gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fiber Optic Magnetic Sensor Development (1987)

We review the development of magnetic sensors based on fiber optic technology including magnetostrictive and Faraday rotation sensors. Magnetostrictive sensors utilize fiber interferometers to measure the field-induced change in length of a transducing material. in Faraday rotation sensors, an external magnetic field causes a rotation of linearly polarized light propagating in the fiber itself. The working principles, advantages, and limitations of each technique are presented and current research and development efforts are summarized.
Options in Speed Tracking Control for Automotive Testing (2012)

This paper first describes the nature of the automotive speed control problem, noting some facets of this problem unique to the test environment. A number of control strategies were then compared and evaluated for their suitability in this application. These strategies include several types of proportional-integral-derivative controllers, a zero-phase error tracking controller, fuzzy logic, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and select combinations of these methods. This paper is chiefly a theoretical study intended to direct future research, but experimental results are shown for three of the seven methods described. The testing hardware is described in the final section. Overview of control problem Automated and autonomous control is a rapidly expanding area in automotive vehicle dynamics testing. Standard testing routines require accurate and repeatable driver inputs to ensure the validity of results. Many tests involve brake and throttle control in some form: open-loop throttle or brake commands, or the tracking of a specified speed or acceleration profile. “Openloop vehicle control” is actually closed-loop actuator control, the inner control loop in Fig. 1; the controller is concerned only with pedal position and not vehicle speed or acceleration. This application is fairly trivial, assuming the actuator has bandwidth sufficient for the intended tests. In the experience of the authors, one set of actuator control gains works well over a wide range of vehicles. Vehicles have some differences in pedal effort, but ergonomic constraints and industry standards minimize these differences.
Industrial mycology and the new genetics (1995)

The genetic investigation of fungi has been extended substantially by DNA-mediated transformation, providing a supplement to more conventional genetic approaches based upon sexual and parasexual processes. Initial transformation studies with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae provided the model for transformation systems in other fungi with regard to methodology, vector construction and selection strategies. There are, however, certain differences between S. cerevisiae and filamentous fungi with regard to type of genomic insertion and the availability of shuttle vectors. Single-site linked insertions are common in yeast due to the high level of homology required for recombination between vectored and genomic sequences, whereas mycelial fungi often show a high frequency of heterologous and unlinked insertions, often in the form of random and multiple-site integrations. While extrachromosomally-maintained or replicative vectors are readily available for use with yeasts, such vectors have been difficult to construct for use with filamentous fungi. The development of vectors for replicative transformation with these fungi awaits further study. It is proposed that replicative vectors may be inherently less efficient for use with mycelial fungi relative to yeasts, since the mycelium, as an extended and semicontinuous network of cells, may delimit an adequate diffusion of the vector carrying the selectable gene, thus leading to a high frequency of abortive or unstable transformants.
Concurrent liability in tort and contract (1987)

One of the most important questions involving professional liability is the extent to which a contractual client alleging lack of care and skill is able to sue in the tort of negligence besides any action for breach of the contract itself. In recent years this notion of concurrent liability seems to have gained almost universal acceptance among the English judiciary. However, as the following discussion will show, there is increasing evidence of dissatisfaction with the imposition of such a dual burden. This paper considers the policy arguments for and against concurrent liability, explains the significance of the issue in relation to limitation periods, measure of damages and contributory liability, and assesses the impact of the most recent cases upon the professional's position.
Increased circulating <scp>L</scp>in<sup>−/low</sup><scp>CD</scp>33<sup>+</sup><scp>HLA‐DR</scp><sup>−</sup> myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in hepatocellular carcinoma patients (2013)

Our study provides evidence showing an increased population of Lin(-/low) CD33(+) HLA-DR(-) MDSC in the peripheral blood of HCC patients. Our data also suggest that MMP-13 and COX-2 in PBMC may play a new important role companied with MDSC in HCC patients.
Radiation safety program for the cardiac catheterization laboratory (2011)

The Society of Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions present a practical approach to assist cardiac catheterization laboratories in establishing a radiation safety program. The importance of this program is emphasized by the appropriate concerns for the increasing use of ionizing radiation in medical imaging, and its potential adverse effects. An overview of the assessment of radiation dose is provided with a review of basic terminology for dose management. The components of a radiation safety program include essential personnel, radiation monitoring, protective shielding, imaging equipment, and training/education. A procedure based review of radiation dose management is described including pre-procedure, procedure and post-procedure best practice recommendations. Specific radiation safety considerations are discussed including women and fluoroscopic procedures as well as patients with congenital and structural heart disease.
Structure and Assembly of Designed β-Hairpin Peptides in Crystals as Models for β-Sheet Aggregation<sup>,</sup> (2004)

De novo designed beta-hairpin peptides have generally been recalcitrant to crystallization. The crystal structures of four synthetic peptide beta-hairpins, Boc-Leu-Val-Val-DPro-Gly-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (1), Boc-Leu-Phe-Val-DPro-Ala-Leu-Phe-Val-OMe (2), Boc-Leu-Val-Val-DPro-Aib-Leu-Val-Val-OMe (3), and Boc-Met-Leu-Phe-Val-DPro-Ala-Leu-Val-Val-Phe-OMe (4), are described. The centrally positioned DPro-Xxx segment promotes prime beta-turn formation, thereby nucleating beta-hairpin structures. In all four peptides well-defined beta-hairpins nucleated by central type II' DPro-Xxx beta-turns have been characterized by X-ray diffraction, providing a view of eight crystallographically independent hairpins. In peptides 1-3 three intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilized the observed beta-hairpin, with some fraying of the structures at the termini. In peptide 4, four intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilized the hairpin. Peptides 1-4 reveal common features of packing of beta-hairpins into crystals. Two-dimensional sheet formation mediated by intermolecular hydrogen bonds formed between antiparallel strands of adjacent molecule is a recurrent theme. The packing of two-dimensional sheets into the crystals is mediated in the third dimension by bridging solvents and interactions of projecting side chains, which are oriented on either face of the sheet. In all cases, solvation of the central DPro-Xxx peptide unit beta-turn is observed. The hairpins formed in the octapeptides are significantly buckled as compared to the larger hairpin in peptide 4, which is much flatter. The crystal structures provide insights into the possible modes of beta-sheet packing in regular crystalline arrays, which may provide a starting point for understanding beta-sandwich and cross-beta-structures in amyloid fibrils.
C−(Halide) Oxidative Addition Routes to Ruthenium Carbenes (1999)

Ru(H)(2)(H(2))(2)L(2) (L = PCy(3)) reacts with CHRCl(2) (R = H, Ph) to give Ru(CHR)Cl(2)L(2) and H(2). Using Cl(2)C=CH(2) as the gem-dihalide gives Ru(CHCH(3))Cl(2)L(2), due to hydrogenation of the C=C bond of the presumed vinylidene primary product by released H(2). Released H(2) also reacts with Ru(CHR)Cl(2)L(2) (R = H, Ph) to give H(3)CR, HCl and RuHCl(H(2))L(2). This undesirability of H(2) as a coproduct can be diminished by using Ru(H)(2)(N(2))(2)L(2) as the reagent, giving Ru(CHR)Cl(2)L(2) and 1H(2) and 2N(2) as products. Reaction of Ru(H)(2)(N(2))(2)L(2) with Cl(2)CHEt gives RuCl(2)(CHEt)L(2) and RuHCl(N(2))L(2), the latter apparently by competitive beta-H migration from an intermediate RuHCl(CHClEt)L(2) species. When Ru(H)(2)(N(2))(2)L(2) is reacted with the monochloride PhCH(2)Cl, the primary product RuCl(CH(2)Ph)(H(2))L(2) slowly (hours) evolves further to give RuHCl(N(2))L(2) and PhCH(3). Reaction of Ru(H)(2)(N(2))(2)L(2) with C(6)F(6), BrHC=CHPh, and CH(3)I give RuHX(N(2))L(2) (X = F, Br, I, respectively). The N(2) ligand in RuHCl(N(2))L(2) can be displaced by H(2) and by CO, while H(2) converts RuHF(N(2))L(2) to Ru(H)(2)(H(2))(2)L(2) and HF.
Kinetics of the Transfer of Ubiquitin from UbcH7 to E6AP (2009)

Prior to substrate ubiquitination by HECT-E3 ligases, ubiquitin must first be activated by E1 and then transferred via a series of transthiolation reactions from E1 to E2 and from E2 to E3. We have measured the rate constants and binding affinities underlying the transfer of ubiquitin from E2 UbcH7 to the HECT domain of E3 E6AP. We show that charged UbcH7 and free UbcH7 bind E6AP with similar affinities and that at 37 degrees C the second-order rate constant for the reaction (k(cat)/K(m)) equals approximately 2.3 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1). The measured parameters place limits on substrate-E6AP binding lifetimes required for processive polyubiquitination.
Hyperthermophilic and Methanogenic Archaea in Oil Fields (2014)

The origin of microorganisms in oil reservoirs has been the subject of much interest in the last decades; scientists have provided evidence of active microbial communities in situ since the 1920s. Members of the genus Archaeoglobus are hyperthermophiles and obtain energy by reducing oxidized sulfur compounds to H2S. Archaeoglobus species, because of their ability to reduce sulfate, may be important contributors of biogenic H2S generation in high-temperature oil fields. A number of pure cultures of methanogenic Archaea classified in different taxonomic groups have been isolated from oil deposits. Isolation of methanogens has been successful from slightly saline to saline oil well waters in the mesophilic range of temperatures. The parallel analysis of high-temperature enrichment cultures from the formation waters of four oil fields showed that contrary to the Thermococcales, none of the methanogens recovered from the culture-independent analysis were obtained in cultures. Low-temperature oil reservoirs have been explored to a lesser extent than high-temperature ones. A study reported few 16S rRNA sequences affiliated with a limited number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria belonging to the genera Arcobacter, Thiomicrospira, and Oceanospirillum. Laboratory experiments have shown that thermophilic sulfate reducers are able to grow on unidentified components of crude oil.
First X-Ray Study on Orientation of Addition of Phosphorus Compounds to 3-<i>O</i>-Alkyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-6-<i>C</i>-nitro-α-<scp>d</scp>-<i>xylo</i>-hexo-5-(<i>Z</i>)-enofuranoses (1987)

Abstract Stereochemical control of the addition of phosphorus compounds to 3-O-alkyl-5,6-dideoxy-1,2-O-isopropylidene-6-C-nitro-α-d-xylo-hexo-5-(Z)-enofuranoses was first investigated by X-ray crystallographic analysis of the adduct.
Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Ubiquitination (2005)

Ubiquitin is important for the release of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and several other retroviruses, but the functional significance of Gag ubiquitination is unknown. To address this problem, we decided to analyze Gag ubiquitination in detail. A low percentage of the HIV-1 p6 protein has previously been shown to be ubiquitinated, and published mutagenesis data suggested that Gag ubiquitination is largely lost upon mutation of the two lysine residues in p6. In this study, we show that Gag proteins lacking the p6 domain or the two lysine residues within p6 are ubiquitinated at levels comparable to those of the wild-type Gag protein. We detected monoubiquitinated forms of the matrix (MA), capsid (CA), and nucleocapsid (NC) proteins in mature virus preparations. Protease digestion of Gag polyproteins extracted from immature virions indicated that ubiquitinated MA, CA, and possibly NC are as abundant as ubiquitinated p6. The HIV-1 late-domain motifs PTAP and LRSLF were not required for Gag ubiquitination, and mutation of the PTAP motif even resulted in an increase in the amount of Gag-Ub conjugates detected. Finally, at steady state, ubiquitinated Gag proteins were not enriched in either membrane-associated or virus-derived Gag fractions. In summary, these results indicate that HIV-1 Gag can be monoubiquitinated in all domains and that ubiquitination of lysine residues outside p6 may thus contribute to viral release and/or infectivity.
Genetic Evidence for the Expression of ATP- and GTP-specific Succinyl-CoA Synthetases in Multicellular Eucaryotes (1998)

Highly ATP- and GTP-specific isoforms of succinyl-CoA synthetase in pigeon incorporate the same alpha-subunit, but different beta-subunits (Johnson, J. D., Muhonen, W. W., and Lambeth, D. O. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 27573-27579). The sequences of the mature subunits were determined by methods based on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The 306-residue mature alpha-subunit in pigeon shows >88% identity to its homologues in pig and rat. The sequences of the mature ATP- and GTP-specific beta-subunits (A-beta and G-beta, respectively) in pigeon are 54% identical. These sequences were used to identify expressed sequence tags for human and mouse that were highly homologous to G-beta and A-beta, respectively. The sequences for mature A-beta and G-beta in mouse and human were completed and verified by polymerase chain reaction. The sequence of A-beta in pig was also obtained. The mammalian A-beta sequences show >89% identity to each other; the G-beta sequences are similarly related. However, pairwise comparisons of the A-beta and G-beta sequences revealed <53% identity. Alignment with two sequences of the beta-subunit in Caenorhabditis elegans suggests that the A-beta and G-beta genes arose by duplication early in the evolution of multicellular eucaryotes. The expression of A-beta is strong in numerous mouse and human tissues, which suggests that ATP-specific succinyl-CoA synthetase also plays an important role in species throughout the animal kingdom.
Effect of Electric Field on Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Etching (1995)

Recent studies of etching technology using plasma indicate that serious problems are induced by a charge build-up. The charge build-up causes radiation damage and distortion of etched profiles. These problems are induced by a non-neutrality of charge supply to the surface. By controlling the electric potential of surface material with a dc power supply, dependences of damage and pattern distortions on charge-up are investigated. Keeping the net current to the wafer zero is effective for reducing the radiation damage. The profile distortions occur due to the potential difference between mask and etched material. The profile is improved by setting the applied dc potential equal to floating potential.
Morphologic Accuracy in Differentiating Primary Lung Adenocarcinoma From Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Cytology Specimens (2016)

-Lung ADC can accurately be distinguished from squamous cell carcinoma by morphology in cytologic specimens with excellent interobserver concordance across multiple institutions and levels of cytology experience.
Ethanol in brazil: Brief summary of the state of industry in 1977 (1979)

Abstract This paper presents a summary of present agricultural production of ethanol in Brazil. The highlights of the national program instituted in 1975 to increase production with the aim of extending automotive gasoline are described. Process descriptions are given for present plants for both cane sugar and manioc root fermentation routes.
Genotype and Water Limitation Effects on Transpiration Efficiency in Sorghum (2000)

Summary Sorghum is grown in many parts of the semi-arid tropics in environments where water limitation is common. Recent studies have identified genetic variation in transpiration efficiency (TE) in sorghum under well-watered conditions. Crop simulation studies suggest that improvement in TE in sorghum could have considerable payoff in many water-limited environments. The objectives of this study were to examine the variation in TE for a range of sorghum genotypes grown under well watered and water limited conditions, and to seek selection indices for this trait by measuring a range of associated physiological and morphological attributes. A glasshouse study was conducted with 17 genotypes grown under well-watered (WW) or water-limited (WL) conditions. Plants were grown in mini-lysimeters and water use and biomass production were measured. A range of other attributes were measured at plant and leaf level. Genotypes varied significantly in TE (highest about 50% greater than lowest) and TE was about 10% greater under WL. There was no interaction among genotype and water treatments. TE correlated well with transpiration per unit leaf area, which is a plant scale index of conductance. Leaf level measurements supported the association of TE with conductance. The best indicators of variation in TE were leaf C concentration and leaf ash, which offer promise as an avenue for development of a selection index. The mechanism underlying this association, however, remains unclear. Before TE can be used actively in a breeding program, field studies are required to confirm these findings from glasshouse studies and more robust selection indices are needed.
Esterification Processes and Equipment (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsterification Processes and EquipmentD. B. KeyesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1932, 24, 10, 1096–1103Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50274a003RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1975Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
유아의 사회지능과 부모 배경 변인과의 관계 (2008)

본 연구는 부모의 경제수준, 학력 그리고 부모의 양육태도가 유아의 사회지능에 미치는 영향이 어떠한지를 실증적으로 확인하고자 한 연구이다. 이를 위해 경기도 B시에 위치한 5개의 어린이집에 다니는 만 3, 4, 5세 유아 237명과 그들의 교사 25명과 부모 237명을 대상으로 하였다. 그 결과 부모의 경제적 수준은 유아의...
A 64Mb SRAM in 22nm SOI technology featuring fine-granularity power gating and low-energy power-supply-partition techniques for 37% leakage reduction (2013)

A 64Mb SRAM is fabricated in a 22nm high-performance SOI technology [1]. The ever-increasing integration needs of complex SoC are driving the reduction of SRAM leakage power and increase in memory density. While the area and leakage power benefits of eDRAM continue to be leveraged in applications with large contiguous memory blocks [2], SRAM leakage remains a significant portion of the total SoC power. This work describes an SRAM that is optimized for leakage and performance as top priorities over density. The SRAM features a new bitcell (BC) implemented with a fine-granularity power-gating (FGPG) technique to reduce BC leakage by 37%. FGPG improves leakage reduction by 2× compared to bank-based power-gating (PG) techniques [3-4]. Periphery leakage is also reduced by 40% from the previous design [5] with a low-energy power-supply-partition design that leverages higher V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> devices operating at a higher supply voltage. This scheme alone provides an 8% improvement in performance with a small compromise to the AC power.
Roleof Picornaviruses in Flu-Like Illnesses of Adults Enrolled in anOseltamivir Treatment Study Who Had No Evidence of Influenza VirusInfection (2002)

The primary objective of this study was to determine the role of picornavirus in flu-like episodes (temperature of > or =38.0 degrees C plus one respiratory and one constitutional symptom) among otherwise healthy adults enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized oseltamivir treatment study. Combined nasal and pharyngeal swabs were collected at baseline for influenza cultures and picornavirus reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. In addition, acute- and convalescent-serum samples were obtained for serological studies of common respiratory pathogens. From a total of 719 subjects enrolled in the clinical trial within 36 h of the onset of symptoms, 475 (66%) had evidence of recent influenza A or B virus infections by means of culture and/or serological testing. Of the 244 remaining patients, 36 (15%) presented a seroconversion for at least one of the common respiratory viruses or atypical pathogens. An RT-PCR assay for the picornavirus 5" noncoding region (NCR) was positive in a subset of 15 (19%) of 78 patients with flu-like illnesses of undetermined etiology. Sequence analysis of the picornavirus 5" NCR amplicons revealed that 14 (93%) of them had greater homology to rhinoviruses, whereas 1 (7%) was related to enteroviruses. Interestingly, median total symptom scores and oral temperatures of picornavirus-positive patients (n = 15) and placebo-treated influenza virus-positive patients (n = 161) were similar over a 3-week period. We conclude that, among the influenza virus-negative preselected cases of this study, rhinoviruses were relatively frequent pathogens associated with important respiratory and systemic symptoms.
Logistical inventory approach in forecasting and relocating share-use vehicles (2010)

This research involves a study of the existing carsharing services in Singapore. In this paper, a novel method to forecast and relocate vehicle resources for carsharing services was proposed. The idea is adapted from a model of logistical inventory management. The proposed model consists of three main components, i.e., focus forecasting, inventory replenishing, and microscopic traffic simulation. Based on the experimental results, the proposed method has the potential to improve the carsharing service currently operating in Singapore.