gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring for adverse drug reactions (2006)

Monitoring describes the prospective supervision, observation, and testing of an ongoing process. The result of monitoring provides reassurance that the goal has been or will be achieved, or suggests changes that will allow it to be achieved. In therapeutics, most thought has been given to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, that is, monitoring of drug concentrations to achieve benefit or avoid harm, or both. Patients and their clinicians can also monitor the progress of a disease, and adjust treatment accordingly, for example, to achieve optimum glycaemic control. Very little consideration has been given to the development of effective schemes for monitoring for the occurrence of adverse effects, such as biochemical or haematological disturbance. Significant harm may go undetected in controlled clinical trials. Even where harm is detected, published details of trials are usually insufficient to allow a practical monitoring scheme to be introduced. The result is that information available to prescribers, such as the Summary of Product Characteristics, frequently provides advice that is incomplete or impossible to follow. We discuss here the elements of logical schemes for monitoring for adverse drug reactions, and the possible contributions that computerized decision support can make. We should require evidence that if a monitoring scheme is proposed, it can be put into practice, will prove effective, and is affordable.
Deletion of fucose residues in plant <i>N</i> ‐glycans by repression of the <i>GDP‐mannose 4,6‐dehydratase</i> gene using virus‐induced gene silencing and RNA interference (2010)

Production of pharmaceutical glycoproteins in plants has many advantages in terms of safety and reduced costs. However, plant-produced glycoproteins have N-glycans with plant-specific sugar residues (core β-1,2-xylose and α-1,3-fucose) and a Lewis a (Le(a) ) epitope, i.e., Galβ(1-3)[Fucα(1-4)]GlcNAc. Because these sugar residues and glycan structures seemed to be immunogenic, several attempts have been made to delete them by repressing their respective glycosyltransferase genes. However, until date, such deletions have not been successful in completely eliminating the fucose residues. In this study, we simultaneously reduced the plant-specific core α-1,3-fucose and α-1,4-fucose residues in the Le(a) epitopes by repressing the Guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP)-D-mannose 4,6-dehydratase (GMD) gene, which is associated with GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis, in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Repression of GMD was achieved using virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) and RNA interference (RNAi). The proportion of fucose-free N-glycans found in total soluble protein from GMD gene-repressed plants increased by 80% and 95% following VIGS and RNAi, respectively, compared to wild-type plants. A small amount of putative galactose substitution in N-glycans from the NbGMD gene-repressed plants was observed, similar to what has been previously reported GMD-knockout Arabidopsis mutant. On the other hand, the recombinant mouse granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) with fucose-deleted N-glycans was successfully produced in NbGMD-RNAi transgenic N. benthamiana plants. Thus, repression of the GMD gene is thus very useful for deleting immunogenic total fucose residues and facilitating the production of pharmaceutical glycoproteins in plants.
Crystallization mechanism and catalytic performance of TS-1 synthesized by an aerosol-assisted method (2017)

TS-1 was synthesized by an aerosol-assisted method. SiO2–TiO2 amorphous powder was prepared by an aerosol process from an aqueous solution of silicon and titanium sources under acid conditions, which can make titanium ions highly distributed without complex operations. The powder was crystallized with a given amount of template agent (25% TPAOH) under autogenous pressure. Without adding extra water, the crystallization system maintained a high concentration of template agent, which can significantly reduce the amount of template and the discharge of polluted water. TS-1 with different Si/Ti ratios and different crystallization times were synthesized from the SiO2–TiO2 amorphous powder by the aerosol-assisted method. The structure, composition and morphology of TS-1 were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and electron microscopy. The crystallization mechanism of TS-1 has been studied at different crystallization times. The results indicated that the crystallization process followed a liquid-phase mechanism. The incorporation of the Ti species into the framework was delayed as compared to that of the Si species. Furthermore, TS-1 exhibited good catalytic performance in propylene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide.
Templated Growth of InP Nanocrystals with a Polytwistane Structure (2018)

We have synthesized InP nanocrystals of an unprecedented crystal phase at low temperature (35-100 °C) by templated growth of InP magic-sized clusters. With the addition of stoichiometric equivalents of P(SiMe<sub>3</sub> )<sub>3</sub> to the starting cluster, we demonstrate nanocrystal growth mediated through a partial dissolution and recrystallization pathway. This growth process was monitored using a combination of in situ UV/Vis and <sup>31</sup> P NMR spectroscopy, revealing the intermediacy of smaller cluster species of higher symmetry. The nanocrystals that result from this templated growth exhibit a crystal structure that is neither zincblende nor wurtzite, and instead is derived from the original cluster. This structure is best described as a 3D polytwistane phase as deduced from a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy methods.
Integration of 802.11 and third-generation wireless data networks (2004)

The third-generation (3G) wide area wireless networks and 802.11 local area wireless networks possess complementary characteristics. 3G networks promise to offer always-on, ubiquitous connectivity with relatively low data rates. 802.11 offers much higher data rates, comparable to wired networks, but can cover only smaller areas, suitable for hot-spot applications in hotels and airports. The performance and flexibility of wireless data services would be dramatically improved if users could seamlessly roam across the two networks. In this paper, we address the problem of integration of these two classes of networks to offer such seamless connectivity. Specifically, we describe two possible integration approaches - namely tight integration and loose integration and advocate the latter as the preferred approach. Our realization of the loose integration approach consists of two components: a new network element called IOTA gateway deployed in 802.11 networks, and a new client software. The IOTA gateway is composed of several software modules, and with cooperation from the client software offers integrated 802.11/3G wireless data services that support seamless intertechnology mobility, Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees and multiprovider roaming agreements. We describe the design and implementation of the IOTA gateway and the client software in detail and present experimental performance results that validate our architectural approach.
Model for solid-liquid and solid-solid friction of rough surfaces with adhesion hysteresis (2007)

Mechanisms of energy dissipation during solid-solid and solid-liquid friction are discussed. A conservative van der Waals adhesion force, when combined with surface imperfectness, such as deformation, leads to adhesion hysteresis (AH). When an asperity slides upon a substrate, the substrate is subjected to a loading-unloading cycle, and energy is dissipated due to the AH. Another mechanism, which leads to energy dissipation, involves energy barriers between metastable states due to surface roughness. Both mechanisms are fundamental for sliding and result in both solid-liquid and solid-solid friction.
Using nursery rhymes (2002)

Nursery rhymes need to be sung and recited regularly so that children can learn the words, rhythms and tunes. You might set aside time to do this at the end of a group session. You can also use them for gaining attention at the start of a session, particularly with new children who may know some of the rhymes from home. This is where the old favourites, such as ‘Baa, baa, black sheep’ and ‘Humpty Dumpty’ come in useful. You may prefer to plan a weekly or twice-weekly session where you introduce new rhymes and sing and recite rhymes that the children know well.
The effect of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates with application to biological systems (2003)

We study the influence of surface roughness on the adhesion of elastic plates. Most real surfaces have roughness on many different length scales, and this fact is taken into account in our analysis. We consider in detail the case when the surface roughness can be described as a self-affine fractal, and study the plate–substrate pull-off force as a function of the surface roughness. Based on the theoretical results we discuss adhesion in biological systems, focusing on the adhesive pads of lizards.
Evaluation of effect of ephedrine on the transport of drugs from the nasal cavity to the systemic circulation and the central nervous system (2007)

It has been shown that vasoconstrictive drugs such as ephedrine derivatives are able to decrease systemic absorption of drugs administered by mucosal surfaces. The present paper set out to evaluate in the rat model the effect of co-administered nasal ephedrine on the absorption of GR138950 in a simple and in a pectin self-gelling formulation. It was hypothetised that a decrease in nasal systemic absorption would lead to an increase in direct nose-to-brain transport as demonstrated by the drug concentration in the olfactory lobes of the brain. It was found that ephedrine administered nasally with the drug in a simple aqueous solution resulted in a significant increase in nasal systemic absorption and also an increase in brain delivery; however, this trend was not observed with the pectin formulations. The pectin formulation with ephedrine resulted in lower systemic absorption of GR138950 and lower brain uptake compared to the simple solution formulation containing ephedrine.
An exploration of the potential of Automatic Speech Recognition to assist and enable receptive communication in higher education (2006)

The potential use of Automatic Speech Recognition to assist receptive communication is explored. The opportunities and challenges that this technology presents students and staff to provide captioning of speech online or in classrooms for deaf or hard of hearing students and assist blind, visually impaired or dyslexic learners to read and search learning material more readily by augmenting synthetic speech with natural recorded real speech is also discussed and evaluated. The automatic provision of online lecture notes, synchronised with speech, enables staff and students to focus on learning and teaching issues, while also benefiting learners unable to attend the lecture or who find it difficult or impossible to take notes at the same time as listening, watching and thinking.DOI: 10.1080/09687760500479977
Enhancement of an electroporation system for gene delivery using electrophoresis with a planar electrode (2006)

In this paper a new electroporation (EP) system is developed, which includes an EP microchip and a logic circuit, which combined with electrophoresis (ES), can provide site-specific enhancement of gene concentration. In this ES-EP microchip, an arc planar electrode provides the ES function for DNA attraction, and interdigitated array electrodes provide appropriate electric fields for the EP on the chip surface. In addition, the adherent cells can be manipulated in situ without detachment of the ES-EP microchip, which performs the "Lab on a chip". Experimental results have shown that the efficiency of gene transfection with an attracting-electric field (35.89%) becomes much higher than that without an attracting-electric field (16.62%). Cell numbers as low as 10(4) cells, and DNA as little as 4 microg are sufficient for evaluating the phenotypic effects following the over-expression of the introduced genes on the ES-EP microchip. The proposed system has the advantages of portability, cost-effectiveness, a high transfection rate and ease of operation.
A Calibration Methodology for Retrofit Projects Using Short-Term Monitoring and Disaggregated Energy Use Data (1996)

This paper presents an improved methodology to\ncalibrate energy simulation models to better represent\nthe actual energy use breakdowns in existing buildings.\nThe goal of this methodology is to help architects\nand engineers accurately determine the current\nenergy use and identify any energy-related problems\nin the building before proposing the retrofit design\nsolutions, without conducting long-term monitoring.\nThe methodology includes procedures to conduct\nsystematic data collection, "on-off' tests to determine\nthe power densities of the electrical loads, up\nto four weeks of building energy monitoring to derive\nthe energy use profiles and temperature settings,\nand disaggregation of the measured energy use data.\nThe procedures also utilize the monthly utility billing\nrecords and site weather data. The calibration to the\nmeasured data is done on both hourly and monthly\nbasis.\nThe procedures are built into a computer program\nand integrated with previously developed\nsimulation software. The user interface of the program\nincludes guidelines to help the user decide\nwhich simulation input variable has to be altered in\norder to match the measured data. It also produces\ngraphical outputs to help in visualizing the results,\nand several guidelines to help study different retrofit\nstrategies after the model has been calibrated.
Development of two wheel tractor operated seed cum fertilizer drill. (1990)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Overexpression of the protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit a gene ZmPP2AA1 improves low phosphate tolerance by remodeling the root system architecture of maize (2017)

Phosphate (Pi) limitation is a constraint for plant growth and development in many natural and agricultural ecosystems. In this study, a gene encoding Zea mays L. protein phosphatase 2A regulatory subunit A, designated ZmPP2AA1, was induced in roots by low Pi availability. The function of the ZmPP2AA1 gene in maize was analyzed using overexpression and RNA interference. ZmPP2AA1 modulated root gravitropism, negatively regulated primary root (PR) growth, and stimulated the development of lateral roots (LRs). A detailed characterization of the root system architecture (RSA) in response to different Pi concentrations with or without indole-3-acetic acid and 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid revealed that auxin was involved in the RSA response to low Pi availability. Overexpression of ZmPP2AA1 enhanced tolerance to Pi starvation in transgenic maize in hydroponic and soil pot experiments. An increased dry weight (DW), root-to-shoot ratio, and total P content and concentration, along with a delayed and reduced accumulation of anthocyanin in overexpressing transgenic maize plants coincided with their highly branched root system and increased Pi uptake capability under low Pi conditions. Inflorescence development of the ZmPP2AA1 overexpressing line was less affected by low Pi stress, resulting in higher grain yield per plant under Pi deprivation. These data reveal the biological function of ZmPP2AA1, provide insights into a linkage between auxin and low Pi responses, and drive new strategies for the efficient utilization of Pi by maize.
Purchase-Bidding Strategies of an Energy Coalition With Demand-Response Capabilities (2009)

The implementation of demand-response programs (DRP) has gained interest as a means to alleviate energy consumption during peak-hours. Two explanations account for the success of such programs which involve both utilities and electricity consumers, with the latter often organized into coalitions: the system operator meets its goal of reducing the load peak; simultaneously, electricity consumers achieve economic benefits when reducing consumption during peak hours. In this paper, a Monte Carlo-based algorithm has been proposed for the formulation of multiple purchase offers in the day-ahead energy market (DAEM) by coalitions in which consumers vary in their sensitivity to DRP, manifesting different responsiveness to hourly tariffs based on the hourly market clearing prices. Being able to monitor how coalition members use air-conditioning in the presence of variable hourly energy tariffs, the coordinator can then define a purchase-bidding strategy, depending on how price-sensitive the coalition is. Simulation results show that the presence of a price-sensitive demand leads not only to a subsequent reduction in energy prices during peak-hours but also leads to a decrease in their inter-hour volatility.
Performance of megahertz amplified optical time-stretch optical coherence tomography (AOT-OCT) (2014)

Enabled by the ultrahigh-speed all-optical wavelength-swept mechanism and broadband optical amplification, amplified optical time-stretch optical coherence tomography (AOT-OCT) has recently been demonstrated as a practical alternative to achieve ultrafast A-scan rate of multi-MHz in OCT. With the aim of identifying the optimal scenarios for MHz operation in AOT-OCT, we here present a theoretical framework to evaluate its performance metric. In particular, the analysis discusses the unique features of AOT-OCT, such as its superior coherence length, and the relationship between the optical gain and the A-scan rate. More importantly, we evaluate the sensitivity of AOT-OCT in the MHz regime under the influence of the amplifier noise. Notably, the model shows that AOT-OCT is particularly promising when operated at the A-scan rate well beyond multi-MHz--not trivially achievable by any existing swept-source OCT platform. A sensitivity beyond 90 dB, close to the shot-noise limit, can be maintained in the range of 2 - 10 MHz with an optical net gain of ~10 dB. Experimental measurement also shows excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. While distributed fiber Raman amplification is mainly considered in this paper, the theoretical model is generally applicable to any type of amplification schemes. As a result, our analysis serves as a useful tool for further optimization of AOT-OCT system--as a practical alternative to enable MHz OCT operation.
Power System Frequency Monitoring Network (FNET) Implementation (2005)

Frequency dynamics is one of the most important measures of an electrical power system status. To better understand power system dynamics, an accurately measured wide-area frequency is needed. The concept of building an Internet-based real-time GPS-synchronized wide-area frequency monitoring network (FNET) was proposed in 2000 by Qiu et al., and this concept has been realized. The FNET system consists of frequency disturbance recorders and an information management system. The FNET has made the synchronized observations of the entire U.S. power network possible with very little cost for the first time. This paper summarizes the implementation of the FNET system and shows some preliminary observations and analyses of the data that have been collected from the FNET.
A New Family of β-Hairpin Mimetics Based on a Trypsin Inhibitor from Sunflower Seeds (2002)

The ability of proteases to regulate many aspects of cell function and defense accounts for the considerable interest in the design of novel protease inhibitors. There are many naturally occurring proteinaceous serine protease inhibitors, one of which is a 14 amino acid cyclic peptide from sunflower seeds that shows both sequence and conformational similarity with the trypsin-reactive loop of the Bowman–Birk family of serine protease inhibitors. This inhibitor adopts a β-hairpin conformation when bound at the active site of bovine β-trypsin. We illustrate here an approach to inhibitor design in which the β hairpin from the naturally occurring peptide is transplanted onto a hairpin-inducing template. Two mimetics with the sequences RC*TKSIPPIC*F (where C*C* is a disulfide) and TKSIPPI are studied, each mounted onto a D-Pro–L-Pro template. NMR studies revealed a well-defined β-hairpin conformation for each mimetic in aqueous solution; this conformation is closely related to the trypsin-bound conformation of the natural inhibitor and includes a cis-Ile–Pro peptide bond. Both mimetics inhibit trypsin in the mid nanomolar range. An alanine scan revealed the importance for inhibitory activity of the specificity-determining Lys residue and of the first but not the second Pro residue in the IPPI motif. Since these hairpin mimetics can be prepared by parallel combinatorial synthesis, this family of molecules may be a useful starting point for the discovery of other biologically or medicinally useful serine protease inhibitors.
Glycosylation and functionality of recombinant β-glucocerebrosidase from various production systems (2013)

The glycosylation of recombinant β-glucocerebrosidase, and in particular the exposure of mannose residues, has been shown to be a key factor in the success of ERT (enzyme replacement therapy) for the treatment of GD (Gaucher disease). Macrophages, the target cells in GD, internalize β-glucocerebrosidase through MRs (mannose receptors). Three enzymes are commercially available for the treatment of GD by ERT. Taliglucerase alfa, imiglucerase and velaglucerase alfa are each produced in different cell systems and undergo various post-translational or post-production glycosylation modifications to expose their mannose residues. This is the first study in which the glycosylation profiles of the three enzymes are compared, using the same methodology and the effect on functionality and cellular uptake is evaluated. While the major differences in glycosylation profiles reside in the variation of terminal residues and mannose chain length, the enzymatic activity and stability are not affected by these differences. Furthermore, the cellular uptake and in-cell stability in rat and human macrophages are similar. Finally, in vivo studies to evaluate the uptake into target organs also show similar results for all three enzymes. These results indicate that the variations of glycosylation between the three regulatory-approved β-glucocerebrosidase enzymes have no effect on their function or distribution.
Stereolithographic models derived from x-ray computed tomography. Reproduction accuracy. (1997)

We investigate the accuracy of complex anatomical replicas derived from X-ray computed tomography data linked to the rapid prototyping technique of stereolithography. Data processing by specific softwares (segmentation, three-dimensional interpolation) allows direct interfacing with the stereolithography apparatus to build a resin replica with reproduction of internal cavities. Our preliminary results about surface and dimensional accuracies suggest that the reproduction of complex anatomical structures by stereolithography is reliable enough to be used for surgical planning, for custom-made implants and for surgical anatomy teaching.
Utilisation of a yeast pectinase in olive oil extraction and red wine making processes (1992)

Abstract The possibility of using an endo‐polygalacturonase produced by the yeast Cryptococcus albidus var albidus (yeast pectinase) in the mechanical olive oil extraction process and in the production of red wine was investigated. Compared with the control and olive pastes treated with a commercial enzyme preparation, an increase in oil yield was achieved by treatment with the yeast pectic preparation. Also, the finished oil quality (turbidity, oxidation induction time, chlorophyll, and the content of polyphenols and aromatic compounds) was generally better. Treatment of red musts with yeast pectinase resulted in an improved aromatic profile in the wines, even in the absence of an increase in colour intensity. Moreover, the use of the yeast pectinase did not cause any particular increase in the methanol content of the finished wines.