gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impregnation of fluorescence dyes into polymer optical fiber using carbon dioxide fluid (2011)

In this work, subcritical levels of carbon dioxide fluids have been successfully used to prepare polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymer optical fibers (POFs) with rhodamine dyes. The solubility of rhodamine dyes in the carbon dioxide fluids with and without cosolvent was measured at 293 and 313 K over the pressure range 8-24 MPa. Impregnation experiments were carried out from 5.0 up to 20 MPa, and at 283 to 323K. The effects of experimental factors (cosolvent, temperature, pressure and impregnation time) were then investigated. Distributions of dyes in POFs were observed by microscope, and the optic characteristics of the POFs were determined from the measurement of fluorescence spectrum, which was pumped at 532 nm with a Nd : YAG laser. Moreover, the results clearly indicate that compared with the conventional drop method, the impregnation using CO2 fluids does not affect the fluorescence performance of the rhodamine dyes.
Inhibition of AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma cell proliferation following retinoic acid receptor activation. (1995)

Retinoids, a group of natural and synthetic vitamin A analogues the receptors of which belong to the superfamily of steroid receptors, can exert profound effects on growth and/or differentiation of embryonic and neoplastic cells. Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), previously a rare multicentric neoplasm, has become epidemic with HIV infection, although the etiology of KS remains obscure. In the present study, the effects of two potent retinoids, all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) and 13-cis-RA, on the expression of retinoic acid receptor alpha and the growth of AIDS-related KS (AIDS-KS) cells were examined. The proliferation of AIDS-KS cells was significantly inhibited by RA and 13-cis-RA in a dose-dependent manner with 50% inhibitory concentration of 1.4 x 10(-10) M and 4.7 x 10(-9) M, respectively, which correlate with their potency. Growth inhibition was time dependent with maximal inhibition of 90% after 3 days of treatment with 10(-8) M RA. Growth inhibition by RA was further potentiated by forskolin (1 microM), an intracellular cyclic AMP-inducing agent. Moreover, RA treatment blocked the proliferative effect of oncostatin M and tumor necrosis factor alpha, two major KS autocrine growth factors. The effects of RA were accompanied by a dramatic increase in nuclear staining for retinoic acid receptor alpha and in the relative number of strongly positive retinoic acid receptor alpha nuclei. Finally, RA induced morphological changes as KS cells became more flattened, better spread, and more adhesive to the substrate. These results suggest that retinoids inhibit proliferation of AIDS-KS cells and further support their utility as therapeutic agents in AIDS-KS.
Battery processing I. Kinetics of growth of basic lead sulfates during battery plate curing (1984)

The curing of battery plates is one of the most critical operations of manufacture of lead-acid batteries, with significant impact on battery performance and life. Further, curing is usually the slowest and least-controlled manufacturing operation, and the most difficult to assess by simple examination of the final product (cured plates). The use of commercially-available temperature - and humidity - controlled processing chambers should increase throughput and decrease variability within and among different plate batches. This paper reports on analysis of production plates made by several battery manufacturers and synthesis of some plates in our laboratory under controlled curing conditions. For analysis, we have used optical and scanning electon microscopy, dry paste apparent density and x-ray diffractometry to evaluate battery plates made under a large range of conditions. Among variables were: different oxide sources, different mixer designs, hand and machine pasting, different paste formulations (PbO: H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ ratio), positive vs. negative, racked vs. stacked, and different time/temperature/relative humidity for cure. Although our experimental program so far has not included the entire matrix of the above variables, several phenomena were observed and/or confirmed. As a summary of preliminary results, the growth of tetrabasic lead sulfate and decline in free lead appearmore » to be geometric rather than linear functions of time.« less
Least-squares fitting of data by polynomials (2001)

In the last two columns, we looked at one approach to approximation, interpolating a set of points by piecewise-cubic polynomials forming a cubic spline. We now look at another approach - one that involves fitting a curve to a set of data without restricting that curve to coincide with the data points. Our focus is on least-squares approximation, and, in particular, least-square fitting of polynomials to data.
Highly efficient and color-stable hybrid warm white organic light-emitting diodes using a blue material with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (2014)

Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) often undergo triplet energy loss through the triplet state of the blue fluorophors. Here, blue fluorophors with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) are introduced to solve this problem. The triplet excitons formed on blue TADF fluorophors can be harvested by either energy transfer to the low-lying triplet states of the phosphor or thermal upconversion to the emissive singlet states, eliminating the energy loss. Moreover, device structures are wisely designed to take full advantages of the charge trapping ability of the TADF dopant, 4,5-bis(carbazol-9-yl)-1,2-dicyanobenzene, achieving a color-stable warm white emission. Remarkably, a maximum forward viewing external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 22.5% and a maximum forward viewing power efficiency (PE) of 47.6 lm W−1 are achieved. These values are among the highest reported for hybrid WOLEDs and even comparable to full-phosphorescent ones, demonstrating that the strategy reported here is promising for OLED lighting.
α1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes Differentially Control the Cell Cycle of Transfected CHO Cells through a cAMP-dependent Mechanism Involving p27 (2002)

Three distinct subtypes of alpha(1)-adrenergic receptors (alpha(1)A-, alpha(1)B-, and alpha(1)D-AR) play a prominent role in cell growth. However, little is known about subtype-specific effects on cell proliferation. The activation of alpha(1)A- or alpha(1)B-AR inhibits serum-promoted cell proliferation, whereas alpha(1)D-AR activation does not show such an inhibitory effect. Notably, cell-cycle progression was blocked at G(1)/S transition after activation of alpha(1)A/alpha(1)B-AR but not of alpha(1)D-AR. In agreement with the differential cell proliferation effect, cAMP production was increased after activation of alpha(1)A/alpha(1)B-AR but not alpha(1)D-AR, whereas all alpha(1)-AR subtypes are associated with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation in a similar fashion. Furthermore, the serum-induced reduction in the levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27(Kip1), was blocked after activation of alpha(1)A/alpha(1)B-AR but not alpha(1)D-AR. These results show that alpha(1)-AR subtypes differentially activate the cAMP/p27(Kip1) pathway and thereby have differential inhibitory effects on cell proliferation. Subtype-dependent effects should be taken into consideration when assessing the physiological response of native cells where alpha(1)-AR subtypes are generally co-expressed.
Polyclonal and monoclonal antibody and PCR-amplified small-subunit rRNA identification of a microsporidian, Encephalitozoon hellem, isolated from an AIDS patient with disseminated infection (1994)

Microsporidia are primitive, spore-forming, mitochondria-lacking, eukaryotic protozoa that are obligate intracellular parasites. They are known to parasitize almost every group of animals including humans. Recently, microsporidia have increasingly been found to infect patients with AIDS. Five genera (Encephalitozoon, Enterocytozoon, Nosema, Septata, and Pleistophora) of microsporidia are known to infect humans. Enterocytozoon organisms cause gastrointestinal disease in a majority of AIDS patients with microsporidiosis. However, a smaller, but an expanding, number of patients with AIDS are being diagnosed with ocular and disseminated infection with Encephalitozoon hellem. Although microsporidial spores can be identified in clinical samples by a staining technique such as one with Weber's chromotrope stain, identification to the species level is dependent on cumbersome and time-consuming electron microscopy. We have recently isolated and established in continuous culture several strains of E. hellem from urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, and sputum samples from AIDS patients with disseminated microsporidiosis. We developed polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and PCR primers to a strain of E. hellem that can be used successfully to identify E. hellem from other species of microsporidia either in clinical specimens or in cultures established from clinical specimens. Since patients infected with Encephalitozoon spp. are known to respond favorably to albendazole, identification of the parasite to the species level would be invaluable in the treatment of disseminated microsporidiosis.
A NFV system to support configurable and automated multi-UAV service deployments (2018)

In this paper, we explore the strong potential of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) technologies to enable multi-mission small unmanned aircraft systems. In this context, we analyze the main challenges of using NFV technologies in this emergent field, and we present the design of an NFV system that supports the flexible, automated and cost-effective deployment of network services over small unmanned aerial vehicles. To validate our design, we implemented its most relevant components with open-source technologies, using this first prototype of the system to carry out a set of preliminary experiments that showcase its feasibility and functionality.
α-Cyclodextrin-Based Polypseudorotaxane Hydrogels (2019)

Supramolecular hydrogels that are based on inclusion complexes between α-cyclodextrin and (co)polymers have gained significant attention over the last decade. They are formed via dynamic noncovalent bonds, such as host-guest interactions and hydrogen bonds, between various building blocks. In contrast to typical chemical crosslinking (covalent linkages), supramolecular crosslinking is a type of physical interaction that is characterized by great flexibility and it can be used with ease to create a variety of "smart" hydrogels. Supramolecular hydrogels based on the self-assembly of polypseudorotaxanes formed by a polymer chain "guest" and α-cyclodextrin "host" are promising materials for a wide range of applications. α-cyclodextrin-based polypseudorotaxane hydrogels are an attractive platform for engineering novel functional materials due to their excellent biocompatibility, thixotropic nature, and reversible and stimuli-responsiveness properties. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current progress in the chemistry and methods of designing and creating α-cyclodextrin-based supramolecular polypseudorotaxane hydrogels. In the described systems, the guests are (co)polymer chains with various architectures or polymeric nanoparticles. The potential applications of such supramolecular hydrogels are also described.
WLAN steganography (2006)

Two different approaches for constructing a steganographic channel in an IEEE 802.11 (WLAN) network are introduced in this paper. First test results on the reliability, undetectability and capacity of a prototypical implementation of both approaches are described and discussed.
The Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Nucleoprotein Localizes to the Nucleolus (2001)

The coronavirus nucleoprotein (N) has been reported to be involved in various aspects of virus replication. We examined by confocal microscopy the subcellular localization of the avian infectious bronchitis virus N protein both in the absence and in the context of an infected cell and found that N protein localizes both to the cytoplasmic and nucleolar compartments.
Trojan Detection Based on Network Flow Clustering (2012)

Trojan is a threat to network security which poses a serious threat to national security. Through research on Trojan communication process, this paper proposes a data stream clustering method based on packet timestamp. This method uses cluster to compress Trojan communication data stream information, extracts cluster characteristics and then detects Trojans according to the cluster characteristics and correlation between the clusters. The experimental results showed that this method achieved good detection results.
Coeliac disease--associated disorders and survival. (1994)

The associated diseases in 335 coeliac patients diagnosed 1980-90 were compared with age and sex matched control patients with various gastrointestinal symptoms. Endocrine disorders were found in 11.9% of coeliac and 4.3% of control patients (p = 0.0003). Coeliac patients had insulin dependent diabetes mellitus significantly (p = 0.0094) more often (5.4%) than control patients (1.5%). connective tissue diseases were found in 7.2% of coeliac and in 2.7% of control patients (p = 0.011). Sjögren's syndrome occurred in 3.3% of coeliac patients and in 0.3% of controls (p = 0.0059). Autoimmune thyroid diseases were found in 5.4% and asthma in 3.6% of coeliac patients, but also in 2.7% and 3.6%, respectively, among control patients. The incidences of malignant diseases and the survival rate in coeliac patients were compared with those in the Finnish population. Ten coeliac patients developed a cancer during the follow up (mean 5.3 years, range 1-12) but none had a lymphoma. The risk of malignant diseases in coeliac patients did not differ from that in the Finnish population in general. Eleven coeliac patients died during the follow up. The five year survival rates of coeliac patients did not differ from those in the general population. At least 83% of the coeliac patients adhered strictly to the gluten free diet, which may explain the favourable outcome.
Trace Reconstruction: Generalized and Parameterized (2021)

In the beautifully simple-to-state problem of trace reconstruction, the goal is to reconstruct an unknown binary string x given random “traces” of x where each trace is generated by deleting each coordinate of x independently with probability p <; 1. The problem is well studied both when the unknown string is arbitrary and when it is chosen uniformly at random. For both settings, there is still an exponential gap between upper and lower sample complexity bounds and our understanding of the problem is still surprisingly limited. In this paper, we consider natural parameterizations and generalizations of this problem in an effort to attain a deeper and more comprehensive understanding. Perhaps our most surprising results are: 1) We prove that exp(O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/4</sup> √{logn})) traces suffice for reconstructing arbitrary matrices. In the matrix version of the problem, each row and column of an unknown √n×√n matrix is deleted independently with probability p. Our results contrasts with the best known results for sequence reconstruction where the best known upper bound is exp(O(n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> )). 2) An optimal result for random matrix reconstruction: we show that Θ(logn) traces are necessary and sufficient. This is in contrast to the problem for random sequences where there is a super-logarithmic lower bound and the best known upper bound is exp(O(log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> n)). 3) We show that exp(O(k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sup> log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> n)) traces suffice to reconstruct k-sparse strings, providing an improvement over the best known sequence reconstruction results when k = o(n/log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n). 4) We show that poly(n) traces suffice if x is k-sparse and we additionally have a “separation” promise, specifically that the indices of 1's in x all differ by Ω(k logn).
A fluorescent turn-on probe for the detection of alkaline phosphatase activity in living cells (2011)

Fluorescent probe 1, showing a high fluorescence turn-on signal ratio, enables the real-time imaging of endogenous alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in living cells, and the fast and quantitative analysis of enzyme activity at the single-cell level.
Introduction (2005)

From the early 1990s onwards writers like Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, among many others, have brought home to English-speaking audiences the new conditions of risk and uncertainty faced by everyone living in the contemporary world. Beck, with his pioneering Risk Society (1992), established the notion that risk is increasingly globalised and the unavoidable condition of late modern life. Giddens worked a nearby vein, emphasising in books such as The Consequences of Modernity (1990) the importance of risk and uncertainty as evermore pervasive aspects of the way that we live our lives, relying on expert systems and established levels of ontological security simply to get by. Writers like Zygmunt Bauman (1991) have emphasised the inevitability of, and the difficulties, dilemmas and resistances to, living with doubt, ambivalence and uncertainty (see also Beck, 1997).
The Evolution of Mathematical Modeling of Glioma Proliferation and Invasion (2007)

Gliomas are well known for their potential for aggressive proliferation as well as their diffuse invasion of the normal-appearing parenchyma peripheral to the bulk lesion. This review presents a history of the use of mathematical modeling in the study of the proliferative-invasive growth of gliomas, illustrating the progress made in understanding the in vivo dynamics of invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. Mathematical modeling is based on a sequence of observation, speculation, development of hypotheses to be tested, and comparisons between theory and reality. These mathematical investigations, iteratively compared with experimental and clinical work, demonstrate the essential relationship between experimental and theoretical approaches. Together, these efforts have extended our knowledge and insight into in vivo brain tumor growth dynamics that should enhance current diagnoses and treatments.
Optical Waveguides Formed by Proton Irradiation of Fused Silica*† (1968)

Various techniques for fabricating optical waveguides for laser-oriented applications are being studied. A technique utilizing radiation-induced changes of refractive index in optical materials is presented; the particular waveguide considered is a fused-silica slab that has been irradiated with protons to produce a channel with a refractive index slightly higher than the unirradiated silica. This high-index channel serves as the waveguide core and the surrounding unirradiated region as the cladding.Formulas for determining the size and shape of the high-index channel and the amount of index change have been developed. The primary waveguide parameters, core size, and refractive-index difference, may be adjusted by controlling proton energy and dosage, respectively. The technique is useful for formation of waveguides with core widths of 1 to 50 μ and index differences of 0.01 to 0.0001; it is particularly suitable for forming complex arrays of waveguides and waveguide components.Preliminary experimental work has used 1.5-MeV protons and dosages of 1014 to 1017 protons/cm2. Light propagation has been observed in waveguides formed by this technique.
A New One Step Synthetic Approach to the Isoxazolo[4,5-<i>b</i>]Pyridine System (1992)

Abstract A convenient direct entry to the title ring system by condensation-cyclization processes of 3,5-dimethyl-4-nitroisoxazole (1) with the enamines 2 and 8 is reported; some reactions of the resulting N-oxides 5 and 10 are also described.
Regulation of eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B: glycogen synthase kinase‐3 phosphorylates a conserved serine which undergoes dephosphorylation in response to insulin (1998)

Eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2B catalyses a key regulatory step in mRNA translation. eIF2B and total protein synthesis are acutely activated by insulin, and this requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase). The epsilon-subunit of eIF2B is phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), which is inactivated by insulin in a PI 3-kinase-dependent manner. Here we identify the phosphorylation site in eIF2Bepsilon as Ser540 and show that treatment of eIF2B with GSK-3 inhibits its activity. Ser540 is phosphorylated in intact cells and undergoes dephosphorylation in response to insulin. This is blocked by PI 3-kinase inhibitors. Insulin-induced dephosphorylation of this inhibitory site in eIF2B seems likely to be important in the overall activation of translation by this hormone.
Dramatic increases in latchup holding voltage for sub-0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS using shallow S/D junctions (1994)

Large increases in the latchup holding voltage are demonstrated with the use of shallow source-drain junctions in a sub-0.5 μm CMOS process. Holding voltages well above the supply voltage for 2 μm n/sup +//p/sup +/ spacings are demonstrated without the use of complex processes such as retrograde wells or buried layers. SIMS data is presented to verify the reduction in junction depths to 0.15 μm for the p/sup +//n-well and 0.14 μm for the n/sup +//p-well junction. The improvement in holding voltage is attributed to reductions in parasitic bipolar transistor gains, due to the increase in base width. Well behaved transistor characteristics are presented using the shallow junction technology.
A 3 V GaAs MESFET monolithic transmitter with cross-coupled common-source, common-gate pair linear mixer for cellular hand-held phones (2003)

A linear mixer with cross-coupled common-source, common-gate pair FET's was proposed and its performances were verified in the GaAs MESFET monolithic transmitter for cellular hand-held phones. The transmitter showed measured conversion gain of 31.2/spl sim/31.6 dB at LO input power of -5/spl sim/0 dBm, 1 dB compression point of power gain was 9.5 dBm at output power, and two-tone (with offset frequency /spl Delta/f=442.5 kHz) third-order intermodulation distortion (IMD3) at a total output power of 0 dBm was to be -47 dBc with a 3 V of supply voltage and 43 mA of current consumption.
Diffusion of Small Molecules in Metal Organic Framework Materials (2013)

Ab initio simulations are combined with in situ infrared spectroscopy to unveil the molecular transport of H2, CO2, and H2O in the metal organic framework MOF-74-Mg. Our study uncovers--at the atomistic level--the major factors governing the transport mechanism of these small molecules. In particular, we identify four key diffusion mechanisms and calculate the corresponding diffusion barriers, which are nicely confirmed by time-resolved infrared experiments. We also answer a long-standing question about the existence of secondary adsorption sites for the guest molecules, and we show how those sites affect the macroscopic diffusion properties. Our findings are important to gain a fundamental understanding of the diffusion processes in these nanoporous materials, with direct implications for the usability of MOFs in gas sequestration and storage applications.