gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Credit card fraud detection using machine learning with integration of contextual knowledge (2019)

La détection de fraude par carte de crédit présente plusieurs caractéristiques qui en font une tâche difficile. Tout d'abord, les attributs décrivant une transaction ignorent les informations séquentielles. Deuxièmement, les comportements d'achat et les stratégies de fraude peuvent changer au fil du temps, rendant progressivement une fonction de décision apprise par un classifieur non pertinente. Nous avons effectué une analyse exploratoire afin de quantifier le dataset shift jour par jour et avons identifé des périodes calendaires qui ont des propriétés différentes au sein du jeu de données. La stratégie principale pour intégrer des informations séquentielles consiste à créer un ensemble d'attributs qui sont des statistiques descriptives obtenues en agrégeant les séquences de transactions des titulaires de carte. Nous avons utilisé cette méthode comme méthode de référence pour la détection des fraudes à la carte de crédit. Nous avons proposé une stratégie pour la création d'attributs basés sur des modèles de Markov cachés (HMM) caractérisant la transaction par différents points de vue afin d'intégrer un large spectre d'informations séquentielles au sein des transactions. En fait, nous modélisons les comportements authentiques et frauduleux des commerçants et des détenteurs de cartes selon deux caractéristiques univariées: la date et le montant des transactions. Notre approche à perspectives multiples basée sur des HMM permet un prétraitement automatisé des données pour modéliser les corrélations temporelles. Des expériences menées sur un vaste ensemble de données de transactions de cartes de crédit issu du monde réel (46 millions de transactions effectuées par des porteurs de carte belges entre mars et mai 2015) ont montré que la stratégie proposée pour le prétraitement des données basé sur les HMM permet de détecter davantage de transactions frauduleuses quand elle est combinée à la stratégie de prétraitement des données par aggrégations.
Dancing with the One That Brung Us - Why the Texas ADR Community Has Declined to Embrace the UMA (2003)

I readily acknowledge that the UMA is a bold and noble project, and it is certainly the result of substantial effort and compromise. Indeed, I largely concur with the sentiment of Philip Harter that "[tihe UMA is the product of heroic effort that brought together many interests and perspectives to thrash out a workable framework for mediation." That being said, however, much of the Texas mediation community, of which I am a part, has largely opposed enactment of the UMA's framework for our state. As I have written previously, the Alternative Dispute Resolution Section of the State Bar of Texas (Texas ADR Section) has publicly stated its opposition. Similarly, the Association of Attorney-Mediators (AAM) and the Texas Association of Mediators have registered their strong opposition. The primary concerns of these organizations relate to two principal areas: (1) the UMA drafters' approach to confidentiality in comparison to the long established legislative approach set forth in the Texas ADR Act, and (2) the relative complexity of the UMA's provisions. In this essay I will first address these two major areas of opposition. Then, I will turn to several ancillary concerns, followed by a brief discussion of certain other entities' objections. I then encourage the reader to consider the other contributors' responses to my viewpoints.
CT Findings of Chemotherapy-induced Toxicity: What Radiologists Need to Know about the Clinical and Radiologic Manifestations of Chemotherapy Toxicity (2010)

Cancer chemotherapy has evolved from cytotoxic agents and now includes several new agents that target specific molecules responsible for the regulation of cell growth, nutrient supply, and differentiation. These molecularly targeted therapies have a different mechanism of action than do classic cytotoxic agents, which predominantly attack rapidly proliferating cells. Not surprisingly, therefore, the toxicity of targeted and cytotoxic agents may differ in both clinical and radiologic presentation. Many of the toxicities of targeted therapies are not cumulative or dose dependent, some are asymptomatic, and others may first manifest radiologically. It is imperative that radiologists be aware of these toxicities and that they learn to recognize the relevant findings so that they can provide a complete differential diagnosis and thus play an important role in patient care.
Recursive least-squares sequence estimation (1994)

A family of adaptive communication receivers based on recursive least-squares sequence estimation (RLSSE) algorithms is proposed which provides performance comparable to that of conventional linear receivers, but with reduced complexity and less sensitivity to channel mismatch. A software-implemented version of the linear member of the family is shown to have performance equivalent to that of standard transversal equalizers under ideal conditions, yet offers a drastic improvement in white Gaussian noise mismatch environments. An analogous performance improvement for several test channels is also shown for software-implemented versions of the constrained (nonlinear) members of the family over decision feedback equalizers. Another advantage of the RLSSE family of receivers may be its ease of implementation, since it should be possible to combine the functions of channel estimation and sequence estimation on the same chip.
A quantum-limited optically-matched communication link (2002)

We propose and demonstrate a nearly optimum all-optically matched communication link with unsurpassed receiver sensitivities better than 0.5 dB from quantum-limited performance at 5 Gbps using an approach that can be extended to higher data rates. We have demonstrated record optical communication performance, less than 0.5 dB from quantum limited theory for optically preamplified OOK.
Calcium Influx Factor, Further Evidence It Is 5,6-Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acid (1999)

We present evidence in astrocytes that 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid, a cytochrome P450 epoxygenase metabolite of arachidonic acid, may be a component of calcium influx factor, the elusive link between release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and capacitative Ca2+ influx. Capacitative influx of extracellular Ca2+ was inhibited by blockade of the two critical steps in epoxyeicosatrienoic acid synthesis: release of arachidonic acid from phospholipid stores by cytosolic phospholipase A2 and cytochrome P450 metabolism of arachidonic acid. AAOCF3, which inhibits cytosolic phospholipase A2, blocked thapsigargin-stimulated release of arachidonic acid as well as thapsigargin-stimulated elevation of intracellular free calcium. Inhibition of P450 arachidonic acid metabolism with SKF525A, econazole, or N-methylsulfonyl-6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanamide, a substrate inhibitor of P450 arachidonic acid metabolism, also blocked thapsigargin-stimulated Ca2+ influx. Nano- to picomolar 5, 6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid induced [Ca2+]i elevation consistent with capacitative Ca2+ influx. We have previously shown that 5, 6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid is synthesized and released by astrocytes. When 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid was applied to the rat brain surface, it induced vasodilation, suggesting that calcium influx factor may also serve a paracrine function. In summary, our results suggest that 5,6-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid may be a component of calcium influx factor and may participate in regulation of cerebral vascular tone.
Characterization of responding cells in oxidative mitogen stimulation. II. Identification of an Ia-bearing adherent accessory cell. (1980)

Treatment of murine lymph node or spleen cells with anti-Ia serum and complement (C), depletes the subsequent proliferative response of the residual cells to the oxidative mitogen galactose oxidase (NaGO). Restoration of the mitogenic response could be achieved by the addition of adherent accessory cells prepared by a variety of techniques. Loosely adherent dendritic cells were the most efficient population of restoring cells. Treatment of adherent cells with anti-Ia serum and C removed their capacity for restoration. Restoration of the oxidative mitogen response to lymph node cells depeleted of adherent cells by passage over nylon wool and Sephadex columns was similar to restoration of Ia- depleted lymphocyte populations. Further NaGO-induced lymphocyte transformation requires an Ly-1+2+ T lymphocyte and an Ia-positive adherent accessory cell.
Reversal of cardiac dysfunction and subcellular alterations by metoprolol in heart failure due to myocardial infarction (2013)

In order to examine the reversibility of heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) by β-adrenoceptor blockade, 12 weeks infarcted rats were treated with or without metoprolol (50 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. The depressed left ventricular (LV) systolic pressure, positive and negative rates of changes in pressure development, ejection fraction, fractional shortening and cardiac output, as well as increased LV end-diastolic pressure in 20 weeks MI animals were partially reversed by metoprolol. MI-induced decreases in septum (systolic) thickness as well as increase in LV posterior wall thickness and LV internal diameter were partially or fully reversible by metoprolol. Treatment of MI animals with metoprolol partially reversed the elevated levels of plasma norepinephrine and dopamine without affecting the elevated levels of epinephrine. Although sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca(2+)-uptake, as well as protein content for SR Ca(2+)-pump and phospholamban, were reduced in the infarcted hearts; these changes were partially reversible with metoprolol. Depressed myofibrillar Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase activity, as well as mRNA levels for SR Ca(2+)-pump, phospholamban and α-myosin heavy chain, were unaffected whereas increased mRNA level for β-myosin heavy chain was partially reversed by metoprolol. The results suggest that partial improvement of cardiac performance by β-adrenoceptor blockade at advanced stages of heart failure may be due to partial reversal of changes in SR Ca(2+)-pump function whereas partial to complete reverse cardiac remodeling may be due to partial reduction in the elevated levels of plasma catecholamines.
A comparative cost function approach to edge detection (1989)

Edge detection is cast as a problem in cost minimization. The concept of an edge that is based on criteria such as accurate localization, thinness, continuity, and length is described. On the basis of this description, a comparative cost function that mathematically captures the intuitive idea of an edge is formulated. The function uses information from both image data and local edge structure in evaluating the relative quality of pairs of edge configurations. The function is a linear combination of weighted cost factors. Computation of the function is performed efficiently by organizing information in the form of a decision tree. Edges are detected using a heuristic iterative search algorithm based on the comparative cost function. The detection process can be implemented largely in parallel. The usefulness of this approach to edge detection is demonstrated by showing experimental results of detected edges for both real and synthetic images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biochemical properties of Streptococcus macedonicus strains isolated from Greek Kasseri cheese (2000)

A total of 32 Streptococcus macedonicus strains, isolated from Greek Kasseri cheese, were screened for biochemical properties of technological importance in milk fermentation processing, such as acid production, proteolytic and lipolytic activity, citrate metabolism, exopolysaccharide production, antimicrobial activity and biogenic amines production. All strains were found to be moderate acidifiers in milk. Only four strains could hydrolyse milk casein, while 11 strains showed lipolytic activity against tributyrin. Using amino acid derivatives of 4-nitroaniline as substrates, the highest peptidase activities were determined against phenylalanine- and glycine-proline-4-nitroanilide. Using fatty acid derivatives of 4-nitrophenol, it was shown that all strains exhibited esterase activities up to caprylate, with highest values against butyrate and caproate. Only one showed activity up to palmitate; this was also the most active strain against tributyrin. Five of the 32 strains could metabolize citrate but none of them produced exopolysaccharides. Nine strains displayed antimicrobial activity towards Clostridium tyrobutyricum, while no antimicrobial activity was detected against Listeria innocua and Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii. Finally, none was able to decarboxylize ornithine, histidine or lysine, and only four strains produced tyramine from tyrosine.
Formulation and Evaluation of Microspheres Based on Gelatin-Mucin Admixtures for the Rectal Delivery of Cefuroxime Sodium (2007)

Purpose: Swellable microspheres based on polymers or their admixtures are frequently employed as drug delivery systems to achieve a controlled release and site-specific targeting of the incorporated drug. The objective of the present study was to enhance the rectal delivery of cefuroxime sodium by entrapping it into water-swellable gelatin-mucin microspheres. Method: Cefuroxime sodium-loaded microspheres containing admixtures of gelatin and porcine mucin were prepared via an emulsification-crosslinking technique. The drug entrapment efficiency of the microspheres was evaluated in citrate/phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) while the swelling properties was evaluated in both simulated gastric fluid (SGF) without pepsin and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) without pancreatin (pH 1.2). Release of cefuroxime sodium from the microspheres was evaluated in vitro in SIF and further evaluated in vivo after rectal administration to male Wistar rats. Result: Results obtained showed that a high entrapment efficiency, most notably manifested in microspheres formulated with equal portions of gelatin and mucin, led to a high release (up to 85 %) and also a high bioavailability of the incorporated drug. Formulations based on varying portions of gelatin and mucin also showed high drug loading efficiency which also resulted in high drug release in SIF within 3 h. Drug release from the different formulations was observed to be rapid and generally showed a biphasic pattern. The mean AUC was shown to be formulation-dependent with values of 168±1.93µg.h/ml for the control, 262±3.47 µg.h/ml for microspheres based on gelatine only and 328±2.55 µg.h/ml for microspheres formulated with equal parts of gelatin and mucin. Conclusion: The inclusion of S-mucin in the composition of the microspheres has an enhancer effect on the release and rectal bioavailability of cefuroxime sodium which may be exploited in the design of a rectal delivery system of the drug. Keywords: Gelatin-mucin microspheres, cefuroxime sodium, rectal bioavailability. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research Vol. 6 (4) 2007: pp. 825-832
Advanced Virtual Reality Applications and Intelligent Agents for Construction Process Optimisation and Defect Prevention (2017)

Defects and errors in new or recently completed construction work continually pervade the industry. Whilst inspection and monitoring processes are established vehicles for their ‘control’, the procedures involved are often process driven, time consuming, and resource intensive. Paradoxically therefore, they can impinge upon the broader aspects of project time, cost and quality outcomes. Acknowledging this means appreciating concatenation effects such as the potential for litigation, impact on other processes and influence on stakeholders’ perceptions—that in turn, can impede progress and stifle opportunities for process optimisation or innovation. That is, opportunities relating to for example, logistics, carbon reduction, health and safety, efficiency, asset underutilisation and efficient labour distribution. This study evaluates these kinds of challenge from a time, cost and quality perspective, with a focus on identifying opportunities for process innovation and optimisation. It reviews—within the construction domain—state of the art technologies that support optimal use of artificial intelligence, cybernetics and complex adaptive systems. From this, conceptual framework is proposed for development of real-time intelligent observational platform supported by advanced intelligent agents, presented for discussion. This platform actively, autonomously and seamlessly manages intelligent agents (Virtual Reality cameras, Radio-Frequency Identification RFID scanners, remote sensors, etc.) in order to identify, report and document ‘high risk’ defects. Findings underpin a new ontological model that supports ongoing development of a dynamic, self-organised sensor (agent) network, for capturing and reporting real-time construction site data. The model is a ‘stepping stone’ for advancement of independent intelligent agents, embracing sensory and computational support, able to perform complicated (previously manual) tasks that provide optimal, dynamic, and autonomous management functions.
Data hiding of binary images using pair-wise logical computation mechanism (2005)

Due to the emergence of digital libraries and the fast development of multimedia, more and more people use data hiding techniques to hide annotations or side information in images. We propose a novel data hiding mechanism based on pair-wise logical computation. The proposed mechanism can achieve the benefits of reversible and lossless reconstruction of the hidden data and the host image without utilizing any information from the original host image. It does not degrade the visual quality of the recovered host image after extracting the hidden data. Moreover, satisfactory data hiding capacity can be obtained simultaneously. The proposed data hiding mechanism is suitable for applying to the data hiding of images, scanned texts, figures, and signatures, especially for side information and annotation data embedding
Comparative toxicity of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L. essential oil and blends of its major constituents against <i>Tetranychus urticae</i> Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) on two different host plants (2006)

Abstract Bioassays of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil and blends of its major constituents were conducted using host‐specific strains of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, on bean and tomato plants. Two constituents tested individually against a bean host strain and five constituents tested individually against a tomato host strain accounted for most of the toxicity of the natural oil. Other constituents were relatively inactive when tested individually. Toxicity of blends of selected constituents indicated a synergistic effect among the active and inactive constituents, with the presence of all constituents necessary to equal the toxicity of the natural oil. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
CCCLXXX.—The photochemical decomposition of aqueous formic acid solutions (1926)

A. J. Allmand and L. Reeve, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 2852 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262902852
Remote Heart Rate Measurement from Highly Compressed Facial Videos: an End-to-end Deep Learning Solution with Video Enhancement (2019)

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), which aims at measuring heart activities without any contact, has great potential in many applications (e.g., remote healthcare). Existing rPPG approaches rely on analyzing very fine details of facial videos, which are prone to be affected by video compression. Here we propose a two-stage, end-to-end method using hidden rPPG information enhancement and attention networks, which is the first attempt to counter video compression loss and recover rPPG signals from highly compressed videos. The method includes two parts: 1) a Spatio-Temporal Video Enhancement Network (STVEN) for video enhancement, and 2) an rPPG network (rPPGNet) for rPPG signal recovery. The rPPGNet can work on its own for robust rPPG measurement, and the STVEN network can be added and jointly trained to further boost the performance especially on highly compressed videos. Comprehensive experiments are performed on two benchmark datasets to show that, 1) the proposed method not only achieves superior performance on compressed videos with high-quality videos pair, 2) it also generalizes well on novel data with only compressed videos available, which implies the promising potential for real world applications.
Impedance Analysis of Blood Coagulation by Prothrombin Time Assay in a Miniature Device (2005)

In this paper, we present a microscale impedance-based technique for detecting different levels of blood plasma coagulation triggered by tissue factor thromboplastin. Impedance-based detection relies on measuring changes in the ac impedance between two electrodes due to the formation of favorably insoluble fibrin after treated with thromboplastin. Both gold and carbon parallel electrodes were tested and the optimum operating frequency for most sensitive coagulation detection was investigated. Micro fabricated gold electrodes could be used to detect the impedance difference between different levels of plasmas and the result was compared with optical measurement. A peculiar conductance maximum occurs at the optimal frequency for carbon electrodes and is a sensitive indicator of blood coagulation. Our optimized small electrode sensors are ideal for point-of-care applications.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
Dry electrodes for electrocardiography (2013)

Patient biopotentials are usually measured with conventional disposable Ag/AgCl electrodes. These electrodes provide excellent signal quality but are irritating for long-term use. Skin preparation is usually required prior to the application of electrodes such as shaving and cleansing with alcohol. To overcome these difficulties, researchers and caregivers seek alternative electrodes that would be acceptable in clinical and research environments. Dry electrodes that operate without gel, adhesive or even skin preparation have been studied for many decades. They are used in research applications, but they have yet to achieve acceptance for medical use. So far, a complete comparison and evaluation of dry electrodes is not well described in the literature. This work compares dry electrodes for biomedical use and physiological research, and reviews some novel systems developed for cardiac monitoring. Lastly, the paper provides suggestions to develop a dry-electrode-based system for mobile and long-term cardiac monitoring applications.
ICPL<i>Quant</i> – A software for non‐isobaric isotopic labeling proteomics (2009)

The main goal of many proteomics experiments is an accurate and rapid quantification and identification of regulated proteins in complex biological samples. The bottleneck in quantitative proteomics remains the availability of efficient software to evaluate and quantify the tremendous amount of mass spectral data acquired during a proteomics project. A new software suite, ICPLQuant, has been developed to accurately quantify isotope-coded protein label (ICPL)-labeled peptides on the MS level during LC-MALDI and peptide mass fingerprint experiments. The tool is able to generate a list of differentially regulated peptide precursors for subsequent MS/MS experiments, minimizing time-consuming acquisition and interpretation of MS/MS data. ICPLQuant is based on two independent units. Unit 1 performs ICPL multiplex detection and quantification and proposes peptides to be identified by MS/MS. Unit 2 combines MASCOT MS/MS protein identification with the quantitative data and produces a protein/peptide list with all the relevant information accessible for further data mining. The accuracy of quantification, selection of peptides for MS/MS-identification and the automated output of a protein list of regulated proteins are demonstrated by the comparative analysis of four different mixtures of three proteins (Ovalbumin, Horseradish Peroxidase and Rabbit Albumin) spiked into the complex protein background of the DGPF Proteome Marker.