gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicology of indigo. A review. (1987)

Most reports relating to the biological and toxicological properties of indigo have never been published in scientific journals. They are in the files of commercial testing laboratories, government agencies or sponsoring industrial corporations. They include studies of acute oral, dermal and inhalation toxicity, subchronic and chronic dietary effects in the rat and dog, multi-generation and dose-response effects, repeated dermal applications, human skin sensitization, and end-use in surgical sutures for the eye. This review summarizes the experimental protocols and results of these studies and others reported in the literature. It is concluded that indigo has a very low order of both acute and chronic toxicity.
Electrospray sample preparation for improved quantitation in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (1997)

The goal of this work is the development of a rapid and objective matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) method for the quantitation of peptides and proteins in human plasma suitable for use in the Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) environment, where the analytical method, validation and pharmacokinetic parameters derived from concentration data will be scrutinized by global regulatory agencies. Electrospray deposition has traditionally been used to prepare thin, uniform samples for a number of techniques, including Cf-252 plasma desorption and secondary ion mass spectrometry. Here the electrospray process of sample application is used to reduce the segregation of analyte from matrix during the sample drying step. The small droplets formed during the electrospray process are found to significantly improve the homogeneity of the sample surface prepared. Experiments comparing the traditional air dried and electrosprayed methods of sample preparation show that the increase in sample homogeneity from electrosprayed samples decreases both the within-sample spot and between-sample spot variability, resulting in a decrease in percent coefficient of variation (%CV) for the recorded MALDI mass spectra. The increase in sample homogeneity permits a more objective use of MALDI-TOFMS as a quantitative analytical method and has led to the development of an assay for the determination of desamino-[8-d-arginine] vasopressin (DDAVP) using arginine vasopressin (AVP) as internal standard in human plasma. The range of quantitation observed (2.0–10 μ/mL) is of limited value for bioanalytical application; however, the analysis of neat standards shows lower quantitation limits are easily achieved. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of Thiourea and Some of its Derivatives on the Corrosion Behaviour of Nickel in 50% v/v (5·6M) Hydrochloric Acid (1979)

The corrosion rate of commercial grade, coid-rolled nickel in 50%v/v (5·6 M) hydrochloric acid, with and without the presence of thiourea or one of several of its derivatives, has been studied by gravimetric and electrochemical methods over the temperature range, 23–79°c. All the compounds exhibited some ability to inhibit corrosion but, with the exception of sym di-o-tolyl thiourea, they also enhanced corrosion at lower concentrations. The concentration range producing corrosion stimulation increased with increasing temperature and only o-tolyl thiourea and sym di-isopropyl thiourea were capable of maintaining an efficiency of ∼90% inhibition over the full temperature range. For nickel dissolving in uninhibited acid, the Arrhenius relationship was linear and yielded a value of 68·2 ± 3·3 kJ/mol for the activation energy. For acid containing low and medium concentrations of inhibitor. a high proportion of the A rrhenius plots exhibited a change in gradient, reflecting a change in mechanism. Only at high concentration of a high-efficiency inhibitor was the linear relationship restored over the complete temperature range. There was no evidence of conformity with the Langmuir or Freundlich adsorption isothermsfor the inhibition process.
Metal complexes of buckminsterfullerene (C60) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal complexes of buckminsterfullerene (C60)Paul J. Fagan, Joseph C. Calabrese, and Brian MaloneCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1992, 25, 3, 134–142Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00015a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00015a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1275Altmetric-Citations342LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual-junction single-photon avalanche diode (2007)

A new Geiger-mode single-photon detector, consisting of two p–n junctions, is presented. Owing the junctions' placement and depth, the device achieves high fill-factors with an extended spectral response. The device makes it possible, for the first time, to integrate dual-colour single-photon counting in a single pixel, as desirable in cross-correlation fluorescence experiments.
The Acetocarmine Smear Technic (1947)

The acetocannine smear technic is described primarily for beginners. An effort was made to bring together into one paper the work-a-day details to be followed in collecting specimens and making preparations of plant chromosomes at prophase, of condensed chromosomes at meiosis and mitosis (including mitosis in microspores), and of coiled chromonemata. A schedule for converting temporary slides into permanent mounts is given, and a technic for making smears of the chromosomes in the salivary glands of Drosophila is described.
Exploitable Characteristics of Neophobia and Food Aversions for Improvements in Rodent and Bird Control (1983)

Rodent and bird pests display a variety of behavioral defenses against dietary poisoning that could be exploited for improvement in control. Such defenses include neophobia, primary food aversion, and learned food aversion. Particularly with pest birds, social learning can also facilitate the transfer of learned aversions. With the rodents studied, taste appears critical for the defensive behaviors, whereas, with birds, visual or visual/taste cues appear more important. With pest rodents, objective assessments of taste properties of rodenticides and baits could lead to improved formulations and methodology for objectively evaluating masking agents, microencapsulation, and prebaits. Assessment of the potential of a rodenticide as an unconditioned stimulus in food aversion learning, of the bait as a conditioned stimulus, and of other attributes such as generalization of learned aversions and conditioned stimulus/unconditioned stimulus intervals could lead to improved baits, baiting systems, and repellents. Weaknesses in the behaviors (for example, continuation of grooming in the presence of the defenses) might also be further exploited in rodent control. With pest birds, Batesian mimicry probably offers advantages over food aversion learning as the conceptual basis of repellency. Use of visual cues with repellents such as methiocarb might improve aversion learning. Differential responses of the common chemical sense in birds and mammals to some compounds (such as dimethyl anthranilate) might also be used to advantage in some control situations.
Mechanochemistry as an emerging tool for molecular synthesis: what can it offer? (2018)

Mechanochemistry is becoming more widespread as a technique for molecular synthesis with new mechanochemical reactions being discovered at increasing frequency. Whilst mechanochemical methods are solvent free and can therefore lead to improved sustainability metrics, it is more likely that the significant differences between reaction outcomes, reaction selectivities and reduced reaction times will make it a technique of interest to synthetic chemists. Herein, we provide an overview of mechanochemistry reaction examples, with 'direct' comparators to solvent based reactions, which collectively seemingly show that solid state grinding can lead to reduced reaction times, different reaction outcomes in product selectivity and in some instances different reaction products, including products not accessible in solution.
A densitometric analysis of web template content (2009)

What makes template content in the Web so special that we need to remove it? In this paper I present a large-scale aggregate analysis of textual Web content, corroborating statistical laws from the field of Quantitative Linguistics. I analyze the idiosyncrasy of template content compared to regular "full text" content and derive a simple yet suitable quantitative model.
Using a context-sensitive learning network for robot arm control (1989)

In this paper, we propose a clsss of networks called contezt sensitive learning networks for use in the learning of complex nonlinear mappings. In particular, we present a network architecture for learning to control a robot arm by learning independently the different entries of the inverse Jacobian matrix. Computer simulation results showed that the network was able to learn the inverse Jacobian of the PUMA 560 arm for inverse kinematic control. The network also generalised reasonably well when unseen testing examples were presented to the network.
Design aspects and analysis of SDH equipment clocks (1996)

Abstract Network synchronization has gained increasing attention since the introduction of the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH), as network synchronization performance due to the SDH‐internal bit rate adaptation technique have a major impact on the phase transfer characteristic of SDH‐based networks. Excessive jitter or wander may result in bit errors or frame slips within digital exchanges. This paper discusses the requirements with respect to SDH Equipment Clocks (SEC), which are the basis for improved network synchronization. Two parameters have a significant impact on the phase error generated by the clock: the oscillator performance and the phase detector characteristic. This paper proposes a synthesizer‐based PLL structure employing a fixed frequency highly stable oscillator. A novel approach for an all‐digital phase detector provides enhanced resolution, thereby reducing the phase error. Analytical and simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Range image segmentation based on split-merge clustering (2004)

In this paper, we present a split-merge clustering segmentation algorithm based on Gaussian mixture models, which resolves the models by expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and seeks model via Bayesian information criterion (BIC). It starts iteratively splitting from a single Gaussian model, then iteratively merging clusters. After convergence of the last stage, the clustering model is selected via a modified BIC and used to gain an initial segmentation, followed by a region merge step to achieve final segmentation. New algorithm was applied to 60 range images acquired by two kinds of range cameras, and got approving results with acceptable computation time.
Cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 from Arabidopsis Catalyzes the Conversion of Tryptophan to Indole-3-acetaldoxime, a Precursor of Indole Glucosinolates and Indole-3-acetic Acid (2000)

Glucosinolates are natural plant products known as flavor compounds, cancer-preventing agents, and biopesticides. We report cloning and characterization of the cytochrome P450 CYP79B2 from Arabidopsis. Heterologous expression of CYP79B2 in Escherichia coli shows that CYP79B2 catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime. Recombinant CYP79B2 has a K(m) of 21 microm and a V(max) of 7.78 nmol/h/ml culture. Inhibitor studies show that CYP79B2 is different from a previously described enzyme activity that converts tryptophan to indole-3-acetaldoxime (Ludwig-Müller, J. , and Hilgenberg, W. (1990) Phytochemistry, 29, 1397-1400). CYP79B2 is wound-inducible and expressed in leaves, stem, flowers, and roots, with the highest expression in roots. Arabidopsis overexpressing CYP79B2 has increased levels of indole glucosinolates, which strongly indicates that CYP79B2 is involved in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis. Our data show that oxime production by CYP79s is not restricted to those amino acids that are precursors for cyanogenic glucosides. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that indole glucosinolates have evolved from cyanogenesis. Indole-3-acetaldoxime is a precursor of the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, which suggests that CYP79B2 might function in biosynthesis of indole-3-acetic acid. Identification of CYP79B2 provides an important tool for modification of the indole glucosinolate content to improve nutritional value and pest resistance.
An investigation of bandpass sigma-delta A/D converters (2002)

This paper presents an investigation of the performance characteristics of a pair of bandpass Sigma-Delta (/spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/) analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. One of these /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters has the conventional cascade-of-integrators structure while the other has the conventional cascade-of-resonators structure. These /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converters are subsequently compared in terms of their achievable signal-to-quantization noise ratios for corresponding (discrete) switched-capacitor implementations. Based on this comparison, a new bandpass /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D converter structure is proposed which possesses the best practical features of both converters. These include, complementary signal and noise transfer functions and the fact that the zeros of the noise transfer function are constrained to lie on the unit-circle.
Improved band alignment for hole injection by an interfacial layer in organic light emitting devices (2000)

We demonstrate that a thin organic interfacial layer of 3,4,9,10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) can be utilized to improve the band alignment of N,N′-di-(3-methylphenyl)N,N′diphenyl-4,4′diaminobiphenyl (TPD) films on [indium–tin–oxide (ITO)] (InSnO) substrates in, e.g., organic electroluminescent devices. A photoemission study of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and vacuum level position as a function of the organic overlayer thickness reveals that due to chemisorptive bonding a thin PTCDA interlayer results in a reduced barrier between the Fermi level of ITO and the HOMO of TPD. Furthermore we detect a new molecular state 0.6 eV below the Fermi level at the PTCDA/ITO interface. Both effects are expected to improve the hole injection from the ITO anode into the TPD hole transport layer, e.g., in organic light emitting devices.
The development of ‘impervious peptides’ as growth hormone secretagogues (1997)

The discovery and development of growth hormone (GH) secretagogues is briefly reviewed. GH-releasing peptide-6 (GHRP-6) was the first GHRP to be developed that was active in vivo. Smaller peptides were found to have no GH-releasing activity in vivo, even though they were potent releasers of GH in vitro. Substituting Trp with 2-Me-Trp led to the development of orally active hexarelin and other, smaller, peptides. Although they showed oral activity, absorption rarely exceeded 1% of the administered dose. Nonpeptide GH secretagogues have now been developed that combine reasonable oral absorption with high potency. The next development will be to produce GH secretagogues that overcome the lack of specificity shown by the present molecules.
The formation of status beliefs Improving status construction theory (2004)

Widely shared status beliefs that characterize people in one social category as more esteemed and competent than people in another category play an important role in the organization of inequality. Status construction theory argues that the terms on which people interact across a social difference boundary can cause shared status beliefs to form and spread widely throughout a population. This chapter reviews the evidence for status construction theory and develops it further by offering an explicit theoretical account of the mechanism by which interactional contexts induce participants to form status beliefs even when those beliefs disadvantage the participant. I derive testable hypotheses from this account. I show as well how this account can be represented in the graph-theoretic terms of expectation states theory, allowing further testable predictions to be derived.
Cytolytic mechanisms and T‐cell receptor Vβ usage by <i>ex vivo</i> generated Epstein–Barr virus‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (2008)

Ex-vivo-generated Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have been used for cellular adoptive immunotherapy of EBV-associated lymphomas. Here we investigated the phenotypes, cytolytic mechanisms, polyfunctionality and T-cell receptor (TCR) usage in growing and established CTL, generated by weekly stimulation with an EBV-transformed autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL). Our results showed that phenotypically mature CTL developed within the first 4 weeks of culture, with an increase in CD45RO and CD69, and a decrease in CD45RA, CD62L, CD27 and CD28 expression. Spectratyping analysis of the variable beta-chain of the TCR revealed that TCR repertoire remained diverse during the course of culture. Cytotoxicity of CTL was significantly inhibited by concanamycin A (P < 0.0001) and ethylene glycol-bis tetraacetic acid (P < 0.0001), indicating that a calcium and perforin-mediated exocytosis pathway with the release of granzyme B was the principal cytotoxic mechanism. The CTL mainly produced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) upon restimulation with autologous LCL, although there were some polyfunctional cells producing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Granzyme B, perforin and Fas ligand were detected in CD8(+) and CD4(+) cells in all CTL; however, a greater proportion of CD8(+) than CD4(+) T cells expressed granzyme B (P < 0.0001) and more granzyme B was detected in CD8(+) T cells than in CD4(+) T cells (P = 0.001). This difference was not observed with Fas ligand or perforin expression. Our results provide insight into the basic characteristics of ex-vivo-generated CTL.
The role of early growth response gene 1 (<i>egr</i>-1) in regulation of the immune response (1996)

The induction of immediate early genes in cells of the immune system is critical to determining the ultimate outcome of exposure to antigen. The importance of many of these genes relates to the role their transcription factor products play in dictating patterns of expression of downstream, function-related genes. Evidence from several systems indicates that the immediate early gene, egr-1 may be of particular importance in the immune system. Recently, the egr-1 promoter has been shown to be highly responsive to the diverse biochemical signals generated by antigen and cytokines in cells of the immune system. Furthermore, an important role for egr-1 in determining the differentiation pathway of myeloid cell precursors has been recently elaborated. Finally, potential targets of regulation by the zinc-finger transcription factor encoded by egr-1 include the interleukin-2, CD44, ICAM-1, and tumor necrosis factor genes. The role of egr-1 in regulation of the immune response will be discussed in the context of these recent studies.
Dressings for Acute and Chronic Wounds (2007)

Our systematic review provided only weak levels of evidence on the clinical efficacy of modern dressings compared with saline or paraffin gauze in terms of healing, with the exception of hydrocolloids. There was no evidence that any of the modern dressings was better than another, or better than saline or paraffin gauze, in terms of general performance criteria. More wound care research providing level A evidence is needed.
Potential-pH (Pourbaix) Diagrams as Aids for Screening Corrosion Inhibitors and Sequestering Agents (2010)

Potential-pH (Pourbaix) diagrams are used as road maps for aiding in predicting the most stable states of a metal, its corrosion products, and its associated ions in an aqueous solution. It is presented in a plot of equilibrium potential vs. hydrogen ion activity. Organic ions, including those of biological importance such as amino acids, can affect the most thermodynamically stable states associated with the metal. This paper explores how potential-pH diagrams might be used as aids for screening such organic corrosion inhibitors and sequestering agents. The diagrams were generated using a newly developed, internet-accessible, Web-based application. The Web application and its advantages over comparable single user personal computer platform-based applications are also summarized.
MtrB Is Required for Proper Incorporation of the Cytochromes OmcA and OmcB into the Outer Membrane of <i>Shewanella putrefaciens</i> MR-1 (2002)

When grown under anaerobic conditions, Shewanella putrefaciens MR-1 synthesizes multiple outer membrane (OM) cytochromes, some of which have a role in the use of insoluble electron acceptors (e.g., MnO2) for anaerobic respiration. The cytochromes OmcA and OmcB are localized to the OM and the OM-like intermediate-density membrane (IM) in MR-1. The components necessary for proper localization of these cytochromes to the OM have not been identified. A gene replacement mutant (strain MTRB1) lacking the putative OM protein MtrB was isolated and characterized. The specific cytochrome content of the OM of MTRB1 was only 36% that of MR-1. This was not the result of a general decline in cytochrome content, however, because the cytoplasmic membrane (CM) and soluble fractions were not cytochrome deficient. While OmcA and OmcB were detected in the OM and IM fractions of MTRB1, significant amounts were mislocalized to the CM. OmcA was also detected in the soluble fraction of MTRB1. While OmcA and OmcB in MR-1 fractions were resistant to solubilization with Triton X-100 in the presence of Mg2+, Triton X-100 readily solubilized these proteins from all subcellular fractions of MTRB1. Together, these data suggest that MtrB is required for the proper localization and insertion of OmcA and OmcB into the OM of MR-1. The inability of MTRB1 to properly insert these, and possibly other, proteins into its OM likely contributes to its marked deficiency in manganese(IV) and iron(III) reduction. While the localization of another putative OM cytochrome (MtrF) could not be directly determined, an mtrF gene replacement mutant exhibited wild-types rates of Mn(IV) and Fe(III) reduction. Therefore, even if MtrF were mislocalized in MTRB1, it would not contribute to the loss of metal reduction activity in this strain.