gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Control and Optimization for Heat Treaters (2002)

Time and temperature are critical parameters in any heat treating process. Energy and resources are wasted if a part stays in the furnace too long, and the required mechanical and metallurgical properties may not be achieved if a part spends less than optimal time in the furnace. Previously, there has not been a simple way to measure or track the property transformation within parts during a heat treating operation. Moreover, it requires tedious trial and error methods to determine optimal furnace settings. A new PC-based process control and optimization software, LINE-MOD, promises to change the paradigm of heat treating processes. The software combines advanced modeling with conventional process control and data acquisition to monitor and manage thermal processes more closely than previously possible. The system provides a window to the process, which enables an understanding of the complexities involved in heat treating.
GDNF-related factor persephin is widely distributed throughout the nervous system (1998)

Persephin (PSP) is the most recently discovered member of the GDNF family of neurotrophic factors. We have used an RT-PCR approach to start addressing the putative functional significance of PSP by determining sites of its synthesis in the neonatal rat brain. Generally, two transcripts were found. Sequence analysis of the transcripts identifies an 88 bp intronic sequence. Neural tissues analysed included cortex, hippocampus, striatum, diencephalon, mesencephalon, cerebellum, hindbrain and spinal cord as well as superior cervical, dorsal root ganglia, adrenal gland, and PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. As non-neuronal tissues, sciatic nerve, optic nerve, primary astroglial, oligodendroglial, O2A progenitor, and glioma cells (C6, B49) were also included. All tissues/cells except oligodendrocytes and O2A progenitor cells were strongly positive for PSP mRNA. To test the hypothesis of whether PSP might act as a target-derived factor, as suggested for GDNF, the motoneuron-muscle axis has been analysed. PSP is synthesized in skeletal muscle and, to a higher extent, in the spinal cord. Moreover, PSP is synthesized in purified embryonic motoneurons. Together, these data do not support a role for PSP as a typical target-derived neurotrophic factor for motoneurons. We conclude that PSP is synthesized throughout the nervous system and that it is presumably of both astroglial and neuronal origin, in contrast to GDNF and neurturin, which seem to be predominantly of neuronal origin.
A generic quantitative approach to the scheduling of synchronous packets in a shared medium wireless access network (2004)

We present a scheme for allocating unsolicited grants to the end hosts of synchronous applications of a wireless access network, in accordance with the condition of the channel, the importance of each packet and the specific loss recovery mechanism employed in the channel. The proposed scheme is generic in the sense that it maximizes the effectiveness of the channel under various conditions and it can he used along with every FEC-based or retransmission-based error recovery strategy
IgA Antibody Produced by Local Presentation of Antigen in Orally Primed Rats (1984)

The effect of the introduction of antigen by gastric intubation on the locally stimulated mammary gland IgA antibody (Ab) response was examined. Rats receiving a particulate DNP antigen by gastric intubation prior to injection in the vicinity of the mammary glands ( MGV ) demonstrated increased levels of IgA Ab in milk. Soluble DNP antigen introduction by gastric intubation did not lead to increased IgA Ab levels in milk. Prior administration of either form of DNP antigen by gastric intubation did not affect the IgG response. Only those rats receiving particulate DNP antigen by intubation demonstrated salivary IgA Ab. Particulate forms of antigen administered by intubation can provide a means of increasing the locally induced IgA response at a secretory site.
Cutting‐edge mass spectrometry characterization of originator, biosimilar and biobetter antibodies (2015)

The approval process for antibody biosimilars relies primarily on comprehensive analytical data to establish comparability and high similarity with the originator. Mass spectrometry (MS) in combination with liquid chromatography (LC) and electrophoretic methods are the corner stone for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation. In this special feature we report head-to-head comparison of trastuzumab and cetuximab with corresponding biosimilar and biobetter candidates based on cutting-edge mass spectrometry techniques such as native MS and ion-mobility MS at different levels (top, middle and bottom). In addition, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of sample preparation and enzymatic digestion, middle-up and -down strategies and the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange followed by MS (HDX-MS). Last but not least, emerging separation methods combined to MS such as capillary zone electrophoresis-tandem MS (CESI-MS/MS), electron transfer dissociation (ETD), top down-sequencing (TDS) and high-resolution MS (HR-MS) that complete the panel of state-of-the-art MS-based options for comparability and biosimilarity evaluation are presented.
A continuous output current measurement circuit for switching step down DCDC regulator with a single sensing FET (2012)

An output current measurement circuit intended for using with a switching type step down DC-DC voltage regulator is presented in this work. The approach is based on utilizing only high side sensing device, but unlike other similar solutions, the results are obtained continuously, i.e. the information of full load current is delivered without any periodic notches or undershoots of the measured signal in time domain. The method is implemented by integration of the PMOS SenseFET parallel to the high side power FET with keeping equal potentials on same terminals of the transistors. This way current passing through power FET is accurately mirrored into SenseFET scaled by area ratio of the transistors. The lossless operation is obtained by inclusion of a sample and hold circuit at the output with the further averaging of the result by a low pass filter.
Migration of Additives from Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) Tubes into Aqueous Media (2005)

Abstract The stability and migration product of medical PVC tubes plasticized with polyadipates were investigated by ageing in phosphate buffer at pH 1.679 and water at different temperatures. Changes in the PVC tubes were studied by water absorption, weight loss, Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The low molecular weight migration product that was released was extracted and silylanized before gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) identification and quantification. After 70 days, the weight loss was less than 0.5% and only a small amount of adipic acid migrated when a tube was aged at 37°C in water and phosphate buffer (pH 1.679), and at 70°C in water after 56 days. However, when aged at 70 and 110°C, gradual deactivation of heat stabilizer after 21 days of ageing in buffer solution and separation of plasticizer from PVC matrix occurred. When the tube was aged at 110°C, significant degradation of both polyadipates and PVC were observed. Adipic acid and 1,4‐butanediol monomers and oligomers of polyadipate were the major migration products from polyadipates in the water ageing solution, while only a relatively high amount of adipic acid was identified as the main product in the buffer ageing solution.
How carbon monoxide bonds to metal surfaces (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHow carbon monoxide bonds to metal surfacesShen Shu Sung and Roald HoffmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3, 578–584Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00289a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00289a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2000Altmetric-Citations295LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fast and accurate auto-focusing algorithm based on the combination of depth from focus and improved depth from defocus (2014)

An auto-focus method for digital imaging systems is proposed that combines depth from focus (DFF) and improved depth from defocus (DFD). The traditional DFD method is improved to become more rapid, which achieves a fast initial focus. The defocus distance is first calculated by the improved DFD method. The result is then used as a search step in the searching stage of the DFF method. A dynamic focusing scheme is designed for the control software, which is able to eliminate environmental disturbances and other noises so that a fast and accurate focus can be achieved. An experiment is designed to verify the proposed focusing method and the results show that the method's efficiency is at least 3-5 times higher than that of the traditional DFF method.
The proteolytic system of Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1: purification and characterization of a proteinase, a dipeptidase, and an aminopeptidase (1996)

A cell envelope 57-kDa proteinase, a cytoplasmic 65-kDa dipeptidase, and a 75-kDa aminopeptidase were purified from Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1 sourdough lactic acid bacterium by sequential fast protein liquid chromatography steps. All of the enzymes are monomers. The proteinase was most active at pH 7.0 and 40 degrees C, while aminopeptidase and dipeptidase had optima at pH 7.5 and 30 to 35 degrees C. Relatively high activities were observed at the pH and temperature of the sourdough fermentation. The proteinase is a serine enzyme. Urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of digest of alpha s1- and beta-caseins showed differences in the pattern of peptides released by the purified proteinase and those produced by crude preparations of the cell envelope proteinases of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus B397 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis SK11. Reversed-phase fast protein liquid chromatography of gliadin digests showed a more-complex peptide pattern produced by the proteinase of Lactobacillus sanfrancisco CB1. The dipeptidase is a metalloenzyme with high affinity for dipeptides containing hydrophobic amino acids but had no activity on tripeptides or larger peptides. The aminopeptidase was also inhibited by metal-chelating agents, and showed a broad N-terminal hydrolytic activity including di- and tripeptides. Km values of 0.70 and 0.44 mM were determined for the dipeptidase on Leu-Leu and the aminopeptidase on Leu-p-nitroanilide, respectively.
Water Vapor Permeation in Plastics (2017)

Polyvinyl toluene (PVT) and polystyrene (PS) (referred to as “plastic scintillator”) are used for gamma ray detectors. A significant decrease in radiation detection performance has been observed in some PVT-based gamma-ray detectors in systems in outdoor environments as they age. Recent studies have revealed that plastic scintillator can undergo an environmentally related material degradation that adversely affects gamma ray detection performance under certain conditions and histories. A significant decrease in sensitivity has been seen in some gamma-ray detectors in some systems as they age. The degradation of sensitivity of plastic scintillator over time is due to a variety of factors, and the term “aging” is used to encompass all factors. Some plastic scintillator samples show no aging effects (no significant change in sensitivity over more than 10 years), while others show severe aging (significant change in sensitivity in less than 5 years). Aging effects arise from weather (variations in heat and humidity), chemical exposure, mechanical stress, light exposure, and loss of volatile components. The damage produced by these various causes can be cumulative, causing observable damage to increase over time. Damage may be reversible up to some point, but becomes permanent under some conditions. The objective of this report is to document the phenomenon of permeability of plastic scintillator to water vapor and to derive the relationship between time, temperature, humidity and degree of water penetration in plastic. Several conclusions are documented about the properties of water permeability of plastic scintillator.
A Novel Thermally and Chemically Stable Polymer:  Poly(2-difluoromethylene-1,3-dioxolane) (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Novel Thermally and Chemically Stable Polymer: Poly(2-difluoromethylene-1,3-dioxolane)Weihong Liu, Yinzhong Guo, Yasuhiro Koike, and Yoshi OkamotoView Author Information Polymer Research Institute, Polytechnic University, Six Metrotech Center, Brooklyn, New York 11201; Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan; and ERATO, Koike Photonics Polymer Project, K2 Town Campus 144-8 Ogura, Saiwai-ku Kawasaki 212-0054, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 2, 254–255Publication Date (Web):December 17, 2003Publication History Received12 September 2003Revised19 November 2003Published online17 December 2003Published inissue 1 January 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma035369yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma035369yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views324Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Fluorine,Monomers,Polymers,Solvents,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Case 3-2002 (2002)

A 17-year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain exacerbated by eating and accompanied by nausea. The serum aspartate aminotransferase level was 119 U per liter.
Cloning Trap for Signal Peptide Sequences (2000)

Novel secreted and/or type I transmembrane proteins containing N-terminal signal sequences have been successfully cloned using the signal sequence trapping (SST) method. Often this involves random cloning of short 5' cDNA terminal ends into an epitope-tagged expression vector and the detection of expressed recombinant proteins on the cell surfaces of transfected cells with an antibody to the tagged epitope. Here, we report a novel cloning system for the detection of secreted proteins also using SST. In this method, we used the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) p24 as the epitope for tagging. To test the system, two constructs were created. The 5' terminal end of a human beta-chemokine (which was regulated upon activation, expressed by normal T cells and presumably secreted [RANTES]) and the 5' end of a human CD4 receptor were cloned upstream of and in-frame with the p24 cDNA. Secreted p24 was detectable in the culture media two days after transfection of either DNA construct into the human cell lines, HeLa and 293T. When the chimeric p24 expression constructs were transfected at a ratio of 1:100 to the vector pcDNA3.1(+), p24 could still be detected in cell supernatants. The use of a secreted viral antigen like HIV-1 p24 (or of any noncellular protein) as a marker in SST cloning approaches is likely to be advantageous because it reduces the background noise in detection and also renders this system suitable for high-throughput screening.
Enzymantic Conversion of Coal to Liquid Fuels (2011)

The work in this project focused on the conversion of bituminous coal to liquid hydrocarbons. The major steps in this process include mechanical pretreatment, chemical pretreatment, and finally solubilization and conversion of coal to liquid hydrocarbons. Two different types of mechanical pretreatment were considered for the process: hammer mill grinding and jet mill grinding. After research and experimentation, it was decided to use jet mill grinding, which allows for coal to be ground down to particle sizes of 5 {mu}m or less. A Fluid Energy Model 0101 JET-O-MIZER-630 size reduction mill was purchased for this purpose. This machine was completed and final testing was performed on the machine at the Fluid Energy facilities in Telford, PA. The test results from the machine show that it can indeed perform to the required specifications and is able to grind coal down to a mean particle size that is ideal for experimentation. Solubilization and conversion experiments were performed on various pretreated coal samples using 3 different approaches: (1) enzymatic - using extracellular Laccase and Manganese Peroxidase (MnP), (2) chemical - using Ammonium Tartrate and Manganese Peroxidase, and (3) enzymatic - using the live organisms Phanerochaete chrysosporium. Spectral analysis was used to determine how effective each of these methods were in decomposing bituminous coal. After analysis of the results and other considerations, such as cost and environmental impacts, it was determined that the enzymatic approaches, as opposed to the chemical approaches using chelators, were more effective in decomposing coal. The results from the laccase/MnP experiments and Phanerochaete chrysosporium experiments are presented and compared in this final report. Spectra from both enzymatic methods show absorption peaks in the 240nm to 300nm region. These peaks correspond to aromatic intermediates formed when breaking down the coal structure. The peaks then decrease in absorbance over time, corresponding to the consumption of aromatic intermediates as they undergo ring cleavage. The results show that this process happens within 1 hour when using extracellular enzymes, but takes several days when using live organisms. In addition, live organisms require specific culture conditions, control of contaminants and fungicides in order to effectively produce extracellular enzymes that degrade coal. Therefore, when comparing the two enzymatic methods, results show that the process of using extracellular lignin degrading enzymes, such as laccase and manganese peroxidase, appears to be a more efficient method of decomposing bituminous coal.
Alopecia Areata: Evidence-Based Treatments (2009)

Alopecia areata is a common condition causing nonscarring hair loss. It may be patchy, involve the entire scalp (alopecia totalis) or whole body (alopecia universalis). Patients may recover spontaneously but the disorder can follow a course of recurrent relapses or result in persistent hair loss. Alopecia areata can cause great psychological distress, and the most important aspect of management is counseling the patient about the unpredictable nature and course of the condition as well as the available effective treatments, with details of their side effects. Although many treatments have been shown to stimulate hair growth in alopecia areata, there are limited data on their long-term efficacy and impact on quality of life. We review the evidence for the following commonly used treatments: corticosteroids (topical, intralesional, and systemic), topical sensitizers (diphenylcyclopropenone), psoralen and ultraviolet A phototherapy (PUVA), minoxidil and dithranol.
The Effect of Aflatoxin-B1 on Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) and Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of NovaSil for the Prevention of Aflatoxicosis (2013)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen that causes growth stunting, immunosuppression and liver cancer in multiple species. The recent trend of replacing fishmeal with plant-based proteins in fish feed has amplified the AFB1 exposure risk in farm-raised fish. NovaSil (NS), a calcium montmorillonite clay, has previously been shown to reduce AFB1 bioavailability safely and efficaciously in several mammalian species. This study was designed to: (1) evaluate AFB1 impact on cultured red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, over the course of seven weeks; and (2) assess NS supplementation as a strategy to prevent aflatoxicosis. Fish were fed diets containing 0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, or 5 ppm AFB1. Two additional treatment groups were fed either 5 ppm AFB1 + 1% NS or 5 ppm AFB1 + 2% NS. Aflatoxin B1 negatively impacted red drum weight gain, survival, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, hepatosomatic index (HSI), whole-body lipid levels, liver histopathological scoring, as well as trypsin inhibition. NovaSil inclusion in AFB1-contaminated diets improved weight gain, feed efficiency, serum lysozyme concentration, muscle somatic index, and intraperitoneal fat ratios compared to AFB1-treated fish. Although not significant, NS reduced AFB1-induced histopathological changes in the liver and decreased Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) staining. Importantly, NS supplementation improved overall health of AFB1-exposed red drum.
Preparation of aqueous anionic poly(urethane‐urea) dispersions. Influence of the incorporation of acrylic, polycarbonate and perfluoro‐oligoether diols on the dispersion and polymer properties (2005)

Abstract Aqueous poly(urethane‐urea) dispersions were prepared by the prepolymer mixing technique, without using any organic solvent. This work focused on the incorporation into the prepolymer chain of specific macrodiols bearing acrylic, polycarbonate and perfluoro‐oligoether chains, in conjunction with a poly(propylene oxide) diol ( M n = 1000). All the dispersions were synthesized with a fixed NCO/OH ratio, using α,α,α′,α′‐tetramethyl‐1,3‐xylylene diisocayanate, a fixed proportion of emulsifying agent (dimethylol propionic acid, neutralized with triethylamine) and the same chain extender (1,2‐ethylene diamine). The properties of both the dispersions and the dried polymer films were characterized as a function of the nature of the specific incorporated diol and its proportion in the polymer chain, in order to establish criteria leading to an optimized performance in terms of particle size, viscosity, and polymer film properties. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.