gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoscale Light Confinement: Principles, Measurement, and Applications (2008)

By confining photons to small volumes for long periods of time, optical nanocavities offer the ability to greatly enhance the interaction between light and matter. This can greatly improve the efficiency of photonic devices as well as lead to novel physical phenomena. While over the past several years resonators have improved to confine photons for longer periods of time, the volume in which light can be confined has remained relatively stagnant on the order of a cubic half-wavelength which has been thought to be the fundamental limit. In this dissertation we demonstrate that the effective mode volume of optical resonant cavities can be reduced below a cubic half-wavelength. We develop novel tools to characterize these highly confined optical modes, and utilize this light confinement to achieve efficient light-matter interaction in photonic devices. Finally we present novel physical phenomena which result from this nanoscale light confinement. The dissertation is organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction to photonics and the reasons for pursuing nanoscale light confinement. In Chapter 2 we define the effective mode volume and discuss its theoretical limit. We show with analytical and numerical calculations that contrary to previous assumptions sub-wavelength-sized dielectric structures can enable mode volumes smaller than a cubic half-wavelength. In Chapter 3 we discuss experimental techniques for measuring these ultra-small mode volumes. We introduce a new high-resolution near field measurement technique called Transmission-based Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (TraNSOM), and show experimental results verifying nanoscale light confinement in our devices. In Chapter 4 we discuss applications for these small-mode-volume devices. We show analytically and numerically that these devices can be surprisingly efficient for achieving gain and lasing in an electrically-pumped silicon-based platform, and we experimentally demonstrate highly sensitive detection of acetylene gas. In Chapter 5 we discuss new physical phenomena associated with small volume optical resonant cavities. We show that these cavities can behave as an individual radiating dipole and, using the TraNSOM technique, the lifetime of this dipole can be modified at long distances. Chapter 6 gives a brief conclusion and outlook on the future of this field.
Cholesterol and <i>APOE</i> genotype interact to influence Alzheimer disease progression (2004)

In this retrospective analysis of 443 Alzheimer disease (AD) patients from a 30-week tacrine trial, change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale score from baseline to final value was significantly associated with a total serum cholesterol/APOE genotype interaction. Disease progression in the no-APOE epsilon4 allele/high-cholesterol subgroup was greater than in the normal-cholesterol subgroups with or without epsilon4. Cholesterol levels and APOE genotype may interact to affect AD progression. The results are consistent with preclinical data on cholesterol's effects in AD.
Pulse-Type Hardware Inhibitory Neural Networks for MEMS micro robot using CMOS technology (2011)

This paper presents the locomotion generator of MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) micro robot. The locomotion generator demonstrates the locomotion of the micro robot, controlled by the P-HINN (Pulse-Type Hardware Inhibitory Neural Networks). P-HINN generates oscillatory patterns of electrical activity such as living organisms. Basic components are the cell body models and inhibitory synaptic models. P-HINN has the same basic features of biological neurons such as threshold, refractory period, spatio-temporal summation characteristics and enables the generation of continuous action potentials. P-HINN was constructed by MOSFETs, can be integrated by CMOS technology. Same as the living organisms P-HINN realized the robot control without using any software programs, or A/D converters. The size of the micro robot fabricated by the MEMS technology was 4×4×3.5 mm. The frame of the robot was made of silicon wafer, equipped with the rotary type actuators, the link mechanisms and 6 legs. The MEMS micro robot emulated the locomotion method and the neural networks of the insect by the rotary type actuators, link mechanisms and P-HINN. As a result, we show that P-HINN can control the forward and backward locomotion of fabricated MEMS micro robot, and also switched the direction by inputting the external trigger pulse. The locomotion speed was 19.5 mm/min and the step width was 1.3 mm.
EARLY APPEARANCE OF CATOCALAS (1880)

Several of your correspondents have given you articles on.the early appearance of Lepidoptera this season, and as the Catocalas are my favorites, I will give my experience with them. According to good authority and report, C. epione had the honor of being the first to appear-but I find in this locality a very strong argument against that theory. By referring to my diary I see that C. ilia has the precedence.
Impact of acoustic coordinated reset neuromodulation on effective connectivity in a neural network of phantom sound (2013)

Chronic subjective tinnitus is an auditory phantom phenomenon characterized by abnormal neuronal synchrony in the central auditory system. As recently shown in a proof of concept clinical trial, acoustic coordinated reset (CR) neuromodulation causes a significant relief of tinnitus symptoms combined with a significant decrease of pathological oscillatory activity in a network comprising auditory and non-auditory brain areas. The objective of the present study was to analyze whether CR therapy caused an alteration of the effective connectivity in a tinnitus related network of localized EEG brain sources. To determine which connections matter, in a first step, we considered a larger network of brain sources previously associated with tinnitus. To that network we applied a data-driven approach, combining empirical mode decomposition and partial directed coherence analysis, in patients with bilateral tinnitus before and after 12 weeks of CR therapy as well as in healthy controls. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio, we focused on the good responders, classified by a reliable-change-index (RCI). Prior to CR therapy and compared to the healthy controls, the good responders showed a significantly increased connectivity between the left primary cortex auditory cortex and the posterior cingulate cortex in the gamma and delta bands together with a significantly decreased effective connectivity between the right primary auditory cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the alpha band. Intriguingly, after 12 weeks of CR therapy most of the pathological interactions were gone, so that the connectivity patterns of good responders and healthy controls became statistically indistinguishable. In addition, we used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to examine the types of interactions which were altered by CR therapy. Our DCM results show that CR therapy specifically counteracted the imbalance of excitation and inhibition. CR significantly weakened the excitatory connection between posterior cingulate cortex and primary auditory cortex and significantly strengthened inhibitory connections between auditory cortices and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The overall impact of CR therapy on the entire tinnitus-related network showed up as a qualitative transformation of its spectral response, in terms of a drastic change of the shape of its averaged transfer function. Based on our findings we hypothesize that CR therapy restores a silence based cognitive auditory comparator function of the posterior cingulate cortex.
Bimetallic Zirconium Amine Bis(phenolate) Polymerization Catalysts: Enhanced Activity and Tacticity Control for Polyolefin Synthesis (2014)

Binucleating multidentate amine bis(phenolate) ligands with rigid terphenyl backbones were designed to support two zirconium centers locked in close proximity. Polymerizations of propylene or 1-hexene with the synthesized bimetallic precatalysts resulted in polymers with significantly higher isotacticity (up to 79% <i>mmmm</i>) in comparison to the stereoirregular polymers produced with previously reported <i>C</i><sub><i>s</i></sub> -symmetric monometallic analogues. The bimetallic precatalysts also display higher activity (up to 124 kg of poly(1-hexene) (mmol of Zr)<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>), in comparison to the monometallic analogues, and among the highest activities reported for nonmetallocene catalysts. The stereocontrol is consistent with a bimetallic mechanism involving remote steric interactions with the ligand sphere of the second metal center.
Regulation of neonatal and adult mammalian heart regeneration by the miR-15 family (2012)

We recently identified a brief time period during postnatal development when the mammalian heart retains significant regenerative potential after amputation of the ventricular apex. However, one major unresolved question is whether the neonatal mouse heart can also regenerate in response to myocardial ischemia, the most common antecedent of heart failure in humans. Here, we induced ischemic myocardial infarction (MI) in 1-d-old mice and found that this results in extensive myocardial necrosis and systolic dysfunction. Remarkably, the neonatal heart mounted a robust regenerative response, through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes, resulting in full functional recovery within 21 d. Moreover, we show that the miR-15 family of microRNAs modulates neonatal heart regeneration through inhibition of postnatal cardiomyocyte proliferation. Finally, we demonstrate that inhibition of the miR-15 family from an early postnatal age until adulthood increases myocyte proliferation in the adult heart and improves left ventricular systolic function after adult MI. We conclude that the neonatal mammalian heart can regenerate after myocardial infarction through proliferation of preexisting cardiomyocytes and that the miR-15 family contributes to postnatal loss of cardiac regenerative capacity.
Fas-dependent apoptosis is impaired by SV40 T-antigen in transgenic liver. (1995)

A transgenic mouse model for hepatocarcinoma has been previously produced by targeting SV40 T-antigen expression to the liver. To evaluate the perturbation of cell death occurring during hepatocarcinogenesis, we examined the Fas-induced apoptosis on hepatocytes expressing T-antigen. Whereas anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis in primary cultured normal hepatocytes, they imparted a weak cytotoxicity on primary cultured hepatocytes expressing T-antigen. This resistance of hepatic Fas-mediated apoptosis appears to result in an enhancement of a protective mechanism involving the protein kinase C signaling pathway rather than in a down-regulation of Fas-antigen expression. We further demonstrated that anti-Fas antibody does not have as efficient a lethal effect in T-antigen transgenic mice as in wild-type mice. The livers of transgenic mice injected with anti-Fas mAbs showed large intact regions with a few scattered apoptotic bodies: these regions strictly corresponded with carcinoma nodules, expressing high level of T-antigen. Our results describe a novel function for SV40 T-antigen which could contribute to viral pathogenesis by protecting infected cells against the host apoptotic defense mechanism.
Familial alzheimer's disease in american descendants of the volga germans: Probable genetic founder effect (1988)

Five families are described in which autopsy-confirmed presenile Alzheimer's disease (AD) has occurred in men and women over multiple generations consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance. All 5 families are descendants of a group of immigrants known as the Volga Germans who came to the United States between 1870 and 1920. Their ancestors moved from Germany to the southern Volga region of Russia in the 1760s. All 5 American families are descendants of persons originally living in two small adjacent Volga German villages and share several surnames known to have been present in the census records of those villages. Although a single affected common ancestor cannot be identified, it is likely that the AD in these families represents an autosomal dominant gene inherited from one ancestor (the founder effect). This information is of importance in the genetic study of AD in these families because it greatly increases the probability of genetic homogeneity. There are more than 300,000 American descendants of the Volga Germans, and the prevalence of AD has never been studied in this population.
S100A6 binds to annexin 2 in pancreatic cancer cells and promotes pancreatic cancer cell motility (2009)

These findings point towards a functional role for S100A6 that may help explain the link between S100A6 expression in pancreatic cancer and aggressive disease.
Genetic analysis of small nuclear RNAs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: viable sextuple mutant. (1988)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains at least 24 distinct small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs), several of which are known to be essential for viability and to participate in the splicing of pre-mRNAs; the RNAs in this subset contain binding sites for the Sm antigen, a hallmark of metazoan snRNAs involved in mRNA processing. In contrast, we showed previously that the single-copy genes for three other snRNAs (snR3, snR4, and snR10) are not required for viability, although cells lacking snR10 are growth impaired at low temperature. None of these RNAs associates with the Sm antigen. To assess this apparent correlation, we cloned and sequenced the genes encoding three additional non-Sm snRNAs. Comparison of these genes with nine additional yeast snRNA genes revealed a highly conserved TATA box located 92 +/- 8 nucleotides 5' of the transcriptional start site. By using the technique of gene replacement with null alleles, each of these three single copy genes was shown to be completely dispensable. We constructed multiple mutants to test the hypothesis that, individually, each of these snRNAs is nonessential because the snRNAs play functionally overlapping roles. A mutant lacking five snRNAs (snR3, snR4, snR5, snR8, snR9) was indistinguishable from the wild type, and growth of the sextuple mutant was no more impaired than that in strains lacking only snR10. This widespread dispensability of snRNAs was completely unexpected and forces us to reconsider the possible roles of these ubiquitous RNAs.
Desalination of Brackish Waters Using Ion-Exchange Media (2006)

An environmentally friendly method and materials study for desalinating inland brackish waters (i.e., coal bed methane produced waters) using a set of ion-exchange materials is presented. This desalination process effectively removes anions and cations in separate steps with minimal caustic waste generation. The anion-exchange material, hydrotalcite (HTC), exhibits an ion-exchange capacity (IEC) of ∼3 mequiv g-1. The cation-exchange material, an amorphous aluminosilicate permutite-like material, (Nax+2yAlxSi1-xO2+y), has an IEC of ∼2.5 mequiv g-1. These ion-exchange materials were studied and optimized because of their specific ion-exchange capacity for the ions of interest and their ability to function in the temperature and pH regions necessary for cost and energy effectiveness. Room temperature, minimum pressure column studies (once-pass through) on simulant brackish water (total dissolved solids (TDS) = 2222 ppm) resulted in water containing TDS = 25 ppm. A second once-pass through column study on actual produced water (TDS = ∼11 000) with a high carbonate concentration used an additional lime softening step and resulted in a decreased TDS of 600 ppm.
Alumina-catalyzed reactions of hydroxyarenes and hydroaromatic ketones. 10. Reaction of phenol with 2-propanol (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlumina-catalyzed reactions of hydroxyarenes and hydroaromatic ketones. 10. Reaction of phenol with 2-propanolLeRoy H. Klemm and Dennis R. TaylorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4326–4329Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views954Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antisense Expression of a Rice Sucrose Transporter OsSUT1 in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) (2001)

We analyzed the function of a rice sucrose transporter, OsSUT1, by using antisense rice. There was no difference between antisense and wild-type plants in carbohydrate content and photosynthetic ability of the flag leaves in the vegetative growth stage, suggesting that OsSUT1 may not play an important role in carbon metabolism, at least in these materials.
Selective-area growth of vertically aligned GaAs and GaAs/AlGaAs core–shell nanowires on Si(111) substrate (2009)

We report on selective-area growth of vertically aligned GaAs nanowires on Si(111) substrate. Modification of the initial Si(111) surface by pretreatment under an AsH(3) atmosphere and low-temperature growth of GaAs were important for controlling the growth orientations of the GaAs nanowire on the Si(111) surface. We also found that the size of openings strongly affected the growth morphology of GaAs nanowires on Si(111). Small diameter openings reduced the antiphase defects and improved the optical properties in the GaAs nanowires. Moreover, we realized coherent growth without misfit dislocation at the GaAs/Si interface. Finally, we demonstrated fabrication of a GaAs/AlGaAs core-shell nanowire array on a Si surface and revealed that the luminescence intensity was markedly enhanced by passivation effects. These results are promising for future III-V nanowire-based optoelectronic integration on Si platforms.
Enhancement of fertilization by micromanipulation (1995)

Micromanipulation techniques have been successfully applied to human gametes to assist fertilization when normal function is impaired. The past few years have witnessed the rapid evolution and clinical incorporation of this technology. The unprecedented efficiency of intracytoplasmic sperm injection far surpasses all previous methods. This method has thus become the best treatment option for many forms of male infertility.
Influence of Auditory Stimulation on the Physical Work Output of Adults Who Are Severely Retarded. (1991)

Electrides are ionic compounds thus far appearing in the solid state, where the anionic part is constituted by isolated electrons. We herein provide an unambiguous computational means to distinguish electrides from similar species, proving the existence of some electrides in the gas phase. We also put forward a recipe to design new electrides.
A Birthday Problem Solution for Nonuniform Birth Frequencies (1992)

Abstract In the classical birthday problem it is assumed that the distribution of births is uniform throughout the year. Actual United States births, however, follow a seasonal pattern varying between 5% below and 7% above, relative to the average daily frequency of 1/365. We develop a recursive formula for the birthday problem when birthrates are not uniform and use it to show that the difference from the classical solution, for U.S. births, is small. The match probability can be written in terms of the classical solution plus a series of terms which rapidly approach zero.
<i>In Situ</i>Protein Expression of RRM1, ERCC1, and BRCA1 in Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Gemcitabine-Based Chemotherapy (2009)

Ribonucleotide reductase 1 (RRM1) is a determinant of gemcitabine efficacy in non-small-cell lung cancer and pancreatic cancer. We investigated the protein levels of RRM1 and two other DNA repair enzymes, ERCC1 and BRCA1, in 55 metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients undergoing gemcitabine-based chemotherapy. With automated in situ protein quantification (AQUA v1.6), the average scores for RRM1, ERCC1, and BRCA1 ranged from 245.6-2774.1, 74.0-410.3, and 54.4-1833.1, respectively. They were significantly associated with each other (Spearman's rho > or = .36; p < or = .007). Given their pattern of distribution, RRM1 and BRCA1 are potentially suitable markers for clinical decision making in MBC.
A Study of Some Quinolizone Derivatives (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Study of Some Quinolizone DerivativesV. Boekelheide and J. P. Lodge Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 8, 3681–3684Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01152a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01152a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views297Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Defects in Moloney murine leukemia virus replication caused by a reverse transcriptase mutation modeled on the structure of Escherichia coli RNase H (1992)

We have studied a mutant Moloney murine leukemia virus with a deletion in reverse transcriptase (RT) which is predicted to make its RNase H domain resemble structurally that of human immunodeficiency virus RT. This deletion was based on improved RNase H homology alignments made possible by the recently solved three-dimensional structure for Escherichia coli RNase H. This mutant Moloney murine leukemia virus RT was fully active in the oligo(dT)-poly(rA) DNA polymerase assay and retained nearly all of wild-type RT's RNase H activity in an in situ RNase H gel assay. However, proviruses reconstructed to include this deletion were noninfectious. Minus-strand strong-stop DNA was made by the deletion mutant, but the amount of minus-strand translocation was intermediate to the very low level measured with RNase H-null virions and the high level seen with wild-type RT. The average length of translocated minus-strand DNA was shorter for the deletion mutant than for wild type, suggesting that mutations in the RNase H domain of RT also affect DNA polymerase activity.