gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased activity of 16-membered lactone ring macrolides against erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus pneumoniae: characterization of South African isolates [In Process Citation] (1998)

The susceptibility of 40 erythromycin-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes and 40 multiply-resistant isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae to six macrolide antibiotics, representing 14-, 15- and 16-membered lactone ring structures, was tested. The genetic basis for macrolide resistance in the strains was also determined. Both erm and mef determinants were encountered in the 36 S. pneumoniae isolates tested, but only mef in the five S. pyogenes isolates tested. All isolates showed cross-resistance among the 14-membered macrolides erythromycin, clarithromycin and roxithromycin and the 15-membered macrolide, azithromycin. However, the erythromycin-resistant S. pyogenes isolates retained full susceptibility to spiramycin and josamycin (16-membered agents). These latter two antibiotics were also more active than the other macrolides against erythromycin-resistant S. pneumoniae isolates, especially josamycin which was 8-64 times more active than erythromycin; spiramycin was only two to eight times more active than erythromycin.
Tetrodotoxin‐resistant Na<sup>+</sup> channels in human neuroblastoma cells are encoded by new variants of Nav1.5/<i>SCN5A</i> (2005)

Both tetrodotoxin-sensitive (TTX-S) and TTX-resistant (TTX-R) voltage-dependent Na+ channels are expressed in the human neuroblastoma cell line NB-1, but a gene encoding the TTX-R Na+ channel has not been identified. In this study, we have cloned cDNA encoding the alpha subunit of the TTX-R Na+ channel in NB-1 cells and designated it hNbR1. The longest open reading frame of hNbR1 (accession no. AB158469) encodes 2016 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis has indicated that hNbR1 is highly homologous with human cardiac Nav1.5/SCN5A with > 99% amino acid identity. The presence of a cysteine residue (Cys373) in the pore-loop region of domain I is consistent with the supposition that hNbR1 is resistant to TTX. Analysis of the genomic sequence of SCN5A revealed a new exon encoding S3 and S4 of domain I (exon 6A). In addition, an alternative splicing variant, lacking exon 18, that encodes 54 amino acids in the intracellular loop between domains II and III was found (hNbR1-2; accession no. AB158470). Na+ currents in human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) transfected with hNbR1 or hNbR1-2 showed electrophysiological properties similar to those for TTX-R I(Na) in NB-1 cells. The IC50 for the TTX block was approximately 8 microM in both variants. These results suggest that SCN5A has a newly identified exon for alternative splicing and is more widely expressed than previously thought.
Avionics of the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) microsat constellation (2013)

The Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS), which was recently selected as the Earth Venture-2 investigation by NASA's Earth Science System Pathfinder (ESSP) Program, measures the ocean surface wind field with unprecedented temporal resolution and spatial coverage, under all precipitating conditions, and over the full dynamic range of wind speeds experienced in a tropical cyclone (TC). The CYGNSS flight segment consists of 8 microsatellite-class observatories, which represent SwRI's first spacecraft bus design, installed on a Deployment Module for launch. They are identical in design but provide their own individual contribution to the CYGNSS science data set. Subsystems include the Attitude Determination and Control System (ADCS), the Communication and Data Subsystem (CDS), the Electrical Power Supply (EPS), and the Structure, Mechanisms, and Thermal Subsystem (SMT). This paper will present an overview of the mission and the avionics, including the ADCS, CDS, and EPS, in detail. Specifically, we will detail how off-the-shelf components can be utilized to do ADCS and will highlight how SwRI's existing avionics solutions will be adapted to meet the requirements and cost constraints of microsat applications. Avionics electronics provided by SwRI include a command and data handling computer, a transceiver radio, a low voltage power supply (LVPS), and a peak power tracker (PPT).
Ringester aus Äthylenglykol und aus Glycerin (1907)

e r der G l y k o l -(I) und O x a l s a u r e (11) wurden friiher ') beschrieben.Ersterer schmolz bei 31 O, letzterer bei 143O.Nach den Siedepunkten wurden sie als den einfachen Molekulargewichten entsprechend aufgefaBt : Glycerin.Spater hat I;.H e n r y a) durch Vergleichung der Siedepunkte mit denen analoger Korper die Ansicht ausgesprochen , die Korper entsprachen Polymeren der gezeichneten einfachen Formeln.Bei der wiederhoiten Untersuchung mit groBeren Materialmengen wurde beobachtet, daB auBer den fruher beschriebenen Modifikationen noch je eine hoher schmelzende existiert,
In-service monitoring techniques for cell transfer delay and cell delay variation in ATM networks (1995)

Cell transfer delay (CTD) and Cell delay variation (CDV) are ATM performance parameters. Monitoring CTD and CDV requires procedures for in-service measurement or estimation and for gaining the delay distribution statistics. This paper discusses the origin and definition of CTD and CDV, the latter being defined in terms of 2-point CDV and l-point CDV. It outlines fundamental measurement techniques based on operation and maintenance (OAM) performance monitoring functions. Also, methods for estimating CTD and 2-point CDV are presented, which do not rely on the availability of synchronized clocks at the measurement points. They are based on a least-square regression analysis which estimates the time and frequency offset of the remote clock.
The Valuation and Hedging of Variable Rate Savings Account (2001)

Variable rate savings accounts have two main features. The client rate is variable and deposits can be invested and withdrawn at any time. However, customer behaviour is not fully rational and actions are often performed with a delay. This paper focusses on measuring the interest rate risk of variable rate savings accounts on a value basis (duration) and on the problem how to hedgethese accounts. In order to model the embedded options and the customer behaviour we implement a partial adjustment specification. The interest rate policy of the bank is described in an error-correction model.
Psoralea glandulosa as a Potential Source of Anticancer Agents for Melanoma Treatment (2015)

With the aim of identifying novel agents with antigrowth and pro-apoptotic activity on melanoma cancer, the present study was undertaken to investigate the biological activity of the resinous exudate of aerial parts from Psoralea glandulosa, and its active components (bakuchiol (1), 3-hydroxy-bakuchiol (2) and 12-hydroxy-iso-bakuchiol (3)) against melanoma cells (A2058). In addition, the effect in cancer cells of bakuchiol acetate (4), a semi-synthetic derivative of bakuchiol, was examined. The results obtained show that the resinous exudate inhibited the growth of cancer cells with IC50 value of 10.5 μg/mL after 48 h of treatment, while, for pure compounds, the most active was the semi-synthetic compound 4. Our data also demonstrate that resin is able to induce apoptotic cell death, which could be related to an overall action of the meroterpenes present. In addition, our data seem to indicate that the apoptosis correlated to the tested products appears, at least in part, to be associated with an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In summary, our study provides the first evidence that P. glandulosa may be considered a source of useful molecules in the development of analogues with more potent efficacy against melanoma cells.
Synthesis and properties of photocurable biodegradable multiblock copolymers based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) and poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactide) segments (2005)

Abstract Photocurable biodegradable multiblock copolymers were synthesized from poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) diol and poly( L ‐lactide) (PLLA) diol with 4,4′‐(adipoyldioxy)dicinnamic acid (CAC) dichloride as a chain extender derived from adipoyl chloride and 4‐hydroxycinnamic acid, and they were characterized with Fourier transform infrared and 1 H NMR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile tests. The copolymers were irradiated with a 400‐W high‐pressure mercury lamp from 30 min to 3 h to form a network structure in the absence of photoinitiators. The gel concentration increased with time, and a concentration of approximately 90% was obtained in 90–180 min for all the films. The photocuring hardly affected the crystallinity and melting temperature of the PCL segments but reduced the crystallinity of the PLLA segments. The mechanical properties, such as the tensile strength, modulus, and elongation, were significantly affected by the copolymer compositions and gel concentrations. Shape‐memory properties were determined with cyclic thermomechanical experiments. The CAC/PCL and CAC/PCL/PLLA (75/25) films photocured for 30–120 min showed good shape‐memory properties with strain fixity rates and recovery rates of approximately 100%. The formation of the network structure and the crystallization and melting of the PCL segments played very important roles for the typical shape‐memory properties. Finally, the degradation characteristics of these copolymers were investigated in a phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C with proteinase‐k and Pseudomonas cepacia lipase. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 2426–2439, 2005
The safe use of optics in potentially explosive atmospheres (1999)

The conditions under which continuous wave and pulsed laser irradiation of inert and combustible targets leads to the ignition of a surrounding flammable gas mixture are studied in relation to the hazard associated with the use of optical fibres in explosive atmospheres. Results for industrially relevant diverse fuels are presented in the form of minimum igniting irradiance, uniform over an area large by comparison with quenching dimensions, as a function of the time to ignition. A number of industrially representative flammable gases and vapours together with reactive target materials were also investigated in order to determine adequate permissible power/irradiance levels in relation to safety data. Combustible targets were shown to be generally not more hazardous than the inert target materials employed. Typically fibre optic cable diameters lie well beneath the minimum quenching distance of the industrially relevant fuels investigated and the radiation hazard is often presented in the form of a pulse as distinct from the continuous wave hazard described for large irradiated areas. Under these conditions, small areas and short irradiation times the ignition hazard becomes a minimum energy criterion. Target materials. Both inert and reactive were affixed to the end of 62.5 μm and 400 μm fibre optic cables to assess the ignition risk. The effect of irradiation exposure times in the nanosecond microsecond and millisecond regimes have been investigated at beam diameters small in comparison to the quenching distance of the fuel air mixtures.
Quality control/quality assurance testing for joint density and segregation of asphalt mixtures (2013)

Formation of the muscular layer of the heart, the myocardium, involves the medial movement of bilateral progenitor fields; driven primarily by shortening of the endoderm during foregut formation. Using a combination of time-lapse imaging, microsurgical perturbations and computational modeling, we show that the speed of the medial-ward movement of the myocardial progenitors is similar, but not identical to that of the adjacent endoderm. Further, the extracellular matrix microenvironment separating the two germ layers also moves with the myocardium, indicating that collective tissue motion and not cell migration drives tubular heart assembly. Importantly, as myocardial cells approach the midline, they perform distinct anterior-directed movements relative to the endoderm. Based on the analysis of microincision experiments and computational models, we propose two characteristic, autonomous morphogenetic activities within the early myocardium: 1) an active contraction of the medial portion of the heart field and 2) curling- the tendency of the unconstrained myocardial tissue to form a spherical surface with a concave ventral side. In the intact embryo, these deformations are constrained by the endoderm and the adjacent mesoderm, nevertheless the corresponding mechanical stresses contribute to the proper positioning of myocardial primordia.
Triphenylphosphonium Moiety Modulates Proteolytic Stability and Potentiates Neuroprotective Activity of Antioxidant Tetrapeptides in Vitro (2018)

Although delocalized lipophilic cations have been identified as effective cellular and mitochondrial carriers for a range of natural and synthetic drug molecules, little is known about their effects on pharmacological properties of peptides. The effect of triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation on bioactivity of antioxidant tetrapeptides based on the model opioid YRFK motif was studied. Two tetrapeptide variants with L-arginine (YRFK) and D-arginine (YrFK) were synthesized and coupled with carboxyethyl-TPP (TPP-3) and carboxypentyl-TPP (TPP-6) units. The TPP moiety noticeably promoted YRFK cleavage by trypsin, but effectively prevented digestion of more resistant YrFK attributed, respectively, to structure-organizing and shielding effects of the TPP cation on conformational variants of the tetrapeptide motif. The TPP moiety enhanced radical scavenging activity of the modified YRFK in a model Fenton-like reaction, whereas decreased reactivity was revealed for both YrFK and its TPP derivative. The starting motifs and modified oligopeptides, especially the TPP-6 derivatives, suppressed acute oxidative stress in neuronal PC-12 cells during a brief exposure similarly with glutathione. The effect of oligopeptides was compared upon culturing of PC-12 cells with CoCl<sub>2</sub>, L-glutamic acid, or menadione to mimic physiologically relevant oxidative states. The cytoprotective activity of oligopeptides significantly depended on the type of oxidative factor, order of treatment and peptide structure. Pronounced cell-protective effect was established for the TPP-modified oligopeptides, which surpassed that of the unmodified motifs. The protease-resistant TPP-modified YrFK showed the highest activity when administered 24 h prior to the cell damage. Our results suggest that the TPP cation can be used as a modifier for small therapeutic peptides to improve their pharmacokinetic and pharmacological properties.
A new protecting group for 5'-hydroxyl function of nucleotides in oligonucleotide synthesis without acid treatment utilizing unique properties of tritylthio group (2002)

New protecting groups having a 2-aminomethylbezoyl skeleton, in which the reactive amino functions were blocked further by a tritylthio-type protecting group, were developed for the protection of the 5'-hydroxyl function of nucleosides during the oligonucleotide synthesis. These benzoate-type protecting groups were designed to be removed via an intramolecular cyclization following the removal of the tritylthio-type protecting group under mild oxidative conditions using diluted aqueous iodine solution. The new protecting groups would enable us to synthesize oligonucleotides without using any acid treatment. Furthermore, they can reduce the reaction steps required for a chain elongation cycle from four to three because the deprotection of the 5'-hydroxyl protecting group and the oxidation of the phosphite intermediate can be performed simultaneously by a single aqueous iodine treatment.
Continuum of Frontal Lobe Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2007)

In this sample, a sizable proportion of patients with ALS possess a range of behavioral and cognitive changes that lie on a spectrum of frontotemporal impairment. Right hemisphere atrophy may be a biomarker for cognitive impairment in patients with ALS.
Densely integrated multiple-wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting laser array (2003)

We demonstrated a 20-channel densely integrated multiple wavelength VCSEL array on a patterned GaAs substrate. The pitch of each VCSEL is 50 /spl mu/m.All VCSELs exhibit single mode operation, an output power of over 1.2 mW, and the threshold current of 0.52/spl plusmn/0.1 mA. The result shows the possibility of large scale multiple-wavelength sources densely packed on a small chip.
Dynamics of ocular surface pH. (1984)

We studied ocular surface pH in 161 subjects. The mean pH for 133 normal volunteers was 7 . 11, SD 1 . 5. We found that older women had a more alkaline pH than other subjects, that the pH shifted from acid to alkaline during the day, that one hour of eyelid closure caused an acid shift in pH, and that pH recovered to baseline values within 40 minutes after acid drop instillation. We explored the mechanism of pH regulation, and we believe that pH changes could affect contact lens toleration, drug effectiveness, and clinical signs in disease processes.
Enterprise Architecture Planning: Developing a Blueprint for Data, Applications and Technology (1993)

The emphasis of this book is on the interpersonal skills and techniques for organizing and directing an EAP project, obtaining management commitment, presenting the plan to management, and leading the transition from planning to implementation.
General pharmacology of the new quinolone antibacterial agent levofloxacin. (1992)

The general pharmacological properties of (-)-(S)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-3- methyl-10-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-7-oxo-7H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4] benzoxazine-6-carboxylic acid hemihydrate (levofloxacin, DR-3355, CAS 100986-85-4), an optically active isomer of ofloxacin, were examined. 1. Central nervous system (CNS): DR-3355 at 200-600 mg/kg p.o. showed depressant activity on the CNS, as was indicated by the depressant syndrome (mice), decreased spontaneous motor activity (mice) and hypothermia (mice and rabbits). In the cat behavior and EEG experiments, it had both stimulant and depressant effects at 30-100 mg/kg i.p., and caused transient slow waves followed by seizures at 20-30 mg/kg i.v. DR-3355 had no effect on convulsion, hexobarbital anesthesia, pain reaction to a tail pinch, or conditioned avoidance response, except that it showed mild analgesic activity in acetic acid writhing at 600 mg/kg p.o. 2. Respiratory and cardiovascular system: DR-3355 produced a hypotensive and a bradycardiac effect after the rapid i.v. injection of 6 mg/kg or more in anesthetized dogs, accompanied by an increase in plasma histamine concentration. Both changes were markedly reduced when the test drug was administered by continuous i.v. infusion. 3. Autonomic nervous system: DR-3355 inhibited nictitating membrane contraction induced by both pre- and post-ganglionic stimulation, and inhibited the depressor response to acetylcholine at 20 mg/kg i.v. It had no influence on pupil size or on pressor response to norepinephrine. 4. Gastrointestinal system: DR-3355 at 600 mg/kg p.o. inhibited gastric secretion. Dog gastrointestinal motility was slightly inhibited, and was then stimulated over the dose range of 2-20 mg/kg i.v. It had no influence on gastrointestinal propulsion, the gastric emptying rate or the gastric mucosa. 5. Isolated smooth muscle: At a concentration of 5 x 10(-4) g/ml, DR-3355 was devoid of spasmogenic or smasmolytic activity, except for showing a slight relaxation effect (trachea), inhibition of nicotine-induced contraction (ileum) and spontaneous or oxytocin-induced motility (pregnant uterus). 6. Miscellaneous: DR-3355 inhibited the urine output and carrageenin-induced paw edema at 600 mg/kg p.o. It had no effect on skeletal muscle contraction or the corneal reflex.
The Interpretation of the Unipolar Electrocardiogram. (1956)

This small book will be enthusiastically received by the many physicians familiar with the author's splendid course in electrocardiography at Wayne University College of Medicine. The present book, the outgrowth of the supplemental manual to this course, was until now available only to the registrants. It is a superior presentation, stripped of all the mystery surrounding the subject, and it clearly and authoritatively presents all of the necessary basic facts germane to the proper understanding, interpretation, and ultilization of the properly taken electrocardiogram. The author, one of the chief exponents of the Wilson concepts, is widely acclaimed for his painstaking electrocardiographic-pathologic correlations in myocardial infarction and ventricular hypertrophy. This information, formerly available only in the journal literature, is now collected. A special word should be said for the excellence of the discussion of the electrocardiographic changes attributable to right ventricular hypertrophy and to incomplete right bundle branch block. Much of
Submicron silicon waveguide optical switch driven by microelectromechanical actuator (2008)

A submicron silicon waveguide optical switch driven by a microelectromechanical actuator is fabricated. The switch is composed of single-mode silicon input and output waveguides and a movable waveguide suspended by silicon springs. Switching occurs when the air gap between input and output waveguides is closed by displacing the movable waveguide 540±20nm by an electrostatic comb actuator. The switch, fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator wafer, is monolithic, and active switching region is as small as about 40×60μm2. An extinction ratio of 15±2dB is experimentally obtained between switch off and on states at 1.55μm wavelength.
[Effect of total coumarins from dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri on glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in rats]. (1994)

Twenty-four 3-month-old male SD rats were divided into 3 groups: Group 1--control (ig water). Group 2--ig prednisone 45 micrograms.kg-1 twice a week. Group 3--treated with total coumarins of dried fruits of Cnidium monnieri (L) Cuss (TCCM) and prednisone. TCCM was given ig 5 g.kg-1, 6 days per week. After 90 d, rats were killed. The proximal tibiae of rats were processed undecalcified for histomorphometric analysis. In comparison with control rats, the bone resorption was enhanced and bone formation decreased. The trabecular bone areas were characterized by reduction of 40% in rats which received prednisone. Trabecular bone areas of rats treated with TCCM increased 56% compared with rats receiving prednisone. All indices of bone histomorphometry were near to those in the control. The results showed that TCCM prevented glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis.
"The end of innocence" revisited: resistance of herpesviruses to antiviral drugs (1994)

In the past 4 years, interest in drug-resistant herpesviruses has evolved from the realm of academic laboratory studies to that of great clinical importance. Recurrent and persistent infections due to the herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, and human cytomegalovirus have been an unwelcome consequence of immunosuppression in graft recipients, cancer patients, and those suffering from AIDS. Treatment of these infections with the available antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir, ganciclovir, and foscarnet, has resulted in both clinical benefit and the emergence of drug-resistant variants. In addition, the role of Epstein-Barr virus is being clarified for an array of disease syndromes, and therapeutic approaches are beginning to emerge. In the present review, the emergence and clinical importance of drug resistance among the herpesviruses have been explored. Furthermore, particular attention has been focused on our understanding of the mechanisms of drug resistance and how that understanding will guide us in the development of more effective antiviral drugs and drug usage.