gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Variety of Soybean Seeds and Processing of Soy Milk on the Isoflavone Content of Tofu (2003)

Soy milks were produced by the heat-squeezing method and the non heat-squeezing method from four varieties of soybean seeds, Suzuyutaka, Tohoku 126, Tohoku 135 (variety lacking lipoxygenase activity), and Tohoku 139 (variety containing small amount of allergen). Contents of isoflavone and relating compounds were then compared to find the processing way of soy milk containing large amounts of isoflavone. (1) Large amounts of isoflavone were detected in the seed of Tohoku 126 and the content was 437mg / 100g seed. While the isoflavone content in the seed of Tohoku 139 was only 107mg / 100g seed. (2) Most of isoflavone in the soybean seeds was malonyl type, and malonylgenistin was the most predominant isoflavone. Ratio of malonyl type in total isoflavone in the soybean seeds was 66.7-91.6%, and that of aglycon type was only 0.82.5%. (3) Total isoflavone content in soy milk varied with the varieties of soybean seed, and its content in each soy milk was 1 / 6-1 / 8 as much as in the corresponding soybean seed. Isoflavone content in soy milk (Y) and that in soybean (X) were correlated with 1% level of significance under the formula of y = 0.1348x + 0.5626 (r = 0.993). (4) Total isoflavone content in Tofu confected by the heat-squeezing method from whole soybean and hulled soybean was higher than that in Tofu by the non heat-squeezing method. (5) When soy milk was produced by the heat-squeezing method from whole soybean and hulled soybean, isoflavone in soy milk from whole soybean was efficiently extracted after adding water until six-fold volume of soybean used as materials. Total isoflavone content in soy milk from hulled soybean increased in response to the volume of adding water. Total isoflavone content in Okara milk from hulled soybean was not changed by the volume of additional water. (6) Ratio of the content of malonyl type, glycosyl type, and aglycon type of isoflavone in Tofu from whole soybean and hulled soybean confected by the heat-squeezing method and the non heat-squeezing method was almost the same. (7) Contents of protein and solid matter in Tofu produced from Okara milk were higher than that in Tofu from whole soybean and hulled soybean. Moreover, dietary fiber was detected in the Okara Tofu.
Iterative aperture mask design in phase space using a rank constraint (2010)

We present an iterative camera aperture design procedure, which determines an optimal mask pattern based on a sparse set of desired intensity distributions at different focal depths. This iterative method uses the ambiguity function as a tool to shape the camera's response to defocus, and shares conceptual similarities with phase retrieval procedures. An analysis of algorithm convergence is presented, and experimental examples are shown to demonstrate the flexibility of the design process. This algorithm potentially ties together previous disjointed PSF design approaches under a common framework, and offers new insights for the creation of future application-specific imaging systems.
Regulation of GABAA receptor channels by anticonvulsant and convulsant drugs and by phosphorylation. (1992)

The GABAA receptor channel is a highly regulated receptor. The function of the receptor may be modified by drugs which alter the rates of binding of GABA, modify the gating of the channel or block the channel. It is also likely that phosphorylation of the receptor subunits modifies the biophysical properties, stability or assembly of the receptor. While GABAergic inhibition plays a major role in the regulation of neuronal excitability, a role for altered GABAergic inhibition in the pathogenesis of epilepsy remains to be proven. The demonstration that GABAA receptors are composed of multiple subunits and that the properties and pharmacology of GABAA receptors are different for different subunit combinations suggests that GABAA receptor heterogeneity may be of importance in determining the properties of GABAergic inhibition in different regions of the nervous system. While it is clear that GABAA receptor heterogeneity is present in the nervous system, a role for receptor heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of epilepsy remains uncertain. GABAA receptor heterogeneity may have implications for the treatment of epilepsy. It is quite possible that drugs which regulate GABAergic function may have variable efficacy in different regions of the nervous system due to expression of receptors with subunits that have different sensitivity to allosteric regulators. Furthermore, it is likely that there are developmental changes in the stoichiometry or subunit composition of GABAA receptors rendering the developing nervous system more or less sensitive to the effects of GABAergic anticonvulsant drugs. In addition to the heterogeneous expression of GABAA receptors, other issues concerning the regulation of GABAergic function are of potential importance. The regulatory events that control the expression of specific receptor subtypes and levels of GABA receptors are unknown. The post-translational events that regulate GABAA receptor function are uncertain. It is possible that post-translational regulation of GABAA receptors by phosphorylation may contribute to altered GABAA receptor function in epilepsy. To understand the role of GABAA receptor heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of epilepsy will require the combination of biophysical and molecular biological techniques. It will be important to determine not only whether the properties of GABAA receptors have been altered in a specific form of epilepsy, but also whether gene expression has been altered.
Identification of an Additional Interaction Domain in Transmembrane Domains 11 and 12 That Supports Oligomer Formation in the Human Serotonin Transporter (2004)

Na+/Cl--dependent neurotransmitter transporters form constitutive oligomers. The topological arrangement is not known, but a leucine heptad repeat in transmembrane domain (TM) 2 and a glycophorin-like motif in TM6 have been proposed to stabilize the oligomer. To determine the topology, we generated versions of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) that carried cyan or yellow fluorescent proteins at their amino and/or carboxyl terminus. Appropriate pairs were coexpressed to measure fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Donor photobleaching FRET microscopy was employed to deduce the following arrangement: within the monomer, the amino and carboxyl termini are in close vicinity. In addition, in the oligomer, the carboxyl termini are closer to each other than the amino termini. Hence, a separate interaction domain (i.e. distinct from TM2 and TM6) must reside in the carboxyl-terminal half of hSERT. This was confirmed by expressing the amino- and carboxyl-terminal halves of hSERT. These were retained intracellularly; they also retained the coexpressed full-length transporter by forming export-deficient oligomers and, when cotransfected in all possible combinations, supported FRET. Hence, both the carboxyl and amino termini contain elements that drive oligomerization. By employing fragments comprising two neighboring TM helices, we unequivocally identified TM11/12 as a new contact site by donor photobleaching FRET and beta-lactamase protein fragment complementation assay. TM1/2 was also found to self-associate. Thus, oligomerization of hSERT involves at least two discontinuous interfaces. The currently identified interaction sites drive homophilic interactions. This is consistent with assembly of SERT oligomers in an array-like structure containing multimers of dimers.
A one-day chip: an innovative IC construction approach using electrically reconfigurable logic VLSI with on-chip programmable interconnections (1986)

A new custom IC design methodology and the associated logic VLSI chip, which offer an ultimately fast turnaround-time logic IC construction method, are proposed. The chip contains various kinds of logic functional blocks, such as inverters, NORs, NANDs, flip-flops, shift registers, counters, adders, multiplexers, and ALUs. Up to 200 SSI/MSI standard logic blocks can be provided. The E/SUP 2/PROM-type MOSFET switch matrix is adjacent to the functional blocks, in order to connect any output to specific inputs of the functional blocks. It also offers a ready-to-test aid, obtained by monitoring the signal waveform developed inside the chip. These features have the advantage over the present custom IC design methods (gate array, standard cell, silicon compiler, programmable logic array) that the designer can easily redesign the logic to obtain a digital system in an IC in a single day.
Navigation of Deep Submersibles in Close Search (1970)

Close search of a limited area of the sea floor for small objects is best performed by a manned submersible using a moored transponder/sonar system providing accurate range and bearing to a reference point initially established by a surface support vessel. Lockheed's Deep Quest performed such a search in January and February of 1969 to locate and recover equipment from the commercial airlines Douglas DC-8 and the Boeing 727 which had crashed in Santa Monica Bay. Deep Quest's mission was limited to the retrieval of specified objects needed for the safety analysis of the causes of the crashes. Problems, equipment, and procedures used in the successful accomplishment of two needle-in-a-haystack assignments are discussed.
Insurance Premium Prediction via Gradient Tree-Boosted Tweedie Compound Poisson Models (2015)

The Tweedie GLM is a widely used method for predicting insurance premiums. However, the structure of the logarithmic mean is restricted to a linear form in the Tweedie GLM, which can be too rigid for many applications. As a better alternative, we propose a gradient tree-boosting algorithm and apply it to Tweedie compound Poisson models for pure premiums. We use a profile likelihood approach to estimate the index and dispersion parameters. Our method is capable of fitting a flexible nonlinear Tweedie model and capturing complex interactions among predictors. A simulation study confirms the excellent prediction performance of our method. As an application, we apply our method to an auto insurance claim data and show that the new method is superior to the existing methods in the sense that it generates more accurate premium predictions, thus helping solve the adverse selection issue. We have implemented our method in a user-friendly R package that also includes a nice visualization tool for interpreting the fitted model.
<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>strain MA01 aerobically metabolizes the aminodinitrotoluenes produced by 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene nitro group reduction (1995)

Many microbes reduce the nitro substituents of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), producing aminodinitrotoluenes (ADNTs). These compounds are recalcitrant to further breakdown and are acutely toxic. In a search for organisms capable of metabolizing ADNTs, a bacterial strain was isolated for the ability to use 2-aminobenzoate (anthranilate) as sole C-source. This isolate, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MA01, metabolized TNT by first reducing one nitro group to form either 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2ADNT) or 4-amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4ADNT). However, strain MA01 was distinct from other TNT-reducing organisms in that it transformed these compounds into highly polar metabolites through an O2-dependent process. Strain MA01 was able to cometabolize TNT, 2ADNT, and 4ADNT in the presence of a variety of carbon and energy sources. During aerobic cometabolism with succinate, 45% of uniformly ring-labeled [14C]TNT was transformed to highly polar compounds. Aerobic cometabolism of purified [14C]2ADNT and [14C]4ADNT with succinate as C-source produced similar amounts of these polar metabolites. During O2-limited cometabolism with succinate as C-source and nitrate as electron acceptor, less than 8% of the [14C]TNT was transformed to polar metabolites. Purified 2,6-diamino-4-nitrotoluene was not metabolized, and while 2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene was acetylated, the product (N-acetyl-2,4-diamino-6-nitrotoluene) was not further metabolized. Therefore, strain MA01 metabolized TNT by oxidation of the ADNTs and not by reduction the remaining nitro groups on the ADNTs.
Vulkanische Fallablagerungen (1993)

Der leuchtende Sonnenschein Anfang Juni reichte fast aus, um die Bewohner der abgelegenen Insel Kodiak die Kälte und Dunkelheit des alaskischen Winters, der gerade zu Ende gegangen war, vergessen zu lassen. Abgesehen von ein paar Erdbeben, die in einem vulkanischen Land nichts Ungewöhnliches sind, waren die «Sonnenhunde» (Sonnenringe) die einzigen Zeichen für die Inselbewohner, daß Unheil drohte. Im Verlauf des Tages schien die Helligkeit des Himmels abzunehmen, und obwohl der Juni eigentlich der Monat der Mitternachtssonne ist, verdunkelte der Himmel sich alarmierend.
Subwavelength optical lithography (1999)

We review the implications of subwavelength optical lithography for new tools and flows in the interface between layout design and mtiufacturability. After discussing the necessity of corrections for optical process effects (i.e., use of optical proximity correction (OPC) and phase-shifting masks (PSM)), we focus on the implications of OPC and PSM for layout and verification methodologies. Our discussion addresses the necessary changes in the design-tomanufacturing 5ow, including infrastructure development in the mask and process communities as well as opportunities for research and development in physical layout and verification.
Porosity and permeability prediction from wireline logs using artificial neural networks: a North Sea case study (2001)

Estimations of porosity and permeability from well logs are important yet difficult tasks encountered in geophysical formation evaluation and reservoir engineering. Motivated by recent results of artificial neural network (ANN) modelling offshore eastern Canada, we have developed neural nets for converting well logs in the North Sea to porosity and permeability. We use two separate back‐propagation ANNs (BP‐ANNs) to model porosity and permeability. The porosity ANN is a simple three‐layer network using sonic, density and resistivity logs for input. The permeability ANN is slightly more complex with four inputs (density, gamma ray, neutron porosity and sonic) and more neurons in the hidden layer to account for the increased complexity in the relationships. The networks, initially developed for basin‐scale problems, perform sufficiently accurately to meet normal requirements in reservoir engineering when applied to Jurassic reservoirs in the Viking Graben area. The mean difference between the predicted porosity and helium porosity from core plugs is less than 0.01 fractional units. For the permeability network a mean difference of approximately 400 mD is mainly due to minor core‐log depth mismatch in the heterogeneous parts of the reservoir and lack of adequate overburden corrections to the core permeability. A major advantage is that no a priori knowledge of the rock material and pore fluids is required. Real‐time conversion based on measurements while drilling (MWD) is thus an obvious application.
Slaves, Spices, and Ivory in Zanzibar: Integration of an East African Commercial Empire into the World Economy, 1770-1873 (1989)

The rise of Zanzibar was based on two major economic transformations. Firstly slaves became used for producing cloves and grains for export. Previously the slaves themselves were exported. Secondly, there was an increased international demand for luxuries such as ivory. At the same time the price of imported manufactured gods was falling. Zanzibar took advantage of its strategic position to trade as far as the Great Lakes. However this very economic success increasingly subordinated Zanzibar to Britain, with its anti-slavery crusade and its control over the Indian merchant class. Professor Sheriff analyses the early stages of the underdevelopment of East Africa and provides a corrective to the dominance of political and diplomatic factors in the history of the area.
Dynamic Combinatorial Libraries of Dye Complexes as Sensors (2005)

A simple solution: Simply dissolving three commercially available dyes and two metal salts in a buffer is sufficient to create a sensor which allows the identification of dipeptides with high selectivity by using UV/Vis spectroscopy (see picture for the adaptive behaviour of a dynamic mixture of colored compounds A–H).
Comprehensive Enhanced Digestion Evaluations at Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant (2009)

Comprehensive Enhanced Digestion Evaluations at Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment PlantThe District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority (DCWASA) has undertaken a long-term study to evaluate the performance and operational aspects of various sludge digestion alternatives. While the initial goal of this study was to determine an appropriate digestion technology for Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant, the outcome has been an increased awareness of the fundamental...Author(s)Christopher A. WilsonJohn T. NovakSudhir N. MurthyWalter F. BaileySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 14 - Pre-Digestion ConditioningDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:3L.887;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793846745Volume / Issue2009 / 3Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)887 - 898Copyright2009Word count236Subject keywordsAerobic digestionanaerobic digestionbiosolids odornitrogenreactor stagingretention timesludge minimization
A Contingency Model for the Selection of Decision Strategies (1978)

A model hypothesizes why decision makers choose different decision strategies in dealing with different decision problems. Given the motivation to choose the strategy which requires the least investment for a satisfactory solution, the choice of strategy should depend upon the type of problem, the surrounding environment, and the personal characteristics of the decision maker.
Protection of the bovine fetus from bovine viral diarrhoea virus by means of a new inactivated vaccine (1995)

A model is described for the validation of vaccines designed to protect the bovine fetus from bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV). The fetopathic nature of the challenge strain of virus was confirmed and the method used to test a commercial vaccine (Bovidec) developed from a Compton prototype. Heifers were vaccinated two or three times about the time of impregnation and challenged when they were between 25 and 80 days of gestation. There was no evidence of a viraemia in the heifers after the challenge, or of infection with BVDV of 13 liveborn calves or two aborted fetuses.
Recovery of high-value metals from geothermal sites by biosorption and bioaccumulation (2014)

Generation of geothermal energy is associated with a significant amount of geothermal fluids, which may be abundant in high-value metals, such as lithium, cesium, rubidium, and other precious and rare earth metals. The recovery of high-value metals from geothermal fluids would thus have both economic and environmental benefits. The conventional technologies applied to achieve this are mostly physicochemical, which may be energy intensive, pose the risk of secondary pollution whilst being inefficient in recovering metals from dilute solutions. Biological methods, based on biosorption or bioaccumulation, have recently emerged as alternative approaches, as they are more environmentally friendly, cost effective, and suitable for treating wastewater with dilute metal contents. This article provides a comprehensive review of the related biological technologies used to recover the high-value metals present in geothermal fluids as well as critical discussion on the key issues that are often used to evaluate the effectiveness of those methods.
Spectinomycin chemistry. 1. Characterization of a 5a,9a-epi-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin derivative (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectinomycin chemistry. 1. Characterization of a 5a,9a-epi-4(R)-dihydrospectinomycin derivativeLouise Foley and Manfred WeigeleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 22, 4355–4359Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00416a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00416a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early diagnosis of familial nephropathy in English cocker spaniels (1998)

Two litters of English cocker spaniels (ECSs) produced by familial nephropathy (FN) carriers were evaluated to characterize the early features of this disease. Three puppies developed FN. Proteinuria, which began when these puppies were five-to-eight months old, was the first abnormality detected. Proteinuria persisted while each puppy's growth rate slowed, and renal function gradually deteriorated. The interval from onset of proteinuria to development of azotemia was two-to-nine months. Characteristic glomerular capillary basement membrane (GCBM) lesions were seen with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of renal biopsy specimens obtained during this interval. Ultrastructural GCBM lesions progressed substantially during the interval from biopsy to necropsy. However, routine light microscopic findings did not allow definitive diagnosis of FN in either biopsy or necropsy specimens. Detection of FN can be accomplished by screening at-risk ECSs for proteinuria. Renal biopsies are required to confirm the diagnosis in dogs for which proteinuria cannot be explained otherwise. Percutaneous needle biopsy specimens sufficient for TEM must be used to examine the GCBM to make a definitive diagnosis.