gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Arabidopsis microRNA167</i>controls patterns of<i>ARF6</i>and<i>ARF8</i>expression, and regulates both female and male reproduction (2006)

In flowering plants, diploid sporophytic tissues in ovules and anthers support meiosis and subsequent haploid gametophyte development. These analogous reproductive functions suggest that common mechanisms may regulate ovule and anther development. Two Arabidopsis Auxin Response Factors,ARF6 and ARF8, regulate gynoecium and stamen development in immature flowers. Wild-type pollen grew poorly in arf6 arf8 gynoecia, correlating with ARF6 and ARF8 expression in style and transmitting tract. ARF6 and ARF8 transcripts are cleavage targets of the microRNA miR167, and overexpressing miR167 mimicked arf6 arf8 phenotypes. Mutations in the miR167 target sites of ARF6 or ARF8 caused ectopic expression of these genes in domains of both ovules and anthers where miR167 was normally present. As a result, ovule integuments had arrested growth, and anthers grew abnormally and failed to release pollen. Thus, miR167 is essential for correct patterning of gene expression, and for fertility of both ovules and anthers. The essential patterning function of miR167 contrasts with cases from animals in which miRNAs reinforce or maintain transcriptionally established gene expression patterns.
Geotechnical Properties of Controlled Low Strength Materials (CLSM) Using Waste Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) (2009)

Controlled low-strength material (CLSM) is a self-compacted cementitious material used primarily as a backfill in place of compacted soil. It is also known as a flowable fill which is usually a mixture of fine aggregates, small amount of cement, and water. Usage of by-product materials is common as fine aggregates in flowable fill materials. Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) is a solid waste generated in the collection of particulate material during steelmaking process in electric arc furnace. In this study EAFD was tested for the possibility of producing CLSM with large proportion of this waste. The main properties measured in this research include EAFD chemical properties and EAFD flowable fill geotechnical properties (unconfined compressive strength, California Bearing Ratio (CBR), flowability, and setting time) for different mix proportion. Results indicate that with a good mix design it is possible to produce a CLSM with acceptable mechanical properties to meet design requirements.
Advantages of the “Loading Slot” in Radium Emanation Implantation (1924)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Mar 1924Advantages of the "Loading Slot" in Radium Emanation Implantation Joseph Muir Joseph MuirJoseph Muir View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)73686-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail © 1924 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 11Issue 3March 1924Page: 319-326 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1924 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.Metrics Author Information Joseph Muir More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Extended Nijboer–Zernike representation of the vector field in the focal region of an aberrated high-aperture optical system (2003)

Taking the classical Ignatowsky/Richards and Wolf formulas as our starting point, we present expressions for the electric field components in the focal region in the case of a high-numerical-aperture optical system. The transmission function, the aberrations, and the spatially varying state of polarization of the wave exiting the optical system are represented in terms of a Zernike polynomial expansion over the exit pupil of the system; a set of generally complex coefficients is needed for a full description of the field in the exit pupil. The field components in the focal region are obtained by means of the evaluation of a set of basic integrals that all allow an analytic treatment; the expressions for the field components show an explicit dependence on the complex coefficients that characterize the optical system. The electric energy density and the power flow in the aberrated three-dimensional distribution in the focal region are obtained with the expressions for the electric and magnetic field components. Some examples of aberrated focal distributions are presented, and some basic characteristics are discussed.
Cell‐free immunology: construction and in vitro expression of a PCR‐based library encoding a single‐chain antibody repertoire (1999)

A novel cloning-independent strategy has been developed to generate a combinatorial library of PCR fragments encoding a murine single-chain antibody repertoire and express it directly in a cell-free system. The new approach provides an effective alternative to the techniques involving in vivo procedures of preparation and handling large libraries of antibodies. The possible use of the described strategy in the ribosome display is discussed.
Amphiphilic Cellulose Nanocrystals from Acid-Free Oxidative Treatment: Physicochemical Characteristics and Use as an Oil–Water Stabilizer (2014)

A chemical pretreatment for producing cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with periodate oxidation and reductive amination is reported. This new functionalization of cellulose fibers dispenses an alternative method for fabricating individual CNCs without the widely used acid hydrolysis process. CNCs can be directly modified during the pretreatment step, and no additional post-treatments are required to tune the surface properties. Three butylamine isomers were tested to fabricate CNCs with amphiphilic features. After mechanical homogenization, CNCs occurred as individual crystallinities without aggregation where high uniformity in terms of shape and size was obtained. The elemental analysis and (1)H NMR measurement show that iso- and n-butylamine attach the highest number of butylamino groups to the cellulose fibers. Linking the alkyl groups increases the hydrophobic nature of the CNCs, where water contact angles from self-standing films up to 110.5° are reported. Since these butylamino-functionalized CNCs have hydrophobic characteristics in addition to the hydrophilic backbone of cellulose, the stabilization impact on oil/water emulsions is demonstrated as a potential application.
Analytical solutions to mathematical models of the surface and bulk erosion of solid polymers (2005)

Abstract The process by which polymeric materials hydrolyze and disappear into their environments is often called erosion . Two types of erosion have been defined according to how the hydrolysis takes place. If hydrolysis occurs throughout the entire specimen at the same time, it is called bulk erosion . If the hydrolysis is mainly confined to a region near the surface of the specimen and the surface continuously degrades by moving inward, it is termed surface erosion . In this article, a kinetic relationship for bulk erosion is developed. This relationship provides a method for estimating the hydrolysis kinetic constants for bulk‐eroding polymers. This same relationship is also applicable to surface erosion at a microscopic level. Through its combination with a diffusion–reaction equation and the provision of moving boundary conditions, an analytical solution to the steady‐state surface‐erosion problem is obtained. The erosion rate, erosion front width, and induction time can all be expressed as simple functions of the rate of polymer bond hydrolysis, water diffusivity, and solubility, plus other parameters that can be experimentally determined. The erosion front width is the product of the induction time and the erosion rate. The ratio of the erosion front width to the polymer specimen thickness is a parameter that determines whether the specimen undergoes surface or bulk erosion. Theoretical results are compared with experimental observations from the literature, and agreement is found. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 43: 383–397, 2005
Human Mononuclear Cells Which Produce Interferon-Alpha During NK(HSV-FS) Assays Are HLA-DR Positive Cells Distinct From Cytolytic Natural Killer Effectors (1988)

Human mononuclear cells were previously shown to produce interferon-alpha (IFN) during 14 hr assays using herpes simplex virus type-1 infected fibroblasts [NK(HSV-FS)]. In this study, we have compared the effectors responsible for mediating NK(HSV-FS) cytolytic activity to those which produce IFN-alpha. Both activities were found to reside in non-adherent fractions, negative for non-specific esterase-staining cells. Like cells mediating NK cytolytic activity, IFN-alpha producing cells were found in light density Percoll gradient fractions. However, although NK(HSV-FS) and IFN production were largely overlapping, peak IFN production was consistently found in fractions slightly less dense than peak NK(HSV-FS) activity. IFN production was greatly augmented in fractions enriched for dendritic cells on hypertonic metrizamide gradients. The cells which produce IFN-alpha were phenotypically distinct from cytolytic NK effector cells: they lacked the Leu-11, Leu-7 and NKH1 cell surface markers shown to be present on both NK(HSV-FS) and NK(K562) effector cells. In addition, the IFN-alpha producing cells were found to be negative for a number of other markers characteristic of T cells, B cells or macrophages but were positive for Ia and HLA. The cells which produced IFN in response to UV-inactivated HSV antigen and to HSV-infected Raji cells were also found to be Leu-11 negative, and Ia positive. We conclude that the cells which produce IFN in response to HSV are a light density, Ia positive population which are distinct from NK cytolytic effector cells and co-purify with cells bearing a dendritic morphology. These results support our earlier findings that NK(HSV-FS) activity and IFN production are independent of one another and can segregate independently in vivo.
Structure modulated electrostatic deformable mirror for focus and geometry control (2016)

We suggest a way to electrostatically control deformed geometry of an electrostatic deformable mirror (EDM) based on geometric modulation of a basement. The EDM is composed of a metal coated elastomeric membrane (active mirror) and a polymeric basement with electrode (ground). When an electrical voltage is applied across the components, the active mirror deforms toward the stationary basement responding to electrostatic attraction force in an air gap. Since the differentiated gap distance can induce change in electrostatic force distribution between the active mirror and the basement, the EDMs are capable of controlling deformed geometry of the active mirror with different basement structures (concave, flat, and protrusive). The modulation of the deformed geometry leads to significant change in the range of the focal length of the EDMs. Even under dynamic operations, the EDM shows fairly consistent and large deformation enough to change focal length in a wide frequency range (1~175 Hz). The geometric modulation of the active mirror with dynamic focus tunability can allow the EDM to be an active mirror lens for optical zoom devices as well as an optical component controlling field of view.
Rotavirus shedding by newborn children (1984)

We studied the shedding of rotavirus by newborn children in the nurseries of a large maternity hospital in Caracas, Venezuela, throughout the year 1982. Sixty-two (57%) of 108 children examined shed the virus within the first few days of life. Four (6%) of the 62 children who shed rotavirus had diarrhea but only one of them required oral rehydration therapy. The rotavirus specimens were identified as subgroup 2 in an ELISA subgrouping assay that employs monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of the RNA extracted from 52 of the samples by electrophoresis revealed a similar migration pattern in all the specimens; their identity was confirmed by crosshybridization analyses which revealed a strong degree of genomic homology among the strains studied.
A MIDDLE ENGLISH VERSE AT WARKWORTH (1967)

A MIDDLE ENGLISH VERSE AT WARKWORTH Get access DOUGLAS GRAY DOUGLAS GRAY Pembroke CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 14, Issue 4, April 1967, Pages 131–132, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/14-4-131 Published: 01 April 1967
A PCA Decomposition for Real‐time BRDF Editing and Relighting with Global Illumination (2010)

Abstract We propose a novel rendering method which supports interactive BRDF editing as well as relighting on a 3D scene. For interactive BRDF editing, we linearize an analytic BRDF model with basis BRDFs obtained from a principal component analysis. For each basis BRDF, the radiance transfer is precomputed and stored in vector form. In rendering time, illumination of a point is computed by multiplying the radiance transfer vectors of the basis BRDFs by the incoming radiance from gather samples and then linearly combining the results weighted by user‐controlled parameters. To improve the level of accuracy, a set of sub‐area samples associated with a gather sample refines the glossy reflection of the geometric details without increasing the precomputation time. We demonstrate this program with a number of examples to verify the real‐time performance of relighting and BRDF editing on 3D scenes with complex lighting and geometry.
Using Multicoloured Halftone Screens for Offset Print Quality Monitoring (2005)

In the newspaper printing industry, offset is the dominating printing method and the use of multicolour printing has increased rapidly in newspapers during the last decade. The offset printing process relies on the assumption that an uniform film of ink of right thickness is transferred onto the printing areas. The quality of reproduction of colour images in offset printing is dependent on a number of parameters in a chain of steps and in the end it is the amount and the distribution of ink deposited on the substrate that create the sensation and thus the perceived colours. We identify three control points in the offset printing process and present methods for assessing the printing process quality in two of these points: • Methods for determining if the printing plates carry the correct image • Methods for determining the amount of ink deposited onto the newsprint A new concept of colour impression is introduced as a measure of the amount of ink deposited on the newsprint. Two factors contribute to values of the colour impression, the halftone dot-size and ink density. Colour impression values are determined on gray-bars using a CCD-camera based system. Colour impression values can also be determined in an area containing an arbitrary combination of cyan magenta and yellow inks. The correct amount of ink is known either from a reference print or from prepress information. Thus, the deviation of the amount of ink can be determined that can be used as control value by a press operator or as input to a control system. How a closed loop controller can be designed based on the colour impression values is also shown. It is demonstrated that the methods developed can be used for off-line print quality monitoring and ink feed control, or preferably in an online system in a newspaper printing press.
Discovery of New Hexagonal Supramolecular Nanostructures Formed by Squalenoylation of an Anticancer Nucleoside Analogue (2008)

In this study, the dynamically folded conformation of squalene (SQ) is taken advantage of to link this natural compound to the anticancer nucleoside analogue gemcitabine (gem) in order to achieve the spontaneous formation of nanoassemblies (SQgem) in water. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy examination reveals particles (104 nm) with a hexagonal or multifaceted shape that display an internal structure made of reticular planes, each particle being surrounded by an external shell. X-ray diffraction evidences the hexagonal molecular packing of SQgem, resulting from the stacking of direct or inverse cylinders. The respective volumes of the gem and SQ molecules as well as molecular modeling of SQgem suggest the stacking of inverse hexagonal phases, in which the central aqueous core, consisting of water and gem molecules, is surrounded by SQ moieties. These SQgem nanoassemblies also exhibit impressively greater anticancer activity than gem against a solid subcutaneously grafted tumor, following intravenous administration. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of hexagonal phase organization with a SQ derivative.
An 83dB-dynamic-range single-exposure global-shutter CMOS image sensor with in-pixel dual storage (2012)

CMOS image sensors with rolling exposure have come to be widely used, but they cannot avoid the distortion inherent to rolling exposure no matter how much exposure speed improves for capturing a moving target. The need has consequently been felt for global-shutter CMOS image sensors.
Dynamic testing of analogue to digital converters (1991)

Describes a method for the generation of the transfer characteristic of an analogue to digital converter (ADC) at arbitrary frequency. The technique allows accurate estimation of many important converter parameters from a single test, providing designers with valuable insight into the cause of ADC errors, and is fast in production use. Some comparison are made between the new technique and more conventional methods of test. Requirements for, and example results from the use of the technique are presented. >
Proposed Mechanism for the Nitrobenzene Oxidation of Lignin (1986)

Des composes phenoliques simples sont oxydes par le nitrobenzene. On propose un mecanisme homolytique impliquant un radical alkyloxy benzylique; ce radical reagit ensuite par coupure homolytique de la liaison Cα-Cβ pour former un derive du benzaldehyde
Adenosine Aminohydrolase (1967)

Abstract Adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa was found capable of hydrolyzing several chemically unrelated substituents on position 6 of purine ribonucleoside. Km values increased in the following order: methylamino, hydroxylamino, amino, bromo, ethylamino, iodo, and chloro. The order of the rate of hydrolysis was amino, hydroxylamino, chloro, bromo, iodo, methylamino, and ethylamino. An amino group on position 2 of 6-halogenated purine ribonucleosides activated hydrolysis of the halide on position 6. Other position 6 substitutions gave rise to competitive inhibitors or inert nucleosides. Adenine nucleosides substituted on position 9 were either substrates or completely inert. The enzyme does not appear to have specific requirements for the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl groups of adenosine but exhibits a marked requirement for the 5'-hydroxyl group. Apparently, the requirements for enzymatic binding of nucleosides are different from the requirements for the catalytic reaction. A comparison of kinetic parameters for adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa and Aspergillus oryzae points to a fundamental difference between the two enzymes.
Ultratrace DNA Detection Based on the Condensing‐Enrichment Effect of Superwettable Microchips (2015)

A sensitive nucleic acid detection platform based on superhydrophilic microwells spotted on a superhydrophobic substrate is fabricated. Due to the wettability differences, ultratrace DNA molecules are enriched and the fluorescent signals are amplified to allow more sensitive detection. The biosensing interface based on superwettable materials provides a simple and cost-effective way for ultratrace DNA sensing.
Hepatitis B Virus X protein inhibits A20 expression and sensitizes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in hepatocyte cells (VIR1P.1006) (2014)

Abstract Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial cause of hepatocyte death, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular mechanism causing the death of hepatocytes during HBV infection was not completed understood. A20, also named tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3), is a key regulator in inflammation and immunity, and was identified as a target of miR-125a. Here, we report that miR-125a is induced by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) and leading to repression of A20. We also found HBx or miR-125a transfection of hepatoma cell line L-O2 significantly increased its sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. The increasing of TRAIL sensitivity was associated with repression of A20 protein expression, and HBx activates caspase-8, due to the direct cleavage of RIP1 by A20-inhibition. We also found caspase-8 K63-linked polyubiquitination was repressed by HBx. Thus, our study indicates that HBx sensitizes hepatocytes to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through upregulating miR-125a and targeting A20 through caspase-8 activation and the regulation of RIP1 ubiquitination. So these results suggest that miR-125a and A20 represent key diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets for the prevention and treatment of HBV infection.
Inflammation and the Host Response to Injury, a Large-Scale Collaborative Project: Patient-Oriented Research Core???Standard Operating Procedures for Clinical Care (2006)

Moore, Frederick A. MD; McKinley, Bruce A. PhD; Moore, Ernest E. MD; Nathens, Avery B. MD, PhD, MPH; West, Michael MD, PhD; Shapiro, Michael B. MD; Bankey, Paul MD, PhD; Freeman, Bradley MD; Harbrecht, Brian G. MD; Johnson, Jeffrey L. MD; Minei, Joseph P. MD; Maier, Ronald V. MD Author Information
Thin film dosimeters based on Rose Bengal dyed poly(vinyl alcohol) (2002)

Dyed poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films were prepared by casting the aqueous solutions of PVA incorporating Rose Bengal (RB) dye with or without chloral hydrate on a horizontal glass plate. Such films are useful as routine high-dose dosimeters. These flexible plastic film dosimeters are bleached when exposed to n -ray photons. The useful range of application of these films depends on the concentration of chloral hydrate. RB/PVA film without chloral hydrate is suitable for application in the range of absorbed doses 10-150 kGy. The maximum range of RB/PVA films containing chloral hydrate ranges from 5 to 20 kGy depending on, and inversely proportional to, chloral hydrate concentration in the film. The radiation-chemical yield (G-value) of films was calculated to be in the range from 0.272 to 10.3 µmol/J, where it increases with the increase of both RB and chloral hydrate concentration in the film. The effects of temperature and relative humidity during irradiation as well as pre- and post-irradiation storage, on the radiation response of films are studied. Although, the response of these films depends on relative humidity during irradiation, they are highly stable for long times before and after irradiation when stored in dark and they are not affected by temperature that ranged from 0°C to 45°C during irradiation.
Plasmonic Structural-Color Thin Film With a Wide Reception Angle and Strong Retro-Reflectivity (2012)

We propose a plasmonic structural color in the form of a thin film with a monolayer of randomly dispersed silver nanoshells. By employing spatially isotropic optical dipole antenna nanoshells to achieve efficient couplings to obliquely incident field and by utilizing local frustration and interference of randomly dispersed scatterer phases, we successfully introduce plasmonic-driven unique traits of retro-reflection as an example of a plasmonic structural color. As compared to the natural counterpart, Morpho rhetenor , a much wider reception angle, up to 70 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> , and a stronger retro-reflectivity of 35-45% are achieved.