gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of the anti-ischemic effect of vagus nerve stimulation in the gerbil hippocampus (2003)

The neuroprotective mechanisms of cervical vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) in transient ischemia were investigated. Left VNS (0.4 mA, 40 Hz) was performed during 5 min ischemia in gerbils. About 50% of the hippocampal neurons were rescued from ischemic insult by VNS, and this effect was prevented by transection of the vagus nerve centrally to the site of cervical stimulation. VNS significantly attenuated both ischemia-induced glutamate release and transient increase of hippocampal blood flow during reperfusion. Hyperemia as well as excessive glutamate release after ischemia is regarded as an important factor in ischemic brain damage as it leads to generate considerable reactive oxygen species. Thus, VNS might protect neurons from ischemia-induced glutamate excitotoxicity and reperfusion injury via the afferent path-way of the vagus.
Arf6 promotes cell proliferation via the PLD‐mTORC1 and p38MAPK pathways (2011)

The small G-protein ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (Arf6) belongs to the Ras GTPases superfamily and is mostly known for its actin remodeling functions and involvement in the processes of plasma membrane reorganization and vesicular transport. The majority of data indicates that Arf6 contributes to cancer progression through activation of cell motility and invasion. Alternatively, we found that the expression of a wild-type or a constitutively active Arf6 does not influence tumor cell motility and invasion but instead significantly stimulates cell proliferation and activates phospholipase D (PLD). Conversely the expression of a mutant Arf6 (Arf6N48I), that is, unable to interact with PLD has no effect on proliferation but promotes motility, invasion, and matrix degradation by uPA extracellular proteinase. Studying the mechanisms of Arf6-dependent stimulation of cell proliferation, we found some signaling pathways contributing to Arf6 promitogenic activity. Namely, we showed that Arf6 in a PLD-mTORC1-dependent manner activates S6K1 kinase, a well-known regulator of mitogen-stimulated translation initiation. Furthermore, we demonstrated an Arf6-dependent phosphorylation of mTORC1 downstream targets, 4E-BP1 and ribosomal S6 protein, confirming an existence of Arf6-PLD-mTORC1-S6K1/4E-BP1 signaling pathway and also demonstrated its impact on proliferation stimulation. Next, we found that Arf6 activation potentiates Erk1/2 and p38MAP kinases phosphorylation. Surprisingly, p38 opposite to Erk1/2 significantly contributes to Arf6-dependent proliferation increase promoting S6 ribosomal protein phosphorylation at Ser235/236 residues. Therefore, we demonstrated Arf6 proliferation stimulating activity and revealed PLD-mTORC1 and p38MAP kinase as Arf6 partners mediating promitogenic activity. These results highlight a new aspect of Arf6 functioning in cancer cell biology.
Coordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers in the Extended Porous Framework of Zn<sub>3</sub>(BDC)<sub>3</sub>·6CH<sub>3</sub>OH (BDC = 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate) (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCoordinatively Unsaturated Metal Centers in the Extended Porous Framework of Zn3(BDC)3·6CH3OH (BDC = 1,4-Benzenedicarboxylate)Hailian Li, Charles E. Davis, Thomas L. Groy, Douglas G. Kelley, and O. M. YaghiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 Nalco Chemical Company, One Nalco Center Naperville, Illinois 60563 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 9, 2186–2187Publication Date (Web):February 20, 1998Publication History Received9 December 1997Published online20 February 1998Published inissue 1 March 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974172ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974172grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3360Altmetric-Citations325LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Materials,Metals,Molecules,Zinc Get e-Alerts
Chromosomal Translocations in Benign Tumors:<i>The HMGI Proteins</i> (1998)

The high-mobility group (HMG) proteins are a family of nonhistone chromatin-associated proteins that have an important role in regulating chromatin architecture, as well as in regulating gene expression. The gene encoding one HMG protein, HMGI-C, is frequently rearranged or overexpressed by chromosomal translocations in common benign mesenchymal tumors including lipomas, leiomyomas, fibroadenomas, pleomorphic adenomas, aggressive angiomyxomas, and pulmonary hamartomas. The HMGI-C translocations involve many different translocation partners and are remarkable for their low risk of progression to malignancy. Recently, another member of this subfamily, HMGI(Y), has also been shown to be rearranged in lipomas and pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. Given the high frequency of these benign mesenchymal tumors, it is likely that translocations involving the HMGI subfamily are one of the most common chromosomal rearrangements in human neoplasia. The HMG proteins are reviewed with an emphasis on the HMGI subfamily, and the potential role of these proteins in human tumorigenesis is discussed.
Thin-film optical filters (1979)

Introduction. Basic theory. Antireflection coating. Neutral mirrors and beam splitters. Multilayer high-reflectance coatings. Edge filters. Band-pass filters. Tilted coatings. Production methods and thin-film materials. Factors affecting layer and coating properties. Layer uniformity and thickness monitoring. Specification of filters and environmental effects. System considerations: applications of filters and coatings. Other topics. Characteristics of thin-film dielectric materials.
[Cloning of Pseudomonas putida genes responsible for the primary stages of oxidation of naphthalene in Escherichia coli cells]. (1989)

Data on cloning Pseudomonas putida D-plasmid pBS286 (IncP-9) genes which are responsible for primary stages of naphthalene oxidation as well as data on the expression of these genes in Escherichia coli cells are presented. Recombinant plasmid pBS959 containing the whole constitutive nahA locus encoding naphthalene dioxygenase, a key enzyme of the naphthalene oxidation pathway, has been constructed on the basis of the pUC19 vector. An evidence has been obtained that at least a portion of the sequence of structural nahB gene is cloned in the recombinant pBS959 plasmid. Constitutive expression of the nahA gene is controlled by its own promoter and leads to conversion of indole to indigo in E. coli cells, strain HB101. Plasmid pBS959 is characterized by high structural stability; some instability observed is due to segregation.
Quantitative structure-activity relationships in centrally acting imidazolidines structurally related to clonidine (1977)

The central hypotensive action of clonidine and 26 structurally related derivatives was quantified by means of an ED30 obtained from dose-response curves following intravenous administration to anesthetized, normotensive rats. Multiple regression analyses of the biological data yielded correlation equations comprising a relationship between hypotensive activity and molecular structure. In the equations the pharmacokinetics together with the actual engagement of the central alpha-adrenoceptor are accounted for. More detailed characteristics of this central alpha-adrenoceptor emerged from correlation studies in which new ED30 values, associated with brain concentrations, were employed. The use of this biological parameter at the alpha-adrenoceptor level allowed the presentation of a hypothetical working model for the mechanism of interaction between this receptive site and clonidine-like imidazolidines.
Effects of Central Muscarinic-1 Receptor Stimulation on Blood Pressure Regulation (1997)

Stimulation of central nervous system muscarinic-1 (M1) receptors in animals increases blood pressure, heart rate, and sympathetic outflow. In Alzheimer's disease, stimulation of central M1 receptors is reduced. When the oral formulation of the selective M1 agonist xanomeline was tested for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, an increased incidence of syncope was observed. Therefore, we used Alzheimer's disease as a model of relative M1 deficiency to determine the effect of M1 receptor stimulation on blood pressure regulation in humans. Eight Alzheimer's patients and 6 healthy age- and sex-matched subjects underwent blood pressure, heart rate, forearm vascular resistance, plasma norepinephrine, and heart rate variability measurements during 90 minutes after ingestion of xanomeline or placebo, then during 45 minutes of head-up tilt. Alzheimer's patients were studied on three occasions: after placebo, the first dose of xanomeline, and 3 days of xanomeline. Normal subjects were studied after placebo and the first dose of xanomeline. A subset of 5 Alzheimer's patients was studied with the peripheral muscarinic antagonist methscopolamine. Oral xanomeline increased supine systolic and diastolic blood pressures in normal subjects and heart rate and plasma norepinephrine in all subjects. During the placebo tilt, 0 of 8 Alzheimer's patients and 2 of 6 healthy subjects developed near-syncope, and during the first-dose xanomeline tilt, 4 of 8 Alzheimer's patients and 3 of 6 healthy subjects had near-syncope. The maximal decrease in systolic blood pressure during tilt was greater with xanomeline than placebo in both groups (P<.03). Methscopolamine did not prevent xanomeline-induced hypotension. Central M1 receptor stimulation with the oral formulation of xanomeline in humans is associated with sympathetic stimulation under supine conditions and impaired baroreflex compensation during tilt. Alzheimer's patients, who presumably lack M1 receptor activity, may have a reduced risk of tilt-induced syncope compared with normal subjects. Both groups, however, have enhanced susceptibility to hypotension and syncope when M1 receptor activity is pharmacologically increased.
A Framework For Spatial Interaction In Locative Media (2006)

This paper presents the concepts and techniques used in afamily of location based multimedia works. The paper hasthree main sections: 1.) to describe the architecture of anaudio-visual hardware/software framework we havedeveloped for the realization of a series of locative mediaartworks, 2.) to discuss the theoretical and conceptualunderpinnings motivating the design of the technicalframework, and 3.) to elicit from this, fundamental issuesand questions that can be generalized and applicable to thegrowing practice of locative media.
Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation (2017)

In large amounts, alcohol and its metabolites can overwhelm the gastrointestinal tract (GI) and liver and lead to damage both within the GI and in other organs. Specifically, alcohol and its metabolites promote intestinal inflammation through multiple pathways. That inflammatory response, in turn, exacerbates alcohol-induced organ damage, creating a vicious cycle and leading to additional deleterious effects of alcohol both locally and systemically. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which chronic alcohol intake leads to intestinal inflammation, including altering intestinal microbiota composition and function, increasing the permeability of the intestinal lining, and affecting the intestinal immune homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms of alcohol-induced intestinal inflammation can aid in the discovery of therapeutic approaches to mitigate alcohol-induced organ dysfunctions.
A Review of Gait Optimization Based on Evolutionary Computation (2010)

Gait generation is very important as it directly affects the quality of locomotion of legged robots. As this is an optimization problem with constraints, it readily lends itself to Evolutionary Computation methods and solutions. This paper reviews the techniques used in evolution-based gait optimization, including why Evolutionary Computation techniques should be used, how fitness functions should be composed, and the selection of genetic operators and control parameters. This paper also addresses further possible improvements in the efficiency and quality of evolutionary gait optimization, some problems that have not yet been resolved and the perspectives for related future research.
Transformation of the Nitrogen Cycle: Recent Trends, Questions, and Potential Solutions (2008)

Humans continue to transform the global nitrogen cycle at a record pace, reflecting an increased combustion of fossil fuels, growing demand for nitrogen in agriculture and industry, and pervasive inefficiencies in its use. Much anthropogenic nitrogen is lost to air, water, and land to cause a cascade of environmental and human health problems. Simultaneously, food production in some parts of the world is nitrogen-deficient, highlighting inequities in the distribution of nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Optimizing the need for a key human resource while minimizing its negative consequences requires an integrated interdisciplinary approach and the development of strategies to decrease nitrogen-containing waste.
Honeybot, your man in the middle for automated social engineering (2010)

Automated Social Engineering poses a serious information security threat to human communications on the Internet since the attacks can easily scale to a large number of victims. We present a new attack that instruments human conversations for social engineering, or spamming. The detection rate is low, which becomes manifest in link click rates of up to 76.1%. This new attack poses a challenge for detection mechanisms, and user education. 1
Latin American Tourism (2001)

Summary Blessed with a great diversity of natural and cultural assets, the countries of Latin America should be thriving as international tourist destinations. The reality is, however, that the region is a long way from reaching its full potential. This paper reports the findings of a survey that investigated the reasons why Australian travel agents and tour operators thought that Latin America was receiving so few tourists from Australia. The main finding of the study was that there is a lack of knowledge among travel agents about the Latin American region. Many of them could only identify a limited number of tourist attractions in the region. While the study has an Australian focus, the authors suggest that the barriers underlying the lack of international demand for Latin American tourism products are similar to those that exist in other potential source markets.
Catalytic Umpolung Allylation of Aldehydes by π-Allylpalladium Complexes Containing Bidentate N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands (2007)

A series of π-allylpalladium complexes with neutral monodentate and bidentate ligands were prepared and examined for their ability to undergo stoichiometric umpolung allylation reactions with benzaldehyde. Neutral bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene ligands promote nucleophilic attack. Catalytic allylation reactions of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are reported.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis: A comprehensive review (2019)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are monoclonal antibodies that target down-regulators of the anti-cancer immune response: Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, programmed cell death protein-1, and its ligand programmed death-ligand 1. ICIs have revolutionized the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, many immune-related adverse events have also been described which mainly occurs as the immune system becomes less suppressed, affecting various organs including the gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhea and colitis. The incidence of immune-mediated colitis (IMC) ranges from 1%-25% depending on the type of ICI and if used in combination. Endoscopically and histologically there is a significant overlap between IMC and inflammatory bowel disease, however more neutrophilic inflammation without chronic inflammation is usually present in IMC. Corticosteroids are recommended for grade 2 or more severe colitis while holding the immunotherapy. About one third to two thirds of patients are steroid refractory and benefit from infliximab. Recently vedolizumab has been found to be efficacious in steroid and infliximab refractory cases. While in grade 4 colitis, the immunotherapy is permanently discontinued, the decision is controversial in grade 3 colitis.
A Comparative Testing of &lt;i&gt;Cucumber mosaic virus&lt;/i&gt; (CMV)-Based Constructs to Generate Virus Resistant Plants (2012)

Among the viruses Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) has been rated worldwide as one of the five most important viruses infecting vegetable species. CMV is a tripartite virus with high sequence variability, classified into three subgroups with 80% to 97% identical nucleotides in their coat protein. Due to the absence of natural resistance CMV is the plant virus with longest history in genetic engineering using pathogen induced approaches. However, the transformation and regeneration for some very important crops like chili is difficult. Therefore it will be an advantage to screen in model plants for gene constructs which might be independent of the target of final transformation and other parameters having an influence on the efficiency of a biotechnological approach. In our study we compared the resistance for all combinations of five different antiviral constructs, two different transformation vectors and two model host plants. From these approaches we identified the most effective construct which might also be applicable to transform eventually chili plants.
Ascites syndrome in broiler chicken: Observations on certain biochemical and pathological changes (1995)

The pathogenic effects of ascites syndrome in the fast-growing broiler chicken Were determined by brochemical and pathomorphological studies, Affected birds showed signitcant fall in plasma proteins, serum sodium, calcium. alkaline phosphatase. and increase uf plasma lipids and serum inorganic phosphorus. Pathological lesions conisted of large accumulations of fluid in H peritoneal cavitie, serous, atrophy of pericardium, massive oedema, vascular congestion, haemorrhages in liver, lungs, heart and kidneys. In addition, vacuolar degeneration in liver and kidneys, thrombus formation with organization in lungs,and lesions of right ventricular hypertrophy with cardiac dibtation were also observed. The relationship of biochemical and pathological changes 10 ascites, in broilers were discussed.
Antigenic and structural differences in the catalytic subunits of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase. (1983)

A mixture of the 5.6S hydrophobic dimer and the asymmetric, tail-containing (17 + 13)S forms of acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) from Torpedo californica was used to immunize mice, and spleen cells from these mice were used to produce nine hybridoma lines secreting antibodies against acetylcholinesterase. Antibodies from one of the lines showed a 100-fold greater affinity for the 5.6S species when compared with the catalytic subunits of the (17 + 13)S species. This difference in specificity was retained after denaturation of the two acetylcholinesterase species. Another line produced antibody directed only to structural subunits of the (17 + 13)S species, whereas the remaining seven antibodies exhibited nearly equivalent crossreactivity for all of the forms of acetylcholinesterase. Tryptic peptides were generated from the catalytic subunits of the 5.6S and tail-containing acetylcholinesterase species, and high-pressure liquid chromatographic profiles show at least two distinct peptides in the catalytic subunits for each enzyme species. Some of these peptides exhibit retention times different from those of the identified glycopeptides. Thus, it is likely that the catalytic subunits of two molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase differ in primary structure and sites of antigenicity.
Recommended methods for the preconditioning of odourous air prior to treatment in organic biofilters (2004)

Operation of biofilters for piggery and poultry shed odour control in Korea, and in other parts of the world, has often been problematic for two reasons. Firstly, excessive dust in the incoming air can cause clogging of the organic biofilter material. Secondly, drying out of the organic biofilter can occur if the relative humidity of the incoming air is not close to 100%.\n\nDust is generated in sheds from the feed and bedding materials, and also dried out manure residue which is disturbed by animal movements. This is worse in hot dry summer conditions but may also be exacerbated in cold winter conditions where shed heating is used. Dust loadings from sheds are typically 1mg/m3 but may exceed 10 mg/m3. Dust particles may vary in size from less than 1µm to more than 100µm, with typically half the volume of the dust is less than 10µm in size.\n\nFor bacteria on the biofilm to be healthy and actively reduced odour, the humidity of air spaces inside an organic biofilter material should be as close to 100% as possible. This is achieved if the overall water content of the organic biofilter material is maintained at approximately 25% w/w. If the air entering an organic biofilter has lower than 100% humidity, the effect will be to dry out the organic biofilter material and the biofilm. The drier this air is, the more water is required to be sprayed onto the material and this may lead to poor organic biofilter performance.\n\nThe combined effects of dust and water together often leads to clogging causing inhomogeneous flow, preferential flow channelling, poor utilisation of all of the organic biofilter medium and reductions in odour removal efficiency. This can result in a significant decrease in the effective life of the organic biofilter medium. Replacement is expensive and inconvenient to do on a regular basis.\n\nRecommended methods for air preconditioning are therefore :- \n\n1)\tCyclone Dust Separation (CDS) for coarse (>10µm) dust removal\n2)\tTrickling Biofiltration (TBF) for fine (<10µm) dust removal, odour pre-treatment and humidification \n\nIt may be necessary to use multiple cyclones with a small diameter to remove fine particles (less than 10µm). Multiclones can be manufactured at relatively low cost and there are no moving parts so maintenance costs are minimal. Typical dust loadings are unlikely due cause clogging of the multiclone. Multiclones are therefore appropriate technology for intensive livestock industries. \n\nTrickling biofilters are also easy and cheap to construct, the only component of significant cost being the flow controller units. As the trickling biofilter material is inorganic, water flushing can be relatively heavy and continuous to flushout and remove dust build-up. This should lead to an essentially maintenance free dust elimination process. Relative humidity of the organic biofilter incoming air should also be close to 100%.\n