gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of monoamine reuptake inhibitor NS 2330 in advanced Parkinson's disease (2004)

Dopamine reuptake blockers, by enhancing and stabilizing intrasynaptic transmitter levels, could help palliate motor dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the acute effects of the monoamine uptake inhibitor NS 2330 to those of placebo in 9 relatively advanced parkinsonian patients. At the dose administered, no change in parkinsonian scores was found when NS 2330 was given alone or with levodopa. Moreover, NS 2330 coadministration did not appear to alter dyskinesia severity or the duration of the antiparkinsonian response to levodopa. The drug was well tolerated. Under the conditions of this study, the present results failed to support the usefulness of dopamine reuptake inhibition in the treatment of advanced Parkinson's disease.
Stabilizing effect of amphiphilic excipients on the freeze‐thawing and freeze‐drying of lactate dehydrogenase (1994)

The effects of amphiphilic excipients on the inactivation of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying were studied. Some amphiphilic excipients such as hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD), CHAPS, polyethylene glycol (PEG) 3350, and sucrose fatty acid monoester prevented LDH inactivation during freeze-thawing and freeze-drying at a lower concentration than sugars and amino acids. Polyoxyethylene 9 lauryl ether and PEG 400 protected LDH during freeze-thawing but not during freeze-drying. The buffer concentration of the solution to be freeze-dried (10, 50, and 200 mM) affected the stabilizing effect of trehalose, but not that of HP-beta-CD. (c) 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Combined photoacoustic and oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance system for quantitative photoacoustic imaging in turbid media (2010)

While photoacoustic imaging is capable of producing high-resolution biomedical images with optical absorption contrast, optical property quantification has thus far remained challenging. One reason for this is that laser-induced photoacoustic signal amplitudes are proportional to not only the local optical absorption coefficient, but also the local laser fluence in the tissue. Unfortunately, local laser fluence is often unknown, but could possibly be estimated if local bulk tissue optical properties were known. One method to estimate tissue optical properties is a technique known as oblique incidence diffuse reflectance (OIR). We report on an integrated OIR and photoacoustic imaging system and demonstrate, using phantom experiments, improved ability to quantitatively estimate optical properties of a turbid medium.
Event Recognition in Videos by Learning from Heterogeneous Web Sources (2013)

In this work, we propose to leverage a large number of loosely labeled web videos (e.g., from YouTube) and web images (e.g., from Google/Bing image search) for visual event recognition in consumer videos without requiring any labeled consumer videos. We formulate this task as a new multi-domain adaptation problem with heterogeneous sources, in which the samples from different source domains can be represented by different types of features with different dimensions (e.g., the SIFT features from web images and space-time (ST) features from web videos) while the target domain samples have all types of features. To effectively cope with the heterogeneous sources where some source domains are more relevant to the target domain, we propose a new method called Multi-domain Adaptation with Heterogeneous Sources (MDA-HS) to learn an optimal target classifier, in which we simultaneously seek the optimal weights for different source domains with different types of features as well as infer the labels of unlabeled target domain data based on multiple types of features. We solve our optimization problem by using the cutting-plane algorithm based on group based multiple kernel learning. Comprehensive experiments on two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of MDA-HS for event recognition in consumer videos.
Efficacy and tolerability of azelastine nasal spray in patients with allergic rhinitis compared to placebo and budesonide. (1993)

The efficacy and safety of a new antiallergic drug, intranasal azelastine (CAS 58581-89-8), in the treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis was investigated in a 16 patient double-blind comparison with placebo and another 36 patient open comparison with budesonide (CAS 51333-22-3). Efficacy was assessed in terms of 13 signs and symptoms of allergic rhinitis and tolerability on the basis of spontaneously reported adverse events. In the first study, compared to placebo a one week's treatment with azelastine resulted in substantial relief of sneezing (p = 0.009), nasal itching (p = 0.009), swelling of the nasal mucosa (p = 0.067) and rhinorrhoea (p = 0.262) in patients having the above symptoms at baseline of at least moderate to severe intensity. According to the judgement of the supervising physician, 7/8 azelastine-treated patients but none receiving placebo responded well to therapy (p = 0.001). In the second study a two weeks' treatment with intranasal azelastine was found not to differ significantly from budesonide 67% of patients showed improvement in principal signs of rhinitis after one week's therapy irrespective of treatment. Nasal symptoms, including nasal obstruction, were most markedly improved by both treatments. Azelastine, but not budesonide, also relieved ocular symptoms associated with rhinitis. Adverse events did not occur more frequently under azelastine than under placebo treatment and were often of uncertain relationship to treatment.
Optofluidic Fabry–Pérot cavity biosensor with integrated flow-through micro-/nanochannels (2011)

An optofluidic Fabry–Pérot cavity label-free biosensor with integrated flow-through micro-/nanochannels is proposed and demonstrated, which takes advantages of the large surface-to-volume ratio for analyte concentration and high detection sensitivity and built-in fluidic channels for rapid analyte delivery. The operating principle is first discussed, followed by assembly of a robust sensing system. Real-time measurements are performed to test its sensing feasibility and capability including bulk solvent change and removal/binding of molecules from/onto the internal surface of fluidic channels. The results show that this sensor provides a very promising platform for rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput biological and chemical sensing.
Boredom at Work: Implications for the Design of Jobs with Variable Requirements (1985)

Jobs with variable requirements such as security guard positions involve long periods of relative inactivity or the performance of repetitive tasks interrupted by emergencies demanding alertness and rapid and accurate decision-making. They are particularly difficult to staff because those people who are most able to cope in emergencies are probably most likely to be bored during normal conditions. This report reviews the literature on work-related boredom and integrates what is known about worker characteristics, objective characteristics of the task, and subjective feelings about the job that are related to being bored at work. Repetitiveness, reduced complexity, constraint, and underutilization of skills contribute to job-related boredom. People who are intrinsically motivated, who introduce change into the situation by varying aspects of the job, or who are active daydreamers or visualizers are less bored or better able to cope with boredom when it occurs. Approaches that hold promise for decreasing boredom include selecting people with high tolerance for boredom, training them in coping techniques, emphasizing the importance of the job or career development, increasing self-control over how the tasks are performed, and redesigning the jobs by increasing complexity or decreasing constraint. Because boredom has not been the topic of much research, the results of the review were limited to the identification of hypotheses that require further testing.
Stretcher design: Problems and solutions (1989)

The traditional stretcher would appear to represent a reasonable auxiliary support for the canvas if some care is taken to understand the functions and inherent dangers in its use. Sound stretcher-making principles have been largely ignored or lost in this century and it has become necessary to restate many common sense details when making out a specification for a new stretcher. Diagrams, B/W photographs, materials and references.
Coordinated Control of EGR Valve and Intake Throttle for Better Fuel Economy in Diesel Engines (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Modern diesel engines are frequently equipped with an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve and intake throttle (ITH). The intake throttle serves to depress intake manifold pressure, create a greater pressure differential across the EGR valve, and enhance the ability to flow EGR at low speed and load conditions. A conventional approach to controlling the intake throttle is to schedule its desired position as a function of engine speed and load. In this paper we present a coordinated approach to the control of EGR valve and intake throttle.</div>
ANATOMICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN URETHRA AND CLITORIS (1998)

A series of detailed dissections suggest that current anatomical descriptions of female human urethral and genital anatomy are inaccurate.
Infestation, distribution pattern and identity of root-knot nematodes associated with vegetable crops in the districts of meerut division in Uttar Pradesh, India (1990)

A case study undertaken to determine the infestation, and the distribution pattern and identity of root-knot nematodes associated with vegetable crops in the districts of Meerut division in Uttar Pradesh (India) showed that root-knot disease incidence in the area was fairly high. In all the five districts about 50% fields were infested and above 36% root-samples of vegetables from the districts were infected with root-knot nematodes. Intensity of the disease in different localities of the districts and on different vegetables showed wide variations. Root-gall index/egg mass index ranged from 2.5/0.5. Cucumber and eggplant were most affected crops followed by okra, tomato and pepper. Cauliflower and cabbage were less affected. M. incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria were identified to be present in the area associated with the vegetables. The species were found either singly or in mixed populations. M. incognita showed highest frequency (75.6%) and was dominant species in the area. M. javanica (33.1%) was second most frequent species followed by M. arenaria (25.7%).
Linear Frequency Modulation Derived Polyphase Pulse Compression Codes (1982)

Two new polyphase pulse compression codes and efficient digital implementation techniques are presented that are very Doppler tolerant and that can provide large pulse compression ratios. One of these codes is tolerant of precompression bandwidth limitations.
Transmitter diversity for DS-CDMA with MMSE decision feedback (2002)

We study the forward link of a DS-CDMA system with transmitter diversity, assuming the channel is known at the receiver but not at the transmitter. Space-time coding is compared to orthogonal designs for a block fading channel, including frequency-selective fading. A minimum mean squared error (MMSE) decision-feedback detector (DFD) suppresses multiple-access interference and cancels self-interference from the multiple transmitter antennas. This receiver can be implemented adaptively in the absence of channel estimates. We consider both hard decision-feedback and iterative soft decision-feedback in combination with MAP decoding. Our results show that for the cases considered, the hard and soft DFDs perform close to the receiver with perfect cancellation, which offers significant gain with respect to the orthogonal designs.
Selenium Poisoning in Livestock: A Review and Progress (1989)

Selenium in certain soils may be taken up by plants in amounts to render them toxic. Seleniferous forage can be found in most of the western states. Intoxication of livestock by seleniferous plants has been classified as acute and chronic. Acute poisoning results from consumption of plants having high levels of Se; chronic Se poisoning has been described in two forms—alkali disease and blind staggers. Alkali disease is said to result from the consumption of seleniferous grains and grasses, and is manifest by loss of hair, lameness, and loss of weight. Blind staggers is said to result from the consumption of Se indicator plants and is manifest by wandering, circling, loss of ability to swallow, and blindness. Some research casts doubt on the above classification of Se poisoning. Research using pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus) indicates that the source of Se does not alter the type of lesion or signs of poisoning observed. There are data available that suggest that blind staggers is not related to Se poisoning.
Neurotransmitter blockers as antifoulants against planktonic larvae of the barnacle<i>Balanus amphitrite</i>and the mussel<i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> (1998)

Since neurotransmitters influence larval settlement and metamorphosis in many species of sessile marine organisms, neurotransmitter blockers were tested as potential antifouling agents against barnacles and mussels. The serotonin uptake blockers amitriptyline and imipramine inhibited attachment of larvae of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite in a dose‐dependent manner in in vitro assays using polyethylene ropes as the settlement substratum. The α‐adrenergic blocker phentolamine inhibited attachment of both B. amphitrite cyprids and pediveligers of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Although inhibiting attachment, these three compounds significantly induced cyprid metamorphosis into juveniles. The results suggest that these neurotransmitter blockers may find application as a new type of antifoulant against planktonic larvae of both barnacles and mussels.
An algebraic model for parameterized shape editing (2012)

We present an approach to high-level shape editing that adapts the structure of the shape while maintaining its global characteristics. Our main contribution is a new algebraic model of shape structure that characterizes shapes in terms of linked translational patterns. The space of shapes that conform to this characterization is parameterized by a small set of numerical parameters bounded by a set of linear constraints. This convex space permits a direct exploration of variations of the input shape. We use this representation to develop a robust interactive system that allows shapes to be intuitively manipulated through sparse constraints.
Analysis on Genetic Relationship of Oxya chinensis and Oxya japonica from Xuzhou and Pingshan, China (2006)

在 Oxya chinensis 人口和 Oxya 装饰用的梨树人口之中的基因关系从 Xuzhou 收集了城市，江苏省和 Pingshan 县， Hebei 省，中国被随机的放大多态的脱氧核糖核酸(RAPD ) 标记分析。从 200 ～ 2200 bp 的 125 个脱氧核糖核酸乐队的一个总数被 10 份随机的教材从 43 个蚂蚱个人在脱氧核糖核酸样品放大。(99%) 123 这些乐队是多态的。香农的索引出现了在 O 以内的基因差异。chinensis (0.3432 ) 比 O 的高。装饰用的梨树(0.2781 ) 。Nei 在 O 之间的遗传距离。chinensis 人口和 O。来自一样的区域的装饰用的梨树人口是不到那在来自二个不同区域的人口之间。dendrogram 与算术一般水准(UPGMA ) 用未加权的对组方法基于 Nei RAPD 标记的遗传距离被构造并且加入邻居(NJ ) 方法。簇分析显示所有个人被组织进二主要的簇。O。从 Xuzhou 和 Pingshan 的 chinensis 人口形成了一簇，和 O。从二个区域的装饰用的梨树人口属于另一簇。结果证明 RAPD 能检测多型性在种类以内在个人之中，并且在密切相关的种类之中区分次要的差别。
An experimental analysis of liver development. (1975)

Liver differentiation results from cellular interactions between the mesoderm and the endoderm. The presumptive hepatic endoderm is determined to differentiate into parenchymal cells from the 4-5 somite stage under the influence of the precardiac mesoderm. Later on, the endodermal cells proliferate and give rise to the hepatic buds from which strands of glandular cells are derived. The mesenchymal liver component stimulates both proliferation and differentiation of the endodermal cells. Its action is, however, not specific since the same effect is obtained with all the mesenchymes derived from the lateral plate mesoderm. The characteristics of the mesenchymal liver component were studied. In both quail and chick a cholinesterase activity was detected in the mesenchymal liver cells, which show an extensive development of the granular ergastoplasmic reticulum and of the Golgi apparatus. A close contact between endodermal and mesenchymal cells seems to be required for the cell interactions to occur. In monolayer cultures, glycogen synthesis ceases in the hepatocytes which after some days become fibroblastic in appearance. However, such a dedifferentiation is not irreversible. If reassociated with hepatic mesenchyme the fibroplastic cultures can recover their ability to synthesize and store glycogen.
From Axial to Road-Centre Lines: A New Representation for Space Syntax and a New Model of Route Choice for Transport Network Analysis (2007)

Axial analysis is one of the fundamental components of space syntax. The space syntax community has suggested that it picks up qualities of configurational relationships between spaces not illuminated by other representations. However, critics have questioned the absolute necessity of axial lines to space syntax, as well as the exact definition of axial lines. Why not another representation? In particular, why not road-centre lines, which are easily available in many countries for use within geographical information systems? Here I propose that a recently introduced method of analysis, angular segment analysis, can marry axial and road-centre line representations, and in doing so reflect a cognitive model of how route choice decisions may be made. I show that angular segment analysis can be applied generally to road-centre line segments or axial segments, through a simple length-weighted normalisation procedure that makes values between the two maps comparable. I make comparative quantitative assessments for a real urban system, not just investigating angular analysis between axial and road-centre line networks, but also including more intuitive measures based on metric (or block) distances between locations. I show that the new angular segment analysis algorithm produces better correlation with observed vehicular flow than both standard axial analysis and metric distance measures. The results imply that there is no reason why space syntax inspired measures cannot be combined with transportation network analysis representations in order to create a new, cognitively coherent, model of movement in the city.
Directional porosity of porcine small‐intestinal submucosa (1993)

Small-intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been shown to be a promising biomaterial for vascular graft applications. This study examines the directionality property of SIS porosity using 35 SIS specimens from 13 pigs. In addition, the effects of the weight of the donor pig, pre-conditioning of 13 additional SIS specimens, and the duration of the test of five additional SIS specimens on such porosity are reported. The porosity from serosal to mucosal direction was found to be four times greater than the porosity in the opposite direction. The weight of the donor pig was not found to be an important factor in SIS porosity. Preconditioning served to increase the average serosal porosity index at 120 mm Hg static water pressure from 2.99 to 8.33 mL/(min cm2). The porosity in the mucosal direction was not affected by preconditioning. Porosity in both directions decreased with increasing test duration. The directionality property of SIS porosity may be an important factor in its success as a vascular graft. The term 'porosity' is used throughout this article, but current standards also refer to the term 'permeability' to describe the passage of liquid through a vascular graft.
Determining the best animal model for human cytochrome P450 activities: a comparison of mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, micropig, monkey and man (2000)

1. In the present study, nine cytochrome P450 enzyme activities in seven species were characterized to allow a practical means of comparing this important metabolic step between various test animals and man. 2. Enzyme activities and kinetic parameters were first determined towards marker substrates for human cytochrome P450 enzymes. Inhibition profiles were then determined with both antibodies directed against various cytochrome P450 enzymes and with chemical inhibitors. 3. Both the enzyme kinetic parameters/enzyme activities, and the inhibition profiles obtained for the animal species were compared with those obtained for human liver microsomes in order to postulate the animal species most similar to man with regard to each individual cytochrome P450 enzyme activity. 4. It was found that, as expected, none of the tested species was similar to man for all the measured P450 enzyme activities, but that in each species only some of the P450 enzyme activities could be considered as similar to man. 5. When it is known which human cytochrome P450 enzymes are involved in the metabolism of a compound, the comparative data presented here can be used for selecting the most suitable species for in vitro and in it no experiments.
Sensorless Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Extended Kalman Filter (2009)

Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) was applied to permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) position sensorless control in this paper, and this algorithm was simulated with Matlab/Simulink, and finally this algorithm was realized in the system with a TMS320F2812 controller. Both the simulation and experimental results proved the effectiveness of this algorithm, as well as higher speed,location identification accuracy, and better static and dynamic performance and anti-interference performance. This paper also takes some measures to improve the low-speed performance, which has a very important practical significance.
Fabrication and Testing of Bulk-Type Solid State Batteries Based on a Garnet Oxide Electrolyte (2015)

Li-ion batteries have become the preferred energy storage technology for automotive traction applications. Li-ion batteries have several advantages over competing technologies, including higher energy and power density. However, Li-ion batteries do not have sufficient energy density to provide the long (~500 mile) range that customers are accustomed to in a reasonable packaging volume. In addition, the flammable liquid electrolyte in Li-ion batteries presents safety concerns that must be carefully managed. Potential high-energy replacements for current Li-ion batteries are Li-S, Li-air and solid state batteries (SSB). Among these technologies, SSBs are the one technology offering both higher energy density and a significant reduction in safety risks over Li-ion batteries. In this study, the performance of a bulk-type SSB was evaluated. This cell was fabricated using lithium metal as anode, lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) as a solid electrolyte and LiCoO 2 as cathode. LLZO solid electrolyte was prepared using a solid state synthesis method. In this method, precursors were mixed well and calcined. Calcined LLZO was pressed into thick pellets, sintered and then sliced into thin (300 µm to 400 µm) sheets for cell testing. The measured ionic conductivity of these sheets was ~3 x10 -4 S/cm. Composite cathode layers were fabricated by coating one side of several LLZO sheets with slurry containing LLZO and LiCoO 2 , which was dried and then sintered at various temperatures. After sintering, the other side of the LLZO sheet was attached to a lithium metal (anode) to form a solid state cell. The impedance contributions from the solid electrolyte, the anode/electrolyte interface and the cathode/electrolyte interface was determined for each cell using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). EIS data showed that the main contribution to the cell impedances resulted from the cathode/electrolyte interfaces. Further performance and characterization studies are ongoing and its results will be presented at the meeting.