gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gelatin–tricalcium phosphate membranes immobilized with NGF, BDNF, or IGF‐1 for peripheral nerve repair: An <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> study (2006)

In the present study, NGF, BNDF from the neurotrophin family and IGF-1 were covalently immobilized on gelatin-tricalcium phosphate (GTG) membrane using carbodiimide. We investigated the effects of these growth factors released from the GTG composites on cultured PC12 cells and sciatic nerve regeneration across a 10-mm-long gap in rats. In PC12 cell culture, the total protein content and MTT assay indicated more cell attachment on the composites modified with growth factors. The IGF-1 group showed a higher survival promotion effect on PC12 cells than did BDNF and NGF groups. On the other hand, NGF released from the composite showed the highest level of neuritogenesis for PC12 cells in neurite outgrowth assay. In the animal study, the GTG conduits modified with various growth factors were well tolerated by the host tissue. In the regenerated nerves, the number of the axons per unit area of the BDNF group was significantly higher than that of NGF and GTG groups but similar to that of IGF-1 group. However, the average axon size was the largest in NGF group. This result was in concordance with the neurite outgrowth assay in which NGF showed the highest neuritogenic potential. In the assessment of motor and sensory recovery after nerve repair, conduits modified with various neurotrophic factors showed a more favorable outcome in compound muscle action potential. The BDNF group had a better gastrocnemic muscle weight ratio than blank GTG repair. Nevertheless, the different effects of GTG conduits modified with various neurotrophic factors on functional recovery cannot be simply illustrated in the sciatic function index.
<i>Wolbachia</i>superinfections and the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility (1995)

Strains of Drosophila simulans from Riverside, California (DSR) and Hawaii (DSH) harbour distinct strains of the cytoplasmic incompatibility microorganism Wolbachia, resulting in the expression of bidirectional incompatibility when crossed. D. simulans lines carrying both of these (superinfected) Wolbachia strains were generated by the transfer of infected DSH cytoplasm into DSR embryos by microinjection. The superinfected flies were unidirectionally incompatible with both DSR and DSH individuals. As a result of this pattern, the superinfected state was observed to replace single infections in laboratory populations. The ability of the superinfection to spread was modulated by the production of singly infected offspring from superinfected mothers: strain segregation was observed under crowded larval rearing conditions. An inverse correlation between the penetrance of the cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotype and the degree of larval crowding was also observed. The findings have implications for the evolution of bidirectionally incompatible strains, and lead to the prediction that superinfections should be relatively common in field populations. Evidence for a natural superinfection in the mosquito Aedes albopictus is discussed. The results also have applied significance for the generation of insect lines capable of driving desirable genes into populations already infected with Wolbachia, thus allowing repeated opportunities for population replacement.
A Concise Formal Total Synthesis of Mappicine and Nothapodytine B via an Intramolecular Hetero Diels−Alder Reaction (2000)

A six-step formal total synthesis of a natural alkaloid, mappicine (3), has been achieved. The highlight of our synthetic strategy is an intramolecular hetero Diels-Alder reaction that was used for the construction of the CD ring system of mappicine (3). In addition, it was demonstrated that the Sonogashira coupling reaction of 2-chloro-3-hydroxymethylquinoline (8c) with trimethylsilylacetylene proceeded at room temperature in excellent yield.
High-performance optically amplified 1550-nm lightwave AM-VSB CATV transport system (1996)

Summary form only given. In conclusion, we have implemented a high-performance optically amplified 1550-nm lightwave AM-VSB CATV system. The system performs well and is consistent with theoretical analysis for passive link. Chromatic dispersion and self-phase modulation account for the CNR, CSO, and CTB degradation associated with fiber.
Adaptive fast charging methodology for commercial Li‐ion batteries based on the internal resistance spectrum (2020)

Abstract Development of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy density has brought a promising future for the next generation of electric vehicles (EV). In order to make EVs more competitive with combustion engine vehicles, development of an effective fast charging technique is inevitable. However, improper employment of fast charging can damage the battery and bring safety hazards. Herein, industry based along with our proposed internal resistance (IR) based fast charging techniques were performed on commercial Panasonic NCR 18650B cylindrical batteries. To further investigate the fast charging impact and electrode degradation mechanisms, electrochemical analysis and material characterization techniques including EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), GITT (galvanostatic intermittent titration technique), SEM (scanning electron microscopy), and XRD (X‐ray diffraction) were implemented. Batteries that were cycled under industry based fast charging showed 78% increase in internal resistance after 120 cycles along with rapid capacity fading. Mechanical distortion of the battery case occurred around the 60th cycle for industry based fast charging. In contrast, IR based fast charged batteries showed 29.4% increase in internal resistance over 120 cycles. In addition, mechanical distortion was not observed and the relative capacity fading was on a moderate level. Furthermore, this work could pave the way for the optimization of fast charging techniques to secure the lifespan and safety of various types of lithium‐ion batteries.
Millimeter–submillimeter wavelength filter system (1994)

We describe the design, fabrication, measurement, and performance of a set of cryogenic millimetersubmillimeter wavelength filters used in a balloonborne bolometric radiometer. The set contains single resonant mesh grids used as dichroic beam splitters, resonant meshes in a double quarter-wave configuration, a commercial inductive grid filter, and high-frequency blocking filters. The resultant system has passbands at λ = 1.73, 1.05, 0.61, 0.44 mm with δλ/λ = 0.23, 0.23, 0.12, 0.06. Limits on high-frequency leakage are deduced from laboratory measurements and from the analysis of flight data. The filter set response to three different sources of radiation is presented to show the method and limitations of our characterization. The key element of the filter system is a resonant periodic array of cross-shaped holes etched in thin aluminum. We give an empirical scaling law for the resonant wavelength as a function of structure parameters for aluminum on 25-µm-thick Mylar. Plots of the transmittance for normally incident radiation and the transmittance and reflectance for a 45° incident radiation are presented.
Generating octrees from object silhouettes in orthographic views (1989)

An algorithm to construct the octree representation of a three-dimensional object from silhouette images of the object is described. The images must be obtained from thirteen viewing directions corresponding to the three face views, six edge views, and four corner views of an upright cube. These views where chosen because they provide a simple relationship between pixels in the image and the octant labels in the octree, thus replacing the computation of detecting intersections between the octree space and the objects by a table lookup operation. The average ratio of the object volume to the octree volume is found to be greater than 90%. The sequential use made of the chosen viewing directions results in a coarse-to-fine acquisition of occupancy information. The number and order of the viewpoints used provides a mechanism for trading accuracy of the representation against the computational effort needed to obtain the representation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of velocity profiles and longitudinal dispersion in salt marsh vegetation (2006)

To predict the behavior of solutes and suspended particles in wetlands, it is necessary to estimate advection and longitudinal dispersion. To better understand these processes, measurements were taken of stem frontal area, velocity, vertical diffusion, and longitudinal dispersion in a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh in the Plum Island Estuary in Rowley, Massachusetts. Vegetation volumetric frontal area peaked at 0.067 ± 0.007 cm−1 near 10 cm from the bed. If the velocity profile in a dense emergent marsh canopy depends on the local balance between pressure forcing and vegetation drag, the velocity will vary inversely with canopy drag (i.e., velocity is minimum where the frontal area is maximum). In fact, the minimum velocity was observed at 10 cm from the bed. The momentum balance therefore provides a way to predict the velocity profile structure from canopy morphology. The vertical diffusion coefficient also depends on canopy characteristics, such that the vertical diffusion coefficient normalized by the velocity and stem diameter had a constant value of 0.17 ± 0.08 at this study site. The canopy morphology also controls the longitudinal dispersion, observed in this study to be 4 to 27 cm−2 s−1. However, theoretical considerations show that dispersion coefficients of at least 540 cm−2 s−1 can occur under typical marsh conditions. Comparisons to other canopies indicate that the prediction of the velocity profile and shear dispersion from canopy morphology can be extended to other emergent canopies and that shear dispersion may vary widely between stands with different physical characteristics.
Heme A of cytochrome c oxicase. Structure and properties: comparisons with hemes B, C, and S and derivatives. (1975)

Heme A, isolated from bovine heart muscle by procedures which include extractions into pyridine/chloroform and two-phase, liquid-liquid chromatography on Celite, has been converted to several derivatives. Examination of the proton nuclear magnetic resonance (PMR) spectra and other properties of these derivatives reveals heme A to be the iron complex of 8-formyl-6,-m-bis(2''-hydroxycarbonylethyl)-2-(1'-hydroxy-5',9',13'-trimethyl-4',8',12'-trans,trans-tetradecatrienyl)-1,3,5-trimethyl-4-vinylporphin. Substituents at the 2,4, and 8 positions are replaced by hydrogen in a resorcinol melt to give cytodeuteroporphin (8-demethyldeuteroporphyrin IX)...
Endogenous liver carcinogenesis in the rat * (1999)

Carcinogenesis may be effected not only through exposure to exogenous stimuli but also by genetic and epigenetic influences derived from endogenous factors. In the latter case, the mechanisms are still largely obscure because of the limited availability of appropriate in vivo experimental models. However, continuous feeding of a diet deficient in choline and methionine is well known to cause hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) in rats in the absence of any known exogenous carcinogens and can serve as a good research model. A semi-synthetic, choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet, containing practically no choline and low methionine, induces HCC with a background of fatty liver and hepatocyte death, subsequent regeneration and fibrosis resulting in cirrhosis. Using the CDAA diet, we have revealed the participation of oxidative injury to DNA and other subcellular components and of alteration in intrahepatic signal transduction pathways in the mechanisms underlying this rat liver carcinogenesis model. In the present paper, the current understanding of endogenous rat liver carcinogenesis, due to dietary choline deficiency, is reviewed.
Airway Microbiota Determines Innate Cell Inflammatory or Tissue Remodeling Profiles in Lung Transplantation (2016)

The crosstalk between bacterial communities and innate immune cells potentially determines the function of the transplanted lung offering novel pathways for intervention strategies.
Effect of 1- Pyrene Carboxylic-Acid Functionalization of Graphene on Its Capacitive Energy Storage (2012)

We report on the performance of supercapacitor devices fabricated using 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid (PCA)-functionalized graphene electrodes. The specific capacitances obtained (using 6 M KOH aqueous solution as an electrolyte) was found to be an order of magnitude higher than nonfunctionalized graphene electrodes (∼30 and ∼200 F/g for pure graphene and PCA-functionalized graphene electrodes, respectively). The analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy using equivalent circuit modeling as well as electrolyte wettability measurements shows a substantial increase in the electrical double layer capacitance due to the PCA functionalization. These findings indicate that PCA functionalization of graphene can significantly enhance the capacitive storage ability of graphene-based electrodes and can act as superb electrode materials in electrical energy applications.
Elastomers in the Human Body (1966)

Abstract Several problems arise when polymeric materials are placed in the body: (1) damage to the body such as blood coagulation, hemolysis, and protein denaturation, and (2) degradation of the polymers caused by exposure to the body's enzyme system. Several methods are presented in this paper to produce elastomeric materials that do not cause clotting of blood. This is accomplished by chemically binding a mucopolysaccharide (heparin) to their surfaces. The materials that have been treated in the work are silicone rubber, polyester polyurethan rubber, natural rubber, and butadiene pyridine rubber.
Use of visible light. Second-generation titanium oxide photocatalysts prepared by the application of an advanced metal ion-implantation method (2000)

Abstract Titanium oxide catalysts were implanted with various transition-metal ions by a high-voltage acceleration technique, then calcined in O 2 at around 723 K to produce photocatalysts capable of absorbing visible light, the extent of the red shift depending on the amount and kind of metal ions implanted. Such metal ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts, specifically using Cr or V ions, were successful in carrying out various photocatalytic reactions such as the decomposition of NO into N 2 , O 2 , and N 2 O at 293 K, significantly under irradiation with visible light longer than 450 nm. In outdoor field tests, these Cr and V ion-implanted titanium oxide photocatalysts showed three to four times higher photocatalytic reactivity for the decomposition of NO under solar beam irradiation, as compared with the original unimplanted titanium oxide photocatalyst.
Old marbeuf (English) chapel Paris (1925)

Old marbeuf (English) chapel Paris Get access N. E. Y. N. E. Y. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CXLVIII, Issue may09, 9 May 1925, Page 338, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CXLVIII.may09.338a Published: 09 May 1925
Accuracy of Parkinson disease diagnosis unchanged in 2 decades (2014)

Neurologists are well known for their outstanding clinical skills. Those skills are especially important in the practice of movement disorders whereby the diagnostic tools are limited.
ONERA-DLR bistatic SAR campaign: planning, data acquisition, and first analysis of bistatic scattering behaviour of natural and urban targets (2006)

Bistatic configuration is an attractive concept for spaceborne and airborne SAR missions when distributed radars are necessary as for example in the case of interferometric applications. The first reason is the important cost reduction achieved over the multiple radar elements, by having only one transmitter (expensive part) and multiple receivers. The most promising applications are single-pass interferometry with a large baseline and target or surface characterisation from bistatic scattering signature analysis. In a defence context, the improved stealth associated with the receive-only component can provide a wider operational capability. In order to explore the potentials and technical challenges associated with bistatic radar, DLR and ONERA have conducted a joint bistatic airborne radar experiment involving both their SAR systems E-SAR and RAMSES between October 2002 and February 2003. Two main geometrical configurations were flown to explore different scientific and technical objectives. In the first geometrical configuration, the quasi-monostatic mode, the two planes were flying very close to each other to acquire interferometric data in a single-pass cross-platform configuration with large interferometric baselines. The second geometrical configuration was designed to acquire images with a large bistatic angle. The two planes were flying on parallel tracks around 2 km apart, at about the same altitude, with the antennas pointing at the same area on the ground. The authors describe this research programme, including the preparation phase, the analysis of the technological challenges that had to be solved before the acquisition, the strategy adopted for bistatic image processing, the first results and a preliminary analysis of the acquired images.
Tensile Strain Capacity of X80 Pipeline Under Tensile Loading With Internal Pressure (2010)

This paper presents the results of experimental and finite element analysis (FEA) studies focused on the tensile strain capacity of X80 pipelines under large axial loading with high internal pressure. Full-pipe tensile test of girth welded joint was performed using high-strain X80 linepipes. Curved wide plate (CWP) tests were also conducted to verify the strain capacity under a condition of no internal pressure. The influence of internal pressure was clearly observed in the strain capacity. Critical tensile strain is reduced drastically due to the increased crack driving force under high internal pressure. In addition, SENT tests with shallow notch specimens were conducted in order to obtain a tearing resistance curve for the simulated HAZ of X80 material. Crack driving force curves were obtained by a series of FEA, and the critical global strain of pressurized pipes was predicted to verify the strain capacity of X80 welded linepipes with surface defects. Predicted strain showed good agreement with the experimental results.
LIGA for lobster: First observation of lobster-eye focusing from lithographically produced optics (2001)

The prospect of making a lobster-eye telescope is drawing closer with recent developments in the manufacture of microchannel-plate optics. This would lead to an x-ray all-sky monitor with vastly improved sensitivity and resolution over existing and other planned instruments. We consider a new approach, using deep etch x-ray lithography, to making a lobster-eye lens that offers certain advantages even over microchannel-plate technology.
The active centers of Streptomyces griseus protease 3 and α-chymotrypsin: enzyme-substrate interactions remote from the scissile bond (1976)

Kinetic constants are reported for alpha-chymotrypsin- and Streptomyces griseus protease 3 (SGP3)-catalyzed amide hydrolysis of a number of peptide amides of varying substrate chain length. alpha-Chymotrypsin, but not SGP3, will hydrolyze rapidly specific acetyl amino acid amides. SGP3-catalyzed, but not alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed, hydrolysis is greatly stimulated by the presence of up to four amino acid residues N-terminal to the scissile bond of the substrate. The enzyme-substrate interactions utilized to promote hydrolysis, therefore, differ in these two enzymes, which, in other respects, show marked similarities. alpha-Chymotrypsin depends mainly on primary enzyme-substrate contacts, those with the amino acid residue (P1) whose carbonyl group forms part of the scissile bond, whereas SGP3 depends mainly on "secondary" enzyme-substrate contacts with amino acid residues (P2-P4) more remote from the scissile bond. A comparison with porcine elastase, a related serine protease, indicates that there is an inverse relation between the importance of primary and secondary enzyme substrate interactions in this family of enzymes. A rationale is proposed for this effect based on the observation that both types of enzyme-substrate interaction predominantly affect the rate constant for the acylation step of substrate hydrolysis.
Laser assisted polymer bonding technology for advanced MEMS packaging (2008)

This paper presents the development of a laser assisted polymer bonding process using benzocyclobutene (BCB) for encapsulation of MEMS and other microscale sensor devices. The polymer rings were fabricated on capping substrates using the photosensitive BCB resin and photolithography and then bonded onto device substrates to form microcavities for MEMS packaging. A high-power fibre-coupled diode laser at the wavelength of 970 nm was used as the heat source for BCB bonding/curing in conjunction with novel beam forming optics that allows selective illumination of the substrates to be joined. Defect free bonding was realised in 10 seconds using laser power of order 50 W and 1 kgf of bonding force. The quality of the laser produced polymer bond was assessed using optical inspection and leak test and it was shown that it is as good as that formed using conventional hotplate based approach, but reducing the bonding time by a factor of ~100.
The Nature of Periodontal Diseases (1997)

Periodontal diseases are infections. They have a number of properties in common with infections in other parts of the body, but have unique features resulting from the passage of the tooth through the soft tissue integument into the oral cavity. The tooth provides a solid, non-shedding surface for the colonization of potentially pathogenic bacterial species as well as a wide range of host-compatible species. Periodontal pathogens frequently colonize the periodontal area for prolonged periods of time prior to disease initiation. Disease is caused by a finite set of bacterial species leading to the development of multiple periodontal diseases. Disease occurs at individual periodontal sites and leaves an historical record of the damage to the periodontium in the form of periodontal attachment or bone loss. This feature provides difficulty in investigation since it is often unclear whether the infectious process is presently occurring or is a reflection of past destruction. Control of periodontal diseases is most effectively performed by eliminating or suppressing the organisms that cause them and establishing a host compatible microbiota. When tissue damage has been extensive, regenerative or replacement procedures should be instituted after the infection has been controlled.