gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for <i>Mycoplasma</i> ssp., <i>Chlamydia pneunomiae</i>, and human herpes virus‐6 coinfections in the blood of patients with autistic spectrum disorders (2007)

We examined the blood of 48 patients from central and southern California diagnosed with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) by using forensic polymerase chain reaction and found that a large subset (28/48 or 58.3%) of patients showed evidence of Mycoplasma spp. infections compared with two of 45 (4.7%) age-matched control subjects (odds ratio = 13.8, P < 0.001). Because ASD patients have a high prevalence of one or more Mycoplasma spp. and sometimes show evidence of infections with Chlamydia pneumoniae, we examined ASD patients for other infections. Also, the presence of one or more systemic infections may predispose ASD patients to other infections, so we examined the prevalence of C. pneumoniae (4/48 or 8.3% positive, odds ratio = 5.6, P < 0.01) and human herpes virus-6 (HHV-6, 14/48 or 29.2%, odds ratio = 4.5, P < 0.01) coinfections in ASD patients. We found that Mycoplasma-positive and -negative ASD patients had similar percentages of C. pneumoniae and HHV-6 infections, suggesting that such infections occur independently in ASD patients. Control subjects also had low rates of C. pneumoniae (1/48 or 2.1%) and HHV-6 (4/48 or 8.3%) infections, and there were no coinfections in control subjects. The results indicate that a large subset of ASD patients shows evidence of bacterial and/or viral infections (odds ratio = 16.5, P < 0.001). The significance of these infections in ASD is discussed in terms of appropriate treatment.
Markov Chain Ontology Analysis (MCOA) (2012)

A methodology based on Markov chain models and network analytic metrics can help detect the relevant signal within large, highly interdependent and noisy data sets and, for applications such as enrichment analysis, has been shown to generate superior performance on both real and simulated data relative to existing state-of-the-art approaches.
Cutting Edge: Epigenetic Regulation of <i>Foxp3</i> Defines a Stable Population of CD4+ Regulatory T Cells in Tumors from Mice and Humans (2014)

CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical for maintaining self-tolerance and function to prevent autoimmune disease. High densities of intratumoral Tregs are generally associated with poor patient prognosis, a correlation attributed to their broad immune-suppressive features. Two major populations of Tregs have been defined, thymically derived natural Tregs (nTregs) and peripherally induced Tregs (iTregs). However, the relative contribution of nTregs versus iTregs to the intratumoral Treg compartment remains controversial. Demarcating the proportion of nTregs versus iTregs has important implications in the design of therapeutic strategies to overcome their antagonistic effects on antitumor immune responses. We used epigenetic, phenotypic, and functional parameters to evaluate the composition of nTregs versus iTregs isolated from mouse tumor models and primary human tumors. Our findings failed to find evidence for extensive intratumoral iTreg induction. Rather, we identified a population of Foxp3-stable nTregs in tumors from mice and humans.
Targeting T cell malignancies using CAR-based immunotherapy: challenges and potential solutions (2019)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has been successful in treating B cell malignancies in clinical trials; however, fewer studies have evaluated CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of T cell malignancies. There are many challenges in translating this therapy for T cell disease, including fratricide, T cell aplasia, and product contamination. To the best of our knowledge, no tumor-specific antigen has been identified with universal expression on cancerous T cells, hindering CAR T cell therapy for these malignancies. Numerous approaches have been assessed to address each of these challenges, such as (i) disrupting target antigen expression on CAR-modified T cells, (ii) targeting antigens with limited expression on T cells, and (iii) using third party donor cells that are either non-alloreactive or have been genome edited at the T cell receptor α constant (TRAC) locus. In this review, we discuss CAR approaches that have been explored both in preclinical and clinical studies targeting T cell antigens, as well as examine other potential strategies that can be used to successfully translate this therapy for T cell disease.
High frame rate imaging with a small number of array elements (1999)

Recently, a high frame rate imaging method has been developed to construct either 2-D or 3-D images (about 3750 frames or volumes/s at a depth of about 200 mm in biological soft tissues because only one transmission is needed). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is high using this method because all array elements are used in transmission and the transmit beams do not diverge. In addition, imaging hardware with the new method can be greatly simplified. Theoretically, the element spacing (distance between the centers of two neighboring elements) of an array should be lambda/2, where lambda is the wavelength, to avoid grating lobes in imaging. This requires an array of a large number of elements, especially, for 3-D imaging in which a 2-D array is needed. In this paper, we study quantitatively the relationship between the quality of images constructed with the new method and the element spacing of array transducers. In the study, two linear arrays were used. One has an aperture of 18.288 mm, elevation dimension of 12.192 mm, a center frequency of 2.25 MHz, and 48 elements (element spacing is 0.381 mm or 0.591 lambda). The other has a dimension of 38.4 mmx10 mm, a center frequency of 2.5 MHz, and 64 elements (0.6 mm or 1.034 lambda element spacing). Effective larger element spacings were obtained by combining signals from adjacent elements. Experiments were performed with both the new and the conventional delay-and-sum methods. Results show that resolution of constructed images is not affected by the reduction of a number of elements, but the contrast of images is decreased dramatically when the element spacing is larger than about 2.365 lambda for objects that are not too close to the transducers. This suggests that an array of about 2.365 lambda spacing can be used with the new method. This may reduce the total number of elements of a fully sampled 128x128 array (0.5 lambda spacing) from 16384 to about 732 considering that the two perpendicular directions of a 2-D array are independent (ignoring the larger element spacing in diagonal directions of 2-D arrays).
ARML 2.0 in the context of existing AR data formats (2013)

Over the past few years, several mobile Augmented Reality browsers have been developed and used by the mass market. AR browsers allow developers to create and upload AR content in a specific format and render it in the browser, similar to web browsers rendering HTML content. While the feature set of these browsers is fairly similar, the lack of an AR standard caused every browser to develop its own proprietary content format. Tools have been created to handle content published in several browsers (for example [5]), and books have been written to explain how to develop with multiple AR content formats [10]. The Augmented Reality Markup Language (ARML) 2.0, an official Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) candidate standard, has recently been developed within the OGC, to bridge the gap between the AR browser formats and provide a common standard every AR browser, as well as other AR implementations could adhere to. This article introduces ARML 2.0 and its concepts, and analyzes how existing AR browser formats can be mapped to ARML 2.0.
Component-based Software development (2008)

Component-based Software development is a promising way to improve quality, time to market and handle the increasing complexity of software management. However, The component-based development is still a process with many problems, it is not well de_ned either from theoretical or practical point of view. This thesis gives a brief overview of Component-Based Software development and starts with brief historical evolution followed by a general explanation of the method. A detailed discussion of the underlying principles like components, component framework and compent system architecture are then presented. Some real world component stadards such as .net framework, CORBA CCM and EJB are given in detail. Finally, simple fille-sharing-program based on Apache's Avalon framework and another one based on .net framework are developed as a case study.
El punto de vista de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el profesorado y sus creencias epistemológicas en el contexto del espacio europeo de educación superior (2009)

Este estudio se realizo con estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid de carreras relacionadas con Educacion y la Formacion del profesorado durante el curso academico 2007-2008. El motivo de centrar la presente investigacion en la Educacion Superior es el momento crucial de cambio en el que se encuentra la Universidad. En los ultimos anos, las instituciones de Educacion Superior han visto incrementadas las exigencias para asegurar la calidad en la ensenanza y el aprendiz aje. Del mismo modo, se ha generado un debate sobre las competencias que deben adquirir los estudiantes universitarios, asi como las que deben desarrollar los diferentes profesionales de la docencia. En relacion a estos ultimos, un modo de valorar el impacto de sus practicas docentes actuales, revisar y mejorar los procesos de ensenanza-aprendizaje es conocer como los estudiantes perciben a sus profesores y que creencias poseen acerca del conocimiento y el aprendizaje. Con este proposito, partie ndo de metodologia cuantitativa, se desarrollo el presente trabajo que constituye la aplicacion de dos tipos de cuestionarios. Por un lado, un instrumento elaborado ad hoc que recoge las opiniones de los estudiantes sobre las caracteristicas de la d ocencia de calidad que manifiesta el profesorado universitario. Por otro lado, el Cuestionario de Creencias Epistemologicas de Schommer (CE). Al analizar los resultados se concluyo, que el instrumento elaborado para la investigacion resulto ser valid o y fiable. Del mismo modo, se obtuvo un perfil del profesorado universitario actual sobre la base de las puntuaciones de los estudiantes. Este perfil difiere conforme los estudiantes logran niveles educativos superiores, siendo mas favorable en los primeros anos de formacion. En relacion a las creencias sobre el conocimiento y el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, la investigacion confirma la estructura factorial del Cuestionario CE hallada en otros estudios. Asimismo, se encuentran cambios en las creencias epistemologicas de los estudiantes segun avanzan en sus estudios. Finalmente, en cuanto a la relacion entre la percepcion del profesorado por parte de los estudiantes y sus creencias epistemologicas, los resultados revelan que existe ciert a correspondencia entre ambas.
Laser-induced electron trapping in plasma-based accelerators (1999)

Trapping of plasma electrons in the self-modulated laser wakefield accelerator (LWFA) via the coupling of Raman backscatter to the wake is examined analytically and with three-dimensional (3-D) test particle simulations. The trapping threshold for linear polarization is much less than for circular and occurs for wake amplitudes of δn/n∼25%, which is well below wave breaking. Self-channeling provides continuous focusing of the accelerated electrons which, along with relativistic pump laser effects, can enhance the energy gain by a factor ⩾2. The colliding pulse method for injecting electrons in the standard LWFA is examined. Simulations of test electrons in 3-D fields indicate the production of relativistic (⩾25 MeV) high-quality electron bunches with ultrashort durations (a few femtoseconds), small energy spreads (a few percent), and low normalized emittances (1 mm mrad).
Adaptive MAP receiver via the EM algorithm and message passings for MIMO-OFDM mobile communications (2006)

This paper proposes two new types of maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) receivers for multiple-input-multiple-output and orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing mobile communications with a channel coding such as the low-density parity-check code. One proposed receiver employs the expectation-maximization algorithm so as to improve performance of approximated MAP detection. Differently from a conventional receiver employing the minimum mean-square estimation (MMSE) algorithm, it applies the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm to the channel estimation in order to track a fast fading channel. For the purpose of further improvement, the other proposed receiver applies a new adaptive algorithm that can be derived from the message passing on factor graphs. The algorithm exploits all detected signals but one of targeted time, and can gain a considerable advantage over the MMSE and RLS. Computer simulations show that the first proposed receiver is superior in channel-tracking ability to the conventional receiver employing the MMSE. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the second proposed receiver remarkably outperforms both the conventional and the first proposed ones.
On analyzing events to estimate the possible speedup of parallel discrete event simulation (1989)

We describe in this paper a new event based approach for estimating the possible speed up in parallel discrete event simulation which is similar to Berry and Jefferson's method. This method calculates a critical path through a graph developed from a trace of a simulation and from constraints on the order of processing of event instances that ensure correctness of the simulation. Different ways of classifying event instances to determine required constraints are presented. A software system that uses this approach is described and examples are presented.
Emerging New Technology: QSAR Analysis and MO Calculation to Characterize Interactions of Protein Kinase Inhibitors with the Human ABC Transporter, ABCG2 (BCRP) (2010)

Protein kinases are potential drug targets for the treatment of a variety of diseases, including cancer. In particular, specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors are rapidly being developed as new drugs for the inhibition of malignant cell growth and metastasis formation. Most of these newly developed tyrosine kinase inhibitors are hydrophobic and thus rapidly penetrate the cell membrane to reach intracellular targets. However, intracellular accumulation of a drug is regulated by multiple factors, including influx and efflux as well as metabolism. In cancer chemotherapy, overexpression of drug efflux transporters in cancer cells is a major cause of multidrug resistance that reduces the efficacy of anticancer drugs. Thus, the transport mechanism-based molecular design strategy would provide an effective tool for chemotherapy against cancer. To develop a platform for molecular modeling to circumvent multidrug resistance and reduce drug-induced adverse effects, we established methods for high-speed screening for human ABCG2-drug interactions, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis, and quantum chemical calculation for lead optimization. This review addresses recent advances in the strategy of transport mechanism-based molecular design.
Multiple Verruciform <scp>X</scp>anthomas in the Setting of Congenital Hemidysplasia with Ichthyosiform Erythroderma and Limb Defects Syndrome (2013)

Congenital hemidysplasia with ichthyosiform erythroderma and limb defects (CHILD) syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant disease characterized by peculiar cutaneous presentations and skeletal abnormalities. Verruciform xanthoma (VX)-like histologic changes occasionally occur in CHILD syndrome, but typical VX-like lesions coexisting with CHILD syndrome are rare. In this study we report a rare case of multiple, coexisting VXs on the vulva and left lower limb of an 11-year-old Chinese girl who also exhibited the typical clinical presentations and limb defects of CHILD syndrome. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses showed that the lesions were typical VXs.
Efficient Circulation of Railway Rolling Stock (2006)

Railway rolling stock is one of the most significant cost components for operators of passenger trains. The efficient circulation of rolling stock is therefore one of the main objectives pursued in practice. This paper focuses on the determination of appropriate numbers of train units of different types together with their efficient circulation on a single line. To utilize the train units on this line in an efficient way, they are coupled to or uncoupled from the trains in certain stations according to the passengers’ seat demand in peak and off-peak hours. Because coupling and uncoupling train units must respect specific rules related to the shunting possibilities in the stations, it is important to take into account the order of the train units in the trains. This aspect strongly increases the complexity of the rolling stock circulation problem. This paper presents a solution approach based on an integer multicommodity flow model with several additional constraints related to the shunting processes at the stations. The approach is applied to a real-life case study based on the timetable of NS Reizigers, the main Dutch operator of passenger trains.
Specificities of haemagglutinating antibodies evoked by members of the cephalosporin C family and benzylpenicillin (1971)

1. Antisera have been produced in rabbits to benzylpenicillin and four members of the cephalosporin C family and to conjugates of these substances with bovine gamma-globulin. 2. Deacetoxycephalosporin C reacted less readily and deacetylcephalosporin C lactone more readily with bovine gamma-globulin than did benzylpenicillin, cephalosporin C or deacetylcephalosporin C. 3. Antisera to free or conjugated benzylpenicillin agglutinated red cells sensitized with a variety of penicillins, but only reacted to a significant extent with cells sensitized with the cephalosporins tested when the latter contained an N-phenylacetyl or chemically related side chain. 4. Antisera to members of the cephalosporin C family agglutinated cells sensitized with these cephalosporins or with penicillin N, but did not react with cephalosporins whose side chains were chemically unrelated to alpha-aminoadipic acid. 5. Members of the cephalosporin C family and products of hydrolysis of cephalosporin C behaved as hapten inhibitors of antisera to cephalosporin C, but 7-aminocephalosporanic acid was relatively ineffective. 6. These findings are discussed in relation to differences in the chemical properties of penicillins and cephalosporins.
Influence of hydrogen on superconducting niobium cavities (1980)

The influence of the solute hydrogen on rf properties of superconducting niobium cavities is investigated experimentally. Chemical polishing and too much electropolishing decrease the energy gap and rf breakdown fields. High-temperature vacuum firing in a UHV furnace decrease the residual loss and recovers the energy gap. Annealed cavities are, however, easily degraded not only by a short period of exposure to hydrogen, but also by a long term storage in air. Chemically polished cavities also show a great enhancement of the penetration depth λ0. These effects can be ascribed to hydrogen which is picked up from etchants or from atmosphere.
A Técnica Sueca de Treinamento para Corridas de Fundo (2020)

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An adaptive low-ripple torque control of switched reluctance motor for small electric vehicle (2008)

This paper proposes a low-ripple instantaneous torque control method based on an adaptive torque sharing function for use with switched reluctance motor. The conventional torque sharing function technique is most effective when the SRM operates in low speed range and its performance deteriorates at higher speed. The proposed adaptive torque sharing function has the active period of each phase that can be automatically adjusted corresponding to the operating speed. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the computer simulations for a 1.5 kW, 6/4 SRM with rated speed 1,500 r/min.
Tiapride in the Long-term Management of Alcoholics of Anxious or Depressive Temperament (1987)

Thirty-two chemically dependent alcoholics with significant levels of anxiety or depression were admitted to a double-blind randomised study in which the effect of the substituted benzamide tiapride was compared with that of placebo over a 6-month period. Twenty patients completed the study. Assessments included relevant biochemical and haematological tests, drinking levels and associated behaviour, expressed satisfaction with various areas of life, the Crown-Crisp Experimental Index of neurotic symptoms and questionnaires on self-esteem and alcohol dependence. The results indicated that in comparison with the placebo group, patients treated with tiapride drank less and had longer periods of abstinence. This was associated with improvements in laboratory tests, reduction in neurotic symptoms, gains in self-esteem and increased levels of expressed satisfaction with life situation. The drug was well tolerated and no deleterious effects were noted, suggesting its potential usefulness for this patient group.
Model‐based constraints on interpreting 20th century trends in ice core <sup>10</sup>Be (2009)

Beryllium‐10 ice‐core records are useful for understanding solar magnetic field changes over time, and in particular over the 20th century, during which there are a variety of relevant observations. However, differences between 10 Be snow concentration records from different locations complicate the process of developing a coherent understanding of changes in cosmogenic isotope production. We use the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE general circulation model to simulate the production and transport of beryllium isotopes for this time period. We compare our results with surface air observations, and with ice‐core records from Dye 3, Taylor Dome, and South Pole. We find that unforced weather‐related (internal) variability causes modeled trends in 10 Be snow concentration to vary from the ensemble mean by 50% and greater at all three ice‐core locations. Lower levels of internal variability at Taylor Dome and South Pole relative to Dye 3 make the simulated 10 Be values at these locations better estimates of the ensemble‐mean trend in 10 Be snow concentration. In addition, the ensemble mean concentration trend at Dye 3 was significantly different from the expected modeled trend based on applied production changes alone. Overall, the results imply that during the 20th century, 10 Be data from multiple cores are likely to be required to make meaningful inferences about 10 Be production changes. The model simulations imply that data from Antarctica are likely to be more robust.
In Situ Single-Crystal X-ray Diffraction Studies of Desorption and Sorption in a Flexible Nanoporous Molecular Framework Material (2005)

The subtle flexibility of the framework material Co(bpy)1.5(NO3)2.(guest) (bpy = 4,4'-bipyridine) (1.(guest)) is demonstrated quantitatively through in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction measurements of guest desorption and sorption processes. Variable temperature unit cell determinations were employed to monitor the uptake and release of guest species, and full structural determinations have been carried out for the as-grown ethanol-loaded framework (1.(EtOH)), for the empty host framework, and for each of the five introduced guests (methanol: 1.(MeOH), acetone: 1.(ACN), acetonitrile: 1.(MeCN), tetrahydrofuran:1.(THF), dichloromethane: 1.(DCM)). The framework consists of interdigitated two-dimensional bilayers of cobalt(II) centers bridged by bpy ligands, with one-dimensional pores that account for approximately 20% of the total volume. The sorption of guest species of varying size and shape has revealed the framework's ability to adapt to different guests through a range of different framework flexibilities.