gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 60-GHz-band Compact IQ Modulator MMIC for Ultra-high-speed Wireless Communication (2006)

A 60-GHz-band compact IQ modulator MMIC with a double-balanced mixer configuration is developed for ultra-high-speed wireless transceivers. The IQ modulator includes asymmetric baluns and an LO driver amplifier in a 2.5 mm times 1.15 mm chip to obtain differential signals in a CPW scheme and to mitigate the requirements for LO input power, respectively. The chip size of the CPW balun is markedly reduced by introducing CPS transmission lines in place of lambda/2-lines. When the fabricated modulator MMIC is operated as an SSB mixer, it shows a conversion gain of -11.1 dB at an LO input power of 0 dBm. Under the vector signal measurements, the fabricated modulator shows EVM values of less than 4 % and 5.5 % for QPSK and 16QAM at a symbol rate of 15 Msps in the carrier frequency range of 59 to 66 GHz
Tunable magnetic properties of monoatomic metal-oxide Fe/MgO multilayers (2014)

Metal-oxide ${\mathrm{[Fe}}_{K}/(\text{MgO}){}_{L}{\mathrm{]}}_{N}$ multilayers were grown on MgO(001) substrates for various integer numbers $(K,L)$ of the Fe(001) and MgO(001) monolayers, respectively, and the number of repetitions $N$ varied from 6 to 30. Room-temperature conversion electron M\"ossbauer spectroscopy (CEMS) measurements proved that the magnetic properties of these monoatomic multilayers were extremely sensitive to both the Fe and MgO sublayer thicknesses. A stable ferromagnetic state and a strong perpendicular magnetization component at room temperature were obtained by changing the sublayer thickness and the number of multilayer repetitions. The analysis of the CEMS spectra in correlation with the magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements indicated a complicated domain structure in this special type of metal-insulator material. The vortexlike domain structure was confirmed by micromagnetic simulations.
A Study on the Properties of ZnO:Al thin films (2006)

ZnO:Al thin films were deposited onto silicon(100) and glass substrates by sol-gel process.The Al-doped ZnO thin films with doping level below 15% showed only c-axis orientation.The c axis constant decreased with increasing Al content,and the c-axis constant of ZnO:Al thin films with Al content of 15% decreased by about 0.56% compared with that of ZnO crystal.The optical band-gap showed evidently blueshift with increasing the Al3+ concentration.For the sample doped with 20% Al3+ content,the optical band-gap energy reached 3.99 eV.The binding energy of O1s increased with increasing Al content.
Elevated serum thymidine kinase levels identify a subgroup at high risk of disease progression in early, nonsmoldering chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1999)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) shows a remarkably heterogeneous clinical outcome; survival ranges from several months in advanced stages to more than 10 years in early stages. The Binet and Rai staging systems distinguish three major prognostic subgroups, but do not accurately predict the individual risk of disease progression in early CLL (Binet stage A or Rai stage 0 to II). Because most newly diagnosed CLL patients present with early disease, it seems desirable to search for additional prognostic factors to identify early CLL patients at high risk of rapid progression. It has been shown that elevated serum thymidine kinase (s-TK) levels predict disease progression in CLL. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prognostic value of s-TK in 122 previously untreated patients with Binet stage A CLL (mean age +/- SD, 58.7 +/- 8.5 years). In univariate analyses, 18 of the 22 parameters investigated predicted progression-free survival (PFS). In a stepwise multiple regression analysis, only three parameters provided independent prognostic information on PFS: s-TK greater than 7.1 U/L; presence of lymphadenopathy; and white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 75, 000/microL. When added to the classification of smoldering versus nonsmoldering CLL, s-TK levels separated two groups within the group of nonsmoldering stage A patients: patients with s-TK values greater than 7.1 U/L had a median PFS of 8 months, whereas patients with s-TK values </= 7.1 U/L expected a much longer PFS (49 months; P <. 001), similar to smoldering CLL (42 months). The results demonstrate that s-TK is a prognostic parameter that adds independent prognostic information to the definitions of smoldering and nonsmoldering CLL in Binet stage A.
Cover Feature: Surfactant‐Mediated and Morphology‐Controlled Nanostructured LiFePO<sub>4</sub>/Carbon Composite as a Promising Cathode Material for Li‐Ion Batteries (ChemistryOpen 1/2020) (2019)

The Cover Feature shows morphology-controlled in-situ carbon-coated nanostructured LiFePO4 (LFP/Carbon) cathode materials prepared by surfactant-assisted hydrothermal method using block copolymers such as Pluronic® P31R1 and Pluronic® P123. The resulting nanocrystalline high surface area materials show superior properties and were designated as LFP/C123 and LFP/C311, respectively. Further, the latter demonstrated outstanding electrochemical performance in terms of lower charge transfer resistance (146.3 Ω) with excellent cycling stability in terms of capacity retention (95% at 1 C after 100 cycles) and high rate capability (163.2 mAhg-1 at 0.1 C). More information can be found in the Full Paper by Dr. G. S. Kamali Kannangara et al. on page 24 in Issue 1, 2020 (DOI: 10.1002/open.201900175).
Stereoselectivity in the Formation of Crystalline Inclusion Complexes of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with Cyclodextrins (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTStereoselectivity in the Formation of Crystalline Inclusion Complexes of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)s with CyclodextrinsXintao Shuai, Francis E. Porbeni, Min Wei, Todd Bullions, and Alan E. TonelliView Author Information Fiber and Polymer Science Program, College of Textiles, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8301 Cite this: Macromolecules 2002, 35, 9, 3778–3780Publication Date (Web):March 26, 2002Publication History Received21 November 2001Revised15 February 2002Published online26 March 2002Published inissue 1 April 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma012038hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma012038hbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views421Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Cadmium sulfide,Cavities,Conformation,Physical and chemical processes,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Coaxial Resonators with Helical Inner Conductor (1959)

The use of coaxial or reentrant resonators is practical at frequencies down through the high-frequency band and even lower. By introducing a helical inner conductor, a Q of several thousand can be achieved in relatively small volume. Design equations are simple and are the basis for an alignment chart. The unloaded Q is equal to 50 times shield diameter in inches times square root of resonance frequency in megacycles. Shield length is about 30 per cent greater than its diameter. Experimental results confirm the accuracy of the predicted Q. The method is also applicable to miniaturized UHF resonators, and to the design of high-Q radio-frequency inductors and LC resonators. Additional formulas and a chart relate frequency, Q, volume, voltage gradient and power rating.
Quantitative Analysis of Buprenorphine and Norbuprenorphine in Urine using Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2006)

Buprenorphine is an opioid analgesic drug that is used as an alternative to methadone to treat heroin addiction. Established methods for the analysis of buprenorphine and its metabolites in urine such as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) involve complicated sample extraction procedures. The aim of the present study was to develop a sensitive yet straightforward method for the simultaneous analysis of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in urine using liquid chromatography-MS-MS. The method comprised an enzymatic hydrolysis using Patella vulgata b-glucuronidase, followed by centrifugation and direct analysis of the supernatant. The limits of detection and quantitation were < 1 microg/L for buprenorphine and < 1 and 4 microg/L, respectively, for norbuprenorphine. Assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were < 15%, with the exception of concentrations close to the limit of quantitation, where CVs were below 20%. In direct comparison with an established GC-MS protocol, the method showed minimal negative bias (8.7% for buprenorphine and 1.8% for norbuprenorphine) and was less susceptible to sample carryover. The extent of conjugation in unhydrolyzed urine was investigated and found to be highly variable, with proportions of unconjugated buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine of 6.4% [range 0% to 67%; standard deviation (SD) 9.7%] and 34% (range 0% to 100%; SD 23.8%), respectively.
Peripheral Intravenous Infiltration Necrosis (1975)

Peripheral extravasation of intravenous solutions containing calcium salts and/or 10% dextrose has caused significant local tissue necrosis in 8 patients, including 6 infants. These incidents prolonged hospitalization and in 5 cases caused severe disfigurement or imperiled limb function. Treatment followed established principles of debridement, early skin grafting and secondary reconstruction as needed. While intravenous alimentation or the administration of calcium salts if often indicated by the clinical situation, the physician administering these drugs must realize that extravasation may cause serious sequelae.
0650 Study of the Effects of a 5 Hour and 8 Hour Circadian Phase Advance as a Model of Jet Lag Disorder (2018)

Jet Lag Disorder occurs when an individual’s circadian rhythms become misaligned due to rapid change in time zone that occurs after rapid transmeridian travel. By simulating such a time zone change in a lab setting, the effects of phase shifting can be studied in the absence of confounders that occur during travel including variable sleep deprivation and light exposure. This observational study investigated the effects of a 5 hour and 8 hour sleep phase advance in 319 patients (5 hour: n=86; 8 hour: n=233). Patients went to bed 5 or 8 hours earlier than their usual bedtime and attempted to sleep for 8 hours, after a protocol of sleep hygiene. Overnight polysomnography was performed. Sleep efficiency (SE) was evaluated for each third of the night. A significant difference was demonstrated between the 5 hour and 8 hour phase advance in SE during each of the three thirds of the night: first third of the night SE (5 hour: 45.5%; 8 hour: 54.1%, p=0.02), second third of the night SE (5 hour: 53.4%; 8 hour: 24.8%; p<0.0001), and third third of the night SE (5 hour: 76.8%; 8 hour: 33.3%; p<0.0001). This model of studying 5 to 8 hour phase advance as a model of Jet Lag was able to show significant differences in PSG-measured sleep efficiency between a 5 hour phase advance and an 8 hour phase advance during each third of the night. These results support this study design as a model to be used in developing therapeutics for the treatment of phase advance disorders including Jet Lag Disorder. This work was supported by Vanda Pharmaceuticals Inc.
Two-Step Die Motion for Die Quenching of AA2024 Aluminum Alloy Billet on Servo Press (2014)

The authors reported that die quenching of a cylindrical AA2024 aluminum alloy billet less than 9 mm in height was feasible on a servo press. However, it was also found that the reduction in height was limited less than 5% due to partial melting. In order to enhance the deformability in single operation, the two-step die motion is proposed. A cylindrical billet was heated to 823 K and transferred to the press. Then the billet was uniaxially compressed with Δh/h0 = 5%, and further held between the dies for cooling. After sandwiching for 8 s, the billet with a height of h1 = 7.6 mm was further compressed with a reduction in height (Δh/h1) of 2 or 5% at lower temperature. The die quenching process with the two-step die motion leads to increase the total reduction in height to 10%. It is confirmed that super-saturated solid solution successfully formed at the 1st step is maintained in the 2nd step. It is found that the peak hardness of the two-step processed billet is higher than that of the one-step processed billet, and that the precipitation kinetics in artificial aging is accelerated by the two-step motion.
Production of modified crosslinked cell‐free hemoglobin for human use: the role of quantitative determination of endotoxin contamination (1993)

In vivo toxicity remains a major barrier to the successful use of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) as an oxygen carrier in humans. Bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) is known to contribute to the in vivo toxicity of Hb preparations, and the prevention of LPS contamination is a critical aspect of the effort to create an efficacious Hb blood substitute. Limulus amebocyte lysate assays for endotoxin were performed on multiple Hb samples from 26 independent production runs for the preparation of human crosslinked cell-free hemoglobin (alpha alpha Hb). High levels of LPS contamination (1- > 100 ng/mL) of alpha alpha Hb solutions were detected in multiple samples during many of the initial production runs. It was observed that LPS contamination of alpha alpha Hb solutions could occur at any step during the production sequence. Substantial enhancement by alpha alpha Hb of the biologic effects of LPS was demonstrated by two independent assays for endotoxin (the Limulus amebocyte lysate test and a mononuclear cell procoagulant assay), whereas LPS biologic activity was only slightly increased by human serum albumin and substantially diminished by IgG. These results suggest that the prevention of LPS-related toxicities in vivo may be more important to the clinical use of Hb solutions than to the use of other intravenous protein products. Therefore, it was encouraging to note that, with the careful monitoring for LPS in the production facility and in multiple samples during cell-free Hb production, sources of LPS contamination were recognized and the appropriate sites were made endotoxin-free.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Basal cell carcinoma treated with radiation therapy (1991)

Between 1974 and 1989, 85 patients with 115 biopsy-proven basal cell carcinomas were treated with radiation therapy at the University Medical Center in Tucson. Either orthovoltage or megavoltage photons were used to deliver doses ranging from 2000 cGy in a single treatment to 7300 cGy in 35 fractions over 62 days. The median length of follow-up was 40 months. Kaplan-Meier estimates of the 5-year local control rates are presented by American Joint Committee on Cancer stage. The difference between the local control rates for both previously untreated and recurrent Stage I and II carcinomas (95% at 5 years) and Stage III and IV carcinomas (56% at 5 years) was statistically significant (P = 0.0001, by Mantel-Haensel test). Although recurrent basal cell carcinomas generally have a worse prognosis, the Kaplan-Meier estimate of the 5-year local control rate for recurrent Stage I and II carcinomas treated with radiation therapy was 95%. These results, along with a review of the literature, suggest two points: (1) high cure rates can be obtained when Stage I and II basal cell carcinomas are treated with radiation therapy and (2) radiation therapy is a relatively effective method for treating recurrent basal cell carcinomas, with cure rates surpassed only by Mohs micrographic surgery.
Object contour extraction using color and motion (2002)

A new approach to the extraction of the contour of a moving object is presented. The method is based on the integration of a motion segmentation technique using image substraction and a color segmentation technique based on the split-and-merge algorithm. The advantages of this method are: it can detect large moving objects and extract their boundaries; the background can be arbitrarily complicated and contain many non-moving objects occluded by the moving object; and it requires only three image frames that need not be consecutive, provided that the object is entirely contained in each of the three frames. The method is applied to a large number of color images of vehicles moving on a road and a highway ramp. The results are promising. The moving object boundaries are correctly extracted in 66 out of 73 test image sequences. The authors describe how this contour can be used as an input to a recognition system that classifies the vehicles into five generic categories. Of the 73 vehicles, 67 are correctly classified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Digitally adjustable resistors in CMOS for high-performance applications (1992)

Methods by which CMOS circuits can be adjusted digitally to generate controlled impedances for use in high-performance circuits are described. Since digital signals are the only inputs to these circuits, on-chip DC power dissipation can be reduced, the circuit can be made more robust, and the impedance of the circuit can be adjusted by manipulating the input digital information. A design of a CMOS series terminated line driver is discussed, and the utilization of the controlled impedance in terminating transmission lines on-chip, constant delay lines, and controlled di/dt output buffers is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CSPG4 as a Target of Antibody-Based Immunotherapy for Malignant Mesothelioma (2012)

These results establish the safety of CSPG4 mAb-based immunotherapy and suggest that CSPG4 mAb-based immunotherapy may represent a novel approach for the treatment of MM.
Understanding the Second Electron Discharge Plateau in MnO[sub 2]-Based Alkaline Cells (2001)

We present a study of the reduction process leading to the second electron plateau occasionally occurring during the electrochemical discharge of -based alkaline cells. The origin of the second plateau is nested in a dissolution-reduction-precipitation mechanism, and its onset potential is governed by solution species through the Nernst law. Also, the appearance of this second plateau in -based alkaline cells is a strong function of the nature of the counter electrode, and is, for instance, rarely observed when Zn slurries are used as the counter electrode. Direct experimental evidence, by means of in situ XRD, SEM, and EDX analyses, is given for the formation of the spinel during the first electron reduction of An ion exchange reaction is proposed to account for the formation of this phase. Based on these findings, we show that the likelihood of raising the second potential through chemical approaches, thereby using the second electron capacity in -based alkaline cells, is low. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Manoeuvring target detection in over-the-horizon radar using adaptive clutter rejection and adaptive chirplet transform (2003)

In over-the-horizon radar (OTHR) systems, the signal-to-clutter ratio (SCR) used for moving target detection is very low. For slowly moving targets such as ships, the SCR is typically from −50 dB to −60 dB and their Doppler frequencies are close to that of the clutter. For manoeuvring targets, such as aircraft and missiles, the Doppler frequencies are time-varying when a long integration time is considered. When a target does not move uniformly, the Fourier transform based target detection techniques, including super-resolution spectrum techniques, may fail to work appropriately. In such situations, the Doppler signatures are time-varying and, therefore, time–frequency analysis techniques can be used for manoeuvring target detection. In addition, clutter rejection is also required for target detection due to the low SCR. The existing adaptive clutter rejection algorithms combine clutter rejection with spectrum analysis methods, which usually assume uniformly moving target (i.e. sinusoidal Doppler signature) models. An adaptive clutter reject algorithm is proposed together with the adaptive chirplet transform technique for manoeuvring target detection in a multipath environment. Simulation results using a simulated manoeuvring target signal with received raw OTHR clutter data show that targets with SCR below −50 dB can be detected by using the proposed algorithm.
Phosphorylation of 5-Lipoxygenase at Ser523 by Protein Kinase A Determines Whether Pioglitazone and Atorvastatin Induce Proinflammatory Leukotriene B4 or Anti-Inflammatory 15-Epi-Lipoxin A4 Production (2008)

The 5-lipoxygenase (5LO) produces leukotriene B(4) and 15-epilipoxin-A(4) (15-epi-LXA(4)). Phosphorylation at Ser(523) by protein kinase A (PKA) prevents 5LO shift to the perinuclear membrane. Atorvastatin and pioglitazone up-regulate 15-epi-LXA(4) production in the heart. We assessed whether phosphorylation of 5LO by PKA determines whether 5LO interacts with the membranous cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) to produce leukotriene B(4) or with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) to produce 15-epi-LXA(4). Rats received either pioglitazone, atorvastatin, pioglitazone plus atorvastatin, vehicle, or LPS. Rat myocardial cells were incubated with pioglitazone plus atorvastatin, pioglitazone plus atorvastatin plus H-89 (PKA inhibitor), H-89, or vehicle for 8 h. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin did not affect total 5LO expression. However, both increased 5LO levels in the cytosolic fraction. H-89 caused a shift of 5LO to the membranous fraction in atorvastatin- and pioglitazone-treated rats. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased phospho-5LO levels. H-89 attenuated this increase. Both pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased COX2 levels in the cytosolic fraction and the membranous fraction. H-89 prevented this increase. Pioglitazone and atorvastatin increased cPLA(2) expression in the membranous fraction. This effect was not attenuated by H-89. Pioglitazone plus atorvastatin increased 15-epi-LXA(4) levels. H-89 attenuated the effect of pioglitazone plus atorvastatin. Pioglitazone plus atorvastatin plus H-89 increased leukotriene B(4) levels. Coimmunoprecipitation showed that without H-89, atorvastatin and pioglitazone induced an interaction between 5LO and COX2 in the cytosolic fraction, whereas when H-89 was added, 5LO interacted with cPLA(2) on the membranous fraction. The 5LO phosphorylation determines whether 15-epi-LXA(4) (anti-inflammatory) or leukotriene B(4) (inflammatory mediator) is produced.
Direct Synthesis of Amides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Using B(OCH<sub>2</sub>CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> (2013)

B(OCH2CF3)3, prepared from readily available B2O3 and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol, is as an effective reagent for the direct amidation of a variety of carboxylic acids with a broad range of amines. In most cases, the amide products can be purified by a simple filtration procedure using commercially available resins, with no need for aqueous workup or chromatography. The amidation of N-protected amino acids with both primary and secondary amines proceeds effectively, with very low levels of racemization. B(OCH2CF3)3 can also be used for the formylation of a range of amines in good to excellent yield, via transamidation of dimethylformamide.