gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beneficial biological effects and the underlying mechanisms of molecular hydrogen - comprehensive review of 321 original articles - (2015)

Therapeutic effects of molecular hydrogen for a wide range of disease models and human diseases have been investigated since 2007. A total of 321 original articles have been published from 2007 to June 2015. Most studies have been conducted in Japan, China, and the USA. About three-quarters of the articles show the effects in mice and rats. The number of clinical trials is increasing every year. In most diseases, the effect of hydrogen has been reported with hydrogen water or hydrogen gas, which was followed by confirmation of the effect with hydrogen-rich saline. Hydrogen water is mostly given ad libitum. Hydrogen gas of less than 4 % is given by inhalation. The effects have been reported in essentially all organs covering 31 disease categories that can be subdivided into 166 disease models, human diseases, treatment-associated pathologies, and pathophysiological conditions of plants with a predominance of oxidative stress-mediated diseases and inflammatory diseases. Specific extinctions of hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite were initially presented, but the radical-scavenging effect of hydrogen cannot be held solely accountable for its drastic effects. We and others have shown that the effects can be mediated by modulating activities and expressions of various molecules such as Lyn, ERK, p38, JNK, ASK1, Akt, GTP-Rac1, iNOS, Nox1, NF-κB p65, IκBα, STAT3, NFATc1, c-Fos, and ghrelin. Master regulator(s) that drive these modifications, however, remain to be elucidated and are currently being extensively investigated.
Observation of orbiting resonances in the integral cross section of H–Xe (1974)

First Page
An architecture for real-time reasoning and system control (1992)

The Procedural Reasoning System, a generic reasoning system based on the rational-agent architecture, is described. The system has been applied to several real-time applications, including mobile robot control, system control for a surveillance aircraft, and air traffic management. Two applications that are relevant to process industries handling malfunctions for the reaction control system of NASA's Space Shuttle and diagnosing and controlling failures and overloads in a telecommunications network are discussed. Specifically, the representation and management of malfunction-handling procedures and tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high aspect-ratio high-performance polysilicon vibrating ring gyroscope. (2000)

Design, fabrication and testing of a micromachined, high aspect-ratio high-performance polysilicon vibrating ring gyroscope are presented. The polysilicon vibrating ring is 1mm in diameter, 80mum thick and 4mum wide. It is supported by eight semi-circular springs to a center post that is 120mum in diameter. Sixteen electrodes are evenly located around the structure to drive, sense and electronically tune the ring structure. To sense rotation, the ring is electrostatically vibrated into its first in-plane flexural vibration mode and the position of the node lines are capacitively monitored. In this dissertation, a detailed analysis has been performed to determine the overall sensitivity of the vibrating ring gyroscope and identify its scaling limits. Several aspects of this analysis apply to other gyroscope sensing structures. Based on this analysis, a new single-wafer, high aspect ratio, dry-release poly-silicon microfabrication technology has been developed to implement sensor structures that provide all the features required for achieving the desired high performance. This process utilizes polysilicon as the structural element with its superior and homogenous material properties and is capable of producing very thick vertical polysilicon and silicon structures using Deep Reactive Ion Etching of silicon. Various size capacitive air-gaps ranging from sub-micron to tens of micron can be realized in this technology. This process is capable of producing silicon electrodes as tall as the main body structure with a simple fabrication process that eliminates the limitations of the previous technologies. Using a bent-beam strain gauge sensor, residual stress in 80mum thick, 4mum wide trench-refilled vertical polysilicon beams has been measured to be zero. 300mum long clamped-clamped beam resonators have shown quality factors as high as 85,000 in 1mTorr vacuum. A prototype 1.7 x 1.7 mm<super>2</super> Polysilicon Ring Gyroscope (PRG) fabricated using the above technology has been tested in hybrid format. An open-loop sensitivity of 200muV/deg/sec in a dynamic range of +/-250 deg/sec was measured under low vacuum level for a prototype device. The resolution of the sensor is currently limited by the noise from the circuitry and for a prototype sensor with a quality factor (Q) of 1150 and parasitic capacitances of 2pF was measured to be less than 1 deg/sec in 1Hz bandwidth. Elimination of the parasitic capacitances and improvement in the quality factor of the ring structure are expected to reduce the resolution to 0.01 deg/sec in 1Hz bandwidth. By increasing the drive amplitude to 1mum in an asymmetric single ring gyroscope design, a minimum detectable signal of 5 x 10<super> -3</super> deg/sec (18 deg/h) in a 10Hz bandwidth can be achieved. Recommendations for improving the sensor performance to tactical and inertial grade levels are discussed at the end.
Melanocins A, B and C, New Melanin Synthesis Inhibitors Produced by Eupenicillium shearii: I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation and Biological Properties (2003)

New melanin synthesis inhibitors, melanocins A, B and C, were isolated from the fermentation broth and mycelium extract of Eupenicillium shearii F80695. Melanocin A, an isocyanide compound, inhibited mushroom tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis of B16 melanoma cells with IC50 value of 9.0 nM and MIC value of 0.9 microM, respectively. Melanocin A also inhibited growth of Streptomyces bikiniensis. While, the structurally very related but non-isocyanide compounds melanocins B and C did not show inhibitory activity in these assays. Melanocins A, B and C showed potent antioxidant activity with scavenging activity of DPPH radical and superoxide anion radical.
Intelligent prefetching and buffering for interactive streaming of MPEG Videos (2000)

In diesem technischen Bericht wird eine intelligente Puffer und Prefetching Strategie MPEG-L/MRP vorgestellt, die sich mit der adaptiven und kontinuierlichen Übertragung von MPEG-1 Videos über IP-Netzwerke beschäftigt. Die Strategie ist speziell darauf ausgerichtet, schnelle und nahtlose Reaktionen auf Benutzerinteraktionen wie z.B. Vorspulen, Rückspulen oder Sprünge zu Lesezeichen zu erzielen.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Porphyrins (1981)

Abstract A water soluble surfactant porphyrin 5,10,-15-tris (1-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-20-[4-(octadecyloxy)phenyl]21H, 23H-porphine triiodide and its metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized.
Case report: An identification of a burn victim by utilizing recent dental extraction healing sites (2000)

In the following case, the identification of a burn victim was aided by examination of the soft tissue areas on the alveolar surfaces, the sites of recent dental extractions and the evaluation of the degree of healing of these extraction sites. A review of the ante‐mortem radiographs and dental records of a suspected person who might be the burn victim revealed a history of recent extractions at the sites noted on the burn victim. This information in addition to the routine odontologic forensic landmarks aided in concluding a positive identification of the burn victim.
Murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies bind directly to glomerular antigens and form immune deposits. (1987)

Abstract The capacity of monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies, derived spontaneously from MRL-lpr/lpr mice, to bind directly to intrinsic glomerular antigens and form immune deposits was evaluated. Two antibodies, H130 (IgM-kappa) and H241 (IgG2a-kappa), bound to normal glomeruli in vitro. This binding was not inhibited by DNAase, but it was, in the case of H130, inhibited by the anti-idiotype anti-H130. Both antibodies also bound to glomerular digests on nitrocellulose. After i.v. injection, however, H241 bound to glomeruli and formed glomerular immune deposits, whereas H130 did not. Similarly, after i.p. injection of H241 hybridomas to normal mice, all mice developed glomerular immune deposits. In contrast, administration of H130 hybridomas, other anti-DNA-producing hybridomas, and other unrelated hybridomas did not lead to glomerular immune deposit formation. We conclude that certain lupus auto-antibodies can form glomerular immune deposits by binding directly to non-DNA antigenic structures that are normally present in extracellular locations within normal glomeruli.
Gravitational search algorithm based on feedback mechanism and its application in SVM (2013)

To overcome premature problem of high-dimensional multimodal function in the optimization process by Standard Gravitational Search Algorithm(SGSA),a new Gravitational Search Algorithm based on Feedback mechanism(FGSA) was proposed.Considering the large loss in population diversity during the evolution process,the distance to the optimum position and the distance to its nearest neighbor were introduced into the proposed algorithm to balance the trade-off between exploration and exploitation ability.Mutation operation was also embedded into FGSA.The test results of four benchmark functions demonstrate that FGSA has much better stability and accuracy than SGSA in finding global optimum.Furthermore,when FGSA is applied to Support Vector Machine(SVM) classification,suitable feature subsets and SVM parameters can be effectively found out,and better classification results will be obtained.
A novel electro-optic sampling system with a delay-time-tunable pulsed laser diode (2001)

A novel electro-optic sampling scheme for the characterization of a microwave signal by using an optoelectronic phase shifter as a delay-time controller is demonstrated. The current system exhibits a maximum sampling duration of up to 1.8 periods, with a temporal resolution of 0.2 ps and a measuring distortion of less than 10%. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 432–434, 2001.
Zinc and iron regulate translation of the gene encoding <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> elastase (1992)

A lasB-lacZ translational fusion (pTS400) was used to examine expression of the elastase gene (lasB) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain PAO1. Expression from the lasB-lacZ fusion was enhanced when PAO1(pTS400) was grown in a defined medium containing elevated levels of zinc (6.0 micrograms ml-1). Transcript accumulation studies on PAO1(pTS400) and PAO1 showed that the addition of zinc had a slight negative effect on lasB transcription. These results indicated that zinc regulates the expression of elastase at the translational level. A comparison between zinc regulation and iron regulation was also made. Iron has a negative effect on lasB-lacZ expression. When PAO1(pTS400) was grown in a defined medium with a low iron content (0.1 microgram ml-1) the bacteria still responded to zinc. The independent effects of low iron and high zinc concentrations suggest separate control mechanisms for the two factors. Transcript accumulation studies on PAO1 and PAO1 (pTS400) indicated that early in the growth curve iron did not influence transcription of lasB or lasB-lacZ. Later in the growth curve a slight increase in lasB-lacZ transcription was observed only in PAO1(pTS400) grown in low iron. These results suggest that the iron regulation of lasB occurs predominantly at the translational level. Finally, when PAO1(pTS400) was grown in a complex peptone-based medium, a high level of transcript accumulation accounted for elastase expression. Alterations of iron and zinc concentrations of this medium did not affect the expression of elastase. These results suggest that there may be additional environmental cues regulating lasB transcription.
Epigenetic Reprogramming by Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer in Primates (2009)

We recently demonstrated that somatic cells from adult primates could be reprogrammed into a pluripotent state by somatic cell nuclear transfer. However, the low efficiency with donor cells from one monkey necessitated the need for large oocyte numbers. Here, we demonstrate nearly threefold higher blastocyst development and embryonic stem (ES) cell derivation rates with different nuclear donor cells. Two ES cell lines were isolated using adult female rhesus macaque skin fibroblasts as nuclear donors and oocytes retrieved from one female, following a single controlled ovarian stimulation. In addition to routine pluripotency tests involving in vitro and in vivo differentiation into various somatic cell types, primate ES cells derived from reprogrammed somatic cells were also capable of contributing to cells expressing markers of germ cells. Moreover, imprinted gene expression, methylation, telomere length, and X-inactivation analyses were consistent with accurate and extensive epigenetic reprogramming of somatic cells by oocyte-specific factors.
Switching the Chemoselectivity in the Amination of 4-Chloroquinazolines with Aminopyrazoles (2009)

The chemoselectivity in the amination of 4-chloroquinazolines with 3-amino-1H-pyrazoles was studied. Under the conditions of Pd(2)(dba)(3)/Xantphos/Na(2)CO(3), 4-chloroquinazolines underwent selective amination with the cyclic secondary amino group of 3-amino-1H-pyrazoles, whereas 4-chloroquinazolines were exclusively aminated with the primary amino group of 3-amino-1H-pyrazoles via S(N)Ar substitution in the presence of HCl.
Cell–matrix interaction via CD44 is independently regulated by different metalloproteinases activated in response to extracellular Ca2+ influx and PKC activation (2004)

CD44 is an adhesion molecule that interacts with hyaluronic acid (HA) and undergoes sequential proteolytic cleavages in its ectodomain and intramembranous domain. The ectodomain cleavage is triggered by extracellular Ca(2+) influx or the activation of protein kinase C. Here we show that CD44-mediated cell-matrix adhesion is terminated by two independent ADAM family metalloproteinases, ADAM10 and ADAM17, differentially regulated in response to those stimuli. Ca(2+) influx activates ADAM10 by regulating the association between calmodulin and ADAM10, leading to CD44 ectodomain cleavage. Depletion of ADAM10 strongly inhibits the Ca(2+) influx-induced cell detachment from matrix. On the other hand, phorbol ester stimulation activates ADAM17 through the activation of PKC and small GTPase Rac, inducing proteolysis of CD44. Furthermore, depletion of ADAM10 or ADAM17 markedly suppressed CD44-dependent cancer cell migration on HA, but not on fibronectin. The spatio-temporal regulation of two independent signaling pathways for CD44 cleavage plays a crucial role in cell-matrix interaction and cell migration.
Pre‐service confidence through microteaching (1969)

The techniques of methods course instruction through microteaching are described thoroughly in this article. Some supervisors might want to employ these techniques with their student teachers.
Antigen-presenting properties of human vascular endothelial cells. (1980)

Human endothelial cells were obtained by collagenase digestion of the umbilical vein wall, explanted into tissue culture, and grown as monolayers of cells. Endothelial cells extracted from these monolayers were specifically lysed by anti-HLA-DR alloantisera. Moreover, the stimulating capacity of these endothelial cells toward allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear lymphocytes was specifically and significantly inhibited by the presence of relevant anti-HLA-DR antisera. Endothelial cells that expressed HLA-DR determinants were also capable of substituting for macrophages in the lymphoproliferative response of purified T cells to soluble protein antigens. Moreover, in concordance with the results previously reported in which macrophages were employed, the endothelial cell donor should share HLA-DR determinants with the T cell donor for an optimal response to occur.
Ultrasensitive measurement of protein and nucleic Acid biomarkers for earlier disease detection and more effective therapies. (2006)

Clinical decision making stands to benefit from ultrasensitive molecular diagnostic tools that identify disease-related changes in biomarker levels before advanced clinical signs and symptoms manifest.
xMiner: Nip the Zero Day Exploits in the Bud (2011)

Vulnerability exploits present in malformed messages are one of the major sources to remotely launch malicious activities in different protocols. Sometimes, a single malformed message could be enough to crash remote servers or to gain unfettered access over them. In this paper, we propose the design of a generic vulnerability exploits detection system xMiner to detect malformed messages in real time for avoiding any network hazard. The proposed xMiner exploits the information embedded within byte-level sequences of network messages. xMiner applies multi-order Markov process and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract novel discriminative features and uses them to detect attacks launched through malicious packets in real-time. The novelty of xMiner lies in its light-weight design which requires less processing and memory resources and makes it easily deployable on resource-constrained devices like smart phones. The system is evaluated on real-world datasets pertaining to three different protocols - HTTP, FTP and SIP. Five different classifiers are deployed to establish the effectiveness of the proposed system. On evaluation we found that the decision tree classifier performs well for HTTP and FTP datasets whereas, SVM shows highest performance in case of SIP packets.
Liquid-phase microextraction and capillary electrophoresis of acidic drugs (2000)

Vial liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE) was evaluated for the determination of the acidic drugs ibuprofen, naproxen, and ketoprofen present in water samples and in human urine. The 2.5 mL samples containing the drugs were filled into conventional vials and subsequently acidified by 250 microL of 1-10 M HCl. Porous hollow fibers of polypropylene containing 25 microL of an aqueous solution of 0.01-0.1 M NaOH (acceptor solution) and with dihexyl ether immobilized in the pores of the wall were placed into each of the samples. The acidic drugs were extracted from the acidified sample solutions into the dihexyl ether phase, in the pores of the hollow fiber, and further into the alkaline acceptor solution forced by high partition coefficients. The drugs were extracted almost quantitatively (75-100% extraction efficiency) from the 2.5 mL samples and into the 25 microL acceptor solutions, providing 75-100 times preconcentration. The acceptor solutions were collected for automated CE analysis, which enabled the drugs to be detected down to the 1 ng/mL level.
니켈라테라이트광으로부터 리모나이트 및 사프로라이트의 분리선별 연구 (2014)

니켈 산화광인 라테라이트광은 크게 두 종류 광물로 구분되는데 이 중 사프로라이트는 건식제련용 원료로 그리고 리모나이트는 습식제련용 원료로 사용하여 니켈을 각각 회수하고 있다. 사프로라이트 및 리모나이트가 혼재하는 원료물질을 사용할 경우 건식 및 습식제련에서 경제적 손실이 발생할 수 있기 때문에 광물 간 분리 선별이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 리모나이트와 사프로라이트의 분쇄성 차이를 이용하여 분쇄한 후 건식분급으로 두 광물을 선별하였다. 그 결과 리모나이트에 사프로라이트가 30%이하로 혼입되면 Mg+Si 성분의 함유량이 10%이하인 리모나이트질 라테라이트광을 얻을 수 있어 습식제련용 원료로 사용이 가능하다. 【Nickel oxide ores are composed of two kinds of minerals; one is saprolite that is processed by smelting to obtain nickel products, and the other is limonite that is used in hydrometallugical processes. It is not efficient economically to process the mixture of limonite and saprolite, so the processes to saparate the ore mixture should be developed. In the present study, the mixture was separated by dry-classification after liberationg using grindability difference between limonite and saprolite. Consequently, it is possible to obtain the limonite with less than 10% of Mg+Si contents, which could be treated by hydrometallurgical processes, when the limonite contain less than 30% of saprolite.】
Expression of MAP4K4 Is Associated with Worse Prognosis in Patients with Stage II Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2008)

MAP4K4 was overexpressed in about half of PDAs. Overexpression of MAP4K4 was associated with worse prognosis and is a prognostic marker for stage II PDAs.
Anti-mutagenesis and anti-promotion by apigenin, robinetin and indole-3-carbinol (1986)

We assessed the anti-mutagenic and anti-promotion properties of two flavones, apigenin and robinetin, and of indole-3-carbinol, because these compounds have been reported in vegetables, the consumption of which has been associated with reduced rates of cancer. However, the active components of these foods and their effects on carcinogenesis have not been established. Anti-mutagenicity was determined in the Salmonella typhimurium assay by measuring the effects of the test compounds on bacterial mutagenesis induced by methyl-nitrosourea (MNU), methyl-n-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or 2-aminoanthracene (2-AA). Inclusion of apigenin resulted in a 62% and a 43% inhibition of mutagenicity with 13 nmol of 2-AA and 30 nmol BaP respectively. Robinetin caused an 87% inhibition of mutagenicity by 2-AA, but indole-3-carbinol had little or no effect on the mutagenicity of any of the compounds. None of the three compounds inhibited mutagenesis by MNU or MNNG and none were mutagenic or toxic when tested in the absence of mutagenic compounds at doses up to 20 micrograms/plate. Anti-promotion properties were assessed by measuring the effects of apigenin, robinetin and indole-3-carbinol on induction of ornithine decarboxylase activity (ODC) in mouse epidermis by 17 nmol 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Pretreatment of the skin half an hour before TPA with apigenin, robinetin, butylated hydroxyanisole, 13-cis-retinoic acid (all at 50 mumol) or di-fluoromethylornithine (1.6 mumol) inhibited ODC induction at 6 h after TPA by 67-80%. Pretreatment with 50 mumol indole-3-carbinol caused a 78% elevation in the TPA induction at this time. Dose response measurements were conducted with apigenin, indole-3-carbinol and robinetin. Inhibition by 30-90% of TPA-induced ODC was observed at 6 h after TPA in mice pretreated with 12.5-100 mumol apigenin. Pretreatment with 37.5 or 50 mumol indole-3-carbinol or 0.5, 12.5 or 25 mumol robinetin resulted in elevated induction of epidermal ODC by TPA at 6 h after TPA. However, treatment with 50 or 100 mumol robinetin diminished ODC induction at 6 h after TPA. Treatment with 100 mumol apigenin or 50 or 100 mumol indole-3-carbinol in non-TPA-treated mouse skin caused elevations in epidermal ODC. In comparing the time course of ODC induction, indole-3-carbinol (50 mumol) pretreatment shifted the induction of epidermal ODC to earlier times, in addition to elevating ODC induction by TPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)