gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Reversible Pump Turbine for its prospective application in Nepal (2014)

Abstract- Most hydropower plants in Nepal are run-off type, which cannot supply the designed amount of energy during dry season and peak demand period resulting in energy crisis. Therefore, pumped storage plants can be an ideal solution to meet the current energy needs of the country. Most of these storage plants make use of a single unit acting both as turbine as well as pump; hence aptly called Reversible Pump Turbine (RPT). This paper explains the new application concept for use of such RPTs as auxiliary unit to supplement the main power unit in hydropower plants of Nepal. It also summarizes the design process of such runner with reference to the parameters available at Chilime region in central part of Nepal. The design is performed in two steps. The first step is an analytical design, which gives an initial geometry of the RPT runner. The process resulted in a runner of larger size than a normal Francis runner for same parameters since it has to work as pump as well. The next step is an optimization procedure involving CFD analysis under which the simulation of the RPT in turbine mode yielded an efficiency of 88.71%. The detail laboratory experiments on a model RPT will be performed later to validate the results from CFD and determine the characteristics of the designed runner at different mode and operating conditions.
Acoustic mixing at low Reynold’s numbers (2006)

In microfluidic devices, hydrodynamic flow is usually governed by very low Reynold’s numbers. Under these conditions, only laminar flow is possible. Hence, mixing in microfluidics occurs by diffusion only. Interaction of small fluid volumes and acoustic waves in a solid leads to pronounced streaming effects in the fluid inducing mixing and stirring even at low Reynold’s numbers. We demonstrate the applicability of such acoustically induced mixing in a variety of different microfluidic geometries, including planar and conventional three-dimensional microfluidic devices.
Maximizing the natriuretic effect of endogenous atriopeptin in a rat model of heart failure. (1990)

The effect of pharmacological manipulation of atriopeptin (AP) activity on sodium excretion and blood pressure was examined in the rat aortovenocaval (A-V) fistula model of cardiac failure. Introduction of an A-V shunt led to a marked and sustained elevation of plasma AP immunoreactivity and urinary cGMP levels. Further elevation of plasma AP levels by infusion of exogenous peptide induced modest increases in urinary sodium and cGMP excretion and a decrease in blood pressure but these responses were significantly attenuated compared to sham-operated animals. In contrast, low-dose infusion of M + B 22948 (a cGMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor) or thiorphan [a neutral endopeptidase (membrane metallo-endopeptidase, EC 3.4.24.11) inhibitor] induced a natriuresis in A-V fistula rats, which exceeded that seen in control animals given these compounds and matched the peak natriuresis produced in sham-operated animals by high doses of AP. In the doses used, these compounds had little effect on blood pressure. The greater renal efficacy of M + B 22948 in A-V fistula rats is consistent with postreceptor facilitation of AP activity. The effect of thiorphan on sodium excretion was accompanied by a pronounced increase in urinary cGMP and AP immunoreactivity excretion (and was attenuated by anti-AP monoclonal antibody) but could not be explained solely in terms of an increase in circulating AP levels. It is proposed that thiorphan allows filtered AP to reach renal tubule sites that are normally inaccessible to the peptide and are thus protected from down-regulation by high circulating AP levels. The implication of these observations for patients in cardiac failure is the potential for using pharmacological agents to maximize the response to endogenous AP without compromising cardiac function.
Insulin regulates soluble amyloid precursor protein release via phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase‐dependent pathway (2000)

Several lines of biochemical evidence correlate the presence of energy metabolic defects with the functional alterations associated with brain aging and with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Within this context we tested the ability of insulin to regulate the amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Our findings show that insulin promotes APP metabolism by a glucose-independent mechanism. We demonstrate a novel intracellular pathway that increases the rate of secretion of soluble APP through the activity of phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3-K). This pathway, downstream of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity, does not involve either the activation of protein kinase C or the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP-K) pathway. Because of the physiological role of PI3-K in the translocation of glucose transporter-containing vesicles, we speculate that PI3-K involvement in APP metabolism may act at the level of vesicular trafficking.
Libra: divide and conquer to verify forwarding tables in huge networks (2014)

Data center networks often have errors in the forwarding tables, causing packets to loop indefinitely, fall into black-holes or simply get dropped before they reach the correct destination. Finding forwarding errors is possible using static analysis, but none of the existing tools scale to a large data center network with thousands of switches and millions of forwarding entries. Worse still, in a large data center network the forwarding state is constantly in flux, which makes it hard to take an accurate snapshot of the state for static analysis.We solve these problems with Libra, a new tool for verifying forwarding tables in very large networks. Libra runs fast because it can exploit the scaling properties of MapReduce. We show how Libra can take an accurate snapshot of the forwarding state 99.9% of the time, and knows when the snapshot cannot be trusted. We show results for Libra analyzing a 10,000 switch network in less than a minute, using 50 servers.
Synthesis of Fluorinated Dimethyl Carbonates by Direct Fluorination (2004)

Abstract Growing interest has been focused on the development of fluorinated solvents for lithium batteries, because they have a number of benefits such as excellent oxidation durability, wide liquidus ranges, and nonflammability. Fluorination of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) is carried out using molecular fluorine (15 vol.% F2/N2) at 5°C, and the fluorinated derivatives of the DMC are identified and characterized. The selectivity of monofluorinated dimethyl carbonate (MFDMC) is ca. 90% at early stage of the fluorination. The successive electrophilic substitution of a hydrogen with a fluorine is found to proceed for the direct fluorination of the DMC.
Evidence-based guideline: Treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy [RETIRED] (2011)

Pregabalin is established as effective and should be offered for relief of PDN (Level A). Venlafaxine, duloxetine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, valproate, opioids (morphine sulfate, tramadol, and oxycodone controlled-release), and capsaicin are probably effective and should be considered for treatment of PDN (Level B). Other treatments have less robust evidence or the evidence is negative. Effective treatments for PDN are available, but many have side effects that limit their usefulness, and few studies have sufficient information on treatment effects on function and QOL.
Effects of modulations on the sub-harmonic oscillations of digital peak current and digital valley current controlled switching DC-DC converters (2009)

Sub-harmonic oscillations of digital peak current (DPC) and digital valley current (DVC) controlled switching dc-dc converters operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM) are analyzed in this paper. The control laws of DPC and DVC control and their corresponding sub-harmonic oscillations are studied. Digital slope compensation (DSC) method is proposed to eliminate the sub-harmonic oscillations of conventional DPC control with trailing-edge modulation and DVC control with leading-edge modulation. It is pointed out that no sub-harmonic oscillations exists in both DPC controlled converters with leading-edge modulation and DVC controlled converters with trailing-edge modulation, and improved transient performance can also be achieved in this case. Experimental results are given to verify the analysis results.
Micropower mixed-signal acoustic localizer (2004)

A micropower VLSI system-on-chip is presented for 3-D localization of a broadband acoustic source. The direction of the source is estimated by relating spatial and temporal differentials of acoustic signals acquired over a planar geometry of four microphones. Two stages of mixed-signal least-squares adaptation perform common-mode rejection for increased sensitivity in the analog differentials, and directly produce digital estimates of the direction cosines. The 3 mm /spl times/ 3 mm chip in 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology quantizes signal delays with 2 /spl mu/s resolution at 2 kHz sampling rate and at 32 /spl mu/W power dissipation.
Sigma: multiple alignment of weakly-conserved non-coding DNA sequence (2006)

By taking into account the peculiarities of non-coding DNA, Sigma fills a gap in the toolbox of bioinformatics.
Cloud Based Big Data Analytics Framework for Face Recognition in Social Networks Using Machine Learning (2015)

Face recognition (FR) has been at the crux of several novel breakthroughs over the past two decades and has steadily proffered several cross-domain applications that range from mainstream commercial software to critical law enforcement applications. Recent groundbreaking developments in Big Data analysis,Cloud Computing,Social Networks and Machine learning have vastly transformed the conventional view of how several formidable problems in Computer Vision can be tackled. Hence in this paper, we will provide a thorough survey of the concepts of Cloud Computing, Big Data, Social networks and Machine Learning from a contemporary perspective of FR,and proffer a framework for a novel FR approachbased on the Extreme Learning Machines technique to perform the task of Face Tagging for Social Networks operating on Big Data. In the proposed approach, the desirable properties of the aforementioned concepts are amalgamated to form an effective coalition that can augment the performance of FR, in addition to serving immeasurably in a plethora of other disciplines.
Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV-Resistant [<scp>d</scp>-Ala2]Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide (GIP) Improves Glucose Tolerance in Normal and Obese Diabetic Rats (2002)

The therapeutic potential of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) for improving glycemic control has largely gone unstudied. A series of synthetic GIP peptides modified at the NH2-terminus were screened in vitro for resistance to dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP IV) degradation and potency to stimulate cyclic AMP and affinity for the transfected rat GIP receptor. In vitro experiments indicated that [d-Ala2]GIP possessed the greatest resistance to enzymatic degradation, combined with minimal effects on efficacy at the receptor. Thus, [d-Ala2]GIP1–42 was selected for further testing in the perfused rat pancreas and bioassay in conscious Wistar and Zucker rats. When injected subcutaneously in normal Wistar, Fa/?, or fa/fa Vancouver Diabetic Fatty (VDF) Zucker rats, both GIP and [d-Ala2]GIP significantly reduced glycemic excursions during a concurrent oral glucose tolerance test via stimulation of insulin release. The latter peptide displayed greater in vivo effectiveness, likely because of resistance to enzymatic degradation. Hence, despite reduced bioactivity in diabetic models at physiological concentrations, GIP and analogs with improved plasma stability still improve glucose tolerance when given in supraphysiological doses, and thus may prove useful in the treatment of diabetic states.
Challenges to China’s Education and Training System and the New Global Context (2008)

To put the need for developing a system of lifelong learning for China in context, this chapter begins by summarizing some of the daunting challenges China is facing in education and training.It summarizes some of the key elements of what could be called a knowledge revolution that are making education and training critical elements of competitiveness.It then summarizes some of the key global trends in education and training.It concludes with a section of why investments in education and training are important in this new global context of rapid change and constant restructuring. The global knowledge revolutionWe are in a period of accelerated creation and dissemination of knowledge, in what could be called a knowledge revolution.It has important implications for what countries, especially China, must do with their education and training systems.Various factors are behind this knowledge revolution: Dramatic advances in information technology are reducing the costs of processing and transmitting information-affecting how we produce and distribute goods, how we interact, how we organize our lives. Ideas, skills, and brand names are driving the world economy, giving more weight to such intangibles as research and development (R&D), education, training, software, marketing, distribution, organization, and networks. Increasing codification of knowledge is based on advances in scientific understanding.Greater information processing power and the ability to simulate reality through mathematical modeling, in turn, speed the rate of scientific advance.We are now engineering new materials at the molecular level.We are also beginning to engineer new life forms.The economic and moral implications of these advances are just beginning to be felt, but they will certainly raise new challenges and opportunities and affect competitiveness and welfare. The faster creation and dissemination of knowledge is shortening the time lags between the invention and application of knowledge.The boundary between scientific advance and applications is becoming blurred in biotechnologies, where advances in basic scientific understanding are rapidly being exploited in commercial applications.The reduction of product life cycles is particularly marked in electronics, but occurring more generally across a broad range of products and services, including software.1 It also puts a premium on the incentive and institutional regime that allows resources to be deployed to the most efficient uses, a dynamic information infrastructure, and an effective innovation system.For an overview of the challenges placed by the knowledge revolution on China in all these areas, see Dahlman and Aubert (2001).2 Knowledge has always been important for economic growth.The term knowledge economy was developed by the OECD in its 1996 publication on Employment and Jobs.For an application of this concept to China, see Dahlman and Aubert (2001).
Nickel and Cobalt Reagents Promote Selective Oxidation of Z-DNA (1999)

The structural characteristics of Z-DNA were used to challenge the selectivity of guanine oxidation promoted by nickel and cobalt reagents. Base pairing and stacking within all helical structures studied previously had hindered access to guanine and limited its reaction. However, the Z-helix uniquely retains high exposure of guanine N7. This exposure was sufficient to direct oxidation specifically to a plasmid insert -(CG)(13)AATT(CG)(13)- that adopted a Z-conformation under native supercoiling. An alternative insert -(CG)(7)- retained its B-conformation and demonstrated the expected lack of reactivity. For a nickel salen complex made from a particularly bulky ligand, preferential reaction shifted to the junctions within the Z-DNA insert as is common for large reagents. Inactivation of the nickel reagents by high-salt concentrations prevented parallel investigations of Z-DNA, formed by oligonucleotides. However, the activity of Co(2+) was minimally affected by salt and consequently confirmed the high reactivity of 5'-p(CG)(4) in its Z-conformation. These reagents may now be applied to a broad array of targets, since their structural specificity remains predictable for both complex and helical assemblies of nucleic acids.
Floorplan-Jigsaw: Jointly Estimating Scene Layout and Aligning Partial Scans (2019)

We present a novel approach to align partial 3D reconstructions which may not have substantial overlap. Using floorplan priors, our method jointly predicts a room layout and estimates the transformations from a set of partial 3D data. Unlike the existing methods relying on feature descriptors to establish correspondences, we exploit the 3D "box" structure of a typical room layout that meets the Manhattan World property. We first estimate a local layout for each partial scan separately and then combine these local layouts to form a globally aligned layout with loop closure. Without the requirement of feature matching, the proposed method enables some novel applications ranging from large or featureless scene reconstruction and modeling from sparse input. We validate our method quantitatively and qualitatively on real and synthetic scenes of various sizes and complexities. The evaluations and comparisons show superior effectiveness and accuracy of our method.
RESEARCH ARTICLE: Neurogenesis Impairment and Increased Cell Death Reduce Total Neuron Number in the Hippocampal Region of Fetuses with Down Syndrome (2008)

We previously obtained evidence for reduced cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus (DG) of fetuses with Down syndrome (DS), suggesting that the hippocampal hypoplasia seen in adulthood may be caused by defective early neuron production. The goal of this study was to establish whether DS fetuses (17-21 weeks of gestation) exhibit reduction in total cell number in the DG, hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus (PHG). Volumes of the cellular layers and cell number were estimated with Cavalieri's principle and the optical fractionator method, respectively. We found that in DS fetuses all investigated structures had a reduced volume and cell number. Analysis of cell phenotype showed that DS fetuses had a higher percentage of cells with astrocytic phenotype but a smaller percentage of cells with neuronal phenotype. Immunohistochemistry for Ki-67, a marker of cycling cells, showed that DS fetuses had less proliferating cells in the germinal zones of the hippocampus and PHG. We additionally found that in the hippocampal region of DS fetuses there was a higher incidence of apoptotic cell death. Results show reduced neuron number in the DS hippocampal region and suggest that this defect is caused by disruption of neurogenesis and apoptosis, two fundamental processes underlying brain building.
Establishing Best Practices and Guidance in Population Modeling: An Experience With an Internal Population Pharmacokinetic Analysis Guidance (2013)

This tutorial describes the development of a population pharmacokinetic (Pop PK) analysis guidance within Pfizer, which strives for improved consistency and efficiency, and a more systematic approach to model building. General recommendations from the Pfizer internal guidance and a suggested workflow for Pop PK model building are discussed. A description is also provided for mechanisms by which conflicting opinions were captured and resolved across the organization to arrive at the final guidance. CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology (2013) 2, e51; doi: 10.1038/psp.2013.26 ; advance online publication 3 July 2013
Long-term Follow-up of Survivors of Postcardiotomy Circulatory Support (1988)

Although it is now possible to obtain, with mechanical circulatory support devices, survival of postcardiotomy patients who develop profound cardiogenic shock, their long-term functional status has not been firmly established. We studied 22 patients who survived cardiac operations by the use of circulatory support devices. Their ages ranged from 3 days to 69 years at the time of device support. Operations performed were coronary artery bypass (9 pts), valve replacement (4 pts), congenital defect correction (8 pts), and cardiac transplantation (1 pt). Ten patients were supported with a Pierce-Donachy ventricular assist device (VAD) (left 4, right 3, both 3), nine with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and three with centrifugal pumps (left 2, both 1). Duration of support ranged from 22 to 189 hours (mean 84.4). There were four late deaths; two of the deaths were cardiac-related within 6 months and two were due to cancer at 46 and 53 months following discharge. The remaining 18 survivors were followed for 6 to 74 months (mean 29.9). Prior to operation three of the patients were New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class I, eight were Class II, six patients were Class III, and five were Class IV. Following discharge from the hospital 13 patients were Class I, two were Class II, and three were Class III; no patients were Class IV. Five patients work full-time, three are retired without limitation, four attend school, and three are pre-school. Only three patients suffer from moderate cardiac disability. These data suggest that patients surviving mechanical circulatory assistance for postoperative cardiogenic shock have an excellent chance for functional recovery.
Maximum a posteriori pitch tracking (1998)

A Maximum a posteriori framework for computing pitch tracks as well as voicing decisions is presented. The proposed algorithm consists of creating a time-pitch energy distribution based on predictable energy that improves on the normalized cross-correlation. A large database is used to evaluate the algorithm’s performance against two standard solutions, using glottal closure instants (GCI) obtained from electroglottogram (EGG) signals as a reference. The new MAP algorithm exhibits higher pitch accuracy and better voiced/unvoiced discrimination.
A Taxonomy of Electronic Funds Transfer Domain Intrusions and its Feasibility Converting into Ontology (2006)

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) in network security area has been researched for a long time. But till now, very few works concentrate on specific domains (e.g. bank systems, health services, audit industry) from a higher perspective-application level. In this paper, we give the result of our effort in this field i.e. a taxonomy of hazards in electronic funds transfer (EFT) domain is presented. In this taxonomy, characteristics and classifications of EFT threats are described, which can be benefited by domain IDS directly or can be updated into some form of ontology (e.g. OWL). For generality purpose, in building the taxonomy, we considered to use an EFT specification-Bank Internet Payment System (BIPS). After the taxonomy, we give our analysis of converting the taxonomy into ontology
Preparation of aligned Cu nanowires by room-temperature reduction of CuO nanowires in electron cyclotron resonance hydrogen plasma (2007)

Aligned Cu nanowires were prepared by the reduction of aligned CuO nanowires in electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) hydrogen plasma at room temperature. They are single-crystalline and maintain the original alignment of the CuO nanowires. In contrast, the reduction of CuO nanowires by thermal processing in H(2) has failed to produce the expected Cu nanowires because of morphological changes and the coalescence of newly formed Cu nanowires, leading to the formation of films consisting of micron-sized particles. The morphological changes and coalescence of Cu nanowires result from their low melting temperature. The reduction mechanism under ECR conditions has been discussed. The application of ECR plasma can effectively avoid the high temperature demand for CuO reduction when using the thermal processing method. This template-directed method assisted by ECR plasma can be extended for the transformation of other one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials at low temperature and low pressure.