gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Customizing Linux operating system for implementing various services in cloud environment (2014)

A cloud operating system or cloud OS provides an operating system(OS), which can be accessed from anywhere, that has objects and all sorts of resources for normal computing purposes that are deployed in the resource providers, that is the cloud OS provider data center. The cloud operating system provides the environment and feels like normal operating system which can be accessed by either of the two types. One is a simple client system to be installed at the client side as a stand-alone or work alongside another OS, using which the cloud applications can be run at the providers server from the client system. The second method is the need of internet enabled browser, which is just enough to access the operating system located at the server using internet. The model to be implemented is a location free access operating system under Linux platform that can be accessed by a web browser. It is enabled by handling the operating system procedures as html or xml requests and responses. As the workload increases, the performance issue needs to be considered. Performance analysis needs to be associated in parallel along with implementing the components SaaS services like File Splitter, Image Editor and Office Suite, PaaS services like compiler(UTF), Kernel for Scheduling and Kernel for Mutual Exclusion and IaaS services like File Storage, Shared Memory and Shared bandwidth.
Coordinated voltage control of synchronous condensers using wide-area measurements (2016)

This paper proposes a coordinated voltage control of synchronous condensers using wide-area measurements. The control is able to determine a coordinated control scheme of synchronous condensers to maintain stable post-fault voltages. A voltage control model with synchronous condensers has been established using wide-area measurements. By applying Networked predictive control (NPC), the time delay of a wide-area measurement system (WAMS) is compensated, and then, the relation between predicted voltage deviations and a sequence of controls is derived. The solution to the voltage control problem is formulated as a quadratic programming (QP) over a finite horizon. Finally, the proposed coordinated voltage control scheme is obtained by repeated procedures involving prediction of voltage deviations, solution of the QP problem, and step-by-step feedback correction. The New England 39-Bus system is used to validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Antireflection Coatings For Silicon Charge-Coupled Devices (1987)

With the increasing use of charge-coupled devices for astronomical observations, it is vital to obtain the highest quantum efficiency possible due to the limited amount of observing time available on large telescopes. One method of increasing the response of back-illuminated CCDs is to apply antireflection coatings. Because silicon's index of refraction is extremely high in the ultra-violet, a gain of more than 100% in quantum efficiency can be achieved at a wavelength of 0.37 Am with the proper choice of dielectric thin-film materials. We present a study of materials suitable for silicon CCD antireflection coatings for use in the 0.32 to 1.0 Am spectral range. Constraints on these materials, such as refractive index, absorption coefficient, application method, tempera-ture requirements, internal stress, and radioactivity, are discussed. We find hafnium oxide, lead fluoride, and aluminum oxide to be among the most suitable thin-film materials available. We also present a number of single- and multiple-layer antireflection coating designs optimized for CCDs, with particular emphasis on the blue and ultraviolet.
A New Vertical Channel LDMOS (2002)

A new vertical channel LDMOS, which decreases the on-resistance without sacrificing the breakdown voltage, is proposed and verified by numerical simulation. In the proposed vertical channel LDMOS, the channel and the drift region are located in the trench between the source and the drain. The total cell pitch of the proposed device is decreased to 4 μm which is about a half of the conventional LDMOS when the breakdown voltage is 60 V. Simulation results show that the on-resistance is 0.45 mΩ · cm2 for a 60 V breakdown voltage which is very low compared to that of the conventional LDMOS.
High performance carbon nanotube cold cathode for x-ray and UV devices (2018)

We developed high performance cold cathode electron beam fabrication technique with carbon nanotube(CNT) emitters. Properties of CNT emitters and its electron emission characteristics should be compatible with application devices. Xray tubes require very high current with small cathode area and ultraviolet lamps require uniform electron emission on large area. So, we developed novel CNT electron beam with buffer and metal layer for sacrificing for structural rigidity and enhanced conductivity. We applied the novel CNT cold cathode electron beam for UV lamps and x-ray tubes for high performance UV light and x-ray image.
Output Levels of Commercially Available Portable Compact Disc Players and the Potential Risk to Hearing (2004)

Based on measured sound pressure levels across systems and the noise dose model recommended by National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health for protecting the occupational worker, a maximum permissible noise dose would typically be reached within 1 hr of listening with the volume control set to 70% of maximum gain using supra-aural headphones. Using headphones that resulted in boosting the output level (e.g., insert earphones used in this study) would significantly decrease the maximum safe volume control setting; this effect was unpredictable from one manufacturer to another. In the interest of providing a straightforward recommendation that should protect the hearing of the majority of consumers, reasonable guidelines would include a recommendation to limit headphone use to 1 hr or less per day if using supra-aural style headphones at a gain control setting of 60% of maximum.
Effects of Er<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Addition on Final Stage Sintering of Alumina (1980)

アルミナに2.00wt%のEr2O3を添加して, 主に後期段階の焼結性や微構造に与える影響を検討した.1700℃以上で焼成した場合には昇温中にAl2O3-Er2O3間の固相反応が終了し, 生成した3Er2O3・5Al2O3が第2相成分として影響を与えていることが分った. アルミナ単味試料ではコランダムの粒子内に気孔を取り込み, 粒度分布の幅が広がる傾向があったが, Er2O3添加試料では気孔の取り込みの少ない均一な粒径で高密度の焼結体が得られた. これは, 3Er2O3・5Al2O3粒子がコランダムの粒界に存在してコランダムの急激で局部的な粒子成長を抑制するためと考えられた. 粒子成長の機構もアルミナ単味とは異なるものと推定された. また3Er2O3・5Al2O3粒子もコランダムの粒子成長に伴って成長するが, これは主としてEr3+がコランダム粒界を拡散することによるものと考えられ, このようなEr3+の拡散によりコランダム粒界の性質も変化し, 焼結性にも影響するものと考えられた.1760℃で焼成を行うとEr2O3添加試料ではコランダムの異常粒子成長が観察された. この異常粒子成長は, コランダムと3Er2O3・5Al2O3との界面エネルギーが焼成温度によって変化するためであると推察した.
Integrated laser Mach-Zehnder modulator on indium phosphide free of modulated-feedback (2001)

The main problem of integrated laser/Mach-Zehnder modulators is the modulated feedback due to reflections on the output multimode image (MMI). We have solved this problem changing the modulator technology from "deep-ridge" to "shallow-ridge" technology. In that case, the index step seen by the light in the MMI is far lower, then reflections which are nondetectable in optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR) and there is no laser resonance left. This technology also enables a wider bandwidth (thanks to a stronger electrooptic effect) and a higher output power (better coupling between laser and modulator and lower loss of shallow-ridge guides).
Zur Kenntnis des Betulins (1922)

isolierte B e t u l i n ist bisher ziemlich wenig untersucht wordena).Die ersten genaueren Angaben daruber ruhren von
C1 compounds as auxiliary substrate for engineered Pseudomonas putida S12 (2009)

The solvent-tolerant bacterium Pseudomonas putida S12 was engineered to efficiently utilize the C(1) compounds methanol and formaldehyde as auxiliary substrate. The hps and phi genes of Bacillus brevis, encoding two key steps of the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway, were introduced to construct a pathway for the metabolism of the toxic methanol oxidation intermediate formaldehyde. This approach resulted in a remarkably increased biomass yield on the primary substrate glucose when cultured in C-limited chemostats fed with a mixture of glucose and formaldehyde. With increasing relative formaldehyde feed concentrations, the biomass yield increased from 35% (C-mol biomass/C-mol glucose) without formaldehyde to 91% at 60% relative formaldehyde concentration. The RuMP-pathway expressing strain was also capable of growing to higher relative formaldehyde concentrations than the control strain. The presence of an endogenous methanol oxidizing enzyme activity in P. putida S12 allowed the replacement of formaldehyde with the less toxic methanol, resulting in an 84% (C-mol/C-mol) biomass yield. Thus, by introducing two enzymes of the RuMP pathway, co-utilization of the cheap and renewable substrate methanol was achieved, making an important contribution to the efficient use of P. putida S12 as a bioconversion platform host.
The molecular architecture of the sar locus in Staphylococcus aureus (1996)

The global regulator sar in Staphylococcus aureus controls the synthesis of a variety of cell wall and extracellular proteins, many of which are putative virulence factors. The sar locus in strain RN6390 contains a 339-bp open reading frame (sarA) and an 860-bp upstream region. Transcriptional analyses of this locus revealed three different transcripts of 0.58, 0.84, and 1.15 kb (designated sarA, sarC, and sarB, respectively). All three transcripts seemed to be under temporal, growth cycle-dependent regulation, with sarA and sarB being most abundant in early log phase and the sarC concentration being highest toward the late stationary phase. Mapping of the 5' ends of the sar transcripts by primer extension and modified S1 nuclease protection assays demonstrated that transcription is initiated from three separate, widely spaced promoters. The 3' ends of all three sar transcripts are identical, and transcriptional termination occurs upstream of a typical prokaryotic poly(T) termination signal. Northern (RNA) analysis of sar mutant clones containing plasmids that comprised various promoters and the termination signal revealed that individual transcripts can be generated from each of the three promoters, thus suggesting possible activation as independent promoters. The multipromoter system, from which transcription is initiated, bears conserved features for recognition by homologous sigma 70 transcription factors and also by those expressed in the general stress response. Downstream of the two distal promoters (P3 and P2) are two regions potentially encoding short peptides. It is conceivable that posttranslational cooperation between these short peptides and the sarA gene product occurs to modulate sar-related functions. Complementation studies of a sar mutant with a clone expressing all three sar transcripts showed that this clone was able to restore the sar wild-type phenotype to the sar mutant.
Altered thermal hyperaemia in human skin by prior desensitization of neurokinin-1 receptors (2011)

The neuropeptides substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide are believed to be involved in the axon reflex-mediated component of cutaneous thermal hyperaemia, but no studies have specifically addressed this issue. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neurokinin-1 receptors, which preferentially bind SP, contribute to the axon reflex component of cutaneous thermal hyperaemia. Nine subjects were equipped with four microdialysis fibres, and each fibre received one of the following four treatments: (1) lactated Ringer's solution (control); (2) 10 mml-NAME to inhibit nitric oxide synthase; (3) 10 μm SP; or (4) 10 μm SP + 10 mml-NAME. Skin blood flow was monitored via laser-Doppler flowmetry, and local skin temperature was controlled using local heating devices. Sites 3 and 4 were perfused with 10 μm SP for 15 min at a rate of 4 μl min(-1), and the ensuing vasodilatation was allowed to return to baseline. Following SP-induced vasodilatation, all skin sites were locally heated from a baseline temperature of 33°C to 42°C at a rate of 0.5°C every 5 s. Cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC) was calculated as skin blood flow/mean arterial pressure and normalized to the maximal value (%CVC(max)) via 28 mm nitroprusside and local heating to 43°C. The initial peak did not differ between control (79 ± 3%CVC(max)) and SP-only sites (79 ± 2%CVC(max)). The initial peaks at the l-NAME (43 ± 3%CVC(max)) and SP + l-NAME sites (53 ± 3%CVC(max)) were significantly reduced compared with both the control and the SP-only sites (P < 0.001 for both), and l-NAME sites were attenuated compared with SP + l-NAME sites (P < 0.01). There was no observable nadir response at sites pretreated with SP. Compared with control sites (57 ± 4%CVC(max)), the nadirs at the l-NAME (14 ± 2%CVC(max)) and the SP + l-NAME sites (31 ± 5%CVC(max)) were significantly reduced (P < 0.01 for all conditions). l-NAME significantly reduced the nadir compared with SP + l-NAME (P < 0.01). Plateau CVC values did not differ between control (86 ± 3%CVC(max)) and SP sites (91 ± 1%CVC(max)). At l-NAME (36 ± 4%CVC(max)) and SP +l-NAME sites (56 ± 6%CVC(max)), plateau CVC was significantly reduced compared with control and SP-only sites (P < 0.01 for all conditions). The plateau at l-NAME sites was significantly reduced compared with SP + l-NAME sites (P < 0.01). These data suggest that neurokinin-1 receptors contribute to both the axon reflex component and the secondary plateau phase of cutaneous thermal hyperaemia.
Natural Variation in the Microcystin Synthetase Operon <i>mcyABC</i> and Impact on Microcystin Production in <i>Microcystis</i> Strains (2003)

Toxic Microcystis strains often produce several isoforms of the cyclic hepatotoxin microcystin, and more than 65 isoforms are known. This has been attributed to relaxed substrate specificity of the adenylation domain. Our results show that in addition to this, variability is also caused by genetic variation in the microcystin synthetase genes. Genetic characterization of a region of the adenylation domain in module mcyB1 resulted in identification of two groups of genetic variants in closely related Microcystis strains. Sequence analyses suggested that the genetic variation is due to recombination events between mcyB1 and the corresponding domains in mcyC. Each variant could be correlated to a particular microcystin isoform profile, as identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Among the Microcystis species studied, we found 11 strains containing different variants of the mcyABC gene cluster and 7 strains lacking the genes. Furthermore, there is no concordance between the phylogenies generated with mcyB1, 16S ribosomal DNA, and DNA fingerprinting. Collectively, these results suggest that recombination between imperfect repeats, gene loss, and horizontal gene transfer can explain the distribution and variation within the mcyABC operon.
Zero-current switching switched-capacitor quasiresonant step-down converter (2002)

Current stress is usually high for conventional switched-capacitor converter circuits, because of short-circuiting when charging up the capacitors. In this paper, two zero-current switching switched-capacitor resonant step-down converter families are presented which can improve the current stress problem. They are able to provide 1/2 to 1/n, and −1 to −1/n conversion ratios respectively by using only two switches. Principles of operation, computer simulation and experimental results of the proposed converters are presented. The measured efficiency is high and all parts of the circuits are under zero-current switching conditions.
Unexpected Events Induce Motor Slowing via a Brain Mechanism for Action-Stopping with Global Suppressive Effects (2013)

When an unexpected event occurs in everyday life (e.g., a car honking), one experiences a slowing down of ongoing action (e.g., of walking into the street). Motor slowing following unexpected events is a ubiquitous phenomenon, both in laboratory experiments as well as such everyday situations, yet the underlying mechanism is unknown. We hypothesized that unexpected events recruit the same inhibition network in the brain as does complete cancellation of an action (i.e., action-stopping). Using electroencephalography and independent component analysis in humans, we show that a brain signature of successful outright action-stopping also exhibits activity following unexpected events, and more so in blocks with greater motor slowing. Further, using transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure corticospinal excitability, we show that an unexpected event has a global motor suppressive effect, just like outright action-stopping. Thus, unexpected events recruit a common mechanism with outright action-stopping, moreover with global suppressive effects. These findings imply that we can now leverage the considerable extant knowledge of the neural architecture and functional properties of the stopping system to better understand the processing of unexpected events, including perhaps how they induce distraction via global suppression.
Estimation of the number of sources in unbalanced arrays via information theoretic criteria (2005)

Estimating the number of sources impinging on an array of sensors is a well-known and well-investigated problem. A common approach for solving this problem is to use an information theoretic criterion, such as Minimum Description Length (MDL) or the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The MDL estimator is known to be a consistent estimator, robust against deviations from the Gaussian assumption, and nonrobust against deviations from the point source and/or temporally or spatially white additive noise assumptions. Over the years, several alternative estimation algorithms have been proposed and tested. Usually, these algorithms are shown, using computer simulations, to have improved performance over the MDL estimator and to be robust against deviations from the assumed spatial model. Nevertheless, these robust algorithms have high computational complexity, requiring several multidimensional searches. In this paper, which is motivated by real-life problems, a systematic approach toward the problem of robust estimation of the number of sources using information theoretic criteria is taken. An MDL-type estimator that is robust against deviation from assumption of equal noise level across the array is studied. The consistency of this estimator, even when deviations from the equal noise level assumption occur, is proven. A novel low-complexity implementation method avoiding the need for multidimensional searches is presented as well, making this estimator a favorable choice for practical applications.
The Southern Corn Leaf Blight Epidemic (1971)

A dramatic shift in the genetics of host-parasite interaction and balance occurred in the U.S. corn crop in the 1970 growing season. Southern corn leaf blight incited by Helminthosporium maydis Nisikado & Miyake evolved from a minor disease that causes an average annual loss of less than 1 percent, to one that caused more than the 12 percent average expected from all diseases of corn in the United States. In 1970 the losses to corn leaf blight approaches 710 million bushels. Reserves of corn and other grains ease the impact on the economy and food supplies but there are important domestic and foreign effects of the loss. The epidemic illustrates the vulnerability of our food crops to pests. Sources of genetic resistance to the new race of Helminthosporium maydis are available. The seed industry estimates that for 1971 enough resistant and partially resistant seed to plant about one-half of the crop may be available. Adequate supplies are expected in 1972. Sustained research programs are essential in protecting our food supplies from potential losses of catastrophe magnitude. Several professional groups, including the American Phytopathological Society and the Entomological Society of America, have urged that a program and facilities be established for the study of exotic pests that threaten our agriculture so that controls may be found before the pests are here. Such a program would be desirable but covers only one aspect of the problem. What is really needed is an overall strengthening of research on crop pests.
Recommending resolutions for problems identified by monitoring (2013)

Service Providers are facing an increasingly intense competitive landscape and growing industry requirements. Modern service infrastructure management focuses on the development of methodologies and tools for improving the efficiency and quality of service. It is desirable to run a service in a fully automated operation environment. Automated problem resolution, however, is difficult. It is particularly difficult for the weakly-coupled service composition, since the coupling is not defined at design time. Monitoring software systems are designed to actively capture events and automatically generate incident tickets or event tickets. Repeating events generate similar event tickets, which in turn have a vast number of repeated problem resolutions likely to be found in earlier tickets. We apply a recommendation systems approach to resolution of event tickets. In addition, we extend the recommendation methodology to take into account possible falsity of some of the tickets. The paper presents an analysis of the historical event tickets from a large service provider and proposes two resolution-recommendation algorithms for event tickets utilizing historical tickets. The recommendation algorithms take into account false positives often generated by monitoring systems. An additional penalty is incorporated in the algorithms to control the number of misleading resolutions in the recommendation results. An extensive empirical evaluation on three ticket data sets demonstrates that our proposed algorithms achieve a high accuracy with a small percentage of misleading results. I.
Proximal Tibial Osteotomy. A Subjective Outcome Study*† (1996)

We performed a retrospective study of the results of proximal tibial osteotomy in thirty-four men (thirty-seven knees) who had had unicompartmental osteoarthrosis of the knee. The average age of the patients at the time of the procedure was forty-nine years (range, twenty-eight to sixty years). The functional results were evaluated according to the system of Tegner and Lysholm, in which the level of participation in work and sports activities is graded on a scale from 0 points (complete disability) to 10 points (the ability to participate in competitive sports at the elite professional level). The average functional score was 5.4 points (range, 2 to 8 points) preoperatively and 4.8 points (range, 1 to 8 points) postoperatively. Postoperatively, many of the patients were able to participate in activities, such as running and jumping, that can lead to damage of the components of a total knee arthroplasty. Twenty-eight (82 per cent) of the thirty-four patients stated that the results had met their expectations and that they would have the operation again given the same situation.
Real-Time Video Face Recognition for Embedded Devices (2011)

This chapter will address the challenges of real-time video face recognition systems implemented in embedded devices. Topics to be covered include: the importance and challenges of video face recognition in real life scenarios, describing a general architecture of a generic video face recognition system and a working solution suitable for recognizing faces in real-time using low complexity devices. Each component of the system will be described together with the system's performance on a database of video samples that resembles real life conditions.