gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Sugar Additives on Stability of Human Serum Albumin during Vacuum Foam Drying and Storage (2011)

No literature on the protein stabilization of human serum albumin (HSA) by vacuum foam drying (VFD) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sugar-additive systems on the stability of HSA by VFD. For the assessment, HSA was formulated with sucrose and mannitol, respectively, alone or in combination with stabilizers, which were vacuum foam dried and stored at 25C. Protein content of the resulting dried formulations was analyzed by Lowry method. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis of the HSA secondary structure showed apparent protein structure-stabilizing effects of the amorphous sugar and phosphate combination during the VFD. In particular, sucrose-sodium phosphate monobasic mixture provide an interesting alternative to pure saccharide formulations due to their high glass transition temperatures and their increased ability to maintain a low melting transition temperature in the presence of small amounts of water. Inhibition of the sucrose crystallization in solutions under vacuum resulted in highly amorphous sucrose. Changes in the endothermic melting transition suggested reduced sucrose molecular mobility with increase in the sodium phosphate ratio. The addition of phosphate salts to sugar systems has several interesting features that merit its consideration in formulations to protect dehydrated labile biomaterials. In conclusion, our data suggest that sucrose and phosphate as additives seem to protect HSA during VFD better than lyophilized products and also maintain its stability in the VFD state during storage.
Orthogonal striping and mirroring in distributed RAID for I/O-centric cluster computing (2002)

This paper presents a new distributed disk-array architecture for achieving high I/O performance in scalable cluster computing. In a serverless cluster of computers, all distributed local disks can be integrated as a distributed-software redundant array of independent disks (ds-RAID) with a single I/O space. We report the new RAID-x design and its benchmark performance results. The advantage of RAID-x comes mainly from its orthogonal striping and mirroring (OSM) architecture. The bandwidth is enhanced with distributed striping across local and remote disks, while the reliability comes from orthogonal mirroring on local disks at the background. Our RAID-x design is experimentally compared with the RAID-5, RAID-10, and chained-declustering RAID through benchmarking on a research Linux cluster at USC. Andrew and Bonnie benchmark results are reported on all four disk-array architectures. Cooperative disk drivers and Linux extensions are developed to enable not only the single I/O space, but also the shared virtual memory and global file hierarchy. We reveal the effects of traffic rate and stripe unit size on I/O performance. Through scalability and overhead analysis, we find the strength of RAID-x in three areas: 1) improved aggregate I/O bandwidth especially for parallel writes, 2) orthogonal mirroring with low software overhead, and 3) enhanced scalability in cluster I/O processing. Architectural strengths and weakness of all four ds-RAID architectures are evaluated comparatively. The optimal choice among them depends on parallel read/write performance desired, the level of fault tolerance required, and the cost-effectiveness in specific I/O processing applications.
Three-Dimensional Ultrasonographic Assessment of the Umbilical Cordduring the 2nd and 3rd Tri mesters of Pregnancy (1998)

The new three-dimensional ultrasound technology generates within seconds high-quality three-dimensional images of the umbilical cord, although limitation of viewing direction exists. These results suggest that the new three-dimensional ultrasonography has the potential to be a supplement to two-dimensional ultrasonography and might be useful in identifying abnormal umbilical cords in utero.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines and β‐Carbolines (2014)

Abstract A microwave‐mediated Pictet–Spengler procedure utilizing 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE) and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was developed to provide tetrahydro‐β‐carboline salts in high yields. Reactions are complete in 20 minutes or less and the product precipitates from solution in high yields and purity, negating the need for liquid–liquid extraction or column chromatography. This method tolerates a wide range of functionality and can be performed on milligram to gram scales. A subsequent microwave‐mediated aromatization of the synthesized tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines to β‐carbolines was also developed utilizing catalytic Pd/C. The aromatization is complete in 60 min or less with most substrates requiring minimal purification.
Natural Compounds: Leads or Ideas? Bioinspired Molecules for Drug Discovery (2008)

In this article, we compare drugs of natural origin to synthetic compounds and analyze the reasons why natural compounds occupy a place of choice in the current pharmacopoeia. The observations reported here support the design of synthetic compounds inspired from plant alkaloids and their biosynthetic pathway. Our reasoning leads to very efficient syntheses of compounds which complexity matches that of indolomonoterpenic alkaloids.
Update on stress and depression: the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (2003)

Over the past 50 years, relationships between stress and the neurobiological changes seen in psychiatric disorders have been well-documented. A major focus of investigations in this area has been the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, both as a marker of stress response and as a mediator of additional downstream pathophysiologic changes. This review examines the emerging literature concerning the relationship between stress, HPA axis function, and depression, as well as the role of early life stress as an important risk factor for HPA axis dysregulation. The more recent studies reviewed suggest that the prominence of HPA axis hyperactivity in adults with depressive and anxiety disorders may constitute a link between the occurrence of adversity in childhood and the development of adult psychopathology.
Tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) (2003)

The effectiveness of image stabilization with a retinal tracker in a multi-function, compact scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO) was demonstrated in initial human subject tests. The retinal tracking system uses a confocal reflectometer with a closed loop optical servo system to lock onto features in the fundus. The system is modular to allow configuration for many research and clinical applications, including hyperspectral imaging, multifocal electroretinography (MFERG), perimetry, quantification of macular and photo-pigmentation, imaging of neovascularization and other subretinal structures (drusen, hyper-, and hypo-pigmentation), and endogenous fluorescence imaging. Optical hardware features include dual wavelength imaging and detection, integrated monochromator, higher-order motion control, and a stimulus source. The system software consists of a real-time feedback control algorithm and a user interface. Software enhancements include automatic bias correction, asymmetric feature tracking, image averaging, automatic track re-lock, and acquisition and logging of uncompressed images and video files. Normal adult subjects were tested without mydriasis to optimize the tracking instrumentation and to characterize imaging performance. The retinal tracking system achieves a bandwidth of greater than 1 kHz, which permits tracking at rates that greatly exceed the maximum rate of motion of the human eye. The TSLO stabilized images in all test subjects during ordinary saccades up to 500 °/sec with an inter-frame accuracy better than 0.05 °. Feature lock was maintained for minutes despite subject eye blinking. Successful frame averaging allowed image acquisition with decreased noise in low-light applications. The retinal tracking system significantly enhances the imaging capabilities of the scanning laser ophthalmoscope.
CLONING OF THE MOUSE FIBRONECTIN V‐REGION AND VARIATION OF ITS SPLICING PATTERN IN EXPERIMENTAL IMMUNE COMPLEX GLOMERULONEPHRITIS (1996)

Increased mRNA and protein expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including fibronectin, occurs during the development of glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis in immunologically mediated kidney diseases. However, in addition to these quantitative changes in ECM expression, qualitative changes in these molecules may contribute to malformations in the composition of the glomerular matrix. These qualitative changes may include alterations in the splicing pattern of the V-region of fibronectin, since this region plays a role in its accumulation. The splicing patterns of this region have been studied in chronic graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) in mice, a model of lupus nephritis, and in chronic serum sickness (CSS) in rats, a model of immune complex nephritis. Cloning of the mouse fibronectin V-region from kidney tissue revealed 96·1 per cent homology with the corresponding domain in rat fibronectin. PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis of RNA from isolated glomeruli revealed three isoforms of this region in both mouse and rat fibronectin, namely inclusion or exclusion of the whole region, or exclusion of only the CS1 domain. In both models, increased exclusion of the V-region was observed early in the disease. However, in GvHD the splicing pattern returned to normal, whereas in CSS the shift persisted during the course of the experiment. Differentiated expression of fibronectin isoforms may exert an important effect on the structure and biological function of the glomerulus and may thus play a role in the development of glomerulonephritis and glomerulosclerosis.
Aging test strategy and adaptive test scheduling for SoC failure prediction (2010)

This paper presents a novel failure prediction testing technique that is applicable for system-on-chips (SoCs). Highly reliable systems such as automobiles, aircraft or medical equipments would not allow any interruptive erroneous responses during a system operation, which might result in catastrophe. Therefore, we propose a failure prediction delay testing technique that is applied during the time when the system is not working, such as power-on/-off times. To achieve high reliability in the field, the proposed technique should take into consideration various types of aging mechanisms. Since the testing environment of voltage and temperature is uncontrollable in the field, an accurate delay measurement considering the variation due to voltage and temperature should be developed. Moreover, we propose an adaptive test scheduling that gives more test chances to more possible degrading parts for improving detecting efficiency.
Development of Cutaneous Amelanotic Melanoma in the Absence of a Functional Tyrosinase (2001)

Lack of characteristic pigmentation and a wide range of clinical presentations account for the diagnostic challenge associated with amelanotic malignant melanoma. Experimental studies of this important human cancer have been hampered by the lack of an appropriate animal model. We previously described a transgenic mouse line (TG-3) that spontaneously develops pigmented cutaneous melanoma. F1 crosses were generated with TG-3 and several albino strains, and backcrosses were then made with the albinos. In the present report, we describe the restricted development and characterization of cutaneous amelanotic melanoma in these albino transgenic backcrosses. The incidence and behavior of melanoma in these mice were monitored. A high incidence (80-100%) of spontaneous amelanotic melanoma was observed in albino transgenic mice derived from backcrosses with A, AKR, FVB, and SJL strains. The lowest incidence (30%) was obtained in BALB/c-derived crosses. No tumors were observed in non-transgenic mice. Immunohistochemical and western blot analyses using antibodies against three melanocyte-specific markers of the tyrosinase family of proteins confirmed that the tumors were composed of amelanotic melanocytes. Furthermore, the presence of numerous premelanosomes observed by electron microscopy further supported the melanocytic origin of these tumors. Previous in vitro studies on human melanoma have suggested that cutaneous amelanotic melanoma was evolving from preexisting pigmented cutaneous melanoma. However, our results indicate that it can occur directly, as evidenced by the appearance of cutaneous amelanotic melanoma in the tyrosinase-deficient albino mice. These mice represent a potentially valuable model for studying the mechanistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic features of this highly malignant neoplasm.
Improved BP Neural Network for Intrusion Detection Based on AFSA (2015)

Establishing a complete information security policy is the most important step to solve the problem of information security and the basis for the entire information security system. Using intrusion detection technology to identify the source of threats and adjusting security policy is an effective operation of network protection. Trained BP neural network model is usually adopted as detector, but because of defects of weights training algorithm of BPNN, the weights always fall into local minima area. In order to address this problem, we propose a detection model based on BP neural network training by AFSA (Artificial Fish Swarming Algorithm). The algorithm optimizes the weights of BP neural network by AFSA. It shortens the sample training time and improves BP neural network classification accuracy. Experimental results demonstrated that it has a shorter training time and can achieve a superior detection rate than BPNN.
Wavelet-based detection on MUAPs decomposed from sEMG under different levels of muscle isometric contraction (2017)

Decomposition of EMG (electromyography), in which the MUAPs (Motor Units Action Potentials) are extracted from the original EMG signals, is a useful approach for evaluating the physiological properties of muscles and studying the neural mechanism of human motions. Existing decomposition methods usually extracted the MUAPs via the waveform matching between the detected spikes and MUAP templates. However, those methods always involve too many artificial parameters and have no generally mathematical expression, which make them inflexible in practical applications and also cause poor robustness under interference. With respect to the problem, in this paper, a wavelet-based decomposition method is proposed to detect the “true” MUAPs from sEMG. Two standard Gaussian wavelets are firstly defined as the basic MUAP expressions; then, wavelet transform is performed to describe scales and magnitudes of different MUAPs from different nerve fibers. Experiments were conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method, where MUAPs decomposed from sEMG under different levels of muscle contraction can be effectively detected by the method.
Single-Pot Biofabrication of Zinc Sulfide Immuno-Quantum Dots (2010)

Quantum dots (QDs) are a powerful alternative to organic dyes and fluorescent proteins for biological and biomedical applications. These semiconductor nanocrystals are traditionally synthesized above 200 degrees C in organic solvents using toxic and costly precursors, and further steps are required to conjugate them to a biological ligand. Here, we describe a simple, aqueous route for the one-pot synthesis of antibody-derivatized zinc sulfide (ZnS) immuno-QDs. In this strategy, easily expressed and purified fusion proteins perform the dual function of nanocrystal mineralizers through ZnS binding sequences identified by cell surface display and adaptors for immunoglobin G (IgG) conjugation through a tandem repeat of the B domain of Staphylococcus aureus protein A. Although approximately 4.3 nm ZnS wurtzite cores could be biomineralized from either zinc chloride or zinc acetate precursors, only the latter salt gives rise to protein-coated QDs with long shelf life and narrow hydrodynamic diameters (8.8 +/- 1.4 nm). The biofabricated QDs have a quantum yield of 2.5% and blue-green ensemble emission with contributions from the band-edge at 340 nm and from trap states at 460 and 665 nm that are influenced by the identity of the protein shell. Murine IgG(1) antibodies exhibit high affinity (K(d) = 60 nM) for the protein shell, and stable immuno-QDs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 14.1 +/- 1.3 nm are readily obtained by mixing biofabricated nanocrystals with human IgG.
Stereoselective Simmons–Smith Cyclopropanation of Chiral Enamides (2007)

Efficient and practical access to chiral aminocyclopropanes is secured by the title reaction (see example). Both E and Z enamides undergo the cyclopropanation with high diastereoselectivity (d.r. up to >95:5). The application of this methodology to the synthesis of biologically significant aminocyclopropanes illustrates the potential of chiral enamides as useful building blocks for stereoselective organic synthesis.
Modulation of nuclear internalization of Tat peptides by fluorescent dyes and receptor‐avid peptides (2007)

The nuclear internalization of biomolecules by Tat peptide provides a mechanism to deliver drugs to cells. However, translocation of molecular imaging probes to the nucleus may induce undesirable mutagenesis. To assess the feasibility of retaining its cell permeating effect without nuclear translocation, Tat-peptide was conjugated with a somatostatin receptor (STR)-avid ligand (Oct) and labeled with fluorescent dyes. The results show that Tat-Oct-5-FAM (fluorescein 5'-carboxylic acid) remained in the cytoplasm of STR-positive AR42J cells. Co-incubation of Tat-Oct-5-FAM with ATP induced nuclear translocation. These data suggest that both dye and Oct-STR endocytosis complex could modulate nuclear internalization of Tat peptides.
Unequal Partners. Philippine and Thai Relations With the United States 1965-1975 (1978)

VRÜ Verfassung und Recht in Übersee , Seite 248 - 248
Indirubin and Meisoindigo in the Treatment of Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia in China (2002)

The aim of this review is to summarize our experience and the current knowledge on the clinical results of Indirubin, a minor active constituent of a well-know traditional Chinese prescription, Ganggui Luhui Wan, and its analogue, Meisoindigo, in the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in China. Indirubin and meisoindigo induced hematologic remission in patients with chronic phase (CP) CML as effective as hydroxyurea and busulfan, in addition, there were no significant differences in median duration of CP, median survival and blast crisis at 60 months from diagnosis in indirubin, meisoindigo, hydroxyurea and busulfan treated groups. However, when meisoindigo was combined with hydroxyurea, there was evidence of a significantly prolonged median duration of CP, median survival and a reduced incidence of blast crisis at 60 months compared with busulfan, meisoindigo and hydroxyurea alone. The critical mechanisms of indirubin and meisoindigo action have not yet been identified. Both antiproliferative and induced apoptosis mechanisms have been described. Further research, especially randomized trials, are required to confirm the role of indirubin and meisoindigo in the treatment of CML.
Effect of O6-benzylguanine on alkylating agent-induced toxicity and mutagenicity. In Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing wild-type and mutant O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases. (2000)

The DNA repair protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) has been shown to protect cells from the toxic and mutagenic effect of alkylating agents by removing lesions from the O6 position of guanine. O6-Benzylguanine (BG) is a potent inactivator of AGT, resulting in an increase in the sensitivity of cells to the toxic effects of chemotherapeutic alkylating agents. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and CHO cells transfected with wild-type AGT (CHOWTAGT) and a mutant AGT [P138 M/V139I/P140K (CHOMIK)] known to be resistant to BG were treated with BG and various alkylating agents. BG treatment alone dramatically decreased AGT activity in CHOWTAGT cells but resulted in no depletion in AGT activity in CHOMIK cells. In the absence of AGT, these cells are highly sensitive to the toxic and mutagenic effects of temozolomide and 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), and no further sensitization occurs in the presence of BG. In contrast, CHOWTAGT cells are resistant to temozolomide and BCNU, and treatment with BG resulted in a significantly higher cell killing and mutation frequency. CHOMIK cells were completely resistant to temozolomide or BCNU in the presence and absence of BG. Both cell killing and mutation frequency of 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-HC) in CHO, CHOWTAGT, and CHOMIK cells were increased in the presence of BG. 4-HC generates two active metabolites, phosphoramide mustard (PM) and acrolein. BG had no effect on 4hydroperoxydidechlorocyclophosphamide (which generates acrolein and a nonalkylating form of PM) in CHO cells and CHOMIK cells, but enhancement of toxicity was observed with PM in both these cell lines. Therefore, we attribute the enhancement to the PM metabolite of 4-HC. Our results demonstrate that wild-type AGT plays an important role in protecting against the toxic and mutagenic effect of O6 alkylating agents and that a mutant AGT resistant to inactivation by BG effectively prevents BG-enhanced toxicity and mutagenicity induced by these agents. Expression of the AGT protein contributes to resistance of 4-HC. BG also enhances the toxicity of 4-HC and PM by a mechanism that may not involve the AGT repair protein.
THE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS UPON THE REARRANGEMENT OF BENZOPINACOL (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE EFFECT OF SUBSTITUENTS UPON THE REARRANGEMENT OF BENZOPINACOLJohn C. Bailar Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 9, 3596–3603Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01372a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01372a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts