gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactive Oxygen Species: the Dual Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions of the Human Body (2018)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known for playing a dual role as destructive and constructive species. Indeed, ROS are engaged in many redox-governing activities of the cells for the preservation of cellular homeostasis. However, its overproduction has been reported to result in oxidative stress, which is considered as a deleterious process, and is involved in the damage of cell structures that causes various diseased states. This review provides a concise view on some of the current research published in this topic for an improved understanding of the key roles of ROS in diverse conditions of health and disease. Previous research demonstrated that ROS perform as potential signaling molecules to control several normal physiological functions at the cellular level. Additionally, there is a growing body of evidence supporting the role of ROS in various pathological states. The binary nature of ROS with their profitable and injurious characteristics indicates the complexities of their specific roles at a biological compartment and the difficulties in establishing convenient intervention procedures to treat ROS-related diseases.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2019)

Die aufregende Geschichte der Glückseligkeit von der Antike bis zur Aufklärung. Die Aufklärung darf geradezu als das Zeitalter der Glückseligkeit bezeichnet werden. Diese wurde als Eudaimonie in der Antike beschrieben und besprochen und fand Aufnahme in das Christentum. In der Aufklärung wurde europaweit um sie gerungen. Im deutschsprachigen Raum wurde ihre Karriere durch Übersetzungen befördert. Die Studie macht erstmals nachvollziehbar, wie und unter welchen Bedingungen die Aufklärer in der Auseinandersetzung mit Antike und Moderne immer wieder neue Versuche unternahmen, um die Glückseligkeit zu erklären. Dass sich die Glückseligkeit nicht auf einen Nenner bringen lässt, zeigt der Blick auf wegweisende moralphilosophische Annäherungen (Aristoteles, Thomas von Aquin, Thomas Hobbes, Christian Wolff, Christian Thomasius), literarisch ambitionierte Prosa an der Schnittstelle zur Philosophie (Seneca, Shaftesbury, La Mettrie) sowie lyrisches Fragment und Drama (Lessing). In diesen Quellen werden diachron und synchron Unterschiede und Zusammenhänge deutlich gemacht und ein Narrativ der Glückseligkeit spürbar, das ihrer Faszination über die Jahrtausende Nahrung verlieh. Auch für die Aufklärer war Glückseligkeit nicht einfach der Lohn der Tugend.
Speech synthesis using non-uniform units in the Verbmobil project. (1997)

We describe a concatenative speech synthesiser for British English which uses the HADIFIX [8] inventory structure originally developed for German by Portele. An inventory of non-uniform units was investigated with the aim of improving segmental quality compared to diphones. A combination of soft (diphone) and hard concatenation was used, which allowed a dramatic reduction in inventory size. We also present a unit selection algorithm which selects an optimum sequence of units from this inventory for a given phoneme sequence. The work described is part of the concept-to-speech synthesiser for the language and speech project Verbmobil [12] which is funded by the German Ministry of Science (BMBF). 1. INTRODUCTION Unit concatenation is now the most popular form of speech synthesis. Typically the units are diphones, that is, phone-sized. This means that there will be a join in each and every phone. Since certain phonemes do not join well in this way, we use a mixed inventory system with uni...
Inhibition by nociceptin of neurogenic inflammation and the release of SP and CGRP from sensory nerve terminals (1997)

Pretreatment with the novel neuropeptide nociceptin (20 micrograms kg-1, i.p.) caused an inhibition of plasma extravasation evoked by antidromic stimulation of the saphenous nerve or by topical application of 1% mustard oil on the skin of the acutely denervated hindleg of the rat. In contrast, it did not affect non-neurogenic inflammation evoked by s.c. injection of bradykinin after chronic denervation. Release of substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) from rat isolated tracheae in response to electrical field stimulation was diminished by nociceptin (100 nM). It is concluded that nociceptin inhibits the release of sensory neuropeptides from terminals of nociceptive neurones.
Where tendons and ligaments meet bone: attachment sites (‘entheses’) in relation to exercise and/or mechanical load (2006)

Entheses (insertion sites, osteotendinous junctions, osteoligamentous junctions) are sites of stress concentration at the region where tendons and ligaments attach to bone. Consequently, they are commonly subject to overuse injuries (enthesopathies) that are well documented in a number of sports. In this review, we focus on the structure-function correlations of entheses on both the hard and the soft tissue sides of the junction. Particular attention is paid to mechanical factors that influence form and function and thus to exploring the relationship between entheses and exercise. The molecular parameters indicative of adaptation to mechanical stress are evaluated, and the basis on which entheses are classified is explained. The application of the 'enthesis organ' concept (a collection of tissues adjacent to the enthesis itself, which jointly serve the common function of stress dissipation) to understanding enthesopathies is considered and novel roles of adipose tissue at entheses are reviewed. A distinction is made between different locations of fat at entheses, and possible functions include space-filling and proprioception. The basic anchorage role of entheses is considered in detail and comparisons are explored between entheses and other biological 'anchorage' sites. The ability of entheses for self-repair is emphasized and a range of enthesopathies common in sport are reviewed (e.g. tennis elbow, golfer's elbow, jumper's knee, plantar fasciitis and Achilles insertional tendinopathies). Attention is drawn to the degenerative, rather than inflammatory, nature of most enthesopathies in sport. The biomechanical factors contributing to the development of enthesopathies are reviewed and the importance of considering the muscle-tendon-bone unit as a whole is recognized. Bony spur formation is assessed in relation to other changes at entheses which parallel those in osteoarthritic synovial joints.
Intracellular routing of wild-type and mutated polymeric immunoglobulin receptor in hippocampal neurons in culture. (1995)

Certain epithelial cells synthesize the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) to transport immunoglobulins (Igs) A and M into external secretions. In polarized epithelia, newly synthesized receptor is first delivered to the basolateral plasma membrane and is then, after binding the Ig, transcytosed to the apical plasma membrane, where the receptor-ligand complex is released by proteolytic cleavage. In a previous work (Ikonen et al., 1993), we implied the existence of a dendro-axonal transcytotic pathway for the rabbit pIgR expressed in hippocampal neurons via the Semliki Forest Virus (SFV) expression system. By labeling surface-exposed pIgR in live neuronal cells, we now show (a) internalization of the receptor from the dendritic plasma membrane to the dendritic early endosomes, (b) redistribution of the receptor from the dendritic to the axonal domain, (c) inhibition of this movement by brefeldin A (BFA) and (d) stimulation by the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) via phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In addition, we show that a mutant form of the receptor lacking the epithelial basolateral sorting signal is directly delivered to the axonal domain of hippocampal neurons. Although this mutant is internalized into early endosomes, no transcytosis to the dendrites could be observed. In epithelial Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, the mutant receptor could also be internalized into basolaterally derived early endosomes. These results suggest the existence of a dendro-axonal transcytotic pathway in neuronal cells which shares similarities with the basolateral to apical transcytosis in epithelial cells and constitute the basis for the future analysis of its physiological role.
Hydrolysis and Phytotoxic Activity of Cyclic Imides (1991)

Journal Article Hydrolysis and Phytotoxic Activity of Cyclic Imides Get access Yukiharu Sato, Yukiharu Sato Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takashi Kojima, Takashi Kojima Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Toshiyuki Goto, Toshiyuki Goto Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Reiko Oomikawa, Reiko Oomikawa Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hiroyuki Watanabe, Hiroyuki Watanabe Research Center, Mitsubishi Kasei Corp., Midori-ku, Yokohama 227, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ko Wakabayashi Ko Wakabayashi Faculty of Agriculture, Tamagawa University, Machida-shi, Tokyo 194, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 55, Issue 11, 1 November 1991, Pages 2677–2681, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1991.10857907 Published: 01 November 1991 Article history Received: 27 December 1990 Published: 01 November 1991
Mechanisms of Steroid Oxidation by Microorganisms (1966)

Exposure of estrone to Nocardia sp. (E 110) resulted in the formation of three degradative products. These have been characterized as 3aα-H-4α-[3'-propanoic acid]-5β-[2-ketopropyl]-7aβ-methyl-1-indanone (Ia), 3aα-H-4α-[3'-propanoic acid]-5β-[4'-but-3-enoic acid]-7aβ-methyl-1-indanone (IIa), and 2-carboxy-7aβ-methyl-7-keto-9aα-H-indano-[5,4f]-5aα,10,10aβ,11-tetrahydroquinoline (IIIa). A plausible mechanism for their formation from estrone is presented.
Improved Sample Preparation to Determine Acrylamide in Difficult Matrixes Such as Chocolate Powder, Cocoa, and Coffee by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (2004)

An improved sample preparation (extraction and cleanup) is presented that enables the quantification of low levels of acrylamide in difficult matrixes, including soluble chocolate powder, cocoa, coffee, and coffee surrogate. Final analysis is done by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using d3-acrylamide as internal standard. Sample pretreatment essentially encompasses (a) protein precipitation with Carrez I and II solutions, (b) extraction of the analyte into ethyl acetate, and (c) solid-phase extraction on a Multimode cartridge. The stability of acrylamide in final extracts and in certain commercial foods and beverages is also reported. This approach provided good performance in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision. Full validation was conducted in soluble chocolate powder, achieving a decision limit (CCalpha) and detection capability (CCbeta) of 9.2 and 12.5 microg/kg, respectively. The method was extended to the analysis of acrylamide in various foodstuffs such as mashed potatoes, crisp bread, and butter biscuit and cookies. Furthermore, the accuracy of the method is demonstrated by the results obtained in three inter-laboratory proficiency tests.
A Comparison Between Low Molecular Weight Heparin (KABI 2165) and Standard Heparin in the Intravenous Treatment of Deep Venous Thrombosis (1985)

In order to study whether a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) of mw 4000 D is effective in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT), patients with DVT verified by phlebography were randomized to treatment by continuous intravenous infusion of either unfractionated heparin (UFH) or LMWH. The initial dose was 240 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h. This study (study I) was stopped because of major bleeding in 2 newly operated patients in the LMWH group after 27 patients had been treated. The heparin activity measured as F Xa inhibition assayed in retrospect, was found to be much higher in the LMWH group (mean 1.6-2.0 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (mean 0.5-0.8 anti F Xa U/ml). A second study was therefore initiated in which the DVT patients were randomly given UFH (240 U/kg/12 h) or LMWH only 120 U (anti F Xa)/kg/12 h, as initial doses (study II). In this study 27 patients could be evaluated, the mean heparin activity still being higher in the LMWH group (0.9-1.2 anti F Xa U/ml) than in the UFH group (0.5-0.7 anti F Xa U/ml). A second phlebographic investigation showed progression of thrombus size in 3 (11%) of the UFH patients of studies I and II (n = 29) and improvement in 14 (48%). There was no progression in any LMWH patient, 6 (50%) had improved in study I and 10 (77%) in study II. The mean decrease of thrombus size score (according to Marder) during treatment did not differ between the 3 groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reconfigurable RRAM for LUT logic mapping: A case study for reliability enhancement (2012)

Emerging hybrid-CMOS nanoscale devices and architectures offer greater degree of integration and performance capabilities. However, the high power densities, hard error/soft error frequency, process variations, and device wearout affect the overall system reliability. Reactive design techniques, such as redundancy, account for component failures by detecting and correcting the system failures. These techniques incur high area and power overhead. Our research focuses on enhancing the system reliability in hybrid CMOS/Resistive RAM (RRAM) architectures by performing computation in RRAM, whenever the CMOS logic units fail. In particular, we propose dynamically reconfiguring the RRAM cache by mapping the failed CMOS units as look up table (LUT) logic blocks in the RRAM. The proposed approach is validated on a 45nm single core processor with three levels of cache for various SPEC2006 benchmarks. Our results demonstrate that the core is fully functional when failed units are reconfigured in RRAM. Performance degradation of up to one order of magnitude and energy increase of up to two orders of magnitude is observed.
Technology advances needed for photovoltaics to achieve widespread grid price parity (2016)

Abstract To quantify the potential value of technological advances to the photovoltaics (PV) sector, this paper examines the impact of changes to key PV module and system parameters on the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). The parameters selected include module manufacturing cost, efficiency, degradation rate, and service lifetime. NREL's System Advisor Model (SAM) is used to calculate the lifecycle cost per kilowatt‐hour (kWh) for residential, commercial, and utility scale PV systems within the contiguous United States, with a focus on utility scale. Different technological pathways are illustrated that may achieve the Department of Energy's SunShot goal of PV electricity that is at grid price parity with conventional electricity sources. In addition, the impacts on the 2015 baseline LCOE due to changes to each parameter are shown. These results may be used to identify research directions with the greatest potential to impact the cost of PV electricity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopy of jet-cooled ions and radicals (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSpectroscopy of jet-cooled ions and radicalsPaul C. EngelkingCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 3, 399–414Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00003a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00003a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hurricane — 1952 (2006)

Cross Roads, the American test at Bikini Atoll in the Pacific in 1946, was a gigantic scientific experiment some 5,000 miles from the US mainland: 150 aircraft and over 200 ships had been employed, and 42,000 men had taken part. It was difficult to carry out these complex operations at a great distance; Hurricane was such an operation, but British resources were scanty and plans modest. Dr L. C. Tyte, the technical director of Hurricane, and his small planning group in HER2 at Fort Halstead, Kent (the main atomic weapons establishment before the Aldermaston site was developed) estimated the manpower requirements at 245 scientists and scientific assistants and 100 industrials, but the number of scientists who eventually carried out the trial was only 100.
Magic Mirror System with Hand-held and Wearable Augmentations (2007)

A magic mirror paradigm is an augmented reality (AR) system where a camera and display device act as a mirror where one can see a reflection of oneself and virtual objects together. Fiducial markers mounted on a number of hand held and wearable objects allow them to be recognized by computer vision, different virtual objects can be rendered relative to the objects depending on the chosen theme. The experience can be enjoyed by many onlookers without special equipment, unlike other AR experiences such as with HMD's or tablet PC's. A series of theoretical and practical problems were overcome to produce a working system suitable for educational and entertainment for the public
The structure of 2‐carboxyphenyl methyl selenoxide, its sodium salt and related compounds in solution, studied by <sup>1</sup>H, <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>77</sup>Se NMR (1982)

Abstract 1 H, 13 C and 77 Se NMR spectra of 2‐carboxyphenyl methyl selenoxides, 2‐carboxyphenyl phenyl selenoxides, their sodium salts and related compounds have been measured to determine their structures in solution. The 77 Se NMR chemical shifts and the J ( 77 Se, 13 C) values were found to be particularly useful in distinguishing between selenuranes and selenoxides. The downfield shifts of 286‐536 and 587‐667 ppm from selenoanisoles are characteristic of the corresponding selenuranes and selenoxides, respectively. The couplings were 61‐65 and 77‐81 Hz for the selenuranes and selenoxides, respectively. The effects of salt formation on the NMR parameters are also discussed. The results show that the carboxylic acids have the cyclic selenurane structure, whereas the salts are acyclic selenoxides.
BINARY AND TERNARY SYSTEMS OF THE NITRATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS. (1915)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBINARY AND TERNARY SYSTEMS OF THE NITRATES OF THE ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS.William D. Harkins and George L. ClarkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1915, 37, 8, 1816–1828Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1915Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1915https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02173a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02173a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views90Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reliability design of CNC system (2011)

Through practical work and theory study of domestic CNC system, it can be found that the reliability of CNC system is still low, the main reason is that depth study of CNC system reliability at design stage is not implemented. Design is the main reason of CNC system failure. Using reliability design measure in design stage of CNC system can decrease failure fundamentally. CNC system reliability design includes reliability design assessment, reliability design principle, reliability design checklist. Using above measures, the reliability of CNC system can be improved effective.
Over-redundant digit sets and the design of digit-by-digit division units (1994)

Over-redundant digit sets are defined as those ranging from /spl minus/s to +s, with s/spl ges/B, B being the radix. This paper presents new techniques for the direct computation of division, that use an over-redundant digit set for representing the quotient, instead of simply redundant ones used previously. In particular, general criteria for synthesizing the digit selection rules and remainder updating are given for any radix and index of redundancy. A methodology combining the use of over-redundant digit sets with the prescaling of the divisor is also studied in order to achieve radix-B division units with trivial digit selection functions. It is also shown, for the specific case of radix-4 that using a prescaling slightly wider than in a radix-4 unit by M.D. Ercegovac and T. Lang (1990) possible to avoid the digit selection table. The paper also presents a modified algorithm for on-the-fly conversion of the result into the irredundant form. The proposed methodology can be considered as an alternative to existing division techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Safe Preparation and Administration of Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections (2011)

Three clusters of endophthalmitis after intraocular injection of bevacizumab underscore the importance of sterile compounding by pharmacists.