gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC REACTIONS. SULFENYLATIONS AND DEHYDROSULFENYLATIONS OF ESTERS AND KETONES (1976)

Abstract Die Enolate von Ketonen bzw. Estern wie z.B. (I) werden mit den Disul‐ ?den (II) unter Bildung entsprechender Produkte wie (III) in α‐Stellung sulfenyliert [eingehende Untersuchung der Regio‐ und Chemospezifität dieser Reaktion]; Oxidation von (III) zu entsprechenden Sulfoxiden (IV) und nachfolgende Thermolyse [im Falle der Phenylsulfoxide normalerweise bei 50°C, im Falle der Methylsulfoxide normalerweise bei 110°C ] führen zu ogß‐ungesättigten Carbonylverbindungen wie (V) mechanistische Interpretation dieser Reaktion)′.
Sutureless Liver Repair and Hemorrhage Control Using Laser-Mediated Fusion of Human Albumin as a Solder (2001)

This modality effectively seals the liver surface, joins lacerations with minimal thermal injury, and works independently of the patient's coagulation status.
Recursive and Dynamic Software Composition with Sharing (2002)

this paper, we introduce a component model which fares better along the two above dimensions than its predecessors. In particular, it includes a combination of sharing, hierarchy, and an open approach to component composition and binding which we believe to be novel. The paper is organised as follows. Section 2 gathers crucial requirements we identify on a general component model for distributed configurable systems. Section 3 introduces the Fractal model, our proposal for such a general component model. Section 4 introduces a software that we have developed to support the Fractal model and support the programming of Fractal components and systems in Java. Section 5 briefly reports on a first implementation of the Fractal framework. Section 6 concludes the paper
Exosomal microRNA Signatures in the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Abstract : Our original goal was to correlate exosomal miRNA profiles within circulating tumor-derived exosomes with cancer diagnosis, characterization of circulating tumor-derived vesicles and development of methodology for their specific isolation were essential for specific analyses of tumor-derived exosomal cargoes. Our discovery of exosomal microRNA in cancer patients focused on miRNAs, previously demonstrated in tumor biopsies or ovarian tumor cells. We have observed that while some miRNAs that are up-regulated with the tumor or also up-regulated in their exosomes, some tumor-up-regulated miRNAs are not up-regulated within exosomes. Further, certain miRNAs down-regulated within the tumor are up-regulated in exosomes. We demonstrate that miRNA signatures derived from ovarian tumor exosomes exhibit some miRNAs that are undetectable within the tumor. These findings demonstrate the highly selective nature of miRNA packaging. Although the exosomal miRNA signatures for ovarian cancer patients appear to be similar regardless of stage, significant differences among early (Stage I and II) and late stage (Stage III) ovarian cancer were demonstrated: increase expression level and elevated expression of three specific miRNAs within exosomes. Exosomes from ovarian cancer patients were demonstrated to possess elevated levels of RNA, including the presence of specific long-noncoding RNA.
THE ENTROPIES OF IONS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION: I. DEPENDENCE ON CHARGE AND RADIUS (1956)

Empirical equations recently proposed for the entropies of ions in aqueous solution involve a linear dependence on the first power of the valency z and, in some cases, an inverse dependence on the square of a modified radius. Such relationships have no fundamental validity since the entropies are related arbitrarily to a zero value for the proton. It is shown that the entropy changes for reactions of various ionic types indicate that the entropy must depend on z 2 , as proposed by Born on the basis of simple electrostatic theory. When the entropies of monatomic ions are related to the absolute scale, in which the proton has a value of −5.5 e.u., they are found to vary linearly with z 2 /r u , where r u is the univalent radius defined by Pauling. The slope is found to be close to that predicted by the Born equation, and the non-electrostatic part of the entropy is shown to correspond to the movement of the ion in a free volume of 0.73 eu. Å.
Piezoelectric-based in-situ damage detection of composite materials for structural health monitoring systems (2002)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2002.
Mechanism for alternating access in neurotransmitter transporters (2008)

Crystal structures of LeuT, a bacterial homologue of mammalian neurotransmitter transporters, show a molecule of bound substrate that is essentially exposed to the extracellular space but occluded from the cytoplasm. Thus, there must exist an alternate conformation for LeuT in which the substrate is accessible to the cytoplasm and a corresponding mechanism that switches accessibility from one side of the membrane to the other. Here, we identify the cytoplasmic accessibility pathway of the alternate conformation in a mammalian serotonin transporter (SERT) (a member of the same transporter family as LeuT). We also propose a model for the cytoplasmic-facing state that exploits the internal pseudosymmetry observed in the crystal structure. LeuT contains two structurally similar repeats (TMs1-5 and TMs 6-10) that are inverted with respect to the plane of the membrane. The conformational differences between them result in the formation of the extracellular pathway. Our model for the cytoplasm-facing state exchanges the conformations of the two repeats and thus exposes the substrate and ion-binding sites to the cytoplasm. The conformational change that connects the two states primarily involves the tilting of a 4-helix bundle composed of transmembrane helices 1, 2, 6, and 7. Switching the tilt angle of this bundle is essentially equivalent to switching the conformation of the two repeats. Extensive mutagenesis of SERT and accessibility measurements, using cysteine reagents, are accommodated by our model. These observations may be of relevance to other transporter families, many of which contain internal inverted repeats.
Coding optimization for the absolute optical rotary encoder (2018)

Precise positioning system is assuming increasing importance. One of Implementation is an optical rotary encoder system which is composed of a fixed light source, a group of photodetectors, and a coding disc. In fact, position resolution is affected with a permutation of coding on the disc. Unstable dc voltage was found from an analog signal transmitted by photoelectric detectors. Setting up a threshold voltage for digital binarization become difficult in this case.In this paper, the limitations, characteristics and operation mode of coding on the disc operation mode arrangement rules of coding on the disc was observed. After collecting the relevant literature, the mathematical sequence named De Bruijn sequence which matches to the arrangement of the above rules and restrictions was found. The desired requirements are summarized and used to filter out the best solution in all solution sets with the designed algorithm. Finally, the characteristics of new and old solutions are compared and discussed.
Neural Attentive Session-based Recommendation (2017)

Given e-commerce scenarios that user profiles are invisible, session-based recommendation is proposed to generate recommendation results from short sessions. Previous work only considers the user's sequential behavior in the current session, whereas the user's main purpose in the current session is not emphasized. In this paper, we propose a novel neural networks framework, i.e., Neural Attentive Recommendation Machine (NARM), to tackle this problem. Specifically, we explore a hybrid encoder with an attention mechanism to model the user's sequential behavior and capture the user's main purpose in the current session, which are combined as a unified session representation later. We then compute the recommendation scores for each candidate item with a bi-linear matching scheme based on this unified session representation. We train NARM by jointly learning the item and session representations as well as their matchings. We carried out extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets. Our experimental results show that NARM outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on both datasets. Furthermore, we also find that NARM achieves a significant improvement on long sessions, which demonstrates its advantages in modeling the user's sequential behavior and main purpose simultaneously.
A new catalytic cracking process (1985)

New olefin plants need be capable of processing the most economical feedstock with flexibility, high conversions and good energy savings. Toyo Engineering Corp. has developed a new steam reforming process (THR process) since 1967. The 600 kg/h demonstration plant for the production of purified hydrogen from vacuum residue was constructed, and has been started up this spring. The technical basis of the THR process is the newly developed catalyst T-12. Although T-12 has been developed as a steam reforming catalyst, the basic tests on steam reforming using T-12 have shown that the catalyst is effective in producing olefins from various hydrocarbons, even at higher pressures than those in conventional processes. This article describes the results of bench tests on catalytic cracking using T-12.
Prosthesis Failure Within 2 Years of Implantation Is Highly Predictive of Infection (2013)

PJI should be considered in all revisions performed within 2 years of implantation even in the absence of clinical or laboratory findings suggestive for infection. However, the growth of low-virulence microorganisms below the cut-off in revisions for apparent aseptic loosening is not associated with early prosthesis failure.
Air to Air Turbocharged Air Cooling Versus Air-to-Water Turbocharged Air Cooling (1984)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In Europe, turbocharged air in diesel engines used in on-road vehicles is cooled only by air. It is expected that by 1990, ten to twelve percent of European heavy trucks with diesel engines will cool turbocharged air by water. Air-to-air turbocharged air cooling is reviewed and the evolution of air-to-water turbocharged air cooling presented before the two systems are compared.</div>
Towards third generation matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors for cancer therapy (2006)

The failure of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor drug clinical trials in cancer was partly due to the inadvertent inhibition of MMP antitargets that counterbalanced the benefits of MMP target inhibition. We explore how MMP inhibitor drugs might be developed to achieve potent selectivity for validated MMP targets yet therapeutically spare MMP antitargets that are critical in host protection.
Packet data over cellular networks: the CDPD approach (1999)

Cellular digital packet data is a mobile packet data technology that operates on the spectrum assigned to a telephone cellular network, such as the Advanced Mobile Phone Service. This article undertakes a thorough survey of the CDPD radio interface and explores the main functional layers of this interface. Specifically, it extensively studies the physical layer, the data link layer, and the subnetwork-dependent convergence protocol, and explains their semantics and functional characteristics. Furthermore, it emphasizes several significant aspects such as the medium access procedure, the forward and reverse channel configurations, the data multiplexing scheme, and the channel hopping procedure.
Injectable Intraocular Lens Materials Based upon Hydrogels (2001)

The possibilities to develop an injectable hydrogel lens were investigated. Aqueous solutions of reactive polymers in combination with a water-soluble blue light photoinitiator were transformed into hydrogels by irradiation with blue light. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylates (PEGDA) with low molecular weights and an acrylate modified copolymer of N-vinylpyrrolidone and vinyl alcohol with a high molecular weight were used as reactive polymers. A copolymer of (4-vinyl-2,6-dimethylbenzoyl)diphenylphosphine oxide and dimethylacrylamide was used as a water-soluble blue light photoinitiator. PEGDA showed high reactivity and the hydrogels were more transparent than the natural lens. The mass loss and the additional swelling of the hydrogel were 1.0 and 4.0%, respectively. The refractive index of these hydrogels was 1.40, lower than that of natural lens. The viscosity of the solutions before cross-linking was too low for injection into the capsular bag. Hydrogels based upon the copolymer had a transmission comparable to a 25-year-old natural lens. The materials showed no mass loss and the additional swelling after curing was less than 1%. The refractive index was comparable to that of the natural lens (1.42). The viscosity of the polymer solutions was sufficient for injection into the capsular bag without leakage.
1,3-Diaryltriazenes: a new class of anorectic agents (1983)

A series of substituted 1,3-diaryltriazenes has been synthesized and tested for anorectic activity. Several members of the series were effective; one compound, 1,3-bis[2-cyano-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]triazene, was particularly active, causing weight loss in rats, dogs, and squirrel monkeys. It was devoid of overt central nervous system activity, and compared to previously reported biologically active triazenes, it was relatively nontoxic up to 30 days of drug administration.
Torque Transmission Characteristics of the Press Fit Joint Between the Aluminum Shaft and Steel Ring with Small Teeth (2011)

Hybrid or aluminum tube structure requires reliable joining of the shaft to other components such as steel yoke and universal joint, which is often the most difficult task. Therefore, a reliable joining method between the aluminum tube and the steel yoke of a hybrid composite propeller shaft for automobile is required. In this work a press fitting method for joining of an aluminum tube to an aluminum yoke is devised by a steel ring with many small teeth to increase reliability as well as to reduce manufacturing cost of the hybrid propeller shaft rather than using other joining methods such as adhesively bonded or welded joints. The optimal shape and number of teeth of the steel ring were obtained experimentally for the maximum static torque capabilities and fatigue characteristics of the press fit joint, and was compared to the finite element analysis results. Finally, a design guideline for the press fit joint using a steel ring with many small teeth for joining the aluminum shaft to the steel ring was suggested. With the developed press fit joint, the static average shear strength of 70 MPa and fatigue strength of 21 MPa between the aluminum tube and the steel ring were realized, which were almost three times higher than that of the adhesively bonded joint.
Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Esters Using Heterogeneous Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>–N@C Catalysts under Mild Conditions (2013)

Novel cobalt-based heterogeneous catalysts have been developed for the direct oxidative esterification of alcohols using molecular oxygen as benign oxidant. Pyrolysis of nitrogen-ligated cobalt(II) acetate supported on commercial carbon transforms typical homogeneous complexes to highly active and selective heterogeneous Co3O4-N@C materials. By applying these catalysts in the presence of oxygen, the cross and self-esterification of alcohols to esters proceeds in good to excellent yields.
Design criteria for concentration optimization in scaling diode end-pumped lasers to high powers: influence of thermal fracture (1999)

A systematic investigation of a series of Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystals with different dopant concentrations is conducted to scale the performance of diode-end-pumped lasers to higher powers. From the theoretical analysis, the fracture-limited pump power is expressed as a function of the thermal shock parameter, fractional thermal loading, and the absorption coefficient. The thermal shock parameter of Nd:YVO/sub 4/ crystals is determined from the laser experiments. Using the thermal shock parameter and the space-rate-equation model, we calculate the maximum output power in Nd:WO/sub 4/ crystals at the optimum pump condition as a function of the dopant concentration. The theoretical calculations are in good agreement with the experimental results. The influence of lowering the absorption coefficient on the TEM/sub 00/ output efficiency is also studied through the overlapping integral.
Role of glycosylation in nucleating protein folding and stability (2017)

Glycosylation constitutes one of the most common, ubiquitous and complex forms of post-translational modification. It commences with the synthesis of the protein and plays a significant role in deciding its folded state, oligomerization and thus its function. Recent studies have demonstrated that N-linked glycans help proteins to fold as the stability and folding kinetics are altered with the removal of the glycans from them. Several studies have shown that it alters not only the thermodynamic stability but also the structural features of the folded proteins modulating their interactions and functions. Their inhibition and perturbations have been implicated in diseases from diabetes to degenerative disorders. The intent of this review is to provide insight into the recent advancements in the general understanding on the aspect of glycosylation driven stability of proteins that is imperative to their function and finally their role in health and disease states.
Compressibility of Paniculate Structures in Relation to Thickening, Filtration, and Expression—A Review (1987)

Abstract Compressibility of cakes is basic to separation of solids from slurries. Cake compression is caused by collapsing, particulate structures in which particles are forced into existing voids. Stresses causing the collapse arise from unbuoyed weight of solids in thickeners, radial acceleration in centrifuges, frictional pressure drop in filters, and mechanical forces in press belts and membrane actuated filters. Compressibility is a function of particle size and shape and the degree of aggregation. Flow through very compressible cakes produces a highly non-uniform structure with a tight skin of low porosity next to the supporting medium. This skin leads to adverse effects in which increasing filter pressure has little effect on flow rate or average porosity. Similarly increasing the squeezing pressure indefinitely in expression has little effect upon the rate of removal of liquid.
26.1 A 4.5mm<sup>2</sup> Multimodal Biosensing SoC for PPG, ECG, BIOZ and GSR Acquisition in Consumer Wearable Devices (2020)

Recently, biosensors have become widely deployed in consumer wearable devices, e.g., smart watches and wrist bands, to track user health conditions during sport, sleep, and daily activity. However, unlike biosignal acquisition in well-controlled medical settings, signal acquisition in consumer devices inevitably suffers from degraded signal quality due to poor sensor interfaces, motion artifacts, and environmental interferences, such as ambient light and power-line coupling, which can be >60dB stronger than the wanted signals. These challenges result in demanding AFE specifications, even under tight constraints on sensor area, chip size, and battery capacity, which are all necessary for wearable devices. This paper presents a multimodal biosensing SoC that addresses these issues to enable reliable Photoplethysmography (PPG), Electrocardiography (ECG), and Bio-impedance (BIOZ) acquisition under highly variable conditions in wearable devices. It contains a 130dB-DR PPG readout, which is 11dB higher than the state of the art [1], to tolerate strong ambient light; an ECG AFE with a pseudo Right-Leg-Drive (RLD) tolerant of >130V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PP</sub> common-mode interference (CMI) from power-line coupling, which is 3× higher than the technique presented in [2]; and a BIOZ AFE for body-fat measurement using 1cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> electrodes rather than the typically >10cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> electrodes in conventional body-fat meters. The area for the entire PPG/ECG/BIOZ AFE is ~3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is around 50% smaller than prior AFEs with similar features [3], [4].
Predicting Aberrant Behaviors in Opioid-Treated Patients: Preliminary Validation of the Opioid Risk Tool (2005)

In a preliminary study, among patients prescribed opioids for chronic pain, the ORT exhibited a high degree of sensitivity and specificity for determining which individuals are at risk for opioid-related, aberrant behaviors. Further studies in a variety of pain and nonpain settings are needed to determine the ORT's universal applicability.
Construction of Carotenoid Biosynthetic Pathways Through Chromosomal Integration in Methane-Utilizing Bacterium Methylomonas sp. Strain 16a (2012)

Methylomonas sp. strain 16a is an obligate methanotrophic bacterium that uses methane or methanol as the sole energy and carbon source. In order to engineer a stable strain to produce carotenoids, integration of genes or gene clusters in various nonessential locations in the chromosome is used. Construction of a canthaxanthin-producing strain involves the integration of canthaxanthin biosynthetic genes including the crtW gene for the β-carotenoid ketolase. Addition of the crtZ gene that encodes the β-carotenoid hydroxylase in this strain leads to the production of astaxanthin. Further increase in titer and yield for astaxanthin is obtained by integration of another set of astaxanthin biosynthetic gene cluster in a separate location of the chromosome.
What ICA Provides for ECG Processing: Application to Noninvasive Fetal ECG Extraction (2006)

In recent studies, independent component analysis (ICA) has been used for the analysis of multi-channel ECG recordings. However most of these works have been carried out from the signal processing perspective. In this work, the single dipole vector theory of the heart and the ECG dimensionality are studied from the source separation viewpoint. Based on this study, the interpretation of the components extracted from multi-channel ECG and maternal abdominal recordings, and their relationship with the vectorcardiogram representation of the cardiac dipole are presented. The results of this study can be used for the extraction of meaningful clinical indexes, based on ICA techniques