gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoacoustic effects in a resonance tube (1975)

New experiments with a gas-filled resonance tube have shown that not only heating, but also cooling of the tube wall is possible and that these phenomena are not restricted to oscillation amplitudes that generate shocks. The present paper concentrates on amplitudes outside the shock region. For this case, an extended acoustic theory is worked out. The results show cooling in the section of the tube with maximum velocity amplitude (and thus dissipation) and marked heating in the region of the velocity nodes. A strong dependence of these effects on the Prandtl number is noted. The results are in good agreement with experiments. Although the theory is not valid for proper resonance conditions, it nevertheless sheds some light on what happens when nonlinear effects dominate. Closely related to the limit of validity of the thermoacoustic theory is the question of transition from laminar to turbulent flow in the viscous boundary layer (Stokes layer). This problem has also been investigated; the results are given in a separate paper (Merkli & Thomann 1975). In the present article laminar flow is assumed.
Luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone antagonist Cetrorelix (SB‐75) and bombesin antagonist RC‐3940‐II inhibit the growth of androgen‐independent PC‐3 prostate cancer in nude mice (1997)

BACKGROUND Hormones like bombesin (BN)/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) might be involved in the relapse of prostate cancer under androgen ablation therapy. Interference with receptors for BN/GRP, LH-RH, or EGF might provide a therapeutic approach to inhibit tumor growth of androgen-independent prostate cancer. METHODS LH-RH antagonist Cetrorelix (SB-75) and the BN/GRP antagonist RC-3940-II were tested for their effects on the growth of the androgen-independent PC-3 human prostate cancer cell line xenografted into nude mice. Tumor growth, serum hormone levels, and receptor concentrations for BN/GRP and EGF were measured. RESULTS When the treatment was started, tumor volume in all groups was 70–80 mm3. After 4 weeks, tumor volume in the control animals injected with saline was 871 ± 233 mm3 and that of animals treated with Cetrorelix only 197 ± 61 mm3. The BN/GRP antagonist RC-3940-II also significantly reduced PC-3 tumor volume in nude mice to 122 ± 20 mm3. The combination of Cetrorelix and RC-3940-II produced no additional inhibition. High-affinity receptors for EGF were detected in the tumor membranes and their number was significantly decreased after administration of Cetrorelix or RC-3940-II. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that LH-RH antagonists and BN/GRP antagonists inhibit the growth of the androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line PC-3 in vivo. Both analogs may exert a direct inhibitory effect on tumor growth through a down-regulation of EGF receptors. Prostate 32:164–172, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Unsupervised Learning on Resistive Memory Array Based Spiking Neural Networks (2019)

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer great potential to promote both the performance and efficiency of real-world computing systems, considering the biological plausibility of SNNs. The emerging analog Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) devices have drawn increasing interest as potential neuromorphic hardware for implementing practical SNNs. In this article, we propose a novel training approach (called greedy training) for SNNs by diluting spike events on the temporal dimension with necessary controls on input encoding phase switching, endowing SNNs with the ability to cooperate with the inevitable conductance variations of RRAM devices. The SNNs could utilize Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) as the unsupervised learning rule, and this plasticity has been observed on our one-transistor-one-resistor (1T1R) RRAM devices under voltage pulses with designed waveforms. We have also conducted handwritten digit recognition task simulations on MNIST dataset. The results show that the unsupervised SNNs trained by the proposed method could mitigate the requirement for the number of gradual levels of RRAM devices, and also have immunity to both cycle-to-cycle and device-to-device RRAM conductance variations. Unsupervised SNNs trained by the proposed methods could cooperate with real RRAM devices with non-ideal behaviors better, promising high feasibility of RRAM array based neuromorphic systems for online training.
Estimation of Non-Normalized Statistical Models by Score Matching (2005)

One often wants to estimate statistical models where the probability density function is known only up to a multiplicative normalization constant. Typically, one then has to resort to Markov Chain Monte Carlo methods, or approximations of the normalization constant. Here, we propose that such models can be estimated by minimizing the expected squared distance between the gradient of the log-density given by the model and the gradient of the log-density of the observed data. While the estimation of the gradient of log-density function is, in principle, a very difficult non-parametric problem, we prove a surprising result that gives a simple formula for this objective function. The density function of the observed data does not appear in this formula, which simplifies to a sample average of a sum of some derivatives of the log-density given by the model. The validity of the method is demonstrated on multivariate Gaussian and independent component analysis models, and by estimating an overcomplete filter set for natural image data.
Supramolecular Organometallic Polymer Chemistry: Self-Assembly of a Novel Poly(ferrocene)-b-polysiloxane-b-poly(ferrocene) Triblock Copolymer in Solution (1999)

Micelles with unprecedented flowerlike arrangements of the poly(ferrocene) cores (shown in the TEM image) are among the supramolecular architectures generated in the self-assembly of a novel organometallic triblock copolymer from silicon-bridged [1]ferrocenophane monomers and [Me2SiO]3 in hexane, a solvent selective for the central polysiloxane block.
Benzimidazole N-Oxides. I. The Structure of Benzimidazole N-Oxide and Synthesis of its Derivatives. (1963)

Previously unknown 1-substituted benzimidazole 3-oxides were synthesized by reductive ring-closure of N-acyl-N-substituted-o-nitroanilines. From the ultraviolet absorption spectra, it was shown that benzimidazole N-oxide exists as the N-oxide form in aqueous solution and as the N-hydroxyl form in ethanol solution.
Faster, Longer, and More-Reliable Bit Runs With New-Generation PDC Cutter (2006)

Abstract A new process for manufacture of Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters creates a wrapped thermostable region across the face and around the periphery of the diamond compact. This differs significantly from existing first-generation thermostable product as the treated region has complex geometry in three dimensions. This paper describes the new geometry of the cutters and shows how the thermostable region supports the cutter as it slowly wears. It also shows how the onset of wear into the tungsten carbide substrate behind the diamond layer is delayed significantly. Laboratory test results show a 270% improvement in abrasion resistance over premium PDC material and field case studies show how the new cutter type has saved money while drilling and allowed PDC bits to drill sections that previously required multiple bit runs. Case studies are presented from a variety of applications around the world including hard and interbedded formations and abrasive sands. They compare direct offset runs with existing, first-generation thermostable data. The new-generation thermostable cutter stays sharper, for longer, than either the first-generation thermostable cutter or previous non-thermostable PDC material. It will allow development of lighter set and more aggressive bit designs able to set new standards in speed, steerability and stability without having to sacrifice durability in the design. New cutting material developments are at the forefront of the ongoing improvement of PDC bits. This is a significant development that shows a step change in cutter and bit performance. It allows for the realization of a new generation, not just of cutters, but also of bit designs.
A Low Distortion Map Between Disk and Square (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a map between squares and disks that associates concentric squares with concentric circles. This map preserves adjacency and fractional area, and has proven useful in many sampling applications where correspondences must be maintained between the two shapes. The paper also provides code to compute the map that minimizes branching and is robust for all inputs. Finally, it extends the map to the hemisphere. Though this map has been used in publications before, details of its computation have never previously been published.
A high speed shuffle bus for VLSI arrays (1987)

Due to the concerns of two dimensional layout and structural modularity, interprocess or data transfers for VLSI arrays, such as systolic/wavefront processors, are normally achieved by way of neighborhood communication. Although interconnection networks are designed to enhance global communication for non-systolic types of processing, it is not feasible to incorporate the processors and global interconnections on the same chip to obtain cellular structures. In this paper we propose a high speed shuffle bus as a means to fulfill various kinds of communication schemes for a processor array. Because of the simple and modular nature of the shuffle bus, the processor array can be modularized and equipped with global and near-neighbor communication capability.
Synthesis of cyclic oligodeoxyribonucleotides via the ‘filtration’ approach (1989)

The synthesis of cyclic di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- and hexa-thymidylic acids (16; n = 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) and the cyclic hexadeoxyribonucleotide [d(CpCpTpApGpGp)], via the "filtration" approach, is reported. Some of the physical properties of the cyclic oligonucleotides are discussed, and their susceptibility to digestion in the presence of phosphorylytic enzymes has been studied.
Transport of volatile solutes through AQP1 (2002)

For almost a century it was generally assumed that the lipid phases of all biological membranes are freely permeable to gases. However, recent observations challenge this dogma. The apical membranes of epithelial cells exposed to hostile environments, such as gastric glands, have no demonstrable permeability to the gases CO2 and NH3. Additionally, the water channel protein aquaporin 1 (AQP1), expressed at high levels in erythrocytes, can increase membrane CO2 permeability when expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Similarly, nodulin-26, which is closely related to AQP1, can act as a conduit for NH3. A key question is whether aquaporins, which are abundant in virtually every tissue that transports O2 and CO2 at high levels, ever play a physiologically significant role in the transport of small volatile molecules. Preliminary data are consistent with the hypothesis that AQP1 enhances the reabsorption of HCO3- by the renal proximal tubule by increasing the CO2 permeability of the apical membrane. Other preliminary data on Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing the electrogenic Na+-HCO3- cotransporter (NBC), AQP1 and carbonic anhydrases are consistent with the hypothesis that the macroscopic cotransport of Na+ plus two HCO3- occurs as NBC transports Na+ plus CO3(2-) and AQP1 transports CO2 and H2O. Although data - obtained on AQP1 reconstituted into liposomes or on materials from AQP1 knockout mice - appear inconsistent with the model that AQP1 mediates substantial CO2 transport in certain preparations, the existence of unstirred layers or perfusion-limited conditions may have masked the contribution of AQP1 to CO2 permeability.
Energy harvesting and management of continuously powered WSNs (2017)

Numerous methods to harvest and store energy from e.g. vibration of technical systems that is otherwise wasted have been developed by countless engineers around the world. All of them have some benefits as well as drawbacks that need to be overcome or at least to be reduced to a minimum especially when it comes to efficiently power a wireless sensor network (WSN). In this paper, it is shown what those drawbacks are and some techniques to minimize them are proposed. Furthermore, a possible way to manage the harvested energy in case of the source is not available permanently while the WSN needs to be powered constantly is presented. The given results are based on simulation as well as hardware prototypes.
The Influence of Long-term Storage Conditions on the Stability of Cannabinoids derived from Cannabis Resin (2012)

IRENNE GABRIELA TROFIN1*, GABRIEL DABIJA1, DANUT–IONEL VAIREANU2, LAURENTIU FILIPESCU3 1General Inspectorate of Romanian Police, Central Laboratory for Drug Analysis and Profiling, Bucharest, Romania. 2University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department of Applied Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania. 3University Politehnica of Bucharest, Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, Department Technology of Inorganic Substances and Environmental Protection, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042, Bucharest, Romania
부모놀이치료가 ADHD 아동의 자아존중감, 형제관계 및 가족탄력성에 미치는 효과 (2016)

This study was conducted to verify whether there was an effect on the increase in self-esteem and sibling relationships of ADHD children and family resilience using a Filial Therapy program developed by Guerney (1964) and adapted by Mikyung Jang (1998) for Korean parents. Pre- and post-assessments were conducted for the experimental and control groups before and after the Filial Therapy program. The video for all sessions was shot with the consent of the participants. Also, the qualitative examination was carried out through the material that recorded the progress of the parents and their children in the program. The research results were as follows: For ADHD children with parents who have participated in Filial Therapy, their self-esteem increased and sibling relationships improved significantly, with a reduction in conflict and increased respect for each other`s relative status; while for parents of ADHD children in Filial Therapy, it was found that family resilience strengthened the belief system of the family, family organization, and family communication. It can be said from the research results that Filial Therapy for AHDH children which involves their parents and siblings is highly effective.
Redistribution layer (RDL) process development and improvement for 3D interposer (2011)

RDL process becomes more and more important with through Si interposer (TSI) application in 3D packaging. RDL line/space needs to be shrinking with the increasing of device density. We had been developed low temperature (LT) damascene process for the RDL formation in 3D interposer integration. The sample failed at thermal reliability test. High temperature (HT) RDL was developed and demonstrated after TSV annealing temperature optimization in this paper.
Oxidation of Electron-Deficient Anilines by HOF. A Route to Nitro-Containing Compounds for Molecular Electronic Devices (2000)

Nitroaromatic compounds for molecular electronic devices are prepared by the high-yielding oxidation of electron-deficient anilines using HOF generated in a fluorine-acetonitrile-water system.
Role of L-Arginine in Ibuprofen-induced Oxidative Stress and Neutrophil Infiltration in Gastric Mucosa (2004)

It has been proposed that neutrophil and oxygen dependent microvascular injuries may be important prime events in gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). L-arginine (L-ARG) is an essential amino acid which participates in many important biochemical reactions associated to the normal physiology of the organism. In these experimentations, we studied the role of L-ARG, aminoacid precursor of NO synthesis, on ibuprofen (IB) induced gastric lesions, and also on the inflammatory and oxidative mechanisms related to mucosal damage. Oral administration of IB (100 mg kg(-1)), produced severe damage on gastric mucosa, which was more important after 6 h test-period, and was accompanied by a significant increment in myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, as index of neutrophil activation, as well as lipid peroxidation (LP) levels and xanthine oxidase (XO) activity. However, no changes were observed in total mucosal glutathione (tGSH), nor glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Simultaneous treatment with equimolar doses of L-ARG (oral and i.p.), considerably reduced the number and intensity of lesions, and at the same time (6 h) the maximum protection was also observed. In addition, L-ARG inhibited the IB-induced LP and XO enhancement, but did not produce changes in leukocyte infiltration, tGSH, GSH-Px and SOD activity. These findings suggest that (1) L-ARG protective effect on gastric mucosa against IB-induced mucosal lesions could be explained by a local effect and also might be due to the systemic action of the aminoacid; (2) the active oxygen species, derived both from XO and activated neutrophils, could play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric injury induced by IB, (3) L-ARG exhibit a protective effect against IB-induced mucosal damage, probably through the inhibition of oxidative stress derived via xanthine-XO, but it does not block the oxygen free radical production through polymorphe nuclear leukocytes.
Cd2+ accommodation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1986)

The Cd2+ accommodation mechanism of S. cerevisiae has been examined. In a synthetic medium containing 1 microM CdSO4, cell proliferation was observed following a time lag period of approximately 18 h. During the time lag period, the cell number and viable cell count did not change and the cells did not excrete organic acid as a Cd-chelator, neither did they produce inorganic sulphide in the form of CdS. Whereas approximately 30% of Cd2+ taken up by Cd-accommodated cells was distributed in the cytosol, only a small percentage of Cd2+ was found in the cytosol of unaccommodated cells following 1 h incubation in 1 microM Cd-medium. Furthermore, some Cd2+ in the soluble fraction from Cd-accommodated cells was bound to low molecular weight (less than 30,000) protein(s), while unaccommodated cells only contained small amounts of these proteins. Therefore, it is proposed that Cd2+ binds to the low molecular weight protein(s) present in the cytosol, resulting in a decrease of Cd-toxicity, although the exact mechanism of accommodation is not clear.
Effects of starvation and neuroactive drugs on feeding in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1990)

Caenorhabditis elegans concentrates its food, bacteria, by pharyngeal pumping. The rate of pumping is affected by the presence of bacteria. Using a new assay that allows measurement of pumping rate in a population of worms suspended in liquid by measuring their uptake of microscopic iron particles, we have confirmed and quantitated this effect. Furthermore, we demonstrated that starvation stimulates pumping. Worms that had been deprived of bacteria for more than 4 hours pumped in the absence of bacteria under conditions in which well-fed worms did not. Furthermore, starved worms responded to lower amounts of bacteria than did fed worms. The assay was also useful for measuring effects of drugs on pumping. Of about 30 chemicals screened, 5 had clear effects. The neurotransmitter serotonin and the serotonin uptake inhibitor imipramine stimulated pumping, while the serotonin antagonist gramine inhibits. Imipramine stimulation is greatly decreased in cat-1 and cat-4 mutants, which have low levels of serotonin. Muscimol, an agonist for the neurotransmitter GABA, and ivermectin, whose site of action may also be the GABA receptor, both inhibit pumping. Qualitative observations suggested a role for acetylcholine in the regulation of pumping.
Highly uniform vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers integrated with microlens arrays (2000)

In this paper, work is described on the fabrication of highly uniform 8/spl times/8 arrays of GaAs-AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's). Oxide-confined VCSEL arrays show an average threshold current of 0.74/spl plusmn/0.02 mA, an average output power of 2.05/spl plusmn/0.03 mW at 8 mA and an average power conversion efficiency of 14.3%. Their wavelength is measured to be 967/spl plusmn/0.35 nm over the array. In addition, we describe the alignment and integration of these device arrays with arrays of refractive microlenses to allow beam shaping typically required in system applications.
Review of long wavelength single-mode optical fiber reflectometry techniques (1985)

This paper reviews the worldwide activity on long-wavelength ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">>1.1-\mu</tex> m) single-mode optical fiber reflectometry and compares and contrasts the many different approaches being taken to equipment design.
Geochemistry, origin, and deep-water exploration potential of natural gases in the Pearl River Mouth and Qiongdongnan basins, South China Sea (2009)

More than 10 gas pools have been discovered since 1983 in the shallow-water region of the Pearl River Mouth (PRM) Basin and the Qiongdongnan (QDN) Basin, offshore South China Sea. Gases produced from the QDN basin are characterized by high contents of benzene and toluene and relatively heavy 13C2 values (25 to 27). The associated condensates have a high abundance of bicadinanes and oleanane, providing a good correlation with the coal-bearing sequence of the Oligocene Yacheng Formation in the basin. In contrast, the gases from the PRM basin contain lower amounts of benzene and toluene and lighter 13C2 values (24 to 34). Widely variable concentrations of bicadinane and oleanane were identifiied from the associated condensates, which can be mostly correlated with the lower Oligocene Enping Formation source rocks formed in a swamp to shallow lake environment. Oil-cracked gases sourced from the Eocene oil-prone source rock may also provide some contribution to the PRM basin gases. The available geochemical data indicate that both the Yacheng and Enping formations contain mainly type III and II2 kerogens with dominant gas potential. Regional geological information indicates that the deep-water regions of the two basins share the same hydrocarbon source sags with the shallow-water areas, and they developed massive sandstone reservoirs during the Oligocene and Miocene. Fluid-flow modeling results show that the deep-water regions were on the pathway of lateral migrating gases, and the interpreted reservoirs in these zones have developed abundant seismic bright spots, which may reflect the presence of gas. The deep-water regions of the offshore South China Sea are believed to have great gas exploration potential.
Valid clocking in wavepipelined circuits (1992)

In thispaper, we conskier the problemof clocking wavepipelined circuits. Wavepipelined circuits can operate at a much higher clock rate than conventional pipelined circuits, because its maximum rate is limited only by the path delay difference instead of the maximum path delay, [Cot69]. Current research in this area has focused on minimizing the path delay difference, hence maximizing the achievable clockfrequency. In this paper, we present an analysis of valid clock rates in wavepipelined circuits using a technique called Timed Boolean Functions. We show that the valid intervals for the clock period can be disconnected. Thus, it is insufslcient to only know the minimum valid clock period in guaranteeing proper operation of pipelined circuits. We provide analytic expressions for the valid clock intervals in terms of both topological delay as well as 2-vector longest and shortest delays. Also uncertainties arising from manufacturing are taken into account. We also illustrate some potential dimulties in computing the exact valid clock intervals by demonstrating discontinuity and non-monotonicity of the harmonic number H (r) (the number of valid simultaneous data waves allowed) as a+tion of the clock period r.