gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Controlling Deoxygenation of ＂Floodwater＂ Overlying an Acid Sulfate Soil： Experimental Modeling (2003)

An incubation experiment was conducted to simulate the effect of flooding on water deoxygenation in acid sulfate soil floodplain systems. The originally oxygenated 'floodwater' could be deoxygenated immediately following 'flooding' and it is likely that this was caused mainly by decomposition of organic debris from the inundated plants. Deoxygenation eventually led to the depletion of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the 'floodwater'and it is highly possible that this resulted in the transformations of ferric Fe to ferrous Fe, sulfate to hydrogen sulfide, and organic nitrogen to ammonia (ammonification). The accumulation of these reduced substances allows the 'floodwater' to develop DO-consuming capacity (DOCC). When the 'floodwater' is mixed with the introduced oxygenated water, apart from the dilution effects, the reduced substances contained in the 'floodwater' oxidize to further consume DO carried by the introduced water. However, it appears that the DO drop in the mixed water can only last for a few hours if no additional DO-depleted 'floodwater' is added.Entry of atmospheric oxygen into the water can raise the DO level of the mixed water and lower water pH through the oxidation of the reduced substances.
MRI-based individual 3D region-of-interest atlases of the human brain: a new method for analyzing functional data. (2004)

This new method allows 3D atlas generation without the need to warp individual image data to an anatomical or statistical brain atlas. Going beyond the purely tissue-oriented approach, partial volume effects of emission computed tomography images can be analyzed in complex anatomical 3D regions.
Autoimmune disorders and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: a pooled analysis within the InterLymph Consortium (2008)

Some autoimmune disorders are increasingly recognized as risk factors for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) overall, but large-scale systematic assessments of risk of NHL subtypes are lacking. We performed a pooled analysis of self-reported autoimmune conditions and risk of NHL and subtypes, including 29 423 participants in 12 case-control studies. We computed pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in a joint fixed-effects model. Sjögren syndrome was associated with a 6.5-fold increased risk of NHL, a 1000-fold increased risk of parotid gland marginal zone lymphoma (OR = 996; 95% CI, 216-4596), and with diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas. Systemic lupus erythematosus was associated with a 2.7-fold increased risk of NHL and with diffuse large B-cell and marginal zone lymphomas. Hemolytic anemia was associated with diffuse large B-cell NHL. T-cell NHL risk was increased for patients with celiac disease and psoriasis. Results for rheumatoid arthritis were heterogeneous between studies. Inflammatory bowel disorders, type 1 diabetes, sarcoidosis, pernicious anemia, and multiple sclerosis were not associated with risk of NHL or subtypes. Thus, specific autoimmune disorders are associated with NHL risk beyond the development of rare NHL subtypes in affected organs. The pattern of associations with NHL subtypes may harbor clues to lymphomagenesis.
Endocrinological studies with (7 alpha, 17 alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one (Org OD 14). (1984)

A novel steroid, (7 alpha, 17 alpha)-17-hydroxy-7-methyl-19-norpregn-5(10)-en-20-yn-3-one (Org OD 14), is described which has concomitant weak estrogenic, progestational and androgenic activities. This hormonal profile was demonstrated using various endocrinological tests and the results were evaluated in terms of well-known reference compounds. It has been well established that combinations of estrogens, androgens and progestagens exert positive or synergistic effects on certain target organs, e.g. the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, and antagonistic or complementary effects on others, e.g. on the endometrium. Org OD 14 with estrogenic, androgenic and progestational activities can therefore be expected to induce complex effects on various target organs. This explains the observed effects of the compound on hypothalamic-pituitary axis, bone-loss, endometrium and sexual behaviour.
Optical parametric oscillator threshold and linewidth studies (1979)

This paper presents a detailed study of the optimum design parameters for the LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> parametric oscillator. Theoretical and experimental studies of the optical parametric oscillator (OPO) threshold parameters and of linewidth control are presented. Consideration is given to practical factors that limit OPO performance such as laser beam quality and crystal damage mechanisms. In addition, stable single axial mode operation is reported.
Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (2002)

Abstract Scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) is one of a number of scanned probe microscopy (SPM) techniques invented following the demonstration of the scanning tunneling microscope. The use of an electrochemical process for image formation defines SECM. In most applications of the method, an ultramicroelectrode (UME) is used as the probe and the probe signal is the Faradic current arising from the electrolysis of solution species. In other cases, the use of an ion‐selective electrode (ISE) as the probe provides a probe signal proportional to the logarithm of the activity of an ion in solution (eg., pH). In SECM, the primary interaction between probe tip and sample is mediated by diffusion of solution species between the sample and the tip of the probe, which distinguishes SECM from other SPM methods that may use an electrochemically active probe. An electrochemically active probe permits a versatile range of experiments, an essential aspect of which is chemical sensitivity or control of chemical processes occurring at a substrate surface. Forming an image in an SPM technique requires that the probe signal be perturbed in a reproducible fashion by some aspect of the imaged substrate. There are two principal image‐forming modes in SECM: feedback and generation/collection (GC). The feedback mode uses the Faradaic current that flows from electrolysis of an intentionally‐added or naturally present mediator species at an UME probe. Imaging in the feedback mode provides topographic images of blocking or conducting surfaces. Images of many types of surfaces have been obtained in the feedback mode; examples include images of electrodes, polymer films, and immiscible liquid interfaces. It is possible to manipulate the SECM imaging conditions to produce images that representing chemical and electrochemical activity. The generation/collection (GC) mode uses the probe to detect changes in the concentration of a chemical species at the surface of the imaged material. Ideally, the probe acts as a passive sensor to produce concentration maps of a particular chemical species near the substrate surface. GC mode imaging is described further by the type of sensing probe used. In amperometric GC imaging, the probe is an UME, which detects species by electrolysis. First reported as a method to map electrochemically active areas on electrodes, amperometric GC is used to make high‐resolution chemical concentration maps of corroding metal surfaces, biological materials, and polymeric materials. In addition, measurements of ion fluxes through porous materials, such as skin and dental material, are useful applications. In potentiometric GC imaging, the probe is an ISE, which has the advantage of increased sensitivity to nonelectroactive ions and improved selectivity for imaging a desired ion concentration.
Work in progress. Gastrointestinal ulcerations: detection using a technetium-99m-labeled ulcer-avid agent. (1983)

Technetium-99m-labeled sucralfate, an ulcer-avid material, was shown in preliminary animal and human studies to be stable in vivo with good sensitivity. Eight experimentally produced discrete gastric ulcers in three rabbits were visualized using this material. Of seven human studies, four studies were true-positive and three were true-negative. It is suggested that Tc-99m-labeled sucralfate may prove to have significant clinical advantages for the evaluation of gastrointestinal ulcer disease and other diseases that are associated with loss of mucosal integrity. The method for labeling sucralfate with Tc-99m was developed by the authors.
Induction and prevention of colonic inflammation in IL-2-deficient mice (1997)

Gene-targeted mice deficient for IL-2 (IL-2 -/- mice) are free of apparent disease when maintained under germfree conditions but develop colitis and autoimmunity in a conventional environment. Here we show that colitis can be reproducibly induced in IL-2 -/- mice, but not in IL-2 +/+ mice, by i.p. immunization with Ag in CFA; thus enabling the systematic study of the immunopathogenesis of the colitis. We found that TNP-KLH or TNP-OVA had the most significant effect in inducing colitis, and while TNP-KLH immunization leads to the early appearance of activated T cells in the colons of both IL-2 -/- and IL-2 +/+ mice, only lamina propria cells of IL-2 -/- mice produced high amounts of INF-gamma. Moreover, both infiltrating colon CD4+ (69%) and CD8+ (6%) T cells secrete large amounts of IFN-gamma; however, only the depletion of CD4+ T cells leads to abrogation of the inflammation. In further analysis, we showed that the high IFN-gamma production is IL-12 driven, since colonic tissues of IL-2 -/- mice but not IL-2 +/+ mice show the presence of heterodimeric IL-12 and co-administration of anti-IL-12 with TNP-KLH completely prevented colitis and significantly reduced IFN-gamma production. Finally, we demonstrate that IL-2 -/- mice are deficient in their ability to induce Th2 responses after TNP-KLH challenge and that such immunization also leads to autoimmune-like phenomena in other organs of IL-2 -/- mice. These findings suggest that in the absence of IL-2 systemic administration of Ag induces primarily Th1 cells driven by overexpression of heterodimeric IL-12.
Low hardware complexity key equation solver chip for Reed-Solomon decoders (2007)

This paper proposes a new simplified degree computationless modified Euclid's algorithm (S-DCME) and its architecture for Reed-Solomon decoders. The proposed S-DCME algorithm reformulates the existing modified Euclid's (ME) algorithm and uses new initial conditions to remove unnecessary hardware components and to use simple data paths. Thus, it requires two less multipliers and t + 2 less multiplexers compared with the reformulated inversionless Berlekamp-Massey (RiBM) algorithm which has shown the best performance so far. The critical path delay of S-DCME is 7.92 ns, i.e., T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Mul</sub> + T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ADD</sub> + T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MUX</sub> , that is equal to that of RiBM. The gate count of the implemented chip using the MagnaChip HSI 0.25 mum standard cell library is 17,800.
Dynamics of Subpicosecond Relativistic Laser Pulse Self-Channeling in an Underdense Preformed Plasma (1998)

The formation and evolution of density channels created by the interaction of a short bright (600 fs, $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{18}\mathrm{W}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$) laser pulse with a preformed plasma are studied by means of experiments and 2D particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. Hollow density channels are observed by interferometry, and a fast radial expansion $(5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{8}\mathrm{cm}/\mathrm{s})$ is measured. Magnetic fields around 50 MG inferred from Faraday rotation measurements suggest the occurrence of self-focusing. The PIC simulations support this hypothesis and show ion depletion during the laser pulse as well as radial expansion in agreement with experiments.
Development of an Iron Chelating Polyethylene Film for Active Packaging Applications (2012)

Metal-promoted oxidation reactions are a major cause of food quality deterioration. Active packaging offers novel approaches to controlling such oxidation for the purpose of extending shelf life. Herein, we report modification of the surface of polyethylene (PE) films to possess metal chelating activity. Metal chelating carboxylic acids were introduced to the film surface using cross-linking agents [polyethylenimine (PEI) or ethylenediamine (ED)] to increase the number of available carboxylic acids. ATR-FTIR, contact angle, dye assay, and iron chelating assay were used to characterize changes in surface chemistry after each functionalization step. The chelator poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) was attached to the surface at a density of 9.12 ± 0.71 nmol carboxyl groups/cm², and exhibited an iron chelating activity. The results indicate that PAA-modified PE films might have a higher affinity to Fe³⁺ than Fe²⁺ with the optimum binding pH at 5.0. Such inexpensive active packaging materials are promising in food industry for the preservation of liquid and semiliquid food products and have application in heavy metal chelation therapy for biomedical materials as well.
조명용 백색 LED광원의 등기구 형태에 따른 광도 및 기구효율 분석 (2004)

본 논문에서는 조명용 고휘도(HB, high brightness) 백색 LED(light emitting diode)램프의 배열 및 여러 가지 등기구 글로브(globe)의 형태에 따른 광도(luminous intensity)값과 기구효율(luminaire efficiency)을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션으로 수행하여 비교분석 하였다. 즉, LED의 배열은 가로×세로(7개×7개)가 정사각형 형태로 49개를 배열하고, LED 간격은 LED의 발광면 중심부로부터 8.2[㎜], 10.0[㎜], 15.0[㎜]로 각각 3가지로 하였으며, 등기구의 글로브는 LED발광면 중심부에서 30[mm], 50[mm] 떨어진 거리로 구분하였다. 또한 등기구 글로브가 없을 때와 있을 때로 구분하여 있을 때에는 글로브 형태를 볼록 원형과 엠보(embossing)형태로 구분하고 엠보는 8.2[㎜], 5.0[㎜]의 크기에 따른 선택으로 시뮬레이션 27가지로 수행하여 등기구의 글로브 형태에 따른 광도 및 기구효율을 고찰해 봄으로써 앞으로 21세기 디지털조명이라고 일컫는 LED를 사용한 LED 광원(light source) 및 등기구 개발에 많은 도움이 되고자 하였다.
Identification of a New Scaffold for Opioid Receptor Antagonism Based on the 2-Amino-1,1-dimethyl-7-hydroxytetralin Pharmacophore (2004)

The trans-(3,4)-dimethyl-4-(3-hydroxyphenyl)piperidines are a unique class of opioid antagonists that have recently provided selective antagonists for mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and kappa-opioid receptors (KOR). Molecular modeling indicated a strong structural similarity between the parent of this series and 2-amino-1,1-dimethyl-7-hydroxytetralin. In binding and in vitro functional assays, the aminotetralin derivatives displayed some overlap in SAR with that previously reported for the phenylpiperidine series, providing evidence for a common binding mode for the two series at opioid receptors. Introduction of a methoxy group in the 3-position increased potency at MOR and KOR receptors, suggesting that this aminotetralin skeleton can be utilized as a new scaffold for the design of selective opioid receptor antagonists.
Oligomeric collagen as an encapsulation material for islet/β-cell replacement: effect of islet source, dose, implant site, and administration format (2020)

Replacement of islets/β-cells that provide long-lasting glucose-sensing and insulin-releasing functions has the potential to restore extended glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes. Unfortunately, persistent challenges preclude such therapies from widespread clinical use, including cumbersome administration via portal vein infusion, significant loss of functional islet mass upon administration, limited functional longevity, and requirement for systemic immunosuppression. Previously, fibril-forming type I collagen (oligomer) was shown to support subcutaneous injection and in situ encapsulation of syngeneic islets within diabetic mice, with rapid (<24 h) reversal of hyperglycemia and maintenance of euglycemia for beyond 90 days. Here, we further evaluated this macroencapsulation strategy, defining effects of islet source (allogeneic and xenogeneic) and dose (500 and 800 islets), injection microenvironment (subcutaneous and intraperitoneal), and macrocapsule format (injectable and preformed implantable) on islet functional longevity and recipient immune response. We found that xenogeneic rat islets functioned similarly to or better than allogeneic mouse islets, with only modest improvements in longevity noted with dosage. Additionally, subcutaneous injection led to more consistent encapsulation outcomes along with improved islet health and longevity, compared with intraperitoneal administration, whereas no significant differences were observed between subcutaneous injectable and preformed implantable formats. Collectively, these results document the benefits of incorporating natural collagen for islet/β-cell replacement therapies.
T. H. ASTON (1986)

Journal Article T. H. ASTON R. H. Hilton, R. H. Hilton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C. H. E. Philpin, C. H. E. Philpin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar M. A. Vaisey M. A. Vaisey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Past & Present, Volume 110, Issue 1, February 1986, Pages 3–5, https://doi.org/10.1093/past/110.1.3 Published: 01 February 1986
Alternative filtration methods for removal of <i>Giardia</i> cysts and cyst models (1981)

The recent occurrence of waterborne giardiasis outbreaks has spurred renewed interest in water filtration for cyst removal. Studies with cyst models and Giardia muris cysts suggest that properly operated water filtration plants should be able to remove a high percentage of G. lamblia cysts. For effective cyst removal, diatomaceous earth (DE) filters need 1.0 kg/m 2 diatomite precoat plus body feed, and granular media filters require coagulation of raw water and production of filtered turbidity well below 1.0 ntu throughout the entire filter run.
Genetic instability within monotonous runs of CpG sequences in Escherichia coli. (1995)

Genetic information can be altered by base substitutions, frameshift mutations, and addition or deletion of nucleotides. Deletions represent an important class of genetic aberration occurring at DNA sequences where it is often possible to predict the existence of intermediates of mutation. Instability within tracts of repetitive sequence have recently been associated with several genetic disorders, including the so-called triplet repeat diseases and certain forms of colorectal cancers. In Escherichia coli, (GpC)n repetitive sequences have been shown to be deletion prone, but the precise mechanism of this mutagenic pathway is still unknown. We show here that interrupting the monotony of the (GpC)n run with an ApT or a GpT dinucleotide decreases the rate of deletions within these sequences. On the other hand, introducing purine-pyrimidine alternating sequences beside the GpC insert results in an increased rate of deletion. Two pathways can be envisioned: (1) (GpC)n tracts can be seen as potential Z-forming DNA sequences, and this unusual DNA structure can be processed by an unknown cellular mechanism to give rise to the observed deletions and (2) (GpC)n monotonous runs can be considered as a succession of direct or palindromic repeats, allowing formation of DNA structures that are known to participate to frameshift mutagenesis. The results presented in this article are discussed in the light of these two alternative pathways.
Auditory long latency event-related potentials in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia. (1988)

An auditory discrimination paradigm was employed to elicit event-related brain potentials in 13 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 14 patients with multi-infarct dementia. The P300 latency was significantly prolonged in 12 patients with dementia compared with age-matched controls and showed a significant negative correlation with the score of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), especially with that of Digit Span subtest. There was no disease specificity. After physostigmine treatment, P300 latency decreased and WAIS score increased in 6 among 10 cases.
Cyclic AMP-dependent Phosphorylation of Glycoprotein Ib Inhibits Collagen-induced Polymerization of Actin in Platelets (1989)

Platelet function is inhibited by agents such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) that elevate the cytoplasmic concentration of cyclic AMP. Inhibition presumably results from the cyclic AMP-stimulated phosphorylation of intracellular proteins. Polypeptides that become phosphorylated are actin-binding protein, P51 (Mr = 51,000), P36 (Mr = 36,000), P24 (Mr = 24,000), and P22 (Mr = 22,000). Recently, we identified P24 as the beta-chain of glycoprotein (GP) Ib, a component of the plasma membrane GP Ib.IX complex. The existence of Bernard-Soulier syndrome, a hereditary disorder in which platelets selectively lack the GP Ib.IX complex, enabled us to examine whether the phosphorylation of GP Ib beta (P24) is responsible for any of the inhibitory effects of elevated cyclic AMP on platelet function. Exposure of control platelets to PGE1 increased phosphorylation of actin-binding protein, P51, P36, GP Ib beta, and P22. Prostaglandin E1 induced the same phosphorylation reactions in Bernard-Soulier platelets, except that of GP Ib beta, which is absent. In control platelets, PGE1 inhibited collagen-induced phosphorylation of myosin light chain, phosphorylation of P47 (an unidentified Mr 47,000 cytoplasmic protein that is phosphorylated by protein kinase C in stimulated platelets), aggregation, and the secretion of granule contents. Despite the absence of GP Ib beta, PGE1 also inhibited these collagen-induced responses in Bernard-Soulier platelets. However, while PGE1 inhibited collagen-induced polymerization of actin in control platelets, it did not inhibit actin polymerization in Bernard-Soulier platelets. These results suggest that cyclic AMP-induced phosphorylation of GP Ib inhibits collagen-induced actin polymerization in platelets. Because actin polymerization is required for at least some of the functional responses of platelets to an agonist, phosphorylation of Gp Ib beta may be one way in which cyclic AMP inhibits platelet function.
Multistep Synthesis of 2,5-Diketopiperazines on Different Solid Supports Monitored by High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy (2000)

The solid-phase synthesis of 2,5-diketopiperazines containing the trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline amino acid residue (Hyp) was performed on Ellman polystyrene, polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene (POEPOP), polystyrene-polyoxyethylene NovaSyn, and Wang resins, respectively. The reaction pathway allowed the introduction of different functional groups around the bicyclic scaffold in a combinatorial approach, and it generated mixtures of isomers. A detailed characterization of the single reaction steps by high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy was performed. The NMR spectral resolution of the resin-bound intermediates and final products was greatly influenced by the polymer matrix. The POEPOP resin permitted to obtain HRMAS NMR spectra with a resolution comparable with that of the spectra of the molecules in solution. Moreover, configurational and conformational isomers formed during the solid-phase reaction steps could be detected and easily assigned. Therefore, the combination of the HRMAS NMR technique with the use of nonaromatic resins may become an extremely powerful tool in solid-phase organic synthesis. This approach will allow the monitoring of multistep reactions and the conception of on-bead structural studies either on small molecules or on natural and/or synthetic oligomers.