gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fe/Co Alloys for the Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Single- and Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). 2. The CNT−Fe/Co−MgAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> System (2005)

A detailed 57Fe Mössbauer study of the Mg(0.8)Fe(0.2-y)Co(y)Al2O4 (y = 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2) solid solutions and of the CNT-Fe/Co-MgAl2O4 nanocomposite powders prepared by reduction in H2-CH4 has allowed characterization of the different iron phases involved in the catalytic process of carbon nanotube (CNT) formation and to correlate these results with the carbon and CNT contents. The oxide precursors consist of defective spinels of general formulas (Mg(1-x-y)(2+)Fe(x-3alpha)(2+)Fe(2alpha)(3+)[symbol: see text](alpha)Co(y)(2+)Al2(3+))O4(2-) . The metallic phase in the CNT-Fe/Co-MgAl2O4 nanocomposite powders is mostly in the form of the ferromagnetic alpha-Fe/Co alloy with the desired composition. For high iron initial proportions, the additional formation of Fe3C and gamma-Fe-C is observed while for high cobalt initial proportions, the additional formation of a gamma-Fe/Co-C phase is favored. The higher yield of CNTs is observed for postreaction alpha-Fe(0.50)Co(0.50) catalytic particles, which form no carbide and have a narrow size distribution. Alloying is beneficial for this system with respect to the formation of CNTs.
2016 James R. Browning Symposium Keynote (2017)

We worked on a number of cases before, and I wish he was back in the Attorney General's office, but I have a wonderful solicitor general who is in the room today.I am going to introduce him.Dale Schowengerdt is my solicitor general and Stuart Segrest is one of our assistant attorneys general.They are interviewing for an intern job if any of you students in the back are interested, and that is my pitch for coming to work for Department of Justice.But anyway, thank you for being here.I really want to thank all those for taking time out of their busy day to come and listen.I should also point out Madison Mattioli is here, too.She is one of my assistant attorneys general and matriculated from this law school, as did Stuart.But, I want to thank each and every one of you for taking the time to come here and to listen and learn and ask questions and be a part of really the solutions going forward on these important issues.As Brandon mentioned, I have really strong ties to Missoula.Like John Belushi, I had many years of school, only mine were not wasted.I have deep affection for this community.This is a wonderful community, the broader Missoula County community.And that is, as Brandon mentioned, why I took a real deep interest in the important legal dispute between the Missoula County Attorney's Office and the U.S. Department of Justice.I want to stop for a moment before I get into any more about that, to thank my colleague Mike Cotter, US Attorney for the District of Montana, for his fine work in making sure that these issues were addressed properly in Missoula County, and in fact, all across the State of Montana.So thank you, Mike.At the core of the dispute were questions about how the County Attorney's Office has handled sex assault cases and, even more deeply, whether or not the federal government could be involved in prosecutorial
Flow cytometric analysis of reticulated platelets: evidence for a large proportion of non‐specific labelling of dense granules by fluorescent dyes (1998)

The labelling of platelets with thiazole orange (TO) has been utilized by various laboratories to determine the percentage of reticulated platelets within whole blood or platelet-rich plasma (PRP). A proportion of TO labelling, however, is not entirely mRNA specific and remains to be fully defined. Almost half of the total TO-positive signal within normal platelets (n = 5) was shown to be abrogated upon degranulation with 80 microM thrombin receptor activating peptide (TRAP) (P = 0.006), strongly suggesting that platelet granules are non-specifically labelling with dye. We have confirmed this hypothesis by studying TO labelling of platelets within whole blood from dense granule deficient patients, e.g. Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) (n = 5) and storage pool disease (SPD) (n = 4). The levels of TO-positive platelets were found to be significantly lower than normal (P = 0.0003 and P = 0.0002 respectively), but not significantly different from TRAP degranulated platelets. Upon degranulation of HPS and SPD platelets there was very little further reduction in the TO signal. Incubation of normals and SPD whole blood with different concentrations of either TO or coriphosphine-O confirmed that dense granules were non-specifically labelling even at high concentrations of both dyes. These findings suggest that although TO labelling is in part RNA specific, the dense granular pool of nucleotides appears to cause a substantial amount (approximately 50%) of non-specific labelling observed under these conditions of assay. This can easily be controlled for by a degranulation step with a non-enzymatic platelet agonist such as TRAP, and may have important consequences for the eventual standardization. clinical utilization and automation of reticulated platelet assays.
Structural studies on lens proteins (1967)

The sequence around the thiol group in lens proteins has been investigated. The proteins were converted into their carboxy[(14)C]methyl derivatives and submitted to partial acid hydrolysis, or digested with proteolytic enzymes. Acid hydrolysis of bovine alpha-crystallin gives N-seryl-(S-carboxymethyl)cysteine, Ser-CMCys (Waley, 1965a), but this dipeptide is not obtained from beta-crystallin or gamma-crystallin. Trypsin and chymotrypsin also give different peptides from the three crystallins. The radioactive peptide from alpha-crystallin and chymotrypsin has the sequence Ser-CMCys-Ser-Leu; another peptide, Asp-Leu-Leu-Phe, was also identified. The radioactive peptides obtained from bovine alpha-crystallin are probably also obtained from human alpha-crystallin, and from bovine and human albuminoid (the insoluble lens protein). alpha-Crystallin has been fractionated by chromatography in urea on DEAE-cellulose. Comparison of the fractions by peptide ;mapping', and immunochemically, shows that they fall into two classes. The fraction eluted first differs from the later fractions, but the later fractions resemble each other The first fraction may represent impurities, or it may be a structurally different sub-unit of alpha-crystallin.
The impact of production innovations in the fuel ethanol industry (1993)

The fuel ethanol industry relies heavily on the adoption of new technology to reduce its production costs and maintain competitiveness with substitute oxygenates. This article identifies new innovations which are likely to be adopted in the next 10 years. These innovations are incorporated into model plants of 1996 and 2001 and production cost savings over the present is estimated.
Control strategy in hybrid electric vehicle using fuzzy logic controller (2009)

In a hybrid vehicle with dual power systems such as internal combustion engines working with conventional fuels and electric motors, each system has specific operational characteristics and requirements which these have to be matched with each other and at the same time with the vehicle itself. This dual power system is too complex especially from points of nonlinearity, uncertainty, and switching structure and needs to be controlled by an intelligent controller accurately to meet vehicle's needs, guaranteeing stability, smooth operation and also today's standards. According to the discrete behavior of HEV, a model of this system has been developed in MATLAB/Simulink. In this work an on-line strategy based on fuzzy logic control is developed for energy flow management between internal combustion engine (ICE), as a major source of energy and batteries as energy storage system (ESS). It will optimize the power output, fuel economy and also meets vehicle's operational requirements. In addition, Battery State of Charge (SOC) is kept within a suitable range to guarantee the life expectancy of the battery. Using this controller, the model shows major improvement in fuel consumption and emissions levels. The overall design of the controller meant a smooth power flow to the wheels and consequently to the vehicle. The robust properties of the controller and its capabilities during different driving cycles (urban/highway) makes it unique. For validation purposes the simulation results are compared with the results derived from Advisor software and the experimental results in the literature.
Synthesis of some benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives. Action of aliphatic selenonesters on some <i>o</i>‐phenylenediamine, <i>o</i>‐amino‐phenol and <i>o</i>‐aminothiophenol and their derivatives (1977)

Abstract Aliphatic selenonesters react with o ‐phenylenediamine, o ‐aminophenol and o ‐aminothiophenol and their derivatives to form benzimidazole, benzoxazole and benzothiazole derivatives, respectively. The mass and nmr spectra of the mentioned compounds were studied.
Chromium, Exercise, and Body Composition (2000)

Chromium is an essential trace element involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins mainly by increasing the efficiency of insulin. Chromium deficiency affects the maintenance of normal glucose tolerance and healthy lipid profiles. The Estimated Safe and Adequate Daily Dietary Intake for chromium is 50 to 200 microg/d for adults. However, the dietary intake of chromium in humans is often suboptimal. Chromium assessment has proven to be a challenge due to the low amounts of chromium present in biological materials and the absence of a reliable indicator of chromium status. Recently, chromium has been touted as an agent for increasing lean body mass and decreasing percent body fat. This article reviews the various studies that have been conducted to investigate the relationship of chromium with exercise and body composition.
A phytotoxin, betaenone C, and its related metabolites of Phoma betae Fr. (1983)

In the previous paper,x) we reported the structural determination of betaenones A (1) and B (2), phytotoxic metabolites of Phoma betae Fr., which cause leaf spot disease in sugar beet. We report here the isolation and structural characterization of four new metabolites, i.e., betaenones C (3), D (4), E (5) and F (6). Among betaenones (1, 2, and 3),
Baker's asthma (1983)

Seven bakers with respiratory symptoms were evaluated by skin tests, RAST assay for specific IgE antibodies to rye and wheat, inhalation challenge with methacholine for the determination of non-specific bronchial reactivity, and bronchoprovocation with rye and wheat extracts for the determination of antigen-specific bronchial reactivity. An immediate asthmatic response to antigen challenge was observed in four subjects and all of them had a high level of flour-specific IgE antibodies. The serum RAST values provided a more accurate predictive value than the degree of cutaneous sensitivity determined by skin testing with respect to the bronchial response to antigenic challenge. Among those who reacted positively to antigenic bronchoprovocation, a much lower antigen dose was required to elicit a positive reaction if the subject also had an increased degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity. An elevated RAST value was not found in thirty-eight asymptomatic bakers or in ten asthmatics who had no occupational exposure to flour. Thus, baker's asthma appears to be a form of allergic asthma to cereal flours mediated by specific IgE antibodies. Both the level of serum IgE antibodies and the degree of non-specific bronchial reactivity are important factors which may influence a baker's bronchial response upon inhalation of cereal flours.
Security Implications of Transport Layer Protocols in Power Grid Synchrophasor Data Communication (2015)

Wide-area monitoring and control (WAMC) systems based on synchrophasor data streams are becoming more and more significant to the operation of the smart power grid. Reliable and secure communication, and higher quality of service (very low latency, high availability, etc.) of data are crucial to the success of WAMC systems. However, the IEEE standard for synchrophasor data communication (IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011) does not place any restrictions on the choice of transport layer protocols. In light of this, we examine the communication between synchrophasors [phasor measurement units (PMUs)] and phasor data concentrators to analyze potential security vulnerabilities present at the transport layer, and investigate the advantages and disadvantages of both the TCP and UDP protocols, respectively, with an emphasis on security issues. Demonstrations of attacks related to these security vulnerabilities are shown in lab environment and underlying mechanisms are analyzed to determine the capabilities attackers to succeed with them.
Weighted DFT Codebook for Multiuser MIMO in Spatially Correlated Channels (2011)

This paper proposes a novel codebook for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output systems under spatially correlated channels. Existing codebooks designed for correlated channels either require accurate channel statistics which is not favorable for practical systems, or only perform well in highly correlated channels. In this paper, we first analyze the per-user rate loss led by using DFT codebook, then propose a two-level codebook, named weighted DFT codebook. It consists of a DFT-based codebook and a Grassmannian linear packing codebook. The proposed scheme does not need accurate channel statistics and can adapt to both correlated and uncorrelated scenarios. Simulation results show significant performance gain of the proposed codebook over the existing codebooks in various correlated channels.
Fringe-orientation maps and fringe skeleton extraction by the two-dimensional derivative-sign binary-fringe method (1994)

The fringe-orientation information of an interferometric fringe pattern is provided in the form of a fringe-orientation map by spin filtering. The fringe-orientation information is an important feature of fringe patterns and is helpful in many fringe-pattern processing algorithms. With the help of a fringe-orientation map the two-dimensional derivative-sign binary-fringe method is developed to extract fringe skeletons from a fringe pattern with an arbitrary fringe distribution. This fringe skeleton extraction method does not require thresholds and a thinning process. It is relatively robust and highly accurate.
Foot pressure measurement: A review of clinical findings (1986)

In this review, a description of what is known about plantar pressure distribution in standing and in gait is followed by sections on clinical findings. Two major clinical areas are treated extensively, namely the diabetic foot and the foot in rheumatoid arthritis. Other applications, including the assessment of surgical procedures for orthopaedic corrections are also included. A large variety of different techniques for foot pressure measurement have been used; interpretation of the results has to be made on the basis of a firm understanding of the technique employed. Often, quantitative results from different pieces of apparatus are difficult to compare, indicating a need for accurate calibration and a standardized presentation. An up-to-date summary of pressure measurement systems reported over the past five years is included.
High Speed Droplet-based Delivery System for Passive Pumping in Microfluidic Devices (2009)

A novel microfluidic system has been developed that uses the phenomenon of passive pumping along with a user controlled droplet based fluid delivery system. Passive pumping is the phenomenon by which surface tension induced pressure differences drive fluid movement in closed channels. The automated fluid delivery system consists of a set of voltage controlled valves with micro-nozzles connected to a fluid reservoir and a control system. These voltage controlled valves offer a volumetrically precise way to deliver fluid droplets to the inlet of a microfluidic device in a high frequency manner. Based on the dimensions demonstrated in the current study example, the system is capable of flowing 4 milliliters per minute (through a 2.2 mm by 260 microm cross-sectional channel). Based on these same channel dimensions, fluid exchange of a point inside the channel can be achieved in as little as eight milliseconds. It is observed that there is interplay between momentum of the system (imparted by a combination of the droplets created by the valves and the fluid velocity in the channel), and the surface tension of the liquid. Where momentum provides velocity to the fluid flow (or vice-versa), equilibration of surface tension at the inlet provides a sudden stop to any flow. This sudden stop allows the user to control the flow characteristics of the channel and opens the door for a variety of biological applications, ranging anywhere from reagent delivery to drug-cell studies. It is also observed that when nozzles are aimed at the inlet at shallow angles, the droplet momentum can cause additional interesting fluid phenomena, such as mixing of multiple droplets in the inlet.
On the Immersion Testing of Degradable Implant Materials in Simulated Body Fluid: Active pH Regulation Using CO<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Abstract Predictions of in vivo degradation behavior derived from laboratory experiments are of great importance in the development of biodegradable materials. A key issue is the simulation of the physiological conditions found in living organisms. Generally, the testing solution and in particular the pH buffer have a significant influence on the outcome of degradation experiments. This study presents results obtained from immersion tests in SBF buffered with gaseous CO 2 . The control of the pH value by means of CO 2 has the advantage of better reflecting physiological conditions, and allows the carrying out of in vitro experiments which are closer to the in vivo situation.
Nucleotide, II. Über die Verseifung von Dinucleosidmonophosphorsäurephenylester und die Isomerisierung der Internucleotid‐Bindung (1975)

Abstract Die alkalische Hydrolyse der 3′ → 3′‐( 8 ), 3′ → 5′‐( 1 ) und 5′ → 5′‐Thymidylyl‐thymidin‐phenylester ( 10 ) verläft unter mehr oder weniger starker Isomerisierung der Internucleotid‐Bindung. Der Gehalt an den jeweils drei möglichen 3′ → 3′‐( 6 ), 3′ → 5′‐( 5 ) und 5′ → 5′‐Thymidylyl‐thymidinen ( 4 ) wird quantitativ auf chromatographischem bzw. enzymatischem Wege bestimmt. Die größte Isomerisierungstendenz zeigt das 3′ → 3′‐Isomere 8 . Ein Mechanismus dieser Umwandlungsreaktionen wird diskutiert.
Limits of on-line strategies of reanalysis (2002)

In this paper, the author evaluates the operative validity of several on-line parsing strategies. This evaluation will consist in testing each of these strategies' ability to solve a particular type of GP sentence, whose onset of ambiguity presents several levels of linguistic complexity. The goal is twofold: (i) to demonstrate that serial parsers with on-line strategies are unable to escape the garden path effect during the processing of complex GP sentences of the type presented in this paper; and (ii) to show that, the more levels of ambiguity that a GP sentence has, the more indispensable off-line strategies become to the parser in processing ambiguous strings. The fallibility of the serial parsers examined here leads the author to conclude that it is improper to build models that exclude off-line strategies as tools for recovering from a misanalysis. Despite the high cost in terms of working memory and of processing time, off-fine strategies remain very effective and can be used to parse almost all types of ambiguous sentences.
Directionally hiding objects and creating illusions above a carpet-like device by reflection holography (2015)

Realization of a perfect invisibility cloak still challenges the current fabricating technologies. Most experiments, if not all, are hence focused on carpet cloaks because of their relatively low requirements to material properties. Nevertheless, present invisibility carpets are used to hide beneath objects. Here, we report a carpet-like device to directionally conceal objects and further to create illusions above it. The device is fabricated through recording a reflection hologram of objects and is used to produce a time-reversed signal to compensate for the information of the objects and further to create light field of another object so as to realize both functions of hiding the objects and creating illusions, respectively. The carpet-like device can work for macroscopic objects at visible wavelength as the distance between objects and device is at decimeter scale. Our carpet-like device to realizing invisibility and creating illusions may provide a robust way for crucial applications of magic camouflaging and anti-detection etc.
Molecular modeling on the prediction of silolene‐bridged indenyl metallocene catalysts for isotactic polypropylene (2000)

Two new silolene-bridged metallocenes for isotactic polypropylene, racemic (1,4-butanediyl) silylene-bis (1-η5-2-methyl-indenyl) dichlorozironium and racemic diphenyl silylene-bis (1-η5-2-methyl-indenyl) dichlorozironium, were designed in terms of the mechanism and concept of the activity and selectivity of metallocenes. The predictions on which the designs were based were carried out for four metallocene catalysts through molecular modeling methods such as molecular mechanics and charge equilibrium. In a comparison of the data from three of the catalysts that were successfully synthesized, the predicted orders of the activity and selectivity were consistent. This shows that classical methods such as charge equilibrium are useful in predicting the activity of catalysts. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 2232–2238, 2000
Evidence for energy coupling from the Si–D vibration mode to the Si–Si and Si–O vibration modes at the SiO2/Si interface (2003)

In order to verify Van de Walle and Jackson’s theory on the isotope effect of the Si–H/D bonds resistant to hot-electron excitation [C. G. Van de Walle and W. B. Jackson, Appl. Phys. Lett., 69, 2441 (1996)], we measured the Si–H, Si–D, and other vibrational modes in the oxidized silicon wafers annealed in hydrogen and deuterium using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry. Our FTIR data suggest that the frequency for the Si–D bending mode at the SiO2/Si interface is 490 cm−1. Our experimental data support Van de Walle and Jackson’s theory with some modification. Their theory is correct for the experiments of breaking Si–H/D bonds using scanning tunneling microscope where no oxide involves. In the SiO2/Si case, the de-excitation of the Si–D bond may be due to the energy coupling from the Si–D bending mode to two vibrational modes, i.e., Si–O TO mode and the Si–Si TO phonon mode. Van de Walle and Jackson only pointed out coupling to Si–Si TO phonon mode. The strongest coupling might happen between the Si–D mode and the Si–O TO mode. Therefore, the oxide may play a crucial role in energy dissipation of the Si–D bond in metal–oxide–semiconductor devices.
Precise Control of Particle Size of Monodispersed Polystyrene Microspheres by Soap-Free Emulsion Polymerization (2007)

ソープフリーエマルション重合法で，単分散なポリスチレン(PSt)粒子を合成する際の粒子径の精密制御を既報のポリメタクリル酸メチル(PMMA)粒子の場合と比較して検討した．PSt 粒子の場合は PMMA 粒子の場合よりも，同じ条件では粒子径が小さくなった．そこで溶媒に添加するメタノール量を増加させるあるいはエタノールに変更することで St モノマーの溶媒への溶解性を高くしたところ，粒子径が大きくなった．また，PMMA 粒子の場合と同様に，イオン性コモノマーであるパラスチレンスルホン酸ナトリウム(NaPSS)量を増加させると粒子径は小さくなった．つまり，PSt 粒子の粒子径はエタノール量と NaPSS 量を制御することによって，約 100 nm から約 1 μm の範囲で精密制御できることを見いだした．また，ソープフリーエマルション重合法でポリマー粒子を合成する場合，モノマーの溶媒への溶解性と粒子の安定性を制御することによって粒子径を制御できることが示唆された．