gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of dynamic network equalization of three 2.5-Gb/s WDM channels over 1000 km using acoustooptic tunable filters (1996)

We have experimentally demonstrated the dynamic equalization of the nonuniform EDFA gain and WDM-network channel-power variations by using acoustooptic tunable filters (AOTF's) with active feedback. The AOTF's have multiple independent passbands and act as dynamic wavelength-dependent loss elements. After 1000 km transmission in a recirculating loop, the power differential is reduced from 20 dB to 1 dB for three 2.5-Gb/s WDM channels covering an 8-nm wavelength range, and a 10/sup -9/ BER can be achieved for all channels.
Degradation Mechanisms of La–Sr–Co–Fe–O[sub 3] SOFC Cathodes (2006)

The long-term stability of anode-supported yttria-stabilized zirconia electrolyte solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) utilizing (LSCF-6428) cathodes (incorporating cathode-electrolyte interlayers) was assessed. Specimens tested for at and indicated power degradation. While scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis indicated no obvious microstructural or chemical phenomena that could explain the high degradation, X-ray photon spectroscopy revealed that enrichment of Sr at the cathode-electrolyte and cathode-current collector interfaces was at least partially responsible for the observed degradation.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications of Polymers Containing Lanthanide Metals (1987)

Abstract This paper reviews the author's work on polymers containing lanthanide metals. The discussion focuses on the use of lanthanide-metal-ion probes to investigate the structures of ionomers and the ion-binding properties of polyelectrolytes. Preliminary fluorescence results of europium and terbium in chelating polymers are also discussed.
An antiphishing strategy based on visual similarity assessment (2006)

The authors' proposed antiphishing strategy uses visual characteristics to identify potential phishing sites and measure suspicious pages similarity to actual sites registered with the system. The first of two sequential processes in the SiteWatcher system runs on local email servers and monitors emails for keywords and suspicious URLs. The second process then compares the potential phishing pages against actual pages and assesses visual similarities between them in terms of key regions, page layouts, and overall styles. The approach is designed to be part of an enterprise antiphishing solution.
Palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative alkoxycarbonylation of potassium aryltrifluoroborates with potassium oxalate monoesters (2015)

An efficient method for the preparation of aryl esters has been developed <italic>via</italic> Pd-catalyzed decarboxylative coupling of potassium aryltrifluoroborates and potassium oxalate monoesters.
Hydrocephalus in cerebral cysticercosis (1981)

The cases of 11 patients with hydrocephalus secondary to cerebral cysticercosis are analyzed. Most of the patients had suffered from epilepsy before they developed hydrocephalic symptoms, and computerized tomography showed that infestation of the parenchyma coexisted with ventricular or cisternal colonization. In four cases, the parasitic vesicles compromised cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow in the ventricular system, resulting in internal hydrocephalus. Communicating hydrocephalus, caused by the presence of Cysticercus larvae in the basal cisterns (Cysticercus racemosus), or by the occurrence of a chronic basal meningitis, or both, developed in seven more patients. Changes in CSF pressure were related to the number and location of the cysts and to the leptomeningeal inflammatory reactions evoked by them. The majority of patients presented with a chronic and relatively normotensive hydrocephalus. All patients except one had identifiable ventricular or cisternal Cysticercus larvae; these patients were treated with open removal of the cysts, and did well. However, most of them had impairment of CSF flow through the basal cisterns and required permanent CSF shunting. Communicating hydrocephalus due to leptomeningeal scarring was also successfully managed with extracranial shunting. Epilepsy was controlled with anticonvulsant therapy. Although good lasting results may be obtained with aggressive treatment of neurocysticercosis, patients are liable to relapse because surgery is only palliative in most instances.
Social Development in Young Children: A Study in Beginnings. By Susan Isaacs. (London: Routledge & Sons, 1933. Pp. vii + 480. Price 15s.) (1934)

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Effect of heat treatment on results for biochemical analysis of plasma and serum. (1985)

Incubation of serum and plasma samples at 56 degrees C for 30 min inactivates the HTLV-III virus. We assessed the effect of this procedure on results of routine biochemical tests by dividing samples of serum and plasma into two, heat-treating one while the other remained at room temperature. Samples were then analyzed in an SMA 16/60, an Astra-8, an Analox glucose analyzer, a Cobas Bio centrifugal analyzer, and manually for salicylate and acetaminophen (paracetamol). Most of the differences produced by heat treatment were not clinically significant, although heated samples proved unsuitable for use in assay of some commonly measured enzymes. Serum evidently is preferable to plasma for this procedure, and heat-treated serum samples can validly be used for most routine analyses. Thus this procedure makes safer the analysis of samples from patients with suspected or proven acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS).
Synthesis and characterization of methylsalicylate and acetaminophen silyl ether canditates for prodrugs (2006)

Some silyl ethers of acetaminophen and methylsalicylate of general formula ArOSiRR′R″ ArOH = parahydroxyacetanilide or 2-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester; SiRR′R″ = trimethylsilyl, triethylsilyl, dimethyltert(Bu)silyl, triphenylsilyl, dimethylsilyl, tris(trimethylsilyl)silyl (sisyl) or dimethylvinylsilyl have been prepared and fully characterized. The compounds were prepared from the combination of either acetaminophen or methylsalicylate with the silyl chloride of these groups. Two methods were employed. In the first Et 3 N was used in THF to remove HCl in coupling the silyl group to the organic substrate. In the other method imidazole as a base in dimethylformamide (DMF) were used. The effect of the silyl groups in providing stability to the compounds preventing or enhancing hydrolysis of the silicon-containing group was determined. The compounds were characterized by: NMR, IR, mass spectroscopy and elemental analysis (CHN) methods.
EFFECTS OF GIBBERELLIC ACID ON BARLEY ENDOSPERM (1962)

When slices of barley endosperm are incubated with gibberellic acid in aseptic conditions the activities of salt-soluble endo-β-glucanase and endopentosanase are greatly augmented and enzymes and soluble products of cell-wall degradation (hexosan and pentosan) are secreted into the surrounding medium. This cytolytic action, together with the enhanced amylolytic activity which can be detected in isolated endosperms subjected to gibberellic acid, is sufficient to cause complete solubilization of the starchy endosperm in 3 days at 25° C. Gibberellic acid acts through the respiring aleurone layer; it has no effect on aleurone-free endosperm or on endosperm slices in which the aleurone has lost the power of reducing tetrazolium salts. Gibberellic acid-induced sugar secretion from endosperm slices is maximal at 30° C. and completely inhibited at 37° C. and secretion both of sugars and of endo-β-glucanase is unaffected in conditions which inhibit proteolysis. Excised barley embryos show no response to added gibberellic acid. It is suggested that, when barley germinates without additions of gibberellic acid, endogenous gibberellin present in the embryo is translocated to the aleurone where it induces secretion of hydrolytic enzymes from subcellular particles, so causing modification to proceed inwards from the aleurone; if this is so, then added gibberellic acid merely enhances the effects of the endogenous component.
Nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii infections and changing Antibiotic Resistance (2013)

The issue of increased resistance to antibiotics poses difficulty in treatment of A. baumannii infections which in turn increases the rate of mortality and cost. In order to prevent development of resistance, antibiotics must be used in an appropriate way in accompanied with proper guidance.
Incremental clustering of attributed graphs (1993)

An incremental clustering system based on a new criterion function to group patterns represented by attributed graphs is presented. The system takes a succession of attributed graphs and builds up a concept hierarchy that summarizes and organizes input instances incrementally. For this purpose, the authors propose a new criterion function based on entropy minimization, and present an incremental clustering algorithm with the criterion function. For the attributed graph as an input instance, the clustering algorithm incrementally obtains a concept hierarchy in a top-down manner using the hill climbing strategy. It is shown that the execution of the incremental clustering algorithm and classification algorithm can be interleaved since the concept hierarchy is constructed incrementally. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the clustering of simple examples to show its capability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human tumor necrosis factor potentiates human interleukin 1-mediated rat pancreatic <i>beta</i>-cell cytotoxicity. (1987)

Previous studies have established that the cytokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) is selectively cytotoxic for isolated human and rat pancreatic beta-cells. This observation raises the possibility that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is in part due to immunologically mediated mechanisms involving IL-1. However, other cytokines are produced during immunologic responses. To study possible modulatory effects of other cytokines on IL-1-mediated beta-cell cytotoxicity, we added human recombinant IL-1 alpha and beta (rIL-1 alpha, rIL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor (rTNF), lymphotoxin (rLT), and interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma) separately or in combinations to the culture medium of isolated rat islets of Langerhans. A half-maximal inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin release after 7 days of culture was obtained with 100 pg/ml of rIL-1 beta, whereas 1000 pg/ml of rIL-1 alpha were necessary to obtain an equivalent effect. While ineffective in causing inhibition of beta-cell function or morphologic damage to islets alone 2.5 to 25 ng/ml of rTNF, but not 40 ng/ml of rLT, or 25 ng/ml of rIFN-gamma markedly potentiated the inhibition of beta-cell secretory response and dissolution of islet integrity caused by rIL-1 alpha and beta. The potentiating effect of rTNF was more pronounced if the rTNF was added after 60 min of preincubation of the islets with rIL-1 beta, than if rIL-1 beta was added after 60 min of preincubation with rTNF. rTNF did not interfere with the activity of rIL-1 alpha or beta on lymphocytes. Combinations of rIFN-gamma and rTNF or rLT did not affect beta-cell function. In conclusion, rTNF strongly potentiates the functional inhibition of beta-cells and the morphologic disintegration of islets caused by rIL-1 in vitro. These data, seen in context with previous observations of rIL-1-mediated beta-cell cytotoxicity, suggest that macrophages present in the intra-islet mononuclear cell infiltrate in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus may secrete monokines that could be important effector molecules in beta-cell destruction.
Positive Modulation Effect of 8-Week Consumption of<i>Kaempferia parviflora</i>on Health-Related Physical Fitness and Oxidative Status in Healthy Elderly Volunteers (2012)

Health-related physical fitness declines as the age advances. Oxidative stress is reported to contribute the crucial role on this phenomenon. This condition is also enhanced by antioxidant. Therefore, we aimed to determine the effect of Kaempferia parviflora, a plant reputed for antifatigue, longevity promotion, and antioxidant effects, on health-related quality physical fitness and oxidative status of the healthy elderly volunteers. Total 45 subjects had been randomized to receive placebo or K. parviflora extract at doses of 25 or 90 mg once daily for 8 weeks. They were determined baseline data of physical performance using 30 sec chair stand test, hand grip test, 6 min walk test, and tandem test. Serum oxidative stress markers including malondialdehde (MDA) level and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were also assayed. All assessments were performed every 4 weeks throughout the 8-week study period. The results showed that K. parviflora increased performance in 30-second chair stand test and 6 min walk test together with the increased all scavenger enzymes activities and the decreased MDA level. Therefore, K. parviflora can enhance physical fitness partly via the decreased oxidative stress. In conclusion, K. parviflora is the potential health supplement for elderly. However, further study is required.
Digital System of Asynchronous Pulse Noise Cancellation; (2003)

An algorithm is considered for the processing of the radar information coming to the input of a coherent pulse radar. The algorithm allows to detect and to cancel an asynchronous pulse noise (APN) by the processing of one range-bin. The algorithm is based on the use of the Doppler phase filters formed on the basis of the coefficients of the discrete Fourier transform. The results are presented of the mathematical simulation of the input signal processing of a digital system for the APN cancellation, the system being based on the spectral analysis of the APN characteristics. Several variants of the cancellation system are proposed.
Enantio- and diastereo-selective synthesis of carbocyclic oxetanocin analogues (1989)

Y. Ichikawa, A. Narita, A. Shiozawa, Y. Hayashi and K. Narasaka, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1989, 1919 DOI: 10.1039/C39890001919
Direct AWG sine wave synthesis with fixed clock frequency (2002)

Direct Generation of Sinusoids using an Arbitrary Waveform Generator is a common synthesis technique. Generating an arbitrary frequency has generally been implemented by synthesizing a master clock frequency with techniques, which can introduce jitter. A method of generating a frequency to an arbitrary accuracy using the mathematics of continuing fractions is described.
Self-Concept and the Perception of Facial Appearance in Children and Adolescents Seeking Orthodontic Treatment (2008)

The self-perceived level of the attractiveness or "positive" feelings toward the dentofacial region is more strongly related to self-concept than the severity of the malocclusion as indicated by the PAR score or by the adolescent's perception of their malocclusion.
Neuroprotective Actions of Methylene Blue and Its Derivatives (2012)

Methylene blue (MB), the first lead chemical structure of phenothiazine and other derivatives, is commonly used in diagnostic procedures and as a treatment for methemoglobinemia. We have previously demonstrated that MB could function as an alternative mitochondrial electron transfer carrier, enhance cellular oxygen consumption, and provide protection in vitro and in rodent models of Parkinson's disease and stroke. In the present study, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of MB in vitro using MB and six structurally related compounds. MB reduces mitochondrial superoxide production via alternative electron transfer that bypasses mitochondrial complexes I-III. MB mitigates reactive free radical production and provides neuroprotection in HT-22 cells against glutamate, IAA and rotenone toxicity. Distinctly, MB provides no protection against direct oxidative stress induced by glucose oxidase. Substitution of a side chain at MB's 10-nitrogen rendered a 1000-fold reduction of the protective potency against glutamate neurototoxicity. Compounds without side chains at positions 3 and 7, chlorophenothiazine and phenothiazine, have distinct redox potentials compared to MB and are incapable of enhancing mitochondrial electron transfer, while obtaining direct antioxidant actions against glutamate, IAA, and rotenone insults. Chlorophenothiazine exhibited direct antioxidant actions in mitochondria lysate assay compared to MB, which required reduction by NADH and mitochondria. MB increased complex IV expression and activity, while 2-chlorphenothiazine had no effect. Our study indicated that MB could attenuate superoxide production by functioning as an alternative mitochondrial electron transfer carrier and as a regenerable anti-oxidant in mitochondria.
The orthodontic-periodontic interrelationship in integrated treatment challenges: a systematic review (2010)

Orthodontic treatment aims at providing an acceptable functional and aesthetic occlusion with appropriate tooth movements. These movements are strongly related to interactions of teeth with their supportive periodontal tissues. In recent years, because of the increased number of adult patients seeking orthodontic treatment, orthodontists frequently face patients with periodontal problems. Aesthetic considerations, like uneven gingival margins or functional problems resulting from inflammatory periodontal diseases should be considered in orthodontic treatment planning. Furthermore, in cases with severe periodontitis, orthodontics may improve the possibilities of saving and restoring a deteriorated dentition. In modern clinical practice, the contribution of the orthodontist, the periodontist and the general dentist is essential for optimized treatment outcomes. The purpose of this systematic review is to highlight the relationship between orthodontics and periodontics in clinical practice and to improve the level of cooperation between dental practitioners. Potentials and limitations that derive from the interdisciplinary approach of complex orthodontic-periodontal clinical problems are discussed.
Recent Progress in the Catalytic Synthesis of Tertiary Alcohols from Ketones with Organometallic Reagents (2008)

Efficient tertiary alcohol synthesis is currently one of the most rapidly advancing fields in organic chemistry, and recent powerful catalytic methodologies can provide versatile tertiary alcohols, even with enantioselective properties. This review summarizes work on the highly efficient catalytic synthesis of tertiary alcohols from ketones and organometallic reagents. New trends in the catalytic synthesis of tertiary alcohols, including functionalized ones, such as tertiary cyanohydrins and tertiary aldols, are examined from the frontier viewpoints that use typical or transition-metal catalysts, organocatalysts, and metal ate complexes, among others.
CD152 (CTLA-4) Determines CD4 T Cell Migration In Vitro and In Vivo (2009)

We show here, that CD152 signaling does not just silence cells, but selects individual ones for migration. This novel activity of CD152 adds to the already significant role of CD152 in controlling peripheral immune responses by allowing T cells to localize correctly during infection. It also suggests that interference with CD152 signaling provides a tool for altering the cellular composition at sites of inflammation and antigenic challenge.
Polarity of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Infection in Polarized Human Lung Epithelial A549 Cells: Role of Microfilament and Microtubule (2001)

Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV-3) is an airborne pathogen that infects the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract. In the present study we investigated the interaction of HPIV-3 with the type II alveolar human lung polarized epithelial A549 cells. Although HPIV-3 entry and budding were bidirectional from both the apical and the basolateral domains, HPIV-3 exhibited preferential entry and release from the apical pole. While disruption of the cellular actin microfilament and microtubule by cytochalasin D and nocodazole, respectively, had no effect on virus entry, disruption of the microtubule but not the microfilament inhibited HPIV-3 release.
Genomic Instability: The Driving Force behind Refractory/Relapsing Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2013)

In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) the malignant mononuclear Hodgkin (H) and multinuclear, diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are rare and generally make up <3% of the total cellular mass of the affected lymph nodes. During recent years, the introduction of laser micro-dissection techniques at the single cell level has substantially improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HL. Gene expression profiling, comparative genomic hybridization analysis, micro-RNA expression profiling and viral oncogene sequencing have deepened our knowledge of numerous facets of H- and RS-cell gene expression deregulation. The question remains whether disturbed signaling pathways and deregulated transcription factors are at the origin of refractory/relapsing Hodgkin's lymphoma or whether these hallmarks are at least partially related to another major factor. We recently showed that the 3D nuclear organization of telomeres and chromosomes marked the transition from H- to RS-cells in HL cell lines. This transition is associated with progression of telomere dysfunction, shelterin disruption and progression of complex chromosomal rearrangements. We reported analogous findings in refractory/relapsing HL and identified the shelterin proteins TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 as targets of the LMP1 oncogene in post-germinal center B-cells. Here we summarize our findings, including data not previously published, and propose a model in which progressive disruption of nuclear integrity, a form of genomic instability, is the key-player in refractory/relapsing HL. Therapeutic approaches should take these findings into account.
Serologic Response to Canine Distemper Viral Antigens in Gnotobiotic Dogs Infected with Canine Distemper Virus (1975)

The humoral immune response to canine distemper viral antigens in gnotobiotic dogs experimentally infected with canine distemper virus was studied by the complement fixation and serum neutralization tests. Antibody titers measured by both serologic methods varied inversely with the severity of disease produced. Recovered dogs demonstrated the highest titers of antibody, whereas fatally infected dogs had little or no antibody activity in their sera. A third group of dogs, characterized by chronic persistent infection, had intermediate levels of anitbody to canine distemper virus. Preliminary characterization of the viral antigens involved in the complement fixation test indicated that at least two antigenic components were involved. One antigen was soluble in ether and was heat-labile, whereas the other was relatively heat-stable and was unaffected by treatment with ether. No evidence for serologic cross-reaction between viral and central nervous system components was found. A vigorous antibody response to envelope antigen determinants in addition to core determinants distinguished immune dogs from persistently infected dogs. The results of this study suggest that the inability to produce antibodies to envelope antigens may be a crucial factor in the establishment of a persistent infection with canine distemper virus in these dogs.