gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of stimulated Raman scattering on pilot-tone based WDM supervisory technique (2002)

We report on the effects of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) on the pilot-tone based WDM monitoring technique. We measured the SRS-induced ghost ones after compensating the effects of EDFA's slow gain dynamics. Using these results, we estimated the maximum size of WDM network that the pilot-tone based monitoring technique could support.
Combinations of Drugs in the Treatment of Acute Leukæmias (1965)

In the United States, the Acute Leukemia Task Force has been studying ways to achieve chemical control over the acute leukemias. It was found that L1210 mouse leukemia is an excellent predictive model for childhood acute leukemia. Examination of the kinetics of cell generation led to the conclusions that a single cell could multiply to a lethal number of cells in a relatively short time, and that therapy must destroy every cell. Extension of these hypotheses to childhood leukemia has permitted estimates of generation time of human leukemic cells; the size of the leukemic cell population at clinical relapse and the fractional destruction of cells by individual drugs. By the use of combinations of antileukemic drugs complete cell destruction has been approached in a few patients with early leukemia.
Microstructure–Property Relationships in Human Adult and Baby Canine Teeth (2006)

Structure-property relationships in baby and adult teeth have been characterised using grazing-incidence synchrotron radiation diffraction and Vickers indentation. Similarities and differences between both types of teeth have been highlighted and discussed. Depth profiling results indicated the existence of contrasting but distinct gradual changes in crystal disorder, phase abundance, crystallite size and hardness within the baby and adult canine enamel, thus confirming the graded nature of human teeth. When compared to the adult tooth, the baby enamel is softer, more prone to fracture, but has larger hydroxyapatite grains.
Open-domain surface-based question answering system (2003)

This paper considers a surface-based question answering system for an opendomain solution. It analyzes the current progress that has been done in this area so far, while as well describes a methodology of answering questions by using information retrieved from very large collection of text. The solution proposed is based on indexing techniques and surface-based natural language processing that identify paragraphs from which an answer can be extracted. Although this approach would not solve all the problems associated with this task the objective is to provide a solution that is feasible, achieves reasonable accuracy and can return an answer in an acceptable time limit. Various techniques are discussed including question analysis, question reformulation, term extraction, answer extraction and other methods for answer pinpointing. Besides this further research in question answering is identified, especially in the area of handling answers that require reasoning.
Opportunities and Limitations of Gasification of Peat in Plasma Reactor (2012)

This article analyzes the gasification process of peat mass for the large-scale devices and it discusses consequent utilization of the synthesis gas in terms of recovering energy of this gas in a cogeneration unit. The experiment was realized in 80 kVA plasma reactor with dependent plasma arc. The nitrogen was used as inert gas to a plasma arc created. The main aim of these experiments was the generation energy efficiently, reducing the time required to destroy molecules of the treated waste, the elimination of emissions and streamline of the degradation process Compared to the conventional methods of thermal processing.
Preparation and use of N<sup>α</sup>-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-O-dibenzylphosphono-<scp>L</scp>-tyrosine in continuous flow solid phase peptide synthesis (1991)

E. A. Kitas, J. D. Wade, R. B. Johns, J. W. Perich and G. W. Tregear, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1991, 338 DOI: 10.1039/C39910000338
Salivary pH while dissolving vitamin C-containing tablets. (1992)

Vitamin C is packaged in numerous forms which allow protracted exposure of the teeth to ascorbic acid. The repeated use of chewable mega dose tablets of vitamin C as a mint can damage the teeth by dissolving the enamel. In the time it takes to dissolve a chewable vitamin C tablet, a salivary pH drop takes place; salivary calcium and phosphorus ion concentration drops, and enamel dissolution may begin. Although sodium ascorbate, a buffering agent, is present in many vitamin C products, it may be added in insufficient quantity to be effective. With no apparent therapeutic value from topical vitamin C, vitamin C-containing products should be swallowed.
An overview of AIDS dementia complex (2001)

The major neurological complications associated with HIV infection include cognitive, behavioral, and motor disturbances, which may range in severity from subtle, mild cognitive deficits to the clinical syndrome referred to as HIV-associated dementia or AIDS dementia complex (ADC). As with Alzheimer's type dementia, caregivers for people with HIV/AIDS have the overwhelming and burdensome task of caring for someone with deteriorating cognitive abilities, increasing physical debilitation, and changes in personality. This article describes ADC as well as some of the similarities and differences from Alzheimer's type dementia, and offers some special considerations for older adults and HIV.
Enhanced disease resistance to Botrytis cinerea in<i>myb46</i>Arabidopsis plants is associated to an early down-regulation of<i>CesA</i>genes (2011)

The cell wall is a protective barrier of paramount importance for the survival of plant cells. Monitoring the integrity of cell wall allows plants to quickly activate defence pathways to minimize pathogen entry and reduce the spread of disease. Counterintuitively, however, pharmacological effects as well as genetic lesions that affect cellulose biosynthesis and content confer plants with enhanced resistance against necrotrophic fungi. This kind of pathogens target cellulose for degradation to facilitate penetration and to generate glucose units as a food source. Our results points towards the existence of a transcriptional reprogramming mechanism in genes encoding cellulose synthases (CesAs) that occurs very soon after Botrytis cinerea attack and that results in a temporarily shut down of some CesA genes. Interestingly, the observed coordinated down-regulation of CesA genes is more pronounced, and occurs earlier, in myb46 mutant plants. In the resistant myb46 plants, pathogen infection induces transient down-regulation of CesA genes that concurs with a selective transcriptional reprogramming in a set of genes encoding structural cell wall proteins and extracellular remodelling enzymes. Together with previous indications, our results favour the hypothesis that CesAs are part of a surveillance system of the cell wall integrity that senses the presence of a pathogen and transduces that signal into a rapid transcriptional reprogramming of the affected cell.
Automatic representation of binary images (1990)

A method of representing black and white images through the description of the boundaries of the objects that define such images is proposed. In order to obtain such a representation, this method uses several algorithms which perform boundary extraction, contour following, segmentation, pattern classification, and curve fitting. One of the advantages of this method is that the image can be reconstructed at any size. It can also be rotated or translated without losing any quality. In addition to achieving a good data-compression rate, the coding-decoding process is computationally very efficient. Also shown is the application of these algorithms to characters in order to obtain fonts that may be downloaded for modern laser printers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
MN/CA9 as a novel molecular marker for the detection of cancer (2007)

A major challenge in cancer detection is the limited sensitivity of techniques for the initial diagnosis and subsequent monitoring of tumour evolution. Recently, many studies have focused on the discovery of molecular markers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. One promising molecular marker for cancer detection is MN/CA9. MN/CA9 is expressed in cancers of the kidney, breast, cervix, uterus, ovary, lung, oesophagus, stomach, colon, liver, pancreas, head and neck, bladder and skin, whereas its expression in normal tissues is limited to the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder and pancreatic ducts. MN/CA9 can be detected in cytological samples, as well as in bodily fluids, to aid in cancer diagnosis. The usefulness of MN/CA9 is also demonstrated for the detection of distant metastasis after surgery. As molecular techniques become routinely available, MN/CA9 is a powerful molecular marker in cancer diagnosis and prognosis.
Aldolase Activity of a <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Protein with Protective Properties (1988)

Immunization with a 41-kilodalton blood stage antigen (p41) of Plasmodium falciparum induces immunity to malaria in monkeys. However, antigenic polymorphism and repetitive amino acids commonly found in protective antigens complicate vaccine development. The gene encoding p41 has now been cloned and analyzed. Sequencing and hybridization studies revealed that the gene structure is highly conserved in 14 parasite isolates from three continents. This finding and the lack of repetitive amino acids in the translated DNA sequence may indicate that p41 has an essential function. In this study the protein was found to be 60 percent homologous to the key glycolytic enzyme aldolase from vertebrates, and the affinity-purified p41 protein from parasites showed aldolase activity.
Segmentation, grouping and feature detection for face image analysis (2002)

Automatic face and facial feature detection by a computer is a computationally challenging problem. There are many shape patterns for eyes, nose and mouth, hair, beards/mustaches, and the overall geometry of the face frame. The texture and color of hair and skin also vary greatly. One source of complexity in analyzing face images is due to the different appearances resulting from different orientations. From the literature and the authors' own experience, it is apparent that the various face orientations, eyeglasses, and hair, are among the main factors affecting the complexity of the face image analysis problems. This paper discusses a system that analyzes face images under a wide range of orientations, like those in the FERET database. Unlike previous systems that were designed specifically for either frontal or side-view images but not both, this takes a unified approach and treats frontal and side-view images with the same common sequence of analysis, with view-specific analysis only at the final stage, amounting to less than 10% of the whole task. It also detects the presence of eyeglasses under all views.
Selecting film bus link capacitors for high performance inverter applications (2009)

For years design engineers have chosen electrolytic capacitor technology for use as the bus link capacitor on inverter designs. The main attraction has always been the low cost per farad associated with electrolytic capacitors. This paper will present a practical mathematical approach on how to properly size a bus link capacitor for a high performance hard switched DC to AC inverter using film capacitors and will show how film capacitors are advantageous over electrolytic capacitors in terms of size, weight, lifetime, inverter efficiency and cost.
Detailed Characterization of Monoclonal Antibody Receptor Interaction Using Affinity Liquid Chromatography Hyphenated to Native Mass Spectrometry (2017)

We report on the online coupling of FcRn affinity liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) in native conditions to study the influence of modifications on the interaction of recombinant mAbs with the immobilized FcRn receptor domain. The analysis conditions were designed to fit the requirements of both affinity LC and ESI-MS. The mobile phase composition was optimized to maintain the proteins studied in native conditions and enable sharp pH changes in order to mimic properly IgGs Fc domain/FcRn receptor interaction. Mobile phase components needed to be sufficiently volatile to achieve native MS analysis. MS data demonstrated the conservation of the pseudonative form of IgGs and allowed identification of the separated variants. Native FcRn affinity LC-ESI-MS was performed on a therapeutic mAb undergoing various oxidation stress. Native MS detection was used to determine the sample oxidation level. Lower retention was observed for mAbs oxidized variants compared to their intact counterparts indicating decreased affinities for the receptor. This methodology proved to be suitable to identify and quantify post-translational modifications at native protein level in order to correlate their influence on the binding to the FcRn receptor. Native FcRn affinity LC-ESI-MS can tremendously reduce the time required to assess the biological relevance of the IgG microheterogeneities thus providing valuable information for biopharmaceutical research and development.
Polyphenylenes and Poly(phenyleneethynylene)s with 9,10‐Anthrylene Subunits (2006)

Abstract Summary: Light‐emitting conjugated polyphenylenes and poly(phenyleneethynylene)s have been synthesized, which comprise of 9,10‐linked anthracene repeat units with branched alkyl side‐chains (2‐octyldecyl) at the 2,6‐positions with p ‐terphenyl ( P1 ), p ‐diethynylbenzene ( P2 ), and diphenylacetylene ( P3 ) units. Both Sonogashira‐Hagihara and Suzuki‐Miyaura‐type cross‐coupling reactions under palladium catalysis were used as polycondensation methods. The branched alkyl side chains not only improve the solubility of the resulting copolymers but also prevent stacking in the solid state as evident from the almost identical PL spectra in solution and film. The copolymers P1 and P3 display pure blue emission while P2 exhibits green emission due to the extended π ‐system along the polymer backbone. All polymers possess high thermal stability and P1 shows the best solubility and film‐forming ability among the three copolymers investigated. Furthermore, the enhanced color stability of this material is demonstrated by the almost identical PL spectra obtained on annealing at 200 °C. Alternating copolymers P1 , P2 , and P3 . image Alternating copolymers P1 , P2 , and P3 .
Tapered single-mode optical fiber evanescent coupling (2002)

We describe the results of a numerical and experimental investigation of how a point source of radiation couples light to the HE/sub 11/ mode of a tapered single-mode fiber. Specifically, we have investigated two different geometries of nonadiabatic, tapered single-mode optical fiber. The motivation for this study is the characterization of a single-mode tapered optical fiber biosensor. In such a device light is collected from fluorescent sources located along the cladding surface of the tapered fiber. Taper-to-taper coupling measurements and fiber mode calculations indicate the device sensitivity decreases exponentially as sources are moved away from the tip of the tapered fiber.
A Novel Testicular Haploid Expressed Gene (THEG) Involved in Mouse Spermatid-Sertoli Cell Interaction1 (1999)

The successful production of male gametes requires extensive and precise interactions between germ cells and surrounding testicular somatic cells. We have made use of the mRNA differential display technique to isolate genes involved in germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction. We have identified five differential cDNA bands by comparing RNA from Sertoli cells, spermatids and spermatid-Sertoli cell cocultures. One of the isolated cDNA fragments detected a 1. 4-kilobase (kb) testis- and spermatid-specific transcript (designated as THEG: testicular haploid expressed gene). Northern blot analysis on RNA from spermatids and spermatid-Sertoli cell cocultures demonstrated that Sertoli cells are required for the continued expression of THEG in spermatids. We found two alternatively spliced transcripts for the THEG gene with 1437 base pairs (bp) and 1375 bp by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The two open reading frames of 376 amino acids and 181 amino acids coded for putative nuclear proteins. The gene is approximately 10 kb pairs in size, contains 8 exons, and was mapped on mouse chromosome 10 to region B5-C1. Comparison of the two cDNA sequences with the genomic sequence indicated that the smaller transcript lacks exon 4. The differential gene expression of THEG in spermatid-Sertoli cell coculture supports the relevance of germ cell-Sertoli cell interaction for gene regulation during spermatogenesis.
Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide from Ditertiarybutylsilane (1993)

This study investigates the use of ditertiarybutylsilane as a single precursor to synthesize amorphous films by low pressure chemical vapor deposition at temperatures below 850°C. The deposition rate is observed to vary linearly with the square root of flow rate and pressure. In the temperature range of 600 to 675°C, the deposition rate follows an Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of 24 kcal mol−1, while above 675°C, it seems to be controlled by the homolytic cleavage of the Si‐C bonds and mass‐transfer limitations. The carbon content is seen to progressively increase with higher temperatures with a particularly rapid rate noted above 750°C. The hardness and the Young's modulus increase as the deposition temperature is raised reaching maximum values close to 20 and 200 GPa, respectively, at 750°C. The addition of is noted to improve significantly the optical transmission of the deposits while adversely impacting the film stress. In the temperature range between 810 and 850°C, free‐standing membranes were produced using the chamber pressure to optimize stress.
HyperSpace: Distributed Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization (2018)

As machine learning models continue to increase in complexity, so does the potential number of free model parameters commonly known as hyperparameters. While there has been considerable progress toward finding optimal configurations of these hyperparameters, many optimization procedures are treated as black boxes. We believe optimization methods should not only return a set of optimized hyperparameters, but also give insight into the effects of model hyperparameter settings. To this end, we present HyperSpace, a parallel implementation of Bayesian sequential model-based optimization. HyperSpace leverages high performance computing (HPC) resources to better understand unknown, potentially non-convex hyperparameter search spaces. We show that it is possible to learn the dependencies between model hyperparameters through the optimization process. By partitioning large search spaces and running many optimization procedures in parallel, we also show that it is possible to discover families of good hyperparameter settings over a variety of models including unsupervised clustering, regression, and classification tasks.
Automatic transcription of simple polyphonic music (1996)

A novel computational system has been constructed which is capable of transcribing piano performances of four-voice Bach chorales written in the style of 18th century counterpoint. The system is based on the ‘‘blackboard’’ architecture, which combines top-down and bottom-up processing with a representation that is natural for the stated musical domain. Knowledge from auditory physiology, physical sound production, and musical practice has been successfully integrated in the current implementation, enabling the system to infer the presence of octaves, thereby overcoming a common pitfall of many traditional bottom-up transcription systems. The architecture and incorporated knowledge will be presented, along with an appraisal of the system’s performance and comparisons with other systems in the literature. [Work supported by NSF.]
Synthesis of 1-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-xylulose and 1-Deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-xylulose-5-phosphate (1999)

1-Deoxy-D-xylulose (4) and the corresponding 5-phosphate (5) are substrates for the first pathway-specific enzymes in the biosynthesis of thiamine diphosphate (vitamin B(1)), pyridoxol phosphate (vitamin B(6)), and the nonmevalonate family of isoprenoid compounds recently discovered in bacteria and plant chloroplasts. Both 4 and 5 were synthesized from commercially available (-)-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-threitol (10). The protected tetraol was converted to (-)-3,4-O-isopropylidene-5-triisopropylsilyl-1-deoxy-D-xylulose (14) in four steps. Treatment of 14 with acetic acid gave 4 in an overall yield of 69%. The corresponding 5-phosphate was obtained by protection the carbonyl group in 14, removal of the triisopropylsilyl moiety, and treatment of the resulting alcohol with trimethyl phosphite/TeCl(4), trimethylsilyl bromide, water, and HCl in successive steps to give 5 in 58% overall yield from 10.
A prototype skeleture mapper for automated abattoir application (2002)

The major limitation in abattoir automation lies in sensing. This paper outlines a measurement system to map the locations of the important sites on a half meat carcase, non-invasively and by direct reference to the skeleture, the attribute of a carcase that changes the least,with breed, age, and condition. The design and construction of a prototype skeleture mapper is outlined. Original heuristic functions, to enhance the raw data output of the measurement system to the point where detection of important sites on a carcase by software is feasible, are demonstrated. Practical applications of the system are outlined.
Prevention of arterial reocclusion after thrombolysis with activated protein C. Comparison with heparin in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis. (1994)

BACKGROUNDReocclusion of recanalized coronary arteries often limits the efficacy of coronary thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Activated protein C (APC) is an important regulatory enzyme in hemostasis. In view of the potential of human APC as an anticoagulant and profibrinolytic agent, the effect of APC on thrombolysis with recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rTPA) was studied in a canine model of coronary artery thrombosis.METHODS AND RESULTSContinuous artery flow monitoring in the left anterior descending coronary artery of 30 anesthetized adult beagles was performed by a magnetic flowmeter. Localized thrombosis was produced in the left anterior descending coronary artery and administration of rTPA (alteplase, 0.45 mg/kg IV) was done for 30 minutes. The dogs were randomly assigned to receive one of the following intravenous adjunctive therapies: (1) control group (n = 10): human albumin at a rate of 0.83 mL/min; (2) APC group (n = 10): human plasma-derived APC...