gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microtubule‐Dissociating Drugs and A23187 Reveal Differences in the Inhibition of Synaptosomal Transmitter Release by Botulinum Neurotoxins Types A and B (1991)

The inhibitory effects of botulinum neurotoxins types A and B on Ca2(+)-dependent evoked release of [3H]noradrenaline from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes were compared and their molecular basis investigated. A23187, a Ca2+ ionophore, proved more efficacious in reversing the blockade produced by type A than that by B, whereas the actions of neither were changed by increasing intraterminal cyclic GMP levels using 8-bromo-cyclic GMP of nitroprusside. Disruption of the actin-based cytoskeleton with cytochalasin D did not alter the inhibition seen subsequently with either toxin. However, prior disassembly of microtubules with colchicine, nocodazole, or griseofulvin reduced the potency of type B toxin, but not that of type A toxin; stabilization of the microtubules with taxol counteracted this effect of colchicine. Because colchicine treatment of synaptosomes did not interfere with the measurable binding of type B toxin or its apparent uptake, it appears to act intracellularly. Collectively, these data suggest that botulinum neurotoxins types A and B inactivate transmitter release by interaction at different sites in the process. Based on the consistent results observed with four different drugs known to affect selectively microtubules, their involvement in the action of the type B neurotoxin is proposed.
Strength Analysis of the Induction Spot and Full Bonding Processes (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">When utilizing induction heating for curing adhesives to obtain quick handling strength, heating the complete bond line is the accepted and proven process. Challenging this process is the induction spot curing (partial cure of the bond line) process. This paper will analyze the strength of the induction spot curing process, and compare it to the strength attained when we induction cure the entire bond line. Both one and two component adhesives, as well as metal and plastic substrates, will be examined. Examples and application advantages of both processes will also be presented.</div>
A Hepadnavirus Regulatory Element Enhances Expression of a Type 2 Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus E2 Protein from a Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Vector (2003)

Recently, the possibility of using virus vectors to immunize cattle against selected bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) genes has gained widespread interest. However, when we attempted to express the E2 protein from type 2 (890 strain) BVDV in a bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV1) vector, we observed that expression was poor. This often happens when genes from a cytoplasmic virus are expressed in the cell nucleus. To counter this effect, we attempted to enhance expression by a strategy employed by viruses. RNAs of retroviruses and hepadnaviruses contain cis-acting elements that facilitate expression of RNAs that otherwise are degraded or retained within the nucleus. In Mason-Pfizer monkey virus, the required RNA sequence element is known as a constitutive transport element (CTE). A related element from woodchuck hepatitis virus is known as the woodchuck posttranscriptional regulatory element (WPRE). We tested the ability of the CTE, the WPRE, and introns to enhance expression of E2. All three elements stimulated expression of E2 from plasmids. The combination of the WPRE and an intron yielded the highest level of E2 expression in plasmids. However, when E2 was expressed from a BHV1 vector, the presence of an intron was inhibitory. In contrast, the WPRE was very efficient at stimulating E2 expression from a BHV1 vector. This result represents the first expression of a type 2 BVDV E2 protein from a mammalian virus vector and raises the possibility that the WPRE may provide a general method of enhancing foreign gene expression from BHV1 and other herpesvirus vectors.
Wireless Assisted GPS-SiRF Architecture and Field Test Results (1999)

Wireless E911 service has recently attracted much
interest. Knowledge of a cell phone caller’s location can
greatly improve emergency dispatch time. The FCC has
now mandated that all cellular, personal communications
service (PCS) and other wireless operators implement an
E911 location capability by October 2001. The currently
mandated accuracy for wireless E911 is 125 meters
(RMS) horizontal at least 67% of the time. Several types of network-based locations services have
been tested, but all require considerable network cost and
only achieve marginal accuracy and availability results.
GPS positioning promises significant advantages in terms
of availability and location accuracy over network-based
solutions. However, the E911 environment is quite
different from traditional GPS applications. Much of the
data required for satellite acquisition, signal tracking, time
synchronization and location determination can be
obtained from the wireless network much faster than it
can be gotten directly from GPS satellites. Thus, time-to-first-
fix, even from a cold start situation, signal
sensitivity, and position accuracy are all improved with
respect to a stand-alone GPS receiver.
The SiRFLoc™ architecture for wireless phone positioning
services including E911 seamlessly supports any level of
network assistance from standalone to network centric. It
exhibits greatly improved signal sensitivity. Contrary to
several other E911 implementations, SiRFLoc can be
operated in a handset-centric mode that adds a very limited
burden to the wireless network, and achieves overall
performance at least as good as the network-centric
methods. SiRFLoc can also, if required, support a
network-centric type of architecture. Finally, SiRFLoc can
be used as a standalone GPS receiver, when network
assistance is not available (out of range, or network
assistance not implemented or failing), or when the assisted
mode performance is not desired or too costly. SiRFLoc is
very effective in terms of cost, volume, and power
consumption and is easily and seamlessly integrated into
any current generation cellular handset.
Field testing of SiRFLoc demonstrates significant
performance improvements in terms of time-to-first-fix,
weak signal acquisition, tracking (indoor capabilities),
and position accuracy.
Day-case versus overnight stay for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (2008)

Day-case elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy seems to be a safe and effective intervention in selected patients (with no or minimal systemic disease and within easy reach of the hospital) with symptomatic gallstones. Because of the decreased hospital stay, it is likely to save costs.
In Vitro Evaluation of the 18 and 36 kg Securos Cranial Cruciate Ligament Repair System<sup>™</sup> (2005)

Surgeons should be aware that crimp-clamp design is important in controlling suture slippage or breakage within the clamp, and that novel systems should undergo mechanical testing with the size suture material they are intended to secure before clinical use.
Unsteady Energy Transport Applied to Flame Transfer Functions and Reduced Order Models (2015)

Combustion instability is the largest technical risk in propulsion system development. Even with current CFD simulation capabilities, modeling an entire rocket system with unsteady CFD is not feasible. On the other hand, the complex interactions of mixing, combustion, vorticity, and more, make predictive analytical and reduced order models less-ideal as well. In this paper a methodology for using energy based methods to rigorously combine localized high fidelity unsteady CFD simulations with large scale system models is presented. This method identifies unsteady energy as a generalized energy based flame transfer function (EFTF) that captures all sources of unsteady energy production. The methods are discussed and a simple demonstration involving a partially premixed air/methane injector element driven at several amplitudes and frequencies is used to depict the process.
Palmitoylation Increases the Kinase Activity of the G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase, GRK6 (1998)

The G protein-coupled receptor kinase GRK6 undergoes posttranslational modification by palmitoylation. Palmitoylated GRK6 is associated with the membrane, while nonpalmitoylated GRK6 remains cytosolic. We have separated palmitoylated from nonpalmitoylated GRK6 to assess their relative kinase activity. Palmitoylated GRK6 is 10-fold more active at phosphorylating beta2-adrenergic receptor than nonpalmitoylated wild-type GRK6 or a nonpalmitoylatable mutant GRK6. A nonpalmitoylatable mutant GRK6 which has been further mutated to undergo posttranslational geranylgeranylation is also more active, recovering most of the activity of the palmitoylated enzyme. This activity increase by lipid modification is expected, as the lipid helps GRK6 localize to cellular membranes where its receptor substrates are found. However, when assayed using a soluble protein (casein) as a substrate, both palmitoylated and prenylated GRK6 display significantly higher activity than nonpalmitoylated wild-type or nonpalmitoylatable mutant GRK6 kinases. This increased activity is not altered by addition of exogenous palmitate or phosphatidycholine vesicles, arguing that it is not due to direct activation of GRK6 by binding palmitate, nor to nonspecific association of the GRK6 with casein. Further, chemical depalmitoylation reduces the casein phosphorylation activity of the palmitoylated, but not prenylated, GRK6 kinase. Thus, palmitoylation of GRK6 appears to play a dual role in increasing the activity of GRK6: it increases the hydrophobicity and membrane association of the GRK6 protein, which helps bring the GRK6 to its membrane-bound substrates, and it increases the kinase catalytic activity of GRK6.
Performance Study on Seamless DA2GC for Aircraft Passengers toward 5G (2017)

Mobile users seek ubiquitous broadband connectivity even during a flight above the clouds. As many passengers are expected to be connected to high-speed Internet, robust and high-capacity direct air-to-ground communication (DA2GC) to connect the aircraft with the ground cellular network is particularly attractive. In this article, we assess the capacity limitations of DA2GC links provided to an aircraft by employing currently available 4G radio technologies. Further, we study different capacity enhancement techniques toward 5G such as an implementation of Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output (MU-MIMO) or coordinated beamsteering to improve DA2GC capacity. We also compare DA2GC performance with connectivity offered by satellites. According to our results, a DA2GC network extended with techniques toward 5G can increase the capacity available per aircraft by nearly 100 Mb/s in comparison with the 4G DA2GC network, assuming 20 MHz bandwidth is exploited. Although the maximum capacity provided by the 5G DA2GC network and satellite communication is the same, satellite communication exhibits only 40 Mb/s for 10000 deployed satellites on average. To motivate future investigation in this field, this article also outlines open challenges and research directions toward more efficient DA2GC.
A wireless power transfer system for low power electronics charging applications (2011)

This paper proposes the design, simulation and implementation of a wireless power transfer system utilising the concept of inductively coupled power transfer (ICPT). The magnetic structures of the system, the ICPT platform and pick-up, are custom-designed and simulated to enhance power transfer and efficiency through finite-element-method analysis software. Next, the ICPT platform, consisting of a single-layer of rectangular spiral arrays, was implemented on printed-circuit-board and the pick-up was constructed using ferromagnetic material. Overall, the prototype system was shown to induce a relatively uniform low-power across the ICPT platform, to justify the use of such a system in low-power inductive-charging electronics-applications.
Collimated magnetron sputter deposition (1991)

A technique to deposit films compatible with lift-off patterning techniques and hole filling has been developed for large magnetron sputter deposition systems. This technique allows the patterned sputter deposition of Cu films, as well as other relevant metal or alloy systems, using conventional lift-off lithography techniques. To overcome the gas scattering effects which are prevalent in the normal range of magnetron operation and which would prohibit lift-off of a photoresist mask by coating the sides of the mask, a hollow cathode electron source has been implemented near the magnetron cathode which allows operation (i.e., sputtering) of the cathode at full power in the low 10−4 Torr range. At this pressure, the mean free path for the sputtered atoms greatly exceeds the typical cathode-to-sample throw distance of 5–7 cm. To overcome the broadness of the sputtering target and the cosine-like distribution of the emitted, sputtered atoms, an array of collimating tubes is placed just above the sample to restrict the depositing flux to normal incidence ±5°. Atoms whose trajectory is more than 5° from normal are deposited on the inner surfaces of the collimators. The collimators are water cooled and grounded, which significantly reduces the thermal load on the samples due to electron bombardment. The lift-off samples must be backed and moved behind the collimators so as to eliminate shadowing and nonuniformity effects. Measured deposition rates for Cu are several hundred angstroms per minute at 1.5 kW discharge power for a 15 cm diam magnetron at 10−4 Torr using a 4:1 aspect ratio collimator. No degradation of the lift-off mask is observed, and the resulting, patterned films have little if any debris from deposition on the sides of the mask structures. Hole filling at aspect ratios up to 3.0 has been observed. The technique scales to virtually any size cathode, and has been tested on manufacturing scale systems with cathode diameters up to 30 cm and at powers approaching 30 kW.
Phenolic and tannin‐based adhesive resins by reactions of coordinated metal ligands. II. Tannin adhesive preparation, characteristics, and application (1979)

Abstract The accelerating effect due to bivalent metal ions observed in simple phenol–formaldehyde reactions are also observed in tannin–formaldehyde resins. Tannin steric hindrance prevents the retarding effect of trivalent metallic ions on tannin–formaldehyde reactions. Small amounts of metal ions do not significantly increase flavonoid B‐ring participation to the crosslinking of tannin–formaldehyde networks. Improved plywood strength and shorter pressing times are obtained by the addition of metal ions to tannin/formaldehyde resins. These results are due to faster curing promoted by the presence of the metal ions.
Expression of the DAF (CD55) and CD59 antigens during normal hematopoietic cell differentiation (1992)

Expression of decay-accelerating factor (DAF or CD55) and of CD59 during hematopoietic cell development in normal bone marrow and on peripheral blood leukocytes were characterized by three-color immunofluorescence experiments. With this technique cell subsets were identified by forward light scatter, orthogonal light scatter, and two cell-surface antigens. For each cell lineage, specific combinations of two monoclonal antibodies labeled with different fluorochromes were used. DAF or CD59 were then quantitated on the defined cell subsets from the fluorescence signal of the respective antibody conjugated with a third fluorochrome. Early uncommitted hematopoietic progenitor cells (CD34+, CD38-) all expressed both proteins homogeneously. Initial commitment to the erythroid (CD71+, CD45dim), myeloid (CD33+), or B lymphocyte (CD10+) lineages was not associated with changes in DAF or CD59 levels. With erythroid development, i.e., after loss of CD45 and decrease of CD71, expression of both proteins decreased. With myeloid maturation, expression of CD59 remained constant and expression of DAF varied. During neutrophil maturation, DAF decreased initially and then reemerged on maturing neutrophils concurrently with the appearance of CD16 (Fc gamma RIII), whereas during monocyte maturation, DAF increased concurrently with up-regulation of CD14. With B cell development, expression of DAF increased concurrently with down-regulation of CD10 and up-regulation of CD20, whereas expression of CD59 diminished slightly late in B cell maturation. Analysis of peripheral blood elements showed that monocytes, neutrophils, and B lymphocytes expressed both proteins homogeneously, but that in contrast to other cell subsets, which all expressed CD59, only a subset of (CD3+) T lymphocytes and (CD16+) Natural killer cells expressed DAF. The absence of DAF was not related to CD4 or CD8 expression or to the presence of activation markers (CD25+, CD38+), memory cell markers (CD58+, CD45RO+), or virgin T cell markers (CD45RA+), but was correlated with expression of CD11b (CR3) and CD11c (gp150/95). Although CD21+ (CR2) and CD35+ (CR1) cells all expressed DAF, CD11a (LFA-1) levels correlated inversely with those of DAF. Although the presence of CD55 and CD59 on early progenitor cells and throughout hematopoietic cell development is consistent with the requirements for both proteins in protection of host cells from complement-mediated injury, the physiological relevance of the unique patterns of variation for each cell lineage is unclear. Nevertheless, the availability of a detailed DAF and CD59 expression map in normal marrow will facilitate analyses of alterations during hematopoietic development that may occur in hematological disorders including paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).
A Coarse-Grained Reconfigurable Processor for Sequencing and Phylogenetic Algorithms in Bioinformatics (2011)

A coarse-grained reconfigurable processor tailored for accelerating multiple bioinformatics algorithms is proposed. In this paper, a programmable and scalable architectural platform instantiates an array of coarse grained light weight processing elements, which allows arbitrary partitioning, scheduling schemes and capable of solving complete four popular bioinformatics algorithms: the Needleman-Wunsch, Smith-Waterman, and HMMER on sequencing, and Maximum Likelihood on phylogenetic. The key difference of the proposed CGRA based solution compared to FPGA and GPU based solutions is a much better match on architecture and algorithms for the core computational needs, as well as the system level architectural needs. For the same degree of parallelism, we provide a 5X to 14X speed-up improvements compared to FPGA solutions and 15X to 78X compared to GPU acceleration on 3 sequencing algorithms. We also provide 2.8X speed-up compared to FPGA with the same amount of core logic and 70X compared to GPU with the same silicon area for Maximum Likelihood.
Anomalous dispersion as a phase-matching technique for second harmonic generation (1990)

Anomalous dispersion (the decrease in refractive index which is associated with absorption) can be used to produce a phase-matched condition for second harmonic generation. This process also gives rise to large increases in the useful second order hyperpolarizability. A new, soluble NLO dye with exceptionally low absorption near 400 nm has been used for anomalous dispersion phase-matching studies in thin films.
Consideration on Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the New Era (2008)

This article made a discuss on the importance of correct recognition and objective evolution of traditional Chinese medicine in the new era from such aspects as elements that promoting the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),insufficiencies that restricting TCM development,and routes that solving the problems encountered in TCM development.

Key words: 
Development of traditional Chinese medicine; New era
Synthesis and Evaluation of the Antiproliferative Activities of Derivatives of Carboxyalkyl Isoflavones linked to N-t-Boc-hexylenediamine (2007)

The isoflavones biochanin A ( 1a), genistein ( 1b), and daidzein ( 4) at concentrations >20 microM inhibit cell growth of various cancer cell lines. To enhance the antiproliferative activities of these compounds, we synthesized three analogs, 2-[3-carboxy-(6-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-hexylamino-propyl]-7,5-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavone ( 3a), 2-[3-[N-[6-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-aminohexyl]]-caboxamidopropyl]-5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone ( 3b), and 5-{2-[3-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)-4-oxo-4 H-chromen-7-yloxy]-acetylamino}-pentyl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester ( 6). When cancer cells expressing predominantly estrogen receptor mRNA of the beta- relative to alpha-subtype were treated with 3a, 3b, or 6, DNA synthesis was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, ranging from 15 to 3000 nmol/L, with little inhibitory effect in normal vascular smooth muscle cells. Compound 6 was the most potent one, and its antiproliferative effect in cancer cells was modulated by estrogen and by the apoptosis inhibitor Z-VADFK. When tested in vivo, compound 6 decreased tumor volume of ovarian xenografts by 50%, with no apparent toxicity. Compound 6 may be a promising agent for therapy of cancer either alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic agents.
Monitoring and Purification of Proteins Using Bovine Papillomavirus E2 Epitope Tags (2000)

We describe here the use of two newly mapped bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1) E2 protein epitopes as tags. We constructed several vector plasmids for overexpression as well as for moderate expression of single- or double-tagged proteins in either Escherichia coli or eukaryotic cells. The new tags were fused to several proteins, and the activity of the tagged proteins was tested in different assays. The tags were shown not to interfere with the function of these proteins in vivo and in vitro. Interaction of the monoclonal antibodies 3F12 and 1E2 with their respective epitopes was specific and had high affinity in a variety of conditions. We have demonstrated that the 3F12 antibody-epitope interaction tolerates high salt concentrations up to 2 M. This permits immunoprecipitation and immunopurification of the tagged proteins in high-salt buffers and reduction of the nonspecific binding of the contaminating proteins. We also provide a protocol for DNA binding and DNase I footprinting assays using the tagged, resin-bound DNA-binding proteins. The BPV-1 E2-derived tags can be recommended as useful tools for detection and purification of proteins.
Protection from apoptotic cell death by interleukin-4 is increased in previously treated chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (1997)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells were cultured in a medium supplemented with 0.01-1 ng/ml interleukin-4 (IL-4) for 18 h, fixed and analyzed on a flow cytometer. The percentage of apoptotic (AP) cells with hypodiploid DNA content was determined from DNA histograms. IL-4 at 0.01 ng/ml protected from spontaneous apoptosis of cells from previously treated CLL patients, but had very little effect on apoptotic death in cultures of cells from untreated patients. The number of AP cells in the absence of IL-4 was similar in cultures from treated and untreated patients. The concentration of IL-4 which inhibited spontaneous apoptosis by 50% was less than 0.01 ng/ml for pretreated patients and close to 1 ng/ml for untreated patients. Stage of the disease had no effect on the level of spontaneous apoptosis and its sensitivity to IL-4. Protection from apoptosis by IL-4 was not accompanied by the upregulation of bcl-2 protein. The number of AP cells in methylprednisolone hemisuccinate (MP) treated cultures from previously treated patients was significantly lower than in cultures from untreated patients in the presence of 0.01-1.0 ng/ml IL-4. Treatment with the combination L-phenylalanine mustard (L-PAM)+ fludarabine induced synergistic apoptotic response. Apoptosis induced by this combination was relatively resistant to IL-4 in patients treated with chlorambucil and prednisone, but not in patients previously treated with fludarabine. Protection from cytotoxicity by IL-4 may be one of the mechanisms of acquired drug resistance in CLL.