gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Nutrient Utilization by Calves Fed Milk Replacers Containing Milk or Soybean Protein-Concentrate Heated to Various Degrees (1971)

Abstract Four groups of six Israeli-Friesian calves each, 7 to 10 days old, were fed on all-milk replacer-Milkvit, and heated, partly heated, and raw soybean milk replacers for 46 days. The calves fed raw and partly heated replacers did not grow while on these diets. The growth rate of the calves fed the heated replacer was 35% that of those fed the Milkvit control during the first 10 days and 95% after the first month. Heating improved the digestibility of the soybean protein from 72% for the raw to 79 and 88% in the partly heated and heated soybean replacer groups. Blood urea was highest in the raw and partly heated, intermediate in the heated soybean replacer group and lowest in the Milkvit-fed calves. Blood glucose was highest in the Milkvit group shortly after feeding, and lowest in the raw and partly heated soybean replacer groups. Soybean diets diminished markedly the incidence and severity of diarrhea. Soybean concentrate, when included in the diets of suckling calves, should be properly heated.
Direct Effects of Nerve Growth Factor on Thecal Cells from Antral Ovarian Follicles (2000)

TrkA, the nerve growth factor (NGF) tyrosine kinase receptor, is expressed not only in the nervous system, but also in nonneural cells, including discrete cellular subsets of the endocrine and immune system. In the rat ovary, trkA receptor abundance increases strikingly in thecal-interstitial cells during the hours preceding the first ovulation. Blockade of either trkA transducing capacity or NGF biological activity inhibited ovulation, suggesting a role for NGF in the ovulatory process of this species. To identify some of the processes that may be affected by trkA activation in the thecal compartment, we used purified thecal cells/thecal fibroblasts from bovine ovaries (heretofore referred to as thecal cells). Ribonuclease protection assays employing bovine-specific cRNA probes demonstrated the presence of the messenger RNAs (mRNAs) encoding NGF and its receptors, p75 NTR and trkA, in the thecal compartment of small, medium, and large antral follicles and showed that trkA mRNA is also expressed in granulosa cells. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical examination of intact ovaries confirmed these cellular sites of NGF and trkA synthesis. TrkA mRNA, but not NGF mRNA, was lost within 48 h of placing thecal cells in culture. Thus, to study trkA-mediated actions of NGF on these cells we transiently expressed the receptor by transfection with a vector containing a full-length rat trkA complementary DNA under transcriptional control of the cytomegalovirus promoter. Because ovulation is preceded by an LH-dependent increase in androgen and progesterone production, the ability of NGF to modify the release of these steroids was determined in freshly plated cells still containing endogenous trkA receptors and in cells undergoing luteinization in culture that were transiently transfected with the trkA-encoding plasmid. NGF stimulated both androgen and progesterone release in freshly plated thecal cells, but not in luteinizing cells provided with trkA receptors. As ovulation in rodents requires an increased formation of PGE2 and has been shown to be antedated by proliferation of thecal fibroblasts, we determined the ability of NGF to affect these parameters in trkA-transfected thecal cells. The neurotrophin rapidly stimulated PGE2 release and amplified the early steroidal response to hCG in trkA-expressing cells, but not in cells lacking the receptor. Likewise, NGF stimulated [3H]thymidine incorporation into trkA-containing cells, but not into cells that had lost the receptor in culture. Induction of ovulation in immature rats by gonadotropin treatment verified that an increased cell proliferation in the thecal compartment, determined by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine into cell nuclei, occurs 4–5 h before ovulation in this species. These results suggest that the contribution of NGF to the ovulatory process includes a stimulatory effect of the neurotrophin on steroidogenesis, PGE2 formation, and proliferative activity of thecal compartment cells.
Representation of multiscale heterogeneity via multiscale pore networks (2013)

[1] Developing a better understanding of single-/multiphase flow through reservoir rocks largely relies on characterizing and modeling the pore system. For simple homogeneous rock materials, a complete description of the real pore structure can be obtained from the pore network extracted from a rock image at a single resolution, and then an accurate prediction of fluid flow properties can be achieved by using network model. However, for complex rocks (e.g., carbonates, heterogeneous sandstones, deformed rocks), a comprehensive description of the real pore structure may involve several decades of length scales (e.g., from submicron to centimeters), which cannot be captured by a single-resolution image due to the restriction of image size and resolution. Hence, the reconstruction of a single 3-D multiple-scale model of a porous medium is an important step in quantitatively characterizing such heterogeneous rocks and predicting their multiphase flow properties. In this paper, we present a novel methodology for the numerical construction of the multiscale pore structure of a complex rock from a number of CT images/models of a carbonate sample at several length scales. The success of this reconstruction relies heavily on image segmentation, pore network extraction and stochastic network generation, which are provided by our existing software system, referred to as Pore Analysis Tools (PAT). Specifically, the statistical description of pore networks of 3-D rock images at multiple resolutions makes it possible for us to: (a) construct an arbitrary sized network which is equivalent in a specified domain, and (b) integrate multiple networks of different sizes into a single network incorporating all scales. Using multiscale networks of carbonate rocks generated in this manner, two-phase network modeling results are presented to show how the resulting flow properties are dependent on inclusion of information from multiple scales. These outcomes reinforce the importance of capturing both geometry and topology in the hierarchical pore structure for such complex pore systems. The example presented reveals that isolated large-scale (e.g., macro-) pores are mainly connected by small-scale (e.g., micro-) pores, which in turn determines the combined effective petrophysical properties (capillary pressure, absolute and relative permeability). It is also demonstrated that multi- (three) scale networks reveal the effects of the interacting multiscale pore systems (e.g., micropores, macropores, and vugs) on bulk flow properties in terms of two-phase flow properties.
Introduction (1995)

Although the subject of this book is optical communications, the field encompasses many different aspects of electronic engineering: electromagnetic theory, semiconductor physics, communications theory, signal processing, and electronic design. In a book of this length, we could not hope to cover every one of these different fields in detail. Instead, we will deal with some aspects in-depth, and cover others by more general discussion. Before we start our studies, let us see how modern-day optical communications came about.
Free-Radical Reactions in the Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and Derivatives (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFree-Radical Reactions in the Synthesis of α-Amino Acids and DerivativesChristopher J. EastonView Author Information Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 1, 53–82Publication Date (Web):February 5, 1997Publication History Received21 June 1996Revised15 October 1996Published online5 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9402844https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9402844research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3564Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Reaction products,Transfer reactions Get e-Alerts
mtDNA polymorphism in two communities of Jews. (1991)

Twenty-one types of mtDNA were found in a survey of 39 Israeli Jews, of whom 18 were Sephardic and 21 Ashkenazic. The survey was made with six restriction enzymes that together recognize an average of 600 bp/genome. The differences among the types appear to be due to base substitution at 19 cleavage sites, one deletion, and one conformational mutation. The numbers of differences imply that these modern Jews stem from a minimum of 21 maternal lineages that were already distinct from one another 4,000-5,000 years ago. In three of the four cases where a type was found in more than one person, it occurred in both Ashkenazic and Sephardic populations. The diversity of types in the combined sample of two Jewish populations is lower than both that in a sample from various parts of Africa and that in a sample from various parts of East Asia. Nevertheless, it is as high as that in a sample from diverse parts of New Guinea, an area much larger than that in Israel to which the Jewish population traces back.
Wideband uniplanar 180° phase switch (2009)

A wideband 180° phase switch is developed at millimetre-wave frequencies (31 GHz centre frequency) using uniplanar technology. The circuit is designed using coplanar-to-slotline transitions and commercial pin diodes as switching devices. The implementation is straightforward, fast in terms of fabrication and low-cost. The circuits tested, made on an alumina substrate, show a phase difference between states of 180°±2°, providing 40% bandwidth with in-band insertion loss lower than 2.5 dB and a return loss better than 10 dB. The phase switch provides a ±5° phase error in a bandwidth of around 60%, from 18 to 38 GHz.
Studies on the Orientation of ACEL ZnS:Cu Particles in Applied AC Fields (2013)

In the last sixty years the understanding of the mechanisms of alternating current electroluminescence (ACEL) in transition metal-doped zinc sulfides, in particular ZnS:Cu particles has been the goal of all workers in the field. An in depth understanding of the crystallography and uncommon hemimorphic nature of these particles has lead to some understanding as to mechanism of light emission under an alternating current field. Hydrochloric acid etching of ZnS:Cu particles has allowed an intimate study of the hemimorphic nature and high density of planar stacking faults present in the particles that are critical for ACEL to occur. This work using complimentary field emission scanning electron microscopy and digital optical microscopy shows that the alignment of the planar stacking faults of these particles relative to the applied electric field is critical for light emission. Perpendicular alignment of the stacking faults results in no emission of light; as the alignment gradually approaches parallel emission increases and at parallel reaches a maximum. Thus, for devices using these materials alignment of the particles with the electric field is most important to maximize light output.
Multielement instrumental neutron activation analysis of biological materials (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultielement instrumental neutron activation analysis of biological materialsR. A. Nadkarni and G. H. MorrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1973, 45, 11, 1957–1960Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60333a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60333a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of bioconjugates of CdTe nanocrystals for cancer marker detection (2006)

Highly fluorescent CdTe quantum dots (Q-dots) stabilized by 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA) were prepared by an aqueous solution approach and used as fluorescent labels in detecting a cancer marker, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), expressed on human colon carcinoma cell line LS 180. Nonspecific adsorptions of CdTe Q-dots on carcinoma cells were observed and effectively eliminated by replacing MPA with a thiolated PEG (poly(ethylene glycol), Mn = 750) synthesized according to literature. It was unexpectedly found out that the PEG-coated CdTe Q-dots exhibited very strong and specific affinity to anti-CEA monoclonal antibody rch 24 (rch 24 mAb). The resultant CdTe–(rch 24 mAb) conjugates were successfully used in detections of CEA expressed on the surface of cell line LS 180. Further experiments demonstrated that the fluorescent CdTe Q-dots exhibited much better photostability and a brighter fluorescence than FITC, which consequently led to a higher efficiency in the cancer marker detection.
Isolation of a New Phytosterol: Campesterol (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation of a New Phytosterol: CampesterolErhard Fernholz and H. B. MacPhillamyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 4, 1155–1156Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01849a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01849a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views276Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feasibility of monitoring the strength of HTGR core support graphite: Part III (1983)

Methods are being developed to monitor, in-situ, the strength changes of graphite core-support components in a High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR). The results reported herein pertain to the development of techniques for monitoring the core-support blocks; the PGX graphite used in these studies is the grade used for the core-support blocks of the Fort St. Vrain HTGR, and is coarser-grained than the grades used in our previous investigations. The through-transmission ultrasonic velocity technique, developed for monitoring strength of the core-support posts, is not suitable for use on the core-support blocks. Eddy-current and ultrasonic backscattering techniques have been shown to be capable of measuring the density-depth profile in oxidized PGX and, combined with a correlation of strength versus density, could yield an estimate of the strength-depth profile of in-service HTGR core support blocks. Correlations of strength versus density and other properties, and progress on the development of the eddy-current and ultrasonic backscattering techniques are reported.
Mutations in LYRM4, encoding iron–sulfur cluster biogenesis factor ISD11, cause deficiency of multiple respiratory chain complexes (2013)

Iron-sulfur clusters (ISCs) are important prosthetic groups that define the functions of many proteins. Proteins with ISCs (called iron-sulfur or Fe-S proteins) are present in mitochondria, the cytosol, the endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleus. They participate in various biological pathways including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the citric acid cycle, iron homeostasis, heme biosynthesis and DNA repair. Here, we report a homozygous mutation in LYRM4 in two patients with combined OXPHOS deficiency. LYRM4 encodes the ISD11 protein, which forms a complex with, and stabilizes, the sulfur donor NFS1. The homozygous mutation (c.203G>T, p.R68L) was identified via massively parallel sequencing of >1000 mitochondrial genes (MitoExome sequencing) in a patient with deficiency of complexes I, II and III in muscle and liver. These three complexes contain ISCs. Sanger sequencing identified the same mutation in his similarly affected cousin, who had a more severe phenotype and died while a neonate. Complex IV was also deficient in her skeletal muscle. Several other Fe-S proteins were also affected in both patients, including the aconitases and ferrochelatase. Mutant ISD11 only partially complemented for an ISD11 deletion in yeast. Our in vitro studies showed that the l-cysteine desulfurase activity of NFS1 was barely present when co-expressed with mutant ISD11. Our findings are consistent with a defect in the early step of ISC assembly affecting a broad variety of Fe-S proteins. The differences in biochemical and clinical features between the two patients may relate to limited availability of cysteine in the newborn period and suggest a potential approach to therapy.
Condensation of Hydroxyaromatic Compounds with Formaldehyde and Primary Aromatic Amines (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Hydroxyaromatic Compounds with Formaldehyde and Primary Aromatic AminesW. J. Burke, K. C. Murdock, and Grace EcCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 6, 1677–1679Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01635a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01635a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views778Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Living wall (2010)

The Living Wall project explores the construction and application of interactive wallpaper. Using conductive, resistive, and magnetic paints we produced wallpaper that enables us to create dynamic, reconfigurable, programmable spaces. The wallpaper consists of circuitry that is painted onto a sheet of paper and a set of electronic modules that are attached to it with magnets. The wallpaper can be used for a multitude of functional and fanciful applications involving lighting, environmental sensing, appliance control, and ambient information display.
Characteristics of metal-diffused LiNbO3 for acoustic devices (1977)

The diffusion of Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn in LiNbO3 has been studied. The diffusion coefficients and activation energies are given. The effect of the diffused dopants on the acoustic velocity has been measured.
Convenient routes to pyrrolo[3,2-b]-, pyrrolo[3,2-c]-, and pyrrolo[2,3-c]-quinolines, and a study of the pyrolysis of 2-quinolylhydrazones (1976)

A useful one-step synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-b]quinoline (1) from 3-amino-2-methylquinoline and the preparations of derivatives of pyrrolo[3,2-c]-(12) and pyrrolo[2,3-c]-quinoline (21) are described. Pyrolysis of deoxybenzoin 2-quinolylhydrazone (26) is shown to give 2-aminoquinoline (31), 2,3-diphenylimidazo[1,2-a]quinoline (32), and tetraphenylpyrrole (36); butan-2-one 2-quinolylhydrazone (27) gives the aminoquinoline (31), 2,2′-azoquinoline (35), and what is probably an aminodiquinolylamine (33). The mechanisms of these pyrolyses are discussed.
Inhibition of Akt/GSK3β signalling pathway by<i>Legionella pneumophila</i>is involved in induction of T-cell apoptosis (2010)

Legionella pneumophila is the causative agent of human Legionnaires' disease. L. pneumophila has been shown to induce apoptosis of T-cells and this may be important pathologically and clinically. The present study has determined the molecular mechanisms underlying L. pneumophila-induced apoptosis, which were unclear. Wild-type L. pneumophila and flagellin-deficient Legionella, but not L. pneumophila lacking a functional type IV secretion system Dot/Icm, replicated in T-cells. However, apoptosis was efficiently induced in T-cells only by wild-type L. pneumophila, and not flagellin-deficient or Dot/Icm-deficient Legionella. Induction of apoptosis involved activation of the initiator caspase 9 and effector caspase 3. Infection with L. pneumophila inhibited phosphorylation of Akt (also known as protein kinase B) and the Akt substrate GSK3beta (glycogen synthase kinase 3beta), and reduced the levels of beta-catenin, a transcriptional activator regulated by GSK3beta. It also caused the activation of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and inhibited the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis) via inhibition of the Akt pathway. In conclusion, L. pneumophila induces mitochondria-mediated T-cell apoptosis through inhibition of the Akt/GSK3beta signalling pathway.