gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da aprendizagem (2002)

Avaliação da aprendizagem? Tipos de avaliação? Estratégia de avaliação? Avaliação: descrições qualitativas e quantitativas dos comportamentos do aluno e julgamentos de valor sobre o desejo de apresentar aqueles comportamentos (Nível de proficiência) vs Classificação: descrições quantitativas dos comportamentos do aluno (Seriação).
Ultrathin Second‐Harmonic Metasurfaces with Record‐High Nonlinear Optical Response (2016)

Ultrathin metasurfaces with record-high nonlinear optical response of 1.2 × 106 pm V−1 for second harmonic generation are experimentally demonstrated in the mid-infrared spectral range. A second harmonic power conversion efficiency of 0.075% is achieved in a 400-nm-thick (λ/25) metasurface at a pump intensity of only 15 kW cm−2. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stop Promising Miracles 1 (2000)

Most software professionals must provide estimates for their work, but few of us are skillful estimators. Many of us haven’t been trained in estimation techniques. We’re too optimistic, with short memories that mask the painful overruns from previous projects. We don’t incorporate contingency buffers to accommodate unexpected events or risks that materialize. And we often overlook necessary aspects of an activity, so that when we eventually confront those tasks, we either perform them—thereby exceeding our estimates—or skip them, perhaps compromising quality in the process. There are several ways to become a better estimator. The most basic approach is to record effort, duration or size estimates as well as your estimating processes and assumptions, and then record the actual results from each estimated activity. Comparing actual outcomes to the estimates helps generate more accurate estimates in the future. Estimating procedures and templates that itemize tasks help avoid the common problem of overlooking necessary work. Another approach builds on the principle that multiple heads are better than one. Developed at the Rand Corporation in 1948, the Delphi estimation method asks a small team of experts to anonymously generate individual estimates from a problem description and reach consensus on a final set of estimates through iteration. In the early 1970s, Barry Boehm and his Rand colleagues modified this method into Wideband Delphi, which included more estimation team interaction; see Boehm’s Software Engineering Economics (Prentice Hall, 1981). Mary Sakry and Neil Potter of The Process Group, a Dallas, Texas-based consulting company, later created a repeatable procedure for performing Wideband Delphi estimation on software projects. Using the Wideband Delphi method provides several advantages over obtaining an estimate from a single individual. First, it helps build a complete task list or work breakdown structure for major activities, because each participant will think of tasks. The consensus approach helps eliminate bias in estimates produced by self-proclaimed experts, inexperienced estimators or influential individuals who have hidden agendas or divergent objectives. People are generally more committed to estimates they help produce than to those generated by others. No participant in an estimation activity knows the “right” answer, and creating multiple estimates acknowledges this uncertainty. Finally, users of the Delphi approach recognize the value of iteration on any complex activity.
Ce<sup>3+</sup>-Activated γ-Ca<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>4</sub> and Other Olivine-Type ABXO<sub>4</sub> Phosphors for Solid-State Lighting (2014)

Yellow-emitting phosphors activated by Ce3+ are key components of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on the blue (Ga,In)N LED. In these phosphors, the electronic environment around Ce3+ determines its photoluminescence wavelengths. Placing Ce3+ in octahedral sites in oxides can potentially lead to yellow or orange phosphors that can compete with the important commercial phosphor, Y3Al5O12:Ce. However, there are very few examples of such materials. In this article, we explore the photoluminescent behavior of Ce3+ in oxides with the olivine structure, whereby two distorted octahedral doping sites exist. We demonstrate that the promising new yellow phosphor γ-Ca2SiO4:Ce requires a second dopant, Al3+, to avoid the formation of the undesired β polymorph. Our results indicate that the yellow emission is indirectly caused by the complex polymorphism of Ca2SiO4, particularly the low temperature formation of the γ-phase. The dramatic shift in emission from yellow to light-blue when this phosphor is heated to 800 °C is explained in terms of the redistribution of Ce3+ in the lattice. A similar effect is observed when Si4+ is substituted by Ge4+. The light-blue emission of Ca2GeO4:Ce,Al is reported as well as the photoluminescent properties of the Ca2(Ge,Si)O4:Ce,Al solid solution.
Realization of DRFM radar target simulator based on general instruments (2015)

The target echo should be simulated in the radar testing system; Meanwhile, the deception jamming signals should be generated to test the anti-jamming characteristic of radar. As the digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) can store and duplicate sampling signals with high fidelity, the testing system is a preferred method to test the modern radar targets which can not only generate multiple false targets, but also generate the range-gate pull-off jamming and velocity-gate pull-off jamming. The DRFM radar target simulator constructed based on the universal vector signal generator SMW200A and real-time spectrum analyzer FSW realizes the real-time simulation of multiple radar targets and jamming simulation with an operating frequency ranging from 10K to 40GHz. It can also realize generation of signals from multiple radar emitters, multi-target echo characteristic, deception jamming, noise jamming, multiple environment clutters and SAR surface target simulation. The DRFM simulator constructed based on the general instruments realizes the universality and standardization of radar target simulator, and it can meet the requirements for testing various radar systems.
Emission mechanism in rubrene-doped molecular organic light-emitting diodes: direct carrier recombination at luminescent centers (1998)

The emission mechanism in molecularly doped organic light-emitting diodes, where the emitting layer is composed of N,N'-diphenyl-N,N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1'-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD) as the host and 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (rubrene) as the dopant, is investigated in terms of energy transfer and direct carrier recombination. Hole trapping by rubrene is identified by current versus voltage and mobility measurements in single-layered devices. Shallow traps are formed and are found to be filled by injected holes at electric field above 2/spl times/10/sup 5/ V/cm. Electroluminescence observed in single-layered devices indicate that electrons can be injected directly into the hole transporter, TPD. In double-layered devices composed of TPD and tris-(8-hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(III) (Alq/sub 3/), the penetration depth of electrons into undoped TPD is determined to be /spl les/5 nm from the Alq/sub 3/ interface. Upon doping with rubrene, the emission zone is extended to 20 nm due to the increase in the electron penetration depth. This is attributed to the transition of the electron hopping sites from TPD to rubrene molecules. At high-rubrene concentration, electron transport occurs via hopping on the rubrene molecules. The dominant emission mechanism in rubrene-doped TPD is attributed to the electron-hole recombination at the dopant molecule. This is maximized by hole trapping and electron transport of rubrene.
Carbon Nanotube Alignment and Manipulation Using Electrostatic Fields (1996)

Abstract Carbon nanotubes can be aligned and manipulated using an electrostatic dipole moment induced by an applied electrostatic field. The theory of this technique is discussed, as well as some applications.
A study on precision drive mechanism for monochromator grating (1997)

The extent of absorption and transmitance of the light that passes through some material is changed as the wavelength of the light varies, and which makdes it possible to estimate characteristics of the material. Spectrometer is a measurement system that can analyze the characteristics of material by using this principle. Its application field is so wide that it can be applied to all the arease that are concerned with analyzing materials : biological, environmental, medical and chemical area etc. This study is focused on developing precision sine drive mechanism for grating monochromator which is the most important part of the spectrometers. It is designed to be simple in struicture. It is achieved to derive basic principles to manipu- late precision sine drive mechanism : it should be aligned with a condition that .beta. , the angle between grat- ing normal and grating rod should be the same as .gamma. , the one between moving nut's normal and sliding guide. And also, it's found that the mis-alignments of the grating and mirrors are not the main factor in guaranteeing the linearity of sine drive mechanism. Performance evaluation is achieved by a standard sample by comparing experimental results with standard values. It results in wavelength accuracy of .+-. 0.5nm and resolution of 1nm. Conclusively, it can be verified that the sine drive mechanism developed in this study is not only simple in structure, but also stable and excellent in performanes.
FPGA based architecture for DNA sequence comparison and database search (2006)

DNA sequence comparison is a computationally intensive problem, known widely since the competition for human DNA decryption. Database search for DNA sequence comparison is of great value to computational biologists. Several algorithms have been developed and implemented to solve this problem efficiently, but from a user base point of view the BLAST algorithm is the most widely used one. In this paper, we present a new architecture for the BLAST algorithm. The new architecture was fully designed, placed and routed. The post place-and-route cycle-accurate simulation, accounting for the I/O, shows a better performance than a cluster of workstations running highly optimized code over identical datasets. The new architecture and detailed performance results are presented in this paper.
Clustering method for the identification of convex disconnected Multiple Input Multiple Output instructions (2008)

The instruction-set extensions problem has been one of the topics which has became popular over the last years and it entails the addition of a set of new complex instructions to a given instruction-set. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for the automatic generation of convex multiple input multiple output instructions (MIMOs). The proposed algorithm is based on a two-step method which generates a coverage of the application with single output clusters of instructions and subsequently generates an optimal set of complex MIMO instructions to implement in hardware through an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation of the instruction selection problem. The proposed approach can be applied directly to large kernels and does not impose limitations neither on the number of inputs and/or outputs, nor on the number of new instructions generated. Our results on four well known kernels show that the extended instruction-set allows to execute applications more efficiently and needing fewer cycles. On average between 50% and 70% of the initial execution cycles can be saved depending on the kernel and the reconfigurable platform addressed.
The impact of the variability of ionospheric phase refractive index on radio signals instability (2011)

The ionospheric phase refractive index is a complex function that determines the attenuation and the trajectory of radio signals through the ionosphere. This complex refractive index model has been obtained using the Maxwell's equations, the tensorial conductivity equation, electron collision models, and the geomagnetic field model. The model has been used to study and investigate the phase refractive index on radio wave propagation for high latitude, low latitude and equatorial regions of the global ionosphere, at 1400 h LT, during the periods of high solar activity (Rz = 104.5, year 1970), moderate solar activity (Rz = 68.9, year 1972) and low solar activity (Rz = 12.6, year 1976). Our results showed that ionospheric phase refractive index is not constant, less than unity, increases with increasing propagating radio frequencies and for a particular propagating radio frequency, it increases with decreasing solar activity.

	 

	Key words: Ionosphere, radio signal, phase refractive index, attenuation, solar activity.
Mechanisms of resistance of staphylococci grown in plasma to polymorph bactericidins (1984)

SUMMARY The mechanisms whereby staphylococcal strains grown in plasma assume increased resistance to polymorph bactericidins were investigated. Observations reported here showed that cultural conditions could determine the path of conversion to resistance. Staphylococcal strains and mutants lacking either free coagulase or clumping factor or both all showed enhanced resistance after 10 h incubation in plasma proteins, thus giving no clear indication that these factors were involved in the interactions. In fact, prolonged incubation in bovine serum albumin (22 h) and ordinary broth medium (24 h) also resulted in increased resistance. A distinction between staphylococcal factors interacting specifically with plasma proteins and such non-specific conversions was obtained in two different ways. Stripping of a hypothetical surface protein by treatment with trypsin or 2 M potassium bromide rendered plasma- but not 24 h-broth organisms susceptible, indicating protein coating of plasma-grown organisms. Also free coagulase-positive strains and mutants incubated in plasma for 30 min were converted while those lacking both or possessing clumping factor alone were not. It therefore appears that one of the mechanisms of acquiring resistance involves a rapid interaction between staphylococcal-free coagulase and fibrinogen, resulting in the deposition of fibrin or fibrin derivatives on the bacterial surface.
Expert systems programming: practical techniques for rule-based systems (1990)

Getting started: developing your first expert system attributes and values rules development approaches using uncertainty multi-valued information handling unknown information procedural control integration explanation facilities designing the user interface testing the knowledge base. Appendix: sample knowledge bases.
Maintenance immunotherapy in ragweed hay fever. Booster injections at six week intervals. (1971)

In the immunotherapy of hay fever with pollen extracts, when treatment is temporarily discontinued after a course of weekly injections, the decline of blocking antibodies as measured by inhibition of leukocyte histamine release takes many months. The practice of giving booster injections in perennial immunotherapy every 2 or 3 weeks therefore appears unnecessary. To test this hypothesis, a schedule of perennial treatment with boosters at 6 week intervals was tried in a group of ragweed hay fever patients who had previously been treated with preseasonal injections for 2 or more years. Over two years, 8 injections a year (omitting an injection during the season) maintained and perhaps even augmented both clinical improvement and blocking antibody levels without problems caused by untoward reactions.
The Top of the Inserted-like Domain of the Integrin Lymphocyte Function-associated Antigen-1 β Subunit Contacts the α Subunit β-Propeller Domain near β-Sheet 3 (2000)

We find that monoclonal antibody YTA-1 recognizes an epitope formed by a combination of the integrin alpha(L) and beta(2) subunits of LFA-1. Using human/mouse chimeras of the alpha(L) and beta(2) subunits, we determined that YTA-1 binds to the predicted inserted (I)-like domain of the beta(2) subunit and the predicted beta-propeller domain of the alpha(L) subunit. Substitution into mouse LFA-1 of human residues Ser(302) and Arg(303) of the beta(2) subunit and Pro(78), Thr(79), Asp(80), Ile(365), and Asn(367) of the alpha(L) subunit is sufficient to completely reconstitute YTA-1 reactivity. Antibodies that bind to epitopes that are nearby in models of the I-like and beta-propeller domains compete with YTA-1 monoclonal antibody for binding. The predicted beta-propeller domain of integrin alpha subunits contains seven beta-sheets arranged like blades of a propeller around a pseudosymmetry axis. The antigenic residues cluster on the bottom of this domain in the 1-2 loop of blade 2, and on the side of the domain in beta-strand 4 of blade 3. The I domain is inserted between these blades on the top of the beta-propeller domain. The antigenic residues in the beta subunit localize to the top of the I-like domain near the putative Mg(2+) ion binding site. Thus, the I-like domain contacts the bottom or side of the beta-propeller domain near beta-sheets 2 and 3. YTA-1 preferentially reacts with activated LFA-1 and is a function-blocking antibody, suggesting that conformational movements occur near the interface it defines between the LFA-1 alpha and beta subunits.
Towards nanoelectronics: possible CNN implementations using nanoelectronic devices (2002)

We discuss novel nanoelectronic architecture paradigms based on cells composed of coupled quantum-dots. Boolean logic functions may be implemented in specific arrays of cells representing binary information, the so-called quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). Cells may also be viewed as carrying analog information and we outline a network-theoretic description of such quantum-dot nonlinear networks (Q-CNN). In addition, we discuss possible realizations of these structures in a variety of semiconductor systems, rings of metallic tunnel junctions, and candidates for molecular implementations.
Gaining customer knowledge through analytical CRM (2005)

Purpose This paper aims to examine how customer relationship management (CRM) systems are implemented in practice with a focus on the strategic application, i.e. how analytical CRM systems are used to support customer knowledge acquisition and how such a system can be developed. Design/methodology/approach The current practice of CRM application is based on examining data reported from a four‐year survey of CRM applications in the UK and an evaluation of CRM analytical functions provided by 20 leading software vendors. A conceptual model of an analytical CRM system for customer knowledge acquisition is developed based on the findings and literature review. Findings Current CRM systems are dominated by operational applications such as call centres. The application of analytical CRM has been low, and the provision of these systems is limited to a few leading software vendors. Practical implications The findings shed light on the potential area in which organisations can strategically use CRM systems. It also provides guidance for the IT industry as to how an analytical CRM system should be developed to support customer knowledge acquisition. Originality/value The latest findings on CRM systems application are reported, and an innovative analytical CRM system is proposed for customer knowledge acquisition.
Flow Control of Seawater With a Diverging Duct by MHD Separation Method (2004)

A unique control method for a diverging seawater flow based on electromagnetic force, the so-called MHD (magnetohydrodynamics) separation method, is performed. The experimental apparatus is composed of a 10-T class superconducting magnet, a separation cell, a seawater tank, and a flow system. The constructed separation cell contains parallel electrodes, 18 mm wide, 40 mm long and 20 mm apart, and a diverging duct divided into equal parts, A (not affected by electromagnetic force) and B (affected by electromagnetic force). The dependence of flow ratio (mass of side-A sample solution/total mass of sample solution) on electric current, magnetic field, NaCl concentration and sample velocity has been studied experimentally using NaCl aqueous solution. The possibility of flow control of seawater with a diverging duct by the MHD separation method as well as experimental results are discussed.
10-Gb/s &#x00D7; 12-ch downsized optical modules with electrical conductive film connector (2008)

We demonstrate 10-Gb/s/ch operations of high-density, low-cost 12-channel optical modules for optical interconnections. These optical modules that we developed are designed to be pluggable into cards with an electrical connector. These pluggable modules will enable cards to be manufactured much more easily since they allow the manufacturing processes of optical modules and cards to be separated. An electrical connector with a clamp spring is used to connect a ceramic substrate with a printed circuit board (PCB). An anisotropic conductive film (ACF) is used to transmit electrical signals between the ceramic substrate and the PCB. To achieve optical coupling, optical fibers are butt-coupled with optical devices mounted in a cavity on the ceramic substrate. Alignment between the twelve optical fibers and the 12-channel optical device is achieved using guide pins fabricated in the ceramic substrate and guide holes fabricated in the optical connector.
Threshold-level repetitive transcranial electrical stimulation for intraoperative monitoring of central motor conduction (2001)

Intraoperative threshold-level repetitive TES-based monitoring of central motor conduction has proven to be a simple, safe, and highly accurate technique for the prevention or minimization of inadvertent motor deficit during surgery involving the spine or spinal cord.
Role of PriA in Replication Fork Reactivation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2000)

As a result of the work of many laboratories, a new paradigm describing the manner by which bacteria respond to repair DNA damage has emerged.This paradigm holds that under any growth condition, essentially all replication forks formed at oriC encounter DNA damage and either stall or collapse before they can complete synthesis of the genome.Maintenance of cell viability therefore requires both correction of the DNA lesion via the action of the DNA repair enzymes and replication fork restart via the combined action of the DNA recombination and replication enzymes.A proposal has been advanced to distinguish this pathway, which operates as a housekeeping function in the absence of exogenous insult to the cell and is likely to be inherently nonmutagenic, from the SOS response, which is induced by exogenous DNA damage and includes error-prone repair, that it be named CPR for coordinated processing of damaged replication forks (