gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of<scp>L</scp>-threo- and<scp>L</scp>-erythro-[1-<sup>13</sup>C, 2,3-<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]amino acids: novel probes for conformational analysis of peptide side chains (1995)

An efficient and convenient route for the preparation of L-threo- and L-erythro-[1-l3C, 2,3-2H2]amino acids 5 as probes for the conformational analysis of peptide side chains by NMR spectroscopy is described. Stereoselective incorporation of deuterium into the α,β-positions of amino acid 5 was accomplished by catalytic deuteriation of dehydroamino acid derivatives 1 and 2 followed by a combination of enzymic optical resolution and the racemization at the 2-position. Using the doubly labelled amino acids, it was possible to obtain vicinal coupling constants between carbonyl carbon and prochiral β-protons, J(13C1–1Hβ1) and J(13C1–1Hβ2), through 13C NMR spectroscopy alone. We also demonstrate the determination of the fractional populations of rotamers in respect of the Cα–Cβ bond of the amino acids using the measured coupling constants.
Inhibition of Murine Osteogenic Sarcomas by Treatment With Type I or Type II Interferon<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1978)

Interferon was used to treat C57BL/6 female mice inoculated with a continuous line of murine osteogenic sarcoma cells. A short 7-day course of 30,000–60,000 U/day of type I interferon either completely inhibited or delayed the appearance of tumors in experimental animals. The therapeutic efficacy of type I interferon was compared with murine serum that contained type II interferon as well as other lymphokine activity. Tumor development was strikingly inhibited in animals treated for 7 days with serum containing only 600 U of type II interferon. Inhibition of tumor development was thus achieved with 100-fold less interferon than that required with type I preparation.
Evaluation and Time-Scaling of Trajectories for Wheeled Mobile Robots (1988)

We present a method for evaluating the feasibility of trajectories generated by path-planing systems for wheeled mobile robots (WMRs). Constraints that limit the class of executable trajectories for a given WMR are classified as path constraints, kinematic constraints, and dynamic constraints. Path constraints, which are limits on the path geometry, are a function of the wheelbase configuration and steering mechanism. Limits that involve only functions of velocities and accelerations are termed kinematic constraints. Dynamic constraints refer to limits on force/torque inputs and frictional force constraints which must be satisfied for a trajectory to be feasible. We show that when path constraints are violated the path must be modified to achieve feasibility, while violations of kinematic and dynamic constraints can be eliminated by time scaling so that the same path is followed at a slower speed. The concepts are developed and illustrated in the context of a model for the dynamics of a conventionally steered vehicle.
Committee Opinion No. 572 (2013)

Adolescents make up an increasing percentage of the U.S. population with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Adolescent-focused care is critical to identify and reduce at-risk behavior, comorbidities, and partner transmission. Optimal medical and reproductive health care, both now and in the future, with an adolescent-focused approach, are important for HIV-infected adolescents. Adolescents who are infected with HIV should receive care that allows them to realize their sexual and reproductive goals while maximizing their personal health and minimizing the risk of unintended pregnancy, acquisition of new sexually transmitted infections, and transmission of infection to partners or offspring. Key strategies for preventing the spread of infection include, early diagnosis, guideline-based treatment, and partner notification of HIV status.
Electrodynamic forces of the cross-connected figure-eight null-flux coil suspension system (1993)

This paper analyzes the cross-connected figure-eight null-flux coil suspension system for maglev vehicles on the basis of dynamic circuit theory. The equivalent circuits and general magnetic force expressions for the system are developed. Simple analytical formulas for the magnetic force partitions on the basis of harmonic approximation are presented, and numerical results are also included.
Direct atomic identification of cation migration induced gradual cubic-to-hexagonal phase transition in Ge2Sb2Te5 (2019)

Abstract GeTe-Sb 2 Te 3 pseudobinary system, especially Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 alloy, is the most desirable material to be commercialized in phase change random access memory. Directly resolving the local atomic arrangement of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 during intermediate steps is an effective method to understand its transition mechanism from face-centered-cubic to hexagonal phases. In this study, we provide insights into the atomic arrangement variation during face-centered-cubic to hexagonal transition process in Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 alloy by using advanced atomic resolution energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Induced by thermal annealing, randomly distributed germanium and antimony atoms would migrate to the specific (111) layer in different behaviors, and antimony atoms migrate earlier than germanium atoms during the phase transition process, gradually forming intermediate structures similar to hexagonal lattice. With the migration completed, the obtained stable hexagonal structure has a partially ordered stacking sequence described as below: -Te-Sb x /Ge y -Te-Ge x /Sb y -Te-Ge x /Sb y -Te-Sb x /Ge y -Te- (x > y), which is directly related to the migration process. The current visual fragments suggest a gradual transition mechanism, and guide the performance optimization of Ge 2 Sb 2 Te 5 alloy.
NEW TREATMENT OF ATROPHIC ACNE SCARS BY IONTOPHORESIS WITH ESTRIOL AND TRETINOIN (1995)

Both treatments were shown to be clinically effective in decreasing acne scars and persistence of effects. This promising new therapeutic approach may thus replace invasive treatment methods in many patients.
A Systematic Review on the Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol in Humans (2018)

<b>Background:</b> Cannabidiol is being pursued as a therapeutic treatment for multiple conditions, usually by oral delivery. Animal studies suggest oral bioavailability is low, but literature in humans is not sufficient. The aim of this review was to collate published data in this area. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE (including MEDLINE) was conducted to retrieve all articles reporting pharmacokinetic data of CBD in humans. <b>Results:</b> Of 792 articles retireved, 24 included pharmacokinetic parameters in humans. The half-life of cannabidiol was reported between 1.4 and 10.9 h after oromucosal spray, 2-5 days after chronic oral administration, 24 h after i.v., and 31 h after smoking. Bioavailability following smoking was 31% however no other studies attempted to report the absolute bioavailability of CBD following other routes in humans, despite i.v formulations being available. The area-under-the-curve and C<sub>max</sub> increase in dose-dependent manners and are reached quicker following smoking/inhalation compared to oral/oromucosal routes. C<sub>max</sub> is increased during fed states and in lipid formulations. T<sub>max</sub> is reached between 0 and 4 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> This review highlights the paucity in data and some discrepancy in the pharmacokinetics of cannabidiol, despite its widespread use in humans. Analysis and understanding of properties such as bioavailability and half-life is critical to future therapeutic success, and robust data from a variety of formulations is required.
Reactivity of 1,2,3- and 1,2,4-Trifluorobenzenes in Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation (2018)

The higher reactivity of the C4-H bond as compared to the C5-H bond of 1,2,3-trifluorobenzene in palladium-catalyzed direct arylation allows the selective synthesis of 4-aryl-1,2,3-trifluorobenzenes in moderate to high yields. In most cases, phosphine-free Pd(OAc)<sub>2</sub> catalyst and inexpensive KOAc base were employed. Then, from these 4-aryl-1,2,3-trifluorobenzenes, the palladium-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of the C6-position allows the synthesis of the corresponding 4,6-diarylated 1,2,3-trifluorobenzenes. We also applied these reaction conditions to the regioselective direct C3-arylation of 1,2,4-trifluorobenzene.
Purification and properties of a dipeptidase from Streptococcus cremoris. (1981)

A dipeptidase capable of hydrolyzing L-Leu-Gly was purified from the extract of Streptococcus cremoris H61 by a method that included ammoniumsulfate fractionation, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, rechromatography on hydroxylapatite and rechromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The purified enzyme exhibited homogeneity in disc electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 100, 000 by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited optimum pH at 8.0 and was stable up to 50°C. It was activated by Co2+ and inhibited by EDTA, 1, 10-phenanthroline and bestatin. The Km value for L-Leu-Gly was estimated to be 5.0 mM. The enzyme showed a wide range of specificity on dipeptides but hardly hydrolyzed tripeptides.
Chemical and biological sensors using polycrystalline silicon TFTs (2006)

Over the past three decades effort has been devoted to exploit the field-effect mechanism in chemical and biological sensors, due to the potential of these devices to provide large arrays of sensors that are label-free, low-cost, disposable and can be easily integrated in portable instrumentation. Most of this work concerned the development of ion-sensitive field-effect transistors. More recently, field-effect devices have been investigated for the detection of DNA hybridization and protein interactions. Of particular interest is the use of polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors. This technology is inherently low cost and yet capable of providing complex single-use microarrays.
Towards personalized causal inference of medication response in mobile health: an instrumental variable approach for randomized trials with imperfect compliance (2016)

Mobile health studies can leverage longitudinal sensor data from smartphones to guide the application of personalized medical interventions. In this paper, we propose that adoption of an instrumental variable approach for randomized trials with imperfect compliance provides a natural framework for personalized causal inference of medication response in mobile health studies. Randomized treatment suggestions can be easily delivered to the study participants via electronic messages popping up on the smart-phone screen. Under quite general assumptions we can identify the causal effect of the actual treatment on the response in the presence of unobserved confounders. We implement a personalized randomization test of the null hypothesis of no causal effect of treatment on response, and evaluate its performance in a large scale simulation study encompassing data generated from linear and non-linear time series models under several simulation conditions. In particular, we evaluate the empirical power of the proposed test under varying degrees of compliance between the suggested and actual treatment adopted by the participant. Our investigations provide encouraging results in terms of power and control of type I error rates. Finally, we compare the proposed instrumental variable approach to a simple intent-to-treat strategy, and develop randomization confidence intervals for the causal effects.
Germanium orthogonal strip detectors with amorphous-semiconductor contacts (2000)

Germanium orthogonal strip detectors have been produced using amorphous-semiconductor contacts. The amorphous-semiconductor contact fabrication process is relatively simple, and it is capable of producing fine-pitched electrode structures. The bipolar blocking behavior of the amorphous-semiconductor contact permits its use on both sides of a detector, replacing conventional B ion implanted and Li diffused contacts. A 5/spl times/5 orthogonal strip detector has been produced using this technique. Experimental results from this detector are presented.
Anthracene/Phenothiazine π‐Conjugated Sensitizers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells using Redox Mediator in Organic and Water‐based Solvents (2014)

Metal-free dyes (MD1 to MD5) containing an anthracene/phenothiazine unit in the spacer have been synthesized. The conversion efficiency (7.13 %) of the dye-sensitized solar cell using MD3 as the sensitizer reached approximately 85 % of the N719-based standard cell (8.47 %). The cell efficiency (8.42 %) of MD3-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with addition of chenodeoxycholic acid is comparable with that of N719-based standard cell. The MD3 water-based DSSCs using a dual-TEMPO (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl)/iodide electrolyte exhibited very promising cell performance of 4.96 % with an excellent Voc of 0.77 V.
Rapid Troponin T Measurement in Whole Blood for Detection of Myocardial Damage (1995)

A dry chemistry system for rapid qualitative measurement of cardiac troponin T in whole blood, serum, EDTA and lithium heparin plasma was studied in 197 admissions to the coronary care unit and general wards of a typical district general hospital for whom troponin T was requested. This included patients with unexplained collapse, acute dysrythmia or elevated creatine kinase of unknown origin. EDTA whole blood and plasma proved the most satisfactory sample matrices. Lithium heparin whole blood was equally appropriate but lithium heparin plasma gave a false negative result. Serum was an unsatisfactory sample material. Comparison with the conventional wet chemistry quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed a positive bias for EDTA plasma, particularly in the range 0-1 microgram/L and a significant negative bias for lithium heparin plasma. There was no difference between serum from plain or gel separator tubes. The whole blood method allows troponin T measurement to be performed rapidly and simply in the laboratory, either as an emergency test to alter patient management, or for those laboratories that wish to offer troponin T for selected cases but do not have the ability to measure troponin T quantitatively.
The coiled coil silk of bees, ants, and hornets (2011)

In this article, we review current knowledge about the silk produced by the larvae of bees, ants, and hornets [Apoidea and Vespoidea: Hymenoptera]. Different species use the silk either alone or in composites for a variety of purposes including mechanical reinforcement, thermal regulation, or humidification. The characteristic molecular structure of this silk is α-helical proteins assembled into tetrameric coiled coils. Gene sequences from seven species are available, and each species possesses a copy of each of four related silk genes that encode proteins predicted to form coiled coils. The proteins are ordered at multiple length scales within the labial gland of the final larval instar before spinning. The insects control the morphology of the silk during spinning to produce either fibers or sheets. The silk proteins are small and non repetitive and have been produced artificially at high levels by fermentation in E. coli. The artificial silk proteins can be fabricated into materials with structural and mechanical properties similar to those of native silks.
Reinforcement of natural rubber with nylon 6 short fibers (1992)

Abstract The properties of natural rubber vulcanizates reinforced with nylon 6 short fibers were studied. It was found that the stress of vulcanizates decreased with initial fiber loading, followed by an increase with increasing the amount of fiber. The effect of reinforcing carbon black HAF on the physicomechanical properties was studied in the presence and absence of hydrated silica.
Bridging the Gap: Attending to Discontinuity in Identification of Multiword Expressions (2019)

We introduce a new method to tag Multiword Expressions (MWEs) using a linguistically interpretable language-independent deep learning architecture. We specifically target discontinuity, an under-explored aspect that poses a significant challenge to computational treatment of MWEs. Two neural architectures are explored: Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and multi-head self-attention. GCN leverages dependency parse information, and self-attention attends to long-range relations. We finally propose a combined model that integrates complementary information from both through a gating mechanism. The experiments on a standard multilingual dataset for verbal MWEs show that our model outperforms the baselines not only in the case of discontinuous MWEs but also in overall F-score.
Trends in knowledge base processing using optical techniques (2003)

A review is presented of recent research efforts, along with a discussion of the relative merits and limitations of using optics as an implementation technology. To a large extent, past efforts have focused on representing knowledge using matrix-like formalisms and designing system architectures based on optical inner-product processors (such as matrix-vector multipliers) and optical correlators. Actual implementations are impeded primarily by the limitations of current spatial light modulators. New directions include the use of symbolic substitution and neural network ideas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Curved Laryngoscope Blade for Routine and Difficult Tracheal Intubation (2008)

We have designed a new curved laryngoscope blade based on a new concept of reversing the peardrop phenomenon to facilitate a view of the larynx sufficient for intubation in a greater variety of patients than the current Macintosh blade affords. The new design has a bifid tip and S-shaped spatula to exert more effective pressure in the vallecula area, elevate the epiglottis and change directions of the forces on the tongue to prevent posteroinferior displacement of the compressed tongue in the submandibular space during laryngoscopy. A radiograph laryngoscopy technique was used to guide the new blade curvature design and compare the performance of the new blade with the Macintosh blade in patients with or without a difficult airway. Our results confirm that the new blade provides a laryngeal view sufficient to accomplish intubation by compressing the root of the tongue in an anterocephalad direction in the submandibular space and elevating the epiglottis effectively in patients with or without unanticipated difficult airway. The new curved blade can also effectively move the U-shaped epiglottis out of the laryngeal view to facilitate intubation in pediatric patients aged 2 mo-13 yr.
Phosgene. (1927)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticlePhosgene.G. Malcolm. DysonCite this: Chem. Rev. 1927, 4, 1, 109–165Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1927Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1927https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr60013a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cr60013a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views740Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Current issues on safety of prokinetics in critically ill patients with feed intolerance (2011)

Feed intolerance in the setting of critical illness should be treated promptly given its adverse impact on morbidity and mortality. The technical difficulty of postpyloric feeding tube placement and the morbidities associated with parenteral nutrition prevent these approaches being considered as first-line nutrition. Prokinetic agents are currently the mainstay of therapy for feed intolerance in the critically ill. Current information is limited but suggests that erythromycin or metoclopramide (alone or in combination) are effective in the management of feed intolerance in the critically ill and not associated with significant cardiac, haemodynamic or neurological adverse effects. However, diarrhoea is a very common gastrointestinal side effect, and can occur in up to 49% of patients who receive both erythromycin and metoclopramide. Fortunately, the diarrhoea associated with prokinetic treatments has not been linked to Clostridium difficile infection and settles soon after the drugs are ceased. Therefore, prolonged or prophylactic use of prokinetics should be avoided. If diarrhoea occurs, the drugs should be stopped immediately. To minimize avoidable adverse effects the ongoing need for prokinetic drugs in these patient should be reviewed daily.
Rhinovirus Infections in Myelosuppressed Adult Blood and Marrow Transplant Recipients (1999)

Scant data are available on the clinical significance of rhinovirus infections in immunocompromised patients. We reviewed the clinical courses of and outcomes for 22 myelosuppressed adult blood and marrow transplant recipients with rhinovirus infections who were hospitalized at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Houston) from January 1992 to January 1997. In 15 patients (68%), illnesses remained confined to the upper respiratory tract. Seven patients (32%) developed fatal pneumonia. These patients had profound respiratory failure a mean of 12 days (range, 3-21 days) after the onset of symptoms. In six of these seven cases, rhinovirus was isolated before death from a bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimen and/or an endotracheal aspirate. Five patients underwent autopsies, one of which revealed disseminated aspergillosis and four of which revealed interstitial pneumonitis and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome and no other organisms. In conclusion, rhinovirus infections may be associated with considerable pulmonary-related morbidity and mortality in severely myelosuppressed immunocompromised patients.
Optical etalon effects and electronic structure in silicon-germanium 4 monolayer: 4 monolayer strained layer superlattices (1991)

Si/Ge short period superlattices containing four monolayers of Si and four monolayers of Ge have been grown on Si(100) substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The superlattices have been investigated structurally by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Raman spectroscopy, and electronically by electroreflectance (ER), Resonant Raman (RR) and photo current (PC) spectroscopies. TEM and Raman measurements show good layer quality, and also that strain is clearly present in the Ge layers. While ER is a technique that has been widely used in the literature, the authors show by comparison with SIMS and TEM observations that such ER measurement may be complicated by an optical etalon effect when the epitaxial layer is sufficiently thick. Allowing for this by a suitable design of sample, they are able to observe the critical points in the superlattice at 2.4 and 2.8 eV, which they have confirmed with RR measurements. The RR also shows clearly that the critical points must be superlattice related. Optical transitions too weak to observe using ER or RR can be observed with PC below the bandgap of silicon, and are related to weak absorption at the superlattice bandgap of approximately 0.8 eV. The observed electronic transitions in this and the 2.4-2.8 eV energy range are compared in energy and oscillator strength with theoretical predictions.