gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses and Chemistry of Porphyrins (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sociology (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Disability studies and Paralympic research Integration and sport for the disabled Classifying bodies in disability sport Paralympic bodies Technology in sport Summary References Recommended readings
Polyelectrolyte Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes as Efficient Metal-free Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction (2011)

Having a strong electron-withdrawing ability, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA) was used to create net positive charge for carbon atoms in the nanotube carbon plane via intermolecular charge transfer. The resultant PDDA functionalized/adsorbed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), either in an aligned or nonaligned form, were demonstrated to act as metal-free catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells with similar performance as Pt catalysts. The adsorption-induced intermolecular charge-transfer should provide a general approach to various carbon-based efficient metal-free ORR catalysts for oxygen reduction in fuel cells, and even new catalytic materials for applications beyond fuel cells.
Vacuum Gauge Calibration System (10−2 to 101 mm Hg) (1961)

Accurately determined pressures can be produced in a vacuum gauge calibration chamber by means of repeated injections of small, precisely metered masses of air. The apparatus is simple and the pressures obtained are highly repeatable.
Pharmacokinetics of Tranexamic Acid in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis and in Healthy Volunteers After the Single Instillation of 2 g Rectally (1992)

Topically applied antifibrinolytic drugs may be of value in the control of bleeding in active ulcerative colitis. Any impairment of systemic fibrinolysis in this condition, however, is potentially harmful. Since pharmacokinetic data after the rectal administration of tranexamic acid are non-existent, plasma concentration and recovery in the urine were recorded after a single dose of 2 g tranexamic acid given rectally to five patients with ulcerative colitis and to five healthy volunteers. The median area under the curve was, for the volunteers, 7.64 mg/L x hr (range: 4.43-11.56) and, for the patients, 13.84 mg/L x hr (range: 9.32-50.22) (P less than .05). The median 24-hour recovery in the urine was 0.8% (0.3-1.1) and 2.7% (1.1-4.0), respectively (P less than .05). The median peak plasma concentration was, for the volunteers, 0.40 mg/L (range: 0.20-0.69) 6 hours after administration and, for the patients, 1.10 mg/L (range: 0.53-2.90) 5 hours after administration (P less than .05). The plasma concentrations and recovery in the urine that were observed in the patients and volunteers were low compared with those seen after oral intake of the same dose. The plasma concentrations did not reach levels that were considered liable to impair systemic fibrinolysis.
Cryogenic adsorption of noncondensibles in the high‐vacuum regime (1989)

Cryogenic vacuum pumps must use cryogenic adsorption means to remove helium, hydrogen, and neon from vacuum systems in order to achieve high vacuum. The capacity of one such cryosorbent, charcoal, is presented in the form of isosteres of hydrogen and helium in the pressure range 10−7–10−4 Torr and temperature range 10–25 K. Certain important dynamic loading effects related to surface mobility and pore clogging are discussed which can, in high‐flow environments, appreciably affect the apparent capacity of the adsorbent. The implications of the static and dynamic results are discussed in relation to practical aspects of cryopumping, i.e., partial or selective regeneration and optimal cryopumping temperatures.
Growth of Creeping Bentgrass on a New Medium for Turfgrass Growth: Clinoptilolite Zeolite‐Amended Sand<sup>1</sup> (1986)

Abstract Clinoptilolite zeolite (Z) is a natural silicate mineral with a three‐dimensional lattice, a high degree of internal tunneling, and a large cation exchange capacity and water holding capacity even when particles are sand‐sized (> 0.5 mm). The hypothesis of this study was that clinoptilolite had the facility to preferentially and internally sorb NH + 4 where it would be physically protected from microbial nitrification resulting in increased plant fertilizer‐N use efficiency. A field study relating growth and quality of creeping bentgrass ( Agrostis palustris Huds.) to ranges of Z amendment of sand and N application rates of 25, 50, or 75 kg ha 1 , was initiated at the University of Arizona, Turfgrass Research Center in the spring of 1981. Germination and establishment were significantly increased by amendment of sand with 5 or 10% Z. Bentgrass quality in August 1981 was significantly increased by the 5% Z treatment. The 10% Z treatment initially did not increase turf quality due to the initial high Na content of the Z. However, by January 1982 both Z treatments gave significantly increased turf quality. At this time, excess N reduced turf quality due to high N‐induced iron chlorosis. Clipping yields from seven harvests and N‐use efficiency increased significantly with Z. Zeolite also increased both root growth as indicated by soil organic carbon and shoot‐clipping P content. Excess N decreased root growth. Phosphorus uptake decreased with N during the hot summer months but increased when temperatures were cool. These data indicate that Z has potential as a new medium for the growth of turfgrass.
[Replacement of dogs as research animals for the approval testing of plant protection products]. (2006)

The replacement of animal testing using dogs for the registration of plant protection products requires a long-term step-by-step procedure. The first goal should be to achieve international agreement on using only one single study in dogs. This would result in a significant short-term reduction of the use of dogs for this purpose. The competent working groups both in the EU and the United States EPA have declared this to be their intended aim. In this context, the 90-day study is to be the preferred study from the scientific as well as the animal welfare points of view. It is proposed to set up an international expert task force within the next 12 months, which should seek to initiate a process of international harmonization of the testing requirements following the example of the International Conference of Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Medical Products, ICH. The goal should be to achieve international agreement on only one single study with dogs within the next 2 to 3 years. In addition, other valid scientific procedures, with which the use of dogs for testing can be reduced, should be critically assessed. A complete replacement of the use of dogs for plant protection product testing is suggested to take place at a later stage. This may be achieved by either deriving safety threshold values by applying a safety factor to chronic NOAEL values obtained in studies using rats for those groups of substances, for which there is evidence that the dog is the more sensitive species, or by combining the chronic rat study with other animal tests stipulated for the registration of pesticides.
Evolution and Resolution of Long-term Cardiac Memory (1998)

CM is a dynamic process for which the final T vector is predicted by the paced QRS vector and which is associated with significant changes in epicardial and endocardial but not midmyocardial cell action potential duration, such that the transmural gradient of repolarization is altered. It is unaccompanied by evidence of altered hemodynamics or flow, requires a change in pathway of activation, and appears to require new protein synthesis.
A New Multifunctional Three-Dimensional Tactile Sensor Using Three Coils (2004)

A new three-dimensional tactile sensor has been developed imitating the human finger based on multifunctional sensing technology. This sensor consists of three coils and two mediums. A step-by-step method is used to realize the multifunctional sensing and in each step, a different quantity is sensed. The processing method in spherical coordinates is introduced to resolve the force vector. On the basis of the unique structure of the sensor and ingenious measurement methods, the authors realized the aim of testing more than one quantity, that is, the magnitude and two direction angles of the force vector, with a single sensor. Here, we discuss the design guideline for and the structure of the sensor, with in-depth studies of the step-by-step measurement method and the experimental results.
De la vie Pelagique Temporaire a la vie Pelagique Permanente (1949)

Depuis longtemps certain aspect larvaire de nombreuses formes plagiques faisant partie du plancton permanent a retenu l'attention des naturalistes et a conduit quelques-uns d'entre eux considrer cette faune comme primitive. Si cette conclusion s'est par la suite avre inexacte et si l'origine littorale de types planctoniques mme les plus spcialiss, comme les Siphonophores par exemple (W. GARSTANG, 1946), a pu tre mise en vidence, il n'en reste pas moins que cet aspect larvaire, qui avait frapp les premiers observateurs, de- meure dans bien des cas vident.
High-speed ip routing with binary decision diagrams based hardware address lookup engine (2003)

With a rapid increase in the data transmission link rates and an immense continuous growth in the Internet traffic, the demand for routers that perform Internet protocol packet forwarding at high speed and throughput is ever increasing. The key issue in the router performance is the IP address lookup mechanism based on the longest prefix matching scheme. Earlier work on fast Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4) routing table lookup includes, software mechanisms based on tree traversal or binary search methods, and hardware schemes based on content addressable memory (CAM), memory lookups and the CPU caching. These schemes depend on the memory access technology which limits their performance. The paper presents a binary decision diagrams (BDDs) based optimized combinational logic for an efficient implementation of a fast address lookup scheme in reconfigurable hardware. The results show that the BDD hardware engine gives a throughput of up to 175.7 million lookups per second (Ml/s) for a large AADS routing table with 33 796 prefixes, a throughput of up to 168.6 Ml/s for an MAE-West routing table with 29 487 prefixes, and a throughput of up to 229.3 Ml/s for the Pacbell routing table with 6822 prefixes. Besides the performance of the scheme, routing table update and the scalability to Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6) issues are discussed.
Obscurin Is a Ligand for Small Ankyrin 1 in Skeletal Muscle (2003)

The factors that organize the internal membranes of cells are still poorly understood. We have been addressing this question using striated muscle cells, which have regular arrays of membranes that associate with the contractile apparatus in stereotypic patterns. Here we examine links between contractile structures and the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) established by small ankyrin 1 (sAnk1), a approximately 17.5-kDa integral protein of network SR. We used yeast two-hybrid to identify obscurin, a giant Rho-GEF protein, as the major cytoplasmic ligand for sAnk1. The binding of obscurin to the cytoplasmic sequence of sAnk1 is mediated by a sequence of obscurin that is C-terminal to its last Ig-like domain. Binding was confirmed in two in vitro assays. In one, GST-obscurin, bound to glutathione-matrix, specifically adsorbed native sAnk1 from muscle homogenates. In the second, MBP-obscurin bound recombinant GST-sAnk1 in nitrocellulose blots. Kinetic studies using surface plasmon resonance yielded a K(D) = 130 nM. On subcellular fractionation, obscurin was concentrated in the myofibrillar fraction, consistent with its identification as sarcomeric protein. Nevertheless, obscurin, like sAnk1, concentrated around Z-disks and M-lines of striated muscle. Our findings suggest that obscurin binds sAnk1, and are the first to document a specific and direct interaction between proteins of the sarcomere and the SR.
An effective garbage collection strategy for parallel programming languages on large scale distributed-memory machines (1997)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a garbage collection scheme on large-scale distributed-memory computers and reports various experimental results. The collector is based on the conservative GC library by Boehm & Weiser. Each processor traces local pointers using the GC library while traversing remote pointers by exchanging "mark messages" between processors. It exhibits a promising performance---in the most space-intensive settings we tested, the total collection overhead ranges from 5% up to 15% of the application running time (excluding idle time). We not only examine basic performance figures such as the total overhead or latency of a global collection, but also demonstrate how local collection scheduling strategies affect application performance. In our collector, a local collection is scheduled either independently or synchronously. Experimental results show that the benefit of independent local collections has been overstated in the literature. Independent local collections slowed down application performance to 40%, by increasing the average communication latency. Synchronized local collections exhibit much more robust performance characteristics than independent local collections and the overhead for global synchronization is not significant. Furthermore, we show that an adaptive collection scheduler can select the appropriate local collection strategy based on the application's behavior. The collector has been used in a concurrent object-oriented language ABCL/f and the performance is measured on a large-scale parallel computer (256 processors) using four non-trivial applications written in ABCL/f.
Improving Fingerprint Verification Using Minutiae Triplets (2012)

Improving fingerprint matching algorithms is an active and important research area in fingerprint recognition. Algorithms based on minutia triplets, an important matcher family, present some drawbacks that impact their accuracy, such as dependency to the order of minutiae in the feature, insensitivity to the reflection of minutiae triplets, and insensitivity to the directions of the minutiae relative to the sides of the triangle. To alleviate these drawbacks, we introduce in this paper a novel fingerprint matching algorithm, named M3gl. This algorithm contains three components: a new feature representation containing clockwise-arranged minutiae without a central minutia, a new similarity measure that shifts the triplets to find the best minutiae correspondence, and a global matching procedure that selects the alignment by maximizing the amount of global matching minutiae. To make M3gl faster, it includes some optimizations to discard non-matching minutia triplets without comparing the whole representation. In comparison with six verification algorithms, M3gl achieves the highest accuracy in the lowest matching time, using FVC2002 and FVC2004 databases.
TSNLP - Test Suites for Natural Language Processing (1996)

The TSNLP project has investigated various aspects of the construction, maintenance and application of systematic test suites as diagnostic and evaluation tools for NLP applications. The paper summarizes the motivation and main results of the project: besides the solid methodological foundation, TSNLP has produced substantial multi-purpose and multi-user test suites for three European languages together with a set of specialized tools that facilitate the construction, extension, maintenance, retrieval, and customization of the test data. As TSNLP results, including the data and technology, are made publicly available, the project presents a valuable linguistic resourc e that has the potential of providing a wide-spread pre-standard diagnostic and evaluation tool for both developers and users of NLP applications.
Light output performance of red AlGaInP-based light emitting diodes with different chip geometries and structures (2018)

We investigated the optical and electrical properties of red AlGaInP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as functions of chip size, p-cladding layer thickness, and the number of multi-quantum wells (MQWs). External quantum efficiency (EQE) decreased with decreasing chip size. The ideality factor gradually increased from 1.47 to 1.95 as the chip size decreased from 350 μm to 15 μm. This indicates that the smaller LEDs experienced larger carrier loss due to Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative recombination at sidewall defects. S parameter, defined as ∂lnL/∂lnI, increased with decreasing chip size. Simulations and experimental results showed that smaller LEDs with 5 pairs of MQWs had over 30% higher IQE at 5 A/cm<sup>2</sup> than the LED with 20 pairs of MQWs. These results show that the optimization of the number of QWs is needed to obtain maximum EQE of micro-LEDs.
A live vaccine against tick-born encephalitis: integrated studies. III. Response of man to a single dose of the E5 "14" clone (Langat virus). (1975)

The clinical and immunological events in volunteers following administration of 5 and 6 dex newborn mouse intracerebral LD5O (NmicLD5O) of the E5 "14" virus clone, segregated from the Langat TP21 E5 strain (tick-borne encephalitis-TE-complex) and propagated in 7 days old SPF chick embryos, are reported. The experimental vaccine, containing the cloned virus, carrying a set of genetic markers of an ic(+) sc s(+/-) t e u (s) N character, caused in volunteers no clinically recognizable effects, but elicited an immune response in them, as determined in PS-cell culture neutralization tests with various TE (western and eastern subtype) strains. In all vaccines, given the virus intramuscularly, seroconversions from negativity to positivity were observed, with antibody titres ranging from 4-128. The parenteral virus administration was superior to the oral route.
Human circulatory and thermoregulatory adaptations with heat acclimation and exercise in a hot, dry environment. (1993)

1. Heat acclimation was induced in eight subjects by asking them to exercise until exhaustion at 60% of maximum oxygen consumption rate (VO2) for 9-12 consecutive days at an ambient temperature of 40 degrees C, with 10% relative humidity (RH). Five control subjects exercised similarly in a cool environment, 20 degrees C, for 90 min for 9-12 days; of these, three were exposed to exercise at 40 degrees C on the first and last day. 2. Acclimation had occurred as seen by the increased average endurance from 48 min to 80 min, the lower rate of rise in the heart rate (HR) and core temperature and the increased sweating. 3. Cardiac output increased significantly from the first to the final heat exposure from 19.6 to 21.4 l min-1; this was possibly due to an increased plasma volume and stroke volume. 4. The mechanism for the increased plasma volume may be an isosmotic volume expansion caused by influx of protein to the vascular compartment, and a sodium retention induced by a significant increase in aldosterone. 5. The exhaustion coincided with, or was elicited when, core temperature reached 39.7 +/- 0.15 degrees C; with progressing acclimation processes it took progressively longer to reach this level. However, at this point we found no reduction in cardiac output, muscle (leg) blood flow, no changes in substrate utilization or availability, and no recognized accumulated 'fatigue' substances. 6. It is concluded that the high core temperature per se, and not circulatory failure, is the critical factor for the exhaustion during exercise in heat stress.
Multiphase flow reconstruction in oil pipelines by portable capacitance tomography (2010)

A portable capacitance tomography system for real-time imaging of multiphase flows is developed and presented in this work. The earlier research shows that the Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) System is applicable in flow visualization (image reconstruction). The acquired concentration profile that obtains from capacitance measurements is able to imaging liquid and gas mixture in pipelines meanwhile the system development is designed to attach on a vessel. The electrode plates which act as the sensor has been assembled and fixed on the pipeline, thus it causes difficulty for the production to have any new process installation in the future. Therefore portable capacitance is a new approach technology on ECT system. The purpose of the system is for on-line monitoring of concentration profile in multiphase flow-rate measurement system for oil, water and gas flow in oil pipelines.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Peptide Is Required for Increased Trabecular Bone Volume in Parathyroid Hormone-Null Mice (2004)

We investigated the relative contributions of PTH and PTHrP to the skeletal phenotype of mice deficient in PTH (PTH(-/-)). PTH(-/-) mice and PTH(-/-) mice lacking one allele encoding PTHrP (PTH(-/-)PTHrP(+/-)) were compared. Both mutants displayed similar biochemical abnormalities of hypoparathyroidism, but skeletal PTHrP mRNA and protein were decreased in PTH(-/-)PTHrP(+/ -) mice. PTH(-/-) mice had increased trabecular bone volume with diminished bone turnover. PTHrP haploinsufficiency reduced trabecular bone of the PTH(-/-) mice to levels below those in wild-type animals by decreasing osteoprogenitor cell recruitment, enhancing osteoblast apoptosis, and diminishing bone formation. The results show that the increased trabecular bone volume in PTH-deficient mice is due to diminished PTH-induced osteoclastic bone resorption and persistent PTHrP-stimulated osteoblastic bone formation. They also illustrate the changing role of PTHrP during bone development, demonstrate its bone- forming function in the postnatal state, and support its pharmacological potential as an anabolic agent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Carbon—Nitrogen Materials by Thermolysis of Monomers and Dimers of 4,5-Dicyanoimidazole (1995)

Our preparation of materials with high nitrogen and no hydrogen content is an effort to obtain thermally stable materials with low flammability. The thermolysis of 2-chloro-4,5-dicyanoimidazole and 2-(2-chloro-4,5-dicyano-1-imidazolyl)-4,5-dicyanoimidazole functionalized with -H, and -I as leaving groups at the 1-position were examined. Thermolysis of the 2-chloro-4,5-dicyanoimidazole derivatives between 100-290°C were found to yield Tris(imidazo)[1,2-a:1,2-c:1,2-e]-1,3,5-triazine-2,3,5,6,8,9-hexacarbonitrile (HTT) with (C5N4)3 composition. Thermolysis of HTT at 490-500°C resulted in a carbon-nitrogen material with C/N = 1.020, while the thermolysis of HTT at 1070°C resulted in a carbonaceous material. The examination of the thermal properties of HTT and its thermal decomposition products demonstrate bulk thermal stability to 350°C. The thermolysis of the 2-(2-chloro-4,5-dicyano-1-imidazolyl)-4,5-dicyanoimidazol derivatives and their products are under further investigation.
Déterminisme génétique de la résistance au puceron vert (Myzus persicae) chez le pêcher. Résultats complémentaires (1994)

Chez le pcher, une tude gntique du mode d'hrdit de la rsistance Myzus persicae a t faite partir d'un gniteur rsistant S2678:47, et d'un gniteur sensible S1161:12. Cette rsistance a un dterminisme gntique simple: elle est dominante et monognique (symboles, Rm1, rm1). Il n'y a pas de liaison entre le locus qui dtermine la rsistance et les loci qui concernent le port pleureur (PI, pl), le triangle ligeux (T, t), le type de fleur (Sh, sh) et la couleur de la chair du fruit (Y, y). La rsistance s'est maintenue sur 4 gnrations conscutives et n'a pas jusqu'ici t surmonte. Cette tude fait partie d'un programme de cration de varits rsistantes Myzus persicae.