gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet radiation for the sterilization of contact lenses. (1991)

Two sources of ultraviolet (UV) radiation with peak wavelengths in the UV-C or UV-B ranges were compared for their ability to sterilize contact lenses infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Acanthamoeba castellani, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger. Also examined was the effect of prolonged UV light exposure on soft and rigid gas permeable (RGP) contact lenses. The UV-C lamp (253.7 nm, 250 mW/cm2 at 1 cm) was germicidal for all organisms within 20 minutes but caused destruction of the soft lens polymers within 6 hours of cumulative exposure. UV-C caused damage to RGP lenses in less than 100 hours. The UV-B lamp (290-310 nm, 500 mW/cm2 at 1 cm) was germicidal for all organisms tested (except Aspergillus) with a 180-minute exposure and caused less severe changes in the soft lens polymers than did the UV-C lamp, although cumulative exposure of 300 hours did substantially weaken the soft lens material. RGP materials were minimally affected by exposure to 300 hours of UV-B. Ultraviolet light is an effective germicidal agent but is injurious to soft lens polymers; its possible utility in the sterilization of RGP lenses and lens cases deserves further study.
The Effect of Credit Insurance on Liquidity Constraints and Default Rates: Evidence From a Governmental Intervention (2009)

Entender en que medida las intervenciones al mercado financiero pueden reducir las restricciones de liquides es crucial tanto para economistas como para politicos. A pesar que existe consenso que el acceso limitado al sistema financiero puede reducir el numero de proyectos empresariales, existen pocos estudios que midan cuan exitosas son diferentes tipos de intervenciones publicas en corregir este problema. En este trabajo utilizamos el sistema de garantias parciales de credito administrado por FOGAPE, para estudiar como este tipo de instrumentos pueden afectar el nivel de acceso de los empresarios al mercado formal de credito. Tambien exploramos como estos esquemas afectan las tasas de no pago de las deudas garantizadas. En el estudio encontramos que los esquemas de garantias parciales de credito aumentan tanto el numero de prestamos como el total de recursos destinados a pequenos y medianos empresarios. Ademas para empresarios con similares niveles de activo fijo, las garantias de credito aumentan la capacidad de endeudamiento. Tambien encontramos que los sistemas de garantia aumentan la tasa de no pago de las deudas garantizadas, sin embargo la evidencia sugiere que el aumento del riesgo es mayormente explicados por problemas de incentivos a la operacion de los bancos y no por problemas de riesgo moral de los emprendedores.
The Lord of the Rings (2004)

Weta Digital's work on the "Lord of the Rings" trilogy involved it in all aspects of feature film visual effects, from creature and digital double animation to massive battle scenes, from the creation of entirely digital environments to the ground-breaking digital performance of Gollum.
Dynamics of Back-Electron Transfer Processes of Strongly Coupled Triphenyl Methane Dyes Adsorbed on TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticle Surface as Studied by Fast and Ultrafast Visible Spectroscopy (2001)

Electron injection and back-electron transfer (BET) dynamics of triphenylmethane (TPM) dyes adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles have been studied by fast and ultrafast pump−probe spectroscopy in the subpico- to microsecond time domain. TPM dyes form charge-transfer complex with TiO2 nanoparticles as they get adsorbed on the surface. Among the three TPM dyes, pyrogallol red (PGR) and bromo-pyrogallol red (Br−PGR) have higher electronic coupling to or interaction with TiO2 nanoparticles compared to aurin tricarboxylic acid (ATC). Excitation of the dyes adsorbed on the TiO2 nanoparticle surface leads to electron injection into the conduction band of TiO2. Electron injection has been confirmed by direct detection of an electron in the conduction band, a cation radical of the adsorbed dye, and a bleach of the dye in real time as monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy in the visible and near-IR regions. The dynamics of BET from TiO2 to the parent cation have been measured by monitoring the recovery kinetics of the bleach of the adsorbed dye. BET dynamics have been found to be multiexponential, and it is extremely fast for the strong coupling dyes (PGR and Br−PGR). The majority of the injected electrons are found to come back to the parent cation with a time constant of ∼2 ps. BET dynamics have been compared for the strong (PGR) and moderate (ATC) coupling dyes in the microsecond time domain. Intensity dependence experiments show BET reactions for PGR- and Br−PGR-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles follow a first-order ET rate, where as ATC-sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles follow a second-order ET rate. It has been observed that for strongly coupled dyes, BET reaction occurs much faster than that for weakly coupled dyes. Coupling elements for the BET processes from TiO2 nanoparticles to the parent cation have been determined for shallow and deep trap electrons in the above systems.
MR perfusion imaging of pulmonary parenchyma using pulsed arterial spin labeling techniques: FAIRER and FAIR (1999)

Magnetic resonance imaging of pulmonary parenchyma perfusion using pulsed arterial spin labeling (ASL) techniques is presented. ASL uses magnetically labeled water as an endogenous, freely diffusible tracer. Presented are comparative results of ASL methods called Flow sensitive Alternating Inversion Recovery (FAIR), and FAIR with an Extra Radiofrequency pulse (FAIRER). Six healthy human volunteers were imaged. Perfusion-weighted images at different time delays, TI, were calculated from the subtraction of the control and tag images, which were acquired within a single breathhold. Detailed pulmonary structures can be visualized with negligible cardiac or respiratory motion artifacts. Different patterns of signal enhancement between the pulmonary vessels and parenchyma are shown in the perfusion images acquired at different TIs.J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 1999;9:483–487. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
90% Bi2Te3-10% Bi2Se3 단결정의 밴드갭 에너지와 열전특성 (1999)

The temperature dependences of the Hall coefficient, carrier mobility, electrical resistivity, Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and figure-of-merit of the undoped and -doped 90% , single crystals, grown by the Bridgman method, have been characterized at temperatures ranging from 77K to 600K. The saturated carrier concentration and degenerate temperature of the undoped 90% single crystal are and 127K, respectively. The scattering parameter of the 90% single crystal is determined to b -0.23, and the electron mobility to hole mobility ratio is 1.45. The bandgap energy at 0K of the 90% single crystal is 0.200 eV. Adding as a donor dopant, a maximum figure-of-merit of $3.2\times10^{-3}/K$-doped specimen.
Enantiospecific inhibition of ligature‐induced periodontitis in beagles with topical (S)‐ketoprofen (1997)

Systemic and topical administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to reduce periodontal disease progression in both animal models and human subjects. Our present research focuses on single enantiomers of these agents to examine whether enantiospecific therapy will be efficacious in slowing periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of (S)-ketoprofen on experimentally induced alveolar bone loss in beagle dogs. 16, 18-month-old, female beagles were brought to optimal periodontal health over a 2-week pretreatment period. Experimental periodontitis was then induced by placing silk ligatures around premolar and molar teeth and by instituting a soft, plaque-promoting diet. At baseline, animals were randomized to 1 of 4 groups, consisting of 2x daily administration of (1) placebo dentifrice, (2) 0.3% (S)-ketoprofen dentifrice, (3) 3.0% (S)-ketoprofen dentifrice, or (4) 10.0 mg (S)-ketoprofen capsules (p.o.) over a 60 day treatment period. Standardized, periapical radiographs exposed at days 1 and 60 were analyzed by computer-assisted digital radiography in order to assess the rate of alveolar bone loss. Secondary outcomes included technetium 99m-tin-diphosphonate (99mTc-Sn-MDP) uptake and the gingival index. At baseline, no differences were observed among the groups for linear bone height or 99mTc-Sn-MDP uptake ratios. From days 1 to 60, cohorts differed significantly in terms of bone loss rates (p < 0.001). In particular, beagles treated with systemic or topical (S)-ketoprofen (0.3% or 3.0% dentifrices) exhibited significantly lower mean rates of bone loss compared to placebo treated beagles (p < 0.05). Group differences in mean radiopharmaceutical uptake ratio changes approached significance (ANOVA, p = 0.07), where animals treated with topical 0.3% (S)-ketoprofen demonstrated a reduction and other groups demonstrated elevations over the 60-day dosing period. Treatment cohorts did differ significantly with respect to changes in mean gingival indices (p < 0.05). Animals treated with 0.3% or 3.0% (S)-ketoprofen dentifrice exhibited significantly reduced elevations in gingival index scores as compared to placebo treated animals. These data provide evidence that enantiospecific therapy with (S)-ketoprofen, topically or systemically delivered, may alter the progression of periodontal disease in the beagle dog model.
Magnetic separation of nanoparticles (1998)

Magnetic particles in the nanometer size range can be captured by sufficiently large magnetic forces in competition with thermal diffusion. This paper reports on the results of applying two types of magnetic separation, matrix and continuous, to particles in the nanometer size range. Rather than capture particles on a matrix, it is advantageous for some applications to employ a continuous method of separation. We used a dilute ferrofluid in both matrix and continuous flow through an axial HGMS separator in a transverse magnetic field of 0.01 T. The initial particle size distribution was designed to be 5-20 nm. but had some larger clusters. The measured size distribution of the feed material had two peaks, at 12-14 nm. and at 81-84 nm. Particle size distributions of separated fractions were obtained by dynamic laser scattering and show peaks at 12 and 47 nm. for 0.01 T and 5 and 63 nm. for 0.02 T for matrix separations and at 74, 78, and 115 nm. respectively for the continuous. The size distribution of the largest particles was extremely narrow.
Fibre optic wavelength channel selector with high resolution (1992)

The coupling of optical power between a fibre, side polished close to the core, and a planar multimode waveguide overlay is highly wavelength selective. Vacuum deposited films and polished lithium niobate have been used in the role of the overlay and a wavelength resolution of 3nm (with subnanometre feasibility) has been demonstrated with losses of less than 0.2dB. Electro-optic tunability in the region of a few nanometres was also observed for the lithium niobate devices.
Gut adaptation and the insulin-like growth factor system: regulation by glutamine and IGF-I administration (1996)

Intestinal adaptation after extensive small bowel resection in rats is augmented by the provision of diets supplemented with the amino acid glutamine (Gln) or by administration of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I). The goal of this study was to investigate potential synergistic effects of Gln and IGF-I on postresection ileal hyperplasia. Rats underwent 80% small bowel resection (SBR) and then were fed low-Gln or L-Gln-enriched diets and subcutaneously given recombinant human IGF-I or vehicle for 7 days. Gln and IGF-I each significantly enhanced adaptive ileal hyperplasia (DNA content) compared with rats receiving vehicle and low-Gln diet. Ileal DNA content was highest when IGF-I was administered together with Gln supplementation. Combined IGF-I plus Gln synergistically increased ileal weight and protein content. This was associated with higher plasma concentrations of IGF-I and Gln than observed when IGF-I or Gln was given individually. Ileal IGF-I mRNA expression rose nearly twofold during gut adaptation after SBR; this response was augmented with IGF-I administration but was unaltered by Gln feeding. In contrast, dietary Gln, but not IGF-I therapy, prevented a decrease in hepatic IGF-I mRNA induced by SBR. We conclude that parenteral IGF-I and enteral Gln have both individual and synergistic effects on ileal adaptation after massive small intestinal resection. These findings support the concept that specific gut-trophic nutrients and growth factors may be combined to enhance intestinal adaptation and possibly reduce the severity of short bowel syndrome after intestinal resection.
Current and emerging technology in G-LOC detection: pulse wave delay for +Gz tolerance assessment. (1988)

We have found that pulse wave delay increases linearly with +Gz experienced by conscious subjects and that G-tolerance limits, as measured using conventional light bars, occur repeatedly at the same pulse wave delays or delta delay. When protective modalities such as anti-G suits or supinating seats are used, the delta delays increase at a slower rate as a function of +Gz. G-tolerance thresholds occur at higher +Gz levels with protection but the delta pulse wave delays reach the same value for all tolerance levels. This parameter can be used to warn expert systems of the approach of G-LOC during actual flight and/or provides an objective measure of G protection provided by new or modified anti-G equipment. Therefore, this tool can be used in the research setting to evaluate the efficacy of G-protective equipment in an objective manner.
MT-based sentence alignment for OCR-generated parallel texts (2010)

The performance of current sentence alignment tools varies according to the to-be-aligned texts. We have found existing tools unsuitable for hard-to-align parallel texts and describe an alternative alignment algorithm. The basic idea is to use machine translations of a text and BLEU as a similarity score to find reliable alignments which are used as anchor points. The gaps between these anchor points are then filled using BLEU-based and length-based heuristics. We show that this approach outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in our alignment task, and that this improvement in alignment quality translates into better SMT performance. Furthermore, we show that even length-based alignment algorithms profit from having a machine translation as a point of comparison.
Competition between Ferroelectric and Antiferroelectric Interactions Stabilizing Varieties of Phases in Binary Mixtures of Smectic Liquid Crystals (1992)

An electric field-temperature ( E-T ) phase diagram has been drawn for several binary mixtures of antiferroelectric liquid crystals using conoscopic observation. All the possible phases are SmA-SmC α * -SmC * -new antiferroelectric phase-new ferrielectric phase-SmC γ * -new ferrielectric phase-SmC A * , some of which appear in the above regular order. Two Devil's staircases are necessary to elucidate systematic understanding of successive phase transitions among ferroelectric, ferrielectric and antiferroelectric phases: one is a staircase of SmC α * ( q T ) already discussed by Takanishi et al . and the other is a staircase of SmC A * ( q T ). Competition between an antiferroelectric interaction responsible for SmC A * and a ferroelectric one for SmC * is considered to stabilize a variety of phases, SmC A * ( q T ).
PocketTouch (2011)

PocketTouch is a capacitive sensing prototype that enables eyes-free multitouch input on a handheld device without having to remove the device from the pocket of one's pants, shirt, bag, or purse. PocketTouch enables a rich set of gesture interactions, ranging from simple touch strokes to full alphanumeric text entry. Our prototype device consists of a custom multitouch capacitive sensor mounted on the back of a smartphone. Similar capabilities could be enabled on most existing capacitive touchscreens through low-level access to the capacitive sensor. We demonstrate how touch strokes can be used to initialize the device for interaction and how strokes can be processed to enable text recognition of characters written over the same physical area. We also contribute a comparative study that empirically measures how different fabrics attenuate touch inputs, providing insight for future investigations. Our results suggest that PocketTouch will work reliably with a wide variety of fabrics used in today's garments, and is a viable input method for quick eyes-free operation of devices in pockets.
Derivatized cyclodextrins for normal-phase liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatized cyclodextrins for normal-phase liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomersDaniel W. Armstrong, Apryll M. Stalcup, Martha L. Hilton, Jo Dee. Duncan, James R. Faulkner, and San Chun. ChangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1990, 62, 15, 1610–1615Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00214a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00214a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views550Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Silicon carbide MEMS for harsh environments (1998)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising material for the development of high-temperature solid-state electronics and transducers, owing to its excellent electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. This paper is a review of silicon carbide for microelectromechanical systems (SiC MEMS). Current efforts in developing SiC MEMS to extend the silicon-based MEMS technology to applications in harsh environments are discussed. A summary is presented of the material properties that make SiC an attractive material for use in such environments. Challenges faced in the development of processing techniques are also outlined. Last, a review of the current stare of SiC MEMS devices and issues facing future progress are presented.
Absence of IL-4 Facilitates the Development of Chronic Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis in C57BL/6 Mice (2003)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a T cell-dependent, Ab-mediated autoimmune disease. Ab against muscle acetylcholine receptor (AChR) cause the muscular weakness that characterizes MG and its animal model, experimental MG (EMG). EMG is induced in C57BL6 (B6) mice by three injections of Torpedo AChR (TAChR) in adjuvant. B6 mice develop anti-TAChR Ab that cross-react with mouse muscle AChR, but their CD4+ T cells do not cross-react with mouse AChR sequences. Moreover, murine EMG is not self-maintaining as is human MG, and it has limited duration. Several studies suggest that IL-4 has a protecting function in EMG. Here we show that B6 mice genetically deficient in IL-4 (IL-4-/-) develop long-lasting muscle weakness after a single immunization with TAChR. They develop chronic self-reactive Ab, and their CD4+ T cells respond not only to the TAChR and TAChR subunit peptides, but also to several mouse AChR subunit peptides. These results suggest that in B6 mice, regulatory mechanisms that involve IL-4 contribute to preventing the development of a chronic Ab-mediated autoimmune response to the AChR.
Ultrasonic Lamb Wave Inspection Using Fiber Bragg Gratings (2008)

A new ultrasonic Lamb wave nondestructive testing (NDT) system is developed in this paper. The basic idea is to use fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) sensors as acoustic receivers of ultrasonic Lamb waves. The spectral response of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) subjected to the ultrasonic field has been theoretically and numerically investigated. Taking into account the geometrical and elasto-optic effects, the Bragg effective refractive index modulation under the ultrasonic wave action is deduced. A transfer matrix method is used to analyze the influence of ultrasound on the reflection spectrum of FBGs. Numerical results show that the influence of ultrasonic field on grating spectrum is highly correlated to the ratio between the ultrasonic wavelength and the grating length. Only when the ratio is quite larger, the peak wavelength of reflection spectrum shifts while the shape of the grating remains unchanged. The reason is explained by the strain variation along the grating. The results of this analysis provide useful tools for the determination of gage length of FBG sensor and the choice of Lamb wave frequency when the new NDT system is used for damage detection.
Linewidth and Conditions for Steady Oscillation in Single and Multiple Element Lasers (1963)

A derivation is given for the linewidth of an optical maser at steady power, taking into account its peculiar physical configuration and mode structure. Two limiting cases are considered: one in which the number of back and forth reflections between the end plates is not sufficient to establish a mode in the sense of Fox and Li, the other in which such a mode is established. The linewidth for the latter case may be interpreted as the ``theoretical lower limit.'' It is pointed out, however, that this limit could not be attained even if all other sources of noise in the maser system could be eliminated. General conditions are also developed for the oscillation of a system consisting of any combination of laser and mirror elements.
Improving Hypernymy Detection with an Integrated Path-based and Distributional Method (2016)

Detecting hypernymy relations is a key task in NLP, which is addressed in the literature using two complementary approaches. Distributional methods, whose supervised variants are the current best performers, and path-based methods, which received less research attention. We suggest an improved path-based algorithm, in which the dependency paths are encoded using a recurrent neural network, that achieves results comparable to distributional methods. We then extend the approach to integrate both path-based and distributional signals, significantly improving upon the state-of-the-art on this task.
Lowering the cost of test with a scalable ate custom processor and timing ic containing 400 high-linearity timing verniers (2006)

This paper presents the architecture of the Omni ASIC, a highly integrated and scalable ATE processor and timing IC. This ASIC includes a complete pattern generator and 50 channels of timing, format, and fail processing. The IC includes 400 low-power timing verniers with a linearity error of less then 30 ps