gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of 12q14-15 rearrangements in three pulmonary chondroid hamartomas. (1995)

Chromosomal aberrations involving the chromosomal breakpoint region 12q14-15 are frequently seen in a variety of mesenchymal tumors as uterine leiomyomas, lipomas, myxoid liposarcomas, enchondromas, or hemangiopericytomas. Therefore, this breakpoint region seems to be one of the most frequent chromosomal abnormality associated with the initiation of human mesenchymal neoplasms. To narrow down the breakpoint region on a molecular level in cells of three pulmonary chondroid hamartomas with 12q14-15 aberrations, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis with different cosmid clones originating from a YAC and cosmid contig overspanning parts of the region 12q14-15. We were able to narrow down the breakpoint to a region of 175 kb belonging to an area designated multiple aberration region because it also includes the breakpoints of leiomyomas, lipomas, and pleomorphic adenomas with 12q14-15 abnormalities. Our molecular and cytogenetic data suggest that hamartomas of the lung molecularly belong to the benign group of mesenchymal tumors showing multiple aberration region involvement.
Distributed diagnosis for wafer scale systems (2002)

The increasing demand for high performance systems has led to the design of systems comprised of a large number of processing elements on a single wafer. This paper presents a distributed diagnosis algorithm for wafer scale systems. Unlike other approaches, the algorithm does not assume diagnostic circuits are fault-free. The algorithm is simple enough to be realized with small circuit overhead. Computer simulation has shown that even for low unit yields, extremely high performance (fault coverage) can be achieved by properly tuning the algorithm parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
NB2001, a Novel Antibacterial Agent with Broad-Spectrum Activity and Enhanced Potency against β-Lactamase-Producing Strains (2002)

Enzyme-catalyzed therapeutic activation (ECTA) is a novel prodrug strategy to overcome drug resistance resulting from enzyme overexpression. beta-Lactamase overexpression is a common mechanism of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. We present here the results for one of the beta-lactamase ECTA compounds, NB2001, which consists of the antibacterial agent triclosan in a prodrug form with a cephalosporin scaffold. Unlike conventional beta-lactam antibiotics, where hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring inactivates the antibiotic, hydrolysis of NB2001 by beta-lactamase releases triclosan. Evidence supporting the proposed mechanism is as follows. (i) NB2001 is a substrate for TEM-1 beta-lactamase, forming triclosan with a second-order rate constant (k(cat)/K(m)) of greater than 77,000 M-1 s-1. (ii) Triclosan is detected in NB2001-treated, beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli but not in E. coli that does not express beta-lactamase. (iii) NB2001 activity against beta-lactamase-producing E. coli is decreased in the presence of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid. NB2001 was similar to or more potent than reference antibiotics against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis, Moraxella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae. NB2001 is also active against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Enterobacter cloacae. The results indicate that NB2001 is a potent, broad-spectrum antibacterial agent and demonstrate the potential of ECTA in overcoming beta-lactamase-mediated resistance.
A Comparison of Mass Rate and Steam Quality Reductions to Optimize Steamflood Performance (1999)

Many operators of steamdrive projects will reduce the heat injection rate as the project matures. The major benefit of this practice is to reduce the fuel costs and thus extend the economic life of the project. However, there is little industry consensus on whether the heat cuts should take the form of: (1) mass rate reductions while maintaining the same high steam quality, or (2) steam quality decreases while keeping the same mass rate. Through the use of a commercial three-phase, three-dimensional simulator, the oil recovery schedules obtained when reducing the injected steam mass rate or quality with time were compared under a variety of reservoir and operating conditions. The simulator input was validated for Kern River Field conditions by using the guidelines developed by Johnson, et at. (1989) for four steamflood projects in Kern River. The results indicate that for equivalent heat injection rates, decreasing the steam injection mass rate at a constant high quality will yield more economic oil than reducing the steam quality at a constant mass rate. This conclusion is confirmed by a sensitivity analysis which demonstrates the importance of the gravity drainage/steam zone expansion mechanism in a low-pressure, heavy oil steamflood with gravity segregation. Furthermore, the impact of discontinuous silts and nonuniform initial temperatures within the steamflood zone was studied, indicating again that a decreasing mass rate injection strategy is a superior operating practice.
A Review of Chemical Warfare Agent Simulants for the Study of Environmental Behavior (2008)

There is renewed interest in the environmental fate of chemical warfare agents attributable to the intensified threat of chemical weapons use in a terrorist attack. Knowledge of processes that influence the fate of agents such as distilled mustard, lewisite, tabun, sarin, soman, and VX in the environment is important for development of disposal strategies and for risk and exposure assessments. However, it is often necessary to conduct studies examining chemical agent behavior using simulants due to the toxicity of the agents and usage restrictions. The objective of this study was to review the physical–chemical properties and mammalian toxicity of compounds that can be used to simulate chemical agents and to identify the most appropriate compounds to simulate specific environmental fate processes, including hydrolysis, sorption, bioavailability, and volatilization.
Photolytic destruction of oxalate in aqueous mixed waste (1995)

In aqueous plutonium processing, residual oxalic acid can be destroyed (oxalate kill) by UV light with hydrogen peroxide (H{sub 2}O{sub 2}) in 1 M HCl solutions. By controlling the amount of H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, the oxalate kill process will not affect the chloride concentration. In nitric acid solutions, UV light alone can destroy the oxalic acid. However, with H{sub 2}O{sub 2}, the rate of destruction is faster. After the destruction of oxalic acid, the acidic solutions may be reusable without further purification process.
Stem cells in bone tissue engineering (2010)

Bone tissue engineering has been one of the most promising areas of research, providing a potential clinical application to cure bone defects. Recently, various stem cells including embryonic stem cells (ESCs), bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs), umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs), adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs), muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have received extensive attention in the field of bone tissue engineering due to their distinct biological capability to differentiate into osteogenic lineages. The application of these stem cells to bone tissue engineering requires inducing in vitro differentiation of these cells into bone forming cells, osteoblasts. For this purpose, efficient in vitro differentiation towards osteogenic lineage requires the development of well-defined and proficient protocols. This would reduce the likelihood of spontaneous differentiation into divergent lineages and increase the available cell source for application to bone tissue engineering therapies. This review provides a critical examination of the various experimental strategies that could be used to direct the differentiation of ESC, BM-MSC, UCB-MSC, ADSC, MDSC and DPSC towards osteogenic lineages and their potential applications in tissue engineering, particularly in the regeneration of bone.
An Ultra Low Power CMOS Photonics Technology Platform for H/S Optoelectronic Transceivers at less than $1 per Gbps (2010)

We have demonstrated a CMOS Optoelectronic technology platform, using a 650mW 4×10-Gb/s 0.13 µm silicon-on-insulator integrated transceiver chip, co-packaged with an externally modulated laser, to enable high density data interconnects at <$1 per Gbps.
Molecular dynamics simulations of organically modified layered silicates (1998)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are used to study the static and dynamic properties of 2:1 layered silicates ion exchanged with alkyl-ammonium surfactants. These systems are in the form of oligomeric alkanes grafted by cationic groups on atomically smooth crystalline layers 10 Å thick and several microns wide. The organically modified layers self-assemble parallel to each other to form alternating, well-ordered organic/inorganic multilayers. By studying the systems at the experimentally measured layer separations, computer modeling directly provides the structure and dynamics of the intercalated surfactant molecules. The grafted-chain conformations are also expressed through the trans-gauche conformer ratios and transition frequencies which compare well with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) experiments.
Partitioning of even networks for improved diagnosability (multiprocessor systems) (1990)

A partitioning property of even interconnection networks is presented. This property is based on the Hadamard matrix combinatorial structure which is used to partition the network into identical spheres. A semidistributed diagnosis algorithm helps to identify faulty components (nodes/links) in each sphere. Using the diagnosis result of each sphere on a global level, the overall diagnosability or even networks is improved drastically over previous results. This partitioning and diagnosis scheme can be used for almost any network that has some group-theoretic representation, including the binary hypercube.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibrating predictive model estimates to support personalized medicine (2011)

ACP can generate estimates that may be more suitable for individualized predictions than estimates that are calibrated using existing methods. Further studies are necessary to explore the limitations of ACP.
Role of Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase in Alpha/Beta and Gamma Interferon-Mediated Antiviral Effects against Herpes Simplex Virus Infections (2004)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-mediated indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in human astrocytoma cells and in native astrocytes was found to be responsible for the inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication. The effect is abolished in the presence of excess amounts of L-tryptophan. Both IFN-alpha and IFN-beta restricted herpes simplex virus replication in both cell types, but (in contrast to the results seen with IFN-gamma) the addition of an excess amount of L-tryptophan did not inhibit the induced antiviral effect.
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges (2012)

Wu, Nan; Liu, Xi; Chen, Shao Jun; Sarraf, DavidEditor(s): McDonald, H. Richard Author Information
EPTI: efficient defence against meltdown attack for unpatched VMs (2018)

The Meltdown vulnerability, which exploits the inherent out-of-order execution in common processors like x86, ARM and PowerPC, has shown to break the fundamental isolation boundary between user and kernel space. This has stimulated a non-trivial patch to modern OS to separate page tables for user space and kernel space, namely, KPTI (kernel page table isolation). While this patch stops kernel memory leakages from rouge user processes, it mandates users to patch their kernels (usually requiring a reboot), and is currently only available on the latest versions of OS kernels. Further, it also introduces non-trivial performance overhead due to page table switching during user/kernel crossings.

In this paper, we present EPTI, an alternative approach to defending against the Meltdown attack for unpatched VMs (virtual machines) in cloud, yet with better performance than KPTI. Specifically, instead of using two guest page tables, we use two EPTs (extended page tables) to isolate user space and kernel space, and unmap all the kernel space in user's EPT to achieve the same effort of KPTI. The switching of EPTs is done through a hardware-support feature called EPT switching within guest VMs without hypervisor involvement. Meanwhile, EPT switching does not flush TLB since each EPT has its own TLB, which further reduces the overhead. We have implemented our design and evaluated it on Intel Kaby Lake CPU with different versions of Linux kernel. The results show that EPTI only introduces up to 13% overhead, which is around 45% less than KPTI.
A Prosthesis for the Deaf Based on Cortical Stimulation (1973)

The feasibility of developing a functional auditory prosthesis, or “artificial ear” to restore hearing to the totally deaf is discussed. The approach taken involves connecting electrodes to the auditory cortex of the brain. Previous work by other groups has concentrated on stimulation of the cochlea or auditory nerve. However, stimulation of auditory cortex bypasses the entire peripheral auditory system and this approach may thus be applicable to a wider group of people, including those with hearing loss caused by lesions of the auditory nerve, or even central pathways. Establishment of the feasibility of any such sensory prosthesis requires demonstration of meaningful information transfer in human subjects, demonstration that chronic implantation and stimulation can be achieved without damaging the brain, and the demonstration of engineering feasibility at reasonable cost. Each of these areas is discussed separately. Although progress to date gives reason for optimism, it must be stressed that large amounts of work remain to be done and the successful development of such a system may take many years. One principal limitation is the small number of patients suitable for experimentation. Other investigators are accordingly encouraged to take advantage of the rare clinical opportunities which permit progress in such areas.
Spatial and temporal up-conversion technique for depth video (2009)

This paper proposes a novel framework for up-conversion of depth video resolution both in spatial and in time domain. Time-of-flight (TOF) sensors are widely used in computer vision fields. Although TOF sensors provide depth video in real time, there are some problems in a sense that it provides a low resolution and a low frame-rate depth video. We propose a cheaper solution that enhances depth video obtained by TOF sensor by combining it with CCD camera. The proposed method provides high quality video as a cheaper solution for low resolution, and low frame-rate depth video. It is useful when depth video is used in various applications such as 3DTV, free-view TV, teleconference system. High-quality depth video can be obtained by motion compensated frame interpolation (MCFI) and extended joint bilateral upsampling (JBU). Experimental results show that depth video obtained by the proposed method has satisfactory quality.
What can be expected from high-Z semiconductor detectors. [Assessment of promising semiconductor materials; 25 references] (1976)

It has been hoped that high-Z semiconductors would offer efficient ..gamma..-ray detection at or near ambient temperatures with energy resolution significantly better than NaI (Tl) scintillators. For use at X-ray energies, this goal has been achieved with both HgI/sub 2/, CdTe, and GaAs detectors. However, at higher energies (approximately 660 keV) all current detectors have one or more significant deficiencies in terms of attainable volume, charge collection efficiency, and polarization effects. Starting with first principles, all potential compounds which can be formed by the binary combination of elements from the periodic chart were considered as possible detector materials. A rank-ordered listing of the most promising materials for further development is given as well as an assessment of the prospects for future success. 25 references.
An efficient group key agreement protocol for ad-hoc networks (2008)

Ad-hoc networks offer communication over a shared wireless channel without any pre-existing infrastructure. Forming security association among a group of nodes in ad-hoc networks is more challenging than in conventional networks due to the lack of central authority. With that view in mind, group key management plays an important building block of any secure group communication. The main contribution of this paper is a low complexity key agreement scheme that is suitable for fully self-organized ad-hoc networks. The protocol is also password authenticated, making it resilient against active attacks. Unlike other existing key agreement protocols, ours make no assumption about the structure of the underlying wireless network, making it suitable for ldquotruly ad-hocrdquo networks. Finally, we will analyze our protocol to show the computation and communication burden on individual nodes for key establishment.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleosides and Nucleotides. Part 163. Synthesis of 3′‐β‐Branched Uridine Derivatives via Intramolecular Reformatsky‐Type Reaction Promoted by Samarium Diiodide. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Integrating Logical and Physical Analysis Capabilities for Diagnostics (2004)

Abstract This paper describes and shows some anticipated application examples for an integrated logical/physical analysis environment that utilizes the public-domain OpenAccess database as a key infrastructure element. Using an electronic design automation (EDA) database makes it possible to enrich the failure analysis and debug environment with useful EDA-type utilities and applications. The article introduces the industry-standard OpenAccess data base and illustrates how this database can be used for better integration of a more comprehensive postsilicon debug, diagnostics, and characterization environment. It provides a summary of OpenAccess and highlights the possible role for OpenAccess/Unified Data Model as a complementary technology that captures the more static information about a product's design, design analysis, and design intent information. An initial integrated logical/physical analysis environment for logic diagnostics has been established for prototyping purposes. The article also presents examples of logical/physical analysis: signal interaction analysis and probing and circuit edit.
Crease detection method using fingerprint image decomposition and composition (2007)

For a highly reliable fingerprint recognition system, the precise and accurate feature extraction is indispensable. In this paper, We propose a highly efficient crease extraction method, which can improve the accuracy of feature extraction within the fingerprint image. The proposed method applies the 1-dimensional directional slit for each pixel in fingerprint image. And then it calculates the average grey level and variance to determine whether the current pixel composes the crease, and estimates the direction of crease. Once the direction of every pixel in crease candidate area is estimated, it is decomposed into 8 different images depending on their direction. From the 8 directional images, the crease clusters are estimated by utilizing the property of crease area. The proposed method finally extracts the crease from the crease clusters estimated from directional images. In conclusion, the proposed method highly improved the accuracy of overall feature extraction by accurate and precise extraction of the crease from fingerprint image.
Organische Chemie 1999 (2000)

Abstract Stereoselektive Dominoprozesse, rationales Liganden‐und Katalysatordesign für Metathesen und Kreuzkupplungen, Supermoleküle, die immer mehr ihren natürlichen Vorbildern ähneln, polymergestützte kombinatorische Synthesen in Lösung, neuronale Netzwerke zur Drug‐Erkennung ‐ dies sind nur einige der Stichworte, die die aktuelle Organische Chemie prägen.
<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> DNA Methylation Mutants (1993)

Three DNA hypomethylation mutants of the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana were isolated by screening mutagenized populations for plants containing centromeric repetitive DNA arrays susceptible to digestion by a restriction endonuclease that was sensitive to methylated cytosines. The mutations are recessive, and at least two are alleles of a single locus, designated DDM1 (for decrease in DNA methylation). Amounts of 5-methylcytosine were reduced over 70 percent in ddm1 mutants. Despite this reduction in DNA methylation levels, ddm1 mutants developed normally and exhibited no striking morphological phenotypes. However, the ddm1 mutations are associated with a segregation distortion phenotype. The ddm1 mutations were used to demonstrate that de novo DNA methylation in vivo is slow.
Automatic generation of a parameter-domain-based functional input coverage model (2010)

IP cores, which are usually described in the RT level, must be thoroughly verified so as not to allow design bugs to inadvertently propagate throughout the system. As the mainstream technique, simulation-based functional verification avoids the state-space explosion issues commonly present in formal verification methodologies. However, since RTL cycle-accurate simulation is relatively slow, the amount of random testing must be limited by completion and sufficiency metrics, identified as the coverage model. The coverage model may be developed after the constrained random stimuli set has been defined, as in a traditional verification flow, or developed before, as in coverage-driven verification. Both approaches make it clear that functional coverage is not a well defined object, whose construction lacks formalism. In the present paper, we propose a strategy to design functional input coverage models on the basis of the PD formalism, by which non-valid input stimuli become evident. Results show that, in contrast to uniform coverage models, PD-coherent coverage models reduce significantly the amount of stimuli wasted on coverage events that, although fulfilled, keep receiving item hits disregarding other less-favored events. Shorter simulation times are achieved for equivalent designs, testbenches, and parameter domains. Also, it can be demonstrated that, as data collected during simulation fits strongly with stimuli generation and functional coverage, it provides information that is easier to interpret, and allows analyzing the DUV's behavior with a relatively higher consistency level.