gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the generation and evolution of aeroelectric structures in the surface layer (1999)

Ultralow frequency pulsations of electric field in the surface atmospheric layer were investigated under fair weather conditions. A new method of structural‐temporal analysis has been applied to the study of spatiotemporal structures of the electric field described previously by [ Anisimov et al., 1994 ]. The method is based on exploration of the structural function by averaging the remote sensing data over respective temporal spans. This analysis allows quantitative estimations of spatial scales L ≃ 500 ‐ 10 3 m and temporal scales not less than τ = 10 min for the structural elements of the planetary boundary layer electricity; we call these recently examined elements “aeroelectric structures” (AES). Quasiperiodic sequences and high‐amplitude solitary AES have been recognized. Three‐dimensional structural‐temporal patterns are presented which directly characterize the level of electric energy perturbations connected with AES formation during night‐day evolution. A model of AES formation has been developed, taking into account the occurence of convective cells with respective turbulent air and space charge density distributions that are transferred by the wind over the ground and cause the electric field fluctuations at the points of observation. Therefore formation of such submesoscale structures can be explained by the redistribution of space charge within the surface layer, with the structures of the smallest scales coupled to the turbulent mixing of the ions and aerosols. In addition to the advection and turbulent mixing of space charge, we also consider the cooperative electroaerodynamic effects which might occur in a system of bipolar ion and aerosol particles under the influence of a terrestrial electric field. We have proposed an advanced model treating the AES formation as the result of instability arising in such a system, taking into account the dependence of the effective ion‐aerosol attachment coefficient on the external electric field strength.
Physicochemical Properties of Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-4-vinylpyridine) Cationic Polyelectrolyte Colloidal Microgels (2003)

Aqueous colloidal poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-4-vinylpyridine) [poly(NIPAM-co-4-VP)] copolymer microgels have been synthesized using different percentages of 4-vinylpyridine (4-VP). A surfactant-free emulsion polymerization reaction using N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) and 4-vinylpyridine comonomers cross-linked with N,N‘-methylenebisacrylamide was utilized. The reaction was initiated using the cationic initiator 2,2‘-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride. Transmission electron micrograph data show the copolymer microgels to be monodisperse spheres. The pH and electrolyte sensitivity of the copolymer microgels have been studied, as well as temperature sensitivity, since microgels undergo a reversible volume phase transition in response to heating and cooling. Changes in the hydrodynamic diameters in the system were monitored as a function of temperature (25−60 °C), pH (3−8), and ionic strength (10-3−10-1 mol dm-3 NaCl or NaClO4) using photon correlation spectroscopy. The hydrodynamic diameter of poly(NIPAM-co-4-VP) microgels increases with decreasing pH, as the vinylpyridine units become more protonated. However, the hydrodynamic diameter decreases with increasing ionic strength (over the pH range 3−8) and with increasing temperature (at pH 3 and pH 6). UV−visible spectrophotometry measurements showed a good correlation between the molar absorption and the percentage of vinylpyridine incorporated. Potentiometric titrations were used to determine the pKa values of the copolymer microgels.
Association of the Neurotrophic Tyrosine Kinase Receptor 3 ( <i>NTRK3</i> ) Gene and Childhood-Onset Mood Disorders (2008)

The results for NTRK3 as well as the authors' previous finding for association to brain-derived neurotrophic factor in this sample support synaptic plasticity as a mechanism contributing to mood disorders that begin during childhood and adolescence and specifically implicate the NTRK3 gene as a contributing factor in the 15q-linked region.
Windows 10 Step by Step (2015)

The quick way to learn Windows 10 This is learning made easy. Get more done quickly with Windows 10. Jump in wherever you need answers--brisk lessons and colorful screenshots show you exactly what to do, step by step. Discover fun and functional Windows 10 features! Work with the new, improved Start menu and Start screen Learn about different sign-in methods Put the Cortana personal assistant to work for you Manage your online reading list and annotate articles with the new browser, Microsoft Edge Help safeguard your computer, your information, and your privacy Manage connections to networks, devices, and storage resources
Radical Evil and the Narration of Goods (2005)

The simplest (but by no means the only) form in which moral life itself requires creativity lies in the self’s teleological narration, alongside others, of the meaning of biological, social, and historical goods. Aristotle and contemporary Aristotelians like Alasdair MacIntyre and Stanley Hauerwas show how moral life depends on traditional and social narratives, but they separate the activities of poetics and ethical phronesis and so reduce ethical narrative to something passively received instead of also actively created. Martha Nussbaum draws a closer relation of ethics and poetics through an Aristotelian conception of moral tragedy, but subordinates poetics to an instrumental means toward otherwise fixed moral norms. Paul Ricoeur shows that the narration of goods rests on a poetics of the will in which the self confronts its own freely chosen radical evil by affirming, still more primordially, its passive-active capability or “gift” for narrating the good in the first place. Beyond Ricoeur, a deeper Greek and Aristotelian sense for historical moral tragedy can be introduced into such moral narration by first defining radical evil as the tragic tension of freedom and finitude, and second affirming a still more primordial human capability for rendering this tension productive of ever more radically inclusive historical narration.
Auditing a Database under Retention Restrictions (2009)

Auditing the changes to a database is critical for identifying malicious behavior, maintaining data quality, and improving system performance. But an accurate audit log is a historical record of the past that can also pose a serious threat to privacy. Policies which limit data retention conflict with the goal of accurate auditing, and data owners have to carefully balance the need for policy compliance with the goal of accurate auditing. In this paper, we provide a framework for auditing the changes to a database system while respecting data retention policies. Our framework includes a historical data model that supports flexible audit queries, along with a language for retention policies that hide individual attribute values or remove entire tuples from history. Under retention policies, the audit history is partially incomplete. We formalize the meaning of audit queries on the protected history, which can include imprecise results. We implement policy application and query answering efficiently in a standard relational system, and characterize (both theoretically and experimentally) the cases where accurate auditing can be achieved under retention restrictions.
Silicon photodiode arrays (1975)

A historical outline traces the development from the initial experiments using hybrid technologies to present day integrated arrays in volume production, and to the latest developments. The theory of operation of photodiode arrays is explained, showing how sensitive scanned arrays are made possible by the charge integration technique, and describing and comparing the various scanning methods which have been proposed and developed, including serial multiplexing, bucket brigades, CCD, CID etc. The optical and electrical characteristics of arrays are discussed, pointing out the effects of various main limiting factors on array performance. The main fields of application of arrays are presented, together with the considerations relevant to designing systems of various types.
RAINFALL CHANGES1 (1936)

1Excerpts from a revision of a paper presented to the Minneapolis Meeting, June, 1935.
FORUM The Quantified Process Approach: An Emerging Methodology to Neuropsychological Assessment (2000)

An important development in the field of neuropsychological assessment is the quantification of the process by which individuals solve common neuropsychological tasks. The present article outlines the history leading to this development, the Quantified Process Approach, and suggests that this line of applied research bridges the gap between the clinical and statistical approaches to neuropsychological assessment. It is argued that the enterprise of quantifying the process approach proceeds via three major methodologies: (1) the "Satellite" Testing Paradigm: an approach by which new tasks are developed to complement existing tests so as to clarify a given test performance; (2) the Composition Paradigm: an approach by which data on a given test that have been largely overlooked are compiled and subsequently analyzed, resulting in new indices that are believed to reflect underlying constructs accounting for test performance; and (3) the Decomposition Paradigm: an approach which investigates the relationship between test items of a given measure according to underlying facets, resulting in the development of new subscores. The article illustrates each of the above paradigms, offers a critique of this new field according to prevailing professional standards for psychological measures, and provides suggestions for future research.
A REVIEW OF RECENT DEVELOPMENTS AND CURRENT ISSUES IN ROAD SAFETY (1989)

This paper describes the economic impact of road accidents in developed and developing countries, and the difficulties associated with obtaining precise estimates of the costs of accidents. It is argued that a comprehensive strategy for accident reduction and prevention is required in order to have a substantial effect on the large social costs of accidents. After describing the essential ingredients of such a strategy, the attention shifts to three major issues confronting those involved in accident reduction and prevention work; how to identify the most appropriate type of accident reduction and prevention plan, how to identify unduly hazardous locations, and how to estimate the effectiveness of treatment. In particular, indices of accident clustering, regression-to-the-mean, accident migration and risk compensation are discussed.(A)
Soybean product inhibits K88 enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli binding to enterocytes (2008)

Strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli expressing the K88 fimbrial adhesin (K88 ETEC) induce colibacillosis by binding to enterocytes in the small intestine of newborn and weaned piglets and causing secretory diarrhea. Current vaccination protocols are ineffective at preventing K88 ETEC infections during the postweaning period. Consequently, new procedures for preventing and treating postweaning colibacillosis caused by K88 ETEC are needed. Previous studies have shown that extracts of fermented soy products have the potential to prevent ETEC disease by blocking the binding of ETEC to enterocytes. In this study, we evaluated extracts of the fermented soy product, Dochi , for its ability to block K88 ETEC binding to enterocytes. We found that Dochi extracts were able significantly inhibit binding of K88 ETEC to brush borders isolated from porcine enterocytes (50% inhibition, P < 0.05) and cultured porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC‐J2) cells (60% inhibition, P < 0.05). The inhibitory compound in the Dochi extract was found to elute during fractionation on a Superose 12 FPLC size exclusion column at an approximate molecular weight of 1300 Da. Future studies will be focused on determining the chemical nature of the inhibitory compound and on determining if the inhibitory compound can be used to prevent or treat K88 ETEC‐induced colibacillosis in weaned piglets. Supported by South Dakota State University Research/Scholarship Support Fund, the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station, and the South Dakota Center for Infectious Disease Research and Vaccinology.
Synthese von Isothiocyanaten (1962)

Abstract Isothiocyanate (Senföle) werden in guten Ausbeuten durch Umsetzung von primären aliphatischen und aromatischen Aminen mit N.N ′‐Thiocarbonyl‐di‐imidazol (II) erhalten.
Amide I band of IR spectrum and structure of collagen and related polypeptides (1985)

Abstract The infrared amide I band of collagens (rat and cod skin) and related compounds (polyproline, polyglycine, and polytripeptides) was studied. Assignment of amide I‐band components for polyproline II and polytripeptides (Gly‐Pro‐Pro) n and (Gly‐Pro‐Gly) n in the solid state and water solution was made. Three amide I components observed in the polypeptide spectra were attributed to three different peptide CO groups in each triplet. On the basis of this assignment, the interpretation of the amide I multicomponent structure in collagen and isomorphous oligo‐ and polypeptides was attempted. The ordering of intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds involving peptide CO groups in collagen and related compounds was discussed.
Energetics of bacterial growth: balance of anabolic and catabolic reactions (1995)

Biomass formation represents one of the most basic aspects of bacterial metabolism. While there is an abundance of information concerning individual reactions that result in cell duplication, there has been surprisingly little information on the bioenergetics of growth. For many years, it was assumed that biomass production (anabolism) was proportional to the amount of ATP which could be derived from energy-yielding pathways (catabolism), but later work showed that the ATP yield (YATP) was not necessarily a constant. Continuous-culture experiments indicated that bacteria utilized ATP for metabolic reactions that were not directly related to growth (maintenance functions). Mathematical derivations showed that maintenance energy appeared to be a growth rate-independent function of the cell mass and time. Later work, however, showed that maintenance energy alone could not account for all the variations in yield. Because only some of the discrepancy could be explained by the secretion of metabolites (overflow metabolism) or the diversion of catabolism to metabolic pathways which produced less ATP, it appeared that energy-excess cultures had mechanisms of spilling energy. Bacteria have the potential to spill excess ATP in futile enzyme cycles, but there has been little proof that such cycles are significant. Recent work indicated that bacteria can also use futile cycles of potassium, ammonia, and protons through the cell membrane to dissipate ATP either directly or indirectly. The utility of energy spilling in bacteria has been a curiosity. The deprivation of energy from potential competitors is at best a teleological explanation that cannot be easily supported by standard theories of natural selection. The priming of intracellular intermediates for future growth or protection of cells from potentially toxic end products (e.g., methylglyoxal) seems a more plausible explanation.
Dietary Polyphenols and the Prevention of Diseases (2005)

Polyphenols are the most abundant antioxidants in the diet and are widespread constituents of fruits, vegetables, cereals, dry legumes, chocolate, and beverages, such as tea, coffee, or wine. Experimental studies on animals or cultured human cell lines support a role of polyphenols in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases, cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, or osteoporosis. However, it is very difficult to predict from these results the effects of polyphenol intake on disease prevention in humans. One of the reasons is that these studies have often been conducted at doses or concentrations far beyond those documented in humans. The few clinical studies on biomarkers of oxidative stress, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and tumor or bone resorption biomarkers have often led to contradictory results. Epidemiological studies have repeatedly shown an inverse association between the risk of myocardial infarction and the consumption of tea and wine or the intake level of some particular flavonoids, but no clear associations have been found between cancer risk and polyphenol consumption. More human studies are needed to provide clear evidence of their health protective effects and to better evaluate the risks possibly resulting from too high a polyphenol consumption.
Anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐α therapy is associated with less frequent mood and anxiety disorders in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Patients with RA frequently have mood and anxiety disorders, and anti-TNF-alpha drugs may be useful for the mental status of these patients.
Eye tracking performance improvement (2014)

In this paper, solutions to improve the stability and time response for head mounted eye tracking system are presented. The detection of eye pupil centre coordinates is affected by noise due to physiologic eye tremor, noisy images and the algorithm used for pupil detection. That leads to unstable point of gaze detection, affecting the eye tracking precision. Treating pupil centre coordinates as two separate signals, filters can be applied to improve the pupil detection stability. The point fixation can be more accurate detected by adding a snap to point technique fixation.
Emission enhancement from nonpolar a-plane III-nitride nanopillar (2011)

A nonpolar a-plane GaN-based light emitting structure was patterned by self-assembled SiO2 nanosphere lithography and subsequent inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etch to define an array of nanopillar light emitters. The photoluminescence (PL) intensity was enhanced by ∼110% after the anisotropic ICP etch, compared with an unprocessed sample, which is attributed to a reduction in wave-guiding effects in the thin film. Additionally, the anisotropic ICP etch caused minimal wavelength shift in the dominant 3.34 eV near-bandedge radiative transition. A subsequent photoelectrochemical (PEC) etch process of the a-plane GaN nanopillars preferentially etched the underlying n-type layers, leaving a wider p-type cap. The n-type layers wet-etched by recession of the N-polar (000-1) plane (perpendicular to the a-plane growth axis) via formation of the distinctive pyramid-shaped facets. The PL intensity was enhanced by ∼168% after ICP and PEC etching although the peak emission occurred at a lower energy. The combination of nanosphere lithography and ICP was highly effective in improving the light extraction efficiency in a-plane nonpolar GaN-based light emitting diodes.
The reaction of bromine with cyclohexene in carbon tetrachloride. Part 2. Reactions in the presence of added hydrogen bromide, and of imides, and in the absence of additives (1983)

The addition of bromine to cyclohexene in carbon tetrachloride containing added hydrogen bromide takes place rapidly, and is of first order in each of these species. When bromine is added to cyclohexene in solutions containing succinimide or phthalimide, the addition reaction follows an expression of order 1.5 in bromine and 0.5 in the imide. When no other component is present, the addition of bromine to cyclohexene is extremely sensitive to unintentional additives, but is usually of order 1.5 in bromine and of small positive order in water. We suggest reasonable reaction mechanisms for these processes, involving species stoicheiometrically equivalent to HBr3 and HBr5, and discuss their applicability to the second, fast phase of the scavenged reactions described in Part 1.
Failure of the inhibition of rat gastric mucosal 5‐lipoxygenase by novel acetohydroxamic acids to prevent ethanol‐induced damage (1988)

1. The role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and LTC4 as mediators of gastric mucosal damage following ethanol challenge in vivo has been investigated using two selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors, BW A4C and BW A137C. 2. Oral administration of ethanol to rats in vivo, induced macroscopic damage to the gastric mucosa and markedly increased the formation of the 5-lipoxygenase products, LTB4 and LTC4, from the mucosa ex vivo. 3. Pretreatment with the acetohydroxamic acids BW A4C and BW A137C (5-50 mg kg-1 p.o.) dose-dependently reduced ethanol-stimulated LTB4 and LTC4 formation by the gastric mucosa, with an ID50 of approximately 5 mg kg-1 p.o. 4. A single oral dose of BW A4C (20 mg kg-1) induced near-maximal inhibition of mucosal LTB4 formation within 30 min, which was well maintained for 5 h, whereas BW A137C (20 mg kg-1 p.o.) induced maximal inhibition between 30 and 60 min after administration, which then diminished over the subsequent 5 h. 5. The mucosal formation of the cyclo-oxygenase product, 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha, which was unaltered following ethanol challenge, was not inhibited by the acetohydroxamic acids. Likewise, the small increase in mucosal thromboxane B2 formation following challenge was not inhibited by BW A4C. 6. Neither BW A4C nor BW A137C, at doses that almost completely inhibited the mucosal synthesis of LTB4 or LTC4, reduced the macroscopic gastric mucosal damage induced by ethanol. 7. Pretreatment with the lipoxygenase inhibitor BW 755C (5-50 mg kg-1 p.o.) did reduce mucosal damage, but there was a dissociation between the degree of protection and the inhibition of leukotriene biosynthesis. 8. Oral administration of high doses of either BW A4C or BW A137C (300mgkg-1) did not induce macroscopic gastric damage over a 3 h period. 9. These findings suggest that the leukotrienes, LTB4 and LTC4 are not the primary mediators of ethanol-induced acute mucosal damage, but do not exclude their role in more chronic gastric damage and inflammation.
A novel jitter separation method based on Gaussian mixture model (2015)

Jitter is random variations in bit period of a digital signal. It may be regarded as single most limiting factor in high speed digital links. Separating jitter into its components and identifying their root causes help in improving phase locked loop design. Proposed methodology for separating and estimating total jitter is based on Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is used to find the maximum likelihood estimation of GMM parameter. The total jitter time series data is directly fit using the EM algorithm. The method eliminates problem of careful initial value selection for EM algorithm and automatically find the unknown number of mixing kernels using Bayesian information criterion (BIC). After finding the fitting parameter dual-Dirac Model can be used to calculate total jitter at the bit error rate (BER) level of interest.
Trend-Based Similarity Search in Time-Series Data (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel approach towards time-series similarity search. Our technique relies on trends in a curve's movement over time. A trend is characterized by a series', values channeling in a certain direction (up, down, sideways) over a given time period before changing direction. We extract trend-turning points and utilize them for computing the similarity of two series based on the slopes between their turning points. For the turning point extraction, well-known techniques from financial market analysis are applied. The method supports queries of variable lengths and is resistant to different scaling of query and candidate sequence. It supports both subsequence searching and full sequence matching. One particular focus of this work is to enable simple modeling of query patterns as well as efficient similarity score updates in case of appending new data points.