gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eco-Cities in Japan: Past and Future (2013)

This paper outlines the emergence of eco-cities in Japan from a much needed historical perspective. Since Japan's rapid industrialization in the late nineteenth century, there has been an emphasis on economic growth at all costs. Despite the introduction of the concept of the Garden City in Japan in the early twentieth century, industrialization continued unabated. After a disastrous World War II, the nation rebuilt and enjoyed rapid economic growth in the 1950s and 1960s. Japan is still coming to terms with the cost of that economic growth. The paper examines three cities: Minamata, Kitakyūshū, and Kawasaki. Minamata has transformed itself from being a polluted city to a green tourism destination. The city of Kitakyūshū embraced an eco-town strategy in 1997 to promote a structural shift away from heavy industries to green industries. That year, Kawasaki (close to the Tokyo Metropolitan area), too, was designated an eco-town and Minamata received the same title in 2001. This paper identifies key features of eco-cities/eco-towns in Japan, the importance of retrofitting, and examines the roles of citizens, the government, and the private sector. What is surprising is the international orientation of Japanese eco-cities. These cities represent not only Japan's future, but also its efforts to deal with its industrial past.
Key Parameters Used in Modeling Pressure Loss of Fibrous Filter Media (1986)

Accurate pressure loss modeling of randomly oriented fibrous filter structures over a broad range of solidity requires that one accurately account for the following effects: 1) Fiber crossings and the resulting effective transverse boundary proximity and shape parameters and the fiber dynamic shape factor which all vary with the average solidity. 2) Slip and transition flow effects on small fibers or at low gas densities. 3) Perturbations due to manufacturing processes and multi modal fiber size distributions which cause fiber curvature, random orientation and solidity gradients in both the transverse and axial directions. Prominent pressure loss models of both the pore and fibrous type have been found lacking in their ability to predict measured pressure loss of randomly oriented fibrous filters made of near uniform size fibers over a broad range of solidity. A mitered cylinder layered screen like pressure loss model is described which is capable of accurately accounting for the effects described.
Synthesis of methanesulfonyl chloride (MSC) from methane and sulfuryl chloride (2004)

Methane is transformed selectively to methanesulfonyl chloride at low temperature by liquid-phase reaction of methane with SO(2)Cl(2) in the presence of a free radical initiator and a promoter using 100% H(2)SO(4) as the solvent.
Spatially selective single-grain silicon films induced by hydrogen plasma seeding (2002)

The enhancement of a hydrogen plasma treatment on the solid-phase crystallization of hydrogenated amorphous silicon has been applied to form single crystalline silicon islands at designed locations. Holes with diameters from 0.4 to 1.8 μm were opened in silicon nitride, and then amorphous silicon films within the holes were exposed to a hydrogen plasma to create microcrystalline seeds. After furnace annealing, the relationship between the size of holes and number of grains in the holes has been investigated. It is found that a single nucleus cannot be induced until the diameter of holes decreases below 0.6 μm. Further annealing enlarges the grain size by lateral growth but does not increase the number of grains in the hole.
Efficient Compression and Querying of XML Repositories (2008)

With the rapidly increasing popularity of XML as a data format, there is a large demand for efficient techniques in storing and querying XML documents. However XML is by nature verbose, due to repeatedly used tags that describe data. For this reason the storage requirements of XML can be excessive and lead to increased costs for data manipulation. Therefore, it seems natural to use compression techniques to increase the efficiency of storing and querying XML data. In this paper, we propose a new approach called SCQX for Storing, Compressing and Querying XML documents. This approach compresses the structure of an XML document based on exploiting repetitive consecutive tags in the structure, and then SCQX stores the compressed XML structure and the data separately in a robust storage structure that includes a set of access support structures to guarantee fast query performance. Moreover, SCQX supports querying of the compressed XML structure directly and efficiently without requiring decompression. An experimental evaluation on sets of XML data shows the effectiveness of our approach.
Synthesis of fused dihydropyrimidinones from cyclic-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds: Modified Biginelli synthesis of 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazolinediones and 3 ,4-dihydro-l H -indeno [1,2 -d] pyrimidine-2,5-diones (2004)

Syntheses of bicyclo-3,4-dihydropyrimidinediones from cyclic 1,3-diketones such as 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione (dimedone) and 1,3-indanedione have been attempted. During the multicomponent coupling of dimedone with (thio)urea and aldehydes, the unprecedented products of 9-aryl xanthene derivatives are obtained instead of the expected 4-aryl-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroquinazolinediones. Also, this reaction is senstive to solvent and the mole ratio of the ingredients used. High yields of bicyclic and tricyclic DHPMs with good selectivity are obtained using excess of urea and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds. Interestingly, DHPMs are also formed in good to excellent yields by neat stirring of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, aldehydes and urea, keeping oil-bath temperature at 110°C. The mechanistic aspects of the reaction are also mentioned.
ObjectRank (2006)

We present ObjectRank demo system that performs authority-based keyword search on bibliographic databases. We also provide Inverse ObjectRank as a keyword-specific specificity metric and other calibration parameters such as Global ObjectRank. Users can specify various combinations of calibration values to control the behavior of the demo. Finally, we propose a methodology that enables us to extend query results using the ontology graph.
Toward Mobile Mixed-Reality Interaction With Multi-Robot Systems (2017)

Although human-multi-robot systems have received increased attention in recent years, current implementations rely on structured environments and utilize specialized, research-grade hardware to operate. This letter presents approaches that leverage the visual and inertial sensing of mobile devices to address the estimation and control challenges of multi-robot systems that function in shared spaces with human operators such that both the mobile device camera and robots can move freely in the environment. It is shown that a subset of robots in the system can be used to maintain a reference frame that facilitates tracking and control of the remaining robots to perform tasks, such as object retrieval, using an operator's mobile device as the only sensing and computational platform in the system. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approaches, experiments are conducted in which a system of mobile robots is commanded to retrieve objects in an environment. Results show that, compared to using the visual data alone, integrating both the visual and inertial data from mobile devices yields improvements in performance, flexibility, and computational efficiency in implementing human-multi-robot systems.
Automated analysis of<sup>15</sup>N and<sup>14</sup>C in biological samples (1989)

Abstract An automated method for the simultaneous analysis of total N, total C, 15N and 14C in small plant and soil samples is described. A commercial C‐N analyser ‐ continuous flow isotope ratio mass spectrometer (ANCA‐MS) has been extended to also measure CO2 and collect 14CO2 produced by sample combustion. Samples containing 20 ‐ 200 μg N and up to 5 mg C can be analysed directly with no sample preparation other than drying and fine grinding. The precision of total elemental analysis is comparable to that by conventional methods. The average standard deviation of 15N analyses of plant material at natural abundance was ±1 ‰. This is accurate enough for all 15N studies except those using natural abundance and possibly long term studies of soil organic matter. Recovery of 14C in test samples was 100%. The instrument can be operated by graduate students under supervision and operating costs are primarily for sample cups, combustion catalyst and quartz tubes.
Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Light-Emitting Diodes by Using an Electron-Transport Material with High Electron Affinity (2009)

Spin-coated polymer-based phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) were found to be substantially brighter and more efficient when 4,9-diphenylbisindenoanthorazoline (DADA) was used as an electron-transport material compared to widely used Alq3. Devices with fac-tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)3) dispersed in poly(N-vinylcarbazole) as the emissive layer and DADA as the electron-transport layer showed a maximum brightness of 73 600 cd/m2 and a maximum luminous efficiency of 48.1 cd/A at a brightness of 5640 cd/m2. The high electron affinity (3.67 eV) and electron mobility (3.1 × 10−5 cm2/V·s) of DADA explain its effectiveness as an electron-transport material in PhOLEDs. These results demonstrate the use of an electron-transport material having a high electron affinity as a promising strategy for improving the charge injection and overall performance of PhOLEDs.
Chaotic States of Anharmonic Systems in Periodic Fields (1979)

It is shown that the nonlinear dynamics of anharmonically interacting particles in the presence of periodic fields leads to a set of cascading bifurcations into a chaotic state. This state is characterized by the existence of a strange attractor in phase space and associated broadband noise in the spectral density. It is suggested that solid-state turbulence is likely to be found in weakly pinned charge-density-wave systems and superionic conductors.
1,2- and 1,4-Dibromides from Cyclopentadiene (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1,2- and 1,4-Dibromides from CyclopentadieneW. G. Young, H. K. Hall Jr., and S. WinsteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 17, 4338–4344Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01598a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01598a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and X-ray Structural Study of 1-Arylbenziodoxolones (2013)

Various 1-arylbenziodoxolones can be conveniently prepared from 2-iodobenzoic acid and arenes by a one-pot procedure using Oxone (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) as an inexpensive and environmentally safe oxidant. This procedure is also applicable for the synthesis of the 7-methylbenziodoxolone ring system using 2-iodo-3-methylbenzoic acid as starting compound. Structures of four 1-arylbenziodoxolone derivatives were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. An enhanced reactivity of 1-aryl-7-methylbenziodoxolones toward nucleophiles compared to unsubstituted 1-arylbenziodoxolones has been found.
Bacterial Endophthalmitis: Epidemiology, Therapeutics, and Bacterium-Host Interactions (2002)

Endophthalmitis is a severe inflammation of the interior of the eye caused by the introduction of contaminating microorganisms following trauma, surgery, or hematogenous spread from a distant infection site. Despite appropriate therapeutic intervention, bacterial endophthalmitis frequently results in visual loss, if not loss of the eye itself. Although the pathogenicity of bacterial endophthalmitis has historically been linked with toxin production during infection, a paucity of information exists as to the exact mechanisms of retinal toxicity and the triggers for induction of the intraocular immune response. Recently, research has begun to examine the bacterial and host molecular and cellular events that contribute to ocular damage during endophthalmitis. This review focuses on the causative agents and therapeutic challenges of bacterial endophthalmitis and provides current data from the analysis of the role of bacterial virulence factors and host inflammatory interactions in the pathogenesis of eye infections. Based on these and related studies, a hypothetical model for the molecular pathogenesis of bacterial endophthalmitis is proposed. Identifying and understanding the basic mechanisms of these bacterium-host interactions will provide the foundation for which novel, information-based therapeutic agents are developed in order to prevent vision loss during endophthalmitis.
Comparison of Betaferon, Avonex, and Rebif in treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (2006)

Treatment with Betaferon, Avenox, and Rebif significantly reduce relapse rate and EDSS score in patients with RRMS.
Microfluidic platform for isolating nucleic acid targets using sequence specific hybridization (2013)

The separation of target nucleic acid sequences from biological samples has emerged as a significant process in today's diagnostics and detection strategies. In addition to the possible clinical applications, the fundamental understanding of target and sequence specific hybridization on surface modified magnetic beads is of high value. In this paper, we describe a novel microfluidic platform that utilizes a mobile magnetic field in static microfluidic channels, where single stranded DNA (ssDNA) molecules are isolated via nucleic acid hybridization. We first established efficient isolation of biotinylated capture probe (BP) using streptavidin-coated magnetic beads. Subsequently, we investigated the hybridization of target ssDNA with BP bound to beads and explained these hybridization kinetics using a dual-species kinetic model. The number of hybridized target ssDNA molecules was determined to be about 6.5 times less than that of BP on the bead surface, due to steric hindrance effects. The hybridization of target ssDNA with non-complementary BP bound to bead was also examined, and non-specific hybridization was found to be insignificant. Finally, we demonstrated highly efficient capture and isolation of target ssDNA in the presence of non-target ssDNA, where as low as 1% target ssDNA can be detected from mixture. The microfluidic method described in this paper is significantly relevant and is broadly applicable, especially towards point-of-care biological diagnostic platforms that require binding and separation of known target biomolecules, such as RNA, ssDNA, or protein.
Zigzag structures obtained by anisotropic etching of macroporous silicon (2013)

High-aspect-ratio structures with thin corrugated walls have been obtained by processing of macroporous silicon with a trigonal lattice in anisotropic etchants. For this purpose, a pattern of seeding etch pits with a certain orientation relative to crystallographic axes is created prior to electrochemical etching and a solution of definite composition for treating macropores is used after anodizing. The possibility of using zigzag structures as anodes in lithium-ion batteries is discussed.
A better approach to DC power filtering (2004)

The goal of DC power filtering is to provide stable DC power and reduce electromagnetic interference (EMI) and transients. As integrated circuits (IC) on printed circuit boards (PCB) increase in power demands, have faster switching frequencies and larger population densities, power filtering gains in cost, complexity, and frequency range. The paper highlights the radiated emissions results of a microprocessor development board using different combinations and configurations of power filters and evaluating it against the X2Y/sup /spl reg// Technology.
Meer mycorrhizapaddestoelen door plaggen (2001)

Verwijdering van de strooisellagen lijkt een toepasbare maatregel te zijn om het aantal eetbare mycorrhizapaddestoelen te vergroten. Door deze maatregel wordt een grote hoeveelheid stikstof afgevoerd
Desvenlafaxine in the treatment of major depressive disorder (2009)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most incapacitating conditions in the world. The emergence of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) antidepressants has improved the treatment of MDD. Desvenlafaxine succinate (DVS) is the succinate salt of the isolated major active metabolite of venlafaxine, O-desmethylvenlafaxine: it is the third SNRI to become available in the United States, and was approved in 2008 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of MDD. Early investigations showed therapeutic efficacy for doses between 50 and 400 mg/day; however in doses above 100 mg/day there were incremental increases in side effects. Nausea was the most frequent adverse effect. Hence the recommended dosing for DVS is in the 50 to 100 mg range. Desvenlafaxine is excreted in urine, it is minimally metabolized via the CYP450 pathway, and is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6. A reduced risk for pharmacokinetic drug interactions is a potential advantage over other SNRI. Further head-to-head trials involving comparisons of DVS in the 50 to 100 mg dose range with currently available SSRI and SNRI antidepressants are required. Evidence for relapse prevention is available in the 200 to 400 mg dose range, but this needs to be demonstrated in the 50 to 100 mg dose range, as well as health economic measures and quality of life evaluations.
An Auxin-Regulated Gene of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> Encodes a DNA-Binding Protein (1989)

We have isolated a single-copy gene from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, called dbp, which encodes a lysine-rich, DNA-binding protein. The Dbp protein has a molecular weight and a composition resembling histone H1. When the dbp gene was expressed in bacteria, the protein product bound DNA nonspecifically. The dbp gene is expressed constitutively in all parts of the plant but is induced five times above this basal level in apical zones. In vitro hormone-depletion experiments showed that the expression in the shoot apex could be induced by exogenous auxin. In situ hybridizations in the root apex indicated that the expression of dbp is enhanced in the region of cell division.
Inhibition of Transferrin Recycling and Endosome Tubulation by Phospholipase A2 Antagonists (2001)

We report here that a broad spectrum of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) antagonists produce a concentration-dependent, differential block in the endocytic recycling pathway of transferrin (Tf) and Tf receptors (TfRs) but have no acute affect on Tf uptake from the cell surface. At low concentrations of antagonists (approximately 1 microm), Tf and TfR accumulated in centrally located recycling endosomes, whereas at higher concentrations (approximately 10 microm), Tf-TfR accumulated in peripheral sorting endosomes. Several independent lines of evidence suggest that this inhibition of recycling may result from the inhibition of tubule formation. First, BFA-stimulated endosome tubule formation was similarly inhibited by PLA(2) antagonists. Second, endocytosed tracers were found in larger spherical endosomes in the presence of PLA(2) antagonists. And third, endosome tubule formation in a cell-free, cytosol-dependent reconstitution system was equally sensitive PLA(2) antagonists. These results are consistent with the conclusion that endosome membrane tubules are formed by the action of a cytoplasmic PLA(2) and that PLA(2)-dependent tubules are involved in intracellular recycling of Tf and TfR. When taken together with previous studies on the Golgi complex, these results also indicate that an intracellular PLA(2) activity provides a novel molecular mechanism for inducing tubule formation from multiple organelles.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of Coumarin-Substituted Pyrazole Derivatives as Potent Anti-Staphylococcus aureus Agents (2020)

In this paper, synthesis and antimicrobial studies of 31 novel coumarin-substituted pyrazole derivatives are reported. Some of these compounds have shown potent activity against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 3.125 µg/mL. These molecules are equally potent at inhibiting the development of MRSA biofilm and the destruction of preformed biofilm. These results are very significant as MRSA strains have emerged as one of the most menacing pathogens of humans and this bacterium is bypassing HIV in terms of fatality rate.
New Metrics for Characterizing the Significance of Nodes in Wireless Networks via Path-Based Neighborhood Analysis (2009)

This paper considers the problem of finding the most central nodes in neighborhoods of a given network with directed or undirected links taking into account only local information. An algorithm that calculates ranking, taking into account the n-hop neighborhood of each node is proposed. The method is compared to popular existing schemes for ranking, using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and other metrics. An extension to a faster algorithm which reduces the size of the examined network is described as well.
An Efficient Hybrid Music Recommender System Using an Incrementally Trainable Probabilistic Generative Model (2008)

This paper presents a hybrid music recommender system that ranks musical pieces while efficiently maintaining collaborative and content-based data, i.e., rating scores given by users and acoustic features of audio signals. This hybrid approach overcomes the conventional tradeoff between recommendation accuracy and variety of recommended artists. Collaborative filtering, which is used on e-commerce sites, cannot recommend nonbrated pieces and provides a narrow variety of artists. Content-based filtering does not have satisfactory accuracy because it is based on the heuristics that the user's favorite pieces will have similar musical content despite there being exceptions. To attain a higher recommendation accuracy along with a wider variety of artists, we use a probabilistic generative model that unifies the collaborative and content-based data in a principled way. This model can explain the generative mechanism of the observed data in the probability theory. The probability distribution over users, pieces, and features is decomposed into three conditionally independent ones by introducing latent variables. This decomposition enables us to efficiently and incrementally adapt the model for increasing numbers of users and rating scores. We evaluated our system by using audio signals of commercial CDs and their corresponding rating scores obtained from an e-commerce site. The results revealed that our system accurately recommended pieces including nonrated ones from a wide variety of artists and maintained a high degree of accuracy even when new users and rating scores were added.