gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Age of Biosenescence and the Incidence of Cerebral β‐Amyloidosis in Aged Captive Rhesus Monkeys<sup>a</sup> (1993)

Autopsy surveillance of 186 rhesus monkeys aged 20 to 36 years revealed that development of major geriatric diseases such as emphysema, coronary sclerosis, and cancer increased rapidly after the age of 25 years, and nearly 70% of the monkeys in each cohort group died by 30 years. According to our 12-year longitudinal survey, the age of biosenescence in captive rhesus monkeys begins around 25 years and the maximum longevity is 36 years. The incidence of cerebral beta-amyloidosis associated with plaque formation and cerebral angiopathy was observed in 51 brains of rhesus monkeys aged 25 to 36 years. Lesions were found in 31 of 51 aged brains (60%) and 6 monkeys over 34 years of age were all severely affected. Despite the size of the plaque, nearly all of them showed immunopositive beta-amyloid. Cerebral angiopathy coexisted in 10 of 31 plaque-positive brains. The basal prefrontal gyrus was the most common site and contained the highest density of plaques, followed by the amygdala region. The amyloid in the liver, spleen, adrenal and pancreatic islets in visceral amyloidosis showed no positivity to the beta-amyloid demonstrated in the brain. As in aged human brains, the incidence of age-dependent cerebral beta-amyloidosis in captive rhesus monkeys showed great individual variation.
Communications for Integrated Modular Avionics (2007)

The aerospace industry has been adopting avionics architectures to take advantage of advances in computer engineering. Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA), as described in ARINC 653, distributes functional modules into a robust configuration interconnected with a "virtual backplane" data communications network. Each avionics module's function is defined in software compliant with the APEX Application Program Interface. The Avionics Full-Duplex Ethernet (AFDX) network replaces the point-to-point connections used in previous distributed systems with "virtual links". This network creates a command and data path between avionics modules with the software and network defining the active virtual links over an integrated physical network. In the event of failures, the software and network can perform complex reconfigurations very quickly, resulting in a very robust system. In this paper, suitable architectures, standards and conceptual designs for IMA computational modules and the virtual backplane are defined and analyzed for applicability to spacecraft. The AFDX network standard is examined in detail and compared with IEEE 802.3 Ethernet. A reference design for the "Ancillary Sensor Network" (ASN) is outlined based on the IEEE 1451 "Standard for a Smart Transducer Interface for Sensors and Actuators" using realtime operating systems, time deterministic AFDX and wireless LAN technology. Strategies for flight test and operational data collection related to Systems Health Management are developed, facilitating vehicle ground processing. Finally, a laboratory evaluation defines performance metrics and test protocols and summarizes the results of AFDX network tests, allowing identification of design issues and determination of ASN subsystem scalability, from a few to potentially thousands of smart and legacy sensors.
10.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper:</i> High Efficiency and High Operational Stability Top‐Emitting OLEDs (2005)

Abstract We have succeeded in developing top‐emitting OLEDs with high efficiency and high operational stability using the V 2 O 5 buffer layer to suppress the damage from the bombardment of highly energetic particles and the degradation of the organic materials of the OLEDs by active oxygen in the sputtering process.
Isolation and partial characterization of an HIV-related virus occurring naturally in chimpanzees in Gabon (1989)

Two cases of wild-born chimpanzees which were positive for HIV-1 antibodies were observed in Gabon. These animals were never experimentally exposed to HIV-1 and had no history of inoculation with human blood products. A retrovirus was isolated from one of these chimpanzees. Several of the viral proteins from this virus, designated SIVcpz-GAB-1 (simian immunodeficiency virus from chimpanzee), differed in molecular weight from the known corresponding HIV/SIV proteins. The major gag protein of SIVcpz migrated on SDS-PAGE with a relative molecular mass of 25.5 and the outer membrane proteins were 110, 155 and 185 kD, respectively. SIVcpz did not induce severe cytopathic effects in human and chimpanzee lymphocytes. Antigenically, SIVcpz seems to be closer to HIV-1 than to HIV-2 and the other SIVs. Nucleic acid hybridization experiments appear to indicate that the virus is different from HIV-1 and HIV-2.
Development of hierarchical testability design methodologies for analog/mixed-signal integrated circuits (1997)

The inductive fault analysis (IFA) technique has been adopted in the previous study for the development of a defect-oriented testability design methodology for analog/mixed-signal integrated circuits. The design methodology defines a collection of fault types and develops a set of testability design rules which define the parameter bounds, generates the test vectors, and valuates the fault coverage. However, the IFA technique requires a tremendous amount of computational time and thus being limited for small circuits. To reduce the computational complexity for reasonably large analog circuits, this paper presents a hierarchical fault macromodeling. Based on the fault modeling for primitive cells in a cell library, a hierarchical fault macromodeling process is developed for establishing macro library to simplify the testability design process.
Oral vs Intravenous Ciprofloxacin in the Initial Empirical Management of Severe Pyelonephritis or Complicated Urinary Tract Infections (1999)

In the hospital setting, oral ciprofloxacin is as effective as the intravenous regimen in the initial empirical management of serious UTIs, including bacteremic forms, in patients without severe sepsis, obstruction, or renal foci of suppuration. The efficacy of the oral regimen indicates a potential use for ciprofloxacin in outpatient treatment of a subset of patients currently hospitalized on account of disease severity.
Full-wave modeling and optimization of Bøifot junction ortho-mode transducers (2008)

The full-wave design of broadband ortho-mode transducers based on the Bøifot junction has two main aspects: an efficient analysis method and a design process divided into tasks with relatively low computational effort. In the analysis part, a rigorous mode-matching technique has been developed to obtain the generalized admittance matrix of the Bøifot junction. The other elements of the device are also analyzed by mode-matching. With respect to the design, the proposed procedure starts with the optimization of the individual building blocks of the device. Their interaction is also taken into account in a systematic process. The analysis and design methods have been validated with other numerical methods and an experimental prototype. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2008.
Copper-catalysed cycloaddition reactions of nitrones and alkynes for bioorthogonal labelling of living cells (2014)

An adapted biocompatible version of the Kinugasa reaction, the copper-catalysed alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition followed by rearrangement (CuANCR), was developed for live-cell labelling.
Nickel Base Alloy GTD-222, a New Gas Turbine Nozzle Alloy (1991)

This paper summarizes the key properties of GTD-222 (1), a new cast nickel base nozzle alloy developed by GE for use in land based gas turbines. GTD-222 is being introduced as a replacement for FSX-414 in second and third stage nozzles of certain machines. Presented in this paper are comparisons of the tensile, creep-rupture, and fatigue properties of GTD-222 versus FSX-414. In addition, the results of a long term thermal stability study, high temperature oxidation and hot corrosion evaluation as well as weldability results will be discussed.
Cognitive radar: A knowledge-aided fully adaptive approach (2010)

A confluence of recent breakthroughs in knowledge-aided (KA) processing and adaptive transmit (ATx) radar technologies has enabled a new generation of cognitive radar architectures that affords unprecedented levels of intelligent adaptivity. In this paper one such architecture is introduced by the integration of KA and ATx methods to produce a new cognitive radar that encompasses an environmental dynamic database (EDDB), a “look-ahead” high performance embedded computing (HPEC) architecture pioneered under the DARPA/AFRL KASSPER project, and adaptive transmit (spatio-temporal) functionality.
Characterization and modeling of postural steadiness in the elderly: a review (1993)

The methods that have been used to evaluate the static (postural steadiness) and dynamic (postural stability) performance of the postural control system are discussed. Time and frequency domain measures of postural steadiness are described. Research of age-related changes in the postural control system, with an emphasis on postural steadiness evaluations, is summarized. Control systems and biomechanical models of the postural control system are considered. The evaluation of bilateral asymmetries in postural sway and weight distribution, with a dual force plate balance platform, is briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Supporting Easy Physical-to-Virtual Creation of Mobile VR Maze Games (2017)

With the fast development of virtual reality games, one of the key research questions is how players may express their creativity and participate in the process of game design. In this paper, we present a new game genre which combines user-controlled game design in physical space with game play in virtual space on a mobile device. The new system supports authoring by anyone, creating virtual reality games that can be easily modified or developed for physical space, and be used anywhere by novice end-users without any knowledge of tracking technology. We present the design and implementation of the system, as well as a user experiment. Findings illustrate that the proposed system promotes participation and provides a richer, more interactive and engaging experience.
A Multidrug Resistance Transporter in <i>Magnaporthe</i> Is Required for Host Penetration and for Survival during Oxidative Stress (2006)

In prokaryotes and eukaryotes, multidrug resistance (MDR) transporters use energy-dependent efflux action to regulate the intracellular levels of antibiotic or xenobiotic compounds. Using mutational analysis of ABC3, we define an important role for such MDR-based efflux during the host penetration step of Magnaporthe grisea pathogenesis. Mutants lacking ABC3 were completely nonpathogenic but were surprisingly capable of penetrating thin cellophane membranes to some extent. The inability of abc3Delta to penetrate the host surface was most likely a consequence of excessive buildup of peroxide and accumulation of an inhibitory metabolite(s) within the mutant appressoria. Treatment with antioxidants partially suppressed the host penetration defects in the abc3Delta mutant. abc3Delta was highly sensitive to oxidative stress and was unable to survive the host environment and invasive growth conditions. ABC3 transcript levels were redox-regulated, and on host surfaces, the activation of ABC3 occurred during initial stages of blast disease establishment. An Abc3-green fluorescent protein fusion localized to the plasma membrane in early appressoria (and in penetration hyphae) but became predominantly vacuolar during appressorial maturity. We propose that ABC3 function helps Magnaporthe to cope with cytotoxicity and oxidative stress within the appressoria during early stages of infection-related morphogenesis and likely imparts defense against certain antagonistic and xenobiotic conditions encountered during pathogenic development.
Long-term results following titanium cranioplasty of large skull defects (2009)

With the aid of CAD technology, all currently used alloplastic materials are suited even for large skull defect cranioplasty. Analysis of the authors' data and the literature shows that cranioplasty with CAD/CAM titanium implants provides the lowest rate of complications, reasonable costs, and acceptable postoperative imaging. Polymethylmethacrylate is suited for primary cranioplasty or for long-term follow-up imaging of tumors. Titanium implants seem to be the material of choice for secondary cranioplasty of large skull defects resulting from decompressive craniectomy after trauma or infarction. Expensive HA-based ceramics show no obvious advantage over titanium or PMMA.
Theoretical demonstration of enhancement of light extraction of flip-chip GaN light-emitting diodes with photonic crystals (2006)

The authors demonstrate, using finite-difference time-domain modeling, an enhancement in the extraction efficiency of flip-chip GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using photonic crystals. The authors compare the extraction efficiencies of four configurations of a flip-chip GaN LED: with and without photonic crystal (PhC) layers, with a perfect reflecting mirror, and a bottom PhC reflector on GaN in combination with a top PhC extractor on sapphire. The authors show that, by using a photonic crystal layer as a bottom reflector, they can enhance the extraction efficiency similar to that of a mirror, yet the PhC reflector has the advantage that the metallic mirror loss can be avoided.
X-ray analysis (1999)

This chapter covers the preliminary characterization of the crystals in order to determine if they are suitable for a full structure determination. Probably more frustrating than failure to produce crystals at all, is the growth of beautiful crystals which do not diffract, which have very large unit cell dimensions, or which decay very rapidly in the X-ray beam, though this last problem has been largely overcome by freezing the sample. It is impossible in one brief chapter to give more than a flavour of what the X-ray crystallographic technique entails and it is assumed that the protein chemist growing the crystals will have contact with a protein crystallographer, who will carry out the actual structure determination and in whose laboratory state-of-the-art facilities exist. However, preliminary characterization can often be carried out with little more than the equipment which is widely available in Chemistry and Physics Departments and so the crystal grower remote from a protein crystallography laboratory can monitor the success of their experiments. The reader should refer to the first edition for protocols useful for photographic characterization but such techniques are seldom used nowadays. It must be remembered, in any case, that X-rays are dangerous and the inexperienced should not try to X-ray protein crystals without help. It is necessary to provide an overview of X-ray crystallography, to put the preliminary characterization in context. For a general description of the technique the reader should refer to Glusker et al. (1) or Stout and Jensen (2). For protein crystallography in particular, the books by McRee (3) and Drenth (4) describe many of the advances since the seminal work of Blundell and Johnson (5). Amongst many excellent introductory articles, those by Bragg (6), published years ago, and Glusker (7) are particularly recommended. The scattering or diffraction of X-rays is an interference phenomenon and the interference between the X-rays scattered from the atoms in the structure produces significant changes in the observed diffraction in different directions. This variation in intensity with direction arises because the path differences taken by the scattered X-ray beams are of the same magnitude as the separation of the atoms in the molecule.
Refining the Spotlight on Lehi and Sariah (2006)

Royal Skousen’s endeavor to recover the original text of the Book of Mormon is more complicated than it seems because it involves more than simply reproducing the original manuscript. Rather, what Skousen means by “original text” is the very language that appeared on the Urim and Thummim. Every subsequent step, such as Joseph’s reading, his scribes’ understanding and transcribing of that utterance, and Oliver Cowdery’s copying of the manuscript for the printer, exposed the text to the possibility of human subjectivity and error. This paper explains the nature and scope of Skousen’s monumental undertaking and presents some of the methods and reasoning he employs to resolve disputed textual variants in search the Book of Mormon’s original text.
Mechatronics in storage technology (1997)

Storage technology is an essential part of computing. The most common device currently in use to store data is the direct access storage device (DASD) or disk drives as they are commonly known. Since their inception in 1956, DASD's have undergone a revolutionary change, and now several generations later store, retrieve, and archive massive quantities of data reliably at a rate (data rate) that renders "real-time" computing, graphical display, and other forms of data processing possible. The demand for data storage continues to increase very rapidly and therefore, the designers of disk drives continue to push the limits and find new frontiers in recording. At the same time, new methods of recording to increase the data densities and data rate are being pursued. Phase change optical recording and magneto-optical recording show promise for data storage for multimedia applications on one hand and inexpensive storage and retrieval devices such as magnetic tape drives are in wide use for common storage needs where data rate is of little significance. In designing of these devices, expertise in many disciplines such as electromagnetics, mechanics, tribology, heat and mass transfer, mechanical design and dynamics of mechanisms is required and the design process is very complicated. In this article, we will study how these disciplines come together and are linked together. Thus Mechatronics in the disk drives applications means study of interactive effects of disciplines listed above.
A Novel Calibration Method of Magnetic Compass Based on Ellipsoid Fitting (2011)

Magnetic compass is widely used to indicate the heading of vehicle by measuring the Earth's magnetic field. However, it suffers from local magnetic interferences; thus, the calibration of the magnetic compass is very essential before it is used. The traditional calibration methods require reference information and special requirements such as keeping the magnetic compass level during calibration, which is very difficult to manage outdoor. This paper presents an efficient method for calibrating the magnetic compass without the aforementioned traditional requirements. This method is based on the fact that the error model of magnetic compass is an ellipsoid, and a constraint least-square method is adopted to estimate the parameters of an ellipsoid by rotating the magnetic compass in various (random) orientations. This method can estimate all the parameters of the error model and compensate errors caused by sensor defects, hard-iron interferences, and soft-iron interferences. Although the calibration parameters are relative values, it does not have any influence on the heading calculated. The experimental results show that this method is effective in calibrating the magnetic compass, and the heading precision of the magnetic compass acquired after calibration is better than 0.4°.
Medium noise and grain size analysis of CoCrPt/Ti perpendicular media with NiAl seed layer (2001)

Perpendicular medium with an average grain size of 8.2 nm have been produced by using a-CoCrPt/Ti/NiAl tri-layer structure. The signal-to-noise ratio for the tri-layer medium is 2-7 dB higher than CoCrPt/Ti bi-layer medium at low deposition temperatures. The medium noise is dominated by dc noise and exhibits little transition noise for densities less than 500 kFCI. The ultra-small grain size will improve the performance of perpendicular media for future high-density recording applications.
Introduction (2010)

Abstract Homer Lea was a five-foot, three-inch hunchback whose career was stranger than those found in fictional romantic stories. He was known as a mysterious adventurer, author, and geopolitical strategist, and this created for him a role in the world. Lea began his adventures in 1900 after dropping out of Stanford University and went to China during the Boxer Rebellion where he became the ultimate and trusted personal military consultant to Chinese revolutionary leader, Dr. Sun Yat-sen. During his stay in China, Lea started to write and then soon became recognized as a prominent geopolitical and military strategist. In 1912, Homer Lea died due to his health condition but his short life and writings left an insightful imprint on the era's history. After his death, his writings were intentionally destroyed for the protection of his associates against possible legal prosecution.
OrthoFinder: solving fundamental biases in whole genome comparisons dramatically improves orthogroup inference accuracy (2015)

Identifying homology relationships between sequences is fundamental to biological research. Here we provide a novel orthogroup inference algorithm called OrthoFinder that solves a previously undetected gene length bias in orthogroup inference, resulting in significant improvements in accuracy. Using real benchmark datasets we demonstrate that OrthoFinder is more accurate than other orthogroup inference methods by between 8 % and 33 %. Furthermore, we demonstrate the utility of OrthoFinder by providing a complete classification of transcription factor gene families in plants revealing 6.9 million previously unobserved relationships.
Don't Say Yes, Say Yes (2016)

This demo is not about what you say but how you say it. Using a tangible system, Tonetable, we explore the shades of meaning carried by the same word said in many different ways. The same word or phrase is synthesised using the Intel Edison with different expressive techniques. Tonetable allows participants to play these different tokens and select the manner they should be synthesised for different contexts. Adopting the visual language of mid-century modernism, the system provokes participants to think deeply about how they might want to say yes, oh really, or I see. Designed with the very serious objective of supporting expressive personalisation of AAC devices, but with the ability to produce a playful and amusing experience, Tonetable will change the way you think about speech synthesis and what yes really means.
Implementing dynamic minimal‐prefix tries (1991)

Abstract A modified trie‐searching algorithm and corresponding data structure are introduced which permit rapid search of a dictionary for a symbol or a valid abbreviation. The dictionary‐insertion algorithm automatically determines disambiguation points, where possible, for each symbol. The search operation will classify a symbol as one of the following: unknown (i.e. not a valid symbol), ambiguous (i.e. is a prefix of more than one valid symbol) or known. The search operation is performed in linear time proportional to the length of the input symbol, rather than the complexity of the trie. An example implementation is given in the C programming language.