gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing power distribution system through 3D integrated models, optimized designs, and switching VRM model (2002)

After conducting 3D integrated modeling of an Intel microprocessor, a distributed load current model represented the non-uniform power distribution on the chip is hooked up the on-chip interconnect. The on-chip interconnect is then tied to the integrated model. A multiple-phase, full synchronous switched dc/dc converter model is connected to the other end of the integrated model. Performance evaluation of the complete power delivery system based on a single and multiphase dc/dc converter is made. Advantages and disadvantages of each design are noted. Differences in the output characteristics with a simple source replacement of the dc source and with an actual voltage regulator module are highlighted.
Chylomicron-sized lipid particles are formed in the setting of apolipoprotein B deficiency (1998)

The mechanisms for packaging large quantities of neutral lipids into apolipoprotein (apo) B-containing lipoproteins (chylomicrons or VLDL) are incompletely understood. However, several lines of evidence have suggested that the addition of core lipids to apoB to form a lipoprotein particle within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) may involve two steps: first, the addition of small amounts of core lipids to membrane-bound apoB, generating a lipid-poor, small apoB-containing particle, and second, the fusion of that particle with a larger, independently formed triglyceride-rich and apoB-free "lipid particle." We sought to test this two-step hypothesis of apoB core lipidation by using electron microscopy to compare chylomicron assembly in mice that are genetically deficient in the ability to synthesize apoB in the intestine to control mice. In 19-day gestational mice (fasting setting) that were deficient in intestinal apoB synthesis, chylomicron-sized lipid particles in the lumen of the enterocyte ER were even more abundant and were 2- to 3-fold larger than those in the enterocytes of normal control mice. However, there were fewer lipid-staining particles in the Golgi apparatus, and many fewer particles in the extracellular space, compared with normal control mice. In both types of newborn suckling mice, much larger lipid particles were assembled within the lumen of the ER. They were however, less abundant and rarely reached the Golgi apparatus in fatty enterocytes of intestines deficient in apoB synthesis. These observations provide in vivo evidence that chylomicron formation could involve the synthesis of apoB-free triglyceride-rich particles within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, and that the transport of these lipid particles out of the ER to Golgi apparatus and interstitium is facilitated by the acquisition of apoB.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Wine from Various Sources (2016)

The aim of present study is to produce wine from four different sources- rice, barley, grapes and strawberry. The wine produced is determined for its antioxidant properties, total phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity. The quantification and purification of the wine samples was carried through HPLC. The antioxidant and the efficacy of wine against various microorganisms was verified through disc diffusion method. The assay was performed for four consecutive weeks after the production of wine, and the comparative analysis was made. All the observations suggest that wines have potential effect to overcome the oxidative stress and prevent cellular damage, which is a root cause of various forms of cancer and heart diseases.
The Death-Associated Protein Kinases: Structure, Function, and Beyond (2006)

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPk) is the founding member of a newly classified family of Ser/Thr kinases, whose members not only possess significant homology in their catalytic domains, but also share cell death-associated functions. The realization that DAPk is a tumor suppressor gene, whose expression is lost in multiple tumor types, has spurred a flurry of interest in the kinase family and produced an impressive body of literature concerning its function, regulation, and connection to disease. The DAPk family has been linked to several cell death-related signaling pathways, and functions other than cell death have also been proposed. This review presents a thorough structural analysis of the kinases, discusses methods of regulation, clarifies their cellular targets and functions, and shows how these functions are integrated. Although many gaps in our knowledge still remain, the data generated to date can be combined to delineate a place for the DAPk family within the general cell death-signaling network.
First Report of <i>Tilletia pulcherrima</i> Bunt on Switchgrass (<i>Panicum virgatum</i>) in Texas (2008)

Switchgrass seed samples of 'Blackwell' and 'Alamo' from Bailey County, TX were examined for bunt fungi. Fourteen completely bunted seeds of 'Blackwell' and four of 'Alamo' were found. No partially bunted seeds were found. Bunted seeds were darker and occasionally slightly swollen relative to noninfected seeds. Teliospores were globose to subglobose, 21 to 28 × 20 to 27 μm in diameter, dark reddish brown to nearly black, with blunt warts 1 to 1.8 μm long, enveloped in a hyaline sheath, and often with a short apiculus. Sterile cells were globose to subglobose, 17.5 to 22 μm, with smooth, laminated walls as much as 2.6 μm thick, and often with a short apiculus. This bunt was identified as Tilletia pulcherrima Ellis & Galloway on the basis of host and spore morphology (2). The internal transcribed spacer regions 1 and 2, including the 5.8S rDNA, were sequenced from bunted 'Blackwell' seeds (GenBank Accession No. EU915293, WSP 71501). The sequence was distinct from all Tilletia sequences in GenBank, including Tilletia barclayana (Bref.) Sacc. & Syd. on Panicum obtusum Kunth (GenBank Accession No. AF 310169) (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of T. pulcherrima from switchgrass in Texas. Plant pathologists and regulatory officials should be aware of the potential for misidentification of T. pulcherrima as T. indica Mitra, the Karnal bunt pathogen of wheat that has similar spores, occurs in Texas, and has quarantine status. References: (1) R. Durán and G. W. Fischer. The Genus Tilletia, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 1961. (2) K. Vánky, Mycotaxon 91:217, 2005.
In-Depth Investigation of the Soybean Seed-Filling Proteome and Comparison with a Parallel Study of Rapeseed   (2008)

To better understand the metabolic processes of seed filling in soybean (Glycine max), two complementary proteomic approaches, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DGE) and semicontinuous multidimensional protein identification technology (Sec-MudPIT) coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, were employed to analyze whole seed proteins at five developmental stages. 2-DGE and Sec-MudPIT analyses collectively identified 478 nonredundant proteins with only 70 proteins common to both datasets. 2-DGE data revealed that 38% of identified proteins were represented by multiple 2-DGE species. Identified proteins belonged to 13 (2-DGE) and 15 (Sec-MudPIT) functional classes. Proteins involved in metabolism, protein destination and storage, and energy were highly represented, collectively accounting for 61.1% (2-DGE) and 42.2% (Sec-MudPIT) of total identified proteins. Membrane proteins, based upon transmembrane predictions, were 3-fold more prominent in Sec-MudPIT than 2-DGE. Data were integrated into an existing soybean proteome database (www.oilseedproteomics.missouri.edu). The integrated quantitative soybean database was compared to a parallel study of rapeseed (Brassica napus) to further understand the regulation of intermediary metabolism in protein-rich versus oil-rich seeds. Comparative analyses revealed (1) up to 3-fold higher expression of fatty acid biosynthetic proteins during seed filling in rapeseed compared to soybean; and (2) approximately a 48% higher number of protein species and a net 80% higher protein abundance for carbon assimilatory and glycolytic pathways leading to fatty acid synthesis in rapeseed versus soybean. Increased expression of glycolytic and fatty acid biosynthetic proteins in rapeseed compared to soybean suggests that a possible mechanistic basis for higher oil in rapeseed involves the concerted commitment of hexoses to glycolysis and eventual de novo fatty acid synthesis pathways.
Large‐Scale Exfoliation of Inorganic Layered Compounds in Aqueous Surfactant Solutions (2011)

A method to exfoliate MoS2 in large quantities in surfactant-water solutions is described. The layered material tends to be exfoliated as dispersions of thin, relatively defect-free flakes with lateral sizes of hundreds of nanometers. This method can be extended to a range of other layered compounds. The dispersed flakes can be mixed with nanotubes or graphene to greate functional hybrid materials. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transducer of erbB2.1 is a potential cellular target of gefitinib in lung cancer therapy (2012)

Gefitinib, the specific inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), may cause growth delay in cancer cell lines. Thorough understanding of the downstream cellular signaling of gefitinib will facilitate the discovery of biomarkers for predicting outcomes and monitoring anti-EGFR therapies, and provide information for key targets for therapeutic intervention. In this study, we investigated the role of transducer of erbB2.1 (TOB1) in gefitinib therapy. Using the lung carcinoma cell lines A549 and NCI-H1975, the results suggested that gefitinib might mediate cell cycle arrest in lung cancer cells at least by targeting TOB1 expression. Gefitinib treatment caused cell cycle arrest predominantly at the G1 phase, which is associated with TOB1 nuclear translocation and its interaction with cyclin D1. We also showed that knockdown of TOB1 expression by RNAi rescued lung cancer cells from gefitinib-induced cell-proliferative arrest. These results suggest that TOB1 interaction with cyclin D1 and nuclear translocation is directly involved in the gefitinib-induced anti-proliferative cell cycle arrest.
Characterization of the elicitor-induced biosynthesis and secretion of genistein from roots of Lupinus luteus L (1999)

large number of genera of the Fabaceae family (Smith and Banks, 1986).It is also reported in the Rosaceae Genistein is a multi-functional isoflavonoid naturally family (Geibel et al., 1990;Palme et al., 1996).Genistein secreted from roots of hydroponically grown legume may function as a phytoalexin (Nigg and Seigler, 1992) plants.Roots of hydroponically cultivated yellow lupin due to its slight antimicrobial and fungistatic activity (Lupinus luteus L.) plants, transferred into water (Geibel, 1994).More importantly, it serves as a signalling secreted minor amounts of genistein (about 5 mg g-1 compound that initiates the nodulation process in the fr.wt.).Secretion of genistein from L. luteus roots legume-rhizobia symbiosis ( Kosslak et al., 1987).Legume (rhizosecretion) was stimulated dramatically to over roots (e.g.Glycine max, Kosslak et al., 1987; Phaseolus 100 mg g-1 root fresh weight by soluble chitosan, salivulgaris, Hungria et al., 1991; Lupinus albus, Gagnon et cylic acid (SA) and potassium cyanide (KCN) supplied al., 1995) exude genistein and other isoflavonoids into at 0.12% (w/v), 800 mM and 400 mM, respectively.Other the soil in order to stimulate the expression of nod-genes identified elicitors caused a smaller induction of in Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium sp. ( Kosslak et al., genistein rhizosecretion.Increased levels of genistein 1987;Hungria et al., 1992).In response to these isoflain root exudates corresponded to greater amounts of vonoids, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia synthesize nodulation genistein in root tissue.Elicitor-induced rhizosecrefactors (e.g.substituted, beta 1,4-linked tri-, tetra-, and tion of genistein was based on de novo synthesis and pentamers of N-acetylglucosamine (Bec-Ferte et al., 1994; was inhibited by glyphosate and other less specific Lopez-Lara et al., 1995), which stimulate morphological metabolic inhibitors.Except for NaF:AlCl 3 , all tested changes in roots culminating in the formation of nodules elicitors of genistein rhizosecretion produced a dis- (Denarie et al., 1992).tinct bell-shaped dose-response curve.Most of the Genistein also has several desirable pharmacological elicitor-induced rhizosecretion of genistein occurred properties.It has anti-cancer, cancer-preventive and during the first day, followed by a gradual decline.phyto-oestrogenic activities amongst several others Further addition of elicitor treatments had little effect (Barnes, 1998).The anti-cancer activity of genistein may on genistein rhizosecretion, indicating that the inducbe based on its inhibition of tyrosine kinases (Akiyama tion of genistein rhizosecretion by the identified eliet al., 1987) and/or on the inhibition of DNA topoisomercitors is a once only event.ase II (Markovits et al., 1989).In addition, genistein interacts with the multi-drug resistance protein (MRP)
Unsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation Reduces Blood Lead Level in Rats (2015)

Some dietary factors could inhibit lead toxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary compounds rich in unsaturated fatty acids (FA) on blood lead level, lipid metabolism, and vascular reactivity in rats. Serum metallothionein and organs' lead level were evaluated with the aim of assessing the possible mechanism of unsaturated FA impact on blood lead level. For three months, male Wistar rats that were receiving drinking water with (100 ppm Pb) or without lead acetate were supplemented per os daily with virgin olive oil or linseed oil (0.2 mL/kg b.w.) or egg derived lecithin fraction: "super lecithin" (50 g/kg b.w.). Mesenteric artery was stimulated ex vivo by norepinephrine (NE) administered at six different doses. Lecithin supplementation slightly reduced pressor responses of artery to NE. Lead administered to rats attenuated the beneficial effect of unsaturated FA on lipid metabolism and vascular reactivity to adrenergic stimulation. On the other hand, the super lecithin and linseed oil that were characterized by low omega-6 to omega-3 ratio (about 1) reduced the blood lead concentration. This effect was observed in lead poisoned rats (p < 0.0001) and also in rats nonpoisoned with lead (p < 0.05).
ELECTRODELESS TECHNIQUES FOR SEMICONDUCTOR MEASUREMENTS (1962)

Electrodeless methods, based on the inductive coupling of samples to coils, for determining the electrical conductivity, the Hall mobility, and the magneto-resistance of a semiconductor are described. The theory is developed for cylindrical and spherical geometry samples and design considerations and experimental techniques are discussed. These methods eliminate problems encountered with standard four-probe methods, such as obtaining non-rectifying and non-injecting contacts, and applying electrodes to liquid or chemically active samples.
Microwave interferometric sensors as a tool for space and time analysis of active volcano deformations: The Stromboli case (2008)

A Ground Based SAR Interferometer (GB-InSAR) was installed at Stromboli volcano (Italy) in February 2003 to continuously monitor the behaviour of the morphological depression known as Sciara del Fuoco, SdF, with alerting purposes. This was decided as a consequence of the collapse of a large landslide from the NW slope of the SdF and the subsequent tsunami occurred on December 2002. The GB-In SAR system, working at Ku band, was set up on the stable right flank of the SdF; it has been continuously working and during this last five years has permitted to follow the temporal and spatial evolution of the mass movement in the SdF and the crater. Interferometric maps have permitted to assess the deformation field over a large portion of the target area and to characterize different processes. The system allowed to observe in particular two main events occurred on 5 April 2003 (a major explosion) and on 27 February 2007 (beginning of the effusive phase) respectively. The potential of the use of DInSAR from satellite platforms working at C band to understand the dynamic of the whole volcano has been also investigated. Different images acquired from the ERS2, RADARSAT and ENVISAT satellites before and after the 2003 collapse of the landslide, and before and after the 2007 event, have been interferometrically processed as well. Notwithstanding the restricted number of available images, the ground deformation occurred on the island due to the volcanic activity has been obtained with spatial and temporal characteristics complementary to those ones provided by GB-InSAR.
Efficient Access to Cyclic Ureas via Pd-Catalyzed Cyclization (2006)

[Structure: see text] An efficient regioselective method for the preparation of structurally diverse imidazopyridinones and benzoimidazolones starting from readily available and economical starting materials is described. High-yielding reductive alkylation of electron-deficient o-haloarylamines followed by treatment with inexpensive N-chlorosulfonyl isocyanate afforded primary ureas in good overall yields. A Pd-catalyzed urea cyclization reaction furnished imidazopyridinones and benzoimidazolones in excellent yields. Overall, the developed chemistry provides rapid access to pharmaceutically important heterocyclic compounds with high efficiency.
Isolation and Characterization of Naturally Occurring Subclasses of Human Peripheral Blood T Cells with Regulatory Functions (1978)

By utilizing naturally occurring autoimmune antibodies from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, we have isolated and functionally characterized two unique subpopulations of T cells. JRA+ T cells, i.e., those identified by sera from these patients, react poorly in response to allogeneic cells, respond to Con A but not PHA, and do not help in the synthesis and secretion of Ig by B cells. In contrast, JRA- T cells, i.e., those not identified by sera from these patients, respond very well to allogeneic cells, proliferate well in response to PHA but not Con A, and more interestingly, can greatly enhance the secretion of Ig by B cells.
Electric Field Theory of Toner Charging (2000)

It is assumed in the electric field theory of toner charging that toner particles triboelectrically charge until a material-dependent electric field is created at the surface of each toner particle. This is also called the high-density limit of the surface state theory. There are now two independent published experimental tests that are consistent with this theory. These experimental tests are reviewed and analyzed. In addition, several topics related to this theory are discussed, including (1) progress towards a microscopic theory of toner charging, (2) limitations on one of the theories of toner adhesion, and (3) a proposed new theory of the source of wrong sign toner.
Bulk Production of a New Form of sp<sup>2</sup> Carbon: Crystalline Graphene Nanoribbons (2008)

We report the use of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the bulk production (grams per day) of long, thin, and highly crystalline graphene ribbons (<20-30 microm in length) exhibiting widths of 20-300 nm and small thicknesses (2-40 layers). These layers usually exhibit perfect ABAB... stacking as in graphite crystals. The structure of the ribbons has been carefully characterized by several techniques and the electronic transport and gas adsorption properties have been measured. With this material available to researchers, it should be possible to develop new applications and physicochemical phenomena associated with layered graphene.
Marijuana's Effects on Human Cognitive Functions, Psychomotor Functions, and Personality (1986)

Marijuana is complex chemically and not yet fully understood, but it is not a narcotic. Like alcohol, marijuana acts as both stimulant and depressant, but it lingers in body organs longer than alcohol. Smoking marijuana can injure mucosal tissue and may have more carcinogenic potential than tobacco. Research has indicated that marijuana intoxication definitely hinders attention, long-term memory storage, and psychomotor skills involved in driving a car or flying a plane. Expectations and past experience with marijuana have often influenced results more than pharmacological aspects have. Marijuana has triggered psychotic episodes in those more vulnerable. Psychological and some instances of physiological dependence on marijuana have been demonstrated. As a psychoactive drug, marijuana surely alters mental functioning. Although it is possible that chronic use of marijuana produces irreversible damage to mind or brain areas, this has not been determined by research.
Phantom: an interpreted language for distributed programming (1995)

The emerging trend in writing distributed applications is to use an object-based RPC system with a statically compiled, object-oriented language. While such a programming environment is adequate for many tasks, object-based RPC systems and statically compiled languages also have certain intrinsic limitations. These limitations become significant when writing applications which are both distributed and interactive (e.g. network information browsers, distributed conferencing systems and collaborative work tools). This paper discusses these limitations, and presents the design of Phantom, a new intepreted language for distributed programming. Phantom provides many features found in object-based RPC systems and statically compiled languages, including automatic marshalling, transparent remote procedure call, secure authentication and concurrency support. In addition to these traditional features, Phantom&apos;s interpreted nature permits the use of certain programming techniques, such as true o...
Functional Rescue of Obesity-causing Human Melanocortin-4 Receptor Mutants: Insights for Pharmacological Chaperon Drugs (2013)

Copyright: © 2013 Dong B et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. In the past decade, mammalian and human genetic studies revealed that the leptin-regulating pathway plays a critical role in controlling body weight. So far, it has been demonstrated that mutation in seven genes including Leptin (LEP), Leptin Receptor (LEPR), Prohormone 1 (PC1), Pro-Opiomelanocortin (POMC), Melanocortin-4 Receptor (MC4R), and Single-Minded Homolog 1 (SIM1) cause monogenic early-onset obesity for both rodent and human [1]. Among them, MC4R has been identified as a key switch in the leptin-regulating pathway [2-6]. Mutations occurred in the coding region of the MC4R gene represent the most frequent monogenetic form causing human early-onset obesity and thus serve as the best available genetic model to investigate human obesity [7-9]. So far, over 150 mutant MC4Rs has been identified clinically from obese patients of variant ethnic backgrounds and around 6% of the human early-onset obesity was estimated to be caused by the mutated MC4Rs. Functional studies showed that 70% of the mutant MC4Rs are synthesized normally but defective in trafficking onto the cell surface, thus representing the most common defect of mutant MC4Rs [7].