gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Capillary Blood Flow in Rapidly Expanded Random Pattern Flaps (1986)

We have quantitatively examined the effect of rapid sequential skin expansion on capillary blood flow in the porcine random flap model in order to determine the relation between the increased survivability of expanded random flaps and capillary blood flow. Three 6 X 20 cm random flaps were tattooed on the backs of six small (20-kg) pigs. One flap was not manipulated (control). A 450-ml expander was inserted at the base of the second flap and left in place (sham). At the base of the third flap a 450-ml expander was inserted and each day for 5 days sequentially filled to the limits of skin viability as determined by vital dye staining (expanded). Capillary blood flow was measured on day 8 by measurement of radioactivity after injection of 15-microns radiolabeled microspheres. Samples were taken at 4-cm intervals from the base of each flap. Rapid expansion led to significant increases in capillary blood flow in expanded skin and to enhanced preservation of capillary flow after elevation of random pattern flaps based on expanded skin compared to sham and to control tissues. This correlates with and explains at least in part our previous observation of improved length of survival of flaps raised on expanded skin.
Incorporation of Spin-Labeled Ganglioside Analogues into Cell and Liposomal Membranes1 (1982)

Ganglioside analogues (gangliosides) with an electron spin resonance label in a long aliphatic hydrocarbon chain were used to investigate the possible insertion of the sialoglycolipid into the plasma membrane of cells. Three types of ESR signals observed in the labeled glycolipids were distinguished. They characteristically indicate an isotropic tumbling motion of spin label in solution, the micellar state of the glycolipid, and an anisotropic motion in a lipid bilayer. Below CMC, gangliosidoide carrying one aliphatic hydrocarbon chain showed an isotropic tumbling motion. After the gangliosidoide had been incubated with liposomes or blood cells, there was an immediate change to an ESR signal showing an anisotropic motion. The signal was typical of the spin-label in liposomes prepared in the presence of spin-labeled sialoglycolipid. It can be concluded that the gangliosidoide was inserted into the lipid phase of liposomal or cellular membranes from the incubation medium. The overall splitting (2A parallel) of 5SL-gangliosidoides in membranes was larger than those of 5SL-galactosylceramide, 5SL-phosphatidylcholine, and 5SL-stearic acid, though the 2A parallel of 12SL-gangliosidoide was almost the same as those of other lipids having a nitroxide group in the 12-position of an acyl chain. This indicates that the head group movement is restricted in gangliosidoide molecules.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Analgesic Activities of Urea Derivatives of α‐ Amino‐N‐pyridyl benzene Propanamide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The First Gene of the<i>Bacillus subtilis clpC</i>Operon,<i>ctsR</i>, Encodes a Negative Regulator of Its Own Operon and Other Class III Heat Shock Genes (1998)

The Bacillus subtilis clpC operon is regulated by two stress induction pathways relying on either sigmaB or a class III stress induction mechanism acting at a sigmaA-like promoter. When the clpC operon was placed under the control of the isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)-inducible Pspac promoter, dramatic repression of the natural clpC promoters fused to a lacZ reporter gene was noticed after IPTG induction. This result strongly indicated negative regulation of the clpC operon by one of its gene products. Indeed, the negative regulator could be identified which is encoded by the first gene of the clpC operon, ctsR, containing a predicted helix-turn-helix DNA-binding motif. Deletion of ctsR abolished the negative regulation and resulted in high expression of both the clpC operon and the clpP gene under nonstressed conditions. Nevertheless, a further increase in clpC and clpP mRNA levels was observed after heat shock, even in the absence of sigmaB, suggesting a second induction mechanism at the vegetative promoter. Two-dimensional gel analysis and mRNA studies showed that the expression of other class III stress genes was at least partially influenced by the ctsR deletion. Studies with different clpC promoter fragments either fused to the reporter gene bgaB or used in gel mobility shift experiments with the purified CtsR protein revealed a possible target region where the repressor seemed to bind in vivo and in vitro. Our data demonstrate that the CtsR protein acts as a global repressor of the clpC operon, as well as other class III heat shock genes, by preventing unstressed transcription from either the sigmaB- or sigmaA-dependent promoter and might be inactivated or dissociate under inducing stress conditions.
Electromagnetic design of resonator-QWIPs (2011)

Rigorous electromagnetic field modeling is applied to calculate the quantum efficiency (QE) of various quantum well infrared photodetector (QWIP) geometries. We found quantitative agreement between theory and experiment for linear grating coupled QWIPs, cross-grating coupled QWIPs, corrugated-QWIPs, and enhanced-QWIPs. Also, the model adequately explains the spectral lineshapes of the quantum grid infrared photodetectors. Equipped with a quantitative model, we designed resonant cavities that are suitable for narrowband imaging around 8 - 9 microns. The results show that with properly designed structures, the theoretical QE can be as high as 78% for 25-micron pixel pitch arrays and 46% for 12-micron pixel pitch arrays. Experimental efforts are underway.
Treatment of Water in Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions with Innovative Microemulsion Fluids (2014)

Abstract In-situ formation of water-in-oil emulsions in crude oil is one of the severe problems encountered during the production phase of oil wells. These in-situ emulsions produce crude oil viscosities that are much higher than the viscosities of native crude oil. It is well known that these problems are frequently found in heavy and extra-heavy crude oils, because these oils have significant amounts of carboxylates and naphthenates, which are polar molecules that are excellent stabilizers of water-in-crude oil emulsions. These in-situ emulsions form in the reservoir and in the near-wellbore regions. However, when the crude oil is produced to surface, they may also develop at various downstream locations such as at wellheads, pipelines, separation plants, and even at the refinery before processing. The major factors that determine the formation of in-situ emulsions are the crude oil/produced water ratio, properties and composition of the crude oil and connate water, and some reservoir properties such as temperature. Demulsifiers are traditionally used to prevent the formation of in-situ emulsions. These treatments are generally effective. In situations where the demulsifier chemistry cannot change the curvature of the oil/water interface, the emulsification problem persists, with inherent consequences such as loss of production, high-pressure drops in flow lines and increased operational costs. A solution to treat these troublesome emulsions is to use microemulsion fluids technology. Microemulsion fluids typically have very low oil/water interfacial tension and can alter the interfacial curvature of the emulsion, producing coalescence and increasing water droplet size until the emulsion separates into water and crude oil. This paper discusses the evaluation of microemulsion fluids as a treatment for emulsified heavy crude oil samples from oil fields. The evaluation includes crude oil characterization, interfacial tension, microscopy evaluation, fluids compatibility tests and treatment of the emulsion in an HPHT filtration cell.
A Geometric Method for Estimating the Nominal Cell Range in Cellular Networks (2018)

In cellular networks, cell range is a key parameter for network planning and optimization. With the advent of new radio access technologies, it is not easy to obtain a good estimate of the nominal cell range on a cell-by-cell basis due to the complexity of physical layout in a real network. In this work, a novel geometrical method for estimating the cell range based on Voronoi tessellation is presented. The inputs of the method are site locations, antenna azimuths, and antenna horizontal beamwidths. The method is tested with a real dataset taken from a live LTE network. During assessment, the proposed method is compared with traditional approaches of estimating cell range. Results show that the proposed method improves the accuracy of previous approaches, while still maintaining a low computational complexity.
A prototype of gesture-based interface (2011)

This paper introduces a novel gesture-based human-machine interface prototype, which consists of a wearable belt embedding with four surface electromyography (SEMG) sensors, a tri-axis accelerometer and an application program running on NOKIA 5800XM. The sensor belt captures hand gestures by acquiring SEMG and acceleration (ACC) signals from forearm, and sends the m out via Bluetooth. The application program receives the data and translates them into control commands of a given interaction application. Experimental results of two test schemes conducted on hand gesture recognition and media player operation demonstrate the validity of the proposed gesture-based interface prototype.
Management of Sour Gas by Underground Injection - Assessment, Challenges and Recommendations (2004)

Abstract Many of the world's Mega-fields (&gt; 1 billion barrels of reserves) contain sour gas, a blend of natural gas and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), either alone or in combination with carbon dioxide (CO2). H2S gas is extremely toxic, the combination of H2S and CO2 (Acid Gas - AG), can be highly corrosive, the elemental sulphur reacts with water to form acid rain, and CO2 is now recognized as a significant green house gas. Where there is a demand for the natural gas, and capacity to separate the components, the H2S and CO2 can be separated out. However, these components must be managed in a cost-effect way and according to regulatory requirements to maximize recovery of hydrocarbons and minimize AG safety and environmental impacts. To date, the CO2 components have typically been vented to the atmosphere, and sulphur has been produced for industrial uses. Novel step changes are needed to handle the large sour gas volumes to be produced by the mega-fields under development in the Caspian Sea and Middle East regions. Underground injection and sequestration of E&P associated streams(such as produced water, drill cuttings slurries, and production/completion return fluids) have been practiced for many years by the industry; sour gas injection is a relatively new technology. This paper reviews comparative economic and risk analyses of various H2S management options available to developing middle East and Caspian fields, considering: the impact on recovery (including rate, ultimate total volume, engineering capacity), the health and safety risks, impact on environment, reputation consequences, implementation (including construction and operation complexity), and regulatory Issues (based on current North American standards, recent judicial actions, and Kyoto Protocols). Emphasis is given to H2S gas injection in improved oil recovery (IOR) projects/schemes because: - It is an environmentally sound solution that manages both H2S and other green house gases. - It provides for permanent, reliable storage and eliminates current taxation (in foreign countries) or future liability associated with emissions and/or surface storage of sulphur. For example, one operator in the Caspian Sea was recently fined several million dollars US because of sulphur storage above ground. - Compared with other options, H2S injection can reduce acid production, dust generation and avoid adverse impact on agriculture and aquaculture, thus it improve the operator's image and reputation with local community. - It is the easiest sulphur-handling method to implement, as it uses established technologies, without requiring sulphur-separation plant and equipment. - H2S mixture has better sweeping efficiency than CO2 or sweet gas alone, therefore H2S injection may increase recoverable hydrocarbon in an EOR or IOR schemes. - It has the opportunity for favorable economics, both in terms of operating cost (lower energy, no storage operations) and by improving production through use in IOR schemes.
On a correlation between the surface chemistry and the felting behavior of wool (1971)

Abstract The felting behavior of wool fibers is found to be correlated with their flocculation properties. The interaction between the fibers is suggested as the common factor responsible for this correlation. It is observed that in a felting medium there is attraction between natural wool fibers. Such attraction is observed to be greatly diminished, or absent, after the wool has been shrinkproffed by any one of several chemical modification treatments. Hydrophobic attraction and electrostatic repulsion are proposed as significant components of the interaction between fibers in aqueous media. These components are linked to the surface chemistry of natural and chemically modified wool. It is proposed that the hydrophobic nature of the fiber surface promotes the felting shrinkage of natural wool fabrics, that shrink‐resist chemical treatments of wool top make the fiber surface more hydrophilic and may increase the electrostatic repulsion between fibers, and that the influence of surfactants on felting depends on the adsorption energy of the surfactant at the fiber surface. These ideas are presented as a guide for the development of further shrink‐resist chemical modifications of wool.
The myeloid receptor TREM2 exacerbates DSS-induced colitis and promotes colitis-associated cancer (TUM4P.916) (2014)

Abstract The Triggering Receptors Expressed on Myeloid cells (TREM) gene cluster contains receptors that regulate a variety of leukocytes. TREM1 synergizes with Toll Like Receptors to promote cytokine production in neutrophils, macrophages and dendritic cells (DC). Paradoxically, although TREM1 and TREM2 both signal via DAP12, TREM2 is a negative regulator of inflammation in macrophages and DC. TREM2 is expressed in the colon but its role in colitis and colitis-associated cancer (CAC) is poorly understood. We found TREM2 expressed in monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAM). Moreover, TAM expressed a apparent TREM2 ligand. To test the role of TREM2 in inflammation-induced cancer we studied the azoxymethane (AOM)-dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced model of CAC. DSS administration led a pronounced influx of myeloid cells and upregulation of both TREM1 and TREM2. Surprisingly, we found that Trem2-/- mice had less severe colitis as indicated by reduced histological scores, colon shortening and inflammatory cytokine production in the colon. AOM-DSS carcinogenesis in Trem2-/- mice resulted in slightly reduced total polyp counts and mitotic epithelial cells but a substantial reduction in the numbers of advanced carcinomas compared to wild type mice. Taken together, our data suggest an important role for TREM2 in the regulation of colitis and CAC likely via control of epithelial proliferation during colonic injury and inflammation.
Profiling and Verification of Gene Expression Patterns in Normal and Malignant Human Prostate Tissues by cDNA Microarray Analysis (2001)

cDNA microarray technology allows the "profiling" of gene expression patterns for virtually any cellular material. In this study, we applied cDNA microarray technology to profile changes in gene expression associated with human prostate tumorigenesis. RNA prepared from normal and malignant prostate tissue was examined for the expression levels of 588 human genes. Four different methods for data normalization were utilized. Of these, normalization to ACTB expression proved to be the most rigorous technique with the least probability of producing spurious results. After normalization to ACTB expression, 15 of 588 (2.6%) genes examined by array analysis were differentially expressed by a factory of 2x or more in malignant compared to normal prostate tissues. The expression patterns for 8 of 15 genes have been reported previously in prostate tissues (TGFbeta3, TGFBR3, IGFII, IGFBP2, VEGF, FGF7, ERBB3, MYC), but those of seven genes are reported here for the first time (MLH1, CYP1B1, RFC4, EPHB3, MGST1, BTEB2, MLP). These genes describe at least four metabolic and signaling pathways likely disrupted in human prostate tumorigenesis. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Northern blot analyses quantitated with reference to ACTB expression levels verified the trends in gene expression levels observed by array analysis for 14/15 and 8/8 genes, respectively. However, RT-PCR and Northern blot analyses accurately verified the "fold" differences in expression levels for only 6/15 (40%) and 7/8 (88%) of genes examined, respectively, demonstrating the need to better validate quantitative differences in gene expression revealed by array-based techniques.
Analysis and fabrication of hybrid metal-dielectric omnidirectional Bragg reflectors (2007)

We describe chalcogenide glass and polymer based Bragg reflectors with a metallic underlayer and use a transfer matrix model to analyze their performance. The angle-averaged reflectance of a hybrid mirror approaches unity for only a few periods and is much higher than that for a nonmetallized Bragg reflector or for the metallic layer alone. For an angle-averaged reflectance greater than 0.99, the addition of a metallic underlayer enables nearly a tripling of the omnidirectional bandwidth (from approximately 110 to approximately 305 nm) concurrent with a significant reduction in the number of required periods (from 10.5 to 4.5). Hybrid mirrors of 4.5 periods, with a 50 nm Au underlayer and overall thickness of approximately 2 microm, were fabricated atop silicon substrates and characterized. They exhibit an omnidirectional stop band in the 1450-1750 nm wavelength range, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
HEL and K562 cells: analysis of proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and comparison to erythroid and nonerythroid cells. (1985)

We have examined the total protein composition of the erythroleukemia cell lines K562 and HEL using high-resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and have compared them with the pattern obtained by normal erythroid and nonerythroid cells. The proteins from the two cell lines, K562 and HEL, gave two-dimensional patterns that were similar to each other and to that of normal lymphocytes or leukemic cell lines. In contrast, normal erythroid precursor cells (BFUe-derived normoblasts) and erythrocytes have a protein profile that is characteristic and significantly different from that of normal lymphocytes or the leukemic cell lines examined. These data suggest a common protein profile in hemopoietic cells at early stages of differentiation (K562, HEL, or other leukemic lines) and in normal lymphocytes. Erythroid cells, in contrast to lymphoid cells, appear to diverge significantly from this common protein profile when differentiation proceeds to the level of morphologically recognizable erythroid cells. Induction of K562 and HEL cells by hemin produces changes in the abundance of several proteins, but fails to change the overall protein profile of the two cell lines.
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Effects of Microstructure on Properties in Cast Al Alloys (2020)

The metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys has always been considered to be different from that of wrought alloys. Metallurgists have been taught that pores are intrinsic in cast aluminum alloys and that mechanical properties in cast aluminum alloys are controlled by dendrite arm spacing, the presence of Fe-bearing particles, and the size of Si particles in Al-Si alloys, which fracture and debond during deformation, leading to premature failure. Whether these effects are intrinsic or extrinsic, i.e., mere correlations due to the structural quality of castings, is discussed in detail. Ideal properties are discussed, based on findings presented mostly in physics literature. Pores and hot tears in aluminum castings are extrinsic. Moreover, the effect of dendrite arm spacing on elongation, precipitation, and subsequent fracture of β-Al<sub>5</sub>FeSi platelets, and finally Si particle fracture and debonding are all extrinsic. A fundamental change in how we approach the metallurgy of cast aluminum alloys is necessary.
Characterization of the genes encoding the three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter suboxydans and their expression in Acetobacter pasteurianus (1997)

The three-component membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) of Gluconobacter suboxydans IFO12528 was purified, and the NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of each subunit was determined. On the basis of the amino acid sequences, the genes adhA, encoding the 72-kDa dehydrogenase, adhB, encoding the 44-kDa cytochrome c-553 (a CO-binding cytochrome c), and adhS, encoding a 15-kDa protein, were cloned and the amino acid sequences of their products were deduced from the nucleotide sequences. The dehydrogenase and cytochrome genes were clustered with the same transcription polarity, as is the case in species of Acetobacter, another genus of acetic acid bacteria. These AdhA and AdhB subunits showed similarity in amino acid sequence to those from Acetobacter spp., whereas AdhS showed no similarity to the corresponding subunit of the ADH complex of Acetobacter pasteurianus. Consistent with this, adhS of G. suboxydans could not complement a defect in the corresponding subunit of A. pasteurianus. When the adhA-adhB gene cluster of G. suboxydans was expressed in an ADH-deficient mutant of A. pasteurianus, the transformant showed distinct ADH activity. The ADH complex was purified to near homogeneity and consisted of two subunits, the dehydrogenase and the cytochrome c subunits derived from G. suboxydans, without any other subunit. These data suggested that AdhS, the smallest subunit of ADH, from G. suboxydans is not essential for ADH activity in A. pasteurianus, in contrast to the essential role of A. pasteurianus AdhS, which is required for correct assembly of the dehydrogenase and cytochrome c subunits on the membrane.
A statistical approach for assessing heavy metal contamination in near‐shore marine sediment cores: a case study from the Yellow Sea, China (2011)

The concentrations of 12 heavy metals (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Mo, Sn, Sb, Tl, Pb, Bi) in the marine near‐shore sediment cores of the Yellow Sea, China were investigated. Core A sediments had significantly lower concentrations of heavy metals than those of both Cores B and C according to the Bonferronic multiple comparison method. Based on multivariate statistic approaches (factor analysis and cluster analysis), two factors were identified controlling the heavy metal variability in the sediments. The enrichment factor (EF) and geo‐accumulation index (I geo) indicated Sb contamination from three sediment cores in this study area.
Using the ubiquitous pH meter combined with a loop mediated isothermal amplification method for facile and sensitive detection of Nosema bombycis genomic DNA PTP1 (2014)

Here we show an amplification-coupled detection method for directly measuring released hydrogen ions during the loop mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) procedure by using a pH meter. The genomic DNA of Nosema bombycis (N. bombycis) was amplified and detected by employing this LAMP-pH meter platform for the first time.