gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Méthodes d'apprentissage supervisé pour la structuration automatique de vidéos (2015)

Automatic interpretation and understanding of videos still remains at the frontier of computer vision. The core challenge is to lift the expressive power of the current visual features (as well as features from other modalities, such as audio or text) to be able to automatically recognize typical video sections, with low temporal saliency yet high semantic expression. Examples of such long events include video sections where someone is fishing (TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection), or where the hero argues with a villain in a Hollywood action movie (Inria Action Movies). In this manuscript, we present several contributions towards this goal, focusing on three video analysis tasks: summarization, classification, localisation.First, we propose an automatic video summarization method, yielding a short and highly informative video summary of potentially long videos, tailored for specified categories of videos. We also introduce a new dataset for evaluation of video summarization methods, called MED-Summaries, which contains complete importance-scorings annotations of the videos, along with a complete set of evaluation tools.Second, we introduce a new dataset, called Inria Action Movies, consisting of long movies, and annotated with non-exclusive semantic categories (called beat-categories), whose definition is broad enough to cover most of the movie footage. Categories such as "pursuit" or "romance" in action movies are examples of beat-categories. We propose an approach for localizing beat-events based on classifying shots into beat-categories and learning the temporal constraints between shots.Third, we overview the Inria event classification system developed within the TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection competition and highlight the contributions made during the work on this thesis from 2011 to 2014.
Mefloquine–Oxazolidine Derivatives: A New Class of Anticancer Agents (2013)

A series of 23 racemic mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives, 4-[3-(aryl)hexahydro[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyridin-1-yl]-2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)quinolines, derived from (R*, S*)-(±)-mefloquine and arenealdehydes, have been evaluated for their activity against four cancer cell lines (HCT-8, OVCAR-8, HL-60, and SF-295). Good cytotoxicities have been determined with IC50 values ranging from 0.59 to 4.79 μg/mL. In general compounds with aryl groups having strong electron-releasing substituents, such as HO and MeO, or electron-rich heteroaryl groups, for example imidazol-2-y-l, are active. However, other factors such as steric effects may play a role. As both the active and non-active conformations of the mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives are similar, it is concluded that molecular conformations do not play a significant role either. This study is the first to evaluate mefloquine derivatives as antitumor agents. The mefloquine-oxazolidine derivatives are considered to be useful leads for the rational design of new antitumor agents.
Cooled electrostatic probe. (1967)

Experiments were performed to evaluate the ability of a water-cooled electrostatic probe to measure local electron temperature, electron density, floating potential, and saturation current ratio in dense plasmas (argon up to 20,000°R at 1 atm). The measurements of electron temperature were calibrated against temperatures obtained from simultaneous local measurements of total plasma enthalpy at different temperatures under conditions of known equilibrium by use of a proven calorimetric probe technique and were found to be in agreement within normal experimental error (3% standard deviation from the mean). Using this electron temperature, the measurements of floating potential and saturation current ratio were found to agree with a first-order theoretical approximation to within the accuracy of the approximation. The cooled calorimetric-electrostatic probe was then used to measure the degree of nonequilibrium in a reduced-pressure argon plasma in terms of the difference between local electron and heavy-particle temperatures. Results were in agreement with analytical predictions of a simple freezing criterion. The probe also provided a semiquantitative measurement of plasma turbulence.
Effets multiples du glycérol sur le métabolisme de la cellule végétale non chlorophyllienne (1994)

Nous avons etudie les effets du glycerol sur la croissance et le metabolisme des cellules vegetales non chlorophylliennes, en utilisant des cellules isolees d'erable sycomore (Acer Pseudoplatanus, l. ) et d'Echinochloa. Le glycerol penetre dans les cellules par diffusion. Il est ensuite phosphoryle en SN-glycerol-3-P qui alimente la respiration, via les reactions terminales de la glycolyse. La neoglucogenese est impossible car le SN-glycerol-3-P est un inhibiteur competitif de la glucose-6-phosphate isomerase. Ainsi, la synthese de saccharose, d'amidon et de composes parietaux s'arrete. De plus le cycle oxydatif des pentoses cesse d'etre alimente, ce qui entraine un arret de la synthese des pentoses et de la reduction des nitrates. Lorsque le glycerol est utilise comme seule source de carbone, la croissance des cellules est alors stoppee. Pourtant le seul fonctionnement de la respiration mitochondriale suffit a entretenir durant plusieurs semaines la survie des cellules, qui ne presentent aucun signe d'autophagie. Par contre, une carence de glycerol entrainera brutalement le processus autophagique. Par ailleurs, nous avons observe que le glycerol entraine l'accumulation d'oligopolysaccharides de types B-1,3 et de phosphohomoserine (un intermediaire de la synthese d'isoleucine, issu de l'aspartate) lorsque le milieu de culture contient du saccharose. En utilisant l'homoserine (dont nous avons caracterise le transport actif dans les cellules et la metabolisation) et les herbicides inhibant l'acetolactate synthase, nous avons montre que le site principal de regulation de la synthese in vivo de l'isoleucine est situe au niveau de la threonine deshydratase. Une observation a ete mentionnee en annexe : l'induction de la respiration insensible au cyanure par les inhibiteurs de l'acetolactate synthase
Galerkin's method and the variational procedure (2002)

Galerkin's method and the variational procedure, when applied to most practical problems in electromagnetics, lead to matrix equations of the same form. Variational procedures for self-adjoint and nonself-adjoint operators also result in the same form of matrix equations for a large subclass of problems. However, the three cases may yield different matrix equations in general. This paper examines the subclass of problems for which these methods result in the same matrix equation and provides systematic ways for classification of problems for which two or all three of the cases lead to the same matrix equation. It also describes properties of the coefficient matrix in the matrix equation.
DATAMAN project: Towards a Mosaic-like Location-Dependant Information Service for Mobile Clients (1995)

The goal of the DATAMAN project is to develop primitives and build and environment for location-dependant applications. In such applications, information requested by the user depends on the location from which it is accessed, and which may be invalidated or continue to be valid when a user changes location. This paper conceptually describes the main primitives and a preliminary implementation of an intelligent building demonstrating the use of some of these primitives.
Phycobilisome-Deficient Strains of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 Have Reduced Size and Require Carbon-Limiting Conditions to Exhibit Enhanced Productivity   (2014)

Reducing excessive light harvesting in photosynthetic organisms may increase biomass yields by limiting photoinhibition and increasing light penetration in dense cultures. The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 harvests light via the phycobilisome, which consists of an allophycocyanin core and six radiating rods, each with three phycocyanin (PC) discs. Via targeted gene disruption and alterations to the promoter region, three mutants with two (p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C) and one (ΔCpcC1C2:p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C) PC discs per rod or lacking PC (olive) were generated. Photoinhibition and chlorophyll levels decreased upon phycobilisome reduction, although greater penetration of white light was observed only in the PC-deficient mutant. In all strains cultured at high cell densities, most light was absorbed by the first 2 cm of the culture. Photosynthesis and respiration rates were also reduced in the ΔCpcC1C2:p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C and olive mutants. Cell size was smaller in the p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C and olive strains. Growth and biomass accumulation were similar between the wild-type and p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C under a variety of conditions. Growth and biomass accumulation of the olive mutant were poorer in carbon-saturated cultures but improved in carbon-limited cultures at higher light intensities, as they did in the ΔCpcC1C2:p<sub>cpc</sub>T→C mutant. This study shows that one PC disc per rod is sufficient for maximal light harvesting and biomass accumulation, except under conditions of high light and carbon limitation, and two or more are sufficient for maximal oxygen evolution. To our knowledge, this study is the first to measure light penetration in bulk cultures of cyanobacteria and offers important insights into photobioreactor design.
解放的形式——芭芭拉·赫普沃思的联合国纪念碑 (2001)

在纽约联合国总部的场地上有一件大型青铜雕塑——《唯一形式》，它是为达格·哈玛绍(1903—75)所作的纪念碑。这件高21英尺的带孔盾状雕塑是英国艺术家芭芭拉·赫普沃思(1903—75)的作品，正如雕塑名字所示，它表达的是对联合国秘书长哈玛绍超凡领导能力的敬意。在世界上，就公共艺术来说，尽管这件雕塑的位置是最引人注目的，尽管赫普沃思是世界著名的雕塑家，但雕塑并没有引起人们足够的重视，批评家对赫普沃思雕塑作品(尤其是其后期作品)的学术评价也日渐减少。
Automated temperature characterization for packaged integrated circuits using on-chip electrostatic discharge structures (2009)

This thesis proposes an improved approach to perform temperature\ncharacterization for packaged integrated circuits. In the semiconductor industry,\nreleasing parts late to market reduces early revenue for any given product line. The\nobjective of this work is to lower overall project development cost and to reduce time\nto market by reducing the time required to perform temperature characterization at\nmultiple temperature points. This goal has been achieved by eliminating the soak\ntime, resulting in time savings of about 750 minutes, upfront, for a pre-production\ncharacterization sample of 30 units at 7 different temperatures across a 200 °C\ntemperature range. Also, this method provides extended capability to collect more data\nwith no additional test time, providing a better understanding of the device being\ncharacterized. This method is more user friendly and convenient. On-chip Electrostatic\nDischarge (ESD) protection diodes have been used to measure the die temperature, an\nAutomated Test Equipment (ATE) and Precision Temperature Forcing System (PTFS)\nhave been interfaced using General Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB), and Pascal routines\nhave been written to control PTFS from the ATE test program.\nConventional temperature characterization involves first soaking the device at\na given temperature for a fixed time, followed by executing the device’s test sequence\non the ATE. Soaking is done to bring the device to thermal equilibrium. The soak time\nbecomes significant as the number of temperature points and sample size increases.\nThis thesis suggests monitoring an on-chip temperature-sensitive parameter, for\nexample, voltage drop across a forward biased ESD diode, and simultaneously\nheating/ cooling the device to a known temperature at a known rate. As and when the\ndesired temperature is achieved, the device’s test sequence is executed.\nA 20 pin, buck voltage converter housed in TSSOP-PWP package has been\nused to demonstrate this approach. For accurate temperature measurements, ESD\nprotection diodes were first calibrated in an oven at thermal equilibrium at 9 different\ntemperature points across 200 °C. The Least square estimation method was used to\nobtain a linear relation between the forward voltage (Vd) and the junction temperature (T) for the diode. The effect of temperature variation across the die was minimized by\ndoing temperature measurements at different pins across the die. After analyzing the\npreliminary results, different temperature ramping profiles were implemented, and\nrecommendations were made. The approach has been optimized for a given ATE test\nprogram for the buck voltage regulator that has been used in the experiments.\nDifferent temperature ramping methodologies were implemented. Based upon\nthe experimental results, comparisons between different methodologies were made.\nAlso, the effect of increasing the temperature ramp rate on total characterization time\nand measurement variation were experimentally determined.
Compact Integration of a GSM-19 Magnetic Sensor with High-Precision Positioning using VRS GNSS Technology (2009)

Magnetic data consists of a sequence of collected points with spatial coordinates and magnetic information. The spatial location of these points needs to be as exact as possible in order to develop a precise interpretation of magnetic anomalies. GPS is a valuable tool for accomplishing this objective, especially if the RTK approach is used. In this paper the VRS (Virtual Reference Station) technique is introduced as a new approach for real-time positioning of magnetic sensors. The main advantages of the VRS approach are, firstly, that only a single GPS receiver is needed (no base station is necessary), reducing field work and equipment costs. Secondly, VRS can operate at distances separated 50-70 km from the reference stations without degrading accuracy. A compact integration of a GSM-19 magnetometer sensor with a geodetic GPS antenna is presented; this integration does not diminish the operational flexibility of the original magnetometer and can work with the VRS approach. The coupled devices were tested in marshlands around Gandia, a city located approximately 100 km South of Valencia (Spain), thought to be the site of a Roman cemetery. The results obtained show adequate geometry and high-precision positioning for the structures to be studied (a comparison with the original low precision GPS of the magnetometer is presented). Finally, the results of the magnetic survey are of great interest for archaeological purposes.
Iraq and the Serious Consequences of Word Games: Language, Violence and Responsibility in the Security Council (2002)

For some months now and with special intensity in the past few weeks, a battle over legal process – what may or may not the United States do militarily in Iraq without new authorization from the UN Security Council, and at what stage and under what conditions should a Council resolution give such authorization? – has simultaneously become a battle over what words in a resolution will be sufficient to count as implicit authorization. The current diplomatic discourse around a new Iraq resolution is focussing on one or more “hidden triggers” in the draft text presented by the US on October 21.
Fabrication and microstructure analysis on zinc oxide nanotubes (2003)

Well crystallized aligned zinc oxide nanoscale tubular structures have been fabricated via vapour phase growth on large area substrates. The ZnO nanotubes have regular polyhedral shapes, hollow cores with diameters of 30–100 nm, lengths over a few tens of micrometres and wall thicknesses of 4–10 nm. In morphology, the nanotubes were either straight or twisted with several straight parts. The microstructure of the tubular material was investigated in detail by using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Z-contrast imaging and compositional line profile analysis. The chemical composition of individual tubular structures was found to be stoichiometric ZnO using selected area energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and selected area electron diffraction results indicated that the ZnO nanotubes had wurtzite crystal structure. XRD analysis and HRTEM investigations indicated the ZnO nanotubes were grown along the [001] direction. The growth of the tubular ZnO nanostructures was found to be closely related to the hexagonal nature of the ZnO crystal and the peculiar growth conditions used.
Factors Associated with the Indication of Child Abuse Reports (1995)

This studv of 414 actual child abuse investigations analyzes the impact of a variety of procedural, evidentiary, risk-related, and other case factors on case investigation outcomes-indication or unfounding. Cases from three categories of child abuse reported by mandated reporters are examined: sexual abuse, physical abuse, and risk of harm. Correlational and logistic regression analyses are used to explore the differential impact of case factors on investigation decisions, showing that their impact differs significantly by abuse type. In sexual abuse cases, victim input is of overriding importance in determining outcome, whereas the worker's assessment of risk is paramount in physical abuse cases. Some other notable findings include a relationship between having interviewed the victim at home and an unfounded outcome in physical abuse and risk of harm cases, a relationship between substance abuse and indication of sexual abuse and risk of harm cases, a strong relationship between witness input and indication in all abuse cases, and a relationship between younger age of the victim and an unfounded outcome in sexual abuse cases.
Agent and Cyber-Physical System Based Self-Organizing and Self-Adaptive Intelligent Shopfloor (2016)

The increasing demand of customized production results in huge challenges to the traditional manufacturing systems. In order to allocate resources timely according to the production requirements and to reduce disturbances, a framework for the future intelligent shopfloor is proposed in this paper. The framework consists of three primary models, namely the model of smart machine agent, the self-organizing model, and the self-adaptive model. A cyber-physical system for manufacturing shopfloor based on the multiagent technology is developed to realize the above-mentioned function models. Gray relational analysis and the hierarchy conflict resolution methods were applied to achieve the self-organizing and self-adaptive capabilities, thereby improving the reconfigurability and responsiveness of the shopfloor. A prototype system is developed, which has the adequate flexibility and robustness to configure resources and to deal with disturbances effectively. This research provides a feasible method for designing an autonomous factory with exception-handling capabilities.
Metabolic Engineering of Glycerol Production in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2002)

Inactivation of TPI1, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae structural gene encoding triose phosphate isomerase, completely eliminates growth on glucose as the sole carbon source. In tpi1-null mutants, intracellular accumulation of dihydroxyacetone phosphate might be prevented if the cytosolic NADH generated in glycolysis by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were quantitatively used to reduce dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerol. We hypothesize that the growth defect of tpi1-null mutants is caused by mitochondrial reoxidation of cytosolic NADH, thus rendering it unavailable for dihydroxyacetone-phosphate reduction. To test this hypothesis, a tpi1delta nde1delta nde2delta gut2delta quadruple mutant was constructed. NDE1 and NDE2 encode isoenzymes of mitochondrial external NADH dehydrogenase; GUT2 encodes a key enzyme of the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle. It has recently been demonstrated that these two systems are primarily responsible for mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic NADH in S. cerevisiae. Consistent with the hypothesis, the quadruple mutant grew on glucose as the sole carbon source. The growth on glucose, which was accompanied by glycerol production, was inhibited at high-glucose concentrations. This inhibition was attributed to glucose repression of respiratory enzymes as, in the quadruple mutant, respiratory pyruvate dissimilation is essential for ATP synthesis and growth. Serial transfer of the quadruple mutant on high-glucose media yielded a spontaneous mutant with much higher specific growth rates in high-glucose media (up to 0.10 h(-1) at 100 g of glucose. liter(-1)). In aerated batch cultures grown on 400 g of glucose. liter(-1), this engineered S. cerevisiae strain produced over 200 g of glycerol. liter(-1), corresponding to a molar yield of glycerol on glucose close to unity.
Synthesis and investigation of polybenzimidazoles containing alkyl substituents in aromatic nuclei (1971)

Abstract Polybenzimidazoles have been synthesized from 3,3′‐diamino‐5,5′‐dimethylbenzidine, 3,3′,4,4′‐tetraamino‐5,5′‐dimethyldiphenylmethane, bis(3‐amino‐4‐methylamino)phenylmethane, bis(3‐amino‐4‐methylamino‐5‐methyl)phenylmethane, and diphenyl esters of adipic, sebacic, isophthalic, and terephthalic acids and 4,4′‐dicarboxydiphenyl oxide by solid‐phase polyheterocyclization. Properties of the polybenzimidazoles have been studied. The polymers have high thermal stability. They are soluble in a number of organic solvents and give strong, elastic films. Solubility and thermal stability of polybenzimidazoles is determined by the methyl group position in the polymeric chain. The influence of other alkyl substituents on properties of polybenzimidazoles have been investigated. The polymer structure has been studied by infrared and PMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Formation Damage Issues Impacting the Productivity of Low Permeability, Low Initial Water Saturation Gas Producing Formations (2005)

Very low in situ permeability gas reservoirs (Kgas<0.1mD) are very common and represent a major portion of the current exploitation market for unconventional gas production. Many of these reservoirs exist regionally in Canada and the United States and also on a worldwide basis. A considerable fraction of these formations appear to exist in a state of noncapillary equilibrium (abnormally low initial water saturation given the pore geometry and capillary pressure characteristics of the rock). These reservoirs have many unique challenges associated with the drilling and completion practices required in order to obtain economic production rates. Formation damage mechanisms affecting these very low permeability gas reservoirs, with a particular emphasis on relative permeability and capillary pressure effects (phase trapping) will be discussed in this article. Examples of reservoirs prone to these types of problems will be reviewed, and techniques which can be used to minimize the impact of formation damage on the productivity of tight gas reservoirs of this type will be presented.