gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of dentinal tubule orientation on the removal of smear layer by root canal Irrigants (1990)

Summary. Fifteen anterior teeth and 15 artificial canals obtained from five molar teeth were used in this study. The artificial and natural canals were instrumented with K‐files and then divided into three groups. The first group was irrigated with 20 ml saline, the second with 20 ml EDTA, and the third with 10ml EDTA followed by 10ml NaOCl solution. Following this experimental procedure, all canals were split and examined in a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the smear layers in both artificial and natural canals were similar in appearance and responded similarly to all irrigation solutions. In addition, in the artificial canals, it was observed that the dentinal tubule orientation had no detectabie effect on formation and removal of smear layers.
Generation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies Specific to <i>Drosophila presenilin</i> (2009)

The development of a monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific to Drosophila presenilin (Psn) proteins in vivo was the major aim of this study, since the absence of specific antibodies recognizing Psn proteins hampered our progress in understanding Psn functions during development, differentiation, and pathogenesis. By dot blot and immunofluorescence screenings, we found that MAb Psn2G6 specifically recognized Psn proteins in wing imaginal discs and brains of wild-type control W1118 larvae. MAb Psn2G6 also transgenically expressed a long form of wild-type Psn (Psn + 14 WT) proteins in wing imaginal discs of two independent transgenic lines. Transgenic expression of Psn + 14 WT proteins in psn(B3) larvae completely rescued the expression patterns of Psn proteins and the development of wing imaginal discs. In addition, neural hyperplasia observed in wing imaginal discs of psn(B3) larvae was also suppressed.
1-MILLION DROPLET ARRAY FOR HIGH-DYNAMIC-RANGE DIGITAL MICROFLUIDICS (2010)

2field of view fluorescence imaging setup to perform quantitative digital biology analysis. Compared to previous works, this high density digital biology reactor array yields a twofold increase in real-time monitoring reactor number, thereby simultaneously increasing throughput and dynamic range.
<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection: update on emerging antibiotic treatment options and antibiotic resistance (2010)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of identifiable diarrhea in hospitalized patients. The incidence and severity of CDIs are increasing. The increased incidence and severity of the disease has sparked interest in the optimal treatment of CDI as well as the use of new therapies and drug discovery. Current treatment strategies are inadequate with decreased response rates to metronidazole, and high recurrence rates with the use of metronidazole and oral vancomycin. Although incidence rates continue to be low, in vitro resistance to antibiotics used for the treatment of CDI has been noted. Recently, important data has emerged on new anti-C. difficile antibiotics such as rifaximin, rifalazil, fidaxomicin, nitazoxanide, tigecycline and ramoplanin. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the in vitro susceptibility and new antibiotic treatment options for CDI. This review will focus primarily on scientific studies published in the last 36 months in order to provide an up-to-date review on the topic.
HIV induces IL-6 production by human B lymphocytes. Role of IL-4 (1992)

In vitro, normal B cells can produce TNF-alpha and IL-6 when activated with a first signal, and cytokines and B lymphocytes from some HIV-infected individuals spontaneously secrete TNF-alpha and IL-6, although the direct involvement of HIV has not been fully explored. In this study, we examined the effects of HIV (purified virus and a recombinant envelope protein) and various IL on TNF-alpha and IL-6 in vitro production by highly purified normal B cells. HIV alone did not induce IL-6 or TNF-alpha production by B cells from healthy subjects. HIV induced IL-6 production (500 to 1500 pg) in the presence of IL-4, with a slight production of TNF-alpha. IL-6 production occurred independently of the presence or absence of TNF-alpha in contrast with Staphylococcus aureus cowan + IL-2-activated B cells. Other IL, particularly IL-2, were unable to induce IL-6 secretion by HIV-activated B cells. In vivo-activated B cells from HIV-infected patients spontaneously produce moderate quantities of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This secretion was markedly increased by HIV, suggesting that IL-6-secreting B cells contain anti-HIV antibody-producing B cells. However, contrary to normal B cells, IL-6 production by B cells from HIV-infected patients was not further enhanced by IL-4. Then HIV itself is able to induce an autocrine production of IL-6 upon interaction with IL-4, which can contribute to the hypergammaglobulinemia and to the global B cell dysfunction observed in HIV-infected patients.
PWM control techniques for rectifier filter minimization (1984)

Minimization of input/output filters is an essential step towards manufacturing compact low cost static power supplies. Three PWM control techniques that yield substantial filter size reduction for three-phase (self-commutated) rectifiers are presented and analyzed in this paper. Filters required by typical line commutated rectifiers are used as the basis for comparison. Moreover, it is shown that in addition to filter minimization two of the proposed three control techniques improve substantially the rectifier total input power factor.
Nitric oxide inhibits the synthesis of type-II collagen without altering Col2A1 mRNA abundance: prolyl hydroxylase as a possible target (1997)

The addition of human recombinant interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) to cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes provoked the synthesis of large amounts of NO and reduced the production of type-II collagen. NG-Monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMA), an inhibitor of NO synthase, strongly suppressed the production of NO and partially relieved the inhibition of collagen synthesis in response to IL-1beta. The NO donor S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine (SNAP), on the other hand, inhibited collagen production. IL-1 lowered the abundance of Col2A1 mRNA in an NO-independent manner. Collectively, these data indicate that IL-1 suppresses collagen synthesis at two levels: a pretranslational level which is NO-independent, and a translational or post-translational level which is NO-mediated. These effects are presumably specific as L-NMA and SNAP had no effect on total protein synthesis or on the distribution of newly synthesized proteins between the cellular and extracellular compartments. Prolyl hydroxylase is an important enzyme in the post-translational processing of collagen, and its regulation and cofactor requirements suggest possible sensitivity to NO. Extracts of cells treated with IL-1 or SNAP had lower prolyl hydroxylase activity, and L-NMA was partially able to reverse the effects of IL-1. These data suggest that prolyl hydroxylase might indeed be a target for NO. Because underhydroxylated collagen monomers fail to anneal into stable triple helices, they are degraded intracellularly. Inhibition of prolyl hydroxylase by NO might thus account for the suppressive effect of this radical on collagen synthesis.
Splicing Removes the <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Transposon Tc1 from Most Mutant Pre-mRNAs (1996)

The transposable element Tc1 is responsible for most spontaneous mutations that occur in many Caenorhabditis elegans strains. We analyzed the abundance and sequence of mRNAs expressed from five different Tc1 insertions within either hlh-1 (a MyoD homolog) or unc-54 (a myosin heavy chain gene). Each of the mutants expresses substantial quantities of mature mRNA in which most or all of Tc1 has been removed by splicing. Such mRNAs contain small insertions of Tc1 sequences and/or deletions of target gene sequences at the resulting spliced junctions. Most of these mutant mRNAs do not contain premature stop codons, and many are translated in frame to produce proteins that are functional in vivo. The number and variety of splice sites used to remove Tc1 from these mutant pre-mRNAs are remarkable. Two-thirds of the Tc1-containing introns removed from hlh-1 and unc-54 lack either the 5'-GU or AG-3' dinucleotides typically found at the termini of eukaryotic introns. We conclude that splicing to remove Tc1 from mutant pre-mRNAs allows many Tc1 insertions to be phenotypically silent. Such mRNA processing may help Tc1 escape negative selection.
Electron Microscopy and Microanalysis Study of Conversion of WO<sub>x</sub> Nanowires into WS<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes (2004)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2004 in Savannah, Georgia, USA, August 1–5, 2004.
iSKIP: a fair and efficient scheduling algorithm for input-queued crossbar switches (2003)

Cell-based input-queued crossbars are widely used in networking equipments. A number of crossbar scheduling algorithms have been proposed to provide high performance scheduling. It is critical for a crossbar scheduling algorithm to be fair and efficient in real world conditions, which include the presence of over-subscribed ingress ports and the possible flow control from the egress ports. Several commonly deployed algorithms are not fair when there are ingress congestions due to over-subscription. Furthermore, these algorithms lose fairness and can even cause starvation when there is flow control or backpressure from the egress ports. We illustrate the problems in detail using the well-known iSLIP algorithm. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, iSKIP, which performs as efficiently as iSLIP in a benign environment but remains fair and starvation-free in the cases of ingress congestion and egress backpressure. The iSKIP algorithm can be implemented in fast and simple hardware. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the advantages of the iSKIP algorithm.
Starch Studies. Possible Industrial Utilization of Starch Esters (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch Studies. Possible Industrial Utilization of Starch EstersJames W. Mullen II. and Eugene PacsuCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 3, 381–384Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50399a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50399a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Inheritance of Proliferative Breast Disease in Breast Cancer Kindreds (1990)

Previous studies have emphasized that genetic susceptibility to breast cancer is rare and is expressed primarily as premenopausal breast cancer, bilateral breast cancer, or both. Proliferative breast disease (PBD) is a significant risk factor for the development of breast cancer and appears to be a precursor lesion. PBD and breast cancer were studied in 103 women from 20 kindreds that were selected for the presence of two first degree relatives with breast cancer and in 31 control women. Physical examination, screening mammography, and four-quadrant fine-needle breast aspirates were performed. Cytologic analysis of breast aspirates revealed PBD in 35% of clinically normal female first degree relatives of breast cancer cases and in 13% of controls. Genetic analysis suggests that genetic susceptibility causes both PBD and breast cancer in these kindreds. This study supports the hypothesis that this susceptibility is responsible for a considerable portion of breast cancer, including unilateral and postmenopausal breast cancer.
High-rejection wideband signal-interference microstrip filters using rat-race couplers (2006)

A new type of sharp, high-rejection wideband microstrip filter based on signal-interference techniques is reported. The proposed topology uses, for the first time, rat-race couplers operating as transversal filtering sections (TFSs). Design equations and guidelines for this TFS are provided. Furthermore, to prove its experimental usefulness, a 6.5 GHz ultra-wideband prototype has been synthesised, constructed and measured.
Sustainable Thermoplastic Elastomers from Terpene-Derived Monomers (2014)

ABA triblock polymers were prepared by living anionic polymerization of the pinene-derivable monomers α-methyl-<i>p</i>-methylstyrene and myrcene. The resulting thermoplastic elastomers displayed microphase separation at moderate molar mass, an upper service temperature about 70 °C higher than traditional petroleum-derived styrenic thermoplastic elastomers, competitive tensile strengths of up to 10 MPa, impressive ultimate elongations of up to 1300%, and remarkably low energy loss recovery attributes.
Expression of testicular genes in haematological malignancies (1999)

The gene expression of a new group of tumour antigens known as cancer/testis (CT) antigens is now well-recognized in some solid tumours. However, their expression in haematological malignancies remained unclear. In this study, we have used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot analysis to examine the presence of transcripts for the three CT antigens, NY-ESO-1, SSX2 and SCP1 in haematological malignant cells. We found that transcripts for SCP1 could be detected in 10% of myeloma, 5.7% of acute myeloid leukaemia and 23% of chronic myeloid leukaemia. In contrast, NY-ESO-1 and SSX2 were not detected in any of the 107 tumour samples.
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering from model acrylic adhesive systems (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface-enhanced Raman scattering from model acrylic adhesive systemsF. J. Boerio, P. P. Hong, P. J. Clark, and Y. OkamotoCite this: Langmuir 1990, 6, 4, 721–727Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00094a002https://doi.org/10.1021/la00094a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views283Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Survey technique for high-resolution ocean navigation (1975)

We have reported on an acoustic Doppler navigation system for ocean use in several publications [R. P. Porter, R. C. Spindel, and R. J. Jaffee, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 53, 1691–1699 (1973); R. C. Spindel, R. P. Porter, and R. J. Jaffee, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 56, 440–446 (1974)]. The system can yield navigation fixes with respect to a bottom-moored, continuous-wave, beacon net with accuracies (on a fix-to-fix basis) of a few centimeters. The system has found use in generating synthetic space-time acoustic apertures where it is necessary to track a receiver to within a fraction of an acoustic wavelength. In order to use the system to best advantage, a survey is required to determine precisely the relative positions of the beacons forming the net. We report here on a navigation system that combines a pulse transponder with a beacon to improve survey accuracy. It measures acoustic travel time between survey platform and mooring, as well as accumulated phase between survey points. Nonlinear regression techniques are employed to develop a maximum-likelihood estimator for mooring positions. An approximate covariance matrix of the estimate errors is generated, and an optimum choice of survey points is indicated. The combined system, using these selected locations for performing the survey, yields mooring coordinate errors of about ±1 m. Improved precision appears to be limited by inaccuracies in the pulse and Doppler measuring systems.
Brain 5α-dihydroprogesterone and allopregnanolone synthesis in a mouse model of protracted social isolation (2001)

Allopregnanolone (ALLO), is a brain endogenous neurosteroid that binds with high affinity to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA(A)) receptors and positively modulates the action of GABA at these receptors. Unlike ALLO, 5alpha-dihydroprogesterone (5alpha-DHP) binds with high affinity to intracellular progesterone receptors that regulate DNA transcription. To investigate the physiological roles of ALLO and 5alpha-DHP synthesized in brain, we have adopted a mouse model involving protracted social isolation. In the frontal cortex of mice, socially isolated for 6 weeks, both neurosteroids were decreased by approximately 50%. After administration of (17beta)-17-(bis-1-methyl amino carbonyl) androstane-3,5-diene-3-carboxylic acid (SKF105,111), an inhibitor of the enzyme (5alpha-reductase Type I and II) that converts progesterone into 5alpha-DHP, the ALLO and 5alpha-DHP content of frontal cortex of both group-housed and socially isolated mice decreased exponentially to 10%-20% of control values in about 30 min. The fractional rate constants (k h(-1)) of ALLO and 5alpha-DHP decline multiplied by the ALLO and 5alpha-DHP concentrations at any given steady-state estimate the rate of synthesis required to maintain that steady state. After 6 weeks of social isolation, ALLO and 5alpha-DHP biosynthesis rates were decreased to 30% of the values calculated in group-housed mice. Moreover, in socially isolated mice, the expression of 5alpha-reductase Type I mRNA and protein was approximately 50% lower than in group-housed mice whereas 3alpha-hydroxysteroid oxidoreductase mRNA expression was equal in the two groups. Protracted social isolation in mice may provide a model to investigate whether 5alpha-DHP by a genomic action, and ALLO by a nongenomic mechanism down-regulate the action of drugs acting as agonists, partial agonists, or positive allosteric modulators of the benzodiazepine recognition sites expressed by GABA(A) receptors.
Nonhospital Health Care–Associated Hepatitis B and C Virus Transmission: United States, 1998–2008 (2009)

In the United States, transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) from health care exposures has been considered uncommon. However, a review of outbreak information revealed 33 outbreaks in nonhospital health care settings in the past decade: 12 in outpatient clinics, 6 in hemodialysis centers, and 15 in long-term care facilities, resulting in 448 persons acquiring HBV or HCV infection. In each setting, the putative mechanism of infection was patient-to-patient transmission through failure of health care personnel to adhere to fundamental principles of infection control and aseptic technique (for example, reuse of syringes or lancing devices). Difficult to detect and investigate, these recognized outbreaks indicate a wider and growing problem as health care is increasingly provided in outpatient settings in which infection control training and oversight may be inadequate. A comprehensive approach involving better viral hepatitis surveillance and case investigation, health care provider education and training, professional oversight, licensing, and public awareness is needed to ensure that patients are always afforded basic levels of protection against viral hepatitis transmission.
Ultrastructural and biochemical aspects of matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization (2016)

Matrix vesicle-mediated mineralization is an orchestrated sequence of ultrastructural and biochemical events that lead to crystal nucleation and growth. The influx of phosphate ions into the matrix vesicle is mediated by several proteins such as TNAP, ENPP1, Pit1, annexin and so forth. The catalytic activity of ENPP1 generates pyrophosphate (PPi) using extracellular ATPs as a substrate, and the resultant PPi prevents crystal overgrowth. However, TNAP hydrolyzes PPi into phosphate ion monomers, which are then transported into the matrix vesicle through Pit1. Accumulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> inside matrix vesicles then induces crystalline nucleation, with calcium phosphate crystals budding off radially, puncturing the matrix vesicle's membrane and finally growing out of it to form mineralized nodules.
A digital library for geographically referenced materials (1996)

Presently, maps, aerial photos, and other material referenced in geographic terms, such as by the names of communities that appear in the material, are largely inaccessible. Much of the information is only on paper or film, and can be found only in major research libraries. There is a need to make such material more widely available. The goal of the Alexandria Project, which is based at the University of California at Santa Barbara, is to build a distributed digital library for geographically referenced material from throughout the world. The Alexandria Digital Library is scheduled to be made available to the public in July 1996. At that time, Internet users will be able to access and extract information from the ADL's large collection. To accomplish its goal, ADL will provide user interfaces and on-line catalogs that support the formulation and evaluation of geographically constrained queries.
Evaluation of image quality after implantation of 2 diffractive multifocal intraocular lens models (2009)

Both diffractive multifocal IOLs improved functional visual capacity at distance and near. Although the visual quality variables were slightly better in Group A than in Group B, the differences were not statistically significant.