gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-to-fixed rate conversion of narrowband LPC speech (2005)

Variable data rate LPC speech compression schemes are employed to transmit LPC parameters only when speech characteristics have changed sufficiently since the last transmission, yielding improved speech quality relative to fixed-rate schemes for a given average transmission rate. Transmission of variable-rate LPC speech over fixed-rate channels is accomplished using transmit and receive buffers, with resulting transmission delays. Development of proper buffer control strategy is essential to minimize losses caused by exhausting either buffer, or by corrective actions, namely, forced or suppressed transmission. Certain aspects of such strategy and their impact on speech quality and data rate are discussed for a narrowband (2400 bps) speech transmission system.
Treatment of a mouse model of ankylosing spondylitis with exogenous sclerostin has no effect on disease progression (2015)

Although not disease-modifying, rSOST treatment did appear to regulate SOST levels in the joints suggesting biological activity. Further dose response studies are required and SOST may require modifications to improve its bone targeting ability in order to affect tissue formation to a meaningful level in this model.
Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Alcohols Using a Chiral Phosphine Catalyst (2001)

[reaction: see text] The kinetic resolution of racemic allylic alcohols 3, 6, and 12--17 has been explored using the PBO catalyst 7 for activation of isobutyric anhydride. Trisubstituted allylic alcohols (12--15; 17) are the best substrates and react with an enantioselectivity of s = 32--82 at -40 degrees C.
FABRICATION of ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES (2001)

This manual is prepared for the purpose of providing knowledge about OLED fabrication, the theory behind the operation of OLED’s, as well as classifying the substances and types of observations that are made during OLED fabrication and testing. A significant portion of the text is devoted towards explaining the procedure of OLED fabrication as observed during the summer of 2001 in rooms A216, A217, and A218 in the Physics Hall at IA State University. Several detailed diagrams are included as audiovisuals. In most cases, the text is formatted in column style for easier reading. Although the procedure and apparatus descriptions are as detailed as possible, it is not expected that this document gives all the necessary information needed for the beginner. Anyone wishing to thoroughly become involved with OLED research should follow an experienced graduate student in the lab for a couple of weeks before taking upon any independent work. Special thanks must be given to Joseph Shinar, who supervised this research, as well as the graduate students with whom I worked with. My associates included Bhaskar Choudhury, and Moon-Ky Lee.
A LINEAR MODEL WITH ERRORS LACKING A VARIANCE II1 (1978)

Summary Numerical results are presented for estimates of the parameters in the linear model Y =βX +ε in which X is normally distributed and ε is symmetric stable. The study complements an earlier paper of the same title and the main concern is with numerical comparisons between four estimates of β; the least squares estimate, the minimum absolute deviations estimate, and two moment estimates of the form derived in Chambers and Heathcote (1975). The generation of fifty independent sets of observations (X j , Y j ), j = 1,2, …, n for each of n = 100, 500 and selected combinations of parameter values provided the basis of the results. It is indicated that the moment estimators and the minimum absolute deviation estimator performed comparably, and are a significant improvement on the least squares estimator. The main conclusion is that one of the moment estimates, based on a two stage adaptive procedure and denoted by β¯ n (t a ) below, is generally the most useful of the four.
Central Office Switching (1971)

Central office switching of Picturephone calls required the design of an automated network capable of switching large numbers of wideband signais on an analog basis. We describe in this paper the development of a switching plan that allows for the interconnection of many customers to many trunks and at the same time stays within acceptable transmission limits. We also give an explanation of the transmission constraints on the physical design of the central office network.
C1 Chemistry for the Production of Ultra-Clean Liquid Transportation Fuels and Hydrogen (2006)

Professors and graduate students from five universities--the University of Kentucky, University of Pittsburgh, University of Utah, West Virginia University, and Auburn University--are collaborating in a research program to develop C1 chemistry processes to produce ultra-clean liquid transportation fuels and hydrogen, the zero-emissions transportation fuel of the future. The feedstocks contain one carbon atom per molecular unit. They include synthesis gas (syngas), a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen produced by coal gasification or reforming of natural gas, methane, methanol, carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide. An important objective is to develop C1 technology for the production of liquid transportation fuel and hydrogen from domestically plentiful resources such as coal, coalbed methane, and hydrocarbon gases and liquids produced from coal. An Advisory Board with representatives from Chevron-Texaco, Eastman Chemical, Conoco-Phillips, the Air Force Research Laboratory, the U.S. Army National Automotive Center, and Tier Associates provides guidance on the practicality of the research. The current report summarizes the results obtained in this program during the period October 1, 2002 through March 31, 2006. The results are presented in detailed reports on 16 research projects headed by professors at each of the five CFFS Universities and an Executive Summary. Some of the highlights from these results are: (1) Small ({approx}1%) additions of acetylene or other alkynes to the Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reaction increases its yield, causes chain initiation, and promotes oxygenate formation. (2) The addition of Mo to Fe-Cu-K/AC F-T catalysts improves catalyst lifetime and activity. (3) The use of gas phase deposition to place highly dispersed metal catalysts on silica or ceria aerogels offers promise for both the F-T and the water-gas shift WGS reactions. (4) Improved activity and selectivity are exhibited by Co F-T catalysts in supercritical hexane. (5) Binary Fe-M (M=Ni, Mo, Pd) catalysts exhibit excellent activity for dehydrogenation of gaseous alkanes, yielding pure hydrogen and carbon nanotubes in one reaction. A fluidized-bed/fixed-bed methane reactor was developed for continuous hydrogen and nanotube production. (6) A process for co-production of hydrogen and methyl formate from methanol has been developed. (7) Pt nanoparticles on stacked-cone carbon nanotubes easily strip hydrogen from liquids such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, tetralin and decalin, leaving rechargeable aromatic phases. (8) Hydrogen volume percentages produced during reforming of methanol in supercritical water in the output stream are {approx}98%, while CO and CO2 percentages are <2 %.
Multiview-video-plus-depth coding and inter-component prediction in high-level-syntax extension of H.265/HEVC (2013)

The multiview-video-plus-depth (MVD) format has become popular in representing 3D video content in a manner that enables free-viewpoint capability in the decoder side. The scalable (SHVC) and multiview (MV-HEVC) extensions of the High Efficiency Video Coding standard (H.265/HEVC) enable their functionality without additional coding tools and use the same high level syntax. In this paper, it is proposed to use the same coding approach as taken in SHVC and MV-HEVC for coding of MVD data. Furthermore, an inter-component motion vector prediction (ICP) method, which is realized through the temporal motion vector prediction (TMVP) mechanism of H.265/HEVC, is introduced to exploit the redundancy between texture and depth views. The experimental results show that 1.0% and 3.6% bitrate reduction can be achieved by ICP compared to independent coding of texture and depth for synthesized views and depth views, respectively, when the ICP method is applied to a 3-view coding scenario intended for multi-view autostereoscopic displays.
Fabrication and Applications of Carbon Nanotube Fibers (2012)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have exceptional mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties compared with those of commercialized high-performance fibers. For use in the form of fabrics that can maintain such properties, individual CNTs should be held together in fibers or made into yarns twisted out of the fibers. Typical methods that are used for such purposes include (a) surfactant-based coagulation spinning, which injects a polymeric binder between CNTs to form fibers; (b) liquid-crystalline spinning, which uses the nature of CNTs to form liquid crystals under certain conditions; (c) direct spinning, which can produce CNT fibers or yarns at the same time as synthesis by introducing a carbon source into a vertical furnace; and (d) forest spinning, which draws and twists CNTs grown vertically on a substrate. However, it is difficult for those CNT fibers to express the excellent properties of individual CNTs as they are. As solutions to this problem, post-treatment processes are under development for improving the production process of CNT fibers or enhancing their properties. This paper discusses the recent methods of fabricating CNT fibers and examines some post-treatment processes for property enhancement and their applications.
Comparative aspects of cerebral cortical development (2006)

This review aims to provide examples of how both comparative and genetic analyses contribute to our understanding of the rules for cortical development and evolution. Genetic studies have helped us to realize the evolutionary rules of telencephalic organization in vertebrates. The control of the establishment of conserved telencephalic subdivisions and the formation of boundaries between these subdivisions has been examined and the very specific alterations at the striatocortical junction have been revealed. Comparative studies and genetic analyses both demonstrate the differential origin and migratory pattern of the two basic neuron types of the cerebral cortex. GABAergic interneurons are mostly generated in the subpallium and a common mechanism governs their migration to the dorsal cortex in both mammals and sauropsids. The pyramidal neurons are generated within the cortical germinal zone and migrate radially, the earliest generated cell layers comprising preplate cells. Reelin-positive Cajal-Retzius cells are a general feature of all vertebrates studied so far; however, there is a considerable amplification of the Reelin signalling with cortical complexity, which might have contributed to the establishment of the basic mammalian pattern of cortical development. Based on numerous recent observations we shall present the argument that specialization of the mitotic compartments may constitute a major drive behind the evolution of the mammalian cortex. Comparative developmental studies have revealed distinct features in the early compartments of the developing macaque brain, drawing our attention to the limitations of some of the current model systems for understanding human developmental abnormalities of the cortex. Comparative and genetic aspects of cortical development both reveal the workings of evolution.
Applications of angular scatterometry for the measurement of multiply periodic features (2003)

Scatterometry is a novel optical metrology based on the analysis of light diffracted from a periodic sample. In the past the technology has been applied successfully to a variety of different grating types found in the manufacture of microelectronic devices. The scope of these applications, however, has been limited to structures that are singly periodic (periodicity = 1) in nature, i.e., gratings that are simple line and space structures with one periodic dimension. Rigorous coupled wave theory (RCWT), the underlying theory behind scatterometry measurements, can be applied to structures with a higher dimension of periodicity (periodicity > 1), although the computation is much more complex. In this paper we will discuss the application of scatterometry to structures with higher dimensions of periodicity, such as arrays of contact holes and DRAM cells. Details of the model, such as computation time and considerations for choosing a proper shape for the diffracting structures, will be presented. Sensitivity of the various parameters, such as the multiple critical dimensions and sidewall angles, will be discussed. Finally, results of measurements on contact hole and typical DRAM storage node patterns will be summarized. When compared to SEM, we will show correlation results that are greater than 0.9 for most applications, indicating that the technology can be applied successfully to such complicated structures. System matching between tools for these applications will also be discussed.
Orbital-Angular-Momentum-Based Electromagnetic Vortex Imaging (2014)

A novel radar imaging technique based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) modulation is presented. First, the generation of electromagnetic (EM) vortex wave, which carries the OAM, using incrementally phased uniform circular array (UCA) is introduced, and factors that affect the phase-front distribution are analyzed. Subsequently, echo signal models of both multiple-in-multiple-out and multiple-in-single-out modes are established. The target images are obtained using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and back-projection methods. Simulation results demonstrate that orbital angular momentum has the prospect for acquiring the azimuth information of radar target. The signal of both OAM modulation and frequency modulation can be used to obtain two-dimensional radar target image. The work can benefit the development of novel information-rich radar based on orbital angular momentum, as well as radar target recognition.
Immunogenicity of Viral B- and T-Cell Epitopes Expressed in Recombinant Bacterial Proteins (1994)

Foreign polypeptides can be expressed as genetic inserts in several permissive sites of MalE and LamB, two Escherichia coli envelope proteins. Several viral B and T-cell epitopes have been inserted in these proteins and we analyzed the role of the molecular environment on the immunogenicity of the foreign epitopes. These studies demonstrated that the antigenicity and immunogenicity of B-cell epitopes depend on their site of insertion in the carrier protein. Using bacteria expressing B-cell epitopes either at the cell surface or in the periplasm, it was also shown that the cellular location of a foreign B-cell epitope expressed by recombinant bacteria determines its T-cell dependent or independent characteristics. Analysis of in vivo immunogenicity of purified LamB or MalE hybrid proteins expressing two different T-cell epitopes established that the immunogenicity of recombinant T-cell epitopes may be strongly affected by both the insertion site and inserted adjacent residues. The in vitro analysis of specific T-cell hybridoma response to hybrid MalE proteins also showed that the molecular context of a T-cell determinant alters the diversity of its T-cell recognition.
Tyrosine kinase activity is essential for the association of phospholipase C-gamma with the epidermal growth factor receptor. (1990)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) treatment of NIH 3T3 cells transfected with wild-type EGF receptor induced tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma (PLC-gamma). The EGF receptor and PLC-gamma were found to be physically associated such that antibodies directed against PLC-gamma or the EGF receptor coimmunoprecipitated both proteins. The association between PLC-gamma and wild-type EGF receptor was dependent on the concentration of EGF, but EGF did not enhance the association between PLC-gamma and a kinase-negative mutant of the EGF receptor. Oligomerization of the EGF receptor was not sufficient to induce association of the EGF receptor with PLC-gamma, since the kinase-negative mutant receptor underwent normal dimerization in response to EGF yet did not associate with PLC-gamma. The form of PLC-gamma associated with the EGF receptor appeared to be primarily the non-tyrosine-phosphorylated form. It is concluded that the kinase activity of the EGF receptor is essential for association of PLC-gamma with the EGF receptor, possibly by stimulating receptor autophosphorylation.
Optical Readout of Videodisc (1976)

At first sight optical readout of videosignal stored on a disc seems to be a difficult and critical task due to what is paradoxically one of its most interesting features: no mechanical contact between the readout "stylus" and the information carrying surface of the disc. Since the readout "stylus" used here is a light beam, it cannot be simply mechanically guided by a groove, the way it is accomplished, for example with conventional audio records.
Using Annotated Peptide Mass Spectrum Libraries for Protein Identification (2006)

A system for creating a library of tandem mass spectra annotated with corresponding peptide sequences was described. This system was based on the annotated spectra currently available in the Global Proteome Machine Database (GPMDB). The library spectra were created by averaging together spectra that were annotated with the same peptide sequence, sequence modifications, and parent ion charge. The library was constructed so that experimental peptide tandem mass spectra could be compared with those in the library, resulting in a peptide sequence identification based on scoring the similarity of the experimental spectrum with the contents of the library. A software implementation that performs this type of library search was constructed and successfully used to obtain sequence identifications. The annotated tandem mass spectrum libraries for the Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteomes and search software were made available for download and use by other groups.
Subthreshold design considerations for insulated-gate field-effect transistors (1973)

A new subthreshold IGFET model, which includes dependence on gate, drain and substrate voltages for both long and short channels, will be described. Implications for circuit design will be discussed.
Amino Acid <i>N</i>−Carboxy Anhydrides with High Polymerizability in the Solid State (1998)

Abstract Solid-state polymerization of amino acid N−carboxy anhydrides was carried out in hexane with butylamine. L-Leucine NCA, L-phcnylalanine NCA, β-benzyl-L-aspartate NCA and DL-phenylalanine NCA gave high polymerizability in the solid state, compared with the reaction in the solution. L-Leucine NCA and L-phenylalanine NCA were found to polymerize mainly along a definite direction in the crystal. The crystal structure to determine the high reactivity in the solid state were considered; a sandwich structure: the alternative alignment of the five-membered ring layers and the side chain layers, and the molecular arrangement preferable for the formation of the polymer conformation. Key Words: amino acid NCAsolid-state polymerizationcrystal structure
USING A NEURAL NETWORK TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN DEPLOYMENT EVENTS AND NON- DEPLOYMENT EVENTS IN A SUPPLEMENTAL INFLATABLE RESTRAINT SYSTEM (1995)

This article describes an advanced supplemental inflatable restraint (SIR) controller which uses a three-layer, fully interconnected feedforward neural network to distinguish between deployment and nondeployment events.
Nanoscale patterning of Si/SiGe heterostructures by electron-beam lithography and selective wet-chemical etching (2000)

We present a low-damage fabrication technique for lateral sub-100 nm patterning of Si (13.5 nm)/Si0.76Ge0.24 (74 nm)/Si(001) heterostructures, which is based on successive selective wet-chemical etching. An oxide layer of 1-2 nm thickness on the Si top layer, which was formed well below the growth temperature of the heterostructure, was used as a sacrificial layer for transferring the resist pattern. Electron-beam lithography was done at 15 kV with a scanning electron microscope equipped with a field-emitter source. Transfer of the resist pattern is done by selective wet-chemical etching of the (i) oxide, (ii) Si and (iii) SiGe layers. The selectivity of the anisotropic Si etchant (25% w/w aqueous solution of tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) at 70 °C) is 20:1 for SiGe and better than 4200:1 for SiO2. The etch rate and selectivity of the SiGe etchant (buffered hydrofluoric acid, hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid) both depend on the waiting time between mixing and use.
Iron‐Catalyzed Alkylations of Aromatic Grignard Reagents (2007)

Any old iron: Two efficient iron-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions between aryl Grignard reagents and alkyl bromides were developed that are suitable for large-scale applications. The first procedure uses iron acetylacetonate and involves a cooperative effect between the two ligands N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) and hexamethylenetetraamine (HMTA), while the second procedure uses [(FeCl3)2(tmeda)3] as catalyst. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700742_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bi-specific Aptamers Mediating Tumor Cell Lysis (2011)

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity plays a pivotal role in antibody-based tumor therapies and is based on the recruitment of natural killer cells to antibody-bound tumor cells via binding of the Fcγ receptor III (CD16). Here we describe the generation of chimeric DNA aptamers that simultaneously bind to CD16α and c-Met, a receptor that is overexpressed in many tumors. By application of the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) method, CD16α specific DNA aptamers were isolated that bound with high specificity and affinity (91 pm-195 nm) to their respective recombinant and cellularly expressed target proteins. Two optimized CD16α specific aptamers were coupled to each of two c-Met specific aptamers using different linkers. Bi-specific aptamers retained suitable binding properties and displayed simultaneous binding to both antigens. Moreover, they mediated cellular cytotoxicity dependent on aptamer and effector cell concentration. Displacement of a bi-specific aptamer from CD16α by competing antibody 3G8 reduced cytotoxicity and confirmed the proposed mode of action. These results represent the first gain of a tumor-effective function of two distinct oligonucleotides by linkage into a bi-specific aptamer mediating cellular cytotoxicity.
Aerosol gene therapy with PEI: IL-12 eradicates osteosarcoma lung metastases. (2003)

Aerosol therapy resulted in selective gene expression and protein production in the tumor area. Aerosol PEI:IL-12 may avoid the systemic toxicities described previously in patients treated with i.v. IL-12. Because OS metastasizes almost exclusively to the lung, aerosol PEI:IL-12 therapy may provide a therapeutic option, which may be especially valuable.