gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Universal Extensional Rheometer for the Uniaxial Extension of Polymer Melts (1972)

A recent development in extensional rheometry of molten polymers is based on the use of a pair of gears as a ‘rotational clamp’. In a tensile tester for polymer melts, the rotational clamp provides the draw-down of the melt being extruded out of the die of a melt indexer. The result is a quick characterization of extensibility and tensile strength. In a new extensional rheometer, two rotational clamps are used which extend homogeneously a molten polymer rod floating on a silicone oil bath. For constant rotational speeds of the clamps, the (Hencky) strain rate is constant. The creep test with constant tensile stress can be performed in the same rheometer making use of a servo motor of quick response with an appropriate servo control. A further modification of the servo control is described by means of which any uniaxial stress or strain history can be imposed on the melt under test, with stress σ&gt;0 the only constraint. In this rheometer, the extensional behavior of a LDPE melt was measured at 150°C under a variety of mechanical conditions. The data presented demonstrate the versatility of the apparatus.
The Application of XPS to the Study of MIC (1992)

Abstract The biotic and abiotic factors that contribute to Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) involve the transformation of chemical species at a metal surface. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) is utilized in conjunction with conventional microbiological and Quantitative Chemical Analytical techniques to better understand the effect of environmental conditions on microbial behavior as well as the ability of bacteria to alter local environmental conditions. Specifically, the interaction of Fe, Cr, Ni, Mo ions with Desulfovibrio sp. under anoxic conditions were studied. This is the first phase of a systematic study of microbial activity and the effects of alloy elements and thermo-mechanical treatments on the MIC resistance of stainless steels.
Prostatic acid phosphatase expression in human tissues (2010)

Abstract Introduction: Active cellular immunotherapy seeks to induce tumor-specific immunity in the patient and is consequently dependent on a suitable target tumor antigen. Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy that targets prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and has demonstrated evidence of survival prolongation in men with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer in randomized clinical trials. PAP has been tested as a target antigen due to its high, and relatively specific, expression in the prostate. PAP expression in other human tissues was examined to help anticipate potential safety concerns associated with the development of immunity in this target. Methods: We used a variety of approaches to analyze PAP expression, including immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These laboratory-based techniques were complemented with an in silico analysis of reported PAP expression in human cDNA libraries. Results: Our studies confirmed that, while PAP expression is not restricted to prostate tissues, its expression in other human tissues is approx. 1 to 2 orders of magnitude less than that observed in the prostate. Conclusion: The relative specificity of PAP expression in prostate tissues supports its use in immunotherapies targeting prostate carcinoma. A greater knowledge of the expression of immunotherapy targets through a range of human cancers will better define appropriate clinical settings for their use; detailed assessment of their normal tissue distribution will aid the design of future clinical protocols for monitoring the safety of these potential therapeutic regimens.
<title>Test results of a factory calibration technique for nonuniformity correction of an InSb infrared system</title> (1997)

Residual fixed pattern noise (RFPN) is a strong system performance driver for missile seekers using infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA). RFPN is a result of variations in response from detector to detector in an IRFPA given a uniform input flux. This issue is further complicated by the need for reasonable correction methods for a fielded system where blackbody sources would not be available. One means of correcting a fielded system is to determine and store gains at the factory, and collect a one point offset correction in the field. For this method to be viable, gains must be stable through time. This paper presents test results for a multi-point piecewise linear correction technique using stored gains with offsets being collected just prior to correction. Data on gain stability over time and FPA temperature are presented. Results are also presented for a linear correction technique used at various FPA temperatures between approximately 77.9 to 88.1 degrees Kelvin.
Molecular spectroscopic characterization of binding interactions in phosphazene-stabilized alumina dispersions (1987)

Fundamental research is directed toward developing new inorganic polymer dispersing agents, and clarifying the molecular interactions responsible for maintaining a dispersed colloidal phase. To minimize aggregation, particle-particle repulsion can be controlled through localized chemical interactions (polymer adsorption and steric repulsion). This condition is paramount for the production of low-void density ceramics prepared using colloidal processing techniques. 9 refs., 7 figs.
RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF A SCALE FOR ASSESSING THE FUNCTIONING OF GERIATRIC PATIENTS (1970)

A bstract A simple, objective rating scale for geriatric patients was developed and used to evaluate a sample of 207 patients at Bronx State Hospital. Evaluations were made mainly by ward attendants. Interjudge reliability based on independent assessments was +.87. Female patients were significantly older than male patients; however, there was no difference between males and females with regard to their impairment scores. Geriatric patients had significantly higher impairment scores than non‐geriatric patients. Clinical ratings by psychiatrists of the average level of ward functioning correlated closely with the mean rating scores. The scale appears to be a highly reliable and relatively valid measuring instrument for assessing the status of geriatric patients.
Multi-eigenvalue communication via the nonlinear Fourier transform (2014)

Information transmission using only the discrete component of the nonlinear Fourier transform is studied and multi-eigenvalue signal sets are presented that achieve spectral efficiencies greater than 3 bits/s/Hz.
Cover Image (2018)

The cover image, by Shaheer Khan et al., is based on the Research Article On-Line Capillary Electrophoresis/Laser Induced Fluorescence/Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Glycans Labeled with Teal ™ Fluorescent Dye using an Electrokinetic Sheath Liquid Pump-based Nanospray Ion Source DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8116.
Lung Cancer Mortality and Serum Levels of Carotenoids, Retinol, Tocopherols, and Folic Acid in Men and Women: a Case-Control Study Nested in the JACC Study (2005)

Higher serum levels of carotenoids appear to play a role in preventing death from lung cancer among Japanese men. Relationships between lung cancer and serum levels of some carotenoids appear to differ between sexes. However, further study with a large number of women cases needs to clarify the discrepancy between sexes.
Metabolic Stress in Autophagy and Cell Death Pathways (2012)

Growth factors and oncogenic kinases play important roles in stimulating cell growth during development and transformation. These processes have significant energetic and synthetic requirements and it is apparent that a central function of growth signals is to promote glucose metabolism to support these demands. Because metabolic pathways represent a fundamental aspect of cell proliferation and survival, there is considerable interest in targeting metabolism as a means to eliminate cancer. A challenge, however, is that molecular links between metabolic stress and cell death are poorly understood. Here we review current literature on how cells cope with metabolic stress and how autophagy, apoptosis, and necrosis are tightly linked to cell metabolism. Ultimately, understanding of the interplay between nutrients, autophagy, and cell death will be a key component in development of new treatment strategies to exploit the altered metabolism of cancer cells.
Chimeras of herpes simplex viral VP16 and jun are oncogenic. (1993)

The Jun protein binds DNA and regulates transcription as a component of the AP-1 transcription factor complex. In its oncogenic form, Jun can transform cells in culture and cause tumors in animals. Both trans-activation and transformation require several functional domains of Jun, including an amino-terminal trans-activation domain. In this study, properties of Jun required for trans-activation and transformation were explored by replacing the trans-activation domains of c-Jun and its oncogenic counterpart, v-Jun, with the constitutively active trans-activation domain from the herpes simplex virus VP16 protein. The VP16-v-Jun chimera retained similar oncogenic properties to its parent, v-Jun. The VP16-c-Jun chimera, however, was considerably more oncogenic than c-Jun. Substitutions of a phenylalanine in the VP16 domain of the VP16-c-Jun chimera diminished or abolished transformation. Each of the chimeras bound to the AP-1 consensus recognition sequence from the collagenase promoter or from the human T-cell leukemia virus type I long terminal repeat in vitro. None of the VP16-Jun chimeras efficiently stimulated transcription from the collagenase promoter or an artificial promoter containing the human T-cell leukemia virus type I element in vivo. These results demonstrate that the Jun trans-activation domain can be replaced by a heterologous trans-activation domain with retention of oncogenic activity. However, this oncogenic activity is not reflected in the trans-activating properties of the chimeras.
Fluxless wafer-to-wafer bonding in vacuum using electroplated Sn-rich Sn-Ag dual-layer structure (2006)

We report a wafer-to-wafer bonding technique with solder as the bonding layer but without the use of any flux. This fluxless or flux-free feature makes void-free and uniform bonding layer possible. If flux were used as in the case of typical soldering processes, the flux or flux residues could be easily trapped in the joint, resulting in voids and uneven solder layer. Flux residues, if not completely removed, could also cause potential reliability problem. The bonding process is performed in a developed vacuum chamber to inhibit solder oxidation. To prevent oxidation during solder manufacturing, 20mum of Sn is electroplated over the entire 2-inch silicon wafer, followed immediately by a thin capping layer of Ag. This outer Ag layer prevents the inner tin from oxidation when the wafer is removed from the plating bath and exposed to air. To evaluate the joint quality and study the microstructure and composition, scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) are used. The success of this development shows that it is indeed possible to bond entire wafers together with a thin metallic joint of high quality. This fluxless bonding technique can be extended to bonding wafers of different materials for new device and packaging applications
Caenorhabditis elegans unc-51 gene required for axonal elongation encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase. (1994)

Mutations in the unc-51 gene of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans result in various abnormalities in axonal elongation and axonal structures. We cloned the unc-51 gene by tagging with the transposon Tc1. The wild-type unc-51 gene, which rescued the mutant phenotypes, encodes a novel serine/threonine kinase of 856 amino acids. Mutation sites were identified in the unc-51 gene of six mutants. A Lys-->Met mutation created in vitro in the kinase domain led to the loss of rescuing activity and was dominant negative, indicating that the kinase domain of Unc-51 is essential for the function. Expression of an unc-51/lacZ fusion gene was observed in many neurons at all stages. We propose that protein phosphorylation by the unc-51 product is important for axonal elongation and possibly for axonal guidance.
Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum: III. The Action of the Sulfonamides on the Agent of Lymphogranuloma Venereum (1945)

Journal Article Studies on Lymphogranuloma Venereum: III. The Action of the Sulfonamides on the Agent of Lymphogranuloma Venereum Get access Helen Jones, Helen Jones From the Division of Microbiology and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Geoffrey Rake, Geoffrey Rake From the Division of Microbiology and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Barbara Stearns Barbara Stearns From the Division of Microbiology and the Division of Medicinal Chemistry, The Squibb Institute for Medical Research, New Brunswick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 76, Issue 1, January 1945, Pages 55–69, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/76.1.55 Published: 01 January 1945
In-vitro interrelationships between rhizosphere bacteria and Heterodera schachtii. (1990)

L'influence des rhizobacteries sur l'eclosion, le deplacement et la penetration de H s a ete evaluee dans les conditions du laboratoire. Les resultats obtenus revelent des differences marquees dans le mode d'action des differents isolats bacteriens
Proteomic-based identification of maternal proteins in mature mouse oocytes (2009)

This proteomics analysis will be a valuable resource to aid in the characterization of important maternal proteins involved in oogenesis, fertilization, early embryonic development and in revealing their mechanisms of action.
Tool‐path generation method for sheet metal incremental forming process (2011)

A tool‐path generation method for the incremental forming process is presented in this study, in which the cutter contact contour data calculation and interference‐free detection are regarded as two essential aspects. The algorithm for calculating the cutter contact contour data is based on a novel direction judgement criterion and an effective error‐tolerance slicing algorithm. Both the local and global interference detection models are considered to generate interference‐free tool‐paths based on the STL file. Finally, a case study is provided to illustrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed method.
Mouse strain‐specific nicotinic acetylcholine receptor expression by inhibitory interneurons and astrocytes in the dorsal hippocampus (2003)

The response by individuals to nicotine is likely to reflect the interaction of this compound with target nAChRs. However, resolving how different genetic backgrounds contribute to unique mouse strain-specific responses to this compound remains an important and unresolved issue. To examine this question in detail, expression of the nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits alpha3, alpha4, alpha5, alpha7, beta2, and beta4 was measured in the dorsal hippocampus using immunohistochemistry in mouse strains or lines BALB/c, C3H/J, C57BL/6, CBA/J, DBA/2, Long Sleep (LS), Short Sleep (SS), and CF1. The nAChRs in all mice colocalized with glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)-positive interneurons that were subclassified into at least four groups based on nAChR subunit heterogeneity. A notable difference between mouse strains was the expression of nAChRs by astrocyte subpopulations in CA1 subregions whose numbers vary inversely with nAChR-immunostained neurons. This novel relationship also correlated with published parameters of strain sensitivity to nicotine. Attempts to identify the origin of this significant difference in nAChR expression among strains included comparison of the entire nAChRalpha4 gene sequence. Although multiple polymorphisms were identified, including two that changed nAChRalpha4 amino acid coding, none of these clearly correlate with strain-related differences in cell type-specific nAChR expression. These findings suggest that mouse strain-specific behavioral and physiological responses to nicotine are likely to be a reflection of a complex interplay between genetic factors that shape differences in expression and cellular architecture of this modulatory neurotransmitter system in the mammalian nervous system.
Engineering plug‐in software components to support collaborative work (2002)

Abstract Many software applications require co‐operative work support, including collaborative editing, group awareness, versioning, messaging and automated notification and co‐ordination agents. Most approaches hard‐code such facilities into applications, with fixed functionality and limited ability to reuse groupware implementations. We describe our recent work in seamlessly adding such capabilities to component‐based applications via a set of collaborative work‐supporting plug‐in software components. We describe a variety of applications of this technique, along with descriptions of the novel architecture, user interface adaptation and implementation techniques for the collaborative work‐supporting components that we have developed. We report on our experiences to date with this method of supporting collaborative work enhancement of component‐based systems, and discuss the advantages of our approach over conventional techniques. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stokes vector analysis of lunar radar backscatter (2002)

Stokes vector analysis of recent high-resolution observations of the lunar surface from the Arecibo Observatory have yielded estimates of the circularly and linearly polarized components of the backscatter signal. The linearly polarized component appears to be generated from the difference in the surface transmission coefficients associated with sub-surface scattering. The orientation of this component is correlated with the local plane of incidence and so provides a new method of estimating surface topography in the cross-range direction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Cochlear Function on Auditory Temporal Resolution in Tinnitus Patients (2010)

Our aim was to analyze the influence of subtle cochlear damage on temporal auditory resolution in tinnitus patients. Forty-eight subjects (hearing threshold <or=25 dB HL) were assigned to one of two experimental groups: 28 without auditory complaints (mean age, 28.8 years) and 20 with tinnitus (mean age, 33.5 years). We analyzed distortion product otoacoustic emission growth functions (by threshold, slope, and estimated amplitude), extended high-frequency thresholds, and the Gaps-in-Noise test. There were differences between the groups, principally in the extended high-frequency thresholds and the Gaps-in-Noise test results. Our findings suggest that subtle peripheral hearing impairment affects temporal resolution in tinnitus, even when pure-tone thresholds as conventionally measured appear normal.
Investigation of 9.6 kb/s data transmission via a pcm link at 64 kb/s with and without link errors (1984)

Abstract The problem of pulse code modulation (PCM) bit errors causing voice frequency (VF) modem errors has been studied in detail. The error mechanism consists of the addition of an impulse response type error signal added to the reconstructed VF data signal waveform at the digital‐to‐analogue (D/A) output of the PCM decoder. This error signal may cause a burst of errors registering in the VF modem receiver, depending on which PCM bit is in error. Numerous data have been collected in a laboratory experiment and analysed in various ways. The average bit error rate (BER) enhancement factor of VF data over PCM is between 10 and 20. For each PCM bit in error, an average of two VF data bits are in error. The analysis leads to suggestions for possible solutions to the problem.
Peripheral glucose administration stimulates the translocation of GLUT8 glucose transporter to the endoplasmic reticulum in the rat hippocampus (2002)

The expression and localization of glucose transporter isoforms play essential roles in the glucoregulatory activities of the hippocampus and ultimately contribute to cognitive status in physiological and pathophysiological settings. The recently identified glucose transporter GLUT8 is uniquely expressed in neuronal cell bodies in the rat hippocampus and therefore may contribute to hippocampal glucoregulatory activities. We show here that GLUT8 has a novel intracellular distribution in hippocampal neurons and is translocated to intracellular membranes following glucose challenge. Immunoblot analysis revealed that GLUT8 is expressed in high-density microsomes (HDM), suggesting that GLUT8 is associated with intracellular organelles under basal conditions. Immunogold electron microscopic analysis confirmed this observation, in that GLUT8 immunogold particles were associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytoplasm. Peripheral glucose administration produced a rapid twofold increase in GLUT8 levels in the HDM fraction while decreasing GLUT8 levels in low-density microsomes. Similarly, peripheral glucose administration significantly increased GLUT8 association with the rough ER in the hippocampus. Conversely, under hyperglycemic/insulinopenic conditions, namely, in streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes, hippocampal GLUT8 protein levels were decreased in the HDM fraction. These results demonstrate that GLUT8 undergoes rapid translocation to the rough ER in the rat hippocampus following peripheral glucose administration, trafficking that is impaired in STZ diabetes, suggesting that insulin serves as a stimulus for GLUT8 translocation in hippocampal neurons. Because glucose is liberated from oligosaccharides during N-linked glycosylation events in the rough ER, we propose that GLUT8 may serve to transport glucose out of the rough ER into the cytosol and in this manner contribute to glucose homeostasis in hippocampal neurons.
Accuracy of Esophageal Capsule Endoscopy (ECE) for Diagnosis of Barrett Esophagus (BE) - A Pooled Analysis (2006)

Purpose: ECE has been recommended for the evaluation of patients with GERD and screening of BE. However, studies have revealed wide variation in ECE's accuracy for the detection of BE. The purpose of this study was to obtain a more precise estimate of ECE accuracy for the diagnosis of BE using pooled analysis. Methods: Recursive literature search for trials prospectively comparing ECE with EGD for the diagnosis of BE was performed. The ECE reader and EGD performer were blinded to the results of the 2nd test. The 2x2 tables for each trial were extracted and the data pooled. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and 95% confidence interval (CI) on the pooled data were calculated. The pooled test characteristic were applied to a hypothetical population cohort with Barrett prevalence of 10% and 15% to calculate NPV and PPV in a screening population. Results: Five trials (2 full publications) with a total of 339 patient; 144 with BE (prevalence 42%) were identified. The pooled results revealed ECE sensitivity of 81% (95% CI 77–90%), specificity of 87% (95% CI 81–91%), PPV of 82% (95% CI 75–88%) and NPV of 86% (95% CI 81–91%) for the diagnosis of BE. Based on these results, in a hypothetical population with BE prevalence of 10%;, the PPV and NPV of ECE would be 40% and 98%, respectively and with BE prevalence of 15%;, the PPV and NPV of ECE would be 52% and 96%, respectively. Conclusions: ECE has acceptable test characteristics for the screening of Barrett esophagus in patients with GERD. EGD as gold-standard for the diagnosis of Barrett esophagus may undermine the true accuracy of ECE.