gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative hemodynamic effects of chewable isosorbide dinitrate and nitroglycerin in patients with congestive heart failure. (1975)

Vasodilators are known to be effective in improving the hemodynamics of congestive heart failure by increasing cardiac output and reducing left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP). Long acting agents are needed to augment the practicality and availability of chronic vasodilator therapy. In the present study the vascular effects of chewable isosorbide dinitrate (CHIS), sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) and placebo (P) were compared in eight patients with high LVFP due to heart failure. Patients with LVFP (pulmonary wedge pressure) over 14 mm Hg were given CHIS, 10 mg, NTG, 0.6 mg, and P, two chewable tablets, in random fashion. Heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and LVFP were monitored for three hours after each drug. HR was not significantly affected by any drug, although it rose slightly after NTG and fell after CHIS. Significant reduction of BP occurred only after NTG, with peak effect at five minutes, but lasting only 15 minutes. NTG reduced LVFP 5.1 mm Hg (19.5%, P, less than 0.05), at peak effect, but LVFP was no longer significantly lower by 20 minutes after NTG. After CHIS, LVFP fell significantly within five minutes, reached a peak reduction of 8.6 mm Hg (32;7%, P less than 0.01) at 15 minutes, and remained significantly lower through three hours. Thus CHIS provides a nitrate action of rapid onset and sustained effect that may be useful for chronic vasodilator therapy of heart failure.
A flyweight UML modelling tool for software development in heterogeneous environments (2003)

A large and growing variety of tools can support all kinds of UML modeling aspects: from model creation to advanced round-trip engineering of UML models and code. However, such tools aim at supporting specific life-cycle phases, but they often do not meet basic requirements arising in heterogeneous environments, UML education, early life-cycle phases, or agile processes: hassle-free tool deployment, support for fast model sketching, and flexible graphic export features. We present the freely available modeling tool UMLet we designed to specifically address these basic issues. It is a flyweight Java application that can easily be deployed in various development environments; it features an intuitive and pop-up-free user interface, while still providing output to common high-quality publishing formats. Thus, the tool UMLet provides an effective way to teach UML and to create and share UML sketches, especially in agile environments and during early life-cycle phases. Its user interface supports intuitive and exploratory modeling, its architecture makes distribution and deployment cost-efficient in heterogeneous environments.
A Lecture on Human Happiness. (1932)

A Few Doubts as to the Correctness of Some Opinions Generally Entertained on the Subject of Population [1821] Percy Ravenstone 496pp A Lecture on Human Happiness [1825] John Gray 96pp Labour Defended Against the Claims of Capital [1825] Thomas Hodgskin 96pp Labour Rewarded: The Claims of Capital Conciliated [1827] William Thompson 144pp Popular Political Economy [1827] Thomas Hodgskin 304pp The Natural and Artificial Rights of Property Contrasted [1832] Thomas Hodgskin 208pp Labour's Wrongs and Labour's Remedy [1839] JF Bray 224pp
Changes in sterols and fatty acids of buckwheat endosperm and embryo during seed development (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChanges in sterols and fatty acids of buckwheat endosperm and embryo during seed developmentMarcin. Horbowicz and Ralph L. ObendorfCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 5, 745–750Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00017a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00017a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intraoperative Ultrasound of the Liver in Primary and Secondary Hepatic Malignancies: Comparison With Preoperative 1.5-T MRI and 64-MDCT (2011)

For patients undergoing partial liver resection for hepatic malignancies, 64-MDCT and MRI have an equivalent or higher sensitivity in identifying hepatic segments with malignancy, and both 64-MDCT and MRI appear to have a higher predictive value for identifying disease-free segments than does intraoperative ultrasound.
A Switchable Low-Area 2.4-and-5 GHz Dual-Band LNA in Digital CMOS (2007)

Contemporary multistandard receivers implement the LNA functionality with either broadband LNAs, multiple separate LNAs or multiband LNAs. For system linearity, integration and area consumption, a multiband LNA could be preferable. This work demonstrates a switchable, 2.4-and-5 GHz dual-band feedback LNA, on an area as low as 40times160 mum2. Over 20 dB of gain is attained for a NF of 2.1 dB and a power consumption of 3.8 mW, indicating that the solution is suitable for low-cost multistandard receivers implemented in digital CMOS.
Method of creating web services from web applications (2007)

Web 2.0 is becoming popular among people who are interested in creating or providing more useful services on the Internet. Mashup is one of the most important methods in Web 2.0, which creates services by combining components on the Internet, such as Web services. Mashup enables many people to create various services easily and use services created by many other people. To create such a variety of useful services, we need a large number of components, but there are not so many components available on the Internet yet. We describe an effective method of creating wrappers that make Web applications usable as Web services. The method extracts important segments, such as search results of a hotel search application, from an HTML document generated by the web application and generates extraction rules for the wrappers. This extraction is performed by using the characteristic depth of each tag in the HTML document.
Robust Saturated Control for Low-Power Circuits (2012)

An important issue in the trends of miniaturization of systems-on-chips (SoCs) is to obtain a high energy efficiency. This can be reached by dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) architectures as the novel discrete Vdd-Hopping circuit. Generally, this kind of systems present parameter uncertainties and delays. Likewise, current peaks and energy dissipation must be reduced. In this paper, an optimal and robust saturated control law is proposed for this Vdd-Hopping circuit via Lyapunov-Krasovskii theory that ensures asymptotic stability as well as system robustness with respect to delay presence and parameter uncertainties. The closed-loop system presents a regional stabilization due to the actuator saturation. An estimation of an attraction domain is provided. This controller also limits the current peaks and it provides an energy-aware performance. The advantages achieved with this controller are shown in simulation.
Thermal Analysis of Degradation in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–ZnO Thin-Film Transistors (2008)

Degradation of Ga2O3–In2O3–ZnO (GIZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs), which are promising for driving circuits of next-generation displays, was studied. We found a degradation mode that was not observed in silicon TFTs. A parallel shift without any change of the transfer curve was observed under gate voltage stress. Judging from the bias voltage dependences we confirmed that the mode was mainly dominated by a vertical electric field. Thermal distribution was measured to analysis the degradation mechanism. Joule heating caused by drain current was observed; however, a marked acceleration of degradation by drain bias was not found. Therefore, we concluded that Joule heating did not accelerate degradation. Recovery of electrical properties independent of stress voltage were observed.
Controlling acidosis in the equine hindgut. (1995)

When cereal grain is fed to horses there is a risk of laminitis and it is also common to fmd behavioural changes characterised by chewing wood, eating bedding and grasping (wind sucking). This paper discusses the link between acidity in the gut, as a result of grain feeding, and the risk of laminitis and adverse behaviour. A proportion of the starch consumed as cereal grain passes undigested to the caecum and colon where it is rapidly fermented. The process of fermen-tation can lead to very low pH which is characterised by the presence of lactic acid. The feed additive virginiamycin (as the granular formulation Founder-guardTM) is effective in controlling the pattern of acid build up and accumulation of lactic acid even in horses given high levels of grain. The control of acidic conditions in the hindgut reduces the risk of laminitis associated with grain-based diets and prevents some of the behavioural changes associated with feeding grain supplements to horses.
Prenatal protein depletion and Δ9, Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases in the rat (1979)

Pregnant rats were kept throughout gestation on a control diet (i.e., 25% protein), on a low protein diet (i.e., 5% protein) or on a fat-free diet. At 20-21 days of gestation, the rate of 9-, 6-, and 5-desaturation was measured, using microsomes from maternal and fetal livers and placenta microsomes. The effect of protein malnutrition was more evident upon Δ6-desaturase activity from maternal liver, while a less severe reduction in the activities of Δ9- and Δ5-desaturases was observed. No measurable activities of Δ5- and Δ6-desaturases were observed in fetal liver and placenta, while a low activity of Δ9-desaturase was detected in both tissues from the three groups under study. We concluded that Δ6-desaturation is greatly affected by maternal protein deprivation, and this fact could affect the normal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the normal fetus growth and tissue development.
Rapid synthesis of mesoporous TiO2 with high photocatalytic activity by ultrasound-induced agglomeration (2002)

Three-dimensional and thermally stable mesoporous TiO2 was synthesized without the use of any surfactants via treatment with high intensity ultrasound irradiation for a short period of time. Monodispersed TiO2 sol particles were formed initially by ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of acetic acid-modified titanium isopropoxide. Then, the mesoporous spherical or globular particles, which have a narrow pore size distribution, were produced by controlled condensation and agglomeration of these sol nanoparticles under high intensity ultrasound irradiation. The mesoporous TiO2 was characterized by XRD, TEM, nitrogen adsorption, TGA/DTA and FTIR. Low-angle XRD and TEM show the mesoporous TiO2 has a wormhole-like structure and a lack of long-range order. Nitrogen adsorption results indicate that the mesoporous TiO2 retains mesoporosity with a narrow pore size distribution and high surface area to at least 673 K. The thermal stability of mesoporous TiO2 is attributed to its thick inorganic walls, consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles. TGA study shows that this synthetic method is environmentally friendly. The photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 for the oxidation of acetone in air was measured. As-prepared mesoporous TiO2 has negligible activity due to its amorphous structure. Calcined mesoporous TiO2 shows better activity than commercial photocatalyst P25. The reasons for the high activity of mesoporous TiO2 are discussed.
Brillouin scattering in condensed matter (1982)

Surveys the developments in Brillouin scattering during the past fifteen years. Mainly classical effects are described, therefore excluding stimulated and resonance Brillouin scattering. The study is limited so that the frequency interval of the acoustic excitations lies in the hypersonic regime.
Salicylic Acid and Disease Resistance in Plants (1999)

SA has been shown to play an important signaling role in the activation of various plant defense responses following pathogen attack. These responses include the induction of local and systemic disease resistance, the potentiation of host cell death, and the containment of pathogen spread. The mechanisms through which SA mediates these effects are varied and can involve alterations in the activity or synthesis of certain enzymes, increased defense gene expression, potentiation of several defense responses, and/or the generation of free radicals. Through the analysis of mutant plants exhibiting aberrant responses to pathogen infection, many genes encoding products involved in the SA-mediated defense pathway(s) have been isolated. In addition, mounting evidence suggests that certain defense responses can be activated via a SA-independent pathway(s). This review focuses primarily on recent discoveries pertaining to the SA signaling pathway(s) leading to disease resistance; however, a very brief discussion of the SA-independent pathway (s) and its ability to cross-talk with the SA pathway is also presented.
Interior point methods for placement (1994)

In VLSI layout optimization, the placement problem is usually solved with simulated annealing or heuristic algorithms. These procedures often begin with random initial configurations but may benefit greatly (in terms of execution time or quality of solution) when good initial relative placements are provided. Weis and Mlynski [1987] have presented a linear programming formulation for generating relative placements. In this paper, we show how efficient interior point and preconditioned conjugate gradient methods can be applied to solve large sparse linear programs based on Weis and Mlynski's approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toward Oral Delivery of Biopharmaceuticals: An Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Stability of 17 Peptide Drugs (2015)

A major barrier to successful oral delivery of peptide and protein molecules is their inherent instability in the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. The aim of this study was to determine the stability of 17 disparate peptide drugs (insulin, calcitonin, glucagon, secretin, somatostatin, desmopressin, oxytocin, [Arg(8)]-vasopressin, octreotide, ciclosporin, leuprolide, nafarelin, buserelin, histrelin, [d-Ser](4)-gonadorelin, deslorelin, and goserelin) in gastric and small intestinal fluids from both humans and pigs, and in simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. In human gastric fluid, the larger peptides including somatostatin, calcitonin, secretin, glucagon, and insulin were metabolized rapidly, while the smaller peptides showed good stability. In human small intestinal fluid, however, both small and large peptides degraded rapidly with the exception of the cyclic peptide ciclosporin and the disulfide-bridge containing peptides octreotide and desmopressin, which showed good stability. The stability of peptides in both simulated gastric fluid and pig gastric fluid correlated well with stability in human gastric fluid. However, it was not possible to establish such a correlation with the small intestinal fluids because of the rapid rate of peptide degradation. This work has identified the molecular features in the structure of a wide range of peptides that influence their stability in the environment of the gastrointestinal tract, which in turn will allow for better selection of peptide candidates for oral delivery.
A High Efficiency Ion Optical System for Tandem Accelerators (1965)

The ion optical problems of injecting ions into a tandem are reviewed and it is shown that signigicant improvements in transmission efficiency are to be expected if the diameter of the terminal stripping canal is increased and if the electrostatic field at the entrance to the accelerator is terminated in a controlled manner. Results with an experimental tandem accelerator are reported.
Overview of Quadtree-based Terrain Triangulation and Visualization (2002)

Real-time rendering and multiresolution modeling of triangulated surfaces has attracted growing interest over the last decade. For interactive visualization of very large scale grid digital elevation models efficiency is a particularly important aspect. The graphics rendering load must be controlled by reducing the number of rendered primitives using level-of-detail (LOD) techniques, adaptive extraction of LOD triangle meshes in main memory must be performed at interactive frame rates, and loading-on-demand of elevation data from secondary storage has to be highly efficient as well. Due to the high regularity of grid digital elevation models, hierarchical quadtree based terrain triangulation models have been shown to be among the most efficient methods available. In this paper we will survey and compare several approaches that follow this quadtree based surface decomposition and triangulation.
Stability Issues of Cu(In,Ga)Se<sub>2</sub>-Based Solar Cells (2000)

Stability aspects of the Mo/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/CdS/ZnO solar cell are reviewed and assessed. These include (i) the chemical stability of the various interfaces present in the device, (ii) the long-term behavior of metastable defects found in the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) compound, and (iii) the impact of Cu migration on device performance and lifetime. We find that (i) all interfaces within the structure are chemically stable, (ii) metastable defects have a beneficial effect on performance, and (iii) Cu migration effects are reversible and their possible detrimental effects are eclipsed by the beneficial effect of the metastable states. Moreover, Cu out-diffusion from the CIGS layer is absent in photovoltaic-quality CIGS. Finally, we propose a model that explains the exceptional radiation hardness and impurity tolerance of CIGS-based devices, based on the synergetic effect of copper migration and point defect reactions.
Operating system support for multi-user, remote, graphical interaction (2000)

The rising popularity of thin client computing and multi-user, remote, graphical interaction recalls to the fore a range of operating system research issues long dormant, and introduces a number of new directions. This paper investigates the impact of operating system design on the performance of thin client service. We contend that the key performance metric for this type of system is user-perceived latency and give a structured approach for investigating operating system design with this criterion in mind. In particular, we apply our approach to a quantitative comparison and analysis of Windows NT, Terminal Server Edition (TSE), and Linux with the X Windows System, two popular implementations of thin client service. We find that the processor and memory scheduling algorithms in both operating systems are not tuned for thin client service. Under heavy CPU and memory load, we observed user-perceived latencies up to 100 times beyond the threshold of perception and even in the idle state these systems induce unnecessary latency. TSE performs particularly poorly despite scheduler modifications to improve interactive responsiveness. We also show that TSE’s network protocol outperforms X by up to six times, and also makes use of a bitmap cache which is essential for handling dynamic elements of modern user interfaces and can reduce network load in these cases by up to 2000%.
The Biochemical Pharmacology Of Atrial Peptides (1989)

Due to the massive data sets available for drug candidates, modern drug discovery has advanced to the big data era. Central to this shift is the development of artificial intelligence approaches to implementing innovative modeling based on the dynamic, ...Read More
Vision based defect detection on 3D objects and path planning for processing (2011)

Automated optical inspection systems are frequently utilized to sort out defective objects. However, those objects might actually be reworked or disposed. The combination of defect detection and specific processing in a single operation helps to reduce reworking time and waste. Defect detection on 3D objects is approached by combining the techniques of surface detection and geometry estimation. This facilitates to deduce the processing strategy and path-planning. The objective of this paper is to present a methodology of vision based defect detection on 3D objects on a conveyor belt and automated path planning for processing.
Enzyme‐driven <i>bacillus</i> spore coat degradation leading to spore killing (2013)

The bacillus spore coat confers chemical and biological resistance, thereby protecting the core from harsh environments. The primarily protein-based coat consists of recalcitrant protein crosslinks that endow the coat with such functional protection. Proteases are present in the spore coat, which play a putative role in coat degradation in the environment. However these enzymes are poorly characterized. Nonetheless given the potential for proteases to catalyze coat degradation, we screened 10 commercially available proteases for their ability to degrade the spore coats of B. cereus and B. anthracis. Proteinase K and subtilisin Carlsberg, for B. cereus and B. anthracis spore coats, respectively, led to a morphological change in the otherwise impregnable coat structure, increasing coat permeability towards cortex lytic enzymes such as lysozyme and SleB, thereby initiating germination. Specifically in the presence of lysozyme, proteinase K resulted in 14-fold faster enzyme induced germination and exhibited significantly shorter lag times, than spores without protease pretreatment. Furthermore, the germinated spores were shown to be vulnerable to a lytic enzyme (PlyPH) resulting in effective spore killing. The spore surface in response to proteolytic degradation was probed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which provided key insights regarding coat degradation. The extent of coat degradation and spore killing using this enzyme-based pretreatment approach is similar to traditional, yet far harsher, chemical decoating methods that employ detergents and strong denaturants. Thus the enzymatic route reduces the environmental burden of chemically mediated spore killing, and demonstrates that a mild and environmentally benign biocatalytic spore killing is achievable.
Qualification of working cell banks for the Vero cell line to produce licensed human vaccines. (1989)

Since 1980, Merieux Institute has prepared on microcarriers four working cell banks from Vero Cells (137th p.) received from the ATCC in May 1979 (at 124th p.). The lots have been or are used for the production of rabies and inactivated poliomyelitis vaccines. Three lots were controlled according to WHO requirements described in the technical report 673, 1982. For the fourth lot, we have followed the WHO requirements corresponding to the technical report 745, 1987. All the tests required us to demonstrate: i) Safety and purity (tests in animals and eggs, sterility tests, cocultures with human cells and other electron microscopic observations). ii) The absence of tumorigenicity (tests in newborn rats treated with antihymocyte serum at the WBC level and on the cells propagated to at least 10 population doublings beyond the maximum passage level used for production. Assays of cell transformation with DNA from the Vero line in the standard 3T3 assay system). iii) Identity (isoenzyme technique). All were satisfactory.