gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competition Between Networks (2011)

The main subject of this paper is to explain and investigate the results and structure of the competition between two networks. The article proceeds in the following manner. First, it briefly reviews the literature regarding alignment, new economy, network externality and networks. Second we set up a simple model to explain competition between two networks. As a result of this competition one of the networks can be winner. But in new economy “winner takes all” rule works. If the winner network reaches to critical mass, the value of his/her good increases for customers. Because of lock-in effects, network competition can be finished by monopoly or dominant network. In other words network competition promotes monopoly. This result is convenient with previous academic studies.
Application of a Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Methodology to Produce a Metal/Polymer Customized Dental Implant (2017)

In this paper an integrated methodology for implants personalized manufacturing is presented. This methodology materializes the hybrid material implants manufacturing through the integration of two or more advanced Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies. Furthermore, high strength biomechanical implants with optimized geometry and mass can be manufactured by biomimetic concepts application. The combination of polymers and ceramics or polymers and metal materials (or metal alloys) allows a significant leap in the development and production of a great diversity of components and applications. The combination of advanced additive manufacturing processes, e.g. the Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and the StereoLithography (SL), make possible the production of parts with almost unlimited geometric freedom and custom multimaterial. The manufacturing flexibility and the processing capacity of the different combinations of materials - metal/polymer - obtained from hybrid additive manufacturing systems - SLM/SL - are demonstrated here by the manufacture of a dental bridge implant.
DNA sequence of an Immediate-early gene (IE mRNA-5) of herpes simplex virus type I (1982)

We describe a 2560 base pair herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA sequence containing the entire immediate-early mRNA-5 (IEmRNA-5) gene. The 3' and 5' termini of IEmRNA-5 were mapped within this DNA sequence by single-strand specific endonuclease protection experiments. The IEmRNA-5 gene contains DNA sequences from both the unique (Us) and reiterated (TRs/IRs) regions of the HSV-1 DNA short component and is interrupted by a single intron mapping in TRs/IRs. A search of the transcribed DNA sequence revealed no initiator codon within TRs/IRs. The first ATG was located 6 bases into Us sequences and this reading frame (316 codons) was also observed in the 3' transcribed region. The oligonucleotide sequences adjacent to the IEmRNA-5 termini are discussed in relation to those of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase gene and other genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
CD40 Signaling of Monocyte Inflammatory Cytokine Synthesis through an ERK1/2-dependent Pathway (1999)

Ligation of CD40 on monocytes through its interaction with CD40 ligand (CD154) present on activated T helper cells, results in activation of monocyte inflammatory cytokine synthesis and rescue of monocytes from apoptosis induced through serum deprivation. Both of these consequences of CD40 stimulation have been shown to be dependent on the induction of protein tyrosine kinase activity. CD40-mediated activation of protein tyrosine kinase activity and subsequent inflammatory cytokine production are abrogated by treatment of monocytes with the T helper type 2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10). In the current study we demonstrate that stimulation of monocytes through CD40 resulted in the phosphorylation and activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) mitogen-activated protein kinases, whereas phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases family members p38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase was not observed in response to this stimuli over the time course examined. PD98059, an inhibitor of the upstream activator of ERK1/2, the MAP/ERK kinase MEK1/2, suppressed IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in a dose-dependent fashion. Pretreatment of monocytes with IL-4 and IL-10 inhibited CD40-mediated activation of ERK1/2 kinase activity when used individually, and are enhanced in effectiveness when used in combination. Together, the data demonstrate that CD40-mediated induction of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synthesis is dependent on a MEK/ERK pathway which is obstructed by signals generated through the action of IL-4 and IL-10.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Matched Primary and Metastatic Melanoma Cell Lines (2008)

Identification of the biochemical pathways involved in the transformation from primary to metastatic melanoma is an area under intense investigation. A 2DE proteomics approach has been applied herein to the matched patient primary and metastatic melanoma cell lines WM-115 and WM-266-4, respectively, to better understand the processes that underlie tumor progression. Image analysis between samples aligned 470 common gel spots. Quantitative gel analysis indicated 115 gel spots of greater intensity in the metastatic line compared with the primary one, leading to the identification of 131 proteins via database searching of nano-LC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS data. This more than tripled the number of proteins previously shown to be of higher abundance during melanoma progression. Also observed were 22 gel spots to be of lesser intensity in the metastatic line with respect to the primary one. Of these gel spots 15 proteins could be identified. Numerous proteins from both groups had not been reported previously to participate in melanoma progression. Further analysis of one protein, cyclophilin A, confirmed that this protein is expressed at higher levels in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma and normal fibroblasts. Overall, this study expands our knowledge of protein modulation during melanoma stages, and suggests new targets for inhibitor development.
Effect of Salt and Temperature on Visco-Elasticity of Gelatin Hydrogels (2006)

Rheology studies, on aqueous gelatin gels, were performed below gelation temperature (T g ≈ 28°C) in the temperature range, T= 5-25°C as a function of NaCl concentration (0.01-0.1M). In the low frequency domain and at a given temperature, both the storage (G') and loss (G) modulii exhibited power-law frequency dependence, G' ∼ ω 0.02±0.005 and ∼ ω 0.8±0.2 . The network size, ξ estimated from low-frequency relaxation modulus, G 0 ≈ K B T/ξ 3 increased three fold as the temperature was increased from 5 to 25°C indicating thermal swelling of the network. The strain peaks were observed to shift to higher frequency as the temperature was lowered. Higher salt concentration had the same effect on the gel as higher temperature.
Interference Problem between ZigBee and WiFi (2012)

There are different wireless technologies that share the same 2.4 GHz frequency band. Such technologies usually operate in proximity and have to co-exist with each other. For example, WiFi uses the same frequency band that is used by ZigBee, however, WiFi uses higher power levels compared with ZigBee. When the ZigBee and WiFi use the channel at the same time, an interference problem appears which causes loss of the data packets being transmitted. This will result in retransmission in both WiFi and ZigBee until a successful transmission is achieved. This, in turn, causes delay and mitigation in the delivery ratio for both technologies. Moreover, ZigBee would wait longer to get free medium for transmission, and with the expected packet loss and retransmission, faster draining of the sensor battery is expected.In this paper we studied the mutual impact of WiFi interference on ZigBee channels by using QualNet Simulator and computed the Packet Delivery Rate (PDR) for bothZigBee and WiFi nodes. The obtained results show that ZigBee has little impact on WiFi Packets, and WiFi affects ZigBee packets with different degrees based on the traffic intensity and number of nodes.
TM-pass glass waveguide polariser with periodicmultilayer cladding overlaid with isotropic dielectric media (2000)

A novel TM-pass waveguide polariser, the cladding of which consists of a periodic dielectric multilayer overlaid with a fully-thick isotropic dielectric layer with a higher refractive index, is proposed for integrated optics formed on a glass substrate. As the periodic multilayer is used as birefringent media, it seems that the proposed waveguide polariser becomes more compact and stable, and cheaper, compared with a hybrid waveguide polariser using birefringent crystal as the cladding. TM-pass waveguide polarisers using alumina-silica periodic multilayers thinner than 20 µm have been designed. It has been theoretically confirmed that an extinction ratio of ≥ 20 dB and insertion loss of ≤ 0.001 dB can be achieved.
Evaluation of manometric temperature measurement as a method of monitoring product temperature during lyophilization. (1997)

The objective of this study was to evaluate manometric temperature measurement as a non-invasive method of monitoring product temperature during the primary drying phase of lyophilization. This method is based on analysis of the transient response of the chamber pressure when the flow of water vapor from the chamber to the condenser is momentarily interrupted. Manometric temperature measurements (MTM) were compared to product temperature data measured by thermocouples during the lyophilization of water, mannitol, lactose and potassium chloride solutions. The transient pressure response was mathematically modeled by assuming that four mechanisms contribute to the pressure rise: 1) direct sublimation of ice through the dried product layer at a constant temperature, 2) an increase in the temperature at the sublimation interface due to equilibration of the temperature gradient across the frozen layer, 3) an increase in the ice temperature due to continued heating of the frozen matrix during the measurement, and 4) leaks in the chamber. Experimental transient pressure response data were fitted to an equation consisting of the sum of these terms containing three variables corresponding to the vapor pressure of ice, product resistance to vapor flow, and the vial heat transfer coefficient. Excellent fit between the mathematical model and the experimental data was observed, and the value of the variables was calculated from the measured transient pressure response by a least squares method. The product temperature measured by MTM, which measures the temperature at the sublimation interface, was compared with product temperature measured by thermocouples placed in the bottom center of the vials. Manometrically measured temperatures were consistently lower than the thermocouple measurements by about 2 degrees C, this difference being largely accounted for by the temperature gradient across the frozen layer. The resistance of the dried product to mass transfer calculated from MTM was found to agree reasonably well with values measured by a direct vial technique. Product resistance was observed to increase with increasing solute concentration, and to increase continuously as the depth of the dried product layer increases for mannitol and potassium chloride. For lactose, product resistance increases continuously with thickness up to the onset of collapse, at which point the product resistance becomes essentially independent of depth. Scanning electron microscopy was used to explain this observation based on changes in morphology of the solid. The vial heat transfer coefficients obtained from regression analysis were on the order of 10(-3)-10(-4) cal.sec-1. degrees C-1; however, the scatter in the vial heat transfer coefficient data prevents the method from being used for accurate measurement of the vial heat transfer coefficient. The results of the study show that the manometric method shows promise as a process development tool and as an alternative method of in-process product temperature measurement during primary drying.
Efficient mapping of voice calls in wireless OFDMA systems (2006)

We address the problem of efficient resource allocation and its description for constant bitrate traffic (e.g., voice calls) in wireless OFDMA systems. In such systems resources are allocated to users in a two-dimensional map. The representations of the allocated resources have to be broadcast, thus generating a substantial amount of overhead transmission. Here we present an efficient mapping and allocation representation algorithm that increase the total resource utilization by reducing the mapping overhead of the uplink frame for constant bitrate voice sessions. We use the IEEE 802.16 standard for a system model and investigate by simulation the performance of the proposed solution. The results show that the required overhead can be reduced greatly
Protein Transport through a Narrow Solid-State Nanopore at High Voltage: Experiments and Theory (2012)

We report experimentally the transport of an unfolded protein through a narrow solid-state nanopore of 3 nm diameter as a function of applied voltage. The random coil polypeptide chain is larger than the nanopore. The event frequency dependency of current blockades from 200 to 750 mV follows a van't Hoff-Arrhenius law due to the confinement of the unfolded chain. The protein is an extended conformation inside the pore at high voltage. We observe that the protein dwell time decreases exponentially at medium voltage and is inversely proportional to voltage for higher values. This is consistent with the translocation mechanism where the protein is confined in the pore, creating an entropic barrier, followed by electrophoretic transport. We compare these results to our previous work with a larger pore of 20 nm diameter. Our data suggest that electro-osmotic flow and protein adsorption on the narrowest nanopore wall are minimized. We discuss the experimental data obtained as compared with recent theory for the polyelectrolyte translocation process. This theory reproduces clearly the experimental crossover between the entropic barrier regime with medium voltage and the electrophoretic regime with higher voltage.
Perceptual Metric for Production Testing (2004)

Abstract This paper describes a perceptually based image comparison processtliat can be used to tell when images are perceptually identical even though they contain imperceptible numerical differences. The technique has shown much utility in the production testing of rendering software.
Skill2vec: Machine Learning Approaches for Determining the Relevant Skill from Job Description. (2017)

Un-supervise learned word embeddings have seen tremendous success in numerous Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks in recent years. The main contribution of this paper is to develop a technique called Skill2vec, which applies machine learning techniques in recruitment to enhance the search strategy to find the candidates who possess the right skills. Skill2vec is a neural network architecture which inspired by Word2vec, developed by Mikolov et al. in 2013, to transform a skill to a new vector space. This vector space has the characteristics of calculation and present their relationship. We conducted an experiment using AB testing in a recruitment company to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Arbitration of Industrial Disputes (1904)

The idea of arbitration contemplates that parties who are unable to agree upon any point or points at issue between them shall submit the disputed point or points to the decision of a person or a tribunal mutually agreed upon.Conferences and negotiations between employers and employees, or intervention in the form of conciliation or mediation, are sometimes erroneously spoken of as arbitration.At times, some one person, in whom both have con- fidence, is selected as sole arbitrator, but the custom usually adopted in industrial circles is for each of the contestants to name one or more and if an umpire's services are necessary, or stipulated, have the ones thus chosen select such umpire.It is believed by some who have given the subject much thought that unless an acceptable adjustment can be reached by a board consisting of an equal number of representatives from each side, and without an umpire, the conference had better fail.The dis- position to charge disloyalty, or worse, to the representative who agrees with the other side, and the improbability of one who would do so being named by either side as a direct representative of its interests and contentions, would probably, in most cases, prevent arbitration, or at least render any definite adjustment through it impossible.If the idea that it is better to have a board equally chosen and no umpire is to be accepted, it clearly follows that both sides must select representatives or arbitrators who are en- tirely outside the sphere of influence of either of the contestants; men of undoubted judicial temperament and natures.The great difficulty which would then present itself would be the lack of prac- tical or technical knowledge of the subjects in hand on part of the arbitrators.It seems, therefore, that the plan of trying to agree without an umpire and of choosing an umpire if such an agreement cannot be reached promises the best results.The decision of the arbitrators is accepted in advance as final and binding.It necessarily follows that, in order for arbitration to be effective, the parties in controversy who so submit their differences shall
Targeting Adaptive IRE1α Signaling and PLK2 in Multiple Myeloma: Possible Anti-Tumor Mechanisms of KIRA8 and Nilotinib (2020)

Dominant activation of adaptive IRE1α was established in patients with MM. Both KIRA8 and nilotinib exhibited anti-myeloma effects, which were enhanced by bortezomib. Adaptive IRE1α signaling and PLK2 could be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers in MM.
Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies as tools for the subgrouping of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide O18 and O23 antigens (1986)

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Escherichia coli O18 isolated from a wide variety of sources was analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Four different LPS types, designated O18A, O18A1, O18B, and O18B1, were identified. Most O18 strains possess O18A, O18A1, or O18B LPS types, and these types are clonally associated. A reference test strain with the classical O18ab designation possessed O18B LPS, while two reference O18ac strains possessed O18A and O18A1 LPS, respectively. A panel of 15 anti-O18A B-cell hybridomas was isolated. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays revealed that some of the monoclonal antibodies produced by these cells recognize different epitopes. Four of these antibodies suffice to distinguish the four O18 types. Numerous strains whose LPS had been typed by SDS-PAGE were tested by agglutination with seven monoclonal antibodies whose specificities had been determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The results indicated a perfect correlation between the two methods. Rabbit antisera raised against O18A bacteria agglutinated boiled bacteria of each of the O18 LPS types efficiently. The antisera were adsorbed with bacteria possessing each of the LPS types. The adsorbed sera only distinguished between two groups: O18A and O18A1 versus O18B and O18B1, as shown by agglutination assays and Western blotting. E. coli O4 and O23 and Serratia marcescens O8 antigens, which are reputed to cross-react with O18, were also analyzed. One O4, one O8, and four O23 strains were tested. All made an LPS which was distinguishable from O18 LPS types by SDS-PAGE. Each O23 strain synthesized a different LPS, and three of them synthesized only few short chains. Some of the monoclonal antibodies reacted with O4, O8, and O23A LPSs. The results are interpreted as indicating that numerous E. coli O serogroups will prove to be chemically heterogeneous and that future analyses of subgroup heterogeneity should be guided by results from SDS-PAGE and rely preferentially on monoclonal antibodies as opposed to rabbit hyperimmune sera.
19.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Xe Discharge Backlights for LCDs (2001)

Abstract Mercury‐free, Xe fluorescent lamps are becoming more and more important for LCD backlights, not only from the environmental point of view but for attaining high picture quality. The paper explains underlying limitations assessed to the Xe glow discharges and introduces various Xe backlights with a stress on a flat discharge lamp.
The Effect of Dust on Solar Photovoltaic Systems (2014)

Soiling is the accumulation of dust on solar panels that causes a decrease in optical efficiencies of CSP systems. However, geographically widespread data is only available for solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. The changes in efficiency of a large commercial site (86.4 kWdc) was quantified during the summer dry period over the course of 2010 with respect to rain events observed at a nearby weather station (3.4 km away) and using satellite solar resource data. Soiling losses were found to be 0.21% per day. The site was observed to have a decrease in efficiency from 7.2% to 5.6% during a 108 day dry period in the summer at which point a rain event occurred that recovered most of the lost efficiency going back to 7.1%.
Even more efficient bounded-distance decoding of the hexacode, the Golay code, and the Leech lattice (1995)

We present a new bounded-distance decoding algorithm for the hexacode, which requires at most 34 real operations in the worst case, as compared to 57 such operations in the best previously known decoder. The new algorithm is then employed for bounded-distance decoding of the Leech lattice and the Golay code. The error-correction radius of the resulting decoders is equal to that of a maximum-likelihood decoder. The resulting decoding complexity is at most 331 real operations for the Leech lattice and at most 121 operations for the Golay code. For all the three codes-the hexacode, the Golay code, and the Leech lattice-the proposed decoders are considerably more efficient than any decoder presently known.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of Varicella-Zoster Virus Infection in the Muscularis Propria and Myenteric Plexi of the Colon in An HIV-Positive Patient With Herpes Zoster and Small Bowel Pseudo-Obstruction (Ogilvie's Syndrome) (2001)

Gastrointestinal symptomatology as a complication of herpes zoster (HZ) is extremely rare, with the majority of reported cases showing only temporal or radiological evidence of GI tract involvement by varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection. We present the first case of documented direct VZV infection in the muscularis propria of the gut presenting as intestinal pseudo-obstruction (Ogilvie's syndrome). The patient was a 34-yr-old HIV+ man who developed small bowel pseudo-obstruction in association with disseminated cutaneous HZ. A partial ileocolectomy specimen demonstrated a focal ulcer in the terminal ileum. Immunohistochemistry against VZV gpI demonstrated diffuse staining of the muscularis propria and myenteric plexi throughout the length of the specimen. Viral particles consistent with Herpesviridae were shown to be present ultrastructurally. We postulate that the viral infection in the neuronal plexi and muscularis propria caused muscle injury leading to pseudo-obstruction.