gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beam Phase Detection for Proton Therapy Accelerators (2006)

The industrial application of proton cyclotrons has become one of the important contributions of accelerator physics to medical therapy during the last years. Beam phase, energy, and intensity of the accelerated proton bunches can be detected by non-intercepting capacitive cylindrical probes. For the read out of the detected pulsed signals an advanced phase detection system using vector demodulating technique was developed. It has a very large dynamic range allow measurements over a beam current range of up to three orders of magnitude. In order to avoid interference from the fundamental cyclotron frequency of 72 MHz, the phase detection is performed at the second harmonic frequency. A phase detection range of 180° was achieved at the fundamental frequency. To improve accuracy a digital low pass filter with adjustable bandwidth and steepness is implemented. With an estimated sensitivity of the capacitive pickup in the beam line of 30 nV per nA proton beam at 250 MeV, accurate phase and intensity measurements are expected to be possible down to beam currents of 3.3 nA. First measurements at the cyclotrons will show how far the resolution will be limited to higher values by RF disturbance at the fundamental frequency.
Spectroscopic characterization of ion and electron populations in a solution-cathode glow discharge (2006)

The ion and electron populations of a glow discharge that uses an electrolytic solution as the cathode (an electrolyte-cathode discharge or ELCAD) were investigated. This paper presents the first determinations of electron number density, ionization temperature, and degrees of ionization in the ELCAD. Spectroscopic techniques were used to keep from perturbing the plasma, a range of conditions was explored, and two regions (the negative glow and the positive column) were observed. By using the Stark broadening of the hydrogen beta line, electron number densities near 8.5 × 1014 cm−3 for the negative glow and 2.5 × 1014 cm−3 for the positive column were found. From those results and measurements of the relative strengths of Mg neutral and ionic lines, ionization temperatures of 5000 K for the negative glow and 4600 K for the positive column were calculated. From these results, the degrees of ionization and norm temperatures were estimated for a variety of elements. Analytical implications of the study are discussed.
Warm-Mix Asphalt: Best Practices, 3rd Edition (2012)

This is the 3rd edition of this technical publication. It describes the warm mix asphalt state of the practice. Twenty-two warm mix asphalt technology products and processes are now included, up substantially from the eight included in the first edition. Warm mix specifications now exist in forty-seven states. Production issues contained in the volume include improvements in working conditions, performance, and emissions.
The computer-aided design and rapid prototyping fabrication of removable partial denture framework (2009)

This paper investigated the feasibility to design and fabricate a sacrificial pattern for a removable partial denture (RPD) metal alloy framework with computer-aided design (CAD) and rapid prototyping (RP) technologies. A plaster cast of a patient was digitally scanned with an optical scanner and the captured surface data were imported to three-dimensional (3-D) softwares, which were then used to preprocess the data and design each component of RPD framework with reference to the scanned digital model. After boolean operation, the digital model of framework was created and the data were saved as standard triangulation language (STL) format for producing a sacrificial pattern of framework with RP technology. Then the casting mold method was carried out in a chromium-cobalt alloy to manufacture a RPD entity framework according to the pattern. The result has indicated that the fabricated RPD framework was fit to the patient successfully and could be acceptable for clinical presentation.
Tea and its components as powerful antioxidants (1995)

The administration of tea polyphenol (TPP) diet containing 1.0% TPP to rats for 18 months significantly suppressed the increase of TBARS level in the plasma. The levels of total cholesterol (TC) and phospholipids (PL) in the plasma were also lowered. Positive correlations existed between the TBARS and triglyceride (TG), TC or PL levels in the plasma of rats 12 months after the feeding of TPP diet. TPP especially, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG) were much more effective than BHT, vitamin E or C in inhibiting the Cu2+ mediated oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL). EGCG strongly inhibited cholesterol ester oxidation and apolipoprotein B-100 fragmentation of LDL.
Refinement and precision in the classification of murine lymphomas by genotyping with immunoglobulin and T cell receptor probes. (1987)

Of 114 murine leukemia virus induced lymphomas and 12 lymphoid hyperplasias, T cell receptor beta-chain gene and immunoglobulin gene constellation (immunogenotype) was compared with histology and surface marker expression (immunomorphology). In 53 out of 114 lymphomas (45%), definite conclusions concerning cell lineage were possible only after genotyping. Fifteen follicular center cell lymphomas with a clear phenotype (13 tumors with B and 2 tumors with T cell markers) were genotypically classified in agreement with their phenotype. Of another 21 follicular center cell tumors (12 null cell tumors lacking T or B cell-specific antigens and 9 tumors phenotypically composed of mixtures of T and B cells), B cell lineage was determined upon genotyping in 17 cases. All 41 lymphoblastic tumors with a T cell phenotype and 6 out of 7 lymphoblastic tumors with a T cell phenotype and 6 out of 7 lymphoblastic tumors with a B cell phenotype, upon DNA analysis were indeed classified as T and B cell tumors, respectively. Of another 10 lymphoblastic tumors (phenotypically 4 null cell lymphomas, 6 mixtures of T and B cells) genotyping established lineage in 9 cases. Fifteen lymphoblastic neoplasms showing lineage infidelity because of simultaneous expression of a T (Thy-1) and a B cell (B220) marker were clearly of T cell genotype. Only 4 out of 114 lymphomas tested retained both Ig and T cell receptor genes in germline configuration, although 6 lymphomas in these series had both Ig and T cell receptor genes rearranged. Four of twelve lesions histologically classified as hyperplasias nevertheless contained a monoclonal B cell population at the DNA level. Immunogenotypic evaluation of lymphomas allows precise lymphoma lineage determination even in cases where marker analysis falls short, and is clearly superior in detecting mono- or oligoclonality in lymphomas versus polyclonality in benign lesions.
Effect of Hydrocarbon and Amine Diluents on the Properties of Dicumyl Peroxide Cured Styrene-Butadiene Rubber, Part I: Gum Compositions (1995)

Abstract Gum SBR compositions containing dicumyl peroxide and either alkane (nonadecane) or amine (octadecylamine or oleylamine) diluent were prepared. Dilution caused a reduction in rheometer torque upon curing and in the resulting crosslink density based on solvent swelling. Results for each diluent were indistinguishable. However, tensile strengths and especially storage moduli were different for nonadecane- and octadecylamine-diluted vulcanizates. Added octadecylamine mildly reinforced the gum, while nonadecane lowered strength and stiffness. Furthermore, quite strikingly, octadecylamine-diluted samples had a large, low-strain storage modulus, which decreased markedly with strain amplitude (Payne effect), while vulcanizates diluted with nonadecane showed no Payne effect.
Reduction of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> Adherence and Dental Biofilm Formation by Surface Treatment with Phosphorylated Polyethylene Glycol (2007)

Initial attachment of the cariogenic Streptococcus mutans onto dental enamel is largely promoted by the adsorption of specific salivary proteins on enamel surface. Some phosphorylated salivary proteins were found to reduce S. mutans adhesion by competitively inhibiting the adsorption of S. mutans-binding salivary glycoproteins to hydroxyapatite (HA). The aim of this study was to develop antiadherence compounds for preventing dental biofilm development. We synthesized phosphorylated polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives and examined the possibility of surface pretreatment with them for preventing S. mutans adhesion in vitro and dental biofilm formation in vivo. Pretreatment of the HA surface with methacryloyloxydecyl phosphate (MDP)-PEG prior to saliva incubation hydrophilized the surface and thereby reduced salivary protein adsorption and saliva-promoted bacterial attachment to HA. However, when MDP-PEG was added to the saliva-pretreated HA (S-HA) surface, its inhibitory effect on bacterial binding was completely diminished. S. mutans adhesion onto S-HA was successfully reduced by treatment of the surface with pyrophosphate (PP), which desorbs salivary components from S-HA. Treatment of S-HA surfaces with MDP-PEG plus PP completely inhibited saliva-promoted S. mutans adhesion even when followed by additional saliva treatment. Finally, mouthwash with MDP-PEG plus PP prevented de novo biofilm development after thorough teeth cleaning in humans compared to either water or PP alone. We conclude that MDP-PEG plus PP has the potential for use as an antiadherence agent that prevents dental biofilm development.
The Bowel Habit of Milk-Fed Infants (1988)

A prospective study of the bowel habits of 240 infants aged 2-20 weeks was performed. Half of the infants were breast fed and half were fed cow's milk formula (CMF). Breast-fed infants had a higher mean frequency of defaecation than did CMF-fed infants at 2, 4 and 8 weeks (p less than 0.02). By 16 weeks the mean frequency of bowel actions per day of infants of both feeding groups was 2. With increasing age, infants produced fewer stools of greater firmness (p less than 0.05) though the breast fed tended to pass larger, softer stools than did the CMF-fed infants until the introduction of weaning foods (p less than 0.05). Stool colour was uniformly yellow in both feeding groups until the introduction of weaning foods, when it changed to brown. Weaning foods were introduced at an earlier age in the CMF-fed infants (p less than 0.05), though by 20 weeks 93% of all infants had received some. These data define the normal range of the bowel habits of milk-fed infants and may reflect differences in gastrointestinal function between those fed on the breast and with CMF.
EDUCATION AND EQUALITY (1964)

(1964). EDUCATION AND EQUALITY. Equity & Excellence in Education: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 12-13.
Magnetic field activation of protein–DNA binding (1998)

The mechanisms involved in sensing, signaling, and coordinating changes resulting from magnetic field-induced stress show substantial similarities to those of heat shock, e.g., magnetic field-induced heat shock 70 gene (HSP70) expression involves heat shock factor (HSF) activation and heat shock element binding. However, an additional requirement for transactivation of HSP70 expression by magnetic fields is the binding of Myc protein, indicating that additional elements and/or pathways are involved in the induction of HSP70 expression by magnetic fields. To investigate the possible participation of additional genetic elements in magnetic field-induced HSP70 expression, we examined both magnetic field exposure and heat shock on protein-DNA binding of the transcription factors HSF, AP-1, AP-2, and SP-1 in four human cell lines. The binding sites for these transcription factors are present in the HSP70 promoter. AP-1 binding activity, normally not increased by heat shock, was increased by magnetic fields; heat shock induced an increase only in HSF binding. Although intersecting and converging signaling pathways could account for the multiplicity of elements involved in magnetic field-induced HSP70 transcription, direct interaction of magnetic fields with DNA is also a possible mechanism. Because magnetic fields penetrate the cell, they could well react with conducting electrons present in the stacked bases of the DNA.
Reduction of Oxygen Plasma Damage by Postdeposition Helium Plasma Treatment for Carbon-Doped Silicon Oxide Low Dielectric Constant Films (2002)

The low dielectric constant (low carbon doped silicon oxide (CDO) films are obtained by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The impact of oxygen plasma treatment on the properties of low films has been investigated and it is found that plasma treatment damages the CDO film by removing C and part of Si contents in the film. This results in the loss of film thickness and increase in value of the film. Postdeposition He plasma treatment has been confirmed to be effective in reducing the plasma damage on the CDO films significantly. With He plasma pretreatment, the thickness loss after plasma is reduced, and value remains the same as the "as-deposited" CDO film compared to the film without the He plasma pretreatment. Also analysis of film properties by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy indicates that there is no obvious change of the properties of low CDO films after plasma for postdeposition He plasma pretreated films. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
CMOS multi-level signal transmitter for optical communication (2004)

A multi-level signal transmitter for optical communication was designed using the TSMC 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS mix-signal process with up to 10Gbps data throughput. The system consists of a MOS current mode logic (MCML) encoder, a d-flip-flop (DFF), a multi-level generator, and a laser driver. With an input speed of 2.5Gbps and a 1.8V power supply, the eye opening of each level has a height > 7mA and a width > 102ps in the 4-level system, a height > 3mA and a width > 90.14ps in the 8-level system, and a height > 1.5mA and a width > 87ps in the 16-level system with a 10% variance. A new multi-level modulation scheme without employing multiplexing (MUX) in a single channel can be realized on chip with less implementation complexity to improve the spectral efficiency.
Mixing ionic liquids – “simple mixtures” or “double salts”? (2014)

In the third issue of the then new journal Green Chemistry (2001, 3, 156–164), we published our first paper describing the physical properties of a few hydrophilic and hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) representing one of the first such studies to be published. To help celebrate the 15th anniversary of the Journal, we revisit the ‘design’ aspect of ILs by reviewing the growing area of what most are calling ‘ionic liquid mixtures’. In 2001, designing IL properties meant essentially independent variation or synthesis of the cations and anions and determining what physical or chemical properties these liquid salts possessed. Recently, however, the mixing of ILs has been proposed and investigated as a way to add increased scope to the accessible properties of IL media. In this review, we question whether the same thinking and approach used for organic solvent mixtures should be applied to ILs simply because of the way they were made. Unlike organic solvent mixtures, IL compositions of varied ions, do not retain their individual nature, need not be made by simple mixing of two-ion salts, and preferential interactions of a given cation for a given anion are possible in these 3-ion, 4-ion, or higher order liquids. When two ILs are mixed together, one can't identify which ion is from which IL, and the chemistry is simply not based on the identity of the individual ILs, but on the ions comprising them and the interactions of each individual ion, independently of the counterion. Thus, we ask if it would not be better to consider these as unique ion combinations whose solvent properties are derived from the specific choice and abundance of each ion in the system. Through this review of the available literature, we support the concept of Double Salt Ionic Liquids (DSILs) and discuss the interactions involved in these systems, by examining their physicochemical properties and the novel applications they offer.
A Combinatorial Approach to Biophysically Characterise Chemokine-Glycan Binding Affinities for Drug Development (2014)

Chemokine binding to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is recognised to be an important step in inflammation and other pathological disorders like tumor growth and metastasis. Although different ways and strategies to interfere with these interactions are being pursued, no major breakthrough in the development of glycan-targeting drugs has been reported so far. We have engineered CXCL8 towards a dominant-negative form of this chemokine (dnCXCL8) which was shown to be highly active in various inflammatory animal models due to its inability to bind/activate the cognate CXCL8 GPC receptors on neutrophils in combination with its significantly increased GAG-binding affinity [1]. For the development of GAG-targeting chemokine-based biopharmaceuticals, we have established a repertoire of methods which allow the quantification of protein-GAG interactions. Isothermal fluorescence titration (IFT), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and a novel ELISA-like competition assay (ELICO) have been used to determine Kd and IC50 values for CXCL8 and dnCXCL8 interacting with heparin and heparan sulfate (HS), the proto-typical members of the GAG family. Although the different methods gave different absolute affinities for the four protein-ligand pairs, the relative increase in GAG-binding affinity of dnCXCL8 compared to the wild type chemokine was found by all methods. In combination, these biophysical methods allow to discriminate between unspecific and specific protein-GAG interactions.
Analysis of Physical Characteristics of Sound Environment and the Subjective Reactions in Hanok Complexes (2014)

Demands for Korean Traditional Residence Complexes as a more humane resident space have recently been increasing for the purposes of users' health and convenience, built with the purpose of reflecting various trends. This study is aimed at examining the physical characteristics of design in residence complexes by analyzing the physical characteristics of the sound environment as auditory elements of Hanok Complexes and the relationship between spatial and visual test values. The results were shown as follows: In subjective evaluation at Hanok, Natural sounds were recognized higher but artificial sounds were lower. According to the interrelationship analysis between subjective evaluation and physical measurement values, entrance (regular-StdDev), yard (regular-NbEm, friendly-G), waterside (regular-articulation index(rooms), StdDev, <TEX>$L_{min}$</TEX>, Rem), etc had been shown highly related.
Synthesis of Highly Phenylated Poly(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylenes) via a Chlorine Precursor Route (1998)

The synthesis of several highly phenylated poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) derivatives by a chlorine precursor route was investigated in order to understand its scope. Three 1,4-bis(chloromethyl)benzene monomers were prepared via a robust and versatile synthetic procedure involving the Diels−Alder reaction. In the presence of 1.1 equiv of potassium tert-butoxide, the monomers underwent 1,6-dehydrochlorination to form the respective xylylenes which underwent 1,6-polymerization to give the corresponding chlorine precursor polymers. The 1,6-polymerization mechanism of the highly phenylated monomers is discussed. Only one monomer gave a soluble precursor polymer while the other two gave insoluble precursor polymers. The soluble precursor polymer was deposited as thin films and then converted to the corresponding PPV derivative, which showed green photoluminesence and electroluminesence.
Pyrophosphorylases in <i>Solanum tuberosum</i> (1981)

Pyrophosphorylytic kinetic constants (S(0.5), V(max)) of partially purified UDP-glucose- and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylases from potato tubers were determined in the presence of various intermediary metabolites. The S(0.5) of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase for UDP-glucose (0.17 millimolar) or pyrophosphate (0.30 millimolar) and the V(max) were not influenced by high concentrations (2 millimolar) of these substances. The most efficient activator of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was 3-P-glycerate (A(0.5) = 4.5 x 10(-6) molar). The S(0.5) for ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate was increased 3.5-fold (0.83 to 0.24 millimolar) and 1.8-fold (0.18 to 0.10 millimolar), respectively, with 0.1 millimolar 3-P-glycerate while the V(max) was increased nearly 4-fold. The magnitude of 3-P-glycerate stimulation was dependent upon the integrity of key sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and pH. Oxidation or blockage of -SH groups resulted in a marked reduction of enzyme activity. Stimulations of 3.1-, 2.9-, 4.8-, and 9.5-fold were observed at pH 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 9.0, respectively, in the presence of 3-P-glycerate (2 millimolar). The most potent inhibitor of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase was orthophosphate (I(0.5) = 8.8 x 10(-5). molar). This inhibition was reversed with 3-P-glycerate (1.2 x 10(-4) molar), resulting in an increased I(0.5) value of 1.5 x 10(-3) molar. Likewise, orthophosphate (7.5 x 10(-4) molar) caused a decrease in the activation efficiency of 3-P-glycerate (A(0.5) from 4.5 x 10(-6) molar to 6.7 x 10(-5) molar). The significance of 3-P-glycerate activation and orthophosphate inhibition in the regulation of alpha-glucan biosynthesis in Solanum tuberosum is discussed.
Differentiation of U-937 histiocytic lymphoma cells towards mature neutrophilic granulocytes by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate. (1990)

Treatment of U-937 cells with the cyclic nucleotide analog, dibutyryl cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (dBcAMP) induced these cells to differentiate towards granulocytes. dBcAMP produced a dose- and time-dependent inhibition of U-937 cell growth reaching a maximum after 48-h treatment with 500 microM. At this concentration, dBcAMP had no effect on cell viability. Treatment with dBcAMP caused a rapid (within 24 h) decrease in the number of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle, with a concomitant increase in cells in the G0/G1 phase. dBcAMP also induced the appearance of f-met-leu-phe receptors on U-937 cells as well as the ability to produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion. These data suggest that dBcAMP-treated U-937 cells were functionally mature. Using specific monoclonal antibodies and flow cytometry, we found that differentiated U-937 cells expressed the monocytic/granulocytic surface markers MY8 and MAC-1, but not the monocyte specific markers MO2 or MY4. In addition, dBcAMP-treated U-937 cells did not stain for nonspecific esterase, displayed less HLA-DR antibody binding than undifferentiated cells and appeared smaller and more granular. These are all characteristics of mature granulocytes. Taken together our studies indicate that differentiation of U-937 cells is not necessarily limited to the monocytic pathway of development.
Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in B Lymphoblastic Leukemia by High-Throughput Sequencing of <i>IGH</i> (2014)

Our results provide strong support for HTS of IGH to enhance clinical prognostication in B-ALL.
PCN: son of cellular? The challenges of providing PCN service (1991)

The engineering and marketing problems posed by personal communications networks (PCNs) are examined. The characteristics common to all PCNs are identified, emphasizing their use of small-coverage cells (microcells). Trials undertaken by the Bell Atlantic telephone companies are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>