gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 10-Gb/s, 107-mW Double-Edge Pulsewidth Modulation Transceiver (2013)

A 10-Gb/s serial link transceiver is demonstrated using double-edged pulsewidth modulation to overcome frequency-dependent losses in electrical interconnects. Time domain modulation is discussed as a means to enhance the spectral efficiency in channels with sharp frequency roll-off similar to multilevel voltage-domain modulation such as 4-PAM. The transmitter and receiver are high-speed programmable digital-to-time and time-to-digital converters that adapt to channel bandwidth characteristics with a timing resolution of 40 ps. This paper presents a low-jitter, phase rotation architecture for cycle-to-cycle transmit pulsewidth control. The transceiver includes an elastic buffer to move data between synchronous and plesiochronous clock domains and is implemented in 45-nm CMOS SOI. Transmitter and receiver functionality is demonstrated to 10 Gb/s at a BER of under 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and is compared against NRZ schemes at the same rate. The inductor-less transmitter and receiver active circuitry respectively occupy an area of 93 × 94 and 218 × 160 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and consume a total 107 mW from a 1.2 V supply.
Towards robust on-line multi-robot coverage (2006)

Area coverage is an important task for mobile robots, with many real-world applications. In many cases, the coverage has to be completed without the use of a map or any a priori knowledge about the area, a process referred-to as on-line coverage. Previous investigations of multi-robot on-line coverage focused on the improved efficiency gained from the use of multiple robots, but did not formally addressed the potential for greater robustness. We present a novel multi-robot on-line coverage algorithm, based on approximate cell decomposition. We analytically show that the algorithm is complete and robust, in that as long as a single robot is able to move, the coverage would be completed. We analyze the assumptions underlying the algorithm requirements and present a number of techniques for executing it in real robots. We show empirical coverage-time results of running the algorithm in two different environments and several group sizes
A biodegradable diblcok copolymer poly(ethylene glycol)‐<i>block</i>‐poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide‐<i>co</i>‐2‐methyl‐2‐carboxyl‐propylene carbonate): Docetaxel and RGD conjugation (2008)

Abstract A diblcok copolymer monomethoxy poly (ethyleneglycol)‐ block ‐poly( L ‐lactide‐ co ‐2‐methyl‐2‐carboxyl‐propylene carbonate) (MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC)) was obtained by copolymerization of L ‐lactide (LA) and 2‐methyl‐2‐benzoxycarbonyl‐propylene carbonate (MBC) and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. The pendant carboxyl groups of the copolymer MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC) were conjugated with antitumor drug docetaxel and tripeptide arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD), respectively. 1 H‐NMR spectra confirmed the structure of the copolymer MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC/docetaxel) and MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC/RGD). In vitro antitumor assay indicates that the MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC/docetaxel) conjugate shows high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cancer cells. Cell adhesion and spreading experiment shows that copolymer MPEG‐ b ‐P(LA‐ co ‐MCC/RGD) is of benefit to cell adherence and is a promising biodegradable material for cell and tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Upconversion Fluorescence Enables Homogeneous Immunoassay in Whole Blood (2007)

Many medical conditions are related to alterations in protein or hormone concentrations in blood. These changes are commonly detected with heterogeneous immunoassays that require a separation step before signal measurement. A simple homogeneous assay performable directly in whole blood would be useful in clinical diagnostics, but the performance of homogeneous fluorescence-based immunoassays has been severely limited by autofluorescence and strong absorption of ultraviolet and visible light in whole blood. These problems might be avoided by the use of near-infrared excited upconversion fluorescence. We recently described a novel homogeneous assay method based on upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). In this method an upconverting phosphor (UCP) is used as a donor and a fluorescent protein or a small-molecular fluorescent dye is used as an acceptor (1)(2). We report here the use of a competitive homogeneous immunoassay for 17β-estradiol (E2) in whole blood as a model to demonstrate the application of upconversion FRET using a near-infrared fluorescent acceptor dye (Fig. 1A⇓ ; and see Fig. 1 in the Data Supplement that accompanies the online version of this Letter at http://www.clinchem.org/content/vol53/issue1).



 Figure 1. 
Principle ( A ) and standard curves ( B ) of the upconversion FRET-based competitive homogeneous E2 immunoassay.

( A ), the anti-E2-Fab-coated FCD-546–1 UCP (donor) can bind E2 (analyte) and E2-AF680 conjugate (acceptor). Phosphor emission at …
Prostate cancer characterization on MR images using fractal features (2010)

Classification using the authors' model combining fractal and multifractal features was more accurate than classification using classical texture features (such as Haralick, wavelet, and Gabor filters). Moreover, the method was more robust against signal intensity variations. Although the method was only applied to T2 images, it could be extended to multispectral MR.
Atomic layer deposition of molybdenum disulfide films using MoF6 and H2S (2017)

Molybdenum sulfide films were grown by atomic layer deposition on silicon and fused silica substrates using molybdenum hexafluoride (MoF6) and hydrogen sulfide at 200 °C. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements confirmed linear growth at 0.46 Å/cycle and self-limiting chemistry for both precursors. Analysis of the QCM step shapes indicated that MoS2 is the reaction product, and this finding is supported by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements showing that Mo is predominantly in the Mo(IV) state. However, Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction measurements failed to identify crystalline MoS2 in the as-deposited films, and this might result from unreacted MoFx residues in the films. Annealing the films at 350 °C in a hydrogen rich environment yielded crystalline MoS2 and reduced the F concentration in the films. Optical transmission measurements yielded a bandgap of 1.3 eV. Finally, the authors observed that the MoS2 growth per cycle was accelerated when a fraction of the MoF6 pulses were substituted with diethyl zinc.
A Minor Group of Rheumatoid Factors Isolated from a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis is Derived from Somatically Mutated VK1 Genes Further Evidence That Rheumatoid Factors During Autoimmune Diseases Undergo an Antigen Driven Maturation (1993)

To better understand the structural basis for rheumatoid factor [RF] activity and the origin of autoantibodies in human autoimmune diseases, we isolated the RF producing B cells from the peripheral blood and from the synovial fluid of a patient suffering from rheumatoid arthritis [RA]. We previously demonstrated that a significant fraction of these RF were derived from three V kappa III genes known to encode most of the monoclonal RF light chain variable regions. To get more insight into the actual repertoire of RF-V kappa genes during RA, we analyzed the nucleotide sequences of RF light chain variable regions of other V kappa families. Using two sets of polymerase chain reactions in order to amplify the cDNA derived from RF producing cells from the same patient KRA, we isolated only three different rearranged V kappa-J kappa complexes: slkv5, slkv7 and bkv42, all derived from V kappa I germ-line genes not previously known to be associated with RF activity; this suggests that the repertoire of VL genes coding for RF during RA is more diverse than the one involved in the generation of paraprotein RF during monoclonal lymphoid proliferations, although there remains a possible bias in favor of the V kappa III family. Moreover, each of these genes is somatically mutated with a pattern suggesting a selective pressure of the antigen. Particularly interesting is the additional proline residue at the V kappa-J kappa junction of bkv42, an unorthodox feature that we found previously in more than 50% of RF V kappa III-J kappa gene complexes. Finally, the homogeneity of some non conservative mutations suggests the existence of a restricted set of pathogenic epitopes driving the production of RF during RA.
How to Solve the <i>N</i> Bit Encoder Problem with Just Two Hidden Units (1990)

I demonstrate that it is possible to construct a three-layer network of the standard feedforward architecture that can solve the N input-N output encoder problem with just two hidden units.
Caspase-2 activation in the absence of PIDDosome formation (2009)

PIDD (p53-induced protein with a death domain [DD]), together with the bipartite adapter protein RAIDD (receptor-interacting protein-associated ICH-1/CED-3 homologous protein with a DD), is implicated in the activation of pro-caspase-2 in a high molecular weight complex called the PIDDosome during apoptosis induction after DNA damage. To investigate the role of PIDD in cell death initiation, we generated PIDD-deficient mice. Processing of caspase-2 is readily detected in the absence of PIDDosome formation in primary lymphocytes. Although caspase-2 processing is delayed in simian virus 40-immortalized pidd(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts, it still depends on loss of mitochondrial integrity and effector caspase activation. Consistently, apoptosis occurs normally in all cell types analyzed, suggesting alternative biological roles for caspase-2 after DNA damage. Because loss of either PIDD or its adapter molecule RAIDD did not affect subcellular localization, nuclear translocation, or caspase-2 activation in high molecular weight complexes, we suggest that at least one alternative PIDDosome-independent mechanism of caspase-2 activation exists in mammals in response to DNA damage.
Encoding Sequential Information in Vector Space Models of Semantics: Comparing Holographic Reduced Representation and Random Permutation (2010)

Encoding information about the order in which words typically appear has been shown to improve the performance of high-dimensional semantic space models.This requires an encoding operation capable of binding together vectors in an order-sensitive way, and efficient enough to scale to large text corpora.Although both circular convolution and random permutations have been enlisted for this purpose in semantic models, these operations have never been systematically compared.In Experiment 1 we compare their storage capacity and probability of correct retrieval; in Experiments 2 and 3 we compare their performance on semantic tasks when integrated into existing models.We conclude that random permutations are a scalable alternative to circular convolution with several desirable properties.
Effects of CaO, MgO, Al2O3 and SiO2 on the carbothermic reduction of synthetic FeCr2O4 (2014)

In order to optimize the current reduction process of chromite, a good knowledge of reduction mechanism involved is required. The basic component in chromite ore is FeCr2O4 with gangue component like MgO and Al2O3. In lack of clear and consistent explanation about the effect of addition on the reduction of FeCr2O4, investigation of synthetic FeCr2O4 with different kind and amount of additions was carried out at 1673K under isothermal mode. Kinetic mechanism was also studied by linear fitting of different kinetic equations. Combined with rate-controlling step, it could be concluded as follows. CaO could enhance the reduction because Ca2+ would replace Fe2+, thus facilitated the ion diffusion in solid phase. Al2O3 had a positive influence as well, since Al3+ could form a solid solution phase with Cr3+ and made Cr3+ reduced more easily. MgO would hinder the reduction due to formation of a more stable phase MgCr2O4. SiO2 would also hamper the Cr metallization because there was a liquid phase formed when Cr3+ was reduced to divalent, which would impede the nucleation of reduction product.
Determination of the Oxygen Content of Air in Beer by Gas-Solid Chromatography (1958)

A method for the determination of the oxygen content of air in beer is described, involving absorption of the carbon dioxide by alkali followed by the separation of the oxygen and nitrogen by gas-solid chromatography. Collection of the gas in conventional apparatus was found to be unsatisfactory owing to the absorption of oxygen by a beer-alkali mixture, but this difficulty was avoided by collecting the gases over mercury and removing all the beer before allowing the gases to come in contact with the alkali.
Fast marching over the 2D Gabor magnitude domain for tongue body segmentation (2013)

Abstract Tongue body segmentation is a prerequisite to tongue image analysis and has recently received considerable attention. The existing tongue body segmentation methods usually involve two key steps: edge detection and active contour model (ACM)-based segmentation. However, conventional edge detectors cannot faithfully detect the contour of the tongue body, and the initialization of ACM suffers from the edge discontinuity problem. To address these issues, we proposed a novel tongue body segmentation method, GaborFM, which initializes ACM by performing fast marching over the two-dimensional (2D) Gabor magnitude domain of the tongue images. For the enhancement of the contour of the tongue body, we used the 2D Gabor magnitude-based detector. To cope with the edge discontinuity problem, the fast marching method was utilized to connect the discontinuous contour segments, resulting in a closed and continuous tongue body contour for subsequent ACM-based segmentation. Qualitative and quantitative results showed that GaborFM is superior to the other methods for tongue body segmentation.
Current combined treatment of high-grade osteosarcomas. (1995)

The evaluation and treatment of osteosarcoma have evolved considerably over the past 2 decades, with corresponding dramatic improvements in prognosis. In large part, the improved outlook is attributable to intensive multiagent adjuvant chemotherapy, with better imaging modalities and reconstructive techniques also playing an important role. The current standard treatment for nonmetastatic osteosarcoma includes neoadjuvant chemotherapy, limb-sparing "wide" surgical resection, and reconstruction of the defect. Approximately 80% of patients are spared amputation. Limb salvage should be considered when an adequate surgical margin is attainable without significant neurovascular compromise and the surgical reconstruction is likely to provide better function than amputation. Because a good chemotherapeutic response is an important favorable prognosticator, much recent attention has been focused on predicting response preoperatively to allow closer surgical margins. Aggressive surgical treatment of pulmonary metastases has also been of measurable benefit.
DNA repair defect in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-deficient cell lines (1998)

To investigate the physiological function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), we used a gene targeting strategy to generate mice lacking a functional PARP gene. These PARP -/- mice were exquisitely sensitive to the monofunctional-alkylating agent N -methyl- N -nitrosourea (MNU) and gamma-irradiation. In this report, we have analysed the cause of this increased lethality using primary and/or spontaneously immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from PARP -/- mice. We found that the lack of PARP renders cells significantly more sensitive to methylmethanesulfonate (MMS), causing cell growth retardation, G2/M accumulation and chromosome instability. An important delay in DNA strand-break resealing was observed following treatment with MMS. This severe DNA repair defect appears to be the primary cause for the observed cytoxicity of monofunctional-alkylating agents, leading to cell death occurring after G2/M arrest. Cell viability following MMS treatment could be fully restored after transient expression of the PARP gene. Altogether, these results unequivocally demonstrate that PARP is required for efficient base excision repair in vivo and strengthens the role of PARP as a survival factor following genotoxic stress.
Biological activity of synthetic amphibole asbestos. (1991)

The carcinogenic and fibrogenic activity of four samples of synthetic amphibole asbestos with different chemical structure was examined in white rats. Pleural mesotheliomas were found: in 11 out of 27 rats (37.8%) treated with magnesium asbestos; in 4 out of 24 animals (6.7%) for nickel asbestos; 13 out of 22 (59.1%) for cobalt asbestos; and in the experiment with asbestos where germanium was substituted for silicon pleural mesotheliomas were observed in 2 out of 55 rats (3.6%). No tumours of this kind were found in the control group. As revealed by the study results, all the examined samples of synthetic amphibole asbestos exhibited carcinogenic potentials. Correlation between the carcinogenic and fibrogenic activity could also be observed. The replacement of silicon with germanium produced considerable decrease in the carcinogenic and fibrogenic potentials of asbestos.
Effects of Si-Jun-Zi decoction polysaccharides on cell migration and gene expression in wounded rat intestinal epithelial cells (2005)

Si-Jun-Zi decoction (SJZD), a traditional Chinese herbal prescription, has been used clinically for treating patients with disorders of the digestive system. Previous studies indicated that the polysaccharides of SJZD (SJZPS) are the active components contributing towards its pharmacological effects in improving gastrointestinal function and immunity. However, the protective and restitutive effects on intestinal epithelial cells remain unknown. In the present study, SJZPS were first extracted and chemically characterized. Then their stimulatory and restitutive effects on intestinal epithelial cells (IEC-6 cells) were elicited by different in vitro models including migration of wounded IEC-6 cells and cell proliferation. Results indicated that SJZPS not only protects the cells against the harmful impairment of indomethacin but also enhances re-epithelialization of a wounded monolayer at an optimal dose of 100 mug/ml at 24 h incubation. To elucidate the modulatory effect of SJZPS on wounded IEC-6 cells at the molecular level, an oligonucleotide microarray was employed to study differential gene expression of SJZPS-treated IEC-6 cells and the candidate genes were validated by RT-PCR. There was increased expression of genes coding for ion channels and transporters, which are critical to cell migration and restoration of wounded intestinal cells, suggesting a possible mechanism for re-epithelialization. In conclusion, our data show for the first time that SJZPS can enhance intestinal restitution and protect against indomethacin-induced damage of intestinal epithelial cells. These findings provide new insight into the mechanism of action of a traditional Chinese herbal prescription, SJZD, in intestinal wound restitution.
Functional profile of human influenza virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is influenced by interleukin-2 concentration and epitope specificity (2005)

The ability of influenza A virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) to degranulate and produce cytokines upon antigenic restimulation was studied in four HLA-A*0101 and HLA-A*0201 positive subjects. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells of these subjects were stimulated with influenza A virus in the presence of high or low interleukin (IL)-2 concentrations. CD8(+) T cell populations specific for the HLA-A*0101 restricted epitope NP(44-52) and the HLA-A*0201 restricted epitope M1(58-66) were identified by positive staining with tetramers of peptide major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) (NP-Tm and M1-Tm, respectively). Within these populations, the proportion of cells mobilizing CD107a, or expressing interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-(TNF)-alpha upon short-term peptide restimulation was determined by flow cytometry. Independent of IL-2 concentrations, large subject-dependent differences in the mobilization of CD107a and expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha by both NP- and M1-specific T cells were observed. In two of the four subjects, the functional profile of NP-Tm(+) and M1-Tm(+) cells differed considerably. Overall, no difference in the proportion of NP-Tm(+) or M1-Tm(+) cells expressing CD107a was observed. The proportion of M1-Tm(+) cells that produced IFN-gamma (P < 0.05) was larger than for NP-Tm(+) cells, independent of IL-2 concentration. When cultured under IL-2(hi) concentrations higher TNF-alpha expression was also observed in M1-Tm(+) cells (P < 0.05). The IL-2 concentration during expansion of virus-specific cells had a profound effect on the functionality of both M1-Tm(+) and NP-Tm(+) cells.
Cabin Design for Minimum Boarding Time (2011)

Single and twin aisle cabin layouts of various capacities are compared regarding their boarding and debaording time. Basis is a boarding simulation and detailed cabin layout.
Present voices, past and future lives: autobiography and older women (2000)

Explores the way that men and women through autobiography have charted the private self. Shows the depiction of life as a voyage or journey to self‐perception. Looks at the value and purpose of using autobiographical accounts and life reviewing in adult educational work especially with older women. Suggests this can be used extremely effectively within this area and provides a number of examples of its usage.
Nanoneedle formation on silicon (111) surface using a scanning tunneling microscope tip (1996)

Nanoneedles are formed on the Si(111) surface when negative ramp voltages are applied to a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) tip. These nanoneedles allow the direct imaging of the STM tip, because of their extreme sharpness with an estimated diameter of ∼2 nm and a maximum height of 20 nm. In this article, voltage, time, and current dependences of nanoneedle growth are examined. Based on the experimental results, we propose that the nanoneedle formation mechanism is: Si atom extraction from the Si surface to the tip due to the applied high voltage, migration of the atoms to the tip apex, and redeposition from the tip apex to the sample surface. A nanoneedle can also be formed on the tip apex by applying a positive voltage and the growth process is observed by a nanoneedle on the sample surface.
Matching Pursuit Fourier Interpolation Using Priors Derived from a Second Data Set (2013)

Seismic data are typically irregularly and sparsely sampled along the spatial coordinates, leading to suboptimal further processing. Matching pursuit Fourier interpolation (MPFI) is a beyond aliasing interpolation technique for single component seismic data. The anti-aliasing capabilities of the method can be improved by using priors, which are typically derived from the lower frequencies in the data, and used to de-alias the higher frequencies. In this paper we investigate using a prior derived from a separate, more densely sampled data set. Practical examples are “dense-over/sparse-under” data and time-lapse data. Tests are done by decimating an existing dataset, deriving the prior from the non-decimated data, and using the priors for the interpolation of the decimated data. It is shown that using priors from a second data set can give a significant uplift in data reconstruction compared with deriving the priors in a conventional way. In particular, some steeply dipping diffraction events are reconstructed better, and a reduction of artefacts is observed.