gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal Lentiviral-Mediated RNA Interference Targeting PKCγ Attenuates Chronic Constriction Injury–Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats (2010)

In the spinal cord, protein kinase C isoform γ (PKCγ) plays an important role in the development of central pain sensitization. However, there are currently no specific PKCγ inhibitors available. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the role of PKCγ in the modulation of pain using a more selective experimental tool. Although small interfering RNAs have been used to silence genes in neurons, in vivo delivery of RNA interference (RNAi) remains a major challenge, thus limiting its applications. Here we developed a highly efficient method of lentiviral-mediated delivery of short-hairpin RNAs targeting PKCγ for in vivo gene silencing in the spinal cord of rats. This method decreased the expression of PKCγ mRNA and protein, and additionally attenuated chronic constriction injury-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia for more than 6 weeks. Our study suggests that PKCγ is a potential RNAi target for neuropathic pain. Furthermore, the lentiviral vector delivery strategy holds great promise as a novel approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain and study of PKCγ gene function.
FeP Nanoparticles Film Grown on Carbon Cloth: An Ultrahighly Active 3D Hydrogen Evolution Cathode in Both Acidic and Neutral Solutions (2014)

In this Letter, we demonstrate the direct growth of FeP nanoparticles film on carbon cloth (FeP/CC) through low-temperature phosphidation of its Fe3O4/CC precursor. Remarkably, when used as an integrated 3D hydrogen evolution cathode, this FeP/CC electrode exhibits ultrahigh catalytic activity comparable to commercial Pt/C and good stability in acidic media. This electrode also performs well in neutral solutions. This work offers us the most cost-effective and active 3D cathode toward electrochemical water splitting for large-scale hydrogen fuel production.
Spider Silk as a New Biomaterial for Mems (2006)

In this work, spider drag-line silk is introduced for the first time as a new biomaterial for Micro-electro-mechanical Systems (MEMS). The tasks accomplished were focused on material characterization of regenerated spider silk under two conditions: (1) spin-coated thin film formed onto a silicon substrate; (2) formation of a free-standing microbridge (800 × 800 × 150 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) obtained by a surface micromachining process with sacrificial etching. Preliminary micro mechanical testing showed the spider silk microstructure having an elastic modulus of 7.251 GPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 21.15 MPa and a loss tangent of 0.044.
Novel Syntheses of Cyclopentenones and Alkenylsilanes from the Corresponding Alkyne−Dicobalt Hexacarbonyl Complexes (1996)

Alkyne−Co2(CO)6 complexes, readily available through reduction of CoBr2 with Zn in THF in the presence of alkynes while bubbling carbon monoxide at atmospheric pressure and room temperature, on reaction with CF3COOH give the corresponding cyclopentenones. In the case of alkynylsilane complexes, the corresponding alkenylsilanes are formed.
Severity Assessment of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Using Quantitative Features from Chest CT Images (2020)

Background: Chest computed tomography (CT) is recognized as an important tool for COVID-19 severity assessment. As the number of affected patients increase rapidly, manual severity assessment becomes a labor-intensive task, and may lead to delayed treatment. Purpose: Using machine learning method to realize automatic severity assessment (non-severe or severe) of COVID-19 based on chest CT images, and to explore the severity-related features from the resulting assessment model. Materials and Method: Chest CT images of 176 patients (age 45.3$\pm$16.5 years, 96 male and 80 female) with confirmed COVID-19 are used, from which 63 quantitative features, e.g., the infection volume/ratio of the whole lung and the volume of ground-glass opacity (GGO) regions, are calculated. A random forest (RF) model is trained to assess the severity (non-severe or severe) based on quantitative features. Importance of each quantitative feature, which reflects the correlation to the severity of COVID-19, is calculated from the RF model. Results: Using three-fold cross validation, the RF model shows promising results, i.e., 0.933 of true positive rate, 0.745 of true negative rate, 0.875 of accuracy, and 0.91 of area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). The resulting importance of quantitative features shows that the volume and its ratio (with respect to the whole lung volume) of ground glass opacity (GGO) regions are highly related to the severity of COVID-19, and the quantitative features calculated from the right lung are more related to the severity assessment than those of the left lung. Conclusion: The RF based model can achieve automatic severity assessment (non-severe or severe) of COVID-19 infection, and the performance is promising. Several quantitative features, which have the potential to reflect the severity of COVID-19, were revealed.
Structure optimization of Prussian blue analogue cathode materials for advanced sodium ion batteries (2014)

A structure optimized Prussian blue analogue Na1.76Ni0.12Mn0.88[Fe(CN)6]0.98 (PBMN) is synthesized and investigated. Coexistence of inactive Ni(2+) (Fe-C≡N-Ni group) with active Mn(2+/3+) (Fe-C≡N-Mn group) balances the structural disturbances caused by the redox reactions. This cathode material exhibits particularly excellent cycle life with high capacity (118.2 mA h g(-1)).
Reaction‐Rate‐Limiting Steps in Carbothermal Reduction Processes (1985)

The production of β‐sialon (Si3A1303N5) and nonoxidic powders by carbothermal reduction of oxides is discussed. Special attention is paid to the rate‐determining steps in the conversion process performed in a packed‐bed reactor. It is shown that powders with specific surface area >10 m 2 /g can be produced by the correct choice of pellet size, gas flow rate, temperature, and raw material.
Core Promoter Binding by Histone-Like TAF Complexes (2004)

A major function of TFIID is core promoter recognition. TFIID consists of TATA-binding protein (TBP) and 14 TBP-associated factors (TAFs). Most of them contain a histone fold domain (HFD) that lacks the DNA-contacting residues of histones. Whether and how TAF HFDs contribute to core promoter DNA binding are yet unresolved. Here we examined the DNA binding activity of TAF9, TAF6, TAF4b, and TAF12, which are related to histones H3, H4, H2A, and H2B, respectively. Each of these TAFs has intrinsic DNA binding activity adjacent to or within the HFD. The DNA binding domains were mapped to evolutionarily conserved and essential regions. Remarkably, HFD-mediated interaction enhanced the DNA binding activity of each of the TAF6-TAF9 and TAF4b-TAF12 pairs and of a histone-like octamer complex composed of the four TAFs. Furthermore, HFD-mediated interaction stimulated sequence-specific binding by TAF6 and TAF9. These results suggest that TAF HFDs merge with other conserved domains for efficient and specific core promoter binding.
Flying Squad response to medical emergencies. (1990)

The Flying Squad of the Accident and Emergency Department, of the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary, was established in 1955 by Collins. The initial function was to provide emergency care to victims of industrial accidents. However, the spectrum of emergencies they now respond to has expanded and includes predominantly road traffic accidents and medical emergencies. Despite the proliferation of Flying Squads their benefit has been difficult to quantify even in a trauma setting (Robertson & Steedman, 1985; Gorman & Coals, 1983). The outcome in medical emergencies is reported as dismal (Robertson & Steedman, 1985; Rowley & Collins, 1979) yet the number of calls for the flying squad to attend medical emergencies are many. Previous reports have recorded 20-30% of Squad calls responding to medical emergencies (Gorman & Coals, 1983; Rowley & Collins, 1979; Steedman & Robertson, 1986; Harrop & Bodiwala, 1983).
Relationships between Diffusion Parameters and Phosphorus Precipitation during the POCl3 Diffusion Process (2013)

The POCl3 diffusion process is still a common way to create the pn-junction of Si solar cells. Concerning the screen- printing process, it is necessary to find a compromise between low emitter recombination, low contact resistance and high lateral conductivity. The formation of a homogeneous emitter during the POCl3 diffusion process depends on several diffusion parameters, including duration, temperature and gas flow. This primarily controls the growth of the highly doped phosphosilicate glass (PSG) layer, which acts as a dopant source during the diffusion process. Detailed investigations of the PSG layer have shown a distinct correlation between the process gas flows and the composition of the PSG layer. Specifically, in this research we examine the influence of phosphorus precipitation at the PSG/Si interface. Furthermore, we show the influence of phosphorus precipitation during the pre-deposition phase on the passivation quality of the corresponding emitter. In a second step, we use the results to create emitters with a reduced density of phosphorus precipitates. In a last step, the optimized emitter structure was transferred to screen-printed solar cell processes, whereby efficiencies up to 19.4%abs. were achieved on monocrystalline p-type Cz material with full area Al-BSF rear side.
The silicomolybdic acid spectrophotometric method and its application to silicate/biopolymer interaction studies (2004)

The possibility to understand natural strategies to build‒up silica SiO 2 networks relies on the investigations of the kinetics of silica precursors polymerization in the presence of biopolymers. The silicomolybdic acid spectrophotometric method allows to study this process at the molecular level, provided that reliable procedures are available. Moreover, special care must be taken to avoid interfering processes induced by the inorganic and/or bio‐organic species found in solution. In order to illustrate the possibilities and limitations of this method, different sets of data are presented and discussed in the context of silica formation control by natural systems.
Microscale tipstreaming in a microfluidic flow focusing device (2006)

A microfluidic flow-focusing device is used to explore the use of surfactant-mediated tipstreaming to synthesize micrometer-scale and smaller droplets. By controlling the surfactant bulk concentration of a soluble nonionic surfactant in the neighborhood of the critical micelle concentration, along with the capillary number and the ratio of the internal and external flow rates, we observe several distinct modes of droplet breakup. For the most part, droplet breakup in microfluidic devices results in highly monodisperse droplets in the range of tens of micrometers in size. However, we observe a new mode of breakup called “thread formation” that resembles tipstreaming and yields tiny droplets in the range of a few micrometers in size or smaller. In this work, we characterize the growth of the thread and its maximum length as a function of flow variables and surfactant content, and we also characterize the period of droplet breakup as a function of these variables. Our results suggest possible methods for controlling the process. Using a simple flow visualization experiment as the basis, we report on preliminary efforts to model the thread formation process.
Order-Preserving Wasserstein Distance for Sequence Matching (2017)

We present a new distance measure between sequences that can tackle local temporal distortion and periodic sequences with arbitrary starting points. Through viewing the instances of sequences as empirical samples of an unknown distribution, we cast the calculation of the distance between sequences as the optimal transport problem. To preserve the inherent temporal relationships of the instances in sequences, we smooth the optimal transport problem with two novel temporal regularization terms. The inverse difference moment regularization enforces transport with local homogeneous structures, and the KL-divergence with a prior distribution regularization prevents transport between instances with far temporal positions. We show that this problem can be efficiently optimized through the matrix scaling algorithm. Extensive experiments on different datasets with different classifiers show that the proposed distance outperforms the traditional DTW variants and the smoothed optimal transport distance without temporal regularization.
The Role of Glia and the Immune System in the Development and Maintenance of Neuropathic Pain (2010)

Neuropathic pain refers to a variety of chronic pain conditions with differing underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms and origins. Recent studies indicate a communication between the immune system and the nervous system. A common underlying mechanism of neuropathic pain is the presence of inflammation at the site of the damaged or affected nerve(s). This inflammatory response initiates a cascade of events resulting in the concentration and activation of innate immune cells at the site of tissue injury. The release of immunoactive substances such as cytokines, neurotrophic factors, and chemokines initiate local actions and can result in a more generalized immune response. The resultant neuroinflammatory environment can cause activation of glial cells located in the spinal cord and the brain, which appear to play a prominent role in nociception. Glial cells, also known as neuroglia, are nonconducting cells that modulate neurotransmission at the synaptic level. Glial cells can be subdivided into two primary categories: microglia and macroglia, which include astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Astrocytes and microglia are known to play a role in the development, spread, and potentiation of neuropathic pain. Following peripheral nociceptive activation via nerve injury, microglia become activated and release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, thereby initiating the pain process. Microglia propagate the neuroinflammation by recruiting other microglia and eventually activating nearby astrocytes, which prolongs the inflammatory state and leads to a chronic neuropathic pain condition. Our review focuses on the role of glia and the immune system in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain.
Biosurfactant Production and Potential Correlation with Esterase Activity (2012)

Biosurfactants (microbial surfactants) are surface active compounds produced extracellularly or as part of the cell membrane by several bacterial and fungal species. They have the unique property of reducing the surface and interfacial tension of liquids. Biosurfactants have applications in the field of agriculture, petroleum, microbial enhanced oil recovery, biomedical sciences, cosmetics, food processing and pharmaceuticals. The global biosurfactants market has grown gradually. Regardless of their greater biodegradability and reduced toxicity, cost competitiveness still remains the major concern for biosurfactant production. However, recombinant or metabolically engineered hyper producing strains combined with optimized cultivation conditions have made it possible for many companies to reap the benefits of 'green' biosurfactant technology. Simultaneously, biosurfactants and bioemulsifiers showing esterase activities and having potential applications are reported to form stable oil-water emulsions with hydrophobic substrates such as hexadecane and polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Biosurfactant production and release of esterases by the microbial cells is shown to be synchronized and symbiotically beneficial in some species. Several bacterial biosurfactant and esterase genes have been identified, cloned and expressed for their enhanced production. This review article emphasizes on the present worldwide scenario of biosurfactant production, correlation between biosurfactant production and esterase activity, recent developments in this line of research and future prospects.
Fluorinated macrocyclic ethers as fluoride ion hosts. Novel structures and dynamic properties (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorinated macrocyclic ethers as fluoride ion hosts. Novel structures and dynamic propertiesW. B. Farnham, D. C. Roe, D. A. Dixon, J. C. Calabrese, and R. L. HarlowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 21, 7707–7718Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00177a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views562Altmetric-Citations96LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
전자무역 : 검색엔진 최적화(SEO) 기법을 활용한전자무역 마케팅 성과에 관한 실증연구 (2011)

최근 중소수출기업의 마케팅 기법이 홈페이지, 전자카탈로그를 활용한 인터넷 마케팅에서 검색엔진 마케팅으로 변하고 있다. 그러나 이러한 검색엔진 마케팅 효과에 대한 구체적인 실증연구가 미진한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 검색엔진 최적화 기법을 기반으로 한 검색엔진 마케팅의 성과를 측정하는 것이다. 이러한 최적의 검색엔진 마케팅 전략을 도출하기 위하여 3년간 홈페이지 방문자수, 페이지 뷰 및 트래픽 소소와 같은 정량적 데이터를 구글 분석기를 이용하여 수집하였다. 동시에 이러한 정량적 데이터를 뒷받침하기 위한 정성적인 효과측정으로 설문조사도 병행하였다. 정량적 연구의 결과로서 기존의 지속효과와 지체효과는 검색엔진 최적화 기법을 통하여 유지된 것으로 나타났다. 한편 정성적인 설문조사 결과로서 홈페이지의 만족도와 인지도는 검색엔진 최적화이후 향상된 것으로 나타났다. 이는 정량적인 분석에서 홈페이지 방문비율의 증가를 논리적으로 뒷받침하고 있다. 또한 수출기업들은 트래픽과 페이지뷰가 검색엔진 최적화 이후 증가되었음을 매우 잘 인지하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.
Percutaneous mitral valve annuloplasty for ischemic mitral regurgitation: First in man experience with a temporary implant (2007)

PTMA in human is feasible and reduces ischemic MR (to grade 1+) by reducing MA anterior-posterior diameter. Temporary placement of the PTMA device may assist in the development of permanent implants and ensure optimal efficacy.
Genetic Analysis of Human Obesity in an Italian Sample (1987)

An analysis of the genetic factors in obesity has been carried out on a sample of nuclear families from Aosta (N. Italy). The families consisted of the parents and sibs of all elementary school children considered to be obese during a preliminary screening and a similar sample of non-obese children and their nuclear families. The numbers of such families were 67 and 112, respectively. Several tests were applied in order to examine the genetic contribution to obesity, and in particular to investigate the presence of a dominant major gene. Our conclusions are that genetic factors are certainly present. Several analyses suggest the presence of a dominant major gene with weak effect.
Study of gated pnp as an ESD protection device for mixed-voltage and hot-pluggable circuit applications (2005)

The ESD protection results of lateral-gated PNP transistors for various circuit applications are presented. Human body model (HBM) ESD performance was found to depend on the I/O scheme while wafer-level HBM ESD protection varied from 6.6 kV to 7.6 kV for hot-plug application and mixed-voltage application, respectively.
ALDH1A3: A Marker of Mesenchymal Phenotype in Gliomas Associated with Cell Invasion (2015)

Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDH) is a family of enzymes including 19 members. For now, ALDH activity had been wildly used as a marker of cancer stem cells (CSCs). But biological functions of relevant isoforms and their clinical applications are still controversial. Here, we investigate the clinical significance and potential function of ALDH1A3 in gliomas. By whole-genome transcriptome microarray and mRNA sequencing analysis, we compared the expression of ALDH1A3 in high- and low- grade gliomas as well as different molecular subtypes. Microarray analysis was performed to identify the correlated genes of ALDH1A3. We further used Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways analysis to explore the biological function of ALDH1A3. Finally, by mRNA knockdown we revealed the relationship between ALDH1A3 and the ability of tumor invasion. ALDH1A3 overexpression was significantly associated with high grade as well as the higher mortality of gliomas in survival analysis. ALDH1A3 was characteristically highly expressed in Mesenchymal (Mes) subtype gliomas. Moreover, we found that ALDH1A3 was most relevant to extracellular matrix organization and cell adhesion biological process, and the ability of tumor invasion was suppressed after ALDH1A3 knockdown in vitro. In conclusion, ALDH1A3 can serve as a novel marker of Mes phenotype in gliomas with potential clinical prognostic value. The expression of ALDH1A3 is associated with tumor cell invasion.
IMPROVEMENT OF CAVENDISH BANANA CULTIVARS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL BREEDING (2013)

ISHS VII International Symposium on Banana: ISHS-ProMusa Symposium on Bananas and Plantains: Towards Sustainable Global Production and Improved Use IMPROVEMENT OF CAVENDISH BANANA CULTIVARS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL BREEDING
Stress‐wave‐assisted transport through the plasma membrane in vitro (1997)

Background and Objective Laser-induced stress waves have been shown to alter the permeability of the plasma membrane without affecting cell viability. The aim of the work reported here was to quantify the molecular uptake by cell cultures in vitro and determine optimal stress-wave parameters. Study Design/Materials and Methods Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were exposed to laser-induced stress waves in an experimental arrangement that eliminated interference from ancillary effects such as plasma, heat, or cavitation. A radiolabeled compound (tritiated thymidine) was used as the probe. Results Stress waves enhanced the diffusion of tritiated thymidine by inducing a transient permeabilization of the plasma membrane. Furthermore, maximum intracellular concentration (2 × 105 thymidine molecules/cell or 10% of the extracellular concentration) was reached with only 2–3 stress waves. Conclusion Laser-induced stress waves provide an efficient method for delivering molecules through the plasma membrane into the cytoplasm of cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 20:216–222, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Absorption process for the removal of organic solvents from exhaust air (1989)

Abstract It is shown in this report that, under certain conditions, cleaning of exhaust air by absorption presents an interesting alternative to the existing methods. In particular, this process can be used with advantage for small quantities of exhaust air, high and strongly fluctuating solvent concentrations and solvent mixtures such as those occurring in batch operation. A washing agent was employed which had not been previously used for this purpose. Its properties, which were investigated in the laboratory, were confirmed during a 15‐months' trial period in a semi‐industrial plant. The process and plant were optimized for practical use. Through its option of solvent recovery from exhaust air, this physical absorption process contributes to environmental control.