gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chondrocyte Mitosis in the Articular Cartilage of Femoral Heads with Various Diseases (1975)

Autoradiographic studies using thymidine-3H reveal the mitosis of chondrocytes in degenerated joints, i.e. joints having secondary osteoarthritis or aseptic necrosis of the femoral head. The findings obtained provide additional support for the recent investigations regarding chondrocyte mitosis in primary osteoarthritic cartilage. Histologic and histochemical examinations suggest that a loss of glycosaminoglycans in the matrix is evidence for conversion of chondrocyte activity to mitosis which occurs, however, within the limit of "the point of irreversibility", analogous to the observations from the biochemical point of view. Biomechanical and nutritional factors are also discussed in relation to the results obtained from cartilages of the femoral heads in cases of femoral neck fracture and aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.
Label-free morphometry of retinal nerve fiber bundles by second-harmonic-generation microscopy (2012)

We present an application of second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy for label-free visualization and quantification of the morphology of nerve fibers in the retina. We show that SHG arises from the retinal nerve fiber layer and that it is specifically associated with uniformly oriented microtubules in the axons. The utility of axonal SHG is demonstrated for imaging the neuroanatomy of fresh ex vivo retina, and the three-dimensional structure of the axons of retinal ganglion cells is quantitatively analyzed.
British Society for Dermatopathology (2012)

Journal Article British Society for Dermatopathology Get access British Journal of Dermatology, Volume 167, Issue s1, 1 July 2012, Pages 100–113, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.10985.x Published: 01 July 2012
Tactile perception and its application to the design of multi-modal cutaneous feedback systems (2002)

Applications in telepresence, virtual reality and virtual environments have highlighted the need for an advanced realistic user interface to remote and virtual entities. Vision and audition have been well developed leaving touch as a key sensory parameter which is presently under-utilised. In this paper a detailed study of the present knowledge of the human sensory nervous system relating to the 'sense of touch and feeling' is undertaken. Using this knowledge of the operation of tactile nerves a multi-modal cutaneous tactile feedback glove has been designed and tested. The construction of this system which feeds back data on texture/slip motion, edges/ridges and surface contours, contact force and thermal parameters is detailed with the test results and system assessment.
Plasma viremia in macaques infected with simian immunodeficiency virus: plasma viral load early in infection predicts survival (1997)

A reliable method for the quantitation of plasma viremia in nonhuman primates infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and related viruses is described. This method is based on an established quantitative-competitive PCR format and includes a truncated control for internal assay calibration. Optimization of assay conditions has significantly improved amplification specificity, and interassay variability is comparable to that of commercially available assays for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) quantitation. This procedure was used to monitor viral loads in a group of Macaca mulatta animals that were infected with SIVsmE660 for over 2 years. Highly diverse profiles of plasma viremia were observed among animals, and high viral loads were associated with more rapid disease progression. Spearman rank correlation analyses were done for survival versus three parameters of viral load: plasma viremia, p27 core antigen, and frequency of infected peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Plasma viremia had the strongest overall correlation and was significantly (P < 0.05 to P < 0.01) associated with survival at 10 of the 13 time points examined. Plasma viremia did not correlate with survival during the primary viremia phase; however, the strength of this correlation increased with time postinfection and, remarkably, viremia levels as early as week 6 postinfection were highly predictive (P < 0.01) of relative survival. These findings are consistent with the available clinical data concerning viral load correlates early in HIV infection, and they provide further support for the view that disease outcome in lentiviral infection may be largely determined by events that occur shortly after infection.
Two-dimensional dot codes for product identification (1987)

In automated manufacturing the two-dimensional representation of product identification numbers by means of square dot codes offers a number of advantages over the use of bar codes. In this paper a method is described for the encoding of product identification numbers into square matrices of round dots on a contrasting background. It consists of an optimal source coding scheme for the encoding of identification numbers into channel message words, and a channel coding scheme offering error-detection and error-correction for random bit errors (dot corruptions). For the channel coding scheme, a special class of error-correcting codes is introduced, called {\em square-cyclic codes.} It is shown how to transform quasi-cyclic and (shortened) cyclic codes into square-cyclic codes.
Virtual testing of agile manufacturing software using 3D graphical simulation (2002)

The need to rapidly reconfigure an agile manufacturing system makes it especially difficult to test the system's control software. Although thorough testing is essential for system reliability, the time available for testing may be short. With a simulator, however, the software can be developed and tested independently from the actual workcell, while production continues or the workcell is reconfigured for the next target product. To facilitate testing of agile manufacturing software, a 3D graphical simulator has been developed at Case Western Reserve University. It permits workcell control software to be tested with a virtual workcell, which exhibits much of the behavior of the real workcell. The simulator has been extensively used in the Agile Manufacturing Project at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), and most of the actual control software was tested and debugged with it. Considerable time and effort have been saved by simulating various workcell scenarios, some of which are difficult to create in a real workcell, e.g., device failure. In this paper, the architecture of the graphical simulator is described, and a framework for virtual testing is presented. Actual errors found during virtual testing are also described.
G(olf) and Gs in rat basal ganglia: possible involvement of G(olf) in the coupling of dopamine D1 receptor with adenylyl cyclase (1993)

Using specific antibodies and cDNA probes, we have investigated, in rat basal ganglia, the distribution and the regulation of the expression of the alpha subunits of Gs and G(olf), two GTP-binding proteins (G-proteins) that stimulate adenylyl cyclase. We confirmed that G(olf) alpha is highly expressed in caudate-putamen, nucleus accumbens, and olfactory tubercle, whereas Gs alpha is less abundant in these areas than in the other brain regions. Intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid decreased dramatically the levels of G(olf) alpha protein in the striatum and the substantia nigra, and those of G(olf) alpha mRNA in the striatum. Retrograde lesions of striatonigral neurons with volkensin reduced markedly the levels of D1 dopamine (DA) binding sites, as well as those of G(olf) alpha protein and mRNA in the striatum, without altering D2 binding sites. In contrast, both types of lesions increased the levels of Gs alpha protein in the striatum and substantia nigra. Immunocytochemistry showed the presence of G(olf) alpha protein in striatal medium-sized neurons and in several other neuronal populations. These results demonstrate that striatonigral neurons contain high levels of G(olf) alpha and little, if any, Gs alpha, suggesting that the coupling of D1 receptor to adenylyl cyclase is provided by G(olf) alpha. The levels of G(olf) alpha were five- to sixfold higher in the striatum than in the substantia nigra, indicating a preferential localization of G(olf) alpha in the somatodendritic region of striatonigral neurons and providing a basis for the low efficiency of D1 receptor coupling in the substantia nigra. Six weeks after 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of DA neurons, an increase in G(olf) alpha (+53%) and Gs alpha (+64%) proteins was observed in the striatum. This increase in G(olf) alpha levels may account for the DA-activated adenylyl cyclase supersensitivity, without change in D1 receptors density, that follows destruction of DA neurons. Fine regulation of the levels of G(olf) alpha in physiological or pathological situations may be a critical parameter for the efficiency of DA neurotransmission.
Vocabulary and language model adaptation using just one speech file (2010)

This paper investigates unsupervised vocabulary and language model self-adaptation (VLA) from just one speech file using the web as a knowledge source and without prior knowledge of topic or domain beyond optional file metadata. Single-file self adaptation is regularly used for acoustic adaptation, but to date, is rarely used for VLA. The method investigated here uses a first-pass transcript or file metadata to generate web search queries for retrieving texts for adaptation. Various strategies for building queries, retrieving web texts and maximizing out-of-vocabulary (OOV) recovery while constraining vocabulary growth are examined. Significant improvements are demonstrated for transcribing and searching recorded lectures and telephone calls. The proposed method is orthogonal with acoustic adaptation and system combination and integrates well in multi-pass recognition architectures.
RC-Amplifier Resonators for Active Filters (1968)

Active filters may consist of a cascade of isolated resonators, with each resonator supplying a single pair of complexconjugate poles. This paper supplies a detailed analysis of some <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RC</tex> -amplifier resonators whose characteristics are well suited for practical filters. The calculations are facilitated by a set of sensitivity identities. One resonator, taken from the Sallen and Key catalog, is shown to have extremely low passive sensitivities: <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S_{Z}^{Q} = \pm \frac{1}{6}</tex> for all passive elements. Active <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> multiplication is used to extend the usefulness of the circuit. Analysis of the dualintegrator feedback resonator shows that it is notably insensitive to amplifier parasitics. Finally, the dual-integrator concept is realized in a resonator that uses only two amplifiers. The several resonators supply a range of useful pole- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> 's from low values to several hundred.
Microstructure-size dependence of the 1.520 μm Er3+ luminescence lifetime in Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic melt growth composites (2002)

The radiative lifetime of the I13/24 level of Er3+ was modified up to 15% by changing the microstructure in laser-floating-zone-grown Er3+-doped Al2O3–ZrO2 eutectic melt growth composites. Erbium enters only the higher-refractive-index ZrO2 phase, which occupies 30% of the volume of the sample. The lifetimes of S3/24 (545 nm) and I13/24 (1520 nm) Er3+ levels were measured at 10 K and room temperature in different microstructures. The variation in the lifetime of this last level with interphase spacing is due to the change of the available electromagnetic modes at 1520 nm due to the change in the optical environment of the luminescent ion.
The concept of a supercompiler (1986)

A supercompiler is a program transformer of a certain type. It traces the possible generalized histories of computation by the original program, and compiles an equivalent program, reducing in the process the redundancy that could be present in the original program. The nature of the redundancy that can be eliminated by supercompilation may be various, e.g., some variables might have predefined values (as in partial evaluation), or the structure of control transfer could be made more efficient (as in lazy evaluation), or it could simply be the fact that the same variable is used more than once. The general principles of supercompilation are described and compared with the usual approach to program transformation as a stepwise application of a number of equivalence rules. It is argued that the language Refal serves the needs of supercompilation best. Refal is formally defined and compared with Prolog and other languages. Examples are given of the operation of a Refal supercompiler implemented at CCNY on an IBM/370.
Zinc Borates: Functionalized Hard Nucleophiles for Coupling Reactions with Secondary Allylic Acetates (2000)

We have succeeded in developing zinc borates of the general structure 3 for coupling reaction with allylic acetates. The advantages of using compounds 3 are their compatibility with carbonyl groups such as aldehyde, ketone, and ester groups, and their high reactivity toward secondary allylic acetates. Zinc borates 3 were prepared from boronate esters 1 [RT = p-(CHO)C6H4, p-(Ac)C6H4, p-{Ac(CH2)2}C6H4, p-(AcOCH2)C6H4, p-{AcO(CH2)3}C6H4, p-{EtO2C(CH2)2}C6H4, (E)-CH=CH(CH2)4OAc] with MeZnCl; subsequent treatment with allylic acetates 4 [R = n-C5H11, c-C6H11, (CH2)2CH(−O(CH2)2O−)] in the presence of NiCl2(PPh3)2 (10 mol-%) in THF−DMI (1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone) (10 equiv.) at 40−50 °C overnight furnished the coupling products 5 in good yields. Among the products, 5bb, possessing one free and one protected aldehyde group, is a highlight of this type of reaction. The stereochemical aspects of the reaction were also examined. Thus, the alkenyl groups of (E)- and (Z)-alkenyl borates 3b and c were transformed with retention of the olefinic geometry into acetates 4a and b (R = n-C5H11, c-C6H11), while reaction of cyclic acetate 11 proceeded with inversion at the carbon center involved in the reaction. In addition, we found that the anions generated from (EtO)2P(=O)CH2CO2Et and (MeO)2P(=O)CH2Ac under Masamune’s conditions attacked the aldehyde carbon in the boronate 1d to produce — after reduction of the double bond — the boronate esters 1i and 1j, respectively, in good yields.
A Wide Tuning Range MEMS Switched Patch Antenna (2006)

This paper describes a novel wide tuning range switched MEMS patch antenna. The proposed component uses wrapped metallization, which can be pressed in contact to a silicon substrate. The antenna operates at 23.8GHz unbiased, and 12.4GHz with 150 volts applied. Matching could be maintained in both configurations, using a simple design methodology
Homing and progression patterns of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias in severe combined immunodeficiency mice (1991)

The aim of this study was to analyze the homing and progression patterns of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Upon intraperitoneal (IP) transfer, cells from relapse samples of three children with T-lineage ALL spread hematogenously and infiltrated the non-lymphoid and/or lymphoid organs with a pattern reminiscent of the human clinical disease. These mice either died or were killed in extremis at a mean of 9 weeks. Moreover, cell lines established in vitro from two of these samples manifested identical homing and progression in the SCID mouse as compared with the original patients' cells. Thus, long-term culture of the primary leukemic T cells did not alter their invasive potential and migration pattern. When engrafted IP, three cell lines established from pre-B-ALL cases displayed primarily a lymphatic spread with induction of local tumor masses and kidney/liver nodules. Mice were killed at 11 to 13 weeks, but had not developed imminently fatal leukemia. However, when transferred intravenously, one pre-B ALL cell line was able to spread hematogenously and to infiltrate both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. Overall, these data demonstrate that the SCID mouse provides an efficient and reproducible model to study the pathogenesis of childhood ALL, and may be a suitable system for evaluating therapy.
The Problems and Significance of Administrative History in the Tudor Period (1965)

During the past sixteen years “administrative history” seems to have come and gone as a term of distinction in the historical study of Tudor England. In the later 1940's there were a number of scholars newly aware of the vast wealth of government records in the English archives and enormously impressed by the achievements of the medievalists — of Tout and his school — who deplored the absence of comparable studies for the post-medieval period and, for a time, came to seek salvation in an ever more stringent and particular investigation of the processes of government. But that phase did not last long. Now it can be said by Joel Hurstfield, himself a notable contributor to that flowering of administrative history, that “we have passed beyond recall the stage when the machinery alone, however intimately understood, can answer the questions.” The study of social history is all the rage now, by which is meant the history of a given society in its various aspects and manifestations — or rather, whatever may in fact emerge from that awesome ambition. Fashions change, and nowadays they change pretty rapidly; but one need not regret that not-so-distant dawn or believe that the evening has yet come. Let it be made clear, however, what is meant, or should be meant, by administrative history. Certainly this involves the analysis and description of past administrative processes, the discovery of principles implicit or explicit in the conduct of government, and an understanding of the manner in which the theoretical mechanism operated in practice.
Geodesic flow kernel for unsupervised domain adaptation (2012)

In real-world applications of visual recognition, many factors - such as pose, illumination, or image quality - can cause a significant mismatch between the source domain on which classifiers are trained and the target domain to which those classifiers are applied. As such, the classifiers often perform poorly on the target domain. Domain adaptation techniques aim to correct the mismatch. Existing approaches have concentrated on learning feature representations that are invariant across domains, and they often do not directly exploit low-dimensional structures that are intrinsic to many vision datasets. In this paper, we propose a new kernel-based method that takes advantage of such structures. Our geodesic flow kernel models domain shift by integrating an infinite number of subspaces that characterize changes in geometric and statistical properties from the source to the target domain. Our approach is computationally advantageous, automatically inferring important algorithmic parameters without requiring extensive cross-validation or labeled data from either domain. We also introduce a metric that reliably measures the adaptability between a pair of source and target domains. For a given target domain and several source domains, the metric can be used to automatically select the optimal source domain to adapt and avoid less desirable ones. Empirical studies on standard datasets demonstrate the advantages of our approach over competing methods.
Kinetics of acetonitrile-assisted oxidation of tertiary amines by hydrogen peroxide (2001)

The rate of oxidation of tertiary amines by aqueous hydrogen peroxide is increased in the presence of acetonitrile due to the formation of a reactive intermediate. The active oxidant, presumably peroxyacetimidic acid, was quantified by a photometric method. Activation parameters of the acetonitrile-assisted and non-assisted oxidations are given in the temperature range 20 to 40 °C. The increased rate of the assisted oxidation is explained by the low enthalpy of activation although the entropy of activation is more negative due to a highly ordered transition state.
Raman Spectroscopy for NonInvasive Characterization of Ocular Tissue: Potential for Detection of Biological Molecules (1997)

The ability of Raman spectroscopy to remotely characterize ocular tissues using a rapid fibre-optic-based system was explored in this study. An argon ion laser operating at 514.5 nm and a charge-coupled-device-based Raman system were used. Raman spectra from aqueous humour specimens of rabbits and humans, as well as spectra from biological molecules obtained through fresh excised rabbit corneas, were obtained. Prominent peaks were observed which qualitatively matched the known locations of biological molecular peaks such as glucose, lactate and urea. In the rabbit aqueous humour spectra, peak positions were also observed indicative of amino acids and proteins. Raman spectra were also obtained from the rabbit lens showing peak positions indicative of amide I and III modes, sulphydryl and CH stretching modes and amino acids. This study demonstrated that it may be possible to characterize ocular tissue structures and to determine in a qualitative manner the presence of various biological molecules in aqueous humour by means of a Raman-based fibre optic instrument. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi-wavelength multi-angle reflection tomography (2018)

We have developed a reflection tomographic microscope in which the sample is reconstructed from different holograms recorded under various angles and wavelengths of incidence. We present an iterative inversion algorithm based on a rigorous modeling of the wave-sample interaction that processes all the data simultaneously to estimate the sample permittivity distribution. We show that using several wavelengths permits a significant improvement of the reconstruction, especially along the optical axis.
Synchronization and cell search algorithms in 3GPP long term evolution systems (FDD mode) (2012)

In this paper initial downlink synchronization (sync) and cell identification algorithms for the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution (LTE) systems are presented. The frequency division duplex (FDD) mode is used in the downlink radio frame structure. A user equipment digital receiver architecture is proposed. The orthogonality of signals in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) may be lost due to some impairments such as frequency, time, and phase offsets. Therefore, major parts of this research are involved in restoring the orthogonality at the user equipment (UE) by using some techniques to estimate the sync parameters, and to detect cell identity among candidate cells based on sync signals. A Farrow structure interpolator is used to compensate the fractional timing offset. Both inter site synchronous and inter site asynchronous networks are presented. Computer simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the proposed schemes with multipath Rayleigh fading channel, frequency offsets, timing offsets, and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Results show high probability of cell identification in a very short time 20 ms in both multi cell model scenarios, especially when multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique, oversampling at the UE, and high order Farrow structure interpolator are used.
Vector-based Models of Semantic Composition (2008)

This paper proposes a framework for representing the meaning of phrases and sentences in vector space. Central to our approach is vector composition which we operationalize in terms of additive and multiplicative functions. Under this framework, we introduce a wide range of composition models which we evaluate empirically on a sentence similarity task. Experimental results demonstrate that the multiplicative models are superior to the additive alternatives when compared against human judgments.