gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10Gbps multi-mode waveguide for optical interconnect (2005)

In this paper, high-speed multi-mode waveguide array is proposed. As a core material, a polymer called SU-8 is used. The index of SU-8 at a wavelength of 850 nm is 1.58. It is highly transparent for wavelengths > 800 nm, has shown heat resistance to temperature > 200 degrees Celsius and it is chemically and mechanically stable [Downey et al., 1993], so it is most suited for optical interconnect applications. In order to reduce the coupling loss of the system, the dimensions of waveguides are taken to be 50 /spl times/ 50 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The SU-8 is spin-coated on the glass substrate. By varying the spin speed, the height of the layer can be varied from 10 to 60 /spl mu/m. The layer is pre-baked at 95 degrees Celsius to evaporate the solvent. Then after pre-heating, the film is exposed to UV-light with a mask. Following the UV-exposure, the film is post-baked at a temperature of again 95 degrees Celsius. In this post exposure baking step the cross-linking of the polymer takes place in all exposed areas. The SU-8 film is developed in RER 600 (PGMEA). Next, the defined structures are exposed to UV-light and hard-baked at 150 degrees Celsius [Downey et al., 1993], Finally, the embedded waveguides are covered by cladding layer and measured by 850 nm LD. The measurements demonstrate robust 10 Gbps data transmission exceeding 50 mm using a new high-speed 50 /spl mu/m multimode planar waveguide circuit (PLC). This indicates that experiments driving VCSEL-based 850 nm LD optical links 231-1 PRBS signal at speeds up to 10 Gbps. The results can be used to broaden the component specification range for 10 Gigabit optical interconnects applications.
Postponed Suicide Death? Suicides around Birthdays and Major Public Holidays (1999)

The relationship between suicide and birthdays, and suicide and public holidays has been studied from data on 32,291 Danish suicides by persons ages 15 years and older in the 25-year period 1970-1994. Evidence was found to support the theory of the "broken-promise effect" for major public holidays in that there appears to be a postponement of a significant number of suicides from before a holiday until after. The division of holidays into nonworking and (half-time) working days showed that a "holiday effect" could only be found around major public holidays, particularly Christmas, Easter, and Whitsun. The postponing or transpositioning effect is relevant to prevention, especially because of the availability and accessibility of help at the end of and after major public (nonworking) holidays.
DESIGN FOR ASSEMBLY: ROBOTS (1984)

Robots can slash assembly costs, but as with any other assembly process, robot-based techniques must be taken into account at the design stage. The analysis procedure outlined in this article shows how the right design decisions can cut the cost of robotic assembly. An example is given to show how the analysis system works. The example considered is a small pneumatic piston. In conclusion, the article discusses software aids for use with common microcomputers that can ease the time pressure of design schedules.
Computationally efficient algorithms for control of ultrasound phased-array hyperthermia applicators based on a pseudoinverse method (1990)

Computationally efficient incremental algorithms for application of the pseudoinverse method for ultrasound phased-array field pattern synthesis are discussed and shown to significantly reduce computing effort when more control points should be added to existing subsets of points previously manipulated. These algorithms avoid calculation of inverse matrices, a time-consuming job for microcomputers when the dimensions of the matrices are large. This technique can be used to recursively modify the heating patterns of a phased-array hyperthermia applicator in the clinic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antagonistic VEGF variants engineered to simultaneously bind to and inhibit VEGFR2 and <i>α</i> <sub> <i>v</i> </sub> <i>β</i> <sub>3</sub> integrin (2011)

Significant cross-talk exists between receptors that mediate angiogenesis, such as VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and α(v)β(3) integrin. Thus, agents that inhibit both receptors would have important therapeutic potential. Here, we used an antagonistic VEGF ligand as a molecular scaffold to engineer dual-specific proteins that bound to VEGFR2 and α(v)β(3) integrin with antibody-like affinities and inhibited angiogenic processes in vitro and in vivo. Mutations were introduced into a single-chain VEGF (scVEGF) ligand that retained VEGFR2 binding, but prevented receptor dimerization and activation. Yeast-displayed scVEGF mutant libraries were created and screened by high-throughput flow cytometric sorting to identify several variants that bound with high affinity to both VEGFR2 and α(v)β(3) integrin. These engineered scVEGF mutants were specific for α(v)β(3) integrin and did not bind to the related integrins α(v)β(5), α(iib)β(3), or α(5)β(1). In addition, surface plasmon resonance and cell binding assays showed that dual-specific scVEGF proteins can simultaneously engage both receptors. Compared to monospecific scVEGF mutants that bind VEGFR2 or α(v)β(3) integrin, dual-specific scVEGF proteins more strongly inhibited VEGF-mediated receptor phosphorylation, capillary tube formation, and proliferation of endothelial cells cultured on Matrigel or vitronectin-coated surfaces. Moreover, dual specificity conferred strong inhibition of VEGF-mediated blood vessel formation in Matrigel plugs in vivo, whereas monospecific scVEGF mutants that bind VEGFR2 or α(v)β(3) integrin were only marginally effective. Instead of relying on antibody associating domains or physical linkage, this work highlights an approach to creating dual-specific proteins where additional functionality is introduced into a protein ligand to complement its existing biological properties.
Regional variability, processing methods, and biophysical properties of human fascia lata extracellular matrix (2007)

This study aims to assess the regional variability, processing methods, mechanical, biochemical, and cellular properties of human fascia lata as a scaffold for soft tissue repair and tissue engineering applications. Ten pairs of fascia lata (donor age 18-55) were used. One fascia patch from each pair was used to assess the geometric and biomechanical variability of fresh fascia. The other from each pair was subjected to 1 of 2 allograft processing methods: antibiotic soak alone or acellularization plus antibiotic soak. Stiffness, modulus, hydroxyproline, chondroitin/dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CSDS GAG), and DNA content were quantified in fascia from fresh and treated groups. The effect of location was not significant for thickness or stiffness within a 6 x 12 cm2 region of the iliotibial tract of fresh human fascia lata. Processing did not significantly change the stiffness, modulus, or CSDS GAG content of fascia ECM. However, hydroxyproline (collagen) content is significantly reduced in acellularized fascia, probably reflecting a removal of soluble collagen during the treatment (p < 0.02). Processing reduced the DNA content of fresh fascia approximately 10-fold (p < 0.001). The mechanical, chemical and ultrastructural similarities between fascia lata and tendon may make fresh or processed fascia an attractive ECM scaffold for soft tissue, particularly tendon, repair.
A Simple Algorithm for the Control of Rearrangeable Switching Networks (1985)

A simple algorithm for the control of rearrangeable switching networks <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\nu(n, n, r)</tex> is given. This algorithm makes it possible to compute the switch settings that implement a given Permutation. The algorithm takes serial time <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O(nr^{2})</tex> and consists of one phase, i.e., it does not require iterations. The version of the algorithm which can be used for group switching is also presented.
Lossless Compression of RNAi Fluorescence Images Using Regional Fluctuations of Pixels (2012)

RNA interference (RNAi) is considered one of the most powerful genomic tools which allows the study of drug discovery and understanding of the complex cellular processes by high-content screens. This field of study, which was the subject of 2006 Nobel Prize of medicine, has drastically changed the conventional methods of analysis of genes. A large number of images have been produced by the RNAi experiments. Even though a number of capable special purpose methods have been proposed recently for the processing of RNAi images but there is no customized compression scheme for these images. Hence, highly proficient tools are required to compress these images. In this paper, we propose a new efficient lossless compression scheme for the RNAi images. A new predictor specifically designed for these images is proposed. It is shown that pixels can be classified into three categories based on their intensity distributions. Using classification of pixels based on the intensity fluctuations among the neighbors of a pixel a context-based method is designed. Comparisons of the proposed method with the existing state-of-the-art lossless compression standards and well-known general-purpose methods are performed to show the efficiency of the proposed method.
Large-Scale Statistical Analyses of Rice ESTs Reveal Correlated Patterns of Gene Expression (1999)

Large, publicly available collections of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been generated from Arabidopsis thaliana and rice (Oryza sativa). A potential, but relatively unexplored application of this data is in the study of plant gene expression. Other EST data, mainly from human and mouse, have been successfully used to point out genes exhibiting tissue- or disease-specific expression, as well as for identification of alternative transcripts. In this report, we go a step further in showing that computer analyses of plant EST data can be used to generate evidence of correlated expression patterns of genes across various tissues. Furthermore, tissue types and organs can be classified with respect to one another on the basis of their global gene expression patterns. As in previous studies, expression profiles are first estimated from EST counts. By clustering gene expression profiles or whole cDNA library profiles, we show that genes with similar functions, or cDNA libraries expected to share patterns of gene expression, are grouped together. Promising uses of this technique include functional genomics, in which evidence of correlated expression might complement (or substitute for) those of sequence similarity in the annotation of anonymous genes and identification of surrogate markers. The analysis presented here combines the application of a correlation-based clustering method with a graphical color map allowing intuitive visualization of patterns within a large table of expression measurements.
Design of an array of printed-dipoles proximity-coupled to a perpendicular microstripline (2003)

An eight-element series-fed array was built with a 27 dB Chebyshev amplitude distribution in a standing wave configuration for broadside radiation. The amplitude distribution was controlled by adjusting the offsets, and the interelement spacing was decided by the propagation constant of the covered microstripline. The characteristic impedance and the equivalent element resonant resistances were used for impedance matching to a 50 Omega source. The measured and calculated radiation patterns are presented and found to be in good agreement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some Aspects of the Mode of Action of the Antibacterial Compound Bronopol (2‐bromo‐2‐nitropropan‐1,3‐diol) (1973)

S ummary . A series of nitro compounds studied inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa , bronopol being the most active derivative. Bronopol causes some membrane damage. A consideration of its action on enzyme activity, reaction with cell constituents and chemical reaction with cysteine, glutathione and proteins suggests that the oxidation of thiol groups to disulphides may be its primary action.
Using Articulatory Representations to Detect Segmental Errors in Nonnative Pronunciation (2007)

Motivated by potential applications in second-language pedagogy, we present a novel approach to using articulatory information to improve automatic detection of typical phone-level errors made by nonnative speakers of English-a difficult task that involves discrimination between close pronunciations. We describe a reformulation of the hidden-articulator Markov model (HAMM) framework that is appropriate for the pronunciation evaluation domain. Model training requires no direct articulatory measurement, but rather involves a constrained and interpolated mapping from phone-level transcriptions to a set of physically and numerically meaningful articulatory representations. Here, we define two new methods of deriving articulatory-based features for classification: one, by concatenating articulatory recognition results over eight streams representative of the vocal tract's constituents; the other, by calculating multidimensional articulatory confidence scores within these representations based on general linguistic knowledge of articulatory variants. After adding these articulatory features to traditional phone-level confidence scores, our results demonstrate absolute reductions in combined error rates for verification of segment-level pronunciations produced by nonnative speakers in the ISLE corpus by as much as 16%-17% for some target segments, and a 3%-4% absolute improvement overall.
A single blastocyst assay optimized for detecting CRISPR/Cas9 system-induced indel mutations in mice (2014)

The single blastocyst-based assay was useful for determining whether CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing worked in murine embryos.
Chemical synthesis of monodisperse γ-Fe–Ni magnetic nanoparticles with tunable Curie temperatures for self-regulated hyperthermia (2010)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) possessing low Curie temperatures (TC’s) offer the possibility for self-regulated heating of cancer cells, where the TC acts as an upper limit to heating to prevent damage to neighboring healthy tissue. We report the synthesis of monodisperse metastable fcc γ-phase Fe–Ni MNPs possessing tunable TC’s, whose stoichiometries have been predicted from metastable extensions to an equilibrium Fe–Ni phase diagram. Metastable alloys have been predicted within the constructs of the T0 construction in the Fe–Ni eutectoid phase diagram. Fe–Ni MNPs have been synthesized via chemical reduction in Fe- and Ni-precursors with stoichiometries ranging from Fe90Ni10 to Fe70Ni30. Mn-precursors have been added to further reduce the alloy’s TC. MNP morphology and structure have been confirmed by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy while magnetic properties were investigated using vibrating sample magnetometry. Fe70Ni30 MNPs were found to have a TC of 82 °C and specific magnetization of 66 emu/g. Addition of 1 wt % Mn to Fe75Ni25 reduced the TC to 78 °C, which is the lowest reported for fcc Fe–Ni alloys. We also report a model for radio frequency self-regulated heating, in which the maximum achievable temperature of water-MNP suspensions (TC&lt;100 °C) or octyl ether-MNP suspensions (TC&gt;100 °C) is approximately the TC of the MNPs suspended in the solution.
Double-drift millimetre-wave IMPATT diodes prepared by epitaxial growth (1973)

The preparation of silicon double-drift millimetre-wave IMPATT diodes by the epitaxial growth of n- and p-type layers successively on n-type substrates is described. Carrier-concentration profiles comparable with those reported for double layers formed by ion implantation are obtained; a microwave output power of 560 mW with 11% efficiency has been achieved at 48 GHz.
Expression of eicosanoid biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes in peritoneal endometriosis (2009)

Our study highlights an imbalance between eicosanoid biosynthesis and degradation in endometriosis patients. Both peritoneal macrophages and endometriotic lesions may be involved. Research into new molecules inhibiting biosynthetic enzymes (such as sPLA(2)-IIA and mPGES-1) and/or activating catabolic enzymes (such as 15-PGDH) may prove to be a major field of investigation in the development of targeted medical therapies.
Allosteric Drug Discrimination Is Coupled to Mechanochemical Changes in the Kinesin-5 Motor Core (2010)

Essential in mitosis, the human Kinesin-5 protein is a target for >80 classes of allosteric compounds that bind to a surface-exposed site formed by the L5 loop. Not established is why there are differing efficacies in drug inhibition. Here we compare the ligand-bound states of two L5-directed inhibitors against 15 Kinesin-5 mutants by ATPase assays and IR spectroscopy. Biochemical kinetics uncovers functional differences between individual residues at the N or C termini of the L5 loop. Infrared evaluation of solution structures and multivariate analysis of the vibrational spectra reveal that mutation and/or ligand binding not only can remodel the allosteric binding surface but also can transmit long range effects. Changes in L5-localized 3(10) helix and disordered content, regardless of substitution or drug potency, are experimentally detected. Principal component analysis couples these local structural events to two types of rearrangements in beta-sheet hydrogen bonding. These transformations in beta-sheet contacts are correlated with inhibitory drug response and are corroborated by wild type Kinesin-5 crystal structures. Despite considerable evolutionary divergence, our data directly support a theorized conserved element for long distance mechanochemical coupling in kinesin, myosin, and F(1)-ATPase. These findings also suggest that these relatively rapid IR approaches can provide structural biomarkers for clinical determination of drug sensitivity and drug efficacy in nucleotide triphosphatases.
Ligninolytic enzymes of the white-rot fungus <i>Phlebia radiata</i> (1988)

One oxidase (EC 1.10.3.2) and three lignin peroxidases (EC 1.11.1.-) were purified from the culture liquid of the white-rot fungus Phlebia radiata Fr. All the enzymes were glycoproteins. The oxidase had Mr 64,000 and the lignin peroxidases I, II and III had Mr values 42,000, 45,000 and 44,000 respectively. The lignin peroxidases were found to share common antigenic determinants: lignin peroxidases II and III were serologically indistinguishable and lignin peroxidase I was related but distinguishable. The oxidase did not share any immunological properties with the lignin peroxidases. Lignin peroxidases of Phlebia contain protoporphyrin IX as a prosthetic group. In the presence of H2O2 and an electron donor, veratryl alcohol, lignin peroxidases exhibit spectral shifts analogous to those of animal catalase (EC 1.11.1.6). Phlebia enzymes show optimal activity at pH 3-4.5 at 40 degrees C and are stable in the pH range 5-6. They modify Kraft lignin and phenolic compounds containing hydroxy and methoxy groups.
Atrial Fibrillation and Embolic Complications in Paced Patients (1988)

Our results confirm that VVI stimulation favors AF long-term which is most likely due to irritation of the atrial rhythm by retrograde conduction. In our patients the incidence of thromboembolic complications was not higher in the group of patients with AF. However, from this study in surviving patients, we cannot exclude that we lost some patients due to severe stroke.
Performance analysis and signal processing in a current sensing power MOSFET (SENSEFET) (2002)

Current sensing power MOSFETs (SENSEFETs) provide signals which can be used for current feedback and fast overcurrent protection in converter-fed drives and power supplies. The authors investigate the performance of a SENSEFET used in a DC chopper circuit by obtaining the current sense waveforms. The sense signals contain large switching transients which are to be removed using a special processing circuit. The details of the processing circuit and the waveforms are presented. A current loop is synthesized by feeding back the output of the signal processor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Vieweg Handbuch Elektrotechnik (2007)

Dieses Handbuch stellt in systematischer Form alle wesentlichen Grundlagen der Elektrotechnik in der komprimierten Form eines Nachschlagewerkes zusammen. Es wurde fÃ¼r Studenten und Praktiker entwickelt. FÃ¼r Spezialisten eines bestimmten Fachgebiets wird ein umfassender Einblick in Nachbargebiete geboten. Die didaktisch ausgezeichneten Darstellungen ermÃ¶glichen eine rasche Erarbeitung des umfangreichen Inhalts. Ãber 1800 Abbildungen und Tabellen, passgenau ausgewÃ¤hlte Formeln, Hinweise, SchaltplÃ¤ne und Normen fÃ¼hren den Benutzer sicher durch die Elektrotechnik. In der 4. Auflage wurde das Kapitel Automatisierungstechnik vÃ¶llig Ã¼berarbeitet und neu gestaltet. Die Literaturhinweise sind im ganzen Werk aktualisiert.
Collaborative translation environment on the Web. (2001)

This paper describes a comprehensive translation environment build on the Internet. This environment is designed not only to translate web pages but also to support translation work on the web. We first introduce a basic idea and implementation of this environment and then compare it to conventional machine translation (MT) systems available on the web and translation memories.
Engineering Nanostructured Porous SiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces for Bacteria Detection via “Direct Cell Capture” (2011)

An optical label-free biosensing platform for bacteria detection ( Escherichia coli K12 as a model system) based on nanostructured oxidized porous silicon (PSiO(2)) is introduced. The biosensor is designed to directly capture the target bacteria cells on its surface with no prior sample processing (such as cell lysis). The optical reflectivity spectrum of the PSiO(2) nanostructure displays Fabry-Pérot fringes characteristic of thin-film interference, enabling direct, real-time observation of bacteria attachment within minutes. The PSiO(2) optical nanostructure is synthesized and used as the optical transducer element. The porous surface is conjugated with specific monoclonal antibodies (immunoglobulin G's) to provide the active component of the biosensor. The immobilization of the antibodies onto the biosensor system is confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, fluorescent labeling experiments, and refractive interferometric Fourier transform spectroscopy. We show that the immobilized antibodies maintain their immunoactivity and specificity when attached to the sensor surface. Exposure of these nanostructures to the target bacteria results in "direct cell capture" onto the biosensor surface. These specific binding events induce predictable changes in the thin-film optical interference spectrum of the biosensor. Our preliminary studies demonstrate the applicability of these biosensors for the detection of low bacterial concentrations. The current detection limit of E. coli K12 bacteria is 10(4) cells/mL within several minutes.
Incidence and mortality of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and sarcoidosis in the UK (2006)

The incidence of IPF has more than doubled between 1990 and 2003; this is not due to the ageing of the UK population or an increased ascertainment of milder cases. The incidence of sarcoidosis has not changed during this time period. Our findings suggest that more than 4000 new cases of IPF and 3000 new cases of sarcoidosis are currently diagnosed each year in the UK.