gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced pattern correction method for fabricating highly accurate reticles (2002)

We have investigated a new pattern correction method for reducing pattern critical dimension (CD) errors due to a variety of pattern layouts and densities. Together with conventional proximity effect correction and fogging functions in an electron beam (EB) writing process, the new pattern correction was introduced for correcting CD errors that occur during a dry etching process. A rule-based OPC software was used to modify EB pattern shapes. In addition to the spaces between neighboring patterns, the surrounding pattern density was chosen as a correction parameter. First, we optimized the pattern correction table by measuring the CDs of various symmetric 3 lines with 5 levels of surrounding pattern densities. Next, we applied the pattern correction to semi real device patterns. From the measurement for 100 patterns of them, CD uniformity of 15.0 nm (3-sigma) was obtained. We confirmed the effectiveness of the pattern correction method.
Complementary Synthetic Approaches to Constitutionally Diverse N-Aminoalkylated Isoindolinones: Application to the Synthesis of Falipamil and 5-HT1A Receptor Ligand Analogues (2009)

Different synthetic approaches for the elaboration of poly and diversely substituted isoindolinones tailed with constitutionally diverse aminoalkylated chains have been developed. The key step is based upon the preliminary assembly of the isoindoli­none template equipped with hydroxyalkyl appendages. Subsequent manipulation of the terminal hydroxy functionality afforded the targeted compounds and the synthetic utility of these approaches has been emphasized by the synthesis of the bradycardic agent falipamil and 5-HT1A receptor ligand analogues.
Utilization of Flaked Cracked Corn by Steers with Observations on Starch Modification (1968)

Digestibility, net energy, rate of passage and VFA trials were conducted with steers fed fattening rations composed of 70 to 80% corn that had been processed in various ways. Starch modification by processing was also investigated. Flaking corn as compared to cracking corn resulted in (1) partial starch granule loss of birefringence; (2) increased water uptake by, and decreased specific gravity of, the soaked corn particles; (3) a 9 hr. faster rate of passage through the alimentary tract; (4) a 4 to 6% increase in dry matter digestibility of the corn; (5) no difference in ratios of VFA in the rumen; (6) decrease-energy losses as methane gas; and (7) an estimated increase in energy retention of from 6 to 10%. Other related observations on the method of processing and the resulting utilization are discussed.
Analysis of Linear Head Accelerations from Collegiate Football Impacts (2006)

Sports-related concussions result in 300,000 brain injuries in the United States each year. We conducted a study utilizing an in-helmet system that measures and records linear head accelerations to analyze head impacts in collegiate football. The Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System is an in-helmet system with six spring-mounted accelerometers and an antenna that transmits data via radio frequency to a sideline receiver and laptop computer system. A total of 11,604 head impacts were recorded from the Virginia Tech football team throughout the 2003 and 2004 football seasons during 22 games and 62 practices from a total of 52 players. Although the incidence of injury data are limited, this study presents an extremely large data set from human head impacts that provides valuable insight into the lower limits of head acceleration that cause mild traumatic brain injuries.
Time-Dependent User Profiling for TV Recommendation (2012)

TV is one of the most important sources of media content consumption. The large amount of TV channels and programs have overwhelm audiences. It poses difficulties for viewers in finding their preferred programs. Tools for searching TV programs such as TV guides and PreVue channel are designed for general public and do not provide personalized recommendation. Developing an effective recommender system for TV is challenging because a TV is often shared by multiple people (e.g., family members) without login, and thus it is hard to acquire individual TV watch log, which is crucial to build an effective recommendation. Existing recommender systems for social networks or web commerce are devised for handling one user per account, and thus are not proper for TV recommender system. This paper proposes a time dependent user profiling technique. Particularly, we do time based analysis in which we first split watch log into certain time slots, and re-merge consecutive time slots by using a clustering technique. Evaluation results show that the proposed method produces higher accuracy than a typical profiling technique.
The equivalence of zero span and zero semispan (1984)

In this paper we introduce the idea of the symmetric span of a continuum, and show that continua with zero symmetric span are in class <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. Continua with zero span have zero symmetric span, but the converse does not hold. We also show that if every subcontinuum of the continuum <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> is in class <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper W"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>W</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">W</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> then the span of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> and the semispan of <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper M"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mi>M</mml:mi> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">M</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula> agree. These results are then applied to show that the properties of having zero span and of having zero semispan are equivalent.
The Wnt modulator sFRP2 enhances mesenchymal stem cell engraftment, granulation tissue formation and myocardial repair (2008)

Cell-based therapies, using multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for organ regeneration, are being pursued for cardiac disease, orthopedic injuries and biomaterial fabrication. The molecular pathways that regulate MSC-mediated regeneration or enhance their therapeutic efficacy are, however, poorly understood. We compared MSCs isolated from MRL/MpJ mice, known to demonstrate enhanced regenerative capacity, to those from C57BL/6 (WT) mice. Compared with WT-MSCs, MRL-MSCs demonstrated increased proliferation, in vivo engraftment, experimental granulation tissue reconstitution, and tissue vascularity in a murine model of repair stimulation. The MRL-MSCs also reduced infarct size and improved function in a murine myocardial infarct model compared with WT-MSCs. Genomic and functional analysis indicated a downregulation of the canonical Wnt pathway in MRL-MSCs characterized by significant up-regulation of specific secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs). Specific knockdown of sFRP2 by shRNA in MRL-MSCs decreased their proliferation and their engraftment in and the vascular density of MRL-MSC-generated experimental granulation tissue. These results led us to generate WT-MSCs overexpressing sFRP2 (sFRP2-MSCs) by retroviral transduction. sFRP2-MSCs maintained their ability for multilineage differentiation in vitro and, when implanted in vivo, recapitulated the MRL phenotype. Peri-infarct intramyocardial injection of sFRP2-MSCs resulted in enhanced engraftment, vascular density, reduced infarct size, and increased cardiac function after myocardial injury in mice. These findings implicate sFRP2 as a key molecule for the biogenesis of a superior regenerative phenotype in MSCs.
The Interaction of Bilirubin with Human Serum Albumin (1973)

The interaction of bilirubin with de‐fatted human serum albumin has been studied by circular dichroism and spectrofluorimetry. From the dependence of the induced circular dichroism of the bilirubin on the ratio of protein to bilirubin, it is shown that in the presence of salt (0.5 M sodium chloride) there are two binding sites with markedly different optical characteristics. From an analysis of the profiles of ellipticity as a function of protein: bilirubin ratio, association constants of 7 and 0.3 μM −1 at pH 8.5 were derived. At low salt concentrations qualitatively similar binding profiles are obtained with a marked maximum of ellipticity at a protein: bilirubin ratio of about 1. These cannot however be adequately accounted for with only two binding sites. The addition of a third site allows the data to be fitted over the entire concentration range at all wavelengths tested, with association constants falling in the range 10–0.01 μM −1 . When bilirubin is bound to albumin, the fluorescence of the protein is quenched and that of the bilirubin is enhanced. The Fluorescence characteristics of the binding sites are shown to be different: the weaker sites, which have lower fluorescence, but higher circular dichroism than the stronger, are relatively much more labile to salt. The pH‐dependence of the optical properties reveals the presence of a state defined by a plateau at between pH 8 and 9, another by a plateau centred at about pH 6.5, and another, the appearance of which is associated with the N–F transition of the protein, and which exists only within an extremely narrow pH range, at about pH 4. The pH at which the minimum occurs undergoes a large shift with salt concentration. This state is characterised by an extremely large circular dichroism (effective molar ellipticity ‐5 × 10 5 deg. cm 2 · dmol −1 ), opposite in sign to the system of Cotton effects observed at higher pH. This complex shows no fluorescence enhancement. The system shows large hysteresis, satisfactory results being obtained only when the complex is first formed by equilibration at pH 8–9 at low ionic strength. Under other conditions the self‐association of the bilirubin evidently prevents the attainment of equilibrium, and vitiates any attempts at analysis of the binding equilibria. The competition of oleate ions with the bilirubin binding sites has been studied. Circular dichroism, under physiological conditions, of human serum containing bilirubin shows that the binding of the bilirubin by albumin alone at the corresponding ionic strength and pH defines the state of the ligand in the plasma.
Thyroid screening in the newborn: Utah experience. (1983)

Since 1979, the State Department of Health Laboratory of Utah has screened 108,256 newborn infants for hypothyroidism. The incidence of diagnosed hypothyroid children during this period was 1 per 3,800 live births. Utilizing a normal range of serum thyroid hormone levels in newborn infants of 8.0 to 26.0 micrograms per dl, the incidence of normal infants initially considered hypothyroid was less than one percent. A review of our three years experience is presented.
The Reaction of <i>trans</i>-&pi;-Oxocamphor and some other Aldehydes with Thiols (1956)

The reaction of mercaptoacetamide or cysteine with trans-π-oxocamphor, a respiratory and cardiac stimulant, was studied together with comparative examination with some other aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes. trans-π-Oxocamphor, 10-oxocamphor, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde mixed with mercaptoacetamide in their alcoholic solution gave 2-substituted thiazolidone derivatives (formula C) under dehydrative ring formation. On the other hand, the aromatic aldehydes, benzaldehyde, p-nitrobenzaldehyde, and p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde, under the same mild conditions, formed only hemimercaptal compounds (formula A), which were however transformed into the corresponding thiazolidones on treatment with anhydrous zinc chloride. 2-(trans-π-Apocamphoryl)-4-carboxythiazolidine (XI) obtained from d-trans-π-oxocamphor and l-cysteine considerably dissociates in the aqueous solution into its components, and no noticeable formation of the addition product was observed in the solution of 2×10-4 M of both components (Fig. 2).
New developments in CIGS thin-film solar cell technology (2003)

Thin-film solar modules based on Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ (ClGS) are on the way to mass production. ZSW is operating a line for 0.3 m /spl times/ 0.3 m modules in which all process steps - from glass cleaning to module encapsulation - are being developed. Especially new materials and processes are transferred from cells to the module level. In Wuerth Solar's production line for 0.7 m/sup 2/ modules, progress has been made with industrial processing and real products. The presentation will give an overview of the module technology. The focus is on the new developments for modules with areas < 0.1 m/sup 2/.
Benchmark your institution against peer institutions nationwide (2016)

If there's one word that describes postsecondary institutions in the United States, it's diverse. First-year undergraduate students in 2014–15 could choose from 4,207 degree-granting institutions, according to The Condition of Education, 2016, published by the National Center for Education Statistics.
Virtual pelvic anatomy and surgery simulator: an innovative tool for teaching pelvic surgical anatomy. (2009)

Pelvic three-dimensional (3-D) anatomy is complex and can be difficult to visualize. We have developed an alpha-version virtual anatomic model that will facilitate a) student learning of anatomy b) resident preparedness for operation, c) surgical planning for complex, multidisciplinary procedures. This educational module is composed of the virtual anorectum, an anatomically accurate, interactive model of the anorectum and pelvic viscera based on co-registered human computed tomographic (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. It also consists of a physical model fabricated from the same data-set using stereolithography. Usability and functionality was assessed in a sample of surgical trainees. Feedback demonstrated that the module is an efficient adjunct to medical education and surgical planning. Ultimately, we envision a deformable virtual model that allows residents and surgeons to rehearse complex surgical procedures by performing virtual surgery, thereby improving preparedness for real operations. Such a model will be integrated into a colorectal surgery educational curriculum, and in the future may represent a unique method of competency testing.
Interdiffusivities in silver-palladium composition-modulated foils (1984)

Interdiffusion coefficients were measured from the decay rate of x-ray diffraction satellite intensities at 375 °C in 13 Ag-Pd foils containing composition modulations with wavelengths between 0.94 and 5.08 nm. A sharp decrease in the interdiffusivity was observed at a wavelength of 2.3 nm and a gradual decrease between 4.0 and 5.0 nm. A screening singularity or an increase in the shear modulus (or both) are believed to be responsible for the decrease at 2.3 nm. The drop at 4.0 nm is consistent with a loss of coherency in the foils. A nonlinear regression fit to the wavelength dependence of the diffusion coefficient yielded values of the first four gradient energy coefficients for the system.
Extracellular H2O2 Induced by Oligogalacturonides Is Not Involved in the Inhibition of the Auxin-Regulated <i>rolB</i> Gene Expression in Tobacco Leaf Explants (2000)

alpha-1,4-Linked oligogalacturonides (OGs) inhibit auxin-regulated transcriptional activation of a rolB-beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene fusion in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) leaf explants (D. Bellincampi, M. Cardarelli, D. Zaghi, G. Serino, G. Salvi, C. Gatz, F. Cervone, M. M. Altamura, P. Costantino, G. De Lorenzo [1996] Plant Cell 8: 477-487). In this paper we show that inhibition by OGs is very rapid, with a short lag time, and takes place even after rolB promoter activation has initiated. OGs also induce a transient and catalase-sensitive accumulation of H(2)O(2) in the leaf explant culture medium. OGs with a degree of polymerization from 12 to 15 are required for both the inhibition of the auxin-induced rolB-driven accumulation of GUS and the induction of H(2)O(2) accumulation(.) However, OG concentration for half-maximal induction of H(2)O(2) accumulation is approximately 3-fold higher than that for half-maximal inhibition of rolB promoter activity. The inhibition of rolB promoter activity is not influenced by the addition of catalase or superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H(2)O(2) and superoxide are not involved in this effect. A fungal oligo-beta-glucan elicitor induces extracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation at comparable or higher levels than those observed with OGs, but does not prevent the auxin-induced accumulation of GUS. We conclude that H(2)O(2) produced upon treatment with OGs is not involved in the inhibition of the auxin-induced expression of the rolB gene.
A Case against Heparin Therapy of Intravascular Coagulation (1975)

Administration of a potentially dangerous drug like heparin should not be based on theroretical considerations and innumerable case reports but 1) on a firm diagnosis and 2) on a critical evaluation of the clinical benefit. The validity of criteria for the diagnosis of intravascular coagulation (IC) is discussed. It is emphasized in particular that loss of fibrinogen into extravascular spaces can only be excluded by assays of the level and disappearance rate of serum proteins not subject to the proteolytic action of thrombin or plasmin. Even when the diagnosis can be reasonably established, heparin therapy in a particular condition should only be advocated if its clinical benefit has been demonstrated in controlled clinical trails. Our conviction that heparin has as yet a small if any place in the management of patients with so-called intravascular coagulations is based mainly on two sets of arguments, one stemming from a critique of the diagnosis of IC, the other from a general attitude in the evaluation of therapeutic procedures.
Community-partnered procurement — a socially sensitive option (1997)

Urban communities need access to water and sanitation; they also need jobs. Can they carry out minor works to an acceptable standard, and at a reasonable cost?
An Acoustic Modem Featuring a Multi-Receiver and Ultra-Low Power (2015)

Wireless technology for underwater communication possesses a wide range of potential application, but it is still a relatively unexplored area in many aspects concerning modems physical design. A step towards future deployment of underwater networks is the reduction of power consumption. Therefore, asynchronous wakeup systems need to be integrated within the physical layer design while avoiding the use of additional transducers. This paper offers a practical and generic solution to adapt data reception and transmission together with asynchronous wakeup sub-systems in acoustic underwater modem architectures using a low power and low cost solution. The proposal has been implemented in a real prototype with success.
376. Isothiazoles. Part II. Isothiazolealdehydes and isothiazolyl ketones (1963)

D. Buttimore, D. H. Jones, R. Slack and K. R. H. Wooldridge, J. Chem. Soc., 1963, 2032 DOI: 10.1039/JR9630002032
A key-distribution scheme for wireless home automation networks (2004)

Wireless home automation networks are one example of how wireless technologies may soon become part of our daily life, yet security in existing products is woefully inadequate. An important problem in this area is the question of secure key distribution. We present a key-distribution scheme geared towards home automation networks, but also applicable to other networks with related properties. Our approach uses a decentralized scheme that is designed to work on resource-poor devices, allows easy addition and removal of devices and limits the workload on the end user while guaranteeing the secrecy of the exchanged keys even in the presence of subverted nodes.
Rapid Starch Synthesis Associated With Increased Respiration in Germinating Lily Pollen (1968)

In vitro studies of germinating Lilium longiflorum pollen showed that starch increased more rapidly during the first 30 minutes of incubation than during the next several hours. The period of rapid starch formation coincided with the first period of high respiration. An estimate was made of the extra ATP utilized to form extra starch during the first 30 minutes, and this estimate indicates that starch synthesis accounts for a significant portion of the initial high rate of respiration. This pattern of respiration and starch synthesis was not altered when pollen germinated in a pentaerythritol medium that could not be metabolized instead of the standard sucrose medium.Sucrose was the predominant sugar in mature lily pollen. This sugar decreased 50% during several hours incubation in pentaerythritol culture medium. Reducing sugars remained low during incubation which may indicate that sucrose breakdown is regulated by the rate of utilization of hexose units.
Antiangiogenic Treatment with Three Thrombospondin-1 Type 1 Repeats versus Gemcitabine in an Orthotopic Human Pancreatic Cancer Model (2005)

3TSR, the antiangiogenic domain of thrombospondin-1, showed comparable antitumor efficacy to gemcitabine in a human pancreatic cancer orthotopic mouse model. No synergistic effect was found when the two drugs were combined and possible reasons are discussed in detail. A delicate balance between normalization and excessive regression of tumor vasculature is important when initiating alternative combinatorial regimens for treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer.
Intramolecular B/N frustrated Lewis pairs and the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (2015)

The FLP species 1-BR2-2-NMe2-C6H4 (R = 2,4,6-Me3C6H2, 2,4,5-Me3C6H2) reacts with H2 in sequential hydrogen activation and protodeborylation reactions to give (1-BH2-2-NMe2-C6H4)2. While reacts with H2/CO2 to give formyl, acetal and methoxy-derivatives, reacts with H2/CO2 to give C6H4(NMe2)(B(2,4,5-Me3C6H2)O)2CH2. The mechanism of CO2 reduction is considered.
Mobile 3D Representations for Device Troubleshooting (2011)

We are interested in supporting users in a real world application, that of troubleshooting malfunctioning office devices, such as printers or copiers. Basing upon findings from case studies of troubleshooting activities that we conducted, we are constructing a Mixed Reality troubleshooting system. The system allows end-users to try to solve the problem they are experiencing with the device by themselves, with online support available on the device, or by collaborating with a remote troubleshooter. The architecture of the system is centered on a 3D representation of the device augmented with status data of the actual device coming from its internal sensors. The 3D representation is provided to the end-users on the device screen and to the remote troubleshooters on their desktops and it offers a number of means to interact with it providing help for troubleshooting the device. The main purpose of this paper is to illustrate a new interaction mode with the virtual representation for the end-users that we are designing for our system and that is based on the use of a detachable device screen.