gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives of Sulfonamides<sup>1</sup> (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDicarboxylic Acid Derivatives of Sulfonamides1Maurice L. Moore and Charles S. MillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 7, 1572–1576Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01259a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views207Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (550 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A Mechanochemically Triggered “Click” Catalyst (2015)

"Click" chemistry represents one of the most powerful approaches for linking molecules in chemistry and materials science. Triggering this reaction by mechanical force would enable site- and stress-specific "click" reactions--a hitherto unreported observation. We introduce the design and realization of a homogeneous Cu catalyst able to activate through mechanical force when attached to suitable polymer chains, acting as a lever to transmit the force to the central catalytic system. Activation of the subsequent copper-catalyzed "click" reaction (CuAAC) is achieved either by ultrasonication or mechanical pressing of a polymeric material, using a fluorogenic dye to detect the activation of the catalyst. Based on an N-heterocyclic copper(I) carbene with attached polymeric chains of different flexibility, the force is transmitted to the central catalyst, thereby activating a CuAAC in solution and in the solid state.
Analysis of protein and mucin components deposited on hydrophilic contact lenses (1987)

Formation of deposits on hydrophilic soft contact lenses causes patient discomfort and decreased lens performance. HPLC and SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used to resolve, identify, and quantify the biological materials from lens deposits, using catalase as an internal standard. Within the limits of detection by silver staining methods (above 0.2 μg), all proteins found in lens deposits were also found in human tear fluid (lactoferrin, albumin, tear‐specific prealbumin, lysozyme, and an unidentified protein of Mr = 35,000); however, the proportions of proteins deposited on lenses differed markedly from those in tear fuid. Among individual patient lenses, the relative amounts of proteins in lens deposits also showed considerable variation. Specific staining of lenses and electrophoretic gels with Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid‐Schiff's reagent indicated the presence of mucin components (glycoproteins and muco‐polysaccharides) on heavily deposited lenses, but not on normal or lightly deposited lenses. Severity of lens deposits correlated positively with staining density by silver or AB/PAS on SDS‐PAGE gels. Mucin caused loss of electrophoretic resolution (smearing) and formation of elemental silver "mirrors" on silver stained SDS‐PAGE gels. This investigation provides (a) new quantitative micro‐methods for protein analysis with individual soft contact lenses, and (b) chemical evidence that much is a major component of heavy deposits on hydrophilic lenses. New lens cleaning methods should therefore include dissolution of mucin.
Novel type-II quantum cascade lasers (1996)

A new class of quantum cascade lasers based on type-II quantum wells is analyzed. In these novel mid- and long-wavelength IR lasers, not only can a population inversion be easily created with a nearly 100% current injection efficiency, but also the nonradiative loss from the optical phonon scattering can be greatly suppressed. A general description of how the lasing threshold current depends on the injection, radiative, and inversion efficiencies is formulated to illustrate the expected improvements over the recently reported quantum cascade laser. Also, the features that distinguish quantum cascade lasers from traditional bipolar lasers are discussed in the context of the carrier transport in equivalent circuit models to illustrate the advantages of quantum cascade lasers for high power mid- and long-wavelength IR source applications.
Signal Detection and Target Gene Induction by the CpxRA Two-Component System (2003)

The Cpx pathway is a two-component signal transduction system that senses a variety of envelope stresses, including misfolded proteins, and responds by upregulating periplasmic folding and trafficking factors. CpxA resides in the inner membrane and has both kinase and phosphatase activities. CpxR, the response regulator, mediates a response by activating transcription of stress-combative genes. Signal transduction is subject to feedback inhibition via regulon member CpxP and autoamplification. Recently, it was shown that the Cpx pathway is also upregulated when cells adhere to hydrophobic surfaces and that this response is dependent on the outer membrane lipoprotein NlpE. Here we show that while NlpE is required for induction of the Cpx pathway by adhesion, induction by envelope stress and during growth is NlpE independent. We show that while all of the envelope stresses tested induce the Cpx pathway in a manner that is dependent on the periplasmic domain of CpxA, induction during growth is independent of CpxA. Therefore, we propose that the Cpx pathway can sense inducing cues that enter the signaling pathway at three distinct points. Although CpxP is not required for induction of the Cpx pathway, we show that its activity as a negative regulator of CpxA is inactivated by envelope stress. Moreover, the cpxP promoter is more inducible than any other regulon member tested. Consistent with these results, we suggest that CpxP performs a second function, most likely that of a chaperone. Finally, we show that two Cpx-regulated genes are differentially upregulated in response to different envelope stresses, suggesting the existence of three stress-responsive systems.
Hybrid-ARQ Reed-Solomon coding in an adaptive rate system (2003)

The performance of a channel estimation procedure based on retransmission statistics is examined for a two-state channel. Throughput performance is derived from the ability of the estimation mechanism to determine which of the two states the channel is in at any given moment. The throughput analysis is then used to derive a simple rule for maximizing throughput through careful selection of the code set. The performance of Reed-Solomon codes in type-I hybrid-ARQ protocols is considered. The tradeoff between throughput and reliability is derived for the general case and plotted for several specific examples. An example is presented in which a pair of Reed-Solomon codes is used in an adaptive rate coding system on a two-state channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling of wound healing processes in human skin using tissue culture (1998)

To facilitate the investigation of the complex process that leads to healing of a human skin wound we developed standardized and repeatable in vitro models for both incisional and burn wounds. Wounds with a standardized area and depth were created in normal human skin biopsies which were then incubated in vitro. It was shown, by cultivation, that both dermal and epidermal cells maintained their viability during a 14-day in vitro incubation if exposed to at least 2% fetal calf serum. By incubating in 10% serum, the skin samples were stimulated to completely re-epithelialize the wounded area. Because a large number of standardized wounds can be obtained from each donor, the re-epithelialization process can be studied histologically and immunohistochemically at several adjacent time points. The ability to keep the cells in the wound area viable without stimulating healing by incubating the wounds in suboptimal serum concentrations implies a way of studying the stimulatory effects of different agents, such as growth factors, on the wound healing process. There were some marked discrepancies in the healing process between the incisional and burn wounds which resemble the in vivo situation, indicating that the in vitro models could be used to more closely study differences between healing in different types of wounds. Our findings suggest that in vitro tissue culture can be of great value in attempting to better understand the complex process of wound healing in human skin.
DISPERSIÓN ASISTIDA POR MAGNETRÓN EN PELÍCULAS DE TiN (2005)

Por medio de la tcnica PVD (Deposicin fsica en fase vapor), de dispersin asistida por un magnetrn, se deposit un recubrimiento de TiN sobre sustratos de acero grado herramienta D2 a partir de un blanco de titanio en una mezcla de gases de Ar y N 2 . Los recubrimientos fueron depositados a temperaturas alrededor de 400C de sustrato, observndose una significativa variacin en el color clsico dorado y la dureza. Los resultados obtenidos mediante SEM (Microscopio Electrnico de Barrido) y difraccin de rayos X revelan que hubo un cambio de coloracin, composicin y dureza al variar las condiciones de tiempo de depositacin y distancia de trabajo sobre los sustratos. Esto fue corroborado en los resultados obtenidos por mediciones de dureza con un microdurmetro Mitutoyo. La microscopia electrnica de barrido revel una morfologa columnar. Utilizando un microindentador Vickers se obtuvo
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Navigation (2010)

This paper considers the vehicle navigation problem for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) with six degrees of freedom. We approach this problem using an error state formulation of the Kalman filter. Integration of the vehicle's high-rate inertial measurement unit's (IMU's) accelerometers and gyros allow time propagation while other sensors provide measurement corrections. The low-rate aiding sensors include a Doppler velocity log (DVL), an acoustic long baseline (LBL) system that provides round-trip travel times from known locations, a pressure sensor for aiding depth, and an attitude sensor. Measurements correct the filter independently as they arrive, and as such, the filter is not dependent on the arrival of any particular measurement. We propose novel tightly coupled techniques for the incorporation of the LBL and DVL measurements. In particular, the LBL correction properly accounts for the error state throughout the measurement cycle via the state transition matrix. Alternate tightly coupled approaches ignore the error state, utilizing only the navigation state to account for the physical latencies in the measurement cycle. These approaches account for neither the uncertainty of vehicle trajectory between interrogation and reply, nor the error state at interrogation. The navigation system also estimates critical sensor calibration parameters to improve performance. The result is a robust navigation system. Simulation and experimental results are provided.
Protective effects of the antioxidant selenium on quinolinic acid‐induced neurotoxicity in rats:<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>studies (2003)

Quinolinic acid (QUIN), a well known excitotoxin that produces a pharmacological model of Huntington's disease in rats and primates, has been shown to evoke degenerative events in nerve tissue via NMDA receptor (NMDAr) overactivation and oxidative stress. In this study, the antioxidant selenium (as sodium selenite) was tested against different markers of QUIN-induced neurotoxicity under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. In the in vitro experiments, a concentration-dependent effect of selenium was evaluated on the regional peroxidative action of QUIN as an index of oxidative toxicity in rat brain synaptosomes. In the in vivo experiments, selenium (0.625 mg per kg per day, i.p.) was administered to rats for 5 days, and 2 h later animals received a single unilateral striatal injection of QUIN (240 nmol/ micro L). Rats were killed 2 h after the induction of lesions with QUIN to measure lipid peroxidation and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in striatal tissue. In other groups, the rotation behavior, GABA content, morphologic alterations, and the corresponding ratio of neuronal damage were all evaluated as additional markers of QUIN-induced striatal toxicity 7 days after the intrastriatal injection of QUIN. Selenium decreased the peroxidative action of QUIN in synaptosomes both from whole rat brain and from the striatum and hippocampus, but not in the cortex. A protective concentration-dependent effect of selenium was observed in QUIN-exposed synaptosomes from whole brain and hippocampus. Selenium pre-treatment decreased the in vivo lipid peroxidation and increased the GPx activity in QUIN-treated rats. Selenium also significantly attenuated the QUIN-induced circling behavior, the striatal GABA depletion, the ratio of neuronal damage, and partially prevented the morphologic alterations in rats. These data suggest that major features of QUIN-induced neurotoxicity are partially mediated by free radical formation and oxidative stress, and that selenium partially protects against QUIN toxicity.
Theoretical analysis and simulation study of a high-resolution zoom-in PET system (2009)

We study a novel PET system that integrates a high-resolution zoom-in detector into an existing PET scanner to provide higher resolution and sensitivity in a target region. In contrast to a full-ring PET insert, the proposed system is designed to focus on the target region close to the face of the high-resolution detector. The proposed design is easier to implement than a full-ring insert and provides flexibility for adaptive PET imaging. We developed a maximum a posteriori (MAP) image reconstruction method for the proposed system. Theoretical analysis of the resolution and noise properties of the MAP reconstruction is performed. We show that the proposed PET system offers better performance in terms of resolution-noise tradeoff and lesion detectability. The results are validated using computer simulations.
Water temperature, not fish morph, determines parasite infections of sympatric <scp>I</scp>celandic threespine sticklebacks (<i><scp>G</scp>asterosteus aculeatus</i>) (2013)

Parasite communities of fishes are known to respond directly to the abiotic environment of the host, for example, to water quality and water temperature. Biotic factors are also important as they affect the exposure profile through heterogeneities in parasite distribution in the environment. Parasites in a particular environment may pose a strong selection on fish. For example, ecological differences in selection by parasites have been hypothesized to facilitate evolutionary differentiation of freshwater fish morphs specializing on different food types. However, as parasites may also respond directly to abiotic environment the parasite risk does not depend only on biotic features of the host environment. It is possible that different morphs experience specific selection gradients by parasites but it is not clear how consistent the selection is when abiotic factors change. We examined parasite pressure in sympatric morphs of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) across a temperature gradient in two large Icelandic lakes, Myvatn and Thingvallavatn. Habitat-specific temperature gradients in these lakes are opposite. Myvatn lava rock morph lives in a warm environment, while the mud morph lives in the cold. In Thingvallavatn, the lava rock morph lives in a cold environment and the mud morph in a warm habitat. We found more parasites in fish living in higher temperature in both lakes, independent of the fish morph, and this pattern was similar for the two dominating parasite taxa, trematodes and cestodes. However, at the same time, we also found higher parasite abundance in a third morph living in deep cold-water habitat in Thingvallavatn compared to the cold-water lava morph, indicating strong effect of habitat-specific biotic factors. Our results suggest complex interactions between water temperature and biotic factors in determining the parasite community structure, a pattern that may have implications for differentiation of stickleback morphs.
Catalytic Double Stereoinduction in Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Oxindoles (2009)

A highly regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselective allylic alkylation reaction of 3-monosubstituted oxindoles catalyzed by molybdenum is described. The reaction is affected by the electronic and steric variations of the nucleophile. The use of appropriate N-protecting group is particularly important for achieving high regio- and diastereoselectivity. Products from this reaction, containing vicinal quaternary-tertiary stereogenic centers, are valuable synthetic intermediates and should find utility in alkaloid synthesis.
Inhibition of microtubule assembly by poly(<scp>L</scp>-glutamic acid) and the site of its action (1986)

Poly(L-glutamic acid) (PGA) suppresses the polymerization of porcine brain microtubule proteins and induces the depolymerization in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner. The extent of inhibition increases with increasing molecular weight of the PGA tested. A 50% inhibition of the protein polymerization was observed at a PGA (molecular weight = 60,000) to microtubule protein ratio of 0.04 (w/w), and complete inhibition was obtained at a ratio of 0.07. Such an inhibition on the polymerization by PGA is greatly decreased when Mg2+ is present at a higher concentration. The addition of PGA raises the critical concentration of microtubule proteins necessary for assembly. During incubation with PGA, microtubule proteins retain the ability to assemble, i.e., substoichiometric amounts of taxol considerably relieve the inhibition of assembly by PGA. PGA interacts with microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) preferentially, because the amount of MAPs binding to PGA-Sepharose 4B is much larger than that of tubulin. Tau proteins were observed only in adsorbed fractions, while MAP-2 was present in both unbound and adsorbed fractions.
Multicenter Phase II Study of Bortezomib in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2006)

These results confirm the activity of bortezomib in relapsed or refractory MCL, with predictable and manageable toxicities. Bortezomib provides significant clinical activity in terms of durable and complete responses, and may therefore represent a new treatment option for this population with usually very poor outcome. Studies of bortezomib-based combinations in MCL are ongoing.
AutoCompress: An Automatic DNN Structured Pruning Framework for Ultra-High Compression Rates (2019)

Structured weight pruning is a representative model compression technique of DNNs to reduce the storage and computation requirements and accelerate inference. An automatic hyperparameter determination process is necessary due to the large number of flexible hyperparameters. This work proposes AutoCompress, an automatic structured pruning framework with the following key performance improvements: (i) effectively incorporate the combination of structured pruning schemes in the automatic process; (ii) adopt the state-of-art ADMM-based structured weight pruning as the core algorithm, and propose an innovative additional purification step for further weight reduction without accuracy loss; and (iii) develop effective heuristic search method enhanced by experience-based guided search, replacing the prior deep reinforcement learning technique which has underlying incompatibility with the target pruning problem. Extensive experiments on CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets demonstrate that AutoCompress is the key to achieve ultra-high pruning rates on the number of weights and FLOPs that cannot be achieved before. As an example, AutoCompress outperforms the prior work on automatic model compression by up to 33x in pruning rate (120x reduction in the actual parameter count) under the same accuracy. Significant inference speedup has been observed from the AutoCompress framework on actual measurements on smartphone. We release all models of this work at anonymous link: http://bit.ly/2VZ63dS.
COX/mPGES-1/PGE <sub>2</sub> pathway depicts an inflammatory-dependent high-risk neuroblastoma subset (2015)

The majority of solid tumors are presented with an inflammatory microenvironment. Proinflammatory lipid mediators including prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) contribute to the establishment of inflammation and have been linked to tumor growth and aggressiveness. Here we show that high-risk neuroblastoma with deletion of chromosome 11q represents an inflammatory subset of neuroblastomas. Analysis of enzymes involved in the production of proinflammatory lipid mediators showed that 11q-deleted neuroblastoma tumors express high levels of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) and elevated levels of PGE2. High mPGES-1 expression also corresponded to poor survival of neuroblastoma patients. Investigation of the tumor microenvironment showed high infiltration of tumor-promoting macrophages with high expression of the M2-polarization markers CD163 and CD206. mPGES-1-expressing cells in tumors from different subtypes of neuroblastoma showed differential expression of one or several cancer-associated fibroblast markers such as vimentin, fibroblast activation protein α, α smooth muscle actin, and PDGF receptor β. Importantly, inhibition of PGE2 production with diclofenac, a nonselective COX inhibitor, resulted in reduced tumor growth in an in vivo model of 11q-deleted neuroblastoma. Collectively, these results suggest that PGE2 is involved in the tumor microenvironment of specific neuroblastoma subgroups and indicate that therapeutic strategies using existing anti-inflammatory drugs in combination with current treatment should be considered for certain neuroblastomas.
Information model of an optical burst edge switch (2003)

Optical burst switching (OBS) has been touted as a suitable technique to support the bursty IP datagrams over the future all-optical networks. This paper presents an information model on edge nodes of such an OBS network to provide management information at both optical burst layer and traditional WDM transport layer to understand, operate and manage these edge nodes. Managed objects corresponding to various components and resources inside edge nodes are illustrated. The structure of management information base (MIB) under the SNMP management interface for managing the identified parameters is also presented.