gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Invertebrate systematics or spineless taxonomy?* (2007)

What progress has been made since these words were written by Wilson more than twenty years ago? The answer is a mixed one. We have so far to go in our inventory of Earth’s species that it is easy to be discouraged by advances measured in hundreds of thousands of new species rather than millions. Yet there has been progress and the potential exists for rapid advances. Excellent work continues to be done as evidenced by this special issue of ZooTaxa and the burgeoning popularity of this e-journal. Innovative new funding has appeared at the U. S. National Science Foundation including the Partnerships to Enhance Expertise in Taxonomy (PEET), Assembling the Tree of Life (AToL), and particularly encouraging, the Revisionary Syntheses in Systematics (RevSys) and Planetary Biodiversity Inventory (PBI) projects that focus specifically on descriptive taxonomy. Most promising is an emerging new field, cybertaxonomy, that represents the convergence of traditional taxonomic goals with new, equally ambitious ones, fueled by the full potential of cyberinfrastructure, digital technology, information science, and computer engineering (Atkins et al. 2003, Page et al. 2005, Wheeler 2004, Wheeler et al. 2004).
Congress moves to overhaul law to improve chemical safety (2016)

U.S. lawmakers have agreed on landmark bipartisan legislation to modernize the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), a 40-year-old law that governs chemicals used in household items and industrial products. After years of negotiations, the House of Representatives passed the legislation (H.R. 2576) on May 24 by a vote of 403-12. The Senate is expected to follow suit in early June, sending the measure to the President, who is likely to sign it. The White House says the bill meets the Obama Administration’s principles for reforming TSCA. In a major change from current law, the legislation will make it easier for the Environmental Protection Agency to request safety data from chemical manufacturers on new and existing substances that may pose a risk to human health or the environment. Currently, EPA must demonstrate that a chemical poses a risk before it can seek such information through a regulation. The legislation will allow
Influence of cooling rate and antimony addition content on graphite morphology and mechanical properties of a ductile iron (2012)

Cooling rate and inoculation practice can greatly affect the graphite morphology of ductile irons. In the present research, the effects of the cooling rate and antimony addition on the graphite morphology and mechanical properties of ductile irons have been studied. Three ductile iron castings were prepared through solidification under cooling conditions S (slow), M (medium) and F (fast). The cooling rates around the equilibrium eutectic temperature (1,150 ℃) for these cooling conditions (S, M and F) were set at 0.21 ℃·min-1, 0.32 ℃·min-1 and 0.37 ℃·min-1, respectively. In addition, four ductile iron castings were prepared by adding 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03% and 0.04% (by weight) antimony, respectively under the slow cooling condition. The results show that the nodularity index, tensile strength and hardness of the ductile iron castings without antimony addition are all improved with the increase of cooling rate, while the ductile iron casting solidified under the medium cooling rate possesses the largest number of graphite nodules. Furthermore, for the four antimony containing castings, the graphite morphology and tensile strength are also improved by the antimony additions, and the effect of antimony addition is intensified when the addition increases from 0.01% to 0.03%. Moreover, the rare earth elements (REE)/antimony ratio of 2 appears to be the most effective for fine nodular graphite formation in ductile iron.
Direct activation of purified protein kinase C by unsaturated fatty acids (oleate and arachidonate) in the absence of phospholipids and Ca<sup>2+</sup> (1985)

Unsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and arachidonic acid) activate purified protein kinase C independently of phospholipid and Ca2+. Oleic acid activation of protein kinase C is as effective as phosphatidylserine and Ca2+. Ka values for oleic acid and arachidonic acid are 50 and 53 microM, respectively. In contrast to the cis fatty acids, a trans form (elaidic acid) or a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid) has little or no effect on protein kinase C activation. If cis fatty acid liberation is physiologically important, this suggests that another mechanism may exist for protein kinase C activation, in addition to phospholipase C/phosphatidylinositol turnover signaling, possibly via the liberation of cis fatty acids by the Ca2+-dependent phospholipase A2 system.
Acne (2005)

A 17-year-old boy with a six-month history of acne presents for initial evaluation and treatment. Physical examination reveals closed and open comedones and a large number of erythematous papules and pustules (50 or more) on the face and upper trunk. How should he be treated?
Toward optimized carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccines: Epitope clustering, carrier structure, and adjuvant all influence antibody responses to Lewis<sup>y</sup>conjugates in mice (2001)

The feasibility of using carbohydrate-based vaccines for the immunotherapy of cancer is being actively explored at the present time. Although a number of clinical trials have already been conducted with glycoconjugate vaccines, the optimal design and composition of the vaccines has yet to be determined. Among the candidate antigens being examined is Lewis(y) (Le(y)), a blood group-related antigen that is overexpressed on the majority of human carcinomas. Using Le(y) as a model for specificity, we have examined the role of epitope clustering, carrier structure, and adjuvant on the immunogenicity of Le(y) conjugates in mice. A glycolipopeptide containing a cluster of three contiguous Le(y)-serine epitopes and the Pam(3)Cys immunostimulating moiety was found to be superior to a similar construct containing only one Le(y)-serine epitope in eliciting antitumor cell antibodies. Because only IgM antibodies were produced by this vaccine, the effect on immunogenicity of coupling the glycopeptide to keyhole limpet hemocyanin was examined; although both IgM and IgG antibodies were formed, the antibodies reacted only with the immunizing structure. Reexamination of the clustered Le(y)-serine Pam(3)Cys conjugate with the adjuvant QS-21 resulted in the identification of both IgG and IgM antibodies reacting with tumor cells, thus demonstrating the feasibility of an entirely synthetic carbohydrate-based anticancer vaccine in an animal model.
Parameterized SPICE subcircuits for submicron multilevel interconnect modeling (2003)

A parameterized interconnect modeling system which provides VLSI designers with a direct link between finite-difference 2-D/3-D capacitance simulators and SPICE simulators is described. In this way, both the device modeling and the interconnect modeling are parameterized, and the time needed to generate SPICE inputs is estimated to decrease by two or three orders of magnitude with this approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Seamless Method to Support CDMA2000/WLAN Vertical Handover (2006)

This paper proposes a new protocol, Access Routers Tunneling Protocol, to facilitate seamless vertical handoff between wireless LAN and CDMA2000 access networks. A novel approach called seamless vertical handover for mobile IPv6 (SVHO) is defined to allow a mobile node to resume its real-time ongoing session with its correspondent as soon as it attaches to the new link. Traffic in progress will be redirected to the new network using mobile user's previous care-of-address through preconfigured bidirectional tunnels. By this means, the service disruption for an ongoing real-time session could be minimized. Moreover, since the context information for the session in progress run by the mobile is kept intact at the previous access router, the delay variation (jitter) is reduced significantly during handoff. To provide certain quality of service to roaming users, new functionalities are added at access router so that it can perform not only local resource management but also call admission control as the mobile moves between subnets. To evaluate the performance, the components of handover latency are identified to demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach. Numerical results show that our new method has better performance than the brute-force handoff, the seamless handoff and the optimized seamless handoff scheme existing in the literature
Disulfide HMGB1 derived from platelets coordinates venous thrombosis in mice (2016)

Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases, but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. Although sterile inflammation has recently been shown to boost coagulation during DVT, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not fully resolved, which could potentially identify new anti-inflammatory approaches to prophylaxis and therapy of DVT. Using a mouse model of venous thrombosis induced by flow reduction in the vena cava inferior, we identified blood-derived high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a prototypical mediator of sterile inflammation, to be a master regulator of the prothrombotic cascade involving platelets and myeloid leukocytes fostering occlusive DVT formation. Transfer of platelets into Hmgb1<sup>-/-</sup> chimeras showed that this cell type is the major source of HMGB1, exposing reduced HMGB1 on their surface upon activation thereby enhancing the recruitment of monocytes. Activated leukocytes in turn support oxidation of HMGB1 unleashing its prothrombotic activity and promoting platelet aggregation. This potentiates the amount of HMGB1 and further nurtures the accumulation and activation of monocytes through receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 2, leading to local delivery of monocyte-derived tissue factor and cytokines. Moreover, disulfide HMGB1 facilitates formation of prothrombotic neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) mediated by RAGE, exposing additional HMGB1 on their extracellular DNA strands. Eventually, a vicious circle of coagulation and inflammation is set in motion leading to obstructive DVT formation. Therefore, platelet-derived disulfide HMGB1 is a central mediator of the sterile inflammatory process in venous thrombosis and could be an attractive target for an anti-inflammatory approach for DVT prophylaxis.
Obtención y Evaluación de las Características Seminales del Chigüiro (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) (2010)

Con el objetivo de obtener y determinar las caracteristicas del semen de chiguiro ( Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris ) en animales en confinamiento, catorce animales en un rango de 15 a 45Kg de peso provenientes de cuatro lugares de reubicacion de fauna silvestre fueron muestreados en las instalaciones de la  Universidad de los Llanos, los cuales fueron sometidos a procedimientos de electroeyaculacion, previa restriccion fisica y quimica. Se logro inducir la eyaculacion de 10 ejemplares a traves de este metodo (71,4%). El mayor numero de eyaculaciones se obtuvo cuando el voltaje alcanzo un maximo de 6V. En la valoracion macroscopica el volumen promedio fue de 135,5µl,  el color y olor sui generis , y pH promedio de 8,14, la caracterizacion microscopica del eyaculado evidencio una motilidad  masal de 32,6%, viabilidad de 60,08%, concentracion espermatica 127 x 10 6 espermatozoides/mL y  porcentaje de anormalidades de 43,9%. Este estudio demostro la posibilidad de obtener muestras seminales en esta especie por el metodo de electroeyaculacion, y a partir de estas su caracterizacion, no reportada anteriormente por otros autores.
Detection of Variance Changes and Mean Value Jumps in Measurement Noise for Multipath Mitigation in Urban Navigation (2010)

This paper investigates an urban navigation filter for land vehicles. Typical urban canyon phenomena due to multipath and GPS outages seriously degrade positioning performance. To deal with these scenarios, a hybrid navigation system using GPS and dead-reckoning sensors is presented. This navigation system is complemented by a two-step detection procedure that aims at classifying outliers according to their associated source of error. Two different situations will be considered in the presence of multipath. These situations correspond to the presence or absence of line of sight signal for the different GPS satellites. Therefore, two kinds of errors are potentially “corrupting” the pseudoranges, modeled as variance changes or mean value jumps in noise measurements. An original multiple model approach is proposed to detect, identify and correct these errors and provide a final consistent solution.
Types of Gastritis (2020)

A wide variety of insults including infectious agents, medications and endogenous and environmental chemical substances may cause injury to the gastric mucosa. This may take the form of inflammation (gastritis), reactive changes without inflammation (termed gastropathy by some authors) or a combination of the two. The histological appearances may be a 'pattern' of injury that is non-specific and can be seen in association with several aetiologies, or there may be histological features that are highly characteristic of a single injurious agent. In this chapter, 'gastritis' is considered in three sections – patterns of injury (with many potential causes), specific types of gastritis, and gastric mucosal injury related to medical therapies. A practical approach to diagnosis including potential diagnostic pitfalls is emphasised, as is the need for accurate endoscopic and clinical information when interpreting these specimens. Common entities, such as Helicobacter pylori gastritis and reactive gastritis, as well as rare conditions and other infections are considered. The discussion focuses on endoscopic biopsies (the most common specimen seen in practice) but these changes may be present in the resected stomach in the setting of both benign and malignant disease and also, increasingly, in specimens removed at the time of bariatric surgery.
Survivin-specific CD4+ T cells are decreased in patients with survivin-positive myeloma (2015)

Background: Survivin is a small protein inhibitor of apoptosis and a tumor associated antigen. Survivin expression in multiple myeloma is associated with poor prognosis, disease progression, and drug resistance. The CD4+ response against survivin remains uncharacterized. Methods: In order to better understand the anti-tumor immune response to survivin, and optimize vaccination strategies, we characterized the spontaneous CD4+CD25-T cell response against survivin in healthy donors and myeloma patients using survivin derived peptide pools. Results: Healthy donors and myeloma patients' CD4+CD25-T cells exhibited a proliferative and IFN-gamma response against survivin peptides loaded onto autologous dendritic cells. We employed limiting dilution analysis to quantify the precursor frequency of survivin reactive CD4+CD25-T cells. Multiple myeloma patients (range 0% to 2.2x10 -3 %, n=12) had fewer survivin reactive CD4+CD25-T cells than healthy blood donors (range 1.1x10 -3 to 8.4x10 -3 %, n=10), p = 0.021. The survivin reactive CD4+CD25-T cell precursor frequency was inversely associated with tumor survivin mRNA expression (p = 0.0028, r = -1.0, n = 6), and survivin tumor protein expression by IHC (p = 0.0295, r = -0.67, n = 10). A full length mutant survivin protein-pulsed dendritic cell vaccine expanded survivin reactive CD4+CD25-T cells after 12 days of in vitro culture (range 0-540x,median = 42x), and expansion was achieved even in patients with low baseline survivin reactive CD4+ precursors. Conclusions: We have, for the first time, quantified the circulating CD4+CD25-precursor frequency against survivin and demonstrated this is lower in myeloma patients than healthy donors. The number of survivin reactive CD4+CD25-T cells is inversely associated with tumor survivin expression suggesting suppression of survivin responsive CD4+CD25-T cells. Further exploration of a full length mutant survivin protein vaccine which expands survivin reactive CD4+ cells independent of the survivin reactive precursor frequency is warranted.
Temperature-Sensitive Simian Virus 40-Transformed Cells: Phenomena Accompanying Transition from the Transformed to the “Normal” State (1973)

Temperature-sensitive simian virus (SV 40)-transformed 3T3 cells (tsSV3T3), which express the transformed phenotype when growing at 32 C but not at 39 C, were used to study changes in growth behavior during shift-up or shift-down experiments. In cultures of tsSV3T3 cells which had reached or were beyond monolayer density at 32 C, DNA synthesis reached very low levels within 24 to 48 h after shift-up. When cells which had been allowed to grow to high densities at 32 C were shifted to 39 C, not only cell growth stopped, but within two to three days the cultures shed a large number of cells into the medium. These cells were nonviable, and shedding stopped only when the number of cells attached had been reduced to that characteristic of the saturation density at 39 C. The remaining attached cells were viable and after the shift to 32 C were again able to grow from the monolayer to high cell densities. This behavior has been compared with that of normal 3T3 and wild-type SV3T3 cells under different conditions. We have also isolated new tsSV3T3 lines, using cells which had been infected with non-mutagenized wild-type SV40. This further demonstrates that the temperature sensitivity of these lines is due to a cellular rather than a viral mutation.
Sensibilización en el manejo de residuos sólidos a los vecinos de ENACE Y FONAVI, en la ciudad de Puerto Maldonado, región Madre de Dios (2014)

El estudio de sensibilización a la población y evaluación de la producción de PET se realizó de enero a marzo del 2010 en la ciudad de Puerto Maldonado en los sectores de ENACE y FONAVI, ambos están habitados por pobladores de estrato medio-bajo. Se seleccionaron los beneficiarios y se evaluó su conocimiento previo acerca de los conceptos de segregar, residuos orgánicos e inorgánicos mediante el uso de encuestas al inicio y final del proyecto. Se les entrego una bolsa roja para que separen las botellas de plástico, las cuales eran recogidas los fines de semana para su almacenamiento y pesaje. De los conceptos planteados los vecinos de FONAVI aprendieron más acerca del concepto de segregar pero no aumento el número de personas que sabía acerca de los residuos orgánicos e inorgánicos. Por el contrario los vecinos de ENACE que conocían el termino segregar disminuyo en 1% probablemente porque se preocuparon más en aprender los conceptos de residuos orgánico e inorgánico ya que en un inicio se registro 62% de vecinos que conocían el concepto, luego aumentaron a 77%. En cuanto al PET no se colecto la cantidad esperada debido a los fenómenos naturales, huelga minera, problemas mecánicos de la unidad de recojo.
Contact lens technology to 2020 and beyond: a review of recent patent literature (2017)

Contact lenses have been a common means of vision correction for more than half a century. Recent developments raise the possibility that the next several years will see the range of applications in which they are used broaden considerably, with an associated expansion in both the number and type of individuals who consider them to be a valuable option. To describe this new landscape, a review of recent patent submissions covering the period 1 January 2014 to 1 February 2017 was undertaken. The results show that in the main, areas where contact lenses will be applied include drug delivery, visual augmentation and biosensing.
Applications of graph theory in chemistry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplications of graph theory in chemistryAlexandru T. BalabanCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1985, 25, 3, 334–343Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00047a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00047a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2994Altmetric-Citations282LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Multi-camera epipolar plane image feature detection for robust view synthesis (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel, fully automatic method to obtain accurate view synthesis for soccer games. Existing methods often make assumptions about the scene. This usually requires manual input and introduces artifacts in situations not handled by those assumptions. Our method does not make assumptions about the scene; it solely relies on feature detection and utilizes the structures visible in a 3D light field to limit the search range of traditional view synthesis methods. A visual comparison between a standard plane sweep, a depth-aware plane sweep and our method is provided, showing that our method provides more accurate results in most cases.
Listeria monocytogenes, a down-to-earth pathogen (2013)

Listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the food-borne life threatening disease listeriosis. This pathogenic bacterium received much attention in the endeavor of deciphering the cellular mechanisms that underlie the onset of infection and its ability to adapt to the food processing environment. Although information is available on the presence of L. monocytogenes in many environmental niches including soil, water, plants, foodstuff and animals, understanding the ecology of L. monocytogenes in outdoor environments has received less attention. Soil is an environmental niche of pivotal importance in the transmission of this bacterium to plants and animals. Soil composition, microbial communities and macrofauna are extrinsic edaphic factors that direct the fate of L. monocytogenes in the soil environment. Moreover, farming practices may further affect its incidence. The genome of L. monocytogenes presents an extensive repertoire of genes encoding transport proteins and regulators, a characteristic of the genome of ubiquitous bacteria. Postgenomic analyses bring new insights in the process of soil adaptation. In the present paper focussing on soil, we review these extrinsic and intrinsic factors that drive environmental adaptation of L. monocytogenes.