gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Negative cooperativity among beta-adrenergic receptors in frog erythrocyte membranes. (1976)

(-)-[3H]Dihydroalprenolol, a potent competitive beta-adrenergic antagonist, has been previously documented to bind to the adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptor sites in mammalian and non-mammalian tissues. Steady state binding of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol to sites in frog erythrocyte membranes, a model system for adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic receptors, displays characteristics consistent with negative cooperativity among the beta-adrenergic receptors: Scatchard plots are curvilinear with upward concavity and slopes of Hill plots are consistently less than 1.0. The existence of site-site interactions of the negatively cooperative type were demonstrated directly by the ability of unlabeled (-)-alprenolol to accelerate the dissociation of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol under conditions were no rebinding of radioligand occurred. The dissociation rate of (-)-[3H]dihydroalprenolol alone is directly related to temperature and increases with increases in temperature from 4-37 degrees. (-)-[3H]Dihydroalprenolol dissociation is enhanced by unlabeled (-)-alprenolol at all temperatures studied; however, at 4 degrees, the time required to observe an enhancement of radioligand dissociated is greater than the time required for unlabeled (-)-alprenolol to occupy the empty receptor sites, suggesting that increased rigidity of the biomembrane at 4 degrees may be responsible for the absence of readily observable site-site interactions. The ability of a number of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists to induce negative cooperativity among the beta-adrenergic receptors was directly related to their affinity for the receptor sites rather than their intrinsic activity in the adenylate cyclase-coupled beta-adrenergic system. The ability to induce site-site interactions among the beta-adrenergic receptors occurs at physiological concentrations of beta-adrenergic agents, since occupancy of less than 10% of the receptor sites is sufficient to reduce receptor affinity. Changes in pH from 6.5 to 9.0 did not significantly alter the negatively cooperative site-site interactions among the receptor sites. The negatively cooperative phenomenon was also independent of Mg2+, Ca2+, and NaF concentrations in the buffer medium. The presence of guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate, a nonhydrolyzable nucleotide analog which enhances adenylate cyclase stimulation (Vmax) by beta-adrenergic agonists and decreases the concentration of agonist required to half-maximally stimulate adenylate cyclase, did not alter the ability of either agonists or antagonists to induce negatively cooperative site-site interactions among the beta-adrenergic receptors.
Improvement of the field emission properties of carbon nanotubes by CNT/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>composite electrophoretic deposition (2011)

A simple CNT/Fe3O4 composite electrophoretic deposition method to improve the field emission cathode properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is proposed. It is found that CNT/Fe3O4 composite electrophoretic deposition leads to better field emission performance than that of single CNT electrophoretic deposition. The result is investigated using SEM, J-E and FE. After the process, the turn-on electric field decreases from 0.882 to 0.500 V/μm at an emission current density of 0.1 mA/cm2, and the latter increases from 0.003 to 1.137 mA/cm2 at an electric field of 0.64 V/μm. CNT/Fe3O4 composite electrophoretic deposition is an easy and effective cathode preparation for field emission display applications.
Individuals with schizophrenia have an increased incidence of the H2R649G allele for the histamine H2 receptor gene. (1996)

We have previously described an allelic variant of the human H2R, nominated the H2R649G allele. This allele contains an adenine-->guanidine substitution at base 649, which introduces an additional TaqI restriction endonuclease site into the gene. With this in mind, we have investigated allelic polymorphism of this receptor and its association with schizophrenia. H2R DNA from 47 schizophrenic patients and 46 control subjects was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These PCR products were analyzed by observing TaqI cleavage patterns and single-stranded conformational polymorphisms. It was found that the H2R649G allele was 1.8 times more frequent in the schizophrenic population (chi 2 test P < 0.01). In addition, schizophrenic individuals were 2.8 times more likely to be homozygous for the H2R649G allele than the control population, (chi 2 test P < 0.05). These data place the attributable fraction for possession of the H2R649G allele at 28.4%.
A prominent role for glucosylglycerol in the adaptation of Pseudomonas mendocina SKB70 to osmotic stress (1994)

The mechanism of osmoadaptation in a salt-tolerant (1.2 M NaCl) bacterial isolate identified as Pseudomonas mendocina (N. J. Palleroni, M. Doudoroff, R. Y. Stanier, R. E. Solanes, and R. Mandel, J. Gen. Microbiol. 60:215-231, 1970) was investigated. In response to osmotic stress, this species accumulated a number of compatible solutes, the intracellular levels of which depended on both the osmolarity and the ionic composition of the growth medium. Glucosylglycerol [alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-alpha-(1-->2)-glycerol], N-acetylglutaminylglutamine amide, and L-alpha-glutamate were the major compatible solutes accumulated via de novo biosynthesis. Trehalose was also accumulated, but only in cells grown in the presence of high concentrations of sulfate or phosphate ions. Glycine betaine was accumulated only when supplied exogenously to cells grown at high osmolarity, and its accumulation caused a significant depletion of the intracellular pools of glucosylglycerol and glutamate. Glucosylglycerol was also found to accumulate in the type strains of P. mendocina and P. pseudoalcaligenes. This is the first report demonstrating the pivotal role of glucosylglycerol in osmoadaptation in a nonphotosynthetic microorganism.
Peginterferon α‐2a (40 kDa): an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen‐positive chronic hepatitis B (2003)

Current therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) have a number of limitations, and better treatment options are needed. Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) is superior to conventional interferon alpha-2a in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. This is the first report on peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) in the treatment of CHB. In this phase II study, 194 patients with CHB not previously treated with conventional interferon-alpha were randomized to receive weekly subcutaneous doses of peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) 90, 180 or 270 microg, or conventional interferon alpha-2a 4.5 MIU three times weekly. Twenty-four weeks of therapy were followed by 24 weeks of treatment-free follow-up. All subjects were assessed for loss of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), presence of hepatitis B antibody (anti-HBe), suppression of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA, and normalization of serum alanine transaminase (ALT) after follow-up. At the end of follow-up, HBeAg was cleared in 37, 35 and 29% of patients receiving peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) 90, 180 and 270 microg, respectively, compared with 25% of patients on conventional interferon alpha-2a. The combined response (HBeAg loss, HBV DNA suppression, and ALT normalization) of all peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) doses combined was twice that achieved with conventional interferon alpha-2a (24%vs 12%; P = 0.036). All treatment groups were similar with respect to frequency and severity of adverse events. These results indicate that peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa) is superior in efficacy to conventional interferon alpha-2a in chronic hepatitis B based on clearance of HBeAg, suppression of HBV DNA, and normalization of ALT.
Longitudinal Research (2015)

This entry defines longitudinal research, describes types of design and methodology of longitudinal research, the relationship between longitudinal research and criminological theory, and the limitations and practical issues concerning the collection and analysis of longitudinal data.
Comparison of Braking Performance by Electro-Hydraulic ABS and Motor Torque Control for In-wheel Electric Vehicle (2013)

In this study, a slip control algorithm using motor torque control during the braking of the in-wheel electric vehicle was proposed and an anti-lock brake system (ABS) simulator was developed on the basis of the test results for electro-hydraulic ABS. The slip control algorithm using motor torque control limits the in-wheel motor torque according to road friction coefficient and slip ratio while the ABS prevents locking of the wheel by lowering or raising the brake pressure through solenoid valve control. A MATLAB/Simulink model and a CarSim vehicle model were developed, and the motor torque control and ABS simulator were applied to the MATLAB/Simulink-CarSim co-simulator and compared braking performance.
Floating Liquefaction (FLNG) (2016)

The softening of European hub prices and Asian LNG spot prices in early 2014, followed by the plunge in oil prices later that year has created an extremely challenging business environment for the LNG industry. Current prices – whether spot or oil-indexed LNG contract prices – are well below levels recently regarded as necessary for […]
Nonhomogeneous left ventricular regional shortening during acute right ventricular pressure overload. (1989)

Acute right ventricular pressure overload shifts the interventricular septum leftward and decreases systolic shortening of the left ventricular (LV) septal-lateral diameter. These changes should alter regional shortening in the LV minor axis. To test this hypothesis, LV minor axis circumferential segment lengths of the septum and anterior, lateral, and posterior walls were measured during pulmonary artery or venae caval constriction in seven open-chest dogs with intact pericardia. Starting at an end-diastolic pressure of 10 mm Hg, venae caval constriction decreased LV end-systolic pressure by 19 +/- 6% and stroke volume by 40 +/- 15% and produced uniform decreases in systolic shortening and end-diastolic length around the minor axis. However, during pulmonary artery constriction resulting in similar decreases in end-systolic pressure (22 +/- 7%) and stroke volume (39 +/- 11%), decreases in systolic shortening were significantly larger in the anterior (-34 +/- 10%) and posterior (-33 +/- 21%) walls than in the septum (-10 +/- 9%) or lateral wall (-8 +/- 13%). The mechanisms of these large anterior and posterior shortening decreases differed: anterior end-diastolic length decreased more than posterior and lateral end-diastolic lengths, while posterior end-systolic length decreased less than anterior and lateral end-systolic lengths. Similar changes were seen at starting end-diastolic pressures of 5 and 15 mm Hg. Propranolol did not alter this nonuniform response, while pericardiectomy attenuated the regional variations. Thus, changes in LV geometry during acute right ventricular pressure overload are associated with nonuniform regional changes in systolic shortening in the LV minor axis that are enhanced by the pericardium.
New digital image processing technology for FSEM microscopy (1993)

Digital image acquisition and processing can provide many advantages over conventional analog image information handling, i.e., undisturbed access to the “raw data set”, quantitative analysis of the image information, and reduced costs and increased flexibility of image data handling. However, it may principally change microscopy by providing a new facility for instant exhaustive data presentation in acquired images. Detail imaging is one of the basic microscopic tasks but visual access to detail information is cumbersome and often left to post-session data analysis. A dedicated software/hardware technique is now available for automatic “near-real-time” enhancement of image detail information visually not accessible in the “raw data” image. Pertinent image details include spatial dimensions of only a few pixels in size (spatial details) and intensity variations of only a few intensity steps in height (intensity details). While conventional image enhancement techniques often produce serious image artifacts which exclude a closer inspection of enhanced detail information, the new pixel-accurate processing (PAP) technology allows instant image evaluation at an accuracy-level of the raw data through detail enhancement in full-frame images, digital zoom and noise smoothing.
Role of DNA 5-Methylcytosine Transferase in Cell Transformation by <i>fos</i> (1999)

The Fos and Jun oncoproteins form dimeric complexes that stimulate transcription of genes containing activator protein-1 regulatory elements. We found, by representational difference analysis, that expression of DNA 5-methylcytosine transferase (dnmt1) in fos-transformed cells is three times the expression in normal fibroblasts and that fos-transformed cells contain about 20 percent more 5-methylcytosine than normal fibroblasts. Transfection of the gene encoding Dnmt1 induced morphological transformation, whereas inhibition of dnmt1 expression or activity resulted in reversion of fos transformation. Inhibition of histone deacetylase, which associates with methylated DNA, also caused reversion. These results suggest that fos may transform cells through alterations in DNA methylation and in histone deacetylation.
Three-directional Myocardial Phase-Contrast Tissue Velocity MR Imaging with Navigator-Echo Gating: In Vivo and in Vitro Study (2008)

The study protocol was HIPAA compliant and institutional review board approved. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. The purpose of the study was to prospectively validate the capability of navigator-echo-gated phase-contrast magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for measurement of myocardial velocities in a phantom and to prospectively use the phase-contrast MR sequence to measure three-directional velocity in the myocardium in vivo in volunteers and in patients scheduled for cardiac resynchronization therapy. An excellent correlation between the measured velocity and the true phantom motion (R = 0.90 for longitudinal velocity, R = 0.93 for circumferential velocity) was observed. Myocardial velocities were successfully measured in 17 healthy volunteers (11 male, six female; mean age, 27.5 years +/- 6.5 [standard deviation]) and 28 patients with heart failure (18 male, 10 female; mean age, 63.9 years +/- 15.0). Velocity values were significantly lower in the patients than in the volunteers. The time to peak velocity in the lateral wall of the patients, as compared with that in the volunteers, was delayed. Phase-contrast MR imaging can be combined with navigator-echo gating to measure three-directional myocardial tissue velocities in vivo.
THE EFFECT OF SIMULATED BIRTH TRAUMA AND/OR OVARIECTOMY ON RODENT CONTINENCE MECHANISM. PART I: FUNCTIONAL AND STRUCTURAL CHANGE (2001)

These findings suggest that birth trauma simulated by ballooning and ovariectomy may contribute to stress urinary incontinence. The alteration in smooth muscle caveolae as well as the membrane protein caveolin may have a role in functional alterations caused by birth trauma and ovariectomy.
Pricing and revenue sharing mechanism for secondary redistribution of data service for mobile devices (2014)

Cellular Network Providers (CNP) provide users with wireless data access to meet the growing ubiquitous demand for the Internet. As users subscribe to a fixed data plan for a monthly flat fee, some users may exhaust their data allowance before the end of the billing cycle, while others underutilize their monthly quota. To take advantage of such underutilization, Khausik et. al. propose a mechanism for ad hoc bandwidth redistribution that allows subscribers to sell their unused bandwidth to users needing Internet access in exchange for some financial compensation as and when opportunities arise. There exists a popular belief that allowing such on-demand ad hoc service is not beneficial to CNP. This paper seeks to address and counter this opinion by proposing a pricing scheme and a revenue sharing mechanism that makes the provision of ad hoc connection advantageous to CNP. Our revenue sharing mechanism provides economic incentives to CNP. The simulation results show that our revenue sharing model ensures that CNP receives the majority portion of the revenue gained, regardless of the amount. Secondly, our pricing model ensures traffic from ad hoc users has minimal impact on the connection quality of current subscribers. In this model, we use Shapley value as the basis for deriving the revenue sharing.
Diffraction property of an axicon in oblique illumination (1998)

The intensity distribution of a diffraction pattern in oblique illumination is derived analytically. Experimental results are compared with the results of theoretical analyses. Good agreement between them has been obtained.
Efficiency of data-aided timing recovery techniques (1995)

This paper assesses the tracking capabilities of data-aided timing recovery schemes in terms of an efficiency that characterizes, coarsely speaking, the amount of timing information that the scheme manages to extract from the incoming signal per unit of time and signal-to-noise ratio. Efficiencies of maximum-likelihood and various baud-rate timing recovery schemes are determined as a function of the data and channel parameters, and are optimized with respect to design freedoms of the schemes. These results are illustrated for partial-response channels and idealized digital recording channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Deletion analysis of the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase gene promoter. (1988)

Deletion analysis of the 5' flank of the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene reveals a promoter region starting 48 base pairs upstream of the major transcriptional start site. A dhfr minigene containing approximately 900 base pairs of 5' flank and one small intron was used as a wild-type standard. Seven deletions were created with BAL-31. Promoter activity was measured in three ways: 1) transient expression of the dhfr gene; 2) frequence of transfection of dhfr- Chinese hamster cells to a dhfr+ phenotype; and 3) RNase protection analysis of dhfr transcripts in pooled populations of permanently transfected cells. The transient expression assay was developed in this work for the rapid analysis of dhfr promoter mutants; this assay could be of general use for analyzing constructs carrying dhfr as a reporter gene. Two of the deletions define a requirement for part or all of the sequence GGGCGT located 48 base pairs upstream of the major transcriptional start site. This site has been shown to bind transcription factor Sp1 in the mouse dhfr gene. The function of the major promoter is independent of the function of the minor promoter. These minigene constructs also contain cryptic promoters located upstream of the natural start sites, probably in the plasmid vector. Transcripts originating from these upstream sites are inefficiently spliced, but do result in messenger RNA molecules that are translated into active dihydrofolate reductase.
Reducing Speaker Model Search Space in Speaker Identification (2007)

For large population speaker identification (SID) systems, likelihood computations between an unknown speaker's test feature set and speaker models can be very time-consuming and detrimental to applications where fast SID is required. In this paper, we propose a method whereby speaker models are clustered during the training stage. Then during the testing stage, only those clusters which are likely to contain high-likelihood speaker models are searched. The proposed method reduces the speaker model space which directly results in faster SID. Although there maybe a slight loss in identification accuracy depending on the number of clusters searched, this loss can be controlled by trading off speed and accuracy.
Chronic insulin hypoglycemia induces GLUT-3 protein in rat brain neurons (1997)

Near-normalization of glycemia reduces the risks of chronic diabetic complications but increases the risk of serious hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can impair neuronal function in the brain and diminish awareness of subsequent hypoglycemic episodes, yet little is known about how neurons adapt to hypoglycemia. This study tests the hypothesis that isoform-specific alterations in brain glucose transport proteins occur in response to chronic hypoglycemia. To study this, groups of rats were injected with approximately 25 U/kg ultralente insulin daily at 1700 for 8 days to maintain hypoglycemia. Vascular-free and microvessel membrane fractions from brain were prepared for immunoblot analysis of GLUT-1 and GLUT-3 by use of isoform-specific antisera. Insulin treatment reduced blood glucose levels from 4.0 +/- 0.1 (vehicle-injected controls) to 1.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l on day 8 (P < 0.001) and increased GLUT-3 protein expression (175.6% of control; P < 0.05). Microvascular GLUT-1 (55 kDa) tended to increase (195.6% of controls; P = 0.08) variably, whereas nonvascular GLUT-1 (45 kDa) was unchanged. We conclude that neuronal glucose transport protein (GLUT-3) expression adapts to chronic hypoglycemia. This adaptation may spare neuronal energy metabolism but could dampen neuronal signaling of glucose deprivation.
Bacterial catalysis of nitrosation: involvement of the nar operon of Escherichia coli (1988)

We have developed a rapid and sensitive fluorimetric method, based on the formation of a fluorescent product from nitrosation of 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, for measuring the ability of bacteria to catalyze nitrosation of amines. We have shown in Escherichia coli that nitrosation can be induced under anaerobic conditions by nitrite and nitrate, that formate is the most efficient electron donor for this reaction, and that nitrosation may be catalyzed by nitrate reductase (EC 1.7.99.4). The narG mutants defective in nitrate reductase do not catalyze nitrosation, and the fnr gene is essential for nitrosation. Induction by nitrite or nitrate of nitrosation, N2O production, and nitrate reductase activity all require the narL gene.
Pure-Silica-Zeolite MEL Low-<i>k</i> Films from Nanoparticle Suspensions (2005)

Following our previous works on pure-silica-zeolite (PSZ) MFI, in this study we explore PSZ MEL as a new option for low-k dielectric films. Our motivation has been to increase the microporosity of the spin-on films by moving to structures with a framework density (FD) lower than MFI. Nanoparticle PSZ MEL suspensions were synthesized by a two-stage method that allowed the yield of nanocrystals to be significantly enhanced, while the zeolite nanocrystals remain small. For the first time zeolite nanocrystals of about 50 nm were synthesized with a yield as high as 57%. Nanoparticle suspensions with different particle sizes and crystallinities were spun on silicon wafers to prepare continuous thin films. An ultralow-k value as low as 1.5 was obtained with MEL nanoparticle suspension of high relative crystallinity. The surface roughness of the PSZ MEL film with high relative crystallinity is greatly improved (R(rms) approximately 5.6 nm) compared to MFI films with high relative crystallinity (R(rms) approximately 12 nm).
Track density constraints in the application of MR head technology (1992)

A disk drive track density model has been developed for dual-element recording heads using a magnetoresistive (MR) reader and an inductive writer. In addition to the usual track misregistration issues, it is shown that the head fabrication tolerances and the spacing between the read and write elements limit track density with a rotary actuator due to skew misalignment. A systems solution of micropositioning that minimizes such problems is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WristQue : a personal sensor wristband for smart infrastructure and control (2012)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2013.