gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the hydro-mechanical behavior of ancient railway flatforms in term of reinforcement by soil-mixing (2013)

Le présent travail porte sur le comportement des plates-formes ferroviaires anciennes en France. Tout d'abord, une étude statistique a été menée sur les problèmes survenus dans l'ensemble du réseau ferroviaire français. L'analyse montre l'importance particulière de la qualité du sol support pour la performance de la sous-structure et pour la tenue géométrique des voies. Ensuite, une ligne ferroviaire ancienne située à l'Ouest de la France a été étudiée spécifiquement. Les analyses montrent que la vitesse de dégradation de cette ligne est en corrélation avec les différents paramètres tels que la nature de sol support, l'épaisseur des couches de la sous-structure. Une tendance d'augmentation de la vitesse de dégradation avec la diminution de l'épaisseur de la couche intermédiaire est identifiée. Cette couche as un impact positif puisqu'elle réduit les contraintes appliquées au sol support. Le comportement hydromécanique du sol de la couche intermédiaire dans des conditions différentes (teneur en eau, teneur en particules fines, charge, nombre de cycles) a été étudié. Des essais triaxiaux et des essais de colonne d'infiltration ont été réalisés à cette fin. En analysant les propriétés de résistance au cisaillement, la déformation axiale permanente et le module réversible, on a constaté que les effets de la teneur en eau et de la teneur en fines doivent être pris en compte ensemble. Une augmentation de teneur en fines dans la couche intermédiaire présente un impact positif à l'état non saturé grâce à l'effet de la succion, mais un impact négatif à l'état saturé. Les essais de colonne d'infiltration avec des cycles de séchage/humidification ont montré que la conductivité hydraulique du sol est gouvernée par la fraction de fines et qu'elle ne change pas significativement avec la teneur en fines. Afin d'étudier les mécanismes de la création de la couche intermédiaire et de remontée boueuse, un modèle physique de 550 mm de diamètre intérieur a été développé. Des échantillons de sol qui représentent la sous-structure ferroviaire ancienne avec une couche de ballast posée sur une couche de limon artificielle (mélange de sable concassé et du kaolin) ont été testés. Les effets des charges monotones et cycliques, de la teneur en eau et de la masse volumique sèche du sol support ont été étudiés. Il a été constaté que la pression interstitielle développée dans le sol support et la rigidité du sol support sont des facteurs clés pour la migration des particules fines ou la création de la couche intermédiaire/la remontée boueuse. L'eau est la condition nécessaire, mais c'est la compressibilité du sol support qui gouverne le phénomène à se produire
Pattern Density Dependence of Thermal Deformation of Extreme Ultraviolet Mask and Its Impact on Full Field Lithography Performance (2007)

Full field lithography performance of production extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) tool has been studied when thermal deformation of mask and projection optics (PO) can not be neglected at 45 nm node. The thermal deformation of a philosophic design of EUV mask with certain local pattern density had been analyzed. The results show that thermal management is needed. The lithography performance of deformed EUVL system is degraded significantly due to the maximum pattern placement error of 5.9 nm on the wafer, consequently result in poor overlay accuracy. The results indicate that thermal deformation of system result in a tight role of system design, mask and resist technology.
A Thyroid Hormone Deiodinase Inhibitor Can Decrease Cutaneous Cell Proliferation <i>In Vitro</i> (2009)

The study is the first to demonstrate that IOP inhibits cutaneous cell proliferation and that supplemental T(3) is sufficient to correct at least part of the inhibition caused by IOP. The data suggest that IOP decreases cutaneous cell proliferation by inhibition of intracellular T(4) to T(3) conversion. The data provide indirect evidence of the presence of type 1 or type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase activity in skin cells. The data support our previous hypothesis that T(3) is necessary for normal cutaneous proliferation.
Roles and Modalities of Ectonucleotidases in Remodeling the Multiple Myeloma Niche (2017)

Ectoenzymes are cell surface molecules, which represent functional bridges between the environment and the cytoplasm. One set of ectoenzymes-CD39, CD38, CD203a, and CD73-leads to the generation of adenosine (ADO) by metabolizing ATP and NAD<sup>+</sup>. While ADO is known to control inflammation and suppress immune responses, other aspects of ADO function are still obscure, mainly due to its short half-life in biological fluids. Human multiple myeloma (MM) grows in the closed system of the bone marrow (BM) niche representing an ideal setting for studying ectoenzymes and their products. Another source of information on ectoenzyme function may derive from <i>in vivo</i> results of anti-CD38 antibody therapy in MM. Current results, obtained from <i>in vitro</i> models and from preliminary <i>in vivo</i> findings, indicate that ectoenzymes produce ADO locally in the BM niche. Furthermore, MM cells release microvesicles (MV), which thanks to their molecular cargo and surface ectoenzymes may function as particulate communicators outside of the niche. During anti-CD38 antibody therapy, the MV carry therapeutic IgG, determining that the prevalent orientation of MV will be toward cells and tissues expressing receptors for the IgG Fc domain. The resulting picture is one where MM adopts an immune escape strategy based on reshaping the environmental niche. This adaptation is followed by actions of MV that are exerted in biological fluids and circulating immune cells. By coating FcRs<sup>+</sup> cells, MV modify pericellular spaces, reproducing the metabolic halo generated by ectoenzymes within closed systems.
Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communications: A Tutorial (2021)

Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) is an enabling technology to engineer the radio signal propagation in wireless networks. By smartly tuning the signal reflection via a large number of low-cost passive reflecting elements, IRS is capable of dynamically altering wireless channels to enhance the communication performance. It is thus expected that the new IRS-aided hybrid wireless network comprising both active and passive components will be highly promising to achieve a sustainable capacity growth cost-effectively in the future. Despite its great potential, IRS faces new challenges to be efficiently integrated into wireless networks, such as reflection optimization, channel estimation, and deployment from communication design perspectives. In this paper, we provide a tutorial overview of IRS-aided wireless communications to address the above issues, and elaborate its reflection and channel models, hardware architecture and practical constraints, as well as various appealing applications in wireless networks. Moreover, we highlight important directions worthy of further investigation in future work.
Maximizing productivity of chromatography steps for purification of monoclonal antibodies (2007)

The large scale production of monoclonal antibodies presents a challenge to design efficient and cost effective downstream purification processes. We explored a two stage resin screening approach to identify the best candidates to be utilized for the platform purification of monoclonal antibodies. The study focused on commercially available affinity resins including Protein A, mimetic and mixed-mode interaction resins as well as ion exchangers used in polishing steps. An initial screening using pure proteins was followed by a final screening where selected resins were utilized for the purification of MAbs in complex mixtures. Initial screenings aimed to measure the theoretical upper limit for dynamic binding capacity (DBC) at 1% breakthrough and productivity. We confirmed that DBC of affinity, mimetic and mixed-mode resins was a strong function of the linear velocity used for loading. Productivities >27 g/(L-h), were obtained for rProtein A FF, Mabselect and Prosep rA Ultra at 2 min residence time. For the cation exchangers, we identified UNOsphere S and Fractogel SO(3) as the best candidates for our purification based on DBC. For anion exchangers operated in flowthrough mode, Q Sepharose XL and UNOsphere Q were selected from the initial screening based on DBC and resolution of IgG from BSA. Finally, a three step purification scheme was implemented using the selected affinity and ion exchangers for the purification of IgG from complex feedstocks. We found that Mabselect followed by UNOsphere Q and UNOsphere S provided the best purification scheme for our applications based on productivity.
Invasion and migration of spatially self‐limiting gene drives: A comparative analysis (2017)

Recent advances in research on gene drives have produced genetic constructs that could theoretically spread a desired gene (payload) into all populations of a species, with a single release in one place. This attribute has advantages, but also comes with risks and ethical concerns. There has been a call for research on gene drive systems that are spatially and/or temporally self-limiting. Here, we use a population genetics model to compare the expected characteristics of three spatially self-limiting gene drive systems: one-locus underdominance, two-locus underdominance and daisy-chain drives. We find large differences between these gene drives in the minimum release size required for successfully driving a payload into a population. The daisy-chain system is the most efficient, requiring the smallest release, followed by the two-locus underdominance system, and then the one-locus underdominance system. However, when the target population exchanges migrants with a nontarget population, the gene drives requiring smaller releases suffer from higher risks of unintended spread. For payloads that incur relatively low fitness costs (up to 30%), a simple daisy-chain drive is practically incapable of remaining localized, even with migration rates as low as 0.5% per generation. The two-locus underdominance system can achieve localized spread under a broader range of migration rates and of payload fitness costs, while the one-locus underdominance system largely remains localized. We also find differences in the extent of population alteration and in the permanence of the alteration achieved by the three gene drives. The two-locus underdominance system does not always spread the payload to fixation, even after successful drive, while the daisy-chain system can, for a small set of parameter values, achieve a temporally limited spread of the payload. These differences could affect the suitability of each gene drive for specific applications.
P. Bodu Analyse typo-technologique du matériel lithique de quelques unités du site magdalénien de Pincevent (Seine-et-Marne). Applications spatiales, économiques et sociales (1995)

Julien Michèle. P. Bodu Analyse typo-technologique du matériel lithique de quelques unités du site magdalénien de Pincevent (Seine-et-Marne). Applications spatiales, économiques et sociales. In: Bulletin de la Société préhistorique française, tome 92, n°1, 1995. pp. 15-17.
Nerve growth factor: stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte chemotaxis in vitro. (1983)

Topical application of mouse nerve growth factor (NGF) to superficial skin wounds of mice has previously been shown to accelerate the rate of wound contraction. Results of the present study reveal that NGF in the presence of plasma is also chemotactic for human polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro, and the concentration of NGF required for this effect is similar to that which stimulates ganglionic neurite outgrowth. This property does not arise from liberation of the C5a fragment of complement, nor does it require the known enzymic activity of NGF. (NGF inactivated with diisopropyl fluorophosphate is equally active.) We conclude that NGF can display biological effects on cells of nonneural origin and function, and this feature might play a role in the early inflammatory response to injury.
High efficiency gene transfer into cultured primary rat and human hepatic stellate cells using baculovirus vectors (2002)

Baculovirus vectors can therefore be used to deliver target genes to cultured rat and human HSC with high efficiency and longevity in the absence of detrimental effects on cell function.
Bis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphorochloridite as a reagent for the phosphorylation of oligonucleotides: preparation of 5'-phosphorylated 2',5'-oligoadenylates (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBis(2,2,2-trichloroethyl) phosphorochloridite as a reagent for the phosphorylation of oligonucleotides: preparation of 5'-phosphorylated 2',5'-oligoadenylatesJiro Imai and Paul F. TorrenceCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 20, 4015–4021Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00333a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00333a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Assembly of Distinct Pilus Structures on the Surface of <i>Corynebacterium diphtheriae</i> (2006)

Different surface organelles contribute to specific interactions of a pathogen with host tissues or infectious partners. Multiple pilus gene clusters potentially encoding different surface structures have been identified in several gram-positive bacterial genomes sequenced to date, including actinomycetales, clostridia, corynebacteria, and streptococci. Corynebacterium diphtheriae has been shown to assemble a pilus structure, with sortase SrtA essential for the assembly of a major subunit SpaA and two minor proteins, SpaB and SpaC. We report here the characterization of a second pilus consisting of SpaD, SpaE, and SpaF, of which SpaD and SpaE form the pilus shaft and SpaF may be located at the pilus tip. The structure of the SpaDEF pilus contains no SpaABC pilins as detected by immunoelectron microscopy. Neither deletion of spaA nor sortase srtA abolishes SpaDEF pilus formation. The assembly of the SpaDEF pilus requires specific sortases located within the SpaDEF pilus gene cluster. Although either sortase SrtB or SrtC is sufficient to polymerize SpaDF, the incorporation of SpaE into the SpaD pili requires sortase SrtB. In addition, an alanine in place of the lysine of the SpaD pilin motif abrogates pilus polymerization. Thus, SpaD, SpaE, and SpaF constitute a different pilus structure that is independently assembled and morphologically distinct from the SpaABC pili and possibly other pili of C. diphtheriae.
Vaporization of Iridium and Rhodium (1961)

The vaporization of iridium and rhodium have been studied by Knudsen effusion and Langmuir evaporation techniques. The vapor pressure of iridium over the temperature range of from 2100° to 2600°K is represented by the equation: logpmm=10.46— (33980/T), and the vapor pressure of rhodium over the temperature range of from 2050° to 2200°K by the equation: logpmm=10.28— (28300/T). Third-law analyses of the data yield the following heats of vaporization:iridium, ΔH298=158.4±0.5 kcal/mole; rhodium, ΔH298=132.8±0.3 kcal/mole. Estimated boiling points for iridium and rhodium are 4800° and 3980°K, respectively.
Detection and Evaluation of Localized Damage under Creep-Fatigue Loading at 1000°F Using Acoustic Emission Technique (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Effects of Distortion of Metal–Oxygen Octahedra on Photocatalytic Water‐Splitting Performance of RuO<sub>2</sub>‐Loaded Niobium and Tantalum Phosphate Bronzes (2011)

Sodium, niobium, and tantalum phosphate bronzes Na(4)M(8)P(4)O(32) (M=Nb, Ta) are employed as photocatalysts for water splitting to reveal the effects of the distortion of metal-oxygen octahedra on the photocatalytic performance. Addition of RuO(2) as a co-catalyst leads to high, stable activity in the stoichiometric production of H(2) and O(2) under UV irradiation. The combination of highly crystallized phosphates and a high dispersion of RuO(2) particles result in high photocatalytic activity. The sodium niobium phosphate bronze Na(2)Nb(8)P(4)O(32), consisting of a framework built up from slabs of corner-sharing NbO(6) octahedra connected through isolated PO(4) tetrahedra, provide heavily distorted NbO(6) octahedra with large internal dipole moments. The results support the existing view that the activity correlates with the magnitude of the dipole moment. The heavy distortion of NbO(6) octahedra is shown to play a significant role in photocatalytic water splitting.
Influence of antibiotic impregnation on the fatigue life of simplex P and palacos R acrylic bone cements, with and without centrifugation (1989)

The fatigue properties of Simplex P and Palacos R bone cements were compared to their antibiotic impregnated counterparts AKZ* and Palacos R with gentamycin. The effect of porosity reduction by centrifugation of all four cement types was also assessed. Fifteen specimens of each cement type were prepared according to manufacturer's instructions and 15 additional specimens of each cement type were prepared by mixing the powder with chilled monomer (0 degrees C) and then centrifuging the cement immediately after mixing. Fifteen fully reversed tension-compression fatigue tests were performed at 15 MPa in stress control for each cement preparation in vitro while simulating the in vivo state (37 degrees C and 100% humidity). The number of cycles to failure were recorded. There was no significant difference in the fatigue life of Palacos R and Simplex P when both cements were prepared in the standard fashion. The addition of 1/2 g of gentamycin to Palacos R did not significantly alter its fatigue properties. The addition of 0.5 g of erythromycin and 0.24 g of colistin did not decrease the fatigue life of Simplex P. Centrifugation significantly improved the fatigue properties of Simplex P and AKZ. The fatigue lives of Palacos R and Palacos R with gentamycin were not improved by centrifugation. The fatigue life of centrifuged Simplex P was significantly greater than the fatigue life of Palacos R and of Palacos R with gentamycin, whether the Palacos R based cements were centrifuged or not.
Attenuation of Reserpine-Induced Catalepsy by Melatonin and the Role of the Opioid System (1989)

Several reports have indicated that melatonin influences motor activity in animals and humans. Melatonin has been reported to attenuate the rigidity and tremor of Parkinson's disease. Some of the behavioral effects (e.g., analgesic and anticonvulsant properties) of melatonin have been reported to be mediated through interactions with the endogenous opioid peptides. We investigated the effect of melatonin on reserpine-induced catalepsy in the rat and, additionally, examined whether this effect is modified by opioid peptides. Melatonin was found to attenuate markedly the duration of reserpine-induced catalepsy. These effects were potentiated by administration of the opiate agonist nalbuphine hydrochloride, while naloxone partially reversed the catalepsy reducing effect of melatonin. These findings suggest that the motor effects of melatonin may involve critical interactions with opioid peptides, and support the postulated reciprocal interactions between melatonin and opioid peptides that previously have been demonstrated for the analgesic and anticonvulsant properties of melatonin.
Estudio cinetico de la oxidacion por cr(vi) de los alfa-hidroxiacidos: glicolico, lactico mandelico, en medios fuertemente acidos (1986)

Se ha realizado mediante una tecnica espectrofotometrica dinamica el estudio cinetico de la oxidacion por cr(vi) de los alfa-hidroxiacidos: glicolico lactico y mandelico determinandose el posible papel del agua en la etapa lenta de velocidad mediante los criterios de: zucker-hammett bunnett y bunnett-olsen y empleandose las funciones de exceso para comprobar el mecanismo propuesto. Asimismo se han determinado las temperaturas isocineticas mediante el analisis sugerido por exnes garantizandose con el valor obtenido la validez de las distintas relaciones isocineticas.
Diffraction Free Light Source for Ghost Imaging of Objects Viewed Through Obscuring Media (2010)

Abstract : Quantum imaging is a new science that is developing new technology such as Quantum Ghost Imaging (QGI) to exploit quantum optical information. This research experimentally demonstrated the ability of diffraction free light sources to penetrate partially obscuring media and ghost image opaque objects. The experiments using diffraction free light beams were successful, supporting the capability of QGI to reveal images of objects through partial obstructions of the illumination. The results of this effort also demonstrated the ability to perform Quantum Inspired Ghost Imaging (QIGI) using only a single sensor, that is, a distant single-pixel bucket detector to ghost image opaque objects. Randomly displaced nearly diffraction free Bessel beams were successful at providing illumination patterns for the QIGI and resolving a small distant target. QIGI successfully recovered the image of the object even when the coarse illuminating Bessel beam had re-formed after passing through the obstruction of a small aperture displaced transverse to the laser beam.