gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The tandem scanning reflected light microscope (1985)

Abstract Reflected light microscopy of biological material has been a very difficult task and many different but hardly successful attempts have been made to get usable images. The main reasons for this state are: Weak reflections from the biologically important structures in the object as against strong reflection at its surface; reflections at optical surfaces in the microscope which cause a deterioration of contrast; and the mixing together of reflections from many levels in the object so that the signal coming from the focussed‐on level is lost in noise and d.c. components. We tried, and successfully, to reverse this situation and to make it possible for the signal to overwhelm spurious and scattered light using double, or, as we call it, tandem scanning. The object is illuminated only in small patches lying in one plane and moving across this plane, and only the light reflected from these illuminated patches is allowed to pass into the image plane and participate in image formation. The image consists of points which travel over the image plane and which are geometrical images of the illuminated patches in the focussed‐on object plane. To ensure that only the light belonging to these geometrical images be allowed to enter the image, the image plane is covered with an opaque diaphragm having holes in locations exactly corresponding to the locations of the geometrical images of the illuminated object points; this diaphragm travels in concordance with the first scanning and so the complete image of the focussed‐on object plane is formed successively. Both scans are performed by a single device, a Nipkow disc carrying in its annular periphery several ten thousands of holes arranged in Archimedean spirals. The disc is 100 mm in diameter and rotates about 100 rpm driven by an electric motor. On one side the disc is illuminated in a circle 18 mm in diameter, and the light transmitted through several hundred holes and reflected in a mirror system passes a microscope objective which forms the images of the disc holes in the object plane. The light reflected here passes through the same objective and mirror system (one mirror being a “limitlessly thin” beam splitter) to pass conjugate aperture holes on the observation side of the Nipkow disc. As the disc lies at the intermediate image plane of the objective lens on both its illuminating and observation sides, only light emanating from reflection or fluorescence in the plane of focus can contribute to the image. High contrast images of very thin focussed‐on layers are thus formed. The practical arrangements are such that very large specimens can be examined: The specimens for this microscope need not themselves be microscopic.
Quantitation of Organophosphorus Nerve Agent Metabolites in Human Urine Using Isotope Dilution Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2002)

An isotope dilution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (GC-MS-MS) method was developed for quantitating the urinary metabolites of the organophosphorus nerve agents sarin, soman, tabun (GA), VX, and GF. Urine samples were concentrated by codistillation with acetonitrile, derivatized by methylation with diazomethane, and analyzed by GC-MS-MS. The limits of detection were less than 4 microg/L for all the analytes except for the GA metabolite, which had a limit of detection of less than 20 microg/L.
An evaluation of ion‐textured aluminum oxide dental implants (1981)

A study was undertaken to evaluate the ion-beam texturing of aluminum oxide as a means of providing a surface which will produce a biological prosthetic attachment. A wafflelike pattern of surface contours 150 x 75 x 35 microm deep was produced on cylindrical dental implants. The textured surfaces were compared to the as received surfaces in adult mongrel dogs. Implants were inserted into surgically modified healed extraction sites and were left in place for six months. Post-sacrifice mechanical testing was used to quantify the displacement response of the implants. The clinical, radiographic and mechanical testing evaluations did not reveal any statistically significant differences in the performance of the dental implants. However, it was observed that anatomical site and mandibular geometry with respect to implant size play a significant role in affecting implant retention.
CryptKi: Mobile Hardware Wallet (2018)

Cryptocurrencies are rapidly receiving mainstream attention and adoption. As a result, new technologies are developing to store and transact cryptocurrencies to keep up with a rapidly developing market. We have developed a way to utilize a mobile phone to communicate with the Ethereum blockchain in order to monitor and initiate cryptocurrency transactions. The project allows users to create new Ethereum addresses and to send arbitrary amounts of Ether to existing Ethereum addresses, while maintaining security for the end user. We conclude that this method of communication with the Ethereum blockchain is viable and is an avenue for exploration in the future. As a result from this project, we anticipate a growth of new cryptocurrency applications on mobile devices. Furthermore, the various security features utilized in this project such as pin randomization, mnemonic recovery, and hardware level encryption can be implemented in other applications to increase security for all users.
Urgent therapy for stroke. Part II. Pilot study of tissue plasminogen activator administered 91-180 minutes from onset. (1992)

Renewed interest in thrombolytic therapy as potential treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke prompted a dose-escalation safety study of tissue plasminogen activator in patients with very early (less than or equal to 90 minutes; see Part I) neurological symptoms. To test whether this stringent entry window might be safely lengthened, a second study was organized to test tissue plasminogen activator in patients with symptoms of 91-180 minutes' duration before treatment.An open-label, dose-escalation design was chosen. Eligible patients had pretreatment head computerized tomographic scanning and treatment begun 91-180 minutes from stroke onset. End points examined included the incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, other bleeding, and clinical outcome at 2 hours, 24 hours, and 3 months after treatment.Twenty patients were treated at three hospitals in 13 months. Three doses were tested: 0.6 mg/kg (n = 8), 0.85 mg/kg (n = 6), and 0.95 mg/kg (n = 6). Two patients, one eac...
Anti-jamming performance of slow FH-CPM signals with concatenated coding and jamming estimation (2004)

A slow frequency-hopping (FH) spread-spectrum (SS) system with trellis-coded interleaved continuous phase modulation (CPM) is proposed, where the phase is continuous during each hop interval. The proposed system provides power- and bandwidth-efficient antijam capability in the presence of partial-band noise jamming. The proposed receivers use coherent or noncoherent iterative demodulation and decoding along with jammer state information. Furthermore, an iterative jamming state estimation technique is proposed to provide robust antijam performance.
Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification via Spatial-Regulated Self-Training (2020)

Because there are many unlabeled samples in hyperspectral images and the cost of manual labeling is high, this paper adopts semi-supervised learning method to make full use of many unlabeled samples. In addition, those hyperspectral images contain much spectral information and the convolutional neural networks have great ability in representation learning. This paper proposes a novel semi-supervised hyperspectral image classification framework which utilizes self-training to gradually assign highly confident pseudo labels to unlabeled samples by clustering and employs spatial constraints to regulate self-training process. Spatial constraints are introduced to exploit the spatial consistency within the image to correct and re-assign the mistakenly classified pseudo labels. Through the process of self-training, the sample points of high confidence are gradually increase, and they are added to the corresponding semantic classes, which makes semantic constraints gradually enhanced. At the same time, the increase in high confidence pseudo labels also contributes to regional consistency within hyperspectral images, which highlights the role of spatial constraints and improves the HSIc efficiency. Extensive experiments in HSIc demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness, and high accuracy of our approach.
ADP-ribosylation factor 6 regulates tumor cell invasion through the activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway (2004)

Tumor cell invasion through the extracellular matrix is accompanied by the formation of invadopodia, which are actin-rich protrusions at the adherent surface of cells at sites of extracellular matrix degradation. Using the invasive human melanoma cell line LOX as a model system, we demonstrate that the ADP-ribosylation factor 6 (ARF6) GTPase is an important regulator of invadopodia formation and cell invasion. We show that ARF6 localizes to invadopodia of LOX cells. Sustained activation of ARF6 significantly enhances the invasive capacity of melanoma as well as breast tumor cell lines, whereas dominant negative ARF6 abolishes basal cell invasive capacity as well as invasion induced by growth factors. Furthermore, using biochemical assays, we show that enhanced invasive capacity is accompanied by the activation of endogenous ARF6. Finally, we provide evidence that ARF6-enhanced melanoma cell invasion depends on the activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and that the ARF6 GTPase cycle regulates ERK activation. This study describes a vital role for ARF6 in melanoma cell invasion and documents a link between ARF6-mediated signaling and ERK activation.
Proton and calcium circuits across the mitochondrial inner membrane (1984)

Conference Article| June 01 1984 Proton and calcium circuits across the mitochondrial inner membrane DAVID G. NICHOLLS; DAVID G. NICHOLLS 1Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ROSALIND SNELLING; ROSALIND SNELLING 1Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar EDUARDO RIAL EDUARDO RIAL 1Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Ninewells Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1984) 12 (3): 388–390. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120388 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation DAVID G. NICHOLLS, ROSALIND SNELLING, EDUARDO RIAL; Proton and calcium circuits across the mitochondrial inner membrane. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1984; 12 (3): 388–390. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0120388 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1984 Biochemical Society1984 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Hollow Urchin‐like ZnO thin Films by Electrochemical Deposition (2010)

Arrays of ordered hollow urchin-like ZnO single-crystal nanowires with controlled core dimensions and wire morphology are obtained by a new method that combines electrochemical deposition with colloidal templating rendered electrically conductive. This method opens new opportunities for processing novel metal oxide or hydroxide materials based on a similar growth mechanism. Such ordered structures exhibit superior optical reflectance compared to nanowire arrays.
Theoretical model of superconducting spintronic SIsFS devices (2013)

Motivated by recent progress in the development of cryogenic memory compatible with single flux quantum (SFQ) circuits, we have performed a theoretical study of magnetic SIsFS Josephson junctions, where “S” is a bulk superconductor, “s” is a thin superconducting film, “F” is a metallic ferromagnet, and “I” is an insulator. We calculate the Josephson current as a function of s and F layers thickness, temperature, and exchange energy of F film. We outline several modes of operation of these junctions and demonstrate their unique ability to have large product of a critical current IC and a normal-state resistance RN in the π state, comparable to that in superconductor–insulator–superconductor tunnel junctions commonly used in SFQ circuits. We develop a model describing switching of the Josephson critical current in these devices by external magnetic field. The results are in good agreement with the experimental data for Nb-Al/AlOx-Nb-Pd0.99Fe0.01-Nb junctions.
3D-SIM Super Resolution Microscopy Reveals a Bead-Like Arrangement for FtsZ and the Division Machinery: Implications for Triggering Cytokinesis (2012)

FtsZ is a tubulin-like GTPase that is the major cytoskeletal protein in bacterial cell division. It polymerizes into a ring, called the Z ring, at the division site and acts as a scaffold to recruit other division proteins to this site as well as providing a contractile force for cytokinesis. To understand how FtsZ performs these functions, the in vivo architecture of the Z ring needs to be established, as well as how this structure constricts to enable cytokinesis. Conventional wide-field fluorescence microscopy depicts the Z ring as a continuous structure of uniform density. Here we use a form of super resolution microscopy, known as 3D-structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM), to examine the architecture of the Z ring in cells of two Gram-positive organisms that have different cell shapes: the rod-shaped Bacillus subtilis and the coccoid Staphylococcus aureus. We show that in both organisms the Z ring is composed of a heterogeneous distribution of FtsZ. In addition, gaps of fluorescence were evident, which suggest that it is a discontinuous structure. Time-lapse studies using an advanced form of fast live 3D-SIM (Blaze) support a model of FtsZ localization within the Z ring that is dynamic and remains distributed in a heterogeneous manner. However, FtsZ dynamics alone do not trigger the constriction of the Z ring to allow cytokinesis. Lastly, we visualize other components of the divisome and show that they also adopt a bead-like localization pattern at the future division site. Our data lead us to propose that FtsZ guides the divisome to adopt a similar localization pattern to ensure Z ring constriction only proceeds following the assembly of a mature divisome.
Continuous Flow-Processing of Organometallic Reagents Using an Advanced Peristaltic Pumping System and the Telescoped Flow Synthesis of (<i>E/Z</i>)-Tamoxifen (2013)

A new enabling technology for the pumping of organometallic reagents such as n-butyllithium, Grignard reagents, and DIBAL-H is reported, which utilises a newly developed, chemically resistant, peristaltic pumping system. Several representative examples of its use in common transformations using these reagents, including metal–halogen exchange, addition, addition–elimination, conjugate addition, and partial reduction, are reported along with examples of telescoping of the anionic reaction products. This platform allows for truly continuous pumping of these highly reactive substances (and examples are demonstrated over periods of several hours) to generate multigram quantities of products. This work culminates in an approach to the telescoped synthesis of (E/Z)-tamoxifen using continuous-flow organometallic reagent-mediated transformations.
General synthesis of didehydroamino-acids and peptides (1974)

D. H. Rich, J. Tam, P. Mathiaparanam, J. A. Grant and C. Mabuni, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 897 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000897
An association study between granulin gene polymorphisms and Alzheimer's disease in Finnish population (2008)

Granulin protein plays an important role in neurite outgrowth and neuronal survival. Recently, it was shown that mutations in granulin (GRN) gene cause tau-negative frontotemporal dementia supporting the idea that granulin is involved in neurodegeneration. Here we have investigated whether genetic variability in the GRN gene influences also the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Genotyping of six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the GRN gene among 512 AD patients and 649 control subjects originating from Finland did not show significant association with AD. However, stratification according to gender revealed a significant male-specific allele, genotype and haplotype association between AD and GRN SNPs rs4792939, rs850713, and rs5848. These data suggest that genetic variability in the GRN gene may also increase the risk for developing AD in a gender-specific manner.
Phase I open-label, dose-escalation study of ANA773 tosylate, an oral prodrug of a toll-like receptor-7 agonist, in patients with advanced solid tumors. (2011)

2524 Background: ANA773 is an oral prodrug of a small molecule, TLR7-selective agonist which has demonstrated pharmacological activity in preclinical studies. In a study in healthy volunteers, dose-related increases in markers of interferon-alpha dependent responses (e.g. oligoadenylate synthetase (OAS), neopterin, and OAS1 and other Interferon Stimulated Gene mRNAs) were observed after administration of ANA773 with little or no increase in circulating IFN-alpha. This study aimed to determine the MTD, pharmacodynamics (PD), pharmacokinetics (PK), and anti-tumor activity in pts with advanced cancer. Methods: Phase I dose escalation in pts with advanced solid tumors. Pts were treated with ANA773 dosed orally every other day for 14 days followed by a 14 day rest period, on continuous 28-day cycles. A minimum of 3 pts were enrolled at each dose level. Endpoints included safety, PK, biomarkers of immune activation and tumor response by RECIST. Results: 20 pts have been treated at 5 dose levels (50, 100, 200, 400, and 800mg QOD). ANA773 was well tolerated; the MTD was not reached in this trial. CTC grade 1-2 AEs considered possibly treatment related included fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, headaches, vomiting and weight loss. One pt had gr 3 fatigue. One pt had DLT; a pt with malignant melanoma experienced grade 3 neutropenia at 800mg QOD and was dose reduced to 600mg QOD starting in cycle 2. This pt achieved a PR and continued treatment for 19 cycles. 4 pts had stable disease (SD): adenocystic carcinoma (13 cycles), prostatic carcinoma (6 cycles), uveal melanoma (7 cycles) and uveal melanoma (11 cycles). PK analysis indicates that exposure to the active TLR7 agonist is dose proportional. At 400 and 800 mg QOD an increased expression for interferon-responsive genes (OAS1, ISG15, IFIT1 and IFI27) was demonstrated in PBMCs. Consistent with ongoing TLR7 activation, substantial induction of all four genes occurred on D13. Conclusions: ANA773 was well tolerated in pts with advanced solid tumors. Continued clinical development is supported by the early evidence for its activity, including evidence of TLR7 agonist-mediated pharmacology and responses observed in pts with melanoma.
In Vitro Generation of Human T Regulatory Cells: Generation, Culture, and Analysis of FOXP3-Transduced T Cells (2012)

T regulatory cells (Tregs) suppress immune responses and therefore have potential to be used in the clinic as a cellular therapy for autoimmune disease and to prevent rejection of transplanted organs. Obtaining sufficient numbers of these cells for therapeutic use is a challenge, however, since there are currently no Treg cell-specific markers, and they have a poor in vitro expansion potential. Tregs express high levels of FOXP3, a transcription factor that is critical for their function. We have shown that lentivirus-based overexpression of FOXP3 can reprogram naïve or memory human CD4(+) T cells into cells which possess a phenotype and function similar to ex vivo Tregs. Here we will review the methodology involved in generating, expanding, and testing FOXP3-transduced cells and their ex vivo Treg counterparts.
Trialkyl phosphate and phosphorothiolate anticholinesterases. I. Amiton analogs (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrialkyl phosphate and phosphorothiolate anticholinesterases. I. Amiton analogsPeretz. Bracha and Richard D. O'BrienCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 4, 1545–1554Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00844a043https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00844a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel adapter CAR-T cell technology for precisely controllable multiplex cancer targeting (2021)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T therapy holds great promise to sustainably improve cancer treatment. However, currently, a broad applicability of CAR-T cell therapies is hampered by limited CAR-T cell versatility and tractability and the lack of exclusive target antigens to discriminate cancerous from healthy tissues. To achieve temporal and qualitative control on CAR-T function, we engineered the Adapter CAR (AdCAR) system. AdCAR-T are redirected to surface antigens via biotin-labeled adapter molecules in the context of a specific linker structure, referred to as Linker-Label-Epitope. AdCAR-T execute highly specific and controllable effector function against a multiplicity of target antigens. In mice, AdCAR-T durably eliminate aggressive lymphoma. Importantly, AdCAR-T might prevent antigen evasion by combinatorial simultaneous or sequential targeting of multiple antigens and are capable to identify and differentially lyse cancer cells by integration of adapter molecule-mediated signals based on multiplex antigen expression profiles. In consequence the AdCAR technology enables controllable, flexible, combinatorial, and selective targeting.