gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mapping the Epitope of an Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibody to the C-terminal DNA-binding Domain of HIV-1 Integrase (2002)

Integrase (IN) catalyzes the insertion of retroviral DNA into chromosomal DNA of a host cell and is one of three virus-encoded enzymes that are required for replication. A library of monoclonal antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) IN was raised and characterized in our laboratory. Among them, monoclonal antibody (mAb) 33 and mAb32 compete for binding to the C-terminal domain of the HIV-1 IN protein. Here, we show that mAb33 is a strong inhibitor of IN catalytic activity, whereas mAb32 is only weakly inhibitory. Furthermore, as the Fab fragment of mAb32 had no effect on IN activity, inhibition by this mAb may result solely from its bivalency. In contrast, Fab33 did inhibit IN catalytic activity, although bivalent binding by mAb33 may enhance the inhibition. Interaction with Fab33 also prevented DNA binding to the isolated C-terminal domain of IN. Results from size-exclusion chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric analyses revealed that multiple Fab33 small middle dotIN C-terminal domain complexes exist in solution. Studies using heteronuclear NMR showed a steep decrease in (1)H-(15)N cross-peak intensity for 8 residues in the isolated C-terminal domain upon binding of Fab33, indicating that these residues become immobilized in the complex. Among them, Ala(239) and Ile(251) are buried in the interior of the domain, whereas the remaining residues (Phe(223), Arg(224), Tyr(226), Lys(244), Ile(267), and Ile(268)) form a contiguous, solvent-accessible patch on the surface of the protein likely including the epitope of Fab33. Molecular modeling of Fab33 followed by computer-assisted docking with the IN C-terminal domain suggested a structure for the antibody-antigen complex that is consistent with our experimental data and suggested a potential target for anti-AIDS drug design.
Application of Single Drop Extraction (SDE) Gas Chromatography Method for the Determination of Carbonyl Compounds in Spirits and Vodkas (2006)

Abstract The application of single drop extraction (SDE) for isolation and enrichment of carbonyl compounds after derivatization with O‐(2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine in spirits and vodkas is discussed. The optimal parameters (extraction volume, drop volume, content of ethyl alcohol, sample volume, temperature and time of extraction) for isolation and preconcentration of C1–C6 aldehydes from alcoholic matrices were established. The developed SDE‐gas chromatography (GC)‐electron capture detection (ECD), an extraction method, allows the determination of low molecular aldehydes at level lower than 1 µg dm−3. The overall analysis time without derivatization is 35 minutes. The procedure was applied for the determination of aldehydes in real alcoholic beverages (vodkas). The simplicity and cost‐effectiveness of the proposed procedure makes it a good alternative to solid phase microextraction (SPME) and other more labor‐intensive methods.
Ring‐opening metathesis copolymerization of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentene through reaction injection molding process (2012)

Abstract Copolymer of dicyclopentadiene and cyclopentene (CPE) is synthesized through ring‐opening metathesis polymerization using the second‐generation Grubbs catalyst. The influences of monomer composition, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature on gelification time and monomer conversion have been investigated. Furthermore, the reaction injection molding process is employed to produce the copolymer of dicyclopentadiene and CPE. It has been found that postcuring process is necessary to achieve 100% monomer conversion. The incorporation of a small amount of CPE into the copolymers can reduce the weight loss rate in the TGA process and improve the mechanical properties. The effects of CPE fraction, catalyst concentration, and postcuring temperature on thermal stability and mechanical properties are discussed. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
The versatile functions of the transcriptional coactivators p300 and CBP and their roles in disease. (2002)

p300 and CBP are highly homologous coactivators which promote gene transcription by bridging between DNA-binding transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery, by providing a scaffold for integrating transcription factors, and by modifying transcription factors and chromatin through acetylation. The p300/CBP cofactors are involved in a plethora of physiological processes, and their activity is essential for embryogenesis. Chromosomal translocations affecting the p300 and Cbp genes are the cause of hematological malignancies, and Cbp haploinsufficiency is a hallmark of the Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. In addition, mutations in the Cbp or p300 gene, accompanied by loss of the other allele, have been found in various kinds of tumors. Furthermore, inhibition of CBP and p300 function in neurodegenerative diseases caused by polyglutamine expansion may be an underlying cause for cytotoxicity. Approaches to modulate p300/CBP function may be instrumental in the development of novel therapies directed against viral infections, cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Nanocapsules as Drug Delivery Systems (2005)

Dispersed polymer nanocapsules can serve as nano-sized drug carriers to achieve controlled release as well as efficient drug targeting. The dispersion stability and the primary physiological response are mainly determined by the type of the surfactant and the nature of the outer coating. Their release and degradation properties largely depend on the composition and the structure of the capsule walls. Another important criterion is the capsule size, where an optimum is generally seen for radii ranging between 100 and 500 nm. Nanocapsules can be prepared by four principally different approaches: interfacial polymerization, interfacial precipitation, interfacial deposition, and self assembly procedures. All these procedures offer their individual advantages and disadvantages when it comes to the design of optimized drug carrier systems. The most important capsule parameters such as capsule radius distribution, the capsule surface, the thickness and the permeability of the capsule membrane and its thermal or chemical decomposition, are discussed and examples are shown. In combination with efficient preparation procedures, nanocapsule dispersions allow for new and promising approaches in many kinds of pharmaceutical therapies.
Local Heat Transfer Coefficients of a High-Frequency Synthetic Jet during Impingement Cooling over Flat Surfaces (2008)

It has been shown that synthetic jets can enhance heat transfer in air-cooling during natural convection heat transfer. Those meso scale devices are expected to be one of the methods of choice for cooling confined space, low heat-generating electronics. The present study focuses on the local and global heat transfer coefficients of a high-frequency meso scale synthetic jet. The experiments have been completed with synthetic jets, which are 12.5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick with a square orifice of 1 mm. A synthetic jet has been driven at the resonance frequency of 4500 Hz, and voltage was between 30 V and 50 V. Earlier studies have focused on understanding the effect of voltage and driving frequency on the average heat transfer effect, while the current study aims for determining local heat transfer. A microscopic infrared thermal imaging technique was used to acquire local temperature distributions, and the data were analyzed for local convective and radiative heat transfer coefficients. Four square heaters (each with a different size) have been studied in the current study to determine the effect of the characteristic length as well. Heat transfer enhancements over the specific heater sizes are presented, and it is found to be between 4 and 10 times of natural convection.
GROWTH HORMONE INCREASES OVARIAN LEVELS OF IMMONOREACTIVE SOMATOMEDIN C/INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I<i>IN VIVO</i>. (1986)

The hypothesis that GH may affect gonadal function by increasing local levels of the GH-dependent somatomedin C/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF I) was tested. Ovine GH (200 micrograms) was injected into immature, hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated female rats; animals were sacrificed 8 or 12 h later. Renal and ovarian homogenates were acid extracted and chromatographed over Sephadex G-50. Eight h after GH injection, 3.6 to 6.4-fold increases in immunoreactive IGF I (IR-IGF I) levels were observed in either ovarian or renal extracts subjected to acid chromatography. Twelve h after GH treatment, IR-IGF I levels remained elevated, but were lower than after 8 h. In neither case could IR-IGF I levels be accounted for by serum contamination. IR-IGF I eluted with an apparent mol wt near that of synthetic human IGF I in both kidney and ovary. Thus, GH can directly increase ovarian and renal tissue IR-IGF I levels in vivo. Taken with previous observations showing a direct gonadotropin-enhancing effect of IGF I on rat granulosa cells in vitro, our results support the hypothesis that GH may affect ovarian differentiation by inducing the local production or accumulation of IGF I, providing evidence for a novel intraovarian paracrine control mechanism.
Intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing (2015)

We report our studies on an intense source of cold cesium atoms based on a two-dimensional magneto-optical trap with independent axial cooling and pushing. The new-designed source, proposed as 2D-HP MOT, uses hollow laser beams for axial cooling and a thin pushing laser beam for cold atomic beam extraction. Regulated independently by the pushing beam, the atomic flux can be substantially optimized. The atomic flux maximum obtained in the 2D-HP MOT is $4.02\times 10^{10}$ atoms/s, increased by 60 percent compared to the traditional 2D$^+$ MOT in our experiment. Moreover, with the pushing power 10 $μ$W and detuning $0Γ$, the 2D-HP MOT can generate a rather intense cold cesium atomic beam with the concomitant light shift suppressed by 20 times in magnitude. The axial velocity distribution of the cold cesium beams centers at 6.8 m/s with a FMHW of about 2.8 m/s. The dependences of the atomic flux on the pushing power and detuning are studied. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical model.
Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies: A Comprehensive Introduction (2016)

Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency Technologies provides a comprehensive introduction to the revolutionary yet often misunderstood new technologies of digital currency. Whether you are a student, software developer, tech entrepreneur, or researcher in computer science, this authoritative and self-contained book tells you everything you need to know about the new global money for the Internet age. How do Bitcoin and its block chain actually work? How secure are your bitcoins? How anonymous are their users? Can cryptocurrencies be regulated? These are some of the many questions this book answers. It begins by tracing the history and development of Bitcoin and cryptocurrencies, and then gives the conceptual and practical foundations you need to engineer secure software that interacts with the Bitcoin network as well as to integrate ideas from Bitcoin into your own projects. Topics include decentralization, mining, the politics of Bitcoin, altcoins and the cryptocurrency ecosystem, the future of Bitcoin, and more. An essential introduction to the new technologies of digital currency Covers the history and mechanics of Bitcoin and the block chain, security, decentralization, anonymity, politics and regulation, altcoins, and much more Features an accompanying website that includes instructional videos for each chapter, homework problems, programming assignments, and lecture slides Also suitable for use with the authors' Coursera online course Electronic solutions manual (available only to professors)
Application of photonic crystals in submicron damage detection and quantification (2006)

We propose the use of photonic crystals (PC) for submicron damage detection and quantification. The idea is based on the inherent tie between PC topology and its corresponding spectral frequency response. We demonstrate using a simulation model that a PC sensor attached to a polymer substrate will experience significant changes in its band gap profile when microdamage is induced in the substrate. A damage metric, developed using principles of fuzzy pattern recognition, is used to quantify the change in the spectral response in relation to the level of induced damage. Finally, different damage scenarios demonstrating coincidence with results are examined and reported.
"Kinemages" Bring Journal Illustration into the Computer Age (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXT"Kinemages" Bring Journal Illustration into the Computer AgeMolecular structures that users can view and manipulate in 3-D are a big step beyond the stereo color plateSTU BORMANCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 7, 26–27Publication Date (Print):February 17, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 17 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n007.p026https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n007.p026newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Molecular structure Get e-Alerts
Ethical Issues in High-Risk Infant Care (1990)

Much controversy exists today regarding the "salvaging" of high-risk infants. There are many ethical concerns surrounding these children. The advancement of technology has had a profound effect on the treatment of preterm infants or infants with deformities. In this article the authors address selected ethical concerns regarding personhood, autonomy, beneficence, parental authority, quality of life, sanctity of life, and optional, obligatory, and wrong forms of treatment. The article begins with an overview of the history of infanticide as well as the history of neonatal intensive care units. Financial and legal issues are also discussed. In addition, the nurse's role in working with high-risk infants and their families is briefly explored.
La revendication électorale identitaire sancerroise : potentialités et limites du paradigme conflictuel (2004)

Note portant sur l’auteur« Un des postulats de l’anthropologie interprétative est, on le sait, l’altérité radicale de l’objet d’étude, altérité qui peut être capturée par l’historien à travers le déchiffrement des systèmes de signification enracinés dans les comportements, dans les textes, dans chaque forme de vécu social » C. Geertz [1986].Aborder la notion de conflit en science politique commande, même si l’exercice paraît quelque peu convenu, un détour sémantique initial. Les synonymes pr...
A FLAVOPROTEIN MAY MEDIATE THE BLUE LIGHT‐ACTIVATED BINDING OF GUANOSINE 5'‐TRIPHOSPHATE TO ISOLATED PLASMA MEMBRANES OF<i>Pisum sativum</i>L.* (1992)

Abstract— A blue light photoreceptor has not been identified in higher plants. Most proposals for a blue light‐absorbing chromophore lack evidence for a direct connection between the putative chromophdre and a biological effect. Fluorescence data for the plasma membrane from etiolated buds of Pisum sativum L. suggest that we are measuring fluorescence emission of flavin species, and probably not pterin species. Fluorescence data indicate that a putative flavin exists associated with a protein or protein complex in the plasma membrane. Excitation of plasma membranes that were boiled in the presence of 0.1% sodium dodecyl sulfate and treated with blue light yields a fluorescence band with a maximum of approximately 552 nm. This fluorescence emission can be rapidly quenched by the flavin antagonists phenylacetic acid (PAA) and KI. Blue light‐enhanced binding of guanosine 5'‐[Γ‐thio]triphosphate (GTPγS) to a protein in the plasma membrane is strongly inhibited by PAA, KI, and NaN 3 , all quenchers of flavin excited states, indicating that a chromophore for this photoreaction may be a flavin associated with a plasma membrane protein. The above evidence is consistent with the participation of a flavin as the chromophore for the light‐induced GTP‐binding reaction in pea plasma membrane.
Domain Structure of Pleiotrophin Required for Transformation (1999)

The pleiotrophin (PTN) gene (Ptn) is a potent proto-oncogene that is highly expressed in many primary human tumors and constitutively expressed in cell lines derived from these tumors. The product of the Ptn gene is a secreted 136-amino acid heparin binding cytokine with distinct lysine-rich clusters within both the N- and C-terminal domains. To seek domains of PTN functionally important in neoplastic transformation, we constructed a series of mutants and tested their transforming potential by four independent criteria. Our data establish that a domain within PTN residues 41 to 64 and either but not both the N- or C-terminal domains are required for transformation; deletion of both the N and C termini abolishes the transformation potential of PTN. Furthermore, deletion of two internal 5-amino acid residue repeats enhances the transformation potency of PTN 2-fold. Our data indicate that PTN residues 41-64 contain an essential domain for transformation and suggest the hypothesis that this domain requires an additional interaction of the highly basic clusters of the N or C terminus of PTN with a negatively charged "docking" site to enable the transforming domain itself to engage and initiate PTN signaling through its cognate receptor.
Semantic Home Photo Categorization (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A semantic categorization method for generic home photo is proposed. The main contribution of this paper is to exploit a two-layered classification model incorporating camera metadata with low-level features for multilabel detection. The two-layered support vector machine (SVM) classifiers operate to detect local and global photo semantics in a feed-forward way. The first layer aims to predict likelihood of predefined local photo semantics based on camera metadata and regional low-level visual features. In the second layer, one or more global photo semantics is detected based on the likelihood. To construct classifiers producing <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">a posterior</emphasis> probability, we use a parametric model to fit the output of SVM classifiers to posterior probability. A concept merging process based on a set of semantic-confidence maps is also presented to cope with selecting more likelihood photo semantics on spatially overlapping local regions. Experiment was performed with 3086 photos that come from MPEG-7 visual core experiment two official databases. Results showed that the proposed method would much better capture multiple semantic meanings of home photos, compared to other similar technologies. </para>
Simultaneous Determination of Urinary Metabolites of Toluene, Xylene, Styrene and Ethyl Benzene by Solid-Phase Extraction Technique and High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic/Photo Diode Array Detection (1996)

Abstract To determine the level of urinary hippuric acid, methylhippuric acid, mandelic acid, and phenylglyoxylic acid, a method by solid-phase extraction (SPE) pretreatment and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography with photo diode array detection has been developed in this study. Six milliliter of methanol is the only solvent used in the SPE procedures. After extraction, the urine sample is injected onto a 5 (μn RP18-LiChrospher 100 column (150 mm × 4 mm I.D.). The mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile (15 parts) and phosphate buffer (85 parts) containing tetrabutyl ammonium hydrogen sulfate (8.5 mM). The entire procedure is performed in 40 min. The method is simple, rapid and highly specific, and applicable in field study of toluene, xylene. styrene and ethyl benzene exposure.
Reactor protection system design using application specific integrated circuits (1992)

Implementing reactor protection systems (RPS) or other engineering safeguard systems with application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) offers significant advantages over conventional analog or software based RPSs. Conventional analog RPSs suffer from setpoints drifts and large numbers of discrete analog electronics, hardware logic, and relays which reduce reliability because of the large number of potential failures of components or interconnections. To resolve problems associated with conventional discrete RPSs and proposed software based RPS systems, a hybrid analog and digital RPS system implemented with custom ASICs is proposed. The actual design of the ASIC RPS resembles a software based RPS but the programmable software portion of each channel is implemented in a fixed digital logic design including any input variable computations. Set point drifts are zero as in proposed software systems, but the verification and validation of the computations is made easier since the computational logic an be exhaustively tested. The functionality is assured fixed because there can be no future changes to the ASIC without redesign and fabrication. Subtle error conditions caused by out of order evaluation or time dependent evaluation of system variables against protection criteria are eliminated by implementing all evaluation computations in parallel for simultaneous results. On- chipmore » redundancy within each RPS channel and continuous self-testing of all channels provided enhanced assurance that a particular channel is available and faults are identified as soon as possible for corrective actions. The use of highly integrated ASICs to implement channel electronics rather than the use of discrete electronics greatly reduces the total number of components and interconnections in the RPS to further increase system reliability. A prototype ASIC RPS channel design and the design environment used for ASIC RPS systems design is discussed.« less
Terpenes and Sesquiterpenes in Cold‐pressed Orange Oil (1965)

SUMMARY As part of a study of the flavor constituents of orange oil, 13 terpenes and 11 sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were isolated and identified. The terpene hydrocarbons were identified as α‐thujene, α‐pinene, camphene, 2,4‐p‐mentbadiene, sabinene, myrcene, Δ‐3‐carene, α‐phellandrene, α‐terpinene, limonene, Δ‐3‐terpinene, p‐cymene, and terpinolene. The sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were identified as α‐copaene, α‐ylangene, β‐copaene, β‐elemene, caryophyllene, β‐ylangene, farnesene, α‐ and β‐humulene, valencene, and Δ‐cadinene.