gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer classification of rosette‐forming cells from microscope images (1987)

Abstract This paper presents a method of rosette‐forming cell classification by image processing. This method is useful in the field of clinical immunology in dividing lymphocytes into some subpopulations and quantifying each component. The “Rosette Formation Test” is one of the most popular methods of classifying lymphocytes which consist of the different functional subsets. However, the rosette‐nonrosette judgment has been done by a human expert using a microscope. Considerable manpower is needed to judge rosette/non‐rosette cells. To solve this problem, we present a computer classification system of rosette‐forming cells in the microscopic image. The system constructs an accumulative gray‐level histogram for each cell, extracts features from histograms, and then classifies cells with the discriminant function. To confirm the effectiveness, we examined the classification system for several images. As a result with learning data (991 cells), the accuracy of classification is 84.5 percent, and the correct rate of resetted and nonrosetted cells is 86.6 percent. With unknown data (509 cells), the accuracy of classification is 84.1 percent, and the correct rate of resetted and nonrosetted cells is 86.2 percent.
Ultraviolet Photodissociation Induced by Light‐Emitting Diodes in a Planar Ion Trap (2016)

Abstract The first application of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) for ultraviolet photodissociation (UVPD) mass spectrometry is reported. LEDs provide a compact, low cost light source and have been incorporated directly into the trapping cell of an Orbitrap mass spectrometer. MS/MS efficiencies of over 50 % were obtained using an extended irradiation period, and UVPD was optimized by modulating the ion trapping parameters to maximize the overlap between the ion cloud and the irradiation volume.
Seeking the source (2005)

In distributed software development, two sorts of dependencies can arise. The structure of the software system itself can create dependencies between software elements, while the structure of the development process can create dependencies between software developers. Each of these both shapes and reflects the development process. Our research concerns the extent to which, by looking uniformly at artifacts and activities, we can uncover the structures of software projects, and the ways in which development processes are inscribed into software artifacts. We show how a range of organizational processes and arrangements can be uncovered in software repositories, with implications for collaborative work in large distributed groups such as open source communities.
Platelet Reactivity Characterized Prospectively (2001)

Prospective assessment of platelet GP IIb/IIIa activation permits stratification of patients into low- and high-risk groups with respect to adverse events after PCI.
Polypeptide structure of DNA primase from a yeast DNA polymerase-primase complex. (1985)

An immunoaffinity chromatographic procedure was developed to purify DNA polymerase-DNA primase complex from crude soluble extracts of yeast cells. The immunoabsorbent column is made of mouse monoclonal antibody to yeast DNA polymerase I covalently linked to Protein A-Sepharose. Purification of the complex involves binding of the complex to the immunoabsorbent column and elution with concentrated MgCl2 solutions. After rebinding to the monoclonal antibody column free primase activity is selectively eluted with a lower concentration of MgCl2. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate showed the presence of five major peptides, p180, p140, p74, p58, and p48 in the immunoaffinity-purified DNA polymerase-DNA primase complex. Free primase and free polymerase fractions obtained by fractionation on the immunoabsorbent column were analyzed on activity gels and immunoblots. These analyses showed that p180 and p140 are DNA polymerase peptides. Two polypeptides of 58 and 48 kDa co-fractionated with the free yeast DNA primase. From sucrose gradient analysis we estimate a molecular weight of 110 kDa for the native DNA primase.
Developing an ESS automation tool (2003)

Recent US Department of Defense initiatives have placed greater requirements on equipment manufacturers to deliver hardware which has been debugged to the greatest extent possible. The author addresses the methodology for making the transition from a statement of need, to requirements definition, and finally to the development of a piece of software specially designed to help fulfil the need for delivery of defect-free hardware. He describes the rationale and approach used in developing a computer program to assist in the planning, analysis, and control of environmental stress screening (ESS).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Network authentication tokens (2003)

Network users may be authenticated by different means and from a variety of locations. Once authenticated, the user's access should be consistent with the strength of the authentication. The author examines one possible method for determining the authentication strength and conveying this information within a distributed network. The approach discussed uses a token composed of a unique user ID and an authentication level. The token is sent along with the request for establishing a remote session. Once the token is received, the remote location determines user access based solely on the authentication token.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A regularized kernel-based approach to unsupervised audio segmentation (2009)

We introduce a regularized kernel-based rule for unsupervised change detection based on a simpler version of the recently proposed kernel fisher discriminant ratio. Compared to other kernel-based change detectors found in the literature, the proposed test statistic is easier to compute and has a known asymptotic distribution which can effectively be used to set the false alarm rate a priori. This technique is applied for segmenting tracks from TV shows, both for segmentation into semantically homogeneous sections (applause, movie, music, etc.) and for speaker diarization within the speech sections. On these tasks, the proposed approach outperforms other kernel-based tests and is competitive with a standard HMM-based supervised alternative.
Visual–spatial performance deficits in children with neurofibromatosis type‐1 (2003)

Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder associated with a variety of medical complications, cognitive impairments, and behavioral problems including a high incidence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The current study examined the hypotheses that deficits in visual-spatial/motor abilities enable one to discriminate and classify children with NF1 (n = 101) compared to control children (n = 37), beyond effects secondary to parent reported ADHD symptomology. Discriminant analysis showed a multivariate combination of visual-spatial/motor ability tests (Judgment of Line Orientation, Block Design subtest of the WISC-III, Recognition-Discrimination Test, Beery Visual-Motor Integration Test) to be a significant predictor of NF1 diagnostic status (P = 0.0000004; canonical R(2) = 0.2306). A significantly greater degree of ADHD behavior was found in the NF1 group, and a discriminant analysis using ADHD residualized visual-spatial motor scores indicated that the combination of tests continued to be a significant predictor of group membership after the level of ADHD behavior was controlled (P = 0.00002 and a canonical R(2) = 0.1818). This combination of tests proved to be a strong discriminator of NF1. It correctly identified 90% of individuals with the diagnosis, and may be useful to educators to provide assistance and alternatives to minimize the impact of learning problems in those with either known or suspected NF1.
Electrochemical and multinuclear solid-state NMR studies of tin composite oxide glasses as anodes for Li ion batteries (2000)

Electrochemical and multi-nuclear solid-state NMR studies of various tin oxide and two tin composite oxide (TCO Sn1.0Al0.42B0.56P0.40O3.6 and Sn-rich TCO Sn1.5Al0.42B0.56P0.40O4.2) samples are described, which give a coherent picture of the different processes occurring within these systems. 6,7Li NMR results demonstrate that the agglomeration of Li–Sn domains is inhibited in TCO; in contrast, in SnO, the aggregation of particles is observed. This difference results in part from the facile back-reaction between Sn and O. The interfacial energy of the most highly divided particles (TCO) allows the "back-reaction" of lithium with oxygen to be reversible at a lower potential than predicted from simple thermodynamic considerations that exclude surface energy contributions. Thus, the proximity and availability of oxygen in the host matrix may indirectly enhance the reversibility and cyclability of the cell in these materials, by "trapping the Sn particles". Aggregation may also be limited in TCO owing to the participation of the matrix observed by 27Al, 31P, and 11B NMR, where reversible changes in the coordination environment are observed during lithium uptake and removal. The size-limiting role of the matrix ions is key to the enhanced electrochemical properties of the TCO glass. The initial rearrangement of the glass network is kinetically limited, as demonstrated by galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) experiments. The combined results of this study demonstrate the unique nature of the reaction between lithium and TCO.
Synchronous Sampling and Demodulation in an Instrument for Multifrequency Bioimpedance Measurement (2007)

Direct sampling of known carriers is the preferred digital method for measuring biomodulation of tissue impedance. Due to limited resolution and conversion rate of analog-to-digital converters and limited processing power of available digital processors and/or lack of energy resources, conventional discrete-Fourier-transform-based algorithms are not efficient in small medical devices. Knowing exactly the frequencies of carriers (and excitations), an energy-saving fast signal processing method can be developed and implemented. When sampling synchronously with a carrier, it is possible to minimize the complexity of calculations and to introduce a digital-to-analog feedback for enhancement of resolution by digitizing only the small variations between adjacent samples. The proposed system is qualified on proprietary hardware.
Gaseous metabolism in the domestic chicken (1962)

(1962). Gaseous metabolism in the domestic chicken. British Poultry Science: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 51-59.
Evaluation of Copper Speciation and Water Quality Factors That Affect Aqueous Copper Tasting Response (2006)

This study determined taste thresholds for copper as its speciation was varied among free cupric ion, complexed cupric ion, and precipitated cupric particles. The impact of copper chemistry on taste is important as copper is added to many beverages and can be present in drinking water as a natural mineral or due to corrosion of copper plumbing. A one-of-five test was used to define thresholds with solutions containing 0.025-8 mg/l Cu (from copper sulfate) in distilled or mineralized water of varying pH. The mineralized water was designed to mimic the composition of a typical tap water. Group thresholds for copper in either distilled-deionized water or mineralized water were not significantly different and ranged from 0.4 to 0.8 mg/l Cu. A difference from control test was used to assess the impact of soluble and particulate copper on taste. Soluble copper species, including free cupric ion and complexed copper species, were readily tasted, while particulate copper was poorly tasted.
Isoform-Specific Transcriptional Regulation by Thyroid Hormone Receptors: Hormone-Independent Activation Operates through a Steroid Receptor Mode of Coactivator Interaction (2001)

Thyroid hormone receptors (T3Rs) are hormone-regulated transcription factors that play important roles in vertebrate homeostasis, differentiation, and development. T3Rs are synthesized as multiple isoforms that display tissue-specific expression patterns and distinct transcriptional properties. Most T3R isoforms associate with co-activator proteins and mediate transcriptional activation only in the presence of thyroid hormone. The pituitary-specific T3Rbeta-2 isoform departs from this general rule and is able to interact with p160 co-activators, and to mediate transcriptional activation in both the absence and presence of hormone. We report here that this hormone-independent activation is mediated by contacts between the unique N terminus of T3Rbeta-2 and an internal interaction domain in the SRC-1 (steroid receptor co-activator-1) and GRIP-1 (glucocorticoid receptor interacting protein 1) co-activators. These hormone-independent contacts between T3Rbeta-2 and the p160 co-activators are distinct in sequence and function from the LXXLL motifs that mediate hormone-dependent transcriptional activation and resemble instead a mode of co-activator recruitment previously observed only for the steroid hormone receptors and only in the presence of steroid hormone. Our results suggest that the transcriptional properties of the different T3R isoforms represent a combinatorial mixture of repression, antirepression, and hormone-independent and hormone-dependent activation functions that operate in conjunction to determine the ultimate transcriptional outcome.
Real-time 3D image reconstruction guidance in liver resection surgery. (2014)

Virtual patient modeling should be mandatory for certain interventions that have now to be defined, such as liver surgery. Augmented reality is clearly the next step of the new surgical instrumentation but remains currently limited due to the complexity of organ deformations during surgery. Intraoperative medical imaging used in new generation of automated augmented reality should solve this issue thanks to the development of Hybrid OR.
Fabrication and interfacing of nanochannel devices for single-molecule studies (2009)

Nanochannel devices have been fabricated using standard micromachining techniques such as optical lithography, deposition and etching. 1D nanochannels with thin glass capping and through-wafer inlet/outlet ports were constructed. 2D nanochannels have been made transparent by oxidation of polysilicon channel wall for optical detection and these fragile channels were successfully connected to macro inlet ports. The interfacing from the macro world to the nanochannels was especially designed for optical observation of filling liquid inside nanochannels using an inverted microscope. Toward single-molecule studies, individual quantum dots were visualized in 150 nm height 1D nanochannels. The potential of 2D nanochannels for single-molecule studies was shown from a filling experiment with a fluorescent dye solution.
Let Death be Death: Lessons from the Irish Wake (1998)

It is argued that traditional Irish wake customs make most sense when we acknowledge their identity as vivid ways of expressing 'non-sense'. In their roles as symbols of social and personal chaos they communicate a sense of the breakdown of order associated with the impact of human death upon individuals and communities. This is a message that is absent from some contemporary British funerals, making them less powerful rites of passage than they might otherwise be. The author is an Anglican priest, writing about the state of affairs as he sees it in parts of Britain. It is not assumed that this is a perspective that will be shared by all readers.
Chiral Luttinger Liquids at the Fractional Quantum Hall Edge (2000)

The edges of quantum Hall fluids behave as one-dimensional conductors. This article reviews electron transport into these edge states, covering both the theory based on the chiral Luttinger liquid and the experimental findings using electron tunneling as the probe. The first part of the review presents a basic description of this theory, including a derivation of the density of states, to provide a framework and language for discussing the experimental observations. The signature of the chiral Luttinger liquid is a power-law behavior for the density of states and the tunneling conductances. Experimentally, two techniques have been applied to study the tunneling conductance, using a gated point contact between two quantum Hall edges, or using a cleaved-edge barrier between an edge and a normal conductor. The point-contact method exhibits resonant tunneling, which appears to show some aspects of the Luttinger liquid, and the cleaved-edge method has yielded clear power-law dependences in the off-resonance conductances. Power-law behavior over many orders of magnitude is observed, confirming the Luttinger-liquid character of the edge states. However, the power-law exponents, while in agreement with finite-size numerical calculations, can differ from the universal values predicted by the Chern-Simon field theory. This disagreement is still not well understood. The review concludes with a brief survey of other one-dimensional conductors that have been studied to look for characteristics of the nonchiral Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid.
Functionality Encoded In Topology? Discovering Macroscopic Regulatory Modules from Large-Scale Protein-DNA Interaction Networks (2005)

The promise of discovering a functional blueprint of a cellular system from large-scale and high-throughput sequence and experimental data is predicated on the belief that the same top-down investigative approach that proved successful in other biological problems (e.g. DNA sequencing) will be as effective when it comes to inferring more complex intracellular processes. The results in this paper address this fundamental issue in the specific context of transcription regulatory networks. Although simple recurring regulatory motifs have been identified in the past, due to the size and complexity of the connectivity structure, the subdivision of such networks into larger, and possibly inter-connected, regulatory modules is still under investigation. Specifically, it is unclear whether functionally well-characterized transcriptional sub-networks can be identified by solely analyzing the connectivity structure of the overall network topology. In this paper, we show that transcriptional regulatory networks can be systematically partitioned into communities whose members are consistently functionally related. We applied the partitioning method to the transcriptional regulatory networks of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; the resulting communities of gene and transcriptional regulators can be associated to distinct functional units, such as amino acid metabolism, cell cycle regulation, protein biosynthesis and localization, DNA replication and maintenance, lipid catabolism, stress response and so on. Moreover, the observation of inter-community connectivity patterns provides a valuable tool for elucidating the inter-dependency between the discovered regulatory modules.
Thru-Tubing Conveyed ESP Pump Replacement--Live Well Intervention (2008)

Abstract ConocoPhillips Alaska, Inc. (CPAI) began installing Electric Submersible Pumps (ESP) on the North Slope in 1996. ConocoPhillips soon found that a frequent mode of ESP failure was pump wear caused by abrasives (sand/silt) or pump plugging (sand/scale). The high cost and long lead times associated with North Slope rig workovers drove the need to find an economical way to pull and replace worn or plugged pumps. Thru-Tubing Conveyed (TTC) electric submersible pump technology was developed by Centrilift and ConocoPhillips to address this issue. TTC technology allows electric submersible pumps to be changed out on live wells without the need to kill the well and work it over. When a TTC pump replacement is performed, the pump is pulled and replaced with slickline or coiled tubing while the tubing, seal section, motor, power cable, and down hole gauges remain in place. The pump can be replaced as many times as necessary until a failure occurs in the tubing, seal section, motor, or power cable. Centrilift and ConocoPhillips initially started with Thru-Tubing Conveyed Electric Submersible Progressive Cavity Pumps (TTCESPCP), which are capable of handling high solids production at lower rates. As well productivity increased with the shifting focus from vertical to horizontal/multilateral wells, TTC technology was adapted to centrifugal pumps to handle increased flow rates. The Thru-Tubing Conveyed Electric Submersible (centrifugal) pumps (TTCESP) are capable of handling high fluid and gas rates and moderately high solids production. CPAI and Centrilift have run TTCESPCPs for 10 years and TTCESPs for seven years. This paper discusses the positive and negative results CPAI and Centrilift have experienced with TTCESPCP (progressive cavity) and TTCESP (centrifugal) systems. Lessons learned, ESP run life statistics, and economic analyses are included.
Experimental Study and Analysis of a Full-Scale CFRP/CFCC Double-Tee Bridge Beam (2003)

This paper presents a study on the fabrication, instrumentation, and flexural testing of a full-scale double-tee (DT) beam, prestressed using bonded pretensioned CFRP Leadline tendons and unbonded carbon fiber composite cable (CFCC) post-tensioning strands. The beam was designed to simulate the performance of the DT beams used for the construction of the three-span Bridge Street Bridge, the first vehicular concrete bridge ever built in the United States that uses CFRP material as the principal structural reinforcement. Testing focused on measurement of strain distributions along the length and depth of the beam, transfer length, camber/deflection, cracking load, forces in post-tensioning strands, ultimate load-carrying capacity, and mode of failure. In addition, an analysis approach is presented to theoretically evaluate the response of the tested beam. It was observed that the ultimate failure of the beam was initiated by partial separation between the topping and the beam flange, which led to the crushing of the concrete topping followed by rupture of bottom tendons. The tested beam was found to have significant reserve strength beyond the service load. Theoretical calculations are similar in value to the corresponding experimental results - especially under the service load condition.
<title>MEMS microshutter SLM for intensity modulation</title> (1999)

Using two micro lens arrays and a MEMS micro shutter array, an intensity modulating Spatial Light Modulator is being developed at MEMS Optical, Inc. (patent pending) for high speed printing applications. The micro lens arrays are used to focus incident light to a point and then expand it back to its original size. At the focus point, a Foucault micro shutter array is used to modulate the amount of light allowed to pass through the aperture. The purpose for this device is for exposure control for high-speed electronic printing applications. The drive mechanism is based on an electrostatic lateral comb interdigitated drive. Design analysis shows a rise time of 1 - 2 microseconds for high voltage systems. This array of shutters is being implemented in a CMOS compatible process, and is capable of being integrated with on chip circuitry for opening and closing the shutters. The apertures are made using deep RIE etching, and the shutters are released using plasma etching. The result is an electronically controlled method of exposing a photosensitive surface at high speeds for the printing industry, with or without lasers.