80 microm from the cross intersection. Injection frequencies of 1, 2.5, 5, and 10 Hz were tested with a duty cycle of 0.5 for sample loading and dispensing. With 1 kV applied to the microchip during dispensing, the relative standard deviation of the peak areas for 15 injections was 1.6%. The peak width (4sigma) for the repetitive injections increased from 71 to 96 microm compared to a standard pinched injection due to the presence of the tee intersection in the analysis channel.
Digital Light Deflection and Electro-Optical Laser Scanning for STED Nanoscopy (2018)

Electro-optical deflectors provide a very attractive means of laser scanning in coordinate-targeted super-resolution microscopy due to their high scanning precision and high scanning velocity. Setups equipped with electro-optical deflectors demonstrate especially high resolving powers, fast imaging and reduced photobleaching. \n\nTwo major shortcomings limit a widespread application of such devices. Their polarizing properties prevent de-scanning causing either a loss in signal or an increased background signal and the restricted deflection angles severely narrow the field of view. \n\nHerein, I report solutions to both of these problems. The polarization issue is evaded via a passive polarization rectifier that allows unpolarized light to pass the laser scanner. The field of view is nearly doubled through a digital light deflector composed of a Pockels cell and a Wollaston prism. This principle could be extended by N stages of the same kind yielding a field of view enlargement by a factor of 2^N. Thus, the work at hand paves the way for ultrafast electro-optical laser scanning with a large field of view.
Classification of sparse and irregularly sampled time series with mixtures of expected Gaussian kernels and random features (2015)

This paper presents a kernel-based framework for classification of sparse and irregularly sampled time series. The properties of such time series can result in substantial uncertainty about the values of the underlying temporal processes, while making the data difficult to deal with using standard classification methods that assume fixed-dimensional feature spaces. To address these challenges, we propose to first re-represent each time series through the Gaussian process (GP) posterior it induces under a GP regression model. We then define kernels over the space of GP posteriors and apply standard kernel-based classification. Our primary contributions are (i) the development of a kernel between GPs based on the mixture of kernels between their finite marginals, (ii) the development and analysis of extensions of random Fourier features for scaling the proposed kernel to large-scale data, and (iii) an extensive empirical analysis of both the classification performance and scalability of our proposed approach.
Megahertz-range guided pure torsional wave transduction and experiments using a magnetostrictive transducer (2010)

This work is concerned with high-frequency guided torsional wave experiments in the range of 1 to 2 MHz in a cylindrical waveguide. A specially configured meander coil-magnetostrictive patch transducer was developed and successful experimental results of generation and measurement of guided pure torsional waves of up to 2 MHz were achieved. The usefulness of the developed method was demonstrated through a case study to detect a small-sized crack which would be otherwise difficult to identify with a lower-frequency torsional wave.
Time-delay phase shifter controlled by piezoelectric transducer on coplanar waveguide (2003)

A time-delay phase shifter controlled by piezoelectric transducer (PET) is realized on a coplanar waveguide (CPW). The effective dielectric constant, propagation constant, etc., of the CPW are varied by the perturbation controlled by a PET. Compared to the perturbation on a microstrip line, published previously, the new CPW device provides 50% more phase shift.
Automatic discrimination of text and non-text natural images (2015)

With the rapid growth of image and video data, there comes an interesting yet challenging problem: How to organize and utilize such large volume of data? Textual content in images and videos is an important source of information, which can be of great usefulness and assistance. Therefore, we investigate in this paper the problem of text image discrimination, which aims at distinguishing natural images with text from those without text. To tackle this problem, we propose a method that combines three mature techniques in this area, namely: MSER, CNN and BoW. To better evaluate the proposed algorithm, we also construct a large benchmark for text image discrimination, which includes natural images in a variety of scenarios. This algorithm has proven to be both effective and efficient, thus it can serve as a tool for mining valuable textual information from huge amount of image and video data.
Feminina finanser. Om finansieringens betydelse för svensk kvinnorörelses verksamhet på 1920-talet (2003)

Feminina finanser : Om finansieringens betydelse for svensk kvinnororelses verksamhet pa 1920-talet
A Scalable Formulation of Probabilistic Linear Discriminant Analysis: Applied to Face Recognition (2013)

In this paper, we present a scalable and exact solution for probabilistic linear discriminant analysis (PLDA). PLDA is a probabilistic model that has been shown to provide state-of-the-art performance for both face and speaker recognition. However, it has one major drawback: At training time estimating the latent variables requires the inversion and storage of a matrix whose size grows quadratically with the number of samples for the identity (class). To date, two approaches have been taken to deal with this problem, to 1) use an exact solution that calculates this large matrix and is obviously not scalable with the number of samples or 2) derive a variational approximation to the problem. We present a scalable derivation which is theoretically equivalent to the previous nonscalable solution and thus obviates the need for a variational approximation. Experimentally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our approach in two ways. First, on labeled faces in the wild, we illustrate the equivalence of our scalable implementation with previously published work. Second, on the large Multi-PIE database, we illustrate the gain in performance when using more training samples per identity (class), which is made possible by the proposed scalable formulation of PLDA.
The Evaluation of Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetics of Anti-thrombin DNA Aptamer RA-36 (2017)

Anticoagulants are a vital class of drugs, which are applied for short-term surgical procedures, and for long-term treatments for thrombosis prevention in high risk groups. Several anticoagulant drugs are commercially available, but all have intrinsic disadvantages, e.g. bleeding risks, as well as specific ones, e.g. immune response to peptide/protein drugs. Therefore, the search for novel, efficient and safe anticoagulants is essential. Nucleic acid aptamers are an emerging class of contemporary pharmaceuticals which are fully biocompatible and biodegradable; they have low toxicity, and are as efficient as many protein-based drugs. The anti-thrombin DNA aptamer RA-36 has been created using a combination of rational design and molecular dynamics, showing several extra-features over existing aptamers. Aptamer RA-36 has a bimodular structure; the first G-quadruplex binds and inhibits thrombin, whereas the second G-quadruplex varies the properties of the first. This bimodular structure provides a favorable dose-effect dependence allowing the risk of bleeding to be potentially decreased. Here, the results of efficiency trials of the aptamer are presented. The aptamer RA-36 has a distinctive species specificity; therefore, the careful selection of experimental animals was required. The anticoagulant activity was characterized in rats and monkeys in vivo. Antithrombotic activity was evaluated in the live murine model of the induced thrombosis. Pharmacokinetics was estimated by tracking radionuclide labeled aptamer in rats. The aptamer was thoroughly characterized using bivalirudin as a reference drug. Despite the different profiles of anticoagulant activity, these two compounds could refer to each other, and the corresponding doses could be estimated. Bivalirudin turned out to have 10-fold higher anticoagulant and antithrombotic activity. The difference in activity is easy to explain due to the pharmacokinetic profiles of the substances: the aptamer RA-36 has 20-fold faster elimination from blood with a half-life of 1 minute. The entire dataset revealed that the non-modified DNA aptamer could be an alternative to the currently used bivalent peptide inhibitor; the dosage profile could be improved by manipulating aptamer pharmacokinetics. The study has revealed aptamer RA-36 to be one of the most promising candidates for further development as a new generation of anticoagulants.
A Novel Method for PD Feature Extraction of Power Cable with Renyi Entropy (2015)

Partial discharge (PD) detection can effectively achieve the status maintenance of XLPE (Cross Linked Polyethylene) cable, so it is the direction of the development of equipment maintenance in power systems. At present, a main method of PD detection is the broadband electromagnetic coupling with a high-frequency current transformer (HFCT). Due to the strong electromagnetic interference (EMI) generated among the mass amount of cables in a tunnel and the impedance mismatching of HFCT and the data acquisition equipment, the features of the pulse current generated by PD are often submerged in the background noise. The conventional method for the stationary signal analysis cannot analyze the PD signal, which is transient and non-stationary. Although the algorithm of Shannon wavelet singular entropy (SWSE) can be used to analyze the PD signal at some level, its precision and anti-interference capability of PD feature extraction are still insufficient. For the above problem, a novel method named Renyi wavelet packet singular entropy (RWPSE) is proposed and applied to the PD feature extraction on power cables. Taking a three-level system as an example, we analyze the statistical properties of Renyi entropy and the intrinsic correlation with Shannon entropy under different values of α . At the same time, discrete wavelet packet transform (DWPT) is taken instead of discrete wavelet transform (DWT), and Renyi entropy is combined to construct the RWPSE algorithm. Taking the grounding current signal from the shielding layer of XLPE cable as the research object, which includes the current pulse feature of PD, the effectiveness of the novel method is tested. The theoretical analysis and experimental results show that compared to SWSE, RWPSE can not only improve the feature extraction accuracy for PD, but also can suppress EMI effectively.
Bandwidth enhancement of coupled‐fed on‐board printed PIFA using bypass radiating strip for eight‐band LTE/WWAN slim mobile phone (2010)

Abstract By connecting a bypass radiating strip to the radiating portion of a coupled‐fed on‐board printed PIFA (planar inverted‐F antenna), significant bandwidth enhancement can be obtained.The bypass radiating strip provides a bypass for the excited surface currents of the printed PIFA, which leads to more uniform surface current distributions on the printed PIFA. This behavior can result in slow variations in the antenna's input impedance over the operating bands, which makes it very promising to achieve improved impedance matching; thus, enhanced bandwidths of the printed PIFA are obtained. In this study, with a small footprint to be printed on the no‐ground portion of 15 × 48 mm 2 in the system circuit board of the mobile phone, the proposed on‐board printed antenna is especially suitable for slim mobile phone applications and can generate two wide operating bands to respectively cover the LTE700/GSM850/900 operation (698–960 MHz) and the GSM1800/1900/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 operation (1710–2690 MHz). The proposed antenna held by the user's hand and attached to the user's head is also tested for its SAR values over the eight operating bands. Measured and simulated results are presented. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 2059–2065, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25406
Adapting deep RankNet for personalized search (2014)

RankNet is one of the widely adopted ranking models for web search tasks. However, adapting a generic RankNet for personalized search is little studied. In this paper, we first continue-trained a variety of RankNets with different number of hidden layers and network structures over a previously trained global RankNet model, and observed that a deep neural network with five hidden layers gives the best performance. To further improve the performance of adaptation, we propose a set of novel methods categorized into two groups. In the first group, three methods are proposed to properly assess the usefulness of each adaptation instance and only leverage the most informative instances to adapt a user-specific RankNet model. These assessments are based on KL-divergence, click entropy or a heuristic to ignore top clicks in adaptation queries. In the second group, two methods are proposed to regularize the training of the neural network in RankNet: one of these methods regularize the error back-propagation via a truncated gradient approach, while the other method limits the depth of the back propagation when adapting the neural network. We empirically evaluate our approaches using a large-scale real-world data set. Experimental results exhibit that our methods all give significant improvements over a strong baseline ranking system, and the truncated gradient approach gives the best performance, significantly better than all others.
Wittig: Fortune Favors the Prepared Mind (1980)

The 1979 Nobel Prize for Chemistry has been awarded jointly to Georg Wittig of the University of Heidelberg and Herbert C. Brown of Purdue University for their separate work in organic synthesis. Wittig's major achievement was the development of a highly specific method for the synthesis of olefins. Brown found major new routes to add substituents to olefins selectively. Both employed elements that had found little previous use in organic synthesis, and both prospered by following up on unexpected observations.
Effect of Excimer Laser on Microbiological Organisms (1988)

The effect of radiation emitted from an excimer laser filled with argon fluoride gas at 193 nm on Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, Hemophilus influenzae, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger (collectively labeled "the microorganisms") was examined. Colonies were subjected to a variable number of radiation pulses from the excimer laser applied after a 36-hour period of incubation at 37 degrees C, at which time the colonies were fully grown and showed no viability. The lack of viability was confirmed with a subculture from each area that received radiation; all subcultures were negative. The characteristics of the radiation paralleled those used by Serdavic, Darrell, Krueger, et al in 1985.(1) This radiation treatment is believed to be within a therapeutic range, which suggests that the excimer laser, pending further investigation, may be useful in the treatment of corneal infections.
Patch antennas on externally perforated high dielectric constant substrates (1999)

Smaller physical size and wider bandwidth are two antenna engineering goals of great interest in the wireless world. To this end, the concept of external substrate perforation is applied to patch antennas in this paper. The goal was to overcome the undesirable features of thick and high dielectric constant substrates for patch antennas without sacrificing any of the desired features, namely, small element size and bandwidth. The idea is to use substrate perforation exterior to the patch to lower the effective dielectric constant of the substrate surrounding the patch. This change in the effective dielectric constant has been observed to help mitigate the unwanted interference pattern of edge diffraction/scattering and leaky waves. The numerical data presented in this paper were generated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) technique. Using this numerical method, a patch antenna was simulated on finite-sized ground planes of two different substrate thicknesses, with and without external substrate perforation. The computations showed the directivity drop in the radiation pattern caused by substrate propagation was noticeably improved by introducing the substrate perforation external to the patch for the case of a patch antenna on a relatively thick substrate without any loss of bandwidth. Measurements of a few patch antennas fabricated on high dielectric constant substrates with and without substrate perforation are included for completeness. Good correlation between the computed results and measurements is observed.
Effects of loudness cues on respiration in individuals with Parkinson's disease (2007)

Individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) demonstrate low vocal intensity (hypophonia) which results in reduced speech intelligibility. We examined the effects of three cues to increase loudness on respiratory support in individuals with PD. Kinematic data from the rib cage and abdomen were collected using respiratory plethysmography while participants read a short passage. Individuals with PD and normal age- and sex-matched controls (OC) increased sound pressure level (SPL) to a similar extent. As compared to OC, individuals with PD used larger rib cage volume excursions in all conditions. Further, they did not slow their rate of speech in noise as OC speakers did. Respiratory strategies used to support increased loudness varied with the cue, but the two groups did not differ in the strategies used. When asked to target a specific loudness, both groups used more abdominal effort than at comfortable loudness. Speaking in background noise resulted in the largest increase in SPL with the most efficient respiratory patterns, suggesting that natural or implicit cues may be best when treating hypophonia in individuals with PD. Data demonstrate the possibility that both vocal loudness and speech rate are impacted by cognitive mechanisms (attention or self-perception) in individuals with PD.
Myotube Formation is Delayed but not Prevented in MyoD-deficient Skeletal Muscle: Studies in Regenerating Whole Muscle Grafts of Adult Mice (2000)

We compared the time course of myogenic events in vivo in regenerating whole muscle grafts in MyoD(-/-) and control BALB/c adult mice using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemistry with antibodies to desmin and myosin revealed a striking delay by about 3 days in the formation of myotubes in MyoD(-/-) autografts compared with BALB/c mice. However, myotube formation was not prevented, and autografts in both strains appeared similar by 8 days. Electron microscopy confirmed myotube formation in 8- but not 5-day MyoD(-/-) grafts. This pattern was not influenced by cross-transplantation experiments between strains examined at 5 days. Antibodies to proliferating cell nuclear antigen demonstrated an elevated level of replication by MyoD(-/-) myoblasts in autografts, and replication was sustained for about 3 days compared with controls. These data indicate that the delay in the onset of differentiation and hence fusion is related to extended proliferation of the MyoD(-/-) myoblasts. Overall, although muscle regeneration was delayed it was not impaired in MyoD(-/-) mice in this model.
Packing for Control of Hepatic Hemorrhage (1986)

From July 1978 to July 1985, 1,348 patients with hepatic injuries were treated. During this period, 66 patients (5.3% or 9.4 patients/year) required perihepatic packing. Penetrating wounds accounted for 77.2% of injuries requiring packing. Seventeen patients died in the operating room from massive hepatic and other intra-abdominal injuries and were excluded from further analysis. Perihepatic packing was inserted in 41 patients at a first operation and at a second or third operation in eight others. The major indications for packing were post-repair coagulopathies (85.5%) and extensive subcapsular hematomas or capsular avulsion (12.2%). Packing was removed from 28 surviving patients (28/49 = 57.1%) at an average of 3.7 days following insertion. Pack removal was accomplished by laparotomy in 24 patients (85.7%) and extraction through a hole in the body wall in four others. Ten postoperative intra-abdominal fluid collections, hematomas, or abscesses occurred in nine patients (9/49 = 18.4%) surviving the first operation. Perihepatic packing continues to be a life-saving adjunct in a highly selected group of patients with the most severe hepatic injuries and nonmechanical bleeding at the completion of repairs or extensive subcapsular hematomas.
Tentorial branch of the superior cerebellar artery (2011)

Knowledge of the tentorial branch of the SCA is important as it may potentially be sectioned during division of the tentorium or avulsed from its origin in the SCA during surgical manipulation in the ambient cistern.