gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mortality Among Industrial Workers Exposed to Formaldehyde (1986)

A historical cohort study evaluated the mortality experience of 26,561 workers employed in 10 formaldehyde-producing or -using facilities. Approximately 600,000 person-years of follow-up accrued as workers were followed to January 1, 1980. Estimates of historical exposure to formaldehyde by job were developed by project industrial hygienists using monitoring data available from participating plants, comments from long-term workers, and comprehensive monitoring data specifically collected for this study. Mortality from all causes combined was about as expected [standardized mortality ratio (SMR) = 96] based on mortality rates of the general U.S. population. Significantly fewer deaths occurred from infective and parasitic diseases (SMR = 51) and from accidents (SMR = 72) than expected. Cancer overall was not related to formaldehyde exposure. Workers exposed to formaldehyde had slight excesses for Hodgkin's disease and cancers of the lung and prostate gland, but these excesses were not consistently related to duration of or average, cumulative, or peak formaldehyde exposure levels. Recent animal studies found nasal cancer among rats exposed to formaldehyde, but no excess of this tumor occurred in this study. Mortality from brain cancer and leukemia among these industrial workers was not excessive in contrast to reported excesses among professional groups (e.g., anatomists, embalmers, and pathologists) with exposure to formaldehyde. Although there was a deficit for cancer of the buccal cavity and pharynx, mortality from certain subsites, i.e., the nasopharynx and oropharynx, was elevated. These subsites did not, however, show a consistently rising risk with level of exposure. These data provide little evidence that mortality from cancer is associated with formaldehyde exposure at levels experienced by workers in this study.
Optical Computing: Digital and Symbolic (1989)

The fundamentals and practical applications of this new technology, what some consider the wave of the future. Highlights devices, architectures, and algorithms particularly well suited to both digital and symbolic optical computing and provides illustrations, tables, and display equations to clarif
Tricyclic analogues of the antiallergic agent oxatomide: 1-(3-(4-(10,11-Dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene-5-yl)-1-piperazinyl)propyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazol-2-one and the related 6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]thiepin, 4,9-dihydrothieno[2,3-c]-2-benzothiepin, and 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,f]thiepin derivatives (1988)

11-Chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,e ]thiepin and its 2-methyl derivative VI were transformed via the 11-(4-ethoxycarbonyl)-1-piperazinyl) compounds IVc and Vc to 11-(1-piperazinyl)compounds IVb and Vb . Their reactions with 1-(3-chloropropyl)-1,3-dihydro-2 H -benzimidazol-2-one ( II ) afforded the title compounds IVa and IVb . Similar reactions and sequences in the series of 10,11-dihydro-5 H -dibenzo[ a,d ]cycloheptene, 4,9-dihydrothieno[2,3- c ]-2-benzothiepin, and 10,11-dihydrodibenzo[ b,f ]thiepin led to further oxatomide ( Ia ) analogues IIIa and VIIa-XIa . In the test of passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in rats, compound VIIIa was more active than Ia , and IVa had similar activity like Ia .
Progression, Stagnation, Regression — Zur Entwicklung der moralischen Urteilskompetenz während der kaufmännischen Berufsausbildung (2001)

Während die intellektuelle Entwicklung des Menschen am Ende des zweiten Lebensjahrzehnts — etwas pauschal gesagt — weitestgehend abgeschlossen ist, bleibt die Kompetenz zur Beurteilung von sozialen Konfliktlagen auch darüber hinaus sensibel für veränderungsstimulierende Einflüsse. So sehen es beim gegenwärtigen Stand der Forschung viele Autoren (vgl. den Überblick bei Beck 1998 sowie Kohlberg/Levine/Hewer 1984/1996, 220; Colby/Kohlberg 1987a; Oser/Althof 1992, Damon 1989). An der Studie, über die wir im folgenden berichten, zeigt sich dieser Sachverhalt — so viel sei hier schon vorweggenommen — erneut, allerdings in einer Weise, die mit den Erwartungen jener Autoren in wichtigen Punkten nicht übereinstimmt.
Approximation algorithms for classification problems with pairwise relationships: metric labeling and Markov random fields (2003)

In a traditional classification problem, we wish to assign one of k labels (or classes) to each of n objects, in a way that is consistent with some observed data that we have about the problem. An active line of research in this area is concerned with classification when one has information about pairwise relationships among the objects to be classified; this issue is one of the principal motivations for the framework of Markov random fields, and it arises in areas such as image processing, biometry: and document analysis. In its most basic form, this style of analysis seeks a classification that optimizes a combinatorial function consisting of assignment costs-based on the individual choice of label we make for each object-and separation costs-based on the pair of choices we make for two "related" objects. We formulate a general classification problem of this type, the metric labeling problem; we show that it contains as special cases a number of standard classification frameworks, including several arising from the theory of Markov random fields. From the perspective of combinatorial optimization, our problem can be viewed as a substantial generalization of the multiway cut problem, and equivalent to a type of uncapacitated quadratic assignment problem. We provide the first non-trivial polynomial-time approximation algorithms for a general family of classification problems of this type. Our main result is an O(log k log log k)-approximation algorithm for the metric labeling problem, with respect to an arbitrary metric on a set of k labels, and an arbitrary weighted graph of relationships on a set of objects. For the special case in which the labels are endowed with the uniform metric-all distances are the same-our methods provide a 2-approximation.
Solitons (1998)

What should an experimentalist do, arriving at a university with virtually no research equipment? Placed in this situation when I arrive here in 1958, I found water waves.
How Automated Recommendations Affect the Playlist Creation Behavior of Users (2018)

International audience
Real-time 3D ultrasound with multiple transducer arrays (2005)

Modifications were made to a commercial real time 3D ultrasound system for near simultaneous 3D scanning with two 2D array transducers. As a first illustration, a transducer cable assembly was modified to incorporate two independent 3D intracardiac echo catheters, a 7 Fr (2.3 mm O.D.) side scanning catheter and a 14 Fr (4.7 mm O.D) forward viewing catheter with tool port, each using 85 channels operating at 5 MHz. For applications in treatment of atrial fibrillation, the goal is to implant the side-viewing catheter within the coronary sinus to view the whole left atrium including left pulmonary veins. Meanwhile the forward viewing catheter inserted within the left atrium is directed toward the os of a pulmonary vein for therapy using the integrated tool port. Using pre-loaded phasing data, the scanner switches between catheters automatically at the push of a button with a delay of about 1 second so that the clinician can view the therapy catheter with the coronary sinus catheter and vice versa. In the future, the system will switch between 3D probes on a frame-by-frame basis. We may also test the feasibility of image fusion using multiple 3D cardiac scans.
Synthesis and Implementation of Virtual Bass System with a Phase-Vocoder Approach* (2006)

A bass enhancement technique based on a phase-vocoder approach is presented. Instead of direct bass boosting, the proposed method creates a bass impression by exploiting the psychoacoustic properties of humans. This technique is most useful in audio reproduction using small loudspeakers that have no low-frequency capability, where direct boosting will likely result in nonlinear distortions. In light of psychoacoustics, the bass effect is synthesized by augmenting the original signals with high-frequency harmonics. Unlike conventional methods that rely on nonlinear processing, the proposed method performs the required frequency transformation by using a phase-vocoder approach. Apart from frequency transformation, another key element of the proposed technique is the magnitude adjustment of the generated harmonics. The underlying principle for magnitude adjustment is based on a polynomial model of equal-loudness contours. The method is implemented on a digital signal processor with the aid of multirate signal processing. To validate the proposed technique, objective and subjective experiments are conducted for PC multimedia loudspeakers and handset loudspeakers. The subjective listening experiment followed the procedure of multistimuli with the hidden reference and anchor (MUSHRA), and the data were analyzed by using the multianalysis of variance (MANOVA) method. As indicated by the results, the proposed technique proved effective in rendering bass impression with acceptable audio quality.
Decision support systems based on knowledge management (2005)

Knowledge management is the new phrase of modern enterprise management theory and it challenges the traditional information management means which can not fulfill the needs of knowledge management any more. This dissertation tries to analyze the position and function of decision support system based on knowledge management, puts forward a logical model of decision support system based on knowledge management, and gives an analysis and evaluation of its key technologies.
A simple four-port parasitic deembedding methodology for high-frequency scattering parameter and noise characterization of SiGe HBTs (2003)

A new four-port scattering parameter (S-parameter) and broad-band noise deembedding methodology is presented. This deembedding technique considers distributed on-wafer parasitics in the millimeter-wave band (f>30GHz). The procedure is based on simple analytical calculations and requires no equivalent circuit modeling or electromagnetic simulations. Detailed four-port system analysis and deembedding expressions are derived. Comparisons between this new method and the industry-standard "open-short" method were made using measured and simulated data on state-of-the-art SiGe HBTs with a maximum cutoff frequency of approximately 180 GHz. The comparison demonstrates that better accuracy is achieved using this new four-port method. Based on a combination of measurements and HP-ADS simulations, we also show that this new technique can be used to accurately extract the S-parameters and broad-band noise characteristics to frequencies above 100 GHz.
Unique Character Instances for Crowds (2009)

Real-time crowd simulations are realistic only if each human instance looks unique. A proposed solution varies the shape of human instances by attaching accessories. It also modifies the instances' appearance with a generic technique based on segmentation maps that can generate detailed color variety and patterns.
Protamine-reactive natural IgM antibodies in human sera. Characterization of the epitope demonstrates specificity of antigenic recognition; occurrence indicates obscurity of origin and function. (1988)

We have identified a set of natural IgM antibodies in human serum that are reactive with protamines, a class of low molecular weight basic nucleoproteins that are synthesized de novo in the postpubertal testis and are unique to sperm. Those antibodies were detected by ELISA in significant titer in all of 100 sera of normal adult males and females and in 26 of 28 sera of normal pediatrics aged 7 d to 2 yr. Commonality between the protamine-reactive IgM antibodies of pediatric and adult sera was established by the demonstration of similarity in antigen recognition and reaction kinetics. Therefore, the role of protamines as either immunogenic stimulus or antigenic target of that set of natural antibodies is not likely. The antigenic site recognized by the protein-reactive serum IgM antibodies was characterized by comparison with the pattern of antigen recognition by a monoclonal antibody to human sperm protamines (HPmAb). By the use of synthetic peptides simulating the amino acid sequences of various segments of human protamine 2 and of polyarginine, polylysine, and histones as test antigens, the principle characteristic of the antigenic site recognized by both HPmAb and the serum IgM antibodies was inferred to be that of clustered arginyl residues with an apparent minimum requirement of four arginyl residues, including a triplet, within a six residue piece; for both, the reaction was shown to be not dependent upon charge attraction. A series of immunoabsorption procedures indicated that the protamine-reactive serum IgM antibodies are a discrete set with a high order of specificity. A search of protein data bases revealed that the putative minimum epitope is present in four or five human autogenous proteins, all moieties of the immune system, and in a number of viral proteins. The possible implications of those findings are discussed in the light of early hypotheses concerning the origin and function of natural antibodies and the many recent reports of identification of natural antibodies in normal human sera. The set of natural antibodies identified in this study may be unique or may represent a class of antibodies present in the repertoire that, by virtue of the obscurity of their origin or function, have not been previously or extensively recognized.
Effect of Tl$^{+}$ and Sm$^{2+}$ Concentrations on Afterglow Suppression in CsI:Tl, Sm Crystals (2012)

While the CsI:Tl scintillator is the material of choice for many medical and industrial applications, its use in rapid framing applications (such as CT) has been hampered by its long term persistence or afterglow. We have previously reported that the addition of Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> and Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ions reduces this afterglow component, but with unpredictable consequences to the light output. Here we report on CsI:Tl crystals grown by the Bridgman technique in which both Tl and Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> dopant levels were varied in order to optimize both the light output and afterglow suppression. Thallium levels were varied from 0.01-0.5 mol% and Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> from 0.01-0.1 mol%, and crystals were evaluated in terms of light output by gamma excitation and photopeak position. Afterglow was measured after excitation with an X-ray source 100 ms in duration. The light output was found to increase with Tl concentration up to an optimal level of approximately 0.1%, with greater levels offering no improvement in light signal. The presence of Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> has little effect on light output, as long as the concentrations are low; at higher concentrations, however, light output was degraded due in part to the poor solubility of the Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> ion into the CsI crystal. Afterglow levels were optimal at Tl levels in the range from 0.04-0.1% regardless of Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> concentration, with an approximate five-fold reduction in afterglow with 0.02% Sm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> .
Development and Demonstration of a Stability Management System for Gas Turbine Engines (2006)

Rig and engine test processes and in-flight operation and safety for modern gas turbine engines can be greatly improved with the development of accurate on-line measurement to gauge the aerodynamic stability level for fans and compressors. This paper describes the development and application of a robust real time algorithm for gauging fan/compressor aerodynamic stability level using over-the-rotor dynamic pressure sensors. This real time scheme computes a correlation measure through signal multiplication and integration. The algorithm uses the existing speed signal from the engine control for cycle synchronization. The algorithm is simple and is implemented on a portable computer to facilitate rapid realtime implementation on different experimental platforms as demonstrated both on a full-scale high-speed compressor rig and on an advanced aircraft engine. In the multi-stage advanced compressor rig test, the compressor was moved toward stall at constant speed by closing a discharge valve. The stability management system was able to detect an impending stall and trigger opening of the valve so as to avoid compressor surge. In the full-scale engine test, the engine was configured with a one-per-rev distortion screen and transients were run with a significant amount of fuel enrichment to facilitate stall. Test data from a series of continuous rapid transients run in the engine test showed that in all cases the stability management system was able to detect an impending stall and manipulated the enrichment part of the fuel schedule to provide stall free transients.
Relevance of Different UGT1A1 Polymorphisms in Irinotecan-Induced Toxicity (2004)

The method we set up is suitable for the detection of UGT 1A1 polymorphism in routine practice before irinotecan treatment. It could help to detect the patients homozygous or heterozygous for Gilbert's syndrome, at-risk of CPT 11-induced toxicity, and thus could help to individualize the dose to optimize efficacy and limit toxicity.
First-Person Activity Recognition (2014)

With advances in sensing technology, automatic recognition of human activities has become a popular research topic. Miniaturised wearable devices can now collect and process the data during activities of daily living. Such technologies rely on algorithms that can effectively combine and interpret wearable sensor data to identify different activities. There are four contributions in this thesis based on a novel wearable device - `Smart Glasses'. The device is able to recognise the subjects' activities of daily living (ADLs) using their first-person vision and motion data. This system consists of a series of algorithms and models. Firstly, we develop first-person video feature extraction algorithms for egocentric vision. The method utilises the optical flow principle on consequent images and extracts the informative motion features, Secondly, we propose dynamic motion detection algorithms to automatically extract the `motion' from the first-person view. The algorithms, based on a Bayesian regression framework known as Gaussian Processes (GP), extract the dynamic portion and related motion tracks of the images. Thirdly, we present a Multi-Scale Conditional Random Field model, which can be applied on top of the conventional approaches. This allows the system to obtain multi-scale context from the sequence of activities. Furthermore, it also has the capacity to integrate multiple sensors into the same system, and potentially increase the system functions. Finally, all the designed algorithms are validated and tested on a wide range of populations, including healthy adults, elders and a mixed disabled patient population, aged between 22 to 89 years old. Our approaches achieve an overall accuracy of up to 89.59% and 84.45% over 12 ADLs for adults and the elderly, and up to 77.07% accuracy on 14 activities from the disabled patients.
Gold nanoparticles for cancer radiotherapy: a review (2016)

Radiotherapy is currently used in around 50% of cancer treatments and relies on the deposition of energy directly into tumour tissue. Although it is generally effective, some of the deposited energy can adversely affect healthy tissue outside the tumour volume, especially in the case of photon radiation (gamma and X-rays). Improved radiotherapy outcomes can be achieved by employing ion beams due to the characteristic energy deposition curve which culminates in a localised, high radiation dose (in form of a Bragg peak). In addition to ion radiotherapy, novel sensitisers, such as nanoparticles, have shown to locally increase the damaging effect of both photon and ion radiation, when both are applied to the tumour area. Amongst the available nanoparticle systems, gold nanoparticles have become particularly popular due to several advantages: biocompatibility, well-established methods for synthesis in a wide range of sizes, and the possibility of coating of their surface with a large number of different molecules to provide partial control of, for example, surface charge or interaction with serum proteins. This gives a full range of options for design parameter combinations, in which the optimal choice is not always clear, partially due to a lack of understanding of many processes that take place upon irradiation of such complicated systems. In this review, we summarise the mechanisms of action of radiation therapy with photons and ions in the presence and absence of nanoparticles, as well as the influence of some of the core and coating design parameters of nanoparticles on their radiosensitisation capabilities.
AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: a phase II study of liposomal doxorubicin. The TLC D-99 Study Group. (1999)

TLC D-99 is a unique liposomal formulation of doxorubicin that consists of phosphatidyl choline/cholesterol. The objectives of the study were to evaluate safety and efficacy of two doses of TLC D-99 in the treatment of patients with AIDS-related Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS). Forty HIV-infected persons with biopsy-proven KS were randomized to receive TLC D-99 at doses of either 10 (low) or 20 (high) mg/m2 every 2 weeks. Patients assigned to the low-dose arm could be escalated to the high-dose arm if their KS progressed after 3 cycles of therapy. Median age was 35 years (range, 26-47) and median CD4 count was 13 (range, 0-440). Nineteen patients were assigned to receive the low dose, and 21 patients were assigned to the high dose. Partial response occurred in 15% (6 of 40) of the patients or in 5% (1 of 19) and 24% (5 of 21) in the low- and high-dose arms, respectively; stable disease was observed in 65% (26 of 40) or in 68% (13 of 19) and 62% (13 of 21) in the low and high doses, respectively. Neutropenia was the major toxicity and was observed in 68 and 81% of patients with the low- and high-dose arms, respectively; grade 4 neutropenia was observed in 16 and 14%, respectively. Mild alopecia was noted in only 8%. Therefore, TLC D-99 is active against AIDS-related KS, and the response is dose-dependent.