gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immature and Mature Dengue Serotype 1 Virus Structures Provide Insight into the Maturation Process (2013)

Dengue virus is a major human pathogen that has four serotypes (DENV1 to -4). Here we report the cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of immature and mature DENV1 at 6- and 4.5-Å resolution, respectively. The subnanometer-resolution maps allow accurate placement of all of the surface proteins. Although the immature and mature viruses showed vastly different surface protein organizations, the envelope protein transmembrane (E-TM) regions remain in similar positions. The pivotal role of the E-TM regions leads to the identification of the start and end positions of all surface proteins during maturation.
Impact of Occult Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (2006)

Abstract Using sensitive PCR assays, lower titers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA has been detected in surface antigen (HBsAg)-negative patients, i.e., occult HBV infection, especially for those from HBV-endemic area. The pathogenic role of occult HBV infection has been studied in patients with HIV and HCV infection; however, its impact on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is not understood at present. To examine the prevalence of occult HBV infection and resulting hepatic events through the course of HSCT, allogeneic HSCT recipients (and their donors) who were negative to HCV infection and HBsAg-negative before transplantation and had an at least 12 months of follow-up after transplantation were enrolled for the study, with serial follow up of serum HBV-DNA, HBV serology, and liver function tests through the course of HSCT. Nested PCR with 3 independent sets of primers were used to detect pre-S/S, precore/core and X viral regions of HBV as previously described, and those reactive by at least two of the three PCR assays were considered to have occult HBV infected. The impact of pre-transplant occult HBV infection was evaluated in terms of post-transplant HBV infection after transplantation. Between 1995 and 2004, 60 HBsAg-negative pairs of allogeneic HSCT recipients and donors were enrolled, with the characteristics of recipients: median age of 30 years (9–59), F/M=20/40, diagnosis including 18 AML, 12 ALL, 18 CML, 4 NHL and 8 SAA, graft including 28 BM and 32 PBSC, and preparative regimens including 44 myeloablative (BUCY and CYTBI) and 16 nonmyeloablative (fludarabine, busulfan and ATG). At transplant, total 6 recipients (10%, 6/60) and 2 donors (3%, 2/60) in different transplant pairs were found to occult HBV infection as defined. With a median follow up of 28 months (from 12.5 to 72 months) after transplantation, three of those 6 recipients with pre-transplant occult HBV infection (of whom all their donors had no occult HBV infection) had HBsAg appearance after transplantation. Importantly, for those two HSCT in which only donors were found to have occult HBV infection, occult HBV was only transiently detected in their recipients immediately after transplantation with a paralleled and transient elevation of quantitative serum HBV-DNA, but there was no HBsAg appearance. For the other recipients who did not have pre-transplant occult HBV infection, three also had HBsAg appearance. In conclusion, the impact of occult HBV infection on HSCT is mainly derived from those existed in the recipients rather than those from the donors.
Microfluidic Sample Preparation for Medical Diagnostics (2015)

Fast and reliable diagnoses are invaluable in clinical care. Samples (e.g., blood, urine, and saliva) are collected and analyzed for various biomarkers to quickly and sensitively assess disease progression, monitor response to treatment, and determine a patient's prognosis. Processing conventional samples entails many manual time-consuming steps. Consequently, clinical specimens must be processed by skilled technicians before antigens or nucleic acids are detected, and these are often present at dilute concentrations. Recently, several automated microchip technologies have been developed that potentially offer many advantages over traditional bench-top extraction methods. The smaller length scales and more refined transport mechanisms that characterize these microfluidic devices enable faster and more efficient biomarker enrichment and extraction. Additionally, they can be designed to perform multiple tests or experimental steps on one integrated, automated platform. This review explores the current research on microfluidic methods of sample preparation that are designed to aid diagnosis, and covers a broad spectrum of extraction techniques and designs for various types of samples and analytes.
Reasoning with vectors: A continuous model for fast robust inference (2014)

This paper describes the use of continuous vector space models for reasoning with a formal knowledge base. The practical significance of these models is that they support fast, approximate but robust inference and hypothesis generation, which is complementary to the slow, exact, but sometimes brittle behavior of more traditional deduction engines such as theorem provers. The paper explains the way logical connectives can be used in semantic vector models, and summarizes the development of Predication-based Semantic Indexing, which involves the use of Vector Symbolic Architectures to represent the concepts and relationships from a knowledge base of subject-predicate-object triples. Experiments show that the use of continuous models for formal reasoning is not only possible, but already demonstrably effective for some recognized informatics tasks, and showing promise in other traditional problem areas. Examples described in this paper include: predicting new uses for existing drugs in biomedical informatics; removing unwanted meanings from search results in information retrieval and concept navigation; type-inference from attributes; comparing words based on their orthography; and representing tabular data, including modelling numerical values. The algorithms and techniques described in this paper are all publicly released and freely available in the Semantic Vectors open-source software package.
Crystal growth, spectroscopy, and laser characteristics of Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ (1988)

The vertical-gradient-freeze technique has been used to grow laser-quality Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ single crystals. Ti/sup 3+/-Ti/sup 4+/ pairs have been shown to be responsible for the residual infrared absorption. Room-temperature oscillator and amplifier experiments are reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
RAPID PURIFICATION OF TRI-IODOTHYRONINE AND THYROXINE PROTEIN CONJUGATES FOR ANTIBODY PRODUCTION (1975)

Thyroxine (T-4) and tri-iodothyronine (T-3) were coupled to human serum albumin (HSA) with carbodi-imide. By adsorption chromatography on Sephadex G-25, fractions containing purified conjugate, but not reversibly-bound T-3 or T-4, were obtained, and this procedure took 5 h; considerably less than the conventional dialysis technique. Highly specific high-titre antisera were produced in rabbits and guinea-pigs by injection of these fractions in Freund's adjuvant.
Virtualize for Architecture Sustainability in Industrial Automation (2013)

The technique of virtualization and cloud computing to manage system functionality and resources regardless of their physical locations is changing the way businesses and users interact with IT resources. Although several commercially available virtualization solutions already exist in the market, both for server and embedded real-time based systems, the deployment of virtualization and cloud-based technologies into the industrial automation domain is new. In this paper, we will first present the emerging trends of industrial automation domain and identify the architectural sustainability challenges that follow. Based on these challenges, we will then analyze how virtualization technology can contribute to cope with them, as well as the additional opportunities that it brings to industrial automation domain. The contributions of this paper are (1) to communicate the main trends happening in industrial automation, (2) clarify the architecture sustainability challenges that the automation domain is facing, and (3) identify the potentials of further utilizing virtualization technology in the industry domain.
Wideband Dual-Polarization Patch Antenna Array With Parallel Strip Line Balun Feeding (2016)

A wideband dual-polarization patch antenna array is proposed in this letter. The array is fed by a parallel strip line balun, which is adopted to generate 180° phase shift in a wide frequency range. In addition, this balun has simple structure, very small phase shift error, and good ports isolation. The working band of the antenna array is from 1.88 to 2.9 GHz with a relative bandwidth of 41.7%. The height of the antenna array is only 0.144λ, and the cross polarization is below -20 dB. Two feeding ports are presented, which correspond to two orthogonal linear polarization. The isolation between the ports is higher than 30 dB. The simulation and measurement turns out to be similar. This antenna array can be used in TD-LTE base stations, and the design methods are also useful to other wideband microstrip antennas.
A Data-Driven Approach to Dynamically Adjust Resource Allocation for Compute Clusters (2018)

Nowadays, data-centers are largely under-utilized because resource allocation is based on reservation mechanisms which ignore actual resource utilization. Indeed, it is common to reserve resources for peak demand, which may occur only for a small portion of the application life time. As a consequence, cluster resources often go under-utilized. In this work, we propose a mechanism that improves cluster utilization, thus decreasing the average turnaround time, while preventing application failures due to contention in accessing finite resources such as RAM. Our approach monitors resource utilization and employs a data-driven approach to resource demand forecasting, featuring quantification of uncertainty in the predictions. Using demand forecast and its confidence, our mechanism modulates cluster resources assigned to running applications, and reduces the turnaround time by more than one order of magnitude while keeping application failures under control. Thus, tenants enjoy a responsive system and providers benefit from an efficient cluster utilization.
Modeling Consciousness and Cognition in Software Agents (2000)

Here we describe the architectures of two “conscious ” software agents and the relatively comprehensive conceptual and computational models derived from them. Modules for perception, working memory, associative memory, “consciousness, ” emotions, action selection, deliberation, and metacognition are included. The mechanisms implementing the agents are mostly drawn from the “new AI, ” but include both symbolic and connectionist-like features. These models promise to yield testable hypotheses for cognitive science and cognitive neuroscience. We also explore briefly the relationship of these architectures to several recent theories of cognition including embodied cognition and the dynamical systems approach. Autonomous and Cognitive Agents Artificial intelligence pursues the twin goals of understanding human intelligence and of producing intelligent software and/or artifacts. Designing, implementing and experimenting with autonomous agents furthers both these goals in a synergistic way. In particular, designing and implementing within the constraints of a theory of cognition can further the first goal by providing conceptual and computational models of that theory. An autonomous agent (Franklin
Serum Analyte Profiles Associated With Crohn’s Disease and Disease Location (2021)

Multiple serum analytes are elevated in CD. These implicate the involvement of multiple cell types from the immune, epithelial, and endothelial systems, suggesting that circulating analytes reflect the inflammatory processes that are ongoing within the gut. Moreover, the identification of distinct profiles according to disease location supports the existence of a biological difference between ileal and colonic CD, consistent with previous genetic and clinical observations.
Purification and properties of an iron‐sulfur‐containing and pyridoxal‐phosphate‐independent <scp>l</scp>‐Serine dehydratase from <i>Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus</i> (1991)

L-Serine dehydratase with a specific activity of 15 nkat/mg protein was present in the anaerobic eubacterium Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus grown either on L-glutamate or L-serine. The enzyme was highly specific for L-serine with the lowest Km = 0.8 mM ever reported for an L-serine dehydratase. L-Threonine (Km = 22 mM) was the only other substrate. V/Km for L-serine was 500 times higher than that for L-threonine. L-Cysteine was the best inhibitor (Ki = 0.3 mM, competitive towards L-serine). The enzyme was purified 400-fold to homogeneity under anaerobic conditions (specific activity 6 mukat/mg). PAGE in the presence of SDS revealed two subunits with similar intensities (alpha, 30 kDa; beta, 25 kDa). The molecular mass of the native enzyme was estimated as 200 +/- 20 kDa (gel filtration) and 180 kDa (gradient PAGE). In the absence of oxygen the enzyme was moderately stable even in the presence of sodium borohydride or phenylhydrazine (5 mM each). However, by exposure to air the activity was lost, especially when the latter agent was added. The enzyme was reactivated by ferrous ion under anaerobic conditions. The inability of several nucleophilic agents to inactivate the enzyme indicated the absence of pyridoxal phosphate. This was confirmed by a microbiological determination of pyridoxal phosphate. However, the enzyme contained 3.8 +/- 0.2 mol Fe and 5.6 +/- 0.3 mol inorganic sulfur/mol heterodimer (55 kDa) indicating the presence of an [Fe-S] center. The enzyme was successfully applied to measure L-serine concentrations in bacterial media and in human sera.
The effect of chlorine on the viscosity of Na2O-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 melts (2006)

The shear viscosities of Cl-bearing melts in the system Na2O-Fe2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 were determined at temperatures of 550-950 °C in the range of 108.5 to 1012.0 Pa s using the micropenetration technique. The compositions are based on addition of Fe2O3 or FeCl3 to aluminosilicate glasses with a fixed amount of SiO2 (67 mol%). Although there was loss of Cl- during the glass syntheses, no loss occurred during the viscometry experiments. It is to be expected that Cl- takes the structural position of O2-, and thus reduces the polymerization of the melt structure, and therefore the viscosity of the melt; as F- does. Our measurements show that the presence of Cl- increases or decreases the viscosity of the melts as a function of melt composition. In the present melts, at least 10% of the Fe exists as network-modifying or charge-balancing Fe2+; whereas the rest exists as network-forming Fe3+. It is proposed here that the different effects of Cl on viscosity are due to the preferred Cl--Fe2+NBO bonding together with the different structure of peralkaline and peraluminous melts. In peralkaline aluminosilicate melts, the addition of Cl2O-1 will destroy 2 NBOs and create one BO if Cl- bonds primarily to the Fe2+ creating non-bridging O atoms. This would result in an increase in viscosity. In peraluminous melts, the addition of Cl2O-1 may result in Cl- bonds to the charge-balancing Fe2+, creating 2 new tri-clusters [assuming (Al3+,Fe3+)Si2O5 tri-clusters exist]. The preference of Cl- to form bonds to the NBO-forming Fe2+ is indicated by the small amount of Cl- soluble in the peraluminous melt structure in comparison to that soluble in the peralkaline structure.
Laboratory experiments of TDD/SDMA OFDM wireless backhaul in a downlink for hierarchical broadband wireless access systems (2008)

In next generation broadband wireless access (BWA) systems, cell shrinkage and blind zones might occur at cell edges due to constraints on transmission power and the increase in propagation loss with broadband and higher frequency bands, respectively. Thus, hierarchical BWA systems consisting of micro and macro base transceiver stations (BSs) installed around the macro BS are considered as one of the candidate radio access network architectures for the next generation BWA systems. In the hierarchical BWA system, a wireless backhaul between micro and macro BSs needs high capacity transmission to serve all subscriber stations (SSs) in each micro BSs. In this paper, we developed a prototype of a time division duplex (TDD) / orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) wireless broadband backhaul, with a space division multiple access (SDMA) technique applied, for the next generation hierarchical BWA systems and carried out laboratory experiments in an anechoic chamber room to evaluate the transmit beamforming performances. The laboratory experiments showed that the TDD/SDMA OFDM wireless backhaul was capable of realizing accurate transmit beamforming with a calibration function in each sub-carriers, and the throughput performance with a 4-element array antenna was achieved more three times more than that without SDMA.
Three-dimensional topometry with stereo microscopes (1997)

A stereo microscope arrangement used for visual quality in- spection is extended to a fast 3-D topometer using the fringe projection technique. With specially designed binary gratings, an ideal sinusoidal intensity distribution can be achieved for an optimized illumination. Using a two-grating technique, the unambiguity range can be increased signifi- cantly. Thus, various applications can be solved with this method as is discussed. The resolution that can be achieved depends on the field of view, which at a large magnification is below 0.2mm. © 1997 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(97)01212-9)
The Metalloprotease Meprinβ Processes E-Cadherin and Weakens Intercellular Adhesion (2008)

By identifying E-cadherin as a substrate for meprin beta in a cellular context, this study reveals a novel biological role of this protease in epithelial cells. Our results suggest a crucial role for meprin beta in the control of adhesiveness via cleavage of E-cadherin with potential implications in a wide range of biological processes including epithelial barrier function and cancer progression.
Development of immunization trials against Acinetobacter baumannii (2016)

Acinetobacter baumannii has recently crossed all lines once considered harmless, pushing its way as a nosocomial pathogen. It had acquired resistance to almost all available chemotherapies and mainly targets intensive care residents; causing pneumonia and major outbreaks with high mortality rates. This urged the need for preventive methods, which include infection control, non-specific immune-therapy, passive, and active immunization in order to offer vulnerable immune-compromised patients a flare in the dark. Several attempts were done for constructing effective vaccines with promising results. These are precisely classified, documented, and discussed in this up-to-date review.
An engineered sorbitol cycle alters sugar composition, not growth, in transformed tobacco (2006)

Many efforts have been made to engineer stress tolerance by accumulating polyols. Transformants that accumulate polyols often show growth inhibition, because polyols are synthesized as a dead-end product in plants that do not naturally accumulate polyols. Here, we show a novel strategy in which a sorbitol cycle was engineered by introducing apple cDNA encoding NAD-dependent sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) in addition to sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (S6PDH). Tobacco plants transformed only with S6PDH showed growth inhibition, and very few transformants were obtained. In contrast, many transgenic plants with both S6PDH and SDH were easily obtained, and their growth was normal despite their accumulation of sorbitol. Interestingly, the engineered sorbitol cycle enhanced the accumulation of sucrose instead of fructose that was expected to be increased. Sucrose, rather than fructose, was also increased in the immature fruit of tomato plants transformed with an antisense fructokinase gene in which the phosphorylation of fructose was inhibited. A common phenomenon was observed in the metabolic engineering of two different pathways, showing the presence of homeostatic regulation of fructose levels.
Vibrotactile sensory substitution in multi-fingered hand prostheses: Evaluation studies (2011)

This paper presents a vibrotactile sensory substitution system that could be used to deliver sensory feedback to transradial amputees wearing a myoelectric hand prosthesis. The novelty is an architecture that allows simultaneous variation of both amplitude and frequency using low-cost components and traditional techniques. The small dimension of the system allows to place it on different target points of the residual limb of an amputee (e.g. corresponding to phantom fingers). Experiments to evaluate the human capability to discriminate differently modulated stimulations and stimulation sites were carried out on healthy volunteers. Subjects were able to properly discriminate the different force amplitudes exerted by the device at different fixed frequencies. The effect of amplitude on the frequency discrimination was also studied and for most subjects it was easier to discriminate a lower frequency when its amplitude was lower than the amplitude of the reference signal. The distance of the stimulation sites for an optimal discrimination was also identified.
An Improved Synthesis of Carbamates (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn Improved Synthesis of CarbamatesBernard Loev and Minerva F. KormendyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 12, 3421–3426Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01047a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01047a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1816Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient infeasibility handling in linear MPC subject to prioritized constraints (1999)

All practical MPC implementations should have a means to recover from infeasibility. We propose an algorithm designed for linear state-space MPC which optimally relaxes an infeasible prioritized MPC optimization problem into a feasible one by solving only one LP on-line in addition to the standard MPC optimization problem. By optimal it is meant that the violation of a lower prioritized constraint cannot be made less without increasing the violation of a higher prioritized constraint. It is shown how to design the LP off-line such that the computed constraint violations are optimal.