gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERFLUOROCARBON EMULSIONS IMPROVE COGNITIVE RECOVERY AFTER LATERAL FLUID PERCUSSION BRAIN INJURY IN RATS (2008)

The current study demonstrates that Oxycyte can improve cognitive recovery and reduce CA3 neuronal cell loss after traumatic brain injury in rats.
Mesoscopic Constructs of Ordered and Oriented Metal–Organic Frameworks on Plasmonic Silver Nanocrystals (2015)

We enclose octahedral silver nanocrystals (Ag NCs) in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) to make mesoscopic constructs Oh-nano-Ag⊂MOF in which the interface between the Ag and the MOF is pristine and the MOF is ordered (crystalline) and oriented on the Ag NCs. This is achieved by atomic layer deposition of aluminum oxide on Ag NCs and addition of a tetra-topic porphyrin-based linker, 4,4′,4″,4‴-(porphyrin-5,10,15,20-tetrayl)tetrabenzoic acid (H4TCPP), to react with alumina and make MOF [Al2(OH)2TCPP] enclosures around Ag NCs. Alumina thickness is precisely controlled from 0.1 to 3 nm, thus allowing control of the MOF thickness from 10 to 50 nm. Electron microscopy and grazing angle X-ray diffraction confirm the order and orientation of the MOF by virtue of the porphyrin units being perpendicular to the planes of the Ag. We use surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy to directly track the metalation process on the porphyrin and map the distribution of the metalated and unmetalated linkers on a single-nanoparticle level.
SProt: sphere-based protein structure similarity algorithm (2011)

The proposed method outperforms other methods in classification accuracy on SCOP superfamily and fold level, while it is at least comparable to the best existing solutions in terms of precision-recall or quality of alignment.
Growth of CuInSe2 on CdS using molecular beam epitaxy (1979)

Molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow CuInSe2 on CdS(0001B). Epitaxial growth, as determined from in situ reflection electron diffraction, was observed at a substrate temperature of 300 °C.
Green Chemistry Principles (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry Metrics for Chemistry Catalysis and Green Chemistry Renewable Feedstocks and Biocatalysis An Overview of Green Chemical Processing Technologies Conclusion References
Spin-exchange effects on tensor polarization of deuterium atoms (1998)

We present measurements of the effects of spin exchange on the nuclear tensor polarization of atomic deuterium gas. Measurements of the nuclear polarization have been performed at several values of the magnetic field. In these measurements, only the gas density was changed, leaving all other experimental parameters constant. The results are in qualitative agreement with a model, based on the spin-exchange mechanism proposed by Purcell and Field. The results are relevant for nuclear and particle-physics experiments, using nuclear polarized hydrogen or deuterium targets, as well as for laser optical pumping applications of ${}^{1}\mathrm{H}$ and ${}^{2}\mathrm{H}.$
Twyman-Green interferometer for testing microspheres (1995)

Testing of spherical surfaces using the Twyman-Green interferometer with a laser source suffers from the presence of spurious interference fringes and dust diffraction. By reducing the spatial coherence while maintaining the temporal coherence a tremendous improvement of the fringe quality can be obtained. To conserve sufficient contrast, the reference mirror must be positioned to suitable locations relative to the test arm of the interferometer. These conditions are described and examples are presented.
The role of astrocytes in amyloid production and Alzheimer's disease (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and gliosis, activated glial cells, in the brain. It is thought that Aβ plaques trigger NFT formation, neuronal cell death, neuroinflammation and gliosis and, ultimately, cognitive impairment. There are increased numbers of reactive astrocytes in AD, which surround amyloid plaques and secrete proinflammatory factors and can phagocytize and break down Aβ. It was thought that neuronal cells were the major source of Aβ. However, mounting evidence suggests that astrocytes may play an additional role in AD by secreting significant quantities of Aβ and contributing to overall amyloid burden in the brain. Astrocytes are the most numerous cell type in the brain, and therefore even minor quantities of amyloid secretion from individual astrocytes could prove to be substantial when taken across the whole brain. Reactive astrocytes have increased levels of the three necessary components for Aβ production: amyloid precursor protein, β-secretase (BACE1) and γ-secretase. The identification of environmental factors, such as neuroinflammation, that promote astrocytic Aβ production, could redefine how we think about developing therapeutics for AD.
Polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of nitrogen. Part XXX. Reaction of N-chlorobistrifluoromethylamine with propene and vinyl fluoride and of N-iodobistrifluoromethylamine with vinyl fluoride under ionic conditions (1971)

Reaction of N-chlorobistrifluoromethylamine with propene under conditions presumed to involve ionic intermediates (–24° in the dark) gives a mixture of 2-chloro-1-methyl-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine and 2-chloro-NN-bistrifluoromethylpropylamine in the ratio 60 : 40. Vinyl fluoride reacts with the N-iodoamine under identical conditions to give mainly 1-fluoro-2-iodo-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine together with small amounts of 2-fluoro-2-iodo-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine, 1,1-difluoro-2-iodoethane, and perfluoro-2-azapropene. In contrast the N-chloro-amine does not react with vinyl fluoride at –24°, but at room temperature in the dark the 1 : 1 adducts 2-chloro-2-fluoro- and 2-chloro-1-fluoro-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine are formed in the ratio 93:7 by a free-radical reaction.
Overview of 3D NAND Flash and progress of vertical gate (VG) architecture (2012)

This paper provides an overview of 3D NAND Flash memory architecture and a comprehensive study on various array decoding methods of vertical gate (VG) NAND Flash. A certain memory density may be achieved by any array architecture but with different numbers of stacking layers. A smaller pitch allows the achieving of high density at reasonable number of stacked memory layers (≤ 32) and thus potentially offers lower cost. VG NAND has good pitch scalability thus is very attractive. On the other hand, it is more difficult to decode the bit line in a VG architecture, thus decoding innovations are required for a compact array architecture design. This paper provides a systematic comparison of four different decoding methods of VG NAND. Performance of the TFT BE-SONOS device used in 3D VG NAND is also addressed.
The Medical Treatment of Cushing’s Disease: Effectiveness of Chronic Treatment with the Dopamine Agonist Cabergoline in Patients Unsuccessfully Treated by Surgery (2008)

The results of this study demonstrated that cabergoline treatment is effective in controlling cortisol secretion for at least 1-2 yr in more than one third of a limited population of patients with CD. If this evidence is confirmed by additional studies, this agent may be considered as a useful treatment option in patients with CD who are unsuccessfully treated by neurosurgery.
Entangled Two Photon Absorption Cross Section on the 808 nm Region for the Common Dyes Zinc Tetraphenylporphyrin and Rhodamine B (2017)

We report the measurement of the entangled two-photon absorption (ETPA) cross section, σ<sub>E</sub>, at 808 nm on organic chromophores in solution in a low photon flux regime. We performed measurements on zinc tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) in toluene and rhodamine B (RhB) in methanol. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first time that σ<sub>E</sub> is measured for RhB. Additionally, we report a study of the dependence of σ<sub>E</sub> on the molecular concentration for both molecular systems. In contrast to previous experiments, our measurements are based on detecting the pairs of photons that are transmitted by the molecular system. By using a coincidence count circuit it was possible to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. This type of work is important for the development of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques using entangled photons.
Refractory pouchitis: does it reflect underlying Crohn's disease? (1993)

Typical 'pouchitis' is a well recognised complication of ileal pouches in ulcerative colitis. Infrequently, a refractory pouchitis (RP) presents with certain clinical, endoscopic, and pathological features resembling Crohn's disease and is often ascribed to misdiagnosis of the initial colitis. To test that hypothesis and to identify risk factors for RP, this study reviewed cases of presumed ulcerative colitis with ileal pouches constructed at The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1973 and 1986. Twenty four cases with RP (16 Kock pouches and eight pelvic pouches) and 21 controls were compared for eight clinical variables. The original colectomy slides from 15 RP and 18 control cases were reviewed blindly, classified into five histological categories (corresponding to definite ulcerative colitis, definite Crohn's disease, and three indeterminate groups), and scored for 23 histological features. There were no significant clinical differences between RP and control cases except for more frequent extraintestinal manifestations (38% v 5%) and male preponderance (79% v 43%) in RP. There were also no significant differences between the distributions of RP cases and controls among the five histological categories or in the 23 histological features studied. Refractory pouchitis therefore does not seem to reflect underlying Crohn's disease, but may be linked to immunological mechanisms that are manifested clinically as extraintestinal complications.
Fluoroelastomer Copolymers Incorporating Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (2008)

Abstract The aggregation of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) in copolymers was studied by incorporation of POSS into fluorinated copolymers, namely poly(octafluoropentyl acrylate) elastomers. The aggregation of POSS in copolymers affords unique materials. Studies of these novel polymers show POSS aggregates in these copolymers with both the phenyl and isobutyl peripheries, as the chain‐repulsive fluorinated chains help drive this aggregation. The isooctylPOSS copolymers, however, do not have POSS aggregation. Thermal studies of these copolymers also show an increase in the decomposition temperature by incorporation of POSS, which is directly dependent on the POSS periphery. magnified image
Studies on the Flavors of Soy (1950)

We have synthesized halfmercaptal and mercaptal by making mercaptan to react with several kinds of aldehydes which are supposed to be contained in soy not yet refined. The mercaptal which was synthesized from isovaleraldehyde has a flavor most closely resembling that of soy. Our attempt to obtain an aldehyde from kojic acid was unsuccessful. The soy flavor is found to be of the following characters: 1. It is unstable against alkalies, but stable against acids. 2. It can form osazone. 3. It is adsorbed by animal charcoal, and its ether soluton (obtained by soaking in ether thus treated charcoal) absorbs Br2.
Mechanistic Studies of Pressure-Assisted Superplasticity of Structural Ceramics (1988)

Abstract : Microstructural and deformation studies have been conducted for superplastic zirconia and sialon ceramics. A methodology based on space charge concept is established for grain size control of zirconia ceramics. A direct correlation between grain boundary mobility and stress-strain curve is demonstrated. For silicon nitride ceramics, both single phase alpha' and beta' sialons have been shown to be superplastic, and they exhibit a novel shear- thickening behavior which is interpreted by the breakdown of interparticle structural forces at high temperatures. Deformation experiments and numerical simulations of multiaxial superplastic forming are also reported.
Longitudinal RNA sequencing of the deep transcriptome during neurogenesis of cortical glutamatergic neurons from murine ESCs (2013)

Using paired-end RNA sequencing, we have quantified the deep transcriptional changes that occur during differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells into a highly enriched population of glutamatergic cortical neurons. These data provide a detailed and nuanced account of longitudinal changes in the transcriptome during neurogenesis and neuronal maturation, starting from mouse embryonic stem cells and progressing through neuroepithelial stem cell induction, radial glial cell formation, neurogenesis, neuronal maturation and cortical patterning. Understanding the transcriptional mechanisms underlying the differentiation of stem cells into mature, glutamatergic neurons of cortical identity has myriad applications, including the elucidation of mechanisms of cortical patterning; identification of neurogenic processes; modeling of disease states; detailing of the host cell response to neurotoxic stimuli; and determination of potential therapeutic targets. In future work we anticipate correlating changes in longitudinal gene expression to other cell parameters, including neuronal function as well as characterizations of the proteome and metabolome. In this data article, we describe the methods used to produce the data and present the raw sequence read data in FASTQ files, sequencing run statistics and a summary flatfile of raw counts for 22,164 genes across 31 samples, representing 3-5 biological replicates at each timepoint. We propose that this data will be a valuable contribution to diverse research efforts in bioinformatics, stem cell research and developmental neuroscience studies.
Extraction and Visualization of Potential Pharmacophore Points Using Support Vector Machines:  Application to Ligand-Based Virtual Screening for COX-2 Inhibitors (2005)

Support vector machines (SVM) were trained to predict cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and thrombin inhibitors. The classifiers were obtained using sets of known COX-2 and thrombin inhibitors as "positive examples" and a large collection of screening compounds as "negative examples". Molecules were encoded by topological pharmacophore-point triangles. In retrospective virtual screening, 50-90% of the known active compounds were listed within the first 0.1% of the ranked database. To check the validity of the constructed classifiers, we developed a method for feature extraction and visualization using SVM. As a result, potential pharmacophore points were weighted according to their importance for COX-2 and thrombin inhibition. Known thrombin and COX-2 pharmacophore points were correctly recognized by the machine learning system. In a prospective virtual screening study, several potential COX-2 inhibitors were predicted and tested in a cellular activity assay. A benzimidazole derivative exhibited significant inhibitory activity with an IC(50) of 0.2 microM, which is better than Celecoxib in our assay. It was demonstrated that the SVM machine-learning method can be used in virtual screening and be analyzed in a human-interpretable way that results in a set of rules for designing novel molecules.
Compact representations for control dependence (1990)

article Free Access Share on Compact representations for control dependence Authors: Ron Cytron IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , Jeanne Ferrante IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile , V. Sarkar IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY IBM Research Division, T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 25Issue 6Jun. 1990 pp 337–351https://doi.org/10.1145/93548.93592Online:01 June 1990Publication History 33citation585DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations33Total Downloads585Last 12 Months14Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Antennas for a body area network (2003)

Wireless data transmission is becoming very popular in medical applications. Wireless monitoring of vital functions is one of the evident aspects to make life easier and even safer in the hospital. The most mentioned second aspect is home care, where people can live in their familiar surroundings. This data transmission has been embedded in a body area network with distributed devices, which communicate with a belt-mounted gateway. The article describes two different antennas, which were designed for operation at 868 MHz close to the human body. A patch antenna on ceramic substrate with a high dielectric constant and a planar inverted F-antenna.
Development of the sheep ovary during fetal and early neonatal life and the effect of fecundity genes. (1995)

In female sheep fetuses, the mesonephros and genital ridge can be identified at days 20 and 23 of gestation (term = 145 days), respectively. Moreover oogonia can be observed at the genital ridge from as early as day 23. Around day 55 of gestation, some germ cells enter meiosis coincident with the arrival of mesonephric-derived somatic cells (i.e. the rete ovarii). From day 75, 100, 120 and 135 of gestation, primordial (one layer of flattened granulosa cells), primary (one complete layer of cuboidal granulosa cells; early preantral), secondary (preantral) and tertiary (antral) follicles, respectively, develop within the innermost regions of the ovarian cortex. During the early neonatal period highly variable numbers of antral follicles may be present. After examination of Booroola fetuses from day 28 of gestation, it seems that the FecBB gene is associated with retarded development of the heart (day 28) mesonephros (days 30-40) and from day 30 to early neonatal life, the ovary. With respect to the ovary, fewer oogonia (days 30-40), primordial follicles (day 75-90) and growing follicles (day 120 to 6 weeks after birth) have been observed in females carrying the FecBB gene. By contrast, the FecBB gene is not associated with differences in plasma gonadotrophin or immunoreactive inhibin until early neonatal life. In Inverdale (I) fetuses heterozygous for the FecXI gene (I+), retarded germ cell development was observed at days 40 and 90 of gestation. In putative homozygous carriers (II) of the Inverdale gene, germ cell development appeared normal until day 100, but thereafter from day 120 normal secondary follicles were not observed, although many abnormal follicular-like structures were present. In both I+ and II fetuses no obvious differences in gonadotrophin concentrations have been noted. Collectively, the evidence suggests that the fecundity genes FecBB and FecXI, which affect ovulation rate in sexually mature females, are regulating organ differentiation or germ cell maturation or both processes during fetal life.
Targeted β-Adrenergic Receptor Kinase (βARK1) Inhibition by Gene Transfer in Failing Human Hearts (2004)

These results demonstrate that as in animal models of HF, expression of the betaARKct can improve contractile function and beta-adrenergic responsiveness in failing human myocytes. Thus, betaARK1 inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy for human HF.
A linguistics oriented programming language (1973)

A programming language for natural language processing programs is described. Examples of the output of programs written using it are given. The reasons for various design decisions are discussed. An actual session with the system is presented, in which a small fragment of an English-to-French translator is developed. Some of the limitations of the system are discussed, along with plans for further development.
THE CONDENSATION OF AMINOANTIPYRINE. II. A NEW COLOR TEST FOR PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONDENSATION OF AMINOANTIPYRINE. II. A NEW COLOR TEST FOR PHENOLIC COMPOUNDSEDGAR EMERSONCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1943, 08, 5, 417–428Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01193a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01193a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1154Altmetric-Citations224LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of LuxS Inhibitors Targeting Bacterial Cell−Cell Communication (2004)

[reaction: see text] Quorum sensing is a process by which bacteria sense cell density. This cell-cell communication process is mediated by autoinducers. A cross-species messenger, autoinducer-2 (AI-2) is produced from S-ribosyl-L-homocysteine by the LuxS enzyme. A proposed mechanism for LuxS is an aldose-ketose isomerization of S-ribosylhomocysteine followed by a beta-elimination. We report here the synthesis of two substrate analogues, S-anhydroribosyl-L-homocysteine and S-homoribosyl-L-cysteine, which prevent the initial and final step of the mechanism, respectively.
Dual Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Blockade Is an Effective Radiosensitizing Strategy for the Treatment of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Harboring <i>K-RAS</i> Mutations (2009)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. NSCLC often harbors oncogenic K-RAS mutations that lead to the aberrant activation of several intracellular networks including the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Oncogenic K-RAS predicts poor prognosis and resistance to treatment with ionizing radiation (IR). Oncogenic K-Ras expression in the respiratory epithelium is sufficient to initiate NSCLC tumorigenesis, which requires the catalytic subunit of PI3K. Thus, effective inhibition of the PI3K signaling should lead to significant antitumor effects. However, therapy with rapamycin analogues has yielded disappointing results due in part to compensatory up-regulation of AKT. We hypothesized that dual PI3K/mTOR blockade would overcome these limitations. We tested this hypothesis with BEZ235, a novel dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor that has recently entered clinical development. We found that BEZ235 induces a striking antiproliferative effect both in transgenic mice with oncogenic K-RAS-induced NSCLC and in NSCLC cell lines expressing oncogenic K-RAS. We determined that treatment with BEZ235 was not sufficient to induce apoptosis. However, we found that dual PI3K/mTOR blockade effectively sensitizes NSCLC expressing oncogenic K-RAS to the proapoptotic effects of IR both in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that dual PI3K/mTOR blockade in combination with IR may benefit patients with NSCLC expressing oncogenic K-RAS. These findings may have general applicability in cancer therapy, because aberrant activation of PI3K occurs frequently in human cancer.