gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Channel-adaptive relaying in mobile ad hoc networks with fading (2005)

This paper describes an approach for relaying in multihop networks that adapts to the time-varying channel and exploits spatial diversity to mitigate multipath fading. Ignored in some performance analyses, fading arises from multipath propagation and causes fluctuations in the signal strength in mo- bile networks, adversely affecting communication performance. Our approach uses limited cross-layer interactions between the physical, link and routing layers to provide adaptivity to both large and small-scale channel effects and to achieve spatial diversity gain without the use of multiple antennas. The routing layer uses long-term measurements of link quality in the form of the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to opportunistically select next-hop relays on a hop-by-hop basis. Small-scale variations are overcome at the MAC layer through efficient multicast polling of multiple next-hop candidate relays prior to data transmission. A performance analysis for networks employing geographic routing and an IEEE 802.11-based MAC (i) demonstrates significant improvements in network capacity and end-to-end delay achieved with these channel-adaptive techniques in Rayleigh and Ricean fading environments, (ii) shows that most of the small-scale diversity gain is obtained through the use of only two next-hop relay choices, and (iii) assesses the practical limit of the short- term adaptive component in terms of maximum node velocity.
Differential localization and high expression of SURVIVIN splice variants in human embryonic stem cells but not in differentiated cells implicate a role for SURVIVIN in pluripotency (2014)

The BIRC5 gene encodes the oncofetal protein SURVIVIN, as well as four additional splice variants (ΔEx3, 2B, 3B and 2α). SURVIVIN, an inhibitor of apoptosis, is also a chromosomal passenger protein (CPP). Previous results have demonstrated that SURVIVIN is expressed at high levels in embryonic stem cells and inhibition of SURVIVIN function results in apoptosis, however these studies have not investigated the other four splice variants. In this study, we demonstrate that all variants are expressed at significantly higher levels in human embryonic stem (hES) cells than in differentiated cells. We examined the subcellular localization of the three most highly expressed variants. SURVIVIN displayed canonical CPP localization in mitotic cells and cytoplasmic localization in interphase cells. In contrast, SURVIVIN-ΔEx3 and SURVIVIN-2B did not localize as a CPP; SURVIVIN-ΔEx3 was found constitutively in the nucleus while SURVIVIN-2B was distributed along the chromosomes during mitosis and also to the mitotic spindle poles. We used inducible shRNA against SURVIVIN to inhibit expression in a titratable fashion. Using this system, we reduced the mRNA levels of these three variants to approx. 40%, resulting in a concomitant reduction of OCT4 and NANOG mRNA, suggesting a role for the SURVIVIN variants in pluripotency.
Electrical Conductivity in Polyazomethines: A Novel Mechanism Derived from All Valence MO Calculation and IR Study of Polymer–Dopant Interaction (2011)

A simple mechanism is proposed to explain the variation of electrical conductivity in polyazomethines. The results of semiempirical, all valence, molecular orbital calculations obtained from the PM3 method have been employed to arrive at the mechanism. The difference of energy (ΔE) between highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) alone could not explain the variation in electrical conductivity; however, ΔE together with the LUMO electron density at the atoms that lie on the continuous chain could account for the electrical conductivity in these polymers. The LUMO electron density on these centers may be visualized as the carrier movement. In certain polymers there are intrinsic holes in HOMO. The movement of these intrinsic holes also adds to the electrical conduction. The polyazomethines are prepared by the condensation of diamines with azo bis-aldehydes. A few of these polymers were doped with silver nanoparticles. Many of the doped polymers showed substantial enhancement in conductivity. Strong polymer–dopant interaction, identified by IR spectroscopy, is proposed to be responsible for the increase in conductivity.
The pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury at a glance (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is defined as an impact, penetration or rapid movement of the brain within the skull that results in altered mental state. TBI occurs more than any other disease, including breast cancer, AIDS, Parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis, and affects all age groups and both genders. In the US and Europe, the magnitude of this epidemic has drawn national attention owing to the publicity received by injured athletes and military personnel. This increased public awareness has uncovered a number of unanswered questions concerning TBI, and we are increasingly aware of the lack of treatment options for a crisis that affects millions. Although each case of TBI is unique and affected individuals display different degrees of injury, different regional patterns of injury and different recovery profiles, this review and accompanying poster aim to illustrate some of the common underlying neurochemical and metabolic responses to TBI. Recognition of these recurrent features could allow elucidation of potential therapeutic targets for early intervention.
Digital Ventilated Psychrometer (1979)

A digital ventilated psychrometer for direct reading of the relative humidity (RH) from the digital indicator by means of two identical type thermistors is described. The method is based on the temperature to linear voltage converter, the calculator of the dry and wet bulb temperature ratio, the converter from the ratio to the voltage proportional to RH, and the analog to digital (A/D) converter. The experimental result by the digital ventilated psychrometer shows that the apparatus makes the direct indication of RH possible. The accuracy of the apparatus is estimated to contain an RH error of less than 2 percent and it is almost the same as that of the Assmann psychrometer. The principal advantage of the apparatus is the direct indication of RH and the capability to use the data directly for the input of the digital data processor.
Mechanism of the Hypoglycemic Effect of Stevioside, a Glycoside of<i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (2005)

We have studied the effects of stevioside on the glucose and insulin metabolism in 2 models of diabetes in rats, STZ-induced diabetic rats and NIDDM diabetic rats induced by feeding with fructose. Stevioside (0.5 mg/kg), lowered the blood glucose levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats, peaking at 90 min. Stevioside administered twice daily also demonstrated dose-dependent effects in lowering the glucose levels in both diabetic rat models. Stevioside reduced the rise in glucose during glucose tolerance testing in normal rats. Stevioside dose-dependently decreased protein levels of phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and PEPCK mRNA after 15 days of treatment. Stevioside also reduced insulin resistance in the diabetic animals as shown by the glucose lowering effects of tolbutamide. In conclusion, stevioside was able to regulate blood glucose levels by enhancing not only insulin secretion, but also insulin utilization in insulin-deficient rats; the latter was due to decreased PEPCK gene expression in rat liver by stevioside's action of slowing down gluconeogenesis. Further studies of this agent for the treatment of diabetes appear warranted.
Modeling and Analysis in Technology Problem Answering System (2018)

Considering the coming of the big data era, we are going to explore the auto-answering problem in technology's curriculum tests with big data. This kind of test contains the properties in Science and Math tests. In this paper, we describe an alternative approach that operates at three layers of representation and reasoning: information retrieval, corpus statistics, and simple inference over a semi-automatically constructed knowledge base. We evaluate the approach on ten years of exam problems from Wuhan University of Technology Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers Exams, and show that our overall system has the score of 62.2%. We apply the Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) thought in one of the methods, and get the improvement of 2.1% over the original methods. We try first for the problems of courses in Colleges and Universities, and leverage GANs in this Technology Problem Answering System.
Carrier-envelope phase stabilization of amplified pulses using an all-electronic servo loop (2009)

Novel all-electronic carrier-envelope phase stabilization for amplified pulses with kHz-bandwidth is demonstrated. Residual carrier-envelope phase noise exhibits two major contributions: one glitch-like mechanism from the pump laser and carrier-envelope phase noise inherited from the oscillator.
A Review and Comparison of Adsorption Isotherm Equations Used to Correlate and Predict Organic Vapor Cartridge Capacities (1991)

Four adsorption isotherm equations for describing measured capacities of organic vapor air-purifying cartridges were compared. Experimental breakthrough curves were measured for five organic vapors: ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, acetone, chloroform, and hexane. Plots of service life at 1% breakthrough versus bed weight (stacked cartridges) yielded capacities over concentration ranges for three brands of cartridges. The Freundlich, Langmuir, Dubinin/Radushkevich, and Hacskaylol/LeVan isotherm equations fit the capacity versus vapor concentration data equally well, except in the case of ethanol. The ethanol fit was worse for the Freundlich equation. Other characteristics of these equations were related to their usefulness for correlating service life.
[Evaluation of the effectiveness of NSAIDs in the prevention of postoperative pain. Comparison between pre- and postoperative administration of sodium naproxen in orthopedic surgery]. (1993)

The aim of the study was to assess the efficacy of the preoperative sodium Naproxen administration to reduce analgesic requirements in the postoperative period. 75 patients (ASA I-II), 50 male and 25 female, aged between 25 and 70 years and weighed between 50 and 90 kg, undergoing lumbar laminectomy were subjected to the same anesthetic technique. Patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups. Group I received intravenous sodium naproxen (550 mg) immediately after induction of anesthesia. Group II received intravenous sodium Naproxen (550 mg) at the end of surgery. Group III received intravenous normal saline immediately after induction of anesthesia. Postoperative every patient was given by request intramuscular Buprenorphine (0.3 mg) for pain relief (at 6 h intervals). Buprenorphine requirements in the group I were significantly lower than in either of the other groups (p < 0.01 and p < 0.0001 respectively), while significant differences were not observed between group II and III. Moreover the 54% of patients in the group I did not require analgesic drugs in the postoperative period in opposition to the 20% of pts. in the group II and the 12% of pts. in the group III (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively). We conclude that NSAIDs when given before tissue damage may prevent nociceptor sensitisation and probably reduce hyperexcitability of the spinal cord. Preoperative administration of NSAIDs provides better protection against peripheral nerve sensitisation than postoperative administration.
Image filtering, edge detection, and edge tracing using fuzzy reasoning (1996)

We characterize the problem of detecting edges in images as a fuzzy reasoning problem. The edge detection problem is divided into three stages: filtering, detection, and tracing. Images are filtered by applying fuzzy reasoning based on local pixel characteristics to control the degree of Gaussian smoothing. Filtered images are then subjected to a simple edge detection algorithm which evaluates the edge fuzzy membership value for each pixel, based on local image characteristics. Finally, pixels having high edge membership are traced and assembled into structures, again using fuzzy reasoning to guide the tracing process. The filtering, detection, and tracing algorithms are tested on several test images. Comparison is made with a standard edge detection technique.
Principal Component Analysis and Gabortransform in analysing burst-suppression EEG under propofol anaesthesia (2001)

The electroencephalogram (EEG) can be used in a variety of fields to examine the state and the dynamics of the human brain. The normal states of vigilance such as sleep and wakefulness but also system disorders such as epilepsy and brain damage, as well as abnormal levels of vigilance such as coma and anaesthesia can be studied by the EEG. To gain more insight in the possibility to use the EEG during operative monitoring, an experiment was carried out with 20 patients to study the changes in the EEG during deepening of anaesthesia. Burst Suppression Pattern (BSP) is a characteristic signal which can be recognised in the EEG during deepening of anaesthesia. It consists of high-voltage periods of bursts and low-voltage periods of suppression, both lasting from 1.5 to 6 seconds. This pattern occurs in different conditions ranging from brain damage, anoxia, coma and neonates 'at risk' to deep anaesthesia. In this study the focus is on BSP during propofol-anaesthesia in humans. This paper gives an overview of two techniques used to analyse the EEG during BSP. The two techniques are the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the Gabortransform. Both techniques do not depend on amplitude and duration derived from the BSP. The aim of the experiment is to search for basic patterns in the BSP EEG. To this end the two mentioned techniques were used to find basic patterns in the BSP.
Dietary Fiber and Other Constituents of Some Tongan Foods (1985)

ABSTRACT Components of dietary fiber (soluble nonstarch polysaccharide, pectin, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin), water, energy, protein, lipid and starch were measured in banana, breadfruit, cassava, coconut, mango, pawpaw, plantain, sweet potato, taro and Pacific yam, all from the Pacific Island Kingdom of Tonga. The Tongan foods were generally higher in dietary fiber than New Zealand foods, consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fiber is an important factor contributing to a lower incidence of certain gastrointestinal disorders in Tonga, than in New Zealand.
Hazardous Compounds in Tobacco Smoke (2011)

Tobacco smoke is a toxic and carcinogenic mixture of more than 5,000 chemicals. The present article provides a list of 98 hazardous smoke components, based on an extensive literature search for known smoke components and their human health inhalation risks. An electronic database of smoke components containing more than 2,200 entries was generated. Emission levels in mainstream smoke have been found for 542 of the components and a human inhalation risk value for 98 components. As components with potential carcinogenic, cardiovascular and respiratory effects have been included, the three major smoke-related causes of death are all covered by the list. Given that the currently used Hoffmann list of hazardous smoke components is based on data from the 1990s and only includes carcinogens, it is recommended that the current list of 98 hazardous components is used for regulatory purposes instead. To enable risk assessment of components not covered by this list, thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC) have been established from the inhalation risk values found: 0.0018 μg day(-1) for all risks, and 1.2 μg day(-1) for all risks excluding carcinogenicity, the latter being similar to previously reported inhalation TTCs.
Nonlinear Fracture Mechanics for Engineers (1998)

Overview Introduction Classification of Fracture Mechanics Regimes History of Developments in Fracture Mechanics Review of Solid Mechanics Stress Strain Elasticity Plasticity Consideration of Creep Component Analysis in the Plastic Regime Fully Plastic/Limit Loads Review of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics Basic Concepts Crack Tip Plasticity Compliance Relationships Fracture Toughness and Predictive Fracture in Components Subcritical Crack Growth Limitations of LEFM Analysis of Cracks under Elastic-Plastic Conditions Introduction Rice's J-Integral J-Integral, Crack Tip Stress Fields, and Crack Tip Opening Displacement J-Integral as a Fracture Parameter and Its Limitations Methods of Estimating J-Integral Analytical Solutions J-Integral for Test Specimens J for Growing Cracks Numerically Obtained Solutions Tables of J-Solutions Crack Growth Resistance Curves Fracture Parameters under Elastic-Plastic Loading Experimental Methods for Determining Stable Crack Growth and Fracture Special Considerations for Weldments Instability, Dynamic Fracture, and Crack Arrest Fracture Instability Fracture under Dynamic Conditions Crack Arrest Test Methods for Dynamic Fracture and Crack Arrest Constraint Effects and Microscopic Aspects of Fracture Higher Order Terms of Asymptotic Series Cleavage Fracture Ductile Fracture Ductile-Brittle Transition Fatigue Crack Growth under Large-Scale Plasticity Crack Tip Cyclic Plasticity, Damage, and Crack Closure ?J-Integral Test Methods for Characterizing FCGR under Large Plasticity Conditions Behavior of Small Cracks Analysis of Cracks in Creeping Materials Stress Analysis of Cracks Under Steady-State Creep Analysis of Cracks under Small-Scale and Transition Creep Consideration of Primary Creep Effects of Crack Growth on the Crack Tip Stress Fields Crack Growth in Creep-Brittle Materials Creep Crack Growth Test Methods for Characterizing Creep Crack Growth Microscopic Aspects of Creep Crack Growth Creep Crack Growth in Weldments Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Early Approaches for Characterizing Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior Time-Dependent Fracture Mechanics Parameters for Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Methods of Determining (Ct)avg Experimental Methods for Characterizing Creep Crack Growth Creep-Fatigue Crack Growth Correlations Case Studies Applications of Fracture Mechanics Fracture Mechanics Analysis Methodology Case Studies Appendices Index
Subband coding of images using transform vector quantization (2003)

A subband coding scheme (SBC-TVQ) for image coding in which vector quantization (VQ) is implemented in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain is presented. SBC-TVQ exploits the correlation in large image blocks by taking advantage of the compaction of the energy along certain directions in the transform domain of the high-frequency subbands. In this method, the spectrum of the input image is decomposed nonuniformly into seven bands using a quadrature mirror filter (QMF) bank. For each of the three high-frequency subbands, the transformed blocks are classified and adaptively partitioned into smaller subvectors with different dimensions. The obtained subvectors are quantized using VQ. The low-frequency subband is coded with higher precision using the classical adaptive DCT coder. Reasonably good reconstructed images are obtained at a rate around 0.4 bit per pixel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Identification of Histone H2A.X as a Growth Factor Secreted by an Androgen-independent Subline of Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Cells (1996)

Shionogi carcinoma 115 (SC 115) cells and Chiba subline 2 (CS 2) cells are clones of an androgen-responsive mouse tumor cell line and its autonomous subline, respectively. We have shown previously that CS 2 cells produce a heparin-binding growth factor that stimulates the growth of SC 115 cells as well as the growth of themselves. In this study, a growth factor was purified from serum-free conditioned media of CS 2 cells cultured without testosterone. A heparin-binding fraction showed growth- promoting activity on SC 115 cells and BALB/3T3 cells. The amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the components were identical to histones H2A.1 and H2A.X. Since histone H2A purified from bovine thymus had almost no growth-promoting activity on SC115 cells, histone H2A.X was assumed to be a growth factor. cDNA of histone H2A.X was cloned from a library of CS 2 cells, and its sequence was confirmed. The expressed product of histone H2A.X cDNA in Escherichia coli showed remarkable stimulatory effects on growth of SC 115 cells cultured in the absence of testosterone. These results indicate that histone H2A.X is secreted from CS 2 cells cultured without testosterone and plays a role as a growth factor.
Study on the degradation mechanism of the ferroelectric properties of thin Hf<sub>0.5</sub>Zr<sub>0.5</sub>O<sub>2</sub> films on TiN and Ir electrodes (2014)

Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films could show excellent ferroelectricity with a large remanent polarization (Pr, > 16 μC/cm2) on TiN and Ir electrodes, but their Pr decreased with the increasing thickness and monoclinic phase portion. The critical thickness for the degradation of the ferroelectricity of Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 films was smaller on the Ir electrode than the TiN electrode. This was due to the formation of larger grains, favorable for the formation of the monoclinic phase, on the Ir electrode than on the TiN electrode. The oxygen supply from IrOx exaggerated the initial growth on the Ir electrode and formed the larger grains.
A Crystalline A14-(2-Nitro-4-trimethylammoniophenyl) Derivative of Bovine Insulin (1979)

[O-(2-Nitro-4-trimethylammoniophenyl)-TyrA 14]insulin (bovine) is a product formed on reaction of bovine insulin with the hydrophilic reagent 1-fluoro-2-nitro-4-trimethyl-ammoniobenzene iodide (TAN-F) in an aqueous buffer at pH 8.00. The derivative was isolated and its purity established by standard procedures. The identity of the derivative was determined by degrative studies with alpha-chymotrypsin. The addition of zinc to the above reaction decreases the yield of the title derivative, but increases the yield of the [N alpha-TAN-GlyA1] derivative. [N alpha-Boc-GlyA1]insulin was also reacted with the above mentioned reagent in an attempt to improve the yield of the A14-tyrosine derivative. The biological activity of this microcrystalline derivative was found to be 12.4 units/mg as measured by the mouse convulsion assay.
Duocarmycin A, a new antitumor antibiotic from Streptomyces. (1988)

Wehave isolated a potent newantitumor antibiotic duocarmycin A from a culture broth of a Streptomycete.
Targeting the central nervous system inflammatory response in ischemic stroke (2001)

In experimental models of stroke, inflammation appears to contribute to cerebral ischemic injury. Clinical trials that are aimed at limiting the postischemic inflammatory response, however, have thus far had disappointing results. These clinical failures probably reflect the fact that there has been insufficient preclinical data and inadequate trial design, rather than provide evidence against a role for inflammation in ischemic brain injury.