gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Team Diversity in Knowledge Sourcing Scope and Individual Learning Mode: A Multi-Level Approach. (2013)

A team member acquires knowledge to successfully complete team tasks with other members by accessing his/her available knowledge sources. In this knowledge process, individual members can use (1) internal knowledge source from knowledgeable coworkers or formal sources within their organizational boundaries. They can also rely on (2) external knowledge source by networking with external experts or informal sources outside their organizations. To learn knowledge acquired from internal/external sources and apply it to team tasks, individual members adopt two different learning modes: (1) exploitation by repeatedly adopting and applying the existing knowledge and (2) exploration by idiosyncratically developing their own understanding. Regarding such two dimensions of knowledge processing (i.e., knowledge sourcing and individual learning), the social categorization and the information/decision-making perspectives suggest that team diversity has different effects on individual performance, which consists of task-relevant performance and creative performance. Moreover, prior studies using single-level research designs have overlooked the multi-level nature of knowledge processing in which individual members are influenced by one another. To compromise the different suggestions from these competing theories and to explain the contextual effects of team diversity in knowledge processing, this study conceptualizes a two-dimensional team diversity in terms of knowledge sourcing scope and individual learning mode. We then hypothesize its top-down effects on individual knowledge processing in work groups. The multi-level approach suggested in this study might advance our understanding of team diversity in knowledge processing and its effects on individual performance by integrating the cross-level associations into a single study.
Trend in Vacuum Fluorescent Displays (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Trend in Vacuum Fluorescent Displays relates to the technological advances in the design and construction of VFD's, with emphasis on recent and state of the art technology. Current design criteria plus operation parameters are outlined. Additionally, market demands on the display sector are noted with sections on both the displays of the present and future.</div>
Sirolimus, but not the structurally related RAD (everolimus), enhances the negative effects of cyclosporine on mitochondrial metabolism in the rat brain (2001)

Clinical studies have shown enhancement of cyclosporine toxicity when co-administered with the immunosuppressant sirolimus. We evaluated the biochemical mechanisms underlying the sirolimus/cyclosporine interaction on rat brain metabolism using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and compared the effects of sirolimus with those of the structurally related RAD. Two-week-old rats (25 g) were allocated to the following treatment groups (all n=6): I. control, II. cyclosporine (10 mg kg(-1) d(-1)), III. sirolimus (3 mg kg(-1) d(-1)), IV. RAD (3 mg kg(-1) d(-1)), V. cyclosporine+sirolimus and VI. cyclosporine+RAD. Drugs were administered by oral gavage for 6 days. Twelve hours after the last dose, metabolic changes were assessed in brain tissue extracts using multinuclear MRS. Cyclosporine significantly inhibited mitochondrial glucose metabolism (glutamate: 78+/-6% of control; GABA: 67+/-12%; NAD(+): 76+/-3%; P<0.05), but increased lactate production. Sirolimus and RAD inhibited cytosolic glucose metabolism via lactate production (sirolimus: 81+/-3% of control, RAD: 69+/-2%; P<0.02). Sirolimus enhanced cyclosporine-induced inhibition of mitochondrial glucose metabolism (glutamate: 60+/-4%; GABA: 59+/-8%; NAD(+): 45+/-5%; P<0.02 versus cyclosporine alone). Lactate production was significantly reduced. In contrast, RAD antagonized the effects of cyclosporine (glutamate, GABA, and NAD(+), not significantly different from controls). The results can partially be explained by pharmacokinetic interactions: co-administration increased the distribution of cyclosporine and sirolimus into brain tissue, while co-administration with RAD decreased cyclosporine brain tissue concentrations. In addition RAD, but not sirolimus, distributed into brain mitochondria. The combination of cyclosporine/RAD compares favourably to cyclosporine/sirolimus in regards to their effects on brain high-energy metabolism and tissue distribution in the rat.
<i>Arabidopsis</i> Vacuolar Sorting Mutants (<i>green fluorescent seed</i>) Can Be Identified Efficiently by Secretion of Vacuole-Targeted Green Fluorescent Protein in Their Seeds (2007)

Two Arabidopsis thaliana genes have been shown to function in vacuolar sorting of seed storage proteins: a vacuolar sorting receptor, VSR1/ATELP1, and a retromer component, MAIGO1 (MAG1)/VPS29. Here, we show an efficient and simple method for isolating vacuolar sorting mutants of Arabidopsis. The method was based on two findings in this study. First, VSR1 functioned as a sorting receptor for beta-conglycinin by recognizing the vacuolar targeting signal. Second, when green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion with the signal (GFP-CT24) was expressed in vsr1, mag1/vps29, and wild-type seeds, both vsr1and mag1/vps29 gave strongly fluorescent seeds but the wild type did not, suggesting that a defect in vacuolar sorting provided fluorescent seeds by the secretion of GFP-CT24 out of the cells. We mutagenized transformant seeds expressing GFP-CT24. From approximately 3,000,000 lines of M2 seeds, we obtained >100 fluorescent seeds and designated them green fluorescent seed (gfs) mutants. We report 10 gfs mutants, all of which caused missorting of storage proteins. We mapped gfs1 to VSR1, gfs2 to KAM2/GRV2, gfs10 to the At4g35870 gene encoding a novel membrane protein, and the others to different loci. This method should provide valuable insights into the complex molecular mechanisms underlying vacuolar sorting of storage proteins.
Implant positioning for periodontal, functional, and aesthetic results. (1992)

Implant positioning requires the adherence to a very precise protocol in order to achieve the best periodontal, functional, and aesthetic results. In this article, the authors discuss the step-by-step procedure, including pre-implant study, transfer techniques, implant positioning, gingiva grafts, and post-implant hygiene.
Electron Transport Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Device Performance (2012)

We report the design, synthesis and characterization, thermal and photophysical properties of two silane based electron transport materials, dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-yltriphenylsilane (Si?87) and (dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-2-yl)diphenylsilane (Siφ88) and their performance in blue organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). The utility of these materials in blue OLEDs with iridium (III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2’]picolinate (Firpic) as the phosphorescent emitter was demonstrated. Using the silane Siφ87 as the electron transport material (ETm), an EQE of 18.2% was obtained, with a power efficiency of 24.3 lm/W (5.8V at 1 mA/cm2), in a heterostructure. When Siφ88 is used, the EQE is 18.5% with a power efficiency of 26.0 lm/W (5.5V at 1 mA/cm2).
Genome-wide association analyses for meat quality traits in Chinese Erhualian pigs and a Western Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) commercial population (2015)

These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular basis of convergent evolution of meat quality traits in Chinese and Western breeds that show divergent phenotypes. They may contribute to genetic improvement of purebreds for crossbred performance.
Multi-tenant SOA Middleware for Cloud Computing (2010)

Enterprise IT infrastructure incurs many costs ranging from hardware costs and software licenses/maintenance costs to the costs of monitoring, managing, and maintaining IT infrastructure. The recent advent of cloud computing offers some tangible prospects of reducing some of those costs; however, abstractions provided by cloud computing are often inadequate to provide major cost savings across the IT infrastructure life-cycle. Multi-tenancy, which allows a single application to emulate multiple application instances, has been proposed as a solution to this problem. By sharing one application across many tenants, multi-tenancy attempts to replace many small application instances with one or few large instances thus bringing down the overall cost of IT infrastructure. In this paper, we present an architecture for achieving multi-tenancy at the SOA level, which enables users to run their services and other SOA artifacts in a multi-tenant SOA framework as well as provides an environment to build multi-tenant applications. We discuss architecture, design decisions, and problems encountered, together with potential solutions when applicable. Primary contributions of this paper are motivating multi-tenancy, and the design and implementation of a multi-tenant SOA platform which allows users to run their current applications in a multi-tenant environment with minimal or no modifications.
Thread migration and communication minimization in DSM systems (1999)

Networks of workstations are characterized by dynamic resource capacities. Such environments can only be efficiently exploited by applications that are dynamically reconfigurable. The paper explores mechanisms and policies that enable online reconfiguration of shared memory applications through thread migration. We describe the design and preliminary performance of a distributed shared memory (DSM) system that performs online remappings of threads to nodes based on sharing behavior. Our system obtains complete sharing information through a novel correlation tracking phase that avoids the thread thrashing that characterizes previous approaches. This information is used to evaluate the communication required by a given thread mapping and to predict the resulting performance.
Role of the carrier-envelope phase in extreme nonlinear optics in ZnO (2003)

We discuss the dependence of nonlinear optical signals on the carrier-envelope offset phase, i.e., the phase between the rapidly oscillating carrier wave and the electric field envelope of a few-cycle pulse. Our results in the regime on non-perturbative resonant nonlinear optics are compared with the know off-resonant perturbative regime. In particular, we introduce camouflage third-harmonic generation, which shows up as a peak at twice the carrier-envelope offset frequency in the radio-frequency spectra. Corresponding experiments on ZnO with intense 5 fs optical pulses are discussed. We speculate on the perspectives of using such effects for determining the carrier-envelope offset phase itself.
Australian Computational and Linguistics Olympiad (2010)

The key aspects and features of the Australian Computational and Linguistics Olympiad (OZCLO), a contest for high school students are discussed. The contest is also gaining a lot of popularity internationally and all across Australia as well.
Mechanism of Cyclic Ester Polymerization Initiated with Tin(II) Octoate. 2. Macromolecules Fitted with Tin(II) Alkoxide Species Observed Directly in MALDI−TOF Spectra (2000)

Polymerization of ε-caprolactone (CL) initiated with tin(II) octoate (tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate, (Sn(Oct)2)) in the presence of butyl alcohol (BuOH) or water and conducted in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent at 80 °C was studied using MALDI−TOF mass spectrometry. Formation of the following populations of macromolecules was revealed: Bu[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOSnOct, Bu[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOct, Bu[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOH, H[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOct, H[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOH, macrocyclics [O(O)C(CH2)5]n, and macrocyclics with incorporated tin(II) alkoxide moieties [O(O)C(CH2)5]nOSn. Thus, the most rewarding has been a direct observation of species with a tin atom covalently bonded with the polyester chain, at least for two populations of macromolecules (i.e., Bu[O(O)C(CH2)5]nOSnOct and [O(O)C(CH2)5]nOSn cyclics). Identification of the tin-containing macromolecules was based not only on the agreement between the observed m/z and the calculated molar mass values but also on the particular isotopic distribution provided by the tin atom. This result is in favor of the mechanism postulating propagation on the tin(II) alkoxide as the active center.
Electrochemically Induced Phase Transformation in Nanoscale Olivines Li<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>MPO<sub>4</sub> (M = Fe, Mn) (2008)

The phase stability and phase transformation kinetics of Li1−xMPO4 olivines are critical to their performance as lithium storage electrodes. In this work, nanoscale (<100 nm primary particle size) Li1−xFePO4 and Li1−xMnPO4 are chosen as model systems for comparison with a coarser-grained LiFePO4 that exhibits a conventional two-phase reaction. The nanoscale materials first exhibit time and state-of-charge dependences of the electrochemical potential and structural parameters which show that stable two-phase coexistence is not reached. The evolution of structural parameters supports the existence of a coherency stress influenced crystal−crystal transformation. However, an additional response, the preferential formation of amorphous phase at nanosize scale, is identified. In Li1−xFePO4, at 34 nm average particle size, at least one amorphous phase of varying Li content coexists with the crystalline phases. In Li1−xMnPO4 of 78 nm particle size, the electrochemically formed delithiated phase is highly disordered. These phenomena are interpreted from the effect of surface and bulk energetics on phase stability of a nanoscale material.
Extraction-absorption analysis of natural samples (1987)

At the present time atomic-absorption spectrometry, due to its high selectivity and sensitivity, is one of the most widely used techniques in analytical chemistry (1). The direct AA determination of nanogram amounts of elements in natural samples, however, is a difficult analytic task chiefly because of the important effect of the matrix on the analytical signal. One of the most promising means for improving the selectivity and sensitivity of AA analysis is using it in conjunction with extraction. In this review the authors systematize the published data on the extraction/atomic-absorption determination of elements, chiefly in natural samples. The data are organized by the element of interest according to its position in the Periodic Table and also by the nature of the samples analyzed.
Review on signal-by-wire and power-by-wire actuation for more electric aircraft (2017)

The huge and rapid progress in electric drives offers new opportunities to improve the performances of aircraft at all levels: fuel burn, environmental footprint, safety, integration and production, serviceability, and maintainability. Actuation for safety-critical applications like flight-controls, landing gears, and even engines is one of the major consumers of non-propulsive power. Conventional actuation with centralized hydraulic power generation and distribution and control of power by throttling has been well established for decades, but offers a limited potential of evolution. In this context, electric drives become more and more attractive to remove the natural drawbacks of conventional actuation and to offer new opportunities for improving performance. This paper takes the stock, at both the signal and power levels, of the evolution of actuation for safety-critical applications in aerospace. It focuses on the recent advances and the remaining challenges to be taken toward full electrical actuation for commercial and military aircraft, helicopters, and launchers. It logically starts by emphasizing the specificity of safety-critical actuation for aerospace. The following section addresses in details the evolution of aerospace actuation from mechanically-signaled and hydraulically-supplied to all electric, with special emphasis on research and development programs and on solutions entered into service. Finally, the last section reviews the challenges to be taken to generalize the use of all-electric actuators for future aircraft programs.
Polynuclear heterocyclic systems based on naphthalene-1,5-diol: I. Reaction of naphthalene-1,5-diol and its derivatives with β-dicarbonyl and α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds (2006)

Reactions of naphthalene-1,5-diol and its derivatives (5-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol, 2-bromo-5-methoxynaphthalen-1-ol, and 2,6-di-tert-butylnaphthalene-1,5-diol) with ethyl acetoacetate, acetylacetone, and p-methoxycinnamic acid under acidic conditions (HCl, HClO4, CF3CO2H) gave substituted benzo[h]-chromenes, naphtho[1,2-b]pyrylium salts, and 3,4-dihydrobenzo[h]chromenes, respectively. Possible mechanisms were proposed for the observed acid-catalyzed heterocyclizations.
Secondary injury mechanisms in traumatic spinal cord injury: a nugget of this multiply cascade (2011)

The pathophysiology of acute spinal cord injury (SCI) involves primary and secondary mechanisms of injury. Though both mechanisms are involved in the neurological dysfunction in SCI most research however has focused on understanding the pathophysiology of the secondary damage and reducing the amount of delayed cell loss following SCI. Research has revealed extensive therapeutic windows in secondary injury mechanisms that could be manipulated by appropriate exogenous interventions. In contrast, primary injury to the cord happens unexpectedly, and it is associated with inevitable delays; ranging from several hours to days before care intervention is administered. Therefore, apart from achieving patient's stabilization, the therapeutic window in the primary phase of injury is essentially obliterated, and consequently inaccessible for specialized. Coupled to this, the exacerbating effect of secondary injury mechanisms has generally commenced before the specialist intervention. Hence, knowledge of secondary injury mechanisms and their intricacies are invaluable requisite for any tailored therapeutic strategy in the persistent search for a cure of SCI. There are about 25 well-established secondary injury mechanisms in SCI, and are found in bits or clusters in literature. A vast number of these articles are not open access. Besides, articles with a comprehensive catalog of these mechanisms are not readily available. This article has cataloged over twenty five identified secondary mechanisms of injury in the spinal cord in an open access portal, and is particularly versatile for starters in spinal cord injury research.
Chemical studies on antifouling substances in marine invertebrates. Part 1. Antifouling Substances against the Mussel in an Octocoral Dendronephthya sp. (1993)

In a study of antifouling substances against the blue mussel Mytilus edulis L., 11 out of 23 acetone extracts of marine invertebrates collected in the Ogasawara Islands showed antifouling activities. One of active species, an octocoral Dendronephthya sp., gave sterols and a fatty acid mixture mainly composing of C16, and C18 acids as active constituents. A comparison of the antifouling activities of various fatty acids suggested that unsaturated fatty acids were thought to be responsible for the activity.Since fatty acids were commonly detected in other active extracts, they might play an important role in antifouling activities in marine invertebrates.
Synthesis of New Modified DNAs by Hyperthermophilic DNA Polymerase:  Substrate and Template Specificity of Functionalized Thymidine Analogues Bearing an sp3-Hybridized Carbon at the C5 α-Position for Several DNA Polymerases (2002)

Novel thymidine analogue triphosphates, which have an sp3-hybridized carbon at the C5 alpha-position with amino-linker arms, a methyl ester, or a carboxyl group at the C5 sidearm, were good substrates for primer-extension reactions by DNA polymerase from Pyrococcus kodakaraensis (KOD Dash DNA polymerase), yielding exclusively full-length products. The resulting modified DNA was further allowed to react with a functional molecule such as fluorescein isothiocyanate. By contrast, only truncated products were formed from the thymidine analogue substrate bearing the amino-linker arm or the negatively charged carboxyl group using Taq, Tth DNA polymerase, or DNA polymerase I from E. coli (Klenow fragment). The results indicate either that the thymidine analogue was not accepted by the enzymes, or that the polymerases could not extend the products, once the analogue had been incorporated, depending on the type of the analogue. A conventional thymidine analogue bearing an aminopropenyl group at the C5-position was accepted by all enzymes, among which KOD Dash DNA polymerase showed the highest activity for the polymerization with this analogue. Templates bearing the thymidine analogues in place of one thymidine residue were read by KOD Dash, Taq, Tth DNA polymerases, and the Klenow fragment giving the full-length product. KOD Dash DNA polymerase could expand structural diversities of substrates that can be used to prepare modified DNAs.
The Genetics of Axonal Transport and Axonal Transport Disorders (2006)

Neurons are specialized cells with a complex architecture that includes elaborate dendritic branches and a long, narrow axon that extends from the cell body to the synaptic terminal. The organized transport of essential biological materials throughout the neuron is required to support its growth, function, and viability. In this review, we focus on insights that have emerged from the genetic analysis of long-distance axonal transport between the cell body and the synaptic terminal. We also discuss recent genetic evidence that supports the hypothesis that disruptions in axonal transport may cause or dramatically contribute to neurodegenerative diseases.
[Hair transplantation: gelatin plugs for hemostasis]. (1983)

Uncontrolled bleeding at the recipient site is a complicating factor in hair transplant surgery. As a consequence, time consuming procedures as well as further discomfort for the patient is inevitable. In order to achieve adequate hemostasis, we present an easy method using cylindrical gelatin-plugs.
Cholesterol-dependent actin remodeling via RhoA and Rac1 activation by the<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>toxin pneumolysin (2007)

The Streptococcus pneumoniae toxin pneumolysin belongs to the group of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins. It produces rapid cell lysis at higher concentrations or apoptosis at lower concentrations. In cell membranes, it forms prepores and pores. Here, we show that sublytic concentrations of pneumolysin produce rapid activation of Rho and Rac GTPases and formation of actin stress fibers, filopodia, and lamellipodia. That Rac1-specific and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-specific inhibitors reverted the formation of lamellipodia and stress fibers, respectively, identifies RhoA and Rac1 as key toxin effectors. Live imaging excluded macropore formation (as judged by membrane impermeability toward calcein) but indicated very early membrane depolarization [as judged by bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxanol staining], indicative of formation of micropores with ion channel properties. That Rac1-dependent lamellipodia formation was reverted by the voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor SKF96365 and by toxin exposure in calcium-free medium suggests a role for calcium influx via endogenous calcium channels in the Rac1 activation. Cellular cholesterol depletion by methyl-beta-cyclodextrin or incubation of the toxin with cholesterol before cell treatment eliminated its membrane binding and the subsequent GTPase activation. Thus, that our experiments show small GTPase activation by a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin suggests a membrane cholesterol-dependent activation mechanism.