gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of using lignin isolated from forages by solubilization in acetyl bromide as a standard for lignin analyses. (2000)

Lignin concentration can be measured in plants by the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin spectrophotometric method; however, as with any spectrophotometric method, a reliable standard is needed. In the present experiments, lignin was extracted from each of the forages under study with the acetyl bromide reagent. The lignin isolated with acetyl bromide (LIAB) was then used as the reference standard in the acetyl bromide-soluble lignin (ABSL) analysis, which was compared with the acid detergent lignin (ADL) and potassium permanganate lignin (PerL) lignin analyses. Two maturity stages of each of the following forages were analyzed: Medicago sativa, Cynodon dactylon var. Coastal, Panicum maximum var. Centenário and var. Colonião, Cynodon plectostachyus, Pennisetum purpureum, Setaria nandi, and Avena sativa. In addition, one wood sample, Eucalyptus sp., was analyzed. In general, ABSL values were highest (P < 0.001), followed by PerL and ADL, which also differed from each other (P < 0.001). Correlations with in vitro dry matter digestibility of samples were highest with the ABSL method. Absorption spectra of LIAB, either from plants of different maturity stages or from different vegetable species, suggested the presence of differences among some of the lignins.
Constellation shaping for the Gaussian channel (2002)

Constellation shaping is method of improving the effectiveness of digital communications over noisy, bandlimited channels. We present a new view to the problem of constellation shaping. Both a new procedure and information theoretic analysis are discussed. The article presents an approach to understanding constellation shaping that avoids the "continuous approximation" analysis of performance. A unique "type-mapping" approach to shaping is derived and related to monomial orderings on a ring of polynomials. The basic methods of constellation shaping can be roughly characterized as forms of coset coding (i.e., codes for which messages are associated with cosets of a subgroup such as a linear subspace) and enumerative coding (i.e., codes for which messages are enumerations of vectors).
Protective antiallergic effects of a new coumarin compound (BM 15.100) in experimental asthma. (1979)

The antiallergic properties of a new coumarin compound (BM 15.100) were tested in two separate trials, using bronchial provocation tests in asymptomatic volunteers with extrinsic allergic bronchial asthma. Study I was a blind study in 10 subjects with placebo controls and three additional non-medicated controls. Study II was an open study with non-medicated controls. Body plethysmography (study I) and spirometry (study II) were used for the assessment of bronchial obstruction. A significant protective effect of a single oral 20 mg dose of BM 15.100 administered 60 min prior to allergen inhalation was found in both trials. The effect of 10 mg BM 15.000 was not significant. Skin test, pulse rate, and diastolic blood pressure were not influenced. The results indicate a possible therapeutical value of BM 15.100.
New Chemical Package Produces an Improved Shale Inhibitive Water-Based Drilling Fluid System (1987)

ABSTRACT Quantitative shale stability performance data based on a new testing procedure (Dynamic Pellet Test or DPT) were used to quantitatively rank the shale stability performance of over 30 chemical species. Shale stability performance of over 3500 aqueous solutions or muds on over 20 different shale or clay samples was done. The test results allowed the following four conclusions about shale stability induced by inorganic and polymeric chemicals to be drawn: –inorganics alone are inadequate,–potassium ion is significantly better than any other cation in shale stability performance,–hydrogen bonding polymers are most effective and,–high molecular weight polymers (up to the limit of solubility) are most effective. From the results of this work, a particularly effective shale stabilizing additive package for aqueous muds was identified. The exceptional shale stabilizing performance of these chemical structures is based on a chemical synergism uncovered through DPT testing. Typical drilling fluid formulations and their laboratory properties will be discussed, including tests conducted on a heated/pressurized flow loop.
Tranilast inhibits protein kinase C‐dependent signalling pathway linked to angiogenic activities and gene expression of retinal microcapillary endothelial cells (1999)

1. Tranilast, first developed as an anti-allergic drug, has been reported to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis and vasopermeability. To further clarify the inhibitory mechanism, we investigated the effects of tranilast on VEGF binding and subsequent intracellular signalling pathway linked to angiogenic activities and gene expression of bovine retinal microcapillary endothelial cells. 2. Tranilast significantly (P<0.01) inhibited VEGF, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and hypoxia conditioned media-induced BREC proliferation in a dose dependent manner with IC50's of 22, 82 and 10 microM, respectively. 3. VEGF-induced migration was also inhibited by tranilast in a dose dependent manner, with IC50 of 18 microM, and complete inhibition was observed at 300 microM (P<0.01). Tranilast suppressed VEGF-induced tube formation in a dose dependent manner with maximum (46%) inhibition observed at 300 microM (P<0.05). 4. Tranilast inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-dependent stimulation of [3H]-thymidine incorporation and VEGF- and PMA-induced gene expression of integrin alpha v and c-fos in BREC. 5. Tranilast suppressed VEGF- and PMA-stimulated PKC activity in BREC. 6. Tranilast did not affect VEGF binding or VEGF-induced phosphorylation of tyrosine residues of VEGF receptor- and phospholipase Cgamma and their associated proteins. 7. These data suggest that tranilast might prove an effective inhibitor to prevent retinal neovascularization in ischaemic retinal diseases, and that its inhibitory effect might be through suppression of PKC-dependent signal transduction in BREC.
Gene Expression Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with Translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) and <i>MYST3-CREBBP</i> Rearrangement Reveals a Distinctive Signature with a Specific Pattern of <i>HOX</i> Gene Expression (2006)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with translocation t(8;16)(p11;p13) is an infrequent leukemia subtype with characteristic clinicobiological features. This translocation leads to fusion of MYST3 (MOZ) and CREBBP (CBP) genes, probably resulting in a disturbed transcriptional program of a myelomonocytic precursor. Nonetheless, its gene expression profile is unknown. We have analyzed the gene expression profile of 23 AML patients, including three with molecularly confirmed MYST3-CREBBP fusion gene, using oligonucleotide U133A arrays (Affymetrix). MYST3-CREBBP cases clustered together and clearly differentiated from samples with PML-RARalpha, RUNX1-RUNX1T1, and CBFbeta-MYH11 rearrangements. The relative expression of 46 genes, selected according to their differential expression in the high-density array study, was analyzed by low-density arrays in an additional series of 40 patients, which included 7 MYST3-CREBBP AML cases. Thus, genes such as prolactin (PRL) and proto-oncogene RET were confirmed to be specifically overexpressed in MYST3-CREBBP samples whereas genes such as CCND2, STAT5A, and STAT5B were differentially underexpressed in this AML category. Interestingly, MYST3-CREBBP AML exhibited a characteristic pattern of HOX expression, with up-regulation of HOXA9, HOXA10, and cofactor MEIS1 and marked down-regulation of other homeobox genes. This profile, with overexpression of FLT3, HOXA9, MEIS1, AKR7A2, CHD3, and APBA2, partially resembles that of AML with MLL rearrangement. In summary, this study shows the distinctive gene expression profile of MYST3-CREBBP AML, with overexpression of RET and PRL and a specific pattern of HOX gene expression.
INFORMATION AND RECORDS MANAGEMENT: (1989)

In October we discussed the reasoning and procedures for achieving a rational and standardised system of records management (Facilities, Vol 6/No 10, October 1988). In this issue we provide a guide to the various market options for storing material currently available.
A New Inorganic Photolabile Protecting Group for Highly Efficient Visible Light GABA Uncaging (2007)

Inhibiting with visible light. An inorganic-based caged compound of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, γ-amino butyric acid (GABA), was prepared and photolysed by light at 450 nm with the highest uncaging quantum yield reported to date. GABA ion channels were activated by irradiation in a biological preparation by using this caged compound. (Image courtesy of the CNS Forum http://www.cnsforum.com) Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z700354_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Genes on chromosomes 4, 9, and 19 involved in 11q23 abnormalities in acute leukemia share sequence homology and/or common motifs. (1993)

Chromosome translocations involving band 11q23 are associated with human acute leukemias. These translocations fuse the ALL-1 gene, homolog of Drosophila trithorax and located at chromosome band 11q23, to genes from a variety of chromosomes. We cloned and sequenced cDNAs derived from transcripts of the AF-4 and AF-9 genes involved in the most common chromosome abnormalities, t(4:11)(q21:q23) and t(9:11)(p22:q23), respectively. Sequence analysis indicates high homology between the AF-9 gene protein product and the protein encoded by the ENL gene fused to ALL-1 in (11:19) chromosome translocations. AF-4, AF-9, and ENL proteins contain nuclear targeting sequences as well as serine-rich and proline-rich regions. Stretches abundant in basic amino acids are also present in the three proteins. These results suggest that the different proteins fused to ALL-1 polypeptide(s) provide similar functional domains.
On algorithms for efficient data migration (2001)

The data migration problem is the problem of computing an efficient plan for moving data stored on devices in a network from one configuration to another. Load balancing or changing usage patterns could necessitate such a rearrangement of data. In this paper, we consider the case where the objects are fixed-size and the network is complete. The direct migration problem is closely related to edge-coloring. However, because there are space constraints on the devices, the problem is more complex. Our main results are polynomial time algorithms for finding a near-optimal migration plan in the presence of space constraints when a certain number of additional nodes is available as temporary storage, and a 3/2-approximation for the case where data must be migrated directly to its destination.
Selective and hyperactive uptake of foreign DNA by adaptive immune systems of an archaeon via two distinct mechanisms (2012)

Central to the disparate adaptive immune systems of archaea and bacteria are clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR). The spacer regions derive from invading genetic elements and, via RNA intermediates and associated proteins, target and cleave nucleic acids of the invader. Here we demonstrate the hyperactive uptake of hundreds of unique spacers within CRISPR loci associated with type I and IIIB immune systems of a hyperthermophilic archaeon. Infection with an environmental virus mixture resulted in the exclusive uptake of protospacers from a co-infecting putative conjugative plasmid. Spacer uptake occurred by two distinct mechanisms in only one of two CRISPR loci subfamilies present. In two loci, insertions, often multiple, occurred adjacent to the leader while in a third locus single spacers were incorporated throughout the array. Protospacer DNAs were excised from the invading genetic element immediately after CCN motifs, on either strand, with the secondary cut apparently produced by a ruler mechanism. Over a 10-week period, there was a gradual decrease in the number of wild-type cells present in the culture but the virus and putative conjugative plasmid were still propagating. The results underline the complex dynamics of CRISPR-based immune systems within a population infected with genetic elements.
Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Ticks Collected from Humans, South Korea, 2013 (2014)

We investigated the infection rate for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) among ticks collected from humans during May-October 2013 in South Korea. Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks have been considered the SFTSV vector. However, we detected the virus in H. longicornis, Amblyomma testudinarium, and Ixodes nipponensis ticks, indicating additional potential SFTSV vectors.
New MCM composed of D/L base substrate, high-density-wiring CSP and 3D memory modules (2002)

A RISC (reduced instruction set computer) module, which contains secondary cache memories and is called an MCM for use in a high-performance workstation has been developed. The design consists of a D/L (deposited organic thin film on laminated printed-circuit board) base substrate, a glass-ceramic-based organic-thin-film multilayer build-up CSP (chip size package), and glass-ceramic 3-dimensional memory (3DM) modules. The characteristics of this newly developed MCM are as follows. The D/L base substrate has 179 I/O (input/output) pins and signal lines of 25-/spl mu/m width and 50-/spl mu/m pitch. The CSP carrier signal lines are as fine as those of the D/L, and the CSP carrier features 525 I/O pads and 80-/spl mu/m diameter chip bonding pads with 108-/spl mu/m pitch. The 3DM is almost the same size as a conventional single chip mold package; with the stacking of ten memory chips in the space of four 3DMs, the area required is roughly only that of four single chip packages.
A Novel Affinity Column for Isolation of Androgen Binding Protein from Rat Epididymis (1977)

An androgen affinity column was synthesized by covalently linking 3-oxo-17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-17alpha-(6-hexanoic acid) to cyanogen bromide activated Sepharose through a dipropyldiamine side arm. This column was designed to recover androphilic proteins from homogenates rich in nonspecific esterases. An extract of rat epididymis was adsorbed on the affinity column after partial purification by ammonium sulfate precipitation. The column was washed with 1 M KCl and the androgen binding protein eluted with 17beta-hydroxy-5alpha-androstan-3-one resulting in a 1,100-fold increase in specific activity. This protein had the same mobility on polyacrylamide gels and the same estimated molecular weight (135,000 daltons by gel filtration) as androgen binding protein in the original extract. By contrast, electrophoresis on sodium dodecyl sulfate containing gels yielded 2 bands with estimated molecular weights of 42,000 and 47,000 daltons. These observations are consistent with a subunit structure for rat epididymal androgen binding protein.
A New Single-Ended SRAM Cell With Write-Assist (2007)

A 6T static random access memory (SRAM) cell with a new write-assist (WA) feature is presented. The WA technique reduces the problem of writing a "one" through an nMOS pass device, thereby making a single-ended bit line more attractive. Both active power and leakage power can be significantly reduced. Leakage charge can be pooled to help precharge bit lines. Cell area and performance are competitive with traditional SRAM cell area and performance
Alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals with broad tunable band gaps (2009)

Nearly monodisperse alloyed (CuInS2)x(ZnS)1-x nanocrystals with cubic and hexagonal phases were successfully synthesized for the first time, and the band gaps of these alloyed nanocrystals can be tuned in the broad range of 1.5 to 3.7 eV by changing the ratio of CuInS2 to ZnS.
A Case for Continuous Data Protection at Block Level in Disk Array Storages (2008)

This paper presents a study of data storages for continuous data protection (CDP). After analyzing the existing data protection technologies, we propose a new disk array architecture that provides Timely Recovery to Any Point-in-time, referred to as TRAP. TRAP stores not only the data stripe upon a write to the array but also the time-stamped Exclusive ors (xors) of successive writes to each data block. By leveraging the xor operations that are performed upon each block write in today's RAID4/5 controllers, TRAP does not incur noticeable performance overhead. More importantly, TRAP is able to recover data very quickly to any point-in-time upon data damage by tracing back the sequence and history of xors resulting from writes. What is interesting is that the TRAP architecture is very space efficient. We have implemented a prototype of the new TRAP architecture using software at the block level and carried out extensive performance measurements using TPC-C benchmarks running on Oracle and Postgres databases, TPC-W running on a MySQL database, and file system benchmarks running on Linux and Windows systems. Our experiments demonstrated that TRAP not only is able to recover data to any point-in-time very quickly upon a failure but also uses less storage space than traditional daily incremental backup/snapshot. Compared to the state-of-the-art CDP technologies, TRAP saves disk storage space by one to two orders of magnitude with a simple and a fast encoding algorithm. In addition, TRAP can provide two-way data recovery with the availability of only one reference image in contrast to the one-way recovery of snapshot and incremental backup technologies. © 2009 IEEE.
DA and NDA SINR estimation in non Gaussian noise (2015)

In this paper, the problem of signal-to-interference plus noise ratio estimation over flat fading channels in non-Gaussian noise is addressed. Most previously published estimators assume the additive noise to be Gaussian. These estimation algorithms performs significantly worse when the additive noise is non-Gaussian. The additive non-Gaussian noise is modeled by a mixture of Gaussians distribution. Both data aided (DA) and non data aided (NDA) estimators are studied. The second and forth order moment based (M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) estimator is derived. Besides, the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm is proposed to iteratively estimate the maximum likelihood (ML) signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) estimate for both DA and NDA cases. The performance of the proposed estimators are compared in terms of their mean square error (MSE). Simulation results show remarkable performance improvements of the DA and NDA EM based ML SINR estimator over the M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> M <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> moment based estimator. Besides, it reveals the degradation in accuracy due to the impulsive noise components over Additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).
Thymidylate synthase protein expression in primary colorectal cancer compared with the corresponding distant metastases and relationship with the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil. (2000)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) expression in colorectal cancer metastases has been shown to predict for the clinical response to 5-fluorouracil. Because primary tumors may easily provide accessible sources of tissue for marker analysis, we have investigated the stability of TS expression between primary colorectal cancer and the corresponding distant metastases and compared their relative ability to predict response to chemotherapy on a series of 27 patients homogeneously treated with biochemically modulated fluorouracil for advanced disease. By immunohistochemistry, high levels of TS expression were observed in 19 of 27 (70%) primary tumors and in 13 of 27 (48%) metastatic samples. Overall, TS levels observed in primary tumors did not correlate with those measured in the corresponding metastases (r = 0.30, P = 0.13), with higher TS levels in primary tumors in 8 of 10 discordant cases. Accordingly, the degree of TS immunoreactivity was significantly higher in primary tumors compared with the corresponding metastases (mean TS score 3.8; median, 4 versus 2.8; median 3; P = 0.001). Response rates after chemotherapy for metastatic disease were similar for patients with low and high TS levels in their primary tumors (37% versus 53%, P = 0.47). In contrast, response rates were 71% and 23% in patients with low and high TS in metastatic samples (P = 0.012), respectively. In summary, TS levels measured in primary colorectal cancer do not reflect those observed in the corresponding metastases and cannot be used to predict their response to chemotherapy. The basis for the higher TS content of primary colorectal cancer compared with the corresponding metastases needs clarification.
Simplified Scaling Circuit (1943)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Don DeVault; Simplified Scaling Circuit. Rev Sci Instrum 1 January 1943; 14 (1): 23. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1770081 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Efficient encoding and rapid decoding for interactive visualization of large three‐dimensional hyperspectral chemical images (2009)

Interactive visualization of data from a new generation of chemical imaging systems requires coding that is efficient and accessible. New technologies for secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) generate large three-dimensional, hyperspectral datasets with high spatial and spectral resolution. Interactive visualization is important for chemical analysis, but the raw dataset size exceeds the memory capacities of typical current computer systems and is a significant obstacle. This paper reports the development of a lossless coding method that is memory efficient, enabling large SIMS datasets to be held in fast memory, and supports quick access for interactive visualization. The approach provides pixel indexing, as required for chemical imaging applications, and is based on the statistical characteristics of the data. The method uses differential time-of-flight to effect mass-spectral run-length-encoding and uses a scheme for variable-length, byte-unit representations for both mass-spectral time-of-flight and intensity values. Experiments demonstrate high compression rates and fast access.