gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B7 and interleukin 12 cooperate for proliferation and interferon gamma production by mouse T helper clones that are unresponsive to B7 costimulation. (1994)

We have previously shown that dendritic cells isolated after overnight culture, which can express B7 and are potent stimulators of naive T cell proliferation, are relatively poor at inducing the proliferation of a panel of murine T helper 1 (Th1) clones. Maximal stimulation of Th1 clones was achieved using unseparated splenic antigen presenting cells (APC). An explanation for these findings is provided in the present study where we show that FcR+ L cells transfected with B7 stimulate minimal proliferation of Th1 clones in response to anti-CD3 antibodies, in contrast to induction of significant proliferation of naive T cells. However, addition of interleukin 12 (IL-12) to cultures of Th1 cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and FcR+ B7 transfectants resulted in a very pronounced increase in proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) production. Exogenous IL-12 did not affect the B7-induced proliferation of naive T cells. This showed that whereas costimulatory signals delivered via B7-CD28 interaction are sufficient to induce significant proliferation of naive T cells activated through occupancy of the T cell receptor, Th1 T cell clones require cooperative costimulation by B7 and IL-12. This costimulation was shown to be specific by inhibition of proliferation and IFN-gamma production using chimeric soluble cytolytic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4-human IgG1Fc (CTLA4-Ig) and anti-IL-12 antibodies. Furthermore, the significant antigen specific proliferation and IFN-gamma production by Th1 clones observed when splenocytes were used as APC was almost completely abrogated using CTLA4-Ig and anti-IL-12 antibodies. Thus two costimulatory signals, B7 and IL-12, account for the ability of splenic APC to induce maximal stimulation of Th1 clones. IL-10 downregulates the expression of IL-12 by IFN-gamma-stimulated macrophages and this may account largely for t the ability of IL-10 to inhibit APC function of splenic and macrophage APC for the induction of Th1 cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production. Indeed we show that IL-12 can overcome the inhibitory effect of IL-10 for the APC-dependent induction of proliferation and IFN-gamma production by Th1 clones. These results suggest that proliferation by terminally differentiated Th1 clones, in contrast to naive T cells, requires stimulation via membrane-bound B7 and a cytokine, IL-12. It is possible that these signals may result in the activation of unresponsive T cells during an inflammatory response. IL-10, by its role in regulating such innate inflammatory responses, may thus help to maintain these T cells in an unresponsive state.
Intermolecular, Branch‐Selective, and Redox‐Neutral Cp*Ir<sup>III</sup>‐Catalyzed Allylic C−H Amidation (2019)

Herein, we report the redox-neutral, intermolecular, and highly branch-selective amidation of allylic C-H bonds enabled by Cp*Ir<sup>III</sup> catalysis. A variety of readily available carboxylic acids were converted into the corresponding dioxazolones and efficiently coupled with terminal and internal olefins in high yields and selectivities. Mechanistic investigations support the formation of a nucleophilic Ir<sup>III</sup> -allyl intermediate rather than the direct insertion of an Ir-nitrenoid species into the allylic C-H bond.
Microtubule function in fibroblast spreading is modulated according to the tension state of cell–matrix interactions (2007)

Mechanical and physical features of the extracellular environment dramatically impact cell shape. Fibroblasts interacting with 3D relaxed collagen matrices appear much different from cells on 2D collagen-coated surfaces and form dendritic cell extensions that contain microtubule cores and actin-rich tips. We found that interfering with cellular microtubules caused cells in relaxed matrices to remain round and unable to form dendritic extensions, whereas fibroblasts on coverslips formed lamellipodial extensions and were spread completely without microtubules but were unable to become polarized. Fibroblasts in relaxed collagen matrices lack stress fibers, focal adhesions, and focal adhesion signaling. Fibroblasts on collagen-coated coverslips that were unable to develop stress fibers and focal adhesions, because of either adding blebbistatin to the cells or use of soft coverslips, also formed microtubule-dependent dendritic extensions. Conversely, fibroblasts interacting with precontracted collagen matrices developed stress fibers and lamellipodial extensions and required microtubules for polarization but not spreading. Our findings demonstrate an unexpected relationship between the role of microtubules in cell spreading and the tension state of cell-matrix interactions. At a low tension state (absence of stress fibers and focal adhesions) typical of fibroblasts in relaxed collagen matrices, cells spread with dendritic extensions whose formation requires microtubules; at a high tension state (stress fibers and focal adhesions) typical of cells on coverslips, cells spread with lamellipodial extensions and microtubules are required for cell polarization but not for spreading.
[Study on seed quality test and quality standard of Platycodon grandiflorum]. (2007)

The range of seed purity, weight per 1000 seeds, seed moisture content,seed viability were determined and the primary seed quality classification standard was established.
Handbook of Pattern Recognition and Computer Vision (2005)

Both pattern recognition and computer vision have experienced rapid progress in the last twenty-five years. This book provides the latest advances on pattern recognition and computer vision along with their many applications. It features articles written by renowned leaders in the field while topics are presented in readable form to a wide range of readers. The book is divided into five parts: basic methods in pattern recognition, basic methods in computer vision and image processing, recognition applications, life science and human identification, and systems and technology.
X-ray beam-position feedback system with easy-to-use beam-position monitor (2018)

X-ray beam-position stability is indispensable in cutting-edge experiments using synchrotron radiation. Here, for the first time, a beam-position feedback system is presented that utilizes an easy-to-use X-ray beam-position monitor incorporating a diamond-fluorescence screen. The acceptable range of the monitor is above 500 µm and the feedback system maintains the beam position within 3 µm. In addition to being inexpensive, the system has two key advantages: it works without a scale factor for position calibration, and it has no dependence on X-ray energy, X-ray intensity, beam size or beam shape.
Friction Reduction of Lubricant Base Oil by Micelles and Crosslinked Micelles of Block Copolymers (2009)

Diblock copolymers with one block soluble and the other block insoluble were dispersed in an industrial base oil (BO) to yield spherical micelles (SMs). SMs were also prepared in more manageable solvents that had similar solubility properties as the BO towards the copolymers but had lower viscosities and lower boiling points and absorbed less in the near UV region. The photocrosslinking of the cores of the latter micelles yielded crosslinked micelles or nanospheres. We have tested the lubrication properties of the micelle and nanosphere samples in BO under conditions simulating those found in automobile engines. Solutions of micelles and nanospheres with 2-cinnamoyloxyethyl acrylate units in their cores exhibited a unique friction reduction pattern and had friction coefficients that were significantly lower in the boundary lubrication regime (BLR) than in the mixed lubrication regime. Such particles reduced the friction of the BO by > 70% in the BLR and performed substantially better than the widely used industrial anti-friction agent glyceryl monooleate. The factors affecting this unique friction reduction behavior were investigated and a possible reason for it was proposed.
Randomized Comparison of Renal Denervation Versus Intensified Pharmacotherapy Including Spironolactone in True-Resistant Hypertension (2014)

This prospective, randomized, open-label multicenter trial evaluated the efficacy of catheter-based renal denervation (Symplicity, Medtronic) versus intensified pharmacological treatment including spironolactone (if tolerated) in patients with true-resistant hypertension. This was confirmed by 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring after excluding secondary hypertension and confirmation of adherence to therapy by measurement of plasma antihypertensive drug levels before enrollment. One-hundred six patients were randomized to renal denervation (n=52), or intensified pharmacological treatment (n=54) with baseline systolic blood pressure of 159±17 and 155±17 mm Hg and average number of drugs 5.1 and 5.4, respectively. A significant reduction in 24-hour average systolic blood pressure after 6 months (-8.6 [95% cofidence interval: -11.8, -5.3] mm Hg; P<0.001 in renal denervation versus -8.1 [95% cofidence interval: -12.7, -3.4] mm Hg; P=0.001 in pharmacological group) was observed, which was comparable in both groups. Similarly, a significant reduction in systolic office blood pressure (-12.4 [95% cofidence interval: -17.0, -7.8] mm Hg; P<0.001 in renal denervation versus -14.3 [95% cofidence interval: -19.7, -8.9] mm Hg; P<0.001 in pharmacological group) was present. Between-group differences in change were not significant. The average number of antihypertensive drugs used after 6 months was significantly higher in the pharmacological group (+0.3 drugs; P<0.001). A significant increase in serum creatinine and a parallel decrease of creatinine clearance were observed in the pharmacological group; between-group difference were borderline significant. The 6-month results of this study confirmed the safety of renal denervation. In conclusion, renal denervation achieved reduction of blood pressure comparable with intensified pharmacotherapy.
The hydration and polymerisation of succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and adipaldehyde (1972)

The 1H n.m.r. spectra of solutions of succinaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and adipaldehyde in deuterium oxide have been studied. At room temperature, the major component of solutions of succinaldehyde and glutaraldehyde is a cyclic monohydrate which is accompanied by the free aldehyde OCH·CH2·[CH2]n·CH2CHO, the acyclic monohydrate (DO)2CH·CH2·[CH2]n·CH2·CHO, and the dihydrate (DO)2CH·CH2·[CH2]n·CH2·CH(OD)2; at higher temperatures the free aldehyde content increases, mainly at the expense of the cyclic monohydrate. Adipaldehyde, by contrast, forms only the acyclic dihydrate. Although the undiluted aldehydes polymerise readily, their neutral aqueous solutions are stable for Iong periods; acidification induces rapid polymerisation. A common mechanism is suggested for hydration and polymerisation.
Role of Dopants in Long-Range Charge Carrier Transport for p-Type and n-Type Graphene Transparent Conducting Thin Films (2013)

Monolayer to few-layer graphene thin films have several attractive properties such as high transparency, exceptional electronic transport, mechanical durability, and environmental stability, which are required in transparent conducting electrodes (TCs). The successful incorporation of graphene TCs into demanding applications such as thin film photovoltaics requires a detailed understanding of the factors controlling long-range charge transport. In this study, we use spectroscopic and electrical transport measurements to provide a self-consistent understanding of the macroscopic (centimeter, many-grain scale) transport properties of chemically doped p-type and n-type graphene TCs. We demonstrate the first large-area n-type graphene TCs through the use of hydrazine or polyethyleneimine as dopants. The n-type graphene TCs utilizing PEI, either as the sole dopant or as an overcoat, have good stability in air compared to TCs only doped with hydrazine. We demonstrate a shift in Fermi energy of well over 1 V between the n- and p-type graphene TCs and a sheet resistance of ~50 Ω/sq at 89% visible transmittance. The carrier density is increased by 2 orders of magnitude in heavily doped graphene TCs, while the mobility is reduced by a factor of ~7 due to charged impurity scattering. Temperature-dependent measurements demonstrate that the molecular dopants also help to suppress processes associated with carrier localization that may limit the potential of intrinsic graphene TCs. These results suggest that properly doped graphene TCs may be well-suited as anodes or cathodes for a variety of opto-electronic applications.
Raman scattering of collagen, gelatin, and elastin (1975)

Abstract The Raman spectra of collagen, gelatin, and elastin are presented. The Raman lines in the latter two spectra are assigned by deuterating the amide N‐H groups in gelatin and by studying the superposition spectra of the constituent amino acids. Two lines appear at 1271 and 1248 cm −1 in the spectra of collagen and gelatin that can be assigned to the amide III mode. Possibly, the appearance of two amide III lines is related to the biphasic nature of the tropocollagen molecule, i.e., proline‐rich (nonpolar) and proline‐poor (polar) regions distributed along the chain. The melting, or collagen‐to‐gelatin transition, in water‐soluble calf skin collagen is studied and the 1248‐cm −1 amide III line is assigned to the 3 1 helical regions of the tropocollagen molecule. Elastin is thought to be mostly random and the Raman spectrum confirms this assertion. Strong amide I and III lines appear at 1668 and 1254 cm −1 , respectively, and only weak scattering is observed at 938 cm −1 . These features have been shown to be characteristic of the disordered conformation in proteins.
Practical aspects of a data-driven motion correction approach for brain SPECT (2003)

These results provide the basis of an implementation protocol for clinical validation of the technique.
Generation patterns of immunocytochemically identified cholinergic neurons at autonomic levels of the rat spinal cord (1991)

The time at which a neuron is "born" appears to have significant consequences for the cell's subsequent differentiation. As part of a continuing investigation of cholinergic neuronal development, we have combined ChAT immunocytochemistry and [3H]thymidine autoradiography to determine the generation patterns of somatic and autonomic motor neurons at upper thoracic (T1-3), upper lumbar (L1-3), and lumbosacral (L6-S1) levels of the rat spinal cord. Additionally, the generation patterns of two subsets of cholinergic interneurons (partition cells and central canal cluster cells) were compared with those of somatic and autonomic motor neurons. Embryonic day 11 (E11) was the first day of cholinergic neuronal generation at each of the three spinal levels studied, and it also was the peak generation day for somatic and autonomic neurons in the upper thoracic spinal cord. The peak generation of homologous neurons at upper lumbar and lumbosacral spinal levels occurred at E12 and E13, respectively. Somatic and autonomic motor neurons were generated synchronously, and their production at each rostrocaudal level was virtually completed within a 2-day period. Cholinergic interneurons were generated 1 or 2 days later than motor neurons at the same rostrocaudal level. In summary, the birthdays of all spinal cholinergic neurons studied followed the general rostrocaudal spatiotemporal gradient of spinal neurogenesis. In addition, the generation of cholinergic interneurons also followed the general ventrodorsal gradient. In contrast, however, autonomic motor neurons disobeyed the rule of a ventral-to-dorsal progression of spinal neuronal generation, thus adding another example in which autonomic motor neurons display unusual developmental patterns.
Selection for phosphorus efficiency in corn (1978)

Abstract A total of seventy‐three U.S. corn (Zea mays L.) inbreds and hybrids were grown in the greenhouse for two to four weeks in low and high available P nutrient solutions and soils to select for phosphorus efficiency based on yield differences in a low available P medium. Variation in growth in the low P medium was partially explained by differences in early growth vigor (especially when inbreds and hybrids were compared in the same trial) but not by any apparent differences in P absorption characteristics. Seventeen hybrids with high yields in the adequate P medium and contrasting yields in the low P cultures were grown to maturity in a very low available P (5 ppm Bray 1) Berks soil (a Typic Dystrochrept) in the field with and without added fertilizer P but with other nutrients and lime adequately supplied to both treatments. The relative growth rate of these hybrids in a low P medium in the greenhouse was not correlated with their yield in the low available P soils in the field. This may be due to the relatively small differences in yield in the low P soil in the field and the strong influence of seedling vigor on early growth in the greenhouse. Based on this study, screening corn for P efficiency in the field is much more likely to succeed than are short term greenhouse screenings. Seven corn lines from Colombia and Mexico were also tested in the field for relative P efficiency. One of these (La Posta, from Mexico) appeared to be superior to any of the other U.S. or Latin American corn lines in its ability to absorb P from the soil.
Benefits of Vine Leaf on Different Biological Systems (2016)

For centuries, the therapeutic benefits of grapes and other byproducts have been empirically used for medical purposes such as bleeding, pain, inflammation, nausea, diarrhea, gastroenteritis, or skin diseases. Moderated intake of the red wine improves parameters as blood lipids, endothelial dysfunction, platelet aggregation, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. However, few studies have been explored the potential benefits from vine byproducts. Vine leaves, a waste product from the vine, are also rich source of polyphenols and other therapeutic compounds. In this chapter, we explored the therapeutic properties from vine leaf in different biological systems.
Interleukin-8 Is Activated in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases and Associated with Hepatic Macrophage Accumulation in Human Liver Fibrosis (2011)

IL-8 is strongly activated in CLD, thus likely contributing to hepatic inflammation. Our study suggests a novel role of IL-8 for recruitment and activation of hepatic macrophages via CXCR1 in human liver cirrhosis.
A Qualitative Theory for Shape Representation and Matching (2004)

A new method for qualitative shape recognition and matching of objects in designs is presented in this paper. The approach consists of a reference-points information approach of the qualitative description of shapes considering qualitatively their angles, relative side length, concavities and convexities, and types of curvatures of the boundary. The shapes recognised are regular and non-regular closed polygons that can have curve segments and curvilinear shapes. Moreover the shapes can contain holes. To describe shapes with holes, topological and qualitative spatial orientation aspects are considered in order to relate the hole with its container. Each object is described by a string containing its qualitative distinguished features (symbolic representation), which is used to match the object against others. The paper also describes how this method can be used in industrial design by explaining an application. Given a file with different objects (representing tiles) and a vectorial image design of a ceramic tile mosaic border, the application recognises which tile in the file belongs to the border design and indicates its position and rotational angle to place the tile in the correct position of the border design. This qualitative method provides several advantages over traditional quantitative representations. The main advantages are the reduction of computational costs and the managing of uncertainty (two manufactured tiles are not geometrically identical, but they represent the same tile in the design).
Ionic Liquids: Solvents for the Electrodeposition of Metals and Semiconductors (2002)

In a wider sense, ionic liquids are molten salts that melt below 100 degrees C. As their name suggests, they are solely composed of ions and many combinations of organic and/or inorganic cations and anions exist. Depending on the systems they can reach electrochemical windows of more than 4 V and thus they give access to a number of elements that cannot be electrodeposited from aqueous solutions, such as the light and refractory metals, as well as elemental and compound semiconductors. Presumably, ionic liquids will become important for electrochemical nanotechnology.
Role of the TREK2 potassium channel in cold and warm thermosensation and in pain perception (2014)

Two-pore domain background K(+) channels (K2p or KCNK) produce hyperpolarizing currents that control cell membrane polarity and neuronal excitability throughout the nervous system. The TREK2 channel as well as the related TREK1 and TRAAK channels are mechanical-, thermal- and lipid-gated channels that share many regulatory properties. TREK2 is one of the major background channels expressed in rodent nociceptive neurons of the dorsal root ganglia that innervate the skin and deep body tissues, but its role in somatosensory perception and nociception has remained poorly understood. We now report that TREK2 is a regulatory channel that controls the perception of non aversive warm, between 40°C and 46°C, and moderate ambient cool temperatures, between 20°C and 25°C, in mice. TREK2 controls the firing activity of peripheral sensory C-fibers in response to changes in temperature. The role of TREK2 in thermosensation is different from that of TREK1 and TRAAK channels; rather, TREK2, TREK1, and TRAAK channels appear to have complementary roles in thermosensation. TREK2 is also involved in mechanical pain perception and in osmotic pain after sensitization by prostaglandin E2. TREK2 is involved in the cold allodynia that characterizes the neuropathy commonly associated with treatments with the anticancer drug oxaliplatin. These results suggest that positive modulation of the TREK2 channel may have beneficial analgesic effects in these neuropathic conditions.
Photochemical Degradation of Imazamox in Aqueous Solution:  Influence of Metal Ions and Anionic Species on the Ultraviolet Photolysis (2006)

Imazamox [5-methoxymethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid] is one of the later pesticides of the imidazolinone family. The fate of imazamox has been studied upon UV irradiation. The degradation of a 10 mg L(-1) imazamox solution leads to pyridine derivatives, which remain in solution for 50-100 h. Most of the photoproducts occurring during the photodegradation have been characterized by means of liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The degradation scheme is very similar to that observed for the analogous imazapyr pesticide [2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid]. Nevertheless, imazamox shows a greater stability than imazapyr. More, complexation interactions between imazamox and metal ions such as Cu2+ or Ca2+ increase the persistence of the pesticide.