gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance evaluation of a new robust detector for sonar signals (2005)

A novel Spectrum Balancing Detector (SBD) for sonar signals is introduced. The detector operates on quadrature signals as well as their Hilbert transforms using cross multiplicative structure in contrast to the square law detector which simply adds up the two components after a squaring operation. It has the special feature of forming an automatic notch around reverberation and indicating the sense of direction of motion of the target. The performance of the SB detector is evaluated on the basis of minimum detectable level of signals and it is shown that the detector is at least as robust as square law detector. Theoretical and experimental results are also presented to establish the properties of the SB detector.
Fluoroscopic removal of ingested alkaline batteries. (1984)

The ingestion of small, flat disc batteries by infants and children may be life threatening if the battery leaks or disintegrates resulting in perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. The fluoroscopic removal of six ingested batteries from the stomach using an orogastric tube and magnet and a Foley catheter is described.
Non-Chromate Aluminum Pretreatments, Phase 2 (2004)

Abstract : Current light metal finishing procedures for industrial, automotive, aerospace, and Department of Defense (DoD) applications center around the use of hexavalent chromium based chemistries for the enhancing corrosion resistance and paint adhesion. Aluminum finishing, in particular, utilizes chromate chemistries for anodizing, anodic sealing, and pretreatment (both for conversion coating aluminum substrates and for treating aluminum-based coatings deposited on steel). The most ubiquitous use of chromate coatings is in the conversion coating of aluminum alloys for use as-deposited or prior to organic coating application. These coatings are very thin, inexpensive to produce, extremely process flexible, and can be applied by immersion, spray and wipe techniques. Chromate conversion coatings offer many advantages, however, the downside is that they contain hexavalent chromium, or chromate, species that are known to be carcinogenic. The occupational safety and health issues arising from risk of worker exposure to these chemicals, as well as the costs and the potential liabilities resulting from an accidental leak to the environment and waste disposal issues from normal finishing operations are making the use of chromate-based conversion coatings unattractive to the metal finishing industry. Additionally, proposed Occupational Safety and Health Administration Permissible Exposure Limit (OSHA PEL) changes for hexavalent chromium would make the use of chromate very costly. A final ruling on the PEL is scheduled for the beginning of 2006, and under the current proposal, would drop the PEL from 100 g/m3 (for hexavalent chromium in the form of chromic acid) to 10 g/m3 at the highest; or possibly as low as 0.5 or 1 g/m3. This change would be especially hard for medium to small sized plating and coating contractors to comply with in a cost-effective manner.
Comparison of the General Dynamics Ground Clobber Algorithm with the GCAS and Laws Algorithms (1988)

Three ground avoidance algorithms were evaluated over a variety of mission profiles to determine their effectiveness in avoiding Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) mishaps. Eight Air Force pilots flew nine data collection missions each while subjectively evaluating the system's nuisance warnings. During each mission one of the three algorithms was on-line while the other two were being flown off-line. This provided a mechanism to directly compare each algorithms' performance over identical flight conditions. There were 107 crashes in the experiment resulting in 107 crash plots used for the comparison. The crash plots indicated no significant difference between algorithm performance with regard to crash frequency. The algorithms did differ slightly when performance was evaluated over specific flight regimes, to include diving into flat terrain, level flight into rising terrain, and diving into rising terrain. Subjective evaluation of nuisance warnings indicate significant philosophical differences between the algorithms. Keywords: Ground collision avoidance system (GCAS), Ground clobber low altitude warning system, F-16 Aircraft, CFIT avoidance.
Vision-based robust calibration for optical see-through head-mounted displays (2013)

We propose Vision-based Robust Calibration (ViRC) method for OSTHMDs equipped with a camera. In the ViRC method, calibration parameters are decomposed into off-line parameters that remain constant relative to the positional relationship between the camera and the virtual screen, and on-line parameters related to the user's eye. Calculating the off-line parameters beforehand reduces the number of unknown parameters in the on-line phase, giving robust protection against the user's misalignments during calibration. In the off-line phase, the approximate position of the user's eye is calculated using the PnP algorithm. In the online phase, the actual position of the user's eye is estimated from the approximate one by non-linear minimization. In our experiments, we show that the ViRC method can decrease reprojection error by as much as 83% compared with the conventional method based on the DLT algorithm.
The Decomposition of Hypobromite and Bromite Solutions (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Hypobromite and Bromite SolutionsP. Engel, A. Oplatka, and B. Perlmutter-HaymanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 7, 2010–2015Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01636a092https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01636a092research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views311Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cytokine Regulation of Neuronal Survival (1992)

Interleukin-1 is a cytokine involved in the immune response to infection and inflammation as well as a growth promotor for several cell types. Interleukin-1-like immunoreactive material has been found in the nervous system. We now show that antisera, which blocked the T-cell proliferative effects of interleukin-1 alpha, decreased neuronal cell counts (to 40% of control) in dissociated spinal cord cultures derived from fetal mice. This neuronal loss was prevented by addition of interleukin-1 alpha, and to a lesser extent by interleukin-1 beta. Exogenous interleukin-1 alpha increased the survival of neurons when added to cultures in which the electrical activity was blocked with tetrodotoxin, whereas no such cytokine-related increase in neuronal survival was observed in electrically active cultures. The antiserum-induced death could also be prevented by cotreatment of the cultures with 0.1 nM vasoactive intestinal peptide, a substance that induces the secretion of neuronal trophic factors from nonneuronal spinal cord cells and thereby increases neuronal survival in electrically inactive cultures. These studies indicate that the cytokine interleukin-1, or an immunologically cross-reactive protein, can increase neuronal survival.
Light-Induced Fluorescence Studies on Dehydration of Incipient Enamel Lesions (2002)

Changes in the hydration state of enamel affect its optical qualities, such as light scattering and fluorescence. In this study, the rate of fluorescence loss was measured when incipient enamel lesions with different de-remineralization history were left to dehydrate. Four groups of lesions were studied. In groups A, B and C, the lesions were prepared in vitro in an acid-gel system. Group A was kept as control, and groups B and C were remineralized (4 weeks) without and with 1 ppm F in solution, respectively. Group D consisted of natural incipient lesions. Enamel fluorescence was measured for all lesions immediately after removal from water and subsequently at short intervals for 30 min. The change in fluorescence with dehydration varied between the groups. In lesions from groups A and B, it followed a double exponential decrease, while in lesions from groups C and D, it followed a mono-exponential decrease. In all groups, the fluorescence of sound surfaces declined mono-exponentially. The 'fractional fluorescence difference', defined as (L(sound) - L(carious) )/L(sound), became constant after periods of dehydration of about 5, 5, 20 and 5 min for groups A to D, respectively. The observation of the change of fluorescence with dehydration should be taken into consideration when planning studies that use fluorescence as an assessment method. However, it might also be used to gain insight into the properties for fluid transport inside the various lesions, relevant to de-remineralization or fluoride treatments.
Fano interference governs wave transport in disordered systems (2012)

Light localization in disordered systems and Bragg scattering in regular periodic structures are considered traditionally as two entirely opposite phenomena: disorder leads to degradation of coherent Bragg scattering whereas Anderson localization is suppressed by periodicity. Here we reveal a non-trivial link between these two phenomena, through the Fano interference between Bragg scattering and disorder-induced scattering, that triggers both localization and de-localization in random systems. We find unexpected transmission enhancement and spectrum inversion when the Bragg stop-bands are transformed into the Bragg pass-bands solely owing to disorder. Fano resonances are always associated with coherent scattering in regular systems, but our discovery of disorder-induced Fano resonances may provide novel insights into many features of the transport phenomena of photons, phonons, and electrons. Owning to ergodicity, the Fano resonance is a fingerprint feature for any realization of the structure with a certain degree of disorder.
Image enhancement based on a nonlinear multiscale method (1997)

An image enhancement method that reduces speckle noise and preserves edges is introduced. The method is based on a new nonlinear multiscale reconstruction scheme that is obtained by successively combining each coarser scale image with the corresponding modified interscale image. Simulation results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
Evaluating diversified search results using per-intent graded relevance (2011)

Search queries are often ambiguous and/or underspecified. To accomodate different user needs, search result diversification has received attention in the past few years. Accordingly, several new metrics for evaluating diversification have been proposed, but their properties are little understood. We compare the properties of existing metrics given the premises that (1) queries may have multiple intents; (2) the likelihood of each intent given a query is available; and (3) graded relevance assessments are available for each intent. We compare a wide range of traditional and diversified IR metrics after adding graded relevance assessments to the TREC 2009 Web track diversity task test collection which originally had binary relevance assessments. Our primary criterion is discriminative power, which represents the reliability of a metric in an experiment. Our results show that diversified IR experiments with a given number of topics can be as reliable as traditional IR experiments with the same number of topics, provided that the right metrics are used. Moreover, we compare the intuitiveness of diversified IR metrics by closely examining the actual ranked lists from TREC. We show that a family of metrics called D#-measures have several advantages over other metrics such as α-nDCG and Intent-Aware metrics.
ChemInform Abstract: Semiconductor‐Mediated Photodegradation of Pollutants under Visible‐Light Irradiation (2011)

Abstract Review: 63 refs.
Analysis of HDR Power Generation Technology (2012)

As human overexploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels such as mining resources, the global environment has been severely polluted and damaged, which also poses a threat to human's health. So it is full of demands for renewable and clean energy sources. At present R & D of new energy is also increasing emphasised around the world. HDR as a renewable clean geothermal resources, with large reserves, widely distributed, heat, environmentally friendly development, through the heat exchange technology for power generation, which has a strong potential value.To actively develop new energy and promote the application of HDR power generation technology,we start from the basic characteristics of the HDR, and explore the basic principles of HDR power generation, the key technologies and the development of economic conditions. Meanwhile combined with the geographical characteristics of the environment in China, from the perspective of integration of subject resources,finally we constructively put forward a three-stage strategy for HDR power generation development plan.
A 0.1% accuracy 100&#x03A9;-20m&#x03A9; dynamic range integrated gas sensor interface circuit with 13+4 bit digital output (2005)

This paper presents the design and the characterization of an integrated wide-range interface circuit for resistive sensors. The device is actually a multi-scale transresistance continuous time amplifier followed by a 13-bit incremental A/D converter. As shown in measurements the worst case resolution is near to 0.1% over a range of 5.3 decades [100/spl Omega/-20M/spl Omega/] thanks to a calibration technique which cancels offset and gain error mismatch between scales. The chip has been designed in 0.35/spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Coating by the Cold Spray Process: a state of the art (2009)

A brief description of cold spray coating process is presented. This paper intends to review some the previous works which are mostly about the influences of the cold spray parameters, mostly the surface of the substrate, on the deposition efficiency (DE). Almost all the important parameters, with more focus on the roughness of the substrate, on increasing the DE are briefly studied; this review also includes a description of application of cold spray and of some important effect of this method on substrate properties. On this basis, some possible development in this field of research are drawn and discussed.
Immunogenicity of DNA Vaccines Encoding Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Antigen Targeted to Dendritic Cells in Rhesus Macaques (2012)

The study confirms the potent immunogenicity of DNA vaccines delivered by electroporation. Targeting the DNA via a single chain antibody to DEC-205 expressed by DCs, however, does not improve the immunogenicity of the antigens in non-human primates.
Denaturation of fish proteins during frozen storage: role of formaldehyde (1995)

Abstract Proteins of fish muscle undergo chemical and physical changes during frozen storage which may result in, under certain conditions (i.e. long periods of storage, poor freezing practices, temperature fluctuations, etc), loss of quality, reflected mainly by an unacceptable texture as well as an undesirable flavour, odour and colour. In frozen gadoid fish species, most of these changes are caused by the production of formaldehyde in the muscle. Formaldehyde is produced, along with dimethylamine, by the enzymatic reduction of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO). Many aspects of formaldehyde production by TMAO demethylase (TMAOase) have been studied throughout the last decade. In addition, different approaches have been used to investigate the effect of formaldehyde production on protein denaturation and the associated muscle textural changes. Some insight into the reaction between protein and formaldehyde has clarified the possible mechanism of formaldehyde-mediated denaturation. However, evidence of covalent bonding between proteins and formaldehyde, to form crosslinks, has not explained fully the changes observed in fish proteins during frozen storage. The study of cold-induced denaturation of proteins might give new clues for further investigation of the problem. The implications of formaldehyde in toxicological and nutritional issues is also reviewed, as general concern about the safety of food products is a growing field in food science. Finally, different approaches have been proposed to avoid the detrimental action of formaldehyde during frozen storage of gadoid fish; they are some of the practical applications of the knowledge acquired after years of study of different workers in the field.
Spinning Spacecraft Attitude Estimation Using Markley Variables: Filter Implementation And Results (2005)

The roles of ATP hydrolysis in electron-transfer (ET) reactions of the nitrogenase catalytic cycle remain obscure. Here, we present a new structure of a nitrogenase complex crystallized with MgADP and MgAMPPCP, an ATP analogue. In this structure the two nucleotides are bound asymmetrically by the Fe-protein subunits connected to the two different MoFe-protein subunits. This binding mode suggests that ATP hydrolysis and phosphate release may proceed by a stepwise mechanism. Through the associated Fe-protein conformational changes, a stepwise mechanism is anticipated to prolong the lifetime of the Fe-protein-MoFe-protein complex and, in turn, could orchestrate the sequence of intracomplex ET required for substrate reduction.
Influence of Alkyl Substitution Pattern on Reactivity of Thiophene-Based Monomers in Kumada Catalyst-Transfer Polycondensation (2011)

Transmetalation (TM) was found to be the key step defining the ability of alkyl-substituted thiophene-based ClMg-Th(R)-Br monomers to be polymerized under Ni-catalyzed Grignard metathesis/Kumada catalyst transfer polycondensation conditions. For both dppe- and dppp-supported catalysts (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, dppp = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane), chain propagation is prohibited if the TM step would lead to sterically hindered head-to-head (HH) Th(R)-Ni-(R)Th intermediates in which alkyl substituents at both thienyl rings are in the “ortho” position relative to the Ni center. However, polymerization proceeds if no alkyl substituents are present at least at one “ortho” position relative to the Ni center. This rule is fulfilled for “regular” 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3-hexylthiophene (2) which easily polymerize in the presence of various Ni initiators. However, “reversed” 5-bromo-2-chloromagnesio-3-hexylthiophene (1) has sterically hindered Grignard function and therefore the initiation step is hampered with Ni(dppe)Cl2 or Ni(dppp)Cl2 initiator precursors, but it proceeds with sterically nonhindered Ph-Ni(dppe)-Br and Ph-Ni(dppp)-Br initiators. “Disubstituted” 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3,4-dihexylthiophene (3) does not polymerize by any initiators. “Unsubstituted” monomer 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesiothiophene (4) smoothly homopolymerizes and copolymerizes with 2-bromo-5-chloromagnesio-3-dodecylthiophene (2a) by various unsupported and surface-immobilized initiators via the chain-growth mechanism. This reflects the unimportance of the “ortho” stabilization of the chain-propagating Ni species for achieving a good polymerization control, if Ni catalysts are ligated by bidentante dppp and dppe ligands. The obtained results demonstrate that unsubstituted thiophene is a suitable building block for designing of new conjugated polymers via chain-growth Kumada catalyst-transfer polycondensation.
RAPID EXTRACTION OF HIGH-QUALITY CHITOSAN FROM MYCELIA OF ABSIDIA GLAUCA (1999)

A rapid two-step extraction method for high quality fungal chitosan from Absidia glauca was developed. Fungal mycelia are autoclaved in a 1M caustic soda solution at 121C for 15 min. The alkali-insoluble-materials obtained are then further autoclaved for 15 min in a 2% aqueous acetic acid solution. There was a relatively low degree of N-deacetylation and chain degradation of the chitosan. The integrity of the product can be attributed to the mild acid used, the short reaction time and the steam environment. When the acid extraction step was carried out in a 1M hydrochloric acid solution under the same conditions, the highest degree of extraction was attained, albeit with some degree of chain degradation. When compared to existing extraction methods, our procedure is efficient, time- and labor-saving, and can handle both small and large samples. In addition, chitosan obtained by this method is essentially free of impurities.
Extremely low-threshold 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP DFB PPIBH laser (1988)

Extremely low-threshold-current 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP distributed feedback, p-substrate partially inverted buried heterostructure lasers have been fabricated by the MOCVD/LPE hybrid process. A CW threshold of 3.1 mA is achieved at room temperature. A side mode suppression ratio of more than 35 dB is obtained above 1 mW light output level.
Modulation of Motility and Proliferation of Glioma Cells by Hepatocyte Growth Factor (1997)

Invasive proliferation is a critical biological characteristic of gliomas. We evaluated the activities of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on proliferation and motility of glioma cells, comparing them with the effects of other growth factors (EGF, bFGF, PDGF-BB, TGF-beta 1). Seven primary culture lines all expressed c-met and HGF mRNA, and secreted HGF. HGF stimulated 3H-thymidine uptake of every glioma cell line (30 to 70% upregulation). Boyden chamber assay and scattering assay revealed that HGF promoted cell motility with chemokinetic and strong chemotactic activities. Concentric circle assay showed that HGF promoted two-dimensional expansion (proliferation and motility) most strongly among the growth factors studied. Further, we analyzed 23 paraffin-embedded sections of surgically resected gliomas (7 grade II, 8 grade III, and 8 grade IV) by immunohistochemistry. Expression of HGF and Met increased with malignant progression of gliomas, suggesting that gliomas stimulated their invasive proliferation by autocrine HGF production. Neurons and vasculature were HGF-positive, and Met-positive glioma cells gathered around them. The data indicate that neurons and vasculature, which are the main tracks of glioma invasion, augment chemotactic invasion and proliferation of gliomas by paracrine HGF secretion. Clearly HGF plays a critical role in invasive proliferation of glioma cells and it is therefore a candidate target of therapeutic intervention.