gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intermolecular interactions in nuclear magnetic resonance. XI. The <sup>13</sup>C and proton medium shifts of CH<sub>4</sub> in the gas phase and in solution (1977)

The 1 H and 13 C resonances of methane have been measured at 298 K, both as pure CH 4 in the gas phase as function of the density as well as at low concentration in solution, using polar, non polar, isotropic, as well as magnetically anisotropic solvents. It is found that both the gas and the solution proton shift data can be readily understood in terms of the Van der Waals shielding σ w and the mean-square field due to the dispersive interactions: [Formula: see text]. Either a macroscopic reaction field model or a binary collision statistical mechanical model for [Formula: see text] can be used with an approximately equal degree of success. Whereas the 13 C gas phase shifts of CH 4 are also proportional to the density, the 13 C gas-to-solution shifts indicate that, apart from σ w , there exists even in non-polar isotropic solvents another effect which is not proportional to [Formula: see text]. The present study also includes a new proposal regarding [Formula: see text], a discussion of anisotropy shielding σ a in magnetically anisotropic solvents and a discussion of the effective B parameters ( 1 H and 13 C) of CH 4 in the gas and the solution state.
Catadioptric relay for dual DMD projectors (1998)

A nearly diffraction limited catadioptric relay system is described which enables the use of very compact projection lenses with dual DMD projectors.
Characterization of Peptides Released from Mitochondria (2004)

Conserved ATP-dependent proteases ensure the quality control of mitochondrial proteins and control essential steps in mitochondrial biogenesis. Recent studies demonstrated that non-assembled mitochondrially encoded proteins are degraded to peptides and amino acids that are released from mitochondria. Here, we have characterized peptides extruded from mitochondria by mass spectrometry and identified 270 peptides that are exported in an ATP- and temperature-dependent manner. The peptides originate from 51 mitochondrially and nuclearly encoded proteins localized mainly in the matrix and inner membrane, indicating that peptides generated by the activity of all known mitochondrial ATP-dependent proteases can be released from the organelle. Pulse-labeling experiments in logarithmically growing yeast cells revealed that approximately 6-12% of preexisting and newly imported proteins is degraded and contribute to this peptide pool. Under respiring conditions, we observed an increased proteolysis of newly imported proteins that suggests a higher turnover rate of respiratory chain components and thereby rationalizes the predominant appearance of representatives of this functional class in the detected peptide pool. These results demonstrated a constant efflux of peptides from mitochondria and provided new insight into the stability of the mitochondrial proteome and the efficiency of mitochondrial biogenesis.
Sperm ubiquitination in patients with dysplasia of the fibrous sheath (2002)

DFS sperm have increased cross-reactivity to anti-ubiquitin antibodies, a finding consistent with the ubiquitination of defective sperm shown in animal models. These results justify the use of ubiquitin-based assays for objective semen analysis in infertile men with heritable defects.
Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (2009)

Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia (DIIHA) is rare, and a specialized laboratory is often required to provide the optimal serological tests to confirm the diagnosis. The most common drugs associated with DIIHA and the hypotheses for the mechanisms thought to be involved have changed during the last few decades. The drugs most frequently associated with DIIHA at this time are cefotetan, ceftriaxone, and piperacillin. DIIHA is attributed most commonly to drug-dependent antibodies that can only be detected in the presence of drug (eg, cephalosporin antibodies). DIIHA can also be associated with drug-independent antibodies; such antibodies do not need drug to be present to obtain in vitro reactions (eg, fludarabine). In these latter cases, the drug affects the immune system, causing production of red cell (RBC) autoantibodies; the clinical and laboratory findings are identical to autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), other than the remission associated with discontinuing the drug. Some of the mechanisms involved in DIIHA are controversial. The most acceptable one involves drugs, like penicillin, that covalently bind to proteins (eg, RBC membrane proteins); RBCs become coated with drug in vivo and, a drug antibody (usually IgG) attaches to the drug-coated RBCs that are subsequently cleared by macrophages. The most controversial is the so-called immune complex mechanism, which has been revised to suggest that most drugs are capable of binding to RBC membrane proteins, but not covalently like penicillins. The combined membrane plus drug can create an immunogen; the antibodies formed can be IgM or IgG and often activate complement, leading to acute intravascular lysis and sometimes renal failure; fatalities are more common in this group. It is still unknown why and how some drugs induce RBC autoantibodies, sometimes causing AIHA.
A Programmable Load for Power and Noise Characterization (2005)

A digitally-controlled one-port tuner, providing sixty-four distinct impedances, has been used to examine the relationship between nonlinear power transistor performance and load impedance. In a similar way, the noise parameters of low noise linear transistors have been deduced from measurements using the tuner to control source impedance. All control, measurement and data reduction functions are performed with a desktop computer.
Kalman filtered Compressed Sensing (2008)

We consider the problem of reconstructing time sequences of spatially sparse signals (with unknown and time-varying sparsity patterns) from a limited number of linear "incoherent" measurements, in real-time. The signals are sparse in some transform domain referred to as the sparsity basis. For a single spatial signal, the solution is provided by Compressed Sensing (CS). The question that we address is, for a sequence of sparse signals, can we do better than CS, if (a) the sparsity pattern of the signal's transform coefficients' vector changes slowly over time, and (b) a simple prior model on the temporal dynamics of its current non-zero elements is available. The overall idea of our solution is to use CS to estimate the support set of the initial signal's transform vector. At future times, run a reduced order Kalman filter with the currently estimated support and estimate new additions to the support set by applying CS to the Kalman innovations or filtering error (whenever it is "large").
Proliferative response of human CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes stimulated by the lectin jacalin (1995)

The Gal beta(1-3)GalNAc-binding lectin jacalin is known to specifically induce the proliferation of human CD4+ T lymphocytes in the presence of autologous monocytes and to interact with the CD4 molecule and block HIV-1 infection of CD4+ cells. We further show that jacalin-induced proliferation is characterized by an unusual pattern of T cell activation and cytokine production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). A cognate interaction between T cells and monocytes was critical for jacalin-induced proliferation, and human recombinant interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-6 did not replace the co-stimulatory activity of monocytes. Blocking studies using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) point out the possible importance of two molecular pathways of interaction, the CD2/LFA-3 and LFA-1/ICAM-1 pathways. One out of two anti-CD4 mAb abolished jacalin responsiveness. Jacalin induced interferon-gamma and high IL-6 secretion, mostly by monocytes, and no detectable IL-2 synthesis or secretion by PBMC. In contrast, jacalin-stimulated Jurkat T cells secreted IL-2. CD3- Jurkat cell variants failed to secrete IL-2, suggesting the involvement of the T cell receptor/CD3 complex pathway in jacalin signaling. IL-2 secretion by CD4- Jurkat variant cells was delayed and lowered. In addition to CD4, jacalin interacts with the CD5 molecule. Jacalin-CD4 interaction and the proliferation of PBMC, as well as IL-2 secretion by Jurkat cells were inhibited by specific jacalin-competitive sugars.
Resolving domain name disputes : intellectual property (2007)

There has recently been a welcome development concerning domain name dispute resolution in South Africa.
New optical technologies for earlier endoscopic diagnosis of premalignant gastrointestinal lesions (2002)

Gastrointestinal malignancies continue to be the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the developed world. The early detection and treatment of gastrointestinal preneoplasms has been demonstrated to significantly improve patient survival. Conventional screening tools include standard white light endoscopy (WLE) and frequent surveillance with biopsy. Well-defined endoscopic surveillance biopsy protocols aimed at early detection of dysplasia and malignancy have been undertaken for groups at high risk. Unfortunately, the poor sensitivity associated with WLE is a significant limitation. In this regard, major efforts continue in the development and evaluation of alternative diagnostic techniques. This review will focus on notable developments made at the forefront of research in modern gastrointestinal endoscopy based on novel optical endoscopic modalities, which rely on the interactions of light with tissues. Here we present the 'state-of-the-art' in fluorescence endoscopic imaging and spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, light scattering spectroscopy, chromoendoscopy, confocal fluorescence endoscopy, and immunofluorescence endoscopy. These new developments may offer significant improvements in the diagnosis of early lesions by allowing for targeted mucosal excisional biopsies, and perhaps may even provide 'optical biopsies' of equivalent histological accuracy. This enhancement of the endoscopist's ability to detect subtle preneoplastic changes in the gastrointestional mucosa in real time and improved staging of lesions could lead to curative endoscopic ablation of these lesions and, in the long term, improve patient survival and quality of life.
Identification and Functional Characterization of a K<sup>+</sup>Channel α-Subunit with Regulatory Properties Specific to Brain (1997)

The physiological diversity of K + channels mainly depends on the expression of several genes encoding different α-subunits. We have cloned a new K + channel α-subunit (Kv2.3r) that is unable to form functional channels on its own but that has a major regulatory function. Kv2.3r can coassemble selectively with other α-subunits to form functional heteromultimeric K + channels with kinetic properties that differ from those of the parent channels. Kv2.3r is expressed exclusively in the brain, being concentrated particularly in neocortical neurons. The functional expression of this regulatory α-subunit represents a novel mechanism without precedents in voltage-gated channels, which might contribute to further increase the functional diversity of K + channels necessary to specify the intrinsic electrical properties of individual neurons.
Fuzzy neural networks versus alternative approaches in medical decision support (2002)

One of two goals of this paper is to briefly present a methodology for medical decision support systems design which is able to utilize two main types of medical knowledge usually contributing to medical diagnosis: a qualitative one (linguistic rules provided by human experts) and a quantitative one (numerical data obtained from medical tests). This methodology is based on fuzzy neural networks and has been successfully applied to the design of a support system for the treatment of duodenal ulcer with the use of highly selective vagotomy. The second goal of the paper is to carry out a broad comparative analysis of the proposed methodology with several alternative approaches (rough sets, discriminant analysis, location model, probabilistic inductive learning).
<title>What IS a phase-shifting mask?</title> (1991)

The phase shifting mask is a two-layer engineered structure that improves the resolution of microlithography by between 25% and 100% by using interference to cancel some diffraction effects<sup>1,2</sup>. Although invented in 1980, this technology has only recently become prominent, mostly because of its potential to produce 16 Mb and 64 Mb DRAM with current i-line projection tools<sup>3,4</sup>. In the long run, phase-shifting masks may be used with deep-UV steppers to make structures with critical dimensions down to 0.15 micrometer.
The effect of trench processing conditions on complementary bipolar analog devices with SOI/trench isolation (1993)

Trench processing conditions are optimized for manufacturability of complementary bipolar analog devices and are correlated to transistor I/sub ceo/ leakage and V/sub be/ matching characteristics. Cross-section SEM analysis, computer simulation, and Raman spectroscopy are used to characterize the stresses related to the SOI/trench/LOCOS structure.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Inhibits Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1/gp120-Mediated Cerebellar Granule Cell Death by Preventing gp120 Internalization (2003)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 dementia. Thus, inhibition of gp120 activity could reduce HIV toxicity in the brain. We have used primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule cells to examine mechanisms whereby gp120 causes cell death and to characterize neuroprotective agents. gp120 induced a time- and concentration-dependent apoptotic cell death, which was caspase-3-mediated but caspase-1 independent, and was totally blocked by the irreversible caspase-3-like protease inhibitor N-acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-chloromethylketone. Caspase-3 activation was observed only in neurons that internalize gp120, indicating that internalization is key to gp120 toxicity. Because brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) prevents caspase-3-mediated neuronal cell death, we examined whether BDNF could prevent gp120-mediated apoptosis. Preincubation of neurons with BDNF before the addition of gp120 reduced caspase-3 activation, and consequently rescued 80% of neurons from apoptosis. Most importantly, BDNF reduced the levels of CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4), a receptor that mediates HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis. This effect correlated with the ability of BDNF to reduce gp120 internalization and apoptosis. Moreover, BDNF blocked the neurotoxic effect of stromal-derived factor-1alpha, a natural ligand for CXCR4, further establishing a correlation between neuroprotection and downregulation of CXCR4. We propose that BDNF may be a valid therapy to slow down the progression of HIV/gp120-mediated neurotoxicity.
A compact CPU architecture for sensor signal processing (2006)

This paper proposes a compact, one-bit serial processing CPU architecture for general purpose computing as well as for digital signal processing. The primary design goal is to achieve optimal silicon area, which is one of the critical demands in the area-constrained sensor design with delta sigma signal processing techniques. Based on the coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm, a general purpose CPU is expanded to implement basic logical functions and arithmetic functions such as linear, trigonometric, and hyperbolic algorithms. Two off-chip memory chips provide single digit serial input and output for data and instructions.
Interaction of TAPBPR, a tapasin homolog, with MHC-I molecules promotes peptide editing (2016)

Peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) molecules is central to antigen presentation, self-tolerance, and CD8(+) T-cell activation. TAP binding protein, related (TAPBPR), a widely expressed tapasin homolog, is not part of the classical MHC-I peptide-loading complex (PLC). Using recombinant MHC-I molecules, we show that TAPBPR binds HLA-A*02:01 and several other MHC-I molecules that are either peptide-free or loaded with low-affinity peptides. Fluorescence polarization experiments establish that TAPBPR augments peptide binding by MHC-I. The TAPBPR/MHC-I interaction is reversed by specific peptides, related to their affinity. Mutational and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) studies confirm the structural similarities of TAPBPR with tapasin. These results support a role of TAPBPR in stabilizing peptide-receptive conformation(s) of MHC-I, permitting peptide editing.
Abstract 283: Disparities in Bystander CPR and Neurologic Outcomes From Cardiac Arrest According to Neighborhood Ethnicity Characteristics in Arizona (2013)

Background and Objectives: There are a growing number of Hispanic citizens in the US and language or other barriers may impede them receiving bystander CPR (BCPR). Our aim was to determine if there are differences in BCPR provision and outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) occurring in mainly Hispanic neighborhoods compared to mainly White non-Hispanic neighborhoods in Arizona. Methods: We analyzed our prospectively-collected statewide Utstein-compliant OHCA database between 1/1/10 - 12/31/11. OHCA cases were geocoded according to the incident address using ArcGIS 10.1 (Esri, Redlands, CA). Census-tract data was used to determine neighborhood characteristics of ethnicity. Neighborhoods were classified as mainly Hispanic or mainly White, non-Hispanic when each population was over 60% in the census-tract. Results: There were 4531 adult OHCA victims during the study. Cases were excluded from analysis (n=1380) due to incident location, cause of arrest, or because the arrest occurred after EMS arrival. Among 3151 cases, 2839 cases (90.1%) could be geocoded using incident address. CPR performance and outcomes by neighborhood ethnicity are shown (Table). When compared with patients who arrested in mainly White, non-Hispanic neighborhoods, those in mainly Hispanic neighborhoods were less likely to receive BCPR (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52 to 0.84). Although no statistically significant differences were identified in the rate of survival to hospital discharge by main neighborhood ethnicity, patients who arrested in mainly Hispanic neighborhoods were less likely to have favorable neurologic outcomes (Cerebral Performance Score 1 or 2) than those in White, non-Hispanic neighborhoods (odds ratio, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05 - 0.53). Conclusion: In Arizona, OHCA victims in mainly Hispanic neighborhoods received BCPR less frequently and had worse neurologic outcomes than those in mainly White, non-Hispanic neighborhoods.
Signal Processing for the MAMMOS Channel (2002)

In a Magnetic Amplifying Magneto-Optic System (MAMMOS) the InterSymbol Interference (ISI) problem is solved by copying bits from the recording layer to the readout layer through an aperture formed by the lagging thermal profile of the optical spot. The SNR problem is tackled by expanding and -after detection-collapsing of the copied domain with an external magnetic field. The consequence is that the detected MAMMOS peaks are partly in phase with the applied external field and do not contain information about the exact location of the bits in the recording layer. This hampers straightforward clock recovery.A new clock recovery method where the external field is switched depending on the detected data solves this problem. First experiments with a phase-locked loop (PLL) based on this clock recovery method show a jitter of 10.8% when detecting II marks separated by 19 spaces at linear bit dimensions of 250 nm for a system with a laser spot diameter of 0.66 μm (λ=658 nm; NA=0.6).
Robust and adaptive traffic surveillance system for urban intersections on embedded platform (2014)

The paper presents a real time traffic monitoring system that makes use of image processing algorithm to detect and estimate the of count of vehicles using motion detection approach. Traffic congestion is a serious issue, which is the root cause of a series of serious problems. Conventional traffic light controllers have limitations because they make use of the predefined hardware, whose functioning is governed according to program that does not have the flexibility of modification on real time basis. The proposed system makes use of a differential algorithm in order to determine the signaling duration of each lane of intersection. The system provides different delays for different junctions thus optimizing the waiting time of each user. This flexibility of timing and controlling prevents the congestion of vehicles in squares due to high waiting time for the green light. The traffic flux density determines the effective number of vehicles at any intersection and hence is critical in allocation of signaling duration to any intersection. Real time analysis presents many challenges in video analysis and in order to lower down the computational complexities, the algorithm makes use of simple background subtraction technique. The system has been tested for a number of video sequences. The results produced are extremely encouraging and hence the system can be applied in real time traffic control in urban areas.
Encrypted Program Execution (2014)

Outsourcing computation becomes more and more popular in the new era of Cloud computing. Programs can be transmitted in encrypted form, but currently for execution they must be decrypted and program code may be disclosed. The main goal of this paper is to provide a reasonable method for executing arbitrary programs in encrypted space without decryption based on homomorphic cryptography. We revise the method of Brenner et al. [1], [2] for secure execution of arbitrary programs in encrypted space and show how to improve its performance in several aspects: machine architecture, memory access and solve the termination problem for encrypted execution. We implement the virtual machine capable of executing encrypted programs without decryption and the C compiler for it.
Micronutrients and HIV-1 disease progression (1995)

These data suggest that micronutrient deficiencies are associated with HIV-1 disease progression and raise the possibility that normalization might increase symptom-free survival.
A Needs Assessment for Continuing Education of Federal Wildlife Damage Management Professionals (2010)

The complexity of wildlife damage management requires professionals to continually acquire new knowledge and skills that can be obtained through continuing education. Current literature suggests that wildlife damage management personnel are not receiving adequate training either as new professionals entering the fi eld or through continuing training as existing professionals. To better understand the continuing education needs of wildlife damage managers, we conducted a nationwide, on-line needs assessment survey for supervisory personnel of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services program (hereafter, WS). The goal of our survey was to identify gaps in continuing education and provide the basis for developing effective, appropriate, and on-going educational programs within the agency. Our survey specifically addressed the availability and importance of several topical categories, the use and desirability of different training delivery methods, and potential barriers to receiving training. Our findings indicate that human dimensions-related topics are the least available of essential training needs for WS employees. Our findings indicate that training needs for wildlife damage management professionals should be addressed at 2 levels: skills required by all personnel, such as communication skills, and skills needed by personnel on a program-specific basis, such as chemical immobilization and euthanasia. Designing training programs around this type of distinctive approach will enable employees to become better equipped for the needs of the profession, as well as their particular job function.