gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune, Growth and Carcass Responses of Ram Lambs to Active Immunization against Desulfated Cholecystokinin (CCK-8) (1989)

This study explored feed intake and carcass responses to active immunization against desulfated cholecystokinin-octapeptide (CCK-8) in ram lambs. Antibody titers 8 wk following primary immunization and booster immunizations given at 4 and 6 wk averaged greater than 1:1,000. Titers increased to greater than 1:10,000 by 16 wk following a final booster immunization at 11 wk. The antibodies developed against desulfated CCK-8 exhibited 29% and 13% cross-reactivities for sulfated CCK-8 and gastrin-17, respectively. Immunization against desulfated CCK-8 had no effect on feed intake, ADG, carcass weight or carcass quality grade. Backfat thickness and carcass yield grade were reduced (P less than .05) by immunization. Organ weights at slaughter, including those of the pancreas and small intestines, were not affected by CCK-8 immunization, with the exception of the lungs, which were 16% lighter (P less than .01) in immunized lambs. In conclusion, active immunization against desulfated CCK-8 resulted in development of high antibody titers against desulfated and sulfated CCK-8. Immunization against CCK-8 decreased fat content of the carcass but failed to affect feed intake, carcass weight or ADG.
Low-surface-energy polystyrene (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-surface-energy polystyreneJens Hopken and Martin MollerCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 5, 1461–1467Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00031a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00031a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1158Altmetric-Citations128LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative analysis of nucleotide modulation of DNA binding by DnaC protein of Escherichia coli (2004)

In this study, we have presented the first report of Escherichia coli DnaC protein binding to ssDNA (single stranded DNA) in an apparent hexameric form. DnaC protein transfers DnaB helicase onto a nascent chromosomal DNA replication fork at oriC, the origin of E. coli DNA replication. In eukaryotes, Cdc6 protein may play a similar role in the DNA helicase loading in the replication fork during replication initiation at the origin. We have analysed the DNA-binding properties of DnaC protein and a quantitative analysis of the nucleotide regulation of DnaC-DNA and DnaC-DnaB interactions using fluorescence anisotropy and affinity sensor analysis. DnaC protein bound to ssDNA with low to moderate affinity and the affinity was strictly modulated by nucleotides. DnaC bound ssDNA in the complete absence of nucleotides. The DNA-binding affinity was significantly increased in the presence of ATP, but not ATP[S]. In the presence of ADP, the binding affinity decreased approximately fifty-fold. Both anisotropy and biosensor analyses demonstrated that with DnaC protein, ATP facilitated ssDNA binding, whereas ADP facilitated its dissociation from ssDNA, which is a characteristic of an ATP/ADP switch. Both ssDNA and nucleotides modulate DnaB6*DnaC6 complex formation, which has significant implications in DnaC protein function. Based on the thermodynamic data provided in this study, we have proposed a mechanism of DnaB loading on to ssDNA by DnaC protein.
Efficacy and toxicity of a virus-directed enzyme prodrug therapy purging method: preclinical assessment and application to bone marrow samples from neuroblastoma patients. (2002)

Autologous stem cell transplantation is used to rescue cancer patients from myelosuppression caused by high-dose chemotherapy. However, autologous grafts often contain tumor cells that can contribute directly to relapse. Current purging methods are useful when fewer than 1% tumor cells contaminate the bone marrow, and patients with tumor burdens of >1% are considered ineligible for chemotherapy that necessitates stem cell rescue. Using neuroblastoma (NB) as a model system, we developed a method that is effective even with tumor burdens of 10-25%. Mixtures of NB-1691 NB cells and CD34(+) hematopoietic cells purged by this method showed no evidence of viable tumor cells as assessed by clonogenic assays or reverse transcription-PCR for the NB cell markers tyrosine hydroxylase and N-MYC. The efficacy and lack of toxicity of the method were verified using in vivo mouse models. Severe combined immunodeficient mice that received purged cell preparations containing 10% NB-1691 cells survived without evidence of disease for the observation period (>1 year), whereas mice that received unpurged cells developed disseminated disease requiring euthanasia 73-96 days after injection of cells. No evidence of toxicity to the mice was detected by numerous laboratory values for bone marrow, liver, and kidney function, and no difference was seen in the ability of purged cell mixtures versus unmanipulated CD34(+) cells to reconstitute the marrow of non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient mice. In a pilot study, marrow was obtained from eight patients who had >/=1% metastatic tumor burden. All eight samples were purged to the level of detection by reverse transcription-PCR (samples from seven patients) or clonogenic potential (sample from one patient), whichever assay was used. The described adenovirus/rabbit carboxylesterase/CPT-11 (irinotecan, 7-ethyl-10[4-(1-piperidino)-1-piperidino]carbonyloxycamptothecin) virus-directed enzyme prodrug method may be useful for patients whose tumor burdens exceed 1% at the time of stem cell harvest. Assessment of purging efficacy with additional samples from NB patients is ongoing.
Acid Reactions of Lignin Models of β-5 Type (1999)

Summary Refluxing of trans –2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ]furan with dioxane-water (9 : 1) in the presence of various acid catalysts led to the formation of 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)- 7-methoxy-3-methylbenzo[ b ]furan, the trans and cis forms of 2-hydroxy-3,3′4′-trimethoxystilbene and cis –2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[ b ]furan. The proportions of the products were strongly dependent on the particular acid used as catalyst. HCl and to a greater extent HBr favored the formation of the 2-arylbenzofuran (phenylcoumarone) while the trans -stilbene derivative predominated in reaction products from the experiments with trifluoromethane sulfonic acid as the catalyst. Isomerization of the starting material occurred, regardless of the nature of the catalyst (small amounts of the cis -isomer formed). The number of phenylpropane units in spruce lignin attached to an adjacent unit by a β−5 linkage was estimated to be 6–9% on the basis of 1 H NMR spectrometric measurements of the formation of phenylcoumarone structures on refluxing of milled wood lignin from spruce with 0.1M HBr in dioxane-water (9 : 1).
Induction of hTERT Expression and Telomerase Activity by Estrogens in Human Ovary Epithelium Cells (2000)

In mammals, molecular mechanisms and factors involved in the tight regulation of telomerase expression and activity are still largely undefined. In this study, we provide evidence for a role of estrogens and their receptors in the transcriptional regulation of hTERT, the catalytic subunit of human telomerase and, consequently, in the activation of the enzyme. Through a computer analysis of the hTERT 5'-flanking sequences, we identified a putative estrogen response element (ERE) which was capable of binding in vitro human estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). In vivo DNA footprinting revealed specific modifications of the ERE region in ERalpha-positive but not ERalpha-negative cells upon treatment with 17beta-estradiol (E2), indicative of estrogen-dependent chromatin remodelling. In the presence of E2, transient expression of ERalpha but not ERbeta remarkably increased hTERT promoter activity, and mutation of the ERE significantly reduced this effect. No telomerase activity was detected in human ovary epithelial cells grown in the absence of E2, but the addition of the hormone induced the enzyme within 3 h of treatment. The expression of hTERT mRNA and protein was induced in parallel with enzymatic activity. This prompt estrogen modulation of telomerase activity substantiates estrogen-dependent transcriptional regulation of the hTERT gene. The identification of hTERT as a target of estrogens represents a novel finding which advances the understanding of telomerase regulation in hormone-dependent cells and has implications for a potential role of hormones in their senescence and malignant conversion.
Ground-roll suppression using the wavelet transform (1997)

Abstract Low-frequency, high-amplitude ground roll is an old problem in land-based seismic field records. Current processing techniques aimed at ground-roll suppression, such as frequency filtering, f-k filtering, and f-k filtering with time-offset windowing, use the Fourier transform, a technique that assumes that the basic seismic signal is stationary. A new alternative to the Fourier transform is the wavelet transform, which decomposes a function using basis functions that, unlike the Fourier transform, have finite extent in both frequency and time. Application of a filter based on the wavelet transform to land seismic shot records suppresses ground roll in a time-frequency sense; unlike the Fourier filter, this filter does not assume that the signal is stationary. The wavelet transform technique also allows more effective time-frequency analysis and filtering than current processing techniques and can be implemented using an algorithm as computationally efficient as the fast Fourier transform. This new filtering technique leads to the improvement of shot records and considerably improves the final stack quality.
Islanding phenomenon elimination study at Rokko test center (2002)

When a certain part of the utility grid, with a substantial number of interconnected PVs, gets cut off from the grid, islanding phenomenon may occur. There are two ways to suppress the islanding phenomenon, one of them is performed on the utility side, the other one on the PV side. On the utility side the reactor insertion method and the capacitor insertion method are advocated. The islanding phenomenon suppression characteristics of these two methods are compared in tests. Further, it is proved that the process, leading to the suppression of islanding phenomena, can be described in general power supply theory.
Aliphatic Phenylene Vinylene Copolymers: Tuning the Color of Luminescence through Co-monomer Feed Ratios (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAliphatic Phenylene Vinylene Copolymers: Tuning the Color of Luminescence through Co-monomer Feed RatiosM. Hay and F. L. KlavetterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 27, 7112–7118Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00132a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00132a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views388Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
High field strength in a large volume: the intrinsic reverberation chamber (2002)

An intrinsic reverberation chamber with nonparallel walls, ceiling not parallel to the floor, at most two walls placed perpendicular and with fixed field diffusers is presented. Inside this room no eigenmodes exist and a diffuse, statistically uniform field is created without the use of a mechanical mode stirrer. As a result, test time can be reduced drastically compared to mode stirred reverberation chambers.
Peri-collisional extension and the formation of Oman-type ophiolites in the Banda arc and Brooks Range (1992)

Abstract Integration of data from field, geochemistry, and radiometric age investigations of the active Banda arc—Australia collision zone (Banda orogen) and the Jurassic Brooks Range ophiolite provide new constraints for the origin and emplacement of Oman-type ophiolites. These ophiolites are characterized by ultramafic residuals and mafic products that are chemically modified by various degrees of partial melting. The internal structure of the igneous complexes document acute extensional strains. A high temperature metamorphic sole with some continental margin protoliths are locally preserved at the structural base of the massifs. Age relations between the ophiolites, their metamorphic sole, and collisional mountains in which they reside indicate important temporal and spatial associations. Some of these relations are inconsistent with ophiolite genesis in intra-oceanic settings. Formation of the Savu and Weber basins around the active Banda orogen provide modern analogues of peri-collision extensional processes. These extensional domains are transitional between zones of active supra-subduction zone magmatism (ophiolite genesis) and low-angle overthrusting (ophiolite emplacement). Geochemical data from the volcanic basement of the Savu basin are similar to ‘transitional-type’ ophiolite volcanic suites. Ar/Ar ages, and stratigraphic and structural data from the basin indicate volcanism and forearc extension coincide in time and space with initial collision between promontories of the NW Australian passive margin and the Java trench, suggesting a link between the two processes. Similar age and stratigraphic relations are also documented in the Brooks Range and other Oman-type ophiolites. Peri-collisional extension opens small SSZ ocean basins that may be obducted during or shortly after they form by progressive convergence at multi-plate boundaries. These processes provide a self-perpetuating mechanism for ophiolite genesis and emplacement that accounts for both the similar and diverse aspects of many ophiolites.
A Case Study (2013)

Dual-process theories of higher order cognition (DPTs) have been enjoying much success, particularly since Kahneman's 2002 Nobel prize address and recent book Thinking, Fast and Slow (2009). Historically, DPTs have attempted to provide a conceptual framework that helps classify and predict differences in patterns of behavior found under some circumstances and not others in a host of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making tasks. As evidence has changed and techniques for examining behavior have moved on, so too have DPTs. Killing two birds with one stone, Evans and Stanovich (2013, this issue) respond to five main criticisms of DPTs. Along with addressing each criticism in turn, they set out to clarify the essential defining characteristics that distinguish one form of higher order cognition from the other. The aim of this commentary is to consider the defining characteristics of Type 1 and Type 2 processing that have been proposed and to suggest that the evidence can be taken to support quantitative differences rather than qualitatively distinct processes.
Beziehungen zwischen Oberflächenaktivität und spasmolytischer Wirkung (1949)

Abstract Es wurde die spasmolytische Wirkung tertiärer Amine ohne funktionelle Gruppen mit der Oberflächenspannung der 1‐proz. Lösung der Hydrochloride verglichen. Dabei wurde gefunden, dass die maximale Wirkung auf den durch Acetylcholin bzw. Bariumchlorid gesetzten Krampf bei denjenigen Aminen auftritt, deren 1‐proz. Lösung eine Oberflächenspannung von 40–45 Dyn/cm aufweist. Ausgenommen von dieser Regel werden Verbindungen, die infolge zu geringer Beständigkeit gegen Verseifung und Oxydation im Organismus zu rasch gespalten werden. Atropin ist offenbar ein Spasmolyticum, dessen Wirkungsmechanismus grundlegend verschieden ist.
183-W, M^2 = 24 Yb:YAG Q-switched laser (1999)

We have fabricated a diode-array end-pumped Yb:YAG rod laser with output powers greater than 200 W cw and 195 W Q -switched at 5 kHz. At an output power of 183 W and a repetition rate of 5 kHz, the beam quality was measured to be M(2)=2.4 . The laser design incorporates a hollow lens duct to concentrate the diode pump light for delivery to the end of the laser rod while maintaining access to the laser beam. This configuration provides increased flexibility for the resonator design and permits the use of birefringence compensation in the cavity to yield polarized output with increased efficiency. Using the recently described birefringence compensation method of Clarkson et al. [in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (Optical Society of America, Washington, D.C., 1998), paper CTuI3], we obtained 112 W of cw power with a polarized beam of M(2)=3.2.
Imbricate Scales as a Design Construct for Microsystem Technologies (2011)

Spatially overlapping plates in tiled configurations represent designs that are observed widely in nature (e.g., fish and snake scales) and man-made systems (e.g., shingled roofs) alike. This imbricate architecture offers fault-tolerant, multifunctional capabilities, in layouts that can provide mechanical flexibility even with full, 100% areal coverages of rigid plates. Here, the realization of such designs in microsystems technologies is presented, using a manufacturing approach that exploits strategies for deterministic materials assembly based on advanced forms of transfer printing. The architectures include heterogeneous combinations of silicon, photonic, and plasmonic scales, in imbricate layouts, anchored at their centers or edges to underlying substrates, ranging from elastomer sheets to silicon wafers. Analytical and computational mechanics modeling reveal distributions of stress and strain induced by deformation, and provide some useful design rules and scaling laws.
Optimization of enzymatic hydrolysis of cassava to obtain fermentable sugars (2012)

This work evaluates the enzymatic hydrolysis of starch from cassava using pectinase, α-amylase, and amyloglucosidase. A central composite rotational design (CCRD) was carried out to evaluate the effects of amyloglucosidase, pectinase, reaction time, and solid to liquid ratio. All the experiments were carried out in a bioreactor with working volume of 2 L. Approximately 98% efficiency hydrolysis was obtained, resulting in a concentration of total reducing sugar released of 160 g/L. It was concluded that pectinase improved the hydrolysis of starch from cassava. Reaction time was found to be significant until 7 h of reaction. A solid to liquid ratio of 1.0 was considered suitable for hydrolysis of starch from cassava. Amyloglucosidase was a significant variable in the process: after its addition to the reaction media, a 30%-50% increase in the amount of total reducing sugar released was observed. At optimal conditions the maximum productivity obtained was 22.9 g/(L·h).
Local Amplification of Platelet Function by 8-Epi Prostaglandin F2α Is Not Mediated by Thromboxane Receptor Isoforms (1996)

8-epi-Prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha may be formed by cyclooxygenases 1 and 2 or by a free radical catalyzed process as an isoprostane. Concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha in the range 1 nM to 1 microM induce a dose-dependent increase in platelet shape change, in calcium release from intracellular stores [Ca2+]iand in inositol phosphates; it also causes irreversible platelet aggregation, dependent on thromboxane generation, when incubated with subthreshold concentrations of ADP, thrombin, collagen, and arachidonic acid. Much higher concentrations of 8-epi-PGF2alpha (10-20 microM) alone induce weak, reversible aggregation. Although these effects are prevented by pharmacological thromboxane receptor antagonists, they are unlikely to be mediated by thromboxane receptors. Thus, 8-epi-PGF2alpha does not compete for binding at the stably expressed placental or endothelial isoforms of the thromboxane receptor or for binding of thromboxane ligands to human platelets. Furthermore, the response to 8-epi PGF2alpha exhibits structural specificity versus 8-epi PGF3alpha and PGF2alpha. Concentrations in the range that evoke its effects on platelets do not desensitize the aggregation response stimulated by thromboxane or PGH2 analogs. Unlike primary prostaglandins, which are rapidly metabolized to inactive products, 8-epi PGF2alpha circulates in plasma. However, the systemic concentrations found in healthy volunteers (median 48 pmol/liter) and in patients with hepatic cirrhosis (median 147 pmol/liter), a syndrome of oxidant stress in vivo, fall well below those which modulate platelet function. 8-Epi PGF2alpha may amplify the response to platelet agonists in syndromes where oxidant stress and platelet activation coincide. Despite blockade by thromboxane antagonists, 8-epi PGF2alpha does not activate either of the thromboxane receptor isoforms described in platelets. Activation of a distinct receptor would be consistent with the enzymatic formation of 8-epi PGF2alpha by cyclooxygenases. However, incidental activation of such a receptor by systemic concentrations of 8-epi PGF2alpha is unlikely to occur, even in syndromes of excessive free radical generation in vivo.