gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-stub quarter wave superconducting resonator design (2006)

This paper describes the electromagnetic and mechanical properties of a 150 MHz $\ensuremath{\lambda}/4$, 3-gap structure with two loading elements, for the velocity range $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.04--0.12$ in the context of TEM-like $\ensuremath{\lambda}/4$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}/2$ structures with multiple loading elements. A simple transmission lines model is presented and the results of Micro Wave Studio and simulations are discussed. The column of the multistub structures opens the opportunity to minimize current in locations allowing the exploitation of demountable joints and control the frequency splitting between the accelerating and other modes. These resonators are appropriate for the upgrade of the medium- and high-velocity sections of the ANU Heavy-Ion Accelerator Facility. Because of the broad velocity range for which such structures can be tailored, they can also be used in spallation neutron sources and rare isotope accelerators.
Retrieving information with interactive videodiscs (1983)

Abstract Although early interest in videodiscs focused on their storage capaclty and rapid access to all types of visual and auditory data, the ultimate success of interactive videodiscs may well lie in their Capabilities as tools of information retrieval. The authors describe applications which may unfold in a variety of settings using videodiscs with online databases, identify underlying technical capabilities, and discuss five operations required to implement any application: (1) coordinatlng diverse formats: (2) indexing; (3) physically arranging items on the disc: (4) designing input, search, and output; and (5) modifying the system.
Prospective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operations in the Future National Airspace System (2004)

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) market is expected to grow dramatically by 2020, as military, civil and commercial applications continue to develop. The National Airspace System (NAS) is also expected to change significantly over the next 16 years, with the introduction of new technologies and procedures. Potential changes include the creation of an information management system to exchange information among Air Traffic Management users and providers, the introduction of 4-D navigation, and the development of alternative separation procedures. This paper compares prospective UAV applications against underlying assumptions of the future NAS. Seven UAV operational scenarios that describe how UAVs may operate in the future NAS are presented. The impact of each scenario on the future NAS is summarized, and associated issues identified. The paper concludes by describing the need for a UAV roadmap to the future, which would identify the critical steps required to ensure UAVs are fully integrated into the future NAS.
Sabin-Feldman Dye Test for Toxoplasmosis (1969)

The addition of sodium citrate to certain accessory-factor (AF) serum samples for inclusion in the Sabin-Feldman dye test decreased the proportion of nonstaining Toxoplasma from unacceptable to acceptable levels. This procedure also made easier the location of suitable AF donors, and eliminated the problem of a precipitate, frequently encountered in plasma intended for use as AF. A paper-disc method for collecting and storing blood for antibody determination was proved to be highly accurate for use in the dye test by comparing the titer of eluate from filter-paper discs containing capillary blood with the titer of serum from venous blood collected from a group of blood donors. It was also observed that blood on filter-paper discs usually could be stored for several weeks at room temperature without appreciable loss of antibody titer. Furthermore, it was demonstrated experimentally that accurate antibody determinations could be made from discs containing blood of rats collected several hours after death.
Optimization of Saliva Collection and Immunochromatographic Detection of Salivary Pepsin for Point-of-Care Testing of Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (2020)

Salivary pepsin is a promising marker for the non-invasive diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). For reliable results regarding pepsin in saliva, it is critical to standardize the collection, storage, and pre-processing methods. In this study, we optimized the saliva collection protocols, including storage conditions, i.e., solution, temperature, and time, and the pre-processing filter for pepsin. Moreover, we prepared a simple immunochromatographic strip for the rapid detection of pepsin and evaluated its sensing performance. As a result, we selected a polypropylene (PP) filter as the pre-processing filter for salivary pepsin in low resource settings, such as those where point of care testing (POCT) is conducted. This filter showed a similar efficiency to the centrifuge (standard method). Finally, we detected the pepsin using gold nanoparticles conjugated with monoclonal pepsin antibody. Under optimized conditions, the lower limit of detection for pepsin test strips was determined as 0.01 μg/mL. Furthermore, we successfully detected the salivary pepsin in real saliva samples of LPR patients, which were pre-processed by the PP filter. Therefore, we expect that our saliva collection protocol and pepsin immunochromatographic strip can be utilized as useful tools for a non-invasive diagnosis/screening of LPR in POCT.
Multimodal wavelet embedding representation for data combination (MaWERiC): integrating magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy for prostate cancer detection (2011)

Recently, both Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging (MRI) and Spectroscopy (MRS) have emerged as promising tools for detection of prostate cancer (CaP). However, due to the inherent dimensionality differences in MR imaging and spectral information, quantitative integration of T(2) weighted MRI (T(2)w MRI) and MRS for improved CaP detection has been a major challenge. In this paper, we present a novel computerized decision support system called multimodal wavelet embedding representation for data combination (MaWERiC) that employs, (i) wavelet theory to extract 171 Haar wavelet features from MRS and 54 Gabor features from T(2)w MRI, (ii) dimensionality reduction to individually project wavelet features from MRS and T(2)w MRI into a common reduced Eigen vector space, and (iii), a random forest classifier for automated prostate cancer detection on a per voxel basis from combined 1.5 T in vivo MRI and MRS. A total of 36 1.5 T endorectal in vivo T(2)w MRI and MRS patient studies were evaluated per voxel by MaWERiC using a three-fold cross validation approach over 25 iterations. Ground truth for evaluation of results was obtained by an expert radiologist annotations of prostate cancer on a per voxel basis who compared each MRI section with corresponding ex vivo wholemount histology sections with the disease extent mapped out on histology. Results suggest that MaWERiC based MRS T(2)w meta-classifier (mean AUC, μ = 0.89 ± 0.02) significantly outperformed (i) a T(2)w MRI (using wavelet texture features) classifier (μ = 0.55 ± 0.02), (ii) a MRS (using metabolite ratios) classifier (μ = 0.77 ± 0.03), (iii) a decision fusion classifier obtained by combining individual T(2)w MRI and MRS classifier outputs (μ = 0.85 ± 0.03), and (iv) a data combination method involving a combination of metabolic MRS and MR signal intensity features (μ = 0.66 ± 0.02).
Synthesis and Potent Antifolate Activity and Cytotoxicity of B-Ring Deaza Analogues of the Nonpolyglutamatable Dihydrofolate Reductase Inhibitor <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(4-Amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-<i>N</i><sup>δ</sup>-hemiphthaloyl-<scp>l</scp>-ornithine (PT523) (1998)

Six new B-ring analogues of the nonpolyglutamatable antifolate Nalpha-(4-amino-4-deoxypteroyl)-Ndelta-hemiphthaloy l-L-ornithine (PT523, 3) were synthesized with a view to determining the effect of modifications at the 5- and/or 8-position on dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) binding and tumor cell growth inhibition. The 5- and 8-deaza analogues were prepared from methyl 2-L-amino-5-phthalimidopentanoate and 4-amino-4-deoxy-N10-formyl-5-deaza- and -8-deazapteroic acid, respectively. The 5,8-dideaza analogues were prepared from methyl 2-L-[(4-aminobenzoyl)amino]-5-phthalimidopentanoate and 2, 4-diaminoquinazoline-6-carbonitriles. The Ki for inhibition of human DHFR by the 5-deaza and 5-methyl-5-deaza analogues was about the same as that of 3 (0.35 pM), 11-fold lower than that of aminopterin (AMT, 1), and 15-fold lower than that of methotrexate (MTX, 2). However the Ki of the 8-deaza analogue was 27-fold lower than that of 1, and that of the 5,8-dideaza, 5-methyl-5,8-dideaza, and 5-chloro-5,8-dideaza analogues was approximately 50-fold lower. This trend was consistent with the published literature on the corresponding DHFR inhibitors with a glutamate side chain. In colony formation assays against the human head and neck squamous carcinoma cell line SCC25 after 72 h of treatment, the 5- and 8-deaza analogues were approximately as potent as 3, whereas the 5,8-dideaza analogue was 3 times more potent. 5-Methyl and 5-chloro substitution was also favorable, with the 5-methyl-5-deaza analogue being 2. 5-fold more potent than the 5-deaza analogue. However the effect of 5-methyl substitution was less pronounced in the 5,8-dideaza analogues than in the 5-deaza analogues. The 5-chloro-5,8-dideaza analogue of 3 was the most active member of the series, with an IC50 = 0.33 nM versus 1.8 nM for 3 and 15 nM for MTX. The 5-methyl-5-deaza analogue of 3 was also tested at the National Cancer Institute against a panel of 50 human tumor cell lines in culture and was consistently more potent than 3, with IC50 values in the low-nanomolar to subnanomolar range against most of the tumors. Leukemia and colorectal carcinoma cell lines were generally most sensitive, though good activity was also observed against CNS tumors and carcinomas of the breast and prostate. The results of this study demonstrate that B-ring analogues of 3 inhibit DHFR activity and tumor cell colony formation as well as, or better than, the parent compound. In view of the fact that 3 and its B-ring analogues cannot form polyglutamates, their high cytotoxicity relative to the corresponding B-ring analogues of AMT is noteworthy.
The Potential of Probiotics to Eradicate Gut Carriage of Pathogenic or Antimicrobial-Resistant Enterobacterales (2021)

Probiotic supplements have been used to decrease the gut carriage of antimicrobial-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> through changes in the microbiota and metabolomes, nutrition competition, and the secretion of antimicrobial proteins. Many probiotics have shown <i>Enterobacterales</i>-inhibiting effects ex vivo and in vivo. In livestock, probiotics have been widely used to eradicate colon or environmental antimicrobial-resistant <i>Enterobacterales</i> colonization with promising efficacy for many years by oral supplementation, in ovo use, or as environmental disinfectants. In humans, probiotics have been used as oral supplements for infants to decease potential gut pathogenic <i>Enterobacterales</i>, and probiotic mixtures, especially, have exhibited positive results. In contrast to the beneficial effects in infants, for adults, probiotic supplements might decrease potentially pathogenic <i>Enterobacterales</i>, but they fail to completely eradicate them in the gut. However, there are several ways to improve the effects of probiotics, including the discovery of probiotics with gut-protection ability and antimicrobial effects, the modification of delivery methods, and the discovery of engineered probiotics. The search for multifunctional probiotics and synbiotics could render the eradication of "bad" <i>Enterobacterales</i> in the human gut via probiotic administration achievable in the future.
OPTIMIZATION CALCULATIONS FOR A 30 HZ, 4 K REGENERATOR WITH HELIUM-3 WORKING FLUID (2010)

The NIST numerical software, REGEN3.3, which incorporates both He-4 and He-3 properties, was used to calculate the losses and second law efficiencies of 4 K regenerators operating at 30 Hz. Operating parameters, such as average pressure, pressure ratio, and warm-end temperature were varied to investigate the effect of non-ideal gas properties. Regenerator parameters such as matrix material and shape, hydraulic diameter, and regenerator geometry were varied to investigate losses due to non-ideal regenerator behavior. The results show that He-3 can increase the regenerator efficiency by a factor of at least two compared to a regenerator optimized for He-4. A layered regenerator of gadolinium oxysulfate (GOS) at the cold end and ErPr at the warm end is the best of many material combinations. A regenerator with parallel holes of about 20 % porosity showed only slight improvement over one with packed spheres. The regenerator warm-end temperature has little effect on its efficiency for temperatures below 35 K and pressures of 1.0 MPa and above. An optimized 4 K He-3 regenerator uses layered GOS and ErPr with the warm end at about 30 K and an average pressure of about 1.0 MPa. With those optimum conditions a reduced regenerator loss of 0.36 and a regenerator second law efficiency of 25 % are achieved.
<i>N</i>-Methoxy-<i>N</i>-acylnitrenium Ions:  Application to the Formal Synthesis of (±)-Desmethylamino FR901483 (2001)

[reaction: see text] The formal synthesis of (+/-)-desmethylamino FR901483 (2) is described. Construction of the unique azatricyclic skeleton of 2 was accomplished by a sequence which involved (i) preparation of dienone 7 by an N-methoxy-N-acylnitrenium ion-induced spirocyclization, (ii) formation of 2-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane 5 by the 6-(pi-exo)-exo-trig radical cyclization of 1,7-enyne 6, and (iii) installation of the C-5 p-methoxybenzyl side chain by Lewis acid-mediated alkylation of silyl enol ether 18.
Electrical property comparison and charge transmission in p-type double gate and single gate junctionless accumulation transistor fabricated by AFM nanolithography (2012)

The junctionless nanowire transistor is a promising alternative for a new generation of nanotransistors. In this letter the atomic force microscopy nanolithography with two wet etching processes was implemented to fabricate simple structures as double gate and single gate junctionless silicon nanowire transistor on low doped p-type silicon-on-insulator wafer. The etching process was developed and optimized in the present work compared to our previous works. The output, transfer characteristics and drain conductance of both structures were compared. The trend for both devices found to be the same but differences in subthreshold swing, 'on/off' ratio, and threshold voltage were observed. The devices are 'on' state when performing as the pinch off devices. The positive gate voltage shows pinch off effect, while the negative gate voltage was unable to make a significant effect on drain current. The charge transmission in devices is also investigated in simple model according to a junctionless transistor principal.
Antagonists of the Platelet P<i><sub>2T</sub></i> Receptor:  A Novel Approach to Antithrombotic Therapy (1999)

The platelet P2T receptor plays a major role in platelet aggregation, and its antagonists are predicted to have significant therapeutic potential as antithrombotic agents. We have explored analogues of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is a weak, nonselective but competitive P2T receptor antagonist. Modification of the polyphosphate side chain to prevent breakdown to the agonist adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and substitution of the adenine moiety to enhance affinity and selectivity for the P2T receptor led to the identification of 10e (AR-C67085MX), having an IC50 of 2.5 nM against ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. Compound 10e was the first very potent antagonist of the P2T receptor, with a selectivity for that subtype of the P2 receptor family of >1000-fold. Further modification of the structure produced compound 10l (AR-C69931MX) having an IC50 of 0.4 nM. In vivo, at maximally effective antithrombotic doses, there is little prolongation of bleeding time (1.4-fold), which is in marked contrast to the 5-6-fold found with GPIIb/IIIa antagonists.
A computational theory of spatio-temporal aggregation for visual analysis of objects in dynamic environments / (1980)

A theory of spatio-temporal aggregation is introduced as an explanation of what it is possible to compute at an early stage in the visual analysis of objects. Spatio-temporal aggregation is defined as the process of grouping together elements in an image sequence whose motions and positions have consistent interpretations as the retinal projections of a coherent or isolated cluster of 'particles' in the physical world. The information abstracted by spatio-temporal aggregation represents early decisions about which distinct elements belong to the same physical entities or object fragments and estimations of the motions of those fragments relative to the observer. The assumptions of confluence and adjacency are made in order to constrain the infinity of possible interpretations to a computationally more manageable domain of plausible interpretations. It is shown that confluence and adjacency lead to the derivation of specific rules for grouping which permit the appropriate aggregation of rigid and quasi-rigid objects in motion and at rest under a variety of conditions. The theory is reconciled with existing computational theories of vision so as to complement them, and to provide a useful link in the continual abstraction of visual information.
Lead article: Comparing distance learning and classroom learning: Conceptual considerations (1999)

Abstract Comparison studies have been widely criticized as offering little conceptually to the field of distance learning. However, these studies can serve an important role in advancing our understanding of the phenomenon of distance education. The problem with comparison studies lies not in the “comparison,” but with the media/method confound. This article proposes a schema system based on media attribute theory that can be used to classify both media and delivery systems based on research related to learning and motivation. It is important that comparative studies explain more than just which technologies were used; they must also explain why and how the media and delivery systems were used to support learning and motivation.
Comments on "Evaluation of A+B = K conditions without carry propagation (1994)

A special carry-free circuit for the evaluation of conditions of the type A+B=K is proposed by Cortadella and Llaberia (1992), and its usefulness for reducing the negative effects of conditional branches in pipelined architectures is noted. It is shown that the same advantages are offered by another equally simple circuit based on carry-save redundant numbers and (3, 2)-counters. This alternative circuit has other potential applications and much of it may in fact be already present in some ALU's.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Pharmacokinetics of Sodium Oxybate Oral Solution following Acute and Chronic Administration to Narcoleptic Patients (2004)

This trial was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and safety of a sodium oxybate (gamma-hydroxybutyrate [GHB]) oral solution in narcoleptic patients after acute and chronic treatment. An open-label, two-period, two-treatment study design was used. Trial subjects included 13 patients with polysomnographically confirmed narcolepsy. The patients were administered a bedtime dose of 4.5 g of sodium oxybate while in a sleep research center. They were subsequently treated with sodium oxybate at the nightly dose of 4.5 g for 8 weeks. The patients then returned to the sleep center and were again treated with the 4.5-g sodium oxybate dose at bedtime. Blood samples (5 mL) were collected at 18 time points before and up to 7 hours after both the first dose of sodium oxybate and following 8 weeks of dosing. Plasma samples were analyzed for oxybate content by a validated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method. Noncompartmental methods were applied in the determination of pharmacokinetic parameters from each patient's plasma oxybate concentration versus time curve. No serious adverse events were recorded, and all patients completed the study. Headache, enuresis, and leg cramps were reported as adverse experiences. With both acute and chronic dosing, sodium oxybate was rapidly absorbed and eliminated with an apparent half-life of about 40 minutes. The only changes observed in the kinetics of oxybate after 8 weeks of treatment were a 13% and 16% increase in peak concentration (C(max)) and systemic exposure (AUC), respectively. The pharmacokinetics of sodium oxybate in narcoleptic patients were not changed in any clinically significant manner when the drug was chronically administered. The drug was well tolerated.
Assessment of Pain Quality in a Clinical Trial of Gabapentin Extended Release for Postherpetic Neuralgia (2009)

The results provide further support for the importance of assessing specific pain qualities as outcomes in clinical trials. The findings may also be used by clinicians for identifying those patients for whom G-ER may be particularly effective; that is, patients with postherpetic neuralgia presenting with pain described as sharp, dull, sensitive, or itchy.
iPack: in-Network Packet Mixing for High Throughput Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

A major barrier for the adoption of wireless mesh networks is severe limits on throughput. Many in-network packet mixing techniques at the network layer [1], [2], [3] as well as the physical layer [4], [5], [6] have been shown to substantially improve throughput. However, the optimal mixing algorithm that maximizes throughput is still unknown. We propose iPack, an algorithm for in-network generation of composite packets that integrates coding at two different layers of the protocol stack: XOR-based network coding and physical layer superposition coding. Using extensive simulations, we find that the throughput gain of the joint coding iPack algorithm is 30% more than the better performer of network coding and superposition coding in a wide range of scenarios, and automatically takes advantage of the best available coding opportunities. In a typical wireless mesh network when more traffic is between the clients and access points, the average throughput improvement of iPack, our joint optimization scheduler, can be 324%, while there can be little gain (less than 10%) if network coding alone is used. We also validate our results by implementing iPack on a small-scale testbed based on GNU Radio.