gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid design based on wire and arc additive manufacturing in the aircraft industry (2012)

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a developing rapid prototyping and manufacturing technology which allows the production of large custom-made metal parts with high deposition rates, a major concern of the aircraft industry. Despite this, there is little research on the design method and application of WAAM technology in the aircraft industry. The overall research aim is to develop a step-by-step design method to create and assess hybrid design solutions based on WAAM technology. The main objectives are to: (i) analyse existing design methods and software tools; (ii) collect and analyse technical data about aircraft structure design and WAAM process; (iii) develop a hybrid design method based on WAAM technology; (iv) validate the developed design method through industrial case studies. These four objectives were achieved through the adoption of a four-phase research methodology. A hybrid design method was developed based on mature design models such as the VDI 2221model, BS 7000 design model and Pahl and Beitz’s design model and required prior knowledge of WAAM technology and aircraft structure design. This design method includes a hybrid design model and a WAAM feature based design guideline which enables the designers to create hybrid design solutions step by step and assess the proposed solutions by using the evaluation matrix chart. Hybrid design in this research encompasses design for hybrid manufacturing processes, which means that an object is to be designed partly made from prefabricated or off-the-shelf parts and partly added by WAAM process. Furthermore, Finite Element Analysis is introduced in the design method to check the performance of the preliminary design and the final design.\nThree case studies were carried out to verify the developed hybrid design method. The integral panel, a typical structure in aircraft, demonstrates the significant cost advantage of WAAM technology. The pylon frame and forward fitting are the structural parts provided by the Chinese aircraft industry. It shows that the cost of the final design is significantly lower than that of the preliminary design. In addition, topology optimisation is applied to achieve lower weight. The hybrid design method is validated through academic experts and industrial experts. This research project has contributed to an effective design method based on WAAM technology in the aircraft industry.
Rapid determination of the transbilayer distribution of NBD-phospholipids in erythrocyte membranes with dithionite (1994)

The assessment of the transverse distribution and mobility of NBD-labelled phospholipid analogues in biological membranes by selective chemical destruction of fluorescent label in the outer monolayer with dithionite has been investigated using resealed erythrocyte ghosts as a model system. The distribution of those analogues can be determined in < 30 s directly in the cell suspension provided the permeation of dithionite across the membrane is suppressed. The results were compared with data on translocation of either NBD- or spin-labelled phospholipid analogues obtained with the technique of back exchange to BSA. It is shown that the passage of dithionite can be mediated by anion-transport systems such as band 3 which is inhibited by DIDS. Appropriate conditions for the applicability of the assay were elucidated also using resealed ghosts having fluorescent NBD-taurine in the intracellular lumen. The application of the assay to measure fast translocation processes, e.g. those mediated by the aminophospholipid translocase, is described.
Effects of recombinant human growth hormone on HIV-1-specific T-cell responses, thymic output and proviral DNA in patients on HAART: 48-week follow-up (2008)

GH in Lipoatrophy IMP22350.
Germany and the New Global History of Secularism: Questioning the Postcolonial Genealogy (2015)

Secularism has emerged as a central category of twenty-first century political thought that in many ways has replaced the theory of secularization. According to postcolonial scholars, neither the theory nor the practice of secularization was politically neutral. They define secularism as the set of discourses, policies, and constitutional arrangements whereby modern states and liberal elites have sought to unify nations and divide colonial populations. This definition is quite different from the original meaning of secularism, as an immanent scientific worldview linked to anticlericalism. Anthropologist Talal Asad has connected nineteenth-century worldview secularism to twenty-first century political secularism through a genealogical account that stresses continuities of liberal hegemony. This essay challenges this account. It argues that liberal elites did not merely subsume worldview secularism in their drive for state secularization. Using the tools of conceptual history, the essay shows that one reason that “secularization” only achieved its contemporary meaning in Germany after 1945 was that radical freethinkers and other anticlerical secularists had previously resisted liberal hegemony. The essay concludes by offering an agenda for research into the discontinuous history of these two types of secularism.
A brief account of the fractions of soma. (1990)

Soma was originally Sauma as the Sanskrit form of the Avesta name Haoma. It is a loan word from the Chinese term, Hao-Ma, fire coloured hempior fibrous items like hemp and also coloured yellow with a tinge of brown. The Aryans as hunters took its juice as anti-fatigue drink. It was extolled as panacea and even as drink of longevity. The plant and its stalks were crushed between stones to produce juice. There arose different fractions and these have been given in a regular chart here.
Ulicyclamide and ulithiacyclamide, two new small peptides from a marine tunicate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUlicyclamide and ulithiacyclamide, two new small peptides from a marine tunicateChris Ireland and Paul J. ScheuerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 17, 5688–5691Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00537a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00537a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations136LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Human liquid bone marrow culture in serum‐free medium (1989)

Prolonged in vitro maintenance of human bone marrow progenitor cells was achieved using a serum-free (SF) liquid culture system. Culture medium was based on Iscove's medium supplemented with bovine serum albumin, human transferrin, bovine insulin, soybean lecithin, cholesterol, hydrocortisone and alpha-thioglycerol. Under these standardized culture conditions, CFU-GM were maintained for up to 4 weeks, as is the case when using conventional serum-dependent medium. Erythropoiesis exhibited a slower decline than that found using serum containing medium. Development of normal haematopoiesis was effective in spite of poor stromal cell development--a confluent adherent layer as classically described in serum conditions was never achieved. Our newly defined system provides a reliable technique for studying human haematopoietic stem cell proliferation and differentiation in vitro; it allows for rational utilization of currently available purified recombinant growth factors. It may be a promising tool in the clinical use of cultured haematopoietic stem cells.
Coronary Artery Involvement in Children With Kawasaki Disease (2007)

Analyses of serial normalized coronary artery measurements in optimally treated Kawasaki disease patients demonstrated that for most patients, measurements are greatest at baseline and subsequently diminish; baseline measurements appear to be good predictors of involvement during early follow-up. When a more precise assessment is used, risk factors for coronary artery involvement are similar to those defined with arbitrary dichotomous criteria.
Acylation desulfurization of oil via reactive adsorption (2013)

Excellent desulfurization is achieved via reactive adsorption using Friedel‐Crafts acylation materials, that is, acylating reagents and Lewis acids, such as acetyl chloride (AC) and AlCl 3 , being named as acylation desulfurization (ACDS). For model oil, thiophenic compounds, namely, dibenzothiophene, benzothiophene, and thiophene, are removed completely by AC–AlCl 3 within 30 min at room temperature. In this process, thiophenic compounds are acylated by AC under the catalysis of AlCl 3 , and the acylated derivatives are stronger base than original ones due to incorporation of O‐containing carbonyl group (CO) and, thus, adsorbed more easily by AlCl 3 via Lewis acid–base complexation. Further, ACDS mechanism is identified by acylated product characterization and quantum chemistry calculation. Satisfactorily, ACDS is still effective for toluene‐rich and real oils, and real oil quality is improved with desulfurization proceeding. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 2966–2976, 2013
A localized nonlinear method for the contrast enhancement of images (2003)

This paper presents a number of concepts that are important contributions to the area of contrast enhancement. Among them are the idea of gray scale partitioning, the use of a tunable cubic polynomial for the contrast enhancement function, and, in the case of noisy images, the use of a tandem of pyramidal lowpass filters to remove the noise from homogeneous regions (regions of constant or near-constant intensity) while simultaneously preserving the edges. Gray scale partitioning is a unique and original concept. This idea is based upon the human perception of a set of gray chips. The human perception was quantified by a set of ten intensity values that were converted to reflectances. The essence of gray scale partitioning is to transform these reflectances into gray scale intensity values (assuming constant illumination). These intensity values form the endpoints of discrete subintervals and are therefore the basis for gray scale partitioning. This ensures that the enhancement process will preserve shades of gray. That is, the output gray value will be of the same shade of gray (will lie in the same subinterval) as the input gray value.
Pharmacogenetic stimulation of cholinergic pedunculopontine neurons reverses motor deficits in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease (2015)

Overall, these findings provide evidence that functional modulation of PPN cholinergic neurons alleviates parkinsonian motor symptoms.
Evaluation of a Praseodymium Precursor for Atomic Layer Deposition of Oxide Dielectric Films (2004)

Amorphous PrOx based films were grown by atomic layer deposition in the temperature range 200−400 °C from Pr[N(SiMe3)2]3 and H2O on n-Si(100) and borosilicate glass substrates. The films contained considerable amounts of residual hydrogen and residual or diffused silicon. The refractive indexes of the films varied between 1.76 and 1.87. Crystallization took place after annealing at 900−1000 °C, and X-ray diffraction data indicated that the films were Pr9.33(SiO4)6O2. The effective permittivity of 70−100 nm thick films was in the range of 14−16. Annealing at 800 °C in nitrogen increased the effective permittivity to 15.6−21.0 and decreased the rechargeable trap density. Praseodymium silicate films may be applied after annealing as dielectric layers in capacitive structures.
Fast and Robust QEF Minimization using Probabilistic Quadrics (2020)

Abstract Error quadrics are a fundamental and powerful building block in many geometry processing algorithms. However, finding the minimizer of a given quadric is in many cases not robust and requires a singular value decomposition or some ad‐hoc regularization. While classical error quadrics measure the squared deviation from a set of ground truth planes or polygons, we treat the input data as genuinely uncertain information and embed error quadrics in a probabilistic setting (“probabilistic quadrics”) where the optimal point minimizes the expected squared error. We derive closed form solutions for the popular plane and triangle quadrics subject to (spatially varying, anisotropic) Gaussian noise. Probabilistic quadrics can be minimized robustly by solving a simple linear system — 50× faster than SVD. We show that probabilistic quadrics have superior properties in tasks like decimation and isosurface extraction since they favor more uniform triangulations and are more tolerant to noise while still maintaining feature sensitivity. A broad spectrum of applications can directly benefit from our new quadrics as a drop‐in replacement which we demonstrate with mesh smoothing via filtered quadrics and non‐linear subdivision surfaces.
Bone–titanium oxide interface in humans revealed by transmission electron microscopy and electron tomography (2011)

Osseointegration, the direct contact between an implant surface and bone tissue, plays a critical role in interfacial stability and implant success. Analysis of interfacial zones at the micro- and nano-levels is essential to determine the extent of osseointegration. In this paper, a series of state-of-the-art microscopy techniques are used on laser-modified implants retrieved from humans. Partially laser-modified implants were retrieved after two and a half months' healing and processed for light and electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed osseointegration, with bone tissue growing both towards and away from the implant surface. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an intimate contact between mineralized bone and the laser-modified surface, including bone growth into the nano-structured oxide. This novel observation was verified by three-dimensional Z-contrast electron tomography, enabling visualization of an apatite layer, with different crystal direction compared with the apatite in the bone tissue, encompassing the nano-structured oxide. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the nano-scale osseointegration and bonding between apatite and surface-textured titanium oxide. These observations provide novel data in human specimens on the ultrastructure of the titanium-bone interface.
LRRN4 and UPK3B Are Markers of Primary Mesothelial Cells (2011)

Within the primary cell panel, LRRN4 was only detected in primary mesothelial cells, but MSLN and UPK3B were also detected in other cell types. MSLN was detected in bronchial epithelial cells and alveolar epithelial cells and UPK3B was detected in retinal pigment epithelial cells and urothelial cells. Testing the cell line panel, MSLN was detected in 15 of the 16 mesothelioma cells lines, whereas LRRN4 was only detected in 8 and UPK3B in 6. Interestingly MSLN levels appear to be upregulated in the mesothelioma lines compared to the primary mesothelial cells, while LRRN4 and UPK3B, are either lost or down-regulated. Despite the higher fraction of mesothelioma lines positive for MSLN, it was also detected at high levels in 2 lung cancer lines and 3 other unrelated cancer lines derived from papillotubular adenocarcinoma, signet ring carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma.
[In vitro transgenic expression efficacy of a helper-dependent adenoviral vector encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein]. (2010)

To investigate the transgenic expressing efficacy of helper-dependent adenoviral vector (HDAd) in vitro, we constructed a HDAd encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), denominated as HDAd/EGFP, performed large scale preparation and purification, and then identified the purified HDAd/EGFP under fluorescent microscope and electron microscope. After the concentration of HDAd/EGFP was determined by spectrophotometer, the transgenic expression efficiency of HDAd/EGFP was compared with first generation adenoviral vector encoding EGFP (FGAd/EGFP) in vitro. Therefore, we infected A549 cells with 2000 virus particles (vp) per cell by HDAd/EGFP and FGAd/EGFP respectively and analyzed EGFP expressing level by flow cytometry. Consequently, the fluorescent expression rate and fluorescent intensity of EGFP were higher in early infected A549 cells by HDAd/EGFP than by FGAd/EGFP. HDAd, capable of expressing transgene instantly and efficiently in vitro, is a potential vaccine vector.
Contribution to Flower Colors of Flavonoids Including Anthocyanins: A Review (2015)

Flavonoids are one of the major pigments in higher plants, together with chlorophylls and carotenoids. Though ca. 8,000 kinds of flavonoids have been reported in nature, anthocyanins, chalcones, aurones and some flavonols act as major flower pigments. Flavonoids are present as major components in many flowers. On the other hand, flavones and flavonols, which are colorless or extremely pale yellow, function as copigment substances. Moreover, expression of the flower colors is diversified by inter-molecular and intra-molecular copigmentation, metal chelation, pH change and so on. In this review, I describe the distribution of the flavonoids which act as the pigments, and contribution to flower colors, e.g., yellow, scarlet, red, red-purple, violet, purple, blue and so on, of flavonoids, especially anthocyanins, chalcones, aurones and flavonols.
Role of the piezoelectric effect in device uniformity of GaAs integrated circuits (1984)

In order to assess the orientation dependence of device uniformity in GaAs integrated circuits, metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MESFET’s) were fabricated along different crystal orientations on a 3-in. (100) substrate and compared with one another. Measurements indicated that the characteristics of FET’s oriented along [011] and [011̄] directions have strong dependence upon their radial positions on the wafer. However, FET’s oriented in [001] and [010] directions do not display such dependence and have better device uniformity. The orientation effect on the radial dependence of the FET device characteristics can be attributed to the piezoelectric effect.
Teletraffic Engineering based Flow Admission Control for a DiffServ Network (2006)

A DiffServ network is capable of providing varying quality of service based on the policies defined for an aggregate. The traffic flows which form the aggregate get monitored. The flow packets which do not confine the policies get dropped. Such policy definitions are prefixed and they do not reflect the current internal state of the network. For this, it is proposed to make use of an endpoint admission control strategy. In such schemes admission decisions are usually based on packet drop rate and to some extent on inter-packet delay variation. In this paper we propose an admission decision scheme which extends the principles of estimation of blocking probability in a telecommunication network to the IP network. This scheme is then compared with the above two varieties of decision schemes. Such a comparison leads to a fact that by the use of the proposed scheme an effective utilization of the bottleneck link equivalent to inter-packet delay variation scheme can be achieved at a reduced overhead traffic. Whereas, packet drop rate based admission control results in far lower link utilization.
Electroplating of Nanostructured Nickel in Emulsion of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide in Electrolyte Solution (2002)

Abstract We report electroplating in emulsion of supercritical carbon dioxide and electrolyte solution for the first time. Compared to conventional electroplating, this technology has advantages in covering, leveling and throwing effects on plating. Moreover the particle sizes of plated nickel are sub-100 nm.
Accuracy controlled iterative method for efficient sigmoid function approximation (2020)

The sigmoid activation function plays an essential role in implementing neural networks in hardware. However, due to a high degree of non-linearity, the hardware implementation of the activation function itself is a daunting job. In this Letter, the authors proposed an accuracy controlled iterative algorithm for the piecewise linear approximation of the sigmoid function. The proposed algorithm approximates sigmoid activation with an optimised number of linear functions for a given error. The accuracy and hardware complexity of the resulting approximation function are compared with the state-of-the-art literature.
Cryosurgical modification of retrograde atrioventricular conduction. Implications for the surgical treatment of atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia. (1986)

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia resulting from atrioventricular nodal reentry is a common arrhythmia that usually responds to medical therapy. When atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia is refractory to medical therapy, cryoablation or endocardial catheter ablation of the His bundle has been employed to protect the ventricles from the tachycardia. However, these techniques necessitate implantation of a permanent ventricular pacemaker. A cryosurgical procedure that ablates the anatomic-electrophysiologic substrate for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia while preserving antegrade atrioventricular conduction has been described. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of this procedure on retrograde atrioventricular conduction and on the ventricular echo phenomenon in particular. Thirty adult mongrel dogs underwent either the cryosurgical procedure (n = 20) or a sham operation (n = 10). The animals were studied either immediately postoperatively (acute cryosurgery group and control group, n = 10 for each group) or 14 weeks postoperatively (chronic cryosurgery group, n = 10). Decremental ventricular pacing and programmed premature ventricular pacing protocols were used to determine the retrograde atrioventricular nodal conduction time, Wenckebach point, atrioventricular nodal refractory periods, and ventricular echo reflection time. No electrophysiologic alterations were noted in the sham-operated group. In the acute cryosurgery group, the retrograde Wenckebach point, atrioventricular nodal conduction time, functional refractory period of the atrioventricular node, effective refractory period of the atrioventricular node, and ventricular echo reflection time were all significantly prolonged. In the chronic cryosurgery group, no significant change in ventriculoatrial conduction was noted, but the ventricular echo phenomenon was eliminated in all but one animal. These data further document that this cryosurgical procedure is capable of ablating the anatomic-electrophysiologic substrate necessary for atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia while preserving atrioventricular conduction.