gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New types of high efficiency solar cells based on <i>a</i>-Si (1983)

Three types of new structure a-Si solar cells having more than 9% efficiency are presented. The first one has a high optical reflection back electrode metal alloyed with optically transparent n-type μc-Si deposited on the conventional glass substrate a-SiC/a-Si heterojunction solar cell. The second type structure is an inverted p-i-n solar cell having Ag/TiO2/a-Si metal-insulator-semiconductor type back surface electrode which more efficiently collects longer wavelength photocarriers just above the band edge. The third structure demonstrated here has a-Si/polycrystalline tandem junction to pick up the energy of longer wavelength photons passing through the front side of the a-Si solar cell. All key technologies proposed here are practical and offer more promised real alternatives for the fabrication of high efficiency a-Si solar cells.
Line-Scan Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques for Food Safety and Quality Applications (2017)

Hyperspectral imaging technologies in the food and agricultural area have been evolving rapidly over the past 15 years owing to tremendous interest from both academic and industrial fields. Line-scan hyperspectral imaging is a major method that has been intensively researched and developed using different physical principles (e.g., reflectance, transmittance, fluorescence, Raman, and spatially resolved spectroscopy) and wavelength regions (e.g., visible (VIS), near infrared (NIR), and short-wavelength infrared (SWIR)). Line-scan hyperspectral imaging systems are mainly developed and used for surface inspection of food and agricultural products using area or line light sources. Some of these systems can also be configured to conduct spatially resolved spectroscopy measurements for internal or subsurface food inspection using point light sources. This paper reviews line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques, with introduction, demonstration, and summarization of existing and emerging techniques for food and agricultural applications. The main topics include related spectroscopy techniques, line-scan measurement methods, hardware components and systems, system calibration methods, and spectral and image analysis techniques. Applications in food safety and quality are also presented to reveal current practices and future trends of line-scan hyperspectral imaging techniques.
类型学与传统:弥尔顿的《失乐园》对圣经的再现 (2007)

本文以类型学的方法重新表述了弥尔顿《失乐园》中的圣经故事。类型学是一种话语方式,见于诸多基督教传统诗作,它远不止是一种释义模式,还能使一首诗成为可望,通过这首诗,生活在耶稣纪元之后的人们凭借自身的朦胧经验和体验,可能察觉出自己如何参与了身置其中的历史的末世之真。类型诗意欲将自己纳入传统之中,同时又将传统吸收进来。弥尔顿论述中有不少传统成分,但他在自己的诗作中重新表述圣经故事的方式,反映出作者必然的抗争,而这种必然是由那些现代意识正在萌生的散漫秩序所赋予的。该诗致力于使一系列丰富的早期资料在新时代的转型中发挥其重要功能,它义无反顾地承担了这一重任,然而最终获得的历史性中介却极不可靠。
Development of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystal and Nanoring Inks for Low-Cost Solar Cells (2008)

The creation of a suitable inorganic colloidal nanocrystal ink for use in a scalable coating process is a key step in the development of low-cost solar cells. Here, we present a facile solution synthesis of chalcopyrite CuInSe 2 nanocrystals and demonstrate that inks based on these nanocrystals can be used to create simple solar cells, with our first cells exhibiting an efficiency of 3.2% under AM1.5 illumination. We also report the first solution synthesis of uniform hexagonal shaped single crystals CuInSe 2 nanorings by altering the synthesis parameter.
Heterologous Expression and Structural Characterisation of a Pyrazinone Natural Product Assembly Line (2012)

Through a number of strategies nonribosomal peptide assembly lines give rise to a metabolic diversity not possible by ribosomal synthesis. One distinction within nonribosomal assembly is that products are elaborated on an enzyme-tethered substrate, and their release is enzyme catalysed. Reductive release by NAD(P)H-dependent catalysts is one observed nonribosomal termination and release strategy. Here we probed the selectivity of a terminal reductase domain by using a full-length heterologously expressed nonribosomal peptide synthetase for the dipeptide aureusimine and were able to generate 17 new analogues. Further, we generated an X-ray structure of aureusimine terminal reductase to gain insight into the structural details associated with this enzymatic domain.
Interaction of immunoglobulins with liposomes. (1974)

Liposomes were used as model targets to test the effect of immunoglobulins on biomembranes. Heat-aggregated immunoglobulins (Ig) exceeded native immunoglobulins in their capacity to release anions and glucose from model liposomes (either lecithin-dicetyl-phosphate-cholesterol or lecithin-stearylamine-cholesterol in molar ratios of 7:2:1). This interaction was not dependent upon the presence of cholesterol in the membrane. Mild heat-aggregation (10 min at 61.5 degrees C) increased the membrane-perturbing activity of certain Ig. Activity varied among classes and subclasses: IgG1 > pooled IgG > IgG4 > IgA1 > IgG3. IgG2, IgA2 and IgM were inert. Fc fragments of IgG were as active as IgG1, whereas Fab fragments were inactive. Prolonging aggregation to 60 min destroyed the activity of Ig. Membrane-activity could not be induced in non-Ig molecules (such as bovine serum albumin) by 10 or 60 min heat-aggregation. Density gradient centrifugation of IgG1 molecules indicated that membrane perturbing activity was associated with 15-20-s aggregates. Sepharose 4B chromatography demonstrated preferential interaction between cationic membranes and aggregated Ig, whereas anionic membranes interacted nonselectively with both native and aggregated Ig via salt-like interactions. One explanation for these data is that heat aggregation induces a conformational change in the Fc regions of certain Ig permitting them to interact with liposomes, presumably by enhancing their hydrophobic associations with membrane phospholipids.
An extended IUPAC nomenclature code for polymorphic nucleic acids (2010)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Effect of surge testing on unimpregnated ground insulation of VPI stator coils (2002)

The IEEE 522 guide for testing turn-to-turn insulation in form wound coils for alternating-current machines is currently under working group review, with the intent to eliminate problems in interpretation and application. The guide is written for the testing of fully processed coils, while the motor industry uses the test guide for pre-impregnated vacuum-pressure-impregnated coils wound in the stator core. The impact of applied surge voltages on the ground insulation was investigated using finite-element analysis of stress and testing on actual coils. This paper presents data on surge testing of turn and ground insulation, and discuss some ideas on the use of surge voltages as a quality assurance test.
Uniform spinning sampling gradient electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (2013)

A novel EPRI acquisition which combines spinning gradient acquisition with a uniform sampling distribution was developed. This USS spinning gradient acquisition offers superior SNR and reduced artifacts compared to prior methods enabling potential improvements in speed and quality of EPR imaging in biological applications.
Modeling Public Mood and Emotion: Twitter Sentiment and Socio-Economic Phenomena (2021)

We perform a sentiment analysis of all tweets published on the microblogging platform Twitter in the second half of 2008. We use a psychometric instrument to extract six mood states (tension, depression, anger, vigor, fatigue, confusion) from the aggregated Twitter content and compute a six-dimensional mood vector for each day in the timeline. We compare our results to a record of popular events gathered from media and sources. We find that events in the social, political, cultural and economic sphere do have a significant, immediate and highly specific effect on the various dimensions of public mood. We speculate that large scale analyses of mood can provide a solid platform to model collective emotive trends in terms of their predictive value with regards to existing social as well as economic indicators.
Immunological detection of membrane-associated human luteinizing hormone correlates with gene expression in cultured human cancer and fetal cells (1995)

We have demonstrated the expression of membrane-associated hCG and its subunits and fragments by cells from 78 human cancer cell lines of different types and origins, indicating that such expression is a common phenotypic characteristic of cultured human malignant cells. Because human (h) LH beta has 80% homology with hCG beta and is coded by one of the seven genes in the gene cluster located in chromosome 19, it was important to determine whether hLH and its beta-subunit are also expressed as membrane-associated proteins by cells from human cancer cell lines. Thus, 11 cancer cell lines of different types and origins were adapted to grow in serumless medium, with Nutridoma-HU or SP as serum substitute, and analyzed by flow cytometry using two monoclonal antibodies directed to different conformational epitopes of intact hLH and a monoclonal antibody reacting with an epitope of hLH beta-free. The cells were also analyzed simultaneously for the expression of hCG and its subunits and fragments. Determination of translatable levels of hLH beta and hCG beta messenger RNAs (mRNAs) was performed in cells from some of the cancer cell lines, including the JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cell line, and in cells from a human fetal lung cell line. The analytical flow cytometry studies showed that in addition to the expression of membrane-associated hCG in all of its forms, expression of membrane-associated intact (holo) hLH and its free beta-subunit occurred in every case. These findings were corroborated by the presence of translatable levels of hLH beta and hCG beta mRNAs in all of the cancer cell lines analyzed, indicating that the expression of these membrane-associated glycoproteins is a phenotypic characteristic of human cancer cells and that the activation of the hCG beta-hLH beta gene cluster is nonselective. The presence of translatable levels of hCG beta-hLH beta mRNAs in the cultured human fetal lung cells punctuates once more the in vivo and in vitro biochemical similarities between fetal and cancer cells.
Effects of the size and filler loading on the properties of copper‐ and silver‐nanoparticle‐filled epoxy composites (2011)

Abstract Copper‐nanoparticle (CuNP)‐filled nanocomposites were prepared with various particle sizes and loadings. The nanocomposites incorporating 20‐nm CuNPs with 5 vol % loading displayed optimum properties as determined by electrical, mechanical, and thermal characterization. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with a size of 20 nm were loaded into the epoxy resin to allow a comparison of the properties. Interestingly, at the percolation threshold, a 5 vol % loading of CuNP and AgNP nanocomposites resulted in slightly similar electrical conductivities of 0.01 and 0.02 S/cm, respectively. The CuNP and AgNP nanocomposites were also subjected to thermal aging at 150°C, and we observed that the electrical conductivity of both nanocomposites dropped only by about one order of magnitude after 8 weeks of exposure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Algorithm 879 (2008)

Eigentest is a package that produces real test matrices with known eigensystems. A test matrix, called an eigenmat, is generated in a factored form, in which the user can specify the eigenvalues and has some control over the condition of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. An eigenmat A of order n requires only O ( n ) storage for its representation. Auxiliary programs permit the computation of ( A − sI ) b , ( A − sI ) T b , ( A − sI ) −1 b , and ( A − sI ) −T b in O ( n ) operations. A special routine computes specified eigenvectors of an eigenmat and the condition of its eigenvalue. Thus eigenmats are suitable for testing algorithms based on Krylov sequences, as well as others based on matrix-vector products. This article introduces the eigenmat and describes implementations in Fortran 77, Fortran 95, C, and Matlab.
Two strategies for PCB soil remediation: Biodegradation and surfactant extraction (1989)

Abstract Two strategies for the cleanup of PCB‐contaminated soils are being developed: biodegradation by selected bacteria and extraction with aqueous surfactant solutions. Extensive biodegradation has been demonstrated by Pseudomonas putida strain LB400 in studies with Aroclor‐spiked laboratory soil and soil from a New York State site containing 525 ppm of transformed Aroclor 1242 (depleted of di‐ and trichlorobiphenyls). Solutions of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate can extract PCB from soils. A bench‐scale process with four countercurrent stages effected the cleanup of a heavy clayey soil. The PCB was recovered from the surfactant solution by precipitation with calcium chloride, reducing the mass of contaminated material to 3% of the original soil mass.
Serum Levels of Type I and III Procollagen Fragments in Paget's Disease of Bone* (1984)

Patients with Paget's disease of bone were found to have elevated serum levels of type I procollagen carboxy-terminal peptide (pColl-I-C) which correlated with other measurements of disease activity. The elevated levels of pColl-I-C decreased within hours after the injection of salmon calcitonin and within weeks after oral dichloromethylene diphosphonate treatment. The decrease in serum pColl-I-C after a single injection of salmon calcitonin was associated with a decrease in urinary hydroxyproline excretion, both of which rose toward pretreatment values within 7 h. The pColl-I-C levels remained normal for months after dichloromethylene diphosphonate therapy was discontinued. Using a RIA for the type III procollagen amino-terminal peptide (pColl-III-N), it was found that serum levels were also elevated in patients with Paget's disease. The levels of pColl-III-N alsodecreased after the injection of salmon calcitonin, but not to the same extent as those of pColl-I-C. After chronic therapy with dichloromethylene diphosphonate, serum levels of pColl-III-N decreased, but not into the normal range. We postulate that whereas pColl-I-C is derived from synthesis of mineralized bone collagen, pColl-III-N is derived from the loose fibrous stroma replacing marrow in areas closely associated with active Pagetic bone disease.
TLR7 Promotes Tumor Progression, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Poor Clinical Outcomes in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2014)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize pathogen molecules and danger-associated signals that stimulate inflammatory processes. TLRs have been studied mainly in antigen-presenting cells, where they exert important immune regulatory functions, but they are also expressed by epithelial tumor cells, where they have been implicated in tumor progression. In this study, we demonstrate that the injection of TLR7 agonist in NOD/SCID mice, in C57BL/6 wild-type, and TLR7-deficient mice grafted with lung adenocarcinoma tumor cells leads to increased tumor progression and chemotherapeutic resistance. In patients with non-small cell lung cancer, expression analyses revealed that high TLR7 expression was strongly associated with resistance to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and poor clinical outcomes. Our findings delineate a crucial role for TLR7 in lung cancer physiopathology. Cancer Res; 74(18); 5008-18. ©2014 AACR.
Aqueous Polymer Two-Phase Systems for the Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Membranes from Minute Brain Samples (2007)

Comprehensive knowledge about the plasma membrane protein profile of a given brain region, at defined developmental stages, will greatly foster the understanding of brain function and dysfunction. Protocols are required which selectively enrich plasma membranes from small brain regions, thereby resulting in high yields. Here, we present a suitable protocol that is based on aqueous polymer two-phase systems. It is material saving, easy to perform, fast, and low-priced. Evidence for its effectiveness was obtained by marker enzyme assays, immunoblot analyses, and mass spectrometry. Plasma membranes from all parts of the cells (somata, dendrites, and axons) were enriched, whereas there was a reduction of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum. The total of 15.0% of the initial activity of the plasma membrane marker was recovered, while the activity of the mitochondrial marker and the marker for the endoplasmic reticulum was 0.2% of the initial activity. Mass spectrometric analyses of proteins purified from approximately one-fourth of rat cerebellum (i.e., 80 mg of tissue) resulted in the identification of 525 different proteins, with 27.3% (gene ontology) or 38.2% (gene cards) being allocated to the plasma membrane. When accepting 4.7% of the initial mitochondrial marker activity and 2.9% of the initial activity of the marker for the endoplasmic reticulum as contaminations, the yield of the plasma membrane marker increased to 28.8%. Under these conditions, 586 different proteins were identified by mass spectrometry, 26.1-36.5% of which were plasma membrane proteins. Taken together, our protocol represents a powerful tool for the analysis of the plasma membrane subproteome of distinct brain regions.
Bend loss for channel plasmon polaritons (2006)

Using near-field optical microscopy, the authors investigate propagation of channel plasmon polaritons excited in the wavelength range of 1425–1640nm along smoothly bent and split V-shaped grooves milled in a gold film. We find that for 0.6-μm-wide and 1.1-μm-deep grooves bent with the smallest curvature radius of ≅0.83μm, the double bend (for S bends) and splitting (for Y splitters) losses decrease for longer wavelengths approaching (in the wavelength range of 1600–1640nm) the levels of ∼0 and 0.5dB, respectively.
Improved nested-threshold-cell-discard buffer management mechanisms (2003)

Nested threshold cell discarding (NTCD) is a simple asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network congestion control mechanism, well suited for high-speed applications. Its drawback is that it can unnecessarily discard some cells. The authors propose two modifications of NTCD, called nested threshold cell discarding with suspended execution (NTCD/SE) and dual queue nested threshold cell discarding (DQ-NTCD), that overcome shortcomings of the original NTCD mechanism while retaining its benefits. Their performance is analyzed and compared with the NTCD. The results are obtained by means of discrete event simulation with sequentially controlled precision of steady-state estimates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dual-wavelength continuous-wave cascade oscillation at 3 and 2 µm with a holmium-doped fluoride-glass fiber laser (1998)

We have demonstrated dual-wavelength continuous-wave oscillation at 3 and 2 mum with a Ho-doped ZrF(4)- BaF(2)- LaF(3)- AlF(3)- NaF fluoride-glass fiber laser by use of a cascade oscillation scheme. We have shown that the fiber laser operates with a high slope efficiency of 52% (at 3 and 2microm) with respect to the absorbed pump power. With a 6.5-m-long fiber we achieved an output power of 90 mW at each of the wavelengths that was limited only by the pump power, and the 3-microm output power is to our knowledge higher than any previously reported level with 3-mum Ho(3+) -doped fiber lasers.
Alteration of arginine-128 to alanine abolishes the ability of human O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase to repair methylated DNA but has no effect on its reaction with O6-benzylguanine (1995)

O6-Alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) is a DNA repair protein that removes the promutagenic O6-methylguanine lesion from DNA. In order to obtain more information about the mechanism of action of AGT, two conserved residues in a putative DNA binding domain were changed by site-directed mutagenesis, and the abilities of the mutant proteins to bind to DNA, to repair methylated DNA, and to convert O6-benzylguanine to guanine were examined. The alteration of arginine-128 to alanine (R128A) reduced the AGT activity toward methylated DNA substrates by a factor of more than 1000 but did not decrease the rate of reaction with O6-benzylguanine. The change of residue tyrosine-114 to glutamic acid (Y114E) completely abolished the ability to repair O6-methylguanine in DNA in the assays used showing that this was reduced by > 15,000-fold, but the ability to convert O6-benzylguanine to guanine was reduced by only 60-fold. Alteration of this residue to alanine (Y114A) reduced activity toward methylated DNA by > 1000-fold and toward O6-benzylguanine by about 80-fold. Neither the R128A nor the Y114E mutant AGT were able to compete with the control AGT for the repair of methylated DNA whereas the inactive mutant, C145A, in which the cysteine acceptor site is changed to alanine, competed effectively in this assay. These results suggest that the residues arginine-128 and tyrosine-114 are involved in the DNA binding properties of the AGT. The ability of the AGT proteins to form stable complexes with DNA was therefore examined by measuring the retardation of DNA during electrophoresis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Algorithms for position fixing using pulse arrival times (1999)

A general equation covering the calculation of position in synchronous, hyperbolic and bistatic fixing systems is derived. It is shown that the least-squares estimate of position for this quadratic problem is the solution of a system of linear equations depending on a parameter which satisfies a polynomial. For small errors, setting the parameter to zero gives a good approximation to the optimum solution. It is shown that this solution is equivalent to a previously published sub-optimum linear solution. The performance of a three-receiver system in two dimensions is used to demonstrate the results.
Study on internal pressure measurement of vacuum interrupter (2002)

In order to measure the internal pressure by the traditional magnetron method, the vacuum tubes must be detached from interrupters and put into a solenoid coil. Thus, when the interrupters are to be refitted, their mechanical parameters must be readjusted by professional workers. In this paper, a new type of magnet coil is developed. Putting this coil onto the vacuum tube's side, and without detaching the vacuum tube from the interrupter, we can measure the internal pressure of the vacuum tube by the magnetron discharge method. Meanwhile, the measuring sensitivity of internal pressure is improved by an application of 80C196 micro-controller. Furthermore, the on-line detection of the internal pressure is a hard nut to crack. In this paper, by detecting the potential of the shield with a Pockels electric fields sensor, an on-line internal pressure detecting system is developed, and its mechanism is discussed.
High-Level Petri Nets (1984)

This paper combines two closely related net models, predicate/transition nets and coloured Petri nets, into a new net model called high-level Petri nets. The new model is intended to combine the qualities of the two old models into a single formalism, and we propose in the future to use high-level Petri nets instead of both predicate/transition nets and coloured Petri nets.
Could Toxoplasma gondii Have any Role in Alzheimer Disease? (2010)

Our findings suggest that toxoplasma infection may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of AD. If confirmed, a positive correlation between toxoplasmosis and AD may lead to new approaches for the management of AD.