gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Block copolymers of isotactic polypropylene and 1,4‐polybutadiene (1986)

Abstract Two block copolymers of isotactic polypropylene and 1,4 polybutadiene were synthesized using techniques involving a transformation from anionic to Ziegler–Natta polymerization mechanisms. The yield of block copolymer was about fifteen percent (weight basis) in both polymerizations, the remainder being unreacted polybutadiene from the first block synthesis. Molecular characterization experiments and model reactions were consistent with a block‐like structure for the copolymers; definitive evidence for the proposed molecular structure was obtained through transmission electron microscopy which clearly revealed microphase‐separated morphologies characteristic of block copolymers.
Novel scintillation material Cs<sub>2</sub>LiLaBr<sub>6−x</sub>Cl<sub>x</sub>:Ce for gamma-ray and neutron spectroscopy (2012)

A new scintillation material CS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiLaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6-x</sub> CI <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> :Ce (CLLBC:Ce) belonging to the elpasolite crystal family has been discovered and investigated at RMD. A Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> LiLaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4.8</sub> Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1.2</sub> : 2% Ce crystal was grown using the melt-based, vertical Bridgman method. The first grown crystal of CLLBC:Ce is 1.5 cm in diameter and a few inches in length. This material has a cubic structure, therefore, potentially can be grown in large sizes. Its scintillation properties have been studied under gamma and neutron irradiation. The presence of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> Cl in CLLBC:Ce allows for thermal and fast neutron detection, respectively. CLLBC's response to fast neutrons via <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> Cl(n,p) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">35</sup> S reaction was tested at different energies of mono-energetic fast neutron beam, acquired at the University of Massachusetts Lowell 5.5 MV Van de Graaff generator. A fast neutron peak was identified, and its centroid was observed to move linearly with the beam energy. The differences in the decay times of neutrons and gammas allowed pulse shape discrimination to differentiate between the two types of radiation. The material also shows an excellent response to gamma-ray irradiation, with gamma-ray energy resolution of ~3.0 % at 662 keV, and light output of 40,000 photons/MeV. These properties make CLLBC:Ce an excellent candidate for combined gamma-ray and neutron (thermal and fast) spectroscopy.
Tape-Cast Water-Stable NASICON-Type High Lithium Ion Conducting Solid Electrolyte Films for Aqueous Lithium-Air Batteries (2015)

A Li1.4Al0.4Ge0.2Ti1.4 (PO4)3 (LAGTP) film was prepared by a tape-casting method using a fine LAGTP powder prepared by the sol-gel method. A LAGTP composite film formed with approximately 2 wt% epoxy resin was water-impermeable and had high mechanical strength. The highest lithium ion conductivity of 5.26 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 25°C was obtained for the LAGTP-epoxy resin composite film. The LAGTP-epoxy resin composite film was stable in an aqueous solution with a high content of lithium ions. The three-point bending strength of the 75 μm thick LAGTP-epoxy resin composite film was 125 N mm−2. The water-impermeable composite film with excellent mechanical properties is an attractive candidate for the water-stable lithium electrode in rechargeable aqueous lithium-air batteries.
A study of clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the investigation of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in the multidrug resistant strain PA13 (2007)

Thirteen clinical strains of bacteria from two Irish hospitals were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa using classical methods, API 20NE and Biolog GN. Their identification was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates were determined against forty-one antibiotics belonging to eleven distinct classes. All the isolates were resistant to penicillin G, ampicillin, cephalothin, cloxacillin, oxacillin, amoxicillin, cefotaxime, moxalactam, sulphatriad cotrimoxazole, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. All were sensitive to ceftazidime, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, ceftriaxone, meropenem, aztreonam, amikacin, apramycin, butirosin A, lividomycin and colistin sulphate. One of the isolates, PA13, was resistant to a further fourteen antibiotics and was identified as a multidrug resistant strain. A 2.2 kbp PCR product was amplified from P. aeruginosa PA13. When this product was sequenced it was found to contain four open reading frames. BLASTN analysis identified these as being an integrase gene (ORF1), an\naminoglycoside acetyltransferase gene, aac(6’)-Ib (ORF2), an oxacillinase gene (ORF3) and a quaternary ammonium compound resistance gene (ORF4). The presence of the integrase gene and the quaternary ammonium compound gene suggested that the genes were on a Class 1 integron. The acetyltransferase aac(6’)-Ib gene contained the mutant type of the enzyme with a leucine substitution by serine at position 119. Two expression vectors were chosen to investigate the novel\noxacillinase gene. One was a commercially available vector, pET-28a (Novagen) and the other was an in-house vector, pPC. The gene was successfully cloned into both vectors. Following induction the desired protein was not expressed in either the soluble or insoluble fractions.
Bragg grating fast tunable filter (1997)

A fast tunable optical filter based on Bragg grating compression is realised using a piezoelectric stack actuator. A setting time of < 2 ms over a 15 nm tuning range has been achieved. Tuning does not affect the reflectivity, shape or bandwidth of the central Bragg wavelength peak.
Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Infancy and Social Emotional Development in Preschool-Aged Chinese Children (2011)

The results point to the potential benefits of preventing iron deficiency in infancy and treating it before it becomes chronic or severe.
Automatic learning-based selection of beam angles in radiation therapy of lung cancer (2014)

The treatment of lung cancer using external beam radiation requires an optimal selection of the radiation beam directions to avoid unnecessarily treatment of normal healthy tissues. We introduce an automated beam selection method, based on learning the relations between beam angles and anatomical features. Using a large dataset of clinical plans, we train a random forest regressor to predict beam angle likelihood. We then use an optimization procedure that incorporates inter-beam dependencies and selects the treatment beams. We present validation results, demonstrating the equivalence of automatically-selected beams and the derived radiation therapy plans to the clinical, manually-planned, ground-truth. The proposed method may be a useful clinical tool for reducing the manual planning workload, while sustaining plan quality.
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on insulin and glucose metabolism in overweight and obese individuals: systematic review with meta-analysis (2015)

The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effect of vitamin D supplementation on glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight and obese subjects. The search process was based on the selection of publications listed in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase and the Cochrane library that met the inclusion criteria. Twelve randomized controlled trials were included. The analysed population consisted of 1181 individuals with BMIs > 23 kg/m2. Changes in the concentration of 25(OH)D, fasting glucose, insulin and the HOMA-IR index were assessed. In the meta-regression analysis, a restricted maximum likelihood method was applied. To combine individual study results, a meta-analysis was performed. Vitamin D supplementation did not have an effect on glucose concentrations, insulin level and HOMA-IR values when the supplemented dose, time of supplementation and baseline of 25(OH)D concentration were taken under consideration in subgroup-analysis. This meta-analysis provides evidence that vitamin D supplementation has no significant effect on glucose and insulin metabolism in overweight and obese individuals.
Fogging Effect Consideration in Mask Process at 50 KeV E-Beam Systems (2002)

To achieve higher resolution and critical dimension (CD) accuracy in mask fabrication, 50KeV E-beam systems are used widely. However, as a high acceleration system is adapted, the degree of fogging effect caused by multi-scattering electrons becomes more serious. Although considerable efforts have been made, fogging effect cannot be removed perfectly, therefore several compensation techniques are applied instead. Fogging effect not only deteriorates CD uniformity but also makes mean to target (MTT) control difficult. Moreover, Fogging effect causes proximity effect correction (PEC) error according to PEC methods such as dose modulation type usually used in variable shaped beam (VSB) system and GHOST type commonly used in Gaussian beam system. In this paper, we investigated the fogging effect under the various exposure conditions at raster scan Gaussian beam system and VSB system experimentally and analytically.
Polyadenylation of mRNA: minimal substrates and a requirement for the 2' hydroxyl of the U in AAUAAA. (1990)

mRNA-specific polyadenylation can be assayed in vitro by using synthetic RNAs that end at or near the natural cleavage site. This reaction requires the highly conserved sequence AAUAAA. At least two distinct nuclear components, an AAUAAA specificity factor and poly(A) polymerase, are required to catalyze the reaction. In this study, we identified structural features of the RNA substrate that are critical for mRNA-specific polyadenylation. We found that a substrate that contained only 11 nucleotides, of which the first six were AAUAAA, underwent AAUAAA-specific polyadenylation. This is the shortest substrate we have used that supports polyadenylation: removal of a single nucleotide from either end of this RNA abolished the reaction. Although AAUAAA appeared to be the only strict sequence requirement for polyadenylation, the number of nucleotides between AAUAAA and the 3' end was critical. Substrates with seven or fewer nucleotides beyond AAUAAA received poly(A) with decreased efficiency yet still bound efficiently to specificity factor. We infer that on these shortened substrates, poly(A) polymerase cannot simultaneously contact the specificity factor bound to AAUAAA and the 3' end of the RNA. By incorporating 2'-deoxyuridine into the U of AAUAAA, we demonstrated that the 2' hydroxyl of the U in AAUAAA was required for the binding of specificity factor to the substrate and hence for poly(A) addition. This finding may indicate that at least one of the factors involved in the interaction with AAUAAA is a protein.
Potentiation of Chemotactic Peptide-Induced Superoxide Generation by CD38 Ligation in Human Myeloid Cell Lines (1997)

CD38 is a type II transmembrane glycoprotein possessing an NAD+ glycohydrolase activity in its extracellular domain. We previously reported that the ligation of CD38 by a monoclonal antibody (mAb), HB-7, induces the tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins including p120(c-cbl) in differentiated human myeloid cell lines and that the phosphorylated p120(c-cbl) is capable of binding to phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. In the present study, we found that the agonistic anti-CD38 mAb markedly potentiates superoxide generation stimulated by chemotactic formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptors in the CD38-producing cells. HB-7 neither generated superoxide by itself nor enhanced the cell response induced by phorbol 12-myristate acetate, indicating that the potentiating action of the anti-CD38 mAb is specific for the stimulation by the GTP-binding protein (G1)-coupled membrane receptors. The potentiation by HB-7 was abolished by prior treatment of the cells with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, pertussis toxin, or a potent PI 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin. HB-7 also enhanced the product formation of PI 3-kinase in response to the chemotactic receptor stimulation, without significant changes in the receptor-stimulated accumulations of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, arachidonate release, and intracellular Ca2+. These results indicate that the CD38-induced tyrosine phosphorylation has a cross-talk with the chemotactic receptor/G1-mediated signal transduction pathway resulting in the enhancement of superoxide generation, probably through the activation of PI 3-kinase.
Power consumption measurements of virtual machines (2011)

The environment sustainability is one of the main directions of intervention for all developed countries. Solutions for alternative energies generation and energy reduction are already discussed. Furthermore, energy efficiency has become an important aspect in data centers and large server systems. Virtualization is one of the main research directions for both large scale data centers and servers. This paper explores how virtualization solutions influence the power consumption of physical systems they are implemented on and which is the most effective way to test and measure the energy efficiency of these solutions. In our tests we used two physical machines (one laptop and one desktop), both running Windows and Linux operating systems and we selected the VMWare virtualization solution.
Topical delivery of urea encapsulated in biodegradable PLGA microparticles: O/W and W/O creams (2008)

This study describes the formulation and characterization of O/W and W/O creams containing urea-loaded microparticles prepared with poly (D, L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in order to encapsulate and stabilize urea. The solvent evaporation method was used for preparing PLGA microparticles containing urea. The microparticles size was evaluated by laser light diffractometry. The resulting microparticles were then incorporated in O/W and W/O creams and stability and the release pattern from the creams was evaluated by UV-spectrophotometry. The particle size of PLGA microparticles was in the range of 1-5 microm and most microparticles had a particle size smaller than 3 microm. The encapsulation efficiency was calculated as 40.5% +/- 3.4. This study also examined release pattern of urea which varied among different formulations. The results showed that the release from O/W creams followed Higuchi kinetics while the release from W/O creams showed the zero order kinetics and the creams containing microparticulated urea had slower release than free urea creams.
Crystalline insulin (1934)

Research Article| January 01 1934 Crystalline insulin David Aylmer Scott David Aylmer Scott 1Connaught Laboratories, University of Toronto Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1934) 28 (4): 1592–1602.1. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0281592 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation David Aylmer Scott; Crystalline insulin. Biochem J 1 January 1934; 28 (4): 1592–1602.1. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0281592 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1934 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1934 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (2008)

Eosinophilic esophagitis is increasingly recognized in adults. The diagnosis is based on the presence of both typical symptoms and pathologic findings on esophageal biopsy. Patients usually present with dysphagia, food impaction and/or reflux-like symptoms, and biopsy of the esophagus shows more than 15 eosinophils per high-power field. In addition, it is essential to exclude the presence of known causes of tissue eosinophilia such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, infections, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, hypersensitivity, and inflammatory bowel disease. There are no standardized protocols for the therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis. A variety of therapeutic approaches including acid suppression, dietary modifications, topical corticosteroids and endoscopic dilation can be used alone or in combination.
Disfluency Detection Based on Speech-Aware Token-by-Token Sequence Labeling with BLSTM-CRFs and Attention Mechanisms (2019)

This paper presents a new method for token-by-token sequence labeling that can leverage not only lexical information but also speech information without any alignments. Our motivation is to detect disfluencies such as fillers and word fragments robustly from spontaneous speech. Disfluency detection is often modeled as a token-by-token sequence labeling using a transcribed text via automatic speech recognition. However, utilizing the lexical information alone is not sufficient because the disfluencies cause changes to speech information. One problem is that the speech and the transcribed text need to be aligned when we handle speech and lexical information simultaneously. This prevents introducing speech information to the disfluency detection. To solve this problem, we propose a method for token-by-token sequence labeling, one that can simultaneously use lexical and speech information without requiring any alignments. To this end, we introduce attention mechanisms into a method for neural sequence labeling based on bi-directional long short-term memory recurrent neural network conditional random fields. The attention mechanisms enable us to find the term of disfluencies from speech automatically. Our experimental results show that the proposed method using acoustic and prosodic features improves the labeling accuracy compared with that using lexical features alone.
Surface plasmon differential ellipsometry of aqueous solutions for bio-chemical sensing (2008)

A differential surface plasmon ellipsometry technique is presented which allows the sensing of refractive index changes in aqueous solutions at the level of better than 5 × 10−7 refractive index units. This level of sensitivity is comparable to the best currently available surface plasmon based sensing systems and can be implemented as a bio-chemical sensor. The technique has the additional advantage of being ideally suited to the development of a multi-channel array sensor.
OC-192 receiver in standard 0.18μm CMOS (2005)

A fully integrated OC-192 multi-rate (9.95Gb/s-10.71Gb/s) receiver uses standard 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS. The circuit consists of an input amplifier, CDR, 1:16 demux and 18 LVDS drivers. The chip exceeds SONET jitter tolerance spec by >100%. Recovered 10Gb/s clock jitter is <4mUl(rms). The input sensitivity is <50mV with 870mW at 1.8V.
Propulsion Systems for Hybrid Vehicles (2004)

The automotive industry is waking up to the fact that hybrid electric vehicles could provide an answer to the ever-increasing need for lower-polluting and more fuel-efficient forms of personal transport. This is the first book to give comprehensive coverage of all aspects of the hybrid vehicle design, from its power plant and energy storage systems, to supporting chassis subsystems necessary for realising hybrid modes of operation. Key topics covered include hybrid propulsion system architectures, propulsion system sizing, electric traction system sizing and design, loss mechanisms, system simulation and vehicle certification.
Variability of R-R, P wave-to-R wave, and R wave-to-T wave intervals (1997)

We analyzed the effect of changing posture from supine to standing on the variability of R-R, P-R, and R-T intervals in 10 healthy volunteers using power spectral analysis. An electrocardiogram and respiratory trace were recorded before and after posture change. Variability in the P-R and R-T intervals was much less than in the R-R interval and demonstrated a lower-frequency (LF)-to-high-frequency (HF) ratio. Changing from a supine to a standing position showed no change in indexes of vagal influence on the P-R and R-T variability, in contrast to the well-documented decrease in the indexes of vagal influence on the R-R variability (HF power decreased from 2.33 to 0.41 ms2, P = 0.003; amplitude of the respiration-to-heart rate impulse response decreased from 31.6 to 14.4 ms.ml-1.s-1, P = 0.03; and LF/HF increased from 1.96 to 5.22, P = 0.005). We concluded from this study that the effects of standing were an observed reduction in vagal influence on the heart rate variability of the R-R interval and maintenance of lung volume-related vagal modulation of the P-R and R-T intervals.
Pulsed power for electromagnetic launching (1982)

There are system advantages to producing power for electromagnetic propulsion by real time generation rather than by a sequence of generation-storage-switching. The best type of generator for this purpose is the flux compression generator. Different types of flux compression generator which have been developed at Sandia National Laboratories are reviewed and their applications to electric launching are discussed. New experimental facilities for producing more powerful generators are described and cost comparisons are made.
Ionization Rates for Holes and Electrons in Silicon (1957)

The ionization rates for holes and electrons in silicon at high electric fields have been evaluated from data on the multiplication of reverse-biased junctions. In Si, electrons have a higher ionization rate than holes. The variation of ionization rate with field strength is in good agreement with theory.
Deep Learning-Based Document Modeling for Personality Detection from Text (2017)

This article presents a deep learning based method for determining the author's personality type from text: given a text, the presence or absence of the Big Five traits is detected in the author's psychological profile. For each of the five traits, the authors train a separate binary classifier, with identical architecture, based on a novel document modeling technique. Namely, the classifier is implemented as a specially designed deep convolutional neural network, with injection of the document-level Mairesse features, extracted directly from the text, into an inner layer. The first layers of the network treat each sentence of the text separately; then the sentences are aggregated into the document vector. Filtering out emotionally neutral input sentences improved the performance. This method outperformed the state of the art for all five traits, and the implementation is freely available for research purposes.
Use of Methylene Blue and Selective Embolization of the Pudendal Artery for High Flow Priapism Refractory to Medical and Surgical Treatments (1991)

High flow priapism is often treated effectively with intracavernous vasoconstrictive agents or surgical shunting. If these maneuvers fail treatment is unclear. A 21-year-old black man, who had failed previous pharmacological and surgical therapies, temporarily (8 hours) responded to intracavernous methylene blue, which is known to antagonize endothelial derived relaxation factor. Recurrent priapism was managed successfully by embolization of the left internal pudendal artery with absorbable gelatin sponge. Review of the literature reveals that only 7 patients have been managed with arterial embolization and our case represents the first in which intracavernous methylene blue produced detumescence.