gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient MSI Partitioning for a Digital Computer (1970)

An efficient partitioning scheme based on current capability of MOS MSI technology was evolved in which four functional building blocks were defined for implementing computer digital architecture. The partitioning employs a bit slice concept to define registers and a universal logic gate for general two-or three-variable logic. A look-ahead carry for fast arithmetic and a heavily buffered OR gate structure for the control section complete the partitioning elements. Microsequencing for instruction decoding is accomplished with a state graph implemented with register FBB flip-flops.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRACYCLIC PHENOTHIAZINES. IV. SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROAZEPINO(3,2,1‐KL)PHENOTHIAZIN‐4‐ONE (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Li‐phenothiazin (I) erhält man mit Ethylenoxid das Addukt (IIa), das in das Chlorethyl‐ (IIb) und das Mesyloxyethyl‐Derivat (IIc) übergeführt wird.
The Effects of Red and Blue Lights on Circadian Variations in Cortisol, Alpha Amylase, and Melatonin (2010)

The primary purpose of the present study was to expand our understanding of the impact of light exposures on the endocrine and autonomic systems as measured by acute cortisol, alpha amylase, and melatonin responses. We utilized exposures from narrowband long-wavelength (red) and from narrow-band short-wavelength (blue) lights to more precisely understand the role of the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) in these responses. In a within-subjects experimental design, twelve subjects periodically received one-hour corneal exposures of 40 lux from the blue or from the red lights while continuously awake for 27 hours. Results showed-that, as expected, only the blue light reduced nocturnal melatonin. In contrast, both blue and red lights affected cortisol levels and, although less clear, alpha amylase levels as well. The present data bring into question whether the nonvisual pathway mediating nocturnal melatonin suppression is the same as that mediating other responses to light exhibited by the endocrine and the autonomic nervous systems.
Languages for electronic business communication: state of the art (2001)

Electronic commerce (e‐commerce) is the new buzzword for doing business on the Internet. A main problem for business‐to‐business e‐commerce lies in the need for the information systems of the involved organizations to exchange meaningful information. For letting the information systems of business partners accomplish electronic business communication, semantic interoperability is necessary to ensure that exchange of information makes sense – that the provider and receiver of information have a common understanding of the “meaning” of the requested services and data. Traditional EDI is not sufficient to solve electronic business communication problems in an open and dynamic environment. Summarizes the development from traditional EDI towards new advanced electronic business communication approaches offering agent‐based e‐commerce marketplaces in which the meaning of business messages is managed by means of shared repositories for formally specifying the semantics of business messages. Within this framework, XML is the practical foundation for structuring the information to be interchanged.
Highly Diastereoselective Formation of Spirocyclic Compounds via 1,5-Hydrogen Transfer:  A Total Synthesis of (−)-Erythrodiene (2005)

[reaction: see text] A highly stereoselective synthesis of (-)-erythrodiene starting from 4-isopropylcyclohexanone is described. The key reactions are an asymmetric methoxycarbonylation of the starting ketone and a highly diastereoselective radical cascade involving addition of a phenylthiyl radical to a terminal alkyne followed by a 1,5-hydrogen transfer and a 5-exo-cyclization.
Synthesis of methyl dl-jasmonate (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of methyl dl-jasmonateKeiiti Sisido, Seizi Kurozumi, and Kiitiro UtimotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 9, 2661–2664Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01261a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01261a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views493Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Opioid-Induced Constipation: Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities (2011)

There has been an alarming increase in the prescription of opiates and opioids for chronic non-cancer pain in the past 15 years. It is estimated that opiate-induced constipation (OIC) is experienced by ~40% of these patients, and that constipation and other gastrointestinal symptoms may dissuade patients from using the required analgesic dose to achieve effective pain relief. Opiates have several effects on gastrointestinal functions, and the inhibition of colonic transit and intestinal and colonic secretion results in constipation. Several different pharmacological approaches are being developed to prevent or treat OIC: prolonged release formulations that contain naloxone (a less specific opiate antagonist that is widely distributed) and a new class of peripherally restricted μ-opiate receptor antagonists, including methylnaltrexone, alvimopan, tapentadol, NKTR-118, and TD-1211. Novel patient response outcomes have been developed to facilitate demonstration of efficacy and safety of drugs in development for OIC.
Electrochemical-Mechanical Analysis of Printed Silver Electrodes in a Microfluidic Device (2010)

Nanoparticulate printed silver is a core material to flexible, printed circuits. Some commercial silvers are of a sufficient purity that one may consider their use in electrochemical power sources and sensors. We establish an iterative rapid prototyping and measuring method, printing electrodes, annealing them under temperature conditions from , and cycling them in a microfluidic cell such that the electrolyte becomes the shearing medium. Electrode strength is quantified by the breakage due to generation of gas-phase oxygen at the electrode. This oxygen generation assisted breaking is found to be a function of the amount of oxygen generation only, independent of current density and electrolyte flow rate. Silver cured at for had highest strength and required an average of at electrode rupture; curing at for required only for failure. Silver strength is quantified as an oxidant storage medium in the forms and AgO and as a printed reference electrode. Ag and AgO have higher shear strength compared to . Thus, shear strength of silver oxide electrodes at potentials of against a printed silver reference depends on the oxidation state.
HB-GAM/pleiotrophin: localization of mRNA and protein in the chicken developing leg (1998)

The heparin-binding growth-associated molecule HB-GAM (also named pleiotrophin) is a developmentally-regulated protein that belongs to a new family of heparin-binding molecules with putative functions during cell growth and differentiation. In order to study the localization of HB-GAM during chicken embryogenesis, we produced specific monoclonal antibodies to this factor. HB-GAM protein is first observed at stage 23 in the developing nervous system and later in the forming cartilage. We present an investigation of the HB-GAM mRNA expression and HB-GAM protein distribution in the developing leg by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemical studies. We focused our attention on the development of the tibia, where the HB-GAM protein appears at stage 27-28, i.e., just after the condensation of the mesodermal precursor cells of the chondrocytes. The protein then progressively accumulates in the central part of the embryonic cartilage (diaphysis). It persists until stage 42-44 in the regions where hypertrophic cartilage is being replaced by bone marrow. In contrast to the protein, the transcript is first detected at stage 26-27 and later expressed essentially in the epiphysis until stage 37. Therefore the localization of the mRNA does not parallel that of the protein and our data suggest a long half-life of the protein in the hypertrophic cartilage. In addition, the layer of stacked cells surrounding the cartilage core (usually considered as the osteoprogenitor cells) clearly expresses the HB-GAM message between stages 30-37 whereas differentiated osteoblasts do not. Furthermore, the distribution of HB-GAM protein in the osteoblast/osteoid layer suggests an involvement of this protein in early steps of osteogenesis. HB-GAM is absent from the newly formed bone.
The BEAF-32 insulator coordinates genome organization and function during the evolution of <i>Drosophila</i> species (2012)

Understanding the relationship between genome organization and expression is central to understanding genome function. Closely apposed genes in a head-to-head orientation share the same upstream region and are likely to be coregulated. Here we identify the Drosophila BEAF-32 insulator as a cis regulatory element separating close head-to-head genes with different transcription regulation modes. We then compare the binding landscapes of the BEAF-32 insulator protein in four different Drosophila genomes and highlight the evolutionarily conserved presence of this protein between close adjacent genes. We find that changes in binding of BEAF-32 to sites in the genome of different Drosophila species correlate with alterations in genome organization caused by DNA rearrangements or genome size expansion. The cross-talk between BEAF-32 genomic distribution and genome organization contributes to new gene-expression profiles, which in turn translate into specific and distinct phenotypes. The results suggest a mechanism for the establishment of differences in transcription patterns during evolution.
Laboratory Studies on the Biology of the Forniosan Subterranean Termite1 with Primary Emphasis on Young Colony Development2 (1974)

Colonies of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were initiated from paired, virgin, 1st-form reproductives. Four oviposition periods were recorded during the 2.5 years of this study. Four larval stages occurred in colonies killed at the beginning of the 2nd oviposition period. Soldiers were of 2 sizes, smaller 4th stage individuals produced during the 1st oviposition period and larger 5th stage individuals from the 2nd oviposition period. Colonies consisted of ca. 10% soldiers. First-form reproductives decreased in size during the 1st oviposition period. Thereafter, females increased in size and males regained their original size.

Rate of development and number of eggs deposited increased with increased temperature. However, colony survival was greater at 26°C than at 32°C. Pairing occurred at 16, 21.5, 26, and 32°C. Oviposition occurred in colonies maintained at 21.5°C, but not in colonies held at 16°C. Eggs hatched at 26 and 32°C but not at 21.5°C. The threshold temperature for embryonic development was lower than that for hatching.

Pairing occurred between and within sexes. No embryonic development occurred in eggs laid by virgin females. Paired females behaved differently than single females.
Non-invasive peripheral nerve stimulation selectively enhances speech category learning in adults (2020)

Adults struggle to learn non-native speech contrasts even after years of exposure. While laboratory-based training approaches yield learning, the optimal training conditions for maximizing speech learning in adulthood are currently unknown. Vagus nerve stimulation has been shown to prime adult sensory-perceptual systems towards plasticity in animal models. Precise temporal pairing with auditory stimuli can enhance auditory cortical representations with a high degree of specificity. Here, we examined whether sub-perceptual threshold transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS), paired with non-native speech sounds, enhances speech category learning in adults. Twenty-four native English-speakers were trained to identify non-native Mandarin tone categories. Across two groups, tVNS was paired with the tone categories that were easier- or harder-to-learn. A control group received no stimulation but followed an identical thresholding procedure as the intervention groups. We found that tVNS robustly enhanced speech category learning and retention of correct stimulus-response associations, but only when stimulation was paired with the easier-to-learn categories. This effect emerged rapidly, generalized to new exemplars, and was qualitatively different from the normal individual variability observed in hundreds of learners who have performed in the same task without stimulation. Electroencephalography recorded before and after training indicated no evidence of tVNS-induced changes in the sensory representation of auditory stimuli. These results suggest that paired-tVNS induces a temporally precise neuromodulatory signal that selectively enhances the perception and memory consolidation of perceptually salient categories.
Optimizing Costly Functions with Simple Constraints: A Limited-Memory Projected Quasi-Newton Algorithm (2009)

An optimization algorithm for minimizing a smooth function over a convex set is de-scribed. Each iteration of the method com-putes a descent direction by minimizing, over the original constraints, a diagonal plus low-rank quadratic approximation to the function. The quadratic approximation is constructed using a limited-memory quasi-Newton update. The method is suitable for large-scale prob-lems where evaluation of the function is sub-stantially more expensive than projection onto the constraint set. Numerical experiments on one-norm regularized test problems indi-cate that the proposed method is competitive with state-of-the-art methods such as bound-constrained L-BFGS and orthant-wise descent. We further show that the method generalizes to a wide class of problems, and substantially improves on state-of-the-art methods for prob-lems such as learning the structure of Gaus-sian graphical models and Markov random fields. 1
Presence of autoantibodies against complement regulatory proteins in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. (2000)

Complement was proposed to play an important role in the onset of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) lesions by inducing physical damage to myelin-producing cells. Every somatic cell is however endowed with a repertoire of membrane-bound molecules which normally down-regulate the complement activation cascade (Regulators of Complement Activation, RCA) and therefore protect cells from complement-dependent lysis. We show here that antibodies against two complement regulatory molecules expressed in the membrane of human cells (CD46 and CD59) are present in sera from relapsing-remitting MS patients in the acute phase, that they are directed against the active site of the RCA molecules and that they inactivate their regulatory function, thus providing a mechanism by which cells of the nervous system might be damaged in a complement-dependent fashion during the acute MS phase. Moreover, we found that most of these sera also contain antibodies reacting with an epitope of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV which is conserved in most retroviruses; this may support the hypothesis that self-reacting antibodies might have arisen in these patients as an immune response after retroviral infection or expression of endogenous retroviral proteins.
CORROSION INHIBITORS AS PRESERVATIVES FOR METALWORKING FLUIDS - ETHANOLAMINES (1979)

Fifty-nine monoethanolamines, diethanolamines and triethanolamines were studied for their antimicrobial properties in 13 cutting fluid products. It was found that 2-(N-amyl) ethanolamine exhibited outstanding activity in all of the products. Other compounds producing significant inhibition of microbial growth included N-methyl ethanolamine, N-ethyl ethanolamine, N-butyl ethanolamine, 2(N-methyl-N-heptyl) ethanolamine, 2-cyclo-hexyl ethanolamine, and N-benzyl ethanolamine.
A New Open Metal-Organic Framework [Zn8(GeO4)(C8H4O4)6]<i>n</i>, Constructed by Heterometallic Cluster Zn8(GeO4) Secondary Building Units (2003)

Abstract A new interpenetrating three dimensional open metal–organic framework [Zn8(GeO4)(C8H4O4)6]n, constructed by Zn8(GeO4) secondary building units is reported. It is a rare example of metal–organic frameworks based on the heterometallic cluster secondary building units. Thermogravimetric analysis shows that it is thermally stable up to 320 °C.
A Compiler-Based Approach for Dynamically Managing Scratch-Pad Memories in Embedded Systems (2004)

Optimizations aimed at improving the efficiency of on-chip memories in embedded systems are extremely important. Using a suitable combination of program transformations and memory design space exploration aimed at enhancing data locality enables significant reductions in effective memory access latencies. While numerous compiler optimizations have been proposed to improve cache performance, there are relatively few techniques that focus on software-managed on-chip memories. It is well-known that software-managed memories are important in real-time embedded environments with hard deadlines as they allow one to accurately predict the amount of time a given code segment will take. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a compiler-controlled dynamic on-chip scratch-pad memory (SPM) management framework. Our framework includes an optimization suite that uses loop and data transformations, an on-chip memory partitioning step, and a code-rewriting phase that collectively transform an input code automatically to take advantage of the on-chip SPM. Compared with previous work, the proposed scheme is dynamic, and allows the contents of the SPM to change during the course of execution, depending on the changes in the data access pattern. Experimental results from our implementation using a source-to-source translator and a generic cost model indicate significant reductions in data transfer activity between the SPM and off-chip memory.
Incidence and Impact of Light Chain Associated (AL) Amyloidosis on the Prognosis of Patients with Multiple Myeloma Treated with Autologous Transplantation (1997)

Little is known about the incidence of clinically occult AL amyloid in patients with multiple myeloma and its impact on prognosis of these patients. To address these issues, subcutaneous fat pad aspirates (SAFA) and bone marrow biopsies were evaluated for the presence of amyloid in a cohort of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma prior to enrollment on a phase II study including tandem transplants. Organ directed biopsies were performed when clinically indicated. Presence of amyloid at > 1 site was noted in 32 patients (38%.). SAFA was positive in 25 (31%), bone marrow in 8 patients (10%) and other organ sites in 7 patients. Patients with and without amyloid did not differ in disease characteristics, in particular no λ predominance was observed in patients with amyloid. Event free survival (59+ vs 52 months; p =. 9) and overall survival (59+ vs 66+ months; p =. 9) were similar in both groups. Even the seven patients with symptomatic organ involvement with AL amyloid had a median overall survival of 38+ months. In conclusion, AL amyloidosis occurs more often than previously reported, but its presence does not influence the outcome of these patients after transplantation.
Suppression by neuropeptide Y of capsaicin‐sensitive sensory nerve‐mediated contraction in guinea‐pig airways (1990)

1. In the present study we have examined whether neuropeptide Y (NPY) interferes with non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve-mediated contractions and relaxations in the guinea-pig airways. In these experiments we have used ring preparations of bronchi and trachea, incubated in the presence of atropine, propranolol and indomethacin (each 1 microM). 2. The contractile response to electrical stimulation of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic nerve fibres was suppressed by NPY and NPY 13-36 in a concentration-dependent manner, these agents having similar inhibitory potencies. NPY caused a more complete inhibition than the C terminal fragment. 3. NPY affected neither the basal tension nor the substance P-evoked contraction in the bronchi and trachea and did not interfere with nerve-mediated, non-adrenergic relaxation in the trachea. 4. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that NPY may act on the terminals of sensory neurones in the airways to prevent antidromic, excitatory neurotransmission by inhibiting transmitter release.
GEOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF STATES IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL QUANTUM GRAVITY (1990)

We report first results of a large-scale simulation of two-dimensional quantum gravity using the dynamical triangulation model for systems of up to sixteen thousand triangles. Our results for the internal geometry show an unexpectedly complicated behavior of the internal volume as function of the internal radius. A simple fractal characterization is inadequate to describe the geometry of the states in the system.
Peptidyl Linkers for Protein Heterodimerization Catalyzed by Microbial Transglutaminase (2004)

Specific peptidyl linkers that result in the heterodimerization of functional proteins, which is catalyzed by microbial transglutaminase from Streptomyces mobaraensis (MTG), were generated based on a ribonuclease S-peptide using site-directed mutagenesis. The peptidyl linkers designated as Lys-tag and Gln-tag were designed to possess sole reactive Lys or Gln residue that was amenable for selective Lys-Gln cross-linkage of different proteins. Green fluorescent protein variants, ECFP and EYFP, were employed as model proteins, and those Lys- and Gln-tags were fused to the N-termini of ECFP and EYFP, respectively. As a result, we succeeded in solely obtaining the ECFP-EYFP heterodimer without forming multiply cross-linked byproducts. It was found that the reactivity of peptidyl linkers varied according to the type of amino acid to be replaced. Peptidyl linkers with a basic amino acid (Arg) exhibited the highest reactivity in the cross-linking reaction, suggesting the cationic residue substrate preference of MTG. Kinetic analysis utilizing fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET), that is only observed upon the heterodimeric ECFP-EYFP conjugation, revealed that the amino acid replacement contributed to the acceleration of cross-linking reactions by increasing catalytic turnover (k(cat)), rather than substrate binding affinity (K(m)). Finally, using a ribonuclease S-protein, the manipulation of enzymatic protein cross-linking based on specific S-peptide:S-protein interactions was explored. Since newly designed Lys- and Gln-tags retained binding affinities to the S-protein, the heterodimerization was perfectly restrained by wrapping them with the S-protein. The results suggest the possibility of limited protein conjugation by tuning steric hindrance against the MTG. Tailoring enzymatic posttranslational modifications with either engineering peptidyl substrates or by taking specific peptide-protein interactions into consideration may facilitate the development of a new sequential protein conjugation method for the preparation of multifunctional protein.