gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Compounds, Indoles (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatic Compounds, IndolesRyoichi Kuwano, Koji Sato, Takashi Kurokawa, Daisuke Karube, and Yoshihiko ItoView Author Information Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 31, 7614–7615Publication Date (Web):July 20, 2000Publication History Received12 April 2000Published online20 July 2000Published inissue 1 August 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001271chttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001271crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4256Altmetric-Citations271LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,High-performance liquid chromatography,Hydrogenation,Indoles,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Phytoalexins from Hairy Roots of <i>Hyoscyamus </i><i>a</i><i>lbus</i> Treated with Methyl Jasmonate (1998)

The treatment of hairy roots of Hyoscyamus albus with copper sulfate (Cu2+) and methyl jasmonate (JAMe) produced several phytoalexins having the vetispyrane skeleton. Lubimin and solavetivone were isolated after treatment with Cu2+. Seven sesquiterpenoid phytoalexins were isolated from the culture medium after treatment with JAMe, including lubimin, solavetivone, 3-hydroxysolavetivone and four new compounds (1-4). Structures of the new compounds were elucidated to be (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-hydroxy-9-tigloyloxysolavetivone (1), (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-hydroxy-9-(3-methylbutenoyloxy)-solavetivone (2), (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3-hydroxy-9-isobutanoyloxysolavetivone (3); and (3R,4S,5R,7S,9R)-3,9-dihydroxysolavetivone (4). The induction pattern of phytoalexins in hairy roots treated with JAMe was different in those treated with Cu2+, and co-treatment with JAMe and Cu2+ gave only solavetivone.
Fast-Response-Time Shape-Memory-Effect Foam Actuators (2010)

Bulk shape memory alloys, such as Nitinol or CuAlZn, display strong recovery forces undergoing a phase transformation after being strained in their martensitic state. These recovery forces are used for actuation. As the phase transformation is thermally driven, the response time of the actuation can be slow, as the heat must be passively inserted or removed from the alloy. Shape memory alloy TiNi torque tubes have been investigated for at least 20 years and have demonstrated high actuation forces [3,000 in.-lb (approximately equal to 340 N-m) torques] and are very lightweight. However, they are not easy to attach to existing structures. Adhesives will fail in shear at low-torque loads and the TiNi is not weldable, so that mechanical crimp fits have been generally used. These are not reliable, especially in vibratory environments. The TiNi is also slow to heat up, as it can only be heated indirectly using heater and cooling must be done passively. This has restricted their use to on-off actuators where cycle times of approximately one minute is acceptable. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) has been used in the past to make porous TiNi metal foams. Shape Change Technologies has been able to train SHS derived TiNi to exhibit the shape memory effect. As it is an open-celled material, fast response times were observed when the material was heated using hot and cold fluids. A methodology was developed to make the open-celled porous TiNi foams as a tube with integrated hexagonal ends, which then becomes a torsional actuator with fast response times. Under processing developed independently, researchers were able to verify torques of 84 in.-lb (approximately equal to 9.5 Nm) using an actuator weighing 1.3 oz (approximately equal to 37 g) with very fast (less than 1/16th of a second) initial response times when hot and cold fluids were used to facilitate heat transfer. Integrated structural connections were added as part of the net shape process, eliminating the need for welding, adhesives, or mechanical crimping. Inexpensive net-shape processing was used, which reduces the cost of the actuator by over a factor of 10 over nonporous TiNi made by hot drawing of tube or electrical discharge machining. By forming the alloy as an open-celled foam, the surface area for heat transfer is dramatically increased, allowing for much faster response times. The technology also allows for netshape fabrication of the actuator, which allows for structural connections to be integrated into the actuator material, making these actuators significantly less expensive. Commercial applications include actuators for concepts such as the variable area chevron and nozzle in jet aircraft. Lightweight tube or rod components can be supplied to interested parties.
A 65nm Bistable Cross-coupled Dual Modular Redundancy Flip-Flop capable of protecting soft errors on the C-element (2010)

We propose a Bistable Cross-coupled Dual Modular Redundancy (BCDMR) Flip-Flop to enhance soft-error immunity. It is based on a BISER FF but its bistable cross-coupled structure enhances soft-error immunity without any area, delay and power overhead. We fabricated a 65 nm LSI including 60,480 bit shift registers with the BCDMR and BISER structures. Experimental results using α-particles reveals that the soft-error immunity of the BCDMR is enhanced by 150 × at 160 MHz clock frequency compared with the BISER.
Sensitization of TRAIL-Induced Cell Death by 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 via CHOP-Mediated DR5 Upregulation in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells (2012)

The TRAIL pathway is a potential therapeutic target for anticancer drugs due to selective cytotoxicity in cancer cells. Despite considerable promise, TRAIL or TRAIL receptor agonists have been used thus far with limited success in multiple clinical trials, in part due to acquired TRAIL resistance during chemotherapeutic treatment. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common solid tumor and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Classical chemotherapy is not effective for HCC treatment and targeted therapy is limited to sorafenib. Isolated from Panax ginseng CA Meyer, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 is a steroidal saponin with high pharmacologic activity that has been shown to sensitize cells to some chemotherapeutic agents. We investigated the sensitizing effect of Rg3 on TRAIL-induced cell death in HCC cells. We show Rg3 is capable of promoting TRAIL-induced apoptosis in a number of HCC cell lines, including HepG2, SK-Hep1, Huh-7, and Hep3B, but not in normal HL-7702 hepatocytes, indicating that Rg3 sensitization to TRAIL may be specific to cancer cells. Mechanistically, we found that Rg3 upregulates DR5 expression at the transcriptional level. DR5 upregulation in this case is mediated by C/EBP homology protein (CHOP), an important endoplasmic reticulum stress responsive protein. Furthermore, Rg3 is well tolerated and enhances the therapeutic efficacy of TRAIL in mouse xenograft models, suggesting that chemosensitization also occurs in vivo. Taken together, our study identifies Rg3 as a novel anticancer therapeutic agent and supports the further development of Rg3 as a chemosensitizer in combined therapy with TRAIL.
Systemic Mastocytosis (2004)

Systemic mastocytosis is a clonal disorder of the mast cell and its progenitor. The symptoms of systemic mastocytosis are due to the pathologic accumulation and activation of mast cells in various tissues such as bone marrow, skin, gastrointestinal tract, liver, and spleen. Recent studies revealed striking differences between the molecular and cellular biology of mast cells in patients with mastocytosis and those of healthy individuals. These findings are being used in formulating diagnostic criteria as well as designing novel treatment approaches to the disease.
Biochemical, genetic and applied aspects of drug resistance in <i>Eimeria</i> parasites of the fowl (1997)

Anticoccidial drugs are widely used for the control of coccidiosis in the fowl which has inevitably led to the development of drug resistance. Resistance has developed to all of the compounds that have been introduced and if chemotherapy is to remain the principal method of control of coccidiosis, it will be important to continue the search for new anticoccidial agents. Knowledge of biochemical pathways present in the Eimeria parasite and how they differ from those of the host might help identify novel targets for inhibition. Studies of the mode of action of drugs are required if the biochemical mechanisms of resistance are to be understood. Information on the genetic origins of resistance, the stability of resistance and the factors involved in the spread of resistance throughout parasite populations is required. Since there are no methods at present to prevent resistance, more attention should be given to developing strategies for preserving the efficacy of anticoccidial drugs.
Minichromosome Maintenance Protein 7 is a potential therapeutic target in human cancer and a novel prognostic marker of non-small cell lung cancer (2011)

Since MCM7 expression was generally low in a number of normal tissues we examined, MCM7 has the characteristics of an ideal candidate for molecular targeted cancer therapy in various tumors and also as a good prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients.
Buried-channel CCD imaging arrays with tin-oxide transparent gates (1978)

The fabrication and performance of CCD imaging arrays with transparent gate tin-oxide electrodes will be presented. Imagers described will include 1 × 256 linear, 100 × 100 area and 29 × 9 TDI sensors.
Group 1. The Alkali Metals B. The Alkali Metals. Ammonium ion (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVDemoNEXTGroup 1. The Alkali Metals B. The Alkali Metals. Ammonium ionJames A. Young Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1967, 44, 11, A1005Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1967Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1967Published inissue 1 November 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/ed044pA1005.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (889 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Analysis of Gene Expression Profiling in Meningioma: Deregulated Signaling Pathways Associated with Meningioma and EGFL6 Overexpression in Benign Meningioma Tissue and Serum (2012)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of meningioma are not fully elucidated. In this study, we established differential gene expression profiles between meningiomas and brain arachnoidal tissue by using Affymetrix GeneChip Human U133 Plus 2.0 Array. KEGG pathway analysis demonstrated that PI3K/Akt and TGFβ signaling pathways were up-regulated in fibroblastic meningioma, and focal adhesion and ECM-receptor interaction pathways were activated in anaplastic meningioma. EGFL6 was one of the most up-regulated genes in fibroblastic meningioma by microarray analysis. Quantitative real-time PCR demonstrated that benign meningiomas had significantly higher levels of EGFL6 mRNA than brain arachnoidal tissue and atypical and anaplastic meningiomas (P<0.001). EGFL6 gene was also highly expressed in ovarian cancer, but expressed lowly in other investigated tumors. ELISA analysis showed that patients with benign meningiomas and ovarian cancers had the highest serum levels of EGFL6 (mean concentration: 672 pg/ml for benign meningiomas, and 616 pg/ml for ovarian cancers). Healthy people and patients with other tumors, however, had low levels of serum EGFL6. In conclusion, we proposed that activation of PI3K/Akt and integrin-mediated signaling pathways was involved in the pathogenesis of benign and anaplastic meningiomas, respectively. We also presented evidence that EGFL6 was overexpressed in benign meningioma tissues and serum.
The Bellman, the Snark, and the Biohazard Debate (1984)

Enormous hubbub - as evidenced by this symposium - has greeted the decision by Judge John Sirica, a good year ago now, in Foundation on Economic Trends v. Heckler. There the trial court issued a preliminary injunction prohibiting the release of recombinant DNA into the environment until the National Institutes of Health, under whose auspices the release was to take place, complied with the requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act. That, at least, is how a lawyer would describe the case. The scientific researcher's description of the case would probably be somewhat less complex: A court halted a scientific experiment. Government stood in the way of scientific progress, and that, in the view of the researcher, is simply outrageous. Perhaps the result in Foundation on Economic Trends is indeed outrageous, but outrageous or not, the court's action is at the very least a signal that times have changed.
Improvement patterns among survivors of brain injury:Three case examples documenting the effectiveness of memory compensation strategies (2006)

Three case examples illustrate possible patterns of improved functioning that may emerge as survivors of traumatic brain injury (TBI) attempt compensation for persistent memory deficits impeding independent living. The task selected for report was independence in remembering to take regularly-prescribed medications. Strategies applied to promote learning included use of written reminders and use of two assistive technology (AT) devices-a wristwatch alarm (WatchMinder) and a digital voice recorder and alarm system (Voice Craft ). With participation in the intervention programme, two of the three individuals demonstrated increased independence in remembering to take medications; the third did not. The case examples illustrate varying responses of people with TBI to intervention using compensatory strategies and AT devices. Professionals and caretakers working with survivors must recognize the uniqueness of each survivor, must adjust intervention programmes accordingly and must be willing to persist in trying to increase functional independence repeatedly for many years post-injury.
Evaluation of Cross-Sectional Luminal Morphology in Carotid Atherosclerotic Disease by Use of Spiral CT Angiography (2001)

Noncircular transverse luminal profiles are not uncommon and may introduce error into NASCET calculations obtained from standard angiographic projections.
G20210A prothrombin gene variant and clinical outcome in patients with a first acute coronary syndrome. (2004)

The present prospective study suggests that heterozygosity for the G20210A prothrombin polymorphism adversely affects prognosis after a first acute coronary syndrome in the subgroup of patients without metabolic risk factors and in those not treated by revascularization procedures.
Insight into thin-film stacking modes of π-expanded quinoidal molecules on charge transport property via side-chain engineering (2017)

Control of molecular ordering and packing of π-conjugated molecules in the solid state is crucial for enhancing the charge transport properties in organic electronics.
FIR digital filters with sigma-delta modulated inputs and their implementation (2002)

Consideration is given to a finite impulse response (FIR) digital filter structure in which the input signal is encoded using sigma-delta modulation. This filter structure can be built using simple hardware, and it can accept analog signals directly without an additional analog-to-digital converter. The signal-to-noise ratio of this filter structure due to the encoding/decoding processes is derived. An efficient implementation of this filter is considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stabilization of higher-κ tetragonal HfO2 by SiO2 admixture enabling thermally stable metal-insulator-metal capacitors (2007)

The authors report the relationship between HfO2 crystalline phase and the resulting electrical properties. Crystallization of amorphous HfO2 into the monoclinic phase led to a significant increase in leakage current and formation of local defects. Admixture of 10% SiO2 avoided formation of these defects by stabilization of the tetragonal phase, and concurrently increased the permittivity to 35. This understanding enabled fabrication of crystalline HfO2 based metal-insulator-metal capacitors able to withstand a thermal budget of 1000°C while optimizing capacitance equivalent thickness (&lt;1.3nm) at low leakage [J(1V)&lt;10−7A∕cm2].
Design of a dichroic Cassegrain subreflector (1979)

The design of a dichroic subreflector for a dual-frequency reflector antenna is described. This antenna consists of a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ku</tex> -band Cassegrain feed requiring the subreflector surface to be highly reflective at 13-15 GHz and a primary focus <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> -band feed requiring the subreflector to be transparent at 2.0-2.3 GHz. Such a performance is achieved by a surface of crossed dipoles printed on a dielectric sheet. The influence of parameters, dipole length, width and spacing, and the dielectric constant and thickness of the sheet on the reflection and transmission coefficients is experimentally evaluated. An analysis based upon the Floquent mode theory is shown to correctly predict the experimental results. The construction of a hyperbolic subreflector using the selected surface parameters is briefly described. As compared to a solid subreflector of identical shape, this dichroic subreflector produced a negligible loss (less than 0.1 dB) over a 13-15 GHz band. At the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</tex> band the loss was less than 0.2 dB over narrow selected bands and the axial ratio deterioration was also no more than 0.2 dB.
Evaluation of a Purification Procedure for the Muscarinic Receptor for the Purpose of Quantitative Receptor Assays of Anticholinergics (1995)

The presented purification procedure for the muscarinic receptor from calf striatum includes the extraction of lipids with hexane in the first step and the removal of 39% of non-receptor proteins with 2 M NaCl in the second step. The simplicity of such an approach to the purification of the receptor warrants its use in the routine practice for quantitative purposes. The high affinity binding of tertiary 3H-dexetimide (3H-DEX) and quaternary 3H-N-methylscopolamine (3H-NMS) is preserved after the removal of irrelevant lipids and proteins from the P2-pellet. The overall yield of receptors--80%, when labelled with 3H-NMS, was satisfactory. Moreover, the final product, the NaCl-pellet, exerts a higher density of 3H-NMS binding sites per mg proteins by a factor of about 1.7. The overall yield of receptors and purification factor were lower, when measured with 3H-DEX. The total yield of 3H-DEX binding sites amounted to about 40% and the receptor density per mg protein decreased by a factor of 0.85. We did not succeed in the improvement of the ratio specific/non-specific binding, neither for 3H-DEX nor for 3H-NMS for the purified receptor preparations. The use of 3H-NMS is preferable to 3H-DEX in plasma sample assays because of a negligible effect of plasma on ligand binding when compared with 3H-DEX.
Dependence analysis for subscripted variables and its application to program transformations (1983)

The order in which the statements of a program are executed can affect the execution time of the program. Optimizing compilers have made use of this fact by reordering code to improve its performance on a machine. Some statement orderings are essential to a program's results, however; these orderings form the basis of a dependence relation among the statements of a program.\nDependences can arise in two separate ways within a program: from data considerations, and from control considerations. However, since all control dependences can be converted to data dependences by guarding statements with precise conditions that control their execution, data dependence is the more general concept.\nData dependences within loops can arise from two separate effects. The position of statements within the loops may cause a dependence, or iteration of a specific loop may cause a dependence. Characterizing dependence in this manner provides the foundation of extremely effective algorithms for reordering transformations. One very important reordering transformation which is made possible by dependence is vectorization.\nVectorization of a program can often be enchanced by loop interchange. Dependence plays an important role in determining when loops should be interchanged. Interchange preventing dependences inhibit a particular interchange; interchange sensitive dependences may make an interchange less profitable in terms of increased vectorization.\nDependence for symbolic subscripts is an extremely difficult problem. Nevertheless, some cases can be handled by techniques based on standard dependence tests.\nOne last reordering transformation which is of extreme importance on vector machines is sectioning, or devectorization. Dependence not only determines when a statement can be correctly sectioned but it also can be used to improve the register performance of a sectioned statement.
Magnetic Field Effects on an Abnormal Truncated Glow Discharge and Their Relation to Sputtered Thin-Film Growth (1963)

Superposition of a radially symmetric magnetic quadrupole field onto an abnormal glow discharge operating at E/P of 105 produces an additional ionization region in the negative glow which is not observed in the absence of a magnetic field and which increases the ion current density at the cathode by more than an order of magnitude. Preliminary Langmuir probe measurements show the electric field gradient in this region to be small and an average electron energy of only 0.8 eV. Data are given to show how sputtering ratio measurements in such a system can be correlated to secondary electron emission at the cathode and charge transfer in the Crooks dark space. Ion current density profile measurements across the cathode as well as corresponding cathode erosion and anode deposition profiles are given.