gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capsule Components of Two Strains of a Granulosis Virus of the Armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta): Purification by Affinity Chromatography from Proteinase-free Capsules and Analysis by Peptide Mapping (1979)

SUMMARY Capsule components of two strains of a granulosis virus (GV) which infect the armyworm (Pseudaletia unipuncta) consist of capsule proteins and, in one strain, a synergistic factor, which had higher affinities for hexylamine than the viral components of the enveloped nucleocapsids. The synergistic factor in the capsule of the Hawaiian GV strain was separated from the capsule components using agarose gel coupled with antibody against the synergistic factor. Analysis by peptide mapping showed that the capsule proteins of the two viruses were similar, but that the synergistic factor differed markedly from them in its constitution.
Lightwave transrouter based onarrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer (1994)

The presented lightwave transrouter can successfully route a lightwave signal to a desired wavelength-addressed channel in dense WDM networks. The transrouter is constructed using an arrayed-waveguide grating multiplexer formed of an appropriate ring laser and wavelength router. The unique configuration is particularly attractive because of the lasing wavelength auto-tuning.
Adaptive rate stream processing for smart grid applications on clouds (2011)

Pervasive smart meters that continuously measure power usage by consumers within a smart (power) grid are providing utilities and power systems researchers with unprecedented volumes of information through streams that need to be processed and analyzed in near realtime. We introduce the use of Cloud platforms to perform scalable, latency sensitive stream processing for eEngineering applications in the smart grid domain. One unique aspect of our work is the use of adaptive rate control to throttle the rate of generation of power events by smart meters, which meets accuracy requirements of smart grid applications while consuming 50% lesser bandwidth resources in the Cloud.
Facile construction of the oxaphenalene skeleton by peri ring closure. Formal synthesis of mansonone F (2000)

A concise and divergent total synthesis of mansonone F has been accomplished via an efficient construction of the oxaphenalene skeleton by facile peri ring closure of the naphthol ether, and an effective preparation of the cyclization precursor starting from readily available 5-methoxy-1-tetralone by employing a palladium-induced aromatization of the naphthalinol.
New Records of Pear Rust Mite, Phyllocoptes pyrivagrans Kadono, from Korea (Acari: Eriophyidae) (1998)

Eriophyid mites, Phyllocoptes pyrivagrans Kadono, 1985 on pear are described and illustrated in korea for the first time.
Software-defined Flow Reservation: Configuring IEEE 802.1Q Time-Sensitive Networks by the Use of Software-Defined Networking (2019)

Communication systems are core elements of future cyber-physical systems (Industrial Internet, Industry 4.0, Internet of Things) which form the basis for applications such as smart production, smart grid, smart city, and the like. These applications will comprise data streams with very different communication requirements regarding data rate, latency, jitter, and reliability that may also vary over time. This calls for communication solutions that on one hand can adapt flexibly and on-demand to these needs and on the other hand can seamlessly support data streams with different quality-of-service requirements. Within this paper we present Software-defined Flow Reservation (SDFR), an approach that combines Software-defined Networking (SDN) technologies with Time-Sensitive Networking. Special focus is on the configuration of the time-sensitive network. SDFR implements the IEEE 802.1Qcc standard in the logically centralized SDN controller and, thus, allows for a flexible software-driven configuration of the underlying network. This flexibility enables operators to support multiple configuration interfaces simultaneously and to easily modify traffic classes, scheduling approaches, and network behavior. SDFR allows to re-use existing solutions for well-understood SDN use cases while simultaneously supporting novel TSN-specific solutions.
Stiffness mapping for parallel manipulators (1990)

Mechanical systems containing closed-loop kinematic chains can exhibit special types of singularities that result in a loss of controllability of the element of interest (output link or gripper link). Therefore, it is very important for the designer to be able to predict this type of behavior. The approach used by the author is to establish stiffness or conditioning maps of the workspace of the manipulator. A method for obtaining these maps for planar and spatial parallel manipulators is presented. The maps reveal the existence of zones where the stiffness is not acceptable and also help the designer by providing a more accurate representation of the properties of the manipulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene transfer to skeletal muscle (2005)

Abstract Muscle tissue is an important target for gene therapy applications due to the large number of disorders of skeletal and cardiac muscle. These include inherited disorders such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and acquired disorders such as heart failure and age‐associated muscle weakness (sarcopenia). A potentially powerful approach to treating these various conditions involves delivery of a gene or genes to the affected muscles. In the case of a genetic disorder, the goal may be to deliver a normal version of the defective gene. In other cases, benefit might result from delivery of a gene that could augment normal muscle function, such as a growth factor gene. Other applications include delivery of DNA fragments that could modulate gene expression or lead to correction of a genetic mutation. Since muscle tissue represents nearly 40% of the total body mass, gene transfer to muscle is an enormously challenging proposition. Consequently, numerous types of gene or DNA vectors and delivery strategies are being explored for gene therapy of muscle disorders. No single gene vector or delivery method is likely to be universally applicable for all conditions, but some have been developed to greater degrees than others. This article briefly reviews the major vectors and delivery methods currently being developed for gene therapy of muscle diseases.
효율적인 호텔객실관리를 위한 객실종사원 ( 메이드 ) 의 훈련계획 (1979)

Most hotel jobs, especially housekeeping department, involve unskilled manual labor or semiskilled service labor in which training is essentially needed for the better management. However, the most common excuse advanced for the failure to train properly is lack of time. Undeniably, training does take time away from production. But the time lost is soon made up and repaid over and over again by ,utilizing the right and effective methods. This study is designed to increase quality of performance and production, decrease breakage and spoilage, and reduce absenteeism and turnover through the effective training program. A training program should be determined on the basis of training needs which contribute to staff morale by giving employees self- confidence and the opportunity for self-development. In .accordance with the training needs, the training topics are determined through the trainee`s interview, questionnaires, inspection reports or frequency of guest complaints. A well-established plan of training is the four-step job instruction method involving preparing trainees, demonstrating the operation, having trainees try out the procedure, and correcting their progress. Training obviously depends on not only the trainee`s skill but the result of goad trainee`s management, and set of goals and standards which are atainable. Therefore, training should be a gradual but planned program, and continuously followed on a daily, weekly and monthly schedule.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from the Decomposition of Silver(I) [bis(alkylthio)methylene]malonate Complexes (2012)

Silver(I) [bis(alkylthio)methylene]malonates were synthesized from the reaction of silver nitrate and potassium [bis(alkylthio)methylene]malonates. The structures of the Ag complexes were characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and elemental analysis. Ag nanoparticles (NPs) were obtained from the decomposition of the Ag complexes in 1,2-dichlorobenzene at <TEX>$110^{\circ}C$</TEX> without an additional surfactant. The average sizes of the Ag NPs are in the range of 5.1-6.3 nm and could be controlled by varying the length of the alkyl chain. The optical properties, crystalline structure and surface composition of Ag NPs were characterized with ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA).
Die Zersetzung des Polymethacrylsäuremethylesters in Lösung unter dem Einfluß von <sup>60</sup> <i>Co</i>-Gamma-Strahlen: Ein Beispiel für die Energie-Übertragung bei strahlenchemischen Reaktionen (1957)

Article Die Zersetzung des Polymethacrylsäuremethylesters in Lösung unter dem Einfluß von 60Co-Gamma-Strahlen: Ein Beispiel für die Energie-Übertragung bei strahlenchemischen Reaktionen was published on February 1, 1957 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 10, issue 3_4).
Controlling Swarms of Robots Using Interpolated Implicit Functions (2006)

We address the synthesis of controllers for large groups of robots and sensors, tackling the specific problem of controlling a swarm of robots to generate patterns specified by implicit functions of the form s(x, y) = 0. We derive decentralized controllers that allow the robots to converge to a given curve S and spread along this curve. We consider implicit functions that are weighted sums of radial basis functions created by interpolating from a set of constraint points, which give us a high degree of control over the desired 2D curves. We describe the generation of simple plans for swarms of robots using these functions and illustrate our approach through simulations and real experiments.
Formation of sulphmyoglobin during expression of horse heart myoglobin in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1994)

Expression of recombinant horse heart myoglobin in Escherichia coli has been found to result in the production of both native and variable amounts (approximately 16-17% total) of two sulphmyoglobin isomers. The recombinant sulphmyoglobin produced consists primarily of the A and B isomers as identified by 1H NMR spectroscopy with no evidence for production of the C isomer. Conversion of recombinant sulphmyoglobin to the native protein can be achieved by reconstitution with protohaem IX. The possible relationship of this observation to recombinant expression of other heme proteins is discussed.
Histologic Resolution of Pulmonary Interstitial Glycogenosis (2009)

Pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis (PIG) is an enigmatic lung disorder of unknown etiology that presents with neonatal respiratory distress. Despite its dramatic clinical presentation, the diagnosis of PIG has a favorable prognosis with rare mortality in the absence of comorbid conditions. In this report, we describe changes in successive lung biopsies in a neonate who presented with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension. Diagnostic lung biopsy at 10 days of age exhibited classic histologic and ultrastructural findings of PIG with diffuse expansion of the alveolar interstitium by glycogenated mesenchymal cells. Subsequent to the patient's clinical improvement, a repeat biopsy at 49 days of age showed significant resolution of the disorder. Colocalization of vimentin-immunopositive cells with both phospho-histone H3 and cleaved caspase-3 demonstrated prominent attenuation of mesenchymal cell proliferation and apoptosis in the second biopsy. Although the self-limited nature of PIG has been described clinically, it has never been documented histologically. We present this case to illustrate the clinical and pathologic resolution of the disorder and speculate that the lesional mesenchymal cells may have transient proliferative capacity.
Megaloblastic anemia in patients receiving total parenteral nutrition without folic acid or vitamin B12 supplementation. (1977)

Pancytopenia developed in four patients receiving postoperatively total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Symptoms and signs were related mainly to underlying bowel disease. Hematologic abnormalities, first noted from 4 to 7 weeks following institution of TPN, consisted of normocytic anemia (mean decrease in hemoglobin value, 2.2 g/dL), occasional macrocytes being noted, leukopenia (range of leukocyte counts, 1.2 to 3.6 X 10(9) L), some hypersegmented neutrophils being detected, and clinically significant thrombocytopenia (range of platelet counts, 25 to 52 X 10(9)/L). In all patients the bone marrow showed megaloblastic changes, with ring sideroblasts, although pyridoxine was included in the TPN regimens. Serum vitamin B12 values were normal in one patient and at the lower limit of normal in the other two patients in whom it was measured, while serum or erythrocyte folate values, or both, were reduced in three patients. Full hematologic response was observed in the four patients after folic acid replacement therapy; leukocytosis and thrombocytosis were noted in three. Thus, folic acid and possibly vitamin B12 should be added routinely to TPN regimens to prevent deficiency of either substance.
Morphological studies of the toe pads of the rock frog, <i>Staurois parvus</i> (family: Ranidae) and their relevance to the development of new biomimetically inspired reversible adhesives (2014)

The morphology of the toe epithelium of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (Family Ranidae), was investigated using a variety of microscopical techniques. The toe pad epithelium is stratified (four to five cell layers), the apical parts of the cells of the outermost layer being separated by fluid-filled channels. The surface of these cells is covered by a dense array of nanopillars, which also cover the surface of subarticular tubercles and unspecialized ventral epithelium of the toes, but not the dorsal epithelium. The apical portions of the outer two layers contain fibrils that originate from the nanopillars and are oriented approximately normal to the surface. This structure is similar to the pad structure of tree frogs of the families Hylidae and Rhacophoridae, indicating evolutionary convergence and a common evolutionary design for reversible attachment in climbing frogs. The main adaptation to the torrent habitat seems to be the straightness of the channels crossing the toe pad, which will assist in drainage of excess water. The presence of nanopillar arrays on all ventral surfaces of the toes resembles that on clingfish suckers and may be a specific adaptation for underwater adhesion and friction. The relevance of these findings to the development of new biomimetically inspired reversible adhesives is discussed.
Natural History of Schizophrenia Subtypes (1991)

The natural history and long-term course of schizophrenia divided by pervasiveness of positive and negative symptoms was explored among 187 schizophrenic patients from the Chestnut Lodge follow-up study. Schizophrenia with many negative symptoms was associated with poor premorbid functioning, insidious onset, partial or no remissions during the first several years of illness, and in most cases a progressive course leading to permanent disability. Schizophrenia with few negative symptoms was associated with good premorbid functioning, acute onset, intermittent early course, and a better prognosis. Positive symptoms predicted future hospitalizations but were less powerful and specific as indicators of differential illness history, course, and long-term functional incapacity. As predictors of long-term outcome, negative symptoms were of greater value measured at index admission several years after illness onset than at first hospital admission. Multivariate analyses indicated that two negative symptoms (anhedonia and affective flattening) contribute significantly to outcome variance independent of their association with premorbid functioning or positive symptoms. Patients with the poorest long-term outcome tended to show an increase in negative symptoms during the early years of their illness. Progressive negative symptoms early in the course of schizophrenia may thus reflect or signal a process leading to long-term functional disability.
CO2 enclathration in a semi-continuous quiescent hydrate-forming reactor operated with pure CO2 and water soluble additives. (2011)

CO2 capture by gas hydrates is now considered as a promising alternative to classical separation processes, especially in applications when the inlet gas is available at high pressure and CO2 is to be reinjected in a geological formation. In a continuous process, forming the gas hydrates under quiescent (or unstirred) conditions would be very interesting for many reasons, including economical and safety aspects, even though the technical challenge is then to achieve high water conversion and high hydrate formation rates. The laboratory experiments presented here show that this challenge can be met by using a low concentration of appropriate water-soluble additives. These experiments extend to semicontinuous (or semi-batch) conditions a previous series of experiments conducted in a closed vessel using as additives a combination of a small quantity – in or below the percent range – of a surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and an organic compound (tetrahydrofuran). An almost complete conversion of water into hydrates is reached in a reasonable amount of time despite the quiescent conditions used. Enhanced capture kinetics and possible actions mechanisms of this combination of two additives are analyzed and discussed on the basis of experimental equilibrium curves, visual observations, kinetics data, hydrate formation rate and final water conversion.
System design and verification process for LHC programmable trigger electronics (2003)

The rapid evolution of electronics has made it essential to design systems in a technology-independent form that will permit their realization in any future technology. This article describes two practical projects that have been developed for fast, programmable, scalable, modular electronics for the first-level trigger of Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiments at CERN, Geneva. In both projects, one for the front-end electronics and the second for executing first-level trigger algorithms, the whole system requirements were constrained to two types of replicated components. The overall problem is described, the 3D-Flow design is introduced as a novel solution, and current solutions to the problem are described and compared with the 3D-Flow solution. The design/verification methodology proposed allows the user's real-time system algorithm to be verified down to the gate-level simulation on a technology-independent platform, thus yielding the design for a system that can be implemented with any technology at any time.
A synthesis of 2-(substituted phenyl)-propionic acid. IV. Preparation of 3-methyl-3(substituted phenyl)-pyruvic acid. (1976)

In a previous paper1) we described that 3-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-methylpyruvic acid (IVg) was obtained from methyl 3-(4-isobutylphenyl)-3-methylglycidate (Ig) in three steps. By the same procedure, we prepared several 3-methyl-3-(substituted phenyl)-pyruvic acids (IV), starting from methyl 3-methyl-3-(substituted phenyl)-glycidates (I) (Fig.
Quantitative Molecular Assay for Fingerprinting Microbial Communities of Wastewater and Estrogen-Degrading Consortia (2005)

A quantitative fingerprinting method, called the real-time terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (real-time-t-RFLP) assay, was developed for simultaneous determination of microbial diversity and abundance within a complex community. The real-time-t-RFLP assay was developed by incorporating the quantitative feature of real-time PCR and the fingerprinting feature of t-RFLP analysis. The assay was validated by using a model microbial community containing three pure strains, an Escherichia coli strain (gram negative), a Pseudomonas fluorescens strain (gram negative), and a Bacillus thuringiensis strain (gram positive). Subsequently, the real-time-t-RFLP assay was applied to and proven to be useful for environmental samples; the richness and abundance of species in microbial communities (expressed as the number of 16S rRNA gene copies of each ribotype per milliliter) of wastewater and estrogen-degrading consortia (enriched with 17alpha-estradiol, 17beta-estradiol, or estrone) were successfully characterized. The results of this study strongly suggested that the real-time-t-RFLP assay can be a powerful molecular tool for gaining insight into microbial communities in various engineered systems and natural habitats.
Real-Time Probabilistic Neural Network Performance and Optimization for Fire Detection and Nuisance Alarm Rejection: Test Series 2 Results (2000)

Abstract : A second series of tests was conducted to evaluate and improve the multivariate data analysis notebooks and candidate sensor suites used for the Early Warning Fire Detection (EWFD) system under development. The EWFD system is to provide reliable warning of actual fire conditions in less time with fewer nuisance alarms than commercially available smoke detection systems. Tests were conducted from 25 April to 5 May 2000 onboard the ex-USS SHADWELL. This report documents the performance of the probabilistic neural network achieved in real-time during this test series. Further optimization of the algorithm has yielded performance gains over the real-time results. Modifications have been made that improve the real-time data acquisition and the ion sensor calibration. Background subtraction was investigated and will be used in future tests. The best performance was provided by a four sensor array consisting of ionization, photoelectric carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide sensors.
Mechanism of the Oxidation of Sulfides by Dioxiranes. 1. Intermediacy of a 10-S-4 Hypervalent Sulfur Adduct (2002)

Earlier studies established that dimethyldioxirane (1a) reacts with sulfides 2 in two consecutive concerted electrophilic oxygen-transfer steps to give first sulfoxides 3 and then sulfones 4. The same sequential electrophilic oxidation model was assumed for the reaction of sulfides 2 with the strongly electrophilic methyl(trifluoromethyl)dioxirane (1b). In this paper we report on a systematic and general study on the mechanism of the reaction of simple sulfides 2 with DMDO (1a) and TFDO (1b) which provides clear evidence for the involvement of hypervalent sulfur species in the oxidation process. In the oxidation of sulfides 2a-c, diphenyl sulfide (2d), para-substituted aryl methyl sulfides 2e-i, and phenothiazine 2k with 1b, the major product was the corresponding sulfone 4, even when a 10-fold excess of sulfide relative to 1b was used. The sulfone:sulfoxide 4:3 ratio depends among other factors on the dioxirane 1a or 1b used, the sulfide substitution pattern, the polar, protic, or aprotic character of the solvent, and the temperature. The influence of these factors and also deuterium and (18)O tracer experiments performed allow a general mechanism to be depicted for these oxidations in which the key step is the reversible cyclization of a zwitterionic intermediate, 6, to form a hypervalent sulfur species, 7. The classical sequential mechanism which establishes that sulfides are oxidized first to sulfides and then to sulfones can be enclosed in our general picture of the process and represents just those particular cases in which the zwitterionic intermediate 6 decomposes prior to undergoing ring closure to afford the hypervalent sulfurane intermediate 7.