gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Characterizing LEDs for general illumination applications: mixed-color and phosphor-based white sources</title> (2001)

The rapid development of high-brightness light emitting diodes (LEDs) has made this technology a potential candidate for architectural lighting applications. There are two distinct approaches for creating white light. The first is combining blue LEDs with a phosphor and the second is mixing monochromatic LEDs in appropriate proportions. This manuscript presents some of the critical issues involved in creating a good quality, stable white light source using the color mixture approach for LEDs. Some sample calculations for mixing different colored LEDs to obtain specific color appearance (CCT) and color rendering properties (CRI) are shown in this paper. Calculations show that the CRI values of mixed-color white LEDs can be changed significantly by shifting the wavelengths of the LEDs by a small amount. It is also shown that small amplitude and wavelength shifts can cause perceivable color differences in the mixed-color white LEDs. Therefore, circuits must be properly designed to power these types of white light sources so that they are acceptable for architectural lighting applications. Because the light output variation as a function of time at different drive currents was not readily available, an experiment was conducted to quantify the light output change as a function of time for red, green, blue and white 5-mm LEDs, at fiber different constant current values (20,30,40,50 and 50 mA). The light output of the different colored LEDs depreciated at different rates. The depreciation rates increased in the following order: red, green, blue, and white. Furthermore, the light output depreciation increased with increasing drive current. The red LEDs has the least amount of light output depreciation rate variation as function of drive current, green and blue LEDs ranked after that, and white LEDs had the most variation for the same drive current variation. A group of twelve new high-powered phosphor-based white LEDs were tested at their rated current, (which is much higher than 20 mA), and their light output depreciation rate was very much less compared to the 5-mm phosphor-based white LEDs operating at 20 mA. It appears that manufacturers have solved the excessive lumen depreciation issues faced by traditional white LEDs by packaging them differently and properly extracting the heat, and by using materials that do not degrade over time. This progress makes the LED technology a more promising candidate for architectural lighting applications.
Mask R-CNN and Optical Flow Based Method for Detection and Marking of Handball Actions (2018)

To build a successful supervised learning model for action recognition a large amount of training data needs to be labeled first. Labeling is normally done manually and it is a tedious and time-consuming task, especially in the case of video footage, when each individual athlete performing a given action should be labeled. To minimize the manual labor, we propose a Mask R-CNN and Optical flow based method to determine the active players who perform a given action among all players presented on the scene. The Mask R-CNN is a deep learning object recognition method used for player detection and optical flow measures player activity. Combining both methods ensures tracking and labeling of active players in handball video sequences. The method was successfully tested on a dataset of handball practice videos recorded in the wild.
The Effect of Acupuncture on Ankylosing Spondylitis (1986)

Journal Article The Effect of Acupuncture on Ankylosing Spondylitis Get access PAUL EMERY, PAUL EMERY Guy's HospitalLondon SE1 9RT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SIAN LYTHCOE SIAN LYTHCOE Guy's HospitalLondon SE1 9RT, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Rheumatology, Volume 25, Issue 1, February 1986, Pages 132–133, https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/25.1.132-a Published: 01 February 1986
Target-Dependent Churn Classification in Microblogs (2015)

We consider the problem of classifying micro-posts as churny or non-churny with respect to a given brand. Using Twitter data about three brands, we find that standard machine learning techniques clearly outperform keyword based approaches. However, the three machine learning techniques we employed (linear classification, support vector machines, and logistic regression) do not perform as well on churn classification as on other text classification problems. We investigate demographic, content, and context churn indicators in microblogs and examine factors that make this problem more challenging. Experimental results show an average F1 performance of 75% for target-dependent churn classification in microblogs.
Nobel Lecture: Passion for precision (2006)

DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/RevModPhys.78.1297*The 2005 Nobel Prize for Physics was shared by Roy J. Glauber, John L. Hall, and Theodor W. Hänsch. This lecture is the text of Dr. Hänsch's address on the occasion of the award.
The Kinematics of Wheat Struck by a Wind Gust (2000)

A nonlinear model of the kinematics of a wheat stalk struck by a wind gust is developed. Individual stalks were excited from each of many directions and observed by videophotography. The underdamped flexural response involved anisotropic circling motion that can be reproduced by a nonlinear system of ODEs. In the model, the horizontal path traveled by the grain mass is described in principal coordinates XI and XII. The four required constants are stiffnesses kI<kII in these directions, linear viscous damping ζ, and coupling strength β related to a torque imposed by wind drag. This stem torque can cause nonlinear coupling if both XI and XII are excited and if kI≠kII, such that damping can vary by 30 percent over each cycle. The directionality of the single stalk may promote interplant collision, which could have important integrated effects on crop behavior at larger size scales. [S0021-8936(00)02303-5]
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to determine the effects of topical insulin on wound healing. (2009)

Although the literature contains evidence demonstrating the beneficial effects of insulin on wound healing, no suitable method for the routine administration of insulin has been reported. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to determine the safety and efficacy of topical insulin on healing in 45 patients (29 men, mean age for both groups 40.62 years, range 12 to 71 years) with noninfected acute and chronic extremity wounds. Patients were randomly assigned to twice-daily topical application (spray) of 1 cc saline 0.9% for each 10 cm2 of wound with or without 10 units (0.1 cc) of insulin crystal and insulin. The endpoint was complete wound closure. Systemic glucose levels were measured before and 1 hour after treatment application. No patients developed signs or symptoms of hypoglycemia and glucose levels pre- and post-application did not differ significantly. Time to healing did not differ significantly between treatment groups. Healing rates were affected by baseline wound area, patient age, wound type (acute versus chronic), and treatment group. The mean rate of healing rate was 46.09 mm2/day in the treatment and 32.24 mm2/day in the control group (P = 0.029), independent of baseline wound size. In this study, the topical application of insulin was safe and effective. Clinical studies with a larger sample size and that include patients with diabetes mellitus are warranted.
A new topology for single phase UPS systems (2003)

A power converter topology suitable for online single-phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) systems is presented. The converter uses only four switches, five if a low-voltage battery and resonant link operation are required, to realize very desirable features. These include independent control of the input and output currents a common neutral connection, line conditioning, sinusoidal input currents independent of load current, and battery charge/discharge regulation. Detailed simulation results and experimental results are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solid Organ Transplant-Associated Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2010)

Solid organ transplant-associated graft-versus-host disease is an infrequent and potentially lethal complication. The incidence of this complication varies according to the type of organ transplant with higher rates associated with liver and small bowel transplants. The clinical presentation typically includes fever and skin rash, and most cases quickly advance to become a multisystem disease affecting the bone marrow and other nontransplanted solid organs. The diagnosis is based on the clinical symptoms, pathologic changes in biopsied tissues, and systemic lymphoid chimerism. The mortality of this disease can exceed 75% after liver transplant and most patients die from infections or hemorrhage due to bone marrow failure. There is no standard treatment strategy for this complication, and the management mainly consists of both prophylaxis and immediate treatment without delay. This short review summarizes the current pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this entity.
Effect of Bladder Volume, Gender and Body Position on the Shape and Position of the Urinary Bladder (2004)

No significant changes in the position or shape of the bladder were observed during changes in body position in young subjects, regardless of bladder volume or gender. However, changes in both parameters were found due to bladder filling.
Ultrastructural Study of Argyrosis of the Cornea and Conjunctiva (1974)

Electron-microscopical examinations were made of the conjunctiva and cornea of ocular argyrosis. The minute silver deposits were located intracellularly in the connective tissue of the conjunctiva and extracellularly in Descemet membrane of the cornea. The level of distribution of the silver grains in Descemet membrane suggests the time of onset and duration of exposure to silver salts.
Simple Hit-Metering and Usage-Limiting for HTTP (1997)

This document proposes a simple extension to HTTP, using a new Meter
header. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
Motion Based Pedestrian Recognition (2008)

This paper proposed a method for discriminating pedestrians from rigid objects in a video. The methodis a motion-based recognition of moving objects. This method is motivated by the assumptions that human beings are non-rigid and their movements are periodic. Moving objects and their skeletons are extracted. The motion cue is determined by the angle formed by the centroid point and the two bottom end points at object’s skeleton. The histogram of the cue over a time period is used to determine if the object is pedestrian or not. This cue does not require any pre-built models. Neither does it need Fourier Transform to obtain the cycle of the objects. The proposed method is computation inexpensive, and it can be used for realtime video surveillance.
Effects of α‐Glucosidase Inhibition and Viscous Fibre on Diabetic Control and Postprandial Gut Hormone Responses (1990)

Twelve sulphonylurea-treated Type 2 diabetic patients underwent treatment for 2-week periods with the absorbable alpha-glucosidase inhibitor BAY m1099 (50 mg thrice daily) and with guar granules (5 g thrice daily) separately and together in a sequence-randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. BAY m1099 and guar reduced the mean fasting plasma glucose from 10.0 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1 to 8.7 +/- 0.5 (p less than 0.05) and 8.3 +/- 0.7 mmol l-1 (p less than 0.01), respectively. Both agents also lowered home-monitored postprandial blood glucose, with BAY m1099 exerting the greater effect. Guar, but not BAY m1099, lowered serum cholesterol from 5.43 +/- 0.52 to 5.29 +/- 0.31 mmol l-1 (p less than 0.05). BAY m1099 reduced the test breakfast plasma responses of glucose (p less than 0.001) and gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP, p less than 0.01) and increased those of peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (p less than 0.05) and motilin (p less than 0.01). Guar also reduced plasma glucose concentrations after a test breakfast (p less than 0.05) and increased the response of neurotensin (p less than 0.05). Combining treatments gave no further reduction of postprandial blood glucose concentration and was associated with an increased incidence and severity of gastrointestinal side-effects.
Range-free sensor localisation with ring overlapping based on comparison of received signal strength indicator (2007)

Sensor localisation has become an essential requirement for many applications over wireless sensor networks. Radio irregularity and stringent constraints on hardware cost and battery power, however, make localisation very challenging. Range-based localisation depends on special-purpose hardware for direct measurement of the distance to reference points. Range-free localisation, in contrast, does not depend on absolute point-to-point distance measurement and thus does not require extra hardware. We present a range-free localisation method using Ring-Overlapping based on Comparison of Received Signal Strength Indicator (ROCRSSI). We test its performance with a small network of MICA2 Motes and with simulation for large-scale networks. Compared to one of the best existing range-free localisation algorithms, ROCRSSI exhibits better localisation accuracy and other good features such as smaller communication overhead and resilience to radio irregularity.
Designs of precoding for LTE TDD using cell specific reference signals (2010)

We design non-codebook-based Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) precoding schemes using multiple cell-specific reference signals patterns for the time division duplex (TDD) mode of LTE, where channel reciprocity can be exploited. Previously proposed non-codebook-based precoding schemes typically use UE specific reference signals for demodulation. Cell specific reference signals are however always allocated for the transmission of common control signalling, mobility measurements and downlink channel quality measurements. In order to save the resources occupied by UE specific reference signals, and to simplify UE implementation, a precoder-estimation scheme and a codebook-assisted scheme are designed. The codebook-assisted scheme has the novelty of using a codebook in equalization. Link throughput simulations indicate that the codebook-assisted scheme is preferable compared to the precoder-estimation scheme and the scheme using UE specific reference signals in scenarios with moderate UE velocity.
DeepHit: A Deep Learning Approach to Survival Analysis With Competing Risks (2018)

Survival analysis (time-to-event analysis) is widely used in economics and finance, engineering, medicine and many other areas. A fundamental problem is to understand the relationship between the covariates and the (distribution of) survival times(times-to-event). Much of the previous work has approached the problem by viewing the survival time as the first hitting time of a stochastic process, assuming a specific form for the underlying stochastic process, using available data to learn the relationship between the covariates and the parameters of the model, and then deducing the relationship between covariates and the distribution of first hitting times (the risk). However, previous models rely on strong parametric assumptions that are often violated. This paper proposes a very different approach to survival analysis, DeepHit, that uses a deep neural network to learn the distribution of survival times directly.DeepHit makes no assumptions about the underlying stochastic process and allows for the possibility that the relationship between covariates and risk(s) changes over time. Most importantly, DeepHit smoothly handles competing risks; i.e. settings in which there is more than one possible event of interest.Comparisons with previous models on the basis of real and synthetic datasets demonstrate that DeepHit achieves large and statistically significant performance improvements over previous state-of-the-art methods.
Nonsegmental Factors in Foreign Accent (1995)

Untrained native English listeners assigned foreign accent scores to sentence and narrative utterances that had been rendered unintelligible through low-pass filtering. Utterances produced by native English talkers were assigned consistently higher ratings than those produced by Mandarin-speaking learners of English, even when the listeners were unfamiliar with the content. Because these filtered speech stimuli contained very little of what could be considered segmental information, the results suggest that untrained listeners can identify foreign-accented speech on the basis of nonsegmental information alone, whether they are presented with material of known or of unknown content. Acoustical analyses of the stimuli suggested that differences in speaking rates, intonation patterns, and timing may have played a role in the listeners' assessments, although the cues to foreign-accentedness may have varied from talker to talker and from utterance to utterance. Surprisingly, no relationship was observed between the ratings of the filtered and unfiltered versions of the nonnative stimuli.
Development of a Natural Gas-Fired, Ultra-Low NOx Can Combustor for an 800 KW Gas Turbine (1991)

The experimental results from the rig testing of an ultra-low NOx, natural gas-fired combustor for an 800 to 1000 kw gas turbine are presented. The combustor employed lean-premixed combustion to reduce NOx emissions and variable geometry to extend the range over which low emissions were obtained. Testing was conducted using natural gas and methanol. Testing at combustor pressures up to 6 atmospheres showed that ultra-low NOx emissions could be achieved from full load down to approximately 70% load through the combination of lean-premixed combustion and variable primary zone airflow.
<i>In Vitro</i> Performance Characteristics of High-Frequency Oscillatory Ventilators (2001)

This study aimed to examine the performance characteristics of four high-frequency oscillatory-type ventilators, using an in vitro model of the intubated neonatal respiratory system. Each ventilator was examined across its operative range of settings and at varying model lung compliance (C) and resistance. The oscillatory pressure waveform was measured at the airway opening (Pao). Tidal volume (VT) and flow were determined from pressure changes within the model lung (DeltaPA). The spectral content of the Pao waveform differed between ventilators. The maximum ventilator VT ranged from 3.7 to 11.1 ml at 15 Hz and a mean airway pressure (Paw) of 12 cm H(2)O to oscillate a model lung (C = 0.4 ml/cm H(2)O) through a 3.0-mm internal diameter (i.d.) endotracheal tube (ETT). A small drop in C was associated with a decrease in VT and marked increase in DeltaPA from 0.1 to 0.8 ml/cm H(2)O. The influence of C on VT and DeltaPA and the pressure cost of ventilation (DeltaPA/f.VT(2)) was dependent on the oscillatory frequency, ETT inner diameter, and the specific ventilator used. Substantive differences exist between oscillatory ventilators that need to be considered in their clinical application. The rapid establishment of optimal lung volume and oscillatory frequency is important in minimizing barotrauma during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation.
Experimental characterization and modeling of a water-cooled server cabinet (2014)

Water-cooled server racks are typically closed cabinets, so no heat load is removed by the room cooling system in a raised floor data center. Instead, the cooling is provided by a closed system employing an air-water (fin-tube) heat exchanger. This kind of heat exchanger uses chilled water from a central plant, and there is the potential of using the waste heat that is returned. The goal of this study is characterize a specific sealed-door, water-cooled server cabinet under steady state and transient operation. The experimental part of the study is being performed on a Knurr CoolThermTM® rack. In this cabinet, the water/air heat exchanger is located at the bottom. Cooling air is circulated by three rear door mounted fans, the cooled air flows upward in front of the servers. The specific cabinet being tested has the capability to handle 25 kW and has a 30% cooling system energy efficiency. In the experiments, 16 1U servers and a 9U load bank are employed for generating a heat load. Over 100 thermocouples are used to monitor air temperature within different parts of the cabinet. The operating conditions monitored include: water flow rate, water inlet temperature, air flow rate through the servers, air flow rate through the heat exchanger, air temperatures and server power. The internal temperature of the servers is also monitored. From the measured data, the effectiveness is calculated for four different water flow rates and different power dissipation levels. Computational modeling of the air flow and heat transfer in a simplified model of the cabinet is also performed.
TMSCl mediated highly efficient one-pot synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone and 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives (2007)

A simple, efficient and cost-effective method for the synthesis of octahydroquinazolinone and 1,8-dioxo-octahydroxanthene derivatives by a one-pot cyclocondensation of dimedone and aldehydes, with and without urea or thiourea respectively in the presence of Trimethylsilyl chloride (TMSCl) in MeCN/DMF has been described.
“RCL-Pooling Assay”: A Simplified Method for the Detection of Replication-Competent Lentiviruses in Vector Batches Using Sequential Pooling (2016)

Nonreplicative recombinant HIV-1-derived lentiviral vectors (LV) are increasingly used in gene therapy of various genetic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancer. Before they are used in humans, preparations of LV must undergo extensive quality control testing. In particular, testing of LV must demonstrate the absence of replication-competent lentiviruses (RCL) with suitable methods, on representative fractions of vector batches. Current methods based on cell culture are challenging because high titers of vector batches translate into high volumes of cell culture to be tested in RCL assays. As vector batch size and titers are continuously increasing because of the improvement of production and purification methods, it became necessary for us to modify the current RCL assay based on the detection of p24 in cultures of indicator cells. Here, we propose a practical optimization of this method using a pairwise pooling strategy enabling easier testing of higher vector inoculum volumes. These modifications significantly decrease material handling and operator time, leading to a cost-effective method, while maintaining optimal sensibility of the RCL testing. This optimized "RCL-pooling assay" ameliorates the feasibility of the quality control of large-scale batches of clinical-grade LV while maintaining the same sensitivity.