gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Biomedical Sensors for Flow Injection Potentiometric Determination of Creatinine in Human Serum (2005)

Abstract Coated‐wire (CW) and tubular (Tu) type membrane sensors for creatinine are developed. These consist of creatinine tungstophosphate(CTP), creatinine molybdophosphate (CMP) and creatinine picrolonate (CPC) ion‐pair complexes as electroactive materials dispersed in plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) matrix membranes. Electrochemical evaluation of these sensors under static (batch) mode of operation reveals near‐Nernstian response with slopes of 62.9, 58.1, and 55.2 mV decade −1 over the concentration range 1×10 −2 –5.0×10 −6 , 1×10 −2 –7.5×10 −5 , and 1×10 −2 −3.1×10 −5 mol L −1 . The lower detection limits are 0.39, 3.49, and 2.20 μg mL −1 creatinine with CTP, CMP and CPC membrane based sensors plasticized with o ‐NPOE, respectively. Tubular and coated wire CTP membrane sensors are incorporated in flow‐through cells and used as detectors for flow injection analysis (FIA) of creatinine. The intrinsic characteristics of the detectors under hydrodynamic mode of operation in a low dispersion manifold are determined and compared with data obtained under static mode of operation. With 10 −2 mol L −1 phosphate buffer of pH 4.5 as a carrier solution, the tubular and coated wire CTP detectors exhibit rapid response of 58.9 and 50.7 mV decade −1 over the concentration range 1×10 −2 –1×10 −5 mol L −1 and detection limits of 0.39 μg mL −1 and 0.85 μg mL −1 , respectively. Validation of the assay methods with the proposed sensors by measuring the lower detection limit, range, accuracy, precision, repeatability and between‐day‐variability reveals good performance characteristics confirming applicability for continuous determination of creatinine. The sensors are used for determining creatinine in human blood serum at an input rate of 40 samples per hour. No interferences are caused by creatine, most common anions, cations and organic species normally present in biological fluids. The results favorably compare with data obtained using the standard spectrophotometric method.
Forced Displacement Detrimental to the Health of Children in Colombia (2014)

Colombia has the highest number of internally displaced refugees in the world after Syria. The decade-long ongoing armed conflict between the Colombian police and the armed forces, paramilitaries, and guerilla groups has caused 5.7 million people—more than ten percent of the population—to flee their homelands. Many of them are women and children, driven off their lands, in most cases, to the misery of precarious living conditions and poor hygiene in destitute urban districts. A study by DIW Berlin shows that this forced displacement is detrimental to the health of children in Colombia, with displaced infants and toddlers, for example, suffering from malnou¬rishment more frequently than non-displaced children of the same age group. Parents from displaced households also perceived their children’s state of health to be considerably worse. In addition, their probable lack of health insurance hampers access to health services and medicine.
The influence of ozone on atmospheric emissions of gaseous elemental mercury and reactive gaseous mercury from substrates (2005)

Experiments were performed to investigate the effect of ozone (O3) on mercury (Hg) emission from a variety of Hg-bearing substrates. Substrates with Hg(II) as the dominant Hg phase exhibited a 1.7 to 51-fold increase in elemental Hg (Hgo) flux and a 1.3 to 8.6-fold increase in reactive gaseous mercury (RGM) flux in the presence of O3-enriched clean (50 ppb O3; 8 substrates) and ambient air (up to ∼70 ppb O3; 6 substrates), relative to clean air (oxidant and Hg free air). In contrast, Hgo fluxes from two artificially Hgo-amended substrates decreased by more than 75% during exposure to O3-enriched clean air relative to clean air. Reactive gaseous mercury emissions from Hgo-amended substrates increased immediately after exposure to O3 but then decreased rapidly. These experimental results demonstrate that O3 is very important in controlling Hg emissions from substrates. The chemical mechanisms that produced these trends are not known but potentially involve heterogenous reactions between O3, the substrate, and Hg. Our experiments suggest they are not homogenous gas-phase reactions. Comparison of the influence of O3 versus light on increasing Hgo emissions from dry Hg(II)-bearing substrates demonstrated that they have a similar amount of influence although O3 appeared to be slightly more dominant. Experiments using water-saturated substrates showed that the presence of high-substrate moisture content minimizes reactions between atmospheric O3 and substrate-bound Hg. Using conservative calculations developed in this paper, we conclude that because O3 concentrations have roughly doubled in the last 100 years, this could have increased Hgo emissions from terrestrial substrates by 65–72%.
zhu jian que xian fen xi ji shu jiang zuo di qi jiang sha zhi zhu jian que xian (1998)

铸件材料和加工过程不当都有可能在铸件上出现缺陷,铸件以外的铸型控制不当也会在铸件上出现缺陷,已讨论的铸件尺寸误差、粗糙度、夹砂和粘砂,都属于砂型或砂子有问题,故称为砂致铸件缺陷(Sand-Related casting Defects)下一讲要谈到的渣致缺陷(Slag Related Casting Defects)是铸件金属以外熔渣不良造成的铸件缺陷。 砂致铸件缺陷内容包括: 粘砂、夹砂、冲砂、砂眼、脉纹、型壁移动或胀砂。 1、胀砂
A 2.7 V 200 kHz 49 dBm-IIP3 28 nV/√Hz input-referred-noise fully-balanced gm-C filter IC (2002)

A 0.1 dB passband-ripple 4th-order Chebyshev gm-C filter is fabricated using a BiCMOS process with n-p-n f/sub T/,of 12 GHz and CMOS minimum gate length of 0.8 /spl mu/m. CMOS transistors are used in D-to-A converters for DC offset cancellation. The 5/spl times/5 mm/sup 2/ chip includes I/Q filters, D-to-A converters and a bias circuit. The silicon active area for the filter is about 1.2 mm/sup 2//channel. The filter operates at 2.7 V and consumes 11.5 mA/channel.
Passive Therapeutic Gardens: A Study on an Inpatient Geriatric Ward (2003)

A brief history of the link between horticultural activities and care of patients, particularly psychiatric patients, is reviewed in this article. Past research on both passive and active garden activities is examined in terms of physical and psychological benefits to patients. A passive garden intervention on an inpatient geriatric ward is described. Participants in this study were patients on a geriatric inpatient ward in a mid-sized regional hospital in New Zealand. Behavioral observations of patient movement on the ward were used to demonstrate the effects on patient behavior in response to the presence of the conservatory garden. Results showed a positive reaction to the conservatory, which was maintained 6 months after the initial plants were installed. The benefits of such garden installations are discussed, and areas for further research are outlined. Procedures, ethical concerns, and practical considerations of setting up such a conservatory on an inpatient ward are discussed.
Resistance to photoinhibition of photosystem II and catalase and antioxidative protection in high mountain plants (1997)

ABSTRACT In leaves of three alpine high mountain plants, Homogyne alpina, Ranunculus glacialis and Soldanella alpina , both photosystem II (PSII) and the enzyme catalase appeared to he highly resistant to photoinactivation under natural field conditions. While the Dl protein of PSII and catalase have a rapid turnover in light and require continuous new protein synthesis in non‐adapted plants, little apparent photoinactivation of PSII or catalase was induced in the alpine plants by translation inhibitors or at low temperature, suggesting that turnover of the Dl protein and catalase was slow in these leaves. In vitro PSII was rapidly inactivated in light in isolated thylakoids from H. alpina and R. glacialis. In isolated intact chloroplasts from R. glacialis , photoinactivation of PSII was slower than in thylakoids. Partially purified catalase from R. glacialis and S. alpina was as sensitive to photoinactivation in vitro as catalases from other sources. Catalase from H. alpina had, however, a 10‐fold higher stability in light. The levels of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids, of the antioxidants ascorbate and glulathione, and of the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase were very high in S. alpina , intermediate in H. alpina , but very low in R. glacialis. However, isolated chloroplasts from all three alpine species contained much higher concentrations of ascorbate and glutathione than chloroplasts from lowland plants.
Modeling an autism risk factor in mice leads to permanent immune dysregulation (2012)

Increasing evidence highlights a role for the immune system in the pathogenesis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), as immune dysregulation is observed in the brain, periphery, and gastrointestinal tract of ASD individuals. Furthermore, maternal infection (maternal immune activation, MIA) is a risk factor for ASD. Modeling this risk factor in mice yields offspring with the cardinal behavioral and neuropathological symptoms of human ASD. In this study, we find that offspring of immune-activated mothers display altered immune profiles and function, characterized by a systemic deficit in CD4(+) TCRβ(+) Foxp3(+) CD25(+) T regulatory cells, increased IL-6 and IL-17 production by CD4(+) T cells, and elevated levels of peripheral Gr-1(+) cells. In addition, hematopoietic stem cells from MIA offspring exhibit altered myeloid lineage potential and differentiation. Interestingly, repopulating irradiated control mice with bone marrow derived from MIA offspring does not confer MIA-related immunological deficits, implicating the peripheral environmental context in long-term programming of immune dysfunction. Furthermore, behaviorally abnormal MIA offspring that have been irradiated and transplanted with immunologically normal bone marrow from either MIA or control offspring no longer exhibit deficits in stereotyped/repetitive and anxiety-like behaviors, suggesting that immune abnormalities in MIA offspring can contribute to ASD-related behaviors. These studies support a link between cellular immune dysregulation and ASD-related behavioral deficits in a mouse model of an autism risk factor.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in corneal neovascularization of rats (2005)

Objective To study the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in corneal neovascularization after cautery with alkali. Methods Corneal neovascularization was induced by NaOH cauterizing the surface of cornea in 40 rats. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed a gradual development of corneal neovascularization.Animals were grouped and sacrificed at 1 d,4 d,7 d,14 d,21 d after CNV respectively.The corneas were enucleated for histopathological examination;Polymorphonuclear leukocyte(PMN) was counted;The expressions of VEGF was studied by immunohistochemistry,and the results was analyzed by picture quantitative analysis techniques.Results The histopathological study showed the number of PMNs was 0.500±0.629 in the untreated corneal group.PMNs increased gradually and were the highest in CNV 7 d group and began to decrease after 7 days;Immunohistochemistry demonstrated:the positive expression of VEGF in CNV progressed gradually,and involved the entire cornea on the 7 days post-treatment.After 7 days the expression decreased following the decrease of inflammatory cells,however,21 days post treatment the positive expression was not found.Conclusion The positive expression of VEGF in CNV increases gradually,and is paralleled with the corneal inflammatory reaction.Furthermore PMNs may play key roles in CNV.
Detailed characterization of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in two distinct human solid malignancies show phenotypic similarities (2014)

<h3>Background</h3> We examined the phenotype and function of lymphocytes collected from the peripheral blood (PBL) and tumor (TIL) of patients with two different solid malignancies: colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) and ovarian cancer (OVC). <h3>Methods</h3> Tumor and corresponding peripheral blood were collected from 16 CRLM and 22 OVC patients; immediately following resection they were processed and analyzed using a multi-color flow cytometry panel. Cytokine mRNA from purified PBL and TIL CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells were also analyzed by qPCR. <h3>Results</h3> Overall, we found similar changes in the phenotypic and cytokine profiles when the TIL were compared to PBL from patients with two different malignancies. The percentage of Treg (CD4<sup>+</sup>/CD25<sup>+</sup>/FoxP3<sup>+</sup>) in PBL and TIL was similar: 8.1% versus 10.2%, respectively in CRLM patients. However, the frequency of Treg in primary OVC TIL was higher than PBL: 19.2% versus 4.5% (p <0.0001). A subpopulation of Treg expressing HLA-DR was markedly increased in TIL compared to PBL in both tumor types, CRLM: 69.0% versus 31.7% (p = 0.0002) and OVC 74.6% versus 37.0% (p <0.0001), which suggested preferential Treg activation within the tumor. The cytokine mRNA profile showed that IL-6, a cytokine known for its immunosuppressive properties through STAT3 upregulation, was increased in TIL samples in patients with OVC and CRLM. Both TIL populations also contained a significantly higher proportion of activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells (HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>/CD38<sup>+</sup>) compared to PBL (CRLM: 30.2% vs 7.7%, (p = 0.0012), OVC: 57.1% vs 12.0%, (p <0.0001)). <h3>Conclusion</h3> This study demonstrates that multi-color flow cytometry of freshly digested tumor samples reveals phenotypic differences in TIL vs PBL T cell sub-populations. The TIL composition in primary and metastatic tumors from two distinct histologies were remarkably similar, showing a greater proportion of activated/suppressive Treg (HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>, CD39<sup>+</sup>, CTLA-4<sup>+</sup> and Helios<sup>+</sup>) and activated cytotoxic T cells (CD8<sup>+</sup>/HLA-DR<sup>+</sup>/CD38<sup>+</sup>) when compared to PBL and an increase in IL-6 mRNA from CD4 TIL.
A new class of nonlinear filters for image enhancement (1991)

Two types of very simple two-dimensional nonlinear filters are introduced and applied to image contrast enhancement. The first type is based on a generalization of the Teager's algorithm. A theoretical analysis has shown that this type of nonlinear filter works like a local-mean-weighted highpass filter. Based on this analysis, a second type of nonlinear filter has been developed which works like local-mean-weighted bandpass filter. The proposed image contrast enhancement technique is based on combining the original image with its filtered version obtained using one of the two nonlinear filters. Very high quality enhancement has been achieved for natural images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RNA Biomarkers of Parkinson‘s Disease: Developing Tools For Novel Therapies (2008)

By 2030 the number of individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) will nearly double to approximately 9.3 million because of aging populations. No medications have been approved that address the progressive neurodegeneration that underlies the disease and existing symptomatic treatments are only partially effective. Reliance on insensitive and confounded clinical assessments has obstructed the development of novel therapeutics designed to prevent, delay or slow the disease. While PD symptoms reflect preferential neuronal death, DNA, RNA and biochemical traits of the disease are detectable in blood cells. To systematically search for lead RNA biomarkers of PD, genome-wide expression changes in the blood of patients with early-stage PD and controls have been probed by microarray. This scan identified a candidate gene signature, as well as lead single gene biomarkers associated with PD. Efforts are underway to refine and develop these hits into biomarkers that will enable risk-modifying therapies. This development process will progress through discovery, cross-sectional and prospective clinical biomarker studies, to Phase III clinical trials.
Effects of KW-3902, an Adenosine A1-Receptor Antagonist, on Ascites Volume in Puromycin Aminonucleoside (PAN)-Induced Nephrotic Rats (1995)

We investigated the effects of KW-3902 (8-(noradamantan-3-yl)-1,3-dipropylxanthine), a potent adenosine A1-receptor antagonist, on the nephrotic edema induced by puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN; 100 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats. The treatment with PAN decreased urine volume and urinary excretions of sodium and potassium, resulting in the ascites formation in 7 days. In rats with the nephrosis, KW-3902 (0.01-1 mg/kg/day for 3 days, p.o.) showed diuretic effects and reduced the volume of ascites, as was the case with furosemide (30 mg/kg/day) and trichlormethiazide (1 mg/kg/day). These results suggest that even in the nephrotic state, the adenosine A1-receptor antagonist can be an effective diuretic to ameliorate edema.
Optimal digital feedback control systems counting computation time of control laws (1985)

Since microprocessors are easily obtained, multivariable control theory can be applied to many practical control problems, for example control of robots. However, when the time constant of the plant is short and the dynamic order of the plant is high, the time delay due to the computation time of the control law cannot be neglected. In this paper, the author proposes design methods for linear optimal regulators and linear optimal servosystems in which the delay arising from the computation time of the processors is counted properly. From the theoretical point of view, the results are interesting since all the control laws derived in this paper are obtained using only conventional results of optimal regulator theory.
Joint audio-video processing for biometric speaker identification (2003)

We present a bimodal audio-visual speaker identification system. The objective is to improve the recognition performance over conventional unimodal schemes. The proposed system exploits not only the temporal and spatial correlations existing in the speech and video signals of a speaker, but also the cross-correlation between these two modalities. Lip images extracted from each video frame are transformed onto an eigenspace. The obtained eigenlip coefficients are interpolated to match the rate of the speech signal and fused with Mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) of the corresponding speech signal. The resulting joint feature vectors are used to train and test a hidden Markov model (HMM) based identification system. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the system performance.
Expression of attachment proteins during cementogenesis. (1990)

There is general agreement that during development the extracellular environment plays a critical role in controlling cell differentiation. Data generated from numerous studies support the possibility that cell attachment proteins and their corresponding cell receptors are possible candidates for this role. In particular, our studies are directed at identifying attachment proteins in mature cementum and establishing the function of these proteins during root formation. Fractionation of guanidine HCL/EDTA extracts of cementum revealed the presence of a bone-associated attachment, BSP, as well as fractions containing as of yet undetermined attachment proteins. Immunofluorescent examination of 1st molar tissues during root formation, obtained from 7 day-old mice neonates, for bone-associated attachment proteins indicated that osteopontin is expressed in the area of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath, but not in the region of the dental papillae. However, dental papillae cells, considered to have the capacity to form cementum, attached to osteopontin coated dishes, in vitro. Thus, unique attachment proteins, as well as those previously identified, were found in mature cementum and during root development. Future studies focused on identifying attachment proteins of mature cementum and determining the spatial and temporal localization of these proteins, pre- and post-cementogenesis, will provide important information necessary for establishing the function of these proteins during root development.
A self-aligned vertical comb-drive actuator on an SOI wafer for a 2D scanning micromirror (2004)

A self-aligned vertical comb-drive actuator for a two-axis tilt scanning micromirror is presented. Self-alignment between moving and fixed fingers is essential in order to avoid lateral instability leading to an in-plane rotational pull-in during an actuation. Multilayered masking films have been utilized to fabricate the self-aligned comb fingers. To generate high electrostatic torque, high-aspect ratio comb-drive actuators with 40 µm thick fingers have been realized on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer utilizing deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) technology. A delay-mask process (DMP) was employed in an etching step of a silicon device layer to assist etching of a buried oxide (BOX) layer at the bottom of narrow (5 µm) and deep (40 µm) silicon trenches. The DC mechanical scan angles of the actuators employed in the two-axis tilt, gimbal-configured micromirror were measured as ±2.1° at 48 V around an inner axis and ±1.8° at 44 V around an outer axis, respectively. The fabricated micromirror with a mirror area of 1 mm × 1 mm has mechanical resonant frequencies of 1.2 kHz around the inner axis (a mirror only) and 0.9 kHz around the outer axis (a frame and the mirror), respectively.
Fabrication of microphotonic waveguide components on silicon (2007)

This thesis reports on the development of silicon-based microphotonic waveguide components, which are targeted in future optical telecommunication networks. The aim of the work was to develop the fabrication of silicon microphotonics using standard clean room processes which enable high volume production. The waveguide processing was done using photolithography and etching. The default waveguide structure was the rib-type, with the waveguide thickness varying from 2 to 10 µm. Most of the work was done with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, in which the waveguide core was formed of silicon. However, the erbium-doped waveguides were realised using aluminium oxide grown with atomic layer deposition. In the multi-step processing, the basic SOI rib waveguide structure was provided with additional trenches and steps, which offers more flexibility to the realisation of photonic integrated circuits.\n\nThe experimental results included the low propagation loss of 0.13 and 0.35 dB/cm for SOI waveguides with 9 and 4 µm thicknesses, respectively. The first demonstration of adiabatic couplers in SOI resulted in optical loss of 0.5 dB/coupler and a broad spectral range. An arrayed waveguide grating showed a total loss of 5.5 dB. The work with SOI waveguides resulted also in a significant reduction of bending loss when using multi-step processing. In addition, a SOI waveguide mirror exhibited optical loss below 1 dB/90° and a vertical taper component between 10 and 4 µm thick waveguides had a loss of 0.7 dB. A converter between a rib and a strip SOI waveguides showed a negligible loss of 0.07 dB. In the Er-doped Al2O3 waveguides a strong Er-induced absorption was measured. This indicates potential for amplification applications, once a more uniform Er doping profile is achieved.