gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of cyclopalladated compounds. 15. Controlled synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through ring enlargement by alkyne insertions into the palladium-carbon bonds of cyclopalladated amines followed by ring closure (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of cyclopalladated compounds. 15. Controlled synthesis of heterocyclic compounds through ring enlargement by alkyne insertions into the palladium-carbon bonds of cyclopalladated amines followed by ring closureFida. Maassarani, Michel. Pfeffer, and Guy. Le BorgneCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 10, 2029–2043Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00153a002https://doi.org/10.1021/om00153a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views581Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Detection of Visible and Latent Fingerprints Using Micro‐X‐ray Fluorescence Elemental Imaging<sup>*</sup> (2005)

Using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF), a novel means of detecting fingerprints was examined in which the prints were imaged based on their elemental composition. MXRF is a nondestructive technique. Although this method requires a priori knowledge about the approximate location of a print, it offers a new and complementary means for detecting fingerprints that are also left pristine for further analysis (including potential DNA extraction) or archiving purposes. Sebaceous fingerprints and those made after perspiring were detected based on elements such as potassium and chlorine present in the print residue. Unique prints were also detected including those containing lotion, saliva, banana, or sunscreen. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential for visualizing fingerprints by MXRF on surfaces that can be problematic using current methods.
Establishing Visual Correspondence from Multi-Resolution Graph Cuts for Stereo-Motion (2007)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a multi-resolution graph cuts (MRGC) for stereo-motion framework that produces dense disparity maps. Both stereo and motion are estimated simultaneously under the original graph cuts framework. Our framework extends the problem from one to five dimensions, creating a large in- crease in complexity. Using three different multi-resolution graph cut algorithms, LDNR, EL and SAC, we reduce the number of pixels m and the number of labels n that limit the alpha - beta swap algorithm (with complexity O(mn <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) required from the definition of our semi-metric smoothness function. This results in a reduction of computation time and the ability to handle larger images and larger label sets. The choice of the three MRGC algorithms to use in computation deter- mines the appropriate level of accuracy and computation time desired.
Automated Segmentation of Intraretinal Cystoid Fluid in Optical Coherence Tomography (2012)

Cystoid macular edema (CME) is observed in a variety of ocular disorders and is strongly associated with vision loss. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides excellent visualization of cystoid fluid, and can assist clinicians in monitoring the progression of CME. Quantitative tools for assessing CME may lead to better metrics for choosing treatment protocols. To address this need, this paper presents a fully automated retinal cyst segmentation technique for OCT image stacks acquired from a commercial scanner. The proposed method includes a computationally fast bilateral filter for speckle denoising while maintaining CME boundaries. The proposed technique was evaluated in images from 16 patients with vitreoretinal disease and three controls. The average sensitivity and specificity for the classification of cystoid regions in CME patients were found to be 91% and 96%, respectively, and the retinal volume occupied by cystoid fluid obtained by the algorithm was found to be accurate within a mean and median volume fraction of 1.9% and 0.8%, respectively.
Iron-Stress Induced Redox Activity in Tomato (<i>Lycopersicum esculentum</i> Mill.) Is Localized on the Plasma Membrane (1989)

Tomato plants (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) were grown for 21-days in a complete hydroponic nutrient solution including Fe(3+)-ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetate) and subsequently switched to nutrient solution withholding Fe for 8 days to induce Fe stress. The roots of Fe-stressed plants reduced chelated Fe at rates sevenfold higher than roots of plants grown under Fe-sufficient conditions. The response in intact Fe-deficient roots was localized to root hairs, which developed on secondary roots during the period of Fe stress. Plasma membranes (PM) isolated by aqueous two-phase partitioning from tomato roots grown under Fe stress exhibited a 94% increase in rates of NADH-dependent Fe(3+)-citrate reduction compared to PM isolated from roots of Fe-sufficient plants. Optimal detection of the reductase activity required the presence of detergent indicating structural latency. In contrast, NADPH-dependent Fe(3+)-citrate reduction was not significantly different in root PM isolated from Fe-deficient versus Fe-sufficient plants and proceeded at substantially lower rates than NADH-dependent reduction. Mg(2+)-ATPase activity was increased 22% in PM from roots of Fe-deficient plants compared to PM isolated from roots of Fe-sufficient plants. The results localized the increase in Fe reductase activity in roots grown under Fe stress to the PM.
Gas transport in partially fluorinated low‐density polyethylene (1986)

Abstract Low‐density polyethylene film was subjected to direct fluorination on one surface by exposure to a dilute fluorine gas stream for various periods of time. Various analyses indicate partial fluorination of a thin surface layer. The permeability coefficients for He, CO 2 , and CH 4 were measured at 35°C. The permeability of He was not changed by fluorination; whereas, values for CO 2 and CH 4 were decreased by as much as two orders of magnitude. The selectivity of transport for gas pairs of different molecular size was greatly improved, suggesting applications of this technique for membrane separation processes.
Mathematical model for power output from a plate type energy harvester (2010)

Technological advancement in electronics has greatly reduced the power requirement Piezoelectric transduction mechanism has received great attention for being a possible candidate to harvest energy from ambient vibration. In many applications, piezoelectric transduction can be used to harvest energy from ambient vibration by applying them on a specially designed structure or innovatively coat them on the main structural components which are subjected to vibration during operation. A simple example of the host structure could be a vibrating plate. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed for a vibrating unimorph and bimorph plate used as an energy harvester. Generally ambient vibration is random in nature and hence requires different mathematical technique to solve the problem. In this derivation Kelvin-Voigt type damping and viscous damping were considered separately in the dynamic equation. A solution mechanism is proposed for the system. Then modal analysis is performed in a short circuit condition and solution from the transcendental equation is used to calculate the modal parameters. The backward coupling term is then calculated using the modal coefficients and the explicit equation for the power output is presented.
Hydrogen Adsorption in Nanoporous Nickel(II) Phosphates (2003)

Hydrogen sorption in the nanoporous nickel phosphates VSB-1 and VSB-5 has been studied with a combination of BET, temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and inelastic neutron scattering (INS) measurements. H(2) BET isotherms for VSB-1 are similar to those seen in nanoporous zeolites, while VSB-5 adsorbs substantially more hydrogen due to a steep initial uptake at low partial pressures. TPD data show that hydrogen interacts strongly with VSB-5, with desorption peaks at 109 and 149 K in a nitrogen flow, whereas the absence of similar peaks for VSB-1 suggests a weaker interaction. INS spectra of the rotational tunnel transition of the adsorbed H(2) also reveal a strong interaction with the VSB-5 host. These data strongly suggest the existence of coordinatively unsaturated Ni(2+) sites accessible to H(2) molecules in the pores of VSB-5.
Molecular characterization of a 2.7-kb, 12q13-specific, retroviral-related sequence isolated by RDA from monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (2002)

This report deals with the molecular characterization of a representational difference analysis (RDA)-derived sequence (SZRV-2, GenBank accession No. AF135486; Genome Database accession Nos. 7692183 and 7501402) from three monozygotic twin pairs discordant for schizophrenia (MZD). The results suggest that it is a primate-specific, heavily methylated, and placentally expressed (-7-kb mRNA) endogenous retroviral-related (ERV) sequence of the human genome. We have mapped this sequence to 12q13 using two SZRV-2 positive BAC clones (4K11 (Genome Survey Sequence Database No. 1752076; GenBank accession No. AZ301773) and 501H16) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. End sequencing of the 4K11 BAC clone has allowed identification of nearby genes from the human genome database at NCBI that may be of interest in schizophrenia research. These include viral-related sequences (potential hot spots for insertions), developmental, channel, and signal transduction genes, as well as genes affecting expression of certain receptors in neurons. Furthermore, when used as a probe on Southern blots, SZRV-2 detected no difference between schizophrenia patients from southwestern Ontario and their matched controls. However, it identified aberrant methylation in one of the eight patients and none of the 21 unaffected controls. Although additional experiments will be required to establish the significance, if any, of SZRV-2 methylation in the complex etiology of schizophrenia, molecular results included offer a novel insight into the role of retroviral-related sequences in the origin, organization, and regulation of the human genome.
Live‐Cell Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging of Alkyne‐Tagged Biomolecules (2014)

Alkynes can be metabolically incorporated into biomolecules including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans. In addition to the clickable chemical reactivity, alkynes possess a unique Raman scattering within the Raman-silent region of a cell. Coupling this spectroscopic signature with Raman microscopy yields a new imaging modality beyond fluorescence and label-free microscopies. The bioorthogonal Raman imaging of various biomolecules tagged with an alkyne by a state-of-the-art Raman imaging technique, stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, is reported. This imaging method affords non-invasiveness, high sensitivity, and molecular specificity and therefore should find broad applications in live-cell imaging.
Research on an Axial-Axial Flux Compound-Structure Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machine Used for Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2008)

A compound-structure permanent-magnet synchronous machine (CS-PMSM) is a solution to realize both the torque and speed control of the internal combustion engine (ICE) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). This article investigates a CS-PMSM that is integrated by two axial flux permanent-magnet synchronous machines (one stator machine (SM) and one double-rotor machine (DRM)). The magnetic coupling between the SM and the DRM is calculated with 3D finite-element method (FEM), and it is found that little magnetic coupling exists. So the SM and the DRM can be analyzed and controlled independently. The methods to improve the torque characteristic are discussed. Although optimal pole arc embrace, optimal magnet skewing angle and ladder-magnet all enable to reduce torque ripple, the effect of pole arc embrace and skewed magnet is much more satisfying. After the two methods are matched and optimized again, a better scheme is obtained.
Template-Assisted Synthesis of Shape-Controlled Rh<sub>2</sub>P Nanocrystals (2007)

When reacted with trioctylphosphine at approximately 360 degrees C, rhodium nanocrystals convert to rhodium phosphide Rh(2)P nanocrystals. Careful control over synthetic variables, such as temperature, stabilizing ligands, and cosolvents, can result in Rh(2)P nanocrystals with shapes that reflect the Rh nanocrystal templates. Accordingly, Rh nanocrystals with multipod, cube- and triangle-derived shapes convert to Rh(2)P nanocrystals that maintain the shape of their Rh precursors. Both dense and hollow Rh(2)P nanocrystals can be generated using a single unified chemical conversion strategy. These empirical guidelines for generating a morphologically diverse library of Rh(2)P nanocrystals provide important insights into shape conservation using nanocrystal templates and will likely be portable to other multielement systems for which rigorous shape-controlled synthesis remains challenging.
Energy Cost, Exercise Intensity, and Gait Efficiency of Standard Versus Rocker-Bottom Axillary Crutch Walking (1990)

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in selected biomechanical and physiological measurements and subjective preferences for ambulation with the standard single-tip axillary crutch versus the rocker-bottom-type axillary crutch. Self-selected walking velocities (S-SWVs) and stride length for each crutch type were determined for a two-point, non-weight-bearing, swing-through gait in 24 healthy volunteers. Relative exercise intensity, oxygen uptake (VO2), and gait efficiency were assessed for each crutch type at both S-SWVs. Subjects negotiated two architectural barriers (stairs and ramp) and completed a subjective questionnaire concerning crutch preferences. Walking with either crutch type resulted in slower S-SWVs, greater VO2, higher relative exercise intensity, and reduced gait efficiency compared with values for normal unassisted ambulation. An analysis of variance for these variables revealed nonsignificant between-crutch differences. Based on the subjective data, a preference for the standard single-tip crutch was evident. Within the scope of the study, the results supported no apparent advantage relative to energy expenditure to using the rocker-bottom crutch.
Analysis and design of a tilted rotor hexacopter for fault tolerance (2016)

A proof is presented of how a hexagon-shaped hexacopter can be designed to keep the ability to reject disturbance torques in all directions while counteracting the effect of a failure in any of its motors. The method proposed is simpler than previous solutions, because it does not require change of the motor rotation direction or in-flight mechanical reconfiguration of the vehicle. It consists of tilting the rotor a small fixed angle with respect to the vertical axis. Design guidelines are presented to calculate the tilt angle to achieve fault-tolerant attitude control without losing significant vertical thrust. It is also formally proved that the minimum number of unidirectional rotating motors needed to have fault tolerance is 6 and that this can be achieved by tilting their rotors. This proof is essentially a control allocation analysis that recovers in a simple way a result already known: the standard configuration (without tilting the motors) is not fault tolerant. A simulation example illustrates the theory.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Detection Methods (2008)

Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a quickly developing technology that has built upon the classic end-point PCR detection methods. In this article, we will review recent patents related to various chemistries used for nucleic acid detection during real-time PCR amplification. Real-time assay chemistries are subdivided into several main categories including DNA-binding agents, molecular beacons, hybridization probes, hydrolysis probes, and dye-primer based systems. Specific advantages and applications of each category are highlighted herein.
General vectors for archaeal hyperthermophiles: Strategies based on a mobile intron and a plasmid (1996)

Although there are currently no cloning and expression vectors available for archaeal hyperthermophiles, small cryptic plasmids have been characterized for these organisms as well as viruses and introns capable of spreading between cells. Below, we review the recent progress in adapting these genetic elements as vectors for Pyrococcus furiosus and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. An efficient and reliable transformation procedure is described for both organisms. The potential of the mobile intron from Desulfurococcus mobilis, inserted into the bacterial vector pUC18 to generate a new type of vector, was investigated in S. acidocaldarius. A polylinker was inserted upstream from the open reading frame encoding the homing enzyme I-DmoI. Both the polylinker and a 276 bp fragment of the tetracycline gene from pBR322 could be inserted into the intron-plasmid construct and spreading still occurred in the culture of S. acidocaldarius. Experiments are in progress to test the co-mobility of the alcohol dehydrogenase and beta-galactosidase genes from Sulfolobus species with the intron. A shuttle vector pCSV1 was also produced by fusing the pGT5 plasmid from Pyrococcus abyssi and the bacterial vector pUC19 which, on transformation, is stable in both organisms without selection. Growth inhibition studies indicate that both P. furiosus and S. acidocaldarius are sensitive to the antibiotics carbomycin, celesticetin, chloramphenicol and thiostrepton as well as butanol and butylic alcohol. Spontaneous mutants resistant to these drugs have been isolated carrying single site mutations in their 23S rRNA gene; they include mutants of S. acidocaldarius resistant to chloramphenicol, carbomycin and celesticetin with the mutation C2452U and thiostrepton-resistant mutants of P. furiosus carrying the mutation A1067G (both numbers corresponding to Escherichia coli 23S rRNA). These mutated genes are being developed as selective markers. Moreover, two beta-galactosidase genes from P. furiosus have been cloned as possible phenotypic markers; one of these exhibits maximum activity at 95 degrees C with O-nitrophenyl beta-D-galactopyranoside as substrate.
Slot: Shortened Loop Internet Transport using Overlay Networks (2005)

Overlay routing has emerged as a promising approach to mitigating many problems with Internet routing, such as improving the reliability of Internet paths and supporting multicast communication. As overlay routing is gaining wider acceptance, we argue that it is time t o investigate how overlay networks can benefit Internet transport. This paper presents Slot, a framework that leverages overlay networks to improve the throughput of feedback-based transport protocols. Slot exploits the observation that the throughput of feedback-based transport protocols (e.g., TCP, XCP, VCP, DCCP) is inversely proportional to the length of their end-to-end feedback control loop, and effectively shortens an end-to-end control loop by breaking it up into multiple pipelined shortened sub-loops via intermediaries carefully chosen from an overlay network. As a result, Slot increases the throughput of an end-to-end transport connection to that of the longest sub-loop. This paper studies the potential of Slot and addresses key challenges in the design and the deployment of Slot. The contributions of this paper are three-fold. First, we make the case for Slot by measuring and analyzing the control loop lengths of close to 3.7 million node pairs and their potential benefit from Slot using PlanetLab as an example overlay network. Second, we identify key challenges in the design of Slot and show that a simple, low overhead solution can be used to select an overlay path that can achieve close to the maximum throughput improvement possible. Third, we implement a prototype of Slot and deploy it on PlanetLab to fetch a large set of files crawled from popular web servers. Our results show that compared to directly fetching the same documents, Slot improves the throughput of 95% of the large file transfers, and 50% of these transfers achieve more than 30% increase in throughput.
An efficient DAC and interstage gain error calibration technique for multi-bit pipelined ADCs (2010)

This paper presents a novel digital calibration technique for pipelined ADCs, which compensates both sub-DAC and interstage gain error. The proposed calibration technique is very efficient comparing to other existing calibration techniques, in which only additions and subtractions are employed in this algorithm, no multiplication and division is included. The simplicity of the calibration makes it very easy to be embedded in the mixed signal system design. The power and area overheads due to the calibration circuit are minimized. An example pipelined ADC is designed to demonstrate this calibration technique. Simulation results show that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed calibration technique.
Asymptomatic Incidence and Duration of Prostate Cancer (1998)

Prostate cancer is known as a disease with an extremely high prevalence relative to its clinical incidence in the population. The combination of preclinical incidence and duration that could yield this phenomenon is of tremendous interest to researchers trying to understand the natural history of the disease and to develop efficient screening strategies. In this article, the authors present estimates of the age-specific asymptomatic incidence and average preclinical duration of prostate cancer. The methodological approach is to first estimate the age-specific incidence of new (stage AI) prostate cancers using preclinical prevalence data from autopsy studies performed between 1941 and 1964 and clinical incidence data for the years 1960-1986 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program of the National Cancer Institute. Then, the preclinical prevalence estimates are divided by the derived preclinical incidence estimates to yield estimates of the average duration of asymptomatic disease. The estimated mean duration among white men is between 11 and 12 years and appears to be approximately 1 year shorter for blacks than for whites. Comparison of the lifetime risks of preclinical and clinical disease suggests that approximately 75% of prostate cancers will never become diagnosed if clinical incidence remains at levels observed in 1984-1986, prior to the introduction of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in the population.