gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical and Luminescent Properties of Color-Changeable Organic Electroluminescent Diode Using Squarylium Dyes (1994)

The organic electoluminescent diode (LED) with squarylium (Sq) dye-doped Alq3 changes color upon application of voltage (current). The luminescent color from the organic LED changes from red (electroluminescence (EL) of Sq dye) at low voltage to light green (EL of Alq3) at high voltage. We studied the EL efficiency and EL spectrum of organic Sq-doped Alq3 LED with various doping positions in the emission layer. Consequentially, it was clarified that Sq doping near TPD considerably reduced the EL efficiency. The EL mechanism of the organic LED was concluded to be associated with the energy transfer from the excited Alq3 to the guest dye and hole trapping of the guest dye in Alq3.
Adhesive and mechanical properties of hydrogels influence neurite extension (2004)

Photopolymerizable polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels conjugated with bioactive ligands were examined for their use as scaffolds in peripheral nerve regeneration applications. The bioactivity and mechanical properties of PEG hydrogels can be tailored through the integration of bioactive factors (adhesion ligands, proteolytic sites, growth factors) and the alteration of PEG concentrations, respectively. For peripheral nerve regeneration, it will be important to determine the type and concentration of the bioactive molecules required to improve neurite extension. In this study, cell adhesion ligands (RGDS, IKVAV, and YIGSR) were covalently attached to PEG hydrogels. Both the type and concentration of cell adhesion ligand used affected neurite extension. Extension from PC12 cells was greater on hydrogels with RGDS incorporated than IKVAV, and the optimal concentration for each ligand was different. Cells adhered to but did not extend neurites on hydrogels with YIGSR. Cells did not adhere to hydrogels containing RGES. Furthermore, different combinations of these ligands affected neurite extension to different degrees. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels also significantly affected neurite extension. PC12 cells grown on more flexible hydrogels exhibited the greatest degree of neurite extension. PEG hydrogels have thus been developed with varying biochemical and mechanical properties that may enhance nerve regeneration.
EM-ML algorithm for track initialization using possibly noninformative data (2005)

Initializing and maintaining a track for a low observable (LO) (low SNR, low target detection probability and high false alarm rate) target can be very challenging because of the low information content of measurements. In addition, in some scenarios, target-originated measurements might not be present in many consecutive scans because of mispointing, target maneuvers, or erroneous preprocessing. That is, one might have a set of noninformative scans that could result in poor track initialization and maintenance. In this paper an algorithm based on the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm combined with maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is presented for tracking slowly maneuvering targets in heavy clutter and possibly noninformative scans. The adaptive sliding-window EM-ML approach, which operates in batch mode, tries to reject or weight down noninformative scans using the Q-function in the M-step of the EM algorithm. It is shown that target features in the form of, for example, amplitude information (AI), can also be used to improve the estimates. In addition, performance bounds based on the supplemented EM (SEM) technique are also presented. The effectiveness of new algorithm is first demonstrated on a 78-frame long wave infrared (LWIR) data sequence consisting of an Fl Mirage fighter jet in heavy clutter. Previously, this scenario has been used as a benchmark for evaluating the performance of other track initialization algorithms. The new EM-ML estimator confirms the track by frame 20 while the ML-PDA (maximum likelihood estimator combined with probabilistic data association) algorithm, the IMM-MHT (interacting multiple model estimator combined with multiple hypothesis tracking) and the EVIM-PDA estimator previously required 28, 38, and 39 frames, respectively. The benefits of the new algorithm in terms of accuracy, early detection, and computational load are illustrated using simulated scenarios as well.
A variable speed wind energy conversion scheme for connection to weak AC systems (1999)

A three level control system for a variable speed wind energy conversion scheme (VSWECS) supplying a weak AC power system is presented. The objective of the control strategy is to maximize energy capture and simultaneously to support the voltage of the bus where the VSWECS is connected. Using an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter, both control of active and reactive power supplied to the grid and reduction of harmonic distortion can be achieved. The response of the proposed scheme has been tested and evaluated in a test system using a developed computer program simulating in detail the system operation.
Hybrid Geometric - Image Based Rendering (2002)

We present a Hybrid Geometric-Image Based Rendering (HGIBR) system for displaying very complex geometrical models at interactive frame rates. Our approach replaces distant geometry with a combination of image-based representations and geometry, while rendering nearby objects from geometry. Reference images are computed on demand, which means that no pre-processing, or additional storage are necessary. We present results for a massive model of a whole offshore gas platform, to demonstrate that interactive frame rates can be maintained using the HGIBR approach. Our implementation runs on a pair of PCs, using commodity graphics hardware for fast 3D warping.
Electron impact and thermal fragmentation of biphenylene (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectron impact and thermal fragmentation of biphenyleneLester Friedman and Donald F. LindowCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 9, 2324–2328Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01011a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01011a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views266Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Customer involvement with services in public libraries (1996)

Explains that public libraries with well‐established library systems have flourished in Taiwan during the past four decades owing to economic prosperity. Points out that despite this, less than one‐tenth of the population in the community served by these libraries have registered as library users. Suggests that this relatively low level of use by customers may be due to a lack of awareness of the services that the public library has to offer. Proposes an effective approach to designing marketing strategies to incorporate marketing channels, corresponding communications messages and service quality dimensions, in order to promote the use of library services, and thus change the use pattern of current customers. Uses involvement segmentation and a hierarchy‐of‐effects paradigm.
SiGe/Si microtubes fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate (2003)

We fabricated SiGe/Si free-standing micro-objects on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate using the SiO2 sacrificial layer. SiGe/Si strained films were grown by molecular beam epitaxy on SOI substrates. The films were released from the substrate by selective etching of the SiO2 layer. The released films rolled up due to the elastic strain in the SiGe layer. Microtubes and microspirals with a diameter of about 40 μm were obtained.
Urethral Sphincter EMG as Event Detector for Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity (2007)

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using external urethral sphincter electromyogram (EMG) (EUSEMG) to detect the onset of detrusor contractions in patients with both neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). Detrusor pressure (Pdet) and EUSEMG was recorded in 23 neurogenic patients during slow artificial bladder filling. The time delay between the onset of a detrusor contraction and the onset of EUSEMG activity was calculated together with the detrusor pressure increase related to this delay. Of 23 patients enrolled, 12 patients showed both NDO and DSD. Of these 12 patients, 10 had a strong correlation between detrusor pressure and EUSEMG. One patient in this group was excluded due to a storage pressure above 30 cm H2O. Two detection methods were applied on the remaining 9 patients. Method 1 was a root mean square (RMS)-integrator with simple thresholding. This approach had a good sensitivity but also a poor specificity (many false-positive detections). Detection method 2 included a kurtosis-based scaling function, which was multiplied to a similar RMS-integrator as used in method 1. Onset detection occurred before Pdet exceeded 18 cm H2O with both methods. However, method 1 resulted in 14.1 +/- 12.8 false-positive detections during one bladder filling. Pdet at onset detection was on average 1.0 +/- 1.1 cmH2 0 higher with detection method 2 but the number of false-positives was reduced by 95.8%. This paper demonstrates the feasibility of using EUSEMG to estimate the onset of a detrusor contraction in selected patients.
HEATING CHARACTERISTICS OF CREAM‐STYLE CORN PROCESSED IN A STERITORT: EFFECTS OF HEADSPACE, REEL SPEED AND CONSISTENCY (1979)

ABSTRACT The heat penetration factors (f h and j) and sterilization value (F o ) for cans of cream‐style corn heated in an FMC Steritort were determined from time‐temperature data as a function of container head‐space, reel speed, and product consistency. Four commercial instruments were used to measure product consistency. For commercially prepared cream‐style corn in 303 × 406 cans, headspace (or fill weight) is the most critical of these parameters. Sterilization values that ranged from 39 to 78 min for 1/4 in. gross headspace were reduced to less than 1 min when the headspace bubble was eliminated. Positive headspacing devices or net‐weight sensors are recommended for control of product lines. Other parameters that significantly influence the degree of agitation induced within the can are rotational speed of the cooker and product consistency. At low reel speeds or high product consistencies, sterilization values decrease dramatically.
HIVE: an efficient interconnect capacitance extractor to support submicron multilevel interconnect designs (2002)

A novel paradigm for efficiently providing 2-D and 3-D submicron multilevel (SMML) interconnect capacitances to support VLSI/ULSI designs regarding RC delay, electromigration, and crosstalk has been developed. According to SMML interconnect process measurements and simulations, when the interconnect width/space changes, the corresponding changes of the ground and coupling capacitances are linear in some cases and nonlinear in other cases. A set of representative SMML layout structures is selected so that rigorous 2-D and 3-D simulations are done for the nonlinear changes in advance, and fast interpolations/extrapolations are done for the linear changes when circuit designers specify the width/space of interconnects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Endogenous and Exogenous Glucocorticoids in Experimental Enterococcal Infection (2006)

The potentially protective role of the host adrenal-glucocorticoid response to enterococcal infection was evaluated in an experimental model in which mice were infected intraperitoneally with two distinct Enterococcus faecalis strains (K9 and CP-1). We demonstrated that corticosterone levels in serum and peritoneal-lavage fluid were elevated within 1 hour of infection with either E. faecalis strain. We also demonstrated that adrenalectomized mice generated a more robust localized peritoneal tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) response to both E. faecalis strains than did sham-adrenalectomized mice but that neither E. faecalis strain induced a systemic TNF-alpha response. Further, peritoneal TNF-alpha production in adrenalectomized mice infected with either E. faecalis K9 or CP-1 was suppressed by prior treatment with an exogenous glucocorticoid (dexamethasone). The potential clinical significance of these results was suggested by our findings that adrenalectomy markedly increased susceptibility (a>100-fold decrease in the 50% lethal dose) to lethal infections with E. faecalis CP-1 and that prior dexamethasone treatment partially compensated for adrenalectomy. In marked contrast to these findings, however, adrenalectomy did not substantially increase susceptibility to lethal E. faecalis K9 infection. Further, preinfection with E. faecalis CP-1 1 hour before infection with E. faecalis K9 did not protect mice from lethal E. faecalis K9 infections. Collectively, these studies indicate that the host can generate a glucocorticoid response to E. faecalis infection that suppresses TNF-alpha production. Further, this glucocorticoid response can protect the host from potentially lethal E. faecalis infections, but different strains show heterogeneity with respect to the extent of protection afforded by the adrenal-glucocorticoid response.
Light‐emitting diode therapy induces analgesia and decreases spinal cord and sciatic nerve tumour necrosis factor‐α levels after sciatic nerve crush in mice (2013)

Taken together, these data provide first-hand evidence of LEDT effectiveness against neuropathic pain induced by SNC, with corresponding decrease of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, both in the sciatic nerve and in the spinal cord, although at a small analgesic dose, LEDT failed to accelerate nerve regeneration.
Health advice from the Internet - friend or foe? (2002)

The author considers the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet for accessing medical information, especially relating to depression, and provides a reputable web address which provides links to respected organisations. (non-author abstract)
A Gate Overdrive Protection Technique for Improved Reliability in AlGaN/GaN Enhancement-Mode HEMTs (2012)

On a GaN smart power integrated-circuit platform, a monolithically integrated gate-protected high-voltage AlGaN/GaN enhancement-/depletion-mode high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) has been proposed. It can sustain large input gate voltage swing (>; 20 V) with enhanced safety (no gate failure observed) and improved reliability (no observable shifting of the threshold voltage), and the breakdown voltage is not sacrificed. Such a protection scheme with a wide input gate bias range also facilitates simple and reliable connections between the gate driver circuits and the power switches without the level shifter circuits for conventional GaN Schottky gate power HEMTs.
Not All Samples Are Created Equal: Deep Learning with Importance Sampling (2018)

Deep neural network training spends most of the computation on examples that are properly handled, and could be ignored. We propose to mitigate this phenomenon with a principled importance sampling scheme that focuses computation on "informative" examples, and reduces the variance of the stochastic gradients during training. Our contribution is twofold: first, we derive a tractable upper bound to the per-sample gradient norm, and second we derive an estimator of the variance reduction achieved with importance sampling, which enables us to switch it on when it will result in an actual speedup. The resulting scheme can be used by changing a few lines of code in a standard SGD procedure, and we demonstrate experimentally, on image classification, CNN fine-tuning, and RNN training, that for a fixed wall-clock time budget, it provides a reduction of the train losses of up to an order of magnitude and a relative improvement of test errors between 5% and 17%.
Inka Pottery as Culinary Equipment: Food, Feasting, and Gender in Imperial State Design (2003)

Abstract In this paper, the imperial Inka ceramic assemblage is examined in terms of its functional and culinary significance. Information culled from ethnohistoric sources, archaeological reports, and ethnographic studies is used to draw functional inferences about Inka vessel forms and to outline the features of an imperial “haute cuisine.” In the Inka empire, the relationship between rulers and subjects was largely mediated through the prestation of food and drink. The elaboration of a distinctive state vessel assemblage suggests a conscious strategy aimed at creating material symbols of class difference in the context of state-sponsored feasting events. An empire-wide analysis of the distribution of Inka vessels indicates the particular importance of the tallnecked jar form (aríbalo) to state strategies in the provinces. Analyzing Inka pottery as culinary equipment highlights the links among food, politics, and gender in the processes of state formation. Such an approach also illuminates the important role of women in the negotiation and consolidation of Inka state power.
A Proposal for a Broadband Wireless Access Technology based on Radio-on-FSO Links (2008)

Significant progress has been made in recent years in the research, development and deployment of affordable, ubiquitous and always-on broadband wireless access technologies that meet the demands and requirements of business, academic and residential end user markets. One of the emerging technologies for broadband wireless connectivity which has also been receiving growing attention is free-space optical (FSO) communication. FSO can provide high-speed, realiable and cost effective connectivity for heterogeneous wireless services provision in both urban and rural areas settings. In this paper we present the design concept and experimental evaluation of a proposed broadband wireless access system based on an advanced dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) radio-on-FSO (RoFSO) system capable of transmitting multiple RF signals. The RoFSO system combines the advantages of radio over fiber (RoF) technology and a next generation FSO system we developed earlier capable of providing stable and reliable data transmission at 10 Gbps. The initial results and analysis on the transmission performance of the system under actual operational conditions are presented. We show that RoFSO can be conveniently used a reliable alternative broadband wireless technology for complementing optical fiber networks in areas where the deployment of optical fiber is not feasible.
Sunflower Lecithin (1981)

Abstract Because of the increased domestic production of sunflower seed oil, by‐products of oil processing such as meal and lecithin will be in greater supply. Lecithin content varies according to the type of sunflower seed produced. Removal of this material is greatly affected by seed condition and processing conditions. Conditions which favor optimal removal of phospholipids are also those for optimal oil quality. This review will cover some of the properties and processing details of lecithin production.
Mechanism-related circumvention of acquired cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) resistance using two pairs of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines by ammine/amine platinum(IV) dicarboxylates. (1992)

Acquired resistance to cisplatin has been generated in vitro in two human ovarian carcinoma cell lines: 41M, established from a previously untreated patient; and CH1, from a patient previously treated with cisplatin and cis-diammine-1,1-cyclobutane dicarboxylatoplatinum(II) (carboplatin). In neither cell line with acquired resistance did intracellular detoxification (via increased glutathione or metallothioneins) appear to be a major determinant of resistance. Resistance in 41McisR (resistance factor of 4.7) appeared to be due predominantly to a reduced platinum accumulation (levels were only 23.8% in 41McisR versus 41M). This was also reflected at the DNA level by a similar level of reduced DNA interstrand cross-links and total platinum-DNA adducts measured immediately after a 2-h exposure to cisplatin in 41McisR versus 41M. Conversely, for CH1cisR (resistance factor of 6.5), platinum accumulation, and initial numbers of DNA-interstrand cross-links and total DNA-platinum adducts were not significantly different from the parent CH1 line. This is suggestive of a resistance mechanism involving increased DNA repair or tolerance to platinum-DNA adducts operating in the CH1cisR/CH1 pair of lines. Cross-resistance to carboplatin and partial cross-resistance to the 1,2-diaminocyclohexane-containing agent, (trans-d,l)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane tetrachloroplatinum(IV) (tetraplatin), was observed in both pairs. However, two novel platinum(IV) ammine/amine dicarboxylates, ammine dibutyratodichloro(cyclohexylamine)platinum(IV) (JM221) and ammine dibenzoatodichloro(propylamine)platinum(IV) (JM244), completely circumvented resistance in 41McisR to produce some collateral sensitivity (resistance factors of 0.67 and 0.54, respectively) but showed cross-resistance in CH1cisR (resistance factors of 3.7 and 4.6). In contrast to the data for cisplatin, intracellular platinum levels were not significantly different between the 41M and 41McisR pair of cell lines after exposure to JM244. These results suggest that the ammine/amine platinum(IV) dicarboxylates, which show considerably greater in vitro cytotoxicity than cisplatin, are capable of circumventing acquired cisplatin resistance which is due to decreased intracellular accumulation but are not able to overcome resistance at the level of DNA platination and removal.
Interfacial instability and spontaneous formation of microemulsions (1972)

Abstract Microemulsions, which are optically transparent oil‐water dispersions, were spontaneously produced upon mixing hexadecane, hexanol, potassium oleate, and water in specific proportions. The drop‐volume measurements of hexadecane‐water interface in the presence of hexanol or potassium oleate revealed that these surfactants decrease the interracial tension of the hexadecane/water interface. It is proposed that the interaction between these two emulsifiers at the oil‐water interface causes spontaneous negative interfaical tension resulting in interfacial instability and the formation of microemulsions. As the amount of water is increased, the microemulsion exhibits a clear to turbid to clear transition. Unlike the clear regions, the turbid region possesses birefringence. The development of birefringence is also accompanied by a sharp decrease in electrical resistance. High‐resolution (220 Mc) nuclear magnetic resonance data suggest that water exists in two distinct environments or structures in the birefringent region. The electrical, birefringence, and nuclear magnetic resonance data agree with the proposed mechanism of phase‐inversion of microemulsions, which can be described as water spheres to water cylinders to water lamellae to a continuous water phase. The spontaneous formation of such structures (for example, water cylinders and lamellae) presumably depends upon the phase‐volume ratio and the interfacial tension at the oil‐water interface.