gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a Suggested E-commerce Model Based on SET Protocol (2010)

Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol was developed by Visa and MasterCard as a method to protect the security of payment card transactions over open networks, but it failed to be widely promoted. Based on our research about Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol, we designed and implemented a suite of e-commerce system which was improved from Secure Electronic Transaction (SET) protocol. Our main contributions are: firstly, apply the proper network technologies of thin client to build the E-commerce model, secondly, develop a method of database encryption to protect the security of sensitive transaction information, thirdly, give support to debit card payment, also we change the payment process of transaction flow for the aim of practicability and atomicity.
Identification and characterization of CONSTANS-like (COL) gene family in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) (2017)

The CONSTANS/FLOWERING LOCUS T (CO/FT) regulon plays a central role in the control of flowering time in photoperiod-sensitive plants. Flowering time in wild cotton (Gossypium spp.) has strict photoperiod sensitivity, but domesticated cotton is day-neutral. Information on the molecular characterization of the CO and CO-like (COL) genes in cotton is very limited. In this study, we identified 42 COL homologs (GhCOLs) in the G. hirsutum genome, and many of them were previously unreported. We studied their chromosome distribution, phylogenetic relationships, and structures of genes and proteins. Our results showed that GhCOLs were classified into three groups, and 14 COLs in group I showed conserved structure when compared with other plants. Two homoeologous pairs, GhCOL1-A and GhCOL1-D in Group I, showed the highest sequence similarity to Arabidopsis thaliana CO and rice CO homologous gene Heading date1 (Hd1). Tissue-specific expression showed that 42 GhCOL genes may function as tissue-specific regulators in different cells or organs. We cloned and sequenced the 14 GhCOL genes in Group I related to flowering induction to study their diurnal expression pattern, and found that their expression showed distinct circadian regulation. Most of them peaked at dawn and decreased rapidly to their minima at dusk, then started to accumulate until following dawn under long- or short-day conditions. Transgenic study in the Arabidopsis co-2 mutant demonstrated that GhCOL1-A and GhCOL1-D fully rescued the late-flowering phenotype, whereas GhCOL3-A, GhCOL3-D, GhCOL7-A, and GhCOL7-D partially rescued the late-flowering phenotype, and the other five homoeologous pairs in Group I did not promote flowering. These results indicate that GhCOL1-A and GhCOL1-D were potential flowering inducers, and are candidate genes for research in flowering regulation in cotton.
Factors affecting soil populations of<i>Pythium ultimum</i>in the San Joaquin Valley of California (1977)

Pythium ultimum soil population levels were highest in the cooler seasons in the San Joaquin Valley, and always lowest during midsummer (August or early September). Crop residues, especially surface litter, supported population increases in the autumn (late September through November) in many fields, providing moisture was available and the substrate was suitable. A general seasonal pattern of P. ultimum fluctuations was evident in 7 of 10 field sites; populations were uniformly low in the remaining sites. In the laboratory, Pythium ultimum did not develop or survive well on cotton leaves in soils held above 30 C for extended periods. High soil temperatures (30 to 37 C during July and August) apparently contribute to the uniformly low levels of P. ultimum encountered during the summer in field sites in the San Joaquin Valley. Soils that possessed uniformly low populations in the field during the course of this study did not support increases in P. ultimum when cotton leaves were incorporated under controlled conditions. Pythium ultimum developed well when cotton leaves were incorporated into soils which supported population increases under field conditions. It appears that certain soils are conducive to P. ultimum development, whereas others are suppressive. It is concluded that seasonal fluctuations in P. ultimum populations depend, in part, upon climatic conditions, the presence of organic residues, and soil faetor(s).
Phase Relationships in the Silicon Carbide‐Aluminum Nitride System (1988)

Phase relationships in the SiC‐AlN system were determined by analytical electron microscopy of local equilibria among adjacent phases in hot‐pressed samples and in diffusion couples. At 2100° to 2300°C, a 4H–2H equilibrium exists, the 4H field extending from ∼2 mol% AlN to an upper limit of 11 to 14 mol% AlN. The wurtzite‐type 2H (δ) solid solution extends from an impurity‐sensitive lower limit of 17 to 24 mol% AlN up to 100 mol% AlN. Semiquantitative Auger electron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy ultrathin‐window detector measurements confirmed the assumption that the solid solutions have the general formula (SiC) 1‐x (AlN) x and belong to the SiC‐AlN pseudobinary system. The existence of a miscibility gap below 1950°C was confirmed, but its limits were not determined accurately. A faulted metastable cubic phase, β′, exists below ∼2000°C and contains up to ∼4 mol% AlN. The transformations into the stable a structures occur through diffusion‐controlled stacking rearrangements.
Special memory and embedded memory macros in MPEG environment (2002)

Special memory and embedded memories used in a newly designed MPEG2 decoder LSI are described. Orthogonal memory is employed in a IDCT (Inverse Discrete Cosine Transform) block for small area and power. FIFOs and other dual-port memories are designed by using a single-port RAM operated twice in one clock cycle to reduce cost. As for testability, direct test mode is implemented for small area. An instruction RAM is placed outside the pad area in parallel to a normal instruction ROM and activated by Al-masterslice for extensive debugging and an early sampling. Other memory related techniques and the key features of the decoder are also described.
Efficient identity-based ring signature for RFID authentication scheme (2010)

An RFID authentication scheme based on ring signature was proposed. The Tag and back-end database were properly configured with different workloads, aiming to ensure the Tag's privacy and realize the authentication. This scheme only needed two bilinear pairing computations for any group size in the back-end database and no computation in Tag in order to enhance the network efficiency, which was suitable for the authentication of low cost RFID system.
Biomechanics of Ulnar Osteotomies and Plate Fixation (1994)

Osteotomies to shorten the ulna have proven to be an effective procedure for ulnar positive wrist syndrome. However, the procedure has been fraught with a number of mechanical problems which have limited its clinical and biological success. This work proposes a solution for some of these mechanical problems and tests this hypothesis in the laboratory and the clinical setting. Twenty pairs of human ulnas (5 pairs in each group) had shortening osteotomies performed. One side had conventional transverse, “free-hand” cuts, coaptation by hand and compression and neutralization by a standard A0 3.5 mm, 7-hole DCP Plate. The contralateral ulna had a fixture attached to the bone to control the cutting saw and the bone fragments throughout the 45° osteotomy cuts and controlled coaptation and compression with an intrafragmentary lag screw and neutralization with a 2.5 mm, low profile, 7-hole plate. After the co-aptation, compression and neutralization were complete, the fixture was removed, and each ulna was elastically tested for bending (in two planes) and torsion stiffness, and for strength in apex volar bending. Bending stiffness of both plate designs was also measured. Structural stiffness was clearly greater in torsion testing for the oblique osteotomy at a significance level of P &lt; .04. No biomechanical difference was identified in the AP and lateral bending tests despite the fact that the low profile plate was only half the bending rigidity of the standard plate. In a clinical trial, twenty-three transverse osteotomies were compared to seventeen oblique osteotomies using the described instruments. The healing rate and consistency was improved for the oblique osteotomy group compared to the transverse osteotomy group by 10.9 versus 20.6 weeks to healing in 100% versus 96% completely healed cases, respectively. The osteotomy instrumentation system not only provided the surgeon with a means of reducing operative time, post-operative complications, ease of implementation and reduced hardware bulk in the subcutaneous region, but also improved the mechanical and clinical performance for short and long term due to the precision and configuration of the construct, requiring less mechanically demanding hardware.
PCR-I-High Resolution Positron Tomograph Using Analog Coding (1984)

PCR-I has been designed and built to demonstrate the concept of analog coding to provide high resolution positron tomographic images without interpolative motion. The instrument uses 360 bismuth germanate (BGO) detectors coupled through a lucite light pipe to 90 phototubes. The measured resolution at the center is 4.8 mm. A straightforward extension of the concept will lead to a tomograph capable of obtaining resolution below 3 mm for low energy positron emitters. The sensitivity of PCR-I is 46 000/s for a 20 cm diameter phantom uniformly filled with 1 muCi/cc of a positron emitter. Parameters related to dead time and random and prompt scatter coincidences have been studied. Phantom measurements demonstrate the resolution and uniformity of PCR-I. Animal studies carried out to date include 18F in rat skeleton, 11C-palmitate and 11C-labeled red cells in dog heart and blood flow, and blood volume in monkey brain using C15O2 and C15O.
Mass++: A Visualization and Analysis Tool for Mass Spectrometry (2014)

We have developed Mass++, a plug-in style visualization and analysis tool for mass spectrometry. Its plug-in style enables users to customize it and to develop original functions. Mass++ has several kinds of plug-ins, including rich viewers and analysis methods for proteomics and metabolomics. Plug-ins for supporting vendors' raw data are currently available; hence, Mass++ can read several data formats. Mass++ is both a desktop tool and a software development platform. Original functions can be developed without editing the Mass++ source code. Here, we present this tool's capability to rapidly analyze MS data and develop functions by providing examples of label-free quantitation and implementing plug-ins or scripts. Mass++ is freely available at http://www.first-ms3d.jp/english/ .
Employment in households with stroke after Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (2006)

Randomized controlled clinical studies show that Constraint-Induced Movement therapy (CI therapy) improves impaired arm function in patients with stroke. Little is known about how this therapy affects employment of patients or their caregivers. Individuals more than 1-year post-stroke (N=121) were retrospectively surveyed about their activities and employment prior to stroke, after stroke but before CI therapy and after CI therapy. They were also asked if someone had stopped working to be a caregiver and if that person had resumed employment. Before stroke, 48% of patients had been employed; this fell to 22% after stroke and did not significantly rise after CI therapy with most of the newly unemployed moving into a permanent retirement status before starting CI therapy. Among the CI therapy patients, one-quarter (29/121) reported that someone had limited their employment to take care of them following their stroke. After CI therapy, more than 60% (18/29) of caregivers returned to employment. Our preliminary finding regarding return to work by caregivers of stroke patients post-CI therapy warrants further study using prospective methods and randomized, controlled designs.
Magnetoresistive DNA chips based on ac field focusing of magnetic labels (2006)

A study was made on the sensitivity of a magnetoresistive DNA-chip platform being developed for cystic fibrosis diagnostics. The chip, comprised of an array of 2.5×80μm2 U-shaped spin-valve sensors integrated within current line structures for magnetic label manipulation, enabled the detection at 30Hz of 250nm magnetic nanoparticles from 100pM down to the pM range (or a target DNA concentration of 500pM). It was observed that the sensor response increased linearly with label concentration. Noise spectra obtained for these sensors showed a thermal noise of 10−17V2∕Hz with a 1∕f knee at 50kHz at a 1mA sense current, showing that lower detection limits are possible.
Position-specific Gene Expression in the Liver Lobule Is Directed by the Microenvironment and Not by the Previous Cell Differentiation State (1999)

Mechanisms directing position-specific liver gene regulation are incompletely understood. To establish whether this aspect of hepatic gene expression is an inveterate phenomenon, we used transplanted hepatocytes as reporters in dipeptidyl peptidase IV-deficient F344 rats. After integration in liver parenchyma, the position of transplanted cells was shifted from periportal to perivenous areas by targeted hepatic ablations with carbon tetrachloride. In controls, transplanted cells showed greater glucose-6-phosphatase and lesser glycogen content in periportal areas. This pattern was reversed when transplanted cells shifted from periportal to perivenous areas. Transplanted hepatocytes in perivenous areas exhibited inducible cytochrome P450 activity, which was deficient in periportal hepatocytes. Moreover, cytochrome P450 activity was rapidly extinguished in activated hepatocytes when these cells were transplanted into the nonpermissive liver of suckling rat pups. In cells isolated from the normal F344 rat liver, cytochrome P450 inducibility was originally greater in perivenous hepatocytes; however, periportal cells rapidly acquired this facility in culture conditions. These findings indicate that the liver microenvironment exerts supremacy over prior differentiation state of cells in directing position-specific gene expression. Therefore, persistence of specialized hepatocellular function will require interactions with regulatory signals and substrate availability, which bears upon further analysis of liver gene regulation, including in progenitor and/or stem cells.
Pharmacology of smooth muscle cell replication. (1992)

The suggestion that smooth muscle cell proliferation contributes to hypertension, atherosclerosis, and restenosis after angioplasty has led to a growing interest in the use of drugs to inhibit this process. This review summarizes pharmacological studies of smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo and identifies specific mediators of proliferation that are implicated by drugs binding with high affinity to enzymes or receptors.
An Efficient Numerical Method for the Solution of the $L_2$ Optimal Mass Transfer Problem (2010)

In this paper we present a new computationally efficient numerical scheme for the minimizing flow approach for the computation of the optimal L(2) mass transport mapping. In contrast to the integration of a time dependent partial differential equation proposed in [S. Angenent, S. Haker, and A. Tannenbaum, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 35 (2003), pp. 61-97], we employ in the present work a direct variational method. The efficacy of the approach is demonstrated on both real and synthetic data.
Influence of Alkyl Side-Chain Length on the Performance of Poly(3-alkylthiophene)/Polyfluorene All-Polymer Solar Cells (2010)

We have investigated the influence of the alkyl side-chain length of poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) on the performance of all-polymer blend photovoltaic devices with the polyfluorene copolymer F8TBT (poly((9,9-dioctylfluorene)-2,7-diyl-alt-[4,7-bis(3-hexylthien-5-yl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole]-2′,2′′-diyl)) used as the electron acceptor. Butyl, hexyl, octyl, and decyl side-chains have been studied, with clear trends in the device performance observed. The properties of the unblended polythiophene are first reported, namely their thermal, photophysical, electrochemical, and morphological characteristics. The observed trends in photovoltaic device performance are interpreted in terms of the complex interplay between energy level offsets, blend morphology and charge carrier mobility. Device performance is especially sensitive to the annealing temperature employed that influences both the recrystallization of P3AT and the coarsening of phase separation. Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) is found to be the optimum P3AT studied, because of the appropriate energy level offsets with F8TBT and the fact that P3HT recrystallization occurs before significant phase separation.
Anaerolinea thermolimosa sp. nov., Levilinea saccharolytica gen. nov., sp. nov. and Leptolinea tardivitalis gen. nov., sp. nov., novel filamentous anaerobes, and description of the new classes Anaerolineae classis nov. and Caldilineae classis nov. in the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi (2006)

One thermophilic (strain IMO-1(T)) and two mesophilic (strains KIBI-1(T) and YMTK-2(T)) non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative, multicellular filamentous micro-organisms, which were previously isolated as members of the tentatively named class 'Anaerolineae' of the phylum Chloroflexi, were characterized. All isolates were strictly anaerobic micro-organisms. The length of the three filamentous isolates was greater than 100 microm and the width was 0.3-0.4 microm for strain IMO-1(T), 0.4-0.5 microm for strain KIBI-1(T) and thinner than 0.2 microm for strain YMTK-2(T). Strain IMO-1(T) could grow at pH 6.0-7.5 (optimum growth at pH 7.0). The optimal temperature for growth of strain IMO-1(T) was around 50 degrees C (growth occurred between 42 and 55 degrees C). Growth of the mesophilic strains KIBI-1(T) and YMTK-2(T) occurred at pH 6.0-7.2 with optimal growth at pH 7.0. Both of the mesophilic strains were able to grow in a temperature range of 25-50 degrees C with optimal growth at around 37 degrees C. Yeast extract was required for growth of all three strains. All the strains could grow with a number of carbohydrates in the presence of yeast extract. The G + C contents of the DNA of strains IMO-1(T), KIBI-1(T) and YMTK-2(T) were respectively 53.3, 59.5 and 48.2 mol%. Major fatty acids for thermophilic strain IMO-1(T) were anteiso-C(17 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and anteiso-C(15 : 0), whereas those for mesophilic strains KIBI-1(T) and YMTK-2(T) were branched C(14 : 0), iso-C(15 : 0), C(16 : 0) and branched C(17 : 0), and branched C(17 : 0), C(16 : 0), C(14 : 0) and C(17 : 0), respectively. Detailed phylogenetic analyses based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates belong to the class-level taxon 'Anaerolineae' of the bacterial phylum Chloroflexi, which for a long time had been considered as a typical uncultured clone cluster. Their morphological, physiological, chemotaxonomic and genetic traits strongly support the conclusion that these strains should be described as three novel independent taxa in the phylum Chloroflexi. Here, Anaerolinea thermolimosa sp. nov. (type strain IMO-1(T) = CM 12577(T) = DSM 16554(T)), Levilinea saccharolytica gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain KIBI-1(T) = JCM 12578(T) = DSM 16555(T)) and Leptolinea tardivitalis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain YMTK-2(T) = JCM 12579(T) = DSM 16556(T)) are proposed. In addition, we formally propose to subdivide the tentative class-level taxon 'Anaerolineae' into Anaerolineae classis nov. and Caldilineae classis nov. We also propose the subordinate taxa Anaerolineales ord. nov., Caldilineales ord. nov., Anaerolineaceae fam. nov. and Caldilineaceae fam. nov.
HALIDES AND PERHALIDES OF THE PICOLINES. (1899)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHALIDES AND PERHALIDES OF THE PICOLINES.Paul. MurrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1899, 21, 10, 828–854Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1899Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1899https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02060a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02060a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views161Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular dynamics of polycarbonate chains at the interface of polycarbonate/polystyrene heterogeneous blends (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular dynamics of polycarbonate chains at the interface of polycarbonate/polystyrene heterogeneous blendsMobae Afeworki and Jacob SchaeferCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 16, 4097–4099Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00042a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00042a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts