gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attention-based adaptive intra refresh for error-prone video transmission (2007)

Error-resilient video coding plays an important role in video transmission over error-prone networks. Intra coding, which can suppress error propagation very well in a simple way, is often employed in error-resilient video coding in some special ways and named as intra refresh. However, most of the existing intra refresh methods do not make good use of subjective human vision property. In this article a novel intra refresh method is presented, taking the fact that people usually intend to pay much more attention to a certain particular area in a video frame (attention area) than to other areas (nonattention area) in the same frame. In this method, blocks in the attention area of each video frame have a higher priority to be refreshed as intra mode than the blocks outside the attention area. Meanwhile, an attention-based end-to-end rate distortion model with reference restriction for both inter coding and intra coding is developed to obtain a better subjective quality. Experimental results in H.264/AVC-based video coding demonstrate that, when compared at the same bit rate and the same packet loss condition, the proposed method can provide a much better subjective feeling than existing intra refresh methods
Estrogen receptor impairs interleukin-6 expression by preventing protein binding on the NF- B site (1997)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine thought to be a key factor in post-menopausal osteoporosis, given its ability to induce osteoclast maturation and its down regulation by estrogens. We have previously shown that the effects of TNFalphaand estradiol on the human IL-6 promoter were dependent on a region of the promoter containing a C/EBP site and a NF-kappaB site. To define the molecular mode of action of estrogens, we performed gel shift assays with this DNA fragment as a probe, and nuclear extracts from TNFalpha-induced HeLa, MCF7 and Saos2 cells. Several induced complexes specifically bound the probe. The use of various competitor DNA suggested that most of the complexes detected contained NF-kappaB factors, and that C/EBP site binding factors were important for the overall binding to the probe. Addition of in vitro translated human estrogen receptor (hER) impaired the binding of three complexes in HeLa cells and two complexes in MCF7 and Saos2 cells. Competition experiments suggested that the NF-kappaB site was necessary for the effect of hER. The use of antisera against NF-kappaB and C/EBP proteins showed that the target complexes of hER contained the c-rel proto-oncogene product and to a lesser extent, the RelA protein. Taken together, these data show that hER impairs TNFalphainduction of IL-6 by preventing c-rel and, to a lesser extent, RelA proteins binding to the NF-kappaB site of the IL-6 promoter.
Lysine 188 of the catabolite gene activator protein (CAP) plays no role in specificity at base pair 7 of the DNA half site (1990)

Two similar, but not identical, models have been proposed for the amino acid-base pair contacts in the CAP-DNA complex ('model I,' Weber, I. and Steitz, T., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 3973-3977, 1984; 'model II,' Ebright, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81, 7274-7278, 1984). The most important difference between the two models involves Lys188 of CAP. Model I predicts that Lys188 of CAP makes a specificity determining contact with base pair 7 of the DNA half site. In contrast, model II predicts that Lys188 makes no contact with base pair 7 of the DNA half site. In the present work, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace Lys188 of CAP by Asn, an amino acid unable to make the putative contact. We have assessed the specificities of the following proteins, both in vitro and in vivo: wild-type CAP, [Asn188]CAP, [Val181]CAP, and [Val181;Asn188]CAP. The results indicate that Lys188 makes no contribution to specificity at base pair 7 of the DNA half site. We propose, contrary to model I, that Lys188 makes no contact with base pair 7 of the DNA half site.
Real Space Mapping of Li-Ion Transport in Amorphous Si Anodes with Nanometer Resolution (2010)

The electrical bias driven Li-ion motion in silicon anode materials in thin film battery heterostructures is investigated using electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM), which is a newly developed scanning probe microscopy based characterization method. ESM utilizes the intrinsic link between bias-controlled Li-ion concentration and molar volume of electrode materials, providing the capability for studies on the sub-20 nm scale, and allows the relationship between Li-ion flow and microstructure to be established. The evolution of Li-ion transport during the battery charging is directly observed.
Anisotropic field-effect hole mobility of liquid crystalline conjugated polymer layers formed on photoaligned polyimide films (2011)

We have fabricated organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with a highly oriented active layer of poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-bithiophene] (F8T2), which was formed with the help of a photoaligned polyimide film. Photoalignment is an attractive technique for integrating OFETs with aligned active layers on the same substrate, because of its potential capability of two-dimensional alignment patterning. The F8T2 layer formed on the photoaligned polyimide film showed an absorption dichroic ratio greater than 15 after annealing at 285 °C. Top-gate/bottom-contact-type OFETs with a parylene gate insulating layer exhibited an enhanced hole mobility (0.016 cm2 V−1 s−1) along the alignment direction of the F8T2 backbone structure and a suppressed one (0.002 cm2 V−1 s−1) along the perpendicular direction. This result shows that the photoaligned polyimide film is an attractive alignment layer for fabricating and integrating OFETs with aligned active layers. Current-direction-dependent bias stress effect was observed for those OFETs; when the current flowed parallel to the alignment direction of the F8T2 backbone structures, a larger negative threshold voltage shift was observed. This anisotropic bias stress effect was discussed on the basis of a microstructure model of aligned F8T2 films.
Seismic Stratigraphy and Global Changes of Sea Level: Part 6. Stratigraphic Interpretation of Seismic Reflection Patterns in Depositional Sequences: Section 2. Application of Seismic Reflection Configuration to Stratigraphic Interpretation (1977)

Seismic stratigraphy is the study of stratigraphy and depositional facies as interpreted from seismic data. Seismic reflection terminations and configurations are interpreted as stratification patterns, and are used for recognition and correlation of depositional sequences, interpretation of depositional environment, and estimation of lithofacies. Seismic sequence analysis subdivides the seismic section into packages of concordant reflections, which are separated by surfaces of discontinuity defined by systematic reflection terminations. These packages of concordant reflections (seismic sequences) are interpreted as depositional sequences consisting of genetically related strata and bounded at their top and base by unconformities or their correlative conformities. Reflection terminations interpreted as stratal terminations include erosional truncation, toplap, onlap, and downlap. Seismic facies analysis interprets environmental setting and lithofacies from seismic data. Seismic facies units are groups of seismic reflections whose parameters (configuration, amplitude, continuity, frequency, and interval velocity) differ from adjacent groups. After seismic facies units are recognized, their limits defined, and areal associations mapped, they are interpreted to express certain stratification, lithologic, and depositional features of the deposits that generated the reflections within the units. Major groups of reflection configurations include parallel, subparallel, divergent, prograding, chaotic, and reflection-free patterns. Prograding configurations may be subdivided into sigmoid, oblique, complex sigmoid-oblique, shingled, and hummocky clinoform configurations External forms of seismic facies units include sheet, sheet drape, wedge, bank, lens, mound, and fill forms. Seismic facies units are interpreted in terms of the depositional environments, the energy of the depositing medium, and the potential lithologic content of the strata generating the seismic facies reflection pattern.
En face coherence microscopy [Invited] (2017)

<i>En face</i> coherence microscopy or flying spot or full field optical coherence tomography or microscopy (FF-OCT/FF-OCM) belongs to the OCT family because the sectioning ability is mostly linked to the source coherence length. In this article we will focus our attention on the advantages and the drawbacks of the following approaches: <i>en face</i> versus B scan tomography in terms of resolution, coherent versus incoherent illumination and influence of aberrations, and scanning versus full field imaging. We then show some examples to illustrate the diverse applications of <i>en face</i> coherent microscopy and show that endogenous or exogenous contrasts can add valuable information to the standard morphological image. To conclude we discuss a few domains that appear promising for future development of <i>en face</i> coherence microscopy.
Antenna beam pattern modulation for MIMO channels (2012)

In this paper, the antenna beam pattern modulation (ABPM) is presented as a transmission scheme which uses antenna patterns in addition to the conventional amplitude/phase modulation (APM) symbols to convey information and increase spectral efficiency. The transmitted bits per symbol period are divided into two blocks: the first block contains the antenna beam patterns and the second APM symbols. Then, the second block is mapped to an APM symbol, which is transmitted by the antenna pattern selected by the first block. The beam pattern and the transmitted symbol are detected using the maximum likelihood (ML) by the receiver, in order to de-map the block of information bits. The bit error rate (BER) performance of the proposed ABPM is evaluated over independent and identically distributed (iid) Rayleigh fading channel. The simulation results show that with appropriately designed beam patterns, the transmission scheme can provide a better performance and enhanced throughput when compared to conventional spatial modulation (SM) and APM.
Principles of a Defect Localisation in Nonlinear Ultrasonic Mixing Impulse Spectroscopy (2014)

Principles of nonlinear ultrasonic mixing impulse s(NUMIS) show great potential advantages in comparison with other nonli near ultrasonic methods. It is first of all from the point of view of sensitivity and possibility of quick, simple and precise localization of a defect. This paper elaborates on the principles and algorithms of calculation of the defect place for this method. Th e point idealization of ultrasonic transducers and receivers are supposed for this aim . With the successive increase in delay of the second excitation pulse to the first one it can be obtained distribution of image defects on test subjects in a 2D plane within seconds.
Poor survival outcomes in HER2-positive breast cancer patients with low-grade, node-negative tumours (2009)

We present a retrospective analysis on a cohort of low-grade, node-negative patients showing that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status significantly affects the survival in this otherwise very good prognostic group. Our results provide support for the use of adjuvant trastuzumab in patients who are typically classified as having very good prognosis, not routinely offered standard chemotherapy, and who as such do not fit current UK prescribing guidelines for trastuzumab.
Dapsone activation of CYP2C9-mediated metabolism: evidence for activation of multiple substrates and a two-site model. (2001)

Dapsone activates CYP2C9-mediated metabolism in various expression systems and is itself metabolized by CYP2C9 to its hydroxylamine metabolite. Studies were conducted with expressed CYP2C9 to characterize the kinetic effects of dapsone (0-100 microM) on (S)-flurbiprofen (2-300 microM), (S)-naproxen (10-1800 microM), and piroxicam (5-900 microM) metabolism in 6 x 6 matrix design experiments. The influence of (S)-flurbiprofen on dapsone hydroxylamine formation was also studied. Dapsone increased the Michaelis-Menten-derived V(max) of flurbiprofen 4'-hydroxylation from 12.6 to 20.6 pmol/min/pmol P450, and lowered its K(m) from 28.9 to 10.0 microM, suggesting that dapsone activates CYP2C9-mediated flurbiprofen metabolism without displacing flurbiprofen from the active site, supporting a two-site model describing activation. Similar results were observed with piroxicam 5'-hydroxylation, as V(max) was increased from 0.08 to 0.20 pmol/min/pmol P450 and K(m) was decreased from 183 to 50 microM in the presence of dapsone. In addition, the kinetic profile for naproxen was converted from biphasic to hyperbolic in the presence of dapsone, while exhibiting similar decreases in K(m) and increases in V(max). Kinetic parameters were also estimated using the two-site binding equation, with alpha values <1 and beta values >1, indicative of activation. Additionally, dapsone hydroxylamine formation was measured from incubations containing flurbiprofen, exhibiting a kinetic profile that was minimally affected by the presence of flurbiprofen. Overall, these results suggest that dapsone activates the metabolism of multiple substrates of CYP2C9 by binding within the active site and causing positive cooperativity, thus lending further support to a two-site binding model of P450-mediated metabolism.
Developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome by maternal nutritional imbalance: how strong is the evidence from experimental models in mammals? (2004)

The incidence of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of abnormalities focusing on insulin resistance and associated with high risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is reaching epidemic proportions. Prevalent in both developed and developing countries, the metabolic syndrome has largely been attributed to altered dietary and lifestyle factors that favour the development of central obesity. However, population-based studies have suggested that predisposition to the metabolic syndrome may be acquired very early in development through inappropriate fetal or neonatal nutrition. Further evidence for developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome has now been suggested by animal studies in which the fetal environment has been manipulated through altered maternal dietary intake or modification of uterine artery blood flow. This review examines these studies and assesses whether the metabolic syndrome can be reliably induced by the interventions made. The validity of the different species, diets, feeding regimes and end-point measures used is also discussed.
Enhanced Salience and Emotion Recognition in Autism: A PET Study (2003)

Even with the enhanced emotional salience of facial stimuli, adults with autism showed lower activity in the fusiform cortex and differed from the comparison subjects in activation of other brain regions. The authors suggested that the recognition of emotion by adults with autism is achieved through recruitment of brain regions concerned with allocation of attention, sensory gating, the referencing of perceptual knowledge, and categorization.
Terabit-throughput GEO satellite optical feeder link testbed (2015)

The paper presents an experimental testbed, which will be used for the demonstration of more than 1 Tbps free-space optical (FSO) transmission in a scenario similar to that of GEO uplink. The chosen terrestrial scenario corresponds to worst-case conditions of a GEO uplink scenario according to the atmospheric channel characteristics and the geometry of the scenario. The testbed consists of a DWDM-based FSO link over 26km distance with less than 2° elevation. The communications system consists of several DWDM transmitters, which are multiplexed, amplified and transmitted in a single FSO channel. The transmitter as well as the receiver will be pointed and tracked by a high-precision fine-pointing mechanism. The state of the atmospheric transmission media will be monitored in realtime, allowing us to deepen our understanding of the optical satellite uplink transmission.
Peripheral Blood Dendritic Cells Are Not a Major Reservoir for HIV Type 1 in Infected Individuals on Virally Suppressive HAART (2003)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are potent antigen-presenting cells, and their physiological localization in tissues that interact with the external environment is important as a first barrier against pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1). Several models have been proposed to explain the possible role of DCs as a reservoir for HIV-1 in patients on virally suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, the low yield of cell isolates has made this evaluation a difficult task. The present study analyzes whether peripheral blood DCs from HIV-1-infected individuals on virally suppressive HAART, with plasma HIV-1 RNA levels of less than 50 copies/ml, carry either HIV-1 provirus and/or HIV-1 virions. Peripheral blood DCs were isolated from a cohort of 10 HIV-1-seropositive men taking suppressive HAART. In five patients, plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells were isolated to attempt to identify their respective roles in HIV-1 residual disease. Viral out-growth assays were performed in vitro, as well as gag and R/U5 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of viral RNA and DNA, respectively, from DC and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) extracts. Fluorescence activated cell-sorting (FACS) data revealed cellular yields from 85.90 to 95.18%, of relatively pure DCs isolated from patients' PBMCs. Although HIV-1 RNA gag and DNA RU/5 were detected in all PBMC samples isolated from the patients, proviral DNA and viral RNA forms were not detected in any of the DC isolates. In addition, no replication-competent virus was demonstrated in DC coculture assays, while virus was isolated from each patients' CD8+ T-lymphocyte-depleted PBMC cocultures. Furthermore, HIV-1 gag proviral DNA was not detected in either plasmacytoid or myeloid DC subfractions. The current study suggests that in HIV-1-infected individuals treated with suppressive HAART, peripheral blood DCs do not carry HIV-1 proviral DNA or viral particles attached to their surface. These populations of peripheral blood DCs are likely not a major HIV-1 reservoir in patients on HAART with clinically undetectable plasma viral RNA.
On the digital trail of mobile cells (2006)

Cell migration is a field of intense current research, where biologists increasingly rely on methods and expertise from physics and engineering. Signal processing approaches can contribute significantly to this research, most notably to help analyze the exploding quantity of imaging data produced with standard and new microscopy techniques. In this article, we first provide a brief background on the importance of understanding cell movements, then review a selection of current efforts on tracking moving cells, with an emphasis on deformable model approaches (some ideas expressed in this article have been previously discussed. We will point out some of the main difficulties posed by cellular imaging, discuss advantages and limitations of different tracking techniques, and suggest a few directions for future advances
The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the four P medicine era (2018)

The current era of medicine is often named "4P-Medicine". Four P represents the acronym of Personalized, Predictive, Preventive and Participative (Fig. In 2011 Hood and Friend [1] developed the concept of 4P Medicine, comprising not only the idea of a personalized medicine based on a well-defined molecular predictive medicine, but also a health concept in which disease prevention and citizen participation in the management of health should become the medicine of the future, following a systems medicine approach. The backbone of 4P medicine is translational research aiming to define molecular pathways that are selectively involved in each type of cancer, allowing for targeted therapy on a personalized basis.
Impact of mechanical antenna downtilt on performance of WCDMA cellular network (2005)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of the base station mechanical antenna downtilt scheme on the downlink capacity of a 6-sectored WCDMA cellular network of 33/spl deg/ horizontal beamwidth antennas. The effect of the base station antenna height and vertical beamwidth together with site spacing was evaluated in a macrocellular environment and observations were made based on system level simulations utilizing a Monte Carlo approach. The results show that downlink capacity of a WCDMA cellular network obviously depends on the mechanical downtilt angle and the capacity enhancements are based on reduction of other-cell interference. Moreover, the soft and softer handover areas are changed according to mechanical downtilt angle, which clearly depends on the base station antenna height and vertical beamwidth together with site spacing.
The effect of crosstalk and phase noise in multichannel coherent optical ASK systems (1991)

The authors extend the analysis of G.J. Foschini et al. (1988) to a two-channel system and to a wider class of IF filters. The authors carry out a comprehensive study of the sensitivity of an optical receiver in a two-channel ASK system, taking into account phase noise and crosstalk, including crosstalk arising from phase noise in the second channel. They compare the results with previous work in the limit of no phase noise and show how the agreement is good. They compute the penalty due to crosstalk for different linewidths and filter shapes. It is shown that the minimum channel spacing is a few bit rates more than the IF filter bandwidth, and is therefore increased significantly by significant phase noise. The detailed IF filter shape appears to have only a weak effect.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of oral creatine loading on single and repeated maximal short sprints. (1995)

This investigation determined whether oral creatine (Cr) loading could enhance single and repeated short sprint performance. A 1 x 10 s cycle sprint (Study One) and 6 x 6 s (departing every 30 s) repeated cycle sprints (Study two) were the performance tests used. Separate groups of subjects, randomly assigned to either a Cr or placebo (P) group, were used in each study in a double blind design. After performing a familiarization and two baseline tests subjects loaded with 5g of Cr or P four times per day for five days before repeating the tests one and three days post-loading. In Study One (n = 9 in each group), work completed (kJ) at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 s and peak power (W) were greater than baseline values in each of the post-loading trials in both the Cr and P groups. There were no between group performance differences. In Study Two (n = 11 in each group) after loading, the Cr group recorded significantly greater scores than the P group in total work (kJ) completed over the 6 sprints, work completed in sprint 1, and peak power (W). Post-exercise blood lactate and pH responses were not different between the Cr and P groups after loading in either study. Although Study One results are equivocal, Study Two results suggest that Cr supplementation can enhance both single (if sprint 1 results are considered in isolation) and repeated short sprint performance.