gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monitoring an Ultra Fast Battery Charger with a ST6210 Micro-Controller (1992)

Cordless and portable battery supplied equipments are proliferating thanks to the increasing capacity of rechargeable NiCd batteries. A useful feature in applications where the battery is rapidly discharged, such as power tools, is the ultra fast charging in less than half an hour. The solution described in this paper is an efficient 100 kHz converter charging an NiCd battery in less than 15 minutes. The battery charge is monitored by a low cost micro-controller ST6210 enabling battery voltages identification, temperature monitoring, and charge control.
Lock-in Time-of-Flight (ToF) Cameras: A Survey (2011)

This paper reviews the state-of-the art in the field of lock-in time-of-flight (ToF) cameras, their advantages, their limitations, the existing calibration methods, and the way they are being used, sometimes in combination with other sensors. Even though lock-in ToF cameras provide neither higher resolution nor larger ambiguity-free range compared to other range map estimation systems, advantages such as registered depth and intensity data at a high frame rate, compact design, low weight, and reduced power consumption have motivated their increasing usage in several research areas, such as computer graphics, machine vision, and robotics.
Thermoreversible DMDBS Phase Separation in iPP: The Effects of Flow on the Morphology (2008)

The crystallization rate of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is often enhanced with sorbitol-based nucleating agents like 1,3:2,4-bis(3,4-dimethylbenzylidene)sorbitol or DMDBS. In the concentration range from the eutectic point (∼0.1 wt %) to 1 wt %, DMDBS crystallizes before the polymer, building a network of nanofibrils. The surface of this network hosts a large number of tailored nucleation sites that promotes the epitaxial nucleation of iPP. The formation of DMDBS fibrils corresponds to a liquid−solid phase separation that occurs on cooling, at a temperature TcDMDBS. On heating, DMDBS fibrils dissolve in iPP at a temperature TmDMDBS > TcDMDBS. For DMDBS contents less than 1 wt %, both TcDMDBS and TmDMDBS depend on the composition. We show that in the temperature window TcDMDBS < T < TmDMDBS a percolated network of DMDBS fibrils is retained. This network can be broken with a shear flow that aligns the fibrils. At these high temperatures, iPP does not crystallize. Upon cooling, in the early stages of nucleation, the orientation of the fibrils is transferred to the lamellae because of the epitaxial relation between iPP and DMDBS. With this templating mechanism, we obtained well oriented crystalline morphologies of iPP after a shear pulse (shear rate of 60 s−1 applied for 3 s) at 185 °C for 0.3 wt %, at 195 °C for 0.7 wt % and at 210 °C for 1 wt % of DMDBS.
Design of improved membrane protein production experiments: Quantitation of the host response (2005)

Eukaryotic membrane proteins cannot be produced in a reliable manner for structural analysis. Consequently, researchers still rely on trial-and-error approaches, which most often yield insufficient amounts. This means that membrane protein production is recognized by biologists as the primary bottleneck in contemporary structural genomics programs. Here, we describe a study to examine the reasons for successes and failures in recombinant membrane protein production in yeast, at the level of the host cell, by systematically quantifying cultures in high-performance bioreactors under tightly-defined growth regimes. Our data show that the most rapid growth conditions of those chosen are not the optimal production conditions. Furthermore, the growth phase at which the cells are harvested is critical: We show that it is crucial to grow cells under tightly-controlled conditions and to harvest them prior to glucose exhaustion, just before the diauxic shift. The differences in membrane protein yields that we observe under different culture conditions are not reflected in corresponding changes in mRNA levels of FPS1, but rather can be related to the differential expression of genes involved in membrane protein secretion and yeast cellular physiology.
Sulfur increase seen mostly in heavy fractions of lower-quality crudes (1994)

Refiners are facing a continuing need to add bottoms-processing capacity as a result of gradually deteriorating crude oil quality and flat-to-declining demand for residual fuel oil. Marketing high-sulfur coke will become increasingly difficult, requiring refiners to take proactive and innovative approaches. There is a perception, especially among US refiners, that world crude production has been steadily deteriorating and will continue to do so well into the future. (Poorer quality is defined as lower API gravity and higher sulfur content.) The need to continually add bottoms-processing capacity in world refining is, however, only partially caused by a trend toward poorer-quality crude. As will be shown, world crude quality, including sulfur content, has been relatively constant and is not expected to change appreciably in the future. On the other hand, the world product slate has been consistently shifting toward more light, low-sulfur products. This trend is expected to continue well into the future. The coincident decline in demand for residual fuel oil has been the prime driving force for additional bottoms processing. The paper discusses US trends, world trends, product demand outlook, petroleum coking, and economic relationships.
Semiconductor chips with ion channels, nerve cells and brain slices (2003)

Electrical information processing in brains and computers relies on different charge carriers: ions and electrons. It is an intellectual and technological challenge to join neuronal networks and computer chips on a microscopic electrical level, with the goal to get better insight of brain dynamics, to built neuroelectronic processors and to strengthen the basis of neuroprosthetics. The research has two directions: (A) Elucidation of the electrical dynamics of the neuron-chip interface on a nanoscopic level. (B) Assembly of hybrid systems made of neuronal nets and electronic devices on a microscopic level.
A highly linear CMOS current-controlled oscillator using a novel frequency detector (2008)

A CMOS current-controlled oscillator capable of operating over a range of frequencies (100 MHz to 1.0 GHz) is presented. It achieves a highly linear frequency-variation with control current by using a novel switched-capacitor frequency-detector and a simple single-ended ring oscillator in a feedback loop. The simple low-power circuit does not use operational amplifiers or resistors. This circuit, realized in TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process shows 0.1% linearity over a tuning range of 100 MHz to 1.0 GHz. The simulated results show power dissipation of 1.7mW at 1.0 GHz and 326μW at 100 MHz from a 1.8 V supply.
Crystallographic orientation dependence of impurity incorporation into III-V compound semiconductors grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1994)

This article presents a comprehensive study of the dependence of impurity incorporation on the crystallographic orientation during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of III-V compound semiconductors. We performed doping experiments for group-II impurities (Zn and Mg), group-VI impurities (Se and O), and a group-IV impurity (Si form SiH4 and Si2H6). The host materials were GaAs, Ga0.5In0.5P, and (Al0.7Ga0.3)0.5In0.5P grown on GaAs substrates. We examined the doping efficiency on the surfaces lying between {100} and {111}A/B. Even though we grew epitaxial layers in a mass-transport-limited regime, the doping efficiency significantly depended on the orientation, indicating that the surface kinetics plays an important role in impurity incorporation. Comparing our results with other reports, we found that acceptor impurities residing on the group-III sublattice and donor impurities residing on the group-V sublattice, respectively, have their own distinctive orientation dependence. Si donors exhibit orientation dependences which are either negligible or are similar to group-VI donors, depending on the growth conditions. We constructed a model for the orientation dependences, considering atomic bonding geometries between impurity adsorbates and adsorption sites.
Hypoxia Affects the Structure of Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Matrix to Support Angiogenic Responses of Endothelial Cells (2013)

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor environment and participant in tumor progression, is known to alter gene and protein expression of several Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, many of which have roles in angiogenesis. Previously, we reported that ECM deposited from co-cultures of Neonatal Fibroblasts (NuFF) with breast cancer cells, supported 3-dimensional vascular morphogenesis. Here, we sought to characterize the hypoxic ECM and to identify whether the deposited ECM induce angiogenic responses in Endothelial Cells (ECs). NuFF and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were co-cultured, subjected to alternating cycles of 24 hours of 1% (hypoxia) and 21% (atmospheric) oxygen and de-cellularized for analyses of deposited ECM. We report differences in mRNA expression profiles of matrix proteins and crosslinking enzymes relevant to angiogenesis in hypoxia-exposed co-cultures. Interestingly, overt differences in the expression of ECM proteins were not detected in the de-cellularized ECM; however, up-regulation of the cell-binding fragment of fibronecin was observed in the conditioned media of hypoxic co-cultures. Ultrastructure analyses of the de-cellularized ECM revealed differences in fiber morphology with hypoxic fibers more compact and aligned, occupying a greater percent area and having larger diameter fibers than atmospheric ECM. Examining the effect of hypoxic ECM on angiogenic responses of ECs, morphological differences in Capillary-Like Structures (CLS) formed atop de-cellularized hypoxic and atmospheric ECM were not evident. Interestingly, we found that hypoxic ECM regulated the expression of angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases in CLS. Overall, we report that <i>in vitro</i>, hypoxia does not alter the composition of the ECM deposited by co-cultures of NuFF/MDA-MB-231, but rather alters fiber morphology, and induces vascular expression of angiogenic growth factors and metalloproteinases. Taken together, these results have important implications for understanding how the hypoxic matrix may regulate angiogenesis in tumors.
The Association of Brachial-Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity with 30-Minute Post-Challenge Plasma Glucose Levels in Korean Adults with No History of Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

Postprandial hyperglycemia, especially 30-minute glucose levels showed significant correlation with baPWV in subjects with fasting hyperglycemia. These results can imply the deleterious effect of acute hyperglycemic excursion on arterial stiffness in subjects with glucose intolerance.
Swedish One-Man Saws (1926)

In W i s h logging, especially in the nortihem and middle parts of ttqe corn, the old-fashioned twoman saw has been almost entirely superseded by the on&man m, with which m~ost of the cutting is now doqe.
Hypothalamic Control of Adrenocorticotropin Secretion: Advances since the Discovery of 41-Residue Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (1986)

IN THE 25 yrs after the first demonstration of CRF in hypothalamic tissue (1, 2), research on CRF progressed along two major lines of experimentation. In the context of a functional anatomical approach, researchers sought to elucidate the hypothalamic organization of neurons that produce CRF and control the secretion of ACTH (for reviews see Refs. 3–5). The second major trend was the quest for the isolation and chemical characterization of the hypothalamic CRF principle (for reviews see Refs. 6–8). It was the discovery of 41-amino acid residue CRF (CRF-41) by Vale and co-workers (9) which provided the missing link between the two major paths of investigation. Aided by decades of expertise accumulated in laboratories throughout the world, workers finally having the right stuff at hand rapidly established CRF-41 as a major physiological mediator of the hypothalamic control of ACTH secretion (for reviews see Refs. 10–12). However, it soon became evident that CRF-41 is not the sole hypothalamic neurohormone involved in the control of pituitary ACTH secretion (e.g. see Refs. 13–17). Thus, the second phase of CRF research, the post-CRF-41 era, had begun.
Presence of epidermal growth factor in human tears. (1989)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide that stimulates the growth of various tissues, including the cornea. The presence of EGF in tears from normal volunteers and in aqueous humor from cataract patients was investigated via human EGF (hEGF)-specific radioimmunoassay. Immunoreactive hEGF was found to be present at similar concentrations in both reflex (ranging from 0.7 to 8.1 ng/ml) and non-reflex tears (ranging from 1.9 to 9.7 ng/ml), but was undetectable in aqueous humor. Immunoreactive EGF in human tears was indistinguishable immunologically, biologically and biochemically from urine EGF and standard hEGF.
Anti-growth effects with components of Sho-saiko-to (TJ-9) on cultured human hepatoma cells (1993)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects and the mechanism of the components of Sho-saiko-to (baicalein, baicalin, saikosaponin-a, saikosaponin-c, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rg1) on cultured human hepatoma cells (HuH-7). Cell cycle analysis was carried out with flow cytometry and the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU)-labelling method. The results showed that baicalein, baicalin and saikosaponin-a inhibited cell proliferation dose-dependently but independently of the cell cycle. Furthermore, it was found that saikosaponin-a possesses a strong cell-killing effect. On the other hand, saikosaponin-c, ginsenoside Rb1 and ginsenoside Rg1 had no effect on cell proliferation.
Standardization of a rapid immunochromatographic test with the recombinant antigens K39 and K26 for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (2003)

The serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) remains problematic because there areno reliable commercially available tests. Most laboratories use domestically prepared tests such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). We evaluated rapid immunochromatographic (RICH) test kits for the diagnosis of CVL. The tests were assembled with either Leishmania chagasi recombinant antigens K39 or K26 and with either gold-labelled Staphylococcus aureus protein A or Streptococcus pyogenes protein G. Fifty sera from dogs with CVL, 14 sera from dogs with Chagas disease, and 50 sera from normal healthy dogs were tested. The results show that the RICH test using recombinant antigen K39 has a sensitivity of 96% and 100% specificity for the diagnosis of CVL. No significant differences were observed in the tests assembled with either protein A or protein G. The RICH tests using recombinant antigen K26 were equally specific but less sensitive than those using K39. However, the 2 antigens complemented each other and increased the overall sensitivity of the test. Because of its simplicity and performance the RICH test is a quick and reliable alternative for the diagnosis of CVL either in conventional laboratories or for remote areas where laboratories are not readily accessible for conventional assays.
A three-zone model of soft-tissue damage by a CO<sub>2</sub>laser (1986)

CO2 laser damage to soft tissue may be divided into three zones--an outer layer of carbonised material, a zone of vacuolation where cavities have been formed by the explosive conversion of water to steam and a coagulated zone which has been formed at temperatures below 100 degrees C. A model is proposed which predicts the maximum (i.e. dynamic equilibrium) depths of each of these layers. The maximum effective thickness of the vacuolated zone is shown to depend upon the absorption coefficient of the tissue for CO2 laser radiation, but not on the incident irradiance. The thickness of the carbonised zone is shown to decrease with increasing irradiance, and the depth of the sub-boiling coagulated zone also decreases with increasing irradiance, but depends to some extent on the penetration of laser radiation through the soft tissue. Redistribution of heat within these zones after extinction of the laser radiation is considered, as is the effect of pulsed laser radiation. The predictions of the model could be tested by suitable experiments.
Selection of coherence transfer pathways by pulsed‐field gradients in nmr spectroscopy (1995)

Abstract The use of pulsed‐field gradients has emerged as a promising approach for the selection of coherence transfer pathways in NMR spectroscopy. Applying field gradient pulses instead of phase cycling can reduce data acquisition time, minimize artifacts, and provide new ways to suppress solvent signals. This paper provides a practical introduction to the technique. The selection of coherence transfer pathways by field gradient pulses is based on the characteristic sensitivities of coherence to field gradients and on the formation of coherence transfer echoes. A general formulation for selection of coherence transfer pathways by field gradient pulses is provided. Examples are used to illustrate the design of field gradient pulse sequences for the selection of specific coherence transfer pathways in multiple‐pulse experiments.
New Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Fluorinated β-Amino Acids (2002)

Racemic and chiral nonracemic alpha-substituted and alpha-unsubstituted beta-fluoroalkyl beta-amino acid derivatives 6 and 9 have been synthesized in two steps starting from fluorinated imidoyl chlorides 1 and ester enolates. This approach is based on the chemical reduction of previously obtained gamma-fluorinated beta-enamino esters 4 by using ZnI(2)/NaBH(4) in a nonchelated aprotic medium (dry CH(2)Cl(2)) as the reducing agent. A metal-chelated six-membered model has been suggested to explain the stereochemical outcome of the reduction reaction. The process takes place with high yields and with moderate to good diastereoselectivity. The best results related to diastereoselective reduction of chiral beta-enamino esters 4 were provided by the use of (-)-8-phenylmenthol as a chiral auxiliary.
The UL16 gene of human cytomegalovirus encodes a glycoprotein that is dispensable for growth in vitro (1992)

The UL16 gene of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encodes a predicted translation product with features characteristic of glycoproteins (signal and anchor sequences and eight potential N-linked glycosylation sites). Antisera were raised against the UL16 gene product expressed in Escherichia coli as a beta-galactosidase fusion protein. The antisera detected a 50-kDa glycoprotein in HCMV-infected cells that was absent from purified virions. The UL16 glycoprotein was synthesized at early times after infection and accumulated to the highest levels at late times after infection. A recombinant HCMV in which UL16 coding sequences were interrupted by a lacZ expression cassette was constructed by insertional mutagenesis. Analysis of the phenotype of the recombinant virus indicated that the UL16 gene product is nonessential for virus infectivity and growth in tissue culture.
[Experimental study on the effect of combination therapy with lamivudine and famciclovir against duck hepatitis B virus in vivo]. (2001)

The study confirms that combination therapy is superior to single antiviral agent in vivo for ducks with chronic DHBV carrier.
Granulometries and Opening Trees (2000)

Granulometries constitute one of the most useful and versatile sets of tools of morphological image analysis. They can be applied to a wide range of tasks, such as feature extraction, texture characterization, size estimation, image segmentation, etc
The Ultimate Display (1965)

<p>We live in a physical world whose properties we have come to know well through long familiarity. We sense an involvement with this physical world which gives us the ability to predict its properties well. For example, we can predict where objects will fall, how well-known shapes look from other angles, and how much force is required to push objects against friction. We lack corresponding familiarity with the forces on charged particles, forces in non-uniform fields, the effects of nonprojective geometric transformations, and high-inertia, low friction motion. A display connected to a digital computer gives us a chance to gain familiarity with concepts not realizable in the physical world. It is a looking glass into a mathematical wonderland. Computer displays today cover a variety of capabilities. Some have only the fundamental ability to plot dots. Displays being sold now generally have built in line-drawing capability. An ability to draw simple curves would be useful. Some available displays are able to plot very short line segments in arbitrary directions, to form characters or more complex curves. Each of these abilities has a history and a known utility. </p>
Video traffic prediction using source informationforrenegotiated CBR (2000)

A prediction method for variable bit rate video traffic based on source information is presented. By analysing the source before encoding, any changes in the source traffic are detected and the bit rate of the current frame is predicted. In addition, a new channel rate for renegotiated constant bit rate service can be determined for future frames using the predicted bit rate and a bit rate updating algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed method achieves a better prediction and requires a smaller buffer than the conventional approach.