gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dry Heat or Gaseous Chemical Resistance of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> var. <i>niger</i> Spores Included Within Water-soluble Crystals (1968)

Inclusion of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger in water-soluble crystals increased the resistance of the spores to dry heat and to a gaseous mixture of methyl bromide and ethylene oxide. Resistance of spores in glycine crystals to dry heat at 125 C was increased 5 to 24 times compared to unprotected spores. There appeared to be a positive correlation between the size of the crystal and the degree of resistance. The resistance to dry heat of spores included in sodium chloride crystals was about six times greater than unprotected spores. A gaseous mixture of methyl bromide (964 mg/liter) and ethylene oxide (642 mg/liter) at 37% relative humidity was ineffective in sterilizing spores enclosed within these water-soluble crystals, as was ethylene oxide alone. However, if the relative humidity was sufficiently high to dissolve the crystals during exposure to the vapor, viable-spore counts were drastically reduced or were negative. The surfaces of crystals grossly contaminated with dry spores were sterilized by exposure to gaseous ethylene oxide. Sterilization of heat-labile or moisture-labile materials with a critical requirement for sterility, as in planetary probes or drugs, may be complicated by the presence of spores in naturally occurring water-soluble crystals. This phenomenon is similar to the protection afforded spores entrapped in solid plastics.
The continuous hydrothermal synthesis of nano-particulate ferrites in near critical and supercritical water (2001)

Magnetic spinel type oxides such as magnetite, Fe3O4, cobalt, nickel, and zinc ferrites, MFe2O4 (M = Co, Ni, Zn) and the mixed nickel and cobalt ferrite, NixCo1 − xFe2O4 have been synthesised continuously by the hydrolysis and simultaneous oxidation of mixtures of Fe(II) acetate and different M(II) acetates in near-critical and supercritical water using a flow reactor. The materials have been characterised by powder X-ray diffraction (PXD) and, in selected cases, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The bulk composition of the samples was determined by Atomic Absorption analysis (AA). Additionally, Energy-dispersive Detection X-ray analysis (EDX) was carried out on some of the samples. TEM pictures showed a “bimodal” particle size distribution: small particles of ca. 10 nm and larger particles of up to 100 nm, both of which are highly crystalline. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed, which may be responsible for the observed morphology. The effects of temperature and residence time on the reaction have been studied.
A CMOS 77-GHz Receiver Front-End for Automotive Radar (2013)

This paper presents the design of a receiver (Rx) front-end for automotive radar application operating at 76-77 GHz. The Rx employs a double conversion architecture, which consists of a five-stage low-noise amplifier (LNA), a sub-harmonic mixer (SHM), and a double-balanced passive mixer (PSM). By adopting this architecture, millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer design can be relaxed. In the LNA layout, the output of each stage is positioned close to the input of the follow stage, thus creating a LC resonance load. As a result, complex interstage matching networks is simplified. The SHM driven by a 38-GHz local oscillator (LO) is adopted to avoid push/pull effect and power consumption of the voltage-controlled oscillator. A PSM is utilized for the second conversion since it consumes no dc current and has low flickering noise. To connect the singled-ended LNA and SHM, a 77-GHz balun is designed; and for driving the SHM, two 38-GHz baluns and an in-phase/quadrature coupler to provide quadrature 38-GHz LO are designed. The proposed Rx is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS technology and measurement results show 16-dB voltage gain and 13-dB calculated noise figure while dissipating 23.5 mA from a black 1.2-V supply.
Detection of bacterial mRNA using polymerase chain reaction. (1991)

A method was developed for the detection of bacterial mRNAs using reverse transcriptase followed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The method involves brief inhibition of protein synthesis with chloramphenicol, followed by reverse transcription, PCR amplification of cDNA and Southern blot hybridization. Detection of mRNAs by reverse transcription-PCR-Southern blot analysis is orders of magnitude more sensitive than Northern blot hybridization.
Tensile behavior of glass‐fiber‐filled polyacetal: Influence of the functional groups of polymer matrices (2007)

Abstract We investigated the tensile behavior of glass‐fiber‐filled polyacetal [i.e., polyoxymethylene (POM)], focusing on the mutual influence of the functional groups in the POM matrices and the glass binder system. The different POM matrices were compounded with three kinds of glass fibers (20 wt %) treated with different glass binders, namely, epoxy resin, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), and a mixture of TPU and epoxy resin. A good correlation between the tensile strength and elongation at break was observed, regardless of the difference in the glass binders. The composites based on the modified POM matrix, which had both a carboxyl end group and a hydroxyl end group, improved the tensile properties noticeably in comparison with those based on the normal POM matrix. The composites were strengthened with an increase in the concentration of the functional groups. The results of scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that the fractured surfaces of a specimen having maximum tensile strength and elongation exhibited cohesion of the modified POM on the surfaces of the glass fibers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Efficient method to determine diagonal loading value (2004)

It is well known that the performance of the adaptive beamforming algorithm is degraded when the sample support is short. The diagonal loading method is a simple and efficient method for improving the robustness of adaptive beamforming for such cases. Meanwhile, we are not aware of a formal approach to determine an optimal diagonal value to date. In this paper, we propose a data dependent method for the determination of the diagonal loading value. The proposed method makes a connection between the diagonal loading value and the estimation error of the estimated covariance matrix. The larger the estimation error, the larger the diagonal loading value. Thus, the proposed method adjusts the diagonal loading value according to the array data. In addition, this method is efficient in computation.
Evaluating Finger Orientation for Position Awareness on Multi-Touch Tabletop Systems (2012)

Interactive tabletop systems are becoming popular platforms for group activities. However, current common tabletops do not provide capabilities to differentiate interactions among simultaneous users, i.e. to associate a touch point with its proper owner. My thesis proposes and explores the use of an important biometric property of users as the basis for touch discrimination on multi-user tabletops: Finger Orientation (FO). In this thesis, I first collect the FO ranges of users standing in different positions around a tabletop. Second, I implement a system that uses FO to determine where the users are standing, and based on that extrapolate the owner of the touch. Next, I evaluate the system with two separate experiments, present the results, and discuss all findings. Furthermore, I explore some enhancements with a simple quantitative study. My results indicate that finger orientation is a good natural biometric trait enhances multi-user recognition on tabletops.
Coculture of Anterior and Posterior Pituitary Cells: Selective Stimulation of Lactotrophs* (1991)

There is extensive evidence that the posterior pituitary (PP) participates in the regulation of PRL secretion. We recently reported that a putative PRL-releasing factor is localized, and possibly produced, in the intermediate lobe of the PP. The aim of the present investigation was to determine whether cultured PP cells affect anterior pituitary (AP) function in terms of cell content and cumulative release of PRL. Anterior and posterior pituitaries from adult male rats were dispersed with trypsin and cultured either alone or together for 4 and 8 days in serum-free medium. The concentrations of PRL, GH, and LH in cell extracts and culture media were measured by RIA. Coculturing of AP and PP cells at different plating densities resulted in a 2-fold rise in PRL cell content after 4 days. The cumulative release of PRL in the cocultures was significantly increased only after 8 days. LH and GH were affected slightly, or not at all. Medium conditioned by PP cells mimicked the effects of coculture on the cumulative release of PRL, but not on the cell content. Short-term incubation with TRH induced a much larger release of PRL from AP + PP cocultures than from AP cells cultured alone. In conclusion, these data suggest that 1) PP cells stimulate the production and release of PRL in a hormone-specific manner, and 2) coculturing of AP + PP cells augments the responsiveness of lactotrophs to secretagogues such as TRH. We propose that at least two factors, one of which might be PRL-releasing factor, are involved in these effects.
A signal-processing CMOS image sensor using a simple analog operation (2002)

A high-density CMOS image sensor has a normal mode and three signal-processing function modes: wide dynamic-range mode, motion-detection mode, and edge-extraction mode. Small pixel and real-time operation are achieved by using a four-transistor pixel scheme and column-parallel on-chip analog operation.
Biaxial Tension Test and the Strengthening of Titanium Sheets under Biaxial Tension (2001)

The testing equipments, specimens and testing methods for biaxial tension test are discussed. The anisotropic Hooke′s law and yielding condition for titanium sheets, are obtained by the biaxial tension test.
Randomised controlled trial of hip protectors for the prevention of second hip fractures (2003)

this trial does not suggest a benefit of the studied hip protector among people living outside residential accommodation.
Extending object-oriented concepts to support engineering applications (2002)

A presentation is made of a structure-function (S-F) paradigm for representing engineering designs. The S-F paradigm treats structures and functions as first-class objects by modeling the physical configuration of the design as structural objects and the behavior of the design as functional objects. The paradigm supports engineering designs by using the associative knowledge between structures and functions to help in the design process and to support simulation by providing for a run-time interaction between structures and functions. The S-F paradigm would be generally applicable to model the passive and active information in any complex system. It may be implemented as a layer on top of any object-oriented model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Scalable VANET content routing using hierarchical bloom filters (2013)

In this paper, we discuss scalable content-oriented routing that enables storing, sharing and searching data totally within the VANET. We introduce a proactive content discovery scheme, Hierarchical Bloom-Filter Routing (HBFR), to tackle mobility, large population and rich content challenges of VANETs. HBFR is compared to the popular ICN reactive content discovery scheme in practical VANET scenarios. The results show that HBFR suits non-sharable data services, while reactive ICN inspired content discovery works well with popular sharable data. We suggest a hybrid approach that adaptively utilizes proactive and reactive schemes for time-sensitive data in ICN VANET.
Evaluation of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors on Si Substrate in Power Factor Correction Circuit (2007)

A new device of high-power AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) fabricated on a Si substrate is proposed. Its application of the power factor correction (PFC) circuit is presented for the first time. The AlGaN/GaN HFETs fabricated on the Si substrate with a gate width of 152 mm exhibited a breakdown voltage of more than 800 V, an on-resistance of 65 mΩ, and a maximum drain current of more than 50 A. As for the results of the experiment on the PFC at 200 W and f = 109 kHz, a power conversion efficiency of 95.2% was obtained. This value was about 1% higher than that of the PFC-circuit-using Si devices.
Studies on nucleosides and nucleotides. LXXXVIII. Synthesis of a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog of ribonuclease Tl, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanylyl-(3'-5')-uridine. (1981)

2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroguanylyl-(3'-5')-uridine (GfpU) was synthesized as a non-hydrolyzable substrate analog of ribonuclease T1. 2'-Deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine was derivatized to the N2-isobutyryl-5'-monomethoxytrityl compound and condensed with 2', 3'-di-O-acetyluridine 5'-monophosphate by the use of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide to obtain GfpU. For structural elucidation of the dinucleoside monophosphate, 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine 3'-monophosphate was also synthesized. The conformation of GfpU was found to take a right-handed, weakly stacked form as deduced by ultraviolet, circular dichroism, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
The bandwidth efficiency increasing method of multi-carrier CDMA and its performance evaluation in comparison with DS-CDMA with RAKE receivers (2003)

It is necessary to devise the method for increasing the bandwidth efficiency in order to provide the high speed mobile multimedia communication services with CDMA under the limited radio bandwidth resources. In this paper the structure for transmitting the high-speed data at the half bandwidth of the required bandwidth using the symmetry property of the IFFT output of the binary input MC-CDMA, which enables the time scaling method utilized, is proposed. The processing gain is increased 4 times than the DS-CDMA and its performance is evaluated to be compared with DS-CDMA with RAKE receivers under the Rayleigh fading channel and same bandwidth per one channel.
Monoclonal antibody to the type I insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) receptor blocks IGF-I receptor-mediated DNA synthesis: clarification of the mitogenic mechanisms of IGF-I and insulin in human skin fibroblasts. (1986)

Insulin and insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I) stimulate an overlapping spectrum of biological responses in human skin fibroblasts. Although insulin and IGF-I are known to stimulate the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA in these cells, the identity of the receptor(s) that mediates this effect has not been fully clarified. The mouse anti-human IGF-I receptor antibody alpha IR-3 binds with specificity to IGF-I but not to insulin receptors in human placental membranes; it also specifically inhibits the binding of 125I-labeled IGF-I but not 125I-labeled insulin to suspensions of human skin fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. alpha IR-3 competitively inhibits IGF-I-mediated stimulation of [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA. This inhibition is dependent on the concentration of alpha IR-3 and in the presence of a fixed antibody concentration can be partially overcome by high concentrations of IGF-I. In contrast, at concentrations of less than 1 microgram/ml, the effect of insulin to stimulate [3H]thymidine incorporation is not inhibited by alpha IR-3. However, the incremental effects of higher concentrations (greater than 1 microgram/ml) of insulin on [3H]thymidine incorporation are inhibited by alpha IR-3. alpha IR-3 is a highly specific antagonist of IGF-I receptor-mediated mitogenesis in human skin fibroblasts. By using this antibody, it is shown directly that insulin can act through the IGF-I receptor to stimulate DNA synthesis but can also activate this effect through the insulin receptor itself.
Time-of-Arrival Estimation Based on Information Theoretic Criteria (2013)

The possibility to accurately localize tags by using wireless techniques is of great importance for several emerging applications in the Internet of Things. Precise ranging can be obtained with ultra wideband (UWB) impulse radio (IR) systems, where short impulses are transmitted, and their time-of-arrival (ToA) is estimated at the receiver. Due to the presence of noise and multipath, the estimator has the difficult task of discriminating the time intervals where the received waveform is due to noise only, by those where there are also signal components. Common low-complexity methods use an energy detector (ED), whose output is compared with a threshold, to discriminate the time intervals containing noise only from those containing signal plus noise. Optimal threshold design for these methods requires knowledge of the channel impulse response and of the receiver noise power. We propose a different approach, where ToA estimation is based on model selection by information theoretic criteria (ITC). The resulting ToA algorithms do not use thresholds, and do not require any information about the channel or the noise power level. These blind, universal ToA estimators show, for completely unknown multipath channels and in the presence of noise with unknown power, excellent performance when compared with ideal genie-aided schemes.
Pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition in the primate using microencapsulated antisense oligomers to NF-<b>κ</b>B (2007)

Microencapsulated ASO to NF-kappaB is more effective than ASO in solution in pro-inflammatory cytokine inhibition in non-human primates.
Multi-Authority Attribute Based Encryption Scheme with Revocation (2015)

Attribute Based Encryption (ABE) scheme can achieve information sharing of one-to-many users, without considering the number of users and the users identity. But, the traditional single Attribute Authority (AA) ABE scheme can hardly meet requirements of different agencies in distributed application environment and it is easy to form the system performance bottlenecks. Based on ciphertext-policy ABE scheme, this paper proposes a multi-authority revocable ABE scheme, where the classification manages user attributes, effectively relieving the management burden of single organization. In addition, it can achieve fine grained access control of shared information by adopting tree access strategy and secret sharing scheme, and support system attribute revocation. Finally, we show that the scheme is secure against chosen plaintext attack under the Decisional Bilinear Diffie-Hellman (DBDH) assumption.
Extragenic Suppressors of the Arabidopsis <i>det1</i> Mutant Identify Elements of Flowering-Time and Light-Response Regulatory Pathways (1997)

Light regulation of seeding morphogenesis is mediated by photoreceptors that perceive red, far-red, blue and UV light. Photomorphogenetic mutants of Arabidopsis have identified several of the primary photoreceptors, as well as a set of negative regulators of seedling photomorphogenesis, including DET1, that appear to act downstream of the photoreceptors. To study the regulatory context in which DET1 acts to repress photomorphogenesis, we used a simple morphological screen to isolate extragenic mutations in six loci, designated ted (for reversal of the det phenotype), that partially or fully suppress the seeding morphological phenotype of det1-1. Genetic analyses indicate that mutations in the ted4 and ted5 loci identify new alleles of the previously described photomorphogenetic loci hy1 and hy5, respectively. Molecular analyses indicate that the ted mutations partially suppress the dark-grown gene expression phenotype of det1-1, and that the mechanism of suppression does not involve direct remediation of the splicing defect caused by the det1-1 mutation. The ted mutations also partially suppress the light-grown morphological phenotype of mature det1-1 plants, and ted1 and ted2 suppress a daylength insensitivity phenotype of det1. TED1, TED2 and TED3 are newly described genes, whose function appears closely associated with that of DET1. In addition, alleles of ted1 are associated with a moderate late-flowering phenotype, suggesting that TED1 plays a role in the pathways that regulate both seedling morphogenesis and the initiation of flowering.
Experimental evaluation of features for robust speaker identification (1994)

This correspondence presents an experimental evaluation of different features and channel compensation techniques for robust speaker identification. The goal is to keep all processing and classification steps constant and to vary only the features and compensations used to allow a controlled comparison. A general, maximum-likelihood classifier based on Gaussian mixture densities is used as the classifier, and experiments are conducted on the King speech database, a conversational, telephone-speech database. The features examined are mel-frequency and linear-frequency filterbank cepstral coefficients, linear prediction cepstral coefficients, and perceptual linear prediction (PLP) cepstral coefficients. The channel compensation techniques examined are cepstral mean removal, RASTA processing, and a quadratic trend removal technique. It is shown for this database that performance differences between the basic features is small, and the major gains are due to the channel compensation techniques. The best "across-the-divide" recognition accuracy of 92% is obtained for both high-order LPC features and band-limited filterbank features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Community-associated Methicillin-resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, Canada (2005)

A total of 184 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were collected from patients who sought treatment primarily for skin and soft tissue infections from January 1, 1999, to March 31, 2002, in east-central Saskatchewan, Canada. Molecular subtyping analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed 2 major clusters. Cluster A (n = 55) was composed of a multidrug-resistant MRSA strain associated with a long-term care facility and was similar to the previously reported nosocomial Canadian epidemic strain labeled CMRSA-2. Cluster B (n = 125) was associated with cases identified at community health centers and was indistinguishable from a community-associated (CA)-MRSA strain identified previously in the United States (USA400). Cluster B remained susceptible to a number of classes of antimicrobial agents and harbored the lukF-PV and lukS-PV toxin genes. Over 50% of both clonal groups displayed high-level resistance to mupirocin. This is the first report of the USA400 strain harboring the lukF-PV and lukS-PV toxin genes in Canada.