gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of a diazaborine derivative (Sa 84.474) on the virulence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1987)

The scope of selective inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in virulent organisms with a diazaborine derivative (Sa 84.474) as a means to render them avirulent was explored. A serum resistant Escherichia coli 0111:B4 became serum sensitive following its cultivation in vitro in media containing 1.5 mg/l of Sa 84.474, a concentration shown previously to inhibit over 95% of normal LPS biosynthesis in its mutant J5 strain. An encapsulated E. coli 01:K1 was also converted to serum sensitivity. In addition, Sa 84.474-pretreatment increased the efficiency with which the previously resistant organisms were opsonized in normal human serum and subsequently phagocytosed by granulocytes. In vivo, intravenously inoculated, Sa 84.474-pretreated bacteria were rapidly removed from the blood circulation and were significantly (P less than 0.05) less virulent in inducing lethal peritoneal infections in mice (LD50 4.9 +/- 1 X 10(6) cfu) when compared to untreated control bacteria (LD50 2.2 +/- 0.97 X 10(6) cfu). The results suggest that the LPS plays an important role in the virulence of the two bacterial strains and imply that agents acting in a similar manner but with acceptable selective toxicity might be novel drugs for therapy of Gram-negative bacterial infections.
Fractionally Spaced Equalizer for Next Generation Terahertz Wireless Communication Systems (2021)

Higher data rates are required to support exponential growth in wireless traffic, motivating an expansion of the transmission bandwidth for sixth generation (6G) communications. The available bandwidth in the terahertz (THz) band significantly exceeds the available bandwidth in the mmWave band that has been adopted in fifth generation (5G) systems; thus, the THz band is envisioned as a pillar for 6G systems that can support data rates on the order of terabits per second (Tb/s). However, wireless communications in the THz band poses several new challenges. One of these challenges involves the practical constraint of employing a limited oversampling factor to process wideband THz signals, even while leveraging state-of-the-art analog/digital converter techniques. This limited oversampling factor - which can lead to an increased sampling timing offset - degrades the demodulation performance when it is employed in conjunction with a conventional symbol-spaced equalizer. Thus, we employ a fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) in a THz communication system to overcome the impact of the increased sampling timing offset for a practical system that utilizes a limited sampling rate. Analysis and simulations demonstrate that the FSE can perfectly compensate the timing offset by optimally combining the available samples. Also, an approximation to the noise covariance matrix is proposed to reduce the computational complexity of the frequency-domain FSE.
A Robust and Stateless Self-Healing Group Key Management Scheme (2006)

Self-healing group key management (GKM) is a newly appeared mechanism for secure group communication (SGC). It allows a group member to recover a lost session key from the key materials of previous and/or subsequent sessions. Self-healing is important when SGC operates under an unreliable environment where the transmission channel is failure-prone and messages may get lost/damaged during the transmission. This paper proposes a new self-healing scheme which is based on a novel concept/construction of access polynomial. Unlike the existing self healing SGC schemes, the new proposed scheme is stateless, thus, being robust. It overcomes some shortcomings existing in the existing schemes yet still possesses all the advantages of them.
THE UPTAKE AND SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF AROMATIC AMINES IN THE BRAIN OF THE RAT<sup>1</sup> (1971)

Abstract— The hydroxylated phenylethylamines p ‐tyramine, m ‐tyramine, octopamine, metaraminol and norepinephrine were accumulated by homogenates of rat brain much more vigorously than β‐phenethylamine or amphetamine. The affinity concentrations ( K m ) for initial (5‐min) uptake by homogenates of whole brain were 0.5, 3 and 6 μM for DL‐norepine‐phrine, p‐tyramine and DL‐octopamine, respectively. The uptake of these three hydroxylated compounds was much more vigorous in striatal tissue than in cortical tissue, and in both tissues the rate of uptake decreased in the sequence: norepinephrine > tyramine > octopamine. The uptake of these three substances was inhibited by reduced temperature, by lack of glucose, by CN‐ and DNP, and by desmethylimipramine, cocaine and ouabain. The uptake of norepinephrine and octopamine appeared to require Na + . Pretreatment of rats with reserpine or 6‐hydroxydopamine decreased the ability of brain to take up norepinephrine or octopamine. Previously accumulated labelled phenylethylamines migrated in sucrose density gradients with a peak of radioactivity corresponding to an equilibrium position of catecholamine‐containing nerve endings. The magnitude of the retention of [ 3 H]amine in this synaptosornal peak decreased in the order: norepinephrine > octopamine > tyramine. The accumulated amines were released by sonic, osmotic and thermal stresses which disrupt neuronal membranes. The presence of a β‐hydroxyl group appeared to protect amines from destruction by monoamine oxidase, presumably by virtue of uptake in presynaptic storage vesicles. During superfusion, tyramine and metaraminol appeared to displace [ 3 H]norepinephrine from binding sites in brain slices.
Complex Behavior of ALDH1A1 and IGFBP1 in Liver Metastasis from a Colorectal Cancer (2016)

Using our data set (GSE50760) previously established by RNA sequencing, the present study aimed to identify upregulated genes associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis (CLM) and verify their biological behavior. The potential roles of candidate genes in tumors were assessed using cell proliferation and invasion assays. Tissue samples were collected from 18 CRC patients with synchronous CLM and two CRC cell lines (SW480 and SW620) were used for transfection and cloning. The roles of the genes identified in CLM were verified using immunohistochemistry in 48 nude mice after intrasplenic transplantation of CRC cells. mRNA and protein expression was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blot, respectively. Nine genes were initially selected according to the relevance of their molecular function and biological process and, finally, ALDH1A1 and IGFBP1 were chosen based on differential mRNA expression and a positive correlation with protein expression. The overexpression of ALDH1A1 and IGFBP1 significantly and time-dependently decreased cell proliferation (p ≤ 0.001-0.003) and suppressed invasiveness by ≥3-fold over control cells (p < 0.001) in the SW480 cell line, whereas they had a slight effect on reducing SW620 cell proliferation. The protein expression levels of E-cadherin, N-cadherin, claudin-1, and vimentin were significantly higher in CLM than in primary tumor tissues (p < 0.05). However, the cadherin switch, namely, N-cadherin overexpression with reduced E-cadherin expression, was not observed in CLM tissues and transfected CRC cells. Irrespective of reduced proliferation and invasion found on in vitro cell assays, persistent overexpression of β-catenin, vimentin, and ZO-1 in IGFBP1-overexpressing SW480 cells possibly contributed to CLM development in mice implanted with IGFBP1-overexpressing SW480 cells (CLM occurrences: SW480/IGFBP1-transfected mice vs. SW480/vector- and SW480/ALDH1A1-transfected mice, 4/8 vs. 0/10, p = 0.023). In conclusion, ALDH1A1 and IGFBP1 are differentially overexpressed in CLM and may play a dual role, functioning as both tumor suppressors and metastasis promoters in CRC.
Schizophrenia, chronic hospitalization and the 5-HT2C receptor gene (1997)

Frequency of a polymorphism in the coding region of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2C (5-HT2C) receptor gene (HTR2C Xq24) was not significantly different in 122 unrelated Israeli schizophrenia patients compared with 180 control subjects matched for gender and ethnicity. However, proportion of time spent in hospital since the first admission was significantly greater in patients hemi- of homozygous for the 5-HT2Cser allele than in patients carrying other genotypes (p = 0.006). The 5-HT2Cser genotype conferred a 3.3-fold increased risk for lifetime hospitalization exceeding 10 years. Genetically determined variation in the 5-HT2C receptor may influence the clinical course and phenotypic expression of schizophrenia.
New Experimental Model of Allergic Rhinitis of Rat (2001)

Objective: To develop an experimental animal model of allergic rhinitis in rats. Methods: Generally sensitized rats were received repeated local booster sensitization into nasal cavity. The severity of allergic rhinitis was determined by two nasal allergic symptoms (sneezing and nasal rubbing), and the levels of IgE were assessed by PCA titers. Results: The numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing were markedly increased and at the meantime, the levels of IgE were also markedly elevated by intranasal sensitization. Ketotifen and astemizole inhibited significantly the antigen induced nasal symptoms with a dose dependent mode. Conclusion: The allergic rhinitis model is very useful for evaluating the effects of drugs for Ⅰ type allergic rhinitis.
Alternative Livestock/Dryland Forage Systems in the Texas Panhandle (2010)

Optimization models are developed to determine grazing alternatives for individual dryland producers. Models alternatives include wheat, sorghum-sudan, summer perennial grass, and native range. Precipitation risk and price risk are estimated for seasonal production alternatives, and options that reduce both price risk and production risk are examined.
Characterization of cassava vein mosaic virus: a distinct plant pararetrovirus (1995)

Cassava vein mosaic virus (CVMV) was found to be widespread throughout the north-eastern region of Brazil. The complete sequence of CVMV was determined, and the genome was 8158 bp in size. A cytosolic initiator methionine tRNA (tRNA met1)-binding site that probably acts as a primer for minus-strand synthesis was present. The genome contained five open reading frames that potentially encode proteins with predicted molecular masses of 186 kDa, 9 kDa, 77 kDa, 24 kDa and 26 kDa. The putative 186 kDa protein had regions with similarity to the zinc finger-like RNA-binding domain that is a common element in the capsid proteins and similarity to the intercellular transport domain of the plant pararetroviruses. The predicted 77 kDa protein had regions with similarity to aspartic proteases, reverse transcriptase and RNase H of pararetroviruses. This gene order was confirmed by the amplification of similar PCR products from total DNA extracted from CVMV-infected cassava plants. The genomic organization of CVMV was different from the organization of either the caulimoviruses or badnaviruses. In comparisons of the regions with the reverse transcriptase motif, CVMV was grouped between the caulimoviruses and badnaviruses. It appears that CVMV is distinct from the other well-characterized plant pararetroviruses.
Importance-Aware Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Driving System (2017)

Semantic Segmentation (SS) partitions an image into several coherent semantically meaningful parts, and classifies each part into one of the pre-determined classes. In this paper, we argue that existing SS methods cannot be reliably applied to autonomous driving system as they ignore the different importance levels of distinct classes for safe-driving. For example, pedestrians in the scene are much more important than sky when driving a car, so their segmentations should be as accurate as possible. To incorporate the importance information possessed by various object classes, this paper designs an "Importance-Aware Loss" (IAL) that specifically emphasizes the critical objects for autonomous driving. IAL operates under a hierarchical structure, and the classes with different importance are located in different levels so that they are assigned distinct weights. Furthermore, we derive the forward and backward propagation rules for IAL and apply them to deep neural networks for realizing SS in intelligent driving system. The experiments on CamVid and Cityscapes datasets reveal that by employing the proposed loss function, the existing deep learning models including FCN, SegNet and ENet are able to consistently obtain the improved segmentation results on the pre-defined important classes for safe-driving.
When Trust Saves Energy (2018)

Blockchains are attracting the attention of many technical, financial, and industrial parties, as a promising infrastructure for achieving secure peer-to-peer (P2P) transactional systems. At the heart of blockchains is proof-of-work (PoW), a trustless leader election mechanism based on demonstration of computational power. PoW provides blockchain security in trusless P2P environments, but comes at the expense of wasting huge amounts of energy. In this research work, we question this energy expenditure of PoW under blockchain use cases where some form of trust exists between the peers. We propose a Proof-of-Trust (PoT) blockchain where peer trust is valuated in the network based on a trust graph that emerges in a decentralized fashion and that is encoded in and managed by the blockchain itself. This trust is then used as a waiver for the difficulty of PoW; that is, the more trust you prove in the network, the less work you do.
Organic Light-Emitting Devices Patterned by Screen-Printing (2000)

We have demonstrated a patterned organic light-emitting device fabricated by screen-printing on the basis of the doped hole-transport layer (DHTL) which is our novel concept. The DHTL, which consisted of a polymeric compound of N,N ′ -diphenyl-N,N ′ -bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1 ′ -biphenyl-4,4 ′ -diamine (P-TPD) as a hole-transport material and tris (4-bromophenyl) aminium hexachloroantimonate (TBAHA) as an electron-accepting dopant, was patterned by screen-printing. The luminous area of the device was restricted to the DHTL-printed area. The device was operated at approximately 5 V, and a luminance of 4800 cd/m 2 was obtained at a current density of 150 mA/cm 2 . The appropriate concentration of P-TPD was 80 g/ l in dichlorobenzene, at which a smooth and pinhole-less layer was obtained with a thickness of 0.5 µm. The suitable concentration of TBAHA in P-TPD was approximately 8 wt%.
The ATM zone concept (2003)

The authors introduce the concept of a zone as a subnetwork of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) switches within which signalling cells are self-routing. the concept appears to have particular benefits for network architectures that utilize a widely distributed control plane. Two such architectures are discussed: mobile networks and the intelligent network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coronary blood flow responses to physiological stress in humans (2009)

Animal reports suggest that reflex activation of cardiac sympathetic nerves can evoke coronary vasoconstriction. Conversely, physiological stress may induce coronary vasodilation to meet an increased metabolic demand. Whether the sympathetic nervous system can modulate coronary vasomotor tone in response to stress in humans is unclear. Coronary blood velocity (CBV), an index of coronary blood flow, can be measured in humans by noninvasive duplex ultrasound. We studied 11 healthy volunteers and measured beat-by-beat changes in CBV, blood pressure, and heart rate during 1) static handgrip for 20 s at 10% and 70% of maximal voluntary contraction; 2) lower body negative pressure at -10 and -30 mmHg for 3 min each; 3) cold pressor test for 90 s; and 4) hypoxia (10% O(2)), hyperoxia (100% O(2)), and hypercapnia (5% CO(2)) for 5 min each. At the higher level of handgrip, mean blood pressure increased (P < 0.001), whereas CBV did not change [P = not significant (NS)]. In addition, during lower body negative pressure, CBV decreased (P < 0.02; and P < 0.01, for -10 and -30 mmHg, respectively), whereas blood pressure did not change (P = NS). The dissociation between the responses of CBV and blood pressure to handgrip and lower body negative pressure is consistent with coronary vasoconstriction. During hypoxia, CBV increased (P < 0.02) and decreased during hyperoxia (P < 0.01), although blood pressure did not change (P = NS), suggesting coronary vasodilation during hypoxia and vasoconstriction during hyperoxia. In contrast, concordant increases in CBV and blood pressure were noted during the cold pressor test, and hypercapnia had no effects on either parameter. Thus the physiological stress known to be associated with sympathetic activation can produce coronary vasoconstriction in humans. Contrasting responses were noted during systemic hypoxia and hyperoxia where mechanisms independent of autonomic influences appear to dominate the vascular end-organ effects.
Silicon oxycarbide glass-graphene composite paper electrode for long-cycle lithium-ion batteries (2016)

Silicon and graphene are promising anode materials for lithium-ion batteries because of their high theoretical capacity; however, low volumetric energy density, poor efficiency and instability in high loading electrodes limit their practical application. Here we report a large area (approximately 15 cm × 2.5 cm) self-standing anode material consisting of molecular precursor-derived silicon oxycarbide glass particles embedded in a chemically-modified reduced graphene oxide matrix. The porous reduced graphene oxide matrix serves as an effective electron conductor and current collector with a stable mechanical structure, and the amorphous silicon oxycarbide particles cycle lithium-ions with high Coulombic efficiency. The paper electrode (mass loading of 2 mg cm(-2)) delivers a charge capacity of ∼588 mAh g(-1)electrode (∼393 mAh cm(-3)electrode) at 1,020th cycle and shows no evidence of mechanical failure. Elimination of inactive ingredients such as metal current collector and polymeric binder reduces the total electrode weight and may provide the means to produce efficient lightweight batteries.
Topochemical Synthesis of Sodium Metal Phosphate Olivines for Sodium-Ion Batteries (2011)

New metastable olivine phases of sodium metal phosphates, Na[Mn1–xMx]PO4 (M = Fe, Ca, Mg), nanorods are synthesized by a simple solid-state reaction at low temperature (≤100 °C) by means of a topotactic molten salt reaction that converts NH4[Mn1–xMx]PO4•H2O (M = Fe, Ca, Mg) to Na[Mn1–xMx]PO4. Their crystal structures are characterized via XRD Rietveld refinement and electron diffraction. A full range of solid solution behavior was observed for olivine Na1–xMn0.5Fe0.5PO4, in contrast to that of LiMPO4 (M = Fe, Mn) olivine materials, and is ascribed to ion size effects. The solid solution behavior of NaMn0.5Fe0.5PO4 was confirmed by electrochemical characterization.
'Raver's' haematuria. (1996)

Explosions of the colon as a result of the use of diathermy in the presence of gas mixtures of oxygen, hydrogen and/or methane have been previously described in the literature. This danger is present during colonoscopic polypectomy as well as during colonic surgery. The following case is presented to alert to the potential hazards of bowel gas during electrosurgery.
A hybrid data mining anomaly detection technique in ad hoc networks (2007)

Ad hoc network security mainly relies on defence mechanisms at each mobile node due to lack of infrastructure. For this reason, various intrusion detection techniques have been proposed for ad hoc networks. Developing Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) for individual nodes in ad hoc network is challenging for a number of reasons, including resource constraints at each node and the difficulties to locate attack source for prompt response. In this paper, we propose a hybrid data mining anomaly detection technique for node-based IDS. Specifically, we incorporate two data mining techniques, that is, association-rule mining and cross-feature mining, to characterise normal behaviours of mobile nodes and detect anomalies by finding deviance from the norm. The advantage of our hybrid approach is that association-rule mining and cross-feature mining usually complement each other in time scale and sensitivity to different attack types. We investigate features of interest from both the medium access (MAC) layer and the network layer. Our intention of using the MAC layer features is to localise the attack source within one-hop perimeter. To preserve the precious energy of mobile nodes, we propose two compact feature sets, that is, direct feature set and statistical feature set, that target on short-term and long-term profiling of normal node behaviours, respectively. Considering the characteristic of audit data collected upon different feature sets, we apply association-rule mining to the short-term profiling and cross-feature mining to the long-term profiling. We validate our work through ns-2 simulation experiments. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method.
Engineering Functionalization in a Supramolecular Polymer: Hierarchical Self-Organization of Triply Orthogonal Non-covalent Interactions on a Supramolecular Coordination Complex Platform (2016)

Here we present a method for the construction of functionalizable supramolecular polymers by controlling three orthogonal interactions within a single system: (i) coordination-driven self-assembly; (ii) H-bonding; and (iii) host-guest interactions between crown ether and dialkylammonium substrates. Three unique molecules constitute the supramolecular construct, including a 2-ureido-4-pyrimidinone (UPy)-functionalized rigid dipyridyl donor and a complementary organoplatinum(II) acceptor decorated with a crown ether moiety that provide the basis for self-assembly and polymerization. The final host-guest interaction is demonstrated by using one of two dialkylammonium molecules containing fluorophores that bind to the benzo-21-crown-7 (B21C7) groups of the acceptors, providing a spectroscopic handle to evaluate the functionalization. An initial coordination-driven self-assembly yields hexagonal metallacycles with alternating UPy and B21C7 groups at their vertices. The assembly does not interfere with H-bonding between the UPy groups, which link the discrete metallacycles into a supramolecular network, leaving the B21C7 groups free for functionalization via host-guest chemistry. The resultant network results in a cavity-cored metallogel at high concentrations or upon solvent swelling. The light-emitting properties of the dialkylammonium substrates were transferred to the network upon host-guest binding. This method is compatible with any dialkylammonium substrate that does not disrupt coordination nor H-bonding, and thus, the unification of these three orthogonal interactions represents a simple yet highly efficient strategy to obtain supramolecular polymeric materials with desirable functionality.
Suppression of anomalous leakage current in tunnel oxides by fluorine implantation to realize highly reliable flash memory (1999)

By analyzing charge retention characteristics, we found that a flash memory with a critical tunnel oxide thickness has cells with anomalous threshold voltage (V/sub th/) lowering. We proposed a model where the traps near the poly-Si gate/tunnel oxide interface generate anomalous leakage current in the voltage range of 0-1 V, and the trapping/detrapping of electrons into the traps dominates the V/sub th/ distribution. We succeeded in suppressing the anomalous leakage current of the tunnel oxide by fluorine implantation into the Si substrate.