gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pharmacology of ACE inhibitors versus AT1 blockers. (2000)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers share a number of common properties, including their ability to lower blood pressure. However, they can be differentiated based on their individual effects on the renin-angiotensin system, the fibrinolytic system and the actions of bradykinin. They act at different points in the cascade of events that constitute the renin-angiotensin system. In animal models of atherosclerosis, ACE inhibition was associated with a significant reduction in the percentage surface area of lesions, while no similar effect was evident with AT1 receptor blockade. In the fibrinolytic system, both ACE inhibition and AT1 receptor blockade were associated with reduced aldosterone levels, although the effect was greater with ACE inhibition; only ACE inhibition was associated with a significant reduction in plasminogen activation inhibitor-1. By blocking the degradation of bradykinin, ACE inhibitors potentiate the ability of bradykinin to reduce blood pressure and stimulate the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator from the vasculature, an effect not seen with AT1 receptor blockers.
Static test-stand performance of the YF-102 turbofan engine with several exhaust configurations for the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) (1979)

The performance of a YF-102 turbofan engine was measured in an outdoor test stand with a bellmouth inlet and seven exhaust-system configurations. The configurations consisted of three separate-flow systems of various fan and core nozzle sizes and four confluent-flow systems of various nozzle sizes and shapes. A computer program provided good estimates of the engine performance and of thrust at maximum rating for each exhaust configuration. The internal performance of two different-shaped core nozzles for confluent-flow configurations was determined to be satisfactory. Pressure and temperature surveys were made with a traversing probe in the exhaust-nozzle flow for some confluent-flow configurations. The survey data at the mixing plane, plus the measured flow rates, were used to calculate the static-pressure variation along the exhaust nozzle length. The computed pressures compared well with experimental wall static-pressure data. External-flow surveys were made, for some confluent-flow configurations, with a large fixed rake at various locations in the exhaust plume.
Warning from British Columbia (1975)

NHS family planning services SIR,-In the BM7 (19 July, p 185) it is re- ported that "the profession's negotiators [our italics] and the DHSS have agreed a scheme for the provision of family planning services through the hospital service, for all FP work, whether of medical or social origin."We are astonished that there has been, as yet, minimal medical or public reaction to this retrograde proposal.It is the feeling of the undersigned staff of the obstetrical and gynaecological department in Aberdeen that this scheme is indisputably bad.The reasons for its introduction are far from obvious and the advantages in terms of patient care are difficult to define.Furthermore, it may turm out to have a dangerously disruptive effect among different grades of staff in many gynaecological and anaesthetic departments, including theatre staff and porters.It seems ludicrous for a health service short of money in a time of rapid inflation to put out extra money to its highest paid workers.This is all apart from the questionable morality of the scheme and the inevitable difficulties it will present in the counselling of patients who seek unbiased family planning advice.
A Novel Genetic Algorithm for Designing Mimetic Peptides That Interfere with the Function of a Target Molecule (2002)

We designed a new computer program (MIMETIC), which generates a series of peptides for interaction with a target peptide sequence. The genetic algorithm employed ranks the sequences obtained from one generation to the next by "goodness of fit" to the target. MIMETIC designed recognition peptides to various regions of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Among ten peptide candidates synthesized, three inhibited reverse transcription in vitro. TLMA2993 and PSTW1594 both targeted the connection domain of reverse transcriptase and ESLA2340 targeted the thumb domain.
Technique for detecting and evaluating breast lesions. (1994)

A sonographic method is described that provides additional information concerning ultrasonic tissue properties. It allows simplified interpretation and eventually might permit automatization. In this technique a totally reflecting plate is used as an indicator for presence of breast lesions because such lesions cause changes of reflectivity, attenuation, and velocity when exposed to ultrasound beams. Twenty-seven benign lesions and 33 malignancies were examined with this method.
Water-Soluble Polymer Exfoliated Graphene: As Catalyst Support and Sensor (2013)

In this paper, we obtained various water-soluble polymer functionalized graphene in dimethyl sulfoxide under ultrasonication. The atomic force microscope analysis and control experiment shows the water-soluble polymer is the crucial part to help solvent molecules separate interlayer. Such polymer/graphene exhibits high conductivity and tunable surface property, as confirmed by the selected area electron diffraction and Raman and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. As a result, a catalyst based on polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)/graphene shows better methanol oxidation performance than that based on PVP/reduced graphene oxide. By changing to another polymer, poly(4-vinylpyridine)/graphene shows a stable and reversible response to pH, and demonstrates its potential for sensor application.
An integral program for tissue renewal and regeneration: Wnt signaling and stem cell control (2014)

Stem cells fuel tissue development, renewal, and regeneration, and these activities are controlled by the local stem cell microenvironment, the "niche." Wnt signals emanating from the niche can act as self-renewal factors for stem cells in multiple mammalian tissues. Wnt proteins are lipid-modified, which constrains them to act as short-range cellular signals. The locality of Wnt signaling dictates that stem cells exiting the Wnt signaling domain differentiate, spatially delimiting the niche in certain tissues. In some instances, stem cells may act as or generate their own niche, enabling the self-organization of patterned tissues. In this Review, we discuss the various ways by which Wnt operates in stem cell control and, in doing so, identify an integral program for tissue renewal and regeneration.
Feasibility study of multispectral photoacoustic coded excitation using orthogonal unipolar Golay codes (2009)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a new imaging modality based on the generation of ultrasound in biological tissue by laser irradiation. It would be desirable to use laser diodes as excitation sources for PA since they are less expensive and more compact than commonly used Nd:YAG lasers. Laser diodes exhibit a higher pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and a lower pulse energy compared to Nd:YAG lasers. In order to increase the SNR of PA imaging using laser diodes, we propose multispectral photoacoustic coded excitation (MS-PACE) based on orthogonal unipolar Golay codes (OUGC). This concept allows acquiring photoacoustic data generated by two laser diodes at two different wavelengths simultaneously and separating them afterwards. The SNR gain and coding gain compared to time equivalent averaging is analytically derived. Furthermore, the feasibility of the concept is experimentally verified. Two laser diodes, emitting light at 850 nm and 905 nm, are triggered according the OUGC scheme. They irradiate a metal slab. The resulting PA signals are acquired using a reconfigured clinical ultrasound system with an 128 element linear array. The data are decoded and images are formed using a delay-and-sum algorithm. Using an 8 bit sequence the SNR is increased by 8.68 dB (905 nm) and 8.87 dB (850 nm). These results are in good agreement with the theoretical SNR gain of 9.03 dB. The resulting images allow a clear discrimination of both wavelengths, demonstrating the feasibility of MS-PACE using OUGC.
Endogenous cellulases in animals: Isolation of β-1,4-endoglucanase genes from two species of plant-parasitic cyst nematodes (1998)

beta-1,4-Endoglucanases (EGases, EC 3.2.1.4) degrade polysaccharides possessing beta-1,4-glucan backbones such as cellulose and xyloglucan and have been found among extremely variegated taxonomic groups. Although many animal species depend on cellulose as their main energy source, most omnivores and herbivores are unable to produce EGases endogenously. So far, all previously identified EGase genes involved in the digestive system of animals originate from symbiotic microorganisms. Here we report on the synthesis of EGases in the esophageal glands of the cyst nematodes Globodera rostochiensis and Heterodera glycines. From each of the nematode species, two cDNAs were characterized and hydrophobic cluster analysis revealed that the four catalytic domains belong to family 5 of the glycosyl hydrolases (EC 3.2.1, 3.2.2, and 3.2.3). These domains show 37-44% overall amino acid identity with EGases from the bacteria Erwinia chrysanthemi, Clostridium acetobutylicum, and Bacillus subtilis. One EGase with a bacterial type of cellulose-binding domain was identified for each nematode species. The leucine-rich hydrophobic core of the signal peptide and the presence of a polyadenylated 3' end precluded the EGases from being of bacterial origin. Cyst nematodes are obligatory plant parasites and the identified EGases presumably facilitate the intracellular migration through plant roots by partial cell wall degradation.
Exploiting unused periodic time for aperiodic service using the extended priority exchange algorithm (2003)

Real-time scheduling algorithms that provide responsive aperiodic service in the presence of hard real-time periodic tasks require the creation of a high-priority periodic server task for servicing aperiodic requests. The authors describe the extended priority exchange algorithm, which can provide better aperiodic response than previous aperiodic service algorithms, particularly for cases where the worst-case periodic load is high and little or no utilization is left for a server task. The extended-priority-exchange (EPE) algorithm attains better aperiodic responsiveness by exploiting unused time allocated to periodic tasks for aperiodic service. The average aperiodic response times for the EPE algorithm and four other aperiodic service algorithms (background, polling, deferrable server, and priority exchange) are compared for a range of periodic and aperiodic loads. Simulation results show that for a difference between the average and worst-case periodic load of only 12.5%, the EPE algorithm provides significantly better response times for aperiodic tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Midazolam as an anticonvulsant antidote for organophosphate intoxication—A pharmacotherapeutic appraisal (2015)

In experimental models, midazolam is effective when given at the onset of seizures caused by nerve agents. However, benzodiazepines are less effective at terminating seizures when given 30 min or later after OP exposure or seizure onset, likely because of internalization or downregulation of synaptic, but not extrasynaptic, GABAA receptors, which can lead to diminished potency and seizure recurrence.
Esterified cholesterol and triglyceride are present in plasma membranes of Chinese hamster ovary cells (1992)

The chemical composition of highly purified plasma membrane preparations from a series of malignant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines were undertaken to ascertain if neutral lipid, including cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol, were present. Triacylglycerols (33-41 nmol/mg total lipid) and cholesteryl ester (226-271 nmol/mg) were measured in the plasma membranes and differences in the chemical composition of these membranes recorded. The most significant difference was a gradual decrease in the level of free cholesterol from wild type (312 +/- 7 nmol/mg total plasma membrane lipid), Pod RII-6 (268 +/- 64 nmol/mg total plasma membrane lipid), Col R-22 (243 +/- 39 nmol/mg total plasma membrane lipid) to EOT (204 +/- 20 nmol/mg total plasma membrane lipid), with a concomitant increase in the degree of saturation of the cholesteryl ester fatty acids, particularly palmitic acid. No statistically significant differences were apparent in the chemical composition of the whole cells in this series. The one-dimensional (1D) 1H-NMR spectra of the four malignant cell lines showed a gradation in intensity of lipid resonances, in the order of wild type, Pod RII-6, Col R-22 and EOT, with EOT having the strongest lipid spectrum. Interestingly, the increase in acyl-chain signal intensities in the 1H-NMR spectra of this series of CHO cells and emergence of signals from cholesterol and/or cholesteryl ester, coincide with alterations in the amount of free cholesterol and the degree of saturation of the fatty-acyl chain of the esterified cholesterol in the plasma membranes. It is our hypothesis that, together, cholesteryl ester and triacylglycerol form domains in the plasma membrane and that when the cholesteryl ester has a largely saturated fatty acid content, the lipids are in isotropic liquid phase and hence visible by NMR.
The Free Haven Project: Distributed Anonymous Storage Service. (2000)

The Free Haven Project is a design for a system of anonymous storage which resists the attempts of powerful adversaries to find or destroy stored data. We explicitly specify requirements for such a storage system and enumerate distinct notions of anonymity. We suggest a way to classify anonymous systems based on the kinds of anonymity provided. Accountability of servers is explicitly addressed through the use of a &quot;trust network,&quot; which attempts to limit the damage done by misbehaving servers. Design choices common to several anonymous storage and publication systems are identified. We end by identifying possible attacks, defenses, and future questions.
Stragglers of the herd get eaten (2010)

The first GSM standard was published in 1989 [10], fully two decades ago. Since then, cryptanalysis has weakened or broken significant parts of the original specification. Yet many of these compromised pieces remain in common use, particularly throughout the developing world.
Wireless Home Automation using social networking websites (2014)

With the advent of Internet of Things, Wireless Home Automation Systems (WHAS) are gradually gaining popularity. These systems are faced with multiple challenges such as security; controlling a variety of home appliances with a single interface and user-friendliness. In this paper we propose a system that employs secure authentication systems of social networking websites such as Twitter, tracks the end-user's activities on the social network, based on which; it controls his/her domestic appliances. At the end, we highlight applications of the proposed WHAS and compare the advantages of our proposed methodology over its conventional counterpart(s).
Role of Transient Receptor Potential A1 in Gastric Nociception (2010)

Afferent fibers innervating the gastrointestinal tract have major roles in consciously evoked sensations including pain. However, little is known about the molecules involved in mechanonociception from the upper gastrointestinal tract. We recently reported that activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade in primary afferent neurons, was induced by noxious gastric distention in the rat, and that the activation of ERK1/2 in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons can be implicated in acute visceral pain. Transient receptor potential (TRP) A1, a member of the TRP family of cation channels, was expressed in both DRG and nodose ganglion (NG) neurons innervating the stomach and in nerve fibers in the gastric wall. TRPA1 was coexpressed with ERK1/2 in gastric primary afferent neurons, and attenuation of TRPA1 activation using antisense peptides and a specific blocker led to suppression of both ERK1/2 activation and visceromotor responses. TRPA1 also significantly colocalized with substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the thoracolumbar DRG, NG and stomach. These data indicate that SP and CGRP may also be released by TRPA1 activation in primary afferent neurons to elicit neurogenic inflammation and promote visceral hyperalgesia.
Consensus pan-genome assembly of the specialised wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni (2016)

By assembling a consensus pan-genome from a large number of strains, this study provides a tool for researchers to readily compare protein-coding genes across strains and infer functional relationships between genes in conserved syntenic regions. This establishes a foundation for further genetic, and thus phenotypic, research of this industrially-important species.
Comparison of the noise attenuation of three audiometric earphones, with additional data on masking near threshold (1989)

The noise-excluding properties of a standard supra-aural audiometric earphone, a widely used circumaural-supra-aural combination, and an insert earphone sealed to the ear with a vinyl foam eartip were measured in a diffuse-field room complying with ANSI S12.6-1984. Data on attenuation were obtained monaurally with the nontest ear plugged and muffed. Results for the supra-aural earphones generally agreed well with previously reported measurements. A broadband masking noise was used to directly test the ANSI S3.1-1977 permissible background noise levels for measuring to audiometric zero using standard audiometric earphones. This "ANSI noise" raised the average thresholds of 15 normal-hearing test subjects by 3 to 5 dB at the octave frequencies from 500 to 4000 Hz. With a noise conforming to the less stringent OSHA-1983 regulation, average thresholds were elevated 9 to 17 dB. An "ENT office noise" with an overall sound level of 54 dBA raised average thresholds even further, by as much as 29 dB at 500 Hz. Use of the circumaural system in the office noise limited the threshold elevation to 11, 5, 2, and 0 dB at the four octave frequencies tested. With the fully ("deeply") inserted foam eartips, the threshold elevation in the simulated office noise was 2 dB or less at all test frequencies. Actual threshold elevations agreed closely with predictions based on a critical ratio calculation utilizing measured sound field noise levels and measured earphone attenuation values.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Size and Cardiovascular Disease: A Reappraisal (2003)

The major lipoprotein types, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), are composed of many subgroups (1–3). Classifications are based on size (1), density, or apolipoprotein (apo) content (2), or a combination of these (3), and the subfractions that are isolated have distinct metabolic and other functional properties. Thus, it is entirely reasonable to think that subfractions of the major lipoproteins have diverse relationships to coronary heart disease (CHD). Because the classical lipid risk factors by no means perfectly predict CHD in patients, lipoprotein subfractionation has the potential to improve risk prediction.
BioSAKE: Biometrics-based secure authentication and key exchange (2013)

Biometric authentication is yet to find widespread acceptance in applications requiring authentication between a remote client and server (e.g., electronic commerce). This is partly because the biometric authentication process can be circumvented through attacks on the communication interfaces or on the stored biometric templates. In this paper, we propose a biometrics-based protocol for secure authentication and key exchange between a client and a server. The proposed BioSAKE protocol is based on key-binding biometric cryptosystems and satisfies the following requirements: (i) mutual authentication between the client and the server, (ii) secure exchange of a session key between the two entities, (iii) minimal leakage of biometric information from stored credentials, and (iv) revocability of stored credentials. A detailed security analysis of the BioSAKE protocol has also been presented. Experiments on public-domain fingerprint and iris databases demonstrate the practical feasibility of the BioSAKE protocol.
The FLP protein contacts both major and minor grooves of its recognition target sequence (1992)

The FLP protein of the 2 microns plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae promotes conservative site-specific recombination between DNA sequences that contain the FLP recognition target (FRT). FLP binds to each of the three 13 base pair symmetry elements in the FRT site in a site-specific manner. We have probed both major and minor groove contacts of FLP using dimethyl sulphate, monoacetyl-4-hydroxyaminoquinoline 1-oxide and potassium permanganate and find that the protein displays extensive interactions with residues of both the major and minor grooves of 10 base pairs of each symmetry element. We find no evidence that the FRT site assumes a single-stranded conformation upon FLP binding.
The Kinetics of the Reaction of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin) with Benzohydroxamic Acid<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Kinetics of the Reaction of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin) with Benzohydroxamic Acid1Ronald Swidler and George M. SteinbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 15, 3594–3598Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01596a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01596a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts