gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of salt hyperosmotic stress on yeast cell viability (2007)

During fermentation for ethanol production, yeasts are subjected to different kinds of physico-chemical stresses such as: initially high sugar concentration and low temperature; and later, increased ethanol concentrations. Such conditions trigger a series of biological responses in an effort to maintain cell cycle progress and yeast cell viability. Regarding osmostress, many studies have been focused on transcriptional activation and gene expression in laboratory strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The overall aim of this present work was to further our understanding of wine yeast performance during fermentations under osmotic stress conditions. Specifically, the research work focused on the evaluation of NaCl-induced stress responses of an industrial wine yeast strain S. cerevisiae (VIN 13), particularly with regard to yeast cell growth and viability. The hypothesis was that osmostress conditions energized specific genes to enable yeast cells to survive under stressful conditions. Experiments were designed by pretreating cells with different sodium chloride concentrations (NaCl: 4%, 6% and 10% w/v) growing in defined media containing D-glucose and evaluating the impact of this on yeast growth and viability. Subsequent fermentation cycles took place with increasing concentrations of D-glucose (20%, 30%, 40% w/v) using salt-adapted cells as inocula. We present evidence that osmostress induced by mild salt pre-treatments resulted in beneficial influences on both cell viability and fermentation performance of an industrial wine yeast strain.
The NMR‐based characterization of the FTY720‐SET complex reveals an alternative mechanism for the attenuation of the inhibitory SET‐PP2A interaction (2019)

The su(var)3-9, enhancer of zeste, trithorax (SET)/inhibitor 2 of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) oncoprotein binds and inhibits PP2A, composed of various isoforms of scaffolding, regulatory, and catalytic subunits. Targeting SET with a sphingolipid analog drug fingolimod (FTY720) or ceramide leads to the reactivation of tumor suppressor PP2A. However, molecular details of the SET-FTY720 or SET-ceramide, and mechanism of FTY720-dependent PP2A activation, remain unknown. Here, we report the first in solution examination of the SET-FTY720 or SET-ceramide complexes by NMR spectroscopy. FTY720-ceramide binding resulted in chemical shifts of residues residing at the N terminus of SET, preventing its dimerization or oligomerization. This then released SET from PP2ACα, resulting in PP2A activation, while monomeric SET remained associated with the B56γ. Our data also suggest that the PP2A holoenzyme, composed of PP2A-Aβ, PP2A-B56γ, and PP2ACα subunits, is selectively activated in response to the formation of the SET-FTY720 complex in A549 cells. Various PP2A-associated downstream effector proteins in the presence or absence of FTY720 were then identified by stable isotope labeling with amino cells in cell culture, including tumor suppressor nonmuscle myosin IIA. Attenuation of FTY720-SET association by point mutations of residues that are involved in FTY720 binding or dephosphorylation of SET at Serine 171, enhanced SET oligomerization and the formation of the SET-PP2A inhibitory complex, leading to resistance to FTY720-dependent PP2A activation.-De Palma, R. M., Parnham, S. R., Li, Y., Oaks, J. J., Peterson, Y. K., Szulc, Z. M., Roth, B. M., Xing, Y., Ogretmen, B. The NMR-based characterization of the FTY720-SET complex reveals an alternative mechanism for the attenuation of the inhibitory SET-PP2A interaction.
An optimized axial flux variable reluctance resolver with concentric windings (2016)

Radial flux variable reluctance resolvers (RFVR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> s) are widely used in variety of applications. However, they suffer from an intrinsic error which is called static eccentricity (SE). Although most of the errors in the resolvers can be suppressed using electronic methods in resolver to digital (R/D) converters, static misalignment is an exception. In this paper an axial flux configuration is proposed for variable reluctance (VR) resolvers with concentric windings. Then the proposed structure is optimized to achieve the minimum sensitivity of accuracy against SE. The performance of the presented structure, so called axial flux variable reluctance resolver (AFVR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), is validated using 3-D time stepping finite element method and compared with that of RFVR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Results show the robustness of the optimized structure against static misalignment.
Intracellular Metabolism and Persistence of the Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of 2′,3′-Didehydro-3′-Deoxy-4′-Ethynylthymidine, a Novel Thymidine Analog (2007)

The therapeutic benefits of current antiretroviral therapy are limited by the evolution of drug-resistant virus and long-term toxicity. Novel antiretroviral compounds with activity against drug-resistant viruses are needed. 2',3'-didehydro-3'-deoxy-4'-ethynylthymidine (4'-Ed4T), a novel thymidine analog, has potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activity, maintains considerable activity against multidrug-resistant HIV strains, and is less inhibitory to mitochondrial DNA synthesis in cell culture than its progenitor stavudine (D4T). We investigated the intracellular metabolism and anti-HIV activity of 4'-Ed4T. The profile of 4'-Ed4T metabolites was qualitatively similar to that for zidovudine (AZT), with the monophosphate metabolite as the major metabolite, in contrast to that for D4T, with relatively poor formation of total metabolites. The first phosphorylation step for 4'-Ed4T in cells was more efficient than that for D4T but less than that for AZT. The amount of 4'-Ed4T triphosphate (4'-Ed4TTP) was higher than that of AZTTP at 24 h in culture. There was a dose-dependent accumulation of 4'-Ed4T diphosphate and 4'-Ed4TTP on up-regulation of thymidylate kinase and 3-phosphoglycerate kinase expression in Tet-On RKO cells, respectively. The anti-HIV activity of 4'-Ed4T in cells persisted even after 48 h of drug removal from culture in comparison with AZT, D4T, and nevirapine (NVP). The order of increasing persistence of anti-HIV activity of these compounds after drug removal was 4'-Ed4T > D4T > AZT > NVP. In conclusion, with the persistence of 4'-Ed4TTP and persistent anti-HIV activity in cells, we anticipate less frequent dosing and fewer patient compliance issues than for D4T. 4'-Ed4T is a promising antiviral candidate for HIV type 1 chemotherapy.
Zap1 Control of Cell-Cell Signaling in Candida albicans Biofilms (2011)

Biofilms of Candida albicans include both yeast cells and hyphae. Prior studies indicated that a zap1Δ/Δ mutant, defective in zinc regulator Zap1, has increased accumulation of yeast cells in biofilms. This altered yeast-hypha balance may arise from internal regulatory alterations or from an effect on the production of diffusible quorum-sensing (QS) molecules. Here, we develop biosensor reporter strains that express yeast-specific YWP1-RFP or hypha-specific HWP1-RFP, along with a constitutive TDH3-GFP normalization standard. Seeding these biosensor strains into biofilms allows a biological activity assay of the surrounding biofilm milieu. A zap1Δ/Δ biofilm induces the yeast-specific YWP1-RFP reporter in a wild-type biosensor strain, as determined by both quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) gene expression measurements and confocal microscopy. Remediation of the zap1Δ/Δ zinc uptake defect through zinc transporter gene ZRT2 overexpression reverses induction of the yeast-specific YWP1-RFP reporter. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurements of known organic QS molecules show that the zap1Δ/Δ mutant accumulates significantly less farnesol than wild-type or complemented strains and that ZRT2 overexpression does not affect farnesol accumulation. Farnesol is a well-characterized inhibitor of hypha formation; hence, a reduction in farnesol levels in zap1Δ/Δ biofilms is unexpected. Our findings argue that a Zap1- and zinc-dependent signal affects the yeast-hypha balance and that it is operative in the low-farnesol environment of the zap1Δ/Δ biofilm. In addition, our results indicate that Zap1 is a positive regulator of farnesol accumulation.
How Does the Surface Tension Depend on the Surface Area with Coarse-Grained Models? (2018)

We propose to investigate the size-effects on the surface tension calculated with coarse-grained (CG) models. We investigate different liquid-vapor (LV) and liquid-liquid (LL) interfaces with the MARTINI force field and original CG models designed for the dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) and multibody particle dynamics (MDPD) simulations. We also test a realistic CG potential developed for the DPD method to investigate the LV interface of n-pentane. Concerning the MARTINI force field, we observe a weak oscillatory effect of the interfacial tension with the surface area for the LV interfaces of n-octane and water. This weak dependence of the surface tension with the box dimension is also observed in the LL interface of n-octane-water (MARTINI, DPD) and in the LV interface of water with the MDPD model.
Vicinal Diboronates in High Enantiomeric Purity through Tandem Site-Selective NHC−Cu-Catalyzed Boron−Copper Additions to Terminal Alkynes (2009)

A Cu-catalyzed protocol for conversion of terminal alkynes to enantiomerically enriched diboronates is reported. In a single vessel, a site-selective hydroboration of an alkyne leads to the corresponding terminal vinylboronate, which undergoes a second site-selective and enantioselective hydroboration. Reactions proceed in the presence of 2 equiv of commercially available bis(pinacolato)diboron [B(2)(pin)(2)] and 5-7.5 mol % loading of a chiral bidentate imidazolinium salt, affording diboronates in 60-93% yield and up to 97.5:2.5 enantiomeric ratio (er). The enantiomerically enriched products can be functionalized to afford an assortment of versatile organic molecules. Enynes are converted to unsaturated diboronates with high chemo- (>98% reaction of alkyne; <2% at alkene) and enantioselectivity (e.g., 94.5:5.5 er).
Operation context and context-based operational transformation (2006)

Operational Transformation (OT) is a technique for consistency maintenance and group undo, and is being applied to an increasing number of collaborative applications. The theoretical foundation for OT is crucial in determining its capability to solve existing and new problems, as well as the quality of those solutions. The theory of causality has been the foundation of all prior OT systems, but it is inadequate to capture essential correctness requirements. Past research had invented various patches to work around this problem, resulting in increasingly intricate and complicated OT algorithms. After having designed, implemented, and experimented with a series of OT algorithms, we reflected on what had been learned and set out to develop a new theoretical framework for better understanding and resolving OT problems, reducing its complexity, and supporting its continual evolution. In this paper, we report the main results of this effort: the theory of operation context and the COT (Context-based OT) algorithm. The COT algorithm is capable of supporting both do and undo of any operations at anytime, without requiring transformation functions to preserve Reversibility Property, Convergence Property 2, Inverse Properties 2 and 3. The COT algorithm is not only simpler and more efficient than prior OT control algorithms, but also simplifies the design of transformation functions. We have implemented the COT algorithm in a generic collaboration engine and used it for supporting a range of novel collaborative applications.
Randomized Trial of Model Predictive Control for Improved Anemia Management (2010)

Model predictive control of erythropoietin administration improves anemia management.
High‐Performance Macroporous Bulk Silicon Anodes Synthesized by Template‐Free Chemical Etching (2012)

Three-dimensional porous silicon particles can be produced via the combination of a galvanic displacement reaction and a metal-assisted chemical etching process. This simple synthetic route can be applied to make high-performance anode materials, including high specific capacity, stable cycling retention, and high rate capability, in lithium-ion batteries. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Similarity Learning for Product Recommendation and Scoring Using Multi-channel Data (2015)

Customers may interact with a retail store through many channels. Technology now makes it is possible to track customer behavior across channels. We propose a system where items are recommended based on learning channel specific similarities between customers and items. This is done by treating recommendations as a learning to rank problem and minimizing rank loss with surrogate loss functions. We build our system using a real world multi-channel data set -- online browse and purchase, and in-store purchase -- from a retail chain. The results show that using learned similarity scores improves the performance of the system over scores generated using standard cosine similarity measures. Finally, using our learning to rank formulation we introduce a product scoring system to measure consumption behavior.
American Cancer Society Guidelines for the Early Detection of Cancer, 2006 (2006)

Each January, the American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes a summary of its recommendations for early cancer detection, including guideline updates, emerging issues that are relevant to screening for cancer, and a summary of the most current data on cancer screening rates for US adults. In 2005, there were no updates to ACS guidelines. In this issue of the journal, we summarize the guidelines, discuss recent evidence and policy changes that have implications for cancer screening, and provide an update of the most recent data pertaining to participation rates in cancer screening by age, sex, and insurance status from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.
Automated Player Selection for Sports Team using Competitive Neural Networks (2017)

The use of data analytics to constitute a winning team for the least cost has become the standard modus operandi in club leagues, beginning from Sabermetrics for the game of basketball. Our motivation is to implement this enomenon in other sports as well, and for the purpose of this work we present a model for football, for which to the best of our knowledge, previous work does not exist. The main objective is to pick the best possible squad from an available pool of players. This will help decide which team of 11 football players is best to play against a particular opponent, perform prediction of future matches and helps team management in preparing the team for the future. We argue in favour of a semi-supervised learning approach in order to quantify and predict player performance from team data with mutual influence among players, and report win accuracies of around 60%.
Effortful and Automatic Information Processing in Boys with ADHD and Specific Learning Disorders (1999)

Boys with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD, N = 50), Specific Learning Disorder (LD, N = 45), combined Specific Learning Disorder and ADHD (LD/ADHD, N = 25), and controls (N = 51) completed effortful and automatic information processing tasks based on Treisman and Gelade's (1980) "information integration theory". ADHD and LD/ADHD subjects did not differ from controls at baseline or under feedback and reward conditions, suggesting that they were investing similar levels of mental effort in the tasks. The LD group had a superior performance in the effortful task and an inferior performance in the automatic task compared with the other groups at baseline. The data suggest a potential method of distinguishing primary LD from learning difficulties that occur secondary to ADHD.
ChemInform Abstract: New Antihistaminic N‐Heterocyclic 4‐Piperidinamines. Part 1. Synthesis and Antihistaminic Activity of N‐(4‐Piperidinyl)‐1H‐benzimidazol‐2‐amines. (1986)

Abstract Piperidine vom Typ (III) werden hergestellt und auf Antihistaminwirkung in vitro und in vivo getestet.
Surfactant solvation effects and micelle formation in ionic liquids (2003)

The formation of micelles in 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride (BMIM-Cl) and hexafluorophosphate (BMIM-PF6) were explored using different surfactants and the solvation behavior of the new micellar-ionic liquid solutions examined using inverse gas chromatography.
Mobile application based traffic advisory system for general aviation - is it possible? (2015)

In this paper we present our solution of application based traffic advisory system for general aviation. Our system uses online telemetry data from an Android device which is located in a light aircraft and a server side fuzzy-logic based decision making software which is located on the ground. Data communication is provided by the means of existing mobile networks. This paper contains research results which examines the possibility of online data communication between a light aircraft and GSM or CDMA mobile networks. We also provide extensive our traffic advisory system solution technical description.
Wax encapsulation of water-soluble compounds for application in foods (2006)

Water-soluble ingredients have been successfully encapsulated in wax using two preparation techniques. The first technique ('solid preparation') leads to relatively large wax particles. The second technique ('liquid preparation') leads to relatively small wax particles immersed in vegetable oil. On the first technique: stable encapsulation of water-soluble colourants (dissolved at low concentration in water) has been achieved making use of beeswax and PGPR. The leakage from the capsules, for instance of size 2 mm, is about 30% after 16 weeks storage in water at room temperature. To form such capsules a minimum wax mass of 40% relative to the total mass is needed. High amounts of salt or acids at the inside water phase causes more leaking, probably because of the osmotic pressure difference. Osmotic matching of inner and outer phase can lead to a dramatic reduction in leakage. Fat capsules are less suitable to incorporate water soluble colourants. The reason for this could be a difference in crystal structure (fat is less ductile and more brittle). On the second technique: stable encapsulation of water-soluble colourants (encapsulated in solid wax particles) has been achieved making use of carnauba wax. The leakage from the capsules, for instance of size 250 mm, is about 40% after 1 weeks storage in water at room temperature.
Using the LMS method to measure skewness in the NCHS and Dutch National height standards (1989)

The American National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and Dutch national height growth standards, unlike previous standards, allowed for skewness when fitting the centile curves. The LMS method (Cole 1988) is a way of summarizing growth standards which monitors the changing skewness of the distribution during childhood. It does so by calculating the Box-Cox power needed to transform the data to normality at each age, and displaying the results as a smooth curve of power plotted against age. Applying the LMS method to the NCHS and Dutch standards highlights the nature of the changing skewness of height during childhood, and particularly during puberty. Taken in conjunction with curves for the mean and coefficient of variation of height plotted against age, the power curve allows the original centiles to be reconstructed to high accuracy. This provides further evidence that the LMS method is a powerful and compact technique for deriving and presenting growth standards.
347 Serbest Doku Aktarımının Analizi: 6 Yıllık Deneyim (2002)

Değişik nedenlerle oluşan doku defektlerinin onarımında serbest doku aktarımları bir çok avantajı nedeniyle sıklıkla uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1994-2000 yılları arasında GATA Plastik ve Rekonstrüktif Cerrahi Anabilim Dalında gerçekleştirilen serbest doku aktarımlarının başarısının,defektin nedeni, flep seçimi, anastomoz tekniği ve tipi ve flep iskemi zaman gibi değişkenlerden nasıl etkilendiğini ortaya koymak amaçlandı.Bu nedenle 191 ateşli silah yaralanması,39 travma, 57 tümör, 31 yanık rekonstrüksiyonu, 13 konjenital anomali, 6 osteomiyelit, 10 kronik yara olgusu değerlendirildi.Elde edilen sonuçlar alt ekstremite ASY olgularında daha düşük başarı oranı olduğu ve daha sık eksplorasyon gerektiği ayrıca flep iskemi süresi ile başarı oranı arasında ters orantı bulunduğunu gösterdi.Sonuçlarımız serbest doku aktarımı ile onarım planlanan hastalarda yukarıda sözü edilen parametrelerin ve hasta ve flep seçiminin son derece önemli olduğunu düşündürmektedir.
Acetylenic Coupling: A Powerful Tool in Molecular Construction (2000)

Acetylenic coupling is currently experiencing some of the most intensive study of its long history. Rigid and sterically undemanding di- and oligoacetylene moieties, which are frequently encountered in natural products, are finding increasing application as key structural elements in synthetic receptors for molecular recognition. Interesting electronic and optical properties of extensively pi-conjugated systems have spurred research into new linear oligoalkynes and acetylenic carbon allotropes. The synthetic challenges associated with these efforts have in turn spawned new methods. While classical Glaser conditions are still frequently used for homocoupling, the demand for increasingly selective heterocoupling conditions has provided the focus of research over the past decades. These efforts have undoubtedly been hampered by a relatively poor mechanistic understanding of these processes. More recently, palladium-catalyzed coupling methods have led to improvements in both the selectivity and reliability of acetylenic homo- and heterocouplings and paved the way for their application to ever more complicated systems. The variety of acetylenic coupling protocols, the current mechanistic understanding, and their application in natural product and targeted synthesis are discussed comprehensively for the first time in this review, with an emphasis on the most recently developed methods, and their application to the synthesis of complex macromolecular structures.