gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Power and Noise for Analog and Digital Sections of a Low Power Radio Receiver (2008)

We determine the optimal allocation of power between the\nanalog and digital sections of an RF receiver while meeting\nthe BER constraint. Unlike conventional RF receiver designs,\nwe treat the SNR at the output of the analog front end\n(SNRAD) as a design parameter rather than a specification\nto arrive at this optimal allocation. We first determine the\nrelationship of the SNRAD to the resolution and operating\nfrequency of the digital section. We then use power models\nfor the analog and digital sections to solve the power minimization\nproblem. As an example, we consider a 802.15.4\ncompliant low-IF receiver operating at 2.4 GHz in 0.13 μm\ntechnology with 1.2 V power supply. We find that the overall\nreceiver power is minimized by having the analog front\nend provide an SNR of 1.3dB and the ADC and the digital\nsection operate at 1-bit resolution with 18MHz sampling\nfrequency while achieving a power dissipation of 7mW.
Beyond the light (1990)

The fire was dying. Michael stood up and moved the log closer. The fading embers gave off little light, and beyond the sphere of the fire's dull glow, dark shapes rose up in outline against the horizon, swaying and watching. Michael glanced over his shoulder and shivered. It was getting cold...
Real time digital simulation for control and protection system testing (2004)

Today's power system environment is becoming more and more complex. Electrical power networks are being pushed closer to their limits, while at the same time higher reliability and efficiency are demanded. As a result, electrical equipment manufacturers are developing advanced equipment and installations to meet these requirements. Part of the challenge in designing such apparatus is the need to accurately simulate (prove) and test these devices before they are installed in an actual power system. The real time digital simulator (RTDS) allows developers to accurately and efficiently simulate electrical power systems and their ideas to improve them. The RTDS simulator operates in real time, therefore not only allowing the simulation of the power system, but also making it possible to test physical protection and control equipment. This gives developers the means to prove their ideas, prototypes and final products in a realistic environment. This paper will summarize the fundamental design of the RTDS simulator, with particular emphasis on recent developments and enhancements. It will also describe practical applications of the simulator in the various stages of power system design, testing and implementation. A brief description of ongoing development for the real time simulation of voltage source converter (VSC) converters is included.
Use of FBG sensors in SHM of aerospace structures (2011)

This paper details some significant findings on the use of the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for structural health monitoring (SHM) in aerospace fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) structures. A diminutive sensor provides a capability of imbedding inside FRP structures to monitor vital locations of damage. Some practical problems associated with the implementation of FBG based SHM systems in the aerospace FRP structures such as the difficulty of embedding FBG sensors during the manufacturing process and interrelation of distortion to FBG spectra due to internal damage, and other independent effects will be thoroughly studied. An innovative method to interpret FBG signals for identifying damage inside the structures will also be discussed.
The Central Portion of Factor H (Modules 10–15) Is Compact and Contains a Structurally Deviant CCP Module (2009)

The first eight and the last two of 20 complement control protein (CCP) modules within complement factor H (fH) encompass binding sites for C3b and polyanionic carbohydrates. These binding sites cooperate self-surface selectively to prevent C3b amplification, thus minimising complement-mediated damage to host. Intervening fH CCPs, apparently devoid of such recognition sites, are proposed to play a structural role. One suggestion is that the generally small CCPs 10-15, connected by longer-than-average linkers, act as a flexible tether between the two functional ends of fH; another is that the long linkers induce a 180 degrees bend in the middle of fH. To test these hypotheses, we determined the NMR-derived structure of fH12-13 consisting of module 12, shown here to have an archetypal CCP structure, and module 13, which is uniquely short and features a laterally protruding helix-like insertion that contributes to a prominent electropositive patch. The unusually long fH12-13 linker is not flexible. It packs between the two CCPs that are not folded back on each other but form a shallow vee shape; analytical ultracentrifugation and X-ray scattering supported this finding. These two techniques additionally indicate that flanking modules (within fH11-14 and fH10-15) are at least as rigid and tilted relative to neighbours as are CCPs 12 and 13 with respect to one another. Tilts between successive modules are not unidirectional; their principal axes trace a zigzag path. In one of two arrangements for CCPs 10-15 that fit well with scattering data, CCP 14 is folded back onto CCP 13. In conclusion, fH10-15 forms neither a flexible tether nor a smooth bend. Rather, it is compact and has embedded within it a CCP module (CCP 13) that appears to be highly specialised given both its deviant structure and its striking surface charge distribution. A passive, purely structural role for this central portion of fH is unlikely.
A thermosensitive low molecular weight hydrogel as scaffold for tissue engineering (2012)

Hydrogels that are non-toxic, easy to use, cytocompatible, injectable and degradable are valuable biomaterials for tissue engineering and tissue repair. However, few compounds currently fulfil these requirements. In this study, we describe the biological properties of a new type of thermosensitive hydrogel based on low-molecular weight glycosyl-nucleosyl-fluorinated (GNF) compound. This gel forms within 25 min by self-assembly of monomers as temperature decreases. It degrades slowly in vitro and in vivo. It induces moderate chronic inflammation and is progressively invaded by host cells and vessels, suggesting good integration to the host environment. Although human adult mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (ASC) cannot adhere on the gel surface or within a 3D gel scaffold, cell aggregates grow and differentiate normally when entrapped in the GNF-based gel. Moreover, this hydrogel stimulates osteoblast differentiation of ASC in the absence of osteogenic factors. When implanted in mice, gel-entrapped cell aggregates survive for several weeks in contrast with gel-free spheroids. They are maintained in their original site of implantation where they interact with the host tissue and adhere on the extracellular matrix. They can differentiate in situ into alkaline phosphatase positive osteoblasts, which deposit a calcium phosphate-rich matrix. When injected into subcutaneous sites, gel-encapsulated cells show similar biological properties as implanted gel-cells complexes. These data point GNF-based gels as a novel class of hydrogels with original properties, in particular osteogenic potential, susceptible of providing new therapeutic solutions especially for bone tissue engineering applications.
In Vitro Modulation of Anti-DNA Secreting Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Lupus Patients by Anti-Idiotypic Antibody of Pooled Human Intravenous Immune Globulin (1993)

Anti-idiotypic antibody and its F(ab')2 fragments prepared from pooled normal human IgG had a partial inhibitory effect on the spontaneous in vitro secretion of anti-DNA antibodies from blood mononuclear cells of lupus patients. The inhibitory effect was specific for anti-DNA secretion as the anti-idiotype failed to inhibit the spontaneous secretion of anti-tetanus toxoid in the same culture supernatants. Non-anti-DNA IgG or its F(ab')2 fragments from pooled normal human IgG had less inhibitory effect on anti-DNA secretion than the purified anti-Id. In vitro polyclonal IgG secretion by lupus blood mononuclear cells was equally inhibited by both the anti-idiotype and the non-anti-DNA IgG of pooled normal human IgG. There was no correlation between the in vitro suppression of anti-DNA and that of total IgG or of anti-tetanus toxoid antibody. Pooled normal human IgG could have a potential beneficial effect in the therapy of systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibiting anti-DNA production via an anti-idiotypic mechanism.
Gasification. 2nd. ed. (2008)

This book covers gasification as a comprehensive topic, covering its many uses, from refining, to natural gas, to coal. It provides an overview of commercial processes and covers applications relevant to today's demands. The new edition is expanded and provides more detail on the integration issues for current generation, state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycles (IGCC); CO{sub 2} capture in the IGCC context addressing the issues of pre-investment and retrofitting as well as defining what the term 'CO{sub 2} capture ready' might mean in practice; issues of plant reliability, availability and maintainability (RAM) including as evaluation of feedback from existing plants; implementation of fuel cell technology in IGCC concepts. Contents are: Introduction; The Thermodynamics of Gasification; The Kinetics of Gasification and Reactor Theory; Feedstocks and Feedstock Characteristics; Gasification Processes; Practical Issues; Applications; Auxiliary Technologies; Economics, environmental, and Safety Issues; Gasification and the Future. 5 apps.
Enabling Microscale and Nanoscale Approaches for Bioengineered Cardiac Tissue (2013)

In this issue of ACS Nano, Shin et al. present their finding that the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) in gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) results in improved functionality of bioengineered cardiac tissue. These CNT-GelMA hybrid materials demonstrate cardiac tissue with enhanced electrophysiological performance; improved mechanical integrity; better cell adhesion, viability, uniformity, and organization; increased beating rate and lowered excitation threshold; and protective effects against cardio-inhibitory and cardio-toxic drugs. In this Perspective, we outline recent progress in cardiac tissue engineering and prospects for future development. Bioengineered cardiac tissues can be used to build "heart-on-a-chip" devices for drug safety and efficacy testing, fabricate bioactuators for biointegrated robotics and reverse-engineered life forms, treat abnormal cardiac rhythms, and perhaps one day cure heart disease with tissue and organ transplants.
CBWL: a new channel assignment and sharing method for cellular communication systems (1994)

A new scheme that allows cell gateways (base stations) to borrow channels from adjacent gateways in a cellular communication system is presented. Borrowed channels are used with reduced transmitted power to limit interference with cochannel cells. No channel locking is needed. The scheme, which can be used with various multiple access techniques, permits simple channel control management without requiring global information about channel usage throughout the system. It provides enhanced traffic performance in homogeneous environments and also can be used to relieve spatially localized traffic overloads (tele-traffic 'hot spots'). Co-channel interference analysis shows that the scheme can maintain the same SIR as nonborrowing schemes. Analytical models using multidimensional birth-death processes and decomposition methods are devised to characterize performance. The results which are also validated by simulation indicate that significantly increased traffic capacity can be achieved in comparison with nonborrowing schemes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Rapid Coliphage Assat (1997)

A rapid coliphage detection assay (RCDA), based on the phage-induced release of b-galactosidase from cells of Escherichia coli (Ijzerman, M., J.O. Falkinham III and C. Hagedorn. (1993) [A liquid, colorimetric presence-absence coliphage detection method. J. Virol. Meth. 45:229-234] was modified to reduce the number of steps required to perform the assay, remove the need for specialized media and buffers, reduce the volumes required, and simplify growth and reaction conditions. Tolerances of the assay were defined at each step of the assay. The number of steps has been reduced from 12 to 7. The b-galactosidase reaction buffer was eliminated. Culture volumes were reduced from 25 ml to 5 ml and reaction volumes were reduced from 10 ml to 0.5 ml. Optimal growth conditions were 37 o C with orbital shaking at 200 rpm, a one hour subculture time and an incubation of subculture with water sample for two hours. Color development occurred at 37 o C in 30 minutes. The changes and modifications of the assay increased the ease of its performance without sacrificing the ability of the assay to detect as few as two phage particles per sample. By understanding the tolerances of the assay, technical support representatives of companies producing kits modeled after the assay will be prepared to answer questions from customers concerning possible kit failures or user error.
Selective expansion of human gamma delta T cells by monocytes infected with live Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (1991)

Gamma delta (gamma delta) T cell receptor (TCR) expressing T cells comprise 3% of human peripheral blood lymphocytes, yet their role in the immune response remains largely unknown. There is evidence both in humans and in animal models that these cells participate in the immune response to mycobacterial antigens. In mice, exposure to mycobacterial antigens leads to the expansion of gamma delta T cells in draining lymph nodes and lungs. In humans, gamma delta T cell lines with reactivity to mycobacterial antigens have been derived from synovial fluid of a rheumatoid arthritis patient, skin lesions of leprosy patients, and peripheral blood of a healthy tuberculin reactor. Very little is known, however, about the factors which induce human gamma delta T cells to expand. In studies comparing the human T cell response to live and heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT), we have found that monocytes infected with live MT are very effective inducers of human gamma delta T cell expansion. After 7 d of exposure to live MT, gamma delta T cells were greatly increased in all healthy tuberculin reactors (PPD+) tested and frequently were the predominant T cell population. In contrast, heat-killed MT or purified protein products of MT induced a CD4+, alpha beta TCR+ T cell response with very little increase in gamma delta T cells. Furthermore, a similar selective induction of gamma delta T cells was observed when monocytes infected with live Salmonella were used to stimulate T cells. Heat-killed Salmonella, like heat-killed MT, induced a predominantly CD4+ alpha beta TCR+ T cell response. These findings suggest that human gamma delta T cells are a major reactive T cell population during the early stages of infection with living intracellular bacteria and are therefore likely to exert an important role in the initial interaction between host and parasite.
Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Is Up-Regulated in Thyroid Carcinoma and Drives the Development of an Immunosuppressant Tumor Microenvironment (2014)

For the first time, this study demonstrates a pivotal role of IDO1 in the suppression of lymphocyte function in thyroid carcinoma microenvironment.
Comparison of light-transmission and -backscattering methods in the measurement of red blood cell aggregation (2010)

Light-transmission and light-backscattering methods are commonly used to determine red-blood-cell (RBC) aggregation. Even though the results reveal good correlations between the parameters that are measured by these two methods, the methods themselves yield quite different values. The objective of this research is to investigate and delineate the characteristics of the two optical methods. We measured RBC aggregation by using a newly developed microchip-based aggregometer. An orthogonal polarization technique, wherein multiple scattering causes polarized light to be depolarized and passed through an orthogonal polarizer, was applied to the backscattering method. Our results were also compared to those of conventional aggregometers [laser-assisted optical rotational cell analyzer (LORCA)], and revealed that the backscattering method yielded higher aggregation indices than the transmission method and LORCA. However, the backscattering method with orthogonal polarization yielded the same values of aggregation indices as the transmission method. These agreements between the two methods were also found in measurements of RBC aggregability in various concentrations of dextran solutions.
<title>Using the centroid operator for faster multiresolution image compression and pattern recognition</title> (1995)

It is possible to build a multiresolution image encoding technique using the fractal transform. Fractal encoding methods rely on measuring least mean square difference between image blocks at two different spatial scales for most efficient block matching. If we instead, compute the centroid of the blocks to be matched before matching occurs and preserve this centroid information in the encoding process we both speed up the encoding process and have information that will allow us to interpret the shape of the objects in the encoded scenes. This ability may dramatically increase the speed at which pattern identification in large volumes of image data may be performed since less data would have to be processed for searches over large number of images.
Flow cytometric analysis of cell-killing actions of 5-fluorouracil in human colorectal cancer cells. (1994)

To confirm our previous kinetic analysis of the mode of cell-killing action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), we carried out a flow cytometric analysis with human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells. Cells were treated with each cytotoxic concentration of 5-FU for 1 or 72 h, and the periodic changes in flow cytometric pattern were compared with those of 5-fluorouridine (FUrd) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd). When cells were cultured with 5-FU for 72 h, most of them accumulated in S phase and remained there. This pattern was the same as that seen in cells that were continuously exposed to FdUrd. In contrast, when cells were exposed to 5-FU for 1 h and cultured in drug-free medium, they ended the cell-cycle traverse in either G2/M or G1 phase after an immediate but transient accumulation in S phase. Results were identical to those observed with cells similarly treated with FUrd. These results demonstrated a good accordance with those of our kinetic analysis, and strongly suggested that the mode of cell-killing exhibited by 5-FU differs with exposure time: 5-FU acts like FUrd in short exposure conditions, and it acts similarly to FdUrd in continuous exposure conditions.
Reading Alloys embarks on $7·2m expansion project (2007)

To meet the market demand for high purity specialty powders, Reading Alloys will construct a new state-of-the-art 2300 m2 (25 000 ft2) fine powder manufacturing facility at its corporate headquarters in Robesonia, PA. The company has about 170 employees and plans on creating 55 new positions within three years on this site.
Reliable kinect-based navigation in large indoor environments (2015)

Practical mapping and navigation solutions for large indoor environments continue to rely on relatively expensive range scanners, because of their accuracy, range and field of view. Microsoft Kinect on the other hand is inexpensive, is easy to use and has high resolution, but suffers from high noise, shorter range and a limiting field of view. We present a mapping and navigation system that uses the Microsoft Kinect sensor as the sole source of range data and achieves performance comparable to state-of-the-art LIDAR-based systems. We show how we circumvent the main limitations of Kinect to generate usable 2D maps of relatively large spaces and to enable robust navigation in changing and dynamic environments. We use the Benchmark for Robotic Indoor Navigation (BRIN) to quantify and validate the performance of our system.
Positive Dielectrophoretic Mobilities of Single Microparticles Enhanced by the Dynamic Diffusion Cloud of Ions (2000)

Dielectrophoretic behavior of single polystyrene-carboxylate microparticles and polystyrene microparticles was studied with a quadrupole microelectrode. For positive dielectrophoresis (DEP) of polystyrene-carboxylate particle observed in the lower frequency region (≤10 kHz), a DEP mobility coefficient (α) was almost proportional to the square of ac voltage (Urms, root mean square), as was expected from standard theories of DEP. The α values did not depend on the particle radius (re), but depended on the kind of electrolyte in the order HCl ≫ KCl ≈ KOH ≥ tetrabutylammonium chloride, showing a specific enhancement by H+. Since this observation was against the standard theories, we introduced a DEP radius (rDEP) of a Debye-type function instead of the particle radius to fit the observed α values in the lower frequency region. The positive DEP behaviors were reproduced by a function of rDEP and the surface conductivity of the negatively charged particles. As for negative DEP observed in the higher frequency region (≥56 kHz), proportional relationships between α and Urms2 and ones between α and re2 were obtained as predicted by the standard theories. The obtained rDEP values increased with a decrease in the ac frequency, and the rDEP value in the HCl system was larger than those for the other systems. These suggested that the rDEP was controlled by the moving distance of cations swung by the applied ac electric field in the dynamic diffusion cloud around the particles.
Surface Energies and Thermodynamic Phase Stability in Nanocrystalline Aluminas (1997)

Corundum, α-Al 2 O 3 , is the thermodynamically stable phase of coarsely crystalline aluminum oxide, but syntheses of nanocrystalline Al 2 O 3 usually result in γ-Al 2 O 3 . Adsorption microcalorimetry, thermogravimetric analyses, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller adsorption experiments, coupled with recently reported high-temperature solution calorimetry data, prove that γ-Al 2 O 3 has a lower surface energy than α-Al 2 O 3 and becomes energetically stable at surface areas greater than 125 square meters per gram and thermodynamically stable at even smaller surface areas (for example, 75 square meters per gram at 800 kelvin). The results are in agreement with recent molecular dynamics simulations and provide conclusive experimental evidence that differences in surface energy can favor the formation of a particular polymorph.