gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of the Normal Intestinal Flora of Swine (1998)

Twelve hundred enterobacterial Escherichia coli isolates of porcine origin were screened phenotypically for antibiotic resistance. The bacteria were isolated from 10 herds of swine with different histories of exposure to antimicrobial agents for therapeutic purposes. The bacterial isolates were part of the normal bacterial flora of the intestines of the animals because they were isolated from healthy individuals. The strains were tested for phenotypic antibiotic resistance against sulfonamides, trimethoprim, streptomycin, ampicillin, neomycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline. Resistance against streptomycin was found to be most common, followed by resistance against sulfonamides and tetracycline. The highest number of resistant bacteria was found in herds where the use of antimicrobial agents was considered to be high. A selection of multiresistant bacterial isolates were further genetically characterized by hybridization with probes specific for the antibiotic resistance genes; sulI, sulII, dfrI, dfrIIb, dfrIX, and the class A, B, C, and D tetracycline resistance determinants. A PCR was developed and used for detection of the strA-strB gene pair encoding streptomycin resistance in gram-negative bacteria. The strA-strB gene pair was the most frequent resistance determinant in the isolates examined. This study indicates that nonpathogenic E. coli from swine may represent a considerable reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes that might be transferable to pathogens.
The platform for privacy preferences 1.0 (p3p1.0) specification (2002)

This is the specification of the Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P). This document, along with its normative references, includes all the specification necessary for the implementation of interoperable P3P applications.
Current-Voltage Characteristics of p-p Isotype InGaAlP/GaAs Heterojunction with a Large Valence-Band Discontinuity (1993)

Current-voltage characteristics of p-InGaAlP/p-GaAs heterojunctions have been investigated. A heterospike at the heterointerface of InGaAlP/GaAs generated a large voltage drop, which strongly depended on the Al composition and the acceptor concentration of InGaAlP layer. Insertion of an intermediate layer of InGaP, which had an intermediate band gap between those of InGaAlP and GaAs, significantly reduced the voltage drop by an order of 10 3 . These experimental results were in good agreement with the theoretical calculation accounting for a large valence band discontinuity between InGaAlP and GaAs.
Microwave Electron Linacs for Oncology (2009)

The history and technology of medical linacs are reviewed, focusing on machine requirements for radiotherapy. Configurations used in modern machines are described and operational aspects of a gantry-style linac system are illustrated with reference to the state of the art. Aspects of structure design, modeling and testing are discussed.
Non-nucleoside pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidines as inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus. (1994)

The aim of this study was to design, prepare and evaluate a number of non-phosphorylatable analogs of the pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine nucleosides toyocamycin, sangivamycin and thiosangivamycin as potential inhibitors of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). Several 4-amino-7-(ethoxymethyl), 7- ((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl), 7-(benzyloxymethyl), 7-(benzyl), 7-(4-methylbenzyl), 7-(3-methylbenzyl), 7-(2-methylbenzyl), 7-(4-tert-butylbenzyl), 7-(4-methoxybenzyl), 7-(methyl), 7-(allyl), 7-(propyl) and 7-(H) pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, 5-carboxamide and 5-thiocarboxamide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiviral activity. All of the 5-thioamide analogs had activity against HCMV with EC$\sb{50}$'s ranging from 0.1 to 2.7 $\mu$M compared to 8.7 $\mu$M for ganciclovir. The structure activity relationships were extended to include several 4-oxo-, 4-H-, 4-methoxy-, 4-ethoxy-, 4-methylamino-, 4-ethylamino-, 4-dimethylamino- and 4-thioxo-7-(ethoxymethyl) and 7- ((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl) pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile and 5-thiocarboxamide derivatives as well as several 4,6-diamino-7-(ethoxymethyl), 7- ((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl) and 7-(benzyloxymethyl) pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, 5-carboxamide and 5-thiocarboxamide analogs. Biologically, modifications at the 4-position were not well tolerated and in almost all cases no activity against HCMV was observed. The 5-cyano and 5-thioamide 4,6-diamino analogs were active against HCMV with EC$\sb{50}$'s ranging from 2.8 to 8.2 $\mu$M for the nitriles to 5-16 $\mu$M for the thioamide derivatives. Extensive HPLC studies demonstrated that many structurally dissimilar thiosangivamycin analogs were unstable in cell culture medium (without serum) and were converted, with half-lives ranging from 20-175 hours, to the corresponding 5-nitrile derivatives. This conversion was unrelated to the antiviral activity. Extended antiviral studies demonstrated that 4-amino-7- ((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl) pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-thiocarboxamide, 4-amino-7-(4-methylbenzyl)pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-thiocarboxamide and 4,6-diamino-7- ((2-methoxyethoxy)methyl) pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile acted early in the HCMV replication cycle, before the effect of ganciclovir. In conclusion, several non-phosphorylatable analogs of the pyrrolo (2,3-d) pyrimidines may be useful antiviral agents because of their selective inhibition of HCMV and unique mechanism of action.
A high-speed, compressible synthetic jet (2006)

The operation of a high-speed, compressible synthetic (zero net mass flux) jet is investigated experimentally using a small (nominally 6.5 cm3) piston/cylinder actuator driven by a variable speed motor. The actuator performance is characterized using phase-locked cavity pressure measurements, particle image velocimetry of the jet flow, and Schlieren flow visualization. Cylinder pressure ratios (relative to the ambient) measured over the experimental limits range as high as 8 and as low as 0.2, during the blowing and suction phases, respectively (producing sonic flow velocities at the orifice during both phases). Owing to compressibility effects, the shapes of the time-periodic pressure curves during the blowing and suction cycles are dissimilar (the suction duration is longer) and there is a clear phase shift between the peak piston displacements and the corresponding pressure extrema. It is shown that the performance is primarily affected by the characteristic velocity (defined by the product of the operating frequency and the normalized piston stroke length) and the compression ratio. A simple numerical model of the gas in the cylinder that treats the volume change due to the piston motion as a series of isentropic and adiabatic compressions and expansions and flow through the orifice as inviscid and isentropic is presented and is in good agreement with the measured system performance. The model indicates that the cylinder pressure curve grows to approximate a closed system as the characteristic velocity is increased beyond the experimental range. Finally, it is shown that the duty cycle of the pressure wave form (between blowing and suction) can be modified by increasing the flow area during the suction stroke using self-actuated valves in the cylinder head, resulting in higher peak pressures in blowing.
Pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD enhances cell death in RAW246.7 macrophages (2001)

Even though the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD has been widely used as an anti-apoptotic agent, inefficient prevention or even enhancement of cell death has been reported in certain cells. To further investigate its effects on cell death, three different cell types were exposed to various apoptotic stimuli in the presence or absence of zVAD. In Jurkat cells, zVAD protected against cell death induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and etoposide, whereas in L929 cells cell death was increased. In RAW246.7 macrophages, zVAD showed similar effects as in L929 cells. However, unlike L929 cells, in which the cell death by TNF is known to be necrosis, RAW246.7 cells manifested features of apoptosis such as chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation. Induction of cell death by zVAD in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW246.7 cells also showed the same features as those observed in SNP- and etoposide-treated cells. Initiation of an apoptotic process by zVAD not only disputes the sole role of caspases in apoptosis but also suggests an anti-apoptotic function of certain caspase(s). Death of LPS-activated macrophages may be controlled by an anti-apoptotic caspase.
Correspondence and Depth-Image Based Rendering a Hybrid Approach for Free-Viewpoint Video (2014)

We present a novel approach to free-viewpoint video. Our main contribution is the formulation of a hybrid approach between image morphing and depth-image based rendering. When rendering the scene from novel viewpoints, we use both dense pixel correspondences between image pairs as well as an underlying, view-dependent geometrical model. Our novel reconstruction scheme iteratively refines geometric and correspondence information. By combining the strengths of both depth and correspondence estimation, our approach enables free-viewpoint video also for challenging scenes as well as for recordings that may violate typical constraints in multiview reconstruction. For example, our method is robust against inaccurate camera calibration, asynchronous capture, and imprecise depth reconstruction. Rendering results for different scenes and applications demonstrate the versatility and robustness of our approach.
Interfacial Rate Processes in Adhesion and Friction (2000)

Adhesion between solid materials results from intermolecular interactions. The fracture resistance of an adhesive joint is, however, determined jointly by the mechanical deformation in the bulk material and the strength of the interfacial bond. The force needed to break an interfacial bond does not have a fixed value; it depends on the thermal state of the system and the rate at which the force is transmitted to the bond. The concomitant energy dissipation arising from the extension and the relaxation of the interfacial bonds contributes a significant resistance to fracture, which is clearly evident in elastomeric polymers. This issue of interfacial dissipation and its relationship to the length of the interfacial bridges and the rate of crack propagation are addressed with the kinetic theory of bond rupture in the tradition of the models developed by Eyring, Tobolsky, Zhurkov, Bueche, Schallamach, Kausch, and more recently, by Evans and Ritchie. Next, the method is extended to address the velocity-dependent sliding friction of elastomers against low energy solid surfaces. The theme of this article is to point out that certain aspects of adhesion, friction, and fracture may be described under a generalized framework of interfacial kinetics.
Sacred Geometry: Philosophy and Practice (1982)

The thinkers of ancient Egypt, Greece and India recognized that numbers governed much of what they saw in their world and hence provided an approach to its divine creator. Robert Lawlor sets out the system that determines the dimension and the form of both man-made and natural structures, from Gothic cathedrals to flowers, from music to the human body. By also involving the reader in practical experiments, he leads with ease from simple principles to a grasp of the logarithmic spiral, the Golden Proportion, the squaring of the circle and other ubiquitous ratios and proportions. This book is part of the Art and Imagination series, gloriously illustrated paperbacks which cover Eastern and Western religion and philosophy, including myth and magic, alchemy and astrology. The distinguished authors bring a wealth of knowledge, visionary thinking and accessible writing to each intriguing subject.
A dynamic simulation model for semiconductor laser diodes (2004)

A method for using the popular math packages Matlab and Simulink to simulate the behaviour of distributed feedback quantum-well semiconductor laser diodes using the rate equations that describe them is presented. A large-signal model for threshold determination and operating point selection is discussed. Small-signal properties of interest can be investigated using a state-space description of a linearized version of the rate equations, based on their Jacobian. The techniques presented here are suitable for investigation of both analog and digital modulation performance, for example frequency and pulse response. Large signal gain-saturation and frequency modulation effects are not considered.
Optimal MTCMOS reactivation under power supply noise and performance constraints (2008)

Sleep transistor insertion is one of today's most promising and widely adopted solutions for controlling stand-by leakage power in nanometer circuits. Although single-cycle power mode transition reduces wake-up latency, it originates large discharge current spikes, thereby causing IR-drop and inductive ground bounce for the surrounding circuit blocks. We propose a new reactivation solution which helps in controlling power supply fluctuations and in achieving minimum reactivation times. Our structure limits the turn-on current below a given threshold through sequential activation of the sleep transistors, which are connected in parallel and are sized using a novel optimal sizing algorithm. The proposed methodology is validated using HSPICE simulations of several benchmark circuits, which have been synthesized onto a commercial 65nm CMOS technology library.
Rut detection and following for autonomous ground vehicles (2009)

Expert off road drivers have found through experience that ruts formed on soft terrains as a result of vehicular transit can be used to improve vehicle safety and performance. Rut following improves vehicle performance by reducing the energy wasted on compacting the ground as the vehicle traverses over the terrain. Furthermore, proper rut following can improve vehicle safety on turns and slopes by utilizing the extra lateral force provided by the ruts to reduce lateral slippage and guide the vehicle through its path. This paper presents a set of field experiments to show the relevance of rut following for autonomous ground vehicles and proposes a reactive based approach based on knowledge of the width of the tires and the vehicle body clearance to provide mobile robots with rut detection and following abilities. Experimental results on a Pioneer 3AT robot show that the proposed system was able to detect and follow S-shaped ruts, and ruts that are not directly in front of the robot.
Fertility regulating and immunotherapeutic vaccines reaching human trials stage (1997)

The progress and current status of vaccines which induce antibodies against human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) are reviewed. Three vaccines devised against HCG have undergone phase I clinical trials documenting their safety, and reversibility. One of these, the heterospecies dimer (HSD)-HCG vaccine has also completed phase II efficacy trials in sexually active women of proven fertility. Immunization with the vaccine prevents pregnancy, as long as the antibody titres remain > or =50 ng/ml HCG bioneutralization capacity. There is no disturbance of menstrual regularity and women continue to ovulate normally. The antibody response is predominantly against an epitope in the core part of beta-HCG. Fertility is regained at titres <35 ng. These observations have laid the scientific foundations of a birth control vaccine. Research suggests the feasibility of making a cost-effective recombinant vaccine. The carriers tetanus toxoid (TT) and diptheria toxoid (DT) can be advantageously replaced by peptide determinants recognizing T, not B cells. In addition to optional fertility control, HCG vaccines may have tumour growth inhibition potential in lung cancers which produce HCG. The vaccine against LHRH can be used in both males and females. As it is a structurally conserved molecule, the same vaccine is applicable to both animals and humans. Antibodies against LHRH block the generation of gametes and sex steroids, with the result that the vaccine can be used for fertility control (domestic pets, prolongation of lactation amenorrhoea); as well as for sex hormone-dependent cancers. Phase I/phase II clinical trials have been conducted with the LHRH vaccine in advanced metastazing carcinoma of prostate patients with encouraging results. Bioeffective monoclonal antibodies have been developed against both LHRH and HCG. These can be 'humanized' and produced cost-effectively in bacteria and plants, thus paving the way for passive use of such antibodies for immunotherapy of cancers and fertility control.
A Comparison of Normalization Techniques for MicroRNA Microarray Data (2008)

Normalization of expression levels applied to microarray data can help in reducing measurement error. Different methods, including cyclic loess, quantile normalization and median or mean normalization, have been utilized to normalize microarray data. Although there is considerable literature regarding normalization techniques for mRNA microarray data, there are no publications comparing normalization techniques for microRNA (miRNA) microarray data, which are subject to similar sources of measurement error. In this paper, we compare the performance of cyclic loess, quantile normalization, median normalization and no normalization for a single-color microRNA microarray dataset. We show that the quantile normalization method works best in reducing differences in miRNA expression values for replicate tissue samples. By showing that the total mean squared error are lowest across almost all 36 investigated tissue samples, we are assured that the bias correction provided by quantile normalization is not outweighed by additional error variance that can arise from a more complex normalization method. Furthermore, we show that quantile normalization does not achieve these results by compression of scale.
Treatment of heroin-dependent poly-drug abusers with contingency management and buprenorphine maintenance. (2000)

This study targeted poly-drug (cocaine plus heroin) abstinence among buprenorphine-maintained participants with a 12-week voucher-based reinforcement therapy (VBRT) phase versus a yoked control condition. Baseline levels of cocaine and heroin use were significant predictors of treatment outcome, regardless of treatment assignment. Overall, there were no significant group differences on treatment outcome. However, among the subsample that produced one or more poly-drug-free urine results, VBRT participants had significantly increased cocaine-but not heroin and poly-drug-abstinence, although all results were in the predicted direction. Results suggest that for those who achieve poly-drug abstinence, VBRT may enhance treatment outcome. However, improved interventions, perhaps targeting single-drug abstinence, increasing reinforcement magnitude, or both, may be necessary to promote initial poly-drug abstinence in this population.
Advanced microwave processing concepts (1995)

The purpose of this work is to explore the feasibility of several advanced microwave processing concepts to develop new energy-efficient materials and processes. The project includes two tasks: (1) commercialization of the variable-frequency microwave furnace; and (2) microwave curing of polymer composites. The variable frequency microwave furnace, whose initial conception and design was funded by the AIC Materials Program, will allow us, for the first time, to conduct microwave processing studies over a wide frequency range. This novel design uses a high-power traveling wave tube (TWT) originally developed for electronic warfare. By using this microwave source, one can not only select individual microwave frequencies for particular experiments, but also achieve uniform power densities over a large area by the superposition of many different frequencies. Microwave curing of thermoset resins will be studied because it hold the potential of in-situ curing of continuous-fiber composites for strong, lightweight components. Microwave heating can shorten curing times, provided issues of scaleup, uniformity, and thermal management can be adequately addressed.
Open system architecture (OSA) for dual-use satellite navigation (2002)

A Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) concept based on an open system architecture (OSA) has been developed by the authors. As described in this paper, this GNSS OSA concept utilizes the Global Positioning System (GPS) signal-in-space interface as the foundation for its interoperability standards. So long as each GNSS component adheres to these interoperability standards, synergy is enabled at the individual satellite level and the overall whole becomes much more than the simple sum of its components. The biggest beneficiaries of this GNSS OSA concept are those military and civil/commercial users of satellite navigation services who already have equipment compatible with the GPS signal-in-space interface (i.e., dual use). With the recent decisions in Europe to proceed with the civil Galileo system, on-going international development of space-based augmentation systems, and several industry announcements of plans to build commercial regional positioning systems, the dual-use GNSS OSA concept described in this paper provides a technical roadmap for the future global evolution of satellite navigation.
Control of Glycolysis in the Human Red Blood Cell (1966)

in order to increase lactate formation remain to be clarified.This has now been done through studies of the isolated enzymes and of steady state glycolysis as a function of Pi with normal and pyruvate kinase-deficient red cells.In addition, these studies make apparent a relation between the level of monophosphoglyceric acids and the regulation of glycolysis at the glyceraldehyde-P dehydrogenase stage.
Funktionswandel des Kreislaufes beim alternden Menschen (1970)

Die Alterungsprozesse in den Geweben der verschiedenen Teile des Kreislaufsystems führen zu Veränderungen von Teilfunktionen, welche auf die Dynamik des Gesamtkreislaufs rückwirken und seine Transportleistung einschränken. Bei der Komplexität des Kreislaufsystems gibt es sicher viele Ursachen, welche an der Reduzierung der Transportkapazität im Alter beteiligt sind. Einige dieser Ursachen sollen hier näher dargestellt werden.
Conservation of an immunoglobulin variable-region gene family indicates a specific, noncoding function. (1989)

Blot-hybridization and DNA sequence analyses reveal the particular evolutionary conservation of a group of immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable-region (VH) genes in all mammalian species examined. These particular genes are group III genes--the VH7183 family in the mouse and the homologous VH III family in human. This conservation is localized to sequences encoding framework regions 1 and 3 of the antibody variable region and is exerted at the nucleotide level. Because selection acting at the amino acid level alone cannot explain the conservation of these sequences, these sequences must have a noncoding function. The preferential rearrangement of VH7183 and VH III genes, together with the similarity of the conserved sequences to elements implicated in recombination in other systems, suggest that these sequences function to target the series of rearrangements that assemble complete immunoglobulin genes.