gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The design of diaphragm-type boundary total stress cells (1993)

The compliance of boundary total stress cells is normally the primary criterion governing their design. It is widely believed that they will not under-read the pressures applied to them by soil if the ratio of the diameter of the cell diaphragm to the displacement at its centre is not smaller than some threshold value (typically 2000). This Paper reports the results of experimental and finite element studies which show that this approach is unsound, and that boundary total stress cells are more properly designed by taking into account the relative stiffness of the diaphragm with respect to the soil. Care must be taken in the design of calibration experiments, and soil stiffness must be measured locally and at small strains. There is then good agreement between observed cell action factors and predictions made using finite element analyses. Charts are presented which may be used for the design of field and laboratory instrumentation. La conformité des cellules de contrainte totale limites est normalement le principal critère qui gouverne leur conception. Il est très largement répandu qu'elles ne tiennent pas compte des pressions qui leurs sont appliquées par le sol si le rapport entre le diamètre du diaphragme de la cellule et le déplacement au centre n'est pas inférieur à certaines valeurs seuil. L'article présente les résultats d'études expérimentales et d'études par éléments finis qui montrent que cette approche est discutable et que les cellules de contrainte totale limites doivent être plutôt conçues en prenant en compte la raideur relative du diaphragme par rapport au sol. Il faut faire attention lors des essais de calibration, la raideur du sol doit être mesurée localement, pour le faibles déformations. Il y a alors une bonne correspondance entre les facteurs d'action des cellules observés et les prévisions faites par analyses par éléments finis. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme d'abaques qui peuvent être utlisés pour la conception de l'instrumentation in situ ou en laboratoire.
The B-cell development independent of the bursa of Fabricius but dependent upon the thymus in chickens treated with testosterone propionate. (1980)

Spleen cells taken from chickens treated with testosterone propionate, surgically bursectomized and immunized, were treated with anti-bursa-cell antiserum in the presence of complement, and transferred together with the mixed antigens into immunodeficient chickens. The recipient chickens showed restored capacity for antibody response to sheep red blood cells. In contrast, adoptive immune responses by spleen cells from normal chickens were abolished by treating with anti-bursa-cell antiserum in the presence of complement. These findings indicate that antibody-forming cells in TP-treated chickens do not bear cell-surface antigens specific for bursa cells; Testosterone-treated chickens were thymectomized at 7 days of age and immunized with the mixed antigens; the chickens thus treated were not able to produce antibodies. Thymocytes and thymus-derived cells taken from normal chickens were transferred into the testosterone-treated and surgically thymectomized chickens; but the antibody responses were not restored, indicating that absence of antibody formation in testosterone-treated, thymectomized birds is not due to lack of T cells as such. This result was confirmed by using adoptive transfer of B cells taken from testosterone-treated chickens together with T cells.
Accelerated Radiotherapy, Carbogen, and Nicotinamide in Glioblastoma Multiforme: Report of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Trial 22933 (1999)

Feasibility of ARCO treatment was good but that of ARN and ARCON was only fair. This probably reflected the higher acute toxicity rate, particularly gastrointestinal, for patients receiving nicotinamide. The dose of corticosteroids had to be increased frequently during treatment, suggesting a higher than expected acute neurologic toxicity. Overall survival was similar in the three treatment steps and not different when compared with results of other series that used radiotherapy alone.
Evidence for direct regulation of diphtheria toxin gene transcription by an Fe2+-dependent DNA-binding repressor, DtoxR, in Corynebacterium diphtheriae (1989)

Previous studies provided indirect evidence that in Corynebacterium diphtheriae regulation of diphtheria toxin gene (tox) transcription by iron is mediated by a bacterial repressor. By performing in vitro protein-DNA binding experiments, we establish that a corynebacterial Fe2+-sensitive protein, named DtoxR, can bind to a palindromic motif present in the tox promoter region. Binding of this factor prevents the interaction of the transcription initiation machinery with presumptive critical promoter elements, providing evidence that DtoxR is responsible for the repression of toxinogenesis observed in iron-containing growth medium.
Encapsulated Breaker for Aqueous Polymeric Fluids (1992)

Summary Conventional breakers reduce fracturing-fluid viscosity much too rapidly, even at moderate temperatures (140 to 200°F), to be used at the high concentrations required to degrade polymers within proppant packs. A delayed-release, encapsulated breaker was developed that permits the use of high breaker concentrations and thus significantly increases fracture conductivity.
Along‐strike variation of orogenic wedges associated with vertical axis rotations (2006)

Analogue experiments with variable along‐strike shortening were performed by pushing a rotating rigid backstop against constant thickness one‐layer (sand) and two‐layer (sand‐silicone) cakes. Along‐strike shortening differences were introduced by the vertical axis rotation of the backstop and caused lateral variations in the deformational style of the accretionary wedge. Deformational fronts were diachronous and oblique with respect to the backstop direction. Numerous oblique ramps developed in order to accommodate the structural differences between sectors with different amounts of shortening, individual thrust sheets rotated significantly less than the backstop, and older thrust sheets presented higher vertical axis rotations than younger ones. Analogue models show the importance of strike‐slip motions during thrusting and significant vertical axis rotations in frictional and ductile basal conditions, respectively. Our modeling results are compared with natural examples from the southern Pyrenees, the Idaho‐Wyoming thrust belt, and the Transverse Ranges, where external axis rotations are linked to oblique ramps, differential shortening, and thrust propagation in orogenic wedges.
Poised with purpose: Cell plasticity enhances tumorigenicity (2013)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKeywords:: cancer stem cellbreast cancerEMTZEB1bivalent chromatincell plasticitynon-cancer stem cell
Abstract 5548: The therapeutic potential of AMV564, a novel bispecific bivalent (2x2) T-cell engager, for the treatment of CD33-expressing hematologic malignancies (2018)

Abstract AMV564 is a novel bispecific bivalent (2x2) immunotherapy that initiates an immunological synapse between T cells and CD33-expressing cells by binding both CD33 and CD3 with strong avidity. CD33 (Siglec-3) is a clinically-validated antigen target that is broadly expressed on the surface of malignant cells in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and other hematologic malignancies, as well as on cells that potently suppress immune function, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). AMV564 has been shown to eliminate MDSCs and restore hematopoiesis, induce potent cytolysis of leukemic cells in patient blood and bone marrow samples, and produce robust antitumor activity in a disseminated model of AML. In vitro studies, including cytotoxicity assays with AML patient samples, human T-cell activation assays, and cytokine-release assays, as well as animal safety studies were performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and potential toxicities of AMV564. AMV564 demonstrated potent in vitro antitumor activity with EC50 values of approximately 0.7 - 3 pM. In vitro studies also demonstrated that leukemic cells are more sensitive to T-cell engagement using AMV564 than peripheral blood mononuclear cells by approximately 10-fold. In animal safety studies, AMV564 was tolerated at exposures that exceed those expected to have clinical antitumor activity by &gt; 10-fold. Toxicological findings noted in these studies were anticipated based on the pharmacological activity of AMV564; observed findings included events related to CD3-mediated T-cell activation, cytokine release, and decreases in neutrophil and monocyte counts with rapid recovery. Results from a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model integrating the preclinical data suggest the potential for a wide therapeutic index for patients with AML. Based on the in vitro and in vivo preclinical data, AMV564 is expected to have a wide therapeutic index, with robust antitumor activity in AML and MDS at doses well below those predicted to be associated with dose-limiting toxicities, and a predictable and monitorable adverse event profile. Citation Format: Tae H. Han, Jeanmarie Guenot, William S. Denney, Eric J. Feldman. The therapeutic potential of AMV564, a novel bispecific bivalent (2x2) T-cell engager, for the treatment of CD33-expressing hematologic malignancies [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5548.
Experimental Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis. II. The Synthesis of Pyrazinamides and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperimental Chemotherapy of Tuberculosis. II. The Synthesis of Pyrazinamides and Related Compounds1S. Kushner, H. Dalalian, J. L. Sanjurjo, F. L. Bach Jr., S. R. Safir, V. K. Smith Jr., and J. H. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 14, 3617–3621Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01134a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01134a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views959Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coexistence of Both Oleosin Isoforms on the Surface of Seed Oil Bodies and Their Individual Stabilization to the Organelles (1998)

The oil bodies of plant seeds contain a triacylglycerol matrix surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids embedded with alkaline proteins termed oleosins. Two distinct oleosin isoforms with molecular masses of 18 and 16 kDa are present in rice oil bodies. Chicken antibodies raised against oleosin 18 kDa and rabbit antibodies raised against oleosin 16 kDa did not cross-recognize these two homologous isoforms. This peculiar non-cross recognition was used to locate the two oleosin isoforms on the surface of oil bodies via immunofluorescence detection using anti-chicken IgG conjugated with FITC (fluorescein isothiocyanate) and anti-rabbit IgG conjugated with Texas-Red. The results revealed that both oleosin isoforms resided on each oil body in vivo and in vitro. Artificial oil bodies were reconstituted via sonication using triacylglycerol, phospholipid, and oleosins. The results indicated that the two rice oleosin isoforms could stabilize artificial oil bodies individually whereas oleosin 16 kDa provided better stability to the organelles than oleosin 18 kDa.
Points of View (2000)

Abstract I begin by raising the question whether there can be ‘absolute representations’. This is equivalent to the question whether the world can be represented from no point of view, absoluteness being an extreme form of objectivity. I probe the question, explain its significance and argue for an affirmative answer. I then consider arguments for a negative answer, and suggest that the most compelling of these depend on a kind of transcendental idealism that can be extracted from the work of Kant and Wittgenstein. The problem with such arguments is that the transcendental idealism in question is incoherent. But whence then its appeal? My diagnosis is that such transcendental idealism is the nonsense that results from attempting to express ineffable knowledge that we have. I then apply this idea to a range of further philosophical issues, including the nature of persons, the subject matter of mathematics, anti‐realism, value, and God.
Islet transplantation as a treatment for diabetes. (1998)

Beta-cell replacement therapy is an accepted treatment modality for diabetes.
Image plane detector for Fabry–Perot interferometers: physical model and improvement with anticoincidence detection (1991)

Modern Fabry-Perot interferometers use image plane array detection to obtain the multiplex advantage. The imaging quality of these image plane detectors (IPD's) limits their ultimate resolution and usefulness. The influence of pulse spreading on photon-counting IPD's is investigated, first theoretically and then experimentally on real devices. The model developed in our study is in good agreement with laboratory measurements and suggests a more reliable technique to measure the blurring of the Fabry-Perot fringe caused by the IPD. Based on the model, an anticoincidence detection circuit is designed; the circuit is simple, greatly reduces the blurring, and increases the resolution of the IPD.
Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationships and Antagonistic Effects in Human MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells of Flexible Estrogen Receptor Modulators (2005)

Estrogen receptors are therapeutic intervention targets for diseases such as osteoporosis and breast cancer with both tamoxifen and raloxifene established as clinical estrogen receptor antagonists. We report a series of novel selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) whose structures are based on a flexible core scaffold differing from the triphenylethylene of tamoxifen analogues through the insertion of a benzylic methylene group as a flexible spacer between the aryl ring C and the ethylene group. A facile synthesis of the target compounds utilises the titanium tetrachloride/zinc mediated McMurry coupling reaction. Successive introduction onto the parent scaffold of hydroxyl functional groups afforded a series of increased potency ligands for the ER - essentially exploring the predicted in vivo metabolic activation of such aromatic SERM ligands. This second generation compound series demonstrated high antiproliferative potency against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line, with low cytotoxicity. High ER binding affinity (IC50 20 nM) together with up to 12 fold ERalpha/beta selectivity was also observed. In addition, the compounds displayed antiestrogenic effects at 40 nM when evaluated in the Ishikawa cell line with little estrogenic stimulation. Representative ligands were shown to be pro-apoptotic in human MCF-7 cells in a FACS based assay. Comparison of the docked structure obtained for the most active compound with the X-ray crystal structure reported for the complex of ERalpha and 4-hydroxytamoxifen, predict that these ligands bind in an antiestrogenic manner with some differences being observed in the benzylic Ring C orientation, as expected. This work further demonstrates the tolerance of the estrogen receptor towards flexible modulators.
New technique for reducing the splice loss to dispersion compensating fiber (1996)

A new technique for reducing the splice loss between dispersion compensating and standard single mode fiber is presented. 0.4 dB splice loss is obtained by introducing an intermediate fiber between the dispersion compensating fiber (DCF) and single mode fiber (SMF). By using a specially designed intermediate fiber, the overall splice loss has been reduced from 0.7-0.8 dB to only 0.4 dB. This is to our knowledge the best splice loss between DCF and SMF.
Development of Heat-Resistant Stainless Steel with Excellent Spring Properties for Exhaust Gasket (2015)

Heat-resistant stainless steel with excellent spring properties at high temperature was developed for exhaust gasket. Recently, the temperature of the automotive exhaust system parts has been rising. The press-formed bead for sealing on the gasket undergoes elastic deformation while pressed, and the repulsive force of the bead prevents the exhaust gas leak. At high temperature the strength of the steel decreases, and the repulsive force of the bead becomes weak. Therefore, it is difficult to prevent the exhaust gas leak. The developed steel is austenitic stainless steel which does not transform at high temperature, and the strength is improved through cold rolling and nitrogen solution. In addition, the drastic hardness decrease is prevented as a result of the retardation of the austenite recovery and recrystallization by the nitride particles which are formed at high temperature. Furthermore, the particles contribute precipitation hardening. The developed steel shows the hardness exceeding 400HV after aging at 600℃ for 400 hours.
A total synthesis of C-nucleoside analog of virazole (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleA total synthesis of C-nucleoside analog of virazoleM. S. Poonian and E. F. NowoswiatCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 6, 1109–1110Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00426a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00426a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microfluidic means of achieving attomolar detection limits with molecular beacon probes (2009)

We used inline, micro-evaporators to concentrate and transport DNA targets to a nanoliter single molecule fluorescence detection chamber for subsequent molecular beacon probe hybridization and analysis. This use of solvent removal as a unique means of target transport in a microanalytical platform led to a greater than 5000-fold concentration enhancement and detection limits that pushed below the femtomolar barrier commonly reported using confocal fluorescence detection. This simple microliter-to-nanoliter interconnect for single molecule counting analysis resolved several common limitations, including the need for excessive fluorescent probe concentrations at low target levels and inefficiencies in direct handling of highly dilute biological samples. In this report, the hundreds of bacteria-specific DNA molecules contained in approximately 25 microliters of a 50 aM sample were shuttled to a four nanoliter detection chamber through micro-evaporation. Here, the previously undetectable targets were enhanced to the pM regime and underwent probe hybridization and highly-efficient fluorescent event analysis via microfluidic recirculation through the confocal detection volume. This use of microfluidics in a single molecule detection (SMD) platform delivered unmatched sensitivity and introduced compliment technologies that may serve to bring SMD to more widespread use in replacing conventional methodologies for detecting rare target biomolecules in both research and clinical labs.
Chromosomes, 11q and cancer: a review (1999)

This review aims at providing a general understanding of how the multiple cytogenetic aberrations in cancer cells arise and exemplifies this by considering the specific role of chromosome 11q loci in carcinogenesis. Section I provides a theoretical molecular and structural framework for understanding the cytogenetic aberrations described in cancer. Given this background, Section II describes advances in the identification and localization of cancer susceptibility genes on chromosome 11q, highlighting ongoing areas of investigation.
Hard real-time with RTX on windows NT (1999)

For a variety of reasons, Microsoft Windows NT is increasingly being considered as a platform for deployment of real-time systems. In order to meet the stringent latency requirements of hard real-time systems, it is necessary to augment the capabilities of Windows NT. We examine VenturCom's RTX, which provides a real-time subsystem running on Windows NT. It implements deterministic scheduling of real-time threads, inter-process communication mechanisms between the real-time environment and the native NT environment, and other extensions to Windows NT which are often found in specialized real-time operating systems. We discuss how the components of RTX provide these features, explore current results and experiences, and point out possible future directions for enhancement.
Phage Growth Characteristics on Stationary Phase Achromobacter Cells (1978)

The growth characteristics of alpha3a bacteriophage on stationary phase Achromobacter strain 14 are described. Phage alpha3a growth on stationary phase cells is characterized by a long and variable latent period of 6 to 9 h and an increased burst size of 710 p.f.u./cell as compared with 153 p.f.u./cell in exponential wild type cells. During the latent period the infected cells are very sensitive to changes in growth conditions and in particular, dilution. Pre-conditioning of the bacterial cells by allowing them to stand for 24 h after shaking for 3 days is an important aspect of the stationary phase phage growth system. Cells which have been allowed to stand retain the ability to be infected and to support phage growth for at least 16 days. Shaking cultures gradually lose the ability to support phage growth but the phage can persist in the host cell for 10 days until removal from shaking when the lytic cycle can proceed after allowing the cultures to stand.