gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of an anionic form of glutathione transferase present in many human tumors and human tumor cell lines. (1988)

Glutathione transferase (GST) activity and GST isoenzyme composition have been determined for 24 human neoplasms and 6 human tumor cell lines. Substantial activity (40-1010 milliunits/mg protein) was identified in all tumor specimens examined and three of the tumor cell lines. Three tumor cell lines, the human small cell carcinoma line SW2-10S, the Burkitt's lymphoma derived cell line Raji, and the human breast carcinoma cell line MCF-7, contained minimal GST activity. Although the small size of the tumor samples precluded isoenzyme analysis by substrate specificities, analysis of GST activity following sample separation by isoelectric focusing indicated that the predominant (comprising at least 70% of the 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene-conjugating activity) GST isoenzyme in each of these primary tumor (17 of 17) and tumor cell line (3 of 3) extracts was anionic (isoelectric point, 4.5-4.8). In three tumor samples, adenocarcinomas of the lung, colon, and stomach, analysis by isoelectric focusing identified minor but detectable (10-20% of total) cationic GST. The anionic form of GST has been purified to homogeneity from three primary human tumors: a malignant melanoma; a mesothelioma; and a breast carcinoma. GST from these tumors consists of two subunits each of Mr 25,200. On Western blot analysis, antibodies raised against the anionic GST purified from mesothelioma detect protein of Mr approximately 25,000 in extracts of both normal kidney and tumors containing anionic GST activity but not in extracts of human liver that did not contain detectable anionic activity. The amino acid compositions of these proteins were quite similar to that previously described for GST-pi and the amino-terminal amino acid sequences for these tumor-derived isoenzymes are identical to one another and to that previously described for GST-pi from human placenta. GST is a major enzymatic activity in many human malignancies, comprising as much as 3% of the cytosolic protein of some tumors. Anionic GST is the predominant form of glutathione transferase activity in many human tumors and human tumor cell lines. In selected tumor samples the predominant anionic GST isoenzyme has been identified as a member of the pi class of this enzyme family. In addition, at least 3 of 17 tumor samples contained lesser but detectable amounts of cationic GST, probably of the alpha class. By conjugating glutathione with electrophilic anticancer drugs, the substantial levels of GST in human tumors may have a role in the innate or acquired resistance of these neoplasms to anticancer therapy.
Model Predictive Stabilization Control of High-Speed Autonomous Ground Vehicles Considering the Effect of Road Topography (2018)

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) scheme for the stabilization of high-speed autonomous ground vehicles (AGVs) considering the effect of road topography. Accounting for the road curvature and bank angle, a single-track dynamic model with roll dynamics is derived. Variable time steps are utilized for vehicle model discretization, enabling collision avoidance in the long-term without compromising the prediction accuracy in the near-term. Accordingly, safe driving constraints including the sideslip envelope, zero-moment-point and lateral safety corridor are developed to handle stability and obstacle avoidance. Taking these constraints into account, an MPC problem is formulated and solved at each step to determine the optimal steering control commands. Moreover, feedback corrections are integrated into the MPC to compensate the unmodeled dynamics and parameter uncertainties. Comparative simulations validate the capability and real-time ability of the proposed control scheme.
Scalable Plasmid Transfer using Engineered P1-based Phagemids (2012)

Dramatic improvements to computational, robotic, and biological tools have enabled genetic engineers to conduct increasingly sophisticated experiments. Further development of biological tools offers a route to bypass complex or expensive mechanical operations, thereby reducing the time and cost of highly parallelized experiments. Here, we engineer a system based on bacteriophage P1 to transfer DNA from one E. coli cell to another, bypassing the need for intermediate DNA isolation (e.g., minipreps). To initiate plasmid transfer, we refactored a native phage element into a DNA module capable of heterologously inducing phage lysis. After incorporating known cis-acting elements, we identified a novel cis-acting element that further improves transduction efficiency, exemplifying the ability of synthetic systems to offer insight into native ones. The system transfers DNAs up to 25 kilobases, the maximum assayed size, and operates well at microliter volumes, enabling manipulation of most routinely used DNAs. The system's large DNA capacity and physical coupling of phage particles to phagemid DNA suggest applicability to biosynthetic pathway evolution, functional proteomics, and ultimately, diverse molecular biology operations including DNA fabrication.
Parallel SQL Query Auto-Tuning on Multicore (2011)

Multicore processors with several processors on a chip are standard, so applications need to be parallel in order to exploit the performance potential. Relational database systems are important applications that can exploit new opportunities for parallelism within queries. Intra-query parallelism offers additional performance potential that could not be exploited easily on earlier hardware. Addressing this important issue, this paper focuses on a difficult scenario for performance improvement: the parallelization of joins in I/O intensive multi-join queries. Our approach has the significant advantage that is does not require a rewrite of existing query optimizers from scratch. We boost query speed on multicore systems using query execution plans that are generated by sequential optimizers. This is the first paper to (1) auto-tune parallel query performance by adjusting the structure of multi-threaded pipelines that are superimposed over sequential query plans; (2) employ double-pipelined hash joins that are multithreaded to boost performance; (3) let an auto-tuner decide how to adapt parallelism to the hardware environment by exchanging hash join algorithms in the query plan; (4) present a demonstration and working strategies for multithreaded query auto-tuning on shared-memory multicore systems. Our evaluations show that queries can execute up to a factor of 3 faster on a quad-core machine, and that queries from the industry TPC-H benchmark can execute up to 47% faster compared to sequential execution. The results are remarkable considering the I/O bound context. Using PostgreSQL’s code as an example, we also discuss the software engineering issues for the adaptation of real-world database systems.
Granular quantization noise in the first-order delta-sigma modulator (1993)

A unified approach to analyzing the granular quantization error of the first-order Delta Sigma modulator is presented. The approach handles many of the previously analyzed input sequences in addition to a large class of new input sequences. By averaging over the arbitrarily small amount of circuit noise assumed to be present at the analog input to the Delta Sigma modulator, a simple expression for the autocorrelation of the quantization error is derived. Each term in the expression is formally equal to the quantization error of a nonoverloaded uniform quantizer operating upon a finite partial sum of consecutive input sequence samples. Hence, existing results concerning uniform quantizers are directly applicable in evaluating the autocorrelation expression for specific input sequences. The theory is also applicable to deterministic input sequences, and has been applied to obtain a new closed-form result for sinusoidal input sequences. Ergodic results which assert that, under mild conditions, the autocorrelation equals the time-average autocorrelation in probability are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Training effect of exchange bias in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi><mml:mtext>−</mml:mtext><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>coated<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Fe</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>nanoparticles (2004)

Training effect of exchange bias in the $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ coated $\mathrm{Fe}$ nanoparticles were studied. The experimental results indicate that the frozen spins in $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ shells are responsible for both the horizontal and vertical shifts of the field-cooling hysteresis loops. To understand exchange bias and training effect in the nanoparticles, we modified the Stoner-Wohlfarth model by adding the unidirectional anisotropy energy term to the total energy. It is found that the exchange bias and training effect in the nanoparticles can be well interpreted within the modified model. Since the configuration of the frozen spins was gradually varying as the applied field cycled for the hysteresis loop measurements, the number of the spins frozen along the cooling-field direction decreased, consequently, the exchange bias field ${H}_{E}$ became smaller.
Out of Obscurity: The Emergence of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in “That Vast Empire” of Russia (1993)

announced the appointment of apostle Orson Hyde and George J. Adams to serve as missionaries in “that vast empire” of Russia, with which, he continued, are connected “some of the most important things concerning the advancement and building up of the kingdom of God in the last days, which cannot be explained at this time” (HC 6:41). Although months of preparation followed this announcement, the two men never served in Russia. Much later, in 1903, the land of Russia was dedicated for missionary work by an apostle, Francis M. Lyman, who offered dedicatory prayers in St. Petersburg and Moscow. Subsequently, many Church leaders and members, professional men and women, statesmen, educators, and, significantly, BYU performing groups helped prepare the way for the introduction of the restored gospel to Russia. It was especially during Gorbachev’s era of glasnost, beginning in 1985, that conditions gradually became favorable for establishing a mission in that country. In particular, Elder Russell M. Nelson, assisted by European area president Hans B. Ringger and Austria Vienna East and Finland Helsinki mission presidents Dennis B. Neuenschwander and Steven R. Mecham, established vital contacts, opened doors long closed, and commenced the missionary effort. By the time my wife and I, accompanied by our three youngest children—Betsy, Katie, and Jon—arrived to begin our missionary service in what was originally named the Finland Helsinki East Mission, three young, but already flourishing, branches of the Church existed: the largest in Leningrad, with nearly a hundred members; then Tallinn, Estonia, with almost fifty members; and Vyborg (located between Helsinki and Leningrad), with approximately twenty-five members. Many of the earliest Russian and Estonian members joined the Church while visiting abroad in Europe and, especially, Finland. Finnish members of the Church, among them the Kemppainens, Jakkos, Laitinens, Kirsis, Lammintauses, Rotos, and Forsmans, were particularly active in friendshipping, teaching, fellowshipping, and training Soviet members and their friends.
Plasma histamine concentrations in atopic eczema (1983)

Plasma histamine concentrations were determined using a radio-enzymatic assay in fifty-four patients suffering from atopic eczema and in thirty-nine controls (contact dermatitis, psoriasis and normal non-atopic healthy volunteers). While in none of the controls histamine levels in plasma exceeded 1 ng/ml, seventeen out of fifty-four patients with atopic eczema showed increased plasma histamine concentrations ranging between 1.2 and 5.2 ng/ml. Elevated plasma histamine levels were found mostly in patients with severe eczema and high serum IgE levels. Longitudinal studies in seven patients revealed normal plasma histamine values during clinical remission.
X-ray lithography (1988)

X-ray lithography with wavelengths between 0.2 and 5 nm provides both high-structural resolution as good as 0.1 μm and a wide scope of advantages for the application in circuit production. Examples for this better process performance compared to optical techniques are: lower particle and dust sensitivity, applicability of simple single-layer resist technique, high depth of focus without any influence of substrate material and chip topography, and presumably, the highest throughput of all lithography methods which are able to go into the submicron range. However, the introduction of x-ray lithography into the semiconductor production means a revolutionary change of production technology. This begins with a completely different mask technology which makes, for example, the classical separation of mask substrate fabrication from pattern generation by different manufacturers very problematical and ends with the necessity to introduce x-ray lithography in relatively large production capacity units consisting of a larger number of x-ray steppers. The latter is caused by the fact that a storage ring—even in the smallest version, e.g., COSY (Kompakt Speicherring für Synchrotronstrahlung)—has to supply up to 10 x-ray steppers with light in order to clearly beat the optical techniques with respect to throughput and lower cost level. To prove such statements in pilot production lines, the necessary tools and components for x-ray lithography are already or will be available for the first time on a commercial basis in the very near future. Especially steppers, sources, and resists with satisfying specifications have been announced by a growing number of vendors. The most critical problem at present is the mask technology and the tools for defect elimination. However, with the existing technologies, the requirements for 0.5-μm-design rules will be met very soon on a pilot scale.
Hypoxia tolerance in the Norrin-deficient retina and the chronically hypoxic brain studied at single-cell resolution (2019)

The mammalian CNS is capable of tolerating chronic hypoxia, but cell type-specific responses to this stress have not been systematically characterized. In the Norrin KO (<i>Ndp</i><sup><i>KO</i></sup> ) mouse, a model of familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR), developmental hypovascularization of the retina produces chronic hypoxia of inner nuclear-layer (INL) neurons and Muller glia. We used single-cell RNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, and metabolite labeling from <sup>13</sup>C-glucose to compare WT and <i>Ndp</i><sup><i>KO</i></sup> retinas. In <i>Ndp</i><sup><i>KO</i></sup> retinas, we observe gene expression responses consistent with hypoxia in Muller glia and retinal neurons, and we find a metabolic shift that combines reduced flux through the TCA cycle with increased synthesis of serine, glycine, and glutathione. We also used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare the responses of individual cell types in <i>Ndp</i><sup><i>KO</i></sup> retinas with those in the hypoxic cerebral cortex of mice that were housed for 1 week in a reduced oxygen environment (7.5% oxygen). In the hypoxic cerebral cortex, glial transcriptome responses most closely resemble the response of Muller glia in the <i>Ndp</i><sup><i>KO</i></sup> retina. In both retina and brain, vascular endothelial cells activate a previously dormant tip cell gene expression program, which likely underlies the adaptive neoangiogenic response to chronic hypoxia. These analyses of retina and brain transcriptomes at single-cell resolution reveal both shared and cell type-specific changes in gene expression in response to chronic hypoxia, implying both shared and distinct cell type-specific physiologic responses.
USE OF COMPUTERS FOR ROAD DESIGN. (1969)

Keywords WEST RIDING COUNTY COUNCIL USE, COMPUTERS, ROADS, DESIGN, AIDS, HIGHWAYS, PROJECTS, GROUND, MODELS, SURVEYS, EARTHWORKS, MANAGEMENT, ORGANISATION, SUPERELEVATION UK... Show All
The Optimal Sample Size for Contingent Valuation Surveys: Applications to Project Analysis (2000)

One of the first questions that has to be answered in the survey design process is "How many subjects should be interviewed?" The answer can have significant implications for the cost of project preparation, since in Latin America and the Caribbean costs per interview can range from US$20 to US$100. Traditionally, the sample size question has been answered in an unsatisfactory way by either dividing an exogenously fixed survey budget by the cost per interview or by employing some variant of a standard statistical tolerance interval formula. The answer is not to be found in the environmental economics literature. But, it can be developed by adapting a Bayesian decision analysis approach from business statistics. The paper explains and illustrates, with a worked example, the rationale for and mechanics of a sequential Bayesian optimization technique, which is only applicable when there is some monetary payoff to alternative courses of action that can be linked to the sample data.
75th Anniversary of December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor: Did We Learn Anything? Yes! 9/11: Did We Learn Anything? Not So Much. (2017)

I wrote this on 75th anniversary of attack on Pearl Harbor. As I thought about struggle that followed, and compared it to what we face today, some things became clear. I wrote them in attached paper. My hope is that we all realize that Arabs, Persians, Somalis, and all other Muslims are not our enemy. Our enemy is doctrines that have first enslaved them, and then caused them to attack others. As it says in Ephesians 6, our struggle is not against flesh and blood people, but against the rulers, against powers, against world forces of this darkness, against spiritual forces of wickedness in the  heavenly places.  In this present case, our enemy is militant doctrines of Islam.
A Framework for Information Processing in the Diagnosis of Sleep Apnea (2011)

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders. It is characterized by repetitive obstruction of the upper airways during sleep. The frequency of such events can range up to hundreds of events per sleep-hour. Full closure of the airways is termed apnea, and a partial closure is known as hypopnea. The number of apnea/hypopnea events per hour is known as the AHI-index, and is used by clinical community as a measure of the severity of OSA. OSA, when untreated, presents as a major public health concern throughout the world. OSA patients use health facilities at twice the average rate (Delaive, Roos, Manfreda, & Kryger, 1998), causing huge pressures on national healthcare systems. OSA is associated with serious complications such as cardiovascular disease, stroke, (Barber & Quan, 2002; Kryger, 2000,), and sexual impotence. It also causes cognitive deficiencies, low IQ in children, fatigue, and accidents. Australian Sleep Association reported (ASA, 1999) that in the state of New South Wales alone 11,000–43,000 traffic accidents per year were attributable to untreated-OSA.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Some measures for asymmetry of distributions (2007)

We propose several measures, functional and scalar, for asymmetry of distributions by comparing the behavior of probability densities to the right and left of the mode(s) and show how to generate classes of equivalent distributions from a given distribution, allowing for varying asymmetry but retaining some information theoretic properties of the original distribution, such as the entropy.
A 62.8 mW 4&#x00D7;4 MIMO-OFDM modem with one-symbol-locked timing recovery, frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch estimation and adaptive equalization (2009)

A 4×4 multi-input multi-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) modem with one-symbol-locked timing recovery, anti-I/Q mismatch frequency recovery, frequency-dependent I/Q mismatch estimation and adaptive equalization is implemented in 0.13-¿m CMOS library. This chip occupies 4.6×4.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 62.8 mW at 1.2 V.
A Multiport Microsecond Optical Circuit Switch for Data Center Networking (2013)

We experimentally evaluate the network-level switching time of a functional 23-host prototype hybrid optical circuit-switched/electrical packet-switched network for datacenters called Mordia (Microsecond Optical Research Datacenter Interconnect Architecture). This hybrid network uses a standard electrical packet switch and an optical circuit-switched architecture based on a wavelength-selective switch that has a measured mean port-to-port network reconfiguration time of 11.5 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\rm s}$</tex> </formula> including the signal acquisition by the network interface card. Using multiple parallel rings, we show that this architecture can scale to support the large bisection bandwidth required for future datacenters.
Drug Delivery by Soft Matter: Matrix and Vesicular Carriers (2008)

The increasing need for drug delivery systems that improve specificity and activity and at the same time reduce toxicity to ensure maximum treatment safety has led to the development of a great variety of drug vectors. Carriers based on soft matter have particularly interesting characteristics. Herein we present the current standing of the research in this area, and focus on two main families, namely matrix systems and vesicles. We outline the structure, properties, and potential applications of these vectors, and discuss their main advantages and drawbacks in their synthesis.
Autocorrelation measurement of femtosecond laser pulses by use of a ZnSe two-photon detector array (1999)

We demonstrate autocorrelation measurements of 85-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses, using a 32-pixel ZnSe detector array in a single-shot geometry. The two-photon photoconductor is fabricated by deposition of an array of interdigitated gold fingers on a single-crystal ZnSe substrate.