gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Cloning and Overexpression of the Gene Encoding an NADPH-Dependent Carbonyl Reductase from<i>Candida magnoliae</i>, Involved in Stereoselective Reduction of Ethyl 4-Chloro-3-oxobutanoate (2000)

An NADPH-dependent carbonyl reductase (S1) isolated from Candida magnoliae catalyzed the reduction of ethyl 4-chloro-3-oxobutanoate (COBE) to ethyl (S)-4-chloro-3-hydroxybutanoate (CHBE), with a 100% enantiomeric excess, which is a useful chiral building block for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. The gene encoding the enzyme was cloned and sequenced. The S1 gene comprises 849 bp and encodes a polypeptide of 30,420 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of similarity to those of the other members of the short-chain alcohol dehydrogenase superfamily. The S1 gene was overexpressed in Escherichia coli under the control of the lac promoter. The enzyme expressed in E. coli was purified to homogeneity and had the same catalytic properties as the enzyme from C. magnoliae did. An E. coli transformant reduced COBE to 125 g/l of (S)-CHBE, with an optical purity of 100% enantiomeric excess, in an organic solvent two-phase system.
Model Predictive wind turbine control for load alleviation and power leveling in Extreme Operation conditions (2016)

Modern wind turbine control systems do not only have to guarantee safe and efficient operation, but also reduce mechanical loads to a minimum and by that allow for lighter weight turbine designs. In order to limit the amount of required control loops and corresponding tuning parameters, more and more attention is paid to multivariable feedback control which handle all aspects in only one framework. This paper presents a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) designed for a commercial 3MW wind turbine. The goal of that controller is to level output power while mechanical loads are limited. Although the reduced order model required for the MPC and presented in this paper, is of minimal order, it is sufficiently detailed for the application at hand. The MPC is compared with the controller currently installed. Simulation based tests with a fully validated multibody model show that the MPC can maintain the output power during an Extreme Operation Gust (EOG) within a limit of only 4%, compared to 8% before, and at the same time can reduce the tower base moment by approximately 15%.
The yeast MOT2 gene encodes a putative zinc finger protein that serves as a global negative regulator affecting expression of several categories of genes, including mating-pheromone-responsive genes. (1994)

The STE4 gene encodes the beta subunit of a heterotrimeric G protein that is an essential component of the pheromone signal transduction pathway. To identify downstream component(s) of Ste4, we sought pseudo-revertants that restored mating competence to ste4 mutants. The suppressor mot2 was isolated as a recessive mutation that restored conjugational competence to a temperature-sensitive ste4 mutant and simultaneously conferred a temperature-sensitive growth phenotype. The MOT2 gene encodes a putative zinc finger protein, the deletion of which resulted in temperature-sensitive growth, increased expression of FUS1 in the absence of pheromones, and suppression of a deletion of the alpha-factor receptor. On the other hand, sterility resulting from deletion of STE4 was not suppressed by the mot2 deletion. These phenotypes are similar to those associated with temperature-sensitive mutations in CDC36 and CDC39, which are proposed to encode general negative regulators of transcription rather than factors involved in the pheromone response pathway. Deletion of MOT2 also caused increased transcription of unrelated genes such as GAL7 and PHO84. Overexpression of MOT2 suppresses the growth defect of temperature-sensitive mutations in CDC36 and CDC39. These observations suggest that Mot2 functions as a general negative regulator of transcription in the same processes as Cdc36 and Cdc39.
Designing integration flows using hypercubes (2011)

The design and implementation of an ETL (extract-transform-load) process for a data warehouse proceeds from a conceptual model to a logical model, and then a physical model and implementation. The conceptual model conveys at a high level the data sources and targets, and the transformation steps from sources to targets. The current state of the art is to express the conceptual model informally using text descriptions and diagrams. This makes the process of deriving a logical model time-consuming and error-prone. Our work is towards a system that covers the whole ETL lifecycle by injecting several layers of optimization and validation throughout the whole process starting with the business level objectives and ending with flow execution. In this paper, we focus on the ETL conceptual layer and present a solution that assists consultants in their task of defining the needs and requirements at the early stages of an integration project. We present a conceptual model for ETL based on hypercubes and hypercube operations. This is a formal model that captures the semantics of ETL at a high-level but that can also be machine-translated into a logical model for ETL. The use of hypercubes at the conceptual level renders a design that can be easily understood by business users and so reduces design and development time and produces a result that accurately captures service level agreements and business requirements.
Injectable Pore-Forming Hydrogel Scaffolds for Complex Wound Tissue Engineering: Designing and Controlling Their Porosity and Mechanical Properties (2016)

Traumatic soft tissue wounds present a significant reconstructive challenge. The adoption of closed-circuit negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has enabled surgeons to temporize these wounds before reconstruction. Such systems use porous synthetic foam scaffolds as wound fillers at the interface between the negative pressure system and the wound bed. The idea of using a bespoke porous biomaterial that enhances wound healing, as filler for an NPWT system, is attractive as it circumvents concerns regarding reconstructive delay and the need for dressing changes that are features of the current systems. Porous foam biomaterials are mechanically robust and able to synthesize in situ. Hence, they exhibit potential to fulfill the niche for such a functionalized injectable material. Injectable scaffolds are currently in use for minimally invasive surgery, but the design parameters for large-volume expansive foams remain unclear. Potential platforms include hydrogel systems, (particularly superabsorbent, superporous, and nanocomposite systems), polyurethane-based moisture-cured foams, and high internal phase emulsion polymer systems. The aim of this review is to discuss the design parameters for such future biomaterials and review potential candidate materials for further research into this up and coming field.
Insulin in human milk and the prevention of type 1 diabetes (2001)

Although controversial, exclusive breast milk feeding was shown to exert a protective effect in preventing type 1 diabetes. In contrast, an early introduction of cow's milk-based formula in young infants may enhance the risk of disease, especially in genetically susceptible children, presumably by an increase of intestinal permeability to macromolecules such as bovine serum albumin and beta-casein, which may arouse autoimmunity. We have shown that human milk contains insulin in substantial concentrations, while insulin is barely detectable (if at all) in infant formulas. Orally administered insulin was demonstrated to promote gut maturation and to reduce intestinal permeability to macromolecules. Furthermore, oral insulin may induce tolerance to insulin and protect against the development of type 1 diabetes. We herewith raise a hypothesis that human milk is protective against the development of type 1 diabetes by virtue of the effects of its substantial content of insulin.
Infant formulas. Recent developments and new issues. (2003)

Infant formulas on the market today should be aimed at providing the best alternative to breast milk for infants of those women who are unable to continue breastfeeding until 6 months of age and substituting ideally for human milk after 6 months of age approaching the structural and functional effects observed in breastfed infants. The aim is to mimic the functional outcome of the breastfed infant (e.g. growth and development), and not to copy the composition of human milk. For this purpose, the following compounds have been added to formulas and are reviewed: long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) for brain composition and neurodevelopment, probiotics and prebiotics for the fecal flora and the local intestinal defense, and nucleotides for promoting the immune response. Changes in protein quantity and quality allow to balance the blood amino acid pattern (possibly relevant to the early stages of brain development for the neurotransmitter function) and reducing the protein intake could be important for the prevention of later overweight. Hydrolysed proteins are important in the prevention of atopic disorders. Many trials have been published so far with short-term assessments, most of them with positive findings. However, we need more data on the long-term follow-up of infants who were fed the new formulas. Such data will allow to look at neural performance, prevention of overweight and obesity, and effects on the immune-allergic pattern.
A compact double-pass Raman backscattering amplifier/compressor (2008)

The enhancement of stimulated Raman backscattering (SRBS) amplification was demonstrated by introducing a plasma density gradient along the pump and the seed interaction path and by a novel double-pass design. The energy transfer efficiency was significantly improved to a level of 6.4%. The seed pulse was amplified by a factor of more than 20 000 from the input in a 2mm long plasma, which also exceeded the intensity of the pump pulse by 2 orders of magnitude. This was accompanied by very effective pulse compression, from 500fsto90fs in the first pass measurements and in the second pass down to approximately 50fs, as it is indicated by the energy-pulse duration relation. Further improvements to the energy transfer efficiency and the SRBS performance by extending the region of resonance is also discussed where a uniform ∼4mm long plasma channel for SRBS was generated by using two subsequent laser pulses in an ethane gas jet.
A novel scheme for colorless ONU based on Michelson interferometer at radio frequency (2009)

Recently research on WDM PON has been focused on full-duplex bi-direction propagation in single fiber transmission. As a result the distortion and impairment caused by Rayleigh backscattered light and the reflection of each component cannot be neglected. We present a new flexible scheme of Colorless ONU with RSOA-Assisted Michelson Interferometer (MI), for Rayleigh Backscattering suppression in single fiber WDM-PON systems by generating Optical Single Side Band (OSSB) or Optical Carrier Suppressed (OCS) format signal at upstream. Simulations and discussions have been conducted to validate the proposal. The results are useful for designing cost-effective Multi-Wavelength PON or Point-to-Point Radio over Fiber system.
Suppression of GD1α ganglioside‐mediated tumor metastasis by liposomalized WHW‐peptide (2000)

GD1alpha ganglioside-replica peptides were recently isolated from a phage-displayed random pentadecapeptide library by assaying for inhibition of adhesion of RAW117-H10 lymphosarcoma cells to hepatic sinusoidal microvessel endothelial (HSE) cells. We show here that the Trp-His-Trp (WHW) peptide was identified as a minimal sequence of the GD1alpha-replica peptide WHWRHRIPLQLAAGR. The addition of WHW peptide-attached liposomes displayed efficient inhibition of liver metastasis of RAW117-H10 cells as well as of GD1alpha-mediated adhesion of RAW117-H10 cells to HSE cells in vitro. These results suggest that engineered liposomes for peptide delivery are applicable to treatment for metastasis.
Dimer acid structures. The dehydro‐dimer from methyl oleate and Di‐t‐butyl peroxide (1964)

Abstract The dehydro‐dimer of methyl oleate was prepared and its structure determined as a model of a non‐ring dimer for reference in studying the structure of other fatty dimer acids. The dehydro‐dimer of methyl oleate is formed by the action of di‐t‐butyl peroxide on methyl oleate. The reaction is stoichiometric; one mole of DTBP producing one mole of dehydrodimer and two moles of t‐BuOH, when excess methyl oleate is used. The dimer was shown to contain two double bonds, and to be formed by carbon‐to‐carbon linkages predominantly and equally at the 8, 9, 10 and 11 carbons of the oleate monomer segments. Unsaturation was determined by quantitative hydrogenation and far UV absorption. The points of linkage were established by diagnosis of the positions of the involved tertiary carbons of the hydrogenated dimer 1) by chemical oxidation, and 2) by mass spectrometry. Positions of the double bonds were determined by quantitative ozonization, reductive cleavage followed by gas chromatography of the aldehydes and aldehyde esters. Precise molecular weight of the hydrogenated dimer was determined from the parant mass peak at the expected m/e of 594, confirming the non‐ring structure. The unhydrogenated dimer showed a parent m/e peak at the expected value of 590. The bridging at the 8 and 10 positions is explained as being due to coupling of radicals with limiting resonance structures resulting from loss of a hydrogen atom from the methylene at position 8. The bridging at the 9 and 11 positions is explained as due to coupling of limiting resonance structures resulting from loss of a hydrogen atom from the methylene at position 11. Mass spectrometric data indicate that the dimerization is a coupling of the expected free radical forms, rather than attack by an oleate free radical on the double bond of an intact oleate molecule, with subsequent loss of hydrogen to form the second double bond in the dimer. Coupling at the 2‐position (ॅ to COOCH 3 ) occurs in not more than 5舑10% of the molecules. A small amount of cyclic dimer may be present.
Synthetic Versatility in C–H Oxidation: A Rapid Approach to Differentiated Diols and Pyrans from Simple Olefins (2011)

Conventionally, C-H oxidation reactions are used to install functional groups. The use of C-H oxidation to transform simple starting materials into highly versatile intermediates, which enable rapid access to a range of complex target structures, is a new area with tremendous potential in synthesis. Herein we report a Pd(II)/sulfoxide-catalyzed allylic C-H oxidation to form anti-1,4-dioxan-2-ones from homoallylic oxygenates. These versatile building blocks are rapidly elaborated to differentiated syn-1,2-diols, stereodefined amino-polyols, and syn-pyrans, structures ubiquitous in medicinally important complex molecules found in Nature. We also demonstrate that a C-H oxidation approach to the synthesis of these motifs is orthogonal and complementary to other state-of-the-art methods.
Prostate cancer–specific PET radiotracers: A review on the clinical utility in recurrent disease (2017)

Prostate cancer-specific positron emission tomography (pcPET) has been shown to detect sites of disease recurrence at serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels that are lower than those levels detected by conventional imaging. Commonly used pcPET radiotracers in the setting of biochemical recurrence are reviewed including carbon 11/fludeoxyglucose 18 (F-18) choline, gallium 68/F-18 prostatespecific membrane antigen (PSMA), and F-18 fluciclovine. Review of the literature generally favors PSMAbased agents for the detection of recurrence as a function of low PSA levels. Positive gallium 68/F-18 PSMA positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans detected potential sites of recurrence in a median 51.5% of patients when PSA level is b1.0 ng/mL, 74% of patients when PSA level is 1.0 to 2.0 ng/mL, and 90.5% of patients when PSA level is N2.0 ng/mL. Review of carbon 11/fludeoxyglucose 18 (F-18) choline and F-18 fluciclovine data commonly demonstrated lower detection rates for each respective PSA cohort, although with some important caveats, despite having similar operational characteristics to PSMA-based imaging. Sensitive pcPET imaging has provided new insight into the early patterns of disease spread, which has prompted judicious reconsideration of additional local therapy after either prostatectomy, definitive radiation therapy, or postprostatectomy radiation therapy. This review discusses the literature, clinical utility, availability, and fundamental understanding of pcPET imaging needed to improve clinical practice.
Atmospheric neutron effects in advanced microelectronics, standards and applications (2004)

Since the 80s it is known that Terrestrial Cosmic Rays, mainly reported as Atmospheric Neutrons, can penetrate the natural shielding of buildings, equipments and circuit package and induce Soft Errors in integrated circuits and Breakdown of power devices. The high-energy neutron fluxes of interest range between 10 particles/cm/sup 2//hour at sea level and 10/sup 4/ particles/cm/sup 2//hour at typical airplanes flight altitude of 30000 feet, with modulation due to Solar Flares. In the 90s the phenomenon has pervaded as a consequence of the roadmap of electronic devices, especially downscaling of design rules, increase of signal bandwidth and increase of the size of DRAM and SRAM memory, standalone or embedded on processors and System-on-Chips. Failure-In-Time and Soft Error Rate became unacceptable. Test Standards and design solutions have been proposed to maintain reliability of commercial products and improve those used in special such as avionic computers. The paper describes the Atmospheric Neutron flux, the effects in the main classes of devices and specific cases such as neutron-induced single event upset observed in CMOS vs. CMOS/SOI and some mitigation issues. A model called CCPM (Critical Cross-Point Model) is proposed to provide critical graphs of technology node sensitivity along the scaling trend of CMOS.
Angiogenesis of the heart (2003)

Abstract Despite continued advances in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease, there are still a large number of patients who are not candidates for the conventional revascularization techniques of balloon angioplasty and stenting, or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Therapeutic angiogenesis, in the form of the administration of growth factor protein or gene therapy, has emerged as a promising new method of treatment for patients with coronary artery disease. The goal of this strategy is to promote the development of supplemental blood conduits that will act as endogenous bypass vessels. New vessel formation occurs through the processes of angiogenesis, vasculogenesis, and arteriogenesis, under the control of growth factors such as those that belong to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and angiopoeitin (Ang) families of molecules. Preclinical studies have suggested that such an approach is both feasible and effective; however many questions remain to be answered. This review will address the elements of pharmacologic revascularization, focusing on gene and protein‐based therapy. The important growth factors, the vector (for gene therapy), routes of delivery, the desired therapeutic effect, and quantifiable clinical end points for trials of angiogenesis will all be addressed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 60:138–158, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic Resource Allocation for a Sensor Network (2005)

We describe a project that analyzes the performance of a sensor network trying to detect enemy agents in an urban environment. We simulate a network of units that can detect different enemy types using a variety of sensors. Our work aims to address key issues about networked systems, including the effectiveness of cooperative strategies, the balance of multiple constraints, and the tradeoffs between resource allocation and performance. We make use of evolutionary computing algorithms to search the space of possible configurations, carrying out parameter sweeps to test how various dimensions of the design space impact performance over a range of scenarios. Our results provide some quantitative insights into the performance of networked systems. 2
Schwefel‐Heterocyclen und Vorstufen, 47<sup>1)</sup>. 3‐Chlor‐1.2‐dithioliumsalze (1965)

Abstract 3‐Chlor‐1.2‐dithioliumchloride ( 1 , X = Cl) sind aus 1.2‐Dithia‐cyclopentenonen‐(3) ( 2 ) und 1.2‐Dithia‐cyclopententhionen‐(3) ( 3 ) mit Oxalylchlorid oder Phosgen leicht zugänglich. Der Reaktionsmechanismus wird diskutiert. Die bisher in der Literatur als 3.3‐Dichlor‐1.2‐dithiacyclopentene ( C ) bezeichneten Verbindungen sind ebenfalls echte Salze vom Typ 1 (X = Cl). Der Strukturbeweis wird durch Löslichkeitsbetrachtungen, Leitfähigkeitsmessungen, spektroskopische Untersuchungen und den Austausch des Chlorid‐Ions erbracht. Mit Basen reagieren die Verbindungen vom Typ 1 , zu Abkömmlingen des 1.2‐Dithia‐cyclopentens‐(4) ( 2–4 ) oder zu anderen 3‐substituierten 1.2‐Dithioliumsalzen ( 9, 10 ).
The Molecular Weight of Avidin (1964)

Research Article| August 01 1964 The Molecular Weight of Avidin N. M. Green N. M. Green Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1964) 92 (2): 16C–17C. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0920016C Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation N. M. Green; The Molecular Weight of Avidin. Biochem J 1 August 1964; 92 (2): 16C–17C. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0920016C Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1964 The Biochemical Society1964 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Metallophosphites as Umpolung Catalysts:  The Enantioselective Cross Silyl Benzoin Reaction (2004)

Carbonyl polarity reversal (umpolung) has been realized employing metallophosphites as catalysts. As a result, nonenzymatic asymmetric cross silyl benzoin reactions have been achieved, giving optically active silyl ether-protected benzoin adducts. The reaction is general with respect to aryl, alkyl, and heterocyclic substrates with good to excellent yields and good to excellent enantioselectivities.
Protective effect of herpes simplex virus-mediated neurotrophin gene transfer in cisplatin neuropathy (2004)

Attempts to develop clinical treatments for neuropathy using neurotrophins have not been successful. We tested whether neurotrophin gene delivery to dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) using non-replicating herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vectors could prevent the development of neuropathy caused by administration of cisplatin. Following subcutaneous inoculation of HSV vectors expressing nerve growth factor (NGF) or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), neurons in the DRG were transduced to produce NGF or NT-3 in vivo. Inoculation of either the NGF- or the NT-3-expressing vectors 3 days before the start of a 6-week course of cisplatin treatment protected against cisplatin-induced neuropathy assessed by electrophysiological, histological and behavioural measures 2 months later. Iatrogenic neuropathy caused by administration of chemotherapeutic drugs represents an excellent target for a human trial to assess the potential of gene therapy to prevent neuropathy.