gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Fermentation of Corn Starch by a Recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Having Glucoamylase and α-Amylase Activities (2001)

Starch is an abundant resource in plant biomass,, it should be hydrolyzed enzymatically into fermentable sugars for ethanol fermentation. A genetic recombinant yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae GA7458, was constructed by integrating the structural gene of both α-amylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus, the gene (STA1) encoding glucoamylase from S. diastaticus into the chromosome of S. cerevisiae SH7458. The recombinant yeast showed active enzymatic activities of α-amylase, glucoamylase. The productivity of ethanol fermentation from the pH-controlled batch culture (pH 5.5) was 2.6 times greater than that of the pH-uncontrolled batch culture. Moreover, in a fedbatch culture, more ethanol was produced (13.2 g/L),, the production yield was 0.38 with 2% of corn starch. Importantly, the integrated plasmids were fully maintained during ethanol fermentation.
Molecular Characterization and Expression of Rat Acyl-CoA Synthetase 3 (1996)

Isolation and characterization of a rat brain cDNA identified a third acyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) designated ACS3. The deduced amino acid sequence of the cDNA revealed that ACS3 consists of 720 amino acids and exhibits a structural architecture common to ACSs from various origins. ACS3 expressed in COS cells was purified to near homogeneity. The purified ACS3 resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis into two major proteins of 79 and 80 kDa. Cell-free translation of a synthetic mRNA encoding the entire region of ACS3 revealed that the two isoforms were derived from the same mRNA. The purified ACS3 utilizes laurate and myristate most efficiently among C8-C22 saturated fatty acids and arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate among C16-C20 unsaturated fatty acids. Northern blot analysis revealed that ACS3 mRNA is most abundant in brain and, to a much lesser extent, in lung, adrenal gland, kidney, and small intestine. During the development of the rat brain, expression of ACS3 mRNA reached a maximum level at 15 days after birth and then declined gradually to 10% of the maximum in the adult brain.
Symmetric photon-photon coupling by atoms with Zeeman-split sublevels (2002)

We propose a simple scheme for highly efficient nonlinear interaction between two weak optical fields. The scheme is based on the attainment of electromagnetically induced transparency simultaneously for both fields via transitions between magnetically split $F=1$ atomic sublevels, in the presence of two driving fields. Thereby, equal slow group velocities and symmetric cross coupling of the weak fields over long distances are achieved. By simply tuning the fields, this scheme can either yield giant cross-phase modulation or ultrasensitive two-photon switching.
A Facile Strategy to Support Palladium Nanoparticles on Carbon Nanotubes, Employing Polyvinylpyrrolidone as a Surface Modifier (2014)

Abstract This paper describes the development of a facile and environmentally friendly strategy for supporting palladium nanoparticles (Pd NPs) on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with ethanol as the solvent/reducing agent, potassium tetrachloropalladate(II) (K 2 PdCl 4 ) as the Pd precursor, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the surface modifier. More specifically, our approach was based on the nonbonding interaction between MWCNTs and PVP, which is a cheap, nontoxic, and commercial polymer. As PVP can serve not only as a surface modifier but also as a stabilizing agent for Pd NPs, the utilization of additional functionalization steps, reducing agents, and stabilizers was not required to achieve uniform Pd deposition over the MWCNTs. Our results demonstrate that Pd NPs below 5 nm in diameter can be directly supported on MWCNTs by this route. Also, sequential Pd‐reduction steps can be employed to improve the coverage of Pd NPs at the MWCNT surfaces, although this can also lead to the formation of larger Pd particles or aggregates. The electrocatalytic activity for ethanol oxidation was investigated as a function of the composition and structure of the materials produced, in which MWCNTs decorated with Pd NPs of smaller sizes and lower coverages displayed the highest activities. The results described herein suggest that our approach may serve as a simple platform for the synthesis of MWCNTs decorated with metal NPs with well‐defined morphologies and uniform dispersion for electrochemical and catalytic applications.
Modified Methods for the Synthesis of Carbazole from Phenothiazine (2001)

Lithium, used in conjunction with triphenylphosphine or sodium metal, produces a high yield of carbazole when reacted with phenothiazine.
Advanced combustion systems for stationary gas turbine engines. Volume IV. Combustor verification testing. Addendum. Final report Jul-Oct 79 (1980)

The reports describe an exploratory development program to identify, evaluate, and demonstrate dry techniques for significantly reducing NOx from stationary gas turbine engines. Volume 4 describes an additional series of tests to evaluate the performance of the combustor on heavy fuels such as petroleum or shale residual oil and solvent refined coal (SRC). Results from the tests show that all exhaust emission goals were met while burning three test fuels: a middle-cut distillate SRC, a residual shale oil, and an Indonesian/Malaysian residual oil. It was also demonstrated that the exhaust emission goals were met when operating a RB/QQ combustor at a high turbine inlet temperature (1426 C design) firing No. 2 fuel oil.
CD-MAC: Cooperative Diversity MAC for Robust Communication in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

This paper proposes a medium access control (MAC) algorithm, called Cooperative Diversity MAC (CD-MAC), which exploits the cooperative communication capability to improve robustness in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wireless</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ad</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hoc</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">networks</i> . In CD-MAC, each terminal proactively selects a relay for cooperation and lets it transmit simultaneously when it is beneficial in mitigating interference from nearby terminals and thus improving the network performance. For practicability, CD-MAC is designed based on the widely adopted IEEE 802.11 MAC. System-level simulation study shows that CD-MAC significantly outperforms the original IEEE 802.11 MAC in terms of packet delivery ratio.
Mean-scatterer spacing estimates with spectral correlation (1994)

An ultrasonic backscattered signal from material comprised of quasiperiodic scatterers exhibit redundancy over both its phase and magnitude spectra. This paper addresses the problem of estimating mean-scatterer spacing from the backscattered ultrasound signal using spectral redundancy characterized by the spectral autocorrelation (SAC) function. Mean-scatterer spacing estimates are compared for techniques that use the cepstrum and the SAC function. A -scan models consist of a collection of regular scatterers with Gamma distributed spacings embedded in diffuse scatterers with uniform distributed spacings. The model accounts for attenuation by convolving the frequency dependent scattering centers with a time-varying system response. Simulation results indicate that SAC-based estimates converge more reliably over smaller amounts of data than cepstrum-based estimates. A major reason for the performance advantage is the use of phase information by the SAC function, while the cepstrum uses a phaseless power spectral density that is directly affected by the system response and the presence of diffuse scattering (speckle). An example of estimating the mean-scatterer spacing in liver tissue also is presented.
Atomic structure of mutant PPARγ LBD complexed with 15d‐PGJ<sub>2</sub>: Novel modulation mechanism of PPARγ/RXRα function by covalently bound ligands (2008)

15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) activates a nuclear receptor heterodimer, peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma)/ retinoid X receptor (RXRalpha) through covalent binding to Cys285 in PPARgamma ligand-binding domain (LBD). Here, we present the 1.9A crystal structure of C285S mutant LBD complexed with 15d-PGJ(2), corresponding to the non-covalently bound state. The ligand lies adjacent to a hydrogen-bond network around the helix H2 and the nearby beta-sheet. Comparisons with previous structures clarified the relationships between PPARgamma function and conformational alterations of LBD during the process of covalently binding ligands, such as 15d-PGJ(2), and thus suggested a mechanism, by which these ligands modulate PPARgamma/RXRalpha function through conformational changes of the loop following helix H2' and the beta-sheet.
Design of Algorithm for Environment based Dynamic Access Control Model for Database Systems (2011)

With the fast growing nature of enterprise business especially with the emergence of information technology, we are moving towards the era where database systems have become mandatory for the organizations to implement. Because of this, it has become very important to specify such access control model for the database systems in organizations that must ensure the security of information but at the same time dynamic. Conventionally, access control models stress on pre-defined users for which access level is pre-determined by the database administrator. Considering the need of today's business, that has become borderless, and most of unknown users also attempt to access the information, we present a design algorithm for access control model that can handle for both existing and unknown users of the database. The algorithm deals with three major parts, Environment Check, Roles and Permissions Check and finally the increment and decrement of permissions dynamically.
Carnosine inhibits degradation of hyaluronan induced by free radical processes in vitro and improves the redox imbalance in adjuvant arthritis in vivo. (2010)

CARN proved its inhibitory properties against degradation of HA solutions at experimental conditions in vitro and showed its beneficial efficiency in vivo. Moreover, it reduced also HPV, the clinical marker of inflammation in AA.
Baicalein Protects Human Skin Cells against Ultraviolet B-Induced Oxidative Stress (2016)

Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxy-2-phenyl-chromen-4-one) is a flavone, a type of flavonoid, originally isolated from the roots of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>. This study evaluated the protective effects of baicalein against oxidative damage-mediated apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). Baicalein absorbed light within the wavelength range of UVB. In addition, baicalein decreased the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to UVB radiation. Baicalein protected cells against UVB radiation-induced DNA breaks, 8-isoprostane generation and protein modification in HaCaT cells. Furthermore, baicalein suppressed the apoptotic cell death by UVB radiation. These findings suggest that baicalein protected HaCaT cells against UVB radiation-induced cell damage and apoptosis by absorbing UVB radiation and scavenging ROS.
On random walks for Pollard's rho method (2000)

We consider Pollardâs rho method for discrete logarithm computation. Usually, in the analysis of its running time the assumption is made that a random walk in the underlying group is simulated. We show that this assumption does not hold for the walk originally suggested by Pollard: its performance is worse than in the random case. We study alternative walks that can be efficiently applied to compute discrete logarithms. We introduce a class of walks that lead to the same performance as expected in the random case. We show that this holds for arbitrarily large prime group orders, thus making Pollardâs rho method for prime group orders about $20\%$ faster than before.
Role of trastuzumab in the management of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer (2010)

Breast cancer is a major health issue in developed countries. Overexpression of HER2, a member of epidermal growth factor receptor family, occurs in 20%-30% of breast cancers. HER2 drives the cancer cells to develop a more aggressive phenotype, to metastasize to viscera and central nervous system, and to be less sensitive to chemotherapeutic agents. Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of HER2. As single agent or with chemotherapy, trastuzumab improves survival of HER2-positive breast cancers. In the past years, trastuzumab has completely revolutionized the scenario of the treatment of HER2-positive breast cancer, representing one of the most remarkable examples of targeted therapy in oncology. However, issues such as the best chemotherapeutic companion to associate with trastuzumab, cardiac toxicities, and clinical resistance still require tremendous efforts by researchers. Here, we review pharmacology, efficacy studies, and toxicities of trastuzumab in metastatic breast cancer. Moreover, we provide some insights on resistance to therapy. Finally, we briefly discuss trastuzumab's place in the clinical setting.
Dimensional Modeling: In a Business Intelligence Environment (2006)

In this IBM Redbook we describe and demonstrate dimensional data modeling techniques and technology, specifically focused on business intelligence and data warehousing. It is to help the reader understand how to design, maintain, and use a dimensional model for data warehousing that can provide the data access and performance required for business intelligence. Business intelligence is comprised of a data warehousing infrastructure, and a query, analysis, and reporting environment. Here we focus on the data warehousing infrastructure. But only a specific element of it, the data model - which we consider the base building block of the data warehouse. Or, more precisely, the topic of data modeling and its impact on the business and business applications. The objective is not to provide a treatise on dimensional modeling techniques, but to focus at a more practical level. There is technical content for designing and maintaining such an environment, but also business content. For example, we use case studies to demonstrate how dimensional modeling can impact the business intelligence requirements for your business initiatives. In addition, we provide a detailed discussion on the query aspects of BI and data modeling. For example, we discuss query optimization and how you can determine performance of the data model prior to implementation. You need a solid base for your data warehousing infrastructure . . . . a solid data model.
Three Kinds of Controls Affecting the Expression of the <i>glp</i> Regulon in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1973)

Three kinds of control mechanisms govern the expression of the members of the glp regulon for glycerol and sn -glycerol 3-phosphate (G3P) catabolism in Escherichia coli K-12: specific repression by the product of the glpR gene; catabolite repression; and respiratory repression (the effect exerted by exogenous hydrogen acceptors). The operons of the glp system show different patterns of response to each control. By growing in parallel a mutant strain with temperature-sensitive repressor ( glpR ts ) and an isogenic control with a deletion in the regulator gene at progressively higher temperatures, it was possible to show that the synthesis of aerobic G3P dehydrogenase ( glpD product) is far more sensitive to specific repression than that of either glycerol kinase ( glpK product) or G3P transport ( glpT product). Conversely, in the strain with a deletion in the regulator gene, the syntheses of glycerol kinase and G3P transport are more sensitive to catabolite repression than that of the aerobic G3P dehydrogenase. The levels of the two flavoprotein G3P dehydrogenases vary in opposite directions in response to changes of exogenous hydrogen acceptors. For example, the ratio of the aerobic enzyme to the anaerobic enzyme (specified by glpA ) is high when molecular oxygen or nitrate serves as the hydrogen acceptor and low when fumarate plays this role. This trend is not influenced by the addition of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate to the growth medium. Thus, respiratory repression most likely involves a third mechanism of control, independent of specific or catabolite repression.
Long-term Height Gain of Prematurely Born Children With Neonatal Growth Restraint: Parallellism With the Growth Pattern of Short Children Born Small for Gestational Age (2006)

Childhood growth and adult height were similar in very preterm small-for-gestational-age and preterm-growth-restraint children. These long-term findings further strengthen the plausibility of extending the small-for-gestational-age indication for growth hormone therapy in such a way that preterm-growth-restraint children are no longer excluded if they have a short stature persisting beyond the age of approximately 5 years.
Detection Systems for Airbag Deployment (2014)

The airbag enablement system in today’s automobiles is not ideal and may allow airbags to deploy when they should not. Weight sensors detect pressure when someone sits in a passenger seat, enabling the airbag to deploy if an accident occurs. This system is flawed. For example, if a heavy box is placed in a passenger seat, the airbag will be unnecessarily enabled. The goal of this research project was to determine if different sensors—not weight sensors or cameras—could be used to identify the occupant of an automobile seat.\nUsing a microchip programmed in C language, a circuit was designed with three sensors: ultrasonic range, passive infrared, and temperature. The temperature sensor was placed on an automobile seat to detect heat from occupant of the chair. The passive infrared sensor was positioned in front and above the seat to detect heat movement, and in order to detect the height of the occupant, the ultrasonic sensor was placed above the seat.\nThe sensors can conclusively determine whether the occupant is living or inanimate. The sensors cannot always determine if the occupant is specifically human or the age of the human.
Multiple potential germ-line helicases are components of the germ-line-specific P granules of  <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (1996)

Two components of the germ-line-specific P granules of the nematode Caenorhabditis elgans have been identified using polyclonal antibodies specific for each. Both components are putative germ-line RNA helicases (GLHs) that contain CCHC zinc fingers of the type found in the RNA-binding nucleocapsid proteins of retroviruses. The predicted GLH-1 protein has four CCHC fingers; GLH-2 has six. Both GLH proteins localize in the P granules at all stage of germ-line development. However, the two glh genes display different patterns of RNA and protein accumulation in the germ lines of hermaphrodites and males. Injection of antisense glh-1 or glh-2 RNA into wild-type worms causes some offspring to develop into sterile adults, suggesting that either or both genes are required for normal germ-line development. As these very similar glh genes physically map within several hundred kilobases of one another, it seems likely that they represent a fairly recent gene duplication event.
The Purkinje cell in olivopontocerebellar atrophy. A Golgi and immunocytochemical study (1994)

Purkinje cells were examined in three familial cases of olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) by means of the Golgi method, and neurofilament and calcium-binding protein immunocytochemistry. Reduced dendritic arborizations, as seen with different techniques, early formation of axonal spheroids, and abnormal accumulation of phosphorylated neurofilament epitopes in dendrites, somata and axonal spheroids, together with limited formation of proximal spine-like protrusions were the main changes in Purkinje cells. These lesions are unlikely to be the consequence of anterograde degeneration secondary to olivary atrophy, as postulated by some investigators, but probably represent primary damage to Purkinje cells in patients with OPCA. Reduced dendritic arborizations result in a decrease of receptor sites for parallel fibres and deprive granule cells of their main targets. Abnormal accumulation of neurofilaments in somata, dendrites and axonal spheroids may contribute to an abnormal transport and may impair protein turnover in the distal regions of Purkinje cells.
Plan d'action de reinstallation (2010)

The Agricultural Productivity Development Program in Mali (PAPAM) will focus on increasing agricultural production and productivity of key selected production systems, based on a sustainable land and water management. To achieve this objective, the proposed operation will address the bottlenecks to agriculture modernizations identified earlier (lack of productive infrastructures, low farmer productivity and lack of sector coordination) by working along the following axes: (i) investing in productive infrastructures and equipment (large and small scale irrigation); (ii) enhancing service provision to farmers (research, training, advisory services, financing, input supply, etc.); and, (iii) enabling the policy and institutional environment for productivity increase, while ensuring a stronger sector monitoring for better policy decision- making. It is not expected that activity funding cause negative effects among the populations that will benefit from the projects investments. In the separate document defining the environmental and social management framework, the projects potential environmental and social impacts have been identified. Nevertheless, the implementation in the long run of some sub-projects is likely to foster either displacements of people from the targeted areas and, eventually, land acquisitions in the targeted communities, or constraints on the access to resources. In order to alleviate such a risk, there has to be a clear resettlement/compensation policy indicating upstream the framework of investigation about all land acquisitions and of mitigation of the identified constraints.
Use of Skin Grafts in Repair of Cleft Palate to Improve Speech (1950)

THE ULTIMATE aim of surgery of the cleft palate is not only to close the defect but to establish normal speech. In the latter objective surgical repair frequently fails, even after adequate periods of speech therapy. In many cases this is due to the anterior pull of the contracting raw surfaces on the nasal side of the mucoperiosteal flap, which results in a short palate. When healing has occurred, the contracted scar tissue prevents the velum from closing the velopharyngeal sphincter, and so the patient's speech remains defective. Many ingenious methods have been devised to overcome this fault in the von Langenbeck operation. Advancement of the pharyngeal wall has been advocated and has been effected by such methods as vertical suturing of a transverse incision, 1 formation of pharyngeal flaps, 2 injection of paraffin 3 and insertion of cartilage, but in general these procedures either do not remain effective or