gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extreme‐Value Statistics Reveal Rare Failure‐Critical Defects in Additive Manufacturing (2017)

Additive manufacturing enables the rapid, cost effective production of customized structural components. To fully capitalize on the agility of additive manufacturing, it is necessary to develop complementary high‐throughput materials evaluation techniques. In this study, over 1000 nominally identical tensile tests are used to explore the effect of process variability on the mechanical property distributions of a precipitation hardened stainless steel produced by a laser powder bed fusion process, also known as direct metal laser sintering or selective laser melting. With this large dataset, rare defects are revealed that affect only ≈2% of the population, stemming from a single build lot of material. The rare defects cause a substantial loss in ductility and are associated with an interconnected network of porosity. The adoption of streamlined test methods will be paramount to diagnosing and mitigating such dangerous anomalies in future structural components.
Differential radioprotection of bone marrow and tumour cells by zinc aspartate (1988)

The radioprotector zinc aspartate did not inhibit the radiotherapeutic effect of gamma rays on human tumours grown as xenografts in immunosuppressed mice, while aminothiol radioprotectors afforded a slight inhibition. On the other hand, zinc aspartate significantly reduced the fall in the haematocrit and numbers of thrombocytes, erythrocytes and leucocytes caused by irradiation, indicating a sparing effect on bone marrow precursors of peripheral blood cells. This differential protection of neoplastic and normal cells may be of considerable benefit in clinical cancer radiotherapy, provided that zinc aspartate is better tolerated and has a more favourable therapeutic index in humans than aminothiol radioprotectors.
Piecewise linear modeling of nonlinear devices for formal verification of analog circuits (2012)

Abstract—We consider different piecewise linear (PWL) models for nonlinear devices in the context of formal DC operating point and transient analyses of analog circuits. PWL models allow us to encode a verification problem as constraints in linear arithmetic, which can be solved efficiently using modern SMT solvers. Numerous approaches to piecewise linearization are possible, including piecewise constant, simplicial piecewise linearization and canonical piecewise linearization. We address the question of which PWL modeling approach is the most suitable for formal verification by experimentally evaluating the performance of various PWL models in terms of running time and accuracy for the DC operating point and transient analyses of several analog circuits. Our results are quite surprising: piecewise constant (PWC) models, the simplest approach, seem to be the most suitable in terms of the trade-off between modeling precision and the overall analysis time. Contrary to expectations, more sophisticated device models do not necessarily provide significant gains in accuracy, and may result in increased running time. We also present evidence suggesting that PWL models may not be suitable for certain transient analyses. I.
Inhibition of cardiac fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation by resveratrol (2004)

Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) regulate myocardial remodeling by proliferating, differentiating, and secreting extracellular matrix proteins. Prolonged activation of CFs leads to cardiac fibrosis and reduced myocardial contractile function. Resveratrol (RES) exhibits a number of cardioprotective properties; however, the possibility that this compound affects CF function has not been considered. The current study tests whether RES directly influences the growth and proliferation of CFs and differentiation to the hypersecretory myofibroblast phenotype. Pretreatment of CFs with RES (5-25 microM) inhibited basal and ANG II-induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and ERK kinase activation. This inhibition by RES reduced basal proliferation and blocked ANG II-induced growth and proliferation of CFs in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured by [(3)H]leucine and [(3)H]thymidine incorporation, respectively. RES pretreatment attenuated ERK phosphorylation when CFs were stimulated with 0.2 nM epidermal growth factor (EGF), a concentration at which EGF-induced ERK activation over basal was similar to the phosphorylation induced by 100 nM ANG II. Akt phosphorylation in CFs was unaffected by treatment with either 100 nM ANG II or 25 microM RES. Pretreatment of CFs with RES also reduced both ANG II- and transforming growth factor-beta-induced CF differentiation to the myofibroblast phenotype, indicated by a reduction in alpha-smooth muscle actin expression and stress fiber organization in CFs. This study identifies RES as an anti-fibrotic agent in the myocardium by limiting CF proliferation and differentiation, two critical steps in the pathogenesis of cardiac fibrosis.
Circular Buffer Rate-Matched Polar Codes (2017)

A practical rate-matching system for constructing rate-compatible polar codes is proposed. The proposed polar code circular buffer rate-matching is suitable for transmissions on communication channels that support hybrid automatic repeat request communications, as well as for flexible resource-element rate-matching on single transmission channels. Our proposed circular buffer rate matching scheme also incorporates a bit-mapping scheme for transmission on bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM) channels using higher order modulations. An interleaver is derived from a puncturing order obtained with a low complexity progressive puncturing search algorithm on a base code of short length, and has the flexibility to achieve any desired rate at the desired code length, through puncturing or repetition. The rate-matching scheme is implied by a two-stage polarization, for transmission at any desired code length, code rate, and modulation order, and is shown to achieve the symmetric capacity of BICM channels. Numerical results on AWGN and fast fading channels show that the rate-matched polar codes have a competitive performance when compared with the spatially-coupled quasi-cyclic LDPC codes or LTE turbo codes, while having similar rate-dematching storage and computational complexities.
Communicating Presentation Information in Internet Messages: The Content-Disposition Header Field (1997)

This memo provides a mechanism whereby messages conforming to the MIME specifications [RFC 2045, RFC 2046, RFC 2047, RFC 2048, RFC 2049] can convey presentational information. It specifies the Content-Disposition header field, which is optional and valid for any MIME entity (message or part). Two values for this header field are described in this memo; one for the ordinary linear presentation of the body part, and another to facilitate the use of mail to transfer files. It is expected that more values will be defined in the future, and procedures are defined for extending this set of values.
Electrical Stress-free High Gain and High Swing Analog Buffer Using an Adaptive Biasing Scheme (2007)

Analog circuit design techniques to avoid electrical stress are presented. A dual logic scheme and an adaptively biased common source output buffer are used to meet a reliability guideline that ensures sufficient lifetime. Both techniques are successfully used to implement an operational amplifier in a 45-nm standard CMOS process.
α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase Immunoreactivity in Partial Atrophy of the Prostate (2006)

It was reported that 15 of 19 consultation cases of prostatic partial atrophy were a-methylacyl coenzyme A racemase (AMACR)-positive. We investigated partial atrophy cases from a single institution using a standard AMACR immunostaining method. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using an antibody cocktail containing p63, high-molecular-weight keratin (34bE12), and AMACR antibodies on 122 foci of partial atrophy. AMACR staining was analyzed in partial atrophy (n = 122) and compared with adjacent benign glands (n = 122) and prostatic carcinomas (n = 28). Of 122 foci of partial atrophy, 38 (31.1%) showed AMACR immunoreactivity. Typically, AMACR staining was weak or moderate. In addition, 82 (67.2%) showed patchy to negative distribution of basal cells. Partial atrophy may show AMACR immunoreactivity when using a 34bE12, p63, and AMACR antibody cocktail staining method. Compounding this problem, focal lack of basal cells may be seen. However, the AMACR staining pattern of partial atrophy is usually comparable to that of adjacent benign glands and substantially different from adenocarcinoma.
A multicell battery system design for electric and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2012)

The performance of electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEVs) strongly relies on their battery storage system, which consists of multiple battery cells connected in series and parallel. However, cell state variations are commonly present, which reduces the energy conversion efficiency of the battery system. Furthermore, in a large battery system the risk of catastrophic faults of cells increases because a large numbers of cells are used. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a novel power electronics-enabled, self-X, multicell battery system design. The proposed battery system can self-heal from failures or abnormal operations of single or multiple cells and self-balance from cell state variations. These features are achieved by a cell switching circuit and a high-performance battery management system (BMS). The proposed design is validated by simulation studies in MATLAB Simulink for a battery system containing five modules connected in series, where each module consists of 6×3 cylindrical lithium-ion cells. The proposed design is scalable to large battery systems for EV/PHEV applications.
Marker-controlled segmentation: an application to electrical borehole imaging (1992)

An application of marker-controlled segmentation in petroleum engineering is presented. The images to be segmented originate from high-resolution conductivity measurements of borehole walls. These measurements reflect the composition and structure of the rock formation through which the well was drilled. In this application, we detect and measure small cavities, or vugs, in the walls. We use the tools provided by mathematical morphology. Our strategy is based on gradient image modification using markers and on the watershed transformation. First, the vugs are automatically marked, as well as the background. These markers together delineate areas of interest in which we know there is one contour per vug. To find the vug contour and perform measurements, we modify the gradient image in such a way that only a single edge is kept between the vug and the background markers. We perform the final step of edge detection using the watershed transformation of the modified gradient image. The final result is one closed contour per marked vug. This strategy is presented in detail, experimental results are shown, and artifact elimination is discussed.
Ability of gonococcal and meningococcal lipooligosaccharides to clot Limulus amebocyte lysate (1992)

We investigated whether the striking difference in severity of coagulopathy observed between bacterial sepsis involving Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae species is related to species-dependent abilities to directly activate coagulation. Using lipooligosaccharide (LOS)-activated gelation of Limulus amebocyte lysate, we compared the relative abilities of outer membrane LOS of 10 N. meningitidis and 10 N. gonorrhoeae strains to initiate coagulation. A wide range of procoagulant potencies was observed for each species, and there was significant overlap of potencies between species. Relative biological activities did not correlate with the oligosaccharide components as defined by LOS molecular weight or specific antigenic epitopes. Purified lipid A of two LOS strains of different potency demonstrated relative procoagulant biological activities similar to those of their parent LOSs. When these lipid A preparations were further separated by thin-layer chromatography, the most polar component of each lipid A possessed the majority of the procoagulant activity. We concluded that the ability of neisserial LOS to initiate coagulation of Limulus lysate is a property of the lipid A portion of the molecule and is most likely determined by fine structural differences in the lipid A which are independent of species.
On image analysis by the methods of moments (1988)

Various types of moments have been used to recognize image patterns in a number of applications. A number of moments are evaluated and some fundamental questions are addressed, such as image-representation ability, noise sensitivity, and information redundancy. Moments considered include regular moments, Legendre moments, Zernike moments, pseudo-Zernike moments, rotational moments, and complex moments. Properties of these moments are examined in detail and the interrelationships among them are discussed. Both theoretical and experimental results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Magnetosphere (1991)

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐Methylpyrimidinium Ylides. Part 2. Selective Reactions of Pyrimidinium Ylides with Activated Alkynes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reactively sputtered ZrN used as an Al/Si diffusion barrier in a Zr contact to silicon (1984)

An evaluation of the processing of zirconium nitride and the usefulness of this nitride as a diffusion barrier between aluminum and silicon has been carried out. Reactive sputtering from an elemental zirconium target in a mixture of Ar/N2 makes it possible to change the nitrogen content in the deposited film. The composition variation with N2 concentration will be presented. Films have been prepared using rf-diode reactive sputtering. The as-deposited film resistivity dependence on bias voltage has also been studied. Zirconium deposited on silicon forms a silicide at 550–600 °C. We have found by Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy analysis that during this silicide formation on arsenic implanted silicon substrates, the arsenic is piled up at the silicon/silicide interface. This effect favors the formation of a low resistance Ohmic contact. Since the barrier height between the silicide and silicon is expected to be 0.55 eV we want to point out that this contact may be useful for both n- and p-type regions. It is confirmed by the RBS analysis that the zirconium nitride prevents Al/Si interreactions up to 550–600 °C. Evaluation of the following process that needs only one single pump down to form a complete contact metallization system will be presented: zirconium is sputtered on top of the silicon. Nitrogen is then mixed to the argon and zirconium nitride is formed by reactive sputtering on top of the zirconium layer. Finally, aluminum is deposited on top of the zirconium nitride. This multilayer structure is then annealed to form the silicide and simultaneously cure induced radiation damages from previous processing steps. The RBS analysis shows no interaction between the aluminum and the silicon after a heat treatment in 600 °C for 30 min.
Metal chelates of 6-aryl-5-hexene-2,4-diones (2001)

Department of Chemistry, University of Calicut, Kerala-673 635, India <em>Manuscript received 17 November 2000, revised 12 March 2001, accepted 24 March 2001</em> A series of 6-aryl-5-hexene-2,4-diones and their Ni<sup>II</sup>, Cu<sup>II</sup>, Zn<sup>II</sup> and Pd<sup>II</sup> chelates of composition ML<sub>2 </sub>have been synthesised. The metal ion replaces the enol proton of the ligands with the formation of a stable six-membered metal chelate ring involving the dicarbonyl function.
A Phase II Study of Poziotinib in Patients with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (<i>EGFR</i>)-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma Who Have Acquired Resistance to EGFR–Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2016)

Low activity of poziotinib was detected in patients with <i>EGFR</i>-mutant non-small cell lung cancer who developed AR to gefitinib or erlotinib, potentially because of severe-toxicityimposed dose limitation.
Preparation of CoB Soft Magnetic Thin Films by Eleetroless Plating (1991)

Eleetroless plated CoB films were plated in a bath with dimethylamineborane (DMAB) as a reducing agent. The magnetic properties of films changed widely with changes in the concentration of the complexing agent in the bath, such as ammonium sulfate or sodium tartrate. Film with the lowest coercivity was obtained from the bath containing 0.3 mol/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> of sodium sulfate and 0.55 mol/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> of sodium tartrate. Structural analysis of this film by electron microscopy revealed that the film consists of fine, highly crystalline particles with the hep structure.
A Pectinmethylesterase Gene Associated with a Heat-Stable Extract from Citrus (2002)

A putative thermostable pectinmethylesterase (TSPME) protein of 36 kDa was isolated from heat-treated citrus finisher pulp. After purification and partial sequencing of the protein, a reverse genetic approach was used to obtain the complete genomic sequence of a new pectinmethylesterase (PME) gene, CsPME4, from Citrus sinensis (L.) Osb. cv. Valencia. The CsPME4 gene contained two exons of 1203 and 690 bp interrupted by a single positionally conserved intron of 1230 bp. A full-length CsPME4 cDNA clone amplified from Valencia orange juice vesicles shared 98% identity with the genomic clone. The encoded protein of the full-length CsPME4 cDNA shared 66 and 39% amino acid identity with the full-length encoded proteins of the citrus PME, CsPME1, and CsPME3, respectively, whereas the predicted mature protein of CsPME4 shared 80 and 61% identity with the predicted mature proteins of CsPME1 and CsPME3, respectively. Southern analysis demonstrated that CsPME4 was present in at least two copies in the Valencia orange genome. Northern analysis revealed that CsPME4 mRNA was accumulated mainly in young and developing tissues of Valencia orange. Several approaches to express recombinant CsPME4 in different systems failed to obtain active protein. Further research will be necessary to successfully express the putative TSPME gene CsPME4 for biochemical characterization.
Orexins Acting at Native OX1 Receptor in Colon Cancer and Neuroblastoma Cells or at Recombinant OX1 Receptor Suppress Cell Growth by Inducing Apoptosis (2004)

Screening of 26 gut peptides for their ability to inhibit growth of human colon cancer HT29-D4 cells grown in 10% fetal calf serum identified orexin-A and orexin-B as anti-growth factors. Upon addition of either orexin (1 microM), suppression of cell growth was total after 24 h and >70% after 48 or 72 h, with an EC(50) of 5 nm peptide. Orexins did not alter proliferation but promoted apoptosis as demonstrated by morphological changes in cell shape, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, cytochrome c release into cytosol, and activation of caspase-3 and caspase-7. The serpentine G protein-coupled orexin receptor OX(1)R but not OX(2)R was expressed in HT29-D4 cells and mediated orexin-induced Ca(2+) transients in HT29-D4 cells. The expression of OX(1)R and the pro-apoptotic effects of orexins were also indicated in other colon cancer cell lines including Caco-2, SW480, and LoVo but, most interestingly, not in normal colonic epithelial cells. The role of OX(1)R in mediating apoptosis was further demonstrated by transfecting Chinese hamster ovary cells with OX(1)R cDNA, which conferred the ability of orexins to promote apoptosis. A neuroblastoma cell line SK-N-MC, which expresses OX(1)R, also underwent growth suppression and apoptosis upon treatment with orexins. Promotion of apoptosis appears to be an intrinsic property of OX(1)R regardless of the cell type where it is expressed. In conclusion, orexins, acting at native or recombinant OX(1)R, are pro-apoptotic peptides. These findings add a new dimension to the biological activities of these neuropeptides, which may have important implications in health and disease, in particular colon cancer.
SAW Filters Employing Interdigitated Interdigital Transducers, IIDT (1982)

Over the p ast decade a vast effort by numerous groups has produced a wide range of SA\! filters with impressive performance characteristics. Unfortunately most such filters have losses of 20 to 30 dB, which makes them unsuitable for frontend applications. Various low-loss techniques have also been investigated, but most of these incur additional penalties in manufacture. The present paper presents preliminary results on a new device i nvolving interdigitated interdigital transducers (IIDT), which devices are straightforward to manufacture, and display insertion losses as low as 2 to 3 dB. The principal problem encountered to date is one common to most low-loss devices, namely a relatively poor stopband rejection. Even so, the o verall performance of an experimental withdrawal-weighted IIDT filter is encouraging, and various m odifications to the basic IIDT structure are suggested which may provide further improvements in the f uture.
Dissociative Chemisorption: Dynamics and Mechanisms (1988)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Design of efficient M-band coders with linear-phase and perfect-reconstruction properties (1995)

This paper presents a new design technique for obtaining M-band orthogonal coders where M=2/sup i/. The structures obtained using the proposed technique have the perfect reconstruction property. Furthermore, all filters that constitute the subband coder are linear-phase FIR-type filters. In contrast with conventional design techniques that attempt to find a unitary alias-component matrix in the frequency domain, we carry out the design in the time domain, based on time-domain orthonormality constraints that the filters must satisfy. The M-band design problem is reduced to the problem of finding a suitable lowpass filter h/sub 0/(n). Once a suitable lowpass filter is found, the remaining (M-1) filters of the coder are obtained through the use of shuffling operators on the lowpass filter. This approach leads to a set of filters that use the same numerical coefficient values in different shift positions, allowing very efficient numerical implementation of the subband coder. In addition, by imposing further constraints on the lowpass branch impulse response h/sub 0/(n), we are able to construct continuous bases of M-channel wavelets with good regularity properties. Design examples are presented for four-, eight-, and 16-band coders, along with examples of continuous wavelet bases that they generate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>