gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoexcited GaAs surfaces studied by transient terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2000)

The transmission characteristics of an air-GaAs interface and the transient absorption and index spectra of the thin, photoexcited surface layer are investigated subsequent to excitation by a femtosecond laser pulse. We find that the total phase change and transmission of a terahertz (THz) probe pulse are dominated by interface effects. This observation has important implications in the interpretation of THz time-domain spectroscopy data of absorbing media. We also observe that the THz pulse apparently arrives at the detector as much as 60 fs earlier when it is transmitted through an optically excited GaAs wafer. This effect is fully explained in terms of a frequency-dependent transmission and phase shift at the air-GaAs interface and is not associated with superluminal propagation.
Total Hip Arthroplasty Using the Minimally Invasive Two-Incision Approach (2003)

A new approach to total hip replacement, a minimally invasive two-incision technique, was developed; one incision is used for the acetabular component and the other incision is used for the femoral component. The first 100 minimally invasive two-incision THAs done at my hospital are reported. The complication rate in the first 100 cases was 1%: one proximal femoral fracture. There have been no dislocations, no failure of ingrowth, no reoperations, and no other complications. After the first 12 cases, an outpatient protocol was initiated. In the subsequent 88 patients, 75 patients (85%) chose to go home the day of surgery and 13 patients (15%) chose to go home the day after surgery. All patients were discharged to home, not to other care facilities. There were no readmissions and no complications after discharge. Radiographic analysis of the first 30 patients showed 91% of the femoral stems in neutral alignment (range, neutral -3 degrees valgus). The abduction angle for acetabular components averaged 45 degrees (range, 36 degrees-54 degrees). No component migrated or failed to show ingrowth. This two-incision minimally invasive THA technique was shown to be safe and facilitated a rapid patient recovery; however, this technique is technically challenging and only should be attempted after proper hands-on training.
A robust approach to the generation of high-quality random numbers (2016)

A random number generation approach comprising a silicon nanocrystals LED (Si-NCs LED), silicon single photon avalanche photodiode (Si SPAD) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is introduced. The Si-NCs LED is the source of entropy with photon emission in the visible range detectable by silicon detectors allowing the fabrication of an all-silicon-based device. The proposed quantum random number generator (QRNG) is robust against variations of the internal and external parameters such as aging of the components, changing temperature, the ambient interferences and the silicon detector artifacts. The raw data show high quality of randomness and passed all the statistical tests in National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tests suite without the application of a post-processing algorithm. The efficiency of random number generation is 4-bits per detected photon.
Prediction of Hildebrand solubility parameters of acrylate and methacrylate monomers and their mixtures by molecular simulation (2009)

Abstract Hildebrand solubility parameters are predicted from molecular simulations using the transferable potentials for phase equilibrium‐united atom (TraPPE‐UA) and Dreiding force fields for the n ‐alkyl acrylate and methacrylate esters ( n ≤ 10), as well as the 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate, 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate, isooctyl esters of acrylic acid, and the 2‐hydroxyethyl ester of methacrylic acid. The TraPPE‐UA force field yields very accurate solubility parameters (with a mean unsigned percent error of 2% or 0.2 Hildebrand units), whereas the Dreiding force field overpredicts the solubility parameter in every case examined. Correlations based on the normal boiling point or the refractive index do not yield satisfactory results for this monomer set with the former overestimating the magnitude and the latter yielding the incorrect sign for the decrease in the solubility parameter with chain length. Simulations with the TraPPE‐UA force field yield solubility parameters for binary mixtures of methyl methacrylate with 2‐ethylhexyl or isooctyl acrylate, which are very well described by a linear interpolation using the pure compound cohesive energies and molar volumes, whereas those for mixtures with 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate or methacrylate small positive deviations due to structural microheterogeneity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Methods for measuring in-vivo percutaneous absorption in humans (2008)

In-vivo human data on percutaneous absorption are scarce, although they are indispensable for health risk assessment of dermal exposure. In addition, they are considered to be the gold standard for the evaluation of in-vitro systems as well as predictive mathematical models. Dermal absorption in vivo can be assessed using different approaches. The most used methods for determination of in-vivo dermal absorption are the measurement of the parent chemical and/or its metabolite level in biological material, the microdialysis technique and stratum corneum tape stripping. Recently, the non-invasive spectrophotometric methods based on infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed themselves as promising tools for studying percutaneous absorption though these approaches are still in their developmental stages and requires further optimization and validation. The aim of this article is to review different methods for determination of percutaneous absorption in vivo in humans. The advantages and limitations are discussed with respect to generating data for comparison with in-vitro or predictive mathematical models or health risk assessment of chemicals. Furthermore, the importance of the volunteer experiments in generating relevant data for human risk assessment as well as for the development and implementation of biological monitoring in occupational settings will be addressed.
Wingless signaling in the <i>Drosophila</i> embryo: zygotic requirements and the role of the <i>frizzled</i> genes (1999)

Wingless signaling plays a central role during epidermal patterning in Drosophila. We have analyzed zygotic requirements for Wingless signaling in the embryonic ectoderm by generating synthetic deficiencies that uncover more than 99% of the genome. We found no genes required for initial wingless expression, other than previously identified segmentation genes. In contrast, maintenance of wingless expression shows a high degree of zygotic transcriptional requirements. Besides known genes, we have identified at least two additional genomic regions containing new genes involved in Wingless maintenance. We also assayed for the zygotic requirements for Wingless response and found that no single genomic region was required for the cytoplasmic accumulation of Armadillo in the receiving cells. Surprisingly, embryos homozygously deleted for the candidate Wingless receptor, Dfrizzled2, showed a normal Wingless response. However, the Armadillo response to Wingless was strongly reduced in double mutants of both known members of the frizzled family in Drosophila, frizzled and Dfrizzled2. Based on their expression pattern during embryogenesis, different Frizzled receptors may play unique but overlapping roles in development. In particular, we suggest that Frizzled and Dfrizzled2 are both required for Wingless autoregulation, but might be dispensable for late Engrailed maintenance. While Wingless signaling in embryos mutant for frizzled and Dfrizzled2 is affected, Wingless protein is still internalized into cells adjacent to wingless-expressing cells. Incorporation of Wingless protein may therefore involve cell surface molecules in addition to the genetically defined signaling receptors of the frizzled family.
Induction of ovulation after GnRH antagonists (2000)

The gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist binds competitively to the receptors and thereby prevents endogenous GnRH from exerting its stimulatory effect on the pituitary cells. This causes suppression of gonadotrophin secretion which occurs immediately after administration of the antagonist. When using GnRH antagonist in controlled ovarian stimulation, ovulation or maturation of the oocyte can, therefore, be induced by a variety of drugs, e.g. native GnRH, recombinant LH or short-acting GnRH agonists. Short-acting GnRH agonists were recommended for triggering ovulation in cases with a high risk of developing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Since it is evident that GnRH is required to initiate the LH surge and the oestradiol rise, a single administration of GnRH antagonist during the late follicular phase delays the LH surge. Studies showed that a single s.c. administration of 3 or 5 mg of Cetrorelix in the late follicular stage was sufficient to prevent the LH surge for 617 days. This phenomenon can be used in high responder patients who are prone to OHSS. The question whether this delay has any effect on oocyte quality and maturation still remains unanswered. Overall, there are four uses for GnRH antagonist: (i) using short-acting GnRH agonists for triggering ovulation in cases in which the GnRH antagonist is part of the protocol for ovarian stimulation. Recombinant LH and native LHRH could also be used as triggers of LH surge; (ii) delaying the LH surge in cases prone to OHSS by treatment with GnRH antagonist; (iii) to administer GnRH antagonist during the luteal phase to decrease the activity of corpora lutea; (iv) in polycystic ovarian disease with elevated LH the LH/FSH ratio can be corrected with the injection of GnRH antagonist prior to and during ovarian stimulation.
Biomarkers for radiation-induced small bowel epithelial damage: An emerging role for plasma Citrulline (2007)

Reduction of cancer treatment-induced mucosal injury has been recognized as an important target for improving the therapeutic ratio as well as reducing the economic burden associated with these treatment related sequellae. Clinical studies addressing this issue are hampered by the fact that specific objective parameters, which enable monitoring of damage in routine clinical practice, are lacking. This review summarizes pros and cons of currently available endpoints for intestinal injury. The metabolic background and characteristics of plasma citrulline, a recently investigated biomarker specifically for small intestinal injury, are discussed in more detail.
Helicase primase inhibitors (HPIs) are efficacious for therapy of human herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease in an infection mouse model (2021)

Although the seroprevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) currently amounts to ∼ 67% worldwide, the annual incidence of a severe disease progression, particularly herpes encephalitis, is approximately 2-4 cases per 1,000,000 infections. Nucleoside analogues, such as acyclovir (ACV), valacyclovir (VACV) or famciclovir, are still the therapeutic treatment of choice for HSV infections. However, nucleoside drugs have limited efficacy against severe HSV disease and for treatment of nucleoside-resistant viral strains, alternative therapies such as helicase-primase inhibitors (HPIs) which are highly potent by inhibiting viral replication are under development. In preclinical studies we analyzed the antiviral efficacy of drug candidates of a novel compound class of HPIs for the treatment of HSV to identify the most active eutomer structure in an intranasal infection mouse lethal challenge model. HSV-1 infected BALB/c mice treated with vehicle control developed fatal disease according to humane endpoints after 5-7 days. In contrast, the animals dosed orally once daily with the HPI compounds at 10 or 4 mg/kg/day showed a significantly increased survival (70% and 100% for 10 mg/kg/day; 90% and 100% for 4 mg/kg/day, respectively) compared to the vehicle treatment (0-10%), when therapy was initiated 6 h post HSV-1 inoculation. We observed a significantly improved outcome in clinical parameters and survival over 21 days in the group receiving novel HPI candidates using even the lowest dose of 4 mg/kg/day. With VACV treatment of 75 mg/kg daily survival was also significantly increased (80%-90% for 75 mg/kg/day) but to lesser extent. Initial IM-250 therapy at 10 mg/kg/day could be delayed up to 72 h resulting in significantly increased survival compared to the vehicle control. Furthermore, we detected significantly fewer viral genome copies in the lungs and brains of HPI treated animals compared to vehicle (440-fold reduction for 4 mg/kg/day IM-250 in the brain) or VACV controls by quantitative PCR. In conclusion the preclinical studies of the novel HPI compounds showed superior efficacy in comparison to the current standard HSV treatment represented by VACV with respect to the survival according humane endpoints, the clinical score and virus load in lungs and brains. Thus, candidates of this new drug class are promising antivirals of HSV infections and further translation into clinical trials is warranted.
Plants used in cosmetics (2003)

This review describes the use of some natural products in cosmetic preparations, due to their low mammalian toxicity, with a brief description of the major use, plant parts used, the actives responsible for effect and the benefits of such products. Their use in skin care; such as dryness, eczema, acne, free-radical scavenging, antiinflammatory, antiaging and skin protection effects are explained, and also the use in hair care as hair growth stimulants, hair colorants, and for hair and scalp complaints such as dandruff. Essential oils when incorporated into finished products impart many benefits such as a pleasant aroma in perfumery, shine or conditioning effects in hair care products, emolliency and improving the elasticity of the skin.
MdmX Protects p53 from Mdm2-Mediated Degradation (2000)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein is stabilized in response to cellular stress, resulting in activation of genes responsible for either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. The cellular pathway for releasing normal cells from p53-dependent cell cycle arrest involves the Mdm2 protein. Recently, a p53-binding protein with homology to Mdm2 was identified and called MdmX. Like Mdm2, MdmX is able to bind p53 and inhibit p53 transactivation; however, the ability of MdmX to degrade p53 has yet to be examined. We report here that MdmX is capable of associating with p53 yet is unable to facilitate nuclear export or induce p53 degradation. In addition, expression of MdmX can reverse Mdm2-targeted degradation of p53 while maintaining suppression of p53 transactivation. Using a series of MdmX deletions, we have determined that there are two distinct domains of the MdmX protein that can stabilize p53 in the presence of Mdm2. One domain requires MdmX interaction with p53 and results in the retention of both proteins within the nucleus and repression of p53 transactivation. The second domain involves the MdmX ring finger and results in stabilization of p53 and an increase in p53 transactivation. The potential basis for stabilization and increased p53 transactivation by the MdmX ring finger domain is discussed. Based on these observations, we propose that the MdmX protein may function to maintain a nuclear pool of p53 protein in undamaged cells.
MOCA : MObile Certificate Authority for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2004)

An authentication service is one of the the most fundamental building blocks for providing communication security. In this paper, we present the MOCA (MObile Certificate Authority) key management framework designed to provide authentication service for ad hoc wireless networks. MOCA is a distributed certificate authority (CA) based on threshold cryptography. We present a set of guidelines for a secure configuration of threshold cryptography to maintain strong security. MOCA utilizes a carefully selected set of mobile nodes to function as a collective certificate authority while the MOCA nodes are kept anonymous. Equipped with a novel routing protocol designed to support the unique communication pattern for certification traffic, MOCA achieves high availability without sacrificing security. Both the security of the framework and the operational performance is evaluated with rigorous analysis and extensive simulation study. 1
Laser range finder based on fully digital phase-shift measurement (2003)

We present a laser range finder based on the flight time measurement principle, and using the phase-shift conversion method. This laser range finder features a new fully digital measurement system based on the undersampling techniques. This technique has been implemented on an evaluation board working at a 10 MHz modulation frequency. The system is designed to be integrated in a complete autonomous device.
Robust stability control of vehicle rollover subject to actuator time delay (2008)

This paper presents a parameter-dependent robust controller design approach for active roll control of a vehicle with consideration of parameter uncertainties and actuator time delays. The objective is to improve the roll stability of the vehicle and to reduce the roll angle response during aggressive driving manoeuvres in spite of variations in vehicle parameters and the existence of actuator time delays. Sufficient conditions for stabilizing the uncertain vehicle system with input delays are derived by defining a parameter-dependent Lyapunov functional. With recourse to the random search capability of genetic algorithms (GAs), a parameter-dependent controller is found by solving a finite number of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Numerical simulations on a three-degree-of-freedom (3-DOF) yaw—roll vehicle model demonstrate that the designed parameter-dependent controller can improve the roll stability of the vehicle and achieve good roll control performance even when the vehicle forward speed varies in a large range and a large actuator time delay exists within allowable bounds.
Transfer of Surface Polymerase Reaction Products to a Secondary Platform with Conservation of Spatial Registration (2006)

Here, we describe a method for directly transferring very small amounts of reaction products from one surface to another. The approach is illustrated using a T4 DNA polymerase reaction to extend primers hybridized to a surface-confined DNA template. Following the extension reaction, the resulting oligonucleotide is transferred to a product surface. The important results are that (1) the spatial registration of the product is preserved after transfer; (2) the same reactant surface can be used to generate and transfer multiple iterations of products; and (3) the reaction products are biologically active after transfer.
Lucía Sala de Touron (2006)

La mañana del 29 de septiembre de 2006, en su natal Montevideo, se extinguió la larga y fecunda vida de Lucía Sala de Touron. Su desaparición física embarga con un profundo dolor a la comunidad de historiadores y científicos sociales latinoamericanos y, dentro de esa comunidad amplia, particularmente a dos de ellas: la uruguaya y la mexicana. Uruguay su patria de nacimiento, México la del exilio, tan distantes en la geografía, tan cercanas en elcorazón.
A Convenient Method for Utilizing the Allyl Grignard Reagent (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient Method for Utilizing the Allyl Grignard ReagentM. Peter DreyfussCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 11, 3269–3272Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01046a543https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01046a543research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views701Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient frequency upconversion of 1319-μm radiation into intense yellow light at 580 nm in pure SiO_2-core monomode optical fiber (1993)

Generation of intense visible light at 580 nm with peak powers as high as 20 W through efficient frequency upconversion of 1.319-μm Nd:YAG laser pulses in a single span of pure SiO2-core single-mode optical fiber is reported. The yellow-light signal generated at 580 nm propagates in the LP02 mode and exhibits an asymmetrical 3.5-nm bandwidth spectrum with a long tail toward high frequencies. The frequency upconversion process presents a threshold power, which depends on the fiber length, and a critical length of a few meters, at which the mechanism starts to build up. A conversion efficiency of fundamental radiation at 1.319 μm into visible light at 580 nm of approximately 0.5% in a 20-m length of pure silica-core fiber at 5.0-kW peak pump power was measured.
Acute Neurite Retraction Elicited by Diverse Agents Is Prevented by Genistein, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (1993)

The retraction of axonal branches is a prominent feature of nervous system development and function. Although various biological and pathological signals can elicit retraction, little is known regarding their underlying mode of action. An in vitro assay using NG108-15 cells was used to demonstrate that rapid-onset neurites exposed acutely to trypsin, serum, lysophosphatidic acid, extracellular ATP, the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, and nocodazole were all protected from retraction by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein. This finding indicates that a common (genistein-sensitive) cellular event is involved in integrating the influence of multiple extrinsic and intrinsic signals and in regulating whether or not neurites will execute a retraction response.
Sequence Artifacts in DNA from Formalin-Fixed Tissues: Causes and Strategies for Minimization (2014)

Because FFPE tissues are usually the only available material for DNA analysis, it is important to maximize the accurate informational content from FFPE DNA. Careful consideration of each step in the work flow is needed to minimize sequence artifacts. In addition, validation of actionable mutations either by appropriate experimental design or by orthogonal methods should be considered.