gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Die Chemie der Enoläther (1969)

Abstract Enoläther (Vinyläther) stehen in ihrem Reaktionsverhalten zwischen Olefinen und Enaminen. In diesem Aufsatz wird eine Übersicht über die Reaktionen gegeben, die zu einer Bindungsknüpfung am β‐C‐Atom der Enoläther führen; unberücksichtigt bleiben dabei Polymerisationen und Additionen acider HX‐Verbindungen.
Restoration of protected Top k Multi Keyword over Encrypted Cloud Data (2015)

Exhaustive investigation demonstrates that proposed arrangement appreciates as-solid as could be expected under the circumstances security surety contrasted with past SSE plans, while effectively understanding the objective of watchword hunt. Far reaching exploratory results exhibit the proficiency of the proposed agreement.
Early Clinical Experience with the Syracuse I-Plate: An Anterior Spinal Fixation Device (1988)

Sixteen patients were treated with a new anterior internal fixation device after thoracolumbar or lumbar decompression, and fusion with bone grafting. Ten patients had acute burst fractures, four had metastatic tumors, and two had old, healed fractures with deformity. In the acute fracture group, eight patients had neurologic deficits and seven patients experienced improvement. Six patients had lesions of the conus medullaris, all of which improved. The four patients with metastatic tumors underwent surgery for back and leg pain and all gained significant relief. Two patients had correction of old fracture deformity with satisfactory outcome. Complications were minimal. The new anterior stabilization device provided early stability, allowed early patient mobilization, was easy to insert, and has a low profile. Late collapse, non-union, and kyphotic deformity have not been noted thusfar.
The relationship between cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP) detection and estimated audibility in infants with sensorineural hearing loss (2012)

Our results suggest that the presence/absence of CAEP responses defined by the automatic statistical criterion was effective in showing whether increased sensation levels provided by amplification were sufficient to reach the cortex. This was clearly apparent from the significant increase in cortical detections when comparing unaided with aided testing.
Consequences of personal teaching metaphors for teacher identity and practice (2016)

Past research has clearly indicated that teachers’ metaphors can serve as a framework that moves our understanding of teaching forward by making more explicit the intuitive knowledge teachers hold about themselves, their classrooms, and their practice. Making explicit how metaphors uncover the understandings that guide the practices of in-service teachers, individually and collectively, can provide insight into the assumptions they hold about teaching and teaching practice. The purpose of this study was to explore how in-service teachers’ self-constructed metaphors revealed their perceptions of their roles, obligations, and assumptions about teaching and learning, and consider the implications of such exploration for teacher education and development. The four experienced teachers who participated in this study constructed personal teaching metaphors for which they provided an explanation. Analysis of the metaphors using positioning theory provided evidence that teaching metaphors capture the individual identity and specify the plotlines of teaching and the obligations, duties, and responsibilities of the teacher as well as the role of the teacher and others in the teacher’s practice. We found that each metaphor brought elements of identity and teaching practice together in unique and divergent ways. A subsequent cross-case analysis revealed common discourses of teaching: responsibility, nurturing, and caring, and teacher and student learning. Both the individual and cross-case analysis suggest the potential value of metaphor work for informing teacher education and professional development to advise teachers, teacher educators, school leaders, and policy makers.
Revisiting the Linear Programming Relaxation Approach to Gibbs Energy Minimization and Weighted Constraint Satisfaction (2009)

We present a number of contributions to the LP relaxation approach to weighted constraint satisfaction (= Gibbs energy minimization). We link this approach to many works from constraint programming, which relation has so far been ignored in machine vision and learning. While the approach has been mostly considered only for binary constraints, we generalize it to n-ary constraints in a simple and natural way. This includes a simple algorithm to minimize the LP-based upper bound, n-ary max-sum diffusion-however, we consider using other bound-optimizing algorithms as well. The diffusion iteration is tractable for a certain class of high-arity constraints represented as a black box, which is analogical to propagators for global constraints CSP. Diffusion exactly solves permuted n-ary supermodular problems. A hierarchy of gradually tighter LP relaxations is obtained simply by adding various zero constraints and coupling them in various ways to existing constraints. Zero constraints can be added incrementally, which leads to a cutting-plane algorithm. The separation problem is formulated as finding an unsatisfiable subproblem of a CSP.
Arylation of Phenols. Convenient, Regiospecific Methods for Mono- or Bis-<i>p</i>-fluorophenylations, Suitable for Large Scale Syntheses (1990)

Phenols have been arylated by a palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling reaction. Two methods were used: a Grignard reagent of a protected phenol component 2 was coupled with a haloarene, or an umpolung (reversed reactivity) where unprotected phenolic halides 6 were coupled with aryl Grignard reagents. Bis-arylation and regiospecific ortho-, meta- and para-arylations were achieved. Aryl-aryl couplings were insensitive to steric hindrance in the Grignard component, but were inhibited by sulfur-containing substituents in the phenolic component. A thiocyanate substituted biaryl was used to synthesize arylated phenols with various sulfur functionalities.
<i>Relativistic Quantum Mechanics</i> (1965)

In this text the authors develop a propagator theory of Dirac particles, photons, and Klein-Gordon mesons and per- form a series of calculations designed to illustrate various useful techniques and concepts in electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. these include defining and implementing the renormalization program and evaluating effects of radia- tive corrections, such as the Lamb shift, in low-order calculations. The necessary background for the book is pro- vided by a course in nonrelativistic quantum mechanics at the general level of Schiff's text, QUANTUM MECHANICS.
Residual bilinearization. Part 2: Application to HPLC—diode array data and comparison with rank annihilation factor analysis (1990)

Abstract The partial least squares–residual bilinearization (PLS–RBL) approach to background correction presented in Part 1 of this work is demonstrated with an example from HPLC with diode array detection. Data are also evaluated with generalized rank annihilation factor analysis (GRAFA) and results are compared.
Low power carbon dioxide laser induced chemistry of sulfur hexafluoride sensitized diborane (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow power carbon dioxide laser induced chemistry of sulfur hexafluoride sensitized diboraneClyde Riley, Romas Shatas, and Lon OppCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 2, 460–463Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50192a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50192a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Silicon Nitride Nanopillars and Nanocones Formed by Nickel Nanoclusters and Inductively Coupled Plasma Etching for Solar Cell Application (2009)

The external quantum efficiency of solar cells can be improved by using textured surface with minimum reflection. We have fabricated nanopillars and nanocone structures on silicon nitride surface by means of self-assembled nickel nano particle masks with single step inductively coupled plasma (ICP) ion etching and double step ICP etching, respectively. Thus, sub-wavelength nanopillar and nanocone-like structures displaying low reflectance were obtained readily without the need for any lithography equipment. The formation mechanism of nanopillar and nanocone like structures fabricated on silicon nitride surface has been discussed. The relationship of etching time with structure height and average reflectance spectra has been drawn.
Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology (1994)

No abstract available.
INTERFERENCE CANCELATION IN ULTRASONIC SENSOR ARRAYS BY STOCHASTIC CODING AND ADAPTIVE FILTERING (1998)

Interference between sensors is a serious problem when ultrasonic sensor arrays are used to monitor and to explore the environment. In ultrasonic sensor arrays operating in the pulse-echo mode, the transmitters usually are excited serially by time division multiplexing. The repetition rate of the entire system is limited by the time of flight (TOF) of the pulses. For in-room applications, the TOF is in the order of 10 ms up to 100 ms due to multiple reflections. Thus, the repetition rate of an array of only 4 sensors would be in the order of 40 ms to 400 ms. Inter- ference with signals from other ultrasonic sensor systems poses additional problems, e.g., if several robots are ope- rating in the same area. - In this paper a method for inter- ference cancelation is presented and experimentally verified. Ultrasonic sensors are excited simultaneously in order to accelerate the repetition. We use stochastic coding of the transmitted signals and adaptive filtering of the received signal to avoid both, interference of the sensors in the array and interference with other ultrasonic sensor systems.
Inferring Parameters and Structure of Latent Variable Models by Variational Bayes (2013)

Current methods for learning graphical models with latent variables and a fixed structure estimate optimal values for the model parameters. Whereas this approach usually produces overfitting and suboptimal generalization performance, carrying out the Bayesian program of computing the full posterior distributions over the parameters remains a difficult problem. Moreover, learning the structure of models with latent variables, for which the Bayesian approach is crucial, is yet a harder problem. In this paper I present the Variational Bayes framework, which provides a solution to these problems. This approach approximates full posterior distributions over model parameters and structures, as well as latent variables, in an analytical manner without resorting to sampling methods. Unlike in the Laplace approximation, these posteriors are generally non-Gaussian and no Hessian needs to be computed. The resulting algorithm generalizes the standard Expectation Maximization algorithm, and its convergence is guaranteed. I demonstrate that this algorithm can be applied to a large class of models in several domains, including unsupervised clustering and blind source separation.
Mode of Straining Saws by Atmospheric Pressure. (1855)

Patent for the improvement of the reciprocating saw by simplifying the arrangement of cylinders, pipes, and exhaust pumps to produce the necessary vacuum, including illustration.
Cytokine Response after Stimulation with Key Commensal Bacteria Differ in Post-Infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS) Patients Compared to Healthy Controls (2015)

PI-IBS patients differ from HC with regard to cytokine release ex vivo after stimulation with selected commensal bacteria. Hence, our results support that the pathogenesis of PI-IBS comprises an altered immune response against commensal gut microbes.
Photonic Crystal Fibre for Dispersion Controll (2010)

The idea to prepare photonic crystal fibres (PCF) as their name show, goes back to the birth of photonic crystals. The ability to tailor structures on the micro and nano scale range, in the late 1980s, provided the opportunity to investigate the relation between the structure of matter and light. Three dimensional photonic crystal structures are periodic, dielectric structures in which light may behave similar way as electron waves in a crystal lattice: under suitable circumstances, the periodic potential presented by the crystal may open up a frequency band in which the propagation of electron waves with certain energies are prohibited. This frequency band in the case of photonic crystals is generally called photonic bandgap (PBG) as a nomenclature borrowed from solid state physics. Within this framework, the photonic crystal emerged and became an extensively studied scientific area since 1987 (Yablonovitch, 1987; John, 1987). To introduce two dimensional photonic crystal waveguides into the practice which implies a waveguide being uniform along the propagation direction holding a two dimensional periodic photonic crystal lattice around the core as shown in Fig. 1, was justified by the novel optical properties of these waveguides compared to traditional optical fibres. One may distinguish two type of photonic crystal PCFs. One type is index guiding PCF (Knight et al., 1996) which means that the core refractive index is larger than the average index of the cladding therefore the propagation occurs due to the total internal reflection on the corecladding interface and only the fibre structure recalls the structure of photonic crystals. The other type of PCFs is bandgap guiding fibres (Knight, Broeng, Birks & Russell, 1998; Cregan et al., 1999) where the fibre core has lower refractive index than the average index of the surrounding cladding region and the propagation occurs due to the bandgap guidance and not due to the total internal reflection which would not be possible in such a structural arrangement. Both type of PCFs hold very interesting new properties for manipulating and controlling the propagating light or light pulses. Index guiding photonic crystal fibres with small-core sizes can have a large waveguide contribution to the material dispersion, therefore anomalous dispersion can be achieved well below the 1.27 μm region where material dispersion alone is negative (Mogilevtsev et al., 1998). This allows the dispersion management of the fibres even in the visible wavelength range with a suitable cladding design by changing the hole size and hole-to-
Enhancement in Light Extraction Efficiency of GaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes Using Double Dielectric Surface Passivation (2012)

SiO2Al2O3 double dielectric stack layer was deposited on the surface of the GaN-based light-emitting diode (LED). The double dielectric stack layer enhances both the electrical characteristics and the optical output power of the LED because the first Al2O3 layer plays a role of effectively passivating the p-GaN surface and the second lower index SiO2 layer increases the critical angle of the light emitted from the LED surface. In addition, the effect of the Fresnel reflection is also responsible for the enhancement in output power of the double dielectric passivated LED. The leakage current of the LED passivated with Al2O3 layer was -3.46 × 10-11 A at -5 V, at least two and three orders lower in magnitude compared to that passivated with SiO2 layer (-7.14 × 10-9 A) and that of non-passivated LED (-1.9 × 10-8 A), respectively, which indicates that the Al2O3 layer is very effective in passivating the exposed GaN surface after dry etch and hence reduces nonradiative recombination as well as reabsorption of the emitted light near the etched surface.
Electric pollution studies in mesh type MTDC system using neural network (2002)

The authors propose a neural network identifier to estimate the electric pollution (harmonics) contents present in the voltage and current signals of a mesh type multi terminal direct current (MTDC) system under dynamic conditions. A digital computer program has been developed to implement the neural network and a modified form of Fourier series representation which improves the accuracy of the results is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Application of base plate preheating during selective laser melting (2018)

© 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license Base plate preheating is one of the recent enhancing tools added to the process of Selective Laser Melting (SLM). This tool aims at a reduction of thermal stresses in SLM parts, achieved by decreasing the thermal gradients during SLM processing. In the current study, base plate preheating up to a temperature of 400°C is applied during SLM of 4 different materials, including aluminum 7075 alloy, nickel alloy Hastelloy X, H13 tool steel and CoCr. General trends, as well as material specific effects are discussed regarding part density, crack formation, internal stresses, microstructure and mechanical properties. These show how base plate preheating can induce different influences according to each particular material category.
Islet-infiltrating B-Cells in Nonobese Diabetic Mice Predominantly Target Nervous System Elements (2005)

B-cells accumulate in pancreatic islets during the autoimmune response that precedes the onset of type 1 diabetes. However, the role and antigenic specificity of these cells remain a mystery. To elucidate the antigenic repertoire of islet-infiltrating B-cells in type 1 diabetes, we generated hybridoma cell lines of islet-infiltrating B-cells from nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice and NOD mice expressing a diabetogenic T-cell receptor (8.3-NOD). Surprisingly, characterization of the tissue specificity of the antibodies secreted by these cells revealed that a predominant fraction of these hybridomas produce antibodies specific for the pancreatic nervous system. Similar results were obtained with B-cell hybridomas derived from mild insulinic lesions of diabetes-resistant (NOD x NOR)F1 and 8.3-(NOD x NOR)F1 mice. Immunoglobulin class analyses further indicated that most islet-derived hybridomas had arisen from B-cells that had undergone immunoglobulin class switch recombination, suggesting that islet-associated B-cells are involved in active, T-helper-driven immune responses against local antigenic targets. This is the first evidence showing the existence of a predominant active B-cell response in situ against pancreatic nervous system elements in diabetogenesis. Our data are consistent with the idea that this B-cell response precedes the progression of insulitis to overt diabetes, thus strongly supporting the idea that pancreatic nervous system elements are early targets in type 1 diabetes.
Impedance control is selectively tuned to multiple directions of movement (2011)

Humans are able to learn tool-handling tasks, such as carving, demonstrating their competency to make movements in unstable environments with varied directions. When faced with a single direction of instability, humans learn to selectively co-contract their arm muscles tuning the mechanical stiffness of the limb end point to stabilize movements. This study examines, for the first time, subjects simultaneously adapting to two distinct directions of instability, a situation that may typically occur when using tools. Subjects learned to perform reaching movements in two directions, each of which had lateral instability requiring control of impedance. The subjects were able to adapt to these unstable interactions and switch between movements in the two directions; they did so by learning to selectively control the end-point stiffness counteracting the environmental instability without superfluous stiffness in other directions. This finding demonstrates that the central nervous system can simultaneously tune the mechanical impedance of the limbs to multiple movements by learning movement-specific solutions. Furthermore, it suggests that the impedance controller learns as a function of the state of the arm rather than a general strategy.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and photoluminescence of near-ideal GaAs-Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As single quantum wells (1985)

Single quantum wells with ∼120-Å GaAs wells and Al0.3Ga0.7As or GaAs-Al0.3Ga0.7As superlattice barriers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy under conditions known to produce very high-purity material. Low-temperature photoluminescence measurements indicate that the dominant recombination transitions are associated with free and bound excitons involving both light and heavy holes. A forbidden transition, possibly E21h, is also observed. The transition associated with electron-heavy-hole free excitons is most intense and has a linewidth of 0.3 meV at 2 K. The linewidths observed for these samples, grown with As4 species at 630 °C, are the smallest for 120-Å single quantum wells and are close to theoretically calculated limits.
Patterns of Amino Acid Metabolism by Proliferating Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

The nutritional requirements of stem cells have not been determined; in particular, the amino acid metabolism of stem cells is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the amino acid metabolism of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), with focus on two questions: Which amino acids are consumed and/or secreted by hMSCs and at what rates? To answer these questions, hMSCs were cultured on tissue culture plastic and in a bioreactor, and their amino acid profile was analyzed. The results showed that the kinetics of hMSCs growth and amino acid metabolism were significantly higher for hMSCs in tissue culture plastic than in the bioreactor. Despite differences in culture conditions, 8 essential and 6 nonessential amino acids were consumed by hMSCs in both tissue culture plastic and bioreactor cultures. Glutamine was the most consumed amino acid with significantly higher rates than for any other amino acid. The metabolism of nonessential amino acids by hMSCs deviated significantly from that of other cell lines. The secretion of alanine, glycine, glutamate, and ornithine by hMSCs showed that there is a strong overflow metabolism that can be due to the high concentrations of amino acids provided in the medium. In addition, the data showed that there is a metabolic pattern for proliferating hMSCs, which can contribute to the design of medium without animal serum for stem cells. Further, this study shows how to implement amino acid rates and metabolic principles in three-dimensional stem cell biology.