gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intramolecular cyclizations leading to bridgehead bicyclics. 3. 5,5-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin derivatives (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular cyclizations leading to bridgehead bicyclics. 3. 5,5-Diphenyl-2-thiohydantoin derivativesKatsuhide Okada, James A. Kelley, and John S. DriscollCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 15, 2594–2597Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00435a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00435a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grammatical abstraction and incremental syntax analysis in a language-based editor (1988)

Processors for programming languages and other formal languages typically use a concrete syntax to describe the user's view of a program and an abstract syntax to represent language structures internally. Grammatical abstraction is defined as a relationship between two context-free grammars. It formalizes the notion of one syntax being “more abstract” than another. Two variants of abstraction are presented. Weak grammatical abstraction supports (i) the construction during LR parsing of an internal representation that is closely related to the abstract syntax and (ii) incremental LR parsing using that internal representation as its base. Strong grammatical abstraction tightens the correspondence so that top-down construction of incrementally-parsable internal representations is possible. These results arise from an investigation into language-based editing systems, but apply to any program that transforms a linguistic object from a representation in its concrete syntax to a representation in its abstract syntax or vice versa.
Virtual-address caches. Part 1: problems and solutions in uniprocessors (1997)

This survey exposes the problems related to virtual caches in the context of uniprocessor (Part 1) and multiprocessor (Part 2) systems. We review proposed solutions that have been implemented or proposed in different contexts. The idea is to catalog all solutions, past and present, and to identify technology trends and attractive future approaches. We first overview the relevant properties of virtual memory and of physical caches. To solve the virtual-to-physical address bottle-neck, processors may access caches directly with virtual addresses. This survey introduces the problems and discusses solutions in the context of single-processor systems.
Harmonic blue light generation in periodically poled bulk near-stoichiometric MgO:LiNbO <sub>3</sub> (2005)

A periodically poled structure with 6.95 µm period and 10 mm interaction length was fabricated in a 1 mm-thick 1.8 mol% MgO doped near-stoichiometric LiNbO3 (MgSLN) by using a multi-pulse poling technique. Blue SHG characteristics of this periodically poled MgSLN were investigated, in comparison with a periodically poled 5 mol% MgO doped congruent LiNbO3.
Transdermal Iontophoresis of Insulin (2004)

The delivery of large peptides through the skin poses a significant challenge, and various strategies are under active investigation for enhancing the transdermal permeation. For large peptides, it is difficult to achieve significant permeation using iontophoresis alone. Hence a combination of fatty acids with iontophoresis was hypothesized to result in higher enhancement than achieved with either of them alone. Saturated fatty acids and cis unsaturated fatty acids were studied in combination with iontophoresis using excised rat skin. The skin was pretreated for 2 h with an ethanolic (EtOH) solution of 5% w/v or v/v fatty acids, namely lauric acid (LA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LOA) and linolenic acid (LLA), followed by either passive or iontophoretic permeation (0.5 mA/cm2 for 6 h). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used to investigate the biophysical changes on treatment with fatty acid/EtOH or neat fatty acid, mainly focusing on the infrared region at 2,920, 1,710 and 1,720 cm(-1). Unsaturated fatty acids showed higher enhancement than LA, and the enhancement increased with the number of double bonds. On the other hand, in the presence of iontophoresis, LA/EtOH showed the highest enhancement. Neat LOA did not show any significant difference (p > 0.05) compared to the LOA/EtOH combination. FT-IR studies revealed that fatty acids act by interacting with the skin lipids. All the fatty acids showed synergistic enhancement when combined with iontophoresis. The flux enhancement was highest with LA, which in the presence of iontophoresis showed 20 times enhancement of insulin flux in comparison to passive flux and 9 times enhancement as compared to iontophoresis alone. Flux enhancement of unsaturated fatty acids was in the following decreasing order LOA > OA > LLA.
High-Temperature Thermoelectric Properties of Na<sub>x</sub>CoO<sub>2-δ</sub> Single Crystals (2001)

We measure the high-temperature thermoelectric properties of the Na x CoO 2-δ single crystal for the first time. The Na x CoO 2-δ single crystals are prepared by a flux technique, and the resulting flaky single crystals are very thin on the c -axis. The in-plane electrical resistivity (ρ), the thermoelectric power ( S ) and the in-plane thermal conductivity (κ) are measured in the range of 300 K to 800 K. The estimated power factor ( PF = S 2 ·ρ -1 ) and the figure-of-merit ( Z = S 2 ·ρ -1 κ -1 ) are about 2.4 mW m -1 K -2 and 0.12 mK -1 at 300 K, respectively. These factors increase with temperature, and reach the value of PF =7.7 mW m -1 K -2 and Z =1.5 mK -1 at 800 K, and the dimensionless value of Z T exceeds the criterion of 1. The PF and Z exceed the values of typical “high-temperature thermoelectric materials”, such as p-type FeSi 2 and Si 0.7 Ge 0.3 . These results suggest that Na x CoO 2-δ could be a very promising material for use in high-temperature thermoelectric power generation devices.
Spectral control of viscous alignment for deformation invariant image matching (2009)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Proteome-wide selected reaction monitoring assays for the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes (2012)

Selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (SRM-MS) is a targeted proteomics technology used to identify and quantify proteins with high sensitivity, specificity and high reproducibility. Execution of SRM-MS relies on protein-specific SRM assays, a set of experimental parameters that requires considerable effort to develop. Here we present a proteome-wide SRM assay repository for the gram-positive human pathogen group A Streptococcus. Using a multi-layered approach we generated SRM assays for 10,412 distinct group A Streptococcus peptides followed by extensive testing of the selected reaction monitoring assays in >200 different group A Streptococcus protein pools. Based on the number of SRM assay observations we created a rule-based selected reaction monitoring assay-scoring model to select the most suitable assays per protein for a given cellular compartment and bacterial state. The resource described here represents an important tool for deciphering the group A Streptococcus proteome using selected reaction monitoring and we anticipate that concepts described here can be extended to other pathogens.
Effect of Herbicides on Plant Diseases (1977)

Although pesticides are applied to plants and soils to control plant parasites and weeds, they may also affect soil properties, microorganisms, and hosts. These effects normally have little influence on plant growth and generally prove beneficial. Occa­ sionally, however, they cause a temporary reduction in plant growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that under specialized sets of conditions certain pesticides can predispose plants to increased disease. It is important to ascertain the effect of each new pesticide on the chemical and biological properties of soils. Also important are factors influencing the persistence and decomposition of pesticides in the soil and the overall effects on soil microorgan­ isms. If we understand these factors, pesticides can be used wisely and need not render soils infertile, plants inedible, or reduce yields, as a result of excessive accumulation of toxic residues or detrimental side effects. The pesticides used in 1972 (680 million kg in the United States alone) represented a wide diversity of chemicals varying in chemical, physical, and toxicological prop­ erties as well as persistence, degradability, and a range of other properties. More than 400 chemicals involving about 40,000 commercial products are currently registered by the US Department of Agriculture and are available for use by farmers
[Studies on extraction process of Fructus Schisandrae chinensis and Fructus Ligustri lucidi in gandening tablet]. (2004)

The extraction method is steady and feasible, which can be used for reference for the extraction process of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis and Fructus Ligustri Lucidi.
An Introductory Tutorial for Developing Multiuser Virtual Environments (1994)

This paper is an introductory level tutorial describing how to implement a distributed multiparticipant virtual environment (VE). This tutorial is intended for students who are competent programmers and who now wish to implement a distributed multiparticipant application. We describe the fundamental concepts of distributed computing for multiplayer simulations and provide a concrete example, including C source code available via the Internet. The template program demonstrates a simple multiplayer, distributed application, where each player controls the position of a space ship, and communicates the ship's position data over the network. The template uses broadcast communication and a technique called dead-reckoning to improve performance. We give detailed instructions on how to obtain and modify the template, so that students can quickly create their own distributed applications. We conclude by briefly discussing advanced issues that are important when constructing more sophisticated multiparticipant VEs.
Spatial integration of direct band-to-band tunneling currents in general device structures (1992)

A simplified integration technique for direct band-to-band tunneling current calculation in semiconductor devices of 1- or 2-D general device structures is described. The integration, along part of the depletion region, is of a tunneling generation function which depends on the local electric field. The simplified integration scheme relies on Kane's parabolic shaped gap barrier which accurately applies to such narrow-bandgap semiconductors as InSb and Hg/sub 1-x/Cd/sub x/Te. Tunneling current and zero bias resistance calculations in 1-D Hg/sub 1-x/Cd/sub x/Te p-n junctions using the proposed technique are presented. The extension of the technique to 2-D potential structures is demonstrated by modeling peripheral surface tunneling currents. The results compare well with measured reverse breakdown currents of InSb gate-controlled diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MicroRNA-30c Mimic Mitigates Hypercholesterolemia and Atherosclerosis in Mice (2016)

High plasma cholesterol levels are a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Plasma cholesterol can be reduced by inhibiting lipoprotein production; however, this is associated with steatosis. Previously we showed that lentivirally mediated hepatic expression of microRNA-30c (miR-30c) reduced hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis in mice without causing hepatosteatosis. Because viral therapy would be formidable, we examined whether a miR-30c mimic can be used to mitigate hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis without inducing steatosis. Delivery of a miR-30c mimic to the liver diminished diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in C57BL/6J mice. Reductions in plasma cholesterol levels were significantly correlated with increases in hepatic miR-30c levels. Long term dose escalation studies showed that miR-30c mimic caused sustained reductions in plasma cholesterol with no obvious side effects. Furthermore, miR-30c mimic significantly reduced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in Apoe(-/-) mice. Mechanistic studies showed that miR-30c mimic had no effect on LDL clearance but reduced lipoprotein production by down-regulating microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression. MiR-30c had no effect on fatty acid oxidation but reduced lipid synthesis. Additionally, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that miR-30c mimic significantly down-regulated hepatic lipid synthesis pathways. Therefore, miR-30c lowers plasma cholesterol and mitigates atherosclerosis by reducing microsomal triglyceride transfer protein expression and lipoprotein production and avoids steatosis by diminishing lipid syntheses. It mitigates atherosclerosis most likely by reducing lipoprotein production and plasma cholesterol. These findings establish that increasing hepatic miR-30c levels is a viable treatment option for reducing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Bayesian Rose Trees (2012)

Hierarchical structure is ubiquitous in data across many domains. There are many hierarchical clustering methods, frequently used by domain experts, which strive to discover this structure. However, most of these methods limit discoverable hierarchies to those with binary branching structure. This limitation, while computationally convenient, is often undesirable. In this paper we explore a Bayesian hierarchical clustering algorithm that can produce trees with arbitrary branching structure at each node, known as rose trees. We interpret these trees as mixtures over partitions of a data set, and use a computationally efficient, greedy agglomerative algorithm to find the rose trees which have high marginal likelihood given the data. Lastly, we perform experiments which demonstrate that rose trees are better models of data than the typical binary trees returned by other hierarchical clustering algorithms.
Whole Genome Sequencing Solved Our Family’s Genetic Mystery: Titin (2015)

Twelve personal narratives address the challenges, benefits, and pitfalls of genetic testing. Three commentary articles explore these stories and suggest lessons that can be learned from them. The commentators come from backgrounds that include bioethics, public health, psychology, and philosophy.
Phase error bounds of fiber gyro with polarization-holding fiber (1986)

Phase error bounds for a fiber gyro with an imperfect polarizer are calculated assuming a broad-band source and high-birefringence fiber. The phase error and resulting zero-point drift is related to the polarization-holding parameter <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</tex> of the fiber. Comparison of the theory with recent experimentally observed bias drift is made.
Fourth Rank Immobile Nucleic Acid Junctions (1983)

An immobile nucleic acid junction composed of four dodecanucleotides has been designed according to principles of minimum symmetry aided by equilibrium calculations, and has been synthesized by automated phosphotriester techniques. We can demonstrate its tetrameric character and its 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry by gel electrophoresis. Thermal denaturation monitored by ultraviolet hyperchromism indicates that the complex is stable relative to its component arms. High resolution NMR spectroscopy suggests that this junction exists in more than one conformer at room temperature. The data from this junction are compared with the data from a similar junction composed of four hexadecanucleotides.
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Inhibition of Isozymes I, II and IV with<i>N</i>-Hydroxysulfonamides - A Novel Class of Intraocular Pressure Lowering Agents (1998)

A series of N-hydroxy sulfonamides has been prepared by reaction of alkyl-, arylalkyl- and arylsulfonyl halides or sulfonic acid anhydrides with hydroxylamine. Structurally related inhibitors were also obtained from acyl chlorides and hydroxylamine, as well as by reaction of tosyl isocyanate with hydroxylamine, sulfamic acid and sulfamide. Inhibition of three carbonic anhydrase (CA) isozymes, hCA I, hCA II and bCA IV (h = human; b = bovine) with the prepared compounds has been investigated. Good inhibitors, as well as compounds with moderate activity against these isozymes were detected, depending on the R group to which the SO2NHOH or CONHOH moieties were attached. Susceptibility to inhibition was generally: hCA II > bCA IV >> hCA I. Some of the new inhibitors showed very good antiglaucoma action when administered directly into the eye in experimental animals, acting as more efficient intraocular pressure lowering agents as compared to the clinical drug dorzolamide. This constitutes an encouraging result for obtaining novel antiglaucoma drugs from this class of CA inhibitors.
Performance-complexity analysis in hardware-software codesign for real-time systems (1995)

The paper presents an approach for performance and complexity analysis of hardware/software implementations for real-time systems on every stage of the partitioning. There are two main features of the approach. The first one is the rapid performance-complexity estimations for software based on the set of introduced stochastic characteristics. The second one is the systematic exploration of the codesign space that enables to determine the partition process direction. These properties allow the renovation of the code-segment candidate list for hardware implementation during the partitioning with internal representation transformations, and the significant design space reduction.
Delmopinol interactions with cell walls of gram‐negative and gram‐positive oral bacteria (1995)

The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of delmopinol hydrochloride on the cell surface morphology of gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial cells by using transmission electron microscopy. A second purpose was to evaluate the extraction of cell wall material caused by delmopinol and the binding of radiolabelled delmopinol to the various strains. Fresh isolates and type strains of gram-negative rods associated with periodontal disease, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, and strains of the gram-positive streptococci Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus salivarius, were exposed to 3.2 mM (0.1%) or 6.4 mM (0.2%) delmopinol hydrochloride from 1 to 90 min. For electron microscopy the cells were fixed and negatively contrast-stained. Treatment with 6.4 mM delmopinol for 1 min resulted in marked ultrastructural changes of cell wall components and the outer cell membrane of the 3 gram-negative species compared with control cells, whereas the gram-positive streptococci treated with delmopinol showed little or no morphologic alteration as compared with untreated cells. The result from the electron microscopy was confirmed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of proteins released from bacterial cells treated as for electron microscopy. More material was extracted from the gram-negative rods than from the gram-positive cocci. Significantly more delmopinol bound to the gram-negative rods than to the streptococci. It appears that the amphiphilic properties of delmopinol make gram-negative rods more vulnerable to delmopinol than gram-positive streptococci.
Low Doses of Radiation Increase the Latency of Spontaneous Lymphomas and Spinal Osteosarcomas in Cancer-Prone, Radiation-Sensitive<i>Trp53</i>Heterozygous Mice (2003)

Mice heterozygous for Trp53 are radiation-sensitive and cancer-prone, spontaneously developing a variety of cancer types. Osteosarcomas in the spine lead to paralysis, while lymphomas lead rapidly to death, distinct events that provide objective measures of latency. The effects of a single low-dose (10 or 100 mGy), low-dose-rate (0.5 mGy/min) (60)Co gamma irradiation on lymphoma or spinal osteosarcoma frequency and latency, defined as time of death or of onset of paralysis, respectively, were examined. Compared to spontaneous lymphomas or to spinal osteosarcomas leading to paralysis in unexposed mice, an exposure of 7-8-week-old Trp53(+/-) mice to 10 or 100 mGy had no significant effect on tumor frequency, indicating no effect on tumor initiation. All tumors are therefore assumed to be of spontaneous origin. However, a 10-mGy exposure reduced the risk of both lymphomas and spinal osteosarcomas by significantly increasing tumor latency, indicating that the main in vivo effect of a low-dose exposure is a reduction in the rate at which spontaneously initiated cells progress to malignancy. The effect of this adaptive response persisted for the entire life span of all the animals that developed these tumors. Exposure to 100 mGy delayed lymphoma latency longer than the 10-mGy exposure. However, the 100-mGy dose increased spinal osteosarcoma risk by decreasing overall latency compared to unexposed control mice. That result suggested that this higher dose was in a transition zone between reduced and increased risk, but that the dose at which the transition occurs varies with the tumor type.
Adaptive frame layer rate control for H.264 (2003)

This paper proposes an adaptive frame layer rate control scheme for H.264 by introducing a linear model to predict the mean absolute difference (MAD) of current frame by that of previous one. The target bit rate for each frame is computed by adopting a fluid flow traffic model and linear tracking theory. The corresponding quantization parameter is computed by using a quadratic rate-distortion model. The rate distortion optimization (RDO) is then performed for all macroblocks (MBs) in the current frame by the quantization parameter. Both constant bit rate (CBR) and variable bit rate (VBR) cases are studied. The average PSNR is improved up to 0.75 dB compared to an encoder with fixed quantization parameter.