gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines in specific-pathogen-free piglets with bacterial cell surface antigens in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (1985)

The progenies of specific-pathogen-free sows which had been immunized with Bordetella bronchiseptica vaccines of various origin before parturition were challenged intranasally with B. bronchiseptica within 5 days of birth. Sera of piglets were taken weekly and investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay against a mixture of B. bronchiseptica cell surface antigens containing curled fibers and fimbriae, lipopolysaccharide, and a mixture of proteins mostly derived from the outer membrane. The serological response to this antigenic mixture was paradoxical; the highest titers were obtained with the least effective vaccines. Antibodies which did relate to protection were oriented against the outer-membrane-derived proteins, one of which, of 68,000 molecular weight, appeared to be particularly important for two reasons. First, its concentration within the antigenic mixture was dependent upon cultural conditions; of all the proteins present in virulent strains, it was the first to disappear upon modulation. Second, it was absent from a strain which was unable to induce atrophic rhinitis in specific-pathogen-free piglets. Although all vaccines tested had some beneficial effect on the various clinical manifestations of the disease, only two vaccines were effective (P less than 0.001) in the prevention of nasal pathological changes. These two vaccines also stimulated the highest titers against the 68,000-molecular-weight protein. A mouse protection test utilizing a lethal intraperitoneal challenge failed to monitor the efficacy of vaccines for protection against atrophic rhinitis.
Defining goal-driven fault management metrics in a real world environment: a case-study from Nokia (2002)

For measurements to be worthwhile, they must be linked to the goals of an organization. Automated data collection systems are effective, but they can encourage collecting only data that is easily available. The Fixed Switching unit from Nokia has automated data collection systems supporting its processes. It started measurement based improvement of the fault management process by defining goal-driven metrics on top of the existing systems. Fault management includes the analysis and correction of faults, and the delivery of corrections. The work consisted of translating high-level goals into measurement goals, applying the Goal-Question-Metric paradigm to identify questions and indicators, and identifying needed data. Starting with a workshop setting helped to get practitioners involved. Having specified measurement goals helped defining concrete metrics that are targeted at specific audiences. The defined metrics serve the purposes of monitoring fault traffic, and process improvement. Metrics need to evolve, and the metrics implemented first use only data from the fault tracking system, providing the best reporting facilities at the moment. However, metrics that require qualitative checking of data cannot be automated.
[Magnetic soft siloxane material for arterial embolization and hyperthermia of malignant tumors]. (2003)

A newly developed polysiloxan material for arterial embolization of parenchymatous organs is described. This new agent can be used for distal-proximal embolization with following local hyperthermia. The preliminary results of clinical use are presented.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Cancer Biomarkers in the Clinic by Use of a Nanostructured Microfluidic Array (2012)

Multiplexed biomarker protein detection holds unrealized promise for clinical cancer diagnostics due to lack of suitable measurement devices and lack of rigorously validated protein panels. Here we report an ultrasensitive electrochemical microfluidic array optimized to measure a four-protein panel of biomarker proteins, and we validate the protein panel for accurate oral cancer diagnostics. Unprecedented ultralow detection into the 5-50 fg·mL(-1) range was achieved for simultaneous measurement of proteins interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and VEGF-C in diluted serum. The immunoarray achieves high sensitivity in 50 min assays by using off-line protein capture by magnetic beads carrying 400,000 enzyme labels and ~100,000 antibodies. After capture of the proteins and washing to inhibit nonspecific binding, the beads are magnetically separated and injected into the array for selective capture by antibodies on eight nanostructured sensors. Good correlations with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for protein determinations in conditioned cancer cell media confirmed the accuracy of this approach. Normalized means of the four protein levels in 78 oral cancer patient serum samples and 49 controls gave clinical sensitivity of 89% and specificity of 98% for oral cancer detection, demonstrating high diagnostic utility. The low-cost, easily fabricated immunoarray provides a rapid serum test for diagnosis and personalized therapy of oral cancer. The device is readily adaptable to clinical diagnostics of other cancers.
Use of a lethally irradiated major histocompatibility complex nonrestricted cytotoxic T-cell line for effective purging of marrows containing lysis-sensitive or -resistant leukemic targets [see comments] (1996)

Improved marrow purging protocols are needed in autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMT) to achieve complete eradication of minimal residual disease. This study investigates the potential of a human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) nonrestricted killer T-cell line (TALL-104) as a new marrow purging agent in a clinical setting. TALL-104 cells can be irradiated without losing cytotoxic activity against tumor targets in vitro. In vivo, the irradiated killers can be adoptively transferred into immunodeficient and immunocompetent leukemia-bearing mice, and reverse their disease even in advanced stages. The present study shows that gamma-irradiated TALL-104 cells, cultured for 18 hours with marrows from healthy donors, do not impair the viability and long-term growth of committed and pluripotent hematopoietic progenitors. However, as determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colony assays, TALL-104 cells could completely purge marrows containing up to 50% lysis-susceptible myelomonocytic leukemia cells (U937). When marrows were admixed with a pre-B leukemia cell line (ALL-1), which is fairly resistant to TALL-104 cell lysis in longterm 51Cr-release assays but can be totally growth inhibited by TALL-104 cells in proliferation assays, residual ALL-1 cells were detectable by PCR after TALL-104 purging. However, importantly, these PCR+ marrows were devoid of tumorigenic activity when transplanted into the human hematopoietic microenvironment of human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) chimeras. These data indicate the strong potential of the TALL-104 cell line in future marrow purging strategies against lysis-susceptible and -resistant leukemias.
Theory, analysis and design of high order reflective, absorptive filters (2016)

In this study, design methodology and equations necessary for low‐loss high‐order absorptive filters in the reflective‐type configuration are introduced, derived and described in detail. Initially, a simple single, absorptive filter is described and its use in radio frequency front‐ends is discussed. Based on this, improvements to the single, first‐order absorptive filter are discussed and novel circuits that cater for lower loss higher‐order absorptive filters are proposed. The necessary conditions for the achievement of the proposed higher‐order absorptive filters from the proposed circuits are derived in order to establish the potential of the proposed circuits. As an experimental verification, first‐, second‐ and third‐order reflective‐type absorptive filters are fabricated and their performances measured. In particular, in the case of a third‐order absorptive filter, it is shown that the depth of the introduced attenuation is at least 27.4 dB across the frequency range of 2.17–2.27 GHz. Further, the use of the obtained absorptive filters was put to a test by inserting them in series with a commercially available band‐pass filter.
Basic capacity calculation methods and benchmarking for MF‐TDMA and MF‐CDMA communication satellites (2005)

Abstract This paper introduces basic capacity calculation methods for circuit switched, multiple‐beam, low earth orbit (LEO) communication satellites that use MF‐TDMA and MF‐CDMA schemes. Capacity is defined as the number of simultaneous duplex channels that a satellite can support for a given data rate and bit error rate. This paper integrates the bandwidth limit and the power limit on capacity, and derives the equations by which the capacity of a MF‐TDMA or a MF‐CDMA system can be calculated using key system parameters. Therefore, these methods enable system designers to quickly estimate the communication system capacity when key system parameters are known. The paper uses the Iridium and Globalstar systems for benchmarking by comparing the results obtained from the analytical methods with the 1100 and 2500 simultaneous channels reported by Iridium and Globalstar, respectively. The analytic capacity estimate matches reported single satellite capacities to within 6%, but the predictions are sensitive to various loss assumptions made in the link budget. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A transversely rf-excited CO2 waveguide laser (1978)

An electrodeless CO2 waveguide laser with transverse rf pumping is described. In the rf cw mode, the laser emits up to 0.6 W at 100 Torr. In the rf pulse mode, atmospheric operation has been achieved with pulse duration of 20 μs and peak power of a few watts at a repetition rate of 300 Hz.
Automatic Detection of Outliers in Multibeam Echo Sounding Data (2001)

The data volumes produced by new generation multibeam systems are very large, especially for shallow water systems. Results from recent multibeam surveys indicate that the ratio of the field survey time, to the time used in interactive editing through graphical editing tools, is about 1:1. An important reason for the large amount of processing time is that users subjectively decide which soundings are outliers. There is an apparent need for an automated approach for detecting outliers that would reduce the extensive labor and obtain consistent results from the multibeam data cleaning process, independent of the individual that has processed the data. The proposed automated algorithm for cleaning multibeam soundings was tested using the SAX-99 (Destin FL) multibeam survey data [2]. Eight days of survey data (6.9 Gigabyte) were cleaned in 2.5 hours on an SGI platform. A comparison of the automatically cleaned data with the subjective, interactively cleaned data indicates that the proposed method is, if not better, at least equivalent to interactive editing as used on the SAX-99 multibeam data. Furthermore, the ratio of acquisition to processing time is considerably improved since the time required for cleaning the data was decreased from 192 hours to 2.5 hours (an improvement by a factor of 77).
A systematic review of herbal medicines for the treatment of cancer cachexia in animal models (2019)

This study showed that herbal medicines might be a useful approach for treating cancer cachexia. However, more detailed experimental studies on the molecular mechanisms and active compounds are needed.
Metabolic activation and carcinogen-DNA adduct detection in human larynx. (1994)

Putative carcinogen-DNA adducts in human larynx tissues (n = 25) from smoker and non/ex-smoker patients were examined by 32P-postlabeling and compared with the metabolic activation capacity of larynx microsomes and cytosols from the same tissues. Hydrophobic DNA adducts were evident only in smokers, and chromatographic profiles of the adducts were similar using either the butanol extraction or nuclease P1 enhancement method, which suggested that the adducts may be derived from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons but not aromatic amines. Immunoblots of larynx microsomes using anti-cytochrome P450 1A1/1A2, 2C, 3A4, 2E1, and 2A6 antibodies showed intensities ranging from 1-10% of that typically observed with human liver microsomes. Enzymatic assays of larynx microsomes showed appreciable activity for benzo(a)pyrene hydroxylation (P450 1A1 and 2C) but not for 4-aminobiphenyl N-oxidation (P450 1A2), which indicated that the observed immunoreactivity was for P450 1A1; this represents the highest level of this P450 yet detected in human extrahepatic tissues. Accordingly, total DNA adduct levels in the larynx correlated strongly with levels of P450 2C, 1A1, and 3A4 but not with P450 2E1 or 2A6. Larynx cytosols also showed appreciable aromatic amine N-acetyl-transferase activity for p-aminobenzoic acid (NAT-1) but not for sulfamethazine (NAT-2); however, NAT-1 activity was not correlated with total DNA adducts, which is again consistent with the lack of aromatic amine-DNA adducts detected by 32P-postlabeling. Thus, these results suggest that the DNA adducts detected in human larynx are largely derived from metabolic activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cigarette smoke by P450 2C, 3A4, and/or 1A1.
[Study on extraction of quercetin in guava leaf by microemulsion]. (2009)

Compared with traditional solvent extraction methods, microemulsion method can effectively improve the extraction rate of quercetin in guava leaf.
Clinical significance of coagulase-negative staphylococci (1982)

Although coagulase-negative staphylococci (C-NS) have been implicated in certain human infections, they are generally regarded as contaminants, and their clinical significance is questioned. To assess their role as pathogens, we studied 205 isolates of C-NS from wounds and body fluids (blood, urine, pleural and peritoneal fluids, etc.). Patient's charts were reviewed, and, by using strict criteria, a determination was made regarding the clinical significance of these isolates. The organisms were then identified to determine whether certain species of C-NS were associated with specific infections. S epidermidis sensu stricto accounted for 81% of the C-NS isolated. The frequencies of other species were: S. haemolyticus (6%), S. hominis (5%), S. capitis (4%), S. warneri (3%), and others (1%). Only two isolates were novobiocin resistant; neither was identified as S. saprophyticus. By using our criteria, 22% of the C-NS were considered to be clinically significant, and the majority of these (93%) was S. epidermidis. The most common source of the clinically relevant C-NS isolates was wounds. These data suggest that identification of C-NS species other than S. epidermidis may be of limited value in predicting clinical significance.
Arc Image Furnace System for Electrical Conductivity and Thermal Expansion Measurements (1965)

A ``double-clamshell'' arc image furnace system has been successfully utilized in a practical arrangement for the measurement of thermal expansion and electrical conductivity under a controlled atmosphere. Maximum sample temperature of 2138°K has been achieved by using two 5000 W xenon arc lamps as energy sources. At 1500°K, a temperature gradient of 6°K/cm was measured along the furnace axis by thermocouples shielded with alumina, but without a sample in position. The thermal conductivity of a sample would reduce the gradient to less than 1°K/cm.
Highly π-extended small molecules with bis(alkylthio)methylene side chains for organic field-effect transistors (2018)

This paper reports on indacenodithiophene (IDT) based conjugated small molecules with rarely investigated side chain of bis(alkylthio)methylene as dimethyloctyl (SMOIC) and ethylhexyl structure (SEHIC).
An Application of Wagner’s Law in the Indian Economy: 1970-71 to 2010-11 (2013)

Wagner’s Law is the first model of public spending in the history of public finance. Wagner’s ‘law’ of expanding state activity, is the proposition that there is a long run propensity for government expenditure to grow relative to national income. This paper tests Wagner’s Law for India, using annual time series data covering the period 1970-2010. To estimate the long-run relationship between government expenditures and output. Empirical analysis is performed by using cointegration test, error correction model (ECM) and Granger causality. The results test indicated that economic growth is cointegrated with size of government. So, economic growth is the long- run forcing variable on size of government. Also Granger causality test show that a unidirectional causal flows from economic growth to size of government. On the other hands, Wagner’s law is confirmed in India during the period of this study.
Extremely π-Delocalized Nature of Dianthrylcarbene-Based High Spin Systems as Studied by CW and Pulsed 2D Electron Spin Transient Nutation Spectroscopy (2002)

Electronic and molecular structures of bis(9,9′-dianthrylcarbene) and tris(9,9′-dianthrylcarbene) coupled by 1,4-diethynylbenzene and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene, respectively, have been investigated by cw and pulsed ESR spectroscopy. Their spin multiplicities were identified by two-dimensional electron spin transient nutation (2D-ESTN) method based on the pulsed ESR technique. The fine-structure ESR spectra observed after UV-irradiation of the corresponding diazo precursor were analyzed with the help of a hybrid eigenfield method. The biscarbene is spin-singlet in the ground state and a thermally accessible triplet state with an axial symmetry was detected, showing that the biscarbene undergoes a linear and perpendicular conformation of the two 9,9′-dianthrylcarbene moieties. Such a conformation gives rise to an extremely large amount of π-spin delocalization in ethynylbenzene-based 9,9′-dianthrylcarbene derivatives. The electronic and molecular structures of tris(9,9′-dianthrylcarbene) in the septet ground state are also discussed in this context. The oligocarbenes under study are a novel series of Skell-type high-spin carbenes characterized by extremely π-delocalized nature.
Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of eugenol and carvacrol‐grafted chitosan nanoparticles (2009)

Abstract Essential oils are known to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activity while chitosan is a biocompatible polymer with antibacterial activity against a broad spectrum of bacteria. In this work, nanoparticles with both antioxidant and antibacterial properties were prepared by grafting eugenol and carvacrol (two components of essential oils) on chitosan nanoparticles. Aldehyde groups were first introduced in eugenol and carvacrol, and the grafting of these oils to chitosan nanoparticles was carried out via the Schiff base reaction. The surface concentration of the grafted essential oil components was determined by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The antioxidant activities of the carvacrol‐grafted chitosan nanoparticles (CHCA NPs) and the eugenol‐grafted chitosan nanoparticles (CHEU NPs) were assayed with diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Antibacterial assays were carried out with a representative gram‐negative bacterium, Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) and a gram‐positive bacterium, Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ). The grafted eugenol and carvacrol conferred antioxidant activity to the chitosan nanoparticles, and the essential oil component‐grafted chitosan nanoparticles achieved an antibacterial activity equivalent to or better than that of the unmodified chitosan nanoparticles. Cytotoxicity assays using 3T3 mouse fibroblast showed that the cytotoxicity of CHEU NPs and CHCA NPs were significant lower than those of the pure essential oils. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009; 104: 30–39 © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thiophene-induced dose-dependent vascular damage in the rat cerebellum. (1992)

To investigate the damage of cerebellar granule cells in thiophene poisoning, spontaneously hypertensive rats were subcutaneously given thiophene for variable dose and administered period. Urine test revealed ketonuria, proteinuria, and hemoglobulinuria at the first treatment and then appeared ruffled hair, inactivity, and weight loss in the rats. Thereafter clinical signs were swing of trunk, convulsion, kangaroo-like jumping, etc. by order. At the acute stage, the cerebellar lesions displayed demarcated degeneration characteristic with edema that is composed of infarction, and were localized extensively in the rostral folia and/or focally in the caudal folia. The valley and lateral side in each folium were more severely damaged than the hill. These lesions were replaced by gliosis and/or microcyst on long survival. Dose of 0.15ml/time was optimal for the proposal induced cerebellar lesion under the continued administration for 4-6 days. It is concluded that thiophene causes vascular damage and granule cell degeneration in the rostral cerebellar cortex where is supplied by the superior cerebellar artery.
Screen printing into cavities of a thick insulating layer as a part of a fully printed thermoelectric generator (2011)

Thermoelectric generators (TEG) convert thermal energy into electricity, directly [1]. The sophisticated and therefore expensive ways of producing such TEGs presently prevent the technology to ente ...
Lymphocytic Mitochondrial Aconitase Activity is Reduced in Alzheimer's Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (2015)

Our results suggest that ACO2 activity is reduced in peripheral lymphocytes of subjects with AD and MCI and correlates with antioxidant protection. Further studies are warranted to verify the role of ACO2 in AD pathogenesis and its importance as a marker of AD progression.
Efficient production of solid dispersions by spray drying solutions of high solid content using a 3-fluid nozzle (2017)

To evaluate the feasibility of producing solid dispersions with 3-fluid nozzle spray drying to improve the dissolution behavior of lipophilic drugs, 60 experiments were performed based on a Design of Experiment. Solid dispersions with mannitol as a hydrophilic matrix and diazepam as a model drug with a drug load of 20 wt-% were produced. The variables of the experiments were the water/organic solvent ratio, liquid feed flow, total solid content, atomizing airflow and type of organic solvent (ethanol or ethyl acetate). The responses measured were dissolution rate, yield, actual drug load, particle size and crystallinity of diazepam and mannitol. Increasing water/organic solvent ratio was found to be the main factor for enhancing the dissolution rate. The total solid content of the solutions to be spray dried did not affect any of the responses, which means that processing solutions of high concentrations is possible. The choice of organic solvent did not affect the responses as well, i.e. both the fully water miscible solvent ethanol and the poorly water miscible solvent ethyl acetate could be used which makes this production method highly versatile.