gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application research and reflection on promoting the quality of pathology teaching in traditional Chinese medicine colleges by using micro curriculum (2016)

Because of breaking through time and space limitations of classroom teaching, micro class has become a better choice for students' autonomous learning and lifelong learning. Complete system of micro class can maximize learning efficiency, and among the system, the content and presentation form are the key to attract the learners, and perfect evaluation system is an important guarantee for effective learning by using micro courses. Pathological micro curriculum should highlight the characteristics of the course, and the task of pathology is to introduce the students to clinical medicine based on correlative basic science. We should adopt the dapper micro video aggregation type to interpret the teaching key points and difficulties, and with the help of network teaching platform or micro platform, give the full play to the advantages of micro course. Whether in the traditional teaching, or in the curriculum integration, the reasonably designed micro curriculum will improve the teaching quality by collaborating with classroom teaching.


Key words: 
Micro-lecture; Pathology; Self-directed learning
Laquinimod: a promising oral medication for the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2011)

While laquinimod has been shown to have a promising safety profile, its mechanisms of action are not completely understood and further research is necessary to clarify this. Studies conducted in EAE, the mouse model of MS, have demonstrated immunomodulatory and neuroprotective mechanisms of action. Hopefully, the two current pivotal Phase III trials currently underway will shed some light on laquinimod confirming its clinical potential and add to the current armamentarium for the treatment of RRMS.
Activity Density Map Visualization and Dissimilarity Comparison for Eldercare Monitoring (2012)

In this paper, we present a methodology for analyzing passive infrared motion sensor data logged in the homes of seniors. The objective is to capture activity patterns that represent different health conditions. Recognizing changes in the activity patterns can then be used to provide early detection of health changes. A visualization of motion sensor data is introduced in the form of a density map that uses different colors to show varying levels of activity. For evaluating the activity density level accurately, time away from home is determined first using a system of fuzzy rules. In addition, a dissimilarity between two density maps is computed using texture features for automatically determining changes in activity patterns, which may indicate a health problem. The activity density maps are being used in an aging in place senior housing community to aid clinicians in early illness detection. Three case studies of elderly residents are included to illustrate how the density map and dissimilarity measure can be used to track general activity level and daily patterns over time, showing changes in physical, cognitive, and mental health.
Diffusion-Driven Looping Provides a Consistent Framework for Chromatin Organization (2010)

Chromatin folding inside the interphase nucleus of eukaryotic cells is done on multiple scales of length and time. Despite recent progress in understanding the folding motifs of chromatin, the higher-order structure still remains elusive. Various experimental studies reveal a tight connection between genome folding and function. Chromosomes fold into a confined subspace of the nucleus and form distinct territories. Chromatin looping seems to play a dominant role both in transcriptional regulation as well as in chromatin organization and has been assumed to be mediated by long-range interactions in many polymer models. However, it remains a crucial question which mechanisms are necessary to make two chromatin regions become co-located, i.e. have them in spatial proximity. We demonstrate that the formation of loops can be accomplished solely on the basis of diffusional motion. The probabilistic nature of temporary contacts mimics the effects of proteins, e.g. transcription factors, in the solvent. We establish testable quantitative predictions by deriving scale-independent measures for comparison to experimental data. In this Dynamic Loop (DL) model, the co-localization probability of distant elements is strongly increased compared to linear non-looping chains. The model correctly describes folding into a confined space as well as the experimentally observed cell-to-cell variation. Most importantly, at biological densities, model chromosomes occupy distinct territories showing less inter-chromosomal contacts than linear chains. Thus, dynamic diffusion-based looping, i.e. gene co-localization, provides a consistent framework for chromatin organization in eukaryotic interphase nuclei.
Fractionation of biological macromolecules using carrier phase ultrafiltration (2001)

This article discusses a novel mode of operation for ultrafiltration processes termed Carrier Phase Ultrafiltration (CPUF). CPUF is based on a modification of dead-end ultrafiltration. Macromolecular fractionation using ultrafiltration is strongly influenced by operating and physicochemical parameters and requires precise "fine-tuning." CPUF facilitates the fractionation of high value biological macromolecules at optimised conditions and has several advantages over conventional modes of ultrafiltration. In this article the fractionation of two model proteins, lysozyme (MW 14100) and myoglobin (MW 17000), by CPUF using 25-kDa MWCO polysulfone membrane is discussed. Fractionation was carried out using two different CPUF modes, 1) pulse input CPUF and 2) step input CPUF. A high recovery of pure product was obtained in each case. These results are compared with those obtained from "conventional" ultrafiltration experiments.
Trends in U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths (2018)

Letters4 September 2018Trends in U.S. Drug Overdose DeathsAmy Berrington de Gonzalez, DPhil, Neal D. Freedman, PhD, and Meredith S. Shiels, PhDAmy Berrington de Gonzalez, DPhilNational Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (A.B.D., N.D.F., M.S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, Neal D. Freedman, PhDNational Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (A.B.D., N.D.F., M.S.S.)Search for more papers by this author, and Meredith S. Shiels, PhDNational Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (A.B.D., N.D.F., M.S.S.)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/L18-0313 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail IN RESPONSE:We agree with Ms. Cox and colleagues about the critical need to study the drug overdose epidemic in the AI population. We previously showed that premature mortality rates are increasing more rapidly in AIs and Alaska Natives (ANs) than in NHW persons in the United States (1). Many causes of death contributed to these rising rates, but drug poisoning caused the largest increases.When death rates from 2011 to 2014 and 1999 to 2002 were compared, AIs and ANs had the largest increases in deaths from drug poisoning of all racial and ethnic groups. Death rates from drug ...References1. Shiels MS, Chernyavskiy P, Anderson WF, Best AF, Haozous EA, Hartge P, et al. Trends in premature mortality in the USA by sex, race, and ethnicity from 1999 to 2014: an analysis of death certificate data. Lancet. 2017;389:1043-54. [PMID: 28131493] doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30187-3 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. Abbasi J. Why are American Indians dying young? JAMA. 2018;319:109-11. [PMID: 29318275] doi:10.1001/jama.2017.10122 CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: National Cancer Institute, Rockville, Maryland (A.B.D., N.D.F., M.S.S.)Disclosures: Authors have disclosed no conflicts of interest. Forms can be viewed at www.acponline.org/authors/icmje/ConflictOfInterestForms.do?msNum=M17-1812. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoTrends in U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths in Non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Non-Hispanic White Persons, 2000–2015 Meredith S. Shiels , Neal D. Freedman , David Thomas , and Amy Berrington de Gonzalez Trends in U.S. Drug Overdose Deaths Mary E. Cox , Nicole Dzialowy , Lillie Armstrong , and Scott Proescholdbell Metrics 4 September 2018Volume 169, Issue 5Page: 356KeywordsAddictionConflicts of interestDeath ratesDisclosureDrugsHispanic people ePublished: 4 September 2018 Issue Published: 4 September 2018 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2018 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
High-frequency digital point-of-load converter using a 16 bits DSC. (2008)

This paper is focused on the design of a test-bank to develop high-frequency digital control laws for Point-of-Load converters. As a result, a high-frequency digital DC/DC converter prototype has been completed using a Freescale’s DSC as digital controller. During this exposition, we present the design guidelines to build this test-bank and how to adapt some state-of-the-art digital control laws for DC/DC converters working at high switching frequencies. Experimental results validate these digital control laws and the global converter behavior
Rapid Screening for 100 Basic Drugs and Metabolites in Urine Using Cation Exchange Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array Detection (1990)

A system involving the combination of cation exchange solid-phase extraction and gradient elution HPLC with diode array detection was developed for the isolation and identification of basic drugs in urine. At least 100 basic drugs commonly encountered in urinary drug screening and many popular illicit drugs could be identified. Detailed study of 30 of these compounds showed that in addition to the procedure's simplicity and convenience, recoveries were close to 100% in most cases. The method was compared with an existing liquid-liquid extraction/capillary gas chromatography procedure and was at least as effective for extracting and identifying basic drugs, and especially effective at extracting problematic compounds including morphine, benzoylecgonine, temazepam, and oxazepam. Additional advantages of solid-phase extraction technology include the elimination of time-consuming shaking and centrifugation steps, elimination of reusable glassware, and reduced sample-operator contact with potentially infectious samples.
Stable free radicals. V. Electron spin resonance studies of nitronylnitroxide radicals with asymmetric centers (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable free radicals. V. Electron spin resonance studies of nitronylnitroxide radicals with asymmetric centersRobert W. Kreilick, J. Becher, and Edwin F. UllmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 18, 5121–5124Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01046a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01046a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of non-macrophage cell-derived HMGB1 in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and its prevention by the thrombin/thrombomodulin system in rodents: negative impact of anticoagulants (2019)

Our data thus suggests a causative role of HMGB1 derived from non-macrophage cells in oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy and a thrombin-dependent anti-neuropathic activity of exogenous TMα and, most probably, endogenous TM.
The M2 Module of the Cys-His-rich Domain (CHRD) of PCSK9 Protein Is Needed for the Extracellular Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) Degradation Pathway (2012)

PCSK9 enhances the cellular degradation of the LDL receptor (LDLR), leading to increased plasma LDL cholesterol. This multidomain protein contains a prosegment, a catalytic domain, a hinge region, and a cysteine-histidine rich domain (CHRD) composed of three tightly packed modules named M1, M2, and M3. The CHRD is required for the activity of PCSK9, but the mechanism behind this remains obscure. To define the contribution of each module to the function of PCSK9, we dissected the CHRD structure. Six PCSK9 deletants were generated by mutagenesis, corresponding to the deletion of only one (ΔM1, ΔM2, ΔM3) or two (ΔM12, ΔM13, ΔM23) modules. Transfection of HEK293 cells showed that all deletants were well processed and expressed compared with the parent PCSK9 but that only those lacking the M2 module were secreted. HepG2 cells lacking endogenous PCSK9 (HepG2/shPCSK9) were used for the functional analysis of the extracellular or intracellular activity of PCSK9 and its deletants. To analyze the ability of the deletants to enhance the LDLR degradation by the intracellular pathway, cellular expressions revealed that only the ΔM2 deletant retains a comparable total LDLR-degrading activity to full-length PCSK9. To probe the extracellular pathway, HepG2/shPCSK9 cells were incubated with conditioned media from transfected HEK293 or HepG2/shPCSK9 cells, and cell surface LDLR levels were analyzed by FACS. The results showed no activity of any secreted deletant compared with PCSK9. Thus, although M2 is dispensable for secretion, its presence is required for the extracellular activity of PCSK9 on cell surface LDLR.
Research on Three-Phase Voltage-Source Selective Harmonic Elimination Inverter (2005)

In this paper, the selective harmonic elimination (SHE) technique is investigated to eliminate harmonic brought by PWM inverter. This technique involves the solutions of nonlinear, transcendental equations set representing the relation between the amplitude of fundamental wave and each order harmonic and the switching angles. Newton iteration method is usually applied to solve the equations set, but the convergence depends on the selection of initial value. By using a trial method, the rule is found for many initial values of three-phase voltage-source SHE inverter, thus many solutions of switching angles can be obtained. Numerical simulation is conducted to obtain the value of the switching angles in the specified amplitude of fundamental wave and tracks of switching angles changing with the amplitude of fundamental wave. According to the switching angles obtained, the value of each order harmonic and total harmonic distortion for i (THD <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> ) in the specified amplitude of fundamental wave and their tracks changing with the amplitude of fundamental wave are obtained. The variable voltage variable frequency (VVVF) of a three-phase voltage-source SHE inverter is also studied to lay a foundation for the design of the three-phase voltage-source SHE inverter. Experiment of the output waveforms of the three-phase voltage-source SHE inverter has been conducted to validate the correctness of the theory analysis
The detection of dangling references in C++ programs (1993)

The smart pointer is a programming technique for the C++ language that extends the functionality of the simple pointer. Smart pointers have previously been used to support persistence, distributed objects, reference counting, and garbage collection. This article will show how smart pointers can provide an inexpensive method for detecting dangling pointers to dynamic objects that can be added to any standard C++ implementation.
Exploring the Cost-Availability Tradeoff in P2P Storage Systems (2009)

P2P storage systems use replication to provide a certain level of availability. While the system must generate new replicas to replace replicas lost to permanent failures, it can save significant replication cost by not replicating following transient failures. However, in real systems, it is impossible to reliably distinguish permanent and transients failures, resulting in a tradeoff between high recovery cost and low data availability. In this paper, we analyze the use of timeouts as a mechanism to navigate this tradeoff. We address the challenging problem of how to choose a timeout to walk the fine line between causing unnecessary replication due to detection inaccuracy, and reducing availability due to detection delay. We conduct simulations based both on synthetic and real traces, and show that the performance of our selected timeout closely approximates the optimal performance that can be achieved by timeouts, and even that of an ¿oracle¿ failure detector.
Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases on Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus Growth in Bronchial Epithelial Cell (2008)

Background: Staphylococcus aureus frequently colonizes and infects hospitalized patients. Respiratory infections with Staphylococcus aureus are common in patients with compromised airway defenses. However the mechanisms of S. aureus invasion from colonization to the epithelium are unclear. Cell invasion by S. aureus would require destruction of the extracellular matrix, which is believed to be the result of increased matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) activity. Methods: In this study, respiratory epithelial cells were infected with S. aureus. After removing the extracellular bacteria by washing, the internalized bacteria in the cells were assessed by counting the colonized forming units (CFUs). The cell adhesion proteins, dysadherin and E-cadherin, were evaluated by Western blotting. The MMPs in the bacterial invasion were evaluated by pretreating the cells with GM6001, a MMP inhibitor. Results: The internalization of S. aureus was found to be both time and dose dependent, and the increase in MMP 2 and 9 activity was also dependent on the incubation time and the initial amount of bacterial inoculation. The invasion of S. aureus was attenuated by GM6001 after 12 hours incubation with a multiply of infection (MOI)=50. The expression of dysadherin, a membrane protein, was increased in a time and dose dependent manner, while the expression of E-cadherin was decreased. Conclusion:
Three-Dimensional Elastomeric Scaffolds Designed with Cardiac-Mimetic Structural and Mechanical Features (2012)

Tissue-engineered constructs, at the interface of material science, biology, engineering, and medicine, have the capacity to improve outcomes for cardiac patients by providing living cells and degradable biomaterials that can regenerate the native myocardium. With an ultimate goal of both delivering cells and providing mechanical support to the healing heart, we designed three-dimensional (3D) elastomeric scaffolds with (1) stiffnesses and anisotropy mimicking explanted myocardial specimens as predicted by finite-element (FE) modeling, (2) systematically varied combinations of rectangular pore pattern, pore aspect ratio, and strut width, and (3) structural features approaching tissue scale. Based on predicted mechanical properties, three scaffold designs were selected from eight candidates for fabrication from poly(glycerol sebacate) by micromolding from silicon wafers. Large 20×20 mm scaffolds with high aspect ratio features (5:1 strut height:strut width) were reproducibly cast, cured, and demolded at a relatively high throughput. Empirically measured mechanical properties demonstrated that scaffolds were cardiac mimetic and validated FE model predictions. Two-layered scaffolds providing fully interconnected pore networks were fabricated by layer-by-layer assembly. C2C12 myoblasts cultured on one-layered scaffolds exhibited specific patterns of cell elongation and interconnectivity that appeared to be guided by the scaffold pore pattern. Neonatal rat heart cells cultured on two-layered scaffolds for 1 week were contractile, both spontaneously and in response to electrical stimulation, and expressed sarcomeric α-actinin, a cardiac biomarker. This work not only demonstrated several scaffold designs that promoted functional assembly of rat heart cells, but also provided the foundation for further computational and empirical investigations of 3D elastomeric scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering.
Improved High‐Purity Arc‐Furnace Silicon for Solar Cells (1985)

Single‐crystal silicon solar cells having efficiencies within 1% of those prepared in semiconductor‐grade silicon have been fabricated in twice‐recrystallized, high purity metallurgical silicon. Produced in a 100 kW experimental arc furnace by carbothermic reduction of pure silica with pelletized carbon black, the best "solar‐grade" silicon contained 50–100 ppmw Al, 50–100 ppmw Fe, 10 ppmw Ti, 1.8 ppma B, and 2.1 ppma P. Following two Czochralski (Cz) recrystallizations, the metal impurity levels in the final ingot were indistinguishable from those in once Cz‐recrystallized semiconductor‐grade silicon, while the boron and phosphorus contents were 1.5 ppma and 0.6 ppma, respectively. The average efficiency of 4 cm2 test solar cells prepared in twice‐recrystallized "solar‐grade" materials was 13.7%, compared to 14.4% for semiconductor‐grade controls. The average efficiency of unencapsulated, production‐type 100 mm diam solar cells made in this material was 11.8%. Compared with earlier experiments, this represents a nearly 2% improvement in efficiency, which is attributed largely to the factor of two lower boron content in the starting silicon.
Highly Efficient Inorganic Transparent UV‐Protective Thin‐Film Coating by Low Temperature Sol‐Gel Procedure for Application on Heat‐Sensitive Substrates (2007)

Transparent inorganic UV-protective coatings are prepared by an epoxide-derived sol-gel route at low temperature. The obtained coatings show high transparency in visible range and highly efficient absorption in the whole UV range, which makes them ideal candidates for the protection against UV radiation.
Measuring mucosal blood supply in vivo with a polarization-gating probe (2008)

There has been significant interest in developing depth-selective optical interrogation of biological tissue in general and of superficial (e.g., mucosal) tissue in particular. We report an in vivo polarization-gating fiber-optic probe that obtains backscattering spectroscopic measurements from a range of near-surface depths (100-200 microm). The design and testing was performed with polarized light Monte Carlo simulations and in tissue model experiments. We used the probe to investigate mucosal changes in early carcinogenesis. Measurements performed in the colonic mucosa of 125 human subjects provide the first in vivo evidence that mucosal blood supply is increased early in carcinogenesis, not only in precancerous adenomatous lesions, but also in the histologically normal-appearing tissue surrounding these lesions. This effect was primarily limited to the mucosal microcirculation and was not present in the larger blood vessels located deeper in colonic tissue.