gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Registration of multiple range views for automatic 3-D model building (1994)

Building integrated models of existing 3-D objects is a key requirement for both reverse engineering and object recognition systems. An automatic 3-D model builder goes through three main steps: i) surface sampling from many views, ii) registration of the sampled views, and iii) integration of the registered views. The accuracy obtained depends on the acquisition and registration errors. The latter is critical since a misalignment of the range views causes their noise distributions to be centered around different means, which makes it difficult to reduce the effect of the acquisition error by simple averaging. In this paper, we propose a general algorithm that reduces significantly the level of the registration errors between all pairs in a set of range views. This algorithm refines initial estimates of the transformation matrices obtained from the calibrated acquisition setup. It considers the network of views as a whole and minimizes the registration errors of all views simultaneously. This leads to a well-balanced network of views in which the registration errors are equally distributed. Experimental results show an improvement of both the calibrated registrations and integrated models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Use of Anticholinergic Medications by Older Adults with Dementia (2002)

Community-based, commercially insured, older adults with probable dementia are more likely to take anticholinergics than matched controls. Patients taking donepezil frequently use an anticholinergic medication concomitantly. This study suggests that prescribing for older adults with dementia could be improved, especially if cognitive enhancing agents are being considered.
FLUID RESUSCITATION (2010)

Hemorrhage remains a major cause of preventable death following both civilian and military trauma. The goals of resuscitation in the face of hemorrhagic shock are restoring end-organ perfusion and maintaining tissue oxygenation while attempting definitive control of bleeding. However, if not performed properly, resuscitation can actually exacerbate cellular injury caused by hemorrhagic shock, and the type of fluid used for resuscitation plays an important role in this injury pattern. This article reviews the historical development and scientific underpinnings of modern resuscitation techniques. We summarized data from a number of studies to illustrate the differential effects of commonly used resuscitation fluids, including isotonic crystalloids, natural and artificial colloids, hypertonic and hyperoncotic solutions, and artificial oxygen carriers, on cellular injury and how these relate to clinical practice. The data reveal that a uniformly safe, effective, and practical resuscitation fluid when blood products are unavailable and direct hemorrhage control is delayed has been elusive. Yet, it is logical to prevent this cellular injury through wiser resuscitation strategies than attempting immunomodulation after the damage has already occurred. Thus, we describe how some novel resuscitation strategies aimed at preventing or ameliorating cellular injury may become clinically available in the future.
Microutrophin Delivery Through rAAV6 Increases Lifespan and Improves Muscle Function in Dystrophic Dystrophin/Utrophin-deficient Mice (2008)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), the most prevalent lethal genetic disorder in children, is caused by mutations in the 2.2-MB dystrophin gene. Absence of dystrophin and the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC) from the sarcolemma leads to severe muscle wasting and eventual respiratory and/or cardiac failure. There is presently no effective therapy for DMD. Several lines of evidence have suggested that methods to increase expression of utrophin, a dystrophin paralog, show promise as a treatment for DMD. Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are a promising vehicle for gene transfer to muscle, but microutrophin transgenes small enough to be carried by AAV have not been tested for function. In this study, we intravenously administered recombinant AAV (rAAV2/6) harboring a murine codon-optimized microutrophin (DeltaR4-R21/DeltaCT) transgene to adult dystrophin(-/-)/utrophin(-/-) (mdx:utrn(-/-)) double-knockout mice. Five-month-old mice demonstrated localization of microutrophin to the sarcolemma in all the muscles tested. These muscles displayed restoration of the DGC, increased myofiber size, and a considerable improvement in physiological performance when compared with untreated mdx:utrn(-/-) mice. Overall, microutrophin delivery alleviated most of the pathophysiological abnormalities associated with muscular dystrophy in the mdx:utrn(-/-) mouse model. This approach may hold promise as a treatment option for DMD because it avoids the potential immune responses that are associated with the delivery of exogenous dystrophin.
Diffractive quantum-well Fabry-Perot transmission and reflection modulators (2002)

A diffractive short-cavity quantum-well Fabry-Perot is a planar photorefractive quantum-well thin film that uses multiple internal reflections to produce the largest diffraction efficiencies possible from photorefractive quantum well structures. In contrast to multiple-beam interference effects in transmission quantum-well electro-optic modulators, which produce only moderate enhancements in modulated intensity, the diffractive Fabry-Perot yields nearly an order-of-magnitude enhancement. Therefore, we demonstrate that a moderate enhancement in differential transmission by the Fabry-Perot produces dramatic enhancements in diffraction.
A consensus linkage map for molecular markers and Quantitative Trait Loci associated with economically important traits in melon (Cucumis meloL.) (2011)

Even though relatively unsaturated genetic maps in a diverse set of melon market types have been published, the integrated saturated map presented herein should be considered the initial reference map for melon. Most of the mapped markers contained in the reference map are polymorphic in diverse collection of germplasm, and thus are potentially transferrable to a broad array of genetic experimentation (e.g., integration of physical and genetic maps, colinearity analysis, map-based gene cloning, epistasis dissection, and marker-assisted selection).
Epidermal stem cells: Properties, markers, and location (2000)

Recent data indicate that stem cells exist in many tissues, including skeletal muscle, liver, and the central nervous system, some of them not known classically as having stem cells. The unexpected plasticity and the tremendous disease implications of these findings have created a lot of excitement (1, 2). However, a major obstacle in these areas has been a lack of molecular markers and of the precise in vivo localization of the putative stem cells. Because epidermis is an excellent example of a self-renewing tissue containing stem cells, it is of interest to examine the current status of this field. Like stem cells of other tissues, epidermal stem cells are important because they not only play a central role in homeostasis and wound repair, but also represent a major target of tumor initiation and gene therapy.
Purification and Characterization of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (1969)

A purified preparation of human chorionic gonadotropin has been obtained by techniques of alcohol precipitation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. Evidence is presented that the product is homogeneous in size and amino acid composition, but heterogeneous in electrical charge and sialic acid content. The polypeptide portion of the molecule has a high proline content (12.6 moles/mole of HCG) and appears to be composed of 2 identical subunits, each with a molecular weight in the range of 25,000 to 28,000. The biological activity of the purified material is in the range of 13,700 to 18,600 IU/mg. (Endocrinology 84: 298, 1969)
Increased Antifungal Drug Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans in Uganda (2015)

Cryptococcal antigen screening is recommended among people living with AIDS when entering HIV care with a CD4 count of <100 cells/μl, and preemptive fluconazole monotherapy treatment is recommended for those with subclinical cryptococcal antigenemia. Yet, knowledge is limited of current antimicrobial resistance in Africa. We examined antifungal drug susceptibility in 198 clinical isolates collected from Kampala, Uganda, between 2010 and 2014 using the CLSI broth microdilution assay. In comparison with two previous studies from 1998 to 1999 that reported an MIC50 of 4 μg/ml and an MIC90 of 8 μg/ml prior to widespread human fluconazole and agricultural azole fungicide usage, we report an upward shift in the fluconazole MIC50 to 8 μg/ml and an MIC90 value of 32 μg/ml, with 31% of isolates with a fluconazole MIC of ≥ 16 μg/ml. We observed an amphotericin B MIC50 of 0.5 μg/ml and an MIC90 of 1 μg/ml, of which 99.5% of isolates (197 of 198 isolates) were still susceptible. No correlation between MIC and clinical outcome was observed in the context of amphotericin B and fluconazole combination induction therapy. We also analyzed Cryptococcus susceptibility to sertraline, with an MIC50 of 4 μg/ml, suggesting that sertraline is a promising oral, low-cost, available, novel medication and a possible alternative to fluconazole. Although the CLSI broth microdilution assay is ideal to standardize results, limit human bias, and increase assay capacity, such assays are often inaccessible in low-income countries. Thus, we also developed and validated an assay that could easily be implemented in a resource-limited setting, with similar susceptibility results (P = 0.52).
Synthesis and characterization of novel conducting homopolymers based on amino β-styryl terthiophene (2008)

Novel ECPs (electronic conducting polymers) based on amino β-styryl-substituted terthiophene (AST) were synthetized by direct electropolymerization. The ECPs were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, square-wave voltammetry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The poly(amino β-styryl terthiophene) displayed cyclic and square-wave voltammograms with redox peaks that can be assigned to the aminophenyl moiety and the polyterthiophene backbone. The presence of free primary amine groups on the ECP film permitted further biological functionalization (i.e., covalent bonding of various bioreceptors on its surface). The electrochemical performance of Biotin grafted at the AST modified glassy carbon electrode was investigated to detect the Avidin protein in solution by cyclic voltammetry and square-wave voltammetry.Key words: electronic conducting polymer, electrode surface modification, biosensor, β-styryl-substitued terthiophene, functionalization, cyclic, square-wave voltammetry.
Insulin sensitivity, fat distribution, and adipocytokine response to different diets in lean and obese cats before and after weight loss (2006)

Obesity is a major health problem in cats and a risk factor for diabetes. It has been postulated that cats are always gluconeogenic and that the rise in obesity might be related to high dietary carbohydrates. We examined the effect of a high-carbohydrate/low-protein (HC) and a high-protein/low-carbohydrate (HP) diet on glucose and fat metabolism during euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, adipocytokines, and fat distribution in 12 lean and 16 obese cats before and after weight loss. Feeding diet HP led to greater heat production in lean but not in obese cats. Regardless of diet, obese cats had markedly decreased glucose effectiveness and insulin resistance, but greater suppression of nonesterified fatty acids during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was seen in obese cats on diet HC compared with lean cats on either diet or obese cats on diet HP. In contrast to humans, obese cats had abdominal fat equally distributed subcutaneously and intra-abdominally. Weight loss normalized insulin sensitivity; however, increased nonesterified fatty acid suppression was maintained and fat loss was less in cats on diet HC. Adiponectin was negatively and leptin positively correlated with fat mass. Lean cats and cats during weight loss, but not obese cats, adapted to the varying dietary carbohydrate/protein content with changes in substrate oxidation. We conclude that diet HP is beneficial through maintenance of normal insulin sensitivity of fat metabolism in obese cats, facilitating the loss of fat during weight loss, and increasing heat production in lean cats. These data also show that insulin sensitivity of glucose and fat metabolism can be differentially regulated in cats.
Polymeric One‐Dimensional Photonic Crystals by Continuous Coextrusion (2007)

Abstract It is shown that narrowband one‐dimensional photonic crystals can be fabricated from polymeric materials using laboratory scale layer‐multiplying coextrusion technology. The tuning of the photonic bandgap is demonstrated with films that selectively filter different regions of the visible electromagnetic spectrum. The layer uniformity of the photonic crystals is evaluated by comparing the measured UV‐vis transmission spectra with model simulations, and is independently confirmed with atomic force microscopy. Assemblies of alternating polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) layers exhibit a narrow reflection band with close to 100% reflection in good agreement with the prediction for uniform layers. The flexibility of the process is demonstrated by the fabrication of elastomeric one‐dimensional photonic crystals. It is anticipated that this technology will enable the rapid and facile realization of new polymeric optical devices. magnified image
Peptides Trap the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Fusion Intermediate at Two Sites (2003)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into target cells requires folding of two heptad-repeat regions (N-HR and C-HR) of gp41 into a trimer of N-HR and C-HR hairpins, which brings viral and target cell membranes together to facilitate membrane fusion. Peptides corresponding to the N-HR and C-HR of gp41 are potent inhibitors of HIV infection. Here we report new findings on the mechanism of inhibition of a N-HR peptide and compare these data with inhibition by a C-HR peptide. Using intact envelope glycoprotein (Env) under fusogenic conditions, we show that the N-HR peptide preferentially binds receptor-activated Env and that CD4 binding is sufficient for triggering conformational changes that allow the peptide to bind Env, results similar to those seen with the C-HR peptide. However, activation by both CD4 and chemokine receptors further enhances Env binding by both peptides. We also show that a nonconservative mutation in the N-HR of gp41 abolishes C-HR peptide but not N-HR peptide binding to gp41. These results indicate that there are two distinct sites in receptor-activated Env that are potential targets for drug or vaccine development.
Devices and Methods to Measure Female Sexual Arousal (2015)

The physiological and self-reported measurement of female sexual response is crucial to our understanding of the mechanisms and factors involved with healthy sexual functioning. As such, it is important to understand the strengths and limitations associated with different stimuli, research designs, and instruments. Kukkonen TM. Devices and methods to measure female sexual arousal.
Polycomb group protein complexes exchange rapidly in living <i>Drosophila</i> (2005)

Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) microscopy was used to determine the kinetic properties of Polycomb group (PcG) proteins in whole living Drosophila organisms (embryos) and tissues (wing imaginal discs and salivary glands). PcG genes are essential genes in higher eukaryotes responsible for the maintenance of the spatially distinct repression of developmentally important regulators such as the homeotic genes. Their absence, as well as overexpression, causes transformations in the axial organization of the body. Although protein complexes have been isolated in vitro, little is known about their stability or exact mechanism of repression in vivo. We determined the translational diffusion constants of PcG proteins, dissociation constants and residence times for complexes in vivo at different developmental stages. In polytene nuclei, the rate constants suggest heterogeneity of the complexes. Computer simulations with new models for spatially distributed protein complexes were performed in systems showing both diffusion and binding equilibria, and the results compared with our experimental data. We were able to determine forward and reverse rate constants for complex formation. Complexes exchanged within a period of 1-10 minutes, more than an order of magnitude faster than the cell cycle time, ruling out models of repression in which access of transcription activators to the chromatin is limited and demonstrating that long-term repression primarily reflects mass-action chemical equilibria.
WriteShield: A pseudo thin-client system for prevention of information leakage (2010)

While thin-client systems are diffusing as an effective security method in enterprises and organizations, they still have several issues on usability, operation and cost of introduction. Over the WAN environment, network latency causes slow response of the GUI operation and scarce frame rate for movie playing. In addition, inflexible copy prohibition to the external media interferes with the actual business operations. Server-side system integration causes expensive cost of installation and it raises threshold for the large-scale introduction. In this paper, we propose WriteShield, a pseudo thin-client system which solves above issues. In this system, the local disks are write-protected and the location of data store is restricted to the central file servers. It realizes no data store in local clients as similar to the thin-client system. Since it takes purely the software-based simple approach, it does not require the hardware enhancement of network and servers. The cost of introduction is lower than conventional thin-client systems. This paper presents design and implementation details of WriteShield and evaluates in the perspectives of usability, operation, cost and security. Besides we measure the disk I/O performance to verify its feasibility in the actual environment.
Crystallization Behavior of Propylene−Butene Copolymers: The Trigonal Form of Isotactic Polypropylene and Form I of Isotactic Poly(1-butene) (2011)

A structural characterization of samples of isotactic propylene−butene copolymers (iPPBu), synthesized with a metallocene catalyst, is reported. The copolymers crystallize in the entire range of comonomer compositions, and α and γ forms of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) crystallize in propene-rich copolymers, whereas form I of isotactic polybutene (iPB) crystallizes in butene-rich samples. Butene and propene comonomeric units are included in crystals of iPP and iPB, respectively, as indicated by the change of the unit cell parameters of copolymer crystals with changing comonomer composition. The trigonal form of iPP, recently found in propylene−hexene and propylene−pentene copolymers, does not crystallize in as-prepared or melt-crystallized samples of iPPBu copolymers, but it has been obtained in oriented fibers of copolymers. In fact, in copolymers with butene concentrations lower than 10−15 mol %, crystals of α or γ forms present in the melt-crystallized compression-molded samples transform by stretching at high deformations into the mesomorphic form of iPP, whereas in samples with butene concentration of around 50%, crystals of α form of iPP transform into the trigonal form of iPP by stretching. This is the first evidence of the crystallization of the trigonal form of iPP in iPPBu copolymers.
Novel Histochemical Stain for Tinctorial Detection of Cancer and Neoplastic Cells (2009)

AbstractAbstractZetiq has introduced a histochemical stain that claims to tinctorially identify cancer and neoplastic cells. Because of the potential importance of such a capability, we undertook to investigate Zetiq's CellDetect® staining technology as applied to cultured cell lines as well as an initial sample of clinical cases. This goal was pursued by investigating four types of comparisons: 1) cancer cell lines before and after differentiation; 2) cervical squamous-cell carcinoma (SCC) biopsies to non-neoplastic squamous epithelium; 3) SCCs to neoplastic, nonmalignant squamous epithelium; and 4) neo-plastic squamous cells to non-neoplastic squamous cells in cytological preparations. The clinical material was also stained with hematoxylin and eosin (biopsies) or Pap (cytologies) for diagnostic purposes. We found that all CellDetect®-stained cells exhibited one of the two tinctorial outcomes. Cell lines with malignant phenotype uniformly had red/purple cytoplasm, whereas the differentiated phenotype changed the color to blue/green. Moreover, these two color values are sufficiently distinct that they can be readily distinguished quantitatively with an ELISA reader when applied to cells in tissue culture. Biopsies of SCC and non-neoplastic tissues exhibit the same two color values: cancers had red/purple cytoplasm, whereas non-neoplastic tissues were green/blue stained. In contrast, neoplastic, nonmalignant tissues (dysplasias) stained red/purple, similar to SCCs. Cytological preparations gave similar results: neoplastic cells stained red/purple, whereas non-neoplastic cells exhibited green/blue cytoplasm. The study demonstrated that the staining was rapid and reproducible. Conclusion: The CellDetect® stain allows detecting cancer and neoplastic cells tinctorially based on a rapid, reproducible histochemical process.Keywords: cancer detectioncancer diagnosiscell stainingcytopathologyhistopathologyWarburg effect
Identification of a novel CD56- lymphokine-activated killer cell precursor in cancer patients receiving recombinant interleukin 2. (1992)

Circulating lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity in cancer patients receiving recombinant interleukin 2 (rIL-2) therapy is confined to cells expressing the CD56- surface marker. However, CD56- cells from these patients but not normal individuals have been reported to exhibit LAK cytotoxicity only following in vitro activation with rIL-2. Studies were performed to document the existence of CD56- LAK precursor cells and to phenotypically characterize this population in patients receiving rIL-2 therapy using fluorescence-activated cell sorter-purified CD56- cell subsets. Initial studies confirmed that CD56- cells exhibit NK activity [20 +/- 7 (SE) LU/10(6) cells] but not LAK activity (0 +/- 0 LU/10(6) cells) when evaluated directly from peripheral blood of patients receiving rIL-2. CD56- cells from patients but not normal individuals developed significant LAK cytolytic activity against NK-resistant COLO 205 targets (16 +/- 3 LU/10(6) cells) when cultured for 3 days with 1500 units/ml rIL-2. The CD56- LAK precursor activity was confined to cells expressing a CD56-CD16+ phenotype and a large granular lymphocyte morphology; little or no NK or LAK precursor activity was detectable in CD56-CD5+ T-cells from patients. Phenotypic characterization of CD16+CD56- cells revealed that this population is uniformly CD11a+,CD18+, and CD38+ and is heterogeneous in its expression of CD11b, CD11c, and CD16/Leu 11c. These results indicate that rIL-2 administration induces enhanced LAK precursor activity in a novel population of CD5-CD16+CD56- cells.