gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
O‐linked <i>N</i>‐acetylglucosamine levels in cerebellar neurons respond reciprocally to pertubations of phosphorylation (1999)

The novel intracellular carbohydrate O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is present on proteins ranging from those of viruses to those of humans and include cytosolic, nuclear and plasma-membrane proteins. In this report we have examined the effect of manipulation of phosphorylation on the levels of O-GlcNAc in cerebellar neurons from early postnatal mice. Our results indicate a reciprocal response of O-GlcNAc levels to phosphorylation. Activation of protein kinase A or C, for example, results in reduced levels of O-GlcNAc specifically in the fraction of cytoskeletal and cytoskeleton-associated proteins, while inhibition of the same kinases results in increased levels of O-GlcNAc. These data are in keeping with a reciprocal action of O-GlcNAc with respect to phosphorylation and suggest that this modification may have a role in signal transduction.
G3139 and Other CpG-Containing Immunostimulatory Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Are Potent Suppressors of the Growth of Human Tumor Xenografts in Nude Mice (2006)

Several phosphorothioate antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) are developed to target factors potentially involved in tumor growth and apoptosis suppression. Among them, the 18-mer G3139 (Oblimersen), which targets Bcl-2, is currently being tested in phase II and phase III clinical trials for various tumors in combination with chemotherapy. On the other hand, ODNs containing CpG dinucleotides (CpG-ODN) within specific-sequence contexts (CpG motifs) have been shown to activate rodent or primate immune cells via toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) and have demonstrated remarkable T cell-dependent antitumor efficacy in a series of murine tumor models. However, immune cell activation by CpG-ODN is largely diminished upon C-5 methylation at CpG cytosine. As G3139 contains CpG motifs, we questioned whether the antitumor effects seen in human tumor xenografts might be abrogated by cytosine C-5 methylation of G3139, which retained the ability of G3139 to suppress Bcl-2 expression in tissue culture, or by similar derivatization of other phosphorothioate ODNs developed for the immune activation of rodent or human cells. The in vivo antitumor efficacy of the immunostimulatory H1826 and H2006 ODNs was compared with that of G3139. Bcl-2 suppression achieved by G3139 purportedly sensitizes tumor cells toward cytotoxic agents, and some of the experiments employed combinations of ODN with such drugs as cisplatin or etoposide. H1826, H2006, and G3139 all produced similar, striking, growth inhibitory effects on either H69 SCLC, A2780 ovarian carcinoma, or A549 lung adenocarcinoma human tumor xenografts at doses of 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg (H1826, H2006) or 12 mg/kg (G3139) per day. In contrast, the H2006-mC (1 mg/kg) or G3139-mC (12 mg/kg) derivatives demonstrated no significant antitumor effects. The combination of G3139 (12 mg/kg) with cisplatin produced some additive antitumor efficacy, which was not seen in combinations of G3139-mC (12 mg/kg) or H1826 (1 mg/kg) with cisplatin. G3139, at a dose of 12 mg/kg, alone induced extensive enlargement of the spleen. Immunostimulation was evaluated in vitro by flow cytometric measurements of the CD80 and CD86 activation markers found on CD19+ murine splenocytes. The CpG-ODN producing strong antitumor effects in vivo also induced these activation markers in vitro, in contrast to the in vivo inactive G3139-mC. Our data indicate a significant contribution of the immunostimulatory properties of CpG-ODN (including G3139) to the antitumor effects observed in nude mouse xenograft models. This is in contrast to previous data presented by other authors indicating that the activity of G3139 in human tumor xenografts was Bcl-2 specific. Furthermore, as nude mice are devoid of T cells, a T cell-mediated immune response apparently is not required for the potent antitumor responses observed here; innate immune responses are sufficient.
Photographic Techniques for Information Storage (1953)

Photographic media are examined as vehicles for the storage of digital information. Storage devices of total capacity in the range from 107 to 109 bits, with favorable random-access features, appear to be achievable. Alternative methods of reading are suggested. The logical association of a much smaller erasable storage unit (such as a magnetic drum) with a large photographic store completely removes, for most practical applications, the difficulties arising from the fact that rapid erasure and rewriting are not possible in a photographic storage medium. Methods for writing in the information to be stored are briefly considered.
Swap compression: resurrecting old ideas (2000)

The performance of memory-intensive applications tends to be poor due to the high overhead added by the swapping mechanism. The same problem may be found in highly-loaded multi-programming systems where all running applications have to use the swap space in order to be able to execute at the same time. In this paper, we present a solution to these problems. The idea consists of compressing the swapped pages and keeping them in a swap cache whenever possible. The idea of a compressed swap cache was proposed a few years ago, but it did not achieve the expected results due to hardware limitations. As processors are much faster and the performance gap between processors and disk is also much bigger, we believe that now it is the right time to revisit this idea. In this paper, we present a new implementation of the compressed cache, plus some enhancements that significantly improve the performance of the swapping mechanism. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of ultrasonic waves to assess grain structure in cast stainless steel (1985)

Although the ASME code requires the inspection of cast stainless steel (CSS) piping in nuclear reactors, it has not been possible to demonstrate unambiguously that current inspection techniques are adequate. Ultrasonic inspection is difficult because the microstructure of CSS can vary considerably, from elastically isotropic with equiaxed, relatively small grains to elastically anisotropic with a columnar grain structure to a combination of the two. For the near term, improvements that may increase the reliability of ultrasonic inspection include (a) the development of methods to establish the microstructure of the material (to help optimize the inspection technique), (b) the identification of calibration standards that are more representative of the material to be inspected and (c) the use of cracked CSS samples for training purposes. In this paper, the results of experiments to characterize the microstructure of CSS by use of ultrasonic waves will be discussed. Shear waves may be more effective for isotropic material, whereas longitudinal waves may be better for the anisotropic case because of beam-focusing effects. Sound velocity and beam skewing can be measured accurately enough to characterize CSS even in thick-walled reactor components. 5 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.
Hypoglycaemic role of <i>Cucurbita ficifolia</i> (Cucurbitaceae) fruit extract in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats (2007)

Abstract Cucurbita ficifolia is commonly used as an antidiabetic and antihyperglycaemic agent in Asia. However, the mechanisms of antidiabetic action of the plant remain to be clarified. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of C. ficifolia fruit extract on blood plasma, plasma insulin level, lipid peroxidation and number of β cells in normal and streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. The results indicated that feeding with C. ficifolia fruit extract caused reduction in STZ‐induced hyperglycaemia while increase plasma insulin level in STZ diabetic rats, and markedly reduced the STZ‐induced lipid peroxidation in pancreas of the rats. Further there was a significant increase in the number of β cells in C. ficifolia ‐treated animals when compared with untreated diabetics, however, their number was still less than that obtained for normal rats, indicating the mode of protection of C. ficifolia fruit extract on pancreatic β cells. The present study thus confirms a hypoglycaemic effect of C. ficifolia fruit extract and suggests that oral feeding of C. ficifolia fruit extract may have a role in the renewal of β cells in STZ diabetic rats or, alternatively, may permit the recovery of partially destroyed β cells. Our results provide some documentation to define the role and mode of action of C. ficifolia fruit extract in its potential and promising use in treating diabetes. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Smart Home Renewable Energy Management System (2011)

One of the major attribute of the smart grid is to integrate renewable and storage energy resources at the consumption premises. This paper presents the design, implementation and testing of an embedded system that integrates solar and storage energy resources to a smart home. The proposed system provides and manages a smart home energy requirement by installing renewable energy; and scheduling and arranging the power flow during peak and off-peak period. In addition to that, a two-ways communication protocol is developed to enable the home owner and the utility provider to better optimize the energy flow and the consumption efficiency. A prototype for the proposed system was designed, implemented and tested using a controlled load bank to simulate a scaled random real house consumption behavior. Three different scenarios were tested and the results and findings are reported.
Identification of the Structural Gene for Glyoxalase I from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1996)

The structural gene for glyoxalase I (GLO1) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified. The GLO1 gene contained an open reading frame with 326 amino acids, and the molecular weight of the gene product (Glo1p) deduced from the DNA sequence was calculated to be 37,207.06. Glyoxalase I activity increased approximately 95-fold when the GLO1 gene was introduced into the yeast cell with a multicopy plasmid, and the resultant transformant showed the increased resistance against methylglyoxal. Since the knockout mutant of the GLO1 gene of haploid strain of S. cerevisiae was still viable, the GLO1 gene was thought to be unnecessary for growth of the yeast. The GLO1 gene was overexpressed in two kinds of glutathione-deficient mutants, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase-deficient (gsh1(-)) and glutathione synthetase-deficient (gsh2(-)), respectively, and the sensitivites to methylglyoxal were compared. The gsh1-deficient mutant, which could not produce glutathione at all, was hypersensitive to methylglyoxal, and overproduction of the Glo1p did not restore the growth arrest caused by exogenously added methylglyoxal. The gsh2-deficient mutant, which accumulates gamma-glutamylcysteine (an intermediate of glutathione biosynthesis), was also sensitive to methylglyoxal compared with the isogenic wild type strain, although the growth arrest caused by methylglyoxal was partially restored by overexpression of the GLO1 gene. Purified glyoxalase I from yeast could use gamma-glutamylcysteine as a substrate (kcat/Km = 1.89 x 10(7) M-1 s-1, glutathione; 3.47 x 10(4) M-1 s-1, gamma-glutamylcysteine).
Pancreatic β-Cell Electrical Activity and Insulin Secretion: Of Mice and Men (2017)

The pancreatic β-cell plays a key role in glucose homeostasis by secreting insulin, the only hormone capable of lowering the blood glucose concentration. Impaired insulin secretion results in the chronic hyperglycemia that characterizes type 2 diabetes (T2DM), which currently afflicts >450 million people worldwide. The healthy β-cell acts as a glucose sensor matching its output to the circulating glucose concentration. It does so via metabolically induced changes in electrical activity, which culminate in an increase in the cytoplasmic Ca<sup>2+</sup> concentration and initiation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent exocytosis of insulin-containing secretory granules. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of the β-cell transcriptome, electrical activity, and insulin exocytosis. We highlight salient differences between mouse and human β-cells, provide models of how the different ion channels contribute to their electrical activity and insulin secretion, and conclude by discussing how these processes become perturbed in T2DM.
[Epstein-Barr virus--significance of and possibilities in laboratory diagnosis]. (1994)

The clinical symptoms of acute Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serology infection may overlap with those of a variety of other infections and diseases; therefore, a significant EBV serology is of great importance for differential diagnosis. As the serological response after primary EBV infection may be highly variable, it is necessary to determine VCA-IgG, VCA-IgM and anti-EBNA-1 in parallel in all cases, in order to obtain conclusive results. Immunosuppressive disorders or treatment may lead to a specific loss of anti-EBNA-1 and thus mimic the serological situation of acute EBV infection. In these cases, determination of avidity of VCA-IgG may help to solve the problem. We also suggest to determine the EBV status, before the clinical significance of IgM directed against other viruses is being considered. This approach may help to distinguish clinical relevant IgM findings from IgM due to EBV-caused polyclonal stimulation.
Planar Phased Array With Wide-Angle Scanning Performance Based on Image Theory (2015)

A wide-beam antenna and a planar phased array with wide-angle scanning performance based on image theory are proposed. To solve the wide-angle scanning problem, a summative evaluation of basic types of carrier-based antennas is given and the antenna types available for wide-angle scanning arrays or end-fire arrays are pointed out. Afterward, a wide-angle scanning array with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) ground is proposed. The main beam direction of the array can scan from -89° to 90° in the H-plane with a gain fluctuation less than 3 dB and the scanning 3-dB beamwidth can cover a range from -105° to 105°. An excellent wide-angle scanning performance from the broadside direction to the end-fire direction can be obtained by the proposed method, which can be used to guide the design of wide-angle scanning arrays.
Pulsed high magnetic field measurement via a Rubidium vapor sensor (2017)

We present a new technique to measure pulsed magnetic fields based on the use of Rubidium in gas phase as a metrological standard. We have therefore developed an instrument based on laser inducing transitions at about 780~nm (D2 line) in a Rubidium gas contained in a mini-cell of 3~mm~x~3~mm cross section. To be able to insert such a cell in a standard high field pulsed magnet we have realized a fibred probe kept at a fixed temperature. Transition frequencies for both the $π$ (light polarization parallel to the magnetic field) and $σ$ (light polarization perpendicular to the magnetic field) configurations are measured by a commercial wavemeter. One innovation of our sensor is that in addition of monitoring the light transmitted by the Rb cell, which is usual, we also monitor the fluorescence emission of the gas sample from a very small volume with the advantage of reducing the impact of the field inhomogeneity on the field measurement. Our sensor has been tested up to about 58~T.
Effects of Conversation on Situation Awareness and Working Memory in Simulated Driving (2014)

Provides a theoretical framework that links driver SA to working memory and a mechanism for understanding why conversation impairs driving performance.
Melt Infiltration Approach to Ceramic Matrix Composites (1988)

Melt infiltration offers an alternative route to the synthesis of fully dense ceramic matrix composites. Necessary conditions with respect to chemical reactivity, melt viscosity, and wetting must be satisfied. Other properties of the reinforcement and matrix constituents must also be considered. With these restrictions this generic approach is applicable to a wide range of composite systems. Preliminary structure and property results are presented for the representative systems based on particulate and whisker SiC reinforcement in combination with CaSiO 3 , SrSiO 3 , and strontium feldspar matrices.
Heparan Sulfate Mimicry (2005)

Cell-associated heparan sulfate (HS) is endowed with the remarkable ability to bind numerous proteins. As such, it represents a unique system that integrates signaling from circulating ligands with cellular receptors. This polysaccharide is extraordinary complex, and examples that define the structure-function relationship of HS are limited. In particular, it remains difficult to understand the structures by which HS interact with proteins. Among them, interferon-gamma (IFNgamma), a dimeric cytokine, binds to a complex oligosaccharide motif encompassing a N-acetylated glucosamine-rich domain and two highly sulfated sequences, each of which binds to one IFNgamma monomer. Based on this template, we have synthesized a set of glycoconjugate mimetics and evaluated their ability to interact with IFNgamma. One of these molecules, composed of two authentic N-sulfated octasaccharides linked to each other through a 50-Angstroms-long spacer termed 2O(10), displays high affinity for the cytokine and inhibits IFNgamma-HS binding with an IC(50) of 35-40 nm. Interestingly, this molecule also inhibits the binding of IFNgamma to its cellular receptor. Thus, in addition to its ability to delocalize the cytokine from cell surface-associated HS, this compound has direct anti-IFNgamma activity. Altogether, our results represent the first synthetic HS-like molecule that targets a cytokine, strongly validating the HS structural determinants for IFNgamma recognition, providing a new strategy to inhibit IFNgamma in a number of diseases in which the cytokine has been identified as a target, and reinforcing the view that it is possible to create"tailor-made"sequences based on the HS template to isolate therapeutic activities.
Structural analysis of Au–Ni–Ge and Au–Ag–Ge alloyed ohmic contacts on modulation-doped AlGaAs–GaAs heterostructures (1986)

Both secondary ion mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy have been used to characterize Au–Ni–Ge and Au–Ag–Ge ohmic contacts to modulation-doped GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The time periods for alloying the contact were kept to a minimum (&lt;25 s) in order to obtain controlled diffusion of Ge into the semiconductor. Structural analysis shows that a stable alloy contact is formed after 3 s of alloying at temperatures above the Au–Ge melting point. There were no major structural or compositional changes observed with longer alloying times. The Ge-rich region has a tendency to regrow epitaxially on the GaAs after alloying, as shown by high-resolution electron microscopy.
Determining the cost of IT services (2002)

Providing managerial information to explain costs in the context of personnel and equipment activities and processes.
Prediction Model of Bus Arrival Time at Signalized Intersection Using GPS Data (2011)

Accurate prediction of bus arrival time at the stop line is a vital element to the bus signal priority system, but most previous approaches focused on predicting bus arrival times at next bus stops only. This paper develops a travel time prediction model to predict bus arrival time on the basis of global positioning system (GPS) data. Bus travel time from the detected location to stop line is divided into three parts: travel time from present point to the end of anterior queue, waiting time for the green light, and time for discharging anterior queue vehicles. Case studies were conducted in real-life signalized intersections to evaluate the performance of the model. Results showed that the presented model provided acceptable prediction accuracy. In addition, by considering the log interval of GPS data and prediction error, a determination method of the optimal decision-making zone when using sequential GPS data was developed.
The Reduction of Amide Vinylogs (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reduction of Amide VinylogsRobert H. Baker and Arthur H. SchlesingerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 10, 2009–2011Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01214a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01214a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conjunctive Query Answering for the Description Logic SHIQ (2008)

Conjunctive queries play an important role as an expressive query language for Description Logics (DLs). Although modern DLs usually provide for transitive roles, conjunctive query answering over DL knowledge bases is only poorly understood if transitive roles are admitted in the query. In this paper, we consider unions of conjunctive queries over knowledge bases formulated in the prominent DL SHIQ and allow transitive roles in both the query and the knowledge base. We show decidability of query answering in this setting and establish two tight complexity bounds: regarding combined complexity, we prove that there is a deterministic algorithm for query answering that needs time single exponential in the size of the KB and double exponential in the size of the query, which is optimal. Regarding data complexity, we prove containment in co-NP.
Tracking multiple chaotic systems from a single observed sequence (2002)

Sequences generated by by chaotic systems have been proposed as replacements for the traditional pseudo-noise sequences used in direct-sequence spread spectrum systems. Such systems often require that the receiver maintain synchronization by tracking the sequence generated by the transmitter. A method previously introduced to track the state of a chaotic system from an observed sequence is extended to track the states of multiple, independent chaotic systems, again based on a single observed sequence. One possible use of this scheme might be in a modified code-division multiplexing arrangement where the "codes" are actually the outputs of chaotic systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SCALE AND CORROSION CONTROL IN DIESEL ENGINE COOLING SYSTEMS (1978)

The advantages and disadvantages of three major categories of corrosion inhibitors, namely nitrate-borate, chromate, and soluble oil are reviewed. The use of zinc plates for cathodic protection is discussed.