gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First-Aid Kit for College Mental Health (2017)

In the United States, people are experiencing mental illnesses at an incredibly high rate, especially the college population. With more students being clinically diagnosed with depression and anxiety disorders, and with suicide being the second leading cause of death among college students, it is imperative that colleges take action to combat these diseases. This article addresses why implementing Mental Health First Aid programs in college orientations nationwide is critical and how it would help reduce the United States’ mental health crisis.
Logarithmic Analog-to-Digital Converters: A Survey (1973)

Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) with logarithmic law are receiving particular attention from system and circuit designers. They can be applied to solve many problems of data acquisition and encoding found in almost all the fields of experimental physics and instrumentation dealing with analog variables with several decades of dynamic range, where a constarnt relative accuracy, rather than a constant absolute accuracy, is required. Spme proposals and realizations of logarithmic ADC (LADC) already presented in the literature are discussed as well as some new ideas organized according to three classes of schemes. The first can be viewed as the cascade connection of an analog logarithmic information converter and a conventional ADC; while in the second, the LADC is entirely digital and follows the ADC; and in the third, the logarithmic conversion and the A/D conversion are performed by the same structure and cannot be easily distinguished. An analysis is made of the performances of the various possible realizations as well as of their complexity.
Frost Formation on Fan-Supplied Tube-Fin Evaporators: A Visual and Numerical Analysis (2012)

This paper presents an experimental and numerical study to evaluate the thermal-hydraulic performance of light commercial capacity evaporators operating under frosting conditions. A tube-fin heat exchanger was tested on a closed-loop wind-tunnel considering the fan performance. A visual analysis of the frost formation processes was carried out to compare the frost layer morphology in different conditions. A mathematical model was developed and the numerical results were compared with the experimental accumulated mass of frost, air flow rate and cooling capacity, with all the predictions falling within the experimental band of uncertainties. Based on this comparison, a frost density correlation was proposed for a typical range of light commercial refrigeration applications. The results show evaporator cooling capacity reductions up to 40% due to frost formation process. Moreover, the effects of air flow reduction and low conductivity frost layer on the overall thermal resistance were analyzed, when it was found that the former is the main cause of the cooling capacity reduction under frosting conditions.
The volume effect of detectors in the dosimetry of small fields used in IMRT (2003)

In this study we investigate the effect of detector size in the dosimetry of small fields and steep dose gradients with a particular emphasis on IMRT measurements. Comparisons of calculated and measured cross-profiles and absolute dose values of IMRT treatment plans are presented. As a consequence of the finite size of the detector that was used for the commissioning of the IMRT tool, local discrepancies of more than 10% are found between calculated cross-profiles of intensity modulated beams and intensity modulated profiles measured with film. Absolute dose measurements of intensity modulated fields with a 0.6 cm3 Farmer chamber show significant differences of more than 6% between calculated and measured dose values at the isocenter of an IMRT treatment plan. Differences of not more than 2% are found in the same experiment for dose values measured with a 0.015 cm3 pinpoint ion chamber. A method to correct for the spatial response of finite-sized detectors and to obtain the "real" penumbra width of cross-profiles from measurements is introduced. Output factor measurements are performed with different detectors and are presented as a function of detector size for a 1 x 1 cm2 field. Because of its high spatial resolution and water equivalence, a diamond detector is found to be suitable as an alternative to other detectors used for small field dosimetry as there are photographic and photochromic film, TLDs, or water-equivalent scintillation detectors.
Alkane Oxidation with Air Catalyzed by Lipophilic <i>N</i>-Hydroxyphthalimides without Any Solvent (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAlkane Oxidation with Air Catalyzed by Lipophilic N-Hydroxyphthalimides without Any SolventNaoko Sawatari, Takahiro Yokota, Satoshi Sakaguchi, and Yasutaka IshiiView Author Information Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 23, 7889–7891Publication Date (Web):October 18, 2001Publication History Received8 June 2001Published online18 October 2001Published inissue 1 November 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0158276https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0158276brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2156Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Oxidation,Oxidation reactions,Reaction products,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Tributyltin interacts with mitochondria and induces cytochrome c release (2001)

Although triorganotins are potent inducers of apoptosis in various cell types, the critical targets of these compounds and the mechanisms by which they lead to cell death remain to be elucidated. There are two major pathways by which apoptotic cell death occurs: one is triggered by a cytokine mediator and the other is by a mitochondrion-dependent mechanism. To elucidate the mechanism of triorganotin-induced apoptosis, we studied the effect of tributyltin on mitochondrial function. We found that moderately low doses of tributyltin decrease mitochondrial membrane potential and induce cytochrome c release by a mechanism inhibited by cyclosporine A and bongkrekic acid. Tributyltin-induced cytochrome c release is also prevented by dithiols such as dithiothreitol and 2,3-dimercaptopropanol but not by monothiols such as GSH, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, L-cysteine and 2-mercaptoethanol. Further studies with phenylarsine oxide agarose revealed that tributyltin interacts with the adenine nucleotide translocator, a functional constituent of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, which is selectively inhibited by dithiothreitol. These results suggest that, at low doses, tributyltin interacts selectively with critical thiol residues in the adenine nucleotide translocator and opens the permeability transition pore, thereby decreasing membrane potential and releasing cytochrome c from mitochondria, a series of events consistent with established mechanistic models of apoptosis.
Efficacy and Safety of Adjunctive Cariprazine in Inadequate Responders to Antidepressants (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01469377.
Role of Basic Science in the Development of New Medicines: Examples from the Eicosanoid Field (2012)

The role of basic science in the development of health care has received more and more attention. In my own area of research involving the so-called eicosanoids, there are many examples of how studies of structure and function of small molecules, as well as proteins and genes, have led to new therapeutic agents for treatment of a variety of diseases. In most of the cases, the discoveries have resulted in the recognition of novel therapeutic targets amenable to modulation by small molecules. However, there are also examples in which the molecular mechanisms of actions of drugs, discovered by phenotypic screening, have been elucidated. The majority of the examples in this article consist of approved drugs; however, in some cases, ongoing developments of potential therapeutics are cited.
Late Paraphrenia (1967)

An editorial in the British Medical Journal in 1962 drew attention to the fact that research workers have taken relatively little interest in the psychoses of the elderly. The editorial commented on the important paper by Kay and Roth (1961), which analysed the condition known as “late paraphrenia”. Since the publication of this editorial, no significant contribution has been added to the analysis of this illness.
Design and Evaluation of a Wearable Skin Stretch Device for Haptic Guidance (2017)

We present a wearable skin stretch device for the forearm. It is composed of four cylindrical end effectors, evenly distributed around the user's forearm. They can generate independent skin stretch stimuli at the palmar, dorsal, ulnar, and radial sides of the arm. When the four end effectors rotate in the same direction, the wearable device provides cutaneous stimuli about a desired pronation/supination of the forearm. On the other hand, when two opposite end effectors rotate in different directions, the cutaneous device provides cutaneous stimuli about a desired translation of the forearm. To evaluate the effectiveness of our device in providing navigation information, we carried out two experiments of haptic navigation. In the first one, subjects were asked to translate and rotate the forearm toward a target position and orientation, respectively. In the second experiment, subjects were asked to control a 6-DoF robotic manipulator to grasp and lift a target object. Haptic feedback provided by our wearable device improved the performance of both experiments with respect to providing no haptic feedback. Moreover, it showed similar performance with respect to sensory substitution via visual feedback, without overloading the visual channel.
2G & 3G Mobile Network's Security and User Authentication (2002)

By comparing the difference between the security aspects of 2G and 3G system, user′s secure access in the 2G 3G network is investigated, and the authentication mechanism of the 2G and 3G roaming users′ access to the 2G 3G network is analyzed.
The new cryogenic facility at LMA (2012)

To support the research effort for the third generation of gravitational wave interferometers, the Laboratoire des Matériaux Avancés (LMA) at Lyon, France has developed a new cryogenic facility to characterize optics at low temperature. The new cryostat is installed in a clean room and allows samples to be cooled down to 10 Kelvin in around 12 hours.
Neural MOS Prediction for Synthesized Speech Using Multi-Task Learning With Spoofing Detection and Spoofing Type Classification (2020)

Several studies have proposed deep-learning-based models to predict the mean opinion score (MOS) of synthesized speech, showing the possibility of replacing human raters. However, inter- and intra-rater variability in MOSs makes it hard to ensure the high performance of the models. In this paper, we propose a multi-task learning (MTL) method to improve the performance of a MOS prediction model using the following two auxiliary tasks: spoofing detection (SD) and spoofing type classification (STC). Besides, we use the focal loss to maximize the synergy between SD and STC for MOS prediction. Experiments using the MOS evaluation results of the Voice Conversion Challenge 2018 show that proposed MTL with two auxiliary tasks improves MOS prediction. Our proposed model achieves up to 11.6% relative improvement in performance over the baseline model.
A HyperNet Architecture (2014)

Network virtualization is becoming a fundamental building block of future Internet architectures. By adding networking resources into the “cloud”, it is possible for users to rent virtual routers from the underlying network infrastructure, connect them with virtual channels to form a virtual network, and tailor the virtual network (e.g., load application-specific networking protocols, libraries and software stacks on to the virtual routers) to carry out a specific task. In addition, network virtualization technology allows such special-purpose virtual networks to co-exist on the same set of network infrastructure without interfering with each other. Although the underlying network resources needed to support virtualized networks are rapidly becoming available, constructing a virtual network from the ground up and using the network is a challenging and labor-intensive task, one best left to experts. To tackle this problem, we introduce the concept of a HyperNet, a pre-built, pre-configured network package that a user can easily deploy or access a virtual network to carry out a specific task (e.g., multicast video conferencing). HyperNets package together the network topology configuration, software, and network services needed to create and deploy a custom virtual network. Users download HyperNets from HyperNet repositories and then “run” them on virtualized network infrastructure much like users download and run virtual appliances on a virtual machine. To support the HyperNet abstraction, we created a Network Hypervisor service that provides a set of APIs that can be called to create a virtual network with certain characteristics. To evaluate the HyperNet architecture, we implemented several example Hyper-Nets and ran them on our prototype implementation of the Network Hypervisor. Our experiments show that the Hypervisor API can be used to compose almost any special-purpose network – networks capable of carrying out functions that the current Internet does not provide. Moreover, the design of our HyperNet architecture is highly extensible, enabling developers to write high-level libraries (using the Network Hypervisor APIs) to achieve complicated tasks.
Engineering Large Systems - Managing Organisational Complexity (1994)

Engineering systems are becoming larger in terms of resources and complexity. At the same time the engineer's work is becoming more specialised. This results in specialised engineers that know a little part of an overall project. The engineering activity becomes less visible and less understood by other professions and other players within the engineer's organisation. This causes break downs in communication between the different project areas. The development of sound concepts and models are indispensable for achieving communication in such an environment. In addition to the traditional engineering disciplines, engineering as a whole is reliant on the art of communicating with well thought symbols (models). The systems that engineers design and manage include both machines and people. With the inclusion of people, systems can no longer be regarded as inanimate objects, but rather as 'organisms'. These organisms are complex systems with a machine like part and a process or organisational part. Both are complex. The complexity depends on the design and on the environment to which the total system faces. Engineers need to see themselves as managers of organisational complexity before anything else. Only by understanding the whole, can a good design of the parts be achieved.
Blur determination in the compressed domain using DCT information (1999)

The paper presents a simple yet robust measure of image quality in terms of global (camera) blur. It is based on histogram computation of non-zero DCT coefficients. The technique is directly applicable to images and video frames in compressed (MPEG or JPEG) domain and to all types of MPEG frames (I-, P- or B-frames). The resulting quality measure is proved to be in concordance with subjective testing and is therefore suitable for quick qualitative characterization of images and video frames.
Apparent zero-order kinetics of phenol biodegradation by substrate-inhibited microbes at low substrate concentrations (1996)

The reaction kinetics for phenol biodegradation at low substrate concentrations can be estimated based on the analysis of changes in the dissolved oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid during biodegradation. The measured oxygen concentration changes with an interesting behavior as biodegradation proceeds. The oxygen concentration in the bulk liquid decreases rapidly in the early stages of degradation and subsequently decreases linearly and then rapidly recovers to the initial saturated level. Taking into account the oxygen transfer rate between gas and liquid phases and oxygen consumption rate by microbes, the change in the dissolved oxygen concentration can be simulated with an unsteady state mass balance equation and three kinetic models for the rate of phenol metabolism: a substrate-inhibited model; a zero-order model; and a combined model. In the combined model, it is assumed that, at phenol concentrations above 10 mg/L, the degradation rate is expressed by a substrate-inhibited model; whereas at concentrations below 10 mg/L the zero-order model is applied. It was found that the characteristics of the change in the dissolved oxygen concentration, especially the rapid increase at the end of degradation, can only be described by the combined kinetic model. This result suggests that conventional Haldane-type kinetics would be unsuitable for estimating the phenol consumption rate at low phenol concentrations, in particular, at concentrations less than 10 mg/L.
Evaluation of cholecystic venous flow using indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (2009)

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography is considered to be a useful method to detect and elucidate cholecystic venous flow in real time. This study showed that the cholecystic venous flow spread to the liver through two different pathways, one that flowed directly into the hepatic parenchyma adjacent to the gallbladder, while the other flowed into sites separate from the gallbladder. Taking these findings into consideration, we may therefore need to reconsider the preventive effects of a hepatic resection.
Hard Authentication of H.264 Video Applying MPEG-21 Generic Bitstream Syntax Description (gBSD) (2007)

While trivial research has been conducted in watermarking and authentication of H.264 video in recent years, most techniques require cascaded operations within a video adaptation scenario. In this paper, we propose an authentication scheme for adapted H.264 video content to detect integrity at the receiver's side without the need for cascaded operations. The proposed scheme utilizes MPEG-21 gBSD for hard authentication of H.264 video in the compressed domain and does not necessitate any cascaded decompression and recompression. The design uses content-based authentication which is derived from a hash value. The authentication data is embedded as a fragile watermark, and the marking space is selected during the adaptation process of the H.264 video by parsing the gBSD. The authentication information is embedded in already encoded videos during adaptation. Proof of concept and performance evaluation is also presented.
Collection of hyperconcentrated platelets with Trima Accel (2005)

Although TA is a suitable device for PLT collection at very high concentrations, improvements are desirable to further increase the productivity above its currently validated upper collect concentration limit.
Geldanamycin, an hsp90/GRP94‐binding drug, induces increased transcription of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperones via the ER stress pathway (1998)

Geldanamycin, a benzoquinone ansamycin, binds specifically to hsp90 and GRP94 in vitro and in vivo. Treatment of cells with geldanamycin alters the molecular chaperone function of hsp90, and as a result, blocks certain cytosolic proteins from reaching their mature form, inhibits their activity, and/or affects their stability. In contrast, little is known about either the effects of geldanamycin on GRP94, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homologue of hsp90, or the role of GRP94 in protein folding. In this study, we demonstrate in a variety of cell lines that geldanamycin is a potent inducer of the cellular response to stress in the ER, resulting in the transcriptional up-regulation of ER chaperones and expression of the gadd153/CHOP transcription factor. Their induction occurs through the unfolded protein response pathway originating in the ER and is not due to effects of the drug on hsp90. Geldanamycin increases the association of nascent proteins with BiP, which indicates that their folding and/or assembly has been altered. These data suggest that GRP94 may play an essential role in the maturation of a number of secretory pathway proteins. J. Cell. Physiol. 174:170–178, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Fast Recursive Algorithm For Computing The Discrete Cosine Transform (1986)

The Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) has found wide applications in various fields, including image data compression, because it operates like the Karhunen-Loeve Transform for stationary random data. This paper presents a recursive algorithm for DCT whose structure allows the generation of the next higher-order DCT from two identical lower order DCT's. As a result, the method for implementing this recursive DCT requires fewer multipliers and adders than other DCT algorithms.
Antibacterial biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys (2013)

The use of magnesium alloys as degradable metals for biomedical applications is a topic of ongoing research and the demand for multifunctional materials is increasing. Hence, binary Mg-Ag alloys were designed as implant materials to combine the favourable properties of magnesium with the well-known antibacterial property of silver. In this study, three Mg-Ag alloys, Mg2Ag, Mg4Ag and Mg6Ag that contain 1.87 %, 3.82 % and 6.00 % silver by weight, respectively, were cast and processed with solution (T4) and aging (T6) heat treatment. The metallurgical analysis and phase identification showed that all alloys contained Mg4Ag as the dominant β phase. After heat treatment, the mechanical properties of all Mg-Ag alloys were significantly improved and the corrosion rate was also significantly reduced, due to presence of silver. Mg(OH)₂ and MgO present the main magnesium corrosion products, while AgCl was found as the corresponding primary silver corrosion product. Immersion tests, under cell culture conditions, demonstrated that the silver content did not significantly shift the pH and magnesium ion release. In vitro tests, with both primary osteoblasts and cell lines (MG63, RAW 264.7), revealed that Mg-Ag alloys show negligible cytotoxicity and sound cytocompatibility. Antibacterial assays, performed in a dynamic bioreactor system, proved that the alloys reduce the viability of two common pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (DSMZ 20231) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (DSMZ 3269), and the results showed that the killing rate of the alloys against tested bacteria exceeded 90%. In summary, biodegradable Mg-Ag alloys are cytocompatible materials with adjustable mechanical and corrosion properties and show promising antibacterial activity, which indicates their potential as antibacterial biodegradable implant materials.