gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse broadening due to higher order dispersion and its transmission limit (2002)

If we are to significantly increase the transmission speed of optical networks, the impact of higher order dispersion must be clarified. This paper gives general expressions that describe pulse broadening due to even and odd higher order dispersion in a single-mode fiber. The intrinsic impulsive responses for even order dispersion (beyond the second order) are characterized by symmetrical waveforms with long trailing skirts, whereas the responses for odd orders show asymmetrical strongly oscillating waveforms. The transmission limits are also analytically obtained for each higher nth order that induces intersymbol interference. Transmission lengths are limited by the factor of 1/B/sub 0//sup n/ where B/sub 0/ is the bit rate and n is the dispersion order.
Keeping Hydrants in Fire‐Fighting Condition (1982)

Tips for keeping hydrants in good working order to prevent loss of property or life are discussed. Dry‐barrel hydrants, wet‐barrel hydrants, drains and stocking of repair parts are covered.
Elimination of hot electron gate current by the lightly doped drain-source structure (1981)

In the LDD structure, narrow self-aligned n-regions are added between the channel and the source/drain of a conventional FET. The resulting device suffers less from high electric field effects than a conventional FET. In particular, it is shown through computer simulations and experimental data that the degradation of device characteristics, due to hot electron injection into the gate insulator, is rendered insignificant by the LDD structure. Consequently a higher operating voltage and/or shorter channel length may be utilized to improve the performance of circuits design with LDD FET's.
Inspired carbon dioxide during hypoxia: effects on task performance and cerebral oxygen saturation. (2007)

We demonstrate the ability of added inspired CO2 to improve performance during hypoxia by preventing PH-associated hypocapnia-induced vasoconstriction of brain blood vessels. Our results are relevant to aerospace medicine and other circumstances in which complex tasks are performed in a hypoxic environment such as mountain climbing and working in confined spaces.
High-performance computing for systems of spiking neurons (2006)

We propose a bottom-up computer engineering approach to the Grand Challenge of understanding the Architecture of Brain and Mind as a viable complement to top-down modelling and alternative approaches informed by the skills and philosophies of other disciplines. Our approach starts from the observation that brains are built from spiking neurons and then progresses by looking for a systematic way to deploy spiking neurons as components from which useful information processing functions can be constructed, at all stages being informed (but not constrained) by the neural structures and microarchitectures observed by neuroscientists as playing a role in biological systems. In order to explore the behaviours of large-scale complex systems of spiking neuron components we require high-performance computing equipment, and we propose the construction of a machine specifically for this task – a massively parallel computer designed to be a universal spiking neural network simulation engine.
Good abandonment in mobile and PC internet search (2009)

Query abandonment by search engine users is generally considered to be a negative signal. In this paper, we explore the concept of good abandonment. We define a good abandonment as an abandoned query for which the user's information need was successfully addressed by the search results page, with no need to click on a result or refine the query. We present an analysis of abandoned internet search queries across two modalities (PC and mobile) in three locales. The goal is to approximate the prevalence of good abandonment, and to identify types of information needs that may lead to good abandonment, across different locales and modalities. Our study has three key findings: First, queries potentially indicating good abandonment make up a significant portion of all abandoned queries. Second, the good abandonment rate from mobile search is significantly higher than that from PC search, across all locales tested. Third, classified by type of information need, the major classes of good abandonment vary dramatically by both locale and modality. Our findings imply that it is a mistake to uniformly consider query abandonment as a negative signal. Further, there is a potential opportunity for search engines to drive additional good abandonment, especially for mobile search users, by improving search features and result snippets.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium of monoethanolamine/piperazine/water at 35-70°C (2006)

The equilibrium partial pressures of monoethanolamine (MEA), piperazine (PZ), and water were measured in a stirred reactor with a recirculating vapor phase by FTIR analysis at 35 - 70 Celsius degrees. MEA and PZ volatility were measured in two separate pilot plant campaigns to capture CO₂ from flue gas under a range of absorber conditions. The laboratory data were regressed to determine NRTL binary interaction parameters that predicted the experimental points within 10 - 20%. It was proven that MEA volatility (0.45<MEA<0.55) is a viable concern in CO₂ capture processes from an economic, environmental, and overall health perspective. PZ, on the other hand, was not observed to be as volatile (0.06<PZ<0.08) as predicted by previous models and therefore volatility loss would not be a significant drawback for using it as a CO₂ capture solvent. Pilot plant results show an average MEA gas phase concentration at the absorber outlet to be approximately 45 ppm while the PZ concentrations averaged 6 ppm and 8 ppm at the absorber inlet and outlet, respectively.
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial (2009)

The current study is the first randomized-controlled trial evaluating the feasibility and initial efficacy of an 8-week outpatient Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) program as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were 168 adults with substance use disorders who had recently completed intensive inpatient or outpatient treatment. Assessments were administered pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2 and 4 months post-intervention. Feasibility of MBRP was demonstrated by consistent homework compliance, attendance, and participant satisfaction. Initial efficacy was supported by significantly lower rates of substance use in those who received MBRP as compared to those in TAU over the 4-month post-intervention period. Additionally, MBRP participants demonstrated greater decreases in craving, and increases in acceptance and acting with awareness as compared to TAU. Results from this initial trial support the feasibility and initial efficacy of MBRP as an aftercare approach for individuals who have recently completed an intensive treatment for substance use disorders.
Plasma purpose (1992)

I am not the "proposer" of the case being put to SERC for an initiative on plasma-related science, as reported in your news story "Plasmas prepare to go beyond fusion" in the September issue (p9). I am simply the coordinator/consultant acting on behalf of SERC's Physics Committee in preparation and writing of that case.
Lithium-induced increases in red blood cell choline and memory performance in Alzheimer-type dementia. (1984)

To investigate the relationship between RBC choline and memory in Alzheimer-type senile dementia (SDAT), lithium carbonate was administered to 14 SDAT patients in doses of 400-600 mg/day for 5 weeks. A battery of memory tests was administered at baseline and at weekly intervals. Five patients with serum concentrations below 0.6 meq/liter developed neurotoxicity and were dropped from further analysis. For the remaining patients, Li+ with mean serum concentrations up to 0.6 meq/liter did not alter memory scores significantly. The dramatic increases in RBC choline during the study, however, suggest that RBC choline is not correlated with memory functioning in SDAT.
An antinociceptive role for substance P in acid-induced chronic muscle pain (2011)

Release of substance P (SP) from nociceptive nerve fibers and activation of its receptor neurokinin 1 (NK1) are important effectors in the transmission of pain signals. Nonetheless, the role of SP in muscle pain remains unknown. Here we show that a single i.m. acid injection in mice lacking SP signaling by deletion of the tachykinin precursor 1 (Tac1) gene or coadministration of NK1 receptor antagonists produces long-lasting hyperalgesia rather than the transient hyperalgesia seen in control animals. The inhibitory effect of SP was found exclusively in neurons expressing acid-sensing ion channel 3, where SP enhances M-channel-like potassium currents through the NK1 receptor in a G protein-independent but tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. Furthermore, the SP signaling could alter action potential thresholds and modulate the expression of TTX-resistant sodium currents in medium-sized muscle nociceptors. Thus, i.m. SP mediates an unconventional NK1 receptor signal pathway to inhibit acid activation in muscle nociceptors, resulting in an unexpected antinociceptive effect against chronic mechanical hyperalgesia, here induced by repeated i.m. acid injection.
Identification of Adult Mouse Neurovirulence Determinants of the Sindbis Virus Strain AR86 (2005)

Sindbis virus infection of mice has provided valuable insight into viral and host factors that contribute to virus-induced neurologic disease. In an effort to further define the viral genetic elements that contribute to adult mouse neurovirulence, the neurovirulent Sindbis virus strain AR86 was compared to the closely related (22 single amino acid coding changes and the presence or absence of an 18-amino-acid sequence in nsP3 [positions 386 to 403]) but avirulent Girdwood strain. Initial studies using chimeric viruses demonstrated that genetic elements within the nonstructural and structural coding regions contributed to AR86 neurovirulence. Detailed mapping studies identified three major determinants in the nonstructural region, at nsP1 538 (Ile to Thr; avirulent to virulent), an 18-amino-acid deletion in nsP3 (positions 386 to 403), and nsP3 537 (opal to Cys; avirulent to virulent), as well as a single determinant in the structural genes at E2 243 (Leu to Ser; avirulent to virulent), which were essential for AR86 adult mouse neurovirulence. Replacing these codons in AR86 with those found in Girdwood resulted in the attenuation of AR86, while the four corresponding AR86 changes in the Girdwood genetic background increased virulence to the level of wild-type AR86. The attenuating mutations did not adversely affect viral replication in vitro, and the attenuated viruses established infection in the brain and spinal cord as efficiently as the virulent viruses. However, the virus containing the four virulence determinants grew to higher levels in the spinal cord at late times postinfection, suggesting that the virus containing the four attenuating determinants either failed to spread or was cleared more efficiently than the wild-type virus.
Acoustic properties of particle/polymer composites for transducer backing applications (2003)

The acoustic impedance and attenuation in particle-polymer composites for transducer-backing applications is examined. The acoustic impedance of composites was modeled and an experimental matrix identifying variables that contribute to composite attenuation was established. The variables are the type, particle size, and volume fraction of filler, the physical characteristics of the polymer matrix, and the processing route. The results from the acoustical properties and microstructural analysis of the composites indicate that the various types of filler, the polymer matrix, and the interface between the two contribute to attenuation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Antigen-induced changes in phospholipid metabolism in antigen-binding B lymphocytes. (1987)

Previous studies have demonstrated a marked change in the metabolism of phospholipids (PL) after activation of resting B lymphocytes with anti-immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). In this study we examined PL metabolism in highly purified trinitrophenyl (TNP)-binding B cells after their activation with various forms of TNP-carrier protein. Such cells show similar changes in PL metabolism when stimulated with either antigen or anti-Ig, i.e., increased incorporation of 32PO4 into phosphatidic acid and phosphatidyl inositol (PI) but not phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, or phosphatidyl serine. We have demonstrated that these responses to antigen are TNP-specific and dose-related between 1 and 50 micrograms/ml, producing up to a 2.5-fold stimulation of 32PO4 incorporation into PI. The PL response is also directly related to the density of TNP on the carrier and can be augmented by additional cross-linking of the carrier protein. These data suggest that cross-linking of surface Ig by antigen induces a change in PL metabolism as an early event in B cell activation.
Load-store optimization for software pipelining (2000)

Software pipelining can generate efficient schedules for loop by overlapping the execution of operations from different iterations in order to exploit maximum Instruction Level Parallelism (ILP). Code optimization can decrease total number of calculations and memory related operations. As a result, instruction schedules can use freed resources to construct shorter schedules. Particularly, when the data is not presented in cache, the performance will be significantly degraded by memory references. Therefore, elimination of redundant load-store operations is most important for improving overall performance. This paper introduces a method for integrating software pipelining and load-store elimination techniques. Moreover, we demonstrate that integrated algorithm is more effective than other methods.
Robots explore underground pipes (1998)

Abstract Major problems facing, particularly, the water and gas industries relate to the thousands of miles of underground transmission pipes, some of which are more than 100 years old and in need of replacement or ‐ as the gas industry is now doing ‐ relining with polyethylene. In any case, there is the problem of inspection and repair, and the industries are now turning to the aid of robotics, which is already being used in a more conventional way at the Lingley Mere laboratories of North West Water.
CO₂센서에 의한 대학 열람실 이산화탄소 농도 제어효과 분석 (2017)

Indoor Air Quality is very important factor for human's health and concentration. Especially, Carbon dioxide concentration affects the comfort of occupants, so it is necessary to control the CO₂concentration. In this study, the effect of CO₂concentration control by CO₂sensor at library were reported to find its CO₂control by sensor change at various operation schedules. The maximum CO₂concentration of the labtop reading room and general reading room when sensor was off were measured as 1,751ppm, 2,031ppm. The maximum concentration when sensor was on were measured as 932ppm, 872ppm. Despite the presence of sensors, values was close to the guideline concentration of 1,000ppm for public places. Therefore, future studies will need to study the error rate of CO₂sensors.
The effects of hyperoxia on microvascular endothelial cell proliferation and production of vaso-active substances (2017)

Exposure of isolated human microvascular endothelial cells to marked hyperoxia for more than 24 h decreases cell viability and proliferation. Our results do not support a role of eNOS mRNA and protein or ET-1 mRNA in the potential vasoconstrictive effects of hyperoxia on isolated hMVEC.
Local superficial hyperthermia in combination with low-dose radiation therapy for palliation of locally recurrent breast carcinoma. (1989)

From September 1984 through March 1987, 30 patients with locally recurrent breast carcinoma who had been heavily pretreated with conventional modes of therapy (radiation, chemotherapy, and hormonal therapy) were entered into a phase II study of hyperthermia and low-dose irradiation. The purpose of the study was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and morbidity of this treatment combination. Radiation therapy was administered twice weekly, 4 Gy per fraction, to a total dose of 32 Gy, with 6 or 9 MeV electrons depending on the thickness of the lesions. Hyperthermia generated by microwave frequencies of 200 to 700 MHz was administered immediately after radiation therapy, with a time and temperature aim of 60 minutes at 43 degrees C. Complete response (CR) was achieved in 17 patients (57%), and partial response (PR) in 11 patients (36%). Response was positively correlated with tumor size; lesions less than 5 cm in diameter achieved CR significantly more frequently than lesions greater than or equal to 5 cm (P less than .001). Eighty percent of the complete responders continued to experience sustained control of the treated site from 6 to 32 months but showed evidence of progressive systemic disease or locoregional progression to the adjacent untreated sites, reflecting the natural history of this disease and extensive dermal lymphatic permeation. True recurrence within the treated volume occurred in three patients. Nonhealing ulceration developed in nine patients and seven of those were associated with persistent tumor. This study confirms the palliative value of hyperthermia in combination with radiotherapy for previously irradiated recurrent chest wall tumors and sets the scene for its comparative clinical evaluation against radiation therapy alone as first line therapy for locally recurrent breast carcinoma.
Hydrothermal Synthesis (250°C) of Copper-Substituted Kaolinites (1995)

Abstract To obtain Cu-kaolinites with a controlled range of chemical compositions, syntheses were performed by hydrothermally ageing gels with kaolinite stoichiometric compositions. Gels were prepared with sodium metasilicate and nitrates of octahedral cations. Temperature of synthesis was 250°C with a corresponding equilibrium water pressure of 38 bars. Three samples with copper contents ranging from 0.1 to 7% and another one with the chemical composition of the Cu end-member were synthesized. While this fourth sample led to tenorite after the hydrothermal treatment, the three others crystallized well into kaolinite. Up to almost 1% CuO was measured by TEM in some isolated ‘clean’ and hexagonal kaolinite particles. EPR and XPS spectroscopies were consistent with an octahedral position of Cu 2+ . In IR spectra, v Al-OH-Cu absorption bands were not observed, but v Al 2 OH bands appeared more and more blurred when Cu content of samples increased. Weak bands situated at 868 cm −1 and 840 cm −1 are tentatively attributed to δ AlCuOH. By differential thermal analysis, a downward shift of 20°C in temperature of the endothermic peak from the less Cu-rich sample to the most Cu-rich one, argued for the existence of some Al-OH-Cu bonds, whose binding energies are presumed to be less than the Al-OH-Al ones. In view of these results, Cu 2+ appears incorporated in the octahedral sheet of kaolinite. Moreover, this incorporation is made without major perturbation of the kaolinite structure.
Structure-Activity Study of Oligodeoxynucleotides Which Inhibit Thrombin (1995)

Abstract The 15-mer oligodeoxynucleotide GGTTGGTGTGGTTGG is a potent inhibitor of thrombin and it forms a stable, highly compact structure in solution. Deletions and substitutions by abasic residues, 2′-deoxyinosine, 7-deaza-2′-deoxyguanosine and 8-methyl-2′-deoxyguanosine show that the structural features of the oligodeoxynucleotide are important for its biological activity.
Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins in Glomerular Disease (1999)

The growth response of resident glomerular cells is determined by the underlying disease. Thus glomerular cells can proliferate, fail to proliferate, hypertrophy or apoptose. Cell growth is controlled by cell cycle regulatory proteins, and cell proliferation requires that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) be activated by partner cyclins. Inhibiting CDK2 reduces mesangial cell proliferation. Mesangial cell proliferation also requires that levels of specific cyclin kinase inhibitors (CKI) decrease. In contrast, the visceral glomerular epithelial cells' inability to proliferate may be due to increased levels of CKI. Moreover it is becoming increasingly clear that mesangial cell hypertrophy in diabetes requires increased CKI expression. Finally, apoptosis, which is often linked to proliferation, may also be due to the increased activity of CDK2. Thus, identifying specific cell cycle regulatory proteins following injury may provide future targets for therapy in glomerular disease.
Pancreatic stone protein: quantification in pancreatic juice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and comparison with other methods. (1989)

To quantitate pancreatic stone protein (PSP), a competitive radioimmunoassay using monoclonal antibodies to PSP extracted from pancreatic stones and a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using monospecific polyclonal antibodies to the secretory forms of PSP (PSP S) were established. When PSP concentrations were measured in pancreatic juice by radioimmunoassay, no difference could be found between patients suffering from chronic calcifying pancreatitis and other diagnostic groups. Yet, with the ELISA technique involving polyclonal antibodies, decreased concentrations were found in chronic calcifying pancreatitis patients when compared to controls (p less than 0.001), chronic alcoholics without pancreatic symptoms, or obstructive pancreatitis patients. These discrepancies are discussed. The monoclonal antibodies recognizing the C-terminal part of PSS S (PSP S1), results from the radioimmunoassay indicate that the concentration of that polypeptide is identical in the juice of controls and patients. Results from the ELISA obtained with polyclonal antibodies raised against PSP S2-5 molecules, i.e., recognizing the PSP S1 part and the N-terminal portion of the molecule, indicate that the differences observed reflect differences in the juice concentration of that N-terminal peptide.
Detection of Salmonella blegdam in Changping District,Beijing (2008)

Etiological detection and analysis was conducted on the samples collected from the patients and food makers during a suspected food poisoning events according to the national standard of food microbiological detection,and 1 strain of suspected pathogen was isolated from the anal swab of 1 patient and identified as Salmonella blegdam by systematic biochemical reaction and serum test(serotype:O9,12:H:g,m,q).This is the first time to detect S.blegdam from the patient of food borne disease in Changping,Beijing.
The effects of write/erase cycling on data loss in EEPROMs (1985)

Increasing leakage at low electric fields is observed in thin silicon dioxide films after they have been subjected to write/erase cycling. This mechanism anneals out after high temperature baking. Conventional lifetesting techniques for EEPROMs may result in overly optimistic estimations of data retention.
Principles of Binocular 3D Displays with Applications to Television (1971)

Binocular three-dimensional (3D) techniques and their application to television are discussed. Of the several possible implementations described, some require special viewing glasses; others do not. Quantitative physiological and geometric criteria of 3D TV system design are summarized from the viewpoint of minimizing viewer eye strain and maximizing display realism. Included are specifications for allowable display depth range, depth resolution and the interaction between camera and display parameters. A generalized analysis of 3D displays not requiring special glasses shows that their applicability is very limited, leading to the final conclusion that 3D TV for general home application must be based on special viewing glasses.