gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Soil Decontamination by Radio-Frequency Heating-Field Test (1989)

This report summarizes a successful pilot test of radiofrequency soil decontamination performed at an abandoned fire training area on Volk Field ANGB WI. The results of preliminary laboratory column studies are provided as well as complete discussion of soil sampling and analytical methods. Approximately 500 cubic feet of soil was heated to a temperature of 150 C using radiofrequency energy. During the 12 days of heating, the hot vapors were collected from the soil surface and concentrated using a condenser and activated carbon. Final soil sampling showed excellent removal rates of fuel contaminants. Over 99 percent of the aromatic compounds, such as benzene, were removed from the soils. Less volatile aliphatics were reduced by over 95 percent. Provides a complete summary of operating conditions and soil decontamination results. Keywords: Volatile hazardous wastes; Field tests; Jet engine fuels; Sandy soils; Contaminants migration; Tracer studies; Cost analysis; Gasoline; Soil decontamination; Radiofrequency heating; Thermal treatment; Fire training areas; Wisconsin.
Mechanism and regulation of protein degradation in liver (1989)

The degradation of intracellular protein and other cytoplasmic macromolecules in liver is an ongoing process that regulates cytoplasmic mass and provides amino acids for energy and other metabolic uses early in starvation. Cellular proteins are conveniently divided into two general classes according to readily discernable differences in average rates of turnover. A short-lived class, having a half-life of approximately 10 min, comprises about 0.6% of total protein. Its degradation is not physiologically controlled, and the mechanism is probably nonlysosomal in nature. The second or long-lived group, with an average half-life 250 times greater, constitutes more than 99% of the cell's protein. By contrast, its breakdown is strongly regulated, and the site of catabolism is believed to be the vacuolar-lysosomal system. Cytoplasmic sequestration by lysosomes can be divided into two categories; macro- and microautophagy. The first is induced by amino acid and/or insulin deprivation. Amino acids are considered to be primary regulators, since they can control this process over the full range of induced proteolysis in the absence of hormones. Glucagon, cyclic AMP, and beta-agonists also stimulate macroautophagy in hepatocytes but have opposite effects in myocytes. Micrautophagy differs from the former in that the cytoplasmic "bite" is smaller and the uptake process is not acutely regulated. However, the latter does decrease during starvation in parallel with basal proteolysis, effects that might be linked to the loss of endoplasmic reticulum. The primary control of macroautophagy is accomplished through a small group of direct regulators (Leu, Tyr/Phe, Gln, Pro, Met, His, and Trp) and a specific coregulatory action of alanine. As a group, regulatory amino acids produce direct inhibitory responses in the perfused rat liver that are identical to those of the complete amino acid mixture at 0.5x and 4x (times) normal plasma concentrations. However, they lose effectiveness almost completely within a narrow zone centered at normal levels, a loss that can be abolished by the addition of alanine at its normal plasma concentration (0.5 mM). At this level, alanine does not inhibit directly. Interestingly, this zonal loss is also eliminated by insulin. Glucagon, though, specifically blocks the initial inhibition evoked by 0.5x amino acid mixtures and thus induces maximal rates of protein degradation at normal amino acid concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Antidepressants, Metabolites, and Apparent Drug Resistance (1990)

Antidepressant drugs are extensively metabolized prior to elimination from the body. These metabolites usually have biological and chemical properties different from those of the parent drug. This article explores the pharmacodynamic consequences of such metabolism as possibly contributing to failure to respond to or tolerate a drug. Differential side effects, especially of tricyclic antidepressant metabolites, are considered. Next, shifts in effects of presumed serotonin uptake inhibitors are described. Problems involving active metabolites of more novel compounds such as bupropion, amoxapine and trazodone range from possible reversal of response to prohibitive side effects. Finally, principles are deduced for identifying those cases in which metabolic considerations are most likely to be relevant to observed drug resistance.
A genetically encoded inhibitor of 53BP1 to stimulate homology-based gene editing (2016)

Abstract The expanding repertoire of programmable nucleases such as Cas9 brings new opportunities in genetic medicine 1–3 . In many cases, these nucleases are engineered to induce a DNA double-strand break (DSB) to stimulate precise genome editing by homologous recombination (HR). However, HR efficiency is nearly always hindered by competing DSB repair pathways such as non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ). HR is also profoundly suppressed in non-replicating cells, thus precluding the use of homology-based genome engineering in a wide variety 4 of cell types. Here, we report the development of a genetically encoded inhibitor of 53BP1 (known as TP53BP1), a regulator of DSB repair pathway choice 5 . 53BP1 promotes NHEJ over HR by suppressing end resection, the formation of 3-prime single-stranded DNA tails, which is the rate-limiting step in HR initiation. 53BP1 also blocks the recruitment of the HR factor BRCA1 to DSB sites in G1 cells 4,6 . The inhibitor of 53BP1 (or i53) was identified through the screening of a massive combinatorial library of engineered ubiquitin variants by phage display 7 . i53 binds and occludes the ligand binding site of the 53BP1 Tudor domain with high affinity and selectivity, blocking its ability to accumulate at sites of DNA damage. i53 is a potent selective inhibitor of 53BP1 and enhances gene targeting and chromosomal gene conversion, two HR-dependent reactions. Finally, i53 can also activate HR in G1 cells when combined with the activation of end-resection and KEAP1 inhibition. We conclude that 53BP1 inhibition is a robust tool to enhance precise genome editing by canonical HR pathways.
Regulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF) Bioactivity by Sequential Proteolytic Cleavage of IGF Binding Protein-4 and -5 (2007)

The biological activity of IGF-I and -II is controlled by six binding proteins (IGFBPs), preventing the IGFs from interacting with the IGF receptor. Proteolytic cleavage of IGFBPs is one mechanism by which IGF can be released to bind the receptor. The IGFBPs are usually studied individually, although the presence of more than one of the IGFBPs in most tissues suggests a cooperative function. Thus, the IGFBPs are part of regulatory networks with proteolytic enzymes in one end and the IGF receptor in the other end. We have established a model system that allows analysis of the dynamics between IGF, IGFBP-4 and -5, the IGF receptor, and the proteolytic enzyme PAPP-A, which specifically cleaves both IGFBP-4 and -5. We demonstrate different mechanisms of IGF release from IGFBP-4 and -5: cooperative binding to IGF is observed for the proteolytic fragments of IGFBP-5, but not fragments of IGFBP-4. Furthermore, we find that PAPP-A-mediated IGF-dependent cleavage of IGFBP-4 is inhibited by IGFBP-5, which sequesters IGF from IGFBP-4, and that cleavage of both IGFBP-4 and -5 is required for the release of bioactive IGF. Finally, we show that cell surface-localized proteolysis of IGFBP-4 represents the final regulatory step of efficient IGF delivery to the receptor. Our data define a regulatory system in which molar ratios between the IGFBPs and IGF and between the different IGFBPs, sequential proteolytic cleavage of the IGFBPs, and surface association of the activating proteinase are key elements in the regulation of IGF receptor stimulation.
Electronegativity-induced enhancement of thermal stability by succinonitrile as an additive for Li ion batteries (2011)

Succinonitrile (SN, CN–[CH2]2–CN) is evaluated as an additive for improving thermal stability in ethylene carbonate (EC)-based electrolytes for lithium ion batteries. Without any sacrifice of performance such as cyclability and capacity, the introduction of SN into an electrolyte with a graphite anode and LixCoO2 cathode leads to (1) reducing the amount of gas emitted at high temperature, (2) increasing the onset temperature of exothermic reactions and (3) decreasing the amount of exothermal heat. The improvement in the thermal stability is considered to be due to strong complex formation between the surface metal atoms of LixCoO2 and nitrile (–CN) groups of SN, from spectroscopic studies based on photoelectrons induced by X-rays and by considering that the exothermic heat and gas evolution are caused by interfacial reactions between the electrolyte and cathode.
Enoxaparin effect depends on body-weight and current doses may be inadequate in obese patients (2003)

Potential problem highlighted
Automating GUI Response Time Measurements in Mobile and Web Applications (2019)

The human perception of the performance of an operation while interacting with an user interface (UI) is subjective, i.e., it may depend on how the visual elements are arranged and how they respond to actions. The research for techniques for measurement of UI response time is a nontrivial task, since most of the solutions are concentrated in specific technologies. For evaluation of web pages, tools of general purpose has been used, focusing only on the download of resources and recommendations for the code structure. This paper proposes a methodology to make feasible the measurement of scenarios specified by the product designers for both web and mobile native applications with minor modifications in the automated test code. The methodology relies on using popular automation test tools originally designed for functional testing. The results found may help product owners and stakeholders to make cost-benefit analysis and make decisions about possible enhancements taking into account how the end user interacts with the application.
PWM control strategies for wind turbine inverters (2002)

This paper presents the principles of three PWM control strategies, namely the harmonic elimination control scheme, the current hysteresis control scheme and the space vector control scheme, which are used in the development of a 100 kVA IGBT wind turbine inverter. Based on the simulation and the output current waveform analysis, these three PWM control strategies are investigated and compared. The simulation results and certain field test waveforms are also provided in this paper.
Audio forensics from gunshot for firearm identification (2014)

The gunshot blast is one of the evidences used to identify the criminal gun in the shooting scene. We proposed a method of using the gunshot blast to identify the firearm caliber in terms of audio forensics. The experiments were performed on the database consisting of 80 audio files of gunshot sounds fired from 8 different guns. At first, the autocorrelation functions of the gunshot sounds were calculated and normalized in the preprocessing stage. Then the Fourier cosine coefficients could be used to reduce the fluctuation and to extract the features of gunshot sounds. In addition, the gun sounds could also be verified by evaluating the difference among the Fourier cosine coefficients of the reference, and then the gun caliber could be identified.
The adolescent, the therapist and the family: The management of external resistances to psychoanalytic therapy of adolescents (1978)

Freud stated that external resistances to analysis, the patient's family relationships, frequently interfered with therapy more than the patient's own internal resistances. This is a central problem in the treatment of adolescents. The developments of structural theory and ego psychology included concepts and methods of defense analysis for the management of internal resistances. The external resistances may also be conceptualized from the structural and adaptive points of view. This then requires the development of methods of conjoint family interviewing for the management of external resistances to the treatment of adolescents. Such interviews should be part of the initial assessment of the disturbed adolescent. They establish a working alliance not only with the adolescent but with his family. For neurotic adolescents conjoint family interviews should be resumed when the external resistances become a serious interference with treatment. For borderline adolescents, where serious disturbances over separation‐individuation are found in both adolescents and parents and profoundly interfere with adolescent development, concurrent psychoanalytic psychotherapy for the adolescent and analytic, group interpretive family treatment is indicated. Conceptualization and methods of family interviewing and family treatment concurrent with individual psychotherapy are discussed.
A Novel p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase/Elk-1 Transcription Factor-dependent Molecular Mechanism Underlying Abnormal Endothelial Cell Proliferation in Plexogenic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2013)

Plexiform lesions (PLs), the hallmark of plexogenic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), contain phenotypically altered, proliferative endothelial cells (ECs). The molecular mechanism that contributes to EC proliferation and formation of PLs is poorly understood. We now show that a decrease in intersectin-1s (ITSN-1s) expression due to granzyme B (GrB) cleavage during inflammation associated with PAH and the high p38/Erk1/2(MAPK) activity ratio caused by the GrB/ITSN cleavage products lead to EC proliferation and selection of a proliferative/plexiform EC phenotype. We used human pulmonary artery ECs of PAH subjects (EC(PAH)), paraffin-embedded and frozen human lung tissue, and animal models of PAH in conjunction with microscopy imaging, biochemical, and molecular biology approaches to demonstrate that GrB cleaves ITSN-1s, a prosurvival protein of lung ECs, and generates two biologically active fragments, an N-terminal fragment (GrB-EH(ITSN)) with EC proliferative potential and a C-terminal product with dominant negative effects on Ras/Erk1/2. The proliferative potential of GrB-EH(ITSN) is mediated via sustained phosphorylation of p38(MAPK) and Elk-1 transcription factor and abolished by chemical inhibition of p38(MAPK). Moreover, lung tissue of PAH animal models and human specimens and EC(PAH) express lower levels of ITSN-1s compared with controls and the GrB-EH(ITSN) cleavage product. Moreover, GrB immunoreactivity is associated with PLs in PAH lungs. The concurrent expression of the two cleavage products results in a high p38/Erk1/2(MAPK) activity ratio, which is critical for EC proliferation. Our findings identify a novel GrB-EH(ITSN)-dependent pathogenic p38(MAPK)/Elk-1 signaling pathway involved in the poorly understood process of PL formation in severe PAH.
Synthetic Aperture Tracking: Tracking through Occlusions (2007)

Occlusion is a significant challenge for many tracking algorithms. Most current methods can track through transient occlusion, but cannot handle significant extended occlusion when the object's trajectory may change significantly. We present a method to track a 3D object through significant occlusion using multiple nearby cameras (e.g., a camera array). When an occluder and object are at different depths, different parts of the object are visible or occluded in each view due to parallax. By aggregating across these views, the method can track even when any individual camera observes very little of the target object. Implementation- wise, the methods are straightforward and build upon established single-camera algorithms. They do not require explicit modeling or reconstruction of the scene and enable tracking in complex, dynamic scenes with moving cameras. Analysis of accuracy and robustness shows that these methods are successful when upwards of '70% of the object is occluded in every camera view. To the best of our knowledge, this system is the first capable of tracking in the presence of such significant occlusion.
Motion magnification using the Hermite transform (2015)

We present an Eulerian motion magnification technique with a spatial decomposition based on the Hermite Transform (HT). We compare our results to the approach presented in.1 We test our method in one sequence of the breathing of a newborn baby and on an MRI left ventricle sequence. Methods are compared using quantitative and qualitative metrics after the application of the motion magnification algorithm.
NAFTA's Article 1110 - Can Regulation Be Expropriation (1999)

In recent months, a number of corporate investors in Canada, the United States, and Mexico have filed claims seeking compensation for economic losses that they allegedly suffered as a result of environmental laws and other regulatory measures.These claims have sparked considerable debate and controversy. 1Environmental and labor groups argue that such claims pose a fundamental challenge to a government's ability to regulate private economic activity in the public interest. 2Some trade lawyers have defended the suits as simply enforcing an international obligation to compensate foreign investors for the expropriation of their property. 3Others, however, have expressed concern that using NAFTA's chapter 11 to challenge the traditional regulatory functions of government could lead to a political backlash and that, in response, governments may adopt a restricted interpretation of the chapter or eliminate it altogether. 4The Canadian government has proposed that NAFTA member countries adopt an interpretation of chapter 1 l's expropriation provisions, which would exclude "normal regulation" from their reach. 5However, Mexico has expressed hesitancy concerning this proposal. 6
Selective recruitment of Th2-type cells and evasion from a cytotoxic immune response mediated by viral macrophage inhibitory protein-II (2001)

The viral CC chemokine macrophage inhibitory protein-II (vMIP-II) encoded by human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8) binds to multiple chemokine receptors, however, its ability to control the initial recruitment of specific leukocyte subtypes from the peripheral circulation has not been fully clarified. Here we show that vMIP-II blocks the firm arrest and transmigration of monocytes or Th1-like T lymphocytes triggered by RANTES immobilized on activated human microvascular endothelium (HMVEC) under flow conditions. The internalization of the receptors CCR1 and CCR5 that mediate arrest and transmigration of these cells in response to RANTES was prevented by vMIP-II, supporting its role as an antagonist of CCR1 and CCR5. In contrast, vMIP-II triggered the firm arrest of eosinophils and Th2-like T cells by engaging CCR3, as confirmed by its down-regulation. Immunohistochemical analysis of HHV-8-associated Kaposi's sarcoma lesions marked by vMIP-II expression and mononuclear cell infiltration revealed a predominance of Th2-type CCR3(+) lymphocytes over Th1-type CXCR3(+)/CCR5(+) leukocytes, indicating that as a CCR3 agonist vMIP-II can drive a Th2-type immune response in vivo. Thus, our data provide evidence for a immunomodulatory role of vMIP-II in directing inflammatory cell recruitment away from a Th1-type towards a Th2-type response and thereby facilitating evasion from cytotoxic reactions.
Supplier Selection in Dynamic Environment using Analytic Hierarchy Process (2014)

In today's highly competitive business environment, the rapidly changing customer demands and with the advent of enterprise wide information systems, the managers are bound to think beyond the conventional business processes and devise new ways to squeeze out costs and improve the performance without compromising on the quality at the same time. Supplier evaluation and selection is one such area which determines the success of any manufacturing firm. Supplier selection is the problem wherein the company decides which vendor to select to have that strategic and operational advantage of meeting the customers' varying demands and fight the fierce competition. This paper presents a simple model based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to help decision makers in supplier evaluation and selection, taking into account the firm's requirements. The article is intended to help new scholars and researchers understand the AHP model and see different facets in first sight.
Motion video coding in CCITT SG XV-the video source coding (2003)

A description is given of studies of source coding in the specialists group on coding for visual telephony in CCITT SG XV. Using a macro block approach, the source coding algorithm will have the capability of operating from 64 kb/s for videophone applications up to 2 Mb/s for high-quality videoconferencing applications. The authors describe the existing reference model and the evolution toward the latest reference model (RM5), which is going to be submitted for standardization. Theoretical information is provided and some examples for possible improvements are presented for the most important techniques used in the reference model, among which are quantization, variable block size, scanning classes, loop filter, entropy coding, multiple vs. single variable-length coding, and block-type discrimination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design, Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation of Triazine Dendrimers Bearing Paclitaxel Using Ester and Ester/Disulfide Linkages (2009)

The design, synthesis, characterization, and preliminary biological assessment of three dendrimers are reported. All three dendrimers, 1-3, present twelve paclitaxel groups linked by acylation of the 2'-hydroxyl group. The linker for dendrimers 2 and 3 also includes a disulfide. Installation of the paclitaxel group relies on reacting twelve primary amines of a second generation triazine dendrimer, a scaffold available on kilogram scale, with a dichlorotriazine bearing the drug. This dichlorotriazine is available in four steps by (i) reacting paclitaxel with glutaric anhydride, (ii) activating with N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), (iii) treating the resulting ester with either 1,3-diaminopropane (for 1) or cystamine (for 2 and 3), and (iv), finally, reacting with cyanuric chloride. After reaction with the dendrimer, the resulting monochlorotriazine groups are reacted with 4-aminomethylpiperidine (AMP) and then a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) group of molecular weight 2 kDa. Two different PEG-NHS esters are employed that differ in lability. For 1 and 2, the PEG incorporates an ester-linked succinic acid group. For 3, the PEG incorporates an ether-linked acetic acid group. Both mass spectrometry and 1H NMR spectroscopy prove valuable for determining the final ratios of dendrimer:paclitaxel:AMP:PEG. These values are typically 1:12:12:9. Cytotoxicity of these constructs using an MTT-based assay and PC-3 cells reveals IC(50) values in the low nanomolar range with dithiothreitol and glutathione enhancing the toxicity of the disulfide-containing constructs 2 and 3. Preliminary toxicology assessment of 1 suggests that it is well tolerated in vivo with preferential renal clearance. The elimination half-lives of all of the dendrimers appear shorter than predicted from the previous results. Tumor localization is observed for all the three dendrimers.