gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 5-Amino-2-pyrrolidinone and Its Derivatives (1980)

Two routes to a new type of 2-pyrrolidinones having various nitrogen functions at the 5-position were described.The modified Curtius reaction of pyroglutamic acid derivatives(& and -4 ) with diphenylphosphoryl azide(DPPA) gave 5-alkoxycarbonylamino-2-pyrrolidinones(2 and e) in one step.Furthermore, the substitution reaction of 5-ethoxy-2-pyrrolidinone(12) with nucleophiles(amines, carbamates, amide, indole, and diethylaniline) was found to be a preferable synthetic method to 5-substituted-2pyrrolidinones(z, 14, 15, and 16).The synthesis of 5-amino-2pyrrolidinone(8). a simple one, was also mentioned.A s a series of studies on the chemistrv of 2-pyrrolidinones1', we are now interested in the synthesis of 2-pyrrolidinones having nitrogen functions such as amino, amide, or carbamate groups at the 5-position, since few attempts to synthesize 5-amino-2-pyrrolidinones.especially having no substituent at the 1-position (naked NH), have been reported, and 5-amino-2-pyrrolidinones would be expected to have pharmacological activities.In this paper, we wish to n report a convenient synthesis of 5-amino-2-pyrrolidinones starting with pyroglutamic acid derivatives or with succin-H imide. 5-Amino-2-pyrrolidinonesOur initial studies were with the Curtius type rearrangement of pyroglutamic acid derivatives.Shioiri et a1.2) reported that the reaction of N-benzoxycarbonylproline with diphenylphosphoryl azide(DPPA) in the presence of carbamate gave the rearrangement product(L) in good yield.This modified Curtius reaction involved
Continuous on-chip micropumping through a microneedle (2002)

Microneedles are promising microfabricated devices for minimally invasive drug delivery applications. Microneedles can be integrated into a variety of devices. However, any portable drug delivery device with integrated microneedles will need an equally compact means to deliver the therapeutics. This work presents microneedles integrated with an on-chip MEMS positive displacement micropump for continuous drug delivery applications. The generation and collapse of thermally generated bubbles with flow rectified by directional check valves are used to achieve net pumping. Visualization methods have observed net flow rates of water out of a microneedle at approximately 1.0 nl/s with a pressure of 3.9 kPa. In addition, continuous pumping was achieved for more than 6 hours. The heaters operated for over 18 hours (15,000 cycles) without failing.
Isolation and characterization of tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes from cervical carcinoma (1994)

The evidence that virus-induced tumors generally elicit T-cell responses prompts the notion that HPV-related cervical carcinoma would be amenable to treatment by T-cell-mediated adoptive therapy. Therefore, we cultured and cloned tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) from a patient with cervical carcinoma and studied the in vitro characteristics of these TIL by using the established autologous tumor-cell line. After stimulation of bulk TIL cultures with 1,000 Units/ml recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2), followed by limiting dilution, T-cell clones were generated in the presence of 20 U/ml rIL-2 and irradiated autologous tumor cells, PBLs and EBV-transformed B-cell lines. Phenotypically, all clones were CD3/CD8-positive with a heterogeneous CD56 expression. All expressed preferential cytolytic activity against autologous tumor cells, did not lyse autologous lymphoblasts, and were cytotoxic against the NK-sensitive cell line K562. A minor lytic capacity was detectable on allogeneic cervical tumor-cell lines or tumor-cell lines of other histologic types. Cytotoxicity against the autologous tumor could be inhibited by anti-CD3, anti-CD8 and anti-ICAM1 but not by anti-HLA class-1 (W6/32, B9.12.1), anti-allele-specific HLA determinants and anti-LFA-3 antibodies. We demonstrate a highly specific autologous lytic activity of cervical carcinoma TIL, in which a CD3-associated surface antigen recognition is involved. These results may prove useful in further studies on adoptive immunotherapy of cervical cancer patients.
Matthias Kaufmann, Begriffe, Sätze, Dinge: Referenz und Wahrheit bei Wilhelm von Ockham. Leiden-New York-Köln: (E.J. Brill) 1994 x + 255 p. ISBN 90 04 09889 5. (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, XL). (1996)

"Matthias Kaufmann, Begriffe, Sätze, Dinge: Referenz und Wahrheit bei Wilhelm von Ockham. Leiden-New York-Köln: (E.J. Brill) 1994 x + 255 p. ISBN 90 04 09889 5. (Studien und Texte zur Geistesgeschichte des Mittelalters, XL)." published on 01 Jan 1996 by Brill.
Chemical modification studies and the secondary structure of HeLa cell 5.8S rRNA (1980)

Various secondary structure models have been proposed for 5.8 S rRNA. In this paper HeLa cell 5.8 S rRNA is shown to possess several sites that are reactive to carbodiimide at 25 degrees, and other regions that are unreactive. Previous work has established the distribution of reactive and unreactive cytidine residues along the primary structure (11). The secondary structure model of Nazar et al. (7) is fully compatible with the chemical reactivity data whereas other models are partly incompatible. We conclude that the model of Nazar et al. provides the best approximation so far available to the conformation of isolated 5.8 S rRNA. Findings on the effect temperature on the chemical reactivity of different parts of the structure are summarized. The findings described in this paper should provide a basis for examining the specific interaction of 5.8 S rRNA with 28 s rRNA.
E.E.G. Alpha Feedback—A Comparison of Two Control Groups (1977)

It is controversial whether or not veridical feedback is necessary to bring about increases in alpha activity in the feedback situation and has been suggested that the instructional variable may be a crucial determinant of outcome. In this experiment two groups of subjects were both given false feedback. One group was misled into believing that the feedback was contingent. Increases in alpha index occurred only in those subjects who believed that they were receiving contingent feedback, indicating that subjects knowledge and belief concerning the experiment were important in determining the outcome.
Exaggerated Human Monocyte IL-10 Concomitant to Minimal TNF-α Induction by Heat-Shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) Suggests Hsp27 Is Primarily an Antiinflammatory Stimulus (2000)

Unlike more well-studied large heat shock proteins (hsp) that induce both T cell antiinflammatory (IL-10, IL-4) and macrophage proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-15, IL-12) cytokines, hsp27, a small hsp, has been primarily identified as a substrate of mitogen-activated protein kinase-activated protein kinase-2 involved in the p38 signaling pathway and activated during monocyte IL-10 production. Hsp27 can also act as an endogenous protein circulating in the serum of breast cancer patients and a protein whose induction correlates to protection from LPS shock. However, the cytokine-stimulating properties of hsp27 have been unexplored. In this study, exogenous hsp27 is demonstrated for the first time as a potent activator of human monocyte IL-10 production, but only a modest inducer of TNF-alpha. Although exogenous hsp27 stimulation activated all three monocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways (extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and p38), only p38 activation was sustained and required for hsp27 induction of monocyte IL-10, while both ERK 1/2 and p38 activation were required for induction of TNF-alpha when using the p38 inhibitor SB203580 or the ERK inhibitor PD98059. Hsp27's transient activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, which can down-regulate IL-10, may contribute to its potent IL-10 induction. Hsp27's ERK 1/2 activation was also less sustained than activation by stimuli like LPS, possibly contributing to its modest TNF-alpha induction. The failure of either PD98059 or anti-TNF-alpha Ab to substantially inhibit IL-10 induction implied that hsp27 induces IL-10 via activation of p38 signaling independently of TNF-alpha activation and may be predominantly an antiinflammatory monokine stimulus.
Fra brugerundersøgelse til handling – hvordan gør man Brandts til et attraktivt sted for unge? (1970)

This article is based on the work of the Learning and Visitor Services Department at the Danish cultural institution known as Brandts, with a view to turning Brandts (which consists of two specialist museums and an art exhibition venue) into a place that young people between the ages of 15 and 25 actively choose to visit as a leisure-time activity. The background for this development work lies in a survey of young users and on-users conducted at Brandts in the autumn of 2010. The article links the results of this local qualitative survey with the results of other recent surveys of museum visitors in Denmark. In addition to covering the new ”action plan” for Brandts, prepared with regard to the wishes and needs of young people, the article delves deeper into the considerations that lay behind the chosen focus on young people and their opportunities for informal learning and identity development within a museum context.
Ballistic Damage Characteristics and Fracture Toughness of Laminated Aluminum 7049-T73 and Titanium 6Al-4V Alloys. (1980)

The purpose of this research study was to define the degradation of metal laminate structural properties resulting from damage by 12.7-mm API projectiles fired at 1600 feet per second. Materials investigated were Al-7049 and Ti-6Al-4V laminates ranging from 0.100 to 0.400 inch in nominal thickness. Data to be presented and discussed include fracture toughness (KQ and W/A) as a function of laminate thickness, plus a characterization of the ballistic damage and residual strength of the various laminates. Results indicate that laminate thickness over the range studied has little or no effect on the fracture toughness of either Al-7049 or Ti-6Al-4V. The ballistic penetration mechanism for both alloys was by petalling and in general the damage increased as a function of laminate thickness. (Author)
A study on buffer distribution for RRAM-based FPGA routing structures (2015)

Compared to Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) provide reconfigurablity at the cost of lower performance and higher power consumption. Exploiting a large number of programmable switches, routing structures are mainly responsible for the performance limitation. Hence, employing more efficient switches can drastically improve the performance and reduce the power consumption of the FPGA. Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)-based switches are one of the most promising candidates to improve the FPGA routing architecture thanks to their low on-resistance and non-volatility. The lower RC delay of RRAM-based routing multiplexers, as compared to CMOS-based routing structures encourages us to reconsider the buffer distribution in FPGAs. This paper proposes an approach to reduce the number of buffers in the routing path of RRAM-based FPGAs. Our architectural simulations show that the use of RRAM switches improves the critical path delay by 56% as compared to CMOS switches in standard FPGA circuits at 45-nm technology node while, at the same time, the area and power are reduced, respectively, by 17% and 9%. By adapting the buffering scheme, an extra bonus of 9% for delay reduction, 5% for power reduction and 16% for area reduction can be obtained, as compared to the conventional buffering approach for RRAM-based FPGAs.
Proteoglycans in cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Identification, localization, and exocytosis of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan from human cloned natural killer cells during target cell lysis. (1985)

A clone of natural killer (NK) cells (JTB18) was found to be ultrastructurally similar to peripheral blood large granular lymphocytes (LGL). These cells incorporated [35S]sulfate into cell-associated proteoglycan molecules, which were then isolated by CsCl density gradient centrifugation. As assessed by gel filtration chromatography, the native 35S-labeled proteoglycan and its beta-eliminated 35S-labeled glycosaminoglycans were of Mr approximately 200,000 and 50,000, respectively. The 35S-labeled proteoglycans were resistant to proteolysis, since their Mr were apparently not altered by incubation with either pronase or S. aureus V8 protease. The purified NK cell 35S-labeled proteoglycans were degraded by approximately 90% to 35S-labeled disaccharides with either chondroitinase ABC or AC. High performance liquid chromatographic analysis of the digests revealed these disaccharides to be composed entirely of chondroitin sulfate A (glucuronic acid----N-acetylgalactosamine-4SO4). Whole 35S-labeled cells incubated with chondroitinase ABC failed to release 35S-labeled disaccharides into the supernatant, and x-ray energy-dispersive analysis revealed that sulfur-containing molecules were present in the intracellular granules, thereby localizing the NK cell-associated proteoglycan primarily in the granules of the cell, rather than on the plasma membrane. The 35S-labeled cloned NK cells incubated for 30 min to 4 h with K562 tumor cell targets at a 0.5:1 ratio exocytosed a mean of 49% of the granular 35S-labeled proteoglycans during the first 60 min of the culture. Proteoglycan release was maximal with an effector/target cell ratio of 0.5:1 for JTB18:K562. Significant proteoglycan release from JTB18 NK cells was also obtained with other sensitive target cells such as REX, Molt4, and CEM, but not with cells such as KG1 and Laz156, which have been shown previously to be resistant to killing by this NK cell. Thus, protease-resistant intracellular proteoglycans with chondroitin sulfate A side chains are specifically exocytosed from the granules of human NK effector cells upon contact with sensitive targets, suggesting that these proteoglycans may be involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity.
Improvement of the Resolution of TSI's 3071 DMA via Redesigned Sheath Air and Aerosol Inlets (1998)

The resolution of TSI's 3071 Differential Mobility Analyzer (DMA) is smaller than ideally expected for nondiffusing particles, both at sheath airflow rates Q, in excess of 30 litlmin, and at aerosol over sheath airflow rate ratios Q,/Q, smaller than 10%.The first problem is partly due to a slight widening step following the laminarizing grid, which tends to destabilize the sheath airflow.The second can he associated in part to the recirculation vortex found by Chen et al. (1996) just upstream of the mixing region where the aerosol flow joins the sheath airstream.It is also attributed here to mean flow deceleration for sufficiently small values of Q,/Q,, due to an increase in the flow cross section following the mixing region.These problems are reduced in this study by replacing the DMA piece forming the outer electrode between the larninarization screen and the aerosol inlet into the analyzing region.The new part has a reduced inlet ID to avoid the initial step.It is slightly tapered, ending on an increased ID that permits accelerating and stabili~ing the flow following the mixing region.It is also longer than TSl's part, leading to a narrower inlet slit, which reduces the tendency for an unsteady recirculation bubble to form even at small Q,/Q, ratios.The performance is improved substantially at small QJQ, ratios and very substantially in the range of Q, from 30 to 80 litlmin as well as for QJQ, < 2%.Machining costs for the new part are of only a few hundred dollars.
L‐phenylalanine selectively depresses currents at glutamatergic excitatory synapses (2003)

To explore the hypothesis that L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) depresses glutamatergic synaptic transmission and thus contributes to brain dysfunction in phenylketonuria (PKU), the effects of L-Phe on spontaneous and miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (s/mEPSCs) in rat and mouse hippocampal and cerebrocortical cultured neurons were studied using the patch-clamp technique. L-Phe depressed the amplitude and frequency of both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA components of glutamate receptor (GluR) s/mEPSCs. The IC(50) of L-Phe to inhibit non-NMDAR mEPSC frequency was 0.98 +/- 0.13 mM, a brain concentration seen in classical PKU. In contrast, D-Phe had a significantly smaller effect, whereas L-leucine, an amino acid that competes with L-Phe for brain transporter, had no effect on mEPSCs. Unlike GluR s/mEPSCs, GABA receptor mIPSCs were not attenuated by L-Phe. A high extracellular concentration of glycine prevented the attenuation by L-Phe of NMDAR current, activated by exogenous agonist, and of NMDAR s/mEPSC amplitude, but not of NMDAR s/mEPSC frequency. On the other hand, L-Phe significantly depressed non-NMDAR current activated by low but not high concentrations of exogenous agonists. Glycine-independent attenuation of NMDAR s/mEPSC frequency suggests decreased presynaptic glutamate release caused by L-Phe, whereas decreased amplitudes of NMDAR and non-NMDAR s/mEPSCs are consistent with competition of L-Phe for the glycine- and glutamate-binding sites of NMDARs and non-NMDARs, respectively. The finding that GluR activity is significantly depressed at conditions characteristic of classical PKU indicates a potentially important contribution of impaired GluR function to PKU-related mental retardation and provides important insights into the potential physiological consequences of impaired GluR function.
PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM IN MAN. I. THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF OROTIC ACID*† (1959)

Many studies of purine metabolism in man have been carried out. This is largely due to continued interest in the pathogenesis of gout and the ease of measuring serum and urinary uric acid. In contrast there have been few studies of pyrimidine metabolism in man. The major degradation products of pyrimidines are carbon dioxide and ammonia, which are lost in the general body pools. Only recently has a "pyrimidine disease," orotic aciduria, been described (1). The role of py- rimidine nucleotides in the formation of nucleic acids and in a number of coenzyme functions emphasizes the importance of quantitative data concerning pyrimidine metabolism in man. This report describes studies of the enzymatic steps in normal blood cells leading to the formation of the first pyrimidine product, orotic acid. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE Preparation of reactants. Carbamylphosphate (CAP) was synthesized and analyzed as described by Jones, Spector and Lipmann (2). I-Carbamylaspartate-C14 (CAA-C") was prepared from I-aspartate and cyanate-C14 (3) and measured by the Koritz and Cohen procedure (4). Cyanate-C14 was synthesized by the fusion of potassium carbonate and urea-C14 (5). dl-Dihydroorotate-C14 (DHO-C14) was synthesized by the catalytic hydrogenation of orotate-C'4 (labeled in carbon 6) using a rhodium- alumina catalyst (6) and measured as described by Yates and Pardee (7). Nonlabeled l-dihydroorotate was syn- thesized by the method of Miller, Gordon and Englehardt (8). dl-5-Carboxymethylhydantoin-C14 (5-CMH-C") la- beled in the carboxyl group was prepared from the above dl-DHO-C1' (3) and measured as described by Lieberman and Kornberg (9). Nonlabeled 5-CMH was correspondingly prepared from carbamylaspartate. Bicarbonate-C14 was prepared from barium carbonate-C14 and analyzed as described by Zamecnik, Frantz, Loftfield and Stephenson (10). Uniformly labeled l-aspartate-C'4 was purchased
Antenna transmit diversity for wireless OFDM systems (2003)

We investigate several transmit-diversity techniques for wireless OFDM systems employing multiple antennas. We concentrate our investigation on methods that can be applied with few modifications to existing standards. Existing methods such as delay diversity, clustering and antenna interleaving are investigated and compared. A new approach that yields better results, consisting in applying different phase shifts on each subcarrier and on each antenna is also presented. Some practical implementation issues are also addressed.
Synthesis and charge-transport properties of polymers derived from the oxidation of 1-hydro-1'-(6-(pyrrol-1-yl)hexyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bis(hexafluorophosphate) and demonstration of a pH-sensitive microelectrochemical transistor derived from the redox properties of a conventional redox center (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and charge-transport properties of polymers derived from the oxidation of 1-hydro-1'-(6-(pyrrol-1-yl)hexyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium bis(hexafluorophosphate) and demonstration of a pH-sensitive microelectrochemical transistor derived from the redox properties of a conventional redox centerChing Fong Shu and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 18, 5221–5229Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100329a031https://doi.org/10.1021/j100329a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Multi-Gesture Interaction System Using a 3-D Iris Disk Model for Gaze Estimation and an Active Appearance Model for 3-D Hand Pointing (2011)

In this paper, we present a vision-based human-computer interaction system, which integrates control components using multiple gestures, including eye gaze, head pose, hand pointing, and mouth motions. To track head, eye, and mouth movements, we present a two-camera system that detects the face from a fixed, wide-angle camera, estimates a rough location for the eye region using an eye detector based on topographic features, and directs another active pan-tilt-zoom camera to focus in on this eye region. We also propose a novel eye gaze estimation approach for point-of-regard (POR) tracking on a viewing screen. To allow for greater head pose freedom, we developed a new calibration approach to find the 3-D eyeball location, eyeball radius, and fovea position. Moreover, in order to get the optical axis, we create a 3-D iris disk by mapping both the iris center and iris contour points to the eyeball sphere. We then rotate the fovea accordingly and compute the final, visual axis gaze direction. This part of the system permits natural, non-intrusive, pose-invariant POR estimation from a distance without resorting to infrared or complex hardware setups. We also propose and integrate a two-camera hand pointing estimation algorithm for hand gesture tracking in 3-D from a distance. The algorithms of gaze pointing and hand finger pointing are evaluated individually, and the feasibility of the entire system is validated through two interactive information visualization applications.