gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Aromatic Carboxylates. II.<sup>1</sup> The Henkel Reaction (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Aromatic Carboxylates. II.1 The Henkel ReactionEdward McNelisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 4, 1209–1213Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01015a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01015a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intratumoral Hemorrhage after a Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting Procedure (1981)

Ventriculoperitoneal shunting has been accepted as a safe and useful preliminary procedure that lowers the mortality and morbidity of definitive surgery for tumors causing obstructive hydrocephalus. We are reporting four patients with intratumoral hemorrhage as a complication of shunting. The hemorrhage was massive and fatal in two patients, one with an unverified pineal tumor and the other with a malignant astrocytoma of the thalamus. The hemorrhage was small and limited in the other two patients, one with a glioblastoma of the thalamus and the other with a cerebellar astrocytoma. On the basis of this experience, we conclude that the possibility of intratumoral hemorrhage should be taken into consideration when planning the preoperative management of obstructive hydrocephalus caused by brain tumors. It is possible that ventricular decompression may result in rapid motion and distortion of the intracranial structures and a sudden imbalance between intracranial and intratumoral pressures, leading to vascular insufficiency, congestion, and then hemorrhage within the tumor.
Functional image—guided surgery of intracranial tumors located in or near the sensorimotor cortex (1998)

Compared with conventional brain mapping techniques, fMR image-guided surgery may allow for smaller brain exposures, localization of the language cortex with the patient under general anesthesia, and the mapping of multiple functional sites. The scanning equipment used in this method may be more readily available than for other functional imaging techniques such as positron emission tomography or magnetoencephalography.
The Cluster 1 Type VI Secretion System Is a Major Virulence Determinant in <i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i> (2011)

The Burkholderia pseudomallei K96243 genome encodes six type VI secretion systems (T6SSs), but little is known about the role of these systems in the biology of B. pseudomallei. In this study, we purified recombinant Hcp proteins from each T6SS and tested them as vaccine candidates in the BALB/c mouse model of melioidosis. Recombinant Hcp2 protected 80% of mice against a lethal challenge with K96243, while recombinant Hcp1, Hcp3, and Hcp6 protected 50% of mice against challenge. Hcp6 was the only Hcp constitutively produced by B. pseudomallei in vitro; however, it was not exported to the extracellular milieu. Hcp1, on the other hand, was produced and exported in vitro when the VirAG two-component regulatory system was overexpressed in trans. We also constructed six hcp deletion mutants (Δhcp1 through Δhcp6) and tested them for virulence in the Syrian hamster model of infection. The 50% lethal doses (LD(50)s) for the Δhcp2 through Δhcp6 mutants were indistinguishable from K96243 (<10 bacteria), but the LD(50) for the Δhcp1 mutant was >10(3) bacteria. The hcp1 deletion mutant also exhibited a growth defect in RAW 264.7 macrophages and was unable to form multinucleated giant cells in this cell line. Unlike K96243, the Δhcp1 mutant was only weakly cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 macrophages 18 h after infection. The results suggest that the cluster 1 T6SS is essential for virulence and plays an important role in the intracellular lifestyle of B. pseudomallei.
Electric Power monthly, November 1995 with data for August 1995 (1995)

This report presents monthly electricity statistics, with the purpose of providing energy decisionmakers with accurate, timely information that may be used in forming various perspectives on electric issues that lie ahead. EIA collected the information in this report to fulfill its data collection and dissemination responsibilities; the information are from six data sources: forms EIA-759, FERC Form 423, EIA-826, EIA-861, EIA-860, and Form OE-417R. An article on reclicensing and environmental issues affecting hydropower is included. Then the statistics are presented in: US electric power at a glance, utility net generation, utility consumption of fossil fuels, fossil-fuel stocks at utilities, fossil fuel receipts and costs, utility sales/revenue/average revenue per kWh, and monthly plant aggregates. Finally, nonutility power producer statistics, bibliography, technical notes, and a glossary are presented.
Mechanism of the Reaction Catalyzed by the Catalytic Subunit of Asparate Transcarbamylase. Kinetic Studies with Carbamyl Phosphate as Substrate (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Reaction Catalyzed by the Catalytic Subunit of Asparate Transcarbamylase. Kinetic Studies with Carbamyl Phosphate as SubstrateElizabeth Heyde, A Nagabhushanam, and J MorrisonCite this: Biochemistry 1973, 12, 23, 4718–4726Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1973Publication History Published online15 July 2003Published inissue 1 November 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00747a600https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00747a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The rate of cw laser induced solid phase epitaxial regrowth of amorphous silicon (1981)

The rate of cw laser induced solid phase epitaxy in self-implantation amorphized silicon has been measured by determining the dwell time required to regrow the entire amorphous layer at the center of a scanned laser beam. The measurement was performed in the annealing temperature range of 800–900 °C. The measured regrowth rates were about two orders of magnitude higher than those extrapolated from low-temperature furnace annealing data.
DC-to-AC Power Converter for Fuel Cell System (1983)

As the interface between fuel cells and the utility line, a self-commutated inverter is preferred to a line-commutated inverter because of its easy controllability. Using the gate turn off (GTO) thyristors, this inverter can have high efficiency and simple circuit configurations. This paper describes the design features and test results of the dc-to-ac power converter, which is principally composed of four-phase transistor chopper and 12-pulse GTO inverter, for a 50kW experimental fuel cell power system. Furthermore, new GTO inverter which improves the circuit efficiency is presented. Special emphasis is placed on a detailed analysis and evaluation of this GTO inverter.
Stem Cell Assays (2007)

Human embryonic stem cells, stained for Nanog 4 (green) were grown in the presence of mouse feeder cells that were labeled with Qtracker quantum dots (red).
Enabling personal perspectives on heterogeneous information spaces (2002)

Todays Internet holds a large number of information spaces, within which information is categorized according to some schema. Each categorization schema also represents a perspective on a knowledge domain. For access to different information spaces, a user has to adopt different perspectives. These differences in perspectives often prevent an ongoing exchange of information between information spaces. We present a system (CAIMAN), which allows a user to maintain the same personal perspective on different information spaces. In addition to that, CAIMAN offers a set of services which facilitate the exchange of information between information spaces. These services support the user in browsing, retrieving information from and submitting information to different information spaces. To allow a user to maintain a personal perspective on different information spaces, we perform a mapping of the user's categorization schema to the categorization schemas of other information spaces.
A Survey of Bell System Progress in Electronic Switching* (1965)

This article is a survey-type discussion of the Bell System's No. 1 Electronic Switching System for central office use and No. 101 Electronic Switching System for business use. For both systems it presents background history and descriptions of the major subsystems and components. It also covers recent manufacture, installation and commercial service of these two systems.
Dietary flavonoids inhibit the anticancer effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (2008)

Dietary flavonoids have many health-promoting actions, including anticancer activity via proteasome inhibition. Bor-tezomib is a dipeptide boronate proteasome inhibitor that has activity in the treatment of multiple myeloma but is not effective in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although CLL cells are sensitive in vitro to bortezomib-induced apoptosis when cultured in medium, the killing activity was blocked when cultured in 50% fresh autologous plasma. Dietary flavonoids, quercetin and myricetin, which are abundant in plasma, inhibited bortezomib-induced apoptosis of primary CLL and malignant B-cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. This inhibitory effect was associated with chemical reactions between quercetin and the boronic acid group, -RB(OH)2, in bortezomib. The addition of boric acid diminished the inhibitory effect of both quercetin and plasma on bortezomib-induced apoptosis. The protective effect was also reduced when myeloma cell lines, but not B-cell lines, were preincubated with quercetin, indicating a direct effect of quercetin on myeloma cells. At high doses, quercetin itself induced tumor cell death. These data indicate that dietary flavonoids limit the efficacy of bortezomib, whereas supplemental inorganic boric acid is able to reverse this. The complex interactions between quercetin, tumor cells, and bortezomib mean caution is required when giving dietary advice to patients.
Automated Creation of Datamarts from a Clinical Data Warehouse, Driven by an Active Metadata Repository. (1998)

A methodology and toolkit are described which enable the automated metadata-driven creation of datamarts from clinical data warehouses. The software uses schema-to-schema transformation driven by an active metadata repository. Tools for assessing datamart data quality are described, as well as methods for assessing the feasibility of implementing specific datamarts. A methodology for data remediation and the re-engineering of operational data capture is described.
Laparoscopic Versus Open Vertical Banded Gastroplasty for the Treatment of Morbid Obesity (2001)

Vertical banded gastroplasty (VBG) is an effective treatment for morbid obesity. Recent advancement in laparoscopic surgery has made laparoscopic VBG possible. The authors compared retrospectively the outcomes of laparoscopic VBG versus open VBG in patients with morbid obesity. From June 1998 to April 1999, 100 patients (18 men, 82 women; average age, 32.6 years) underwent laparoscopic VBG, and 40 patients (7 men, 33 women; average age, 28.8 years) underwent conventional open VBG. The two groups were similar regarding sex, age, and body mass index distribution. Mean surgical time, blood loss estimate, duration of postoperative recovery, analgesic usage, complications, and weight reduction were compared among the two groups. Laparoscopic VBG was successful in 99 (99%) of the 100 patients. Mean surgical time was longer in duration for the laparoscopic VBG group than it was for the open VBG group (173 vs. 101 minutes, P < 0.01). The laparoscopic VBG group had earlier flatus passage (1.9 vs. 2.6 days;P < 0.01), less usage of analgesics (meperidine 50 mg/unit; 0.9 vs. 2.3 units;P < 0.01), and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (3.7 vs. 6.0 days;P < 0.01). Estimated blood loss, surgical complication rate, and weight reduction were similar among the two groups. Although laparoscopic VBG required a longer surgical time and was technically more demanding, it resulted in shorter recovery time, less analgesic use, and less severe physical discomfort. The authors' findings show that the two methods were approached safely equally.
Protein self-diffusion in crowded solutions (2011)

Macromolecular crowding in biological media is an essential factor for cellular function. The interplay of intermolecular interactions at multiple time and length scales governs a fine-tuned system of reaction and transport processes, including particularly protein diffusion as a limiting or driving factor. Using quasielastic neutron backscattering, we probe the protein self-diffusion in crowded aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin on nanosecond time and nanometer length scales employing the same protein as crowding agent. The measured diffusion coefficient D(ϕ) strongly decreases with increasing protein volume fraction ϕ explored within 7% ≤ ϕ ≤ 30%. With an ellipsoidal protein model and an analytical framework involving colloid diffusion theory, we separate the rotational D(r)(ϕ) and translational D(t)(ϕ) contributions to D(ϕ). The resulting D(t)(ϕ) is described by short-time self-diffusion of effective spheres. Protein self-diffusion at biological volume fractions is found to be slowed down to 20% of the dilute limit solely due to hydrodynamic interactions.
Calpain‐mediated androgen receptor breakdown in apoptotic prostate cancer cells (2008)

Since androgen receptor (AR) plays an important role in prostate cancer development and progression, androgen-ablation has been the frontline therapy for treatment of advanced prostate cancer even though it is rarely curative. A curative strategy should involve functional and structural elimination of AR from prostate cancer cells. We have previously reported that apoptosis induced by medicinal proteasome-inhibitory compound celastrol is associated with a decrease in AR protein levels. However celastrol-stimulated events contributing to this AR decrease have not been elucidated. Here, we report that a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, including proteasome inhibitors, a topoisomerase inhibitor, DNA-damaging agents and docetaxel that cause cell death, decrease AR levels in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. This decrease in AR protein levels was not due to the suppression of AR mRNA expression in these cells. We observed that a proteolytic activity residing in cytosol of prostate cancer cells is responsible for AR breakdown and that this proteolytic activity was stimulated upon induction of apoptosis. Interestingly, proteasome inhibitor celastrol- and chemotherapeutic drug VP-16-stimulated AR breakdown was attenuated by calpain inhibitors calpastatin and N-acetyl-L-leucyl-L-leucyl-L-methioninal. Furthermore, AR proteolytic activity pulled down by calmodulin-agarose beads from celastrol-treated PC-3 cells showed immunoreactivity to a calpain antibody. Taken together, these results demonstrate calpain involvement in proteasome inhibitor-induced AR breakdown, and suggest that AR degradation is intrinsic to the induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer cells.
Influence of Partial Substitution of Te by Se and Ge by Sn on the Properties of the Blu-ray Phase-Change Material Ge<sub>8</sub>Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>11</sub> (2012)

The opto-electronic properties of the Blu-ray phase-change material Ge8Sb2Te11 were investigated and compared to partially substituted compounds. Investigations were performed on Ge8Sb2Te6Se5 (I) and SnGe7Sb2Te7Se4 (II). To monitor the influence of substitution on both cation and anion sites onto the properties, in Ge8Sb2Te6Se5, only Te was substituted by Se, while in SnGe7Sb2Te7Se4, Ge also was partially replaced by Sn, yielding an equivalent degree of substitution. The crystallization of the amorphous compound to a rhombohedral phase was observed. The first transition temperature (Tc1) is 210 °C for I and 185 °C for II, while the second transition temperature (Tc2) cannot be clearly determined, because of the coexistence of both phases. Thin-film properties were examined and an increase of density and roughness was observed for both materials upon crystallization. In situ electrical resistance measurements show a huge electrical contrast between the amorphous samples and the crystalline samples, which amounts to 4 orders of magnitude for II and 5 orders of magnitude for I. Optical properties were characterized with variable incident-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Substitution leads to an enormous increase of the reflectivity contrast for blue light: The reflectivity contrast between the different phases increases from 20% to 50% for I and from 20% to 74% for II.
Delayed relapse in pseudotumor cerebri due to new stenosis after transverse sinus stenting (2015)

A patient presented with recurrent severe pseudotumor cerebri (PTC). Transverse sinus stenting is a very effective treatment option, however stenosis and intracranial hypertension can recur. In our patient, stenting initially resulted in resolution of papilloedema. However, after 5 years, a new stenosis developed which required further stenting. This case highlights the fact that, in patients with PTC who undergo transverse sinus stenting, a small proportion require repeat treatment due to formation of a new stenosis, usually adjacent to the existing stent. Patients with severe disease, such as ours, may be at higher risk of recurrence. Regardless of the severity, all patients who undergo stenting should have regular ocular follow-up.
Botulinum Toxin Type B (2003)

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin B is an antigenically distinct form of Botulinum toxin which has unique physical and clinical properties that distinguish it from Botulinum toxin A. OBJECTIVE To describe properties of Botulinum toxin B. METHODS More rapid onset, greater diffusion characteristics as well as disminished longevity have been identified to date in previous studies. RESULTS BTX-B is safe and effective. CONCLUSION The clinical role of this novel neurotoxin in the aesthetic arena is presently evolving.
Blend miscibility of bisphenol A polycarbonate and poly(ethylene terephthalate) as studied by solid-state high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectroscopy (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBlend miscibility of bisphenol A polycarbonate and poly(ethylene terephthalate) as studied by solid-state high-resolution carbon-13 NMR spectroscopyP. Mark Henrichs, John Tribone, Dennis J. Massa, and James M. HewittCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1282–1291Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Cas9 is a multiple-turnover enzyme (2018)

Cas9 nuclease is the key effector of type II CRISPR adaptive immune systems found in bacteria. The nuclease can be programmed by a single guide RNA (sgRNA) to cleave DNA in a sequence-specific manner. This property has led to its widespread adoption as a genome editing tool in research laboratories and holds great promise for biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The general mechanistic features of catalysis by Cas9 homologs are comparable; however, a high degree of diversity exists among the protein sequences, which may result in subtle mechanistic differences. <i>S. aureus</i> (SauCas9) and especially <i>S. pyogenes</i> (SpyCas9) are among the best-characterized Cas9 proteins and share ∼17% sequence identity. A notable feature of SpyCas9 is an extremely slow rate of reaction turnover, which is thought to limit the amount of substrate DNA cleavage. Using in vitro biochemistry and enzyme kinetics, we directly compare SpyCas9 and SauCas9 activities. Here, we report that in contrast to SpyCas9, SauCas9 is a multiple-turnover enzyme, which to our knowledge is the first report of such activity in a Cas9 homolog. We also show that DNA cleaved with SauCas9 does not undergo any detectable single-stranded degradation after the initial double-stranded break observed previously with SpyCas9, thus providing new insights and considerations for future design of CRISPR/Cas9-based applications.
β‐Amyloid Precursor Protein Isoforms in Various Rat Brain Regions and During Brain Development (1992)

To address the question of the possible functions of different Alzheimer's disease beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) isoforms in the brain, we studied their expression at different times during postnatal rat brain development and in various regions of the adult rat brain. Polyclonal antibodies directed to two peptide antigens were used. The majority of all beta-APP forms was found to be soluble as revealed by western blot analysis. The highest level of most beta-APP forms was reached in the second postnatal week, which is the time of brain maturation and completion of synaptic connections. Strikingly high concentrations of the Kunitz protease inhibitor-containing beta-APP were present in the adult olfactory bulb, where continuous synaptogenesis occurs in the adult animal. These findings support the idea of an involvement of beta-APPs in the processes of cell differentiation and, probably, in the establishment of synaptic contacts.