gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation and intracellular processing of the epidermal growth factor receptor by antireceptor monoclonal antibody (1990)

To investigate the functional significance of epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor phosphorylation, experimental systems were explored in which receptor phosphorylation on tyrosine and serine/threonine could be differentially stimulated. Exposure of A431 cells to 20 nM EGF at 37 degrees C results in phosphorylation of serine, threonine, and tyrosine sites on the receptor. Monoclonal antibody (mAb) 225 binds to the EGF receptor with affinity comparable to EGF and competes with the binding of EGF. Exposure of A431 cells to 20 nM EGF in the presence of 300 nM anti-EGF receptor mAb 225 (15-fold excess) selectively activated serine and threonine phosphorylation of the receptor, but not tyrosine phosphorylation. This observation indicates that EGF-mediated receptor phosphorylation on tyrosine and on serine/threonine residues is dissociable. The intracellular fate of the EGF receptor was examined under conditions that produce different phosphorylation states of receptor amino acids. Exposure of A431 cells to EGF decreased the half-life (T1/2) of the receptor from 17.8 h to 5.6 h, with activation of tyrosine, serine, and threonine phosphorylation. Incubation with mAb 225 augmented the degradation rate (T1/2 = 8.5 h) without activation of receptor phosphorylation. Concurrent exposure to EGF (20 nM) and mAb 225 (300 nM) resulted in comparable enhanced degradation (T1/2 = 9.5 h), with increased phosphorylation only on serine and threonine residues. These results suggest that serine/threonine phosphorylation is irrelevant to the augmentation of receptor degradation. Methylamine, an inhibitor of lysosomal function that did not affect phosphorylation of the EGF receptor, completely protected EGF receptors from rapid degradation induced by EGF, but it only slightly altered the rate of EGF receptor degradation elicited by mAb 225 or by EGF plus 15-fold excess mAb 225. In contrast, mAb 455, which binds to the receptor but does not inhibit EGF binding and EGF-induced activation of phosphorylation on tyrosine, serine, and threonine residues, did not influence EGF-induced rapid, methylamine sensitive degradation of EGF receptor. The results suggest that when EGF receptors are internalized under conditions that do not activate the receptor tyrosine kinase, they are sorted into a nonlysosomal pathway that differs from the methylamine-sensitive lysosomal pathway traversed following activation by EGF. The data indicate the possibility of a function for tyrosine kinase activation and tyrosine autophosphorylation in determining the lysosomal intracellular pathway of EGF receptor processing and degradation.
Gelatinization and Melting of Starch and Tribochemistry in Extrusion (1993)

Abstract Cooking of starch is traditionally achieved by supplying sufficient thermal energy to it as in baking and broiling processes. Whereas in extrusion cooking, both thermal and shear energy are usually present in doing the job. The relative importance of each of the two energy sources are difficult to assess in the process. The interactions between water and the anhydroglucose unit of the starch are discussed. The kinetics of starch conversion to cooked starch at excess or limited water contents are reviewed. Calorie per calorie, shear energy is more efficient in cooking starch than thermal energy. And shear energy alone, without thermal energy input, can cause cooking of starch if the energy level is high enough. In order to capitalize on the effect of shear energy on starch cooking, running the extruder at low temperatures, say lower than 50°C is recommended.
Repair of an Interstrand DNA Cross-link Initiated by ERCC1-XPF Repair/Recombination Nuclease (2000)

Interstrand DNA cross-link damage is a severe challenge to genomic integrity. Nucleotide excision repair plays some role in the repair of DNA cross-links caused by psoralens and other agents. However, in mammalian cells there is evidence that the ERCC1-XPF nuclease has a specialized additional function during interstrand DNA cross-link repair, beyond its role in nucleotide excision repair. We placed a psoralen monoadduct or interstrand cross-link in a duplex, 4-6 bases from a junction with unpaired DNA. ERCC1-XPF endonucleolytically cleaved within the duplex on either side of the adduct, on the strand having an unpaired 3' tail. Cross-links that were cleaved only on the 5' side were purified and reincubated with ERCC1-XPF. A second cleavage was then observed on the 3' side. Relevant partially unwound structures near a cross-link may be expected to arise frequently, for example at stalled DNA replication forks. The results show that the single enzyme ERCC1-XPF can release one arm of a cross-link and suggest a novel mechanism for interstrand cross-link repair.
Template- and catalyst-free synthesis, growth mechanism and excellent field emission properties of large scale single-crystalline tubular β-SiC (2009)

Large scale single-crystalline tubular beta-SiC was prepared via a simple thermal evaporation method without any template and catalyst, and the nanostructure showed excellent field emission properties.
Flagellin Induces Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells: Implications for <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Infection in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease (2013)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa persists in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and drives CF lung disease progression. P. aeruginosa potently activates the innate immune system, mainly mediated through pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as flagellin. However, the host is unable to eradicate this flagellated bacterium efficiently. The underlying immunological mechanisms are incompletely understood. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are innate immune cells generated in cancer and proinflammatory microenvironments and are capable of suppressing T cell responses. We hypothesized that P. aeruginosa induces MDSCs to escape T cell immunity. In this article, we demonstrate that granulocytic MDSCs accumulate in CF patients chronically infected with P. aeruginosa and correlate with CF lung disease activity. Flagellated P. aeruginosa culture supernatants induced the generation of MDSCs, an effect that was 1) dose-dependently mimicked by purified flagellin protein, 2) significantly reduced using flagellin-deficient P. aeruginosa bacteria, and 3) corresponded to TLR5 expression on MDSCs in vitro and in vivo. Both purified flagellin and flagellated P. aeruginosa induced an MDSC phenotype distinct from that of the previously described MDSC-inducing cytokine GM-CSF, characterized by an upregulation of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 on the surface of MDSCs. Functionally, P. aeruginosa-infected CF patient ex vivo-isolated as well as flagellin or P. aeruginosa in vitro-generated MDSCs efficiently suppressed polyclonal T cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and modulated Th17 responses. These studies demonstrate that flagellin induces the generation of MDSCs and suggest that P. aeruginosa uses this mechanism to undermine T cell-mediated host defense in CF and other P. aeruginosa-associated chronic lung diseases.
Common evolutionary origin of alpha 2-macroglobulin and complement components C3 and C4. (1985)

A comparison of the sequence of the subunit of human alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M; 1451 amino acid residues) with that of murine complement component pro-C3 (1639 amino acid residues) reveals eight extended regions of sequence similarity. These regions contain between 19% and 31% identically placed residues and account for 75% and 67%, respectively, of the polypeptide chains of alpha 2M and pro-C3. Published sequence data for complement component C4 show that segments of this protein match well with corresponding stretches in alpha 2M and pro-C3. It is proposed that alpha 2M, C3 and C4, which all contain a unique activatable beta-cysteinyl-gamma-glutamyl thiol ester, have a common evolutionary origin and are homologous proteins. Several larger regions of low sequence similarity indicate the presence of structural domains in each of these proteins that specifically modify an underlying common gross structure. The quartets of basic residues in pro-C3 and pro-C4, at which cleavage takes place to produce the mature subunits of these proteins, and most of the residues forming the anaphylatoxin peptides of C3 and C4 (C3a and C4a) are absent in alpha 2M. In addition, C3 and C4 contain large portions, which extend beyond the COOH terminus of alpha 2M.
Ibrutinib for B cell malignancies (2014)

Research over the role of Bruton's agammaglobulinemia tyrosine kinase (BTK) in B-lymphocyte development, differentiation, signaling and survival has led to better understanding of the pathogenesis of B-cell malignancies. Down-regulation of BTK activity is an attractive novel strategy for treating patients with B-cell malignancies. Ibrutinib (PCI-32765), a potent inhibitor of BTK induces impressive responses in B-cell malignancies through irreversible bond with cysteine-481 in the active site of BTK (TH/SH1 domain) and inhibits BTK phosphorylation on Tyr223. This review discussed in details the role of BTK in B-cell signaling, molecular interactions between B cell lymphoma/leukemia cells and their microenvironment. Clinical trials of the novel BTK inhibitor, ibrutinib (PCI-32765), in B cell malignancies were summarized.
Source-controlled channel decoding in image transmission (2002)

With the fast growing importance of wireless image communication, the need to deal with fading and other channel distortions arises, in order to enhance the overall throughput and quality of transmitted images. Besides the classical way of combined source and channel coding (Modestino and Daut, 1979) we present a new approach by using source-controlled channel decoding (Hagenauer, 1995) that can be applied either in addition or in conjunction with the above mentioned method. Since there is no optimum source encoder, the generated source data still contains some amount of redundancy (Ruf, 1995). An extension of the well known Viterbi algorithm (Forney, 1973), the a priori soft output Viterbi algorithm (APRI-SOVA), uses the remaining redundancy to improve the error correcting capability. This leads to gains in picture quality of up to 2.2 dB (PSNR) or up to 0.5 dB in channel signal-to-noise ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/). Furthermore, the APRI-SOVA allows a more graceful degradation in the case of degrading channel conditions when used for channel decoding instead of conventional Viterbi decoding in image transmission.
Schulter-Totalendoprothesen – „Meist wird zu spät operiert“ (2012)

Totalendoprothesen der Schulter werden immer häufiger eingesetzt - mit immer besseren Ergebnissen. Physiotherapeut Tobias Baierle über Prothesentypen, Indikation, Operation und Rehabilitation.
ISAR technique for stealth target detection and image reconstruction (2004)

In this paper an original ISAR technique fur stealth target detection and image reconstruction is presented. Geometrical model of Barcer?s phase code ISAR signal reflected by environment whit stealth target presence in it is developed. Autofocusing procedure using first point with the lower intensity is applied. Correlation range compression and FFT azimuth compression image reconstruction is performed. Tu verify the correctness of the model and ability of the ISAR technique fur stealth target detection and image reconstruction numerical experiment is accomplished.
CTLA-4 is not restricted to the lymphoid cell lineage and can function as a target molecule for apoptosis induction of leukemic cells (2002)

The expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) molecule in human normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells, both on the cell membrane and in the intracellular compartment, was evaluated. Flow cytometric analysis carried out with a panel of anti-CTLA-4 human single-chain fragment of variable domain (scFv) antibodies revealed that CTLA-4 was not expressed on the surface, whereas it was highly expressed within the cytoplasm, in freshly isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), T cells, B cells, CD34(+) stem cells, and granulocytes. Various treatments with agents able to specifically activate each cell type induced CTLA-4 expression on the surface of these cells. Similarly, increased CTLA-4 expression was observed in different hematopoietic cell lines although they also expressed surface CTLA-4, at different degrees of intensity, before activation. Surprisingly, CTLA-4 RNA transcripts were detectable in such cell lines only after nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for CTLA-4 extracellular domain, suggesting a very fast CTLA-4 RNA processing accompanied by prolonged CTLA-4 protein accumulation. We further demonstrated surface expression of CTLA-4 in a variety of acute and chronic myeloid leukemias (AMLs and CMLs) and B- and T-lymphoid leukemias, either adult or pediatric. CTLA-4 was expressed in 25% to 85% of AMLs and CMLs depending on the leukemia subtype and the epitope analyzed, whereas in acute B- and T-leukemias CTLA-4 expression was mainly cytoplasmic. Chronic B leukemias appeared to express CTLA-4, both on the surface and in cytoplasm, whereas few cases tested of chronic T leukemias were negative. Two anti-CTLA-4 immunotoxins (scFvs-saporin) induced in vitro apoptosis of neoplastic cells from a representative AML, suggesting a novel immunotherapeutic approach to AML based on CTLA-4 targeting.
BIER Ping and Trace (2016)

Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER) is an architecture that provides
optimal multicast forwarding through a without requiring
intermediate routers to maintain any multicast related per- flow
state. BIER also does not require any explicit tree-building protocol
for its operation. A multicast data packet enters a BIER domain at a
Bit-Forwarding Ingress Router (BFIR), and leaves the BIER domain at
one or more Bit-Forwarding Egress Routers (BFERs). The BFIR router
adds a BIER header to the packet. The BIER header contains a bit-
string in which each bit represents exactly one BFER to forward the
packet to. The set of BFERs to which the multicast packet needs to be
forwarded is expressed by setting the bits that correspond to those
routers in the BIER header. This document describes the mechanism and
basic BIER OAM packet format that can be used to perform failure
detection and isolation on BIER data plane.
miR‐141 modulates androgen receptor transcriptional activity in human prostate cancer cells through targeting the small heterodimer partner protein (2012)

Shp is a target for miR-141 and it is downregulated in cultured human PCa cells with the involvement of upregulation of miR-141, which promotes AR transcriptional activity. Moreover, Shp and miR-141 could be targets for chemoprevention for PCa.
CD73-adenosine reduces immune responses and survival in ovarian cancer patients (2016)

Multiple non-redundant immunosuppressive pathways are active within the microenvironment of cancers to avoid tumor eradication by the immune system. Our results demonstrate that the CD73-adenosine pathway is a major immunosuppressive mechanism co-opted by ovarian tumors to escape antitumor immunity. In ovarian cancer patients, high CD73 expression correlates with poor outcome and impaired CD8(+) T cell immunosurveillance.
1H NMR investigation of distal mutant deoxy myoglobins. Interpretation of proximal His contact shifts in terms of a localized distal water molecule. (1994)

1H NMR spectra of a series of distal point mutants of human and sperm whale deoxy myoglobin have been recorded and their spectral parameters compared with those of wild type. The substitutions investigated include His64(E7)-->Gly, Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, and Gln and Val68(E11)-->Ala, Ile. The three resonances from the proximal His F8 imidazole ring, as well as two heme methyl signals, are identified in each of the proteins. Significant perturbations of the NMR spectra of mutant deoxy myoglobins (Mbs) occurred only upon substitution of His64(E7) by any non-polar residue, with only minor variation in parameters throughout the range of side chains. These spectral changes are attributed to the elimination of a non-coordinated ordered water molecule in the distal pocket found hydrogen bonded to His64(E7) in crystals of wild-type deoxy Mb, but abolished in the His64(E7)-->Leu mutant deoxy Mb crystal (Quillin, M. L., Arduini, R. M., Olson, J. S., and Philips, G. N., Jr. (1993) J. Mol. Biol. 234, 140-155). The observed spectral changes, increased His F8 ring spin delocalization, and decreased heme in-plane asymmetry, can be directly attributed to the weakening of the effective axial field and a decrease in the asymmetry in the rhombic ligand field resulting from removal of the water molecule. The hyperfine shift patterns for the mutants His64(E7)-->Gln and Val68(E11)-->Ile deoxy Mbs are minimally perturbed from that of wild type and are interpreted to reflect a conserved distal water-binding site. In the point mutant Val68(E11)-->Ala, the decreased covalency to the axial His F8 is interpreted as reflecting a conserved distal water molecule that can interact more strongly with the iron due to the reduced steric bulk of the E11 side chain. The differential 1H NMR spectral parameters for the His F8 resonances in the two subunits of T state deoxy Hb A are shown to be similarly consistent with the known occupation of the distal water binding site in the alpha-, but not beta-subunit.
Type-2 fuzzy logic approach for short-term traffic forecasting (2006)

The performance of many components in intelligent transportation systems depends heavily on the quality of short-term traffic forecasts. We propose a new method for forecasting traffic based on type-2 fuzzy logic. Type-2 fuzzy logic is powerful in handling uncertainties, including uncertainties in measurements and data used to calibrate the parameters. In our formulation, the value of a membership function corresponding to a particular traffic state is no longer a crisp value. Rather, it is associated with a range of values that can be characterised by a function that reflects the level of uncertainty. Day-to-day traffic information is combined with real-time traffic information to construct fuzzy rules. The performance of the prediction procedure based on type-2 fuzzy logic is encouraging. The mean relative error is in the neighbourhood of 12% for occupancies and 5% for flows. A distinct advantage of a type-2 fuzzy logic-based traffic forecasting approach is that it can produce prediction intervals as a by-product of the fuzzy reduction process. Another desirable property of the proposed model is that the fuzzy engine formulated is usually tractable at every step, making it easy to incorporate site-specific information into the model-building process to obtain more accurate results.
Expression and RNA Interference of Salivary Polygalacturonase Genes in the Tarnished Plant Bug,<i>Lygus lineolaris</i> (2010)

Three genes encoding polygalacturonase (PG) have been identified in Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Miridae: Hemiptera). Earlier studies showed that the three PG gene transcripts are exclusively expressed in the feeding stages of L. lineolaris. In this report, it is shown that all three transcripts are specifically expressed in salivary glands indicating that PGs are salivary enzymes. Transcriptional profiles of the three PGs were evaluated with respect to diet, comparing live cotton plant material to artificial diet. PG2 transcript levels were consistently lower in cotton-fed insects than those reared on artificial diet. RNA interference was used to knock down expression of PG1 mRNA in adult salivary glands providing the first demonstration of the use of this method in the non-model insect, L. lineolaris.
<i>piggyBac</i> ‐mediated transposition in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> : an evaluation of the use of constitutive promoters to control transposase gene expression (2001)

Transgenic non-Drosophilid insects have been made using insect transposable elements that have a broad host range such as the piggyBac element. However, the success rate is often low. Previous piggyBac helper plasmids have used either the piggyBac or the hsp70 promoter from Drosophila melanogaster to control expression of the transposase gene. Here we show that plasmids with the piggyBac transposase gene regulated by constitutive promoters can be effective 'helpers' for mediating transposition in D. melanogaster. We also present preliminary evidence on the use of an RNA helper that encodes the transposase. Our results suggest that for germ-line transformation of non-Drosophilid insects it may be advantageous to isolate a constitutive promoter from the species of interest to control transposase expression.
Electrochemical Behavior of Electrodes Modified with π-Conjugated Polymers in 0.5 M H2SO4 (aq) and 1 M KOH (aq) Electrolytes (1996)

Abstract Plantinum electrodes modified with 10 kinds of π-conjugated polymers have been prepared. These polymers include poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) PPy, poly(2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-diyl) PBpy, poly(3-octylthiophene-2,5-diyl) P3OcTh, and poly(6-hexylpyridine-2,5-diyl) P6HexPy. Films of PPy and PBpy behave as good H+-transporting materials in 0.5 M H2SO4 (aq). Plots of log i vs. V for electrodes modified with the polymers give linear lines in a current density region of 10−5.5—10−2 A cm−2. The slope of the line, β = dV/d(log i), depends on the kind of the polymer. Hydrophilic PPy and PBpy give a β value of 3.2 × 10−2 V, while hydrophobic P3OcTh and P6HexPy with long alkyl chains give a larger β value of 4.5 × 10−2 V. Diffusion coefficients of H+ in films of PPy, PBpy, and poly(quinoline-2,6-diyl) P(2,6-Q) are estimated to be larger than 10−7 cm2 s−1 from limiting currents at room temperature. The i–V curve of a P(2,6-Q)-modified Pt electrode shows a strong pH-dependence reflecting a chemical change of the polymer with pH. The PPy-, PBpy-, and P3OcTh-modified Pt electrodes exhibit acceleration effects for evolution of O2 from 1 M KOH (aq).
A multiwavelength source having precise channel spacing for WDM systems (1998)

We report a wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) source in which a combination of a periodically driven Mach-Zehnder modulator and a nonlinear fiber are used to generate an optical spectrum that consists of several wavelength components precisely spaced by 64 GHz (>0.5 nm). The 13 strongest spectral components are within a 10-dB optical power range and their performance as channel sources in a WDM transmitter have been evaluated. We also propose and demonstrate a technique to generate an optical spectrum in which the separation between the major components is four times the modulator drive frequency.
Adaptive compressive sensing algorithm for video acquisition using a single pixel camera (2012)

In this paper we propose a method to acquire compressed measurements for efficient video reconstruction using a single pixel camera. The method is suitable for implementation using a single pixel detector along with digital micromirror device (DMD) or other forms of spatial light modulators (SLMs). Normal implementations of single pixel cameras are able to compress the spatial dimensions but the fact that it needs to make measurements in a sequential manner before the scene changes makes it inefficient for video imaging. In this paper we discuss a measurement scheme that exploits sparsity along the time axis. After acquiring all measurements required for the first frame, measurements are only acquired from the areas which change in subsequent frames. Segmentation of the first frame is performed and change detection is performed on each segmented area. Compressed measurements are only made for changing segments. We show the reconstruction results for a few test sequences commonly used for performance analysis.