gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Mouse Dishevelled (Dvl) Proteins in Wnt/Wingless Signaling Pathway (1999)

The dishevelled (dsh) gene family encodes cytoplasmic proteins that have been implicated in Wnt/Wingless (Wg) signaling. To demonstrate functional conservation of Dsh family proteins, two mouse homologs of Drosophila Dsh, Dvl-1 and Dvl-2, were biochemically characterized in mouse and Drosophila cell culture systems. We found that treatment with a soluble Wnt-3A leads to hyperphosphorylation of Dvl proteins and a concomitant elevation of the cytoplasmic beta-catenin levels in mouse NIH3T3, L, and C57MG cells. This coincides well with our finding in a Drosophila wing disc cell line, clone-8, that Wg treatment induced hyperphosphorylation of Dsh (Yanagawa, S., van Leeuwen, F., Wodarz, A., Klingensmith, J., and Nusse, R. (1995) Genes Dev. 9, 1087-1097). Furthermore, we showed that mouse Dvl proteins affect downstream components of Drosophila Wg signaling as Dsh does; overexpression of Dvl proteins in clone-8 cells results in elevation of Armadillo (Drosophila homolog of beta-catenin) and Drosophila E-cadherin levels, hyperphosphorylation of Dvl proteins themselves, and inhibition of Zeste-White3 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of a microtubule-binding protein, Tau. In addition, casein kinase II was shown to coimmunoprecipitate with Dvl proteins, and Dvl proteins were phosphorylated in these immune complexes. These results are direct evidence that Dsh family proteins mediate a set of conserved biochemical processes in the Wnt/Wg signaling pathway.
Influence of solar X-ray flares on the earth-ionosphere waveguide (2005)

A simultaneous analysis of solar are X-ray irradiance and VLF signal amplitude on the GQD/22.1 kHz trace was carried out. Solar are data were taken from GOES 12 satellite listings. The VLF amplitude data were recorded by means of the AbsPAL (Absolute Phase and Amplitude Logger) at the Institute of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia. It was found that solar are events from class C to class X affect the VLF signal amplitude in various ways and can be classified according to the type of effect produced in the Earth-ionosphere waveguide on the VLF propagation.
Automated Street Crossing for Assistive Robots (2005)

Robotic systems that assist users by crossing a street safely and automatically would benefit people with vision and/or mobility impairments. This paper describes progress toward a street-crossing system for an assistive robotic system. The system detects and tracks vehicles in real time. It reasons about extracted motion regions in order to decide when it is safe to cross.
Absence of Proteinase-Activated Receptor-1 Signaling in Mice Confers Protection from fMLP-Induced Goblet Cell Metaplasia (2009)

The morphological features of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in man include emphysema and chronic bronchitis associated with mucus hypersecretion. These alterations can be induced in mice by a single intratracheal instillation of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), a chemoattractant and degranulating agent for neutrophils. The mechanisms underlying excessive mucus production and, in particular, goblet cell hyperplasia/metaplasia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain poorly understood. The proteinase-activated receptors (PARs) are widely recognized for their modulatory properties during inflammation. In this study, we examined whether PAR-1 contributes to inflammation and lung damage induced by fMLP by comparing the response of PAR-1-deficient (PAR-1(-/-)) mice with that of wild-type (WT) mice. Mice were killed at various time points after fMLP instillation (200 microg/50 microl). WT mice developed emphysema and goblet cell metaplasia. The onset of pulmonary lesions was preceded by an increase in thrombin immunoreactivity in bronchial airways and alveolar tissue. This was followed by a decrease in PAR-1 immunoreactivity, and by an increase in IL-13 immunostaining on the luminal surface of airway epithelial cells. In PAR-1(-/-) mice, fMLP administration induced similar responses in terms of inflammation and emphysema, but these mice were protected from the development of goblet cell metaplasia. The involvement of PAR-1 in airway epithelial cell transdifferentiation was confirmed by demonstrating that intratracheal instillation of the selective PAR-1 agonist (TFLLR) induced goblet cell metaplasia in the airways of WT mice only. These data suggest that emphysema and goblet cell metaplasia occur independently, and that PAR-1 signaling through IL-13 stimulation may play an important role in inducing goblet cell metaplasia.
Strain-Promoted “Click” Modification of a Mesoporous Metal–Organic Framework (2012)

Strain-promoted "click" chemistry is used to post-synthetically modify the pore walls of azide-functionalized mesoporous bio-MOF-100 (N(3)-bio-MOF-100). The reactions proceed in high yield and produce no byproduct. This new method was used to introduce various functional groups into the MOF mesopores, including succinimidyl ester bioconjugation moieties that allow for straightforward coupling of biomolecules to the pore walls.
Characterization of new pancreatic cancer-reactive monoclonal antibodies directed against purified mucin. (1991)

Although mucins have been found to be useful in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, the carbohydrate and peptide structures of pancreatic mucins are still not well characterized. Monoclonal antibodies were produced using mucins purified from xenografts of a human pancreatic cancer cell line as the immunogen. One of these, Ia3, reacted with almost all pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal carcinomas examined by immunoperoxidase staining, but with few normal tissues. Ia3 antigen was elevated in sera of 50.4% of individuals with gastrointestinal tumors, but its levels did not correlate with those of CA15-3, CA19-9, or DU-PAN-2. Serum Ia3 antigens migrated more slowly in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis than the polymorphic epithelial mucins recognized by DF3 or 115D8. Ia3 reacted only with native, and not with partially deglycosylated, pancreatic cancer xenograft mucins. Periodate or neuraminidase treatment destroyed this reactivity, but protease had little effect. The antigen recognized by another antibody, Nd2, was not detected in normal pancreatic, colonic, or gastric tissues but was present in approximately 60% of the pancreatic and gastric carcinomas examined. Nd2 reactivity with native and partially deglycosylated mucin was lost after pretreatment with protease and beta-mercaptoethanol. We conclude that, while Ia3 reacts with carbohydrates, Nd2 reactivity appears to be dependent on the integrity of the mucin protein core. The antigenic determinants of Ia3 and Nd2 are different from those of B72.3, CA19-9, DU-PAN-2, SPan-1, and several breast cancer mucin-directed antibodies. These results suggest that the malignancy-associated structures identified by Ia3 and Nd2 may provide new information on the carbohydrate and peptide structure of pancreatic cancer mucins.
Editors' Introduction (1975)

Abstract Polytechnical labor education is undoubtedly the most important principle underlying Soviet school pedagogy and educational thought. Refined from Marxist writings, polytechnism means, in brief, combining teaching and learning about economic production with practical work experience. The aim of polytechnical education in the USSR is to prepare youth for a life of productive labor in society and contribution to the construction of communism.
Fibre Optic Acoustic Sensing for Intrusion Detection Systems (2011)

In this study, acoustic emissions (AEs) were detected through a variety of different flooring materials using a fibre Bragg grating (FBG). The AEs were generated using a low velocity impact test, and by footstep. The acoustic vibra-tions cause a strain in the optical fibre, and hence alter the wavelength reflected by the FBG. This strain induced wavelength shift can then easily be detected by converting this wavelength shift into an intensity change. This is done using an intensiometric detection system, where a laser is tuned to the 3dB point of the FBG, and the optical power transmitted and reflected is modulated by the spectral shift of the FBG. The intention is to use FBGs as an in-ground intrusion detection system to detect the AEs generated by an intruder walking within range of the sensors. This type of intrusion detection system can be applied to both external (in soil, etc) and internal (within the foundations or flooring of the home) security systems. The results show that the AEs can clearly be detected through wood, ceramic tiles, aluminium and concrete.
TP53 mutations emerge at early phase of myelodysplastic syndrome and are associated with complex chromosomal abnormalities (1995)

We examined TP53 mutation in 57 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at either the MDS phase or at the terminal leukemic phase using polymerase chain reaction-mediated single-strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis. TP53 mutations within exons 5 through 8 were found in seven patients. All these mutations were detected at the presentation of MDS whether these patients showed leukemic transformation or not. TP53 mutations were frequently found in patients with loss of the short arm of chromosome 17 (17p-) (three of seven patients with 17p-, 43%) and complex karyotypic abnormalities (five of 14, 38%). Among the seven patients with the TP53 mutation, four patients progressed to acute leukemia within 7 months from the diagnosis of MDS, and the remaining three died within 7 months without leukemic transformation. These findings suggest that mutations of the TP53 can be implicated in leukemic transformation and a poor prognosis in MDS.
Augmentation of glucocorticoid action on human monocytes by interleukin-4. (1990)

For their anti-inflammatory effects, glucocorticoids act, at least in part, by suppression of the production of interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by activated monocytes/macrophages. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) also suppresses similar parameters of monocyte activation in vitro. However, contrasting effects of IL-4 and dexamethasone (Dex) on monocyte tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) production suggest that these agents may operate by different pathways. We have now demonstrated that levels of IL-4 as low as 0.05-0.1 U/ml (0.6-1.2 x 10(-11)M) can augment the actions of Dex (5 x 10(-9)M) as an inhibitor of the production of monocyte pro-inflammatory mediators. These in vitro results suggest the possible supplementation of steroid therapy with low amounts of IL-4 (or an agonist) permitting the use of less steroid with concomitant reduction in steroid-associated side-effects. IL-4 can also suppress the increased release of IL-1 beta and TNF alpha by monocytes incubated with indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
Rendering physical effects in tabletop controls (2011)

We introduce dynamic physical properties as an additional degree of freedom for passive tabletop controls. Using electromagnetic actuation, we manipulate attributes of tangibles on the fly, such as perceived weight, spring resistance, friction, and latching. We describe our actuation concepts, prototypes, and measurements showing that magnetic fields can change physical effects in a linear way. Controlled experiments reveal that participants can tactually distinguish four rendered resistance levels of a button prototype and easily detect dynamic detents in a continuous slider. Finally, we describe how adjustable physical properties in tangibles can enhance tabletop interaction.
Terminal area guidance incorporating heavy weather (1997)

Inclement weather is a major cause of air transportation delays, and the majority of this cost is incurred in terminal areas. Even though current sensor technology, meteorological methods, and displays are capable of producing accurate and timely mesoscale nowcasts in the terminal area, controllers still find it difficult to vector aircraft around storm cells, maintain safety, and achieve efficient throughput. In short, the weather and airspace management information is available, but the lack of time to mentally solve this complex problem causes inefficient solutions and high workloads for air traffic controllers. In this paper, we model the weather avoidance problem with two algorithmic route planning methods, a grid-based Dijkstra's algorithm and a weighted regions problem algorithm, in order to synthesize arrival aircraft trajectories that avoid penetrating heavy weather. The goal is to create flexible models for the terminal area that provide a means to investigate how aircraft can efficiently be guided through and around weather.
Multichannel digital ventilated psychrometer using eight-bit microcomputer (1981)

A multichannel digital ventilated psychrometer using an 8-bit microcomputer has been developed. It offers the advantages of direct reading of the relative humidity (RH) and the temperature from the digital indicator (or the CRT indicator) as well as multichannel use. The sensing of humidity is based on the psychrometric principle by two integrated circuit (IC) temperature transducers acting as dry and wet bulbs. The temperature of the dry bulb has a range of 0-50°C with a linearity better than 0.05°C. The temperatures of the dry and wet bulbs are converted into proportional voltages which are fed into a microcomputer after having been converted into digital form by the A/D converter. As the RH data for dry-bulb temperature and dry- and wet-bulb temperature difference have previously been stored in the memory, the corresponding RH data can be derived from using the necessary steps of the program. The results are displayed on a digital indicator. The indication shows the channel number being measured, the RH, and the dry-bulb temperature. The experimental results show that it is possible to make an apparatus to give a direct indication of RH for the multiple sensors and the accuracy of the apparatus is estimated to contain an RH error of less than 2 percent with a response time of less than 20 s. It may be used both for measurement and control of a multiple humidity environment.
Optimizing low memory killers for mobile devices using reinforcement learning (2017)

Different from memory management mechanisms in legacy systems, those in mobile devices leverage the use of app caching to accelerate app launch performance. The responsiveness of switching back to a recently used app becomes significantly worse if the cached app process has been killed in the past due to a low memory constraint. We propose a new approach to optimize the low memory killer with reinforcement learning. The new low memory killer acts as an autonomic decision maker in an uncertain environment, continuously observing various indicators and metrics for memory management, making the process-killing decisions, and taking app launch latencies as the penalties from the decision-making environment. Through a trial-and-error exploration, the killer interacts with the dynamic environment and automatically learns a holistic policy through reinforcement learning optimizing the expected app launch latency over a long run. Preliminary experimental results show that the new approach consistently and significantly improves the app launch performance, outperforming the baselines.
Effect of the oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran on allergic lung inflammation induced by repeated house dust mite administration in mice (2015)

Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways; asthma patients are hampered by recurrent symptoms of dyspnoea and wheezing caused by bronchial obstruction. Most asthma patients suffer from chronic allergic lung inflammation triggered by allergens such as house dust mite (HDM). Coagulation activation in the pulmonary compartment is currently recognized as a feature of allergic lung inflammation, and data suggest that coagulation proteases further drive inflammatory mechanisms. Here, we tested whether treatment with the oral thrombin inhibitor dabigatran attenuates allergic lung inflammation in a recently developed HDM-based murine asthma model. Mice were fed dabigatran (10 mg/g) or placebo chow during a 3-wk HDM airway exposure model. Dabigatran treatment caused systemic thrombin inhibitory activity corresponding with dabigatran levels reported in human trials. Surprisingly, dabigatran did not lead to inhibition of HDM-evoked coagulation activation in the lung as measured by levels of thrombin-antithrombin complexes and D-dimer. Repeated HDM administration caused an influx of eosinophils and neutrophils into the lungs, mucus production in the airways, and a T helper 2 response, as reflected by a rise in bronchoalveolar IL-4 and IL-5 levels and a systemic rise in IgE and HDM-IgG1. Dabigatran modestly improved HDM-induced lung pathology (P < 0.05) and decreased IL-4 levels (P < 0.01), without influencing other HDM-induced responses. Considering the limited effects of dabigatran in spite of adequate plasma levels, these results argue against clinical evaluation of dabigatran in patients with asthma.
Heat Treatment Response of Steel Fatigue Sample During Vacuum Carburization and High Pressure Gas Quenching Process (2015)

A hollow R.R. Moore rotation fatigue sample made of AISI 9310 is processed using vacuum carburization and high pressure gas quenching. The vacuum carburization schedule is designed to through carburize the thin wall section of the fatigue sample to 0.7% wt.% carbon, followed by 10 bar nitrogen quench. Some samples showed significant bow distortion after quench hardening, and further investigations indicated that the unbalanced wall thickness from machining is the main cause of the bow distortion. In this paper, DANTE, a commercial heat treatment software is used to study the cooling, phase transformation, and stress evolution during quenching. The effect of unbalance wall thickness on distortion is also investigated. Residual stress state in the quench hardened sample is critical to the fatigue performance during rotational bending fatigue tests. In this study, the unbalanced geometry has insignificant effect on the residual stresses after quench hardening. However, the unbalanced geometry will affect the applied stress significantly during a rotation fatigue test.
A review of bioceramics-based dental restorative materials (2018)

Currently, much has been published related to conventional resin-based composites and adhesives; however, little information is available about bioceramics-based restorative materials. The aim was to structure this topic into its component parts and to highlight the translational research that has been conducted up to the present time. A literature search was done from indexed journals up to September 2017. The main search terms used were based on dental resin-based composites, dental adhesives along with bioactive glass and the calcium phosphate family. The results showed that in 123 articles, amorphous calcium phosphate (39.83%), hydroxyapatite (23.5%), bioactive glass (16.2%), dicalcium phosphate (5.69%), monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (3.25%), and tricalcium phosphate (2.43%) have been used in restorative materials. Moreover, seven studies were found related to a newly developed commercial bioactive composite. The utilization of bioactive materials for tooth restorations can promote remineralization and a durable seal of the tooth-material interface.
A review of the state-of-the-art in distributed surveillance systems (2006)

This chapter discusses state-of-the-art distributed surveillance systems. Inspec keywords: video surveillance Other keywords: distributed surveillance systems Subjects: Applications of television systems
Early Pregnancy Factor in Liver Regeneration After Partial Hepatectomy in Rats: Relationship With Chaperonin 10 (1994)

Early pregnancy factor is not only a product of dividing embryonic and neoplastic cells, as demonstrated previously, but also of normal proliferating cells. Eight hours after partial hepatectomy in rats, early pregnancy factor was detected in serum. It rose to a peak by 48 hr. Neutralization of early pregnancy factor in vivo by passive immunization with specific antibodies, 18 hr after partial hepatectomy, resulted in a significant decrease in the uptake of [3H]thymidine by the liver remnant, measured 4 to 6 hr later. These results suggest that during liver regeneration, early pregnancy factor is essential to the sequence of events that culminates in DNA synthesis and cell division. Recently we purified early pregnancy factor from human platelets and determined by mass spectrometry a precise molecular mass of 10,843 Da. Amino acid sequencing (approximately 72% of the molecule) demonstrated that early pregnancy factor is highly homologous with chaperonin 10, a stress-inducible mitochondrial protein, and that platelet-derived early pregnancy factor and rat chaperonin 10 share similar biochemical and immunological properties. In this study we show that early pregnancy factor, purified from regenerating rat liver and from serum taken 24 hr after hepatectomy, shares these properties. In addition, antibodies to early pregnancy factor, effective in passive immunization studies, recognize chaperonin 10, whereas chaperonin 10 antibodies bind to early pregnancy factor from regenerating liver and posthepatectomy serum. We propose that early pregnancy factor/chaperonin 10 is selectively released from proliferating cells and, in an autocrine or paracrine mode (or both) is involved in DNA synthesis.
A shift from normal to high glucose levels stimulates cell proliferation in drug sensitive MCF-7 human breast cancer cells but not in multidrug resistant MCF-7/ADR cells which overproduce PKC-?II (1999)

Glucose concentration may be an important factor in breast cancer cell proliferation because the prevalence of breast cancer is high in diabetic patients. To determine the role of protein kinase C (PKC)-betaII in regulating MCF-7 cell proliferation at different glucose concentrations, the effects of glucose and a PKC-betaII-specific inhibitor (CGP53353) were examined in cultures of MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and its multidrug resistant variant (MCF-7/ADR). Cell proliferation and DNA synthesis of MCF-7 were increased when glucose concentration in the culture medium was increased from normal (5.5 mM) to high (25 mM) levels. However, MCF-7/ADR cell proliferation and DNA synthesis were unaffected by the increase in glucose. PKC-betaII protein and the corresponding mRNA levels were 4- to 5-fold higher in MCF-7/ADR than in MCF-7 cells. High glucose-induced decreases of PKC-betaII protein and mRNA levels were observed during the DNA synthesis phase in MCF-7 but not in MCF-7/ADR cells. Decreases in PKC-betaII mRNA and protein levels below a critical threshold in response to high glucose levels may account for glucose-stimulated proliferation of MCF-7 cells. Cultures of multidrug resistant MCF-7/ADR cells reach maximal cell density in medium containing normal (5.5 mM) glucose levels and are not induced to grow further in response to high (25 mM) glucose. Our results demonstrate a link between high glucose-induced PKC-betaII isozyme down-regulation with concomitant acceleration of cell cycle progression in MCF-7 cells.
Multicomponent Dynamic Covalent Assembly of a Rhombicuboctahedral Nanocapsule (2007)

Molecular container compounds have a range of potential applications in chemical and biological sciences, most notably as nanoreactors, drug delivery devices, and storage materials. We report a highly efficient dynamic covalent chemistry approach for the synthesis of covalent rhombicuboctahedral nanocapsule 1 from 14 square- and triangular-shaped molecular components. The nanocapsule is obtained in a one-pot reaction in high yield and high purity, and has a solvodynamic diameter of 3.9 nm. In our approach, six formyl cavitands and eight 1,3,5-tris(p-aminophenyl)benzene molecules are assembled into a molecular rhombicuboctahedron through twenty four newly formed dynamic imine bonds. Binding studies show that 1 encapsulates tetraalkylammonium salts in toluene. We also discuss the growth mechanism of this nanocapsule.