gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why Use a Size Marker and Allelic Ladders in STR Analysis (1997)

GenePrintTM 1997 The advantages of including generic size markers in DNA typing have been recognized from the very beginning of VNTR analyses (1,2). Fragment lengths generated from DNA samples are calculated by direct comparison of their electrophoretic migration to that of a constant set of fragments of known size. However, size markers offer two additional benefits. Because the same markers are included in each gel in the same amounts, the reproducibility of the detection method is confirmed by observing the intensity of the marker fragments. In addition, the presence of the same multiple bands in several lanes in different regions of the gel provides information regarding possible lane-to-lane variation in the electrophoretic migration of sample material.
Performance‐improving techniques in web‐based GIS (2005)

WebGIS (also known as web‐based GIS and Internet GIS) denotes a type of Geographic Information System (GIS), whose client is implemented in a Web browser. WebGISs have been developed and used extensively in real‐world applications. However, when such a complex web‐based system involves the dissemination of large volumes of data and/or massive user interactions, its performance can become an issue. In this paper, we first identify several major potential performance problems with WebGIS. Then, we discuss several possible techniques to improve the performance. These techniques include the use of pyramids and hash indices on the server side to handle large images. To resolve server‐side conflicts originating from concurrent massive access and user interactions, we suggest clustering and multithreading techniques. Multithreading is also used to break down the long sequential, layer‐based data access to concurrent data access on the client side. Caching is suggested as a means to enhance concurrent data access for the same datasets on both the server and the client sides. The technique of client‐side dynamic data requests is used to improve data transmission. Compressed binary representation is implemented on both sides to reduce transmission volume. We also compare the performance of a prototype WebGIS with and without these techniques.
Self-Assembling Photosynthetic Reaction Centers on Electrodes for Current Generation (2000)

Photosynthetic reaction centers (RCs) made from photosynthetic organisms can be used in solar batteries because their molecules cause light-induced charge separation. We present a simple immobilization system of the intact RCs from Rhodobacter sphaeroides on an electrode that uses nickel ligand binding by the hexameric histidine tag on H subunit (HHisRC). The binding constant of HHisRC to the nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) chip measured with a surface plasmon resonance instrument was 1.6 x 10(8) M-1. HHisRCs were immobilized on an indium tin oxide electrode overlaid with an Ni-NTA gold substrate. The photoinduced displacement current of this electrode was measured to estimate the orientation of HHisRC on the electrode, and the detachability of HHisRC from the electrode was determined by using an imidazole solution wash. The direction of the flash-light-induced displacement current suggested that the H subunit side of the immobilized HHisRC faced the surface of the electrode. The photoinduced current disappeared after the electrode was washed in the imidazole solution. This simple immobilization and detachment of HHisRC to the electrode might be useful for making a reproducible photocurrent device.
Application of near Infrared Spectroscopy for the Quantification of Quality Parameters in Selected Vegetables and Essential Oil Plants (1998)

The use of near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy for the prediction of the essential oil content and composition in various umbelliferae genotypes was investigated. Furthermore an NIR method was developed for the quantification of total carotenoids and sugars present in different carrot varieties. Applying partial least square algorithm very good calibration statistics ( SECV, R 2 ) were obtained for the prediction of the essential oil content in fennel (0.47, 0.83), caraway (0.29, 0.93), dill (0.30, 0.96) and coriander (0.29, 0.93). Satisfactory calibration results were received for the NIR determination of total carotenoids (1.54, 0.80) and of saccharose(0.74, 0.76) in carrots. The performed study demonstrates that NIR can be used to rapidly and accurately predict secondary metabolites such as carotenoids, anethole, fenchone, estragole, limonene and carvone occurring in vegetables and in fruits of various essential oil plants.
Protein Phosphatase 2A Methyltransferase Links Homocysteine Metabolism with Tau and Amyloid Precursor Protein Regulation (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathology is characterized by the accumulation of phosphorylated tau and amyloid-beta peptides derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Elevated blood levels of homocysteine are a significant risk factor for many age-related diseases, including AD. Impaired homocysteine metabolism favors the formation of S-adenosylhomocysteine, leading to inhibition of methyltransferase-dependent reactions. Here, we show that incubation of neuroblastoma cells with S-adenosylhomocysteine results in reduced methylation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), a major brain Ser/Thr phosphatase, most likely by inhibiting PP2A methyltransferase (PPMT). PP2A methylation levels are also decreased after ectopic expression of PP2A methylesterase in Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. Reduced PP2A methylation promotes the downregulation of B alpha-containing holoenzymes, thereby affecting PP2A substrate specificity. It is associated with the accumulation of both phosphorylated tau and APP isoforms and increased secretion of beta-secretase-cleaved APP fragments and amyloid-beta peptides. Conversely, incubation of N2a cells with S-adenosylmethionine and expression of PPMT enhance PP2A methylation. This leads to the accumulation of dephosphorylated tau and APP species and increased secretion of neuroprotective alpha-secretase-cleaved APP fragments. Remarkably, hyperhomocysteinemia induced in wild-type and cystathionine-beta-synthase +/- mice by feeding a high-methionine, low-folate diet is associated with increased brain S-adenosylhomocysteine levels, PPMT downregulation, reduced PP2A methylation levels, and tau and APP phosphorylation. We reported previously that downregulation of neuronal PPMT and PP2A methylation occur in affected brain regions from AD patients. The link between homocysteine, PPMT, PP2A methylation, and key CNS proteins involved in AD pathogenesis provides new mechanistic insights into this disorder.
Regulatory Polymorphisms in the Cyclophilin A Gene, PPIA, Accelerate Progression to AIDS (2007)

Human cyclophilin A, or CypA, encoded by the gene peptidyl prolyl isomerase A (PPIA), is incorporated into the HIV type 1 (HIV-1) virion and promotes HIV-1 infectivity by facilitating virus uncoating. We examined the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and haplotypes within the PPIA gene on HIV-1 infection and disease progression in five HIV-1 longitudinal history cohorts. Kaplan-Meier survival statistics and Cox proportional hazards model were used to assess time to AIDS outcomes. Among eight SNPs tested, two promoter SNPs (SNP3 and SNP4) in perfect linkage disequilibrium were associated with more rapid CD4(+) T-cell loss (relative hazard = 3.7, p = 0.003) in African Americans. Among European Americans, these alleles were also associated with a significant trend to more rapid progression to AIDS in a multi-point categorical analysis (p = 0.005). Both SNPs showed differential nuclear protein-binding efficiencies in a gel shift assay. In addition, one SNP (SNP5) located in the 5' UTR previously shown to be associated with higher ex vivo HIV-1 replication was found to be more frequent in HIV-1-positive individuals than in those highly exposed uninfected individuals. These results implicate regulatory PPIA polymorphisms as a component of genetic susceptibility to HIV-1 infection or disease progression, affirming the important role of PPIA in HIV-1 pathogenesis.
Preparation and characterization of ?-amylase-immobilized thermal-responsive composite hydrogel membranes (1999)

Composite hydrogel membranes of crosslinked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-N-acryloxysuccinimide-co-2-hydroxyet hyl methacrylate) [P(NIPAAm-NAS-HEMA)] with starch, as a macropore forming agent, on nonwoven polyester was prepared. The membranes could swell and de-swell around the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm). It was demonstrated that the presence of macropores in the membranes could improve the immobilization efficiency as well as lead to a short responding time upon temperature change across the LCST. Immobilized alpha-amylase could retain as high as 33% of the activity of the free enzyme with a loading level of 0.60-0.65 mg/cm2 when the membrane preparation and enzyme immobilization conditions were optimized. The half time (T0.5) for the swelling or de-swelling response of the gel phase within the membranes was less than 2 min, and the 90% time (T0.9) was less than 6 min. The permeability for maltose through the membranes could change as much as 4.9-fold when the temperature was raised above or reduced below the LCST.
A Case Report: Change in Fetal Heart Rate Pattern on Spontaneous Uterine Rupture at 35 Weeks Gestation after Laparoscopically Assisted Myomectomy (2004)

A 31-year-old nulligravid woman who underwent laparoscopically assisted myomectomy 5 months before becoming pregnant suffered uterine rupture at 35 weeks gestation. A 50 g intramuscular myomatous node had been removed laparoscopically. Early signs of rupture included sudden onset of severe abdominal tenderness and frequent uterine contractions despite reassuring FHR tracing. Variable deceleration was observed as late as 7.5 hours after onset. Emergency cesarean section was performed due to increasing severity of tenderness, revealing complete uterine rupture at the fundus site without extrusion of the fetus or placenta. A male neonate (2,860 g) was delivered without asphyxia and an Apgar score of 8. Total volume of hemorrhage was approximately 50 ml. The ruptured uterine wall was repaired by suturing in 2 layers. The present case indicates that sudden onset of abdominal tenderness in pregnant women with a history of laparoscopic myomectomy may suggest uterine rupture even in the presence of reassuring FHR. This is a rare case, as non-reassuring FHR patterns generally appear in the late stages of uterine rupture.
Microrobotic simulator for assisted biological cell injection (2011)

This paper presents a complete computer-based biological training system to simulate intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures in a virtual environment (VE). Using the proposed system, the technician can practice and improve his control by developing a gesture similar to that performed in reality. The human-machine user's interface also provides an efficient haptic-based guidance tool to minimize the risk of damaging membranes during the injection. The key challenge of deformable simulation is to satisfy the conflicting requirements of real-time interactivity and physical realism. The compromise between the realism of bio-mechanical models used, the accuracy and stability of computational algorithms for real-time haptic rendering are fullfilled with the use of a mechanical modeling based on a hyperelastic model (St-Venant-Kirchhoff) and the writing of a specific dynamic finite element code. Simulated responses are compared to experimental data to show the effectiveness of the proposed physically-based model.
PARTITIONING BEHAVIOR OF<sup>99</sup>Tc AND,<sup>129</sup>I FROM SIMULATED HANFORD TANK WASTES USING POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL BASED AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS (1995)

ABSTRACT Three simulated Hanford tank wastes, SY-101, NCAW, and SST, were prepared and contacted with aqueous solutions of 20-60% (w/w) polyethylene glycol (PEG)-2000. The combined salting out action of OH-, C03 2’, SO4 2rsquo;, PO4 3\ and possibly other minor constituents in the waste simulants, results in the formation of aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). Investigation of the partitioning behavior of 99Tc (as 99Tc04) and 129I (as 99T) from the waste simulant phase to the upper PEG-rich phase at 25 and 50°C revealed distribution ratios as high as 190 for 99Tc04 and 7.5 for 129I. The partitioning of several of the other major species in these solutions (Na+, P04 3, C03 2’, S04 2\ PEG), as well as the general physical characteristics of the ABS were also investigated. In general, the observed distribution ratios are affected (increased if they prefer the PEG-rich phase, decreased if they prefer the salt-rich phase) by increasing the concentration of PEG-2000 used to form the ABS which increases the difference in actual PEG concentration in each phase. Stripping of the 99Tc04 from the loaded PEG-rich phase has been accomplished by reduction of pertechnetate and contact with a fresh salt ((NH4)3 (citrate)) solution. Other possible stripping or disposal options are also discussed.
Analysis of Optical Collecting System for MEMS-based Grating Moving Light Modulator (2006)

Grating moving light modulator, a MEMS-based movable diffraction grating with electrostatic actuation, can be used for projection displays and relevant applications, its dominant power exchange is between the 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> and plusmn1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> order by modulating phase of incident light, two optical collecting systems based on 0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> , plusmn1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> order operation are designed and analyzed with Fraunhofer diffraction theory and Fourier transforms optics, the latter is more available with theoretical performance of imaging system: optical efficiency eta=30.6%, contrast V=1225, comparing with the simulation results by Coventorware: eta=29.5%, V=740, the decrease results from the warp of the device when pulled down by electrostatic force
The Automatic Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: Efficacy, Complications, and Device Failures (1986)

Twenty-six patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias received the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. A patch lead only was placed during arrhythmia surgery in 7 other patients. During 13 +/- 6 (SD) months, the device discharged in 10 patients because of a sustained ventricular arrhythmia. No sudden deaths occurred. There were 31 complications in 17 patients, including postoperative refractory heart failure, coronary artery erosion, subclavian vein thrombosis, postoperative stroke after conversion of atrial fibrillation, atelectasis with pneumonia, symptomatic pleural effusions, and infection at the generator site. The cardioverter-defibrillator discharged in 9 asymptomatic patients, failed to terminate ventricular fibrillation during postoperative testing in 3 patients, and had premature battery failure in 4 patients. Tachycardia slowing during chronic amiodarone therapy and unipolar ventricular pacing during ventricular fibrillation precluded or delayed arrhythmia sensing. Thus, the cardioverter-defibrillator can be life saving, but its potential complications and interactions with antiarrhythmic drugs and pacemakers must be considered at patient selection.
Production d'isobutène de haute pureté par décomposition du MTBE (1991)

La décomposition du MTBE en isobutène et méthanol s'accompagne de réactions secondaires (oligomérisation de l'isobutène, hydratation de l'isobutène, déshydratation du méthanol). Les différents types de catalyseurs utilisés, les mécanismes et les cinétiques suggérés, ainsi que les sites actifs et les espèces adsorbées proposés dans la littérature sont examinés dans le cas de la réaction principale, et des réactions secondaires. La formulation du catalyseur et la nature des sites actifs (Brönsted, Lewis) ont une incidence particulière sur la réaction. Les données de la littérature portent essentiellement sur des catalyseurs de type résines présentant une acidité de Brönsted. Sur catalyseurs de type oxydes il apparaît que les sites acides de Lewis, catalysent la réaction principale, tandis que les réactions secondaires sont essentiellement dues à la présence d'acidité de Brönsted. Un contrôle de l'acidité des formulations catalytiques est nécessaire afin de minimiser les réactions secondaires, et de produire de l'isobutène très pur.
A Comparative study of Cu2S-ZnxCd1-xS and Cu2S-CdS thin film solar Cells, prepared by solid state reaction (1979)

We report here all polycrystalline thin film solar cells of Cu2S–ZnxCd1-xS and Cu2S–CdS prepared by solid state reaction. The efficiencies in the range of 4 to 5% have been obtained without antireflection coating. The improvement in open circuit voltage is observed in Cu2S–ZnxCd1-xS cell with little sacrifice in short circuit current. A comparison is also made with the solar cell ZnxCd1-xS–Cu2S prepared by spray pyrolysis and the electrical conversion efficiency about 1.0% is obtained.
THE RUNTS OF THE LITTER: WHY PLANETS FORMED THROUGH GRAVITATIONAL INSTABILITY CAN ONLY BE FAILED BINARY STARS (2010)

Recent direct imaging discoveries suggest a new class of massive, distant planets around A stars. These widely separated giants have been interpreted as signs of planet formation driven by gravitational instability, but the viability of this mechanism is not clear cut. In this paper, we first discuss the local requirements for fragmentation and the initial fragment mass scales. We then consider whether the fragment's subsequent growth can be terminated within the planetary mass regime. Finally, we place disks in the larger context of star formation and disk evolution models. We find that in order for gravitational instability to produce planets, disks must be atypically cold in order to reduce the initial fragment mass. In addition, fragmentation must occur during a narrow window of disk evolution, after infall has mostly ceased, but while the disk is still sufficiently massive to undergo gravitational instability. Under more typical conditions, disk-born objects will likely grow well above the deuterium burning planetary mass limit. We conclude that if planets are formed by gravitational instability, they must be the low mass tail of the distribution of disk-born companions. To validate this theory, on-going direct imaging surveys must find a greater abundance of brown dwarf and M-star companions to A-stars. Their absence would suggest planet formation by a different mechanism such as core accretion, which is consistent with the debris disks detected in these systems.
The Theoretical and Practical Sensitivity of the Pneumatic Infra-Red Detector (1949)

Following an introductory sketch of the application of the pneumatic infra-red detector to spectrometry, the absolute sensitivity of a pneumatic detector is calculated for the case of an infinitely extended flat heat cell. The calculated r.m.s.e.n.i. is seen to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
An Autonomous Locomotion Control of a Multi-Joint Snake-Like Robot with Consideration of the Dynamic Manipulability. (2000)

In this paper, we discuss an autonomous locomotion control of a snake-like robot which is modeled by some links with passive wheels. When the robot locomotes windingly, it should always keep the high locomotable shape, because its locomotability depends on its own shape. Then, we utilized a notion of manipulability to evaluate the locomotability, and proposed a controller to make it autonomously locomote in a desired direction without decreasing the manipulability. In this method, the robot spontaneously generates its gait, so we don't need to design any gaits. Moreover, by some simulations, it was proved that the method realizes the autonomous locomotion without taking singular postures.
Ultra-low-latency lightweight DMA for tightly coupled multi-core clusters (2014)

The evolution of multi- and many-core platforms is rapidly increasing the available on-chip computational capabilities of embedded computing devices, while memory access is dominated by on-chip and off-chip interconnect delays which do not scale well. For this reason, the bottleneck of many applications is rapidly moving from computation to communication. More precisely, performance is often bound by the huge latency of direct memory accesses. In this scenario the challenge is to provide embedded multi and many-core systems with a powerful, low-latency, energy efficient and flexible way to move data through the memory hierarchy level. In this paper, a DMA engine optimized for clustered tightly coupled many-core systems is presented. The IP features a simple micro-coded programming interface and lock-free per-core command queues to improve flexibility while reducing the programming latency. Moreover it dramatically reduces the area and improves the energy efficiency with respect to conventional DMAs exploiting the cluster shared memory as local repository for data buffers. The proposed DMA engine improves the access and programming latency by one order of magnitude, it reduces IP area by 4x and power by 5x, with respect to a conventional DMA, while providing full bandwidth to 16 independent logical channels.
Cyclobutenedione-Based Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 2-Pyridinones and Dihydro-2-pyridinones (1999)

1,2-Addition of N-Boc-protected α-amino carbanions to cyclobutenediones followed by methylation of the resulting alkoxides generated 4-(1-N-Boc-aminoalkyl)-4-methoxy-3-cyclobutenones. Removal of the Boc protecting group and thermal ring expansion gave dihydro-2-pyridinones in good yields. Treatment of the dihydro-2-pyridinones with NBS/pyridine led to the formation of the corresponding 2-pyridinones. This methodology proved general with regard to both the cyclobutenediones and α-amino carbanions.
Low-threshold conical microcavity dye lasers (2010)

We report on lasing in rhodamine 6G-doped, conical polymeric microcavities with high quality factors fabricated on a silicon substrate. Threshold pump energies as low as 3 nJ are achieved by free-space excitation in the quasistationary pumping regime with lasing wavelengths around 600 nm. Finite element simulations confirm that lasing occurs in whispering gallery modes which corresponds well to the measured multimode laser-emission. The effect of dye concentration on lasing threshold and lasing wavelength is investigated and can be explained using a standard dye laser model.
Mechanical Properties of Porous Stainless Steel Metal Fibre Media (2009)

Porous metal fiber media have traits of metal materials and functional materials. Porous metal fiber media are gaining popularity in engineering applications due to their special properties, such as lower density, larger specific surface area, higher mechanical strength and excellent permeability. In this paper, the recent development of fabrication methods and the various properties of porous metal fiber media were reviewed. Porous metal fiber media are divided into structural and functional applications. The mechanical and physical properties of porous metal fiber media, including tensile property and compressive property were analyzed. Porosity and the sintering process play an important role in the mechanical properties of porous metal fiber media.
Detection of Large‐Ring Sulfur Molecules in Liquid Sulfur: Simple Preparation of S<sub>12</sub>, α‐S<sub>18</sub>, and S<sub>20</sub> from S<sub>8</sub> (1979)

The molecular composition of liquid sulfur has been a topic of discussion for generations. It was known to contain the homocyclic species S 6 and S 7 , as well as S 8 . The isolation of S 12 , α‐S 18 , and S 20 , and the detection of S x with x = 23—34 are new accomplishments.