gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic data temporal multisensor fusion in the Prometheus ProLab2 demonstrator (2002)

This paper deals with a temporal multisensor fusion module named Dynamic Data Manager (DDM) developed for the "ProLab 2" demonstrator of the Prometheus European program. It is used in a car, and its goal is to maintain a representation of the dynamic environment needed to inform the driver about possible collisions and risk. The information comes from numerous different perception systems that give asynchronous data. The module is based upon extended Kalman filtering and possibility theory to estimate the current situation, to predict future states and to replace the missing data with a priori estimates based upon a model of the obstacles behaviors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aging of the Facial Skeleton: Aesthetic Implications and Rejuvenation Strategies (2010)

These results suggest that the skeletal morphology of the face changes with age. This change in skeletal morphology may contribute to the appearance of the aging face.
Synthesis of Low-Density Heat-Resisting Polystyrene/Graphite Composite Microspheres Used as Water Carrying Fracturing Proppants (2014)

Low-density heat resistamt, low-cost polystyrene (PS)/graphite microspheres were successfully synthesized via in situ suspension polymerization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that PS/graphite composite microspheres had good sphericity, and graphite particles were evenly dispersed in microspheres. Furthermore, density analysis illustrated that the density of composites was about 1.025–1.185 g/cm3 with good suitability for carrying water. Thermodynamic testing revealed that the thermostability of the composite was dramatically improved by the introduction of graphite, which is used deep underground. In addition, the percentage of damage decreased to 1.3% with graphite ratio of 2.5% at 68 MPa. Therefore, PS/Graphite composite microspheres possess entirely feasible applications in oil exploitation as pure water carrying petroleum proppants.
Occurrence of a Phase Transition in Nucleic Acid Models (1966)

The double-stranded helix found in nucleic acids suggests a model where order is represented by specific, one-to-one bonding between two infinite chains and where disorder arises from the formation of large loops. The statistical weight per unit in an unordered sequence (i.e., a loop) is given by (1/i) lnui=a—(1/i) (b+clni). This quantity becomes large, as i is increased, slower than 1/i because of the c lni term. From the previous paper, this suggests that a first-order phase transition may take place. It is found that this happens if c&gt;2, in which case both U(x) (the sequence generating function for loops) and ∂U(x)/∂x converge at the point where x1 (the unit partition function) equals u2 (the statistical weight per unit of an infinite loop, i.e., a free chain). If 2&gt;c&gt;1, then U(x) converges at x1=u2 but ∂U(x)/∂x does not. For a loop in three dimensions, c would be about 32 (½ for each dimension); hence, there is no discontinuity in θ, the fraction of ordered states, for a real system. However, θ does behave nonanalytically at x1=u2, giving a continuous or higher-order transition. Specifically, θ does go exactly to zero in the transition region. This is a qualitative difference from infinite polypeptides where the sigmoidal transition curve goes asymptotically to 1 and 0 at the extremes of temperature. Explicit calculations are given for various values of c to illustrate the behavior of the model.
RNA‐binding proteins involved in RNA localization and their implications in neuronal diseases (2012)

Very often, developmental abnormalities or subtle disturbances of neuronal function may yield brain diseases even if they become obvious only late in life. It is therefore our intention to highlight fundamental mechanisms of neuronal cell biology with a special emphasis on dendritic mRNA localization including local protein synthesis at the activated synapse. Furthermore, we would like to point out possible links to neuronal or synaptic dysfunction. In particular, we will focus on a series of well-known RNA-binding proteins that are involved in these processes and outline how their dysfunction might yield neurodevelopmental, neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric disorders. We are convinced that increasing our understanding of RNA biology in general and the mechanisms underlying mRNA transport and subsequent translation at the synapse will ultimately generate important novel RNA-based tools in the near future that will allow us to hopefully treat some of these devastating diseases.
Postoperative Changes in Corneal Epithelial and Stromal Thickness Profiles After Photorefractive Keratectomy in Treatment of Myopia (2015)

The corneal epithelial thickness increased after PRK up to 3 months postoperatively. It was affected by the amount of myopia treated, treatment zone, and preoperative epithelial thickness. The postoperative epithelial thickening did not affect the refractive outcomes.
Using posturography to assess expertise among tai chi practitioners - biomed 2013. (2013)

Tai Chi, performed either seating or standing, is frequently recommended to improve various aspects of health, including balance, metabolic control, heart rate variability, sleep, or immune response. Many studies exploring mind-body interventions, both with self-reported or biologically-measured outcomes, report significant differences in outcomes among participants. However, neither the physiological or psychological mechanisms behind the variations are understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether posturography is a useful method to assess physical skill level differences between experts and non-expert Tai Chi practitioners. While standing, participants performed a series of movements from the Tai Chi for Arthritis form based on Sun style (commencement, open/close, single whip and wave hands in cloud). Master trainers and senior trainers were considered experts; all others were considered non-experts. Body sway was assessed by the CAPS Professional portable computerized force platform (Vestibular Technologies, LLC.). Center of Pressure motion measures were normalized by the subject's height. While standing, the experts displayed statistically greater displacement excursion and velocity when preforming commencement and wave hands in clouds forms. The results of this pilot study indicated that posturography may be a useful method to assess the quality of Tai Chi movements and potentially link the expertise of Tai Chi practitioners to changes in health related outcomes.
Production of herbicide-resistant jointed goatgrass (<i>Aegilops cylindrica</i>) × wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) hybrids in the field by natural hybridization (1998)

Imazamox-resistant hybrids resulted from a cross between jointed goatgrass and an imazamox-resistant wheat (cv. FS-4 IR wheat). Two imazamox-resistant hybrids were discovered in a research plot where FS-4 IR wheat seed had been replanted from the harvest of an imazamox efficacy study conducted the year before at a different location. These hybrid plants survived imazamox applied at 0.053 and 0.069 kg ai ha −1 in the field and produced seven viable seeds (BC 1 ). This seed germinated, and chromosomes were counted from the roots (2N number ranged from 39 to 54). In the greenhouse, six of the seven plants survived an application of 0.072 kg ai ha −1 imazamox, which confirmed that the resistance trait had been passed to these progeny. A large amount of phenotypic variation was observed in the mature BC 1 plants. A genetic description of the movement of the resistant gene is proposed based on the case of the gene being located on the D and the A or B genomes. Management strategies to reduce the occurrence of herbicide-resistant hybrids are presented.
A three-level wiring capacitance analysis for VLSIs using a three-dimensional simulator (2003)

A three-dimensional simulator has been developed for calculating the capacitance values for three-level interconnections. This simulator has been proved to be sufficiently effective and exact by comparisons between simulation results and actual measurement. In the case of three-level interconnections, compared with the single-level interconnection case, the cross-wiring capacitance values were larger and the adjacent wiring capacitance values were smaller. The necessity for a simulator which can handle more than four-level interconnections is discussed. Some scaling effects are also considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the design of waveguide-to-microstrip and waveguide-to-coplanar line transitions (1993)

New versions of the waveguide-to-microstrip and waveguide-to-coplanar line transitions are described and analyzed. The transitions differ from the standard ones by a probe in the shape of a rectangular patch. The structure is very simple, easily adjustable, it has a broad bandwidth, and there is no need to use an impedance transformer. These transitions have been analyzed by the method of minimal autonomous blocks and the integral equation method. The results obtained were compared with experimental data. An optimized structure has been designed by a simple optimization process using the integral equation method. Its transition band is flat with return losses better than -15dB nearly in the whole X-band.
An Investigation of the Temporal Dark-Image-Sticking Phenomenon in an AC Plasma Display Panel With an Auxiliary Electrode (2010)

In this paper, the temporal dark-image-sticking phenomenon in an AC plasma display panel (PDP) with an auxiliary electrode is investigated. To investigate this phenomenon, temporal behaviors of a black background image were observed in accordance with the sustain-discharge time and the relaxation time. Since dark image sticking is related to the reset discharge, our measurements focused on the reset period. In the case of an ac PDP with three electrodes, iterant sustain discharges induced an increase in black luminance, thereby leaving a residual image. However, in the case of an AC PDP with an auxiliary electrode, there was no variation of luminance between the states before and after the iterant sustain discharges. As a result, no residual image remained, and no distortion of the image could be recognized with the human eye, even after iterant sustain discharges.
Effect of nitrate injection on the microbial community in an oil field as monitored by reverse sample genome probing (1997)

The reverse sample genome probe (RSGP) method, developed for monitoring the microbial community in oil fields with a moderate subsurface temperature, has been improved by (i) isolation of a variety of heterotrophic bacteria and inclusion of their genomes on the oil field master filter and (ii) use of phosphorimaging technology for the rapid quantitation of hybridization signals. The new master filter contains the genomes of 30 sulfate-reducing, 1 sulfide-oxidizing, and 16 heterotrophic bacteria. Most have been identified by partial 16S rRNA sequencing. Use of improved RSGP in monitoring the effect of nitrate injection in an oil field indicated that the sulfide-oxidizing, nitrate-reducing isolate CVO (a Campylobacter sp.) becomes the dominant community component immediately after injection. No significant enhancement of other community members, including the sulfate-reducing bacteria, was observed. The elevated level of CVO decayed at most sampling sites within 30 days after nitrate injection was terminated. Chemical analyses indicated a corresponding decrease and subsequent increase in sulfide concentrations. Thus, transient injection of a higher potential electron acceptor into an anaerobic subsurface system can have desirable effects (i.e., reduction of sulfide levels) without a permanent adverse influence on the resident microbial community.
Local De Novo Assembly of RAD Paired-End Contigs Using Short Sequencing Reads (2011)

Despite the power of massively parallel sequencing platforms, a drawback is the short length of the sequence reads produced. We demonstrate that short reads can be locally assembled into longer contigs using paired-end sequencing of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD-PE) fragments. We use this RAD-PE contig approach to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and determine haplotype structure in threespine stickleback and to sequence E. coli and stickleback genomic DNA with overlapping contigs of several hundred nucleotides. We also demonstrate that adding a circularization step allows the local assembly of contigs up to 5 kilobases (kb) in length. The ease of assembly and accuracy of the individual contigs produced from each RAD site sequence suggests RAD-PE sequencing is a useful way to convert genome-wide short reads into individually-assembled sequences hundreds or thousands of nucleotides long.
The development of tools for diagnosis of tularemia and typing of <i>Francisella tularensis</i> (2004)

Rapid development of molecular techniques for the diagnosis of infections and typing of microbes has been seen during the last 10 years. The present review exemplifies this development by presenting the work of the authors and others regarding techniques for the diagnosis of tularemia and typing of Francisella tularensis. The lack of rapid and safe methods for the laboratory diagnosis of tularemia was the rationale behind the development of methods for the direct detection of F. tularensis in clinical specimens. Today, detection by polymerase chain reaction has become an important adjunct to clinical decisions for the early diagnosis of tularemia. The elucidation of the epidemiology and epizootology of the disease has been hampered by the lack of suitable methods. During recent years several DNA-based methods that allow rapid identification of the four F. tularensis subspecies, including differentiation of strains of the two clinically important subspecies, the highly virulent type A strains and less virulent type B strains, have been developed. Since F. tularensis strains of any origin exhibit highly conserved genomic sequences, the availability of extensive genome sequence data was a prerequisite for the development of a typing system that allows discrimination of individual isolates. The most discriminatory method is based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and uses highly variable parts of the F. tularensis genome. The method will be an important tool in future studies of the molecular epidemiology of tularemia.
Low-Loss and Low-Nonlinearity Pure-Silica-Core Fiber for C- and L-band Broadband Transmission (2015)

In order to improve system optical signal-to-noise ratio, low-loss and low-nonlinearity fibers are demanded for ultra-long-haul and high-capacity digital coherent transmission systems, such as transoceanic systems. In order to meet the demand, we have realized a pure-silica-core fiber with ultra-low loss of 0.15 dB/km and large effective area (Aeff) of 130 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (PSCF-130). Recently, transmission systems utilizing the L-band in addition to the C-band have been actively studied to further expand transmission capacity through a fiber. In such systems, however, one concern is loss increase resulting from macro- and/or micro-bending losses of large Aeff fiber. In this paper, we show experimentally and theoretically that PSCF-130 has sufficiently low macro- and micro-bending losses even in the L-band. PSCF-130 also has high-fiber figure-of-merit because of ultra-low loss and large Aeff in the C- and L-bands. From these results, PSCF-130 is applicable for C- and L-band broadband transmission and will have high transmission performance.
Archaeal diversity in naturally occurring and impacted environments from a tropical region (2006)

This study reports, for the first time, the analysis of archaeal diversity in tropical environments from Brazil, and adds sequences from this region to the developing database of 16S rRNA clone libraries from environmental samples.
France: An Introduction (1996)

France is sometimes represented as a hexagon (see p. xvi). The coasts of the Channel and then the Atlantic, the Pyrenees and the Mediterranean sea, the Alps and the Jura, the Vosges and the Rhine and the long land frontier with Luxembourg and Belgium seem to outline a regular pattern. The shape of France is not, however, the consequence of some long and rational process of geometrical neatness. It emerged only slowly, as successive French kings extended their control from their heartland around Paris, conquering Normandy, driving the English out of the South West and the West (Calais, the last English outpost, fell to the French in January 1558) asserting their domination over Burgundy (1481) and Provence (1491), and incorporating Brittany into the kingdom (1532). At the beginning of the nineteenth century Napoleon extended the sphere of metropolitan French administration into the Low Countries and parts of Germany and Northern Italy. In 1815 the Treaty of Vienna redefined France's borders: Savoy and the town of Nice, which had been annexed during the Revolution were then lost. They were to return in 1860. The bitter history of Alsace (mostly incorporated into France in 1648) and Lorraine (incorporated in 1766) which were conquered and attached to the German Empire in 1870, regained by the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, conquered again in 1940 and liberated in 1945 left a deep mark on French historical consciousness.
Effect of cadmium on particle clearence by the Sydney rock oyster, <i>Saccostrea commercialis</i> (I. & R.) (1982)

Sydney rock oysters, S. commercialis (I. & R.); were exposed to a control and 10. 50 and 100 µg 1-1 cadmium in a flowing seawater system in the laboratory for 45 days. After this period the rates of particle clearance, assessed by using killed 14C-labelled Escherichia coli in suspension, were determined for each group of oysters. A small proportion of 14C-label from the E. coli was recovered from the non-gut tissues of the oyster, suggesting that the oyster digested, and may have derived some energy from, the bacteria. All cadmium- treated oysters displayed reduced efficiency of clearance compared to controls. If this sublethal effect of cadmium occurs in natural populations, oysters could suffer impaired feeding efficiencies with subsequent effects on growth and reproduction.
Modeling hepatic fibrosis in African American and Caucasian American patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection†‡ (2006)

Assessment of histological stage is an integral part of disease management in patients infected with the hepatitis C virus (HCV). The aim of this study was to develop a model incorporating objective clinical and laboratory parameters to estimate the probability of severe fibrosis (i.e., Ishak fibrosis > or = 3) in previously untreated African American (AA) and Caucasian American (CA) patients with HCV genotype 1. The Ishak fibrosis scores of 205 CA and 194 AA patients enrolled in the Viral Resistance to Antiviral Therapy of Chronic Hepatitis C study (Virahep-C) were modeled using simple and multiple logistic regression. The model was then validated in an independent cohort of 461 previously untreated patients with HCV. The distribution of fibrosis scores was similar in the AA and CA patients as was the proportion of patients with severe fibrosis (35% vs. 39%, P = .47). After accounting for the number of portal areas in the biopsy, patient age, serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and platelet count were independently associated with severe fibrosis in the overall cohort, and the relationship with fibrosis was similar in both the AA and CA subgroups. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of the Virahep-C model (0.837) was significantly better than in other published models (P = .0003). The AUROC of the Virahep-C model was 0.851 in the validation population. In conclusion, a model consisting of widely available clinical and laboratory features predicted severe hepatic fibrosis equally well in AA and CA patients with HCV genotype 1 and was superior to other published models. The excellent performance of the Virahep-C model in an external validation cohort suggests the findings are replicable and potentially generalizable.
<i>μ</i>-Peroxo Dicobalt Complexes Containing an Unsymmetrical Dinucleating Ligand : Synthesis, Characterization, and Oxygen Affinity (1994)

Abstract A new unsymmetric dinucleating ligand, Htpdb (Htpdb = 1,4-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2-butanol), was synthesized. This is a hybrid of Htpdp (1,3-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-2-propanol) and Htmdp (1,5-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]-3-pentanol). Its dinuclear cobalt(II,II) complexes, [Co2(tpdb)(RCOO)](ClO4)2·nH2O (RCOO = CH3COO (1) and C6H5COO (2)), were prepared. Their electronic spectra indicate that 1 and 2 have a five-coordinate structure with a bridging carboxylato group. The complexes reacted reversibly with molecular oxygen in acetonitrile to form dioxygen complexes [Co2(tpdb)(RCOO)(O2)]2+. The structure of a dioxygen complex [Co2(tpdb)(CH3COO)(O2)](PF6)2·CH3CN·0.5H2O (3) was determined by X-ray crystallography. 3 cystallizes in orthorhombic space group Pmn21 with a = 23.034 (6), b = 17.352 (2), c = 10.355 (2) Å, and Z = 4. Two cobalt atoms are triply bridged by dioxygen, acetato, and alkoxo groups. Two cobalt atoms are triply bridged by dioxygen, acetato, and alkoxo groups. P(O2)1/2 of 1 is 720 Torr in acetonitrile at 20 °C; this value is in between those of the corresponding tpdp and tmdp complexes. The bridging skeleton of the dinucleating ligands contributes significantly to the oxygen affinities of the complexes. The complex 2, [Co2(tpdb)(C6H5COO)]2+, underwent an oxidative degradation in methanol–water mixture (1 : 1) in the presence of C6H5COONa to produce a dinuclear mixed valence complex [Co2(tpdb)(C6H5COO)2](ClO4)2·H2O (4).
Luminescence of nitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamonds at temperatures between 300 and 700 K: perspectives on nanothermometry (2010)

It is shown that the intensity of photoluminescence of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in nanodiamond decreases 4-fold (with a wide spread among nanocrystals) when the surrounding temperature rises from 300 to 670 K. The effect is accompanied by a 2.7-fold decrease in the luminescence lifetime but negligible changes in the shape of the emission spectra. The heating-cooling circle is reversible. The effect is suggested to be practically useful for thermometry with nanometre spatial resolution but also stimulates deeper insight into the photophysics and photochemistry of NV-centers.
Cortical Models Onto CMOL and CMOS— Architectures and Performance/Price (2007)

Here we introduce a highly simplified model of the neocortex based on spiking neurons, and then investigate various mappings of this model to the CMOL CrossNet nanogrid nanoarchitecture. The performance/price is estimated for several architectural configurations both with and without nanoscale circuits. In this analysis we explore the time multiplexing of computational hardware for a pulse-based variation of the model. Our analysis demonstrates that the mixed-signal CMOL implementation has the best performance/price in both nonspiking and spiking neural models. However, these circuits also have serious power density issues when interfacing the nanowire crossbars to analog CMOS circuits. Although the results presented here are based on biologically based computation, the use of pulse-based data representation for nanoscale circuits has much potential as a general architectural technique for a range of nanocircuit implementation.