gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Decrease in DKK1, a WNT Inhibitor, Contributes to Placental Lipid Accumulation in an Obesity-Prone Rat Model1 (2011)

Placenta, as the sole transport mechanism between mother and fetus, links the maternal physical state and the immediate as well as lifelong outcomes of the offspring. The present study examined the consequences of maternal obesity on placental lipid accumulation and metabolism. Pregnant obesity-prone (OP) and obesity-resistant (OR) rat strains were fed a control diet throughout gestation. Placentas were collected on Gestational Day 21 for mRNA and oxidative stress analysis, and frozen placental sections were analyzed for fat accumulation as well as beta-catenin and Dickkopf homolog 1 (Xenopus laevis) (DKK1) localization. JEG3 trophoblast cells were cultured in vitro to determine the relationship between DKK1 and lipid accumulation. Maternal plasma and placental nonesterified fatty acids and triglycerides (TG) were elevated in OP dams. Placental Dkk1 mRNA content was 4-fold lower in OP placentas, and a significant increase was noted in beta-catenin accumulation as well as in mRNA content of fat transport and TG synthesis genes, including Ppard (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta), Slc27a1 (fatty acid transport protein 1; also known as Fatp1), Cd36 (cluster of differentiation 36; also known as fatty acid translocation [Fat]), Lipin1, and Lipin3. Significant lipid accumulation was found within the decidual zones in OP, but not OR, placentas, and thickness of the decidual and junctional zones was significantly smaller in OP than in OR placentas. Overexpression of DKK1 in JEG3 cells decreased lipid accumulation and mRNA content of PPARD, SLC27A1, CD36, LIPIN1, and LIPIN3. Our results demonstrate that DKK1 is regulating certain aspects of placental lipid metabolism through the WNT signaling pathway.
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is essential for the HMG‐CoA reductase inhibitor cerivastatin to promote collateral growth in response to ischemia (2001)

HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, or statins, are prescribed widely to lower cholesterol. Accumulating evidence indicates that statins have various effects on vascular cells, which are independent of their lipid-lowering effect. Here, we tested the hypothesis that statins may augment collateral flow to ischemic tissues. We induced hind-limb ischemia in wild-type mice and treated them with either saline or cerivastatin. Cerivastatin enhanced the blood flow recovery dramatically as determined by Laser Doppler imaging. The mice treated with saline displayed frequent autoamputation of the ischemic toe, which was prevented completely by cerivastatin. Anti-CD31 immunostaining revealed that cerivastatin significantly increased the capillary density. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity was enhanced markedly in the mice treated with cerivastatin. The angiogenic effect of cerivastatin was abrogated in eNOS deficient (eNOS-/-) mice. These results indicate that eNOS is essential for cerivastatin to promote collateral growth in response to ischemia.
<i>Blufensin1</i>Negatively Impacts Basal Defense in Response to Barley Powdery Mildew     (2008)

Plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms to control the defense response against microbial attack. Both temporal and spatial gene expression are tightly regulated in response to pathogen ingress, modulating both positive and negative control of defense. BLUFENSIN1 (BLN1), a small peptide belonging to a novel family of proteins in barley (Hordeum vulgare), is highly induced by attack from the obligate biotrophic fungus Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei (Bgh), casual agent of powdery mildew disease. Computational interrogation of the Bln1 gene family determined that members reside solely in the BEP clade of the Poaceae family, specifically, barley, rice (Oryza sativa), and wheat (Triticum aestivum). Barley stripe mosaic virus-induced gene silencing of Bln1 enhanced plant resistance in compatible interactions, regardless of the presence or absence of functional Mla coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, Leu-rich repeat alleles, indicating that BLN1 can function in an R-gene-independent manner. Likewise, transient overexpression of Bln1 significantly increased accessibility toward virulent Bgh. Moreover, silencing in plants harboring the Mlo susceptibility factor decreased accessibility to Bgh, suggesting that BLN1 functions in parallel with or upstream of MLO to modulate penetration resistance. Collectively, these data suggest that the grass-specific Bln1 negatively impacts basal defense against Bgh.
View-Adaptive Motion Estimation and Disparity Estimation for Low Complexity Multiview Video Coding (2010)

The emerging international standard for multiview video coding (MVC) is an extension of H.264/advanced video coding. In the joint mode of MVC, both motion estimation (ME) and disparity estimation (DE) are included in the encoding process. This achieves the highest coding efficiency but requires a very high computational complexity. In this letter, we propose a fast ME and DE algorithm that adaptively utilizes the inter-view correlation. The coding mode complexity and the motion homogeneity of a macroblock (MB) are first analyzed according to the coding modes and motion vectors from the corresponding MBs in the neighbor views, which are located by means of global disparity vector. According to the coding mode complexity and the motion homogeneity, the proposed algorithm adjusts the search strategies for different types of MBs in order to perform a precise search according to video content. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can save 85% computational complexity on average, with negligible loss of coding efficiency.
Progress in the Discovery of Compounds Inhibiting Orthopoxviruses in Animal Models (2008)

Surrogate animal models must be used for testing antiviral agents against variola (smallpox) virus infections. Once developed, these, compounds can be stockpiled for use in the event of a bioterrorist incident involving either variola or monkeypox virus, or used to treat an occasional serious orthopoxvirus infection, such as disseminated vaccinia complication following exposure to the live virus vaccine. Recently, considerable progress has been made in the discovery of novel antiviral agents found active against orthopoxviruses in vivo. This includes the development of new animal models or refinement of existing ones for compound efficacy testing. Current mouse models employ ectromelia, cowpox and vaccinia (WR and IHD strains) viruses with respiratory (lung) or tail lesion infections commonly studied. Rabbitpox and vaccinia (WR strain) viruses are available for rabbit infections. Monkeypox and variola viruses are used for infecting monkeys. This review describes these and other animal models, and covers compounds found active in vivo from 2003 to date. Cidofovir, known to be active against orthopox virus infections prior to 2003, has been studied extensively over recent years. New compounds showing promise are orally active inhibitors of orthopoxvirus infections that include ether lipid prodrugs of cidofovir and (S)-HPMPA, ST-246, N-methanocarbathymidine (N-MCT) and SRI 21950 (a 4'-thio derivative of iododeoxyuridine). Another compound with high activity but requiring parenteral administration is HPMPO-DAPy. Further development of these compounds is warranted.
Metallocytochromes c : Characterization of Electronic Absorption and Emission Spectra of Sn4+ and Zn2+ Cytochromes c (1976)

Tin (Sn4+) and zinc (Zn2+) derivatives of horse heart cytochrome c have been prepared and their optical spectra have been characterized. Zinc cytochrome c has visible absorption maxima at 549 and 585 nm and Soret absorption at 423 nm. Tin cytochrome c shows visible absorption maxima at 536 and 574 nm and Soret absorption at 410 nm. Unlike iron cytochrome c in which the emission spectrum of the porphyrin is almost completely quenched by the central metal, the zinc and tin derivatives of cytochrome c are both fluorescent and phosphorescent. The fluorescence maxima of zinc cytochrome c are at 590 and 640 nm and the fluorescence lifetime is 3.2 ns. The fluorescence maxima of Sn cytochrome are at 580 and 636 nm and the fluorescence lifetime is under 1 ns. The quantum yield of fluorescence is Zn greater than Sn while the quantum yield of phosphorescence is Sn greater than Zn. at 77 K the fluorescence and phosphorescence emission spectra of Sn and Zn cytochrome c show evidence of resolution into vibrational bands. The best resolved bands occur at frequency differences 750 cm-1 and 1540--1550 cm-1 from the O-O transition. These frequencies correspond with those obtained by resonance Raman spectroscopy for in-plane deformations of the porphyrin macrocycle.
Doppler-Tolerant Classification of Distributed Targets -- A Bionic Sonar (1975)

Sonar echo analysis that is not affected by relative motion between target, transmitter, and receiver is discussed. Motion-tolerant measurement and recognition of range-distributed targets involves: 1) a determination of the effects of range rate upon echoes from non-planar reflectors and 2) the derivation of a signal, filter bank, and target parameterization scheme that is insensitive to those effects. The appropriate system is derived, simulated with a computer, and tested with actual echoes from various targets. The system's signals and filters are very similar to those found in biological sonars.
Flash Butt Welding for Large Diameter Pipes (1981)

Abstract For economic reasons, large-diameter pipes with wall thicknesses of up to 40 rom are most suitable for Jmethod deep-water pipelaying. The welding process chosen is a modified flash butt welding process with inductive preheating. The suitability of this process was proven by means of a prototype machine designed for welding X 60 pipes of 3011 diameter and 40 mrn wall thickness. Numerous tests were carried out in order to optimize the welding parameters and to analyse the various influencing factors. The results have shown that the modified flash butt welding process incorporating a process of inductive normalizing the weld regionproduces high quality welds which fully meet the requirements of offshore pipelining. A condition is, however, that only pipes with a high degree of purity are employed. Good reproducibility of the results is guaranteed thanks to the welding machine being automated with a preprogrammed welding process. 1.Introduction Due to the ever-growing demand for energy, offshore oil and gas exploration has been extended to areas with water depths up to 2000 m. The most economical method for handling gas is the pipeline. However, the pipeline is also frequently an economic and safe solution to the problem of oil transportation. In recent years, various studies have shown that of all the possible pipelaying techniques, the J-method offers the most advantages for large pipe-diameters or depths below 600 m. These studies were carried out by a West German team which received financial support from the Federal Minister for Research and Technology. 1/ The results of these studies were published in the OTC in 1979. 2/ The new pipelaying method requires an economic welding technique which ensures that the connections between large-diameter pipes with wall thicknesses of up to 40 rom are of a high quality. Of all the possible welding processes, flash butt welding was chosen and a prototype machine developed to demonstrate its suitability. The following is a report on the findings and results of numerous destructive tests which were carried outon the girth welds. 2. Pipelaying Method As the welding process developed is for flash butt welding large-diameter pipes specifically for J-method pipelaying, it is appropriate that this new pipelaying system be summarized. In contrast to the usual method of laying a pipestring in the form of an "S" from lay barges using long stingers, the pipestring laid by the J-method is paid out into the water through the middle of the pipelaying vessel by means of an inclined ramp, the angle of which is a function of the water depth (Fig. 1). The depth to which the J-method can be used is limited by the axial loads resulting from tension and bending in the J-curve and also by radial stress resulting from the effect of the water pressure on the pipe. Dynamic loading and oncoming flow also have to be allowed for.
Quantum Ergodicity on Graphs (2008)

We investigate the equidistribution of the eigenfunctions on quantum graphs in the high-energy limit. Our main result is an estimate of the deviations from equidistribution for large well-connected graphs. We use an exact field-theoretic expression in terms of a variant of the supersymmetric nonlinear sigma model. Our estimate is based on a saddle-point analysis of this expression and leads to a criterion for when equidistribution emerges asymptotically in the limit of large graphs. Our theory predicts a rate of convergence that is a significant refinement of previous estimates, long assumed to be valid for quantum chaotic systems, agreeing with them in some situations but not all. We discuss specific examples for which the theory is tested numerically.
Surfactant protein D inhibits early airway response in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>‐sensitized mice (2006)

These data suggest that SP-D not only reduces allergen-induced eosinophilic inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness but also provides protection against early airway obstruction by inhibition of early mediator release.
Immune Checkpoint Modulation in Colorectal Cancer: What’s New and What to Expect (2015)

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as one of the most prevalent types of cancer worldwide, is still a leading cause of cancer related mortality. There is an urgent need for more efficient therapies in metastatic disease. Immunotherapy, a rapidly expanding field of oncology, is designed to boost the body's natural defenses to fight cancer. Of the many approaches currently under study to improve antitumor immune responses, immune checkpoint inhibition has thus far been proven to be the most effective. This review will outline the treatments that take advantage of our growing understanding of the role of the immune system in cancer, with a particular emphasis on immune checkpoint molecules, involved in CRC pathogenesis.
Dynamics and performance analysis of analog iterative decoding for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes (2006)

Conventional iterative decoding with flooding or parallel schedule can be formulated as a fixed-point problem solved iteratively by a successive substitution (SS) method. In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a continuous-time (asynchronous) analog implementation of iterative decoding, and show that it can be approximated as the application of the well-known successive relaxation (SR) method for solving the fixed-point problem. We observe that SR with the optimal relaxation factor can considerably improve the error-rate performance of iterative decoding for short low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, compared with SS. Our simulation results for the application of SR to belief propagation (sum-product) and min-sum algorithms demonstrate improvements of up to about 0.7 dB over the standard SS for randomly constructed LDPC codes. The improvement in performance increases with the maximum number of iterations, and by accordingly reducing the relaxation factor. The asymptotic result, corresponding to an infinite maximum number of iterations and infinitesimal relaxation factor, represents the steady-state performance of analog iterative decoding. This means that under ideal circumstances, continuous-time (asynchronous) analog decoders can outperform their discrete-time (synchronous) digital counterparts by a large margin. Our results also indicate that with the assumption of a truncated Gaussian distribution for the random delays among computational modules, the error-rate performance of the analog decoder, particularly in steady state, is rather independent of the variance of the distribution. The proposed simple model for analog decoding, and the associated performance curves, can be used as an "ideal analog decoder" benchmark for performance evaluation of analog decoding circuits.
Scaling Heterogeneous Distributed Databases and the Design of DISCO (2018)

Access to large numbers of data sources introduces new problems for users of heterogeneous distributed databases. End users and application programmers must deal with unavailable data sources. Database administrators must deal with incorporating new sources into the model. Database implementors must deal with the translation of queries between query languages and schemas. The Distributed Information Search COmponent (Disco) addresses these problems. Query processing semantics are developed to process queries over data sources which do not return answers. Data modeling techniques manage connections to data sources. The component interface to data sources flexibly handles different query languages and translates queries. This paper describes (a) the distributed mediator architecture of Disco, (b) its query processing semantics, (c) the data model and its modeling of data source connections, and (d) the interface to underlying data sources.
Intelligent databases for medical statistical analysis (2003)

A research project concerning epidemiological and statistical databases is briefly described. The aim of the project is to define an integrated and knowledge-based system to support epidemiological data management. The support provided for epidemiological analysis can be applied throughout the process of statistical analysis, from the choice of study design and statistical indicators to data analysis and result interpretation. The system has to provide a simple but adequate man-machine interface that is suitable at all user levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Universality in interacting membranes: The effect of cosurfactants on the interfacial rigidity (1989)

We report on synchrotron x-ray scattering studies of multimembrane systems in the fluid ${\mathrm{L}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}$ phase. By embedding cosurfactant molecules in a model biological membrane (di-myristoyl-phosphoridyl-choline) system, we dramatically reduce the bending rigidity of the fluid bilayer. This effect leads to a crossover from a microscopically driven to a fluctuation-induced universal regime for intermembrane interactions. Studies of a homologous cosurfactant series, with varying hydrocarbon chain length between 5 and 12, allow us to attribute this reduction in ${\mathrm{k}}_{\mathrm{c}}$ to the thinning of the membrane.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUORINATED ANALOGS OF THE TRICYCLIC NEUROLEPTICS 2,3‐DIFLUORO DERIVATIVE OF CLOROTHEPIN (1981)

Abstract Der Alkohol (Ia) wird mit SOCI, in DMF in das Chlorid (Ib) und dieses mit NaCN in das Nitril (Ic) übergeführt.
Synthesis and Biodistribution of a Novel <sup>99m</sup>TcN Complex of Norfloxacin Dithiocarbamate as a Potential Agent for Bacterial Infection Imaging (2011)

Achieving a (⁹⁹m)Tc-labeled fluoroquinolone derivative as a single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) tracer is considered to be of great interest. The norfloxacin dithiocarbamate (NFXDTC) was synthesized and radiolabeled with a [(⁹⁹m)TcN]²(+) intermediate to form the (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC complex in high yield. The radiochemical purity of (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC was over 90%, as measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), without any notable decomposition at room temperature over a period of 6 h. The partition coefficient and electrophoresis results indicated that (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC was lipophilic and neutral. The bacterial binding assay studies showed tht (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC had a good binding affinity. Biodistribution results in bacterial infected mice showed that (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC had a higher uptake at the sites of infection and better abscess/blood and abscess/muscle ratios than those of (⁹⁹m)Tc-ciprofloxacin and (⁹⁹m)TcN-CPFXDTC (CPFXDTC = ciprofloxacin dithiocarbamate). The biodistribution results of (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC in bacterially infected mice and in mice with turpentine-induced abscesses indicated that (⁹⁹m)TcN-NFXDTC was suited to be a bacteria-specific infection imaging agent. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image studies showed there was a visible accumulation in infection sites, suggesting that it would be a promising candidate for bacterial infection imaging.
Switches and Modulators Employing Frustrated Total Internal Reflection (1976)

Many aspects of the submillimeter region have led both microwave and infrared specialists to approach this regime from their respective fields. In overcoming the new technical difficulties, the standard existing techniques have been pushed from both ends to nearly their limit in order to accommodate this new domain. We would like to suggest the inclusion of one technique which has been used in both microwaves and infrared laser applications which has apparently been overlooked. The suggestion is to utilize FTIR type devices in order to achieve electro-optic effects without requiring electro-optic materials.
Multiple Reaction Monitoring to Identify Site-Specific Troponin I Phosphorylated Residues in the Failing Human Heart (2012)

Selective, functionally significant phosphorylation alterations occurred on individual residues of cardiac troponin I in heart failure, likely reflecting an imbalance in kinase/phosphatase activity. Such changes can be reversed by cardiac resynchronization.
Good as new (1994)

Get the clients to buy their furniture second-hand, rather than relying on tasteless, modern rubbish, says verity pink
Chain End Functionalization in Nitroxide-Mediated “Living” Free Radical Polymerizations (2001)

A novel method for the functionalization of vinyl polymers prepared by nitroxide-mediated living free radical procedures is reported. This strategy is based on the controlled monoaddition of maleic anhydride and maleimide derivatives to the alkoxyamine chain end followed by elimination of the mediating nitroxide radical. This allows the introduction of a wide variety of functional groups with high efficiency, while at the same time permitting the alkoxyamine functional group to be removed and the thermal stability of the polymer chain to be increased.