gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of virus‐specific cytotoxic T cell clones from allogeneic bone marrow chimeras (1987)

We established several H-2-restricted lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV)-specific cytotoxic T cell clones from spleens of virus-primed C57BL/6 or C57BL/10 (H-2b) and B10.BR (H-2k) mice and from allogeneic C57BL/10----B10.BR and B10.BR----C57BL/10 bone marrow chimeras. Two T cell clones of H-2b origin and restricted to H-2b, 3 of H-2k origin and restricted to H-2k were compared with two clones each derived from the two types of chimeras. Their surface phenotype was found to be Lyt-2+, L3/T4- and KJ16-133+ (2 of 9). Clones from chimeras expressed bone marrow donor H-2 and are restricted to the recipient H-2. H-2k-restricted clones were all specific for Kk whereas all H-2b-restricted clones were specific for Db. These restriction specificities could be further defined by the blocking activity of various monoclonal anti-H-2 antibodies. Interestingly the anti-H-2Db antibodies blocked the restricted virus-specific killing activity of the clones derived B10.BR----C57BL/10 chimeras much more effectively than the activity of the clones derived from conventional H-2b mice. The various clones differed with respect to their fine specificity for LCMV strains. The 3 clones of conventional B10.BR origin only recognized LCMV-WE but not LCMV-Armstrong, Aggressive or Docile; H-2b-restricted conventional clones recognized target cells infected with all LCMV strains except LCMV-UBC-Docile; the T cell clones from the bone marrow chimeras recognized with one exception all LCMV strains tested.
Stability of Highly OH-Covered C<sub>60</sub> Fullerenes:  Role of Coadsorbed O Impurities and of the Charge State of the Cage in the Formation of Carbon-Opened Structures (2006)

We have performed both semiempirical as well as ab initio density functional theory calculations in order to investigate the structural stability of highly hydroxylated C60(OH)32 fullerenes, so-called fullerenols. Interestingly, we have found that low-energy atomic configurations are obtained when the OH groups are covering the C60 in the form of small hydroxyl islands. The previous formation of OH molecular domains on the carbon surface, stabilized by hydrogen bonds between neighboring OH groups, defines the existence of C60(OH)32 fullerene structures with some elongated C-C bonds, closed electronic shells, and large highest occupied-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy gaps, with the latter two being well-known indicators of high chemical stability in these kind of carbon compounds. The calculated optical absorption spectra show that the location of the first single dipole-allowed excitation strongly depends on the precise distribution of the OH groups on the surface, a result that, combined with optical spectroscopy experiments, might provide an efficient way to identify the structure of these kinds of fullerene derivatives. We found that the presence of a few coadsorbed oxygen species on the fullerene surface leads in general to the existence of C60(OH)32O(x) (x = 1-4) compounds in which some of the C-C bonds just below the O impurities are replaced by C-O-C bridge bonds, leading to the formation of stable carbon-opened structures in agreement with the recent experimental work of Xing et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 11473). Actually, a more dramatic cage destruction is obtained when considering multiply charged C60(OH)32O(x)(+/-m) (m = 2, 4, 6) species (that can exist in both gas-phase and aqueous environments), where now sizable holes made of 9- and 10-membered rings can exist in the carbon network. We believe that our results are important if the controlled opening of carbon cages is needed and it should be taken into account also in several technological applications where the permanent encapsulation of atomic or molecular species in these types of fullerene derivatives is required.
Thermoelectric Power Generated from Computer Waste Heat (2013)

Computer components generate heat as the computer process information.This leads to a subsequent rise in their operating temperatures while the failure rate of computer components increases almost exponentially with the operating temperatures.The heat generation leads to wastage of energy yet there exist energy crisis in the world.This study has evaluated the thermoelectric voltage that can be generated from the waste heat of Dell desktop computer under varying processor workloads.Type J thermocouples were used to tap and convert the waste heat in the desktop computers to thermoelectric voltage.2286/5 data logger was used to make the temperature and the corresponding generated thermoelectric voltage measurements of the thermocouples.Usable amounts of thermoelectric voltage can be generated from the waste heat of the desktop computers using thermocouples.
A hybrid approach for multifont Arabic characters recognition (2006)

Abstract: Pattern recognition is a well-established field of study and Optical Character Recognition (OCR) has long been seen as one of its important contributions. In this paper we describe the performances of a hybrid classification approach which combines both neural networks and hidden Markov models. This classification technique is dealing with features extracted through the wavelet transform method. Experimental tests have been carried out on a set of 85.000 samples of characters corresponding to 5 different Arabic fonts. Some promising experimental results are reported.
Cerebral vasospasm: presence of mast cells in human cerebral arteries after aneurysm rupture (1981)

Mast cells contain heparin, histamine, hydrolytic enzymes, and possibly serotonin in metachromatic cytoplasmic granules, and are not visualized in routine histological preparations. Special fixation, frozen sections, and toluidine blue staining are essential for counting the number of mast cells in tissue sections. Histological preparations for counting mast cells were made from arteries of the circle of Willis in persons who died after chest or abdominal trauma (control group) and in patients who had subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) after aneurysm rupture. The arteries were removed within 6 hours of death, taking care to avoid damage to their structure, and were immersed in the fixative solution. This preliminary note, reporting findings in only a few cases, is justified by the interesting discovery of a marked increase in mast cell population in the muscular layer of arteries after SAH. The series is small because of the difficulty in obtaining suitable material, since mast cells virtually disappear when autopsy is performed later than 6 hours after death. It is concluded from this study that there is an increase of mast cell population in cerebral arterial walls after SAH, mainly in the muscular layer, and that the number of mast cells is higher in arteries closer to the aneurysm.
Rapid self-healing hydrogels (2012)

Synthetic materials that are capable of autonomous healing upon damage are being developed at a rapid pace because of their many potential applications. Despite these advancements, achieving self-healing in permanently cross-linked hydrogels has remained elusive because of the presence of water and irreversible cross-links. Here, we demonstrate that permanently cross-linked hydrogels can be engineered to exhibit self-healing in an aqueous environment. We achieve this feature by arming the hydrogel network with flexible-pendant side chains carrying an optimal balance of hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties that allows the side chains to mediate hydrogen bonds across the hydrogel interfaces with minimal steric hindrance and hydrophobic collapse. The self-healing reported here is rapid, occurring within seconds of the insertion of a crack into the hydrogel or juxtaposition of two separate hydrogel pieces. The healing is reversible and can be switched on and off via changes in pH, allowing external control over the healing process. Moreover, the hydrogels can sustain multiple cycles of healing and separation without compromising their mechanical properties and healing kinetics. Beyond revealing how secondary interactions could be harnessed to introduce new functions to chemically cross-linked polymeric systems, we also demonstrate various potential applications of such easy-to-synthesize, smart, self-healing hydrogels.
Bipolar cascade lasers with quantum well tunnel junctions (2003)

Bipolar cascade lasers with quantum wells (QWs) in tunnel junctions are proposed and demonstrated with emission wavelength near 2 μm based on an InGaAs/InP material system. These bipolar cascade lasers with QW tunnel junctions exhibited superior performance characteristics such as significantly reduced threshold voltage, increased quantum efficiency (&gt;100%) and operation temperature over similar lasers without a QW in the tunnel junction. These broad-area lasers operated at temperatures up to 240 K in continuous wave mode and up to room temperature in pulsed mode.
Detecting photographic composites using shadows (2009)

Image compositing technology has become popular for tampering with digital photographies. We describe how such composites can be detected by enforcing the geometric and photometric constraints from shadows. In particular, we explore (i) the imaged shadow relations that are modeled by the planar homology, and (ii) the color characteristics of the shadows measured by the shadow matte. Our approach efficiently extracts these constraints from a single image and makes use of them for the digital forgery detection. Experimental results on visually plausible images demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.
A Gene Outside the Human MHC Related to Classical HLA Class I Genes (1995)

By presenting antigenic peptides to T lymphocytes, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules play important roles in the human immune system. Knowledge is limited on the evolutionary history of human MHC class I-related molecules. An expressed class I gene, MR1, has now been identified on human chromosome 1q25, outside the MHC. In contrast to other known human divergent class I genes, MR1 encodes peptide-binding domains similar to those encoded by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes on chromosome 6 and by nonmammalian classical MHC class I genes. This gene may thus contribute to understanding the evolution of the MHC.
Migration velocity analysis using traveltime wavefield tomography (2012)

We introduce an integrated wave-equation technique for migration velocity analysis (MVA) that consists of three steps: (1) forming the extended data, (2) approximating the correct transmitted wavefield, and (3) using wavefield tomography to update the velocity model. In the first step, the crosscorrelation imaging condition is relaxed to produce other nonzero-lag common image gathers (CIG) that, combined, form a common image cube (CIC). Slicing the CIC at different crosscorrelation lags forms a series of CIGs. Flattened events will occur in the CIGs at a lag other than the zero-lag when an incorrect velocity model is used in the migration. In the second step, for each event on the CIG, we pick the focusing depth and crosscorrelation lag at which it is flattest. We then model a Green’s function by seeding a source at the focusing depth using one-way wave equation modeling, then shift the modeled wavefield with the focusing crosscorrelation lag. This process is repeated for the other primary events at different lateral and vertical positions. The result is a set of modeled data whose wavefield approximates the wavefield that would have been generated if the correct velocity model had been used to simulate these gathers. We then apply wavefield tomography on these data-driven modeled data to update the velocity model. Our inversion scheme is based on wave-equation traveltime tomography that can update the velocity model in the presence of large velocity errors and a complex environment. Tests on synthetic and real 2D seismic data confirm the method’s effectiveness in building velocity models in complex structural areas that have large lateral velocity variations.
Resolving the electron-positron mass annihilation mystery (2015)

<p class="abstract"><span lang="EN-US">Mutual annihilation of low energy electrons and positrons results in two photons of equal energy. The annihilation is consistent with charge conservation but both particles have positive mass, so how do two positive masses annihilate? The issue is resolved by considering particles electromagnetic (EM) energy localized by curvature of the space-time metric. The curvature extends into the surrounding metric forming the particle’s gravitational field, usually attributed as due to mass by the observer, but only the curved space-time metric exists. In principle both positive and negative metric curvatures could exist and display positive and negative masses respectively, but both would possess positive energy. For the electron EM energy circulates in the observer domain and outside but close to an event horizon (EH), the positive metric curvature results in the impression of positive mass. Symmetry suggests positron energy circulates inside an EH and should have negative curvature. It is posited metric field curvature reverses on passage through an event horizon, thus the positron positive mass apparent to the observer arises from negative metric curvature inside the particle EH. The opposite metric curvatures of the electron and positron cancel on annihilation, eliminating their gravitational effects and thereby their apparent masses.</span></p>
循环式活性污泥法（CAST）的应用及其发展 (1996)

概括地介绍了循环式活性污泥法的主要发展及其应用，对该法在一些大型污水处理厂的具体应用也作了简单的说明。ＣＡＳＴ系统将可变容积活性污泥法过程与生物选择器原理有机地结合在一起使其有别于传统的ＳＢＲＴＡ工艺。
Chemical Imaging of Live Cancer Cells in the Natural Aqueous Environment (2009)

Chemical imaging with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy allows the visualization of the distribution of chemical components in cells without the need for labels or added dyes. However, obtaining such images of living cells is difficult because of the strong absorption of water in the mid-infrared region. We report the use of attenuated total reflection (ATR) FT-IR spectroscopic imaging to study live human cancer cells in an aqueous environment, on a single cell level. Two complementary approaches have been used, providing flexibility with field of view and spatial resolution: (1) micro-ATR FT-IR imaging using a microscope objective with a Ge crystal, and (2) single-reflection diamond ATR-FT-IR imaging. Using both approaches, the ATR-FT-IR spectroscopic signatures allow the differentiation between several cellular organelles, e.g., the nucleus and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The overall cell shape can be defined by the distribution of the amide II band in the measured image, while the DNA-rich nucleus and glycogen-rich ER could be imaged using the spectral bands at 1084 cm(-1) and 1023 cm(-1), respectively. We also demonstrate the potential of ATR-FT-IR spectroscopic imaging for unraveling the details of the dynamics of biological processes, which are not accessible from cell ensemble studies, with high molecular specificity and satisfactory spatial resolution.
Beamforming-type base station power controlfor personal communication networks (1996)

A new beamforming-type power control approach, at the base station of a personal communication network, is proposed. This approach provides an increased system capacity by performing a versatile form of spatial filtering which enhances the spectrum utilisation efficiency.
High-definition fiber tracking guidance for intraparenchymal endoscopic port surgery (2009)

The authors have applied high-definition fiber tracking (HDFT) to the resection of an intraparenchymal dermoid cyst by using a minimally invasive endoscopic port. The lesion was located within the mesial frontal lobe, septal area, hypothalamus, and suprasellar recess. Using high-dimensional (256 directions) diffusion imaging, more than 250,000 fiber tracts were imaged before and after surgery. Trajectory planning using HDFT in a computer model was used to facilitate cannulation of the cyst with the endoscopic port. Analysis of the proposed initial surgical route was overlaid onto the fiber tracts and was predicted to produce substantial disruption to prefrontal projection fibers (anterior limb of the internal capsule) and the cingulum. Adjustment of the cannulation entry point 1 cm medially was predicted to cross the corpus callosum instead of the anterior limb of the internal capsule or the cingulum. Following cyst resection performed using endoscopic port surgery, postoperative imaging demonstrated accurate cannulation of the lesion, with improved quantitative signal from both the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the cingulum. The observed fiber preservation from the cingulum and the anterior limb of the internal capsule, with minor injury to the corpus callosum, was in close agreement with preoperative trajectory modeling. Comparison of pre- and postoperative HDFT data facilitated quantification of the benefits and costs of the surgical trajectory. Future studies will help to determine whether HDFT combined with endoscopic port surgery facilitates anatomical and functional preservation in such challenging cases.
Polarity control in WSe2 double-gate transistors (2016)

As scaling of conventional silicon-based electronics is reaching its ultimate limit, considerable effort has been devoted to find new materials and new device concepts that could ultimately outperform standard silicon transistors. In this perspective two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides, such as MoS2 and WSe2, have recently attracted considerable interest thanks to their electrical properties. Here, we report the first experimental demonstration of a doping-free, polarity-controllable device fabricated on few-layer WSe2. We show how modulation of the Schottky barriers at drain and source by a separate gate, named program gate, can enable the selection of the carriers injected in the channel, and achieved controllable polarity behaviour with ON/OFF current ratios >10(6) for both electrons and holes conduction. Polarity-controlled WSe2 transistors enable the design of compact logic gates, leading to higher computational densities in 2D-flatronics.
A Time-Relative Approach for Precise Positioning with a Miniaturized L1 GPS Logger (2008)

L1 phase measurements collected by an autonomous, miniaturized and low cost GPS logging device are the basis for the navigation approach discussed in the present paper. Forming single differences between two measurements taken by one moving receiver at two different times allows to achieve relative precision in the low decimeter range over time intervals of up to several minutes. Neither a second, nearby base receiver nor any (static) initialization procedures are required by the method. This fact significantly reduces the complexity to be handled by the user often operating under adverse field conditions. The approach is taking advantage of canceling ambiguities instead of striving for estimating these unknown quantities every phase measurement is biased with. The constitutive navigation equations are derived elaborately and theoretic aspects of various error sources restricting possible processing intervals are discussed in this paper. A geometric error raising from an offset in the initial position is analyzed in particular. The results of a static experiment confirm the theoretic considerations. Furthermore, technical details of the utilized GPS logger are given and data collected during two flight experiments are validated and compared with different reference solutions.
Comments on use of exponential dilution flask in calibration of gas analyzers (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComments on use of exponential dilution flask in calibration of gas analyzersJ. M. Sedlak and K. F. BlurtonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 13, 2020–2022Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50007a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50007a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Noise-shaped PCM for video processing and transmission (1991)

An easily implementable method is developed to convert conventional K-bit PCM into L-bit PCM (L < K) with a rising spectral noise profile to acquire a substantial word size/bit rate reduction for digitising video signals. It does not require additional oversampling and offers sub-band coding features.
The General Motors Air Injection Reactor Air Pump (1966)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">1966 models of General Motors passenger cars and light trucks sold in California are equipped with the General Motors air injection reactor system. This system meets standards for control of exhaust emissions. Saginaw's contribution to this system is the air pump, which supplies supplementary air for the injection system.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The Sagniaw air pump is a semi-articulated vane type pump of a positive displacement variety. The pump has a design displacement of 10.3 cu in. per revolution with high volumetric efficiency and low horsepower consumption. In the development of the pump, it was necessary to establish durability requirements consistent with the life of the vehicle, providing satisfactory performance without maintenance. It was necessary to perform laboratory tests to insure compliance with these requirements. The Saginaw air pump satisfies all the design objectives and has been accepted for use on 1966 vehicles sold in California.</div>