gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring thermal conductivity of polystyrene nanowires using the dual-cantilever technique (2014)

Thermal conductance measurements are performed on individual polystyrene nanowires using a novel measurement technique in which the wires are suspended between two bi-material microcantilever sensors. The nanowires are fabricated via electrospinning process. Thermal conductivity of the nanowire samples is found to be between 6.6 and 14.4 W m(-1) K(-1) depending on sample, a significant increase above typical bulk conductivity values for polystyrene. The high strain rates characteristic of electrospinning are believed to lead to alignment of molecular polymer chains, and hence the increase in thermal conductivity, along the axis of the nanowire.
The Experience of Objects and the Objects of Experience (1997)

George Lakoff's (1987) work has been a major force in the recent effort to redefine the study of concept formation, semantics, metaphor, and ultimately all of scientific psychology. In place of the traditional objectivist account of these domains, Lakoff offered experientialism, a position that has become increasingly popular in a wide array of psychological subspecialties over the last several years. We believe that Lakoff's account of the relation between experientialism and objectivism is fundamentally flawed. The primary sources of the problem are an equivocation in his account of objectivism and a misunderstanding of the relation between classification schemes and truth. Moreover, we argue that a suitably sophisticated form of objectivism can subsume experience under its aegis (and that psychology might be impossible otherwise). In any case, we try to show that the alternative account of semantics he provided fails because it falls prey to precisely the same criticism he considered crucial to the refutation of traditional semantics.
Topological design of clock distribution networks based on non-zero clock skew specifications (2002)

A methodology is presented in this paper for designing clock distribution networks based on application dependent clock skew information. Contrary to previous approaches, the clock distribution network is designed such that the clock skew between two sequentially adjacent registers can be non-zero in order to maximize synchronous performance. The clock skew information is used to define the network topology and determine the delay values of the network branches. The design strategy for determining the topology of the clock distribution network considers the hierarchical description of the circuit to define the branching points of the clock tree. Algorithms to determine the optimal clock delay to each register and the network topology, given the non-zero clock skew specifications, are described and clock distribution networks are developed for example circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accommodating substructure similarity-based search in a recipe database system (2008)

Improving the precision of information retrieval has been a challenging issue on Chinese Web. As exemplified by Chinese recipes on the Web, it is not easy for people to use keywords (eg, recipe names) to search recipes, since the names of Chinese dishes can be literally so abstract that they do not bear much, if any, information on the underlying ingredients or cooking methods. In this paper, we investigate the underlying features of Chinese recipes, and based on workflow-like cooking processes, we model recipes as graphs. Benefiting from the characteristics of graphs, we mine frequent common patterns in a cooking graph database. We also propose a novel similarity measure based on the frequent patterns, and devise a novel filtering algorithm to prune unrelated data so as to support efficient and effective on-line searching.
An enterprise security search system based on multilevel sharing-group access control (2010)

With the development of internet and the build of enterprise information, enterprise information resources are integrated and enterprise search engines are built. They have been become a hot topic of enterprise information. LogicSQL is a high-level security database system, and it is independently developed. The development of enterprise internal search system is based on LogicSQL security database. We must utilize the information such as employees, customers and partners' knowledge and experience, but the security of the information should be controlled. Multilevel sharing-group access control is a good way to build a security system, and a complex problem will be divided into a number of small problems. Multilevel relationships between sharing-group have the function of the BLP model's "write-up and read-down" security policy. Information integrity control function such as the BIBA model is achieved by zoning sharing-group. When the users search the same content, they can have different search results in the enterprise security system. Enterprise information is made use of, and the security of the information is completed in the enterprise security search system.
Modelling marine particle dynamics with LTRANS-Zlev: implementation and validation (2020)

This paper presents the release of LTRANS-Zlev, which is a new version of the off-line Lagrangian ocean particle-tracking model LTRANS v.2b that is compatible with a Z-coordinate (constant-depth layers) discretization of the hydrodynamic equations. The model capitalizes on and massively extends the capabilities of the original code LTRANS, which is already quite popular, but can be used only adopting a sigma-coordinate (terrain-following layers) discretization. Among the additional features included in LTRANS-Zlev, there are the backward-in-time particle-tracking algorithm and some new customizable larval behaviour options. The new version also includes the OILTRANS-module for oil spill simulations. The new implementations were validated by using the output of the Z-coordinate Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) for an idealized case study describing a cyclonic gyre in a mid-latitude closed basin. Another test-case, in which larval dispersal is modelled in the northern Adriatic Sea, illustrates some of the new features of LTRANS-Zlev.
Fabrication of Mesoporous Cerium Dioxide Films by Cathodic Electrodeposition (2007)

Mesoporous cerium dioxide (Ceria, CeO2) thin films have been successfully electrodeposited onto ITO-coated glass substrates from an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate using CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide) as a templating agent. The synthesized films underwent detailed characterizations. The crystallinity of synthesized CeO2 film was confirmed by XRD analysis and HR-TEM analysis, and surface morphology was investigated by SEM analysis. The presence of mesoporosity in fabricated films was confirmed by TEM and small angle X-ray analysis. As-synthesized film was observed from XRD analysis and HR-TEM image to have well-crystallized structure of cubic phase CeO2. Transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray analysis revealed the presence of uniform mesoporosity with a well-ordered lamellar phase in the CeO2 films electrodeposited with CTAB templating.
Detecting Incompatibilities Concealed in Duplicated Software Libraries (2015)

Software libraries are currently a popular means to reuse functionality. While they allow for rapid development of large applications, they also bring new challenges. One of them is the selection and composition of the right set of libraries. If it is not done properly, libraries may be incompatible, duplicated or redundant. In this work, we cope with the problem of duplicate libraries and detect situations when a system contains different versions of the same library, one of which should be removed to retain system consistency. These duplicates are detected using an algorithm based on a graph discovery. While this algorithm is generic, we demonstrate its usage specifically on the Java platform with JAR files and in doing so, we provide an experiment showing the scale of the problem on a set of open-source programs.
A new packaging technique for power multichip modules (2003)

A new packaging technique for power multichip modules has been developed. The components are sandwiched between two DBC (direct bond copper) substrates with aluminum nitride. This innovative technique allows to replace wire bond with flip chip and to cool the module on both sides. Thus, electrical, thermal and reliability performance can be improved.
Winter Survival of the Soybean Rust Pathogen, <i>Phakopsora pachyrhizi</i>, in Florida (2008)

Soybean rust (SBR) survival and host availability (kudzu, Pueraria spp.) were assessed from November 2006 through April 2007 at six sites from the panhandle to southwest Florida. Micro loggers recorded both temperature and relative humidity hourly at each location. Periods of drought and cumulative hours below 0°C correlated with kudzu defoliation. Inoculum potential from detached kudzu leaves was evaluated in vitro under various temperature and relative humidity levels. Kudzu leaves with SBR kept at 4°C produced viable urediniospores with the highest germination at all moisture levels over time. Freezing temperatures (-4 and -20°C) drastically reduced spore germination. However, when leaves were incubated at low (<35%) relative humidity, inoculum potential was prolonged. Results from this study demonstrate that both temperature and relative humidity impact P. pachyrhizi in the field and in vitro, and that detached kudzu leaves have the potential to serve as an inoculum source in kudzu stands.
The Spiv Cycle (2010)

With themes ranging from passion and romance to murder and psychological disturbance, popular British film in the 1940s found little favour with the critics, but provided thrills and entertainment for millions of people during a time of austerity and danger. Realism and Tinsel looks beyond the established histories of Ealing Comedies and realist classics to excavate a rich but neglected tradition of melodrama, gangster films, morbid thrillers, and costume pictures. Discussing cinema in the context of the major social, economic, and political changes that were taking place, Robert Murphy examines the period's most popular films, including Madonna of the Seven Moons, The Way Ahead, and The Wicked Lady. The picture that emerges challenges the reassuring, cosy view of Britain presented in realist cinema, and throws new light on the British film industry of the time, and on our idea of the war era itself.
Charge storage in double layers of thermally grown silicon dioxide and APCVD silicon nitride (1999)

Experimental results on charge storage and discharge in double layers of silicon dioxide and silicon nitride will be reported and discussed. SiO/sub 2/ with a thickness of 300 nm was thermally grown on silicon wafers, while cover layers of Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ with thicknesses of 50, 100, and 150 nm were deposited chemically at atmospheric pressure. The samples were charged by the point-to-grid corona method. At room temperature, the measured surface potential V was stable during a period of almost three years. Isothermal measurements under different environmental conditions showed an improved charge retention compared to a single layer grown silicon dioxide. After /spl sim/3 h at 300/spl deg/C, the observed voltage drop was <10% for the double layers and /spl sim/60% for bare SiO/sub 2/. Similar results were obtained under a humid condition of 95%RH and 60/spl deg/C. Besides, thermally stimulated current (TSC) was measured in setup with a temperature ramp of 200/spl deg/C/h. For the double layers, a current peak with a maximum temperature at /spl sim/500/spl deg/C was observed. The measured current in the range of 300 to 400/spl deg/C, the location of current maxima observed in thermally grown silicon dioxide or APCVD silicon nitride, was negligible. In addition to improved electret properties the internal stress in the investigated double layers can be adjusted by a proper thickness ratio of oxide layer to nitride layer. Therefore double layers of silicon dioxide and nitride seem to be promising materials for integrated sensors and actuators based on the electret effect.
Evidence for long-range interactions between rare-earth impurity ions in nanocrystals embedded in amorphous matrices with the two-level systems of the matrix (2001)

The low-temperature homogeneous broadening of the electronic transitions of ${\mathrm{Eu}}^{3+}$ and ${\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}$ rare-earth impurity ions in ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LaF}}_{3}$ nanocrystals embedded into amorphous materials (polymer and oxyfluoride glass ceramics) was studied with hole-burning and fluorescence line narrowing techniques. It is shown that the homogeneous linewidth is determined by the interaction of the impurity ions contained in the nanocrystals with the two-level systems (TLS's) of the surrounding glass matrix. A comparison of the experiments with a calculation provides direct evidence for the long-range nature of the interaction with the TLS's.
Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Li[Li[sub 0.2]Ni[sub 0.2]Mn[sub 0.6]]O[sub 2] Modified by Manganese Oxide Coating for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Li-rich layered cathode material was modified by manganese oxide coating via a simple deposition and heat-treatment process. The HRTEM images and the XPS analysis demonstrated that the surface of was covered by continuous manganese oxide layer, with about thickness. The electrochemical performance is improved greatly, especially the rate capability. The composite coated with manganese oxide showed high reversible capacity of after at , compared with of the pristine. It is believed that surface modification of with manganese oxide coating exhibits a convenient approach for a large-scale production.
Designing challenge questions for location‐based authentication systems: a real‐life study (2015)

Abstract Online service providers often use challenge questions (a.k.a. knowledge‐based authentication) to facilitate resetting of passwords or to provide an extra layer of security for authentication. While prior schemes explored both static and dynamic challenge questions to improve security, they do not systematically investigate the problem of designing challenge questions and its effect on user recall performance. Interestingly, as answering different styles of questions may require different amount of cognitive effort and evoke different reactions among users, we argue that the style of challenge questions itself can have a significant effect on user recall performance and usability of such systems. To address this void and investigate the effect of question types on user performance, this paper explores location‐based challenge question generation schemes where different types of questions are generated based on users’ locations tracked by smartphones and presented to users. For evaluation, we deployed our location tracking application on users’ smartphones and conducted two real‐life studies using four different kinds of challenge questions. Each study was approximately 30 days long and had 14 and 15 users respectively. Our findings suggest that the question type can have a significant effect on user performance. Finally, as individual users may vary in terms of performance and recall rate, we investigate and present a Bayesian classifier based authentication algorithm that can authenticate legitimate users with high accuracy by leveraging individual response patterns while reducing the success rate of adversaries.
Identification of Dynamic Regression (Distributed Lag) Models Connecting Two Time Series (1977)

Abstract A methodology is introduced for identifying dynamic regression or distributed lag models relating two time series. First, specification of a bivariate time-series model is discussed, and its relationship to the usual dynamic regression model is indicated. Then, a two-stage identification procedure is presented which involves fitting univariate time-series models to each series, and identifying a dynamic shock model relating the two univariate model innovation series. The models obtained at these two stages are combined to identify a dynamic regression model, which may then be fitted in the usual ways. Two systems of economic time series illustrate the methodology.
Catalytic Significance of the Specificity of Divalent Cations as <i>K</i><sub>S</sub>* and <i>k</i><sub>c</sub><sub>at</sub>* Cofactors for Secreted Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> (1998)

Calcium is required for the substrate binding and for the chemical step of the interfacial catalytic turnover cycle of pancreatic phospholipase A2 (PLA2), but not for the binding of the enzyme to the interface. The role of calcium and other divalent cations (C) is analyzed for the effect on the substrate binding and kcat* for the chemical step. The cofactor role of 3d-cations(II) (C) for the hydrolysis of dimyristoylphosphatidylmethanol (DMPM) vesicles is characterized as an equilibrium dissociation constant for the interfacial binary (E*C) and ternary (E*CL) complexes of PLA2 and substrate mimics (L). Of the cations(II) that promote the binding of a mimic to the enzyme at the interface (E*), only a subgroup supports the chemical step. For example, Cd, Zn, and Cu form ternary E*CL complexes with kcat* of <1 s-1, compared to the rate of >100 s-1 with Ca, Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni. Oxygen exchange from H218O to the products of hydrolysis of DMPM incorporates one 18O in myristate. Incorporation of the first and second 18O occurs during the incubation of both the products of hydrolysis in H218O with PLA2 and Ca, but not with Zn. The cation-dependent changes in the UV difference spectrum, associated with the formation of E*C and E*CL, suggest that the changes are mainly due to catalytic His-48, and possibly Tyr-52 and Tyr-73, and are different with Ca as opposed to Zn. These results and simulations suggest considerable plasticity in the calcium binding and catalytic site environment. It is proposed that the higher ground state stability of the E*CS complex with the inhibitory cations increases the effective activation energy. For the chemical step, calcium coordinated with a nucleophilic water and the ester carbonyl oxygen facilitates the near-attack geometry in the E*CaS, and the His-48·Asp-99 pair acts as a proton acceptor. As a prelude to establishing the catalytic mechanism, factors controlling the energetically demanding transition state are also discussed.
Solution of the vector wave equation by the separable effective adiabatic basis set method (2004)

A novel separable effective adiabatic basis (SEAB) for the solution of the transverse vector wave equation by the variational method is presented. The basis is constructed by a suitably modified adiabatic approximation. The method of SEAB construction is applicable to the waveguides of a general cross section. By calculating scalar modes in rectangular and rib waveguides, we show that the use of SEAB entails computational effort several orders of magnitude less than the use of the more conventional Fourier basis. As an illustrative example, the polarized modes of a rib waveguide are calculated.
Loss of HMW1 and HMW3 in noncytadhering mutants of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i>  occurs post-translationally (1997)

The genomic sequence of Mycoplasma pneumoniae establish this cell-wall-less prokaryote as among the smallest known microorganisms capable of self-replication. However, this genomic simplicity and corresponding biosynthetic austerity are sharply contrasted by the complex terminal structure found in this species. This tip structure (attachment organelle) directs colonization of the human respiratory mucosa, leading to bronchitis and atypical pneumonia. Furthermore, formation of a second tip structure appears to precede cell division, implying temporal regulation. However, the organization, regulation, and assembly of the attachment organelle in M. pneumoniae are poorly understood, and no counterparts have been identified among the walled bacteria. M. pneumoniae possesses a cytoskeleton-like structure required to localize adhesin proteins to the attachment organelle. The cytadherence-associated proteins HMW1, HMW2, and HMW3 are components of the mycoplasma cytoskeleton, with HMW1 localizing strictly along the filamentous extensions from the cell body and HMW3 being a key structural element of the terminal organelle. Disruptions in hmw2 result in the loss of HMW1 and HMW3. However, the hmw1 and hmw3 genes were transcribed and translated at wild-type levels in hmw2 mutants. HMW1 and HMW3 were relatively stable in the wild-type background over 8 h but disappeared in the mutants over this time period. Evaluation of recombinant HMW1 levels in mycoplasma mutants suggested a requirement for the C-terminal domain of HMW1 for turnover. Finally, an apparent defect in the processing of the precursor for the adhesin protein P1 was noted in the HMW- mutants.
The Av1 Constrained Directional Enhancement Filter (Cdef) (2018)

This paper presents the constrained directional enhancement filter designed for the AV1 royalty-free video codec. The in-loop filter is based on a non-linear low-pass filter and is designed for vectorization efficiency. It takes into account the direction of edges and patterns being filtered. The filter works by identifying the direction of each block and then adaptively filtering with a high degree of control over the filter strength along the direction and across it. The proposed enhancement filter is shown to improve the quality of the Alliance for Open Media (AOM) AV1 and Thor video codecs in particular in low complexity configurations.
Synthesis, characterization and ESR spectroscopy of novel s-triazine bearing three oxygen-linked lutetium bisphthalocyanine sandwich complexes (2005)

The conversion of compound 1 [2,4,6-tris(2-oxaphthalonitrile)-s-triazine] into its isoindoline derivative of 2,4,6-tris[2-oxa(1,3-hexaimino isoindoline)]-s-triazine 2 was accomplished by bubbling ammonia gas through a solution in methanol in the presence of sodium methoxide. The cyclization of two different isoindoline derivatives namely, compound 2 and 4,5-bis(hexylthio)-1,2-diimino-isoindoline 3 with lutetium(III) acetate, [ Lu ( OAc ) 3 ] in refluxed DMF by the method of statistically mixed condensation gave trimeric trilutetium phthalocyanine [( LuOAc ) 3 ( Pc ) 3 ]4. [ Lu 3 ( Pc ) 6 ]5 has been synthesized in situ by the reaction of phthalocyanine 4 and three equivalents of dilithium octakis-hexylsulfanyl phthalocyanine in amyl alcohol.
Polymer dielectrics for multichip module packaging (1992)

The polymer dielectrics used to fabricate multichip modules are discussed. Numerous relevant properties of the dielectrics are compared and contrasted. It is shown that the suitability of a specific material is highly dependent on the process chosen to fabricate the structure and the intended application of the module. The material properties of the polymer dielectric must be taken into account when designing the fabrication process in order to exploit the advantages and control the disadvantages that all imperfect materials are bound to have.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>