gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Methods for Large Resistor Networks (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Large resistor networks arise during the design of very-large-scale integration chips as a result of parasitic extraction and electro static discharge analysis. Simulating these large parasitic resistor networks is of vital importance, since it gives an insight into the functional and physical performance of the chip. However, due to the increasing amount of interconnect and metal layers, these networks may contain millions of resistors and nodes, making accurate simulation time consuming or even infeasible. We propose efficient algorithms for three types of analysis of large resistor networks: 1) computation of path resistances; 2) computation of resistor currents; and 3) reduction of resistor networks. The algorithms are exact, orders of magnitude faster than conventional approaches, and enable simulation of very large networks. </para>
Fertilizer Materials, Preparation and Characterization of Some Calcium Pyrophosphates (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFertilizer Materials, Preparation and Characterization of Some Calcium PyrophosphatesE. H. Brown, J. R. Lehr, J. P. Smith, and A. W. FrazierCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1963, 11, 3, 214–222Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60127a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60127a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views369Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current progress on pixel level packaging for uncooled IRFPA (2012)

Vacuum packaging is definitely a major cost driver for uncooled IRFPA and a technological breakthrough is still expected to comply with the very low cost infrared camera market. To address this key issue, CEA-LETI is developing a Pixel Level Packaging (PLP) technology which basically consists in capping each pixel under vacuum in the direct continuation of the wafer level bolometer process. Previous CEA-LETI works have yet shown the feasibility of PLP based microbolometers that exhibit the required thermal insulation and vacuum achievement. CEA-LETI is still pushing the technology which has been now applied for the first time on a CMOS readout circuit. The paper will report on the recent progress obtained on PLP technology with particular emphasis on the optical efficiency of the PLP arrangement compared to the traditional microbolometer packaging. Results including optical performances, aging studies and compatibility with CMOS readout circuit are extensively presented.
Enhanced Texture‐Based Terrain Synthesis on Graphics Hardware (2012)

Abstract Curvilinear features extracted from a 2D user‐sketched feature map have been used successfully to constraint a patch‐based texture synthesis of real landscapes. This map‐based user interface does not give fine control over the height profile of the generated terrain. We propose a new texture‐based terrain synthesis framework controllable by a terrain sketching interface. We enhance the realism of the generated landscapes by using a novel patch merging method that reduces boundary artefacts caused by overlapping terrain patches. A more constrained synthesis process is used to produce landscapes that better match user requirements. The high computational cost of texture synthesis is reduced with a parallel implementation on graphics hardware. Our GPU‐accelerated solution provides a significant speedup depending on the size of the example terrain. We show experimentally that our framework is more successful in generating realistic landscapes than current example‐based terrain synthesis methods. We conclude that texture‐based terrain synthesis combined with sketching provides an excellent solution to the user control and realism challenges of virtual landscape generation.
Supported liquid extraction in combination with LC‐MS/MS for high‐throughput quantitative analysis of hydrocortisone in mouse serum (2009)

A high-throughput LC-MS/MS bioanalytical method was developed and validated for the determination of hydrocortisone in mouse serum via supported liquid extraction (SLE) in a 96-well plate format. Although sample extracts from SLE result in similar matrix effects compared with conventional liquid-liquid extraction (LLE), greater analyte extraction recovery and much higher analysis throughput for the quantitative analysis of hydrocortisone in mouse serum were obtained. The current LC-MS/MS method was validated for a concentration range of 2.00-2000 ng/mL for hydrocortisone using a 0.100 mL volume of mouse serum. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy of the quality control samples at low, medium and high concentration levels showed < or =12.9% CV and -3.4-6.2% bias for the analyte in mouse serum.
Computer Simulation off Cased-Hole Density Logging (1990)

Summary The response of a density tool in the presence of casing is assessed by means of mathematical modeling. Response variations for changes in cement thickness and density, casing thickness, and tool standoff as a function of formation density and source energy are presented.
An Initial Analysis of Structured Video Interviews by Using Multimodal Emotion Detection (2014)

Recently online video interviews have been increasingly used in the employment process. Though several automatic techniques have emerged to analyze the interview videos, so far, only simple emotion analyses have been attempted, e.g. counting the number of smiles on the face of an interviewee. In this paper, we report our initial study of employing advanced multimodal emotion detection approaches for the purpose of measuring performance on an interview task that elicits emotion. On an acted interview corpus we created, we performed our evaluations using a Speech-based Emotion Recognition (SER) system, as well as an off-the-shelf facial expression analysis toolkit (FACET). While the results obtained suggest the promise of using FACET for emotion detection, the benefits of employing the SER are somewhat limited.
DNS Update Extension to IPv6 Secure Addressing (2013)

The Domain Name System (DNS) is a primary component of the Internet. It was for this reason that a DNS update mechanism was created and implemented giving hosts the ability to dynamically change DNS entries. But this new mechanism exposed DNS servers to new security vulnerabilities so some security protocols were introduced to address these issues. In Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4), these mechanisms did resolve most security issues which concerned the authentication between a node and the DNS server while in Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) networks this became more difficult. This is due to the fact most protocols introduced to organize the large IPv6 address space do not support DNS authentication or have no option for secure DNS updating. We propose an extension to SEcure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) that will allow for updating DNS records dynamically at the same time that the host sets its IP address and sends its Neighbor Advertisement (NA) message announcing its IP to other nodes on the network. If the SEND-enabled DNS server is in the same local link, then the DNS server updates the DNS Resource Records (RRs) by listening to these NA messages. If not, we propose the use of a Controlling Node (CN) with which to communicate with the DNS server via common, secure DNS Update messages. This CN mediates between local link nodes and the DNS server.
Forward error-correcting code for arbitrarymultiplexing levels in SDH fibre-optic transmission systems (1995)

A (18880, 18865) shortened Hamming error-correcting code is proposed for synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) line terminating multiplexers for all multiplexing levels. Parallel processing, reducing the clock rate, is realised on a CMOS LSI using an innovative matrix method, by which an optical experiment is conducted successfully.
Emulsifiers (1999)

Cereals & Grains Association is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the knowledge and understanding of cereal grain science through research leadership, education, superior technical service, and advocacy.
Closed-Loop Control Wind Tunnel Tests on an Adaptive Wind Turbine Blade for Load Reduction (2008)

Wind tunnel tests on a non-rotating, dynamically scaled wind turbine blade equipped with variable trailing edge geometry were carried out. The effectiveness of the system for active load reduction purposes, with the interaction between structural dynamics, aerodynamics and control was tested. The actuation of the adaptive trailing edge was based on a piezoelectric bender actuator. The full aeroservoelastic system was identified based on input and output measurement signals. A feedback controller, using strain signals on the blade root, was designed, tuned and applied on the system in order to minimize root bending moments. The results show remarkable performance in reduction of blade root strains for both open-loop and closed-loop tests. The sensitivity of various design and control parameters are analyzed both in the prescribed cases and in the feedback-controlled system.
Autosomal-Dominant Mode of Inheritance of a Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutation in a Patient with Severe Early-Onset Obesity Is Due to a Dominant-Negative Effect Caused by Receptor Dimerization (2003)

Mutations in the melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) gene are the most frequent monogenic causes of severe obesity. Most mutations have been described as heterozygous with loss of function, suggesting that haploinsufficiency is the most likely mechanism of dominant inheritance. We detected a heterozygous mutation, D90N, in a patient with severe early-onset obesity. Functional characterization of the mutant receptor revealed normal cell-surface expression and binding properties but loss of signal transduction activity. In coexpression studies of wild-type (WT)-MC4R and D90N, the mutant receptor had a dominant-negative effect on WT-receptor function. Further investigation of this effect with sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies showed that the WT-MC4R and the D90N mutant form homodimers and heterodimers. We hypothesize that the dominant-negative effect of the D90N mutation is caused by a functionally altered WT-MC4R/D90N receptor heterodimer. These findings necessitate the reinvestigation of other heterozygous MC4R missense mutations to discriminate between haploinsufficiency and a dominant-negative effect. The finding of receptor dimerization highlights a more complex hypothalamic signaling network governing the regulation of body weight.
Short-Cycle Therapy in Adolescents after Continuous Therapy with Established Viral Suppression: The Impact on Viral Load Suppression (2009)

This was a proof-of-principle study to evaluate the impact of short cycle therapy (SCT; 4 days on/3 days off) in adolescents and young adults with good viral suppression on a protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral regimen. Subjects were recruited by the Adolescent Trials Network for HIV/AIDS Interventions and the Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group. Subjects were infected either through perinatal/early childhood transmission or later via risk behaviors. All subjects were required to have at least 6 months of documented viral suppression below 400 copies/ml plus a preentry value below 200 copies/ml and an entry CD4+ T cell count above 350 cells/mm3. Of the 32 subjects enrolled, 12 (37.5%) had confirmed viral load rebound >400 copies, with 18 subjects (56%) coming off for any reason. The majority of subjects resuppressed when placed back onto continuous therapy using the same agents. Although no difference was found in virologic rebound rates between the early and later transmission groups, those infected early in life had higher rates of coming off SCT for any reason. There was no impact of SCT on the CD4+ T cell counts in those who remained on study or those who came off SCT for any reason. Subjects demonstrated good adherence to the SCT regimen. This study suggests that further evaluation of SCT may be warranted in some groups of adolescents and young adults infected with HIV.
Nosocomial infections in intensive care units: an overview of their epidemiology, outcome, and prevention. (1993)

Among all hospitalized patients, ICU patients are at greatest risk for both endemic and epidemic nosocomial infections. The highest infection rates are seen in surgical, burn, trauma, and neonatal ICUs. Acquisition of infection is a major determinant of mortality in ICUs, and prolongs the length of ICU stay. Predominant pathogens include Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and Candida spp. They are more likely to be resistant to antimicrobial agents than are isolates from elsewhere in the hospital. Exposure to invasive medical devices is the predominant risk factor for infection, and strategies to prevent infection are aimed at reducing microbial colonization on and around devices. Improvements in technology, such as coating devices with antimicrobial agents, have been shown to be efficacious in preventing infection. Handwashing, particularly with antiseptic soaps, remains the cornerstone of infection control in the ICU.
Column Performance and Stability for High-Speed Vacuum-Outlet GC of Volatile Organic Compounds Using Atmospheric Pressure Air as Carrier Gas (1999)

The development of lightweight, portable GC instrumentation is handicapped by the need for compressed carrier gas to drive the separation. The use of air as carrier gas eliminates the need for compressed gas tanks. If a vacuum pump is used to pull carrier gas and injected samples through the column, atmospheric pressure air can be used as carrier gas. Vacuum outlet operation also improves performance for high-speed separations by reducing detector dead time and by shifting optimal carrier gas velocity to higher values. Under vacuum outlet conditions using atmospheric pressure air as carrier gas, a 6-m-long, 0.25-mm-i.d. capillary column can generate approximately 12,500 theoretical plates, and a 12-m-long column can generate approximately 44,000 plates but with a 3-4-fold increase in separation time. The principal issues in column selection for high-speed GC with air as a carrier gas are efficiency and stability. Several bonded and nonbonded stationary phases were evaluated for use with air as carrier gas in the analysis of volatile organic compounds of interest in airmonitoring applications. These include dimethylpolysiloxane, 50% phenyl-50% methyl polysiloxane, 50% cycanopropylphenyl-50% methyl polysiloxane, trifluoropropyl polysiloxane, poly(ethylene glycol), and dicyanoallyl polysiloxane (nonbonded). The dimethyl polysiloxane and the trifluoropropyl polysiloxane columns showed good efficiency and no significant deterioration after 5 days of continuous operation with air as carrier gas. The 50% phenyl-50% methyl polysiloxane and the 50% cycanopropylphenyl-50% methyl polysiloxane columns showed poorer efficiency, and the poly(ethylene glycol) and dicyanoallyl polysiloxane columns showed excessive deterioration in air.
CramÉr–Rao Bound Analysis of Positioning Approaches in GNSS Receivers (2009)

Recently, direct position estimation (DPE) has arisen as a potential approach to deal with the positioning problem in global navigation satellite system receivers. The conventional navigation solution is obtained in two steps: synchronization parameters are estimated and then a trilateration procedure is in charge of computing user's position, based on those parameters. In contrast, DPE estimates receiver's position directly from digitized signal. DPE was seen to provide GNSS receivers with appealing capabilities, such as multipath mitigation. However, a theoretical bound for those estimates is still missing and the answer to ldquohow better can DPE perform compared to the conventional approach?rdquo has not been addressed in the literature. Aiming at clarifying those issues, this paper presents the derivation of the CramEacuter-Rao bound (CRB) of position for both conventional and DPE approaches. We present the derivation for a multiantenna receiver as a general case. In addition, a number of realistic scenarios are tested in order to compare the theoretical performance bounds of both alternatives and the actual root mean squared error performance of the corresponding maximum likelihood estimator.
An Efficient Pre-Traceback Approach for Viterbi Decoding in Wireless Communication (2005)

An efficient pre-traceback architecture is proposed for the survivor path memory unit (SMU) of a Viterbi decoder (VD) targeting wireless communication applications. Compared to the conventional traceback approach, which is based on three kinds of memory access operations (decision bits write, traceback read and decode read), the proposed architecture exploits the inherent parallelism between the decision bit write and the decode traceback operation by introducing a pre-traceback operation. The proposed pre-traceback approach reduces the survivor memory read operations by 50%. As a result of the reduction of the memory access operations, the size of the survivor memory as well as the decoding latency is reduced by as much as 25%. Implementation results show that the pre-traceback approach achieves up to 11% energy efficiency and 21% area saving compared to the conventional traceback architecture for typical wireless applications.
Band alignment between Ta2O5 and metals for resistive random access memory electrodes engineering (2013)

Band alignment of resistive random access memory (RRAM) switching material Ta2O5 and different metal electrode materials was examined using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Schottky and hole barrier heights at the interface between electrode and Ta2O5 were obtained, where the electrodes consist of materials with low to high work function (Φm,vac from 4.06 to 5.93 eV). Effective metal work functions were extracted to study the Fermi level pinning effect and to discuss the dominant conduction mechanism. An accurate band alignment between electrodes and Ta2O5 is obtained and can be used for RRAM electrode engineering and conduction mechanism study.
Pathological changes in the rabbit ileal loop model caused by Campylobacter jejuni from human colitis (1993)

Four strains of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from children with inflammatory diarrhoea were assayed in the rabbit ileal loop model of infectious diarrhoea. All caused inflammatory reactions with severe macroscopic and microscopic damage in infected rabbit ileal tissue similar to that observed in the patients by endoscopy and histological analysis of colonic biopsies. Haemoglobin and other proteins were observed in loop fluids, consistent with leakage of serum from damaged mucosa. Loop fluids also contained significant bicarbonate concentrations, indicative of an active secretory component similar to that in control loops inoculated with cholera toxin. However, although three of the four clinical strains produced small amounts of a protein immunologically related to cholera toxin in vitro, none such was detected in either tissues or fluids of infected ileal loops. We propose instead that host-derived mediators of secretion may be important in pathogenesis. A mutant strain of C. jejuni with impaired motility, obtained from the National Collection of Type Cultures, did not induce tissue damage or fluid secretion in rabbit ileal loops.
A needle probe to detect surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) within solid specimen (2017)

A needle probe has been developed to obtain surface enhanced Raman scattering data from within a solid specimen located remotely from the spectrometer. It produces the high signal strength of a single mode optical fiber but with a negligible fiber induced background. The observed Raman signal strength is comparable to that obtained with a microscope objective of the same numerical aperture in a conventional spectrometer arrangement and many times larger than that of probes using two fibers.
Induction and Prevention of Apoptosis in Human HEp-2 Cells by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (1999)

Cultured human epithelial cells infected with an ICP27 deletion strain of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) show characteristic features of apoptotic cells including cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, and DNA fragmentation. These cells do not show such apoptotic features when infected with a wild-type virus unless the infections are performed in the presence of a protein synthesis inhibitor. Thus, both types of virus induce apoptosis, but the ICP27-null virus is unable to prevent this process from killing the cells. In this report, we show that this ICP27-deficient virus induced apoptosis in human HEp-2 cells through a pathway which involved the activation of caspase-3 and the processing of the death substrates DNA fragmentation factor and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The induction of apoptosis by wild-type HSV-1 occurred prior to 6 h postinfection (hpi), and de novo viral protein synthesis was not required to induce the process. The ability of the virus to inhibit apoptosis was shown to be effective between 3 to 6 hpi. Wild-type HSV-1 infection was also able to block the apoptosis induced in cells by the addition of cycloheximide, staurosporine, and sorbitol. While U(S)3- and ICP22-deficient viruses showed a partial prevention of apoptosis, deletion of either the U(L)13 or vhs gene products did not affect the ability of HSV-1 to prevent apoptosis in infected cells. Finally, we demonstrate that in UV-inactivated viruses, viral binding and entry were not sufficient to induce apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest that either gene expression or another RNA metabolic event likely plays a role in the induction of apoptosis in HSV-1-infected human cells.
High frequency of centromere inactivation resulting in stable dicentric chromosomes of maize (2006)

Somatic chromosome spreads from maize (Zea mays L.) plants containing B-A translocation chromosomes undergoing the chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycle were examined by FISH. The size and type of extra chromosomes varied among cells of the same individual. A collection of minichromosomes derived from the chromosome type breakage-fusion-bridge cycle was examined for the presence of stable dicentric chromosomes. Six of 23 chromosomes in the collection contained two regions with DNA sequences typical of centromeres. Functional analysis and immunolabeling of CENH3, the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, revealed only one functional centromere per chromosome, despite the duplicate centromere sequences. One plant was found with an inactive B centromere that had been translocated to the short arm of chromosome 9. The translocated centromere region appeared identical to that of a normal B chromosome. The inactivation of the centromeres was stable for at least four generations. By using dicentrics from dispensable chromosomes, centromere inactivation was found to be quite common under these circumstances.