gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Identification of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor-dependent Membrane Proteins Elevated in Breast Carcinoma (2012)

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor is a lipid and glycan modification added to the C terminus of certain proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum by the activity of a multiple subunit enzyme complex known as the GPI transamidase (GPIT). Several subunits of GPIT have increased expression levels in breast carcinoma. In an effort to identify GPI-anchored proteins and understand the possible role of these proteins in breast cancer progression, we employed a combination of strategies. First, alpha toxin from Clostridium septicum was used to capture GPI-anchored proteins from human breast cancer tissues, cells, and serum for proteomic analysis. We also expressed short interfering RNAs targeting the expression of the GPAA1 and PIGT subunits of GPIT in breast cancer cell lines to identify proteins in which membrane localization is dependent on GPI anchor addition. Comparative membrane proteomics using nano-ESI-RPLC-MS/MS led to the discovery of several new potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that increased levels of GPI anchor addition in malignant breast epithelial cells promotes the dedifferentiation of malignant breast epithelial cells in part by increasing the levels of cell surface markers associated with mesenchymal stem cells.
Magnetograph group summary (1989)

The Magnetograph Group focussed on the techniques and many practical problems of interleaving ground-based measurements of magnetic fields from diverse sites and instruments to address the original scientific objectives. The predominant view of the discussion group was that present instrumentation and analysis resources do not warrant immediate, specific plans for further worldwide campaigns of cooperative magnetograph observing. The several reasons for this view, together with many caveats, qualifications, and suggestions for future work are presented.
Optimal Control of Restraint Forces in an Automobile Impact (2006)

This study concerns a concept for an optimal control of the force developed in an automotive restraint system during a frontal impact. The concept is close to that of “smart” restraint systems and involves continuous control of the restraint force by moving the point of attachment of the restraint system to the vehicle or retracting and releasing the seat belts. The analytical foundation for the control of the restraining force does not appear to have been formulated prior to this study. The control design involves the limiting performance analysis of the isolation of an occupant from the crash impact and the formation of a feedback to sustain the open-loop control law that provides the limiting performance. Initially, the problem is outlined using a single-degree-of-freedom system and solved for optimal isolator characteristics. This exercise shows that the optimal force is constant and that the performance of a restraint system behaving as a linear spring is half as effective as the optimal. The methodology is then applied to a published thoracic model having multiple degrees of freedom. A set of functionals is defined as constraints corresponding to injury criteria and the displacement of the occupant relative to the vehicle. The characteristics of the optimal isolator force are then determined. It is shown that this force has a short-duration period of high magnitude early in the profile, followed by an interval of nearly constant force. Next it is shown that a restraint behaving as a linear spring can generate the optimal control force if its attachment point in the vehicle is allowed to move. The design of the control law for this motion involves the determination of an optimal open-loop control and the formation of a feedback to sustain this control. Forms for both of these are presented. A substantial improvement in the behavior of an automobile occupant’s restraint systems can be anticipated from an active control of the seat belt retraction.
Mastered proteolysis of gelatin gel can control delivery kinetics of entrapped large molecules (2012)

Biogels are useful reservoirs for molecular delivery as they can entrap a large variety of compounds in their liquid phase. The delivery kinetics of these molecules is dictated by diffusion laws and thus depends on their molecular size. An original strategy to accelerate the release of large molecules from a gelatin gel is here described. The gel solid network is progressively degraded by enzymes which allows for the delivery of large to very large molecules in a well-controlled way. Diffusion by burst is thus made possible even for very large molecules. Finally, a mathematical model is elaborated to predict the diffusion of molecules entrapped inside a gel undergoing a gel–sol transition.
Design Techniques for Thermal Management in Switch Mode Converters (2006)

Thermal management plays a pivotal role in achieving high power densities in converters. Improvement on thermal performance of critical components in printed-circuit board (PCB) assembled switch mode converters is achieved by using design techniques that extend across electromagnetic, geometrical, and thermal-integration technologies. For better use of the already available PCB material, three-dimensional component layout and flexible PCB technology are utilized to gain advantages. A theory to evaluate the thermal-management effectiveness of switch mode converters is introduced based on two new figures of merit, namely thermal-management loss density and thermal-design rating. These two figures of merit quantify the effective use of thermal-management material as well as the thermal performance of a converter design. The figure-of-merit criteria allow flexibility so that it can be adjusted to an appropriate design objective. Design objectives include achieving higher power densities or achieving good reliability. The thermal-management-effectiveness theory is applied here to thermally optimize a Flyback converter that has been geometrically integrated. The design technique to adjust the thermal-management effectiveness of integrated switch mode converters to achieve a set objective, by means of the introduced figures of merit, forms the core of the publication, validated by experimental measurements
Simultaneous multiple-wavelength operation of a tunable dye laser (1973)

A new technique for simultaneous operation of a dye laser at a number of independently tunable wavelengths is described. The system utilizes holographic wavelength selectors in succession, each aligned to choose one particular wavelength, and the output beam contains these wavelengths collinearly. Strong competition effects due to the homogeneous broadening of the amplifying medium reduce the multiple-wavelength tuning range. By proper adjustment of the components in the device, this range can be increased to cover most of the single-wavelength tuning region. The operational characteristics and the experimental results obtained at two-wavelength operation are presented and discussed.
Lanthanoid Phthalocyanine Complexes (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A 1D arterial blood flow model incorporating ventricular pressure, aortic valve and regional coronary flow using the locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) method (2008)

Abstract There is an important interaction between the pumping performance of the ventricle, arterial haemodynamics and coronary blood flow. While previous non‐linear 1D models have focused only on one of these components, the model presented in this study includes coronary and systemic arterial circulations, as well as ventricular pressure and an aortic valve that opens and closes ‘independently’ and based on local haemodynamics. The systemic circulation is modelled as a branching network of elastic tapering vessels. The terminal element applied at the extremities of the network is a single tapering vessel which is shown to adequately represent the input characteristics of the downstream vasculature. The coronary model consists of left and right coronary arteries which both branch into two ‘equivalent’ vessels that account for the lumped characteristics of subendocardial and subepicardial flows. As contracting heart muscle causes significant compression of the subendocardial vessels, a time‐varying external pressure proportional to ventricular pressure is applied to the distal part of the equivalent subendocardial vessel. The aortic valve is modelled using a variable reflection coefficient with respect to backward‐running aortic waves, and a variable transmission coefficient with respect to forward‐running ventricular waves. A realistic ventricular pressure is the input to the system; however, an afterload‐corrected ventricular pressure is calculated and results in pressure gradients between the ventricle and aorta that are similar to those observed in vivo . The 1D equations of fluid flow are solved using the locally conservative Galerkin method, which provides explicit element‐wise conservation, and can naturally incorporate vessel branching. Each component of the model is verified using a number of tests to ensure accuracy and reveal the underlying processes that give rise to complex pressure and flow waveforms. The complete model is then implemented, and simulations are performed with input parameters representing ‘at rest’ and exercise states for a normal adult. The resulting waveforms contain all of the important features seen in vivo , and standard measures of haemodynamic state are found to be normal. In addition, one or several characteristics of some common diseases are imposed on the model and are found to produce haemodynamic changes that agree with experimental observations in the published literature. Using a patient‐specific carotid bifurcation geometry, 1D velocity waveforms are also compared with waveforms obtained from a three‐dimensional model. The 1D and 3D results show good agreement. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of the PeakForce<sup>TM</sup>quantitative nanomechanical mapping AFM-based method for high-resolution Young's modulus measurement of polymers (2011)

PeakForceTM quantitative nanomechanical mapping (QNMTM) is a new atomic force microscopy technique for measuring Young's modulus of materials with high spatial resolution and surface sensitivity by probing at the nanoscale. In this work, modulus results from PeakForce™ QNM™ using three different probes are presented for a number of different polymers with a range of Young's moduli that were measured independently by instrumented (nano) indentation testing (IIT). The results from the diamond and silicon AFM probes were consistent and in reasonable agreement with IIT values for the majority of samples. It is concluded that the technique is complementary to IIT; calibration requirements and potential improvements to the technique are discussed.
Identity-Based Encryption with Master Key-Dependent Message Security and Applications. (2012)

We introduce the concept of identity-based encryption (IBE) with master key-dependent chosenplaintext (mKDM-sID-CPA) security. These are IBE schemes that remain secure even after the adversary sees encryptions, under some initially selected identities, of functions of the master secret key(s). We then propose a generic construction of chosen-ciphertext secure key-dependent encryption (KDM-CCA) schemes in the public key setting starting from mKDM-sID-CPA secure IBE schemes. This is reminiscent to the celebrated work by Canetti, Halevi and Katz (Eurocrypt 2004) on the traditional key-oblivious setting. Previously only one generic construction of KDM-CCA secure public key schemes was known, due to Camenisch, Chandran and Shoup (Eurocrypt 2009), and it required non-interactive zero knowledge proofs (NIZKs). Our transformation shows that NIZKs are not intrinsic to KDM-CCA public key encryption. Additionally, we are able to instantiate our new concept under the Rank assumption on pairing groups and for affine functions of the secret keys. The scheme builds on previous work by Boneh, Halevi, Hamburg and Ostrovsky (Crypto 2008). Our concrete schemes are only able to provide security against a bounded number of encryption queries, which is enough in some practical scenarios. As a corollary we obtain a KDM-CCA secure public key encryption scheme, in the standard model, whose security reduction to a static assumption is independent of the number of challenge queries. As an independent contribution, we give new and better reductions between the Rank problem (previously named as Matrix DDH problem) and the Decisional Linear and the Decisional 3-Party Diffie-Hellman problems.
Clinical Utility of Electrophysiological Evaluation in Crigler-Najjar Syndrome (2007)

We evaluated the neurological and neurophysiological features in ten patients with genetically characterized Crigler-Najjar (CN) syndrome: four with typical type I CN had undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT); six had type II CN, and three of them developed severe hyperbilirubinemia with a limited response to phenobarbital leading to an intermediate phenotype I/II. Clinical neurological and multimodal electrophysiological evaluations [electroencephalogram (EEG), visual (VEPs), motor (MEPs) and brainstem auditory (BAEPs) evoked potentials] were performed. Neurological examinations showed mild hand tremor in four patients (one pre-OLT and one post-OLT type I, two type I/II). EEG revealed high voltage paroxysmal discharges in four patients (three type I/II, and one type I with a marked improvement after OLT). VEPs showed P100 wave increased latency in five patients (three type I, and two type I/II considered for OLT evaluation). MEPs showed prolonged central motor conduction time in five patients (two type I; one type I/II; two type II). Only EEG and VEPs findings showed a correlation with high bilirubin levels. BAEPs were normal. In conclusion, VEPs and EEG contribute to identify and monitor bilirubin neurotoxic effects, and may play a decisional role in some cases of severe hyperbilirubinemia without overt neurologic damage.
Systemic glucocorticoids in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Glucocorticoids have been therapeutic agents in rheumatology since 1948, when Philip S Hench first used compound E (later renamed cortisone) to successfully treat a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [1, 2]. Over the intervening years, opinions about glucocorticoids have varied from excitement to complete rejection. Most of the worries concerning their use have been about adverse effects. Despite this historical variability in rheumatological opinion, many patients in practice are prescribed glucocorticoids. Here we review new evidence on the mechanisms of action of glucocorticoids, outcomes of glucocorticoid treatment and adverse effects, and propose an evidence based approach to their effective use in the management of rheumatoid arthritis.
X-Band RF Gun/Linac for Inverse Compton Scattering Hard X-Ray Source (2002)

Compact Hard X-ray Source based on laser-electron collision for dynamic Intravenous Coronary Arteriography (IVCAG) is proposed and designed X-band linac is introduced to realize remarkably compact system. We have performed the design of the X-ray system, and X-band linac is under manufacturing. CAIN code and luminosity calculation are done to estimate the X-ray yield. X-band thermionic-cathode RF-gun and RDS(Round Detuned Structure) type X-band accelerating structure are used and a 50 MeV, 20 pC/bunch electron beam with pulse length of 1 µs is generated. X-ray yield by the Qswitch Nd:YAG laser with the pulse intensity of 2 J/10 ns is 10 7 photons/RF-pulse. We will adoput a technique of laser circulation to increase the X-ray yield up to 10 8 photons/pulse.
Acute toxicity of metal ions in cultures of osteogenic cells derived from bone marrow stromal cells (1995)

The effects of metal ions released from orthopedic implants on nearby bone cells remain largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the acute toxicity of metal ions on osteogenic cells derived from bone marrow. Bone marrow stromal cells were cultured with metal ions found in commonly used orthopedic implants, that is, Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo, and 316L stainless steel. Solutions of individual ions and combinations representing the alloy composition were prepared from atomic absorption standards and added to the cultures to give concentrations ranging from 50 ppb to 50 ppm. After a 48-h period of exposure to ions, the bone marrow cultures were examined for effects of cytotoxicity by measuring total cell number, total cell protein, and mitochondrial activity. Cr6+ was grossly cytotoxic; Co2+, Mo6+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ were moderately cytotoxic; and Ti4+, Al3+, V5+, and Mn2+ were minimally toxic, as determined by the assays used. Ion solutions representing Co-Cr-Mo and 316L stainless steel were moderately toxic; solutions representing Ti-6Al-4V were toxic at only the highest concentrations used. The observed cytotoxicity was time-dependent, with irreversible toxic effects being initiated following as short as a 3- to 6-hour exposure. These results show that metal ions associated with Co-Cr-Mo and 316L stainless steel are toxic to osteogenic cells at concentrations approximating those measured in the fibrous membrane encapsulating orthopedic implants.
Complex Eye Movement Pattern Biometrics: The Effects of Environment and Stimulus (2013)

This paper presents an objective evaluation of the effects of eye tracking specification and stimulus presentation on the biometric viability of complex eye movement patterns. Six spatial accuracy tiers (0.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 1.0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 1.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 2.0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 2.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , 3.0 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> ), six temporal resolution tiers (1000, 500, 250, 120, 75, 30 Hz), and five stimulus types (simple, complex, cognitive, textual, random) are evaluated to identify acceptable conditions under which to collect eye movement data. The results suggest the use of eye tracking equipment capable of at least 0.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> spatial accuracy and 250 Hz temporal resolution for biometric purposes, whereas stimulus had little effect on the biometric viability of eye movements.
Multi-scale Local Binary Pattern histogram for face recognition (2008)

Recently, the research in face recognition has focused on developing a face representation that is capable of capturing the relevant information in a manner which is invariant to facial expression and illumination. Motivated by a simple but powerful texture descriptor, called Local Binary Pattern (LBP), our proposed system extends this descriptor to evoke multiresolution and multispectral analysis for face recognition. The first descriptor, namely Multi-scale Local Binary Pattern Histogram (MLBPH), provides a robust system which is relatively insensitive to localisation errors because it benefits from the multiresolution information captured from the regional histogram. The second proposed descriptor, namely Multispectral Local Binary Pattern Histogram (MSLBP), captures the mutual relationships between neighbours at pixel level from each spectral channel. By measuring the spatial correlation between spectra, we expect to achieve higher recognition rate. The resulting LBP methods provide input to LDA and various classifier fusion methods for face recognition. These systems are implemented and compared with existing Local Binary Pattern face recognition systems and other state of art systems on Feret, XM2VTS and FRGC 2.0 databases, giving very promising results in the controlled environment. Photometric normalisation is important for face recognition, even if illumination-robust features, such as Gabor or LBP, are used for face representation. In order to study the merits of photometric normalisation, five different photometric normalisation methods have been investigated. A superior performance is achieved by MLBPH with the Preprocessing Sequence method in all the tests. The results of a comparison with the state-of-art systems show that the proposed Multi-scale Local Binary Pattern histogram method with the Preprocessing Sequence photometric normalisation achieves similar performance to the best performing systems, its key advantage is that it offers a simple solution which is robust to localisation errors and changing illumination.
Effects of L-arginine on impaired acetylcholine-induced and ischemic vasodilation of the forearm in patients with heart failure. (1994)

Our results suggest that defective endothelial function may contribute to impaired ischemic vasodilator capacity in HF.
Using well logging data to predict permeability of a complex formation (2017)

One of the most challenging aspects of well log analysis is the accurate estimation of permeability in complex carbonate reservoirs. Permeability is predicted from many models by using well log data. Many correlations are developed over the years to calculate permeability based on known petrophysical properties or empirically derived relationships. The complex formation under study is Mishrif carbonate formation that is one of the shallowest hydrocarbons bearing zone in the Nasiriya oil field in the south of Iraq. The available scanned copies of well logs are digitalised by using Neurolog software. Schlumberger charts 2005 had been used for environmental corrections. These correction charts are supplied in the Interactive Petrophysics software. The Schlumberger K3 and Timur models have been used to estimate permeability of Mishrif carbonate formation. After making the environmental corrections, the porosity interpretation shows that the logging tools have a good quality of data reading. From Schlumberger and Timur models, the permeability of Mishrif formation is ranged from 6.25 to 25.21 and 5.95 to 26.81 respectively. This study was provided permeability with depth that is very important in the evaluation of the studied formation.
Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Proteins with an Array-Based Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Enhanced Chemiluminescence (ECL) (2001)

Protein arrays hold a promise in basic and clinical applications. As the first step to develop such array system, I used an array-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) to demonstrate the feasibility of simultaneous detection of multiple proteins. In the direct ELISA system, different known immunoglobulin Gs (IgGs) were immobilized onto polyvinylidine difloride (PDVF) membrane through 96-well format Bio-Dot unit. The antigens were then individually and collectively detected by incubation of membranes with different antibodies coupled with ECL. In the sandwich ELISA system, the cytokine capture antibodies were immobilized onto PDVF membranes. The membranes were then incubated with single cytokine or a combination of different cytokines. The captured cytokines were detected by biotin-conjugated antibodies coupled with ECL system. Experiments demonstrated that multiple IgGs and cytokines could be simultaneously detected using this approach with high specificity and sensitivity. More importantly, cytokines from biological samples were detected using this approach, which can be used in any general laboratory setting without any sophisticated equipment. This concept could be extended to develop a protein-based array system.
Morphometric Analysis of Aqueous Humor Outflow Structures with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2012)

SD-OCT is capable of detailed morphometric analysis of the conventional outflow pathway in vivo or ex vivo with details comparable to corrosion casting techniques.