gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth of Ultrastable Protein–Silica Composite Crystals (2013)

Protein crystals were obtained in a wide range of silica gel concentrations, 2.0–22.0% (v/v), using the counter-diffusion technique. The protein crystal lattice incorporates silica fibers during their growth, making the crystal appear optically translucent while maintaining the diffraction quality. The effect of the silica fibers on the nucleation and growth morphology is discussed, and the amount of incorporated silica matrix is quantified. The practical implications of the presence of a high hygroscope phase on the crystal properties are discusse, and the improvement of the mechanical properties and stability of the crystals is shown. These reinforced protein crystals, able to include large amounts of silica, open a new range of possibilities for the characterization of protein crystals and the application in the biotechnological industry.
Polymyxins: A New Hope in Combating Gram-Negative Superbugs? (2016)

Polymyxins have emerged as an important last-line of defense against Gram-negative 'superbugs'. Unfortunately, the effective use of polymyxins in the clinic has been hampered by their nephrotoxic side effects. Over the last 10 years various industry and academic groups across the globe have been trying to develop new polymyxins that are safer and more efficacious than the currently approved polymyxin B and colistin. However these drug discovery programs are yet to deliver a new and improved polymyxin drug into the clinic. In this piece we provide an overview of the current state of these polymyxin drug discovery programs from a medicinal chemistry perspective as well as some thoughts on how future drug discovery efforts may ultimately find success.
España puesta a prueba: 1976-1996 (1997)

LTBI prevalence and LTBI test conversion rates were high among Georgian HCWs, especially among those working at TB HCFs. These data highlight the need for increased implementation of TB infection control measures.
Neutralliganden mit Tensidstruktur – Synthese, Komplexierung, Ionentransfer (1983)

Abstract Neue Tensid‐verwandte, lipophile Neutralliganden vom Kronenether‐ und Podandtyp (s. Formeln 1 – 12 , 16 – 26 ) wurden synthetisiert. Ihre Komplexierungseigenschaften, ihr fest/flüssig‐ sowie flüssig/flüssig‐Phasentransfervermögen für Ionen und ihre Wirksamkeit beim Ionentransport durch eine flüssige Modellmembran wurden untersucht. Von den Cyclen 2a – 4a und 3e sind kristalline stöchiometrische NaSCN‐, Ba(SCN) 2 ‐ und Bal 2 ‐Komplexe isolierbar. Unter den offenkettigen Tensidliganden konnte nur von 11 ein Komplex mit Bal 2 erhalten werden. Der Ligand 8d zeigt in Wasser Tensidcharakter mit Micellbildung und Trübungspunkt.
The Curve of Least Energy (1983)

article Free Access Share on The Curve of Least Energy Author: B. K. P. Horn The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MA The Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 545 Technology Square, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on Mathematical SoftwareVolume 9Issue 4Dec. 1983 pp 441–460https://doi.org/10.1145/356056.356061Published:01 December 1983Publication History 162citation1,039DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations162Total Downloads1,039Last 12 Months59Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Long-range phase synchronization of high-frequency oscillations in human cortex (2020)

Inter-areal synchronization of neuronal oscillations at frequencies below ~100 Hz is a pervasive feature of neuronal activity and is thought to regulate communication in neuronal circuits. In contrast, faster activities and oscillations have been considered to be largely local-circuit-level phenomena without large-scale synchronization between brain regions. We show, using human intracerebral recordings, that 100-400 Hz high-frequency oscillations (HFOs) may be synchronized between widely distributed brain regions. HFO synchronization expresses individual frequency peaks and exhibits reliable connectivity patterns that show stable community structuring. HFO synchronization is also characterized by a laminar profile opposite to that of lower frequencies. Importantly, HFO synchronization is both transiently enhanced and suppressed in separate frequency bands during a response-inhibition task. These findings show that HFO synchronization constitutes a functionally significant form of neuronal spike-timing relationships in brain activity and thus a mesoscopic indication of neuronal communication per se.
Regulation of Macrophage Inflammatory Gene Expression by the Orphan Nuclear Receptor Nur77 (2005)

Members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily have emerged as important regulators of macrophage gene expression in inflammation and disease. Previous studies have shown that the lipid-activated receptors peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor and liver X receptor inhibit nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling and inflammatory gene expression. We recently identified the NR4A subfamily of orphan nuclear receptors (Nur77/NR4A1, Nurr1/NR4A2, and NOR1/NR4A3) as lipopolysaccharide- and NF-kappaB-responsive genes in macrophages. However, the role of these transcription factors in macrophage gene expression is unknown. We demonstrate here that, in contrast to peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor and liver X receptor, the role of NR4A receptors in macrophages is proinflammatory. Retroviral expression of Nur77 in macrophages leads to the transcriptional activation of multiple genes involved in inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle control. One particularly interesting Nur77-responsive gene is the inducible kinase IKKi/IKKepsilon, an important component of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. The IKKi promoter contains a functional NR4A binding site and is activated by all three NR4A receptors in transient transfection assays. Consistent with the activation of IKKi, expression of Nur77 in macrophages potentiates the induction of inflammatory gene expression in response to lipopolysaccharide. These results identify a new role for NR4A orphan nuclear receptors in the control of macrophage gene expression during inflammation.
Temperature-sensitive steps in the transport of secretory proteins through the Golgi complex in exocrine pancreatic cells. (1986)

The effect of temperature on secretory protein transport was studied by cell fractionation of rat pancreatic lobules, pulse-labeled in vitro with [35S]methionine and chased for 60 min at 16, 20, or 37 degrees C. Chase at 37 degrees C allowed secretory proteins to reach a zymogen granule fraction, whereas chase at 16 or 20 degrees C led to their extensive retention in a total microsomal fraction. To pinpoint the sites of transport inhibition, total microsomes were subfractionated by flotation in a sucrose density gradient. Five bands were resolved, of which the heaviest or B1 (density = 1.20 g/ml) consisted primarily of rough microsomes. The lighter fractions, B2 (1.17 g/ml), B3 (1.15 g/ml), and B4 (1.14-1.13 g/ml), consisted primarily of smooth vesicles derived from Golgi elements. B4 had the highest specific activity for galactosyltransferase, a trans Golgi cisternal marker; B2, B3, and B4 are assumed to represent cis, middle, and trans Golgi subcompartments, respectively. At the end of a 2-min pulse, a single peak of labeled proteins colocalized with B1. During subsequent 60-min chases, labeled proteins advanced to B2 at 16 degrees C and to B3 at 20 degrees C. At 37 degrees C the radioactivity remaining in the total microsomal fraction was distributed among four peaks (B1-B4). The results indicate that transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex is strongly inhibited below 20 degrees C. At 16 degrees C, the bulk of the cohort of labeled secretory proteins is still in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, but its advancing front reaches cis Golgi elements. At 20 degrees C, the front advances to a middle Golgi compartment, and at 37 degrees C most of the cohort (approximately 70%) reaches condensing vacuoles and zymogen granules. It is concluded that transport steps along the endoplasmic reticulum-plasmalemma pathway have distinct temperature requirements.
Sustained versus transient cyclic AMP intracellular levels: effect on thyrotropin-dependent growth of thyroid cells. (1997)

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is the second messenger that stimulates growth and differentiation of thyroid cells, which are dependent upon thyrotropin for the initiation of the cell cycle. Treatment of thyroid cells with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine (IBMX), RO-20-1724, or aminophylline, induces persistent levels of cAMP and blocks cell proliferation. IBMX-treated cells are arrested at the G1-S border, but removal of the drug allows cell growth to resume. The inhibiting effect of IBMX is dose dependent, and the phase of the cell cycle is irrelevant. These data indicate that prolonged and steady accumulation of cAMP blocks the cell cycle in thyroid cells.
Exploiting AMR-WB Audio Bandwidth Extension for Quality and Capacity Increase (2007)

Audio bandwidth extension in AMR-WB to twice of that used in AMR-NB provides essential subjective speech quality improvements, while the link level performance in GERAN networks for codec modes of comparable source bit rate is similar. This study analyzes the effect of improved audio perception as well as the impact of channel errors and call drops on the network performance. Profound system level simulations for relaxed 4times3 and 3times3 frequency re-use as well as tight 1times1 reuse have been performed In 4times3 and 3times3 re-use networks, whose capacity is limited by hard-blocking, the audio advantage provided by AMR-WB is entirely transformed into quality improvements. These amount almost one third on the speech quality indicator (SQI) scale ranging from zero to one. The capacity of 1times1 re-use networks is primarily limited through soft-blocking criteria. Four different quality criteria have been applied: SQI, frame erasure rate (FER), bad quality probability (BQP), and call drop rate (CDR). If only the subjective speech quality criteria were taken into account an increase in network capacity from 21% Erlang fractional load (EFL) for AMR-NB to 32% for AMR-WB is feasible. Since this quality indicator is rather related to general speech quality impression than to intelligibility, additional FER based quality criteria and CDR have been applied. Requiring additionally BQP lower than 5% and CDR lower than 2% limits the capacity of AMR-WB tight re-use networks to 21% EFL. Exactly the same capacity is achieved by AMR-NB, for which subjective speech quality is the more restrictive criterion. Exchanging the BQP criterion by the more restrictive criterion of mean FER per call lower than 2% for 95% of the subscribers leads to capacity advantages for AMR-NB due to lack of sufficiently robust AMR-WB codec modes and the higher latency in codec mode adaptation using tandem free operation. Results indicate that tight re-use networks should not exploit first glance quality advantage of AMR-WB. Instead for the definition of admission control thresholds FER and BQP criteria shall be taken into consideration in addition to subjective speech quality impression.
The Titan Graphics Supercomputer architecture (1988)

The design criteria for the Titan are outlined, and the hardware, architecture, and implementation developed to meet them are examined. The key architectural elements in Titan are described, and the reasoning behind their selection is presented. Titan's processor subsystem is explored, focusing on how it reduces the cost and complexity of graphics-specific hardware. The design constraints and implementation of the I/O subsystem are discussed. The Titan operating system, compilers, and graphics software are described, and a statistical summary of Titan's performance is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Risk of Growing Fast: Does fast growth have a negative impact on the survival rates of firms? (2012)

Fast-growing firms are considered as the central drivers of job creation in the economy. There is an abundance of literature on the separate subjects of firm growth and firm survival. However, the relationship between survival and growth is neglected. Using the Dutch Longitudinal Enterprise Database 1993-1999, we investigate whether high employment growth rates in the recent past have a negative impact on firm survival. Our result shows an inverted U-shaped relationship. The probability of exiting due to firm death initially decreases with employment growth, until a certain employment growth is reached. Further investigation shows that the inverted U-shaped relationship is not significantly large for many firms. Thus, we find no evidence that policies stimulating fast-growing firms may result in more firm deaths.
Learning to extract form labels (2008)

In this paper we describe a new approach to extract element labels from Web form interfaces. Having these labels is a requirement for several techniques that attempt to retrieve and integrate information that is hidden behind form interfaces, such as hidden Web crawlers and metasearchers. However, given the wide variation in form layout, even within a well-defined domain, automatically extracting these labels is a challenging problem. Whereas previous approaches to this problem have relied on heuristics and manually specified extraction rules, our technique makes use of a learning classifier ensemble to identify element-label mappings; and it applies a reconciliation step which leverages the classifier-derived mappings to boost extraction accuracy. We present a detailed experimental evaluation using over three thousand Web forms. Our results show that our approach is effective: it obtains significantly higher accuracy and is more robust to variability in form layout than previous label extraction techniques.
<I>Human Interferon—β Therapy for Cerebral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors<I> (1995)

A 5-year-old girl and a 2-year-old boy presented with recurrent cerebral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) and were treated with intravenous administration of human fibroblast interferon (HuIFN-beta) which was continued as outpatient maintenance therapy. Both patients showed a partial response and were still alive 14 months and 2 years after diagnosis. Our results suggest that HuIFN-beta is an effective therapy for PNET, and can be used as long-term maintenance therapy without serious side effects.
Goal Description Language for Semantic Web Service Automatic Composition (2005)

Current Web service composition requires manual process modeling, which is hard to adapt to users' various requirements and becomes more and more difficult with the explosion of Web service resources. It proposes goal-driven Web service automatic composition protocol stack to achieve automatic process modeling. Based on ontology description language OWL (Web ontology language), it comes up with a goal description language, which lies on the top of stack and tries to catch users' requirements or preferences on requesting services. It describes the goals needed to be achieved, relationships within goals and constrains when achieving the goals. Finally, it also provides a way to detect the inconsistency in goal description. It takes an important step towards goal-driven Web service automatic composition. The work in this paper aims at building a bridge between users' requirement and the implementation.
Enterovirus Capsid Interactions with Decay-Accelerating Factor Mediate Lytic Cell Infection (2004)

The cellular receptor usage of numerous human enteroviruses can differ significantly between low-cell-culture-passaged clinical isolates and highly laboratory-passaged prototype strains. The prototype strain of coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) displays a dual-receptor specificity as determined with a receptor complex consisting of decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). In this study, the cellular receptor interactions of low-cell-passage CVA21 clinical isolates with respect to their interactions with cell surface-expressed DAF and ICAM-1 were compared to those of the CVA21 prototype (Kuykendall) strain. Dual-receptor usage of DAF and ICAM-1 by CVA21 clinical isolates was confirmed by cell transfection and radiolabeled binding assays. The cellular attachment of clinical and prototype CVA21 strains to cells that coexpressed DAF and ICAM-1 was not additive compared to the viral binding to cells expressing one or other receptor. In fact, the binding data suggest there is an inhibition of CVA21 cellular attachment in environments where high-level coexpression of both DAF and ICAM-1 occurs. Antibody cross-linking of DAF rendered cells susceptible to lytic infection by the CVA21 clinical isolates. In a novel finding, three clinical isolates could, to various degrees, infect and lyse DAF-expressing cells in the absence of DAF-antibody cross-linking and ICAM-1 expression. Sequence analysis of the P1 region of clinical and prototype virus genomes identified a number of coding changes that may contribute to the observed enhanced DAF usage phenotype of the clinical CVA21 isolates. None of the amino acid changes was located in the previously postulated ICAM-1 footprint, a receptor-binding environment that was conserved on the capsid surface of all CVA21 clinical isolates. Taken together, the data suggest that community-circulating strains of CVA21 can infect target cells expressing either ICAM-1 or DAF alone and that such interactions extend tissue tropism and impact directly on viral pathogenesis.
A Newton-Raphson algorithm with adaptive accuracy control based on a block-preconditioned conjugate gradient technique (2005)

A fast Newton-Raphson algorithm is developed for the finite-element solution of nonlinear boundary value problems. The linearized equation systems in the nonlinear iteration steps are solved by a block-preconditioned conjugate gradient (CG) technique, in which the stopping criterion of the CG iteration is adaptively controlled by the nonlinear residual error. The Jacobian matrix is partitioned into linear and nonlinear blocks, thereby allowing the relatively rapid generation of an efficient multiplicative preconditioner for the CG iteration. The results obtained for a magnetostatic and a coupled steady conduction-static thermal problem confirm the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Intelligent Robot Guidance in Fixed External Camera Network for Navigation in Crowded and Narrow Passages (2016)

Autonomous indoor service robots use the same passages which are used by people for navigation to specific areas. These robots are equipped with visual sensors, laser or sonar based range estimation sensors to avoid collision with obstacles, people, and other moving robots. However, these sensors have a limited range and are often installed at a lower height (mostly near the robot base) which limits the detection of far-off obstacles. In addition, these sensors are positioned to see forward, and robot is often ’blind’ about objects (ex. people and robots) moving behind the robot which increases the chances of collision. In places like warehouses, the passages are often narrow which can cause deadlocks. We propose to use a network of external cameras fixed on the ceiling (ex. surveillance cameras) to guide the robots by informing about moving obstacles from behind and far-off regions. This enables the robot to have a ’birds-eye view’ of the navigation space which enables it to take decisions in real-time to avoid the obstacles efficiently. The camera sensor network is also able to notify the robots about moving obstacles around blind-turns. A mutex based resource sharing scheme in camera sensor network is proposed which allows multiple robots to intelligently share narrow passages through which only one of the robots/person can pass at a given time. Experimental results in simulation and real scenarios show that the proposed method is effective in robot navigation in crowded and narrow passages.
Thermodynamics of materials (1994)

Thermodynamics: Review. Statistical Thermodynamics. Defects in Solids. Surfaces and Interfaces. Diffusion. Transformations. Reaction Kinetics. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics. Index.
The Chemistry of Ozone During Pulp Bleaching (1997)

Abstract Using competition kinetics in the presence of various OH• radical scavengers, viscosity losses in ozonized pulp were shown to be caused by the cellulose reacting with both OH• radicals and ozone. The source of the OH• radicals was concluded to be the reaction between ozone and lignin, where OH• formation was ∼0.5–3%. In the presence of ozone and oxygen, a chain reaction occurs in which OH•, O2 −•, and cellulose-based radicals all function as chain carriers. At kappa numbers >2, the cellulose was degraded almost exclusively by OH• radicals. At the final kappa number of 2, ∼50% of the viscosity loss was from direct attack of ozone on the cellulose.
OCCUPANT BEHAVIOR AND SCHEDULE PREDICTION BASED ON OFFICE APPLIANCE ENERGY CONSUMPTION DATA MINING (2013)

Plug load and Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems are the two largest energy consumers in commercial buildings. The use of the 2 systems is closely related to occupant behavior and schedule. It is significant to learn the occupant behavior pattern and predict occupancy schedule for controlling the systems to save energy. A data mining study is performed on the office appliance energy consumption data to predict the individual occupant behavior and the occupancy schedule in an open office space. An experiment is conducted for 2 weeks by using wireless electric outlet meters. The 5minute interval electricity consumption data of computers, computer monitors, task lights, and other office appliances are monitored for 6 office workers. Occupant behavior is categorized as “Occupied computer-based work”, “Occupied non-computer-based work”, “Unoccupied remote work”, and “Unoccupied”. C4.5 algorithm is used for pattern recognition over the appliance electricity consumption data individually. The average percentage of correct of the 6 individuals is 92.39% using 10-fold cross validation. The occupancy schedule for the space is predicted by using total energy consumption of each subject with Linear Regression algorithm. The correlation coefficient is 0.92 using 10-fold cross validation. The results suggest the models are feasible and can be applied to the plug load and HVAC control systems to reduce energy consumptions.
Iron Compounds (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Iron Sulfates 1.1. Iron(II) Sulfate 1.2. Iron(III) Sulfate 2. Iron Chlorides 2.1. Iron(III) Chloride 2.2. Iron(II) Chloride 3. Iron Pentacarbonyl 3.1. Properties 3.2. Production 3.3. Quality Specifications and Analysis 3.4. Safety, Storage, and Transportation 3.5. Uses 3.6. Economic Aspects 3.7. Toxicology and OccupationalHealth 4. Iron Compounds, Miscellaneous 5. Iron Compounds for the Treatment of Anemia 6. Regeneration of Iron‐Containing PicklingBaths 6.1. Sulfuric Acid Pickling Solutions 6.1.1. Crystallization 6.1.2. Electrolysis 6.2. Hydrochloric Acid Pickling Solutions 6.3. Nitric and Hydrofluoric Acid Pickling Solutions