gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arc-consistency in dynamic CSPs is no more prohibitive (2005)

Constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs) are widely used in Artificial Intelligence. The problem of the existence of a solution in a CSP being NP-complete, filtering techniques and particularly arc-consistency are essential. They remove some local inconsistencies and so make the search easier. Since many problems in AI require a dynamic environment, the model was extended to dynamic CSPs (DCSPs) and some incremental arc-consistency algorithms were proposed. However, all of them have important drawbacks. DnAC-4 has an expensive worst-case space complexity and a bad average time complexity. AC/DC has a non-optimal worst-case time complexity which prevents from taking advantage of its good space complexity. The algorithm we present in this paper has both lower space requirements and better time performances than DnAC-4 while keeping an optimal worst case time complexity.
A fiber-based implantable multi-optrode array with contiguous optical and electrical sites (2013)

The optrode array reduces the distance between the optical stimulating sites and electrophysiological sites dramatically and can supply multiple channels to guide different lights simultaneously. This optrode with its novel structure may lead to a different kind of optical neural control prosthetic device, opening up a new option for neural modulation in the brain.
Design of catalytic substrates for uniform graphene films: from solid-metal to liquid-metal (2015)

The controllable synthesis of uniform graphene with a specific layer number is crucial for both fundamental research and emerging applications due to the high sensitivity of the various extraordinary physicochemical properties of graphene to its layer numbers. However, the excessive segregation of extra C, the inactivation of the self-limiting of Cu and the superabundant nucleation at grain boundaries and defect sites render that the controllable synthesis of uniform graphene is still a challenge. By the employment of various solid and liquid metals with quasi-atomically smooth surfaces to avoid defects or grain boundaries, a series of studies have been performed and significant improvements have been achieved in the controllable synthesis of uniform graphene films. In this review, the representative strategies of designing catalytic substrates, including polycrystalline metals, single-crystalline metals, binary metal alloys and liquid metals, are highlighted. The future of the controllable synthesis of uniform graphene is also discussed.
Structure of trichodiene synthase from <i>Fusarium sporotrichioides</i> provides mechanistic inferences on the terpene cyclization cascade (2001)

The x-ray crystal structure of recombinant trichodiene synthase from Fusarium sporotrichioides has been determined to 2.5-A resolution, both unliganded and complexed with inorganic pyrophosphate. This reaction product coordinates to three Mg(2+) ions near the mouth of the active site cleft. A comparison of the liganded and unliganded structures reveals a ligand-induced conformational change that closes the mouth of the active site cleft. Binding of the substrate farnesyl diphosphate similarly may trigger this conformational change, which would facilitate catalysis by protecting reactive carbocationic intermediates in the cyclization cascade. Trichodiene synthase also shares significant structural similarity with other sesquiterpene synthases despite a lack of significant sequence identity. This similarity indicates divergence from a common ancestor early in the evolution of terpene biosynthesis.
The distribution of cattle in Uganda (1968)

The distribution of cattle in Uganda shows marked regional contrasts. Heavy concentrations border areas almost devoid of cattle. Although disease excludes cattle from approximately one third of the land area of Uganda, the pattern over the remaining two thirds cannot be explained by reference to physical factors alone. Over southern Uganda differing cultural attitudes to cattle strongly influence the distribution, whilst to the north, the distribution of cattle reflects most strongly the pattern of human population. In parts of the country seasonal changes occur, and in other areas marked changes of a more long term nature have been recorded.
Benzethonium Chloride: A Novel Anticancer Agent Identified by Using a Cell-Based Small-Molecule Screen (2006)

This high-throughput screening identified a novel antimicrobial compound with significant broad-spectrum anticancer activity.
Metabolic and genetic engineering of Escherichia coli for the production of nonulosonic acid sugars (2010)

Microbial fermentation has proven to be a valuable and essential method for producing both high-value low-volume products such as pharmaceuticals and low-value high-volume goods, e.g., fuels and nutraceuticals. Compared to other industrial processes, the scalability, low-cost and green chemistry associated with Escherichia coli -based fermentation has driven it into the forefront of bioprocess engineering. Indeed, this bacterium is a vital recombinant microorganism for accessing not only common bioproducts such as amino acids and sugars, but is a source of more structurally complex, pharmaceutical-precursors, including 6-deoxyerythronolide B and artemisinic acid. Through metabolic and genetic engineering approaches presented herein, we were able to construct E. coli strains that could biosynthesize and produce the non-native, nonulosonic acid sugars, sialic acid and pseudaminic acid. These nine-carbon keto acids perform unique, key cellular functions, making them highly sought after in the medical and biotechnological industries. In addition, with the limited access to the nonulosonates via enzymatic synthesis, advancements in the basic research on the biochemistry and physiology of these sugars remains hindered. To increase the availability of these compounds, fully functional, biosynthetic pathways for sialic and pseudaminic acid were constructed and successfully expressed in E. coli. However, optimal production of either sugar required inimitable modifications to E. coli 's amino sugar metabolism for maximizing carbon flow into the desired nonulosonate and obtaining industrial-relevant titers. Known as an industrial workhorse, the E. coli processes developed herein will serve as valuable platforms for accessing nonulosonic sugars and their derivatives.
Acylation-coupled lipophilic induction of polarisation (Acyl-cLIP): a universal assay for lipid transferase and hydrolase enzymes (2019)

Posttranslational attachment of lipids to proteins is important for many cellular functions, and the enzymes responsible for these modifications are implicated in many diseases, from cancer to neurodegeneration. Lipid transferases and hydrolases are increasingly tractable therapeutic targets, but present unique challenges for high-throughput biochemical enzyme assays which hinder development of new inhibitors. We present Acylation-coupled Lipophilic Induction of Polarisation (Acyl-cLIP) as the first universally applicable biochemical lipidation assay, exploiting the hydrophobic nature of lipidated peptides to drive a polarised fluorescence readout. Acyl-cLIP allows sensitive, accurate, real-time measurement of <i>S</i>- or <i>N</i>-palmitoylation, <i>N</i>-myristoylation, <i>S</i>-farnesylation or <i>S</i>-geranylgeranylation. Furthermore, it is applicable to transfer and hydrolysis reactions, and we demonstrate its extension to a high-throughput screening format. We anticipate that Acyl-cLIP will greatly expedite future drug discovery efforts against these challenging targets.
CD44v8-10 Is a Cancer-Specific Marker for Gastric Cancer Stem Cells (2014)

The surface marker CD44 has been identified as one of several markers associated with cancer stem cells (CSC) in solid tumors, but its ubiquitous expression in many cell types, including hematopoietic cells, has hindered its use in targeting CSCs. In this study, 28 paired primary tumor and adjacent nontumor gastric tissue samples were analyzed for cell surface protein expression. Cells that expressed pan-CD44 were found to occur at significantly higher frequency in gastric tumor tissues. We identified CD44v8-10 as the predominant CD44 variant expressed in gastric cancer cells and verified its role as a gastric CSC marker by limiting dilution and serial transplantation assays. Parallel experiments using CD133 failed to enrich for gastric CSCs. Analyses of another 26 primary samples showed significant CD44v8-10 upregulation in gastric tumor sites. Exogenous expression of CD44v8-10 but not CD44 standard (CD44s) increased the frequency of tumor initiation in immunocompromised mice. Reciprocal silencing of total CD44 resulted in reduced tumor-initiating potential of gastric cancer cells that could be rescued by CD44v8-10 but not CD44s expression. Our findings provide important functional evidence that CD44v8-10 marks human gastric CSCs and contributes to tumor initiation, possibly through enhancing oxidative stress defense. In addition, we showed that CD44v8-10 expression is low in normal tissues. Because CD44 also marks CSCs of numerous human cancers, many of which may also overexpress CD44v8-10, CD44v8-10 may provide an avenue to target CSCs in other human cancers.
Differentiation of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Candida dubliniensis</i> by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization with Peptide Nucleic Acid Probes (2001)

The recent discovery of Candida dubliniensis as a separate species that traditionally has been identified as Candida albicans has led to the development of a variety of biochemical and molecular methods for the differentiation of these two pathogenic yeasts. rRNA sequences are well-established phylogenetic markers, and probes targeting species-specific rRNA sequences have been used in diagnostic assays for the detection and identification of microorganisms. Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA mimic with improved hybridization characteristics, and the neutral backbone of PNA probes offers significant advantages in whole-cell in situ hybridization assays. In this study, we developed PNA probes targeting the rRNAs of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis and applied them to a fluorescence in situ hybridization method (PNA FISH) for differentiation between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis. Liquid cultures were smeared onto microscope slides, heat fixed, and then hybridized for 30 min. Unhybridized PNA probe was removed by washing, and smears were examined by fluorescence microscopy. Evaluation of the PNA FISH method using smears of 79 C. dubliniensis and 70 C. albicans strains showed 100% sensitivity and 100% specificity for both PNA probes. We concluded that PNA FISH is a powerful tool for the differentiation of C. albicans and C. dubliniensis.
Application of the Photocatalytic Chemistry of Titanium Dioxide to Disinfection and the Killing of Cancer Cells (1999)

Abstract This article will review the work that has been published on disinfection and the killing of cancer cells using photocatalytic chemistry with titanium dioxide (TiO2). This is an application of photocatalytic chemistry that has been under active investigation since 1985. Because the nature of the research is such that it brings together disparate disciplines, this review provides background on photocatalytic chemistry, fundamental characteristics of target organisms, potential applications, and the toxicology of titanium dioxide. Literature identified in searches done through September 1998 is included.
Research on On-Board Geometric Information Measurement System of Road Restricting (2015)

This article developed an on-board road restrictions geometric information measurement system, it is based on the principle of binocular stereo vision. This thesis complete the stereo camera calibration, finished the establishment of stereo camera model. According to the characteristics of the bridges and tunnels' lower edge, this thesis proposes a bridge detection method based on vehicle vision. The results show that, the system has good real-time performance and high reliability, can effectively reduce the traffic accident like wedging or hitting bridges caused by over-height vehicles.
Romidepsin: a new therapy for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and a potential therapy for solid tumors (2010)

Romidepsin is a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDI), approved by the US FDA for the treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Although various mechanisms have been proposed for the activity of HDIs, including induction of genes controlling cell cycle, acetylation of cytoplasmic proteins and direct induction of apoptosis, the mechanism underlying activity of romidepsin and other HDIs in CTCL is not known. Romidepsin induces long-lasting responses. The side-effect profile is similar to that of other HDIs, causing fatigue, nausea and thrombocytopenia. Management of the CTCL population requires vigilence to prevent infection with skin contaminants, and monitoring of potassium and magnesium, electrolytes found to be low in a large proportion of patients. Electrocardiographic (ECG) changes are common but are not associated with myocardial damage. When molecular end points were evaluated in 61 patients enrolled on a Phase II trial with romidepsin, response was associated with persistence of acetylated histone H3, suggesting that drug exposure is important in effective therapy with romidepsin. Future studies will endeavor to identify combination strategies to increase the efficacy both in resistant CTCL and in solid tumors and to identify biomarkers of response that will allow selection of patients most likely to benefit from the therapy.
A tunable narrow band optical filter. (1947)

Previously, polarization filters have been designed which have an aperture of several centimeters and a transmission band only a fraction of an Angstrom wide. In this paper, an improvement on such a filter will be discussed which makes it possible to use electrical controls to set the passband at any point over a considerable range. The active elements of the filter consist of a series of plates of a crystal of high electrooptic coefficient which are paired with the customary filter elements. The passband can be shifted in a fraction of a millisecond. It is proposed that the filter be used to study that component of the motion of solar prominences which lies along the line of sight. Iii this application, the filter would be combined with a Lyot type coronograph. Photographs would be taken every few minutes with the filter peaked at Hot, Hot ~ 2' A, Hot t I A, etc. From the Doppler shift, the velocity along the line of sight of various parts of a prominence could then be determined and from a series of such velocity determinations the actual position of the prominence could be calculated. Research Laboratorses, Polaroid Corporation, Cambridge, Mass.
[Main reactions in anaerobic ammonium oxidation reactor under organic carbon condition]. (2006)

The main reactions occurred was studied in five ASBRs (1-5) which had run at steady ANAMMOX. The organic carbon condition was kept up by means of the addition of glucose in the wastewater. The results reveal that aerobic nitrifing bacteria, denitnifying bacteria and ANAMMOX bacteria could coexist, and the aerobic nitrification reaction, the ANAMMOX reaction and the denitrification reaction could occur according to certain order in the reactors. The optimal ANAMMOX performance was achieved in reactor 1 which C/NH4+ -N was 1.7. On hour 41, COD removal, NH4+ -N removal and NO2- -N removal in reactor 1 were 100%, 81.7% and 74.4%, respectively.
Special Edition Using HTML 4 (1998)

Special Edition Using HTML 4 clearly defines the HTML language in its present form. By honing in on the daily realities of site design needs, the superfluous elements of the language are set aside, and real-world solutions are provided in a clear and concise fashion. You will learn which tools are best, how to code HTML, and the basic principles of Web publishing and graphic design. You will also learn how to take your sites into the next millennium with highly interactive and competitive technologies, including secure transactions, databases, audio and video, and practical programming techniques.
Occupation, Cadmium Exposure, and Prostate Cancer (1990)

A population-based case-control study was used to investigate associations between prostate cancer and cadmium exposure, longest industry held, and longest occupation held. The study included 358 men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer and 679 control men identified from the Utah population. Occupational exposures to cadmium were ascertained from self-reported data, through several a priori suspect industries and occupations, through an occupation-exposure linkage system, and through dietary food frequency questionnaires. Overall, cadmium exposure appeared to result in a small increased relative risk for prostate cancer, most apparent for aggressive tumors (OR = 1.7, CI = 1.0-3.1 for any occupational exposure, high dietary intake, or smoking cigarettes). Cases were more likely to have worked in the following industries: mining, paper and wood, medicine and science, and entertainment and recreation. Among men younger than 67, cases were also more likely to have worked in the food and tobacco industries (OR = 3.6, CI = 1.0-12.8). Cases were less likely to have worked in industries involved with glass, clay and stone, or rubber, plastics, and synthetics. Men employed as janitors and in other building service occupations showed increased relative risk for aggressive tumors (OR = 7.0, CI = 2.5-19.6). Agricultural occupations did not appear to be related to prostate cancer, although an increased relative risk for aggressive tumors was detected among younger men (OR = 2.6, CI = 0.6-12.1).
Evidence for functional sodium and calcium ion channels in the membrane of cultured cardiomyocytes of the adult rat (1983)

Characteristics are reported for electrical activity of adult rat cardiomyocytes in long-term primary culture. Cells in vitro for 12 to 28 days have mean membrane potential of -53 mV, are electrically excitable, and some are spontaneously contractile. The action potential of these cells has a slow rate of depolarization and is abolished by methoxyverapamil (D-600) but not by tetrodotoxin (TTX). When cells are hyperpolarized by passage of an inward current, spontaneous action potentials cease and action potentials evoked by depolarizing pulses are then TTX sensitive. Fetal bovine serum is a constituent of the culture medium. Its temporary removal causes spontaneous contractility to cease but the cells remain electrically excitable.
Anomalous weight reduction on a gyroscope’s right rotations around the vertical axis on the Earth (1989)

Each weight change of three spinning mechanical gyroscopes whose rotor's masses are 140, 175, and 176 g has been measured in inertial rotations without systematic errors. The experiments show that the weight changes on rotations around the vertical axis are completely asymmetrical: The right rotations (spin vector pointing downwards) cause weight decrease of the order of milligrams (weight), proportional to the frequency of rotations at 3 000--13 000 rpm. However, the left rotations do not cause any change in weight.
Precision Capacitor Ratio Measurement Technique for Integrated Circuit Capacitor Arrays (1979)

The recent development of integrated circuit capacitor arrays and the growth of their applications have resulted in a need to perform precision testing as an aid to future design improvements. For reasons discussed in this paper, laboratory instruments such as capacitance bridges are not well-suited to this need. In order to test capacitor arrays accurately, a novel technique has been developed. It is based on a special algorithm in which the capacitor array is used as a precision voltage divider. A capacitor array tester consisting of both hardware and software has been built which executes this algorithm. This system has been used to perform measurements upon a large number (thousands) of NMOS and CMOS capacitor arrays. The standard deviation of this tester's measurement error is approximately 0.0009 percent of full scale (0.0088 LSB referenced to 10 bits). In contrast with manual testing with a capacitance bridge (requiring 10 min per array), the tester requires less than 5 s to fully test an array, mark the circuit and move to the next die position.
Open Hole Multi-Stage Completion System in Unconventional Plays: Efficiency, Effectiveness and Economics (2013)

Abstract During the past decade, the combination of hydraulic fracturing and horizontal wells, has proven to be the key, to the unlocking of unconventional plays across North America and elsewhere. This efficiency has been accomplished by using two very distinct completion approaches: the Plug and Perf. method and the Open Hole Multi Stage (OHMS) completion system (typically ball activated fracturing ports). The OHMS completion system has in general been applied to carefully selected fields and has not yet gained wider acceptance, across the industry, as a viable alternative to the more popular and extensively utilised Plug and Perf approach. This resistance to change and the reluctance to consider alternative completion approaches, are due to a number of factors, many of which reflect an operational comfort zone from which there is a hesitancy to stray. Often the disadvantages of the OHMS approach may be overemphasized, while the associated advantages are not suitably considered and vice versa for the Plug and Perf approach. Case histories from a number of North American unconventional plays, for example the Red Oak, the Cotton Valley and the Granite Wash, will be both presented and analyzed. This analysis will focus on a number of aspects, including the hydraulic fracturing treatments, the operational efficiencies, the cost effectiveness and the overall risk reduction aspects of the OHMS vs. the Plug and Perf approaches.
To prophy or not to prophy? That is the question (2013)

Prophylaxis; it means prevention or at least preventative. We apply the term to the polish that we use to finish the scale and, as the term suggests, polish. What is it and why do we use it? Indeed the question can be raised should we be using it at all when it can be damaging to the hard tissues of the teeth
A Study on the Effect of the Information System Audit Fidelity on the Customer Satisfaction and Project Performance (2006)

Serum SFRP5 levels are significantly associated with CAD in humans, suggesting that low SFRP5 levels may contribute to CAD.