gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extramucosal spread and development of hepatitis in immunodeficient and normal mice infected with rhesus rotavirus (1990)

The pathogenic profiles of two heterologous animal rotaviruses, rhesus rotavirus strain MMU 18006 and bovine rotavirus strain WC3, were evaluated in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID mice) and normal BALB/c mice. Control animals were inoculated with homologous murine strain EDIM 5099 or a tissue culture-adapted murine rotavirus. Heterologous infection with rhesus rotavirus resulted in hepatitis in 84% of SCID and 21% of BALB/c mice, with mortality rates of 27 and 0%, respectively. Surviving SCID animals developed chronic liver disease, while symptoms in BALB/c mice resolved in 2 to 4 weeks after onset. Histopathologic examination revealed a diffuse hepatitis with focal areas of parenchymal necrosis. Rotavirus was detected in liver tissue from 100% of 29 SCID and 85% (11 of 13) BALB/c animals tested by cell culture infectivity, immunofluorescence, or electron microscopy. No extramucosal spread of virus or hepatitis was observed after infection with heterologous bovine strain WC3 or homologous murine rotaviruses. This finding of a novel rotavirus-induced disease manifestation suggests altered tissue tropism in a heterologous host for a group of viruses previously shown to replicate exclusively in the gut mucosa. The implications of our observations suggest that in human vaccine trials utilizing heterologous rotavirus strains, special attention should be paid to children with immunodeficiency disorders, and screening for hepatic function should be included in vaccine protocols.
Sequencing of<i>porA</i>from clinical isolates of<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>defines a subtyping scheme and its genetic regulation (1998)

Subtyping Neisseria meningitidis by methods that rely on monoclonal antibody (mAb) reactivity results in an unusually high number of strains that are not subtypeable. To subtype 48 strains isolated (1993-1994) in the province of Quebec that were not subtypeable by mAb-based techniques, we used DNA sequencing of the variable regions of porA, a gene that encodes the class 1 outer membrane protein. We assigned subtypes to all the previously nonserosubtypeable isolates and identified some novel subtypes. Because our sequencing strategy included the promoter region of porA, different isolates were compared in their sequences of the porA promoter region. A poly(G) stretch lies between the -10 and -35 regions of the promoter; replacement of a G residue by an A residue in this region resulted in loss of expression of porA. No correlation was found between the number of G residues in the poly(G) stretch and the level of expression; a minimum of 10 G residues is required in this stretch for expression of porA. One isolate expressed no class 1 outer membrane protein because of the insertion sequence IS1301 in the coding region of porA. Another isolate did not express the protein owing to a frame-shift mutation within the coding region of porA. Sequencing of porA allowed assignments of subtypes to previously uncharacterized isolates and provided insights about the regulation of expression of this gene in N. meningitidis.Key words: Neisseria meningitidis, outer membrane proteins, subtyping, PorA, DNA sequencing.
GangSim: a simulator for grid scheduling studies (2005)

Large distributed grid systems pose new challenges in job scheduling due to complex workload characteristics and system characteristics. Due to the numerous parameters that must be considered and the complex interactions that can occur between different resource allocation policies, analytical modeling of system behavior appears impractical. Thus, we have developed the GangSim simulator to support studies of scheduling strategies in grid environments, with a particular focus on investigations of the interactions between local and community resource allocation policies. The GangSim implementation is derived in part from the Ganglia distributed monitoring framework, an implementation approach that permits mixing of simulated and real grid components. We present examples of the studies that GangSim permits, showing in particular how we can use GangSim to study the behavior of VO schedulers as a function of scheduling policy, resource usage policies, and workloads. We also present the results of experiments conducted on an operational Grid, Grid3, to evaluate GangSim's accuracy. These latter studies point to the need for more accurate modeling of various aspects of local site behavior.
ChemInform Abstract: ENAMINE CHEMISTRY. XX. SYNTHESIS OF FURAN DERIVATIVES BY REDUCTIVE CYCLIZATION OF ENAMINES (1981)

Abstract Die aus den entsprechenden Cyclanonen und Pyrrolidin zugänglichen Enamine (I) werden mit den α‐Bromestern (II) zu den Derivaten (III) alkyliert, die z.T. als Doppelbindung‐Isomere vorliegen.
Living Anionic Polymerization of Styrene Derivatives <i>para</i>-Substituted with π-Conjugated Oligo(fluorene) Moieties (2009)

The anionic polymerization of styrene monomers para-substituted with π-conjugated mono-, di-, and tri(9,9-dihexylfluorene) moieties, St-Fl, St-Fl2, and St-Fl3, was examined under the conditions either in THF at −78 °C or in tert-butylbenzene at 20 °C with sec-BuLi as an initiator. The polymerization of both St-Fl and St-Fl2 was found to proceed in a living manner to quantitatively afford the corresponding polymers with predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions (Mw/Mn < 1.08). The anionic polymerization of St-Fl3 was also indicative to proceed in a living manner but with an unpredictable molecular weight. Both AB and BA diblock copolymers with the well-defined and expected structures could be successfully prepared by the sequential addition of St-Fl or St-Fl2 followed by styrene and vice versa. The block copolymerization results clearly indicate the living nature of the anionic polymerization of St-Fl and St-Fl2 and the almost same anionic polymerization behaviors of both monomers as styrene in reactivities of monomer(s) and propagating chain-end anion(s). Solubilities, intrinsic viscosities, and glass transition temperatures of the poly(St-Fl) and poly(St-Fl2) herein prepared were measured. The optical absorption and luminescence spectra of the studied polymer films showed well-resolved vibronic structures and the peak maxima was progressively increased as the fluorene chain length increased. The luminescence spectra also showed reduced aggregation/excimer emission in comparison with that of parent polyfluorene. The present study suggests that living anionic polymerization could be employed to polymerize other styrene derivatives with π-conjugated moieties in a controlled manner and such polymers may exhibit precisely defined physical properties.
Effects of Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid, Phloretin, and Phloridzin on the Activity of Adenylate Cyclase, Lipoxygenase and Hexose Transport, and Growth of Cultured Keratinocytes (1987)

Compounds related to the flavonoid group of natural products may have potential as antipsoriatic drugs. The dihydrochalcone phloretin, its glycoside derivative phloridzin, and the structurally related compound nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) were selected for study. Phloretin and NDGA strongly inhibited keratinocyte growth but had no effect on isoproterenol-stimulated adenylate cyclase; phloridzin had no effect on growth but potentiated the response of the enzyme. None had any effect on phosphodiesterase. Neither phloretin or phoridzin inhibited lipoxygenase or, surprisingly, decreased deoxyglucose transport. Phloretin and NDGA should be considered antipsoriatic agents.
A Splitting Criteria Based on Similarity in Decision Tree Learning (2012)

Decision trees are considered to be the most effective and widely used data mining technique for classification, their representation is intuitive and generally easy to be comprehended by humans. The most critical issue in the learning process of decision trees is the splitting criteria. In this paper, We firstly provide the definition of similarity computation that usually used in data clustering and apply it to the learning process of decision trees. Then, we propose a novel splitting criteria which chooses the split with maximum similarity and the decision tree is called mstree. At the same time, we suggest the pruning methodology. The empirical experiments conducted on benchmark datasets have verified that the algorithm has outperformed some classic algorithms such as id3,c4.5 in the classification precision, and less affected by the size of training set
State-of-charge estimation of lithium iron phosphate battery using extreme learning machine (2015)

Tracking the state-of-charge (SOC) is important for battery applications. A novel SOC estimation algorithm based on extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. Compared with the traditional neural network method, the ELM simplifies the computation procedure and shortens the learning time. A typical model of ELM is built for an 180Ah/3.2V lithium iron phosphate battery, and data acquired from cell discharge experiments under a series of current are contributed to model training and predicting. To evaluate the effect of ELM on SOC estimation, the back propagation (BP) neural network and the support vector machine (SVM) are taken into comparison. The results show that the ELM method provides a more accurate SOC. What is more important is that the speed of network training is improved greatly.
Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy for Type 1 Diabetes: Maximizing the Potential (2010)

The identification and study of autoimmune diseases has taught us that recognition of self-antigens can have devastating consequences. Yet there is a paradox to autoreactivity: when correctly balanced, it is at the heart of robust self-tolerance. This concept gives rise to several questions. Can this balance be manipulated? And if so, by what means and through which mechanisms? What are the rules that govern this opportunity to restore homeostasis?

Studies in a variety of animal models, which act as replicas of the major chronic inflammatory diseases that affect humans, have offered many answers to these questions. One of the clearer outcomes is that delivery of autoantigens, administered at different disease stages via a variety of routes, can provide robust, sustained health and protection from inflammatory autoimmune disease. The most appealing element to this approach, termed antigen-specific immunotherapy (ASI), has been that it not only provides an effective means of controlling the autoimmune response via induction or restoration of β-cell–specific tolerance, but that it may achieve these goals without major concerns over safety and certainly without the specter of immune suppression. Yet significant questions remain. Are we doing enough to realize the potential of this sacred cow? How do we move from concept to reality?

In this article, we provide an update on the mechanisms through which ASI is currently thought to operate. We discuss why, despite this body of knowledge, alternative, non-ASI approaches have emerged as the current vogue. We argue that more should be done to counter this trend and realize the potential of ASI, including strategies that combine its strengths with those of other complementary ways forward.

### Mechanisms of therapeutic effect including evidence from human trials.

Predicting the outcome of immunization with islet antigens is complex. The resulting immune response depends not only on …
Mutation of the c-fos gene dyad symmetry element inhibits serum inducibility of transcription in vivo and the nuclear regulatory factor binding in vitro. (1987)

In vitro mutagenesis of a 61-base-pair DNA sequence element that is necessary for induction of the c-fos proto-oncogene by growth factors revealed that a small region of dyad symmetry within the sequence element is critical for c-fos transcriptional activation. The same c-fos dyad symmetry element was found to bind a nuclear protein in vitro, causing a specific mobility shift of this c-fos regulatory sequence. An analysis of insertion and deletion mutants established a strict correlation between the ability of the dyad symmetry element to promote serum activation of c-fos transcription and in vitro nuclear protein binding. These experiments suggest that the DNA mobility shift assay detects a nuclear protein that mediates growth factor stimulation of c-fos expression. In vitro competition experiments indicate that the c-fos regulatory factor also binds to sequences within another growth factor-inducible gene, the beta-actin gene.
Nitric oxide-releasing polyacrylonitrile disperses biofilms formed by wound-relevant pathogenic bacteria (2016)

In the clinical sector, bacterial biofilms represent a substantial treatment challenge for health care professionals and are widely recognized as a key factor in prolonging patient morbidity. This study highlights the potential role for the ubiquitous signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) as an antibiofilm therapy.
Situated facial displays (1995)

Most interactive programs have been assuming interaction with a single user. We propose the notion of "Social Interaction" as a new interaction paradigm between multiple humans and computers. Social interaction requires that first a computer has the multiple participants model, second its behaviors are not only determined by internal logic but also affected by perceived external situations, and finally it actively joins the interaction. An experimental system with these features was developed. It consists of three subsystems, a vision subsystem that processes motion video input to examine an external situation, an action/reaction subsystem that generates an action based on internal logic of a task and a situated reaction triggered by perceived external situation, and a facial animation subsystem that generates a threedimensional face capable of various facial displays. From the experiment using the system with a number of subjects, we found that subjects generally tended to try to interpret facial displays of the computer. Such involvement prevented them from concentrating on a task. We also found that subjects never recognized situated reactions of the computer that were unrelated to the task although they unconsciously responded to them. These findings seem to imply subliminal involvement of the subjects caused by facial displays and situated reactions.
Effect of melamine on the foam kinetics of polyurethane model system. II. Effect of melamine particles on film formation (1998)

To study the influence of the flame-retardant melamine on foam properties of a polyurethane model system, single, vertical liquid foam films were studied. The presence of particles gives the possibility to observe the complete circulation in the film. The films of the model system have been found to be mobile films showing marginal regeneration. Film formation was combined with surface-tension measurements on the pool surface. The changes in the surface tension of the pool were measured and the amount of surfactant diffused from the surface of the pool to the surface of the film were calculated. This quantity was found to be a few percent of the moles necessary for equilibrium coverage. The fresh film surface is nearly independent of the pool surface and the meniscus behaves as a slit, producing a film with a nearly surfactant-free surface. Two characteristic phenomena were observed during film formation from a suspension containing 25 pphp melamine ultrafine: (1) The convective currents are slower in the melamine-filled film than in the corresponding melamine-free lamellae. (2) No surface tension difference was seen on the surface of the pool after film formation. It seems that the melamine hinders the surface diffusion. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 67:1739–1752, 1998
<i>miR‐124</i> Contributes to the functional maturity of microglia (2015)

During early development of the central nervous system (CNS), a subset of yolk-sac derived myeloid cells populate the brain and provide the seed for the microglial cell population, which will self-renew throughout life. As development progresses, individual microglial cells transition from a phagocytic amoeboid state through a transitional morphing phase into the sessile, ramified, and normally nonphagocytic microglia observed in the adult CNS under healthy conditions. The molecular drivers of this tissue-specific maturation profile are not known. However, a survey of tissue resident macrophages identified miR-124 to be expressed in microglia. In this study, we used transgenic zebrafish to overexpress miR-124 in the mpeg1 expressing yolk-sac-derived myeloid cells that seed the microglia. In addition, a systemic sponge designed to neutralize the effects of miR-124 was used to assess microglial development in a miR-124 loss-of-function environment. Following the induction of miR-124 overexpression, microglial motility and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells were significantly reduced. miR-124 overexpression in microglia resulted in the accumulation of residual apoptotic cell bodies in the optic tectum, which could not be achieved by miR-124 overexpression in differentiated neurons. Conversely, expression of the miR-124 sponge caused an increase in the motility of microglia and transiently rescued motility and phagocytosis functions when activated simultaneously with miR-124 overexpression. This study provides in vivo evidence that miR-124 activity has a key role in the development of functionally mature microglia.
A REVIEW OF THE PLANS WHICH HAVE BEEN PROPOSED FOR CONNECTING THE ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC OCEANS BY A NAVIGABLE CANAL. (INCLUDES PLATE). (1847)

Keywords CANALS, PLANS, HISTORY, SURVEYS, RIVERS, WATERWAYS, FEASIBILITY, STUDIES ATLANTIC, PACIFIC, TEHUANTEPEC, MANDINGO BAY, CHIRIQUI, ATRATO, PANAMA NICARAGUA, PANAMA, CENTRAL AMERICA, LATIN AMERICA... Show All
Standardization of qPCR and RT-qPCR (2009)

T he perceived ease of use of real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) technology has revolutionized life science research. Its effectiveness at amplification and quantification of low levels of nucleic acids has driven the emergence of numerous applications, including cellular mRNA and miRNA quantification, biomarker discovery and validation, microbial quantification, cancer risk assessment, gene dosage determination, and detection of extremely low copy targets for forensic investigations. This, in turn, has resulted in an abundance of publications utilizing qPCR data obtained with diverse reagents, protocols, analysis methods, and reporting formats. Unfortunately, few papers report in detail how these results were obtained. This lack of clarity and transparency has led to concern in the research community over the reliability of qPCR data interpretation and the real danger of the scientific literature being corrupted with publications reporting erroneous and conflicting results. This has already occurred in some cases, resulting, for example, in retraction of a Science “Breakthrough of the Year 2005” report1. Now that qPCR has come of age, standardization is needed to ensure its validity, prompting the recent formulation of guidelines to increase experimental transparency, promote consistency between laboratoReprint from
The optical properties of <i>a</i>-C:H films between 1.5 and 10 eV and the effect of thermal annealing on the film character (1996)

The optical properties of amorphous hydrogenated carbon films prepared with various techniques are studied with conventional and synchrotron-radiation spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and the pseudodielectric function 〈ε(ω)〉 of diamondlike and graphitelike films is presented in the energy region 1.5–10 eV. Characteristic features of the measured 〈ε(ω)〉 and the calculated electron-energy-loss (EEL) function are found to serve as useful criteria for the classification of such materials. The results and information obtained by SE are compared to those obtained by EEL and Raman spectroscopy techniques, which are the most widely used for this purpose. Thermal annealing experiments up to 675 °C with in situ monitoring of the 〈ε(ω)〉 reveal the undergoing structural changes in the material character from diamondlike into graphitelike during the annealing. The major modifications which turn the material into sp2-like are found to take place around and above 550 °C. The fundamental gap along with other optical parameters of the materials are compared to those of diamond and graphite and their shift with temperature is discussed and used to illustrate further the prevalence of the graphitic character during and after the annealing. Finally, the optimum growth parameters for the production of diamondlike material are discussed in the case of the glow-discharge and ion-beam deposited films.
SCHWANNOMA CERVICAL: A PROPÓSITO DE UM CASO CLÍNICO (2015)

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Electrically Anisotropic Thin Films Consisting of Polymeric and Metallic Nanolayers from Self-Assembled Lamellae of Diblock Copolymers (2005)

We demonstrated the fabrication of electrically anisotropic thin films of alternating polymeric layers and metallic layers in nanometer thickness by utilizing self-assembled nanodomains of symmetric diblock copolymers. Nanometer-thick metal layers macroscopically parallel to the film plane were synthesized by electroless Ag deposition on Au nanoparticles selectively in one of the blocks. Every Ag/Au layer was completely separated by nanometer-thick polymer layers in the direction perpendicular to the film plane. Therefore, the conductivity of the film was highly anisotropic, differing by at least 8 orders of magnitude in directions parallel and perpendicular to the film plane, even though the in-plane conductivity (2.8 x10(-6) S/cm) was in the range of semiconductors. If self-assembled nanodomains of diblock copolymers were not employed, a serial layer-by-layer process for each layer would be required to fabricate such an electrically anisotropic thin film.