gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Injections of Hypertonic NaCl‐Solutions into Different Parts of the Hypothalamus of Goats. (1953)

Summary. In goats intrahypothalamic injections of hypertonic NaCl‐solutions, within a region medially in the vicinity of the third ventricle, induced drinking of the animals. The most obvious effect was obtained in experiments, where the injection was performed in the middle hypothalamic region near to the para‐ventricular nucleus. Injections of iso‐ or hypotonic solutions had not this effect. Injections of hypertonic NaCl‐solution in the lateral parts of the hypothalamus and in the vicinity of the optic chiasm did not induce any drinking. In seven experiments an obviously increased diuresis together with a diminished concentration of the urine was observed 2–4 hours after the experiments had started. This polyuria was not in every case the consequence of an increased intake of water.
Inverse filtering for systems with unit circle zeroes (2005)

This paper discusses the problem of reducing distortion introduced by a known distorting filter G. The distorting filter has a symmetric unit pulse response so that no phase distortion is introduced. However the example presented in this paper involves a filter with several unit circle zeroes. These frequency domain zeroes rule out inverse filtering techniques which amount to choosing a compensation filter H(ω) with H(ω) = 1/G(ω). The problem described here arises in well logging where the system performance is evaluated in terms of step inputs. Chebychev approximation techniques are applied to find an FIR compensator so that the compensated step response has the minimum possible overshoot for a given rise time.
Power Line Communication in Motor Cables of Inverter-Fed Electric Drives (2009)

It has been shown that an inverter-fed power line is a feasible medium for the transmission of modulated information. The communication channel includes the feeder cable terminated by two loads: the motor and the inverter. This link is a suitable alternative for the sensor cabling between motors and inverters in motor control and diagnostic applications. The use of the motor power cable in the speed feedback induction motor control application and the modelling of the formed communication channel are presented and discussed in this paper.
Phase I study of pharmacological and immunological effects of human lymphoblastoid interferon given to patients with cancer. (1983)

An extensive Phase I evaluation of human lymphoblastoid interferon has been completed which, in addition to describing its clinical and pharmacological effects, emphasized a broad-scale evaluation of the immune response as a function of interferon dosage. Dose-limiting toxicity was generally due to constitutional symptoms which are remarkably similar to those produced by influenza, although transient peripheral and central neurotoxicity (including deterioration in cognitive and behavioral functions) is observed at higher doses. It is difficult to establish "clean" dose-response effects except for fever and bone marrow suppression, neither of which is a major dose limitation. Enhancement of the immune system was limited to natural killer cells which had a complex dose-response relationship, whereby low interferon concentrations were less stimulatory (than were high doses) following a single dose but gave more sustained stimulation over a 5-week course of 3 times per week i.m. administration. The effects on various measures of monocyte function and of nonspecific immunity (hypersensitivity, immunoglobulins, complement) were negative. We suspect that in practice it may be difficult to exploit the narrow dosage window of immunostimulation, but it is important to note that the nontoxic lower doses were more stimulatory than were the very high doses which are being used in numerous clinical trials.
Development of a General Surge Analysis Program Based on the FDTD Method (2001)

This paper presents the development of a general surge analysis program named VSTL (Virtual Surge Test Lab.) based on the FDTD (finite-difference time-domain) method. The FDTD method divides the space of interest into cubic cells and directly calculates the electric and magnetic fields of the cells by discretizing the Maxwell Equations of electromagnetic fields, where the derivatives with respect to time and space are replaced by a numerical difference. By use of the FDTD method, the developed program is inherently able to take into account the geometrical features of a simulated structure, unlike EMTP-type circuit-based transient programs. Thus, the program is advantageous to solve problems: (i) surge propagation on a three-dimensional skeleton structure, and (ii) surge propagation insideathree-dimensional imperfectly conducting medium such as earth soil. The method of moments (MoM) also numerically solves the Maxwell Equations, and NEC-2 is awell-known program based on MoM. Although MoM efficiently solves the problem (i), it cannot solve the problem (ii) except very simple cases, because it cannot deal with three-dimensional current distribution in the imperfectly conducting medium. On the other hand, FDTD is able to solve both the problems. One weak pointof FDTD is the treatment of a thin wire. Thus, a field correction method to accurately treat the radius of the thin wire is proposed in this paper. Starting from the description of VSTL's solution method, benchmark simulations and comparisons with experimental results are presented in this paper.
Autonomous Moving Target-Tracking for a UAV Quadcopter Based on Fuzzy-PI (2019)

Moving target-tracking is an attractive application for quadcopters and a very challenging, complicated field of research due to the complex dynamics of a quadcopter and the varying speed of the moving target with time. For this reason, various control algorithms have been developed to track a moving target using a camera. In this paper, a Fuzzy-PI controller is developed to adjust the parameters of the PI controller using the position and change of position data as input. The proposed controller is compared to a gain-scheduled PID controller instead of the typical PID controller. To verify the performance of the developed system and distinguish which one has better performance, several experiments of a quadcopter tracking a moving target are conducted under the varying speed of the moving target, indoor and outdoor and during day and night. The obtained results indicate that the proposed controller works well for tracking a moving target under different scenarios, especially during night.
Microfiber-probe-based ultrasmall interferometric sensor (2010)

We report an ultrasmall microfiber-probe-based reflective interferometer for highly sensitive liquid refractive index measurement. It has a 3.5 microm micronotch cavity fabricated by focused ion beam micromachining. A sensitivity of 110 nm/RIU (refractive index unit) in liquid is achieved with over 20 dB extinction ratio. Theoretical analysis shows this kind of device is a hybrid of Fabry-Perot and modal interferometers. In comparison with normal fiber interferometers, this probe sensor is very compact, stable, and cheap, offering great potentials for detecting inside sub-wavelength bubbles, droplets, or biocells.
Room-temperature continuous operation of <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As-GaAs quantum well heterostructure lasers grown on Si (1987)

We describe the construction and room-temperature (300 K) continuous (cw) operation of p-n diode AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs quantum well heterostructure (QWH) lasers grown on Si substrates. The QWH crystal is grown in two stages, the first part by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and the single-well quantum well active region by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Simple gain-guided stripe configuration lasers fabricated on the MBE MOCVD QWH wafer operate cw at 300 K and have pulsed thresholds as low as 1.8×103 A/cm2.
Electrostatic Interactions between Hendra Virus Matrix Proteins Are Required for Efficient Virus-Like-Particle Assembly (2018)

<i>Hendra virus</i> (HeV) is a zoonotic paramyxovirus belonging to the genus <i>Henipavirus</i> HeV is highly pathogenic, and it can cause severe neurological and respiratory illnesses in both humans and animals, with an extremely high mortality rate of up to 70%. Among the genes that HeV encodes, the matrix (M) protein forms an integral part of the virion structure and plays critical roles in coordinating viral assembly and budding. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of this process is not fully elucidated. Here, we determined the crystal structure of HeV M to 2.5-Å resolution. The dimeric structural configuration of HeV M is similar to that of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) M and is fundamental to protein stability and effective virus-like-particle (VLP) formation. Analysis of the crystal packing revealed a notable interface between the α1 and α2 helices of neighboring HeV M dimers, with key residues sharing degrees of sequence conservation among henipavirus M proteins. Structurally, a network of electrostatic interactions dominates the α1-α2 interactions, involving residues Arg57 from the α1 helix and Asp105 and Glu108 from the α2 helix. The disruption of the α1-α2 interactions using engineered charge reversal substitutions (R57E, R57D, and E108R) resulted in significant reduction or abrogation of VLP production. This phenotype was reversible with an R57E E108R mutant that was designed to partly restore salt bridge contacts. Collectively, our results define and validate previously underappreciated regions of henipavirus M proteins that are crucial for productive VLP assembly.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Hendra virus is a henipavirus associated with lethal infections in humans. It is classified as a biosafety level 4 (BSL4) agent, and there are currently no preventive or therapeutic treatments available against HeV. Vital to henipavirus pathogenesis, the structural protein M has been implicated in viral assembly and budding, as well as host-virus interactions. However, there is no structural information available for henipavirus M, and the basis of M-driven viral assembly is not fully elucidated. We demonstrate the first three-dimensional structure of a henipavirus M protein. We show the dimeric organization of HeV M as a basic unit for higher-order oligomerization. Additionally, we define key regions/residues of HeV M that are required for productive virus-like-particle formation. These findings provide the first insight into the mechanism of M-driven assembly in henipavirus.
Suitability of a new Bloom filter for numerical vectors with high dimensions (2018)

The notable increase in the size and dimensions of data have presented challenges for data storage and retrieval. The Bloom filter and its generations, due to efficient space overheads and constant query delays, have been broadly applied to querying memberships of a big data set. However, the Bloom filter and most of the variants regard each element as a 1-dimensional string and adopt multiple different string hashes to project the data. The interesting problem is when the inputs are numerical vectors with high dimensions, it remains unknown whether they can be projected into the Bloom filter in their original format. Furthermore, we investigate whether the projection is random and uniform. To address these problems, this paper presents a new uniform Prime-HD-BKDERhash family and a new Bloom filter (P-HDBF) to retrieve the membership of a big data set with the numerical high dimensions. Since the randomness and uniformity of data mapping determines the performance of the Bloom filter, to verify these properties, we first introduce information entropy. Our theoretical and experimental results show that the P-HDBF can randomly and uniformly map the data in their native formats. Moreover, the P-HDBF provides an efficient solution alternative to implement membership search with space-time overheads. This advantage may be suitable for engineering applications that are resource-constrained or identification of the nuances of the graphics and images.
Approximate fault-tree analysis without cut sets (2003)

It is shown that a rather efficient approximate fault tree analysis is possible on the basis of the Shannon decomposition. The main advantages are: (1) no preprocessing is necessary to determine all the mincuts; (2) the maximum error can be prespecified; and (3) noncoherent systems and systems with dependent component states can be treated. The main disadvantage is the fact that the cutting off of certain subtrees of the decomposition tree (for upper bound results) may need some trial and error test calculations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved Assert in PIM-SM (2005)

In [PIM-SM], assert procedures are triggered by data-plane interaction
with the control-plane when traffic arrives on an outgoing interface.
There are several disadvantages with this in that duplicate traffic is
forwarded downstream until an assert winner is elected and seen by all
routers on the LAN; such dependence on the data-plane to build
control-plane state does not scale well. When [PIM-SM] is used to
setup P2MP LSP trees as in [SURESH-P2MP], it is not always possible to
determine if traffic arrived on an outbound interface . This draft
proposes mechanisms to trigger assert completely in the control plane
by reacting to Joins sent to another router on a LAN. These procedures
are essential when it is not possible to determine if traffic arrived
on an outbound interface. It also helps completely remove the
dependency on data-plane to trigger asserts and eliminates duplicate
traffic resulting from assert scenarios.
Real-Time Measurement of IGBT's Operating Temperature (2011)

Temperature management and control are among the most critical functions in power electronic devices. Knowledge of power semiconductor's operating temperature is important for circuit design, as well as for converter control. Virtual junction temperature measurement or estimation is not an easy task, therefore designing the appropriate circuitry for virtual junction temperature in the real operating conditions not affecting regular circuit operation is a demanding task for engineers. The proposed method enables virtual junction temperature estimation based on the real-time measurement of semiconductor's quasi-threshold voltage using dedicated modified gate driver circuit.
A method for fast time-domain simulation of networks with switches (1994)

A method for fast time-domain simulation of piecewise-linear networks with switches is described in this paper. The method is based on a discrete-time switch model that consists of a constant conductance in parallel with a current source. In each simulation step, the value of the current source is updated as a function of known network signals. The function takes one of two forms, depending on the state (on or off) of the switch. Since the system matrix is constant, regardless of the states of the switches, simulation time is essentially the same as for a linear, time-invariant network of the same complexity. The paper discusses selection of the model and simulation parameters. The simulation algorithm is described and an example is included. It is shown that the method is not only efficient but also quite general and void of convergence problems. Its primary application is for long-term transient simulation of power electronic systems such as switching power converters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification of Rice Hulls as a Source of Solar Grade Silicon for Solar Cells (1982)

Rice hulls, a by‐product of rice refining, naturally contain both silica and carbon compounds. The metallic impurity content of these hulls can be greatly decreased by appropriate leaching techniques, making the purified material suitable as a source of upgraded metallurgical silicon. The impurity level in the hulls after leaching, and after appropriate coking, is described, as well as techniques for adjusting the carbon to silica ratio in the coked materials.
A general path-based representation for predicting program properties (2018)

Predicting program properties such as names or expression types has a wide range of applications. It can ease the task of programming, and increase programmer productivity. A major challenge when learning from programs is how to represent programs in a way that facilitates effective learning . We present a general path-based representation for learning from programs. Our representation is purely syntactic and extracted automatically. The main idea is to represent a program using paths in its abstract syntax tree (AST). This allows a learning model to leverage the structured nature of code rather than treating it as a flat sequence of tokens. We show that this representation is general and can: (i) cover different prediction tasks, (ii) drive different learning algorithms (for both generative and discriminative models), and (iii) work across different programming languages. We evaluate our approach on the tasks of predicting variable names, method names, and full types. We use our representation to drive both CRF-based and word2vec-based learning, for programs of four languages: JavaScript, Java, Python and C#. Our evaluation shows that our approach obtains better results than task-specific handcrafted representations across different tasks and programming languages.
Adsorption and Photoactivity of Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) on Nanoparticulate TiO<sub>2</sub> (2000)

Tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) adsorbs strongly onto nanoparticulate TiO2 and serves as an efficient photosensitizer for solar-energy conversion by TCPP-sensitized TiO2 electrodes. Nanoparticulate TiO2 electrodes were prepared from Degussa P25 TiO2 powder in the standard manner for a Grätzel cell. Adsorption studies of TCPP onto these sintered TiO2 electrodes gave a saturation surface coverage of 47 μmol/g. Adsorption studies of TCPP onto colloidal dispersions of Degussa P25 in ethanol gave a saturation surface coverage of 77 μmol/g. The difference between the saturation coverages is attributed to the reduction of the available surface area in the TiO2 films after sintering, from 55 m2/g as a free colloid to about 34 m2/g as a sintered electrode. The nature of the binding of TCPP onto the TiO2 electrodes was investigated using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy (RRS). In the XPS spectra of TiO2 with adsorbed TCPP, the O (1s) and Ti (2p3/2) peaks of TiO2 were shifted to a higher binding energy value, by about 0.3 eV, and the O (1s) and N (1s) peaks of TCPP were shifted to a higher binding energy, by about 0.7 eV. Upon adsorption of TCPP, one of the Ti (2p3/2) peaks of TiO2 disappeared, suggesting complexation and removal of surface states. The RRS results indicated that for cases in which TCPP was adsorbed onto TiO2 films from ethanolic solutions of about 1 μM concentration, the porphyrin spectrum showed distinctive interactions with the surface, but for cases in which it was adsorbed from higher concentrations, the RRS spectra were similar to spectra of TCPP powder, indicating the dominance of porphyrin−porphyrin interactions. We conclude that lateral interactions between adsorbed TCPP are significant upon adsorption from all but the lowest (micromolar) initial concentrations. Photovoltaic cells with TCPP-sensitized TiO2 electrodes gave good solar-energy conversion efficiencies. At light simulating one sun (AM 1.5), a cell sensitized by TCPP gives a short-circuit photocurrent of about 6 mA/cm2 and an open-circuit photopotential of 485 mV. The incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency was 55% at the Soret peak and 25−45% at the Q-band peaks; the cells have a fill factor of 60−70% and an overall energy conversion efficiency of about 3%.
Inclined Homeotropic Alignment by Irradiation of Unpolarized UV Light (1997)

Inclined homeotropic alignment was realized by irradiation of unpolarized ultraviolet light on a polyimide film that originally exhibited homeotropic alignment. Unpolarized UV light was irradiated from an oblique direction (45-degree inclined angle) once. The liquid crystal cell with a pair of inclined homeotropic aligned substrates and nematic liquid crystal with negative dielectric anisotropy exhibits a high contrast ratio (over 1000) with a crossed Nicols configuration and a bright transmittance (same as a TN cell, around 35%).
Effect of the addition of wood flours on the properties of rigid polyurethane foam (2009)

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate an appropriate process to fabricate the wood‐polyurethane hybrid composites [wood‐polyurethane foam (PUF)]. Rigid PUFs that contain up to 20% wood flours were successfully fabricated from polymeric 4,4‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polyols, silicone surfactant, dibutin dilaurate/dimethylethanolamine catalysts, and distilled water (chemical blowing agent). The effects of hydroxyl value of polyols, wood flour particle size, wood flour content, isocyanate index, and water amount on the compressive property of foam were investigated. The morphology of the cell was observed with a scanning electron microscope. Wood‐PUF with different densities were prepared at different water contents in the wood flours. The relationship between the compressive property and density was established following the Power law. The incorporation of wood flour improved the compressive property of PUF, whereas its tensile and flexural properties were reduced. The thermal stability of the PUF was improved with the addition of wood flour. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Cost optimization of virtual infrastructures in dynamic multi‐cloud scenarios (2012)

Summary The number of providers in the cloud computing market is increasing at a rapid pace. They offer a wide range of pricing schemes, different types of instance, or even different value‐added features to differ from other competitors, making the cloud market more complex. Cloud brokering enable users to choose the best cloud provider for their needs and avoid particular providers' lock in. Moreover, the use of multiple clouds offers several benefits such as scalability of services, improvement in fault tolerance, or cost reduction. However, users still find difficult the decision of where to deploy their resources as they have to handle too much information. The use of cloud brokering mechanisms is useful to reduce the complexity of using a multi‐cloud environment. In this paper, we show a cloud broker architecture for deploying virtualized servers across available clouds. This architecture uses a scheduling module to obtain an optimal placement of a virtual infrastructure while making it transparent for users. We focus our investigation on dynamic cloud scenarios in terms of variable resource prices, taking into account the virtual machine migration overhead issue. We evaluate the performance of several use cases applied in real scenarios, and we show the improvement potential of using brokering mechanisms in dynamic deployments compared with static ones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a community-based enriched model prenatal intervention project in the District of Columbia. (1996)

The Better Babies Project did not have an effect on the overall low- and very low birthweight rates in the study census tracts. This was probably due to the low participation rates and the high population mobility.
Resistance Strain Gauge Arches for Direct Measurement of Heart Contractile Force in Animals. (1953)

SummaryA strain gauge arch has been described which measures heart force changes in fully conscious, chronically operated dogs. Enclosure of the electrical component in a metal casing prevents insulation breakdown in body fluids.