gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of glucose/insulin perturbations on aging and chronic disorders of aging: the evidence. (1997)

Among changes associated with aging is a decline in glucose tolerance. The reported causes are increased insulin resistance from receptor and/or post receptor disturbances and diminished pancreatic islet B-cell sensitivity to glucose. Many recent reports indicate that insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia and/or hyperglycemia contribute to or even causes many chronic disorders associated with aging, i.e., chronic metabolic perturbations including noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, lipid abnormalities, and atherosclerosis. How could such disturbances in glucose/insulin metabolism lead to many chronic disorders associated with aging? In aging, similar to diabetes, the elevation in circulating glucose and other reducing sugars secondary to age-induced insulin resistance can react nonenzymatically with proteins and nucleic acids to form products that affect function and diminish tissue elasticity. Also, perturbations in glucose/insulin metabolism are associated with enhanced lipid peroxidation secondary to greater free radical formation. Free radicals of oxygen are important known causes of tissue damage and have been associated with many aspects of aging including inflammatory diseases, cataracts, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Augmented free radical formation and lipid peroxidation are not uncommon in diabetes mellitus, commonly associated with "premature aging". Ingestion of sugars, fats, and sodium have been linked to decreased insulin sensitivity, while caloric restriction, exercise, ingestion of chromium, vanadium, soluble fibers, magnesium, and certain antioxidants are associated with greater insulin sensitivity. Thus, manipulation of diet by influencing the glucose/insulin system may favorably affect lifespan and reduce the incidence of chronic disorders associated with aging.
Potassium Channel and NKCC Cotransporter Involvement in Ocular Refractive Control Mechanisms (2008)

Myopia affects well over 30% of adult humans globally. However, the underlying physiological mechanism is little understood. This study tested the hypothesis that ocular growth and refractive compensation to optical defocus can be controlled by manipulation of potassium and chloride ion-driven transretinal fluid movements to the choroid. Chicks were raised with +/-10D or zero power optical defocus rendering the focal plane of the eye in front of, behind, or at the level of the retinal photoreceptors respectively. Intravitreal injections of barium chloride, a non-specific inhibitor of potassium channels in the retina and RPE or bumetanide, a selective inhibitor of the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter were made, targeting fluid control mechanisms. Comparison of refractive compensation to 5 mM Ba(2+) and 10(-5) M bumetanide compared with control saline injected eyes shows significant change for both positive and negative lens defocus for Ba(2+) but significant change only for negative lens defocus with bumetanide (Rx(SAL)(-10D) = -8.6 +/- .9 D; Rx(Ba2+)(-10D) = -2.9 +/- .9 D; Rx(Bum)(-10D) = -2.9 +/- .9 D; Rx(SAL)(+10D) = +8.2 +/- .9 D; Rx(Ba2+)(+10D) = +2.8 +/- 1.3 D; Rx(Bum)(+10D) = +8.0 +/- .7 D). Vitreous chamber depths showed a main effect for drug conditions with less depth change in response to defocus shown for Ba(2+) relative to Saline, while bumetanide injected eyes showed a trend to increased depth without a significant interaction with applied defocus. The results indicate that both K channels and the NKCC cotransporter play a role in refractive compensation with NKCC blockade showing far more specificity for negative, compared with positive, lens defocus. Probable sites of action relevant to refractive control include the apical retinal pigment epithelium membrane and the photoreceptor/ON bipolar synapse. The similarities between the biometric effects of NKCC inhibition and biometric reports of the blockade of the retinal ON response, suggest a possible common mechanism. The selective inhibition of refractive compensation to negative lens in chick by loop diuretics such as bumetanide suggests that these drugs may be effective in the therapeutic management of human myopia.
The Fasciclin-Like Arabinogalactan Proteins of Arabidopsis. A Multigene Family of Putative Cell Adhesion Molecules (2003)

Fasciclin-like arabinogalactan proteins (FLAs) are a subclass of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) that have, in addition to predicted AGP-like glycosylated regions, putative cell adhesion domains known as fasciclin domains. In other eukaryotes (e.g. fruitfly [Drosophila melanogaster] and humans [Homo sapiens]), fasciclin domain-containing proteins are involved in cell adhesion. There are at least 21 FLAs in the annotated Arabidopsis genome. Despite the deduced proteins having low overall similarity, sequence analysis of the fasciclin domains in Arabidopsis FLAs identified two highly conserved regions that define this motif, suggesting that the cell adhesion function is conserved. We show that FLAs precipitate with beta-glucosyl Yariv reagent, indicating that they share structural characteristics with AGPs. Fourteen of the FLA family members are predicted to be C-terminally substituted with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor, a cleavable form of membrane anchor for proteins, indicating different FLAs may have different developmental roles. Publicly available microarray and expressed sequence tag data were used to select FLAs for further expression analysis. RNA gel blots for a number of FLAs indicate that they are likely to be important during plant development and in response to abiotic stress. FLAs 1,2, and 8 show a rapid decrease in mRNA abundance in response to the phytohormone abscisic acid. Also, the accumulation of FLA1 and FLA2 transcripts differs during callus and shoot development, indicating that the proteins may be significant in the process of competence acquisition and induction of shoot development.
Image Registration by “Super-Curves” (2004)

We solve the 2-D affine image registration problem by curve matching and alignment. Our approach starts with a super-curve, which is formed by superimposing two affine related curves in one coordinate system. We use B-spline fusion technique to find a single B-spline approximation of the super-curve and a registration between the two curves simultaneously. This approach achieves superior accuracy and efficiency in curve matching and alignment. We then address the occlusion problem by finding partial match between the curves segmented using inflections and cusps, which are affine invariant. The combination of edge detection and curve alignment lead to accurate image registration.
Ultra-Low-Power Cascaded CMOS LNA With Positive Feedback and Bias Optimization (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> A novel circuit topology for a CMOS low-noise amplifier (LNA) is presented in this paper. By employing a positive feedback technique at the common-source transistor of the cascade stage, the voltage gain can be enhanced. In addition, with the MOS transistors biased in the moderate inversion region, the proposed LNA circuit is well suited to operate at reduced power consumption and supply voltage conditions. Utilizing a standard <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {0.18-}}\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process, the CMOS LNA has been demonstrated for 5-GHz frequency band applications. Operated at a supply voltage of 0.6 V, the LNA with the gain-boosting technique achieves a gain of 13.92 dB and a noise figure of 3.32 dB while consuming a dc power of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\hbox {834 }} \mu{\hbox{W}}$</tex></formula> . The measured <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${ P}_{{\rm 1}{\hbox{-}}{\rm {dB}}}$</tex> </formula> and input third-order intercept point are <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-{{\hbox {22.2}}}$</tex></formula> and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$-{{\hbox {11.5 dBm}}}$</tex></formula> , respectively
Utilizing Passages in Fusion-based Document Retrieval (2019)

The usage of passage-level information has been successfully demonstrated in many core IR tasks, and among such tasks, the task of passage-based document retrieval. In this work, we study the merits of utilizing similar information for the fusion-based document retrieval task. Overall, we show that such information can be highly useful for this task as well. To this end, we propose three passage-based fusion methods and show that their performance can transcend that of strong document-level fusion methods.
Low Power Upconversion Mixer for Medical Remote Sensing (2014)

This work presents the design of a low power upconversion mixer adapted in medical remote sensing such as wireless endoscopy application. The proposed upconversion mixer operates in ISM band of 433 MHz. With the carrier power of -5 dBm, the proposed mixer has an output inferred 1 dB compression point of -0.5 dBm with a corresponding output third-order intercept point (OIP3) of 7.1 dBm. The design of the upconversion mixer is realized on CMOS 0.13 μm platform, with a current consumption of 594 μA at supply voltage headroom of 1.2 V.
Direct Preconditioning of Cardiac Myocytes via Opioid Receptors and K<sub>ATP</sub>Channels (1999)

Previous studies demonstrated that opioid receptor activation mimics the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning via KATP channels in the intact heart. However, it is unknown whether this beneficial effect is exerted at the level of the cardiac myocyte or coronary vasculature or is mediated via the sarcolemmal or the mitochondrial KATP channel. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to investigate whether opioid receptor stimulation could mimic the cardioprotective effect of preconditioning in a cardiac myocyte model of simulated ischemia. Cardiac ventricular myocytes cultured from chick embryos 14 days in ovo were used as an in vitro model for ischemic preconditioning. A 5-minute exposure of the myocytes to the opioid receptor agonist morphine protected the myocytes during a subsequent 90-minute period of simulated ischemia, which was manifested as a pronounced reduction in the percentage of cardiac cells killed and the amount of creatine kinase released during ischemia. The preconditioning-like effect of morphine was concentration-dependent, reached a maximal effect at 1 micromol/L, and was reversed by naloxone (0.1 to 10 micromol/L). When KATP channel antagonists, such as glibenclamide, or the mitochondrial selective inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoic acid were present during preexposure to morphine, they abolished the protective effect of morphine. Thus, cardiac myocytes express functional opioid receptors, and their activation mimics the cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning. These results provide direct evidence that the preconditioning-like effect of morphine in the intact heart can be exerted at the level of cardiac myocytes and is most likely the result of mitochondrial KATP channel activation.
Pharmacological HIF-inhibition attenuates postoperative adhesion formation (2017)

Peritoneal adhesions represent a common complication of abdominal surgery, and tissue hypoxia is a main determinant in adhesion formation. Reliable therapeutic options to reduce peritoneal adhesions are scarce. We investigated whether the formation of postsurgical adhesions can be affected by pharmacological interference with hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). Mice were treated with a small molecule HIF-inhibitor, YC-1 (3-[5'-Hydroxymethyl-2'-furyl]-1-benzyl-indazole), or vehicle three days before and seven days after induction of peritoneal adhesions or, alternatively, once during induction of peritoneal adhesions. Pretreatment or single intraperitoneal lavage with YC-1 significantly reduced postoperative adhesion formation without prompting systemic adverse effects. Expression analyses of cytokines in peritoneal tissue and fluid and in vitro assays applying macrophages and peritoneal fibroblasts indicated that this effect was cooperatively mediated by various putatively HIF-1α-dependent mechanisms, comprising attenuated pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages, impaired recruitment and activation of peritoneal fibroblasts, mitigated epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT), as well as enhanced fibrinolysis and impaired angiogenesis. Thus, this study identifies prevention of postsurgical peritoneal adhesions as a novel and promising field for the application of HIF inhibitors in clinical practice.
Ladung und Potential: Arene als Oxidantien (1996)

Eine Oxidationskraft ähnlich der chinoider Oxidantien haben die octa‐ und tetraoniosubstituierten Arene 1 bzw. 2a, b , die durch Me 3 SiOTf‐assistierte Polyoniosubstitution einfach zugänglich sind. 1: L = 4‐Dimethylaminopyridin. 2a ; x = CF, 2b: x = N; L in beiden Fällen PR 3 . magnified image
Interaction of laser-generated surface acoustic pulses with fine particles: Surface cleaning and adhesion studies (1998)

The mechanical forces associated with the surface acceleration in high-amplitude surface acoustic waves (SAWs) detach the particles from the surface. The removal of micron sized particles with a nanosecond SAW pulse excited by a focused laser beam in a silicon wafer was quantitatively investigated. Both vertical and horizontal particle displacements have been observed. It is shown that for nanosecond SAW pulses the limit of the surface acceleration of about 1010 m/s2 is set by the fracture of the material and corresponds to the removal of particles larger than about 0.05 μm. In addition, the nonlinear transformation of the excited SAW pulses results in an increase of the surface acceleration and contributes to the cleaning process extending it to even smaller particle dimensions. The technique is applicable in vacuum and improves the energetic effectiveness of the cleaning due to the removal of particles not only in the irradiated region, but also in the wider area covered by the SAW pulse propagation. It can be also used for the determination of the Hamaker constant of the adhesion force.
A single-chip Viterbi decoder for a binary convolutional code using an adaptive algorithm (1995)

By using an adaptive algorithm, we design a single-chip Viterbi decoder for a rate 1/2 binary convolutional code. The adaptive algorithm is realized by threshold checking at each stage. The survivor paths that are less likely are ignored and hence the number of states at each decoding stage to be computed is reduced significantly in comparison with the conventional Viterbi decoder. Therefore, the decoding speed can be increased. A single-chip hard-decision decoder for a rate 1/2 convolutional code with constraint length K=6 (64 states) has been fabricated in 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Experimental results show that this improved algorithm can achieve a data throughput rate about 3 times faster than that using a conventional algorithm without sacrificing the decoding reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemical Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide in Polluted Brines Using Porous Graphite Electrodes under Geothermal Conditions (2010)

Hydrogen sulfide contaminates the geothermal brines that are encountered in the drilling of wells. It promotes the corrosion of the drilling equipment, pipelines, vessels, forms sulfide scales, which plug tubulars, and degrades the quality of the produced oil. This work aims to study the feasibility of electrochemical removal of H2S from such brines by anodic oxidation. Porous graphite electrode was used to achieve electrochemical oxidation of sulfide ions in chloride brines in an autoclave under high temperature and pressure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) proved that sulfur was identified as the final reaction product under various potentials and temperatures. In low temperature, the sulfur was detected on the electrode surface, while in high temperature the resulting sulfur flows out in the electrolyte so that it is not detected on the electrode surface. The rate of sulfide oxidation depends on the potential, temperature and the sulfide concentration. The obtained limiting currents are lower than those predicted from mass transfer correlations, which result from the effects of the deposited sulfur on the internal surface of the porous graphite electrode. The large internal surface area of the used electrodes improved the removal efficiency of sulfide ions and this is very clearly noticed from the current transient's results. In high temperature, the limiting current is re-increased due to the liberation of sulfur from the electrode surface, which reactivates electrode surface and the rate of oxidation is increased again.
Neutral molecule emission from the fracture of crystalline MgO (1987)

We present further measurements of the neutral molecule emission accompanying the fracture of single-crystal MgO. Comparison is made of the intensities and species of this emission for basically two types of MgO: optically clear and so-called ‘‘cloudy’’ MgO. The latter material contains voids and precipitates of micron and submicron dimensions. In addition to time resolved mass selected measurements of the released neutral species we also examine the fractrography of the fracture surfaces and infrared spectroscopy of the bulk material. These measurements strongly support a correlation between O2, CO, H2O, and CH4 emission intensities and the presence of dissolved H2O, microscopic voids, and precipitates in the MgO. Segregation of gases in zones near precipitates may be the major source of O2 emission.
Inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C: complete cDNA and protein sequences and sequence homology to tyrosine kinase-related oncogene products. (1988)

Antibodies against an inositol phospholipid-specific phospholipase C purified from bovine brain were used to screen rat brain lambda gt11 expression cDNA libraries. Complete sequences of three cDNA inserts yielded a cumulative sequence of 5106 base pairs. The deduced protein had 1289 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 148,431. The determination of an open reading frame was aided by the amino acid sequences of 21 tryptic peptides isolated from bovine brain phospholipase C. Only 9 residues of a total of 140 amino acid residues determined for the bovine enzyme were different from those deduced from the rat cDNA. Two regions of phospholipase C (amino acid residues 555-598 and 668-705) exhibited significant amino acid similarities to the products of various tyrosine kinase-related oncogenes (yes, src, fgr, abl, fps, fes, and tck). The homologous domain was located in the region that is not essential for the protein-tyrosine kinase activity but is likely to be involved in an interaction with cellular components that modulate kinase function. Therefore, this unexpected similarity raises the possibility that the 148-kDa phospholipase C and cytoplasmic tyrosine kinases are modulated by common cellular component(s).
PROSTATIC TISSUE ABLATION BY INJECTION: A LITERATURE REVIEW (2004)

Examined for more than a century, the potential for using injectables for prostatic tissue ablation remains significant. More systematic laboratory research and clinical trials, currently ongoing, need to be completed.
Systemic human orbital fat-derived stem/stromal cell transplantation ameliorates acute inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury (2012)

Systemic orbital fat-derived stem/stromal cell transplantation was effective in modulating inflammation during acute lung injury. The therapeutic effect was attributed to the inhibition of acute inflammatory responses.
The medial heel skive technique. Improving pronation control in foot orthoses (1992)

A new method of foot orthosis modification that enhances the pronation controlling ability of foot orthoses is presented. The medial heel skive technique involves selectively removing small amounts of the medial portion of the plantar heel of the positive cast of the foot to create a unique varus wedging effect within the heel cup of the foot orthosis. The resulting increase in supination moment across the subtalar joint axis of the foot clinically produces significantly improved pronation control on pediatric flexible flat feet, posterior tibial dysfunction, and other types of excessively pronated feet.
An analytical technique for measuring relative tie‐molecule concentration in polyethylene (1991)

Abstract While consideration of the crystalline domains have long dominated research in understanding the properties of semicrystalline polymers, a satisfactory understanding of crack growth in these materials can only be realized by developing corresponding analytical tools to characterize the amorphous region. Since slow stable cracks in these materials preferentially form between crystalline lamellae, the role of tie molecules—the amorphous chains that bridge crystalline lamellae—are particularly important in this regard. Unfortunately, there is no method readily available for quantitative assessment of tie molecules. Through deformation and subsequent chlorination of polyethylene films, it is demonstrated that infrared dichroism can be used to determine relative tie‐molecule concentration. Using this technique, one can a priori predict which resin in a series having comparable densities but widely varying molecular weights or comonomer distributions exhibits better crack resistance.
Enantiomerically Pure Synthesis of β-Substituted γ-Butyrolactones:  A Key Intermediate to Concise Synthesis of Pregabalin (2007)

Chiral beta-substituted gamma-butyrolactones are known to be important intermediates for many biologically active compounds such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) derivatives and lignans. We have developed a general, convenient, and scalable synthetic method for enantiomerically pure beta-substituted gamma-butyrolactones, with either configuration, via nucleophilic cyclopropane ring opening of (1S,5R)- or (1R,5S)-bicyclic lactone followed by decarbethoxylation. The utility of our method was demonstrated by streamlined synthesis of pregabalin ((S)-3-isobutyl-gamma-aminobutyric acid), an anticonvulsant drug for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain.
Detection of Contaminants on Electronic Microcircuit Substrates by Laser Spark Emission Spectroscopy (1992)

Laser spark emission spectroscopy is used to determine the elemental composition of contaminants found on electronic microcircuits fabricated on alumina substrates. This technique is particularly useful for rapid analyses of dielectric surfaces, and spatially resolved data with some degree of depth profiling information are obtained. Two specific examples are given which illustrate the utility of the method in pinpointing production problems.
Crosstalk and mode coupling between cores of image fibres (1989)

The phenomenon of crosstalk between the cores of image fibres is studied experimentally. Illuminating a core of the image fibre, the crosstalk power appearing on the unilluminated cores is measured. A two-mode coupling theory is presented to describe the crosstalk.