gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NONVIBRATORY TINNITUS: Factors Underlying Subaudible and Audible Irritations (1948)

FOUR YEARS AGO, before the American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc., I read a paper entitled "The Control of Head Noises."<sup>1</sup>The opening paragraph in that paper seems appropriate for repetition here. It stated: If one disregards the auditory hallucinations occurring in organic diseases of the brain and in the psychoses, there are two kinds of tinnitus: (1) vibratory, caused by actual autogenous vibrations reaching the ear from any part of the body, and (2) nonvibratory, caused by biochemical irritation of the auditory neural mechanism.<sup>2</sup>Either of these two kinds of tinnitus may be superimposed on the other, in which case either one with sufficient intensity and proper frequency can diminish or increase the loudness and change the timber and therefore the degree of annoyance of the other. In the present paper I shall deal with the second or nonvibratory type of tinnitus and shall discuss means for exploring
Purification of botrocetin from Bothrops jararaca venom. Analysis of the botrocetin-mediated interaction between von Willebrand factor and the human platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib-IX complex (1989)

Interaction of von Willebrand factor (vWF) with its platelet receptor only occurs in vitro in the presence of a modulator such as ristocetin. We have recently confirmed that the human platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) Ib-IX complex is the receptor involved in the ristocetin-dependent binding of vWF by reconstitution with the purified components [Berndt, M.C., Du, X., & Booth, W.J. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 633-640]. We have now developed a similar solid-phase reconstitution assay using an alternate modulator, botrocetin, for the competitive analysis of functional domains in both vWF and the GP Ib-IX complex. Botrocetin was purified from Bothrops jararaca venom by ammonium sulfate fractionation and subsequent DEAE-cellulose and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified protein was a 25-kilodalton (kDa) disulfide-linked dimer with apparent subunit molecular weights of 14,000 and 14,500. Binding studies with immobilized botrocetin demonstrated that botrocetin bound to vWF and to a 52/48-kDa region of vWF that contains the GP Ib binding domain, but not to glycocalicin, a proteolytic fragment of GP Ib that contains the vWF binding site. Binding of 125I-labeled vWF to GP Ib-IX complex coated beads and to platelets was strictly botrocetin-dependent with half-maximal binding at a botrocetin concentration of congruent to 0.27 microM. Botrocetin-dependent binding of vWF was specific, saturable, and comparable to that observed with ristocetin. An anti-vWF monoclonal antibody, 3F8, inhibited ristocetin- but not botrocetin-dependent binding of vWF, suggesting the presence of distinct ristocetin and botrocetin modulator sites on vWF. The botrocetin reconstitution assay was at least an order of magnitude more sensitive than the corresponding ristocetin assay for the competitive analysis of functional domains on both vWF and the GP Ib-IX complex and has confirmed the localization of the vWF-binding domain to the 45-kDa N-terminal region of GP Ib.
Music Structure Boundaries Estimation Using Multiple Self-Similarity Matrices as Input Depth of Convolutional Neural Networks (2017)

International audience
The autoantigen Pso p27: A post-translational modification of SCCA molecules (2011)

Pso p27 is a protein antigen expressed in psoriatic lesions and is shown to participate in complement activating immune complexes in the affected skin. The objective of the present study was sequencing of the Pso p27 protein in an approach to identify a "Pso p27 gene". The analyses showed that Pso p27 represents several proteins with homologies to various Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigens (SCCAs). The unique N-terminal and C-terminal ends of Pso p27, however, differ from the terminal ends of the SCCA molecules and indicate posttranslational digestions of SCCA molecules with highly specific endoproteases. These structural variations may play crucial roles with respect to the immunogenicity of Pso p27 and the failure of immunological tolerance.
A region-region and region-edge cooperative approach of image segmentation (2002)

In the task of segmentation of some complex pictures, it is often difficult to obtain satisfactory results using only one approach of image segmentation. The tendency toward the integration of several techniques seems to be the best solution. The authors introduce a new approach of image segmentation, which tends to combine several sources of knowledge about the image in a way to produce better segmentation results. First, they try to locate germs that are homogenous by means of a region-region cooperative process. A region growing process is then applied to these germs in order to find the region borders. This process is controlled, on the one hand, by the germs' parameters, and on the other hand by a gradient information obtained by a simple edge detector. Finally, a region merging step is applied on the extracted regions in order to reconstruct regions that have been split by the germs' extraction process. This method has given good segmentation results over several complex natural images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diffraction of light from optical disks (1995)

The author reports a method for inspection of optical disks based on diffraction measurements. An optical disk has very fine grooves, so that light diffracted from it is spread over large angles, and the change of inclination factor related to Fresnel's coefficients at grooves cannot be ignored. To predict diffraction patterns, Fraunhofer's integral has to be modified. In actual fabrication the groove form may deviate from the ideal rectangular cross section. Moreover, multiple reflections from substrate surfaces can also affect the diffraction patterns. A method is presented to measure the power spectrum of a light beam scattered or diffracted by an optical disk and to recover parameters (pitch, width, and depth of grooves) of optical disks from these power spectra. The wide-angle diffraction problem is solved by taking effects of the inclination factor into account. The effects of groove form and multiple reflections on the diffraction patterns are also included in the theory. To estimate the accuracy of this method, the optical disks were also examined by the SEM technique. The two methods yield results agreeing to 1.9% for the pitch, 5.6% for the width, and 8.6% for the depth.
Reflection-based waveform inversion (2016)

Conventional least-squares based full waveform inversion (FWI) is not suitable to construct low-wavenumber background model when recorded data is dominated by reflected energy. We present a new approach to address the challenge of building kinematically correct background model with FWI for reflection-dominant seismic data. The new approach decomposes a subsurface model into a smooth background, which is updated via minimizing a new objective function, and a rough reflectivity, which is computed through a migration or least-squares migration at current background. With such a model decomposition strategy and the Born modeling, we are able to directly compute the reflection-based low-wavenumber components of a conventional FWI gradient. To guarantee that these low-wavenumber components contribute to updating background model in correct directions, we developed a new optimization strategy, which consists of two essential components: first, computing an offset-dependent matching filter to match the predicted Born wavefield and observed reflections; second, measuring the incoherency of this offset-dependent filter along offset and time, and then updating the background to minimize this incoherency. Numerical experiments with both synthetic and real data demonstrate the success of the proposed algorithm in constructing kinematically correct models. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 18, 2016 Start Time: 9:15:00 AM Location: 162/164 Presentation Type: ORAL
Comprehensive characterization of four different populations of human mesenchymal stem cells as regards their immune properties, proliferation and differentiation (2014)

In the present study, we compared mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from 4 different sources, human bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AT), umbilical cord Wharton's Jelly (WJ) and the placenta (PL), in order to determine which population of MSCs displayed the most prominent immunosuppressive effects on phytohemagglutinin-induced T cell proliferation, and which one had the highest proliferative and differentiation potential. MSC and T lymphocyte co-culture (mixed culture) was used to determine whether the MSCs inhibit T cell proliferation, as well as which population of MSCs has the strongest inhibitory ability. The expression of immune-related genes was analyzed by RT-PCR and RT-qPCR. The proliferation and differentiation potential of the MSCs were determined using standard methods. Following MSC and T cell co-culture, mitogen-induced T cell proliferation was effectively suppressed by all 4 populations of MSCs. This occurred through soluble factors rather than direct contact inhibition. Among the 4 populations of MSCs, the WJ-MSC has the strongest suppression effects. On immune related genes, WJ-MSC has the weakest expression of MHC II genes, TLR4, TLR3, JAG1, NOTCH2 and NOTCH3. To compare the proliferation potential, WJ-MSCs showed the most rapid growth rate followed by the AT-, PL- and BM-MSCs. As regards differentiation potential, the WJ-MSCs had the strongest osteogenetic ability followed by PL, AT and BM-MSC. AT-MSC has the strongest adipogenetic ability followed by the WJ-, BM- and PL-MSCs. These data indicated that the WJ-MSCs had the strongest immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive potential. In light of these observations, we suggest that WJ-MSCs are the most attractive cell population for use in immune cellular therapy when immunosuppressive action is required.
Pmt-Mediated O Mannosylation Stabilizes an Essential Component of the Secretory Apparatus, Sec20p, in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2004)

Sec20p is an essential endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein in yeasts, functioning as a tSNARE component in retrograde vesicle traffic. We show that Sec20p in the human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is extensively O mannosylated by protein mannosyltransferases (Pmt proteins). Surprisingly, Sec20p occurs at wild-type levels in a pmt6 mutant but at very low levels in pmt1 and pmt4 mutants and also after replacement of specific Ser/Thr residues in the lumenal domain of Sec20p. Pulse-chase experiments revealed rapid degradation of unmodified Sec20p (38.6 kDa) following its biosynthesis, while the stable O-glycosylated form (50 kDa) was not formed in a pmt1 mutant. These results suggest a novel function of O mannosylation in eukaryotes, in that modification by specific Pmt proteins will prevent degradation of ER-resident membrane proteins via ER-associated degradation or a proteasome-independent pathway.
An autonomous adaptive voltage sensorless controller of inverter-based islanded distributed generation system (2008)

This paper presents a control method for inverter operations in an islanded distributed generation system. The control system has to provide sufficient active and reactive power to match the connected load, therein providing high power quality. The control system in this mode is based on the voltage and frequency droop. A detailed analysis, based on the concept of harmonic impedance, establishes the appropriateness of capacitor current feedback versus inductor current feedback with respect to inverter power quality. A steepest descent adaptive control for the output voltage has been embedded in the control system to estimate the output voltage for sensorless operation to enhance the system reliability and performance. To compensate the calculation delay in the DSP, a modified Kalman filter design is discussed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the validity of the proposed control method.
Compressed Genotyping (2010)

Over the past three decades we have steadily increased our knowledge on the genetic basis of many severe disorders. Nevertheless, there are still great challenges in applying this knowledge routinely in the clinic, mainly due to the relatively tedious and expensive process of genotyping. Since the genetic variations that underlie the disorders are relatively rare in the population, they can be thought of as a sparse signal. Using methods and ideas from compressed sensing and group testing, we have developed a cost-effective genotyping protocol to detect carriers for severe genetic disorders. In particular, we have adapted our scheme to a recently developed class of high throughput DNA sequencing technologies. The mathematical framework presented here has some important distinctions from the 'traditional' compressed sensing and group testing frameworks in order to address biological and technical constraints of our setting.
FromTo-CLIR: Web-Based Natural Language Interface for Cross-Language Information Retrieval (1999)

This paper describes the implementation of FromTo-CLIR, a Web-based natural language interface for cross-language information retrieval, which consists of four parts: query translator, meta-search engine, front-end and back-end processors, and a robust hybrid machine translator. We propose a method that uses a semantic category tree and collocation to resolve the ambiguity of query translation. We use the front-end and back-end processors in which domain identifier determines the domain of the retrieved documents, machine translators translate the retrieved documents and tag manager deals with the HTML tags to preserve the layout of the original web document. To obtain a robust translation within the Web environment, we use a hybrid translation engine that combines a pattern-based module with a rule-based translator and includes pre- and post-fail softeners.
Preparation of RGD-modified Long Circulating Liposome Loading Matrine, and its <i>in vitro</i> Anti-cancer Effects (2010)

RGD-M-LCL, a novel delivery system for anti-cancer drugs, was successfully prepared, and we demonstrated that the use of this material could augment the effects of matrine on cancer cells in vitro.
Traveling-wave tube efficiency improvement with textured pyrolytic graphite multistage depressed collector electrodes (1981)

The improved efficiency of a multistage depressed collector (MDC) with ion-beam textured pyrolytic graphite electrode surfaces is demonstrated by comparison with the performance of other MDC's tested with the same microwave rf amplifier traveling-wave tube (TWT). Because of the sensitivity of overall TWT efficiency to collector efficiency, significant improvements in TWT performance are possible with the use of textured pyrolytic graphite MDC's.
Two-Step Single Slope/SAR ADC with Error Correction for CMOS Image Sensor (2014)

Conventional two-step ADC for CMOS image sensor requires full resolution noise performance in the first stage single slope ADC, leading to high power consumption and large chip area. This paper presents an 11-bit two-step single slope/successive approximation register (SAR) ADC scheme for CMOS image sensor applications. The first stage single slope ADC generates a 3-bit data and 1 redundant bit. The redundant bit is combined with the following 8-bit SAR ADC output code using a proposed error correction algorithm. Instead of requiring full resolution noise performance, the first stage single slope circuit of the proposed ADC can tolerate up to 3.125% quantization noise. With the proposed error correction mechanism, the power consumption and chip area of the single slope ADC are significantly reduced. The prototype ADC is fabricated using 0.18 μ m CMOS technology. The chip area of the proposed ADC is 7 μ m × 500 μ m. The measurement results show that the energy efficiency figure-of-merit (FOM) of the proposed ADC core is only 125 pJ/sample under 1.4 V power supply and the chip area efficiency is 84 k μ m(2) · cycles/sample.
The Kindler Syndrome Protein Is Regulated by Transforming Growth Factor-β and Involved in Integrin-mediated Adhesion (2004)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) contributes to tumor invasion and cancer progression by increasing the motility of tumor cells. To identify genes involved in TGF-beta-mediated cell migration, the transcriptional profiles of human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) treated with TGF-beta were compared with untreated cells by cDNA microarray analysis. One gene up-regulated by TGF-beta was recently named kindlerin (Jobard, F., Bouadjar, B., Caux, F., Hadj-Rabia, S., Has, C., Matsuda, F., Weissenbach, J., Lathrop, M., Prud'homme, J. F., and Fischer, J. (2003) Hum. Mol. Genet. 12, 925-935). This gene is significantly overexpressed in some cancers (Weinstein, E. J., Bourner, M., Head, R., Zakeri, H., Bauer, C., and Mazzarella, R. (2003) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1637, 207-216), and mutations in this gene lead to Kindler syndrome, an autosomal-recessive genodermatosis. TGF-beta stimulation of HMEC resulted in a marked induction of kindlerin RNA, and Western blotting demonstrated a corresponding increase in protein abundance. Kindlerin displays a putative FERM (four point one ezrin radixin moesin) domain that is closely related to the sequences in talin that interact with integrin beta subunit cytoplasmic domains. The critical residues in the talin FERM domain that mediate integrin binding show a high degree of conservation in kindlerin. Furthermore, kindlerin is recruited into a molecular complex with the beta1A and beta3 integrin cytoplasmic domains. Consistent with these biochemical findings, kindlerin is present at focal adhesions, sites of integrin-rich, membrane-substratum adhesion. Additionally, kindlerin is required for normal cell spreading. Taken together, these data suggest a role for kindlerin in mediating cell processes that depend on integrins.
Multidimensional Analysis of the Complex Composition of Impact Polypropylene Copolymers: Combination of TREF, SEC-FTIR-HPer DSC, and High Temperature 2D-LC (2012)

A new multidimensional fractionation technique, temperature rising elution fractionation (TREF) combined with high temperature size exclusion chromatography FTIR (HT-SEC-FTIR), HT-SEC-DSC and high temperature two-dimensional liquid chromatography (HT-2D-LC) is used for the comprehensive analysis of a commercial impact polypropylene copolymer. HT-SEC-FTIR provides information regarding the chemical composition and crystallinity as a function of molar mass. Thermal analysis of selected SEC fractions yields the melting and crystallization behavior of these fractions which is related to the chemical heterogeneity of this complex copolymer. The thermal analysis of the fractions is conducted using a novel DSC method — high speed or high performance differential scanning calorimetry (HPer DSC) - that allows measuring of minute amounts of material down to micrograms. The most interesting and complex “midelution temperature” TREF fraction (80 °C) of this copolymer is a complex mixture of ethylene-propylene copolymers (EPC’s) with varying ethylene and propylene contents and sequence length distributions, as well as iPP. High temperature solvent gradient HPLC has been used to show that there is a significant amount of PE homopolymer and EPC’s containing long ethylene sequences in this TREF fraction. High temperature 2D-LC analysis reveals the complete separation of this TREF fraction according to the chemical composition of each component along with their molar mass distributions.
Development of a Method for the High‐Throughput Quantification of Cellular Proteins (2009)

The quantification of cellular proteins is essential for the study of many different biological processes. This study describes an assay for the detection of the intracellular mutant huntingtin, the causative agent of Huntington's disease, with a method that may be generally applicable to other cellular proteins. A small recombinant protein tag that is recognized by a pair of readily available, high-affinity monoclonal antibodies was designed. This tag was then added to an inducible fragment of the mutant huntingtin protein by genetic engineering. We show that it is possible to use time-resolved FRET to detect low intracellular levels of huntingtin by a simple lysis and detection procedure. This assay was then adapted into a homogeneous, miniaturized format suitable for screening in 1536-well plates. The use of time-resolved FRET also permits the assay to be multiplexed with a standard readout of cell toxicity, thus allowing the identification of conditions causing reduction of protein levels simply due to cytotoxicity. The screening results demonstrated that the assay is able to identify compounds that modulate the levels of huntingtin both positively and negatively and that represent valuable starting points for drug discovery programs.
Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Film Coating and Stability at the Surfaces of Oral Prosthesis Base Polymers: an <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> Study (2006)

A new type of coating involving a layer-by-layer technique has been recently reported. This coating is composed of a polyelectrolyte multilayer film that confers specific properties on surfaces to which it is applied. Here, we studied the applicability of such a technique to the coating of oral prostheses, by first testing the construction of polyelectrolyte multilayer films on several polymers used in oral prosthesis bases, and, subsequently, by studying the stability of these coatings in vitro, in human saliva, and in vivo in a rat model. We demonstrated that the multilayered films are able to coat the surfaces of all tested polymers completely, thus increasing their wettability. We also showed that saliva does not degrade the film after 7 days in vitro and after 4 days in vivo. Taken together, our results establish that the layer-by-layer technique is suitable for the coating of oral devices.
Antimicrobial activities of benzoxazinorifamycin KRM-1648, clarithromycin and levofloxacin against intracellular Mycobacterium avium complex phagocytosed by murine peritoneal macrophages (1998)

The in-vitro activities of KRM-1648, a new benzoxazinorifamycin, clarithromycin and levofloxacin against clinical isolates of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) were measured using various methods of assay and compared with their in-vivo therapeutic activities against MAC infection in mice. The MICs varied according to drug in the order KRM-1648 << clarithromycin < levofloxacin. However, KRM-1648 and clarithromycin but not levofloxacin had similar therapeutic outcomes in MAC-infected mice. KRM-1648 and clarithromycin given at clinical dosages caused 1 to 2 log unit reductions in bacterial loads in the lungs of host mice. The values of Cmax (lung)/MBC were more closely related to the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs in mice than were MICs and MBCs alone. Potent microbicidal activity was observed with KRM-1648 and clarithromycin but not with levofloxacin against extracellularly growing MAC (EG-MAC) in a liquid medium. These two agents caused more than 3 log unit killing of MAC during a 5 day incubation, when added at concentrations equivalent to Cmax (lung). The anti-EG-MAC bactericidal activity of these drugs was greater than their efficacy in mice in vivo. KRM-1648 and clarithromycin but not levofloxacin caused respectively 2 and 0.5 log unit killing of intracellularly growing MAC (IG-MAC) in murine peritoneal macrophages. The profiles of bacterial killing effects of these agents against IG-MAC accurately reflected their therapeutic effects in mice, although the in-vivo activity of KRM-1648 was still overestimated using even this parameter.