gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i> Targeting and Imaging of Tumor Vasculature with Radiolabeled, Antibody-Conjugated Nanographene (2012)

Herein we demonstrate that nanographene can be specifically directed to the tumor neovasculature in vivo through targeting of CD105 (i.e., endoglin), a vascular marker for tumor angiogenesis. The covalently functionalized nanographene oxide (GO) exhibited excellent stability and target specificity. Pharmacokinetics and tumor targeting efficacy of the GO conjugates were investigated with serial noninvasive positron emission tomography imaging and biodistribution studies, which were validated by in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo experiments. The incorporation of an active targeting ligand (TRC105, a monoclonal antibody that binds to CD105) led to significantly improved tumor uptake of functionalized GO, which was specific for the neovasculature with little extravasation, warranting future investigation of these GO conjugates for cancer-targeted drug delivery and/or photothermal therapy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. Since poor extravasation is a major hurdle for nanomaterial-based tumor targeting in vivo, this study also establishes CD105 as a promising vascular target for future cancer nanomedicine.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nonylprodigiosin and Macrocyclic Prodigiosin Analogues (2001)

Nonylprodigiosin (4) and various of its analogues have been prepared by Suzuki cross-coupling reactions of a well accessible pyrrolyl triflate with (hetero)aryl boronic acid derivatives bearing alkenyl side chains. The resulting alkenes or dienes were subjected to metathesis dimerization or ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reactions, respectively, by using a ruthenium indenylidene complex as the catalyst. The biological activity of the products thus obtained was tested in two different assays monitoring i) the proliferation of murine spleen cells induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and concanavalin A (Con A), and ii) the vacuolar acidification of baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Compounds 4 and 21 suppressed Con A-induced T-cell proliferation much more potently than LPS-induced B-cell proliferation. Furthermore, compounds 4 and 26 markedly inhibited vacuolar acidification, although other compounds exhibited no or only marginal effects. Thus, the immunosuppressive activity of prodigiosins toward T-cell proliferation seems to be mediated through cellular targets distinct from vacuolar acidification, and the prodigiosin analogues might be powerful tools to dissect these biological responses. The X-ray crystal structure of the macrocyclic product 25 has been determined, showing that the replacement of one pyrrole ring of the parent compound 4 by a phenyl group does not alter the overall electronic features of the remaining heterocyclic ring system of these alkaloids.
Towards Automated Optimization of Web Interfaces and Application to E-commerce (2017)

In this paper, we present a system that supports the design of web graphical user interface by finding the optimal placement of interactive elements. The definition of optimal placement is context specific; it aims at maximizing measurable aspects of the user experience, and it is derived using expert knowledge embedded in the system, which is based on HCI principles, user studies, and data analytics. We use a novel modeling technique to represent the layout of web user interfaces. The model is unsupervisedly computed on information extracted by several image processing algorithms. The system identifies the website category, builds a layout model, compares it with the relevant optimal model, and recommends an alternative layout of interactive elements. To prove this concept, we present a study on e-commerce websites where placement of the checkout button has a significant impact on the online sale process conversion rate. The system identifies non-optimal placement, and it recommends an alternative position that is likely to improve the conversion rate. The results will be validated based on the Visa Checkout user experience. The system is implemented as an open-source software, and it currently supports the re-positioning of a single interactive element. In the paper, we discuss a further generalization of this approach to support a larger number of interactive objects in a wider spectrum of scenarios.
Adsorptive Separation of 1, 2‐Dichloroethane from Model Wastewater by Natural Clinoptilolite (2003)

Abstract The adsorptive separation of 1, 2‐dichloroethane from model wastewater by different Slovak natural and octadecylammonium‐modified clinoptilolites has been studied. It was found that the 1, 2‐dichloroethane will be adsorbed by natural as well as by surfactant‐modified clinoptilolites; all clinoptilolites have a similar adsorption loading. There was also no remarkable difference between the natural and surfactant‐modified clinoptilolites in respect to the adsorption kinetics.
Tumor Suppressor p16INK4A Regulates Polycomb-mediated DNA Hypermethylation in Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (2006)

Alterations in DNA methylation are important in cancer, but the acquisition of these alterations is poorly understood. Using an unbiased global screen for CpG island methylation events, we have identified a non-random pattern of DNA hypermethylation acquired in p16-repressed cells. Interestingly, this pattern included loci located upstream of a number of homeobox genes. Upon removal of p16(INK4A) activity in primary human mammary epithelial cells, polycomb repressors, EZH2 and SUZ12, are up-regulated and recruited to HOXA9, a locus expressed during normal breast development and epigenetically silenced in breast cancer. We demonstrate that at this targeted locus, the up-regulation of polycomb repressors is accompanied by the recruitment of DNA methyltransferases and the hypermethylation of DNA, an endpoint, which we show to be dependent on SUZ12 expression. These results demonstrate a causal role of p16(INK4A) disruption in modulating DNA hypermethylation, and identify a dynamic and active process whereby epigenetic modulation of gene expression is activated as an early event in breast tumor progression.
24-hour glucose profiles during continuous or oscillatory insulin infusion. Demonstration of the functional significance of ultradian insulin oscillations. (1995)

Under basal and stimulated conditions, normal insulin secretion oscillates with periods in the ultradian 100-150-min range. To test the hypothesis that oscillatory insulin delivery is more efficient in reducing blood glucose levels than continuous administration, nine normal young men were each studied on two occasions during a 28-h period including a period of polygraphically recorded sleep. Endogenous insulin secretion was suppressed by somatostatin, a constant intravenous glucose infusion was administered, and exogenous insulin was infused either at a constant rate or in a sinusoidal pattern with a period of 120 min. The mean glucose level over the 28-h period was 0.72 +/- 0.31 mmol/liter lower when insulin was infused in an oscillatory pattern than when the rate of infusion was constant (P < 0.05). The greater hypoglycemic effect of oscillatory versus constant infusion was particularly marked during the daytime, with the difference averaging 1.04 +/- 0.38 mmol/liter (P < 0.03). Serum insulin levels tended to be lower during oscillatory than constant infusion, although the same amount of exogenous insulin was administered under both conditions. Ultradian insulin oscillations appear to promote more efficient glucose utilization.
Substrate Discrimination by the Human GTP Fucose Pyrophosphorylase (2005)

GTP-l-fucose pyrophosphorylase (GFPP, E. C. 2.7.7.30) catalyzes the reversible condensation of guanosine triphosphate and beta-l-fucose-1-phosphate to form the nucleotide-sugar GDP-beta-l-fucose. The enzyme functions primarily in the mammalian liver and kidney to salvage free l-fucose during the breakdown of glycolipids and glycoproteins. The mechanism by which this protein discriminates between substrate and nonsubstrate molecules has been elucidated for the first time in this study. The ability of GFPP to form nucleotide-sugars from a series of base-, ribose-, phosphate-, and hexose-modified precursor molecules has revealed that the enzyme active site senses a series of substrate substituents that drive substrate/nonsubstrate discrimination. These substituents alter the ability of the precursor molecule to interact with the enzyme, as measured by either changes in the Michaelis constant, K(m), the binding affinity, K(a), or through changes in enzymatic turnover, k(cat). In this work, the combined substrate binding and enzyme analysis has revealed that the nature of the purine base is the major determinant in substrate specificity, followed by the nature of the hexose-1-P, and finally by the ribose moiety. Binding is enthalpy-driven and does not involve proton transfer. For the majority of nucleotide-sugar analogues, binding to GFPP is entropically unfavorable; however, surprisingly, a few of the substrate analogues tested bind to GFPP with a favorable entropic term.
Topographic antigenic determinants recognized by monoclonal antibodies on human choriogonadotropin beta-subunit. (1987)

We describe a first attempt to study the antibody-combining sites recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the beta-subunit of human choriogonadotropin (hCG). Two groups of antibodies were first defined by their ability to recognize only the free beta-subunit or the free and combined subunit. Antibodies FBT-11 and FBT-11-L bind only to hCG beta-subunit but not to hCG, whereas antibodies FBT-10 and D1E8 bind to both the beta-subunit and the hormone. In both cases, the antigenic determinants were localized to the core of the protein (residues 1-112), indicating the weak immunogenicity of the specific carboxyl-terminal extension of hCG-beta. Nine synthetic peptides spanning different regions of hCG-beta and lutropin-beta were assessed for their capacity to inhibit antibody binding. A synthetic peptide inclusive of the NH2-terminal region (residues 1-7) of the hCG beta-subunit was found to inhibit binding to the radiolabeled subunit of a monoclonal antibody specific for free hCG-beta (FBT-11). Further delineation of the antigenic site recognized by this antibody provided evidence for the involvement of fragment 82-92. Moreover, monoclonal antibody FBT-11 inhibited the recombination of hCG-beta to hCG-alpha, indicating that its antigenic determinant might be located nearby or in the hCG-beta portion interacting with the alpha-subunit. Binding of monoclonal antibody FBT-10, corresponding to the second antigenic determinant, was weakly inhibited by fragment 82-105 and did not impair the recombination of the hCG beta-subunit to the hCG alpha-subunit. Its combining site appeared to be located in a region of the intact native choriogonadotropin present at the surface of the hormone-receptor complex.
The Analysis of the Users' Response to the Linear Internet Video Advertising by Using QoE Methods (2013)

Internet video advertising is a sensitive application regarding the quality of the multimedia content, efficiency of displayed advertisement and user's attention. Therefore, video advertising have to be described with respect to Quality of Experience (QoE). Important issue represents trade-off between the Quality of Experience and ad efficiency. The analysis of payment which takes into account the duration of video ad is one of the aspects in this research. This paper analyzes influences of the format of the video ad to user's attention in order to achieve optimum ratio between the efficiency of the ad and QoE. We investigated impact of the position of the video ad in video content, ad duration and transition effects in merging video contents to the user's attention and ad efficiency. The model for estimation of QoE, taking into account improvement efficiency of video ad, was presented and metrics which are necessary for the evaluation of the QoE are introduced. The results show that it is possible to design video ad to achieve optimal ratio between the efficiency of ad and QoE. The improvement of the efficiency of an ad may be achieved while retaining the maximum QoE at the same time.
THE EFFECT OF EGG YOLK IN DIETS ON ANAPHYLACTIC ARTHRITIS (PASSIVE ARTHUS PHENOMENON) IN THE GUINEA PIG (1954)

WHOLE EGG YOLK INCORPORATED AS A SUPPLEMENT IN THE DIET OF BABY GUINEA PIGS AFFORDED PROTECTION AGAINST ANAPHYLACTIC ARTHRITIS AS DETERMINED: (a) by measurement of joint swelling; (b) by the rise in serum level of some substance which reacts with diphenylamine; (c) by histologic examination. The active material in egg yolk was shown to be in the alcohol-soluble fraction. Attempts to identify the active material with any known lipid have to date been unsuccessful. In the screening of lipid substances for protection against anaphylactic arthritis, it is shown that the weanling guinea pig is suitable, that a 3 week period is adequate, and that the test substance can be administered satisfactorily in the diet.
Fracture of the Femoral Component in Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty (1993)

Records of sales revealed that 6172 Ortholoc II cementless total knee femoral components with double bead layers were sold between January 1986 and December 1987. Sixteen thousand two hundred thirty Ortholoc II femoral implants with single bead layers were sold between December 1986 and January 1990. Fractures of the femoral components were reported in 32 knees; all but one occurred in femoral components with porous surfaces consisting of two layers of sintered beads. The overall minimum rate of failure for all sizes with double bead layers was 0.42%. The rate varied with the size of the implant and was much greater in smaller implants. The rate of failure was 0.82% in 852 small components, 0.37% in 2416 medium components, 0.29% in 1729 large components, and 0.09% in 1175 extra-large components. The differences in failure rates were statistically significant for all sizes of implants when compared with other sizes. Sixteen thousand two hundred thirty Ortholoc II components with a single layer of beads were sold worldwide between December 1986 and January 1989. One implant (medium size) failed 18 months after surgery. The minimum rate of failure in the single bead layer implants is 0.006%. This failure rate is statistically significantly less than that of the double bead layer implants. All failures occurred at the junction between one of the bevel surfaces and the distal surface of the implant. In all cases, crack propagation was initiated at the inner surface. This suggests that bending stresses had developed and had opened (straightened) the femoral component.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regions of Endonuclease EcoRII Involved in DNA Target Recognition Identified by Membrane-bound Peptide Repertoires (1999)

Target sequence-specific DNA binding regions of the restriction endonuclease EcoRII were identified by screening a membrane-bound EcoRII-derived peptide scan with an EcoRII recognition site (CCWGG) oligonucleotide duplex. Dodecapeptides overlapping by nine amino acids and representing the complete protein were prepared by spot synthesis. Two separate DNA binding regions, amino acids 88-102 and amino acids 256-273, which share the consensus motif KXRXXK, emerged. Screening 570 single substitution analogues obtained by exchanging every residue of both binding sites for all other amino acids demonstrated that replacing basic residues in the consensus motifs significantly reduced DNA binding. EcoRII mutant enzymes generated by substituting alanine or glutamic acid for the consensus lysine residues in DNA binding site I expressed attenuated DNA binding, whereas corresponding substitutions in DNA binding site II caused impaired cleavage, but enzyme secondary structure was unaffected. Furthermore, Glu96, which is part of a potential catalytic motif and also locates to DNA binding site I, was demonstrated to be critical for DNA cleavage and binding. Homology studies of DNA binding site II revealed strong local homology to SsoII (recognition sequence, CCNGG) and patterns of sequence conservation, suggesting the existence of functionally related DNA binding sites in diverse restriction endonucleases with recognition sequences containing terminal C:G or G:C pairs.
Mapping the 5–50‐kDa fraction of human amniotic fluid proteins by 2‐DE and ESI‐MS (2007)

This report presents a proteomic analysis and provides a reference map of the 5-50-kDa components of normal amniotic fluid collected in gestational weeks 16-18. Early amniocentesis samples were pooled and proteins with molecular mass lower than albumin were separated by gel filtration chromatography. The 2-DE protocol was optimized for the separation of the small proteins and peptides in the fraction of interest. A total of 132 Coomassie blue-stained protein spots were analyzed, following in-gel tryptic digestion, by ESI-MS/MS and 49 different gene products were identified. The treatment with alkaline phosphatase caused the shift of the phosphoisoforms of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and of the N-terminal osteopontin fragment. Of the 33 full-length proteins identified in the 2-DE profile, 23 had not been previously detected in the amniotic fluid and, of these, 22 are not present in the human plasma proteome under physiological conditions. Fragments of 16 larger proteins were identified and the sequence coverage data revealed that several correspond to autonomous domains that may have biological roles on their own. Several of the detected proteins and peptides appear to be involved in critical regulatory processes associated with placentation and early development, thus representing potential markers of various physiological or pathological conditions.
Development and comparison of three syllable stress classifiers (2002)

The paper describes the development of three alternative techniques for the classification of syllable stress in fluent speech. They are based on: (1) neural networks that use contextual syllabic information; (2) first and second order Markov chains that depend on a new dynamic vector quantization approach; and (3) a rule based approach. Both the neural network and the statistical approach achieved performance above 80%, with the neural networks slightly outperforming the Markov models. Experimental results also show that stress classification could enhance speech recognition.
NUCLEAR ASSEMBLY (1997)

We review old and new insights into the structure of the nuclear envelope and the components responsible for its dynamic reassembly during mitosis. New information is coming to light about several of the proteins that mediate nuclear reassembly. These proteins include the lamins and their emerging relationship with proteins such as otefin and the MAN antigens: peripheral proteins that might participate in lamina structure. There are four identified proteins localized to the inner nuclear membrane: the lamina-associated proteins LAP1 and LAP2, emerin, and the lamin B receptor (LBR). LBR can interact independently with lamin B and a chromodomain protein, Hp1, and appears to be a central player in targeting nuclear membranes to chromatin. Intermediates in the assembly of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) can now be studied biochemically and visualized by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. We discuss the possibility that the filament-forming proteins Tpr/p270, NuMA, and perhaps actin may have roles in nuclear assembly.
Faculty Pay as an Incentive for Growth. (1998)

Herein, a cancer-recognizing polymeric photosensitizer (CRPP) was demonstrated not only for high water solubility but also for pH-responsive targeted photodynamic cancer therapy. The synthesized CRPP exhibited high water solubility and the pH-dependent charge-switching property. From an in vitro cellular internalization study with HCT-116 human colon cancer cells, significantly enhanced cellular uptake as detected for CRPP at pH 6.5 compared to the cellular uptake of CRPP at pH 7.4, which led to enhanced cytotoxicity in the cancer cells. Finally, the CRPP was found to exhibit high tumor-targeting efficacy in an in vivo tumor model and was finally excreted through the renal route.
Selective suppression of idler spectral broadening in two-pump parametric architectures (2003)

We describe methods for selective suppression of idler spectral broadening in two-pump fiber parametric fiber amplifiers. Combinations of multiple amplification bands and dissimilar pump modulation techniques are used to generate narrow idlers at preselected wavelengths. In-phase pump modulation is shown to eliminate the need for phase-delay management in two-pump parametric amplification schemes.
An adaptive weighted median filter for speckle suppression in medical ultrasonic images (1989)

A method for reducing speckle noise in medical ultrasonic images is presented. It is called the adaptive weighted median filter (AWMF) and is based on the weighted median, which originates from the well-known median filter through the introduction of weight coefficients. By adjusting the weight coefficients and consequently the smoothing characteristics of the filter according to the local statistics around each point of the image, it is possible to suppress noise while edges and other important features are preserved. Application of the filter to several ultrasonic scans has shown that processing improves the detectability of small structures and subtle gray-scale variations without affecting the sharpness or anatomical information of the original image. Comparison with the pure median filter demonstrates the superiority of adaptive techniques over their space-invariant counterparts. Examples of processed images show that the AWMF preserves small details better than other nonlinear space-varying filters which offer equal noise reduction in uniform areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Post-auricular muscle reflex in the Middle Latency Evoked Auditory Response (2009)

there was post-auricular muscle reflex interference upon the Middle Latency Response obtained when the electrodes were placed on the mastoid, and the most efficient electrode disposition in order to capture and to register more accurately this potential was on the earlobe.