gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Medial prefrontal cortical output neurons to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and their responses to burst-patterned stimulation of the VTA: Neuroanatomical and in vivo electrophysiological analyses (1999)

During a delayed period in a delayed-response task, prefrontal cortical neurons show a change in neuronal firing rate that is dependent on a functional mesocortical dopamine input. This change in firing rate has been attributed to be part of the cellular processes underlying working memory. However, it is unclear what neural mechanisms activate mesocortical dopamine neurons to provide an optimal level of dopamine to modulate the firing of the medial prefrontal cortical (mPFC) neurons. This study examined the possibility of whether mPFC neurons that project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA) might activate the ascending mesocortical dopamine neurons. To determine the locations of the mPFC-->VTA neurons, cholera toxin subunit B was microinjected into the VTA. Retrogradely labeled mPFC neurons mainly reside in the deep lamina V and VI. In vivo single unit recording in urethane-anesthetized rats were also used to determine the responses of some of these neurons to burst-patterned stimulation of the VTA. Single-pulse stimulation (1 Hz) of the VTA antidromically activated burst firing mPFC-->VTA neurons. In response to burst-patterned stimulation of the VTA, which mimicked burst firing of VTA dopamine neurons (4-10 pulses at 10-15 Hz cycled at 0.5-3 Hz), the temporal structure of spontaneous burst firing patterns of these neurons but not their mean firing rate were changed. However, the mean firing rate of the non-VTA projecting neurons (i.e., no antidromic response to VTA stimulations) was either increased or decreased by similar burst-patterned stimulation of the VTA. These data suggest that burst-patterned stimulation of the ascending VTA-->mPFC or putative mesocortical dopamine neurons might have released dopamine and/or other neuromodulators to modulate the temporal code, rather than the rate code, of mPFC-->VTA neurons. Medial PFC neurons that project elsewhere (e.g., nucleus accumbens or mediodorsal thalamus) may mediate the sustained firing rate changes during, e.g., short-term working memory.
Aminophenyl Oxazoles and Thiazoles (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAminophenyl Oxazoles and ThiazolesB. S. Friedman, Meredith Sparks, and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 11, 2262–2264Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01290a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01290a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication: SV40 large T antigen unwinds DNA containing the SV40 origin of replication. (1987)

The simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen (large tumor antigen), in conjunction with a topoisomerase, a DNA binding protein, and ATP, catalyzed the conversion of a circular duplex DNA molecule containing the SV40 origin of replication to a form with unusual electrophoretic mobility that we have named form U. Analysis of this molecule revealed it to be a highly underwound covalently closed circle. DNA unwinding was not detected with DNA containing a SV40 T-antigen binding site II mutation that renders the DNA inactive in replication. The unwinding reaction requires the action of a helicase, and SV40 T-antigen preparations contain such an activity. The T-antigen-associated ability to unwind DNA copurified with other activities intrinsic to T antigen [ability to support replication of SV40 DNA containing the SV40 origin, poly(dT)-stimulated ATPase activity, and DNA helicase]. However, in contrast to the unwinding activity, the SV40 T-antigen-associated helicase activity was not sequence-specific. A variety of labeled oligonucleotides hybridized with circular single-stranded DNA were displaced by T antigen in the presence of ATP.
Spatial-Temporal DFT projection for wideband array processing (1994)

A new approach for high-resolution direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation of coherent wideband signals is proposed. The approach is based on the projection of the two-dimensional spatial-temporal DFT of the received signal. The projections are used to construct narrowband covariance matrices having the same signal subspace which are then combined to yield the array covariance matrix. The array covariance can then be used by any signal-subspace eigendecomposition algorithm. The proposed approach does not require any preliminary estimates of DOAs and is not restricted to particular source models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of amino acid residues in chromogenic substrates cleaved by pancreatic elastase (1987)

Anionic chromogenic substrates, 3-carboxypropionyl tripeptide p -nitroanilides modified with glycine, β-alanine, alanine, leucine and proline in positions P 1 , P 2 , and P 3 were synthesized. The substrates were digested with pancreatic elastase and the values of K m , k cat , and k cat / K m were determined. Alanine plays a decisive role in position P 1 , substrates with glycine or β-alanine in this position are not cleaved. The substitution in P 2 is dominant for proline; next follow alanine, leucine, and glycine. The substitution in P 3 is the least specific one.
Application of a Novel and Rapid Whole Blood Assay for D-Dimer in Patients with Clinically Suspected Pulmonary Embolism (1995)

This study demonstrates that the SimpliRED D-dimer assay, which can be performed and interpreted at the bedside within five minutes, has potential clinical utility as an exclusionary test in patients with clinically suspected PE. The assay should be evaluated in large clinical management studies.
The occurrence and possible significance of some of the minor component acids of cow milk fat (1936)

THE occurrence in butter fatty acids of minute proportions (about 02 %) of A9-decenoic acid, first reported by Smedley [1912], has been definitely estab- lished by Gruin & Wirth [1922] and by Bosworth & Brown [1933]. Griun & Winkler [1924] mentioned in addition the presence of small quantities of do-, tetra-and hexa-decenoic acids, but Bosworth & Brown, who showed that a tetradecenoic acid forms nearly 1 % of the total butter fatty acids, were unable to detect the presence of hexa-or do-decenoic acids. Riemenschneider & Ellis [1936], however, have recently reported that goat milk fat contains 241 % of hexadecenoic acid, as well as smaller amounts of tetradecenoic (04 %) and decenoic (0-2 %) acids. No information appears to have been given as to the structure of the tetra-and hexa-decenoic acids of these milk fats. In a recent communication [Hilditch & Thompson, 1936] we described oxidation experiments conducted on certain of the lower fractions obtained from the esters of the "liquid" fatty acids of butter during ester-fractionation analysis, which showed that the above-mentioned lower unsaturated acids were clearly detectable in the ester fractions in question, and which indicated the presence of hexadecenoic acid as definitely as that of tetradecenoic acid.
Relations Among Particle Size, Shape, and Surface Area of Mg(OH) <sub>2</sub> and Its Calcination Product (1978)

Precipitated Mg(OH) 2 particles 0.05 to 1 μm in diam. and of various shapes were calcined in air for 1/2 h at 704°, 816°, 954°, 1093°, or 1232°C. At 704°C, BET surface areas, initially 11 to 32 m 2 /g, increased 1.4‐ to 7.6‐fold, and TEM observations showed pseudomorphs. Depending on the parent crystal size and shape, these particles contained either single layers or multilayers of MgO crystallites 40 to 260 Å in diam., roughly perpendicular to the original c axis. Pseudomorph stability varied greatly, even between particles of different shape in the same sample. Coalescence into single or linked angular particles occurred at 1093° and 1232°C, but one sample retained single‐layer pseudomorphs containing cubic crystallites. One observation indicated that sodium cation impurity decreased the surface area of oxide formed at 704°C.
Dual-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser for Microwave Frequency Generation (2007)

We demonstrate generation of RF/microwave frequencies using a dual-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser. We propose this device as a potential source of low phase noise, tunable frequencies into the millimeter wave regime compatible with RF-photonic systems.
Osmosensing by Bacteria: Signals and Membrane-Based Sensors (1999)

Bacteria can survive dramatic osmotic shifts. Osmoregulatory responses mitigate the passive adjustments in cell structure and the growth inhibition that may ensue. The levels of certain cytoplasmic solutes rise and fall in response to increases and decreases, respectively, in extracellular osmolality. Certain organic compounds are favored over ions as osmoregulatory solutes, although K+ fluxes are intrinsic to the osmoregulatory response for at least some organisms. Osmosensors must undergo transitions between "off" and "on" conformations in response to changes in extracellular water activity (direct osmosensing) or resulting changes in cell structure (indirect osmosensing). Those located in the cytoplasmic membranes and nucleoids of bacteria are positioned for indirect osmosensing. Cytoplasmic membrane-based osmosensors may detect changes in the periplasmic and/or cytoplasmic solvent by experiencing changes in preferential interactions with particular solvent constituents, cosolvent-induced hydration changes, and/or macromolecular crowding. Alternatively, the membrane may act as an antenna and osmosensors may detect changes in membrane structure. Cosolvents may modulate intrinsic biomembrane strain and/or topologically closed membrane systems may experience changes in mechanical strain in response to imposed osmotic shifts. The osmosensory mechanisms controlling membrane-based K+ transporters, transcriptional regulators, osmoprotectant transporters, and mechanosensitive channels intrinsic to the cytoplasmic membrane of Escherichia coli are under intensive investigation. The osmoprotectant transporter ProP and channel MscL act as osmosensors after purification and reconstitution in proteoliposomes. Evidence that sensor kinase KdpD receives multiple sensory inputs is consistent with the effects of K+ fluxes on nucleoid structure, cellular energetics, cytoplasmic ionic strength, and ion composition as well as on cytoplasmic osmolality. Thus, osmoregulatory responses accommodate and exploit the effects of individual cosolvents on cell structure and function as well as the collective contribution of cosolvents to intracellular osmolality.
Head-Mounted Photometric Stereo for Performance Capture (2011)

Head-mounted cameras are an increasingly important tool for capturing facial performances to drive virtual characters. They provide a fixed, unoccluded view of the face, useful for observing motion capture dots or as input to video analysis. However, the 2D imagery captured with these systems is typically affected by ambient light and generally fails to record subtle 3D shape changes as the face performs. We have developed a system that augments a head-mounted camera with LED-based photometric stereo. The system allows observation of the face independent of the ambient light and generates per-pixel surface normals so that the performance is recorded dynamically in 3D. The resulting data can be used for facial relighting or as better input to machine learning algorithms for driving an animated face.
Joint interference management and handover optimization in LTE small cells network (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the interaction between two major technical challenges for LTE small cells deployment, in order to face the explosive increase of the traffic growth. These challenges are 1-Inter-Cell Interference Management which becomes critical in dense deployment of small cells and 2-Mobility Management since the handover frequency between close-by cells increases considerably. These two features, often analyzed separately are intertwined. The main reason is that handover occurs in overlapping cellular areas, where interference level is the highest. In this paper, interference is managed by a decentralized approach based on Multi Armed Bandit solutions. Handover performances are evaluated thanks to standard Mobility Robustness Optimization counters. Thus, we evaluate the impact of inter-cell interference management on handover performances and we demonstrate through simulations that the optimal configuration of interference management shall jointly account for performances indicators directly impacted by the interference management mechanism performances like convergence duration and throughput but also for handover-related performance metrics.
Breast Cancer - The Art and Science of Early Detection with Mammography: Perception, Interpretation, Histopathologic Correlation (2004)

Chapter 1. Introduction Anatomy Correlation with Histology Nodular Densities Linear Densities Homogeneous, Structureless Densities Radiolucent Areas The Parenchymal Patterns Chapter 2. Pattern I Comparative Anatomy Examples of Pathologic Lesions Calcifications Mammographically Occult Lesions in Pattern I Chapter 3 Pattern II Comparative Anatomy Examples of Pathologic Lesions Chapter 4. Pattern III Comparative Anatomy Examples of Pathologic Lesions Chapter 5. Pattern IV Comparative Anatomy Examples of Pathologic Lesions Chapter 6. Pattern V Comparative Anatomy Examples of Pathologic Lesions Chapter 7. Finding breast cancer when it is still small A new era in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer The impact of early detection on breast cancer death Factors influencing early detection A systematic method for viewing mammograms A didactic approach to the analysis of the findings A didactic approach to viewing mammograms and practice in perception and workup of findings Chapter 8 Large section histopathology of the breast Chapter 9 Mammography positioning technique MLO projection CC view Latero-medial horizontal-beam projection Cleavage view
Identification of potential active-site residues in the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (1993)

The carboxyl-terminal catalytic domain of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) exhibits sequence homology with the NAD(P)(+)-dependent leucine and glutamate dehydrogenases. To clarify the role played by some conserved residues between PARP and NAD(P)(+)-dependent dehydrogenases, point mutations were introduced into the whole enzyme context. Non-conservative mutations of Lys-893 (K893I) and Asp-993 (D993A) completely inactivate human PARP, whereas conservative and nonconservative mutations of Asp-914 (D914E and D914A, respectively) and Lys-953 (K953R and K953I, respectively) partially alter PARP activity. The consequences of conservative substitution of Lys-893 and Asp-993 on the kinetic properties of human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme and the polymer it synthesizes suggest that these 2 amino acids are directly involved in the covalent attachment of the first ADP-ribosyl residue from NAD+ onto the acceptor amino acid. In addition, the recent resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the NAD(+)-linked glutamate dehydrogenase from Clostridium symbiosum (Baker, P.J., Britton, K.L., Engel, P.C., Farrants, G.W., Lilley, K.S., Rice, D.W., and Stillman, T.J. (1992) Proteins 12, 75-86) strongly supports our alignment with leucine and glutamate dehydrogenases and provides an interesting structural framework for the analysis of our results of site-directed mutagenesis.
Structural Determinants of Putrescine Uptake Inhibition Produced by Cationic Diamidines in the Model of Trypanosomatid<i>Crithidia fasciculata</i> (1996)

The effect of a heterologous series of cationic diamidines has been tested on cell growth and polyamine uptake on the model of insect Trypanosomatid Crithidia fasciculata. The maximum inhibitory effect on both parameters was found for pentamidine and dibromopropamidine, which exhibit a longer distance between amino and imino substituents. A minimum inhibitory effect was found with amicarbalide. A good relationship was obtained when the distance between amino moieties was plotted versus the inhibitory effect on putrescine uptake, suggesting a role of this structural property on polyamine transport in Crithidia fasciculata. In addition, a similar correlation was obtained for another Trypanosomatid parasite, Leishmania infantum.
C<sub>60</sub>·Bromobenzene Solvate:  Crystallographic and Thermochemical Studies and Their Relationship to C<sub>60</sub> Solubility in Bromobenzene (1998)

Differential scanning calorimetry, solution calorimetry, and room-temperature single-crystal X-ray diffraction were used to study the thermodynamic and structural properties of a solvated crystal C60·2C6H5Br. In the monoclinic solvate, two orientations of C60 were observed with fractional populations of 0.71 and 0.29. The enthalpy of solution of pure C60 in bromobenzene was determined to be ΔsolH[C60(s)] = −11.5 ± 2.0 kJ/mol. The enthalpy of solution of the solvated crystal was ΔsolH[C60·2C6H5Br(s)] = +28 ± 1 kJ/mol. The phase diagram of the system C60−C6H5Br for T < 423 K was constructed. It predicts the existence of a maximum in the temperature−solubility relationship for C60 in bromobenzene at 350 K. The activity of bromobenzene vapor over the solvated crystal is predicted to be reduced from its value over the pure liquid by a factor of 3.5.
Calculation of the Signal Voltage Induced in a Toroidal Proton-Precession Magnetometer Sensor (1971)

The signal EMF induced as a function of time in a proton-precession magnetometer sensor of toroidal shape with an elliptical cross-sectional area is calculated in terms of the magnetic properties of the sensor fluid, polarizing current, orientation of the sensor with respect to the direction of the ambient magnetic field, and geometric proportions of the sensor. It is assumed that the sensor is in a uniform ambient magnetic field; the polarizing current is reduced to zero in a time that is short compared to the period of the Larmor precession of the nuclear magnetic moments in the sensor fluid; the nuclear magnetic moments do not interact; and no significant current flows in the sensor winding during the relaxation process in which the EMF is measured. In the specific case that the sensor winding fills the toroid window and that the polarizing supply is a constant voltage source, the calculations permit a simple comparison of variously proportioned sensors in terms of the signal EMF amplitude.
Molybdenum (VI) binded to humic and nitrohumic acid models in aqueous solutions: phthalic, 3- and 4-nitrophthalic acids, catechol and 4-nitrocathecol, part 1 (2005)

Many mathematical models have been tested in the literature in the search of how humic acids (HA) from many natural sources complex to metal ions. HA are composed of natural degradation sources of C, N, P and S, bearing hydroxyl and carboxyl aromatic units in their inner structure. The presence of metal ions binded to these basic sites promotes fertility to the soil as well as can hold metal ions to be slowly released as the mineralization of the soil occurs. Nitrohumic substances are a laboratory artifact with higher N content then humic acids with an electron withdrawing group - NO2. However they still bear the main HA constituent chemical groups such as salycilate, catecholate and phthalate derivatives, all prone to bind to metal ions depending on the chemical conditions of the environment. This work intended to study the complexing behaviour of some HA models having very different Lewis basic binding sites in the presence of molybdenum (VI) ions, in aqueous systems, with varying pH values using some analytical tools. The formation constants of phthalic acid, 3- and 4-nitrophthalic acids, catechol and 4-nitrocatechol with Mo(VI) as well as the speciation of the complex species according to varying pH values were determined. Potentiometric and cyclic voltammetric titrations were employed to calculate the formation constants and to monitor the formation and decomposition of some complexed species. The results showed that although there is complexation between phthalic derived acids and molybdenum, the speciation favours it only until pH 6.0 at the best. On the other hand, salicylic and catechol derived models showed existence of complexation until basic pH values, allowing a compromising complexation pH range when humic and nitrohumic substances are involved.
Design and Measured Behavior of a Hybrid Precast Concrete Wall Specimen for Seismic Regions (2010)

This paper presents the measured behavior from the testing of a 0.4-scale “hybrid” precast concrete wall specimen under reversed-cyclic lateral loading and provides an assessment of the seismic design and analysis of the wall by using the experimental results. The hybrid precast wall system investigated in the paper utilizes a combination of mild (i.e., Grade 400) steel and high-strength unbonded posttensioning (PT) steel for lateral resistance across horizontal joints. A seismic design procedure that conforms to ACI 318 and ACI ITG-5.2 was used for the design of the test specimen based on ACI ITG-5.1. The behavior of the specimen was measured with conventional data acquisition techniques and also full-field digital image correlation of the base panel and the critical joint between the base panel and the foundation, providing unprecedented information on the wall performance. The paper compares these measurements with the design and analytical predictions, focusing specifically on the applied lateral load and displacement, energy dissipation, behavior of the steel reinforcement, and behavior along the horizontal joints. The test specimen was not able to reach the expected ultimate drift level owing to a combination of poor unconfined concrete strength and poor placement of the confinement reinforcement at the toes. However, the performance of the wall up to the failure point was consistent with the predicted behavior based on both the design procedure and the analytical models.
Adaptive OFDM synchronization algorithms based on discrete stochastic approximation (2005)

This paper presents discrete stochastic approximation algorithms (DSA) for time synchronization in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It is shown that the discrete stochastic approximation algorithms can be effectively used to achieve a significant reduction in computational complexity compared to brute force maximum-likelihood (ML) methods for OFDM synchronization. The most important property of the proposed algorithms is their recursive self-learning capability-most of the computational effort is spent at the global or a local optimizer of the objective function. The convergence of the algorithms is analyzed. An adaptive version of the discrete stochastic approximation algorithm is also presented for tracking time-varying time delays and frequency offsets in time-selective fading channels. Detailed numerical examples illustrate the performance gains of these DSA-based synchronization algorithms.