gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-distortion optimized layered coding with unequal error protection for robust Internet video (2001)

We present an effective framework for increasing the error-resilience of low bit-rate video communications over an error-prone packet-switched network. Our framework is based on the principle of layered coding with transport prioritization. We introduce a rate-distortion optimized mode-selection algorithm for our prioritized layered framework. This algorithm is based on a joint source/channel-coding approach and trades off source coding efficiency for increased bitstream error-resilience to optimize the video coding mode selection within and across layers. The algorithm considers the channel conditions, as well as the error recovery and concealment capabilities, of the channel codec and source decoder, respectively. Important framework parameters including the packetization scheme, decoder error concealment method, and channel codec error-protection strength are considered. The effects of mismatch between the parameters employed by the encoder and the actual channel conditions are considered. Results are presented for a wide range of packet loss rates in order to illustrate the benefits of the proposed framework.
The<i>in vivo</i>Effect of VIP, PACAP-38 and PACAP-27 and mRNA Expression of Their Receptors in Rat Middle Meningeal Artery (2009)

The parasympathetic nervous system is probably involved in migraine pathogenesis. Its activation releases a mixture of signalling molecules including vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), which subsequently stimulate VPAC(1), VPAC(2) and PAC(1) receptors. The objective of the present study was to investigate the in vivo effect of VIP, PACAP-27, PACAP-38, the selective VPAC(1) agonist ([Lys15, Arg16, Leu27]-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27)) and a PAC(1) agonist, maxadilan on rat middle meningeal artery (MMA) diameter using the closed cranial window model. Selective antagonists were used for further characterization of the responses. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction experiments were also conducted to determine expression of mRNA of PACAP receptors in the MMA. The results showed that VIP, PACAP-38, PACAP-27 and the VPAC(1) specific agonist evoked significant dilations with the rank order of potency; VIP = PACAP-38 > PACAP-27 = [Lys15, Arg16, Leu27]-VIP(1-7)-GRF(8-27). Significant inhibition of dilation was only observed for the VPAC(1) antagonist PG97-269 on PACAP-38-induced dilation of MMA. The VPAC(2) antagonist PG99-465 and PAC(1) antagonist PACAP(6-38) did not significantly block VIP- or PACAP-induced dilation. Expression of mRNA of all three receptors was detected in the MMA. In conclusion, the VPAC(1) receptor seems to be predominant in mediating MMA dilation. A selective VPAC(1) antagonist may be a candidate molecule in the treatment of migraine headache.
THE NATURE OF THE CHEMICAL BOND. IV. THE ENERGY OF SINGLE BONDS AND THE RELATIVE ELECTRONEGATIVITY OF ATOMS (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE NATURE OF THE CHEMICAL BOND. IV. THE ENERGY OF SINGLE BONDS AND THE RELATIVE ELECTRONEGATIVITY OF ATOMSLinus PaulingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 9, 3570–3582Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01348a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01348a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9286Altmetric-Citations1458LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Interactive Music for Instrumented Dancing Shoes (1999)

We have designed and built a pair of sneakers that each sense 16 different tactile and free-gesture parameters. These include continuous pressure at 3 points in the forward sole, dynamic pressure at the heel, bidirectional bend of the sole, height above instrumented portions of the floor, 3-axis orientation about the Earth's magnetic field, 2-axis gravitational tilt and low-G acceleration, 3-axis shock, angular rate about the vertical, and translational position via a sonar transponder. Both shoes transfer these parameters to a base station across an RF link at 50 Hz State updates. As they are powered by a local battery, there are no tethers or wires running off the shoe. A PC monitors the data streaming off both shoes and translates it into real-time interactive music. The shoe design is introduced, and the interactive music mappings that we have developed for dance performances are discussed.
Injection of Platelet-Rich Plasma in Patients with Primary and Secondary Knee Osteoarthritis (2010)

The positive trends and safety profile demonstrated could potentially be used to inspire a larger, blinded, and randomized clinical trial to determine whether platelet-rich plasma is safe and effective for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Synthesis of Benzo-fused Heterocycles by Intramolecular α-Arylation of Ketone Enolate Anions (2011)

A two-step synthesis of six-, seven-, eight-, and nine-member benzo-fused heterocycles in good to excellent yields is reported. The synthetic strategy involves the generation of a new intramolecular α-aryl ketone bond by the photostimulated S(RN)1 reaction of ketone enolate anions linked to a pendant haloarene as the key step. On the other hand, an intramolecular C(Ar)-C(Ar) coupling led to the formation of five- and six-member benzo-fused heterocycles (9H-carbazole and phenanthridine) when an aromatic amide anion is competitively formed.
A Survey of Blockchain: Techniques, Applications, and Challenges (2018)

Blockchain, as a mechanism to decentralize services, security, and verifiability, offers a peer-to-peer system in which distributed nodes collaboratively affirm transaction provenance. In particular, blockchain enforces continuous storage of transaction history, secured via digital signature, and affirmed through consensus. In this study, we consider the recent surge in blockchain interest as an alternative to traditional centralized systems, and consider the emerging applications thereof. In particular, we assess the key techniques required for blockchain implementation, offering a primer to guide research practitioners. We first outline the blockchain framework in general, and then provide a detailed review of the component data and network structures. Additionally, we consider the breadth of applications to which blockchain has been applied, broadly implicating Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data, and Cloud and Edge computing paradigms, along with many other emerging applications. Finally, we assess the various challenges to blockchain implementation for widespread practical use, considering the security vulnerabilities to majority attacks, selfish mining, and privacy leakage, as well as performance limitations of blockchain platforms in terms of scalability and availability.
High Fidelity Multi-stage Design Optimisation of Multi-stage Turbine blades using a Mid-range Approximate Method (MAM) (2010)

A new advanced optimisation algorithm has been developed for solving large-scale design optimisation problems arising in turbomachinery design. The technique provides a significant reduction in resources needed by the high-fidelity simulation tools (such as FE, CFD, Impact, and Cost analysis tools) to achieve a robust, optimum solution. The technique does not require specialised user interaction and great understanding of the optimisation techniques, hence allowing a significant reduction in designer’s time (regardless of their discipline), overall leading to a step change in the design cycle time and better products which achieve the “right first time” philosophy.
Two Distinct Regions in the 3′ Untranslated Region of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha mRNA Form Complexes with Macrophage Proteins (1996)

The production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a key proinflammatory cytokine essential for the function of the immune system, is regulated at both the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. In this report, we focus on the interaction of TNF-alpha mRNA with macrophage proteins, likely mediators of its post-transcriptional control. Mapping of murine TNF-alpha mRNA by using a combination of RNase protection and RNA gel shift assays revealed that two distinct sites within the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) engage in the formation of four major RNA-protein complexes, while no protein binding to the 5'-UTR or coding sequences was detected. The protein-binding site of three RNA-protein complexes, A, B, and C, is positioned between bases 1291 and 1320 inside the AU-rich sequence, a region previously shown to be crucial for both translational repression and lipopolysaccharide inducibility of TNF-alpha. An additional protein complex (complex D) whose binding to the TNF-alpha 3'-UTR was independent of the presence of AU-rich sequences was identified. At least six protein species with apparent molecular masses of 48, 52, 54, 81, 101, and 150 kDa are in direct contact with TNF-alpha mRNA. The RNA-binding proteins are differentially distributed in the cell: complexes A and D are present predominantly in the cytosol, while complexes B and C are found in the nucleus and associated with particulate cytoplasmic fractions. Cytosolic complex A displays comparatively high specificity for TNF-alpha mRNA, while the binding of complexes B and C to TNF-alpha mRNA is readily competed for by other AU-rich sequence-containing RNAs. In summary, these findings demonstrate that two regions of the TNF-alpha mRNA molecule interact with macrophage RNA-binding protein complexes that differ in their core protein composition, cellular distribution, and affinity to TNF-alpha mRNA.
Iris Matching Based on Personalized Weight Map (2010)

Iris recognition typically involves three steps, namely, iris image preprocessing, feature extraction, and feature matching. The first two steps of iris recognition have been well studied, but the last step is less addressed. Each human iris has its unique visual pattern and local image features also vary from region to region, which leads to significant differences in robustness and distinctiveness among the feature codes derived from different iris regions. However, most state-of-the-art iris recognition methods use a uniform matching strategy, where features extracted from different regions of the same person or the same region for different individuals are considered to be equally important. This paper proposes a personalized iris matching strategy using a class-specific weight map learned from the training images of the same iris class. The weight map can be updated online during the iris recognition procedure when the successfully recognized iris images are regarded as the new training data. The weight map reflects the robustness of an encoding algorithm on different iris regions by assigning an appropriate weight to each feature code for iris matching. Such a weight map trained by sufficient iris templates is convergent and robust against various noise. Extensive and comprehensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed personalized iris matching strategy achieves much better iris recognition performance than uniform strategies, especially for poor quality iris images.
Cationized bovine serum albumin with pendant RGD groups forms efficient biocoatings for cell adhesion (2011)

Cationized bovine serum albumin (cBSA-147) has been modified by attaching the cyclic pentapeptide cRGDfK to its surface through linkers of different length. Coatings of these bioconjugates on glass surfaces were studied for their ability to stimulate cell adhesion. These chemically modified albumins combine a high number of positive charges which facilitate the initial cell adhesion to the surface with multiple Arg-Gly-Asp groups which enable focal adhesion of fibroblast cells by specific interactions with cell-surface receptors. The biocoatings are easily prepared within a few minutes by simple incubation from a dilute solution of the modified albumin. This constitutes a convenient approach for preparing surfaces for cell adhesion. Excellent focal adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells on the biocoatings was observed. About 75% of the seeded cells attached to the cRGDfK-cBSA-147 coated surfaces, and 97% of them underwent focal adhesion. Adhering cells were able to grow and proliferate on the coated surfaces, confirming the outstanding biocompatibility of these biocoatings.
Magnetic Properties of Compressed Powdered Iron (1921)

This paper describes a new magnetic material which is peculiarly suited to the construction of cores in small inductance coils and transformers such as are used in a telephone plant. The requirements which were to be met involved a core material which should have a constant permeability, a small hysteresis loss, and a small eddy current loss within the range of magnetizing forces and frequencies which are met in telephonic operation. The material which was developed to meet these requirements is formed by fine grains of powdered iron, insulated and compressed. There is described the circumstances and experiments which led to this development and also the method of commercial production. Tables and curves are given showing the magnetic, electrical, and mechanical properties of the material.
Wrought and P/M Superalloys (1990)

Abstract This article focuses on the properties of conventional wrought superalloys based on nickel, iron, and cobalt, as well as on the properties of alloys produced from powder. The powder metallurgy (P/M) category includes alloys that were originally developed as casting alloys; new alloy compositions developed specifically to benefit from powder processing; and oxide dispersion strengthened alloys (particularly those produced by mechanical alloying). The article discusses some of the applications of superalloys and emphazises the interplay between chemical composition, microstructure, consolidation method, mechanical properties and surface stability of wrought nickel alloys. Vacuum melting processes are a necessity for many nickel- and iron-nickel-base alloys because of the presence of aluminum and titanium as solutes. Cobalt-base alloys do not usually contain these elements and may be melted in air. An appendix to this article presents the property data and corresponding information on a family of cobalt-chromium-tungsten-carbon alloys that use P/M processing.
UK to the Rescue (2011)

Australia's amphibious warfare capabilities face a major shortfall with the decision to pay off HMAS Manoora but London may provide a cost-effective gap filler.
Bead diffusion assay for discovering antimicrobial cyclic peptides (2010)

A combinatorial library of 15,536 cyclic decapeptide analogues of tyrocidine A and gramicidin S was prepared on photocleavable TentaGel beads. The beads were photolyzed without solvent, and spread onto an agar plate inoculated with bacterial lawn. Clear zones were formed around beads carrying antimicrobially active peptides such as E18 c(kVOrnLfThiYOrnLq), which inhibited growth of B. subtilis and selected MRSA strains.
Heat-Labile- and Heat-Stable-Toxoid Fusions (LT <sub>R192G</sub> -STa <sub>P13F</sub> ) of Human Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Elicit Neutralizing Antitoxin Antibodies (2011)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) strains are a major cause of diarrheal disease in humans and animals. Adhesins and enterotoxins, including heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa) toxins, are the key virulence factors. Antigenic adhesin and LT antigens have been used in developing vaccines against ETEC diarrhea. However, STa has not been included because of its poor immunogenicity and potent toxicity. Our recent study showed that porcine-type STa toxoids became immunogenic and elicited neutralizing anti-STa antibodies after being genetically fused to a full-length porcine-type LT toxoid, LT(R₁₉₂G) (W. Zhang et al., Infect. Immun. 78:316-325, 2010). In this study, we mutated human-type LT and STa genes, which are highly homologous to porcine-type toxin genes, for a full-length LT toxoid (LT(R₁₉₂)) and a full-length STa toxoid (STa(P₁₃F)) and genetically fused them to produce LT₁₉₂-STa₁₃ toxoid fusions. Mice immunized with LT₁₉₂-STa₁₃ fusion antigens developed anti-LT and anti-STa IgG (in serum and feces) and IgA antibodies (in feces). Moreover, secretory IgA antibodies from immunized mice were shown to neutralize STa and cholera toxins in T-84 cells. In addition, we fused the STa₁₃ toxoid at the N terminus and C terminus, between the A1 and A2 peptides, and between the A and B subunits of LT₁₉₂ to obtain different fusions in order to explore strategies for enhancing STa immunogenicity. This study demonstrated that human-type LT₁₉₂-STa₁₃ fusions induce neutralizing antitoxin antibodies and provided important information for developing toxoid vaccines against human ETEC diarrhea.
Numbers of scintillation photons produced in NaI(Tl) and plastic scintillator by gamma-rays (1993)

The W/sub S/-value, which is defined as an average energy expended per scintillation photon, is determined to be 17.2+or-0.40 eV for a NaI(Tl) phosphor and 60.8+or-4.3 eV for a plastic scintillator (NE-102A). These are obtained from the numbers of photoelectrons measured with several combinations of a photomultiplier tube and a NaI(Tl) or a NE-102A scintillator. The number of photoelectrons, which are measured by the photomultiplier tube as a vacuum photodiode, are converted to the number of scintillation photons by using an averaged quantum efficiency of each photomultiplier photocathode and a calculated collection efficiency of the scintillation photons at the photocathode. The above values do not include the uncertainties due to the unknown exact emission spectra and the photomultiplier response curves.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Representation and coding of images using wavelets (1996)

... algorithms for finding the best basis from the libraries. Using these algorithms to select the best tree-structured representation with a rate-distortion cost function gives very efficient adaptive compression schemes that are competitive with the best training-based schemes.
Management and service-aware networking architectures (MANA) for future Internet &#x2014; Position paper: System functions, capabilities and requirements (2009)

Future Internet (FI) research and development threads have recently been gaining momentum all over the world and as such the international race to create a new generation Internet is in full swing: GENI, Asia Future Internet, Future Internet Forum Korea, European Union Future Internet Assembly (FIA). This is a position paper identifying the research orientation with a time horizon of 10 years, together with the key challenges for the capabilities in the Management and Service-aware Networking Architectures (MANA) part of the Future Internet (FI) allowing for parallel and federated Internet(s).
Missing data in spatiotemporal datasets: the <scp>UK</scp> rainfall chemistry network (2015)

Rainfall chemistry networks inevitably report some missing data, caused by contamination or loss of samples. However, there are no universally accepted rules about how such data, particularly from samples contaminated in the field, are identified and reported, leading to uncertainties in data usage by third parties, and possible incorrect inferences based on the reported data. This paper describes how the UK rainfall chemistry network data have been analysed for contamination, and how missing values can be estimated based on cross‐correlations in time and space, using data from 20 sites over 26 years. The final flagged dataset is available through the CEH Environmental Information Data Centre ( EIDC ). Erroneous data values are identified through consideration of ion balance (internal consistency), and evidence of contamination by birds or windblown dust based on the reported chemical analysis. Overall data capture with the erroneous data excluded and no replacement of missing data was 86%, but with much smaller data capture at some sites in some years, to <30% in some cases. The use of estimated data to replace missing values resulted in an increase in overall data capture to 96%, with only one site having data capture <70% in an individual year, and all sites achieving a data capture of 88% or more over the full period. The implications of using the reported ‘official’ annual data, as opposed to the dataset with missing values replaced by estimates, are illustrated by consideration of the temporal trend in nitrate at one site, which shows twice the value in the ‘official’ reported annual data compared with the ‘estimated’ data, part of a consistent pattern across all sites. Use of the uncorrected ‘raw’ sample data leads to large errors.
Glycated hemoglobin for the diagnosis of diabetes and prediabetes: Diagnostic impact on obese and lean subjects, and phenotypic characterization (2014)

The agreement between HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose and 2-h glucose post-OGTT for the diagnosis of prediabetes was poor in our Italian population; whereas HbA1c ≥6.5% showed a relatively good agreement with OGTT for the diagnosis of diabetes. For the first time, we have shown that obesity class influences the diagnostic performance of HbA1c.
Dual port static RAM testing (2003)

The basics are presented of a test methodology used for dual-port static RAMs (random-access memories). The fundamental problem in testing dual-port static RAMs is how to address the entire array from both sides individually. Any memory tester with dual pattern generators and dual timing systems would suffice, but most existing memory testers were designed and built before dual-port static RAMs were introduced, and offer no such solution. The following three methods have been proposed, and the advantages and disadvantages of each one explored. They are: same address, both ports; complement address; and separation of ports.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Model Macroion Solution Next to a Charged Wall:  Overcharging, Charge Reversal, and Charge Inversion by Macroions (2004)

We study the inhomogeneous primitive model macroion solution next to a charged wall, through an integral equations theory. We report a new class of overcharging, which refers to the adsorption of an effective charge onto a like-charged wall. In addition, macroions produce surface charge reversal, charge inversion, and layering. The role of electrostatic and excluded volume correlations, on these effects, is discussed. It is argued that electrostatic and the steric repulsive interactions give rise to depletion forces which produce macroion adsorption, even if the wall or the macroparticle are uncharged or if the wall and macroions are like charged. By consideration of two limit cases of the inhomogeneous primitive model, the role of the small ion and macroion short-range correlations is separately examined. Across the paper, the agreement is discussed of our results with computer simulations and with experimental results.