gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ETHICS IN INFERTILITY TREATMENT (2000)

The author acknowledges the considerable advancements in the management of the infertile that have taken place in recent years and seeks to explore the fundamental ethical issues that inevitably arise. The rationing of services for financial or organisational reasons is explored, and other questions are raised: Does the donor of sperm or eggs have the right to anonymity or is that an infringement of the child’s right to information on their genetic make up? Should there be an upper age limit for women and men for donation and treatment? With genetic diagnosis sex can be determined, and abnormalities detected, what are the links with that information to abortion? A very thought provoking article that concludes with a personal comment on the polarised stances these ethical issues raise, and the place of the Christian healthcare professional somewhere in the middle, alongside the patients.
The superconducting cavity stability ruby maser oscillator (1984)

Analysis of an application of the rudy maser to a superconducting Cavity Stabilized oscillator shows many attractive features. These derive from the mechancial stability inherent in an all-cryogenic design and from the properties of the ruby maser itself. A multiple-cavity design has been developed to allow physical separation of the high-Q superconducting cavity and the ruby element with its requried applied magnetic field. Mode selection is accomplished in this design by tuning the ruby by means of the applied field. We conclude that such an oscillator would perform well, even with cavity Q's as low as 10 to the 8th power allowing the use of a superconductor-on-sapphire resonator with its greater rigidity and lower thermal expansion. A first test of the Superconducting Cavity Stabilized Maser Oscillator (SCSMO) confirms the efficacy of the multiple-cavity design and the applicability of the ruby maser. Frequency variation less than 4x10 to the minus 11th power was measured in the stabilized mode and is attributed to the reference oscillator and to instabilities in the pump source. Variation of 10 to the minus 10th power was observed in the low-Q unstabilized mode, again attributable to pump fluctuations. Even so, direct scaling to a Q of 10 the 9th power predicts a stability better than 10 to the minus 15th power. Together with results showing the lowest losses to date in sapphire at microwave frequencies, and preliminary experiments on superconductor-on-sapphire resonators, frequency stability, levels as low as 10 to the minus 17th power are indicated.
Human immunoglobulin selection associated with class switch and possible tolerogenic origins for Cδ class-switched B cells (2004)

Current paradigms of peripheral B cell selection suggest that autoreactive B cells are controlled by clonal deletion, anergy, and developmental arrest. We report that changes to the human antibody repertoire likely resulting from these mechanisms both for a well-characterized autoreactivity from antibodies encoded by the V(H)4-34 gene and for other hallmarks of an autoreactive repertoire are apparent mainly for class-switched B cells and not for IgM germinal center, IgM memory, or IgM plasma cells. Other possible indicators of autoreactivity found selected with immunoglobulin class include J(H)6 gene segment usage, increased frequency of B cells with long third hypervariable regions, and distal J(kappa) gene segment bias. Of particular interest is the finding that B cells with these same characteristics are selected into the lineage of B cells that have undergone the unusual class switch from constant region C mu to C delta (C delta-CS). The C delta-CS population also displays an increased frequency of charged amino acids localized to the complementarity-determining regions, further suggesting autoreactivity, and evidence is presented that these B cells had undergone extensive receptor editing. Thus, the C delta-CS lineage may be a "sink" for B cells harboring autoreactive specificities in normal humans. A model for a new tolerizing mechanism that could account for the C delta-CS lineage is presented.
Demonstration of the amphiphilic character of hormone-sensitive lipase by temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114 and charge-shift electrophoresis. (1986)

Temperature-induced phase separation in Triton X-114 (Bordier, C. (1981) J. Biol. Chem. 256, 1604-1607) and charge-shift electrophoresis (Helenius, A., and Simons, K. (1977) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 74, 529-532) were used to examine the amphiphilic character of hormone-sensitive lipase, purified from rat adipose tissue. In contrast to ATP-citrate lyase, a reference hydrophilic protein, the lipase was shown to partition predominantly (approximately 80%) into the detergent-rich phase upon phase separation in Triton X-114. Furthermore, its electrophoretic mobility was markedly shifted anodally and cathodally upon charge-shift electrophoresis in the presence of sodium taurodeoxycholate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, respectively. The results demonstrate that hormone-sensitive lipase possesses detergent-binding hydrophobic domain(s) and exhibits the same amphiphilicity as typical intrinsic membrane proteins.
Model Predictive Direct Torque Control—Part II: Implementation and Experimental Evaluation (2008)

This paper describes the implementation of the model predictive direct torque control (MPDTC) algorithm for the control of three-phase induction motor drives comprising a three-level DC-link inverter. The MPDTC scheme is designed to keep the motor torque and stator flux and the inverter's neutral point potential within given hysteresis bounds while reducing the average switching frequency of the inverter, in comparison with the standard direct torque control (DTC) method. The algorithm is embedded in the control software environment of ABB's ACS6000 medium-voltage drive, and experimental results are provided which verify the advantageous features of MPDTC in terms of average inverter switching frequency reduction. More specifically, compared to standard DTC, the proposed MPDTC scheme achieves an average (over the whole operating range) reduction of the inverter switching frequency of 16.5%, but for specific operating conditions the reduction is as much as 37.4%.
A hybrid bi-directional IPT system with improved spatial tolerance (2015)

Bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are suitable for applications such as V2G where a bi-directional wireless interface between the electric vehicle (EV) and the utility grid has a number of advantages over a wired link. However, physical misalignment between the magnetic couplers of BD-IPT systems used in EVs are unavoidable and introduces variations in self-inductance, leakage inductance and mutual inductance. These variations invariably detune the compensation circuits, thus significantly increasing losses and affecting the power throughput. This paper proposes a hybrid BD-IPT system, which combines a parallel tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) network and a series tuned capacitor-inductor (CL) compensation network to provide a constant power transfer over a wide range of spatial displacements. A mathematical is developed to investigate the behavior and the sensitivity to variation in parameters of the proposed hybrid BD-IPT system. The validity of the mathematical model has been verified using simulated results of a 3.3 kW hybrid BD-IPT system. Both theoretical and simulated results are presented to show that a constant power throughput and an improved efficiency can be achieved over a wide range of horizontal and vertical displacements.
Cephalometric Analysis for Mandibular Surgery (1982)

Zide, Barry M.D., D.M.D.; Grayson, Barry D.D.S.; McCarthy, Joseph G. M.D. Author Information
Preliminary electrochemiluminescence studies of metal ion-bacterial diazoluminomelanin (DALM) interactions (1998)

Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) studies of the chemiluminescent (CL) polymer diazoluminomelanin (DALM) biosynthesized in nitrate reductase transfected Escherichia coli JM109 bacteria revealed noteworthy anodic ECL and even more intense cathodic ECL. Bacterial DALM (BD) ECL was also assessed in the presence of 100 ppm of 33 different metal and non-metal ions which revealed specific anodic, but not cathodic, enhancements of BD ECL with Ag+, Hg2+ and Ru3+. The precursors and intermediate polymers which comprise DALM, such as luminol, 3-amino-L-tyrosine (3-AT), aminomelanin (AM) and diazomelanin (DM) were screened for ECL enhancement against the same set of elemental ions. Significant anodic ECL enhancements were observed for luminol with Hg2+ in the presence of tripropylamine (TPA), but not for any other DALM component in combination with other elemental ions, either anodically or cathodically. Comparison of BD with luminol in the presence and absence of TPA and Hg2+ revealed very different ECL activity patterns and suggested different mechanisms for BD and luminol ECL.
UWB Automotive Radar to Mitigate Impact on Radio Services Using Restricted Band (2006)

A novel UWB SRR complying with the FCC new spectrum mask, and its key components, a carrier-leak-free BO, an antenna with notch filtering function, has been described. Furthermore, an incoherent receiving system which consists of SLD, variable gain LNA, SH has been presented, enabling simple and low-cost SRR. We make further efforts for developing simpler SRR with one-chip Tx- and one-chip Rx-modules.
Lack of Effect of Gemfibrozil on Cyclosporine Blood Concentrations in Kidney-Transplanted Patients (1998)

Forty kidney-transplanted patients with hypertriglyceridemia, under treatment with cyclosporine alone or associated with other immunosuppressive drugs, were treated with gemfibrozil. This drug, for a long-term treatment (ranging from 4 to 6 months), was able to decrease hypertriglyceridemia and did not modify either polyclonal (P) and monoclonal (M) cyclosporine blood levels or P/M ratio. These data seem to exclude an effect of gemfibrozil on cyclosporine blood concentrations. Therefore, the use of gemfibrozil in kidney-transplanted patients does not require modifications of cyclosporine dose.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Sodium Zirconium Silicates and Characterization of Their Properties (1997)

By studying reactions in the system Zr(OC3H7)4−silicic acid (Na2SiO3, Na2Si3O7)−NaOH−H2O under mild hydrothermal conditions (180−190 °C) the formation of three novel layered sodium zirconium silicates, Na2Zr5Si2O15·3H2O, Na2Zr5Si2O15·4H2O, and Na2ZrSi3O9·3H2O, and five other compounds: Na4Zr2Si3O12, Na3HZrSi2O8, Na4Zr2Si5O16·H2O, Na4ZrSi3O10, and Na2ZrSi3O9·2H2O, have been found. All the synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, TGA, X-ray, IR, and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy. The ion-exchange behavior of sodium zirconium silicates toward alkali, alkaline-earth, and some di- and trivalent metal cations was studied.
A low-complexity ML channel estimator for OFDM (2003)

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing with cyclic prefix enables low-cost frequency-domain mitigation of multipath distortion. However, to determine the equalizer coefficients, knowledge of the channel frequency response is required. While a straightforward approach is to measure the response to a known pilot symbol sequence, existing literature reports a significant performance gain when exploiting the frequency correlation properties of the channel. Expressing this correlation by the finite delay spread, we build a deterministic model parametrized by the channel impulse response and, based on this model, derive the maximum-likelihood channel estimator. In addition to being optimal (up to the modeling error), this estimator receives an elegant time-frequency interpretation. As a result, it has a significantly lower complexity than previously published methods.
Grain boundary related electrical transport in Al-rich Al x Ga1 − x N layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (2011)

Electrical transport data for Al-rich AlGaN layers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) are presented and analyzed in the temperature range 135–300 K. The temperature dependence of electrical conductivity indicated that conductivity in the films was controlled by potential barriers caused by carrier depletion at grain boundaries in the material. The Seto’s grain boundary model provided a complete framework for understanding of the conductivity behavior. Various electrical parameters of the present samples such as grain boundary potential, donor concentration, surface trap density, and Debye screening length were extracted.
Rescue of the albino phenotype by introducing a functional tyrosinase minigene into Kunming albino mice (2007)

Taken together, these results suggest that this minigene encodes the active tyrosinase protein and that its 5' flanking region contains the sequences regulating the expression of mouse tyrosinase gene as expected. We have rescued the albino phenotype by introduction and expression of a functional tyrosinase minigene in the Kunming albino mouse and the transgene can be passed to subsequent generation. These findings also indicate that TyBS can be a useful visual marker gene in the co-transgenic experiments.
Consider the Capabilities of Flexible Fabric‐Reinforced Pipe (2020)

According to AWWA, US investment needs for buried drinking water infrastructure total more than $1 trillion nationwide over the next 25 years. With various technologies available, water utilities have effective, potentially cost‐saving options for pipeline rehabilitation, including flexible fabric‐reinforced pipe.
Catalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral biaryls by palladium-catalyzed enantioposition-selective cross-coupling. (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric synthesis of axially chiral biaryls by palladium-catalyzed enantioposition-selective cross-coupling.Tamio Hayashi, Satoshi Niizuma, Takashi Kamikawa, Nobuhiro Suzuki, and Yasuhiro UozumiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 35, 9101–9102Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00140a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00140a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2376Altmetric-Citations176LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Block arrivals in the Bitcoin blockchain (2018)

Bitcoin is a electronic payment system where payment transactions are verified and stored in a data structure called the blockchain. Bitcoin miners work individually to solve a computationally intensive problem, and with each solution a Bitcoin block is generated, resulting in a new arrival to the blockchain. The difficulty of the computational problem is updated every 2,016 blocks in order to control the rate at which blocks are generated. In the original Bitcoin paper, it was suggested that the blockchain arrivals occur according to a homogeneous Poisson process. Based on blockchain block arrival data and stochastic analysis of the block arrival process, we demonstrate that this is not the case. We present a refined mathematical model for block arrivals, focusing on both the block arrivals during a period of constant difficulty and how the difficulty level evolves over time.
Effects of Carbon Nanotube-Tethered Nanosphere Density on Amperometric Biosensing: Simulation and Experiment (2011)

Nascent nanofabrication approaches are being applied to reduce electrode feature dimensions from the microscale to the nanoscale, creating biosensors that are capable of working more efficiently at the biomolecular level. The development of nanoscale biosensors has been driven largely by experimental empiricism to date. Consequently, the precise positioning of nanoscale electrode elements is typically neglected, and its impact on biosensor performance is subsequently overlooked. Herein, we present a bottom-up nanoelectrode array fabrication approach that utilizes low-density and horizontally oriented single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a template for the growth and precise positioning of Pt nanospheres. We further develop a computational model to optimize the nanosphere spatial arrangement and elucidate the trade-offs among kinetics, mass transport, and charge transport in an enzymatic biosensing scenario. Optimized model variables and experimental results confirm that tightly packed Pt nanosphere/SWCNT nanobands outperform low-density Pt nanosphere/SWCNT arrays in enzymatic glucose sensing. These computational and experimental results demonstrate the profound impact of nanoparticle placement on biosensor performance. This integration of bottom-up nanoelectrode array templating with analysis-informed design produces a foundation for controlling and optimizing nanotechnology-based electrochemical biosensor performance.
Transfer of Streptosporangium viridogriseum (Okuda et al. 1966), Streptosporangium viridogriseum subsp. kofuense (Nonomura and Ohara 1969), and Streptosporangium albidum (Furumai et al. 1968) to Kutzneria gen. nov. as Kutzneria viridogrisea comb. nov., Kutzneria kofuensis comb. nov., and Kutzneria albida comb. nov., Respectively, and Emendation of the Genus Streptosporangium (1994)

A chemotaxonomic analysis of 14 Streptosporangium species revealed the phenotypic heterogeneity of this genus. The type species, Streptosporangium roseum, and 11 other species share similar isoprenoid quinones, fatty acids, and polar lipids. Two species, Streptosporangium albidum and Streptosporangium viridogriseum, including S. viridogriseum subsp. viridogriseum and S. viridogriseum subsp. kofuense, were characterized by a pattern of chemotaxonomic properties that was clearly distinct from the pattern obtained for the authentic Streptosporangium species. The results of a previous phylogenetic analysis of 16S ribosomal DNA and 5S rRNA indicated that the type species and its relatives are distantly related to members of the genus Streptomyces, whereas a member of the other group was found to be phylogenetically related to, but clearly distinct from, members of the family Pseudonocardiaceae. On the basis of these phenotypic and genomic differences, we propose the name Kutzneria gen. nov. for a new genus containing the previously misclassified Streptosporangium species and describe Kutzneria viridogrisea comb, nov., Kutzneria albida comb, nov., and Kutzneria kofuensis comb. nov. The type species of the new genus is Kutzneria viridogrisea, and the type strain is DSM 43850 (= ATCC 25242).
Effect of Intracarotid and Intraventricular Morphine on Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism in Pentobarbital-Anesthetized Dogs (1993)

Potent opiate analgesics, administered either epidurally, intrathecally, or intravenously, are a common adjunct to pain control in the perioperative period. Little is known, however, of the effects of opiate agonists on cerebral blood flow (CBF) and metabolism. Current studies are complicated by the hypotensive effects of these compounds and their route of administration. To circumvent these difficulties we studied the effects of intraventricular and intracarotid morphine sulfate, in doses that do not affect arterial blood pressure, on regional CBF and total cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) in pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs. Five dogs received 0.04 mg/kg morphine via intracarotid injection. Five additional dogs received 0.2 mg/kg morphine via ventricular cisternal infusion over 5 min, and five control dogs received mock cerebrospinal fluid at the same infusion rate. CBF was measured using the radiolabeled microsphere technique. Intracarotid morphine decreased neurohypophyseal blood flow to 58% of control, but it did not alter blood flow to any other brain region, except caudate nucleus, or cause a change in CMRO2. Infusion of mock cerebrospinal fluid in the cerebral ventricles did not alter CBF or CMRO2. Ventricular-cisternal perfusion of morphine caused a transient increase in CBF (24 +/- 2 to 37 +/- 6 mL min-1 100 kg-1) but had no effect on spinal cord blood flow or CMRO2. Neurohypophyseal blood flow, however, decreased to 40% of control levels (480 +/- 76 to 176 +/- 42 mL min-1 100 kg-1) after 2 min and gradually returned to control levels at 60 min.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of the Nitraria Alkaloids (-)-Nitramine and (+)-Isonitramine (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective Total Syntheses of the Nitraria Alkaloids (-)-Nitramine and (+)-IsonitramineMarian Keppens and Norbert De KimpeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 12, 3916–3918Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00117a053https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00117a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views439Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts