gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primate cytomegalovirus assembly protein: genome location and nucleotide sequence (1989)

A cDNA encoding the 37-kilodalton (kDa) capsid assembly protein of cytomegalovirus (CMV) strain Colburn was isolated from a lambda gt11 library constructed from CMV Colburn-infected human fibroblast RNA. RNA transcribed in vitro from this cDNA was translated in vitro to give a 40-kDa protein whose electrophoretic mobility during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fragmentation pattern following partial proteolysis were indistinguishable from those of authentic assembly protein precursor. The position of the assembly protein gene was mapped to the EcoRI F, XbaI R, and SalI U restriction fragments, near the middle of the CMV Colburn genome, by Southern hybridizations using the cloned assembly protein cDNA as a probe. Similar sequences were identified by cross-hybridizations in colinear regions of the genomes of human CMV strains Towne and AD169: specifically, in the HindIII H, BamHI V, and EcoRI A fragments of Towne and in the HindIII L and BglII S fragments of AD169. The predominant transcript of the assembly protein gene was determined to be approximately 1 kilobase in size; however, a larger transcript (1.8 kilobases) was also identified. The nucleotide sequence of the assembly protein cDNA was determined and found to contain a single long open reading frame predicted to encode a polypeptide of 36.6 to 37 kDa, close to the 40-kDa size determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the assembly protein precursor. The presence of a single cysteine residue at the carboxy-terminal end of this open reading frame is consistent with data from biochemical studies and indicates that processing of the assembly protein precursor includes a proteolytic cleavage that removes its carboxyl end.
Foaming Properties of Egg Albumen with a Bubbling Apparatus Compared with Whipping (1997)

ABSTRACT Neither standard method nor instrument exists to accurately measure foaming properties in food. Usually, whipping methods are used but they are only moderately reproducible. We used an original apparatus in which foam was generated by bubbling and then analyzed by conductimetry (liquid in the foam) and a uniline camera (foam volume). The foaming properties of a series of egg‐white powders were studied. Among parameters describing foam formation and destabilization, three were repeatable and discriminating. They were correlated with those obtained with whipping methods. Easy to use and rapid, the bubbling method is an alternative for controlling and measuring the foaming properties of egg‐white.
System analysis of chemical and carbonate looping processes in IGCC power plants for CO2 separation (2011)

Chemical and carbonate looping cycles have a strong potential for efficient CO2 capture with limited energy penalty. The main objective of this thesis is to assess the feasibil- ity and to evaluate the potential of these solid looping cycles in integrated gasification combined cycles (IGCC) power plants.\nChemical looping combustion (CLC) can replace the combustion chamber of the con- ventional gas turbine cycle. The integration of this process can result in nearly 100% car- bon capture efficiency and around 5% electrical efficiency penalty of the combined cycle. The sensitivity analysis reveals the strong impact of the oxidation reactor temperature and of the pressure ratio. Several configurations of the combined cycles with, for example, CO2-turbine and top firing have thus been proposed and can all achieve close to 100% CO2 -capture.\nChemical looping gasification (CLG) does not have the potential of capturing carbon dioxide but eliminates the need for a cryogenic distillation unit and ease the generation of synthesis gas. However, the type of oxygen carrier, the solids flow rate and the oxygen- to-fuel ratios are critical design factors for a successful integration of CLG.\nCarbonate looping ex situ allows the capture of carbon dioxide by moving the equi- librium of the water-gas shift reaction towards the generation of hydrogen. The capture of carbon dioxide can reach up to 93% and its purity up to 97%.\nThis thesis suggests therefore that both chemical and carbonate looping cycles have a high potential for efficient power generation, with or without carbon dioxide capture. The easiest process to integrate, from a technological aspect, may nevertheless be chemical looping combustion of synthesis gas.
Robust VLSI circuit simulation techniques based on overlapped waveform relaxation (1995)

High-performance mainframe computers are commonly implemented using bipolar VLSI technologies. The simulation of such circuits is very time-consuming using traditional direct methods, as in SPICE. Relaxation-based methods such as waveform relaxation (WR) have been used to speed up the simulation of MOS circuits, but they have not been as effective for bipolar circuits because of the strong coupling between logic gates. In this paper, a fast, robust overlapped waveform relaxation (OWR) algorithm is presented. OWR is effective for bipolar circuits because it uses an overlapped partitioning strategy to overcome the effect of strong coupling on convergence speed. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm, simulation results are presented for combinational and sequential digital bipolar circuits as well as analog bipolar circuits. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the speed advantage of OWR compared to the direct method increases with circuit size. The OWR algorithm is more robust than standard WR; it converges in cases where WR diverges or converges too slowly. OWR is about two times faster than WR for tightly coupled bipolar circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced gecko-foot-mimetic dry adhesives based on carbon nanotubes (2012)

Geckos can run freely on vertical walls and even ceilings. Recent studies have discovered that gecko's extraordinary climbing ability comes from a remarkable design of nature with nanoscale beta-keratin elastic hairs on their feet and toes, which collectively generate sufficiently strong van der Waals force to hold the animal onto an opposing surface while at the same time disengaging at will. Vertically aligned carbon nanotube (VA-CNT) arrays, resembling gecko's adhesive foot hairs with additional superior mechanical, chemical and electrical properties, have been demonstrated to be a promising candidate for advanced fibrillar dry adhesives. The VA-CNT arrays with tailor-made hierarchical structures can be patterned and/or transferred onto various flexible substrates, including responsive polymers. This, together with recent advances in nanofabrication techniques, could offer 'smart' dry adhesives for various potential applications, even where traditional adhesives cannot be used. A detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms governing the material properties and adhesion performances is critical to the design and fabrication of gecko inspired CNT dry adhesives of practical significance. In this feature article, we present an overview of recent progress in both fundamental and applied frontiers for the development of CNT-based adhesives by summarizing important studies in this exciting field, including our own work.
The Use of Autoencoders for Discovering Patient Phenotypes (2017)

We use autoencoders to create low-dimensional embeddings of underlying patient phenotypes that we hypothesize are a governing factor in determining how different patients will react to different interventions. We compare the performance of autoencoders that take fixed length sequences of concatenated timesteps as input with a recurrent sequence-to-sequence autoencoder. We evaluate our methods on around 35,500 patients from the latest MIMIC III dataset from Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital.
A technique for production of nanocrystalline cellulose with a narrow size distribution (2009)

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis of microcrystalline cellulose. A differential centrifugation technique was studied to obtain NCC whiskers with a narrow size distribution. It was shown that the volume of NCC in different fractions had an inverse relationship with relative centrifugal force (RCF). The length of NCC whiskers was also fractionized by differential RCF. The aspect ratio of NCC in different fractions had a relatively narrow range. This technique provides an easy way of producing NCC whiskers with a narrow size distribution.
The Relationship Between Daily Atrial Tachyarrhythmia Burden From Implantable Device Diagnostics and Stroke Risk (2009)

The TE rate was low compared with patients with traditional AF with similar risk profiles. The data suggest that TE risk is a quantitative function of AT/AF burden. AT/AF burden > or = 5.5 hours on any of 30 prior days appeared to double TE risk. Additional studies are needed to more precisely investigate the relationship between stroke risk and AT/AF burden.
Synthesis of Hydride and Alkyl Compounds Containing the Cp*Os(NO) Fragment. Crystal Structure of [Cp*Os(μ-NO)]<sub>2</sub> (1999)

Treatment of the pentamethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp*) compound Cp*Os(NO)Br2 (1) with NaBH4 yields the dihydride Cp*Os(NO)H2. The dihydride loses H2 over several days in solution to form [Cp*Os(μ-NO)]2; this dinuclear compound can also be formed directly by reduction of 1 with zinc powder. The X-ray crystal structure of [Cp*Os(μ-NO)]2 shows that nitrosyl ligands are bridging and that the Os−Os distance is 2.539(1) Å. Compound 1 reacts with MgR2 to form the monoalkylated products Cp*Os(NO)RBr, where R = Me, CH2SiMe3, Ph, or o-Tol. The slow ligand substitution kinetics of this reaction prevent the formation of dialkyls of stoichiometry Cp*Os(NO)R2, even after long reaction times or when a large excess of alkylating agent is used. Dialkyls such as Cp*Os(NO)Me2 can, however, be obtained by treatment of Cp*Os(NO)MeBr with silver trifluoromethanesulfonate followed by addition of dimethylmagnesium.
Replication and Cytopathic Effect of Oncolytic Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in Hypoxic Tumor Cells In Vitro and In Vivo (2004)

Tumor hypoxia presents an obstacle to the effectiveness of most antitumor therapies, including treatment with oncolytic viruses. In particular, an oncolytic virus must be resistant to the inhibition of DNA, RNA, and protein synthesis that occurs during hypoxic stress. Here we show that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), an oncolytic RNA virus, is capable of replication under hypoxic conditions. In cells undergoing hypoxic stress, VSV infection produced larger amounts of mRNA than under normoxic conditions. However, translation of these mRNAs was reduced at earlier times postinfection in hypoxia-adapted cells than in normoxic cells. At later times postinfection, VSV overcame a hypoxia-associated increase in alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2alpha) phosphorylation and initial suppression of viral protein synthesis in hypoxic cells to produce large amounts of viral protein. VSV infection caused the dephosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF-4E and inhibited host translation similarly under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. VSV produced progeny virus to similar levels in hypoxic and normoxic cells and showed the ability to expand from an initial infection of 1% of hypoxic cells to spread through an entire population. In all cases, virus infection induced classical cytopathic effects and apoptotic cell death. When VSV was used to treat tumors established in nude mice, we found VSV replication in hypoxic areas of these tumors. This occurred whether the virus was administered intratumorally or intravenously. These results show for the first time that VSV has an inherent capacity for infecting and killing hypoxic cancer cells. This ability could represent a critical advantage over existing therapies in treating established tumors.
8.7 Physically unclonable function for secure key generation with a key error rate of 2E-38 in 45nm smart-card chips (2016)

Physically unclonable function (PUF) circuits are for generating unique secure keys or chip IDs based on intrinsic properties of each chip itself [1-2]. PUFs are a step forward to improve the security level compared to traditional NVM (non-volatile memory) solutions (FUSEs, EEPROM/FLASH, etc.) because they resolve security issues, such as active data-probing, transferring the security key from outside, etc. Since the MOSFET mismatch (e.g. size, doping concentration, mobility and oxide thickness) due to process variations cannot be fully controlled, PUFs, which are based on such phenomena, cannot be replicated. Unfortunately, the PUF output is erroneous by nature, as caused by thermal noise, voltage/temperature influence, aging effects, etc. The stability issue must be overcome since standard security applications, such as data encryption and digital signatures, have zero error-tolerance. In this work, a PUF structure based on the threshold voltage (Vth) difference of inverting logic gates is presented, which is implemented for secure 24b key generation in a 45nm smart card chip. The key is used as part of an encryption key and achieves an error rate as low as 2.01×10-38. The PUF system is also scalable for a larger key size.
Characterization of a phenylacetate–CoA ligase from <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> (2008)

Enzymatic activation of PAA (phenylacetic acid) to phenylacetyl-CoA is an important step in the biosynthesis of the beta-lactam antibiotic penicillin G by the fungus Penicillium chrysogenum. CoA esters of PAA and POA (phenoxyacetic acid) act as acyl donors in the exchange of the aminoadipyl side chain of isopenicillin N to produce penicillin G or penicillin V. The phl gene, encoding a PCL (phenylacetate-CoA ligase), was cloned in Escherichia coli as a maltose-binding protein fusion and the biochemical properties of the enzyme were characterized. The recombinant fusion protein converted PAA into phenylacetyl-CoA in an ATP- and magnesium-dependent reaction. PCL could also activate POA, but the catalytic efficiency of the enzyme was rather low with k(cat)/K(m) values of 0.23+/-0.06 and 7.8+/-1.2 mM(-1).s(-1) for PAA and POA respectively. Surprisingly, PCL was very efficient in catalysing the conversion of trans-cinnamic acids to the corresponding CoA thioesters [k(cat)/K(m)=(3.1+/-0.4)x10(2) mM(-1).s(-1) for trans-cinnamic acid]. Of all the substrates screened, medium-chain fatty acids, which also occur as the side chains of the natural penicillins F, DF, H and K, were the best substrates for PCL. The high preference for fatty acids could be explained by a homology model of PCL that was constructed on the basis of sequence similarity with the Japanese firefly luciferase. The results suggest that PCL has evolved from a fatty-acid-activating ancestral enzyme that may have been involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids.
The chemical oxidation of hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surfaces in water studied <i>in situ</i> with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1994)

The chemical oxidation of hydrogen-terminated silicon (111) surfaces in water was studied in situ with Fourier transform IR spectroscopy in the multiple total internal reflection mode. On the basis of measurements of the absorbance of the Si-H and Si-O-Si vibrations as a function of time it is concluded that reactions involving the oxidation of silicon hydride and the formation of silicon oxide are coupled. The decrease in the hydride coverage and increase in the oxide coverage are linear functions of ln(t). The time dependence of oxide growth is explained in terms of electrostatic and mechanical changes at the Si/water interface.
Soft timers (1999)

This paper proposes and evaluates soft timers, a new operating system facility that allows the efficient scheduling of software events at a granularity down to tens of microseconds. Soft timers can be used to avoid interrupts and reduce context switches associated with network processing without sacrificing low communication delays.More specifically, soft timers enable transport protocols like TCP to efficiently perform rate-based clocking of packet transmissions. Experiments show that rate-based clocking can improve HTTP response time over connections with high bandwidth-delay products by up to 89% and that soft timers allow a server to employ rate-based clocking with little CPU overhead (2-6%) at high aggregate bandwidths.Soft timers can also be used to perform network polling, which eliminates network interrupts and increases the memory access locality of the network subsystem without sacrificing delay. Experiments show that this technique can improve the throughput of a Web server by up to 25%.
Total Syntheses of <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>- [1-(2-Acetamido-3-<i>O</i>-D-glucosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-α- and γ-glutamyl]-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, and Identity of the γ-Glutamyl Isomer with the Glycopeptide of a Bacterial Cell Wall Precursor (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Syntheses of Nα- [1-(2-Acetamido-3-O-D-glucosyl)-D-propionyl-L-alanyl-D-α- and γ-glutamyl]-L-lysyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine, and Identity of the γ-Glutamyl Isomer with the Glycopeptide of a Bacterial Cell Wall PrecursorA. E. Lanzilotti, E. Benz, and L. GoldmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 9, 1880–1881Publication Date (Print):May 5, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 5 May 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01063a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01063a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strain control of oxygen kinetics in the Ruddlesden-Popper oxide La1.85Sr0.15CuO4 (2018)

Oxygen defect control has long been considered an important route to functionalizing complex oxide films. However, the nature of oxygen defects in thin films is often not investigated beyond basic redox chemistry. One of the model examples for oxygen-defect studies is the layered Ruddlesden-Popper phase La<sub>2-x</sub>Sr <sub>x</sub> CuO<sub>4-δ</sub> (LSCO), in which the superconducting transition temperature is highly sensitive to epitaxial strain. However, previous observations of strain-superconductivity coupling in LSCO thin films were mainly understood in terms of elastic contributions to mechanical buckling, with minimal consideration of kinetic or thermodynamic factors. Here, we report that the oxygen nonstoichiometry commonly reported for strained cuprates is mediated by the strain-modified surface exchange kinetics, rather than reduced thermodynamic oxygen formation energies. Remarkably, tensile-strained LSCO shows nearly an order of magnitude faster oxygen exchange rate than a compressively strained film, providing a strategy for developing high-performance energy materials.
Map building for a mobile robot from sensory data (1990)

A method for building a three-dimensional (3-D) world model for a mobile robot from sensory data derived from outdoor scenes is presented. The 3-D world model consists of four kinds of maps: a physical sensor map, a virtual sensor map, a local map, and a global map. First, a range image (physical sensor map) is transformed to a height map (virtual sensor map) relative to the mobile robot. Next, the height map is segmented into unexplored, occluded, traversable and obstacle regions from the height information. Moreover, obstacle regions are classified into artificial objects or natural objects according to their geometrical properties such as slope and curvature. A drawback of the height map (recovery of planes vertical to the ground plane) is overcome by using multiple-height maps that include the maximum and minimum height for each point on the ground plane. Multiple-height maps are useful not only for finding vertical planes but also for mapping obstacle regions into video images for segmentation. Finally, the height maps are integrated into a local map by matching geometrical parameters and by updating region labels. The results obtained using landscape models and the autonomous land vehicle simulator of the University of Maryland are shown, and constructing a global map with local maps is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chiron Approach to the Synthesis of (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)-3-Hydroxypipecolic Acid and (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)-3-Hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpiperidine from <scp>d</scp>-Glucose (2008)

The first chiron approach from d-glucose for the total synthesis of (2 S,3 R)-3-hydroxypipecolic acid (-)-1a and (2R,3R)-3-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethylpiperidine (-)-2a is reported. The synthetic pathway involves conversion of d-glucose into 3-azidopentodialdose (5) followed by the Wittig olefination and reduction to give the piperidine ring skeleton (8) with a sugar appendage that on cleavage of an anomeric carbon followed by oxidation gives (-)-1a which on reduction affords (-)-2a.
Electrochemical Immunosensor Using the Modification of an Amine-functionalized Indium Tin Oxide Electrode with Carboxylated Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

We have developed an electrochemical immunosensor that combines the electrocatalytic property of carbon nanotube and the low background current of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode. A partial monolayer of carboxylated single-walled carbon nanotube (CCNT) is covalently formed on an ITO electrode modified with amine-terminated phosphonic acid. Nonspecifically adsorbed avidin on the hydrophobic sidewalls of CCNT is used to immobilize biotinylated antibody and to reduce the nonspecific binding to CCNT. The biotinylated antimouse IgG bound on avidin and the antimouse IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) sandwiches a target mouse IgG. ALP catalyzes the conversion of p-aminophenyl phosphate monohydrate into p-aminophenol, which is electrocatalytically oxidized to p-quinone imine on CCNT surface. Moderate electrocatalytic electrode obtained with the combination of CCNT and ITO allows low detection limit (0.1 ng/ mL).
Design of image barcodes for future mobile advertising (2017)

Mobile advertising refers to communication in which mobile phones are used as a medium to efficiently attract potential customers. Among mobile advertising applications, barcodes are becoming a very powerful mobile commerce tool. By capturing a barcode with a camera scanner, people can easily access a wealth of information online. Barcodes have thus converted hard copies of newspapers, wallpapers, and magazines into crucial platforms for mobile commerce. However, although barcodes are frequently used for embedding information in printed matter, they have unsightly overt patterns. Concealing data in visually meaningful image barcodes (such as trademarks) instead of using extra barcode areas has the advantage of increasing the added value of using conventional barcode patterns, and thus, it is desirable for future mobile advertising. This paper presents a novel data-hiding method for halftone images. Without obeying the barcode format, we treat the image itself as an entire carrier to embed data. Hence, data-hiding and halftoning algorithms are integrated into our method to against the extreme bi-level quantization in the printing process.