gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement of Interaction between Mast Cells and Skin Dendritic Cells to Establish Contact Hypersensitivity (2011)

The role of mast cells (MCs) in contact hypersensitivity (CHS) remains controversial. This is due in part to the use of the MC-deficient Kit (W/Wv) mouse model, since Kit (W/Wv) mice congenitally lack other types of cells as a result of a point mutation in c-kit. A recent study indicated that the intronic enhancer (IE) for Il4 gene transcription is essential for MCs but not in other cell types. The aim of this study is to re-evaluate the roles of MCs in CHS using mice in which MCs can be conditionally and specifically depleted. Transgenic Mas-TRECK mice in which MCs are depleted conditionally were newly generated using cell-type specific gene regulation by IE. Using this mouse, CHS and FITC-induced cutaneous DC migration were analyzed. Chemotaxis assay and cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ imaging were performed by co-culture of bone marrow-derived MCs (BMMCs) and bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). In Mas-TRECK mice, CHS was attenuated when MCs were depleted during the sensitization phase. In addition, both maturation and migration of skin DCs were abrogated by MC depletion. Consistently, BMMCs enhanced maturation and chemotaxis of BMDC in ICAM-1 and TNF-α dependent manners Furthermore, stimulated BMDCs increased intracellular Ca²⁺ of MC upon direct interaction and up-regulated membrane-bound TNF-α on BMMCs. These results suggest that MCs enhance DC functions by interacting with DCs in the skin to establish the sensitization phase of CHS.
Measurement of Total and Fetal Hemoglobin in Cultured Human Erythroid Cells by a Novel Micromethod (1993)

The present paper reports on the application of a simple micromethod for quantitation of total and fetal hemoglobin in small volumes of diluted erythroid cell hemolysates. A modified alkaline denaturation procedure was used to denature and precipitate non-fetal hemoglobins and the tetramethylbenzidine procedure was used for quantitation of the soluble hemoglobin. Using a combination of these procedures, total hemoglobin concentrations as low as 0.2 mg% (2 micrograms/ml) and a fetal hemoglobin proportion of 0.5% could be reliably determined. We have utilized this procedure to study two aspects of hemoglobin production in human erythroid cells grown in culture; the proportion of fetal hemoglobin of cells in culture as compared to that in the peripheral blood of the donors, and the kinetics of hemoglobin production during maturation of these cultured cells. The results show that the cultured erythroid cells have a hemoglobin phenotype similar to the individual from whom they are derived and that erythroid differentiation may be studied in vitro in these cultured cells by measurement of these and other parameters.
The serotonin 5‐HT <sub>2B</sub> receptor controls bone mass <i>via</i> osteoblast recruitment and proliferation (2007)

The monoamine serotonin (5-HT), a well-known neurotransmitter, is also important in peripheral tissues. Several studies have suggested that 5-HT is involved in bone metabolism. Starting from our original observation of increased 5-HT(2B) receptor (5-HT(2B)R) expression during in vitro osteoblast differentiation, we investigated a putative bone phenotype in vivo in 5-HT(2B)R knockout mice. Of interest, 5-HT(2B)R mutant female mice displayed reduced bone density that was significant from age 4 months and had intensified by 12 and 18 months. This histomorphometrically confirmed osteopenia seems to be due to reduced bone formation because 1) the alkaline phosphatase-positive colony-forming unit capacity of bone marrow precursors was markedly reduced in the 5-HT(2B)R mutant mice from 4 to 12 months of age, 2) ex vivo primary osteoblasts from mutant mice exhibited reduced proliferation and delayed differentiation, and 3) calcium incorporation was markedly reduced in osteoblasts after 5-HT(2B)R depletion (produced genetically or by pharmacological inactivation). These findings support the hypothesis that the 5-HT(2B)R receptor facilitates osteoblast recruitment and proliferation and that its absence leads to osteopenia that worsens with age. We show here, for the first time, that the 5-HT(2B)R receptor is a physiological mediator of 5-HT in bone formation and, potentially, in the onset of osteoporosis in aging women.
A modular and adaptive mass spectrometry-based platform for support of bioprocess development toward optimal host cell protein clearance (2017)

A modular and adaptive mass spectrometry (MS)-based platform was developed to provide fast, robust and sensitive host cell protein (HCP) analytics to support process development. This platform relies on one-dimensional ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (1D UHPLC) combined with several different MS data acquisition strategies to meet the needs of purification process development. The workflow was designed to allow HCP composition and quantitation for up to 20 samples per day, a throughput considered essential for real time bioprocess development support. With data-dependent acquisition (DDA), the 1D UHPLC-MS/MS method had excellent speed and demonstrated robustness in detecting unknown HCPs at ≥ 50 ng/mg (ppm) level. Combining 1D UHPLC with sequential window acquisition of all theoretical spectra (SWATH) MS enabled simultaneous detection and quantitation of all HCPs in single-digit ng/mg range within 1 hour, demonstrating for the first time the benefit of SWATH MS as a technique for HCP analysis. As another alternative, a targeted MS approach can be used to track the clearance of specific known HCP under various process conditions. This study highlights the importance of designing a robust LC-MS/MS workflow that not only allows HCP discovery, but also affords greatly improved process knowledge and capability in HCP removal. As an orthogonal and complementary detection approach to traditional HCP analysis by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the reported LC-MS/MS workflow supports the development of bioprocesses with optimal HCP clearance and the production of safe and high quality therapeutic biopharmaceuticals.
<i>In Vivo</i> Measurement of Phosphorous Markers of Disease (2004)

Phosphorus Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (31P-MRS) has been utilized to study energy, carbohydrate, and phospholipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo in live tissues non-invasively. Despite its lack of sensitivity, its application has extended to in situ human tissues and organs since proper signal localization was devised. Follow-up of phosphocreatine in neuromuscular diseases and schizophrenia and follow-up of phospholipid-related molecules in tumors are described here to demonstrate the value of 31P-MRS as an imaging technique to determine in vivo markers of disease and in the diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of human diseases.
Onboarding and Software Update Architecture for IoT Devices (2019)

There has been a continuous growth in the usage of IoT devices. These devices are subject to an increasing number of attacks which exploit their software vulnerabilities. We need a secure architectural design for managing and using cryptographic keys involved in both initial configuration (onboarding) and secure automatic updates of IoT devices to perform authenticated key management and digital signature. Low-level IoT devices (8-bit) have low computational capabilities and a small memory size and are challenged to carry out desktop and server-type public-key cryptographic operations, as needed for key establishment and authentication of software updates. We have designed and implemented a prototype to provide secure onboarding and update architecture and associated protocols for low-level IoT devices (8-bit). It uses elliptic curve cryptography (Curve25519), authenticated key establishment, and a known continuity-based key-locking mechanism that uses a public key embedded in a current software image to verify the signature on the software update. The design addresses the scenario of transfer of update authority, e.g., when a manufacturer or update provider ceases to provide ongoing software updates upon going out of business.
High Resolution NMR Imaging using a High Field Yokeless Permanent Magnet (2011)

We measured the homogeneity and stability of the magnetic field of a high field (about 1.04 tesla) yokeless permanent magnet with 40-mm gap for high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging. Homogeneity was evaluated using a 3-dimensional (3D) lattice phantom and 3D spin-echo imaging sequences. In the central sphere (20-mm diameter), peak-to-peak magnetic field inhomogeneity was about 60 ppm, and the root-mean-square was 8 ppm. We measured room temperature, magnet temperature, and NMR frequency of the magnet simultaneously every minute for about 68 hours with and without the thermal insulator of the magnet. A simple mathematical model described the magnet's thermal property. Based on magnet performance, we performed high resolution (up to [20 µm]2) imaging with internal NMR lock sequences of several biological samples. Our results demonstrated the usefulness of the high field small yokeless permanent magnet for high resolution NMR imaging.
Projection-based statistical analysis of full-chip leakage power with non-log-normal distributions (2006)

In this paper we propose a novel projection-based algorithm to estimate the full-chip leakage power with consideration of both inter-die and intra-die process variations. Unlike many traditional approaches that rely on log-normal approximations, the proposed algorithm applies a novel projection method to extract a low-rank quadratic model of the logarithm of the full-chip leakage current and, therefore, is not limited to log-normal distributions. By exploring the underlying sparse structure of the problem, an efficient algorithm is developed to extract the non-log-normal leakage distribution with linear computational complexity in circuit size. In addition, an incremental analysis algorithm is proposed to quickly update the leakage distribution after changes to a circuit are made. Our numerical examples in a commercial 90nm CMOS process demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides 4/spl times/error reduction compared with the previously proposed log-normal approximations, while achieving orders of magnitude more efficiency than a Monte Carlo analysis with 104 samples.
Compressive and shear properties of alginate gel: Effects of sodium ions and alginate concentration (1999)

The equilibrium and viscoelastic properties of alginate gel crosslinked with Ca2+ were determined as a function of alginate concentration and duration of exposure to physiologic concentrations of NaCl. Compressive and shear stress relaxation tests and oscillatory shear tests were performed to measure the material properties at two time periods after storage in NaCl compared to no NaCl exposure. The effect of concentration was determined by testing 1-3% alginate gel in a bath of physiological NaCl and CaCl2. After 15 h of exposure to NaCl, the compressive, equilibrium shear, and dynamic shear moduli decreased by 63, 84, and 90% of control values, respectively. The material properties exhibited no further changes after 7 days of exposure to NaCl. The loss angle and amplitude of the relaxation function in the shear also decreased, indicating less viscous behaviors in both dynamic and transient configurations. All moduli, but not the loss angle, significantly increased with increasing alginate concentration. The observed decrease in compressive and shear stiffness for alginate gel after exposure to Na+ was significant and indicated that physiological conditions will soften the gel over a time period of up to 7 days after gelation. The alginate gel retains significant solid-like behaviors, however, as measured by a loss angle of approximately 3 degrees. This study provides the first available data for material properties of alginate gel tested in physiological saline.
Curcumin induces cell death without oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation in quiescent and proliferating human CD8+ cells. (2006)

Curcumin decreased cell viability, activated caspase-3 and decreased the level of DFF45/ICAD, the inhibitor of the DFF40/CAD endonuclease. However, this did not lead to oligonucleosomal DNA degradation. In contrast, UVC-irradiated proliferating, but not quiescent CD8+ cells revealed molecular and morphological changes characteristic for apoptosis, including oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation. Curcumin can induce cell death in normal human lymphocytes both quiescent and proliferating, without oligonucleosomal DNA degradation which is considered as a main hallmark of apoptotic cell death. Taking into account the role of CD8+ cells in tumor response, their depletion during chemotherapy could be particularly undesirable.
A multi-DSP implementation of a broad-band adaptive beamformer for use in a hands-free mobile radio telephone (1991)

An implementation of a broadband adaptive array on a multiprocessor digital signal processing system for use in a hands free mobile radio telephone is described. This implementation of a five-microphone adaptive Griffiths-Jim array can handle FIR filters with up to 128 taps behind each microphone at a sampling rate of 8 kHz. The filter structure makes it possible to combine an adaptive array with a noise canceler. The near-field problem has been solved by using focusing, a speech-controlled adaptive algorithm, and a short hourglass. Preliminary measurements indicate a considerable potential for this technique in hands-free mobile telephony. The array gives a 20-30 dB suppression of a broadband jammer covering 300-1100 Hz, even with three reflecting walls surrounding the microphone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrical neuroimaging in the time domain (2009)

A publication entitled "A default mode of brain function" initiated a new way of looking at functional imaging data. In this PET study the authors discussed the often-observed consistent decrease of brain activation in a variety of tasks as compared with the baseline. They suggested that this deactivation is due to a task-induced suspension of a default mode of brain function that is active during rest, i.e. that there exists intrinsic well-organized brain activity during rest in several distinct brain regions. This suggestion led to a large number of imaging studies on the resting state of the brain and to the conclusion that the study of this intrinsic activity is crucial for understanding how the brain works.
The Effect of Water/Residual Oil Emulsions on Air Pollutant Emissions and Efficiency of Commercial Boilers (1976)

Two commercially available water-in-oil emulsifiers were tested to determine the effect of water/residual oil emulsions on air pollutant emissions and thermal efficiency of a packaged boiler. Of the two emulsifiers, one (Cottell reactor) utilized low pressure mechanical and ultrasonic energy and the other (total emulsifier) utilized high pressure mechanical energy. Each emulsifier was tested at a constant oil flow rate with varying amounts of water over a range of stoichiometric ratios. Water/residual oil emulsions from both emulsifiers significantly reduced particulate mass. With the Cottell reactor smoke emissions were significantly reduced, whereas with the Total emulsifier smoke emissions increased and peaked with a 20 percent water emulsion, then decreased as water was increased to 30 percent. Neither emulsifier had any significant effect on emissions of NO, SO2, or HC when firing water/residual oil emulsions. Both emulsifiers were capable of improving efficiency by approximately 2 percent under certain conditions.
Variational Autoencoder for Semi-Supervised Text Classification (2017)

Although semi-supervised variational autoencoder (SemiVAE) works in image classification task, it fails in text classification task if using vanilla LSTM as its decoder. From a perspective of reinforcement learning, it is verified that the decoder's capability to distinguish between different categorical labels is essential. Therefore, Semi-supervised Sequential Variational Autoencoder (SSVAE) is proposed, which increases the capability by feeding label into its decoder RNN at each time-step. Two specific decoder structures are investigated and both of them are verified to be effective. Besides, in order to reduce the computational complexity in training, a novel optimization method is proposed, which estimates the gradient of the unlabeled objective function by sampling, along with two variance reduction techniques. Experimental results on Large Movie Review Dataset (IMDB) and AG's News corpus show that the proposed approach significantly improves the classification accuracy compared with pure-supervised classifiers, and achieves competitive performance against previous advanced methods. State-of-the-art results can be obtained by integrating other pretraining-based methods.
Evaluation of the reliability of RSSI for indoor localization (2012)

In wireless sensor networks, nodes can be static or mobile, depending on the application requirements. Dealing with mobility can pose some formidable challenges in protocol design, particularly, at the link and network layers. These difficulties require mobility adaption algorithms to efficiently localize mobile nodes and predict the quality of link that can be established with these nodes. An off the shelf development platform that uses Radio Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) is mostly selected as the sensor localization method, especially in the indoor environment. Despite this, not much research work has been done to practically demonstrate the reliability of RSSI for indoor localization. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to calibrate and map RSSI to distance by doing a series of experiments. The result shows that the RSSI technology gives an unacceptable high error and thus is not reliable for the indoor sensor localization.
Optimization and validation of accelerated golden‐angle radial sparse MRI reconstruction with self‐calibrating GRAPPA operator gridding (2017)

The GRASP reconstruction can be substantially accelerated using GROG. This framework is promising toward broader clinical application of GRASP and other iterative non-Cartesian reconstruction methods. Magn Reson Med 80:286-293, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Fosfomycin/Tobramycin for Inhalation in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis with <i>Pseudomonas</i> Airway Infection (2011)

FTI maintained the substantial improvements in FEV(1) % predicted achieved during the AZLI run-in and was well tolerated. FTI is a promising antipseudomonal therapy for patients with CF.
Alcaligenes and Acinetobacter strains capable of degrading polychlorinated biphenyls. (1978)

Microbial characteristics of two bacterial strains, of Alcaligenes and Acinetobacter capable of assimilating biphenyl and 4-chlorobiphenyl as a sole source of carbon have been studied with respect to polychlorinated biphenyl degradation. A variety of aromatic compounds were examined for the growth and O2 uptake of the organisms, It was observed that these organisms were able to adsorb 14C-2, 5, 2'-trichlorobiphenyl onto the cell surface in a short time and then gradually metabolized the adsorped one. The metabolites were moved into aqueous layer from the cells. Several spots including a yellow colored intermediate, i.e. meta cleavage product, and 2, 5-dichlorobenzoic acid as main products were detected on a thin-layer chromatography and subsequent autoradiography. However, neither incorporation of 14C-metabolites into the cell constituents nor 14CO2 evolution was observed.
Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of neurological patients with special reference to multiple sclerosis and dementia. (1990)

Vitamin B12 and folate concentrations were measured in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in 293 neurological patients. Serum and CSF vitamin B12 concentrations showed a positive correlation. In individual patients CSF B12 concentrations varied considerably for a given serum concentration. The median serum vitamin B12 concentration of the Alzheimer's type dementia group was significantly lower compared with that of a control group. Lower median CSF vitamin B12 concentrations were found in groups of patients with multiple sclerosis and Alzheimer's type dementia. Five patients with heterogeneous clinical pictures had unexplained low serum and CSF B12 concentrations without macrocytosis. Two patients had very high serum B12 and low-normal CSF concentrations which could be explained by a blood-brain barrier transport defect. Serum and CSF folate concentrations did not show significant differences between the various groups.
Sequential plasma activation process for microfluidics packaging at room temperature (2005)

A sequential plasma activation process consisting of oxygen reactive ion etching (RIE) plasma and nitrogen radical activation was applied for microfluidics packaging at room temperature. Si/glass and glass/glass wafers were activated by the oxygen RIE plasma and nitrogen microwave radicals one after another. The activated wafers by the two-step process were brought into contact in air followed by keeping them in air for 24 h. The wafers were bonded throughout the entire area and the bonding strength of the interface was as strong as silicon and glass bulk without any post-annealing process and wet chemical cleaning steps. Bonding strength considerably increased with the nitrogen radical treatment after oxygen RIE activation prior to bonding. Chemical reliability tests showed that the bonded interfaces were significantly worked with various chemicals. Si/glass and glass/glass cavities formed by the sequential plasma activation process indicated hermetic sealing behavior. High bonding strength was thought to be due to a diffusion of absorbing water into wafer surface and a reaction between silicon oxynitride layers on the mating wafers. An amorphous layer of 7 nm thick was found at the Si/Si interface. Activation with N/sub 2/ radical for 1200 s after O/sub 2/ RIE plasma treatment for 60 s generated a new phase in the Si wafers across the amorphous layer, probably due to the implantation effect of N2 radical in Si wafer. T-shape microfluidics channels were fabricated on glass wafers by bulk micromachining and bonded by using the sequential plasma activation process at room temperature.
PocketMenu (2012)

We present PocketMenu, a menu optimized for non-visual, in-pocket interaction with menus on handheld devices with touch screens. By laying out menu items along the border of the touch screen its tactile features guide the interaction. Additional vibro-tactile feedback and speech allows identifying the individual menu items non-visually. In an experiment, we compared PocketMenu with iPhone's VoiceOver. Participants had to control an MP3 player while walking down a road with the device in the pocket. The results provide evidence that in the above context the PocketMenu outperforms VoiceOver in terms of completion time, selection errors, usability. Hence, it enables usage of touch screen apps in mobile contexts (e.g. walking, hiking, or skiing) and limited interaction spaces (e.g. device resting in a pocket).