gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of testability analysis: from ATPG to critical delay path tracing (1984)

This contribution outlines the applications of a recently proposed analysis algorithm that has been implemented as a controllability/ observability program named COP. Several benchmark modules, some approaching the complexity of VLSI, established that CPU cost grows only linearly with the size of the modules in all of the applications considered to date. These include effective heuristics for automatic test pattern generation (ATPG), assessment of random pattern testability, effective approach to approximate fault simulation. structural partitioning into cones, critical delay path tracing and characterization of the module in terms of a testability signature. In view of the increasing complexity of VLSI, such performance provides strong motivation that the calibration of analysis be enhanced and its role further expanded.
Theory of Transient Permeation Through Reactive Barrier Films I. Steady State Theory for Homogeneous Passive and Reactive Media (2005)

Polymeric barrier materials play an increasingly significant role in modern package engineering. Multilayer and composite structures are designed for rigid and flexible packaging to reduce permeation of undesirable species into and out of food, beverage, pharmaceutical, microelectronic products, and also for automotive applications. Utilizing chemical reaction to bind permeating oxygen, lower its transmission rate through packaging films and reduce oxygen amount present in a package is seemed as an attractive alternative to passive barrier solutions for extending shelf life of oxygen-sensitive products. A novel theory of transient permeation through homogeneous and multilayer reactive polymeric structures is developed in the article. Part I includes analytical solutions for the steady state model of permeation through a reactive film with immobile catalytic scavenger dispersed within the layer. The condition for zero effective transmission rate through homogeneous reactive layer is derived. Part II will introduce transient permeation theory for reactive films with non-catalytic scavenging action. Analysis of transient barrier performance as a function of material transport properties and scavenger reactivity will be presented in Part III.
Ka-Band Front End with Monolithic, Hybrid, and Lumped-Element IC's (1986)

A Ku-band front end has been developed which integrates a low-loss wide-band monolithic mixer, a two-stage hybrid IF amplifier, and a lumped-element Gunn local oscillator (LO). Small size (0.5 cubic in), high performance, and potentially low production cost have been demonstrated through the application of highly compatible IC construction techniques.
Expression of Neurexin, Neuroligin, and Their Cytoplasmic Binding Partners in the Pancreatic β-Cells and the Involvement of Neuroligin in Insulin Secretion (2008)

The composition of the beta-cell exocytic machinery is very similar to that of neuronal synapses, and the developmental pathway of beta-cells and neurons substantially overlap. beta-Cells secrete gamma-aminobutyric acid and express proteins that, in the brain, are specific markers of inhibitory synapses. Recently, neuronal coculture experiments have identified three families of synaptic cell-surface molecules (neurexins, neuroligins, and SynCAM) that drive synapse formation in vitro and that control the differentiation of nascent synapses into either excitatory or inhibitory fully mature nerve terminals. The inhibitory synapse-like character of the beta-cells led us to hypothesize that members of these families of synapse-inducing adhesion molecules would be expressed in beta-cells and that the pattern of expression would resemble that associated with neuronal inhibitory synaptogenesis. Here, we describe beta-cell expression of the neuroligins, neurexins, and SynCAM, and show that neuroligin expression affects insulin secretion in INS-1 beta-cells and rat islet cells. Our findings demonstrate that neuroligins and neurexins are expressed outside the central nervous system and help confer an inhibitory synaptic-like phenotype onto the beta-cell surface. Analogous to their role in synaptic neurotransmission, neurexin-neuroligin interactions may play a role in the formation of the submembrane insulin secretory apparatus.
Optically and thermally detected deep levels in <i>n</i>-type Schottky and p+-n GaN diodes (2000)

N-Schottky and p+–n GaN junctions are currently used for different technologies. A comparison of the deep levels found throughout the entire band gap of n-GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition under both configurations is presented. Both deep level optical spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy measurements are used allowing the observation of both majority and minority carrier traps. Deep levels at Ec−Et=0.58–0.62, 1.35, 2.57–2.64, and 3.22 eV are observed for both diode configurations, with concentrations in the ∼1014–1016 cm−3 range. The 0.58–0.62 eV level appears correlated with residual Mg impurities in the n side of the p+–n diode measured by secondary-ion-mass spectroscopy, while the 1.35 eV level concentration increases by a factor of ∼4 for the Schottky junction possibly correlating with the carbon profile. The 2.57–2.64 eV level is a minority carrier hole trap in n-GaN, likely related to the yellow photoluminescence band, and is detected both optically from the conduction band (2.64 eV) and thermally from the valence band (0.87 eV).
Exocytosis of pinocytosed fluid in cultured cells: kinetic evidence for rapid turnover and compartmentation. (1981)

The uptake and fate of pinocytosed fluid were investigated in monolayers of pulmonary alveolar macrophages and fetal lung fibroblasts using the fluid-phase marker, [14C]sucrose. Initial experiments revealed that cellular accumulation of chromatographically repurified [14C]sucrose was not linear with incubation time. Deviation from linearity was shown to be due to constant exocytosis of accumulating marker. Chromatographic analysis revealed that the cells were unable to metabolize sucrose and were releasing it intact by a process that was temperature-sensitive but not dependent on extracellular calcium and magnesium. A detailed analysis of the kinetics of exocytosis was undertaken by preloading cells with [14C]sucrose for various lengths of time and then monitoring the appearance of radioactivity into isotope-free medium. Results indicated that modeling the process of fluid-phase pinocytosis and subsequent exocytosis required at least two intracellular compartments in series, one compartment being of small size and turning over very rapidly (t1/2 = 5 min in macrophages, 6--8 min in fibroblasts) and the other compartment being apparently larger in size and turning over very slowly (t1/2 = 180 min in macrophages, 430--620 min in fibroblasts). Computer-simulation based on this model confirmed that the kinetics of efflux faithfully reflected the kinetics of influx and that the rate of efflux completely accounted for the deviation from linearity of accumulation kinetics. Moreover, the sizes of the compartments and magnitude of the intercompartment fluxes were such that the majority of fluid internalized in pinocytic vesicles was rapidly returned to the extracellular space via exocytosis. This result provides direct experimental evidence for a process previously thought necessary based solely on morphological and theoretical considerations. Furthermore, the turnover of pinocytosed fluid was so dynamic that accumulation deviated from linearity even within the first few minutes of incubation. We were able to show that the kinetics of exocytosis allowed calculation of the actual pinocytic rate, a rate that was nearly 50% greater than the apparent initial rate obtained from the slope of the uptake curve over the first 10 min.
Spectral transmittance model for stacks of transparencies printed with halftone colors (2011)

The present work investigates the transmission of light through stacks of halftone printed transparencies. We propose a spectral transmittance model describing the multiple reflections of light between the transparencies, whose individual reflectance and transmittance have themselves been obtained by a prediction model. The model for single printed transparency involves the multiple reflections of light between the interfaces as well as the orientation-dependent attenuations of light within the plastic and ink layers. A procedure enables converting the nominal ink surface coverages into effective ones by taking into account the spreading of the inks. Calibration of the model is based on printing a small number of color patches on one transparency and measuring their spectral transmittance. Regarding the stacks of transparencies, an experimental test carried out with inkjet printed samples shows good agreement between predictions and measurements for stacks of two, three and four transparencies. Stochastic halftones are used in order to avoid the apparition of moiré patterns when superposing the halftones. By inversion of the model, we are able to determine the halftone colors to print on each transparency in order to obtain by superposition one targeted color. An original application of this, called "color matching", consists in producing one color of stack from various combinations of colors on the transparencies. The prediction accuracy of the proposed model guarantees the good visual uniformity of the resulting colored area.
Rapid <i>B</i><sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> mapping using a preconditioning RF pulse with TurboFLASH readout (2010)

In MRI, the transmit radiofrequency field (B(1)(+)) inhomogeneity can lead to signal intensity variations and quantitative measurement errors. By independently mapping the local B(1)(+) variation, the radiofrequency-related signal variations can be corrected for. In this study, we present a new fast B(1)(+) mapping method using a slice-selective preconditioning radiofrequency pulse. Immediately after applying a slice-selective preconditioning pulse, a turbo fast low-angle-shot imaging sequence with centric k-space reordering is performed to capture the residual longitudinal magnetization left behind by the slice-selective preconditioning pulse due to B(1)(+) variation. Compared to the reference double-angle method, this method is considerably faster. Specifically, the total scan time for the double-angle method is equal to the product of 2 (number of images), the number of phase-encoding lines, and approximately 5T(1), whereas the slice-selective preconditioning method takes approximately 5T(1). This method was validated in vitro and in vivo with a 3-T whole-body MRI system. The combined brain and pelvis B(1)(+) measurements showed excellent agreement and strong correlation with those by the double-angle method (mean difference = 0.025; upper and lower 95% limits of agreement were -0.07 and 0.12; R = 0.93; P < 0.001). This fast B(1)(+) mapping method can be used for a variety of applications, including body imaging where fast imaging is desirable.
BiCMOS h/sub fe/ degradation: causes and circuit solution (2002)

h/sub fe/ degradation decreases BiCMOS speed and reliability. This paper presents the physical mechanisms of h/sub fe/ degradation, and a new, simple circuit technique that increases BiCMOS reliability and allows BiCMOS technologies to have lower breakdown voltages.
Inhibition of Human Lymphocyte-Mediated Mitogen-Induced Cytotoxicity of Murine L-929 Cells by Heterologous Anti-Human Lymphotoxin Antisera <i>In Vitro</i> (1977)

Heterologous anti-human lymphotoxin (LT) antisera have been employed to investigate the role of LT in mitogen-(Con-A, PHA) induced destruction of murine L-929 cells by human lymphocytes in vitro. These various antisera will effectively neutralize human LT molecules associated with the stable (70 to 90,000 dalton) alpha-LT class of cytotoxin (anti-alpha-LT), the more unstable (35 to 50,000 dalton) beta-LT class of cytotoxins (anti-beta-LT), and antisera which will neutralize all classes of these cytotoxins in vitro, anti-whole supernatant (anti-W.S.). These anti-LT sera will greatly inhibit lysis of L-929 cells by using mitogen-activated human effector lymphocytes in vitro. This blocking was shown to be mediated by whole serum, purified IgG, or IgG-Fab fragments, which had been extensively absorbed with bovine serum, human serum, mitogens, and normal human lymphocytes. Inhibition of lysis was not apparently due to interference with either lymphocyte-target cell contact or lymphocyte activation step(s). The blocking effects of these sera were also shown to occur during the lymphocyte-independent phase of the lytic reaction. These data support the concept that the lymphocyte deposits an LT-like effector molecule on the target-L cell surface during the lymphocyte-dependent phase, which mediates cell lysis at a later time during the lymphocyte-independent phase.
Comparison of Three Different Methods for Measuring Classical Pathway Complement Activity (1999)

The complement system plays an important role in host defense against infection and in most inflammatory processes. The standard 50% hemolytic complement (CH50) assay is the most commonly used method of screening patient sera for functional activity of the classical complement pathway. Our objective in this study was to compare two newer methods (the enzyme immunoassay and the liposome immunoassay) to a commercial CH50 assay for measuring total classical complement activity. We conclude that both newer methods compare well with a CH50 assay and are equally sensitive in screening routine clinical sera.
Representing and classifying arguments on the Semantic Web (2011)

Abstract Until recently, little work has been dedicated to the representation and interchange of informal, semi-structured arguments of the type found in natural language prose and dialogue. To redress this, the research community recently initiated work towards an Argument Interchange Format (AIF). The AIF aims to facilitate the exchange of semi-structured arguments among different argument analysis and argumentation-support tools. In this paper, we present a Description Logic ontology for annotating arguments, based on a new reification of the AIF and founded in Walton's theory of argumentation schemes. We demonstrate how this ontology enables a new kind of automated reasoning over argument structures, which complements classical reasoning about argument acceptability. In particular, Web Ontology Language reasoning enables significantly enhanced querying of arguments through automatic scheme classifications, instance classification, inference of indirect support in chained argument structures, and inference of critical questions. We present the implementation of a pilot Web-based system for authoring and querying argument structures using the proposed ontology.
Electrode Surface Conductance Measurements in an Electrochemical Cell (1974)

A quantitative theory of the electrode surface conductance decrease caused by adsorbed ions is discussed that shows good agreement with the measured results. Conductance measurements are shown to provide a reliable measure of adsorbed ion surface concentration. The sensitivity of conduction measurements to adsorbing ions and surface free electron density changes is discussed. Changes in the adsorbed state are detected as a function of electrode potential. The conductance measurements are used to measure the ionic diffusion rate of I− through an aqueous electrolyte.
Enabling grasping of unknown objects through a synergistic use of edge and surface information (2012)

Grasping unknown objects based on visual input, where no a priori knowledge about the objects is used, is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present an Early Cognitive Vision system that builds a hierarchical representation based on edge and texture information which provides a sparse but powerful description of the scene. Based on this representation, we generate contour-based and surface-based grasps. We test our method in two real-world scenarios, as well as on a vision-based grasping benchmark providing a hybrid scenario using real-world stereo images as input and a simulator for extensive and repetitive evaluation of the grasps. The results show that the proposed method is able to generate successful grasps, and in particular that the contour and surface information are complementary for the task of grasping unknown objects. This allows for dealing with rather complex scenes.
PER and TIM Inhibit the DNA Binding Activity of a <i>Drosophila</i> CLOCK-CYC/dBMAL1 Heterodimer without Disrupting Formation of the Heterodimer: a Basis for Circadian Transcription (1999)

The Drosophila CLOCK (dCLOCK) and CYCLE (CYC) (also referred to as dBMAL1) proteins are members of the basic helix-loop-helix PAS (PER-ARNT-SIM) superfamily of transcription factors and are required for high-level expression of the circadian clock genes period (per) and timeless (tim). Several lines of evidence indicate that PER, TIM, or a PER-TIM heterodimer somehow inhibit the transcriptional activity of a putative dCLOCK-CYC complex, generating a negative-feedback loop that is a core element of the Drosophila circadian oscillator. In this report we show that PER and/or TIM inhibits the binding of a dCLOCK-CYC heterodimer to an E-box-containing DNA fragment that is present in the 5' nontranscribed region of per and acts as a circadian enhancer element. Surprisingly, inhibition of this DNA binding activity by PER, TIM, or both is not accompanied by disruption of the association between dCLOCK and CYC. The results suggest that the interaction of PER, TIM, or both with the dCLOCK-CYC heterodimer induces a conformational change or masks protein regions in the heterodimer, leading to a reduction in DNA binding activity. Together with other findings, our results strongly suggest that daily cycles in the association of PER and TIM with the dCLOCK-CYC complex probably contribute to rhythmic expression of per and tim.
Enhanced mission duration for an underwater vehicle using a PEM fuel cell power source (2002)

A one kilowatt (80 ampere-hour) prototype fuel cell based on proton exchange membrane (PEM) technology is being developed to replace the silver-zinc batteries of a prototype deep-ocean observation vehicle. Initial tests indicate that mission duration capabilities will be doubled and mission turn-around times decreased. The fuel cell stack, reactant storage, support systems, and microprocessor controls have been designed to occupy the same volume as the existing battery system and meet existing weight and thermal specifications. Thus, mechanical and electrical modifications to the vehicle are minimal. A system description of the fuel cell power source along with preliminary bench test results are presented. Design considerations for developing a compact fuel cell system are addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Elevated levels of oxidative DNA damage in patients with coronary artery disease (2002)

These data indicate an overall elevation of oxidative DNA damage in CAD patients correlated with the severity of the disease and some atherogenic risk factors, suggesting a possible role of oxidative genetic damage in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Large-scale author coreference via hierarchical entity representations (2013)

Large-scale author coreference, the problem of ascribing research papers to real-world authors in bibliographic databases, is critical for mining the scientific community. However, traditional pairwise approaches, which measure coreference similarity between pairs of author mentions, scale poorly to large databases; and streaming approaches, which lack the ability to retroactively correct errors, can suffer from chronically low accuracy. In this paper we present a hierarchical model for solving author coreference that overcomes these issues. First, our model enables scalability over rich entity representations by compactly organizing the mentions of each author into trees. Second, we employ Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) inference which is able to retroactively correct existing coreference errors when processing new mentions. We validate these two properties empirically, and demonstrate further scalability through asynchronous parallel MCMC (allowing us to scale to all 150,000,000 author mentions in Web of Science). 1.
Multicast-P2P content distribution in large-scale enterprise networks (2008)

Multicast has been used as a one-to-many approach to deliver information; it is based on the idea that if one package of data should be transmitted to several recipients, the information should be sent by the origin just one time. In this paper, we propose the use of overlay multicast to distribute content and to make distribution more efficient, we combine it with a P2P approach. Our research includes a token-based algorithm to construct multicast trees based on information provided by a tracker and a comparison with current Bit-Torrent implementations. We focus on environments such as large-scale enterprise networks.
An hierarchical approach to grid-based and topological maps integration for autonomous indoor navigation (2002)

Research in mobile robot navigation has been based in approaches that integrate the metric and topological paradigms for mapping indoor environments. While metric methods produce accurate environment representations, their huge data volume and time complexity often prohibits efficient planning in large-scale indoor environments. On the other hand, topological maps can be used in a more efficient way, but accurate and coherent topological maps are often difficult to learn and maintain in large-scale environments. The paper describes an approach that integrates both paradigms: metric and topological. The metric map is learnt using a very simple scheme based on the works of Moravec and Elfes (1988). Then, a topological map is generated on top of the metric map by using a hierarchical structure. The main advantage of the proposed structure is that the partitioning of the metric map into coherent regions is achieved in an unsupervised manner with a low computational time. The paper gives results for autonomous exploration, mapping and planning of a Nomad200 mobile robot in large indoor environments.
Visualization techniques utilizing the sensitivity analysis of models (2007)

Models of real world systems are being increasingly generated from data that describes the behaviour of systems. Data mining techniques, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), generate models almost independently and deliver accurate models in a very short time. These models (sometimes called black box models) have complex internal structures that are difficult to interpret and we have very limited information about the credibility of their output. A model can be trusted just for certain configurations of input variables, but it is hard to determine which output is based on training data and which is random. In this paper, we present visualization techniques for exploration of models. Primary goal is to consider the behavior of the model in the neighborhood of the data vectors. The next goal is to estimate and locate the ranges in input space where the models are credible. We have developed visualization techniques both for regression and classification problems. Finally, we present an algorithm that is able to automatically locate the most interesting visualizations in the vast multidimensional space of input variables.
Knowledge of Evidence‐Based Urinary Catheter Care Practice Recommendations Among Healthcare Workers in Nursing Homes (2010)

Significant discrepancies remain between research-proven recommendations pertaining to urinary catheter care and HCWs' knowledge. Nurses and aides differ in their knowledge of recommendations against harmful practices, such as disconnecting the catheter from the bag and routinely irrigating catheters. Further research should focus on strategies to enhance dissemination of proven infection control practices in NHs.