gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible thermoalkalophilic polygalacturonate lyase from Thermomonospora fusca (1987)

A thermostable polygalacturonate lyase (PL; EC 4.2.2.2) was secreted by Thermomonospora fusca during stationary phase in pectin-mineral salts medium at 52 degrees C. Biosynthesis was induced by addition of pectic substances to cultures growing on glucose or cellulose but not cellobiose; the disaccharide repressed enzyme synthesis and triggered inactivation of enzyme previously secreted. The PL, purified to electrophoretic and serologic homogeneity, had a molecular size of 56 kilodaltons and an isoelectric point at pH 4.16. The amino acid composition closely resembled that of the major extracellular endoglucanases of the actinomycete. The enzyme had six cystine residues but no detectable sulfhydryl groups. It was inactivated by mild reducing agents and activated by oxygenation, indicating the necessity for disulfide bond maintenance. Temperature and pH optima for the PL reaction were 60 degrees C and 10.45, respectively. Calcium was essential for activity but not stability; calcium dependence curves were altered by low concentrations of toxic metals. The Km for pectin increased 30,000-fold as the percent esterification (methoxylation) of that substrate was increased from 0 to 60%. The size of the minimal susceptible site for PL attack on the pectin molecule was calculated as being equivalent to 10 unesterified residues, based on the correlation of Km values at various degrees of esterification with the percentage of cleavable bonds predicted by a random-number-generating computer program.
Beyond Part Models: Person Retrieval with Refined Part Pooling (and a Strong Convolutional Baseline) (2017)

Employing part-level features for pedestrian image description offers fine-grained information and has been verified as beneficial for person retrieval in very recent literature. A prerequisite of part discovery is that each part should be well located. Instead of using external cues, e.g., pose estimation, to directly locate parts, this paper lays emphasis on the content consistency within each part. Specifically, we target at learning discriminative part-informed features for person retrieval and make two contributions. (i) A network named Part-based Convolutional Baseline (PCB). Given an image input, it outputs a convolutional descriptor consisting of several part-level features. With a uniform partition strategy, PCB achieves competitive results with the state-of-the-art methods, proving itself as a strong convolutional baseline for person retrieval. (ii) A refined part pooling (RPP) method. Uniform partition inevitably incurs outliers in each part, which are in fact more similar to other parts. RPP re-assigns these outliers to the parts they are closest to, resulting in refined parts with enhanced within-part consistency. Experiment confirms that RPP allows PCB to gain another round of performance boost. For instance, on the Market-1501 dataset, we achieve (77.4+4.2)% mAP and (92.3+1.5)% rank-1 accuracy, surpassing the state of the art by a large margin.
Effects of lameness on the behaviour of cows during the summer (1993)

The welfare implications of lameness in dairy cattle are considerable, and in addition to causing great pain and discomfort to the animals it is detrimental to productivity. This study investigated the differences in behaviour of lame and normal cows during the summer. Their rank of entry and behaviour in the milking parlour were examined. Lame cows entered the parlour later than normal cows (P < 0.01), and were significantly more restless on their feet while being milked (P < 0.01). When cows were at pasture the lame cows lay down for longer (P < 0.01) and grazed for shorter periods than the normal cows (P < 0.01). All cows ruminated for longer periods when lying down than when standing, but the difference was significant only for the lame cows (P < 0.01). In addition, lame cows had significantly lower bite rates than normal cows (P < 0.01). The behavioural differences between lame and normal cows indicated that lameness had serious effects on the welfare and productivity of lame cows.
Identification of QTL for agronomic traits and resistance to white mold in wild and landrace germplasm of common bean (2011)

With 1 figure and 5 tables Abstract White mold, caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) De Bary, is a serious yield reducing fungal pathogen of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Our objective was to identify QTL for resistance to white mold from wild and landrace accessions of common bean using two inbred backcross line (IBL) populations derived from the recurrent black bean parent ‘Tacana’. Selective phenotyping failed to detect QTL for field disease resistance but other agronomic traits less sensitive to environmental conditions or population size were detected. Four novel QTLs for white mold resistance WM3.3 TW , WM7.5 TL , WM9.2 TW , and WM11.1 TL were identified in the greenhouse straw test on linkage groups B3, B7, B9, and B11, respectively, and two previously mapped QTL were also validated on B2 and B4. QTL, SY2.1 TL that accounted for 19–37% of the variation for yield under white mold pressure over 3 years, was detected on B2 in the TL population. Enhanced resistance to white mold in common bean could be achieved by combining different QTL associated with physiological resistance with yield under disease pressure.
InVitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Activities of DK-507k, aNovelFluoroquinolone (2003)

The antibacterial activities of DK-507k, a novel quinolone, were compared with those of other quinolones: ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, sitafloxacin, and garenoxacin (BMS284756). DK-507k was as active as sitafloxacin and was as active as or up to eightfold more active than gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae, methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and coagulase-negative staphylococci. DK-507k was as active as or 4-fold more active than garenoxacin and 2- to 16-fold more active than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, including clinical isolates and in vitro-selected mutants with known mutations. DK-507k inhibited all ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of S. pneumoniae at 1 microg/ml. A time-kill assay with S. pneumoniae showed that DK-507k was more bactericidal than gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. The activities of DK-507k against most members of the family Enterobacteriaceae were comparable to those of ciprofloxacin and equal to or up to 32-fold higher than those of gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin. DK-507k was fourfold less active than sitafloxacin and ciprofloxacin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, while it was two to four times more potent than levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin, and garenoxacin against P. aeruginosa. In vivo, intravenous treatment with DK-507k was more effective than that with gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin against systemic infections caused by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae, and P. aeruginosa in mice. In a mouse model of pneumonia due to penicillin-resistant S. pneumoniae, DK-507k administered subcutaneously showed dose-dependent efficacy and eliminated the bacteria from the lungs, whereas gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin had no significant efficacy. Oral treatment with DK-507k was slightly more effective than that with ciprofloxacin in a rat model of foreign body-associated urinary tract infection caused by a P. aeruginosa isolate for which the MIC of DK-507k was fourfold higher than that of ciprofloxacin. Oral administration of DK-507k to rats achieved higher peak concentrations in serum and higher concentrations in cumulative urine than those achieved with ciprofloxacin. These data indicate the potential advantages of DK-507k over other quinolones for the treatment of a wide range of community-acquired infections.
EVALUATING THE IMPACT OF AN ONLINE LIBRARY CATALOGUE ON SUBJECT SEARCHING BEHAVIOUR AT THE CATALOGUE AND T THE SHELVES (1990)

The second half of a ‘before and after’ study to evaluate the impact of an online catalogue on subject searching behaviour is reported. A holistic approach is adopted encompassing both catalogue use and browsing at the shelves for catalogue users and non‐users. Verbal and non‐verbal data were elicited from searchers using a combined methodology including talk‐aloud technique, observation and a screen logging facility. An extensive qualitative analysis was carried out correlating expressed topics, search formulation strategies and documents retrieved at the shelves. The online catalogue environment does not appear to have increased the extent of subject searching nor the use of the bibliographic tool. The manual precis index supported a contextual approach for broad and more interactive search formulations whereas the opac encouraged a matching approach and narrow formulations with fewer but user generated formulations. The success rate of the online catalogue was slightly better than that of the manual tools but fewer items were retrieved at the shelves. Non‐users of the bibliographic tools seemed to be just as successful. To improve retrieval effectiveness it is suggested that online catalogues should cater for both matching and contextual approaches to searching. Recent research indicates that a more interactive process could be promoted by providing query expansion through a combination of searching aids for matching, for search formulation assistance and for structured contextual retrieval.
Soft Anisotropic Conductors as Electric Vias for Ga-Based Liquid Metal Circuits (2015)

We introduce a method for sealing liquid metal (LM) circuits with soft anisotropic conductors that prevent leaking, while simultaneously allowing for electrical contact with skin and surface mounted electronics. These films are composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) embedded with vertically aligned columns of ferromagnetic Ag-Ni microparticles. The microparticles are magnetically aligned and support electrical conductivity only through the thickness (z-axis) of the elastomer film. Measurements on 10-40% (by wt) composites show moderate volumetric resistivity (as low as ρ = 0.03 Ω/m) through the thickness and no conductivity between adjacent traces. Functionality is demonstrated with several illustrative applications related to tactile sensing and electronics hardware integration.
Grouping Wireless Picocells with a Distribution System (1997)

: This paper will present solutions to interconnect small wireless cells via a networking infrastructure, transparently grouping several cells together into a larger administrative unit of the dimensions of a common LAN. The main focus will be put on the design of different solutions offering different qualities of functionality depending on the application scenario. The designs will be presented and qualitatively compared. Technical Area: Wireless Multimedia Communication, Interconnection and Mobility Management 1. Introduction * The trend to increase the bit-rates of wireless in-door LANs will lead to very small radio-cells. This is caused by the use of high radio frequencies (the higher the radio frequency the worse is the wall penetration), the tendency to limit the sending power (to save the batteries and avoid electromagnetic pollution) as well as the desire for spacial reuse of frequencies. In addition a decrease of the number of mobile stations per radio-cell is achieved, wh...
Multi-Channel Electrical Impedance-Based Crack Localization of Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites under Bending Conditions (2018)

This study proposes a multi-channel electrical impedance-based crack localization technique of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCCs) under bending conditions. FRCCs have a self-sensing capability by adding conductive steel fibers into nonconductive cementitious composites, making it possible to measure electrical impedance without sensor installation. Moreover, FRCCs materials can be used as a structural member thanks to its own enhanced structural ductility as well as stiffness. In a structural health monitoring point of view, these characteristics make FRCCs suitable for monitoring structural hot spots, particularly where the crack is most likely to be initiated. Since the electrical impedance obtained from FRCCs is typically sensitive to environmental and operational conditions, false alarms are often triggered. The proposed technique can minimize the false alarms by using currently measured multi-path data as well as localize a crack within the sensing range. To examine the feasibility of crack localization in FRCCs, an instantaneous multi-channel electrical impedance acquisition system and a crack localization algorithm are developed. Subsequently, three-point bending tests are carried out under various temperature conditions. The validation test results reveal that cracks are successfully identified and localized even under varying temperature conditions.
Adriamycin resistance modulation induced by lonidamine in human breast cancer cells. (1996)

The effect of Lonidamine (LND), an energolytic chemosensitizing agent, on the MDR (multidrug resistant) phenotype of a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) has been studied. The intracellular adriamycin (ADR) accumulation and distribution, the plasma membrane potential and the P170 glycoprotein phosphorylation, have been analysed after LND treatment. The analysis of the subcellular localisation of ADR in both wild type and resistant MCF-7 cells treated with ADR or ADR + LND revealed that LND induced an ADR intracellular redistribution in both cell lines. MCF-7 ADR resistant cells exposed to LND (50 micrograms/ml) showed a change in the electrical charges distribution across the plasma membrane and a time-dependent reduction of P170 phosphorylation (70% at 24 hr). These effects were associated with a marked increase in intracellular ADR accumulation in resistant cells.
Influenza virus hemagglutinin induces differentiation of mature resting B cells and growth arrest of immature WEHI-231 lymphoma cells. (1994)

We have investigated the functional requirements for the B cell "mitogenicity" of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). Murine B cell proliferative responses were inducible by either infectious or inactivated virus, and by infected, paraformaldehyde-fixed cells. Viruses of the 12 different HA-subtypes displayed marked differences in their activation potential, classifying them as high (H2, H4, H6, H12), medium (H3, H5, H8, H9), or low (H1, H7, H10, H11) B cell activators. HA-mediated proliferation of resting B cells induced a vigorous Ig synthesis, with a predominance of IgG2b, IgG3, and IgM production. In this activation mode the B cell receptor (BCR) complex seems to be involved because 1) virus-triggered B cell proliferation was blocked by anti-Ig Abs, 2) B cell responses could be competitively inhibited by unfractionated high dose Igs, and 3) addition of BCR-modulating anti-CD45 mAb abrogated subsequent stimulation by HA. Furthermore, 4) influenza viruses were able to induce a growth arrest in the anti-mu sensitive B cell line WEHI-231. Most interestingly, the "tolerogenic" capacity correlated with the B cell stimulatory subtype of the virus, because highly stimulatory HA-subtypes were highly "tolerogenic" whereas low stimulatory subtypes were only marginally effective. Collectively, these observations raise the hypothesis that influenza viruses can cause polyclonal proliferation/differentiation of mature B cells and inactivation/tolerance induction in immature B cells by a mechanism that seems to mimic certain aspects of the physiologic BCR complex-mediated B cell activation.
Activity of Daflon 500 mg on the hemorheological disorders in diabetes. (1990)

A rheological study was performed on blood samples from 10 insulin-treated diabetics with retinopathy. As part of their treatment, they all received 4 tablets of Daflon 500 mg per day for 30 days. Three complementary rheological criteria were used to characterize blood samples: 1) viscometry, using a Couette viscometer, which produces data on viscosity, shear-thinning, viscoelasticity and tixotropy of blood, 2) aggregametry, using an apparatus based on light reflectometry, using a filtrometer based on the deformations red cells undergo as they pass through narrow pores which produces information on red cell deformability. The main results were: a better red blood cell disaggregability, a decrease in red blood cell aggregation and no change in red blood cell deformability.
Expression profile and subcellular localization of Torque teno sus virus proteins (2011)

In the present study, the expression, generation and subcellular localization of Torque teno sus virus (TTSuV) proteins were characterized into two genetically distinct TTSuV species (TTSuV1 and TTSuV2). Following transfection of three TTSuV1 and TTSuV2 full-length ORF (ORF1, ORF2 and ORF3) expression constructs into porcine kidney cells, alternative splice variants encoding new TTSuV protein isoforms were identified for the first time. Proteins encoded from ORF1 and ORF3 were localized in the nucleoli of porcine kidney cells and that of ORF2 in the cytoplasm and nucleus excluding the nucleoli. The subcellular localization of the different protein isoforms was not only similar between distinct TTSuV species but also to the ones described in human Torque teno virus (TTV). Results of the present in vitro study were not based on full-length viral clones but suggested that alternative splicing strategy to generate TTSuV protein isoforms probably occurs in vivo. Obtained data provide new information on molecular biology of TTSuV and anelloviruses, which until now has been solely based on results obtained from human TTV.
Targeted focal therapy for prostate cancer: a review (2009)

With data demonstrating effective treatment in select patients, physicians can better inform their patients of the options available to eradicate their prostate cancer. TFT provides an alternative to active surveillance and more aggressive treatments for patients with low-risk tumors. As studies mature, more information regarding long-term survival and benefit will become more evident.
An Investigation of Low Marangoni Number Fluid Flow in a Cold Corner (1993)

A large pool of liquid with a horizontal free surface in bounded on one side by a vertical solid wall. The wall is maintained at a cold temperature to a depth of unity, with a warmer temperature below that point. The fluid surface is assumed adiabatic, and average surface tension forces keep the surface flat. Surface tension is assumed to be a decreasing function of temperature, so that the surface thermal gradient associated with the temperature variations drives flow toward the comer. This problem is examined numerically for different Marangoni numbers ranging from 1 to 300 using a Green's function approximation method for viscous case (in the limit as the Reynolds number approaches zero). Marangoni number, Convection, Diffusion, Alternating-Direction Implicit (ADI) Method.
S26 ribosomal protein RNA: an invariant control for gene regulation experiments in eucaryotic cells and tissues (1993)

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The immune response against Chlamydia suis genital tract infection partially protects against re-infection (2014)

The aim of the present study was to reveal the characteristic features of genital Chlamydia suis infection and re-infection in female pigs by studying the immune response, pathological changes, replication of chlamydial bacteria in the genital tract and excretion of viable bacteria. Pigs were intravaginally infected and re-infected with C. suis strain S45, the type strain of this species. We demonstrated that S45 is pathogenic for the female urogenital tract. Chlamydia replication occurred throughout the urogenital tract, causing inflammation and pathology. Furthermore, genital infection elicited both cellular and humoral immune responses. Compared to the primo-infection of pigs with C. suis, re-infection was characterized by less severe macroscopic lesions and less chlamydial elementary bodies and inclusions in the urogenital tract. This indicates the development of a certain level of protection following the initial infection. Protective immunity against re-infection coincided with higher Chlamydia-specific IgG and IgA antibody titers in sera and vaginal secretions, higher proliferative responses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), higher percentages of blood B lymphocytes, monocytes and CD8⁺ T cells and upregulated production of IFN-γ and IL-10 by PBMC.
Introducing <scp>d</scp>-Amino Acid or Simple Glycoside into Small Peptides to Enable Supramolecular Hydrogelators to Resist Proteolysis (2012)

Here we report the examination of two convenient strategies, the use of a d-amino acid residue or a glycoside segment, for increasing the proteolytic resistance of supramolecular hydrogelators based on small peptides. Our results show that the introduction of d-amino acid or glycoside to the peptides significantly increases the resistance of the hydrogelators against proteinase K, a powerful endopeptidase. The insertion of d-amino acid in the peptide backbone, however, results relatively low storage moduli of the hydrogels, likely due to the disruption of the superstructures of the molecular assembly. In contrast, the introduction of a glycoside to the C-terminal of peptide enhances the biostability of the hydrogelators without the significant decrease of the storage moduli of the hydrogels. This work suggests that the inclusion of a simple glycogen in hydrogelators is a useful approach to increase their biostability, and the gained understanding from the work may ultimately lead to development of hydrogels of functional peptides for biomedical applications that require long-term biostability.
The structures of the β-cristobalite phases of SiO<sub>2</sub>and AlPO<sub>4</sub> (1975)

The crystal structures of the 'cristobalite' phases of SiO4 and AlPO4 have been determined from X-ray data collected at high temperatures. A model is suggested which gives a much better fit to the data than previously published structures. In this model, the 16 oxygen atoms of the unit cell are statistically distributed over the 96 positions (h) of the space group Fd3m. This averaged structure is interpreted as comprising domains of 'ideal' cristobalite (space group 142d) joined together in six different orientations as a kind of micro-twinning. In this way the structure retains a short-range order similar to low cristobalite, but loses part of the long-range order of the oxygen atoms. From the results of least-squares refinements at several temperatures, a static disordering is calculated, equal to (U x 2 )1/2=0·18 Å for the silicon atoms. The β-cristobalite phase of AlPO4 is similarly disordered, with a short-range structure isomorphous with BPO4.