gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An amorphous SiH<i>x</i>-ferroelectric image scanner (1980)

By sputtering an amorphous SiHx photoconductor onto a gadolinium molybdate crystal, the voltage required to move a ferroelectric domain wall can be modulated with a light pattern. This allows the light pattern to be converted to a voltage waveform. Since the domain wall is less than 100 nm wide, a high-resolution image line scan is produced without fabricating a fine pattern in the device surface. Using a constant current source to drive the domain wall, the fabricated devices resolve up to 400 lines/mm. This limitation is due to the device capacitance rather than domain-wall width or current spreading in the photoconductor.
Acoustic analysis of pressed voice (2006)

Pressed voice (‘‘rikimi’’ in Japanese) is a voice quality related to the vibratory patterns of the vocal folds. It was recently shown that pressed voice carries important paralinguistic information in Japanese, indicating emotional or attitudinal state of the speaker. In the present work, several acoustic features are investigated, aiming for an appropriate acoustic characterization and an automatic detection of pressed voices. Analysis of pressed voice samples extracted from natural conversational speech firstly shows that irregularity in periodicity (such as in creaky and harsh voices) is a common but not a strictly determinant feature of pressed voices. Spectral analysis shows that parameters related to spectral slope are effective to identify part of the pressed voice samples, but fail when vowels are nasalized or double-beating occurs in a glottal cycle. Temporal analyses of pressed and nonpressed creaky voices indicate that diplophonia (simultaneous production of two separate tones, when vocal folds oscillate out of phase) frequently occurs in nonpressed creaky voices, while it rarely appears in pressed ones. Further temporal analysis of EGG (electroglottograph) waveforms of acted speech showed the same trends obtained for natural speech, indicating that information about the absence of diplophonia can potentially be used for pressed voice detection.
Reaction Mechanisms in the Li<sub>3</sub>AlH<sub>6</sub>/LiBH<sub>4</sub> and Al/LiBH<sub>4</sub> Systems for Reversible Hydrogen Storage. Part 1: H Capacity and Role of Al (2011)

Lithium-based complex hydrides, including lithium aluminum hydrides (LiAlH4, Li3AlH6) and lithium borohydride (LiBH4), are some of the most attractive materials for hydrogen storage due to their high hydrogen contents. In the present work, we investigated the hydrogen storage properties of combined systems of Li3AlH6/LiBH4 and Al/LiBH4, both of which exhibit favorable storage properties owing to the formation of AlB2 during dehydrogenation. TGA data showed that TiCl3-doped Li3AlH6/2LiBH4 and 0.5Al/LiBH4 release ∼8.8 and ∼8.4 wt % H2, respectively, with ∼3.8 and ∼5.8 wt % release after rehydrogenation of the dehydrogenation product. XRD results identified LiH and AlB2 phases in the dehydrogenated products, which suggests a mechanism by which Al contributes to the remarkable improvement of the reversible storage properties of LiBH4 in terms of temperature and pressure for H2 release and uptake.
ACTIVATION OF MICROGLIA IN THE BRAINS OF HUMANS WITH HEART DISEASE AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIC RABBITS (1996)

Activated microglial cells are concentrated in senile plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Such accumulations of activated microglia may contribute towards neurodegeneration via production of cytokines and free radicals. Studies suggesting a link between Alzheimer's disease and heart disease led us to study microglia immunohistochemically, using monoclonal antibody LN-3, in age-matched nondemented humans with and without heart disease. Using a qualitative staging system for assessing morphological changes occurring in microglia, we found higher microglial activation in the brains of subjects with heart disease than in those without it. Lectin histochemical examination of brains from rabbits maintained on a high-cholesterol diet also revealed increased microglial activation and leukocyte infiltration. Collectively our observations from humans and rabbits suggest that hypercholesterolemia and heart disease accelerate brain aging, and that the formation of senile plaques may be the end result of progressive microglial activation that occurs with aging.
Plurality of protein conformations of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase monomers probed by high pressure electrophoresis. (1993)

We used hydrostatic pressure in the range of 1 to 2 kbar, coupled with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, to investigate the properties of monomers of dimeric ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. At temperatures below -5 degrees C or pressures above 1.5 kbar, only a diffuse band with low electrophoretic mobility was observed, which is assigned to a denatured monomer. In gels run at 1.0 kbar and temperatures above 0 degree C, both the wild type and a mutant in which a positively charged Lys at the dimer interface is replaced by a negatively charged glutamic acid displayed several discrete bands with retardation coefficients larger than that of the dimer. Cross-linking due to oxidation of cysteines was not the reason for the multiplicity of bands, which in addition were independent on the length of the electrophoretic run in the range of 1-3 h. Binding of 1,1'-bis(4-anilino)naphthalene-5,5'-disulfonic acid to the pressure dissociated monomers stabilized the unfolded conformations. We propose that the dissociated monomers adopt various expanded conformations, which, under the experimental conditions, are stabilized to the extent necessary to be considered as distinct chemical species. Gel filtration high performance liquid chromatography analysis of bands eluted from nonstained gels run at 1 kbar (15 degrees C) and 1.5 kbar (-5 degrees C), respectively, was performed. In both cases the dimeric structure was fully recovered, along with the spectroscopic properties and catalytic activity characteristic of the native dimer, indicating that the unresolved unfolded conformers that appear at -5 degrees C, as well as the set of discrete conformers obtained at 15 degrees C, are able to reconstitute a single active conformation on reassociation.
Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products (2012)

Given worldwide increases in the incidence of obesity and type 2 diabetes, new strategies for preventing and treating metabolic diseases are needed. The nuclear receptor PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) plays a central role in lipid and glucose metabolism; however, current PPARγ-targeting drugs are characterized by undesirable side effects. Natural products from edible biomaterial provide a structurally diverse resource to alleviate complex disorders via tailored nutritional intervention. We identified a family of natural products, the amorfrutins, from edible parts of two legumes, Glycyrrhiza foetida and Amorpha fruticosa, as structurally new and powerful antidiabetics with unprecedented effects for a dietary molecule. Amorfrutins bind to and activate PPARγ, which results in selective gene expression and physiological profiles markedly different from activation by current synthetic PPARγ drugs. In diet-induced obese and db/db mice, amorfrutin treatment strongly improves insulin resistance and other metabolic and inflammatory parameters without concomitant increase of fat storage or other unwanted side effects such as hepatoxicity. These results show that selective PPARγ-activation by diet-derived ligands may constitute a promising approach to combat metabolic disease.
Electronic advertising on online information $;y$;tem$; (1994)

Les systemes d'information en ligne ont d'abord ete developpes comm outils de recherche documentaire ou d'information mais ils peuvent etre utilises a d'autres fins. C'est le cas de la publicite electronique delivree par le biais des services d'information en ligne. L'analyse de ce marche encore peu developpe est replacee dans le cadre dont il fait partie, celui du tele-achat (electronic shopping). L'article analyse successivement les benefices potentiels de ce type de publicite (differente de celles, imprimee ou televisee) pour chaque segment de la communaute: les publicistes, le service d'information et les utilisateurs. Les reticences a son utilisattion et les conditions de succes d'un tel marche sont aussi enonces. Des exemples de services d'information diffusant des informations publicitaires sont donnes. Les perspectives de la publicite electronique sur Internet sont montrees a travers des exemples: ils annoncent une nouvelle approche de vente, un autre type de clientele, celle des utilisateurs finals des services d'information en ligne
Assembly path planning for stable robotic construction (2014)

We propose an algorithmic approach for assembly path planning that takes stability of the structure during construction into account. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the intermediate stages of the assembly for stability. The algorithm presented here assembles a structure by greedily taking the most stable option at each step in the assembly process, and has complexity O(n!), albeit most structures are effectively assembled with complexity O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). We demonstrate the workings of the proposed hybrid discrete/FEA search algorithm in simulation on a series of truss structures. In particular, we show that the algorithm is able to identify correct orderings that led to stable assembly, and discuss structures for which a greedy approach with scaffolding might be advantageous over a complete approach.
Transistorized Pacemaker for Remote Stimulation of the Heart by Radio-Frequency Transmission (1961)

Diverse techniques have been developed for controlling the cardiac rate by external means when normal physiological processes fail to maintain a stable rate. These techniques are presented in a brief summary. The factors underlying the choice of the radio-frequency transmission technique are presented and evaluated, taking into account control of the stimulus, avoidance of infection, and minimizing the number of electrical components within the body. A set of design specifications is then evolved based upon the physiological needs of the patient, utilizing the philosophy of the RF transmission approach. The design of two transistorized, battery-operated pacemakers is then presented in detail with a description of the constructed units and an evaluation of performance. These units have now been used successfully on five patients.
Novel Oxidations of (+)-Catechin by Horseradish Peroxidase and Laccase (2002)

Horseradish peroxidase (HRP; EC 1.11.1.7) catalyzed the H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidative coupling of (+)-catechin 1 to form three different biphenyl C-C dimers 2-4, whereas Rhus vernicifera laccase catalyzed the formation of two new catechin-hydroquinone adducts 5 and 6. Spectroscopic evidence showed that HRP dimers were linked through position 8 of the A-ring of one catechin moiety to C-5' of ring B in 2 and 4 and to C-2 of ring C in 3. The unusual catechin dicarboxylic acid dimer 4 was obtained by ortho cleavage of the E-ring. Hydroquinone served as both a shuttle oxidant and a reactant by coupling at C-2' and C-5' of the catechin B-ring during laccase oxidations. HRP and laccase oxidation products were compared to D,L-alpha-tocopherol and (+)-catechin for their abilities to inhibit iron-induced lipid peroxidation in rat brain homogenates and Fe(3+)-ADP/NADPH in rat liver microsomes, as measured by the intensity of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. All metabolites exhibited anti-lipid peroxidation with IC(50) values approximately 2-8 times higher than those of standard compounds. Characteristic reaction products may prove to be novel markers for (+)-catechin antioxidant reactions in living systems.
Domain adaptation for biomedical image segmentation using adversarial training (2018)

Many biomedical image analysis applications require segmentation. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) have become a promising approach to segment biomedical images; however, the accuracy of these methods is highly dependent on the training data. We focus on biomedical image segmentation in the context where there is variation between source and target datasets and ground truth for the target dataset is very limited or non-existent. We use an adversarial based training approach to train CNNs to achieve good accuracy on the target domain. We use the DRIVE and STARE eye vasculture segmentation datasets and show that our approach can significantly improve results where we only use labels of one domain in training and test on the other domain. We also show improvements on membrane detection between MIC-CAI 2016 CREMI challenge and ISBI2013 EM segmentation challenge datasets.
Novel cost-efficient packaging technology for highpower LDMOS devices (2006)

Packaging is crucial factor in maximizing the RF power transistors performance. Since the RF power device is the most expensive component within a high-power amplifier, there is a substantial market pressure to reduce the cost of the transistor and its packaging. This paper presents a novel packaging technology which uses the high-frequency laminates as a base material replacing the currently dominant ceramic packages.
Cytogenetic features of human neuroblastomas and cell lines. (1981)

We reviewed the banded karyotypes of 24 human neuroblastomas and cell lines to identify any consistent chromosomal abnormalities. Six of the 10 primary tumors and one of the 14 cell lines were studied at this institution. Of the 24 neuroblastomas karyotyped, 20 were near-diploid, one was near-triploid, and 3 were near-tetraploid. One primary tumor had a diploid karyotype without numerical or structural rearrangements. The 20 cases with a karyotype in the diploid range were statistically analyzed for gain or loss of while chromosomes and for structural abnormalities of each chromosome arm. The short arm of chromosome 1 was preferentially involved in structural rearrangements, occurring in 14 cases (p less than 0.01). In 11 of these cases, the abnormality of chromosome 1 included deletion of bands 1p32 leads to 1pter, rendering the cells monosomic for this genetic material. Of the remaining three cases, one involved a reciprocal translocation of chromosomes 1p and 12q, another had insertion of genetic material at band 1p13, and the third had an extra dark band at 1p36. No other numerical or structural abnormalities occurred with sufficient frequency to reach statistical significance (p greater than 0.20). Six of the primary tumors or cell lines in the diploid range had double minute chromatin bodies, four cell lines had homogeneously staining regions, and two cell lines had either double minute chromatin bodies or homogeneously staining regions in subpopulations of cells. Hence, partial monosomy for the short arm of chromosome 1 was the most consistent cytogenetic abnormality in the human neuroblastomas studied.
High‐resolution wide‐field microscopy with adaptive optics for spherical aberration correction and motionless focusing (2009)

Live imaging in cell biology requires three-dimensional data acquisition with the best resolution and signal-to-noise ratio possible. Depth aberrations are a major source of image degradation in three-dimensional microscopy, causing a significant loss of resolution and intensity deep into the sample. These aberrations occur because of the mismatch between the sample refractive index and the immersion medium index. We have built a wide-field fluorescence microscope that incorporates a large-throw deformable mirror to simultaneously focus and correct for depth aberration in three-dimensional imaging. Imaging fluorescent beads in water and glycerol with an oil immersion lens we demonstrate a corrected point spread function and a 2-fold improvement in signal intensity. We apply this new microscope to imaging biological samples, and show sharper images and improved deconvolution.
A new role for federal crop insurance (1981)

The federal crop insurance program has been revised under provisions of the Federal Crop Insurance Act that was signed in September 1980. The revisions represent an important change in policy and are intended to establish the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) as the primary institution offering farmers protection against low crop yields. The partially subsidized FCIC program is designed to replace the fully subsidized disaster payment programs that have been the federal government's predominate form of disaster protection for producers of grains and cottons since the mid-1970s. The new legislation directs the FCIC to extend the crop insurance coverage to all agricultural counties and to consider underwriting insurance on additional agricultural commodities. If the FCIC program expands as expected, agricultural lending may be affected in the process. Lenders may require farmers to purchase the insurance in order to reduce the risks associated with crop production and to make sure that farmers have funds available to repay operating loans in the event of low yields.
Field Development Strategies for Bakken Shale Formation (2010)

Abstract Bakken shale has been subjected to more attention during the last decade. Recently released reports discussing the high potential of the Bakken formation coupled with advancements in horizontal drilling, increased the interest of oil companies for investment in this field. Bakken formation is comprised of three layers. In this study upper and middle parts are the core of attention. Middle member which is believed to be the main reserve is mostly a limestone and the upper member is black shale. The upper member plays as a source and seal which has been subject to production in some parts as well. In this study, a Top-Down Intelligent Reservoir Modeling technique has been implemented to a part of Bakken shale formation in Williston basin of North Dakota. This innovative technique utilizes a combination of conventional reservoir engineering methods, data mining and artificial intelligence to analyze the available data and to build a full field model that can be used for field development. Unlike conventional reservoir simulation techniques which require wide range of reservoir characteristics and geological data; Top-Down modeling utilizes the publicly available data (production data and well logs) in order to generate reservoir model. The model accuracy can be enhanced as more detail data becomes available. The model can be used for proposing development strategies. The model is then used to identify remaining reserves and sweet spots that can help operators identify infill locations. Furthermore, a predictive model was generated, history matched and economical analysis for some proposed new wells is performed.
Adaptive and Online One-Class Support Vector Machine-Based Outlier Detection Techniques for Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

Outlier detection in wireless sensor networks is essential to ensure data quality, secure monitoring and reliable detection of interesting and critical events. A key challenge for outlier detection in wireless sensor networks is to adaptively identify outliers in an online manner with a high accuracy while maintaining the resource consumption of the network to a minimum. In this paper, we propose one-class support vector machine-based outlier detection techniques that sequentially update the model representing normal behavior of the sensed data and take advantage of spatial and temporal correlations that exist between sensor data to cooperatively identify outliers. Experiments with both synthetic and real data show that our online outlier detection techniques achieve high detection accuracy and low false alarm rate.
APLP2 regulates neuronal stem cell differentiation during cortical development (2013)

Expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its two paralogues, APLP1 and APLP2 during brain development coincides with key cellular events such as neuronal differentiation and migration. However, genetic knockout and shRNA studies have led to contradictory conclusions about their role during embryonic brain development. To address this issue, we analysed in depth the role of APLP2 during neurogenesis by silencing APLP2 in vivo in an APP/APLP1 double knockout mouse background. We find that under these conditions cortical progenitors remain in their undifferentiated state much longer, displaying a higher number of mitotic cells. In addition, we show that neuron-specific APLP2 downregulation does not impact the speed or position of migrating excitatory cortical neurons. In summary, our data reveal that APLP2 is specifically required for proper cell cycle exit of neuronal progenitors, and thus has a distinct role in priming cortical progenitors for neuronal differentiation.
Postcolumn Techniques: A Critical Perspective for Ion Chromatography (1989)

Part I. General overview and systems with suppressors. Postcolumn techniques represent a particularly fast-growing area in ion chromatography (IC). The developments since 1985 are surveyed in this paper. A general overview of reagent introduction means, including membrane devices and reaction conduit designs - especially various geometrically deformed open tubular designs - is provided. Part II. Determination of metals, various ionic and ionizable species. This review discusses the direct and indirect absorptiometric, fluorometric, and electrochemical detection of metal species, including rare earth elements, alkyltin, and alkyllead compounds. Part III. New methods on the horizon. The final part of this three-part review discusses chemiluminescence detection. Photolytic methods for derivatization before electrochemical detection is suggested as an important avenue for exploration. The use of postcolumn reactors built of metal tubes, wires and powder for selective reductions, electrochemical generation of reagents, fluorescence enhancement by inclusion complex formation by cyclodextrins, the coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography to electron capture detectors, and post separation zone compression to sharpen otherwise broad chromatographic peaks are critically reviewed.
Mechanical Response and Characterization of Well Cements (2002)

Abstract It has been identified that well cement design and selection procedures require more sophistication than simple compressive strength criteria. In order to meet this need, it is necessary to characterize experimentally certain mechanical and thermal properties of cements and to develop appropriate modeling techniques for subsequent structural response analysis. This paper examines the properties of different well cements and how tensile strength can be improved by addition of fibres. The transient thermoelastic response of the various cements was investigated by finite element models to determine how stresses can vary with time and location, in addition to material properties.
837. Blue “solutions” of potassium in ethers (1960)

F. S. Dainton, D. M. Wiles and A. N. Wright, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4283 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600004283
DNA Vaccines – A Modern Gimmick or a Boon to Vaccinology? (2017)

The reports in 1993 that naked DNA encoding viral genes conferred protective immunity came as a surprise to most vaccinologists. This review analyses the expanding number of examples where plasmid DNA induces immune responses. Issues such as the type of immunity induced, mechanisms of immune protection, and how DNA vaccines compare with other approaches are emphasized. Additional issues discussed include the likely means by which DNA vaccines induce CTL, how the potency and type of immunity induced can be modified, and whether DNA vaccines represent a practical means of manipulating unwanted immune response occurring during immunoinflammatory diseases. It seems doubtful if DNA vaccines will replace currently effective vaccines, but they may prove useful for prophylactic use against some agents that at present lack an effective vaccine. DNA vaccines promise to be valuable to manipulate the immune response in situations where responses to agents are inappropriate or ineffective.