gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computed tomography image analyzer: segmentation applying active contour models--"snakes". (1999)

Many diagnostic and therapeutic procedures depend on medical images. In order to overcome imperfections of obtained images which are due to acquisition process and to obtain new information from available images, many techniques have been developed. In this study relatively new method of image segmentation, active contour model--"snakes" was applied in analyzing computed tomography (CT) images in patients with acute head trauma. Using this method, lesion to brain (LBR) and ventricle to brain ratio (VBR) were obtained accurately. Quantitative variable LBR, is significantly higher in patients with other pathologic CT findings and who do not survive during hospitalization. Thus, by applying segmentation "snakes" model it is possible to extract maximum information from available CT scans. These variables could be basis for medical decision making in patients with acute head trauma.
Configuration agents, control and privacy (2000)

When a truly diverse community of users is considered, it is clear that a single interface, no matter how well designed, cannot accommodate everyone. Configuring an interface to match a particular user's requirements can be a demanding task. This paper focuses on the potential utility of configuration agents to support users with low initial levels of control, or low levels of knowledge about configuration. The relationship between configuration of systems by agents, user control, and user privacy is discussed. It is argued that privacy issues are of primary importance, and suggestions are made for ways to apply agent technologies to the configuration problem without compromising user control and privacy. Work in progress to inform and further develop these issues is described.
Effect of carborane groups and the structure of their surrounding organic residues on the reactivity of monomers and properties of polymers (1992)

The results of studies on carborane-containing polymers concerning the effect of carborane rings and the structure of the organic residues adjacent to carborane groups on the reactivity of monomers and the properties of the polymers obtained have been correlated. The bibliography includes 109 references.
Direct determination of the association constant between elongation factor Tu.cntdot.GTP and aminoacyl-tRNA using fluorescence (1985)

We have investigated the formation of the aa-tRNA X EF-Tu X GTP ternary complex spectroscopically by monitoring a fluorescence change that accompanies the association of EF-Tu X GTP with Phe-tRNAPhe-F8, a functionally active analogue of Phe-tRNAPhe with a fluorescein moiety covalently attached to the s4U-8 base. With this approach, the protein-nucleic acid interaction could be examined by direct means and at equilibrium. The fluorescence emission intensity of each Phe-tRNAPhe-F8 increased by 36-55% upon association with EF-Tu X GTP, depending on the solvent conditions. Thus, when Phe-tRNAPhe-F8 was titrated with EF-Tu X GTP, the extent of ternary complex formation was determined from the increase in emission intensity. A nonlinear least-squares analysis of the titration data yielded a dissociation constant of 0.85 nM for the ternary complex in 50 mM N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid (pH 7.6), 10 mM MgCl2, and 50 mM NH4Cl, at 6 degrees C. The delta H degrees of this interaction, determined by the temperature dependence of Kd, was -16 kcal/mol; the delta S degrees was therefore -16 cal mol-1 deg-1 at 6 degrees C in this buffer. In a more physiological polycation-containing solvent ("polymix"), the Kd was 4.7 nM. The ionic strength dependence of ternary complex formation showed that a minimum of two salt bridges and a substantial nonelectrostatic contribution are involved in the binding of aa-tRNA to EF-Tu. The affinities of unmodified aa-tRNAs for EF-Tu X GTP were determined by their abilities to compete with the fluorescent aa-tRNA for binding to the protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The elimination of methyl isothiocyanate from soil after treatment with metham‐sodium (1962)

Abstract A preliminary investigation has shown that methyl isothiocyanate is the principal product of decomposition of sodium N‐methyldithiocarbamate (metham‐sodium) when applied to soil. Methyl isothiocyanate can react with aqueous ammonia hydroxide to afford N‐methylthiourea, but surface applications of ammonium compounds to assist this reaction in soil were found to be without significant effect under outdoor conditions. Concentrations of I p. p. m. of isothiocyanate and 50 p. p. of N‐methylthiourea in soil under similar conditions were phytotoxic.
Inhibition of enhanced toxin production by Clostridium difficile in biotin-limited conditions (1998)

Production of toxins A and B by Clostridium difficile is enhanced in a defined medium with biotin-limited conditions. In the present study compounds inhibitory to enhanced toxin production by a C. difficile strain were examined. Increases in biotin concentration from 0.05 nM to 50 nM accelerated growth and inhibited enhanced toxin production. Asparagine, glutamic acid and glutamine (10 mM) showed an effect on growth and toxin production similar to that of biotin. Lysine (10 mM) suppressed growth and inhibited toxin production. Addition of these toxin-inhibitory compounds within an incubation period of 2 days inhibited the enhanced toxin production, but later addition showed only slight inhibition of toxin production. Amino acids contained in the defined medium under the biotin-limited conditions were actively utilised in the presence of the three toxin-inhibitory amino acids, but in the presence of lysine, amino-acid utilisation was suppressed. Different mechanisms of action of these toxin-inhibitory molecules, which may be divided into excess biotin, asparagine-glutamic acid-glutamine group, and lysine, are discussed.
Hepatitis B control by 2012 in the WHO Western Pacific Region: (2009)

In 2005, the WHO Western Pacific Region adopted the hepatitis B control goal of reducing the hepatitis B surface antigen seroprevalence in children at least 5 years of age to less than 2% by 2012. Universal infant immunization with three doses of hepatitis B vaccine, including a timely birth dose, is the key recommended strategy. Measuring seroprevalence in children at least 5 years of age takes into account the period when the risk of acquiring a chronic infection is highest and provides an indicator that can be monitored in the short term, within 5 years of vaccine introduction, and which correlates strongly with the long-term consequences of hepatitis B. A time-bound supranational hepatitis B control goal was chosen to create a sense of political urgency for strengthening routine immunization services and improving access to delivery care as well as providing resources for hepatitis B vaccination. Consequently, the programme strategies selected are not stand-alone but also contribute to strengthening health systems. Independent certification of achievement of the control goal, hitherto used mainly for eradication goals, is planned for all countries. Early assessment showed that adopting the regional goal led to greater political commitment, with reduced inequalities in hepatitis B vaccination between and within countries. Previous declining trends in routine immunization coverage also show signs of reversal and there is major progress in providing timely birth doses. A similar approach may be relevant to countries in Africa and South Asia, that have a high hepatitis B disease burden faltering routine immunization and poor access to skilled delivery care.
Reducing garbage collection overhead of log-structured file systems with GC journaling (2015)

The log-structured file system (LFS) writes all modifications to storage sequentially with append-only logging scheme. This characteristic of LFS is very advantageous to flash storages since the flash memory does not permit in-place overwrite. However, LFS has a high garbage collection (GC) overhead. In particular, under the lazy metadata update scheme, each GC process should invoke the high-cost checkpointing which flushes all the dirty metadata and normal data to storage. The long GC latency will degrade the response times of user requests. In this paper, we propose a GC journaling technique, which journals only the file system changes relevant to the GC process without invoking the high cost checkpointings.
Manual of Ocular Fundus Examination (1998)

Manual of ocular fundus examination , Manual of ocular fundus examination , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Surface Patterns Induced by Cu<sup>2+</sup> Ions on BPEI/PAA Layer-by-Layer Assembly (2007)

The multilayer films of branched polyethyleneimine (BPEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) have been fabricated with the layer-by-layer (LbL) method. Two characteristic courses of the film thickness growth are observed, which are the initial exponential-like growth and the following linear growth. The variation of the COOH/COO- ratio indicates that the ionization degree of the polyelectrolyte molecules decreases at the initial stage of the multilayer buildup and then levels off after about eight bilayers. The as-prepared (BPEI/PAA)n films show a relatively smooth surface. However, great morphology changes occur after immersing these films in Cu2+ or Zn2+ solution. In the case of n > or =7, wavelike surface patterns are induced to form on the films. Both wavelength and fluctuation of these surface patterns show a systematical variation with an increase of the bilayer number. Moreover, thermal treatment can stabilize these patterns and enable the preservation of them after releasing the Cu2+ ions from the LbL films by acidic treatment. Interestingly, only Cu2+ and Zn2+ can induce the formation of such surface patterns, whereas Fe2+, Ca2+, Ag+, and Na+ cannot. This phenomenon may closely relate to the different natures of the metal ions.
The action of red wine and purple grape juice on vascular reactivity is independent of plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic patients (2005)

Although red wine (RW) reduces cardiovascular risk, the mechanisms underlying the effect have not been identified. Correction of endothelial dysfunction by RW flavonoids could be one mechanism. We measured brachial artery reactivity by high-resolution ultrasonography, plasma lipids, glucose, adhesion molecules (ICAM-1 and VCAM), and platelet function in 16 hypercholesterolemic individuals (8 men and 8 women; mean age 51.6 +/- 8.1 years) without other risk factors. Twenty-four normal subjects were used as controls for vascular reactivity. Subjects randomly received RW, 250 ml/day, or purple grape juice (GJ), 500 ml/day, for 14 days with an equal wash-out period. At baseline, all 16 subjects were hypercholesterolemic (mean LDL = 181.0 +/- 28.7 mg/dl) but HDL, triglycerides, glucose, adhesion molecules, and platelet function were within normal limits. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was significantly decreased compared to controls (9.0 +/- 7.1 vs 12.1 +/- 4.5%; P < 0.05) and increased with both GJ (10.1 +/- 7.1 before vs 16.9 +/- 6.7% after: P < 0.05) and RW (10.1 +/- 6.4 before vs 15.6 +/- 4.6% after; P < 0.05). RW, but not GJ, also significantly increased endothelium-independent vasodilation (17.0 +/- 8.6 before vs 23.0 +/- 12.0% after; P < 0.01). GJ reduced ICAM-1 but not VCAM and RW had no effect on either molecule. No significant alterations were observed in plasma lipids, glucose or platelet aggregability with RW or GJ. Both RW and GJ similarly improved flow-mediated dilation, but RW also enhanced endothelium-independent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic patients despite the increased plasma cholesterol. Thus, we conclude that GJ may protect against coronary artery disease without the additional negative effects of alcohol despite the gender.
Composition design, optical gap and stability investigations of lead-free halide double perovskite Cs<sub>2</sub>AgInCl<sub>6</sub> (2017)

Stable double perovskite Cs<sub>2</sub>AgInCl<sub>6</sub> has been reported as a direct gap semiconductor with a wide band gap of 3.23 eV obtained experimentally and 3.33 eV obtained by DFT calculation.
Rational design of selective ligands for trypanothione reductase from<i>trypanosoma cruz</i>Structural effects on the inhibition by dibenzazepines based on imipramine (1997)

Trypanothione reductase, the enzyme which in trypanosomal and leishmanial parasites catalyses the reduction of trypanothione disulphide to the redox-protective dithiol and has been identified as a potential target for rational antiparasite drug design, has been found to be strongly inhibited by tricyclic compounds containing the saturated dibenzazepine (imipramine) nucleus, with Ki values in the low micromolar range. This drug lead structure was designed by molecular graphics analysis of a three-dimensional homology model, focussing on the active-site. Inhibition studies were carried out to determine the effect of inhibitor structure on the inhibitory strength towards recombinant trypanothione reductase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Hansch analysis showed that inhibitory strength depended on terms in pi, pi 2 and sigma m indicating dependence on both lipophilicity and inductive effect for ring-substituted analogues of imipramine. The side-chain omega-aminoalkyl chain had to be longer than 2-carbon units for inhibition. The effect on inhibition strength of the substituent at the omega-amino position on the side-chain of the central ring nitrogen atom depended markedly on the detailed substitution pattern of the rest of the molecule. This provides kinetic evidence studies of multiple binding modes within a single, blanket binding site for the inhibitor with the tricyclic ring system in the general region of the hydrophobic pocket lined by Trp21, Tyr110, Met113 and Phe114. This aspect of the structural sensitivity of the precise active-site triangulation adopted by the inhibitor is probably a function of the use of hydrophobic interactions of low directional specificity in this pocket combined with an electrostatic anchoring by the omega-N+ HMe2 function of the inhibitor, presumably with a glutamate side-chain, such as Glu-18, Glu-466' and/or Glu-467'.
Demonstration of phase-regeneration of DPSK signals based on phase-sensitive amplification (2005)

Amplification and simultaneous phase regeneration of DPSK signals is demonstrated using a phase-sensitive amplifier. Phase-sensitive gain is achieved in a Sagnac fiber interferometer comprised of nonpolarization maintaining, highly nonlinear fiber operating in the un-depleted pump regime. Both the pump and signal are RZ-DPSK pulse trains. The amplifier is capable of producing greater than 13 dB of phase-sensitive gain for an average pumping power of 100 mW, and easily reduces the BER of the regenerated DPSK signal by two orders of magnitude compared to the un-regenerated signal, corresponding to a negative power penalty of 2 dB. Careful optimization of the regenerator reveals much stronger BER Improvement.
Insulin Represses Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Transcription by Causing the Rapid Disruption of an Active Transcription Complex: A Potential Epigenetic Effect (2006)

Insulin represses gluconeogenesis, in part, by inhibiting the transcription of genes that encode rate-determining enzymes, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase). Glucocorticoids stimulate expression of the PEPCK gene but the repressive action of insulin is dominant. Here, we show that treatment of H4IIE hepatoma cells with the synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (dex), induces the accumulation of glucocorticoid receptor, as well as many transcription factors, coregulators, and RNA polymerase II, on the PEPCK gene promoter. The addition of insulin to dex-treated cells causes the rapid dissociation of glucocorticoid receptor, polymerase II, and several key transcriptional regulators from the PEPCK gene promoter. These changes are temporally related to the reduced rate of PEPCK gene transcription. A similar disruption of the G-6-Pase gene transcription complex was observed. Additionally, insulin causes the rapid demethylation of arginine-17 on histone H3 of both genes. This rapid, insulin-induced, histone demethylation is temporally related to the disruption of the PEPCK and G-6-Pase gene transcription complex, and may be causally related to the mechanism by which insulin represses transcription of these genes.
Mapping person-to-person variation in viral mutations that escape polyclonal serum targeting influenza hemagglutinin (2019)

Abstract A longstanding question is how influenza evolves to escape human immunity, which is polyclonal and can target many distinct epitopes on the virus. Here we map how all amino-acid mutations to influenza’s major surface protein affect viral neutralization by polyclonal human sera. The serum of some individuals is so focused that it selects single mutations that reduce viral neutralization by over an order of magnitude. However, different viral mutations escape the sera of different individuals. This individual-to-individual variation in viral escape mutations is not present among ferrets, which are frequently used as a model in influenza studies. Our results show how different single mutations help influenza escape the immunity of different members of the human population, a phenomenon that could shape viral evolution and disease susceptibility.
AgoFISH: cost-effective <i>in situ</i> labelling of genomic loci based on DNA-guided dTtAgo protein (2019)

A cost-effective and simple method for <italic>in situ</italic> labelling of genomic loci utilizing the DNA-guided DNA binding activity of the nuclease-deficient Argonaute protein in <italic>Thermus thermophilus</italic> (dTtAgo).
Treatment of Depression in Patients With Alcohol or Other Drug Dependence (2004)

Antidepressant medication exerts a modest beneficial effect for patients with combined depressive- and substance-use disorders. It is not a stand-alone treatment, and concurrent therapy directly targeting the addiction is also indicated. More research is needed to understand variations in the strength of the effect, but the data suggest that care be exercised in the diagnosis of depression-either by observing depression to persist during at least a brief period of abstinence or through efforts by clinical history to screen out substance-related depressive symptoms.
Merging Images Through Pattern Decomposition (1985)

It is frequently desirable to combine different sources of image information into a composite image prior to undertaking image analysis. For example, multiple images may be merged to extend the field of view or resolution, or to eliminate foreground obstacles. Or stereo images may be combined so that regions occluded in one camera's view are filled smoothly with regions seen by the other camera. The essential problem in image merging is "pattern conservation": important details of the component images must be preserved in the composite while no spurious pattern elements are introduced by the merging process. Simple approaches to image merging often create edge artifacts between regions taken from different source images, and these may confound subsequent image analysis. We describe an approach to image merging based on pattern decomposition. Each source image is first transformed into a set of primitive pattern elements. Pattern sets for the various source images are then combined to form a single set for the composite image. Finally the composite is reconstructed from its set of primitives. We illustrate the pattern decomposition technique with several practical applications. These include image merging to eliminate foreground objects, and merging to extend the depth of field. In all cases the Laplacian pyramid is used to encode images in terms of sets of primitives which resemble Gaussians of many scales.
Synthesis of α2‐macroglobulin in rat hepatocyte and in a cell‐free system (1983)

The biosynthesis and secretion of alpha 2-macroglobulin was studied in rat hepatocyte primary cultures. After immunoprecipitation of alpha 2-macroglobulin from a cell homogenate and the hepatocyte medium, two forms of alpha 2-macroglobulin with app. Mr of 176000 and 182000, respectively, were identified. A precursor-product relationship for the two alpha 2-macroglobulin forms was demonstrated by a pulse-chase experiment. The cellular form of alpha 2-macroglobulin could be deglycosylated by endoglucosaminidase H, whereas the medium form of alpha 2-macroglobulin remained unaffected. On the other hand, only the medium form of alpha 2-macroglobulin was found to be susceptible to neuraminidase. In vitro translation of rat liver poly(A)+ RNA resulted in a translation product of an app. Mr of 162000.
Odd waveguide mode quasi-phase matching with angled and staggered gratings (2002)

Angled and staggered gratings are used for quasi-phase matching of antisymmetric TM(10) modes in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides with high efficiency. Control of the symmetry of the nonlinear coefficient d adds a new degree of freedom in the choice of which waveguide modes will interact in a quasi-phase-matched device.
Opportunities in mobile crowd sensing (2014)

Mobile crowd sensing is a new paradigm that takes advantage of pervasive mobile devices to efficiently collect data, enabling numerous largescale applications. Human involvement is one of the most important features, and human mobility offers unprecedented opportunities for both sensing coverage and data transmission. In this article, we investigate the opportunistic characteristics of human mobility from the perspectives of both sensing and transmission, and discuss how to exploit these opportunities to collect data efficiently and effectively. We also outline various open issues brought by human involvement in this emerging research area.
Real Time Baseball Augmented Reality (2011)

As computer hardware becomes increasingly powerful, there is an ongoing trend towards integrating complex, legacy real-time systems using fewer hosts through virtualization. Especially in embedded systems domains such as avionics and automotive engineerin
Performance of scale-code division multiple access (SCDMA) over the asynchronous AWGN channel (2003)

We present a new multirate/multimedia system, which we call scale-code division multiple access (SCDMA) that depends on the code, and time and scale orthogonality introduced by pseudo-noise (PN) sequences, and wavelets. Wavelets are used as an orthonormal set of symbols for signaling, and their orthonormality is exploited over scale and time. In this system, the channel is partitioned into different scales, and each scale into time slots. In addition, the PN sequences are used in each scale to identify multiple users. In other words, each user encodes its successive information symbols with time-shifted replicas of the same basic wavelet in a specific scale and spreads its scaled and translated wavelets by its PN sequence. However, the finer the scale, the more the symbols are transmitted. We analyze this system over an asynchronous additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel by using conventional detector. Results show that SCDMA is attractive since it provides reasonable performance in addition to its multirate/multimedia advantage.