gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation, characterization, and amino acid sequences of auracyanins, blue copper proteins from the green photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. (1992)

Three small blue copper proteins designated auracyanin A, auracyanin B-1, and auracyanin B-2 have been isolated from the thermophilic green gliding photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus. All three auracyanins are peripheral membrane proteins. Auracyanin A was described previously (Trost, J. T., McManus, J. D., Freeman, J. C., Ramakrishna, B. L., and Blankenship, R. E. (1988) Biochemistry 27, 7858-7863) and is not glycosylated. The two B forms are glycoproteins and have almost identical properties to each other, but are distinct from the A form. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis apparent monomer molecular masses are 14 (A), 18 (B-2), and 22 (B-1) kDa. The amino acid sequences of the B forms are presented. All three proteins have similar absorbance, circular dichroism, and resonance Raman spectra, but the electron spin resonance signals are quite different. Laser flash photolysis kinetic analysis of the reactions of the three forms of auracyanin with lumiflavin and flavin mononucleotide semiquinones indicates that the site of electron transfer is negatively charged and has an accessibility similar to that found in other blue copper proteins. Copper analysis indicates that all three proteins contain 1 mol of copper per mol of protein. All three auracyanins exhibit a midpoint redox potential of +240 mV. Light-induced absorbance changes and electron spin resonance signals suggest that auracyanin A may play a role in photosynthetic electron transfer. Kinetic data indicate that all three proteins can donate electrons to cytochrome c-554, the electron donor to the photosynthetic reaction center.
Wide frequency impedance modeling of EMI ferrites (2002)

Circuit impedance of popular EMI ferrite beads is empirically modeled over a wide frequency range, using simple lumped circuit analysis. Previous models are cumbersome and difficult to apply. Comparison of this model with vendor published data for several popular EMI ferrite types shows a good agreement for both magnitude and phase.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AIGO High Performance Compact Vibration Isolation System (2006)

We present a completed prototype of the AIGO seismic vibration isolation system. The design has been developed to satisfy the isolation requirements for the next generation of interferometric GW detectors. The system relies on passive isolation and includes multiple Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) stages to achieve minimal low frequency residual motion. Two complete isolators are being installed at the high power test facility located in Gingin, Western Australia. The performance of individual mechanical stages is continually being tested and improved. Currently it is expected that residual motion close to 1 nm at 0.3 Hz will be achieved.
Image Converter Tube Photography (1962)

For some years people have used image converter tubes for high-speed photography. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-21</sup> An image converter tube will operate as an electronic shutter if the accelerating voltage is applied as a pulse of short duration. Equally, the image converter tube can be used as a streak camera by adding a time base and sweeping a slit image across the screen.
Diversity of Antigen Recognition by Serum Antibodies in Experimental Bovine Tuberculosis (1998)

Tuberculosis in cattle remains a major zoonotic and economic problem in many countries. The standard diagnostic assay for bovine tuberculosis, the intradermal tuberculin test, has low accuracy. Therefore, alternative immunodiagnostic methods, such as serological assays, are needed for detection of infected animals. Development of an accurate serodiagnostic test requires a detailed understanding of the humoral immune responses during bovine tuberculosis and, in particular, identification of the key antigens of Mycobacterium bovis involved in antibody production. In this study, we characterized antibody responses in cattle experimentally infected with M. bovis. Sequential serum samples were collected every 3 to 4 weeks for up to 27 months postinfection. Circulating immunoglobulin G antibody levels were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using 12 highly purified recombinant proteins of M. bovis. Six proteins, ESAT-6, 14-kDa protein, MPT63, MPT70, MPT51, and MPT32, were identified as major seroreactive antigens in bovine tuberculosis. A remarkable animal-to-animal variation of antigen recognition by serum antibodies was observed. Kinetic analyses of the antibody production to individual antigens during infection revealed that the heterogeneous antigen recognition profile changed markedly in a given infected animal as disease progressed.
Research on the Internet banking security based on dynamic password (2011)

Dynamic password is one of important parts in the research on the Internet banking security. This paper classifies the popular dynamic password product used in the banking, analyzes the security challenges that the Internet banking faces, and finally puts forward its some countermeasures.
Characterizing multiple independent behavioral correlates of cell firing in freely moving animals (2004)

The heterogeneous sampling of behavioral states by freely moving animals hinders our ability to relate neuronal firing rates to behavioral variables by introducing dependencies between them. We specifically consider the animal's location and orientation, although our analyses may generalize to other behavioral variables, such as speed of movement. A maximum-likelihood approach is presented for producing estimates of the separate histograms relating firing rate to multiple independent causes. Examples show that the method can be used to avoid the artifactual behavioral correlates of place and head direction-cell firing produced by standard analyses; to characterize the independent influences of both location and orientation in a third cell type (Cacucci et al., 2004); and to demonstrate the location-independence of the directional firing of head-direction cells.
Enantioselective organocatalytic Michael addition of malonate esters to nitro olefins using bifunctional cinchonine derivatives (2005)

A family of 9-amino(9-deoxy) epicinchonine derivatives, possessing a range of mono- and bidentate hydrogen bond donor groups at the 9-position, were synthesised and evaluated for asymmetric organocatalytic activity in the dimethyl malonate Michael addition to beta-nitrostyrene; thiourea derivative was identified as the most effective bifunctional organic catalyst and found to induce high enantioselectivity in the malonate ester Michael addition reaction to a range of nitro olefins.
In vivo growth stimulation of collagen gel embedded normal human and mouse primary mammary epithelial cells (1995)

A new system for studying growth of normal human mammary epithelial cells in an in vivo environment using athymic nude mice is described. Human mammary epithelial cells dissociated from reduction mammoplasty specimens were embedded within collagen gels and subsequently transplanted subcutaneously into nude mice. Histological sections of recovered collagen gels showed epithelial cells arranged as short tubules with some branching. Proliferation of mammary epithelial cells was quantitated in vivo by 3 days' continuous infusion with 5 bromo-2'-deoxy-uridine followed by immunostaining of sections from recovered gels. Ovarian steroids administered to the host animals, resulting in blood serum levels normally found in the human female, had little or no effect on the proliferation of human mammary epithelial cells. Collagen gel embedded mouse mammary epithelial cells, mouse mammary explants, and host mammary glands all responded similarly to ovarian steroids, suggesting that the unresponsiveness of the human mammary epithelial cells under these conditions was not due to dissociation per se. However, an increased dose of 17 beta-estradiol or a growth factor combination containing epidermal growth factor, cholera toxin, and cortisol significantly stimulated the proliferation of human outgrowths. The growth factor response was dependent on the location of the cells, with the greatest response seen in the part of the gel proximal to the osmotic pump delivering the growth factors and the effect gradually waning in area more distal to the pump. The effect was especially striking since the mitotic figures could be easily identified and the labeling index was as high as 75%. The host mouse mammary gland also responded to growth factors, resulting in ductal hyperplasia. The proliferative and morphogenetic effects of various agents on normal human mammary epithelial cells embedded in collagen gel can be studied in vivo in nude mice.
Coupling of interdigital transducer to plate modes in a slotted acoustically-thin membrane (1983)

Piezoelectric coupling with an interdigital transducer (IDT) to plate modes in a composite ZnO-SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Si membrane that is thinner than an acoustic wavelength has been examined for possible use in forming on-chip filters or resonators. Tests at 80 MHz on a composite membrane approximately 45 µm thick with IDT's having a 76 µm period indicates preferential coupling to the lowest quasi-symmetric plate wave having a phase velocity roughly 60% higher than that of the ordinary surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) on the unthinned portion of the same silicon wafer. Results are presented for a resonator made on such a structure in which end reflectors are single slots etched in the membrane. Numerical calculations confirm the observation and reveal that the electromechanical coupling coefficient is 1.4% as compared with 0.1% for ordinary SAW's on semi-infinite substrate.
Protective Immunity to Genital Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 Provided by Self-Adjuvanting Lipopeptides That Drive Dendritic Cell Maturation and Elicit a Polarized Th1 Immune Response (2006)

Genital herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) infections are a significant health problem worldwide. While it is believed that CD4+ Th1 cells are among the effectors to herpes immunity, developing an epitope-based clinical vaccine capable of inducing an effective anti-herpes CD4+ Th1-mediated protection is still under investigation. Few molecules achieve this target without the aid of external immuno-adjuvant. The present study was undertaken to examine the immunogenicity in mice of five CD4+ T cell epitope peptides (gD1-29, gD49-82, gD146-179, gD228-257, and gD332-358), recently identified from the HSV-1 glycoprotein D (gD), covalently linked to a palmitic acid moiety (lipopeptides) using the high-yielding chemoselective ligation method and delivered subcutaneously in free-adjuvant saline. Their protective efficacy was evaluated in a progestin-induced susceptibility mouse model of genital herpes following intravaginal challenge with either HSV-1 or HSV-2. Four out of five gD lipopeptides effectively induced virus-specific CD4+ Th1 responses associated with a reduction of virus replication in the genital tract and protection from overt signs of genital disease. A cocktail of three highly immunogenic lipopeptides provoked maturation of dendritic cells, induced interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4+ T cells, and protected against both HSV- 1 and HSV-2 infections. Depletion of specific T cell subsets from lipopeptideimmunized mice before intravaginal HSV challenges demonstrated that CD4+ T cells were primarily responsible for this protection. The strength of induced T cell immunity, together with the ease of construction and safety of these totally synthetic self-adjuvanting lipopeptides, provide a molecularly defined formulation that could combat genital herpes and other human viral infections for which induction of Th1 immunity is crucial.
Cross‐talk between signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 and estrogen receptor signaling (2000)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a multifunctional cytokine that plays important roles in the immune system, hematopoiesis, and acute phase reactions. Estrogens have significant roles in a variety of biological events, such as the development and maintenance of female reproductive organs, and bone and lipid metabolism. Previous studies demonstrated that estrogens suppress IL-6-induced osteoporosis and the growth of multiple myeloma cells by repressing IL-6 and IL-6 receptor gene expression. Here we present a novel mechanism for the inhibitory effect of estrogens on IL-6 function. IL-6-induced activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity and STAT3-mediated gene expression were suppressed by 17beta-estradiol (E2) in breast cancer cells. E2-mediated inhibition of STAT3 activation was reversed by tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist. We provide evidence that the inhibitory action of ER on STAT3 activity was due to direct physical interactions between STAT3 and ER which represents a novel form of cross-talk between STAT3 and ER signaling pathways.
In <i>Vitro</i> Hydrodynamics of a Decellularized Pulmonary Porcine Valve, Compared with a Glutaraldehyde and Polyurethane Heart Valve (2002)

Decellularized pulmonary porcine valves showed the same excellent performance as polyurethane valve prosthesis, which are superior to the investigated glutaraldehyde fixed xenograft.
Plasmon‐Driven Synthesis of Triangular Core–Shell Nanoprisms from Gold Seeds (2007)

Outside silver, inside gold: Gold nanoparticles are used as seeds to probe the role of plasmon excitation in the photomediated growth of silver nanoprisms. This approach generates novel core–shell nanostructures that contain a spherical (see TEM image, inset shows side view) or triangular-prism gold core with a triangular silver prism shell. The architecture of these particles can be tuned by controlling the excitation wavelength and gold-core diameter. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z703185_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Photo‐<i>Fries</i> Rearrangement of Carbazol‐2‐yl Sulfonates: Efficient Tool for the Introduction of Sulfonyl Groups into Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (2006)

Abstract Systematic studies on the photo‐ Fries rearrangement of different 9 H ‐carbazol‐2‐yl sulfonates 2 have shown that this type of conversion can be readily used for the preparative‐scale introduction of alkyl‐ or arylsulfonyl groups into polycyclic aromatic compounds under very mild conditions. A series of new 1‐sulfonyl‐ ( 3 ) or 3‐sulfonyl‐9 H ‐carbazoles ( 4 ) were prepared in medium‐to‐good yields, and characterized by UV/VIS, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy, as well as by elemental analysis. Effects of irradiation wavelength, solvent polarity, presence or absence of O 2 , and photosensitizers were studied in detail.
“cAMP Sponge”: A Buffer for Cyclic Adenosine 3′, 5′-Monophosphate (2009)

This newest member of the cAMP toolbox has the potential to reveal unique biological functions of cAMP, including insight into the functional significance of compartmentalized signaling events.
Recombinant Human Platelet-Derived Growth Factor for Refractory Nondiabetic Ulcers (2002)

BACKGROUND Recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor-BB (rhPDGF-BB or rhPDGF gel 0.01%) has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for topical use on lower extremity, neuropathic, diabetic ulcers to enhance healing and has been reported to be effective in expediting the healing of full-thickness chronic pressure ulcers. Published clinical data using rhPDGF gel to treat nondiabetic and nonpressure-related ulcers have been limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the effectiveness of topical rhPDGF gel in treating refractory chronic ulcers other than diabetic, neuropathic ulcers. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed on patients without diabetes mellitus-related ulcers treated with topical rhPDGF gel 0.01%. RESULTS Twelve patients with 14 ulcers were treated. Nine of 14 ulcers healed (64%) with a mean time to healing of 26 weeks. Two of the nine healed ulcers (22%) reopened during a 15-month follow-up period. CONCLUSION rhPDGF gel is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for refractory chronic ulcers.
SHOrt Voltage Elevation (SHOVE) test (2002)

A stress procedure for reliability screening, SHOrt Voltage Elevation (SHOVE) test, is analyzed here. During SHOVE, test vectors are run at higher-than-normal supply voltage for a short period. The IDDQ values of circuits-under-test are then measured at the normal voltage. This procedure is effective in screening oxide thinning, which occurs when the oxide thickness of a transistor is less than expected. Oxide thinning can cause early-life failures. The stress voltage of SHOVE testing should be set such that the electrical field across an oxide is approximately 6 MV/cm. The stress time can be calculated by using "effective oxide thinning" model. We will also discuss the requirement of an input vector for stressing a complementary CMOS logic gate efficiently.
Nondestructive Quantification of Analyte Diffusion in Cornea and Sclera Using Optical Coherence Tomography (2007)

Results suggest that the OCT technique might be a powerful tool for noninvasive diffusion studies of different analytes in ocular tissues. However, additional methods of OCT signal acquisition and processing are required to study the diffusion of agents of small concentrations.
Carbon dioxide gas sensor with ionic gel (2013)

This paper reports on a low-power-consumption carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) gas sensor based on an ionic gel. Ionic gel is a mixture of ionic liquid and polymer. We employed 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafuloroborate ([EMIM][BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ]) as ionic liquid and polyvinylidene fluoridecohexafluoro propylene (PVDF-HFP) as polymer. The [EMIM][BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ] selectively absorbs CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas. Our proposal sensor consisted of an ionic gel and two Pt electrodes patterned under the ionic gel. The CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas concentration can be detected by measuring the electrochemical impedance between the two electrodes. The sensor was able to measure the difference of 500 ppm CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas concentration by using power as small as 0.65 μW.
Development of Carbon Fiber-modified Electrically Conductive Concrete for Implementation in Des Moines International Airport (2018)

This paper reports on the procedures of mix design preparation, production, placement, and performance evaluation of the first electrically conductive concrete (ECON) heated-pavement system (HPS) implemented at a U.S. airport. While ECON has drawn considerable attention as a paving material for multi-functional pavements, including HPS, the majority of ECON HPS applications and studies have been limited to laboratory scale or include materials/methods that do not conform to regulations enforced by airfield construction practices. Carbon fiber-reinforced ECON provides a promising prospective for application in airfield pavements. In this study, ECON mixtures were prepared in the laboratory using varying cementitious materials, aggregate systems, water-to-cementitious ratios, carbon fiber dosages, and admixtures. The results of tests on laboratory-prepared mixes were utilized to find the most suitable ECON mix design for application in an HPS test section at the Des Moines International Airport. The properties of the ECON produced at the concrete plant were measured and compared with equivalent laboratory-prepared samples. The final mix design exhibited electrical resistivity of 115 Ω-cm in the laboratory and 992 Ω-cm in the field, while completely meeting strength and workability requirements. Despite the higher ECON resistivity obtained in large-scale production, the fabricated HPS exhibited desirable performance with respect to deicing and anti-icing operations. The test section was able to generate a 300–350 W/m2 power density and to effectively melt ice/snow with this level of energy. Keywords: Electrically conductive concrete (ECON), Carbon fiber, Mix design, Des Moines International Airport, Heated Pavement, Snow Melting, Deicing
Restored expression of transforming growth factor β type II receptor ink-ras-transformed thyroid cells, TGFβ-resistant, reverts their malignant phenotype (1997)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) inhibits the growth of normal rat epithelial thyroid cells (FRTL-5 strain) by counteracting thyrotropin (TSH)-stimulated DNA synthesis and by slowing the cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Here, we have studied two clones of FRTL-5 thyroid cell line transformed by the wild type (wt) v-k-ras oncogene (K.M.A1, K.M.A2) and one clone (A6) transformed by a temperature-sensitive (ts) v-k-ras mutant. Anchorage-dependent as well as anchorage-independent growth of these k-ras-transformed cells was not inhibited by TGF beta 1. TGF beta 1 resistance appeared to be dependent by a functional p21 k-ras, because A6 cell growth was partially inhibited at the nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C). To determine the basis for TGF beta 1 resistance in k-ras-transformed thyroid cells, we looked for possible defects in the expression of type I (T beta R-I/ALK5) and type II TGF beta receptors (T beta R-II). Lower levels of type II receptors were present in all of the k-ras-transformed clones, as revealed by both Northern blot and cross-linking experiments. A partial reversion of the malignant phenotype of the wt k-ras-transformed clone was obtained in two clones isolated after transfection of the malignant thyroid cells (K.M.A1) with a T beta R-II expression vector. These two clones also showed restored levels of exogenous T beta R-II mRNA and protein, and both clones showed a partially reacquired sensitivity to TGF beta 1. Similarly, the reversion of the malignant phenotype of the A6 clone grown at the nonpermissive temperature was accompanied by a restored expression of the T beta R-II receptors. These data indicate that active k-ras oncogene can induce TGF beta 1 resistance in rat thyroid cells and suggest that one of the possible mechanisms of escape from TGF beta 1 growth control in k-ras-induced thyroid carcinogenesis involves a reduced expression of T beta R-II receptors.
Seminar 14 - Desiccant Enhanced Air Conditioning: Desiccant Enhanced Evaporative Air Conditioning (2013)

This presentation explains how liquid desiccant based coupled with an indirect evaporative cooler can efficiently produce cool, dry air, and how a liquid desiccant membrane air conditioner can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification without the carryover problems of previous generations of liquid desiccant systems. It provides an overview to a liquid desiccant DX air conditioner that can efficiently provide cooling and dehumidification to high latent loads without the need for reheat, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems can outperform vapor compression based air conditioning systems in hot and humid climates, explains how liquid desiccant cooling and dehumidification systems work, and describes a refrigerant free liquid desiccant based cooling system.