gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical properties of liquid mercury (1981)

Interest in the optical properties of liquid Hg has resulted in numerous studies over the past quarter of a century. Consistent differences have been observed between the optical properties of liquid Hg deduced from reflectance and from ellipsometric spectra, and several models have been proposed which have attempted to explain these differences by the introduction of an inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic surface region. However, a systematic analysis of the previously existing and new ellipsometric data for liquid Hg fails to demonstrate the existence of a surface transition zone having inhomogeneous and/or anisotropic properties. It is further shown that the contradiction between the optical constants obtained from ellipsometric and from reflectance measurements is not real and that the former are representative of liquid Hg while the latter contain large uncertainties because of insufficient sensitivity. The observed deviations of the optical constants of liquid Hg from "Drude" behavior still require theoretical explanation.
Design and Implementation of a Small Business Rule Management System Based on Constrained Chinese Natural Language (2005)

Business logic is the most dynamic component in business applications. Business Rule Management System captures business logic as rules,and lets users quickly and securely change business rules,redeploying without altering software code. In this paper,the principles of Business Rule are discussed and the design of a small Business Rule Management System based on constrained Chinese naural language is presented.
<i>C</i>-<i>C</i>Cleavage of α-Hydroxy-ketoximes under Mild Conditions using Phosphonitrile Dichloride (1975)

The fragmentation of α-hydroxy-ketoximes with phosphonitrile dichloride in presence of pyridine is reported
Low Conversion Loss Millimeter Wave Mixers (1973)

To be reported in this paper are new results obtained for mixers in the frequency range up to 95 GHz. Both frequency diplexer types of mixers and those which utilize a standard directional coupler for LO injection will be discussed. The mixers use a replaceable wafer type diode holder. The replaceable wafer contains a unique Westinghouse developed double diode structure which results in very low RF losses. The diode is a GaAs Schottky barrier with zero bias frequency cut-off of over 800 GHz. Theoretically predicted values of conversion loss under 5.0 dB are attained over the frequency range.
Structural Analysis of a Dengue Cross-Reactive Antibody Complexed with Envelope Domain III Reveals the Molecular Basis of Cross-Reactivity (2012)

Dengue virus infections are still increasing at an alarming rate in tropical and subtropical countries, underlying the need for a dengue vaccine. Although it is relatively easy to generate Ab responses to dengue virus, low avidity or low concentrations of Ab may enhance infection of FcR-bearing cells with clinical impact, posing a challenge to vaccine production. In this article, we report the characterization of a mAb, 2H12, which is cross-reactive to all four serotypes in the dengue virus group. Crystal structures of 2H12-Fab in complex with domain III of the envelope protein from three dengue serotypes have been determined. 2H12 binds to the highly conserved AB loop of domain III of the envelope protein that is poorly accessible in the mature virion. 2H12 neutralization varied between dengue serotypes and strains; in particular, dengue serotype 2 was not neutralized. Because the 2H12-binding epitope was conserved, this variation in neutralization highlights differences between dengue serotypes and suggests that significant conformational changes in the virus must take place for Ab binding. Surprisingly, 2H12 facilitated little or no enhancement of infection. These data provide a structural basis for understanding Ab neutralization and enhancement of infection, which is crucial for the development of future dengue vaccines.
Limb salvage in periacetabular sarcomas: review of 21 consecutive cases. (1996)

The oncologic and functional outcome was reviewed in 21 consecutive patients who underwent limb salvaging surgery for periacetabular sarcoma using a new surgical approach and different types of reconstruction between 1972 and 1990. Histologic diagnosis in 86% showed osteosarcomas, chondrosarcomas, and Ewing's tumors. Age ranged from 10.0 to 61.5 years (mean age, 32.9 years). The resection margin was wide in 15 patients but marginal in 2 patients and intralesional in 4 patients. All of the latter patients died of their disease. In all cases where 3-dimensional imaging was used, wide resection margins could be achieved, whereas this was possible only in 50% of the cases with conventional imaging techniques. Seven patients died of their disease 3 to 15 months after surgery, 2 died of chemotherapy induced sepsis, and 2 patients died perioperatively. At followup, 8 patients had no evidence of disease (mean, 57.6 months; range, 12-190 months), and 2 patients were alive with disease. Fourteen patients could be observed for at least 12 months (mean, 41.1 months) and were functionally evaluated according to Enneking's criteria. If extensive resection was necessary, the best results were found if the defect had been reconstructed with a custom made prosthesis. The results were only satisfactory after implantation of saddle prostheses and poor with allografts or when no reconstruction of the bone defect was done.
Semiconductivity of organic substances. Part 11.—Electrical properties of substituted allyl radicals (1967)

The electrical properties of the stable solid free radicals of the type α,γ bisdiphenylene-β-R-phenyl allyl radicals have been examined. They behave as semiconductors with energy gaps in the range 1.5–1.7 eV whether as single crystals, films or compressed powders. The radicals also exhibit photoconduction. In common with other free radicals, the photocurrent in surface cells follows the electronic absorption spectrum, except for the lowest energy band where the photocurrent is extremely small.
Trajectory Planning of an End-Effector for Path with Loop (2014)

This paper presents an algorithm for rectilinear-arc trajectory planning whose path is composed of two rectilinear segments connected with a loop-shaped arc. The algorithm can be used in solutions with high speed cornering applications. During the realization of the given trajectory, the end-effector passed through the corner twice and the time difference is, simultaneously, the time of loop tracking. On the rectilinear segments, end-effector acceleration was described by a 7 th degree polynomial, whereas the velocity while moving through a loop was a constant value. The results of the trajectory planning are presented as courses of displacements, speeds and accelerations of the end-effector and displacements, speeds and accelerations in kinematic pairs of the three manipulators.
A History of Cancer Chemotherapy (2008)

The use of chemotherapy to treat cancer began at the start of the 20th century with attempts to narrow the universe of chemicals that might affect the disease by developing methods to screen chemicals using transplantable tumors in rodents. It was, however, four World War II-related programs, and the effects of drugs that evolved from them, that provided the impetus to establish in 1955 the national drug development effort known as the Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center. The ability of combination chemotherapy to cure acute childhood leukemia and advanced Hodgkin's disease in the 1960s and early 1970s overcame the prevailing pessimism about the ability of drugs to cure advanced cancers, facilitated the study of adjuvant chemotherapy, and helped foster the national cancer program. Today, chemotherapy has changed as important molecular abnormalities are being used to screen for potential new drugs as well as for targeted treatments.
Crystal Structure of α <sub>1</sub> : Implications for Protein Design (1990)

X-ray diffraction shows the structure of a synthetic protein model, formed from noncovalent self-association of a 12-residue peptide and of sulfate ions at low pH. This peptide is a fragment of a 16-residue polypeptide that was designed to form an amphiphilic alpha helix with a ridge of Leu residues along one helical face. By interdigitation of the leucines of four such helices, the design called for self-association into a four-alpha-helical bundle. The crystal structure (2.7 angstrom resolution; R factor = 0.215) reveals a structure more complex than the design, with both a tetramer and a hexamer. The alpha-helical tetramer with leucine interior has more oblique crossing angles than most four-alpha-helical bundles; the hexamer has a globular hydrophobic core of 12 leucine residues and three associated sulfate ions. Computational analysis suggests that the hexameric association is tighter than the tetrameric one. The consistency of the structure with the design is discussed, as well as the divergence.
A specific enzyme defect in gout associated with overproduction of uric acid. (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Effect of Fluorine Substitution on Color and Fastness of Monoazo Dyes (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of Fluorine Substitution on Color and Fastness of Monoazo DyesJ. B. Dickey, E. B. Towne, M. S. Bloom, G. J. Taylor, H. M. Hill, R. A. Corbitt, M. A. McCall, W. H. Moore, and D. G. HedbergCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1953, 45, 8, 1730–1734Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50524a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50524a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views229Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Bacterial Carbon-Fixing Organelle Is Formed by Shell Envelopment of Preassembled Cargo (2013)

Carboxysomes assemble in a stepwise fashion, inside-to-outside, revealing that cargo is the principle organizer of this compartment's biogenesis. Our observations of the spatial relationship of seeds to previously formed carboxysomes lead us to propose a model for carboxysome replication via sequential fission, polymerization, and encapsulation of their internal cargo.
INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN A HOLOENDEMIC AREA OF SENEGAL (DIELMO, WEST AFRICA) PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM BLOOD-STAGE ANTIGENS IN (1996)

Three cross-sectional studies were conducted in a representative cohort of individuals living continu- ously in an area holoendemic for malaria in Senegal. Plasma from 145 children and adults were tested. The pattern of antimalarial.immunoglobulin class (IgM and IgG) and subclass (IgG 1 to IgG4) antibody distribution was deter- mined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a crude blood-stage antigen of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells. Adults had higher levels of specific antibodies than children, and IgM, IgG2, and IgG3 accounted for the higheit 'difference (2.9, 6.5, and 4.5 times, respectively). Differences in antibody levels were significant for IgGl to IgG4 between the lowest and the highest transmission season. No particular isotype distribution pattern could be found as ociated with any given parasitemia level. The relationship between the optical density (OD) values of each isotype and the risk of clinical malaria attack was tested using a Poisson regression model. Only the IgG3 OD increases 4ere found associated with a significantly reduced risk of malaria attack. These seroepidemiologic data suggest that whereas the total IgG-specific activity is not indicative of any given level of protection against malaria, the level of IgG3 was significantly associated with the relative susceptibility to clinical P. falciparum malaria attacks. /
Immunohistochemical expression of epithelial cell markers in corneas with congenital aniridia and ocular cicatrizing pemphigoid (2009)

Three different stages of epithelial characteristics were found in congenital aniridia and pemphigoid: (i) CK19-negative and inhomogenous CK12-positive cases indicating epithelium mainly from (partly) CK12-deficient limbal stem cells; (ii) CK19- and/or goblet cell-positive and CK12-positive cases with their epithelia originating from CK12-deficient limbal stem cells and from incursing conjunctival cells; and (iii) CK19-positive and CK12-negative cases consisting of conjunctival cells alone.
Dilatometric and X‐Ray Data for Lead Compounds, II (1963)

Linear thermal‐expansion data are presented for PbAl 2 O 4 , Pb 2 GeO 4 , PbMoO 4 , PbWO 4 , the perovskite‐type structures Pb 2 MgWO 6 , Pb 2 FeTaO 6 , and Pb 3 Fe 2 WO 9 , and the apatite‐type structures Pb 5 (SiO 4 )(VO 4 ) 2 , Pb 5 (GeO 4 )(VO 4 ) 2 , and Pb 5 (GeO 4 )(PO 4 ) 2 . X‐ray powder data are given, and the behavior of the compounds is correlated with previous information from the literature.
On the relationship between the “default mode network” and the “social brain” (2012)

The default mode network (DMN) of the brain consists of areas that are typically more active during rest than during active task performance. Recently however, this network has been shown to be activated by certain types of tasks. Social cognition, particularly higher-order tasks such as attributing mental states to others, has been suggested to activate a network of areas at least partly overlapping with the DMN. Here, we explore this claim, drawing on evidence from meta-analyses of functional MRI data and recent studies investigating the structural and functional connectivity of the social brain. In addition, we discuss recent evidence for the existence of a DMN in non-human primates. We conclude by discussing some of the implications of these observations.
A Novel Pattern Diversity Reflector Antenna Using Reconfigurable Frequency Selective Reflectors (2009)

A radiation pattern diversity reflector antenna is investigated. Novel switchable frequency selective reflectors are designed and developed to construct a square corner reflector antenna. By controlling a switching device on the frequency selective reflector, one can make it opaque or transparent to a vertically polarized incident wave. This antenna is fed by a monopole. By configuring the switch states of the frequency selective reflectors, various beam shapes can be formed and steered. Measured results of the antenna show good agreement with the calculated ones.
Efficient trapping of HIV-1 envelope protein by hetero-oligomerization with an N-helix chimera (2005)

Post-translational processing of HIV Envelope is very sensitive to an agent that binds to the N-heptad repeat during synthesis, suggesting that it might be possible to modify drugs that bind to this region to have transport-blocking properties.
Robust Time-Referenced Segmentation of Moving Object Trajectories (2008)

Trajectory segmentation is the process of partitioning a given trajectory into a small number of homogeneous segments w.r.t. some criteria. Conventional segmentation techniques only focus on the spatial features of the movement and could lead to spatially homogeneous segments but with presumably dissimilar temporal structures. Furthermore, trajectories could be over-segmented in the presence of outliers. In this paper, we propose a family of three trajectory segmentation methods that takes into account both geospatial and temporal structures of movement for the segmentation and is also robust with respect to time-referenced spatial outliers. The effectiveness of our methods is empirically demonstrated over three real-world datasets.
Sorption by gmelinite and mordenite (1944)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Fabrication, characterization and application of functional coatings on nickel foam to resist hydrogen sulfide corrosion and metal dusting at high temperature (2011)

Electrodeposition and co-electrodeposition methods were used to prepare: (1) copper coated nickel foam; (2) copper-ceria coated nickel foam. Both of these coatings formed a copper-nickel alloy after heat treatment in reducing atmosphere. These coatings have low, stable resistance when exposed to 500 ppm H2S-syngas at 750 oC. The copper-ceria coated nickel foam showed better resistance to H2S corrosion compared to copper coated nickel foam. This was because ceria acted as sulfur adsorbent which reduced the sulfidation rate. However, for the copper-ceria coating, cracks were formed and dense layer of coating could not be obtained thus making it unsuitable for use as an anode current collector in SOFCs applications. In contrast, for uncoated nickel foams exposed to either syngas or 500 ppm H2S-syngas, the bare nickel was severely cracked, causing loss of mechanical strength and large increase in resistance. Electrophoretic deposition was used as the coating technique for the ceramic coating. This coating is used to resist H2S corrosion for H2S level up to 5000 ppm. Titanium oxide was first used as the coating material since it can be commercially obtained and was used to help understand the process. The optimum suspension used for deposition contained 2 wt% titanium oxide, 2 wt% triethanolamine (TEA) and 1 wt% poly(vinyl butral-co-vinyl) (PVB). Cracks-free coating can be obtained after deposition. However, cracks were present when the titanium oxide coated samples were heated at high temperature.
In vivo detection of scrapie cases from blood by infrared spectroscopy (2005)

In the present study, infrared spectroscopy was shown to be able to distinguish healthy and scrapie-infected animals by analysis of the white-cell membranous fraction from blood. Infrared spectroscopy was able to detect not only clinical cases, but also animals at a preclinical stage of the disease. These findings suggest this technique as an accurate in vivo diagnostic tool that could be applied to animal as well as human samples. In addition to possibly avoiding the slaughter of a huge number of animals with the socio-economic consequences that this poses, the test could be expected to become useful in the prevention of human transmission by blood transfusion.
Graphical user interfaces (2011)

Abstract This article provides a brief introduction to graphical user interfaces or GUIs. The first section defines graphical user interfaces, describes interface components, and the different types of GUIs. This is followed by a short discussion of GUI design principles and descriptions of some tools for easily creating GUIs. The article concludes with some examples of GUIs that would be of interest to researchers and statisticians. WIREs Comp Stat 2011 3 119–133 DOI: 10.1002/wics.150 This article is categorized under: Software for Computational Statistics > Software/Statistical Software
Pulsed inductively coupled chlorine plasmas in the presence of a substrate bias (2001)

Pulsed inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) sustained in electronegative gas mixtures using a substrate bias are being investigated to achieve improved etching characteristics in microelectronics fabrication. Experiments have shown that electron temperatures in pulsed ICPs without a substrate bias monotonically decrease during the afterglow. Under select conditions with a substrate bias, electron temperatures increase in the late afterglow. These trends suggest a transition in power deposition from inductive to capacitive. To investigate these processes, a two-dimensional, computationally parallel model was developed for pulsed ICPs. Results for Cl2 plasmas indicate that with a substrate bias the sheath thickness and speed, and hence electron heating, increase during the afterglow as the electron density decays. When the sheath reaches a critical thickness, capacitive electron heating begins.
Antioxidant Nutrients and Pulmonary Function: The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (2000)

Recent studies of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have raised interest in its relation to nutrition. Several dietary antioxidants have been positively associated with lung function in healthy, general population samples. This study considered the separate and joint effects of vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, and selenium intake and used both dietary assessment and serum biomarkers of antioxidant status. The authors used data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey comprising a sample representative of the US population in 1988-1994 (n = 18,162 subjects aged > or =17 years). Multiple linear regression analysis examined the separate and joint effects of the antioxidants on the ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/height2 adjusted for covariates. Each of the dietary and serum antioxidant nutrients was significantly associated with FEV1. When they were considered simultaneously (dietary and serum variables considered in separate models), independent associations were observed for most nutrients. Serum beta-carotene was less positively associated with FEV1 in smokers than nonsmokers, while serum selenium had a stronger positive association with FEV1 in smokers. The authors found that higher levels of antioxidant nutrients are associated with better lung function. The finding that the antioxidants differ in both their overall association with lung function and in whether this association varies by smoking status has implications for further research.
Identification of Binding Specificity-Determining Features in Protein Families (2012)

We present a new approach for identifying features of ligand-protein binding interfaces that predict binding selectivity and demonstrate its effectiveness for predicting kinase inhibitor specificity. We analyzed a large set of human kinases and kinase inhibitors using clustering of experimentally determined inhibition constants (to define specificity classes of kinases and inhibitors) and virtual ligand docking (to extract structural and chemical features of the ligand-protein binding interfaces). We then used statistical methods to identify features characteristic of each class. Machine learning was employed to determine which combinations of characteristic features were predictive of class membership and to predict binding specificities and affinities of new compounds. Experiments showed predictions were 70% accurate. These results show that our method can automatically pinpoint on the three-dimensional binding interfaces pharmacophore-like features that act as "selectivity filters". The method is not restricted to kinases, requires no prior hypotheses about specific interactions, and can be applied to any protein families for which sets of structures and ligand binding data are available.
Wafer-scale sub-micron lithography (1999)

Wafer scale imprint lithography is introduced and demonstrated. Pattern features down to 100 nm in size are shown to be lithographed over the entire area of a silicon wafer 4 in. in diameter. An asymmetric heating and quenching cycle is used for the pattern fidelity. Simple mechanical arrangements make the wafer-scale lithography possible.