gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative molecular weight distributions of <i>cis</i>‐polybenzoxazole/polyphosphoric acid rodlike liquid crystalline polymer solutions from dilute solution rheometry (1992)

Abstract The molecular weight for a dilute solution of cis ‐polybenzoxazole (PBO) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) was determined by fitting the rheological data with a semiempirical polydisperse hybrid theory. The hybrid theory models a semiflexible rigid rod as an elastic cylinder. The cylinder has both a rotational relaxation spectrum given by an ideal rigid rod and an internal bending relaxation spectrum spaced in accord with the relaxation time spectra of a flexible coil with fully developed hydrodynamic interactions. The model was fitted to rheological data collected for a 0.05 weight percent solution with intrinsic velocity (one‐point determination) of 320 ± 10 cc/g. The model predicts a number‐average molecular weight near 12800 ± 400 g/mol with a polydispersity index of 2.5 ± 0.1. By using the Yamakawa‐Yoshizaki equation the intrinsic viscosity is calculated for the model molecular weight distribution as 310 cc/g.
Limiting temporal and spectral resolution in spectroscopy and microscopy of coherent Raman scattering with chirped ultrashort laser pulses (2005)

Chirped ultrashort light pulses offer new options for coherent nonlinear spectroscopy and microscopy. We show here that the temporal resolution of spectroscopy and microscopy based on coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) can be smoothly tuned within a broad range, with upper and lower bounds of this range controlled by the pump and probe pulse durations. The spectral resolution of CARS spectroscopy and microscopy is analyzed as a function of the duration and chirp of the pump pulses. Pulses with a periodic phase modulation can provide the limiting spectral resolution of the CARS technique, corresponding to the lower bound of uncertainty in spectral measurements, dictated by the uncertainty principle.
Myeloid Dendritic Cells Stimulate Both Th1 and Th2 Immune Responses Depending on the Nature of the Antigen (2001)

It has been shown that different types of pathogens induce different immune responses. Recovery from intracellular bacterial and viral infection is dependent on the secretion of Th1 cytokines, such as interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and on the generation of cytotoxic T cells. In contrast, responses to some parasitic invaders are of the Th2 type, characterized by secretion of interleukin-4 (IL-4). At present, it is not clear what directs this choice, and the most prevalent hypotheses are based on the dendritic cells (DC). In this work, we studied the immune responses generated in mice to a number of antigens, both replicating and nonreplicating, using bone marrow-derived DC as vehicles for immunization. We demonstrate that DC infected with influenza virus prime for a pure Th1 response in vivo devoid of IL-4 induction. This immune response correlates with the induction of DC maturation by the virus. In contrast, nonreplicating antigens, such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), beta-galactosidase, or inactivated influenza virus, do not mature the DC and prime for responses characterized by the secretion of large amounts of IL-4. These data support the hypothesis that myeloid DC are capable of eliciting both types of responses depending on the nature of the antigen.
Histologic validation of myocardial fibrosis measured by T1 mapping: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2016)

The quantitative measurement of myocardial fibrosis via T1 mapping is associated with a favourable overall correlation with the myocardial biopsy measurements. Further studies are required to determine the calibration of the T1 mapping results for the biopsy findings of different cardiomyopathies.
Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor modulates dopaminergic deficits in a transgenic mouse model of Huntington's disease (2005)

Dysfunction of dopaminergic neurons may contribute to motor impairment in Huntington's disease. Here, we study the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in alterations of the nigrostriatal system associated with transgenics carrying mutant huntingtin. Using huntingtin-BDNF+/- double-mutant mice, we analyzed the effects of reducing the levels of BDNF expression in a model of Huntington's disease (R6/1). When compared with R6/1 mice, these mice exhibit an increased number of aggregates in the substantia nigra pars compacta. In addition, reduction of BDNF expression exacerbates the dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction seen in mutant huntingtin mice, such as the decrease in retrograde labelling of dopaminergic neurons and striatal dopamine content. However, mutant huntingtin mice with normal or lowered BDNF expression show the same decrease in the anterograde transport, number of dopaminergic neurons and nigral volume. In addition, reduced BDNF expression causes decreased dopamine receptor expression in mutant huntingtin mice. Examination of changes in locomotor activity induced by dopamine receptor agonists revealed that, in comparison with R6/1 mice, the double mutant mice exhibit lower activity in response to amphetamine, but not to apomorphine. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that the decreased BDNF expression observed in Huntington's disease exacerbates dopaminergic neuronal dysfunction, which may participate in the motor disturbances associated with this neurodegenerative disorder.
Brain Volume Changes in First-Episode Schizophrenia (2002)

The loss of global gray matter in schizophrenia is progressive, occurs at an early stage of the illness, and is related to the disease process and antipsychotic medication.
Update on the glutamatergic neurotransmitter system and the role of excitotoxicity in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2002)

Excitotoxicity may play a role in certain disorders of the motor system thought to be caused by environmentally acquired toxins, including lathyrism and domoic acid poisoning. Motor neurons appear to be particularly susceptible to toxicity mediated via alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA)-kainate receptors. There is a body of evidence implicating glutamatergic toxicity as a contributory factor in the selective neuronal injury occurring in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interference with glutamate-mediated toxicity is so far the only neuroprotective therapeutic strategy that has shown benefit in terms of slowing disease progression in ALS patients. Biochemical studies have shown decreased glutamate levels in central nervous system (CNS) tissue and increased levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ALS patients. CSF from ALS patients is toxic to neurons in culture, apparently via a mechanism involving AMPA receptor activation. There is evidence for altered expression and function of glial glutamate transporters in ALS, particularly excitatory amino acid transporter 2 (EAAT2). Abnormal splice variants of EAAT2 have been detected in human CNS. Mitochondrial dysfunction may contribute to excitotoxicity in ALS. Induction of neuronal nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 in ALS may also lead to significant interactions with regulation of the glutamate transmitter system. Certain features of motor neurons may predispose them to the neurodegenerative process in ALS, such as the cell size, mitochondrial activity, neurofilament content, and relative lack of certain calcium-binding proteins and molecular chaperones. Motor neurons appear vulnerable to toxicity mediated by calcium-permeable AMPA receptors. The relatively low expression of the glutamate receptor 2 (GluR2) AMPA receptor subunit and the high current density caused by the large number and density of cell surface AMPA receptors are potentially important factors that may predispose to such toxicity.
Design strategy of on-chip inductors for highly integrated RF systems (1999)

This paper describes a physical model for spiral inductors on silicon which is suitable for circuit simulation and layout optimization. Key issues related to inductor modeling such as skin effect and silicon substrate loss are discussed. An effective ground shield is devised to reduce substrate loss and noise coupling. A practical design methodology based on the trade-off between the series resistance and oxide capacitance of an inductor is presented. This method is applied to optimize inductors in state-of-the-art processes with multilevel interconnects. The impact of interconnect scaling, copper metallization and low-K dielectric on the achievable inductor quality factor is studied.
Phosphatase induction in roots of winter wheat during adaptation to phosphorus deficiency (1987)

The effect of phosphate supply during the first 4 weeks of the life cycle of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Martonvásári‐8) was investigated by following growth of seedlings, P levels in roots and shoots, changes of soluble phosphatases in roots and alteration of Ca 2+ ‐ and Mg 2+ ‐ATPase activity in the microsomal fraction. Plants were grown in complete nutrient solution supplemented with different levels of phosphate. Maximal growth rate was attained at 0.2 m M phosphate. The total P level in plants increased with increasing phosphate concentration in the growth solution, however, it decreased with age. Microsomal ATPase activity in 14‐day‐old plants increased with phosphorus deficiency. Using phosphocellulose column chromatography, a phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.2) induced by phosphorus deficiency was purified and partially characterized from the 30 000 g supernatant from roots of 14‐ to 30‐day‐old wheat plants. Na‐pyrophosphate, p ‐nitrophenylphosphate, ATP, ADP, AMP, O‐phosphoryl‐ l ‐serine and glucose‐6‐phosphate were all substrates for the enzyme. Its native molecular weight was 42 kDa as determined by Sephadex G‐200 column chromatography. Readdition of phosphate to the growth solution resulted in a gradual decrease of the phosphatase activity, probably due to repression of its synthesis. We hypothesize that the extra phosphatase may participate in the adaptation mechanism under phosphorus‐deficient conditions.
Comparative Safety of Antidepressant Agents for Children and Adolescents Regarding Suicidal Acts (2010)

Our finding of equal event rates among antidepressant agents supports the decision of the Food and Drug Administration to include all antidepressants in the black box warning regarding potentially increased suicidality risk for children and adolescents beginning use of antidepressants.
Simulation of X-ray imaging systems for luggage inspection (1995)

This thesis describes XL, an x-ray imaging simulator for luggage inspection. This software system runs on a workstation and models x-ray sources, x-ray detectors and objects between them. A simple graphical interface permits the user to specify simulation parameters and inputs. XL then uses Monte Carlo methods to simulate x-ray interaction with matter, including the photoelectric effect, coherent scattering, and incoherent scattering. Finally, XL can produce x-ray images which agree closely with experimental data obtained from a commercial luggage scanner. The simulator will be a valuable tool in the development of future x-ray scanners, particularly those designed to detect explosives in luggage.
Test liquids for quantitative MRI measurements of self-diffusion coefficient in vivo (2000)

A range of liquids suitable as quality control test objects for measuring the accuracy of clinical MRI diffusion sequences (both apparent diffusion coefficient and tensor) has been identified and characterized. The self-diffusion coefficients for 15 liquids (3 cyclic alkanes: cyclohexane to cyclooctane, 9 n-alkanes: n-octane to n-hexadecane, and 3 n-alcohols: ethanol to 1-propanol were measured at 15-30 degrees C using an NMR spectrometer. Values at 22 degrees C range from 0.36 to 2.2 10(-9) m(2)s(-1). Typical 95% confidence limits are +/-2%. Temperature coefficients are 1.7-3.2% degrees C. T1 and T2 values at 1.5 T and proton density are given. n-tridecane has a diffusion coefficient close to that of normal white matter. The longer n-alkanes may be useful T2 standards. Measurements from a spin-echo MRI sequence agreed to within 2%.
Die Technik des Radioimmunoassays (1976)

Abstract Biologisch aktive Substanzen sind oft bereits in Nanogramm‐ oder noch kleineren Mengen wirksam. Kenntnisse über ihre Wirkungsweise setzen daher hochempfindliche mikroanalytische Nachweismethoden voraus. Chemische, chromatographische oder spektrometrische Verfahren erwiesen sich häufig als zu unempfindlich; erst durch die Entdeckung des Radioimmunoassays (RIA) gelang die quantitative Bestimmung kleinster Substanzmengen in Gegenwart eines millionenfachen Überschusses an Fremdstoffen. Der Radioimmunoassay verbindet die hohe Nachweisempfindlichkeit radioaktiv markierter Substanzen mit der großen Spezifität immunologischer Reaktionen. Wegen ihrer Empfindlichkeit, Spezifität, einfachen Handhabung und insbesondere aufgrund der generellen Anwendbarkeit sind radioimmunologische Methoden anderen Analysenverfahren überlegen.
Regulation of Bovine Adipose Tissue Metabolism During Lactation. 6. Cellularity and Hormone-Sensitive Lipase Activity as Affected by Genetic Merit and Energy Intake (1990)

Subcutaneous adipose tissue cell size and density and hormone-sensitive lipase activity were determined during late pregnancy and first lactation in Holstein heifers. Animals were daughters of bulls with either +791 (high line) or +390 (low line) kg Predicted Difference (1974 base) for milk. Each line consumed either a 71%: 29% (high energy) or a 36%:63% (low energy) barley concentrate and alfalfa hay diet from 0 to 140 d lactation. Heifers fed the low energy ration ate 33% less NE1 and produced 20% less milk with 52.7% greater milk fat percentage during 28 to 140 d of lactation than heifers fed the high energy ration. Prepartum, animals of the high line had similar adipocyte volume and density to low line animals. However, during early lactation, high line animals had a greater decrease in volume and a larger increase in density than low line animals. There was a delayed recovery of volume in high line, compared with low line animals in late lactation. Adipocyte volume also was decreased by dietary energy restriction. Hormone-sensitive lipase activity was similar in both genetic lines prepartum and increased in all groups at 60 d postpartum. Animals of high line or fed low energy rations had increased activity per gram during early, but not later, lactation. Activity per cell and per milligram cytoplasm protein increased in all groups in early lactation and were highest in high line animals fed the low energy ration.
Chitosan composites for biomedical applications: Status, challenges and perspectives (2008)

Chitosan is a natural cationic copolymer of N-acetyl glucosamine and D-glucosamine, varying in composition, sequence and molecular chain length. Because of its bio- and cyto-compatibility, biodegradability and bioresorbability, chitosan has been investigated for application in various biomedical fields such as drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, wound healing, and for use in antimicrobial, antiviral and immunoadjuvant strategies. With the rise of nanotechnology, chitosan together with bioactive nanoparticles are fabricated into various bionanocomposites, providing alternatives to new era of regenerative medicine and drug delivery vesicles. The present paper will review the preparations and biomedical applications of such chitosan composites, their current achievements, limitations and future perspectives. In this respect, the effect of chitosan properties on the interaction with nanoparticles and its consequences for applicability of the resulting composites will be discussed.
Analysis of bph operon from the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading strain of Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes KF707. (1992)

The entire nucleotide sequences (6.8 kilobase pairs) of the bphABC genes and their products involved in the initial dioxygenation and ring-meta-cleavage of biphenyls and polychlorinated biphenyls were determined. The first bphA gene starts about a 100 base pairs downstream from the transcriptional initiation site. The bphA region, which encodes a cluster of enzymes including biphenyl dioxygenase catalyzing the initial catabolic step, consists of five open reading frames (ORFs). Five proteins corresponding to these ORFs in the molecular masses were detected by in vitro protein synthesis, of which four ORFs are very similar to the recently reported todC1C2BA genes coding for the corresponding enzymes catalyzing the initial dioxygenation reactions of toluene (Zylstra, G.J., and Gibson, D. T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 14940-14946). The third open reading frame (ORF3) of the bphA region, missing its counterpart in the toluene dioxygenase gene cluster, was site-specifically deleted, and the resulting enzymatically active mutant reveals that this ORF3 is not mandatory for the catabolism of biphenyls. Thus the biphenyl degradation pathway and the responsible enzymes/genes are very similar to those of toluene degradation despite their discrete substrate specificity.
The Structure of Inhoffen's Phenolic Steroids. I. Dehydrogenation<sup>1,2</sup> (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Structure of Inhoffen's Phenolic Steroids. I. Dehydrogenation1,2Andre S. Dreiding and Ann VoltmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 2, 537–539Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01631a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01631a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Slippage Degree Estimation Based on Reference Update of Vision-Based Tactile Sensor (2011)

In this paper, we propose a new slippage degree estimation method of a vision-based tactile sensor. The advantage of the vision-based tactile sensor is simultaneous acquisition of the slippage degree, a multidimensional force and a moment. A CCD camera captures the sensor surface which has regularly arrayed dots. The slippage degree on the sensor surface is determined by the stick ratio obtained from the displacements of dots in the captured images. In our previous work , the stick ratio was successfully applied to avoid slippage or the shape deformation of grasped objects. Based on the adaptive selection of the reference image and the compensation of the dot displacement, the proposed method in this study extends use of the previously developed algorithm, to dynamically complex but general situations as follows. First, the contact surface deforms after the macroscopic slippage or the slippage direction is changed. Second, the contact surface rotates with an applied moment. Third, the captured image is locally zoomed with a significant change of a grip force. A heuristic weighted average method is also proposed to decrease each dot's variation in the captured image. Usefulness of the proposed method is confirmed through experimental results.
Anti‐Carbohydrate Antibodies Elicited by Polyvalent Display on a Viral Scaffold (2007)

Tetra- and hexasaccharides were arrayed on the exterior surface of cowpea mosaic virus by using a copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. Inoculation of chickens with these virus conjugates gave rise to large quantities of polyclonal anti-glycan IgY antibodies that displayed excellent avidity and specificity on analysis with printed glycan microarrays. Avian IgY antibodies are produced in significantly higher yield than is possible for mouse or rabbit IgG, and exhibit reduced cross reactivity with native mammalian proteins. For a tri-LacNAc antigen, affinity purification against immobilized mono-LacNAc was necessary to provide a set of antibodies with specific binding properties. Comparable performance was observed for the virus-based polyclonal versus a commercial monoclonal antibody raised against the globo-H tetrasaccharide; this highlights the utility of the glycan microarray for both quality control and rapid in-depth analysis. Virus-carbohydrate conjugates are promising candidates for development in diagnostic and immunotherapeutic applications.
AN HERBICIDE (SULFOMETURON METHYL) RESISTANT MUTANT IN <i>PORPHYRIDIUM</i> (RHODOPHYTA)<sup>1</sup> (1989)

ABSTRACT The unicellular red alga Porphyridium sp. is, like many bacteria, fungi and higher plants, sensitive to the sulfonylurea herbicide sulfometuron methyl (SMM). However, the minimal inhibitory concentration for SMM in Porphyridium (55 μM) is higher than in green plants. We isolated a spontaneous SMM‐resistant mutant SMR1 of Porphyridium sp. by use of a double‐layered agar technique. The mutation frequency and the similarity of the mutant's morphology and growth patterns to the parent strain strongly suggest that SMR1 is a single gene mutation. The activity of the enzyme acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) in crude extracts of the mutant SMR1 is at least two orders of magnitude less sensitive to SMM than that of the parent strain, which indicates that AHAS is the target of SMM (as has been shown in a variety of organisms). We propose that such a mutation, the first isolated in a unicellular rhodophyte, would be a useful marker for genetic studies of Porphyridium. It may also be useful for maintaining unialgal cultures in large scale open ponds.
Reperfusion Is a More Accurate Predictor of Follow-Up Infarct Volume Than Recanalization (2009)

Our study provides evidence that reperfusion is a more accurate predictor of follow-up infarct volume in acute ischemic stroke patients than recanalization. We recommend an MTT reperfusion index >75% to assess therapy efficacy in future acute ischemic stroke trials that use perfusion-CT.
Understanding the characteristics of cellular data traffic (2012)

Because of rapidly growing subscriber populations, advances in cellular communication technology, increasingly capable user terminals, and the expanding range of mobile applications, cellular networks have experienced a significant increase in data traffic, the dominant part of which is carried by the http protocol. Understanding the characteristics of this traffic is important for network design, traffic modeling, resource planning and network control. In this study we present a comprehensive characterization study of mobile http-based traffic using packet level traces collected in a large cellular network. We analyze the traffic using metrics at packet level, flow level and session level. For each metric, we conduct a comparison between traffic from different applications, as well as comparison to traffic in a wired network. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings for better resource utilization in cellular infrastructures.