gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allergic Models and Cytokines (1994)

Cytokines are proinflammatory protein mediators produced by many cells, including mast cells, T lymphocytes, eosinophils, airway epithelial cells, and macrophages. There are numerous in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies showing that cytokines are released as a result of allergic reactions. Cytokines mediate allergic inflammation by activating eosinophils, promoting mast cell development, regulating immunoglobulin isotype switching to immunoglobulin E, modulating adhesion molecule regulation, and promoting both neutrophil and eosinophil chemotaxis. Furthermore, there are data that show the pro-inflammatory effects of cytokines may be blocked by cytokine antagonists. This report reviews the in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies of allergic models of cytokine production and regulation. It also discusses the specific roles of cytokines in the allergic inflammatory response and asthma.
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced Adenocarcinoma of the Pancreas (2010)

SBRT is feasible, with minimal grade ≥3 toxicity. The overall FFLP rate for all patients was 64.8%, comparable to rates with external beam radiotherapy. This shorter treatment course can be delivered without delay in adjuvant systemic therapy.
Correspondence between hair cortisol concentrations and 30-day integrated daily salivary and weekly urinary cortisol measures (2016)

Characterization of cortisol production, regulation and function is of considerable interest and relevance given its ubiquitous role in virtually all aspects of physiology, health and disease risk. The quantification of cortisol concentration in hair has been proposed as a promising approach for the retrospective assessment of integrated, long-term cortisol production. However, human research is still needed to directly test and validate current assumptions about which aspects of cortisol production and regulation are reflected in hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). Here, we report findings from a validation study in a sample of 17 healthy adults (mean±SD age: 34±8.6 yrs). To determine the extent to which HCC captures cumulative cortisol production, we examined the correspondence of HCC, obtained from the first 1cm scalp-near hair segment, assumed to retrospectively reflect 1-month integrated cortisol secretion, with 30-day average salivary cortisol area-under-the curve (AUC) based on 3 samples collected per day (on awakening, +30min, at bedtime) and the average of 4 weekly 24-h urinary free cortisol (UFC) assessments. To further address which aspects of cortisol production and regulation are best reflected in the HCC measure, we also examined components of the salivary measures that represent: (1) production in response to the challenge of awakening (using the cortisol awakening response [CAR]), and (2) chronobiological regulation of cortisol production (using diurnal slope). Finally, we evaluated the test-retest stability of each cortisol measure. Results indicate that HCC was most strongly associated with the prior 30-day integrated cortisol production measure (average salivary cortisol AUC) (r=0.61, p=0.01). There were no significant associations between HCC and the 30-day summary measures using CAR or diurnal slope. The relationship between 1-month integrated 24-h UFC and HCC did not reach statistical significance (r=0.30, p=0.28). Lastly, of all cortisol measures, test-retest correlations of serial measures were highest for HCC (month-to-month: r=0.84, p<0.001), followed by 24-h UFC (week-to-week: r's between 0.59 and 0.68, ps<0.05) and then integrated salivary cortisol concentrations (week-to-week: r's between 0.38 and 0.61, p's between 0.13 and 0.01). These findings support the contention that HCC provides a reliable estimate of long-term integrated free cortisol production that is aligned with integrated salivary cortisol production measured over a corresponding one-month period.
BiCMOS circuitry: the best of both worlds (1989)

The growing use of BiCMOS circuits, which benefit from the combination of low CMOS power consumption and high bipolar speed, is examined. The tradeoffs that BiCMOS circuits entail and the drawbacks that have hindered their wide adoption, especially for digital applications, are discussed. The growing opportunity for BiCMOS, as CMOS ICs have become more complicated and the benefits of scaling them less pronounced and harder to realize, is noted. The three basic reasons for using BiCMOS, namely, analog compatibility, increased performance, and reduced system costs, are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selection and activation of Escherichia coli strains for L-aspartic acid biosynthesis. (2007)

The strain of Escherichia coli K-12 with high aspartase activity was irradiated with UV. After mutagenesis and selection, the mutant B-715 was isolated which was 4-times more active in L-aspartic acid biosynthesis than parental K-12 strain. The highest productivity was achieved while the strain was cultivated in the ammonium fumarate medium in 37 degrees C for 18-30 hours. It was found that better results were obtained when before the main production step of biosynthesis of L-aspartic acid, the cells of E. coli B-715 were incubated in the activation medium with ammonium fumarate. Activation at 37 degrees C was the most advisable for high efficiency of L-aspartic acid biosynthesis. The productivity of E. coli B-715 during 1 hour biosynthesis process was at the range 0.19-0.35 g of L-aspartic acid per 1 gram of dry mass (biomass) per minute.
Finite element simulation of stress intensity factors in elastic-plastic crack growth (2006)

A finite element program developed elastic-plastic crack propagation simulation using Fortran language. At each propagation step, the adaptive mesh is automatically refined based on a posteriori h-type refinement using norm stress error estimator. A rosette of quarter-point elements is then constructed around the crack tip to facilitate the prediction of crack growth based on the maximum normal stress criterion and to calculate stress intensity factors under plane stress and plane strain conditions. Crack was modelled to propagate through the inter-element in the mesh. Some examples are presented to show the results of the implementation.
Inhibitory Action and Its Mechanism of Garlic Oil Combined with Resveratrol on Human Gastric Cancer Cell (2006)

To explore the inhibitory action of garlic oil combined with resveratrol on human gastric cancer cell line MGC-803.The inhibition rate of cell proliferation was measured by MTT,cell cycle was analysed by flow cytometry,and the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2,c-myc and hTERT gene were determined by RT-PCR method.The results showed that garlic oil combined with resveratrol inhibited the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell markedly and their synergistic effect could be observed.The cell cycle was blocked to G_(0)/G_(1).The mRNA levels of Bcl-2,c-myc and hTERT gene decreased significantly compared with the control group.It is suggested that garlic oil combined with the resveratrol could obviously inhibite the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line MGC-803 and displaye the synergistic effect,which may be involved in decreasing the expressions of Bcl-2,c-myc and hTERT gene.
Lysozyme transgenic goats’ milk positively impacts intestinal cytokine expression and morphology (2011)

In addition to its well-recognized antimicrobial properties, lysozyme can also modulate the inflammatory response. This ability may be particularly important in the gastrointestinal tract where inappropriate inflammatory reactions can damage the intestinal epithelium, leading to significant health problems. The consumption of milk from transgenic goats producing human lysozyme (hLZ) in their milk therefore has the potential to positively impact intestinal health. In order to investigate the effect of hLZ-containing milk on the inflammatory response, young pigs were fed pasteurized milk from hLZ or non-transgenic control goats and quantitative real-time PCR was performed to assess local expression of TNF-α, IL-8, and TGF-β1 in the small intestine. Histological changes were also investigated, specifically looking at villi width, length, crypt depth, and lamina propria thickness along with cell counts for intraepithelial lymphocytes and goblet cells. Significantly higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β1 was seen in the ileum of pigs fed pasteurized milk containing hLZ (P = 0.0478), along with an increase in intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.0255), and decrease in lamina propria thickness in the duodenum (P = 0.0001). Based on these results we conclude that consuming pasteurized milk containing hLZ does not induce an inflammatory response and improves the health of the small intestine in pigs.
Oxidative stress has a role in malignant transformation in Barrett's oesophagus (2002)

Mechanisms underlying the development of oesophageal adenocarcinoma are poorly understood. To discover the role of oxidative stress and radical scavenger capacity in the malignant transformation of Barrett's oesophagus, we measured myeloperoxidase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione content and total aromatic DNA adducts. Mucosal specimens came from 52 patients in 6 groups: symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) without and with endoscopic oesophagitis, Barrett's epithelium without and with dysplasia, adenocarcinoma in the oesophagus and controls. In the GORD-oesophagitis-metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence, glutathione content was progressively lower and myeloperoxidase activity higher than in controls, plateauing at Barrett's epithelium without dysplasia. Only in Barrett's epithelium with dysplasia was SOD activity significantly increased. In all patient groups, DNA adduct levels were significantly higher than the control level. Though these levels between patient groups did not differ significantly, the level was highest in Barrett's epithelium without dysplasia and progressively lower in Barrett's with dysplasia and adenocarcinoma. Pooled data showed a negative correlation between glutathione content and DNA adducts (-0.28, p = 0.05). Simultaneous formation of DNA adducts, increased myeloperoxidase-related oxidative stress, decreased antioxidant capacity (glutathione content) and the negative correlation between glutathione content and DNA adducts in the GORD-oesophagitis-metaplasia-dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence of Barrett's oesophagus indicate a role in the pathogenesis and malignant transformation related to oxidative stress.
Industrial Structure and the Comparative Behavior of International Stock Market Indices (1992)

ABSTRACT Stock Price Indices are compared across countries in an attempt to explain why they exhibit such disparate behavior. Three separate explanatory influences are empirically documented. First, part of the behavior can be attributed to a technical aspect of index construction; some indices are more diversified than others. Second, each country's industrial structure plays a major role in explaining stock price behavior. Third, for the majority of countries, a portion of national equity index behavior can be ascribed to exchange rate behavior. Exchange rates explain a significant portion of common currency denominated national index returns, although the amount explained by exchange rates is less than the amount explained by industrial structure for most countries.
Developing Interfaces for Collaborative Mobile Systems (1998)

This paper describes the issues encountered when developing user interfaces for collaborative multimedia applications designed for operation in unreliable mobile networking environments. To provide end-users with some degree of dependability applications need to provide increased levels of user-awareness in order to enable users to adapt their style of interaction to match the current quality of communications. The application described in this paper achieves this by presenting users with graphical feedback when the constraints imposed by the network violate the collaborating groups&apos; various communications requirements. Because traditional distributed development platforms tend to mask detailed network information from reaching the application the development platform was enhanced to enable the flow of information between the network and application level services and vice versa. 1. Introduction Despite the well established research field of CSCW and the growing popularity of mobile ...
A 590,000 transistor 48,000 pixel, contrast sensitive, edge enhancing, CMOS imager-silicon retina (2002)

We present an experimental analog VLSI focal plane processor for the phototransduction, local gain control and edge enhancement of natural images. The single chip system incorporates 590,000 transistors in 48,000 pixels, and it has been fabricated on a 9.5/spl times/9.3 mm die in a 1.2 /spl mu/m n-well double metal, double poly, digital oriented CMOS technology. The organization of the system abstracts from the structure and function of the vertebrate distal retina. The adopted design style, current-mode subthreshold CMOS using circuits of minimal complexity offers the possibility of ultra low power dissipation and area efficiency, commensurate with VLSI integration.
A Randomized, Prospective Study to Evaluate The Efficacy and Acceptance of Three Bowel Preparations for Colonoscopy in Children (1999)

Although the least well tolerated, Golytely provided the best cleansing. Dulcolax without dietary restriction provided unsatisfactory colon cleansing. Magnesium citrate with X-prep was acceptable and provided good cleansing.
Colorectal cancer and dysplasia in inflammatory bowel disease (2008)

Both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease carry an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer. Established risk factors for cancer among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) include the younger age at diagnosis, greater extent and duration of disease, increased severity of inflammation, family history of colorectal cancer and coexisting primary sclerosing cholangitis. Recent evidence suggests that current medical therapies and surgical techniques for inflammatory bowel disease may be reducing the incidence of this complication. Nonetheless heightened vigilance and a careful, comprehensive approach to prevent or minimize the complications of invasive cancer are warranted in this unique cohort of patients. Current guidelines for the prevention and early detection of cancer in this high risk population are grounded in the concept of an inflammation-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence. A thorough understanding of the definition and natural history of dysplasia in IBD, as well as the challenges associated with detection and interpretation of dysplasia are fundamental to developing an effective strategy for surveillance and prevention, and understanding the limitations of the current approach to prevention. This article reviews the current consensus guidelines for screening and surveillance of cancer in IBD, as well as presenting the evidence and rationale for chemoprevention of cancer and a discussion of emerging technologies for the detection of dysplasia.
A nonsense mutation in the gene encoding 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase/L1 isoform is associated with West Nile virus susceptibility in laboratory mice (2002)

A mouse model has been established to investigate the genetic determinism of host susceptibility to West Nile (WN) virus, a member of the genus flavivirus and family Flaviviridae. Whereas WN virus causes encephalitis and death in most laboratory inbred mouse strains after peripheral inoculation, most strains derived from recently trapped wild mice are completely resistant. The phenotype of resistance/susceptibility is determined by a major locus, Wnv, mapping to chromosome 5 within the 0.4-cM-wide interval defined by markers D5Mit408 and D5Mit242. We constructed a high resolution composite/consensus map of the interval by merging the data from the mouse T31 Radiation Hybrid map and those from the homologous region of human chromosome 12q, and found the cluster of genes encoding 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetases (2'-5'-OAS) to be the most prominent candidate. This cluster encodes a multimember family of IFN-inducible proteins that is known to play an important role in the established endogenous antiviral pathway. Comparing the cDNA sequences of 2'-5'-OAS L1, L2, and L3 isoforms, between susceptible and resistant strains, we identified a STOP codon in exon 4 of the gene encoding the L1 isoform in susceptible strains that can lead to a truncated form with amputation of one domain, whereas all resistant mice tested so far have a normal copy of this gene. The observation that WN virus sensitivity of susceptible mice was completely correlated with the occurrence of a point mutation in 2'-5'-OAS L1 suggests that this isoform may play a critical role in WN pathogenesis.
Inflammatory bowel disease serologies in ankylosing spondylitis patients: a pilot study (2009)

The data from this pilot study points towards mucosal dysregulation as an important pathway in AS. We were able to demonstrate that anti-I2 could play a pathologic role in AS. The elevated mean total antibody response being significant only with ANCA exclusion is consistent with the histopathological evidence that intestinal inflammation in AS is similar to Crohn's disease. To better define the roles of these antibodies in AS, larger studies with more precisely defined patient characteristics are required.
Seismogenic index and magnitude probability of earthquakes induced during reservoir fluid stimulations (2010)

An important characteristic of seismicity is the distribution of magnitudes of earthquakes. Fluid injection in rocks, aimed to create enhanced geothermal systems (EGS), can sometimes produce significant seismic events (e.g., Majer et al., 2007). This is rarely the case in hydraulic fracturing of hydrocarbon reservoirs. However, in any case the behavior of the seismicity triggering in space and in time is controlled by the process of stress relaxation and pore-pressure perturbation that was initially created at the injection source. This relaxation process can be approximated by pressure diffusion (possibly a nonlinear one) in the pore fluid of rocks (e.g., Shapiro and Dinske, 2009). At some locations the tectonic stress in the Earth's crust is close to a critical stress, causing brittle failure of rocks. Increasing fluid pressure in such a reservoir causes pressure in the connected pore and fracture space of rocks to increase. Such an increase in the pore pressure consequently causes a decrease of the effective normal stress. This leads to sliding along pre-existing, favorably oriented, subcritical cracks.
Intestinal morphology and transport after ileal resection in rat is modified by dietary fatty acids. (1996)

The authors tested the hypothesis that the intestinal morphology and uptake of nutrients after resection of the distal half of the small intestine of rats responds to alterations in the dietary content of saturated (SFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a sham operation or to the surgical resection of the distal half of the small intestine, leaving the ileocecal valve intact. The animals were fed chow for 3 weeks, then either chow or isocaloric semisynthetic SFA or PUFA diets for a further 2 weeks. Food consumption, weight gain and jejunal mucosal surface area were unchanged after ileal resection. A microdensitometric autoradiographic technique was used to examine the distribution of 3H-leucine and 3H-lysine along the villus: approximately 70% of uptake occurred in the upper 30% of the enterocytes of the villus in chow-fed rats, and this portion was unchanged by ileal resection. The jejunal uptake of 40 mM of glucose, observed in vitro, was twice as high in animals that had undergone resection and were fed SFA than in those fed PUFA. In summary, (1) there is a separation between the adaptation of intestinal transport function and dynamic/static morphology after ileal resection, and (2) glucose uptake after ileal resection is enhanced by SFA in the diet and is not explained by any changes in the animals' food intake, weight gain or intestinal morphology.
Adaptive accelerometer feedforward servo for disk drives (2002)

Discusses the design and experimental verification of a direct adaptive control scheme to attenuate the effect of external disturbances on disk drives. The adaptive controller acts as an add-on compensator to the existing fixed compensator. An accelerometer which is mounted on the base casting of the disk drive generates the input signal for the controller The control objective is to minimize the variance of the position error signal in the presence of external random vibrations. Experimental results show that reduction of 92% in the variance of the position error signal can be obtained.
Microarray profiling of progesterone-regulated endometrial genes during the rhesus monkey secretory phase (2004)

The identification of P-regulated genes and gene pathways in the primate endometrium is expected to be an important first step in elucidating the cellular processes necessary for the development of a receptive environment for implantation.
Antibacterial and antifungal activity of essential oils of<i> Mentha suaveolens</i> (2002)

The essential oils (EO) of Mentha suaveolens, a wild Labiatae, which grows in several regions in Morocco, were characterized and their antimicrobial activity assessed. The main aromatic constituents of this plant, as characterized by IR, NMR and MS studies, were pulegone, piperitenone oxide (PEO) and piperitone oxide (PO) occurring in different amounts depending on the subspecies. These constituents as well as a series of other aromatic products such as carvone, limonene and menthone, were tested for their antimicrobial activity against 19 bacteria including Gram-positive and Gram-negative and against three fungi, using solid phase and microtitration assays. Pulegone-rich essential oil inhibited efficiently all the micro-organisms tested with MICs ranging between 0.69 and 2.77 ppm. Among the components from Mentha suaveolens EO, pulegone was the most effective against the tested microorganisms, followed by PEO and PO. The structure-activity relationship is discussed on the basis of the activity of the other aromatic derivatives tested such as carvone, limonene, menthone and the profile of the essential oils of Mentha suaveolens was compared with other Mentha species.