gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serological Identification of Mycoplasmas by Growth and Metabolic Inhibition Tests (1998)

The lack of a cell wall means that the growth of mycoplasmas can be inhibited by specific antiserum and provides the basis of a simple, economic, and objective means of species identification. In the diagnostic laboratory, unknown mycoplasma isolates are inoculated onto solid media and examined for growth inhibition in the presence of antiserum raised against known mycoplasma species. Zones of inhibition of >2 mm are usually considered significant evidence that the isolate belongs to the species represented by the inhibitory antiserum. Conversely, the absence of inhibition indicates that the isolate is unrelated unless, as is common with many porcine and avian mycoplasmas, there is significant strain heterogeneity. Where there is considerable variation, other tests (i.e., immunofluorescence or metabolic inhibition) are used. Inhibition may also not be seen where the inoculum size of the unknown isolate is too large or the growth rate is too strong; here, these effects will overwhelm the potency of the antiserum, giving false-negative results. Furthermore, the possibility of the isolate being composed of a number of different mycoplasmas (“mixed” cultures) necessitates the cloning of colonies, a laborious and time-consuming occupation. The quality of the antiserum, usually produced in rabbits, which for all intents and purposes are mycoplasma-free, cannot be overstated and is covered elsewhere.
Regulation of Brain G-protein Go by Alzheimer's Disease Gene Presenilin-1 (1998)

To investigate a possible association between G-proteins and presenilin-1 (PS-1), a series of glutathione S-transferase-fusion proteins containing portions of PS-1 were prepared and used in vitro in binding experiments with tissue and recombinant G-proteins. The results demonstrate that the 39 C-terminal amino acids of PS-1 selectively bind the brain G-protein, Go. Addition of guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate promoted Go dissociation from PS-1, indicating that this domain mimics the function of G-protein-coupling domains found in receptors. The 39-amino acid synthetic polypeptide activated Go in a magnesium ion-dependent manner. Physical interaction of full-length PS-1 and Go was also demonstrated. Following transfection of Goalpha and N-terminally FLAG-tagged PS-1 in COS-7 cells, Go was immunoprecipitated by FLAG antibodies. In addition, endogenous PS-1 and Goalpha were colocalized immunocytochemically in human glioma cell lines. The results indicate that PS-1 regulates Go activities in living cells.
The effect of posterior polyester tethers on the biomechanics of proximal junctional kyphosis: a finite element analysis (2016)

OBJECTIVE Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) remains problematic following multilevel instrumented spine surgery. Previous biomechanical studies indicate that providing less rigid fixation at the cranial aspect of a long posterior instrumented construct, via transition rods or hooks at the upper instrumented vertebra (UIV), may provide a gradual transition to normal motion and prevent PJK. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of posterior anchored polyethylene tethers to distribute proximal motion segment stiffness in long instrumented spine constructs. METHODS A finite element model of a T7-L5 spine segment was created to evaluate range of motion (ROM), intradiscal pressure, pedicle screw loads, and forces in the posterior ligament complex within and adjacent to the proximal terminus of an instrumented spine construct. Six models were tested: 1) intact spine; 2) bilateral, segmental pedicle screws (PS) at all levels from T-11 through L-5; 3) bilateral pedicle screws from T-12 to L-5 and transverse process hooks (TPH) at T-11 (the UIV); 4) pedicle screws from T-11 to L5 and 1-level tethers from T-10 to T-11 (TE-UIV+1); 5) pedicle screws from T-11 to L-5 and 2-level tethers from T-9 to T-11 (TE-UIV+2); and 6) pedicle screws and 3-level tethers from T-8 to T-11 (TE-UIV+3). RESULTS Proximal-segment range of motion (ROM) for the PS construct increased from 16% at UIV-1 to 91% at UIV. Proximal-segment ROM for the TPH construct increased from 27% at UIV-1 to 92% at UIV. Posterior tether constructs distributed ROM at the UIV and cranial adjacent segments most effectively; ROM for TE-UIV+1 was 14% of the intact model at UIV-1, 76% at UIV, and 98% at UIV+1. ROM for TE-UIV+2 was 10% at UIV-1, 51% at UIV, 69% at UIV+1, and 97% at UIV+2. ROM for TE-UIV+3 was 7% at UIV-1, 33% at UIV, 45% at UIV+1, and 64% at UIV+2. Proximal segment intradiscal pressures, pedicle screw loads, and ligament forces in the posterior ligament complex were progressively reduced with increasing number of posterior tethers used. CONCLUSIONS Finite element analysis of long instrumented spine constructs demonstrated that posterior tethers created a more gradual transition in ROM and adjacent-segment stress from the instrumented to the noninstrumented spine compared with all PS and TPH constructs. Posterior tethers may limit the biomechanical risk factor for PJK; however, further clinical research is needed to evaluate clinical efficacy.
Digital Servo for Photogrammetric Instruments (1971)

A form of digital servo with printed disk dc motor drive, incremental measurement, nonlinear feedback, and digital integrated circuit logic is found eminently suited to application in photogrammetric instruments. Complexity ranges from unity transfer through nonlinear transfer to use of a computer in the control loop. A steering circuit for drawing in a plane is also discussed.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbations in the COPDGene Study: Associated Radiologic Phenotypes (2011)

Greater lung emphysema and airway wall thickness were associated with COPD exacerbations, independent of the severity of airflow obstruction. Quantitative CT can help identify subgroups of patients with COPD who experience exacerbations for targeted research and therapy development for individual phenotypes.
Interaction between IgE complexes and macrophages in the rat: a new mechanism of macrophage activation (1977)

Abstract In earlier studies we found that normal rat macrophages, preincubated at 37°C with the serum of syngeneic rats immune to Schistosoma mansoni , strongly adhered to S. mansoni schistosomules whereas no significant adherence was induced with serum from normal rat. Using 51 chromium release assay, it now proved that immune serum‐incubated macrophages lysed the schistosomules in 18 h. Absorption experiments and ultracentrifugation of the immune serum showed that immune complexes containing specific IgE antibody against S. mansoni and soluble parasite antigens induced macrophage adherence and cytotoxicity. Using various labeling techniques, the binding of aggregated rat IgE to the macrophage surface at 37°C is evident in conditions where endocytosis is negligible. The binding of immune complexes containing IgE antibody to S. mansoni elicits dramatic ultra structural changes in the macrophage and an increase of its lysosomal enzymes together with specific lytic activity for the schistosomules. The parallel development of immune serum‐induced macrophage adherence or cytotoxicity with the level of circulating IgE antibody to the parasite in correlation with the development of immunity in the rat, suggests that this new mechanism of macrophage activation could play a role in immune effector mechanisms against S. mansoni. Therefore, IgE acts as a humoral mediator of cellular immunity.
Reduction of optical-beat interference in subcarrier networks (1996)

We present a method for improving the performance of a subcarrier multiplexed passive optical network (SCM-PON) in the presence of optical beat interference (OBI). By introducing strong "clipping tones" (optical-modulation depth >1) on each of the lasers their optical spectrum can be broadened, thereby ameliorating the effects of OBI. By carefully selecting the RF band used to carry signals, and that used for "clipping tones", OBI can be reduced without the clipping inducing errors. We have demonstrated the effectiveness of this technique by measuring the BER of a QPSK channel in the presence of OBI. A delayed self-homodyne technique was used to simulate worst-case conditions.
Livestock variation of linked microsatellite markers in diverse swine breeds (1998)

A panel of nine framework microsatellites (MS) linked to the Calcium Release Channel (CRC) locus on swine chromosome 6 (SSC6) was developed from the consensus genetic map. MS were screened across groups of unrelated animals from Yorkshire, Hampshire, Duroc, Landrace and Meishan swine breeds. Unique MS alleles for Yorkshire, Duroc, Landrace and Meishan breeds, and statistically significant (P < .05) associations between breeds and allele frequencies were found for each MS. Although breed marker heterozygosities ranged from 0.0 (S0035 in Duroc) to 0.92 (S0087 in Meishan), Correspondence Analysis identified MS alleles uniquely associated with either the Meishan breed, western breeds or alleles common to all breeds. Furthermore, an overall marker heterozygosity of < 0.70 demonstrates the need for multiple MS panels to accommodate reduced within-breed differences for identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL), marker assisted selection (MAS) programs or parental identification in commercial breeds.
A matching recommendation algorithm for celebrity endorsement on social network (2013)

In this paper, a new matching recommendation algorithm is proposed to help an enterprise to find one or several proper celebrities as their product endorsement. The fans group of a celebrity, his impaction value in the social network and the matching degree between the celebrity and the product are used to determine the most suitable celebrity in social network. The attribute similarities between the target customers and the fans of the celebrity are calculated via the Pearson similarity formula. Then, considering the impaction value of the celebrity and the matching degree of the celebrity and the product which can be accessed on the website or usually available from the enterprise, an evaluation index is proposed. We use some data from Sina Micro-blog to show the effectiveness of our proposed matching recommendation algorithm. Moreover, the analysis shows that the products may be different which are endorsed by the same celebrity in and off the social network.
HIF-1 Inhibitors for Cancer Therapy: From Gene Expression to Drug Discovery (2009)

Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a heterodimeric protein composed of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1alpha subunits, which is activated in response to reduced O2 availability. HIF-1 transactivates genes encoding proteins that are involved in key aspects of the cancer phenotype, including cell immortalization and de-differentiation, stem cell maintenance, genetic instability, glucose uptake and metabolism, pH regulation, autocrine growth/survival, angiogenesis, invasion/metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy. Increased HIF-1alpha levels, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis of tumor biopsy specimens, is associated with increased mortality in many human cancers. Drugs that inhibit HIF-1 activity and have anti-cancer effects in vivo have been identified and clinical trials are warranted to establish the contexts in which addition of such agents to therapy protocols will result in increased patient survival.
Pregnancy: The benefits of low-dose aspirin therapy in women with impaired uterine perfusion during assisted conception (1994)

The objective of this long-running study was to determine whether the addition of low-dose aspirin to a standard hormone replacement therapy (HRT) protocol improved uterine perfusion during assisted conception. A total of 99 women scheduled for frozen embryo replacement were studied. Endometrial preparation was with a standard buserelin/HRT protocol. Uterine perfusion was assessed by Doppler ultrasound and classified as impaired or normal. In their first attempts, those with impaired perfusion (group I, n = 37) received low doses of aspirin [150 mg (n = 26) or 300 mg daily (n = 11)], starting from day 13 of HRT. Women with normal perfusion (group II) did not receive aspirin. In subsequent attempts, those from group I were arbitrarily allocated to start aspirin on day 1 or day 13 of HRT, and 10 women from group II were arbitrarily selected to receive aspirin from day 1 of HRT. In group I, the cancellation (46 versus 36%) and pregnancy rates (15 versus 25%) in those who received 150 or 300 mg aspirin daily were similar. In those with cancelled first attempts, good perfusion was achieved in 82 versus 20% (P < 0.02) of subsequent attempts using aspirin from day 1 versus day 13 of HRT. Higher pregnancy rates (47 versus 17%) were achieved in those taking aspirin from day 1 of HRT. In group II, pregnancy rates were not statistically different in those who did or did not receive aspirin during their subsequent attempts (10 versus 35%). The addition of low-dose aspirin to a standard HRT protocol in women with impaired uterine perfusion is associated with improved blood flow and satisfactory pregnancy rates.
A framework to support an object-oriented view of existing engineering databases (1988)

This paper presents a framework for an Object Management System (OMS) to support an object-oriented view of an existing engineering database. OMS is intended to run on a workstation to access the engineering database on another machine (host). OMS has three components: a Data Model (DM) to define the objects and the relationships among the objects that exist in the host database, a Transformation Model (TM) to define the modeling concepts that are not directly supported in the DM, and a Mapping Facility/Optimizer (MF/O) to map the relationships to data stored in the host, and to build a host-executable program for each query the user issues. Mapping is done by host-executable procedures that encode the knowledge about the access to host-resident data. MF/O optimizes access to the host's database.
Evidence for a p27 tumor suppressive function independent of its role regulating cell proliferation in the prostate (2004)

Reduced p27 levels correlate with poor prognosis in a wide spectrum of human tumors and can accelerate tumorigenesis in mouse tissues. To determine whether p27 deficiency can accelerate tumorigenesis in tissues with inactive Rb and p53 pathways, we examined the effect of p27 status on prostate tumorigenesis in mice expressing simian virus 40 large T antigen (LT). In p27-deficient mice expressing LT, tumors progressed from high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia to poorly differentiated carcinoma at a greatly accelerated rate. p27 deficiency could not collaborate with a mutant of LT that fails to inactivate the Rb pathway alone. Furthermore, p27 deficiency does not increase the proliferation index, reduce the apoptotic index, or affect the expression of E2F-dependent genes in cells expressing LT at any stage of the disease. Expression of LT alone leads to maximal proliferation, but p27 deficiency still increases the amount of cyclin A and cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated kinase activity in tissues. Interestingly, this model recapitulates an important feature of the human disease, specifically a high frequency of allelic loss of chromosome 16q, which is syntenic to mouse chromosome 8. Loss of heterozygosity may accelerate the inactivation of other tumor suppressors, such as E-cadherin, which are located in this interval. These experiments provide direct physiological and causal evidence that p27 has tumor suppressive functions independent of its role regulating cell proliferation.
An interface holding chamber for anatomical and physiological studies of living brain slices (1997)

The popularity of infrared DIC videomicroscopy for a variety of anatomical and physiological studies in living brain slices has created a need for holding chambers to allow more than one slice to be examined during a single experiment. As is well known, the yield of experiments requiring living brain slices is severely limited by the conditions under which these slices are maintained prior to being examined. Previous electrophysiological and morphological studies have demonstrated that slices maintained submerged in solution deteriorate dramatically compared to those kept at the gas/fluid interface, even after only 1.5 hours and many recording chambers incorporate the interface principle in their design. However, to our knowledge, as obvious as it may seem, this principle has not been applied to the design of holding chambers, and those which are in current use are of the non-optimal, submerged type. We have designed a simple, but extremely effective holding chamber for incubation of brain slices floating at the gas-fluid interface. The slices held in this chamber have been maintained for at least 12 hours in excellent condition as shown here by rich labeling of their local axonal arbors. In addition, the chamber is designed to hold individual slices (up to 1 cm2 in size) in separate compartments for better preservation of brain slices from valuable species (e.g. animals subjected to experimental treatments, nonhuman primates and human biopsy tissue).
An adaptive grid non-parametric approach to pharmacokinetic and dynamic (PK/PD) population models (2002)

Our NPEM (Non-Parametric Expectation Maximization) software for non-parametric PK/PD (pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic) population modeling employs the classical expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to compute a maximum-likelihood distribution on a large multi-dimensional grid. In order to achieve good resolution, a large number of grid points must be chosen, which can lead to high computational demands requiring a large-scale parallel supercomputer. We describe an improved method, called NPAG (Non-Parametric Adaptive Grid), that uses a sequence of adaptively refined grids as well as a new, state-of-the-art interior point algorithm for solving the associated maximum-likelihood problem on each successive grid. The combination of the adaptive grid strategy with the interior point algorithm is far faster than the original NPEM method. Also, NPAG requires much less memory, thus making many computations feasible on a PC or workstation that previously required supercomputer resources. Finally, the new algorithm easily and naturally accommodates the simultaneous maximum-likelihood estimation of both intra-individual and inter-individual variability, thus improving usability and removing a major limitation of the original NPEM program.
Human bone marrow stromal cell colonies: response to hydrocortisone and dependence on platelet-derived growth factor. (1986)

Long-term bone marrow cultures are dependent on the formation in vitro of an adherent cell layer that supports hematopoiesis. We have grown bone-marrow-adherent cells, termed stromal colony-forming units, or CFU-ST, as isolated adherent colonies, and examined some of their growth requirements. Bone marrow mononuclear cells separated from aspirates by density centrifugation and cultured in medium supplemented with fetal calf serum or human plasma gave rise to adherent colonies (CFU-ST). An average of 23.4 +/- 2.1 (mean +/- SEM, n = 19) CFU-ST were produced by 10(5) bone marrow mononuclear cells. CFU-ST could not be cultured from similarly prepared peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The colonies were composed of spindle cells, flat cells, and fat-containing cells, with all three types often present in the same colony, suggesting derivation from a common progenitor. Cells were negative for nonspecific esterase and factor VIII antigen. Hydrocortisone added to the cultures at concentrations of 10(-7) M induced the formation of adipose cells in the center of one-third to one-half of the colonies but did not affect CFU-ST number. Human platelet-poor plasma and platelet-rich plasma were substituted for fetal calf serum in the medium. When all determinations for four experiments were averaged, platelet-rich plasma gave 17.8 +/- 1.2 (mean +/- SEM, n = 16) colonies, whereas platelet-poor plasma gave only 0.2 +/- 0.1 colonies (n = 15). When purified platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was added to platelet-poor plasma, growth of CFU-ST was enhanced, and a dose-response relationship was found between size of colonies and concentration of added PDGF. Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor added to cultures had no effect on the growth of CFU-ST.
Power-Synchronization Control of Grid-Connected Voltage-Source Converters (2009)

In this paper, a novel control method of grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs) is proposed. The method can be generally applied for all grid-connected VSCs but may be of most importance in high-voltage dc (HVDC) applications. Different from the previous control methods, the proposed method utilizes the internal synchronization mechanism in ac systems, in principle, similar to the operation of a synchronous machine. By using this type of power-synchronization control, the VSC avoids the instability caused by a standard phase-locked loop in a weak AC-system connection. Moreover, a VSC terminal can give the weak ac system strong voltage support, just like a normal synchronous machine does. The control method is verified by both analytical models and time simulations.
A computerized test battery sensitive to mild and severe brain injury. (2008)

Computerized tests like CNS VS allow clinicians the advantage of precise neurocognitive measurement in the service of diagnosis and appropriate treatment. CNTs are never going to replace the flexibility or comprehensiveness of conventional neuropsychological testing, but they have a role to play in circumstances where a full test battery is not feasible, such as screening and serial assessment.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Films as Solid Transducers in Potentiometric All-Solid-State Ion-Selective Electrodes (2012)

The development of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) using solid-state transducer materials is of great interest for advanced potentiometric detection systems. At present, conducting polymers are the most used solid-state transducing materials. However, their reliability is strongly related to their chemical stability and the formation of internal water films. Here we report on the use of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) films of different thicknesses as transducer materials in potentiometric all-solid-state ISEs. First, the transduction mechanism is fully analyzed, revealing that RGO films act as asymmetric capacitors where their electron density is in contact with ions of the electrolyte solution, creating a capacitance due to the constant phase elements present in the system. Second, as a proof of concept, RGO films are used in a calcium ISE showing highly reproducible sensing responses and outstanding increased signal-to-noise ratios with drifts of only 10 μV/h. These performance parameters are among the best compared to those of other ISE transducer materials so far. With its ease of fabrication and processing into reproducible films of controlled thickness and ease for further tailoring chemical composition and tailoring electrical properties, RGO offers great promise as a reliable high-performance transducer material for solid-state ISE sensors.