gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-tuned congestion control for multiprocessor networks (2002)

One-track performance in tightly-coupled multiprocessors typically, degrades rapidly beyond network saturation. Consequently, designers must keep a network below its saturation point by reducing the load on the network. Congestion control via source throttling-a common technique to reduce the network load-presents new packets from entering the network in the presence of congestion. Unfortunately, prior schemes to implement source throttling either lack vital global information about the network to make the correct decision (whether to throttle or not) or depend on specific network parameters, network topology or communication pattern. This paper presents a global-knowledge-based, self-tuned, congestion control technique that prevents saturation at high loads across different network configurations and commutation pattern. Our design is composed of two key components. First, we use global information about a network to obtain a timely estimate of network congestion. We compare this estimate to a threshold value to determine when to throttle packet injection. The second component is a self-tuning mechanism that automatically determines appropriate threshold values based on throughput feedback. A combination of these two techniques provides high performance under heavy load does not penalize performance under light load, and gracefully adapts to changes in communication patterns.
Octet Sequences for Upper-Layer OSI to Support Basic Communications Applications (1994)

This document states particular octet sequences that comprise the OSI upper-layer protocols (Session, Presentation and ACSE) when used to support applications with "basic communications requirements". These include OSI application protocols such as X.400 P7 and Directory Access Protocol, and "migrant" protocols, originally defined for use over other transports.
A boiling heat transfer paradox (1992)

An instructive experiment for observing the Leidenfrost phenomenon is presented. The experiment, suitable for an undergraduate experimental course, consists of introducing a copper body at room temperature into liquid nitrogen and observing its temperature history. The experiment is then repeated with the body covered by a thermal insulating material, observing that the body reaches thermal equilibrium much more rapidly in the second case. This apparent paradox greatly motivates the students, who need to understand the different regimes of boiling heat transfer to resolve it. The paper also contains an approximate method to determine the insulator thickness that gives the minimum cooling period.
Electrically-Controlled Light Transmission Glazing for Automotive Applications Based on NCAP Technology (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The first commercially available, large area, electrically-controllable glazing products based on nematic droplet/polymer film (NCAP) technology are described. The products, which are sold under the tradename VARILITE™, can be switched in milliseconds between a highly translucent state (for privacy and glare control) to a transparent state (for good visibility} with the application of an AC voltage. The optical and environmental properties are reviewed and future applications to automotive glazing are considered. The requirements for laminating large area, complex-curved shapes are discussed and some initial results are presented.</div>
Beyond the brain: Optogenetic control in the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system (2016)

Optogenetics offers promise for dissecting the complex neural circuits of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system and has therapeutic potential for addressing unmet clinical needs. Much progress has been made to enable optogenetic control in normal and disease states, both in proof-of-concept and mechanistic studies in rodent models. In this Review, we discuss challenges in using optogenetics to study the mammalian spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, synthesize common features that unite the work done thus far, and describe a route forward for the successful application of optogenetics to translational research beyond the brain.
Lead-catalyzed cleavage of yeast tRNAPhe mutants (1990)

Yeast tRNA(Phe) lacking modified nucleotides undergoes lead-catalyzed cleavage between nucleotides U17 and G18 at a rate very similar to that of its fully modified counterpart. The rates of cleavage for 28 tRNA(Phe) mutants were determined to define the structural requirements of this reaction. The cleavage rate was found to be very dependent on the identity and correct positioning of the two lead-coordinating pyrimidines defined by X-ray crystallography. Nucleotide changes that disrupted the tertiary interactions of tRNAPhe reduced the rate of cleavage even when they were distant from the lead binding pocket. However, nucleotide changes designed to maintain tertiary interactions showed normal rates of cleavage, thereby making the reaction of a useful probe for tRNA(Phe) structure. Certain mutants resulted in the enhancement of cleavage at a "cryptic" site at C48. The sequences of Escherichia coli tRNA(Phe) and yeast tRNA(Arg) were altered such that they acquired the ability to cleave at U17, confirming our understanding of the structural requirements for cleavage. This mutagenic analysis of the lead cleavage domain provides a useful guide for similar analysis of autocatalytic self-cleavage reactions.
High‐Density Polyethylene Micro‐ and Nanocomposites: Effect of Particle Shape, Size and Surface Treatment on Polymer Crystallinity and Gas Permeability (2004)

Abstract Summary: High‐density polyethylene (HDPE) micro‐ and nanocomposites with spherical and platelike inclusions were prepared and the effect of filler particles on polymer crystallinity and gas permeability was investigated. Platelike inclusions strongly reduce the polymer permeability coefficient, while spherical ones have no influence on it, irrespective of their size. The reduction in gas permeability depends on the average aspect ratio of the inclusions, which in turn depends on the exfoliation of the organo‐montmorillonites (OM) and consequently on its surface treatment. A TEM micrograph of 3 vol.‐% 2C18 · M‐HDPE nanocomposite, showing partial exfoliation of the organo‐montmorillonite. image A TEM micrograph of 3 vol.‐% 2C18 · M‐HDPE nanocomposite, showing partial exfoliation of the organo‐montmorillonite.
Repression of FLOWERING LOCUS C and FLOWERING LOCUS T by the Arabidopsis Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 Components (2008)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved in animals and plants, and play critical roles in the regulation of developmental gene expression. Here we show that the Arabidopsis Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) subunits CURLY LEAF (CLF), EMBRYONIC FLOWER 2 (EMF2) and FERTILIZATION INDEPENDENT ENDOSPERM (FIE) repress the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central repressor of the floral transition in Arabidopsis and FLC relatives. In addition, CLF directly interacts with and mediates the deposition of repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) into FLC and FLC relatives, which suppresses active histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) in these loci. Furthermore, we show that during vegetative development CLF and FIE strongly repress the expression of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), a key flowering-time integrator, and that CLF also directly interacts with and mediates the deposition of H3K27me3 into FT chromatin. Our results suggest that PRC2-like complexes containing CLF, EMF2 and FIE, directly interact with and deposit into FT, FLC and FLC relatives repressive trimethyl H3K27 leading to the suppression of active H3K4me3 in these loci, and thus repress the expression of these flowering genes. Given the central roles of FLC and FT in flowering-time regulation in Arabidopsis, these findings suggest that the CLF-containing PRC2-like complexes play a significant role in control of flowering in Arabidopsis.
CO<sub>2</sub> Enrichment at Night Affects the Growth and Yield of Common Beans (2014)

ABSTRACT Many experiments to determine the crop yield increase expected with rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration added carbon dioxide only during the daytime, without tests of whether elevation of carbon dioxide at night affected plant growth. In this experiment, two cultivars of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in the field for 4 yr in open‐top chambers in which CO 2 was added during the day or the night, both day and night, or not at all. CO 2 was added to increase the concentration by 180 μmol mol −1 above that of the ambient outside air, which averaged 392 μmol mol −1 during the daytime and 503 μmol mol −1 at night. In the two cultivars, the average increase in seed yield above the ambient CO 2 treatment was 42% with daytime CO 2 enrichment and 77% with continuous enrichment. In both cultivars, continuous CO 2 enrichment increased the area of individual leaflets by about 40% compared with daytime enrichment. Leaflet size was the same with daytime CO 2 enrichment and with no enrichment. In one of the cultivars, nighttime CO 2 elevation alone increased leaflet size and seed yield. The results indicated that CO 2 enrichment at night had important consequences for the growth and yield of these bean cultivars, and that daytime‐only CO 2 enrichment greatly underestimated the yield increase likely to occur with rising atmospheric CO 2 concentrations.
An Enhanced Three-Party Authentication Key Exchange Protocol for Mobile Commerce Environments (2010)

Recently, Yang et al. proposed a three-party encrypted key exchange protocol (3PAKE) which is based on Elliptic curve cryptography. Their 3PAKE protocol is efficient because it requires less computation cost and less communication cost, which is well suitable for mobile commerce environments. However, Yang et al.’s 3PAKE protocol is susceptible to parallel attacks and impersonation attacks. We presented an enhancement to resolve such security problems. Detailed analyses show that our proposed protocol is a secure 3PAKE protocol and more efficient.
Effect of Size and Surface Ligands of Silver (Ag) Nanoparticles on Waterborne Bacteria (2012)

Clean drinking water is a matter of concern for all countries, more so for many developing countries and consequently various methods of producing clean drinking water are being practiced for provision of such water to the consumers. At the same time an attempt is always made to adopt any new technique or technology to use it for commercially feasible production of such water. In recent years, with the advent of fast developing technologies, nanotechnology has also come into operation for economic and commercial production of clean drinking water. With a view to produce clean drinking water free from pathogens by the use of nanotechnology, we have investigated the antibacterial properties of silver (Ag) nanoparticles against waterborne bacteria in the public water supply sources in Islamabad, the capital of Pakistan. Water samples from over 50 water supply sources were collected and bacterial strains were identified by API20E method. Different silver nanoparticles were tested against 8 different bacterial isolates at concentrations varying from 26 to about 77 μg/mL. Nanoparticles of size ranging from 3-8 nm prepared by casein stabilization method showed the best activity against all isolated strains, E. coli being the most effectively inhibited with an average 14.9 mm zone of inhibition. C. sakazakii (12.6 mm) was most sensitive to citrate stabilized particles, followed by E. coli (12.3 mm), K. pneumoniae (12 mm) and P. aeruginosa (11.6 mm). These results provide a useful picture for the development of water filters incorporated with silver nanoparticles. We believe that this study is important for the public, particularly in the developing countries and also for others working in the area of antibacterial effects of nanoparticles.
Highly Responsive Ultrathin GaS Nanosheet Photodetectors on Rigid and Flexible Substrates (2013)

The first GaS nanosheet-based photodetectors are demonstrated on both mechanically rigid and flexible substrates. Highly crystalline, exfoliated GaS nanosheets are promising for optoelectronics due to strong absorption in the UV-visible wavelength region. Photocurrent measurements of GaS nanosheet photodetectors made on SiO2/Si substrates and flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates exhibit a photoresponsivity at 254 nm up to 4.2 AW(-1) and 19.2 AW(-1), respectively, which exceeds that of graphene, MoS2, or other 2D material-based devices. Additionally, the linear dynamic range of the devices on SiO2/Si and PET substrates are 97.7 dB and 78.73 dB, respectively. Both surpass that of currently exploited InGaAs photodetectors (66 dB). Theoretical modeling of the electronic structures indicates that the reduction of the effective mass at the valence band maximum (VBM) with decreasing sheet thickness enhances the carrier mobility of the GaS nanosheets, contributing to the high photocurrents. Double-peak VBMs are theoretically predicted for ultrathin GaS nanosheets (thickness less than five monolayers), which is found to promote photon absorption. These theoretical and experimental results show that GaS nanosheets are promising materials for high-performance photodetectors on both conventional silicon and flexible substrates.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiN/NbN Multilayered Coating (2010)

In this study, multilayers of TiN/NbN were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering on die steel substrates. The structure, morphology and nano-hardness were assessed using X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy (AFM), stylus profiler (XP-2 stylus profiler) and nanoindentation, respectively. Wear tests were performed on pin-on-disk configuration and dry sliding conditions, at 5N load by using hardened steel ball. The result shows TiN with highly (111) preferred orientation. On mechanical properties, Young’s modulus and hardness values increase for layers number increase. At 64 layers films had the highest nano-hardness, Young’s modulus values. The TiN/NbN multilayer films presented changes in its morphology becoming more granulated and density after heating up to 500°C. A significant decrease in friction coefficient has been achieved for TiN/NbN multilayers against steel ball.
XPS study of mixed cerium–terbium orthophosphate catalysts (1990)

Abstract Monazite structure‐type solid solutions of cerium and terbium orthophosphates Ce 1− x Tb x PO 4 , with 0 < x < 1, were prepared by coprecipitation followed by calcination at 800°C for 2 h. They were used as catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene. The compounds Ce 0.9 Tb 0.1 PO 4 and Ce 0.7 Tb 0.3 PO 4 , which give the maximum yield of styrene, were studied by XPS before and after catalysis. The binding energies were determined with carbon contamination as a reference (level 1s). Quantitative analysis was performed by using the limit compounds CePO 4 and TbPO 4 as standards. The surface composition before catalysis is slightly different from the bulk composition, whereas no significant variation of binding energies is observed. After catalysis, an important broadening of the peaks and a decrease of the (Ce + Tb)/P ratio appears. The decomposition of the P 2p and O 1s peaks allows us to show the formation of pyrophosphate at the catalyst surface. The formation of this phase during the catalytic reaction is connected to the mechanism of the surface reaction.
Real-Time Task Attributes and Temporal Constraints (2014)

Real-time tasks need attributes for monitoring their execution and performing recovery actions in case of failures. Temporal constraints are a class of real-time task attributes where the constraints relate the status of the task to temporal entities. Violating temporal constraints can produce consequences of unknown severity. This paper is part of our on-going research on real-time multi agent systems constraints. We discuss the importance of temporal constraints and present a task model that explicitly represents temporal constraints. We also present our preliminary results from our initial implementation in the domain of Meeting Schedules Management involving multiple users assisted by agents.
Identification by differential display of a mRNA specifically induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in T84 human colon carcinoma cells. (1996)

12-o-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-Acetate (TPA) down-regulates the expression of the gene responsible for cystic fibrosis (CFTR). To understand the mechanism by which TPA down-regulates CFTR, we decided to study genes specifically induced by this phorbol ester in T84 human colon carcinoma cells, which highly express CFTR, using differential display. Several strategies that allowed us to overcome false-positive reactions in differential displays are described. We have detected different cDNAs obtained from mRNAs specifically induced by TPA. A cDNA fragment corresponding to a mRNA of approximately 2.2 kb was sequenced. Part of this sequence has been reported by others in GenBank and corresponds to a cDNA from a human lung library. The function is unknown and does not have any significant homology with other sequences. It is expressed after two hrs in T84 cells treated with TPA, reaching a maximum response by four hrs. The dose-response curve shows increased mRNA levels starting at 10 ng/ml of TPA and reaching a maximum by 50 ng/ml TPA (10-fold stimulation over control). This mRNA shows a rapid and large response to TPA and it might be involved in the differentiation of T84 cells induced by TPA.
Bromination of Catechol (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBromination of CatecholMoritz KohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 1, 480Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01145a519https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01145a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1165Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Sampling for Simulations of Interfacial Membrane Proteins:  Application of Generalized Shadow Hybrid Monte Carlo to a Peptide Toxin/Bilayer System (2008)

The computational costs associated with performing molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are still somewhat prohibitive and therefore limit the time and length scales that can be currently achieved. One approach to overcoming the limited size and duration of a simulation is to reduce the amount of detail when representing a system of interest, generally termed "coarse-graining". An alternative approach is via more efficient sampling methods that offer an enhanced search of a complex multidimensional energy landscape. One could also combine enhanced sampling methods with a coarse-grained (CG) force field. Here, we apply generalized shadow hybrid Monte Carlo (GSHMC), a recently proposed simulation protocol, to a biomolecular system of moderate size and show that GSHMC offers improved sampling compared to standard MD simulation. Our test system is a CG representation of a small peptide toxin interacting with a phospholipid bilayer. Specifically, we show that GSHMC allows for a quicker localization of the toxin to its equilibrium location of interaction at the headgroup/water interface of the bilayer. GSHMC therefore potentially allows for future exploration of larger and more complex systems over longer periods, which would otherwise be impractical to perform using conventional simulation methodology.
Del sujeto cautivo a los consumidores nomádicos (1991)

Most biofilm research has so far focused on investigating biofilms generated by single bacterial strains. However, such single-species biofilms are rare in nature where bacteria typically coexist with other microorganisms. Although, from a biological view, the possible interactions occurring between different bacteria are well studied, little is known about what determines the material properties of a multi-species biofilm. Here, we ask how the co-cultivation of two <i>B. subtilis</i> strains affects certain important biofilm properties such as surface topography and wetting behavior. We find that, even though each daughter colony typically resembles one of the parent colonies in terms of morphology and wetting, it nevertheless exhibits a significantly different surface topography. Yet, this difference is only detectable via a quantitative metrological analysis of the biofilm surface. Furthermore, we show that this difference is due to the presence of bacteria belonging to the 'other' parent strain, which does not dominate the biofilm features. The findings presented here may pinpoint new strategies for how biofilms with hybrid properties could be generated from two different bacterial strains. In such engineered biofilms, it might be possible to combine desired properties from two strains by co-cultivation.
Identification of a Novel <emph type="ital">TP53</emph> Cancer Susceptibility Mutation Through Whole-Genome Sequencing of a Patient With Therapy-Related AML (2011)

Whole-genome sequencing can identify novel, cryptic variants in cancer susceptibility genes in addition to providing unbiased information on the spectrum of mutations in a cancer genome.
Mechanisms of action of acriflavine: electron microscopic study of cell wall changes induced in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by acriflavine (2009)

The antimicrobial action of acriflavine, a quaternary ammonium compound, on Staphylococcus aureus was studied by electron microscopic observation. The bactericidal activity of acriflavine was dose-dependent over the 4 hr of exposure time. Scanning electron micrographs showed a wavy wrinkled cell surface following treatment with acriflavine. Transmission electron micrographs showed thickened cell walls following treatment with acriflavine. Acriflavine-induced cell wall thickness seemed to affect both the peripheral and cross walls, but was reversible after treatment removal. These findings indicate that cell wall thickness is a characteristic phenotype of S. aureus exposed to acriflavine. It is therefore believed that cell wall thickness plays an important role in the mechanism of action of acriflavine.
Chromosome Damage Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Early Infection (1986)

The chromosome damage induced by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in vitro was examined up to 6 h after infection using HT-1080 cells. Initial damage occurring within 3 h was specific, involving uncoiling of chromosome 1q12-21 and to a lesser extent the pericentric regions of chromosomes 9, 16 and satellited chromosomes. For the initial unwinding, synthesis of the immediate early class of HSV proteins needed to occur as was demonstrated using HSV-1 temperature-sensitive mutants tsK and tsB7 and two viral inhibitors, beta-propiolactone and psoralen plus long wavelength u.v. light. Later damage included chromatid breaks, acentric fragments and pulverization which did not take place until synthesis of delayed early proteins had begun.