gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Tomato Lipoxygenase D in Wound-Induced Jasmonate Biosynthesis and Plant Immunity to Insect Herbivores (2013)

In response to insect attack and mechanical wounding, plants activate the expression of genes involved in various defense-related processes. A fascinating feature of these inducible defenses is their occurrence both locally at the wounding site and systemically in undamaged leaves throughout the plant. Wound-inducible proteinase inhibitors (PIs) in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) provide an attractive model to understand the signal transduction events leading from localized injury to the systemic expression of defense-related genes. Among the identified intercellular molecules in regulating systemic wound response of tomato are the peptide signal systemin and the oxylipin signal jasmonic acid (JA). The systemin/JA signaling pathway provides a unique opportunity to investigate, in a single experimental system, the mechanism by which peptide and oxylipin signals interact to coordinate plant systemic immunity. Here we describe the characterization of the tomato suppressor of prosystemin-mediated responses8 (spr8) mutant, which was isolated as a suppressor of (pro)systemin-mediated signaling. spr8 plants exhibit a series of JA-dependent immune deficiencies, including the inability to express wound-responsive genes, abnormal development of glandular trichomes, and severely compromised resistance to cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera) and Botrytis cinerea. Map-based cloning studies demonstrate that the spr8 mutant phenotype results from a point mutation in the catalytic domain of TomLoxD, a chloroplast-localized lipoxygenase involved in JA biosynthesis. We present evidence that overexpression of TomLoxD leads to elevated wound-induced JA biosynthesis, increased expression of wound-responsive genes and, therefore, enhanced resistance to insect herbivory attack and necrotrophic pathogen infection. These results indicate that TomLoxD is involved in wound-induced JA biosynthesis and highlight the application potential of this gene for crop protection against insects and pathogens.
Electric Field-Driven Strategy for Multiplexed Detection of Protein Biomarkers Using a Disposable Reagentless Electrochemical Immunosensor Array (2008)

A fast, simple, sensitive, and low-cost method for electrochemical multianalyte immunoassay was developed by combining newly designed electric field-driven incubation with a screen-printed reagentless immunosensor array. The disposable array was prepared by immobilizing respectively horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled antibodies modified gold nanoparticles in biopolymer/sol-gel modified electrodes to obtain direct electrochemical responses of HRP. Upon the formation of immunocomplexes, the responses decreased due to increasing spatial blocking and impedance. At a driving potential of 0.5 V, the incubation process could be accomplished within 2 min. Under optimal conditions, this method could simultaneously detect carbohydrate antigens 153, 125, and 199 and carcinoembryonic antigens ranging from 0.084 to 16, 0.11 to 13, and 0.16 to 15 U mL(-1) and 0.16 to 9.2 ng mL(-1) with a detection time of less than 5 min, and the detection limits corresponding to the signals of 3SD were 0.06, 0.03, and 0.10 U mL(-1) and 0.04 ng mL(-1), respectively. The disposable immunosensor array and simple detection system for fast measurement of panels of tumor markers show significant clinical value for application in cancer screening and provide great potential for convenient point-of-care testing and commercial application.
Pharmacotherapy of Insomnia with Ramelteon: Safety, Efficacy and Clinical Applications (2011)

Ramelteon is a tricyclic synthetic analog of melatonin that acts specifically on MT1 and MT2 melatonin receptors. Ramelteon is the first melatonin receptor agonist approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of insomnia characterized by sleep onset difficulties. Ramelteon is both a chronobiotic and a hypnotic that has been shown to promote sleep initiation and maintenance in various preclinical and in clinical trials. The efficacy and safety of ramelteon in patients with chronic insomnia was initially confirmed in short-term placebo-controlled trials. These showed little evidence of next-day residual effects, withdrawal symptoms or rebound insomnia. Other studies indicated that ramelteon lacked abuse potential and had a minimal risk of producing dependence or adverse effects on cognitive or psychomotor performance. A 6-month placebo-controlled international study and a 1-year open-label study in the USA demonstrated that ramelteon was effective and well tolerated. Other potential off-label uses of ramelteon include circadian rhythm sleep disorders such as shift-work and jet lag. At the present time the drug should be cautiously prescribed for short-term treatment only.
Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers. XI. Polymerization and copolymerization of methyl ω‐epoxyundecanoate and characterization of the polymers (1985)

Abstract Methyl 10‐undecenoate was epoxidized in nearly quantitative yield with m ‐chloroperoxy‐benzoic acid to methyl 10,11‐epoxyundecanoate. The functional epoxide monomer was polymerized by the reaction product of triethylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0/0.5/1.0) to a high molecular weight elastomer having pendent carboxyl groups, and a molecular weight distribution near the most probable distribution. With the same initiator system, methyl 10,11‐epoxyundecanoate was copolymerized with ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, 1‐butene oxide, 1‐hexene oxide, phenyl glycidyl ether, epichlorohydrin, and 4,4,4‐trichloro‐1‐butene oxide. The copolymers were typically high in molecular weight, elastomeric, and had methyl 10,11‐epoxyundecanoate incorporations similar to the initial feed ratio of comonomers. The new family of functional polymers were characterized by their infrared and NMR spectra, dilute solution viscosity and thermal transitions.
Molecular Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence of DNA Complementary to Human Decidual Prolactin mRNA (1984)

Three human decidual prolactin (PRL) cDNA clones (pdPL-1:349 base pairs, pdPL-2:584 base pairs, pdPL-3:807 base pairs without poly(A) tract) were prepared and sequenced. The insert DNA of the largest clone pdPL-3 contained the coding region corresponding to 217 amino acid residues including 18 amino acid residues of the signal peptide, and 157 nucleotides of the 3'-untranslated region. A comparison of the pdPL-3 cDNA sequence with that of human pituitary PRL cDNA revealed 4 silent nucleotide differences. Two of the base changes occurred in the third position of the amino acid codons, and the other two occurred in the 3'-untranslated region. Therefore, the amino acid sequence of decidual PRL deduced from the nucleotide sequence of pdPL-3 was identical with that of pituitary PRL. Minor changes were also observed among the three PRL mRNAs: a silent change in the third codon in the translated region, and another change in the 3'-untranslated region. Southern blot hybridization of human cellular DNA with the pdPL-3 probe indicates that PRL gene may occur once per haploid genome. Therefore, these minor changes may reflect microheterogeneity of PRL gene. The existence of multiple poly(A)-adjacent sequences was shown in the three species of human decidual PRL mRNA and in human pituitary PRL mRNA. This variation may be due to heterogeneity in the processing at the 3' terminus of mRNA or the termination sites of the transcription.
An Efficient Mechanism for Searching Arabic Audio Libraries (2005)

In this paper we propose an approach that allows the user to query an Arabic audio library using voice. We use a combination of class-based language models and robust interpretation to recognize and identify the spoken keywords. The mechanism uses a large vocabulary recognition system (LVCSR) to implement the functionality of an Arabic authority control system. A series of experiments were performed to assess the accuracy and the robustness of the proposed approach: restricted grammar recognition with semantic interpretation, class-based statistical language models (CB-SLM) with robust interpretation, and generalized CB-SLM. The results have shown that the combination of CB-SLM and robust interpretation provides better accuracy and robustness than the traditional grammar-based parsing.
High-performance architectures for elementary function generation (2002)

High-speed elementary function generation is crucial to the performance of many DSP applications. This paper presents three new architectures for generating elementary functions with IEEE single precision using second-order interpolation. These designs have been developed through a combination of architectural innovations and algorithm developments. They represent a range of trade-off between the use of memory modules and computational circuits. Our most memory intensive architecture uses one third less memory than alternative schemes while incurring no time penalty and minimal additional circuitry.
Mapping of the S. demissum late blight resistance gene R8 to a new locus on chromosome IX (2011)

The use of resistant varieties is an important tool in the management of late blight, which threatens potato production worldwide. Clone MaR8 from the Mastenbroek differential set has strong resistance to Phytophthora infestans, the causal agent of late blight. The F1 progeny of a cross between the susceptible cultivar Concurrent and MaR8 were assessed for late blight resistance in field trials inoculated with an incompatible P. infestans isolate. A 1:1 segregation of resistance and susceptibility was observed, indicating that the resistance gene referred to as R8, is present in simplex in the tetraploid MaR8 clone. NBS profiling and successive marker sequence comparison to the potato and tomato genome draft sequences, suggested that the R8 gene is located on the long arm of chromosome IX and not on the short arm of chromosome XI as was suggested previously. Analysis of SSR, CAPS and SCAR markers confirmed that R8 was on the distal end of the long arm of chromosome IX. R gene cluster directed profiling markers CDP(Sw5)4 and CDP(Sw5)5 flanked the R8 gene at the distal end (1 cM). CDP(Tm2)1-1, CDP(Tm2)1-2 and CDP(Tm2)2 flanked the R8 gene on the proximal side (2 cM). An additional co-segregating marker (CDP(Hero)3) was found, which will be useful for marker assisted breeding and map based cloning of R8.
Magnetomotive nanoparticle transducers for optical rheology of viscoelastic materials (2009)

The availability of a real-time non-destructive modality to interrogate the mechanical properties of viscoelastic materials would facilitate many new investigations. We introduce a new optical method for measuring elastic properties of samples which employs magnetite nanoparticles as perturbative agents. Magnetic nanoparticles distributed in silicone-based samples are displaced upon probing with a small external magnetic field gradient and depth-resolved optical coherence phase shifts allow for the tracking of scatterers in the sample with nanometer-scale sensitivity. The scatterers undergo underdamped oscillations when the magnetic field is applied step-wise, allowing for the measurement of the natural frequencies of oscillation of the samples. Validation of the measurements is accomplished using a commercial indentation apparatus to determine the elastic moduli of the samples. This real-time non-destructive technique constitutes a novel way of probing the natural frequencies of viscoelastic materials in which magnetic nanoparticles can be introduced.
(Continuous casting 1985) (1985)

The report covers the Continuous Casting '85 Conference including informal discussions with conference attendees. In general, the papers presented at the conference concerned an overview of continuous steel casting worldwide, state-of-the-art aspects of steel continuous casting technology including caster startup problems, modifications, control system strategies, energy use profiles, quality control aspects, steel chemistry control, refractories, operational aspects of continuous casters, etc. No papers were presented in the development of thin section or thin strip casting of steel. Informal discussions were held with several conference attendees including (1) Bernard Trentini, Executive Director of the Association Technique De La Siderurgie Francaise in Paris, France (similar to the American Iron and Steel Institute); (2) Dr. Wolfgang Reichelt and Dr. Peter Voss-Spilker both of Mannesmann Demag Huttentechnik -a continuous casting and other steel making machine builder in-lieu of meeting at their plant in Duisburg, FRG on May 31; (3) Ewan C. Hewitt of Devote McKee Corp., Sheffield, England; (4) Wilfried Heinemann, head of R D Dept. at Concast Standard AG in Zurich, Switzerland; and (5) Hideo Ueno, engineer of melting section, Mitsubishi Steel Mfg. Co. Ltd, Tokyo Japan. A visit was made to the Teesside Laboratories of British Steel Corp. for discussions of their thin section casting research program in particular and R D program in general.
Activation of Cyclo-Olefine Polymer Surface for the Promotion of Palladium Adsorption Based on the Oxygen-Amprified Vacuum Ultra-Violet Process (2013)

A photochemical process was applied to form an active surface layer on cyclo-olefine polymer (COP) for improved immobilization of palladium. A Xe excimer lamp irradiating vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light of 172 nm wavelength was used as a light source for surface modification. COP samples placed in dry air with atmospheric pressure were irradiated with VUV light. Because of the dissociative excitation of oxygen molecules, atomic oxygen species were generated along with ozone molecules formed through the following chemical reactions of the oxygen atoms. These active oxygen species served as oxidants for COP surface modification. Based on VUV photochemistry assisted with oxygen, known as the oxygen-amplified VUV process, an oxidized COP layer with thickness of several tens of nanometers was formed on each COP sample. The layer, which contained highly concentrated hydrophilic functional groups such as -OH, -CHO, and -COOH, functioned as an adsorbing site for palladium catalysts. Consequently, this technique has been found to be effective as a pre-treatment of Ni-P electroless plating. Electroless Ni films with sufficient adhesion to pass the cross-cut tape test were deposited on the VUV-modified COP substrates. Direct patterning without photolithography has been demonstrated for fabricated Ni micropatterns.
Ca<sup>2 +</sup>‐mobilizing hormones elicit phosphatidylethanol accumulation via phospholipase D activation (1987)

Vasopressin, angiotensin II and epinephrine elicited the accumulation of phosphatidylethanol in rat hepatocytes exposed to ethanol and of phosphatidate in the absence of ethanol. When isolated liver plasma membranes were exposed to ethanol, GTP gamma S stimulated the production of phosphatidylethanol whereas phosphatidate was formed in the absence of ethanol. With increasing ethanol concentrations, phosphatidate formation declined whereas phosphatidylethanol production increased. These findings suggest that rat hepatocytes possess a hormone-dependent phospholipase D activity that can also catalyze the formation of phosphatidylethanol.
A Reliability Test Method for "One-Shot" Items (1963)

As a result of many reliability problems which have plagued procuring agencies in the missile and space programs, increased emphasis has been placed on the development of improved reliability demonstration test methods. In this connection, the Army has advocated increased use of the "test-to-failure" concept to establish the existence of satisfactory margins of reliability with respect to critical factors. This philosophy has the advantage in that statistical statements can be made regarding reliability on the basis of relatively small samples. This paper will discuss the application of this general concept to a particular class of hardware.
Investigation of Light Tar Cracking in a Gliding Arc Plasma System (2010)

Utilization of biomass gasification technology is not widely adopted due largely to tars contained in the product gas that pose serious problems, especially in engine use. In this paper, a laboratory scale plasma system for light tar cracking was developed. The system was based on non-equilibrium plasmas generated from two gliding arc plasma in series. Light tar components were represented by naphthalene in nitrogen flow, generated at constant rates between 130  690 mg/m3. Destruction efficiency and specific energy use were evaluated. It was found that destruction efficiency in the range of 70  95% could be achieved with a simple, single stage reactor. Plasma assisted tar decomposition was found to increase with applied electrical energy. Complete destruction (>99%) of light tars was obtained with the two-stage, gliding arc plasma system with applied electrical energy of about 1.8  2.9 kWh/m3.
<title>Pulsed erbium-doped fiber source using double-pass amplifier and a pulsed laser diode</title> (1996)

A pulsed erbium-doped fiber source featuring a low-power laser diode and a fiber amplifier with internal spectral filtering is presented. This structure provides greater versatility than Q-switched fiber lasers and pulses of 180 W with 7 ns FWHM have been obtained. Applications include range finding and remote sensing.
Retinoid receptor antisense DNAs inhibit alkaline phosphatase induction and clonogenicity in malignant keratinocytes. (1989)

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides [oligo(dN)s] corresponding to human cellular retinol-binding protein I (cRBP) and human nuclear retinoic acid receptor alpha (hnRAR) were synthesized. Exposure of human malignant keratinocytes to these oligo(dN)s significantly attenuated the level of cytoplasmic cRBP and hnRAR in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Further, the induction of alkaline phosphatase by retinol in these cells was blocked by treatment with 30 microM antisense oligo(dN) to cRBP or hnRAR but not by 30 microM of sense oligo(dN) to cRBP. Antisense oligo(dN) treatments concomitantly induced cell rounding, loss of cell-cell attachment, and cell adhesion to the substratum. By contrast, treatment of cells with an anticytokinetic agent, cytochalasin B, or with a cytostatic concentration of sodium azide failed to reduce cytoplasmic cRBP or hnRAR from nuclear extracts, even though antisense oligo(dN)-like changes in cell morphology were observed. Treatment of the cells for greater than 2.75 hr with 20-40 microM of either antisense oligo(dN) also led to the loss of clonogenic potential. These results show that both cytoplasmic and nuclear receptors for retinoids are important in the transduction of a retinoid signal response critical to cellular growth and differentiation. Our findings also suggest that defined genes, which are specified by retinoids and their receptors, may account for the pleiotropic effect of vitamin A compounds.
Analysis of the traveling-wave transistor (1969)

108 pages c. I 1.87·13:1 Transmission lines containing independent and dependent distributed sources are considered and the transfer matrices of various active distributed lines are derived. A method is discussed by which a lossy line can be made lossless by the appropriate choice of distributed sources. A steady-state analysis of the uniform traveling wave transistor is given. Considering the device as an active four port network, the transfer matrix is found in closed form and the power gain, output voltage, and input impedance are found. A computer program is written and the frequency response is given for various values of line parameters and terminations. Finally, the analysis is repeated for the exponential traveling wave transistor where the parameters of the device are exponential functions of the space variable x. ii iii
Esophageal cytology and subsequent risk of esophageal cancer. A prospective follow-up study from Linxian, China. (1994)

This paper reports a 15-year follow-up study of 12,693 persons in Linxian, China, who were originally screened by esophageal balloon cytology in 1974. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the ability of esophageal balloon cytology to identify individuals at increased risk for developing esophageal cancer. Age, sex and cytologic diagnoses were obtained from the original 1974 records, and information on vital status, cancer experience and potential confounding risk factors was collected from interviews and medical abstracts in 1989. A total of 1,162 incident cases of esophageal cancer and 993 deaths due to esophageal cancer were identified and used in this analysis. The follow-up study showed that the risk of esophageal cancer incidence and mortality increased in parallel with the presumed severity of the 1974 Chinese cytologic diagnoses. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the relative risks (and 95% confidence intervals) for esophageal cancer incidence, by cytologic diagnosis, were: normal, 1.00; esophagitis, 1.52 (1.07-2.14); hyperplasia, 1.17 (1.02-1.33); dysplasia 1, 1.53 (1.10-2.14); dysplasia 2, 1.89 (1.47-2.41); and suspicious for cancer, 5.77 (3.79-8.80). These results suggest that esophageal balloon cytology, as performed and interpreted in Linxian in 1974, successfully identified individuals at increased risk for esophageal cancer.
P5.3 - Architecture of an Integrated AMR Current Sensor (IACS) System for a Wide Range of Automotive Applications (2011)

As an alternative or a replacement for Hall-sensors, AMR-based sensors are increasingly entering the field of angular and linear position measurement, as well as current measurement. For current measurement, Hall-effect based sensors normally are utilizing an iron core to concentrate the magnetic field lines to the sensor area. This flux concentrator typically encloses the primary current line, with the Hall-element placed in the air-gap of the flux concentrator. This construction leads to a perpendicular orientation of the concentrated magnetic field lines to the sensor surface, and by this method to a sufficient signal. Hall-based systems without flux concentrator do need a primary current line inside their housing to enable the now needed small distance between Hall-element and current line to achieve a sufficient signal. The necessary small distance on one hand decreases the dielectric strength of those products, on the other hand the fix cross section of the integrated primary current line determines the maximal allowed current. The bandwidth range of Hall-effect based current sensors is typically 50 to 150 kHz. In general, to cover different ranges of current, different products are needed. The described AMR-based current sensor exhibits no hysteresis as observed in iron core based Hall-sensor solutions. Due to the high sensitivity of AMR sensors, a flux concentrator is not necessary. It is designed for high resolution and very fast electronic measurement from DC up to 500kHz AC. Contrary to Hall-effect based sensors, the described system enables a differential magnetic field measurement by an advanced geometry of the magnetoresistive elements. Due to this construction the sensor is immune to homogeneous interference fields. By variation of the geometry of the external primary current bar, this system can be adapted to different current ranges and applications. With this, only one system is needed for a wide range of applications. The system accuracy can be improved by using either the internal or an external reference voltage. This further reduces temperature drift, and several sensors can share the same reference voltage. The adjustable over-current detection enables fast response in overload situations to prevent damage to e.g. power units.