gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of acoustic focal position in an ultrasonic field. (2002)

We applied the ultrasonic diffraction method for recognizing an acoustic structure of muscle tissue and diagnosising a structural change of the part of disease disturbance. However, in this signal processing application, the recognition accuracy depends on the accuracy of location of the focal plane. It is also necessary to estimate the location of the focal plane within short time. On the other hand, The MUSIC algorithm is high-resolution algorithm for estimating arrival direction of a sound sources. In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the acoustic focal point using the MUSIC algorithm at two points, then calculate the location of the focus based on these two estimates of the focal point.
Characterization of Water Soluble Egg Yolk Proteins with Isoelectric Focusing (1989)

ABSTRACT Separation and characterization of some water‐soluble egg yolk proteins such as livetins and phosvitins were carried out by isoelectric focusing (IEF). The isoelectric points (IP) of phosvitins were in the pH‐range of around 4, those of the livetins were in the range of 4.3 − 7.6. There are occurring differences between the bands of α, β‐ and γ‐livetins. While the first mentioned had an amount of bands in the pH range 4.3‐4.7, the γ‐livetins indicated only a few. Above that, a large number of bands can be noted in the range 5.3 to 5.5 referring to the α, β‐livetins whereas none can be found when regarding the γ‐livetins.
Logarithmic Store-Carry-Forward Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Two schools of thought exist in terms of handling mobility in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). One is the traditional connection-based model, which views node mobility as undesirable and tries to either remove (through recovery schemes) or mask (through tolerant schemes) the effect of mobility. The other is the mobility-assisted model, which considers mobility as a desirable feature, where routing is based on the store-carry-forward paradigm with random or controlled movement of mobile nodes (called ferries). It is well known that mobility increases the capacity of MANETs by reducing the number of relays in routing. Surprisingly, only two models, diameter hop count in the connection-based model and constant hop count in the mobility-assisted model, which correspond to two extremes of the spectrum, have been systematically studied. In this paper, we propose a new routing model that deals with message routing, as well as trajectory planning, of the ferries that carry the message. A logarithmic number of relays are enforced to achieve a good balance among several contradictory goals, including increasing network capacity, increasing ferry sharing, and reducing moving distance. The model considers the dynamic control of ferries in terms of the number of ferries, trajectory planning of ferries, and node communication and synchronization. The effectiveness of the proposed model is evaluated analytically, as well as through simulation
Compact Quasi-Chaotic Optical Cavity (2005)

A novel, 3-dimensional, convex, multi-pass optical cavity with partially-chaotic ray dynamics is presented. The light is localized near stable, long-path length trajectories supported by the cavity, and beam diffraction is suppressed by the phase space barriers between the regions of regular and chaotic ray dynamics that are generally present in partially-chaotic systems. For a centimeter-size cavity, the design supports meter-scale optical path lengths, suggesting future applications in trace gas detection. An exemplary cavity has been fabricated from a hollow, gold-coated, acrylic shell. Our measurements using a HeNe laser and a pulsed red diode laser for characterization of the cavity beam pattern and optical path length, respectively, confirm the theoretically predicted optical dynamics and the ability of the cavity to support meter-scale path lengths.
Pulse modulation CMOS image sensor for bio-fluorescence imaging applications (2005)

For wide dynamic range, compatibility with digital circuits, and low-voltage operation, the pulse modulation technique is suitable for an implanted bioimage sensor. We demonstrate bio-fluorescence imaging of the hippocampus in a sliced mouse brain using a pulse modulation-based image sensor. The sensor architecture and system configuration are discussed. In addition, we develop an imaging device for implantation into a mouse brain in order to measure the neural activity in the hippocampus. The device is composed of a pulse modulation image sensor with 128/spl times/128 pixels and a fiber illuminator on a polyimide substrate.
Production in yeast of  -galactosidase A, a lysosomal enzyme applicable to enzyme replacement therapy for Fabry disease (2002)

A mammalian-like sugar moiety was created in glycoprotein by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in combination with bacterial alpha-mannosidase to produce a more economic enzyme replacement therapy for patients with Fabry disease. We introduced the human alpha-galactosidase A (alpha-GalA) gene into an S. cerevisiae mutant that was deficient in the outer chains of N-linked mannan. The recombinant alpha-GalA contained both neutral (Man(8)GlcNAc(2)) and acidic ([Man-P](1-2)Man(8)GlcNAc(2)) sugar chains. Because an efficient incorporation of alpha-GalA into lysosomes of human cells requires mannose-6-phosphate (Man-6-P) residues that should be recognized by the specific receptor, we trimmed down the sugar chains of the alpha-GalA by a newly isolated bacterial alpha-mannosidase. Treatment of the alpha-GalA with the alpha-mannosidase resulted in the exposure of a Man-6-P residue on a nonreduced end of oligosaccharide chains after the removal of phosphodiester-linked nonreduced-end mannose. The treated alpha-GalA was efficiently incorporated into fibroblasts derived from patients with Fabry disease. The uptake was three to four times higher than that of the nontreated alpha-GalA and was inhibited by the addition of 5 mM Man-6-P. Incorporated alpha-GalA was targeted to the lysosome, and hydrolyzed ceramide trihexoside accumulated in the Fabry fibroblasts after 5 days. This method provides an effective and economic therapy for many lysosomal disorders, including Fabry disease.
Pilot clinical study of a novel minimally invasive bipolar microneedle radiofrequency device (2009)

A novel fractional RF device utilizing a minimally invasive bipolar microneedle delivery system for the treatment of human tissue was developed. Treatment of 15 human subjects illustrated the controlled creation of dermally located thermal coagulation zones, herein known as radiofrequency thermal zones. We discovered that varying the pulse length allowed for fractional sparing of dermal tissue. To our knowledge, this is the first report to describe use of a direct real-time temperature and impedance feedback system to control energy delivery during deep dermal heating.
Mechanical processing of high<i>j</i><sub>c</sub>bscco superconductors (1992)

Abstract High J c superconducting oxides can be obtained by processing polycrystalline powders to achieve high degrees of densification and sharp crystallographic textures characterized by the conducting crystallographic planes lying parallel to the direction of the current flow (i.e., in the plane of a conducting tape or parallel to the axis of a wire). In the present study, we investigate the densification and texture evolution in a Pb doped Bi—Sr—Ca—Cu oxide (BSCCO) under axisymmetric and plane strain (channel die) compression. Experimental measurements of the microstructural evolution, including crystallographic texture and grain morphology, are presented as a function of the degree of deformation and densification. The orientations of the conducting planes (c planes) are shown by measured X-ray pole figures and analyses of these orientations are given for both tests. A model based on crystal plasticity theory is proposed to simulate the inelastic deformation and texturing of the BSCCO oxide. Predicted textures, under both axisymmetric and plane strain compression, agree well with the experimental observations. Analysis of the predicted orientation distribution of the cplanes with respect to the loading direction suggests that the most desirable texture for a high overall critical current density can be obtained by axisymmetric compression, but textures that should lead to high J c's are also obtained through plane strain compression.
Distributed Searchable Symmetric Encryption (2014)

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) allows a client to store encrypted data on a storage provider in such a way, that the client is able to search and retrieve the data selectively without the storage provider learning the contents of the data or the words being searched for. Practical SSE schemes usually leak (sensitive) information during or after a query (e.g., the search pattern). Secure schemes on the other hand are not practical, namely they are neither efficient in the computational search complexity, nor scalable with large data sets. To achieve efficiency and security at the same time, we introduce the concept of distributed SSE (DSSE), which uses a query proxy in addition to the storage provider. We give a construction that combines an inverted index approach (for efficiency) with scrambling functions used in private information retrieval (PIR) (for security). The proposed scheme, which is entirely based on XOR operations and pseudo-random functions, is efficient and does not leak the search pattern. For instance, a secure search in an index over one million documents and 500 keywords is executed in less than 1 second.
Comparison of RLS, LMS, and sign algorithms for tracking randomly time-varying channels (1994)

The performance of adaptive FIR filters governed by the recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm, the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, and the sign algorithm (SA), are compared when the optimal filtering vector is randomly time-varying. The comparison is done in terms of the steady-state excess mean-square estimation error /spl xi/ and the steady-state mean-square weight deviation, /spl eta/. It is shown that /spl xi/ does not depend on the spread of eigenvalues of the input covariance matrix, R, in the cases of the LMS algorithm and the SA, while it does in the case of the RLS algorithm. In the three algorithms, /spl eta/ is found to be increasing with the eigenvalue spread. The value of the adaptation parameter that minimizes /spl xi/ is different from the one that minimizes /spl eta/. It is shown that the minimum values of /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ attained by the RLS algorithm are equal to the ones attained by the LMS algorithm in any one of the three following cases: (1) if R has equal eigenvalues, (2) if the fluctuations of the individual elements of the optimal vector are mutually uncorrelated and have the same mean-square value, or (3) if R is diagonal and the fluctuations of the individual elements of the optimal vector have the same mean-square value. Conditions that make the values of /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ of the LMS algorithm smaller (or greater) than the ones of the RLS algorithm are derived. For Gaussian input data, the minimum values of /spl xi/ and /spl eta/ attained by the SA are found to exceed the ones attained by the LMS algorithm by 1 dB independently of R and the mutual correlation between the elements of the optimal vector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Logical topology augmentation for guaranteed survivability under multiple failures in IP-over-WDM optical network (2009)

The survivable logical topology mapping problem in an IP-over-WDM optical network is to map each link (u, v) in the logical topology (at the IP layer) into a lightpath between the nodes u and v in the physical topology (at the optical layer) such that failure of a physical link does not cause the logical topology to become disconnected. Kurant and Thiran [8] presented an algorithmic framework called SMART that involves successive contracting of circuits in the logical topology and mapping the logical links in the circuits into edge disjoint lightpaths in the physical topology. In a recent work [11] a dual framework involving cutsets was presented and it was shown that both these frameworks possess the same algorithmic structure. Algorithms CIRCUIT-SMART, CUTSET-SMART and INCIDENCE-SMART were also presented in [11]. All these algorithms suffer from one important shortcoming, namely, disjoint lightpaths for certain groups of logical links may not exist in the physical topology. Therefore, in such cases, we will have to augment the logical graph with new logical links to guarantee survivability. In this paper we address this augmentation problem. We first show that if a logical topology is a chordal graph then it admits a survivable mapping as long as the physical topology is 3-edge connected and the logical topology is 2-edge connected. We identify one such chordal graph. We then show how to embed this chordal graph on a logical topology to guarantee survivability. We also show how this augmentation approach can be generalized to guarantee survivability under multiple failures.
Angiogenic gene therapy (2002)

Angiogenesis, which is defined as the outgrowth of nutritive vessels from locally preexisting ones, is primarily based on the outgrowth of locally present endothelial cells and implies a delicate balance where both stimulating and inhibitory factors can influence the outcome. The primary players starting the process are the vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGFs), which stimulate endothelial cell growth, although some other key factors such as fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), placental growth factors (PIGFs), platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) and angiopoietins must come into play for vessels to mature and not deteriorate. Two possibilities exist in terms of local delivery of the angiogenic proteins. One is the delivery of the protein in a slow-release formulation. Fibrin or alginate formulations have been implanted, sub-epicardially releasing FGF. Another approach to get a local delivery over a period of time is gene therapy by local delivery of the vector carrying the therapeutic gene or with the development of vectors that are taken up and expressed only in the organ of interest. A transient overexpression, desirable for the treatment of ischemic heart disease, can be achieved with adenoviral vectors or naked plasmid. With VEGF gene transfection, angiogenesis and reendothelialization were demonstrated in animal cardiac ischemia models showing proof of principle for cardiac therapy and paving the way for clinical trials. Currently, about 200 patients have been treated with intramyocardial VEGF gene therapy for peripheral occlusive artery disease or for myocardial ischemia. Reported adverse events have been few and no worsening of atherosclerosis following treatment has been observed.
Augmented Reality driving supported by Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (2013)

The confined space of a car and the configuration of its controls and displays towards the driver, offer significant advantages for Augmented Reality (AR) systems in terms of the immersion level provided to the user. In addition, the inherent mobility and virtually unlimited power autonomy transform cars into perfect mobile computing platforms. However, the limited network connectivity that is currently available in automobiles leads to the design of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) that create AR objects based only on the information generated by on-board sensors, stored maps and databases, and eventually high-latency online content for Internet-enabled vehicles. By combining the new paradigm of Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking (VANET) with AR human machine interfaces, we show that it is possible to design novel cooperative ADAS, that base the creation of AR content on the information collected from neighbouring vehicles or roadside infrastructures. We provide a prototype implementation of a visual AR system that can significantly improve the driving experience.
Cascade removal and microPET imaging with<sup>76</sup>Br (2009)

PET imaging with non-standard nuclides has limitations due to the reduced spatial resolution from the positron range and from the concurrent emission of other gamma rays during the decay process. Particularly in high-resolution small animal PET imaging, these factors become detrimental for accurate quantitation of the activity concentrations from the reconstructed images. This paper presents an evaluation for imaging with such a nuclide, (76)Br, through imaging of specifically designed phantoms in a high-resolution small animal PET scanner. A model is presented for the calculation and removal of fortuitous cascade gamma ray coincidences based on estimation of the activity distribution and the attenuation correction file. In this evaluation, it is shown that 2 mm spatial resolution can be achieved with (76)Br while 1.7 mm was achieved with (18)F using a filtered back projection algorithm despite the much higher end-point energy of the positrons from (76)Br. A detailed evaluation of the point spread function for this nuclide was fitted by a double Gaussian function and explained the long tail from the high-energy positrons. These evaluations are crucial for accurate correction for partial volume effects and to provide accurate measurement of the activity concentrations in small animal PET imaging.
Predicting Michael-acceptor reactivity and toxicity through quantum chemical transition-state calculations (2011)

The electrophilic reactivity of Michael acceptors is an important determinant of their toxicity. For a set of 35 α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, ketones and esters with experimental rate constants of their reaction with glutathione (GSH), k(GSH), quantum chemical transition-state calculations of the corresponding Michael addition of the model nucleophile methane thiol (CH(3)SH) have been performed at the B3LYP/6-31G** level, focusing on the 1,2-olefin addition pathway without and with initial protonation. Inclusion of Boltzmann-weighting of conformational flexibility yields intrinsic reaction barriers ΔE(‡) that for the case of initial protonation correctly reflect the structural variation of k(GSH) across all three compound classes, except that they fail to account for a systematic (essentially incremental) decrease in reactivity upon α-substitution. By contrast, the reduction in k(GSH) through β-substitution is well captured by ΔE(‡). Empirical correction for the α-substitution effect yields a high squared correlation coefficient (r(2) = 0.96) for the quantum chemical prediction of log k(GSH), thus enabling an in silico screening of the toxicity-relevant electrophilicity of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls. The latter is demonstrated through application of the calculation scheme for a larger set of 46 Michael-acceptor aldehydes, ketones and esters with experimental values for their toxicity toward the ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis in terms of 50% growth inhibition values after 48 h exposure (EC(50)). The developed approach may add in the predictive hazard evaluation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyls such as for the European REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) Directive, enabling in particular an early identification of toxicity-relevant Michael-acceptor reactivity.
상담일반 : 감사성향 척도 개발 및 타당화 (2010)

본 연구는 감사성향 측정도구를 개발하고 타당화하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 감사에 관한 심리학분야의 문헌들과 측정도구, 개방형 설문결과를 토대로 감사의 개념과 구성요소를 탐색하여 인지적, 정서적, 행동적 요소를 반영한 측정도구를 개발하고자 하였으며, 개발된 도구에 대하여 신뢰도와 타당도를 검증하였다. 개방형 설문은 대학생 및 박사과정생 34명을 대상으로 실시하였으며, 요인분석과 신뢰도, 타당도 검증을 위한 조사에 참여한 대상은 대학생 및 성인 353명이었다. 연구결과 첫째, 감사성향 척도는 ``감사 대상에 대한 인식과 인정`` 요인 15문항과 ``감사 정서 체험 및 반응경향성`` 요인 15문항으로 구성된 5점 척도의 2요인 30문항으로 구성되었다. 둘째, 감사성향 척도의 신뢰도는 내적일관성 계수 .908, 반분신뢰도 .857로 검사도구로서 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 감사성향과 관련된 낙관성, 생활만족도, 정적-부적정서, 심리적 안녕감과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 의미 있는 상관관계를 나타내었으며, 특히 심리적 안녕감과 높은 상관을 보임으로써 양호한 공인타당도를 확보하고 있음을 보여주었다. 끝으로 감사성향 척도를 정신건강과 관련된 지표로 활용할 수 있는 가능성과 시사점에 대해 논의하였다.
A phase III randomized trial comparing concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy with radiotherapy alone in resectable stage III and IV squamous cell head and neck cancer: Preliminary results (1997)

Continuous-course radiotherapy and concurrent combination chemotherapy is an intensive, toxic but tolerable treatment regimen, which, when compared with radio therapy alone, can produce an improvement in relapse-free survival, a decrease in distant metastases, and an improvement in overall survival with successful primary site preservation.
Phase II Clinical Trial of Titanocene Dichloride in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2000)

Background: Titanocene dichloride (MKT4) is a recently developed cytostatic agent that shows preclinical activity against human breast cancer xenograft models in nude mice. A phase II trial was conducted to evaluate the clinical activity of this inorganic early-transition metal complex in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Fifteen patients were enrolled into this multicenter phase II trial. Twelve patients with a median age of 58 years were eligible for toxicity and response. All 12 patients had prior surgery and metastatic disease at study entry. Seven patients had prior radiotherapy, 9 patients had prior hormone therapy, and 8 patients had prior adjuvant chemotherapy. No previous chemotherapy for metastatic disease was allowed. Titanocene dichloride was intravenously administered at a dose of 270 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. Results: Among the 12 eligible patients evaluable for response, no objective remission was observed. Two patients (17%) showed a ‘minor remission’, and 5 patients (42%) experienced a ‘no change’ situation of their disease. Moderate to severe drug-related toxicities (CTC grade II–III) affecting the gastrointestinal, neurological, hepatic and renal system occurred in the majority of patients. Therefore, in 5 patients the dose had to be reduced to 240 mg/m2. Conclusion: MKT4, given at a dose of 240–270 mg/m2 in this schedule, was not effective in patients with metastatic breast cancer. The tolerability of the 3-weekly dosing regimen was acceptable when the MKT4 dose was reduced to 240 mg/m2.
Antisense inhibition of cytosolic phosphorylase in potato plants (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) affects tuber sprouting and flower formation with only little impact on carbohydrate metabolism (1997)

To determine the function of cytosolic phosphorylase (Pho2; EC 2.4.1.1), transgenic potato plants were created in which the expression of the enzyme was inhibited by introducing a chimeric gene containing part of the coding region for cytosolic phosphorylase linked in antisense orientation to the 35S CaMV promotor. As revealed by Northern blot analysis and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the expression of cytosolic phosphorylase was strongly inhibited in both leaves and tubers of the transgenic plants. The transgenic plants propagated from stem cuttings were morphologically indiscernible from the wild-type. However, sprouting of the transgenic potato tubers was significantly altered: compared with the wild-type, transgenic tubers produced 2.4 to 8.1 times more sprouts. When cultivated in the greenhouse, transgenic seed tubers produced two to three times more shoots than the wild-type. Inflorescences appeared earlier in the resulting plants. Many of the transgenic plants flowered two or three times successively. Transgenic plants derived from seed tubers formed 1.6 to 2.4 times as many tubers per plant as untransformed controls. The size and dry matter content of the individual tubers was not noticeably altered. Tuber yield was significantly higher in the transgenic plants. As revealed by carbohydrate determination of freshly harvested and stored tubers, starch and sucrose pools were not noticeably affected by the antisense inhibition of cytosolic phosphorylase; however, glucose and fructose levels were markedly reduced after prolonged storage. These results favour the view that cytosolic phosphorylase does not participate in starch degradation. The possible links between the reduced levels of cytosolic phosphorylase and the observed changes with respect to sprouting and flowering are discussed.