gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar Simulated Ultraviolet Radiation Induces Global Histone Hypoacetylation in Human Keratinocytes (2016)

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) from sunlight is the primary effector of skin DNA damage. Chromatin remodeling and histone post-translational modification (PTM) are critical factors in repairing DNA damage and maintaining genomic integrity, however, the dynamic changes of histone marks in response to solar UVR are not well characterized. Here we report global changes in histone PTMs induced by solar simulated UVR (ssUVR). A decrease in lysine acetylation of histones H3 and H4, particularly at positions of H3 lysine 9, lysine 56, H4 lysine 5, and lysine 16, was found in human keratinocytes exposed to ssUVR. These acetylation changes were highly associated with ssUVR in a dose-dependent and time-specific manner. Interestingly, H4K16ac, a mark that is crucial for higher order chromatin structure, exhibited a persistent reduction by ssUVR that was transmitted through multiple cell divisions. In addition, the enzymatic activities of histone acetyltransferases were significantly reduced in irradiated cells, which may account for decreased global acetylation. Moreover, depletion of histone deacetylase SIRT1 in keratinocytes rescued ssUVR-induced H4K16 hypoacetylation. These results indicate that ssUVR affects both HDAC and HAT activities, leading to reduced histone acetylation.
Example-based query generation for spontaneous speech (2005)

This paper proposes a new query generation method that is based on examples of human-to-human dialogue. Along with modeling the information flow in dialogue, a system for information retrieval in-car has been designed. The system refers to the dialogue corpus to find an example that is similar to input speech, and makes a query from the example. We also give the experimental results to show the effectiveness of this method.
Recent Advances in Subunit Vaccine Carriers (2016)

The lower immunogenicity of synthetic subunit antigens, compared to live attenuated vaccines, is being addressed with improved vaccine carriers. Recent reports indicate that the physio-chemical properties of these carriers can be altered to achieve optimal antigen presentation, endosomal escape, particle bio-distribution, and cellular trafficking. The carriers can be modified with various antigens and ligands for dendritic cells targeting. They can also be modified with adjuvants, either covalently or entrapped in the matrix, to improve cellular and humoral immune responses against the antigen. As a result, these multi-functional carrier systems are being explored for use in active immunotherapy against cancer and infectious diseases. Advancing technology, improved analytical methods, and use of computational methodology have also contributed to the development of subunit vaccine carriers. This review details recent breakthroughs in the design of nano-particulate vaccine carriers, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and inorganic nanoparticles.
Plasma-Depleted Platelet Concentrates Prepared with a New Washing Solution (1993)

In certain clinical situations, complete removal of the plasma proteins from the platelet concentrates (PCs) is necessary by washing prior to transfusion. A simple electrolyte solution with a pH of 6.5 was developed for washing PCs. The platelet-rich plasma collected with acid-citrate-dextrose solution by apheresis in a 0.6-liter polyolefin bag was centrifuged. After removal of the supernatant plasma from pelleted platelet buttons, 200 ml of a washing solution consisting of 90 mM NaCl, 5 mM KCl, 3 mM MgCl(2), 17 mM NaH(2)PO(4), 8 mM Na(2)HPO(4), 23 mM Na acetate, 17 mM Na(3) citrate, 23.5 mM glucose, 2 mM adenine, 0.1% dextran, and 28.8 mM maltose (pH 6.5) was added to the pelleted platelet button. Steam sterilization of the solution was carried out under nitrogen to avoid caramelization of glucose. After resuspension of the pelleted platelet button with a washing solution and a second centrifugation. Seto additive solution (Seto sol, pH 7.4) was introduced into the bag to resuspend the platelet buttons for storage for 3 days at 22°C. All of these procedures were completed within 3 h using a sterile docking device. In washed PCs, 99.1% of the plasma was removed and platelet recovery was 96%. The washed PCs were compared for 3 days with plasma-poor PCs consisting of 11% plasma and 89% Seto solution. There were no significant differences in percent hypotonic shock response, aggregation, energy metabolism, and morphology of platelets between the two groups during 3 days, except for significant swelling of 3-day- old platelets in washed PCs. We conclude that washing PCs with a newly developed medium and resuspension by Seto sol (pH 7.4) had minimum detri- menal effects on further storage for 3 days. It is indicated that the procedure described here is relatively simple and can be finished within 3 h after the collection of platelets, and since plasma removal was sufficiently high, a new plasma-depleted PC product may be a valuable therapeutic tool for hemostasis therapy with reduced side effects from plasma proteins.
A fibroblast-derived tumor cytotoxic factor/F-TCF(hepatocyte growth factor/HGF) has multiple functions in vitro (1991)

We previously demonstrated that a tumor cytotoxic factor(F-TCF) purified from the culture broth of human embryonic lung diploid fibroblast, IMR-90 cells was one of the human hepatocyte growth factors (hHGFs). In the present report, we demonstrate its biological functions. F-TCF showed moderate cytotoxicity on human tumor cell lines KB, BG-1, MCF-7 and Hs913 T, and strong cytotoxicity on mouse tumor cell lines Sarcoma 180, Meth A sarcoma and P388. On the contrary, F-TCF was a potent mitogen not only for adult rat hepatocytes, but also for human endothelial cells, HUVEC and human melanocytes. Moreover, F-TCF induced the differentiation of premyelocyte leukemia, HL-60 cells into morphologically granulocyte-like cells. These biological functions suggest that F-TCF is an effector molecule responsible for inflammation and repair in injured tissues including tumor and liver.
Double-sided polishing long period fiber grating sensors for measuring liquid refractive index (2009)

A new liquid refractive index sensor using double-sided polishing long-period fiber gratings (DSP-LPFG) is presented. The influence of residual cladding thickness on the sensitivity of measuring liquid refractive index is investigated. The proposed sensor response to external liquid refractive indices varying in the range of <i>n</i>=1.330 - 1.375 has been carried out by measuring the transmission wavelength changes. Experimental results show that well-controlled polishing parameters can significantly increase the sensitivity. The sensitivity of -143.396 nm/RIU can be obtained in this study.
An evolvable antenna system for optimizing signal strength in-situ (2003)

With the rise in wireless data communications, it is increasingly important that antennas be able to deliver as strong and consistent a signal as possible to a receiver. The evolvable antenna system in this paper shows that an evolutionary algorithm and a reconfigurable antenna can be used to optimize received signal strength in "real" surroundings and outperform a conventional antenna.
Rapid onset of intestinal epithelial and lymphocyte apoptotic cell death in patients with trauma and shock (2000)

Focal apoptosis of intestinal epithelial and lymphoid tissues occurs extremely rapidly after injury. Apoptotic loss of intestinal epithelial cells may compromise bowel wall integrity and be a mechanism for bacterial or endotoxin translocation into the systemic circulation. Apoptosis of lymphocytes may impair immunologic defenses and predispose to infection.
Current and Emerging Infectious Risks of Blood Transfusions (2003)

THE BLOOD SUPPLY IN THE UNITED States and other developed countries has never been as safe as it is now. During the past several decades, there have been dramatic progressive reductions in the risk of transfusion-transmitted clinically significant blood-borne infections. This has been accomplished as a result of extensive research to characterize transfusiontransmitted pathogens, development of strategies to measure infection rates in blood donor and recipient populations, characterization of the dynamics of early viremia, and implementation of progressively more restrictive donor eligibility criteria and increasingly sensitive laboratory screening methods. In addition, regulatory oversight by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has been strengthened, resulting in enhanced quality assurance programs in blood collection and transfusion facilities. Pathogen reduction methods, already successfully applied to pooled plasma derivatives (eg, albumin, clotting factor concentrates, immunoglobulin preparations) are now in development for cellular blood components and fresh-frozen plasma. If these methods are approved by the FDA and widely implemented, they could virtually eliminate the risk of transmission by transfusions of both known and emerging infectious agents in technologically advanced countries. This progress needs to be balanced against the continued emergence of potential new transfusiontransmissible pathogens and the disparity in blood safety in developing countries where resources are insufficient to enable basic infectious disease donor screening.
Angiogenesis in Lung Development, Injury and Repair: Implications for Chronic Lung Disease of Prematurity (2007)

Since the initial description of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) 40 years ago, advances in perinatal care have allowed the survival of infants that are more immature. The disease has not disappeared, but it now affects infants with undeveloped distal airspaces, resulting in an arrest of alveolar development. The histological changes that occur during normal lung development are well described, but little is known about the signaling mechanisms that regulate saccular and alveolar development. Understanding how alveoli and the underlying capillary network develop and how these mechanisms are disrupted in preterm infants with BPD is critical to develop efficient and effective therapies for lung diseases characterized by alveolar damage. This brief review focuses on the recently recognized role of angiogenic growth factors during normal alveolar development, injury and repair with a particular emphasis on the vascular endothelial growth factor.
Innovative Engineering Concepts for Unit Train Service: The Slackless Drawbar Train and Continuous Center Sill Trough Train (1989)

The design, engineering analysis, and test results of slackless drawbar equipped unit coal trains will be presented. In addition, the design of a continuous center sill, open trough 500 ft. hopper car will be detailed.
DBpedia – A large-scale, multilingual knowledge base extracted from Wikipedia (2015)

The DBpedia community project extracts structured, multilingual knowledge from Wikipedia and makes it freely available on the Web using Semantic Web and Linked Data technologies. The project extracts knowledge from 111 different language editions of
Falciparum malaria: current therapeutic challenges (2004)

A range of newer drugs and fixed drug combinations are now available that are safe and effective. However, these drugs remain expensive and their introduction will require political and financial support at every level. Considerable work is still required to achieve a better understanding of the processes involved in the pathogenesis of severe and complicated malaria. Only then will it be possible to develop new and appropriate therapies that will be widely applicable.
High Frequency Signal Propagation in Solid Dielectric Tape Shielded Power Cables (2011)

High frequency signal propagation in shielded power cable is important to many cable diagnostic techniques including time domain reflectometry, partial discharge location, etc. The signal propagation characteristics, including electromagnetic propagation velocity, cable characteristic impedance, and attenuation are well studied in power cables with concentric neutral wires or solid metallic shield. However, high frequency signal propagation in tape shielded cable is more complicated as conduction at the tape laps tends to decrease with cable aging, which forces more of shield current to spiral down the tape shield. The cable inductance increases with the fraction of the shield current in circumferential direction, which affects all the signal propagation characteristics. High frequency signal propagation characteristics of tape shielded power cable were studied using a custom manufactured 15 kV cable sample which has a PET tape intercalated with the copper tape shield to eliminate conduction at the overlap, which simulates the effects of corrosion in aged tape shielded cables. The inductance of the cable sample was computed as a function of fraction of shield current following a spiraling path along the cable, as were the signal propagation velocity, and the cable characteristic impedance, all of which are in reasonable agreements with measurements. Calculations and measurements of high frequency attenuation indicate that large eddy current and “transformer effect” losses in the ground shield semicon dominate once a substantial fraction of shield current spirals down the tape.
Preparation and evaluation of proliposomes containing propranolol hydrochloride (1995)

Proliposomes were prepared by the penetration of a methanol-chloroform solution of propranolol hydrochloride (PH) and lecithin into microporous sorbitol, with subsequent vacuum drying. They were characterized for surface morphology and flowability, and following the conversion to liposomes upon hydration, size distribution, drug content and in vitro drug release of the reconstituted liposomes were examined. The porous structure of sorbitol was maintained in the proliposomes, affording the proliposomes good flowability at lecithin-to-sorbitol ratios (w/w) of not more than 0.2. Multilamellar liposomes were reconstituted spontaneously from the proliposomes upon hydration. The mean diameter of the resultant liposomes was highly dependent on the PH-to-lecithin ratio, but less dependent on the lecithin-to-sorbitol ratio and sorbitol particle size (105-710 microns). Entrapment efficiency of PH in liposomes showed a maximum 10% at PH-to-lecithin ratio < 0.5 and a lecithin-to-sorbitol ratio > 0.1. Sustained release of propranolol from the proliposomes was achieved when the lecithin-to-PH ratio was > 2, and the lecithin-to-sorbitol ratio was in the range examined (0.067-0.2). In conclusion, granular proliposomes of PH with good flowability and sustained release characteristics could be prepared by controlling the drug/lecithin/sorbitol ratio and sorbitol particle size. PH proliposomes can be potential candidates for the sustained drug delivery of propranolol when applied directly onto the mucosal membranes.
Typing of feline calicivirus isolates from different clinical groups by virus neutralisation tests (1993)

One hundred and thirteen isolates of feline calicivirus originating from seven different clinical groups were typed by virus neutralisation tests using eight different cat antisera. The clinical groups comprised 'healthy' cats, cases of acute oral/respiratory disease, chronic stomatitis, acute febrile lameness syndrome, vaccine reactions (clinical disease seen within 21 days of vaccination) and vaccine breakdowns (clinical disease seen more than 21 days after but within one year of vaccination). Isolates from the vaccine reaction cases were grouped into those associated with acute oral/respiratory disease alone and those associated with the lameness syndrome, and the latter group was further subdivided according to the vaccine used. Two groups appeared significantly different from others with some of the antisera. Thus the lameness vaccine reaction isolates associated with vaccine B were significantly different from the isolates from all the other clinical groups, including other lameness isolates, with a number of the antisera. In addition, the chronic stomatitis isolates were significantly different from those from the 'healthy' and the acute oral/respiratory disease groups with one or two of the antisera. Eighty-five to 88 per cent of the isolates were neutralised by antisera raised against F9 or F9-like vaccine strains at a dilution of 1 in 2. Twenty antibody units of such antisera neutralised 42 to 80 per cent of the isolates. A bivalent antiserum raised against a vaccine F9 strain and field strain LS015 neutralised 96 per cent of the isolates at a dilution of 1 in 2, and 20 antibody units neutralised 68 per cent of isolates. Antisera to field strain F65 neutralised all the remaining isolates at a dilution of 1 in 2 and 44 per cent of the remaining isolates at a dilution of 20 antibody units. Therefore, strains LS015 and F65 may be of use in the production of a polyvalent feline calicivirus vaccine, together with the widely used strain F9.
My china! (2010)

Art and craft offers a great opportunity for recycling and re-using bits and pieces, rather than throwing them away. The following activities look at how you can create ‘china art’ projects with children of all ages.
Point mutations in the Human Vitamin D Receptor Gene Associated with Hypocalcemic Rickets (1988)

Hypocalcemic vitamin D-resistant rickets is a human genetic disease resulting from target organ resistance to the action of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Two families with affected children homozygous for this autosomal recessive disorder were studied for abnormalities in the intracellular vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its gene. Although the receptor displays normal binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 hormone, VDR from affected family members has a decreased affinity for DNA. Genomic DNA isolated from these families was subjected to oligonucleotide-primed DNA amplification, and each of the nine exons encoding the receptor protein was sequenced for a genetic mutation. In each family, a different single nucleotide mutation was found in the DNA binding domain of the protein; one family near the tip of the first zinc finger (Gly----Asp) and one at the tip of the second zinc finger (Arg----Gly). The mutant residues were created in vitro by oligonucleotide directed point mutagenesis of wild-type VDR complementary DNA and this cDNA was transfected into COS-1 cells. The produced protein is biochemically indistinguishable from the receptor isolated from patients.
The role of microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1 (MACF1) in the Wnt signaling pathway (2006)

MACF1 (microtubule actin cross-linking factor 1) is a multidomain protein that can associate with microfilaments and microtubules. We found that MACF1 was highly expressed in neuronal tissues and the foregut of embryonic day 8.5 (E8.5) embryos and the head fold and primitive streak of E7.5 embryos. MACF1(-/-) mice died at the gastrulation stage and displayed developmental retardation at E7.5 with defects in the formation of the primitive streak, node, and mesoderm. This phenotype was similar to Wnt-3(-/-) and LRP5/6 double-knockout embryos. In the absence of Wnt, MACF1 associated with a complex that contained Axin, beta-catenin, GSK3beta, and APC. Upon Wnt stimulation, MACF1 appeared to be involved in the translocation and subsequent binding of the Axin complex to LRP6 at the cell membrane. Reduction of MACF1 with small interfering RNA decreased the amount of beta-catenin in the nucleus, and led to an inhibition of Wnt-induced TCF/beta-catenin-dependent transcriptional activation. Similar results were obtained with a dominant-negative MACF1 construct that contained the Axin-binding region. Reduction of MACF1 in Wnt-1-expressing P19 cells resulted in decreased T (Brachyury) gene expression, a DNA-binding transcription factor that is a direct target of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling and required for mesoderm formation. These results suggest a new role of MACF1 in the Wnt signaling pathway.
Virtual view synthesis without preprocessing depth image for depth image based rendering (2011)

Virtual view synthesis has been considered as a crucial technique in three-dimensional television (3DTV) display, where depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) is a key technology. In order to improve the virtual image quality, a method without preprocessing the depth image is proposed. During the synthesis, the hole-flag map is fully utilized. A Horizontal, Vertical and Diagonal Extrapolation (HVDE) using depth information algorithm is also proposed for filling the tiny cracks. After blending, main virtual view image is obtained. Then the image generated by filtering the depth image is regarded as assistant image to fill small holes in the main image. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain better performance in both subjective quality and objective evaluation.
[The effect of natural zeolite on the excretion and distribution of radiocesium in rats]. (1989)

Observation was made of the influence of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) supplement in food on 134Cs excretion and distribution after oral internal contamination of laboratory brown rats. After diet administration with 2.5, 5, and 10% zeolite supplement the 134Cs elimination in droppings increased and the radionuclide deposition in liver, kidneys and femoral musculature decreased. The zeolite decontamination effects were observed with preventive administration, as well as with sorbent administration from the 24th hour after a single internal contamination.
Advances on Sensitive Electron-Injection Based Cameras for Low-Flux, Short-Wave Infrared Applications (2016)

Short-wave infrared (SWIR) photon detection has become an essential technology in the modern world. Sensitive SWIR detector arrays with high pixel density, low noise levels and high signal-to-noise-ratios are highly desirable for a variety of applications including biophotonics, light detection and ranging, optical tomography, and astronomical imaging. As such many efforts in infrared detector research are directed towards improving the performance of the photon detectors operating in this wavelength range. We review the history, principle of operation, present status and possible future developments of a sensitive SWIR detector technology, which has demonstrated to be one of the most promising paths to high pixel density focal plane arrays for low flux applications. The so-called electron-injection (EI) detector was demonstrated for the first time (in 2007). It offers an overall system-level sensitivity enhancement compared to the p-i-n diode due to a stable internal avalanche-free gain. The amplification method is inherently low noise, and devices exhibit an excess noise of unity. The detector operates in linear-mode and requires only bias voltage of a few volts. The stable detector characteristics, makes formation of high yield large-format, and high pixel density focal plane arrays less challenging compared to other detector technologies such as avalanche photodetectors. Detector is based on the mature InP material system (InP/InAlAs/GaAsSb/InGaAs), and has a cutoff wavelength of 1700 nm. It takes advantage of a unique three-dimensional geometry and combines the efficiency of a large absorbing volume with the sensitivity of a low-dimensional switch (injector) to sense and amplify signals. Current devices provide high-speed response ~ 5 ns rise time, and low jitter ~ 12 ps at room temperature. The internal dark current density is ~ 1 μA/cm2 at room temperature decreasing to 0.1 nA/cm2 at 160 K. EI detectors have been designed, fabricated, and tested during two generations of development and optimization cycles. We review our imager results using the first-generation detectors. In the second-generation devices, the dark current is reduced by two orders of magnitude, and bandwidth is improved by 4 orders of magnitude. The dark current density of the EI detector is shown to outperform the state-of-the-art technology, the
Wavelet Transforms: Introduction to Theory and Applications (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.