gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Immobilized Glycosaminoglycans on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2009)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells with potential for multilineage differentiation. They represent an attractive cell source alternative to embryonic stem cells for therapeutic applications. Optimal utilization of MSCs for tissue engineering requires improved biomaterials that can enhance their growth and direct differentiation. The biological activity of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) has been previously exploited for use in tissue engineering applications. In this study, MSC proliferation and differentiation was studied on GAG-derivatized chitosan membranes. The GAGs included heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, chondroitin 4-sulfate, chondroitin 6-sulfate, and hyaluronic acid. The covalent GAG immobilization method and amount of immobilized GAG were varied. It was found that MSC growth increased as much as fivefold on GAG-immobilized surfaces compared to tissue culture plastic and chitosan-only controls. The MSC growth rates increased significantly with increasing GAG density on the culture surfaces. The MSC proliferation rates on heparin, heparan sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and chondroitin 6-sulfate exhibited nonlinear increases with the level of fibronectin binding on these surfaces. In contrast, MSC proliferation on hyaluronic acid and chondroitin 4-sulfate was found to be independent of fibronectin or vitronectin binding on the surfaces, suggesting that these GAGs influenced MSC proliferation through different mechanisms. In conclusion, the results indicate that GAG immobilization on chitosan scaffolds provides an effective means of manipulating MSC proliferation and has promising potential for directing MSC differentiation in tissue engineering applications employing chitosan.
Immunomodulative effects of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human embryonic stem cells in vivo and in vitro (2011)

The hESC-MSCs demonstrate strong inhibitory effects on lymphocyte proliferation in vitro and anti-inflammatory infiltration properties in vivo. This study offers information essential to the applications of hESC-MSC-based therapies and evidence for the therapeutic mechanisms of action.
Study on Hydraulic Active Engine Mount (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">To date conventional active engine mounts have been applied to diesel passenger cars and recreational vehicles to reduce idle vibration. However, they have not been used with truck engines. This is because the active engine mounts required for the larger engines occupy a significantly larger space than a conventional engine mount in order to support the heavier loads. Consequently it is necessary to develop an advanced active engine mount which satisfies the requirements for not only durability but also size.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The authors have developed a new type of active engine mount system based around the use of the bellows, a voice coil motor and an accumulator. The final design has been shown to reduce the transmitted forces significantly while it has a relatively small electrical power consumption.</div>
A Pro to His mutation in active site of thioredoxin increases its disulfide-isomerase activity 10-fold. New refolding systems for reduced or randomly oxidized ribonuclease. (1992)

Thioredoxin (Trx) from Escherichia coli was compared with bovine protein disulfide-isomerase (PDI) for its ability to catalyze native disulfide formation in either reduced or randomly oxidized (scrambled) ribonuclease A (RNase). On a molar basis, a 100-fold higher concentration of Trx than of PDI was required to give the same rate of native disulfide formation measured as recovery of RNase activity. A Pro-34 to His (P34H Trx) mutation in the active site of E. coli Trx (WCGPC), mimicking the two suggested active sites in PDI (WCGHC), increased the catalytic activity in disulfide formation about 10-fold. The mutant P34H Trx displayed a 35-mV higher redox potential (E'0) of the active site disulfide/dithiol relative to wild type Trx, making it more similar to the redox potential observed for PDI. This higher redox potential correlates well with the enhanced activity and suggests a role for the histidine side chain. Enzymatic isomerization of disulfides in scrambled, oxidized RNase requires the presence of a catalytic thiol such as GSH to initiate the thiol-disulfide interchange. Bovine thioredoxin reductase, together with NADPH, could replace GSH. For oxidative folding of reduced RNase in air with Trx, P34H Trx, or PDI, catalytic amounts of sodium selenite (1 microM) resulted in rapid disulfide formation and high yields of ribonuclease activity equivalent to previously known redox buffers of GSH and GSSG. These results demonstrate no obligatory role for glutathione in disulfide formation. A possible mechanism for the unknown thiol oxidative process accompanying folding and protein disulfide formation in vivo is discussed.
The SIDDHARTA chip: a CMOS multi-channel circuit for Silicon Drift Detectors Readout in Exotic Atoms Research (2006)

We propose a multichannel CMOS circuit that will be used with silicon drift detectors (SDDs) for high-resolution and high peak stability X-ray spectroscopy. The circuit is developed in the framework of a project for researches on 'exotic atoms' (e.g. kaonic hydrogen) at e-/e+ colliders. The circuit is composed of 8 identical analog channels and of a digital section. The single channel is composed of a low-noise charge preamplifier and by semigaussian shaping amplifier with four selectable peaking times. The preamplifier operates with the input JFET directly integrated on the detector itself. A low-frequency current-mode feedback loop allows to stabilize the operating point of the input JFET with respect to background and leakage current variations. The preamplifier is designed with the possibility to adjust externally its decay time in order to match the fixed time constant of the pole/zero network. A peak stretcher stores the analog value and prevents data to be lost even if another event involves the same channel before the acquisition has read the value. The 8 channel events are multiplexed to an analog bus according to a sparse readout logic. A dedicated digital section performs the peak stretcher management and bus control. A prototype has been realized in the 0.35 mum AMS technology. The chip performances have been evaluated. The energy resolution measured using the chip with a SDD of 10 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is of 139 eV at 6 keV with a peaking time of 3 mus.
Solid-State FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Two Binary Mixtures: Cefepime-Metronidazole and Cefoperazone-Sulbactam (2017)

The structural information of the pharmaceuticals and insights on the modes of molecular interactions are very important aspects in drug development. In this work, two cephalosporins and antimicrobial combinations, cefepime-metronidazole and cefoperazone-sulbactam, were studied in the solid state using FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. Quantitation of the studied drugs and their binary mixtures was performed by integrating the peak areas of the characteristic well-resolved bands: υ (C=O) band at 1773 cm −1 for cefepime and ring torsion band at 826 cm −1 for metronidazole and υ (C=O) band at 1715 cm −1 for cefoperazone and ring torsion band at 1124 cm −1 for sulbactam. The results of this work were compared with the relevant spectrophotometric reported methods. This study provides data that can be used for the preparative process monitoring of the studied drugs in various dosage forms.
The final step in methane formation (1988)

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (= component C) from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum (strain Marburg) was highly purified via anaerobic fast protein liquid chromatography on columns of Mono Q and Superose 6. The enzyme was found to catalyze the reduction of methylcoenzyme M (CH3-S-CoM) with N-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (H-S-HTP = component B) to CH4. The mixed disulfide of H-S-CoM and H-S-HTP (CoM-S-S-HTP) was the other major product formed. The specific activity was up to 75 nmol min-1 mg protein-1. In the presence of dithiothreitol and of reduced corrinoids or titanium(III) citrate the specific rate of CH3-S-CoM reduction to CH4 with H-S-HTP increased to 0.5-2 mumol min-1 mg protein-1. Under these conditions the CoM-S-S-HTP formed from CH3-S-CoM and H-S-HTP was completely reduced to H-S-CoM and H-S-HTP. Methyl-CoM reductase was specific for H-S-HTP as electron donor. Neither N-6-mercaptohexanoylthreonine phosphate (H-S-HxoTP) nor N-8-mercaptooctanoylthreonine phosphate (H-S-OcoTP) nor any other thiol compound could substitute for H-S-HTP. On the contrary, H-S-HxoTP (apparent Ki = 0.1 microM) and H-S-OcoTP (apparent Ki = 15 microM) were found to be effective inhibitors of methyl-CoM reductase, inhibition being non-competitive with CH3-S-CoM and competitive with H-S-HTP.
The Use of Hyperspectral Visible and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for the Characterization of Salt-Affected Soils in the Harran Plain, Turkey (2011)

The quality of lands may be degraded by the accumulation of salts in soils, which is typically measured as soil Electrical Conductivity (ECe). High-salinity soils developed in low elevation spots in the Harran Plain after the initiation of intensive irrigation and crop production on clayey soils under high evaporation. This study evaluated the feasibility of using hyperspectral Visible and Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (VNIRRS) as a potentially more cost-effective approach for the characterization of soil salinity. 150 locations were taken at 0–15 and 15–30 cm depths from an area of 1000 ha with salinity levels ranging from none to very high. Sieved soils were measured for ECe using saturation paste and also scanned by VNIRRS in both air dried and oven dry states. For spectral preprocessing, raw reflectance spectra were averaged over 10 nm and a continuum removal (CR) method was applied. Calibration models between spectra and ECe were based on Multiple Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR), and Classification and Regression Trees (CART, for groupings). The VNIRRS data were also combined with topographical parameters from digital elevation models to improve estimations. Results showed that the estimation quality of ECe varied depending on approaches used, with the best results using continuum removed spectra of oven dried samples using MARS after separating samples containing high amounts of gypsum (R2 = 0.86, RPD = 2.70). Topographical variables with VNIRRS data improved estimations up to 12%. CART analysis showed that soils could be categorized as saline and non-saline based on soil reflectance with 65% accuracy.
Automatic Formal Verification of Control Logic in Hardware Designs (2009)

Our work addresses the challenge of scaling pre-silicon functional verification of hardware designs such as microprocessors and microcontrollers. These designs employ wide datapaths and complex control logic, resulting in an enormous state space with vast room for design errors. In particular, control optimizations are extremely error-prone and harder to verify locally. To remedy that, a design implementation can be verified against its full specification model which has a much simpler control logic. Then, a formal proof of equivalence exhaustively checks the state space for potential control bugs. Formal equivalence is hindered by the exponential state explosion. To overcome that, previous approaches abstract datapath components away in order to eliminate their complexity, and to gear the verification towards the control logic. Due to the loose separation between datapath and control, naive abstraction results in compromising the accuracy of the verification, and in generating spurious behavior that does not exist in the original design, or masking real behavior from being represented in the abstract model. Our work presents a systematic and fully automatic method to overcome these issues. A sound abstraction to fragments of first-order logic is coupled with refinement mechanisms that adjust the abstract model and prevent false alarms arising due to spurious behavior. Our approach includes novel techniques for analyzing abstract counterexamples, generalizing them to represent families of counterexamples, checking their feasibility on the original design, and analyzing the infeasibility in order to learn facts that augment the abstraction in an iterative process. The full automation of the process gives our approach a clear advantage over systems that require laborious manual reasoning, and allows it to be used directly by designers. Additionally, our approach leverages the advantages of efficient reasoning engines for Boolean and first-order logic, including satisfiability (modulo theories) solvers. An implementation of the approach allows us to verify designs whose RTL Verilog descriptions have hundreds to thousands of source lines, in a scalable and efficient manner. The results show promising capability in exposing implementation and specification errors, or, alternatively, proving correctness of both. We believe that this brings formal verification one step closer to hardware designers.
Defective Influenza Viral Ribonucleoproteins Cause Interference (1979)

Ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) isolated from infectious and defective interfering (DI) influenza virus (WSN) contained three major RNP peaks when analyzed in a glycerol gradient. Peak I RNP was predominant in infectious virus but was greatly reduced in DI virus preparations. Conversely, peak III RNP was elevated in DI virus, suggesting a large increase in DI RNA in this fraction. Labeled [(32)P]RNA was isolated from each RNP region and analyzed by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels. Peak I RNP contained primarily the polymerase and some HA genes, peak II contained some HA gene but mostly the NP and NA genes, and peak III contained the M and NS genes. In addition, peak III RNP from DI virus also contained the characteristic DI RNA segments. Interference activity of RNP fractions isolated from infectious and DI virus was tested using infectious center reduction assay. RNP peaks (I, II, and III) from infectious virus did not show any interference activity, whereas the peak III DI RNP caused a reduction in the number of infectious centers as compared to controls. Similar interference was not demonstrable with peak I RNP of DI virus nor with any RNP fractions from infectious virus alone. The interference activity of RNP fractions was RNase sensitive, suggesting that the DI RNA contained in DI RNPs was the interfering agent, and dilution experiments supported the conclusion that a single DI RNP could cause interference. The interfering RNPs were heterogeneous, and the majority migrated slower than viral RNPs containing M and NS genes. These results suggest that DI RNP (or DI RNA) is also responsible for interference in segmented, negative-stranded viruses.
An Explicit Congestion Control Protocol Based on Bandwidth Estimation (2011)

Explicit feedback based congestion control schemes can capture network congestion status more accurately than pure end-to-end schemes. However, some of such schemes require modifying IP header in order to achieve near optimal performance, which incurs complicated computation in routers as well as makes them difficult to deploy in real networks. In contrast, the VCP protocol achieves good performance by using the two existing ECN bits in the IP header for feedback, but its convergence speed is relatively low due to insufficient congestion feedback. In this paper, we propose VCP-BE, a protocol based on VCP and uses end-to-end bandwidth estimation to obtain high resolution congestion estimation. With the estimated available bandwidth and ECN feedback, VCP-BE adjusts the congestion window more precisely than VCP thus converges much faster. Simulation results show that VCP-BE outperforms VCP and MLCP, achieving high efficiency and reasonable fairness.
Industrial Heritage and the National Estate (1994)

'Heritage' and 'industrial heritage' are complex, wideranging concepts which are not easily defined. The Australian Heritage Commission was set up in 1976 in response to concern about the environment and what was happening to Australia's 'heritage' or 'National Estate'. 'Industrial heritage' is an integral part of the 'National Estate'. It is included in the Register of the National Estate under subject categories and themes, rather than as a general heading of 'industrial heritage'. A strategy for 'industrial heritage' is probably not yet possible, however, theme-based strategies directed towards public education, identification and conservation of the various parts of industrial heritage are possible and already exist. These should be built upon.
Staurosporine induces a neuronal phenotype in SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells that resembles that induced by the phorbol ester 12‐<i>O</i>‐tetradecanoyl phorbol‐13 acetate TPA) (1992)

Treatment of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, induced both morphological and functional differentiation in these cells. The effects of staurosporine were comparable to those induced by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA), with respect to induction of neuronal differentiation, i.e. neurite outgrowth, inhibition of DNA synthesis, induction and down-regulation of c-myc protein expression, induction of mRNA for both neuropeptide Y (NPY) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP-43) and stimulation of tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Staurosporine failed to translocate PKC to the membrane fraction or to stimulate phosphorylation of the endogenous PKC substrate M(r) 80,000 (p80). Instead, staurosporine inhibited TPA-induced phosphorylation of p80.
Polymerization of a single protein of the pathogen <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> into needles punctures eukaryotic cells (2001)

A number of pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria are able to secrete specific proteins across three membranes: the inner and outer bacterial membrane and the eukaryotic plasma membrane. In the pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica, the primary structure of the secreted proteins as well as of the components of the secretion machinery, both plasmid-encoded, is known. However, the mechanism of protein translocation is largely unknown. Here we show that Y. enterocolitica polymerizes a 6-kDa protein of the secretion machinery into needles that are able to puncture the eukaryotic plasma membrane. These needles form a conduit for the transport of specific proteins from the bacterial to the eukaryotic cytoplasm, where they exert their cytotoxic activity. In negatively stained electron micrographs, the isolated needles were 60-80 nm long and 6-7 nm wide and contained a hollow center of about 2 nm. Our data indicate that it is the polymerization of the 6-kDa protein into these needles that provides the force to perforate the eukaryotic plasma membrane.
Antigen‐Induced Bronchial Anaphylaxis in Actively Sensitized Guinea‐Pigs Pattern of Response in Relation to Immunization Regimen (1980)

This work studies the temporal development of the acute anaphylactic bronchoconstriction in guinea-pigs sensitized to ovalbumin by different regimens, including IgE-antibody promoting ones. The results show that guinea-pigs sensitized with low amounts (1-10 micrograms) of ovalbumin together with alum produce the most pronounced bronchospasm when challenged with an intravenous injection of a low dose of antigen. Examination of the antibody classes by PCA technique shows that guinea-pigs sensitized with small amounts of antigen together with alum produced IgE and IgG1 antibodies. However, in sera from animals immunized with large amounts of antigen, only IgG1 antibodies could be detected.
Evaluation of Drugs for Treatment of Urinary Bladder Dysfunction in Conscious Rats with Intact Pelvic Nerve and after Resection of the Left Pelvic Nerve (1990)

We studied the effects of drugs used for treatment of bladder dysfunction in conscious rats with intact pelvic nerves and also in rats at one or two weeks after nerve decentralization on the left side. Bladder contraction accompanying micturition was continuously induced by infusion of solution at a constant rate. When the effects of oxybutynin (3 mg/kg, i.p.) and terodiline (3 and 10 mg/kg, i.p.) on the cystometrogram were studied for about 2 hr, these drugs shortened and then prolonged the micturition interval (Ml), but atropine (1 and 5 mg/kg, i.p.), butylscopolamine (20 mg/kg, i.p.) and nifedipine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited only a shortening effect on the Ml. After injection of oxybutynin (10 mg/kg, i.p.), solution dribbled from the urethra for about 30 min. Terodiline (3 mg/kg) caused ischuria in the rats one week after resection of the left pelvic nerve, but not in the rats two weeks after surgery. Physostigmine (0.3 mg/kg, i.p.) improved micturition in the rats one week after surgery, but the effect was not evident in the rats with intact pelvic nerves. It was found that the drugs used for treating failure to store or expel urine exhibited a beneficial effect on micturition in rats with intact pelvic nerves and also in rats one week after nerve decentralization, respectively.
Simultaneous electron and x-ray analysis and its application in corrosion science (1983)

The new generation of scanning Auger electron microscopes permit the acquisition, simultaneously, of both the Auger electron and the x-ray signals excited from a given picture element. Such an instrument is effectively an electron probe microanalyzer working in two depth planes. Addition of an x-ray source provides an XPS facility which is in turn complemented by the simultaneously acquired XRF spectrum. The use of such a dual signal instrument can be well-illustrated by its application in electrochemistry and corrosion science. In pitting corrosion the high spatial resolution and low beam currents permit identification of anodic and cathodic areas by measurement of the anion/cation ratios, whereas the EDXA analysis locates the pitting with depleted zones in the substrate alloy: In marine corrosion, XRF permits the total assay of all mineral layers while XPS enables determination of the layer by layer composition. These and other similar studies are described with the aim of illustrating the way in which a surface analysis is enhanced by knowledge at all times of the underlying composition.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to Various 2,5‐Disubstituted‐Furan Derivatives. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Degli Individui D’Eccezione All'Uguaglianza Democratica: L'Evoluzione della Filosofia Politica in Nietzsche e Rawls (2018)

Il presente articolo ha lo scopo di costruire un dialogo filosofico politico riguardo la fattibilita della filosofia nietzscheana nella realta delle democrazie liberali oggi, partendo dalla lettura di John Rawls nella sua opera A Theory of the Justice. In questo contesto, uno studio sara strutturato per comprendere il filosofo tedesco, aupicando la compreesione della politica, le sue critiche alla democrazia e sua proposta degli individui di eccezione. Quindi, questo articolo intende valutare se il perfezionismo di Nietzsche puo essere compatibile con l'uguaglianza di Rawls come base dei sistemi di diritto democratici. PAROLE CHIAVE: Nietzsche, Perfezionismo, Rawls, Uguaglianza, Democrazia.