gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Organosulfur Molecular Monolayers on Au(111) using Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Organosulfur Molecular Monolayers on Au(111) using Scanning Tunneling MicroscopyGregory E. PoirierView Author Information National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 1997, 97, 4, 1117–1128Publication Date (Web):June 20, 1997Publication History Received21 November 1996Revised8 April 1997Published online20 June 1997Published inissue 1 June 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr960074mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr960074mresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5790Altmetric-Citations953LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Defects in solids,Lattices,Monolayers,Scanning tunneling microscopy Get e-Alerts
Amino acid sequence of versutoxin, a lethal neurotoxin from the venom of the funnel-web spider <i>Atrax versutus</i> (1988)

The complete amino acid sequence of versutoxin, a lethal neurotoxic polypeptide isolated from the venom of male and female funnel-web spiders of the species Atrax versutus, was determined. Sequencing was performed in a gas-phase protein sequencer by automated Edman degradation of the S-carboxymethylated toxin and fragments of it produced by reaction with CNBr. Versutoxin consisted of a single chain of 42 amino acid residues. It was found to have a high proportion of basic residues and of cystine. The primary structure showed marked homology with that of robustoxin, a novel neurotoxin recently isolated from the venom of another funnel-web-spider species, Atrax robustus.
New insulins and new insulin regimens: a review of their role in improving glycaemic control in patients with diabetes (2009)

Effective glycaemic control can reduce and potentially prevent the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. Insulin is the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes and is indicated in patients with type 2 diabetes who do no achieve optimal glycaemic control despite the use of oral hypoglycaemic agents. The advent of the so-called "designer" insulins, the insulin analogues, has offered new opportunities in the clinical management of diabetes. This review examines the efficacy of the different analogue insulins introduced thus far and goes on to explain their pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics. The review also examines the different types of insulin regimen currently used in clinical practice and discusses some of the factors that influence the choice of a particular insulin regimen. Further, irrespective of the insulin regimen used, the importance of prompt initiation and ongoing titration of insulin treatment to achieve optimal glycaemic targets is emphasised.
An algorithm to perform the rank filter and its applications (1986)

Abstract The median filter is used frequently in image processing for smoothing while retaining edges. This paper describes an efficient method to calculate the rank filter, which is a generalization of the median filter and includes it as a special case. The presented method is simpler than the method proposed previously by Danielsson. A strict proof is given for its validity. An application to the construction of a logical circuit realizing the algorithm is also described.
Acylphosphonates as substrates for Wittig and Horner-Wittig reactions. Unusual stereoselectivity in the synthesis of β-phosphinoylacrylates (1984)

Phosphorus-stabilized carbanions with additional stabilizing groups react with dialkyl acylphos- phonates (alkanoyl- and aroyl-phosphonates) to give fair to good yields of dialkyl vinylphosphonates, with some limitations imposed by competing side reactions of the acylphosphonates. ß-Phosphinoyl-acrylates prepared by the Wittig reaction were almost exclusively (E)-olefins, whereas the corresponding Horner-Wittig reactions favoured (2) products. It is suggested that electronic interactions of substituents in the reaction intermediates play a role in determining this stereoselectivity.
Threshold Selection for Line Detection Algorithms (1980)

Local operators are used to detect linear features in Landsat data for an area where such features are typically less than 1 pixel in width. A modification to existing techniques is made which gives improved results. The choice of threshold for the detector algorithm is investigated by considering line and background intensity, linewidths, and line alignment with respect to the pixel boundaries and spatial autocorrelation in the data set. It is found that results will always contain a significant amount of noise. Two postprocessing techniques are described which reduce this noise by utilizing contextual information in the data.
Compatible genericity with run-time types for the Java programming language (1998)

The most serious impediment to writing substantial programs in the Java™ programming language is the lack of a gentricity mechanism for abstracting classes and methods with respect to type. During the past two years, several research groups have developed Java extensions that support various forms of genericity, but none has succeeded in accommodating general type parameterization (akin to Java arrays) while retaining compatibility with the existing. Java Virtual Machine. In this paper, we explain how to support general type parameterization---including both non-variant and covariant subtyping---on top of the existing Java Virtual Machine at the cost of a larger code footprint and the forwarding of some method calls involving parameterized classes and methods. Our language extension is forward and backward compatible with the Java 1.2 language and run-time environment: programs in the extended language will run on existing Java 1.2 virtual machines (relying only on the unparameterized Java core libraries) and all existing Java 1.2 programs have the same binary representation and semantics (behavior) in the extended language.
Identification of Gene Signatures and Molecular Markers for Human Lung Cancer Prognosis using an <i>In vitro</i> Lung Carcinogenesis System (2009)

Lung cancer continues to be a major deadly malignancy. The mortality of this disease could be reduced by improving the ability to predict cancer patients' survival. We hypothesized that genes differentially expressed among cells constituting an in vitro human lung carcinogenesis model consisting of normal, immortalized, transformed, and tumorigenic bronchial epithelial cells are relevant to the clinical outcome of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Multidimensional scaling, microarray, and functional pathways analyses of the transcriptomes of the above cells were done and combined with integrative genomics to incorporate the microarray data with published NSCLC data sets. Up-regulated (n = 301) and down-regulated genes (n = 358) displayed expression level variation across the in vitro model with progressive changes in cancer-related molecular functions. A subset of these genes (n = 584) separated lung adenocarcinoma clinical samples (n = 361) into two clusters with significant survival differences. Six genes, UBE2C, TPX2, MCM2, MCM6, FEN1, and SFN, selected by functional array analysis, were also effective in prognosis. The mRNA and protein levels of one these genes-UBE2C-were significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissue relative to normal lung and increased progressively in lung lesions. Moreover, stage I NSCLC patients with positive UBE2C expression exhibited significantly poorer overall and progression-free survival than patients with negative expression. Our studies with this in vitro model have lead to the identification of a robust six-gene signature, which may be valuable for predicting the survival of lung adenocarcinoma patients. Moreover, one of those genes, UBE2C, seems to be a powerful biomarker for NSCLC survival prediction.
Noninvasive vascular ultrasound An asset in vascular medicine (2000)

### 1.1 Introduction

There are always moments in life, inviting to look back on the past. Entering the next millennium is certainly such an occasion, because it happens generally only once in a life-time. Therefore, we very much liked the idea of the Editors to publish a special issue of Cardiovascular Research on the occasion of this event and to explore the impact of the articles in the journal most frequently cited over the years on further developments in the field. We gladly accepted their invitation to evaluate in this respect the article by Levenson et al. published in Cardiovascular Research in 1981 [1].

### 1.2 Content of the article

In this article the authors described an ultrasound system to assess diameter, blood flow velocity and volume flow in the brachial artery in man. The apparatus consisted of an adjustable range-gated pulsed Doppler system, emitter frequency 8 MHz, combined with a double transducer system to accurately determine the angle between ultrasound beam and vessel axis. The latter is a prerequisite for accurate determination of both the velocity in and the diameter of the artery and, hence, for proper calculation of volume flow. The length of the sample volume could be adjusted by varying the length of the reception duration. A small sample volume was used to measure velocity locally in the artery and to determine the diameter of the vessel accurately and a large one to estimate the average velocity over the cross-sectional area of the vessel. A static high-pass filter with a lower cut-off frequency of 250 Hz was used to reduce interference of high amplitude low frequency signals reflected by the arterial walls. The validity of the system was tested in an in vitro set-up and the results showed that the diameter as assessed with the system compared favorably with the diameter of the tubing in …
The Treatment Of Potential Witches In North-East England, C. 1649–1680 (2009)

Founded in 1683 in Leiden, the Netherlands, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the Humanities, Social Sciences, International Law, and Biology. With offices in the Netherlands, Germany, Austria, the USA and Asia, Brill today publishes more than 360 journals and 2,000 new books and reference works each year as well as a large number of databases and primary source research collections.
Highly Efficient and Thermally Stable K<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> as a Red Phosphor for Ultra-High-Performance Warm White Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

Following pioneering work, solution-processable Mn<sup>4+</sup>-activated fluoride pigments, such as A<sub>2</sub>BF<sub>6</sub> (A = Na, K, Rb, Cs; A<sub>2</sub> = Ba, Zn; B = Si, Ge, Ti, Zr, Sn), have attracted considerable attention as highly promising red phosphors for warm white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs). To date, these fluoride pigments have been synthesized via traditional chemical routes with HF solution. However, in addition to the possible dangers of hypertoxic HF, the uncontrolled precipitation of fluorides and the extensive processing steps produce large morphological variations, resulting in a wide variation in the LED performance of the resulting devices, which hampers their prospects for practical applications. Here, we demonstrate a prototype W-LED with K<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> as the red light component via an efficient and water-processable cation-exchange green route. The prototype already shows an efficient luminous efficacy (LE) beyond 190 lm/W, along with an excellent color rendering index (Ra = 84) and a lower correlated color temperature (CCT = 3665 K). We find that the Mn<sup>4+</sup> ions at the distorted octahedral sites in K<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> can produce a high photoluminescence thermal and color stability, and higher quantum efficiency (QE) (internal QE (IQE) of 88% and external QE (EQE) of 50.6%.) that are in turn responsible for the realization of a high LE by the warm W-LEDs. Our findings indicate that the water-processed K<sub>3</sub>AlF<sub>6</sub> may be a highly suitable candidate for fabricating high-performance warm W-LEDs.
A 65-ns 4-Mbit CMOS DRAM with a twisted driveline sense amplifier (1987)

A 4-Mb word/spl times/1-b/1-Mb word/spl times/4-b CMOS DRAM characterized by a twisted driveline sense-amplifier (TDSA) scheme and a multiphase drive circuit which enable faster access time and a smaller peak power supply current, respectively, is described. The implementation of an initialize mode with CAS-before-RAS (CBR) logic control, which reduces the memory-chip initialization time by almost a thousand times, is also discussed. The chip measures 6.38/spl times/17.38 mm/SUP 2/ and has been fabricated by using double-well CMOS technology with a minimum design rule of 0.8 /spl mu/m. A typical access time of 65 ns and a peak power supply current of less then 150 mA have been obtained.
Photoacoustic Tomography of Human Hepatic Malignancies Using Intraoperative Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Imaging (2014)

Recently, fluorescence imaging following the preoperative intravenous injection of indocyanine green has been used in clinical settings to identify hepatic malignancies during surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of photoacoustic tomography using indocyanine green as a contrast agent to produce representative fluorescence images of hepatic tumors by visualizing the spatial distribution of indocyanine green on ultrasonographic images. Indocyanine green (0.5 mg/kg, intravenous) was preoperatively administered to 9 patients undergoing hepatectomy. Intraoperatively, photoacoustic tomography was performed on the surface of the resected hepatic specimens (n = 10) under excitation with an 800 nm pulse laser. In 4 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules, photoacoustic imaging identified indocyanine green accumulation in the cancerous tissue. In contrast, in one hepatocellular carcinoma nodule and five adenocarcinoma foci (one intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 4 colorectal liver metastases), photoacoustic imaging delineated indocyanine green accumulation not in the cancerous tissue but rather in the peri-cancerous hepatic parenchyma. Although photoacoustic tomography enabled to visualize spatial distribution of ICG on ultrasonographic images, which was consistent with fluorescence images on cut surfaces of the resected specimens, photoacoustic signals of ICG-containing tissues decreased approximately by 40% even at 4 mm depth from liver surfaces. Photoacoustic tomography using indocyanine green also failed to identify any hepatocellular carcinoma nodules from the body surface of model mice with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In conclusion, photoacoustic tomography has a potential to enhance cancer detectability and differential diagnosis by ultrasonographic examinations and intraoperative fluorescence imaging through visualization of stasis of bile-excreting imaging agents in and/or around hepatic tumors. However, further technical advances are needed to improve the visibility of photoacoustic signals emitted from deeply-located lesions.
Abnormal degradation of red cell membrane proteins in diabetes. (1993)

The degradation of main membrane proteins, spectrin and band 3 protein, was studied in erythrocyte membranes of elderly diabetic patients and of healthy donors of various ages. In general, the rates of proteolysis were higher in diabetics. The degradation intensity depended on the sex of the diabetic patients and on the age of healthy donors.
Grain size reduction by utilizing a very thin CrW seedlayer and dry-etching process in CoCrTaNiPt longitudinal media (2000)

To decrease grain size and grain size distribution in CoCr15Ta3.5Ni10Pt5/Cr longitudinal thin film media, a very thin CrW54 seedlayer combined with a dry-etching process were utilized. In the media dry etched after CrW54 deposition, utilization of 1.5 nm CrW54 reduces the grain diameter and σ to 9.4 and 2.2 nm, respectively. By optimizing CrW54 seedlayer thickness and dry-etching process, grain diameter and σ of the magnetic layer can be reduced while maintaining coercivity, longitudinal orientation of magnetic grains, and magnetic interactions.
Production of lipids and docosahexasaenoic acid (<scp>DHA</scp>) by a native <i>Thraustochytrium</i> strain (2013)

Abstract Production of docosahexasaenoic acid (DHA) by a native Labyrinthulomycetes strain, Thraustochytriidae sp. TN5, whose growth characteristics present some differences to related strains, was scaled from shaken flask to a laboratory fermentor. The effect of the growth medium composition and growth conditions for (i) biomass production, (ii) lipid content of the biomass, and (iii) DHA content in the lipids was determined. Taguchi's design of experiments was used to study the influence of two discrete – carbon and nitrogen sources – and six continuous – concentrations of the carbon and nitrogen sources, yeast extract and artificial seawater, incubation temperature, and time‐ factors on the three mentioned variables. In the flask experiments the lipidic content in the biomass (25.2% w/w) and DHA concentration (0.48 g/L) were the highest at the following conditions: maltose 20 g/L, sodium glutamate 2.4 g/L, yeast extract 6 g/L, 72 h, 25°C, and artificial seawater 30% v/v; under these conditions biomass concentration was 5.1 g/L. Fed‐batch allowed to increase biomass concentration to 14 g/L. The lipidic fraction of Thraustochytriidae sp. TN5 biomass in the repeated batches was found between 16.2 and 34.8% w/w. Under this growth condition lipids and DHA productivities were 50 and 23 mg/(L h), respectively. Practical applications: Consumption of long chain‐polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA) belonging to the omega‐3 family such as DHA has several positive effects on human and animal health. However, natural sources are restricted to cold‐water fish and their oils. Marine protists are also good candidates for the production of microbial DHA. For evaluating the potential of new strains the effect of the growth medium composition, growth conditions, and cultivation mode on DHA productivity has to be determined. In this work the production of DHA by a native Labyrinthulomycetes strain was scaled from shaken flask to a laboratory fermentor with the aid of Taguchi's methodology, process in which biomass concentration, lipid content in the biomass, and DHA content in the lipids were increased.
Design of Detecting Botnet Communication by Monitoring Direct Outbound DNS Queries (2015)

Domain Name System is the most widely used protocol for domain name resolution in the Internet. Domain name resolution is necessary for most of Internet services and it is usually provided by DNS full resolvers. Unfortunately, many reports indicated that DNS protocol was also used in botnet communication recently. Botnet communications between bot-infected computers and Command and Control (C&C) servers are indispensable in botnet attacks and the involved DNS traffic may not use DNS full resolvers. More importantly, due to the popularity of DNS protocol it is difficult to simply block the DNS traffic from internal computers. Several related works have been launched but they only focus on DNS full resolvers. In this paper, we focus on monitoring direct outbound DNS queries and propose a new botnet communication detection method by collecting authoritative NS (Name Server) record and its IP address. We monitored all DNS traffic for about three months in our university and checked the destination IP addresses of direct outbound DNS queries in a third party security site to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results confirmed that about 19% IP addresses in average have hits per day which indicates that our proposed method is effective and the hit rate is acceptable for detailed investigation in real operation.
Dispersion compensation in moving-optical-wedge Fourier transform spectrometer (2009)

In this paper we study the effect of material dispersion on the performance of a moving-optical-wedge Fourier transform spectrometer. The spectrum is thus evaluated numerically using a test spectrum source. The obtained numerical results show that the classical technique for numerical dispersion compensation, usually used with a Michelson interferometer, cannot be efficiently used with wedge interferometers as it is limited to the cases of weak dispersion. The error in this technique is thus evaluated in different cases and a new numerical technique is proposed to overcome this error. We also notice shrinkage in the interferogram spread in the spatial domain in contradiction with the normal dispersion effect in a Michelson interferometer.
A Mean Field Theory of Layer IV of Visual Cortex and Its Application to Artificial Neural Networks (1987)

A single cell theory for the development of selectivity and ocular dominance in visual cortex has been presented previously by Bienenstock, Cooper and Munro. This has been extended to a network applicable to layer IV of visual cortex. In this paper we present a mean field approximation that captures in a fairly transparent manner the qualitative, and many of the quantitative, results of the network theory. Finally, we consider the application of this theory to artificial neural networks and show that a significant reduction in architectural complexity is possible.
Chemical monitoring of neurosurgical intensive care patients using intracerebral microdialysis (1992)

The authors have used intracerebral microdialysis to develop a method for routine monitoring of disturbances in brain energy metabolism in patients in the neurosurgical intensive care unit. Microdialysis was conducted for periods ranging from 2.3 to 8.3 days in four patients (three with severe head injuries and one with severe subarachnoid hemorrhage). Altogether, 4447 chemical analyses from 587 dialysis samples were carried out. Concentrations of the energy-related metabolites lactate, pyruvate, and hypoxanthine were measured, and the lactate:pyruvate ratio was calculated. In addition, the acids glutamate, aspartate, taurine, glutamine, asparagine, and glycine were measured in one patient. The microdialysis data were matched with various clinical events, including intracranial hypertension and therapeutic interventions such as initiation or withdrawal of barbiturates and cerebrospinal fluid drainage. The present study shows that microdialysis can be used for long-term measurement of extracellular fluid (ECF) energy-related metabolites and amino acids in the frontal cortex of neurosurgical patients in a clinical setting. Fluctuations of the measured ECF energy-related substances corresponded to various clinical events presumably involving hypoxia/ischemia. The authors found a 25-fold increase in ECF glutamate, aspartate, and taurine under conditions of energy perturbation, as indicated by high levels of the lactate:pyruvate ratio, lactate, and hypoxanthine. The use of long-term intracerebral microdialysis in patients opens a new field of clinical research, with many possibilities for improving insight into intracranial dynamics in acute cerebral conditions.