gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Basis of Replication of Duck H5N1 Influenza Viruses in a Mammalian Mouse Model (2005)

We recently analyzed a series of H5N1 viruses isolated from healthy ducks in southern China since 1999 and found that these viruses had progressively acquired the ability to replicate and cause disease in mice. In the present study, we explored the genetic basis of this change in host range by comparing two of the viruses that are genetically similar but differ in their ability to infect mice and have different pathogenicity in mice. A/duck/Guangxi/22/2001 (DKGX/22) is nonpathogenic in mice, whereas A/duck/Guangxi/35/2001 (DKGX/35) is highly pathogenic. We used reverse genetics to create a series of single-gene recombinants that contained one gene from DKGX/22 and the remaining seven gene segments from DKGX/35. We find that the PA, NA, and NS genes of DKGX/22 could attenuate DKGX/35 virus to some extent, but PB2 of DKGX/22 virus attenuated the DKGX/35 virus dramatically, and an Asn-to-Asp substitution at position 701 of PB2 plays a key role in this function. Conversely, of the recombinant viruses in the DKGX/22 background, only the one that contains the PB2 gene of DKGX/35 was able to replicate in mice. A single amino acid substitution (Asp to Asn) at position 701 of PB2 enabled DKGX/22 to infect and become lethal for mice. These results demonstrate that amino acid Asn 701 of PB2 is one of the important determinants for this avian influenza virus to cross the host species barrier and infect mice, though the replication and lethality of H5N1 influenza viruses involve multiple genes and may result from a constellation of genes. Our findings may help to explain the expansion of the host range and lethality of the H5N1 influenza viruses to humans.
Impact of lateral source/drain abruptness on device performance (2002)

This paper presents a detailed study of the impact of lateral doping abruptness in the source/drain extension region and the gate-extension overlap length on device performance. Proper choice of the metric used to compare the different device designs is essential. Series resistance and threshold voltage roll-offs are shown to be incomplete measures of device performance that could lead to inconsistent lateral abruptness requirements. While series resistance is seen to improve with increasing junction abruptness, threshold voltage roll-off could be degraded by both lateral junctions that are too gradual and too abrupt - in contrast to the conventional scaling assumptions. The I/sub on/ (supernominal)-I/sub off/ (subnominal) plot, which takes into account statistical variations of gate length, is proposed as a good metric for comparing different device technology designs. Gate-extension overlap length is shown to interact with lateral doping abruptness and to have a significant impact on device performance.
United Center, Chicago, Illinois (1995)

The United Center is a new sports and entertainment facility in Chicago. It has a total of eight levels with a maximum seating capacity of 22,000, with 216 suites built on three private levels. In addition to professional sports, the new arena will be used as a show place for college athletics and special events. The arena has overall dimensions of 163.4 m x 124.4 m, with a curved roof that peaks at a height of 45.75 m.
PD-L1 peptide co-stimulation increases immunogenicity of a dendritic cell-based cancer vaccine (2016)

We recently described naturally occurring PD-L1-specific T cells that recognize PD-L1-expressing immune cells as well as malignant cells. In the present study, we investigated whether the immunogenicity of a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine could be influenced by co-stimulation with a known PD-L1-derived epitope. We incubated a PD-L1-derived peptide epitope (19 amino acids long) or a control peptide (an irrelevant HIV epitope) with peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with malignant melanoma who had received a DC-based vaccine. We observed a significantly higher number of T cells that reacted to the vaccine in cultures that had been co-stimulated with the PD-L1 peptide epitope compared to cultures incubated with control peptide. Next, we characterized a novel PD-L1-derived epitope (23 amino acids long) and found that co-stimulation with both PD-L1 epitopes boosted the immune response elicited by the DC vaccine even further. Consequently, we observed a significant increase in the number of vaccine-reacting T cells in vitro. In conclusion, activation of PD-L1-specific T cells may directly modulate immunogenicity of DC vaccines. Addition of PD-L1 epitopes may thus be an easily applicable and attractive option to augment the effectiveness of cancer vaccines and other immunotherapeutic agents.
Depression of cell-mediated immunity following inoculation of Trichinella spiralis extract in the mouse. (1978)

Mice pretreated with Trichinella spiralis extract (TsE), or infected with the parasite, rejected primary skin allografts in 18-23 days and secondary allografts in 12-16 days. Mice pretreated with saline or with bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejected the primary allografts in 12-18 days and did not accept the secondary grafts. Inoculation of increasing doses of parental spleen cells from mice pretreated with saline or with BSA in F1 hybrids produced proportionately stronger graft-versus-host reactions (GvHR) whereas increasing doses of cells from TsE pretreated mice reduced proportionately the capacity of the inoculum to induce a GvHR. Immunodepression of the parental cells was obtained with 7 and with 4, but not with 2, daily injections of TsE. The depression waned rapidly after the treatment with TsE but a significant degree still remained after 3 days. Immunodepression by TsE cannot be solely explained by antigenic competition and although our results are consistent with the induction of suppressor cells, it is probable that other mechanisms are also involved.
<title>Environmentally insensitive commercial pressure sensor</title> (1991)

Fiber optic sensors typically suffer from environmental effects that result in drift temperature sensitivity and bending induced inaccuracies. This paper describes a rugged fiber optic pressure sensor free of these inaccuracies and suitable for environmental and process control applications. A high degree of stability and accuracy is achieved through the use of wavelength referencing and in-situ calibration techniques. The critical issues for performance described in the paper are related to the opto-electronic interface the fiber link and the sensing element. Commercialization issues are also addressed.
The importance of technical service quality of activities in adventure tourism provided by companies in Spain, Italy and Costa Rica (2014)

espanolUn! parametro! esta! constituido! por! diez! items! y! la! importancia! que! se! le! de! a! cada! uno! de! ellos! conforma! el! valor! objetivo! final que! poseera.! Este! valor!es!aportado!por!el!propio!sector!empresarial,!y! se! aplica! a! cada! unos! de! los! ! items! y,! por! tanto,! a! cada! parametro! que! identifica! la! calidad! tecnica! en! las! empresas! de! turismo! de! aventura! o! turismo! activo.! Los! datos! finales! obtenidos! son! contrastados! con! cada! entidad! aportando! una! medida! objetiva! en! relacion! a! la! realidad! del! sector,! que! a! su! vez! es! segmentada!por!cada!uno!de!los!paises!en!los!que!se! ha! aplicado.!Dicho! proceso! se! ha! realizado! a! traves! de! la! obtencion! de! los! datos! recogidos! por! el! metodo!HEVA™.! En!conclusion,!se!identifican!unos!valores!estandares! significativos,!como!media!empresarial,!a!la!vez!que! una! diferenciacion! entre! companias! en! funcion! del! pais!de!origen. EnglishA! parameter! consists! of! ten! items;! the! importance! attributed! to!each! of! them! corresponds! to! the! final! objective!value!it!will! have.!This!value!is!created! by! the!proper!commercial!sector!and!applied!to!each!of! the! parameters! and! thus! to! each! parameter! that! identifies! technical! quality! in! adventure/active! tourism!providers.! The! final! results! obtained! for! every! company! are! compared! using! a! measurement! unit! applicable! to! the!sector!reality,!which!in!its!turn!is!segmented!for! each!of!the!countries!where!it!has!been!applied.!The! aforementioned! process! has! been! performed! obtaining! the! data! collected! using! the! HEVA™! method.! In! conclusion,! some! standard! significant! values! are! identified!as!the!commercial!average!together!with!a! clear!differentiation!among!companies depending!on! the!country!of!origin.
The downstream core promoter element, DPE, is conserved from<i>Drosophila</i> to humans and is recognized by TAF<sub>II</sub>60 of <i>Drosophila</i> (1997)

We analyzed the function of the downstream promoter element (DPE), a distinct 7-nucleotide core promoter element that is approximately 30 nucleotides downstream of the transcription start site of many TATA-box-deficient (TATA-less) promoters in Drosophila. There is a strict requirement for spacing between the Inr and DPE motifs, as an increase or decrease of 3 nucleotides in the distance between the Inr and DPE causes a seven- to eightfold reduction in transcription as well as a significant reduction in the binding of purified TFIID. These results suggest a specific and somewhat rigid interaction of TFIID with the Inr and DPE sequences. Photo-cross-linking analysis of purified TFIID with a TATA-less DPE-containing promoter revealed specific cross-linking of dTAFII60 and dTAFII40 to the DPE, with a higher efficiency of cross-linking to dTAFII60 than to dTAFII40. These data, combined with the previously well-characterized interactions between the two TAFs and their homology to histones H4 and H3, suggest that a dTAFII60-dTAFII40 heterotetramer binds to the DPE. Human and Drosophila transcription factors exhibit essentially the same requirements for DPE sequence and for Inr-DPE spacing. In addition, the TATA-less promoter of the human interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) gene contains a DPE that is important for transcriptional activity both in vitro and in cultured cells. Hence, these studies provide evidence for a direct role of TAFs in basal transcription of TATA-less DPE-containing genes and collectively indicate that the DPE is, in many respects, a downstream counterpart to the TATA box that is present in Drosophila to humans.
Insulin Stimulates the Phosphorylation of the 66- and 52-Kilodalton Shc Isoforms by Distinct Pathways (1997)

In contrast to the 52-kDa Shc isoform, insulin stimulation caused a quantitative, time-dependent decrease in the SDS-PAGE mobility of 66-kDa Shc in both Chinese hamster ovary/IR cells and 3T3L1 adipocytes.Alkaline phosphatase treatment and direct phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that insulin stimulated an increase in serine phosphorylation of the 66-kDa isoform but not 52-kDa Shc, although the latter displayed a marked increase in tyrosine phosphorylation.To identify the responsible kinase pathway, we compared the effects on 66-kDa Shc serine phosphorylation by insulin, anisomycin, and osmotic shock, agents that specifically activate the ERK, JNK, or both pathways, respectively.Insulin and osmotic shock both stimulated a decrease in 66-kDa Shc mobility, whereas aniso-mycin had no effect.Furthermore, expression of a dominant-interfering Ras mutant (N17Ras) prevented the insulin-stimulated, but not the osmotic shock-induced serine phosphorylation of 66-kDa Shc.Consistent with a MEK-dependent pathway mediating 66-kDa Shc serine phosphorylation, the specific MEK inhibitor (PD98059) and expression of a dominant-interfering MEK mutant partially inhibited both the insulin and osmotic shock-induced reduction in 66-kDa Shc mobility.In contrast, expression of the MAP kinase phosphatase (MKP-1) completely prevented ERK activation but did not inhibit the serine phosphorylation of 66-kDa Shc.These data demonstrate that insulin stimulates the serine phosphorylation of the 66-kDa Shc isoform through a MEK-dependent mechanism.(
Fast Inter Mode Prediction for P Slices in the H264 Video Coding Standard (2005)

We propose an inter mode decision scheme for P slices in the H264 video coding standard. Our scheme initially exploits neighborhood information jointly with a set of skip mode conditions for enhanced skip mode decision. It subsequently performs inter mode decision for the remaining macroblocks by using a gentle set of smoothness constraints. For RD performance very close to the standard, we achieve 35-58% reduction in run times and 33-55% reduction in CPU cycles for both the rate controlled and the non rate controlled versions of H264. Compared to other non gradient based work that has been proposed as input to the standard, gains of 9-23% in run times and 7-22% in CPU cycles are also reported. Finally, with respect to other gradient based approaches for mode decision, gains of 9% are reported in run times.
Compatibility of the nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide and thiourea with anhydrous authority and muscle ammonia (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompatibility of the nitrification inhibitors dicyandiamide and thiourea with anhydrous authority and muscle ammoniaJoe Gautney, Yong K. Kim, and Patrick M. GagenCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 645–650Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i300020a028https://doi.org/10.1021/i300020a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Continuous-wave oscillation of a monomode thulium-doped fibre laser (1988)

Laser emission in the wavelength band 1.88–1.96 pm has been observed in a monomode fibre doped with thulium. When pumped with a dye laser at 797 nm an absorbed threshold power of 21 mW and a slope efficiency of 13% were obtained.
Image processing by neural networks (1996)

Neural networks and related techniques are powerful tools that prove their efficiency in real-world applications, where problems are badly defined or difficult to formalize. Some applications, especially those involving images, require a huge number of operations and an enormous reduction of the dataflow from input to output data. For sorting objects by vision or image analysis, for example, inputs are images at video rate; outputs are correcting values, names of objects, or locations of specific objects in a picture. For several years, our group has been involved in image-processing applications, mainly with connectionist algorithms such as neural networks, that enable efficient use of parallel hardware. We designed and tested our first-generation processor, L-Neuro 1.0, on shape recognition with neural networks and image compression applications. However, unlike L-Neuro 1.0 and chips such as Intel's NI 1000 and IBMs ZISC, our newest processor, L-Neuro 2.3, is a multiDSP. It exhibits full general-purpose vector processing capabilities, like Siemens' MA16, Adaptive Solutions' CNAPS, Mitsubishi's Neuro 4, and AT&T's HIP. This fully programmable vector processor uses an array of 12 digital signal processors to perform up to 2 billion arithmetic operations per second and achieve a peak transfer throughout of 2 Gbytes/s for image-processing applications.
Numerical Simulation Method of Pollutant Dispersion at a Highway Toll Plaza (2010)

A numerical simulation method based on the computation fluid dynamics(CFD) was proposed in order to investigate the effects of vehicle emissions on air quality at a toll plaza.A full size three-dimensional CFD model was established according to the real size of the toll plaza studied.This method was on the foundation of Navier-Stokes equations and the standard turbulence model was adopted.Pollutant dispersion was simulated by considering the influence factors including wind speed,wind direction,air temperature,topography,traffic volume,toll collection manner,etc.A traffic simulation model based on the system dynamics was established to calculate the average travel time of all the vehicles passing through the toll plaza.On this basis,the pollutant emission resource strength was calculated.A case study of a toll station on the Chongqing-Guizhou highway was given and the results of simulation and the field measurement fitted well.This indicated that the proposed method was valuable in practical applications.
A experiência da morbidade materna grave: revisão integrativa (2013)

Introducao: Os estudos de morbidade materna grave vem contribuindo para compreender melhor o contexto em que a mortalidade materna ocorre, uma vez que as mulheres sobreviventes podem revelar informacoes importantes sobre o evento. Sabe-se tambem que a morbidade materna grave pode acarretar serios agravos a saude fisica e mental da mulher. Objetivos: Realizar uma Revisao Integrativa sobre o que dizem as mulheres da experiencia da morbidade materna grave. Metodologia ou Descricao da Experiencia: Foi realizada busca com palavras-chave: “severe maternal morbidity”, “near-miss” and “maternal” e “qualitative”. Sendo que a ultima foi utilizada para filtrar os artigos encontrados na base de dados Science Direct. A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL, EMBASE, SCIENCE DIRECT, SCOPUS e WEB OF SCIENCE. Foram encontrados 1823 artigos, dos quais apenas 16 foram incluidos na primeira analise realizada pela leitura de titulo e resumo dos artigos encontrados. Ficando apenas 11 artigos apos analise criteriosa, atraves de instrumento especifico. Resultados: Foram incluidos estudos qualitativos e identificadas tres dimensoes da experiencia da morbidade materna grave. A experiencia emocional evidenciou a prevalencia de sentimentos de medo e culpa vivenciado pelas mulheres. O contexto cultural e socioeconomico mostrou interferir nas praticas de cuidado em saude, papeis de submissao desempenhados pelas mulheres e dificuldades financeiras tambem podem agravar a experiencia da morbidade materna grave. A falta de cuidado humanizado foi mencionada pelas mulheres como fonte de duvidas e insegurancas. Conclusao ou Hipoteses: O acesso aos servicos de saude e o empoderamento da mulher sobre sua saude sao essenciais para garantir a sobrevivencia dessas mulheres. O cuidado humanizado e o acompanhamento posterior tambem sao ferramentas importantes para a superacao do evento e possiveis consequencias. Sendo importante uma melhor integracao entre politicas de saude e politicas sociais na atencao a saude materna.
Identification of the cellular source of laminin β2 in adult and developing vertebrate retinae (1997)

The interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) is a specialized extracellular matrix that surrounds the inner and outer segments of photoreceptors. This matrix contains molecules that may be important in directing photoreceptor differentiation and survival. For example, one molecule that we have previously identified as a component of the IPM, laminin beta2 (formerly known as s-laminin), is implicated in the differentiation of rod photoreceptor cells. Developmentally, laminin beta2 is present before rod birth in a position that is consistent with a role in directing rod differentiation; it is found, in both the rat and skate, in the ventricular space that ultimately becomes the IPM. In this study, we identify the source of laminin beta2 in the adult and developing retina. Both immunohistochemistry in the adult skate retina and in situ hybridizations in the adult rat retina reveal that laminin beta2 is produced by Müller cells. In addition, in the skate but not the rat retina, retinal pigment epithelial cells may be an alternative source of laminin beta2. During development, however, laminin beta2 is present before the birth of Müller glial cells; at this stage of development, laminin beta2 RNA is present within the neuroepithelial layer in a pattern that is consistent with its production by neuroepithelial cells.
Multiplexed DNA Detection Using Spectrally Encoded Porous SiO<sub>2</sub> Photonic Crystal Particles (2009)

A particle-based multiplexed DNA assay based on encoded porous SiO(2) photonic crystal disks is demonstrated. A "spectral barcode" is generated by electrochemical etch of a single-crystal silicon wafer using a programmed current-time waveform. A lithographic procedure is used to isolate cylindrical microparticles 25 microm in diameter and 10 microm thick, which are then oxidized, modified with a silane linker, and conjugated to various amino-functionalized oligonucleotide probes via cyanuric chloride. It is shown that the particles can be decoded based on their reflectivity spectra and that a multiple analyte assay can be performed in a single sample with a modified fluorescence microscope. The homogeneity of the reflectivity and fluorescence spectra, both within and across the microparticles, is also reported.
Methoxymethyl isocyanate from thermal rearrangement of 5-methoxymethyldioxazolone (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethoxymethyl isocyanate from thermal rearrangement of 5-methoxymethyldioxazoloneW. J. KauffmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 16, 2472–2473Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00930a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00930a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts