gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone in Immune Reconstitution (1999)

Immune cell death or dysfunction is induced by HIV infection and results in an immunocompromised state. Newer treatments are able to control viral replication to prevent massive cytoreduction. Attention must now focus on therapies that will rapidly reconstitute the immune system to provide defense against future HIV attacks as well as opportunistic infections. In addition to increasing the rate of differentiation of myeloid and lymphoid precursors from marrow stem cells, ideal therapies should improve thymic function as well. Growth hormone (GH), a member of the hematopoietic cytokine superfamily and its receptors, is expressed in multiple sites within the immune system. GH has been shown to have a stimulatory effect on the function of thymic cells, as well as other immune cell types. In this paper, we consider the use of GH to reconstitute the immune system following cytoreduction due to HIV infection.
Penicillin biosynthesis: active site mapping with<scp>L</scp>-α-aminoadipoyl-(C-methyl-<scp>L</scp>-cysteinyl)-<scp>D</scp>-valine variants (1987)

A series of structural variants of the cysteinyl moiety of the natural precursor of penicillins, δ(L-α-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine, have been synthesised and their effectiveness as substrates for the enzyme isopenicillin N synthetase has been evaluated.
Lipid ester-bound aldehydes among copper-catalyzed peroxidation products of human plasma lipoproteins. (1995)

We have isolated the core aldehydes (aldehydes still bound to parent molecules) of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesteryl esters (CE) from copper-catalyzed peroxidation of human plasma low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoproteins. The aldehydes were isolated by extraction with acidified chloroform-methanol containing 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone (DNPH) derivatives formed were resolved by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by on-line quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The major PC core aldehydes from oxidized LDL and HDL were identified as 1-palmitoyl-(1-stearoyl) 2-(9-oxononanoyl)-, 1-palmitoyl-(1-stearoyl) 2-(8-oxooctanoyl)-, and 1-palmitoyl-(1-stearoyl) 2-(5-oxovaleroyl)-sn-glycerols after phospholipase C digestion of the DNPH derivatives of the phospholipids. The major aldehydes from peroxidation of cholesteryl esters were the 9-oxononanoyl, 8-oxooctanoyl, and 5-oxovaleroyl esters of cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. The core aldehydes were estimated to account for a minimum of 1-2% of the consumed linoleate and arachidonate esters. A relatively smaller yield of the PC core aldehydes from LDL compared to HDL was attributed to the presence of greater amounts of phospholipases in LDL than in HDL. More comparable yields of PC core aldehydes were obtained in the presence of phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride, which inhibits phospholipases. We conclude that peroxidation of LDL and HDL results in formation of detectable amounts of cholesteryl and glycerophospholipid esters containing aldehyde functions. The yield of PC aldehydes varies with the activity of the platelet activating factor (PAF) acetyl hydrolase.
Directing the Deformation Paths of Soft Metamaterials with Prescribed Asymmetric Units (2015)

By prescribing asymmetric ligaments with different arrangements in elastomeric porous membranes of pre-twisted kagome lattices, the buckling instability is avoided, allowing for smooth and homogenous structural reconfiguration in a deterministic fashion. The stress-strain behaviors and negative Poisson's ratios can be tuned by the pre-twisting angles.
Minimizing light exposure with the programmable array microscope (2010)

The exposure of fluorophores to intense illumination in a microscope often results in photobleaching and phototoxicity, thus constituting a major limiting factor in time lapse live cell or single molecule imaging. Laser scanning confocal microscopes are particularly prone to this problem, inasmuch as they require high irradiances to compensate for the inherently low duty cycle of point scanning systems. In the attempt to maintain adequate speed and signal-to-noise ratios, the fluorophores are often driven into saturation, thereby generating a nonlinear response. One approach for reducing photodegradation in the laser scanning confocal microscope is represented by controlled light exposure microscopy, introduced by Manders and colleagues. The strategy is to reduce the illumination intensity in both background areas (devoid of information) as well as in bright foreground regions, for which an adequate signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved with lower excitation levels than those required for the less intense foreground pixels/voxels. Such a variable illumination scheme can also be exploited in widefield microscopes that employ lower irradiance but higher illumination duty cycles. We report here on the adaptation of the controlled light exposure microscopy principle to the programmable array microscope, which achieves optical sectioning by use of a spatial light modulator (SLM) in an image plane as a programmable mask for illumination and conjugate (and nonconjugate) detection. By incorporating the basic controlled light exposure microscopy concept for minimizing exposure, we have obtained a reduction in the rate of photobleaching of up to ~5-fold, while maintaining an image quality comparable to regular imaging with the programmable array microscope.
Crosstalk reduction in stereoscopic 3D displays: Disparity adjustment using crosstalk visibility index for crosstalk cancellation (2014)

Stereoscopic displays provide viewers with a truly fascinating viewing experience. However, current stereoscopic displays suffer from crosstalk that is detrimental to image quality, depth quality, and visual comfort. In order to reduce the perceived crosstalk in stereoscopic displays, this paper proposes a crosstalk reduction method that combines disparity adjustment and crosstalk cancellation. The main idea of the proposed method is to displace the visible crosstalk using the disparity adjustment in a way that less amounts of intensity leakage occur on perceptually important regions in a scene. To this purpose, we estimate a crosstalk visibility index map for the scene that represents pixel-by-pixel importance values associated with the amount of perceived crosstalk and negative-after-effects of the crosstalk cancellation. Based on the crosstalk visibility index, we introduce a new disparity adjustment method that reduces the annoying crosstalk in processed images, which is followed by the crosstalk cancellation. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been successfully evaluated by subjective assessments of image quality and viewing preference. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively improves the image quality and overall viewing quality of stereoscopic videos.
Undergraduate Research Program in Chemistry at Philander Smith College (1970)

3. Melosira Numuloides and Grammataphora have also been observed to rotate the plane of polarization of visible light.4. Some specimens of Triceratium favus, Nitzschia sp. and Coscinodiscus sp. from Pensacola, Florida, and St. Andrews Bay, Florida, have also exhibited optical activity.10 The reasons why these diatoms affect the plane of polarization of visible light is not yet thoroughly understood.
Susceptibility of I<sub>α</sub>- and I<sub>β</sub>-Dominated Cellulose to TEMPO-Mediated Oxidation (2015)

The susceptibility of Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose to TEMPO-mediated oxidation was studied in this work since the cellulose Iα-allomorph is generally considered to be thermodynamically less stable and therefore more reactive than the cellulose Iβ-allomorph. Highly crystalline Cladophora nanocellulose, which is dominated by the Iα-allomorph, was oxidized to various degrees with TEMPO oxidant via bulk electrolysis in the absence of co-oxidants. Further, the Cladophora nanocellulose was thermally annealed in glycerol to produce its Iβ-dominated form and then oxidized. The produced materials were subsequently studied using FTIR, CP/MAS (13)C NMR, XRD, and SEM. The solid-state analyses confirmed that the annealed Cladophora cellulose was successfully transformed from an Iα- to an Iβ-dominated form. The results of the analyses of pristine and annealed TEMPO-oxidized samples suggest that Iα- and Iβ-dominated cellulose do not differ in susceptibility to TEMPO-oxidation. This work hence suggests that cellulose from different sources are not expected to differ in susceptibility to the oxidation due to differences in allomorph composition.
INFORMATION SYSTEMS AUDIT CURRICULA CONTENT MATCHING (2014)

Financial and internal auditors must cope with the challenge of performing their mission in technology enhanced environment. In this article we match the information technology description found in the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) and the Institute of Internal Auditors (IIA) curricula against the Model Curriculum issued by the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA). By reviewing these three curricula, we matched the content in the ISACA Model Curriculum with the IFAC International Education Practice Statement 2 and the IIAs’ Global Model Internal Audit Curriculum. In the IFAC and IIA Curriculum there are 16 content elements, out of 19 possible, which match, in their description, the ISACA Model Curriculum’s content. We noticed that a candidate who graduates an IFAC or IIA compliant program acquire IS auditing competences similar to the specific content of the ISACA model curriculum but less than the requirements for a professional information systems auditor.
Study on CAN-Based Lighting and Identifying System for Automobiles (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Exponential algorithmic speedup by a quantum walk (2003)

We construct a black box graph traversal problem that can be solved exponentially faster on a quantum computer than on a classical computer. The quantum algorithm is based on a continuous time quantum walk, and thus employs a different technique from previous quantum algorithms based on quantum Fourier transforms. We show how to implement the quantum walk efficiently in our black box setting. We then show how this quantum walk solves our problem by rapidly traversing a graph. Finally, we prove that no classical algorithm can solve the problem in subexponential time.
1H NMR Based Targeted Metabolite Profiling for Understanding the Complex Relationship Connecting Oxidative Stress with Endometriosis (2013)

Accumulating evidence indicates the active role of oxidative stress in the development of endometriosis; however, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species generation is poorly understood. Metabonomics/metabolomics is a scientific discipline that can be used to study changes in metabolite ensembles associated with disease pathophysiology. The present study focuses on the use of proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy based targeted metabolite profiling approach to explore dysregulation in metabolites expression in women with endometriosis. Further, association of oxidative stress with the metabolite ensembles, if any, is investigated. Using multivariate statistics, partial least square discriminant analysis model was generated which could classify endometriosis patients with sensitivity and specificity of 92.83% and 100%, respectively, and with a classification rate of 96.4%. In conjunction with increased glucose metabolism, citrate and succinate were found to be elevated in endometriosis patients. Higher levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and advanced oxidation protein products and lower levels of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione were also observed. Increased glucose metabolism and defects in the mitochondrial respiratory system are suggested to be the possible sources of excessive reactive oxygen species generation in endometriosis.
An efficient logic emulation system (1992)

The Realizer, a system which automatically configures a network of field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to implement large digital logic designs, is presented. Logic and interconnect are separated to achieve optimum FPGA utilization. The interconnection architecture, called the partial crossbar, greatly reduces system-level placement and routing complexity, achieves bounded interconnect delay, scales linearly with pin count, and allows hierarchical expansion to systems with hundreds or thousands of FPGA devices in a fast and uniform way. An actual multiboard system has been built, using 42 XC3090 FPGAs for logic. A 32-b CPU datapath has been automatically realized and operated at speed, and demonstrates very good FPGA utilization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The synthesis of novel macrocyclic multidentate compounds from dioxodioic acids (1977)

Abstract A series of novel macrocyclic multidentate crown compounds have been prepared from a series of dioxodioic acids. The dioxodioic acids were prepared by treating various oligoethylene glycols or amines with maleic, succinic, citraconic, and glutaric anhydrides. The crown compounds were then synthesized from the dioxodioic acid chlorides obtained from the diacids and various oligoethylene glycols or ethylene diamine. The following macrocyclic compounds have been prepared: 1,4,9,12‐tetraoxacyclohexadecane‐5,8,13,16‐tetrone ( 1 ); 1,4,7,10,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosane‐11,14,19,22‐tetrone ( 2 ); 1,4‐dioxa‐9,12‐diazacyclohexadecane‐5,8,13,16‐tetrone ( 3 ); 1,4,7‐trioxa‐12,15‐diazacyclonoadecane‐8,11,16,19‐tetrone ( 4 ); 1,4,7,10‐tetraoxa‐15,18‐diazacyclodocosane‐11,14,19,22‐tetrone ( 5 ); 4‐benzyl‐1,7,12,15‐tetraoxa‐4‐azacyclonona‐decane‐8,11,16,19‐tetrone ( 6 ); 1,4,7,12,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosa‐9,20‐diene‐8,11,19,22‐tetrone( 7 ); and 9,21‐dimethyl‐1,4,7,12,15,18‐hexaoxacyclodocosa‐9,20‐diene‐8,11,19,22‐tetrone ( 8 ) (Figure 1).
Are Hemorrhagic Fever Viruses Practical Agents for Biological Terrorism? (2014)

There is considerable controversy as to which biological agents should concern us, either for defense against military use or, for defense against terrorism. The mosquito-transmitted yellow fever virus is classified as biosafety level 3 (BSL 3), but it is aerosolinfectious and has a high case fatality, which are ameliorated by the existence of a very effective vaccine. The viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) has appropriate properties for aerosol weapons, and this chapter concentrates on three viruses: Machupo virus, Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus, and Marburg virus. The RVF virus is the most stable of the VHF when stored in the liquid or frozen state. Intravenous ribavirin would be expected to be fairly effective against Machupo virus and perhaps helpful in RVF, but stocks are limited and not readily accessible. VHF seems to be very likely agents for lethal state-sponsored actions against large numbers of people. The severe dramatic disease they produce, with its attendant need for intensive supportive care, would increase their impact. Education of clinicians is extremely important as well and is occurring in the context of both travel medicine and bioterrorism defense.
A fast amplitude discriminator and scale-of-ten counting unit for nuclear work (1952)

This instrument can accept randomly spaced pulses up to a rate of 106 per second and has a dead time of 0.25 ± 0.05 μsec after each recorded pulse. The scaling circuit, which is fully described, uses the technique of step charging a capacitor from the discriminator output pulses. A new locking circuit is used for removing the effects of charge leakage from the condenser.
Majority Carrier Type Control of Cobalt Iron Sulfide (Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>Fe<sub>1–<i>x</i></sub>S<sub>2</sub>) Pyrite Nanocrystals (2016)

We report the colloidal synthesis, characterization, and electronic property control of compositionally varied CoxFe1–xS2 cubic pyrite nanocrystals (NCs) and thin films formed from solution. Using drop-cast NC thin films, we demonstrate the relationship between the material composition and the majority carrier type of the nanocrystalline thin films. Measurements of the majority carrier type as a function of NC composition indicate that CoxFe1–xS2 NC thin films change from p-type to n-type between x = 0.16 and x = 0.21. Additional characterization to confirm the crystallinity, composition, size, and shape was performed using powder X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The observed n-type behavior which accompanies the substitution of Co for Fe in these cubic pyrite nanostructures agrees with previous reports of n-type behavior occurring at even very low concentration Co doping of iron pyrite. The ability to prepare n- or p-type pyrite NCs and thin films opens the door to property-controlled cobalt iron pyrite nanocrystalline materials for optoelectronic and energy conversion applications.
Decitabine enhances anti-CD33 monoclonal antibody BI 836858–mediated natural killer ADCC against AML blasts (2016)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of acute leukemia, affecting older individuals at a median age of 67 years. Resistance to intensive induction chemotherapy is the major cause of death in elderly AML; hence, novel treatment strategies are warranted. CD33-directed antibody-drug conjugates (gemtuzumab ozogamicin) have been shown to improve overall survival, validating CD33 as a target for antibody-based therapy of AML. Here, we report the in vitro efficacy of BI 836858, a fully human, Fc-engineered, anti-CD33 antibody using AML cell lines and primary AML blasts as targets. BI 836858-opsonized AML cells significantly induced both autologous and allogeneic natural killer (NK)-cell degranulation and NK-cell-mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). In vitro treatment of AML blasts with decitabine (DAC) or 5-azacytidine, 2 hypomethylating agents that show efficacy in older patients, did not compromise BI 836858-induced NK-cell-mediated ADCC. Evaluation of BI 836858-mediated ADCC in serial marrow AML aspirates in patients who received a 10-day course of DAC (pre-DAC, days 4, 11, and 28 post-DAC) revealed significantly higher ADCC in samples at day 28 post-DAC when compared with pre-DAC treatment. Analysis of ligands to activating receptors (NKG2D) showed significantly increased NKG2D ligand [NKG2DL] expression in day 28 post-DAC samples compared with pre-DAC samples; when NKG2DL receptor was blocked using antibodies, BI 836858-mediated ADCC was significantly decreased, suggesting that DAC enhances AML blast susceptibility to BI 836858 by upregulating NKG2DL. These data provide a rationale for combination therapy of Fc-engineered antibodies such as BI 836858 with azanucleosides in elderly patients with AML.
Functional evidence that cell surface galectin-3 mediates homotypic cell adhesion. (1995)

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a beta-galactoside-binding protein with M(r) approximately 30,000. Cell surface Gal-3 is postulated to be involved in homotypic aggregation of tumor cells in the circulation during metastasis through attachment to a complementary serum glycoprotein(s), which serves as a cross-linking bridge between adjacent cells. To test this hypothesis a recombinant strain of baculovirus encoding Gal-3 was used to infect Sf9 insect cells, which lack endogenous Gal-3. Immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence studies revealed that the infection with recombinant virus conferred Gal-3 expression on Sf9 cells, and the Gal-3 was localized on the cell surface as well as in the cytoplasm. Sf9 cells infected with recombinant virus underwent homotypic aggregation in the presence of exogenous glycoprotein (i.e., asialofetuin), whereas control cells uninfected or infected with wild-type virus did not. Lactose and Fab' fragments of anti-Gal-3 antibodies markedly inhibited the cell-cell aggregation. Moreover, cosuspension of Sf9 cells infected with the recombinant virus with uninfected cells in the presence of asialofetuin resulted in a preferential cell-cell adhesion of the Gal-3-expressing cells. These results directly demonstrate the ability of cell surface Gal-3 molecules to mediate homotypic cell adhesion by bridging through branched, soluble complementary glycoconjugates.
Polyureas containing diaza crown ether units: synthesis and influence of ring size on the glass transitions and secondary relaxation processes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyureas containing diaza crown ether units: synthesis and influence of ring size on the glass transitions and secondary relaxation processesJ. M. G. Cowie and H. H. WuCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 7, 2116–2121Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00185a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00185a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts