gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myeloid dendritic cell precursors generated from bone marrow suppress T cell responses via cell contact and nitric oxide production <i>in vitro</i> (2005)

Tolerogenic activity of myeloid dendritic cells (DC) has so far been attributed mostly to immature or semi-mature differentiation stages but never to their precursor cells. Although myeloid suppressor cells (MSC) have been isolated ex vivo, their developmental relationship to DC and their precise phenotype remained elusive. Here, we describe the generation of MSC as myeloid DC precursors with potent suppressive activity on allogeneic and OVA-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses in vitro. These MSC appear transiently in DC cultures of bone marrow (BM) cells after 8-10 days under low GM-CSF conditions or after 3-4 days under high GM-CSF conditions. They represent CD11c- myeloid precursor cells with ring-shaped nuclei and are Gr-1low (i.e. Ly-6C+, Ly-6Glow), CD11b+, CD31+, ER-MP58+, asialoGM1+ and F4/80+. Sorted MSC develop into CD11c+ DC within 6 days. Their suppressor activity partially depends on IFN-gamma stimulation. Suppression is mediated through mechanisms requiring cell contact and nitric oxide but is independent of TNF, CD1d and TGF-beta. Together, our data describe the generation of MSC with distinct suppressor mechanisms in vitro preceding their development into immature DC.
Tumor-Suppressive microRNAs in Lung Cancer: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Opportunities (2009)

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death for both men and women in the U.S. As for many other cancer types, lung cancer is not a single disease, but rather a variety of diseases that present different histopathological, molecular and clinical characteristics. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic tools are needed to manage and treat lung cancer patients. microRNAs are a recently discovered class of short, noncoding RNAs that constitute a novel and functionally important layer of gene regulation. Using new mouse transgenic models for lung cancer, Liu and colleagues reported a genome-wide microRNA expression analysis and identified a signature of down-regulated microRNAs in lung cancer tissues relative to adjacent normal lung. This signature was validated in clinical specimens from lung cancer patients, underscoring the relevance of this profile to human lung cancer. In vitro experiments demonstrated that restoring miR-34c, miR-145, or miR-142-5p expression markedly diminished proliferation of lung cancer cell lines. Here, we discuss the clinical implications of these findings for lung cancer biology, therapy, and prevention.
Single Lung Transplantation for Pulmonary Hypertension (1995)

Single lung transplantation can be performed in patients with end-stage pulmonary vascular disease with reasonable expectations for a relatively low operative mortality; immediate, complete, and durable amelioration of pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular failure; and optimal use of limited donor organ supply.
One-Pot Controllable Synthesis of Au@Ag Heterogeneous Nanorods with Highly Tunable Plasmonic Absorption (2013)

It generally requires a complex workup procedure for the fabrication of Au@Ag heterogeneous nanostructures with an accurate morphology by the present multistep seed-mediated growth approaches. In this paper, we present a new and straightforward method for the controllable synthesis of uniform Au@Ag heterogeneous nanorods (NRs) by coreduction of gold and silver sources in a one-pot polyol reaction. High-quality Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs of various aspect ratios were facilely and selectively produced in high concentration by tuning the initial experimental parameters. Our synthetic approach is highlighted by its simplicity, large-scale production, and controllability of the synthesis. Our study indicates the oxidative etching by O2/Cl– pairs plays a key role for the high-yield synthesis of uniform Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs. The size-dependent optical properties of Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs were first and systematically investigated. Our experiments reveal that Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs exhibit two strong absorption peaks that, respectively, originate from the transverse and longitudinal localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs). Moreover, the longitudinal LSPR can be facilely tuned from the visible to the near-infrared regions by changing the aspect ratio of Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs. Importantly, Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs synthesized by our method have an excellent stability. They can maintain their optical properties over a long period of time. Au@Ag heterogeneous NRs with an interesting plasmonic property would have fascinating application in surface plasmonics, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, chemical and biological sensing, optical labeling, and information storage.
A High-speed Entropy Decoder For Hdt~ (1992)

An experimental VLSI entropy decoder which consists of a variable-length decoder and a run-length decoder will be presented. The experimental prototype chip has been simulated at 75 MHz. It demonstrates the feasibility of efficient real-time entropy decoding at HDTV rates. In many important applications such as image, video, and text compression, entropy coding is used to exploit the statistics of the input data to achieve lossless data compression. The most often used entropy coding techniques include variable-length coding [l] and run-length coding [2]. In variable-length coding, shorter codewords are assigned to more probable source symbols so that the average bit-rate is reduced. In run-length coding, consecutive zeros are represented by the zero-run-length so that the number of samples is reduced. Many proposed video standards have included the variable-length coding and run-length coding as standard techniques in their coding algorithms [3-51. The variable-length nature of the codewords, however, introduces difficulties for high-speed entropy decoding (e.g. for HDTV rates at 50 MHz and above). After the concatenation of variable-length codewords, the word-boundary can not be determined explicitly before decoding. The decoder has to decode a codeword and its length, and shift the data-stream according to the decoded length before it can start decoding the next codeword. These are recursive operations that can not be pipelined. Besides this inherent feedback-loop, the variable-length decoder (VLD) also needs to handle the feedback from the run-length decoder (RLD) and the external buffer memory, and takes special actions when transmission errors occur In this paper, an experimental research prototype entropy decoder VLSI will be discussed. The experimental prototype chip includes a VLD and RLD. Since the RLD is relatively easy to implement, we will focus our discussions on the VLD. The maximum codelength is 16. The output of the VLD is 8-bit wide with the Most-Significant-Bit (MSB) indicating whether it is a run-length code. The output of the RLD is 7-bit wide. The chip has been simulated to operate at 75 MHz. At this clockrate, the VLD decodes 75 M samples/s and handles a maximum input rate of 1.2 Gb/s with a constant output rate of 600 Mb/s. The organization of the paper is as follows. In Section 2, the overall entropy decoder chip is described. In Section 3, the architecture and operation of the VLD is discussed. The implementation of the entropy decoder is discussed in Section 4. Some suggestions for even higher-speed implementations are discussed in Section 5. Finally, a conclusion is presented in Section 6.
An Efficient Technique for Designing High-Performance Millimeter-Wave Vector Modulators With Low Temperature Drift (2008)

Recently the demand for high-performance low-cost vector modulators for millimeter-wave direct carrier modulation applications is increasing. An efficient technique to improve the performance of the vector modulators has been proposed in this paper accordingly. This technique highlights the effect of the Lange coupler characteristic impedance and the cold pseudomorphic HEMT (pHEMT) total gatewidth on the performance. It is demonstrated by investigating two types of vector modulators, which employ unbalanced and balanced topologies. Furthermore, to reduce the temperature drift, a concise analysis of the thermal behavior of the vector modulators has been carried out. Based on the proposed technique, two types of monolithic vector modulators have been realized at 40 GHz on a 100-mum -thick GaAs substrate with 0.15-mum cold-pHEMT devices. The static constellations were obtained by using an automatic measurement system, and the temperature drifts were characterized by the measurement data from -55degC to 70degC . The results show that the technique is suitable for millimeter-wave vector modulator designs.
Feedforward carrier recovery via pilot-aided transmission for single-carrier systems with arbitrary M-QAM constellations (2011)

We exploit pilot-aided (PA) transmission enabled by single-sideband (SSB) subcarrier modulation of both quadrature signals in the DSP domain to achieve fully feedforward carrier recovery (FFCR) in single-carrier (SC) coherent systems with arbitrary M-QAM constellations. A thorough mathematical description of the proposed PA-FFCR is presented, its linewidth tolerance is assessed by simulations and compared to other FFCR schemes in literature. Also, implementation and complexity issues of PA-FFCR are presented and briefly compared with other CR schemes. Simulation results show that PA-FFCR performs close to the best known CR technique in the literature with less computation complexity. Quantitatively, for 1 dB optical-signal-to-noise-ratio (OSNR) penalty at BER = 3.8 × 10(-3), PA-FFCR tolerates linewidth-symbol-duration products (Δf.Ts) of 1.5 × 10(-4) (4-QAM), 4 × 10(-5) (16-QAM) and 1 × 10(-5) (64-QAM). Finally, we propose the use of maximum likelihood (ML) phase estimation next to pilot phase compensation. This significantly improves tolerable Δf.Ts values to 7.5 × 10(-4) (4-QAM), 1.8 × 10(-4) (16-QAM) and 3.5 × 10(-5) (64-QAM). It turns out that PA-FFCR with ML always performs better or at least the same compared to other CR techniques known in literature with lower complexity in addition to the fact that pilot information can be as well exploited for tasks other than CR e.g., fiber nonlinearity compensation, with no extra complexity.
Recommending tests in a multimembership Bayesian diagnostic expert system (1991)

A computerized test selection module for a multimembership Bayesian diagnostic expert system built to recommend tests to further refine the differential diagnosis is described. The output of the program includes recommendations for individual tests, for groups of tests to be administered in sequence, and for groups of parallel tests. The original set of available tests is large. This generates a large number of groups of tests, any of which could possibly provide the most valuable information. Selection of the proper subset of tests from the original set is critical. A smaller proper subset of tests improves the systems response time by avoiding unnecessary calculation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Pressure on the Rate of Solvolysis of Benzyl Chloride in Aqueous Ethanol (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Effect of Pressure on the Rate of Solvolysis of Benzyl Chloride in Aqueous EthanolJ. B. Hyne, H. S. Golinkin, and W. G. LaidlawCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 10, 2104–2108Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00962a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00962a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The potential of microacoustic SAW- and BAW-based sensors for automotive applications - a review (2002)

In recent years, sensors and sensor systems have gained increasing importance for automotive electronics. In this paper, the suitability and the perspectives in the application of microacoustic surface- and bulk-acoustic-wave sensors in the fields of angular rate sensors, pressure sensors, wireless sensor readout, and liquid sensors are discussed.
Parallel hierarchical global routing for general cell layout (2002)

In this paper we present a parallel global routing algorithm for general cell layout. The algorithm applies a hierarchical decomposition strategy that recursively divides routing problems into simple, independent subproblems for parallel processing. The solution of each subproblem is based on integer programming and network flow optimization. The algorithm is implemented on a shared-memory machine and experiment results on different examples show relative speedup between 4 and 5 for 8 processors. The speedup is achieved without compromising the quality of the routing results.
The Generalized Direct-Coupled Cavity Linear Phase Filter (1970)

A procedure is described whereby narrow-band waveguide generalized direct-coupled cavity linear phase filters may be designed from a low-pass prototype linear phase network. The structure is comprised of two identical conventional half-wave direct-coupled cavity filters with shunt inductive irises, cross coupled by small apertures in the narrow wall between adjacent cavities. Explicit formulas for the susceptances of the irises, the cross coupling apertures, and the electrical lengths of the cavities are given in terms of the element values of the low-pass prototype. Measured results on two X-band filters are given with fractional bandwidths of 0.15 percent and 0.85 percent. Both were designed upon the maximally flat prototype, the former being an 8-cavity filter while the latter is a 14-cavity version and illustrates the dispersion effect due to the frequency-dependence of the inductive irises.
Unlocking the Electrocatalytic Activity of Antimony for CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction by Two‐Dimensional Engineering of the Bulk Material (2017)

Abstract Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are known to be useful in catalysis. Engineering 3D bulk materials into the 2D form can enhance the exposure of the active edge sites, which are believed to be the origin of the high catalytic activity. Reported herein is the production of 2D “few‐layer” antimony (Sb) nanosheets by cathodic exfoliation. Application of this 2D engineering method turns Sb, an inactive material for CO 2 reduction in its bulk form, into an active 2D electrocatalyst for reduction of CO 2 to formate with high efficiency. The high activity is attributed to the exposure of a large number of catalytically active edge sites. Moreover, this cathodic exfoliation process can be coupled with the anodic exfoliation of graphite in a single‐compartment cell for in situ production of a few‐layer Sb nanosheets and graphene composite. The observed increased activity of this composite is attributed to the strong electronic interaction between graphene and Sb.
Subgingival metronidazole in dialysis tubing and subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation in the control of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease (1984)

The present investigation compared subgingival metronidazole in dialysis tubing and subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation in the control of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease. 10 patients with 4 mm or deeper periodontal pockets were divided into 2 groups. Both received baseline scaling, root planing, subcontact area cleaning and instruction in the Bass technique of tooth brushing, but not in interdental cleaning. One group with 80 pockets received 0.2% chlorhexidine subgingival irrigation for 28 days and the other with 86 pockets received 0.5% metronidazole solution incorporated in subgingivally placed dialysis tubing. The tubings were replaced with freshly filled ones at days 7, 14 and 21. Active treatment ceased at day 28. Plaque Index, Sulcus Bleeding Index, pocket depth and gingival shrinkage were recorded at days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56 and 84. Subgingival 0.5% metronidazole in dialysis tubing and 0.2% chlorhexidine irrigation were found to be equally effective in reducing chronic periodontitis. Metronidazole reduced Plaque Index less but pocket depth more than chlorhexidine. Improvements were maintained significantly below baseline levels for at least 8 weeks after the end of the 4-week treatment period.
Uptake and metabolism of fluorescent ceramide analogs by rat oligodendrocytes in culture (1992)

We studied the metabolism of sphingolipids by oligodendrocytes derived from rat spinal cord by providing lipid vesicles with either N-lissamine-rhodaminyl-ceramide (LRh-Cer) or N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)-ceramide (NBD-Cer) to the cells cultured in a chemically-defined medium. With both probes the major fluorescent product turned out to be sphingomyelin (SM). Most of LRh-SM was not cell-associated but recovered from the culture medium, probably due to back-exchange to the lipid vesicles. The accumulation of LRh-SM, both in the cells and in the medium, was inhibited in the presence of monensin or brefeldin A, whereas the production of NBD-SM was much less affected by these Golgi perturbing drugs. With LRh-Cer as substrate, LRh-labelled fatty acid (FA), galactosyl- and sulfogalactosyl-ceramides (GalCer and SGalCer) were also formed. NBD-Cer, however, was metabolized to glucosylceramide (GlcCer) and GalCer but not to SGalCer or NBD-FA. These data demonstrate that chemical modifications of ceramide alter its metabolism in oligodendrocytes and that the metabolites of LRh-Cer reflect the glycolipid composition of myelin more closely than those of NBD-Cer.
Selective Delignification of Birch Wood<i>(Betula papyrifera)</i>by<i>Hirschioporus pargamenus</i>in the Field and Laboratory (1986)

Article Selective Delignification of Birch Wood (Betula papyrifera) by Hirschioporus pargamenus in the Field and Laboratory was published on January 1, 1986 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 40, issue 3).
Recent Progress on Organic Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diode Lightings (2016)

유기 발광 다이오드(OLED)는 학문 및 산업분야에서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. OLED는 이미 휴대폰과 TV분야에서 상업화에 성공하고 있으며, 조명분야에서는 기존에 사용되어왔던 백열등, 형광등과는 다르게 면발광, 대면적, 초경량, 초박형, 유연성의 특징은 물론 낮은 에너지 사용 등의 차별성을 가지고 있기 때문에 최근 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 본 논문에서는 white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED)에 적용되는 대표적인 형광 및 인광 발광 재료들을 소개한다. 이렇게 선행 연구된 물질들을 이해하고 체계적으로 분류하는 것은 앞으로 새로운 발광 재료를 연구, 개발하는데 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) has drawn a lot of attention in academic and industrial fields, which has been successfully commercialized in mobile phones and TV's. In the field of lighting, unlike the existing incandescent or fluorescent lighting, OLED has distinctive qualities such as surface lighting-emission, large-area, lightweight, ultrathin, flexibility in addition to low energy use. This article introduces prominent fluorescent, phosphorescent, and luminescent materials applied to white OLED (WOLED). The understanding and systematic classification of previously studied substances are expected to be greatly helpful for the development of new luminous materials in future.
Growth of aligned carbon nanotubes by biasing during growth (2001)

Well aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) growth was achieved by positively biasing the substrate during growth. Growth was performed in a flowing mixture of 7% CH4 in Ar onto Co covered Si held at 800 °C with and without the presence of an electric field. High resolution scanning electron microscopy shows that the tube alignment occurs only when a positive bias is applied to the substrate whereas no aligned growth occurs under a negative bias and no tube growth is observed, under the presently applied conditions, with no field. This finding may open up the possibility of realizing cold electron emitting devices based on CNTs with a large electric field enhancement. In particular, it may be possible to utilize the same gate which is needed to turn the device on also to obtain field assisted aligned carbon nanotube growth into the desired regions. Alternatively, due to the fact that no CNTs grow under the conditions of this experiment without bias, selected area biasing may permit selected area growth of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes, a process that may find many applications.
<scp>CD</scp>36 deficiency among South‐East Asian populations (2016)

Immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia is commonly caused by platelet‐reactive antibodies mostly against polymorphic structures residing on platelet glycoproteins such as human leucocyte antigen and human platelet antigen ( HLA class I and HPA ). In the Japanese population, some individuals do not express CD 36 ( CD 36 null also known as Nak a ) on the cell surface. Immunization of these individuals can lead to the development of CD 36 iso antibodies (anti‐Nak a ) which play a role in the mechanism of platelet transfusion refractoriness, post‐transfusion purpura and fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Until today, however, little is known about the clinical relevance of CD 36 deficiency and CD 36 iso antibodies among other South‐East Asian populations. Therefore, multinational study was organised under the aegis of the ISBT to study the distribution of CD 36 deficiency in this region.
Hearing Loss in Adults (2017)

Half of adults in their seventh decade and 80% who are at least 85 years old have hearing loss. Understanding the auditory system and the diseases affecting each component of it allows clinicians to address the problem and refer patients to appropriate personnel.
The biosynthetic precursor of epidermal growth factor and the mechanism of its processing. (1979)

The biosynthesis of epidermal growth factor (EGF) was studied in mouse submaxillary glands incubated with L-[35S]cystine. EGF and EGF-like proteins were isolated from the gland homogenates by immunoprecipitation with anti-EGF antiserum. The major species appearing after short labeling periods is significantly larger (Mr, 9000) than EGF. The label in the Mr 9000 species plateaus after 1 hr whereas tha in EGF continuously increases. When glands are chased with unlabeled L-cystine after a brief period of labeling, the Mr 9000 peak decreases and a corresponding amount of label appears in EGF. The Mr 9000 species was isolated from boiled homogenates in which it accounts for approximately 1% of the total EGF content. It contains five of the six chymotryptic peptides of EGF and a sixth peptide which is a modified form of the COOH-terminal chymotryptic peptide of EGF. Of the arginyl esteropeptidases, gamma subunit of 7S nerve growth factor, beta-endopeptidase, trypsin, and EGF-binding protein, only the latter converts the isolated Mr 9000 species to EGF. The extrapeptide material released in the conversion comes from the COOH terminus of the Mr 9000 species. These results suggest that the Mr 9000 species is a biosynthetic precursor of EGF and that the EGF-binding protein is the specific intracellular cleaving enzyme that converts the precursor to EGF. In the process, the stable high molecular weight complex of EGF is formed.