gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[The pacemaker and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator registry of the Italian Association Arrhythmology Cardiac Pacing and cardiac pacing - annual report 2013]. (2014)

The PM and ICD Registry appears fundamental for monitoring PM and ICD utilization on a large national scale with rigorous examination of demographics and clinical indications. The PM Registry showed stable electrocardiographic and symptom indications, with an important prevalence of dual-chamber pacing. The use of CRT-PM regards a very limited number of patients. The ICD Registry documented a constant increase in prophylactic and biventricular ICD use, reflecting a favorable adherence to trials and guidelines in clinical practice.
Biomass Derived and Biomass Inspired Polymers in Pharmaceutical Applications (2015)

After a general introduction into biopolymers in general and the use of polymers and especially biopolymers in pharmaceutical applications, we present a detailed discussion of the most important biomass-originated ‘natural’ and biomass-derived or biomass-inspired ‘synthetic’ polymers with respect to their use in pharmaceutical and selected medicinal applications. The polymers are categorised according to the chemical nature of their linkage motif rather than their fields of use, since these linkages are the most crucial points with respect to the biodegradation process. Origins, biodegradation pathways and fields of application of the various polymers are systematically described. A critical section on the use of micro- and nanocrystalline natural polymers and fibrils highlights the current issues connected to their increased use as excipients. In the conclusion, an analysis is made in an attempt to highlight some important differences between natural and nature-inspired biodegradable polymers, and to generally identify the emerging trends in the field.
[Human echinococcosis: the role of histocompatibility antigens in realizing infestations and the characteristics of their course]. (1994)

The role of histocompatibility antigens in the realization of invasions and the nature of its course were studied in 71 patients with Echinococcus granulosus infection and in 18 with E. multilocularis infection. It has been shown that the effects of HLA antigens on the realization of invasion is heterodirectional; the factors predisposing to the occurrence of echinococcosis are HLA-B5, B18, and A28 antigens, whereas those preventing their realization are HLA-B14 antigen. The carriage of HLA-B5 and B18 antigens determines a high risk of E. granulosus infection of the lungs and liver. The realization of the latter is prevented by the carriage of HLA-B27 antigen. The development of E. multilocularis infection of the liver is promoted by that of HLA-A11, whereas the carriage of HLA-A9 antigen prevents the occurrence of this lesion. Solitary hepatic lesion in E. granulosus infection correlates with HLA-A10 and B18 antigens, while multiple lesion with HLA-B5 antigen, but the development of E. multilocularis infection metastases is associated with HLA-B8 antigen. The occurrence of spontaneous cystic ruptures of E. granulosus correlates with HLA-A32, A26, and B5 antigens, which is likely to associated with cystic formation defect due to the influence of these factors.
Optofluidic integration of a photonic crystal nanolaser (2008)

We demonstrate a new type of photonic crystal nanolaser incorporated into a microfluidic chip, which is fabricated by multilayer soft lithography. Experimentally, room-temperature continuous-wave lasing operation was achieved by integrating a photonic crystal nanocavity with a microfluidic unit, in which the flow medium both enhances the rate of heat removal and modulates the refractive index contrast. Furthermore, using the proposed system, dynamic modulation of the resonance wavelength and far-field radiation pattern can be achieved by introducing a bottom reflector across which various fluids with different refractive indices are forced to flow. In particular, by maintaining a gap between the reflector and the cavity equal to the emission wavelength, highly efficient unidirectional emission can be obtained. The proposed nanolasers are ideal platforms for highfidelity biological and chemical detection tools in micro-total-analytical or lab-on-a-chip systems.
A look at application performance sensitivity to the bandwidth and latency of InfiniBand networks (2006)

This work explores the expected performance of three applications on a high performance computing cluster interconnected using InfiniBand. In particular, the expected performance across a range of configurations is analyzed notably InfiniBand 4/spl times/, 8/spl times/ and 12/spl times/ representing link-speeds of 10 Gb/s, 20 Gb/s, and 30 Gb/s respectively as well as near-neighbor MPI message latencies of 4/spl mu/s and 1.5/spl mu/s. In addition we also consider the impact of node size, from one to eight processors that share a single network connection. The performance analysis is based on the use of detailed performance models of the three applications developed at Los Alamos. The results of the analysis show that the application performance can range by as much as 60% from best to worst. The relative importance of bandwidth, latency and node size differs between the applications.
Free radical mediated cell toxicity by redox cycling chemicals. (1987)

Free radical formation has been implicated in the toxicity of a wide range of xenobiotics. In recent years, particular interest has been paid to compounds which can undergo a one electron reduction to form a radical species which can then react with oxygen forming superoxide (O2.-) and regenerating the parent molecule. This process, which is called redox cycling, leads to a disproportionate consumption of O2 and cellular reducing equivalents and the formation of active oxygen species, ultimately causing oxidative stress. It has been proposed that cell death results from a loss in control of Ca2+ homeostasis caused by thiol oxidation at critical enzyme sites. Physical properties of redox cycling compounds such as their one electron reduction potentials are important in determining their rate of reduction by cellular reductases and the reactivity of the radicals so formed with oxygen and other molecules. Although redox cycling of many compounds can be clearly demonstrated in vitro, the unequivocal demonstration of this process in vivo and its involvement in in vivo toxicities remains a challenging area for future research.
Elicitation and representation of expert knowledge for computer aided diagnosis in mammography. (2004)

Preliminary evaluations of the CADMIUM II prototype reinforce the value of representing explicitly decision making processes in computer aided mammography and of deriving these processes from image processing measurements. Decision support is presented here at a level of description that is both relevant and meaningful to the user.
Regular physical exercise and low-fat diet. Effects on progression of coronary artery disease. (1992)

In patients participating in regular physical exercise and low-fat diet, coronary artery disease progresses at a slower pace compared with a control group on usual care.
NAD – new roles in signalling and gene regulation in plants (2004)

The pyridine nucleotides, NAD<sup>+</sup> , NADH, NADP<sup>+</sup> , and NADPH have long-established and well-characterised roles as redox factors in processes such as oxidative phosphorylation, the TCA cycle, and as electron acceptors in photosynthesis. Recent years have seen an increase in the number of signalling and gene regulatory processes where NAD<sup>+</sup> or NADP<sup>+</sup> are metabolised. Cyclic ADP-ribose (cADPR) and nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) are metabolites of NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADP<sup>+</sup> , respectively, and now have widely accepted roles as potent intracellular calcium releasing agents in animals, but are less well characterised in plants. NAD kinases catalyse the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to NAD to form NADP and are well characterised in plants in their requirement for the calcium binding protein calmodulin, thereby putatively linking their regulation to stress-induced intracellular calcium release. A second group of proteins unrelated to those above, the sirtuins (Sir2) and poly ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), cleave NAD and transfer the ADP-ribose group to acetyl groups and proteins, respectively. These have roles in transcriptional control and DNA repair in eukaryotes. Contents Summary I. Introduction 32 II. NAD synthesis and breakdown 32 III. cADPR in plants 34 IV. NAADP in plants 35 V. NAD kinases 35 VI. NAD and gene regulation 37 VII. Sir2 is an NAD dependant histone deacetylase 37 VIII. Nicotinamidases 38 IX. Poly ADP-ribosylation 39 X. Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) 40 XI. Subcellular compartmentation of NAD and NADP in plants 41 XII. Conclusions 41 Acknowledgements 41 References 41.
A comparison between three commercial kits for chromogranin A measurements (2003)

Chromogranin (CgA) has been shown to be an excellent marker for neuroendocrine tumours. There are now three commercial assays on the market. We wanted to compare the usefulness of the different kits in a clinical situation. We have thus measured CgA in 77 patients and compared the results from the different methods. CgA was measured with three different commercial kits according to the recommendations from the manufacturers (CGA-RIA CT; CIS bio international, Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France, DAKO Chromogranin A ELISA kit; DAKO A/S, Glostrup, Denmark and CgA; EuroDiagnostica, Malmö, Sweden). The sensitivity and specificity differed between the different kits. The CIS kit showed a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 96%. The sensitivity and specificity were both 85% for the DAKO kit and 93% and 88% respectively for the EuroDiagnostica assay. We have concluded that CgA is an important tumour marker for all neuroendocrine tumours. However, different analytical properties of the respective kits give different performances, a fact that must be taken into consideration when comparing results from different clinical studies. A recognised international standard for CgA would be a step on the way to harmonisation, but antibody selection and construction of the assays will probably still influence the results.
Nuclear reprogramming of luminal-like breast cancer cells generates Sox2-overexpressing cancer stem-like cellular states harboring transcriptional activation of the mTOR pathway (2013)

Energy metabolism plasticity enables stemness programs during the reprogramming of somatic cells to an induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) state. This relationship may introduce a new era in the understanding of Warburg's theory on the metabolic origin of cancer at the level of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we used Yamanaka's stem cell technology in an attempt to create stable CSC research lines in which to dissect the transcriptional control of mTOR--the master switch of cellular catabolism and anabolism--in CSC-like states. The rare colonies with iPSC-like morphology, obtained following the viral transduction of the Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) stemness factors into MCF-7 luminal-like breast cancer cells (MCF-7/Rep), demonstrated an intermediate state between cancer cells and bona fide iPSCs. MCF-7/Rep cells notably overexpressed SOX2 and stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-4 proteins; however, other stemness-related markers (OCT4, NANOG, SSEA-1, TRA-1-60, and TRA-1-81) were found at low to moderate levels. The transcriptional analyses of OSKM factors confirmed the strong but unique reactivation of the endogenous Sox2 stemness gene accompanied by the silencing of the exogenous Sox2 transgene in MCF-7/Rep cells. Some but not all MCF-7/Rep cells acquired strong alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity compared with MCF-7 parental cells. SOX2-overexpressing MCF-7/Rep cells contained drastically higher percentages of CD44(+) and ALDEFLUOR-stained ALDH(bright) cells than MCF-7 parental cells. The overlap between differentially expressed mTOR signaling-related genes in 3 different SOX2-overexpressing CSC-like cell lines revealed a notable downregulation of 3 genes, PRKAA1 (which codes for the catalytic α 1 subunit of AMPK), DDIT4/REDD1 (a stress response gene that operates as a negative regulator of mTOR), and DEPTOR (a naturally occurring endogenous inhibitor of mTOR activity). The insulin-receptor gene (INSR) was differentially upregulated in MCF-7/Rep cells. Consistent with the downregulation of AMPK expression, immunoblotting procedures confirmed upregulation of p70S6K and increased phosphorylation of mTOR in Sox2-overexpressing CSC-like cell populations. Using an in vitro model of the de novo generation of CSC-like states through the nuclear reprogramming of an established breast cancer cell line, we reveal that the transcriptional suppression of mTOR repressors is an intrinsic process occurring during the acquisition of CSC-like properties by differentiated populations of luminal-like breast cancer cells. This approach may provide a new path for obtaining information about preventing the appearance of CSCs through the modulation of the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
Postcrash Fuel Fire Hazard Measurements in a Wide-Body Aircraft Cabin (1980)

This report describes results obtained utilizing a full-scale, wide- body test article for studying postcrash cabin fire hazards produced by an external fuel fire adjacent to a cabin door opening. Seventy-two tests were conducted at various ambient wind conditions and fire sizes in a fire-hardened cabin devoid of interior materials. This work was the first phase of a study to realistically characterize postcrash cabin fire hazards. Temporal data, taken at a large number of cabin locations, are presented and discussed pertaining to the effect of ambient wind on the rate of hazard accumulation inside of the cabin; stratification of heat, smoke, and toxic gases; the effect of fire size of thermal radiation through the opening; and the relative importance of heat, smoke, and carbon monoxide in a fuel-dominant fire. It is concluded that major stratification of hazards occurs in the cabin when the hazards are created by an external fuel fire, and that ambient wind determines the amount of hazards entering a cabin due to a given external fuel fire.
Novel Medical Imaging Method Shows Promise (2005)

When subjected to a varying magnetic field, ferromagnetic nanoparticles produce harmonics that can reveal their location.
Recent advances in pyrolysis mass spectrometry of complex biological materials (1974)

Nonvolatile biological materials, such as biopolymers or even whole cells, can be made accessible to mass spectrometric analysis by pyrolysis techniques. In principle, this enables differentiation, classification and identification of these materials. Moreover, pyrolysis mass spectrometry can provide a general picture of the chemical composition and structure of the sample analysed. During the past few years we have investigated several pyrolysis techniques in combination with different mass spectrometric methods. These investigations included Curie point pyrolysis, infrared laser pyrolysis, low voltage electron impact ionization, field ionization and pyrolysis field desorption. Pyrolysis reactions were performed either at the gas inlet or directly at the ion source. The relative merits of these different experimental approaches are discussed. Additionally, examples of various applications, such as computer identification of bacteria and qualitative analyses of biopolymers, are given.
Effect of Inhibitors of Arachidonic Acid Metabolism on Mitogenesis in Human Lymphocytes: Possible Role of Thromboxanes and Products of the Lipoxygenase Pathway (1979)

Although it is already known that prostaglandins inhibit lymphocyte responses to mitogens the role of other products of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism has not previously been investigated. Various inhibitors of AA metabolism were studied for their effects on mitogenesis in human lymphocytes, including imidazole, benzylimidazole, N-0164, L-8027, 5, 8, 11, 14 eicosatetraynoic acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid, indomethacin, and aspirin. Selective or partially selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthesis, such as imidazole, benzylimidazole, N-0164, and L-8027 inhibited the mitogenic response at concentrations that also substantially affect thromboxane B2 synthesis in platelet-free lymphocyte preparations. Since indomethacin failed to reverse the inhibition by imidazole or N-0164, it is probably due to decreased thromboxane synthesis per se rather than secondary increases in prostaglandin synthesis. Eicosatetraynoic acid and nordihydroguaiaretic acid were more effective inhibitors of mitogenesis than of thromboxane synthesis. Since these agents also affect the lipoxygenase pathway, it is possible that part of their action is at this level. Thus, in addition to the inhibitory effects of prostaglandins on mitogenesis, other products of AA metabolism may promote the response.
On the construction of a representative synthetic workload (1974)

A general method of constructing a drive workload representative of a real workload is described. The real workload is characterized by its demands on the various system resources. These characteristics of the real workload are obtained from the system accounting data. The characteristics of the drive workload are determined by matching the joint probability density of the real workload with that of the drive workload. The drive workload is realized by using a synthetic program in which the characteristics can be varied by varying the appropriate parameters. Calibration experiments are conducted to determine expressions relating the synthetic program parameters with the workload characteristics. The general method is applied to the case of two variables, cpu seconds and number of I/O activities; and a synthetic workload with 88 jobs is constructed to represent a month's workload consisting of about 6000 jobs.
Improved Succinate Production by Metabolic Engineering (2013)

Succinate is a promising chemical which has wide applications and can be produced by biological route. The history of the biosuccinate production shows that the joint effort of different metabolic engineering approaches brings successful results. In order to enhance the succinate production, multiple metabolical strategies have been sought. In this review, different overproducers for succinate production, including natural succinate overproducers and metabolic engineered overproducers, are examined and the metabolic engineering strategies and performances are discussed. Modification of the mechanism of substrate transportation, knocking-out genes responsible for by-products accumulation, overexpression of the genes directly involved in the pathway, and improvement of internal NADH and ATP formation are some of the strategies applied. Combination of the appropriate genes from homologous and heterologous hosts, extension of substrate, integrated production of succinate, and other high-value-added products are expected to bring a desired objective of producing succinate from renewable resources economically and efficiently.
Liquid Source-MOCVD of BaxSr1xTiO3 (BST) Thin Films with a N-alkoxy-β-ketoiminato Titanium Complex (2001)

AnN-alkoxy-β-ketoiminato titanium complex, (Ti(2meip)2 (2meip = 4-N-(2-methylethyoxy)imino-2-pentanoate), see Figure for molecular structure, was investigated as a Ti precursor for barium strontium titanate (BST) thin film growth by liquid source metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (LS-MOCVD). The BST films obtained have an ultra-smooth surface and the titanium composition is relatively independent of the deposition temperature.
Loop-free Internet routing using hierarchical routing trees (2002)

We present a new hierarchical routing algorithm that combines the loop-free path-finding algorithm (LPA) with the area-based hierarchical routing scheme first proposed by McQuillan (1974) for distance-vector algorithms. The new algorithm, which we call the hierarchical information path-based routing (HIPR) agorithm, accommodates an arbitrary number of aggregation levels and can be viewed as a distributed version of Dijkstra's algorithm running over a hierarchical graph. The HIPR is verified to be loop-free and correct. Simulations are used to show that the HIPR is much more efficient than the OSPF in terms of speed, communication and processing overhead required to converge to correct routing tables. The HIPR constitutes the basis for future Internet routing protocols that are as simple as RIPv2, but with no looping and better performance than protocols based on link-states.
Double‐blind, randomized, vehicle‐controlled clinical trial of once‐daily benzoyl peroxide/clindamycin topical gel in the treatment of patients with moderate to severe rosacea (2004)

A once-daily topical application of a combination of 5% benzoyl peroxide and 1% clindamycin is effective and well tolerated in patients with moderate to severe rosacea.
Application of fuzzy logic to predicting erythropoietic response in hemodialysis patients (2008)

Uncertainty in the categorization of subjects into 2 erythropoietin response groups of poor or normal response has been shown to benefit from the use of fuzzy categories, with a significant improvement in model performance.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor induction of normal human bone marrow progenitors results in neutrophil-specific gene expression (1995)

We have used a combination of hematopoietic growth factors to induce in vitro granulocytic maturation. A fraction of marrow cells enriched for hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+, HLA-DR+) was isolated from normal human bone marrow by monoclonal antibody staining and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Cells were cultured in a suspension system for 3 days in the presence of stem cell factor and interleukin-3 (IL-3), after which granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) was added. Cells were harvested daily and analyzed for phenotypic maturation by morphologic criteria, and total RNA was obtained for analysis of myeloid gene expression. Maturation was observed to progress to the late metamyelocyte and band stage over a period of 10 to 12 days. Neutrophil-specific gene expression was assayed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Induction with G-CSF resulted in sequential expression of primary and secondary granule proteins, with asynchronous expression of primary granule proteins starting from days 1 to 5, and synchronous expression of lactoferrin and transcobalamin I (secondary granule proteins) from days 7 to 8. Interestingly, myeloperoxidase (MPO) mRNA expression was easily detected in both the freshly isolated CD34+, HLA-DR+ cells and cells at all subsequent stages of induction. This suggests that MPO mRNA is expressed very early during neutrophil development, perhaps before the development of significant numbers of phenotypically recognizable granules. This recapitulation of a program of sequential expression of primary and secondary granule protein genes suggests that in vitro marrow culture suspensions to which appropriate growth factors are added can mimic normal granulocytic maturation. This system should provide an important model for the study of neutrophil-specific gene expression.
Digital synchronisation of switching transistors (1988)

A digital technique is described for controlling the application and removal of base drive to parallel connected power transistors so that they switch on and off in synchronism, and with minimum power dissiptation. The control circuitry was designed specifically for integration on an uncommitted logic array to produce a dedicated integrated circuit. This circuit, together with its power transistor, associated base drive and emitter current sensing circuitry forms a power module which can be operated in parallel with other similar modules to form a switch mode power regulator of any required current rating.