gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral <i>Ansa</i> Metallocenes with Cp Ring-Fused to Thiophenes and Pyrroles:  Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Isotactic Polypropylene Catalysts (2001)

Syntheses, crystal structures, and polymerization data for new isospecific metallocenes (heterocenes) having cyclopentenyl ligands b-fused to substituted thiophenes (Tp) and pyrroles (Pyr) are reported. The C2- and C1-symmetric heterocenes are dimethylsilyl bridged, have methyl groups adjacent to the bridgehead carbon atoms, and have aryl substituents protruding in the front. rac-Me2Si(2,5-Me2-3-Ph-6-Cp[b]Tp)2ZrCl2/MAO (MAO = methyl alumoxanes) is the most active metallocene catalyst for polypropylene reported to date. rac-Me2Si(2,5-Me2-3-Ph-6-Cp[b]Tp)2ZrCl2 and rac-Me2Si(2,5-Me2-1-Ph-4-Cp[b]Pyr)2ZrCl2 have the same structure, and the former is 6 times more active, produces half the total enantiofacial errors, and is 3.5 times less regiospecific in propylene polymerizations at the same conditions. rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-1-Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO is 3.5 times lower in activity than rac-Me2Si(2,5-Me2-3-Ph-6-Cp[b]Tp)2ZrCl2 catalyst, and while the former is the more stereospecific and the less regiospecific, the sum of these two enantioface errors is the same for both species. Fine-tuning the heterocene sterics by changing selected hydrogen atoms on the ligands to methyl groups influenced their catalyst activities, stereospecificites, regiospecificites, and isotactic polypropylene (IPP) Mw. Thus, both substituting a hydrogen atom adjacent to the phenyl ring with a methyl group on an azapentalenyl ligand system and replacing one and then two hydrogens on the phenyl ring with methyls on thiopentalenyl ligands provided increased polymer Tm and Mw with increasing ligand bulk. Polymer molecular weights are sensitive to and inversely proportional to MAO concentration, and the catalyst activities increase when hydrogen is added for molecular weight control. The polymer Tm values with the thiopentalenyls as TIBAL/[Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] systems were higher than with MAO as catalyst activator. A racemic C1, pseudo-meso complex with a hybrid dimethylsilyl-bridged 2-Me-4-Ph-1-Ind/2,5-Me2-4-Ph-1-Cp[b]Pyr ligand produced the first sample of IPP with all the steric pentad intensities fitting the enantiomorphic site control model. Speculative mechanistic considerations are offered regarding electronic effects of the heteroatoms and steric effects of the ligand structures, the preferred phenyl torsion angles, and anion effects.
A Preliminary Study of Pulsed Streamer Corona Discharge for the Degradation of Phenol in Aqueous Solutions (1993)

Pulsed corona discharges are shown in this investigation to be effective at breaking down phenol in aqueous solutions in an isothermal batch reactor and in a semi-batch reactor with the continuous addition of oxygen. In the experiments where no oxygen was bubbled through the reactor the phenol breakdown was independent of pH, thus indicating significant hydroxyl radical formation directly from the corona discharge. The addition of iron was found to significantly enhance phenol degradation; this may be due to Fenton's reaction arising from hydrogen peroxide formed directly by the corona discharge. In experiments where oxygen was fed to the reactor, it appeared that two simultaneous reaction pathways contributed to phenol degradation. The first pathway consisted of corona-induced aqueous phase reactions. The second pathway arose from ozone production in the gas phase with subsequent mass transfer into the liquid phase followed by liquid phase ozone reactions. The presence of phosphate and borate buffers decreased the rate and magnitude of phenol breakdown at low and high pH, respectively, due to radical quenching.
Targeted Deletions of Cyclooxygenase-2 and Atherogenesis in Mice (2010)

Macrophage-COX-2, primarily a source of thromboxane A(2) and prostaglandin (PG)E(2), promotes atherogenesis and exerts a restraint on enzyme expression by lesional cells suggestive of vascular smooth muscle cells, a prominent source of atheroprotective prostacyclin. TC COX-2 does not detectably influence TC development or function or atherogenesis in mice.
Meeting report of the 8th International Conference on cGMP “cGMP: generators, effectors, and therapeutic implications” at Bamberg, Germany, from June 23 to 25, 2017 (2017)

Although the Nobel Prize for the discovery of nitric oxide (NO) dates back almost 20 years now, the knowledge about cGMP signaling is still constantly increasing. It looks even so that our understanding of the role of the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC) in health and disease is in many aspects at the beginning and far from being understood. This holds even true for the therapeutic impact of innovative drugs acting on both the NO/sGC and the pGC pathways. Since cGMP, as second messenger, is involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases within the cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, and endocrine systems and also plays a role in neuronal, sensory, and tumor processes, drug applications might be quite broad. On the 8th International Conference on cGMP, held in Bamberg, Germany, world leading experts came together to discuss these topics. All aspects of cGMP research from the basic understanding of cGMP signaling to clinical applicability were discussed in depth. In addition, present and future therapeutic applications of cGMP-modulating pharmacotherapy were presented ( http://www.cyclicgmp.net/index.html ).
Smoking and Parkinson’s disease in twins (2002)

Within twin pairs, risk of PD is inversely correlated with the dose (in pack-years) of cigarette smoking. This effect is most pronounced in MZ twins, despite the high correlation for smoking. Because MZ twins are genetically identical and are similar behaviorally, this difference is unlikely to result from either genetic factors or environmental confounders. These results are compatible with a true biologic protective effect of cigarette smoking.
Down‐Regulation of Th1 Type of Response in Early Human American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (1999)

This study examined the T cell responses in the early phase of Leishmania braziliensis infection. Cytokine profiles, lymphoproliferative responses, and skin test results in 25 patients with early cutaneous leishmaniasis (ECL; illness duration <60 days) were compared with those in persons with late cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL; illness duration >2 months). Absent or low lymphoproliferative responses were observed in 8 (32%) of 25 patients and an absence of interferon (IFN)-gamma production in 9 (41%) of 22 patients prior to therapy. IFN-gamma production in ECL (mean +/- SD) was lower than in LCL (293+/-346 vs. 747+/-377 pg/mL, respectively; P<.01). In contrast, interleukin (IL)-10 production in ECL (mean +/- SD) was higher than in LCL (246+/-56 vs. 50+/-41 pg/mL, respectively; P<.01). Restoration of lymphoproliferative responses and IFN-gamma production was achieved when monoclonal antibody to IL-10 or IL-12 was added to the cultures. These results show that T cell responses during early-phase infection are down-regulated by IL-10 and may facilitate parasite multiplication.
Aerobic Thermophilic Waste Sludge Treatment (1992)

The expansion in both industrial and municipal wastewater treatment in recent years has resulted in a major increase in the quantities of by-product sludge produced and has exacerbated problems of waste sludge treatment and/or disposal. The traditional method for waste sewage sludge treatment is anaerobic mesophilic digestion for sludges that are to be disposed of on agricultural land. Other disposal methods for untreated sludges include incineration, an option receiving increased interest, and ocean dumping, an option that is environmentally incompatable and used much less frequently today compared with 10 years ago. Sewage sludge can be considered to be a resource as far as its mineral nutrient composition is concerned. However, this resource cannot be exploited in agriculture because sludges are inevitably contaminated with noxious chemicals that partition into the sludge during either primary or secondary wastewater treatment. In the case sewage sludge, pathogenic and potentially pathogenic organisms are also present unless such contaminants are removed during treatment. Traditional mesophilic treatment under anaerobic conditions does not remove either noxious chemicals such as detergent residues or pathogenic organisms to a satisfactory degree. During the past decade, autothermal aerobic thermophilic pretreatment processes have been introduced as a complementary sludge treatment stage. Such aerobic pretreatment processes allow both the biodegradation of chemicals that are recalcitrant to anaerobic treatment and the thermal inactivation of pathogenic organisms. However, their introduction as a total treatment process for sludges is inhibited by their relatively poor conversion efficiencies as far as mineralization is concerned. In this contribution the biodegradation bacteria under aerobic thermophilic conditions will be described and discussed and concepts for biomass yield coefficient reduction that could enhance aerobic thermophilic sludge treatment process effectiveness will be introduced.
Formation of cobalt silicide under a passivating film of molybdenum or tungsten (1991)

A very simple and reproducible cobalt silicide process with Mo/Co or W/Co bilayer metallization to overcome the oxidizing liability of Co annealed in a normal flowing-nitrogen furnace has been developed. Cobalt is deposited on blank and patterned silicon wafers in an electron-beam evaporation system followed by Mo (or W) deposition without breaking the vacuum. The cobalt silicidation is carried out using a two-step annealing process. The first annealing is performed at a temperature ranging from 400 to 600 °C, during which the role of the upper layer of Mo (or W) is to protect the underlying Co layer from being oxidized while not disturbing the cobalt’s silicidation process. Perfect selective etching of Mo (or W) can be accomplished by a NH4OH+H2O2+(2–3)H2O solution. The second annealing is performed at a higher temperature of 750 °C to completely transform the CoSi obtained in the first annealing into CoSi2 and induce grain growth of CoSi2, thus lowering the resistivity. X-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and sheet resistance measurement are used to characterize the silicide phase and microstructure.
Experimental Investigation on Liquid Infiltration Speed in Liquid Nanofoam (2016)

Liquid nanofoam (LN) as a novel material for energy absorption applications exhibits superior properties, including high energy absorption efficiency, ultra-fast energy dissipation, light weight and small size, over existing options. It is a liquid suspension of nanoporous particles, whose nanopore surface is non-wettable to the liquid molecules. Past studies on LN have focused on quasi-static responses, and the actual system performance under dynamic loadings has remained unclear. In this study, the mechanical behavior of two types of LN samples at various strain rates and the liquid flow speed in the nanopores have been experimentally investigated. The quasi-static behavior of LN is rigorously characterized by an Instron 5982 universal tester, from which we find that large amount of energy is dissipated into heat due to the effective excess solid-liquid interfacial tension, and confirm that the energy absorption efficiency of the LN is determined by the liquid infiltration pressure and the total deformability. The dynamic behavior of the LN is investigated by impacting it with a lab-customized drop tower apparatus at intermediate strain rates (around 102 s−1), from which the measured strain-stress curves are highly hysteretic. By comparing with the quasi-static sorption isotherm curve, we show that the liquid infiltration pressure as well as the total deformability of the LN sample in liquid marble form is not affected by the increased strain rate. This suggests that the dynamic behavior of LN can be characterized by quasi-static compressive tests. In the dynamic tests, the ultra-fast energy dissipation rate of LN indicates that the real liquid flow speed in nanopores is much higher than that predicted by the continuum theory. The flow speed can be directly measured from the strain rate by considering the total surface area of the nanoporous particles exposed to the liquid phase. The flow speed is related to the external remote pressure and the 3D porous structure of nanoporous particles. We have examined for the first time the dynamic behaviors of LN, and demonstrated the energy absorption capacity of LN can be activated at desired pressure range by virtue of the strain rate-independent liquid infiltration behavior. This is the first experimental approach to characterize the liquid flow speed in nano-environment. These findings provide strong evidence supporting the potential application of LNs to mitigate energy in blunt impact scenarios such as head to head and head to shoulder collisions in sports, traffic accidents and ballistic impact.
Different Effects of Gsα Splice Variants on β2-Adrenoreceptor-mediated Signaling (1998)

The beta2-adrenoreceptor (beta2AR) couples to the G-protein Gs to mediate adenylyl cyclase activation. The splice variants of Gsalpha differ by a 15-amino acid insert between the Ras-like domain and the alpha-helical domain. The long splice variant of Gsalpha (GsalphaL) binds GDP with lower affinity than the short splice variant (GsalphaS), but the impact of this difference on the interaction of Gsalpha with the beta2AR is not known. We studied the beta2AR/Gsalpha interaction using receptor/G-protein fusion proteins (beta2ARGsalphaS and beta2ARGsalphaL) expressed in Sf9 cells. Fusion of the beta2AR to Gsalpha promotes efficient coupling as shown by high-affinity agonist binding and GTPase and adenylyl cyclase activation and ensures fixed stoichiometry between receptor and G-protein. Importantly, fusion does not change the fundamental properties of the beta2AR or Gsalpha. The beta2AR in beta2ARGsalphaL showed hallmarks of constitutive activity (increased potency and intrinsic activity of partial agonists, increased efficacy of inverse agonists, and increased basal GTPase activity) compared with the beta2AR in beta2ARGsalphaS. The apparent constitutive activity of the beta2AR in beta2ARGsalphaL may be due to the lower GDP affinity of GsalphaL compared with GsalphaS, i.e. GsalphaL is more often nucleotide-free than GsalphaS and, therefore, more frequently available to stabilize the beta2AR in the active (R*) state. This study demonstrates that subtle structural differences between closely related G-protein alpha-subunits can have important consequences for the functional properties of a G-protein-coupled receptor.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance as a Disorder of Insulin Action (1988)

Impaired glucose tolerance often presages the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We have studied insulin action and secretion in 24 Pima Indians before and after the development of impaired glucose tolerance and in 254 other subjects representing the whole spectrum of glucose tolerance, including subjects with overt non-insulin-dependent diabetes. The transition from normal to impaired glucose tolerance was associated with a decrease in glucose uptake during hyperinsulinemia, from 0.018 to 0.016 mmol per minute (from 3.3 to 2.8 mg per kilogram of fat-free body mass per minute) (P less than 0.0003). Mean plasma insulin concentrations increased during an oral glucose-tolerance test, from 1200 to 1770 pmol per liter (from 167 to 247 microU per milliliter). In 151 subjects with normal glucose tolerance, the insulin concentration measured during an oral glucose-tolerance test correlated with the plasma glucose concentration (r = 0.48, P less than or equal to 0.0001). This relation was used to predict an insulin concentration of 1550 pmol per liter (216 microU per milliliter) in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (actual value, 1590 pmol per liter [222 microU per milliliter]; P not significant), suggesting that these subjects had normal secretion of insulin. In contrast, plasma insulin concentrations in the diabetics decreased as glucose concentrations increased (r = -0.75, P less than or equal to 0.0001), suggesting deficient secretion of insulin. This relative insulin deficiency first appears at the lower end of the second (diabetic) mode seen in population frequency distributions of plasma glucose concentrations. Our data show that impaired glucose tolerance in our study population is primarily due to impaired insulin action. In patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, by contrast, impaired insulin action and insulin secretory failure are both present.
Type A botulinum toxin disorganizes quantal acetylcholine release and inhibits energy metabolism. (1990)

The physiological, morphological and biochemical effects of type A Botulinum toxin (BoTX) were analysed in the electric organ of Torpedo, a modified neuromuscular system. The quantal content of the postsynaptic potential, or electroplaque potential (EPP), was reduced by BoTX but the quantum size remained unchanged till complete failure of the neurally evoked transmission. BoTX also suppressed the occurrence of spontaneous electroplaque potentials (MEPPs) of a quantal size but potentials of a smaller amplitude still kept on occurring in the intoxicated synapses. BoTX inhibited the evoked release of acetylcholine (ACh; biochemically measured) but the rate of spontaneous ACh release transiently increased during the period when evoked release went down. On the other hand, there were no significant change of ACh content, of ACh turnover, of ACh repartition in the vesicular and free compartments, or in the number of synaptic vesicles. Surprisingly, the amount of ATP was reduced to 50% in BoTX treated tissue at the time of transmission failure; also the level of creatine phosphate (CrP) was lowered to less than 20% and the rate of activity of creatine kinase was reduced. It was concluded that, electrophysiologically, BoTX affects synaptic transmission in a very similar way in the electric organ and in the neuromuscular junctions. On the other hand, the shortage of ATP supply found in the present study may play a role in the pathophysiology of intoxication and should be taken into account in investigations designed to see whether BoTX affects various phosphorylations in cholinergic nerve terminals.
Long intergenic non-coding RNA HOTAIRM1 regulates cell cycle progression during myeloid maturation in NB4 human promyelocytic leukemia cells (2014)

HOTAIRM1 is a long intergenic non-coding RNA encoded in the human HOXA gene cluster, with gene expression highly specific for maturing myeloid cells. Knockdown of HOTAIRM1 in the NB4 acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line retarded all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)-induced granulocytic differentiation, resulting in a significantly larger population of immature and proliferating cells that maintained cell cycle progression from G1 to S phases. Correspondingly, HOTAIRM1 knockdown resulted in retained expression of many otherwise ATRA-suppressed cell cycle and DNA replication genes, and abated ATRA induction of cell surface leukocyte activation, defense response, and other maturation-related genes. Resistance to ATRA-induced cell cycle arrest at the G1/S phase transition in knockdown cells was accompanied by retained expression of ITGA4 (CD49d) and decreased induction of ITGAX (CD11c). The coupling of cell cycle progression with temporal dynamics in the expression patterns of these integrin genes suggests a regulated switch to control the transit from the proliferative phase to granulocytic maturation. Furthermore, ITGAX was among a small number of genes showing perturbation in transcript levels upon HOTAIRM1 knockdown even without ATRA treatment, suggesting a direct pathway of regulation. These results indicate that HOTAIRM1 provides a regulatory link in myeloid maturation by modulating integrin-controlled cell cycle progression at the gene expression level.
Interaction between Sam68 and Src Family Tyrosine Kinases, Fyn and Lck, in T Cell Receptor Signaling (1997)

The Src family protein-tyrosine kinase, Fyn, is associated with the T cell receptor (TCR) and plays an important role in TCR-mediated signaling. We found that a human T cell leukemia virus type 1-infected T cell line, Hayai, overexpressed Fyn. To identify the molecules downstream of Fyn, we analyzed the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins in the cells. In Hayai, a 68-kDa protein was constitutively tyrosine-phosphorylated. The 68-kDa protein was coimmunoprecipitated with various signaling proteins such as phospholipase C gamma1, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase p85 subunit, Grb2, SHP-1, Cbl, and Jak3, implying that the protein might function as an adapter. Purification and microsequencing of this protein revealed that it was the RNA-binding protein, Sam68 (Src associated in mitosis, 68 kDa). Sam68 was associated with the Src homology 2 and 3 domains of Fyn and also those of another Src family kinase, Lck. CD3 cross-linking induced tyrosine phosphorylation of Sam68 in uninfected T cells. These data suggest that Sam68 participates in the signal transduction pathway downstream of TCR-coupled Src family kinases Fyn and Lck in lymphocytes, that is not only in the mitotic pathway downstream of c-Src in fibroblasts.
Low-power plasma torch method for the production of crystalline ceramic particles (2000)

A low power, atmospheric pressure, microwave plasma torch was used to make spherical alumina particles of controlled size and size distribution from irregularly shaped precursor powders.Detailed studies of the impact of operating parameters, particularly gas flow rates and applied power, showed that particle size changed in a predictable fashion.The most important factor in controlling particle size appears to be precursor particle density in the aerosol stream that enters the plasma hot zone.This and other facts suggest that particle collision rate is responsible for determining ultimate particle size.Reproducible volume average particle sizes ranging from 97 ~3 to 1150 ~3 were formed from precursor particles of order 14 pm3.Moreover, for the fmt time we report the creation of an atmospheric pressure low power air plasma (< 1 kW).
Reviews McLEANRUARI, Victorian book design & colour printing. London, Faber & Faber, 1963. Pp. xvi+182, 8 colour and 64 monochrome plates, 9 line illustrations. 8 × 5 in. 45 <i>s</i> . (1964)

Reviews Get access RUARI McLEAN, Victorian book design & colour printing. London, Faber & Faber, 1963. Pp. xvi+182, 8 colour and 64 monochrome plates, 9 line illustrations. 8 × 5 in. 45s. GILES BARBER GILES BARBER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume s5-XIX, Issue 1, 1964, Pages 322–324, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/s5-XIX.1.322 Published: 01 January 1964
A Multi-electrode Approach to Evaluating Inhibition of Underdeposit Corrosion in CO2 Environments (2009)

Abstract A multi-electrode array consisting of 24 carbon steel electrodes encased in epoxy has been used to evaluate inhibitors for control of underdeposit corrosion in the oil and gas industry. The electrode array enables examination of the effect of varying degrees of pre-corrosion during a single test and also statistical variation in electrode response. The array is mounted in a cup under sand (simulated field deposit) and coupled to an external carbon steel electrode in such a way that the galvanic corrosion current at each electrode can be monitored. The test method was demonstrated on two different inhibitors exposed to a simulated field brine under sweet (CO2) conditions. The adoption of the multi-electrode array highlighted the importance of statistical variations in determining the worst-case corrosion rate, which might otherwise not be identified in conventional tests.