gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expansion of the zinc metallo‐hydrolase family of the β‐lactamase fold (2001)

Recently, the zinc metallo-hydrolase family of the beta-lactamase fold has grown quite rapidly, accompanied by the accumulation of sequence and structure data. The variety of the biological functions of the family is higher than expected. In addition, the members often have mosaic structures with additional domains. The family includes class B beta-lactamase, glyoxalase II, arylsulfatase, flavoprotein, cyclase/dehydrase, an mRNA 3'-processing protein, a DNA cross-link repair enzyme, a DNA uptake-related protein, an alkylphosphonate uptake-related protein, CMP-N-acetylneuraminate hydroxylase, the romA gene product, alkylsulfatase, and insecticide hydrolases. In this minireview, the functional and structural varieties of the growing protein family are described.
<title>Recent improvement of pulsed laser electro-holographic system</title> (2002)

The application of pulsed laser in real time holography base don acousto-optic (AO) cells allows to get rid of mechanical horizontal scanning. The improvement of recently reported real time pulsed holographic display is presented. Ar-ion laser, used before as a coherent light source, is replaced with Q-switching Nd:YVO<SUB>4</SUB> laser with SHG, operated by external triggering at 46 kHz. The commercial PC dual monitor graphic card was adapted to generate six parallel analogue outputs to feed six AO cells with gray scale hologram data. The upgrade improves brightness and clearness of reconstructed images and reduces the system dimensions and power consumption. 2D and 3D images reconstructed from precomputed HPO holograms are presented.
Increased Serum Levels of Eotaxin in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2001)

Background: The CC-chemokines eotaxin and eotaxin-2, produced by epithelial and phagocytic cells, are potent and selective chemoattractants for eosinophils and basophils. The eosinophil is a potent inflammatory cell thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In this study we investigated the serum concentrations of eotaxin and eotaxin-2 in patients with Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis. Methods: Thirty-one patients with Crohn disease, 35 patients with ulcerative colitis and 41 control patients were studied. Eotaxin and eotaxin-2 serum levels were measured with solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results:
The eukaryotic host factor that activates exoenzyme S of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of the 14-3-3 protein family. (1993)

Exoenzyme S (ExoS), which has been implicated as a virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, catalyzes transfer of the ADP-ribose moiety of NAD+ to many eukaryotic cellular proteins. Its preferred substrates include Ras and several other 21- to 25-kDa GTP-binding proteins. ExoS absolutely requires a ubiquitous eukaryotic protein factor, termed FAS (factor activating ExoS), for enzymatic activity. Here we describe the cloning and expression of a gene encoding FAS from a bovine brain cDNA library and demonstrate that purified recombinant FAS produced in Escherichia coli activates ExoS in a defined cell-free system. The deduced amino acid sequence of FAS shows that the protein (245 residues, calculated molecular mass 27,743 Da) belongs to a highly conserved, widely distributed eukaryotic protein family, collectively designated as 14-3-3 proteins. Various functions have been reported for members of the 14-3-3 family, including phospholipase A2 activity and regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and, possibly, protein kinase C activities. Identification of FAS as a 14-3-3 protein establishes an additional function for this family of proteins--the activation of an exogenous ADP-ribosyltransferase. Elucidation of the precise role of FAS in activating ExoS will contribute to understanding the molecular mechanisms by which P. aeruginosa causes disease.
Prevention of catheter lumen occlusion with rT-PA versus heparin (Pre-CLOT): study protocol of a randomized trial [ISRCTN35253449] (2006)

Results from this study will determine if use of weekly rt-PA, compared to heparin, will decrease catheter malfunction, as well as assess the cost-effectiveness of these locking solutions.
A Single- and Multiple-Dose, Multicenter Study of Etelcalcetide in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients With Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (2017)

Etelcalcetide dose-dependently reduced serum iPTH and serum cCa. Moreover, the effect was sustained in the interdialytic period.
Thermotropic liquid crystal behavior on PBLG‐PDMS‐PBLG triblock copolymers (2006)

Abstract In this contribution, the preparation of rod‐coil‐rod triblock copolymers based on polydimethylsiloxane and polypeptide [poly(γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate)] is reported. Firstly, self‐assembly in rod‐like structures was demonstrated via polarized optical microscopy and small‐angle light scattering. Further structuration details were obtained using X‐ray scattering and AFM imaging to establish the formation of a double‐hexagonal structure and to accurately define the morphological dimensions of the rodlike structures. The thermal behavior of these structures was investigated using dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. We conclude by addressing an unexpected reversible thermal transition within the 130–150 °C temperature range and the ensuing associated organizational modifications. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4668–4679, 2006
A sub-half micron partially gate-to-drain overlapped MOSFET optimized for high performance and reliability (2002)

A partially gate-to-drain overlapped n-channel MOSFET using poly spacers was studied and compared to a fully overlapped and a conventional oxide spacer device in terms of performance and reliability. It is shown that, for a 500-AA partial overlap (flanked with 700-AA oxide spacer) device, the gate-to-drain overlap capacitance and simulated inverter delay are only 12% and 8%, respectively, higher than those of a conventional oxide spacer device. At a given performance level, the partial overlap device has two orders of magnitude longer DC hot-carrier lifetime than that of an oxide spacer device. The reason the overlapped device has high resistance to the hot-carrier stressing is the adverse oxide field at V/sub G/<V/sub D/ for the hot electrons to create damage under the spacer. The minimum gate-to-drain overlap distance maintaining the high reliability is roughly estimated to be around 200 to 300 AA for the current devices. The feasibility of selective removal of the poly spacers on p-channel and some layout-critical n-channel devices is demonstrated.<<ETX>>
The Residue Number System (1959)

A novel number system called the residue number system is developed from the linear congruence viewpoint. The residue number system is of particular interest because the arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction and multiplication may be executed in the same period of time without the need for carry. The main difficulties of the residue code pertain to the determination of the relative magnitude of two residue representations, and to the division process. A discussion of the arithmetic operations and the conversion process required to convert from a residue code to a weighted code is given. It is concluded that in its present state the residue code is probably not suitable for general purpose computation but is suitable for a special class of control problems. Further research in both components and arithmetic is required if a residue code suitable for general purpose computation is to be obtained.
Complications and safety of vagus nerve stimulation: 25 years of experience at a single center (2016)

OBJECTIVE The goal of this paper was to investigate surgical and hardware complications in a longitudinal retrospective study. METHODS The authors of this registry study analyzed the surgical and hardware complications in 247 patients who underwent the implantation of a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device between 1990 and 2014. The mean follow-up time was 12 years. RESULTS In total, 497 procedures were performed for 247 primary VNS implantations. Complications related to surgery occurred in 8.6% of all implantation procedures that were performed. The respective rate for hardware complications was 3.7%. Surgical complications included postoperative hematoma in 1.9%, infection in 2.6%, vocal cord palsy in 1.4%, lower facial weakness in 0.2%, pain and sensory-related complications in 1.4%, aseptic reaction in 0.2%, cable discomfort in 0.2%, surgical cable break in 0.2%, oversized stimulator pocket in 0.2%, and battery displacement in 0.2% of patients. Hardware-related complications included lead fracture/malfunction in 3.0%, spontaneous VNS turn-on in 0.2%, and lead disconnection in 0.2% of patients. CONCLUSIONS VNS implantation is a relatively safe procedure, but it still involves certain risks. The most common complications are postoperative hematoma, infection, and vocal cord palsy. Although their occurrence rates are rather low at about 2%, these complications may cause major suffering and even be life threatening. To reduce complications, it is important to have a long-term perspective. The 25 years of follow-up of this study is of great strength considering that VNS can be a life-long treatment for many patients. Thus, it is important to include repeated surgeries such as battery and lead replacements, given that complications also may occur with these surgeries.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-x%Zn-(Al) Alloy (2013)

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-x%Zn(5%,7%,9%,15% and 20%) binary alloys and Mg-7Zn-4Al alloy were investigated by optical microscope(OM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM) and universal testing machine.The results indicate that the microstructures of Mg-Zn binary alloys consist of α-Mg matrix and Mg7Zn3 on grain boundary.The tensile strength of alloys rises first and descends later with increasing the Zn content,while the elongations gradually decrease.The maximum value of tensile strength is 213.3 MPa with addition of 7% Zn;the tensile strength and elongation are significantly decreased when added more than 9% Zn content.Added 4% Al to Mg-7Zn matrix alloy,the microstructures consist of α-Mg matrix and Mg32(Al,Zn)49 ternary eutectic phase.Compared to Mg-Zn binary,the tensile strength of as-cast Mg-7Zn-4Al alloy has declined,but it is enhanced significantly after heat treatment,the value has increased by 57.8% to 305 MPa.Consequently,the addition of Al to Mg-Zn alloy is beneficial to heat treatment strengthening.
A method for transparent admission control and request scheduling in e-commerce web sites (2004)

This paper presents a method for admission control and request scheduling for multiply-tiered e-commerce Web sites, achieving both stable behavior during overload and improved response times. Our method externally observes execution costs of requests online, distinguishing different request types, and performs overload protection and preferential scheduling using relatively simple measurements and a straight forward control mechanism. Unlike previous proposals, which require extensive changes to the server or operating system, our method requires no modifications to the host O.S., Web server, application server or database. Since our method is external, it can be implemented in a proxy. We present such an implementation, called Gatekeeper, using it with standard software components on the Linux operating system. We evaluate the proxy using the industry standard TPC-W workload generator in a typical three-tiered e-commerce environment. We show consistent performance during overload and throughput increases of up to 10 percent. Response time improves by up to a factor of 14, with only a 15 percent penalty to large jobs.
High resolution AC temperature field imaging (1997)

Using a CCD camera and a multichannel lock-in scheme, the authors have enhanced the capabilities of photoreflectance microscopy to obtain a 2D image without scanning the sample, thus dramatically reducing the acquisition time. The photoreflectance images presented show Joule and Peltier heating of a polycrystalline Si 1 kΩ resistor across which a 30 mA peak to peak sinusoidal current is forced.
Optical Resolution by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. I. Separation of Enantiomeric Azerastine Hydrochloride by Ion Pair Chromatography (1989)

Enantiomeric separation of Azerastine hydrochloride, antiallergic drug, was developped by high-performance liquid chromatography. Optical resolution was investigated by ion pair chromatography using d-10-camphorsulfonic acid as a chiral counter ion and a polar stationary phase, Nucleosil 5CN. The increase of the chiral counter ion decreases retention of Azerastine. Good separation was obtained at 0°C of column temperature. By the use of 1-10-camphorsulfonic acid, elution order of enantiomers was reversed. The precision of the method was tested by performing replicate assay.
Detection of early locomotor abnormalities in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease (2011)

Behavioural assays represent sensitive methods for detecting neuronal dysfunction in model organisms. A number of manual methods have been established for Drosophila, however these are time-consuming and generate parameter-poor phenotype descriptors. Here, we have developed an automated computer vision system to monitor accurately the three-dimensional locomotor trajectories of flies. This approach allows the quantitative description of fly trajectories, using small fly cohorts and short acquisition times. The application of this approach to a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease enables the early detection of progressive locomotor deficits and the quantitative assessment of phenotype severity. The approach can be widely applied to different disease models in a number of model organisms.
Optical processes in microcavities (1994)

Optical microresonators can now be fabricated with dimensions of the order of half a wavelength on a side. For semiconductor microresonators this results in only a few optical modes interacting with the emitting material in the cavity. In this limit the threshold lasing characteristics are dramatically modified. Semiconductor microdisc experiments will be described where as much as 20% of the spontaneous emission is captured into the single lasing mode. This strong coupling of the radiation field with the resonant mode can cause anomalous laser linewidths and fluctuation phenomena. These experiments provide a good test of detailed models of dense, non-equilibrium electron-hole gases. Extensions of optical microcavities to a broad range of material systems will also be discussed.
Benziodoxole-Based Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in Organic Synthesis (2005)

Five-membered hypervalent iodine heterocycles derived from benziodoxole and benziodazole oxide have recently emerged as reagents of choice for various synthetically useful oxidative transformations. In particular, IBX (2-iodoxybenzoic acid) and DMP (Dess-Martin periodinane) are widely used for the selective oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols and for a variety of other important oxidations. IBX-amides and IBX-esters are a new class of pentavalent iodine reagents with a pseudo-benziodoxole structure and a reactivity pattern similar to IBX.
유럽연합(EU) 정책이전의 문제점과 시사점: 공동농업정책(CAP)을 중심으로 (2012)

유럽연합(EU)은 1993년 출범 이후 가장 거대한 정치·경제적 공 동체를 넘어 단일국가를 지향하고 있다. 하지만 회원 간에 존재하는 불균형이 서로 간의 갈등으로 나타나고 있으며, 이의 해결을 위해 지역균형발전을 최우선 과제로 추진하고 있다. 90% 이상이 농촌지역 인 유럽연합에서 지역 간 불균형 해소를 위한 대표적인 정책이 바로 공동농업정책(CAP)이다. 본 연구는 국가보다 상위의 유럽연합이 하위단위 지역정책에 개입 하면서 나타나는 문제점과 시사점을 공동농업정책의 정책이전 효과를 분석하여 도출하였다. 첫째, 지역개발정책에서 하향식 의사결정은 패치와 투과형태로 정책이 이전되나 중·동유럽국가(CEE)의 경제·사회적 여건을 반영하지 못하여 그 효과가 미비하였다. 둘째, 올바른 정책이전을 위해서는 정책수요지역의 제도적 역량을 강화할 필요가 있다. 셋째, 다층적 거버넌스에서 다양한 정책들 간의 조화가 매우 중요하다는 점이다. 이를 위해 복잡성의 정도가 높은 정책의 네트워크를 정비하는 것이 유럽연합이 추구하는 다층적 거버넌스의 과제일 것이다.
Functional and Binding Characteristics of Long-Acting Beta 2-Agonists in Lung and Heart (1996)

Salmeterol and formoterol, two new long-acting beta 2-agonists were equipotent (values of negative log molar concentration eliciting half-maximal effect [pD2] 9.2 +/- 0.03 and 8.9 +/- 0.03, respectively) in relaxing maximally contracted guinea pig tracheal spirals (histamine, 100 microM). Both agonists were 10 times more potent than L-isoproterenol and fenoterol and 100 times more potent than albuterol. L-Isoproterenol and fenoterol induced > 90% relaxation (percentage of maximal aminophylline relaxation). Formoterol and albuterol were equally efficacious. Formoterol was more efficacious (86 +/- 5%) than salmeterol (62 +/- 3%) or soterenol (59 +/- 3%). In minimally contracted tissues (10 microM histamine), agonist potencies increased 10-fold and relaxation was complete. In [125I]iodocyanopindolol-labeled bronchial membranes, formoterol and salmeterol induced high-affinity states of the beta 2-receptor (pKh 9.6 +/- 0.4 and 10.4 +/- 0.7, respectively), the former inducing a higher percentage (57 +/- 6 versus 28 +/- 4, p < 0.05). Only low-affinity binding (pKI) was observed when guanine nucleotide was present. pD2 values were similar to pKh values and relative efficacies significantly correlated with percentage of pKI sites. Formoterol and salmeterol were highly selective for the beta 2 versus beta 1-subtype (pKI values were 8.2 +/- 0.09 and 6.25 +/- 0.06 and 8.3 +/- 0.04 and 5.7 +/- 0.04, respectively). Albuterol (5.83 +/- 0.06 and 4.71 +/- 0.16) and fenoterol (6.33 +/- 0.07 and 5.67 +/- 0.05) were less selective. These results can explain the potencies and efficacies of salmeterol and formoterol in humans.
C333H Ameliorated Insulin Resistance through Selectively Modulating Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ in Brown Adipose Tissue of db/db Mice (2013)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a unique target for insulin sensitizer agents. These drugs have been used for the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes for almost twenty years. However, serious safety issues are associated with the PPARγ agonist thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Selective PPARγ modulators (SPPARMs) which retain insulin sensitization without TZDs-like side effects are emerging as a promising new generation of insulin sensitizers. C333H is a novel structure compound synthesized by our laboratory. In diabetic rodent models, C333H has insulin-sensitizing and glucose-lowering activity comparable to that of TZDs, and causes no significant increase in body weight or adipose tissue weight in db/db mice. In diabetic db/db mice, C333H elevated circulating high molecular weight adiponectin isoforms, decreased PPARγ 273 serine phosphorylation in brown adipose tissue and selectively modulated the expression of a subset of PPARγ target genes in adipose tissue. In vitro, C333H weakly recruited coactivator and weakly dissociated corepressor activity. These findings suggest that C333H has similar properties to SPPARMs and may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Endogenous Peptides and Analgesia (1978)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A2 (PAPP-A2): Tissue Expression and Biological Consequences of Gene Knockout in Mice (2011)

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A2 (PAPP-A2) is a novel homolog of PAPP-A in the metzincin superfamily. However, compared with the accumulating data on PAPP-A, very little is known about PAPP-A2. In this study, we determined the tissue expression pattern of PAPP-A2 mRNA in wild-type (WT) mice and characterized the phenotype of mice with global PAPP-A2 deficiency. Tissues expressing PAPP-A2 in WT mice were more limited than those expressing PAPP-A. The highest PAPP-A2 mRNA expression was found in the placenta, with abundant expression in fetal, skeletal, and reproductive tissues. Heterozygous breeding produced the expected Mendelian distribution for the pappa2 gene and viable homozygous PAPP-A2 knockout (KO) mice that were normal size at birth. The most striking phenotype of the PAPP-A2 KO mouse was postnatal growth retardation. Male and female PAPP-A2 KO mice had 10 and 25-30% lower body weight, respectively, than WT littermates. Adult femur and body length were also reduced in PAPP-A2 KO mice, but without significant effects on bone mineral density. PAPP-A2 KO mice were fertile, but with compromised fecundity. PAPP-A expression was not altered to compensate for the loss of PAPP-A2 expression, and proteolysis of PAPP-A2's primary substrate, IGF-binding protein-5, was not altered in fibroblasts from PAPP-A2 KO embryos. In conclusion, tissue expression patterns and biological consequences of gene KO indicate distinct physiological roles for PAPP-A2 and PAPP-A in mice.
DeepCalib (2018)

Calibration of wide field-of-view cameras is a fundamental step for numerous visual media production applications, such as 3D reconstruction, image undistortion, augmented reality and camera motion estimation. However, existing calibration methods require multiple images of a calibration pattern (typically a checkerboard), assume the presence of lines, require manual interaction and/or need an image sequence. In contrast, we present a novel fully automatic deep learning-based approach that overcomes all these limitations and works with a single image of general scenes. Our approach builds upon the recent developments in deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN): our network automatically estimates the intrinsic parameters of the camera (focal length and distortion parameter) from a single input image. In order to train the CNN, we leverage the great amount of omnidirectional images available on the Internet to automatically generate a large-scale dataset composed of millions of wide field-of-view images with ground truth intrinsic parameters. Experiments successfully demonstrated the quality of our results, both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Separation and identification of isoflavones with on‐line liquid chromatography‐electrochemistry‐thermospray mass spectrometry (1991)

Abstract The on‐line high‐performance liquid chromatography‐electrochemistry‐thermospray mass spectrometry (LCEC‐LC/MS) for separation and identification of the phenolic isoflavones genistein, formononetin, and Biochanin A is described. The isoflavones are separated on a C‐18 reversed phase column with methanol: 0.1 M ammonium acetate pH (70:30 v/v) as eluent, which is compatible for both LCEC and LC/MS detection. Low ng detection is achieved with a conventional glassy carbon thin‐layer electrochemical cell at 1.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode LCMS results in detection levels at the 20–50 ng range, and the compounds are positively identified. In the on‐line detection, the electrochemical cell is connected to the thermospray and the column effluent flows from the working electrode into the heated thermospray capillary tube. The results show that on‐line coupling between a thin‐layer LCEC and a thermospray‐LC/MS can be used to characterize analytical systems.
The Dynamic of Irwin's Forgotten Army: A Strategic Understanding of the British Army's Role in Northern Ireland after 1998 (2004)

Following the Belfast Agreement of 1998 it is often assumed that the British Army has largely fulfilled its role in Northern Ireland. The prospectus is for a slow reduction in troop levels commensurate with a return to normality. Even though over 13,000 soldiers remain stationed in the province, the army's commitment excites little public interest or analysis. However, by constructing a strategic framework this study intends to render explicit the army's continuing rationale and utility. The analysis reveals that far from being of diminishing importance after 1998, the British Army is still a vital player in the political dynamics of Northern Ireland.