gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and efficient method for the size separation of homogeneous fluorescein-encapsulating liposomes (2009)

Liposomes are colloidal structures formed by the self-assembly of lipid molecules in solution into spherical, self-closed structures through their amphiphilic properties. All liposome preparation protocols reported consist of several steps of preparation, homogenization, and purification, which are labor-intensive, arduous, and lengthy to execute. In this work, a new procedure has been developed to reduce the time of the postrehydration sizing of liposomes from multilamellar vesicles, while improving the uniformity of the resulting liposomes produced and achieving high encapsulation efficiencies. For the homogenization step, the typically used method of filter extrusion was substituted by centrifugation. Purification of liposomes to eliminate nonencapsulated molecules and lipids is routinely carried out via gel permeation chromatography, an extremely lengthy procedure, and in the method we report, this lengthy step was replaced by the use of molecular-weight cut-off filters. Using this novel method, large unilamellar vesicles were produced and the time required, postrehydration, was dramatically reduced from almost 48 to less than 2 hours, with a highly uniformly sized population of liposomes being produced-the homogeneity of the liposome population achieved using our method was 99%, as compared to 88% attained by using the traditional method of production. We have used this approach to encapsulate fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and 160,000 FITC molecules were encapsulated and the liposomes were demonstrated to be stable for at least 10 weeks at 4 degrees C.
Genetic consequences of tolerance to methylation DNA damage in mammalian cells (1993)

We previously characterized a clone of CHO cells, clone B, that displayed tolerance to the cytotoxic effects of N-methylnitrosourea (MNU) and 6-thioguanine (6-TG). To determine whether this phenotype affected the mutagenic response of the cells, MNU-induced mutation to 8-azaadenine resistance (8-AAr) was measured in the parental and clone B cells. Comparable mutation frequencies were found in the two cell lines up to 0.5 mM MNU, while at higher MNU concentrations mutations could be reproducibly measured only in clone B cells. Similar amounts of DNA methylated bases were found in the two cell lines after a 30 min treatment with different concentrations of [3H]MNU and the same linear relationship was observed when mutation induction by MNU was plotted as a function of the amount of O6-methylguanine (O6-MeGua) in DNA, indicating that mutation induction in both cell lines was related to the presence of this methylated base. Fifteen MNU-induced 8-AAr mutants were isolated from each cell line and the sequences of the adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (aprt) mutations determined. The type (in 90% of the cases, GC to AT transitions), the sequence context and the strand localization of the mutations indicated that all mutations were targeted at O6-MeGua in DNA and no difference was found between the two lines. These results are consistent with a mechanism of tolerance of O6-MeGua that does not alter the processing of this methylated base into a mutation. Growth in 6-TG induced point mutations in clone B but not in the parental cells. A model is proposed in which the alkylation tolerant variant is altered in a mismatch correction pathway responsible for the cytotoxicity of the methylated base.
[The preparation and characterization of sol-gel derived zinc modified carbonated hydroxyapatite]. (2008)

The results demonstrate that phase-pure zinc-modified carbonated hydroxyapatite might be prepared through simple sol-gel method and have favorable antibacterial effect.
RADAR CROSS-SECTION STUDIES OF SPHERICAL LENS REFLECTORS (2007)

The reflectivity of a Spherical Lens Reflector is investigated. The scattering of an electromagnetic plane wave by a Spherical Lens Reflector is treated as a classical boundary value problem for Maxwell’s equations. No restrictions are imposed on the electrical size of reflectors and the angular size of the metallic spherical cap. The competitiveness of the Spherical Lens Reflector against the Luneberg Lens Reflector is demonstrated. It has been found that Spherical Lens Reflectors with relative dielectric constant in the range 3.4 ≤ er ≤ 3.7 possess better spectral performance than 3or 5-layer Luneberg Lens Reflectors in a wide frequency range.
The Reaction of Hydrogen and Oxygen through a Silent Electric Discharge. I. The Formation of Hydrogen Peroxide (1962)

Abstract 1) The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a silent electric discharge of high frequency was investigated. The product, in the course of reaction, is solely hydrogen peroxide and water. 2) The linear relationship, independent of the frequency of the current, between the rate of formation of hydrogen peroxide or of water and the pulse current was established. 3) The composition of the hydrogen peroxide-water solution is constant so long as the gap length is constant. 4) The flow rate and the said composition relation were measured. 5) The reaction pattern in the discharge zone was briefly discussed.
Real-time adjustment of transfer function for Fourier volume rendering (2011)

Fourier volume rendering (FVR) is a volume rendering method based on the Fourier slice theorem. With an n × n × n volume data, the FVR algorithm requires O(n2 log n) time to generate a result. Because it requires time less than O(n3) does, FVR is preferred for designing a real-time rendering algorithm with a preprocessing step. We improve upon our previous work. We demonstrate that a B-spline is significantly more useful when designing a transfer function. To design an appropriate transfer function with a spline function, additional control points are required. However, the memory space required for the proposed method increases in linear proportion to the number of control points. We show that the set of control points can be clustered into groups, ensuring the memory required is linearly proportional to the number of groups. The proposed technique supports real-time rendering after adjusting the transfer function for FVR.
Determination of the Orientation Distribution Function From One Pole‐figure (1982)

The values of the orientation distribution function and the data of the pole‐figure are correlated by products of particular conditional probabilities. One of the possible approximations of these products are obtained and demonstrated with the help of an example showing how the orientation distribution function can thus be obtained.
Space-Time Coded Cooperative Multicasting with Maximal Ratio Combining and Incremental Redundancy (2007)

The performance of wireless multicasting is negatively affected by multipath fading. To improve reliability, cooperation among the nodes of the network can be used to create spatial diversity. This paper analyzes a two phase, space-time coded, cooperative multicast protocol and investigates two transmission and combination strategies: Maximal Ratio Combining and Incremental Redundancy. Moreover, it addresses two different channel state information (CSI) scenarios: i) no transmit CSI within the network and ii) broadcast transmit CSI at the source.
ACS Chemical Neuroscience Spotlight on CEP-1347 (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTACS Chemical Neuroscience Spotlight on CEP-1347Zachary K. Sweeney**† and Joseph W. Lewcock*‡View Author Information† Department of Small Molecule Drug Discovery‡ Department of Neurobiology Genentech, Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail address: [email protected] (Z.K.S.), [email protected] (J.W.L.).Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2011, 2, 1, 3–4Publication Date (Web):September 3, 2010Publication History Received23 August 2010Accepted25 August 2010Published online3 September 2010Published inissue 19 January 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn1000793https://doi.org/10.1021/cn1000793editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1525Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (763 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Amines,Inhibition,Nervous system diseases,Single photon emission computed tomography,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Measurement of thermal conductivity of chalcogenide As/sub 2/S/sub 3/ thin films using 3-omega method (2003)

Photo-induced modifications in chalcogenide films include changes in density, hardness, rheological properties, chemical reactivity, electrical and optical properties, therefore the chalcogenide films have been extensively studied recently, partly as an interesting subject for fundamental research in the field of disordered solids and partly due to potential applications in opto-electronics such as photo-resists, optical memories, opto-electronic circuits, etc. However, the thermal properties were not widely investigated compared to the optical and electrical properties. In this study, amorphous As/sub 2/S/sub 3/ thin film samples, whose thicknesses are 0.5 /spl mu/m, 1.0 /spl mu/m, 2.0 /spl mu/m, and 4.0 /spl mu/m, were prepared on silicon waters by the thermal evaporation, and their thermal conductivity was measured by a 3/spl omega/ method between room temperature and 100/spl deg/C. These measurements were repeated after the illumination of A/sup +/+ laser beam whose photon energy is consistent with the band energy gap of As/sub 2/S/sub 3/, and continued for the annealed films in 180/spl deg/C for one hour. The result shows that the thermal conductivities of fresh films were 0.14 /spl sim/ 0.27 W/sup -1-1/1, however increase to 0.28 /spl sim/ 0.47 W/sup -1-1/1 after the illumination of light on the sample and decrease 0.19 /spl sim/ 0.42 W/sup -1-1/1 after annealing of the sample. These changes were explained by the change of microstructure produced from the photo-darkening and thermal annealing.
HDL Metabolism and Atherosclerosis (1990)

Epidemiologic studies of recent years have demonstrated an association between low plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and the development of atherosclerosis. The PROCAM (Prospective Cardiovascular Münster) study has identified HDL cholesterol as the single parameter predictor with the highest potency. Also, in multiple logistic function analysis of these data, which included the eight best independent predictors, HDL cholesterol contributed the largest portion to the overall predictive power of the algorithm. Further evidence for the important role of HDL in the atherosclerotic process was provided by the Helsinki Heart Study, in which the lipid-lowering and HDL-increasing drug gemfibrozil was effective in reducing CAD incidences. In cohort studies, we have shown that HDL cholesterol concentrations largely differ between CAD patients and sex- and age-matched unaffected controls and that this difference increases with age. The reverse cholesterol transport hypothesis is the most widely used to explain the biochemistry of HDL-mediated atherosclerosis. In fact, it has been shown that HDL mediates the disposal of excess cellular cholesterol. There is evidence for the existence of two different mechanisms by which HDL can take up cellular cholesterol: both involve specific cellular recognition sites and probably also different HDL subpopulations. At least two different mechanisms have been identified by which the HDL cholesterol is finally targeted to the liver: attachment of apolipoprotein E for direct recognition by liver receptors or lipid transfer to lipoproteins of lower density that are subsequently also recognized by internalizing liver receptors. This knowledge gives rise to many different candidate genes for the formation of HDL deficiencies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intraocular pressure decrease in normal volunteers following timolol ophthalmic solution. (1976)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>
Electrochemical Templating of Metal Nanoparticles and Nanowires on Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Networks (2005)

The use of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) networks as templates for the electrodeposition of metal (Ag and Pt) nanostructures is described. Pristine SWNTs, grown on insulating SiO2 surfaces using catalyzed chemical vapor deposition, served as the working electrode. In the simplest case, electrical contact was made by depositing a gold strip on the SWNT substrate (device 1). Deposition of Ag and Pt over extensive periods (30 s) resulted in a high density of particles on the SWNTs, with almost contiguous nanowire formation from the Au/SWNT boundary moving to isolated nanoparticles at further distances from the contact. For direct electrochemical studies of Ag and Pt nucleation, the assembly was coated in a resist layer and a small window opened up to expose only the electrically connected SWNTs to solution (device 2). In this case, the electrochemical signature in voltammetric and amperometric studies of metal deposition was due solely to processes at the SWNTs. Coupled with high-resolution microscopy measurements (atomic force microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy), this approach provided detail on the nucleation and growth mechanisms of Ag and Pt on SWNTs under electrochemical control. In particular, Ag growth was found to be rapid and progressive with an increasing nanoparticle density with time, whereas Pt deposition was characterized by lower nucleation densities and slower growth rates with a tendency for larger particles to be produced over long times.
A port in a storm: Climate change and homelessness service organisations (2018)

As climate change continues to raise the intensity and frequency of storms and waves, bushfires and floods, homeless services and service users are increasingly affected. A vulnerability to climate change is not only a physical risk created by a fluctuating and more severe climate, but one shaped by social, economic, political, institutional and technological inequalities. Secure, safe and affordable housing is a prerequisite for people's wellbeing and inclusion, however it is also a prerequisite for coping with and adapting to climate change.
Musical appreciation among the Shona in the early thirties (1965)

How to measure musical appreciation has never been adequately solved. One can only hope to make rather wide generalizations of the Shona ability to appreciate music, especially in these days when European-directed schools have so strong a hold upon African children. It is through the children that they have launched a concerted attack upon local culture. African music is still active, but the semi-European music which is fostered by most of the schools has begun to show its influence.
Copper Interconnections for High Performance and Fine Pitch Flipchip Digital Applications and Ultra-Miniaturized RF Module Applications (2006)

Copper is an excellent candidate material for next generation of chip-package interconnections because of its high electrical and thermal conductivities, good mechanical properties at assembly and operating temperatures and well-established infrastructure to integrate with back-end processes with electroplating technology downscalable to nanoscale. This technology can also accommodate the increasing I/O density of future microprocessors with the best electrical and mechanical performance. In addition, embedment of active components with chip-last approach being proposed by Georgia Tech PRC can also be realized with the shortest interconnections resulting in performance and miniaturization comparable to chip-first approach. There is an increasing trend to replace solders with copper because of these advantages. In this paper, we describe the current status of copper bumping and copper interconnection and assembly technologies and show our future strategy
Perspectives on: PEO-PPO-PEO Triblock Copolymers and their Biomedical Applications (2006)

Thermo-reversible polymeric gels represent an interesting class of materials that can be tailored for a wide range of applications. The triblock poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) based systems, PEO-PPO-PEO, show thermoreversible gelation around body temperature and, therefore, are particularly suitable for biomedical applications such as drug delivery, gene therapy and tissue engineering. The PEO-PPO-PEO tri-block copolymers have amphiphilic characteristics and self-assemble into micelles to form a variety of close packed structures. By varying the block composition (PEO/PPO ratio) and the molecular weight, it is possible to tailor the final properties of these systems to meet the specific application needs. In this report the thermodynamic basis of micellization of PEO-PPO-PEO systems is described. The factors influencing the micelles formation are discussed along with the methods used to investigate the micellization process and morphology as well as with the main applications of these systems in biomedical fields.
Diode n‐p CuInSe<sub>2</sub> Structures Fabricated by Oxygen Implantation (1990)

Abstract The influence of oxygen implantation on the electrical features of n‐type CuInSe 2 single crystals has been studied. n‐p type conversion in the implanted region has been observed. Photoelectric characteristics of the fabricated structures have been examined. It has been shown that ion implantation allows to fabricate CuInSe 2 photoconverters with the absolute current sensitivity up to S i = 33 mA/W at 300 K.
The Human Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 and Mimics are Potential Anticancer Drugs (2015)

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) play a critical role in innate host defense against microbial pathogens in many organisms. The human cathelicidin, LL-37, has a net positive charge and is amphiphilic, and can eliminate pathogenic microbes directly via electrostatic attraction toward negatively charged bacterial membranes. A number of studies have shown that LL-37 participates in various host immune systems, such as inflammatory responses and tissue repair, in addition to its antibacterial properties. Moreover, recent evidence suggests that it is also involved in the regulation of cancer. Indeed, previous studies have suggested that human LL-37 is involved in carcinogenesis via multiple reporters, such as FPR2 (FPRL1), epidermal growth factor receptor, and ERBb2, although LL-37 and its fragments and analogs also show anticancer effects in various cancer cell lines. This discrepancy can be attributed to peptide-based factors, host membrane-based factors, and signal regulation. Here, we describe the association between AMPs and cancer with a focus on anticancer peptide functions and selectivity in an effort to understand potential therapeutic implications.
Lignocellulosic bioethanol production employing newly isolated inhibitor and thermotolerant Saccharomyces cerevisiae DBTIOC S24 strain in SSF and SHF (2016)

Bioethanol is a renewable alternative to fossil fuels which facilitate energy security and reduce greenhouse-gas emissions.
A formal protocol test procedure for the Survivable Adaptable Fiber Optic Embedded Network (SAFENET) (1993)

This thesis focuses upon a new method for verifying the correct operation of a complex, high speed fiber optic communication network. These networks are of growing importance to the military because of their increased connectivity, survivability, and reconfigurability. With the introduction and increased dependence on sophisticated software and protocols, it is essential that their operation be correct. Because of the speed and complexity of fiber optic networks being designed today, they are becoming increasingly difficult to test. Previously, testing was accomplished by application of conformance test methods which had little connection with a implementation's specification. The major goal of conformance testing is to ensure that the implementation of a profile is consistent with its specification. Formal specification is needed to ensure that the implementation performs is intended operations while exhibiting desirable behaviors. The new conformance test method presented is based upon the System of Communicating Machine model which uses a formal protocol specification to generate a test sequence. The major contribution of this thesis is the application of the System of Communicating Machine model to formal profile specifications of the Survivable Adaptable Fiber Optic Embedded Network (SAFENET) standard which results in the derivation of test sequences for a SAFENET profile. The results applying this new method to SAFENET's OSI and Lightweight profiles are presented.... SAFENET profile specification, Conformance testing
Evolutionary analysis of <i>Arabidopsis</i> , cyanobacterial, and chloroplast genomes reveals plastid phylogeny and thousands of cyanobacterial genes in the nucleus (2002)

Chloroplasts were once free-living cyanobacteria that became endosymbionts, but the genomes of contemporary plastids encode only approximately 5-10% as many genes as those of their free-living cousins, indicating that many genes were either lost from plastids or transferred to the nucleus during the course of plant evolution. Previous estimates have suggested that between 800 and perhaps as many as 2,000 genes in the Arabidopsis genome might come from cyanobacteria, but genome-wide phylogenetic surveys that could provide direct estimates of this number are lacking. We compared 24,990 proteins encoded in the Arabidopsis genome to the proteins from three cyanobacterial genomes, 16 other prokaryotic reference genomes, and yeast. Of 9,368 Arabidopsis proteins sufficiently conserved for primary sequence comparison, 866 detected homologues only among cyanobacteria and 834 other branched with cyanobacterial homologues in phylogenetic trees. Extrapolating from these conserved proteins to the whole genome, the data suggest that approximately 4,500 of Arabidopsis protein-coding genes ( approximately 18% of the total) were acquired from the cyanobacterial ancestor of plastids. These proteins encompass all functional classes, and the majority of them are targeted to cell compartments other than the chloroplast. Analysis of 15 sequenced chloroplast genomes revealed 117 nuclear-encoded proteins that are also still present in at least one chloroplast genome. A phylogeny of chloroplast genomes inferred from 41 proteins and 8,303 amino acids sites indicates that at least two independent secondary endosymbiotic events have occurred involving red algae and that amino acid composition bias in chloroplast proteins strongly affects plastid genome phylogeny.