gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TEMU: Binary Code Analysis via Whole-System Layered Annotative Execution (2010)

Dynamic binary analysis has demonstrated its strength in solving a wide-spectrum of computer security problems, such as malware analysis, protocol reverse engineering, vulnerability detection, diagnosis, and defense, software testing, etc. An extensible platform for dynamic binary analysis provides a foundation for solving these problems. To enable a variety of applications, we explore a unique design space. We aim to provide a whole-system view, take an external approach, facilitate fine-grained instrumentation, and have sufficient efficiency. These design goals bring about a new architecture, namely whole-system out-of-the-box fine-grained dynamic binary analysis. To further facilitate fine-grained dynamic binary analysis, we propose layered annotative execution as a core technique, which incorporates shadow flag analysis, taint analysis, and symbolic execution. We have implemented this new architecture and the core technique in an analysis platform called TEMU. Because of its extensibility and versatility, TEMU has enabled and fostered a handful of research projects.
Evaluation of ultramicroelectrodes for the detection of metal ions separated by capillary electrophoresis (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvaluation of ultramicroelectrodes for the detection of metal ions separated by capillary electrophoresisWenzhe. Lu and Richard M. CassidyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1993, 65, 13, 1649–1653Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00061a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00061a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biochemical Studies on Thiosugars. III. Synthesis of 6-Deoxy-6-mercapto-D-glucose (1962)

66-Deoxy-6-thio-D-glucose was prepared by hydrolysis of 6-deoxy-6-mercapto-6-Sacety1-1, 2, 3, 4-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranose and 6-deoxy-6-mercapto-6-S-acety1-1, 2-O-isopropylidene-3, 5-benzylidene-α-D-glucofuranose which were synthesized from corresponding 6-p-toluenesulfonyl derivatives and potassium thiolacetone in boiling acetone.
Relation of in vivo blood flow to ultrasound echogenicity (1983)

The mechanism of echogenicity of flowing blood during real-time ultrasonography was investigated experimentally in vivo by scanning venous and arterial blood and venous blood subjected to varying degrees of obstruction. Luminal echoes were more intense in flowing blood of the vena cava than in aortic blood of dogs. Vena cava and portal echoes increased in intensity as flow was decreased progressively by obstruction. We believe that an important cause of echogenicity of flowing blood is red cell aggregation which is greatest at low shear rates (low flow velocity). Echogenicity decreases with increase in shear rate (higher flow velocity) which causes red cell disaggregation.
Dependence of 3-D optical transfer functions on the pinhole radius in a fluorescent confocal optical microscope (1990)

The resolution of a fluorescent confocal scanning optical microscope (CSOM) is superior to that of a conventional fluorescent optical microscope. To attain this superiority, the fluorescent CSOM uses a pinhole in front of the detector. Thus, the resolution of the CSOM is dependent on the pinhole radius. Three-dimensional optical transfer functions are calculated for the various radii to elucidate this dependence. The results show that a CSOM with a radius smaller than ~1 optical unit has a bandwidth comparable with that of an infinitely small radius.
Processing, localization and binding activity of zonadhesin suggest a function in sperm adhesion to the zona pellucida during exocytosis of the acrosome (2003)

Zonadhesin is a sperm protein that binds in a species-specific manner to the extracellular matrix ZP (zona pellucida) of the mammalian oocyte. The pig zonadhesin precursor is a 267000-Da mosaic protein with a Type I membrane topology and a large extracellular region comprising meprin/A5 antigen/mu receptor tyrosine phosphatase, mucin and five tandem von Willebrand D (VWD) domains. Multiple mature forms of zonadhesin in the sperm head differ in their avidities for the ZP. To determine the potential functions of zonadhesin forms in gamete adhesion, we characterized the processing, activation and localization of protein in pig spermatozoa. The predominant polypeptides of processed zonadhesin were M(r) 300000 (p300), 105000 (p105) and 45000 (p45). p45 and p105, comprised primarily the D1, D2-D3 domains respectively, and were N-glycosylated. p300 was heavily O-glycosylated, and spanned the meprin/A5 antigen/mu receptor tyrosine phosphatase, mucin and D0 domains. Hydrolysis of the precursor polypeptide occurred in the testis, and N-terminal sequencing of p45 and p105 identified Asp806-Pro and Asp1191-Pro in the D1 and D2 domains respectively as bonds cleaved in the protein's functional maturation. Testicular zonadhesin was extractable with non-ionic detergents, and localized to the developing outer acrosomal membrane of round and elongating spermatids. As spermatozoa transited the epididymis, most of the protein became incorporated into an extraction-resistant fraction, and the proportions of active and of multimeric zonadhesins in the cells increased. Zonadhesin localized to the perimeter of the acrosome in intact ejaculated spermatozoa and to the leading edge of acrosomal matrix overlying cells with disrupted acrosomal membranes. We conclude that the zonadhesin precursor is specifically proteolysed, glycosylated and assembled into particulate structures in the distal parts of the acrosome where it may mediate specific adhesion to the ZP during the initial stages of acrosomal exocytosis.
Directed Mutagenesis Confirms the Functional Importance of Positively Selected Sites in Polygalacturonase Inhibitor Protein (2005)

Polygalacturonase inhibitor proteins (PGIPs) protect plants against invasion by diverse microbial and invertebrate enemies that use polygalacturonase (PG) to breach the plant cell wall. Directed mutagenesis has identified specific natural mutations conferring novel defensive capability in green bean PGIP against a specific fungal PG. These same sites are identified as positively selected by phylogenetic codon-substitution models, demonstrating the utility of such models for connecting retrospective comparative analyses with contemporary, ecologically relevant variation.
Structured English for Model Checking Specification. (2000)

Model checking has received wide acceptance as a valuable technique in the eld of electronic design automation and is currently of growing interest in general systems design. Though its concepts and applications are well understood it often turns out that engineers have severe problems with the specification process and the underlying notation, i.e., formulation and understanding of specifications through means of temporal logic formulae. In this article, we present an approach for a natural language-oriented representation of temporal logic formulae by introducing patterns of structured English sentences for Clocked CTL (CCTL) specification. After outlining the basic patterns of the sentences we give their semantics by a translation to CCTL. A final example demonstrates their application.
VICP: Velocity updating iterative closest point algorithm (2010)

We propose a novel method to enhance a family of ICP(iterative closest point) algorithms by updating velocity. Even though ICP algorithms play a dominant role in a model based tracking, it is difficult to avoid an accumulated tracking error during a continuous motion. It is because that typical ICP algorithms assumes that each of the point in one scan are measured simultaneously while most of the available rangefinders measure each point sequentially. Hence conventional ICP algorithms are prone to be erroneous under a fast motion and an accumulated error during the motion cannot be ignored in many cases. In our approach, we estimate a velocity of a rangefinder numerically over ICP iterations. As a result, distortion of a scan due to the motion can be compensated using estimated velocity. In addition, outliers are effectively rejected during the iteration of velocity update, which means that more accurate and robust motion is trackable. Also we verify a performance and an accuracy of our method by demonstrating simulation and real-world experiment results.
Organic Charge Transfer Salts; Absorption Spectra of Salts between the Pyrylium or Thiopyrylium Cation and the 1,1,3,3- Tetracyanopropenide or Tricyanomethanide Anion (1970)

Abstract New organic charge transfer salts composed of an organic cation (pyrylium or thiopyrylium) and an organic anion (1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropenide or tricyanomethanide) were prepared. The absorption spectra were studied both in solution and in a solid. These salts have the charge transfer band in the visible region as a result of the electronic transition from the anion to the cation. The charge transfer bands of these salts in solution are sensitive to the nature of the solvent. The charge transfer band is observed in solvents with a low polarity; this band shifts toward a shorter wavelength in solvents with a high polarity. The increase in the polarity of the solvent causes a decrease in the apparent molar extinction coefficient. The charge transfer band in the solid shifts toward a shorter wavelength compared with that in the solution. In a single crystal, the polarized absorption spectrum shows a remarkable dichroism.
Hindered rotation in trimethylsilyl amides (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHindered rotation in trimethylsilyl amidesA. Kormoriya and C. H. YoderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 15, 5285–5288Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00770a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00770a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The intensity-fluctuation distribution of Gaussian light (1968)

We discuss the quantum-mechanical problem of intensity fluctuations in samples of Gaussian light and its connection with the corresponding classical scalar problem involving fluctuations of random noise power. We obtain an expression for the intensity-fluctuation distribution of light with a Lorentzian spectrum, and investigate analytically its asymptotic behaviour. Numerical techniques are used to evaluate the distribution for various intermediate linewidths, and some examples of the corresponding theoretical photon-counting distributions are also given.
Wnt Signaling, Stem Cells, and Cancer of the Gastrointestinal Tract (2012)

The Wnt signaling pathway was originally uncovered as one of the prototype developmental signaling cascades in invertebrates as well as in vertebrates. The first indication that Wnt signaling also plays a role in the adult animal came from the study of the intestine of Tcf-4 (Tcf7L2) knockout mice. The gastrointestinal epithelium continuously self-renews over the lifetime of an organism and is, in fact, the most rapidly self-renewing tissue of the mammalian body. Recent studies indicate that Wnt signaling plays a central role in the biology of gastrointestinal stem cells. Furthermore, mutational activation of the Wnt cascade is the principle cause of colon cancer.
Integrated 60V vertical DMOS on 0.18um platform for Power over Ethernet IC (2013)

Power Management Integrated Circuits is one of the fastest growing markets in the semiconductor industry, with increasing demand for efficient electronic devices and dense integration schemes. Power over Ethernet designs are some of the most challenging, incorporating multiple channels of large High Voltage FET drivers, along with dense logic cores and high precision analog. The extreme amount of silicon area consumed by the HV drivers and the need for efficient low resistance switching has driven the need to go to area efficient vertical topologies. While vertical structures are widely implemented in discrete device manufacturing, their integration in Power Management Integrated Circuits introduces many challenges. We present a 60V platform based on a 0.18um CMOS technology, integrated with a best in class 60V vertical DMOS, providing a high performance and cost effective platform for PoE designs.
Kefir Supplementation Modifies Gut Microbiota Composition, Reduces Physical Fatigue, and Improves Exercise Performance in Mice (2018)

The present study evaluated the potential beneficial effect of kefir (KF) against fatigue. Furthermore, the composition of the gut microbiota is related to health benefits in the host; therefore, the study also investigated the effect of KF on the gut microbiota composition. Male ICR mice from four groups (<i>n</i> = 8 per group) were orally administered KF once daily for four weeks at 0, 2.15, 4.31, and 10.76 g/kg/day and were designated as the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups, respectively. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed a significant clustering of cecum after treatment in the vehicle, KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups. The KF-2X and KF-5X groups showed a decreased <i>Firmicutes</i>/<i>Bacteroidetes</i> ratio compared with the vehicle group. In addition, anti-fatigue activity and exercise performance were evaluated on the basis of exhaustive swimming time, forelimb grip strength, and levels of serum lactate, ammonia, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatine kinase (CK) after a swimming exercise. The exhaustive swimming time for the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was significantly longer than that for the vehicle group, and the forelimb grip strength of the KF-1X, KF-2X, and KF-5X groups was also significantly higher than that of the vehicle group. KF supplementation also decreased serum lactate, ammonia, BUN, and CK levels after the swimming test. However, tissue glycogen content, an important energy source for exercise, increased significantly with KF supplementation. Thus, KF supplementation can alter the gut microbiota composition, improve performance, and combat physical fatigue.
Pengaruh Kecepatan Angin Dan Sudut Blade Terhadap Unjuk Kerja Turbin Angin Poros Vertikal Tipe Savonius Duabelas Blade (2015)

This study aimed to determine the effect of wind speed and Blade angle Performance against Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Blade Savonius type. This study is a model made of type Savonius wind turbine blade in a laboratory scale. Dimensions tusrbin Savonius is a diameter of 0.1 meters and height of 0.1 meter, with a vertical rotor position (to facilitate the testing process), so it is assumed the direction of the air flow does not change and lead to the rotor which can be set when testing. The research method is an experiment, by variation of Blade angle -50, 00, 50 and 100. Variations in wind speed of 3.40 m/s, 4.35 m/s and 5.33 m/s. The testing procedure: Each model Savonius turbine rotor blade totaling 12 pieces assembled on Blade holder with angle -50, 00, 50 and 100. Each circuit is then mounted on the stand turbine located at one end of the tunnel and at the other end of the tunnel placed fan, turbine shaft is connected to a pulley as a hanging load. The fan is turned on. After a stable rotation, the wind speed is measured using the anemometer. The results of the research through variations of wind speed and angle of the blade on the performance of vertical axis wind turbine Savonius type, the variation of wind speed of 3.4 m/s, 4.35 m/s and 5.33 m/s showed best performance in blade angle of -50. Performance on the turbine blade angle variation of 00, 50, and 100 to the blade angle -50 occur an average increase of 70.47% power coefficient. The highest maximum output power is 0.282391 Watts (power coefficient of 0.310827), with 274.8864 rotor rpm, and torque variation occurs in 0.00981 Nm -50 blade angle and wind speed 5.33 m / s. Lowest maximum output power is 0.013548 Watts (power coefficient of 0.057451), with 0.000981 Nm torque on the rotor rotation occurs at 131.883 rpm and 50 and the blade angle variation of wind speed of 3.4 m/s by a margin of 84.4% of the highest maximum output power is obtained at an angle of -50 blade.
Inhibitors of Abscisic Acid 8‘-Hydroxylase (2000)

Structural analogues of the phytohormone (+)-abscisic acid (ABA) have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of the catabolic enzyme (+)-ABA 8'-hydroxylase. Assays employed microsomes from suspension-cultured corn cells. Four of the analogues [(+)-8'-acetylene-ABA, (+)-9'-propargyl-ABA, (-)-9'-propargyl-ABA, and (+)-9'-allyl-ABA] proved to be suicide substrates of ABA 8'-hydroxylase. For each suicide substrate, inactivation required NADPH, increased with time, and was blocked by addition of the natural substrate, (+)-ABA. The most effective suicide substrate was (+)-9'-propargyl-ABA (K(I) = 0.27 microM). Several analogues were competitive inhibitors of ABA 8'-hydroxylase, of which the most effective was (+)-8'-propargyl-ABA (K(i) = 1.1 microM). Enzymes in the microsomal extracts also hydroxylated (-)-ABA at the 7'-position at a low rate. This activity was not inhibited by the suicide substrates, showing that the 7'-hydroxylation of (-)-ABA was catalyzed by a different enzyme from that which catalyzed 8'-hydroxylation of (+)-ABA. Based on the results described, a simple model for the positioning of substrates in the active site of ABA 8'-hydroxylase is proposed. In a representative physiological assay, inhibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seed germination, (+)-9'-propargyl-ABA and (+)-8'-acetylene-ABA exhibited substantially stronger hormonal activity than (+)-ABA itself.
Cloud/Fog Computing Resource Management and Pricing for Blockchain Networks (2018)

Public blockchain networks using proof of work (PoW)-based consensus protocols are considered as a promising platform for decentralized resource management with financial incentive mechanisms. In order to maintain a secured, universal state of the blockchain, PoW-based consensus protocols financially incentivize the nodes in the network to compete for the privilege of block generation through cryptographic puzzle solving. For rational consensus nodes, i.e., miners with limited local computational resources, offloading the computation load for PoW to the cloud/fog providers (CFPs) becomes a viable option. In this paper, we study the interaction between the CFPs and the miners in a PoW-based blockchain network using a game theoretic approach. In particular, we propose a lightweight infrastructure of the PoW-based blockchains, where the computation-intensive part of the consensus process is offloaded to the cloud/fog. We formulate the computation resource management in the blockchain consensus process as a two-stage Stackelberg game, where the profit of the CFP and the utilities of the individual miners are jointly optimized. In the first stage of the game, the CFP sets the price of offered computing resource. In the second stage, the miners decide on the amount of service to purchase accordingly. We apply backward induction to analyze the subgame perfect equilibria in each stage for both uniform and discriminatory pricing schemes. For uniform pricing where the same price applies to all miners, the uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium is validated by identifying the best response strategies of the miners. For discriminatory pricing where the different prices are applied, the uniqueness of the Stackelberg equilibrium is proved by capitalizing on the variational inequality theory. Further, the real experimental results are employed to justify our proposed model.
Conversion of deoxynivalenol to 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol in barley-derived fuel ethanol co-products with yeast expressing trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferases (2011)

This study demonstrates the potential of using yeast expressing a trichothecene 3-O-acetyltransferase to modify DON during commercial fuel ethanol fermentation.
Requirement of Fas for the Development of Autoimmune Diabetes in Nonobese Diabetic Mice (1997)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is assumed to be a T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. To investigate the role of Fas-mediated cytotoxicity in pancreatic beta cell destruction, we established nonobese diabetic (NOD)-lymphoproliferation (lpr)/lpr mice lacking Fas. Out of three genotypes, female NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr developed spontaneous diabetes by the age of 10 mo with the incidence of 68 and 62%, respectively. In contrast, NOD-lpr/lpr did not develop diabetes or insulitis. To further explore the role of Fas, adoptive transfer experiments were performed. When splenocytes were transferred from diabetic NOD, male NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr developed diabetes with the incidence of 89 and 83%, respectively, whereas NOD-lpr/lpr did not show glycosuria by 12 wk after transfer. Severe mononuclear cell infiltration was revealed in islets of NOD-+/+ and NOD-+/lpr, whereas islet morphology remained intact in NOD-lpr/lpr. These results suggest that Fas-mediated cytotoxicity is required to initiate beta cell autoimmunity in NOD mice. Fas-Fas ligand system might be critical for autoimmune beta cell destruction leading to IDDM.