gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General Approach for Monitoring Peptide–Protein Interactions Based on Graphene–Peptide Complex (2011)

Peptide-protein interactions have critical roles in biology. Monitoring peptide-protein interactions plays an important role in investigating molecular recognition, screening drugs, and designing biosensors. In this paper, we develop a novel fluorescent approach to monitor peptide-protein interactions based on the assembly of pyrene-labeled peptide and graphene oxide (GO). The pyrene-labeled peptide is strongly adsorbed on the surface of GO via π-π interactions and hydrophobic interactions. As a result, the proximity of the GO to the pyrene moiety effectively quenches the fluorescence of pyrene. In the presence of target protein, the competitive binding of the target protein with GO for peptide results in the restoration of fluorescence signal. This signaling mechanism makes it possible to monitor the peptide-protein interactions in a homogeneous real-time format.
Historia de la escuela de enfermeras «Salus Infirmorum» de Madrid (1997)

El objetivo del estudio es describir el origen de la Escuela de Enfermeras «Salus Infirmorum» de Madrid, inaugurada\n\t\t\t\t en el año 1943 con unas características específicas, que desde nuestro punto de vista se han mantenido fieles a su origen,\n\t\t\t\t y conocer su evolución hasta nuestros días. Para ello comenzamos con una visión retrospectiva de la asistencia socio-sanitaria en el Madrid de la postguerra y de los Organismos e Instituciones encargados de la formación de las enfermeras\n\t\t\t\t en la época.\n\t\t\t\t Las fuentes utilizadas fueron: Revisión bibliográfica. Normativas, Estatutos, publicaciones periódicas y documentos\n\t\t\t\t originales existentes en la Institución «Salus Infirmorum», así como Entrevistas in situ enfocadas y biográficas. El desarrollo\n\t\t\t\t del trabajo recoge las etapas mas significativas en la evolución de la Escuela: La Institución Salus Infirmorum,\n\t\t\t\t su fundadora. Inauguración de la Escuela. Ampliación de Estudios. Escuela de Enfermeras-ATS. Escuela Universitaria\n\t\t\t\t de Enfermería. Los resultados encontrados constatan como mas significativo:\n\t\t\t\t - La Escuela de Enfermeras Salus Infirmorum nace para cubrir las necesidades de formación en un momento determinado\n\t\t\t\t y lejos de extinguirse en el tiempo, es capaz de adaptarse a la realidad social de nuestros días.\n\t\t\t\t - Desde su fundación, La Escuela de Salus Infirmorum ha mantenido la finalidad para la que fue creada: Preparar\n\t\t\t\t al estudiante desde las vertientes: científica, técnica, humana, ética y cristiana.
Recent African origin of modern humans revealed by complete sequences of hominoid mitochondrial DNAs. (1995)

We analyzed the complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences of three humans (African, European, and Japanese), three African apes (common and pygmy chimpanzees, and gorilla), and one orangutan in an attempt to estimate most accurately the substitution rates and divergence times of hominoid mtDNAs. Nonsynonymous substitutions and substitutions in RNA genes have accumulated with an approximately clock-like regularity. From these substitutions and under the assumption that the orangutan and African apes diverged 13 million years ago, we obtained a divergence time for humans and chimpanzees of 4.9 million years. This divergence time permitted calibration of the synonymous substitution rate (3.89 x 10(-8)/site per year). To obtain the substitution rate in the displacement (D)-loop region, we compared the three human mtDNAs and measured the relative abundance of substitutions in the D-loop region and at synonymous sites. The estimated substitution rate in the D-loop region was 7.00 x 10(-8)/site per year. Using both synonymous and D-loop substitutions, we inferred the age of the last common ancestor of the human mtDNAs as 143,000 +/- 18,000 years. The shallow ancestry of human mtDNAs, together with the observation that the African sequence is the most diverged among humans, strongly supports the recent African origin of modern humans, Homo sapiens sapiens.
Fast signature-based color-spatial image retrieval (1997)

This paper presents a novel method of retrieving images based on color-spatial information. For each image, its color-spatial information is compactly captured by a set of color signatures and an image signature. During the image retrieval process, the color and image signatures of the query image and those of the database images are compared to determine the set of candidate images to be retrieved. In particular our similarity measure takes into account contributions of colors that are perceptually similar and the weightage on the object colors. To speed up the retrieval process, we also propose a filtering mechanism that employs a simple similarity measure to prune away irrelevant images quickly, before computing the more complex similarity measure on potential candidate images. We implemented the proposed method and conducted an experimental study on an image database consisting of 12,000 images. Our results show the retrieval effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed color-spatial approach.
Wideband Propagation Measurement Results, Simulation Models, and Processing Techniques for a Sliding Correlator Measurement System (1997)

Radio wave propagation measurements provide a way to accurately and reliably characterize environments to assist in the development and optimization of wireless communication systems. As digital radio systems occupy wider bandwidths and use multipath signal combining to enhance quality of service, knowledge of time dispersion and the multipath structure of radio channels become increasingly important. The wideband measurement system presented herein provides a practical means to precisely measure the delays and strengths of individual multipath components which arrive at a radio receiver. Presented in this Thesis are fundamental theory, practical implementation, and simulation models for a sliding correlator measurement system. The sliding correlator technique is explained in detail and large-scale measurement survey is presented. Techniques for statistically quantifying the characteristics of propagation using the sliding correlator measurements are presented and compared. The development of simulations of the sliding correlator system is described, and simulation results are used to test conventional and newly developed post-processing algorithms. This Thesis presents a practical view of the sliding correlator measurement system, but its foundations are rooted in the theoretical results which are explained and derived herein. Propagation researchers and students in the wireless communication field may find this work and the cited references useful for continued study of wideband propagation measurements or for application of the sliding correlator system as a wideband measurement solution.
Functional Domains of the<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>Transcription Factor AraR and Identification of Amino Acids Important for Nucleoprotein Complex Assembly and Effector Binding (2006)

The Bacillus subtilis AraR transcription factor represses at least 13 genes required for the extracellular degradation of arabinose-containing polysaccharides, transport of arabinose, arabinose oligomers, xylose, and galactose, intracellular degradation of arabinose oligomers, and further catabolism of this sugar. AraR exhibits a chimeric organization comprising a small N-terminal DNA-binding domain that contains a winged helix-turn-helix motif similar to that seen with the GntR family and a larger C-terminal domain homologous to that of the LacI/GalR family. Here, a model for AraR was derived based on the known crystal structures of the FadR and PurR regulators from Escherichia coli. We have used random mutagenesis, deletion, and construction of chimeric LexA-AraR fusion proteins to map the functional domains of AraR required for DNA binding, dimerization, and effector binding. Moreover, predictions for the functional role of specific residues were tested by site-directed mutagenesis. In vivo analysis identified particular amino acids required for dimer assembly, formation of the nucleoprotein complex, and composition of the sugar-binding cleft. This work presents a structural framework for the function of AraR and provides insight into the mechanistic mode of action of this modular repressor.
Alteration of viral lipid composition by expression of the phospholipid floppase ABCB4 reduces HIV vector infectivity (2008)

Our data indicate that increasing the PC content of HIV particles reduces infectivity.
A Bivalent Ligand (KDN-21) Reveals Spinal δ and κ Opioid Receptors Are Organized as Heterodimers That Give Rise to δ<sub>1</sub> and <i>κ</i><sub>2</sub> Phenotypes. Selective Targeting of δ−κ Heterodimers (2004)

In view of recent pharmacological studies suggesting the existence of delta-kappa opioid receptor heterodimers/oligomers in the spinal cord, we have synthesized and evaluated (intrathecally in mice) a series of bivalent ligands (KDN series) containing kappa and delta antagonist pharmacophores. Pharmacological and binding data have provided evidence for the bridging of spinal delta-kappa receptor heterodimers by KDN-21 and for their identification as delta(1) and kappa(2). The selectivity profile of KDN-21 and the apparent absence of coupled delta(1)-kappa(2) phenotypes in the brain suggest a new approach for targeting receptors.
A PC-based interface for an expert system to assist with preoperative assessments (2002)

PREOP (short for preoperative assessment), a knowledge-based program, was developed to provide physicians with expert-level recommendations concerning the assessment and care of patients who are about to undergo surgery. An interface to PREOP is designed to provide clinicians with a user-friendly assessment tool. The interface is written in C language for Intel 80*86-based computers with the help of a toolkit of windowing functions. It represents an attempt to implement a mixed-initiative dialogue in which there is a two-way flow of information between the clinician and the expert system. This makes possible the arbitrary correction of user inputs. When complete, PREOP will be able to assess a wider range of risk factors and synthesize more sophisticated recommendations, using hypermedia interface techniques. A goal of this work is to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence and expert system techniques on medical care.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Airflow and Cooling Performance of Data Centers: Two Performance Metrics (2008)

This paper focuses on the use of performance metrics for analyzing air-management systems in data centers. Such systems are important for adequately cooling the electronic equipment and controlling the associated energy costs. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling has the capacity to help understand how a cooling solution will perform prior to being built. However, modeling also has the capacity to generate an unwieldy amount of data. The crux of the matter is to know what to look for and then objectively characterize and report the performance. Performance metrics provide a great opportunity for the data center industry at large. They could form the foundation for a standardized way of specifying and reporting various cooling solutions. This paper specifically demonstrates the use of two metrics: The Rack Cooling Index (RCI) is a measure of how well the system cools the electronics within the manufacturers’ specifications, and the Return Temperature Index (RTI) is a measure of the energy performance of the air-management system. Combined, they provide an opportunity to judge the performance of the air-management system in an objective way subsequent to comprehensive CFD modeling. A real-world example is given for demonstrating the use of these metrics to design a high-density data center. The analysis was designed to answer whether a fairly conventional raised-floor system could support significantly higher heat densities than was previously thought. By enclosing the cold equipment aisles, it is demonstrated that the cooling capacity can indeed be greatly increased. This should provide a welcome relief for many data centers that are currently running out of capacity due to a low raised floor.
Efficient Ex Vivo Engineering and Expansion of Highly Purified Human Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Populations for Gene Therapy (2017)

Ex vivo gene therapy based on CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) has shown promising results in clinical trials, but genetic engineering to high levels and in large scale remains challenging. We devised a sorting strategy that captures more than 90% of HSC activity in less than 10% of mobilized peripheral blood (mPB) CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, and modeled a transplantation protocol based on highly purified, genetically engineered HSCs co-infused with uncultured progenitor cells. Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> stimulation allowed near-complete transduction of HSCs with lentiviral vectors during a culture time of less than 38 hr, mitigating the negative impact of standard culture on progenitor cell function. Exploiting the pyrimidoindole derivative UM171, we show that transduced mPB CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup> cells with repopulating potential could be expanded ex vivo. Implementing these findings in clinical gene therapy protocols will improve the efficacy, safety, and sustainability of gene therapy and generate new opportunities in the field of gene editing.
Physiological endpoints in acceleration research. (1970)

Acceleration environment duplication difficulties, considering human physiological responses dependence on centrifuges performance characteristics and geometries
Fibroblast Growth Factor Homologous Factors (2014)

Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors (FHFs) are a noncanonical subset of intracellular fibroblast growth factors that have been implicated in a variety of neurobiological processes and in disease. They are most prominently regulators of voltage-gated Na(+) channels (NaVs). In this review, we discuss new insights into how FHFs modulate NaVs. This is followed by a summary of a growing body of evidence that FHFs operate in much broader fashion. Finally, we highlight unknown aspects of FHF function as areas of future interest.
A perspective of laminar-flow control (1978)

A historical review of the development of laminar flow control technology is presented with reference to active laminar boundary-layer control through suction, the use of multiple suction slots, wind-tunnel tests, continuous suction, and spanwise contamination. The ACEE laminar flow control program is outlined noting the development of three-dimensional boundary-layer codes, cruise-noise prediction techniques, airfoil development, and leading-edge region cleaning. Attention is given to glove flight tests and the fabrication and testing of wing box designs.
A high quality text-to-speech system composed of multiple neural networks (2002)

While neural networks have been employed to handle several different text-to-speech tasks, ours is the first system to use neural networks throughout, for both linguistic and acoustic processing. We divide the text-to-speech task into three subtasks, a linguistic module mapping from text to a linguistic representation, an acoustic module mapping from the linguistic representation to speech, and a video module mapping from the linguistic representation to animated images. The linguistic module employs a letter-to-sound neural network and postlexical neural network. The acoustic module employs a duration neural network and a phonetic neural network. The visual neural network is employed in parallel to the acoustic module to drive a talking head. The use of neural networks that can be retrained on the characteristics of different voices and languages affords our system a degree of adaptability and naturalness heretofore unavailable.
Electrochemical CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction to Hydrocarbons on a Heterogeneous Molecular Cu Catalyst in Aqueous Solution (2016)

Exploration of heterogeneous molecular catalysts combining the atomic-level tunability of molecular structures and the practical handling advantages of heterogeneous catalysts represents an attractive approach to developing high-performance catalysts for important and challenging chemical reactions such as electrochemical carbon dioxide reduction which holds the promise for converting emissions back to fuels utilizing renewable energy. Thus, far, efficient and selective electroreduction of CO2 to deeply reduced products such as hydrocarbons remains a big challenge. Here, we report a molecular copper-porphyrin complex (copper(II)-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,6-dihydroxyphenyl)porphyrin) that can be used as a heterogeneous electrocatalyst with high activity and selectivity for reducing CO2 to hydrocarbons in aqueous media. At -0.976 V vs the reversible hydrogen electrode, the catalyst is able to drive partial current densities of 13.2 and 8.4 mA cm(-2) for methane and ethylene production from CO2 reduction, corresponding to turnover frequencies of 4.3 and 1.8 molecules·site(-1)·s(-1) for methane and ethylene, respectively. This represents the highest catalytic activity to date for hydrocarbon production over a molecular CO2 reduction electrocatalyst. The unprecedented catalytic performance is attributed to the built-in hydroxyl groups in the porphyrin structure and the reactivity of the copper(I) metal center.
Scalable community discovery on textual data with relations (2008)

Every piece of textual data is generated as a method to convey its authors' opinion regarding specific topics. Authors deliberately organize their writings and create links, i.e., references, acknowledgments, for better expression. Thereafter, it is of interest to study texts as well as their relations to understand the underlying topics and communities. Although many efforts exist in the literature in data clustering and topic mining, they are not applicable to community discovery on large document corpus for several reasons. First, few of them consider both textual attributes as well as relations. Second, scalability remains a significant issue for large-scale datasets. Additionally, most algorithms rely on a set of initial parameters that are hard to be captured and tuned. Motivated by the aforementioned observations, a hierarchical community model is proposed in the paper which distinguishes community cores from affiliated members. We present our efforts to develop a scalable community discovery solution for large-scale document corpus. Our proposal tries to quickly identify potential cores as seeds of communities through relation analysis. To eliminate the influence of initial parameters, an innovative attribute-based core merge process is introduced so that the algorithm promises to return consistent communities regardless initial parameters. Experimental results suggest that the proposed method has high scalability to corpus size and feature dimensionality, with more than 15 topical precision improvement compared with popular clustering techniques.
A Simple and Efficient Method for the Concentration and Purification of Recombinant Retrovirus for Increased Hepatocyte Transduction <i>In Vivo</i> (1996)

Although recombinant retroviruses have been widely used for the transduction of target organs in vivo, the viral titers achieved by current production methods are often too low to achieve therapeutic levels of gene expression. To overcome this limitation, a simple method for the efficient concentration and purification of amphotropic retrovirus particles was developed. After portal vein infusion into partially hepatectomized rats of 5.5 x 10(7) cfu of a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal)-expressing retrovirus (LX/beta geo) concentrated by this method, up to 25% of hepatocytes stained positive for beta-Gal activity. Measurement of human alpha 1-antitrypsin (hAAT) levels after infusion of various doses of a similarly concentrated retrovirus encoding hAAT (LX/hAAT) demonstrated that viral transduction increased proportionally with titer, up to a dose of 7.5 x 10(7) cfu per rat. The ability to concentrate retroviral virion efficiently from large volumes of supernatant has allowed the further purification of virus particles by sucrose banding ultracentrifugation. This procedure results in a greater than 50% recovery of infectious virus particles, with titers up to 500-fold higher than in the original supernatant. These methods may have significant utility in both ex vivo and in vivo retroviral applications in human gene therapy.
Very-low-specific-resistance Pd/Ag/Au/Ti/Au alloyed ohmic contact to p GaN for high-current devices (2001)

We report on Pd/Ag/Au/Ti/Au alloyed metallic contact to p GaN. An 800 °C anneal for 1 min in flowing nitrogen ambient produces an excellent ohmic contact with a specific contact resistivity close to 1×10−6 Ω cm2 and with good stability under high current operation conditions. This high-temperature anneal forms an alloy between Ag, Au, and p GaN resulting in a highly p-doped region at the interface. Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction analysis, we confirm that the contact formation mechanism is the metal intermixing and alloying with the semiconductor.
Identification of Two Genes from <i>Streptomyces argillaceus</i> Encoding Glycosyltransferases Involved in Transfer of a Disaccharide during Biosynthesis of the Antitumor Drug Mithramycin (1998)

Mithramycin is an antitumor polyketide drug produced by Streptomyces argillaceus that contains two deoxysugar chains, a disaccharide consisting of two D-olivoses and a trisaccharide consisting of a D-olivose, a D-oliose, and a D-mycarose. From a cosmid clone (cosAR3) which confers resistance to mithramycin in streptomycetes, a 3-kb PstI-XhoI fragment was sequenced, and two divergent genes (mtmGI and mtmGII) were identified. Comparison of the deduced products of both genes with proteins in databases showed similarities with glycosyltransferases and glucuronosyltransferases from different sources, including several glycosyltransferases involved in sugar transfer during antibiotic biosynthesis. Both genes were independently inactivated by gene replacement, and the mutants generated (M3G1 and M3G2) did not produce mithramycin. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of ethyl acetate extracts of culture supernatants of both mutants showed the presence of several peaks with the characteristic spectra of mithramycin biosynthetic intermediates. Four compounds were isolated from both mutants by preparative high-performance liquid chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by physicochemical methods. The structures of these compounds were identical in both mutants, and the compounds are suggested to be glycosylated intermediates of mithramycin biosynthesis with different numbers of sugar moieties attached to C-12a-O of a tetracyclic mithramycin precursor and to C-2-O of mithramycinone: three tetracyclic intermediates containing one sugar (premithramycin A1), two sugars (premithramycin A2), or three sugars (premithramycin A3) and one tricyclic intermediate containing a trisaccharide chain (premithramycin A4). It is proposed that the glycosyltransferases encoded by mtmGI and mtmGII are responsible for forming and transferring the disaccharide during mithramycin biosynthesis. From the structures of the new metabolites, a new biosynthetic sequence regarding late steps of mithramycin biosynthesis can be suggested, a sequence which includes glycosyl transfer steps prior to the final shaping of the aglycone moiety of mithramycin.