gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An active sound absorber in ducts (1981)

Active sound absorbers are more effective for canceling the low frequency noise in ducts. In this paper, a new active sound absorber is presented, which consists of an unidirectional microphone, a time delay device and an unidirectional loudspeaker. This new absorber can achieve an attenuation of 35-55 dB for tone signal in the frequency range of 100-315 Hz; an attenuation of 14-24 dB for third octave noise; and for wide band noise, an attenuation of 8-20 dB is achieved within one octave band.
Top-K structural diversity search in large networks (2013)

Social contagion depicts a process of information (e.g., fads, opinions, news) diffusion in the online social networks. A recent study reports that in a social contagion process the probability of contagion is tightly controlled by the number of connected components in an individual's neighborhood. Such a number is termed structural diversity of an individual and it is shown to be a key predictor in the social contagion process. Based on this, a fundamental issue in a social network is to find top- k users with the highest structural diversities. In this paper, we, for the first time, study the top- k structural diversity search problem in a large network. Specifically, we develop an effective upper bound of structural diversity for pruning the search space. The upper bound can be incrementally refined in the search process. Based on such upper bound, we propose an efficient framework for top- k structural diversity search. To further speed up the structural diversity evaluation in the search process, several carefully devised heuristic search strategies are proposed. Extensive experimental studies are conducted in 13 real-world large networks, and the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Effect of electric field distribution uniformity on electrospinning (2008)

Recent experiments demonstrated that the essential electrospinning mechanism is a rapidly whipping dielectric liquid jet in an electric field. The effects of three kinds of electric field distributions including a very nonuniform electric field, a slightly nonuniform electric field, and a uniform electric field were studied to analyze the influence of the electric field distribution on the electrospinning process and the fiber morphology. The average electric field strength Eav and the electric field nonuniformity coefficient f were used to describe the electric field. The results show that the length range of the straight jet path for stable electrospinning process was a function of the electric field distribution. The length of the jet straight part increased with the decreasing f. The initial angle of the looping envelope and the helical pitch decreased with decreasing f. The results also show that higher voltages can be used at the nozzle for a stable electrospinning when f is small. A higher voltage at the nozzle can produce a larger average electric field strength which will help produce smaller fiber diameters for the large bending frequency.
Hydrogen diffusion and acceptor passivation in <i>p</i>-type GaAs (1993)

Deuterium diffusion profiles in GaAs doped with different acceptors of group II (Mg,Zn,Cd) or group IV (C,Ge) have similar characteristics even though the neutralization of acceptors measured at 300 K is not always efficient. Conductivity and Hall measurements have been used to study the electrical characteristics of hydrogenated p-type GaAs epilayers. The temperature dependence of the free-carrier concentration and hole mobility before and after hydrogenation shows that the neutralization of acceptors by atomic hydrogen leads to the elimination of the shallow acceptor states. Infrared-absorption lines associated with hydrogen-acceptor complexes are observed for all acceptors except magnesium. It is established that the microscopic structure of hydrogen-acceptor complexes depends on the acceptor site in the lattice.
588. Synthetic polypeptides. Part I (1950)

W. E. Hanby, S. G. Waley and J. Watson, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 3009 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500003009
Computational Aspects of Free Radical Polymerization Kinetics with Chain Length Dependent Termination (1982)

It is well known that the polymerization rate and the molecular weight distribution of vinyl polymers can change markedly during the course of polymerization and that these changes are due to the influence of self diffusion upon the termination reaction. This phenomenon is commonly referred to as the gel effect and in order to explain the polymerization behavior during this period of the reaction, the consideration of chain length dependence of the termination reaction has been previously suggested. Benson and North (1), O'Driscoll (2), Ito (3) and Yasakawa (4) have published the results of their computations based upon different functional forms of the chain length dependence. However, it is difficult if not impossible to generalize these methods. The purpose of this paper is to propose a general theory applicable to vinyl polymerizations in which the monomer and polymer are mutually soluble, and which will allow the prediction of the reaction
Acute Porphyria: Treatment with Heme (1998)

The characterization of porphyrias as disorders of heme biosynthesis leading to hepatic heme deficiency and raised formation and secretion of heme precursors laid the basis for heme treatment. Although mild attacks sometimes respond to glucose administration, severe attacks or symptoms that are likely to progress should be treated with heme. The heme compounds used in treatment are hematin and heme arginate. In our opinion, heme arginate is preferable to hematin in the treatment of acute porphyrias because of its better stability, fewer side effects, and better documentation of its benefits.
Evaluation of The Role of Topical Cetirizine 1% in Treatment of Male Androgenetic Alopecia (2020)

Background: Androgenetic alopecia [AGA] one of the common scalp hair loss disorders affecting males. Androgenetic alopecia is characterized by progressive miniaturization of hair follicles in the scalp and gradual transformation of terminal hairs into vellus hairs leading to progressive decrease in hair density. The pattern of loss follows the scale developed by Hamilton and later extended by Norwood.Aim of Work: Evaluation of the efficacy of topical cetirizine 1% for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in male patients.Patients and methods: This case-controlled study included 30 male patients treated by topical cetirizine1%and 30 male patients as a control group treated by placebo for 6 months recruited from dermatology outpatient clinic of Damietta Hospital and Al-Sarou hospital during the period from September 2018 to August 2019. For each patient, the trichoscopic evaluation was performed before the beginning of treatment and after 6 months of treatment.Results: Treatment with topical cetirizine 1% in male patients with AGA showed that according to number of new up growing hairs, the majority [56.7%] of cases had no new growing hair, 20.0%, 16.7% &6.7% had one, two and three new hair respectively. On the other hands, all control had no new hair after 6 months of treatment.Conclusion: Topical cetirizine is effective in the treatment of Androgenetic alopecia in men.
Assays for recombinant proteins: A problem in non‐linear calibration (1994)

Quantification of protein levels in biological matrices such as serum or plasma frequently relies on the techniques of immunoassay or bioassay. The relevant statistical problem is that of non-linear calibration, where one estimates analyte concentration in an unknown sample from a calibration curve fit to known standard concentrations. This paper discusses a general framework for calibration curve fit to known standard concentrations. This paper discusses a general framework for calibration inference, that of the non-linear mixed effects model. Within this framework, we consider two issues in depth: accurate characterization of intra-assay variation, and the use of empirical Bayes methods in calibration. We show that proper characterization of intra-assay variability requires pooling of information across several assay runs. Simulation work indicates that use of empirical Bayes methods may afford considerable gain in efficiency; one must weigh this gain against practical considerations in the implementation of Bayesian techniques. We illustrate the methods discussed using a cell-based bioassay for the recombinant hormone relaxin.
Scale-up and scale-down of membrane-based separation processes (2000)

Methods for demonstrating the scalability of purification and separation procedures depend on the technology which is being used, and therefore it is necessary to establish the physical parameters which are important to the scaling processes. This article briefly looks at these factors for direct-flow, and tangential-flow filtration technologies.
Improving Ballistic Performance of Polyurethane Foam by Nanoparticle Reinforcement (2009)

We report improving ballistic performance of polyurethane foam by reinforcing it with nanoscale<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>TiO</mml:mtext></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>particles. Particles were dispersed through a sonic cavitation process and the loading of particles was 3 wt% of the total polymer. Once foams were reinforced, sandwich panels were made and impacted with fragment simulating projectiles (FSPs) in a 1.5-inch gas gun. Projectile speed was set up to have complete penetration of the target in each experiment. Test results have indicated that sandwich with nanophased cores absorbed about 20% more kinetic energy than their neat counterpart. The corresponding increase in ballistic limit was around 12% over the neat control samples. The penetration phenomenon was also monitored using a high-speed camera. Analyses of digital images showed that FSP remained inside the nanophased sandwich for about 7 microseconds longer than that of a neat sandwich demonstrating improved energy absorption capability of the nanoparticle reinforced core. Failure modes for energy absorption have been investigated through a microscope and high-speed images.
Modelling Data-Centric Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks (2002)

Sensor networks differ from traditional networks in several ways: sensor networks have severe energy constraints, redundant low-rate data, and many-to-one flows. The end-to-end routing schemes that have been proposed in the literature for mobile ad-hoc networks are not appropriate under these settings. Data-centric technologies are needed that perform in-network aggregation of data to yield energy-efficient dissemination. In this paper we model data-centric routing and compare its performance with traditional end-to-end routing schemes. We examine the impact of source-destination placement and communication network density on the energy costs, delay, and robustness of data aggregation. We show that data-centric routing offers significant performance gains across a wide range of operational scenarios.
Targeting viral reservoirs: ability of antiretroviral therapy to stop viral replication (2010)

HIV viremia persists despite combination antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral drug intensification does not lower the level of HIV measured in plasma, suggesting current therapy arrests active virus replication. HIV eradication will most likely require therapy in addition to potent antiretroviral therapy.
물류서비스 산업의 시계열예측 및 타 산업과의 인과관계 분석 (2013)

본 연구에서는 시계열 모형을 이용하여 물류서비스 산업의 예측과 함께 다른 산업과의 인과성을 분석하였다. 물류서비스 산업의 예측은 ARIMA 모형 (auto-regressive moving average model)을 활용하였으며, 인과관계 분석은 벡터자기회귀모형(VAR : Vector Auto Regressive)의 Granger 인과관계 검정을 이용하였다. 예측분석결과 물류서비스 산업은 계절성을 띄며 점진적으로 상승하는 추세를 보였으며, 인과성 분석결과 과학 및 기술서비스업과 운수업은 모든 시차에서 물류서비스업과 강한 인과관계를 갖고 있었으며, 도매 및 소매업과 부동산 및 임대업은 장기시차에서 물류서비스업에 영향을 주고 있었다. 또한 금융 및 보험업은 단기시차에서 물류서비스업에 영향을 주는 산업이었다.
Towards More Accurate Iris Recognition Using Deeply Learned Spatially Corresponding Features (2017)

This paper proposes an accurate and generalizable deep learning framework for iris recognition. The proposed framework is based on a fully convolutional network (FCN), which generates spatially corresponding iris feature descriptors. A specially designed Extended Triplet Loss (ETL) function is introduced to incorporate the bit-shifting and non-iris masking, which are found necessary for learning discriminative spatial iris features. We also developed a sub-network to provide appropriate information for identifying meaningful iris regions, which serves as essential input for the newly developed ETL. Thorough experiments on four publicly available databases suggest that the proposed framework consistently outperforms several classic and state-of-the-art iris recognition approaches. More importantly, our model exhibits superior generalization capability as, unlike popular methods in the literature, it does not essentially require database-specific parameter tuning, which is another key advantage over other approaches.
Tapping ZettaRAM&#8482; for Low-Power Memory Systems (2005)

ZettaRAM/spl trade/ is a new memory technology under development by ZettaCore/spl trade/ as a potential replacement for conventional DRAM. The key innovation is replacing the conventional capacitor in each DRAM cell with "charge-storage" molecules - a molecular capacitor. We look beyond ZettaRAM's manufacturing benefits, and approach it from an architectural viewpoint to discover benefits within the domain of architectural metrics. The molecular capacitor is unusual because the amount of charge deposited (critical for reliable sensing) is independent of write voltage, i.e., there is a discrete threshold voltage above/below which the device is fully charged/discharged. Decoupling charge from voltage enables manipulation via arbitrarily small bitline swings, saving energy. However, while charge is voltage-independent, speed is voltage-dependent. Operating too close to the threshold causes molecules to overtake peripheral circuitry as the overall performance limiter. Nonetheless, ZettaRAM offers a speed/energy trade-off whereas DRAM is inflexible, introducing new dimensions for architectural management of memory. We apply architectural insights to tap the full extent of ZettaRAM's power savings without compromising performance. Several factors converge nicely to direct focus on L2 writebacks: (i) they account for 80% of row buffer misses in the main memory, thus most of the energy savings potential, and (ii) they do not directly stall the processor and thereby offer scheduling flexibility for tolerating extended molecule latency. Accordingly, slow writes (low energy) are applied to non-critical writebacks and fast writes (high energy) to critical fetches. The hybrid write policy is combined with two options for tolerating delayed writebacks: large buffers with access reordering or L2-cache eager writebacks. Eager writebacks are remarkably synergistic with ZettaRAM: initiating writebacks early in the L2 cache compensates for delaying them at the memory controller. Dual-speed writes coupled with eager writebacks yields energy savings of 34% (out of 41% with uniformly slow writes), with less than 1% performance degradation.
Reinforcement Learning with Dynamic Boltzmann Softmax Updates (2019)

Value function estimation is an important task in reinforcement learning, i.e., prediction. The Boltzmann softmax operator is a natural value estimator and can provide several benefits. However, it does not satisfy the non-expansion property, and its direct use may fail to converge even in value iteration. In this paper, we propose to update the value function with dynamic Boltzmann softmax (DBS) operator, which has good convergence property in the setting of planning and learning. Experimental results on GridWorld show that the DBS operator enables better estimation of the value function, which rectifies the convergence issue of the softmax operator. Finally, we propose the DBS-DQN algorithm by applying dynamic Boltzmann softmax updates in deep Q-network, which outperforms DQN substantially in 40 out of 49 Atari games.
Efficient counting of k-mers in DNA sequences using a bloom filter (2011)

A reference implementation for this methodology, BFCounter, is written in C++ and is GPL licensed. It is available for free download at http://pritch.bsd.uchicago.edu/bfcounter.html.
ChemInform Abstract: Deep Eutectic Solvents: Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2013)

Abstract Review: ca. 200 refs.
Weighted k-means for density-biased clustering (2005)

Abstract. Clustering is a task of grouping data based on similarity. A popular k-means algorithm groups data by firstly assigning all data points to the closest clusters, then determining the cluster means. The algorithm repeats these two steps until it has converged. We propose a variation called weighted k-means to improve the clustering scalability. To speed up the clustering process, we develop the reservoir-biased sampling as an efficient data reduction technique since it performs a single scan over a data set. Our algorithm has been designed to group data of mixture models. We present an experimental evaluation of the proposed method. 1
Analysis of the dominant propagation mechanisms for radio coverage and interference prediction in urban scenarios at 2.4, 5.8 &amp; 28.0 GHz (2006)

Radio coverage and interference in communications systems is provided by various propagation mechanisms depending on the frequency of the radiowaves and the propagation environment. Key propagation mechanisms are line-of-sight (LOS), diffraction, transmission (or penetration), incoherent scattering, and specular reflections. In urban environments with many tall buildings and antenna locations below rooftop height, the latter mechanisms become increasingly significant. Understanding which propagation mechanisms dominate for coverage and interference calculations is important for cell planning issues. In this paper we present simulations results determined under the EU Framework VI Broadwan programme. A novel surface model unifying scatter and Fresnel models has been implemented and used to evaluate the relative importance of the different propagation mechanisms at three frequencies of interest through simulation using an accurate database of a typical UK urban landscape. The results obtained show that a significant coverage fraction may be provided by reflected paths at low frequencies. At higher frequencies incoherent scattering becomes an increasingly important mechanism and may significantly affect interference predictions.
Effective emotional expressions with emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (2005)

The authors have been developing humanoid robots in order to develop new mechanisms and functions for a humanoid robot that has the ability to communicate naturally with a human by expressing human-like emotion. We considered that human hands play an important role in communication because human hands have grasping, sensing and emotional expression abilities. Then, we developed the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4RII (Waseda Eye No.4 Refined II) by integrating the new humanoid robot hands RCH-1 (RoboCasa Hand No.1) into the emotion expression humanoid robot WE-4R. Furthermore, we confirmed that RCH-1 and WE-4RII had effective emotional expression ability because the correct recognition rate of WE-4RII's emotional expressions was higher than the WE-4R's one. In this paper, we describe the mechanical features of WE-4RII.
The Security Flag in the IPv4 Header (2003)

Firewalls, packet filters, intrusion detection systems, and the like often have difficulty distinguishing between packets that have malicious intent and those that are merely unusual. We define a security flag in the IPv4 header as a means of distinguishing the two cases.
Nonhuman primate neuroimaging and cocaine medication development. (2008)

Given the important role of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in the addictive properties of cocaine, the development and use of compounds that target the DAT represents a reasonable approach for the pharmacological treatment of cocaine abuse. The present report describes a series of studies conducted in nonhuman primates that evaluated the effectiveness of DAT inhibitors in reducing cocaine self-administration. In addition, drug substitution studies evaluated the abuse liability of the DAT inhibitors. Positron emission tomography neuroimaging studies quantified DAT occupancy at behaviorally relevant doses, characterized the time-course of drug uptake in brain, and documented drug-induced changes in cerebral blood flow as a model of brain activation. Selective DAT inhibitors were effective in reducing cocaine use but high (>70%) levels of DAT occupancy were associated with significant reductions in cocaine self-administration. The selective DAT inhibitors were reliably self-administered but rates of responding were lower than those maintained by cocaine even at higher levels of DAT occupancy. A profile of slow rate of drug uptake in brain accompanied by a gradual increase in extracellular dopamine may account for the more limited reinforcing effectiveness of the DAT inhibitors. Selective serotonin transporter (SERT) inhibitors were also effective in reducing cocaine use and blocked cocaine-induced brain activation and increases in extracellular dopamine. Coadministration of SERT inhibitors with a selective DAT inhibitor was more effective than the DAT inhibitor administered alone, even at comparable levels of DAT occupancy. The results indicate that combined inhibition of DAT and SERT may be a viable approach to treat cocaine addiction.
Differential Splicing of Pre‐Messenger RNA Produces Multiple Forms of Mature Caprine α<sub>s1</sub>‐Casein (1997)

The identity of multiple forms of caprine alpha(s1)-casein in variants A, B, and C has been determined by structural characterisation using mass spectrometry, automated Edman degradation and peptide mapping. Mature goat alpha(s1)-casein exists as a mixture of at least four molecular species which differ in peptide chain length. The main component corresponds to the 199-residues form already described. The other three, in lesser amounts, were shorter forms of alpha(s1)-casein and differed for the deleted peptides 141-148, as shown previously for ovine alpha(s1)-casein, peptide 110-117, or Gln78. Analysis of alpha(s1)-casein mRNA from milk somatic cells demonstrated that these forms originated from skipping events at the level of exon 13 (codifying for peptide 110-117) and 16 (codifying for peptide 141-148) and from the presence of a cryptic splice site within exon 11 (whose first CAG triplet encodes Gln78) during primary transcript processing. The finding of these splicing abnormalities in the three common variants A, B, and C suggests that this is a general feature of alpha(s1)-casein in goat. A further source of heterogeneity of caprine alpha(s1)-casein was identified in the discrete phosphorylation of seryl residues. Eight serine residues (at positions 44, 46, 64 to 68 and 75) are fully phosphorylated (except in variant A because of the replacement Glu77-->Gln which prevents phosphorylation of Ser75). Conversely, Ser115 and Ser41 are phosphorylated only to about 50% and 20%, respectively. Ser12, although located in a consensus triplet, is never phosphorylated, similarly to the ovine alpha(s1)-casein variants. These results confirm that there are stabilised mechanisms of simultaneous synthesis of alpha(s1)-casein at different length and of post-translational modification in both caprine and ovine species.