gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Host enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid as diagnostic indicators of periodontitis (1994)

Host responses to periodontal infections include the production of several families of enzymes that are released by stromal, epithelial or inflammatory cells. Study of these enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid may lead to insights into pathogenesis and may provide a rational basis for the development of novel diagnostic tests. However, analogous to other diagnostic interventions in dentistry and medicine, validation of host enzymes as diagnostic indicators is dependent on clear-cut demonstrations of the identity of the enzyme, reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility. The enzyme of interest should be readily measured over a broad range of disease severity and in varied clinical settings. Ideally, the enzyme should also be an essential component of proposed pathogenic mechanisms. In this context, the connective tissue matrix degrading enzymes elastase, collagenase and gelatinase are promising because of their apparently central role in periodontal attachment loss and disease progression. Sensitive and specific assays are also available to quantify these enzymes. Other work on enzymes associated with cell death (aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase) and several neutrophil lysosomal enzymes (beta glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, cathepsins) has demonstrated positive associations between enzyme levels and attachment loss and inflammation. While numerous cross-sectional studies have indicated that the levels of hydrolytic enzymes in gingival crevicular fluid parallel the severity of periodontal lesions, there are much less data on reproducibility, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility in longitudinal studies. As appropriate study design is an essential prerequisite for establishing the efficacy of host enzymes as diagnostic tests, future clinical investigations should include: (1) individuals who would most likely benefit by early diagnosis, i.e., rapidly progressive and recurrent periodontitis cases; (2) longitudinal, cohort study designs to show that attachment loss is temporally linked with large increases in enzyme activity; (3) the use of a battery of tests to overcome intrinsic problems of low predictive values when prevalence of active disease is low. In the final analysis, the utility of host enzymes as diagnostic indicators will need to be examined in randomized controlled trials in which the question is asked: are patients better off as a result of testing?
<title>Optimally smooth symmetric quadrature mirror filters for image coding</title> (1995)

Symmetric quadrature mirror filters (QMFs) offer several advantages for wavelet-based image coding. Symmetry and odd-length contribute to efficient boundary handling and preservation of edge detail. Symmetric QMFs can be obtained by mildly relaxing the filter bank orthogonality conditions. We describe a computational algorithm for these filter banks which is also symmetric in the sense that the analysis and synthesis operations have identical implementations, up to a delay. The essence of a wavelet transform is its multiresolution decomposition, obtained by iterating the lowpass filter. This allows one to introduce a new design criterion, smoothness (good behavior) of the lowpass filter under iteration. This design constraint can be expressed solely in terms of the lowpass filter tap values (via the eigenvalue decomposition of a certain finite-dimensional matrix). Our innovation is to design near- orthogonal QMFs with linear-phase symmetry which are optimized for smoothness under iteration, not for stopband rejection. The new class of optimally smooth QMF filter banks yields high performance in a practical image compression system.
IMI – Myopia Genetics Report (2019)

The knowledge on the genetic background of refractive error and myopia has expanded dramatically in the past few years. This white paper aims to provide a concise summary of current genetic findings and defines the direction where development is needed. We performed an extensive literature search and conducted informal discussions with key stakeholders. Specific topics reviewed included common refractive error, any and high myopia, and myopia related to syndromes. To date, almost 200 genetic loci have been identified for refractive error and myopia, and risk variants mostly carry low risk but are highly prevalent in the general population. Several genes for secondary syndromic myopia overlap with those for common myopia. Polygenic risk scores show overrepresentation of high myopia in the higher deciles of risk. Annotated genes have a wide variety of functions, and all retinal layers appear to be sites of expression. The current genetic findings offer a world of new molecules involved in myopiagenesis. As the missing heritability is still large, further genetic advances are needed. This Committee recommends expanding large-scale, in-depth genetic studies using complementary big data analytics, consideration of gene-environment effects by thorough measurement of environmental exposures, and focus on subgroups with extreme phenotypes and high familial occurrence. Functional characterization of associated variants is simultaneously needed to bridge the knowledge gap between sequence variance and consequence for eye growth.
On permutation polynomials EA-equivalent to the inverse function over GF(2 n ). (2010)

Abstract. It is proved that there does not exist a linearized polynomial L(x) ∈ F2n[x] such that x−1 +L(x) is a permutation on F2n when n ≥ 5, which is proposed as a conjecture in [15]. As a consequence, a permutation is EA-equivalent to the inverse function over F2n if and only if it is affine equivalent to it when n ≥ 5.
Muscle-specific alternative splicing of myotubularin-related 1 gene is impaired in DM1 muscle cells (2002)

The myotubularin-related 1 (MTMR1) gene belongs to a highly conserved family of eucaryotic phosphatases, with at least 11 members in humans. The founder member of this gene family, MTM1, is mutated in X-linked myotubular myopathy, a severe congenital disorder that affects skeletal muscle, and codes for myotubularin, a specific phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PI(3)P] phosphatase. MTM1 and MTMR1 are adjacent on the X chromosome, and the corresponding proteins share 59% sequence identity. In the present study, we investigated the putative role of MTMR1 in myogenesis by analysing its expression pattern in muscle cells during differentiation and in skeletal muscle throughout development. We have identified three novel coding exons in the MTMR1 intron 2 that are conserved between mouse and human, are alternatively spliced, and give rise to six mRNA isoforms. One of the transcripts is muscle-specific and is induced during myogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, and represents the major isoform in adult skeletal muscle. We show that the two main MTMR1 protein muscular isoforms, like myotubularin, efficiently dephosphorylate PI(3)P in vitro. We have also analysed whether MTMR1 alternative splicing is affected in skeletal muscle cells derived from patients with congenital myotonic dystrophy (cDM1), in which mRNA splicing disturbances of specific genes are thought to constitute an important pathogenic mechanism. We found a striking reduction in the level of the muscle-specific isoform and the appearance of an abnormal MTMR1 transcript in differentiated cDM1 muscle cells in culture and in skeletal muscle from cDM1 patients. Our results suggest that MTMR1 plays a role in muscle formation and represents a novel target for abnormal mRNA splicing in myotonic dystrophy.
Ovarian cancer screening. The use of serial complementary tumor markers to improve sensitivity and specificity for early detection (1995)

The serial measurement of complementary serum markers can improve the use of marker screening for epithelial ovarian cancer. With the use of several different methods of analysis, it has been shown that this approach improves the sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of serum markers CA 125 and OVX1. A procedure that measures complementary serum markers over time can be used as a primary screening technique followed by transvaginal ultrasonography. This could provide a cost-effective means of early detection and could significantly decrease the probability of surgical intervention for false-positive test results.
On the Complex Formation in Polyelectrolyte Nanogel Systems (2008)

本論文は, 高分子電解質ナノゲル系における複合体形成の様相を示すことを目的とする。対象とする系は, ポリアニオン (PA) とカチオン性ナノゲル (CG) およびアニオン性ナノゲル (AG) とCGの二つで, 主として低分子塩を含まない条件下, 動的光散乱と静的光散乱を組み合わせて研究した。主要な結果は以下の通り要約される。 (i) PAはCG-・粒子と粒子内複合体を1 : 1の化学量論性に従う電荷中和によって形成するが, (ii) 結合したPAは, 高分子電解質交換反応により, CG, ポリカチオンまたはKCIの添加によって解離する。 (iii) AGを, それより電荷数の多いCGに加えると, 'randommodel'に従って複合体が形成し, CGの強い静電引力でAGがcGに均一に結合する。 (iv) これとは逆に, cGをAGに加えると, AGの一部はCGの電荷を中和するために優先的に結合し, 他の未反応AGが系中に残存する'all-or-nbnemoder'により複合体を生じる。これらは, ナノゲルがポリイオンの架橋体であり, danglingchainのためにボヤケタ界面を持つと考えることで理解できる。
115. 2-Mercaploglyoxalines. Part XI. The preparation of mixed 1 : 5-disubstituted 2-mercaptoglyoxalines and the corresponding thiazolo(3′ : 2′-1 : 2)glyoxalines (1957)

A. Lawson and H. V. Morley, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 566 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570000566
STABILITY OF COCAINE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION (1978)

The effect of pH on the rate of hydrolysis of cocaine was investigated. Ionic strength had a negligible effect while the concentrations of the various buffers had a significant effect on the rate of hydrolysis. The pH rate profile in buffer showed a minimum at 1.95. The energies of activation were determined to be 95.9, 107.3 and 97.9 kJ mol-1 respectively at pH 6.8, 5J0 and 2.2. The stability on storage of sterilized solutions of cocaine prepared by various methods and formulae was compared with the stability predicted from the results of the accelerated tests.
Active Ghrelin Levels and Active to Total Ghrelin Ratio in Cancer-Induced Cachexia (2005)

Anorexia and weight loss are negative prognostic factors in patients with cancer. Although total ghrelin levels are increased in energy-negative states, levels of the biologically active octanoylated ghrelin and the anorexigenic peptide YY (PYY) have not been reported in patients with cancer-induced cachexia. We hypothesized that abnormal ghrelin and/or PYY levels contribute to cancer-induced cachexia. We evaluated 21 patients with cancer-induced cachexia; 24 cancer patients without cachexia; and 23 age-, sex-, race-, and BMI-matched subjects without cancer. Active ghrelin levels and the active to total ghrelin ratio were significantly increased in subjects with cancer-induced cachexia, compared with cancer and noncancer controls. PYY levels were similar among groups. Appetite measured by a visual analog scale was not increased in subjects with cachexia. The increase in active ghrelin levels is likely to be a compensatory response to weight loss. Cachexia may be a state of ghrelin resistance because appetite does not correlate with ghrelin levels. Changes in the active to total ghrelin ratio suggest that a mechanism other than increased secretion must be responsible for the increase in active ghrelin levels. PYY is unlikely to play an important role in cancer-induced cachexia.
키코판결과 약관규제법상의 쟁점 (2014)

Das KIKO-Urteil verursachte groses Aufsehen und die Komplexitat sowie die unlauter erscheinende Gestaltung des Produkts veranlassten die Diskussion uber dessen rechtliche Wirksamkeit. Die vorliegende Untersuchung widmet sich den Problemen des AGB-Gesetzes, die in diesem Urteil von Relevanz sind.
Im KIKO-Urteil befasste sich der Oberste Gerichtshof mit der Frage, ob die Grundstruktur des KIKO-Vertrags als allgemeine Geschaftsbedingungen angesehen werden konnen, ob die zu erganzenden konkreten Klauseln Individualabreden sind und der Frage, ob die Grundstruktur des KIKO-Vertrags eine unangemessene Benachteiligung darstellt. Der Oberste Gerichtshof verneint bereits die erste Frage, so dass eine gerichtliche Inhaltskontrolle unterblieb. In der Literatur sind die Meinungen zu diesen Fragen gespalten, wobei die Auseinandersetzungen im Schrifttum in erster Linie aus wirtschaftsrechtlicher und finanzrechtlicher Sicht erfolgen. Aus diesem Grund wird in dieser Abhandlung das KIKO-Urteil im Hinblick auf Probleme des AGB-Rechts naher untersucht.
Die Grundstruktur eines Vertrags konnen allgemeine Geschaftsbedingungen darstellen, soweit es sich dabei um vorformulierte Vertragsbedingungen handelt. Dem stehen einzelne Klauseln, die im Rahmen der Vertragsverhandlungen zu erganzen sind, nicht entgegen, weil solche Klauseln im Regelfall so erganzt werden, wie der Verwender sie der anderen Vertragspartei unterbreitet. Lediglich in den Fallen, in denen der Verwender nachweist, dass eine bestimmte Klausel gesondert ausgehandelt wurde, ist von einer Individualabrede auszugehen.
Weil aber die Struktur des KIKO-Produkts das Produkt als Leistungsinhalt darstellt und dieser nur durch die Vereinbarung zwischen den Parteien bestimmt werden kann, unterliegt sie nicht der Inhaltskontrolle. Eine unangemessene Benachteiligung kann daher nicht anhand des AGB-Gesetzes festgestellt werden. Der OGH gelangt zwar zu demselben Ergebnis, ubersieht jedoch die entscheidenden Fragen des AGB-Gesetzes.
Ultrahigh-Quality NOE Spectra (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrahigh-Quality NOE SpectraJonathan Stonehouse, Pere Adell, James Keeler, and A. J. ShakaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 13, 6037–6038Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00092a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00092a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1303Altmetric-Citations244LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Glycosylated Forms of Human Plasma Endostatin and Circulating Endostatin-Related Fragments of Collagen XV (1999)

Circulating elongated forms of the angiogenesis inhibitor and potential anti-cancer drug endostatin were isolated from human blood filtrate. Immunoreactive endostatin was identified by a polyclonal rabbit antiserum raised against an N-terminal epitope of the polypeptide and purified by consecutive chromatographic steps and immunoblotting. N- and C-terminal sequence analyses of the isolated molecules revealed different forms of endostatin starting with V(117)HLRPAR. lacking the last and final three residues of the noncollagenous domain 1 (NC-1) of collagen XVIII, respectively. These polypetides are found to be O-glycosylated at T(125) (residue 9) with a glycan structure of the mucin type consisting of galactose N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylneuraminic acid residues. Carbohydrate analyses were performed via the semiquantitative HPLC-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESMS) technique after exoglycosidase hydrolysis. Circulating endostatins are present as sialoglycoprotein (22 000 and 21 841 Da +/- 0.02%) and asialoglycoprotein structures (21 710 and 21 549 Da +/- 0.02%), while the two completely deglycosylated forms are obtained only after enzymatic incubation. The described glycosylated endostatins may represent intermediates in the proteolytic pathway of the NC-1 domain of collagen XVIII resulting in bioactive endostatins. Furthermore, immunoreactive endostatin-related C-terminal fragments of human collagen XV are found in the hemofiltrate. These polypeptides exhibit the N-terminal sequences P(66)HLLPPP. and Y(81)EKPALH. of the collagen XV NC-1 domain. ESMS and immunoblotting analyses reveal three glycosylated polypeptides with a molecular mass ranging from 16 to 21 kDa. Due to the high degree of homology between collagen XV and collagen XVIII as well as their analoqous proteolytic processing, functional similarities of collagen XVIII- and XV-related fragments should be revealed in future experiments.
Functional design of a pulsed two-frequency capacitively coupled plasma in CF4/Ar for SiO2 etching (2002)

A capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) with a different frequency source at each of two parallel plates is a powerful tool for SiO2 etching. A time modulation of two-frequency CCP by a pulsed-power operation will be one of the practical solutions in the next generation of etchers, and will allow charging-free plasma processes for high-aspect-ratio holes or trench etching. We numerically predict the structure and functions of a pulsed two-frequency CCP in CF4(5%)/Ar, and discuss its ability to generate charge-free plasma processes. We also investigate the functional separation between plasma production by very high frequency (100 MHz) and bias voltage application by low frequency (1 MHz). Alternate injections of high-energy positive and negative ions are predicted during the off-phase of a pulsed two-frequency CCP.
The distribution of retinol-binding protein and its mRNA in the rat eye. (1991)

Although a constant supply of retinol is a critical requirement for the visual cycle, the molecular mechanisms underlying retinol delivery, uptake, storage, and transport in the eye are not well understood. Previously the synthesis of serum retinol-binding protein (RBP) in the mammalian eye was reported. Now the distribution of RBP and RBP mRNA in the rat eye has been studied by immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques has been studied. The RBP mRNA was present only in the cytoplasm of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, terminating abruptly at the pars plana. On the other hand, RBP immunoreactivity was more widespread. The most intense immunostaining was present in retinal ganglion cells, the corneal endothelium, and under certain conditions of tissue fixation, the corneal epithelium. Consistent but less intense immunoreactivity was detected in the photoreceptors, Müller cells, inner plexiform layer, ciliary epithelium and stroma, iris epithelium, retinal pigment epithelium, lacrimal glandular epithelium, and periorbital soft tissues. These findings suggest that RBP synthesized by the RPE may be secreted to various ocular locations. However, at present, uptake from plasma cannot be excluded as another possible source of ocular RBP. In the plasma, holo-RBP (the retinol-RBP complex) is transported in complex with another plasma protein, transthyretin (TTR). This substance is also synthesized by the RPE and its distribution in the eye is similar to that described for RBP. Taken together, these findings support the proposal that ocular RBP and TTR may function cooperatively in the intraocular translocation of retinol.
Hamstring Graft Technique for Stabilization of Canine Cranial Cruciate Ligament Deficient Stifles (2003)

Hamstring grafts may be an alternative technique for canine CrCL reconstruction. Further study is needed before clinical application.
Long-term depression is not induced by low-frequency stimulation in rat visual cortex in vivo: a possible preventing role of endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor. (2003)

Low-frequency stimulation (LFS) at 1 Hz for 15 min is an effective protocol to induce homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in visual cortical slices. It is reported that LFS becomes ineffective when brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is applied to slices. It is not known, however, whether such a protocol induces LTD in visual cortex in vivo, and whether endogenous BDNF has the same or similar action. To address these questions, we recorded field potentials of rat visual cortex evoked by stimulation of lateral geniculate nucleus, white matter, or cortical layer IV. We found that LFS did not induce LTD of cortical responses in vivo. To test the possibility that spontaneous activity from retinas would interfere with the induction of LTD, both eyes were removed or inactivated by tetrodotoxin. LTD was not induced in these conditions either. To test whether the difference in temperature between the two preparations is a factor for the discrepancy, the temperature of slices was increased from 31 to 37 degrees C. LTD was induced in slices at either temperature. Then, we hypothesized that endogenous BNDF and its receptors, TrkB, prevent the induction of LTD. To test this, we infused the cortex with an inhibitor of Trk receptor tyrosine kinases, anti-TrkB IgG1, anti-BDNF, and anti-neurotrophin 4/5 antibodies. LTD was induced when the BDNF-TrkB system was blocked. In slices, the level of phosphorylation of Trks was found to decrease with time. These results indicate that activation of TrkB signal pathway prevents LFS from inducing synaptic depression in visual cortex in vivo.
Ultra-thin (T/sub eff/ /sup inv/ = 1.7 nm) poly-Si-gated SiN/HfO/sub 2//SiON high-k stack dielectrics with high thermal stability (1050°C) (2003)

Demonstrated the high-performance and high-reliability of ultra-thin poly-Si-gated SiN/HfO/sub 2//SiON high-k stack dielectrics. A SiN layer deposited on HfO/sub 2/ is shown to be indispensable to the suppression of the reaction of poly-Si and HfO/sub 2/, resulting in high thermal stability (1050/spl deg/C). This thermally stable SiN/HfO/sub 2//SiON structure can achieve an ultrathin oxide thickness of T/sub eff//sup inv/ (effective oxide thickness measured in strong inversion region) for 1.7 nm, which is less than 1 nm for EOT. A low leakage current of 5 to 6 orders of magnitude lower than that of SiO/sub 2/ was observed. In addition, this thermal stability can lead to high reliability, which includes TDDB and hot electron integrity.
Screening Methodology for Downhole Sand Control Selection (2004)

Abstract The Sand Management Strategy for existing North West Shelf (NWS) fields involves reactive downhole sand control in the event sand is produced above acceptable limits. Sand face completions for new wells consider well and system risks over the life of the development. A screening methodology has been developed to evaluate and rank the available sand control techniques for NWS conditions. Published criteria are used in a systematic manner, allowing a consistent, balanced and transparent view of benefits and risks across the different ‘system’ aspects. The methodology incorporates a combination of a flowchart and sand control matrix, where each selection criterion is evaluated according to a likelihood × consequence ranking. In this way all relevant information and its relative importance are included in the decision making process. This paper describes the methodology and its application for conceptual design across a number of NWS high rate gas well case studies. These range from existing, near-vertical platform wells to new, horizontal subsea wells.
Cooperation in a Half-Duplex Gaussian Diamond Relay Channel (2007)

A half-duplex relay channel consisting of two relays in a diamond topology is studied. In contrast to full-duplex systems, it is shown that time should be optimally allocated among different states. In contrast to the classical three-node relay channel, it is shown that spatial reuse can be utilized to allow communication without interference. Both achievable rate and upper bound on capacity are studied. Several communication schemes such as multihop with spatial reuse, scale-forward, broadcast-multiaccess with common message, compress-forward, as well as hybrid ones are characterized, some of which are novel. It is also shown that simple multihop with spatial reuse achieves the capacity of certain symmetric diamond channels.