gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for neurosurgical site infections after craniotomy: a critical reappraisal of antibiotic prophylaxis on 4578 patients (2005)

The objective of this study was to evaluate incidence and risk factors of postoperative infections, with emphasis on antibiotic prophylaxis, in a series of 4578 craniotomies. A prospective database was implemented for surveillance of postcraniotomy infections. During period A, no antibiotic prophylaxis was prescribed for scheduled, clean craniotomies, lasting less than 4 h, whereas emergency, clean-contaminated or long-lasting craniotomies received cloxacillin or amoxicillin-clavulanate. During period B, prophylaxis was given to every craniotomy. The effect of prophylaxis on craniotomy infections, independently of other risk factors, was studied by multivariate analysis. The overall infection rate was 6.6%. CSF leak, male gender, surgical diagnosis, surgeon, early re-operation, surgical duration and absence of prophylaxis were independent risk factors. CSF leak had the highest odds ratio. Antibiotic prophylaxis decreased infection rate from 9.7% down to 5.8% in the entire population (p<0.0001) mainly by decreasing rates in low risk patients from 10.0% down to 4.6% (p<0.0001). Antibiotic prophylaxis in craniotomy is effective in preventing surgical site infections even in low-risk patients.
Zero-Doppler Pseudorange Biases (2018)

Accurate GNSS time transfer depends on the precise determination of pseudorange biases. The prominent source of pseudorange bias is the hardware delay in receiver elements (antenna, cable and receiver frontend), but other sources of bias do exist. This paper addresses a bias that has so far not received much attention in the GNSS community, and which specifically affects pseudoranges taken at small or zero Doppler. These biases are of particular relevance to time transfer based on geostationary satellites or to absolute receiver calibrations involving the simulation of geostationary satellites. The paper starts by showing that GNSS pseudoranges can exhibit an oscillating error pattern when the Doppler is smaller than a few Hertz. At zero Doppler, some satellites are shown to be affected by a constant nanosecond-level bias. Examples from real-life datasets and GNSS simulations, and from different types of geodetic-grade receivers are given. The paper describes the nature of this type of bias. It is explained why GNSS receivers tend to have difficulties producing accurate pseudoranges when the Doppler is lower than a few Hertz. It is shown that the resulting bias depends on the receiver digital sampling frequency and on the satellite PRN code and chipping rate. The size of the bias is quantified for the different GNSS constellations and signals and for typical sampling frequencies used in GNSS receivers employed for time transfer. It is shown that the GPS L1 C/A signals are the most affected, and that the effect is satellite-dependent, with some satellites showing biases of up to 30 cm (1ns). It is then shown that the error can be predicted and compensated for when the relevant receiver parameters are known. The pseudorange errors from an uncorrected receiver and from a receiver applying a zero-Doppler bias compensation are compared, demonstrating the accuracy of the compensation.
An Annulation Toward Fused Bicyclolactones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
TOOLS FOR TOMORROW'S GEOPHYSICS * (1962)

A bstract The introduction of methods for recording and processing field data in digital form on magnetic tape for subsequent processing on electronic computers will result in major improvements in geophysical prospecting techniques. This offers great advantages over analogue recording such as increased dynamic range, greater filter flexibility, more convenience in processing by correlation techniques, freedom from distortion and noise, better adaptability to automatic plotting and contouring, and greater suitability for inverse convolution procedures. Digitally recorded seismic signals can be reliably transmitted long distances by telephone circuits to central data processing centers. Electronic computers facilitate processing of gravity, magnetic, and other potential field data. Smoothing, residual, correlation, and derivative techniques for handling data in digital form can enhance speed and flexibility of processing.
Production of Metal Filament by In-Rotating-Water Spinning Method (1981)

A new method is proposed, which can directly produce continuous filament with round cross-section from molten metal. In this method molten metal jet is ejected into the water layer formed on the inner surface of a rotating drum. Production examples of lead and Pd-alloy filaments are presented. In addition, the relation between the continuity, surface appearance and cross-section of lead filament and spinning conditions, such as drum speed, jet speed, incidence angle of jet into the water layer and water thickness, is discussed. This method may be applicable to the production of amorphous metal filaments with round cross-section.
The Amino Acid Utilization by Phase I Bordetella pertussis in a Chemically Defined Medium (1966)

SUMMARY: Phase I Bordetella pertussis was grown in a chemically defined medium containing 20 amino acids (including glutamine) plus glutathione. Growth was limited by depletion of three of the components, L-glutamic acid, L-proline and L-glutamine. Increasing the concentrations of these three components more than doubled the yield of organism. The following components were utilized, but did not limit growth: alanine, glycine, histidine, serine; cystine and glutathione were also substantially used. Ten amino acids which were not utilized to any significant extent could be omitted without diminishing growth. A preferential order of amino acid utilization is suggested. Glutamic acid appears to be important for antigenicity.
Quantitative chemical exchange sensitive MRI using irradiation with toggling inversion preparation (2012)

Chemical exchange (CE) sensitive MRI contrast acquired with an off-resonance irradiation pulse is affected by other relaxation mechanisms, such as longitudinal and transverse relaxations. In particular, for intermediate CEs, the effect of transverse relaxation often dominates CE contrast. Since water relaxation rates can change significantly in many pathological conditions or during physiological challenge, it is crucial to separate these relaxation effects in order to obtain pure CE contrast. Here we proposed a novel acquisition scheme in which a toggling inversion pulse is applied prior to the off-resonance irradiation. By combined acquisition of irradiation images with and without an inversion pulse at both the labile proton frequency and the reference frequency, longitudinal and transverse relaxation contributions are cancelled, and the quantification of CE parameters, such as the exchange rate and the labile proton concentration, can be simplified. Furthermore, the CE-mediated relaxation rate can be readily determined with a relatively short irradiation pulse and without approaching the steady state, therefore, reducing the limitations on hardware and specific absorption rate requirements. The signal characteristics of the proposed method are evaluated by numerical simulations and phantom experiments.
Investigations on error minimizing training criteria for discriminative training in automatic speech recognition (2005)

Discriminative training criteria have been shown to consistently outperform maximum likelihood trained speech recognition systems. In this paper we employ the Minimum Classification Error (MCE) criterion to optimize the parameters of the acoustic model of a large scale speech recognition system. The statistics for both the correct and the competing model are solely collected on word lattices without the use of N -best lists. Thus, particularly for long utterances, the number of sentence alternatives taken into account is significantly larger compared to N -best lists. The MCE criterion is embedded in an extended unifying approach for a class of discriminative training criteria which allows for direct comparison of the performance gain obtained with the improvements of other commonly used criteria such as Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) and Minimum Word Error (MWE). Experiments conducted on large vocabulary tasks show a consistent performance gain for MCE over MMI. Moreover, the improvements obtained with MCE turn out to be in the same order of magnitude as the performance gains obtained with the MWE criterion.
Drug Reactions to the Sulfones (1970)

In a brief temporal span, two patients treated with diaminodiphenyl sulfone had significant reactions to the drug. These were severe hemolysis and the hitherto undescribed reaction of cholestatic jaundice. Review of the literature in regards to indications for sulfone therapy and the drug-associated reactions was accomplished. A range of diseases from cystic acne to recurrent carcinoma of the cervix uteri are reported to respond beneficially to these drugs. Among the multifold reactions are included several cutaneous syndromes. The significance of these drug reactions to the practicing dermatologist is increasing, in view of the varied dermatologic indications for their use and the numerous cutaneous manifestations of intolerance to them.
Synaptic determinants of Rett syndrome (2010)

There is mounting evidence showing that the structural and molecular organization of synaptic connections is affected both in human patients and in animal models of neurological and psychiatric diseases. As a consequence of these experimental observations, it has been introduced the concept of synapsopathies, a notion describing brain disorders of synaptic function and plasticity. A close correlation between neurological diseases and synaptic abnormalities is especially relevant for those syndromes including also mental retardation in their symptomatology, such as Rett syndrome (RS). RS (MIM312750) is an X-linked dominant neurological disorder that is caused in the majority of cases by mutations in methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2). This review will focus on the current knowledge of the synaptic alterations produced by mutations of the gene MeCP2 in mouse models of RS and will highlight prospects experimental therapies currently in use. Different experimental approaches have revealed that RS could be the consequence of an impairment in the homeostasis of synaptic transmission in specific brain regions. Indeed, several forms of experience-induced neuronal plasticity are impaired in the absence of MeCP2. Based on the results presented in this review, it is reasonable to propose that understanding how the brain is affected by diseases such as RS is at reach. This effort will bring us closer to identify the neurobiological bases of human cognition.
<title>Large-format color holograms recorded on ultrahigh-resolution silver halide emission</title> (1996)

Recording of large-format color reflection holograms of the Denisyuk type has been performed in the new HOLOS' color holography facility in New Hampshire. Ultra-high resolution silver-halide emission of the Russian type is employed for the recording. With dichroic filter beam combination in the recording setup, simultaneous red-green-blue exposure is conducted. By this method, the RGB color balance ratio and overall exposure energy on the emulsion can be controlled independently. The facility is equipped with several high- power cw lasers (krypton-ion, argon-ion, and frequency- doubled Nd:YAG) to obtain three suitable laser wavelengths for color hologram production. A 30 foot long optical table enables HOLOS to generate color holograms up to 60 cm by 80 cm.
Rehabilitation in a rural setting of a young quadriplegic accident victim. Integrative clinicopathological conference: medical, psychosocial, economic, preventive, and ethical dimensions of a case study. (1986)

Problems encountered by a young, unmarried woman who, as a result of a spinal injury in an automobile accident, loses use of all four limbs and requires complex home health care services delivered by a network of health and social service agencies in a rural area of Kentucky. Economic, psychosocial, ethical, preventive, and medical aspects of health care are discussed.
Regulation of<i>Arabidopsis</i>Brassinosteroid Signaling by Atypical Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Proteins   (2009)

Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins are highly conserved transcription factors critical for cell proliferation and differentiation. Recent studies have implicated bHLH proteins in many plant signaling processes, including brassinosteroid (BR) signaling. Here, we report identification of two families of atypical bHLH proteins capable of modulating BR signaling. We found that activation-tagged bri1 suppressor 1-Dominant (atbs1-D), previously identified as a dominant suppressor of a weak BR receptor mutant bri1-301, was caused by overexpression of a 93-amino acid atypical bHLH protein lacking amino acids critical for DNA binding. Interestingly, atbs1-D only suppresses weak BR mutants, while overexpression of a truncated ATBS1 lacking the basic motif also rescues bri1-301, suggesting that ATBS1 likely stimulates BR signaling by sequestering negative BR signaling components. A yeast two-hybrid screen using ATBS1 as bait discovered four ATBS1-Interacting Factors (AIFs) that are members of another atypical bHLH protein subfamily. AIF1 exhibits an overlapping expression pattern with ATBS1 and its homologs and interacts with ATBS1 in vitro and in vivo. AIF1 overexpression nullifies the suppressive effect of atbs1-D on bri1-301 and results in dwarf transgenic plants resembling BR mutants. By contrast, silencing of AIF1 partially suppressed the bri1-301 phenotype. Our results suggested that plants use these atypical bHLH proteins to regulate BR signaling.
PSP-based decoding for space-time trellis code (2002)

The problem of adaptive decoding of space-time trellis code (STTC) on the time-variant wireless channels is considered in this paper. We show that the per-survivor processing (PSP) is a straightforward derivation of the practical maximum likelihood sequence detection (MLSD) of STTC when there are no periodically inserted orthogonal pilot symbols (OPS). On this understanding PSP decoders based on Kalman filter and accelerated self-tuning least-mean-square (ASTLMS) algorithm are discussed. Computer simulation results show that all these PSP decoders provide fairly good performance on slowly and moderately fast time-varying channels.
High-pressure collisional activation mass spectrometry (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-pressure collisional activation mass spectrometryKarl Blom and Burnaby MunsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 12, 3793–3799Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00350a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (757 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Remote Sensing Based Detection of Minefields (2003)

Abstract In this article the use of remote sensing techniques to locate minefields over a number of selected areas in Zimbabwe is discussed, representing different types of landmine deployment, climatic zones, natural environments, etc. In order to detect the minefields use is made of indirect indicators as the detail of the images did not allow direct identification of landmines. The work conducted is focussing on the suitability of multi‐temporal aerial photographs and satellite images for the detection of minefields together with ancillary (conflict) information. Analysis of the images acquired showed that, even at lower spatial resolutions, but through the use of multi-temporal images, important minefield related indicators could be identified, providing important information for the mine action process. For validation of the interpretations use was made of a minefield map book that was available for these border minefields.
핵발전의 위험과 생태민주주의의 전망 (2006)

오늘날 민주주의는 더 이상 생태적 전환의 요청과 무관하지 않다. 생태위기는 이미 우리의 생생한 현실이다. 이런 상황에서 생태적 전환을 추구하지 않는다면, 그것은 결코 민주주의의 발전을 도모하는 것이라고 할 수 없다. 핵발전의 절대적 위험은 그 반생태성에서 비롯된다. 따라서 핵발전의 중단을 추구하는 것은 생태적 전환의 핵심을 이룬다. 위험한 핵발전의 반민주주의를 넘어서 생태민주주의에 기반을 둔 생태복지사회로 나아가야 한다. 햇빛발전을 포함한 다양한 생태적 발전방식은 안전한 발전방식일 뿐만 아니라 바로 그렇기 때문에 민주적으로 의사결정을 이루고 자연과 후세의 권리를 지킬 수 있는 발전방식이다. 핵발전이 절대적 위험을 낳는 거대기술이라면, 햇빛발전은 안전한 적정기술이다. 문명의 전환을 선도해야 경제적 성장도 지속할 수 있다. 생태적 경제의 시대는 이미 우리 앞에 다가와 있다. 생태적 전환의 요청을 도외시하고 사회발전을 이룰 수 있는 길은 없다.
Reductions in visceral fat during weight loss and walking are associated with improvements inV˙<scp>o</scp> <sub>2 max</sub> (2001)

The accumulation of visceral fat is independently associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether the loss of visceral adipose tissue area (VAT; computed tomography) is related to improvements in maximal O(2) uptake (VO(2 max)) during a weight loss (250-350 kcal/day deficit) and walking (3 days/wk, 30-40 min) intervention. Forty obese [body fat 47 +/- 1 (SE) %], sedentary (VO(2 max) 19 +/- 1 ml. kg(-1). min(-1)) postmenopausal women (age 62 +/- 1 yr) participated in the study. The intervention resulted in significant declines in body weight (-8%), total fat mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; -17%), VAT (-17%), and subcutaneous adipose tissue area (-17%) with no change in lean body mass (all P < 0.001). Women with an average 10% increase in VO(2 max) reduced VAT by an average of 20%, whereas those who did not increase VO(2 max) decreased VAT by only 10%, despite comparable reductions in body fat, fat mass, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area. The decrease in VAT was independently related to the change in VO(2 max) (r(2) = 0.22; P < 0. 01) and fat mass (r(2) = 0.08; P = 0.05). These data indicate that greater improvements in VO(2 max) with weight loss and walking are associated with greater reductions in visceral adiposity in obese postmenopausal women.
In vitro Enzymatic Degradation of Nanoparticles Prepared from Hydrophobically‐Modified Poly(<i>γ</i>‐glutamic acid) (2005)

Amphiphilic poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (gamma-PGA) was prepared by the introduction of L-phenylalanine ethylester (L-PAE) as a side chain. This gamma-PGA-graft-L-PAE formed monodispersed nanoparticles in water. The particle size of the gamma-PGA nanoparticles could be controlled by the degree of L-PAE grafting. The hydrolytic degradation and enzymatic degradation by gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP) of these gamma-PGA nanoparticles was studied by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrolysis ratio of gamma-PGA was found to decrease upon increasing the hydrophilicity of the gamma-PGA. The degradation of the gamma-PGA backbone by gamma-GTP resulted in a dramatic change in nanoparticle morphology. With increasing time, the gamma-PGA nanoparticles reduced in size and finally disappeared completely.Time-course of the changes in the morphology of the gamma-PGA nanoparticles following incubation with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.
[Preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the vaccine against trychophytosis in cattle]. (1979)

The effectiveness of vaccine against dermatomycosis, caused by Trichophyton verrucosum, was studied in young cattle in three herds. The vaccines of Czechoslovak and Soviet production had almost the same effectiveness in prevention. In healthy calves without clinical signs of trichophytosis vaccinated at an age of one to three months with a dose of 2.5 to 5.0 ml, applied intramuscularly, and revaccinated with due respect to the rules of hygiene in the calf-houses, an incidence of 0 to 13% in the three- to five-month period of study was observed. In the non-vaccinated control groups, the incidence under the same infection conditions and in the same period was 36.3 to 100.0%. At the early stage of vaccination--during the inoculation of the animals suspected of being infected--the incidence of the disease was 50.0 to 68.8% and mostly showed no difference from incidence observed in the nonvaccinated control cattle. The therapeutic effect of the vaccine and Mykolastanox F is characterized by the fact that zero prevalence was obtained in the animals ten weeks after vaccination. Animals treated locally with Mykolastanox F showed zero prevalence 12 weeks after the beginning of treatment.
Angiotensin receptor antagonists for the treatment of hypertension (1998)

Angiotensin receptor antagonists are a new class of antihypertensive drugs. They act by blocking
Balanced Parenting: The Effects of Family Functioning on Suicide and Non-Suicidal Self-Injury in Adolescents (2019)

Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. Suicidal behavior is also highly correlated with non-suicidal self-injury. Many studies show a correlation between the level of family functioning and these adolescent self-harming behaviors. In this review specifically, a compilation of synthesized studies shows that two factors of family functioning—cohesion and flexibility—have a high association with self-harming behavior in adolescents. Families with low levels of cohesion (disengaged) frequently cause feelings of loneliness and isolation, which may lead youth to self-harm. Inversely, adolescents of families with extremely high levels of cohesion (enmeshed) often feel unable to express their true feelings with over-controlling parents. In many cases, they express these emotions through self-harm. Low levels of flexibility (rigid) indicate families that are resistant to change. Adolescents in these families feel they lack freedom and might use self-harm to channel the frustration they feel. Families with levels of flexibility which are too high (chaotic) lack the structure necessary to provide emotional support to the adolescent, which again is associated with self-harming behavior. In cases of self-harming adolescents, therapy should be provided not only to the adolescents but also to the parents. Future research should emphasize how to better help parents improve their family functioning.
Modeling Water Molecules in Protein−Ligand Docking Using GOLD (2005)

We implemented a novel approach to score water mediation and displacement in the protein-ligand docking program GOLD. The method allows water molecules to switch on and off and to rotate around their three principal axes. A constant penalty, sigma(p), representing the loss of rigid-body entropy, is added for water molecules that are switched on, hence rewarding water displacement. We tested the methodology in an extensive validation study. First, sigma(p) is optimized against a training set of 58 protein-ligand complexes. For this training set, our algorithm correctly predicts water mediation/displacement in approximately 92% of the cases. We observed small improvements in the quality of the predicted binding modes for water-mediated complexes. In the second part of this work, an entirely independent set of 225 complexes is used. For this test set, our algorithm correctly predicts water mediation/displacement in approximately 93% of the cases. Improvements in binding mode quality were observed for individual water-mediated complexes.