gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote sensing and localization of gas/odor source and distribution using mobile sensing system (2002)

A new method to remotely locate an odor source using a mobile robot with a gas sensor is proposed. Although several odor-source localization systems have been already reported, the source location is not known until those systems finally arrive at the location. Since the proposed method enables the estimation of the distance to the source simultaneously with its direction, the source can be remotely located. Furthermore, the release rate of the odor and the range of its distribution can be obtained using this method. This feature is realized by moving the robot and fitting the gas distribution model to the gas sensor response at each location considering the response delay. The soundness of the method is shown by the experiments on ethanol-gas-source localization in a clean room.
Staining method for determination of the penetration of immobilized enzyme into a porous support (1980)

Abstract The penetration of bovine serum albumin and penicillin acylase into Amberlite XAD7 beads was determined by staining split beads. The rates of penetration were measured and correlated with a theoretically derived equation.
Coordination chemistry of copper macrocyclic complexes: synthesis and characterization of copper complexes of TIM (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination chemistry of copper macrocyclic complexes: synthesis and characterization of copper complexes of TIMMichael J. Maroney and Norman J. RoseCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 15, 2252–2261Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00183a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00183a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
OCEAN-C: mapping hubs of open chromatin interactions across the genome reveals gene regulatory networks (2018)

We develop a method called open chromatin enrichment and network Hi-C (OCEAN-C) for antibody-independent mapping of global open chromatin interactions. By integrating FAIRE-seq and Hi-C, OCEAN-C detects open chromatin interactions enriched by active cis-regulatory elements. We identify more than 10,000 hubs of open chromatin interactions (HOCIs) in human cells, which are mainly active promoters and enhancers bound by many DNA-binding proteins and form interaction networks crucial for gene transcription. In addition to identifying large-scale topological structures, including topologically associated domains and A/B compartments, OCEAN-C can detect HOCI-mediated chromatin interactions that are strongly associated with gene expression, super-enhancers, and broad H3K4me3 domains.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of L‐Tryptophans Selectively 13C‐Enriched or Hydroxylated in the Six‐Membered Ring Using Transformed Escherichia coli Cells. (1990)

Abstract The 3a‐ and 6‐13C‐labeled tryptophans (XIa) and (XIb) are prepared as shown for (XIa) from simple labeled precursors such as (II).
Recovery From Training: A Brief Review (2008)

Athletes spend a much greater proportion of their time recovering than they do in training. Yet, much attention has been given to training with very little investigation of recovery. The purpose of this review is to stimulate further research into this vital area of training. Recovery can be categorized in three terms: i) immediate recovery between exertions; ii) short-term recovery between repeats (e.g., between resistance sets or interval bouts); and iii) training recovery between workouts. The focus of this review is training recovery. Full training recovery is essential to optimal performance and improvement. This review includes an examination of extant research on recovery and a very brief review of some potential modalities and techniques for hastening recovery and the time course of recovery and responses to some treatments. Measures of recovery and practical considerations are discussed briefly. Much research is needed in this area, but there are obstacles to high quality research. Attention must be given to key issues in research on recovery, especially the individual response to recovery treatments.
The historical context of business ethics: implications for choices and challenges in wound care. (1999)

Wound care clinicians are regularly asked to make decisions of an ethical nature within their work settings. Business and business practices are influenced by a number of factors, such as history, culture, and individual choices. This article describes business practices and ultimately business ethics from an historical context, the meaning of business culture within the dominant culture, and the debate over business ethics as it relates to choices and challenges for wound care clinicians.
Increasing Pt oxygen reduction reaction activity and durability with a carbon-doped TiO2 nanocoating catalyst support (2012)

We report a conductive TiO2 nanocoating on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a Pt electrocatalyst support that shows a significant enhancement in Pt catalyst activity and durability for the oxygen reduction reaction. By using CNTs as the substrate for TiO2 nanocoating, the nanoscale morphology of the oxide was retained during heat treatment. After carbon doping of the TiO2 nanocoating, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy suggests a shift in the binding energy of Ti 2p, implying a suboxide formation. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure showed the mid-edge and post-edge up to 5010 eV, which are attributed to a 1s → 4p transition and promotion of a photoelectron to higher vacant orbitals of Ti and Ti–O anti-bonding states. The observed smaller coordination number implies that a suboxide was formed with substitutional carbon. On the other hand, the extended X-ray absorption fine structure showed that carbon also exists in interstitial positions. Electrochemical studies showed that the carbon-doped TiO2/CNT support has a much greater electrical conductivity than that of undoped TiO2/CNT, demonstrating that carbon doping is an effective way to achieve electrical conductivity in the oxide. Pt supported on the carbon-doped TiO2/CNTs (Pt/c-TiO2/CNTs) showed a better oxygen reduction activity than a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The catalyst only has a less than 3% loss in activity after electrochemical cycling 5000 times, as compared to an activity loss of about 55% for the Pt/C catalyst. The much better activity and durability of the TiO2 nanocoating supported Pt was attributed to the oxygen deficient oxide support surfaces and strong metal–support interactions.
A two-state methodology for RTL logic simulation (1999)

This paper describes a two-state methodology for register transfer level (RTL) logic simulation in which the use of the X-state is completely eliminated inside ASIC designs. Examples are presented to show the gross pessimism and optimism that occurs with the X in RTL simulation. Random two-state initialization is offered as a way to detect and diagnose startup problems in RTL simulation. Random two-state initialization (a) is more productive than the X-state in gate-level simulation, and (b) provides better coverage of startup problems than X-state in RTL simulation. Consistent random initialization is applied (a) as a way to duplicate a startup state using a slower diagnosis-oriented simulator after a faster detection-oriented simulator reports the problem, and (b) to verify that the problem is corrected for that startup state after the design change intended to fix the problem. In addition to combining the earlier ideas of two-state simulation, and random initialization with consistent values across simulations, an original technique for treatment of tri-state Z's arriving into a two-state model is introduced.
Current treatment for ovarian cancer (2001)

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynaecologic malignancy. Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes approximately 90% of cases of ovarian cancer and 70% of the patients with EOC present in advanced stage. Treatment of EOC usually consists of cytoreductive surgery which includes total abdominal hysterectomy (TAH), bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO), omentectomy and lymphadenectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Current adjuvant chemotherapy includes paclitaxel and either cisplatin or carboplatin given every 3 weeks for six cycles. The combination paclitaxel and platinum chemotherapy achieves clinical response in approximately 80% of patients. However, most patients will have tumour recurrence within 3 years following treatment. Patients with platinum-sensitive tumours can be re-treated with platinum and/or paclitaxel. Those with platinum-resistant tumours have poor prognosis and treatment is palliative. Options of treatment in these patients include topotecan, doxil, gemcitabine, etoposide, or enrolment in clinical trials. Future research needs to focus on the role of cytoreductive surgery, second-look surgery, consolidation chemotherapy, development of new chemotherapeutic agents, chemoresistance modulators, as well as new approaches to the treatment of women with ovarian cancer.
Lattice disorder in implanted insulators: Pb implantation in α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1977)

Abstract The effects of 20, 50 and 100 keV Pb ion implantation on α-A12O3 single crystals have been investigated using the Rutherford backscattering channeling technique. Lattice disorder is observed to reach saturation at Pb doses greater than 1015 ions/cm2. Analysis of the implantation and damage profiles reveals that migration of defects occurs during implantation. It is found that the average threshold displacement energy, obtained from the measured number of displaced lattice atoms using the Kinchin-Pease equation, is dependent on implantation energy. This is discussed in terms of lattice reordering during ion bombardment which depends on the substrate temperature. The lowest value of the average displacement energy, obtained from the 20 keV samples, is 14 ± 2 eV, in reasonable agreement with the calculated Frenkel pair formation energy in α-A12O3. Lattice locations for <0001> {0110} and {1212} configurations show that the implanted Pb atoms are almost substitutional along the A1 rows. The substitutional fraction reaches a value of about 80% at an implantation dose of 1014 ions/cm2. Post-implantation annealing experiments indicated a degree of correlation between Pb migration and lattice damage recovery.
A Direct N-Acylation of Indole with Carboxalic Acids (1982)

A simple method for the N-acylation of indole is described.Indole ( 1 ) was directly acylated at nitrogen with various carboxylic acids ( 2 ) catalyzed by boric acid in moderate yield.N-Acylation of indole proceeds with divergence in general.Widely used synthetically, acylation of Grignard or sodio derivative of indole is complicated by concomitant formation of 3-acyl and/or 1.3-diacyl derivatives, depending upon the reaction temperature and the acylating reagent, and the yield of N-acylindole is unsatisfactory.')Recently, Illi reported an efficient N-acylation of indole with acid chloride and sodium hydroxide in dichloromethane using tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate as a phase-transfer catalyst.')An alternative procedure, involving w fiturntion of potassio indole with potassium hydroxide and indole in dimethoxyethane, also reported by Kikugawa.3 ) B (OH)* Satisfactory elemental analyses were obtained for all new compounds described.1Structures of 3 were also confirmed by H-NMR spectra.-
Achieving Weighted Fairness between Uplink and Downlink in IEEE 802.11 DCF-Based WLANs (2005)

In this paper, we first propose an analytical model of WLANs (wireless LANs) with an arbitrary backoff distribution and AIFS (arbitration inter-frame space). From the analysis, we show that the achievable bandwidth is determined by the mean of backoff distribution regardless of the shape of the backoff distribution. We compare the effectiveness of four parameters on channel access differentiation, namely, the mean of backoff distribution, CW/sub min/ (initial contention window), the number of backoff stages, and AIFS. Numerical results show that the mean of backoff distribution provides weighted fair channel access most accurately. Second, based on the proposed analytic frame work, we develop three schemes for the uplink/downlink bandwidth differentiation in order to achieve weighted fairness between uplink and downlink transmissions. Note that IEEE 802.11 is known to have unfairness between uplink and downlink accesses. Each scheme is characterized according to the corresponding channel access rule. The simulation results show that the proposed schemes achieve high system throughput while accurately differentiating bandwidth allocation.
[Multi-channel cochlear implantation in patients with congenital inner ear malformation accompanied middle ear malformation]. (2006)

Multi-channel cochlear implantation was successfully performed in three cases with congenital inner ear malformation accompanied middle ear malformation. The 27, 28, 32 electrodes were inserted respectively in three cases. The intraoperative "Ozze" occurred in three patients. No severe intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in three cases. All postoperative hearing thresholds were at 35-40 dBHL. CONCLUSION Multi-channel cochlear implantation could be performed in the cases with congenital inner ear malformation accompanied middle ear malformation through the transmastoid approach. The postoperative outcomes were satisfied.
Identification of malignant plasma cell precursors in the bone marrow of multiple myeloma. (1985)

Precursors of plasma cells were studied in the bone marrow of 28 patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, and benign monoclonal gammopathy. Pre-B and B cell populations were analyzed with anti-B monoclonal antibodies corresponding to the clusters standardized at the Leucocyte Typing Workshops in Paris and Boston (CD9, CD10, CD19-22, CD24). In advanced forms of plasma cell malignancies, such as cases of multiple myeloma in stages II and III and of plasma cell leukemia, some cells of lymphoid morphology expressed common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA, CD10) and HLA-DR, but contained no detectable terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase enzyme. These CALLA+ cells were absent in benign monoclonal gammopathies. In multiple myeloma, the CALLA+ cells were negative for surface and cytoplasmic immunoglobulins (Ig), and, unlike CALLA+, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT+) pre-B cells in the normal bone marrow also failed to react with antibodies to B cell-associated antigens such as CD9, CD19, CD22, and CD24. The CALLA+, Ig- cells could be regarded as preplasmacytic since, after having been separated and stimulated with the phorbol ester 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13 acetate in vitro, they transformed into plasma cells and synthesized the same heavy and light chains as myeloma cells.
Human genetic polymorphisms. (1994)

Mutations in the human genome lead to genetic polymorphisms in the population. While many of these are considered to be normal variants, many lead to human disease and are usually maintained in the population by a balance between mutation and selection. The frequency and type of mutations have been determined for a number of loci in man. The frequency of mutation in transgenes is now receiving considerable attention, since proteins synthesized in recombinant DNA biological systems are subject to genetic alteration through mutation and selection. These changes can occur in the transgene, but mutations in the host cell genes can also produce structural modifications for example, by changes in post-translational modification. Mutation rates for human genes may be as high as 10(-5) per locus per generation. Spontaneous mutations that inactivate gene function in bacteria occur at a rate of 10(-5)-10(-6) per locus per generation. On the other hand the frequency of spontaneous mutations per nucleotide is two orders of magnitude less (usually less than 10(-7)).
Toward Privacy-Preserving Personalized Recommendation Services (2018)

Recommendation systems are crucially important for the delivery of personalized services to users. With personalized recommendation services, users can enjoy a variety of targeted recommendations such as movies, books, ads, restaurants, and more. In addition, personalized recommendation services have become extremely effective revenue drivers for online business. Despite the great benefits, deploying personalized recommendation services typically requires the collection of users’ personal data for processing and analytics, which undesirably makes users susceptible to serious privacy violation issues. Therefore, it is of paramount importance to develop practical privacy-preserving techniques to maintain the intelligence of personalized recommendation services while respecting user privacy. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of the literature related to personalized recommendation services with privacy protection. We present the general architecture of personalized recommendation systems, the privacy issues therein, and existing works that focus on privacy-preserving personalized recommendation services. We classify the existing works according to their underlying techniques for personalized recommendation and privacy protection, and thoroughly discuss and compare their merits and demerits, especially in terms of privacy and recommendation accuracy. We also identity some future research directions.
Impact of gate-leakage current noise in sub-100 nm CMOS front-end electronics (2007)

In future high energy physics experiments, readout integrated circuits for charged particle tracking systems will be realized by means of CMOS devices belonging to fabrication processes whose minimum feature size is in the 100 nm span. In nanoscale technologies, the reduction of the gate oxide thickness introduces a non-negligible gate current due to direct tunneling phenomena. This leakage current, being caused by discrete charges randomly crossing a potential barrier, results in an increase of the static power consumption for digital circuits and might degrade noise performances in analog applications. As a consequence, in these advanced CMOS processes an accurate characterization of the gate current noise is mandatory in order to establish design criteria for detector front-ends. This work presents the results of static and noise characterization of the gate-leakage current carried out on NMOS devices belonging to a 90 nm commercial process. Data extracted from the measurements have been used to evaluate the impact of this noise source on the resolution limits achievable for low-noise charge sensitive amplifiers within this technology node.
A new method for random mutagenesis of complete genes: enzymatic generation of mutant libraries <i>in vitro</i> (1988)

A new efficient in vitro mutagenesis method for the generation of complete random mutant libraries, containing all possible single base substitution mutations in a cloned gene is described. The method is based on controlled use of polymerases. Four populations of DNA molecules are first generated by primer elongation so that they terminate randomly, but always just before a known type of base (before A, C, G or T respectively). Each of the four populations is then mutagenized in a separate misincorporation reaction, where the correct base can now be omitted. The regeneration of wild-type sequences can thus be efficiently avoided. Also, the misincorporating nucleotide concentrations can be optimized to give the three possible single mutations in close to equal ratio. The mutagenesis can be precisely localized within a predetermined target region of any size, and vector sequences remain intact. We have mutagenized the DNA coding for the alpha-fragment of Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase, and identified 176 different base substitution mutations by sequencing. The present method gives mutant yields of 40-60%, when the mutants contain about one amino acid change per protein molecule. All types of base substitution mutations can be generated and deletions are rare. The efficiency of this method permits the use of relatively elaborate screening systems to isolate mutants of either structural genes or regulatory regions.
Mizoribine: Mode of action and effects in clinical use (2002)

Mizoribine is a new immunosuppressive drug and was authorized by the Japanese Government in 1984. The strong immunosuppressive activity of mizoribine was already demonstrated in various animal models, in renal transplantation and in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Recently, the remarkable clinical advantages of an imidazole for adults with rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis and other rheumatic diseases were reported. Mizoribine is an imidazole nucleoside and the metabolites, MZ-5-P, exerts its activity through selective inhibition of inosine monophosphate synthetase and guanosine monophosphate synthetase, resulting in the complete inhibition of guanine nucleotide synthesis without incorporation into nucleotides. Thus, mizoribine is superior to azathioprine, in that it may not cause damages to normal cells and normal nucleic acid.
Chainia kunmingensis, a New Actinomycete Species Found in Soil (1985)

We propose a new species, Chainia kunmingensis. This species is represented by a single isolate from a soil sample obtained in Kunming, Peoples Republic of China. This strain (strain ATCC 35682T[T = type strain]) has the following morphological and chemical properties typical of the genus Chainia: formation of lipid-filled conidia and sclerotia, type I cell wall composition, lack of mycolic acids, type PII phospholipid composition, and deoxyribonucleic acid guanine-plus-cytosine content of 71.3 mol%. Strain ATCC 35682Tdiffers physiologically from all previously described species and thus is considered a new species.
Discovering causal signaling pathways through gene-expression patterns (2010)

High-throughput gene-expression studies result in lists of differentially expressed genes. Most current meta-analyses of these gene lists include searching for significant membership of the translated proteins in various signaling pathways. However, such membership enrichment algorithms do not provide insight into which pathways caused the genes to be differentially expressed in the first place. Here, we present an intuitive approach for discovering upstream signaling pathways responsible for regulating these differentially expressed genes. We identify consistently regulated signature genes specific for signal transduction pathways from a panel of single-pathway perturbation experiments. An algorithm that detects overrepresentation of these signature genes in a gene group of interest is used to infer the signaling pathway responsible for regulation. We expose our novel resource and algorithm through a web server called SPEED: Signaling Pathway Enrichment using Experimental Data sets. SPEED can be freely accessed at http://speed.sys-bio.net/.