gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Enzymatic Oxidation of Graphene Oxide (2011)

Two-dimensional graphitic carbon is a new material with many emerging applications, and studying its chemical properties is an important goal. Here, we reported a new phenomenon--the enzymatic oxidation of a single layer of graphitic carbon by horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In the presence of low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (∼40 μM), HRP catalyzed the oxidation of graphene oxide, which resulted in the formation of holes on its basal plane. During the same period of analysis, HRP failed to oxidize chemically reduced graphene oxide (RGO). The enzymatic oxidation was characterized by Raman, ultraviolet-visible, electron paramagnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Computational docking studies indicated that HRP was preferentially bound to the basal plane rather than the edge for both graphene oxide and RGO. Owing to the more dynamic nature of HRP on graphene oxide, the heme active site of HRP was in closer proximity to graphene oxide compared to RGO, thereby facilitating the oxidation of the basal plane of graphene oxide. We also studied the electronic properties of the reduced intermediate product, holey reduced graphene oxide (hRGO), using field-effect transistor (FET) measurements. While RGO exhibited a V-shaped transfer characteristic similar to a single layer of graphene that was attributed to its zero band gap, hRGO demonstrated a p-type semiconducting behavior with a positive shift in the Dirac points. This p-type behavior rendered hRGO, which can be conceptualized as interconnected graphene nanoribbons, as a potentially attractive material for FET sensors.
AN IMPROVED SAFETY ALGORITHM FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ENABLED PROCESSORS IN SELF DRIVING CARS (2019)

The innovation in the automobiles have undergone a most noteworthy leap from the operation of the vehicles that was human centered to vehicles with the self -driving ability. The self-driving cars being a major level of attraction today, needs to concentrate also on the privacy, energy, traffic flow, environmental issues and the road safety. The perfect road safety is a goal that can be never achieved, due to the growing number of vehicles and the human population all over the world. Measures to improve the probability of the safety is put forward in the paper for the cars with the capability of the self-driving built with the artificial intelligence enabled processors. The performance evaluation of the proposed algorithm for using real time data ensures the competence of the safety algorithm in the self-driving cars.
Conjugates of synthetic cyclic peptides elicit bactericidal antibodies against a conformational epitope on a class 1 outer membrane protein of Neisseria meningitidis (1995)

Bactericidal antibodies directed against surface loops of class 1 outer membrane proteins play a crucial role in protection against meningitis and sepsis caused by Neisseria meningitidis. So far, all efforts to obtain protective antibodies against these apparently conformational epitopes by using linear peptide analogs have been in vain. In this study, conjugates of head-to-tail cyclic peptides encompassing the predicted top of a protective surface loop were used for immunization. A series of 18 cyclic peptides with a ring size ranging from 7 to 17 residues, conjugated to tetanus toxoid, was investigated. Antipeptide and anti-whole-cell immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers elicited by the conjugates were determined. Conjugates of three peptides, containing 14, 15, and 17 amino acid residues (peptides 7, 12, and 13, respectively), induced an anti-whole-cell titer when Quillaja saponin A was used as the adjuvant. When alum was used as the adjuvant, the conjugate of peptide 12 did not elicit an anti-whole-cell response. From the Quillaja saponin A group, some of the sera obtained with conjugates of peptides 7 and 12 and all sera obtained with the peptide 13 conjugate were bactericidal in vitro. None of the sera evoked with alum as the adjuvant showed bactericidal activity. Nonbactericidal sera contained IgG1 primarily, whereas bactericidal sera showed significant titers of IgG2a and IgG2b. Class 1 protein-derived synthetic cyclic peptides which are capable of eliciting bactericidal antibodies, such as peptide 13 derived from meningococcal strain H44/76, represent potential candidates for a (semi)synthetic vaccine against meningococcal disease.
Development of Filter-Type Adsorbent Containing Prussian Blue for Adsorption of Cesium in Aqueous Phase (2018)

This study aims to develop filter-type absorbent material containing Prussian blue in order to selectively absorb and remove cesium in water. Polyvinyl alcohol sponges (PVA) and cellulose filters (CF) were selected as supporting materials for Prussian blue. Three preparation methods of chemical (A), chemical/physical (B) and physical (C) were selected to immobilize Prussian blue on the material. As a result, the optimum synthesis method is a chemical/ physical method, and PVA was more suitable as a supporting material due to its porous nature. The morphology of the selected PVA-B material was investigated by scanning with an electron microscope, and it was confirmed that Prussian blue had formed in the pores of PVA. Isothermal absorption experiments were carried out to evaluate cesium absorption behaviors. The Freundlich isotherm absorption model showed a better fit with experimental results, which confirms that physical absorption and multi-layer absorption were dominant. The maximum absorption amount was calculated as 1.637 mg/g. Although the maximum absorption amount of cesium was not superior, it is considered to be an economical material suitable for mass production because of simplicity of synthesis and low manufacturing cost.
Characterization of antigenicity and immunogenicity patterns of native and recombinant zona pellucida proteins in the white-tailed deer ( <i>Oidocoileus virginianus</i> ) (1994)

The effectiveness of zona pellucida antigens in immunizing white-tailed deer to reduce fertility was evaluated by analysing the constituent deer zona pellucida proteins and their immunogenicity. Does were immunized with porcine zona pellucida antigens. The antibodies were characterized using immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis, in which zona pellucida proteins were separated by one-dimensional and two-dimensional PAGE. Deer anti-porcine zona pellucida antibodies were found to recognize all the major proteins of the porcine zona pellucida. These antibodies also recognized several proteins of deer zona pellucida, indicating that it is possible to break immune tolerance in the deer using such a protocol. The antibodies were also found to recognize peptides of 55 and 75 kDa that were produced by expressing cDNA clones containing antigens of major glycoproteins of rabbit zona pellucida. Furthermore, antibodies against rabbit zonae pellucidae recognized antigens in zonae of paraffin-embedded deer ovaries. Taken together, these experiments demonstrate the crossreactive nature of a number of zona pellucida epitopes found in deer and in several other species. They also illustrate the immunogenicity possible in such an immunization protocol, and provide valuable probes for the investigation of follicular development in this and other species.
Regulation of epidermal homeostasis and repair by phosphoinositide 3-kinase (2006)

The epidermis undergoes continuous self-renewal to maintain its protective function. Whereas growth factors are known to modulate overall skin homeostasis, the intracellular signaling pathways, which control the delicate balance between proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes, are largely unknown. Here we show transient upregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunits p110alpha and p110beta in differentiating keratinocytes in vitro, expression of these subunits in the epidermis of normal and wounded skin, and enhanced Akt phosphorylation in the hyperproliferative wound epidermis. Stimulation of PI3K activity in cultured keratinocytes by stable expression of an inducible, constitutively active PI3K mutant promoted cell proliferation and inhibited terminal differentiation in keratinocyte monocultures and induced the formation of a hyperplastic, disorganized and poorly differentiated epithelium in organotypic skin cultures. Activation of PI3K signaling also caused reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and induced keratinocyte migration in vitro and in skin organ cultures. The identification of 122 genes, which are differentially expressed after induction of PI3K signaling provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects of active PI3K on keratinocytes and indicates that hyperproliferation may be achieved at the expense of genome integrity. These results identify PI3K as an important intracellular regulator of epidermal homeostasis and repair.
The In Vitro Action of Essential Oils on Different Organisms (2002)

Abstract The antifungal action of eight (Lavandula hybrid, Salvia officinalis L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Thymus vulgaris L., Origanum vulgare L., Mentha piperita L., Coriandrum sativum L. and Laurus nobilis L.) essential oils was tested in vitro against Phytophtora cinnamomi Rads., Pyrenochaeta lycopersici Kleb. and Verticillium dahliae Kleb., using different concentrations (up to 1600 ppm). The fungistatic + fungicidal activity of the oils was determined, and the most effective essential oils were found to be those of oregano, thyme, peppermint and coriander. Moreover, the oils were tested to determine the antifungal activity against two fungi (Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentagrophytes) that are pathogens for humans. Key Word Index: Lavandula hybrid Mentha piperita Origanum vulgare Rosmarinus officinalis Salvia officinalis Thymus vulgaris Lamiaceae Coriandrum sativum Apiaceae Laurus nobilis Lauraceaeantifungal activityessential oil compositionα-pinenep-cymene1,8-cineoleγ-terpineneα-thujonelinaloolcamphormenthonementhofuranborneolmentholα-terpineollinalyl acetatethymolcarvacrolα-terpinyl acetate
The recovery and separation of mineral values from geothermal brines. Research report, 1974--1975 (1975)

The laboratory study on recovery and separation of minerals from Sinclair No. 4 geothermal brines developed methods for recovering iron and manganese hydrated oxide compounds as separate components essentially quantitatively. In addition, lead and zinc values were also removed, essentially quantitatively, as co-precipitated compounds together with the hydrated manganese oxides. Processes were developed for the recovery of iron, manganese, zinc, lead, barium, lithium, and ammonia values from the brine. Greater than 99 percent of the total heavy metal values were separated at pH /sup +/ 8.7 under nonoxidizing conditions using lime as a precipitant. The remaining heavy metals were subsequently brought down with lime under oxidizing alkaline conditions. (GRA)
[Biomechanical study on the mechanism of the mandibular condylar fracture. 1]. (1989)

The condylar process is one of the sites predisposed to fracture clinical and experimental studies on the fracture mechanism have so far been undertaken by a number of our predecessor. However, the difference in the fracture mechanisms of intracapsular and extracapsular fracture has not completely been determined yet. In a Japanese Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: Vol.32, 1362-1381, 1986: Shimada have previously reported the strong possibility that the direction and extend of fracture lines in the fracture of condylar process were influenced by the morphological characteristics of the condylar head. In order to verify this postulation, stress distribution patterns by the cross-sectional morphology of various types of condylar heads were investigated by two-dimensional finite element method, using 15 Indian edentulous mandibles. In this analysis, loading was applied to three directions in the model of the mandibular body, and two directions in the model of the mandibular head. The results indicated the following something. 1) With the loading in the direction of condylar head from mandibular angle, compressed stress arose on the condylar head with the surface. And with the loading in the direction of condylar head from chin and mandibular body, tugged stress arose on the condylar neck. 2) With the loading in the direction of vertical, these were conjectured that comminuted fracture arose on convex type, sagittal fracture arose on concave type and a style midway fracture arose on straight type. 3) With the loading in the direction of lateral, these were conjectured that fracture of condylar neck arose on the three types, especially the tendency was remarkable on straight type.
Synthesis and Photodynamic Activity of Novel Asymmetrically Substituted Fluorinated Phthalocyanines (2005)

A series of asymmetrically substituted dodecafluorinated phthalocyanines has been synthesized via the Kobayashi ring expansion reaction of the corresponding dodecafluorinated boron subphthalocyanine with differently substituted 1,3-diiminoisoindolines. The mild reaction conditions employed during this ring expansion reaction gave rise exclusively to 3:1 asymmetrically substituted dodecafluorinated phthalocyanines. Metal insertion into the metal-free phthalocyanines was accomplished by heating at 40 degrees C in N,N-dimethylformamide in the presence of zinc bromide. The resulting zinc dodecafluorophthalocyanines were formulated as Cremophor EL oil-water emulsions and evaluated as photosensitizers in vitro against EMT-6 mouse mammary tumor cells. As compared to the previously studied zinc hexadecafluorophthalocyanine, these new asymmetrical zinc dodecafluorophthalocyanines exhibited improved photodynamic activity.
Texture formation in polycrystalline diamond films (1990)

Structure and morphology of polycrystalline diamond films prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) have been studied using x-ray texture analysis, angle-resolved optical reflection, and scanning electron microscopy. The films under investigation exhibit a pronounced 110 fiber texture, i.e., a preferential alignment of {110} planes perpendicular to the growth direction. By thinning a 180-μm-thick CVD diamond film in an oxygen discharge the dependence of the degree of 110 texture on the film thickness has been investigated. It was found that the crystals formed at the beginning of the film growth are randomly oriented, and that a preferential orientation of {110} planes develops with increasing film thickness. Computer simulations show that this behavior can be explained by evolutionary selection, i.e., competing growth of differently oriented crystals, which implies that 〈110〉 is the direction of fastest growth. In addition, angle-resolved optical reflection and scanning electron micrographs show that the surface of the diamond films consists of {111} faces. Possible explanations for these findings are discussed.
A novel watermarking scheme for image authentication in social networks (2015)

This paper presents a novel watermarking scheme for authentication of digital color images in social networks. The procedure consists of the embedding of a binary watermark image, containing the owner information, into the image to be authenticated. In order to minimize the artifacts in the host image the process is carried out in the wavelets domain. Concretely, the watermark embedding is performed in the HL4 and LH4 sub-band coefficients of the red, green and blue channels of the original image, based on an optimal channel selection quantization technique. To ensure a high robustness to tampering and malicious attacks a key-based pixel shuffling mechanism is further used. The reverse process is likewise identified for the extraction of the watermark from the authenticated image. Both embedding and extraction procedures are benchmarked on diverse color images and under the effects of different types of attacks, including geometric, non-geometric, and JPEG compression transformations. The proposed scheme proves to support imperceptible watermarking, while also showing a high resiliency to common image processing operations.
Minimum mean-squared error transform coding and subband coding (1996)

Knowledge of the power spectrum of a stationary random sequence can be used for quantizing the signal efficiently and with minimum mean-squared error. A multichannel filter is used to transform the random sequence into an intermediate set of variables that are quantized using independent scalar quantizers, and then inverse-filtered, producing a quantized version of the original sequence. Equal word-length and optimal word-length quantization at high bit rates is considered. An analytical solution for the filter that minimizes the mean-squared quantization error is obtained in terms of its singular value decomposition. The performance is characterized by a set of invariants termed second-order modes, which are derived from the eigenvalue decomposition of the matrix-valued power spectrum. A more general rank-reduced model is used for decreasing distortion by introducing bias. The results are specialized to the case when the vector-valued time series is obtained from a scalar random sequence, which gives rise to a filter bank model for quantization. The asymptotic performance of such a subband coder is derived and shown to coincide with the asymptotic bound for transform coding. Quantization employing a single scalar pre- and postfilter, traditional transform coding using a square linear transformation, and subband coding in filter banks, arise as special cases of the structure analyzed here.
On-chip temperature-compensated Love mode surface acoustic wave device for gravimetric sensing (2014)

Love mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors have been recognized as one of the most sensitive devices for gravimetric sensors in liquid environments such as bio sensors. Device operation is based upon measuring changes in the transmitted (S21) frequency and phase of the first-order Love wave resonance associated with the device upon on attachment of mass. However, temperature variations also cause a change in the first order S21 parameters. In this work, shallow grooved reflectors and a “dotted” single phase unidirectional interdigitated transducer (D-SPUDT) have been added to the basic SAW structure, which promote unidirectional Love wave propagation from the device's input interdigitated transducers. Not only does this enhance the first-order S21 signal but also it allows propagation of a third-order Love wave. The attenuation coefficient of the third-order wave is sufficiently great that, whilst there is a clear reflected S11 signal, the third-order wave does not propagate into the gravimetric sensing area of the device. As a result, whilst the third-order S11 signal is affected by temperature changes, it is unaffected by mass attachment in the sensing area. It is shown that this signal can be used to remove temperature effects from the first-order S21 signal in real time. This allows gravimetric sensing to take place in an environment without the need for any other temperature measurement or temperature control; this is a particular requirement of gravimetric biosensors.
On-chip photonic synapse (2017)

The search for new "neuromorphic computing" architectures that mimic the brain's approach to simultaneous processing and storage of information is intense. Because, in real brains, neuronal synapses outnumber neurons by many orders of magnitude, the realization of hardware devices mimicking the functionality of a synapse is a first and essential step in such a search. We report the development of such a hardware synapse, implemented entirely in the optical domain via a photonic integrated-circuit approach. Using purely optical means brings the benefits of ultrafast operation speed, virtually unlimited bandwidth, and no electrical interconnect power losses. Our synapse uses phase-change materials combined with integrated silicon nitride waveguides. Crucially, we can randomly set the synaptic weight simply by varying the number of optical pulses sent down the waveguide, delivering an incredibly simple yet powerful approach that heralds systems with a continuously variable synaptic plasticity resembling the true analog nature of biological synapses.
Insertional Inactivation of Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A (CoA) Mutase and Isobutyryl-CoA Mutase Genes in <i>Streptomyces cinnamonensis</i> : Influence on Polyketide Antibiotic Biosynthesis (1999)

The coenzyme B(12)-dependent isobutyryl coenzyme A (CoA) mutase (ICM) and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase (MCM) catalyze the isomerization of n-butyryl-CoA to isobutyryl-CoA and of methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA, respectively. The influence that both mutases have on the conversion of n- and isobutyryl-CoA to methylmalonyl-CoA and the use of the latter in polyketide biosynthesis have been investigated with the polyether antibiotic (monensin) producer Streptomyces cinnamonensis. Mutants prepared by inserting a hygromycin resistance gene (hygB) into either icmA or mutB, encoding the large subunits of ICM and MCM, respectively, have been characterized. The icmA::hygB mutant was unable to grow on valine or isobutyrate as the sole carbon source but grew normally on butyrate, indicating a key role for ICM in valine and isobutyrate metabolism in minimal medium. The mutB::hygB mutant was unable to grow on propionate and grew only weakly on butyrate and isobutyrate as sole carbon sources. (13)C-labeling experiments show that in both mutants butyrate and acetoacetate may be incorporated into the propionate units in monensin A without cleavage to acetate units. Hence, n-butyryl-CoA may be converted into methylmalonyl-CoA through a carbon skeleton rearrangement for which neither ICM nor MCM alone is essential.
Synthèse du N‐acétyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐séryl‐<scp>L</scp>‐tyrosyl‐<scp>L</scp>‐séryl‐<scp>L</scp>‐méthionyl‐γ‐<scp>L</scp>‐glutamate de benzyle et de peptides apparentés (1958)

Abstract N‐CBO‐ L ‐Seryl‐ L ‐tyrosyl‐ L ‐serine methyl ester and L ‐methionyl‐γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate are prepared by different methods. Condensation by the hydrazideazide procedure affords N‐CBO‐ L ‐seryl‐ L ‐tyrosyl‐ L ‐seryl‐ L ‐methionyl‐γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate, which is shown to be optically pure by leucine‐aminopeptidase digestion. Transformation of the above N‐CBO‐tripeptide ester to the N‐acetyltripeptide ester and condensation by the hydrazide‐azide procedure with the above dipeptide gives N‐acetyl‐ L ‐seryl‐ L ‐tyrosyl‐ L ‐seryl‐ L ‐methionyl‐γ‐benzyl‐ L ‐glutamate. The effects produced in the course of fissure of CBO‐ and benzyl‐groups from peptides containing serine and methionine residues, using HBr and acetic acid, are studied.