gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression and characterization of an active human estrogen receptor as a ubiquitin fusion protein from Escherichia coli. (1990)

The gene coding for the human estrogen receptor protein was expressed as a ubiquitin fusion under the control of the lambda PL promoter in Escherichia coli. Analysis of extracts by Western blot showed that intact receptor protein was produced only when PL promoter was depressed by nalidixic acid at 30 degrees C. To ascertain the intactness of the expressed protein, estrogen receptor in bacterial extracts was titrated with either 17 beta-[3H]estradiol or 17 beta-[125I]iodoestradiol, and the mass was quantified by enzyme immunoassay. Cell extracts contained 484 fmol of estrogen receptor per mg of soluble protein by titration with a Kd of 3.2 x 10(-10) M. The simultaneous analysis by enzyme immunoassay resulted in 487 fmol/mg of extract protein indicating that most of the expressed protein bound ligand with wild type properties. Ligand competition analysis demonstrated that expressed receptor contained a binding domain preferentially recognizing estrogenic substances identical with that of wild-type estrogen receptor. The E. coli-expressed estrogen receptor also associated specifically with estrogen response DNA elements. Full length receptor protein was detected by ligand binding and immunorecognition using size exclusion chromatography. Hydrophobic interaction chromatography showed a major isoform which exhibited both ligand binding and immuno-recognition identical with the estrogen receptor from human breast tumor tissues. These data indicate that estrogen receptor expressed in E. coli retained characteristics of the native protein found in human tissues.
The Use of a Damping Chamber and Sine Wave Oscillator for Optimal Frequency Response in Pressure Recording (1970)

Pressure recording is frequently performed with catheter-manometer systems having high frequency response but inadequate damping. Resonance amplification of catheter movement artefact is often a problem with underdamped systems. The amount of amplitude amplification at the resonant frequency of a water-filled catheter and transducer is a function of the damping of the system.
Novel miniproteins engineered by the transfer of active sites to small natural scaffolds (1998)

Small multidisulfide-containing proteins are attractive structural templates to produce a biologically active conformation that mimics the binding surface of natural large proteins. In particular, the structural motif that is evolutionary conserved in all scorpion toxins has a small size (30-40 amino acid residues), a great structural stability, and high permissiveness for sequence mutation. This motif is composed of a beta-sheet and an alpha-helix bridged in the interior core by three disulfides. We have used this motif successfully to transfer within its beta-sheet new functional sites, including the curaremimetic loop of a snake neurotoxin and the CDR2-like site of human CD4. Accumulated evidence indicated that the two miniproteins produced, the curaremimetic miniprotein and the CD4 mimetic, contain the alpha/beta fold that is characteristic of the scaffold used and bind respectively to the acetylcholine receptor and to the envelope gp120 of HIV-1. Furthermore, the latter was shown to prevent viral infection of lymphocytes. These examples illustrate that, by the transfer of active sites to small and stable natural scaffolds, it is possible to engineer miniproteins reproducing, in part, the function of much larger proteins. Such miniproteins may be of great utility as tools in structure-function studies and as leads in drug design.
Nanodiscs in the Studies of Membrane-Bound Cytochrome P450 Enzymes (2013)

Cytochromes P450 from eukaryotes and their native redox partners cytochrome P450 reductases both belong to the class of monotopic membrane proteins containing one transmembrane anchor. Incorporation into the lipid bilayer significantly affects their equilibrium and kinetic properties and plays an important role in their interactions. We describe here the detailed protocols developed in our group for the functional self-assembly of mammalian cytochromes P450 and cytochrome P450 reductases into Nanodiscs with controlled lipid composition. The resulting preparations are fully functional, homogeneous in size, composition and oligomerization state of the heme enzyme, and show an improved stability with respect to P420 formation. We provide a brief overview of applications of Nanodisc technology to the biophysical and biochemical mechanistic studies of cytochromes P450 involved in steroidogenesis, and of the most abundant xenobiotic-metabolizing human cytochrome P450 CYP3A4.
Introduction (2004)

The 'long eighteenth century' might also be called the age of slavery, abolition, and emancipation, bracketed as it is by the foundation of the Royal Adventurers into Africa in 1660, the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act in 1807, and the emancipation of slaves in British colonies in 1838.1 During this period, slavery and the slave trade were intimately bound up with British culture and society at every level. Slavery, including both the trade in slaves between Africa and the Americas, and the slave labour plantations in the American colonies, was the most profitable enterprise known to British commerce.2 From the first moments of the British national slave trade in the seventeenth century, critics had questioned its legality and morality. Yet apologists for the slave trade argued that these profits legitimated the business. James Houston, a physician of the Royal Africa Company in Guinea, defended this 'glorious and advantageous Trade' as 'the Hinge on which all the Trade of the Globe moves'.3 To Britain and its colonies in the mid eighteenth century, commerce was simultaneously the foundation of liberty, power, and refinement. Slavery was something of a paradox: an enormously profitable business whose moral status was deeply problematic.KeywordsEighteenth CenturyBritish ColoniSlave TradeRacial IdeologyProfitable EnterpriseThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Shortfalls in the Long Run: Predictions about the Social Security Trust Fund (2005)

iscussions of U.S. Social Security reform invariably begin by noting the gloomy long-run projections presented in the Annual Report of the Board of Trustees of the Federal Old-Age and Survivors Insurance and Disability Insurance Trust Funds. For example, the 2004 report predicts (in its "intermediate" scenario) that the Social Security trust fund, formally known as the Old Age and Survivors Insurance (OASI) trust fund, will be empty and the program therefore unable to pay its full scheduled level of benefits
Mosh: an interactive remote shell for mobile clients (2012)

Mosh (mobile shell) is a remote terminal application that supports intermittent connectivity, allows roaming, and speculatively and safely echoes user keystrokes for better interactive response over high-latency paths. Mosh is built on the State Synchronization Protocol (SSP), a new UDP-based protocol that securely synchronizes client and server state, even across changes of the client’s IP address. Mosh uses SSP to synchronize a charactercell terminal emulator, maintaining terminal state at both client and server to predictively echo keystrokes. Our evaluation analyzed keystroke traces from six different users covering a period of 40 hours of real-world usage. Mosh was able to immediately display the effects of 70 % of the user keystrokes. Over a commercial EV-DO (3G) network, median keystroke response latency with Mosh was less than 5 ms, compared with 503 ms for SSH. Mosh is free software, available from
Review of integrase strand transfer inhibitors for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (2015)

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are oral antiretroviral agents used against HIV infection. There are three agents available, including raltegravir, elvitegravir and dolutegravir, some of which are available as combination medications with other antiretroviral drugs. The efficacy and safety of INSTIs in treatment-naïve and experienced HIV-infected patients have been established by multiple studies. Based on the current practice guidelines, INSTI-based regimens are considered as one of the first-line therapies for treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients. There are new INSTIs in development to improve the resistance profile and to decrease the frequency of drug administration.
Outcome Measures in Quality of Life (1996)

The concept of quality of life (QOL) represents a new paradigm in rehabilitation research and cSinical care. Three measurement approaches have been used to investigate QOL of individuals: (1) evaluative or subjective, (2) objective, and (3) quality adjusted life year (QALY). QALYs represent the utility approach to measurement with emphasis on value of, desirability of, or preference for conditions or status. When the condition in question isdefined as health, health-related quality of life (HQOL) measures are employed. Very few studies are found in the literature addressing QOL of stroke patients. Among studies reviewed, HQOL measures are often used. A summary of these studies and discussion of limitations associated with QOL measures utilized are provided.
Burkina Faso (2005)

Formerly known as Upper Volta, the country's name was changed in 1984 to Burkina Faso, meaning 'the land of honest men'. The area it covers was settled by farming communities until their invasion by the Mossi people in the 11th century, who successfully resisted Islamic crusades and attacks by neighbouring empires for seven centuries until conquered by the French between 1895 and 1903.
Design of the Control Scheme of Power Battery Low Temperature Charging Heating Based on the Real Vehicle Applications (2013)

The lithium-ion battery used in the pure electric vehicle has poor charging ability at low temperature, it can renew only after being heated. In general, the lithium-ion battery discharges to self-heat to a certain value in the low temperature environment, then the normal charging mode can be started. However, it will result in that the charging time is too long, or the battery cannot be fully charged during the default time. Moreover, it wouldn't be charged since insufficiency of the reserve battery power. In this paper, a detailed design about the power battery charging heating of pure electric vehicle by using the external power in low temperature is proposed, and finally the scheme is validated through the environment chamber and real vehicle test. The results show that this scheme can satisfy the demand of the real vehicle application and is with practical use value.
Medium PRF Performance Analysis (1982)

A discussion of various types of x-band airborne radars is presented together with their systematic development through the years to the present time. Starting with simple, low pulse-repetition frequency (PRF) radars for measuring radar-target range, airborne radar development proceeded with more sophisticated high PRF Doppler radars where radar-target range and range rate were measured simultaneously. The use of Doppler (frequency) in signal processing allowed the separation of moving from nonmoving targets (ground), enabling the detection of moving targets in the presence of ground clutter. More recent developments in waveform generation and selection has resulted in the development of medium PRF radars, whereby a greater degree of tactical flexibility in target detection is achieved by combining the desirable features of both low and high PRF radars. Part of the available literature gives an overview, together with a specific example of the design and performance of an airborne medium PRF radar. Here, however, the systematic evolution of these radars is emphasized and the necessary theoretical background is developed for their performance calculations. Modern day airborne radars may be equipped with all three modes of operation, low, medium, and high PRF, allowing the operator to utilize the mode best suited for the tactical encounter. Low PRF and high PRF radars have been described elsewhere and are given here primarily for the sake of completeness and for the necessary background for developing medium PRF radar equations. They are also needed for developing the reasons why medium PRF radars came into being.
Falls and injuries resulting from falls among patients with Parkinson's disease and other parkinsonian syndromes (2004)

We sought to ascertain frequency, type, risk factors of falling, and resulting injuries among parkinsonian patients. A survey was mailed to all patients treated at our center between 1/1/2000 and 4/30/2002 (N = 1,417). Information was collected on falls within the past 2 years, related injuries, and use of health care services. A total of 1,131 responses (response rate, 79.8%) were received. After the exclusion of nonparkinsonian disorders, statistics for the remaining group (n = 1,092) and predictive statistics for those diagnosed before 1/1/2000 (n = 1,013) were calculated. Outcomes included falls, fractures, injuries, surgery, and related use of health care services. Explanatory variables included sex, age, age at diagnosis, disease duration, atypical parkinsonism, and dementia. Most patients (55.9%) were men; 12.2% had atypical parkinsonism; 12.5% had dementia; median age was 74.7 years; median disease duration was 7 years; 55.9% had at least one fall in the past 2 years; 65.0% of them sustained an injury; 33.0% sustained a fracture; 75.5% of injuries required health care services; 40.6% of fractures required surgery. Older age, atypical parkinsonism, longer disease duration, and dementia were risk factors for falling; female sex and older age were predictors of fractures. Need for health care services after an injury was higher among older patients. Further prospective studies will be necessary to elucidate the specific prognostic outcomes of injuries due to falls among parkinsonian patients, and the impact of these injuries on disease progression and quality of life.
Nicotinic Receptors in Human Brain (1994)

A vast knowledge is currently available on the molecular biology and the pharmacology of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) (Sargent, 1993). Only few attempts have been made to approach the expression of nAChRs at the level of functional systems, considering the different cell types involved and their connectivity. This aspect is of particular importance in order to evaluate nAChR expression under pathological conditions. Histochemical techniques have proven to be useful since immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization can be performed on human autopsy tissue and allow for a cell type-specific localization of nAChR proteins and nAChR mRNAs. Furthermore, morphometry enables the quantitative assessment of receptor expression at the cellular level.
The heat shock response: its role in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications, and implications for therapeutic intervention. (2015)

The heat shock response (HSR) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that cells and organisms utilize to protect themselves from the damaging effects of stress. Induction of HSR involves a complex multi-step process in which heat shock factor-1 (HSF-1), the key modulator of HSR, is activated, leading to the induction of a variety of heat shock genes. There is evidence that the HSR is defective in diabetes, which makes the tissues vulnerable to stress-induced pathological changes. Consistent with this observation, induction of HSR by either non-pharmacological methods such as hyperthermia or by pharmacological inducers has beneficial effects in managing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia, as well as secondary complications of diabetes, such as cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy as well as wound healing. This review summarizes what is currently known about the role of the HSR in diabetes and therapeutic implications of enhancing HSR in the management of diabetes and its associated complications, focusing on small molecule mediated therapeutics.
High-Rate, High-Fidelity Entanglement of Qubits Across an Elementary Quantum Network (2020)

We demonstrate remote entanglement of trapped-ion qubits via a quantum-optical fiber link with fidelity and rate approaching those of local operations. Two ^{88}Sr^{+} qubits are entangled via the polarization degree of freedom of two spontaneously emitted 422 nm photons which are coupled by high-numerical-aperture lenses into single-mode optical fibers and interfere on a beam splitter. A novel geometry allows high-efficiency photon collection while maintaining unit fidelity for ion-photon entanglement. We generate heralded Bell pairs with fidelity 94% at an average rate 182 s^{-1} (success probability 2.18×10^{-4}).
Digital Certificate Revocation for the Internet of Things (2019)

Digital certificates have long been used for traditional Internet applications, and have now entered into widespread use for the Internet of Things. However, constrained devices currently have no m ...
Keratinocytes mediate innocuous and noxious touch via ATP-P2X4 signaling (2018)

The first point of our body's contact with tactile stimuli (innocuous and noxious) is the epidermis, the outermost layer of skin that is largely composed of keratinocytes. Here, we sought to define the role that keratinocytes play in touch sensation in vivo and ex vivo. We show that optogenetic inhibition of keratinocytes decreases behavioral and cellular mechanosensitivity. These processes are inherently mediated by ATP signaling, as demonstrated by complementary cutaneous ATP release and degradation experiments. Specific deletion of P2X4 receptors in sensory neurons markedly decreases behavioral and primary afferent mechanical sensitivity, thus positioning keratinocyte-released ATP to sensory neuron P2X4 signaling as a critical component of baseline mammalian tactile sensation. These experiments lay a vital foundation for subsequent studies into the dysfunctional signaling that occurs in cutaneous pain and itch disorders, and ultimately, the development of novel topical therapeutics for these conditions.
Recent achievement in microstructure investigation of Sn0.5Cu3.4Ag lead-free alloy by adding boron (2003)

Inhomogenous microstructural coarsening sites are known to be preferred sites for initiation of creep and fatigue cracks. Thus, one of the keys to improved solder-joint reliability is the ability to control and stabilize a uniform microstructure. This study involves alloying small quantities of boron into the Sn-Cu-Ag system with the aim to improve the microstructure of these solders. Several analytical methods, such as SEM, TEM and SIMS, were employed to investigate the distribution and microstructure of alloying elements in the Sn-Cu-Ag system.
Amphotericin B and pulmonary surfactant. (1998)

Targeted intrapulmonary delivery of drugs may reduce systemic toxicity, improve treatment efficacy, but inhaled drugs may also interfere with pulmonary surfactant function. We hypothesized that the lipophilic drug amphotericin B used to treat or prevent pulmonary infections with aspergillus species, might destroy surface activity of lung surfactant, as assessed in a pulsating bubble surfactometer. Pure amphotericin B had no effect on a natural surfactant preparation or on the lipid extracted surfactant SurvantaTM. However, amphotericin BTM (containing deoxycholic acid) or deoxycholic acid alone inhibited surfactant surface activity dose dependently and perturbed lipid organization. AmbisomeTM containing amphotericin B associated with liposomes, only marginally affected surfactant function. Intrapulmonary delivery of large amounts of amphotericin BTM has to consider the potential of interferences with lung surfactant function.
A 175 mV multiply-accumulate unit using an adaptive supply voltage and body bias (ASB) architecture (2003)

The power dissipation of a digital circuit is minimized by simultaneous control of power supply voltage and body bias. The technique minimizes power dissipation for varying processing rates through dynamic adjustment of V/sub dd/ and V/sub tb/. A 16b MAC operates at 166 kHz and 14 nW at 175 mV V/sub dd/. A ring oscillator operates at 0.1 V.
Association Between Hospital Process Performance and Outcomes Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes (2006)

A significant association between care process and outcomes was found, supporting the use of broad, guideline-based performance metrics as a means of assessing and helping improve hospital quality.
Endothelial Dysfunction: Associations with Exposure to Ambient Fine Particles in Diabetic Individuals (2008)

These data demonstrate that PM(2.5) exposure may cause immediate endothelial dysfunction. Clinical characteristics associated with insulin resistance were associated with enhanced effects of PM on endothelial function. In addition, participants with greater oxidative potential seem to be more susceptible.
Implementation of phasor measurements in state estimator at Sevillana de Electricidad (2002)

The paper describes the first implementation of phase angle measurements in an industrial power system state estimator. Transducers for measuring phase angles using satellite clock synchronization were installed at Sevillana de Electricidad and incorporated into the data acquisition subsystem of the EMS. The state estimator was modified to support the processing of phasor telemetry. The enhancements to the state estimator algorithm are described in the paper. The modified state estimator was subjected to intensive testing prior to installation in the field. The results of all experiments as well as classification of phasor measurement effectiveness are reported in the paper. Phasor measurements were found to provide valuable information about the power network and improve the accuracy of the state estimation.
IC signal-processing circuit for TV receivers (1969)

An IC signal-processing circuit that can be applied in both black-and-white and color receivers is described. The integrated circuit combines the following functions: video preamplifier; keyed AGC detector, operating on top sync level; AGC amplifier for IF and tuner control; noise canceling circuits for AGC and sync circuits; sync separator; automatic horizontal sync; and vertical sync pulse separator. Due to the noise-canceling circuit a stable synchronization is obtained when impulse noise is received. Since the values of the capacitors in the AGC circuit can be rather low without difficulties with instabilities, the performance during fast input signal fluctuations (airplane flutter) is very good.