gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-Short Nacelles for Low Fan Pressure Ratio Propulsors (2014)

As the propulsor fan pressure ratio (FPR) is decreased for improved fuel burn, reduced emissions and noise, the fan diameter grows and innovative nacelle concepts with short inlets are required to reduce their weight and drag. This paper addresses the uncharted inlet and nacelle design space for low-FPR propulsors where fan and nacelle are more closely coupled than in current turbofan engines. The paper presents an integrated fan-nacelle design framework, combining a spline-based inlet design tool with a fast and reliable body-force-based approach for the fan rotor and stator blade rows to capture the inlet-fan and fan-exhaust interactions and flow distortion at the fan face. The new capability enables parametric studies of characteristic inlet and nacelle design parameters with a short turn-around time. The interaction of the rotor with a region of high streamwise Mach number at the fan face is identified as the key mechanism limiting the design of short inlets. The local increase in Mach number is due to flow acceleration along the inlet internal surface coupled with a reduction in effective flow area. For a candidate short-inlet design with length over diameter ratio L/D = 0.19, the streamwise Mach number at the fan face near the shroud increases by up to 0.16 at cruise and by up to 0.36 at off-design conditions relative to a long-inlet propulsor with L/D = 0.5. As a consequence, the rotor locally operates close to choke resulting in fan efficiency penalties of up to 1.6 % at cruise and 3.9 % at off-design. For inlets with L/D < 0.25, the benefit from reduced nacelle drag is offset by the reduction in fan efficiency, resulting in propulsive efficiency penalties. Based on a parametric inlet study, the recommended inlet L/D is suggested to be between 0.25 and 0.4. The performance of a candidate short inlet with L/D = 0.25 was assessed using full-annulus unsteady RANS simulations at critical design and off-design operating conditions. The candidate design maintains the propulsive efficiency of the baseline case and fuel burn benefits are conjectured due to reductions in nacelle weight and drag compared to an aircraft powered by the baseline propulsor.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF BACTERIAL PHAGOCYTOSIS BY SERUM (1969)

The role of serum factors in the phagocytosis of pneumococci was studied employing a spectrophotometric assay which measures reduced nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) dye. Dye reduction occurs within the phagocyte shortly after bacterial ingestion as measured by the phagocytic index technique and by the uptake of 125I-pneumococci. Bacteria prepared with γG antibody were not phagocytosed unless a small volume of fresh normal serum was added. Using fresh sera deficient in single complement components, it was demonstrated that the first four components are necessary for optimal bacterial phagocytosis. When highly purified complement components were added to the antibody-coated pneumococci, enhancement of phagocytosis was achieved only with the sequential addition of C1, C4, C2, and C3. Evidence has been presented that human C3 bound to an immune complex exhibits peptidase activity and that this activity is essential for phagocytosis. A heat-labile, dialyzable serum cofactor which enhances C3 peptidase activity enhanced the phagocytosis of pneumococci prepared with purified complement components. A second phagocytosis-promoting cofactor, which is not a complement component, was found to be a heat-labile, 5–6S, beta pseudoglobulin. This protein may stabilize C3 peptidase activity or inhibit enzymatic inactivation of C3.
Strain and defect generation during interdiffusion of GaAs into Al0.5In0.5P (1993)

We present results on the analysis of the interdiffusion process of a discrete GaAs layer into an Al0.5In0.5P half space using Si doping as an agent for enhanced layer interdiffusion. We have observed enhanced interdiffusion on both column III and column V sites, with the column III interdiffusion coefficient exceeding the column V interdiffusion coefficient by two orders of magnitude. Due to the disparity between these diffusion coefficients, substantial defect producing strain is introduced by the interdiffusion process. We have shown that by modeling the resulting strain profiles and applying a generalization of a critical thickness analysis, the instability of such interdiffused structures can be understood.
A 113-dB SNR oversampling DAC with segmented noise-shaped scrambling (1998)

A sigma-delta digital/analog converter implemented in 0.6-/spl mu/ CMOS uses a 6-bit modulator together with a segmented noise-shaped scrambling scheme to achieve 113-dB A-weighted dynamic range over a 20-kHz bandwidth. A continuous-time output stage is used to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio in a 9.1-mm/sup 2/ die area. The output stage uses a dual return-to-zero circuit that eliminates errors caused by intersymbol interference.
Extracorporeal shock wave promotes growth and differentiation of bone-marrow stromal cells towards osteoprogenitors associated with induction of TGF-β1 (2002)

Extracorporeal shock-wave (ESW) treatment hasbeen shown to be effective in promoting the healing of fractures. We aimed to determine whether ESW could enhance the growth of bone-marrow osteoprogenitor cells. We applied ESW to the left femur of rats 10 mm above the knee at 0.16 mJ/mm 2 in a range of between 250 and 2000 impulses. Bone-marrow cells were harvested after ESW for one day and subjected to assessment of colony-forming unit (CFU) granulocytes, monocytes, erythocytes, megakaryocytes (CFU-Mix), CFU-stromal cells (CFU-S) and CFU-osteoprogenitors (CFU-O). We found that the mean value for the CFU-O colonies after treatment with 500 impulses of ESW was 168.2 CFU-O/well (sem 11.3) compared with 88.2 CFU-O/well (sem 7.2) in the control group. By contrast, ESW treatment did not affect haematopoiesis as shown by the CFU-Mix (p = 0.557). Treatment with 250 and 500 impulses promoted CFU-O, but not CFU-Mix formations whereas treatment with more than 750 impulses had an inhibiting effect. Treatment with 500 impulses also enhanced the activity of bone alkaline phosphatase in the subculture of CFU-O (p< 0.01), indicating a selective promotion of growth of osteoprogenitor cells. Similarly, formation of bone nodules in the long-term culture of bone-marrow osteoprogenitor cells was also significantly enhanced by ESW treatment with 500 impulses. The mean production of TGF-β1 was 610 pg/ml (sem 84.6) in culture supernatants from ESW-treated rats compared with 283 pg/ml (sem 36.8) in the control group. Our findings suggest that optimal treatment with ESW could enhance rat bone-marrow stromal growth and differentiation towards osteoprogenitors presumably by induction of TGF-β1.
Bidentate Ruthenium Vinylcarbene Catalysts Derived from Enyne Metathesis (2005)

The preparation, structure, and catalytic activity of a series of bidentate η1-vinylcarbene ruthenium complexes derived from the standard metathesis catalysts 1, 2, or 4 by enyne metathesis with phenylacetylene derivatives bearing an isopropoxy substituent at their ortho position are described. Terminal as well as non-terminal phenylacetylene derivatives react with similar ease, thus providing ample opportunity for the preparation of catalysts with tailor-made properties. Use of the silyl propargyl ether derivative 13b as the substrate results in the formation of complex 15, in which the silyl ether moiety rather than the isopropoxy substituent ligates the metal center. The structures of the new chelate complexes 6, 7, 9, 14, and 15 in the solid state were determined by X-ray crystallography.
Electric Field Meters (1954)

The fundamental principles of electric field measurement by the use of inductors and vacuum tube amplifiers are reviewed. An electric field meter is described that employs a rotating inductor and a synchronous ac generator to provide a sign responsive meter reading proportional to the electric field. The synchronized circuits eliminate moving contact rectifiers and promote calibration stability. A simplified field meter using rectified inductor currents to operate a high-impedance push-pull bridge circuit is also described. Design features are incorporated in both instruments that permit them to operate continuously under unusually severe storm conditions.
Cysteamine: Differential X-ray Protective Effect on Chinese Hamster Cells During the Cell Cycle (1968)

Cysteamine present during x-irradiation protects synchronized Chinese hamster cells in culture against lethal damage at all stages of the cell cycle. The effect is greatest for cells irradiated at sensitive stages such as G(1) and least for resistant cells; for example, late S (dose-modifying factors 4.2 and 2.7, respectively). The effect of 50 millimolar cysteamine is to render almost invariant the normally variant x-ray age response for lethality. This suggests that there are two components of x-ray damage, only one of which is age dependent, and it is against this component that cysteamine protects the cell. Cystamine, however, has no protective effect upon these cells at any stage of the cell cycle.
The first alkylidyne-capped tritungsten(IV) cluster compounds: preparation, structure and properties of [W3O(CCH3)(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3]Br2.cntdot.2H2O (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe first alkylidyne-capped tritungsten(IV) cluster compounds: preparation, structure and properties of [W3O(CCH3)(O2CCH3)6(H2O)3]Br2.cntdot.2H2OF. A. Cotton, Z. Dori, M. Kapon, D. O. Marler, G. M. Reisner, W. Schwotzer, and M. ShaiaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1985, 24, 25, 4381–4384Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00219a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00219a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views103Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Complete loss of the tumor suppressor MAD2 causes premature cyclin B degradation and mitotic failure in human somatic cells (2004)

MAD2 inhibits the anaphase-promoting complex when chromosomes are unattached to the mitotic spindle. It acts as a tumor suppressor gene because MAD2+/-cells enter anaphase early and display chromosome instability, leading to the formation of lung tumors in mice. Complete MAD2 inactivation has not been identified in human tumors, although partial defects are prevalent. By employing RNA interference in human somatic cells, we found that severe reduction of MAD2 protein levels results in mitotic failure and extensive cell death arising from defective spindle formation, incomplete chromosome condensation, and premature mitotic exit leading to multinucleation. Cyclin B is degraded prematurely in the MAD2 short interfering RNA-treated cells but not in MAD2+/- cells, suggesting an explanation for the spindle failure and mitotic catastrophe in the MAD2 knockdown cells. Thus, anaphase-promoting complex substrates exhibit distinct sensitivities in the presence of different MAD2 doses, which in turn determine MAD2's role as either a tumor suppressor or an essential gene.
Monoclonal antibodies to human low density lipoprotein identify distinct areas on apolipoprotein B-100 relevant to the low density lipoprotein-receptor interaction. (1992)

We have characterized the epitopes for ten murine monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to human low density lipoprotein (LDL) and studied their ability to interfere with the LDL-receptor interaction. The epitopes for the antibodies were defined by using the following approaches: 1) interaction with apoB-48; 2) interaction with apoB-100 thrombolytic fragments; and 3) interaction with beta-galactosidase-apoB fusion proteins spanning different areas of the apoB-100 sequence. The results obtained are consistent with the following map of epitopes: Mab 6E, amino acids (aa) 1-1297, Mabs 5A and 6B, aa 1480-1693, Mabs 2A, 7A, 3B, and 4B, aa 2152-2377, Mabs 8A and 9A, aa 2657-3248 and 3H, aa 4082-4306. Four Mabs (2A, 5A, 7A, and 9A) whose epitopes are located in three different areas of apoB, dramatically reduced (up to 95%) the LDL-receptor interaction on cultured human fibroblasts; Fab fragments were as effective as the whole antibodies. Mab 3H, on the other hand, increased LDL binding up to threefold. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that several areas of apoB-100 are involved independently or in concert in modulating the apoprotein B conformation required for interaction with the LDL receptor.
Short Notices (1965)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access ESMOND WRIGHT ESMOND WRIGHT University of Glasgow Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXVII, October 1965, Pages 857-b–858, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXVII.857-b Published: 01 October 1965
Retiming revisited and reversed (1996)

Retiming is a very promising transformation of circuits which preserves functionality and improves performance. Its benefits are especially promising in automatic synthesis of circuits from higher-level descriptions. However, retiming has not been widely included in current design tools and methodologies. One of the main obstacles is the problem of finding an equivalent initial state for the retimed circuit. In this paper, we introduce a simple modification of the retiming algorithm of Leiserson and Saxe. The modified algorithm helps minimize the effort required to find equivalent initial states and reduces the chance that the network needs to be modified in order to find an equivalent initial state. This algorithm is the kernel of a new efficient retiming method, which searches for optimal retimings while preserving the initial state condition. The paper also presents an improved method to perform the initial state calculation.
Separation of a monaural audio signal into harmonic/percussive components by complementary diffusion on spectrogram (2008)

In this paper, we present a simple and fast method to sep-arate a monaural audio signal into harmonic and percussive components, which is much useful for multi-pitch analysis, automatic music transcription, drum detection, modification of music, and so on. Exploiting the differences in the spectro-grams of harmonic and percussive components, the objective function is defined in a quadrature form of the spectrogram gradients. Applying the auxiliary function approach to that, simple and fast update equations are derived, which guaran-tee the decrease of the objective function at each iteration. We show some experimental results by applying our method to popular and jazz music songs. 1.
Thermal simulation for predicting substrate temperature during reflow soldering process (2005)

Widespread use of lead-free solders requires precise control of the temperature on a substrate during reflow soldering, because the margin between the higher melting temperatures of lead-free solders and the heat-resistant temperatures of electronic components becomes narrow. For this purpose, the thermal simulation method has been developed for predicting the temperature on a substrate and optimizing the temperature profile during the reflow soldering process. Most reflow furnaces have two heating systems: forced convection by hot gas and radiation by infrared rays. Heat transfer by convection can be calculated with the experimental equation for multiple impinging jets without any fluid analysis. Heat transfer by radiation was calculated with a mechanical solver, taking into account the shape factor between the moving substrate on a conveyer and the heater. The predicted temperatures obtained by the simulation method showed good agreement with measured temperatures using a test substrate. Then, this simulation method was applied to mobile phone substrate in order to optimize the reflow process.
High Throughput Binding Analysis Determines the Binding Specificity of ASF/SF2 on Alternatively Spliced Human Pre-mRNAs (2010)

High-throughput immunoprecipitation studies of transcription factors and splicing factors have revolutionized the fields of transcription and splicing. Recent location studies on Nova1/2 and Fox2 have identified a set of cellular targets of these splicing factors. One problem with identifying binding sites for splicing factors arises from the transient role of RNA in gene expression. The primary role of most splicing factors is to bind pre-mRNA co-transcriptionally and participate in the extremely rapid process of splice site selection and catalysis. Pre-mRNA is a labile species with a steady state level that is three orders of magnitude less abundant than mRNA. As many splicing factors also bind mRNA to some degree, these substrates tend to dominate the output of location studies. Here we present an in-vitro method for screening RNA protein interactions that circumvents these problems. We screen approximately 4000 alternatively spliced exons and the entire Hepatitis C genome for binding of ASF/SF2, the only splicing factor demonstrated to function as an oncogene. From the pre-mRNA sequences returned in this screen we discovered physiologically relevant ASF recognition element motifs. ASF binds two motifs: a C-rich and a purine rich motif. Comparisons with similar data derived from the hnRNP protein PTB reveals little overlap between strong PTB and ASF/SF2 sites. We illustrate how this method could be employed to screen disease alleles with the set of small molecules that have been shown to alter splicing in search for therapies for splicing diseases.
Structural Transformations Accompanying the Assembly of Bacteriophage P22 Portal Protein Rings in Vitro (2001)

The Salmonella typhimurium bacteriophage P22 assembles an icosahedral capsid precursor called a procapsid. The oligomeric portal protein ring, located at one vertex, comprises the conduit for DNA entry and exit. In conjunction with the DNA packaging enzymes, the portal ring is an integral component of a nanoscale machine that pumps DNA into the phage head. Although the portal vertex is assembled with high fidelity, the mechanism by which a single portal complex is incorporated during procapsid assembly remains unknown. The assembly of bacteriophage P22 portal rings has been characterized in vitro using a recombinant, His-tagged protein. Although the portal protein remained primarily unassembled within the cell, once purified, the highly soluble monomer assembled into rings at room temperature at high concentrations with a half time of approximately 1 h. Circular dichroic analysis of the monomers and rings indicated that the protein gained alpha-helicity upon polymerization. Thermal denaturation studies suggested that the rings contained an ordered domain that was not present in the unassembled monomer. A combination of 4,4'-dianilino-1,1'-binapthyl-5,5'-disulfonic acid (bis-ANS) binding fluorescence studies and limited proteolysis revealed that the N-terminal portion of the unassembled subunit is meta-stable and is susceptible to structural perturbation by bis-ANS. In conjunction with previously obtained data on the behavior of the P22 portal protein, we propose an assembly model for P22 portal rings that involves a meta-stable monomeric subunit.
X-band modulation of GaAs lasers (1965)

Abstract : This correspondence reports CW amplitude modulation of GaAs injection lasers at X band. The highest modulation frequency was 11 Gc/s, a limit imposed by components of the experimental setup. The X-band modulating signal is amplified in a traveling-wave amplifier and coupled to the laser. Two directional couplers monitor the forward and reflected RF power. The RF power is coupled to the laser in a waveguide structure. In this structure, the copper fins act as a short circuit to the X-band power while the modulated infrared radiation passes unaffected (neglecting some blockage). The laser, located between two sections of a copper post, is spaced a half guide wavelength (at 9.1 Gc/s) from the RF shortcircuiting fins.
An experimental analysis of a sector-vortex phased array prototype (2003)

This study involved the characterization of the individual elements in a prototype hyperthermia applicator based on the sector-vortex phased array. The results showed substantial variations in the amplitudes and phases of the pressure outputs of elements driven with the same input signal. However, these variations produced only a slight asymmetry in the side lobes and did not affect the 3-dB beamwidth of the characteristic focus. Compensating for the phase variations increased the focal intensity and improved the symmetry of the overall field pattern. Similar improvement was found when compensation was used for the synthesis of an annular field pattern. The fact that this compensation could be completely implemented in software demonstrates the flexibility of phased arrays.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iodine absorption after topical administration. (1987)

Absorption from povidone-iodine preparations after topical administration has been reported to be negligible, but an elderly woman had increased serum iodine levels with possible metabolic complications after povidone-iodine solution was applied to decubitus ulcers.
Influences of MBE growth processes on photovoltaic 3-5 /spl mu/m intersubband photodetectors (1994)

The asymmetric photoresponse and dark current of GaAs/AlAs/Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As 3-5 /spl mu/m intersubband photodetectors is examined both experimentally and through simulations. The intended doping position is varied to determine the importance of dopant redistribution on the detector characteristics. Growth interruptions were introduced to determine the importance of inequivalent heterointerface roughness. An improved segregation model is developed which includes the influence of an incident doping flux. The growth-rate limited silicon incorporation coefficient during GaAs growth was determined as a function of growth temperature and growth rate from published SIMS profiles. The conduction band bending in these detectors was calculated semiclassically to estimate the applied voltage necessary to compensate the doping asymmetry. Si segregation explains 75-100% of the experimentally observed compensating voltage, without the introduction of fitting parameters. The remaining portion of the compensating voltage is largely due to asymmetric interface roughness. Growth interruptions reduce the linewidth of the QW intersubband absorption and also the detector responsivities, in apparent agreement with theoretical predictions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>