gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A cooperative approach to large knowledge based systems (2002)

Conventional expert systems based on a single flat knowledge base have fared well in solving a narrow range of problems. Their architectures, however, do not extend to large applications like automated factories, which require multidisciplinary knowledge and are geographically distributed. To solve multidisciplinary problems, a knowledge-based system must be able to: reason about the need for cooperation, understand global knowledge to locate relevant expert systems and select appropriate cooperation plans. Cooperations models to characterize three essential decisions in the cooperation process are proposed. A computational method is devised to decide if an expert system has enough knowledge to solve a given problem or if it needs to consult with other expert systems. The use of a yellow-pages technique to represent global knowledge and to select appropriate cooperation plans is proposed. The approach lets expert systems autonomously resolve the three fundamental decisions in cooperation at run time, in contrast to contemporary approaches in which the decisions are made at design time by the programmers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of [<sup>119m</sup>Sn]‐mesoporphyrin IX dichloride (1990)

Abstract Tin mesoporphyrin IX dichloride (Sn‐MPCl 2 ) is a heme oxygenase inhibitor of current clinical interest for the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. The synthesis of [ 119m Sn]‐MPCl 2 for drug metabolism and disposition studies is reported. [ 119m Sn]‐MPCl 2 was prepared in 60% radiochemical yield by metalation of the porphyrin nucleus of mesoporphyrin IX dihydrochloride with tin(II)‐119m acetate. The product had a specific activity of 43.4 mCi/mmol and a radiochemical purity of 99%, as determined by radio‐HPLC analysis.
Imaging Atherosclerotic Plaque Inflammation With [ <sup>18</sup> F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (2002)

This study demonstrates that atherosclerotic plaque inflammation can be imaged with 18FDG-PET, and that symptomatic, unstable plaques accumulate more 18FDG than asymptomatic lesions.
A pilot study to evaluate response and angiogenesis after treatment with bevacizumab in patients with inflammatory breast cancer (2004)

578 Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer associated with vascular and lymphatic invasion. Previously untreated IBC patients received bevacizumab (BV), a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to VEGF, to evaluate endothelial cell proliferation (CD31/Ki67), tumor cell proliferation (Ki67), tumor microvessel density (MVD), VEGF, and vascular permeability (k21) on dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (dMRI). Methods: Treatment consisted of BV alone for cycle (C) 1 (15mg/m2 on day 1) followed by six cycles of BV (15mg/m2) with doxorubicin (50mg/m2) and docetaxel (75mg/m2) q3wk and G-CSF in C2–7. Following mastectomy and radiation, BV was given for eight more cycles with hormonal therapy for ER+ pts. Tumor core biopsies and dMRI were obtained at baseline, after C1, 4, 7. Results: Sixteen pts enrolled received 125 cycles of treatment. Pts: Stage III 87.5% and IV 12.5%, ER+ 38%, Her2 positive 12.5%. Post-chemo, thirteen pts (3 too early to evaluate): 8PRs, 1PR unconfirmed, 1PD. A decrease in CD31/Ki67 was seen after BV treatment alone (-1% median change, p=0.031). There were no decreases in Ki67 or MVD after BV alone (p=0.97 and 0.70) or BV and chemotherapy (p=0.23 and 0.85). There were significant decreases in k21 after treatment (n=12), with a median change of -53% (p=0.019) after C1, -70% (p=0.001) after C4, and -56% (p=0.008) after C7. In patients with PR there were trends towards a decrease in VEGF after C1(-57% median change, p=0.09) and decrease in Ki67 after C4/C7 (-57% median change, p=0.09). There were no correlations between k21and CD31/Ki67 index, Ki67, or VEGF after BV alone (n=11); but a trend towards a correlation between VEGF and k21 after BV and chemotherapy (r=0.62, p=0.10). Most common grade 3/4 toxicities (n=16): neutropenia (63%), diarrhea (25%), HTN (25%), and febrile neutropenia (19%). Conclusions: Preliminary results revealed a decrease in vascular permeability on dMRI and endothelial cell proliferation with BV treatment alone. In responding pts, there were trends toward a decrease in VEGF after BV and tumor cell proliferation after BV and chemotherapy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Molecular analysis of two mouse dilute locus deletion mutations: spontaneous dilute lethal20J and radiation-induced dilute prenatal lethal Aa2 alleles. (1990)

The dilute (d) coat color locus of mouse chromosome 9 has been identified by more than 200 spontaneous and mutagen-induced recessive mutations. With the advent of molecular probes for this locus, the molecular lesion associated with different dilute alleles can be recognized and precisely defined. In this study, two dilute mutations, dilute-lethal20J (dl20J) and dilute prenatal lethal Aa2, have been examined. Using a dilute locus genomic probe in Southern blot analysis, we detected unique restriction fragments in dl20J and Aa2 DNA. Subsequent analysis of these fragments showed that they represented deletion breakpoint fusion fragments. DNA sequence analysis of each mutation-associated deletion breakpoint fusion fragment suggests that both genomic deletions were generated by nonhomologous recombination events. The spontaneous dl20J mutation is caused by an interstitial deletion that removes a single coding exon of the dilute gene. The correlation between this discrete deletion and the expression of all dilute-associated phenotypes in dl20J homozygotes defines the dl20J mutation as a functional null allele of the dilute gene. The radiation-induced Aa2 allele is a multilocus deletion that, by complementation analysis, affects both the dilute locus and the proximal prenatal lethal-3 (pl-3) functional unit. Molecular analysis of the Aa2 deletion breakpoint fusion fragment has provided access to a previously undefined gene proximal to d. Initial characterization of this new gene suggests that it may represent the genetically defined pl-3 functional unit.
Cloning of the cDNA and gene of mouse mast cell protease-6. Transcription by progenitor mast cells and mast cells of the connective tissue subclass (1991)

The cDNA and gene for mouse mast cell protease-6 (MMCP-6) have been sequenced and show MMCP-6 to be translated as a prepro-enzyme with a 21-amino acid hydrophobic leader peptide, a 10-amino acid activation peptide, and a 245-amino acid mature enzyme. The mature form of the enzyme has 73% amino acid sequence identity with human and dog mast cell tryptases. The MMCP-6 gene includes 6 exons, with a total span of 1.8 kilobases. A 208-base pair intron was defined which separates the 5'-untranslated sequence of MMCP-6 from the translation initiation codon, thereby presenting a gene organization which distinguishes tryptic serine proteases from chymotryptic serine proteases of the mast cell secretory granule. By RNA blot analysis with a gene-specific probe, MMCP-6 has a unique subclass distribution in being transcribed in mouse connective tissue mast cells but undetectable in mucosal mast cells. MMCP-6 is the first serine protease of any class to be shown to be significantly transcribed in progenitor, bone marrow-derived mast cells, which can reconstitute both mucosal mast cell and connective tissue mast cell populations in mast cell-deficient mice.
Fluoro- or Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Benzyl and Phenethyl Alcohols: Substrates for Metal-Mediated Site-Selective Functionalization (2002)

It was possible to functionalize the three fluorobenzyl alcohols and the three 2-(fluorophenyl)ethanols by metalation and subsequent carboxylation, the prototype electrophilic trapping reaction. Triisopropylsilyl (TIPS) outperformed methoxymethyl (MOM) as an O-protective group making seven new fluorobenzoic acids accessible in 63% average yield. Moreover, the TIPS group tolerates weakly basic and acidic media and, therefore, may facilitate further structural elaboration. The unprotected alcohols reacted more sluggishly and were unable to provide two of the targeted products (acids 1 and 2). The yield averaged only 46% in the five other cases (acids 3−7). The direct metalation of fluorinated benzyl and phenethyl alcohols remains nevertheless an attractive option because of its operational simplicity. All three (trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohols and two of the three (trifluoromethyl)phenethyl alcohol isomers were successfully submitted to the metalation/functionalization sequence. These five starting materials gave rise to a total of nine new benzoic acids or lactones (compounds 8−14 and 17−18). Despite the poor yields (31% on average), the organometallic methods employed are, in general, extremely selective, economical and easy to perform. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2002)
Growth Hormone Treatment Reduces Abdominal Visceral Fat in Postmenopausal Women with Abdominal Obesity: A 12-Month Placebo-Controlled Trial (2005)

Abdominal obesity is associated with blunted GH secretion and a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors that characterize the metabolic syndrome. GH treatment in abdominally obese men reduces visceral adipose tissue and has beneficial effects on the metabolic profile. There are no long-term data on the effects of GH treatment on postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity. Forty postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-month trial with GH (0.67 mg/d). The primary aim was to study the effect of GH treatment on insulin sensitivity. Measurements of glucose disposal rate (GDR) using a euglycemic, hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp; abdominal fat, hepatic fat content, and thigh muscle area using computed tomography; and total body fat and fat-free mass derived from (40)K measurements were performed at baseline and at 6 and 12 months. GH treatment reduced visceral fat mass, increased thigh muscle area, and reduced total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with placebo. Insulin sensitivity was increased at 12 months compared with baseline values in the GH-treated group. In the GH-treated group only, a low baseline GDR was correlated with a more marked improvement in insulin sensitivity (r = -0.68; P < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between changes in GDR and liver attenuation as a measure of hepatic fat content between baseline and 12 months (r = 0.7; P < 0.001) in the GH-treated group. In postmenopausal women with abdominal obesity, 1 yr of GH treatment improved insulin sensitivity and reduced abdominal visceral fat and total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations. The improvement in insulin sensitivity was associated with reduced hepatic fat content.
Sensitization of keloid fibroblasts by quercetin through the PI3K/Akt pathway is dependent on regulation of HIF-1α. (2018)

Keloids are raised, red, hard and irregular tumors that are prone to extend beyond the wound borders. Surgical excision is not sufficient to eradicate a keloid. Adjuvant therapy with radiation is a recommended treatment that reportedly achieves improved efficacy. However, radiation does not only kill cells in the keloid tissue but also stimulates their resistance, and intractable cases can display continuous recurrence. Quercetin was initially extracted from natural products and is used as a dietary supplement. The role of quercetin as an oxidant scavenger has been highlighted in many studies and has drawn interest to the application of ionizing radiation (IR) sensitization. In this study, we first demonstrate that keloid fibroblasts acquire resistance after IR treatment, and this can be relieved by treatment with quercetin. Further, we showed that hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a prognostic marker used in clinical practice after radiation therapy, was associated with stronger radioresistance in keloid fibroblasts, which was downregulated after quercetin treatment. The inhibition of HIF-1 expression by quercetin was found to be dependent on the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. Quercetin has been reported to reduce the phosphorylation of Akt. Taken together, we revealed one mechanism underlying the suppression of radioresistance by quercetin, which involved the regulation of HIF-1α by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Our study provides a molecular basis for the application of quercetin in radiation sensitization in the treatment of keloids.
Two calcium‐sensitive spike after‐hyperpolarizations in visceral sensory neurones of the rabbit. (1985)

Intracellular recordings were made from rabbit nodose neurones in vitro. Two temporally distinct spike after-hyperpolarizations (a.h.p.s) were identified in a subpopulation of C-type neurones. The fast a.h.p. after a single spike lasted no longer than 500 ms, while the slow a.h.p. persisted for seconds. Both a.h.p.s. were increased in amplitude in low K+ (0.56 mM) solutions and decreased in amplitude in high K+ (11.2 mM) solutions, and both were reversed at hyperpolarized membrane potentials. The slow a.h.p. was reduced in low Ca2+ (0.22 mM), in the presence of Ca2+ antagonists (Ni2+, 1 mM; Cd2+, 100 microM; or Co2+, 1 mM) and was enhanced in tetraethylammonium (5 mM). In approximately half of the cells tested, the fast a.h.p. was reduced in low Ca2+ and in the presence of the Ca2+ antagonists. In the remaining cells the fast a.h.p. was insensitive to these procedures. Prostaglandin (PGE1, 1-10 micrograms/ml) reduced the slow a.h.p. in all cells tested. Neither the Ca2+-sensitive nor the Ca2+-insensitive fast a.h.p. was affected by the prostaglandin. It is concluded that there is a subpopulation of C-type nodose neurones possessing a slow a.h.p. which is due to a Ca2+-dependent K+ current. This subpopulation of neurones can further be divided on the basis of the presence of a Ca2+-sensitive fast a.h.p. Furthermore, PGE1 pharmacologically separates the fast and slow a.h.p.s by selectively blocking the slow one. The blockage by the PGE1 is most probably not due to a reduction in Ca2+ influx.
भरत म पचयत रज सशकत लकततर (2020)

भारत में पंचायती राज व्यवस्था के माध्यम से एक मौन लोकतांत्रिक क्रांति हो रही है। ग्रामीण विकेन्द्रीकरण और पंचायती राज संस्थाओं द्वारा भारतीय ग्रामीण संस्थागत परिदृश्य में एक बड़ा परिवर्तन आ रहा है जो अंततः ग्रामीण विकास और गरीबी उन्मूलन के लिए एक बेहतर विकल्प प्रदान कर रहा है। यह भारतीय लोकतंत्र को समावेशी बनाने की दिशा में महत्वपूर्ण प्रयास है।
Dengue virus (DENV)-specific antibodies enhance Brazilian Zika virus (ZIKV) infection (2016)

Anti-Flavivirus antibodies are highly cross-reactive and may facilitate Zika virus (ZIKV) infection through the antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) mechanism. We demonstrate that dengue-specific antibodies enhance the infection of a primary Brazilian ZIKV isolate in a FcγRII-expressing K562 cell line. In addition, we demonstrate that serum samples from dengue-immune pregnant women enhanced ZIKV infection. These findings highlight the need for epidemiological studies and animal models to further confirm the role of ADE in the development of congenital and neurological complications associated with ZIKV infections.
R-TTWD: Robust Device-Free Through-The-Wall Detection of Moving Human With WiFi (2017)

Due to rapid developments of smart devices and mobile applications, there is an urgent need for a new human-in-the-loop architecture with better system efficiency and user experience. Compared with conventional device-based human-computer interactive (HCI) methods, device-free technology with WiFi provides a new HCI method and is promising for providing better user-perceived quality-of-experience. Being essential for device-free applications, device-free human detection has gained increasing interest, of which through-the-wall (TTW) human detection is of great challenge. Existing TTW detection systems either rely on massive deployment of transceivers or require specialized WiFi monitors, making them inapplicable for real-world applications. Recently, more and more researchers have tapped into the physical layer for more robust and reliable human detection, ever since channel state information (CSI) can be exported with commodity devices. Despite great progress achieved, there have been few works studying TTW detection. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme for robust device-free TTW detection (R-TTWD) of a moving human with commodity devices. Different from the time dimension-based features exploited in the previous works, R-TTWD takes advantage of the correlated changes over different subcarriers and extracts the first-order difference of eigenvector of CSI across different subcarriers for TTW human detection. Instead of direct feature extraction, we first perform a PCA-based filtering on the preprocessed data, since a simple low-pass filtering is insufficient for noise removal. Furthermore, the detection results across different transmit-receive antenna pairs are fused with a majority-vote-based scheme for more robust and accurate detection. We prototype R-TTWD on commodity WiFi devices and evaluate its performance both in different environments and over long test period, validating the robustness of R-TTWD with both detection rates for moving human and human absence over 99% regardless of different wall materials, dynamic moving speeds, and so on.
Inhibition of lipid peroxidation by quercetin and quercetin derivatives: antioxidant and prooxidant effects (2000)

Flavonoids (polyphenols) are an important class of dietary antioxidants largely distributed in plants. In spite of their very fast reaction with lipid peroxyl radicals, flavonoids are relatively modest inhibitors of lipid peroxidation in solution. In addition, the absence of lag phase and the strong dependence of the antioxidant efficiency (the ratio of the rate constant of chain break to the rate constant of chain propagation) on the antioxidant concentration both point to a nonclassic behaviour. The inhibition of linoleic acid peroxidation by quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone) and its 3-O-glycoside rutin (two ubiquitous dietary flavonoids and potent antioxidants) has been investigated by UV–visible spectroscopy in pH 7.4 micellar solutions of SDS at 37 °C. The chain-breaking antioxidant α-tocopherol and two synthetic amphiphilic quercetin ethers are also considered for comparison purposes. From the general mathematical treatment developed in this work, flavonoids appear as strong chain-breaking antioxidants whose overall antiperoxidizing activity is, however, strongly restricted by the chain-initiating activity of the flavonoid radicals formed during inhibition (prooxidant effect).
High-Performance Concrete Defined For Highway Structures (1996)

To establish a clear understanding of high performance concrete (HPC), the FHWA is proposing to define HPC by using long-term performance criteria. The proposed definition consists of four durability and four strength parameters. This article presents the performance definition of HPC by using three tables: Table 1 gives the parameters and performance criteria. Table 2 identifies standard tests to evaluate performance, and Table 3 relates recommended performance to exposure conditions.
Bub1 is required for kinetochore localization of BubR1, Cenp-E, Cenp-F and Mad2, and chromosome congression (2004)

During mitosis, the recruitment of spindle-checkpoint-associated proteins to the kinetochore occurs in a defined order. The protein kinase Bub1 localizes to the kinetochore very early during mitosis, followed by Cenp-F, BubR1, Cenp-E and finally Mad2. Using RNA interference, we have investigated whether this order of binding reflects a level of dependency in human somatic cells. Specifically, we show that Bub1 plays a key role in the assembly of checkpoint proteins at the kinetochore, being required for the subsequent localization of Cenp-F, BubR1, Cenp-E and Mad2. In contrast to studies in Xenopus, we also show that BubR1 is not required for kinetochore localization of Bub1. Repression of Bub1 increases the number of cells with lagging chromosomes at metaphase, suggesting that Bub1 plays a role in chromosome congression. However, repression of Bub1 does not appear to compromise spindle checkpoint function either during normal mitosis or in response to spindle damage. This raises the possibility that, in the absence of Bub1, other mechanisms contribute to spindle checkpoint function.
Surgery for small liver cancers (1993)

During the last 16 years, we have resected small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) measuring 5 cm or less from 362 patients, 266 of whom also had liver cirrhosis. The operative and hospital mortality rate were 1.7% and 1.9%, respectively. These showed a gradual decrease year by year in parallel with reduction of intraoperative blood loss achieved by the selective vascular occlusion technique and Pringle method. In 1989, 87% of hepatectomy patients were discharged without the need for whole blood transfusion, and 5-year survival was 43.7%. Tumor size, number of tumors, intrahepatic metastasis, vascular invasion, and capsular invasion were significant prognostic factors. Edmondson grade and the operative procedure employed were significantly related to outcome. Our standard policy for selection of operative procedures and perioperative care is described, and the selection of treatment modalities is discussed.
[Studies on the chemical constituents of Annona squamosa]. (1992)

Twelve compounds were isolated from Annona squamosa. Their structures were identified as liriodenine (AS-1), moupinamide (AS-2), -(-)-kauran-16 alpha-ol-19-oic acid (AS-3), 16 beta, 17-dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (AS-4), anonaine (AS-5), 16 alpha, 17-dihydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (AS-6), (-)-isokaur-15(16)-en-17,19-dioic acid (AS-7), squamosamide (AS-8), 16 alpha-methoxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid (AS-9), sachanoic acid (AS-10), (-)-kauran-19-al-17-oic acid (AS-11), daucosterol (AS-12). Among them, AS-8 is a new amide, AS-9 is a new natural product.
Mining for coexpression across hundreds of datasets using novel rank aggregation and visualization methods (2009)

We present a web resource MEM (Multi-Experiment Matrix) for gene expression similarity searches across many datasets. MEM features large collections of microarray datasets and utilizes rank aggregation to merge information from different datasets into a single global ordering with simultaneous statistical significance estimation. Unique features of MEM include automatic detection, characterization and visualization of datasets that includes the strongest coexpression patterns. MEM is freely available at http://biit.cs.ut.ee/mem/.
Inert dust insecticides: Part I. Mechanism of action (1944)

The mode of action of inert dust insecticides on the grain weevil ( Calandra granaria L.) has been investigated by determination of mortality‐time curves and by a detailed study of the influence of dusts on the water relations of the insects. It has been found that dusts do not depend for their action on any chemical reactivity, some highly inert substances such as diamond and carborundum being very effective. A physical process is therefore indicated. Dusts do not penetrate into the respiratory system, and although large amounts are ingested these seem to have little harmful effect. It has been demonstrated that effective dusts increase the rate of evaporation of water from insects to the air, and that the relative killing powers of different dusts run parallel with their capacities for promoting evaporation. The results are in harmony with the view (proposed by earlier workers) that inert dusts kill insects by inducing death by desiccation.