gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The search for new antimalarial drugs from plants used to treat fever and malaria or plants ramdomly selected: a review (2001)

In this review we discuss the ongoing situation of human malaria in the Brazilian Amazon, where it is endemic causing over 610,000 new acute cases yearly, a number which is on the increase. This is partly a result of drug resistant parasites and new antimalarial drugs are urgently needed. The approaches we have used in the search of new drugs during decades are now reviewed and include ethnopharmocology, plants randomly selected, extracts or isolated substances from plants shown to be active against the blood stage parasites in our previous studies. Emphasis is given on the medicinal plant Bidens pilosa, proven to be active against the parasite blood stages in tests using freshly prepared plant extracts. The anti-sporozoite activity of one plant used in the Brazilian endemic area to prevent malaria is also described, the so called "Indian beer" (Ampelozizyphus amazonicus, Rhamnaceae). Freshly prepared extracts from the roots of this plant were totally inactive against blood stage parasites, but active against sporozoites of Plasmodium gallinaceum or the primary exoerythrocytic stages reducing tissue parasitism in inoculated chickens. This result will be of practical importance if confirmed in mammalian malaria. Problems and perspectives in the search for antimalarial drugs are discussed as well as the toxicological and clinical trials to validate some of the active plants for public health use in Brazil.
Neuropathic pain from an experimental neuritis of the rat sciatic nerve (1999)

Painful peripheral neuropathies involve both axonal damage and an inflammation of the nerve. The role of the latter by itself was investigated by producing an experimental neuritis in the rat. The sciatic nerves were exposed at mid-thigh level and wrapped loosely in hemostatic oxidized cellulose (Oxycel) that on one side was saturated with an inflammatory stimulus, carrageenan (CARRA) or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), and on the other side saturated with saline. In other rats, a myositis was created by implanting Oxycel saturated with CFA into a pocket made in the biceps femoris at a position adjacent to where the nerve was treated. Pain-evoked responses from the plantar hind paws were tested before treatment and daily thereafter. Statistically significant heat- and mechano-hyperalgesia, and mechano- and cold-allodynia were present on the side of the inflamed nerve (CARRA or CFA) for 1-5 days after which responses returned to normal. There were no abnormal pain responses on the side of the saline-treated nerve, and none in the rats with the experimental myositis. The abnormal pain responses were inhibited by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade with MK-801, but were relatively resistant to the dose of morphine tested (10 mg/kg). Light microscopic examination of CARRA-treated nerves, harvested at the time of peak symptom severity, revealed that the treated region was mildly edematous and that there was an obvious endoneurial infiltration of immune cells (granulocytes and lymphocytes). There was either a complete absence of degeneration, or the degeneration of no more than a few tens of axons. Immunocytochemical staining for CD4 and CD8 T-lymphocyte markers revealed that both cell types were present in the epineurial and endoneurial compartments. The endoneurial T-cells appeared to derive from the endoneurial vasculature, rather than from migration across the nerve sheath. We conclude that a focal inflammation of the sciatic nerve produces neuropathic pain sensations in a distant region (the ipsilateral hind paw) and that this is not due to axonal damage. The neuropathic pain is specific to inflammation of the nerve because it was absent in animals with the experimental myositis and in those receiving sham-treatment. These results suggest that an acute episode of neuritis-evoked neuropathic pain may contribute to the genesis of chronically painful peripheral neuropathies, and that a chronic (or chronically recurrent) focal neuritis might produce neuropathic pain in the absence of significant (or clinically detectable) structural damage to the nerve. The model that we describe is likely to be useful in the study of the neuroimmune factors that contribute to painful peripheral neuropathies.
Catalytic Oxidation of Naphthalene on Palladium in Cooperation with Copper(I)/(II) Redox Couple (1991)

Abstract Catalytic oxidation of naphthalene in moist acetic acid solutions has been studied. The catalyst used was a silica-supported palladium which works in cooperation with the Cu+/Cu2+ redox couple. Products were 1-naphthol, 1,4-naphthoquinone and (E)-2-formylcinnamaldehyde with a total yield of more than 78% in which naphthoquinone shared 40%. Reaction mechanism has been discussed in comparison with that of benzene.
The Technological Progress of Cleaned Technology of Rubber Agent and its Intermediates (2006)

China is a big country of the production and consumption of rubber agent and its intermediates. But backward technology and stringent environmental regulation will give strong impact on the development of rubber agent in China. Speeding up the development of Cleaned -technologies is the major measure to be adopted for the domestic rubber agent in the 21 century.
Biological factors contributing to failures of osseointegrated oral implants, (I). Success criteria and epidemiology (1998)

The aim of this review was to offer a critical evaluation of the literature and to provide the clinician with scientifically-based diagnostic criteria for monitoring the implant condition. The review presents the current opinions on definitions of osseointegration and implant failure. Further, distinctions between failed and failing implants are discussed together with the presently used parameters to assess the implant status. Radiographic examinations together with implant mobility tests seem to be the most reliable parameters in the assessment of the prognosis for osseointegrated implants. On the basis of 73 published articles, the rates of early and late failures of Brånemark implants, used in various anatomical locations and clinical situations, were analyzed using a metanalytic approach. Biologically related implant failures calculated on a sample of 2,812 implants were relatively rare: 7.7% over a 5-year period (bone graft excluded). The predictability of implant treatment was remarkable, particularly for partially edentulous patients, who showed failure rates about half those of totally edentulous subjects. Our analysis also confirmed (for both early and late failures) the general trend of maxillas, having almost 3 times more implant losses than mandibles, with the exception of the partially edentulous situation which displayed similar failure rates both in upper and lower jaws. Surgical trauma together with anatomical conditions are believed to be the most important etiological factors for early implant losses (3.60% of 16,935 implants). The low prevalence of failures attributable to peri-implantitis found in the literature together with the fact that, in general, partially edentulous patients have less resorbed jaws, speak in favour of jaw volume, bone quality, and overload as the three major determinants for late implant failures in the Brånemark system. Conversely, the ITI system seemed to be characterized by a higher prevalence of losses due to peri-implantitis. These differences may be attributed to the different implant designs and surface characteristics. On the basis of the published literature, there appears to be a number of scientific issues which are yet not fully understood. Therefore, it is concluded that further clinical follow-up and retrieval studies are required in order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms for failure of osseointegrated implants.
Bounds on new physics from<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>→</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>V</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>decays (2004)

We consider the possibility that physics beyond the standard model contributes to the decays $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{V}_{1}{V}_{2},$ where ${V}_{1}$ and ${V}_{2}$ are vector mesons. We show that a time-dependent angular analysis of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{V}_{1}{V}_{2}$ decays provides many tests for this new physics (NP). Furthermore, although one cannot solve for the NP parameters, we show that this angular analysis allows one to put bounds on these parameters. This can be useful in estimating the scale of NP, and can tell us whether any NP found directly at future high-energy colliders can be responsible for effects seen in $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{B}{V}_{1}{V}_{2}$ decays.
Reinventing performance management (2015)

Like many other companies, Deloitte realized that its system for evaluating the work of employees—and then training them, promoting them, and paying them accordingly—was increasingly out of step with its objectives. It searched for something nimbler, real-time, and more individualized—something squarely focused on fueling performance in the future rather than assessing it in the past. The new system will have no cascading objectives, no once-a-year reviews, and no 360-degree-feedback tools. Its hallmarks are speed, agility, one-size-fits-one, and constant learning, all underpinned by a new way of collecting reliable performance data. To arrive at this design, Deloitte drew on three pieces of evidence: a simple counting of hours, a review of research in the science of ratings, and a carefully controlled study of its own organization. It discovered that the organization was spending close to 2 million hours a year on performance management, and that “idiosyncratic rater effects” led to ratings that revealed more about team leaders than about the people they were rating. From an empirical study of its own high-performing teams, the company learned that three items correlated best with high performance for a team: “My coworkers are committed to doing quality work,” “The mission of our company inspires me,” and “I have the chance to use my strengths every day.” Of these, the third was the most powerful across the organization. With all this evidence in hand, the company set about designing a radical new performance management system, which the authors describe in this article. INSETS: Idea in Brief.;How Deloitte Built a Radically Simple Performance Measure
Corneal surface ablation by 193 nm excimer laser and wound healing in rabbits. (1989)

The 193 nm argon fluoride excimer laser was used to ablate a 6 mm diameter area of the central rabbit cornea under various conditions of power, beam configuration and exposure time. High repetition rates or prolonged exposures produced charring and prevented rapid epithelial wound closure. Endothelial vacuolization, reduction in density, and displacement of cell material into Descemet's layer resulted in these experiments. A beam of low and uniform power intensity (40 pulses per second, 100 seconds at 23 mJ/cm2) reduced stromal damage, cellular infiltration, and epithelial irregularities including punctate staining and cell exfoliation. Epithelial rehealing occurred within two days. Basal lamina and hemidesmosomes were reformed by one week. Endothelial damage was not detected. Excimer laser ablation may allow removal of superficial dystrophies or scars, followed by rapid healing from normal corneal reparative processes.
Exchange splitting and bias-dependent transport in EuO spin filter tunnel barriers (2009)

We report on transport measurements in EuO-based tunnel junctions, studying the characteristic features of spin filter tunneling in magnetic insulators. Current-voltage (I-V) curves show a unique voltage dependence that reveals the interplay between direct and spin-selective Fowler-Nordheim (FN) tunneling. Successive onsets of FN tunneling give direct evidence for a spin filtering effect, without relying on the use of external magnetic fields for spin detection. The variation of the effective tunnel barrier height below the Curie temperature was extracted from temperature-dependent I-V characteristics, and systematically correlates with the spontaneous magnetization of EuO. The magnitude of the exchange splitting was deduced and allows the evaluation of spin filter efficiency of EuO spin filter tunnel barriers by fully electrical means.
Darstellung und Struktur von Cs<sub>4</sub>Ge<sub>4</sub>S<sub>10</sub> · 3H<sub>2</sub>O (1976)

Abstract Die Reaktion zwischen Alkalisulfiden und überschüssigem GeS 2 in wäßriger Lösung führt zu tetrameren Thiogermanaten. Die Verbindung Cs 4 Ge 4 S 10 · 3 H 2 O 1 wurde dargestellt und durch eine vollständige Röntgenstrukturanalyse sowie Raman‐ und IR‐Spektren charakterisiert. Danach bildet 1 sowohl im Festkörper als auch in wäßriger Lösung isolierte adamantanartige Ge 4 S 10 4− ‐Anionen. 1 kristallisiert monoklin (Cc) mit a = 12,558 Å, b = 12,322 Å, c = 16,698 Å, β = 92,20°, V = 2582 Å 3 und Z = 4. Die im Mittel mit 2,108 Å beobachteten endständigen GeS‐Bindungen im Ge 4 S 10 4− ‐Ion sind gegenüber den Brückenbindungen (Mittelwert 2,236 Å) wesentlich verkürzt und weisen auf deutliche π‐Bindungsanteile hin.
A Relaying Incentive Scheme in Multihop Cellular Networks Based on Coalitional Game with Externalities (2008)

Cooperative multihop communication can greatly increase network throughput, yet packet forwarding for other nodes involves opportunity and energy cost for relays. Thus one of the pre-requisite problems in the successful implementation of multihop transmission is how to foster cooperation among selfish nodes. Existing researches mainly adopt monetary stimulating. In this manuscript, we propose instead a simple and self-enforcing forwarding incentive scheme free of indirect monetary remunerating for asymmetric (uplink multihop, downlink single-hop) cellar network based on coalitional game theory, which comprises double compensation, namely, Inter- BEA, global stimulating policy allotting resources among relaying coalitions according to group size, and Intra-BEA, local compensating and allocating rule within coalitions. Firstly, given the global allotting policy, we introduce a fair allocation estimating approach which includes remunerating for relaying cost using Myerson value for partition function game, to enlighten the design of local allocating rules. Secondly, given the inter- and intra-BEA relay fostering approach, we check stability of coalition structures in terms of internal and external stability as well as inductive core. Theoretic analysis and numerical simulation show that our measure can provide communication opportunities for outer ring nodes and enlarge system coverage, while at the same time provide enough motivation with respect to resource allocation and energy saving for nodes in inner and middle ring to relay for own profits.
The tissue form of type VII collagen is an antiparallel dimer. (1986)

We recently reported the partial characterization of a new human collagen termed Type VII. This molecule is distinctive among the collagen family in that it contains three identical subunit alpha chains within a triple helical domain 424 nm in length. The molecule contains three identical alpha chains which are genetically distinct from other known collagens. Previous studies indicate that a portion of the limited pepsin-solubilized molecules appears to exist as antiparallel dimers associated by disulfide bonds. In this report, we demonstrate that the major tissue form of Type VII collagen is a dimer, associated by disulfide bonds through a 60-nm overlap of the aminoterminal triple helical ends. Intermolecular disulfide bonds occur only within this overlap region. Interchain disulfide bonds exist in the carboxyl terminal 7% of the molecule and may exist within the overlap region as well. Disulfide bond-stabilized aggregates larger than dimers are not seen.
The detection by immunofluorescence of casein in rat mammary glands. (1970)

Rabbits were immunised against casein and whey proteins from rat milk. The immune globulins were conjugated to fluorescein isothiocyanate and the labelled antibodies were used to stain histological sections. Casein was located in unfixed and fixed cryostat sections of lactating rat mammary glands but better preparations were obtained using fixed paraffin embedded material. Casein was consistently present in sections of lactating mammary glands and was found on the gastric mucosa of suckling baby rats; it was not, however, found in any other organ in the body. The localisation of whey proteins was unsatisfactory in cryostat sections and the antigenicity of these proteins was completely destroyed by histological fixation and paraffin embedding.
C60 Fullerene as Synergistic Agent in Tumor-Inhibitory Doxorubicin Treatment (2014)

Combined treatment with C60 + Dox is considered to be a promising approach for cancer chemotherapy.
Differential Transcriptional Activation in Vitro by NF-κB/Rel Proteins (1995)

Distinct NF-kappa B subunit combinations contribute to the specificity of NF-kappa B-mediated transcriptional activation and to the induction of multiple cytokine genes including interferon-beta (IFN-beta). To evaluate the regulatory influence of different homo- and heterodimers, NF-kappa B subunits were analyzed for transcriptional activity in vitro using test templates containing two types of NF-kappa B recognition elements (the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and the IFN-beta-positive regulatory domain-II (PRDII) as well as IFN-beta PRDIII-PRDI-PRDII linked to the -56 minimal promoter of rabbit beta-globin. Recombinant NF-kappa B subunits (p50, p65, c-Rel, p52, and I kappa B alpha) and interferon regulatory factor 1 were produced from either Escherichia coli or baculovirus expression systems. Transcriptional analysis in vitro demonstrated that 1) various dimeric complexes of NF-kappa B differentially stimulated transcription through the human immunodeficiency virus enhancer or PRDII up to 20-fold; 2) recombinant I kappa B alpha specifically inhibited NF-kappa B-dependent transcription in vitro; and 3) different NF-kappa B complexes and interferon regulatory factor 1 cooperated to stimulate transcription in vitro through the PRDIII-PRDI-PRDII virus-inducible regulatory domains of the IFN-beta promoter. These results demonstrate the role of NF-kappa B protein dimerization in differential transcriptional activation in vitro and emphasize the role of cooperativity between transcription factor families as an additional regulatory level to maintain transcriptional specificity.
Software Techniques for Detecting Single-Event Upsets in Satellite Computers (1985)

This paper describes a technique for incorporating a self-testing capability into the software of a microprocessor-based control system. The technique is aimed towards power limited as well as size and weight constrained systems such as those found in satellites. The single-event upsets injected into the simulated system are modeled after those which would be produced by a cosmic ray intrusion. Although the implementation primarily uses a software system modification to attain self-testing, the technique also requires an additional hardware watchdog timer to ensure reliable functioning of the control system. The modifications do not incur extensive time or memory overheads. The technique has been verified, for two microprocessors with diverse architectures, using computer simulations.
Efficiency of Ber-EP4 Antibody for Isolating Circulating Epithelial Tumor Cells Before RT-PCR Detection (1999)

We compared the efficacy of 4 methods for isolating circulating tumor cells: immunocapture with Ber-EP4-coated magnetic beads, density gradient separation, ammonium chloride, and distilled water-mediated erythrocyte lysis. Human blood from healthy volunteers was mixed with serial dilutions of prostate (LNCaP) and liver (HepG2) derived tumor cells. Isolation of circulating tumor cells was followed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for prostate-specific antigen and alpha-fetoprotein. Ber-EP4 antigen expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in 27 hepatocellular carcinomas and 34 prostate adenocarcinomas. Peripheral blood samples from 12 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and 10 with prostate adenocarcinoma also were tested. Density gradient separation and Ber-EP4 immunocapture were the most sensitive techniques for isolating circulating tumor cells in in vitro tests. Isolation by density gradient separation was significantly more sensitive than Ber-EP4 immunocapture when applied to peripheral blood samples of patients with cancer, a result consistent with the variable expression of Ber-EP4 antigen that we found by immunohistochemistry in prostate adenocarcinomas and hepatocellular carcinomas.
Fast convergent and secure key distribution protocols using a dual-quantum channel (2008)

This dissertation presents three new quantum key distribution protocols over a dual quantum-channel to enhance the convergence speed of the key distribution process. The proposed protocols effectively use a dual-quantum channel between the communicating entities and, when combined with the proposed selection of the basis, improve the efficiency of the key distribution process as well as deter Eve. With the use of an initialization vector, one of the proposed protocols does not necessitate information exchange about the bases between Alice and Bob, and further eliminates the requirement of the availability of a two-way conventional channel. Simultaneously, it allows the detection of the presence of Eve in real time and proposes several effective defense mechanisms to frustrate Eve's attack.
High Average Power Transmission Through Hollow-core Fibers (2018)

We present our latest test of hollow-core fibers for applications in high-power beam delivery. A negative-curvature hollow-core fiber has been tested with a single mode fiber laser, with up to 1.2 kW average power transmission.
Bone deficit in ovariectomized rats. Functional contribution of the marrow stromal cell population and the effect of oral dihydrotachysterol treatment. (1986)

This study investigates the proliferative and osteogenic role of marrow stromal/osteoprogenitor cells in the development of the cortical bone deficit in ovariectomized (OVX) female rats. In vitro, clonal growth of marrow stromal cells from OVX rats was significantly impaired (vs. sham-operated controls). Yet in vivo, cells from sham-operated and OVX rats had equal osteogenic potential in several in vivo experimental situations, such as in intraperitoneally implanted millipore diffusion chambers and in intramuscular implants of marrow plus osteoinductive bone matrix (composite grafts). Long-term (6 mo) dihydrotachysterol (DHT) treatment of OVX rats enhanced their in vitro proliferative potential and clonal growth, as well as their osteogenic expression in composite grafts. The observation that the in vivo osteogenic performance of OVX rat marrow stromal cells was normal at extraosseous sites suggests that the mechanisms leading to osteopenia may involve an abnormality in cell-matrix interactions.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against legumin from pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) (1989)

Monoclonal antibodies have been raised against intact and degraded legumin, the 11S storage protein from pea. The antibodies were characterized by direct and competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), and by immunoblotting procedures. Two of the antibodies appeared to recognize epitopes present on the surface of legumin and were specific for pea protein in the competitive ELISA. Two other antibodies appeared to recognize epitopes on the basic polypeptides, normally buried. One of these antibodies showed evidence of cultivar specificity. The use of this panel of antibodies as structural and functional probes for legume storage proteins is discussed.