gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐targeting <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> improves cyclophosphamide chemotherapy at maximum tolerated dose and low‐dose metronomic regimens in a murine melanoma model (2007)

Chemotherapy for cancer is partly limited by the inability of drugs to act on poorly vascularized or avascularized areas of tumors. Tumor-targeting bacteria are capable of preferentially replicating in these poorly perfused regions. Some strains have been combined with chemotherapeutic agents and the results have been promising. However, no systematic work has been carried out to test the effect of bacteria on clinical modes of chemotherapy, such as standard maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and novel low-dose metronomic (LDM) chemotherapy. Here Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009 was combined with cyclophosphamide (CTX) at both MTD and LDM schedules in a murine melanoma model. The results showed that VNP20009 significantly improved the effects of all forms of CTX treatments. The combination of VNP20009 and CTX led to a more significant decrease in tumor microvessel density and serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) level, compared with either treatment alone. Furthermore, combination therapy remarkably increased the number of bacteria within tumors when compared with bacteria treatment alone. These findings suggest that tumor-targeting bacteria, in conjunction with CTX at standard MTD and LDM regimens, might be of clinical value for the treatment of melanoma.
Synthesis and characteristics of new quaternary Ti–Mo–Si–N coatings by a hybrid coating system (2008)

Ternary Ti–Mo–N and new quaternary Ti–Mo–Si–N coatings were synthesized on substrates (AISI D2) and Si wafers by a hybrid coating system of an arc-ion plating technique using a Ti target and a dc magnetron sputtering technique using Mo and Si targets in N2∕Ar gaseous mixture. The ternary Ti–Mo–N coatings were substitutional solid solutions of (Ti,Mo)N and showed maximum hardness of about 30GPa at a Mo content of ∼10at.%. With the addition of Si, the Ti–Mo–Si–N coating transformed into a nanocomposite consisting of fine (Ti,Mo)N crystallites and an amorphous Si3N4 phase. The hardness of the Ti–Mo–Si(8.8at.%)–N coatings significantly increased to ∼48GPa due to the microstructural change to the nanocomposite containing finer (Ti,Mo)N crystallites by the grain-size refinement effect of Si addition. The averaged friction coefficient of the Ti–Mo–Si–N coatings gradually decreased by increasing the Si content in the Ti–Mo–N coating. The microstructures of Ti–Mo–Si–N coatings were investigated with instrumental analyses of x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. In this work, the authors also investigated the effects of substrate bias voltage during deposition on the microstructure and mechanical property of Ti–Mo–Si–N coatings.
Not just for errors: Codes for fast and secure flash storage (2010)

Error-correcting codes are normally employed in storage devices to guarantee the integrity of data in the presence of errors. This paper presents two schemes where error-correcting codes are used for entirely different purposes. In the first part of the paper, a new coding paradigm is proposed to improve the write performance of multi-level flash devices. By slightly relaxing the accuracy of cell programming, significant speed-up can be achieved. The resulting write inaccuracies are then corrected by codes that are tailored for the appropriately restricted error model. In the second part, new low-complexity codes are proposed to protect the security of sensitive data in the presence of imperfect physical erasure processes. Codes that have optimal encoding and decoding complexities are constructed to allow fast storing and retrieval of secret data, and guarantee unconditional security of data against an adversary with access to parts of the secret that failed to erase.
The Ryk Receptor Is Expressed in Glial and Fibronectin-Expressing Cells after Spinal Cord Injury (2013)

Wnt proteins play a critical role in central nervous system development and have been implicated in several neuropathologies, including spinal cord injury (SCI). Ryk, an unconventional Wnt receptor, regulates axonal regeneration after SCI, although its expression pattern in this neuropathology remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to define the spatiotemporal and cellular pattern of Ryk expression after a contusive SCI in adult rats using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical analysis. Under physiological conditions, Ryk is expressed in neurons, astrocytes, and blood vessels, but not in oligodendrocytes, microglia, NG2+ glial precursor cells, or axonal projections. Following SCI, we observed an increase in Ryk mRNA expression from 24 h post-injury until 7 days post-injury, whereas its protein levels were significantly augmented at 7 and 14 days post-injury. Moreover, the spatial and cellular Ryk expression pattern was altered in the damaged tissue, where this receptor was observed in reactive astrocytes and microglia/macrophages, NG2+ glial precursors, fibronectin+ cells, oligodendrocytes, and axons. In conclusion, we demonstrate that Ryk is expressed in the unlesioned spinal cord and that, after SCI, its spatiotemporal and cellular expression pattern changed dramatically, being expressed in cells involved in the spinal cord response to damage.
Biphenylbenzoates: Synthesis and Thermodynamic Properties (1979)

Abstract Two homologous series of twelve compounds each of biphenylbenzoates have been synthesised and their mesomorphic properties characterised. Heats of transition for both series of compounds have also been measured using differential scanning calorimetry. In the biphenyl 4-p-n-alkoxybenzoate series the first few members are monotropic nematic and the higher ones exhibit enantiotropic nematic as well as smectic phases, whereas in the biphenyl 4-p-n-alkyl benzoate series only the monotropic nematic phase is observed. In both series of compounds the plot of the nematic-isotropic transition temperature against the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain exhibit smooth curve relationships.
Ordinary and Activated Bone Grafts: Applied Classification and the Main Features (2015)

Bone grafts are medical devices that are in high demand in clinical practice for substitution of bone defects and recovery of atrophic bone regions. Based on the analysis of the modern groups of bone grafts, the particularities of their composition, the mechanisms of their biological effects, and their therapeutic indications, applicable classification was proposed that separates the bone substitutes into "ordinary" and "activated." The main differential criterion is the presence of biologically active components in the material that are standardized by qualitative and quantitative parameters: growth factors, cells, or gene constructions encoding growth factors. The pronounced osteoinductive and (or) osteogenic properties of activated osteoplastic materials allow drawing upon their efficacy in the substitution of large bone defects.
Ionic Radius of  (  CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C  −  and Applicability of Stokes Law to Its Propylene Carbonate Solution (1996)

The ionic radius of was calculated to be 0.375 nm from its van der Waals volume, which was obtained by molecular mechanics calculations with the aid of its crystallogaphic data. This radius was correlated with its single ion limiting molar conductivity in propylene carbonate at 25°C, and it was proven that this anion also nearly follows the behavior of perfect slip in Stokes law, as is observed for other popular anions for lithium battery applications.
Monomeric, monovalent derivative of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin. Preparation and application to the study of cell surface glycoconjugates by flow cytometry (1993)

A stable subunit of Maackia amurensis leukoagglutinin (MMAL) was prepared by the selective reduction of disulfide bridges between the subunits followed by alkylation with 4-vinylpyridine. MMAL failed to precipitate fetuin, whereas it retained its ability to bind to the same glycoprotein coated on a plastic plate, indicating the monovalency of this derivative. This binding to immobilized fetuin was inhibited by a haptenic sugar, Neu5Ac alpha 2-3lactose, with the same inhibitory potency as against the native M. amurensis leukoagglutinin. Microscopic observation as well as flow cytometric analyses showed that Chinese hamster ovary cells were clearly stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled MMAL without any detectable agglutination. This staining was inhibited by the addition of fetuin or by the sugar chains of fetuin. Differences in the types of sialylated glycoconjugates on the cell surface of several cell lines were detected by the combined use of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled MMAL and the monomeric derivative of elderberry bark lectin (specific for the Neu5Ac alpha 2-6Gal/GalNAc sequence) by flow cytometry. These results demonstrate the usefulness of these monovalent derivatives of sialylated oligosaccharide-specific lectins as probes for the analysis of cell surface glycoconjugates containing sialic acid by the technique of flow cytometry.
Cell Cycle Control (2000)

Dr. Paul Nurse, 2001 Nobel prize winner in medicine and President, The Rockefeller University, presented a lecture at 11:00 AM, Wednesday, September 8, 2010 in the Marcus Nanotechnology building, Room 1116.
Tiwi today : a study of language change in a contact situation (1983)

This thesis is a study of the changes which have taken place in the Tiwi language of Bathurst and Melville Islands. These changes, apparent in the speech of young people and children, are due mainly to language and/or culture contact. Chapter 1 gives an overview of the general historical background and the present situation , with particular reference to the school system. This is followed by a discussion of the present language situation in terms of the verbal repertoire of the Tiwi speech community. The characteristics of the "languages" used are briefly dis­cussed. In Chapters 2 to 6, two varieties of Tiwi are compared and the changes considered. These varieties are: Traditional Tiwi (TT), spoken by older people, and Modern Tiwi (MT) , spoken by young people . Where relevant mention is also made of two sub-varieties: Less Traditional Tiwi, an "imperfectly learned " TT, and Children's Tiwi (CT), a developmental stage of MT. Chapter 2 gives a brief description of TT Phonology, the changes found in MT, the influence of English on MT phonology and a description of the overall MT phonology. Chapter 3 gives a description of the word classes of TT and MT and the changes within these classes. In Chapter 4 the changes in the verbal constructions are considered, comparing, in turn, the inflected verb in TT and MT (showing the loss of complexity) and the verbal complex (consisting of a free form verb and an inflected auxiliary which may be omitted in MT). It is the almost exclusive use of this latter type of construction, often with an English loan verb as the free form verb, which is the main defining characteristic of MT. Chapter 5 looks at the structures of phrases in both TT and MT. IV Chapter 6 is a description of the clauses and simple sentences giving a comparison of the different clause types and the clause constituents. In particular , the ways in which the nominal arguments of the verb are indi­cated in MT and TT are compared (i.e. the different syntactical devices used). These constitute the basic change in the structure of the language. In this chapter there is also a brief look at more complex sentences with subordinate clauses in the three varieties. Chapter 7 gives a summary of the changes and their interrelationship. In Chapter 8 language contact phenomena in general are considered and the different types found in the wider Australian scene briefly discussed. The Tiwi contact situation is considered and how the different language contact phenomena apply to it: with particular reference to bilingualism, language "death", pidginization and creolization. Because of the drastic changes in Tiwi, particularly in the verbal morphology (compared to changes found in a language which is simply being replaced by another) , it is believed that MT is not just an imperfectly learned version of the traditional language but is a new code, "creolized" Tiwi. Whether this new code lives or dies is still an open question.
Numerical Simulation of Landscape Evolution Models (2018)

This paper gives the complete numerical schemes implementing the main physical laws proposed in landscape evolution models (LEMs). These laws can be modeled by a system of three partial differential equations governing water runoff, stream incision, hill slope evolution and sedimentation. The goal of the presented algorithm, code and online demo is to be able to test these equations on digital elevation models (DEMs) of any resolution, and to illustrate its potential to simulate the fine structure of the river network, and to understand the landscape morphology and its causes. The equations simulate plausible evolutions. We illustrate experiments on DEMs of several sites, including one site, La Réunion where the DEM is given at three different resolutions: the SRTM resolution (90m), and then 12m and 4m on DEMs derived from several Pléiades pairs. Other many DEMs are proposed in the online demo, which allows to upload and tests other DEMs.
Altered Dopamine Release and Uptake Kinetics in Mice Lacking D<sub>2</sub>Receptors (2002)

Dysregulation of dopamine transmission is thought to contribute to schizophrenic psychosis and drug dependence. Dopamine release is regulated by D2 dopamine autoreceptors, and D2 receptor ligands are used to treat psychosis and addiction. To elucidate the long-term effects of D2 autoreceptor activity on dopamine signaling, dopamine overflow evoked by single or paired-pulse stimulation was compared in striatal slices from D2-null mutant and wild-type mice. Quinpirole, a D2/D3 receptor agonist, had no effect on evoked dopamine release in D2 mutant mice, indicating that D2 receptors are the only release-regulating receptors at the axon terminal. Dopamine release inhibition by GABA(B) receptor activation was unchanged in D2 mutant mice, suggesting that other G-protein-coupled pathways remained normal in the absence of D2 autoreceptors. Paired-pulse stimulation revealed that autoinhibition of dopamine release was maximal 500 msec after stimulation and lasted <5 sec. In D2-null mutants, dopamine overflow in response to single stimuli was severely decreased. Experiments with the uptake inhibitor nomifensine indicated that this was caused by enhanced dopamine uptake rather than reduced release. Analysis of dopamine overflow kinetics using a simulation model suggested that the enhanced uptake was caused by an increase in the maximal velocity of uptake, V(max). These results from D2-null mutant mice support the suggestion that D2 autoreceptors and dopamine transporters interact to regulate the amplitude and timing of dopamine signals.
Brabykinin B1 Receptor Antagonism Is Beneficial in Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2008)

Previously we have demonstrated that bradykinin B1 receptor deficient mice (B1KO) were protected against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury (IRI). Here, we aimed to analyze the effect of B1 antagonism on renal IRI and to study whether B1R knockout or antagonism could modulate the renal expression of pro and anti-inflammatory molecules. To this end, mice were subjected to 45 minutes ischemia and reperfused at 4, 24, 48 and 120 hours. Wild-type mice were treated intra-peritoneally with antagonists of either B1 (R-954, 200 microg/kg) or B2 receptor (HOE140, 200 microg/kg) 30 minutes prior to ischemia. Blood samples were collected to ascertain serum creatinine level, and kidneys were harvested for gene transcript analyses by real-time PCR. Herein, B1R antagonism (R-954) was able to decrease serum creatinine levels, whereas B2R antagonism had no effect. The protection seen under B1R deletion or antagonism was associated with an increased expression of GATA-3, IL-4 and IL-10 and a decreased T-bet and IL-1beta transcription. Moreover, treatment with R-954 resulted in lower MCP-1, and higher HO-1 expression. Our results demonstrated that bradykinin B1R antagonism is beneficial in renal IRI.
Vehicle speed detection system (2009)

This research intends to develop the vehicle speed detection system using image processing technique. Overall works are the software development of a system that requires a video scene, which consists of the following components: moving vehicle, starting reference point and ending reference point. The system is designed to detect the position of the moving vehicle in the scene and the position of the reference points and calculate the speed of each static image frame from the detected positions. The vehicle speed detection from a video frame system consists of six major components: 1) Image Acquisition, for collecting a series of single images from the video scene and storing them in the temporary storage. 2) Image Enhancement, to improve some characteristics of the single image in order to provide more accuracy and better future performance. 3) Image Segmentation, to perform the vehicle position detection using image differentiation. 4) Image Analysis, to analyze the position of the reference starting point and the reference ending point, using a threshold technique. 5) Speed Detection, to calculate the speed of each vehicle in the single image frame using the detection vehicle position and the reference point positions, and 6) Report, to convey the information to the end user as readable information. The experimentation has been made in order to assess three qualities: 1) Usability, to prove that the system can determine vehicle speed under the specific conditions laid out. 2) Performance, and 3) Effectiveness. The results show that the system works with highest performance at resolution 320×240. It takes around 70 seconds to detect a moving vehicle in a video scene.
The Drosophila meiotic recombination gene mei-9 encodes a homologue of the yeast excision repair protein Rad1. (1995)

Meiotic recombination and DNA repair are mediated by overlapping sets of genes. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, many genes required to repair DNA double-strand breaks are also required for meiotic recombination. In contrast, mutations in genes required for nucleotide excision repair (NER) have no detectable effects on meiotic recombination in S. cerevisiae. The Drosophila melanogaster mei-9 gene is unique among known recombination genes in that it is required for both meiotic recombination and NER. We have analyzed the mei-9 gene at the molecular level and found that it encodes a homologue of the S. cerevisiae excision repair protein Rad1, the probable homologue of mammalian XPF/ERCC4. Hence, the predominant process of meiotic recombination in Drosophila proceeds through a pathway that is at least partially distinct from that of S. cerevisiae, in that it requires an NER protein. The biochemical properties of the Rad1 protein allow us to explain the observation that mei-9 mutants suppress reciprocal exchange without suppressing the frequency of gene conversion.
The Structural Genes Encoding P450<sub>scc</sub>and P450<sub>arom</sub>Are Closely Linked on Mouse Chromosome 9* (1989)

The chromosomal location of the two genes that encode the cytochrome P450 enzymes, P450SCC (cholesterol side-chain cleavage) and P450arom (aromatase), was identified in the mouse. Genomic DNA from several progenitor strains of recombinant inbred (RI) strains of mice was tested with various restriction endonucleases for restriction fragment length variations. Variation in Bam HI fragment length was detected between A/J and C57BL/6J. Genomic DNA from 43 RI strains derived from A/J and C57BL/6J was analyzed in a similar manner. Complete concordance of the strain distribution pattern for P450SCC and that of P450arom was observed for 43 RI strains. The lack of recombination indicates that the structural genes encoding P450SCC and P450arom are closely linked. The strain distribution patterns of the P450SCC and P450arom genes were compared with other markers previously mapped in these RI lines. The results demonstrate that both P450SCC and P450arom are found on mouse chromosome 9. Of the other loci on mouse chromosome 9, P450SCC and P450arom are most closely linked to the gene encoding P1450. Among 31 RI strains for which the three loci were analyzed, only one example of discordance was found. Human P450SCC, P450arom and P1450 have been mapped to human chromosome 15. However, the distance between the human P450SCC gene and other loci has not been determined. The information presented in this report, along with other studies, indicate conservation between homologous human and mouse chromosomal regions and suggest that human P450SCC will be found to be closely linked with human P450arom.
The Effect of Nitrogen on Void Swelling of Stainless Steel (1982)

In this study, the objective is to clarify the effect of nitrogen on the swelling behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel by means of HVEM irradiation at 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Incubation dose was not very sensitive to nitrogen content. The swelling rate was considered by two terms, the void number density and void growth rate. The void number density increased and void growth rate decreased as the nitrogen content increased, with the result that the swelling rate decreased with nitrogen content. The effect of nitrogen became less at 600°C.
Advanced Control Architectures for Intelligent Microgrids—Part II: Power Quality, Energy Storage, and AC/DC Microgrids (2012)

This paper summarizes the main problems and solutions of power quality in microgrids, distributed-energy-storage systems, and ac/dc hybrid microgrids. First, the power quality enhancement of grid-interactive microgrids is presented. Then, the cooperative control for enhance voltage harmonics and unbalances in microgrids is reviewed. Afterward, the use of static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) in grid-connected microgrids is introduced in order to improve voltage sags/swells and unbalances. Finally, the coordinated control of distributed storage systems and ac/dc hybrid microgrids is explained.
ZnO nanofluids for the improved cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of doxorubicin (2018)

Objective(s): Combination anticancer therapy holds promise for improving the therapeutic efficacy of chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin (DOX) as well as decreasing their dose-limiting side effects. Overcoming the side effects of doxorubicin (DOX) is a major challenge to the effective treatment of cancer. Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are emerging as potent tools for a wide variety of biomedical applications. The aim of this study was to develop a combinatorial approach for enhancing the anticancer efficacy and cellular uptake of DOX. Materials and Methods: ZnO NPs were synthesized by the solvothermal method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). ZnO NPs were dispersed in 10% bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the cytotoxic effect of the resulting ZnO nanofluids was evaluated alone and in combination with DOX on DU145 cells. The influence of ZnO nanofluids on the cellular uptake of DOX and DOX-induced catalase mRNA expression were investigated by fluorescence microscopy and semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), respectively. Results: The MTT results revealed that ZnO nanofluids decreased the cell viability of DU145 cells in a timeand dose-dependent manner. Simultaneous combination treatment of DOX and ZnO nanofluid showed a significant increase in anticancer activity and the cellular uptake of DOX compared to DOX alone. Also, a time-dependent reduction of catalase mRNA expression was observed in the cells treated with ZnO nanofluids and DOX, alone and in combination with each other. Conclusion: These results indicate the role of ZnO nanofluid as a growth-inhibitory agent and a drug delivery system for DOX in DU145 cells. Thus, ZnO nanofluid could be a candidate for combination chemotherapy.