gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-tumor activity of Sann-Joong-Kuey-Jian-Tang alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil in a human colon cancer colo 205 cell xenograft model. (2013)

Malignant tumors are the leading cause of death in Taiwan; among these, colon cancer ranks third as a cause of cancer-related death. Sann-Joong-Kuey-Jian-Tang (SJKJT), a traditional Chinese medicinal prescription, has been used to treat lymph node diseases and infectious lesions, and exhibits cytotoxic activity in many cancer cell lines. Our previous studies demonstrated that SJKJT inhibits the proliferation of human colon cancer colo 205 cells in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-tumor activity of SJKJT alone and in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in vivo. SCID mice bearing human colon cancer colo 205 cell xenografts were administered SJKJT alone (30 mg/kg daily, p.o.), SJKJT (30 mg/kg daily, p.o.) in combination with 5-FU (30 mg/kg weekly, i.p.), or vehicle alone. At the end of the 4-week dosing schedule, the tumor and animal body weights were individually measured. The SCID mice were sacrificed with CO2 inhalation, the xenograft tumors were dissected, and the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (MAP-LC3-II) in colo 205 xenograft tumors was measured by Western blotting. In the control, SJKJT-, and SJKJT plus 5-FU-treated mice, the tumor weights were 6.37±2.57, 0.43±0.35 and 1.63±0.46 g, and the mice body weights were 29±0.55, 29±2.71 and 27±0.77 g, respectively. Treatment with SJKJT resulted in a reduction in tumor weight compared with the control group, indicating that SJKJT inhibits tumor growth in a colo 205 xenograft model. SJKJT also increased LC3-II protein expression as compared to the controls. The present study shows that SJKJT alone or in combination with 5-FU has a positive effect on the treatment of SCID mice bearing human colon cancer colo 205 cell xenografts. This suggests that SJKJT has therapeutic potential in the treatment of human colon cancer.
The Northern Sea Route—Commercial Potential, Economic Significance, and Infrastructure Requirements (2000)

A Norwegian geographer and Deputy Head of the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) Secretariat surveys past, present, and potential future Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. The route's economic potential and importance, both as an international transit route and as a transport corridor to and from the Russian Arctic regions, are discussed. An overview of the main NSR infrastructure components (icebreakers, ice-class cargo vessels, ports) also is made, with estimates of future capacity. Based on the survey of future cargo potential, future infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with estimated capacity in order to identify possible future bottlenecks for NSR operations. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: L90, O18, R40. 1 figure, 4 tables, 76 references.
Density estimation using modified expectation-maximization algorithm for a linear combination of gaussians (2005)

In this paper we present a new approach for density estimation. The proposed approach is based on modifying expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to approximate an empirical probability density function of scalar data with a linear combination of Gaussians (LCG). We also propose a novel EM-based sequential technique to get a close initial LCG approximation the modified EM algorithm should start with. Due to both positive and negative components, the LCG approximates inter-class transitions more accurately than a conventional mixture of only positive Gaussians. Experiments on simulated images demonstrate the accuracy of our approach.
An electronic method of detecting impurities in the air (1951)

Impurity concentrations in clean dry air of one part in 107 by weight of polar vapours or of one part in 104 by weight of non-polar vapours were measured in terms of changes in surface potential of a prepared plate. Changes of potential of the order of 10 μV were measured using a vibrating condenser technique and a selective phase-sensitive amplifier. The results suggest that whilst the adsorption is caused mainly by electrostatic attraction between the dipole and its induced image, a small contribution is also caused by van der Waals attractive forces. The possibilities of obtaining selective adsorption, and some of the practical applications are discussed briefly.
On the Uniqueness of Nonnegative Sparse Solutions to Underdetermined Systems of Equations (2008)

An underdetermined linear system of equations <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Ax</i> = <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</i> with nonnegativity constraint <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</i> ges 0 is considered. It is shown that for matrices <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> with a row-span intersecting the positive orthant, if this problem admits a sufficiently sparse solution, it is necessarily unique. The bound on the required sparsity depends on a coherence property of the matrix <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> . This coherence measure can be improved by applying a conditioning stage on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> , thereby strengthening the claimed result. The obtained uniqueness theorem relies on an extended theoretical analysis of the lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> - lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> equivalence developed here as well, considering a matrix <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> with arbitrary column norms, and an arbitrary monotone element-wise concave penalty replacing the lscr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm objective function. Finally, from a numerical point of view, a greedy algorithm-a variant of the matching pursuit-is presented, such that it is guaranteed to find this sparse solution. It is further shown how this algorithm can benefit from well-designed conditioning of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> .
A perspective on man-machine communication by speech (1985)

A perspective is developed of the requirements for and the design of high-performance speech processing systems. These are viewed as complex systems composed of two hierarchies including a structural hierarchy of various sized units and an additional hierarchy of qualitatively distinct constraint domains. The nature of these constraints and their interaction is characterized, as well as the criteria for choice of units in the structural hierarchy. The unbounded set of surface phenomena that must be related to these units is shown to be represented by a range of patterns based on equivalence classes derived from the functional contrasts that must be maintained by the symbolic unit values. These abstract classes are related to surface correlates by complicated integrative processes, the nature of which has only recently been studied. Finally, the influence of computer science, which can be regarded as the study of complex systems, is described and the requirements for aggressive research facilities needed for further progress are developed.
The Reaction of O<sup>18</sup>-Labeled Ethanol with Phenols and N,N'-Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reaction of O18-Labeled Ethanol with Phenols and N,N'-DicyclohexylcarbodiimideF. L. BachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 4, 1300–1301Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01015a540https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01015a540research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
“This is your heart speaking. Call 911.” (2012)

Early warning for heart attacks could save many lives. We conducted three studies to design and evaluate multimodal alarms and patient training for an implanted heart attack detector. An implanted device provided vibrotactile alarms subcutaneously, and a pager-like device provided auditory and visual alarms. Temporal alarm patterns connoted an urgent emergency alarm (“Call 911”) and a less urgent alarm (“See your doctor”). In the third, clinical, study, most patients (94%) correctly responded to the alarms at 1, 3, and 6 months after device implantation. Subcutaneous vibrotactile alarms show great potential for use in critical medical applications.
Therapeutic Delivery of MicroRNA-29b by Cationic Lipoplexes for Lung Cancer (2013)

MicroRNA-29b (miR-29b) expression has been shown to be reduced in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues. Here, we have identified the oncogene cyclin-dependent protein kinase 6 (CDK6) as a direct target of miR-29b in lung cancer. We hypothesized that in vivo restoration of miR-29b and thus targeting of genes important to tumor initiation and progression may represent an option for lung cancer treatment. We developed a cationic lipoplexes (LPs)-based carrier that efficiently delivered miR-29b both in vitro and in vivo. LPs containing miR-29b (LP-miR-29b) efficiently delivered miR-29b to NSCLC A549 cells, reduced the expression of key targets CDK6, DNMT3B, and myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 (MCL1), as well as cell growth and clonogenicity of A549 cells. In addition, the IC50 for cisplatin in the miR-29b-treated cells was effectively reduced. In a xenograft murine model, LPs efficiently accumulated at tumor sites. Systemic delivery of LP-miR-29b increased the tumor miR-29b expression by approximately fivefold, downregulated the tumor mRNA expression of CDK6, DNMT3B, and MCL1 by ~57.4, ~40.5, and ~52.4%, respectively, and significantly inhibited tumor growth by ~60% compared with LP-miR-NC (negative control). Our results demonstrate that cationic LPs represent an efficient delivery system that holds great potential in the development of miRNA-based therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.Molecular Therapy-Nucleic Acids (2013) 2, e84; doi:10.1038/mtna.2013.14; published online 16 April 2013.
Reactive microservices for the internet of things (2019)

The Future Internet will be able to connect most of the objects that are not yet connected on the current Internet. The Internet of Things (IoT) is an important part of the Future Internet and involves connectivity between several physical and virtual objects, allowing the emergence of new services and applications. These intelligent objects, along with their tasks, constitute domain-specific applications (vertical markets), while ubiquitous and analytic services form independent domain services (horizontal markets). The development of these applications and services in these markets brings challenges such as deployment, scalability, integration, interoperability, mobility and performance. Recent research indicates that Microservices has been successfully applied by companies such as Netflix and SoundCloud to address some of these issues in their cloud computing applications. However, in the field of IoT, the use of Microservices to deal with these challenges still presents unresolved issues. In this paper, we present a reactive Microservices architecture and apply it in a Fog Computing case study to investigate these challenges at the edge of the network. Finally, we evaluate our proposal from the perspective of performance of Microservices provided by intelligent objects (IoT gateways) at the edge of the network.
[Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of murine SLC gene and characterization of its chemotactic function]. (2003)

The SLC gene was cloned from the mouse thymus tissue and could be expressed in B16F10 cells. The expression product in-vitro and in-vivo had a remarkable chemotactic function to lymphocytes.
Patient Web Services Integrated with a Shared Medical Record: Patient Use and Satisfaction (2007)

Use and satisfaction with MyGroupHealth were greatest for accessing services and information involving ongoing, active care and patient-provider communication. Tight integration of Web services with clinical information systems and patient-provider relationships may be important in meeting the needs of patients.
Measuring Thin-Client Performance Using Slow-Motion Benchmarking (2001)

Modern thin-client systems are designed to provide the same graphical interfaces and applications available
Development of a Novel Tumor-Targeted Vascular Disrupting Agent Activated by Membrane-Type Matrix Metalloproteinases (2010)

Vascular disrupting agents (VDA) offer a strategy to starve solid tumors of nutrients and oxygen concomitant with tumor shrinkage. Several VDAs have progressed into early clinical trials, but their therapeutic value seems to be compromised by systemic toxicity. In this report, we describe the design and characterization of a novel VDA, ICT2588, that is nontoxic until activated specifically in the tumor by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP). HT1080 cancer cells expressing MT1-MMP were selectively chemosensitive to ICT2588, whereas MCF7 cells that did not express MT1-MMP were nonresponsive. Preferential hydrolysis of ICT2588 to its active metabolite (ICT2552) was observed in tumor homogenates of HT1080 relative to MCF7 homogenates, mouse plasma, and liver homogenate. ICT2588 activation was inhibited by the MMP inhibitor ilomastat. In HT1080 tumor-bearing mice, ICT2588 administration resulted in the formation of the active metabolite, diminution of tumor vasculature, and hemorrhagic necrosis of the tumor. The antitumor activity of ICT2588 was superior to its active metabolite, exhibiting reduced toxicity, improved therapeutic index, enhanced pharmacodynamic effect, and greater efficacy. Coadministration of ICT2588 with doxorubicin resulted in a significant antitumor response (22.6 d growth delay), which was superior to the administration of ICT2588 or doxorubicin as a single agent, including complete tumor regressions. Our findings support the clinical development of ICT2588, which achieves selective VDA targeting based on MT-MMP activation in the tumor microenvironment.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Obesity-Associated Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Protective Effects of Pomegranate with Its Active Component Punicalagin (2014)

By promoting mitochondrial function, eliminating oxidative stress and inflammation, PU may be a useful nutrient for the treatment of NAFLD.
Apple pectin supported superparamagnetic (γ-Fe2O3) maghemite nanoparticles with antimicrobial potency (2018)

Magnetic nanoparticles are themselves a fascinating world due to their various applications in different fields mainly biomedical, catalysis, storage devices and many more. Till now magnetites have been explored extensively through different routes whereas another oxide of iron that is maghemite needs attention and yet to be discovered in different aspects. Here we show the simple, facile and less time consuming method to synthesize superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles. The highlights and novelty of the synthesis are marked by the use of sodium borohydride to obtain small sized iron oxide nanoparticles starting from a transition metal complex and further stabilizing them with a polysaccharide that is apple pectin. The maghemite nanoparticles thus synthesized, are characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD whereas, pectin binding with nanoparticles is confirmed by FTIR. The size of nanoparticles obtained is between 2 and 6 nm. The phase clarity of maghemites has been derived using Mossbauer spectra. Along with this, their antimicrobial behavior has also been studied using four different bacterial strains P. aerugenosa, S. aureus B. cereus and S. typhii. The nanoparticles were found to inhibit the growth of bacteria. The present work proposes green synthesis of maghemite nanoparticles in water as solvent and supports waste management by using polysaccharide obtained from apple peel.
Estimate of the ultimate performance of the single-electron transistor (1994)

The scaling limit of current semiconductor devices is thought to be about 100 nm. To reduce the size of devices beyond this point will probably require a new device technology. The metal single-electron transistor, using the Coulomb blockade effect, has been proposed as a replacement for semiconductor devices. Recently devices of this kind with potentially useful properties have been fabricated. The scaling of such devices down to atomic dimensions is investigated to see if they can compete with semiconductor logic or analog devices. It concentrates on the operation of a single device and not on the effects of integration. Until now such models for the single-electron transistor have assumed that the capacitance and conductance of the various junctions can be chosen independently, but it is demonstrated that the physical geometry causes restrictions on these choices. A second restriction is that as the device is made smaller the capacitance drops. This means that the temperature of operation rises, but so do the voltages required across the device. A point is reached where these voltages exceed the breakdown voltage of the junctions. For this reason the devices cannot be scaled indefinitely. The model predicts that if the devices are to perform logic functions or analog amplification their maximum speed will be limited to between 1 and 10 ps, which is not a great improvement on semiconductors, especially since for ultimate speed such devices will need to be 100 times smaller. The operation of such high-speed devices will not be possible at room temperature. Operation at 77 K will be possible but very difficult, and with current lithography limits of 10 nm, operation of useful logic even at 4.2 K will be marginal. The model does not rule out the use of the single-electron transistor for other purposes, such as memory and sensitive electrometers, and a process is described for the fabrication of 50 nm devices using a minimum of processing.
Aluminum-doped zinc oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition for transparent electrode applications (2011)

We obtained zinc oxide films doped with aluminum using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Their morphology, growth mode, optical and electrical properties are studied. Al content dependence is analyzed. Carrier scattering mechanisms in ZnO:Al (AZO) films are investigated from conductivity versus temperature measurements. We also discuss how the film thickness affects its resistivity and optical transmission. The obtained film resistivities, i.e. 7 × 10−4 Ωcm, belong to the lowest reported so far for transparent ZnO:Al films grown by the ALD method.
Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and cartilage‐derived morphogenetic proteins during osteophyte formation in humans (2003)

Bone- and cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (BMPs and CDMPs), which are TGFbeta superfamily members, are growth and differentiation factors that have been recently isolated, cloned and biologically characterized. They are important regulators of key events in the processes of bone formation during embryogenesis, postnatal growth, remodelling and regeneration of the skeleton. In the present study, we used immunohistochemical methods to investigate the distribution of BMP-2, -3, -5, -6, -7 and CDMP-1, -2, -3 in human osteophytes (abnormal bony outgrowths) isolated from osteoarthritic hip and knee joints from patients undergoing total joint replacement surgery. All osteophytes consisted of three different areas of active bone formation: (1) endochondral bone formation within cartilage residues; (2) intramembranous bone formation within the fibrous tissue cover and (3) bone formation within bone marrow spaces. The immunohistochemistry of certain BMPs and CDMPs in each of these three different bone formation sites was determined. The results indicate that each BMP has a distinct pattern of distribution. Immunoreactivity for BMP-2 was observed in fibrous tissue matrix as well as in osteoblasts; BMP-3 was mainly present in osteoblasts; BMP-6 was restricted to young osteocytes and bone matrix; BMP-7 was observed in hypertrophic chondrocytes, osteoblasts and young osteocytes of both endochondral and intramembranous bone formation sites. CDMP-1, -2 and -3 were strongly expressed in all cartilage cells. Surprisingly, BMP-3 and -6 were found in osteoclasts at the sites of bone resorption. Since a similar distribution pattern of bone morphogenetic proteins was observed during embryonal bone development, it is suggested that osteophyte formation is regulated by the same molecular mechanism as normal bone during embryogenesis.
Efficient Functionalization of Aromatic C−H Bonds Catalyzed by Gold(III) under Mild and Solvent-Free Conditions (2004)

A gold(III)-catalyzed carbon-carbon bond formation reaction between arenes and electron-deficient alkynes or alkenes is described. Electron-rich arenes can be efficiently functionalized with the alkyne or alkene substrates. This reaction can be run with neat reactants at ambient temperature. Under the "solventless" conditions, clean product was obtained from a reaction of equal molar amounts of arene and alkyne substrates. The mild conditions and potential tolerance to different functional groups make this method practical for arene functionalization and for constructing complicated molecules. Efficient preparation of various coumarins from aryl alkynoates was demonstrated. Preliminary mechanistic studies were performed to probe the pathway of this reaction.
Submilliampere threshold current InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs lasers and laser arrays grown on nonplanar substrates (1995)

High performance buried heterostructure InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs quantum-well lasers and laser arrays with tight spatial confinement of the electrical current and the optical fields have been fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The lasers ace fabricated in a single growth step, using nonplanar substrates as a template for the active region definition. CW room temperature threshold currents, as low as 0.5 mA and 0.6 mA, are obtained for as-cleaved double and single quantum-well lasers, respectively. External quantum efficiencies exceeding 80% are obtained in the same devices. High-reflectivity facet-coated lasers have room temperature CW threshold currents as low as 0.145 mA with 10% external quantum efficiency. Lasers made by this technique have high yield and uniformity, and are suitable for low threshold array applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reflections on the Black Woman's Role in the Community of Slaves (1971)

(1971). Reflections on the Black Woman's Role in the Community of Slaves. The Black Scholar: Vol. 3, The Black Woman, pp. 2-15.