gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polydiacetylene-Based Directional Couplers And Grating Couplers: Linear And Nonlinear Transmission Properties And All-Optical Switching Phenomena (1990)

Conjugated polymers such as polydiacetylenes possess large third-order optical susceptibilities in their transparent gap regions, making them potentially attractive materials for applications in all-optical signal processing. In order to investigate this potential we have developed techniques for fabricating a variety of integrated optical structures such as channel waveguide directional couplers and grating couplers from thin-films of soluble polydiacetylenes. Experiments carried out at wavelengths of 1.06μm and 1.32μm have identified nonlinear transmission and switching phenomena due to both slow thermal nonlinearities and ultrafast (picosecond) electronic nonlinearities in the directional coupler devices. At 1.06μm, the fast electronic component of the device response is dominated by the imaginary part of the nonlinear index, n<sub>2</sub>, and intensity dependent absorption and apparent switching effects are observed. The large imaginary component of n<sub>2</sub> is due to the presence of a two-photon resonance, and a value of 10<sup>-3</sup> cm/MW for the two-photon absorption coefficient at this wavelength is observed. In contrast, at 1.32μm the measured two-photon absorption coefficient is smaller by more than a factor of 10, and we find evidence for the onset of switching due to a real n<sub>2</sub>. These results highlight the important role that two-photon effects play in determining the optimum operating conditions for conjugated polymer-based devices.
Generalization of the multipulse coding for low bit rate coding purposes: The generalized decimation (2005)

This paper shows a technique of encoding the LPC residual which allows the achievement of speech coding with residual excitation at a bit rate as low as 2400 bps. The method is inspired by the multipulse coding approach introduced by Atal, associated with an irregular downsampl-ing. The real time implementation of a 4800 bps vocoder on a single TMS 320 DSP is discussed.
Advances in the Management of Acute Pain International Congress and Symposium Series 218. (1997)

Advances in the Management of Acute Pain International Congress and Symposium Series 218. A. HOLTZ consulting ed., Royal Society of Medicine Press Ltd, London, 1996. Price £15.00. pp. 147. The book is an account of proceedings at the acute pain symposium in Monterrey, Mexico, March 1996. It is not an overview of acute pain management and any recent advances therefore, but more specifically a focus on the potential of the analgesic combination of NSAIDs and caffeine. The text starts with a useful summary of the latest pain mechanism/pathophysiology, rationale; the emphasis is on NSAIDs with up-to-date information and it is clear that prostaglandin inhibition is only part of the story. NSAIDs are compared favourably with opioids mainly in relation to side effect profile, tolerance effects and abuse potential, even so far as to suggest 'unless contra-indicated the pharmacological management of mild to moderate pain should begin with NSAIDs.' The concept of adjuvant caffeine is then introduced, although this is not a new one and has been used since the early 1990s, the point is developed further. Mechanisms of action include antagonism of adenosine receptors (NB: paradoxically adenosine is anti-nociceptive), central NA/SHT pathways and possibly phosphodiesterase inhibition at higher doses. The major mid-section of the book is dedicated to individual reviews of animal and clinical research models, on the whole double-blind randomized controlled, concerned with the adjuvancy of caffeine in combination with various analgesic preparations (NSAIDs, aspirin, paracetamol). The overall and universal conclusion is that caffeine increases the efficacy, speed of onset, duration and patient satisfaction of such preparations and ibuprofen is cited as the ideal combinant because of a relatively low side effect profile. The report concludes with a dialogue of the poster presentation and conclusions, leaving little doubt that caffeine has the ability to provide adjuvant analgesia and could be particularly important when considering the ceiling effect of NSAIDs and increased incidence of side effects at higher doses. In conclusion, this book provides a focused symposium report exploring one particular facet of pain management, although some background of current pain theory and practice is provided, the knowledge is generally assumed and therefore aimed at the reader with some insight and interest in acute pain. It is not a summary document of recent pain management advances and therefore not necessarily suitable for the general reader or undergraduate, as I am sure was never the intent. As previously mentioned, caffeine adjuvancy is not a new concept and it is perhaps ironic that it has been somewhat confined to over the counter preparations. The final implications of the findings here, which seem overwhelmingly conclusive should provide a take home message to all and may of course be accepted into widespread clinical practice to extend the role of NSAIDs. J. P. WOOD >Manchester, UK
Long-Term Lymphocytapheresis Therapy in Multiple Sclerosis (1986)

Long-term lymphocytapheresis (LPH) therapy was applied in 9 patients with a relapsing-remitting course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and a high frequency of bouts. The therapeutic scheme included series of 4 LPH within 8 days, which were repeated every 6-8 weeks during 1 year or longer, until the myelin-reactive T cell test--which was used for immunological control--became normal. Altogether, the therapy was well tolerated, but severe problems with the veins occurred in 2 of the 9 patients. No bouts during LPH therapy were seen in 7 of the 9 patients. The 3 patients with the shortest duration of the disease showed an improvement of the Kurtzke scale. No relapses or a reduced relapse rate--compared to the time before LPH therapy--was observed in 6 of the 9 patients during the follow-up period of up to 23 months. Conclusively, long-term LPH therapy seems to be recommended as an alternative to the continuous administration of immunosuppressive drugs, especially for active cases of MS with a short duration of the disease.
ITEM: Immersive Telepresence for Entertainment and Meetings—A Practical Approach (2014)

This paper presents an immersive telepresence system for entertainment and meetings (ITEM). The system aims to provide a radically new video communication experience by seamlessly merging participants into the same virtual space to allow a natural interaction among them and shared collaborative contents. With the goal to make a scalable, flexible system for various business solutions as well as easily accessible by massive consumers, we address the challenges in the whole pipeline of media processing, communication, and displaying in our design and realization of such a system. Particularly, in this paper we focus on the system aspects that maximize the end-user experience, optimize the system and network resources, and enable various teleimmersive (TI) application scenarios. In addition, we also present a few key technologies, i.e., fast object-based video coding for real world data and spatialized audio capture and 3-D sound localization for group teleconferencing. Our effort is to investigate and optimize the key system components and provide an efficient end-to-end optimization and integration by considering user needs and preferences. Extensive experiments show the developed system runs reliably and comfortably in real time with a minimal setup requirement (e.g., a webcam or a color plus depth camera, an optional microphone array, a laptop/desktop connected to the Internet) for TI communication. With such a really minimal deployment requirement, we present a variety of interesting applications and user experiences created by ITEM.
Buried layer/connecting layer high energy implantation for improved CMOS latch-up (2002)

An integrated P-buried layer formed by MeV ion implantation combined with a localized P-connecting layer has been studied for latch-up isolation improvement for advanced CMOS technology. Latch-up trigger currents have been characterized with regards to buried layer dose/energy, connecting layer dose/energy, and n-well retrograde dose. Simulation results confirmed by data indicate that P/sup +/ injection trigger currents >450 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m can be achieved by utilizing certain combinations of B.L./C.L., and n-well retrograde doses for n+/p+ spacings=2.0 /spl mu/m. The B.L./C.L. process architecture shows great promise for providing an alternative isolation technique far latch-up improvement that is easy to implement, and for eliminating the dependence on epi silicon for latch-up control.
Clinical Studies of an Interferon Inducer, Polyriboinosinic-Polyribocytidylic Acid [Poly (I) * Poly (C)], in Children (1977)

Fifteen children ranging in age from one and one-half to 14 years received intravenous polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidylic acid [poly (I)-poly (C)], an interferon inducer. The patients all had serious neurologic illness either directly or circumstatially related to viral infection. Peak titers of interferon in serum ranged from 8 to 500 units/ml in response to doses of poly (I)-poly (C) of 0.1-1.0 mg/kg. Serum interferon persisted for less than or equal to 24 hr after induction. Hyporesponsiveness to a second dose of poly (I)-poly (C) persisted for seven days after initial induction, after which time full response again occurred. The half-life of poly (I) poly (C) in plasma as measured in three patients was less than 30 min. poly (I-poly(C) appears to be safe when given intravenously, but the low titers of interferon induced may limit its clinical usefulness as an antiviral drug.
Structure–activity relationships by interligand NOE-based design and synthesis of antiapoptotic compounds targeting Bid (2006)

Bcl-2 family proteins play a crucial role in tissue homeostasis and apoptosis (programmed cell death). Bid is a proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family, promoting cell death when activated by caspase-8. Following an NMR-based approach (structure-activity relationships by interligand NOE) we were able to identify two chemical fragments that bind on the surface of Bid. Covalent linkage of the two fragments led to high-affinity bidentate derivatives. In vitro and in-cell assays demonstrate that the compounds prevent tBid translocation to the mitochondrial membrane and the subsequent release of proapoptotic stimuli and inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the low micromolar range. Therefore, by using a rational chemical-biology approach, we derived antiapoptotic compounds that may have a therapeutic potential for disorders associated with Bid activation, e.g., neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral ischemia, or brain trauma.
Unemployment Insurance and Male Unemployment Duration in Canada (1986)

A model of unemployment duration is estimated with weekly micro data on a sample of Canadian men during the 1975 through 1980 period. Entitlement provisions in the unemployment insurance program and demand conditions are found to have a significant impact on the probability of leaving unemployment. The probability of a worker leaving unemployment declines with duration of unemployment, holding unemployment insurance entitlement constant. When entitlement is allowed to vary, the probability of leaving first falls and then generally rises with unemployment duration as the declining entitlement induces a greater willingness to accept offers or search more intensively. These results are robust to alternative specifications of duration dependence and to allowing for person-specific unobserved heterogeneity.
PREDICTION OF MARINE CORROSION USING A COMBINED ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK MODEL (2008)

Considering the limitation of the number of samples and the difficulty of the selection of the suitable number in hidden layer cells during constructing a BP prediction model of marine corrosion system,a combined ANN method with SOM(self-organizing feature map) and RBF(radial base function) was proposed to predict marine corrosion rate.By this method,the training and predicting were divided into two steps: clustering the samples at first,and then training and predicting them at the clustered areas,respectively,by SOM and RBF neural network.The prediction results of the marine corrosion of A3 and 16Mn steel showed that this method could improve the ability of local generalization of the network,which made the prediction much better than the normal BP network in terms of precision and speed.
Audio-visual object localization and separation using low-rank and sparsity (2017)

The ability to localize visual objects that are associated with an audio source and at the same time seperate the audio signal is a corner stone in several audio-visual signal processing applications. Past efforts usually focused on localizing only the visual objects, without audio separation abilities. Besides, they often rely computational expensive pre-processing steps to segment images pixels into object regions before applying localization approaches. We aim to address the problem of audio-visual source localization and separation in an unsupervised manner. The proposed approach employs low-rank in order to model the background visual and audio information and sparsity in order to extract the sparsely correlated components between the audio and visual modalities. In particular, this model decomposes each dataset into a sum of two terms: the low-rank matrices capturing the background uncorrelated information, while the sparse correlated components modelling the sound source in visual modality and the associated sound in audio modality. To this end a novel optimization problem, involving the minimization of nuclear norms and matrix ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norms is solved. We evaluated the proposed method in 1) visual localization and audio separation and 2) visual-assisted audio denoising. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multi-platform, multi-site instrumentation and reagent standardization (1998)

As flow cytometry laboratories involve themselves in more multi-site domestic and international clinical trial and research studies, it becomes imperative that they develop and adopt qualitative and quantitative standardization. This standardization does not need to be at the instrument-design level but it may evolve from a general consensus on instrument setup, internationally accepted standardized procedures, and quantitative fluorescence intensity units. Instrument condition, age, and setup as well as model and manufacturer all affect the overall instrument performance and quantitative characteristics. Therefore, when working with multiple instruments, platforms, or sites, a standard window of analysis is essential. Furthermore, we should strive to characterize instrument performance and quantitative indices so that data can be compared directly. The same thoughts and ideals hold true for standardizing procedures and reagents. Clones, conjugation, incubation times, pH, temperature, and other environmental conditions all combine to affect the qualitative and quantitative cellular indices that we are attempting to measure. Data are presented that illustrates why standardization is needed and how we have attempted to achieve it in our laboratories.
Inhibition of SARS Pseudovirus Cell Entry by Lactoferrin Binding to Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans (2011)

It has been reported that lactoferrin (LF) participates in the host immune response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) invasion by enhancing NK cell activity and stimulating neutrophil aggregation and adhesion. We further investigated the role of LF in the entry of SARS pseudovirus into HEK293E/ACE2-Myc cells. Our results reveal that LF inhibits SARS pseudovirus infection in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis suggested that LF was able to block the binding of spike protein to host cells at 4°C, indicating that LF exerted its inhibitory function at the viral attachment stage. However, LF did not disrupt the interaction of spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor of SARS-CoV. Previous studies have shown that LF colocalizes with the widely distributed cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Our experiments have also confirmed this conclusion. Treatment of the cells with heparinase or exogenous heparin prevented binding of spike protein to host cells and inhibited SARS pseudovirus infection, demonstrating that HSPGs provide the binding sites for SARS-CoV invasion at the early attachment phase. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to ACE2, HSPGs are essential cell-surface molecules involved in SARS-CoV cell entry. LF may play a protective role in host defense against SARS-CoV infection through binding to HSPGs and blocking the preliminary interaction between SARS-CoV and host cells. Our findings may provide further understanding of SARS-CoV pathogenesis and aid in treatment of this deadly disease.
Antiangiogenic gene therapy of cancer: recent developments (2004)

With the role of angiogenesis in tumor growth and progression firmly established, considerable effort has been directed to antiangiogenic therapy as a new modality to treat human cancers. Antiangiogenic agents have recently received much widespread attention but strategies for their optimal use are still being developed. Gene therapy represents an attractive alternative to recombinant protein administration for several reasons. This review evaluates the potential advantages of gene transfer for antiangiogenic cancer therapy and describes preclinical gene transfer work with endogenous angiogenesis inhibitors demonstrating the feasibility of effectively suppressing and even eradicating tumors in animal models. Additionally, we describe the advantages and disadvantages of currently available gene transfer vectors and update novel developments in this field. In conclusion, gene therapy holds great promise in advancing antiangiogenesis as an effective cancer therapy and will undoubtedly be evaluated in human clinical trials in the near future.
<title>Design and analysis of ad-hoc wireless networks for battlefield applications</title> (1999)

In this paper we examine the vulnerability of ad hoc wireless networks due to intentional jamming and propose techniques to enhance network survivability. In the proposed scheme, we first examined the vulnerability of ad hoc wireless networks due to jamming and estimate the effort needed to protect the network. We then offer a hybrid solutions that combines source routing, Forward Error Control Coding, bandwidth efficient modulation, enhancement of hop count etc. We intend to show that, such a hybrid solution is an effective measure to protect ad hoc wireless networks from intentional jamming.
Influence of comorbid conditions on asthma (2009)

Various conditions such as rhinosinusitis, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, psychological disturbances, chronic infections and obstructive sleep apnoea are often observed in asthmatic patients and may affect asthma control and outcomes. These comorbidities may change the asthma phenotype, be part of the same pathophysiological process, act as confounding factors in the diagnosis or assessment of control of asthma, and/or result from specific environmental exposures. The influences of these conditions on asthma are variable and for many of them still uncertain; nevertheless, they may alter asthma responses to current therapy. A systematic evaluation and an appropriate treatment of asthma-associated comorbid conditions should be part of asthma management, particularly for severe disease. With regard to clinical research, associated conditions may influence the results of trials and should be taken into account in the subjects' inclusion criteria and analysis of data.
Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications (2016)

Expanded PTFE Applications Handbook: Technology, Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive guide to ePTFE, explaining manufacturing technologies, properties, and applications. Technologies that were previously shrouded in secrecy are revealed in detail, as are the origins and history of ePFTE. The book is an essential handbook for scientists and engineers working in PTFE processing industries, and for manufacturers working with fluoropolymers. It is also of use to purchasing managers and academics
Potentional photomagnetic materials based on cation photochromic mononitrosyl complex of ruthenium (2004)

The synthesis of a series of novel compounds containing the photochromic mononitrosyl cation [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 NO] 3+ and metal complex paramagnetic anions : [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 NO] [M(CN) 6 ] (M= Cr (1), Fe (2)), [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 NO][Cr(CN) 5 NO] (3), [Ru(NH 3 ) 5 NO][M(ox) 3 ] (M=Cr (4), Fe (5)) is reported. The crystal structure of salt 1 is discussed. The magnetic properties of 1 and 4 compounds studied by EPR and SQUID experimental techniques are presented.
Thymulin: An Emerging Anti-Inflammatory Molecule (2005)

Thymulin is a neuroendocrine hormone with immunoregulatory actions. Originally known as serum thymic factor (FTS), thymulin binds to a carrier protein and zinc (Zn2+) to exert its biologic properties. Thymulin, albeit an essential hormone for the T lymphocyte differentiation and the normalization of the ratio of T-helper cells to suppressor cells, accumulating evidence suggests its involvement in inflammations of various etiologies. Recently, thymulin has been shown to have anti-nociceptive effects in hyperalgesia and in pain of neurogenic origin, ostensibly through action on sensory afferents and the release of anti-inflammatory mediators. Given its anti-inflammatory potential, thymulin downregulates the release of inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines and chemokines, upregulates anti-inflammatory factors, such as interleukin (IL)-10, and exerts molecular control via the regulation of transcription factors and mediators. Recent evidence tends to indicate that thymulin can be a therapeutic agent in many inflammatory diseases and in pathological conditions affecting the peripheral and/or the central nervous system. This review discusses current concepts in the antiinflammatory actions of thymulin and correlates this activity with an emerging theme for therapeutic treatment. Keywords: anti-inflammatory, cytokines, immune-therapy, inflammation, neurodegeneration, transcription factors, thymulin
Radiation-induced Apoptosis in Peritoneal Resident Macrophages of C3H Mice (2004)

Gamma ray-radiation induced significant apoptosis in peritoneal resident macrophages (PRMs) of C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice, but not in other strains of mice. To investigate the role of DNA damage in the apoptosis, DNA damage was quantified in PRMs by use of the alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay. No significant difference was found between C3H and C57Black/6 mice in either radiation-induced DNA damage or repair. Radiation induced apoptosis at the same levels in PRMs of p53 knockout mice and atm knockout mice as those of wild-type C3H mice; however radiation-induced apoptosis was significantly less extensive in the thymocytes of these mutant mice than in those of wild-type mice. Apoptosis was also induced at the same level by an irradiation in PRMs of C3H scid mice as in those of wild-type C3H mice. Therefore it was suggested that radiation-induced DNA damage and TP53, ATM, or DNA-PK-mediated cellular responses occurring downstream thereof were not involved in the radiation-induced apoptotic cell death in C3H mouse PRMs.