gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Equity Trading Systems in Europe: A Survey of Recent Changes (2000)

This paper provides a survey of recent changes in the market microstructure of the 5 largest European Stock Exchanges. We first provide a brief statistical overview of European equity markets. Then we discuss how the introduction of the Investment Services Directive and the development of institutional trading have prompted European Stock Exchanges to modify their trading systems since 1994. We show that these exchanges have converged to a similar market organization. In this organization, trading takes place in an order-driven market but trading rules can vary according to the type of securities. We also describe the remaining differences between the trading systems, in particular with respect to the consolidation of the order flow and transparency.
Epileptiform EEG Discharges in Healthy Children: Prevalence, Emotional and Behavioral Correlates, and Genetic Influences (1994)

Epileptiform discharges in 8 electrode waking EEGs at rest and during hyperventilation in 1,057 healthy children aged 6-12 years from an elementary school were studied: Epileptiform discharges, detected in 53 children (5.0%), consisted of centrotemporal spikes (37 cases), generalized spike and slow wave complexes (10 cases), occipital spikes (2 cases), frontal spikes (1 case), and a combination of multiple spike and slow wave complexes and focal spikes (2 cases). The occurrence of a positive past history of febrile convulsions was higher in children with epileptiform discharges (18.9%) than in those without epileptiform discharges (9.4%). Using the Rutter scales for teachers and parents, we compared the emotional and behavioral problems of children with epileptiform EEG discharges with those of children without epileptiform discharges. No statistically significant differences were noted, indicating that the emotional and behavioral problems existing are most probably coincidental and not directly related to the epileptiform discharges. A genetic basis for generalized epileptiform discharges was postulated because the occurrence of generalized discharges in siblings of probands with generalized discharges was higher (4 of 9, 44.4%) than the prevalence in all subjects. However, the occurrence of centrotemporal spikes in the siblings of probands with centrotemporal spikes was not higher (2/38, 5.3%) and an autosomal-dominant genetic factor for centrotemporal spikes in waking EEGs of healthy children could not be confirmed.
Influence of 5-Lipoxygenase on in vitro Growth of Human Mammary Carcinoma Cell Line MCF-7 (1998)

The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) on the growth of human mammary cancer cells MCF-7 in vitro. Cell growth was measured according to the level of 3H-thymidine incorporation. 5-LO was shown to inhibit 3H-thymidine incorporation. The inhibitory effect was 19, 42 and 78% when administered at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2 or 0.5 U/ml, respectively. Its effect was time- and dose-dependent and was statistically significant at concentrations of 0.2 and 0.5 U/ml. We have also shown that the specific 5-LO inhibitor MK-886 (1 microM) lifts the inhibitory effect of 5-LO (0.2 U/ml). Moreover, when treated with an activator of 5-lipoxygenase calcium ionophore A23187 (10 microM) MCF-7 cells synthesize LTB4. The results of this study are evidence of the role of 5-lipoxygenase in the regulation of human mammary cancer cells growth in vitro.
Transport, Development and Project Aid for Papua - New Guinea (1974)

This paper discusses some features of Papua New Guinea Government Expenditure in the First Development Programme (1968-1973) and notes the increasing dependence upon external finance and loans. Changes in the planning process to accommodate this and some of the problems of conflicting aims and evaluation criteria of donor and recipient nation are discussed. The first multilateral aid projects arranged through the World Bank and Asian Development Bank are reviewed. Three current projects involving Australian (bilateral) aid are discussed. These were selected to indicate the individuality of every road project and the different approaches to programming and construction that are being employed. The paper concludes with a call for aid which enables more short term, small scale, and widely distributed investment.
Gel electrophoresis of mucous glycoproteins. I. Effect of gel porosity (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGel electrophoresis of mucous glycoproteins. I. Effect of gel porosityKenneth G. Holden, Nelson C. F. Yim, Lee J. Griggs, and Jerry A. WeisbachCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 16, 3105–3109Publication Date (Print):August 3, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 3 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00792a019https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00792a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views301Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Organic and Water Soluble Poly(1,4-phenylenevinylenes) Containing Carboxyl Groups:  Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) of 2,3-Dicarboxybarrelenes (1997)

2,3-Dicarboxybicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5,7-triene (barrelene) monomers (4a,b) were synthesized by a novel route and then polymerized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). Complete initiation of the ROMP initiator (5) and living polymerization of monomer 4b were achieved by tuning the activity of 5 with hexafluoro-tert-butanol (HFB) and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The precursor polymers (6a,b) were readily converted to diester-substituted poly(1,4-phenylenevinylenes) (PPVs) (7a,b) by aromatizing the cyclohexadiene rings using 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ). The resulting PPVs were highly luminescent, and polymer 7b, bearing tert-butyl groups on its esters, was soluble in methylene chloride and chloroform. We found that partially oxidizing 6b so that only 80% of the polymer units are aromatized increases both the solubility and photoluminescence quantum yield of 7b. Deprotection of polymer 7b by acid-catalyzed thermolysis of the tert-butyl groups followed by treatment with aqueous base produced a dicarboxylate PPV (9) that is soluble in water. Photoluminescence and UV/visible absorbance measurements show that, in solution, the PPVs synthesized are highly luminescent and blue shifted relative to films of unsubstituted PPV.
The British experiment (1984)

Governments rarely set out explicitly the assumptions underlying their economic policies (it is even rarer, for more understandable reasons, for Opposition parties to do the same). This Government is proving something of an exception. In PUBLIC MONEY, December 1981, we published the text of a speech by the then Chief Economic Adviser, Sir Terry Burns, which provoked,, in the next issue, a monetarist rebuttal from Richard Jackman. Burns speech dealt with the Government's policies towards the economy in general and the public sector in particular. Lawson's speech, which was given as the fifth Mais lecture at the City of London Business School in June this year, is less technically explicit and barely mentions the public sector as such. But in emphasising as he does the political no less than the economic nature of the ‘the British experiment, ‘ he puts the battle against trade union power at the forefront of the Government's thinking. His message, therefore, is clear and stark for those working in the public sector: the Government will seek to keep up the pressure for privatisation, far beyond the areas so far covered; they will strive to decentralise wage bargaining to reduce the impact of national agreements; and they will continue to use the public sector to lead down private sector wage increases.
Grinding of single crystal sapphire: workpiece roughness correlations (1998)

Experiments were performed on single crystal sapphire with a selection of bound abrasive cup tools to produce fine ground surfaces with rms roughness on the order of 1 μm. Both workpiece roughness and the ease of material removal (as quantified by Preston's coefficient or the specific grinding energy) were found to decrease with decreasing chip thickness. However, great variability was observed even for a fixed chip thickness as a result of differences in tool performance. A strong correlation was also found between Preston's coefficient and the workpiece roughness. Data for all tool bond types (resin, metal, and vitrified), abrasive sizes (2–80 μm diamond), surface conditions (as-dressed and glazed), and tool geometries fell on the same curve. This behavior has important practical effects during infeed controlled grinding. Only above a certain ‘critical roughness’, which depended on the workpiece size, was grinding able to remove the programmed infeed depth.
Deceptive Deletion Triggers Under Coercion (2016)

For users in possession of password-protected encrypted data in persistent storage (i.e., “data at rest”), an obvious problem is that the password may be extracted by an adversary through dictionary attacks, or by coercing the user. Traditional full disk encryption (FDE) or plausibly deniable encryption cannot adequately address such situations. Therefore, making data verifiably inaccessible in a stealthy and quick fashion may be the preferred choice, specifically for users, such as government/corporate agents, journalists, and human rights activists with highly confidential secrets, when caught and interrogated in a hostile territory. Using secure storage on a trusted platform module (TPM) and modern CPU's trusted execution mode (e.g., Intel TXT), we design Gracewipe to enable secure and verifiable deletion of encryption keys through a special deletion password. When coerced, a user can fake compliance and enter the deletion password; and then, the user can prove to the adversary that Gracewipe has been executed and the real key is no longer available (through a TPM quote), hoping for a favorable situation (e.g., end of torture). To unlock the target encryption key, the adversary can only guess passwords through the valid Gracewipe environment with a high-risk of triggering deletion of the real key. Based on our two primary Gracewipe prototypes (i.e., software-based FDE with TrueCrypt and hardware-based FDE with self-encrypting drive), we also design and implement an extended family of unlocking schemes for triggering deletion, to achieve better plausibility, security and usability. We incur between 2-2.5 seconds delay during boot, and no performance penalty at run-time.
Effect of environmental pH on fermentation balance of Lactobacillus bulgaricus (1980)

When Lactobacillus bulgaricus NLS-4 was grown anaerobically in continuous culture with limiting glucose, a shift in the pH of the medium from the acidic to the alkaline range caused this normally homofermentative bacterium to catabolize glucose in a heterofermentative fashion. The change in the nature of the fermentation was accompanied by a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase biosynthesis in alkaline conditions. The lactate dehydrogenase from this organism did not require fructose 1,6-diphosphate or manganese ions (Mn2+) for catalytic activity. Involvement of the phosphoroclastic split in the pyruvate conversion in an alkaline environment was also confirmed. The high lactate dehydrogenase synthesis in acidic medium together with the participation of the phosphoroclastic split under alkaline conditions may explain the shift from homolactic to heterolactic fermentation of L. bulgaricus NLS-4 with the change of environmental pH.
Content-Based Movie Analysis and Indexing Based on AudioVisual Cues (2004)

A content-based movie parsing and indexing approach is presented; it analyzes both audio and visual sources and accounts for their interrelations to extract high-level semantic cues. Specifically, the goal of this work is to extract meaningful movie events and assign them semantic labels for the purpose of content indexing. Three types of key events, namely, 2-speaker dialogs, multiple-speaker dialogs, and hybrid events, are considered. Moreover, speakers present in the detected movie dialogs are further identified based on the audio source parsing. The obtained audio and visual cues are then integrated to index the movie content. Our experiments have shown that an effective integration of the audio and visual sources can lead to a higher level of video content understanding, abstraction and indexing.
Chemically Assisted Ion Beam Etching for Silicon‐Based Microfabrication (1994)

Chemically assisted ion beam etching, using Ar+ ions and as the reactive gas, has been investigated for the etching of common materials used in silicon‐based microfabrication: , , single‐crystal Si, and polycrystalline Si. Two possible etch masks for etching the Si substrate have been characterized: and . Etch rates for all these materials and Si etch profiles have been studied as a function of ion energies from 300 to 1000 eV, current densities between 0.05 and 0.15 mA/cm2, and reactive flow rates at substrate temperatures of 30 and 85°C. Trenches etched into Si using as a mask showed steeper profiles and less enhanced etching in the bottom corners than those with an mask. These etch effects are attributed to a deposited layer on the trench sidewalls, when using as a mask. This Si etch process has important applications in shallow trench isolation for deep submicron complementary metal oxide semiconductor integrated circuits.
A transcribed human sequence related to the mouse HC1 and the human papillomavirus type 18 E5 genes is located at chromosome 7p13–14 (1995)

The papillomavirus E5 genes play an important role in the induction of proliferation of infected cells, and these HPV genomic regions are affected by the events leading to integration of genital HPVs. Two HPV18 E5-related, transcribed mouse sequences, HC1 and Q300, have recently been described. We searched for human equivalents to these sequences, and isolated a clone with a 9.6 kb insert (633b) from a laryngeal carcinoma DNA library, that strongly cross-hybridised with both the HPV18 E5 and HC1 sequences. Restriction and Southern blot analysis showed that 633b is a single copy sequence without rearrangements and viral sequences. The E5-related region is transcribed, producing a 1.9 kb RNA band detected in the poly(A)+ RNA from different cell lines tested. Sequence alignments showed a close similarity to the HC1 and HPV18 E5 sequences, as well as to Q300 and different viral and human growth factors, allowing to fit a putative phylogenetic tree. The corresponding human gene was named PE5L. It was mapped to the short arm of chromosome 7, at 7p13-14 as determined by in situ hybridisation. A genomic region with similarities to HPV E5 sequences may constitute an HPV-DNA integration target, which is often located near chromosomal breakpoints, oncogenes, etc. We conclude that PE5L belongs to an E5-like family of cellular sequences, and that it may constitute a target for HPV recombination.
Removal of the Charité Lumbar Artificial Disc Prosthesis (2009)

Retrieval of a Charité artificial disc prosthesis is feasible, but it has its inherent risks.
Neural networks for golf swing analysis from weight-shift (2002)

Weight-shift of human body motion means the continuous change of weights loaded on the left and right foot respectively. In this study a neural network method is employed to identify the golf swing from a continuous weight-shift waveform. We defined eight input features which can classify various shapes of swing pattern. The adopted network is a three-layered error backpropagation model consisting of eight input, ten hidden and two output nodes. According to experimental results, the identifying success rate is 97.75% using 10 hidden nodes and 5000 epochs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unsupervised Semantic Role Induction with Graph Partitioning (2011)

In this paper we present a method for unsupervised semantic role induction which we formalize as a graph partitioning problem. Argument instances of a verb are represented as vertices in a graph whose edge weights quantify their role-semantic similarity. Graph partitioning is realized with an algorithm that iteratively assigns vertices to clusters based on the cluster assignments of neighboring vertices. Our method is algorithmically and conceptually simple, especially with respect to how problem-specific knowledge is incorporated into the model. Experimental results on the CoNLL 2008 benchmark dataset demonstrate that our model is competitive with other unsupervised approaches in terms of F1 whilst attaining significantly higher cluster purity.
Enhancement of surface His activity with adaptive filtering (2003)

Adaptive filtering is used to enhance His activity in individual beats in signals acquired from the surface of the body. Signals are high-pass filtered to remove T-waves. Common mode signals are reduced with a separate continuous adaptive filter specifically for this purpose. Random noise is reduced with a time-sequenced adaptive filter with parameter updating both on the preceding and current beat. To reduce effects of parameter biasing, an average of filter parameters is computed during periods of no activity in each beat and subtracted from all parameters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lifetimes in Humanist Sociology (1991)

Elizabeth Briant Lee and Alfred McClung Lee describe their family backgrounds, their dedication to humane values and their interest in alleviating social problems. The authors discuss the humanistic social science organizations they founded which were a reflection of their values.
Design and development of research platform for perception-action integration in humanoid robot: H6 (2002)

A humanoid robot "H6" is developed as a platform for the research on perception-action coupling in intelligent behaviour of humanoid type robots. The H6 has the features as follows: 1) a body which has enough DOFs and each joint has enough torque for full body motion, 2) a PC/AT compatible on-board computer which is controlled by RT-linux so that low-level to high-level control is achieved simultaneously, 3) is self-contained and connected to a network via radio ethernet, 4) a 3D vision function can be applied. The H6 is expected to be a common test-bed for experiment and discussion for various aspects of intelligent humanoid robotics.
Design and clinical utility of a fan beam collimator for SPECT imaging of the head. (1986)

A long bore fan beam collimator for imaging the head was designed and constructed for a SPECT system with a rotating scintillation camera. In order to avoid the patient's shoulder during rotation of the camera with a thick camera housing, the long bore design is necessary to allow the collimator to get close to the patient's head for improved spatial resolution. Operating at the minimum radius of rotation, the prototype fan beam collimator provides about the same spatial resolution as the high resolution collimator, while the geometric efficiency is equal to approximately 85% of that of the general purpose and approximately 55% higher than the high resolution collimator. Images from a phantom study demonstrate good image quality and are void of artifacts. Comparative clinical studies on temporomandibular joints (TMJ) between the LEGP and fan beam collimators also confirm the superior image quality obtained with the fan beam collimator.
Evaluation of different linker regions for multimerization and coupling chemistry for immobilization of a proteinaceous affinity ligand (2003)

Alkaline conditions are generally preferred for sanitization of chromatography media by cleaning-in-place (CIP) protocols in industrial biopharmaceutical processes. The use of such rigorous conditions places stringent demands on the stability of ligands intended for use in affinity chromatography. Here, we describe efforts to meet these requirements for a divalent proteinaceous human serum albumin (HSA) binding ligand, denoted ABD*dimer. The ABD*dimer ligand was constructed by genetic head-to-tail linkage of two copies of the ABD* moiety, which is a monovalent and alkali-stabilized variant of one of the serum albumin-binding motifs of streptococcal protein G. Dimerization was performed to investigate whether a higher HSA-binding capacity could be obtained by ligand multimerization. We also investigated the influence on alkaline stability and HSA-binding capacity of three variants (VDANS, VDADS and GGGSG) of the inter-domain linker. Biosensor binding studies showed that divalent ligands coupled using non-directed chemistry demonstrate an increased molar HSA-binding capacity compared with monovalent ligands. In contrast, equal molar binding capacities were observed for both types of ligands when using directed ligand coupling chemistry involving the introduction and recruitment of a unique C-terminal cysteine residue. Significantly higher molar binding capacities were also detected when using the directed coupling chemistry. These results were confirmed in affinity chromatography binding capacity experiments, using resins containing thiol-coupled ligands. Interestingly, column sanitization studies involving exposure to 0.1 M NaOH solution (pH 13) showed that of all the tested constructs, including the monovalent ligand, the divalent ligand construct containing the VDADS linker sequence was the most stable, retaining 95% of its binding capacity after 7 h of alkaline treatment.
Goldfish transposase <i>Tgf2</i> presumably from recent horizontal transfer is active (2012)

Hobo/Activator/Tam3 (hAT) superfamily transposons occur in plants and animals and play a role in genomic evolution. Certain hAT transposons are active and have been developed as incisive genetic tools. Active vertebrate elements are rarely discovered; however, Tgf2 transposon was recently discovered in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Here, we found that the endogenous Tgf2 element can transpose in goldfish genome. Seven different goldfish mRNA transcripts, encoding three lengths of Tgf2 transposase, were identified. Tgf2 transposase mRNA was detected in goldfish embryos, mainly in epithelial cells; levels were high in ovaries and mature eggs and in all adult tissues tested. Endogenous Tgf2 transposase mRNA is active in mature eggs and can mediate high rates of transposition (>30%) when injected with donor plasmids harboring a Tgf2 cis-element. When donor plasmid was coinjected with capped Tgf2 transposase mRNA, the insertion rate reached >90% at 1 yr. Nonautonomous copies of the Tgf2 transposon with large-fragment deletions and low levels of point mutations were also detected in common goldfish. Phylogenetic analysis indicates the taxonomic distribution of Tgf2 in goldfish is not due to vertical inheritance. We propose that the goldfish Tgf2 transposon originated by recent horizontal transfer and maintains a highly native activity.