gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arginine <i>N</i>-Methyltransferase 1 Is Required for Early Postimplantation Mouse Development, but Cells Deficient in the Enzyme Are Viable (2000)

Protein arginine N-methyltransferases have been implicated in a variety of processes, including cell proliferation, signal transduction, and protein trafficking. In this study, we have characterized essentially a null mutation induced by insertion of the U3betaGeo gene trap retrovirus into the second intron of the mouse protein arginine N-methyltransferase 1 gene (Prmt1). cDNAs encoding two forms of Prmt1 were characterized, and the predicted protein sequences were found to be highly conserved among vertebrates. Expression of the Prmt1-betageo fusion gene was greatest along the midline of the neural plate and in the forming head fold from embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) to E8.5 and in the developing central nervous system from E8.5 to E13.5. Homozygous mutant embryos failed to develop beyond E6.5, a phenotype consistent with a fundamental role in cellular metabolism. However, Prmt1 was not required for cell viability, as the protein was not detected in embryonic stem (ES) cell lines established from mutant blastocysts. Low levels of Prmt1 transcripts (approximately 1% of the wild-type level) were detected as assessed by a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay. Total levels of arginine N-methyltransferase activity and asymmetric N(G), N(G)-dimethylarginine were reduced by 85 and 54%, respectively, while levels of hypomethylated substrates were increased 15-fold. Prmt1 appears to be a major type I enzyme in ES cells, and in wild-type cells, most substrates of the enzyme appear to be maintained in a fully methylated state.
Quantum-Inspired Optimization of Echo State Networks Applied to System Identification (2018)

Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithms (QIEA) represent an efficient alternative to the traditional genetic algorithms, being capable of finding good solutions with smaller populations. Echo State Networks (ESNs) are a simple and efficient implementation of the Reservoir Computing framework. The use of this kind of networks in system identification is advantageous due to its intrinsic dynamic behavior and fast training procedure. However, ESNs have global parameters that should be tuned in order to improve their performance in a determined task. Besides, the random generation of the reservoir weights of these networks may not be ideal in terms of performance. Thus, this work presents a method that automatically defines an ESN for system identification problems by using a real coded QIEA (QIEA-R) in a two-phase optimization procedure. The QIEA-R firstly searches for the best global parameters of an ESN; then, on a second stage, optimizes some of its reservoir weights. In two benchmark problems for system identification, the proposed method overcame the performance of a randomly generated ESN with the same global parameters and has presented comparable and, in most cases, better accuracy results in comparison to some methods which were applied to the same datasets.
DNA Synthesis in Temperature Sensitive Mutants of Escherichia coli (1968)

One of the characteristics of the control mechanism of the DNA replication in Escherichia coli is that the replication proceeds from a fixed locus by a single growing point in a sequential way (Lark, Repko, and Hoffman, 1963; Cairns, 1963). This control mechanism may be closely related to the fact that the initiation of DNA replication requires the synthesis of certain proteins (Hanawalt, Maaløe, Cummings, and Schaechter, 1961). One possible function of these proteins might be to catalyze the priming reaction necessary for the action of DNA polymerase (Jacob, Brenner, and Cuzin, 1963). In fact, a temperature sensitive mutant has been isolated whose DNA synthesis at 41°C shows the same kinetics as those of wild type in the absence of protein synthesis (Kohiyama, Lanfrom, Brenner, and Jacob, 1963). Preliminary experiments suggested that the function of the DNA polymerase in crude extracts of this temperature sensitive mutant is normal even at...
How Good Is Open-Cell Metal Foam as Heat Transfer Surface? (2009)

High porosity open-cell metal foam is considered to be an attractive choice for compact heat exchanger applications because of its high area density and superior thermal performance. A systematic study has been made in the present article to verify the suitability of the porous material as an extended heat transfer surface. The area goodness (j/f) factor has been chosen as performance evaluation criterion. This governing parameter has been computed using the existing correlations for the heat transfer and pressure drop coefficients. Conservative estimate shows that the thermohydraulic characteristics of high porosity open-cell metal foam are almost alike, if not better than those of the conventional heat transfer surfaces. Importantly, the analysis has been found to be consistent with the Reynolds analogy. This study helps the designer in making the initial selection of foam surfaces for the heat exchanger application.
Prediction of Incident Heart Failure in General Practice (2012)

The ARIC HF risk score is more parsimonious yet performs slightly better than the extant risk scores in predicting 10-year risk of incident HF. The inclusion of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide markedly improves HF risk prediction. A simplified risk score restricted to a patient's age, race, sex, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide performs comparably to the full score (area under curve, 0.745) and is suitable for automated reporting from laboratory panels and electronic medical records.
Development of a high curing latency no-flow underfill with self-fluxing ability for lead-free solder interconnects (2004)

Tin-lead solders have been used as joining materials in the electronics industry for many years. As present there are great concerns about the potential harm of lead-containing solders to human beings and many efforts have been made to remove the lead from the electronics packages. However, there is no no-flow underfill currently on the market that is compatible with the lead-free solder. In this study, a new no-flow underfill for flip chip bumped with lead-free solder has been developed based on a curing agent and catalysts with high curing latency. The curing agent itself has the fluxing ability, so the need of extra flux is eliminated. Compared with the underfill for lead-containing solder, the new underfill has a higher curing temperature, compatible with the melting profile of lead-free solder. The wetting compatibility of the underfill with the lead-free solder has been studied by wetting experiments. The material properties of the underfill have been investigated using DSC, TGA, TMA and DMA. The results show that the newly developed underfill material has the potential to be used in lead-free interconnects.
Ethos and Morality (1985)

Summary In this paper I inquire by way of a phenomenological description whether the experience of an encounter with one's own mortality could not so transform a person's ethos that the virtues of justice, compassion and neighborly love could ensue. I will concentrate on such an encounter in and through the mood of dread. This paper, in opposition to Heidegger, is only concerned with it's effect regarding our ethical comportment. I claim that the mood of dread not only destroys the mood of indifference, but also sends him on a pathway of self-transforming moods. As to the “understanding” accompanying moods in the field of ethical comportment I try to show that it has the character of a direct non-ratiocinative insight. Résumé Je voudrais dans cet article examiner, à l'aide d'une description phénoménologique, si l'expérience que constitue la rencontre avec la perspective de sa propre mort ne peut pas transformer l'éthique d'un homme de telle manière que les vertus de justice, de pitié et de reconnaissance de la dignité humaine puissent s'y développer. Je me limite ici à une telle rencontre avec un sentiment d'horreur. Cet article n'aborde — contrairement à la manière dont Heidegger conçoit l'angoisse — que l'effet sur le comportement éthique. Je suis d'avis que le sentiment d'horreur non seulement détruit celui d'indifférence, mais dispose l'homme à vouloir se changer lui-me̊me. Quant à la »compréhension« des sentiments accompagnant le comportement éthique, je montre qu'elle a le caractère d'une intuition immédiate et non rationnelle. Zusammenfassung In diesem Aufsatz möchte ich auf dem Wege einer phänomenologischen Beschreibung untersuchen, ob die Erfahrung einer Begegnung mit der eigenen Sterblichkeit das Ethos eines Menschen nicht so verwandeln kann, dass sich die Tugenden von Gerechtigkeit, Mitleid und mitmenschlicher Anerkennung entwickeln können. Ich beschränke mich dabei auf eine solche Begegnung in der und durch die Gestimmtheit des Entsetzens. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert — im Gegensatz zu Heideggers Auffassung der Angst — nur die Wirkung auf unser ethisches Verhalten. Ich bin der Auffassung, dass die Gestimmtheit des Entsetzens nicht nur die Stimmung der Gleichgültigkeit zerstört, sondern den Menschen auch auf einen Weg der selbstverändernden Gestimmtheiten sendet. Was das »Verstehen« begleitender Stimmungen im Bereich des ethischen Verhaltens betrifft, so versuche ich zu zeigen, dass dies den Charakter eines unmittelbaren, nicht-rationalen Einsehens hat.
A VLSI interconnection network router using a D-CAM with hidden refresh (2002)

A VLSI implementation of a programmable router scheme for parallel interconnection network architectures is presented in this paper. The router executes routing algorithms in 1.5 clock cycles, this being the fastest approach for flexible routers. To further increase throughput, the router operation has been made pipelined, achieving 1 routing decision per cycle. The implementation is based on a content addressable memory (CAM) that supports per entry unique bit masking. This programmable CAM requires few entries; this in turn makes it possible to implement a dynamic approach in order to reduce the transistor count. We have provided circuitry and arranged timing to achieve refreshing of the stored data in a hidden fashion. In addition to the CAM, we have incorporated a fast priority scheme that allows only one entry to be selected and a memory that stores the port assignment. The number of required CAM entries is extremely small; it is of the same order as the output ports.
Production of α-Galactosylceramide by a Prominent Member of the Human Gut Microbiota (2013)

While the human gut microbiota are suspected to produce diffusible small molecules that modulate host signaling pathways, few of these molecules have been identified. Species of Bacteroides and their relatives, which often comprise >50% of the gut community, are unusual among bacteria in that their membrane is rich in sphingolipids, a class of signaling molecules that play a key role in inducing apoptosis and modulating the host immune response. Although known for more than three decades, the full repertoire of Bacteroides sphingolipids has not been defined. Here, we use a combination of genetics and chemistry to identify the sphingolipids produced by Bacteroides fragilis NCTC 9343. We constructed a deletion mutant of BF2461, a putative serine palmitoyltransferase whose yeast homolog catalyzes the committed step in sphingolipid biosynthesis. We show that the Δ2461 mutant is sphingolipid deficient, enabling us to purify and solve the structures of three alkaline-stable lipids present in the wild-type strain but absent from the mutant. The first compound was the known sphingolipid ceramide phosphorylethanolamine, and the second was its corresponding dihydroceramide base. Unexpectedly, the third compound was the glycosphingolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer(Bf)), which is structurally related to a sponge-derived sphingolipid (α-GalCer, KRN7000) that is the prototypical agonist of CD1d-restricted natural killer T (iNKT) cells. We demonstrate that α-GalCer(Bf) has similar immunological properties to KRN7000: it binds to CD1d and activates both mouse and human iNKT cells both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study reveals BF2461 as the first known member of the Bacteroides sphingolipid pathway, and it indicates that the committed steps of the Bacteroides and eukaryotic sphingolipid pathways are identical. Moreover, our data suggest that some Bacteroides sphingolipids might influence host immune homeostasis.
Practical analysis of stripped binary code (2005)

Executable binary code is the authoritative source of information about program content and behavior. The compile, link, and optimize steps can cause a program's detailed execution behavior to differ substantially from its source code. Binary code analysis is used to provide information about a program's content and structure, and is therefore a foundation of many applications, including binary modification[3,12,22,31], binary translation[5,29], binary matching[30], performance profiling[13,16,18], debugging, extraction of parameters for performance modeling, computer security[7,8] and forensics[23,26]. Ideally, binary analysis should produce information about the content of the program's code (instructions, basic blocks, functions, and modules), structure (control and data flow), and data structures (global and stack variables). The quality and availability of this information affects applications that rely on binary analysis.
Silencing of Genes Flanking the P1 Plasmid Centromere (1999)

Partition modules stabilize bacterial plasmids and chromosomes by actively promoting their segregation into daughter cells. The partition module of plasmid P1 is typical and consists of a centromere site, parS, and genes that encode proteins ParA and ParB. We show that ParB can silence genes flanking parS (to which ParB binds), apparently by polymerizing along the DNA from a nucleation site at parS. Wild-type ParB contacts an extensive region of P1 DNA; silencing-defective ParB proteins, which were found to be partition-defective, are less able to spread. Hence, the silenced structure appears to function in partitioning.
Right hemisphere language functions and schizophrenia: the forgotten hemisphere? (2005)

This review highlights the importance of right hemisphere language functions for successful social communication and advances the hypothesis that the core deficit in psychosis is a failure of segregation of right from left hemisphere functions. Lesion studies of stroke patients and dichotic listening and functional imaging studies of healthy people have shown that some language functions are mediated by the right hemisphere rather than the left. These functions include discourse planning/comprehension, understanding humour, sarcasm, metaphors and indirect requests, and the generation/comprehension of emotional prosody. Behavioural evidence indicates that patients with typical schizophrenic illnesses perform poorly on tests of these functions, and aspects of these functions are disturbed in schizo-affective and affective psychoses. The higher order language functions mediated by the right hemisphere are essential to an accurate understanding of someone's communicative intent, and the deficits displayed by patients with schizophrenia may make a significant contribution to their social interaction deficits. We outline a bi-hemispheric theory of the neural basis of language that emphasizes the role of the sapiens-specific cerebral torque in determining the four-chambered nature of the human brain in relation to the origins of language and the symptoms of schizophrenia. Future studies of abnormal lateralization of left hemisphere language functions need to take account of the consequences of a failure of lateralization of language functions to the right as well as the left hemisphere.
Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in India in rural and urban settings (2010)

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) are of increasing clinical concern in all age groups worldwide. Whilst sepsis continues to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Indian neonates in the community, identification of microbiological attributes in this population is lacking. This population-based study enrolled 1738 infants with a diagnosis of clinical sepsis at four participating centres in India. Each study site conducted Bactec blood culture, identified bacterial species by API test and stored isolates at -70 °C. From 252 GNB isolates, 155 (113 Klebsiella species, 21 Escherichia coli and 21 other) were subjected to drug susceptibility testing, ESBL phenotyping and testing for clonal relatedness of ESBL strains by PFGE. The results demonstrated that Klebsiella species and E. coli are the most common GNB causes of neonatal sepsis in India, and over one-third are ESBL producers in both community and hospital settings. ESBL-producing strains exhibited frequent co-resistance to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin, but remained susceptible to imipenem. PFGE analysis revealed extensive genetic diversity within the ESBL-producing isolates, showing multiple profiles (total of 23). Over 40% of all ESBL-producing isolates formed three pulsed-field profiles (PFP I-III), with PFP-II being the largest cluster (>20% of all ESBL-producing isolates), sharing strains from two distant locations. Identification of a common clone at two geographically distant centres indicated that predominant clones with increased virulence may exist, even in the absence of any clear outbreak. The presence of ESBL-producing strains in community infants with no prior history of hospitalization or antibiotic use dictates heightened vigilance and further studies on the ecology of these organisms.
High&lt;inf&gt;i&lt;/inf&gt;H&lt;inf&gt;c&lt;/inf&gt;perpendicular anisotropy Nd -Fe-B sputtered films (1986)

Film samples of Nd <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Fe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</inf> B which exhibit perpendicular anisotropy have been synthesized by selectively thermalized sputtering onto heated substrates. Minor hysteresis loops measured with fields up to 20 kOe perpendicular to the film plane exhibited a remanent moment of 9.3 kG and an intrinsic coercive force, <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , of 14.8 kOe at room temperature. The easy axis of magnetization was perpendicular to the film plane which correlated with a preferential texturing of the c-axis out of the film plane as observed by x-ray diffraction. Effective large perpendicular anisotropy constants of 1.2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> erg/cc have been observed. Films sputtered at deposition rates lower than 1.8 A/sec exhibited perpendicular anisotropy while those deposited at rates greater than this exhibited in the plane anisotropy.
Chlorine mobility during annealing in N2 in ZrO2 and HfO2 films grown by atomic layer deposition (2002)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) growth of high-κ dielectric films (ZrO2 and HfO2) was performed using ZrCl4, HfCl4, and H2O as precursors. In this work, we use time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to investigate the chlorine distribution in ALD grown ZrO2 and HfO2 films, and its evolution during rapid thermal processes in nitrogen atmosphere. Chlorine outdiffusion is found to depend strongly upon annealing temperature and weakly upon the annealing time. While in ZrO2 chlorine concentration is significantly decreased already at 900 °C, in HfO2 it is extremely stable, even at temperatures as high as 1050 °C.
An investigation into crosstalk noise in DRAM structures (2003)

The 2001 ITRS roadmap predicts continued aggressive progress towards deep submicron linewidths for at least the next 15 years. In this article we describe the results of a simulation study into the effects of crosstalk among DRAM wordlines and bitlines for present and future technology nodes predicted by the roadmap. An analog simulator was used to solve the associated transmission line equations derived from Maxwell's equations in the time domain. Hence, we not only considered interconnect resistances and capacitances, but also inductances and realistic wave propagation effects. The circuit parameters of the simulation models were extracted from standard DRAM geometries implied by the roadmap data. Various bitline-bitline and wordline-wordline coupling scenarios were then studied in simulation. Our results suggest that down until the 22-nm node, single bitline twisting will continue to be effective against bitline-bitline coupling, but that wordline-wordline coupling effects will become more problematic.
Key aspects of multi‐azimuth acquisition and processing (2006)

In this paper we refer specifically to towed streamer seismic where a given survey area would be acquired several times with different acquisition azimuths. While this technique has not been in general use, an increase in the past few years has led to some impressive comparisons (see Kravik et al). As a result of increased use, several key aspects have been adopted for success and are discussed here. In addition, data examples are included to demonstrate potential benefits of this technique.
High energy 3-D nuclear medicine imaging using coded apertures with a conventional gamma camera (2002)

Standard nuclear medicine imaging uses photon collimation and thus suffers from very low sensitivity, especially if high energy (>511 keV) isotopes are to be imaged. Coded aperture techniques use a coded pattern mask instead of a collimator to encode the photon source distribution, thus every photon source contributes to the signal in the whole detector area. It significantly improves the system sensitivity while retaining the spatial resolution of the reconstructed images. The authors have developed coded aperture arrays which are specifically designed for near field imaging, rather than the far field imaging appropriate to X-ray astronomy and have placed an emphasis on reducing sidelobe response in order to increase utility for images with background. The authors have used a cyclic difference set uniformly redundant array as the coded aperture pattern; have conducted imaging experiments for point sources, 2-D sources (sources in a plane with arbitrary distribution), and 3-D sources (sources in 3-D with arbitrary distribution) of 511 keV through phantoms; and have compared the experimental results with those from collimator systems. The coded aperture experiments have been conducted using a Siemens E.CAM gamma/SPECT camera. Results from the authors' experiments show significantly improved sensitivity for a coded aperture imaging system over collimator systems, while retaining reasonable resolution. The authors have demonstrated the possibility of using coded apertures and a conventional gamma camera to image gamma rays of high energy, such as 511 keV, in nuclear medicine.
Reactivity of sera collected from dogs in Mutare, Zimbabwe, to antigens of Ehrlichia canis and Cowdria ruminantium (1994)

Six of 20 sera from apparently healthy dogs in Mutare, Zimbabwe, contained antibodies which were reactive with Cowdria ruminantium and Ehrlichia canis in indirect fluorescent antibody tests at similar titres. In Western blots these sera recognised the immunodominant antigen bands of the two organisms. Sera with high titres (> 1/80) recognised additional antigen bands of each organism. It was not possible to determine whether these dogs had been exposed to C ruminantium, E canis or other Ehrlichia species. In areas where these organisms coexist serological tests for canine ehrlichiosis should be interpreted with caution.