gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reciprocal regulation of estrogen and NGF receptors by their ligands in PC12 cells (1994)

Recent work has shown that estrogen receptor mRNA and protein co-localize with neurotrophin receptor systems in the developing basal forebrain. In the present study we examined the potential for reciprocal regulation of estrogen and neurotrophin receptor systems by their ligands in a prototypical neurotrophin target, the PC12 cell. Using in situ hybridization histochemistry, RT-PCR and a modified nuclear exchange assay, we found both estrogen receptor mRNA and estrogen binding in PC12 cells. Moreover, while estrogen binding was relatively low in naive PC12 cells, long-term exposure to NGF enhanced estrogen binding in these cells by sixfold. Furthermore, concurrent exposure to estrogen and NGF differentially regulated the expression of the two NGF receptor mRNAs. The expression of trkA mRNA was up-regulated, while p75NGFR mRNA was down-regulated transiently. The present data indicate that NGF may increase neuronal sensitivity to estrogen, and that estrogen, by differentially regulating p75NGFR and trkA mRNA, may alter the ratio of the two NGF receptors, and, consequently, neurotrophin responsivity. In view of the widespread co-localization of estrogen and neurotrophin receptor systems in the developing CNS, the reciprocal regulation of these receptor systems by NGF and estrogen may have important implications for processes governing neural maturation and the maintainance of neural function.
Fine-grained Recognition in the Noisy Wild: Sensitivity Analysis of Convolutional Neural Networks Approaches (2016)

In this paper, we study the sensitivity of CNN outputs with respect to image transformations and noise in the area of fine-grained recognition. In particular, we answer the following questions (1) how sensitive are CNNs with respect to image transformations encountered during wild image capture?; (2) how can we predict CNN sensitivity?; and (3) can we increase the robustness of CNNs with respect to image degradations? To answer the first question, we provide an extensive empirical sensitivity analysis of commonly used CNN architectures (AlexNet, VGG19, GoogleNet) across various types of image degradations. This allows for predicting CNN performance for new domains comprised by images of lower quality or captured from a different viewpoint. We also show how the sensitivity of CNN outputs can be predicted for single images. Furthermore, we demonstrate that input layer dropout or pre-filtering during test time only reduces CNN sensitivity for high levels of degradation. Experiments for fine-grained recognition tasks reveal that VGG19 is more robust to severe image degradations than AlexNet and GoogleNet. However, small intensity noise can lead to dramatic changes in CNN performance even for VGG19.
Longitudinal volume changes of hippocampal subfields and cognitive decline in Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Our results demonstrated the selective regional vulnerability of the hippocampus in the progression of PD. These findings corroborate neuropathological findings and add novel information about the involvement of the hippocampus in the cognitive dysfunction of PD.
Yet Another Algorithm for Pitch Tracking (2002)

In this paper, we present a pitch detection algorithm that is extremely robust for both high quality and telephone speech. The kernel method for this algorithm is the “NCCF or Normalized Cross Correlation” reported by David Talkin [1]. Major innovations include: processing of the original acoustic signal and a nonlinearly processed version of the signal to partially restore very weak F0 components; intelligent peak picking to select multiple F0 candidates and assign merit factors; and, incorporation of highly rohust pitch contours obtained from smoothed versions of low frequency portions of spectrograms. Dynamic programming is used to find the “best” pitch track among all the candidates, using both local and transition costs. We evaluated our algorithm using the Keele pitch extraction reference database as “ground truth” for both “high quality” and “telephone” speech. For both types of speech, the error rates obtained are lower than the lowest reported in the literature.
Activated Protein C Reduces the Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Spinal Cord Injury in Rats by Inhibiting Neutrophil Activation (2000)

APC reduced the ischemia/reperfusion-induced spinal cord injury by inhibiting neutrophil activation. The therapeutic mechanisms of APC might depend on its inhibitory effect on the production of TNF-alpha, which is a potent activator of neutrophils. Although the anticoagulant effects of APC might not be related to its ability to inhibit TNF-alpha production, its serine protease activity appears to be essential in the therapeutic mechanism. APC appears to have potential as a therapeutic agent for prevention of spinal cord injury in patients undergoing aortic aneurysm repair.
Sample Elimination for Generating Poisson Disk Sample Sets (2015)

Abstract In this paper we describe sample elimination for generating Poisson disk sample sets with a desired size. We introduce a greedy sample elimination algorithm that assigns a weight to each sample in a given set and eliminates the ones with greater weights in order to pick a subset of a desired size with Poisson disk property without having to specify a Poisson disk radius. This new algorithm is simple, computationally efficient, and it can work in any sampling domain, producing sample sets with more pronounced blue noise characteristics than dart throwing. Most importantly, it allows unbiased progressive (adaptive) sampling and it scales better to high dimensions than previous methods. However, it cannot guarantee maximal coverage. We provide a statistical analysis of our algorithm in 2D and higher dimensions as well as results from our tests with different example applications.
Herceptin and Gemcitabine for Metastatic Pancreatic Cancers That Overexpress HER-2/<i>neu</i> (2004)

The response rate of Herceptin and gemcitabine is similar to gemcitabine alone. The 7-month median survival in patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer suggests there may be a modest benefit for some patients. Infrequent HER-2/neu overexpression limits the role of targeting the HER-2/neu gene and prevents definitive conclusions on the addition of Herceptin to gemcibine for patients with pancreatic cancer.
Development of a Creatinine Sensor Based on a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer‐Modified Sol‐Gel Film on Graphite Electrode (2008)

Abstract An electrochemical creatinine sensor based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)‐modified sol‐gel film on graphite electrode was developed. The surface coating of MIP over sol‐gel was advantageous to obtain a porous film with outwardly exposed MIP cavities for unhindered selective rebinding of creatinine from aqueous and biological samples. A fast differential pulse, cathodic stripping voltammetric response of creatinine can be obtained after being preanodized the sensor in neutral medium containing appropriate amount of creatinine at +1.8 V versus SCE for 120 s. A linear response over creatinine concentration in the range of 1.23 to 100 μg mL −1 was exhibited with a detection limit of 0.37 μg mL −1 ( S/N =3).
Structural remodeling of nucleus ambiguus projections to cardiac ganglia following chronic intermittent hypoxia in C57BL/6J mice (2008)

The baroreflex control of heart rate (HR) is reduced following chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH). Since the nucleus ambiguus (NA) plays a key role in baroreflex control of HR, we examined whether CIH remodels vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. C57BL/6J mice (3-4 months of age) were exposed to either room air (RA) or CIH for 3 months. Confocal microscopy was used to examine NA axons and terminals in cardiac ganglia following Fluoro-Gold (FG) injections to label cardiac ganglia, and microinjections of tracer DiI into the left NA to anterogradely label vagal efferents. We found that: 1) Cardiac ganglia were widely distributed on the dorsal surface of the atria. Although the total number of cardiac ganglia did not differ between RA and CIH mice, the size of ganglia and the somatic area of cardiac principal neurons (PNs) were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the size of the PN nuclei was increased following CIH (P < 0.01). 2) NA axons entered cardiac ganglia and innervated PNs with dense basket endings in both RA and CIH mice, and the percentage of innervated PNs was similar (RA: 50 +/- 1.0%; CIH: 49 +/- 1.0%; P > 0.10). In CIH mice, however, swollen cardiac axons and terminals without close contacts to PNs were found. Furthermore, varicose endings around PNs appeared swollen and the axonal varicose area around PNs was almost doubled in size (CIH: 163.1 +/- 6.4 microm(2); RA: 88 +/- 3.9 microm(2), P < 0.01). Thus, CIH significantly altered the structure of cardiac ganglia and resulted in reorganized vagal efferent projections to cardiac ganglia. Such remodeling of cardiac ganglia and vagal efferent projections provides new insight into the effects of CIH on the brain-heart circuitry of C57BL/6J mice.
Using fuzzy sets to model the uncertainty in the fault location process of distribution networks (1994)

In the computerized fault diagnosis of distribution networks the heuristic knowledge of the control center operators can be combined with the information obtained from the network database and SCADA system. However, the nature of the heuristic knowledge is inexact and uncertain. Also the information obtained from the remote control system contains uncertainty and may be incorrect, conflicting or inadequate. This paper proposes a method based on fuzzy set theory to deal with the uncertainty involved in the process of locating faults in distribution networks. The method is implemented in a prototype version of the distribution network operation support system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Downregulation of transcription factor SOX2 in cancer stem cells suppresses growth and metastasis of lung cancer (2011)

These results suggest that the SP is an enriched source of lung tumour cells with stem cell properties and that SOX2 has an important role in maintaining stem cell properties and functions that may be a potential target for effective lung cancer therapy.
The longitudinal piezoelectric effect in rochelle-salt crystals (1937)

The piezoelectric coefficient d11' relating the compressional stress in any direction to the resulting polarization in the same direction is given from well-known transformation formulae. When the x' axis, with respect to which d11' is defined, makes equal angles with the three crystallographic axes, this longitudinal effect is a maximum. A plate cut with its normal in this direction is designated as "L-cut". Experiments made with a number of such plates are described, including their use as microphones and as sound-emitters at acoustic frequencies, as piezoelectric resonators for thickness vibrations, and as sources of ultrasonic waves. By a static method the value of d11' was found to be from 5400×10-8 to 6300×10-8 electrostatic units.
Luminiferous Aether & Transcendent Substratum (2016)

We offer a conceptual alternative to the now virtually abandoned notion of a luminiferous aether and propose a ‘new physics’ embracing the central idea that spacetime itself is regarded as a secondary reality, constructed from something more primitive: twistor space, a transcendent substratum or mesostratum. We also present a critique of mathematics as the sole means for discovery and validation of physical truths.
A new method for the synthesis of dinaphtho[1,2‐<i>b</i>;2′,1′‐<i>d</i>]thiophenes and selenophenes (2007)

Abstract Naphthalene‐1‐sulfonic acid dimethylamides were treated with n ‐BuLi and elemental sulfur or selenium to afford dinaphtho[1,2‐ b :2′,1′‐ d ]thiophenes and selenophenes, respectively. This is the first example of making two CS/Se bonds and a CC bond in a single step at room temperature and also demonstrates a useful method for the synthesis of both thiophenes and selenophenes on naphthalene. In the case of the reactions of elemental selenium, diselenides were also obtained along with dinaphtho[1,2‐ b :2′,1′‐ d ]selenophenes. The structure of dinaphtho[1,2‐ b :′,1′‐ d ]thiophene was characterized by X‐ray crystallography as a representative molecule. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:239–248, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/hc.20291
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 ICP0 Protein Mediates Activation of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 <i>rep</i> Gene Expression from a Latent Integrated Form (2004)

Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV-2) is a human parvovirus that requires the presence of a helper virus, such as the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to accomplish a complete productive cycle. In the absence of helper virus, AAV-2 can establish a latent infection that is characterized by the absence of expression of viral genes. So far, four HSV-1 early genes, UL5/8/52 (helicase primase complex) and UL29 (single-stranded DNA-binding protein), were defined as sufficient for AAV replication when cells were transfected with a plasmid carrying the wild-type AAV-2 genome. However, none of these viral products was shown to behave as a transcriptional factor able to activate AAV gene expression. Our study provides the first evidence that the immediate-early HSV-1 protein ICP0 can promote rep gene expression in cells latently infected with wild-type AAV-2. This ICP0-mediated effect occurs at the transcriptional level and involves the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Furthermore, using deletion mutants, we demonstrate that the localization of ICP0 to ND10 and their disruption is not required for the activation of the rep promoter, whereas binding of ICP0 to the ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP makes a significant contribution to this effect.
Biosynthesis of the Indole Alkaloids. Cell‐free Systems from <i>Catharanthus roseus</i> Plants (1982)

Abstract Cell‐free systems from Catharanthus roseus plants are utilized for various studies relating to the biosynthesis of indole alkaloids. Tryptamine ( 5 ) and secologanin ( 6 ), two fundamental building units, are shown to be incorporated into the alkaloid vindoline ( 7 ). In another study, catharanthine ( 18 ) and vindoline ( 7 ) are utilized by this enzyme system and coupled to the important bisindole biointermediate 3′,4′‐anhydrovinblastine The previously [20] used name for 17 , 3′, 4′‐dehydrovinblastine, is incorrect. ( 17 ). The latter substance is, in turn, incorporated and converted to the natural alkaloids leurosine ( 8 ), Catharine ( 9 ) and vinblastine ( 10 ), thereby providing information about the biosynthesis of these complex molecules. High pressure liquid chromatography assay of the enzymic mixture sheds light on the enzymes involved in the coupling of 18 and 7 .
Precision flip-chip solder bump interconnects for optical packaging (1992)

Solder bump flip-chip technology is particularly well suited to the packaging of classes of devices, such as fine pitch light emitting diode (LED) array electrophotographic print heads, which place premiums on precision alignment, high electrical interconnect density, close die placement, and low cost. The manufacturing feasibility of such an array was investigated, with particular emphasis on the quality of surface tension induced self-alignment inherent in solder bump bonding. An array of surface emitting LED diode array chips was fabricated employing 75- mu m-diameter solder bumps on 156- mu m pitch. The chips were spaced 15 mu m edge-to-edge, face down, on a glass substrate patterned with thin-film metallization. Chip-to-substrate alignment errors in the X-Y plane were found to be under 1.5 mu m with a standard deviation of under 1.0 mu m, well below the 10-15- mu m error typical of the standard mechanical alignment method. Improvements in light output uniformity and a reduction in scattered light over arrays manufactured with conventional die placement and wire bonding were also observed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radiation damage in single crystals of silicox produced by bombardment with Ne<sup>+</sup>and P<sup>+</sup>ions (1969)

Abstract Single crystals of silicon have been bombarded in channeling and random directions by 66–70 keV ions of neon and phosphorous. The resulting radiation damage has been studied as a function of dose up to approx. 1016 ions/cm2 by successively measuring the dip in X-ray yields which occurs when protons are injected into the 〈110〉 channel.
A high-speed buried channel MOSFET isolated by an implanted silicon dioxide layer (1981)

This paper describes a high-speed buried channel MOSFET dielectrically isolated from the substrate through the use of oxygen implantation technology. An implanted silicon dioxide layer is formed just beneath the surface. An n-type epitaxial layer is grown on the remaining thin single-crystal layer at the surface. Then, buried channel MOSFET's are formed on the n-type layer. The interface between the implanted SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and the upper silicon is abrupt, and the interface charge density is 6.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The effective carrier mobility calculated from the drain conductance is 750 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V . s. Leakage current which should be inherent in this device structure can not be observed. Submicron MOSFET's show much smaller threshold voltage shifts than conventional ones, and this agrees with the results of two-dimensional numerical calculation. A ring oscillator composed of MOSFET's with 1-µm channel length shows a minimum delay time of 95 ps and a power delay product of 310 fJ at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> of 15 V.
The relationship of the environmental effect of surfactants to their interfacial properties (1999)

Abstract In an investigation of possible relationships between interfacial properties of surfactants and their environmental effect, using several anionic and nonionic surfactants, a linear correlation was found between the parameters, Δ G 0 ad / A min , and rotifer toxicity. Δ G 0 ad is a standard free energy of adsorption at the air/aqueous solution interface, and A min is the minimal hydrated cross‐sectional area of the surfactant molecule. Both quantities were evaluated from surface tension data. This correlation is much better than attempted correlations of the toxicity with the negative logarithm of the critical micelle concentration (−log CMC) or with Δ G 0 ad or A min alone. The Δ G 0 ad / A min correlation with rotifer toxicity is also better than the correlation with the analogous parameter, Δ s | G ads 0| A min , obtained from adsorption isotherms of the surfactants on a solid immobilized membrane simulating a cell membrane. The data support our hypothesis that toxicity is determined both by adsorption tendency and ease of cell membrane penetration.
Planning Dynamic Activity and Resource Allocations Using a Risk-Aware Business Process Management Approach (2010)

The planning and effective usage of resources is a major challenge for organizations. More than ever through the global interconnections and the current economic situation the domain of resource allocation gains importance. Thus, within this paper we contribute to this research field by introducing a novel approach for dynamic activity and resource allocation using risk-aware business process simulations in order to facilitate and enhance planning and analysis activities. To clarify our work we show the application using a stylized business case.
Actinide Removal from Aqueous Waste Using Solid Supported Liquid Membranes (1987)

The actinides americium and plutonium can be removed and recovered from nitrate-nitric acid waste solutions using solid supported liquid membranes. The bifunctional organophosphorus extractants dihexyl-N,N-diethylcarbamoylmethylphosphonate (DHDECMP) and octylphenyl-N,N-diisobutylcarbamoylmethylphosphine oxide (0ØD(iB)CMPO) effectively remove actinides from low acid-high nitrate conditions when supported on Accurel polypropylene hollow fibers. Studies of the sorption of americium on inorganic ion exchangers from 0.25M oxalic acid and water are included to demonstrate the feasibility of actinide concentration from the strip solution after membrane transfer.
Multiplierless multiple constant multiplication (2007)

A variable can be multiplied by a given set of fixed-point constants using a multiplier block that consists exclusively of additions, subtractions, and shifts. The generation of a multiplier block from the set of constants is known as the multiple constant multiplication (MCM) problem. Finding the optimal solution, namely, the one with the fewest number of additions and subtractions, is known to be NP-complete. We propose a new algorithm for the MCM problem, which produces solutions that require up to 20% less additions and subtractions than the best previously known algorithm. At the same time our algorithm, in contrast to the closest competing algorithm, is not limited by the constant bitwidths. We present our algorithm using a unifying formal framework for the best, graph-based MCM algorithms and provide a detailed runtime analysis and experimental evaluation. We show that our algorithm can handle problem sizes as large as 100 32-bit constants in a time acceptable for most applications. The implementation of the new algorithm is available at www.spiral.net.
Gas phase transalkylation of diethylbenzene over a ZSM5/ZSM11 cocrystal zeolite catalyst (2006)

The transalkylation behaviours of alkylbenzenes and transalkyllation kinetics of diethylbenzene were investigated in a fixed-bed microreactor over a ZSM5/ZSM11 cocrystal zeolite. During the Fluid Catalytic Cracking(FCC) dry gas alkylation with benzene process, the addition of diethylbenzene, propylbenzene and butylbenzene mixtures not only suppresses the diethylbenzene, propylbenzene and butylbenzene products, in comparison with those of the pure FCC drygas alkylation with benzene, but also enhances the diethylbenzene, propylbenzene and butylbenzene transalkylations with benzene, respectively. The kinetics equation of diethylbenzene transalkylation can be described as: d[E_2B]/dt=K[E_2B],K=exp(27.74-16506.8/T), in which the calculation results are in good agreement with those of the pilot process. In the end, the life-test of the ZSM5/ZSM11 cocrystal zeolite catalyst was investigated.
ArF photoresist system: using cycloolefin-alt-maleic anhydride pericyclic acrylate terpolymers (1999)

The design of photoresists for 193 nm exposure systems has received extensive attention, with variable lithograph processes based on single layer resist as well as bi-layer and top surface imaging resists already been developed. Single layer resist systems can generally be divided into two classes: alicyclic and acrylic based on the polymer backbone. In acrylic systems, etching resistance is achieved by attaching pendant groups that have low Ohnishi numbers. In alicyclic systems, the high etching resistant substituent is directly incorporated in the backbone. Excellent ArF single layer photoresists have been derived form both types of polymers in several investigations. This work report on terpolymers of maleic anhydride, t-butyl-5-norbornene-2- carboxylate and polycyclic methacrylate derivatives as a resin for ArF photoresists formulated. Using these terpolymers which have a compatible property for 2.38 wt percent TMAH developer. The effects of terpolymers, type of PAG, dissolution inhibitors, base component, baking temperature and time delay on ArF SLR are also investigated.