gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction with radiofrequency energy. (1989)

Catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction using direct-current defibrillator discharges requires general anesthesia and may have serious side effects. Sixteen patients with drug-refractory supraventricular tachycardia underwent catheter ablation of the atrioventricular junction using radiofrequency energy. A standard 7F quadripolar electrode catheter was positioned to record the largest unipolar His potential (580 +/- 640 microV) from the distal electrode. An electrocoagulator (Microvasive Bicap 4005) supplied continuous, unmodulated energy at 550 kHz. One to 14 applications of radiofrequency current were delivered between the distal electrode and a large-diameter chest wall electrode. Transient, mild chest discomfort was reported by seven of 16 patients. None had significant arrhythmias or blood pressure changes during radiofrequency ablation. Complete atrioventricular block was produced in nine of 16 patients and high-grade second-degree atrioventricular block was produced in one patient with radiofrequency current. Attenuated His bundle electrograms could still be recorded in the remaining six patients, four of whom underwent successful atrioventricular junctional ablation using direct-current shock during the same session. Atrioventricular block persisted in all 10 patients successfully treated with radiofrequency ablation during a mean follow-up of 4.2 months. Compared with a group of historic control subjects treated with direct-current shock ablation, the 10 patients successfully treated with radiofrequency current had significantly less creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme release (5.7 +/- 5.1 vs. 22 +/- 13 IU, p = 0.006). A junctional escape rhythm was present in all patients after radiofrequency-induced atrioventricular block. In contrast, three of 10 control patients had an idioventricular escape after direct current shock ablation, and four patients had no escape rhythm at all.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Retention of Structure in Microemulsion Polymerization:  Formation of Nanolatices (2004)

Polymerization of styrene-in-water microemulsions by photoinitiation using the initiator 2,2'-dimethoxy-2-phenyl acetophenone (DMPA) produces small nanolatices of the same size as the parent microemulsion (radius = 24-31 angstroms). This behavior is distinct from previously applied methods where significant particle growth accompanies the polymerization reaction. NMR measurements confirmed that polymerization is complete in under an hour and small-angle neutron scattering established the microemulsion structure before and after polymerization. The approach may be of more general application where retention of structure is sought in microemulsion-based polymer templating procedures.
BARRIERS TO SUCCESSFUL DELIVERY OF SHORT INTERFERING RNA AFTER SYSTEMIC ADMINISTRATION (2008)

1. RNA interference in vivo has tremendous potential, both with respect to the elucidation of protein function in animals and as a therapeutic platform in humans. In vitro, short interfering RNA (siRNA) has been shown to completely silence gene expression in mammalian cells at low picomolar concentrations. 2. Although many good publications have shown specific silencing to occur in vivo, there are few that have transferred the combination of maximal efficacy and high potency to this setting. The present review considers the biological barriers that limit the movement of siRNA from vascular lumen to target cell cytoplasm and the strategies that have been used to overcome them. 3. Intravenous administration of siRNA results in rapid, extensive removal of siRNA from the blood via renal excretion, tissue distribution and nuclease degradation. Movement across vascular capillaries appears to be a limiting factor in some cases; few examples of silencing have been reported in organs with a conventional capillary endothelium. 4. Cellular uptake and endosomal trapping are significant barriers, but can be overcome using strategies such as antibody mediated cellular uptake or polyethyleneimine-mediated endosomal escape.
A New Species of Microascus with a Scopulariopsis Stage (1936)

SUMMARYThe writer has studied in culture an ascomycete having a Scopularopsis conidial stage and an ascocarp stage very similar to the one described by Emmons and Dodge which corresponds to Microascus except that it has lunate-shaped ascospores whereas Microascus trigonosporus has triangular ascospores and Microascus sordidus has kidney-shaped ascospores. The new species is described as Microascus lunasporus. The ascocarp arises from two cells which shows great affinity for Haidenhain's haematoxylin stain, the ascogenous hyphae coming from one cell and the antheridium from the other. The antheridium is septate and fertilizes the ascogenous hyphae in the two-cell stage. After pairing, the nuclei undergo rapid division as the ascogenous hyphae becomes enveloped in a hypha weft of several layers of cells. Later this envelope becomes differentiated into an outer wall of dark-colored carbonized cells and an inner portion consisting of thin-walled colorless cells. These sterile cells are gradually absorbed and their place in the cavity is taken by ascospores set free as the asci deliquesce. The ascospores are discharged in long cirrhi containing a cementing substance which hardens on drying and which then is dissolved in water only very slowly.
Adenosine A <sub>2A</sub> Receptor as a Drug Discovery Target (2013)

The adenosine A2A receptor is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that has been extensively studied during the past few decades because it offers numerous possibilities for therapeutic applications. Herein we describe adenosine A2A receptor distribution, signaling pathways, pharmacology, and molecular structure, followed by a summary and SAR discussion of the most relevant series of adenosine A2A agonists and antagonists. This review also provides an update of the A2A ligands that are undergoing or have undergone clinical studies, including the two currently marketed agonists adenosine and regadenoson.
Screening Cellular Feature Measurements for Image-Based Assay Development (2010)

The typical "design" approach to image-based assay development involves choosing measurements that are likely to correlate with the phenotype of interest, based on the researcher's intuition and knowledge of image analysis. An alternate "screening" approach is to measure a large number of cellular features and systematically test each feature to identify those that are best able to distinguish positive and negative controls while taking precautions to avoid overfitting the available data. The cell measurement software the authors previously developed, CellProfiler, makes both approaches straightforward, easing the process of assay development. Here, they demonstrate the use of the screening approach to image assay development to select the best measures for scoring publicly available image sets of 2 cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation assays and 2 Transfluor assays. The authors present the resulting assay quality measures as a baseline for future algorithm comparisons, and all software, methods, and images they present are freely available.
Leukotriene B <sub>4</sub> Markedly Elevated in the Epithelial Lining Fluid of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (1993)

Persistent neutrophil infiltration into the airways of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) results in lung destruction. Eicosanoid lipid mediators, particularly leukotriene B4 (LTB4), may play a role in neutrophil influx and activation. We compared the eicosanoid content of epithelial lining fluid (ELF) obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 17 patients with CF and 10 healthy subjects. LTB4 was the predominant eicosanoid in the CF airway (16.7 +/- 9.1 ng/ml ELF in CF versus 0.5 +/- 0.1 ng/ml ELF in healthy subjects). Prostaglandins (PG) and thromboxane (TX) were also elevated in CF (PGE2, 8.5 +/- 2.2; PGF2 alpha, 6.0 +/- 2.0; and TXB2, 14.0 +/- 3.0 ng/ml ELF) compared with healthy subjects (PGE2, 0.4 +/- 0.2; PGF2 alpha, 0.5 +/- 0.2; and TXB2, 1.2 +/- 0.4 ng/ml ELF). We also developed a protocol for the storage and subsequent analysis of BAL fluid that assures accurate and reproducible measurements of these eicosanoids. BAL samples stored for up to 8 months retain greater than 80% of their original eicosanoid content if the BAL fluid is immediately treated with methanol, concentrated, and stored at -70 degrees C without further purification. These data suggest that CF airways contain sufficient amounts of LTB4 both to recruit additional neutrophils into the airways and to stimulate neutrophils to release their injurious products. Therapies aimed at interfering with the production or action of LTB4 may be beneficial in CF and other lung diseases with a significant neutrophil response.
Hypoxia regulates ABCG<sub>2</sub>activity through the activivation of ERK1/2/HIF-1α and contributes to chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells (2016)

Pancreatic cancer is a drug resistant hypovascular tumor. Although there are many studies on the mechanism of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancers, studies on the relationship between ABCG2 and chemoresistance during hypoxia of pancreatic cancer are rare. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1α) is a master regulator of the transcriptional response to oxygen deprivation in cancer cells. The aim of this study was to examine the role of ABCG2 and HIF-1α in mediating chemoresistance during hypoxia in pancreatic cancer. In this study, we detected the expression levels of ABCG2, ERK/phosphorylated-ERK (p-ERK) and HIF-1α by immunohistochemistry in fresh pancreatic cancer and paracarcinoma tissues obtained from 25 patients. The mechanism by which p-ERK1/2 and HIF-1α affect ABCG2s expression was analyzed in the hypoxic cultured human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-2. ABCG2-mediatedregulation of gemcitabine response under hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer cells was observed. It was found that ABCG2, ERK/p-ERK and HIF-1α were overexpressed in cancer tissues. ABCG2, HIF-1α and p-ERK levels were demonstrated to be high during hypoxic conditions in pancreatic cancer cells. Hypoxia induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to activate HIF-1α and contribute the ABCG2 expression and mediated gemcitabine chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer cells. Hypoxic conditions induced HIF-1α binding to target gene sequences in the ABCG2 promoter, resulting in increased transcription in pancreatic cancer cells. We demonstrated that hypoxia-induced chemoresistance is due to the regulation of ABCG2 through the activation of ERK1/2/HIF-1α. ABCG2 could serve as a predictor of gemcitabine response and, potentially, as a chemotherapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Inhibition of ERK1/2 and HIF-1αcould result in increased gemcitabine sensitization in pancreatic cancer with highly expressed ABCG2 cell member protein.
<i>h/e</i> Magnetic Flux Modulation of the Energy Gap in Nanotube Quantum Dots (2004)

We report experiments on quantum dot single-electron-tunneling (SET) transistors made from short multiwall nanotubes and threaded by magnetic flux. Such systems allow us to probe the electronic energy spectrum of the nanotube and its dependence on the magnetic field. Evidence is provided for the interconversion between gapped (semiconducting) and ungapped (metallic) states. Our tubes exhibit h/e-period magnetic flux dependence, in agreement with simple tight-binding calculations.
Correlative coding: A bandwidth-efficient signaling scheme (1977)

In most transmission channels, bandwidth is at a premium and an important attribute of any good digital signaling scheme is its ability to make efficient use of the bandwidth. Conventional Nyquist-type pulse amplitude modulation signaling schemes, which are designed to eliminate intersymbol interference, achieve high data rates only at the expense of a large number of signal levels. In many applications, correlative coding or partial response signaling, which introduces intersymbol interference in a controlled way, is able to achieve high data rates with fewer levels and hence with better error rate performance. In addition to higher data rates, correlative schemes achieve convenient spectral shapes and have error-detecting capabilities without introducing redundancy into the data stream. This paper explains how correlative schemes work and why they are advantageous.
Effect of Dimethyl Fumarate on the Radiation Sensitivity of Mammalian Cells in Vitro (1988)

Dimethylfumarate (DMF) depletes intracellular glutathione (GSH) by covalent bond formation in a reaction which may be mediated by GSH-S-transferase. In Chinese hamster ovary cells this depletion is rapid; e.g., 0.5 mM DMF depletes GSH to less than 10% of control in 5 min at room temperature. DMF is a very effective hypoxic cell radiosensitizer, with an enhancement ratio (ER) of about 3 obtained by a 5-min exposure of cells at room temperature to 5 mM DMF, without significant toxicity. At this same concentration of drug, there is a small enhancement of aerobic cells (ER = 1.3), but the 5 mM DMF in hypoxia results in nearly a complete collapse of the hypoxic dose-response curve to the same level as seen in air with DMF. It has been suggested previously that DMF sensitizes cells via electron affinic mechanisms. However, this appears not to be the case in this study, as shown by the fact that cells pretreated with DMF and then washed free of the drug remained equally radiosensitive as cells irradiated in the presence of the drug. This large enhancement of radiation sensitivity appears to be related to the drug's ability to deplete thiols; i.e., thiols appear to be a major factor responsible for radioresistance of hypoxic cells.
Autofeedback suppression of growth hormone (GH) secretion in transgenic mice expressing a human GH reporter targeted by tyrosine hydroxylase 5'- flanking sequences to the hypothalamus (1995)

Transgenic mice expressing a tyrosine hydroxylase-human (h) GH fusion gene in the hypothalamus exhibit a dwarf phenotype. The GH feedback mechanism(s) underlying the growth retardation in these animals was investigated by assessing peptide and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of the hormones of the hypothalamic-GH-IGF-I axis. Pituitary GH content, hypothalamic GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) and somatostatin (SRIH) content, and serum IGF-I levels were measured by RIA. mRNA levels of hypothalamic GHRH and SRIH and of pituitary GH and the GHRH receptor were measured by Northern blot hybridization. Transgenic mice of both sexes and their wild-type littermates were studied at 2-4 months of age. The pituitary GH content was markedly reduced by 85% in male and by 87% in female transgenic mice compared to that in wild-type controls (P < 0.01 for both). The pituitary GH mRNA content was also decreased by 73% (P = 0.002) in transgenic male mice. Circulating IGF-I levels were significantly reduced by 66% and 68% in male and female transgenic mice, respectively (P = 0.001). The hypothalamic GHRH content was significantly reduced by 19% and 33% (P < 0.05) in male and female transgenic mice, respectively. No significant difference was detected, however, in the hypothalamic SRIH content between wild-type and transgenic mice. Hypothalamic GHRH mRNA levels were significantly decreased by 35% (P = 0.002) in transgenic male mice compared to those in wild-type littermates. In contrast, SRIH mRNA was not significantly changed. An even greater reduction (61%; P = 0.003) was observed in pituitary GHRH receptor mRNA in transgenic mice. These data indicate that the GH deficiency and dwarf phenotype of the tyrosine hydroxylase-hGH transgenic mouse can be attributed primarily to impaired hypothalamic GHRH production. The mechanism of GH feedback inhibition appears to involve direct suppression of GHRH gene expression by locally produced hGH in the hypothalamus.
Study of proteinase activity of Lactobacillus plantarum NCIM 2083 (2009)

Lactobacilli are important organisms used in several lactic acid fermentations. Lactobacilli cultured in milk perform activities like breaking down of lactose to simple sugars, proteolysis, lipolysis and lactic acid production. Lactobacillus depends on proteolytic system for degradation of protein ‐ casein in milk from which they get their complex nutrient requirements for growth. This complex proteolytic system consists of proteinases, peptidases and amino and peptide carriers. Yogurt fermented milk having increased nutritive value, is more palatable, easily digestible and assimilable than milk. It has been observed that many people are sensitive to milk and cannot digest it easily. In developing nations this is an important cause for concern as such sensitive people suffers from protein-energy deficiency, more so if they are from the economically weaker section of the society. In this study an attempt has been made to understand the proteinase system from Lactobacillus plantarum NCIM 2083. The enzyme was found to be cell wall bound. It was active optimally at 30°C at pH 7.0. The peptides obtained after proteolysis were studied using SDS- PAGE, HPLC techniques and Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LCMS).
A Real-Time QKD System Based on FPGA (2012)

A real-time quantum key distribution (QKD) system is developed in this paper. In the system, based on the feature of a field-programmable gate array, secure key extraction control and algorithm have been optimally designed to perform sifting, error correction, and privacy amplification altogether in real time. In the QKD experiment, information synchronization mechanism and high-speed classic data channel are designed to ensure the steady operation of the system. Decoy state and synchronous laser light source are used in the system, while the length of optical fiber between Alice and Bob is 20 km. With photons repetition frequency of 20 MHz, the final key rate could reach 17 kb/s. Smooth and robust operation is verified with 6 h continuous test and associated with encrypted voice communication test.
Epidemiological trends of spine and spinal cord injuries in the largest Canadian adult trauma center from 1986 to 2006 (2010)

Data in this analysis will provide useful information to guide future studies on changing SI patterns, possible etiologies, and efficient resource allocation for the management of these diseases.
Structure And Properties Of Novel Benzo[a]phenoxazinium Photochemotherapeutic Agents (1988)

The approach used for the development of some novel benzophenoxazinium photosensitizers is presented. Considerations that have influenced the design of these dyes include structure/function relationships pertaining to such properties as selective tumor staining, fluorescent quantum yields and photosensitized singlet oxygen formation (1O2). General trends in the relative photodynamic behavior exhibited by these new dyes in cell culture are discussed. The results indicate that several of the dyes have significant photosensitizing efficacy.
The master control gene for morphogenesis and evolution of the eye (1996)

The human Aniridia, the murine Small eye, and the eyeless mutations of Drosophila affect homologous (Pax-6) genes that contain both a paired- and a homeobox. By ectopic expression of these genes, functional eyes can be induced on the legs, wings, and antennae of the fly, indicating that eyeless (Pax-6) is the master control gene for eye morphogenesis. The finding of Pax-6 from flatworms to humans suggests that eyeless is a universal master control gene and that the various types of eyes in the various animal phyla may have evolved from a single prototype.
The Preparation and Polymerization of Some Substituted Styrenes<sup>1,2</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation and Polymerization of Some Substituted Styrenes1,2C. S. Marvel, C. G. Overberger, R. E. Allen, and J. H. SaundersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 5, 736–738Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01209a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01209a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A review on Ficus palmata (Wild Himalayan Fig) (2014)

Traditionally, various plants are used for treatment of many diseases. Ficus palmata is a herbaceous perennial plant belonging to the family Moraceae. It contains a very juicy fruit and is used for making various products such as squash, jam and jelly from this fruit. The fruits contain chiefly sugars and mucilage and are principally used as an item of diet in several cases of constipation and in the diseases of the lungs and the bladder. The ficus palmata plant is used in various diseases, e.g. gastrointestinal disorders, hypoglycemia, tumour, ulcer, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and fungal infections. Traditionally, stem latex is applied to extract spines deeply lodged in the flesh. The phytochemical screening of the Ficus palmata plant extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides and aerial parts of Ficus palmata utilizing liquid–liquid fractionation and different chromatographic techniques resulted in the isolation of a new isomer of psoralenoside namely, transpsoralenoside in addition to, one triterpene: germanicol acetate, two furanocoumarins: psoralene, bergapten, one aromatic acid vanillic acid and the flavone glycoside rutin. The ficus palmata fruit shows antioxidant activity using free radical scavenging and ferric reducing activities. The plant also shows in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities of petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanolic, ethanolic and water extracts. Fruit extract were analyzed against cervical cancer cell lines for antiproliferative activity while aqueous extract of Ficus palmata leaves showed dose dependant anticalcinogenic action. Ficus palmata total plant extract was found to show hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer and anticoagulant activity.