gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humoral Immune Response of the Duck to Duck Hepatitis Virus: Virus-Neutralizing vs. Virus-Precipitating Antibodies (1981)

Ducks were induced to develop high-level duck hepatitis virus (DHV)-neutralizing antibodies by inculation with a chicken-embryo-adapted DHV via subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intratracheal routes. Administration of the DHV orally in a gelatin capsule failed to stimulate immune response in the ducks. Contact controls of these ducks also remained negative for anti-DHV antibodies. These observations indicated that the DHV administered orally, in gelatin capsule, failed to infect the ducks. None of numerous duck anti-DHV immune sera, with virus-neutralizing activity in the range of 1.8 to 5.57 log10 median- embryo-infective-dose (EID50) neutralization index, developed precipitin lines against a variety of DHV preparations tested in low- and high-ionic-strength agar. The results suggest that the agar-gel immunodiffusion test is unsuitable for serologic testing of duck sera for anti-DHV antibody activity. Virus-neutralizing activity was revealed in both immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG classes of sera of actively immunized ducks. Immunodiffusion tests of Sephadex G-200 fractions of 1-day-old duckling sera with monospecific rabbit anti-duck IgM (DIgM) serum failed to detect DIgM. These results demonstrated that the IgM is not being transferred from the dam to the newly hatched ducklings. Seven- and 14-day-old ducks had DIgM in their sera. However, this IgM had no DHV-neutralizing activity, indicating that it was newly developed by the ducklings, which had no active DHV immune response, not having been exposed to DHV.
Advantages of Foxp3<sup>+</sup>regulatory T cell depletion using DEREG mice (2014)

Several mechanisms enable immunological self-tolerance. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a specialized T cell subset that prevents autoimmunity and excessive immune responses, but can also mediate detrimental tolerance to tumors and pathogens in a Foxp3-dependent manner. Genetic tools exploiting the foxp3 locus including bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-transgenic DEREG mice have provided essential information on Treg biology and the potential therapeutic modulation of tolerance. In DEREG mice, Foxp3(+) Tregs selectively express eGFP and diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor, allowing for the specific depletion of Tregs through DT administration. We here provide a detailed overview about important considerations such as DT toxicity, which affects any mouse strain treated with DT, and Treg rebound after depletion. Additionally, we point out the specific advantages of BAC-transgenic DEREG mice including their suitability to study organ-specific autoimmunity such as type I diabetes. Moreover, we discuss recent insights into the role of Tregs in viral infections. In summary, DEREG mice are an important tool to study Treg-mediated tolerance and its therapeutic circumvention.
Risk-Based Candidate Selection Workflow Improve Acid Stimulation Success Ratio in Mature Field (2007)

Abstract In mature, multi layered reservoirs with commingled, dual string, and gravel packed completions, selecting reliable acid stimulation candidates has always been a challenge. Achieving a high success ratio under these conditions requires a risk-based selection process, supported by reservoir understanding and characterization. As the traditional workflow, acid stimulation candidate selection starts with a thorough production performance review. Production history is provided on a string-by-string basis, and nodal analysis modeled based on production performance. Perforation and completions are evaluated to identify any damage. Logs are then reviewed to evaluate mineralogy and petrophysics. In this workflow, candidate selection is refined by reservoir modeling to predict the production gain in field level and production decline prediction. A decision and risk analysis is conducted with a strong emphasis on range of probability evaluates all possible outcomes associated with success and failure ratio. An economic analysis is evaluated based on risk analysis. This workflow is developed and tested in Bokor field, off the coast of Sarawak, Malaysia. After acid stimulation campaigns spanning over 6 reservoirs, the results have yielded to 40% oil production gain. Six strings showed an increment in oil rate, a reduction in water cut and an increase in productivity. Overall, the fine tuned acid job design combined with visco-elastic surfactant diversion technique proved to be effective. This paper presents the comprehensive workflow developed and implemented by the Bokor Project Management Team (BPMT) encompassing all the components necessary to deliver a risk based decision and therefore the optimum results.
Self-pulsations in phonon-assisted lasers (1998)

The observation of stable self-pulsing of a single-transverse-mode alexandrite laser with a Fabry–Perot cavity is reported. This process occurs many times above threshold and depends on the pump wavelength. The novel theoretical model, in which the dynamics of the host lattice phonons is taken into account, is shown to explain this phenomenon. The border of the Hopf bifurcation is found in the plane of two parameters: the intensity and the frequency of the pump laser. In the region where self-pulsations occur they are proved to be the result of the photon–phonon energy pulling.
Catalytic Response and Stability of Nickel/Alumina for the Hydrogenation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural in Water (2016)

The catalytic response of Ni on Al2O3 obtained from Ni-Al layered double hydroxides was studied for the liquid-phase hydrogenation of hydroxymethyl furfural to tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diyldimethanol (THFDM) in water. The successive calcination and reduction of the precursors caused the removal of interlayer hydroxyl and carbonate groups and the reduction of Ni(2+) to Ni(0). Four reduced mixed oxide catalysts were obtained, consisting of different amount of Ni metal contents (47-68 wt%) on an Al-rich amorphous component. The catalytic activity was linked to Ni content whereas selectivity was mainly affected by reaction temperature. THFDM was formed in a stepwise manner at low temperature (353 K) whereas 3-hydroxymethyl cyclopentanone was generated at higher temperature. Coke formation caused deactivation; however, the catalytic activity can be regenerated using heat treatment. The results establish Ni on Al2O3 as a promising catalyst for the production of THFDM in water.
The Effect of Layer-by-Layer Assembly Coating on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells (2014)

Nanocoating of a single-cell with biocompatible materials creates a defined microenvironment for cell differentiation and proliferation, as well as a model for studies in cell biology. In addition, the acidic environment in the tissue of stroke victims necessitates drug release upon pH stimuli. Here, we report the encapsulation of single neural stem cells (NSCs) using a layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique with polyelectrolytes gelatin and alginate. Analysis of the NSCs showed that the LbL encapsulation would not affect the viability, proliferation, or differentiation of the cells. When insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was loaded on the coating material alginate, its release from alginate into the medium presented in a time-dependent and pH-dependent way. IGF-1 significantly enhanced the proliferation of the encapsulated NSCs, demonstrating a drug-carrier function of the LbL single-cell nanocoating. It provided a potential treatment strategy for nervous system disorders such as stroke.
Mitral valve repair: critical analysis of the anatomy discussed (2007)

In this brief review, we discuss the anatomy of the mitral valve pertinent to surgical repair. First, we emphasise the need for diagnosticians to describe the valve in the context of the position of the heart within the body, following the standard rules of anatomy, and using attitudinally appropriate descriptions. It has become customary to describe cardiac structures as if the heart is positioned on its apex. This cannot be good in the current era, when the tomographic techniques increasingly used for diagnosis demonstrate the heart as seen in the body. We then discuss the overall valvar structure in terms of a complex made up of the annulus, the leaflets, their tendinous cords, and the supporting papillary muscles. After providing accounts of the salient structure of each part of the complex, we discuss potentially divisive issues, such as the number of leaflets, and the categorisation of the tendinous cords. We explain how most of the disagreements stem not from differences in observation, but rather from differences in definitions. We suggest that these can largely be dissipated if the valve is analysed in its closed, rather than its open, position. When seen in the closed position, it becomes obvious that the key feature is the solitary zone of apposition between the major components of the skirt of leaflet tissue, this being the major functional part of the valvar complex. Finally, we discuss the relationships of the valvar complex to the other cardiac structures, concentrating on the other cardiac valves, the conduction tissues, and the coronary arteries and veins.
Is Counterregulation of Dieters after Forced Consumption of a Preload Dependent on Mood? (1989)

Abstract The question of whether the counterregulation of dieters after forced consumption of a preload is dependent on mood was examined in a 2 (dieter vs non-dieter) × 2 (happy vs depressed) × 2 (preload vs no-preload) factorial design. Subjects were 83 Dutch housewives (mean age 42 years) who were classified as dieter or non-dieter by the median split score on the Restraint Scale of the Dutch Eating Behavious Questionnaire (DEBQ). A happy or a depressed mood was induced with the aid of music. Half of the subjects were forced to eat a preload. It was hypothesized that forced consumption of a preload will disinhibit the dieter when mood is depressed, but will elicit a normal regulatory reponse when the dieter is happy. It was found that happy dieters did indeed regulate their food consumption normally after a preload. However, depressed dieters also eat marginally less after a preload. Furthermore, the finding that non-dieters never regulated their food intake, neither when happy nor when depressed casts some doubts on the validity of the present findings. The curious results may be due to the relatively high age of the subject sample used. A replication study using a younger subject sample is desirable before firm conclusions can be drawn as to the mood-dependence of counterregulation after a preload.
Polarity effects on wound healing using electric stimulation in rabbits. (1989)

The aims of this study were to examine effects of high-voltage stimulation (HVS) on wound closure, tensile properties, and mitotic activity. Thirty-six rabbits were assigned to experimental (n = 18) or control groups. Each animal was anesthetized and a full-thickness incision, 3.5 cm long, was made on its back. After 24 hours, experimental rabbits received HVS for two hours, twice daily, for seven days. Polarity was negative the first three days and positive thereafter. Wound closure for HVS treated rabbits was 100%, which was significantly better than that of control rabbits (87%). Tensile strength values and mitotic activity for experimental and control rabbits were comparable. Histologic examination of the wounds suggested a more rapid rate of epithelialization in treated rabbits. Results suggest that electric stimulation, as given, augments wound closure.
Ultrafiltration of orange juice: effect on soluble solids, suspended solids, and aroma (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUltrafiltration of orange juice: effect on soluble solids, suspended solids, and aromaErnesto. Hernandez, Chin Shu. Chen, Philip E. Shaw, Robert D. Carter, and Santiago. BarrosCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1992, 40, 6, 986–988Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00018a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (424 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
In vitro effects of β-carotene on human oral keratinocytes from precancerous lesions and squamous carcinoma (1991)

Human keratinocytes, obtained from bioptic specimens of healthy and preneoplastic oral mucosa, and from human cell lines from oral cavity tumors (KB and SCC-25) were treated with beta-carotene (10 microM). The colony forming efficiency (CFE), the proliferation rate and the frequency of micronucleated cells were measured in these cultures. CFE was significantly reduced (p less than 0.05) by beta-carotene treatment in cells from healthy mucosa and in KB cells. Decreases (p greater than 0.05; NS) were also observed in cells from pathological mucosa and in SCC-25 cells. Cell proliferation rate was not substantially affected by beta-carotene in all cultures. Finally, a decreased frequency of micronucleated cells was found in treated cultures, but significant reductions (p less than 0.05) were only observed in cultures from oral mucosa (healthy and pathological) as well as in KB cell cultures. Our results indicate that beta-carotene is able to reduce the clonogenic activity (CFE), even if it does not seem to influence cell proliferation, and that it has a protective effect against genotoxic damage.
Halothane‐Anaesthetized, Closed‐Chest, Guinea‐Pig Model for Assessment of Drug‐Induced QT‐Interval Prolongation (2008)

For the halothane-anaesthetized, closed-chest, guinea-pig model, corrected QT interval (QTc) has been empirically used to estimate the extent of drug-induced QT-interval prolongation. In the present study, we employed an atrial pacing method to clarify a net effect of a drug on the QT interval in this model. The atrial pacing catheter was inserted via the jugular vein with a minimal surgical invasion, and the effects of d-sotalol (0.3 and 3 mg/kg, intravenously) and verapamil (0.01 and 0.1 mg/kg, intravenously) on electrocardiogram parameters were assessed under the sinus rhythm and during the atrial pacing of 200 and 240 beats/min. d-Sotalol significantly prolonged the QT interval in a reverse use-dependent manner and decreased the heart rate, while verapamil prolonged the PR interval without affecting the heart rate or QT interval, indicating the sensitivity and specificity of this model in assessing the pharmacodynamics of the drug-induced QT-interval prolongation. Using the QT/RR relationship under the sinus rhythm, we obtained the following two types of QT-interval correcting formulae; namely, QTc = QT - 0.207(RR - 300) by a linear regression method; and QTc = QT/(RR/300)0.332 by a non-linear regression method, the latter of which is equal to 0.67 times of Fridericia's formula, providing rationale for the use of mathematical correction in this model. Thus, the halothane-anaesthetized, closed-chest, guinea-pig model may be highly useful for assessing the drug-induced QT-interval prolongation, which may become an alternative to current models for the in vivo QT assay.
Unsupervised anchor space generation for similarity measurement of general audio (2008)

Reliably measuring similarity between audio clips is critical to many applications. As opposed to the conventional way of measuring audio similarity using low-level features directly, in this paper we consider the similarity computation using an anchor space. Each dimension of such a space corresponds to a semantic category (anchor). Mapping an audio clip onto this space results in a vector, which indicates the membership probability of this audio clip with respect to each semantic category. The more similar the mappings of two audio clips, the more similar they are. While an anchor space is typically generated in a supervised fashion, supervised approach is infeasible in many realistic scenarios where audio content semantics is too diverse or simply unknown a priori. We therefore propose an unsupervised approach to anchor space generation. There, spectral clustering is employed to cluster the audio clips with similar low-level features and then the obtained clusters are adopted as semantic categories. Using this semantic space for audio similarity computation shows a considerable accuracy improvement (7% on mAP) in an audio retrieval system, compared with the conventional low-level feature based approach.
Optimized CEST cardiovascular magnetic resonance for assessment of metabolic activity in the heart (2016)

The proposed CEST CMR technique was developed to address long scan times, respiratory and cardiac motion, and B<sub>0</sub> field variations. Lower CEST signal in bright region of the LGE image is consistent with the fact that myocardial infarction has reduced metabolic activity.
Latent Infection of Sensory Ganglia with Herpes Simplex Virus: Efficacy of Immunization (1975)

Mice were used to test the efficacy of active immunization in preventing latent infection of local sensory ganglia that follows inoculation of superficial epithelial surfaces with herpes simplex virus. Substantial but not complete protection was observed in animals immunized and challenged with herpes simplex virus type 1, but no protection was noted in animals immunized and challenged with herpes simplex virus type 2. Latent ganglionic infection can develop in immunized animals despite the presence of high titers of neutralizing antibody.
Automated control for elastic n-tier workloads based on empirical modeling (2011)

Elastic n-tier applications have non-stationary workloads that require adaptive control of resources allocated to them. This presents not only an opportunity in pay-as-you-use clouds, but also a challenge to dynamically allocate virtual machines appropriately. Previous approaches based on control theory, queuing networks, and machine learning work well for some situations, but each model has its own limitations due to inaccuracies in performance prediction. In this paper we propose a multi-model controller, which integrates adaptation decisions from several models, choosing the best. The focus of our work is an empirical model, based on detailed measurement data from previous application runs. The main advantage of the empirical model is that it returns high quality performance predictions based on measured data. For new application scenarios, we use other models or heuristics as a starting point, and all performance data are continuously incorporated into the empirical model's knowledge base. Using a prototype implementation of the multi-model controller, a cloud testbed, and an n-tier benchmark (RUBBoS), we evaluated and validated the advantages of the empirical model. For example, measured data show that it is more effective to add two nodes as a group, one for each tier, when two tiers approach saturation simultaneously.
Comparison of Niblack inspired binarization methods for ancient documents (2008)

In this paper, we present a new sliding window based local thresholding technique 'NICK' and give a detailed comparison of some existing sliding-window based thresholding algorithms with our method. The proposed method aims at achieving better binarization results, specifically, for ancient document images. NICK has been inspired from the Niblack's binarization method and exhibits its robustness and effectiveness when evaluated on low quality ancient document images.
Selective depletion of human natural killer cells on monolayers of target cells. (1980)

The specificity of human natural killer (NK) cells recently has been evaluated by examining direct cytotoxic reactions against a variety of target cells and by cold target inhibition assays. Although these studies have provided evidence for the multiplicity of NK antigens, they did not indicate whether NK cells were heterogeneous, with subpopulations recognizing different specificities. We have examined this issue by using a tumor cell-monolayer adsorption technique that allowed the removal of NK-reactive cells by adsorption to monolayers of various NK-sensitive target cells. After depletion of cells capable of binding to a particular monolayer, the remaining cells were tested for cytotoxicity against a panel of 5 target cells. With several donors, the monolayers were effective in depleting most or all reactivity against the same target cell but only removed a portion of reactivity against some other target cells. The patterns of reactivity after adsorption, although varying among the donors, were consistent upon repeat testing of the same donor. To account for the reactivities of the various donors that remained after adsorption, it was necessary to postulate at least 7 antigenic specificities. These results indicate that human NK cells may be heterogeneous, with each subpopulation recognizing different antigenic specificities on target cells.
Blocking Unsolicited Voice Calls Using Decoys for the IMS (2007)

Spam has been a serious problem for email causing frustration and annoyances to customers. This problem is growing at a fast rate with no signs of abating. Another form of spam that has just surfaced is VoIP spam called SPIT (Spam over Internet Telephony). Currently, VoIP has seen an increasing number of users due to the cheap rates. With the introduction of the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), the number of VoIP users are expected to increase dramatically. Recent solutions proposed to block SPIT have the following shortcomings: restricting the users to trusted senders, causing delays in voice call set-up, reducing the efficiency of the system, and requiring dramatic changes in the protocols being used. We propose a decoying system to ban SPIT senders. This decoying system for the IMS, fits well with the existing protocol structure, and customers are oblivious of its operation. Additionally, the decoying method causes no delays in voice call set-up. Further, we will implement a test bed for proof of concept and test robustness of the design.
Three-level fiber laser amplifier: a theoretical model (1988)

A theoretical analysis of a three-level fiber laser amplifier in the small-signal regime is presented in which the effects of the transverse variation of the pump and signal mode intensities, the transverse variation of the density of the lasing species, and excited-state absorption of pump photons are included. Guidelines for the design of an optimum fiber are given.