gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conducting MWNT/poly(vinyl acetate) composite nanofibres by electrospinning (2006)

Electrospinning is a relatively simple and versatile method to produce polymer nanofibres and their composites. In this work, functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f-MWNTs) were used for the fabrication of conducting nanocomposite fibres, in comparison with the composite nanofibres made of unfunctionalized MWNTs (u-MWNTs). Our results showed that the addition of f-MWNTs could improve the dispersion of carbon nanotubes in the polymer solution and therefore result in composite nanofibres with uniform diameters by electrospinning. Alignment of the composite nanofibres was achieved by using a rotating drum as the collector. F-MWNTs were found to align parallel to the axis direction of the nanofibres. DC electrical properties of a single composite fibre were investigated at room temperature as well as cryogenic states (100-300 K). An electrical percolation phenomenon was observed for nanofibres with different mass fractions of MWNTs. It was shown that the conductivity of the material could be significantly improved above the percolation threshold. The conductivity could be of several orders of magnitude higher than the pure PVAc.
A silicon probe with integrated microheaters for thermal marking and monitoring of neural tissue (1997)

This paper describes a microheater structure and its integration on a silicon microprobe. The 30-micron-diameter microstructure can be used to heat local areas of tissue or to measure local tissue temperature with an accuracy of < 0.3 degree C. The polysilicon microheater is suspended on a dielectric membrane to reduce undesired heat conduction to the probe substrate. The heating efficiency is 4.4 degrees C/mW in still water and 2.2 degrees C/mW in guinea pig cortex. Six milliwatts applied for 2 min in cortex produces a temperature of 50 degrees C, creating a well-defined 50-micron-wide lesion for determining probe position histologically. Fabrication of the heaters requires no additional masking or processing steps in addition to those normally used for recording or stimulating probes.
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>cis</i>-1,3-Disubstituted Cyclobutyl Kinase Inhibitors (2004)

Two synthetic routes to a series of structurally novel kinase inhibitors containing a cis-1,3-disubstituted cyclobutane are described. The first route utilized addition of 3-aminocyclobutanol to 1,4-dinitroimidazole 5 as the crucial step in preparing 1, whereas the second route employed a novel 1,4-addition of 4-nitroimidazole 18 to in situ generated cyclobutenone 17 as the key reaction. This allowed for a stereoselective and shorter synthesis that eliminated the use of potentially explosive 1,4-dinitroimidazole 5. [structure: see text]
Rudimentary Capillary−Electrode Alignment for Capillary Electrophoresis with Electrochemical Detection (1996)

A capillary-electrode holder was constructed for electrochemical detection in capillary electrophoresis (CE). The device allows for positioning of the working electrode at the end of the capillary column without the aid of micropositioners or microscopes. The design facilitates the exchange of electrodes and capillaries without the need of refabricating the entire capillary-electrode setup. The system can be assembled in a very short period of time. Alignment with the self-guided system proved to be reproducible for the electrodes used (carbon, nickel, copper). The advantages of reduced downtime and low cost, make the device very attractive for the routine analysis of electroactive species by CE with electrochemical detection.
Experimental Investigation of the S-CO2 Condensing Cycle. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
The interaction of G-CSF with its receptor (2006)

The function of the G-CSF receptor has been of considerable interest, particularly because of the clinical usefulness of G-CSF. The first step in receptor activation, which is the interaction of G-CSF with its receptor, has been studied by mapping the binding sites of neutralizing antibodies, by studying the complexes formed between G-CSF and various receptor fragments in solution and by mutagenesis of the receptor and ligand. In addition, the structure of G-CSF has been determined. Part of the ligand-binding domain of the receptor in complex with G-CSF has been crystallized and its structure described. Consideration of all these studies has allowed us to make a model of the complete ligand-binding domain in complex with G-CSF that accounts for the published data. The complex has a 2:2 stoichiometry, with two binding sites on both the ligand and receptor that are equivalent to site II and site III of the IL-6 receptor complex. This model was based on the published structure of gp130 in complex with viral IL-6, which we believe to be very similar.
A Novel Bidirectional Resource Allocation to Decrease Signaling for Retransmission in LTE System (2008)

A novel resource allocation approach is proposed to decrease the control signaling for retransmission when semi-persistent scheduling is used in LTE uplink system. The basic principle of this method is that resource allocation for initial transmissions is done from two opposite direction of the whole bandwidth between one HARQ RTT. Non-adaptive HARQ is used as much as possible. If non-adaptive HARQ can't be used, then using adaptive HARQ. Simulation shows that it can at least reduce 10-20% of signaling for transmissions.
Fastener for thermal insulation blankets (1979)

Serrated-stem fastener, similar to those that hold wire harnesses, has been adapted to attach blankets to supporting structures. Easy installation and removal implemented.
Ultrafiltration membranes from a polymer blend : hollow fiber preparation and characterization (1993)

details hebben gevraagd.
II. On the stability of loose earth (1857)

Abstract 1. General Principle. The subject of this paper is,—the mathematical theory of that kind of stability, which, in a mass composed of separate grains, arises wholly from the mutual friction of those grains, and not from any adhesion amongst them. Previous researches on this subject are based (so far as I am acquainted with them) on some mathematical artifice or assumption, such as Coulomb’s “wedge of least resistance.” Researches so based, although leading to true solutions of many special problems, are both limited in the application of their results, and unsatisfactory in a scientific point of view. I propose, therefore, to investigate the mathematical theory of the frictional stability of a granular mass, without the aid of any artifice or assumption, and from the following sole.
Development of Steel Foam Materials and Structures (2004)

In the past few years there has been a growing interest in lightweight metal foams. Demands for weight reduction, improved fuel efficiency, and increased passenger safety in automobiles now has manufacturers seriously considering the use of metal foams, in contrast to a few years ago, when the same materials would have been ruled out for technical or economical reasons. The objective of this program was to advance the development and use of steel foam materials, by demonstrating the advantages of these novel lightweight materials in selected generic applications. Progress was made in defining materials and process parameters; characterization of physical and mechanical properties; and fabrication and testing of generic steel foam-filled shapes with compositions from 2.5 wt.% to 0.7 wt.% carbon. A means of producing steel foam shapes with uniform long range porosity levels of 50 to 60 percent was demonstrated and verified with NDE methods. Steel foam integrated beams, cylinders and plates were mechanically tested and demonstrated advantages in bend stiffness, bend resistance, and crush energy absorption. Methods of joining by welding, adhesive bonding, and mechanical fastening were investigated. It is important to keep in mind that steel foam is a conventional material in an unconventional form. A substantial amount of physical and mechanical properties are presented throughout the report and in a properties database at the end of the report to support designer's in applying steel foam in unconventional ways.
Call-Flow Aware API Fuzz Testing for Security of Windows Systems (2008)

API fuzz testing is to insert unexpected data into parameters of functions and to monitor exceptions or errors of a software system in order to test security of it. API fuzz testing without considering the dependency between functions generates many errors, because required functions aren't called before the target function is called. Therefore, unexpected data cannot reach various codes in the target function. We define the dependency as relation of functions that must be called before the target function is called. In order to solve the problem of the dependency during performing API fuzz testing, we propose a novel Methodology that analyzes the dependency between functions automatically and that performs API fuzz testing with considering the dependency, and implement a practical tool for our methodology. We name the methodology the Call-Flow Aware API Fuzz Testing (CFAFT). Call-Flow is the order that functions with the dependency are called. By considering Call-Flow of functions, CFAFT can perform API fuzz testing without errors related to the dependency and insert invalid data into various codes in functions. We experimented on DLL files in the system folder of Windows XP SP2. Experimental result showed that CFAFT removed errors related to the dependency between functions.
Über den Einfluss des Hypophysenvorlappenextraktes auf die Jodausscheidung im Harne des normalen, des thyreoidektomierten sowie des splenektomierten Kaninchens (1937)

Der verfasser erhielt folgende Resultate : 1) Beim Normaltiere wurde durch die wiederholte subcutane Iniektion des Hypophysenvorderlappen-Nacl-extraktes (täglich einaal 5 ccm eines 6 % igen Rinderhypophysenvorderlappen-Nacl-extraktes 3 Tage sang) die Jodausscheidung so beschleunigt, dass die Ausscheidung auffallend schnell beendet wurde. Doch blieb dabei die Ausscheidangsmerge fast unverändert.2) Die obenerwähnte Hypophysenvorderlappen-Nael-ex trakt-wirkung trat aber nach der Thyreoidektomie nicht mehr auf.3) Beim splenektomierten Tiere kam es nach Zufuhr des Hypophysenvorderlappen-Nacl-extraktes zu der obenangegebenen Wirkung viel ausgesprochener als beim normalen oder einfach splenektomierten Tiere.4) Den obigen Resultaten nach wirkt die im Hypophysenvorderlappen-Nacl-extrakt enthaltene Substanz auf den Jodstoffwechsel über die Schilddrüse hinweg und völlig unabhängig von der Milzexstirpation.
Serum indoxyl sulfate as an early marker for detecting chronic cyclosporine nephrotoxicity (2009)

It may be possible for measurement of serum indoxyl sulfate level to replace repeated renal biopsies in evaluation of chronic CsAN in pediatric patients with FR-SDNS.
L1cam promotes tumor progression and metastasis and is an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in gastric cancer (2013)

Our study demonstrated that L1cam, overexpressed in gastric cancer and associated with poor prognosis, plays an important role in the progression and metastasis of gastric cancer.
Charge collection and capacitance in continuous-film flat-panel detectors (2000)

The performance of the new generation of high fill factor two- dimensional imagers with high spatial resolution and low data line capacitance is described. These arrays have a continuous a-Si:H sensor layer deposited over the whole imager to improve sensitivity. We have studied charge collection and lateral leakage in the gap region in between two neighboring pixels. Experiments demonstrate that a 10 micrometer gap between pixels leads to an effective fill factor of approximately 92% and can be fabricated in a way to reduce the charge leakage between pixels to a very low level. We have also studied the capacitance of the data lines that can lead to increased electronic noise, degrading the imager performance. Experimental determination of the actual capacitance for different insulator materials are compared with numerical simulations, to identify the optimum structure. Based on these results, the new imager generation could be manufactured with a total parasitic capacitance of about 6 fF/pixel. Finally, we report measurements of the high fill factor imager under light and X-ray exposures.
Rapid DNA Double-Strand Breaks Resulting from Processing of Cr-DNA Cross-Links by Both MutS Dimers (2009)

Mismatch repair (MMR) strongly enhances cyto- and genotoxicity of several chemotherapeutic agents and environmental carcinogens. DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) formed after two replication cycles play a major role in MMR-dependent cell death by DNA alkylating drugs. Here, we examined DNA damage detection and the mechanisms of the unusually rapid induction of DSB by MMR proteins in response to carcinogenic chromium(VI). We found that MSH2-MSH6 (MutSalpha) dimer effectively bound DNA probes containing ascorbate-Cr-DNA and cysteine-Cr-DNA cross-links. Binary Cr-DNA adducts, the most abundant form of Cr-DNA damage, were poor substrates for MSH2-MSH6, and their toxicity in cells was weak and MMR independent. Although not involved in the initial recognition of Cr-DNA damage, MSH2-MSH3 (MutSbeta) complex was essential for the induction of DSB, micronuclei, and apoptosis in human cells by chromate. In situ fractionation of Cr-treated cells revealed MSH6 and MSH3 chromatin foci that originated in late S phase and did not require replication of damaged DNA. Formation of MSH3 foci was MSH6 and MLH1 dependent, whereas MSH6 foci were unaffected by MSH3 status. DSB production was associated with progression of cells from S into G(2) phase and was completely blocked by the DNA synthesis inhibitor aphidicolin. Interestingly, chromosome 3 transfer into MSH3-null HCT116 cells activated an alternative, MSH3-like activity that restored dinucleotide repeat stability and sensitivity to chromate. Thus, sequential recruitment and unprecedented cooperation of MutSalpha and MutSbeta branches of MMR in processing of Cr-DNA cross-links is the main cause of DSB and chromosomal breakage at low and moderate Cr(VI) doses.
A CPU utilization limit for massively parallel MIMD computers (2003)

Massively parallel computer systems based on off-the-shelf CPU chip-sets have become commercially available. The authors demonstrate a theoretical limit on the silicon (or other circuitry media) utilization of such architectures as the number of processors is scaled up. In addition, case studies of the Thinking Machines Corporation CM-5 and of the Intel Touchstone are presented in order to quantify the maximum utilization on existing machines. Based on this utilization limit, the authors examine whether computer architects' current reliance on the MIMD (multiple-instruction multiple-data) model will be practical in next-generation machines. In order to facilitate the analysis, they decouple the control parallel and data parallel models of computation from MIMD and SIMD (single-instruction multiple-data) target platforms, respectively. Utilization of control parallel paradigms executing on SIMD platforms is introduced for comparison. The authors also consider the relationship of communication overhead to machine size scaling in the presence of the need for virtual processing nodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transient voltage and calcium-dependent outward currents in hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons (1985)

Membrane currents activated by step changes in membrane potential were studied in hippocampal pyramidal neurons of region CA3 using the single microelectrode voltage-clamp technique. The transient outward current activated by depolarizing steps appeared to be composed of two transient currents that could be distinguished by differences in voltage sensitivity, time course, and pharmacological sensitivity. The more slowly decaying current was activated by voltage steps positive to -60 mV and declined exponentially with a time constant between 200 and 400 ms. This current inactivated as the holding potential was made more positive over the range of -75 to -45 mV and was 50% inactivated near -60 mV. The more slowly decaying transient current was selectively blocked by 0.5 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) but not by 5-10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) or 2-5 mM Mn2+. The second transient current had a much faster time course than the 4-AP-sensitive current, having a duration of 5-20 ms. This very fast transient current was observed during potential steps positive to -45 mV. The fast transient current was inactivated when the holding potential was made positive to -45 mV. The amplitude of the fast transient current was greatly reduced by the application of 4 mM Mn2+ or Ca2+-free artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The fast transient current appeared to be unaffected by 0.5 mM 4-AP but was greatly reduced by 10 mM TEA. These results suggest that the transient outward current observed during depolarizing steps is composed of at least two distinct transient currents. The more slowly decaying current resembles the A-current originally described in molluscan neurons (9, 32, 42) in voltage sensitivity, time course, and pharmacological sensitivity. The faster transient current resembles a fast, Ca2+-dependent transient current previously observed in bull-frog sympathetic neurons (5, 27).
Endothelial plasmalemmal vesicles have a characteristic striped bipolar surface structure. (1985)

Capillary endothelial cells have a large population of small (65-80 nm diameter in transmission electron microscopy) vesicles of which a large fraction is associated with the plasmalemma of the luminal and abluminal side. We studied the fine structure and distribution of these plasmalemmal vesicles by high resolution scanning electron microscopy in cultured endothelial cells obtained from bovine adrenal cortical capillaries. Cell monolayers were covered with polylysine-coated silicon chips, split in high potassium buffer, fixed in aldehyde mixtures, and then treated with OsO4 and thiocarbohydrazide. After critical point drying, the specimens were coated with a thin (less than 2 nm) continuous film of chromium. On the cytoplasmic aspect of the dorsal plasmalemmal fragments seen in such specimens, plasmalemmal vesicles appear as uniform vesicular protrusions approximately 70-90 nm in diameter, preferentially concentrated in distinct large fields in which they occur primarily as single units. Individual plasmalemmal vesicles exhibit a striped surface fine structure which consists of ridges approximately 10 nm in diameter, separated by furrows and oriented as meridians, often ending at two poles on opposite sides of the vesicles in a plane parallel to the plasmalemma. This striped surface structure is clearly distinct from the cage structure of coated pits found, at low surface density, on the same specimens. The cytoplasmic aspect of the plasmalemma proper is covered by a fibrillar infrastructure which does not extend over plasmalemmal vesicles but on which the latter appear to be anchored by fine filaments.
Spanning tree method for link state aggregation in large communication networks (2002)

We consider a communication network in which dynamic routing is used for establishing connections that support information transfer between end-users. Link state information is exchanged and maintained up-to-date among network nodes for path computation and network resource allocation. When the population of users is large, the amount of link state information can be overwhelming. A common solution is to use a hierarchical structure. In this paper, we present a method for aggregating link state information in a hierarchical network. We assume that each link state parameter associated with a link is symmetrical in both directions of the link. The key idea for the method is to first reduce the original subnetwork topology to a full-mesh representation that consists of a logical link for each pair of border nodes in the subnetwork, and then encode the link state information associated with the full-mesh representation with an appropriate spanning tree.
Subharmonic 220- and 320-GHz SiGe HBT Receiver Front-Ends (2012)

Monolithically integrated 220- and 320-GHz receiver front-ends manufactured in an engineering version of an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =280/435-GHz SiGe technology are presented. Subharmonic mixing is provided by a Gilbert cell with stacked switching quads fed by quadrature 110/160-GHz local oscillator (LO) signals. The 220-GHz version of the front-end is equipped with an integrated LNA with a measured 15-dB gain and 28-GHz bandwidth. This front-end yields a conversion gain of 16 dB, an 18-dB single-sideband (SSB) noise figure (NF), and a 30-GHz bandwidth when pumped with a 0-dBm 110-GHz LO signal. The 320-GHz version of the front-end omits the low-noise amplifier and features an integrated × 9 LO multiplier chain to facilitate operation and characterization. A conversion gain of -14 dB and a 36-dB SSB NF is obtained over the 313-to-328-GHz frequency range. The presented circuits demonstrate that a fully integrated receiver front-end can be implemented up to submillimeter-wave frequencies in an SiGe HBT technology.
Gene Transfer of Human Prostacyclin Synthase Prevents Neointimal Formation After Carotid Balloon Injury in Rats (1999)

It was thus demonstrated that the gene transfer of human PGIS expression-vector into rat carotid arteries resulted in the increased production of human PGI2 in the vascular wall, the expression of human PGIS in the developing neointima and significantly inhibited the neointimal formation generated after balloon injury.
DUKE--Distributed Usage Control Enforcement (2007)

Usage control is concerned with what happens to data once the data have been released to a data consumer who is, in principle, able to use the data in any imaginable way. Considerations relating to privacy, intellectual property, and public security, however, suggest that data providers are often interested in imposing a certain amount of control on the data that they release. In the DUKE project, we address the problem how the usage of data can be controlled once the data have been given away.
Square-Wave Electromagnetic Flowmeter Design (1956)

The square-wave principle for electromagnetic flow recording offers several theoretical advantages over the dc or ac systems, particularly for blood flow recording from intact vessels. The degree to which these advantages may be obtained in practice depends upon the extent to which the equipment meets the specific requirements of the principle. This paper considers the objectives that should be considered in design and construction of a practical equipment.
NUMERICAL MODELING AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATIONS OF SINGLE-STEP, DEPOSITION-FREE, HERMETIC SEALING USING SILICON MIGRATION (2010)

We present, for the first time, a silicon-migration-based process for sealing release thru-holes in single crystal silicon (SCS), its detailed numerical modeling and evaluation of the hermetic seal. Utilizing silicon migration at 1100-C in a 10-Torr hydrogen ambient, we successfully formed 2.6-m-and 1.85-m-thick, continuous, hermetically sealing membranes from 3-m-thick SCS layers with two different perforation patterns. To understand and model the process, we developed a 3-D simulator and investigated over 300 release-hole designs. Our simulator predicted the final membrane geometries within 10% of experimental measurements. The quality of the hermetic seals was also robust: 90% of the sealed cavities maintained their initial pressure of 10-Torr over 210 days.