gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Band gaps in InN/GaN superlattices: Nonpolar and polar growth directions (2013)

The electronic structures of nonpolar short-period InN/GaN superlattices (SLs) grown in the wurtzite a- and m-directions have been calculated and compared to previous calculations for polar superlattices (grown in the c-direction). The variation of the band gaps with the composition (m, n) of the mInN/nGaN unit cells of the superlattices was examined. The band structures were obtained by self-consistent calculations based on the local density approximation to the density functional theory using the Linear-Muffin-Tin-Orbital method with a semi-empirical correction for the band gaps. The calculated band gaps and their pressure coefficients for nonpolar superlattices are similar to those calculated for bulk InGaN alloys with an equivalent In/Ga concentration ratio. This is very different from what has been found in polar superlattices where the band gaps are much smaller and vanish when the number m of InN layers in the unit cell exceeds three. A strong internal electric field is responsible for this behavior of polar structures. Experimental photoluminescence data for polar SLs agree very well with gaps calculated for the nonpolar structures. It is suggested that this is caused by screening of the electric field in the polar structures by carriers originating from unintentional defects.
Role of endogenous nitric oxide in septic shock. (1993)

Nitric oxide synthesized by a constitutive enzyme is a widespread mediator of cell-cell and intracellular communication. This mediator provides a continuous vasodilator influence in the cardiovascular system, modifies the function of circulating cells, and acts as a neurotransmitter. After exposure to bacterial endotoxin or certain cytokines, expression of a second, inducible nitric oxide synthase occurs in a wide variety of tissues. This enzyme produces large amounts of nitric oxide for long periods and has been implicated in pathophysiologic changes seen in sepsis. In some cells, including macrophages, the nitric oxide synthesized by the inducible enzyme is toxic and appears to be an important mediator in host defense. Studies in animals and in vitro have demonstrated that nitric oxide released from inducible nitric oxide synthase in other tissues may cause profound vasodilation, damage to host cells, and cardiac dysfunction. The hypotension of endotoxin- or cytokine-induced shock can be reversed by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase and these agents may provide a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of severe septic shock. Preliminary studies in humans suggest that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase improves BP and stabilizes hemodynamics; effects on mortality rates remain to be determined.
Real Time Rotatable Waveguide Twist Using Contactless Stacked Air-Gapped Waveguides (2017)

A novel real-time rotatable rectangular waveguide twist is presented in this letter. The proposed waveguide twist is based on the contactless waveguide flange technique. The electromagnetic wave is confined inside the rectangular waveguide if the air gap between the two flanges does not exceed the maximum allowed distance. Therefore, relative rotation between the contactless flanges is allowed. Seven rectangular waveguide plates with smooth surface on one side of it but bed of nails on the other side are manufactured. They are stacked together layer by layer and are placed into a hollow circular housing. Two adjacent plates have a maximum twist angle of 15°. Therefore, the proposed stacked twist can realize any twist angle between 90°. A Ka-band prototype is designed, manufactured, and tested. The measured return loss is better than 15 dB, while the insertion loss is better than 0.3 dB over the whole Ka-band.
The Rental Epidemic of The Twenty-First Century: A Look at How Netflix and Redbox Are Damaging The Hollywood Film Industry and How To Stop It (2010)

The Hollywood film industry is struggling. The once reliably steady stream of revenue from DVD sales is vanishing. Since DVD sales are plummeting, film studios are producing fewer movies. Meanwhile, the rental industry is profiting like never before. In many cases, the rental companies are only required to pay the film studios the modest purchase price for the DVD. And, since many rental companies do not have revenue-sharing agreements with the studios, they are able to fully exploit and profit from other people's work, without giving them just compensation. Europe has recognized this problem and has passed a directive that allows copyright owners to prevent rental companies from renting out their films without their consent. This Comment argues that Congress needs to create an exception to the First Sale Doctrine that justly compensates copyright owners without going as far as the rental policy in Europe. This Comment further argues that such an exception would help a struggling industry, and promote the progress of the useful arts, as mandated by the U.S. Constitution.
System for Searching Relationship among Physical Properties for Materials Curation<sup>TM</sup> (2018)

In the field of material science the size of measured or calculated data is rather limited compared to the variety of materials, causing difficulty in material search with big-data type machine learning techniques. The present search system is designed to help material search by relating various material properties, enabling utilizing data from higher perspective viewpoint. Among properties in different categories such as thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, relationship is extracted mainly from scientific principles. The relationships are made into a database and can be searched using algorithms in graph theory. In this paper, the framework, brief description of the relationship database, the graph expression of the relationships, and a relationship search using graph theory of the developed prototype system are presented. Examples are given to demonstrate the usefulness of the search system on material search.
Harold Locke Hazen, 1901-1980 (1981)

Harold L. Hazen, Dean Emeritus of the Graduate School at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who died in Belmont, Massachusetts, on February 21, 1980, was one of this country's early pioneers in the field of machine computation and automatic control.
L-probe proxity-fed annular ring microstrip antennas (2002)

A broadband single-layer annular ring microstrip antenna fed by an L-shaped probe is studied. It achieves, for the TM/sub 11/ mode, an impedance bandwidth of about 24% (SWR/spl les/2), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 33%, and a maximum gain of 7.5 dBi. For the TM/sub 12/ mode, an impedance bandwidth of about 27% (SWR/spl les/2), a 3-dB gain bandwidth of 15.5% and a peak gain of 10.3 dBi are obtained. A foam substrate of thickness /spl sim/0.1/spl lambda//sub 0/ is used as the supporting substrate. The far field radiation patterns are stable across the passband.
Salt and water retention and calcium blockade in uremia. (1990)

Blood pressure, echocardiography, and aortic and peripheral arterial pulse-wave velocity were studied in 40 hypertensive patients on long-term hemodialysis during a 24-week administration of nitrendipine (1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-4-[m-nitrophenyl]-3,5-pyridine-dicarboxylic acid ethyl methylester) monotherapy. In a double-blind placebo-randomized study, nitredipine effectively lowered the blood pressure (p less than 0.001) before hemodialysis without causing postdialysis hypotension. The antihypertensive effect of nitrendipine was greater in patients with significant salt and water retention, as indicated by interdialytic body weight gain (delta BW), that is, a significant correlation was observed between delta BW and the decrease in blood pressure (r = 0.72; p less than 0.001). The antihypertensive effect was not related to age, pretreatment plasma renin activity, or serum-ionized calcium concentration. After nitrendipine, a time-related decrease in aortic (p less than 0.005) and femoral (p less than 0.05) pulse-wave velocity was observed with a significant time-treatment interaction (p less than 0.01). Nitrendipine treatment did not influence left ventricular mass (which was positively correlated with delta BW; p less than 0.01) but was associated with an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction. The increase in ejection fraction was correlated with changes in aortic pulse-wave velocity (r = 0.548; p less than 0.02) but not with changes in blood pressure (r = 0.352; p = 0.19) or delta BW.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Regulation of hematopoiesis-IV: The role of interleukin-3 and bryostatin 1 in the growth of erythropoietic progenitors from normal and anemic W/Wv mice (1988)

We and others have established a role for T lymphocytes and their products in the regulation of erythropoiesis. Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is a multipotential lymphokine with burst-promoting activity that is produced by activated T lymphocytes. In the anemic, stem cell-defective W/Wv mouse we have described the absence of a functionally active thymocyte population that in normal animals enhances erythroid progenitor growth and stem cell self-renewal. In studies reported here we find that W/Wv mouse marrow responds to exogenous IL-3 by increased erythroid progenitor cell growth. The BFU-E and CFU-E from anemic donors are more sensitive to IL-3 than are those in +/+ marrow. We have recently observed a stimulatory effect of bryostatin 1 (a macrocyclic lactone derived from a marine invertebrate) on normal erythropoiesis in human bone marrow progenitor assays. To test the effects of this molecule on murine normal and anemic W/Wv cells we grew these cells in the presence of increasing doses of bryostatin 1. Bryostatin mimics the stimulatory action of IL-3 on W/Wv bone marrow. Polyclonal antibody directed against murine IL-3 blocks the stimulatory effect of bryostatin on erythropoiesis. Otherwise inactive thymocytes from W/Wv mice in coculture with W/Wv bone marrow showed stimulation of erythropoiesis in the presence of bryostatin. We believe that bryostatin may in part act by stimulating T lymphocytes to release physiologic concentrations of lymphokines.
Hand Gesture Extraction by Active Shape Models (2005)

The paper applied active statistical model for hand gesture extraction and recognition. After the hand contours are found out by a real-time segmenting and tracking system, a set of feature points (Landmarks) are marked out automatically and manually along the contour. A set of feature vectors will be normalized and aligned and then trained by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). Mean shape, eigen-values and eigenvectors are computed out and composed of active shape model. When the model parameter is adjusted continually, various shape contours are generated to match the hand edges extracted from the original images. The gesture is finally recognized after well matching.
Yip1A regulates the COPI-independent retrograde transport from the Golgi complex to the ER (2009)

Yip1A, a mammalian homologue of yeast Yip1p, is a multi-spanning membrane protein that is considered to be involved in transport between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi. However, the precise role of Yip1A in mammalian cells remains unclear. We show here that endogenous Yip1A is localized to the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC). Knockdown of Yip1A by RNAi did not induce morphological changes in the Golgi, ER, or ERGIC. By analyzing a number of intracellular transport pathways, we found that Yip1A knockdown delayed the transport of Shiga toxin from the Golgi to the ER, but did not affect the anterograde transport of VSVGts045. We also found that a recombinant protein that corresponded to the N-terminal domain of Yip1A inhibited the COPI-independent retrograde transport of GFP-tagged galactosyltransferase, GT-GFP, but not the COPI-dependent retrograde transport of p58/ERGIC53. Furthermore, we found that Yip1A knockdown resulted in the dissociation of Rab6 from the membranes. These results suggested that Yip1A has a role in COPI-independent retrograde transport from the Golgi to the ER and regulates the membrane recruitment of Rab6.
Model-based and data-driven prognosis of automotive and electronic systems (2009)

Recent advances in sensor technology, remote communication and computational capabilities, and standardized hardware/software interfaces are creating a dramatic shift in the way the health of vehicles is monitored and managed. Concomitantly, there is an increased trend towards the forecasting of system degradation through a prognostic process to fulfill the needs of customers demanding high vehicle availability. Prognosis is viewed as an add-on capability to diagnosis that assesses the current health of a system and predicts its remaining life based on sensed features that capture the gradual degradation in the operation of the vehicle. This paper discusses a hybrid model-based, data-driven and knowledge-based integrated diagnosis and prognosis framework, and applies it to automotive (suspension and battery systems) and on-board electronic systems.
Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics: Volume Five (2001)

From the Publisher:
While this book is principally dedicated to describing the theory of activity as it applies to issues of design and training, this work is also offered to a general audience of psychologists and interested lay readers. This theory studies the goal-directed behavior of man and attempts to integrate the cognitive, motivational, and behavioral aspects of activity into a holistic system. Such fundamental notions as goal, action, and self-regulations are described and analyzed from totally different theoretical points of view. This book is addressed in the first instance to Western psychologists. It compares, among other things, analyses of work from the former Soviet Union with the work from the West. Applications of activity theory to design and learning were paramount in the Soviet Union. Using their own theoretical perspective, the authors provide a comparative analysis of the various schools working in activity theory. They hope that this book may facilitate the exchange of ideas between Russian psychological scientists and Western psychologists working in ergonomics, human factors, industrial/organizational psychology, education, learning, and related areas where the theory of activity may find general application.
Immersion lithography fluids for high NA 193 nm lithography (2005)

Immersion lithography has become attractive since it can reduce critical dimensions by increasing numerical aperture (NA) beyond unity. Among all the candidates for immersion fluids, those with higher refractive indices are desired. However, for many of the fluids, the strong absorption at 193nm becomes a serious problem. Therefore, it is essential to find a fluid that is transparent enough (with absorbance less than 0.5mm<sup>-1</sup>) and has high refractive index (above water, 1.44) at 193nm. Characterization of various fluid candidates has been performed and the absorbance of these fluids has been measured. To measure the absolute refractive index, a prism deviation angle method was developed. This method offers the possibility of measuring fluid refractive indices accurately. This paper also presents the obtained refractive indices of these fluids. Several candidates have been identified for 193nm application with refractive indices near 1.55, which is about 0.1 higher than that of water at this wavelength. Cauchy parameters of these fluids were generated and approaches were investigated to tailor the fluid absorption edges to be close to 193nm. The effects of these fluids on photoresist performance were also examined with 193nm immersion lithography exposure at various NA's. 1.5 NA was obtained to image 32nm lines with phosphoric acid as the immersion medium. These fluids are potential candidates for immersion lithography technology.
Examination of bcl‐2 and p53 expressions and apoptotic index by TUNEL method in psoriasis (2006)

Apoptotic index besides bc1-2 and p53 expressions in psoriasis differ from normal epidermis. Down-regulation of bc1-2 is consistent with the dynamics of psoriasis but increased TUNEL positive cells and p53 expression has not been fully elucidated yet. Gündüz K, Demireli P, Vatansever S, Inanir I. Examination of bcl-2 and p53 expressions and apoptotic index by TUNEL method in psoriasis.
Designing Superhard Materials (2005)

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Incorporation of metal–organic framework UiO-66 into porous polymer monoliths to enhance the liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules (2013)

UiO-66 incorporated monoliths were fabricated to enhance the liquid chromatographic separation of small molecules with high column efficiency and good reproducibility.
Multipass diode-pumped Nd:YAG optical amplifiers at 1.06 /spl mu/m and 1.32 /spl mu/m (1994)

We have built two versions of a diode-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier using a compact multipass confocal geometry with a fiber-coupled input. This confocal geometry provided efficient power and high gain in a volume of approximately 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . When pumped with a commercially mature 2 W 809 nm laser diode, the 1.06 μm version produced 460 mW and a small signal gain of 51 dB. The 1.32 μm version produced 170 mW and a small signal gain of 29 dB. Such an efficient amplifier, especially at 1.32 μm would be useful as a power booster in fiber optic telecommunications.
Equilibrium Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of a Six-Membered Cyclosiloxazane (2007)

The anionic ring-opening polymerization of heptamethyl-1,3-dioxa-5-aza-2,4,6-trisilacyclohexane, initiated with organolithium compounds, has been investigated. With the addition of dimethylformamide (DMF), the polymerization is controlled. Backbiting reactions are limited and give a unique specific cyclic compound in low proportion. Thermodynamic and kinetic studies indicate that such polymerization is equilibrated. The apparent rate constants of propagation and depolymerization along with the thermodynamic parameters (enthalpy and entropy) of the polymerization have been calculated. The active species are ion pairs externally solvated by DMF in equilibrium with unreactive aggregated ion pairs.
An adaptively weighted statistic for detecting differential gene expression when combining multiple transcriptomic studies (2011)

Global expression analyses using microarray technologies are becoming more common in genomic research, therefore, new statistical challenges associated with combining information from multiple studies must be addressed. In this paper we will describe our proposal for an adaptively weighted (AW) statistic to combine multiple genomic studies for detecting differentially expressed genes. We will also present our results from comparisons of our proposed AW statistic to Fisher’s equally weighted (EW), Tippett’s minimum p-value (minP) and Pearson’s (PR) statistics. Due to the absence of a uniformly powerful test, we used a simplified Gaussian scenario to compare the four methods. Our AW statistic consistently produced the best or near-best power for a range of alternative hypotheses. AW-obtained weights also have the additional advantage of filtering discordant biomarkers and providing natural detected gene categories for further biological investigation. Here we will demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed AW statistic based on a mix of power analyses, simulations and applications using data sets for multi-tissue energy metabolism mouse, multi-lab prostate cancer and lung cancer.
The Radioprotective Action of a Number of Cysteamine Derivatives and Related Compounds (1963)

SummaryThe protective action of a number of derivatives of cysteamine and of a series of mustard analogues against the lethal effects of whole-body x-irradiation in mice is reported. The most effective derivatives found were 2-aminopropane thiol-1 and 1-aminopropane thiol-2. The latter compound was found to possess a prophylactic range which is considerably larger than that of any of the other compounds of the cysteamine series, including AET and cysteamine itself. N- and S-substitution of the cysteamine molecule produced a decrease of protective activity.Most of the mustard analogues were highly toxic, and none was found to have more than a slight protective action.
Flavonoids induce temporal shifts in gene‐expression of <i>nod</i>‐box controlled loci in <i>Rhizobium</i> sp. NGR234 (2004)

Rhizobia, soil bacteria of the Rhizobiales, enter the roots of homologous legumes, where they induce the formation of nitrogen-fixing nodules. Signals emanating from both symbiotic partners control nodule development. Efficient nodulation requires precise, temporal regulation of symbiotic genes. Roots continuously release flavonoids that interact with transcriptional activators of the LysR family. NodD proteins, which are members of this family, act both as sensors of the environment and modulate the expression of genes preceded by conserved promoter sequences called nod-boxes. The symbiotic plasmid of the broad host-range Rhizobium sp. NGR234 caries 19 nod-boxes (NB1 to NB19), all of which were cloned upstream of a lacZ-reporter gene. A flavonoid, daidzein was able to induce 18 of the 19 nod-boxes in a NodD1-dependent manner. Interestingly, induction of four nod-boxes (NB6, NB15, NB16 and NB17) is highly dependent on NodD2 and was delayed in comparison with the others. In turn, NodD2 is involved in the repression of the NB8 nodABCIJnolOnoeI operon. Activation of transcription of nodD2 is also dependent on flavonoids despite the absence of a nod-box like sequence in the upstream promoter region. Mutational analysis showed that syrM 2 (another member of the LysR family), which is controlled by NB19, is also necessary for expression of nodD 2. Thus, NodD1, NodD2 and SyrM2 co-modulate a flavonoid-inducible regulatory cascade that coordinates the expression of symbiotic genes with nodule development.
[Nickel release of dental alloys as a function of the pH value of the corrosive solution]. (1991)

Ni-59-65Cr26-23Mo11-9 alloys released distinctly lower quantities of nickel in lactic acid/saline solutions at pH 2.3, 4.2, or 6.5 than type Ni66-85Cr15-13Mo7-0 alloys for a period of 1 day and, subsequently, periods of 3 days over a total period of 33 days. While nickel solubility was similarly high at pH 2.3 and 4.2 (varying between 0.1 microns/cm2 d and 222 microns/cm2 d depending on the type of alloy), a maximum of 2 microns/cm2 d of nickel dissolved from all tested alloys at a pH value of 6.5.
The Presence of Type 12 M-Protein Antigen in Group G Streptococci (1967)

SUMMARY Three strains of group G streptococci isolated from a community in which glomerulonephritis is common were found to have an M-protein antigen indistinguishable from the type 12 M-protein of group A, type 12, streptococci.
Mention and Entity Description Co-Attention for Entity Disambiguation (2018)

For the task of entity disambiguation, mention contexts and entity descriptions both contain various kinds of information content while only a subset of them are helpful for disambiguation. In this paper, we propose a type-aware co-attention model for entity disambiguation, which tries to identify the most discriminative words from mention contexts and most relevant sentences from corresponding entity descriptions simultaneously. To bridge the semantic gap between mention contexts and entity descriptions, we further incorporate entity type information to enhance the co-attention mechanism. Our evaluation shows that the proposed model outperforms the state-of-the-arts on three public datasets. Further analysis also confirms that both the co-attention mechanism and the type-aware mechanism are effective.