gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Status of CO&lt;inf&gt;2&lt;/inf&gt;isotope lasers and their applications in tunable laser spectroscopy (1982)

The use of CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopes can provide a manifold expansion of the usable frequency range of sealed-off CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> lasers. Determination of the frequency, gain, and saturation parameter of the various CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopic laser transitions will be discussed. Design considerations for constructing CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> isotopic lasers and selected applications will be presented.
Interleukin-12 Production Is Required for Chlamydial Antigen-Pulsed Dendritic Cells To Induce Protection against Live<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Infection (1999)

Immunization with dendritic cells pulsed ex vivo with antigens has been successfully used to elicit primary antigen-specific immune responses. We report that mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells pulsed with inactivated chlamydial organisms induced strong protection against live chlamydial infection in a mouse lung infection model. Either the dendritic cells or chlamydial organisms alone or macrophages similarly pulsed with chlamydial organisms failed to induce any significant protection. These observations suggest that dendritic cells can efficiently process and present chlamydial antigens to naive T cells in vivo. Mice immunized with the chlamydia-pulsed dendritic cells preferentially developed a Th1 cell-dominant response while mice immunized with the other immunogens did not, suggesting a correlation between a Th1 cell-dominant response and protection against chlamydial infection. We further found that dendritic cells produced a large amount of interleukin 12 (IL-12) upon ex vivo pulsing with inactivated chlamydial organisms, which may allow the dendritic cells to direct a Th1 cell-dominant response. Dendritic cells from mice deficient in the IL-12 p40 gene failed to produce IL-12 after a similar ex vivo pulse with chlamydial organisms, and more importantly, immunization with these dendritic cells failed to induce a Th1 cell-dominant response and did not induce strong protection against chlamydial infection. Thus, the ability of dendritic cells to efficiently process and present chlamydial antigens and to produce IL-12 upon chlamydial-organism stimulation are both required for the induction of protection against chlamydial infection. This information may be useful for the further design of effective chlamydial vaccines.
Human activity recognition for a content search system considering situations of smartphone users (2012)

Smart-phone users can search for information about surrounding facilities or a route to their destination. However, it is difficult to get or search for information while walking because of low legibility. To address this problem, users have to stop walking or enlarge the screen. Our previously proposed system for smart-phone switches the information presentation policies in response to the user's context. In this paper we describe our context recognition mechanism for this system. This mechanism estimates user context from sensors embedded in a smart-phone. We use a Support Vector Machine for the context classification and compare four types of feature values consisting of FFT and 3 types of Wavelet Transforms. Experimental results show that recognition rates are 87.2 % with FFT, 90.9 % with Gabor Wavelet, 91.8 % with Haar Wavelet, and 92.1 % with MexicanHat Wavelet.
Handbook of U.S. Colorants: Foods, Drugs, Cosmetics, and Medical Devices (1979)

HISTORY, REGULATION, DESCRIPTION, AND USE. Areas of Use. Regulations Governing Use. Certified Colorants. Colorants Exempt from Certification. COLORANT ANALYSIS. Identification. Determination of Strength. Insoluble Matter. Inorganic Salt Content. Metals. Organic Impurities. Uncombined Intermediates and Other Low-Molecular-Weight Impurities. Homologous, Isomeric, and Other Related Colorants. RESOLUTION OF MIXTURES AND ANALYSIS OF COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS. Resolution of Mixtures. Analysis of Commercial Products. Index.
Pancreatic Cancer Cell Exosome-Mediated Macrophage Reprogramming and the Role of MicroRNAs 155 and 125b2 Transfection using Nanoparticle Delivery Systems (2016)

Exosomes are nano-sized endosome-derived small intraluminal vesicles, which are important facilitators of intercellular communication by transporting contents, such as protein, mRNA, and microRNAs, between neighboring cells, such as in the tumor microenvironment. The purpose of this study was to understand the mechanisms of exosomes-mediated cellular communication between human pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) cells and macrophages (J771.A1) using a Transwell co-culture system. Following characterization of exosome-mediated cellular communication and pro-tumoral baseline M2 macrophage polarization, the Panc-1 cells were transfected with microRNA-155 (miR-155) and microRNA-125b-2 (miR-125b2) expressing plasmid DNA using hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene imine)/hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) (HA-PEI/HA-PEG) self-assembling nanoparticle-based non-viral vectors. Our results show that upon successful transfection of Panc-1 cells, the exosome content was altered leading to differential communication and reprogramming of the J774.A1 cells to an M1 phenotype. Based on these results, genetic therapies targeted towards selective manipulation of tumor cell-derived exosome content may be very promising for cancer therapy.
60 GHz radio : prospects and future directions (2003)

Abstract─This paper addresses the basic issues regarding the design and development of wireless systems that will operate in the 60 GHz band. The 60 GHz band is of much interest since this is the band in which a massive amount of spectral space (5 to 7 GHz) has been allocated for dense wireless local communications.
[A comparative evaluation of the optical density of the bone and cartilage tissue of human symphyses]. (1997)

Roentgenodensitometric studies of osseous and cartilaginous tissues of pubic and sternal bones revealed statistically reliable differences in the relative values of optic density which help differentiate between three adult age groups: 22 to 35, 36 to 60, and over 61 years, and to recognize the local appurtenance of the examined bones and their symphyses.
Two-photon excitation of nitric oxide fluorescence as a temperature indicator in unsteady gasdynamic processes (1981)

A laser-induced fluorescence technique, especially suitable for measuring fluctuating temperatures in cold turbulent flows containing very low concentrations of nitric oxide, is described and analyzed. Temperatures below 300 K may be resolved with SNRs of >50:1, using commercially available high-peak-power tunable dye lasers. The method relies on the two-photon excitation of selected ro-vibronic transitions in the NO(A(2)Sigma(+), upsilon' = 0 ? X(2)II, upsilon'' = 0) gamma band. The analysis includes the effects of fluorescence quenching and shows the technique to be effective at all densities below ambient. SNR estimates are based on a preliminary measurement of the two-photon absorptivity for a selected rotational transition in the NO gamma(0,0) band.
Expansions and Discussions of the Phase Gradient Algorithm (1998)

The Phase Gradient Autofocus algorithm (PG A) is widely used in spotlight mode SAR for motion compensation. The PG A algorithm has been proven to be a superior autofocus method. The original development needed high signal-to-scatter ratios. An improvement was made easing that restriction, but the narrow beam assumption (range dependent errors) remained. This paper progresses one step further by eliminating the narrow beam assumption. Lower altitude SARs have large range dependencies that cannot be ignored. A new phase estimator for PGA is introduced and extended to allow range dependence. An ERS-1 image of Death Valley is used in simulations comparing the new estimator to the maximum likelihood approach and in demonstrating the range-dependent PGA algorithm. Future approaches to the problem of strip-map SAR are also introduced.
A Comparative Study of Medium-Voltage Power Converter Topologies for Plasma Torch Under Dynamic Operating Conditions (2009)

This paper compares several medium-voltage power conversion systems for plasma torch application. The thermal plasma torch rated for 3 MW, 2 kA with the physical size of 1 m long is selected. The dynamic characteristics of the dc arc in a plasma torch are investigated using advanced 3-D magnetohydrodynamics simulation. The arc voltage noise of plusmn10% due to the periodic pressure wave is modeled as a sawtooth waveform in arc power loss term. The parameters of the Cassie-Mayr arc model are calculated based on 3-D simulation. A 12-pulse thyristor rectifier and two-phase staggered three-level step-down dc-dc converter having 12-pulse front-end diode rectifier are compared under the same dynamic operating condition. The three-level dc-dc converter has superior dynamic performance over the 12-pulse thyristor rectifier under the existence of arc disturbance noise. This power converter topology provides higher ignition voltage around 5 kV during ignition phase and higher arc stability.
An event model and its implementation for multimedia information representation and retrieval (2005)

This work presents a novel framework, built around the notion of an event, for modeling, storage, analysis, and querying of multimedia data. We present an event model using which multimedia data, its spatio-temporal characteristics, and a variety of other potentially flexibly defined attributes can be represented. We also describe the design of a distributed event-based information management system that allows interpretation of multimedia data based on event definitions, storage of such event-based media data, and definition of various types of queries on such information. Examples involving event-based modeling and querying of multimedia data from different settings are presented to illustrate the approach.
Automatic ATM Fraud Detection as a Sequence-based Anomaly Detection Problem (2014)

Because of the direct access to cash and customer data, automated teller machines (ATMs) are the target of manifold attacks and fraud. To counter this problem, modern ATMs utilize specialized hardware security systems that are designed to detect particular types of attacks and manipulation. However, such systems do not provide any protection against future attacks that are unknown at design time. In this paper, we propose an approach that is able to detect known as well as unknown attacks on ATMs and that does not require additional security hardware. The idea is to utilize automatic model generation techniques to learn patterns of normal behavior from the status information of standard devices comprised in an ATM; a significant deviation from the learned behavior is an indicator of a fraud attempt. We cast the identification of ATM fraud as a sequence-based anomaly detection problem, and describe three specific methods that implement our approach. An empirical evaluation using a real-world data set that has been recorded on a public ATM within a time period of nine weeks shows promising results and underlines the practical applicability of the proposed approach.
Detection of acute hepatitis C virus infection by ELISA using a synthetic peptide comprising a structural epitope. (1992)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed by using a synthetic polypeptide (SP) whose sequence was derived from the structural region of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Results of several coded panels of sera obtained from volunteer blood donors and patients with apparent non-A, non-B hepatitis and/or hepatitis B virus used in this ELISA were compared with those of a commercially available first-generation C-100 ELISA (using nonstructural HCV antigens), an experimental second-generation C-200/C-22 ELISA (using both structural and nonstructural HCV antigens), and recombinant immunoblot assays RIBA-I and RIBA-II. In the majority of cases, the results obtained with the HCV-SP ELISA correlated well with those obtained by RIBA-II and C-200/C-22 ELISA. In contrast, many samples that were repeatedly reactive in the C-100 ELISA results were nonreactive with RIBA and HCV-SP ELISA. In addition, HCV-SP detected HCV-specific antibody that appeared within a month of infection and coincided with the earliest increase in alanine aminotransferase. In summary, we have developed an ELISA based on a structural HCV synthetic polypeptide, HCV-SP, that has high specificity and sensitivity and is capable of detecting specific antibodies in the acute phase of HCV infection.
Pilot Plant development of a fluidized bed incineration process (1974)

where a continuous, trouble-free, operating period of 43 days was attained. Several properties of the alumina product were routinely measured, and some of the effects of the calciner operating variables on these properties were determined. The production of both amorphous and alpha crystalline material was found to be possible; the crystalline nature of the product had a profound effect on product properties and off-gas loading.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors: a patent review (2010)

Several sEH inhibitors with potent in vitro and in vivo target inhibition appear promising, including one Phase II clinical candidate. The clinical evaluation will be critical to assess the proclaimed therapeutic utility of sEH inhibition.
Beyond Categories: The Visual Memex Model for Reasoning About Object Relationships (2018)

The use of context is critical for scene understanding in computer vision, where the recognition of an object is driven by both local appearance and the object’s relationship to other elements of the scene (context). Most current approaches rely on modeling the relationships between object categories as a source of context. In this paper we seek to move beyond categories to provide a richer appearance-based model of context. We present an exemplar-based model of objects and their relationships, the Visual Memex, that encodes both local appearance and 2D spatial context between object instances. We evaluate our model on Torralba’s proposed Context Challenge against a baseline category-based system. Our experiments suggest that moving beyond categories for context modeling appears to be quite beneficial, and may be the critical missing ingredient in scene understanding systems.
A Role for Stat5 in CD8+ T Cell Homeostasis (2003)

Cytokine signals are known to contribute to CD8+ memory T cell homeostasis, but an exact understanding of the mechanism(s) has remained elusive. We have now investigated the role of Stat5 proteins in this process. Whereas Stat5a and Stat5b KO mice have decreased numbers of CD8+ T cells, Stat5-transgenic mice have an increased number of these cells. Stat5b-transgenic mice exhibit increased Ag-induced cell death of CD4+ T cells and augmented proliferation and Bcl-2 expression in CD8+ T cells, providing a basis for this finding. Moreover, CD8+ memory T cells are substantially affected by Stat5 levels. These findings identify Stat5 proteins as critical signaling mediators used by cytokines to regulate CD8+ T cell homeostasis.
Thermodynamics of frost heaving: A thermodynamic proposition for dynamic phenomena (1997)

A phenomenon of up-heaving during the freezing of water in porous materials is reviewed. A unique feature relevant to the phenomenon is that when water and ice are partitioned by a microporous material and are kept in a supercooled state, water moves from below to the ice bottom against a force of gravity, and gravitational potential energy is spontaneously produced. This phenomenon, which is unable to be explained by Newton's laws of dynamics, is found to be consistent with the second law of thermodynamics. It is suggested that matter in a system kept in a thermodynamically nonequilibrium state can move in a direction opposite to a force applied on the matter if the movement produces an increment of entropy in a whole system consisting of the system and local surroundings that interact with the system. The result is generalized and a simple thermodynamic proposition is proposed so as to account for emergence of dynamic motions in nonequilibrium systems. Some of the examples are discussed from this thermodynamic viewpoint.
Immunological detection of actin in the 14S ciliary dynein of <i>Tetrahymena</i> (1994)

The association of actin with Tetrahymena ciliary dyneins was examined using a polyclonal antibody against Tetrahymena actin. Western blotting shows that actin is present in the 14S dynein fraction, but not in the 22S dynein fraction, which comprises the outer arm. By anion-exchange chromatography, 14S dynein can be further separated into three major fractions that contain four distinct heavy chains in total. When each fraction was tested by anti-actin immunoblotting, all three fractions contained actin in nearly stoichiometric amounts with the heavy chain. Since Tetrahymena actin differs significantly from actins of other species, the association with inner-arm dynein may be a conserved property of actin.
High-Speed AlGaInAs-MQW Integrated EA Modulator/DFB Laser Module Based on Identical Epitaxial Layer Scheme for 40 Gb/s Optic Fiber Communication Systems (2007)

AlGalnAs MQW-DFB laser is monolithically integrated with a lumped-electrode electroabsorption modulator based on an identical epitaxial layer integration scheme. A 3 dBe modulation bandwidth of module over 33 GHz has been demonstrated.
Sugar beet yields increased by early planting, yellows-resistant varieties and aphid control (1971)

A combination of control measures to reduce damage from “yellows” disease of sugar beets has resulted in yield increases of 42 per cent in the overwintering area of central California. The yield increases were made possible through earlier planting with suppression of sugar beet yellows through the use of a resistant variety, and aphid control.
Fabrication and microwave characterisation of multilayer circuits for MMIC applications (1996)

A technique to fabricate novel multilayer monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) structures using polyimide as insulating dielectric layer is described. The polyimide layer formation, curing and dry etching processes are investigated in an attempt to obtain high quality dielectric layers suitable for MMIC applications. By employing this technique, MMIC design and circuit routings become much easier and conventional microstrip transmission lines and lumped passive components can be realised with effective use of the substrate material. In the paper it is shown that a V-shaped MMIC coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission lines with low characteristic impedance and edge offset broadside directional couplers can easily be designed using the multilayer technique. This implementation can avoid the well known current crowding effects on the conductor edges. Within the Ku and K band frequency range, circuits have been characterised and show good performances. By using the same technique, miniaturisation of a lumped-distributed CPW ring-resonator bandpass filter can be achieved with built-in shunt capacitors. Two transmission poles and two transmission zeros could be implemented by introducing two discontinuities. The measured results show a 3 dB bandwidth of 3.7 GHz at 13.7 GHz.
REDISTRIBUTION OF PRIMARY SILYL- AND GERMYLPHOSPHINES: SYNTHESIS OF TRISILYL- AND TRIGERMYLPHOSPHINES (1988)

Abstract Redistribution reactions of SiH3PH2, Si2H5PH2, SiH3PH2/Si2H5PH2, and GeH3PH2 promoted by BX3(X=F, Cl, Br), B2H6, and B5H9 as routes to the trisilyl- and trigermylphosphines (SiH3)3P, (Si2H5)3P, (SiH3)2PSi2H5, and (GeH3)3P have been examined. Reaction of the silyl- or germylphosphine borane complex (e.g. SiH3PH2·BF3) with the uncomplexed silyl- or germylphosphine (e.g. SiH3PH2) appears essential to the redistribution process. Trisilylphosphines and (GeH3)3P are best obtained in RPH2(R=SiH3, Si2H5)‒BF3 and GeH3PH2‒B5H9 reaction systems, respectively.
Triple mode filters with coaxial excitation (2002)

In this paper we describe triple mode filters in a square waveguide with integrated coaxial input/output excitation. An important feature of the structure proposed is that it is easily amenable to an accurate full wave analysis. In addition to theory, a practical six pole filter with two transmission zeros is also demonstrated.
Disaster Recovery for Cloud-Hosted Enterprise Applications (2016)

We describe disaster protection and recovery of cloud-hosted enterprise applications both at the cloud infrastructure level and at the application level. We explore scenarios which favor one option over the other, and scenarios where a combination of both are required for effective and end-to-end protection. Through case studies grounded in the experience of implementing disaster recovery for IBM's Cloud Managed Services (CMS) platform, we highlight the complexities of protecting enterprise applications on the cloud. For recovery planning and execution, we present a scheduling algorithm that recovers machines hosted on cloud by taking into account application-level logical dependencies and the business criticalities of the applications.
Renal sodium transporter/channel expression and sodium excretion in P2Y<sub>2</sub>receptor knockout mice fed a high-NaCl diet with/without aldosterone infusion (2010)

The P2Y(2) receptor (P2Y2-R) antagonizes sodium reabsorption in the kidney. Apart from its effect in distal nephron, hypothetically, P2Y(2)-R may modulate activity/abundances of sodium transporters/channel subunits along the nephron via antagonism of aldosterone or vasopressin or interaction with mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) or oxidative stress (OS). To determine the extent of the regulatory role of P2Y(2)-R in renal sodium reabsorption, in study 1, we fed P2Y(2)-R knockout (KO; n = 5) and wild-type (WT; n = 5) mice a high (3.15%)-sodium diet (HSD) for 14 days. Western blotting revealed significantly higher protein abundances for cortical and medullary bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NKCC2), medullary α-1-subunit of Na-K-ATPase, and medullary α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in KO vs. WT mice. Molecular analysis of urine showed increased excretion of nitrates plus nitrites (NOx), PGE(2), and 8-isoprostane in the KO, relative to WT mice, supporting a putative role for these molecules in determining alterations of proteins involved in sodium transport along the nephron. To determine whether genotype differences in response to aldosterone might have played a role in these differences due to HSD, in study 2 aldosterone levels were clamped (by osmotic minipump infusion). Clamping aldosterone (with HSD) led to significantly impaired natriuresis with elevated Na/H exchanger isoform 3 in the cortex, and NKCC2 in the medulla, and modest but significantly lower levels of NKCC2, and α- and β-ENaC in the cortex of KO vs. WT mice. This was associated with significantly reduced urinary NOx in the KO, although PGE(2) and 8-isoprostane remained significantly elevated vs. WT mice. Taken together, our results suggest that P2Y(2)-R is an important regulator of sodium transporters along the nephron. Pre- or postreceptor differences in the response to aldosterone, perhaps mediated via prostaglandins or changes in NOS activity or OS, likely play a role.