gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contextualizing Risk and Danger: An Analysis of Young People's Perceptions of Risk (2000)

Current debates about the nature of risk in late modernity suggest that changing social structures and a weakening, or increasingly global mediation of social constraints associated with the old order, have given rise to a new set of risks and opportunities. Social inequalities continue to impact upon people's lives but from within the contingencies of individualizing processes of 'risk society'. Whilst it is acknowledged that there are differences between the production and perception of risks, there is a need for empirical evidence examining how risks are unequally distributed. The same study can provide illustration of how the solutions to social ills are often sought at an individual rather than a collective level through personal action. Drawing upon data from a three-year project, this paper explores young people's perceptions of risk. It is argued that since young people's experiences continue to be shaped by local social dimensions of class and gender, risk behaviour should continue to be analysed within these contexts.
An image-domain cost function for 3-D rigid body motion estimation (2002)

We derive an image-domain cost function for calibrated 3-D rigid body motion estimation from two views. The cost function is based on the accumulation of minimum mean squared error values along the epipolar lines for a large number of small measurement windows. In comparison to other non-linear, but feature-based formulations, the minimization of this cost function does not require pre-computed point correspondences. Several speedups are derived that keep the computational complexity similar to other non-linear formulations of the 3-D rigid body motion estimation problem. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that no effort has to be devoted to the reliable determination of point correspondences.
Author Identification using Multi-headed Recurrent Neural Networks (2015)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are very good at modelling the flow of text, but typically need to be trained on a far larger corpus than is available for the PAN 2015 Author Identification task. This paper describes a novel approach where the output layer of a character-level RNN language model is split into several independent predictive sub-models, each representing an author, while the recurrent layer is shared by all. This allows the recurrent layer to model the language as a whole without over-fitting, while the outputs select aspects of the underlying model that reflect their author's style. The method proves competitive, ranking first in two of the four languages.
Functionalization of Diamond(100) by Cycloaddition of Butadiene:  First-Principles Theory (2000)

Density functional theory calculations have been used to study [4+2] and [2+2] cycloaddition reactions between 1,3-butadiene and the diamond(100) surface. The structure, energetics, and spectra of the products, as well as the reaction pathways and activation barriers, are discussed. The [4+2] product is energetically favored over the [2+2] product, and the barrier to [4+2] addition is lower than that to [2+2] addition, so the [4+2] product is expected to be the dominant product on the surface. Interdimer interactions influence the structure and vibrational spectrum of the [4+2] product, but have a small effect on the adsorption energy. Comparisons to experimental studies are made, and while the [4+2] product appears to be the major surface species, there is also evidence for the presence of other species.
The Future of Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) (2008)

Abstract: MEMS‐based products produced in 2005 had a value of $8bn, 40% of which was sensors. The balance was for products that included micromachined features, such as ink jet print heads, catheters and RF IC chips with embedded inductors. Growth projections follow a hockey stick curve, with the value of products rising to $40bn in 2015 and $200bn in 2025! Growth to date has come from a combination of technology displacement, as exemplified by automotive pressure sensors and airbag accelerometers and new products, such as miniaturised guidance systems for military applications and wireless tire pressure sensors. Much of the growth in MEMS business is expected to come from products that are in the early stages of development or yet to be invented. Some of these devices include disposable chips for performing assays on blood and tissue samples, which are now performed in hospital laboratories, integrated optical switching and processing chips, and various RF communication and remote sensing products.The key to enabling the projected 25‐fold growth in MEMS products is development of appropriate technologies for integrating multiple devices with electronics on a single chip. At present, there are two approaches to integrating MEMS devices with electronics. Either the MEMS device is fabricated in polysilicon, as part of the CMOS wafer fabrication sequence or a discrete MEMS device is packaged with a separate ASIC chip. Neither of these approaches is entirely satisfactory, though, for building the high‐value, system‐on‐chip products that are envisioned. It is this author's opinion that a combination of self‐assembly techniques in conjunction with wafer stacking, offer a viable path to realizing ubiquitous, complex MEMS systems.
Incorporating default inferences into plan recognition (1990)

This paper presents a process model of plan inference for use in natural language consultation systems. It includes a strategy that can both defer unwarranted decisions about the relationship of a new action to the user's overall plan and sanction rational default inferences. The paper describes an implementation of this strategy using the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidential reasoning. Our process model overcomes a limitation of previous plan recognition systems and produces a richer model of the user's plans and goals, yet one that can be explained and justified to the user when discrepancies arise between it and what the user is actually trying to accomplish.
Valence and conduction band offsets of a ZrO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub>N<sub><i>y</i></sub>/n‐Si CMOS gate stack: A combined photoemission and inverse photoemission study (2004)

Abstract The densities of states above and below the Fermi energy for the ZrO 2 /SiO x N y /n‐Si system are examined by photoemission and inverse photoemission and compared with results from first principles calculations. The measured band gap of ZrO 2 is 5.68 eV and the valence and conduction band offsets relative to silicon are 3.40 and 1.16 eV respectively. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Understanding Digital Health as Public Pedagogy: A Critical Framework (2014)

This paper argues on behalf of a public pedagogy approach to developing a critical understanding of digital health technologies. It begins by appraising the hitherto polarised articulations of digital innovation as either techno-utopian or techno-dystopian, examining these expectations of technology and considering the tensions between them. It subsequently outlines how a public pedagogy approach can help mediate between these views, offering a more contextualised, socio-political perspective of mHealth. This approach teases out the nuances of digital health by engaging with the complexities of embodied learning. Furthermore, it urges caution against viewing these pedagogical forces as one of transference, or simple governance. To this end, we therefore contextualise our critique of digital health, within an attempt to reconstitute an understanding of public pedagogies of technology.
Turbo-BLAST and its performance (2002)

Research has shown that the performance of demapping a multilevel modulated signal can be improved by using anti-Gray mapping and iterative demapping and decoding. Iterative demapping and decoding is based on the turbo-decoding principle. In order to improve the performance of the multi-input multi-output (MIMO) Bell-Labs Layered Space Time (BLAST) wireless communication algorithm, the combination of BLAST and iterative decoding is examined. This principle is called turbo-BLAST. Turbo-BLAST is evaluated using the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) chart method.
On the Graphite ‐ Diamond Equilibrium (1955)

Abstract The equilibrium curve between graphite and diamond is calculated up to 1200°K by making use of some new experimental data. The justification for extrapolating the values to higher temperatures is given. The equilibrium pressures below 1200° are shown in a table, while above 1200°K the curve can be represented by the equation P ats = 7000 + 27 T (°K), which should be accurate to within about 5%.
Research on the Personalized Privacy Preserving Distributed Data Mining (2009)

In this paper we studied privacy preserving distributed data mining. The existing methods focus on a universal approach that exerts preservation in the same degree for all persons, without catering for their concrete needs. In view of this we innovatively proposed a new framework combining the secure multiparty computation (SMC) with K-anonymity technology, and achieved personalized privacy preserving distributed data mining based on decision tree classification algorithm. Compared with other algorithms our method could make a good trade-off point between privacy and accuracy, with high efficiency and low-overhead of computing and communication.
Epidermal growth factor or serum stimulation of rat fibroblasts induces an elevation in mRNA levels for lactate dehydrogenase and other glycolytic enzymes (1985)

We have isolated cloned cDNAs corresponding to five mRNAs whose level is increased following stimulation of quiescent rat fibroblasts by either epidermal growth factor or serum. Partial sequencing followed by a computer search of data banks has shown that the cloned cDNAs correspond to mRNAs encoding proteins with extensive homology to lactate dehydrogenase, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, triose phosphate isomerase, and actin. The complete nucleotide sequence of a rat fibroblast lactate dehydrogenase is presented.
Adapting Locomotion to Different Surface Compliances: Neuromuscular Responses and Changes in Movement Dynamics (2005)

Knowledge of how the nervous system deals with surfaces with different physical properties such as compliance that challenge balance during locomotion is of importance as we are constantly faced with these situations every day. The purpose of this study was to examine the control of center of mass (COM) and lower limb dynamics and recovery response modulation of muscle activity during locomotion across an unexpected compliant surface and in particular, scaling behavior across different levels of compliance. Eight young adults walked along a walkway and stepped on an unexpected compliant surface in the middle of the travel path. There were three different levels of surface compliance, and participants experienced either no compliant surface or one of the three compliant surfaces during each trial that were presented in a blocked or random fashion. Whole body kinematics were collected along with surface electromyography (EMG) of selected bilateral lower limb and trunk muscles. The recovery response to the first compliant-surface trial demonstrated muscle onset latencies between 97 and 175 ms, and activity was modulated while on the compliant surface. Vertical COM trajectory was not preserved after contact with the compliant surface: peak vertical COM, while on the compliant surface was lower than when on stable ground. Perturbed-limb knee flexion after toe-off increased with increased surface compliance, which enabled toe clearance with the ground to be similar to control trials. The results suggest that stepping off of a compliant surface is actively modulated by the CNS and is geared toward maintaining dynamic stability.
I Should Listen More (2017)

Video telehealth is growing to allow more clinicians to see patients from afar. As a result, clinicians, typically trained for in-person visits, must learn to communicate both health information and non-verbal affective signals to patients through a digital medium. We introduce a system called ReflectLive that senses and provides real-time feedback about non-verbal communication behaviors to clinicians so they can improve their communication behaviors. A user evaluation with 10 clinicians showed that the real-time feedback helped clinicians maintain better eye contact with patients and was not overly distracting. Clinicians reported being more aware of their non-verbal communication behaviors and reacted positively to summaries of their conversational metrics, motivating them to want to improve. Using ReflectLive as a probe, we also discuss the benefits and concerns around automatically quantifying the "soft skills" and complexities of clinician-patient communication, the controllability of behaviors, and the design considerations for how to present real-time and summative feedback to clinicians.
Hierarchical clustered register file organization for VLIW processors (2004)

Technology projections indicate that wire delays will become one of the biggest constraints in future microprocessor designs. To avoid long wire delays and therefore long cycle times, processor cores must be partitioned into components so that most of the communication is done locally. In this paper, we propose a novel register file organization for VLIW cores that combines clustering with a hierarchical register file organization. Functional units are organized in clusters, each one with a local first level register file. The local register files are connected to a global second level register file, which provides access to memory. All intercluster communications are done through the second level register file. This paper also proposes MIRS-HC, a novel modulo scheduling technique that simultaneously performs instruction scheduling, cluster selection, inserts communication operations, performs register allocation and spill insertion for the proposed organization. The results show that although more cycles are required to execute applications, the execution time is reduced due to a shorter cycle time. In addition, the combination of clustering and hierarchy provides a larger design exploration space that trades-off performance and technology requirements.
Age related differences in humoral immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults (2004)

The humoral immune response to Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) was investigated in old and young adults. RSV was identified by culture and/or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 52 elderly (mean age 74 years) and 15 young adults (mean age 33 years) with respiratory illness. Preinfection serum neutralizing and binding antibody levels were similar in the two age groups, although older persons had significantly greater serum neutralizing responses to group A RSV (log(2) 2.8 increase vs. 1.7, P = 0.001) and group B RSV (log(2) 2.8 vs. 1.3, P = 0.0008). Older persons also had significantly increased responses to the RSV F (log(2) 2.9 vs. 1.1, P < 0.0001), Ga (log(2) 2.1 vs. 1.3, P = 0.0007), and Gb proteins (log(2) 2.7 vs. 1.4, P = 0.0004). The exuberant antibody response seen in older adults may be a reflection of greater viral load and antigenic stimulation and/or a shift from Th1 to Th2 dominant immune response with aging. The relationship of immune response to disease pathogenesis in older persons deserves further study.
High-throughput sequencing of two populations of extracellular vesicles provides an mRNA signature that can be detected in the circulation of breast cancer patients (2016)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain a wide range of RNA types with a reported prevalence of non-coding RNA. To date a comprehensive characterization of the protein coding transcripts in EVs is still lacking. We performed RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) of 2 EV populations and identified a small fraction of transcripts that were expressed at significantly different levels in large oncosomes and exosomes, suggesting they may mediate specialized functions. However, these 2 EV populations exhibited a common mRNA signature that, in comparison to their donor cells, was significantly enriched in mRNAs encoding E2F transcriptional targets and histone proteins. These mRNAs are primarily expressed in the S-phase of the cell cycle, suggesting that they may be packaged into EVs during S-phase. In silico analysis using subcellular compartment transcriptome data from the ENCODE cell line compendium revealed that EV mRNAs originate from a cytoplasmic RNA pool. The EV signature was independently identified in plasma of patients with breast cancer by RNA-Seq. Furthermore, several transcripts differentially expressed in EVs from patients versus controls mirrored differential expression between normal and breast cancer tissues. Altogether, this largest high-throughput profiling of EV mRNA demonstrates that EVs carry tumor-specific alterations and can be interrogated as a source of cancer-derived cargo.
Statistics of the RSS estimation algorithm for Gaussian measurement noise (1999)

The large and small sample properties of the reduced sufficient statistics (RSS) estimator of Kulhavy (1990, 1992) are derived for the nonlinear additive white Gaussian noise measurement model. The RSS algorithm recursively propagates a set of sufficient statistics for a mixture density that approximates the true posterior density of a parameter vector. The joint probability density function for the weighting coefficients of the mixture density is derived for the case of additive white Gaussian noise. Through integration of this density, the estimator bias and mean-squared error are determined. The results are applied to a scalar phase estimation problem in which the sample-averaged statistics are compared with those derived from numerical integration of the density function. The asymptotic bias and variance of the RSS estimator are also derived and compared with simulation results.
Coherent and noncoherent decoding metrics for the is‐95 reverse link (1998)

Abstract The IS‐95 [1] reverse link modulation chain consists of a rate 1/3 convolutional code, a bit‐level interleaver, and 64‐ary orthogonal modulator. The interleaver improves the performance of the convolutional code by intreducing time diversity. However, calculation of the log‐likelihood ratio for the combination of bil‐level interleaving and 64‐ary orthogonal modulation is difficult and may require detailed knowledge of the channel fading process. Several decoding metrics have teen published in me literature including the single‐ and dual‐max metrics [2, 3], This paper presents two decoding metrics, the weighted dual‐max and the coherent dual‐max, which are non‐parametric, reasonable in complexity, and which improve on die performance of the dual‐max by 0.3 dB and 1.5 dB respectively.
Modulation of Cytokine Release and Gene Expression by the Immunosuppressive Domain of gp41 of HIV-1 (2013)

The transmembrane envelope protein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 plays an important role during infection allowing fusion of the viral and cellular membrane. In addition, there is increasing evidence that gp41 may contribute to the immunodeficiency induced by HIV-1. Recombinant gp41 and a synthetic peptide corresponding to a highly conserved domain in gp41, the immunosuppressive (isu) domain, have been shown to inhibit mitogen-induced activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to increase release of IL-6 and IL-10 from these cells. We recently reported that a single mutation in the isu domain of gp41 abrogated the immunosuppressive properties and that HIV-1 sequences containing such abrogating mutations had never been isolated from infected individuals. Here, we studied the influence of the isu peptide on the release of 66 cytokines and the expression of 27,000 genes in PBMCs. Incubation of PBMCs with isu peptide homopolymers increased the expression of 16 cytokines among them IL-6 and IL-10, and decreased that of IL-2 and CXCL9. Interestingly, the extend of cytokine modulation was donor-dependent. Among the genes up-regulated were IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 but also MMP-1, TREM-1 and IL-1beta. Most importantly, genes involved in innate immunity such as FCN1 and SEPP1 were found down-regulated. Many changes in cytokine expression demonstrated in our experiments were also found in HIV-1 infected individuals. These data indicate that the isu domain of gp41 has a broad impact on gene expression and cytokine release and therefore may be involved in HIV-1 induced immunopathogenesis.
Fragmentation and query decomposition in the ECR model (1987)

Fragmentation and query decomposition are considered important issues in a distributed database environment. For a semantic data model (ECR data model), the types of fragmentation and the criteria they should follow is provided along with how global queries in a high-level language, GORDAS, are decomposed into local queries on the fragments. This technique may be used in a heterogeneous distributed database, where the global schema presented to the user is in the high-level ECR model.
THE ISOLATION AND SELECTED PROPERTIES OF BLOOD MONOCYTES (1966)

A technique is described for the quantitative recovery of monocytes from horse blood by means of flotation on dense albumin solutions. Monocytes are concentrated in a surface pellicle along with a few lymphocytes which are then removed when the monocytes adhere to a glass surface. The in vitro cultivation of homogeneous populations of monocytes results in an increase in (a) cell size, (b) number of mitochondria, and (c) phase-dense granules of the centrosphere. The phase-dense granules are osmiophilic and acid phosphatase positive. Quantitative biochemical analysis during cultivation have revealed increased levels of cytochrome oxidase, acid phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and BPN hydrolase. In addition, glucose utilization and lactic acid production are stimulated under the same conditions. The uptake of both bacteria and colloidal gold is stimulated during in vitro cultivation. The phagocytic activity of cultured monocytes may be enhanced by a purified bacterial lipopolysaccharide. These data are consistant with the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages, a cell with greater metabolic and functional potentional.
The Starfire SMP interconnect (1997)

The Starfire Ultra Enterprise 10000 extends the envelope of UNIX SMP systems in several dimensions. Interconnect: It uses four address routers and a 16x16 data crossbar to provide 64 UltraSPARC processors with uniform-memory access at a bandwidth of 10,667 MBps. Flexibility: Starfire can be dynamically reconfigured into multiple hardware-protected operating system domains. Robustness: specially-connected workstation orchestrates service activities. Failing boards can be hot-swapped without interrupting system operation. ECC is carried on both address and data paths. Performance: Starfire has set several TPC-D decision- support benchmark records. It delivers a respectable 21 Gflops on Linpack-parallel.
Use of highly specific DNA probes and the polymerase chain reaction to detect Mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Johne's disease (1990)

DNA probes that hybridize to a mycobacterial insertion sequence, IS900, present in multiple copies in the genome of Mycobacterium paratuberculosis were found to be highly specific for M. paratuberculosis. DNA sequences derived from IS900 were used to prepare DNA primers for detection and identification of M. paratuberculosis by the polymerase chain reaction. Highly specific direct detection of M. paratuberculosis DNA in feces from cattle with Johne's disease was obtained. The polymerase chain reaction test had a sensitivity equal to or greater than that obtained by standard culture techniques and was much more rapid, taking only hours compared with 6 to 12 weeks for culture.