gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of Selected Fastidious Bacteria (2000)

The intent of this article is to describe the optimal methods for culture recovery of 7 fastidious bacteria: Legionella species, Brucella species, Francisella tularensis, Leptospira species, Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella species, and Bordetella species. These organisms share much in common beyond the fact that their genus names all end in the letter "a." Culture recovery of these organisms, even from adequate clinical specimens, is logistically demanding, often costly, and lacking in both timeliness and sensitivity. In addition, there is generally no need to recover culture isolates on which to perform antimicrobial susceptibility tests because these 7 bacteria are nearly uniformly susceptible to specific, clinically useful antimicrobial agents and because, for some of them, susceptibility tests of proven reliability have not yet been devised. Perhaps for these reasons, alternative, more rapid, direct diagnostic approaches have been developed that are based on either immunochemical or nucleic-acid detection methods. These methods have generally served to supplant culture as a primary diagnostic modality. Situations exist, however, in which culture may be desirable, if not necessary, to establish a definitive diagnosis of infection with these 7 organisms. This review attempts to summarize how best to proceed in those cases.
Interrogating androgen receptor function in recurrent prostate cancer. (2003)

The early androgen-dependent (AD) phase of prostate cancer is dependent on the androgen receptor (AR). However, it is unclear whether AR is fully functional in recurrent prostate cancer after androgen withdrawal. To address this issue we interrogated AR signaling in AD and recurrent prostate cancer xenografts using molecular imaging, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemistry. In the imaging experiments, an adenovirus bearing a two-step transcriptional activation cassette, which amplifies AR-dependent firefly luciferase reporter gene activity, was injected into tumors implanted into severe combined immunodeficiency mice. A charge-coupled device optical imaging system detected the initial loss and then resumption of AR transcriptional activity in D-luciferin-injected mice as tumors transitioned from AD to recurrent growth. The results of chromatin immunoprecipitation and immunohistochemical localization experiments correlated with the Ad two-step transcriptional activation imaging signal. AR localized to the nucleus and bound to the endogenous prostate-specific antigen enhancer in AD tumors but exited the nucleus and dissociated from the enhancer upon castration. However, AR reentered the nucleus and rebound the prostate-specific antigen enhancer as the cancer transitioned into the recurrent phase. Surprisingly, RNA polymerase II and the general factor TFIIB remained bound to the gene throughout the transition. Our data support the concept that AR is fully functional in recurrent cancer and suggest a model by which a poised but largely inactive transcription complex facilitates reactivation by AR at castrate levels of ligand.
Efficient<i>N</i>-Arylation and<i>N</i>-Alkenylation of the Five DNA/RNA Nucleobases (2006)

A general approach to N-arylation and N-alkenylation of all five DNA/RNA nucleobases at the nitrogen atom normally attached to the sugar moiety in DNA or RNA has been developed. Various protected or masked nucleobases engaged readily in the copper-mediated Chan-Lam-Evans-modified Ullmann condensation with a range of different boronic acids at room temperature and were subsequently converted to the corresponding deprotected or unmasked adducts. Different N(3)-protecting groups were examined in the case of thymine, where the benzoyl group afforded the highest yields. A 4-alkylthio-substituted pyrimidin-2(1H)-one served as both a cytosine and a uracil precursor and was N-arylated and N-alkenylated in high yields. Adenine was efficiently and selectively N-arylated and N-alkenylated at the N(9) position by employing a bis-Boc-protected adenine derivative, while a bis-Boc-protected 2-amino-6-chloropurine served as guanine precursor and could also be selectively N(9)-arylated and N(9)-alkenylated.
Reflections on the ethics of capitalism (1985)

(1985). Reflections on the ethics of capitalism. Forum for Social Economics: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 19-27.
Effects of increasing temperatures on physiological changes in pigs at different relative humidities1 (2005)

The effects of relative humidity (RH) and high ambient temperature (T) on physiological responses and animal performance were studied using 12 groups (10 gilts per group) in pens inside respiration chambers. The microclimate in the chamber was programmed so that T remained constant within a day. Each day, the T was increased by 2 degrees C from low (16 degrees C) to high (32 degrees C). Relative humidity was kept constant at 50, 65, or 80%. The pigs' average initial BW was 61.7 kg (58.0 to 65.5 kg), and their average ending BW was 70.2 kg (65.9 to 74.7 kg). Respiration rate (RR), evaporative water (EW), rectal temperature (RT), skin temperature (ST), voluntary feed intake (VFI), water-to-feed ratio (rW:F), heat production (HP), and ADG were analyzed. The animals had free access to feed and water. We determined the T above which certain animal variables started to change: the so-called inflection point temperature (IPt) or "upper critical temperature." The first indicator of reaction, RR, was in the range from 21.3 to 23.4 degrees C. Rectal temperature was a delayed indicator of heat stress tolerance, with IPt values ranging from 24.6 to 27.1 degrees C. For both these indicators the IPt was least at 80% RH (P < 0.05). Heat production and VFI were decreased above IPt of 22.9 and 25.5 degrees C, respectively (P < 0.001). For each degree Celsius above IPt, the VFI was decreased by 81, 99, and 106 g/(pig.d) in treatments 50, 65, and 80% RH, respectively. The ADG was greatest at 50% RH (P < 0.05). Ambient temperature strongly affects the pigs' physiological changes and performance, whereas RH has a relatively minor effect on heat stress in growing pigs; however, the combination of high T and high RH lowered the ADG in pigs. The upper critical temperature can be considered to be the IPt above which VFI decreased and RT then increased. Temperatures of the magnitude of both these IPt are regularly measured in commercial pig houses. We conclude that the upper critical temperatures for 60-kg, group-housed pigs fed ad libitum are between 21.3 and 22.4 degrees C for RR, between 22.9 and 25.5 degrees C for HP and VFI, and between 24.6 and 27.1 degrees C for RT. It is clear that different physiological and productive measurements of group-housed, growing-finishing pigs have different critical temperatures.
523. Experiments on the synthesis of purine nucleosides. Part XXVI. 9-D-Glucopyranosidoisoguanine (1949)

K. J. M. Andrews, N. Anand, A. R. Todd and A. Topham, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 2490 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490002490
Magnetostrictive torque sensor performance-nonlinear analysis (1989)

The effects on performance of magnetostrictive torque sensors due to nonlinear properties of magnetic materials are analyzed. A solution for the nonlinear problem is described. For constant magnetomotive force (constant current) excitation, nonlinear effects dramatically reduce the predicted output signal of the sensor from that computed using linear models. Saturation and the subsequent fall-off of a sensor signal as excitation current is increased are predicted and agree well with experimental results. The sensor signal continually increases with the increase of excitation frequency. As is shown, this gain must be balanced against growing problems of sensor signal-to-noise ratio, surface-localized noise, and requirements for higher-power/higher-voltage excitation sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development and Evaluation of a New Method for the Determination of the Carotenoid Content in Selected Vegetables by HPLC and HPLC--MS--MS (2000)

Epidemologic studies have shown inverse correlation between the consumption of carotenoid-rich vegetables and the incidence of cancer. Therefore, analytical techniques for the quantitative determination of carotenoids in complex sample matrices are important. The most used method is reversed-phase (RP)-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In this study, seventeen mobile-phase systems described in the literature and six RP-HPLC columns with differences in particle size and porosity are evaluated. Derived from these results, a new mobile-phase (acetonitrile, methanol, chloroform, and n-heptane) including solvent modifiers is presented, which allows an improved and more efficient separation of carotenoids. From all columns tested, the best chromatographic parameters are found using a silica C18 column (250 x 2 mm, 5 microm, 100 A). As was found, absorbance detection at 450 nm allows the determination of the carotenoids down to the picogram range with good linearity (R2 > 0.98). For the identification and quantitation of carotenoids in complex sample matrices (containing additionally other ultraviolet-absorbing compounds), the optimized RP chromatographic system is coupled to a mass spectrometer (MS) using an atmospheric pressure ionization interface. The calibration plots show high linearity (R2 > 0.99), and the detection limit is found in the lower nanogram range. Furthermore, collision-induced dissociation in the ion source allows for the identification of carotenoids by their characteristic fragmentation pathways. In this study, a total of nine species of vegetables commonly consumed in Central Europe are analyzed for their contents of carotenoids (namely lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, and beta-carotene) by RP-HPLC and RP-HPLC-MS-MS. It is found that good sources for lutein are spinach, kale, and broccoli, and sources for beta-carotene are broccoli, spinach, kale, carrots, and tomatoes. This new method is an improvement for the identification and quantitation of carotenoids in complex biological tissues.
On the Design and Analysis of the Privacy-Preserving SVM Classifier (2010)

The support vector machine (SVM) is a widely used tool in classification problems. The SVM trains a classifier by solving an optimization problem to decide which instances of the training data set are support vectors, which are the necessarily informative instances to form the SVM classifier. Since support vectors are intact tuples taken from the training data set, releasing the SVM classifier for public use or shipping the SVM classifier to clients will disclose the private content of support vectors. This violates the privacy-preserving requirements for some legal or commercial reasons. The problem is that the classifier learned by the SVM inherently violates the privacy. This privacy violation problem will restrict the applicability of the SVM. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been work extending the notion of privacy preservation to tackle this inherent privacy violation problem of the SVM classifier. In this paper, we exploit this privacy violation problem, and propose an approach to postprocess the SVM classifier to transform it to a privacy-preserving classifier which does not disclose the private content of support vectors. The postprocessed SVM classifier without exposing the private content of training data is called Privacy-Preserving SVM Classifier (abbreviated as PPSVC). The PPSVC is designed for the commonly used Gaussian kernel function. It precisely approximates the decision function of the Gaussian kernel SVM classifier without exposing the sensitive attribute values possessed by support vectors. By applying the PPSVC, the SVM classifier is able to be publicly released while preserving privacy. We prove that the PPSVC is robust against adversarial attacks. The experiments on real data sets show that the classification accuracy of the PPSVC is comparable to the original SVM classifier.
Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Chiral Phosphonamide Anions to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds. A Versatile Method for Vicinally Substituted Chirons (2000)

Reactions of anions derived from chiral nonracemic allyl, crotyl, and cinnamyl bicyclic C(2)-symmetrical phosphonamides with alpha, beta-unsaturated cyclic ketones, esters, lactones, and lactams take place at the gamma-position of the reagents. The products are diastereomerically pure or enriched beta-substituted carbonyl compounds. The method also provides easy access to vicinal substitution of as many as three stereogenic centers including in some cases quaternary carbon atoms, in a one-pot sequence.
Identification of novel deletion regions on chromosome arms 2q and 6p in breast carcinomas by amplotype analysis (2001)

DNA fingerprinting by arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) was employed to identify molecular genetic alterations in 37 primary breast carcinomas. AP-PCR is a PCR-based technique that uses only one primer of arbitrary sequence that generates a molecular karyotype (amplotype) of tumors. The breast cancer amplotype generated with two arbitrary primers (MCG1 and Blue) showed a relatively high frequency (more than 20% of the tumors) of gains at chromosomes 1, 4, and 8, and of losses at chromosomes 2, 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 13, and the X chromosome. We further analyzed the regions most commonly gained at chromosome 8 (47%) and lost at chromosomes 2 (38%) and 6 (49%) by determining the subchromosomal localization of the fingerprint bands from these chromosomes. The region of gain at chromosome 8 was mapped at 8q24.1, close to MYC. Band MCG1-A1 was assigned to chromosome band 2q22, and band Blue-J was assigned to 6p21. Common losses of these chromosomal regions have not been described for breast cancer. To map these deletion regions more precisely, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis by microallelotyping on 20 of the 37 cancers previously analyzed by AP-PCR and another additional 52 breast carcinomas. The results suggest that the regions at 2q21–24 and 6p21–23 may harbor novel tumor suppressor genes for breast cancer. LOH at 2q21–24 (D2S2304) was more frequent in high-grade tumors (59%) than in low-grade tumors (29%) (P = 0.03). This suggests that this genetic alteration may be associated with tumor progression and shows the power of the amplotype approach in detecting novel genetic alterations that are useful as clinical parameters of breast cancer. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BLIND EQUALIZATION FOR FQPSK AND FQAM SYSTEMS IN MULTIPATH FREQUENCY SELECTIVE FADING CHANNELS (1999)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Non-insulin-dependent diabetic microangiopathy in the inner ear (1999)

NIDDM alone does not cause statistically significant basement membrane thickening; however, NIDDM in combination with obesity and/or noise exposure did show significant thickening and the combination of all three showed the greatest thickening. NIDDM appeared to be the greatest contributing factor.
Mirror system for the German x-ray satellite ABRIXAS: I. Flight mirror fabrication, integration, and testing (1998)

The tight ABRIXAS program schedule requires 250 mirror shells to be produced, checked and accepted within one year. This means that the fabrication processes have to be fully understood and kept completely under control. This applies mainly for the major production steps, like gold-coating of the mandrels, Nickel electroforming, mirror shells release from the mandrels and mirror shells testing and acceptance. We will report about the way how we tackled these technical and logistic challenges. Another important step for the optical performance of ABRIXAS Mirror Modules is the integration of the 27 mirror shells in the structural parts. This process requires high skill and good control means, like optical collimator, CCD camera and sophisticated analysis tools in order to achieve optimal-co-alignment of the 27 mirror shells axes and best confocality. This is guaranteed by dedicated test-facilities and sophisticated analyses software. We will report about the results obtained on integrated single mirrors shells as well as on the assembly of all 27 mirror shells.
Catalysis in biodiesel production—a review (2018)

Abstract Catalysts play a significant role in transesterification of vegetable oils. Currently, chemical and biological catalysts are being investigated, and both have their inherent merits and demerits. In large-scale applications, these catalysts are expected to be cost effective and environmentally friendly. If the catalyst is homogeneous in its physical form it is more effective than is the heterogeneous catalyst, but its separation from the mixture is a major issue. Some of the heterogeneous catalysts suffer leaching in harsh reaction conditions. Of late, nanocatalysts that demonstrate high efficiency are being studed. Nanoparticles are used in biological catalysts as solid carriers for lipase immobilization. Lipase immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles has proved to be a versatile biocatalyst for biodiesel production. This article reviews the role of various catalytic systems commonly used in the transesterification reaction of oils in biodiesel generation.
Millimeter-wave modulated optical signal generation with high spectral purity and wide-locking bandwidth using a fiber-integrated optical injection phase-lock loop (2000)

We report the first experimental demonstration of millimeter-wave modulated optical signal generation by an optical injection phase-lock loop. A 36-GHz signal was generated by combining optical sideband injection locking with optical phase-lock loop techniques for two fiber-coupled DFB lasers. Single sideband noise spectral density of -92 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset, and phase-error variance lower than 0.005 rad/sup 2/ in a 100 MHz bandwidth were measured. The locking bandwidth exceeded 30 GHz.
Fugue in C MinorThe Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1 (2005)

Abstract The fugue in C Minor has become standard teaching material in advanced and elementary textbooks alike, for courses in canon and fugue as well as lowly music appreciation. It was the first fugue to be jazzed and the first to be switched on. The fugue in C Minor demonstrates contrapuntal inversion very well, with five of the six possible permutations of the subject, countersubject 1 (cs 1), and countersubject 2 (cs 2) clearly on display. This fugue also teaches about the conventional closure of minor-mode music in the major, by altering the interval of a minor third in its final tonic chord into the more conclusive major third. The fugue in C Minor serves as a model for a number of others with lively, dance-like subjects and prominent recurring episodes, but they all close in quite a different spirit, with an epigram derived wittily from some previous material.
A Semimicro Qualitative Test for the Nitro Group in Organic Compounds (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Semimicro Qualitative Test for the Nitro Group in Organic CompoundsW. M. Hearon and R. G. GustavsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1937, 9, 7, 352–353Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50111a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50111a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Earth atmospheric entry studies for manned Mars missions (1992)

Decelerations, heating rates, and total heat loads encountered when returning from Mars to earth at entry speeds of 12 km/sec to 16 km/sec are studied. For entry at 14 km/sec, it is found that a lift/drag ratio (L/D) of 0.5 is required to provide a guidance corridor margin near 1 deg for the specified deceleration limit of 5 g. For a blunted, raked cone with an L/D = 0.5, the peak heating rate near the aft end of the forebody varies from 0.14 to 0.23 kW/sq cm for laminar flow. If ablation triggers boundary layer transition, the peak heating can rise to 0.5 or up to 0.72 kW/sq cm. All heating rates are sufficiently high to make ablative heat shields necessary.
Weight Gain During Long-Term Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (2004)

Risk of weight gain during extended serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment for OCD differs depending on which compound is used. The differences among antiobsessive drugs may affect compliance with medication and health risks.
Noninvasive Cardiovascular Phenotyping in Mice (2002)

With the growth of genetic engineering, mice have become common as models of human diseases, which in turn has stimulated the development of techniques to monitor and image the murine cardiovascular system. Invasive methods are often more quantitative, but noninvasive methods are preferred when measurements must be repeated serially on living animals during development or in response to pharmacological or surgical interventions. Because of the small size and high heart rates in mice, high spatial and temporal resolutions are required to preserve signal fidelity. Monitoring of body temperature and the electrocardiogram is essential when animals must be anesthetized for a measurement or other procedure. Several other groups have developed cardiovascular imaging modalities suitable for murine applications, and ultrasound is the most widely used. Our group has developed and applied high-resolution Doppler probes and signal processing for measuring blood velocity in the heart and peripheral vessels of anesthetized mice noninvasively. We can measure cardiac filling and ejection velocities as indices of systolic and diastolic ventricular function and for timing of cardiac events; velocity pulse arrival times for determining pulse-wave velocity and arterial stiffness; peripheral velocity waveforms as indices of arterial resistance, compliance, and wave reflections; stenotic velocities for estimation of pressure drop and detection of vorticity; and tail artery velocity for determining systolic and diastolic blood pressure using a pressure cuff. These noninvasive methods are convenient and easy to apply and have been used to detect and evaluate numerous cardiovascular phenotypes in mutant mice.