gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The principles, practices and some future applications of near infrared spectroscopy for predicting the nutritive value of foods for animals and humans (1997)

The current application and future potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy in the evaluation of foods for domesticated animals and humans is enormous. Where used, NIR spectroscopy has revolutionized the analysis and nutritional evaluation of animal feeds and human foods by providing a rapid means of examination. The availability of accurate and rapid methods of evaluation is becoming increasingly important to meet the nutritional requirements of animals for meat, milk, wool and egg production. This is essential for efficient and economic animal production, to maintain animal health and to minimize environmental impact. Accurate evaluation methods are also needed in relation to national and international legislation that regulates the circulation, trade and inspection of foods and feeds, aids effective functioning of the market and guards the safety of animals and humans. The aim of this review is to outline the theory and principles of NIR spectroscopy and to focus primarily on its application in the field of animal nutrition. The vital role NIR spectroscopy is playing in the prediction of biologically meaningful feed characteristics, including data derived in vivo, is demonstrated particularly through its application to forage evaluation, but also in the examination of raw materials and compound feeds. While the applications of NIR spectroscopy to different foods and drinks are extensive, this review gives an overview only of selected reported applications including its use for predicting nutritive value (mainly water, protein, fat, sucrose and starch content), monitoring food processing and for food authentication. The review provides clear evidence that the future application of NIR spectroscopy will undoubtedly increase, playing a vital role in the authentication of the quality and origin of foods and feeds and enabling the complex methods of feed evaluation required in the future to be put into widespread use.
Gene signature-based prediction of tumor response to cyclophosphamide. (2007)

Cyclophosphamide (CY) is a clinically used cytotoxic agent that is effective in a wide range of tumor types including breast and small cell lung cancers. However, by far not all patients benefit from CY therapy. We used patient tumor explants grown in nude mice as an experimental model system to identify a gene signature that, based on a tumor's gene expression profile, predicts its CY response. Forty-nine human tumor xenografts of different histologies were defined as the training set. Correlation of the gene expression profiles of untreated tumors to the sensitivity of the same tumors to CY led to the identification of 129 transcripts as predictive biomarkers for CY response. Interestingly, the products of 12 of these genes were known to interact at least indirectly with CY. A leave-one-out cross-validation approach led to a correct prediction of the CY response of the training set tumors in 15 out of 18 cases (83%) as compared to a response rate of 18 out of 49 (32%), following random testing. For an independent set of 25 previously untested tumors with known gene expression profiles (validation set) CY sensitivity was predicted correctly for 6 out of 8 tumors (75%), and CY resistance for 15 out of 17 tumors (88%). In comparison, random testing of the same tumors resulted in a response rate of 8 out of 25 (32%). For the same 25 tumors, the median minimum T/C value for predicted responders was 1% as compared to 49% for predicted non-responders. Finally, for tumor types considered as CY sensitive such as small cell lung and breast cancers as well as melanoma, the combined real and predicted response rates for 37 tested and 26 untested tumors was 49%. In contrast, for tumor types considered as CY resistant, including colon and renal cancer, the combined real and predicted response rate for 37 tested and 75 untested tumors was only 13%. Taken together, we identified a gene signature that can predict tumor response to CY and warrants clinical validation.
Effects of pulsatile delivery of insulin and glucagon in humans (1989)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the respective effects of continuous intravenous delivery of both insulin and glucagon compared with those of pulsatile insulin (and continuous glucagon), pulsatile glucagon (and continuous insulin) and both hormones administered in a pulsatile manner (but out of phase) on various parameters of glucose turnover. The study was performed on six healthy male volunteers submitted to a 325-min glucose-controlled glucose intravenous infusion using the Biostator. The endogenous secretion of pancreatic hormones was inhibited by somatostatin (2 micrograms/min). Four combinations of continuous and pulsatile infusions of insulin and glucagon were performed on different days and in random order. The amounts of hormone infused were identical in all instances and were 0.2 mU.kg-1.min-1 (continuous insulin), 67 ng/min (continuous glucagon), 1.3 mU.kg-1.min-1 and 435 ng/min with a switching on-off length of 2-11 min (for intermittent insulin and glucagon delivery, respectively). In the case of pulsatile administration of both hormones, the pulses of insulin and glucagon were given out of phase with a 6-min interval. Blood glucose levels and glucose infusion rate were monitored continuously by the Biostator, and classic methodology using a D-[3-3H]glucose infusion allowed to study glucose turnover. When compared with pulsatile insulin and continuous glucagon, pulsatile glucagon and continuous insulin were characterized by a significantly higher endogenous (hepatic) glucose production. When both insulin and glucagon were delivered in a pulsatile manner, the effect of pulsatile glucagon was predominant, maintaining a high endogenous glucose production. Under no circumstance was an effect on glucose utilization or clearance detected. This study demonstrates that pulsatile delivery of insulin or glucagon in humans has greater effects in modulating endogenous glucose production than continuous infusion. Furthermore, when both insulin and glucagon are delivered intermittently and out of phase, the stimulatory effect of glucagon on endogenous glucose production prevails over the inhibitory effect of insulin.
Human Common Salivary Protein 1 (CSP-1) Promotes Binding of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> to Experimental Salivary Pellicle and Glucans Formed on Hydroxyapatite Surface (2010)

The saliva proteome includes host defense factors and specific bacterial-binding proteins that modulate microbial growth and colonization of the tooth surface in the oral cavity. A multidimensional mass spectrometry approach identified the major host-derived salivary proteins that interacted with Streptococcus mutans (strain UA159), the primary microorganism associated with the pathogenesis of dental caries. Two abundant host proteins were found to tightly bind to S. mutans cells, common salivary protein-1 (CSP-1) and deleted in malignant brain tumor 1 (DMBT1, also known as salivary agglutinin or gp340). In contrast to gp340, limited functional information is available on CSP-1. The sequence of CSP-1 shares 38.1% similarity with rat CSP-1. Recombinant CSP-1 (rCSP-1) protein did not cause aggregation of S. mutans cells and was devoid of any significant biocidal activity (2.5 to 10 μg/mL). However, S. mutans cells exposed to rCSP-1 (10 μg/mL) in saliva displayed enhanced adherence to experimental salivary pellicle and to glucans in the pellicle formed on hydroxyapatite surfaces. Thus, our data demonstrate that the host salivary protein CSP-1 binds to S. mutans cells and may influence the initial colonization of this pathogenic bacterium onto the tooth surface.
Ventilator-induced lung injury (2003)

During mechanical ventilation, high end-inspiratory lung volume (whether it be because of large tidal volume (VT) and/or high levels of positive end-expiratory pressure) results in a permeability type pulmonary oedema, called ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). Previous injury sensitises lung to mechanical ventilation. This experimental concept has recently received a resounding clinical illustration after a 22% reduction of mortality was observed in acute respiratory distress syndrome patients whose VT had been reduced. In addition, it has been suggested that repetitive opening and closing of distal units at low lung volume could induce lung injury but this notion has been challenged both conceptually and clinically after the negative results of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome clinical Network Assessment of Low tidal Volume and Elevated end-expiratory volume to Obviate Lung Injury (ARDSNet ALVEOLI) study. Experimentally and clinically, involvement of inflammatory cytokines in VILI has not been unequivocally demonstrated. Cellular response to mechanical stretch has been increasingly investigated, both on the epithelial and the endothelial side. Lipid membrane trafficking has been thought to be a means by which cells respond to stress failure. Alterations in the respiratory system pressure/volume curve during ventilator-induced lung injury that include decrease in compliance and position of the upper inflection point are due to distal obstruction of airways that reduce aerated lung volume. Information from this curve could help avoid potentially harmful excessive tidal volume reduction.
Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in synovial fibroblasts is induced by hypoxia and interleukin 1beta. (1997)

Under hypoxia or IL-1 stimulation, conditions common to the inflamed synovium, type B synoviocytes secrete increased levels of VEGF, which is likely to act on nearby endothelia, promoting angiogenesis. The constitutive expression of VEGF in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts may reflect an altered phenotype involved in the pathology of RA.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of castor oil: An approach for rate enhancement and enzyme economy (2005)

Lipase has been used to catalyze the hydrolysis of castor oil. The effect of solvent, temperature, pH and the enzyme concentration on the rate of reaction has been investigated. The rate of reaction could be considerably improved by modifying the reaction protocol with the help of addition of a solvent. The amount of enzyme used for the reaction was found to increase the rate of reaction in a logarithmic relation. By optimizing the enzyme addition protocol, the total amount of enzyme required for the reaction could significantly be reduced.
On the mechanics of natural compliance in frictional contacts and its effect on grasp stiffness and stability (2004)

The mechanics of friction and compliance in multi-contact arrangements is key to understanding and predicting grasp stability and dynamic response to external loads. This paper introduces a comprehensive model for the nonlinear force-displacement relationship at a frictional contact. The model is given in an analytic lumped parameter form suitable for on-line grasping applications, and is entirely determined by material and geometric properties of the contacting bodies. The force-displacement law predicts a nonlinear tangential stiffening as the normal load increases. As a result, the composite stiffness matrix of a frictional grasp is asymmetric, indicating that such grasps are not governed by any potential energy. The consequences for grasp stability are investigated. We formulate a rule for preloading frictional grasps which guarantees stable response at the individual contacts. Then we obtain a criterion for selecting contact points which guarantees overall grasp stability. The synthesis rule and its effect on grasp stability is illustrated with a simple 2D example.
Relation between microstructure of grain boundary and the intergranular exchange in CoCrTa thin film for longitudinal recording media (1994)

In CoCrTa films, the relationship between the microstructure of grain boundaries and degree of intergranular exchange coupling was investigated. The degree of intergranular exchange coupling decreases as Ta content increases. By TEM observation, it was revealed that the boundary phase, which appears to be amorphous, surrounds the grains. The width of this boundary phase tends to become thicker as Ta content increases. From the result of an EDS analysis, the Cr content at the grain boundaries is higher than that in the grains. The boundary phase may be non-magnetic due to its high concentration of Cr. On the other hand, in this experiment, no boundary phase was observed in CoNiCr and CoCrPt films which have the higher degree of intergranular exchange coupling than CoCrTa films. Therefore, the change in the boundary phase may be effective in reducing the degree of intergranular exchange coupling.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A ring-VCO-based injection-locked frequency multiplier using a new pulse generation technique in 65 nm CMOS (2011)

This paper proposes a low-phase-noise ring-VCO-based frequency multiplier with a new subharmonic direct injection locking technique that only uses a time-delay cell and four MOS transistors. Since the proposed technique behaves as an exclusive OR and can double the reference signal frequency, it increases phase correction points and achieves low phase noise characteristic across the wide output frequency range. The frequency multiplier was fabricated by using 65 nm Si CMOS process. Measured 1-MHz-offset phase noise at 6.34 GHz with reference signals of 528 MHz was -113dBc/Hz.
A 3-V 230-MHz CMOS Decimation Subsampler (2003)

Udgivelsesdato: MAR
Fatty acids in phospholipids of cells, cysts, and germinating cysts of Azotobacter vinelandii (1979)

Cyclopropane fatty acids constitute 25% of the phospholipid acyl groups in cysts of Azotobacter vinelandii. These are lost by dilution during germination when the synthesis of the fatty acids characteristic of vegetative cell phospholipids commences.
Repurposing of Metformin and Aspirin by Targeting AMPK-mTOR and Inflammation for Pancreatic Cancer Prevention and Treatment (2014)

Pancreatic cancer, as the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths, carries a poor prognosis with a median survival of 6 months and a dismal 5-year survival rate of 3% to 5%. These statistics highlight an urgent need for novel chemopreventive and therapeutic strategies for this malignancy. Metformin and aspirin have been explored as two emerging cancer chemoprevention agents for different types of cancers, including pancreatic cancer. Here, we review the effects of both metformin and aspirin on pancreatic tumorigenesis and their potential actions in pancreatic cancer. Special attention is paid to their effects on the important signaling pathways of pancreatic cancer development as well as possible mechanisms for synergy between these two agents. For metformin, the most important mechanism may involve the inhibition of mTOR signaling via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent and -independent pathways. For aspirin, the major mechanism is the anti-inflammatory action through the inhibition of COX-1/COX-2 and modulation of the NFκB or STAT3 pathway. In addition, aspirin may activate AMPK, and both agents may affect Notch, Wnt/β-catenin, and other signaling pathways. The combination of metformin and aspirin will provide additive and possibly synergistic effects for the prevention and treatment of pancreatic cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Antagonists Based on Cyclocymopol Monomethyl Ether (XIII). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Acknowledgment-Based Scheme to Defend Against Cooperative Black Hole Attacks in Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (2008)

In this paper, we address the problem of cooperative black hole attack, one of the major security issues in mobile ad hoc networks. The aim of this attack is to force nodes in the network to choose hostile nodes as relays to disseminate the partial topological information, thereby exploiting the functionality of the routing protocol to retain control packets. In optimized link state routing (OLSR) protocol, if a cooperative black hole attack is launched during the propagation of topology control (TC) packets, the topology information will not be disseminated to the whole network which may lead to routing disruption. In this paper, we investigate the effects of the cooperative black hole attack against OLSR, in which two colluding MPR nodes cooperate in order to disrupt the topology discovery. Then we propose an acknowledgment based technique that overcomes the shortcomings of the OLSR protocol, and makes it less vulnerable to such attacks by identifying and then isolating malicious nodes in the network. The simulation results of the proposed scheme show high detection rate under various scenarios.
Molecular Thermodynamics (1966)

The teaching of thermal and statistical physics in British universities is being fanned by a wind of change which blows from the west. Traditionally, this teaching proceeds by giving first and second year students a thorough grounding in classical thermodynamics (with a certain amount of elementary kinetic theory and work with the Boltzmann distribution) and then following it up in the third year with a course in statistical mechanics which aims to justify the thermodynamics as well as to provide the basis for further microphysical calculations.
$f$-Divergence Estimation and Two-Sample Homogeneity Test Under Semiparametric Density-Ratio Models (2011)

A density ratio is defined by the ratio of two probability densities. We study the inference problem of density ratios and apply a semiparametric density-ratio estimator to the two-sample homogeneity test. In the proposed test procedure, the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$f$</tex></formula> -divergence between two probability densities is estimated using a density-ratio estimator. The <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$f$</tex> </formula> -divergence estimator is then exploited for the two-sample homogeneity test. We derive an optimal estimator of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$f$</tex></formula> -divergence in the sense of the asymptotic variance in a semiparametric setting, and provide a statistic for two-sample homogeneity test based on the optimal estimator. We prove that the proposed test dominates the existing empirical likelihood score test. Through numerical studies, we illustrate the adequacy of the asymptotic theory for finite-sample inference.
Channel Interaction In An Optical Fire Control Sight (1984)

The optical design of a multichannel sight for use in an armored vehicle used in an air defense role is described. Emphasis is placed on the interaction and incompatibilities among the various optical channels and the resolution of conflicting requirements.
The relationship between cough-specific quality of life and abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in patients with COPD (2015)

Chronic cough may adversely affect performance in daily life due to its negative effect on fatigue and decrease abdominal muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Decreased cough-related quality of life is related with increased level of depression in COPD patients. Effects of increased abdominal muscle endurance and decreased fatigue in COPD patients with chronic cough need further investigation.
Service models and pricing policies for an integrated services Internet (1995)

This paper addresses the integration of services in the Internet and the resulting impact on pricing policies. I first address why an integrated services Internet is desirable, and give an overview of the services it is likely to offer. I then argue that an integrated services Internet, in order to be efficient, must employ per-user, quality-ofservice sensitive, and usage-based pricing policies. 1 Introduction In the next five years, the Internet will undergo significant technical changes. These will probably include dramatic increases in bandwidth 1 on the backbone transmission links, better physical access from homes and businesses, and a more sophisticated network architecture. Internet policies are also likely to change; these policy changes will probably include allowing more public access, increasing privatization of service provision, reduced or at least modified government subsidies, and new pricing schemes. These policy and technical changes will reinforce each other: some...
A fast algorithm for large vocabulary keyword spotting application (1994)

Presents a fast algorithm for spotting a large number of keywords in unconstrained, continuous speech using an HMM-based continuous speech recognizer. This fast algorithm is based on a two stage scheme. In the first stage, the forward backward search is performed for detecting N most likely common subwords. In the second stage, the tree-trellis search is carried out to determine the optimum keyword by traversing the tree-structural vocabulary in an effective way. Compared with the conventional whole-word based keyword spotting algorithm, the proposed fast algorithm can drastically reduce the computational cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hygroscopic Effects on Weight Determinations of Particulates Collected on Glass-Fiber Filters (1967)

Abstract The effect of relative humidity on the tare weight of glass-fiber filters was insignificant, but the effect on collected particulates was significant when the humidity exceeded 55%. When particulate samples were weighed at relative humidities below 55%, weight variations did not exceed 1%.
Material evolution and gradual degradation in semiconductor lasers and light emitting diodes (1989)

The injection of a nonequilibrium electron-hole plasma increases the probability of structural changes in the semiconductor material and reduces the effective activation energy for defect formation and migration. The kinetic theory of short-lived large energy fluctuations of atoms is applied to link lasers and LED gradual degradation to material parameters. A comparison between GaAs and InP based devices is made based on diffusion experimental data.
Unimpaired transmission through a bidirectional erbium-doped fiber amplifier near lasing threshold (1995)

We present transmission experiments with an erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) without optical isolators, designed for bidirectional transmission. The combination of high gain and reflections/Rayleigh backscattering may result in laser action of the EDFA at the maximum-gain wavelength 1531 nm. It was demonstrated that wavelength-selective transmission at 1537 nm was unimpaired for G/sub 1531//sup 2/R/sub 1/R/sub 2//spl les/-15 dB. The gain saturation due to laser action and the multiple-reflection penalty were both less than 0.5 dB. A specification for the allowable maximum gain of a bidirectional EDFA is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design of Network Science and Technology Award System Based on ASP (2012)

ASP technology,workflow technology,dynamic component technology and the character right model are used to design a network science and technology award system.The system can provide humanized operation interface by BS,coordinate various resources,optimize the review process and improve the efficiency of the review.