gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in arrhythmias (2002)

Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic differences between men and women have long been noted. Women have a higher intrinsic heart rate than men, along with a longer corrected QT interval and a shorter sinus nodal recovery time. The incidence of and risk factors for a variety of arrhythmias differ between men and women. Atrioventricular nodal reentry tachycardia has a 2:1 female-to-male predominance, while accessory pathways are twice as frequent in men. Although atrial fibrillation is more prevalent in men of all age groups, the absolute numbers of men and women with atrial fibrillation are equal, and the associated morbidity and mortality experienced by women with atrial fibrillation appear to be worse. Women have a lower incidence of sudden cardiac death, and female survivors of sudden cardiac death have a lower frequency of spontaneous or inducible ventricular tachycardia. On the other hand, drug-induced torsade de pointes and symptomatic long QT syndrome have a female predominance. Therefore, greater caution should be used when prescribing QT-prolonging drugs in women. The incidence of arrhythmias is increased during pregnancy, and management of pregnant patients poses a significant challenge. The mechanisms of these gender differences are unclear but may be related to hormonal effects and the shorter QT interval in adult males. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies are usually equally efficacious, but the risks of pharmacologic therapy are different in men and women. Atrial fibrillation may be more difficult to treat in women.
A Parylene MEMS Electrothermal Valve (2009)

The first microelectromechanical-system normally closed electrothermal valve constructed using Parylene C is described, which enables both low power (in milliwatts) and rapid operation (in milliseconds). This low-power valve is well suited for applications in wirelessly controlled implantable drug-delivery systems. The simple design was analyzed using both theory and modeling and then characterized in benchtop experiments. Operation in air (constant current) and water (current ramping) was demonstrated. Valve-opening powers of 22 mW in air and 33 mW in water were obtained. Following integration of the valve with catheters, our valve was applied in a wirelessly operated microbolus infusion pump, and the in vivo functionality for the appropriateness of use of this pump for future brain mapping applications in small animals was demonstrated.
Modeling Flow Profile Using Distributed Temperature Sensor DTS System (2008)

Abstract Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology uses fiber-optic cable to measure continuous temperature profile along the wellbore. Measurement interpretation can provide valuable information, and one of them is real time flow profiling that helps to monitor the fluid flow in wells. This valuable information can assist real time production decision with no well intervention. However, the complexity of the data analysis limits the use of DTS as a flow allocation technique. This paper presents a new flow-profiling model using DTS technology. The model is based on steady-state energy balance equation and it handles multiple production zones with its own zonal fluid properties. The model is applicable for gas and oil wells in onshore and offshore environment. The model is integrated into easy-to-use software and it can be run in two modes: forward simulation and flow profiling. The forward simulation calculates temperature distribution along the wellbore for any given production profile, and this mode is critical for the model calibration. It is also very useful for emulating what-if scenarios, like water breakthrough. The flow profiling estimates production profile based on measured temperatures, which is the base for the real time well monitoring. Our studies with the model show that geothermal profile, fluid properties, formation properties, well completion, and deviation as well as Joule-Thomson effect all play key roles for the model accuracy. Joule Thomson gas cooling effect only occurs at lower pressure while reversal appears at higher pressure region. The model is tested against synthetic, literature and field examples and good agreements have been obtained. Test results have been presented.
Synthesis of chiral square planar cobalt(III) complexes and catalytic asymmetric epoxidations with these complexes (1990)

The chiral square planar cobalt(III) complexes, Na[Co(η4-(R)-HMBA-DMP)](2), {H4(R)-HMBA-DMP =(–)2,4-bis[(R)-2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyramido]-2,4-dimethylpentan-3-one} and complexes with two or four chiral centres, Co{[OC(R)R′C(O)N]2L}[(3; R = Et, R′= Ph, L = CMe2COCMe2); (4; R = Et, R′= Me, L =o-phenylene); (5; R = Et, R′= Me, L = CH(Me)CH2CHMe); (6; R = Et, R′= Ph, L = CH(Me)CH2CHMe)] have been prepared and characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy, solution magnetic properties, and X-ray crystallography. Asymmetric epoxidations of styrenes with these chiral cobalt(III) complexes and iodosylbenzene have been investigated. Various substituted styrenes were epoxidized with chemical yields of (25–86%) and enantiomeric excesses between 0 and 17%.
AM1 Study of the Ground and Excited State Potential Energy Surfaces of Symmetric Carbocyanines (1997)

Ground (S0) and first excited singlet state (S1) potential energy surfaces were calculated for a series of six symmetric carbocyanines as a function of the twisting angle (θ), around a carbon−carbon bond of the polymethine chain. The surfaces were computed using AM1 semiempirical quantum mechanical calculations. Rotations around different bonds were considered in order to determine the relevant rotation for isomerization, that is, the rotation with the lowest activation energy for the isolated molecule (E0). For that rotation, the computed values of E0 are in good agreement with values extrapolated from experiments in solutions of n-primary alcohols. The same holds for the computed transition energies between both surfaces for the thermodynamically stable N isomer (θ = 0°) and the P photoisomer (θ = 180°). The effects of chain length and pattern substitution of the indoline moiety on E0 were also analyzed for both surfaces. The shape of the potential surfaces referred as the Rullière's model holds in all cases for at least one rotational coordinate. The electrical dipole moment with respect to the center of electrical charges was calculated as a function of θ. The calculations show that the dipole moment remains almost constant except in the vicinity of θ = 90°, where a sudden increase with a sharp peak was obtained in both surfaces. This gives a simple explanation for the well-known experimental observation that the activation energy on the excited state surface is independent of solvent polarity, as the angle of the transition state is smaller than 90°. On the other hand, the transition state is at θ = 90° on the ground state, and a polarity influence is predicted. An improvement in the description of the experimental isomerization rate constants in S0 is obtained for the two smallest carbocyanines considered when polarity contributions are included.
Effects of sainfoin hay on gastrointestinal infection with nematodes in goats (2003)

Due to development of resistances to broad spectrum anthelmintics in parasitic nematodes combined with the increasing demand of public to reduce the use of chemicals in farm products, there is nowadays a growing interest to seek alternative, sustainable methods to control gastrointestinal trichostrongyles in ruminants. Among the different options, the positive effects of condensed tannins in parasitised hosts begin to be well documented in sheep (Athanasiadou and others, 2000a, 2000b; Niezen and others, 1998a,1998b). In contrast, data in goats are far less extensive (Kabasa and others, 2000). The consequences of ingestion of tannins on resistance and/or resilience of ruminants have been examined either in grazing conditions with tanniferous forages or indoors by feeding sheep with Quebracho, a natural substance with high concentrations of tannins. Surprisingly, studies on the possible use of dry forages (hay) as possible source of condensed tannins are lacking despite the advantages which could be associated with this option for distribution in farms. We therefore present preliminary results on the effects of sainfoin hay on gastrointestinal parasitism in naturally infected dairy goats.
Vesical-Renal Reflex: Diuresis and Natriuresis Activated by Intravesical Capsaicin (1995)

In the last years the role of capsaicin sensitive innervation, in the activation of the micturition reflex, has been reported in many papers. In our experience, upon the intravesical administration of capsaicin in humans, we noticed an increase of diuresis. No interaction is known about the sensory innervation of the bladder and renal function, so we studied the possibility of the existence of a vesical-renal reflex arc. Twenty-one patients (9 men and 12 women) were randomised to receive intravesical infusion of saline solution containing 10 microM capsaicin. Urine output, glomerular renal filtrate (GRF) and effective plasma renal flow (EPRF), measured by Technetium-99m diethylenetetramine-penta-acetic acid (DTPA) renal scintigraphy, were recorded over twenty minutes before and after the intravesical administration of capsaicin. Urine density, [Na+] and [K+] concentration, and prostaglandin E2 excretion were also determined before and after intravesical administration of capsaicin or vehicle. Installation of saline solution containing 10 microM capsaicin produced a significant increase of mean urine output, an increase of GRF, of EPRF and of [Na+] and [K+] urine concentration. An increase, not statistically significant, was observed of PgE2 excretion. None of the patients treated with vehicle showed any modification of parameters examined. The present findings demonstrate a hitherto unrecognized effect: increased diuresis following selective chemical stimulation of bladder efferents with capsaicin. The renal diuretic response to intravesical capsaicin represents a working hypothesis about the possible involvement of a vesical-renal reflex arc organized at spinal or supraspinal level.
A four-megacycle, 24-bit checked binary adder (1961)

The logical design of a 24-bit binary adder applicable to Stretchtype computers is described. Solid-state, nanosecond logical elements employing diffused-junction transistors are used in current-mode and emitter-follower configurations. Parallel carry generation and preformed sum-selecting functions for four-bit subgroups are utilized for maximum speed. The higher component count is more than offset by the increased performance over adders of more conventional design. Storage, gating, and half-sum generation elements are parity checked in six-bit groups. Carry and sum generation are checked by redundant serial carry logic operating in an "after-the-fact" mode. Checking logic is performed in parallel with adding and storage operations and therefore does not penalize performance. Additions are completed in a relatively fixed time interval because of the parallel carry system and the nature of the logical elements employed. Asynchronous control provides no special advantage where such characteristics hold, and a clock source of symmetrical samples is provided for control. A complete add operation, including storage in transistor registers, can be performed in 250 nanoseconds.
Adaptive automatic classification on the Web (2002)

The paper explores the motives and issues associated with automatic classification on the Web. Experimental software tools are introduced which enable the automatic generation of vocabularies, representing any given classification scheme, using pre-classified documents. An internal representation of the required classification hierarchy is automatically generated and subsequent documents are filtered through this hierarchy and automatically classified. The flexible, dynamic manner in which the classification vocabularies are defined creates an environment in which different collections of documents can be classified according to different, extensible classification schemes. Evolving changing vocabularies and hierarchies can be dynamically generated and modified over time.
HIV-1 at the immunological and T-lymphocytic virological synapse (2008)

Cell-cell transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is considered the most effective mode of viral spread in T-lymphocyte cultures. Evidence has accumulated that HIV-1 assembles polarized synaptic-like structures, referred to as virological synapses, as specialized sites of viral transfer. Interestingly, it was recently also discovered that HIV-1 impairs the formation of the structurally similar immunological synapse, thereby modulating exogenous T-lymphocyte stimulation to yield an optimal activation state for productive HIV-1 infection. The careful dissection of these opposing effects will contribute to our understanding of retroviral spread and cellular signal transduction machineries.
International Asset Allocation With Regime Shifts (2002)

Journal Article International Asset Allocation With Regime Shifts Get access Andrew Ang, Andrew Ang Columbia University and National Bureau of Economic Research Address correspondence to Andrew Ang, Columbia Business School, 3022 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, or e-mail: aa610@columbia.edu. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Geert Bekaert Geert Bekaert Columbia University and National Bureau of Economic Research Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of Financial Studies, Volume 15, Issue 4, July 2002, Pages 1137–1187, https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/15.4.1137 Published: 16 June 2015
How Real the Inflation Specter (1994)

Financial markets have been on edge most of the year over prospects of an acceleration in inflation. The Federal Reserve began pushing up interest rates in February to head off price pressures and has moved fairly aggressively during the past several months. But have the moves been too late? Are we leaving the low inflation track enjoyed during the past three years? Alternatively, is the Fed tilting at windmills or at phantom price pressures that carry little risk of developing? Examination of economic recoveries during the past 30 years demonstrates that inflation does have a nasty tendency to move higher as the expansion matures. Exceptions have been few. We analyzed inflation performance early and late in the seven expansions since 1958. Core inflation (the rise in consumer prices excluding food and energy) was stable at 1.3% to 1.4% in the 1958-60 period. Inflation dipped slightly in the 1980-81 time frame, but the decrease from about 12% to 11% was hardly impressive. Nevertheless, numbers for the current cycle are encouraging. We are now in the fourth year of expansion. Yet, over the past six months, core consumer prices have been rising at an annual rate of 3.1%, in contrast to a core inflation rate averaging 4.0% during the first six months of the recovery. Although supply shocks, such as oil embargoes, wars, or crop damaging floods, can cause some prices to temporarily skyrocket, the general rise in prices, or inflation, has at all times and all places been, at heart, a monetary phenomenon. If money growth is too rapid relative to the economy's productive potential, prices will rise. If the economy is operating below potential, above-average growth can be tolerated for a while without pushing up prices. As excess capacity is absorbed, money and spending growth must be curbed or inflation will accelerate. Although different measures of the money supply have shed conflicting evidence on the strength of total spending in the U.S., nominal GDP has clearly been too rapid during the past few quarters to keep inflation contained. During the past year, nominal GDP has climbed by more than 6%. If we had not possessed some slack in the economy, the inflation outlook would already be deteriorating. One reason for optimism about inflation is that the U.S. economy is still operating below its full employment potential. Currently, it appears that we have spare capacity equal to about 2.0% of total GDP (see chart). With productivity growth still healthy, the economy can probably grow 2.7 to 2.8% per year without inciting higher inflation. Meanwhile, the Federal Reserve is likely to cool the economy down to a growth rate averaging about 2.5% during the next few quarters. This would mean that the expansion could continue without an inflation flare-up. Steep commodity price increases in coffee, oil, and copper have captured the hearts of all true bond bears this year. However, while commodity prices offer good information on industrial activity, they are poor forecasters of broad inflation trends. …
N O 2 detection by adsorption induced work function changes in In2O3 thin films (2007)

A potentiometric sensor platform has been used for NO2 detection at room temperature by measuring the adsorption induced surface work function changes in In2O3 thin films deposited on Si using a solution based process. The highly resistive films were unsuitable for amperometric detection of NO2; however, significant work function changes of ∼30mV were measured for ∼50s of exposure to 70ppm NO2, and detection down to 600ppb (parts per 109) was possible. A model for the transient response was developed, which satisfactorily fits the experimental data. Acceleration of the desorption transient under ultraviolet illumination has also been investigated.
Ultrahigh speed resonant tunneling diode/transmission line clock generator and track-and-hold (1997)

Resonant tunneling diodes (RTDs) have been successfully used for high speed trigger sources and millimeter wave oscillators. Here, two new circuits combining RTDs and transmission lines (TL) are proposed for square wave clock generation in multigigahertz high speed digital circuits and for sampling analog signals at multigigahertz clock frequency data rates as is required in analog-to-digital converters. Both circuits require picosecond slew rates. The designs presented here are free of transistors and are limited in performance only by the switching speed of the RTD and the bandwidth of the transmission line. SPICE simulations incorporating a physics-based RTD model demonstrate the potential of these circuits for track-and-hold applications.
Walking Activity Measured by Accelerometry During Respiratory Rehabilitation (2003)

In Brief PURPOSE Activity monitoring is considered a highly relevant outcome measure of respiratory rehabilitation. This study aimed to assess the usefulness of a new accelerometric method for characterization of walking activity during a 3-week inpatient rehabilitation program. METHODS After individual calibration of the accelerometer at different walking speeds, whole-day physical activity was recorded for 15 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the first and the last days of the program, and for 10 healthy subjects. Data were expressed as percentage of time spent in inactivity, low level activity, and medium level activity, with the latter corresponding to usual walking speed. RESULTS The patients spent more time being inactive and less time walking than healthy subjects. At the end of the rehabilitation program, medium level activity had increased from 4% to 7% of total recording time. However, the change was not significant after periods of imposed exercise training were excluded. Walking activity increased to a greater degree among the patients with preserved limb muscle strength at entry to the program. Although health status scores improved, the changes did not correlate with the changes in walking activity. CONCLUSION The findings lead to the conclusion that this new accelerometric method provides detailed analysis of walking activity during respiratory rehabilitation and may represent an additional useful measure of outcome. A novel accelerometer with individual calibration was used to characterize the walking activity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during an inpatient respiratory rehabilitation program. Walking activity increased during the training periods, but not during spontaneous activity. This new method provides detailed analysis of activity and may represent a useful measure of outcome.
Resonant tunneling in a GaAs/AlGaAs barrier/InGaAs quantum well heterostructure (1987)

Resonant tunneling through a GaAs contact/double AlGaAs barrier/single InGaAs quantum well strained-layer heterostructure was investigated. The structure exhibits negative differential resistance up to 275 K due to tunneling through the first excited state of the quantum well. Comparison of the observed peak positions with theory indicates that the conduction-band offset of the AlGaAs/InGaAs heterojunction is nearly 100%. Using the magnetic field dependence of the current-voltage characteristics, we have measured the effective mass of an electron while transiting a multicomponent quantum well tunneling structure. An effective mass for electrons in the InGaAs quantum well of approximately half the bulk effective mass is obtained.
Large-Area Atomically Thin MoS<sub>2</sub> Nanosheets Prepared Using Electrochemical Exfoliation (2014)

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is an extremely intriguing material because of its unique electrical and optical properties. The preparation of large-area and high-quality MoS2 nanosheets is an important step in a wide range of applications. This study demonstrates that monolayer and few-layer MoS2 nanosheets can be obtained from electrochemical exfoliation of bulk MoS2 crystals. The lateral size of the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets is in the 5-50 μm range, which is much larger than that of chemically or liquid-phase exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The MoS2 nanosheets undergo low levels of oxidation during electrochemical exfoliation. In addition, microscopic and spectroscopic characterizations indicate that the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets are of high quality and have an intrinsic structure. A back-gate field-effect transistor was fabricated using an exfoliated monolayer MoS2 nanosheet. The on/off current ratio is over 10(6), and the field-effect mobility is approximately 1.2 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1); these values are comparable to the results for micromechanically exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets. The electrochemical exfoliation method is simple and scalable, and it can be applied to exfoliate other transition metal dichalcogenides.
Rethinking the Ecological Crisis (1991)

The stories we tell about nature reveal a great deal about how we think about ourselves, our society and the world in which we live. Nature is one of those potent cultural spaces within which a society plays out its dreams and fears, its ambitions and anxieties. As John Rodman reminds us, "just as our statements about other people tend also to be concealed statements about ourselves, so statements about nonhuman nature tend also to be concealed statements about the human condition. "1 Constructed through our various discourses, ideas of nature can be read as maps of our historically and culturally-constituted consciousness.
Conversion of organic oxygen compounds and their mixtures on H‐ZSM‐5 (1987)

Abstract The conversion of a number of alcohols, ethers, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and cyclic compounds and their mixtures on H‐ZSM‐5 at 673 K was investigated. These compounds can be easily converted to aromatic hydrocarbons if the C/H ratio of the molecule fragment, remaining after elimination of oxygen as water, is less than 0.62. At higher C/H ratios, coking of the catalyst increases, thus reducing its lifetime, a difficulty which can be overcome by hydrogenation of these compounds prior to their conversion over H‐ZSM‐5. A procedure is proposed for converting at least a part of organic waste chemicals to valuable products instead of burning them.