gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A synergistic anti-bacterial effect with cold atmospheric plasma (cap) and silver antibiotic nanoparticles (2016)

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Application of Ring-Closing Metathesis for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Peptidomimetics as Inhibitors of HCV NS3 Protease (2007)

An efficient synthetic approach for the preparation of macrocyclic peptidomimetics for inhibition of HCV NS3 is presented. The macrocyclic core is built using ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of a tripeptidic diene. The presented approach allows the introduction of heteroatoms in strategic places along the macrocyclic ring. The methyl ester moiety in the RCM products was synthetically manipulated to install a keto-amide moiety via a Passerini reaction.
Interference cancellation receiver for multiple-access space-time block-coded systems over frequency selective channels (2006)

Transmit diversity schemes have emerged in wireless systems as an attractive solution to obtain diversity gains at the mobile terminals. An efficient way of achieving transmit diversity is the use of space-time block-coding (STBC). In high- data rate mobile communication systems with tight reuse configurations, inter-symbol interference (ISI) as well as co-channel interference (CCI) due to user multiple access must be considered in the design of STBC systems. In this work we propose an effective receiver structure for multiple-access space-time block- coded systems capable of performing CCI cancellation and ISI equalization in a two-stage approach. The receiver is based on a cascade connection of i) a multiple-input- multiple-output (MIMO) minimum mean square error (MMSE) spatial filter for CCI cancellation, ii) a modified space-time decoder and iii) a non-linear sequence-detector equalizer for ISI equalization. The non-linear equalizer is a prefiltered delayed decision-feedback sequence estimator (DDFSE). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed receiver offers remarkable results while being interference-resistant and having a reduced complexity detector.
Interaction of mouse hepatitis virus 3 with Kupffer cells explanted from susceptible and resistant mouse strains. Antiviral activity, interleukin-1 synthesis (1988)

The genetic sensitivity of mouse strains to mouse hepatitis virus 3 (MHV 3) has been related in vitro to a delay of virus replication in liver sinusoidal cells. In vivo immuno-histochemical studies of the liver from infected mice have demonstrated that mechanisms other than direct viral injury are in operation. To examine potential mechanisms, the interaction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Kupffer cells with MHV 3 was studied. We first observed a dramatic inhibition in viral replication in LPS-treated Kupffer cells explanted from A/J resistant mice. Second, we demonstrated that MHV 3 induced a dose-dependent interleukin 1 (IL-1) activity in the supernatants of infected Kupffer cells of both strains. These results led us finally to examine the antigen-processing function of the Kupffer cells of both strains of mice. No striking differences were observed in the ability of Kupffer cells from resistant or sensitive mice to collaborate with immunocompetent lymphocytes. Our data suggest that Kupffer cells play a double role which is crucial in the pathogenesis of MHV 3-induced hepatitis. First, they act directly as the genetically determined sensitivity of mice to MHV 3 infection is correlated with the efficiency of the antiviral activity induced in Kupffer cells by LPS. Second, they act indirectly through the synthesis of different amounts of IL-1 induced by MHV 3. This hypothesis is further borne out by the effects of indomethacin treatment on the course of MHV 3 infection in A/J resistant mice in vivo.
Osteoclastic activation is the principal mechanism leading to secondary osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis. (1998)

This study suggests that osteoclastic activation, rather than suppression of bone formation, is the dominant process leading to bone loss in early RA. Although urinary pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline were excellent markers of BMD change, CRP was found to be best overall. This provides a rational approach for selecting and treating patients with RA to reduce their established longterm risk of osteoporotic fracture.
Fluorescence in Nanobiotechnology: Sophisticated Fluorophores for Novel Applications (2012)

Nanobiotechnology is one of the fastest growing and broadest-ranged interdisciplinary subfields of the nanosciences. Countless hybrid bio-inorganic composites are currently being pursued for various uses, including sensors for medical and diagnostic applications, light- and energy-harvesting devices, along with multifunctional architectures for electronics and advanced drug-delivery. Although many disparate biological and nanoscale materials will ultimately be utilized as the functional building blocks to create these devices, a common element found among a large proportion is that they exert or interact with light. Clearly continuing development will rely heavily on incorporating many different types of fluorophores into these composite materials. This review covers the growing utility of different classes of fluorophores in nanobiotechnology, from both a photophysical and a chemical perspective. For each major structural or functional class of fluorescent probe, several representative applications are provided, and the necessary technological background for acquiring the desired nano-bioanalytical information are presented.
Controlled heterogeneous modification of cellulose fibers with fatty acids: Effect of reaction conditions on the extent of esterification and fiber properties (2006)

Abstract The controlled heterogeneous partial modification of cellulose fibers with fatty acids, partially preserving the fiber structure, was investigated. The effect of reaction conditions, such as reaction time, fatty acid chain length, and solvent types (swelling and non swelling), on the extent of esterification and fiber properties was evaluated by elemental analysis, IR‐ATR, X‐ray diffraction, 13 C CPMAS NMR, contact angle measurement, thermogravimetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The degree of substitution (DS) increased with reaction time and with the swelling effect of the reaction medium and decreased with the fatty acids chain length. Higher the DS, higher is the decrystallization of cellulose as a result of the heterogeneous esterification reaction. The esterification with fatty acids enhanced the hydrophobic character of the fibers, but decreased their thermal stability. These properties are not strongly affected by the DS in the range investigated, viz. up to 1.4. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1093–1102, 2006
Optical correlators with fast updating speed using photorefractive semicondutor materials (1988)

An updatable optical correlator which uses a photorefractive compound semiconductor to generate real-time matched filters is proposed. Using compound semiconductors offers high speed with low optical input intensities. Here we discuss issues affecting the performance of this correlator. This includes an analysis of the Bragg diffraction and a discussion of the speed and power considerations of these materials. Experimental results obtained using photorefractive GaAs are also presented.
Noise Canceling Headsets for Speech Communication (2018)

Headsets for speech communication are used in a wide range of applications. A communication headset usually consists of a pair of headphones and a microphone attached to the headset with an adjustable boom. This chapter focuses on passive and active control of the noise inside the ear cups of headsets. It also focuses on two techniques for reducing the amount of background noise picked up by the intercom microphone and transmitted with the speech: spectral subtraction and a new in-ear technique. Analog feedback active noise control techniques for use in headset applications have received considerable attention. These techniques have proved to be very successful at improving attenuation at frequencies below 1000 Hz by up to 20 dB and at the same time enabling comfortable noise canceling headsets to be designed. For the control of narrowband noise both digital feedback and digital feedforward controllers enable further attenuation to be achieved compared with analog feedback controllers.
Apomixis in diploid × triploid <i>Tripsacum dactyloides</i> hybrids (1991)

Apomixis can hinder plant improvement if sexual or apomictic germ plasm of the appropriate ploidy level, required for effective manipulation of apomixis, is not available. To develop needed germ plasm and increase knowledge of apomixis in Tripsacum dactyloides, diploid (2n = 2x = 36) sexual plants were crossed with a highly apomictic triploid (2n = 3x = 54) accession in an attempt to transfer apomixis from a polyploid to the diploid level. The fertility of most hybrids was very low, 69% had 10% or less seed set. A selected subset of 48 hybrids, including most of the more fertile plants, was studied cytologically. The chromosome number of these hybrids ranged from 2n = 36 to 2n = 54. All but 3 of 46 of the 48 hybrids showed indications of apomictic development. Those with near-diploid chromosome numbers were primarily sexual. Highly apomictic hybrids, based on percent diplosporous ovules, had 43 or more chromosomes. Fertility of these hybrids was not related to chromosome number. Fertility of sexual to moderately apomictic plants was reduced as chromosome number increased. Apomixis in T. dactyloides is facultative. Backcrosses are needed to develop germ plasm with a high level of apomixis and near-diploid chromosome numbers.Key words: eastern gama-grass, chromosome number, fertility, mode of reproduction, germ plasm.
ABC of Breast Diseases: Breast Pain (1994)

Breast pain of any type is a rare symptom of breast cancer, and only 7% of patients with breast cancer have mastalgia as their only symptom Breast pain (mastalgia) alone or in association with lumpiness is reported in up to a half of all women attending breast clinics.Two thirds of a group of working women and 77% of a screening population admitted to having had recent breast pain when directly questioned.Most mastalgia is of minor or moderate severity and is accepted as part of the normal changes that occur in relation to the menstrual cycle.Studies have clearly shown that women who complain of mastalgia are psychologically no different from women attending hospital outpatient clinics for other conditions. ClassificationBreast pain chart of patient with severe cyclical mastalgia.(P indicates menstrual period.)
The therapeutic ratio is preserved for radiotherapy or cisplatin treatment in BRCA2-mutated prostate cancers (2011)

Prostate cancers in patients with a mutation in BRCA2 have earlier disease onset and an aggressive course, often necessitating the use of systemic therapy. However, these tumours are DNA repair-defective and could respond favourably to Parp inhibitors or DNA-damaging agents, depending on the therapeutic ratio (ratio of tumour response to normal tissue toxicity). We describe 3 patients treated with precision radiotherapy or cisplatin who responded favourably to both agents, yet did not suffer undue toxicity. We review the concept of treating such patients with agents that are selectively toxic to repair-deficient tumours.
Miniature lamellar grating interferometer based on silicon technology (2004)

We present a lamellar grating interferometer realized with microelectromechanical system technology. It is used as a time-scanning Fourier-transform spectrometer. The motion is carried out by an electrostatic comb drive actuator fabricated by silicon micromachining, particularly by silicon-on-insulator technology. For the first time to our knowledge, we measure the spectrum of an extended white-light source with a resolution of 1.6 nm at a wavelength of 400 nm and of 5.5 nm at 800 nm. The wavelength accuracy is better than 0.5 nm, and the inspected wavelength range extends from 380 to 1100 nm. The optical path difference maximum is 145 microm. The dimensions of the device are 5 mm x 5 mm.
Multifunctional Roles for the PH Domain of Dbs in Regulating Rho GTPase Activation (2003)

Dbl family members are guanine nucleotide exchange factors specific for Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and invariably possess tandem Dbl (DH) and pleckstrin homology (PH) domains. Dbs, a Dbl family member specific for Cdc42 and RhoA, exhibits transforming activity when overexpressed in NIH 3T3 mouse fibroblasts. In this study, the PH domain of Dbs was mutated to impair selectively either guanine nucleotide exchange or phosphoinositide binding in vitro and resulting physiological alterations were assessed. As anticipated, substitution of residues within the PH domain of Dbs integral to the interface with GTPases reduced nucleotide exchange and eliminated the ability of Dbs to transform NIH 3T3 cells. More interestingly, substitutions within the PH domain that prevent interaction with phosphoinositides yet do not alter in vitro activation of GTPases also do not transform NIH 3T3 cell and fail to activate RhoA in vivo despite proper subcellular localization. Therefore, the PH domain of Dbs serves multiple roles in the activation of GTPases and cannot be viewed as a simple membrane-anchoring device. In particular, the data suggest that binding of phosphoinositides to the PH domain within the context of membrane surfaces may direct orientations or conformations of the linked DH and PH domains to regulate GTPases activation.
Microwave Filters Using Quarter-Wave Couplings (1947)

This paper presents a method of designing bandpass and band-rejection microwave filters by appropriately transforming lumped-element filters. Such microwave filters are realized physically as chains of resonant elements (either cavities or irises), coupled by quarter-wave sections of line. A structure of this type has a number of practical advantages over other types of filter structures, such as a chain of directly coupled cavities, because it permits the construction of the resonant elements as separate units, and yields more liberal tolerances on the dimensions of the coupling irises. A comparison is made of the theoretical and measured characteristics of an experimental four-cavity filter.
Beam-Lead plated heat sink GaAs IMPATT: Part I&#8212;Performance (1975)

GaAs IMPATT devices are currently being developed for use as high-power microwave oscillators. Since low thermal impedance is required for dissipation of high input powers, this device is usually fabricated by thermal compression bonding to a diamond heat sink or a multimesa plated heat sink. This paper discusses the development of 4-mesa beam-leaded plated heat sink (BLPHS) C- and X-band GaAs IMPATT diodes. A description of the fabrication procedures is given, whereby the beam-lead interconnects are formed as part of the wafer fabrication procedure. Diodes tested at 5 GHz give up to 7.3 W of output power at 13.5- percent efficiency at a junction temperature of approximately 210°C. X-band diodes, although the data is more limited, show efficiencies up to 16.5 percent (2.2 W) for fiat profile diodes, and up to 20.8 percent for lo-hi-lo profile diodes. BLPHS diodes, therefore, are limited in their efficiency by the epitaxial material's doping profile. Accelerated stress aging data taken to date on BLPHS units show them to have an estimated mean time to failure greater than 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> h at 200°C, which is comparable to thermal compression bonded to diamond units.
Where's My Million? (1998)

New research by Grossman Professor of Economics Jan Hogendorn hints at troubling issues surrounding the marketing of lotteries.
Synthetics basics: Polyalphaolefins — base fluids for high‐performance lubricants (1996)

Abstract Polyalphaolefins or PAOs are saturated oligomers manufactured via the catalytic oligomerisation of alphaolefins. An oligomeric mixture is obtained which is then hydrogenated and distilled to produce a range of PAOs. These synthetic fluids are differentiated and graded by their viscosities at 100°C. PAOs are mainly used as high‐performance functional base fluids in engine lubricants, gear oils, hydraulic oils, automatic transmission oils, compressor/pump oils, and greases. Automotive engine (crankcase) lubricants represent the biggest market for PAOs and here they compete with petroleum‐based oils. When compared to mineral oils, PAOs exhibit a number of inherently superior physical and chemical properties, such as greater fluidity at low temperature, lower volatility, a higher viscosity index, a lower pour point, better oxidative/thermal stability, low toxicity, and biodegradable low viscosity grades. This combination of properties means that PAOs enhance the formulator's ability to produce high‐performance lubricant oils. Some examples of performance benefits obtained from PAO‐based formulations have been shown to match and even exceed the performance of higher cost traditional ester‐based oils when tested under the new Japanese Automobile Standards Organisation (JASO) FC two‐stroke specifications. Low viscosity automotive engine oils, which can only be formulated with PAOs, can produce a fuel saving of >2% when tested under US Federal Test Procedure (USFTP) 75.
Image metamorphosis with scattered feature constraints (1996)

This paper describes an image metamorphosis technique to handle scattered feature constraints specified with points, polylines, and splines. Solutions to the following three problems are presented: feature specification, warp generation, and transition control. We demonstrate the use of snakes to reduce the burden of feature specification. Next, we propose the use of multilevel free-form deformations (MFFD) to compute C/sup 2/-continuous and one-to-one mapping functions among the specified features. The resulting technique, based on B-spline approximation, is simpler and faster than previous warp generation methods. Furthermore, it produces smooth image transformations without undesirable ripples and foldovers. Finally, we simplify the MFFD algorithm to derive transition functions to control geometry and color blending. Implementation details are furnished and comparisons among various metamorphosis techniques are presented.
Heavier Group 2 Element Catalyzed Hydrophosphination of Carbodiimides (2008)

Amides of the heavier group 2 elements Ca, Sr, and Ba are effective precatalysts for the atom-efficient addition of phosphine P−H bonds to carbodiimides. A number of intermediates within the catalytic cycle have been identified by in situ NMR methods and by stoichiometric synthesis.
Bacteriocin small of fast-growing rhizobia is chloroform soluble and is not required for effective nodulation (1985)

Small bacteriocin is a low-molecular-weight bacteriocin which is common in fast-growing rhizobia. As its activity could not be detected in chloroform-sterilized culture supernatants (P.R. Hirsch, J. Gen. Microbiol. 113:219-228, 1979), the bacteriocin could not be purified in order to study its mechanism of action. We report here that small is soluble in chloroform, an observation which led to effective and simple (partial) purification. Other properties of small are its low molecular weight, which is estimated to be between 700 and 1,500, its resistance to proteolytic enzymes, pectinase, and lysozyme, and its heat stability at pH 5.5 but not at pH 7.0. Its bactericidal action on exponentially growing sensitive cells was not detected until 11 h after its addition. The bactericidal action was preceded by inhibition of cell division. To determine whether small activity is required for nodulation or nitrogen fixation, a transposon Tn5-induced small-negative mutant was isolated. The observation that this strain formed normal, acetylene-reducing root nodules showed that small production is not a prerequisite for the formation of effective nodules.
Growth of diamond films on boron nitride thin films by bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition (1997)

We report the growth of continuous diamond thin films by bias-assisted hot filament chemical vapor deposition onto hexagonal boron nitride films prepared by plasma chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. Negative substrate biasing during the early stages of diamond growth greatly increased the nucleation density. Values of 1010 cm−2 were achieved at −250 V for bias times as short as 25 min. After the nucleation stage, high quality polycrystalline continuous diamond films, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy and Raman analysis, were grown under standard hot filament deposition conditions.
The spectral exponent of the resting EEG indexes the presence of consciousness during unresponsiveness induced by propofol, xenon, and ketamine (2019)

Despite the absence of responsiveness during anesthesia, conscious experience may persist. However, reliable, easily acquirable and interpretable neurophysiological markers of the presence of consciousness in unresponsive states are still missing. A promising marker is based on the decay-rate of the power spectral density (PSD) of the resting EEG. We acquired resting electroencephalogram (EEG) in three groups of healthy participants (n = 5 each), before and during anesthesia induced by either xenon, propofol or ketamine. Dosage of each anesthetic agent was tailored to yield unresponsiveness (Ramsay score = 6). Delayed subjective reports assessed whether conscious experience was present ('Conscious report') or absent/inaccessible to recall ('No Report'). We estimated the decay of the PSD of the resting EEG-after removing oscillatory peaks-via the spectral exponent β, for a broad band (1-40 Hz) and narrower sub-bands (1-20 Hz, 20-40 Hz). Within-subject anesthetic changes in β were assessed. Furthermore, based on β, 'Conscious report' states were discriminated against 'no report' states. Finally, we evaluated the correlation of the resting spectral exponent with a recently proposed index of consciousness, the Perturbational Complexity Index (PCI), derived from a previous TMS-EEG study. The spectral exponent of the resting EEG discriminated states in which consciousness was present (wakefulness, ketamine) from states where consciousness was reduced or abolished (xenon, propofol). Loss of consciousness substantially decreased the (negative) broad-band spectral exponent in each subject undergoing xenon or propofol anesthesia-indexing an overall steeper PSD decay. Conversely, ketamine displayed an overall PSD decay similar to that of wakefulness-consistent with the preservation of consciousness-yet it showed a flattening of the decay in the high-frequencies (20-40 Hz)-consistent with its specific mechanism of action. The spectral exponent was highly correlated to PCI, corroborating its interpretation as a marker of the presence of consciousness. A steeper PSD of the resting EEG reliably indexed unconsciousness in anesthesia, beyond sheer unresponsiveness.
Joint estimation of time delays and directions of arrival of multiple reflections of a known signal (2002)

An efficient algorithm for estimating the time delays and the directions-of-arrival of multiple reflections of a known signal is presented. The algorithm is based on an iterative scheme that transforms the multidimensional maximum likelihood criterion into two sets of simple one dimensional maximisations. Simulation results illustrating the performance of the algorithm in comparison with the Cramer-Rao bound are included.