gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Threonine Deaminase from Bacillus subtilis (1970)

Abstract Threonine deaminase (l-threonine hydro-lyase (deaminating), EC 4.2.1.16) from Bacillus subtilis catalyzes the deamination of threonine at a constant rate upon addition of substrate. In the presence of isoleucine, the reaction begins slowly and increases to a steady state, inhibited rate. Essentially the same steady state rate is observed when the same amount of isoleucine is added to enzyme already catalyzing the reaction but the inhibited rate is achieved slowly. In the absence of inhibitor, the substrate saturation curve is described by a hyperbola. In the presence of isoleucine, the curves are sigmoid and can be fitted by the method of Cleland to an equation containing S2 terms. Isoleucine was shown to be a competitive-type inhibitor. The steady state kinetic data can also be fitted to kinetic versions of equations which describe the allosteric model of Monod, Wyman, and Changeux for regulatory proteins. Valine antagonized the inhibition by isoleucine in a competitive fashion. It did not activate the enzyme in the absence of isoleucine, rather, it exerted a weak (15%) inhibition which was noncompetitive.
A 90 dB SNR, 2.5 MHz output rate ADC using cascaded multibit ΔΣ modulation at 8x oversampling ratio (2002)

This 16b, 2.5 MHz output rate ADC is intended for xDSL and high-speed instrumentation applications. A fourth-order cascaded /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator (/spl Delta//spl Sigma/M) operating at 20 MHz employs multibit quantization and dynamic element matching (DEM) to make all quantization noise contributions negligible at an oversampling ratio (OSR) of eight. The ADC achieves 90 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in a 1.25 MHz bandwidth, and 102 dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR) with 270 mW dissipation.
Isolation of the mouse <i>Hox-2</i>.<i>9</i> gene; analysis of embryonic expression suggests that positional information along the anterior-posterior axis is specified by mesoderm (1990)

It is rapidly becoming accepted that the vertebrate neural tube, in particular the hindbrain, develops into a segmented structure. After segment formation, cells in the neural tube do not cross segmental boundaries, and segment-specific gene expression is observed. However, it is not known what positional cues instruct the neural tube to express genes in this restricted manner. We have cloned a murine homeobox-containing gene, Hox-2.9, whose expression in the neural tube at E9.5 is restricted to a segment of the hindbrain known as rhombomere 4. A study of its expression pattern earlier in development revealed that prior to the start of neurulation (E7.5) Hox-2.9 is expressed within a posterior to the embryonic mesoderm that will participate in hindbrain formation. With the onset of neurulation, expression then becomes detectable in the neural plate as well, but only in the part that overlies the Hox-2.9-expressing mesoderm; it is not detected in the more anterior neuroectoderm that will form the future midbrain and forebrain. On the basis of these findings, we propose that the mesoderm is providing cues that serve to instruct the overlying neuroectoderm with respect to its position along the anteroposterior axis and that Hox-2.9 participates in or reflects this process. As neurulation continues and individual segments form, a second phase of expression is detected in the neural tube in which high levels of Hox-2.9 transcripts become restricted to rhombomere 4. Hox-2.9 expression is also detected in the developing branchial arch units of the hindbrain region, in a pattern that suggests to us that here, too, mesoderm is providing a localized signal that induces Hox-2.9 expression, in this case in endoderm of the pharynx and in superficial ectoderm. In general, we interpret the expression patterns of Hox-2.9 in the hindbrain region as suggesting that the specific mechanisms of pattern formation in mammals are fundamentally similar to those of amphibians and avians - i.e. anteroposterior positional information is acquired by mesoderm, mesoderm induces positional values within (neuro-) ectoderm and endoderm, and both events occur within a restricted window of time.
A novel method for measuring the uniaxial mechanical properties of an epoxy resin during polymerization (1987)

A new sample configuration for measuring tensile mechanical properties during cure is described. The method utilizes a soft rubber membrane to physically constrain a sample in a uniaxial geometry. Using this method in combination with a Dynastat mechanical spectrometer, it was possible to follow the polymerization of an epoxy resin from the liquid to the glassy state in a single experiment. The results of a uniaxial dynamic mechanical characterization of a curing epoxy resin are presented.
Magnetic field induced inhibition of human osteosarcoma cells treated with adriamycin. (1999)

Morbidity resulting from the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs suggests that novel approaches are worthy of investigation. Development of the use of low intensity magnetic fields as an adjuvant to current treatment regimens to prevent metastatic disease may prove to be efficacious. Using a cell culture model, we have developed a magnetic field (MF) treatment that offers the possibility of lowering the therapeutic dose of these drugs and thereby reducing morbidity. Our studies have found that a low intensity (approximately 2 gauss) MF signal and a relatively low dose (0.1 microg/ml) of Adriamycin (ADR) inhibited proliferation of human osteosarcoma cells by 82%, whereas the MF and ADR acting individually caused only 19% and 44% inhibition, respectively.
Piecewise affine modeling of NOx emission produced by a diesel engine (2013)

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission control is a critical task of engine control as far as raw emissions and after treatment is concerned. Hardware NOx sensors are now available, but they still have several limitations, starting from their costs. Against this background, a lot of work inside both companies and in the academy has been done to develop virtual sensors for these emissions. In this paper, we propose a minimum-complexity model in the form of a piecewise affine model, and show that its performance is comparable to more complex models and better than conventional sensors if dynamic response is concerned.
Acute and Chronic Wounds: Nursing Management (1992)

Anatomy and Physiology of Skin and Soft Tissue * Wound Repair Physiology * Nutritional Assessment and Support * Wound Assessment Evaluation of Healing * Principles of Wound Management * Skin Pathology and Types of Skin Damage * NEW Wound Debridement * NEW Infection Control * Acute Wounds: Surgical and Traumatic * NEW Massive Tissue Loss: Burns and Necrotizing Skin Diseases * Mechanical Forces: Pressure, Shear and Friction * Vascular Wounds: Arterial Insufficiency and Venous Hypertension * Vascular/Mechanical Wounds: Neuropathic Wounds * Management of Drain Sites and Fistulas * Management of Percutaneous Tubes * NEW Oncology Related Skin Damage * NEW Pain Management * Surgical Approach to Wound Closure * NEW Molecular Regulation of Wound Healing * Adjuvant Wound Treatment * NEW Wound Care as a Specialty Practice
Gaze point detection system allowing head motion (1992)

Abstract Since human eye movement easily follows one's intention, it is possible to use this to instruct a computer through a display screen, e.g., selection of a menu and control of a cursor. This paper proposes a method to detect a gaze point on a display screen independently of the movement of an operator's head. The method uses an eye tracker based on the limbus boundary method and a three‐dimensional (3‐D) magnetic sensor which determines the position of an operator's head in a fixed coordinate. Experiments show that position‐detection errors are about 1°, and this is enough for this application. To overcome an effect caused by a small involuntary movement of eyes around a target, a mouse is used at the same time. Experimental comparison between the proposed method (with a mouse) and a conventional operation (a mouse alone) shows that the former is faster when a target is relatively separated from the center, i.e., the method is effective.
Wheat Germ Cell-Free System-Based Production of Malaria Proteins for Discovery of Novel Vaccine Candidates (2008)

One of the major bottlenecks in malaria research has been the difficulty in recombinant protein expression. Here, we report the application of the wheat germ cell-free system for the successful production of malaria proteins. For proof of principle, the Pfs25, PfCSP, and PfAMA1 proteins were chosen. These genes contain very high A/T sequences and are also difficult to express as recombinant proteins. In our wheat germ cell-free system, native and codon-optimized versions of the Pfs25 genes produced equal amounts of proteins. PfCSP and PfAMA1 genes without any codon optimization were also expressed. The products were soluble, with yields between 50 and 200 mug/ml of the translation mixture, indicating that the cell-free system can be used to produce malaria proteins without any prior optimization of their biased codon usage. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses of antibodies raised in mice against each protein revealed that every antibody retained its high specificity to the parasite protein in question. The development of parasites in mosquitoes fed patient blood carrying Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes and supplemented with our mouse anti-Pfs25 sera was strongly inhibited, indicating that both Pfs25-3D7/WG and Pfs25-TBV/WG retained their immunogenicity. Lastly, we carried out a parallel expression assay of proteins of blood-stage P. falciparum. The PCR products of 124 P. falciparum genes chosen from the available database were used directly in a small-scale format of transcription and translation reactions. Autoradiogram testing revealed the production of 93 proteins. The application of this new cell-free system-based protocol for the discovery of malaria vaccine candidates will be discussed.
Identification of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K1 genes contributing to human brain microvascular endothelial cell invasion by differential fluorescence induction (2000)

Most cases of Escherichia coli K1 meningitis arise as a result of haematogenous spread, however there is a limited understanding of the mechanisms by which circulating E. coli K1 cross the blood-brain barrier. We have previously shown that environmental growth conditions both positively and negatively influence the capabilities of E. coli K1 to invade brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC), for example growth in media supplemented with 50% newborn bovine serum (NBS) increased BMEC invasion, whereas growth in media supplemented with 0.2 M NaCl repressed invasion in vitro and in vivo. In this study, differential fluorescence induction (DFI) was used to identify E. coli K1 genes involved in this differentially expressed invasion phenotype. E. coli K1 promoter libraries were constructed and screened for gfp expression in a manner analogous to the above growth conditions. Twenty-four clones were isolated that showed fluorescence induction when grown under the invasion-enhancing condition (i.e. NBS). Four of these clones also demonstrated repression or no induction of fluorescence when grown under the invasion-repressing condition (i.e. 0.2 M NaCl). One such clone, containing a ygdP promoter and an open reading frame (ORF), showed significant homology to Bartonella bacilliformis IalA (invasion associated locus). Among the other NBS-inducing loci, finPtraJ was identified as well as several clones with no homology to other known genes. When ygdP, finPtraJ and several of the unique loci were disrupted in E. coli K1, there was a significant decrease in human BMEC (HBMEC) invasion. RNA transcript analysis determined that these newly identified invasion loci were differentially regulated at the transcriptional level. This is the first demonstration of using DFI to identify E. coli K1 genes contributing to HBMEC invasion.
A New and Rapid Method for the Determination of Glucose by Measurement of Rate of Oxygen Consumption (1968)

Abstract Glucose levels in serum, plasma, and urine are determined rapidly and conveniently by a new glucose oxidase method employing a polarographic oxygen sensor with a circuit modified to record the rate of oxygen consumption. The maximum apparent rate of oxygen consumption relative to the rate obtained with a glucose standard provides a direct measure of the glucose level in the sample; results are obtainable within 20 sec. after sample (100 µl.) addition and within 3 min. after a blood sample is withdrawn from a patient. Interferences associated with prior colorimetric glucose oxidase methods are avoided by measuring oxygen consumption instead of hydrogen peroxide formation. The method is described and results are presented showing a standard deviation of less than 1.5% on replicate determinations and a bias of 1% with respect to data obtained on the same samples by the automated ferricyanide method.
Diet and sudden cardiac death. (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to review the evidence that dietary factors, namely the ingestion of the n-3 (or w-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids of fish oils can prevent fatal cardiac arrhythmias (so-called sudden cardiac death) in experimental animals, and probably in humans as well. The mechanism for this striking effect results from the ability of these fatty acids to directly stabilize electrically every contractile myocyte in the heart. This is accomplished by modulation by the free n-3 fatty acids of the ionic currents in heart cells; particularly the voltage-dependent sodium currents which initiate action potentials and the L-type calcium currents, which initiate release of sarcoplasmic reticulum stores of calcium into the cytosol of heart cells. The resultant rise in cytosolic calcium concentration initiates contraction of the heart cells and the beating rate of the heart. The gradually accumulating clinical evidence that these fish oil fatty acids are potent preventors of cardiac sudden death in humans will be reviewed. With some 250,000 deaths occurring within one hour of the onset of acute myocardial infarctions annually in the USA alone and millions more in the whole world, the potential large public health benefit from this understanding is evident.
Interferon-Inducible Ubiquitin E2, Ubc8, Is a Conjugating Enzyme for Protein ISGylation (2004)

Protein ISGylation is unique among ubiquitin-like conjugation systems in that the expression and conjugation processes are induced by specific stimuli, mainly via the alpha/beta interferon signaling pathway. It has been suggested that protein ISGylation plays a special role in the immune response, because of its interferon-signal dependency and its appearance only in higher eukaryotic organisms. Here, we report the identification of an ISG15-conjugating enzyme, Ubc8. Like other components of the protein ISGylation system (ISG15, UBE1L, and UBP43), Ubc8 is an interferon-inducible protein. Ubc8 clearly mediates protein ISGylation in transfection assays. The reduction of Ubc8 expression by small interfering RNA causes a decrease in protein ISGylation in HeLa cells upon interferon treatment. Neither UbcH7/UbcM4, the closest homologue of Ubc8 among known ubiquitin E2s, nor the small ubiquitin-like modifier E2 Ubc9 supports protein ISGylation. These findings strongly suggest that Ubc8 is a major ISG15-conjugating enzyme responsible for protein ISGylation upon interferon stimulation. Furthermore, we established an assay system to detect ISGylated target proteins by cotransfection of ISG15, UBE1L, and Ubc8 together with a target protein to be analyzed. This method provides an easy and effective way to identify new targets for the ISGylation system and will facilitate related studies.
Strain selection for improvement of<i>Bradyrhizobium japonicum</i>competitiveness for nodulation of soybean (2008)

A Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 110-derived strain able to produce wider halos in soft-agar medium than its parental strain was obtained by recurrent selection. It was more chemotactic than the wild type towards mannitol and three amino acids. When cultured in minimal medium with mannitol as a single carbon-source, it had one thick subpolar flagellum as the wild type, plus several other flagella that were thinner and sinusoidal. Root adsorption and infectivity in liquid media were 50-100% higher for the selected strain, but root colonization in water-unsaturated vermiculite was similar to the wild type. A field experiment was then carried out in a soil with a naturalized population of 1.8 x 10(5) soybean-nodulating rhizobia g of soil(-1). Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains were inoculated either on the soybean seeds or in the sowing furrows. Nodule occupation was doubled when the strains were inoculated in the sowing furrows with respect to seed inoculation (significant with P<0.05). On comparing strains, nodule occupation with seed inoculation was 6% or 10% for the wild type or selected strains, respectively, without a statistically significant difference, while when inoculated in the sowing furrows, nodule occupation increased to 12% and 22%, respectively (differences significant with P<0.05).
Well Test Analysis of Data Dominated by Storage and Skin: Non-Newtonian Power-Law Fluids (1987)

Summary We examine pressure falloff behavior dominated by storage and skin subsequent to the injection of a non-Newtonian power-law fluid. New solutions to analyze falloff tests are presented in a form suitable for analyzing field data. The effective wellbore concept is used to combine the wellbore storage constant and skin factor. This phase of our work required extensions to the effective wellbore radius concept (for power-law fluids) given in the literature. To improve analysis procedures, we examine the use of the pressure-derivative technique. We discuss the advantages of this method for the problem under consideration.
An Approach to Designing Software Safety Systems for Rehabilitation Robots (2005)

This paper presents a system-level approach to the design of a safety-critical robotic system that is sufficiently safe to satisfy human-subject safety criteria. This system design approach utilizes preliminary hazard analysis, and fault tree analysis, and was successfully applied to a dexterous space robot designed to fly on NASA's space shuttle. An application of this approach to a shoulder rehabilitation exoskeleton would be presented and shown to improve the safety of the overall system.
Identification and characterization of Smyd2: a split SET/MYND domain-containing histone H3 lysine 36-specific methyltransferase that interacts with the Sin3 histone deacetylase complex (2006)

We propose that Sin3A-mediated deacetylation within the coding regions of active genes is directly linked to the histone methyltransferase activity of Smyd2. Moreover, Smyd2 appears to restrain cell proliferation, likely through direct modulation of chromatin structure.
Optical Rotation of Peptides. II. Glycine and Alanine Tripeptides<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical Rotation of Peptides. II. Glycine and Alanine Tripeptides1Erwin Brand, Bernard F. Erlanger, Howard Sachs, and Jerome PolatnickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 7, 3510–3512Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01151a513https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01151a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A role for phosphoinositide 3-kinase in the completion of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis by macrophages. (1996)

Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been implicated in growth factor signal transduction and vesicular membrane traffic. It is thought to mediate the earliest steps leading from ligation of cell surface receptors to increased cell surface ruffling. We show here that inhibitors of PI 3-kinase inhibit endocytosis in macrophages, not by interfering with the initiation of the process but rather by preventing its completion. Consistent with earlier studies, the inhibitors wortmannin and LY294002 inhibited fluid-phase pinocytosis and Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, but they had little effect on the receptor-mediated endocytosis of diI-labeled, acetylated, low density lipoprotein. Large solute probes of endocytosis reported greater inhibition by wortmannin than smaller probes did, indicating that macropinocytosis was affected more than micropinocytosis. Since macropinocytosis and phagocytosis are actin-mediated processes, we expected that their inhibition by wortmannin resulted from deficient signaling from macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) receptors or Fc receptors to the actin cytoskeleton. However, video microscopy showed cell surface ruffling in wortmannin-treated cells, and increased ruffling after addition of M-CSF or phorbol myristate acetate. Quantitative measurements of video data reported slightly diminished ruffling in wortmannin-treated cells. Remarkably, the ruffles that formed in wortmannin-treated macrophages all receded into the cytoplasm without closing into macropinosomes. Similarly, wortmannin and LY294002 did not inhibit the extension of actin-rich pseudopodia along IgG-opsonized sheep erythrocytes, but instead prevented them from closing into phagosomes. These findings indicate that PI 3-kinase is not necessary for receptor-mediated stimulation of pseudopod extension, but rather functions in the closure of macropinosomes and phagosomes into intracellular organelles.