gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized algorithm for distributed consensus (2002)

We describe a randomized, fully distributed algorithm for distributed consensus and evaluate its performance assuming probabilistically bounded message delay. Each node randomly contacts a few other nodes and incorporates their values into its own value. All the nodes are able to reach consensus in this manner after a few rounds. The results show that the randomized algorithm is flexible, efficient and robust, and offers several advantages over a deterministic algorithm.
Ouabain-induced Internalization and Lysosomal Degradation of the Na+/K+-ATPase (2013)

Internalization of the Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (the Na(+) pump) has been studied in the human lung carcinoma cell line H1299 that expresses YFP-tagged α1 from its normal genomic localization. Both real-time imaging and surface biotinylation have demonstrated internalization of α1 induced by ≥100 nm ouabain which occurs in a time scale of hours. Unlike previous studies in other systems, the ouabain-induced internalization was insensitive to Src or PI3K inhibitors. Accumulation of α1 in the cells could be augmented by inhibition of lysosomal degradation but not by proteosomal inhibitors. In agreement, the internalized α1 could be colocalized with the lysosomal marker LAMP1 but not with Golgi or nuclear markers. In principle, internalization could be triggered by a conformational change of the ouabain-bound Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase molecule or more generally by the disruption of cation homeostasis (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+)) due to the partial inhibition of active Na(+) and K(+) transport. Overexpression of ouabain-insensitive rat α1 failed to inhibit internalization of human α1 expressed in the same cells. In addition, incubating cells in a K(+)-free medium did not induce internalization of the pump or affect the response to ouabain. Thus, internalization is not the result of changes in the cellular cation balance but is likely to be triggered by a conformational change of the protein itself. In physiological conditions, internalization may serve to eliminate pumps that have been blocked by endogenous ouabain or other cardiac glycosides. This mechanism may be required due to the very slow dissociation of the ouabain·Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase complex.
Solubility of Some <i>n</i>-Alkanes (C<sub>23</sub>, C<sub>25</sub>, C<sub>26</sub>, C<sub>28</sub>) in Heptane, Methylcyclohexane, and Toluene (1998)

Solubilities of four heavy n-alkanes (tricosane, pentacosane, hexacosane, and octacosane) in a solvent containing seven atoms of carbon (heptane, methylcyclohexane, and toluene) are determined by simple thermal analysis. It is shown that the nature of the solvent has no major influence on the solubility and that, in a same solvent, the solubility decreases when the carbon number of the alkane chain increases. Simple expressions are applied to represent the solubility lines, which reveals that the binary mixtures are not ideal.
Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1984)

An epidemic of cases of toxoplasmic encephalitis is occurring in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Serological or histopathologic studies were performed on 70 cases with AIDS and toxoplasmic encephalitis. In many cases conventional stains of brain-tissue specimens failed to disclose<i>Toxoplasma</i>organisms; all were positive when stained by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique. Except for a single patient, serological titers were not indicative of an acute acquired infection. The ratio of titers in the agglutination test to titers in the Sabin-Feldman dye test seemed to be more predictive of active toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS than either test alone. Based on histological and serological data, an approach is presented for diagnosis and treatment of suspected toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with AIDS. (<i>JAMA</i>1984;252:913-917)
Holographic associative memory for word-break recognition (1989)

We describe a holographic associative memory that is able to identify individual words and insert word breaks in a concatenated word string. The system is shift invariant and has error-correction capability. Experimental results obtained from the system are presented.
PPARα-UGT axis activation represses intestinal FXR-FGF15 feedback signalling and exacerbates experimental colitis (2014)

Bile acids play a pivotal role in the pathological development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the mechanism of bile acid dysregulation in IBD remains unanswered. Here we show that intestinal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα)-UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) signalling is an important determinant of bile acid homeostasis. Dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis leads to accumulation of bile acids in inflamed colon tissues via activation of the intestinal peroxisome PPARα-UGTs pathway. UGTs accelerate the metabolic elimination of bile acids, and thereby decrease their intracellular levels in the small intestine. Reduced intracellular bile acids results in repressed farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-FGF15 signalling, leading to upregulation of hepatic CYP7A1, thus promoting the de novo bile acid synthesis. Both knockout of PPARα and treatment with recombinant FGF19 markedly attenuate DSS-induced colitis. Thus, we propose that intestinal PPARα-UGTs and downstream FXR-FGF15 signalling play vital roles in control of bile acid homeostasis and the pathological development of colitis.
Synthesis of Dihydronaphthalenes via Aryne Diels−Alder Reactions:  Scope and Diastereoselectivity (2005)

Novel aryne Diels-Alder reactions with functionalized acyclic dienes are reported. These give useful cis-substituted dihydronaphthalene building blocks in good yield which are not easily accessible via other means, as demonstrated in the synthesis of sertraline. The first asymmetric aryne cycloaddition with an acyclic diene is also reported, giving excellent diastereoselectivities with Oppolzer's sultam as a chiral auxiliary.
Properties of liquids and solutions (1982)

The Liquid State of Matter. Intermolecular Forces. Theories and Models of the Liquid State. Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Liquids. Liquid Crystals--The Mesophase. Mixtures of Non-Electrolytes. Phase Diagrams for Multicomponent Systems. Polar Liquids. Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes. Chemical Equilibria in Solution. Solutions of Polymers. Liquid Interfaces and Adsorption Phenomena. Colloidal Systems. Bibliography. Index.
Chemical thermodynamics (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTChemical thermodynamicsTerrell L. Hill Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 3, 154Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1959Published inissue 1 March 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p154.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (959 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Selective Gas and Vapor Sorption and Magnetic Sensing by an Isoreticular Mixed-Metal–Organic Framework (2012)

A novel isoreticular oxamato-based manganese(II)-copper(II) open metal-organic framework H(2)O@iso1 featuring a pillared square/octagonal layer structure with alternating open and closed octagonal pores has been rationally prepared. The open-framework topology is responsible for a large selectivity in the separation of small gas (CO(2) over CH(4)) and vapor molecules (CH(3)OH over CH(3)CN and CH(3)CH(2)OH). H(2)O@iso1 displays a long-range three-dimensional ferromagnetic ordering with a drastic variation of the critical temperature as a function of the guest molecule [T(C) < 2.0 K (CO(2)@iso1 and CH(4)@iso1) and T(C) = 6.5 (CH(3)OH@iso1) and 21.0 K (H(2)O@iso1)].
ICT Innovations in Future Smart Cars (2013)

1 Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, No. 100, Wenhwa Road, Seatwen, Taichung 40724, Taiwan 2Department of Digital Living Innovation, Nan Kai University of Technology, No. 568, Chung Cheng Road, Tsao Tun 54243, Nantou, Taiwan 3 Ball Aerospace & Technologies Corp., Fairborn, OH 45324, USA 4Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Southern Taiwan University, No. 1, Nan-Tai Street, Yung-Kang 71005, Tainan, Taiwan 5Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen Graduate School, D424, HIT Campus of Shenzhen, University Town, Xili, Nanshan, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
Experimental Results for Chronic Left Ventricular Assist and Total Artificial Heart Development (1983)

After more than 20 years of research on the artificial heart, it is now accepted that the pneumatically actuated total artificial heart can maintain near-normal physiology in experimental animals for several months. Such systems are clinically acceptable for short-term application (a few months) in patients waiting for a suitable heart transplant. However, realistically, a cardiac prosthesis that has the capability of being totally implantable for over 2 years must be available. Based on this premise, our group initiated the development of a mechanically actuated total artificial heart, capable of coupling with either a thermal or electrical actuation system. Since 1977, under the National Institutes of Health chronic left ventricular assist program, we have used two different pusher-plate pumps and electrical systems. Taking advantage of technology generated in these programs, we began developing a prosthesis to replace the total cardiac function. This paper is a summary of both the chronic left ventricular assist and total artificial heart development progress in this laboratory.
Absolute Gamma Source Positioning with Position-sensitive Scintillation Detector Arrays (2018)

Radioactive sources are widely used in industrial and medical applications. In home-land security, it is important to monitor radioactive source in public areas such as airport to prevent public hazard. Traditional radiation detection devices such as Geiger counter cannot provide position information. Exist imaging devices including Gamma cameras with mechanical collimators, or Compton cameras can only determine directional information of the radioactive sources over the 4π angular space, which is not enough for accurate source positioning in the crowded areas with high population density.In this work, we propose a novel method to achieve 3-D imaging capability of the absolute radioactive sources position with position-sensitive scintillator detector arrays. Targeting at application in a typical public places such as airports, we propose a 6-detector imaging system setup. The detector design is based on a pixilated dual-ended GAGG scintillation detector block that has been developed in our lab. The measured photon count distribution of all the six detectors are combined together to form the projection data. A ML-EM algorithm is used reconstruct the source intensity image in Cartesian coordinates. In Monte Carlo simulation, a 511 keV point source was placed at four different positions in the FOV to measure the projection data. Both the positioning accuracy and the FWHM image resolution were calculated from the reconstructed image to evaluate the performance of the proposed imaging method. The reconstructed images converge to desired point-type distribution with certain spread observed in both the simulation and the experimental study. Accurate positioning accuracy is achievable in all cases.In conclusion, the proposed method demonstrates feasibility for absolute positioning of the radioactive sources in 3-D Cartesian space. We believe that it is promisingly useful in public safety applications.
Long-Range Correlations in Sedimentation (1997)

Using particle image velocimetry we have measured the sedimentation dynamics of non-Brownian colloidal spheres over a wide range of low concentrations ( $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\le}0.05$) and sample cell sizes $W$. Fluctuations in the settling velocity show universal large-scale finite-range correlations, in the form of swirls, which depend simply on volume fraction and particle radius and follow $〈\ensuremath{\delta}{V}_{z}(0)\ensuremath{\delta}{V}_{z}(z){〉}^{1/2}\ensuremath{\simeq}{2.0V}_{\mathrm{sed}}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{1/3}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}z/2\ensuremath{\xi})$, where $\ensuremath{\xi}\ensuremath{\simeq}20a{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/3}$. In turn, the predicted divergence of the velocity variance with increasing cell size $W$ is cut off in a universal way as $W$ exceeds the swirl size and is well represented by $〈\ensuremath{\delta}{V}_{z}^{2}(0){〉}^{1/2}{\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2.0V}_{\mathrm{sed}}{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{1/3}[1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}W/60a{\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/3})]$.
Multi Tower Solar Array Project (2002)

It is intended to build and test a Multi Tower Solar Array (MTSA) prototype at the new CSIRO Energy Technology Centre in Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia. The MTSA concept can achieve very high ground or roof coverage (>90%) by using an array of small towers or posts 8 – 12 m high on which receivers are mounted. The aim of the MTSA is to address medium sized urban combined heat and power markets using a versatile optical system that can incorporate a variety of receiver types, either individually or in combination. This paper describes the new technologies to be tested.
Clinical value of combined detection of CA125 and CA153 in endometrial carcinoma (2008)

Objective
To evaluate the clinical value of combined detection of CA125 and CA153 for diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma.


Methods
The combined detection of CA125 and CA153 were performed in 48 inpatients with endometrial carcinoma who were suspected before surgery and being final diagnosed by pathological examinations after surgery, and 2 or 3 months after the operation. 96 cases of benign uterine myoma admitted for hysterectomy in the same period were control group.


Results
The sensitivity of combined detection of CA125 and CA153 for diagnosing endometrial carcinoma increased to 85.6% and the specificity decreased subtly. Total accuracy rate of diagnosis reached 80.5%. There was statistical difference between the group of endometrial carcinoma and the control group(P<0.05).


Conclusion
The combined detection of CA125 and CA153 has the important diagnostic value for differentiating benign and malignant diseases of uterus. The two markers can also predict the prognosis and recurrence of the carcinoma.


Key words: 
endometrial carcinoma; CA125; CA153; hysterectomy; diagnosis
Efficient Auctions (2000)

We exhibit an <it>efficient auction</it> (an auction that maximizes surplus conditional on all available information). For private values, the Vickrey auction (for one good) or its Groves-Clarke extension (for multiple goods) is efficient. We show that the Vickrey and Groves-Clarke auctions can be generalized to attain efficiency when there are common values, if each buyer's information can be represented as a one-dimensional signal. When a buyer's information is multidimensional, no auction is generally efficient. Nevertheless, in a broad class of cases, our auction is <it>constrained-efficient</it> in the sense of being efficient subject to incentive constraints.
Xenon preconditioning: molecular mechanisms and biological effects (2013)

Xenon is one of noble gases and has been recognized as an anesthetic for more than 50 years. Xenon possesses many of the characteristics of an ideal anesthetic, but it is not widely applied in clinical practice mainly because of its high cost. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated that xenon as an anesthetic can exert neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects in different models. Moreover, xenon has been applied in the preconditioning, and the neuroprotective and cardioprotective effects of xenon preconditioning have been investigated in a lot of studies in which some mechanisms related to these protections are proposed. In this review, we summarized these mechanisms and the biological effects of xenon preconditioning.
Measurement of the piezomagnetic modulus of a field annealed amorphous metal ribbon (1987)

The piezomagnetic modulus of a field-annealed amorphous metal ribbon has been investigated by measuring the stress-induced magnetization fluctuations. A well defined high frequency stress was applied to the ribbon by adhering it to a resonating piezoelectric plate and the resultant magnetization fluctuations were detected with a pick-up coil. Measurements were conducted over an applied field of 0 to ± 13 Oe. The experimental arrangement is also amenable to the measurement of the magnetic susceptibility.
Can Armrests Improve Comfort and Task Performance in Laparoscopic Surgery? (2006)

The use of armrests in simulated laparoscopic surgery brings measurable comfort and task performance benefits, which could transfer to actual surgical procedures.
Differentiation Between Classic and Atypical Meningiomas with Use of Diffusion Tensor Imaging (2008)

DTI showed that intratumoral microscopic water motion is less organized in classic than in atypical meningiomas. This feature may allow for noninvasive differentiation between classic and atypical meningiomas.
Utilization of fractionated soluble egg antigens reveals selectively modulated granulomatous and lymphokine responses during murine schistosomiasis mansoni (1992)

Worm eggs deposited in the livers and intestines of Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice secrete soluble egg antigens (SEA) and induce T cell-mediated circumoval granulomas. In the present study, we fractionated crude SEA by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and tested the fractions for granuloma elicitation and lymphokine production at different stages of the infection. SEA fraction-coupled beads were used to elicit artificial pulmonary granulomas. Acutely infected mice responded with granulomas to seven fractions (less than 21-, 25- to 30-, 32- to 38-, 60- to 66-, 70- to 90-, 93- to 125-, and greater than 200-kDa fractions) of SEA, whereas chronically infected mice responded to four fractions (60- to 66-, 70- to 90-, 93- to 125-, and greater than 200-kDa fractions). In response to both crude and fractionated SEA, granuloma T cells produced high levels of gamma interferon at the preacute (6-week) stage of infection, but production subsequently diminished. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 production peaked at the acute (8-week) stage of infection and concurrently decreased at the chronic (20-week) stage. At the acute stage of the infection, the granulomagenic SEA fractions also elicited IL-2 and IL-4 production; at the chronic stage, IL-2 production and, to a lesser degree, IL-4 production corresponded to SEA fractions that elicited granulomas. Isolated SEA proteins from the 32- to 38-kDa fraction demonstrated differential lymphokine responses: predominant gamma interferon and IL-2 production was elicited by the 32-kDa fraction, whereas the 35- and 38-kDa proteins elicited predominant gamma interferon and IL-4 production. However, all three proteins elicited granuloma formation. The present study reveals changes in granulomatous responses to SEA fractions during the acute and chronic stages of the infection as well as distinct phases of gamma interferon, IL-2, and IL-4 lymphokine production throughout the infection. Based on these results, it is concluded that granuloma formation and IL-2 and IL-4 production are interrelated.
Comparison of Glycerol, Other Polyols, Trehalose, and Raffinose to Provide a Defined Cryoprotectant Medium for Mouse Sperm Cryopreservation (1998)

Most procedures for mouse sperm cryopreservation have utilized raffinose to provide hypertonicity for cell desiccation prior to freezing and glycerol to block intracellular ice formation. Trehalose has been shown in other cell systems to provide positive protection to the plasma membrane and so was examined as a replacement for raffinose. Comparison of 3 and 6% glycerol and 7.5 and 20% sugar showed that 6% glycerol and 7.5% sugar gave maximal protection consistently and so were adopted as standard. Comparison of raffinose and trehalose at this concentration showed trehalose to give significantly better recovery of intact cells: 48 +/- 6% for trehalose, 36 +/- 9% for raffinose (+/- SE, n = 5; arc sine transformed data; P < 0.01). Less hydrophilic polyols should prove more permeant to the membrane than glycerol, enter the cell rapidly, and so possibly inhibit lethal intracellular ice formation effectively. We hypothesized that one of these polyols plus glycerol would be a more effective cryoprotectant than glycerol alone. The polyols tested as supplements to 6% glycerol were propane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, 1,1,1-tris-(hydroxymethyl)ethane (THME), and 2-ethyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)-propane-1,3-diol (EHMP). With 6% glycerol and 7.5% raffinose or trehalose, the two diols and THME gave less cryoprotection than with glycerol alone, and EHMP reduced postthaw membrane integrity to nil, thus invalidating the hypothesis. Comparison of bicarbonate-containing medium MJB to bicarbonate-free medium NTP, both with 6% glycerol/7.5% trehalose, showed no difference in recovery of membrane-intact cells. For ease of pH maintenance, NTP was chosen for studies of addition prefreeze and removal postthaw of 6% glycerol/7.5% trehalose cryoprotectant with in vitro fertilization as endpoint. Three protocols for cryoprotectant handling were tested: serial addition/dilution; dialysis addition and removal; and dialysis addition and direct insemination without cryoprotectant removal. The last proved significantly superior (P < 0.01), giving 62% fertilized eggs, normalized to controls, compared to 21% for dialysis addition and removal and 32% for serial addition and dilution. The glycerol/trehalose combination thus provides a defined cryoprotectant which, when used with addition by dialysis prefreeze and direct insemination postthaw, yields a satisfactory yield of fertilized eggs in an in vitro fertilization system.