gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Foot Trajectory in Human Locomotion: Role of Ground Contact Forces in Simulated Reduced Gravity (2002)

We studied the changes of vertical contact forces, lower limb kinematics, and electromyographic activity (EMG) at different speeds and gravitational loads. To this end healthy subjects were asked to walk on a motorized treadmill while the percentage of body weight unloaded (body weight support, BWS) was modified in steps by means of a well-characterized unloading system. BWS was set at 0, 35, 50, 75, 95, or 100% of body weight. Walking speed was 0.7, 1.1, 2, 3, or 5 km/h. We found that changing BWS between 0 and 95% resulted in drastic changes of kinetic parameters but in limited changes of the kinematic coordination. In particular, the peak vertical contact forces decreased proportionally to BWS; at 95%-BWS they were 20-fold smaller than at 0% and were applied at the forefoot only. Also, there were considerable changes of the amplitude of EMG activity of all tested lower limb muscles and a complex re-organization of the pattern of activity of thigh muscles. By contrast, the corresponding variation of the parameters that describe shape and variability of the foot path was very limited, always <30% of the corresponding values at 0 BWS. Moreover, the planar co-variation of the elevation angles was obeyed at all speed and BWS values. Minimum variance of limb trajectory occurred at 3 km/h. At 100% BWS, subjects stepped in the air, their feet oscillating back and forth just above but never contacting the treadmill. In this case, step-to-step variability of foot path was much greater than at all other BWS levels but was restored to lower values when minimal surrogate contact forces were provided during the "stance" phase. The results did not depend on the specific instruction given to the subject. Therefore we conclude that minimal contact forces are sufficient for accurate foot trajectory control.
Synthesis and Characterization of Linear Cerium(IV) Schiff-Base Coordination Polymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of Linear Cerium(IV) Schiff-Base Coordination PolymersHuiyong Chen, Jon A. Cronin, and Ronald D. ArcherCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8, 2174–2180Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00086a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00086a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views644Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polyelectrolytes prepared from perfluoroalkylaryl macromolecules (1968)

Abstract The synthesis of a new generation of high‐capacity oxidation‐resistant ion‐exchange resins and membranes is described which are sulfonic acid polyelectrolytes prepared from high molecular weight poly‐α,β,β‐trifluorostyrene. The difficult sulfonation of poly‐α,β,β‐trifluorostyrene is discussed in terms of the finding that this sulfonation must be effected upon an aromatic ring possessing a meta ‐directing substituent group. The oxidative stability of these new types of perfluoroalkyl aromatic sulfonic acid polyelectrolytes is both demonstrated and described with comparisons to their polystyrenesulfonic acid homologs. The difference in their oxidation–depolymerization stabilities is described in terms of benzylic carbon substituents.
Comparative vaccination of cattle against <i>Boophilus microplus</i> with recombinant antigen Bm86 alone or in combination with recombinant Bm91 (1996)

Cattle were vaccinated either with a single recombinant tick antigen, Bm86 or with a combination of two recombinant antigens, Bm86 and Bm91 from the tick Boophilus microplus. In three experiments, the responses of cattle to subsequent challenge with the tick were assessed. The addition of the Bm91 antigen enhanced the efficacy of the vaccination over that with Bm86 alone to a statistically significant degree. Moreover, co-vaccination with two antigens did not impair the response of cattle to the Bm86 antigen. Finally, responses of individual cattle to the two antigens were independent. All of these results may be relevant to the increase in efficacy expected from a dual antigen vaccine.
Molecules of Interest Stevioside (2003)

Stevioside is a natural sweetener extracted from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) Bertoni. The literature about Stevia, the occurrence of its sweeteners, their biosynthetic pathway and toxicological aspects are discussed. Injection experiments or perfusion experiments of organs are considered as not relevant for the use of Stevia or stevioside as food, and therefore these studies are not included in this review. The metabolism of stevioside is discussed in relation with the possible formation of steviol. Di!erent mutagenicity studies as well as studies on carcinogenicity are discussed. Acute and subacute toxicity studies revealed a very low toxicity of Stevia and stevioside. Fertility and teratogenicity studies are discussed as well as the e!ects on the bio-availability of other nutrients in the diet. The conclusion is that Stevia and stevioside are safe when used as a sweetener. It is suited for both diabetics, and PKU patients, as well as for obese persons intending to lose weight by avoiding sugar supplements in the diet. No allergic reactions to it seem to exist. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Fostering Volunteerism: A Course in Managerial Communication and Ethics (1999)

Abstract This article addresses how students' sense of responsibility and awareness about ethical issues can be fostered by service learning. The author provides a discussion of a graduate class in organizational communication that was designed to enhance students' personal communication skills and increase their understanding of how organizations function within their communities.
Thinking in circuits: toward neurobiological explanation in cognitive neuroscience (2014)

Cognitive theory has decomposed human mental abilities into cognitive (sub) systems, and cognitive neuroscience succeeded in disclosing a host of relationships between cognitive systems and specific structures of the human brain. However, an explanation of why specific functions are located in specific brain loci had still been missing, along with a neurobiological model that makes concrete the neuronal circuits that carry thoughts and meaning. Brain theory, in particular the Hebb-inspired neurocybernetic proposals by Braitenberg, now offers an avenue toward explaining brain-mind relationships and to spell out cognition in terms of neuron circuits in a neuromechanistic sense. Central to this endeavor is the theoretical construct of an elementary functional neuronal unit above the level of individual neurons and below that of whole brain areas and systems: the distributed neuronal assembly (DNA) or thought circuit (TC). It is shown that DNA/TC theory of cognition offers an integrated explanatory perspective on brain mechanisms of perception, action, language, attention, memory, decision and conceptual thought. We argue that DNAs carry all of these functions and that their inner structure (e.g., core and halo subcomponents), and their functional activation dynamics (e.g., ignition and reverberation processes) answer crucial localist questions, such as why memory and decisions draw on prefrontal areas although memory formation is normally driven by information in the senses and in the motor system. We suggest that the ability of building DNAs/TCs spread out over different cortical areas is the key mechanism for a range of specifically human sensorimotor, linguistic and conceptual capacities and that the cell assembly mechanism of overlap reduction is crucial for differentiating a vocabulary of actions, symbols and concepts.
A Highly Stable Charge-Control Agent Based on an Al-Complex with Salicylic Acid Derivatives Used for Full Color Toners (2009)

An Al-complex with salicylic acid derivatives as ligands (commercial product E-88 from Orient Chemical Industries) is a typical commercial charge-control agent (CCA). At present, E-88 is widely used for full color toners, since it is colorless. However, E-88 possesses a relatively low and broad decomposition range between 130 and 170° C. For this reason, an attempt has been made in the present study to improve the thermal stability by investigating a new polymorph that possesses a higher thermal stability. Trial was then made to grow crystals by recrystallization from solution in various solvents. Among these, dimethylsulfoxide gave a hexanuclear Al-complex (molecular weight: 3310) that exhibits an extraordinarily high decomposition temperature of 270° C. In addition, this compound is found to exhibit excellent charge-control performance. Furthermore, the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity of E-88 has also been studied in connection with our previously proposed charge-control mechanism of CCAs.
Polymer outdoor insulating materials. II. Material considerations (1997)

The following article is Part II of a three-part series on the use of polymer insulating materials in outdoor insulation applications. Despite three decades of service history, polymer insulation materials do not have the same level of standardization as porcelain. As with any technology that is not well standardized, misunderstanding and confusion result, which can influence user selection and application. The objective of this series is to review the benefits of polymer insulating materials. Part II discusses the factors that affect the engineering of materials and addresses the validity of some industry perceptions. A future article will explore some of the material science aspects of silicone elastomer materials by using the case of a hybrid insulator design.
A cathode assembly for feeding powders into the plasma of expanded d.c. arcs (1969)

The cathode assembly is designed for use with the rotating wall, d.c.-arc plasma furnace. Powders are entrained with recirculated gases above the arc root in this device so that the momentum of powder suspensions and magnetofluidmechanical forces can act together to cause powders to penetrate the plasma of expanded d.c. arcs. The powder feed port is encircled by a single tungsten electrode which is shielded to a great extent from chemically reactive gases in the furnace. This assembly has been used to feed many types of powder into the plasma of expanded d.c. arc columns where they may be vaporized. It overcomes almost completely the limitations of the cathode assembly described earlier.
On the role of self‐recognition in T cell responses to foreign antigen (2003)

The key role of the thymus in shaping the peripheral T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has been appreciated for nearly a quarter of a century. For most of that time, a single model has dominated thinking about the physiological role of the positive selection process mediated by TCR recognition of self-peptides and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This developmental filter was believed to populate secondary lymphoid tissues with T cells bearing receptors best able to recognize unknown foreign peptides associated with the particular allelic forms of the MHC molecules present in an individual. More recently, self-recognition has been suggested to regulate the viability of naïve T cells. Here we focus on new results indicating that a critical contribution of positive selection to host defense is insuring that each peripheral T cell can use self-recognition to (i) enhance TCR signaling sensitivity upon foreign antigen recognition and (ii) augment the clonal expansion that accompanies limiting foreign antigen display at early points in an infectious process. We also detail new insights into the intracellular signaling circuitry that underlies the effective discrimination between low- and high-quality ligands of the TCR and speculate on how this design might facilitate an additional contribution of self-recognition to T cell activation in the presence of foreign stimuli.
A Ray Analysis of Optical Resonators Formed by Two Spherical Mirrors (1970)

A paraxial resonance equation is derived. This gives the mirror separation as a function of the radii of curvature of the mirrors and an integer N which is the number of return transits necessary to form a closed path of rays. Differentiating the paraxial resonance equation gives a formula for the relative mode density as a function of mirror separation. It is shown that the output power from a laser incorporating solid mirrors is inversely proportional to the mode density. In the case of hole coupling, the output power follows the same general profile but dips in power occur at the mirror separations corresponding to the resonance configurations of modes characterized by low values of N. Further confirmation of the paraxial resonance equation is obtained from passive resonators in which conic interference fringes and sudden increases in transmitted intensity are found to occur at the predicted mirror separations for low values of N corresponding to mode-degenerate configurations. The positions of the vertices of the ray traces are found to correspond to the patterns of discrete spots which are obtained in the output of a CO2 laser incorporating Brewster angle windows and a solid germanium mirror. The laser configurations which give maximum output power are plotted as a cliff of constant height above the g1g2 plane of the stability diagram, where g1 and g2 are the configuration coordinates. The relative merits of all possible cavity configurations having one mirror in common are shown as a set of equipower contours, and the hyperbolic curves of constant N are also superimposed on the stability diagram. The advantages of simplicity and directness in using the ray model are made clear.
Conservative open-page policy for mixed time-criticality memory controllers (2013)

Complex Systems-on-Chips (SoC) are mixed time-criticality systems that have to support firm real-time (FRT) and soft real-time (SRT) applications running in parallel. This is challenging for critical SoC components, such as memory controllers. Existing memory controllers focus on either firm real-time or soft real-time applications. FRT controllers use a close-page policy that maximizes worst-case performance and ignore opportunities to exploit locality, since it cannot be guaranteed. Conversely, SRT controllers try to reduce latency and consequently processor stalling by speculating on locality. They often use an open-page policy that sacrifices guaranteed performance, but is beneficial in the average case. This paper proposes a conservative open-page policy that improves average-case performance of a FRT controller in terms of bandwidth and latency without sacrificing real-time guarantees. As a result, the memory controller efficiently handles both FRT and SRT applications. The policy keeps pages open as long as possible without sacrificing guarantees and captures locality in this window. Experimental results show that on average 70% of the locality is captured for applications in the CHStone benchmark, reducing the execution time by 17% compared to a close-page policy. The effectiveness of the policy is also evaluated in a multi-application use-case, and we show that the overall average-case performance improves if there is at least one FRT or SRT application that exploits locality.
Design and Evaluation of a Filter Fluorometer That Incorporates a Photon-Counting Detector (1973)

Abstract We describe the design and evaluation of a filter fluorometer in which a photomultiplier detector is used in the photon-counting mode. Output frequency is shown to be linear with light intensity from 5 Hz to 800 kHz. Comparisons with commercially available instruments show an inherent sensitivity superior to a commercially available filter instrument and comparable to that of a spectrofluorometer. Results are included showing the applicability of the instrument to the kinetic determination of lactate dehydrogenase in serum.
Replication Pauses of the Wild-Type and Mutant Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase Gamma: A Simulation Study (2011)

The activity of polymerase γ is complicated, involving both correct and incorrect DNA polymerization events, exonuclease activity, and the disassociation of the polymerase:DNA complex. Pausing of pol-γ might increase the chance of deletion and depletion of mitochondrial DNA. We have developed a stochastic simulation of pol-γ that models its activities on the level of individual nucleotides for the replication of mtDNA. This method gives us insights into the pausing of two pol-γ variants: the A467T substitution that causes PEO and Alpers syndrome, and the exonuclease deficient pol-γ (exo(-)) in premature aging mouse models. To measure the pausing, we analyzed simulation results for the longest time for the polymerase to move forward one nucleotide along the DNA strand. Our model of the exo(-) polymerase had extremely long pauses, with a 30 to 300-fold increase in the time required for the longest single forward step compared to the wild-type, while the naturally occurring A467T variant showed at most a doubling in the length of the pauses compared to the wild-type. We identified the cause of these differences in the polymerase pausing time to be the number of disassociations occurring in each forward step of the polymerase.
Highly Efficient Enzymatic Ammonolysis of α,β-Unsaturated Esters (1994)

Immobilized lipase catalyzes the ammonolysis of a wide variety of α,β-unsaturated esters in mild conditions. α,β-Unsaturated amides are obtained with good to excellent yields.
Mushroom Hunting by Using Bioinformatics: Application of a Predictive Framework Facilitates the Selective Identification of Sesquiterpene Synthases in Basidiomycota (2013)

The Basidiomycota fungi represent a diverse source of natural products, particularly the sesquiterpenoids. Recently, genome sequencing, genome mining, and the subsequent discovery of a suite of sesquiterpene synthases in Omphalotus olearius was described. A predictive framework was developed to facilitate the discovery of sesquiterpene synthases in Basidiomycota. Phylogenetic analyses indicated a conservation of both sequence and initial cyclization mechanisms used. Here, the first robust application of this predictive framework is reported. It was used to selectively identify sesquiterpene synthases that follow 1,6-, 1,10-, and 1,11-cyclization mechanisms in the crust fungus Stereum hirsutum. The successful identification and characterization of a 1,6- and a 1,10-cyclizing sesquiterpene synthase, as well as three 1,11-cyclizing Δ(6) -protoilludene synthases, is described. This study verifies the accuracy and utility of the predictive framework as a roadmap for the discovery of specific sesquiterpene synthases from Basidiomycota, and thus represents an important step forward in natural product discovery.
Observation of Superluminal Behaviors in Wave Propagation (2000)

The possibility of observing superluminal behavior in the propagation of localized microwaves over distances of tens of wavelengths is experimentally demonstrated. These types of waves, better than the evanescent modes of tunneling, can contribute to answering the question on the luminal limit of the signal velocity.
Efforts toward treatments against aging of organophosphorus‐inhibited acetylcholinesterase (2016)

Aging is a dealkylation reaction of organophosphorus (OP)-inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Despite many studies to date, aged AChE cannot be reactivated directly by traditional pyridinium oximes. This review summarizes strategies that are potentially valuable in the treatment against aging in OP poisoning. Among them, retardation of aging seeks to lower the rate of aging through the use of AChE effectors. These drugs should be administered before AChE is completely aged. For postaging treatment, realkylation of aged AChE by appropriate alkylators may pave the way for oxime treatment by neutralizing the oxyanion at the active site of aged AChE. The other two strategies, upregulation of AChE expression and introduction of exogenous AChE, cannot resurrect aged AChE but may compensate for lowered active AChE levels by in situ production or external introduction of active AChE. Upregulation of AChE expression can be triggered by some peptides. Sources of exogenous AChE can be whole blood or purified AChE, either from human or nonhuman species.
Optimal Design of Spherical 5R Parallel Manipulators Considering the Motion/Force Transmissibility (2010)

The spherical 5R parallel manipulator is a typical parallel manipulator. It can be used as a pointing device or as a minimally invasive surgical robot. This study addresses the motion/force transmission analysis and optimization of the manipulator by taking into account the motion/force transmissibility. The kinematics of the manipulator is analyzed. Several transmission indices are defined by using screw theory for the performance evaluation and dimensional synthesis. The process of determining the optimal angular parameters based on performance charts is presented. The manipulator that has a large workspace and good motion/force transmissibility is identified.
Mnemonic Descent Method: A Recurrent Process Applied for End-to-End Face Alignment (2016)

Cascaded regression has recently become the method of choice for solving non-linear least squares problems such as deformable image alignment. Given a sizeable training set, cascaded regression learns a set of generic rules that are sequentially applied to minimise the least squares problem. Despite the success of cascaded regression for problems such as face alignment and head pose estimation, there are several shortcomings arising in the strategies proposed thus far. Specifically, (a) the regressors are learnt independently, (b) the descent directions may cancel one another out and (c) handcrafted features (e.g., HoGs, SIFT etc.) are mainly used to drive the cascade, which may be sub-optimal for the task at hand. In this paper, we propose a combined and jointly trained convolutional recurrent neural network architecture that allows the training of an end-to-end to system that attempts to alleviate the aforementioned drawbacks. The recurrent module facilitates the joint optimisation of the regressors by assuming the cascades form a nonlinear dynamical system, in effect fully utilising the information between all cascade levels by introducing a memory unit that shares information across all levels. The convolutional module allows the network to extract features that are specialised for the task at hand and are experimentally shown to outperform hand-crafted features. We show that the application of the proposed architecture for the problem of face alignment results in a strong improvement over the current state-of-the-art.