gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An update on the biology of sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors (2014)

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a membrane-derived lysophospholipid that acts primarily as an ex-tracellular signaling molecule. Signals initiated by S1P are transduced by five G protein-coupled receptors, named S1P1-5 Cellular and temporal expression of the S1P receptors (S1PRs) determine their specific roles in various organ systems, but they are particularly critical for regulation of the cardiovascular, immune, and nervous systems, with the most well-known contributions of S1PR signaling being modulation of vascular barrier function, vascular tone, and regulation of lymphocyte trafficking. However, our knowledge of S1PR biology is rapidly increasing as they become attractive therapeutic targets in several diseases, such as chronic inflammatory pathologies, autoimmunity, and cancer. Understanding how the S1PRs regulate interactions between biological systems will allow for greater efficacy in this novel therapeutic strategy as well as characterization of complex physiological networks. Because of the rapidly expanding body of research, this review will focus on the most recent advances in S1PRs.
Fabrication of Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Alloys Using Hot Metal and Commercial Ferro-Alloys (2005)

For commercial applications of Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys as structural materials, Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys that can be cost-effectively and massively produced have been developed using hot metal and ferro-alloys from a steel plant. The alloy Fe68.0C10.5Si4.4B6.5P8.6Al2.0 can be cast into a fully amorphous rod of 3 mm in diameter through a suction casting method. Upon heating the amorphous rod, a sequential crystallization behavior starting with the precipitation of fcc-Fe phase were observed. Since the crystallization kinetics was sluggish, the Fe-based bulk amorphous alloy can be used as a precursor for the fabrication of bulk nanostructured Fe alloy.
COMMENT (1968)

The government brought to a halt the comprehensive reorganization of secondary education by its decision to cut the building programme. It announces now its intention to complete the reform by legislative action. Miss Alice Bacon, the Minister of State responsible for schools, made an announcement at the Labour Party Conference of the government's intention to introduce new legislation about secondary education. This has been interpreted by some commentators as an indication that having failed to find the necessary resources the government hopes to solve its problems by legislation: but the issue is more complicated than that. Miss Bacon also stated that the government will honour its commitment to raise the school-leaving age in 1972-73. But she did not announce a building programme to make all this realistic. How can the government possibly do all this?
A study on the reproducibility of biometric authentication based on electroencephalogram (EEG) (2013)

This paper introduced a method for biometric authentication using EEG signals. Especially, we focused on the performance of reproducibility for personal authentication. Four healthy subjects participated in the experiment. EEG was measured from only one bipolar channel (O1A2) during resting state with closed eyes. EEG was also recorded with same protocol from same subjects on different days to verify reproducibility (the interval between 1st and 2nd recording: 10 days or 5 months). Three features were extracted: the spectral power, the maximum power, and the frequency of maximum power in alpha band. Linear discriminant analysis was used as a classifier. The authentication accuracy for reproducibility was 98.33% with 20s data length and 100% with 50s data length.
Reflex sympathetic dystrophy. (1994)

In summary, RSD is pain of neuropathic origin. The diagnosis is often obscure and requires a complete history, physical, and psychological evaluations. The diagnosis depends on symptoms (burning pain, allodynia and hyperpathia); signs (edema, sudomotor changes, temperature changes); and objective measurements, such as skin temperature, QSART, radiographs, and triple-phase bone scans; as well as the clinical response to a sympathetic block. Management of RSD should be designed to promote restoration of function utilizing physical therapy made possible by sympathetic, central, or peripheral nerve blockade. Medications may include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, and vasoactive drugs. Psychologic support is an important part of the patient's rehabilitation. Dorsal column or peripheral nerve stimulators, sympathectomies, and narcotics should be considered only when other more conservative measures have failed.
A superluminescent diode at 1.3 μm with very low spectral modulation (1994)

An edge-emitting superluminescent diode has been fabricated from an MOCVD-grown InGaAsP/InP double heterostructure, for light emission at 1.3 /spl mu/m. Using a ridge-waveguide geometry with an integrated absorber, the goals of high power coupled into a single-mode fiber and very low spectral modulation are fulfilled. Interferometric measurements of the residual modulation determine the location of internal optical reflections in the device. The results are interpreted and compared to the predictions of a transmission-line model.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mapping of T cell epitopes of the 30-kDa <i>alpha</i> antigen of <i>Mycobacterium bovis</i> strain bacillus Calmette-Guérin in purified protein derivative (PPD)-positive individuals. (1995)

The fibronectin-binding 30-kDa alpha Ag is a major secretory protein of growing mycobacteria that stimulates in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis in most healthy purified protein derivative-positive individuals, but only a minority of patients with active tuberculosis. T cell epitopes of the alpha Ag were assessed using blastogenic responses of PBMC from 12 healthy purified protein derivative-positive subjects to a set of synthetic peptides based on the 325-amino acid sequence of the alpha Ag of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. Because epitope-specific precursor cells are infrequent and randomly distributed, we used Poisson analysis to determine positive responses to 10 micrograms/ml of each peptide in 12 replicate culture wells. Seven immunodominant regions of the alpha Ag were identified. Each subjects responded to at least one of the two most dominant epitopes, which correspond to amino acids 131-155 and 233-257 (from N terminus). Peptides of these two epitopes induced production of IFN-gamma by sorted CD4+ T cells. The immunodominant peptides may have use a components of a vaccine and as tools to study the evolution of the immune response to M. tuberculosis. The two most dominant epitopes both occur in regions of the alpha Ag that differ from those of the atypical pathogens M. avium and M. kansasii. In addition, the M. bovis epitope of amino acids 133-155 differs from that of M. tuberculosis by a single amino acid. It may be possible to exploit the sequence differences for development of diagnostic tests with increased specificity.
Structured light scatteroscopy (2014)

A new imaging approach, structured light scatteroscopy (SLS), is demonstrated, which offers rapid wide-field imaging of microscopic morphological variations in bulk tissue surfaces. Elastic scattering of light offers exquisite sensitivity to ultrastructural changes at multiple size scales ranging from nanometers to millimeters, but in bulk tissues the confounding effects of molecular absorption and strong multiple scattering of light often lead to a dramatic reduction in scatter contrast and specificity. It is demonstrated that the SLS using structured high spatial frequency illumination and detection to probe the tissue achieves direct, absorption-independent, high-resolution maps of the scattering response. The scattering response is observed to be dependent on both the wavelength and spatial frequency of choice, indicating a potential for multiscale probing of ultrastructural changes in superficial tissue layers. This methodology can be easily applied in most wide-field imaging systems.
Analysis of dual-V/sub T/ SRAM cells with full-swing single-ended bit line sensing for on-chip cache (2002)

This paper compares different high-V/sub T/ and dual-V/sub T/ design choices for a large on-chip cache with single-ended sensing in a 0.13 /spl mu/m technology generation. The analysis shows that the best design is the one using a dual-V/sub T/ cell, with minimum channel length pass transistors, and low-V/sub T/ peripheral circuits. This dual-V/sub T/ circuit provides 20% performance gain with only 1.3/spl times/ larger active leakage power, and 2.4% larger cell area compared to the best design using high-V/sub T/ cells with nonminimum channel length pass transistors.
Plasma spectroscopy of H, Li, and Na in plumes resulting from laser-induced droplet explosion (1987)

The plasma emission resulting from laser-induced breakdown of large transparent H(2)O droplets (with and without NaCl or LiCl) has been spectrally and spatially resolved along a strip which encompasses the droplet and two plasma plumes associated with materials streaming from the droplet. From the emission line shapes, relative emission intensity ratios, and absorption line reversals, estimates can be made of the electron density, plasma temperature, and spatial inhomogeneity of the plasma along a strip in the direction of the laser beam. Use of the emission lines of H, Li, and Na as atomic tracers for plasma diagnostics is discussed.
A Study of Water-Miscible Mineral-Oil Preparations<sup>1</sup>:Textile Oils, Leather Oils, Metal Cutting Oils, Etc. (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Water-Miscible Mineral-Oil Preparations1:Textile Oils, Leather Oils, Metal Cutting Oils, Etc.Ralph. HartCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 1, 85–90Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50229a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50229a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Self-Climbed Amorphous Carbon Nanotubes Filled with Transition Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Large Rate and Long Lifespan Anode Materials in Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

A composed material of amorphous carbon nanotubes (ACNTs) and encapsulated transition metal oxide (TMOs) nanoparticles was prepared by a common thermophysics effect, which is named the Marangoni effect, and a simple anneal process. The prepared ropy solution would form a Marangoni convection and climb into the channel of anodic aluminum oxide template (AAO) spontaneously. The ingenious design of the preparation method determined a distinctive structure of TMOs nanoparticles with a size of ∼5 nm and amorphous carbon coated outside full in the ACNTs. Here we prepared the ferric oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> mixed with manganic oxide (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>&Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles encapsulated in ACNTs as two anode materials of lithium ion batteries' the TMOs-filled ACNTs presented an evolutionary electrochemical performance in some respects of highly reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability (880 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> after 150 cycles).
Patterns of clinical response and plasma dopa levels in Parkinson's disease (1975)

Serial determinations of plasma dihydroxyphenylalanine (dopa) in 16 Parkinson's disease patients receiving levodopa showed a negative correlation between plasma dopa levels and disability scores among patients who exhibited daily fluctuations of signs and symptoms. This suggests that the amount of levodopa delivered to the brain from the periphery is of major importance in the production of the "on-off" phenomenon. A close relationship between plasma dopa levels and abnormal involuntary movements was present in six patients. In three a striking dissociation between control of Parkinson's disease and abnormal involuntary movements was present, suggesting that in some patients these two effects are mediated through different underlying mechanisms. Administration of levodopa in such a way as to prevent both high and low levels of dopa in plasma minimizes disability in Parkinson's disease and may lessen abnormal involuntary movements in patients with the "on-off" effect.
A human mannose-binding protein is an acute-phase reactant that shares sequence homology with other vertebrate lectins. (1988)

Mannose-binding proteins have been isolated from the liver of rats and humans and subsequently been found in the serum of rats, rabbits, and humans. We report the isolation of cDNA clones isolated from a human liver cDNA library that encodes a human mannose-binding protein. The primary structure has three domains: (a) an NH2-terminal cysteine-rich segment of 19 amino acids which appears to be involved in the formation of interchain disulfide bonds that would stabilize multimeric forms of the protein; (b) a collagen-like region consisting of 19 repeats of the sequence Gly-x-y; and (c) a COOH-terminal putative carbohydrate-binding domain consisting of 148 residues. This human mannose-binding protein bears 51% overall homology (allowing three gaps) with a rat mannose-binding protein C and 48% homology (allowing seven gaps) with a rat mannose-binding protein A. Like these homologous rat proteins, the human mannose-binding protein COOH-terminal sequences are homologous to the carbohydrate recognition portion of several other lectin-like proteins including mammalian hepatic receptors, an insect-soluble hemolymph, and a sea urchin lectin found in coelomic fluid. The apoproteins of dog and human surfactant and the human lymphocyte IgE Ec receptor have not been shown to have lectin-like properties, yet by homology are members of this family of lectin-like proteins. The human mannose-binding protein is preceded by a typical hydrophobic signal sequence and its hepatic secretion is induced as part of the acute-phase response consistent with its probable role in host defense.
In vitro inhibitory activity of RepC/C*, the inactivated form of the pT181 plasmid initiation protein, RepC (1997)

pT181 is a Staphylococcus aureus rolling circle plasmid that regulates its replication by controlling the synthesis of its dimeric initiator protein RepC/C and by inactivating the protein following its use in replication (A. Rasooly and R. P. Novick, Science 262:1048-1050, 1993). This inactivation consists of the addition of an oligonucleotide, representing several nucleotides immediately 3' to the initiation nick site, to the active site tyrosine of one of the two subunits, generating a heterodimer, RepC/C*. Previous results suggested that the inactive form was metabolically stable and was present at a much higher level than the active form (A. Rasooly and R. P. Novick, Science 262:1048-1050, 1993). In the present study we have measured total RepC antigen as a function of plasmid copy number and have analyzed the interaction of the two forms. We find that pT181-containing staphylococci contain approximately one RepC dimer per plasmid copy over a 50-fold range of copy numbers. This is consistent with previous measurements of the rate of RepC synthesis, which suggested that one RepC dimer is synthesized per replication event (J. Bargonetti, P.-Z. Wang and R. P. Novick, EMBO J. 12:3659-3667, 1993). The RepC/C* heterodimer, which is inactive for replication, is a competitive inhibitor of the replication and the topoisomerase-like and cruciform-enhancing activities of the native protein. These results suggest that the inactive form may have a specific regulatory role in vivo. Since the known plasmid-determined controls, which maintain a constant plasmid copy number, are designed to ensure the synthesis of one RepC/C dimer per plasmid replication event, it is difficult to envision any role for yet another negative regulator of replication. Conceivably, under conditions where the initiator is overproduced, such as in the absence of the normal antisense regulation of initiator production, RepC/C* could serve as a fail-safe means of preventing autocatalytic replication.
Multiprocessor Scheduling of Synchronous Data Flow Graphs using Local Search Algorithms (2014)

Design space exploration (DSE) is the process of exploring design alternatives before implementing real-time multiprocessor systems. One part of DSE is scheduling of the applications the system is developed for and to evaluate the performance to ensure that the real-time requirements are satisfied. Many real-time systems today use multiprocessors and finding the optimal schedule for an application on a multiprocessor system is known to be an NP-hard problem. Such an optimization problem can be time-consuming which justifies the use of heuristics. This thesis presents an approach for scheduling applications onto multiprocessors using local search algorithms. The applications are represented by SDF-graphs and the assumed platform has homogeneous processors without constraints regarding communication delays, memory consumption or buffer sizes. The goal of this thesis project was to investigate if heuristic search algorithms could find sufficiently good solutions in a reasonable amount of time. Experimental results show that local search algorithms have potential of contributing to DSE by finding high-performance schedules with reduced search time compared to algorithms trying to find the optimal scheduling solution.
Aerosol transport in the human lung from analysis of single breaths (1978)

Experimental and theoretical results are presented for the single-breath inhalation of an aerosol with 0.5- and 1-micrometer particles of bis(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate droplets. Experimental results show that the recovery from the tidal volume decreases with increasing tidal volume and increases with increasing flow rate. The reserve volume recovery does not vary much with either flow rate or tidal volume. Experimental values for reserve volume recoveries for 1-micrometer particles were slightly larger than those for 0.5-micrometer particles, indicating intrinsic particle motion plays some role in the mixing process for larger particles. Calculated results from a convection-diffusion equation for the aerosol concentration are compared with the experimental results, with the aim of testing the hypotheses of the theoretical model. Detailed comparisons between theory and experiment for the exhalation profiles demonstrate that most of the mixing between the tidal and reserve volumes occurs in the alveolar region of the lung, as postulated in the model. Mechanical mixing in the upper airways plays a relatively minor role in the overall mixing process. Theoretical results for the recoveries show the same trends with tidal volume and flow rate as does experiment, and the agreement is good. Calculated values for the mixing of the tidal aerosol range from about 0.06 at a tidal volume of 400 cm3 to 0.23 at 2,000 cm3, and no variations with flow rate was found.
Alteration in relative activities of phenylalanine dehydrogenase towards different substrates by site‐directed mutagenesis (1995)

Glycine‐124 and leucine‐307 of phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Bacillus sphaericus were altered by site‐specific mutagenesis to the corresponding residues in leucine dehydrogenase: alanine and valine, respectively. These two residues have previously been implicated from molecular modelling as important in determining the substrate discrimination of the two enzymes. Single and double mutants displayed lower activities towards l ‐phenylalanine and enhanced activity towards almost all aliphatic amino acid substrates tested compared to the wild‐type, thus confirming the predictions made from molecular modelling.
BCR-ABL1–like B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma: A Comprehensive Review (2019)

Several types of kinase-activating alterations (fusions or mutations) are identified in <i>BCR-ABL1-</i>like B-ALL. The main categories are alterations in the ABL class family of genes, encompassing <i>ABL1, ABL2, PDGFRB, PDGFRA</i> (rare), and colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (<i>CSF1R</i>) fusions, or the JAK2 class family of genes, encompassing alterations in <i>JAK2, CRLF2, EPOR</i>, and other genes in this pathway. These alterations determine the sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. As a wide variety of genomic alterations are included in this category, the diagnosis of <i>BCR-ABL1</i>-like B-ALL is extremely complex. Stepwise algorithms and comprehensive unbiased testing are the 2 ways to approach the diagnosis of <i>BCR-ABL1</i>-like B-ALL.
A continuous mapping of sleep states through association of EEG with a mesoscale cortical model (2010)

Here we show that a mathematical model of the human sleep cycle can be used to obtain a detailed description of electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep stages, and we discuss how this analysis may aid in the prediction and prevention of seizures during sleep. The association between EEG data and the cortical model is found via locally linear embedding (LLE), a method of dimensionality reduction. We first show that LLE can distinguish between traditional sleep stages when applied to EEG data. It reliably separates REM and non-REM sleep and maps the EEG data to a low-dimensional output space where the sleep state changes smoothly over time. We also incorporate the concept of strongly connected components and use this as a method of automatic outlier rejection for EEG data. Then, by using LLE on a hybrid data set containing both sleep EEG and signals generated from the mesoscale cortical model, we quantify the relationship between the data and the mathematical model. This enables us to take any sample of sleep EEG data and associate it with a position among the continuous range of sleep states provided by the model; we can thus infer a trajectory of states as the subject sleeps. Lastly, we show that this method gives consistent results for various subjects over a full night of sleep and can be done in real time.