gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
405 nm versus 633 nm for protoporphyrin IX excitation in fluorescence‐guided stereotactic biopsy of brain tumors (2015)

Fluorescence diagnosis may be used to improve the safety and reliability of stereotactic brain tumor biopsies using biopsy needles with integrated fiber optics. Based on 5-aminolevulinic-acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence, vital tumor tissue can be localized in vivo during the excision procedure to reduce the number of necessary samples for a reliable diagnosis. In this study, the practical suitability of two different PpIX excitation wavelengths (405 nm, 633 nm) was investigated on optical phantoms. Violet excitation at 405 nm provides a 50-fold higher sensitivity for the bulk tumor; this factor increases up to 100 with decreasing fluorescent volume as shown by ray tracing simulations. Red excitation at 633 nm, however, is noticeably superior with regard to blood layers obscuring the fluorescence. Experimental results on the signal attenuation through blood layers of well-defined thicknesses could be confirmed by ray tracing simulations. Typical interstitial fiber probe measurements were mimicked on agarose-gel phantoms. Even in direct contact, blood layers of 20-40 µm between probe and tissue must be expected, obscuring 405-nm-excited PpIX fluorescence almost completely, but reducing the 633-nm-excited signal only by 25.5%. Thus, 633 nm seems to be the wavelength of choice for PpIX-assisted detection of high-grade gliomas in stereotactic biopsy. PpIX signal attenuation through clinically relevant blood layers for 405 nm (violet) and 633 nm (red) excitation.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of α-<scp>d</scp>-Mannopyranoside-Containing Dendrimers (1998)

The extension of dendritic synthetic principles to the preparation of new kinds of dendrimer-based glycoconjugate systems has been investigated. A convergent growth approach to the synthesis of α-d-mannopyranoside-containing dendrimers of various generations has been used successfully to obtain high molecular weight and monodisperse dendrimers in which 3−36 identical copies of the mannopyranoside residues are located at their peripheries. A repetitive synthetic sequence for forming amide bonds is employed in the preparation of various dendritic wedges and their attachment to a 1,3,5-trisubstituted benzenoid core in the last step. The protecting groups on the saccharide residues are then finally removed to obtain free saccharide-containing dendrimers. The efficacy of these dendrimers in inhibiting the binding of concanavalin A lectin to a purified yeast mannan fraction (as measured by an enzyme-linked lectin assay) is shown to be about four times more pronounced on a molar basis for the dendrimers possessing nine, 18, and 36 mannose residues, when compared to a dendritic wedge possessing three mannose residues and methyl α-d-mannopyranoside as control inhibitors.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide over Pd/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalyst (2008)

Kinetics of hydrogen peroxide decomposition over Pd/SiO2 catalyst was investigated as part of a larger project to determine the overall kinetics of hydrogen peroxide formation by Pd/SiO2 catalyzed direct combination of hydrogen and oxygen. A Pd oxidative/reductive cycle mechanism for the decomposition of H2O2 over Pd/SiO2 was proposed. A Rideal−Eley rate expression based on this mechanism was shown to accurately correlate experimental data over a wide range of H2O2 concentration and temperature. This rate equation was shown to also apply in the presence of stabilizing concentrations of H2SO4.
Intra- and Inter-Fractional Variation Prediction of Lung Tumors Using Fuzzy Deep Learning (2016)

Tumor movements should be accurately predicted to improve delivery accuracy and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure to healthy tissue during radiotherapy. The tumor movements pertaining to respiration are divided into intra-fractional variation occurring in a single treatment session and inter-fractional variation arising between different sessions. Most studies of patients' respiration movements deal with intra-fractional variation. Previous studies on inter-fractional variation are hardly mathematized and cannot predict movements well due to inconstant variation. Moreover, the computation time of the prediction should be reduced. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new predictor for intra- and inter-fractional data variation, called intra- and inter-fraction fuzzy deep learning (IIFDL), where FDL, equipped with breathing clustering, predicts the movement accurately and decreases the computation time. Through the experimental results, we validated that the IIFDL improved root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 29.98% and prediction overshoot by 70.93%, compared with existing methods. The results also showed that the IIFDL enhanced the average RMSE and overshoot by 59.73% and 83.27%, respectively. In addition, the average computation time of IIFDL was 1.54 ms for both intra- and inter-fractional variation, which was much smaller than the existing methods. Therefore, the proposed IIFDL might achieve real-time estimation as well as better tracking techniques in radiotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Phase‐Transfer Reagents as C‐Terminal Protecting Groups. Facile Incorporation of Free Amino Acids or Peptides into Peptide Sequences. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recovery of Function Following Grafting of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stromal Cells into the Injured Spinal Cord (2006)

This study evaluates functional recovery after transplanting human bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSCs) into contusion models of spinal cord injury (SCI). The authors used a high-throughput process to expand BMSCs and characterized them by flow cytometry, ELISA, and gene expression. They found that BMSCs secrete neurotrophic factors and cytokines with therapeutic potential for cell survival and axon growth. In adult immune-suppressed rats, mild, moderate, or severe contusions were generated using the MASCIS impactor. One week following injury, 0.5 to 1 x 106 BMSCs were injected into the lesioned spinal cord; control animals received vehicle injection. Biweekly behavioral tests included the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan Locomotor Rating Scale (BBB), exploratory rearing, grid walking, and thermal sensitivity. Animals receiving moderate contusions followed by BMSC grafts showed significant behavioral recovery in BBB and rearing tests when compared to controls. Animals receiving BMSC grafts after mild or severe contusion showed trends toward improved recovery. Immunocytochemistry identified numerous axons passing through the injury in animals with BMSC grafts but few in controls. BMSCS were detected at 2 weeks after transplantation; however, at 11 weeks very few grafted cells remained. The authors conclude that BMSCs show potential for repairing SCI. However, the use of carefully characterized BMSCs improved transplantation protocols ensuring BMSC, survival, and systematic motor and sensory behavioral testing to identify robust recovery is imperative for further improvement.
Improvement in Floating Zone Technique (1959)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation W. G. Pfann, K. E. Benson, D. W. Hagelbarger; Improvement in Floating Zone Technique. J. Appl. Phys. 1 March 1959; 30 (3): 454–455. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1735200 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Management of New Federated Services (1997)

The explosive growth of the Internet, widespread use of the World Wide Web, and a trend towards deployment of broadband residential networks are stimulating the development of new services such as interactive shopping, home banking, and electronic commerce. These services are federated since they depend on an infrastructure that spans multiple independent control domains. Managing federated services and providing effective support to the customer of these services is difficult, because only a small part of the environment can be observed and controlled by any given authority. We characterize different dimensions of this problem, using our experience with the deployment of a system that gives the home consumer broadband access to community content as well as to the Internet. This type of system is referred to as Broadband Interactive Data Services or BIDS. We then focus on diagnosis and describe a customer support tool that was developed to partially automate diagnosis in BIDS. We use the experience with this tool to derive a blueprint for a general architecture for managing federated services. The architecture is based on service contracts between control domains.
Adaptive blind MIMO channel estimation and multiuser detection in DS-CDMA systems (2003)

A novel adaptive blind approach is developed to simultaneously equalize and estimate the MIMO channel in DS-CDMA systems. The approach consists of two phases: multiuser detection and channel estimation. For multiuser detection, a blind adaptive space-time scheme developed in Kwak and Lu (1998) is employed to suppress the multiuser interference (MUI) or multiple access interference (MAI). The receiver consists of a space-time array and a decorrelator. The blind adaptive procedure is implemented using the constant modulus algorithm (CMA) and the decision directed algorithm (DDA). For channel estimation, the respread sequences of decision symbols are used as references. The MIMO (multi-input multi-output) channels are estimated (also blindly) using minimum mean square error estimation (MMSE). The adaptation to the varying environment or signals is implemented using the stochastic gradient method.
Loss of Imprinting in Disease Progression in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1998)

Abstract The pathophysiologic role of the Philadelphia chromosome translocation in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has been known for nearly 20 years. However, the most significant morbidity and mortality in CML are caused by progression to blast crisis, about which comparatively little is known at the molecular level. Genomic imprinting is a chromosomal modification leading to parental-origin–specific gene expression in somatic cells. Recently, we and others have described loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor-II gene (IGF2), leading to biallelic rather than monoallelic expression in a wide variety of solid tumors. We have now examined the imprinting status of IGF2 in samples from CML patients in stable phase, accelerated phase, and blast crisis. Five of six stable-phase patients showed normal imprinting, but LOI was found in all six cases of advanced disease (three accelerated phase, three blast crisis), which was statistically highly significant (P < .01). Thus, LOI represents a novel type of genetic alteration in CML that appears to be specifically associated with disease progression.
The macro separation of stable isotopes on ion-exchange columns (1963)

The methods of separating macro quantities of stable isotopes on cation exchange columns as developed at Iowa State University will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the 14N, 16N systems. The quantitative theory which permits such variables as the degree of separation, the quantities of chemicals required, and the amount of solution needed, to be calculated in advance, will be discussed in detail.
New method for measuring ICG Rmax with a clearance meter (1995)

The maximal removal rate of indocyanine green (ICG Rmax) is considered to be an important parameter of hepatic function. However, the method of analysis has some flaws, and an abnormal value is obtained for about 15% of patients. We developed a new method of measuring the ICG Rmax with a clearance meter (RK-1000) that continuously measured the ICG concentration using a fingertip optical sensor. Twenty patients were examined. The histologic diagnosis was as follows: normal for 10, cirrhosis in 6, hepatitis in 4. The ICG concentration was measured in vivo continuously with the RK-1000. To obtain the Rmax by the Michaelis-Menten model, the ICG concentration in the VLDL compartment was subtracted from the values obtained by the RK-1000 because ICG binds to various serum proteins and its rate of removal in the VLDL compartment differs from that in other protein compartments. The removal velocity was calculated and a Michaelis plot obtained. Then Rmax was calculated from the reciprocal of the y-intercept of a Lineweaver-Burk plot. The Rmax in subjects with liver disease was significantly lower than in those with normal liver. It is concluded that our new method of measuring ICG Rmax with the RK-1000 reflects liver function appropriately.
Identification of fusobacteria in a routine diagnostic laboratory (1985)

A scheme for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and Leptotrichia spp. from Bacteroides spp. was devised after examining 114 strains of fusobacteria and asaccharolytic bacteroides (17 reference strains and 97 clinical isolates). Sensitivity to a 300 micrograms/ml plate of phosphomycin and an acid reaction on a lysine plate were found to be reliable for differentiating Fusobacterium spp. and L. buccalis from Bacteroides. Using a short set of simple cultural and biochemical tests, isolates could be identified as F. necrophorum, F. necrogenes, F. nucleatum, F. varium or L. buccalis. These tests were: indole, lecithinase, phosphatase, DNase and gas production, aesculin and casein hydrolysis, greening of casein/methylene blue agar, nitrite reduction, bile tolerance and haemolysis on horse blood agar.
Potentiometric Titration Studies of Diethyl aminoethyl Dextran Base (1968)

Abstract The potentiometric behavior of DEAE-dextran base in aqueous solutions of varying ionic strengths was investigated. Owing to the presence of three different basic groups in the compound, the analysis of the titration curves obtained is quite complicated. Therefore, only the titration range of one of the basic groups present was analyzed in detail and the values of the electrostatic potential at the surface of the polyion were obtained. These values were compared with those calculated from a cylindrical model for the polyion assuming a uniform distribution of charges on the surface. Agreement between the two sets of values is rather poor, which indicates that the model is inappropriate.
A serial port based debugging tool to improve learning with arduino (2015)

In this paper, a serial port based debugging tool for the Arduino platform is presented. The tool is based on a modification of the Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) and libraries. It includes the basic options of debugging tools (stepping, breakpoints, variable inspection, etc.) without the need of a hardware debugging interface. The tool has been designed taking into account that is going to be used by beginners or intermediate users, which is the most common profile among Arduino users. The tool tries to promote debugging procedures that are not based on trial and error, and contributes to the Arduino environment with another teaching resource.
Chemical modification of simian virus 40 DNA by reaction with a water-soluble carbodiimide (1976)

Superhelical simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA I can be modified with N-cyclohexyl-N'-beta-(4 methylmorpholinium)ethylcarbodiimide (CMC). The reaction produces an increase in the sedimentation velocity of DNA I from 21 to 22.5S and a decrease in its buoyant density in CsCl from 1.694 to 1.688. A comparable shift in buoyant density is observed in a saturated ethidium bromide-cesium chloride gradient where form II, which has been exposed to CMC, shows no shift. The CsCl-buoyant density data allows us to estimate that 108 mol of CMC are bound per mol of SV40 DNA I. In the subsequent paper an alternative procedure has been used to locate CMC sites, and the extent of the regions available to bind CMC have been measured.
Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials: Physics and Applications (2008)

Photoalignment possesses significant advantages in comparison with the usual rubbing treatment of the substrates of liquid crystal display (LCD) cells as it is a non-contact method with a high resolution. A new technique recently pioneered by the authors of this book, namely the photo-induced diffusion reorientation of azodyes, does not involve any photochemical or structural transformations of the molecules. This results in photoaligning films which are robust and possess good aligning properties making them particularly suitable for the new generation of liquid crystal devices. Photoalignment of Liquid Crystalline Materials covers state-of-the-art techniques and key applications, as well as the authors own diffusion model for photoalignment. The book aims to stimulate new research and development in the field of liquid crystalline photoalignment and in so doing, enable the technology to be used in large scale LCD production. Key features: Provides a full examination of the mechanisms of photoalignment. Examines the properties of liquid crystals during photoalignment, with particular reference made to the effect on their chemical structure and stability. Considers the most useful photosensitive materials and preparation procedures suitable for liquid crystalline photoalignment. Presents several methods for photoalignment of liquid crystals. Compares various applications of photoalignment technology for in-cell patterned polarizers and phase retarders, transflective and micro displays, security and other liquid crystal devices. Through its interdisciplinary approach, this book is aimed at a wide range of practising electrical engineers, optical engineers, display technologists, materials scientists, physicists and chemists working on the development of liquid crystal devices. It will also appeal to researchers and graduate students taking courses on liquid crystals or display technologies.
Reactance Domain MUSIC Algorithm for ESPAR Antennas (2003)

Conventional adaptive array antenna processing must observe signals on all of the array antenna elements. However, because the low-cost electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna has only a single-port output, it is not possible to observe all of the signals on the antenna elements. A direct application of most of the algorithms for the conventional adaptive array antenna is impractical. In this paper, we propose a new technique of estimation for direction-of-arrivals (DoAs) for the ESPAR antenna. This technique is based on a modification of the MUSIC (multiple signal classification) algorithm. An M-dimension vector y of the output of the antenna is obtained by using the angular diversity provided by the ESPAR antenna reactances. Then theM byM correlation matrix of the y vector is employed to estimate the MUSIC spectrum. Simulation results show that DoAs can be estimated by the reactance domain MUSIC algorithm for ESPAR antennas.
Characterization of New Ceramic Anode Materials for Direct Methane Oxidation in SOFC (1999)

Various perovskite materials, based on lanthanum chromite or strontium titanate, were synthesized and studied considering their use as ceramic anodes in SOFC. The powders were characterized by TG/DTA and XRD. Conductivity data between room temperature and 900°C both in oxidizing and reducing atmosphere were collected. The expansion behavior in both atmospheres was investigated and the thermal expansion coefficient up to 1200°C determined. Some materials showed electrical conductivities up to 100 S/cm, others had promising thermomechanical properties. So far a combination of the advantageous properties has not been found for the materials under consideration.
Commercial Local Pharmacotherapeutics and Adjunctive Agents for Nonsurgical Treatment of Periodontitis: A Contemporary Review of Clinical Efficacies and Challenges (2019)

Periodontal infections tend to be site-specific, mostly confined to the periodontal pocket. With the surge of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the trend is shifting towards other therapeutic modalities, especially locally delivered approaches that include other pharmacotherapeutic drugs and medical devices. This narrative review aimed to provide insights into the clinical efficacy of local drug delivery and adjunctive agents used in nonsurgical management of periodontitis. Electronic (PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, and EMBASE) and bibliographic searches of past systematic reviews were carried out to identify previous publications on the topic. Only relevant literature and randomized controlled trials published in English were selected. In addition, a literature review was developed based on the selected articles. Experimental drugs or agents were excluded. This review highlights the clinically proven and commercially available therapeutic agents related to the management of periodontal disease with comparisons of their clinical efficacies and challenges. A vast array of commercial local pharmacotherapeutic agents had been clinically tested, but the methodologies and clinical results varied within and between each agent used, causing difficulty in drawing conclusions and providing support to the superiority of one agent over another. Considering the benefit-cost ratio with the modest clinical results, the long-term usefulness of these agents remains debatable.
Optical vortices generation using the Wollaston prism (2006)

A new setup of interferometers is proposed in which the set of specific optical markers--optical vortices--could be generated. The classical Mach-Zender two-beam interferometer has been modernized using the Wollaston prism. In this setup, the optical vortices could be obtained for a wide range of both beam parameters. The numerical analysis and experiments confirm our theoretical predictions.
Phytochemical, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities of different citrus juice concentrates (2015)

The search for new antimicrobial compounds is ongoing. Its importance cannot be overemphasized in an era of emerging resistant pathogenic organisms. This study therefore investigated the phytochemical composition and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of different citrus juice concentrates. Fruit juices of Citrus tangerine (tangerine), Citrus paradisi (grape), Citrus limon (lemon), and Citrus aurantifolia (lime) were evaluated. Antimicrobial activities against five bacterial and three fungal strains were evaluated. The results revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, and reducing sugars in all the juice concentrates. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacities varied with tangerine and grape juices having better scavenging capacities than lemon and lime juices. Grape juice was observed to have a significantly higher (P < 0.05) ferric-reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) value (364.2 ± 10.25 μmol/L Fe(II)/g of the extract) than the reference antioxidant, ascorbic acid (312.88 ± 5.61 μmol/L). Antimicrobial studies revealed differential antimicrobial activities against different microbial strains. Zones of inhibition ranging from 4 to 26 mm were observed for the antibacterial tests with 0-24 mm for antifungal test. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bacteriostatic concentrations (MBC) for concentrates against bacterial strains ranged from 12.5 to 200 μg/mL. Lemon and lime juice concentrates had lower MIC and MBC values with orange and tangerine having the highest values. Minimum fungicidal concentrations ranged from 50 to 200 μg/mL. The results of this study suggest that these juice concentrates may have beneficial antimicrobial roles that can be exploited in controlling unwanted microbial growth.