gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medicament Release from Ointment Bases: III. Ibuprofen: In Vitro Release and In-Vivo Absorption in Rabbits (1986)

The in-vitro release of ibuprofen from various topical bases including: water-washable base, hydrophilic base, cream, Canadian formulary base, gel, emulsion, water-soluble base and University of California Hospital base were studied. Also, the effects of the additives (ethanol, polyethylene glycol—400, urea and dimethylsulfoxide) on the release rate of the drug from the water-washable base were evaluated.In general, the in-vitro release rate rank order of the drug was observed to be: water-washable base > hydrophilic base > Canadian formulary base > gel > PEG water washable > emulsion > cream > University of California base. The additive ingredients had a Little or no effect in enhancing the release of drug from the samples studied.The formulations with optimum in-vitro drug release were scaled up for in-vivo percutaneous absorption in rabbits. The blood samples were analyzed by a HPLC method. Among the candidates evaluated in-vivo, the bioavailability of the drug was significantly higher from the water-washable base when compared to the hydrophilic base and others. The addition of 10% dimethylsulfoxide to the hydrophilic enhanced the release of ibuprofen and adversely affected the release from the water-washable base.In-vitro and in-vivo data were treated by various kinetic models and the values for diffusion coefficient, permeability coefficient and partition coefficient were calculated. Also, some pharmacokinetic parameters, such as, absorption rate constant, elimination rate constant and half-life of the drug were calculated for meaningful interpretations of the data for the release of drug from topical bases.
Evidence that HLA class II-restricted human CD4+ T cells specific to p53 self peptides respond to p53 proteins of both wild and mutant forms (1998)

By stimulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells of four healthy donors with a mixture of overlapping peptides representing the core domain of p53, we established two CD4+ alphabeta T cell clones and four lines that recognized wild-type and mutant p53 proteins as well as p53 self peptides in an HLA class II-restricted fashion. Two T cell lines established from two unrelated donors reacted to the p53 peptide (p)153-166 and p108-122, respectively, in the context of DP5 molecules. Two T cell clones established from two other unrelated donors were specific for p193-204 in the context of DRB1*1401 and for p153-165 in the context of DP5, respectively. These two T cell clones responded almost equally to both wild-type and four mutant recombinant p53 proteins. The proliferative responses of these T cell clones to p53 recombinant proteins were augmented by heat denaturing, thereby suggesting that altered conformation of the protein facilitates proteolytic processing to produce antigenic peptides. The DRB1*1401-restricted T cell clone specific for p193-204 killed a B lymphoblastoid cell line homozygous for HLA-DRB1*1401 when the cell line was pre-pulsed with p53 protein as well as peptide. These results indicate that CD4+ T cells reactive to p53 do exist in healthy individuals and the epitopes are probably ignored by the immune system under physiological conditions. It is suggested that such epitopes stimulate T cells to induce anti-p53 antibody production in cancer patients as previously reported by others. The possible involvement of p53-reactive T cells in anti-tumor immunity is discussed.
Visual SLAM with a Multi-Camera Rig (2006)

Camera-based simultaneous localization and mapping or visual SLAM has received much attention recently. Typically single cameras, multiple cameras in a stereo setup or omni-directional cameras are used. We propose a different approach, where multiple cameras can be mounted on a robot in an arbitrary configuration. Allowing the cameras to face in different directions yields better constraints than single cameras or stereo setups can provide, simplifying the reconstruction of large-scale environments. And in contrast to omni-directional sensors, the available resolution can be focused on areas of interest depending on the application. We describe a sparse SLAM approach that is suitable for real-time reconstruction from such multi-camera configurations. We have implemented the system and show experimental results in a large-scale environment, using a custom made eight-camera rig. I.
Noninvasive Detection of Lentiviral-Mediated Choline Kinase Targeting in a Human Breast Cancer Xenograft (2009)

Elevated phosphocholine (PC) and total choline (tCho) metabolites are widely established characteristics of most cancer cells, including breast cancer. Effective silencing of choline kinase (chk), the enzyme that converts choline to PC, is associated with reduced tumor growth. The functional importance and down-regulation of chk using RNA interference has been previously established. Here, we report on the preclinical evaluation of lentiviral vector-mediated down-regulation of chk using short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in established tumors derived from human breast cancer cells. Concentrated lentivirus expressing shRNA against chk was injected i.v. in the tail vein of MDA-MB-231 tumor-bearing female severe combined immunodeficient mice. Transduction efficiency in cells and tumors in vivo was assessed optically by enhanced green fluorescent protein expression and additionally from chk mRNA and protein levels. An 80% reduction in chk mRNA and protein was achieved following approximately 90% transduction efficiency in cells. After transduction with chk-shRNA, (1)H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of cell and tumor extracts showed decreases in PC and tCho levels (P < 0.01 and 0.05, respectively) in comparison with controls. PC levels were monitored noninvasively by (31)P MRS in tumors and by (1)H MRS in cell and tumor tissue extracts. Noninvasive (31)P MR spectra of chk-shRNA-transduced tumors in vivo showed lower PC and phosphomonoester levels that were associated with reduced tumor growth and proliferation. This study shows the use of lentiviral vectors to target chk in a human breast cancer xenograft and noninvasive MRS detection of this targeting.
Portable neonatal EEG monitoring and sonification on an Android device (2017)

Clinical evaluation of electroencephalogram (EEG) is important for understanding and monitoring the electrical activity present in the brain. In collusion with engineering advances, the movement towards portable, rapid and low-cost EEG monitoring is growing. This will allow a greater availability of monitoring technologies for assessing brain function and health in disadvantaged communities. This paper presents an alternative method for interpreting neonatal brain health in real-time via the sonification of EEG on a smartphone. The paper discusses the implementation of the real-time EEG sonification using a phase vocoder and shows how the method is achievable using low-cost smartphone technologies with energy efficient algorithms.
Multiple charge reaction cell for studies of primary explosives (1989)

A reaction cell for the detonation of primary explosives is described. The cell is 250 mm in diameter and contains 30 samples, which can be initiated consecutively using a laser beam. A manually driven mechanism is used to locate each charge in its turn in a central firing position without having to break the vacuum. Eight 3-in. observation windows and four 0.25-in. feedthrough ports allow recording and analysis of the emission resulting from the detonation products. The design provides a means for protection against accidental explosion. The cell is currently being used for spectroscopic studies of the gaseous reaction products obtained from the detonation of lead azide.
The Religious Backgrounds of Indonesian Nationalism (1947)

Many forces, ancient and modern, European and Asiatic, political and economic, have combined to produce the present state of unrest and political turmoil in Indonesia, otherwise known as the Dutch East Indies. No one can fully understand the present situation with all its emotional tensions, unless he appreciates the various religious factors which are operative, to a greater or less degree, in the Indonesian nationalist movement.
Automatic Image Cropping: A Computational Complexity Study (2016)

Attention based automatic image cropping aims at preserving the most visually important region in an image. A common task in this kind of method is to search for the smallest rectangle inside which the summed attention is maximized. We demonstrate that under appropriate formulations, this task can be achieved using efficient algorithms with low computational complexity. In a practically useful scenario where the aspect ratio of the cropping rectangle is given, the problem can be solved with a computational complexity linear to the number of image pixels. We also study the possibility of multiple rectangle cropping and a new model facilitating fully automated image cropping.
Polymers Containing Highly Polarizable Conjugated Side Chains as High‐Performance All‐Organic Nanodielectric Materials (2013)

Abstract The discovery of nanodipolar π ‐conjugated oligomer‐containing polymers as high performance nanodielectric materials with high permittivity and low dielectric loss over a wide range of frequency (100 Hz–4 MHz) is reported. Terthiophene‐containing methacrylate polymers are synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Both X‐ray and thermal studies indicate the formation of small crystalline domains of terthiophene side chains dispersed in amorphous matrix. The highly polarizable and fast‐responsive nanodipoles from the nanoscale crystalline domains (<2 nm) are believed to dictate the performance. These polymers uniquely satisfy nanodipole architectures conjectured two decades ago to guide the design of high performance nanodielectric materials. This unprecedented approach can be generalized to a variety of π‐conjugated oligomer‐containing polymers for the development of high energy density capacitor materials.
A–B–A stereoblock copolymers of <i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide (2007)

Abstract A–B–A stereoblock polymers with atactic poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as a hydrophilic block (either A or B) and a non‐water‐soluble block consisting of isotactic PNIPAM were synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerizations. Yttrium trifluoromethanesulfonate was used in the tacticity control, and bifunctional S , S ′‐bis(α,α′‐dimethyl‐α″‐acetic acid)‐trithiocarbonate (BDAT) was utilized as a RAFT agent. Chain structures of the A–B–A stereoblock copolymers were determined using 1 H NMR, SEC, and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. BDAT proved to be an efficient RAFT agent in the controlled synthesis of stereoregular PNIPAM, and both atactic and isotactic PNIPAM were successfully used as macro RAFT agents. The glass transition temperatures ( T g ) of the resulting polymers were measured by differential scanning calorimetry. We found that the T g of isotactic PNIPAM is molecular weight dependent and varies in the present case between 115 and 158 °C. Stereoblock copolymers show only one T g , indicating the miscibility of the blocks. Correspondingly, the T g may be varied by varying the mutual lengths of the A and B blocks. The phase separation of aqueous solutions upon increasing temperature is strongly affected by the isotactic blocks. At a fixed concentration (5 mg/mL), an increase of the isotacticity of the stereoblock copolymers decreases the demixing temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 38–46, 2008
A CONTINUOUS SHIPBOARD LAUNDRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND RECYCLING SYSTEM (1977)

Ships' laundry wastewater treatment system development is motivated by the desire to save energy and to minimize water pollution. Solving system development problems is complicated by the different laundry practices, laundry agent compositions, and machinery configurations encountered in fleet ships. A number of approaches for treating laundry wastewater as received were evaluated. An on-line, relatively lightweight, low maintenance, treatment system that produces high quality recycle water with a low consumption of chemicals is described. In the fully automated system, two additives are metered into the wastewater. A coarse precipitate is formed which entraps suspended matter and which is easily removed by froth flotation. Laundry water is being treated and reused 50 times with 87 percent saving in freshwater requirement, in an experimental system at the U.S. Naval Academy laundry. Principles of system operation, the mechanism of surfactant, flocculant, and proprietary additive interaction are discussed and a technique for disposal of floc containing the water contaminants is reviewed. Energy savings, and absence of significant effects of the recycled water on cleanliness and tear strength of the washed garments, are shown.
Antifungal activity of polymer-based copper nanocomposite coatings (2004)

Eukaryotes, such as fungi, can be harmful pathogen agents, and the control of their bioactivity is critical as humans are eukaryote organisms, too. Here, copper∕polymer nanocomposites are proposed as antifungal spinnable coatings with controlled copper-releasing properties. The tests of the bioactivity show that fungal growth is inhibited on the nanocomposite-coated plates, and the antifungal activity can be modulated by controlling the Cu nanoparticle loading.
Experimental hyperchaos in coupled Chua's circuits (1994)

In this letter we report experimental observation of hyperchaotic attractors in open and closed chains of Chua's circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aversion, Avoidance, and Anxiety (2014)

Contents: Part I:Introduction. J.B. Overmier, T. Archer, Historical Perspectives on the Study of Aversively Motivated Behavior: History and New Look. Part II:Perspectives on the Determinants of Hedonic Value (Taste-Aversion Learning). J. Garcia, Food for Tolman: Cognition and Cathexis in Concert. P.O. Sj d n, T. Archer, Taste-Aversion Conditioning: The Role of Contextual Stimuli. F. Berm dez-Rattoni, M.A. S nches, R.A. Prado-Alcal , Learning of External and Visceral Cue Consequences May Be Subserved by Different Neuroanatomical Substrates. Part III:Clinical Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. K. Hugdahl, Human Pavlovian Aversive Conditioning: Effects of Brain Asymmetry and Stimulus Lateralization. A. hman, U. Dimberg, F. Esteves, Preattentive Activation of Aversive Emotions. S. Mineka, A.J. Tomarken, The Role of Cognitive Biases in the Origins and Maintenances of Fear and Anxiety Disorders. Part IV:Neurobiological Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. J.L. McGaugh, I.B. Introini-Collison, A.H. Naghara, L. Cahill, Involvement of the Amygdala in Hormonal and Neurotransmitter Interactions in the Modulation of Memory Storage. R.F. Thompson, The Essential Memory Trace Circuit and the Essential Reinforcement System for a Basic Form of Associative Learning. R.J. Beninger, The Role of Serotonin and Dopamine in Learning to Avoid Aversive Stimuli. Part V:Cognitive Perspectives. S-A. Christianson, L-G. Nilsson, Hysterical Amnesia: A Case of Aversively Motivated Isolation of Memory. E.F. Loftus, S-A. Christianson, Malleability of Memory for Emotional Events. M.W. Eysenck, Anxiety and Cognition: Theory and Research. Part VI:Neuroethological Perspectives on Aversively Motivated Behavior. G. Bignami, To Go or Not to Go in Aversive Paradigms: Preparedness and Other Questions. Part VII:Methodological and Conceptual Perspectives on Aversive Conditioning. R.A. Boakes, How One Might Find Evidence for Conditioning in Adult Humans. R.M. Church, The Yoked Control Design. T. Sagvolden, Experimental Designs in Behavioral Studies. Part VIII:Summary and Integration. L-G. Nilsson, T. Archer, Aversively Motivated Behavior: Which Are the Perspectives?
Johnsoniana from the Bagshawe Muniments in the John Rylands Library: Sir James Caldwell, Dr Hawkesworth, Dr. Johnson, and Boswell‘s use of the Caldwell Minute (1952)

"Johnsoniana from the Bagshawe Muniments in the John Rylands Library: Sir James Caldwell, Dr Hawkesworth, Dr. Johnson, and Boswell‘s use of the Caldwell Minute" published on Sep 1952 by Manchester University Press.
On the role of 17 alpha‐estradiol and 17 beta‐estradiol in the proliferation of MCF7 and T47D‐A11 human breast tumor cells (1985)

Abstract A comparative study of the proliferative effect of 17 beta‐estradiol and 17 alpha‐estradiol on human estrogen‐sensitive cell lines was performed. When using charcoal‐dextran stripped human female sera‐supplemented media the administration of the hormones, 17 alpha‐estradiol at 3 × 10 −10 M, and 17 beta‐estradiol at 3 × 10 −11 M, resulted in a ten‐fold increase in cell yield when compared with non‐estrogen supplemented controls after cells were grown for periods between 10 to 14 days. No significant metabolization of 17 alpha‐estradiol into 17 beta‐estradiol occurred as measured by the E 2 levels in the supernatants of the cell culture flasks. Increased concentrations of 17 beta‐estradiol and 17 alpha‐estradiol added to the media bathing C 7 MCF7‐173 cells resulted in a triggering of a partially successful shut‐off effect; this phenomenon was not observed with T47D‐All cells. These results are compatible with predictions stemming from the indirect and direct negative working hypothesis for the regulation of cell proliferation.
Correction: Sporadic Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Caused by Mutations in PCDH19 Resembles Dravet Syndrome but Mainly Affects Females (2009)

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a genetically determined epileptic encephalopathy mainly caused by de novo mutations in the SCN1A gene. Since 2003, we have performed molecular analyses in a large series of patients with DS, 27% of whom were negative for mutations or rearrangements in SCN1A. In order to identify new genes responsible for the disorder in the SCN1A-negative patients, 41 probands were screened for micro-rearrangements with Illumina high-density SNP microarrays. A hemizygous deletion on chromosome Xq22.1, encompassing the PCDH19 gene, was found in one male patient. To confirm that PCDH19 is responsible for a Dravet-like syndrome, we sequenced its coding region in 73 additional SCN1Anegative patients. Nine different point mutations (four missense and five truncating mutations) were identified in 11 unrelated female patients. In addition, we demonstrated that the fibroblasts of our male patient were mosaic for the PCDH19 deletion. Patients with PCDH19 and SCN1A mutations had very similar clinical features including the association of early febrile and afebrile seizures, seizures occurring in clusters, developmental and language delays, behavioural disturbances, and cognitive regression. There were, however, slight but constant differences in the evolution of the patients, including fewer polymorphic seizures (in particular rare myoclonic jerks and atypical absences) in those with PCDH19 mutations. These results suggest that PCDH19 plays a major role in epileptic encephalopathies, with a clinical spectrum overlapping that of DS. This disorder mainly affects females. The identification of an affected mosaic male strongly supports the hypothesis that cellular interference is the pathogenic mechanism.
Thermal testing on programmable logic devices (2002)

In this work, an FPGA-oriented temperature monitoring scheme is presented. A control circuit enables a ring-oscillator during a short period and measures its output frequency, a magnitude that is a function of the die temperature. Several sensors have been constructed using Xilinx chips, obtaining sensitivities between 17 kHz per /spl deg/C and 77 kHz per /spl deg/C. The characterization of self-heating, matching between identical sensors, power supply dependence and detection of signal contentions have also been performed. The usefulness of other chip resources as thermal transducers, like the built-in OSC4 cell or the IOB clamping diodes, has also been verified. The use of ring-oscillators convert the FPGAs in a powerful tool for researchers interested in thermal modeling of integrated circuits. Just the possibility of "moving" a sensor (or an array of them) over the die, in a simple, fast, and inexpensive way, is almost impossible in any other VLSI technology.
Plasma frequency reduction factors in electron beams (1955)

The electron plasma frequency reduction factor has proved to be a fundamental design parameter in all types of microwave tubes employing long electron beams. This factor is here calculated for a variety of beam shapes and drift-tube cross sections, and the results are presented in a series of graphs. One interesting result is that the reduction factor for an annular beam depends primarily on the width of the annulus and is relatively independent of the radius of curvature of the beam.
Real-time solution measurement of RAD51- and RecA-mediated strand assimilation without background annealing (2013)

RAD51 is the central strand exchange recombinase in somatic homologous recombination, providing genomic stability and promoting resistance to DNA damage. An important tool for mechanistic studies of RAD51 is the D-loop or strand assimilation assay, which measures the ability of RAD51-coated single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to search for, invade and exchange ssDNA strands with a homologous duplex DNA target. As cancer cells generally overexpress RAD51, the D-loop assay has also emerged as an important tool in oncologic drug design programs for targeting RAD51. Previous studies have adapted the traditional gel-based D-loop assay by using fluorescence-based substrates, which in principle allow for use in high-throughput screening platforms. However, these existing D-loop methods depend on linear oligonucleotide DNA duplex targets, and these substrates enable recombinase-independent ssDNA annealing that can obscure the recombinase-dependent strand assimilation signal. This compelled us to fundamentally re-design this assay, using a fluorescent target substrate that consists of a covalently closed linear double-hairpin dsDNA. This new microplate-based method represents a fast, inexpensive and non-radioactive alternative to existing D-loop assays. It provides accurate kinetic analysis of strand assimilation in high-throughput and performs well with human RAD51 and Escherichia coli RecA protein. This advance will aid in both mechanistic studies of homologous recombination and drug screening programs.
Reliability of Active-Matrix Organic Light-Emitting-Diode Arrays With Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistor Backplanes on Clear Plastic (2008)

We have fabricated active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) test arrays on an optically clear high-temperature flexible plastic substrate at process temperatures as high as 285 degC using amorphous silicon thin-film transistors (a-Si TFTs). The substrate transparency allows for the operation of AMOLED pixels as bottom-emission devices, and the improved stability of the a-Si TFTs processed at higher temperatures significantly improves the reliability of the light emission over time.