gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proline in α‐helix: Stability and conformation studied by dynamics simulation (1991)

Free-energy simulations have been used to estimate the change in the conformational stability of short polyalanine alpha-helices when one of the alanines is replaced by a proline residue. For substituting proline in the middle of the helix the change in free energy of folding (delta delta G degrees) was calculated as 14 kJ/mol (3.4 kcal/mol), in excellent agreement with the one available experimental value. The helix containing proline was found to be strongly kinked; the free energy for reducing the angle of the kink from 40 degrees to 15 degrees was calculated, and found to be small. A tendency to alternate hydrogen bonding schemes was observed in the proline-containing helix. These observations for the oligopeptide agree well with the observation of a range of kink angles (18-35 degrees) and variety of hydrogen bonding schemes, in the rare instances where proline occurs in helices in globular proteins. For substituting proline at the N-terminus of the helix the change in free energy of folding (delta delta G degrees) was calculated as -4 kJ/mol in the first helical position (N1) and +6 kJ/mol in the second helical position (N2). The observed frequent occurrence of proline in position N1 in alpha-helices in proteins therefore has its origin in stability differences of secondary structure. The conclusion reached here that proline may be a better helix former in position N1 than (even) alanine, and thus be a helix initiator may be testable experimentally by measurements of fraction helical conformation of individual residues in oligopeptides of appropriate sequence. The relevance of these results in regards to the frequent occurrence of proline-containing helices in certain membrane proteins is discussed.
Comportamento do Motor de Indução Trifásico Alimentado por Inversor de Freqüência Incluindo os Efeitos da Saturação Magnética (2005)

Este artigo apresenta um estudo do motor de indução trifásico alimentado por um inversor de freqüência, considerando os efeitos da saturação magnética, tanto no valor eficaz, como nas distorções na forma de onda de tensão ou corrente. Estes efeitos são contemplados em uma modelagem matemática específica, cujas variáveis de estado são grandezas de fase. Resultados experimentais, e de simulações computacionais com e sem saturação são confrontados.
High-degree temporal antialiasing (2002)

We propose the use of high-degree resampling filters for improved temporal antialiasing, or as the result is often called motion blur. Without temporal antialiasing, strange effects can occur within an animation, for example, wheels can appear to spin backwards at a certain speed. In a typical effort to overcome this, the camera shutter is left open over some period of time during the frame, leading to temporal box filtering. Even with a temporal box filter, aliasing can still occur. We show how a high-degree resampling filter, such as the Gaussian or cubic-spline lead to superior results in all cases, without the need for constant scrutiny and hand tweaking on the part of the animator.
Dietary fat, fatty acids and prostate cancer (1992)

International comparisons suggest a relationship between prostate cancer incidence and dietary fat, an inference supported by migration studies, the changing incidence rates and levels of animal fat consumption in Japan and the results from some case-control studies. Overall, however, epidemiological studies have been inconclusive, and although prostate cancer is one of the hormone-dependent tumors, evidence of interactions between dietary fats and male endocrine function is incomplete. Laboratory experimentation has shown that n-6 fatty acids stimulate and n-3 fatty acids inhibit human prostate cancer cells in culture; also, feeding diets rich in marine oils suppresses growth of these cells as solid tumors in athymic nude mice. These growth effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids appear to involve both prostaglandins and leukotrienes and to interconnect with autocrine regulation by epidermal growth factor-related polypeptides.
Electromagnetic parameters of a three phase transverse flux machine with an external rotor for wheel hub drives (2010)

The transverse flux machine with a permanent magnet excited rotor is one of the most important machine topology for the application with electric driven vehicles. In particular with wheel hub drive systems, the design of such a machine with an external rotor is favourably against conventional induction machines due to the high output torque in conjunction with low heat losses. The paper discusses 3D finite element analyses of a novel design of a three phase transverse flux machine with an external rotor. In order to setup an environment suitable for a prototype design of the single sided transverse flux machine, special attention has to be given to modelling as well as analysis methods. The results presented here are focussed on the most important electromagnetic parameters such as no-load voltages, short-circuit currents and electromagnetic torque.
Suboptimal command generation for control moment gyroscopes and feedback control of spacecraft (1995)

This paper presents a suboptimal gimbal-angle command generation technique and a Lyapunov-based tracking control law for control moment gyroscopes. The formulation of the open-loop maneuver problem exploits the principle of conservation of angular momentum. This allows for a reduction in the dimensionality of the problem— only the kinematics need be considered. The gimbal rates are parametrized as polynomial functions of time, and the parameters are optimized. The objective function of the optimization is the singularity measure. The optimal null motion used is determined after computing the open-loop gimbal-rate profiles. A feedback strategy is used to track the open-loop reference attitude and angular velocity profiles. Null motion is also used to allow the closedloop gimbal angles to follow the open-loop gimbal-angle histories. This procedure avoids neighboring singularities and also provides repeatability. Simulation results are presented for rest-to-rest maneuvers using a model of a ground-based test article. The results show that a wide domain of singularity-free operation around the reference solution can be provided with this approach.
Cytokine profiles in conditioned media from cultured human intervertebral disc tissue (2005)

Intervertebral discs secrete certain cytokines into the medium when cultured in vitro, and conditioned media from cultured intervertebral discs stimulate proliferation of bone marrow stem cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Routes to Pyrrolo[2,l‐b]thiazoles. Rotational Isomerism of Pyrrolo[2,l‐b]thiazole‐ 5‐carbaldehydes. (1986)

Abstract The 2,4‐disubstituted pyrrolothiazoles (V) are prepared using some reported procedures Starting from the thiazoles (I) via the intermediates (III) or (IV).
Managing scope changes for cellular network-level anomaly detection (2014)

The Self-Organizing Networks (SON) concept is increasingly being used as an approach for managing complex, dynamic mobile radio networks. In this paper we focus on the verification component of SON, which is the ability to automatically detect problems such as performance degradation or network instability stemming from configuration management changes. In previous work, we have shown how Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) that are continuously collected from network cells can be used in an anomaly detection framework to characterize the state of the network. In this study, we introduce new methods designed to handle scope changes. Such changes can include the addition of new KPIs or cells in the network, or even re-scoping the analysis from the level of a cell or group of cells to the network level. Our results, generated using real cellular network data, suggest that the proposed network-level anomaly detection can adapt to such changes in scope and accurately identify different network states based on all types of available KPIs.
Massive MIMO for Fifth Generation (5G): Opportunities and Challenges (2016)

MIMO is a technology that utilizes multiple antennas at transmitter/receiver to improve the throughput, capacity and coverage of wireless system. Massive MIMO where Base Station is equipped with orders of magnitude more antennas have shown over 10 times spectral efficiency increase over MIMO with simpler signal processing algorithms. Massive MIMO has benefits of enhanced capacity, spectral and energy efficiency and it can be built by using low cost and low power components. Despite its potential benefits, this paper also summarizes some challenges faced by massive MIMO such as antenna spatial correlation and mutual coupling as well as non-linear hardware impairments. These challenges encountered in massive MIMO uncover new problems that need further investigation.
Clustering exact matches of pairwise sequence alignments by weighted linear regression (2008)

This algorithm complements existing pairwise sequence alignment packages by replacing the time-consuming seed extension phase with a weighted linear regression for the alignment seeds. It was experimentally shown that the gain in execution time can be outstanding without compromising the accuracy. This method should be of great utility to sequence assembly and genome comparison projects.
Colorization algorithm for grayscale image by propagating seed pixels (2004)

This paper presents a method of the colorization for a black and white imagery by propagating seed pixels. Although the colorization is an ill-posed problem, in this paper, the problem is solved based on local Markov property on images. At first, a user plants some color pixels as seeds on a grayscale image. Then, colors are propagated from the seed pixels by minimizing the color difference among connected 4-pixels. In this paper, a basic propagating algorithm is proposed and modified algorithms, which can stop the propagation at edge parts by setting partitions, are introduced. By comparing with a previous algorithm, the proposed algorithm works very well for both quality and speed.
Synergistic activity of BET protein antagonist-based combinations in mantle cell lymphoma cells sensitive or resistant to ibrutinib (2015)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cells exhibit increased B-cell receptor and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activities. The bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein bromodomain 4 is essential for the transcriptional activity of NF-κB. Here, we demonstrate that treatment with the BET protein bromodomain antagonist (BA) JQ1 attenuates MYC and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6, inhibits the nuclear RelA levels and the expression of NF-κB target genes, including Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) in MCL cells. Although lowering the levels of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma (BCL)2 family proteins, BA treatment induces the proapoptotic protein BIM and exerts dose-dependent lethality against cultured and primary MCL cells. Cotreatment with BA and the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib synergistically induces apoptosis of MCL cells. Compared with each agent alone, cotreatment with BA and ibrutinib markedly improved the median survival of mice engrafted with the MCL cells. BA treatment also induced apoptosis of the in vitro isolated, ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells, which overexpress CDK6, BCL2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, and AKT, but lack ibrutinib resistance-conferring BTK mutation. Cotreatment with BA and panobinostat (pan-histone deacetylase inhibitor) or palbociclib (CDK4/6 inhibitor) or ABT-199 (BCL2 antagonist) synergistically induced apoptosis of the ibrutinib-resistant MCL cells. These findings highlight and support further in vivo evaluation of the efficacy of the BA-based combinations with these agents against MCL, including ibrutinib-resistant MCL.
Selecting pedigrees for linkage analysis of a quantitative trait: the expected number of informative meioses. (1990)

With evidence of segregation at a major locus for a quantitative trait having been found, a logical next step is to select a subset of the pedigrees to include in a linkage study to map the major locus. Ideally this subset should include much of the linkage information in the sample but include only a fraction of the pedigrees. We previously described a strategy for selecting pedigrees for linkage analysis of a quantitative trait on the basis of a pedigree likelihood-ratio statistic. For quantitative traits controlled by a major locus with a rare dominant allele, the likelihood-ratio strategy extracted nearly all the information for linkage while typically requiring marker data on only about one-third of the pedigrees. Here, we describe a new strategy to select pedigrees for linkage analysis on the basis of the expected number of potentially informative meioses in each pedigree. We demonstrate that this informative-meioses strategy provides an efficient and more general means to select pedigrees for a linkage study of a quantitative trait.
Is Daily Circulation Keeping Pace with the Nation's Growth? (1959)

This study compares circulation of daily newspapers with the total United States population for the years 1929 to 1957, also with the population 20 years old and over. The relationship of circulation to increase in number of households and families for a similar period is also shown.
Hydrodehalogenation of chlorosilanes in the presence of metal silicides: experimental studies of gas and solid phase composition related to thermodynamic calculations (1995)

Thermodynamic calculations show, in accordance with experimental investigations, that transition metals in an H2–SiCl4 atmosphere in the temperature range 600–1200 K will react to form metal silicides. With rising temperature, stoichiometry will change in the direction of silicides with a higher silicon content. The silicides formed in situ act both as a catalyst and a silicon source for the hydrogenation reaction of SiCl4 to form silanes. On the basis of the formation enthalpy of the silicides, systematization of silicide formation is possible.
Room-temperature high-performance acetone gas sensor based on hydrothermal synthesized SnO<sub>2</sub>-reduced graphene oxide hybrid composite (2014)

In this paper, we demonstrated a room-temperature acetone gas sensor based on a tin dioxide (SnO<sub>2</sub>)-reduced graphene oxide (RGO) hybrid composite film.
Development of Augmented Reality (AR) for machining simulation of 3-axis CNC milling (2013)

Machining simulation to verify the correctness of numerical control (NC) program before physically downloaded and executed to a real machine tool is a common practice in many industries. Many simulation system that previously enhanced and applied based on 3D graphics in virtual reality (VR) environment, require measuring of completely dimension of a real machine tool before modeling of a complete machine tool. Besides, a large number of machining rules and theories must be modeled correctly as well as simulate complex machining process require prior expertise knowledges. This paper proposes machining simulation system which is easier to set up and operate through integrating with the Augmented Reality (AR). By integrating AR, machining simulation can be performed on a real machine tool without the needs to model the machine itself, machining rules, and theories thus provides more accurate NC program. The developed system can assist the user for positioning collision-free set up which is commonly occurs especially when conducting complex motion during machining process. A more detailed discussion related to AR development for machining simulation is presented in the paper.
Murphy Memorial Library, Baptist Bible College and Seminary (2011)

Theological Librarianship is an open access journal publishing peer-reviewed articles, as well as essays and reviews, on subjects at the intersection of librarianship and religious and theological studies that potentially impact libraries.
Preparation of submicron particles of sparingly soluble drugs by precipitation in oil-in-water emulsions (1993)

Preparation of submicron particles of sparingly soluble drugs by precipitation in oil-in-water emulsions
Current-mode multiple input maximum circuit forfuzzy logic controllers (1994)

A new current-mode multiple input maximum circuit designed with 2n+1 transistors for n inputs is proposed. The output impedance of this circuit is the same order as that of a Wilson current source. This circuit has been fabricated using 0.8 µm CMOS technology. The experimental result has verified the function of the circuit and shown the merit of high speed and high accuracy.
Circumvention of the Basset Hound Hereditary Thrombopathy by Platelet Activation with Phorbol Myristate Acetate (1995)

Platelets from dogs with Basset hound hereditary thrombopathy (BHT) change shape but do not aggregate in response to most physiologic agonists [adenosine diphosphate (ADP), platelet-activating factor (PAF), collagen, thromboxane mimetic U46619 plus epinephrine and low concentrations of thrombin]. Aggregation in response to higher concentrations of thrombin is slow, but irreversible. The responses of normal canine and affected BHT platelets to the nonphysiologic agonist phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) were investigated. Aggregation of normal canine and affected platelets by PMA was irreversible and associated with dense granule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) secretion. The addition of PMA to [(3)H]-arachidonic acid-labelled normal and affected canine platelets had no significant effect on the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol (1,2-DAG). Activation of [(32)P]-labelled platelets by PMA was associated with rapid phosphorylation of the 47 kDa substrate of protein kinase C and slow phosphorylation of the 20 kDa myosin light chain in both groups. In affected platelets, there was reduced phosphorylation of a band of approximately 65 kDa. The identity and functional significance of this band is not known. This study provides evidence that direct activation of protein kinase C by PMA in BHT circumvents the dysfunction characteristic of Basset hound hereditary thrombopathy and that the defect must exist somewhere at a point in signal transduction prior to activation of protein base C. We also conclude that normal and affected canine platelets possess protein kinase C and a 47 kDa substrate function that is similar to human platelets.
Performance analysis of network operating systems in local area networks (2008)

In this paper, in a laboratory environment the performance of four different operating systems (Windows NT4, Windows 2000, Windows 2003, and Linux Fedora) are compared. The performance parameters measured are bandwidth and network delay. Linux Fedora provided the highest bandwidth for a file server at 17.1Mbps, Windows 2000 was fastest for a FTP (83.2Mbps), and Windows 2003 and Windows 2000 gave the highest bandwidth for a web server (4.3Mbps and 4.5Mbps respectively).
Machine Learning in Agriculture: A Review (2018)

Machine learning has emerged with big data technologies and high-performance computing to create new opportunities for data intensive science in the multi-disciplinary agri-technologies domain. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of research dedicated to applications of machine learning in agricultural production systems. The works analyzed were categorized in (a) crop management, including applications on yield prediction, disease detection, weed detection crop quality, and species recognition; (b) livestock management, including applications on animal welfare and livestock production; (c) water management; and (d) soil management. The filtering and classification of the presented articles demonstrate how agriculture will benefit from machine learning technologies. By applying machine learning to sensor data, farm management systems are evolving into real time artificial intelligence enabled programs that provide rich recommendations and insights for farmer decision support and action.
Water repellency and its measurement by using intrinsic sorptivity (1989)

Measurements of intrinsic sorptivity (S*) by using both ethanol and water were used to indicate the extent of water-repellency in soil. Experiments with initially dry, acid-purified sand verified that in a non-repellent, nonswelling porous medium S' was indeed intrinsic to the medium, and independent of the sorbing liquid. For initially water-moist, non-repellent sand, the measured S* was different when ethanol and water were the invading fluids. But a bound can be put on this difference. It was concluded that in structurally stable soils, the ratio of S* from ethanol to that for water may be used as an index of water-repellency. In the laboratory, disturbance of repellent soil by sieving or shaking effectively removed the repellency. Subsequent incubation restored it. Field measurements of sorptivity, at a scaled negative surface potential, into an initially moist, fine, sandy loam were made. While the soil appeared to absorb water normally, the sorptivity for water was an order of magnitude lower than expected from the ethanol data. This was due, we suggest, to repellency. Some possible implications of this unexpected result are discussed.
Epidemiological Studies on Rice Blast Disease (1972)

In order to know the effect of the degree of resistance or susceptibility of rice plants to fungal growth on infection rate of blast fungus, various rice varieties were grown in the field where various amounts of fertilizer were top-dressed. The disease increase was measured by lesion number and the degree of resistance or susceptibility of rice plants to blast fungus was estimated by measuring degree of hyphal growth in the leaf sheath cell. Infection rate was calculated by the equation y=y0er(t-t2/2T) or rs=2.3/(t2-t1).·log10y2/y1. The average degree of hyphal growth measured after the first day showing a minimum temperature over 18°C increased by top-dressing or late transplanting. This indicates that the degree of resistance or suscpetibility of rice plant to blast is increased by these treatments. There was found a varietal difference of average degree of hyphal growth. The regression of infection rate (r) on the average degree of hyphal growth was positive and statistically significant. Regression of infection rate in short period (rs) on degree of hyphal growth in plant cell at the presumed infection time of newly formed lesions was also positive and significant. The extent to which the degree of resistance or susceptibility of rice plants contributes to variation of both infection rates is about 40%. The effects of the degree of resistance or susceptibility of plant on both infection rates, r and rs were different between years, showing that the influence of climatic factors on infection rate is very large.
Use of Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy to Evaluate Quality Characteristics in Whole-Wheat Grain (2006)

El objetivo de este trabajo fue explorar el potencial de la espectroscopia en el visible (Vis) e infrarrojo cercano (NIR) para medir caracteristicas de calidad en el trigo (Triticum aestivum L.) para su uso en programas de mejoramiento. Cien muestras fueron analizadas por el metodo de referencia para proteina cruda (CP), gluten humedo (WG) y sulfato de dodecil de sodio (SDS) o prueba de sedimentacion. Las muestras de trigo se analizaron en un instrumento NIR (400-2500 nm) en reflectancia. El metodo de los cuadrados minimos parciales (PLS) fue utilizado para desarrollar las ecuaciones de calibracion para las caracteristicas de calidad en trigo. Los modelos de calibracion se validaron utilizando un conjunto independiente de muestras (n = 50) aleatoriamente escogido del conjunto de la poblacion. La incertidumbre de los modelos PLS de calibracion fue evaluada usando el error estandar de la prediccion (SEP). El SEP obtenido fue de 0,35% para CP, 2,04 para SDS y 4,14% para WG. Se concluyo que la espectroscopia de NIR podria utilizarse como una herramienta de seleccion para segregar genotipos de trigo en generaciones tempranas. En una etapa posterior se necesita mejorar la precision de los analisis NIR, ampliando el espectro de calibracion con la incorporacion de mas genotipos y diferentes anos de cultivo.