gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data based regularization in travel‐time tomography (1996)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996Data based regularization in travel‐time tomographyAuthors: Konstantin S. OsypovJohn A. ScalesKonstantin S. OsypovCenter for Wave Phenomena, Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden CO 80401 and John A. ScalesCenter for Wave Phenomena, Department of Geophysics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden CO 80401https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826560 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826560FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byModel-uncertainty quantification in seismic tomography: method and applications19 August 2013 | Geophysical Prospecting, Vol. 61, No. 6Nonlinear shaping regularization in geophysical inverse problemsSergey Fomel15 December 2008Uncertainty and resolution analysis for anisotropic tomography using iterative eigendecompositionK. Osypov, D. Nichols, M. Woodward, O. Zdraveva, and C. E. Yarman15 December 2008 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Konstantin S. Osypov and John A. Scales, (1996), "Data based regularization in travel‐time tomography," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 2003-2006. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826560 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Selecting a DNA-Encoded Chemical Library against Non-immobilized Proteins Using a “Ligate–Cross-Link–Purify” Strategy (2017)

DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) have recently emerged and become an important technology platform in biomedical research and drug discovery. DELs containing large numbers of compounds can be prepared and selected against biological targets to discover novel ligands and inhibitors. In practice, DELs are usually selected against purified and immobilized proteins using the typical "bind-wash-elute" protocol; however, selection methods compatible with non-immobilized proteins would be able to greatly expand the target scope of DELs beyond purified proteins to more-complex and biologically relevant targets. Using a novel "ligate-cross-link-purify" strategy, we report here a method capable of selecting DELs against unmodified and non-immobilized protein targets. In addition, this method has shown excellent capability in identifying binders with moderate and weak affinities.
On aligning trees (1997)

The increasing availability of corpora annotated for linguistic structure prompts the question: if we have the same texts, annotated for phrase structure under two different schemes, to what extent do the annotations agree on structuring within the text? We suggest the term tree alignment to indicate the situation where two markup schemes choose to bracket off the same text elements. We propose a general method for determining agreement between two analyses. We then describe an efficient implementation, which is also modular in that the core of the implementation can be reused regardless of the format of markup used in the corpora. The output of the implementation on the Susanne and Penn treebank corpora is discussed.
The Institutional Present (2009)

In Chapter 2 we attempted to delineate the target for our critical interrogation and map the current intellectual terrain of ICCM. We identified a dominant discourse in ICCM in which particular modes of knowledge and the epistemologies and ontologies upon which they depend are valorized: a functionalist paradigm, positivist methods and Western interests. As with all discourses, there is an inclusionary/exclusionary power effect mirrored in the commitments and omissions we have explicated. The maintenance and sustenance of such a dominant discourse and intellectual orthodoxy is dependent, naturally, on a particular institutional frame. ICCM, as a discourse and as a domain of disciplinary and professional practice, has an elaborate institutional frame associated with it. This frame serves to manage and control the processes of knowledge production, dissemination and consumption for the field. It also constitutes mechanisms and practices that regulate the points and modes of entry, the nature and extent of participation, and the processes of evaluation, assessment, development and progression of persons, groups, other institutions and knowledges in the field. It is the nature and dynamics of that institutional frame, as it is presently constituted and enacted, that we examine in this chapter.
Heterojunction Laser Diodes for Room Temperature Operation (1974)

A general review is presented of heterojunction laser diodes suitable for efficient room temperature operation. A variety of structures are described which allow either pulsed or CW operation under operating conditions useful in optical communication systems, particularly those using glass fibers.
Electrical characteristics of a DSA MOS transistor with a fine structure (1979)

Fabrication technologies and electrical characteristics of a diffusion self-aligned MOS transistor (DSA MOST) or a double-diffused MOS transistor (DMOST) are discussed in comparison with a conventional short-channel MOS transistor as a fundamental device for a VLSI. The symmetrical DSA MOS LSI with enhancement depletion configurations requires six photolithographic steps and the number of the steps is the same as that of an NMOS LSI with small physical dimensions. The only difference is the step orders of the enhancement channel doping in these devices. The lowering effects of the threshold voltage and the source drain breakdown voltage are smaller in the DSA MOST than in the conventional MOS transistor. The drain current I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</inf> of the symmetrical DSA MOS transistor is, respectively, 1.13 (in the nonsaturation region) and 1.33 (in the saturation region) times larger than that of the conventional short-channel NMOS transistor at the effective gate voltage of 3.0 V. The improvement of the short-channel effect, the current voltage characteristics, and the power-delay product are obtained by the scaling of the DSA MOS transistor.
Synaptic Targeting of N-Type Calcium Channels in Hippocampal Neurons (2002)

N-type calcium (Ca2+) channels play a critical role in synaptic function, but the mechanisms responsible for their targeting in neurons are poorly understood. N-type channels are formed by an alpha(1B) (Ca(V)2.2) pore-forming subunit associated with beta and alpha2delta auxiliary subunits. By expressing epitope-tagged recombinant alpha1B subunits in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures, we demonstrate here that synaptic targeting of N-type channels depends on neuronal contacts and synapse formation. We also establish that the C-terminal 163 aa (2177-2339) of the alpha1B-1 (Ca(V)2.2a) splice variant contain sequences that are both necessary and sufficient for synaptic targeting. By site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that postsynaptic density-95/discs large/zona occludens-1 and Src homology 3 domain-binding motifs located within this region of the alpha1B subunit (Maximov et al., 1999) act as synergistic synaptic targeting signals. We also show that the recombinant modular adaptor proteins Mint1 and CASK colocalize with N-type channels in synapses. We found that the alpha1B-2 (Ca(V)2.2b) splice variant is restricted to soma and dendrites and postulated that somatodendritic and axonal/presynaptic isoforms of N-type channels are generated via alternative splicing of alpha1B C termini. These data lead us to propose that during synaptogenesis, the alpha1B-1 (Ca(V)2.2a) splice variant of the N-type Ca2+ channel pore-forming subunit is recruited to presynaptic locations by means of interactions with modular adaptor proteins Mint1 and CASK. Our results provide a novel insight into the molecular mechanisms responsible for targeting of Ca2+ channels and other synaptic proteins in neurons.
Experimental Characterization of the Vertical Position of the Trapped Charge in Si Nitride-Based Nonvolatile Memory Cells (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We present a broad set of experiments on silicon nitride-based memories aimed at the investigation of the vertical position of the charge trapped in the nitride layer of silicon-oxide–nitride–oxide-semiconductor (SONOS) memories during program and erase in the tunneling regime. The results obtained for SONOS devices with conventional oxide–nitride–oxide and oxide–nitride–oxide–nitride–oxide gate stacks, as well as with high- <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\kappa$</tex></formula> top dielectric, have been validated by comparing different characterization techniques. It has been shown that, for SONOS cells, the charge centroid is located in the center of the silicon nitride layer, and its position is quite insensitive to the program or erase conditions and to the gate-stack composition. </para>
RELIABILITY IN A WHITE RABBIT NETWORK (2011)

White Rabbit (WR) is a time-deterministic, low-latency Ethernet-based network which enables transparent, subns accuracy timing distribution. It is being developed to replace the General Machine Timing (GMT) system currently used at CERN and will become the foundation for the control system of the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) at GSI. High reliability is an important issue inWR’s design, since unavailability of the accelerator’s control system will directly translate into expensive downtime of the machine. A typical WR network is required to lose not more than a single message per year. Due toWR’s complexity, the translation of this real-world-requirement into a reliability-requirement constitutes an interesting issue on its own – a WR network is considered functional only if it provides all its services to all its clients at any time. This paper defines reliability in WR and describes how it was addressed by dividing it into sub-domains: deterministic packet delivery, data resilience, topology redundancy and clock resilience. The studies show that the Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) of the WR Network is the main factor affecting its reliability. Therefore, probability calculations for different topologies were performed using the “Fault Tree analysis” and analytic estimations. Results of the study show that the requirements ofWR are demanding. Design changes might be needed and further in-depth studies required, e.g. Monte Carlo simulations. Therefore, a direction for further investigations is proposed.
Lipid droplet autophagy in the yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2013)

Cytosolic lipid droplets (LDs) are ubiquitous organelles in prokaryotes and eukaryotes that play a key role in cellular and organismal lipid homeostasis. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and steryl esters, which are stored in LDs, are typically mobilized in growing cells or upon hormonal stimulation by LD-associated lipases and steryl ester hydrolases. Here we show that in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, LDs can also be turned over in vacuoles/lysosomes by a process that morphologically resembles microautophagy. A distinct set of proteins involved in LD autophagy is identified, which includes the core autophagic machinery but not Atg11 or Atg20. Thus LD autophagy is distinct from endoplasmic reticulum-autophagy, pexophagy, or mitophagy, despite the close association between these organelles. Atg15 is responsible for TAG breakdown in vacuoles and is required to support growth when de novo fatty acid synthesis is compromised. Furthermore, none of the core autophagy proteins, including Atg1 and Atg8, is required for LD formation in yeast.
Nonlinear-optical properties of conductive spheroidal particle composites (1989)

We apply effective-medium theory, generalized for nonlinear media, to the problem of four-wave mixing in composites consisting of conducting particles embedded in a linear dielectric medium. For spheroidal conducting particles two cases are considered: (i) the particles are oriented and (ii) the particles have a random orientation. An experiment on gold particle suspensions in glass (Schott RG6) examines the frequency dependence of the conjugate signal intensity in a four-wave mixing geometry. Analysis of these results indicates that the particles with spheroidal shapes are mixed in the glass. We find that frequency and optical depth dependence of the conjugate intensity can be used to gain insight into the shape of the particles, since a large enhancement of the conjugate reflectivity is expected at the surface plasmon resonances, which are highly sensitive to small shape distortions.
Homodimer formation is rate-limiting for high affinity DNA binding by glucocorticoid receptor. (1992)

The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is a hormone-inducible transcription factor which activates transcription of specific genes by binding to a DNA sequence present in the promoters of inducible genes. These glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) have a conserved palindromic sequence. Each half-GRE palindrome binds one subunit of GR. We have assessed the relative affinity of GR monomers and homodimers for GRE and determined whether homodimer formation is rate-limiting for high affinity GRE binding. The in vitro affinity of GRE binding by GR homodimers was approximately 2 x 10(-10) M, whereas it was approximately 1 nM for GR monomers. While homodimer:GRE complexes were very stable, monomer:GRE complexes appeared less stable in vitro. At low receptor concentration, GR preferentially bound GRE as a homodimer. Prior dilution of GR (equilibrium shifted to monomers) before addition to a GRE binding reaction resulted in slower kinetics of binding by comparison to parallel reactions in which concentrated (largely homodimeric) GR was added first. Taken together, these experiments suggest that homodimer formation is rate-limiting for high affinity GRE binding. A GRE mutant which contained only a half-binding site and which was unable to bind GR homodimers was also unable to confer glucocorticoid-inducible transcription. Taken together with previous work, these experiments support the model that GR homodimers are required for hormone-dependent activation of transcription and that receptor homodimer formation is rate-limiting for GRE binding.
Subcarrier multiplexed lightwave system design considerations for subscriber loop applications (1989)

Design considerations for subscriber multiplexed (SCM) systems distributing multichannel analog/digital signals are reviewed. In particular, video distribution schemes based on lightwave transmission technologies are discussed. The two most important system design considerations in an SCM system are the control of intensity noise and nonlinear distortions. Intensity noise characteristics and degradation caused by optical reflections are discussed. Laser and detector linearity requirements are reviewed. System signal-to-noise ratio analysis is performed. Design considerations for receivers for SCM systems are reviewed, and various system applications are examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Low-power CDMA analog matched filters based on floating-gate technology (2003)

Low power and high-speed analog CDMA matched filters have been developed based on the floating-gate MOS technology. As compared to our previous approach (A. Okada and T. Shibata, Proc. IEEE ISCAS, vol. 2, pp. II-392-II-395), the power dissipation in sample/hold circuits has been reduced by employing the single-step matching scheme. In addition, the number of capacitors involved in the matching calculation is decreased by reconsidering the matching algorithm. As a result, 85% power reduction in a matching cell has been achieved in the present work. Furthermore, the introduction of the pseudorandom noise (PN) code-shifting scheme has eliminated the necessity of analog shift resistors for synchronization, thus enabling simple and more accurate circuit operation. The total CDMA matched filter circuits were designed, laid out, and their operation was confirmed by HSPICE simulation. The key circuits in the system were fabricated in a preliminary run and their characteristics were evaluated for the total circuit design.
The N Terminus of p53 Regulates Its Dissociation from DNA (2000)

It is important to gain insight into p53 DNA binding and how it is regulated. By using electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting, we show that a region within the N terminus of the protein controls the dissociation of p53 from a p53-binding site. When p53 is bound by a number of N-terminal-specific monoclonal antibodies, its rate of dissociation from DNA is reduced, and its ability to protect a cognate site from DNase I digestion is increased. Moreover, greatly reduced dissociation is observed with p53 protein lacking the N-terminal 96 amino acids. By contrast, deletion of the C terminus does not affect p53 dissociation from DNA or DNase I protection. p53 protein expressed in and purified from bacterial cells displays markedly more instability on its consensus DNA-binding site than does p53 produced in insect cells, suggesting that post-translational modifications may affect the stability of the protein. Our results provide evidence that the N terminus of p53 possesses an auto-inhibitory function that is mechanistically different from the inhibitory region at the C terminus.
Cellular Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Hypertrophy in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Their Modification (1984)

Major cellular abnormalities in the cardiovascular system of SHR detected up to the present "in vitro" under tissue culture condition were accelerated proliferation and deviated ionic transport of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC). The experimental modification of these abnormalities 'in vitro' and 'in vivo' indicated that neural innervation and/or catecholamines as well as sodium and nutritional conditions might substantially affect the basic process of hypertension-induced vascular changes, hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of medial SMC which further raised the peripheral vascular resistance in hypertension.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of α-MoO<sub>3</sub>Nanorods via Acidification of Ammonium Heptamolybdate Tetrahydrate (2002)

One-dimensional nanostructures of orthorhombic molybdenum trioxide (α-MoO3) have been synthesized in the forms of ribbons or rods via acidification under hydrothermal conditions at 140−200 °C. The reaction path has been revealed with our kinetic investigations, which shows the following sequence: (i) from the starting compound (NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O to (ii) formation of intermediate compound ((NH4)2O)0.0866·MoO3·0.231H2O, and then to (iii) final α-MoO3 nanoribbons or nanorods in 100% phase purity. The optimal growth temperature is in the range of 170−180 °C under the current experimental settings. At higher reaction temperatures, this transformation can be accelerated, but with poorer crystal morphological homogeneity. It has been found that the dimensions of these rectangular nanorods are about 50 nm in thickness, 150−300 nm (mean value at 200 nm) in width, and a few tens of micrometers in length. The crystal morphology can be further altered with inorganic salts such as NaNO3, KNO3, Mg(NO3)2, and Al(NO3)3. Using an H2S/H2 stream, the above-prepared α-MoO3 nanorods can be converted completely to 2H−MoS2 nanorods at 600 °C. The original rodlike morphology is well-retained, although the aspect ratio of the oxide template is reduced upon the sulfidation treatment.
Scintillation Type Mass Spectrometer Ion Detector (1960)

A new and relatively simple type of mass spectrometer ion detector is described. The positive ion is accelerated onto an aluminum surface releasing secondary electrons, and these in turn are accelerated onto an organic scintillator, viewed by a sealed-off photomultiplier. Counting methods are used to measure the ion beams. The detector has a low noise level, 4×10−20 amp, and the mass discrimination is small for ions in the high and low mass range. Admission of air to the vacuum system does not affect the gain of the detector, since no activated surfaces are situated within the vacuum. In the event of a fault occurring in the photomultiplier a new one can be substituted in a few minutes without letting air into the vacuum system.
Targeted Destruction of c-Myc by an Engineered Ubiquitin Ligase Suppresses Cell Transformation and Tumor Formation (2005)

Given that expression of c-Myc is up-regulated in many human malignancies, targeted inactivation of this oncoprotein is a potentially effective strategy for cancer treatment. The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway of protein degradation is highly specific and can be engineered to achieve the elimination of undesirable proteins such as oncogene products. We have now generated a fusion protein (designated Max-U) that is composed both of Max, which forms a heterodimer with c-Myc, and of CHIP, which is a U box-type ubiquitin ligase (E3). Max-U physically interacted with c-Myc in transfected cells and promoted the ubiquitylation of c-Myc in vitro. It also reduced the stability of c-Myc in vivo, resulting in suppression of transcriptional activity dependent on c-Myc. Expression of Max-U reduced both the abundance of endogenous c-Myc in and the proliferation rate of a Burkitt lymphoma cell line. Furthermore, expression of Max-U but not that of a catalytically inactive mutant thereof markedly inhibited both the anchorage-independent growth in vitro of NIH 3T3 cells that overexpress c-Myc as well as tumor formation by these cells in nude mice. These findings indicate that the targeted destruction of c-Myc by an artificial E3 may represent an effective therapeutic strategy for certain human malignancies.
The ubiquitous occurrence of Simulium posticatum (Diptera) in rivers around Oxford. (1991)

Blackfly (Simuliidae) are haematophagous Diptera. larval and pupal stages attach to plants or stones and filter feed detritus, usually in fast-flowing rivers and streams. Simuliumposticatum Meigen 1838 (syn. S. austeni Edwards 1915) occurs in Britain and is commonly known as The Blandford Fly. bite of this fly causes a severe reaction in some people and is of undoubted public health importance around the town of Blandford on the banks of the River Stour, Dorset. In Britain, S. posticatum is a univoltine species. Eggs are laid from July onwards in the soil of riverbanks and hatch in the following February and March when water levels have risen substantially (Ladle, Bass and Cannicott, 1985). Larvae attach to aquatic plants and go through at least six instars before pupating in late April. Adults emerge mid-May to June (Hansford, 1978). It is in the Stour and associated tributaries that the abundance of S. posticatum is believed to be greatest. This species has recently attracted attention for the navel control measures which have been used against populations of the insect around Blandford (see for example: G d a n , 9th March 1990). Indeed, the first use of the microbial insecticide, Bacillus thuringiensis var. ismelensis in water courses in Britain was a trial on a tributary of the Stour against S. posticatum. A significant reduction in the number of S. posticatwn larvae was achieved with little detrimental effect on non-target organisms downstream of the treatment sites (Jon Bass, pers. comm.). distribution of many blackfly species is poorly described. Lack of geographically diverse records means that the maps published by the Freshwater Biological Association (Davies, 1968) can be misleading for all but the most common species (Crosskey, 1982). This note describes the distribution and relative abundance of simuliid species in the Oxford area, with particular reference to S. posticatum.