gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive array imaging in inhomogeneous media (2003)

In ultrasonic imaging of inhomogenous or anisotropic composites, the time delays of spherical wavefronts may not be proportional to path lengths. To overcome this effect, an adaptive algorithm has been formulated which compensates for random signal time shift variations. To demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, a laboratory prototype array has been developed. Point-source transmitters broadcast broad-directivity ultrasonic fields into the composite. Backscattering from features in the interior of the material is sensed by a 32-element array of broadband, wide-field-of-view receivers. Tests of the adaptive algorithm on simulated scattering data and on the experimental data gathered with the new array show an improved ability to detect scatterers in the composite over conventional delay and sum imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
VLSI implementation and evaluation of a real‐time operating system (1996)

Abstract This paper proposed a new approach to create a very high performance real‐time operating system (OS) using VLSI technology. In this method, a quick and steady response can be guaranteed by implementing basic operations of a real‐time OS as a peripheral chip (Silicon TRON) to be connected to general purpose microprocessors. To confirm the effectiveness of this method, most basic system calls of μITRON have been designed using an HDL. Synthesis results using a 0.8 μm CMOS technology show that the most important part of the system calls can be realized as a VLSI chip. According to the evaluation results based on an FPGA implementation, the hardware portion of these functionalities can be executed within 250 ns and task scheduling can be performed with 750 ns simultaneously, both of which are approximately 6 to 50 times faster than software implementation. Accordingly, very high performance real‐time systems can be created by the proposed method.
3‐Nitropropionic acid: a mitochondrial toxin to uncover physiopathological mechanisms underlying striatal degeneration in Huntington's disease (2005)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a mutation in the gene encoding Huntingtin. The mechanisms underlying the preferential degeneration of the striatum, the most striking neuropathological change in HD, are unknown. Of those probably involved, mitochondrial defects might play an important role. The behavioural and anatomical similarities found between HD and models using the mitochondrial toxin 3-nitropropionic acid (3NP) in rats and primates support this hypothesis. Here, we discuss the recently identified mechanisms of 3NP-induced striatal degeneration. Two types of important factor have been identified. The first are the 'executioner' components that have direct roles in cell death, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase and Ca2+-activated protease calpains. The second are 'environmental' factors, such as glutamate, dopamine and adenosine, which modulate the striatal degeneration induced by 3NP. Interestingly, these recent studies support the hypothesis that 3NP and mutated Huntingtin have certain mechanisms of toxicity in common, suggesting that the use of 3NP might give new insights into the pathogenesis of HD. Research on 3NP provides additional proof that the neurochemical environment of a given neurone can determine its preferential vulnerability in neurodegenerative diseases.
Delayless subband active noise control (1993)

Wideband active noise control systems can often involve adaptive filter lengths with hundreds of taps. The high computational burden associated with such long filters can be reduced substantially by using subband processing, which has been widely employed in acoustic echo cancellation. A new technique for subband active noise control is introduced that eliminates the delay while retaining the computational and convergence speed advantages of subband processing. A numerical example using 32 subbands with measured room impulse responses demonstrates the workability of the delayless subband technique. Comparison with a conventional fullband active noise control algorithm shows that for an adaptive filter length of 512 taps, the computational load is reduced by a factor of about 3.< <ETX>></ETX>
Separation of Carrier-Free<sup>90</sup>Y from High Level Waste by Extraction Chromatographic Technique Using 2-Ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexyl Phosphonic Acid (KSM-17) (2000)

An extraction chromatographic technique has been developed for the separation of carrier-free 90Y from the 90Sr present in the high level waste (HLW) of the Purex process. When a Purex HLW solution in 2–3 M HNO3 is passed through a CMPO-Chromosorb-102 (CAC) column, all the trivalent, tetravalent, and hexavalent ions are sorbed. The effluent from this experiment, after adjusting the pH to 2 with NaOH, was passed through a 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexyl phosphonic acid (KSM-17)-Chromosorb-102 (KSMC) extraction chromatographic column where only 90Y was sorbed. All the other ions (90Sr, 137Cs, 125Sb, 106Ru, 106Rh, etc.) were washed off with dilute HNO3 (pH 2), and carrier-free 90Y was eluted with 0.5 M HNO3. This technique can yield 90Y in mCi levels in pure form for medical applications. The 90Sr can be used repeatedly after allowing for 90Y buildup.
Effects of relay rounds on idea generation of 3-person-subgroup: An experimental study (2009)

We suggested a new factor in group idea generation studies, relay rounds. A relay in idea generation groups was defined as a process in which the next group generates ideas on the basis of previous groups' work. We investigated 55 3-person-groups as subjects and discussed how the quantity of the nominal and unique ideas, the change of the quality of the ideas and satisfaction of the members in these groups were influenced as relay rounds gradually raised from 1 to 11. Then, we tried to find how many relay rounds would allow the best performance. We found that as the number of rely rounds increased, the quantity of a single group's nominal and unique ideas reduced accordingly. However, the overall quantity of nominal and unique ideas and the quality of unique ideas increased while the satisfaction degree of group members didn't change significantly. Results showed that under the situation of this study, a seven-round relay was the best.
Going Deep: Brain Imaging with Multi-Photon Microscopy (2013)

As scientists seek to unravel the mysteries of the brain, they will need to delve deeper than ever before in order to image individual neurons and their processes. Multi-photon microscopy is a promising new technology for getting there.
Normal Values for Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase (1961)

Journal Article Normal Values for Serum Lactic Dehydrogenase. Get access Robert D. Rapp, B.S., Robert D. Rapp, B.S. The Beading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Esther R. Bell, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) Esther R. Bell, B.S., M.T. (ASCP) The Beading Hospital, West Reading, Pennsylvania Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 February 1961, Pages 116–117, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/35.2.116 Published: 01 February 1961 Article history Received: 03 July 1960 Revision received: 17 July 1960 Accepted: 20 October 1960 Published: 01 February 1961
Mechanics of Composite Materials (1975)

REVIEWSpresentation of its subject which, by having collected in one place a comprehensive assortment of methods and techniques of measurement, will be of value to any person interested in comparing the possibilities and limitations of each.It is most certainly recommended to the audience for which it is written.
In-source CID mass spectral libraries for the “general unknown” screening of drugs and toxicants (2000)

A "general unknown" screening procedure for drugs and toxicants using LC-ES-MS was developed.It involved in-source collision induced dissociation of the molecular ions (in the negativeion mode) or protonated molecules (in the positive-ion mode) generally obtained from electrospray sources.Spectra were reconstructed by adding, on one hand, a pair of positive spectra, one without and one with fragmentation, and on the other a pair of negative spectra acquired in similar conditions.These reconstructed spectra showed at least as many fragments as MS/MS spectra, and sometimes as many as electron-ionisation spectra.They were repeatable and reproducible enough to be used for the specific identification of hundreds of molecules.Libraries of about 1100 positive spectra and 500 negative spectra were constructed and are used routinely, together with chromatographic separation involving a Nucleosil C18, 5 m column (150 1 mm i.d.) and a gradient of acetonitrile in 2 mM, pH 3 ammonium formate as a screening technique complementary to GC-MS and HPLC-DAD.
Patterns of simultaneous polysubstance use in drug using university students (2006)

Simultaneous polysubstance use (SPU) is a common phenomenon, yet little is known about how various substances are used with one another. In the present study 149 drug-using university students completed structured interviews about their use of various substances. For each substance ever used, participants provided details about the type, order and amount of all substances co-administered during its most recent administration. Alcohol, tobacco and cannabis were frequently co-administered with each other and with all other substances. Chi-squared tests revealed that when alcohol was used in combination with any of cannabis, psilocybin, MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine, methylphenidate (ps < 0.01) or LSD (p < 0.05) its initial use preceded the administration of the other substance. Paired samples t-tests revealed that when alcohol was used with cocaine (p < 0.01) or methylphenidate (p < 0.05) it was ingested in greater quantities than when used in their absence. Patterns of cannabis use were not systematically related to other substances administered. Finally, using one-sample t-tests, tobacco use was demonstrated to be increased relative to 'sober' smoking rates when used with alcohol, cannabis, psilocybin, MDMA, cocaine, amphetamine (ps < 0.001), LSD (p < 0.01) or methylphenidate (p < 0.05). Results suggest that many substances are routinely used in a SPU context and that the pattern in which a substance is used may be related to other substances co-administered.
Amino Acid Patterns around Disulfide Bonds (2010)

Disulfide bonds provide an inexhaustible source of information on molecular evolution and biological specificity. In this work, we described the amino acid composition around disulfide bonds in a set of disulfide-rich proteins using appropriate descriptors, based on ANOVA (for all twenty natural amino acids or classes of amino acids clustered according to their chemical similarities) and Scheffé (for the disulfide-rich proteins superfamilies) statistics. We found that weakly hydrophilic and aromatic amino acids are quite abundant in the regions around disulfide bonds, contrary to aliphatic and hydrophobic amino acids. The density distributions (as a function of the distance to the center of the disulfide bonds) for all defined entities presented an overall unimodal behavior: the densities are null at short distances, have maxima at intermediate distances and decrease for long distances. In the end, the amino acid environment around the disulfide bonds was found to be different for different superfamilies, allowing the clustering of proteins in a biologically relevant way, suggesting that this type of chemical information might be used as a tool to assess the relationship between very divergent sets of disulfide-rich proteins.
Metabolomics approach for predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (2012)

Breast cancer is a clinically heterogeneous disease, which necessitates a variety of treatments and leads to different outcomes. As an example, only some women will benefit from chemotherapy. Identifying patients who will respond to chemotherapy and thereby improve their long-term survival has important implications to treatment protocols and outcomes, while identifying non responders may enable these patients to avail themselves of other investigational approaches or other potentially effective treatments. In this study, serum metabolite profiling was performed to identify potential biomarker candidates that can predict response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Metabolic profiles of serum from patients with complete (n = 8), partial (n = 14) and no response (n = 6) to chemotherapy were studied using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and statistical analysis methods. The concentrations of four metabolites, three (threonine, isoleucine, glutamine) from NMR and one (linolenic acid) from LC-MS were significantly different when comparing response to chemotherapy. A prediction model developed by combining NMR and MS derived metabolites correctly identified 80% of the patients whose tumors did not show complete response to chemotherapy. These results show promise for larger studies that could result in more personalized treatment protocols for breast cancer patients.
Enkephalins: immunomodulators. (1985)

Our original studies of the enkephalins were centered on behavioral stress and brain dopaminergic interactions. More recently we discovered the enkephalins to be immunomodulators as evidenced by their enhancement effects on lymphocyte blastogenesis in mice, increases in the sizes of the thymus or spleen in rodents, and prolongation of survival of BDF1 mice inoculated with attentuated L1210 cells. Finally, in studies of human blood samples from both normal volunteers and cancer patients, the enkephalins were demonstrated to stimulate active T cell rosettes and natural killer cell activities (in vitro). These studies support our hypothesis that, in stress, the enkephalins modulate the effects of steroid hormones on the immune system.
Quantized Hall conductance, current-carrying edge states, and the existence of extended states in a two-dimensional disordered potential (1982)

When a conducting layer is placed in a strong perpendicular magnetic field, there exist current-carrying electron states which are localized within approximately a cyclotron radius of the sample boundary but are extended around the perimeter of the sample. It is shown that these quasi-one-dimensional states remain extended and carry a current even in the presence of a moderate amount of disorder. The role of the edge states in the quantized Hall conductance is discussed in the context of the general explanation of Laughlin. An extension of Laughlin's analysis is also used to investigate the existence of extended states in a weakly disordered two-dimensional system, when a strong magnetic field is present.
Studies on isoxazoles. XV. Syntheses of 3-aminoisoxazole derivatives. (1984)

New versatile syntheses of 3-aminoisoxazoles and their derivatives are described. 3-(N, N-Disubstituted amino) isoxazoles 5 were synthesized by heating 3-chloro-2-methylisoxazolium chlorides 1 with secondary amines, or by the substitution reaction of 1 with primary amines, followed by the dehydrochlorination and the subsequent addition-elimination reaction of alkyl or acyl halides with the resulting imines 6. Among the products 5, 3-(N-substituted acetylamino) isoxazoles were hydrolyzed with base to give 3-(N-monosubstituted amino) isoxazoles 3. 3-Aminoisoxazoles 7 were synthesized by the reaction of 1 with potassium phthalimide, followed by treatment with hydrazine.
Properties of GaN and related compounds studied by means of Raman scattering (2002)

In the last decade, we have seen very rapid and significant developments in Raman scattering experiments on GaN and related nitride compounds: the Γ-point phonon frequencies have been identified for both cubic and hexagonal structures of binary compounds of GaN, AlN, and InN. The phonon spectra of their ternary alloys, InGaN and AlGaN, were also intensively studied. On the basis of these studies, characterizations of strain, compositional fluctuation, defects, impurities, etc, are now being intensively conducted. Besides such pure lattice properties, coupled modes between a lattice vibration (LO phonon) and a collective excitation of free carriers (plasmon) in GaN have been thoroughly studied, and the results are now widely applied to characterize carrier-transport properties. Low-dimensional structures of nitrides such as quantum dots and superlattices will soon enter the most active field of Raman scattering characterization. This article briefly reviews the present status of Raman scattering experiments on GaN and related nitride compounds and presents some future prospects.
Molecular Techniques to Detect Biofilm Bacteria in Long Bone Nonunion: A Case Report (2011)

Rapid DNA-based detection methods represent a potentially clinically useful tool in the detection of bacterial biofilms. The sensitivity and clinical impact of the technology has yet to be established.
Evidence that Anomalous Statistical Inuence Depends on the Details of the Random Process (1998)

Within the field of statistical influence it has become widely accepted that the susceptibility to human influence of a (non-pseudo) random event generator (REG) is independent of the details of its construc- tion. This view was formalized by Schmidt, after obtaining similar experimental results from very different REGs, in the Equivalence Hypothesis that all REGs are equally susceptible. Since then, a number of models of influence have built upon this hypothesis to predict a scaling of the statistical yield with other factors, assuming the REG details can be ignored. For example, a time-normalized,o and Decision Augmentation Theory (DAT) models predict that the Z-score scales as the square-root of, respectively, the time invested by the human op- erator, and the number of operator initiations of the random process (button pushes). This paper is a report of an experiment to test the equivalence hypothesis, and, by implication, the validity of any derivative model. Human operators were invited to affect a trialso formed from accumulations of binary random events wherein the method of accumulation was randomly switched between two different modes. In one mode, a trial equal to the sum of 200 bits was pre- sented to the operator as the target of intention (to elevate or depress its value). In the other mode, the target of intention was a number distilled from the sum of 2,000,000 bits, having the same chance statistics as the 200 bit trial. By keeping the display and time between trials identical for both modes, both operator and experimenter were blind to the randomly alternating method of computing the trial value. A surprising and important finding from our results ( p = 0.00037) from 140,000 such trials is that influence of a random process does strongly depend on the method of generation. As a consequence, these results significantly refute the equivalence hypothesis, and therefore the time-nor- malized and DAT models. Instead, it must be concluded that anomalous in- teraction (Psychokinesis) is innately (partly or wholly) a property of the ma- chine, and therefore its description lies partly or wholly in the domain of a (future) physics.
A Computational Approach to Predict Suitable Target Sites for trans-Acting Minimal Hammerhead Ribozymes (2012)

Trans-acting hammerhead ribozymes are challenging tools for diagnostic, therapeutic, and biosensoristic purposes, owing to their specificity, efficiency, and great flexibility of use. One of the main problems in their application is related to the difficulties in the design of active molecules and identification of suitable target sites.The aim of this chapter is to describe ALADDIN, "SeArch computing tooL for hAmmerheaD ribozyme DesIgN," an open-access tool able to automatically identify suitable cleavage sites and provide a set of hammerhead ribozymes putatively active against the selected target.ALADDIN is a fast, cheap, helpful, and accurate tool designed to overcome the problems in the design of trans-acting minimal hammerhead ribozymes.
A new simple method for introducing an unmarked mutation into a large gene of non-competent Gram-negative bacteria by FLP/FRT recombination (2013)

The feasibility of our methodology was evidenced by the construction of an unmarked ataA mutant in the Tol 5 strain. Since FLP/FRT recombination can excise a long region of DNA exceeding 100 kb, our method has the potential to selectively disrupt much larger genes or longer regions of gene clusters than ataA. Our methodology allows the straightforward and efficient introduction of an unmarked mutation into a large gene or gene cluster of non-enterobacterial Gram-negative bacteria.
Specific Binding Site for Pro Atrial Natriuretic Factors 1-30, 31-67, and 99-126 on Distal Nephrons, Proximal Tubules, Renal Cortical and Medullary Membranes (1992)

Two peptides with natriuretic and diuretic properties consisting of amino acids (a.a.) 1-30 and 31-67 of the 98 a.a. N-terminal end of the prohormone of atrial natriuretic factor (proANF), which normally circulates in humans and animals, were investigated to determine if they have specific binding sites on distal nephrons, proximal tubules, renal cortical and medullary membranes. Competitive binding experiments revealed that proANFs 1-30, 31-67, and 99-126 (i.e., C-terminus; ANF) each had specific and separate binding sites. The dissociation constants (Kd) for proANFs 1-30, 31-67, and 99-126 binding to renal cortical membranes were similar at 9.8, 5.1, and 4.7 nM, respectively. In renal medullary membranes, on the other hand, proANF1-30 (Kd = 3.7 nM) and proANF31-67 (Kd = 2.9 nM) had a 10-fold higher binding affinity than ANF (Kd = 56 nM). All three peptides had very weak binding to proximal tubules with the respective Kds for proANF1-30, proANF31-67, and ANF of 892, 789, and 550 nM indicating a 50- to 100-fold less affinity for their binding sites in proximal tubules than in distal nephrons (Kds of 4.9, 5.3, and 11 nM, respectively). Each peptide bound to the respective kidney membranes or tubules between 10(-8) and 10(-11) M but could only bind to the other peptides' receptors at concentrations of 10(-6) and 10(-7) M. Neither insulin, growth hormone, nor adrenocorticotrophic hormone competitively inhibited the binding of proANF 1-30, proANF 31-67 or ANF. These results suggest that proANF 1-30 and proANF31-67 do not work through the ANF receptor but rather have their own separate and distinct receptors to mediate their diuretic and natriuretic effects in the kidney.
Biological actions of leukotrienes. State of the art lecture. (1986)

Leukotrienes are novel mediators derived from arachidonic acid through the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme system. Leukotriene B4 has potent effects on leukocyte function and in vivo induces leukocyte accumulation and changes in vascular permeability and modulates pain responses. Peptido-lipid leukotrienes are potent smooth muscle--contracting agents. They may have important cardiovascular actions through mechanisms involving either vasoconstriction or indirect vasodilatation. Evidence for leukotriene production has been found in subjects with allergic conditions and psoriasis, indicating a putative role for these substances in human disease.
Generation and detection of guided waves using PZT wafer transducers (2005)

We report here the use of finite element simulation and experiments to further explore the operation of the wafer transducer. We have separately modeled the emission and detection processes. In particular, we have calculated the wave velocities and the received voltage signals due to A0 and S0 modes at an output transducer as a function of pulse center frequency. These calculations include the effects of finite pulse width, pulse dispersion, and the detailed interaction between the piezoelectric element and the transmitting medium. We show that the received signals for A0 and S0 modes have maxima near the frequencies predicted from the previously published point-force model.