gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seminal DNase Frees Spermatozoa Entangled in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (2005)

Insemination always stimulates neutrophil migration into the female reproductive tract (FRT), which eliminates excess spermatozoa and bacterial contaminants introduced by the breeding process. However, the presence of neutrophils in the FRT at the time of semen deposition has been shown to result in sperm-neutrophil binding that reduces motility and fertility. Although the binding and trapping mechanism has not been determined, seminal plasma (SP) was found to include a protein factor or factors that reduced sperm-neutrophil binding and improved fertility of sperm inseminated in the presence of neutrophils. Although DNase has been shown to be present in the SP of different species and has been associated with improved fertility in bulls, the mechanism(s) explaining this association and the paradox of DNA-packed cells being associated with DNase have remained unresolved. We demonstrate that sperm-activated neutrophils extrude their DNA, which in turn traps sperm cells and hinders their motility (and ultimately may hinder sperm transport to the fertilization site). DNase activity present in the SP digests the extruded DNA and frees entangled spermatozoa, which in turn may allow more spermatozoa to reach the oviduct, and explains at least one mechanism by which SP increases the rate of fertility. The ability of SP proteins to suppress neutrophil activation in the presence of spermatozoa did not render neutrophils incapable of combating bacteria, demonstrating that SP proteins are highly selective for suppressing neutrophils activated by spermatozoa, but not by bacteria.
Carbon doping of SiGe heterobipolar transistors (2002)

We demonstrate cutoff and maximum oscillation frequencies of more than 70 GHz, and delays per stage down to 15 ps for ring oscillators with integrated SiGe:C heterobipolar transistors (HBT). We also demonstrate almost ideal base current characteristics for these, even with carbon in the depleted regions. The incorporation of low carbon concentration (<10/sup 20/ cm/sup -3/) within the SiGe region of SiGe HBTs can significantly suppress boron outdiffusion caused by a variety of subsequent processing steps. For example, transient enhanced boron diffusion due to BF/sub 2/ implantation of the external base regions can be eliminated. Thus, the use of epitaxial SiGe:C instead of SiGe layers provides greater flexibility in process design, and wider latitude in process margin.
<title>Multiplexed analysis using time-resolved near-IR fluorescence for the detection of genomic material</title> (2002)

While fluorescence continues to be an important tool in genomics, new challenges are being encountered due to increased efforts toward miniaturization reducing detection volumes and the need for screening multiple targets simultaneously. We have initiated work on developing time- resolved near-IR fluorescence as an additional tool for the multiplexed analyses of DNA, either for sequencing or mutation detection. We have fabricated simple and compact time-resolved fluorescence microscopes for reading fluorescence from electrophoresis or DNA microarrays. These microscopes consist of solid-state diode lasers and diode detectors and due to their compact size, the optical components and laser head can be mounted on high-speed micro-translational stages to read fluorescence from either multi-channel capillary electrophoresis instruments or micro fabricated DNA sorting devices. The detector is configured in a time-correlated single photon counting format to allow acquisition of fluorescence lifetimes on-the-fly during data acquisition in the limit of low counting statistics. In multiplexed analyses, lifetime discrimination serves as a method for dye-reporter identification using only a single readout channel. Also, coupled to multi-color systems, lifetime identification can significantly increase the number of probes monitored in a single instrument. In this work, near-IR fluorescence, including dye-labels and hardware, will be discussed as well as the implementation of near-IR fluorescence in DNA sequencing using slab gel electrophoresis and DNA microarrays.
Physical disability from knee osteoarthritis (1994)

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a common, nonfatal, chronic condition that causes pain and physical disability in older people. Persons with knee OA report difficulty with activities that require ambulation and transfer from the sitting to the standing position. Physical disability from knee OA is the result of a complex interplay among the severity of disease, pain, comorbid conditions, psychosocial factors, and deficits in physical capacity such as low aerobic work capacity and lower extremity muscle weakness. These deficits in physical capacity may be correctable with exercise training. Short-term studies indicate that persons with knee OA show gains in physical capacity and report less pain and disability with exercise training. However, the long-term effectiveness and safety of exercise in persons with knee OA remains unknown.
Use of sulfoxides as cocatalysts in the palladium-quinone-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienes. An example of ligand-accelerated catalysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of sulfoxides as cocatalysts in the palladium-quinone-catalyzed 1,4-diacetoxylation of 1,3-dienes. An example of ligand-accelerated catalysisHelena Grennberg, Adolf Gogoll, and Jan E. BaeckvallCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 20, 5808–5811Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00020a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views716Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (522 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Association between low fetal fraction in cell‐free DNA testing and adverse pregnancy outcome: A systematic review (2021)

LFF in cfDNA testing is associated with adverse pregnancy outcome,specifically pregnancy-related hypertensive disorders, preterm birth, and impaired fetal growth related to placental dysfunction. Since the available evidence is limited, a large prospective cohort study on the relationship between fetal fraction and pregnancy outcomes is needed.
Dopamine/Serotonin Receptor Ligands. 10: SAR Studies on Azecine-type Dopamine Receptor Ligands by Functional Screening at Human Cloned D<sub>1</sub>, D<sub>2L</sub>, and D<sub>5</sub> Receptors with a Microplate Reader Based Calcium Assay Lead to a Novel Potent D<sub>1</sub>/D<sub>5</sub> Selective Antagonist (2005)

On the basis of the benz[d]indolo[2,3-g]azecine derivative 1 (LE300), structure-activity relations were investigated in order to identify the pharmacophore in this new class of ligands. Various structural modifications were performed and the inhibitory activities at human cloned D(1), D(2L), and D(5) receptors were measured by using a simple fluorescence microplate reader based calcium assay. Subsequently, the affinities of active compounds were estimated by radioligand binding experiments. Deleting one of the aromatic rings as well as replacing it by a phenyl moiety abolishes the inhibitory activities almost completely. Contraction of the 10-membered central ring decreases them significantly. The replacement of indole by thiophene or N-methylpyrrole reduces the inhibitory activity, whereas replacing the indole by benzene increases it. Finally, the hydroxylated dibenz[d,g]azecine derivative 11d (LE404) was found to be more active than the lead 1 in the functional calcium assay as well as in radioligand displacement experiments.
Protecting DNS services from IP spoofing-SDN collaborative authentication approach (2016)

As DNS packet are mostly UDP-based, make it as a perfect tool for hackers to launch a well-known type of distributed denial of service (DDoS). The purpose of this attack is to saturate the DNS server availability and resources. This type of attack usually utilizes a large number of botnet and perform spoofing on the IP address of the targeted victim. We take a different approach for IP spoofing detection and mitigation strategies to protect the DNS server by utilizing Software Defined Networking (SDN). In this paper, we present CAuth, a novel mechanism that autonomously block the spoofing query packet while authenticate the legitimate query. By manipulating Openflow control message, we design a collaborative approach between client and server network. Whenever a server controller receives query packet, it will send an authentication packet back to the client network and later the client controller also replies via authentication packet back to the server controller. The server controller will only forward the query to the DNS server if it receives the replied authentication packet from the client. From the evaluation, CAuth instantly manage to block spoofing query packet while authenticate the legitimate query as soon as the mechanism started. Most notably, our mechanism designed with no changes in existing DNS application and Openflow protocol.
‘Japanese’ Management Techniques (1994)

Western management is continually bombarded with the latest technique from Japan, often via the USA. Managers are exhorted to change rapidly in the 'nanosecond nineties'1 or be overtaken. We are reminded that 'Survival is not compulsory',2 and that all we took for granted before is about to be stood on its head. It is easy to feel inadequate in a situation where you are encouraged to grasp the latest panacea that will accelerate your business into the world-class league. So what route should change management follow? Total Quality Management or Lean Production? Or should we 're-engineer' our companies? Are they names for the same thing, developments of each other, or totally separate? Do we have a hope of successfully introducing these techniques in the West, or do we need an Eastern culture to make them work? Do we need to change the culture of our organisations first to ensure these new ideas take root and flourish?
Developed Image Structure (1961)

The dry covering power of developed silver in a photographic film is dependent on the properties and previous history of its gelatin binder. Physical or chemical treatments of film prior to, during or following, development will denature or soften gelatin, or increasing its swelling capacity in water will generally increase covering power. Conversely treatments which harden gelatin tend to reduce covering power These effects may change covering power by as much as 50 per cent. The drying of a gelaano-silver image is divided into two different periods. The first is characterized by an increase in covering power and by the reversibility of the events causing it. The second period is characterized by a decrease in covering power and its irreversibility. The wet bulb temperature of the drying air and the structural arrangement of the gelatin binder as modified by previous environment affect primarily the irreversible events occurring during the second drying period. Changes in covering power are caused by mechanical rotation and deformation of the silver deposits. An important factor affecting these changes appears to be correlated with the hydrogen bonding within the gelatin structure, particularly as that hydrogen bonding changes between the alpha and beta forms.
Thermally enhanced blue light-emitting diode (2015)

We investigate thermoelectric pumping in wide-bandgap GaN based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to take advantage of high junction temperature rather than avoiding the problem of temperature-induced efficiency droop through external cooling. We experimentally demonstrate a thermally enhanced 450 nm GaN LED, in which nearly fourfold light output power is achieved at 615 K (compared to 295 K room temperature operation), with nearly no reduction in the wall-plug efficiency (i.e., electrical-optical energy conversion efficiency) at bias V&lt;ℏω/q. The LED is shown to work in a mode similar to a thermodynamic heat engine operating with charged carriers pumped into the active region by a combination of electrical work and Peltier heat (phonons) drawn from the lattice. In this optimal operating regime at 615 K, the LED injection current (3.26 A/cm2) is of similar magnitude to the operating point of common high power GaN based LEDs (5–35 A/cm2). This result suggests the possibility of removing bulky heat sinks in current high power LED products thus realizing a significant cost reduction for solid-state lighting.
Compliance during tricyclic antidepressant therapy: pharmacokinetic and analytical issues. (1988)

Information on steady-state concentrations of parent tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and their major metabolites in plasma is useful in ascertaining compliance, for possible pharmacokinetic changes during longer treatment, and for prospective individualized dosing procedures. Adequate response can be maintained when there are relatively small fluctuations in drug concentration from visit to visit, but large fluctuations increase the liklihood of relapses during the acute-treatment phase and recurrences afterwards. Changes in the individualized in dosage regimens complicate measurement of concentrations in plasma at steady state. Longitudinal examinations of concentration/dosage (L/D) values in our three-year imipramine (IMI) maintenance study reveal that patients having large intra-individual fluctuations can be classified as noncompliers, likely to have recurrences. The time course and magnitude of L/D values reflect higher accumulation of both components, IMI and desipramine (DMI), in plasma. Evidently, dose-dependent kinetics lead to higher steady-state concentrations in plasma than previously observed with similar dosages in shorter-term treatment. With amitriptyline (AMI), in a 12-month study, the mean total concentrations of both AMI and nortriptyline (NT) progressively increased, by 22% and 33%, respectively. The pharmacokinetic linearity of AMI and (or) NT, i.e., (L/D)high/(L/D)low, is maintained over much wider dosage and age range than with IMI or DMI. We advocate concurrent use of the L/D method and co-administration of riboflavin for identification of noncompliers. We describe our current experience with various analytical procedures in this regard, concluding that high-performance liquid-chromatographic methods, with appropriate selection among ultraviolet, enhanced fluorescence, and electrochemical detectors for each TCA under specified therapeutic conditions, are most suitable and versatile, having superior analytical parameters. A suitable alternative procedure is gas-chromatography (N/P mode). Although immunoassays (EMIT, radiochemical) are most convenient for toxicological screens, their significant cross reactivities with several phenothiazines and the detection limits, requiring higher concentrations for EMIT, restrict their usage during research and (or) clinical monitoring.
Wireless interconnection in a CMOS IC with integrated antennas (2002)

Improved RF capability and projected increase in die size for CMOS circuits lead to the concept of wireless communications within and between chips. A potential application is wireless clock distribution, proposed as an alternative interconnect system capable of distributing high frequency clock signals at the speed of light using microwaves. The wireless clock distribution system consists of a clock transmitter, located on or off chip, broadcasting a microwave global clock signal at frequencies greater than 15 GHz, and a grid of integrated clock receivers. The global clock signal is received using an integrated dipole antenna. The signal is then amplified using a low-noise amplifier (LNA), frequency divided down to the local clock frequency, buffered, and distributed to provide local clock signals. This IC operating at 7.4 GHz, which integrates antennas and necessary receiver circuits in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS with five metal layers on p-substrates, is a first step towards realizing such a system.
Enhanced Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Containing a New Carrier on Hair Growth (2011)

PRP&D/P MPs and PRP facilitated hair growth but D/P MPs provided additional hair growth. The authors have indicated no significant interest with commercial supporters.
Radar Communications for Combating Mutual Interference of FMCW Radars (2019)

Commercial automotive radars used today are based on frequency modulated continuous wave signals due to the simple and robust detection method and good accuracy. However, the increase in both the number of radars deployed per vehicle and the number of such vehicles leads to mutual interference, cutting short future plans for autonomous driving and active safety functionality. We propose and analyze a radar communications (RadCom) approach to reduce this mutual interference while simultaneously offering communication functionality. We achieve this by frequency division multiplexing radar and communications, where communications is built on a decentralized carrier sense multiple access protocol and is used to adjust the timing of radar transmissions. Our simulation results indicate that radar interference can be significantly reduced, at no cost in radar accuracy.
Concomitant Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Antagonism and Neprilysin Inhibition Produces Omapatrilat-like Antihypertensive Effects Without Promoting Tracheal Plasma Extravasation in the Rat (2011)

Dual inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and neprilysin (NEP) by drugs such as omapatrilat produces superior antihypertensive efficacy but cause high incidence of angioedema. We examined whether dual inhibition of angiotensin AT1 receptor (ARB) and NEP (ARB-NEPI, valsartan-candoxatril) provides similar efficacy to omapatrilat without the risk of angioedema. Activity of test compounds at the targets was assayed using fluorescence-based enzyme assays (ACE, NEP, aminopeptidase P) or competition binding assays (AT1). Target engagement in vivo (ACE, AT1, and NEP) was quantified by measuring inhibition of angiotensin-pressor responses and potentiation of atrial natriuretic peptide-induced urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) output in rats. Tracheal plasma extravasation (TPE) was used as a surrogate to assess propensity of compounds to promote upper airway angioedema. Antihypertensive efficacy in renin-dependent and -independent states was measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats and deoxycorticosterone acetate salt hypertensive rats, respectively. Administration of omapatrilat and coadministration of valsartan and candoxatril blocked angiotensin induced vasopressor responses and potentiated atrial natriuretic peptide-induced increase in urinary cGMP output. In spontaneously hypertensive rats, valsartan, omapatrilat, and valsartan-candoxatril combination all produced reduction in blood pressure to a similar extent, whereas candoxatril was ineffective. In deoxycorticosterone acetate rats, omapatrilat, candoxatril, and valsartan-candoxatril combination but not valsartan produced reduction in blood pressure. Antihypertensive doses of omapatrilat produced robust increases in TPE; by contrast, valsartan, candoxatril, or their combination did not increase TPE. Pretreatment with icatibant, a bradykinin B2 antagonist, abolished omapatrilat-induced TPE but not its antihypertensive effects. On the background of NEP inhibition, suppression of the renin-angiotensin system through ARB and ACE inhibition shows a similar antihypertensive efficacy but exerts differential effects on bradykinin metabolism and TPE indicative of reduced risk of angioedema. Thus, dual AT1 receptor blockade and NEP inhibition is potentially an attractive approach to retain the excellent antihypertensive effects of omapatrilat but with a superior safety profile.
Real-time template matching based on gradient direction vector product (2011)

In order to increase the speed of image matching, we propose a novel real-time matching algorithm which contains two stages: online stage and offline stage. We realize the information extraction of template image in offline stage and the calculation of similarity measure value in online stage. Gradient direction vector product is used to obtain the value of similarity measure, which makes the algorithm against occlusion, nonlinear illumination, and clutter. For increasing the speed of image matching, optimized measures such as coarse-to-fine pyramid search strategy, contour extraction, contour approximate and stop conditions, are used. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm has strong real-time and it is robust to rotation, scale and heavy noise.
The viable but non-culturable state of wine micro-organisms during storage (2000)

Colony counting and DEFT did not give the same results when wine micro-organisms were enumerated. Both methods were used to monitor the population of acetic acid bacteria (AAB) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) during wine storage. Results suggest that part of the populations had reached a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. These cells were unable to produce colonies but could hydrolyse fluorescent esters and could be counted by DEFT. For AAB, O2 deprivation quickly induced this state. Recovery from this state was very rapid as soon as O2 was available. The response was not so clear for LAB during wine storage. However, a similar state was induced by sulfiting. Moreover, filtration of wine stored in barrels and contaminated by Brettanomyces, AAB and LAB demonstrated that cell size was not homogeneous. Cells which remained in wine after several weeks could pass through a 0.45-microm membrane. However, when they re-entered a growing phase, they were again retained by membrane filtration. During and after the decline phase, wine micro-organisms might survive as smaller cells in a VBNC state.
Direct catalytic conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol by hydrogenolysis of the furan ring under mild conditions over Pt/Co2AlO4 catalyst (2011)

A new strategy was developed for the direct conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol by the hydrogenolysis of the furan ring under mild conditions based on Pt/Co(2)AlO(4) catalyst. This is the first report of the direct catalytic conversion of furfural to 1,5-pentanediol with high yield.