gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of a new fungal <FONT FACE=Symbol>b</font>-galactosidase with potential application in the dairy industry (1999)

<FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-Galactosidase or <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-D-galactoside-galactohydrolase (EC. 3.2.1.23) is an important enzyme industrially used for the hydrolysis of lactose from milk and milk whey for several applications. Lately, the importance of this enzyme was enhanced by its galactosyltransferase activity, which is responsible for the synthesis of transgalactosylated oligosaccharides (TOS) that act as functional foods, with several beneficial effects on consumers. Penicillium simplicissimum, a strain isolated from soil, when grown in semi-solid medium showed good productivity of <FONT FACE="Symbol">b</font>-galactosidase with galactosyltransferase activity. The optimum pH for hydrolysis was in the 4.04.6 range and the optimum pH for galactosyltransferase activity was in the 6.07.0 range. The optimum temperature for hydrolysis and transferase activity was 55-60°C and 50°C, respectively, and the enzyme showed high thermostability for the hydrolytic activity. The enzyme showed a potential for several industrial applications such as removal of 67% of the lactose from milk and 84% of the lactose from milk whey when incubated at their original pH (4.5 and 6.34, respectively) under optimum temperature conditions. When incubated with a 40% lactose solution in 150 mM McIlvaine buffer, pH 4.5, at 55°C the enzyme converted 86.5% of the lactose to its component monosaccharides. When incubated with a 60% lactose solution in the same buffer but at pH 6.5 and 50°C, the enzyme can synthetize up to 30.5% TOS, with 39.5% lactose and 30% monosaccharides remaining in the preparation.
TC‐5214 (S‐(+)‐Mecamylamine): A Neuronal Nicotinic Receptor Modulator with Antidepressant Activity (2008)

Both clinical and preclinical data support a potential therapeutic benefit of modulating the activity of CNS neuronal nicotinic receptors (NNRs) to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Based on the notion that the depressive states involve hypercholinergic tone, we have examined the potential palliative role of NNR antagonism in these disorders, using TC-5214 (S-(+) enantiomer of mecamylamine), a noncompetitive NNR antagonist. TC-5214 demonstrated positive effects in a number of animal models of depression and anxiety. TC-5214 was active in the forced swim test in rats (minimum effective dose (MED)=3 mg/kg i.p.), a classical depression model. It was also active in the behavioral despair test in mice (0.1-3.0 mg/kg i.p.), another model of depression. In the social interaction paradigm in rats, a model of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), TC-5214 was active at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg s.c. In the light/dark chamber paradigm in rats, a model of GAD and phobia, TC-5214 was also active at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg s.c. Although TC-5214 shows modest selectivity among NNR subtypes, the antidepressant and anxiolytic effects seen in these studies are likely attributable to antagonist effects at the alpha4beta2 NNRs. This is supported by the observation of similar effects with alpha4beta2-selective partial agonists such as cytisine and with alpha4beta2-selective antagonists such as TC-2216. TC-5214 was well tolerated in acute and chronic toxicity studies in mice, rats, and dogs, showed no mutagenicity and displayed safety pharmacology, pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles appropriate for therapeutic development. Overall, the results support a novel nicotinic cholinergic antagonist mechanism for antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and highlight the potential of NNR antagonists such as TC-5214 as therapeutics for the treatment of anxiety and depression.
Heterogeneous distribution of interstitial oxygen in annealed Czochralski-grown silicon crystals (1981)

It is shown that interstitial oxygen infrared (IR) absorption at 515 cm−1 decreases anomalously compared with the absorption at 1106 cm−1 in heat-treated Czochralski-grown silicon wafers. This phenomenon is described by the close correlation between the absorption coefficient ratio αr (α1106/α515), the half-bandwidth of the 1106-cm−1 peak, and the precipitated oxygen content during heat treatments. As a result, it is suggested that on the basis of IR absorption spectrum data interstitital oxygen atoms distribute heterogeneously in a silicon matrix as the forestage of Si-0 complex precipitation.
20Gb/s Hybrid TDM/WDM PONs with 512-Split Using Self-Seeded Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2012)

Hybrid TDM/WDM PON using self-seeded reflective semiconductor optical amplifiers is proposed for high-capacity and large-splitting access services. Experimental results demonstrate a 512-split hybrid PON with aggregated upstream capacity of 20 Gb/s.
Truncated multiplication with correction constant [for DSP] (2002)

Multiplication is frequently required in digital signal processing. Parallel multipliers provide a high-speed method for multiplication, but require large area for VLSI implementations. In most signal processing applications, a rounded product is desired to avoid growth in word-size. Thus an important design goal is to reduce the area requirements of rounded output multipliers. The authors present a technique for parallel multiplication which computes the product of two numbers by summing only the most significant columns of the multiplication matrix, along with a correction constant. A method for selecting the value of the correction constant which minimizes the average and mean square error is introduced. Equations are given for estimating the average, mean square, and maximum error of the rounded product. With this technique, the hardware requirements of the multiplier can be reduced by 25 to 35%, while limiting the maximum error of the rounded product to less than one unit in the last place.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Platelet concentrate injection improves Achilles tendon repair in rats (2004)

Platelet concentrate may prove useful for the treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures.
Application of Silicate-Based Well Treatment Techniques at the Hungarian Oil Fields (1999)

Abstract By joint application of silicates and polymers or humates, a multifunctional, self-controlling chemical system is usually formed which works spontaneously even under harsh reservoir conditions, meanwhile the methods remain inexpensive, flexible and adaptable to any production technology. A concise summary of the diverse techniques, their principle and mainly field projects are discussed in the paper. It was shown that the silicates, combined with polymers and humates offer unique opportunity to cure numerous production/injection problems including water-shut-off, profile correction, clay stabilization, etc. in oil and gas fields and underground gas storage. Between 1980 and 1998 the field projects, comprising more than hundred well treatments, yielded substantial additional oil production, life time of wells were extended and the overall profitability of fields was significantly increased, meanwhile environmentally friendly chemicals were used. Therefore, the Hungarian experts are convinced that the silicate-based methods as reasonable alternatives wherever and whenever the application of bulk or surface gelation or deposition is arising.
Why do cancer cells metastasize into particular organs? (1992)

Metastatic spread of tumor cells is one of the most common causes of death in cancer patients. Therefore, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms that underlie the formation of metastatic colonies has been one of the major objectives of cancer research during the last two decades. In this review we will mainly discuss the mechanisms that cause a malignant cell to grow at a given site rather than at other possible sites, taking into account experimental and clinical evidence published on the subject. As a whole this evidence tends to confirm the hypothesis that organ-specific colonization by malignant cells often follows very specific and close interactions between the cancer cell and the target organ, either in terms of specific cellular adhesion or growth promotion. In this paper we would like to underscore the fact that cellular adhesion, either specific or unspecific, is a necessary but, by itself, insufficient condition for the development of metastases. It is the ability of the tumor cells to grow at the site where they arrested that ultimately determines whether a metastatic colony develops or fails to develop at that site.
Percutaneous Isolated Hepatic Perfusion for Chemotherapy (2003)

Percutaneous IHP for intensive chemotherapy is less aggressive and less hepatotoxic than IHP at laparotomy and may be iterative.
Macrophone: an American English telephone speech corpus for the Polyphone project (2002)

Macrophone is a corpus of approximately 200000 utterances, recorded over the telephone from a broad sample of about 5000 American speakers. Sponsored by the Linguistic Data Consortium (LDC), it is the first of a series of similar data sets that will be collected for major languages of the world in a cooperative project called Polyphone. It is designed to provide telephone speech suitable for the development of automatic voice-interactive telephone services. In particular, Macrophone contains training material for applications in transportation, scheduling, ticketing, database access, shopping, and other automated telephone interactions. In addition to being phonetically balanced, the spoken material refers to times, locations, monetary amounts, and interactive operations. The utterances are spoken by respondents into telephone handsets and recorded directly in 8-bit mu-law digital form through a T1 connection to the usual switched telephone network. The paper describes the design of the linguistic materials in the corpus, and the process of solicitation, collection, transcription, and file preparation for the Macrophone corpus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The United Nations and International Legislation (1947)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Molecular Insights into <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> and <i>Burkholderia mallei</i> Pathogenesis (2010)

Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are closely related gram-negative bacteria that can cause serious diseases in humans and animals. This review summarizes the current and rapidly expanding knowledge on the specific virulence factors employed by these pathogens and their roles in the pathogenesis of melioidosis and glanders. In particular, the contributions of recently identified virulence factors are described in the context of the intracellular lifestyle of these pathogens. Throughout this review, unique and shared virulence features of B. pseudomallei and B. mallei are discussed.
Recent study of polymer latex dispersions (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRecent study of polymer latex dispersionsShin Dosho, Norio Ise, Kensaku Ito, Satoshi Iwai, Hiromi Kitano, Hideki Matsuoka, Hiroshi Nakamura, Hiroya Okumura, Takashi Ono, and Cite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 2, 394–411Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00026a008https://doi.org/10.1021/la00026a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views571Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Development of high strength siloxane poly(urethane‐urea) elastomers based on linked macrodiols for heart valve application (2017)

Mixed macrodiol based siloxane poly(urethane-urea)s (SiPUU) having number average molecular weights in the range 87-129 kDa/mol were synthesized to give elastomers with high tensile and tear strengths required to fabricate artificial heart valves. Polar functional groups were introduced into the soft segment to improve the poor segmental compatibility of siloxane polyurethanes. This was achieved by linking α,ω-bis(6-hydroxyethoxypropyl) poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) or poly(hexamethylene oxide) (PHMO) macrodiols with either 4,4'-methylenediphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) prior to polyurethane synthesis. The hard segment was composed of MDI, and a 1:1 mixture of 1,3-bis(4-hydroxybutyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane and 1,2-ethylene diamine. We report the effect of urethane linkers in soft segments on properties of the SiPUU. PHMO linked with either MDI or IPDI produced SiPUU with the highest tensile and tear strengths. Linking PDMS hardly affected the tensile strength; however, the tear strength was improved. The stress-strain curves showed no plastic deformation region typically observed for conventional polyurethanes indicating good creep resistance. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1712-1720, 2018.
TRPV4 Inhibition Improved Myelination and Reduced Glia Reactivity and Inflammation in a Cuprizone-Induced Mouse Model of Demyelination (2018)

The inhibition of demyelination and the promotion of remyelination are both considerable challenges in the therapeutic process for many central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that neuroglial activation and neuroinflammation are responsible for myelin sheath damage during demyelinating disorders. It has been revealed that the nonselective cation channel transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) profoundly affects a variety of physiological processes, including inflammation. However, its roles and mechanisms in demyelination have remained unclear. Here, for the first time, we found that there was a significant increase in TRPV4 in the corpus callosum in a demyelinated mouse model induced by cuprizone (CPZ). RN-1734, a TRPV4-antagonist, clearly alleviated demyelination and inhibited glial activation and the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) without altering the number of olig2-positive cells. <i>In vitro</i>, RN-1734 treatment clearly inhibited the influx of calcium and decreased the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB P65 phosphorylation. Apoptosis of oligodendrocyte induced by LPS-activated microglia was also alleviated by RN-1734. The results suggest that activation of TRPV4 in microglia is involved in oligodendrocyte apoptosis through the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, thus revealing a new mechanism of CNS demyelination.
New Reactions of a Silylene: Insertion into MN Bonds of M[N(SiMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (M Ge, Sn, or Pb) (1997)

The first insertion of a silylene into a MN bond was observed in the presented transformations of the thermally stable silylene 1, Np = neopentyl, with metal(II) bis(silyl)amides. Bis(silyl)metal(II) compounds 2 and 3 were obtained for M = Sn and Pb, respectively, whereas a colorless azadisilager-mole was formed for M  Ge. Noteworthy is the very long SnSi bond of 2.712(2) Å in 2.
Protein Import into and Sorting inside the Chloroplast Are Independent Processes. (1990)

Plastocyanin is a nuclear-encoded chloroplast thylakoid lumen protein that is synthesized in the cytoplasm with a large N-terminal extension (66 amino acids). Transport of plastocyanin involves two steps: import across the chloroplast envelope into the stroma, followed by transfer across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen. During transport the N-terminal extension is removed in two parts by two different processing proteases. In this study we examined the functions of the two cleaved parts, C1 and C2, in the transport pathway of plastocyanin. The results show that C1 mediates import into the chloroplast. C1 is sufficient to direct chloroplast import of mutant proteins that lack C2. It is also sufficient to direct import of a nonplastid protein and can be replaced functionally by the transit peptide of an imported stromal protein. C2 is a prerequisite for intraorganellar routing but is not required for chloroplast import. Deletions in C2 result in accumulation of intermediates in the stroma or on the outside of the thylakoids. The fact that C1 is functionally equivalent to a stromal-targeting transit peptide shows that plastocyanin is imported into the chloroplast by way of the same mechanism as stromal proteins, and that import into and routing inside the chloroplasts are independent processes.
Adaptive Resistance to an Inhibitor of Chromosomal Instability in Human Cancer Cells (2016)

Karyotype diversity is a hallmark of solid tumors that contributes to intratumor heterogeneity. This diversity is generated by persistent chromosome mis-segregation associated with chromosomal instability (CIN). CIN correlates with tumor relapse and is thought to promote drug resistance by creating a vast genomic landscape through which karyotypically unique clones survive lethal drug selection. We explore this proposition using a small molecule (UMK57) that suppresses chromosome mis-segregation in CIN cancer cells by potentiating the activity of the kinesin-13 protein MCAK. Sublethal doses of UMK57 destabilize kinetochore-microtubule (k-MT) attachments during mitosis to increase chromosome segregation fidelity. Surprisingly, chromosome mis-segregation rebounds in UMK57-treated cancer cells within a few days. This rapid relapse is driven by alterations in the Aurora B signaling pathway that hyper-stabilize k-MT attachments and is reversible following UMK57 removal. Thus, cancer cells display adaptive resistance to therapies targeting CIN through rapid and reversible changes to mitotic signaling networks.
Site of Action of Chlorsulfuron (1984)

The sulfonylurea herbicide chlorsulfuron blocks the biosynthesis of the amino acids valine and isoleucine in plants. Addition of these two amino acids to excised pea root (Pisum sativum L. var Alaska) cultures incubated in the presence of chlorsulfuron completely alleviates herbicide-induced growth inhibition. The site of action of chlorsulfuron is the enzyme acetolactate synthase which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of valine and isoleucine. This enzyme is extremely sensitive to inhibition by chlorsulfuron having I(50) values ranging from 18 to 36 nanomolar. In addition, acetolactate synthase from a wide variety of tolerant and sensitive plants species is highly sensitive to inhibition by chlorsulfuron.
A Meet-in-the-Middle Attack on ARIA. (2010)

Abstract. In this paper, we study the meet-in-the-middle attack against block cipher ARIA. We find some new 3-round and 4-round distinguish-ing properties of ARIA. Based on the 3-round distinguishing property, we can apply the meet-in-the-middle attack with up to 6 rounds for all versions of ARIA. Based on the 4-round distinguishing property, we can mount a successful attack on 8-round ARIA-256. Furthermore, the 4-round distinguishing property could be improved which leads to a 7-round attack on ARIA-192. The data and time complexities of 7-round attack are 2120 and 2185.3, respectively. The data and time complexities of 8-round attack are 256 and 2251.6, respectively. Compared with the ex-isting cryptanalytic results on ARIA, our 5-round attack has the lowest data and time complexities and the 6-round attack has the lowest data complexity. Moreover, it is shown that 8-round ARIA-256 is not immune to the meet-in-the-middle attack.
Lipoprotein(a)-Lowering by 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L) May Be Needed to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease 20% in Secondary Prevention (2019)

High concentrations of Lp(a) are associated with high risk of recurrent CVD in individuals from the general population. This study suggests that Lp(a)-lowering by 50 mg/dL (105 nmol/L) short-term (ie, 5 years) may reduce CVD by 20% in a secondary prevention setting.
Repair of DNA lesions associated with triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (2008)

Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) are gene targeting tools that can bind in the major groove of duplex DNA in a sequence-specific manner. When bound to DNA, TFOs can inhibit gene expression, can position DNA-reactive agents to specific locations in the genome, or can induce targeted mutagenesis and recombination. There is evidence that third strand binding, alone or with an associated cross-link, is recognized and metabolized by DNA repair factors, particularly the nucleotide excision repair pathway. This review examines the evidence for DNA repair of triplex-associated lesions.
Studies in the Solubilities of the Soluble Electrolytes. III (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in the Solubilities of the Soluble Electrolytes. IIIA. F. ScottA. F. ScottMore by A. F. Scott and E. J. DurhamE. J. DurhamMore by E. J. DurhamCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1930, 34, 7, 1424–1438Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1930https://doi.org/10.1021/j150313a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (674 KB) Get e-Alerts
ELECTRICAL TRANSPORT PROPERTIES AND FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS OF CARBON NANOTUBES (2006)

This paper presents a review on our recent work on carbon nanotube field effect transistors, including the development of ohmic contacts, high-κ gate dielectric integration, chemical functionalization for conformal dielectric deposition and pushing the performance limit of nanotube FETs by channel length scaling. Due to the importance of high current operations of electronic devices, we also review the high field electrical transport properties of nanotubes on substrates and in freely suspended forms. Owing to their unique properties originating from their crystalline 1D structure and the strong covalent carbon–carbon bonding configuration, carbon nanotubes are highly promising as building blocks for future electronics. They are found to perform favorably in terms of ON-state current density as compared to the existing silicon technology, owing to their superb electron transport properties and compatibility with high-κ gate dielectrics. Future directions and challenges for carbon nanotube-based electronics are also discussed.