gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of the pitch canker fungus, <i>Fusarium subglutinans</i> f.sp. <i>pini</i> , with Monterey pine seeds and seedlings in California (1998)

The causal agent of pitch canker disease of pines, Fusarium subglutinans f.sp. pini , is a recent introduction to California. The work presented here demonstrates that this pathogen is seed‐borne in Monterey pine ( Pinus radiata ). The pathogen was isolated from up to 83% of seeds collected from cones on recently infected branches. Seedling emergence from infested Monterey pine seeds was 9%, compared with 67% for uninfested seeds. The fungus was isolated more frequently from seedlings originating from diseased branches than from symptomless branches. However, more than 50% of seeds from symptomless Monterey pine branches produced symptomless seedlings from which the pathogen was isolated. It is hypothesized that F. s . pini is carried within the seeds, where it may remain dormant until germination. The implications of these findings for the regeneration of native and landscape‐planted Monterey pines, and for the transport of this non‐native pathogen in pine seeds and seedlings to previously uninfested areas, are discussed.
System imposed and application compliant adaptations (2004)

As more and more inexpensive, small and lightweight computer devices become available, a lot of what were formerly though of as in-office computer related activities are carried out anywhere and anytime. Reading Web news is an example. We can surf the Web at airports, on trains, and even in camp grounds. However, is it possible that more complicated distributed applications, such as scientific computing, multisite video game playing, etc., can be adapted to the mobile environment? More interestingly, how can we achieve this without rewriting the complex applications that are designed for distributed platforms in which resource locations, resource types, network connectivity, and locations of the applications themselves are more stationary and stable than in a mobile distributed environment? Our research focuses on application level context-aware adaptations. In our new application paradigm, mobile applications are a composition of three independent parts: (1) application context which identifies the application itself, such as its location, application type, quality of service constraints, hosting device power limit, etc; (2) functionality of the application, which we call the application's functional behavior; and (3) application adaptation behavior. In traditional distributed applications, it is sufficient to consider only an application's functional behavior, but for mobile applications it is also necessary to be able to adapt to a changing environment. Our research provides a new paradigm to achieve application level adaptations in mobile environment. We also distinguish between two forms of adaptations; imposed adaptations and compliance adaptations.
Glacier-Volcano interactions: With special consideration of Mt. Wrangell and Mt. Redoubt, Alaska - Abstract (1987)

Abstract Volcanoes are hazardous enough without millions of tons of ice on them, but with ice they become especially interesting, and potentially destructive, mixtures of fire and ice. Alaska is an exciting place because it has 90% of the U.S. explosive volcanoes, many of which are glacier-covered. On glacier-covered volcanoes large amounts of water, snow, ice and water-saturated rock can be mobilized during an eruption to produce rapidly moving mudflows or “Lahars”. Recent, forceful reminders of this were provided by Mt. Redoubt, Alaska in 1966, Mt. St. Helens, Washington in 1980 and Nuevo de Ruiz in Columbia in 1985. It is important to recognize that the effects of volcanism on glaciers are not limited to spectacular eruptions. Recovery from perturbations in glacier flow caused by an eruption may take decades. For example, a kinematic wave moving down Mt. Redoubt's Drift Glacier can still be observed 20 years after the eruption. During the early 1980's it looked as if this glacier terminus could advance enough to dam the Drift River which would pose a new hazard. Such glacier dammed lakes have formed here in the past. Volcanic heat flux under glaciers produces basal melt water, often at high altitudes. If this water accumulates in reservoirs, failure of the conditions of confinement can produce spectacular jokulhlaups (glacier outburst floods). Saturation of the rocks adjacent to, and underlying such reservoirs helps set the stage for massive lahars when eruptions do occur. Excellent examples of such lahars exist on the flanks of Mt. Wrangell and Mt. Redoubt. Basal melt water may also provide the fluid for convective heat transfer beneath “hot spots”; this situation apparently exists in convection cells beneath active craters along the rim of Mt. Wrangell's summit caldera. Basal melt water perturbs glacier, flow by providing a year-round source of water at the rock-ice interface and has apparently maintained anamolous advances of glacier termini along the north east flank of Mt. Wrangell since 1965. In some cases, such as at the summit of Mt. Wrangell, the loss of ice volume can be measured systematically over a period of several years to serve as a “large calorimeter” from which one can estimate magnitude and variability of the volcanic heat flux.
Differential expression of transforming growth factors alpha and beta in rat intestinal epithelial cells. (1989)

Expression of transforming growth factor alpha (TGF alpha), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) was assessed in isolated primary rat intestinal epithelial cells as well as a rat intestinal crypt cell-derived cell line (IEC-6). A gradient in TGF beta was present, with high concentrations of a 2.5-kb transcript found in undifferentiated crypt cells and progressively lower amounts of the TGF beta transcript in increasingly differentiated villus cell populations. In contrast, the concentration of 4.5-kb TGF alpha transcript was higher in differentiated villus cells than in mitotically active, undifferentiated populations of crypt epithelial cells. The concentrations of transforming growth factors alpha and beta as determined by radioreceptor binding inhibition assay and direct assessment of transforming growth factor biological activity correlated with Northern blot analysis. Although gradients in the expression of the TGFs were present, equivalent binding was observed in the different intestinal cell populations when assessed with 125I-TGF beta and 125I-EGF (TGF alpha). No EGF transcripts were detected in any intestinal cell population, suggesting that the true ligand of the EGF receptor was TGF alpha. IEC-6 cells expressed both TGF alpha and TGF beta transcripts. In addition to the transcripts identified in the primary intestinal cells, this cell line contained an additional larger TGF alpha transcript (4.8 kb) and smaller TGF beta transcripts (2.2 and 1.8 kb). TGF alpha and TGF beta may play a significant role in the regulation of the balance between proliferative and differentiated cell compartments in the intestinal epithelium through both autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.
Isopimaric acid from <i>Pinus nigra</i> shows activity against multidrug‐resistant and EMRSA strains of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

The diterpene isopimaric acid was extracted from the immature cones of Pinus nigra (Arnold) using bioassay-guided fractionation of a crude hexane extract. Isopimaric acid was assayed against multidrug-resistant (MDR) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were 32-64 microg/mL and compared with a commercially obtained resin acid, abietic acid, with MICs of 64 microg/mL. Resin acids are known to have antibacterial activity and are valued in traditional medicine for their antiseptic properties. These results show that isopimaric acid is active against MDR and MRSA strains of S. aureus which are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics. Both compounds were evaluated for modulation activity in combination with antibiotics, but did not potentiate the activity of the antibiotics tested. However, the compounds were also assayed in combination with the efflux pump inhibitor reserpine, to see if inhibition of the TetK or NorA efflux pump increased their activity. Interestingly, rather than a potentiation of activity by a reduction in MIC, a two to four-fold increase in MIC was seen. It may be that isopimaric acid and abietic acid are not substrates for these efflux pumps, but it is also possible that an antagonistic interaction with reserpine may render the antibiotics inactive. 1H-NMR of abietic acid and reserpine taken individually and in combination, revealed a shift in resonance of some peaks for both compounds when mixed together compared with the spectra of the compounds on their own. It is proposed that this may be due to complex formation between abietic acid and reserpine and that this complex formation is responsible for a reduction in activity and elevation of MIC.
Paracas Cavernas and Chavin. A. L. Kroeber, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 313-48, plates 26-32. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1953, $.50. (1954)

Paracas Cavernas and Chavin. A. L. Kroeber, University of California Publications in American Archaeology and Ethnology, Vol. 40, No. 8, pp. 313-48, plates 26-32. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1953, $.50. - Volume 20 Issue 2
Synthesis of 4′‐C‐Ethynyl and 4′‐C‐Cyano Purine Nucleosides from Natural Nucleosides and Their anti‐HIV Activity (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gastroretentive drug delivery systems for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori. (2014)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the most common pathogenic bacterial infections and is found in the stomachs of approximately half of the world's population. It is the primary known cause of gastritis, gastroduodenal ulcer disease and gastric cancer. However, combined drug therapy as the general treatment in the clinic, the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, adverse reactions and poor patient compliance are major obstacles to the eradication of H. pylori. Oral site-specific drug delivery systems that could increase the longevity of the treatment agent at the target site might improve the therapeutic effect and avoid side effects. Gastroretentive drug delivery systems potentially prolong the gastric retention time and controlled/sustained release of a drug, thereby increasing the concentration of the drug at the application site, potentially improving its bioavailability and reducing the necessary dosage. Recommended gastroretentive drug delivery systems for enhancing local drug delivery include floating systems, bioadhesive systems and expandable systems. In this review, we summarize the important physiological parameters of the gastrointestinal tract that affect the gastric residence time. We then focus on various aspects useful in the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems, including current trends and the progress of novel forms, especially with respect to their application for the treatment of H. pylori infections.
Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As double-heterostructure rib-waveguide injection laser (1975)

A "rib-guide" optical-waveguide structure proposed as a means of injection-laser transverse-mode control, independent of current distribution, has been demonstrated in an AlGaAs double-hereto-structure (DH) diode laser. The new structure showed stable single-transverse-mode operation at currents to twice threshold with small rib dimensions, and the observed higher order modes in large structures are in reasonable agreement with theory.
37. Heterocyclic imines and amines. Part IX. Glutarimidine and the imidine from α-phenylglutaronitrile (1959)

J. A. Elvidge, R. P. Linstead and A. M. Salaman, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 208 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590000208
Automatic Identification of the Sung Language in Popular Music Recordings (2007)

Abstract As part of the research into content-based music information retrieval (MIR), this paper presents a preliminary attempt to automatically identify the language sung in popular music recordings. It is assumed that each language has its own set of constraints that specify the sequence of basic linguistic events when lyrics are sung. Thus, the acoustic structure of individual languages may be characterized by statistically modelling those constraints. To achieve this, the proposed method employs vector clustering to convert a singing signal from its spectrum-based feature representation into a sequence of smaller basic phonological units. The dynamic characteristics of the sequence are then analysed using bigram language models. As vector clustering is performed in an unsupervised manner, the resulting system does not need sophisticated linguistic knowledge; therefore, it is easily portable to new language sets. In addition, to eliminate interference from background music, we leverage the statistical estimation of the background musical accompaniment of a song so that the vector clustering truly reflects the solo singing voices in the accompanied signals.
Application of a boron source diffusion barrier for the fabrication of back contact silicon solar cells (2005)

Interdigitated back contact and emitter wrap-through solar cells were fabricated using a diffusion barrier to achieve selective phosphorus diffusion for the patterning of the base and the emitter regions on the cell rear. The addition of boron to the diffusion barrier for emitter formation in the underlying n-type base and for the formation of a back surface field in the case of a p-type base was further examined. Boron was successfully incorporated into the n-type Si for the creation of rear p/sup +/ emitters in an interdigitated back contact cell. An order of magnitude improvement in the surface recombination velocity to 10/sup 3/ cm/s could be achieved with a p/sup +/ surface field applied to the base of p-type wafers. Incorporating this technology, best multi-crystalline emitter wrap-through cell performance could be gained with a 1k-2k /spl Omega///spl square/ surface field; however, the characteristics were rapidly dominated by increased saturation current as the surface field layer concentration was increased.
Sodium‐Aluminum‐Oxygen Phase Diagram and its Application to Solid‐State Electrochemistry (1991)

The ternary Al‐Na‐O system phase diagram has been calculated from data pertaining to partial binary sub‐systems, in order to analyze the equilibria between the different phases that can exist under various experimental conditions. The deduced activity of the constituents determines the composition of the adsorbed phase which, in turn, influences the electrochemical exchanges of species at the interface. Complementing the study of complex potentiometric chains involving β‐alumina, best conditions for EMF measurements are calculated and their dependence on oxygen and sodium partial pressure is investigated.
In vivo demonstration of red cell-endothelial interaction, sickling and altered microvascular response to oxygen in the sickle transgenic mouse. (1995)

Intravascular sickling, red cell-endothelium interaction, and altered microvascular responses have been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of human sickle cell disease, but have never been demonstrated under in vivo flow. To address this issue, we have examined a transgenic mouse line, alphaHbetaSbetaS-Antilles [betaMDD] which has a combined high (78%) expression of beta S and beta S-Antilles globins. In vivo microcirculatory studies using the cremaster muscle preparation showed adhesion of red cells, restricted to postcapillary venules, in transgenic mice but not in control mice. Electron microscopy revealed distinct contacts between the red cell membrane and the endothelium surface. Some red cells exhibiting sickling were regularly observed in the venular flow. Infusion of transgenic mouse red cells into the ex vivo mesocecum vasculature also showed adhesion of mouse red cells exclusively in venules. Under resting conditions (pO2, 15-20 mmHg), there were no differences in the cremaster microvascular diameters of control and transgenic mice; however, transgenic mice showed a drastic reduction in microvascular red cell velocities (Vrbc) with maximal Vrbc decrease (> 60%) occurring in venules, the sites of red cell adhesion and sickling. Local, transient hyperoxia (pO2, 150 mmHg) resulted in striking differences between control and transgenic mice. In controls, oxygen caused a 69% arteriolar constriction, accompanied by 75% reduction in Vrbc. In contrast, in transgenic mice, hyperoxia resulted in only 8% decrease in the arteriolar diameter and in 68% increase in VrBC; the latter is probably due to an improved flow behavior of red cells as a consequence of unsickling. In summary, the high expression of human sickle hemoglobin in the mouse results not only in intravascular sickling but also red cell-endothelium interaction. The altered microvascular response to oxygen could be secondary to blood rheological changes, although possible intrinsic differences in the endothelial cell/vascular smooth muscle function in the transgenic mouse may also contribute. These sickle transgenic mice could serve as a useful model to investigate vasoocclusive mechanisms, as well as to test potential therapies.
Rate-distortion optimized 3D reconstruction from noise-corrupted multiview depth videos (2013)

Transmitting compactly represented geometry of a dynamic scene from a sender can enable a multitude of 3D imaging functionalities at a receiver, such as synthesis of virtual images from freely chosen viewpoints via depth-image-based rendering (DIBR). While depth maps can now be readily captured using inexpensive depth sensors, they are often corrupted by non-negligible acquisition noise. In this paper, we derive 3D surfaces of a dynamic scene from noise-corrupted depth maps in a rate-distortion (RD) optimal manner. Specifically, unlike previous work that finds the most likely (e.g., maximum likelihood) 3D surface from noisy observations regardless of representation size, we judiciously search for the best fitting (i.e., minimum distortion) 3D surface subject to a bitrate constraint. Our RD-optimal solution reduces to the maximum likelihood solution as the rate constraint is loosened. Using the MVC codec for compression of multiview depth video and MPEG free viewpoint test sequences as input, experimental results show that RD-optimized 3D reconstructions computed by our algorithm outperform unprocessed depth maps by up to 2:42dB in PSNR of synthesized virtual views at the decoder for the same bitrate.
Genetic-based rotation assignment in macro cell layout (2002)

In this paper, genetic-based rotation assignment is proposed to minimize total wire length in a macro cell layout. In general, the placement phase in physical design places a set of macro cells with minimum area or total wire length. It is assumed that all the pins on the macro cells have been assigned on the fixed positions after the placement phase. In order to reduce the routing area, another advanced improvement will be done to minimize total wire length by assigning the rotation states of macro cells. In genetic-based rotation assignment, we represent each cell in a macro cell layout by two rotation bits. Furthermore, the genetic approach assigns the feasible rotation states to minimize total wire length. Finally, the proposed approach has been implemented and tested on several benchmarks. The experimental results show that the proposed genetic-based rotation assignment is effective on these tested benchmarks.
On some microwave physics research at Moscow State University and Russian Industries (1996)

Summary form only given. The further development of vacuum microwave electronics encounters fundamental limitations caused by the non-linear disgrouping effect of space charge fields in electron beams and needs extraordinary scientific and technical solutions. Only in Russia investigations in the new field of microwave electronics based on transverse grouping of homogeneous electron beam in circularly polarized electromagnetic fields of slow-wave structures and resonant cavities, were developed successfully. Experimental investigations were tightly combined with computer analysis using three-dimensional digital models. New types of microwave devices with unique sets of parameters have been designed, experimentally tested and manufactured. The development of these microwave devices has been made possible by the close collaboration of academic research at Moscow State University and industrial research and development at the Russian industrial firms ISTOK and TORIV. The report includes the discussion of some non-traditional devices.
Electron-transfer communication between redox-functionalized polymers and the active center of the enzyme glutathione reductase (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron-transfer communication between redox-functionalized polymers and the active center of the enzyme glutathione reductaseItamar Willner, Ron Kasher, Eran Zahavy, and Noa LapidotCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10963–10965Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00053a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts