gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trends in Cyclopentadienyl−Main-Group-Metal Bonding (2003)

In contrast to transition metals (TMs), main-group metals (MMs) show a bewildering variety of bonding arrangements to cyclopentadienyl (Cp) groups, including electron-precise, electron-excess, and electron-deficient structures. From a theoretical examination of a large number of representative species, and a comparison with experimental structures, we have deduced three factors which combine to produce this variety. (1) The drive toward electron-precise structures is caused by the preference for electronic saturation (8e rule, similar to the TM 18e rule). (2) A high degree of ionicity leads (if space permits) to increased hapticity and hence to excess-electron structures; this is seen in complexes of Li, Na, Mg, and Al and, to a lesser extent, Pb and Bi. (3) The metal ns orbital has a preference for forming σ-bound structures. Thus, heavy involvement of this orbital in the bonding leads to a preference for σ-bound structures, even if these are electron-deficient. This last factor, in particular, leads to the paradoxical situation that adding a donor can increase the hapticity of the system. An examination of the slippage curves for a large number of systems shows that Cp−MM interactions are generally much “softer” than the corresponding Cp−TM interactions, leading to easy accessibility of a wide range of geometrical arrangements for many compounds. For intermediate-hapticity structures, valence-bond calculations indicate that the general preference for η2 over η3 structures is primarily due to ionic and σ bond interactions, the latter having a better orbital size match in the η2 situation.
Improvement in the Channel Performance and NBTI of SiC-MOSFETs by Oxygen Doping (2019)

We demonstrate a Si-face 4H-SiC MOSFET with oxygen (O) doping in the channel region for the first time. Compared with a conventional device, the O-doped channel was found to provide lower channel resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</inf> ) and higher threshold voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> ), which is expected from the fact that O acts as a deep level donor in 4H-SiC. By applying this novel technique to vertical 4H-SiC MOSFETs, 32 % reduction of specific on resistance (R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> ) at a high V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> of 4.5 V was achieved. In order to evaluate gate oxide reliability, negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) of V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> was investigated. The O-doped channel shows a smaller V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> shift, and its acceleration coefficient of the time to V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</inf> shift is similar to that of a conventional one. Therefore, the O-doped channel is found to be a promising approach to further improve NBTI of 4H-SiC MOSFETs by channel engineering using deep level donors.
The Role of Metabolism in the Antioxidant Function of Vitamin E (1993)

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol), the principal chain-breaking antioxidant in biological membranes, prevents toxicant- and carcinogen-induced oxidative damage by trapping reactive oxyradicals. Although alpha-tocopherol antioxidant reactions appear to be not under direct metabolic control, alpha-tocopherol may function through redox cycles, which deliver reducing equivalents for antioxidant reactions and link antioxidant function to cellular metabolism. This review describes the antioxidant chemistry of alpha-tocopherol and evaluates the experimental evidence for the linkage of alpha-tocopherol turnover to cellular metabolism through redox cycles. Numerous in vitro experiments demonstrate antioxidant synergism between alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate, reduced glutathione, NADPH, and cellular electron transport proteins. Nevertheless, evidence that a one-electron redox cycle regenerates alpha-tocopherol from the tocopheroxyl radical is inconclusive. The difficulty of separating tocopheroxyl recycling from direct antioxidant actions of other antioxidants has complicated interpretation of the available data. A two-electron redox cycle involving alpha-tocopherol oxidation to 8a-substituted tocopherones followed by tocopherone reduction to alpha-tocopherol may occur, but would require enzymatic catalysis in vivo. Metabolism of antioxidant-inactive alpha-tocopheryl esters releases alpha-tocopherol, whereas reductive metabolism of alpha-tocopherylquinone, an alpha-tocopherol oxidation product, yields alpha-tocopherylhydroquinone, which also may provide antioxidant protection.
Protein 1 is a Secretory Protein of the Respiratory and Urogenital Tracts Identical to the Clara Cell Protein (1992)

Journal Article Protein 1 is a Secretory Protein of the Respiratory and Urogenital Tracts Identical to the Clara Cell Protein Get access A Bernard, A Bernard Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar H Roels, H Roels Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Lauwerys, R Lauwerys Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar R Witters, R Witters Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C Gielens, C Gielens Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar A Soumillion, A Soumillion Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar J Van Damme, J Van Damme Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M De Ley M De Ley Unit of Industrial Toxicol. and Occupational Med., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 3, 1 March 1992, Pages 434–435, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/38.3.434a Published: 01 March 1992
QoS-based service selection for multiple requests with different classes (2012)

As the rapid development of web service, there are more and more services that have similar functional implementations appear on the converged network. Therefore the web service selection technologies help users selecting their services based on users' non-functional requirements. However, present works are lack of considering the situations that multiple user requests for the same functional service, not to mention users with different classes/priorities. This paper aims at helping multi-users to select their services from use's perspective and finding a global optimal solution. Comparing with existing service selection technologies, our approach has three advantages: 1) It classifies a service's QoS into four types and normalizes these QoS attributes on various dimensions with different metrics and scales. 2) In order to determine how well a service satisfies a user's requirements, it gives the satisfaction calculating functions based on prospect theory, which is good at reflecting the fluctuation of user feeling. 3) It uses bipartite graph to solve service selection for multi-users scenario. Besides, users' different classes/priorities are also taken into account in satisfaction calculations.
DNA Methylation, Isocitrate Dehydrogenase Mutation, and Survival in Glioma (2010)

The homogeneity of methylation classes for gliomas with IDH mutation, despite their histological diversity, suggests that IDH mutation is associated with a distinct DNA methylation phenotype and an altered metabolic profile in glioma.
Magnetic heat pump feasibility assessment (1984)

A study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of using magnetic heat pumps in high temperature (to 500 K) industrial applications. The heat pumps were very attractive from a technical viewpoint, but not yet economically feasible. There is good potential for achieving cost reductions necessary to realize economic feasibility. Superconducting magnets, cryogenic cooling for the superconducting magnets, and working materials are the major cost items. Computer simulations were used to quantify magnetic heat pump performance, and theoretical working material properties were used. Further work will include laboratory determination of material properties and verification of heat pump performance.
Electrochemically assisted photocatalysis using nanocrystalline semiconductor thin films (1995)

The principle and usefulness of electrochemically assisted photocatalysis has been illustrated with the examples of 4-chlorophenol and Acid Orange 7 degradation in aqueous solutions. Thin nanocrystaliine semiconductor films coated on a conducting glass surface when employed as a photoelectrode in an electrochemical cell are effective for degradation of organic contaminants. The degradation rate can be greatly improved even in the absence of oxygen by applying an anodic bias to the TiO2 film electrodes. A ten-fold enhancement in the degradation rate was observed when TiO2 particles were coupled with SnO2 nanocrystallites at an applied bias potential of 0.83 V versus SCE.
Automatic Unit for Thinning Transmission Electron Microscopy Specimens of Metals (1966)

A specimen holder and a polishing unit with an automatic shutoff were designed for thinning disks taken from preselected areas of large metallic specimens or from specimens with small cross sectional areas. Since the disk precisely fits the specimen holder of the microscope, a supporting grid is unnecessary and deformation from cutting and handling after thinning is eliminated. The automatic shutoff device greatly improves conditions for transmission by stopping the polishing current at the optimum time.
Monoclonal antibody specific for the mutant PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin and its application in an ELISA procedure for identification of PiZ gene carriers. (1984)

The PiZ genetic variant of alpha 1-antitrypsin in its homozygous form is associated with an increased risk for chronic lung and liver disease. About 5% of the population are carriers of one PiZ deficiency gene resulting in intermediate levels of plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin (PiMZ, PiSZ, PiPZ). We report the preparation of a hybridoma cell line, ATZ 11, produced by fusion of spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a purified liver PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin and Sp 2/0 Ag 14 mouse myeloma cells. ATZ 11 produces monoclonal antibodies (IgG1 kappa) specifically interacting with PiZ alpha 1-antitrypsin. These antibodies were used in an ELISA procedure permitting easy and accurate identification of PiZ gene carriers. The method is especially well-suited for studying large population samples concerning the putative relationship between intermediate alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency and disease.
28.3: A High‐Resolution Full Color TFT‐LCD on Transparent Plastic (2003)

Abstract We developed a 93 DPI full color TFT‐LCD (2.2 inch) on transparent plastic (PES) using hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin film transistor (a‐Si:H TFT). The low temperature process (<150) and the island formation of inorganic layers give a stress‐free AMLCD on PES.
Genetic lesions and perturbation of chromatin architecture: A road to cell transformation (2001)

Differential gene expression is a rigorously precise procedure that defines the developmental program of cells, tissues, organs, and of the entire organism. The correct execution of this program requires the participation of multiple and complex groups of regulators. In addition to transcription factors, which are key tools in ontogenesis by providing sequential switch of different genes, the structure of the chromatin is a dominant determinant leading to gene expression. Through the novel and insightful work of several investigators, it appears that the architecture of the chromatin spanning the genes can and does influence the efficiency of RNA transcription, and therefore of gene expression. Several new enzymatic complexes have been identified that reversibly modify the chromatin architecture by methylation, phosphorylation, and acetylation of the nucleosomal core proteins. These enzymes are crucial for the proper balance and maintenance of gene expression, and are often the target of mutations and alterations in human cancer. Here, we review briefly the current models proposing how some of these enzymes normally modify the chromatin structure and how their functional disruption leads to inappropriate gene expression and cell transformation.
Bisamine Complexes of Boronium Ions. The Reaction of Amine Boranes with Iodine (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBisamine Complexes of Boronium Ions. The Reaction of Amine Boranes with IodineJames E. DouglassCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 24, 5431–5433Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01078a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01078a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views152Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lateral n-channel inversion mode 4H-SiC MOSFETs (1998)

Advances in MOS devices on silicon carbide (SiC) have been greatly hampered by the low inversion layer mobilities. In this paper, the electrical characteristics of lateral n-channel MOSFETs fabricated on 4H-SiC are reported for the first time. Inversion layer electron mobilities of 165 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s in 4H-SiC MOSFETs were measured at room temperature. These MOSFETs were fabricated using a low temperature deposited oxide, with subsequent oxidation anneal, as the gate dielectric.
Assessment and Treatment of Patients With Type 2 Myocardial Infarction and Acute Nonischemic Myocardial Injury (2019)

Although coronary thrombus overlying a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque has long been considered the hallmark and the primary therapeutic target for acute myocardial infarction (MI), multiple other mechanisms are now known to cause or contribute to MI. It is further recognized that an MI is just one of many types of acute myocardial injury. The Fourth Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction provides a taxonomy for acute myocardial injury, including 5 subtypes of MI and nonischemic myocardial injury. The diagnosis of MI is reserved for patients with myocardial ischemia as the cause of myocardial injury, whether attributable to acute atherothrombosis (type 1 MI) or supply/demand mismatch without acute atherothrombosis (type 2 MI). Myocardial injury in the absence of ischemia is categorized as acute or chronic nonischemic myocardial injury. However, optimal evaluation and treatment strategies for these etiologically distinct diagnoses have yet to be defined. Herein, we review the epidemiology, risk factor associations, and diagnostic tools that may assist in differentiating between nonischemic myocardial injury, type 1 MI, and type 2 MI. We identify limitations, review new research, and propose a framework for the diagnostic and therapeutic approach for patients who have suspected MI or other causes of myocardial injury.
CellSort: a support vector machine tool for optimizing fluorescence-activated cell sorting and reducing experimental effort (2016)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Simple Black-Box Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networks (2017)

Deep neural networks are powerful and popular learning models that achieve state-of-the-art pattern recognition performance on many computer vision, speech, and language processing tasks. However, these networks have also been shown susceptible to crafted adversarial perturbations which force misclassification of the inputs. Adversarial examples enable adversaries to subvert the expected system behavior leading to undesired consequences and could pose a security risk when these systems are deployed in the real world. In this work, we focus on deep convolutional neural networks and demonstrate that adversaries can easily craft adversarial examples even without any internal knowledge of the target network. Our attacks treat the network as an oracle (black-box) and only assume that the output of the network can be observed on the probed inputs. Our attacks utilize a novel local-search based technique to construct numerical approximation to the network gradient, which is then carefully used to construct a small set of pixels in an image to perturb. We demonstrate how this underlying idea can be adapted to achieve several strong notions of misclassification. The simplicity and effectiveness of our proposed schemes mean that they could serve as a litmus test for designing robust networks.
An EEG-Based BCI System for 2-D Cursor Control by Combining Mu/Beta Rhythm and P300 Potential (2010)

Two-dimensional cursor control is an important and challenging issue in EEG-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). To address this issue, here we propose a new approach by combining two brain signals including Mu/Beta rhythm during motor imagery and P300 potential. In particular, a motor imagery detection mechanism and a P300 potential detection mechanism are devised and integrated such that the user is able to use the two signals to control, respectively, simultaneously, and independently, the horizontal and the vertical movements of the cursor in a specially designed graphic user interface. A real-time BCI system based on this approach is implemented and evaluated through an online experiment involving six subjects performing 2-D control tasks. The results attest to the efficacy of obtaining two independent control signals by the proposed approach. Furthermore, the results show that the system has merit compared with prior systems: it allows cursor movement between arbitrary positions.
Asymmetric NH Insertion Reaction Cooperatively Catalyzed by Rhodium and Chiral Spiro Phosphoric Acids (2011)

So near so SPA: Achiral dirhodium(II) carboxylates and chiral spiro phosphoric acids (SPA) cooperatively catalyzed asymmetric NH insertion reactions with high enantioselectivity, high yields, and fast reaction rates at low catalyst loading (see scheme; Boc=tert-butyloxycarbonyl, TPA=triphenylacetyl). Chiral spiro phosphoric acid assisted asymmetric proton transfer is proposed as the chiral induction step.
Current Progress in the Development of HIV Vaccines (2006)

The greatest hope for controlling the expanding HIV epidemic is the development of a preventive HIV vaccine. Despite almost twenty years of effort, the search for an effective HIV vaccine continues at the present time. Advances in the understanding of HIV immunopathogenesis, and especially viral immune evasion mechanisms, have provided important insights into HIV vaccine design. HIV vaccine approaches based solely on recombinant monomeric envelope glycoproteins have failed dramatically and have been discarded. Modern vector technologies with the potential for generating protective cellular immune responses against HIV are undergoing intensive evaluation in clinical trials. Adenoviral vector systems appear to be very promising for this purpose, while the ability of poxvirus-based regimens to elicit potent HIV-specific cellular immune responses in humans is less certain. A number of novel live vector-based approaches are in development. This review presents the current state of the HIV vaccine field, with an emphasis on those vaccines that are in clinical trials or in an advanced stage of preclinical testing. The HIV vaccine field is a very active and challenging one that will continue to push forward our understanding of basic immunology and drive the development of new vaccine technologies. New breakthroughs in methods to generate effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV are urgently needed.
Bactericidal Efficacy of Vital-Oxide<sup>®</sup>, Disinfectant Solution Against Salmonella Typhimurium and Brucella Ovis (2012)

살모넬라와 부루셀라는 가축에 심각한 질병을 유발하며, 축산업과 식품산업에 많은 경제적 손실을 초래하고 있다. 본 연구에서는, 이산화염소와 베타인 염산염을 주성분으로 한 소독제 바이탈옥사이드의 <TEX>$Salmonella$</TEX> <TEX>$typhimurium$</TEX>과 <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> <TEX>$ovis$</TEX>에 대한 효력시험을 수행하였다. 배지희석법을 이용한 살균효력시험은 <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX>에서 30분 동안 시험 세균을 희석 소독제에 노출시켜 소독제의 가장 효과적인 낮은 희석배수를 결정하는 시험이다. 바이탈옥사이드와 시험 세균들을 처리조건에 따라 증류수, 경수, 그리고 유기물 등으로 희석하여 반응을 시켰다. 유기물 조건에서, <TEX>$Salmonella$</TEX> <TEX>$typhimurium$</TEX>과 <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> <TEX>$ovis$</TEX>에 대한 바이탈옥사이드의 살균력은 경수조건에서의 살균력과 비교하여 낮게 나타났는데, 이는 유기물들에 의한 소독제의 살균 유효성분에 대한 저해작용에 따른 것으로 생각된다. 바이탈옥사이드는 <TEX>$Salmonella$</TEX> <TEX>$typhimurium$</TEX>과 <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> <TEX>$ovis$</TEX>와 같은 가축병원성 질병들에 대해 살균효과를 갖고 있기 때문에, 이 소독제는 세균성 질병의 확산을 제어하는데 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. <TEX>$Salmonella$</TEX> spp. and <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> spp. have caused a considerable disease of farmed animals and economic loss in animal farming and food industry. In this study, the disinfection efficacy of Vital-<TEX>$Oxidel^{(R)}$</TEX>, a commercial disinfectant, composed to chlorine dioxide, betaine hydrochloride, and propylene glycol was evaluated against <TEX>$S.$</TEX> <TEX>$typhimurium$</TEX> and <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> <TEX>$ovis$</TEX>. A bactericidal efficacy test by broth dilution method was used to determine the lowest effective dilution of the disinfectant following exposure to test bacteria for 30 min at <TEX>$4^{\circ}C$</TEX>. Vital-<TEX>$Oixdel^{(R)}$</TEX> and test bacteria were diluted with distilled water (DW), hard water (HW) or organic matter suspension (OM) according to treatment condition. On OM condition, the bactericidal activity of Vital-<TEX>$Oixdel^{(R)}$</TEX> against S. typhimurium and Brucella ovis was lowered compared to that on HW condition. As Vital-<TEX>$Oxidel^{(R)}$</TEX> possesses bactericidal efficacy against animal pathogenic bacteria such as <TEX>$S.$</TEX> <TEX>$typhimurium$</TEX> and <TEX>$Brucella$</TEX> <TEX>$ovis$</TEX>, this disinfectant solution can be used to control the spread of bacterial diseases.