gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large eddy simulation of turbulent flows in complex and moving rigid geometries using the immersed boundary method (2005)

A large eddy simulation (LES) methodology for turbulent flows in complex rigid geometries is developed using the immersed boundary method (IBM). In the IBM body force terms are added to the momentum equations to represent a complex rigid geometry on a fixed Cartesian mesh. IBM combines the efficiency inherent in using a fixed Cartesian grid and the ease of tracking the immersed boundary at a set of moving Lagrangian points. Specific implementation strategies for the IBM are described in this paper. A two-sided forcing scheme is presented and shown to work well for moving rigid boundary problems. Turbulence and flow unsteadiness are addressed by LES using higher order numerical schemes with an accurate and robust subgrid scale (SGS) stress model. The combined LES–IBM methodology is computationally cost-effective for turbulent flows in moving geometries with prescribed surface trajectories. Several example problems are solved to illustrate the capability of the IBM and LES methodologies. The IBM is validated for the laminar flow past a heated cylinder in a channel and the combined LES–IBM methodology is validated for turbulent film-cooling flows involving heat transfer. In both cases predictions are in good agreement with measurements. LES–IBM is then used to study turbulent fluid mixing inside the complex geometry of a trapped vortex combustor. Finally, to demonstrate the full potential of LES–IBM, a complex moving geometry problem of stator–rotor interaction is solved. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NARROW CURIE-POINT SWITCHING TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS IN Mn–Bi FILMS (1970)

Mn–Bi films can be prepared such that the magnetic field controlling Curie-point switching is on the order of 30 Oe.
Intensive Care: A Concise Textbook (1996)

Planning, Organization and Management Outcome and costs Applied Cardiovascular and Respiratory Physiology Assessment and Monitoring of Cardiovascular Function Shock, Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure Assessment and Monitoring of Respiratory Function Respiratory Support Respiratory Failure Myocardial Ischaemia, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Management of Arrhythmias Trauma General Aspects of Managing Critically Ill Patients Infection in the Critically Ill Acute Renal Failure Acute Liver Failure Neurological Disorders Gastrointestinal Disorders Endocrine Emergencies Obstetric Intensive Care Poisoning Disturbances of Body Temperature Transporting the Critically Ill Appendix: Normal values.
Clinical trial of Myrcia uniflora and Bauhinia forficata leaf extracts in normal and diabetic patients. (1990)

Regulatory T cells (T(reg)) inhibit the generation of host-versus-tumor immunity via suppression of tumor-specific effector T-cell responses and development of immune tolerance to neoplastic cells. The transcription factor forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is an intracellular key molecule for T(reg) development and function and is considered to represent the most specific T(reg) cell marker. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency and prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) T(reg) in colorectal cancer (CRC) stratified by mismatch-repair (MMR) status. Using the tissue microarray technique, 1,420 tumor samples were immunohistochemically stained for FOXP3 and stratified into 1,197 MMR-proficient and 223 MMR-deficient CRCs. Additionally, the 1,197 MMR-proficient CRCs were randomized into 2 subgroups (Test Groups 1 and 2; n = 613 and 584, respectively). In both MMR-proficient CRC subgroups high frequency tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) T(reg) was associated with early T stage (p = 0.001 and <0.001), tumor location (p = 0.01 and 0.045) and increased 5-year survival rate (p = 0.004 and <0.001), whereas in MMR-deficient CRCs an association between FOXP3(+) T(reg) and absence of lymph node involvement (p = 0.023), absence of vascular invasion (p = 0.023) and improved 5-year survival rate (p = 0.029) could be detected. In a multivariable analysis including age, gender, T stage, N stage, tumor grade, vascular invasion, and tumor border configuration, a high FOXP3(+) T(reg) frequency was an independent prognostic factor in both MMR-proficient CRC subsets (p = 0.019 and p = 0.007), but not in the MMR-deficient CRCs (p = 0.13). Therefore, high frequency of tumor-infiltrating FOXP3(+) T(reg) is associated with early T stage and independently predicts improved disease-specific survival in MMR-proficient CRC patients.
Study of digital LED driving technology based on auto-identifying open strings in LEDs array (2011)

A novel two-stage digital control driver for the high bright LEDs is proposed. The front stage is a PFC circuit controlled by the chip MC33262, the DC/DC stage is a half bridge circuit controlled by the micro-controller. The output current of the controller is adjusted according to the number of the strings in the open-circuit state, so the current of a single LED ring is always nearly constant even when several LED rings are in the open-circuit state. In the paper, the design process of the system is presented, an 112W prototype is presented in the laboratory, and the experimental results verify the control method proposed in the paper.
Direct activation of platelets by heat is the possible trigger of the coagulopathy of heat stroke (1990)

The trigger of the coagulopathy that complicates heat stroke is obscure, but direct platelet activation by heat is a possibility we set out to study. Platelet rich plasma (PRP), prepared from blood donors, was incubated at increasing temperatures (38-45 degrees C) and then platelet aggregation was undertaken in response to decreasing low doses of ADP (less than 2.0 mumol/l). Hyperaggregability was manifested when the incubation temperature reached 43 degrees C and was maximum at 44 degrees C before complete inhibition of responses at 45 degrees C. The platelet hyperactivity induced by heating at 44 degrees C persisted after reincubating PRP samples at 37 degrees C. These platelet responses could not be triggered in PRP samples prepared from subjects after the overnight ingestion of aspirin or after the addition of aspirin to PRP before starting the heating procedure. However, aspirin was less effective when added to PRP after the appearance of the heat-induced hyperaggregability. In conclusion, these results indicate that platelets can be activated directly by heat. This mechanism which may be operational in heat stroke, is unaffected by cooling (body cooling being basic in the management of heat stroke) but can be prevented by the early administration of aspirin.
The thiol-disulphide system (1929)

was first developed by Warburg, whose view seems to be that the essential biological role of the thiol group in such compounds as glutathione is the provision of a suitable vehicle for the exhibition of the catalytic activity of iron. The matter is of some importance since the quantitative establishment of the above contention would undoubtedly lead to a reconciliation of many conflicting views of the mechanism of biological oxidation-reduction.
Student Views of the Geo-Industry (2004)

A survey was performed at two universities to gather information on undergraduate’s perceptions of the geo-industry. The surveys were administered to students in a required soil mechanics course and in geotechnical elective courses at The University of Texas at Austin and Villanova University. These two universities - a large, public institution and a small, private institution - provided an interesting range of responses. Example questions include: What do you think geotechnical engineers do?; What is appealing about a career in the geo-industry?; and What is the highest degree you intend to seek? Demographic information, such as the gender and GPA of the respondent, was also collected to provide a context for the survey data. The key findings include: most students recognize the importance of continuing education; the introductory soils class is pivotal in generating interest in geotechnical engineering; the variety of work, the combination of field and office work, and the judgement required are very appealing to students; students find the uncertainty inherent in geotechnical engineering unappealing; they are also concerned that geotechnical engineering would be monotonous or boring; and very few students had work experience in geotechnical engineering. Academics can use the results of the survey to improve their geotechnical course materials, and practitioners will find the results useful when recruiting students for summer internships and permanent employment after graduation.
Effect of Contactor Area on the Vibrotactile Threshold (1963)

Vibrotactile thresholds were determined as a function of frequency, contactor configuration, and contactor area. It was found that contactor area is a more important stimulus parameter than the gradient or curvature of displacement. The absolute threshold for vibration seems to be independent of frequency when very small contactors are used and independent of area at low frequencies. For higher values of these parameters, it strongly depends on both. It seems reasonable to conclude that responses to mechanical displacement of the skin are mediated by more than one receptor system, although direct evidence is still lacking.
A 1.3 V noise-cancelling low noise amplifier for ultra wideband applications (2016)

An ultra wideband (UWB) noise-cancelling low-noise amplifier (NCLNA) is proposed in this paper. A common-gate input stage with an input matching network is implemented to make input resistance matching to 50-ohm. The power consumption of the presented NCLNA can be lower by using current-reuse architecture. A noise cancelling technique is adopted to decrease the noise generated by the first common-gate stage. The designed NCLNA is implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology. The simulated results show that the noise figure is among 2.65-3.45 dB within the full bandwidth of 3.1-10.6 GHz. The maximum gain is 15.33 dB in the desired UWB band. Both the input and output reflection coefficients are below -10 dB. The linearity IIP3 is -5.5 dBm at 6 GHz. The core circuit consumption is 9.13mW under a 1.3 V supply voltage.
General Approach to Nanocomposite Preparation (2000)

A novel approach to nanocomposite preparation utilizing a swelling agent, a monomer or polymer known to intercalate/exfoliate smectite clay, has allowed the preparation of several new nanocomposites. Present in small amounts, the swelling agent serves to swell the clay layers, allowing the organic matrix to be virtually any polymer. Twenty-four polymers are used in this study, varying in solubility parameter, molecular weight, and polarity. Many of these polymers do not yield a nanocomposite structure by simple melt mixing of the clay and polymer. Although some polymers are capable of partial intercalation or exfoliation without the addition of a swelling agent, addition of 2 wt % of this additive results in either complete intercalation/exfoliation or an increased percentage of nanocomposite formation, in comparison to the clay−polymer mix. The evidence of a nanocomposite structure is provided by a shift in, or the absence of, clay reflections in X-ray powder diffraction patterns.
Bio‐organometallic Approaches to Nitrogen Fixation Chemistry (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction – The N2 Fixation Challenge Biological N2 Reduction General Comments Structural Data Assigning the FeMoco Oxidation States Biomimetic Systems that Model Structure and Function General Comments Mononuclear Molybdenum Systems of Biomimetic Interest The Originally Proposed “Chatt Cycle” An Electrocatalytic Reduction Cycle using Low-valent Tungsten A Mo(III)-mediated Catalytic N2 Reduction System A Cp*MMe3(N2) Model System (M = Mo, W) Bimetallic Molybdenum Systems that Cleave N2 Sulfur-supported Mo-N2 Complexes Considering Mechanisms Involving Multiple and Single Iron Sites for N2 Reduction General Comments Theoretical Studies that Invoke Iron-mediated Mechanisms Comparing Several Proposed Mechanisms Synthetic Efforts to Model N2 Reduction by Multiple Iron Sites Nitrogenase-related Transformations at Cluster Models Considering N2 Fixation Involving a Scheme Single Iron Site Model Studies that May be Relevant to N2 Fixation Involving a Single Iron Site Fe(0)-N2 Complexes and NH3 versus N2H4 Production Low-coordinate Iron Model Systems Concluding Remarks
Phase III randomized double-blind study to evaluate the efficacy of a polycarbophil-based vaginal moisturizer in women with breast cancer. (1997)

Both Replens and the placebo appear to substantially ameliorate vaginal dryness and dyspareunia in breast cancer survivors.
Resolving the fairness issues in bus-based optical access networks (2005)

Packet-based optical access ring is becoming a promising solution in metropolitan networks. Its performance depends mainly on how optical resource sharing takes place among the different competing access nodes. This network architecture has mostly been explored with regard to synchronous transmission, i.e., slotted wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) ring. However, in this paper, we focus on the performance of asynchronous transmission-based networks with variable packet sizes. Analytical models are presented in an attempt to provide explicit formulas that express the mean access delay of each node of the bus-based optical access network. We prove that in such a network, fairness problems are likely to arise between upstream and downstream nodes sharing a common data channel. Furthermore, we show that sharing the channel's available bandwidth fairly but arbitrarily between access nodes, as in slotted WDM rings, does not resolve the fairness problem in asynchronous system. In this regard, we exhibit the inherent limitations of the token bucket access rate-based algorithm once applied to asynchronous transmission bus-based networks. To alleviate the aforementioned problem, we device a new strategy called traffic control architecture using remote descriptors. The proposed solution is based on a preventive mechanism to grant access to the shared resource. As illustrated in this paper, the proposed solution alleviates the performance degradation and the resource underutilization, while achieving fairness among bus nodes.
Preliminary results of a technology demonstration of the internet routing in space capability over a geostationary communications satellite (2010)

The Internet Protocol Routing in Space (IRIS) was developed by an industry group, under the auspices of the United States Department of Defense as a Joint Capability Technology Demonstration (JCTD). The primary goal of the IRIS JCTD is to assess the network capability and operational utility of an IP router in space. This paper discusses the results obtained from laboratory and field tests which were specifically designed to evaluate the functionality and performance. Most of the results were obtained during a recent demonstration using 3 ground terminals operating with the IRIS payload on-board INTELSAT-14 (IS-14). Emphasis is given to application and network performance resulting from the end-to-end Quality of Service and Bandwidth on Demand capabilities of IRIS.
Antenna Design for Ultra Wideband Application Using a New Multilayer Structure (2006)

As wireless communication applications require more and more bandwidth, the demand for wideband antennas increases as well. For instance, the ultra wideband radio (UWB) utilizes the frequency band of 3.1–10.6GHz.This paper presents a work carried out within ULTRAWAVES in the area of antenna design and analysis. A new multilayer microstrip antenna is introduced using Stacked Multiresonator patches. In order to achieve suitable bandwidth, the antenna size is fine for mobile applications. The antenna is designed, optimized and simulated using Ansoft designer. In addition results and conclusions are presented. DOI: 10.2529/PIERS060531145356
Tip Reporting In Independent Food And Beverage Establishments (2013)

Tip reporting has always been an issue for the IRS. What happens when individuals under-report their tip income? History has shown that a large burden is placed upon the restaurants for the additional taxes that are lost due to unreported tip income. Using focus group interviews and survey research, this study addresses four research questions: 1. Do restaurant employers understand the tip reporting requirements? ; 2. Where does the IRS place the burden of record keeping and payment of lost taxes? ; 3. Are restaurants aware of the tip reporting resources available to them? ; 4. What are the implications of under-reporting tip income?
IX. On the union of ammonia nitrate with ammonia (1873)

Abstract 1. Ammonia nitrate possesses the somewhat remarkable property of combining with large quantities of ammonia. The product is a liquid the composition of which varies with the temperature and pressure to which it is subjected. It appears from its properties to be a solution of ammonia nitrate in liquefied ammonia, analogous in every respect to an aqueous solution of a salt, its formation being a phenomenon precisely like that of the deliquescence of a salt in a moist atmosphere. 2. The liquid was prepared by bringing dry ammonia gas into contact with dry ammonia nitrate in a flask loosely closed by a vulcanized caoutchouc stopper (to diminish loss of ammonia by diffusion) and imbedded in ice. The tube conveying the ammonia passed through the stopper and reached nearly to the bottom of the flask.
Subcutaneous injections of a TNF-alpha antagonistic peptide inhibit both inflammation and bone resorption in collagen-induced murine arthritis. (2005)

The cyclic peptide WP9QY (YCWSQYLCY), which was designed to mimic the most critical tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha recognition loop on type1 TNF receptor, antagonizes the effects of TNFalpha. In this study, we investigated the effects of WP9QY peptide on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice to evaluate its effects on inflammatory bone destruction. DBA/1J mice were injected intradermally at the base of the tail with bovine type II collagen, emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant on day 0 and 21. The three sets of WP9QY peptide injections (24 mg/kg x 8 times per day) were performed before the onset of paw swelling. Mice were sacrificed at day 38 and thereafter, the arthritis scores as well as radiographical and histological outcomes were assessed. WP9QY peptide inhibited CIA-induced increase in the arthritis score. Furthermore, histomorphometric analysis of the tibial epiphysis region revealed that WP9QY peptide inhibited the increase of synovial pannus infiltration and the decrease of bone volume, which were induced by the CIA. The WP9QY treatment prevented the inflammation as well as bone destruction of the joints in the CIA mice, suggesting that the administration of WP9QY peptide might be useful for developing a drug to prevent inflammatory bone destruction.
Calculating worst-case gate delays due to dominant capacitance coupling (1997)

In this paper we develop a gate level model that allows us to determinethe best and worst case delay when there is dominant interconnectcoupling. Assuming that the gate input windows oftransition are known, the model can predict the worst and bestcase noise, as well as the worst and best case impact on delay. Thisis done in terms of a Ceff based gate model under general RCinterconnect loading conditions.
Influence of cell membrane potential, and selectivity of the Na+/H+ exchanger and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger on the intracellular accumulation of adriamycin. (1996)

Intracellular accumulation of adriamycin (ADR) has been reported to be influenced by cell membrane potential. We first evaluated intracellular accumulation of ADR and 3,3'-(di-n-hexyl)-2,2'-oxacarbocyanine iodide (NK-2280), an indicator of cell membrane potential, and found a good correlation between ADR and NK-2280 intracellular accumulation in several cell lines. This suggests that ADR accumulation may be influenced by cell membrane potential or the mechanisms of NK-2280 accumulation may be similar to those of ADR accumulation. Next, we observed the influence of the NA+/H+ exchanger and Cl-/HCO3- exchanger on the intracellular accumulation of ADR and NK-2280, and found that ADR accumulation decreased with increasing concentrations of 3,5-diamino-6-chloro-N-(diaminomethylene)pyrazinecarboxamide (amiloride), an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchanger, and 4,4'-diisothiocyanato-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DIDS), an inhibitor of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger, however, NK-2280 accumulation was increased by amiloride, and decreased by DIDS. The increased accumulation of NK-2280 induced by amiloride may be due to the increased cell membrane potential caused by the inhibition of H+ ion efflux and NA+ ion influx due to the inhibition of the Na+/H+ exchanger. The decreased accumulation of NK-2280 may be also due to the decreased cell membrane potential caused by the inhibition of Cl- ion efflux due to the inhibition of the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger by DIDS. However, the decreased rate caused by DIDS was greater than the increased rate caused by amiloride. Therefore, it is suggested that the decreased accumulation of NK-2280 by DIDS may be influenced by other factors apart from cell membrane potential. These results suggest that the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger may be related to both ADR accumulation, and NK-2280 accumulation, and that the Na+/H+ exchanger may be related to ADR accumulation, but not NK-2280. This suggests that the Cl-/HCO3- exchanger is of low selectivity.
Apparent Electrophilic Fluorination of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Nucleophilic Fluoride Mediated by PhI(OAc)<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Abstract The apparent electrophilic fluorination of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using Et 3 N · 3HF as a nucleophilic fluoride source is reported. This reaction requires PhI(OAc) 2 as oxidant and can be conducted safely in standard laboratory glassware. Alternative selectivity compared to Selectfluor was observed in some cases. This approach may reduce our reliance on difficult‐to‐handle fluorine gas and expensive electrophilic fluorinating agents derived from elemental fluorine. Mechanistic analysis related to the active fluorinating species and fluoride/acetate exchange is presented.
Enhanced Infrared Properties of Regioregular Poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (1997)

Regiorandom and regioregular head to tail coupled poly(3-butylthiophenes), poly(3-octylthiophenes) and poly(3-dodecylthiophenes) have been synthesized by direct oxidation of 3-n-alkylthiophenes using FeCl3 as oxidant and by regiospecific dehalogenation of 2-bromo-3-n-alkylthiophenes. NMR characterizations indicated 70% of head to tail couplings in the polymers synthesized by FeCl3 route, and more than 99% for regioselective polymerizations. The results of both the solution and the solid state UV−vis spectroscopic studies showed that all the regioregular poly(3-alkylthiophenes) had a lower π−π* transition energy, characteristic of a longer conjugation length. A series of visible−near-IR spectra of chloroform solution of FeCl3-doped regioregular P3ATs is reported and shows an increase of the maximum absorption energy of doped P3ATs as a function of alkyl side chain; i.e., longer conjugation lengths are observed in the P3AT possessing the longer alkyl side chain. Moreover, the effect of solvent on electronic spectra is dramatic. The spectrum in a polar solvent, nitrobenzene, is significantly shifted toward low energy compared with spectra measured in relatively non polar solvent, such as dichloromethane, chloroform or toluene. Even after complete removal of the solvent, the more expended coil conformation persists in the cast film since infrared reflectance feature is more metal like. This study allows us to generalize the concept of secondary dopant to poly(3-alkylthiophene)/FeCl3/nitrobenzene systems. Finally, reflectance spectra of regiorandom and regioregular P3ATs are compared. They are the largest values ever published for P3ATs and are comparable to highly conductive polyaniline or polypyrrole reflectances.