gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of <i>Tetrahymena</i> Ciliary Surface Proteins Labeled with Sulfosuccinimidyl 6‐(Biotinamido) Hexanoate and Concanavalin A and Fractionated with Triton X‐114 (1992)

Tetrahymena thermophila cells were labeled with sulfosuccinimidyl 6-(biotinamido) hexanoate, a sensitive nonradioactive probe for cell surface proteins, and Western blots of axonemes and ciliary membrane vesicles were compared to cilia fractionated with Triton X-114 (TX-114) in order to study the orientation of ciliary membrane proteins. Greater than 40 ciliary surface polypeptides, from greater than 350 kDa to less than 20 kDa, were resolved. The major surface 50-60 kDa proteins are hydrophobic and partition into the TX-114 detergent phase. Two high molecular weight proteins, one of which is biotinylated, comigrate with the heavy chains of ciliary dynein, sediment at 14S in a sucrose gradient, and partition into the TX-114 aqueous phase. Fractions containing these high molecular weight proteins as well as fractions enriched in 88-kDa and 66-kDa polypeptides contain Mg(2+)-ATPase activities. Detergent-solubilized tubulins partition into the TX-114 aqueous phase, are not biotinylated, and must not be exposed to the ciliary surface. The detergent-insoluble axoneme and membrane fraction contains a 36-kDa polypeptide and a portion of the 50-kDa polypeptides that otherwise partition into the detergent phase. These polypeptides could not be solubilized by ATP or by NaCl extraction and appear to be associated with pieces of ciliary membrane tightly linked to the axoneme. The ciliary membrane polypeptides were also tested for Concanavalin A binding and at least sixteen Con A-binding polypeptides were resolved. Of the major Con A-binding polypeptides, three are hydrophobic and partition into the TX-114 detergent phase, three partition into the TX-114 aqueous phase, and four partition exclusively in the detergent-insoluble fraction, which contains axonemes and detergent-resistant membrane vesicles.
Effect of dilution on carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays (1984)

It has been demonstrated that the dilution of samples prior to the carboxymethylcellulase and xylanase assays causes serious discrepancies in the numerical values obtained for the enzyme activities. Even when the sample is assayed with the identical procedure, one could obtain different numerical values of the enzyme activity U depending on how much this sample has been diluted before the enzyme assay. Two crude commercial cellulase samples of Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride as well as the culture filtrate of our newly isolated acidophilic fungus have been used for the demonstration. An empirical method for reporting the cellulolytic activity by taking into account this dilution effect is proposed.
Behaviour of Instrumented Model Batter Piles In Clays (1995)

Pile foundations in several coastal and offshore structures are subjected to significant amounts of lateral loads due to wave action. Usually batter piles are adopted to resist large lateral loads. In this investigation an attempt has been made to study the behavior of batter pile in clayey soils through an experimental program carried out on instrumented model aluminium piles of 26 mm diameter in a test tank of size, 1,200 mm x 800mm x 1,100 mm. The pile was instrumented with electrical resistance type strain gauges to determine the bending moment variations along the depth of embedment of pile. Bending moment vis depth relationships were used to determine the Soil reaction (p) and lateral displacement (y) along the length of the pile for the applied load. From the bending moment vs depth curves it is found that depth of maximum bending moment is greater for negative batter pile than for vertical and positive batter pile. The data of soil reaction and lateral displacement against depth can be used to develop p-y relationships which are useful in the design of laterally loaded piles.
Map updates in a dynamic Voronoi data structure (2006)

In this paper we are using local and sequential map updates in the Voronoi data structure, which allows us to automatically record each event and performed map updates within the system. These map updates are executed through map construction commands that are composed of atomic actions (geometric algorithms for addition, deletion, and motion of spatial objects) on the dynamic Voronoi data structure. The formalization of map commands led to the development of a spatial language comprising a set of atomic operations or constructs on spatial primitives (points and lines), powerful enough to define the complex operations. This resulted in a new formal model for map updates, similar to "cellular encoding", where each update is uniquely characterized by the numbers of newly created and inactivated Voronoi regions. This research shows that the result of the formalization of the operations on the dynamic Voronoi data structure is a spatial language or a map grammar that is deterministic and reversible.
The importance of the self-assembly process to control mechanical properties of low molecular weight hydrogels (2013)

Hydrogels can be formed by the self-assembly of certain small molecules in water. Self-assembly occurs via non-covalent interactions. The self-assembly leads to the formation of fibrous structures which form the matrix of the gel. The mechanical properties of the gels arise from the properties of the fibres themselves (thickness, persistence length etc.), the number and type of cross-links and also how the fibres are distributed in space (the microstructure). We discuss here the effect of assembling the molecules under different conditions, i.e. the self-assembly process. There is sufficient literature showing that how the molecules are assembled can have a significant effect on the properties of the resulting gels.
Investigations of Dent Rerounding Behavior (1998)

A theoretical model was developed to describe the structural behavior of indented pipe under pressure. The model suggested that the transverse shape of the dent, which can be characterized by a single easily-measured parameter, significantly affects rerounding behavior. The model gave predictions for rerounding that were in good agreement with results of tests. Tests also indicated that dent rerounding behavior is cycle-dependent. The model sets a groundwork for estimating the fatigue life of dented pipe subject to pressure cycles. The results apply primarily to plain dents, but might be adapted to those that contain collateral mechanical damage.
Choice-of-Court Agreements in Electronic Consumer Contracts in China (2016)

The past a few decades have witnessed the fast-growing development of electronic commercial transactions. Digital buyers worldwide accounted for 24.3% of the world population in 2015. Now nearly 1.8 billion people are engaged in online shopping. E-commerce, by its nature, is cross-border and international. It creates an international virtual market, removing access barriers and costs in traditional commerce. The international nature of ecommerce inevitably raises jurisdictional problems, i.e. since a transaction may have connections with more than one country, which court is competent to decide the dispute if anything goes wrong is in question. E-commerce, unfortunately, challenges traditional jurisdiction rules, which largely depend on geographic connecting factors. One needs to look at the place of contracting, place of performance, the habitual residence/domicile of the parties, etcetera to determine the competent court. Some connecting factors may not always be easy to determine in e-commerce, where contracts are concluded or performed online. Other connecting factors may not be easily predictable by the parties, such as the other party's habitual residence.
On the 6-<i>e</i><i>ndo</i>Selectivity in 4-Penten-1-oxyl Radical Cyclizations (2004)

Regioselectivities in cyclizations of 4-substituted 4-penten-1-oxyl radicals have been investigated in a combined experimental and computational study (density functional theory). The progressive increase of the 6-endo-trig selectivity along the series of 4-substituents H < CH(3) < C(CH(3))(3) < C(6)H(5) has been interpreted to originate from a balance between strain and FMO interactions. Torsional strain, which is associated with geometrical changes upon an approach of the reacting entities, is relevant for the 6-endo-trig but not for the 5-exo-trig reactions, as seen, for instance, in selective tetrahydrofuran formation from the 4-penten-1-oxyl radical and its 4-methyl derivative. The preference for tetrahydropyran formation in cyclizations of the 4-tert-butyl and the 4-phenyl-4-penten-1-oxyl radical has been attributed to FMO interactions between the terminal carbon atom of the pi bond and the O-radical center thus favoring the 6-endo-trig reaction on the basis of lower transition state energies.
Influence of growth factors on growth and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in serum-free conditions. (1995)

The role of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the adipose differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes was investigated in a chemically defined culture system. To eliminate the influence of unidentified adipogenic compounds present in serum or serum-derived medium additives, cells from a stock culture were grown to confluence under serum-free conditions in the presence of recombinant PDGF and insulin. To trigger differentiation of these cells, the usual stimuli for adipogenesis such as corticosterone and insulin at supraphysiological concentrations together with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine were required but not sufficient for maximal stimulation. Either PDGF or EGF had to be added with insulin at a supraphysiological concentration or insulin-like growth factor-1 for four days in order to obtain complete differentiation. These results indicate that differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes is possible by replacing unknown serum factors by a combination of defined growth factors.
Measuring the Mutual Diffusion Coefficient for Dodecyl Acrylate in Low Molecular Weight Poly(dodecyl acrylate) with Laser Line Deflection (Wiener's Method) and the Fluorescence of Pyrene (2005)

Diffusion of small molecules into glassy polymers is quite complicated and almost always non-Fickian. Little work has been done with the diffusion of low molecular weight polymers that are liquids at room temperature (such as poly(dodecyl acrylate)) into their miscible monomers. We have studied three molecular weights under 20 000 to determine if poly(dodecyl acrylate) diffusion into dodecyl acrylate could be treated with Fick's law and if so to determine the values of the diffusion coefficients. We compare two methods for measuring the diffusion of dodecyl acrylate into poly(dodecyl acrylate): We used laser line deflection (Wiener's method) and improved upon the method from published reports. We also used the dependence of pyrene's fluorescence on the viscosity to measure the concentration distribution, and thus to extract the diffusion coefficient. After an initial relaxation period, diffusion in all cases followed Fick's law with a single concentration-independent diffusion coefficient. Comparison of the diffusion coefficients obtained by both methods yielded the same order of magnitude for the diffusion coefficients (10(-7) cm2/s) and showed the same trend in the dependence on the average molecular weight of the polymer (a decrease in the diffusion coefficient with an increase in the molecular weight).
Makiling, an Improved Variety for Acid Upland Areas in the Philippines (1991)

This article 'Makiling, an Improved Variety for Acid Upland Areas in the Philippines' appeared in the International Rice Research Newsletter series, created by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). The primary objective of this publication was to expedite communication among scientists concerned with the development of improved technology for rice and for rice based cropping systems. This publication will report what scientists are doing to increase the production of rice in as much as this crop feeds the most densely populated and land scarce nations in the world.
Alternative affinity tools: more attractive than antibodies? (2011)

Antibodies are the most successful affinity tools used today, in both fundamental and applied research (diagnostics, purification and therapeutics). Nonetheless, antibodies do have their limitations, including high production costs and low stability. Alternative affinity tools based on nucleic acids (aptamers), polypeptides (engineered binding proteins) and inorganic matrices (molecular imprinted polymers) have received considerable attention. A major advantage of these alternatives concerns the efficient (microbial) production and in vitro selection procedures. The latter approach allows for the high-throughput optimization of aptamers and engineered binding proteins, e.g. aiming at enhanced chemical and physical stability. This has resulted in a rapid development of the fields of nucleic acid- and protein-based affinity tools and, although they are certainly not as widely used as antibodies, the number of their applications has steadily increased in recent years. In the present review, we compare the properties of the more conventional antibodies with these innovative affinity tools. Recent advances of affinity tool developments are described, both in a medical setting (e.g. diagnostics, therapeutics and drug delivery) and in several niche areas for which antibodies appear to be less attractive. Furthermore, an outlook is provided on anticipated future developments.
Closed-Loop Digital Predistortion (DPD) Using an Observation Path With Limited Bandwidth (2015)

This paper shows that digital predistortion (DPD) used to linearize an RF power amplifier (PA) can achieve wide bandwidth distortion cancellation using measurements obtained from a narrow bandwidth observation path. The DPD module creates a correction signal using a set of nonlinear basis waveforms, weighted by adjustable coefficients. The coefficients are optimized using a closed-loop estimator. It is shown using superposition that the basis waveform sets used in the DPD module and closed-loop estimator can differ by a linear transformation, which includes filtering. By filtering the waveforms presented to the estimator, coefficients are optimized for distortion cancellation in a specific part of the spectrum corresponding to the observed bandwidth. The narrow bandwidth coefficient estimate provides wide bandwidth distortion cancellation when used by a DPD module having the unfiltered basis waveform set. Success of the approach relies on further filtering within the estimator to attenuate (notch) the input signal bandwidth, thereby reducing biases in the closed-loop estimation.
Properties of Dialectric Image Lines (1955)

The properties of a dielectric rod on an image surface are reviewed, and experimental results on straight sections, various bends, and a twist are presented. Techniques for measuring insertion parameters and field distributions are described.
Marginalised and demonised: lesbians and equality—perceptions of people in a local Western Cape community (2011)

abstract This article discusses the views of people in Mitchell's Plain in relation to same-sex female desire and constitutional requirements of equality. The article describes how ordinary people understand same-sex desire and the rights of lesbians to equality and equity, with the objective of producing meaningful and useful information, which can contribute to social change and the building of democracy and equality. This involved establishing participants' views on equality with regard to same-sex relationships, the possibility of same-sex marriage, partner benefits and child adoption and custody in particular. The research revealed that constructions of lesbians in Mitchell's Plain were complex, multifaceted and at times contradictory. Lesbians were mostly constructed as invisible, sexually ‘deviant’, defiant of conventional gender roles, ‘mentally ill’, ‘incapable’ and ‘unfit’ parents, ‘masculine’, religiously ‘immoral’, ‘abnormal’ and ‘unstable’. Through discourses normalising heterosexuality, the ...
The carbon balance of a young Beech forest (2000)

Abstract 1. We present measurements of CO 2 fluxes over 2 years above and within a young Beech stand in the east of France. This site is part of the Euroflux network set up to monitor fluxes over representative European forests. 2. The net ecosystem carbon (C) exchange was derived from continuous eddy flux measurements. Major components of the total flux (i.e. soil and above‐ground biomass respiration and assimilation of leafy branches) were measured independently using chambers. The main C stocks (i.e. root, stem and branch biomass) were also quantified. 3. Daily minima of CO 2 flux were typically around −20 µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 during the period of full leaf expansion, while night‐time ecosystem respiration varied between 5 and 15 µmol CO 2 m −2 s −1 . The seasonal pattern of net ecosystem assimilation was very close to that of net assimilation at the single branch scale. The seasonal variation of net ecosystem exchange was closely related to leaf expansion and soil water content during the dry year of 1996. 4. Measurements of ecosystem respiration (eddy flux) were corrected for CO 2 storage within the stand. This C flux showed a seasonal pattern, the maximum rates (4–7 g C m −2 day −1 ) occurring in spring and summer, and appeared to be correlated with soil temperature. Temporal variation of soil respiration showed the same pattern, and effects of both temperature and soil drying were found. Annual soil respiration was ≈ 70% of ecosystem respiration. Root respiration was 60% of the total below‐ground respiration. 5. Annual net C exchange was −218 and −257 g C m −2 in 1996 and 1997, respectively, corresponding to net C uptake by the forest. These values are much lower than the annual biomass increment (stems and large roots) of the stand: 427 and 471 g C m −2 year −1 , respectively. The difference may be explained by a release of CO 2 from the decomposition of woody debris. 6. Ecosystem C loss by respiration was 800–1000 g C m −2 year −1 . Gross C gain was 1000–1300 g C m −2 year −1 . Ecosystem respiration therefore played a major role in the annual C balance of this forest.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero π‐Systems. Part 18. Highly Substituted 2,4‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐1‐boracyclohexadienes. (1990)

Abstract The boracyclohexadienes (X) with three bulky groups are synthesized from the stannacyclohexadiene (I) as shown.
Effects of statins on nonlipid serum markers associated with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. (2003)

Among nonlipid serum markers examined, only C-reactive protein levels are statistically significantly affected by statins. These findings suggest that statin-mediated anti-inflammatory effects may contribute to the ability of statins to reduce risk for cardiovascular disease. Overall, however, available data are insufficient to support recommendations for using nonlipid serum markers in decisions regarding statin therapy for individual patients.
Evaluation of Concentrated Hemicellulose Extract as Cattle Feed (1978)

A feed grade wood molasses made from the hydrolyzate resulting from the steaming of hardwood chips with water (IPEHE), was evaluated as a feed for cattle. Cane molasses (CM) and a commercial hemicellulose extract1 (CHE) were the products to which the experimental molasses was compared. The experiment consisted of three phases: I. A cattle finishing trials II. A digestion trial; and III. A palatability trial. The high energy finishing diet contained 10% of either IPEHE, CM or CHE. Each mixture was fed to two groups of 10 steers each. The average daily gains (kg) and feed efficiencies were: IPEHE, 1.35, 6.80; CHE, 1.30, 7.00; and CM, 1.36, 6.83. Differences were not significant (P>.05). Carcass merit was not affected by kind of molasses. The digestion trial was a 4 × 4 latin square arrangement of treatments with two steers per cell with the diets the same as in the feeding trial but with the addition of a negative control (NC), basal diet without any molasses product. The differences among IPEHE, CM and CHE were significant. Both hemicellulose extract products enhanced cellulose digestibility. The palatability trial was a 3 × 3 latin square arrangement of treatments with two steers per cell, The animals were fed a high fiber diet to meet maintenance requirements and had access to one of the experimental molasses products ad libitum. Differences in intake occurred but they were not significant. IPEHE was of equal values to CM and CHE in a feeding program for ruminants.
Transformation of NIH3T3 Cells with Synthetic c‐Ha‐<i>ras</i> Genes (1989)

Synthetic human c-Ha-ras genes in which amino acid codons were altered to those which are frequently used in highly expressed Escherichia coli genes were ligated to the 3'-end of Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat. When NIH3T3 cells were transfected with the plasmids having those genes with valine at codon 12, leucine at codon 61 or arginine at codon 61, transformants were efficiently produced. These results indicated that the synthetic c-Ha-ras genes are expressed in a mammalian system even though their codon usage is altered to correspond with that of E. coli. This expression vector system should be useful for studies on the structure-function relationships of c-Ha-ras, since the synthetic gene can be easily modified to have multiple base alterations, and can also be used simultaneously for the production of large amounts of p21 in E. coli for biochemical and biophysical studies.
Simultaneous Measurement of the Spatial Distribution of Soil Water Content and Bulk Density (1991)

Abstract Continuous nondestructive measurements of the spatial distributions of soil water content and bulk density are essential prerequisites to the resolution of many problems in the study of soil‐plant‐water systems. Computerized axial tomography (CAT) was applied to dualsource ( 137 Cs and 169 Yb) gamma‐ray attenuation in soil columns to determine nondestructively the spatial distributions of volumetric water content (θ v ) and bulk density (ρ s ) for two soils that exhibit swelling to different degrees. Beam slice thickness was 2 mm and pixel dimensions 2 by 2 mm. The CAT scanning technique for average ρ s and θ v provided excellent agreement with the corresponding values obtained gravimetrically. Average standard deviations (σ) for ρ s of pixels for the dry soils, although large, were highly reproducible and provide a measure of the structural status of the soils. Changes in the mean and σ of pixel ρ s following wetting were related to the texture, structure, mineralogy, and Ca or Na exchange status of the soil. Systematic errors arising from the random nature of radioactive emissions, for count times of 2 s, resulted in large σ in estimated θ v of pixels even for dry soils. Very large counting times (some 169 s for an individual ray‐sum and, hence, 112 h to complete a dual‐source scan) were required to achieve σ values of pixel θ v , on the order of 0.025 cm 3 /cm 3 for a uniform field of water. Such large count times limit this approach to steady‐state or only slowly changing systems. Thus, while the application of CAT to dual‐energy‐level scanning has the potential to become a major tool for nondestructive studies of soil water content, structural status, and stability, realization of this potential awaits substantial improvements in scanning geometry and counting electronics.