gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Air and Water Free Solid-Phase Synthesis of Thiol Stabilized Au Nanoparticles with Anchored, Recyclable Dendrimer Templates (2007)

Solid-phase synthetic templates for Au nanoparticles were developed using Merrifield resins and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. This synthetic scheme affords the opportunity to prepare metal nanoparticles in the absence of air and water, and it does not necessitate phase transfer agents that can be difficult to remove in subsequent steps. Amine-terminated generation 5 PAMAM (G5NH2) dendrimers were grafted to anhydride functionalized polystyrene resin beads and alkylated with 1,2-epoxydodecane to produce G5C12anch. The anchored dendrimers bound both CoII and AuIII salts from toluene solutions at ratios comparable to those of solution phase alkyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers. The encapsulated AuIII salts could be reduced with NaBH4 to produce anchored dendrimer encapsulated nanoparticles (DENs). Treatment of the anchored DENs with decanethiol in toluene extracted the Au nanoparticles from the dendrimers as monolayer protected clusters (MPCs). After a brief NaCN etch, the anchored dendrimers were readily recycled and a subsequent synthesis of decanethiol Au MPCs was performed with comparable MPC yield and particle size distribution.
Data center air management metrics-practical approach (2010)

This paper presents a method to evaluate air flow effectiveness of both traditional raised floor designs and non-raised floor air-conditioning designs for data centers. Metrics are developed that will easily permit owners, engineers and operators to measure and quantify the performance of their data center air distribution systems or changes that they make to their cooling systems to improve air management and hence cooling system efficiency. The metrics incorporate and integrate together the major factors that decrease the effectiveness of computer room air cooling. These metrics, which are covered in the paper, include; negative pressure flow rate (air induced into the floor void), bypass flow rate (from floor void directly back to the air-conditioners without cooling servers), recirculation flow rate (from server outlet, back into server inlet) and the balance of CRAC and server design flow rates. Examples of the application of these metrics are also presented. Additionally, benchmarking data of bypass and recirculation collected from over 60 data centers during energy audits are presented. The benchmarking data clearly identifies potential energy saving opportunities when compared to ideal (no bypass and no recirculation). Consequently, one can use the benchmarking data to compare a given data center to others and to measure progress in reducing recirculation and bypass levels as energy conservation measures and best design practices are implemented in the data center. The methodology presented in this paper offers the advantage to establish quick understanding of the air management in the data center in fairly short amount of time using internal resources once the presented guidelines and lessons learned are followed. Performing CFD, which may be required in some cases, requires specialized engineers with sufficient knowledge in data center air flow paths, racks and server types, cooling equipment and power distribution units in order to build reliable air flow models using any of the commercially available CFD packages. The aforementioned requirements render the CFD simulation an expensive service. Hence, CFD simulation should be used when air management analysis falls short, example of such cases include planning for future IT growth using specific hardware in specific location.
HAT-trie: a cache-conscious trie-based data structure for strings (2007)

Tries are the fastest tree-based data structures for managing strings in-memory, but are space-intensive. The burst-trie is almost as fast but reduces space by collapsing trie-chains into buckets. This is not however, a cache-conscious approach and can lead to poor performance on current processors. In this paper, we introduce the HAT-trie, a cache-conscious trie-based data structure that is formed by carefully combining existing components. We evaluate performance using several real-world datasets and against other high-performance data structures. We show strong improvements in both time and space; in most cases approaching that of the cache-conscious hash table. Our HAT-trie is shown to be the most efficient trie-based data structure for managing variable-length strings in-memory while maintaining sort order.
Applications of capillary electrophoresis in characterizing recombinant protein therapeutics (2013)

The use of recombinant protein for therapeutic applications has increased significantly in the last three decades. The heterogeneity of these proteins, often caused by the complex biosynthesis pathways and the subsequent PTMs, poses a challenge for drug characterization to ensure its safety, quality, integrity, and efficacy. CE, with its simple instrumentation, superior separation efficiency, small sample consumption, and short analysis time, is a well-suited analytical tool for therapeutic protein characterization. Different separation modes, including CIEF, SDS-CGE, CZE, and CE-MS, provide complementary information of the proteins. The CE applications for recombinant therapeutic proteins from the year 2000 to June 2013 are reviewed and technical concerns are discussed in this article.
Improving the Imaging Contrast of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 by Targeted Linker Design: Charged Spacer Moieties Enhance the Pharmacokinetic Properties (2017)

<sup>68</sup>Ga-Glu-urea-Lys-(Ahx)-HBED-CC (<sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11) represents a successful radiopharmaceutical for PET/CT imaging of prostate cancer. Further optimization of the tumor-to-background contrast might significantly enhance the sensitivity of PET/CT imaging and the probability of detecting recurrent prostate cancer at low PSA values. This study describes the advantage of histidine (H)/glutamic acid (E) and tryptophan (W)/glutamic acid (E) containing linkers on the pharmacokinetic properties of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11. The tracers were obtained by a combination of standard Fmoc-based solid-phase synthesis and copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. Their <sup>68</sup>Ga complexes were compared to the clinical reference <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 with respect to cell binding, effective internalization, and tumor targeting properties in LNCaP-bearing balb/c nu/nu mice. The introduction of (HE)<sub>i</sub> (i = 1-3) or (WE)<sub>i</sub> (i = 1-3) into PSMA-11 resulted in a significantly changed biodistribution profile. The uptake values in kidneys, spleen, liver, and other background organs were reduced for (HE)<sub>3</sub> while the tumor uptake was not affected. For (HE)<sub>1</sub> the tumor uptake was significantly increased. The introduction of tryptophan-containing linkers also modulated the organ distribution profile. The results clearly indicate that histidine is of essential impact in order to improve the tumor-to-organ contrast. Hence, the histidine/glutamic acid linker modifications considerably improved the pharmacokinetic properties of <sup>68</sup>Ga-PSMA-11 leading to a reduced uptake in dose limiting organs and a significantly enhanced tumor-to-background contrast. Glu-urea-Lys-(HE)<sub>3</sub>-HBED-CC represents a promising <sup>68</sup>Ga complex ligand for PET/CT-imaging of prostate cancer.
Carbamylcholine‐ and 5‐hydroxytryptamine‐induced contraction in rat isolated airways: inhibition by calcitonin gene‐related peptide (1990)

1. The effects of rat and human alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alpha-CGRP) were investigated in isolated smooth muscle preparations obtained from three levels of the rat respiratory tract. 2. Neither peptide (10(-10)-10(-6) M) had any effect on resting tension or on carbamylcholine (10(-6) M)-induced tone of trachea or main bronchus. In contrast, CGRP sometimes reduced spontaneous or carbamylcholine-induced tone of lung parenchymal strips. 3. CGRP produced a significant rightward shift of the log concentration-response curves to carbamylcholine and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in the main bronchus. A rightward shift was also seen in trachea and parenchymal strips but this did not achieve the level of significance. The maximal response to 5-HT was reduced in the main bronchus and lung parenchyma whereas the maximal contraction to carbamylcholine was decreased in parenchymal strip only. 4. In all three airway preparations, CGRP caused concentration-dependent inhibition of responses elicited by challenges with 10(-7) M carbamylcholine or 5 x 10(-7) M 5-HT. The inhibitory effect of the peptide was inversely related to the size of the airways: the smaller the calibre, the greater the inhibition. 5. The inhibitory action of CGRP was not modified by pretreatment with tetrodotoxin (10(-6) M), propranolol (10(-6) M) or indomethacin (10(-6) M). 6. The results strongly suggest that (a) CGRP has a nonspecific inhibitory action on airway smooth muscle cells, (b) CGRP may act as a potent inhibitor of responses elicited by bronchoconstrictor substances and (c) its inhibitory activity may be most powerfully expressed in peripheral regions of the respiratory tract.
Turbo codes: correlated extrinsic information and its impact on iterative decoding performance (2003)

The performance of a turbo code is dependent on two properties of the code: its distance spectrum and its suitability to be iteratively decoded. The performance of iterative decoding depends on the quality of the extrinsic inputs; badly correlated extrinsic inputs can deteriorate the performance. While most turbo coding literature assumes that the extrinsic information is uncorrelated, we investigate these correlation properties. An iterative decoding suitability measure is presented, intended to serve as an indication on the degree of correlation between extrinsic inputs. The suitability measure can be used as a complement to the weight distribution when ranking interleavers.
Nonlinear Extended State Observer Based on Output Feedback Control for a Manipulator With Time-Varying Output Constraints and External Disturbance (2019)

This paper presents an adaptive output feedback control for a manipulator under the presence of the time-varying output constraint and uncertainties. The proposed control is formulated based on a nonlinear extended state observer and a barrier Lyapunov function. The nonlinear extended state observer is developed to estimate the unmeasured states and the lumped uncertainties. Because the observer term in the nonlinear observer includes a linear term and a fractional-order term, its performance is enhanced significantly. Additionally, the barrier Lyapunov function is applied to guarantee the time-varying output constraint, which changes with respect to the desired trajectory in time. The asymptotic stability and output constraint satisfaction are theoretically demonstrated by using the Lyapunov theory. Finally, some simulations are conducted on a 3-DOF manipulator to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control.
Isolation of CaSLN1 and CaNIK1, the genes for osmosensing histidine kinase homologues, from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (1998)

Recent studies have revealed that fungi possess a mechanism similar to bacterial two-component systems to respond to extracellular changes in osmolarity. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Sln1p contains both histidine kinase and receiver (response regulator) domains and acts as an osmosensor protein that regulates the downstream HOG1 MAP kinase cascade. SLN1 of Candida albicans was functionally cloned using an S. cerevisiae strain in which SLN1 expression was conditionally suppressed. Deletion analysis of the cloned gene demonstrated that the receiver domain of C. albicans Sln1p was not necessary to rescue SLN1-deficient S. cerevisiae strains. Unlike S. cerevisiae, a null mutation of C. albicans SLN1 was viable under regular and high osmotic conditions, but it caused a slight growth retardation at high osmolarity. Southern blotting with C. albicans SLN1 revealed the presence of related genes, one of which is highly homologous to the NIK1 gene of Neurospora crassa. Thus, C. albicans harbours both SLN1- and NIK1-type histidine kinases.
Semiconductor Quantum Dot: A Quantum Light Source of Multicolor Photons with Tunable Statistics (2001)

We investigate the intensity correlation properties of single photons emitted from an optically excited single semiconductor quantum dot. The second order temporal coherence function of the photons emitted at various wavelengths is measured as a function of the excitation power. We show experimentally and theoretically that a quantum dot is not only a source of nonclassically correlated monochromatic photons but is also a source of multicolor photons with tunable correlation properties. We found that the emitted photon statistics can be varied by the excitation rate from a sub-Poissonian one, where the photons are temporally antibunched, to super-Poissonian, where they are temporally bunched.
Semen preparation by standard swim-up versus swim-up with test yolk buffer incubation in intrauterine insemination: a randomized study (1998)

In order to compare the standard swim-up semen preparation with and without test yolk buffer (TYB) incubation in intrauterine insemination (IUI), we conducted a prospective multicentre randomized trial. A total of 121 infertile couples with male factor (n = 52) or unexplained infertility (n = 69) was randomly assigned to two groups following ovulation induction. Semen was prepared by standard swim-up in group A (n = 64) and by swim-up followed by TYB incubation in group B (n = 57). A maximum of two IUI cycles was performed. A total of 104 cycles was performed in the swim-up group and 90 in the TYB group. Overall, 15 pregnancies were achieved in group A and 23 in group B, with an overall pregnancy rate of 24.8 and 50.0% per patient respectively (chi2(1), P < 0.05). In the male factor group, pregnancy was achieved in six out of 24 couples (25%) following standard swim-up and in six out of 28 (21.4%) following swim-up and TYB incubation (chi2(1), not significant). In the unexplained infertility group, pregnancy was recorded in nine out of 40 couples (22.5%) following standard swim-up and in 17 out of 29 couples (58.6%) following swim-up and TYB incubation (chi2(1), P < 0.05).
Correction: Genome-Wide Transcriptional Effects of the Anti-Cancer Agent Camptothecin (2013)

The anti-cancer drug camptothecin inhibits replication and transcription by trapping DNA topoisomerase I (Top1) covalently to DNA in a "cleavable complex". To examine the effects of camptothecin on RNA synthesis genome-wide we used Bru-Seq and show that camptothecin treatment primarily affected transcription elongation. We also observed that camptothecin increased RNA reads past transcription termination sites as well as at enhancer elements. Following removal of camptothecin, transcription spread as a wave from the 5'-end of genes with no recovery of transcription apparent from RNA polymerases stalled in the body of genes. As a result, camptothecin preferentially inhibited the expression of large genes such as proto-oncogenes, and anti-apoptotic genes while smaller ribosomal protein genes, pro-apoptotic genes and p53 target genes showed relative higher expression. Cockayne syndrome group B fibroblasts (CS-B), which are defective in transcription-coupled repair (TCR), showed an RNA synthesis recovery profile similar to normal fibroblasts suggesting that TCR is not involved in the repair of or RNA synthesis recovery from transcription-blocking Top1 lesions. These findings of the effects of camptothecin on transcription have important implications for its anti-cancer activities and may aid in the design of improved combinatorial treatments involving Top1 poisons.
Chromosomal anomalies in patients with retinoblastoma (1977)

Karyotypes from 50 persons with retinoblastoma confirmed by histopathological examination were studied by conventional staining and Giemsa-banding techniques. Two chromosomal anomalies were found. An interstitial deletion of the long arm of No. 13 chromosome was identified by Giemsa-banding in the karyotypes from a boy with unilateral retinoblastoma. Another boy with unilateral tumor had a karyotype of 47,XXY. These findings provide additional evidence that a deletion of chromosome No. 13, most likely involving band 13q14, is associated with the development of retinoblastoma. In conjunction with other reports, our findings also suggest that retinoblastoma may be found more frequently in children with chromosomal aneuploidy.
Solid state synthesis of extra phase-pure Li4Ti5O12 spinel (2011)

Extra phase-pure Li4Ti5O12 spinel with particle sizes less than 500 nm was synthesized by solid state reaction of mechanochemicaly activated mixture of nano anatase and Li2CO3 for a very short annealing time, 4 h at 800?C. Structural and microstructural properties, the mechanism of solid state reaction between anatase and Li2CO3 as well as thermal stability of prepared spinel were investigated using XRPD, SEM and TG/DSC analysis. The mechanism of reaction implies decomposition of Li2CO3 below 250?C, formation of monoclinic Li2TiO3 as intermediate product between 400 and 600?C and its transformation to Li4Ti5O12 between 600-800?C. The spinel structure is stable up to 1000?C when it is decomposed due to Li2O evaporation.
Calcium Aluminate based Cement as Dental Restorative Materials (2002)

This thesis presents the results from the development process of a ceramic dental filling material based on calcium aluminate cement. The main focus of the work concerns dimensional changes during setting, hardening and curing and the understanding of the factors controlling the dimensional stability of the system. A range of compositions for research purposes and the composition of Doxadent™ – a dental product launched on the Swedish market in October 2000 – were evaluated. Furthermore hardness characteristics, flexural strength, porosity and microstructure studies are presented. The studies of dimensional changes led to a thorough investigation of the measuring devices used and their relevance. A split pin expander technique, very simple in function, has been evaluated and improved. The technique is considered to be adequate for detecting dimensional stability in restrained samples, thus mimicking the case for real fillings in most tooth cavities. The dimensional changes in the calcium-aluminate based cement system are mainly controlled by the grain size, the exact composition and the compaction degree. The expansion of the calcium-aluminate cement system was in the early work decreased from several percent down to only tenths of a percent. Results show that Doxadent™ has less than 0.2% in linear expansion after 200 days of storage in water. However, long-term tests have been unable to verify whether expansion stops with time. Long-term in-vitro studies of dimensional changes also affect the test equipment used, which is why the long-term behavior of the dimensional stability has to be clinically evaluated. The material integrates excellently with the tooth structure, has hardness and thermal properties similar to those of enamel and dentine, and is also biocompatible during hardening. A patented process for the preparation of wet compacted specimens was also developed.
Design, Implementation, and Case Study of a Pragmatic Vibrotactile Belt (2010)

Recently, much research in the area of haptic technologies has focused on the development of waist-worn vibrotactile belts as substitution or augmentation modalities for audio-visual information. Vibrotactile belts have been used in varied applications, such as navigational aids, spatial orientation display, and balance control. Researchers have mostly focused on the functionality of these vibrotactile belts for specific applications while neglecting performance and usability. Considering the versatility of a vibrotactile belt, we previously conducted a study on the design requirements for vibrotactile belts and introduced an implementation based on these design guidelines. This paper builds on our previous work and provides details for the implementation of a ubiquitous wearable vibrotactile belt. A case study is presented in which the proposed belt was used by a researcher for a novel application of teaching participants choreographed dance. The usability of the belt is demonstrated from the researcher's perspective in terms of functionality and performance and from the participants' perspectives in terms of usability attributes such as comfort and unobtrusiveness.
Characterization of a Broad-Specificity β-Glucanase Acting on β-(1,3)-, β-(1,4)-, and β-(1,6)-Glucans That Defines a New Glycoside Hydrolase Family (2012)

Here we report the cloning of the Pa_3_10940 gene from the coprophilic fungus Podospora anserina, which encodes a C-terminal family 1 carbohydrate binding module (CBM1) linked to a domain of unknown function. The function of the gene was investigated by expression of the full-length protein and a truncated derivative without the CBM1 domain in the yeast Pichia pastoris. Using a library of polysaccharides of different origins, we demonstrated that the full-length enzyme displays activity toward a broad range of β-glucan polysaccharides, including laminarin, curdlan, pachyman, lichenan, pustulan, and cellulosic derivatives. Analysis of the products released from polysaccharides revealed that this β-glucanase is an exo-acting enzyme on β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-linked glucan substrates and an endo-acting enzyme on β-(1,4)-linked glucan substrates. Hydrolysis of short β-(1,3), β-(1,4), and β-(1,3)/β-(1,4) gluco-oligosaccharides confirmed this striking feature and revealed that the enzyme performs in an exo-type mode on the nonreducing end of gluco-oligosaccharides. Excision of the CBM1 domain resulted in an inactive enzyme on all substrates tested. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an enzyme that displays bifunctional exo-β-(1,3)/(1,6) and endo-β-(1,4) activities toward beta-glucans and therefore cannot readily be assigned to existing Enzyme Commission groups. The amino acid sequence has high sequence identity to hypothetical proteins within the fungal taxa and thus defines a new family of glycoside hydrolases, the GH131 family.
A design of quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity (2002)

Space-time block codes from orthogonal designs proposed by Alamouti (1998), and Tarokh-Jafarkhani-Calderbank (1999) have attracted considerable attention lately due to their fast maximum-likelihood (ML) decoding and full diversity. However, the maximum symbol transmission rate of a space-time block code from complex orthogonal designs for complex constellations is only 3/4 for three and four transmit antennas. Jafarkhani (see IEEE Trans. Commun., vol.49, no.1, p.1-4, 2001), and Tirkkonen-Boariu-Hottinen (see ISSSTA 2000, p.429-32, September 2000) proposed space-time block codes from quasi-orthogonal designs, where the orthogonality is relaxed to provide higher symbol transmission rates. With the quasi-orthogonal structure, these codes still have a fast ML decoding, but do not have the full diversity. We design quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes with full diversity by properly choosing the signal constellations. In particular, we propose that half symbols in a quasi-orthogonal design are from a signal constellation A and another half of them are optimal selections from the rotated constellation e/sup j/spl phi///spl Ascr/. The optimal rotation angles /spl phi/ are obtained for some commonly used signal constellations. The resulting codes have both full diversity and fast ML decoding.