gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Ionic Liquid Modification on the ORR Performance and Degradation Mechanism of Trimetallic PtNiMo/C Catalysts (2019)

Ionic liquids (ILs) modification, following the concept of "solid catalyst with ionic liquid layer (SCILL)", has been demonstrated to be an effective approach to improving both activity and stability of Pt-based catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, the SCILL concept has been applied to a trimetallic PtNiMo/C system, which has been documented recently to be significantly advantageous over the benchmark PtNi-based catalysts for oxygen reduction. To achieve this, two hydrophobic ILs ([BMIM][NTF2] and [MTBD][BETI]) were used to modify PtNiMo/C with four IL-loading amounts between 7 and 38 wt %. We found that the Pt mass activity (@0.9 V) could be improved by up to 50% with [BMIM][NTF2] and even 70% when [MTBD][BETI] is used. Exceeding a specific IL loading amount, however, leads to a mass transport related activity drop. Moreover, it is also disclosed that both ILs can effectively suppress the formation of nonreactive oxygenated species, while at the same time imposing little effect on the electrochemical active surface area. For a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanism of pristine and IL modified PtNiMo/C, we applied identical location transmission electron microscopy and <i>in situ</i> scanning flow cell coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry techniques. It is disclosed that the presence of ILs has selectively accelerated the dissolution of Mo and eventually results in a more severe degradation of PtNiMo/C. This shows that future research needs to identify ILs that prevent the Mo dissolution to leverage the potential of the IL modification of PtNiMo catalysts.
Evaluation of the presence of 2-LTR HIV-1 unintegrated DNA as a simple molecular predictor of disease progression (1997)

In a preliminary cross-sectional analysis of 109 human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected subjects the presence of 2-long terminal repeat (LTR) unintegrated circular HIV-1 DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was found to be associated with both symptomatic infection (P = 0.0037) and low CD4 counts (P = 0.0004). To investigate the prognostic significance of the presence of 2-LTR HIV-1 DNA, a subset of 23 2-LTR-negative and 25 2-LTR-positive asymptomatic individuals were followed up for 12-24 months. The two groups did not differ in terms of baseline CD4 counts, zidovudine (ZDV) therapy, and duration of HIV-1 infection. Longitudinal analysis of CD4 values did not indicate a significantly different CD4 outcome between the two groups. However, when only ZDV-treated subjects were considered, a significant (P = 0.042) decrease in CD4 counts was found at month 24 with respect to baseline in 2-LTR-positive (n = 12) but not in 2-LTR-negative (n = 11) patients. Moreover, when > 40% CD4 loss from baseline and/or development of CDC stage B or C symptoms were considered as indicators of disease progression, there was a significantly higher number of events in the whole 2-LTR-positive group than in the whole 2-LTR-negative group (P = 0.0197 at month 12, P = 0.0299 at month 18, P = 0.0373 at month 24). Thus, the presence of 2-LTR HIV-1 DNA in PBMC merits further investigation as a simple, qualitative, molecular predictor of disease progression and decreased response to antiretroviral therapy.
A probabilistic approach to AMDF pitch detection (1996)

The authors present a probabilistic error correction technique to be used with an average magnitude difference function (AMDF) based pitch detector. This error correction routine provides a very simple method to correct errors in pitch period estimation. Used in conjunction with the computationally efficient AMDF, the result is a fast and accurate pitch detector. In performance tests on the CSTR (Center for Speech Technology Research) database, probabilistic error correction reduced the gross error rate from 6.07% to 3.29%.
The Control of Oxygen Activities in Argon-Oxygen Mixtures by Coulometric Titration (1974)

High‐temperature electrochemical cells based on stabilized zirconia as a solid electrolyte with porous platinum electrodes may be used either to monitor oxygen activities by open‐circuit measurements or else to pump oxygen into or out of stationary or streaming gas mixtures. In this work, a feed‐back control unit (potentiostat) in combination with a zirconia‐base solid electrolyte tube was used to simultaneously control and measure the oxygen partial pressure in a flowing inert carrier gas (argon). The oxygen activity of "tank" argon was controlled to desired levels between 2 × 10−2 and 10−16 atm oxygen. A four‐electrode double cell arrangement is shown to be superior to a three‐electrode arrangement.
Procedural Authorship: A Case-Study Of the Interactive Drama Façade (2005)

Lots has been written on use of SSRI during pregnancy and possible short and long term negative outcomes on neonates. the literature so far has described a various field of peripartum illness related to SSRI exposure during foetal life, such as increased incidence of low birth weight, respiratory distress, persistent pulmonary hypertension, poor feeding, and neurobehavioural disease. We know that different degrees of outcomes are possible, and not all the newborns exposed to SSRIs during pregnancy definitely will develop a negative outcome. So far, still little is known about the possible etiologic mechanism that could not only explain the adverse neonatal effects but also the degree of clinical involvement and presentation in the early period after birth. Pharmacogenetics and moreover pharmacogenomics, the study of specific genetic variations and their effect on drug response, are not widespread. This review describes possible relationship between SSRIs pharmacogenetics and different neonatal outcomes and summarizes the current pharmacogenetic inquiries in relation to maternal-foetal environment.
Intestinal Dendritic Cell Subsets: Differential Effects of Systemic TLR4 Stimulation on Migratory Fate and Activation In Vivo (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) present peripheral Ags to T cells in lymph nodes, but also influence their differentiation (tolerance/immunity, Th1/Th2). To investigate how peripheral conditions affect DC properties and might subsequently regulate T cell differentiation, we examined the effects of a potent DC-activating, TLR-4-mediated stimulus, LPS, on rat intestinal and hepatic DC in vivo. Steady-state rat intestinal and hepatic lymph DC are alpha(E2) integrin(high) (CD103) and include two subsets, signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPalpha)(hi/low), probably representing murine CD8alphaalpha(-/+) DC. Steady-state lamina propria DC are immature; surface MHC class II(low), but steady-state lymph DC are semimature, MHC class II(high), but CD80/86(low). Intravenous LPS induced rapid lamina propria DC emigration and increased lymph DC traffic without altering SIRPalpha(high)/SIRPalpha(low) proportions. CD80/86 expression on lymph or mesenteric node DC was not up-regulated after i.v. LPS. In contrast, i.v. LPS stimulated marked CD80/86 up-regulation on splenic DC. CD80/86 expression on intestinal lymph DC, however, was increased after in vitro culture with TNF-alpha or GM-CSF, but not with up to 5 mug/ml LPS. Steady-state SIRPalpha(low) DC localized to T cell areas of mesenteric nodes, spleen, and Peyer's patch, whereas SIRPalpha(high) DC were excluded from these areas. Intravenous LPS stimulated rapid and abundant SIRPalpha(high) DC accumulation in T cell areas of mesenteric nodes and spleen. In striking contrast, i.v. LPS had no effect on DC numbers or distribution in Peyer's patches. Our results suggest that any explanation of switching between tolerance and immunity as well as involving changes in DC activation status must also take into account differential migration of DC subsets.
Optimum doping profile of power MOSFET epitaxial layer (1982)

The epitaxial layer resistance of a MOSFET can be slightly reduced by using an optimum doping profile, which exhibits a minimum in the upper half of the layer when the layer thickness is large compared to the cell-to-ceU spacing. A gradual transition from the n epitaxial layer to the n+ substrate is desirable. When current spreading is significant, the resistance may rise as V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> rather than V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2.5</sup> .
Different Effects of SLCO1B1 Polymorphism on the Pharmacokinetics of Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin (2007)

Thirty-two healthy volunteers with different SLCO1B1 genotypes ingested a 20 mg dose of atorvastatin and 10 mg dose of rosuvastatin with a washout period of 1 week. Subjects with the SLCO1B1 c.521CC genotype (n=4) had a 144% (P<0.001) or 61% (P=0.049) greater mean area under the plasma atorvastatin concentration-time curve from 0 to 48 h (AUC(0-48 h)) than those with the c.521TT (n=16) or c.521TC (n=12) genotype, respectively. The AUC(0-48 h) of 2-hydroxyatorvastatin was 100% greater in subjects with the c.521CC genotype than in those with the c.521TT genotype (P=0.018). Rosuvastatin AUC(0-48 h) and peak plasma concentration (Cmax) were 65% (P=0.002) and 79% (P=0.003) higher in subjects with the c.521CC genotype than in those with the c.521TT genotype. These results indicate that, unexpectedly, SLCO1B1 polymorphism has a larger effect on the AUC of atorvastatin than on the more hydrophilic rosuvastatin.
A CRYO-BiCMOS technology with Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

A high-performance liquid-nitrogen temperature BiCMOS (CRYO-BiCMOS) technology with Si/SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) is presented. The newly developed HBT, which has an n/sup +/-polysilicon/n-type Si epitaxial layer emitter structure on a p-type SiGe base layer, shows a high current gain of 50 at liquid nitrogen temperature. Under the conditions of 3.3 V and 83 K, the driving capability of CRYO-BiCMOS gates is two times larger than that of the CRYO-CMOS gate. At 3.3 V and a load capacitance of 1 pF, the gate delay of CRYO-BiCMOS gate with pull-up HBT is 480 ps. The CRYO-BiCMOS with Si/SiGe HBTs presented is very promising for the future progress of BiCMOS LSIs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Predicting sex from brain rhythms with deep learning (2018)

We have excellent skills to extract sex from visual assessment of human faces, but assessing sex from human brain rhythms seems impossible. Using deep convolutional neural networks, with unique potential to find subtle differences in apparent similar patterns, we explore if brain rhythms from either sex contain sex specific information. Here we show, in a ground truth scenario, that a deep neural net can predict sex from scalp electroencephalograms with an accuracy of >80% (p < 10<sup>-5</sup>), revealing that brain rhythms are sex specific. Further, we extracted sex-specific features from the deep net filter layers, showing that fast beta activity (20-25 Hz) and its spatial distribution is a main distinctive attribute. This demonstrates the ability of deep nets to detect features in spatiotemporal data unnoticed by visual assessment, and to assist in knowledge discovery. We anticipate that this approach may also be successfully applied to other specialties where spatiotemporal data is abundant, including neurology, cardiology and neuropsychology.
Systems for the detection and identification of nuclear explosions in the atmosphere and in space (1965)

A qualitative perspective is given of problems encountered in designing systems for the detection and identification of nuclear explosions above the earth's surface. Pertinent physical phenomenology is summarized; detection techniques are explained briefly; effects of natural backgrounds are mentioned; system requirements are discussed; a summary comparative table is presented which incorporates these various considerations. The paper is meant to serve as an introduction to a group of technical papers on diverse related subjects.
<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> germ line: A model for stem cell biology (2007)

Like many stem cell systems, the Caenorhabditis elegans germ line contains a self-renewing germ cell population that is maintained by a niche. Although the exact cellular mechanism for self-renewal is not yet known, three recent studies shed considerable light on the cell cycle behavior of germ cells, including a support for significant and plastic renewal potential. This review brings together the results of the three recent cell-based studies, places them in the context of previous work, and discusses future perspectives for the field.
Environmentally induced macromolecular rearrangement on the surface of polyurethane–polysiloxane block copolymers (1991)

The surface of polyurethane–polysiloxane block copolymers with a controlled polysiloxane block segment length and defined siloxane content has been studied in dry and in wet states. The top surface of a cast block copolymer film was covered completely with the polysiloxane component in the dry state and the thickness of the top polysiloxane layer ranged from > 100 Å to < 20 Å depending on the block segment length and on the total siloxane content. Along with the change of contacting medium from dry to aqueous phase, a dynamic surface rearrangement occurred from a polysiloxane surface to polyurethane-like surface and the dynamics were monitored by means of contact-angle measurements with a captive bubble technique. The dynamics of this surface rearrangement process were systematically correlated with the total siloxane content and with the polysiloxane segment length. The type of polysiloxane segment, either block or graft, affected the surface dynamics markedly.
Ultra Scale‐Down To Define and Improve the Relationship between Flocculation and Disc‐Stack Centrifugation (2008)

The recovery of intracellular recombinant proteins produced in microbial systems typically requires physical, chemical or thermal treatment of the cells post-harvest to release the product into the broth, followed by removal of the cell debris using centrifugation or tangential flow filtration. Often a precipitation or flocculation step is introduced to facilitate the liquid-solid separation. Due to the complex nature of the cell materials and the unit operations, it is difficult to obtain data at laboratory scale that closely reflect the performance of these operations on larger scales (pilot or manufacturing). This study uses a predictive scale-down model that enables rapid optimization of the operating conditions for a flocculation followed with a centrifugation step using only small volumes (20 mL) of a high solids ( approximately 20% w/w) E. coli heat extract. Results obtained show that, with proper theoretical and experimental consideration to account for high cell density, conditions could be found that improve the beneficial interaction between flocculation and centrifugation. These experiments suggested that adding a higher level of a cationic polymer could substantially increase the strength of the flocculated particles produced, thereby enhancing overall clarification performance in a large scale centrifuge. This was subsequently validated at pilot scale.
Imino-1,2,4-dithiazoles. IV. Alkylation as a probe of no-bond resonance (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImino-1,2,4-dithiazoles. IV. Alkylation as a probe of no-bond resonanceJames E. OliverCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 15, 2235–2239Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00929a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00929a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Benefits of stopping smoking. (1993)

This article launches a special WESTERN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE effort to help prevent disease and disability. Erica Frank, MD, MPH, an Assistant Professor in the Department of Community and Preventive Medicine and Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, and Adjunct Professor at the Emory University School of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, will head the endeavor. The goals are to present scientific foundations for prevention and to provide practical ways to improve patients' lives. This first article addresses smoking cessation. We may think that we know it all, but we may not, and patients do not: about 25% of Americans smoke, and more than half of persons who ever smoked began their fatal habit before they were 18 years old. Side-stream smoke affects adults and children adversely, too, causing inflammation, infection, and cancer. Smokers need to stop smoking, and young people need to not start. Dr Frank's review is accompanied by a page for patients. It debunks myths and is designed to be duplicated so patients can leave their physician's office with a new lease on life in hand. Look for future prevention-oriented articles in this series that feature science and patient education.
Identification of BACE1 cleavage sites in human voltage-gated sodium channel beta 2 subunit (2010)

We identified a major (147-148 L↓M) and a minor (144-145 L↓Q) BACE1 cleavage site in human Navβ2. Our in vitro and cell-based results clearly show that the 147-148 L↓M is the major BACE1 cleavage site in human Navβ2. These findings expand our understanding of the role of BACE1 in voltage-gated sodium channel metabolism.
Applying global time Petri net analysis on the embedded software context (2011)

This paper presents an application of Global Time technique (GTT) which is an approach to construct class graphs of Time Petri nets based on relative and global time. Besides the constructing of GTT class graph we propose a schedulability analysis of quantitative time type for fixed priority policies and Earliest Deadline First (EDF). We propose that analysis of scenarios, or behavior itineraries duration of a system, can be done using this approach.
SNP discovery by mismatch-targeting of Mu transposition (2007)

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) represent a valuable resource for the mapping of human disease genes and induced mutations in model organisms. SNPs may become the markers of choice also for population ecology and evolutionary studies, but their isolation for non-model organisms with unsequenced genomes is often difficult. Here, we describe a rapid and cost-effective strategy to isolate SNPs that exploits the property of the bacteriophage Mu transposition machinery to target mismatched DNA sites and thereby to effectively detect polymorphic loci. To demonstrate the methodology, we isolated 164 SNPs from the unsequenced genome of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia), a much-studied species in population biology, and we validated 24 of them. The strategy involves standard molecular biology techniques as well as undemanding MuA transposase-catalyzed in vitro transposition reactions, and it is applicable to any organism.
Time-resolved fluorescence polarization measurements for entire emission spectra with a resistive-anode, single-photon-counting detector: The Fluorescence Omnilyzer (1997)

We report a fluorescence analyzer that records simultaneously the temporal profiles for both orthogonal linear polarizations for all wavelengths in a fluorescence emission spectrum. The Analyzer combines a resistive-anode single-photon-counting photomultiplier, imaging spectrograph, Wollaston polarizer, multiparameter analyzer with histograming memory, and standard timing electronics. The spectrograph disperses the fluorescence spectrum across the photocathode of the photomultiplier, and the Wollaston polarizer separates the spectra of the two polarizations in opposite directions from the center of the photocathode perpendicular to the direction of spectral dispersion. The locations at which each photon reaches the photocathode is determined by the ratios of the charges read from the four corners of the resistive anode. One of the two address coordinates that determine where in histogramming memory each photon is recorded is obtained by measuring the time of arrival of the photon at the detector relative to the pulse of light that excites the fluorescence. The second address coordinate is obtained by combining the most-significant bit of the location of the event along the direction on the resistive anode corresponding to the polarization of the photon with the multibit digital value indicating photon wavelength. Storing the data directly into histogramming memory permits display of the data set as it is recorded. Both the spectral and temporal calibrations of the fluorescence analyzer are independent of the polarization of the fluorescence. The ≈100 ps temporal resolution of the resistive-anode detector is well matched to the ≈1 ns full width at half-maximum pulses of light produced by the synchrotron storage ring that we use as the excitation source, but laser excitation could also be used with this detector. Recording simultaneously all of the data required for the global analysis of the time evolution of both linear polarization components of fluorescence, and thus, time-resolved anisotropy, reduces the duration of exposure of the sample to the excitation beam, hence, facilitating studies of fragile or photosensitive biological specimens.
Coprecipitated nickel–alumina catalysts for methanation at high temperature. Part 1.—Chemical composition and structure of the precipitates (1981)

A series of materials containing nickel and aluminium ions has been prepared by coprecipitation with alkaline solutions, under various conditions, from solutions of the nitrates. The composition and structure of the precipitates has been examined using a number of techniques including chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry and infrared spectroscopy. The precipitates have structures typical of minerals of the hydrotalcite group and particularly of the nickel-aluminium compound, takovite. They consist of brucite-like layers of composition [NixAl1–x(OH)2](1–x)+ and interlayers containing CO2–3, NO–3 or OH– ions, or combinations of these, depending on the preparation conditions, together with molecular water; the anions balance the excess charge of the brucite layers. It is concluded that the aluminium ions are randomly substituted for nickel ions in the brucite layers and that the structure of these layers is independent of the anions in the interlayer. For freshly precipitated samples, 0.5 ⩽x≲ 0.85, but for hydrothermally aged materials, 0.66 ⩽x⩽ 0.75; outside these ranges, boehmite or Ni(OH)2 from as separate phases. The results are compared with those for precipitates prepared from ammoniacal solutions and it is concluded that the two types of material are indistinguishable.