gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative stereochemistry in the aziridine ring openings of N-methylmitomycin A and 7-methoxy-1,2-(N-methylaziridino)mitosene (1977)

A useful method was found for the conversion of mitomycin C into N-methylmitomycin A. The latter compound gave only two products on acid hydrolysis, the cis- and trans-1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylaminomitosenes. This selectivity allowed the cis--trans ratio to be quantitatively determined as 4:1. Such a predominance of the cis isomer is unexpected in view of the trans stereochemistry obtained in the opening of simple aziridines. In order to determine if the 9a-methoxy group of mitomycins controlled the direction of aziridine ring opening 7-methoxy-1,2-(N-methylaziridino)mitosene, which lacks this substituent, was prepared and hydrolyzed in acid. It gave the same two products in a 3:1 cis-trans ratio. In the induction of lambda-bacteriophage in Escherichia coli cis-1-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methylaminomitosene was more active than the corresponding trans isomer, but both of these compounds were less active than the aziridinomitosene or the mitomycins. Mitomycin A, mitomycin C, and N-methylmitomycin A were active against P388 leukemia in mice.
Effect of the Position of Immobilization Upon the Tensile Properties in Injured Achilles Tendon of Rat (2013)

Dorsiflexion posture in partial ruptured Achilles tendon showed better functional recovery than other immobilized postures. In total ruptured case, the tensile properties showed increasing tendency in dorsiflexion posture.
Clinical experience with intravenous iron (2007)

SUMMARY Recently there has been an enormous tumult over the use of the erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents (ESAs) epoetin alfa and beta and darbepoetin alfa. Recommendations ranging from stopping their use in certain tumor types to withholding therapy until hemoglobin levels reach 9 g/dL or less have been proposed. These recommendations result from inconclusive and imbalanced trials favoring the placebo groups but which nonetheless raise significant concerns about the potential of ESAs to upregulate erythropoietin receptors on tumor cells. Therefore, there has never been a greater need to ensure that appropriate administration of intravenous iron is given with ESAs. In several published and soon‐to‐be‐published trials comparing adjuvant therapy with intravenous and oral iron, without exception intravenous iron improved hemoglobin and hematopoietic responses, shortened times to maximal response, decreased exposure to ESAs and provided huge cost savings. Furthermore, these benefits were independent of patients’ pretreatment iron parameters, such as serum ferritin, transferrin saturation and the presence or absence of bone marrow hemosiderin. Nonetheless, resistance to intravenous iron usage in oncology abounds. This resistance is due to misinformation and misinterpretation of the incidence and clinical nature of serious adverse events. Now that there are three safe intravenous iron preparations, a new paradigm incorporating intravenous iron to ESA therapy in oncology needs to be examined.
Evaluation in Japan (2005)

Two years have passed since the “Government Policy Evaluations Act” (GPEA) became effective in Japan on April 1, 2002. In that time, evaluation has been well accepted as an essential part of the policy management cycle at each ministry of the Japanese government. It is reported that evaluation results have been utilized for budget formulation by governmental ministries, and it is also observed that policies have been prioritized and, conversely, abolished based on the evaluation results. Other merits of introducing evaluation are that the so-called ‘policydiagram’ has been frequently developed at ministries, and policy goals havebecome more outcome-oriented with more quantitative measures. Now the Act is under discussion for amendment with some major points proposed for change.
Progress in the Preparation and Testing of Glycine Transporter Type-1 (GlyT1) Inhibitors (2006)

Clinically utilized antipsychotic agents share as a common mechanism the ability to antagonize dopamine D2 receptors and it is widely assumed that this activity contributes to their efficacy against the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The efficacy of currently marketed antipsychotic agents on the negative and cognitive symptoms of this disease, however, is not optimal. One alternate hypothesis to the "dopamine hypothesis" of schizophrenia derives from the observation that antagonists of NMDA receptor activity better mimic the symptomatology of schizophrenia in its entirety than do dopamine agonists. Findings from this line of research have led to the NMDA receptor hypofunction (or glutamate dysfunction) hypothesis of schizophrenia, which complements existing research implicating dopamine dysfunction in the disease. According to the NMDA receptor hypofunction hypothesis, any treatment that enhances NMDA receptor activity may prove useful for the treatment of the complex symptoms that define schizophrenia. This idea is now supported by numerous clinical studies that have reported an efficacious response following treatment with activators of the NMDA receptor co-agonist glycineB site. One area of study, aimed at potentiating the NMDA receptor via activation of the glycineB site is small molecule blockade of the glycine reuptake transporter type 1 (GlyT1). Broadly, these efforts have focused on derivatives of the substrate inhibitor, sarcosine, and non-sarcosine based GlyT1 inhibitors. Accordingly, the following review discusses the development of both sarcosine and non-sarcosine based GlyT1 inhibitors and their current status as putative treatments for schizophrenia and other disorders associated with NMDA receptor hypoactivity.
Exosomes (2010)

Exosomes are specialized membranous nano-sized vesicles derived from endocytic compartments that are released by many cell types. Microvesicles are distinctive from exosomes in that they are produced by shedding of the plasmamembrane and usually larger in size (>1 µm). Exosome biogenesis involves the tightly controlled process of inward budding from the limiting membrane of multivesicular bodies (MVBs). This results in numerous intraluminal vesicles in the lumen of MVBs that contain distinct protein repertoires. It has been suggested that microvesicles shed by certain tumor cells hold functional messenger RNA (mRNA) that may promote tumor progression. We discovered that purified exosomes contain functional microRNAs (miRNAs) and small RNA, but detected little mRNA. Although a clear and decisive distinction between microvesicles and exosomes cannot be made and different subsets of exosomes exist, we speculate that exosomes are specialized in carrying small RNA including the class 22-25 nucleotide regulatory miRNAs. To demonstrate this we developed a co-culture system and found that exosomes are continuously secreted and transferred from Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected cells to uninfected neighboring cells. Throughout exosome transfer, the exogenous EBV-encoded miRNAs were delivered to subcellular sites of miRNA-mediated gene repression. Additionally, we found evidence that mature miRNAs are transferred between circulating cells in humans, since we detected EBV-miRNAs in non-infected cells in the peripheral blood of patients that include monocytes and T cells. In this addendum we discuss these findings in the context of recently published papers that advanced our current knowledge of exosome physiology, (mi)RNA function and intercellular RNA transfer. Based on this information we propose that an intercellular (miRNA-based) mode of signal transmission may be well suited in controlling space-confined processes such as the initiation of immune responses in the secondary (peripheral) lymphoid tissues or in a tumor microenvironment. Deciphering the molecular mechanism(s) that control small RNA loading into exosomes and transfer to recipient cells in vitro will provide new evidence for the physiological relevance of vesicle-mediated intercellular communication in vivo.
A modular approach for ligand design for asymmetric allylic alkylations via enantioselective palladium-catalyzed ionizations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA modular approach for ligand design for asymmetric allylic alkylations via enantioselective palladium-catalyzed ionizationsBarry M. Trost, David L. Van Vranken, and Carsten BingelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 24, 9327–9343Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00050a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views5615Altmetric-Citations460LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (5 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous estimation of optical flow and motion parameters (2007)

To analyze the object's motion from images, the velocity and the motion parameters (scale of enlargement or shrinkage, angular velocity) must be required. The velocity in images can be obtained from the optical flow equation. However, it is not reasonable to calculate such motion parameters from the velocity estimated on the assumption that it translates. Therefore the motion parameters based on the optical flow may have systematic error. We propose a new algorithm that can estimate both optical flow and the motion parameters at the same time after scanning images only once.
Remerciements (2011)

Que soient remerciés le Centre de Recherches historiques de l’Ouest (laboratoire de l’Université du Maine) et l’Université du Maine dont le soutien financier a permis la publication de cet ouvrage. Ma reconnaissance va également à Messieurs Sébastien Angonnet et Jérémy Buard, techniciens de recherche (GREGUM) et à Monsieur Michel Guérard, qui ont réalisé les graphiques et les cartes de ce volume. Cet ouvrage est la version contractée et actualisée d’une thèse de doctorat dirigée par Élisabet...
A hybrid control framework for robust maneuver-based motion planning (2008)

We introduce a modeling framework for robustness of maneuver-based motion planning algorithms for nonlinear systems with symmetries. Our framework implements a hybrid controller that robustly combines motion primitives, which consist of trim trajectories and maneuvers, from a predefined library. The closed-loop system is viewed as a hybrid system with flows given by a differential equation, jumps given by a difference equation, and two sets where these dynamics are allowed. We show that our hybrid controller for implementation of motion planning algorithms confers to the closed-loop system robustness properties to a large class of perturbations.
Standardized Approach for ROI-Based Measurements of Proton Density Fat Fraction and R2* in the Liver (2017)

For improved reproducibility and repeatability of liver PDFF and R2* measurements, clinicians and researchers should sample as much area of the liver as possible using multiple large ROIs.
Elastic Fracture Mechanics Concepts for Interfacial Cracks (1988)

Elastic fracture mechanics concepts are reexamined for a crack on the interface between dissimilar solids. A derivation by function theory is given of the form of stress and displacement fields in the vicinity of the crack tip, equivalent to complete Williams expansions of both inner and outer (external to a nonlinear or contact zone) type. The complex stress intensity factor K associated with an elastic interface crack, for which contact is ignored, is discussed and, specifically, its validity as a crack tip characterizing parameter is noted for cases of small scale nonlinear material behavior and/or small scale contact zones at the crack tip. That is, similar values of K for two cracked bodies then imply similar states as the crack tip, so that conditions for crack growth can be phrased in terms of K reaching a critical failure locus in a complex plane. The maintenance of a similar state at a crack tip under change of crack length is shown to require alteration of both the magnitude and phase angle of a combined tension and shear loading. Some possible definitions of stress intensity factors KI and KII of classical type associated with interface cracks are discussed. Also, the scaling of interface crack tip plastic zone size with load under small scale yielding conditions is found to deviate from classical scaling, in proportion to the square of the applied load level, and dependences of the field on distance from the tip and on load phase angle are found to be linked together.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human plasma apolipoprotein B (1987)

A noncompetitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed for measuring total plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B using affinity purified polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Microtiter plates from different manufacturers were tested with regard to their IgG binding characteristics; only one plate yielded consistent coefficients of variation of less than 5%. The optimal plasma dilution in this assay was 1:3000. IgG anti-apoB antisera conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was used as a second antibody. p-Nitrophenyl phosphate was utilized as substrate for color development, and the absorbance (410 nm) was read utilizing an ELISA reader interfaced with a microcomputer for data processing. Plasma apoB levels in plasma have been determined in 1115 male and female participants in the Framingham Offspring Study. Mean (+/- SD) plasma concentrations were 89 +/- 28 mg/dl. Significant age and sex related differences in apoB levels were noted.
Thermally tuned glass Mach-Zehnder interferometer used as a polarization insensitive attenuator (1985)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. L. Jackel, J. J. Veselka, and S. P. Lyman, "Thermally tuned glass Mach-Zehnder interferometer used as a polarization insensitive attenuator," Appl. Opt. 24, 612-614 (1985) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Whole-Body Averaged Specific Absorption Rate Estimation Using a Personal, Distributed Exposimeter (2014)

For the first time, a body area network (BAN) is used to construct a personal, distributed exposimeter (PDE), which can measure the whole-body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wb</sub> ) in real life, together with the incident power density (S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inc</sub> ). The BAN consists of four textile antennas with integrated radio frequency receiver nodes tuned to the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) 900 downlink band. Calibration measurements at 942.5 MHz, using a human subject, are performed in an anechoic chamber. These are combined with numerical simulations to estimate both SAR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wb</sub> and Sinc from the averaged received power on the PDE. The PDE has 50% prediction intervals of 3 dB on Sinc and 3.3 dB on the SAR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wb</sub> , caused by the presence of the human body, whereas the best single textile antenna in our measurements exhibits PI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</sub> 's of 7.1 dB on S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inc</sub> and 5 dB on SAR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wb</sub> . Measurements using the PDE are carried out in Ghent, Belgium, during which a median S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">inc</sub> = 47 μW/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and SAR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">wb</sub> = 0.25 μW/kg are measured.
Application of Power Line Communication for Data Transmission Over PWM Network (2010)

In industrial applications, a feedback loop is used in order to transmit control and diagnostic informations from the motor back to the inverter. The implementation of such feedback loop requires the use of extra cabling between both sides and that may have length exceeding few hundred meters. In this paper, the motor feeder cable is used for data transmission instead of the separated extra cable by using the power line communication (PLC) technology. However, beside the fact that feeder cables are not designed for data transmission, they are also polluted by the inverter's outcome. Therefore, PLC modems developed for domestic applications may not be suitable. The aim of this study is to underline the possibility of communicating in such an environment. Limitations and difficulties that obstruct transmission are revealed. Also, possible solutions are discussed such as the use of a pulsewidth modulation filter in mean to overcome those limitations.
Lyn regulates BCR-ABL and Gab2 tyrosine phosphorylation and c-Cbl protein stability in imatinib-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia cells (2008)

Lyn kinase functions as a regulator of imatinib sensitivity in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells through an unknown mechanism. In patients who fail imatinib therapy but have no detectable BCR-ABL kinase mutation, we detected persistently activated Lyn kinase. In imatinib-resistant CML cells and patients, Lyn activation is BCR-ABL independent, it is complexed with the Gab2 and c-Cbl adapter/scaffold proteins, and it mediates persistent Gab2 and BCR-ABL tyrosine phosphorylation in the presence or absence of imatinib. Lyn silencing or inhibition is necessary to suppress Gab2 and BCR-ABL phosphorylation and to recover imatinib activity. Lyn also negatively regulates c-Cbl stability, whereas c-Cbl tyrosine phosphorylation is mediated by BCR-ABL. These results suggest that Lyn exists as a component of the BCR-ABL signaling complex and, in cells with high Lyn expression or activation, BCR-ABL kinase inhibition alone (imatinib) is not sufficient to fully disengage BCR-ABL-mediated signaling and suggests that BCR-ABL and Lyn kinase inhibition are needed to prevent or treat this form of imatinib resistance.
Engineering <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> S12 for Efficient Utilization of <scp>d</scp> -Xylose and <scp>l</scp> -Arabinose (2008)

The solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 was engineered to utilize xylose as a substrate by expressing xylose isomerase (XylA) and xylulokinase (XylB) from Escherichia coli. The initial yield on xylose was low (9% [g CDW g substrate(-1)], where CDW is cell dry weight), and the growth rate was poor (0.01 h(-1)). The main cause of the low yield was the oxidation of xylose into the dead-end product xylonate by endogenous glucose dehydrogenase (Gcd). Subjecting the XylAB-expressing P. putida S12 to laboratory evolution yielded a strain that efficiently utilized xylose (yield, 52% [g CDW g xylose(-1)]) at a considerably improved growth rate (0.35 h(-1)). The high yield could be attributed in part to Gcd inactivity, whereas the improved growth rate may be connected to alterations in the primary metabolism. Surprisingly, without any further engineering, the evolved D-xylose-utilizing strain metabolized l-arabinose as efficiently as D-xylose. Furthermore, despite the loss of Gcd activity, the ability to utilize glucose was not affected. Thus, a P. putida S12-derived strain was obtained that efficiently utilizes the three main sugars present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate: glucose, xylose, and arabinose. This strain will form the basis for a platform host for the efficient production of biochemicals from renewable feedstock.
Ras Is Involved in Gap Junction Closure in Proliferating Fibroblasts or Preadipocytes but Not in Differentiated Adipocytes (1996)

A decrease in gap junctional, intercellular communication (GJIC) has been associated with cells neoplastically transformed by a variety of factors. To investigate the role of the Ras oncogene product in gap junction function, a panel of murine C3H10T1/2 (10T1/2) fibroblasts was constructed in which the levels of ras gene expression could be effectively up- or down-regulated. Intercellular communication was measured using a novel technique of in situ electroporation of adherent cells on a partly conductive slide. The introduction of increasing amounts of activated Ras(leu61) in mouse 10T1/2 fibroblasts proportionally reduced GJIC, while the downregulation of endogenous c-ras gene expression increased junctional permeability. These results indicate that Ras plays an important role in the junction closure pathway leading to the proliferation of normal cells. However, differentiation of c-Ras-deficient preadipocytes entirely abolished their initially extensive GJIC, indicating that junction closure in response to adipocytic differentiation is independent of Ras.
Midlife Blood Pressure, Plasma β-Amyloid, and the Risk for Alzheimer Disease (2012)

β-Amyloid (Aβ), a vasoactive protein, and elevated blood pressure (BP) levels are associated with Alzheimer disease (AD) and possibly vascular dementia. We investigated the joint association of midlife BP and Aβ peptide levels with the risk for late-life AD and vascular dementia. Subjects were 667 Japanese-American men (including 73 with a brain autopsy), from the prospective Honolulu Heart Program/Honolulu Asia Aging Study (1965-2000). Midlife BP was measured starting in 1971 in participants with a mean age of 58 years; Aβ was measured in specimens collected in 1980-1982, and assessment of dementia and autopsy collection started in 1991-1993. The outcome measures were prevalent (present in 1991-1993) and incident AD (n=53, including 38 with no contributing cardiovascular disease) and vascular dementia (n=24). Cerebral amyloid angiopathy, β-amyloid neuritic plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles were evaluated in postmortem tissue. The risk for AD significantly increased with lower levels of plasma Aβ (Aβ1-40 hazard ratio: 2.1 [95% CI: 1.4 to 3.1]; Aβ1-42 hazard ratio: 1.6 [95% CI: 1.1 to 2.3]). Evidence of interaction between diastolic BP and plasma Aβ (1-40 P(interaction)<0.05; 1-42 P(interaction)<0.07) levels indicated that the Aβ-related risk for AD was higher when BP was higher. Low plasma Aβ was associated with the presence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (P(trend)<0.05) but not the other neuropathologies. Aβ plasma levels start decreasing ≥15 years before AD is diagnosed, and the association of Aβ to AD is modulated by midlife diastolic BP. Elevated BP may compromise vascular integrity leading to cerebral amyloid angiopathy and impaired Aβ clearance from the brain.