gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measures in rheumatoid arthritis: are we measuring too many parameters (2012)

The disease activity measures in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have a lot of unmet need for current clinical demand. With available biological and aggressive disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug therapy, the goal of RA treatment has moved toward remission or at least tighter control. The current measures lose their ability to discriminate further once the patient gets into minimal disease or tight control. There are more numbers of parameters, measured to assess disease activity, like joint counts, perception scales and laboratory parameters. There are different composite scores like Disease Activity Score, American College of Rheumatology criteria and clinical disease activity index. In this review we have reviewed the evolution of and changing need for these measures. The relevance of some measures and their use and limitations with reference to various characteristics are presented. Inflammation measures to quantify the RA process is the best way to monitor RA disease activity. C-reactive protein alone or with other biomarkers to specify RA, appear to be good prospective measures.
Susceptibility of Anaerobes to Cefoxitin and Other Cephalosporins (1975)

The in vitro susceptibility of 155 strains of anaerobic bacteria to five cephalosporin antibiotics was tested. Cefoxitin was the most active against 33 isolates of Bacteroides fragilis; 82% of the strains were sensitive at 16 mug/ml. At 64 mug/ml cefazolin and cephaloridine were also generally effective. Cephalothin and cephalexin were relatively inactive versus B. fragilis. Cefoxitin, cephaloridine, cefazolin, and cephalothin showed comparable activity against 122 strains of anaerobes other than B. fragilis. More than 90% of the strains were sensitive to each of these antimicrobials at 16 mug/ml. Cephalexin was the least effective cephalosporin against all species tested.
A rice homeotic gene, <i>OSH1</i>, causes unusual phenotypes in transgenic tobacco (1993)

A rice gene, OSH1, which shares homology with animal homeobox genes, has been isolated. We have introduced the OSH1 cDNA into tobacco in order to examine its function. Expression of the OSH1 cDNA in tobacco induced morphological abnormalities in the leaves, petals and stems of the transformants suggesting that OSH1 functions as a morphological regulator. OSH1 cDNA expression was analyzed under the control of three different promoters. This work revealed that not only the level of OSH1 expression but also the site and timing of the expression affect the morphology of the plant.
Theoretical and experimental evaluation of a two-dimensional composite matrix array (1993)

A theoretical and experimental performance appraisal of a two-dimensional, ceramic-epoxy composite matrix array employing 1-3 connectivity is presented. The linear systems approach is used for temporal and spatial simulation of array performance, with specific regard to three-dimensional synthetic aperture imaging in a fluid load medium. Manufacture and experimental evaluation of a prototype array structure, operating at 1.2 MHz and comprising 100 elements arranged as a 10 by 10 matrix, is described. Close agreement between theory and experiment is obtained, providing a clear indication that the low crosstalk, uniformity, and wideband characteristics of composite array elements offer excellent prospects for such imaging applications.
Post-Stroke Inhibition of Induced NADPH Oxidase Type 4 Prevents Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration (2010)

Ischemic stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Only one moderately effective therapy exists, albeit with contraindications that exclude 90% of the patients. This medical need contrasts with a high failure rate of more than 1,000 pre-clinical drug candidates for stroke therapies. Thus, there is a need for translatable mechanisms of neuroprotection and more rigid thresholds of relevance in pre-clinical stroke models. One such candidate mechanism is oxidative stress. However, antioxidant approaches have failed in clinical trials, and the significant sources of oxidative stress in stroke are unknown. We here identify NADPH oxidase type 4 (NOX4) as a major source of oxidative stress and an effective therapeutic target in acute stroke. Upon ischemia, NOX4 was induced in human and mouse brain. Mice deficient in NOX4 (Nox4(-/-)) of either sex, but not those deficient for NOX1 or NOX2, were largely protected from oxidative stress, blood-brain-barrier leakage, and neuronal apoptosis, after both transient and permanent cerebral ischemia. This effect was independent of age, as elderly mice were equally protected. Restoration of oxidative stress reversed the stroke-protective phenotype in Nox4(-/-) mice. Application of the only validated low-molecular-weight pharmacological NADPH oxidase inhibitor, VAS2870, several hours after ischemia was as protective as deleting NOX4. The extent of neuroprotection was exceptional, resulting in significantly improved long-term neurological functions and reduced mortality. NOX4 therefore represents a major source of oxidative stress and novel class of drug target for stroke therapy.
High-Flavonol Tomatoes Resulting from the Heterologous Expression of the Maize Transcription Factor Genes <i>LC</i> and <i>C1</i> (2002)

Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic plant secondary metabolites important for plant biology and human nutrition. In particular flavonols are potent antioxidants, and their dietary intake is correlated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases. Tomato fruit contain only in their peel small amounts of flavonoids, mainly naringenin chalcone and the flavonol rutin, a quercetin glycoside. To increase flavonoid levels in tomato, we expressed the maize transcription factor genes LC and C1 in the fruit of genetically modified tomato plants. Expression of both genes was required and sufficient to upregulate the flavonoid pathway in tomato fruit flesh, a tissue that normally does not produce any flavonoids. These fruit accumulated high levels of the flavonol kaempferol and, to a lesser extent, the flavanone naringenin in their flesh. All flavonoids detected were present as glycosides. Anthocyanins, previously reported to accumulate upon LC expression in several plant species, were present in LC/C1 tomato leaves but could not be detected in ripe LC/C1 fruit. RNA expression analysis of ripening fruit revealed that, with the exception of chalcone isomerase, all of the structural genes required for the production of kaempferol-type flavonols and pelargonidin-type anthocyanins were induced strongly by the LC/C1 transcription factors. Expression of the genes encoding flavanone-3'-hydroxylase and flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase, which are required for the modification of B-ring hydroxylation patterns, was not affected by LC/C1. Comparison of flavonoid profiles and gene expression data between tomato leaves and fruit indicates that the absence of anthocyanins in LC/C1 fruit is attributable primarily to an insufficient expression of the gene encoding flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase, in combination with a strong preference of the tomato dihydroflavonol reductase enzyme to use the flavanone-3'5'-hydroxylase reaction product dihydromyricetin as a substrate.
Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2009 (2008)

Hyperglycemia not sufficient to meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes is catego-
Sub-kT/q Subthreshold-Slope Using Negative Capacitance in Low-Temperature Polycrystalline-Silicon Thin-Film Transistor (2016)

Realizing a low-temperature polycrystalline-silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistor (TFT) with sub-kT/q subthreshold slope (SS) is significantly important to the development of next generation active-matrix organic-light emitting diode displays. This is the first time a sub-kT/q SS (31.44 mV/dec) incorporated with a LTPS-TFT with polycrystalline-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT)/ZrTiO4 (ZTO) gate dielectrics has been demonstrated. The sub-kT/q SS was observed in the weak inversion region at -0.5 V showing ultra-low operating voltage with the highest mobility (250.5 cm(2)/Vsec) reported so far. In addition, the reliability of DC negative bias stress, hot carrier stress and self-heating stress in LTPS-TFT with negative capacitance was investigated for the first time. It was found that the self-heating stress showed accelerated SS degradation due to the PZT Curie temperature.
Floating Offshore Wind Turbines (2008)

Wind is a rapidly growing renewable energy source, increasing at an annual rate of 30%, with the vast majority of wind power generated from onshore wind farms. The growth of these facilities, however, is limited by the lack of inexpensive land near major population centers and the visual impact caused by large wind turbines.Wind energy generated from floating offshore wind farms is the next frontier. Vast sea areas with stronger and steadier winds are available for wind farm development and 5 MW wind turbine towers located 20 miles from the coastline are invisible. Current offshore wind turbines are supported by monopoles driven into the seafloor or other bottom mounted structures at coastal sites a few miles from shore and in water depths of 10-15 m. The primary impediment to their growth is their prohibitive cost as the water depth increases.This article discusses the technologies and the economics associated with the development of motion resistant floating offshore wind turbines drawing upon a seven-year research effort at MIT. Two families of floater concepts are discussed, inspired by developments in the oil and gas industry for the deep water exploration of hydrocarbon reservoirs. The interaction of the floater response dynamics in severe weather with that of the wind turbine system is addressed and the impact of this coupling on the design of the new generation of multi-megawatt wind turbines for offshore deployment is discussed. The primary economic drivers affecting the development of utility scale floating offshore wind farms are also addressed.
Neurotensin—regulated miR-133α is involved in proinflammatory signalling in human colonic epithelial cells and in experimental colitis (2014)

NT-associated colitis and inflammatory signalling are regulated by miR-133α-AFTPH interactions. Targeting of miR-133α or AFTPH may represent a novel therapeutic approach in inflammatory bowel disease.
Obstructive jaundice in infants with normal biliary tree. (1954)

Of 50 infants with persistent signs of biliary obstruction, not atresia, seen in the past 7 years, 16 had preceding hemolytic disease from ABO or Rh-incompatibility and 3 had acquired hemolytic anemia. One infant had probable serum hepatitis and 30 others had hepatitis of unknown etiology. All had a patent external biliary tract. Clinically these patients had jaundice, light stools and dark urine. All appeared in a good state of nutrition except those with hepatitis of unknown cause. The results of laboratory studies have been similar in these patients and have included a high direct serum bilirubin, usually negative cephalin flocculation, frequently elevated zinc sulfate turbidity and low cholesterol esters. The urine urobilin may be absent or increased in amount. Histologic studies of liver have shown the presence of multinucleated giant liver cells, much myelopoiesis and erythropoiesis, plugging of bile canaliculi and mild bile duct proliferation. Large amounts of yellow pigment have been found within the liver cells but this pigment has not taken the usual iron stains. Livers from patients with hepatitis of unknown etiology have shown more evidence of inflammation, cell necrosis and portal fibrosis than the others. Pertinent laboratory studies to help differentiate these cases from biliary atresia have included determinations of serum bilirubin, zinc sulfate turbidity, cholesterol and cholesterol esters and urine urobilin. Studies of maternal and infant blood factors and search for evidence of agglutination and increased production of erythrocytes are also important. Tests not found to be useful in differentiation are cholesterol esterase, alkaline phosphatase and prothrombin time. If diagnosis is impossible from clinical and laboratory information, exploration of the biliary tract with liver biopsy and diodrast cholangiography may be necessary. This procedure should be delayed until an adequate period of observation has elapsed and until the infant is over 4 months of age. Such a delay may result in spontaneous clearing of the jaundice with complete recovery.
Advances in Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology (1995)

This paper reviews the designs and performance of tubular solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A large number of tubular cells of the porous support tube type have been electrically tested, some to times over 50,000 hours; these cells have shown excellent performance and performance stability. Since 1984, successfully larger electrical generators utilizing these cells have been built and operated; a 20 kW integrated SOFC system operated for 7064 hours during 1993–94. Results of development efforts to reduce cost and increase power output of tubular cells by eliminating porous support tube and increasing active length are described, and plans to utilize such air electrode supported cells in future SOFC systems are discussed.
Visualization of x-ray backscatter data (1993)

Of the several processes which occur when x-rays interact with matter, Compton scattering is dominant in the range of energies commonly used in industrial radiography. The Compton interaction between an x-ray photon and a free or outer shell electron causes the electron to recoil and the photon to be propagated in a new direction with a reduced energy. Regardless of the incident beam energy, some photons are always scattered in the backwards direction. The potential for determining material properties by the detection of x-ray backscatter has been recognized for years. Although work in this area has been eclipsed by the rapid development of computerized tomography (CT), a variety of industrial backscatter imaging techniques and applications have been demonstrated. Backscatter inspection is unique among x-ray methods in its applicability with access to only one side of the object. The authors are currently developing the application of x-ray backscatter tomography (XBT) to the inspection of steel-reinforced rubber sonar domes on US Navy vessels. In this paper, the authors discuss the visualization methods they use to interpret the XBT data. They present images which illustrate the capability of XBT as applied to sonar domes and a variety of other materials and objects. Theymore » also demonstrate and discuss the use of several data visualization software products.« less
Universal Behavior in a Generalized Model of Contagion (2004)

Models of contagion arise broadly in both the biological and the social sciences, with applications ranging from the transmission of infectious diseases to the spread of cultural fads. In this Letter, we introduce a general model of contagion which, by explicitly incorporating memory of past exposures to, for example, an infectious agent, rumor, or new product, includes the main features of existing contagion models and interpolates between them. We obtain exact solutions for a simple version of the model, finding that under general conditions only three classes of collective dynamics exist. Furthermore, we find that, for a given length of memory, the class into which a particular system falls is determined by only two parameters. Our model suggests novel measures for assessing the susceptibility of a population to large contagion events, and also a possible strategy for inhibiting or facilitating them.
Purification and subunit structure of a putative K+-channel protein identified by its binding properties for dendrotoxin I. (1988)

The binding protein for the K+-channel toxin dendrotoxin I was purified from a detergent extract of rat brain membranes. The purification procedure utilized chromatography on DEAE-Trisacryl, affinity chromatography on a dendrotoxin-I-Aca 22 column, and wheat germ agglutinin-Affigel 10 with a final 3800- to 4600-fold enrichment and a recovery of 8-16%. The high affinity (Kd, 40-100 pM) and specificity of the binding site are retained throughout the purification procedure. Analysis of the purified material on silver-stained NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel revealed three bands of Mr 76,000-80,000, 38,000, and 35,000. Interestingly, the binding site for 125I-labeled mast cell degranulating peptide, another putative K+-channel ligand from bee venom, which induces long-term potentiation in hippocampus, seems to reside on the same protein complex, as both binding sites copurify through the entire purification protocol.
Self-tuning control of a nonlinear model of combustion instabilities (2002)

We present a self-tuning scheme for adapting the parameters of a PI controller proposed by Fung and Yang (1992) for stabilization of a Culick-type model of nonlinear acoustic oscillations in combustion chambers. Our adaptation criterion is Lyapunov-based and its objective is the regulation of nonlinear pressure oscillations to zero. We focus on a two-mode model and first develop a design based on an assumption that the amplitudes of the two modes are available for measurement. Instead of estimating the damping coefficients of each mode (which are dependent on the unknown air/fuel ratio), the Lyapunov approach allows us to adapt the parameters of the controller directly. The adaptation mechanism is designed to stabilize both modes and prevent the phenomenon observed by Billoud, Galland, Huu, and Candel (1992), whose adaptive controller stabilizes the first but (under some conditions) apparently destabilizes the second mode. We also prove that the adaptation mechanism is robust to a time delay inherent to the actuation approach via heat release. In order to avoid requirements for sophisticated sensing of the mode amplitudes needed for feedback, we also develop an adaptation scheme which employs only one pressure sensor. Our approach is based on the idea to use the squares of the pressure and its derivative instead of the squares of the amplitudes of the modes to drive the adaptation. In order for the adaptation scheme to be implementable, it is also necessary to know the control input matrix of the system. Rather than performing a complicated linear ID procedure, we propose a simple nonlinear ID approach that exploits the quadratic character of the nonlinearities and identifies the input matrix from steady-state limit cycle data. Simulations illustrate the capability of the scheme to attenuate limit cycles without the knowledge of the growth coefficients.
Concurrency control mechanisms and the serializability of concurrent tree algorithms (1984)

Article Free Access Share on Concurrency control mechanisms and the serializability of concurrent tree algorithms Authors: Ray Ford The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAView Profile , Jim Calhoun The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IAView Profile Authors Info & Claims PODS '84: Proceedings of the 3rd ACM SIGACT-SIGMOD symposium on Principles of database systemsApril 1984 Pages 51–60https://doi.org/10.1145/588011.588020Online:02 April 1984Publication History 9citation387DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads387Last 12 Months8Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Variations régionales de la fécondité en Belgique (1964)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Evaluation of High and Low Activation Resists for EUV Lithography (2006)

This paper reports our latest findings on the performance of high and low activation resists for EUV lithography. Both low and high activation resists show good capability down to 35 nm resolution, with acceptable LER and photospeed. These resists also show minimal outgassing of 3.4 x 1012 molecules/cm2 outgassed at EUV exposure, well below the maximum outgassing threshold. The best resist material found so far is a blend of high and low activation resist polymers. This material showed resolution to 32nm, photospeed of 18mJ/cm2, with an acceptable process window at 35nm. The PEB sensitivity was extremely low, 0.25nm/°C. This resist also had minimal LER, 3σ, of 3nm for 40nm 1:1 lines and spaces.
All-optical regeneration using a side-mode injection-locked semiconductor laser (2003)

We propose and demonstrate all-optical regenerations using a side-mode injection-locked or a two-side-mode injection-locked semiconductor laser. We found that these techniques can decrease the effect of relaxation oscillation both in simulation and experiment. By using a two-side mode-injection-locked semiconductor laser, we could regenerate a 5 Gb/s signal distorted by the chromatic dispersion of a 20-km-long standard single mode fiber.
An Analysis of the United States Employment Immigration System in Attracting and Retaining Skilled Workers and the Effects of Its Dichotomous Objectives—Competitiveness versus Protectionism: A Case for Reform? (2012)

The aim of this Article is to analyze the dichotomous objectives of U.S. immigration policy and to determine what recourse exists to improve the competitiveness of the U.S. immigration system and to ensure adequate protection for U.S. workers. Given that the H-1B visa, the temporary nonimmigrant visa category, has become a very important stepping stone to legal permanent residency, this Article will examine the developments and impact of the dichotomous measures within the context of the H-1B as well as the second employment-based preference category (EB-2) and the third employment-based preference category (EB-3). As such, Part II of this Article will trace the development of measures encapsulating these dichotomous objectives. Part III will analyze the effect quantitative restraints have had on the immigration of the best and brightest. The Article then, in Part IV, will examine the impact of the dichotomous objectives on four levels: the global labor market, the needs of the U.S. domestic market; protections of U.S. workers; and interests of the international workers. In Part V, the focus will be on finding solutions and making recommendations that go toward realigning these dichotomous objectives to ensure that the needs at all four levels are met.
Developments in Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Applied to Chemical Systems (1979)

Developments in Extended X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure Applied to Chemical Systems, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/physchem/30/1/annurev.pc.30.100179.001243-1.gif