gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peptide models for inherited neurodegenerative disorders: conformation and aggregation properties of long polyglutamine peptides with and without interruptions (1999)

Several neurodegenerative diseases are caused by expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the affected proteins. In spino-cerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1), histidine interruptions have been reported to mitigate the pathological effects of long glutamine stretches. To understand this phenomenon, we investigated the conformational preferences of peptides containing both the uninterrupted polyglutamine stretches and those with histidine interruption(s) as seen in SCA1 normals. Our study suggests that substitution of histidines by glutamines induces a conformational change which results in decreased solubility and increased aggregation. Our findings also suggest that all the polyglutamine peptides with and without interruption(s) adopt a beta-structure and not random coil.
Multi-MW Peak Power Scaling of Single-Transverse Mode Pulses using 80-µm Core Yb-doped LMA Fibers (2006)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Hou, M. Cheng, A. Galvanauskas, D. Engin, R. Changkakoti, and P. Mamidipudi, "Multi-MW Peak Power Scaling of Single-Transverse Mode Pulses using 80-µm Core Yb-doped LMA Fibers," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper MF5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
D-JNKI-1 Treatment Prevents the Progression of Hearing Loss in a Model of Cochlear Implantation Trauma (2006)

Hearing loss caused by cochlear implant electrode insertion trauma in guinea pigs has both acute and delayed components. The delayed component can be prevented by treating the cochlea with D-JNKI-1.
INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENT OF ADHESIVENESS IN SOLID AND SEMI‐SOLID FOODS. A SURVEY (2000)

ABSTRACT The literature on the methodology for instrumental determination of adhesiveness in various groups of solid and semi‐solid foods and the definition of the related parameters is reviewed. A specific analysis is made of the various ways of presenting the sample to the equipment, the shapes, sizes and materials of probes, degrees of penetration or compression, and devices specially designed for measuring adhesiveness in particular foods. Information is provided about various forms of sensory measurement evaluation of adhesiveness.
Polyisobutylene chain end transformations: Block copolymer synthesis and click chemistry functionalizations (2010)

The primary objectives of this research were twofold: (1) development of synthetic procedures for combining quasiliving carbocationic polymerization (QLCCP) of isobutylene (IB) and reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization for block copolymer synthesis; (2) utilization of efficient, robust, and modular chemistries for facile functionalization of polyisobutylene (PIB). Two site transformation strategies were employed to create block copolymers effectively linking PIB with either poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), and poly(Nisopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) block segments. Functionalization of PIB was accomplished by utilizing two click chemistries, the azide-alkyne 1,3-dipolar cyclo addition and the thiol-ene hydrothiolation reaction, and by efficient transformation of the thiol functional group. {for the full Abstract, please download the dissertation}
Essential role of oligodendrocytes in the formation and maintenance of central nervous system nodal regions (2001)

The membrane of myelinated axons is divided into functionally distinct domains characterized by the enrichment of specific proteins. The mechanisms responsible for this organization have not been fully identified. To further address the role of oligodendrocytes in the functional segmentation of the axolemma in vivo, the distribution of nodal (Na(+) channels, ankyrin G), paranodal (paranodin/contactin-associated-protein) and juxtaparanodal (Kv1.1 K(+) channels) axonal markers, was studied in the brain of MBP-TK and jimpy mice. In MBP-TK transgenic mice, oligodendrocyte ablation was selectively induced by FIAU treatment before and during the onset of myelination. In jimpy mice, oligodendrocytes degenerate spontaneously within the first postnatal weeks after the onset of myelination. Interestingly, in MBP-TK mice treated for 1-20 days with FIAU, despite the ablation of more than 95% of oligodendrocytes, the protein levels of all tested nodal markers was unaltered. Nevertheless, these proteins failed to cluster in the nodal regions. By contrast, in jimpy mice, despite a diffused localization of paranodin, the formation of nodal clusters of Na(+) channels and ankyrin G was observed. Furthermore, K(+) channels clusters were transiently visible, but were in direct contact with nodal markers. These results demonstrate that the organization of functional domains in myelinated axons is oligodendrocyte dependent. They also show that the presence of these cells is a requirement for the maintenance of nodal and paranodal regions.
Use of low-dose adaptive sequence scan of dual-source CT in coronary angiography for arrhythmia: An preliminary study (2013)

Objective 　To investigate the application of low-dose adaptive sequence scan of dual-source CT in coronary angiography of patients with arrhythmia, and evaluate its diagnostic accuracy. Methods 　One hundred and thirty-four patients with arrhythmia undergoing dual-source CT coronary angiography (CTA) were divided into 2 groups according to the scan mode: patients in group A underwent retrospective ECG-gating helical scanning (n=78); patients in group B received adaptive sequence scanning (n=56). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of dual-source CTA were determined by using conventional coronary angiography as the reference standard. The significance of difference between the two groups was analyzed, and the respective radiation dose was also compared. Results 　The overall sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values was 97.0%, 98.5%, 87.4% and 99.7%, respectively in group A, and 97.0%, 98.8%, 88.9% and 99.7%, respectively, in group B. No statistical difference was found between two groups (P>0.05). The average effective radiation dose was 
12.0±3.6mSv in group A, which was significantly higher than that in group B (3.1±0.7mSv, Z=－9.826, P=0.00). Conclusion 　Adaptive sequence scan combined with the absolute phase reconstruction in dual-source CT coronary angiography is feasible in patients with arrhythmia in providing good image quality and diagnostic accuracy at a low effective radiation dose.
Interposed request routing for scalable network storage (2000)

This paper explores interposed request routing in Slice, a new storage system architecture for high-speed networks incorporating network-attached block storage. Slice interposes a request switching filter - called a µproxy - along each client's network path to the storage service (e.g., in a network adapter or switch). The µproxy intercepts request traffic and distributes it across a server ensemble. We propose request routing schemes for I/O and file service traffic, and explore their effect on service structure.The Slice prototype uses a packet filter µproxy to virtualize the standard Network File System (NFS) protocol, presenting to NFS clients a unified shared file volume with scalable bandwidth and capacity. Experimental results from the industry-standard SPECsfs97 workload demonstrate that the architecture enables construction of powerful network-attached storage services by aggregating cost-effective components on a switched Gigabit Ethernet LAN.
<title>Holographic optical elements for free-space clock distribution</title> (1991)

Optical clock distribution is an attractive technique to avoid clock skew in highspeed digital systems. For short lengths free space distribution by holographic optical elements (HOE) has specific advantages. We will report on the requirements of the optical system in respect of necessary light power and its equipartition to the photoreceivers. We give an estimation for the maximum number for optical fanout con sidering especially ECL circuits. Specific system constraints lead to a certain layout for the whole arrangement. The realization of a distinct HOE type is carried out in form of a binary phase reflection HOE which is produced by dry etching of silicon. The measured diffraction efficiency is close to the theoretical limit.
The Influence of Citric Acid on Setting Time and Temperature Behavior of Calcium Sulfoaluminate-Belite Cement (2019)

Today the need to opt for alternative cementitious materials is growing due to environmental reasons and construction time frames that portland cement cannot always satisfy. Calcium Sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements are a strong candidate to supplement or replace portland cement in the construction field for certain applications. In the United States, CSA cement has been limited mostly to pavement repairs because of its rapid initial setting time. The chemical compound responsible for this phenomenon is the alumina. This compound and sulfate are present in larger proportions compared to portland cement. The purpose of this research is to study how the use of a retarder, citric acid specifically, affects the setting time, compression strength, and temperature behavior of cement paste made using CSA-belite cement. The analysis of the setting time was conducted by means of the Vicat test and penetration resistance test. The temperature gradient was measured with thermocouples concurrently with the setting time tests. The results showed that the setting time and the citric acid dosage (dosage range in % by weight of cement) have a linear relationship. Moreover, the increasing citric acid dosage reduces the magnitude of the temperature peak and shifts it along the time axis. The results also showed that the compressive strength at the seven-day stage increases slightly as citric acid is added to the mixture. From the compressive strength analysis, it was observed that not adding citric acid produced fractures in the cement paste samples that affected the compressive strength. The results of this research can be utilized as guidance for future research or to guide mix proportioning of concrete made with CSA cement.
Realization of a Bragg reflection filter wavemeter (2000)

We present the preliminary results of a metrological standard for fiber Bragg gratings. This device is based on well-established wavemeter concepts and allows for the a priori determination of Bragg resonances that are verifiable and accurate. Although the concept is demonstrated here with small-fringe-number samplings, the production and detection of images of 50,000 metering fringes was easily accomplished with a nonidealized imaging system. Thus, since the system is characteristically similar to a standard wavemeter, increased fringe counts produce accurate frequency counter ratios for the determination of Bragg resonances, allowing for its application as a universal metering tool for many holographic systems.
Synthesis of 24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic acid derivatives: a convenient and efficient one-carbon degradation of the side chain of natural bile acids (1988)

An efficient procedure for obtaining nor-bile acids from natural (C24) bile acids is described. Treatment of formylated bile acids with sodium nitrite in a mixture of trifluoroacetic anhydride with trifluoroacetic acid gives, through a "second order" Beckmann rearrangement, 24-nor-23-nitriles. These compounds, on alkaline hydrolysis, afford the corresponding nor-bile acids in high yields. The sequence was successfully applied to the synthesis of 3 alpha-hydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic (norlithocholic) acid, 3 alpha,6 alpha- (norhyodeoxycholic), 3 alpha,7 alpha- (norchenodeoxycholic), 3 alpha,7 beta- (norursodeoxycholic), and 3 alpha,12 alpha-dihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic (nordeoxycholic) acids, as well as 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-24-nor-5 beta-cholan-23-oic (norcholic) acid. 13C-NMR spectra of their methyl esters are reported. The procedure provides a more rapid alternative to the Barbier-Wieland degradation for shortening by one methylene group the side chain of natural (C24) bile acids.
A 1-D Solid-State-Sensor-Based Array System for Magnetic Field Imaging of Steel Reinforcing Bars Embedded Within Reinforced Concrete (2009)

This paper describes a linear 1-D solid-state-based magneto-inductive sensor array for detecting and imaging steel-reinforcing bars embedded within prestressed and reinforced concrete. Using a square coil of 300 mm times 300 mm times 2.5 mm and by only measures of the vertical component of the magnetic flux density, pictorial representation of embedded rebars of different diameters and configurations can be imaged down up to a depth of 100 mm. The system is also capable of imaging metallic objects of different shapes. Experimental results obtained by scanning different steel bar specimens are presented.
Requirements for telecommunications services: an attack on complexity (2002)

In engineering the requirements for a telecommunications system, the greatest obstacle to be overcome is the sheer complexity of the required behavior. We present several ways of managing and minimizing this complexity, all of proven effectiveness. Most of the specification techniques result from specific application of general requirements principles to the telecommunications domain.
Identification of a Novel Testis-Specific Member of the Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein Family, pebp-21 (2002)

The phosphatidylethanolamine binding proteins (pebps) are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins recently implicated in mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway regulation, where they are called raf kinase inhibitory proteins. Here, we describe the cloning, cellular localization, and partial characterization of a new member, pebp-2, with potential roles in male fertility. Expression data show that pebp-2 is a testis-specific 21-kDa protein found within late meiotic and haploid germ cells in a stage-specific pattern that is temporally distinct from that of pebp-1. Sequence analyses suggest that pebp-2 forms a distinct subset of the pebp family within mammals. Database analyses revealed the existence of a third subset. Analysis suggests that the specificity/regulation of the distinct pebps subsets is likely to be determined by the amino terminal 40 amino acids or the 3' untranslated region, where the majority of sequence differences occur. Protein homology modeling suggests that pebp-2 protein is, however, topologically similar to other pebps and composed of Greek key fold motifs, a dominant beta-sheet formed from five anti-parallel beta strands forming a shallow groove associated with a putative phosphatidylethanolamine binding site. The pebp-2 gene is intronless and data suggest that it is a retrogene derived from pebp-1. Further, pebp-2 colocalizes with members of the MAP kinase pathway in late spermatocytes and spermatids and on the midpiece of epididymal sperm. These data raise the possibility that pebp-2 is a novel participant in the MAP kinase signaling pathway, with a role in spermatogenesis or posttesticular sperm maturation.
Repair of Ulnar Segmental Defect by Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs. (1998)

The efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) combined with poly D, L lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/gelatin sponge complex (PGS) as a carrier on the repair of segmental long-bone defects was evaluated using an ulnar model in dogs. The defect was 2 cm in length and was fixed with bone plating. After implantation of PGS with or without rhBMP-2, the repair process of the defect was evaluated by serial radiography until 16 postoperative weeks. All defects treated with 160 micrograms or 640 micrograms of rhBMP-2/PGS revealed bone union radiographically by 12 postoperative weeks, whereas all defects treated with PGS alone revealed no radiographic evidence of healing throughout the experimental period. In defects treated with 40 micrograms of rhBMP-2/PGS, new bone appeared partially at the defects but did not accomplish union. Bone mineral contents at the defect sites after harvest at 16 weeks postoperatively were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in those treated with 160 micrograms or 640 micrograms of rhBMP-2 than in those treated with 40 micrograms of rhBMP-2 or PGS alone. Histologically, defects radiographically diagnosed as having achieved union showed the appearance of cortical bone and bone marrow cells. These findings suggest the use of rhBMP-2/PGS as a potential bone graft substitute in reconstructive surgery in dogs.
3′ Truncation of the <i>GPD1</i> Promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Improved Ethanol Yield and Productivity (2013)

Glycerol is a major by-product in bioethanol fermentation by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and decreasing glycerol formation for increased ethanol yield has been a major research effort in the bioethanol field. A new strategy has been used in the present study for reduced glycerol formation and improved ethanol fermentation performance by finely modulating the expression of GPD1 in the KAM15 strain (fps1Δ pPGK1-GLT1 gpd2Δ). The GPD1 promoter was serially truncated from the 3' end by 20 bp to result in a different expression strength of GPD1. The two engineered promoters carrying 60- and 80-bp truncations exhibited reduced promoter strength but unaffected osmostress response. These two promoters were integrated into the KAM15 strain, generating strains LE34U and LE35U, respectively. The transcription levels of LE34U and LE35U were 37.77 to 45.12% and 21.34 to 24.15% of that of KAM15U, respectively, depending on osmotic stress imposed by various glucose concentrations. In very high gravity (VHG) fermentation, the levels of glycerol for LE34U and LE35U were reduced by 15.81% and 30.66%, respectively, compared to KAM15U. The yield and final concentration of ethanol for LE35U were 3.46% and 0.33% higher, respectively, than those of KAM15U. However, fermentation rate and ethanol productivity for LE35U were reduced. On the other hand, the ethanol yield and final concentration for LE34U were enhanced by 2.28% and 2.32%, respectively, compared to those of KAM15U. In addition, a 2.31% increase in ethanol productivity was observed for LE34U compared to KAM15U. These results verified the feasibility of our strategy for yeast strain development.
876. Development of Novel Angiogenic DNA Medicine Using a Genomic/cDNA Hybrid of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene (2006)

Background Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has angiogenic and antifibrotic activity and two isoforms of HGF are naturally expressed by alternative splicing. Here, we developed genomic/cDNA hybrids of HGF gene, which can generate two isoforms of HGF simultaneously and efficiently. We examined therapeutic potential of this novel form of HGF gene both in rabbit ischemic limb disease model and rat ischemic heart disease model. Methods and results We generated a series of genomic/cDNA hybrids of HGF gene. Comparative analysis on RNA expression pattern and efficiency of these constructs showed that the hybrid called HGF-X7 could express two isoforms of HGF more efficiently than cDNA of HGF and other hybrids. Next we compared the therapeutic potential of HGF-X7 expression DNA VM202 with that of VEGF165 DNA. The number of collateral vessels, capillary density and blood flow were significantly increased in HGF-X7 group in rabbit model as compared with VEGF165 and control group. Furthermore, ejection fraction, viable heart muscle area and capillary density were also considerably increased in HGF-X7 group in rat model. These results provided the first demonstration that the transfer of genomic/cDNA hybrid of HGF gene could be a promising treatment modality in human cardiovascular disease.
Magnetomotive photoacoustic imaging: <i>in vitro</i> studies of magnetic trapping with simultaneous photoacoustic detection of rare circulating tumor cells (2013)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been demonstrated to be a promising modality in molecular imaging for detection of nanoparticle-targeted diseased cells or tissues. However, intrinsic absorbers, such as blood, produce strong PA background signals that severely degrade the detection sensitivity and specificity of targeted objects. Magnetomotive photoacoustic (mmPA) imaging, a newly developed molecular imaging modality, introduced dynamic manipulation into traditional PA imaging. Unlike conventional PA imaging, magnetomotive manipulation with simultaneous ultrasound/PA imaging of agents incorporating magnetic nanoparticles enables direct visualization of the signal generating object and can dramatically reduce background signals from strong optical absorbers. This paper briefly reviews recent developments in mmPA imaging, including uses of composite contrast agent, design of magnet system, and data processing for motion filtering. The use of mmPA imaging in detecting rare circulating tumor cells in blood vessels, which remains a big challenge for real-time in vivo examination using current methodologies, was also addressed.
Changes in Ocular Refraction and Its Components Among Medical Students???A 5-Year Longitudinal Study (1996)

Myopia can progress after the age of puberty, but at a slower rate than during childhood. Axial elongation of the eyeball is the main component that changes in myopic progression.
Fast asymmetric Internet over wireless satellite-terrestrial networks (2002)

We describe our work on the design and implementation of high performance Internet services over networks consisting of interconnected direct broadcast (satellite) hosts and terrestrial wireless LANs with various capabilities. The network uses receive only satellite links for downstream data delivery and wireless and wireline terrestrial links for the upstream path. A key concept in our work is that of a hybrid terminal, which is a PC connected to a DBS antenna and to the local wireless LAN. The hybrid terminal uses a modem connection for outgoing traffic while receiving incoming information through the VSAT.
Collaborative signal and information processing: An information-directed approach (2003)

This paper describes information-based approaches to processing and organizing spatially distributed, multimodal sensor data in a sensor network. Energy-constrained networked sensing systems must rely on collaborative signal and information processing (CSIP) to dynamically allocate resources, maintain multiple sensing foci, and attend to new stimuli of interest, all based on task requirements and resource constraints. Target tracking is an essential capability for sensor networks and is used as a canonical problem for studying information organization problems in CSIP. After formulating a CSIP tracking problem in a distributed constrained optimization framework, the paper describes information-driven sensor query and other techniques for tracking individual targets as well as combinatorial tracking problems such as counting targets. Results from simulations and experimental implementations have demonstrated that these information-based approaches are scalable and make efficient use of scarce sensing and communication resources.