gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of transitional epithelial cells from the rat urinary bladder. (1977)

A method was developed to isolate transitional cells from the mucous lining of the rat urinary bladder by treatment with ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid and sonication. The isolated cells were examined by phase contrast microscopy, Giemsa staining, and scanning electron microscopy. Two types of isolated cells were distinguished: large ones which were characterized as superficial cells and smaller ones which seemed to be intermediate basal cells.
The isolation and characterization of the MP and FP plaque variants of Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus (1982)

Two plaque morphologies were detected in assays of Galleria mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus preparations which had been serially passaged in the TN-368 cell line. The FP (few polyhedra) plaques were larger (0.7-mm average diameter) and the infected cells contained less than 10 polyhedra each. The MP (many polyhedra) plaques were smaller (0.5-mm average diameter), and the infected cells contained greater than 10 each. Only the FP variant could be purified by plaque picking and remained pure through 10 serial injection passages in last-instar Galleria mellonella larvae, while the MP variant always produced FP plaques after serial passage in cell cultures or by injection of larvae. Bioassays of MP and FP polyhedra demonstrated a 350-fold reduction in virulence for FP polyhedra. Electron micrographs of these polyhedra showed that both variants were MNPV type viruses, although the FP polyhedra were predominantly devoid of nucleocapsids. Electron microscopic observations of MP- and FP-infected cell cultures revealed an apparent deficiency in de novo membrane synthesis in FP infections. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell-released nonoccluded virus proteins demonstrated several differences in protein composition between the two variants. The evidence indicates that the FP variant of G. mellonella nuclear polyhedrosis virus is a stable genotypic variant which arises from spontaneous mutation of the MP variant.
Robowell: An Automated Process for Monitoring Ground Water Quality Using Established Sampling Protocols (1999)

Abstract Robowell is an automated process for monitoring selected ground water quality properties and constituents by pumping a well or multilevel sampler. Robowell was developed and tested to provide a cost‐effective monitoring system that meets protocols expected for manual sampling. The process uses commercially available electronics, instrumentation, and hardware, so it can be configured to monitor ground water quality using the equipment, purge protocol, and monitoring well design most appropriate for the monitoring site and the contaminants of interest. A Robowell prototype was installed on a sewage‐treatment plant infiltration bed that overlies a well‐studied u neon fined sand and gravel aquifer at the Massachusetts Military Reservation, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, during a time when two distinct plumes of constituents were released. The prototype was operated from May 10 to November 13, 1996, and quality‐assurance/quality‐control measurements demonstrated that the data obtained by the automated method was equivalent to data obtained by manual sampling methods using the same sampling protocols. Water level, specific conductance, pH, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, and dissolved ammonium were monitored by the prototype as the wells were purged according to U.S. Geological Survey (LJSGS) ground water sampling protocols. Remote access to the data record, via phone modem communications, indicated the arrival of each plume over a few days and the subsequent geochemical reactions over the following weeks. Real‐time availability of the monitoring record provided the information needed to initiate manual sampling efforts in response to changes in measured ground water quality, which proved the method and characterized the screened portion of the plume in detail through time. The methods and the case study described are presented to document the process for future use.
Boron doping of hydrogenated amorphous silicon prepared by rf-co-sputtering (2002)

This paper addresses the doping mechanism of amorphous semiconductors through the investigation of boron doped rf co-sputtered amorphous hydrogenated silicon. The activation energy and room temperature conductivity varied from 0.9 to 0.3 eV and from 10-12 to 10-4 Ohm-1 .cm-1, respectively, by ranging the boron concentration from 0 to 3 at.%. These ranges of electronic properties are of the same order of those reported for samples prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In spite of these similarities, there are some relevant differences. The doping effciency, at low boron concentrations, is much lower than that of PECVD samples. In addition, the creation of deep defects (dangling bonds) does not follow the square root power law dependence on the boron concentration as proposed by Street and observed in PECVD samples. These differences are associated with the density of defects, which is much higher in films prepared by sputtering. The increase in the deep defect density is more likely related to topological disorder, introduced by the presence of a high concentration of inactive impurities.
Modulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels and the differentiation response of human neuroblastoma cells. (1990)

We have tested the ability of various compounds to raise intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and, either alone or in combination with retinoic acid (RA), to promote differentiation of two "RA-resistant" sublines of LA-N-5 human neuroblastoma cells, designated LA-N-5HP and LA-N-5R9. Direct activation of adenylate cyclase by forskolin and cholera toxin increased intracellular cAMP levels over 10-fold in both cell lines after 1 h of treatment, after which the levels slowly declined for the next 16 to 24 h. After 5 days of continuous treatment, cAMP levels still remained 2- to 7-fold elevated above controls and were accompanied by a decrease in cell proliferation and an increase in neurite outgrowth. All these effects were exaggerated when the agents were combined with phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitors. Increasing cAMP levels (up to 24-fold) with N6,O2'-dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP) or 8-bromo-cAMP also resulted in decreased proliferation and an increase in morphological differentiation. Isoproterenol and epinephrine did not alter cAMP levels and had no discernible biological effects. Of the agents that raised cAMP levels, only dbcAMP caused an increase in acetylcholinesterase activity. This effect was duplicated with sodium butyrate and prostaglandin E1 in the absence of an increase in cAMP. RA promoted differentiation but also had little effect on cAMP levels. Combination treatment of cells with RA plus agents that raised cAMP levels resulted in greater degrees of differentiation than seen with single agent treatments. We conclude that: (a) the cAMP synthetic and degradative pathways are functional in LA-N-5HP and LA-N-5R9 cells; (b) elevation of cAMP is sufficient for inhibiting proliferation and promoting neurite outgrowth from these cells, but is not a necessary condition for inducing differentiation; and (c) elevation of intracellular cAMP potentiates the differentiation-inducing activity of RA.
Screening of marine algae for potential tyrosinase inhibitor: Those inhibitors reduced tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in zebrafish (2010)

In order to find new anti-browning and whitening agents in this study, we investigated 43 indigenous marine algae for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The extracts from Endarachne binghamiae, Schizymenia dubyi, Ecklonia cava (EC) and Sargassum silquastrum (SS) evidenced potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity similar to that of positive control, kojic acid. Among those marine algae, EC and SS are distributed abundantly on Jeju Island. Therefore, we selected those two species for further studies. Our results evidenced that both species reduced cellular melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity. On the other hand, we utilized zebrafish as an alternative in vivo model. All the tested samples evidenced excellent inhibitory effects on the pigmentation of zebrafish, most likely due to their potential tyrosinase inhibitory activity. In simultaneous in vivo toxicity tests, no toxicity was observed in either algal species, on the other hand, toxicity was observed in positive controls. These results provided that EC and SS extract could be used as an ingredient for whiting cosmetics and that zebrafish is an alternative in vivo model.
Acetylene polymerization in a H-ZSM-5 zeolite (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylene polymerization in a H-ZSM-5 zeoliteC. Pereira, G. T. Kokotailo, and R. J. GorteCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 2, 705–709Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100155a040https://doi.org/10.1021/j100155a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Luminescence Quenching due to High-Order Surface Plasmon Modes of Metal Nanoparticles (2010)

We consider the impact of high-order surface plasmon modes supported by the metal nanoparticles on the efficiency enhancement of optical emission. We show that for a given emitter with certain original radiative efficiency, placing the emitter too close to the metal sphere does not always produce additional enhancement. Thus our model provides analytical treatment of the luminescence quenching and can be used to optimize both nanoparticle size and its separation from the emitter to yield maximum enhancement factor.
A Thousand Kisses (2017)

ROME TO RENAISSANCE In the humanist Republic of Letters the kiss was the foremost attribute, almost the aegis, of the Roman poet Catullus, who had kisses and sparrows as St Catharine had her wheel. Sannazaro, in his epigram ‘On the correction of Catullus, to Gioviano Pontano’, imagines that if the learned (‘ doctus ’) Catullus were to return from Elysium, he would be so grateful for Pontano's emendations of his corrupted texts that he would give the Neapolitan poet fond embraces and—what else but kisses? (‘ oscula grata ’). Later, when the Secundan basium genre had become a formal kind, Bonnefons would refer to ‘ Catullus pater osculationum ’, ‘the father of osculations’. It was by that time usual for basial poets to allude to Catullus both implicitly and explicitly; and in the Secundan kiss-poem, if any ancient poets are to be named, Catullus is sure to be first in rank. Several of the carmina of Catullus deal with kissing, but the ones that proved most popular with imitators were poems 5 and 7. With these, Catullus bequeathed to posterity the enduringly popular theme of ‘counting kisses’. Here is carmen 5, composed in a metre that will feature very prominently in the kiss-poetry of the Renaissance, and so also in this book, the Latin hendecasyllabic or phalaecean : Vivamus mea Lesbia, atque amemus, Rumoresque senum severiorum Omnes unius aestimemus assis! Soles occidere et redire possunt; Nobis, cum semel occidit brevis lux, Nox est perpetua una dormienda. Da mi basia mille, deinde centum, Dein mille altera, dein secunda centum, Deinde usque altera mille, deinde centum; Dein, cum milia multa fecerimus, Conturbabimus illa, ne sciamus, Aut ne quis malus invidere possit Cum tantum sciat esse basiorum. (Catullus, ed. Thomson, pp. 102–3) Let us live, my Lesbia, and let us love, and think all the gossip of dour old men worth hardly a penny! Suns may set and rise again; but for us, when once our short light has set, only remains to be slept the sleep of one perpetual night. Give me a thousand kisses, then a hundred; then another thousand, then a second hundred; then yet another thousand, then a hundred. Then, when we have tallied up many thousands, we shall confuse our count, so we'll lose the reckoning. Nor shall any ill-willing person be able to grudge them, when he knows that our kisses are so many.
Who’s talking? Communication and the casual/part-time nurse: A literature review (2009)

The rapidly evolving nursing working environment has seen the increased use of flexible non standard employment, including part-time, casual and itinerate workers. Evidence suggests that the nursing workforce has been at the forefront of the flexibility push which has seen the appearance of a dual workforce and marginalization of part-time and casual workers by their full-time peers and managers. The resulting fragmentation has meant that effective communication management has become difficult. Additionally, it is likely that poor organisational communication exacerbated by the increased use of non standard staff, is a factor underlying current discontent in the nursing industry and may impact on both recruitment and retention problems as well as patient outcomes. This literature review explores the relationship between the increasing casualisation of the nursing workforce and, among other things, the communication practices of nurses within healthcare organisations.
Unsupervised image restoration and edge location using compound Gauss-Markov random fields and the MDL principle (1997)

Discontinuity-preserving Bayesian image restoration typically involves two Markov random fields: one representing the image intensities/gray levels to be recovered and another one signaling discontinuities/edges to be preserved. The usual strategy is to perform joint maximum a posterori (MAP) estimation of the image and its edges, which requires the specification of priors for both fields. Instead of taking an edge prior, we interpret discontinuities (in fact their locations) as deterministic unknown parameters of the compound Gauss-Markov random field (CGMRF), which is assumed to model the intensities. This strategy should allow inferring the discontinuity locations directly from the image with no further assumptions. However, an additional problem emerges: the number of parameters (edges) is unknown. To deal with it, we invoke the minimum description length (MDL) principle; according to MDL, the best edge configuration is the one that allows the shortest description of the image and its edges. Taking the other model parameters (noise and CGMRF variances) also as unknown, we propose a new unsupervised discontinuity-preserving image restoration criterion. Implementation is carried out by a continuation-type iterative algorithm which provides estimates of the number of discontinuities, their locations, the noise variance, the original image variance, and the original image itself (restored image). Experimental results with real and synthetic images are reported.
A Filtering ΔΣ ADC for LTE and Beyond (2014)

This paper presents a filtering ADC for the LTE communication standard, where a second-order Delta-Sigma modulator (DSM) is incorporated into the third-order Chebyshev channel-select filter (CSF) of the radio receiver. The CSF introduces an additional third-order suppression of both thermal and quantization DSM noise, while the CSF transfer function is maintained. A design method for the filtering ADC accounting for unavoidable DSM-DAC delays is developed and experimentally demonstrated. The 65 nm CMOS prototype is clocked at 576/288 MHz with an 18.5/9.0 MHz LTE bandwidth, has an in-band gain of 26 dB, an SNDR of 56.4/58.1 dB, an input-referred noise of 5 nV/ √{Hz}, and an out-of-band (half-duplex) IIP3 of 20/12 dBV rms , with a power consumption of 7.9/5.4 mW and an overall state-of-the art performance.
Injectable and Gellable Chitosan Formulations Filled with Cellulose Nanofibers for Intervertebral Disc Tissue Engineering (2018)

The development of non-cellularized injectable suspensions of viscous chitosan (CHI) solutions (1.7⁻3.3% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)), filled with cellulose nanofibers (CNF) (0.02⁻0.6% (<i>w</i>/<i>w</i>)) of the type nanofibrillated cellulose, was proposed for viscosupplementation of the intervertebral disc nucleus pulposus tissue. The achievement of CNF/CHI formulations which can gel in situ at the disc injection site constitutes a minimally-invasive approach to restore damaged/degenerated discs. We studied physico-chemical aspects of the sol and gel states of the CNF/CHI formulations, including the rheological behavior in relation to injectability (sol state) and fiber mechanical reinforcement (gel state). CNF-CHI interactions could be evidenced by a double flow behavior due to the relaxation of the CHI polymer chains and those interacting with the CNFs. At high shear rates resembling the injection conditions with needles commonly used in surgical treatments, both the reference CHI viscous solutions and those filled with CNFs exhibited similar rheological behavior. The neutralization of the flowing and weakly acidic CNF/CHI suspensions yielded composite hydrogels in which the nanofibers reinforced the CHI matrix. We performed evaluations in relation to the biomedical application, such as the effect of the intradiscal injection of the CNF/CHI formulation in pig and rabbit spine models on disc biomechanics. We showed that the injectable formulations became hydrogels in situ after intradiscal gelation, due to CHI neutralization occurring in contact with the body fluids. No leakage of the injectate through the injection canal was observed and the gelled formulation restored the disc height and loss of mechanical properties, which is commonly related to disc degeneration.
Functional analysis of the <i>Antirrhinum</i> floral homeotic <i>DEFICIENS</i> gene in vivo and in vitro by using a temperature-sensitive mutant (1995)

Flowers of the temperature-sensitive DEFICIENS (DEF) mutant, def-101, display sepaloid petals and carpelloid stamens when grown at 26 degrees C, the non-permissive temperature. In contrast, when cultivated under permissive conditions at 15 degrees C, the morphology of def-101 flowers resembles that of the wild type. Temperature shift experiments during early and late phases of flower development revealed that second and third whorl organ development is differentially sensitive to changes in DEF expression. In addition, early DEF expression seems to control the spatially correct initiation of fourth whorl organ development. Reduction of the def-101 gene dosage differentially affects organogenesis in adjacent whorls: at the lower temperature development of petals in the second whorl and initiation of carpels in the centre of the flower is not affected while third whorl organogenesis follows the mutant (carpelloid) pattern. The possible contribution of accessory factors to organ-specific DEF functions is discussed. In situ analyses of mRNA and protein expression patterns during def-101 flower development at 15 degrees C and at 26 degrees C support previously proposed combinatorial regulatory interactions between the MADS-box proteins DEF and GLOBOSA (GLO), and provide evidence that the autoregulatory control of DEF and GLO expression by the DEF/GLO heterodimer starts after initiation of all organ primordia. Immunolocalisation revealed that both proteins are located in the nucleus. Interestingly, higher growth temperature affects the stability of both the DEF-101 and GLO proteins in vivo. In vitro DNA binding studies suggest that the temperature sensitivity of the def-101 mutant is due to an altered heterodimerisation/DNA-binding capability of the DEF-101 protein, conditioned by the deletion of one amino acid within the K-box, a protein region thought to be involved in protein-protein interaction. In addition, we introduce a mutant allele of GLO, glo-confusa, where insertion of one amino acid impairs the hydrophobic carboxy-terminal region of the MADS-box, but which confers no strong phenotypic changes to the flower. The strong mutant phenotype of flowers of def-101/glo-conf double mutants when grown in the cold represents genetic evidence for heterodimerisation between DEF and GLO in vivo. The potential to dissect structural and functional domains of MADS-box transcription factors is discussed.
Determinants of the Rate and Extent of Spermatogenic Suppression during Hormonal Male Contraception: An Integrated Analysis (2008)

Male hormonal contraceptives can be practically applied to a wide range of men but require coadministration of an androgen with a second agent (i.e. progestin) for earlier and more complete suppression of sperm output. Whereas considerable progress has been made toward defining clinically effective combinations, further optimization of androgen-progestin treatment regimens is still required.
Prefilled devices for parenteral applications (2014)

Current parenteral administration of drugs suffers from several drawbacks including the requirement of healthcare personnel to administer the drug, the risk of needle stick injuries that may result in the transmission of blood borne pathogens, and patient discomfort. Prefilled devices have emerged as powerful tools to improve parenteral administration of drugs. There are a number of clinical conditions including treatment of endocrine diseases, neurological disorders, autoimmune diseases and emergency medicine where prefilled devices have made major improvements to patient care. Prefilled devices have become an important set of tools for the medical practitioner due to their ease of use and safety, cost effectiveness and patient convenience. This review provides a comprehensive summary of existing prefilled devices, their current clinical uses and corresponding regulatory processes.
Comparative study of the effective single mode operational bandwidth in sub-wavelength optical wires and conventional single-mode fibers (2009)

We present the first experimental comparison of effective single mode operation bandwidth in sub-wavelength optical wires (SOWs) and conventional single-mode fibers (SMFs). The full transmission spectrum, half-turn bend loss and mode field diameter were measured and compared for a variety of SMFs of different cut-off wavelength and a SOW. The SOW was shown to offer an enormously broadband single-mode operation bandwidth with a larger mode field area than the SMFs. Applications of SOWs include fiber lasers, sensors, photolithography and optical coherence tomography amongst others.
Power calculation and modeling in deep submicron (1998)

Over the past few years it has become increasingly apparent that modern IC design is no longer bounded by timing and area constraints. Power has become significantly more important. In an era of hand held devices ranging from mobile computing to wireless communication systems, managing and controlling power takes on an important role. Several benefits are realized with low power designs in addition to extended battery life. Low power devices often run at lower junction temperatures and this leads to high reliability and low cost cooling systems [1,2,3,6]. Calculation and modeling of power (and delay) in deep-submicron (less then 0.25 microns) designs poses several challenges. This paper discusses the use of the Delay and Power Calculation System (DPCS) as a means by which EDA (Electronic Design Automation) tools can accurately calculate and model power.