gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Founder-cell-specific transcription of the<i>DORNRÖSCHEN-LIKE</i>promoter and integration of the auxin response (2015)

Transcription of the DORNRÖSCHEN (DRNL) promoter marks lateral-organ founder cells throughout Arabidopsis development, from cotyledons to flowers or floral organs. In the inflorescence apex, DRNL::GFP depicts incipient floral phyllotaxy, and organs in the four floral whorls are differentially prepatterned: the sepals unidirectionally along an abaxial-adaxial axis, the four petals and two lateral stamens in two putative morphogenetic fields, and the medial stamens subsequently in a ring-shaped domain, before two groups of carpel founder cells are specified. The dynamic DRNL transcription pattern is controlled by three enhancer elements, which redundantly and synergistically control qualitative or quantitative aspects of expression, and differentially integrate the auxin response in Arabidopsis inflorescence and floral meristems. The high sequence conservation of all three enhancer elements among the Brassicaceae is striking, which suggests that densely packed cis-regulatory elements are conserved to recruit multiple transcription factors, including auxin response factors, into higher-order enhanceosome complexes. The spatial organization of the enhancers is also conserved, by a microsynteny that extends beyond the Brassicaceae, which relates to enhancer sharing, as the distal element En1 bidirectionally serves DRNL and the upstream At1g24600 gene; the genes are transcribed in opposite directions and possibly comprise a conserved functional chromatin domain.
Snapshot Capacity of Multi Hop Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

This paper studies the single power vector (snap-shot) capacity of the multi hop ad hoc networks. In a previous work, we introduced the concept of snapshot capacity region and studied it extensively for the case of single hop ad hoc networks. Here, we extend the snapshot capacity region idea to the more general and practical case of multi hop ad hoc networks with the partial successive interference cancellation technique. First, we prove the existence of a minimal power vector for each rate matrix and then we find the necessary and sufficient conditions of the rate matrices to be on the border of the snapshot capacity region. At the end, a novel iterative algorithm is proposed to produce the border of the snapshot capacity region. This algorithm can be used as an admission control algorithm to achieve the snapshot capacity region with some modifications.
The information content of weakly scattered fields: implications for near-field imaging of three-dimensional structures (2000)

Abstract The structural information carried by the homogeneous and evanescent components of the scattered field is investigated for the case of a single plane wave, either homogeneous or evanescent, incident on a weakly scattering three-dimensional medium. For homogeneous plane wave incidence, it is shown that, unlike the one-to-one mapping that exists in the case of scattering from thin (i.e. two-dimensional) structures, the evanescent components of the scattered field are related to the three-dimensional Fourier transform of the dielectric susceptibility through a generalized Radon transform. For evanescent plane wave incidence, a reciprocal relationship exists between the homogenous components of the scattered field and the three-dimensional Fourier transform of the susceptibility. Inversion techniques are outlined for these two cases, as well as other experimental modalities, which explicitly require, except for separable media, complete (i.e. multiple view) measurement data. These results have direct bearing on total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM), and they yield insight into the limitations of more general near-field imaging techniques.
An efficient synthesis of 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[<i>h</i>]quinazoline derivatives under solvent‐free conditions (2010)

Abstract magnified image An efficient and convenient method for the preparation of 5,6‐dihydrobenzo[ h ]quinazoline derivatives by the multicomponent reactions of aromatic aldehydes, 3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2 H )‐one and urea or acetamidine hydrochloride, in the presence of sodium hydroxide under solvent‐free conditions was reported. This method has the advantages of excellent yields, mild reaction conditions, easy work‐up, and environmentally friendly procedure. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2010).
NMDA receptors at the endplate of rat skeletal muscles: Precise postsynaptic localization (2011)

Abstract In this study we demonstrate expression of the N ‐methyl‐ D ‐aspartate receptor NR1 subunit in the rat neuromuscular junction of skeletal muscles of different functional types (extensor digitorum longus, soleus, and diaphragm muscles) using fluorescence immunocytochemistry. Electron microscopic immunocytochemistry has shown that the NR1 subunit is localized solely on the sarcolemma in the depths of the postsynaptic folds. These findings suggest participation of the glutamatergic signaling system in functioning of the adult mammalian neuromuscular junction. Muscle Nerve, 2011
THz-wave tomographic imaging: An approach via CT reconstruction from limited projections (2008)

We constructed a preliminary tomographic imaging system using CW THz-source based on the concept of CT reconstruction with the projection angles limited. We demonstrate the feasibility using the paper phantom.
Sumatriptan: A Receptor-Targeted Treatment for Migraine (1993)

Sumatriptan, recently introduced for the treatment of migraine, heralds the beginning of a molecular era in the pharmacological treatment of migraine headache. An indole (non-ergot alkaloid) derivative with agonist properties at a receptor resembling the 5-HT1D subtype (so-called 5-HT1-like receptor), sumatriptan is the first antimigraine medication to exhibit receptor-selective properties. Clinical data indicate that sumatriptan relieves headache, nausea, and photophobia in a majority of acute migraine patients, and it possesses favorable side effect and safety profiles. Of great importance, sumatriptan acts through a novel mechanism that we now know is shared by dihydroergotamine and other useful compounds for the treatment of acute migraine headaches. In this summary, we briefly review the drug's mechanism of action and the emerging clinical experience with its use.
Three monophyletic superfamilies account for the majority of the known glycosyltransferases (2003)

Sixty-five families of glycosyltransferases (EC 2.4.x.y) have been recognized on the basis of high-sequence similarity to a founding member with experimentally demonstrated enzymatic activity. Although distant sequence relationships between some of these families have been reported, the natural history of glycosyltransferases is poorly understood. We used iterative searches of sequence databases, motif extraction, structural comparison, and analysis of completely sequenced genomes to track the origins of modern-type glycosyltransferases. We show that >75% of recognized glycosyltransferase families belong to one of only three monophyletic superfamilies of proteins, namely, (1) a recently described GPGTF/GT-B superfamily; (2) a nucleoside-diphosphosugar transferase (GT-A) superfamily, which is characterized by a DxD sequence signature and also includes nucleotidyltransferases; and (3) a GT-C superfamily of integral membrane glycosyltransferases with a modified DxD signature in the first extracellular loop. Several developmental regulators in Metazoans, including Fringe and Egghead homologs, belong to the second superfamily. Interestingly, Tout-velu/Exostosin family of developmental proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes, contains separate domains belonging to the first and the second superfamilies, explaining multiple glycosyltransferase activities in one protein.
A simple and efficient method for direct gene deletion in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1993)

Journal Article A simple and efficient method for direct gene deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Get access A. Baudin, A. Baudin Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Propre Associé à I'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar O. Ozier-Kalogeropoulos, O. Ozier-Kalogeropoulos Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Propre Associé à I'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Denouel, A. Denouel Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Propre Associé à I'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. Lacroute, F. Lacroute Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Propre Associé à I'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. Cullin C. Cullin * Centre de Génétique Moléculaire du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire Propre Associé à I'Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 21, Issue 14, 11 July 1993, Pages 3329–3330, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/21.14.3329 Published: 11 July 1993 Article history Received: 13 April 1993 Revision received: 02 June 1993 Accepted: 02 June 1993 Published: 11 July 1993
Observation of bit-error-rate impairment due to dynamic cross-phase modulation in 2.5 Gbit/s WDM transmission systems with standard fiber (1996)

Summary form only given. In this paper we have investigated high-power 2.5 Gbit/s WDM signal transmission property in a long-length conventional fiber. Severe bit-error-rate (DER) degradation due to dynamic cross phase modulation (CPM) between channels has been observed, that is dependent on the signal power and channel spacing. Further, we have demonstrated, by adequately setting the channel spacing, that the constraint can be relaxed and this resulted in successful transmission of four-channel 2.5 Gbit/s WDM signal over 360 km.
A 3 V 12-55 MHz BiCMOS pseudo-differential continuous-time filter (1995)

The reduction of the supply voltage forces one to develop system and circuit solutions able to achieve the same performance previously obtained with higher supply voltage. In this paper, a second-order low-pass continuous-time filter operating at a 3 V power supply is presented. The prototype filter is implemented using a highly linear pseudo-differential transconductor. The input common-mode signal is canceled at the transconductor level using a feed-forward path. The output common mode voltage is controlled at the filter level using lossy integrators. A prototype cell has been realized in 1.2 /spl mu/m BiCMOS technology. The pole frequency can be tuned in the range 12-55 MHz. A THD of -40 dB is achieved for signals up to 1 V/sub pp/ at 10 MHz. The dynamic range is approximately 60 dB.
Percutaneous Cryoablation of Symptomatic Extraabdominal Metastatic Disease: Preliminary Results (2005)

Preliminary results suggest that percutaneous cryoablation may offer a minimally invasive alternative for relief of symptomatic metastatic disease in patients for whom conventional therapy failed.
Towards a Policy-relevant Framework (1985)

Previous chapters have outlined the basic thrust of recent research on the economics of fertility. We have examined a wide variety of economic models and empirical results, and some of the problems associated with economic thinking about the study of fertility. The first two sections of this chapter briefly restate the current status of the economics of fertility both as social science and in terms of its contribution to policy. The last section outlines some research strategies.
Anonymous ID-Based Group Key Agreement for Wireless Networks (2008)

Popularity of group-oriented applications motivates research on security and privacy protection for group communications. A number of group key agreement protocols exploiting ID-based cryptosystem have been proposed for this objective. Though bearing beneficial features like reduced management cost, private key delegation from ID-based cryptosystem, they have not taken into account privacy issues during group communication. In wireless networks, the privacy problem becomes more crucial and urgent for mobile users due to the open nature of radio media. In this paper, we proposed an anonymous ID- based group key agreement protocol for wireless networks. Based on ID-based cryptosystem, our protocol not only benefits from the desirable features of ID-based cryptosystem, but also provides privacy protection for mobile users. More important, in the proposed protocol, the computation cost for each group member is largely reduced to meet the computation capability restriction of mobile devices.
Tris(hydroxyphenyl)ethane Benzotriazole:  A Copolymerizable UV Light Stabilizer<sup>,</sup><sup>1</sup><sup>a</sup> (1998)

A novel UV-light stabilizer (UVLS), 3'-(2H-benzotriazol-2' '-yl)-1,1,1-tris(4'-hydroxyphenyl)ethane or simply tris(hydroxyphenyl)ethane benzotriazole (THPE-BZT), that can be copolymerized with engineering plastic monomers has been synthesized in three steps. The compound has two solid forms, a hydrate and an anhydrous form. Surprisingly, the hydrated form is more soluble in organic solvents such as acetone. Infrared spectra reveal that the hydrated form loses water of hydration upon heating and then forms a coplanar ring structure with a strong intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB) between one benzotriazole nitrogen and the adjacent phenolic OH. The NMR and UV−vis spectra in less polar organic solvents are also in accordance with the IMHB structure of THPE-BZT. In polar organic solvents such as DMSO and DMF and in MeOH/water at pH >10, the IMHB is disrupted, and the disrupted form exists in equilibrium with the planar or nondisrupted form. However, THPE-BZT copolymerized into low molecular weight polysulfones and polycarbonates retains the planar IMHB structure, as indicated by the UV absorption peak at ∼335 nm. These copolymers have greater UV stability than those without any THPE-BZT because of dissipation of photon energy by molecular vibrational relaxation in the planar form. Also, polysulfone copolymers containing THPE-BZT in the range of 0.25−1.5 mol % have greater UV light stability than polysulfone containing additive-type UVLS such as 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'−t-octylphenyl)benzotriazole (Cyasorb 5411). For polycarbonates, preliminary results show that copolymers of THPE-BZT have UV-light stability comparable to or only slightly less than that of polycarbonates blended with Cyasorb 5411 or THPE-BZT as additives. But the copolymers should escape the problems of surface "blooming" and leaching by extraction experienced by noncopolymerized UVLS additives. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that THPE-BZT is more stable than the commercial benzotriazoles 2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole (Tinuvin P), Cyasorb 5411, and the industrial standard2-[2'-hydroxy-3',5'-bis (1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenyl]benzotriazole (Tinuvin 900)and therefore might offer superior performance, even as an additive.
Current status of auditory aging and anti‐aging research (2013)

The development of presbycusis, or age-related hearing loss, is determined by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The auditory periphery exhibits a progressive bilateral, symmetrical reduction of auditory sensitivity to sound from high to low frequencies. The central auditory nervous system shows symptoms of decline in age-related cognitive abilities, including difficulties in speech discrimination and reduced central auditory processing, ultimately resulting in auditory perceptual abnormalities. The pathophysiological mechanisms of presbycusis include excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, inflammation, aging and oxidative stress-induced DNA damage that results in apoptosis in the auditory pathway. However, the originating signals that trigger these mechanisms remain unclear. For instance, it is still unknown whether insulin is involved in auditory aging. Auditory aging has preclinical lesions, which manifest as asymptomatic loss of periphery auditory nerves and changes in the plasticity of the central auditory nervous system. Currently, the diagnosis of preclinical, reversible lesions depends on the detection of auditory impairment by functional imaging, and the identification of physiological and molecular biological markers. However, despite recent improvements in the application of these markers, they remain under-utilized in clinical practice. The application of antisenescent approaches to the prevention of auditory aging has produced inconsistent results. Future research will focus on the identification of markers for the diagnosis of preclinical auditory aging and the development of effective interventions.
Impact of random telegraph signals on V<inf>min</inf> in 45nm SRAM (2009)

An alternating-bias random telegraph signal (RTS) characterization technique is presented, which shortens measurement time by 10x and also produces more accurate statistical distributions of RTS amplitudes. Measurements of RTS amplitudes in 45nm SRAM transistor I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</inf> and cell write margin are reported and used to demonstrate a complex dependence of write margin on RTS in multiple transistors. Fail bit rate of SRAM with RTS is estimated using a statistical model populated by I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">write</inf> measurements. Statistical analysis indicates a V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</inf> degradation of less than 50 mV due to RTS.
Segmentation for 3-D display (of medical images) (1991)

The authors' work is concerned with the role of segmentation in preparing CT or MR datasets for 3-D display. Some widely used segmentation techniques-including spatial editing, tone scale transformations, and connectivity-based approaches-are first reviewed, and a novel data tagging scheme (permitting display-time selection of the output of any of the above techniques) is then presented.
High‐Affinity Choline Transport Sites: Use of [<sup>3</sup>H]Hemicholinium‐3 as a Quantitative Marker (1993)

High-affinity choline transport (HAChT), the rate-limiting and regulatory step in acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis, is selectively localized to cholinergic neurons. Hemicholinium-3 (HC3), a potent and selective inhibitor of HAChT, has been used as a specific radioligand to quantify HAChT sites in membrane binding and autoradiographic studies. Because both HAChT velocity and [3H]HC3 binding change as in vivo activity of cholinergic neurons is altered, these markers are also useful measures of cholinergic neuronal activity. Evidence that [3H]HC3 is a specific ligand for HAChT sites on cholinergic terminals is reviewed. The ion requirements of HAChT and [3H]HC3 binding indicate that sodium and chloride are required for recognition of both choline and [3H]HC3. A common recognition site is also indicated by the close correspondence of the potency of HC3 and choline analogues for inhibiting both HAChT and [3H]HC3 binding. The parallel regional distributions of both markers in adult brain, during development and after specific lesions, all indicate specific cholinergic localization. The close association of HAChT and [3H]HC3 binding sites is also supported by parallel regulatory changes occurring after in vivo drug treatments and in vitro depolarization. Overall, the data indicate a close association between HAChT and [3H]HC3 binding and are consistent with the sites being identical. Methodologic considerations in using [3H]HC3 as a ligand and considerations in interpretation of results are also discussed.
Molecular dielectrophoresis of biopolymers (1994)

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) has found wide applications in manipulations of micrometer-sized particles such as biological cells. However, it has been considered less effective for nanometer-sized particles such as biological macromolecules where DEP effects may be overwhelmed by Brownian motion. Here, the authors use the fluid integrated circuit (FIC) concept to fabricate micrometer-sized electrodes, with which a very high-intensity, steady-state, high-frequency field, over 1/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/m at 1 kHz to 10 MHz, is created. The observation of molecular DEP using avidin (68 kD) and other biopolymers is made, and it is found that DEP occurs at the field strength of 0.4-1.0/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/m, which is substantially lower than DEP theory predicts. As applications of molecular DEP, a novel molecular patterning method and "dielectrophoretic chromatography" are proposed. In the latter, biopolymer solution is moved through a high-intensity field region created in a FIC, and the polymer is analyzed and/or separated by the difference in the DEP attraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Linear parameter varying identification of ankle joint intrinsic stiffness during imposed walking movements (2013)

This paper describes a novel model structure and identification method for the time-varying, intrinsic stiffness of human ankle joint during imposed walking (IW) movements. The model structure is based on the superposition of a large signal, linear, time-invariant (LTI) model and a small signal linear-parameter varying (LPV) model. The methodology is based on a two-step algorithm; the LTI model is first estimated using data from an unperturbed IW trial. Then, the LPV model is identified using data from a perturbed IW trial with the output predictions of the LTI model removed from the measured torque. Experimental results demonstrate that the method accurately tracks the continuous-time variation of normal ankle intrinsic stiffness when the joint position changes during the IW movement. Intrinsic stiffness gain decreases from full plantarflexion to near the mid-point of plantarflexion and then increases substantially as the ankle is dosriflexed.
Titania-Supported Au and Pd Composites Synthesized from Dendrimer-Encapsulated Metal Nanoparticle Precursors (2004)

Two different approaches are compared for preparing titania-supported Au and Pd using dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticle (DENs) precursors. First, preformed dendrimer-encapsulated nanoparticles (1−2 nm in diameter) were deposited onto a commercial solid-oxide support via wetness impregnation. Second, the same DENs were incorporated into an amorphous titania network prepared using sol−gel chemistry. The latter approach is especially interesting, because in this case both the inside and the outside of the dendrimer act as templates: the exterior of the dendrimer templates pores within the sol−gel matrix, and the interior templates the metal nanoparticles. In all cases, the dendrimer can be removed by calcination to leave behind the metal nanoparticles. The wetness impregnation method leads to a 4-fold increase in the average Au nanoparticle size following calcination. Significantly, less than a 2-fold increase in particle size was found for the sol−gel approach.