gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequent genital herpes simplex virus 2 shedding in immunocompetent women. Effect of acyclovir treatment. (1997)

Reactivation of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) occurs intermittently as perceived clinically and by viral culture. We performed a series of studies to evaluate the frequency and pattern of HSV-2 reactivation using both viral isolation and HSV PCR assay. Daily samples of genital secretions were obtained from 27 HSV-2 seropositive women; a subset of subjects obtained samples while receiving oral acyclovir 400 mg PO twice a day. HSV DNA was detected in genital swab specimens on 28% of 1,410 d compared with 8.1% of days by viral isolation. 11 of 20 women had HSV DNA detected on > 20% of days, 4 on > 50%, and 2 on > 75% of days; in contrast, none of the women shed on > 21% of days by viral isolation. The daily administration of oral acyclovir promptly reduced the frequency of HSV DNA detection by a median of 80%. Within 3-4 d of discontinuing daily acyclovir, HSV DNA again appeared in the genital area. HSV-2 shedding in the genital mucosa occurs much more frequently than previously appreciated. This frequent reactivation likely plays a role in the epidemic spread of genital herpes worldwide.
Panoscopic Silicon—A Material for “All” Length Scales (2000)

Silicon is the “veteran” semiconductor in the management of electrons. The recent quest for optoelectronic and photonic materials suggests that new architectures of silicon structured over multiple length scales may still be the optimum material for the transition from electron-based to photon-basped computers and communication systems. This Research News article is focussed on recent research accomplishments in fabrication and self-assembly methods of shaping elemental silicon over nanometer to micrometer length scales for applications in electronics, optoelectronics, and photonics.
Application Note AN2091 (2003)

Summary This Application Note discusses codec for the popular RC5-based remote control systems. The receiver codec reads remote system commands, decodes them and sends them as text messages via a RS232 interface. The transmitter receives RC5 commands from the serial interface, encodes them and sends them to the controlled equipment. The codec can be embedded into various control systems, PC program remote control, computer-based equipment control, etc.
Cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 deletion in mice triggers diastolic dysfunction, extracellular matrix response, and impaired resolution of inflammation (2015)

The mammalian circadian clock consists of multiple transcriptional regulators that coordinate biological processes in a time-of-day-dependent manner. Cardiomyocyte-specific deletion of the circadian clock component, Bmal1 (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1), leads to age-dependent dilated cardiomyopathy and decreased lifespan in mice. We investigated whether cardiomyocyte-specific Bmal1 knockout (CBK) mice display early alterations in cardiac diastolic function, extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, and inflammation modulators by investigating CBK mice and littermate controls at 8 and 28 wk of age (i.e., prior to overt systolic dysfunction). Left ventricles of CBK mice exhibited (P < 0.05): 1) progressive abnormal diastolic septal annular wall motion and reduced pulmonary venous flow only at 28 wk of age; 2) progressive worsening of fibrosis in the interstitial and endocardial regions from 8 to 28 wk of age; 3) increased (>1.5 fold) expression of collagen I and III, as well as the matrix metalloproteinases MMP-9, MMP-13, and MMP-14 at 28 wk of age; 4) increased transcript levels of neutrophil chemotaxis and leukocyte migration genes (Ccl2, Ccl8, Cxcl2, Cxcl1, Cxcr2, Il1β) with no change in Il-10 and Il-13 genes expression; and 5) decreased levels of 5-LOX, HO-1 and COX-2, enzymes indicating impaired resolution of inflammation. In conclusion, genetic disruption of the cardiomyocyte circadian clock results in diastolic dysfunction, adverse ECM remodeling, and proinflammatory gene expression profiles in the mouse heart, indicating signs of early cardiac aging in CBK mice.
The Global Need to Define Normality: The 99th Percentile Value of Cardiac Troponin (2013)

Our uniform approach to defining who is normal and who may not be normal will help to define diagnostic and risk outcomes assessments in the management of patients with suspected myocardial injury, both for use in current clinical practice and clinical research, as well as for the potential future use of cardiac troponin in primary prevention.
Location-independent information object security (2002)

Users are mobile and use multiple platforms with differing applications over time. These users have no security service applications which are independent of location or computing environment. The IOS project has developed syntax and applications which provide these services. The IOS Tools allow one or more users to apply security services to documents. The project has also investigated third-party security services and has developed an Electronic Signature Timestamp Server (ESTS) which provides the services of document registration (timestamping), validation, and non-repudiation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Role of the Pre-B Cell Receptor in B Cell Development, Repertoire Selection, and Tolerance (2018)

Around four decades ago, it had been observed that there were cell lines as well as cells in the fetal liver that expressed antibody μ heavy (μH) chains in the apparent absence of <i>bona fide</i> light chains. It was thus possible that these cells expressed another molecule(s), that assembled with μH chains. The ensuing studies led to the discovery of the pre-B cell receptor (pre-BCR), which is assembled from Ig μH and surrogate light (SL) chains, together with the signaling molecules Igα and β. It is expressed on a fraction of pro-B (pre-BI) cells and most large pre-B(II) cells, and has been implicated in IgH chain allelic exclusion and down-regulation of the recombination machinery, assessment of the expressed μH chains and shaping the IgH repertoire, transition from the pro-B to pre-B stage, pre-B cell expansion, and cessation.
Integer Programming with a Fixed Number of Variables (1983)

It is shown that the integer linear programming problem with a fixed number of variables is polynomially solvable. The proof depends on methods from geometry of numbers.
On Seeing and Depicting the Theatre in Classical Athens (1991)

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Magnetic and Electric Energy Harvesting Technologies in Power Grids: A Review (2020)

With the development of intelligent modern power systems, real-time sensing and monitoring of system operating conditions have become one of the enabling technologies. Due to their flexibility, robustness and broad serviceable scope, wireless sensor networks have become a promising candidate for achieving the condition monitoring in a power grid. In order to solve the problematic power supplies of the sensors, energy harvesting (EH) technology has attracted increasing research interest. The motivation of this paper is to investigate the profiles of harnessing the electric and magnetic fields and facilitate the further application of energy scavenging techniques in the context of power systems. In this paper, the fundamentals, current status, challenges, and future prospects of the two most applicable EH methods in the grid-magnetic field energy harvesting (MEH) and electric field energy harvesting (EEH) are reviewed. The characteristics of the magnetic field and electric field under typical scenarios in power systems is analyzed first. Then the MEH and EEH are classified and reviewed respectively according to the structural difference of energy harvesters, which have been further evaluated based on the comparison of advantages and disadvantages for the future development trend.
Defect Scaling with Contact Area in EGaIn-Based Junctions: Impact on Quality, Joule Heating, and Apparent Injection Current (2014)

Although the tunneling rates decrease exponentially with a decay coefficient β close to 1.0 nC–1 across n-alkanethiolate (SCn) monolayer based tunneling junctions determined over a multitude of test beds, the origins of the large spread of injection current densities—the hypothetical current density, J0 (in A/cm2), that flows across the junction when n = 0—of up to 12 orders of magnitude are unclear. Every type of junction contains a certain distribution of defects induced by, for example, defects in the electrode materials or impurities. This paper describes that the presence of defects in the junctions is one of the key factors that cause an increase in the observed values of J0. We controlled the number of defects in AgTS-SCn//GaOx/EGaIn junctions by varying the geometrical contact area (Ageo) of the junction. The value of J0 (∼102 A/cm2) is independent of the junction size when Ageo is small (<9.6 × 102 μm2) but increased by 3 orders of magnitude (from 102 to 105 A/cm2) when Ageo increased from 9.6 × 102 to 1.8 × 104 μm2. With increasing J0 values the yields in nonshorting junctions decreased (from 78 to 44%) and β increased (from 1.0 to 1.2 nC–1). We show that the quality of the junctions can be qualitatively determined by examining the curvature of the dJ/dV curves (defects change the sign of the curvature from positive—associated with tunneling—to negative—associated with Joule heating) and fitting the J(V) curves to the full Simmons equation to (crudely) estimate the effective separation of the top- and bottom-electrode deff. This analysis confirmed that the electrical characteristics of large junctions are dominated by thin-area defects, while small junctions are dominated by the molecular structure.
Stabilized single-frequency output from a long ring laser (1968)

A technique for obtaining high-power single-frequency output from a long ring laser is described and demonstrated. A double feedback system is discussed, which stabilizes the laser frequency with respect to the center of the atomic gain curve. Experiments are reported which demonstrate the existence of a narrow atomic-line-center discriminant. The extension of this technique to dc-excited ion lasers is discussed.
A real-time angle aware face recognition system based on artificial neural network (2011)

The increased need of person verification in daily life created a big market for biometric machine authentication tools. A few years back, fingerprint verification was done only in criminal investigation. Now finger-prints or face-images are widely used in bank tellers, airports, building entrances. Due to natural inhibition to allow finger-prints, and physical difficulties to procure it, its popularity as a biometric information can not be widely used. Face-image, on the other hand, is easy to obtain even from a distance. But its success greatly depends proper orientation and illumination of the subject's face image, compared to that taken at the registration time. Facial features heavily change with face orientation angle - leading to increased false-rejection as well as false-acceptance. Registering face images for all possible angles is almost impossible. Our motivation is to build an angle-orientation aware face recognition technique. In this work, we proposed an memory-efficient way to register (store) multiple angle face-image data, and a computational-efficient authentication technique, using multi-layer perceptron (MLP). We use angle-features as input to the MLP, and facial-image features (using PCA and ICA) as output of the MLP. Proper angle features were selected by extensive experiments. With the available face images, we could achieve a zero equal error rate (EER) could be achieved.
Deposition and Properties of Aluminum Oxide Obtained by Pyrolytic Decomposition of an Aluminum Alkoxide (1967)

Amorphous aluminum oxide films were deposited at 420°C by thermal decomposition of an aluminum alkoxide. The reducing or oxidizing atmosphere used during deposition affects the chemical and electrical properties of the oxide films. These films have shown superior characteristics when compared to films deposited by a similar process under the same conditions. The dielectric properties of these films compare favorably with anodized films. The resistance of these films to moisture makes them attractive as coatings for passivation of electron devices. The electrical properties of silicon and germanium surfaces covered with these films vary according to the deposition atmosphere.
A disease-associated PTPN22 variant promotes systemic autoimmunity in murine models (2013)

Multiple autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, Graves disease, and systemic lupus erythematosus, are associated with an allelic variant of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22), which encodes the protein LYP. To model the human disease-linked variant LYP-R620W, we generated knockin mice expressing the analogous mutation, R619W, in the murine ortholog PEST domain phosphatase (PEP). In contrast with a previous report, we found that this variant exhibits normal protein stability, but significantly alters lymphocyte function. Aged knockin mice exhibited effector T cell expansion and transitional, germinal center, and age-related B cell expansion as well as the development of autoantibodies and systemic autoimmunity. Further, PEP-R619W affected B cell selection and B lineage-restricted variant expression and was sufficient to promote autoimmunity. Consistent with these features, PEP-R619W lymphocytes were hyperresponsive to antigen-receptor engagement with a distinct profile of tyrosine-phosphorylated substrates. Thus, PEP-R619W uniquely modulates T and B cell homeostasis, leading to a loss in tolerance and autoimmunity.
Readers panel - Should staff and residents in care homes be monitored by 24-hour CCTV cameras? (2011)

Our experts consider a hot topic of the day
The presence of sialidase-sensitive sialosylgangliotetraosyl ceramide (GM1b) in stimulated murine macrophages. Deficiency of GM1b in Escherichia coli-activated macrophages from the C3H/HeJ mouse (1991)

The stimulated murine macrophage was found to contain 11 major gangliosides of which 8 were determined to be monosialylated. The thin-layer chromatographic patterns were complicated by the presence of both sialic acid and ceramide fatty acid heterogeneity. N-glycolyl and N-acetylneuraminic acid-containing species were present for each ganglioside characterized. Although C18 sphingosine was the only long chain base detected, ceramide fatty acid ranged from C16 to C24 carbon moieties. Based on gas-liquid chromatographic and antibody analyses, all major tetraosyl structure gangliosides were ganglio series types. Comprising 43 to 60% of thioglycollate-stimulated cells and 60 to 70% of Escherichia coli-activated cells, monosialosyl-gangliotetraosyl ceromides (Gm1 gangliosides) were the major monosialo species of which four were present: sialidase-resistant NeuGc-GM1a and NeuAc-GM1a and sialidase sensitive NeuGc-GM1b and NeuAc-GM1b. Analyses of thioglycollate-elicited murine peritoneal macrophage ganglioside patterns from four strains of mice, including the C3H/HeJ strain, indicated that, in the absence of any expression of a genetic defect, the pattern is conserved. However, when E. coli was used as the activating agent, the normal C3H/HeN macrophage contained little Gm1a with the sialidase-sensitive Gm1b predominant; the converse was true for the congenic endotoxin hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ strain. Therefore, C3H/HeJ mice are not defective in ganglioside metabolism per se but in the processing of an endotoxin stimulus such that one manifestation is an altered macrophage ganglioside pattern deficient in Gm1b.
Novel Equine Collagen-only Dural Substitute (2008)

This study demonstrates that the new collagen-only biomatrix is a safe and effective dural substitute for routine neurosurgical procedures. The absence of local and systemic toxicity or complications and the scarce promotion of adherences and inflammation make this material appealing for its use as a dural substitute, even in cases in which the necessity of reoperation is foreseen.
Purification and characterization of a protein kinase from Xenopus eggs highly specific for ribosomal protein S6. (1986)

In Xenopus oocytes ribosomal protein S6 becomes phosphorylated on serine residues in response to hormones or growth factors and following microinjection of the tyrosine-specific protein kinases associated with Rous sarcoma virus or Abelson murine leukemia virus. To begin characterization of the enzymes responsible for S6 phosphorylation in this system, we have undertaken the purification of S6 protein kinases from unfertilized Xenopus eggs. DEAE-Sephacel chromatography of crude extracts revealed two peaks of S6 kinase activity, and the peak eluting at 160 mM NaCl was chosen for further purification. Successive chromatography on Mono S, Sephacryl S-200, Mono Q, and heparin-Sepharose resulted in purification of the enzyme to a single protein migrating at Mr = 92,000 on polyacrylamide gels. The final preparation was purified about 500-fold from the DEAE-Sephacel peak with a recovery of 10%. Apparent Km values of the enzyme for ATP and 40 S subunits were 28 and 5 microM, respectively, and the specific activity with 330 microM ATP and 5.6 microM 40 S subunits was 300 nmol/min/mg. The enzyme was inhibited by beta-glycerophosphate, sodium fluoride, potassium phosphate, ADP, heparin, quercetin, and spermine. The availability of a purified S6 protein kinase should facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanism of S6 phosphorylation during growth stimulation.
Serverless architecture for workflow scheduling with unconstrained execution environment (2019)

Cloud computing, together with all its boons, has taken the world of computing by a storm, reaping benefits across various domains. Introduction of serverless computing, and more precisely Function-as-a-Service (FaaS), removed many orchestration and maintenance issues that system designers were facing. This inspired an emerging field of research on utilization and optimization of serverless computing. Existing body of work on this topic is, to the best of authors knowledge, focused on using serverless functions (e.g. AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions) exclusively. Such functions suffer constraints in the context of their execution environment, time or available space. In this paper we present a more general approach that improves upon existing architectures that revolve around cloud functions. By leveraging AWS Fargate technology, we propose a fully serverless and infinitely scalable architecture that is based on producer-consumer pattern and can be shaped to satisfy wide range of requirements. As worker nodes, Docker containers are used, which helps avoid aforementioned constrains. This concept is put to use in a system for acquisition of high frequency data.
Crystallization of Organic Compounds (2008)

Filled with industrial examples emphasizing the practical applications of crystallization methodologies Based on the authors' hands-on experiences as process engineers at Merck, Crystallization of Organic Compounds guides readers through the practical aspects of crystallization. It uses plenty of case studies and examples of crystallization processes, ranging from development through manufacturing scale-up. The book not only emphasizes strategies that have been proven successful, it also helps readers avoid common pitfalls that can render standard procedures unsuccessful. The goal of this text is twofold: Build a deeper understanding of the fundamental properties of crystallization as well as the impact of these properties on crystallization process development. Improve readers' problem-solving abilities by using actual industrial examples with real process constraints. Crystallization of Organic Compounds begins with detailed discussions of fundamental thermodynamic properties, nucleation and crystal growth kinetics, process dynamics, and scale-up considerations. Next, it investigates modes of operation, including cooling, evaporation, anti-solvent, and reactive crystallization. The authors conclude with special applications such as ultrasound in crystallization and computational fluid dynamics in crystallization. Most chapters feature multiple examples that guide readers step by step through the crystallization of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). With its focus on industrial applications, this book is recommended for chemical engineers and chemists who are involved with the development, scale-up, or operation of crystallization processes in the pharmaceutical and fine chemical industries.
Fiber Raman amplifiers. (1989)

Amplification characteristics of fiber Raman amplifiers are reviewed. Simultaneous Raman amplification experiments of wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical signals and a Raman amplification experiment of coherent optical signals using a 1.46 μm high-power semiconductor laser pump light source and an 80km high-Raman-gain optical fiber are described. Simultaneous amplification of WDM optical signals was demonstrated using 1.2Gbt/s and 565Mbit/s, intensity-modulated optical signals in unidirectional and bidirectional configurations with optical gains of 7dB and 6dB, respectively. No significant degradation was observed in any configuration. Raman amplification of coherent optical signals was also demonstrated through a 560Mbit/s FSK optical heterodyne transmission experiment. An optical gain of 7.5dB was obtained without any degradation. The results show that fiber Raman amplifiers can be used in WDM and coherent optical telecommunication systems.
<i>Helicobacter</i> infection alters MyD88 and Trif signalling in response to intestinal ischaemia-reperfusion (2010)

Ischaemia-reperfusion-induced intestinal injury requires both Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling through myeloid differentiation primary response gene (88) (MyD88) and complement activation. As a common Gram-negative intestinal pathogen, Helicobacter hepaticus signals through TLR4 and upregulates the complement inhibitor, decay accelerating factor (DAF; CD55). Since ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is complement dependent, we hypothesized that Helicobacter infection may alter IR-induced intestinal damage. Infection increased DAF transcription and subsequently decreased complement activation in response to IR without altering intestinal damage in wild-type mice. Ischaemia-reperfusion induced similar levels of DAF mRNA expression in uninfected wild-type, MyD88(-/-) or TIR-domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon-β (Trif)-deficient mice. However, during infection, IR-induced DAF transcription was significantly attenuated in Trif-deficient mice. Likewise, IR-induced intestinal damage, complement component 3 deposition and prostaglandin E(2) production were attenuated in Helicobacter-infected, Trif-deficient but not MyD88(-/-) mice. While infection attenuated IR-induced cytokine production in wild-type and MyD88(-/-) mice, there was no further decrease in Trif-deficient mice. These data indicate distinct roles for MyD88 and Trif in IR-induced inflammation and suggest that chronic, undetected infections, such as Helicobacter, alter the use of the adaptor proteins to induce damage.