gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Well-Defined Thermoresponsive Polyphosphoester Macroinitiators Using Organocatalysts (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis of Well-Defined Thermoresponsive Polyphosphoester Macroinitiators Using OrganocatalystsYasuhiko Iwasaki* and Etsuko YamaguchiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita-shi, Osaka 564-8680, Japan*Corresponding author: Fax +81-6-6368-0090; Tel +81-6-6368-0090; e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 6, 2664–2666Publication Date (Web):February 26, 2010Publication History Received1 February 2010Revised19 February 2010Published online26 February 2010Published inissue 23 March 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma100242shttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma100242srapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3362Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Organocatalysts,Polymers,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Automated recognition of patterns characteristic of subcellular structures in fluorescence microscopy images (1998)

Methods for numerical description and subsequent classification of cellular protein localization patterns are described. Images representing the localization patterns of 4 proteins and DNA were obtained using fluorescence microscopy and divided into distinct training and test sets. The images were processed to remove out-of-focus and background fluorescence and 2 sets of numeric features were generated: Zernike moments and Haralick texture features. These feature sets were used as inputs to either a classification tree or a neural network. Classifier performance (the average percent of each type of image correctly classified) on previously unseen images ranged from 63% for a classification tree using Zernike moments to 88% for a backpropagation neural network using a combination of features from the 2 feature sets. These results demonstrate the feasibility of applying pattern recognition methods to subcellular localization patterns, enabling sets of previously unseen images from a single class to be classified with an expected accuracy greater than 99%. This will provide not only a new automated way to describe proteins, based on localization rather than sequence, but also has potential application in the automation of microscope functions and in the field of gene discovery.
Competitive labelling, a method for determining the reactivity of individual groups in proteins. The amino groups of porcine elastase (1971)

1. A method is described for determining the ionization constants and reactivities of individual amino groups in proteins. The principle is that in the presence of a trace amount of radioactive label, the various reactive groups in a protein molecule will compete for the label and the amount incorporated into any one group will be determined by its nucleophilicity, pK and micro-environment. The relative amounts of label incorporated into various groups will be proportional to their second-order rate constants and by comparing these rate constants with those expected on the basis of a linear free-energy relationship obtained with a series of standard compounds, the micro-environment can be defined for a particular amino group. 2. The method consists of treating a protein and an internal standard with a limiting amount of radioactive reagent and then with an excess of unlabelled reagent to yield a chemically homogeneous but heterogeneously labelled compound. After appropriate enzymic digestion peptides containing each labelled group are isolated and their rates of reaction, relative to the internal standard, are determined from their specific radioactivities. The entire procedure is repeated at several pH values. 3. When the method was applied to the amino groups of porcine elastase by using tritiated acetic anhydride as the labelling reagent, the N-terminus was found to have pK(a) 9.7 and a much lower than normal reactivity. Lysine-87 and lysine-224 were found to have pK(a) 10.3 and normal reactivities. At pH values greater than 10.5 there are discontinuities in all the titration curves, indicating that the entire molecule is undergoing a structural reorganization.
Detection and control of ferroelectric domains by an electrostatic force microscope (1998)

An electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) method has been used for the detection and control of the microdomain in ferroelectric single crystal [triglycine sulfate (TGS)] and thin film piezoelectric transducer (PZT). In this method, EFM is operated in a dynamic contact mode that allows a simultaneous measurement of the topographic and domain contrast images. Through the analysis of the force between the tip and ferroelectric surface, the surface charge density of TGS single crystal is obtained. Polarization charge density of TGS obtained in this method is 2.7 μC/cm2 at room temperature. A complex pattern was written on a PZT film by the polarization reversal. The line shape or the intensity of the reoriented domain does not show any noticeable dependence on the writing speed. The threshold bias for writing on a PZT film studied in this work was 4 V.
The transaction-based pricing trend [for software packages] (1996)

There are two major reasons that pricing of user licenses for software has been a continual struggle: (1) software doesn't wear out-throwing suspicion on depreciation-based structures-and (2) the cost of replication is infinitesimal-raising questions about unit pricing. The problems of pricing grow in direct proportion to the anticipated number of users per license. With the trend towards object-oriented programming, it may be time to move towards a new regimen that more closely aligns the price of software with the continuing benefits that users derive. What if each object included an embedded pricing function? The pricing function would set the price that the designer would pay the object's author. Each time the program was licensed to a user, the designer would receive an invoice that was automatically generated by the object. This permits the author to post the object in its entirety within an electronic catalog and wait for the royalty checks to arrive. The embedded pricing function presents several problems. First and foremost, it presupposes that the user is going to pay a flat fee for using the program. This supposition is based on the premise that all users are alike or so nearly alike that a single pricing scheme could be implemented. To avoid this problem, the price users are charged for the program must be directly tied to the benefits they derive. Each time the program completes an activity, the pricing function would automatically bill the user for a transactional fee in much the same way the designer is billed for using the object.
The Regulatory Role of Activating Transcription Factor 2 in Inflammation (2014)

Activating transcription factor 2 (ATF2) is a member of the leucine zipper family of DNA-binding proteins and is widely distributed in tissues including the liver, lung, spleen, and kidney. Like c-Jun and c-Fos, ATF2 responds to stress-related stimuli and may thereby influence cell proliferation, inflammation, apoptosis, oncogenesis, neurological development and function, and skeletal remodeling. Recent studies clarify the regulatory role of ATF2 in inflammation and describe potential inhibitors of this protein. In this paper, we summarize the properties and functions of ATF2 and explore potential applications of ATF2 inhibitors as tools for research and for the development of immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Variable and Value Ordering Heuristics for the Job Shop Scheduling Constraint Satisfaction Problem. (1995)

Practical Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs) such as design of integrated circuits or scheduling generally entail large search spaces with hundreds or even thousands of variables, each with hundreds or thousands of possible values.Often, only a very tiny fraction of all these possible assignments participates in a satisfactory solution.This article discusses techniques that aim at reducing the effective size of the search space to be explored in order to find a satisfactory solution by judiciously selecting the order in which variables are instantiated and the sequence in which possible values are tried for each variable.In the CSP literature, these techniques are commonly referred to as variable and value ordering heuristics.Our investigation is conducted in the job shop scheduling domain.We show that, in contrast with problems studied earlier in the CSP literature, generic variable and value heuristics do not perform well in this domain.This is attributed to the difficulty of these heuristics to properly account for the tightness of constraints and/or the connectivity of the constraint graphs induced by job shop scheduling CSPs.A new probabilistic framework is introduced that better captures these key aspects of the job shop scheduling search space.Empirical results show that variable and value ordering heuristics derived within this probabilistic framework often yield significant improvements in search efficiency and significant reductions in the search time required to obtain a satisfactory solution.The research reported in this article was the first one, along with the work of Keng and Yun [Keng 89], to use the CSP problem solving paradigm to solve job shop scheduling problems.The suite of benchmark problems it introduced has been used since then by a number of other researchers to evaluate alternative techniques for the job shop scheduling CSP.The article briefly reviews some of these more recent efforts and shows that our variable and value ordering heuristics remain quite competitive.
Fibroblast growth factor‐derived peptides: functional agonists of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (2007)

A series of peptides, termed dekafins, were derived from the beta10-beta11 loop regions of fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 17. The dekafins share a homologous amino acid sequence similar to a sequence in the first fibronectin type III module of the neural cell adhesion molecule. All dekafins were shown by surface plasmon resonance analysis to bind fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)1-IIIc-Ig2-3 and FGFR2-IIIb-Ig2-3, respectively, with K(d) values of approximately 10(-7) to 10(-8) mol/L. Binding of dekafin1 to FGFR1-IIIc-Ig2-3 was inhibited by a heparin analog, sucrose octasulfate, indicating that heparin sulfate moiety can modulate dekafin binding to FGFRs. Treatment of transcription and mRNA export (TREX) cells permanently expressing Strep-tag-labeled FGFR1-IIIc with dekafins resulted in receptor phosphorylation. FGF1-induced FGFR1-IIIc phosphorylation was inhibited by dekafin1 and 10 in high concentrations, indicating that dekafins are FGFR partial agonists. The dekafins induced neuronal differentiation as reflected by neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule neurons, an effect that was abolished by SU5402, a specific inhibitor of the FGFR tyrosine kinase, and by inositolhexaphosphate, an extracellularly acting FGFR antagonist. Some, but not all, dekafins were capable of promoting survival of cerebellar granule neurons induced to undergo apoptosis. Thus, the dekafins are functional FGFR agonists with apparent therapeutic potential.
Secretion of Calcium and Strontium Into Milk (1961)

The comparative secretion of Ca45 and Sr89 into the milk of goats and dairy cows under typical farm management was studied. The effects of calcium and stable strontium levels were investigated by using four diets containing 0.25 per cent Ca, 0.50 per cent Ca, 1.6–1.7 % per cent Ca, and 0.25 per cent Ca plus 2.8–2.9 per cent stable strontium. The comparative behavior of calcium and strontium was the same on all diets except for a possible renal effect with the goats. The Sr89/Ca45 of the milk was consistently about 0.12 that of the dietary intake (ORmilk-diet = 0.121. The relative contributions to the discrimination against strontium have been estimated for the important physiological processes, i.e. absorption from the digestive tract, passage from blood to milk and renal excretion. On the mediumcalcium diet at steady state the dairy cows secreted into milk about 0.08 per cent of the ingested Sr89 per liter; the goats, primarily because of body- size, secreted much more, about 1.4 per cent of ingested Sr89 per liter of milk. Since the ORmilk-diet value did not vary with changes in dietary calcium levels it would be expected that long-term feeding of increased dietary levels of non-contaminated calcium would produce proportional decreases in the amounts of ingested radiostrontium appearing in milk; there would seem to be no advantage in the use of stable strontium for this purpose. Practical aspects are discussed.
An inverse scattering series method for attenuating elastic multiples from multicomponent land and ocean bottom seismic data (2009)

A method exists for marine seismic data which removes all orders of free surface multiples and suppresses all orders of internal multiples while leaving primaries intact. This method is based on the inverse scattering series and makes no assumptions about the subsurface earth model. The marine algorithm assumes that the sources and receivers are located in the water column. In the context of land and ocean bottom data, the sources and receivers are located on or in an elastic medium. This opens up the possibility of recording multicomponent seismic data. Because both compressional (P) and shear (S) primaries are recorded in multicomponent data, it has the potential for providing a more complete picture of the subsurface. Coupled with the benefits of the P and S primaries are a complex set of elastic free surface and internal multiples. In this thesis, I develop an inverse scattering series method to attenuate these elastic multiples from multicomponent land and ocean bottom data. For land data, this method removes elastic free surface multiples. For ocean bottom data, multiples associated with the top and bottom of the water column are removed. Internal multiples are strongly attenuated for both data types. In common with the marine formulation, this method makes no assumptions about the earth below the sources and receivers, and does not affect primaries. The latter property is important for amplitude variation with offset analysis (AVO). The theory for multiple attentuation requires four component (two source, two receiver) data, a known near surface or water bottom, near offsets, and a known source wavelet. Tests on synthetic data indicate that this method is still effective using data with less than four components and is robust with respect to errors in estimating the near surface or ocean bottom properties.
Classification of cardiac arrhythmias using fuzzy ARTMAP (1996)

We have investigated the QRS complex, extracted from electrocardiogram (ECG) data, using fuzzy adaptive resonance theory mapping (ARTMAP) to classify cardiac arrhythmias. Two different conditions have been analyzed: normal and abnormal premature ventricular contraction (PVC). Based on MIT/BIH database annotations, cardiac beats for normal and abnormal QRS complexes were extracted from this database, scaled, and Hamming windowed, after bandpass filtering, to yield a sequence of 100 samples for each ORS segment. From each of these sequences, two linear predictive coding (LPC) coefficients were generated using Burg's maximum entropy method. The two LPC coefficients, along with the mean-square value of the QRS complex segment, were utilized as features for each condition to train and test a fuzzy ARTMAP neural network for classification of normal and abnormal PVC conditions. The test results show that the fuzzy ARTMAP neural network can classify cardiac arrhythmias with greater than 99% specificity and 97% sensitivity.
Analysis of clipping effect in DMT-based ADSL systems (2002)

At present, discrete multi-tone (DMT) transceivers receive much attention for the implementation of asymmetric digital subscriber lines (ADSL). This paper analyzes the effect of clipping a DMT-signal, i.e. limiting the signal's maximum amplitude. An exact expression is given for the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation due to clipping alone. By combining this expression with the well-known expression for the quantization noise in the A/D-D/A converters, it is shown how clipping can reduce the number of bits of A/D-D/A converters as well as the dynamical range of the line drivers while keeping the overall SNR the same as without clipping.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Formation of polycrystalline silicon germanium/HfO2 gate stack structure using inductively coupled plasma etching (2003)

A gate stack structure consisting of a polycrystalline silicon germanium (poly-SiGe) conductor and a HfO2 dielectric on a silicon substrate was formed by inductively coupled plasma etching using HBr/Cl2/O2. Etch rates of poly-SiGe with 46% Ge were 1.7–2.0 times higher than those of polycrystalline silicon, depending on processing conditions. In the small feature sized devices of 100 nm gates, the notching at the sidewall of poly-SiGe was pronounced up to the depth of 50 nm. The amount of notching increased with increasing inductive power and pressure, and decreasing rf bias power. A HfO2 etch rate of 950 Å/min was obtained at the condition of 550 W inductive power, 360 W rf bias power, and 10 mTorr pressure. Etch rates of HfO2 increased with increasing inductive power and rf bias power. Etching selectivity of poly-SiGe with respect to HfO2 increased significantly with the addition of 3.8% O2 to HBr, and it was possible to control the selectivity in the range of 15–70 by changing the rf bias power. The change in etching selectivity was considered mainly due to the change in HfO2 film property, originating from the incorporation of O into the remaining nonvolatile Hf and the reformation of HfOx during etching.
Enhanced electrochemical performance of bulk type oxide ceramic lithium batteries enabled by interface modification (2017)

The interface issue is one of the severe problems in all-solid-state (ASS) batteries, especially for oxide-type batteries with a full ceramic structure.
Identification of early microbial colonizers in human dental biofilm (2004)

The early colonizers of dental plaque are of great importance in the succession stages of biofilm formation and its overall effect on the oral health of the host.
Characterizing Clutter in the Context of Detecting Weak Gaseous Plumes in Hyperspectral Imagery (2006)

Weak gaseous plume detection in hyperspectral imagery requires thatbackground clutter consisting of a mixture of components such as water, grass, and asphaltbe well characterized. The appropriate characterization depends on analysis goals.Although we almost never see clutter as a single-component multivariate Gaussian(SCMG), alternatives such as various mixture distributions that have been proposed mightnot be necessary for modeling clutter in the context of plume detection when the chemicaltargets that could be present are known at least approximately. Our goal is to show to whatextent the generalized least squares (GLS) approach applied to real data to look for evidenceof known chemical targets leads to chemical concentration estimates and to chemicalprobability estimates (arising from repeated application of the GLS approach) that aresimilar to corresponding estimates arising from simulated SCMG data. In some cases,approximations to decision thresholds or confidence estimates based on assuming the clutterhas a SCMG distribution will not be sufficiently accurate. Therefore, we also describe astrategy that uses a scene-specific reference distribution to estimate decision thresholds forplume detection and associated confidence measures.
Content access and distribution of multimedia medical data in E-health (2003)

E-health is greatly impacting on information distribution and availability within the health services, hospitals and to the public. Previous research has addressed the development of system architectures with the aim of integrating the distributed and heterogeneous medical information systems. Easing the difficulties in the sharing and management of multimedia medical data and the timely accessibility to these data are critical needs for health care providers. We have proposed a client-server agent that integrates and allows a portal to every permitted information system of the hospital that consists of picture archiving and communication systems (PACS), radiology information system (RIS) and hospital information system (HIS) via the intranet and the Internet. Our proposed agent enables remote access into the usually closed information system of the hospital and a server that manages all the multimedia medical data and allows for in-depth and complex search queries for content access and automatic creation of patient reports for distribution.
<i>In Situ</i> Observation of Self-Assembled Monolayer Growth (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTIn Situ Observation of Self-Assembled Monolayer GrowthJ. T. Woodward and D. K. SchwartzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana 70118 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 33, 7861–7862Publication Date (Web):August 21, 1996Publication History Received7 May 1996Published online21 August 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961524vCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views674Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (106 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Deposition,Epitaxy,Molecules,Monolayers,Thin films Get e-Alerts