gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Track-before-detect processing for a range-ambiguous radar (2002)

The development and simulation of a real-time, track-before-detect process for a scanning, dual high pulse-repetition frequency (PRF), airborne radar system are described. After a ranking procedure, a track-before-detect process based on a dynamic programming formulation is applied separately to the ranked data from the two range-ambiguous PRFs. After track detection, target range is unfolded using the Chinese remainder theorem. Quantitative results show a probability of detection of 0.5 with a signal-to-noise ratio of 6 dB for nonmaneuvering targets and 7.5 dB for moderately maneuvering targets. In each case, the probability of a false track rate is maintained at about 2*10/sup -6/ per range-azimuth-Doppler cell of the radar.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advances in embedded traces for 1.5µm RDL on 2.5D glass interposers (2015)

This paper presents the first demonstration of 1.5μm ultra-fine copper trace re-distribution layers (RDL) with embedded trace processes for 2.5D glass interposers. Two approaches described in this paper include: (1) Copper Trace Transfer (CTT) and (2) Photo Trench Embedding (PTE), both of which can be fabricated using existing double-side package substrate process tools on large panels. 2.5D Interposers, interconnecting logic and memory devices at high-bandwidth, require ultra-fine I/O pitch below 40μm. In order to escape route bumps at less than 40μm pitch, the interposer requires RDLs with less than 5μm ultra-fine copper wiring. Organic package substrates, using semi-additive processes (SAP), face a number of challenges in achieving less than 5μm line and space. The two embedded trace process methods in this paper are targeted at extending RDL feature sizes beyond these SAP limits. In the CTT approach, each RDL metal layer is pre-fabricated on a removable carrier and then transferred to a polymer dielectric layer laminated on an interposer core substrate. 1.5 to 5μm Copper traces were plated and successfully transferred onto a polymer laminated glass core. In the PTE approach, a high-resolution photosensitive dry film (TMMF-2014, 14μm thick) and liquid photosensitive dielectric (PN-0371D) films were explored for the RDLs. The initial feasibility of fine line photolithography and trench copper filling processes was investigated. Results showed that the film has a 2μm resolution, with an aspect ratio of seven. The feasibility of resolving 1.2μm line and space patterns was demonstrated in 4.2μm thick liquid photosensitive dielectric material. RDL traces down to 3μm using dry film and 1.5μm using liquid-based film were plated with sputtered Ti-Cu seed layers and trench fill electroplating processes. Both embedded trace approaches demonstrate the potential to scale 1.5-3μm RDL wiring using double-side, large-panel processing for low-cost, high-density interposers.
A DIseAse MOdule Detection (DIAMOnD) Algorithm Derived from a Systematic Analysis of Connectivity Patterns of Disease Proteins in the Human Interactome (2015)

The observation that disease associated proteins often interact with each other has fueled the development of network-based approaches to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of human disease. Such approaches build on the assumption that protein interaction networks can be viewed as maps in which diseases can be identified with localized perturbation within a certain neighborhood. The identification of these neighborhoods, or disease modules, is therefore a prerequisite of a detailed investigation of a particular pathophenotype. While numerous heuristic methods exist that successfully pinpoint disease associated modules, the basic underlying connectivity patterns remain largely unexplored. In this work we aim to fill this gap by analyzing the network properties of a comprehensive corpus of 70 complex diseases. We find that disease associated proteins do not reside within locally dense communities and instead identify connectivity significance as the most predictive quantity. This quantity inspires the design of a novel Disease Module Detection (DIAMOnD) algorithm to identify the full disease module around a set of known disease proteins. We study the performance of the algorithm using well-controlled synthetic data and systematically validate the identified neighborhoods for a large corpus of diseases.
Towards rational management of the patent ductus arteriosus: the need for disease staging: Table 1 (2007)

Perspective on the review by Bose and Laughon (see page 498)
The differential geometry of perceptual similarity (2017)

Human similarity judgments are inconsistent with Euclidean, Hamming, Mahalanobis, and the majority of measures used in the extensive literatures on similarity and dissimilarity. From intrinsic properties of brain circuitry, we derive principles of perceptual metrics, showing their conformance to Riemannian geometry. As a demonstration of their utility, the perceptual metrics are shown to outperform JPEG compression. Unlike machine-learning approaches, the outperformance uses no statistics, and no learning. Beyond the incidental application to compression, the metrics offer broad explanatory accounts of empirical perceptual findings such as Tverskys triangle inequality violations, contradictory human judgments of identical stimuli such as speech sounds, and a broad range of other phenomena on percepts and concepts that may initially appear unrelated. The findings constitute a set of fundamental principles underlying perceptual similarity.
Central role of CD40 and its ligand in B lymphocyte responses to T-dependent antigens. (1994)

In order to mount an effective antibody response to soluble and certain other types of antigens, B cells need help from T cells. Recently, an important receptor-ligand pair has been identified as essential for successful cognate interaction between these two classes of lymphocytes. CD40 was first identified as a receptor-like molecule on B cells which when ligated by antibody could deliver signals to prime for growth, differentiation, or survival. Later its counterstructure--termed CD40 ligand (CD40L)--was discovered to be an inducible type II glycoprotein of helper T cells. In this review, the central role of the CD40-CD40L interaction in the various phases of the B cell response to T-dependent antigens is discussed drawing from both in vitro and in vivo studies.
Temporal Deformable Residual Networks for Action Segmentation in Videos (2018)

This paper is about temporal segmentation of human actions in videos. We introduce a new model - temporal deformable residual network (TDRN) - aimed at analyzing video intervals at multiple temporal scales for labeling video frames. Our TDRN computes two parallel temporal streams: i) Residual stream that analyzes video information at its full temporal resolution, and ii) Pooling/unpooling stream that captures long-range video information at different scales. The former facilitates local, fine-scale action segmentation, and the latter uses multiscale context for improving accuracy of frame classification. These two streams are computed by a set of temporal residual modules with deformable convolutions, and fused by temporal residuals at the full video resolution. Our evaluation on the University of Dundee 50 Salads, Georgia Tech Egocentric Activities, and JHU-ISI Gesture and Skill Assessment Working Set demonstrates that TDRN outperforms the state of the art in frame-wise segmentation accuracy, segmental edit score, and segmental overlap F1 score.
Anodal Right Ventricular Capture During Left Ventricular Stimulation in CRT‐Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (2005)

RV anodal capture during LV pacing was found in 11/11 patients at some output with true bipolar RV leads versus 0/15 patients with RV leads with an integrated bipolar design. Anodal RV capture threshold was more affected by changes in pw duration than LV capture threshold. In CRT-ICD systems, RV leads with a true bipolar design with the proximal ring also used as the anode for LV pacing are associated with a high incidence of anodal RV capture during LV pacing. This may affect the clinical response to alternative resynchronization methods using single LV stimulation or interventricular delay programming.
MEASUREMENT OF ANGULAR POSITION OF A MOBILE ROBOT USING ULTRASONIC SENSORS (1999)

Ultrasonic sensors are commonly used in robotics for range measurement in obstacle detection and avoidance systems. They have also been used for localization by map matching techniques. This paper presents a novel use of ultrasonic sensors for the measurement of angular position of a mobile robot relative to a known ultrasonic source. The method is based on measurement of the phase difference of an ultrasonic wave by two receivers. The receivers are positioned on-board a mobile robot, and the phase difference therefore represents the angular position of the robot. The paper presents an experimental set up, in which the technique was tested. Experimental results show the accuracy and operational limitations of the technique.
Carboxylic and phosphate esters of .alpha.-fluoro alcohols (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarboxylic and phosphate esters of .alpha.-fluoro alcoholsPaul R. Ortiz de Montellano and Wayne A. VinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 8, 2222–2224Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00502a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00502a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assessment of Crohnʼs disease activity by confocal laser endomicroscopy (2012)

CLE has the potential to significantly improve diagnosis of CD compared with standard endoscopy. These findings should be evaluated in future prospective trials to assess the value of this newly developed CLE score for prediction of disease course and therapeutic responses.
Probing the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway in Human Tumor Cells by Multitargeted Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2013)

Cancer progression is accompanied by increases in glucose and glutamine metabolism, providing the carbon and nitrogen required in downstream anabolic pathways. Fructose-6P, glutamine, and acetyl-CoA are central metabolites and substrates of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) to UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), an essential high-energy donor for protein glycosylation. Golgi and cytosolic glycosylation pathways are sensitive to UDP-GlcNAc levels, which in turn regulates metabolic homeostasis in a poorly understood manner. To study the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway in cancer cells, we developed a targeted approach for cellular metabolomics profiling by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Human cervical (HeLa) and prostate cancer (PC-3) cell lines were cultured in medium with increasing concentrations of glucose, glutamine, or GlcNAc to perturb the metabolic network. Principal component analysis indicated trends that were further analyzed as individual metabolites and pathways. HeLa cell metabolism was predominantly glycolytic, while PC-3 cells showed a greater dependency on extracellular glutamine. In both cell lines, UDP-GlcNAc levels declined with glucose but not glutamine starvation, whereas glutamine abundance increased UDP-GlcNAc levels 2-3-fold. GlcNAc supplementation increased UDP-GlcNAc 4-8-fold in both HeLa and PC-3 cells. GlcNAc supplementation in HeLa cells induced nonmonotonic changes in NADH/NAD+, NADPH/NADP+, reactive oxygen species, and reduced/oxidized glutathione. In PC-3 cells, GlcNAc supplementation also increased glucose and glutamine uptake and catabolism. Our results suggest that stimulation of the HBP in cancer cells regulates metabolism and redox potential, which might be exploited to target cancer cells.
Prediction of Bending Strength of Long Bones From Measurements of Bending Stiffness and Bone Mineral Content (1977)

The relationship between fracture strength in bending, bending stiffness and bone mineral content for 56 fresh canine radii, ulnae and tibiae was determined from three- and four-point bending tests on a MTS testing machine and from measurements of bone mineral content at the fracture site using the Norland-Cameron Bone Mineral Analyzer. The high correlation of bending stiffness (0.962) and mineral content (0.901) with fracture bending moment permits estimates of fracture strength using current noninvasive methods of measuring stiffness and mineral content.
The<i>MC4R(I251L</i>) Allele Is Associated with Better Metabolic Status and More Weight Loss after Gastric Bypass Surgery (2011)

Individuals carrying the I251L common allele are predisposed to better clinical outcome, reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, and better weight loss during diet and surgical interventions. Diabetic status has only a small, short-term effect on weight loss after RYGB.
A Fault-Tolerant Induction Generator System Based on Instantaneous Torque Control (ITC) (2010)

A fault-tolerant scheme of an induction generator using instantaneous torque control (ITC) is proposed in this paper. In the case that a power switch of the converter goes wrong, the system can be reconfigured to a four-switch three-phase (FSTP) generator system and continue supplying some power. In the reconfigured system, the ITC strategy can also be applied; the only differences lie in the available voltage space vectors and optimal switching-table. There are only two bridges working in the post-failure operation, which results in halved output power compared with that of prefailure six-switch three-phase system. This paper also investigates the special issues of the voltage ripples and drifts of the midpoint voltage of the dc bus capacitor of the FSTP system. The optimization of capacitor and the improvement of ITC strategy can effectively solve the two issues. In order to further improve the quality of the output dc voltage, the space vector modulation -ITC strategy is examined by modeling and experimental tests, which can greatly reduce the fluctuations of output voltage. Its voltage ripple is only 0.5 V on the output voltage of 270 V dc.
Ethylenedione : An intrinsically short-lived molecule (1999)

Ethylenedione C2O2 is one of the elusive small molecules which have remained undetected even after numerous attempts with different experimental techniques. This is surprising, since theoretical studies predicted the triplet state of C2O2 to be stable towards spin-allowed dissociation and hence long-lived. Here we report a comprehensive study of charged and neutral ethylenedione by means of charge reversal and neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry. These experimental results, in conjunction with theoretical calculations, suggest that neutral ethylenedione is intrinsically short-lived rather than being elusive. Both the singlet and triplet states of C2O2 are predicted to dissociate rapidly into two ground-state CO molecules, and for the triplet species, this dissociation involves facile curve-crossing to the singlet surface within a few nanoseconds.
A 3D IMAGING SYSTEM FOR DENTAL IMAGING BASED ON DIGITAL TOMOSYNTHESIS AND CONE BEAM CT (2015)

Abstract: The use of cone beam projections for tomographic reconstruction using CBCT has triggered the interest of many investigators. Tomographic systems for dental applications based on CBCT and using isocentric rotational fluoroscopic machines has already been proposed. Collecting, however, projection data over 3600 as required by CBCT is not always desirable due to radiation protection considerations. Limited arc methods for tomographic reconstruction such as Digital Tomosynthesis (DTS), could have been used prior to dental surgery. In this paper, we propose the use of both DTS and CBCT reconstruction methods as an integrated solution for providing tomographic data in dental applications. A system for 3D imaging based on DTS-CBCT techniques is described and tested on simulated and actual data. Such a system may be implemented on commercial available hardware components appropriately selected for optimization of performance.
Photodynamic modulation of wound healing in glaucoma filtration surgery (2003)

This method is a new approach in modulating postoperative wound healing in human eyes undergoing glaucoma filtration surgery. The data of the first human eyes combining TE with PDT underline the clinical safety of this method and its possible potential to prolong bleb survival.
A novel microscada system for Middle Egypt Electricity Company (2001)

In this paper, a cost effective microscada system for the Middle Egypt Electricity Company is presented. The novel system has been fully commissioned at the El-Mermah switching panel, MEECO, Egypt. The proposed microscada is based on an hierarchical control principle where it can be integrated to a higher level sub-master SCADA and even with grand master SCADA. The proposed microscada is responsible to collect data of the main modules like digital overcurrent relays (DRLs), distribution line communication (DLC) modules, automatic meter reading (AMR) and sectionalizers on a regular basis and send the data to the sub-master station for supervisory monitoring and navigation. In addition, the sub-master can allow the microscada level to control the modules locally. A fully detailed description of microscada design, communication protocols and field results are given. The test results validate the microscada system for its effectiveness together with the reduced cost.
Development of a Compact Microbubble Generator and Its Usefulness for Three-Dimensional Osteoblastic Cell Culture (2007)

Three-dimensional cell culture is widely used for challenging to biomedical tissue reconstruction. A mass of the reconstructed tissue has been limited because of difficulty in supplying sufficient amount of oxygen deep into the densely cultured cells. Although many methods are available for supplying oxygen, we focused on utilizing microbubbles. The aims of the present study were therefore to develop a microbubble generator suitable for cell culture, and to examine its effects on cellular activity. A new microbubble generator was designed so that it could be autoclaved and settled in a culture vessel with medium. Filtered clean air was introduced to the generator, mechanically sheared by a rotating disk, and then supplied into the culture vessel. This method significantly elevated the dissolved oxygen level by approximately 1.5mg/l. Microscopic measurement showed that 66.8% of the bubbles was distributed within 5-20μm in diameter, meaning that the generated bubbles had a good morphological feature of microbubbles. With and without microbubbles, gel-embedded MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells were three-dimensionally incubated for 3 days. Cell viability assay showed that the introduction of microbubbles increased necrotic cell death, which might be due to hyperoxia as well as fluid shearing force. However, relative alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly enhanced by microbubbles. Although further examination is needed, microbubbles would have a potential to enhance osteoblastic cell activity, and could be utilized for effective aeration in dense three-dimensional cell culture.
Multistable properties of human subthalamic nucleus neurons in Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Significance Behaviors are realized through concerted activity in neural circuits. This activity results from a combination of neural connectivity and the properties of the involved neurons. By studying the activity of neurons in the human subthalamic nucleus during surgery for Parkinson’s disease, we report that these neurons have multiple stable states, and that brief electrical stimuli can lead to transitions between states. We thus suggest that these neurons function as finite state machines. The different states could influence the function of key motor circuits of the basal ganglia, and thus knowledge of these states in disease or in response to treatment could help to define new treatment strategies for people with movement disorders.
Assessment of a Steel-Free Fiber Reinforced Polymer-Composite Modular Bridge System (2005)

The paper describes the development and characterization of a modular bridge system incorporating fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite girders connected by stiffened FRP deck panels which serve as both formwork and flexural reinforcement for a steel free concrete deck cast on top. The response of individual components and a two girder deck assemblage are characterized through full scale tests and it is shown that capacity is substantially greater than the design demand levels. Analytical predictions, based on laminated beam theory using progressive ply failure criteria, moment–curvature analysis and finite element models, are seen to compare well with experimental results.
Synthesis of Diheteroarylamine Ligands by Palladium‐Catalyzed Mono‐ and Diamination of Dichloroheteroarenes with Heteroarenamines (2011)

Abstract The syntheses of bidentate (see 6 and 12 ), bis‐bidentate ( 7, 10 , and 13 ) up to oligo‐bidentate (see 11 and 14 ) diheteroarylamine‐based N,N‐ligands are reported ( Tables 2, 4 , and 5 ). In the course of investigations on heteroaromatic (CN)‐bond formations, a protocol for the Pd‐catalyzed mono‐ and diamination of 2,6‐dichloropyridine ( 1 ) and 4,6‐dichloropyrimidines 5 with heteroaren‐2‐amines 2 and pyrimidine‐4,6‐diamines 8 is developed. The results are applied to the syntheses of the ‘pentamers’ 11a – 11d and the ‘heptamer’ 14 based on 4,6‐disubstituted 2‐alkylpyrimidines 5 and 8 , respectively.