gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-DIMENSIONAL VOLUME REPRESENTATION FOR GEOSPATIAL DATA IN VOXEL MODELS (2012)

Extracting useful geospatial data from imagery is a fundamental challenge that has seen significant growth over the years as technology advances have been brought to bear on the problem. An important component of this problem addresses how the data should be represented to ensure the information content is accurately captured, preserved, and conveyed to consumers. Much of the information contained in the imagery is redundant and should be transformed so that only the essential information is retained and stored, allowing the redundant data to be discarded. An efficient mechanism for achieving this goal is the 3D Voxel model. Essentially, it takes as input the two dimensional information contained in a set of images and transforms it into a 3D volumetric representation of the imaged region of interest. There are immediate and enduring benefits to this approach. First, there will be a massive reduction in data storage requirements, particularly for large sets of overlapping imagery. Another benefit stems from improvement in visualization. Terrain, objects, and features appear more intuitive and natural in a 3D Voxel model, and therefore, convey information easily. There are many others. This paper addresses the progress being made by a number of US Federal Government organizations in developing Voxel technology, and discusses the technology’s application to a number of military and civilian applications.
Structure of Class-I MHC Molecules: HLA-B27 and Disease (1990)

In this introductory article, the structure and function of HLA class-I molecules is discussed. The differences between HLA-B27 and the other class-I molecules are described. It is suggested that HLA-B27 contributes to autoimmune phenomena, but little is known about the actual autoimmune mechanisms that cause the B27-associated disease.
Inhibitory Effects of Various Flavonoids Isolated from Leaves of Persimmon on Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity (1987)

The leaves of the persimmon Diospyros kaki, have been traditionally used for treatment of hypertensive diseases in Japan. We have studied the inhibitory effects of four flavonoids isolated from the leaves of the persimmon on angiotensin-converting enzyme activity. The four flavonoids astragalin [1], kaempferol-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-glucoside [2], isoquercitrin [3], and quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-galloyl)-glucoside [4] inhibited the angiotensin-converting enzyme activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Compounds 1-4 produced 67%, 53%, 33%, and 48% inhibition at a concentration of 300 micrograms/ml, respectively. The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 1 and 2 for the angiotensin-converting enzyme were 180 micrograms/ml and 280 micrograms/ml, respectively. On the other hand, 2 and 4 were shown to have tannin activities, but 1 and 3 had no tannin activities. These results suggest that there is no relationship between the inhibition for angiotensin converting enzyme activity and the tannin activity for the four flavonoids.
Task-based locomotion (2016)

High quality locomotion is key to achieving believable character animation, but is often modeled as a generic stepping motion between two locations. In practice, locomotion often has task-specific characteristics and can exhibit a rich vocabulary of step types, including side steps, toe pivots, heel pivots, and intentional foot slides. We develop a model for such types of behaviors, based on task-specific foot-step plans that act as motion templates. The footstep plans are invoked and optimized at interactive rates and then serve as the basis for producing full body motion. We demonstrate the production of high-quality motions for three tasks: whiteboard writing, moving boxes, and sitting behaviors. The model enables retargeting to characters of varying proportions by yielding motion plans that are appropriately tailored to these proportions. We also show how the task effort or duration can be taken into account, yielding coarticulation behaviors.
AlAsSb/AlGaAsSb Bragg stacks for 1.55 µm wavelengthgrown by molecular beam epitaxy (1995)

AlAsxSb(1-x)/Al0.13Ga0.87AsySb(1-y) quarter-wave distributed Bragg stacks were grown on an InP substrate. With 15 pairs of layers, a peak reflectivity > 0.98 around 1.55 µm was measured. The refractive index for each material was deduced from reflectivity measurements. We found n = 3.65 for Al0.13Ga0.87AsySb(1-y) and n = 3.11 for AlAsxSb(1-x).
Effect of Repeated and Continuous Peptone Injections and Ingestion in Dogs (1930)

Abstract In previous communications we have published experiments dealing with the effect of continuous injections of antigen in sensitized dogs (1) and of suspension of B. coli in normal dogs (2) and have discussed the correlation of lymph and blood chemistry with the clinical effects observed (3). In this paper we should like to present graphs illustrative of the changes that are to be observed when Witte peptone is injected either continuously or at repeated intervals in animals with thoracic duct incannulation and also the effect on the leucocyte curve following repeated ingestion of a meat peptone prepared in the laboratory. Experimental. Normal dogs were used and thoracic duct incannulation made under local anesthesia. After a period of observation, the injection of peptone was made intermittently—with small doses at repeated intervals—or continuous injections were made with the Woodyat Pump. The technic has been completely described in previous publications (4). Experiment 7 (chart 1). Dog, 10 kgm. in weight. Three injections of a 10 per cent Witte Peptone solution were made intravenously at forty-five-minute intervals. The first injection was followed by a slight increase in the lymph calcium and a coincident increase in the lymph sugar, lymph protein and lymph volume. The second injection was without effect on the calcium, had no marked effect on the sugar and a very slight effect on the lymph volume and protein concentration. The third injection had no effect on calcium, lymph volume or protein and only a very slight effect on sugar. The sugar curve can be interpreted as follows: The first injection is followed by a prompt liberation of available reserves with reaction to normal within forty-five-minutes. Apparently with a second and third injection, the liver reserve has already been lowered and the response is very much less.
Pembrolizumab in the treatment of metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer: patient selection and perspectives (2017)

Lung cancer is the leading killer of both men and women in the US, and the 5-year survival remains poor. However, the approval of checkpoint blockade immunotherapy has shifted the treatment paradigm and provides hope for improved survival. The ability of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to evade the host immune system can be overcome by agents such as pembrolizumab (MK-3475/lambrolizumab), which is a monoclonal antibody targeting the programmed death 1 (PD-1) receptor. In early studies, treatment with pembrolizumab led to dramatic and durable responses in select patients (PD-L1+ tumors). This remarkable efficacy lead to approval of pembrolizumab in the second-line setting as response rates were almost doubled compared to standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy. Most recently, data in the first-line setting from the KEYNOTE-024 study have redefined the SOC therapy for a selected subset of patients. In patients with ≥50% PD-L1+ tumors, pembrolizumab had a clear progression-free survival and overall survival benefit. Toxicity was mostly immune related and similar to checkpoint blockade toxicities observed in previous studies. The initial approval and subsequent studies of pembrolizumab required and utilized a companion diagnostic test, Dako's IHC 22C3, to assess PD-L1 status of patients. The evaluation and scoring system of this assay has been used by other companies as a reference to develop their own assays, which may complicate selection of patients. Finally, the impact of pembrolizumab in NSCLC is growing as evidenced by the numerous, ongoing trials open for combinations with chemotherapy, chemoradiation, other immunotherapeutics, immunomodulators, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, PI3K inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Further studies are also evaluating pembrolizumab in small-cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma. This explosion of studies truly conveys the lack of therapeutic answers for lung cancer patients and the promise of pembrolizumab.
Colloidal Crystallization and Banding in a Cylindrical Geometry (2004)

Colloidal crystallization takes advantage of the strong interfacial forces and tunable interactions that organize particles into regular structures at small scales. Thus, colloidal crystallization and patterning provide a powerful and simple method to functionalize planar surfaces with applications to optical, catalytic, sensing, and cleansing materials. Nevertheless, the ability to pattern topologically more complex surfaces such as curved, confined, or soft substrates can open new avenues for novel, "intelligent", and responsive materials. We present one step in this direction by characterizing colloidal crystallization inside circular capillaries: a nearly periodic banding is observed, and the colloidal packing is dictated by confinement produced by the wedge-like region formed by a capillary confined meniscus. The packing consists of a succession of hexagonally close-packed regions, which are separated by narrow regions of "buckled phase crystals".
Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus: Egress of Progeny Virus at Specialized Cell Membrane Sites (2012)

In the final stages of the herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) life cycle, a viral nucleocapsid buds into a vesicle of trans-Golgi network (TGN)/endosome origin, acquiring an envelope and an outer vesicular membrane. The virus-containing vesicle then traffics to the plasma membrane where it fuses, exposing a mature virion. Although the process of directed egress has been studied in polarized epithelial cell lines, less work has been done in nonpolarized cell types. In this report, we describe a study of HSV-1 egress as it occurs in nonpolarized cells. The examination of infected Vero cells by electron, confocal, and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy revealed that HSV-1 was released at specific pocket-like areas of the plasma membrane that were found along the substrate-adherent surface and cell-cell-adherent contacts. Both the membrane composition and cytoskeletal structure of egress sites were found to be modified by infection. The plasma membrane at virion release sites was heavily enriched in viral glycoproteins. Small glycoprotein patches formed early in infection, and virus became associated with these areas as they expanded. Glycoprotein-rich areas formed independently from virion trafficking as confirmed by the use of a UL25 mutant with a defect in capsid nuclear egress. The depolymerization of the cytoskeleton indicated that microtubules were important for the trafficking of virions and glycoproteins to release sites. In addition, the actin cytoskeleton was found to be necessary for maintaining the integrity of egress sites. When actin was depolymerized, the glycoprotein concentrations dispersed across the membrane, as did the surface-associated virus. Lastly, viral glycoprotein E appeared to function in a different manner in nonpolarized cells compared to previous studies of egress in polarized epithelial cells; the total amount of virus released at egress sites was slightly increased in infected Vero cells when gE was absent. However, gE was important for egress site formation, as Vero cells infected with gE deletion mutants formed glycoprotein patches that were significantly reduced in size. The results of this study are interpreted to indicate that the egress of HSV-1 in Vero cells is directed to virally induced, specialized egress sites that form along specific areas of the cell membrane.
Construction of Lactobacillus plantarum strain with enhanced L-lysine yield (2006)

The use of the L-lysine-overproducing strain of L. plantarum in food or feed fermentation may increase the L-lysine content of fermented products.
Association between HLA genotypes and COVID-19 susceptibility, severity and progression: a comprehensive review of the literature (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly impacted on cultural, political, and economic structures all over the world. Several aspects of its pathogenesis and related clinical consequences have not yet been elucidated. Infection rates, as well morbidity and mortality differed within countries. It is intriguing for scientists to understand how patient genetics may influence the outcome of the condition, to clarify which aspects could be related the clinical variability of SARS-CoV-2 disease. We reviewed the studies exploring the role of human leukocyte antigens (HLA) genotypes on individual responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or progression, discussing also the contribution of the immunological patterns MHC-related. In March 2021, the main online databases were accessed. All the articles that investigated the possible association between the HLA genotypes and related polymorphisms with susceptibility, severity and progression of COVID-19 were considered. Although both genetic and environmental factors are certainly expected to influence the susceptibility to or protection of individuals, the HLA and related polymorphisms can influence susceptibility, progression and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The crucial role played by HLA molecules in the immune response, especially through pathogen-derived peptide presentation, and the huge molecular variability of HLA alleles in the human populations could be responsible for the different rates of infection and the different patients following COVID-19 infection.
Gorgiabisazulene and Gorgiagallylazulene, Two New Guaiazulenoid Pigments from a Gorgonian <i>Acalycigorgia</i> sp. (1993)

Abstract Two new condensed guaiazulenoid pigments, gorgiabisazulene and gorgiagallylazulene, have been isolated from a gorgonian Acalycigorgia sp. and their structures have been established on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Review on design and development of cryogenic machining setups for heat resistant alloys and composites (2021)

Cryogenic machining is becoming a sustainable choice due to its extraordinary performance (such as non-toxic and environmentally friendly) superiority to other traditional coolants and lubricants to produce products with superior quality. This paper also critically reviews improvements in designing the cryogenic delivery setup used by researchers for machining low machinability materials like titanium alloys, nickel alloys, ferrous alloys, composites, and other difficult-to-cut materials. It also briefs the economic and sustainable perspective of this state-of-art technology. The aim is to maximize the usage of sustainable cryogenic and hybrid machining technologies in the global manufacturing industry by highlighting their advantages. An overview of in-house developed cryogenic and hybrid machining techniques is presented. Various challenges and future needs related to cryogenic and hybrid-machining techniques are also discussed in the articles. Although remarkable results are obtained with the available literature's delivery methods, there is still no consensus regarding the best cryogenic delivery methods for machining the aforementioned materials. In addition, further hybridization of cryogenic delivery techniques with near dry machining techniques such as minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), electrostatic-MQL (EMQL), and nanofluid based MQL (nMQL) can be beneficial for machinability improvements of difficult-to-machine materials.
Adaptive estimation of noise covariance matrices in real-time preprocessing of geophysical data (1997)

Modern data acquisition systems record large volumes of data which are often not suitable for direct computer processing-a first stage of preprocessing (or data "editing") is usually needed. In earlier work G. Noriega et al. (1992) the authors have developed an algorithm for multichannel data preprocessing, based on Kalman filtering and suitable for real-time geophysical data collection applications. The present work presents results of further investigations in the area of adaptive methods for estimation of noise covariance matrices Q and R, within the time-variant, fixed-lag Kalman filtering framework of the original problem. An algorithm is developed whereby asymptotically normal, unbiased, and consistent estimates are produced based on the correlation-innovations method introduced by Mehra (1970). This provides for direct estimation of R, and leads to a set of (n.m/sup 2/) equations, not linearly independent, from which an appropriate subset must be selected to achieve estimation of up to (n.m) unknowns in Q. For the model considered (n=m.M, with M=4 the single-channel system order, and n and m the state and measurement vector dimensions respectively), an explicit algorithm has been developed far estimation of the (m.m) unknowns in Q, based on a least squares fit of a subset of the equations available. A new approach is also introduced to ensure positive-definiteness of the covariance matrices. Since the time variant nature of the model prevents direct application of the adaptive algorithm, a parallel implementation is proposed. A first processor implements the time variant Kalman filter, using estimates of Q and R updated every N/sub s/ samples. A second processor computes these estimates, operating on the output of a steady state Kalman filter based on a simplified model, in which data editing features, responsible for rendering the model time variant, have been removed. A spike/step removal filter, and a Riccati equation solver are also implemented by this second processor. Computational requirements are analyzed and compared against those of other approaches. Simulations demonstrate the performance of the method proposed, and show it to be superior to other alternatives. An example showing application to real geophysical data is also presented.
A novel approach for a high-precision multitarget-level measurement system based on time-domain reflectometry (2006)

A novel approach for a high-precision multitarget time-domain reflectometry (TDR) level measurement system is presented with a greatly improved performance. It fulfills the growing needs of today's industrial level measurement applications. Starting with the well-known concept of the TDR, a novel concept for frequency stabilization and pulse generation lead to a higher performance compared to conventional industrial systems with respect to their precision, resolution, and dynamic range. This paper focuses on the description of the improved signal generation unit, comprising the generation of two RF signals with a small frequency offset and a good phase-noise performance and the generation of short electromagnetic pulses, optimized for the detection of thin interface layers. To determine the stability, resolution, and dynamic range of the improved TDR system, a prototype system is presented
An Aqueous Asymmetric Supercapacitor Based on Activated Carbon and Tungsten Trioxide Nanowire Electrodes (2016)

Abstract An asymmetric supercapacitor ( ASC ) was assembled by using an activated carbon as positive electrode and WO 3 nanowire as negative electrode, and its electrical performances were tested in voltage windows ranging from 0 to 1.5 V. A high specific capacitance of 51 F•g −1 could be achieved at the current density of 0.25 A•g −1 . Moreover, the ASC displays a good cycling stability with 86% of capacitance retention after 800 cycles, its energy density can be up to 11.9 Wh•kg −1 at the power density of 210 W•kg −1 , and remains 7.7 Wh•kg −1 at a power density of 1250 W• kg −1 . The excellent electrical performance is perhaps due to the crystal orientation of (001) planes for the WO 3 nanowire, which favors the rapid reaction between W( VI ) and H + cations. This aqueous asymmetric WO 3 // AC supercapacitor is promising for practical applications due to its easy preparation of WO 3 .
Preparation and conformational analysis of vancomycin hexapeptide and aglucovancomycin hexapeptide (1989)

The preparations of the hexapeptides (3) and (6) derived from the antibiotic vancomycin (1), are described. The conformation of the N-terminal regions of (3) and (6) are discussed and compared to previous observations made on vancomycin. The hexapeptides lack any significant binding capability relative to vancomycin, and the reasons for this are discussed.
Streptococcus pneumoniae GAPDH Is Released by Cell Lysis and Interacts with Peptidoglycan (2015)

Release of conserved cytoplasmic proteins is widely spread among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Because these proteins display additional functions when located at the bacterial surface, they have been qualified as moonlighting proteins. The GAPDH is a glycolytic enzyme which plays an important role in the virulence processes of pathogenic microorganisms like bacterial invasion and host immune system modulation. However, GAPDH, like other moonlighting proteins, cannot be secreted through active secretion systems since they do not contain an N-terminal predicted signal peptide. In this work, we investigated the mechanism of GAPDH export and surface retention in Streptococcus pneumoniae, a major human pathogen. We addressed the role of the major autolysin LytA in the delivery process of GAPDH to the cell surface. Pneumococcal lysis is abolished in the ΔlytA mutant strain or when 1% choline chloride is added in the culture media. We showed that these conditions induce a marked reduction in the amount of surface-associated GAPDH. These data suggest that the presence of GAPDH at the surface of pneumococcal cells depends on the LytA-mediated lysis of a fraction of the cell population. Moreover, we demonstrated that pneumococcal GAPDH binds to the bacterial cell wall independently of the presence of the teichoic acids component, supporting peptidoglycan as a ligand to surface GAPDH. Finally, we showed that peptidoglycan-associated GAPDH recruits C1q from human serum but does not activate the complement pathway.
Physiology and Growth Properties of Halophilic Bacteria Isolated from Jeotgal (Salted Seafood) (2004)

Two species of halophilic bacteria were isolated from five salted seafoods and identified by 16S rDNA sequenc­ing homology. One was identified as Halomonas subglaciescola and other four strains were belong to Halomo­nas marina. The identity of all isolates with standard organisms was above H. subglaciescola, H. marina IN, and H. marina SH-2 grew in salinity condition from NaCl but growth of H. marina SQ and H. marina SH-l grew in salinity environment from Maximum biomass of H. subglaciescola, H. marina IN, H. marina SQ, H. marina SH-1, and H. marina SH-2 growing in LB medium containing NaCl were about 3.2, 4.5, 4.5, 5.7, and 4.2, however the maximum biomass in LB medium containing NaCl were about 2.2, 1.1, 0.7, 0.2, and 2.4 as optical density at 660 nm, respectively. In scanning electron micrograph, unknown material (mucus) attached to outer membrane of all isolates was observed. When mucus isolated from halophilic bacterial cell was added to culture of E. coli, E. coli grew in medium containing NaCl.