gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partial pressure control of reactively sputtered titanium nitride (1985)

The production of reactively sputtered films under mass flow control is complicated by transitions in pressure upon exceeding a critical value of flow. Stable operation of a dc magnetron, reactive sputtering process in the critical region where TiN is created has been demonstrated when partial pressure control is employed. Equilibrium flow values that decrease with increasing nitrogen pressure are found in the region where the pressure transitions had occurred. A mechanism supporting these observations under partial pressure control in this region is proposed.
Comparison of Cell Cycle Arrest, Transactivation, and Apoptosis Induced by the Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVagm and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1<i>vpr</i>Genes (2001)

All primate lentiviruses known to date contain one or two open reading frames with homology to the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene. HIV-1 vpr encodes a 96-amino-acid protein with multiple functions in the viral life cycle. These functions include modulation of the viral replication kinetics, transactivation of the long terminal repeat, participation in the nuclear import of preintegration complexes, induction of G2 arrest, and induction of apoptosis. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that infects African green monkeys (SIVagm) contains a vpr homologue, which encodes a 118-amino-acid protein. SIVagm vpr is structurally and functionally related to HIV-1 vpr. The present study focuses on how three specific functions (transactivation, induction of G2 arrest, and induction of apoptosis) are related to one another at a functional level, for HIV-1 and SIVagm vpr. While our study supports previous reports demonstrating a causal relationship between induction of G2 arrest and transactivation for HIV-1 vpr, we demonstrate that the same is not true for SIVagm vpr. Transactivation by SIVagm vpr is independent of cell cycle perturbation. In addition, we show that induction of G2 arrest is necessary for the induction of apoptosis by HIV-1 vpr but that the induction of apoptosis by SIVagm vpr is cell cycle independent. Finally, while SIVagm vpr retains its transactivation function in human cells, it is unable to induce G2 arrest or apoptosis in such cells, suggesting that the cytopathic effects of SIVagm vpr are species specific. Taken together, our results suggest that while the multiple functions of vpr are conserved between HIV-1 and SIVagm, the mechanisms leading to the execution of such functions are divergent.
Shape recognition using simple measures of projections (2003)

The development of an efficient global shape-recognition scheme is considered. An algorithm based on simple measures of projections has been developed to classify shapes. An object is characterized by its projections at various angles. Some statistical features are identified to represent the projections and are related to the moments of the object. Feature vectors are computed from these relations and used to identify a shape against a library of known shapes. The method is tested on two-dimensional shapes, and the results are presented. On the basis of these results, the merits of the method are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Significant Increase of RNAi Efficiency in Human Cells by the CMV Enhancer with a tRNAlys Promoter (2009)

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process of mRNA degradation induced by double-stranded RNA in a sequence-specific manner. Different types of promoters, such as U6, H1, tRNA, and CMV, have been used to control the inhibitory effect of RNAi expression vectors. In the present study, we constructed two shRNA expression vectors, respectively, controlled by tRNA(lys) and CMV enhancer-tRNA(lys) promoters. Compared to the vectors with tRNA(lys) or U6 promoter, the vector with a CMV enhancer-tRNA(lys) promoter silenced pokemon more efficiently on both the mRNA and the protein levels. Meanwhile, the silencing of pokemon inhibited the proliferation of MCF7 cells, but the induction of apoptosis of MCF7 cells was not observed. We conclude that the CMV enhancer-tRNA(lys) promoter may be a powerful tool in driving intracellular expression of shRNA which can efficiently silence targeted gene.
Feasibility of Pulsed Microwave Plasma Ignition for Use in SI-Engines (2007)

Ignition of the fuel-air mixture through compression and spark ignition are the two basic methods for igniting combustion mixtures in modern internal combustion (IC) engines. A significant environmental and economic benefit could be obtained if spark ignited (SI) engines were to be made more efficient. Higher thermal efficiencies could be obtained through operation with leaner fuel-air mixtures and through operations at higher power densities and pressures. These types of mixtures are often more difficult to ignite with traditional spark plugs. In pursuit of better ignition sources, this paper investigates a microwave plasma alternative to the traditional spark plug. Additionally, measurements of a novel pulsed microwave induced plasma ignition concept are presented. Measurements at atmospheric pressures show promising results with respect to energy and plasma formation delay. With some refinement, it is possible to produce sufficiently energetic microwave discharges, in a short enough time frame to make them feasible for ignition of SI engines in an automotive setting. These results justify further investigation to quantify the advantages such an ignition source may have to offer.
Expression of<i>ccaR</i>, Encoding the Positive Activator of Cephamycin C and Clavulanic Acid Production in<i>Streptomyces clavuligerus</i>, Is Dependent on<i>bldG</i> (2005)

In Streptomyces coelicolor, bldG encodes a putative anti-anti-sigma factor that regulates both aerial hypha formation and antibiotic production, and a downstream transcriptionally linked open reading frame (orf3) encodes a putative anti-sigma factor protein. A cloned DNA fragment from Streptomyces clavuligerus contained an open reading frame that encoded a protein showing 92% identity to the S. coelicolor BldG protein and 91% identity to the BldG ortholog in Streptomyces avermitilis. Sequencing of the region downstream of bldG in S. clavuligerus revealed the presence of an open reading frame encoding a protein showing 72 and 69% identity to the ORF3 proteins in S. coelicolor and S. avermitilis, respectively. Northern analysis indicated that, as in S. coelicolor, the S. clavuligerus bldG gene is expressed as both a monocistronic and a polycistronic transcript, the latter including the downstream orf3 gene. High-resolution S1 nuclease mapping of S. clavuligerus bldG transcripts revealed the presence of three bldG-specific promoters, and analysis of expression of a bldGp-egfp reporter indicated that the bldG promoter is active at various stages of development and in both substrate and aerial hyphae. A bldG null mutant was defective in both morphological differentiation and in the production of secondary metabolites, such as cephamycin C, clavulanic acid, and the 5S clavams. This inability to produce cephamycin C and clavulanic acid was due to the absence of the CcaR transcriptional regulator, which controls the expression of biosynthetic genes for both secondary metabolites as well as the expression of a second regulator of clavulanic acid biosynthesis, ClaR. This makes bldG the first regulatory protein identified in S. clavuligerus that functions upstream of CcaR and ClaR in a regulatory cascade to control secondary metabolite production.
Harmony between color and fragrance (2011)

本研究では，色と香りの印象的次元における調和性を検討した．まず，色や香りの印象的次元の抽出と調和関係を検討した．その結果，印象的次元としてMILD，CLEARの2次元が得られ，これらを変数として調和予測式を構成した．次に，色と香りの調和，不調和ぺアを用いて組み合わせによる効果を検討した．そこから，調和ぺアでは，色，香りの本来の印象が強調されること，調和ぺアの方がストレス緩和効果が高いことが分かった．以上を踏まえ，調和予測式を可逆的に確かめた上で，色と香りの調和モデルを提案した．
Promoting effective tendon healing and remodeling (2018)

Daily activities subject our tendons to accumulation of sub-rupture fatigue injury which can lead to tendon rupture. Consequently, tendinopathies account for over 30% of musculoskeletal consultations. We adopted a multidisciplinary approach to determine the role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the pathogenesis of tendinopathy and impaired healing of ruptured tendons. We have been investigating three main areas: (i) the pathogenesis of tendon degeneration; (ii) approaches to promoting remodeling of sub-rupture fatigue injuries; and the (iii) role of the ECM in promoting scarless tendon healing. In this Kappa Delta Young Investigator award paper, we describe the key discoveries made in each of our three research areas of focus. Briefly, we discovered that sub-rupture fatigue damage can accumulate from just one bout of fatigue loading. Furthermore, any attempt to repair the fatigue damage diminishes as the severity of induced damage increases. We have utilized exercise to develop animal models of exercise-led degeneration and exercise-led repair of sub-rupture fatigue damage injuries, wherein underlying mechanisms can be uncovered, thereby overcoming a major hurdle to development of therapeutics. Since damage accumulation ultimately leads to rupture that is characterized by formation of a mechanically inferior scar, we have used the MRL/MpJ mouse to evaluate the role of the systemic environment and the local tendon environment in driving regeneration to identify new therapeutic pathways to promote scarless healing. Our data suggests that the therapeutic potential of the MRL/MpJ provisional ECM should be further explored as it may harness biological and structural mechanisms to promote scarless healing. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:3115-3124, 2018.
Cryopreservation of virus-infected cells for use in the fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen test (1980)

Tissue culture cells infected with varicella-zoster, respiratory syncytial, para-influenza types 1, 2, and 3, and influenza A/Texas/1/77 and A/USSR/90/77 viruses were exposed to ultraviolet light and frozen in the presence of a final concentration of 20% glycerol. These cells were quick thawed at 37 degrees C and compared with freshly prepared, living infected tissue culture cells in assays of fluorescence antibodies to membrane antigens of the infecting agents in serum, nasal wash secretions, colostrum, and breast milk. Frozen cells performed as efficiently as fresh cells as targets and retained their activity for long periods of time. Cryopreservation combined with photoinactivation of infected target cells allows this useful antibody test to be performed in routine serology laboratories.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationships of 1-,3-,8-, and 9-Substituted-9-deazaxanthines at the Human A<sub>2B</sub>Adenosine Receptor (2005)

Over two hundred 1-, 3-, 8-, and 9-substituted-9-deazaxanthines were prepared and evaluated for their binding affinity at the recombinant human adenosine receptors, in particular at the hA(2B) and hA(2A) subtypes. Several ligands endowed with sub-micromolar to low nanomolar binding affinity at hA(2B) receptors, good selectivity over hA(2A) and hA(3), but a relatively poor selectivity over hA(1) were obtained. Good antagonistic potencies and efficacies, with pA(2) values close to the corresponding pK(i)s, were observed in functional assays in vitro performed on a selected series of compounds. 1,3-Dimethyl-8-phenoxy-(N-p-halogenophenyl)-acetamido-9-deazaxanthine derivatives appeared as the most interesting leads, some of them showing outstanding hA(2B) affinities, high selectivity over hA(2A) and hA(3), but low selectivity over hA(1). Structure-affinity relationships suggested that the binding potency at the hA(2B) receptor was mainly modulated by the steric (lipophilic) properties of the substituents at positions 1 and 3 and by the electronic and lipophilic characteristics of the substituents at position 8. A comparison among affinity and selectivity profiles of 9-deazaxanthines with the corresponding xanthines suggested some possible differences in their binding mode.
Expression of the sweet protein brazzein in maize for production of a new commercial sweetener (2004)

The availability of foods low in sugar content yet high in flavour is critically important to millions of individuals conscious of carbohydrate intake for diabetic or dietetic purposes. Brazzein is a sweet protein occurring naturally in a tropical plant that is impractical to produce economically on a large scale, thus limiting its availability for food products. We report here the use of a maize expression system for the production of this naturally sweet protein. High expression of brazzein was obtained, with accumulation of up to 4% total soluble protein in maize seed. Purified corn brazzein possessed a sweetness intensity of up to 1200 times that of sucrose on a per weight basis. In addition, application tests demonstrated that brazzein-containing maize germ flour could be used directly in food applications, providing product sweetness. These results demonstrate that high-intensity sweet protein engineered into food products can give sweetener attributes useful in the food industry.
The modernization of a call center (2000)

The evolution of any technical support center can go through various phases. Due to increasing client demands, diversity of services and requests, and ever changing technologies that are being supported, IT departmental and procedural changes can be anticipated. This growth has required innovative strategies to be adopted across the industry; Client Support Services (CSS) at the University of Wyoming also reflects this national trend. Our goal was to incorporate call center technologies yet retain our present efficiencies and sound business practices.
Copolymerization of styrene and isoprene: an insight into the mechanism of syndiospecific styrene polyinsertion (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization of styrene and isoprene: an insight into the mechanism of syndiospecific styrene polyinsertionClaudio Pellecchia, Antonio Proto, and Adolfo ZambelliCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 17, 4450–4452Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00043a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00043a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
MAINTENANCE OF IRON SUPPLY IN NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS BY A SINGLE ADDITION OF FERRIC POTASSIUM ETHYLENEDIAMINE TETRA-ACETATE (1951)

When plants are grown in nutrient solution, invariably special attention must be paid to the problem of providing an adequate supply of available iron. Since iron is readily precipitated by high pH or phosphate, it is customary to add either organic or inorganic salts of iron to the nutrient solution at frequent intervals. HORNER, BURK, and HOOVER (1) developed a synthetic humate capable of hiolding iron in solution at moderately high pH and phosphate concentrations. Unfortunately, the humate is difficult to prepare and of indeterminate composition. EDGERTON (2) showed that by substituting metaphosphate for the usual orthophosphate in the nutrient solution, the resulting iron metaphosphate complex did not precipitate and was a satisfactory source of iron for plants. However, it may not always be desirable to use the meta instead of the orthophosphate and miietaphosphoric acid as generally available contains large amounts of sodium.
Motion Detection in Compressed Video Using Macroblock Classification (2014)

To reduce the noise and to improve the clarity of the compressed video by using contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) Algorithm.
Creating Nitrogen-Doped Hollow Multiyolk@Shell Carbon as High Performance Electrodes for Flow-Through Deionization Capacitors (2017)

A novel electrode material for flow-through deionization capacitors consisting of the hollow multiyolk@shell carbon (HMYSC) with effective nitrogen doping has been rationally designed and originally prepared by a template-directed coating method. The HMYSC can be divided into several hollow carbon spheres cores and the nitrogen-doped shell. The as-obtained HMYSC shows many favorable features for flow-through deionization capacitors, such as large specific surface area (910 m2 g–1), hierarchical pores, high conductivity and good wettability. With the multiple synergistic effects of the above features, the as-prepared HMYSC electrode has higher specific capacitance, lower inner resistance and good stability. In the deionization test, the HMYSC electrode exhibits a high salt adsorption capacity of 16.1 mg g–1 under the applied voltages of 1.4 V in a 500 mg L–1 NaCl solution. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the HMYSC electrodes presented faster salt adsorption rate under the applied voltages of 0.8–1.4 V and in the NaCl solution with the concentration of 100–500 mg L–1. The HMYSC electrodes also exhibits an excellent regeneration performance in the repeated adsorption–desorption experiments. The HMYSC developed in this work is promising to be an effective electrode material for the flow-through deionization capacitors and other electrochemistry applications.
Sliding Mode Output Feedback Control of a Flexible Rotor via Magnetic Bearings (1998)

A sliding mode feedback algorithm is proposed to control the vibration of a flexible rotor supported by magnetic bearings. It is assumed that the number of states is greater than the number of sensors. A mathematical model of the rotor/magnetic bearing system is presented in terms of partial differential equations. These equations are then discretized into a finite number of ordinary differential equations through Galerkin’s method. The sliding mode control law is designed to be robust to rotor imbalance and transient disturbances. A boundary layer is introduced around each sliding hyperplane to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. The results from numerical simulations are presented which not only corroborate the validity of the proposed controller, but also show the effects of various control parameters as a function of the angular speed of the rotor. In addition, results are presented that indicate how the current required by the magnetic bearings is affected by control parameters and the angular speed of the rotor.
Cloning and sequence analysis of desmosomal glycoproteins 2 and 3 (desmocollins): cadherin-like desmosomal adhesion molecules with heterogeneous cytoplasmic domains. (1991)

Desmosomal glycoproteins 2 and 3 (dg2 and 3) or desmocollins have been implicated in desmosome adhesion. We have obtained a 5.0-kb-long clone for dg3 from a bovine nasal epidermal lambda gt11 cDNA library. Sequence analysis of this clone reveals an open reading frame of 2,517 bases encoding a polypeptide of 839 amino acids. The sequence consists of a signal peptide of 28 amino acids, a precursor sequence of 104 amino acids, and a mature protein of 707 amino acids. The latter has the characteristics of a transmembrane glycoprotein with an extracellular domain of 550 amino acids and a cytoplasmic domain of 122 amino acids. The sequence of a partial clone from the same library shows that dg2 has an alternative COOH terminus that is extended by 54 amino acids. Genomic DNA sequence data show that this arises by splicing out of a 46-bp exon that encodes the COOH-terminal 11 amino acids of dg3 and contains an in-frame stop codon. The extracellular domain of dg3 shows 39.4% protein sequence identity with bovine N-cadherin and 28.4% identity with the other major desmosomal glycoprotein, dg1, or desmoglein. The cytoplasmic domain of dg3 and the partial cytoplasmic domain of dg2 show 23 and 24% identity with bovine N-cadherin, respectively. The results support our previous model for the transmembrane organization of dg2 and 3 (Parrish, E.P., J.E. Marston, D.L. Mattey, H.R. Measures, R. Venning, and D.R. Garrod. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 96:239-248; Holton, J.L., T.P. Kenny, P.K. Legan, J.E. Collins, J.N. Keen, R. Sharma, and D.R. Garrod. 1990. J. Cell Sci. 97:239-246). They suggest that these glycoproteins are specialized for calcium-dependent adhesion in their extracellular domains and, cytoplasmically, for the molecular interactions involved in desmosome plaque formation. Moreover this represents the first example of alternative splicing within the cadherin family of cell adhesion molecules.
Use of Circulation Statistics and Interlibrary Loan Data in Collection Management (2006)

The authors analyzed the holdings, circulations, and interlibrary loan (ILL) borrowing requests of the English-language monograph collection at the University of Colorado at Boulder. Data for each area were mapped to conspectus subject areas, using Library of Congress Classifications, and then compared. The resulting data and subject distributions were analyzed by overall holdings, transactions per item, percentage of collection circulated, and a ratio of ILL holdings to requests. The method of analysis used in this study could be fruitfully applied to other research collections to assist with remote storage, preservation, and collection development decisions.
The use of silver halide emulsion as a resist (1978)

Silver halide-gelatin emulsion has been evaluated as a resist for patterning silicon integrated circuits using X-ray, E-beam, and UV exposure. The emulsion is coated on 3" wafers by a dipping process. The pattern exposed in the emulsion is developed, and a tanning agent is used to crosslink the gelatin in regions where silver is precipitated in the gelatin. The uncrosslinked gelatin is then dissolved away. We have been able to pattern 0.5µm lines and spaces in a gel-resist using X-ray exposure. The resist withstands plasma etching of underlying layers of polysilicon and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> .
Automated optic-nerve-head analysis using optical coherence tomography (2002)

The early identification of glaucomatous development is extremely important for treatment of glaucoma. Analysis of optic-nerve-head features may play a crucial role for early glaucoma diagnostics. Here we propose a critical parameter, viz., nerve tissue area, which may prove to be extremely useful for detection of glaucoma in early stages. We report a novel and robust algorithm for OCT-based automatic, objective extraction of critical optic-nerve-head features such as optic disc, nerve tissue area, and optic cup for the first time.