gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Facial Point Detection (2002)

A technique that automatically locates specific facial points on an unknown face image is presented. This technique uses log Gabor wavelets to represent each facial point by embedding local surrounding features. Using a sample log Gabor response of a facial point, locations on the unknown face image that appear similar to the sample facial point are detected. We identify facial points by employing geometric relationships between the facial points that are invariant to 2D rotations and scaling. An experiment is reported that uses three sample face images to determine the log Gabor representation of each facial point, and the technique is tested on an unknown face image. It demonstrates that the log Gabor representation is effective in finding similar features by successfully detecting and identifying all of the seven specified facial points. 1
Interstitial Diffusion of Copper and Silver in Lead (1966)

The diffusivities D of copper and silver in high-purity lead have been measured by a radioactive tracer technique. They are described by DCu/Pb = 7.9×10−3e−(8020/RT) cm2 sec−1, DAg/Pb = 4.6×10−2e−(14 440/RT) cm2 sec−1. These results, in combination with those of Seith and Keil and Ascoli et al., show that the rates of diffusion of the noble metals in lead are several orders of magnitude greater than the self-diffusion rate of lead DPb. We have found that DPb is not measurably affected by the dissolution of either gold, in agreement with Seith and Keil, or of copper. The results indicate that neither the vacancy, interstitialcy, nor exchange mechanisms are predominant in the diffusion of these solutes. It is concluded that the noble metals are dissolved in lead at least partially in the interstitial state and that they diffuse almost wholly by an interstitial mechanism.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of Difficult Peptide Sequences at Elevated Temperatures: A Critical Comparison of Microwave and Conventional Heating Technologies (2008)

The Fmoc/t-Bu solid-phase synthesis of three difficult peptide sequences (a 9-mer, 15-mer, and 24-mer) was performed using N,N'-diisopropylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazole as coupling reagent on polystyrene, Tentagel, and ChemMatrix resins. In order to obtain an insight into the specific role of the elevated temperature and/or the electromagnetic field for peptide syntheses carried out using microwave irradiation, peptide couplings and Fmoc-deprotection steps were studied under microwave and conventionally heated conditions at the same temperature. While room temperature couplings/deprotections generally produced the difficult peptides in rather poor quality, excellent peptide purities were obtained using microwave heating at a temperature of 86 degrees C for both the coupling and deprotection steps in only 10 and 2.5 min reaction time, respectively. While for most amino acids no significant racemization was observed, the high coupling temperatures led to considerable levels of racemization for the sensitive amino acids His and Cys. It was demonstrated for all three peptide sequences that when performing the coupling/deprotection steps at the same reaction temperature using conventional heating, nearly identical results in terms of both peptide purity and racemization levels were obtained. It therefore appears that the main effect of microwave irradiation applied to solid-phase peptide synthesis is a purely thermal effect not related to the electromagnetic field.
Fabrication and Electrochemical Characteristics of LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Powders for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Novel powder fabrication technologies provide opportunities to develop high-performance, low-cost cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Among various energy storage technologies, rechargeable lithium-ion batteries have been considered as effective solution to the increasing need for high-energy density electrochemical power sources. Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries offer energy densities 2–3 times and power densities 5–6 times higher than conventional Ni-Cd and Ni-MH batteries, and as a result, they weigh less and take less space for a given energy delivery. However, the use of lithium-ion batteries in many large applications such as electric vehicles and storage devices for future power grids is hindered by the poor thermal stability, relatively high toxicity, and high cost of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2) powders, which are currently used as the cathode material in commercial lithium-ion batteries. Recently, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) powders have become a favorable cathode material for lithium-ion batteries because of their low cost, high discharge potential (around 3.4 V versus Li/Li+), large specific capacity (170 mAh/g), good thermal stability, and high abundance with the environmentally benign and safe nature. As a result, there is a huge demand for the production of high-performance LiFePO4 powders. However, LiFePO4 also has its own limitation such as low conductivity (∼10−9 S/cm), which results in poor rate capability. This can be addressed by modifying the powder structure using novel fabrication technologies. This paper presents an overview of recent advances in the fabrication of high-performance LiFePO4 powders for lithium-ion batteries. The LiFePO4 powder fabrication methods covered include: solid-state synthesis, mechanochemical activation, carbothermal reduction, microwave heating, hydrothermal synthesis, sol-gel synthesis, spray pyrolysis, co-precipitation, microemulsion drying, and others. The impacts of these fabrication methods on the structure and performance of LiFePO4 powders are discussed. In addition, the improvement of the conductivity of LiFePO4 powders through novel powder technologies is addressed.
Optimisation of microstructured biodegradable finasteride formulation for depot parenteral application (2016)

This study aimed to use the biocompatibility features of the biodegradable polymers to prepare depot injectable finasteride (FIN) microspheres for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. FIN microspheres were prepared utilising an emulsion-solvent evaporation/extraction technique. The Box-Behnken experimental design was adopted to optimise the preparation process. FIN plasma levels in albino rabbits were determined after injection with optimised FIN microspheres formula and compared with oral FIN suspension. Results revealed that the optimum microspheres displayed an amended sustained release pattern with lower initial burst. The cumulative FIN % released after 25 days was in the range 27.83-73.18% for F4 and F1, respectively. The optimised formula, with 50.0% (X1), and 22.316% (X2) and 1.38% (X3) showed 6.503 μm, 93.213%, 14.574%, and 64.838% for Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4, respectively. In vivo studies displayed a sustained release pattern with minimal initial burst release when injected into rabbits.
A Family of New Generation Miniaturized Impedance Analyzers for Technical Object Diagnostics (2013)

Abstract The paper presents the family of three analyzers allowing to measure impedance in the range of 10 Ω<|Zx|<10 GΩ in a wide frequency range from 10 mHz up to 100 kHz. The most important features of the analyzer family are: miniaturization, low power consumption, low production cost, telemetric controlling and the use of an impedance measurement method based on digital signal processing (DSP). The miniaturization and other above-mentioned features of the analyzers were obtained thanks to the use of the newest generation of large-scale integration chips: e.g. “system on a chip” microsystems (AD5933), 32-bit AVR32-family microcontrollers and specialized modules for wireless communication using the ZigBee standard. When comparing metrological parameters, the developed instrumentation can equal portable analyzers offered by top worldwide manufacturers (Gamry, Ivium) but outperforms them on smaller dimensions, weight, a few times lower price and the possibility to work in a distributed telemetric network. All analyzer versions are able to be put into medium-volume production.
An automatic biasing scheme for tracing arbitrarily shaped I-V curves (1994)

A scheme for automated tracing of arbitrarily shaped I-V curves is presented. Tracing out the I-V curves for complicated device phenomena such as breakdown in bipolar transistors and latchup in CMOS structures using conventional device simulation techniques requires a priori knowledge of the shape of the I-V curve and thus is not suitable for exploring new device phenomena. This paper presents a dynamic load-line technique which adapts the boundary conditions as the trace progresses to ensure convergence. By monitoring the slope of the curve, an optimal boundary condition is determined for each point. The boundary condition consists of a voltage source and load resistance corresponding to a load line which is orthogonal to the differential resistance at each point. This orthogonality is defined in a coordinate system scaled by the DC resistance. Step size between points is also defined by this scaling and is varied according to a smoothness criterion. The algorithm guarantees fully automatic tracing of any I-V curve without prior knowledge of the curve's characteristics. Its implementation is completely external to the device simulator, i.e., it simply sets up the boundary conditions to be used by the simulator. Curve tracing examples which validate the algorithm are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of induction linacs with nonlinear magnetic drive as high average power accelerators (1984)

The marriage of induction linac technology with Nonlinear Magnetic Modulators has produced some unique capabilities. It appears possible to produce electron beams with average currents measured in amperes, at gradients exceeding 1 Mev/meter, and with power efficiencies approaching 50%. A 2 MeV, 5 kA electron accelerator is under construction at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) to allow us to demonstrate some of these concepts. Progress on this project is reported here.
Asymmetric Synthesis and Highly Diastereoselective ortho-Lithiation of Oxazolinylferrocenes (1995)

Highly diastereoselective ortho-lithiation (84-99% de) of chiral oxazolinylferrocenes followed by quenching with an electrophile such as MeI, PPh2Cl or (PhSe)2 leading to the corresponding ortho-substituted ferrocenes is accomplished. The molecular structure of a phenylseleno-substituted compound, fully characterized by X-ray crystallography, showed the attack of the electrophile from the unexpected site.
The potential impact of flooding on confined animal feeding operations in eastern North Carolina. (2002)

Thousands of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) have been constructed in eastern North Carolina. The fecal waste pit and spray field waste management systems used by these operations are susceptible to flooding in this low-lying region. To investigate the potential that flood events can lead to environmental dispersion of animal wastes containing numerous biologic and chemical hazards, we compared the geographic coordinates of 2,287 CAFOs permitted by the North Carolina Division of Water Quality (DWQ) with estimates of flooding derived from digital satellite images of eastern North Carolina taken approximately 1 week after Hurricane Floyd dropped as much as 15-20 inches of rain in September 1999. Three cattle, one poultry, and 237 swine operations had geographic coordinates within the satellite-based flooded area. DWQ confirmed 46 operations with breached or flooded fecal waste pits in the same area. Only 20 of these 46 CAFOs were within the satellite-based estimate of the inundated area. CAFOs within the satellite-based flood area were located in 132 census block groups with a population of 171,498 persons in the 2000 census. African Americans were more likely than whites to live in areas with flooded CAFOs according to satellite estimates, but not according to DWQ reports. These areas have high poverty rates and dependence on wells for drinking water. Our analysis suggests that flood events have a significant potential to degrade environmental health because of dispersion of wastes from industrial animal operations in areas with vulnerable populations.
Effect of Atorvastatin on Wound Healing in Rats (2014)

Skin-wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process involving inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Recent studies have shown that statins are new therapeutical options because of their actions, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity, on vasodilation, endothelial dysfunction and neoangiogenesis, which are independent of their lipid-lowering action. Our aim was to investigate the effect of atorvastatin on tissue repair after acute injury in healthy animals. Rats were divided into four groups: placebo-treated (P), topical atorvastatin-treated (AT), oral atorvastatin-treated (AO), topical and oral atorvastatin-treated (ATO). Under anesthesia, rats were wounded with an 8-mm punch in the dorsal region. Lesions were photographed on Days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 12, and 14 post-injury and samples taken on Days 1, 3, 7, and 14 for protein-expression analysis of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Upon macroscopic examination, we observed significant reductions of lesion areas in groups AT, AO, and ATO compared to the P group. Additionally, AT and AO groups showed increased expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3, and IL-10 on Days 1 and 3 when compared with the P group. All atorvastatin-treated groups showed higher expression of IRS-1, PI3K, Akt, GSK-3, IL-10, eNOS, VEGF, and ERK on Day 7. On Days 1, 3, and 7, all atorvastatin-treated groups showed lower expression of IL-6 and TNF-α when compared with the P group. We conclude that atorvastatin accelerated tissue repair of acute lesions in rats and modulated expressions of proteins and cytokines associated with cell-growth pathways.
Expression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma of the human peripheral lung. (2002)

The overexpression of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), a key regulator of protein synthesis, is involved in the malignant progression of various human cancers. We investigated eIF4E expression in atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) and adenocarcinomas of the human peripheral lung. On the basis of the WHO criteria with minor modifications, adenocarcinomas were classified as bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC), mixed subtypes with a bronchioloalveolar pattern and minor invasion (early MX), and mixed subtypes with a papillary pattern and marked invasion (overt MX). eIF4E immunohistochemistry was performed in 143 tissue samples (31 AAH, 38 BAC, 43 early MX, and 31 overt MX). Both tumoral and stromal eIF4E levels were elevated from AAH, BAC, and early MX to overt MX and significantly associated with histological grade (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Tumoral and stromal eIF4E staining intensities were significantly correlated (P < 0.01). Immunoblot analysis of 51 tissue samples (2 AAH, 11 BAC, 18 early MX, and 20 overt MX) demonstrated that eIF4E expression in adenocarcinomas was 3.4-7.4-fold higher than in normal lung and that its expression progressively increased in the following order: AAH (lowest expression), BAC, early MX, and overt MX (highest expression). Multiple regression analysis revealed that both tumoral and stromal eIF4E expressions were significant independent factors for the histological subtype (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively). These results suggest that translational control is dysregulated during the development of peripheral lung adenocarcinoma and that progressive increases of tumoral and stromal eIF4E may be part of a positive feedback loop for malignant progression.
Test vector modification for power reduction during scan testing (2003)

This paper presents a test vector modification method for reducing power dissipation during test application for a full-scan circuit. The method first identifies a set of don't care (X) inputs of given test vectors, to which either logic value 0 or 1 can be assigned without losing fault coverage. Then, the method reassigns logic values to the X inputs so as to decrease switching activity of the circuit during scan shifting. Experimental results for benchmark circuits show the proposed method could decrease switching activity of a given test set to 48% of the original test set.
GFP Affects Human T Cell Activation and Cytokine Production following In Vitro Stimulation (2013)

There are many Green Fluorescent Proteins (GFPs) originating from diverse species that are invaluable to cell biologists today because of their ability to provide experimental visualization of protein expression. Since their initial discovery, they have been modified and improved to provide more stable variants with emission ranges spanning a wide array of colors. Due to their ease of expression both in-vitro and in-vivo, they are an attractive choice for use as markers in molecular biology. GFPs are generally assumed to have negligible effects on the cells to which they have been introduced. However, a growing number of reports indicate that this is not always the case. Consequently, because of GFP's ubiquitous use, it is important to document the nature and extent of unintended effects. In this report, we find that GFP affects T cell activation, leading to defects in clustering, upregulation of the activation marker CD25 and IL-2 cytokine production following stimulation in human primary T cells that also express TurboGFP. We utilized a reporter assay which has been routinely used to assay the NF-κB pathway and found reduced NF-κB activitation in stimulated HEK293 and HeLa cells that were co-transfected with TurboGFP, suggesting that GFP interferes with signaling through the NF-κB pathway. These findings indicate that the utilization of GFP-tagged vectors may negatively impact in vitro experiments in T cells, emphasizing the critical importance of controls to identify any GFP-induced effects.
Results of an Internet-Based Dual-Frequency Global Differential GPS System (2000)

Observables from a global network of 18 GPS receivers are returned in real-time to JPL over the open Internet. 30 - 40 cm RSS global GPS orbits and precise dual-frequency GPS clocks are computed in real-time with JPL's Real Time Gipsy (RTG) software.
Efficacy and safety of gemcitabine-oxaliplatin combined with huachansu in patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma (2008)

GEMOX combined with huachansu (cinobufagin) injection is well tolerated, effective, thus improving the QOL of patients with advanced GBC.
Transcriptome Profile of Human Colorectal Adenomas (2007)

Colorectal cancers are believed to arise predominantly from adenomas. Although these precancerous lesions have been subjected to extensive clinical, pathologic, and molecular analyses, little is currently known about the global gene expression changes accompanying their formation. To characterize the molecular processes underlying the transformation of normal colonic epithelium, we compared the transcriptomes of 32 prospectively collected adenomas with those of normal mucosa from the same individuals. Important differences emerged not only between the expression profiles of normal and adenomatous tissues but also between those of small and large adenomas. A key feature of the transformation process was the remodeling of the Wnt pathway reflected in patent overexpression and underexpression of 78 known components of this signaling cascade. The expression of 19 Wnt targets was closely correlated with clear up-regulation of KIAA1199, whose function is currently unknown. In normal mucosa, KIAA1199 expression was confined to cells in the lower portion of intestinal crypts, where Wnt signaling is physiologically active, but it was markedly increased in all adenomas, where it was expressed in most of the epithelial cells, and in colon cancer cell lines, it was markedly reduced by inactivation of the beta-catenin/T-cell factor(s) transcription complex, the pivotal mediator of Wnt signaling. Our transcriptomic profiles of normal colonic mucosa and colorectal adenomas shed new light on the early stages of colorectal tumorigenesis and identified KIAA1199 as a novel target of the Wnt signaling pathway and a putative marker of colorectal adenomatous transformation.
Fast Optical Layer Mesh Protection Using Pre-Cross-Connected Trails (2004)

Conventional optical networks are based on SONET rings, but since rings are known to use bandwidth inefficiently, there has been much research into shared mesh protection, which promises significant bandwidth savings. Unfortunately, most shared mesh protection schemes cannot guarantee that failed traffic will be restored within the 50-ms timeframe that SONET standards specify. A notable exception is the p-cycle scheme of Grover and Stamatelakis. We argue, however, that p-cycles have certain limitations, e.g., there is no easy way to adapt p-cycles to a path-based protection scheme, and p-cycles seem more suited to static traffic than to dynamic traffic. In this paper we show that the key to fast restoration times is not a ring-like topology per se, but rather the ability to pre-cross-connect protection paths. This leads to the concept of a pre-cross-connected trail or PXT, which is a structure that is more flexible than rings and that adapts readily to both path-based and link-based schemes and to both static and dynamic traffic. The PXT protection scheme achieves fast restoration speeds, and our simulations, which have been carefully chosen using ideas from experimental design theory, show that the bandwidth efficiency of the PXT protection scheme is comparable to that of conventional shared mesh protection schemes.
Integration of MEMS Inertial Sensor-Based GNC of a UAV (2005)

Applying Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) inertial sensors for the Guidance, Navigation and Control (GNC) of an autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is an extremely challenging area. This paper presents a practical approach of applying an Inertial Navigation System (INS) using MEMS inertial sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, Magnetometer and Barometer for the GNC. The focus of this paper is the design of a 250-g Micro-GNC for autonomous UAV. The INS/GPS/Mag/Baro integrated navigation loop provides continuous and reliable navigation solutions to the guidance and flight control loop. The guidance loop computes the guidance demands from the current UAV states to satisfy mission requirements. The flight control loop generates actuator control signals to transports the UAV to the desired location. The whole GNC algorithm was implemented within an embedded flight control computer. The real-time flight test results show that the UAV can perform the autonomous flight reliably. Keyword: IMU, INS, GPS, UAV, MEMS, Navigation, Integrated System.