gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Local type inference (1998)

We study two partial type inference methods for a language combining subtyping and impredicative polymorphism. Both methods are local in the sense that missing annotations are recovered using only information from adjacent nodes in the syntax tree, without long-distance constraints such as unification variables. One method infers type arguments in polymorphic applications using a local constraint solver. The other infers annotations on bound variables in function. abstractions by propagating type constraints downward from enclosing application nodes. We motivate our design choices by a statistical analysis of the uses of type inference in a sizable body of existing ML code.
The recovery of distorted band-limited stochastic processes (1973)

This paper deals with the problem of recovering a band-limited process after it has been distorted by an instantaneous non-linearity and subsequently band-limited. Several uniqueness theorems for the input-output relationships are derived. In contrast with the deterministic case, no requirement that the nonlinearity be monotonic is made here. An iterative procedure for the recovery of the input is presented. Applications to two-level quantizers are considered, and a new result on the determination of a band-limited Gaussian process from its zero crossings is obtained.
Positive charge is an important feature of the C-terminal transport signal of the VirB/D4-translocated proteins of <i>Agrobacterium</i> (2005)

Several human pathogens and the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens use a type IV secretion system for translocation of effector proteins into host cells. How effector proteins are selected for transport is unknown, but a C-terminal transport signal is present in the proteins translocated by the A. tumefaciens VirB/D4 type IV secretion system. We characterized this signal in the virulence protein VirF by alanine scanning and further site-directed mutagenesis. The Cre recombinase was used as a reporter to measure the translocation efficiency of Cre-Vir fusions from A. tumefaciens to Arabidopsis. The data unambiguously showed that positive charge is an essential characteristic of the C-terminal transport signal. We increased the sensitivity of this translocation assay by modifying the Cre-induced readout in host cells from kanamycin resistance to GFP expression. This improvement allowed us to detect translocation of the VirD2 relaxase protein in the absence of transferred DNA, showing that attachment to the transferred DNA is not essential for transport by the VirB/D4 system. We also found another translocated effector protein, namely the VirD5 protein encoded by the tumor-inducing plasmid. According to secondary structure predictions, the C termini of all VirB/D4-translocated proteins identified so far are unstructured; however, they contain a characteristic hydropathic profile. Based on sequence alignments and mutational analysis of VirF, we conclude that the C-terminal transport signal for recruitment and translocation of effector proteins by the A. tumefaciens VirB/D4 system is hydrophilic and has a net positive charge with a consensus motif of R-X(7)-R-X-R-X-R-X-X(n)>.
Continuous Ion Exchange Equipment Adapted to Water and Dilute Waste Treatment (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTContinuous Ion Exchange Equipment Adapted to Water and Dilute Waste TreatmentIrwin R. HigginsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 8, 635–637Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50620a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50620a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views190Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electronic transport properties of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>PbTe</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>AgPb</mml:mi><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>SbTe</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mi>m</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>systems (2006)

Transport calculations using the Boltzmann equation within energy-dependent relaxation time approximations were performed for $\mathrm{PbTe}$ and ${\mathrm{AgPb}}_{m}{\mathrm{SbTe}}_{2+m}$ (LAST-m) systems. We have used both the nonparabolic Kane model for the energy dispersion and the energy dispersion given by ab initio electronic structure calculations. For $\mathrm{PbTe}$ we find that the temperature dependence of the density of states effective mass ${m}_{d}$ is very important in order to have good agreement with experiment for electrical conductivity $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and thermopower $S$. Transport calculations in $n$-type $\mathrm{PbTe}$ using the energy dispersion given by the ab initio electronic structure results in overestimation of $\ensuremath{\sigma}$ and underestimation of $S$ because the temperature dependence of ${m}_{d}$ cannot be incorporated in the calculation of the chemical potential. Transport calculations in $n$-type LAST-m systems using the nonparabolic Kane model for the energy dispersion show a small enhancement of the power factor $(\ensuremath{\sigma}{S}^{2})$ in $0--500\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ temperature range relative to $\mathrm{PbTe}$. The observed large ZT values of the LAST-12 and LAST-18 systems are a combination of a small enhancement of the power factor and a strong reduction in the thermal conductivity due to the formation of $\mathrm{Ag}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Sb}$ microstructures.
If I Were You: Perceptual Illusion of Body Swapping (2008)

The concept of an individual swapping his or her body with that of another person has captured the imagination of writers and artists for decades. Although this topic has not been the subject of investigation in science, it exemplifies the fundamental question of why we have an ongoing experience of being located inside our bodies. Here we report a perceptual illusion of body-swapping that addresses directly this issue. Manipulation of the visual perspective, in combination with the receipt of correlated multisensory information from the body was sufficient to trigger the illusion that another person's body or an artificial body was one's own. This effect was so strong that people could experience being in another person's body when facing their own body and shaking hands with it. Our results are of fundamental importance because they identify the perceptual processes that produce the feeling of ownership of one's body.
Short Liquid Chromatographic Method for Determination of Zearalenone and alpha-Zearalenol (1984)

A rapid method has been developed for the determination of zearalenone and alpha-zearalenol, using liquid-liquid partition for sample extract cleanup followed by liquid chromatography (LC) with fluorescence detection. The same extract can also be used for determination of aflatoxin by LC. Relative standard deviations for the method based on duplicate analyses are 4.18% for artificially contaminated samples and 13.92% for naturally contaminated samples. The method was compared with the AOAC method of extraction and column chromatography extract cleanup, using the same LC conditions for quantitation for both methods. Results showed a correlation coefficient of 0.990 with a mean zearalenone content by this method of 987.8 ppb, and 732.6 ppb by the official AOAC method. The detection limit of this method is 2.2 ppb for zearalenone and 1.5 ppb for alpha-zearalenol.
The language of emotions: An analysis of a semantic field (1989)

Abstract This paper uses a theory of the emotions to motivate a semantic analysis of English words referring to emotions. The theory assumes that emotions have a two-fold communicative function, both externally amongst members of the species, and internally within the brain so as to bypass complex inferences. It implies that there is a small number of basic signals that can set up characteristic emotional modes within the organism, roughly corresponding to happiness, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. In human beings, these modes can be modulated by the propositional content of the cognitive evaluation that caused the emotion signal, or else, if this content fails to impinge on consciousness, these modes can be experienced as emotions that have occurred for no apparent reason. According to this “communicative” theory, there should be a set of terms that refer to basic emotions, and these terms should have no internal semantics, since they cannot be analysed into anything more basic, such as a prototype or a set of semantic features. Other terms should refer to states that combine a basic emotion with a propositional content. Finally, the theory implies that any emotional term should devolve upon one of the five basic emotion modes, or some subset of them, and that there will be no need to invoke any other emotional states. These predictions were borne out by the semantic analysis of 590 emotion words.
Milrinone in Advanced Heart Failure (2013)

Advanced chronic heart failure (ACHF) patients often require inotropes before transplantation or ventricular assist device implantation. Milrinone, an inotrope and vasodilator, may accumulate in cardiorenal syndrome with serious adverse effects. We investigated the potential for therapeutic drug monitoring of milrinone levels using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS). 22 ACHF patients (15 males, 49±9 years) received milrinone 50 µg/kg intravenously (i.v.) during heart catheterization. Milrinone levels were 216±71 ng/ml (within the reported therapeutic range: 100-300 ng/ml), followed by improvements in cardiac index, pulmonary artery and wedge pressures (p < 0.005). 18 ACHF patients (17 males, 50±12 years, 13 had renal dysfunction) received continuous i.v. milrinone (5-26 days) at 0.1-0.2 µg/kg/min, titrated according to plasma milrinone levels. No adverse events occurred. Therapeutic levels were achieved with doses of 0.2±0.06 µg/Kg/min, below those recommended in Summary of Product Characteristics. Milrinone therapy can be noninvasively monitored by HPLC-MS, while avoiding toxicity in ACHF.
The Thermal Decomposition of Methane. I. Kinetics of the Primary Decompositionto C<sub>2</sub>H6 + H<sub>2</sub>; Rate Constant for the Homogeneous Unimolecular Dissociation of Methane and its Pressure Dependence (1975)

The pyrolysis of methane has been studied in a static system at temperatures of 995, 1038, 1068, and 1103 K and pressures from 25 to 700 Torr. It was concluded that the initial stages of the reaction can be described by a simple homogeneous, nonchain radical mechanism:[Formula: see text]Initial rates of reaction were measured, based on analysis of hydrogen, ethane, and ethylene, and k 1 was found to be pressure dependent and homogeneous. Quantitative agreement was obtained with values of k 1 calculated by R.R.K.M. theory. Values of A ∞ = 2.8 × 10 16 s −1 and E ∞ = 107.6 kcal/mol were obtained, the latter appreciably greater than the value of E 0 = 103 kcal/mol used in the calculations. Comparison of previous shock-tube and flow-system data at temperatures up to 2200 K showed good agreement with values of k 1 obtained by extrapolation of the present R.R.K.M. calculations. It was concluded that in all previous studies, the initial dissociation was in its pressure-dependent region. Estimates were also made of the rate constant for the reverse of [1] and showed fair agreement with recent experimental measurements.
10Gb/s 0.13&#x00B5;m CMOS laser drivers with extinction ratio control using thermistors (2007)

A dual-loop automatic power control using thermistors (APC-T) is proposed to implement a 10 Gb/s laser driver in 0.13 µm CMOS process. Without using any monitor photo diode, the driver can still automatically compensate both the average power and the extinction ratio of laser output within temperature window from −40 to 80°C. And with a local feedback network, the output swing can generate a modulation current from 14 to 67 mA with duty cycle of 50%, edge speed of 26 ps and jitter of 13 pspp.
Field selection for job categorization and recommendation to social network users (2014)

Nowadays, in the Web 2.0 reality, one of the most challenging task for companies that aim to manage and recommend job offers is to convey this enormous amount of information in a succinct and intelligent manner such to increase the performances of matching operations against users profiles/curricula and optimize the time/space complexity of these processes. With this goal, this paper presents a novel method to formalize the textual content of job offers that aims at identifying the most relevant information and fields expressed by them and leverage this compact formalization for job recommendation and profile matching in social network environments. This method has been then developed and tested in the industrial environment represented by Multiposting and Work4, world leaders in digital solutions of e-recruitment problems.In this study three classes of documents are considered: job offers, job categories and social network user profiles (as potential job candidates); each class contains several fields with textual information. The proposed representation method permits to dynamically identify those text fields, for each class, that could help a cross-matching strategy in order to preserve, from one hand, the matching/recommendation performances and, on the other hand, reduce the cost of these operations (due to a straightforward dimensionality reduction mechanism).We then evaluated and compared the presented approach showing significant improvements on both categorization and recommendation tasks by also drastically reducing their computational costs.
(dA.dT)-dependent inactivation of the DNA template properties by interaction with netropsin and distamycin A (1975)

The inhibitory effect of the polypeptide antibiotics netropsin and distamycin A on DNA dependent nucleic acid synthesis has been shown to be related to the base composition of the template DNA. A number of natural DNA's of quite different dA-dT content as well as poly (dI-dC)-poly (dI-dC), poly (dA-dT)-poly (dA-dT), poly (dA) - poly (dT) and poly (dG) - poly (dC) has been studied as templates in DNA and in part in RNA polymerase reaction. The highest binding efficiency of netropsin existing for (dA-dT) - containing DNA polymers and the less pronounced interaction with the (dI-dC)-containing polymer shown by the melting and CD spectrral behaviour of the complexes are entirely reflected in the template inactivation. The same is evident for distamycin A. However, in contrast to netropsin the antibiotic distamycin A exhibits some binding tendency to poly (dG) - poly (dC). Binding effects of a netropsin derivative to DNA and (dA-dT) -containing polymers suggest the importance of hydrogen bonds of the peptide groups in the complex formation.
Terabyte-scale Deep Multiple Instance Learning for Classification and Localization in Pathology (2018)

In the field of computational pathology, the use of decision support systems powered by state-of-the-art deep learning solutions has been hampered by the lack of large labeled datasets. Until recently, studies relied on datasets in the order of few hundreds of slides which are not enough to train a model that can work at scale in the clinic. Here, we have gathered a dataset consisting of 12,160 slides, two orders of magnitude larger than previous datasets in pathology and equivalent to 25 times the pixel count of the entire ImageNet dataset. Given the size of our dataset it is possible for us to train a deep learning model under the Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) assumption where only the overall slide diagnosis is necessary for training, avoiding all the expensive pixel-wise annotations that are usually part of supervised learning approaches. We test our framework on a complex task, that of prostate cancer diagnosis on needle biopsies. We performed a thorough evaluation of the performance of our MIL pipeline under several conditions achieving an AUC of 0.98 on a held-out test set of 1,824 slides. These results open the way for training accurate diagnosis prediction models at scale, laying the foundation for decision support system deployment in the clinic.
Effect of Lithium Ions on Copper Nanoparticle Size, Shape, and Distribution (2012)

Copper nanoparticles were synthesized using lithium ions to increase the aqueous electrical conductivity of the solution and precisely control the size, shape, and size distribution of the particles. In this study, the conventional approach of increasing particle size by the concentration of copper ions and PGPPE in a copper chloride solution was compared to increasing the concentration of lithium chloride when the copper chloride concentration was held constant. Particle size and shape were characterized by TEM, and the size distribution of the particles at different concentrations was obtained by particle size analysis. Increasing the concentration of copper ion in the solution greatly increased the aqueous electric conductivity and the size of the particles but led to a wide size distribution ranging from 150 nm to 400 nm and rough particle morphology. The addition of lithium ions increased the size of the particles, but maintains them in a range of 250 nm. In addition the particles exhibited spherical shape as determined by TEM. The addition of lithium ions to the solution has the potential to synthesize nanoparticles with optimal characteristics for printing applications by maintaining a narrow size range and spherical shape.
Posttreatment with Aspirin-Triggered Lipoxin A4 Analog Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice: The Role of Heme Oxygenase-1 (2007)

This study demonstrates that posttreatment with ATL significantly reduces LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice.
Boundary-Layer Transition Detection in a Cryogenic Wind Tunnel Using Luminescent Paint (1997)

Luminescent molecular probes imbedded in a polymer binder form a temperature or pressure paint. On excitation by light of the proper wavelength, the luminescence, which is quenched either thermally or by oxygen, is detected by a camera or photodetector. From the detected luminescent intensity, temperature and pressure can be determined. The basic photophysics, calibration, accuracy and time response of a luminescent paints is described followed by applications in low speed, transonic, supersonic and cryogenic wind tunnels and in rotating machinery.
Quantum cloning and teleportation criteria for continuous quantum variables (2001)

We discuss the criteria presently used for evaluating the efficiency of quantum teleportation schemes for continuous variables. Using an argument based upon the difference between 1-to-2 quantum cloning (quantum duplication) and 1-to-infinity cloning (classical measurement), we show that a fidelity value larger than 2/3 warrants that the teleported state is the best possible remaining copy of the input state. This value has not been reached experimentally so far.
In Situ Monitoring of Temperature inside Lithium-Ion Batteries by Flexible Micro Temperature Sensors (2011)

Lithium-ion secondary batteries are commonly used in electric vehicles, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDA), notebooks and electric cars. These lithium-ion secondary batteries must charge and discharge rapidly, causing the interior temperature to rise quickly, raising a safety issue. Over-charging results in an unstable voltage and current, causing potential safety problems, such as thermal runaways and explosions. Thus, a micro flexible temperature sensor for the in in-situ monitoring of temperature inside a lithium-ion secondary battery must be developed. In this work, flexible micro temperature sensors were integrated into a lithium-ion secondary battery using the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process for monitoring temperature in situ.
Charge-transfer exited states of ruthenium(II) complexes. I. Quantum yield and decay measurements (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge-transfer exited states of ruthenium(II) complexes. I. Quantum yield and decay measurementsG. D. Hager and G. A. CrosbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 24, 7031–7037Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00857a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00857a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1676Altmetric-Citations233LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Efficacy of Metal-Interfacial Layer-Semiconductor Source/Drain Structure on Sub-10-nm n-Type Ge FinFET Performances (2014)

We investigate the impact of metal-interfacial layer-semiconductor source/drain (M-I-S S/D) structure with heavily doped n-type interfacial layer (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -IL) or with undoped IL on sub-10-nm n-type germanium (Ge) FinFET device performance using 3-D TCAD simulations. Compared to the metal- semiconductor S/D structure, the M-I-S S/D structures provide much lower contact resistivity. Especially, the M-I-S S/D structure with n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -IL provides much lower contact resistivity, resulting in ~5× lower contact resistivity than 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> Ω-cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , specified in International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. In addition, we found that the M-I-S structure with n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -IL remarkably suppresses the sensitivity of contact resistivity to S/D doping concentration.