gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pile-cap Connection Behavior Dependent on the Connecting Method between PHC pile and Footing (2016)

말뚝머리-확대기초 접합부는 상부구조물의 하중을 말뚝으로 전달하는 연결부분으로서 부재의 단면과 강성의 급격히 변화하는 부위이기 때문에 응력이 집중되고 작용하는 휨모멘트와 전단력이 큰 취약부분이다. 이 연구에서는 제작조건에 따른 PHC말뚝 및 합성 PHC말뚝과 확대기초 접합부의 구조성능을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 반복가력 하중 조건하에서의 균열패턴, 하중-변위관계, 연성비, 초기 회전강성 및 에너지소산 특성을 각각 평가하였다. 접합부 초기 회전강성은 확대기초 내부로 삽입되는 말뚝삽입 깊이와 축방향철근 배근위치에 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 접합부 강도, 연성비 및 누적 에너지소산 등의 접합부 거동은 말뚝의 종류와 축방향 철근 배근 위치에 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. The pile-cap connection part which transfers foundation loads through pile body is critical element regarding flexural and shear force because the change of area, stress, and stiffness occurs in the this region suddenly. The purpose of this study is to investigate the structural behavior of pile-cap connection dependent on fabrication methods using conventional PHC pile and composite PHC pile. A series of test under cyclic lateral load was performed and the connection behavior was discussed. From the test results, it was found that the initial rotational stiffness of pile-cap connection was affected by the length of pile-head inserted in footing and the location of longitudinal reinforcing bars. The types of pile and location of longitudinal reinforcing bars governed the behavior of pile-cap connection regarding load-carrying capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation.
Identification of cytoskeleton-associated proteins in isolated rat liver endosomes (1997)

The polypeptides of three highly purified endosomal fractions isolated from the livers of oestradiol-treated rats were analysed by Western blotting, and the amount and distribution of intrinsic and cytoskeletal-associated proteins were quantified and studied. The 'late' endosomes [multivesicular bodies (MVBs)] had the lowest content of cytoskeletal-associated proteins, the most significant being the presence of 25% of the total dynein found in endosomes. The 'early' endosome [compartment of uncoupling receptors and ligands (CURL)] fraction contained kinesin (40% of the total in endosomes), dynein (23%), actin (15%) and tubulin (10%). The receptor-recycling compartment (RRC), also demonstrated to be involved in transcytosis, contained the largest number and enrichment of cytoskeletal proteins: actin (84% of the total in endosomes), alpha-actinin (90%), dynein (52%), tubulin (91%) and kinesin (45%). We also analysed and compared the presence of different endosomal markers such as Rab4, Rab5 and cellubrevin (vesicle soluble NSF attachment protein receptor) in CURL (41%, 15% and 60%) and in RRC (44%, 75% and 30% respectively). Finally, the expression of annexins I, II, IV and VI was studied: annexin I was equally distributed between MVBs and CURL; annexin II was highly enriched in RRC (95%), annexin IV was equally distributed between CURL and RRC, and annexin VI was enriched in CURL (57%). The results indicate that isolated rat liver endosomes contain all the required molecular machinery for the achievement of their role in intracellular trafficking.
Aunt Carrie (1997)

He did not know—or did not wish—to strike the machine or to curse his fate. He could only grimace and mutter as he walked away. The mindless glow of the machine pierced the Kentucky dusk with its insistent message: "It's the Real Thing!" As he led his family back to the simple, productive fields, he knew better. —Edwin Broadhead Aunt Carrie My Aunt Carrie, she tore into the house, And she cried, "Lonie!"—that's Mama— Cried, "Lonie, we've got to do something about Pa, Pa's gone crazy"—that's Grandpa— "Pa's gone crazy and paid three thousand dollars For the abandoned Roanoke railroad station. He's lost his mind, squandering our inheritance, Throwing away everything coming to us. We've got to have him declared senile, With a court-appointed guardian." When Grandpa sold the old station Three weeks later for nine thousand, Tripling his money, That was the last we heard Of Grandpa going crazy and needing a guardian And throwing away the money coming to us. The day he dies. Not a word. —James Still 27 ...
Ultrahigh-speed non-invasive widefield angiography (2012)

Retinal and choroidal vascular imaging is an important diagnostic benefit for ocular diseases such as age-related macular degeneration. The current gold standard for vessel visualization is fluorescence angiography. We present a potential non-invasive alternative to image blood vessels based on functional Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). For OCT to compete with the field of view and resolution of angiography while maintaining motion artifacts to a minimum, ultrahigh-speed imaging has to be introduced. We employ Fourier domain mode locking swept source technology that offers high quality imaging at an A-scan rate of up to 1.68 MHz. We present retinal angiogram over ∼48 deg acquired in a few seconds in a single recording without the need of image stitching. OCT at 1060 nm allows for high penetration in the choroid and efficient separate characterization of the retinal and choroidal vascularization.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (2009)

Partial table of contents: The Functional Neuroanatomy of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (P. Sawchenko, et al.). Second Messenger Regulation of mRNA for Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (J. Majzoub, et al.). Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Its Binding Protein in Human Plasma (P. Lowry). Expression of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor mRNA in Response to Stress (S. Lightman & M. Harbuz). Mechanisms Mediating the Effects of Cytokines on Neuroendocrine Functions in the Rat (C. Rivier & S. Rivest). Peripheral Anti-Inflammatory Actions of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (E. Wei, et al.). The Role of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Behavioral Responses to Stress (G. Koob, et al.). Indexes.
Glycophosphosphingolipid (GSPL) Purification Protocol (2012)

Glycosylated ceramide phosphorylinositol are present in many species of fungi and mushrooms and bacteria and parasitic organisms like leishmania. These are usually membrane raft associated and are not easily extracted by conventional methodologies. This extraction method gives higher yield of the glycolipid. Glycosphingolipids are usually associated with the detergent resistance membrane rafts. They are difficult to be extracted by neutral solvents from rigid promastigote cell wall with neutral or less polar solvents. For more polar phospholipids, more polar solvents are essential. Ammonia is used to extract phosphatidylinositols., 糖基化的神经酰胺磷酰肌醇存在于许多真菌和蘑菇以及细菌和寄生生物如利什曼原虫中。 这些通常是膜筏相关的并且不容易通过常规方法提取。 该提取方法提供更高的糖脂产量。 糖鞘脂通常与洗涤剂抗性膜筏相关。 它们难以用中性溶剂从具有中性或较低极性溶剂的刚性前鞭毛细胞壁中提取。 对于极性较强的磷脂，极性较大的溶剂是必需的。 氨用于提取磷脂酰肌醇。
An evaluation of the tumour endothelial marker <scp>CLEC14A</scp> as a therapeutic target in solid tumours (2020)

Earlier studies identified the transmembrane cell surface C-type lectin CLEC14A as a putative tumour endothelial marker. For CLEC14A to progress as a vascular target in solid tumours an in-depth analysis of CLEC14A expression in human healthy and tumour tissue is needed. It is here shown that an analysis of 5332 RNA expression profiles in the public domain confirmed high expression of CLEC14A in tumour compared to healthy human tissue. It is further shown by immunohistochemistry that CLEC14A protein is absent, or expressed at a very low level, in healthy human and primate tissue. In contrast, CLEC14A is expressed on the vasculature of a range of human solid tumours, with particularly high expression in more than half of renal cell carcinomas. Elevated levels of CLEC14A transcripts were identified in some non-cancer pathologies; such comorbidities may need to be excluded from trials of therapies targeting this marker. It is further shown that, as CLEC14A expression can be induced by the absence of shear stress, it is imperative that freshly collected as opposed to aged or post-mortem tissue be analysed. We conclude that CLEC14A is a promising target to enable development of novel anti-cancer therapies for solid tumours.
Human-centered robotics applied to gait training and assessment (2006)

Robot-aided gait training can increase the duration and number of training sessions while reducing the number of therapists required for each patient. However, current automated gait trainers do not adapt their movement to the patient's muscular efforts and passive musculoskeletal properties. Furthermore, robot-aided training without therapists lacks the feedback required for patient assessment. In this article, we present results from the literature and our research to provide an overview of novel human-centered strategies for robot behaviors that are patient-cooperative and support motor-function assessment. Combining robot-aided training with robot-aided assessment will likely make future gait therapy easier, more comfortable, and more efficient. Broad clinical testing is still required for proving this assumption.
Sensorless Control of Linear Tubular Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors Using Pulsating Signal Injection (2008)

Direct drives with linear permanent magnet synchronous motors (LPMSMs) are recently attracting the attention of both industry and academia. On the one hand such electric drives permit to reduce size and increase reliability thanks to the lack of mechanical reduction and transmission devices. On the other hand precision positioning requires linear position sensing with a measuring range (and size) equal to the motor allowed travel. It is clear the advantage of sensorless control in such applications in terms of reduced hardware complexity, cost and maintenance requirements. This paper presents a position sensorless control scheme based on high frequency signal injection. A pulsating voltage is superimposed to the control voltage along the estimated d-axis direction. Then a novel demodulation procedure implemented in stationary coordinates is proposed to extract position information. The procedure has a reduced computational cost if compared to the alternatives already proposed in the related literature and requires no tuning effort. A demonstration of the algorithm convergence valid in transient conditions, and a novel method to measure the high frequency motor impedance are also presented. The proposed approach is well suited for motors with reduced magnetic saliency such as tubular LPMSM. The above considerations are validated by extensive experiments.
Group formation in large social networks (2006)

The processes by which communities come together, attract new members, and develop over time is a central research issue in the social sciences - political movements, professional organizations, and religious denominations all provide fundamental examples of such communities. In the digital domain, on-line groups are becoming increasingly prominent due to the growth of community and social networking sites such as MySpace and LiveJournal. However, the challenge of collecting and analyzing large-scale time-resolved data on social groups and communities has left most basic questions about the evolution of such groups largely unresolved: what are the structural features that influence whether individuals will join communities, which communities will grow rapidly, and how do the overlaps among pairs of communities change over time.Here we address these questions using two large sources of data: friendship links and community membership on LiveJournal, and co-authorship and conference publications in DBLP. Both of these datasets provide explicit user-defined communities, where conferences serve as proxies for communities in DBLP. We study how the evolution of these communities relates to properties such as the structure of the underlying social networks. We find that the propensity of individuals to join communities, and of communities to grow rapidly, depends in subtle ways on the underlying network structure. For example, the tendency of an individual to join a community is influenced not just by the number of friends he or she has within the community, but also crucially by how those friends are connected to one another. We use decision-tree techniques to identify the most significant structural determinants of these properties. We also develop a novel methodology for measuring movement of individuals between communities, and show how such movements are closely aligned with changes in the topics of interest within the communities.
A Marginalized Particle Filter approach to an integrated INS/TAP system (2008)

Accurate and reliable navigation systems will become increasingly important in future aircraft applications, in particular within unmanned aerial vehicle systems. This paper describes a particle filter approach of integrating an Inertial navigation system (INS) with a terrain-aided positioning system (TAP) to achieve such a system. The integrated system is realized applying a marginalized particle filter (MPF) where the highly nonlinear TAP is designed tightly with the INS using one and the same filter. In order to better estimate the multi-modal errors in the altitude measurements, a first order Generalized Pseudo-Bayesian (GPB1) filter is used for this purpose. This will also reduce the number of particles in the MPF and therefore also reduce the computational workload. The performance of the algorithm has been evaluated using recorded flight data from the Saab Gripen fighter aircraft. Compared to an existing INS/TAP system based on a suboptimal integration of a point mass filter representing TAP and a single extended Kalman filter estimating the INS errors, the MPF approach is similar in performance but shows better results on convergence times when recovering after loss of data.
Symmetric Orthogonal Tensor Decomposition is Trivial (2015)

We consider the problem of decomposing a real-valued symmetric tensor as the sum of outer products of real-valued, pairwise orthogonal vectors. Such decompositions do not generally exist, but we show that some symmetric tensor decomposition problems can be converted to orthogonal problems following the whitening procedure proposed by Anandkumar et al. (2012). If an orthogonal decomposition of an $m$-way $n$-dimensional symmetric tensor exists, we propose a novel method to compute it that reduces to an $n \times n$ symmetric matrix eigenproblem. We provide numerical results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.
4D lung tumor segmentation via shape prior and motion cues (2016)

Lung tumor segmentation is important for therapy in the radiation treatment of patients with thoracic malignancies. In this paper, we describe a 4D image segmentation method based on graph-cuts optimization, shape prior and optical flow. Due to small size, the location, and low contrast between the tumor and the surrounding tissue, tumor segmentation in 3D+t is challenging. We performed 4D lung tumor segmentation in 5 patients, and in each case compared the results with the expert-delineated lung nodules. In each case, 4D image segmentation took approximately ten minutes on a PC with AMD Phenom II and 32GB of memory for segmenting tumor in five phases of lung CT data.
A Full Diversity Full Rate 4-Antenna Alamouti Code (2006)

4-antenna Alamouti code has been regarded as an effective transmit diversity scheme in existing and/or upcoming wireless communication systems for its simplicity and its compatibility with orthogonal 2-antenna Alamouti code. In this paper, an improved 4-antenna Alamouti code is presented. The new code can achieve full diversity through constellation rotation, thus it outperforms the original 4-antenna Alamouti code significantly. In addition, the optimal receiver for the new code can decouple the ML decoder of four symbols into two ML decoders of two symbols, leading to low decoding complexity. This paper also presents simulation and analysis results demonstrating the advantages of the improved 4-antenna Alamouti code
Mathematical Analysis of First Metatarsal Osteotomies (1989)

The mathematical analysis of most first metatarsal osteotomy corrections for metatarsus primus varus is presented and interpreted with respect to metatarsal lengthening or shortening and changes in clinical reference angles (e.g., intermetatarsal or angle of declination). The critical parameters for each osteotomy such as location and angles of cuts and amount of displacement are defined and their theoretical effects on the final correction determined. Although exactitude in surgical methodology and an absolute prediction of final clinical results are impossible at the present time, even guidelines as to the potential effectiveness of various surgical techniques and quantitative methods for subsequent evaluation are lacking. This mathematical analysis can provide guidelines for prospective choices and a basis for retrospective interpretation as well as represent a critical component for biomechanical calculations.
Ultrafast fluorescence upconversion technique and its applications to proteins (2014)

The basic principles and main characteristics of the ultrafast time-resolved fluorescence upconversion technique (conventional and space-resolved), including requirements for nonlinear crystals, mixing spectral bandwidth, acceptance angle, etc., are presented. Applications to flavoproteins [wild-type (WT) FMN-binding protein and its W32Y, W32A, E13R, E13K, E13Q and E13T mutants] and photoresponsive proteins [WT photoactive yellow protein and its R52Q mutant in solution and as single crystals] are demonstrated. For flavoproteins, investigations elucidating the effects of ionic charges on ultrafast electron transfer (ET) dynamics are summarized. It is shown that replacement of the ionic amino acid Glu13 and the resulting modification of the electrostatic charge distribution in the protein chromphore-binding pocket substantially alters the ultrafast fluorescence quenching dynamics and ET rate in FMN-binding protein. It is concluded that, together with donor-acceptor distances, electrostatic interactions between ionic photoproducts and other ionic groups in the proteins are important factors influencing the ET rates. In WT photoactive yellow protein and the R52Q mutant, ultrafast photoisomerization dynamics of the chromophore (deprotonated trans-p-coumaric acid) in liquid and crystal phases are investigated. It is shown that the primary dynamics in solution and single-crystal phases are quite similar; hence, the photocycle dynamics and structural differences observed at longer time scales arise mostly from the structural restraints imposed by the crystal lattice rigidity versus the flexibility in solution.
Antinociception induced by electrical stimulation of spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons in the A7 catecholamine cell group of the rat (1992)

Recent anatomical evidence indicates that the pontine A7 catecholamine cell group provides the major noradrenergic innervation of the spinal cord dorsal horn (laminae I-IV). The experiments described in this report were designed to determine if these neurons modulate nociception at the level of the spinal cord. To this end, the antinociceptive effect of electrical stimulation applied at various sites along several tracks through the dorsolateral pontine tegmentum was determined in lightly anesthetized rats. The latency of the withdrawal response of the hind feet to noxious radiant thermal stimulation applied to the dorsal surface was used as a measure of nociception. The results indicated that the most potent and consistent antinociception was produced at sites near the A7 cell group. In addition, intrathecal injection of alpha-noradrenergic antagonists blocked the antinociception produced by electrical stimulation at sites near the A7 group. These observations indicate that the antinociception produced by stimulation near the A7 cell group was mediated by spinally projecting noradrenergic neurons. The results of these experiments provide evidence that pontospinal noradrenergic neurons located in the A7 cell group are important components of the descending neuronal system that modulates nociception.
Quantified Analysis of Cortical Granule Distribution and Exocytosis of Porcine Oocytes during Meiotic Maturation and Activation1 (1997)

Polyspermy is one of the unresolved problems that exist regarding pig oocytes matured and inseminated in vitro. Quantitative study of the changes in the cortical granule (CG) population in oocytes is essential for understanding the mechanism of how oocytes block polyspermic penetration and for developing the optimum conditions for in vitro maturation (IVM) and in vitro fertilization (IVF). The present study was conducted to quantify the CG distribution in pig oocytes during IVM and IVF by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin with laser confocal microscopy. The results indicate that CGs are distributed in the cortex cytoplasm of oocytes at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage with a mean number of 33.8 +/- 7.3 CGs/100 microm2 of cortex. As nuclear maturation proceeded to metaphase I and metaphase II, CGs migrated to the cortex and formed a continuous monolayer under the oolemma. No distinct CG-free domain was observed in oocytes during maturation. The migration of CGs to the cortex continued during maturation, with an increased CG density after the GV stage. All oocytes penetrated by spermatozoa were activated and released CGs from ooplasm with an average residual number of 3.5 +/- 4.6 CGs/100 microm2 of cortex at 18 h after insemination. Complete CG exocytosis was observed in 45% of oocytes. Calcium ionophore did not induce oocyte nuclear activation, but CGs were released from oocytes with an average of 7.1 +/- 4.5 CGs/100 microm2 of cortex still present when examined 18 h after treatment. An electrical pulse induced 89% of nuclear activation in matured oocytes, and CG exocytosis was observed only in nuclear-activated oocytes with an average residual number of 6.4 +/- 9.4 CGs/100 microm2 of cortex. Complete CG exocytosis was induced by ionophore and electrical pulse in 10% and 25% of the oocytes, respectively. These results indicate that CGs migrate to the cortex in pig oocytes during IVM and that the matured oocytes obtained under these maturation conditions possess the ability to release CGs upon sperm penetration, ionophore treatment, and electrical pulse. However, a functional block to polyspermic penetration in oocytes after CG exocytosis was not fully established in these studies. The present methods and results provide the approach for further investigation of the reasons for polyspermy in pig oocytes matured and inseminated in vitro.
Glide-Symmetric Fully Metallic Luneburg Lens for 5G Communications at K<roman>a</roman>-Band (2018)

Here, we propose a fully metallic implementation of a Luneburg lens operating at Ka-band with potential use for 5G communications. The lens is implemented with a parallel plate that is loaded with glide-symmetric holes. These holes are employed to produce the required equivalent refractive index profile of a Lune-burg lens. Glide symmetry and inner metallic pins are employed to increase the equivalent refractive index. The lens is fed with rectangular waveguides designed to match the height of the parallel plate, and it is ended with a flare to minimize the reflections.