gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel features of early burst suppression predict outcome after birth asphyxia (2014)

Burst suppression patterns in the electroencephalogram are a reliable marker of recent severe brain insult. Here we analyze statistical properties of bursts occurring in 20 electroencephalographic recordings acquired from hypothermic asphyxic newborns in the hours immediately following birth. We show that the distributions of burst area and duration in these acute data predict later clinical outcome in both structural neuroimaging and neurodevelopment. Our findings indicate the first early electroencephalographic metrics that offer outcome prediction in asphyxic neonates undergoing hypothermia treatment.
Deep End-to-End Alignment and Refinement for Time-of-Flight RGB-D Module (2019)

Recently, it is increasingly popular to equip mobile RGB cameras with Time-of-Flight (ToF) sensors for active depth sensing. However, for off-the-shelf ToF sensors, one must tackle two problems in order to obtain high-quality depth with respect to the RGB camera, namely 1) online calibration and alignment; and 2) complicated error correction for ToF depth sensing. In this work, we propose a framework for jointly alignment and refinement via deep learning. First, a cross-modal optical flow between the RGB image and the ToF amplitude image is estimated for alignment. The aligned depth is then refined via an improved kernel predicting network that performs kernel normalization and applies the bias prior to the dynamic convolution. To enrich our data for end-to-end training, we have also synthesized a dataset using tools from computer graphics. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving state-of-the-art for ToF refinement.
The<i>Staphyloccous aureus</i>Eap Protein Activates Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines (2008)

The extracellular adhesion protein (Eap) secreted by the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus is known to have several effects on human immunity. We have recently added to knowledge of these roles by demonstrating that Eap enhances interactions between major histocompatibility complex molecules and human leukocytes. Several studies have indicated that Eap can induce cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). To date, there has been no rigorous attempt to identify the breadth of cytokines produced by Eap stimulation or to identify the cell subsets that respond. Here, we demonstrate that Eap induces the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) by CD14(+) leukocytes (monocytes and macrophages) within direct ex vivo PBMC populations (note that granulocytes are also CD14(+) but are largely depleted from PBMC preparations). Anti-intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (CD54) antibodies inhibited this induction and implicated a role for this known Eap binding protein in cellular activation. IL-6 and TNF-alpha secretion by murine cells exposed to Eap was also observed. The activation of CD14(+) cells by Eap suggests that it could play a significant role in both septic shock and fever, two of the major pathological features of S. aureus infections.
Ionic concentrations at interfaces (1940)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Spam Filtering using a Markov Random Field Model with Variable Weighting Schemas (2005)

In this paper we present a Markov random field model based approach to filter spam. Our approach examines the importance of the neighborhood relationship (MRF cliques) among words in an email message for the purpose of spam classification. We propose and test several different theoretical bases for weighting schemes among corresponding neighborhood windows. Our results demonstrate that unexpected side effects depending on the neighborhood window size may have larger accuracy impact than the neighborhood relationship effects of the Markov random field.
The Fall of the Republic and the Coming of de Gaulle (2001)

This chapter examines the U.S. government's stand on the fall of the Fourth French Republic and the coming to power of Charles de Gaulle. It explains that American policy when the republic faced collapse was to stay out of French affairs and to behave as circumspectly as possible. The chapter argues that the equanimity with which the Americans watched the collapse of the republic remains a glaring reflection of a policy based on disillusionment with a dysfunctional guide.
Validation techniques for ADS-B surveillance data (2003)

The unparalleled safety and integrity of current air traffic surveillance is founded on the practice of assuring independence between sources of data wherever possible and using validation techniques to cross check reported data. Beacon surveillance in particular may be considered a form of dependent surveillance and the validation procedures in place today suggest ways to extend this practice to Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast (ADS-B) based surveillance. The integration of ADS-B into the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) offers an instructive example of how one might implement operational monitoring of ADS-B data using existing surveillance assets.
PCR inhibition by reverse transcriptase leads to an overestimation of amplification efficiency (2005)

This study addresses the problem of PCR inhibition by reverse transcriptase. It has been shown that the inhibition occurs mostly when a small amount of RNA is taken for RT reaction, and it is more visible for rarely expressed transcripts. We show here that the inhibition takes place regardless of what amount of template is utilized for RT. The inhibition possesses a global nature, i.e. the amplification of any given transcript may be compromised with different levels of inhibition. The process of inhibition also explains wrongfully derived PCR amplification efficiencies, sometimes more than 100%, when the sequential dilutions of unpurified RT sample are utilized to build the calibration curve. The RT influences PCR not only by inhibiting it. When microgram(s) of RNA are taken for RT reaction, reverse transcriptase may cause overamplification of some transcripts under certain PCR conditions. The possible mechanism of RT influence on PCR is presented, and a purification method is implemented to remove the effects of RT on PCR.
O estatuto do texto nos documentos oficiais contemporâneos e sua utilização no ENEM (2015)

A promulgação de Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional nº 9.394/1996 legitimou a importância do trabalho com textos no processo ensino-aprendizagem da Lí­ngua Portuguesa, visto que até então prevalecia a abordagem da gramática normativa e da história da literatura. Em 1998, com a divulgação dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais do Ensino Médio, o referido processo foi fortalecido, visto que, segundo esse documento, a unidade básica da linguagem verbal é o texto, e o aluno deve ser considerado a partir dos textos que produz. Também em 1998, teve iní­cio o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM), que se estrutura na diretriz de contextualização, de forma que os itens das diferentes áreas do conhecimento são formulados a partir de textos. Em 2009, quando o ENEM foi reestruturado, a diretriz contextualização foi fortalecida, pois cada item passou a ser formulado a partir de um texto distinto. Diante da confirmação da importância do trabalho com textos, na consolidação do processo ensino-aprendizagem de Lí­ngua Portuguesa, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar os diferentes usos do texto na elaboração de itens do ENEM. Para esta pesquisa baseamo-nos nos postulados de Bakhtin (1992 - 2003) e Koch (2006), que discutem aspectos conceituais e estruturais do texto. Assim, para atendermos ao objetivo definido, realizamos levantamento de base qualitativa, com apoio quantitativo, que evidencia a importância do trabalho com textos para o desenvolvimento das competências e habilidades da Lí­ngua Portuguesa, componente curricular da área Linguagens, Códigos e suas Tecnologias, no ENEM.
Uncertainties in Water Resources Planning (2003)

In October 2000, the State Government of Victoria announced the establishment of a Committee to oversee the development of a sustainable 50-year water resource management strategy for Melbourne's water supply system. The Final Water Resources Strategy was completed in October 2002 and sets a clear direction for managing Melbourne's water resources for the next 50 years. The Strategy has a strong emphasis on managing supply within the capability of existing water resources, through demand management practices and alternative supply options. Nevertheless, the Strategy has highlighted a number of areas of uncertainty in key assumptions. In the longer term, significant deviations from the key underlying assumptions will have implications for resource management and the environment. This paper provides background on the Water Resources Strategy, highlighting some of the areas of uncertainty with the potential to influence future water resources planning. Emphasis is placed on factors impacting on water resources assessment and system behaviour analysis, including; water demand, yield estimates, climate change and the emergence of alternative and new technologies.
Stem cell approaches for diabetes: towards beta cell replacement (2011)

Stem cells hold great promise for pancreatic beta cell replacement therapy for diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, beta cells are mostly destroyed, and in type 2 diabetes beta cell numbers are reduced by 40% to 60%. The proof-of-principle that cellular transplants of pancreatic islets, which contain insulin-secreting beta cells, can reverse the hyperglycemia of type 1 diabetes has been established, and there is now a need to find an adequate source of islet cells. Human embryonic stem cells can be directed to become fully developed beta cells and there is expectation that induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells can be similarly directed. iPS cells can also be generated from patients with diabetes to allow studies of the genomics and pathogenesis of the disease. Some alternative approaches for replacing beta cells include finding ways to enhance the replication of existing beta cells, stimulating neogenesis (the formation of new islets in postnatal life), and reprogramming of pancreatic exocrine cells to insulin-producing cells. Stem-cell-based approaches could also be used for modulation of the immune system in type 1 diabetes, or to address the problems of obesity and insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. Herein, we review recent advances in our understanding of diabetes and beta cell biology at the genomic level, and we discuss how stem-cell-based approaches might be used for replacing beta cells and for treating diabetes.
Improved color flow mapping using the wideband maximum likelihood estimator (2002)

The use of the wideband maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is shown to improve the color flow mapping of the blood velocity profile. Using a transmitted signal with a significant fractional bandwidth, it is shown that the wideband MLE improves the quality of the color flow estimate and simultaneously allows an increase in the frame rate. It is the improved global accuracy of the estimate, with the use of a new signaling scheme, that allows an increase in the frame rate of the display. The signaling scheme interleaves transmission of pulses in two or three directories. This interleaving, with nonperiodic transmission, reduces the total number of pulses required to achieve a fixed level of local and global accuracy. To study the overall estimator performance, the authors evaluate the expected estimator output and demonstrate that the width of the mainlobe and height of subsidiary peaks are reduced through the use of this estimator and signaling scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monitoring behavior in home using a smart fall sensor and position sensors (2002)

The authors developed a system for remotely monitoring human behavior during daily life at home, to improve the security and the quality of life. The activity was monitored through infrared position sensors and magnetic switches. For the falls detection the authors had to develop a smart sensor. The local communications were performed using RF wireless links to reduce the cabling and to allow mobility of the person. An application software performs data exploitation locally but it also performs remote data transmission through the network. This project aim at expanding the telecare solution to a larger population of elderly people who are presently forced to live in hospices.
<i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> measurements in the human myocardium: The effects of magnetization transfer on the SASHA and MOLLI sequences (2013)

The consequences of this T1 underestimation by MOLLI are relevant. Increases in the actual T1 and T2 and decreases in MT will all result in an increase in T1 measured by MOLLI. Myocardial infarction demonstrates increased native T1 and T2 and decreased MT, indicating that these biases enhance the sensitivity of MOLLI to detect this and possibly other cardiovascular disease states.
Regulatory functions of hapten-reactive helper and suppressor T lymphocytes. III. Amplification of a generation of tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activities by suppressor T-cell-depleted hapten-reactive T lymphocytes. (1979)

2,4.6-trinitrophenyl (TNP)-reactive T-cell activities were raised in mice by immunization with TNP-isologous mouse gamma globulin. After establishing that TNP-reactive T lymphocytes can serve as amplifier cells for induction of killer T lymphocytes in allogeneic system, we explored the possibility of this hapten-reactive T-cell system to amplify tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activity in the syngeneic system. We utlized relatively weak immunogenic syngeneic plasmacytoma X5563 in C3H/He mice. Analysis of the TNP-reactive T-cell activities revealed that such T lymphocytes express the biological functions of both major subtypes of regulatory T cells, namely suppressors and helpers, and that TNP-reactive suppressor and helper T lymphocytes, respectively, differ in their relative susceptibility to specific inactivation by TNP conjugates of the nonimmunogenic D-amino acid copolymer, D-glutamic acid, and D-lysine (D-GL). By taking advantage of the relative susceptibility-difference to TNP-D-GL, selective inactivation of TNP-reactive suppressor T cells was induced by appropriate treatment with TNP-D-GL, and the generation of TNP-reactive helper T-cell activity was amplified. The supplement of augmented TNP-reactive helper T-cell activity to the system at the immunization with syngeneic X5563 with TNP-haptenation, resulted in a striking augmentation of induction of tumor-specific killer T-lymphocyte activity, and a considerable number of hosts survived after the challenge with lethal dose of viable tumor cells. Thus, appropriate manipulations designed to induce potent hapten-reactive helper T-lymphocytes provided the potential for a very effective mode of immunoprophylaxis against tumor.
A multibit delta-sigma audio DAC with 120-dB dynamic range (2000)

A 24-bit 192-kHz sample-rate digital-to-analog converter (DAC) achieves 120-dB A-weighted dynamic range in the 20-kHz band, and consumes 310 mW with a 5-V power supply. A third-order five-bit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ architecture optimized for high-end consumer audio has been developed and used. A switched-capacitor (SC) DAC combined with infinite-impulse response (IIR) and finite-impulse response (FIR) filters is employed to increase immunity to clock jitter, and reduce analog power. Partial-range dynamic element matching (DEM) enhances mismatch shaping with reduced circuit overhead. The 7.8-mm/sup 2/ chip fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/ m CMOS integrates a stereo DAC and all functions required for DVD-audio playback.
Multidimensional Edge Detection by Hypersurface Fitting (1981)

One way to define operators for detecting edges in digital images is to fit a surface (plane, quadric,...) to a neighborhood of each image point and take the magnitude of the gradient of the surface as an estimate of the rate of change of gray level in the image at that point. This approach is extended to define edge detectors applicable to multidimensional arrays of data-e.g., three-dimensional arrays obtained by reconstruction from projections-by locally fitting hypersurfaces to the data. The resulting operators, for hypersurfaces of degree 1 or 2, are closely analogous to those in the two-dimensional case. Examples comparing some of these three-dimensional operators with their twodimensional counterparts are given.
Plasma Collagen Cofactor Correlates with von Willebrand Factor Antigen and Ristocetin Cofactor but Not with Bleeding Time (1988)

Collagen cofactor (CCo), an activity of von Willebrand factor (vWF) which increases the rate of adhesion of human fixed washed platelets (FWP) to collagen, was measured in plasma from normal individuals and individuals with von Willebrand's disease (vWD). CCo in vWD plasma was compared to vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), ristocetin cofactor (RCo), factor VIII (VIII) coagulant activity (VIII:C) and the quantitative bleeding time. There was close correlation between CCo and VIII:C (r = 0.909), vWF:Ag (r = 0.975), and RCo (r = 0.936). However, there was no correlation between CCo and the quantitative bleeding time. Plasma CCo in type IIA vWD was markedly lower than vWF:Ag and the ratio of CCo/vWF:Ag was 0.08, which was less than a mean value of 0.92 in type I vWD. CCo activity in normal plasma was completely inhibited by monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 201, an antibody that inhibits the binding of vWF to collagen, suggesting that the binding of vWF to collagen is required for the expression of CCo. Furthermore, the partial inhibition of CCo by monoclonal antibody CLB-RAg 35 that inhibits the binding of vWF to platelet in the presence of ristocetin, suggests that CCo is partly mediated through platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. Large multimers of vWF:Ag in normal plasma were preferentially absorbed by collagen. These studies demonstrate that CCo is another functional activity of vWF and the measurement of CCo may be useful for the detection of new variant forms of vWD.
Throughput analysis of adaptive ARQ schemes (1989)

Abstract Many ARQ error control schemes have been proposed in data transmission, including go‐back‐N and selective‐repeat schemes. In those schemes, most of the parameters affecting performance, such as the number of continuously transmitted data blocks and the data block length, are fixed. Consequently, the performance may be greatly degraded when there is a time‐variation in the bit‐error rate or when the bit‐error rate is difficult to estimate. This paper proposes a control scheme wherein the number of continuously transmitted data blocks and the data block length are adapted dynamically to the bit‐error rate. The throughput of the proposed scheme is analyzed for go‐back‐N and selective‐repeat schemes using the half‐duplex channel. The evaluations for the go‐back‐N and the selective‐repeat schemes are obtained as special cases of the result of analysis. The effects of various parameters on performance are discussed and the performances of various schemes are compared. The results show that the proposed scheme based on the adaptive control has a performance which is very close to the scheme with a fixed number of continuously transmitted data blocks and fixed data block length, where those parameters are set optimally in a static way.
Perfluorinated Polymers, Tetrafluoroethylene–Perfluorodioxole Copolymers (2001)

Abstract Copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene–perfluorodioxole are perfluorinated amorphous polymers and have unusual combination of properties. These polymers, commonly known as Teflon AF, have high temperature stability, excellent chemical resistance, low surface energy, low water absorption, high limiting oxygen index, solubility at ambient temperature in fluorinated solvents, high transparency, and low refractive index. They are stiffer and have high gas permeability. The glass‐transition temperature is sensitive to polymer composition and the structure of the dioxole monomer. These polymers can be processed by various solution processing techniques such as spin coating, dip coating, spraying, or casting. Melt‐processing techniques like extrusion and injection molding are used. They are used to provide antireflective coatings, low dielectric coatings, pellicles in electronic chips, plastic optical fiber, and in gas separation membrances.
Vector corrected non-linear transistor characterization (1997)

An on-wafer microwave characterization system has been developed that allows for both 'frequency domain' swept frequency fixed power small signal s-parameter measurements and 'time domain' swept power fixed frequency large signal power measurements of transistors from 0.5 GHz to 40 GHz. The 'time domain' measurements are fully vector corrected to allow for the determination of both magnitudes and phases of the harmonise generated in the non­linear regime. Such measurement capability allows for the measurement of the large signal voltage and currents waveforms present at the transistor terminations under large signal microwave excitation. The availability of these waveforms not only provides detailed insight into the operation of the transistor under large signal conditions, but is also revolutionizing the development, optimization and extraction of non-linear models and circuits design techniques. The charcterization techniques are illustrated through measurements on 025\im gate transistors fabricated using the H40 process at GMMT having a 4x60 m gate width.
Febrile-Range Hyperthermia Modifies Endothelial and Neutrophilic Functions to Promote Extravasation (2012)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a neutrophil (polymorphonuclear leukocyte; PMN)-driven lung injury that is associated with fever and heat-stroke, and involves approximately 40% mortality. In murine models of acute lung injury (ALI), febrile-range hyperthermia (FRH) enhanced PMN accumulation, vascular permeability, and epithelial injury, in part by augmenting pulmonary cysteine-x-cysteine (CXC) chemokine expression. To determine whether FRH increases chemokine responsiveness within the lung, we used in vivo and in vitro models that bypass the endogenous generation of chemokines. We measured PMN transalveolar migration (TAM) in mice after intratracheal instillations of the human CXC chemokine IL-8 in vivo, and of IL-8-directed PMN transendothelial migration (TEM) through human lung microvascular endothelial cell (HMVEC-L) monolayers in vitro. Pre-exposure to FRH increased in vivo IL-8-directed PMN TAM by 23.5-fold and in vitro TEM by 7-fold. Adoptive PMN transfer demonstrated that enhanced PMN TAM required both PMN donors and recipients to be exposed to FRH, suggesting interdependent effects on PMNs and endothelium. FRH exposure caused the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in lung homogenates and circulating PMNs, with an associated increase in HSP27 phosphorylation and stress-fiber formation. The inhibition of these signaling pathways with U0126 and SB203580 blocked the effects of FRH on PMN extravasation in vivo and in vitro. Collectively, these results (1) demonstrate that FRH augments chemokine-directed PMN extravasation through direct effects on endothelium and PMNs, (2) identify ERK and p38 signaling pathways in the effect, and (3) underscore the complex effects of physiologic temperature change on innate immune function and its potential consequences for lung injury.