gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental Cell Transplantation Therapy in Rat Myocardial Infarction Model Including Nude Rat Preparation (2010)

As a novel potential therapeutic strategy for cardiac disease, cell transplantation therapy has been extensively investigated in experimental studies and clinical trials. Although encouraging results have been demonstrated, a number of critical questions still remain to be answered. For example, what kind of stem cell and how many cells should be used; what is the best time for cell transplantation after acute myocardial infarction; which delivery approach is better, intravenous injection or direct intramyocardial injection? Transplantation of cells derived from human tissues into experimental animals may elicit an immune rejection. Immunodeficient nude rats provide a useful myocardial infarction model for cell transplantation therapy studies. We introduce our detailed methods of direct intramyocardial injection of immature heart cells and stem cells into the myocardial infarction region of rats and nude rats. Careful maintenance under aseptic conditions and proper surgical technique are essential to improve the survival of immunodeficient rats after surgery.
PMOS Hole Mobility Enhancement Through SiGe Conductive Channel and Highly Compressive ILD- $\hbox{SiN}_{x}$ Stressing Layer (2008)

In this letter, the SiGe-channel PMOS transistors integrated with a highly compressive contact-etching stop-layer (CESL) interlayer-dielectric-SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> stressing layer have been successfully fabricated. The performance improvements of devices with a gate length ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L<sub>g</sub> </i> )of down to 40 nm were studied. For long-channel SiGe-channel PMOS, the mobility is at least 50% higher than that of the conventional bulk-Si PMOS. Moreover, compared to the conventional short-channel SiGe-channel devices, the highly compressive CESL stressor shows 32% current gain for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L<sub>g</sub> </i> = 40 nm PMOS with the thinnest 9 A Si-cap. Therefore, integrating the stressed CESL technique into the SiGe-channel structure is an efficient method for improving PMOS device performance.
Prediction of in vitro fertilization outcome at different antral follicle count thresholds combined with female age, female cause of infertility, and ovarian response in a prospective cohort of 8269 women (2019)

Antral follicle count (AFC) has been widely investigated for the prediction of clinical pregnancy or live birth. This study discussed the effects of AFC quartile levels on pregnancy outcomes combined with female age, female cause of infertility, and ovarian response undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. At present, many research about AFC mainly discuss its impact on clinical practice at different thresholds, or the analyses of AFC with respect to assisted reproductive technology outcomes under using different ovarian stimulation protocols. Factors that include ovarian sensitivity index, female age, and infertility cause are all independent predictors of live birth undergoing IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection, while few researchers discussed influence of female-related factors for clinical outcomes in different AFC fields.A total of 8269 infertile women who were stimulated with a long protocol with normal menstrual cycles were enrolled in the study, and patients were categorized into 4 groups based on AFC quartiles (1-8, 9-12, 13-17, and ≥18 antral follicles).The clinical pregnancy rates increased in the 4 AFC groups (28.25% vs 35.38% vs 37.38% vs 40.13%), and there was a negative association between age and the 4 AFC groups. In addition, female cause of infertility like polycystic ovary syndrome, Tubal factor, and other causes had great significance on clinical outcome, and ovarian response in medium (9-16 oocytes retrieved) had the highest clinical pregnancy rate at AFC quartiles of 1 to 8, 9 to 12, 13 to 17, and ≥18 antral follicles.This study concludes that the female-related parameters (female cause of infertility, female age, and ovarian response) combined with AFC can be useful to estimate the probability of clinical pregnancy.
Hyperthyroidism impairs early repair in normal but not dystrophic <i>mdx</i> mouse tibialis anterior muscle. An in vivo study (1996)

The effect of hyperthyroidism on muscle repair was examined in mdx and control mice injected with triiodothyronine (T3) for 4 weeks. On day 24 of treatment, the right tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was crush-injured; 3 days later, mice received intraperitoneal [3H]thymidine to label newly synthesized DNA. One day later, muscles from both limbs were removed to study the severity of dystrophy (uncrushed muscle) and the regeneration response (crushed muscle). In uncrushed TA muscle, the area of active dystrophy (fiber damage and infiltration as a proportion of muscle cross-sectional area) was reduced by half after T3 treatment. Uncrushed muscle fiber diameter was lower in T3-treated control muscles. In crushed muscles, the diameter of new myotubes was larger in mdx mice than in controls and was reduced after T3 treatment in control regenerating muscle. In the same muscles, developmental myosin heavy chain was present in new myotubes and in small numbers of mononuclear cells (possibly differentiating myoblasts) near new myotubes and surviving fibers. Myotube density in the regenerating muscles was not changed by T3 treatment, although the number of myotube nuclei per field was decreased in control and increased in mdx T3-treated mice. Results extend previous reports of T3 effects on dystrophy and the strain difference in muscle precursor cell (mpc) proliferation. The results also suggest the hypothesis that excess T3 affects muscle regeneration either by reducing mpc proliferation or by increasing mpc fusion early in regeneration in control and mdx muscle.
Technique of Cervical Interbody Fusion (1984)

A dovetail autogeneic graft is demonstrated for anterior interbody fusion of the cervical spine for degenerated or protruded intervertebral discs. The method is applicable for one or more levels and has been successfully combined with vertebral body resection for metastatic tumors and trauma. The procedure provides secure initial interbody immobilization and prevents interbody collapse. None of the 58 cases had grafts slip from their original position. The union rate has been 100%.
Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate adhesive for skin closure: eight years experience. (2015)

Octyl-2-cyanoacrylate is a valuable aid for ensuring the success of surgery by reducing surgical site infections. The use of octyl-2-cyanoacrylate is easy, guarantying a major superficial protection without relevant contraindications and with evident saving of time and resources.
Adaptive Control, Learning, and Cost-Effective Sensor Systems for Robotics or Advanced Automation Systems. (1985)

The hypothesis of this grant is that the non-deterministic class of problems is amenable to the techniques and methodologies of control system engineering a discipline which provides a tractable approach for addressing the issues for intelligent systems with cost effectiveness and performance optimality. The objectives of this grant are: (a) To explore the use of adaptive-learning control systems to complex processes or engineering-based expert systems to an inspecton type task. Both types of tasks which are usually performed by humans involve modeling and control or automatic data interpretation in the presence of noisy data with incomplete and time-varying models. (b) To determine the relevance of these approaches to research on intelligent robotic systems. (c) To determine a focus for testing these theories both analytically and experimentally if possible.
Simulation of weathering fur (2009)

Till now, the weathering effect on fur has rarely been investigated and the topic is challenging in computer graphics. In the paper, a novel approach is proposed for simulating the weathering fur represented in texel structure. By the approach, on the one hand, dusty effect is simulated by volumetric γ-ton tracing method, as an extension to the traditional γ-ton method. On the other hand, time-varying geometry deformation is achieved on volumetric structure through an intermediate representation of dynamic point based structure. Additionally, Perlin noise function is employed for generating more natural result. The approach proposed can be efficiently employed to simulate multiform weathering effects on fur with changing viewpoints and dynamic lighting effects.
Value cost impact analysis: Estimating the IT cost impact of business developments (2013)

Predicting the cost of IT infrastructure for a dynamically developing organization is difficult due to the complexity of understanding which IT infrastructure costs are driven by what kind of organizational developments. This is relevant in particular for organizations that spend a high proportion of their revenue on IT as well as for outsourcers who commit to providing IT infrastructure in innovative business models such as billing a percentage of a client's revenue. However, the creation of a detailed model of business developments driving IT costs for a particular organization is cost prohibitive in most cases due to extensive data gathering efforts. This paper proposes an approach based on the customization of default cost models assigning IT infrastructure cost categories to major business functions dependent on specific business metrics. This approach enables a cost effective way of estimating IT delivery costs dependent on a business's development.
A Role for Hypothalamic Malonyl-CoA in the Control of Food Intake (2005)

The cellular level of malonyl-CoA, an intermediate in fatty acid biosynthesis, depends on its rate of synthesis catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase relative to its rate of utilization and degradation catalyzed by fatty acid synthase and malonyl-CoA decarboxylase, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that hypothalamic malonyl-CoA functions in the regulation of feeding behavior by altering the expression of key orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Here we report that 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR), a 5'-AMP kinase activator, rapidly lowers malonyl-CoA both in GT1-7 hypothalamic neurons and in the hypothalami of mice. These effects correlate closely with the phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, an established target of AMP kinase. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of AICAR rapidly lowers hypothalamic [malonyl-CoA] and increases food intake. Expression of an adenoviral cytosolic malonyl-CoA decarboxylase vector (Ad-cMCD) in hypothalamic GT1-7 cells decreases malonyl-CoA. When delivered by bilateral stereotaxic injection into the ventral hypothalamus (encompassing the arcuate nucleus) of mice, Ad-cMCD increases food intake and body weight. Ad-MCD delivered into the ventral hypothalamus also reverses the rapid suppression of food intake caused by i.c.v.-administered C75, a fatty acid synthase inhibitor that increases hypothalamic [malonyl-CoA]. Taken together these findings implicate malonyl-CoA in the hypothalamic regulation of feeding behavior.
Improvement in Endoscopic Hernioplasty: Transcutaneous Aquadissection of the Musculofascial Defect and Preperitoneal Endoscopic Patch Repair (1991)

Since abdominal wall herniae derive from the abdominal cavity, they are accessible to laparoscopic diagnosis and treatment. This may be more appropriate than the conventional external approach. In five gynecological patients, scheduled for pelviscopic surgery, a coexisting inguinal hernia was endoscopically repaired. Transcutaneous aquadissection of the musculofascial defect using physiological saline solution in a syringe was easy to perform and very helpful in the endoscopic dissection of the peritoneal space. The method is described in specific detail, and recommended for application.
Corking Nano Test Tubes by Chemical Self-Assembly (2006)

There is tremendous current interest in using nanoparticles to deliver biomolecules and macromolecules (e.g., drugs and DNA) to specific sites in living systems. Release of the biomedical payload from the nanoparticle can be accomplished by chemical or enzymatic degradation of the nanoparticle or of the link between the payload and the nanoparticle. We are exploring an alternative payload-release strategy that builds on our work on template-synthesized nano test tubes. These are hollow nanotubes that are closed on one end and open on the other, and the dimensions can be controlled at will. If these nano test tubes could be filled with a payload and then the open end corked with a chemically labile cap, they might function as a universal delivery vehicle. We show here that silica nano test tubes can be covalently corked by chemical self-assembly of nanoparticles to the tubes. We also show that the nanoparticle corks remain attached to the mouths of the nano test tubes after liberation from the alumina template. For this proof-of-principle study, we used simple imine linkages to attach the corks to the test tubes. Schiff's bases are thermodynamically unstable in the presence of water; however, the multiple points of contact between the nano test tubes and nanoparticles allow the assembled structure to be metastable under our experimental conditions. Other chemical linkages-either more or less stable-may be more appropriate for other applications, and these are currently under development.
Generic Vancomycin Products Fail <i>In Vivo</i> despite Being Pharmaceutical Equivalents of the Innovator (2010)

Generic versions of intravenous antibiotics are not required to demonstrate therapeutic equivalence with the innovator because therapeutic equivalence is assumed from pharmaceutical equivalence. To test such assumptions, we studied three generic versions of vancomycin in simultaneous experiments with the innovator and determined the concentration and potency of the active pharmaceutical ingredient by microbiological assay, single-dose pharmacokinetics in infected mice, antibacterial effect by broth microdilution and time-kill curves (TKC), and pharmacodynamics against two wild-type strains of Staphylococcus aureus by using the neutropenic mouse thigh infection model. The main outcome measure was the comparison of magnitudes and patterns of in vivo efficacy between generic products and the innovator. Except for one product exhibiting slightly greater concentration, vancomycin generics were undistinguishable from the innovator based on concentration and potency, protein binding, in vitro antibacterial effect determined by minimal inhibitory or bactericidal concentrations and TKC, and serum pharmacokinetics. Despite such similarities, all generic products failed in vivo to kill S. aureus, while the innovator displayed the expected bactericidal efficacy: maximum antibacterial effect (Emax) (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 2.04 (1.89 to 2.19), 2.59 (2.21 to 2.98), and 3.48 (2.92 to 4.04) versus 5.65 (5.52 to 5.78) log10 CFU/g for three generics and the innovator product, respectively (P<0.0001, any comparison). Nonlinear regression analysis suggests that generic versions of vancomycin contain inhibitory and stimulatory principles within their formulations that cause agonistic-antagonistic actions responsible for in vivo failure. In conclusion, pharmaceutical equivalence does not imply therapeutic equivalence for vancomycin.
High Methionine and Cholesterol Diet Abolishes Endothelial Relaxation (2003)

The combination of high dietary cholesterol plus methionine virtually abolishes endothelium-dependent relaxation, underscoring the importance of multiple risk factors in the development of cardiovascular disease.
Mediated Electron Transfer at Redox Active Monolayers Part 2 : Analysis of the Chronoamperometric Response to a Potential Step Perturbation (2002)

A theoretical model describing the transport and kinetic processes involved in heterogeneous redox catalysis of solution phase reactants at electrode surfaces coated with redox active monolayers is presented. We describe theoretically the time dependent chronoamperometric response expected for a redox active monolayer in the absence of a substrate in solution, and subsequently extend the analysis to consider the reaction of a solution phase substrate mediated by surface immobilized redox groups. This is accomplished via a Laplace transform based solution of the Fick diffusion equation for the substrate transport to the monolayer surface coupled with the development of a suitable flux matching condition at the monolayer/solution interface . The latter procedure enables the development of an analytical expression for the transient current response in terms of well established mathematical special functions. We have shown that kinetic information may be readily extracted from the developed expressions for the current response as a function of time. In the present paper we assume that the reaction between mediator and substrate is of a simple outer sphere bimolecular type.
Utilization of Coal Combustion By-Products and Green Materials for Production of Hydraulic Cement (2012)

According to the 2005 report card by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), the state of America’s infrastructure has reached alarmingly unacceptable levels which threaten the current lifestyle and standard of living. The average grade for America’s infrastructure was D (Poor), requiring an estimated US$1.6 trillion just to return the infrastructure systems back to a serviceable condition.
Representing Multi-Value Time in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) (2009)

protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Electronic properties of metal-induced gap states formed at alkali-halide/metal interfaces (2005)

The spatial distribution and site distribution of metal-induced gap states (MIGS) are studied by thickness-dependent near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and by comparing the cation and anion-edge NEXAFS. The thickness-dependent NEXAFS shows that the decay length of MIGS depends on an alkali-halide rather than a metal, and it is larger for alkali-halides with smaller band gap energies. By comparing the Cl-edge and K-edge NEXAFS for $\mathrm{KCl}∕\mathrm{Cu}(001)$, MIGS are found to be states localizing at anion sites.
Optical Filters (1952)

In Part II of this survey of filters useful in optical work are included descriptions of polarization, interference, and Christiansen filters, and devices occasionally used in lieu of filters such as focal isolation and residual ray apparatus, gratings, and powder films used effectively as scatterers. Absorption type filters were surveyed in Part I.
A gentle introduction to formal verification of computer systems by abstract interpretation (2010)

We introduce and illustrate basic notions of abstract interpretation theory and its applications by relying on the readers general scientific culture and basic knowledge of computer programming.
FTP Transport for Secure Peer-to-Peer Business Data Interchange over the Internet (2007)

describes how to exchange structured business data securely using the File Transfer Protocol (FTP) for XML, Binary, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI -ANSI X12 or UN/EDIFACT), or other data used for business-to-business data interchange for which MIME packaging can be accomplished using standard MIME content types.Authentication and data confidentiality are obtained by using Cryptographic Message Syntax (S/MIME) security body parts.Authenticated acknowledgements employ multipart/signed replies to the original message.
Production viability of gallium doped mono-crystalline solar cells (2005)

Results of efforts at Shell Solar to implement the use of gallium dopant as a commercial solar cell production process are presented. Both small area cell results and production related activities and results are discussed. Many researchers have demonstrated that gallium effectively eliminates light induced degradation (LID) of the bulk lifetime, but less effort has been dedicated to implement gallium dopant into a commercial production process. Shell Solar has worked in this direction and expanded past research activities to demonstrate that the full range of resistivity values produced from a gallium-doped crystal can be used to successfully fabricate high efficiency cells. In addition, Shell has produced significant numbers of gallium-doped cells in their production facility and characterized process results from crystal growth to module build. This paper discusses additional subjects essential to production viability, such as gallium metal availability, silicon feedstock availability and management specific to a gallium process and overall cost effectiveness.
Construction and characterization of a reovirus double temperature-sensitive mutant (1997)

The infectious reovirus RNA system was used to construct a mutant with two temperature-sensitive (ts) lesions in genome segments M2 and S2, respectively. The double mutant is about 300 times more ts than either of its parents, which are about 1,500 and 170 times more ts than their wild-type parent reovirus ST3 strain Dearing. At 39 degrees C the double mutant is essentially unable to multiply. In spite of its striking temperature sensitivity, the double mutant elicits the formation of significant amounts of neutralizing antibodies in newborn mice. Possible mechanisms responsible for this are discussed, as is the significance of this double ts mutant in relation to current searches for safe and efficient vaccine strains.