gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse Floaters and the Income Stability of a Debt Securities Investment Portfolio (2000)

Ophthalmic ointments are unique in that they combine features of topical drug delivery, the ophthalmic route and ointment (semisolid) formulations. Accordingly, these complex formulations are challenging to develop and evaluate and therefore it is critically important to understand their physicochemical properties as well as their in vitro drug release characteristics. Previous reports on the characterization of ophthalmic ointments are very limited. Although there are FDA guidance documents and USP monographs covering some aspects of semisolid formulations, there are no FDA guidance documents nor any USP monographs for ophthalmic ointments. This review summarizes the physicochemical and in vitro profiling methods that have been previously reported for ophthalmic ointments. Specifically, insight is provided into physicochemical characterization (rheological parameters, drug content and content uniformity, and particle size of the API in the finished ointments) as well as important considerations (membranes, release media, method comparison, release kinetics and discriminatory ability) in in vitro release testing (IVRT) method development for ophthalmic ointments. Graphical Abstract Summary of the physicochemcial profiling and in vitro drug release testing (IVRT) for ophthalmic ointments.
Anti-obesity effects of Yerba Mate (Ilex Paraguariensis): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov: (NCT01778257).
Experimental Teleterminals-Hardware (1983)

We have designed and built a series of experimental telephones that have facilities for both voice and data communication. The first of these has a 5-inch cathode ray tube character display and a small, full ASCII keyboard. Next to the display are twelve buttons whose labels are part of the display. The set is only a little larger than a standard telephone and can sit permanently on your desk without dominating it. It is a combination of an abbreviated computer terminal and a telephone and uses a microprocessor. Favorable experience with this first model led to several variations with larger displays and keyboards. We are still conducting experiments exploring the uses of these teleterminals.
Multiscale compression of planar curves using constant curvature segments (2002)

Proposes an approach to finding minimal descriptions of planar curves (open or closed) as sets of constant curvature segments (primitives such as straight line segments and/or circular arcs). The algorithm proceeds according to a multiscale segmentation and approximation of curves, and an intra- and inter-scale classification of this overall process. Its ultimate goal is to find a set of adequate pairs composed of one scale and one or several set(s) of constant curvature segments to best describe the shape of a curve.
Effects of Thermal Annealing Upon the Morphology of Polymer–Fullerene Blends (2010)

Abstract Grazing incidence X‐ray scattering (GIXS) is used to characterize the morphology of poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT)–phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) thin film bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends as a function of thermal annealing temperature, from room temperature to 220 °C. A custom‐built heating chamber for in situ GIXS studies allows for the morphological characterization of thin films at elevated temperatures. Films annealed with a thermal gradient allow for the rapid investigation of the morphology over a range of temperatures that corroborate the results of the in situ experiments. Using these techniques the following are observed: the melting points of each component; an increase in the P3HT coherence length with annealing below the P3HT melting temperature; the formation of well‐oriented P3HT crystallites with the (100) plane parallel to the substrate, when cooled from the melt; and the cold crystallization of PCBM associated with the PCBM glass transition temperature. The incorporation of these materials into BHJ blends affects the nature of these transitions as a function of blend ratio. These results provide a deeper understanding of the physics of how thermal annealing affects the morphology of polymer–fullerene BHJ blends and provides tools to manipulate the blend morphology in order to develop high‐performance organic solar cell devices.
Continuous all-optical deceleration and single-photon cooling of molecular beams (2014)

Ultracold molecular gases are promising as an avenue to rich many-body physics, quantum chemistry, quantum information, and precision measurements. This richness, which flows from the complex internal structure of molecules, makes the creation of ultracold molecular gases using traditional methods (laser plus evaporative cooling) a challenge, in particular due to the spontaneous decay of molecules into dark states. We propose a way to circumvent this key bottleneck using an all-optical method for decelerating molecules using stimulated absorption and emission with a single ultrafast laser. We further describe single-photon cooling of the decelerating molecules that exploits their high dark state pumping rates, turning the principal obstacle to molecular laser cooling into an advantage. Cooling and deceleration may be applied simultaneously and continuously to load molecules into a trap. We discuss implementation details including multilevel numerical simulations of strontium monohydride. These techniques are applicable to a large number of molecular species and atoms with the only requirement being an electric dipole transition that can be accessed with an ultrafast laser.
Ultrasound in image fusion: a framework and applications (2002)

The framework for image fusion used here was based on methods for computer-assisted surgery expanded to include ultrasound imaging and techniques for displaying fused images. In neurosurgery, ultrasound images fused with MR or CT data sets have provided (1) real-time imaging with the interpretive simplicity of MR or CT and (2) the means for assessing intra-operative changes in the anatomy. In the spine, ultrasound images have been used to achieve percutaneous registration of the spine with a CT data set, an enabling procedure for radiosurgery and minimally-invasive spinal surgery.
Mucosal immunity in the female genital tract: relevance to vaccination efforts against the human immunodeficiency virus. (1994)

The development of vaccines that induce specific immune responses in the genital tract secretions would have far-reaching implications for the prevention of AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases. Most of the currently studied vaccines utilize systemic routes of immunization that are of limited value for the prevention of mucosa-contracted diseases. The relative contribution of antigen-sensitized cells and IgA-committed lymphocytes from IgA inductive sites (e.g., Peyer's patches and rectal tonsils) to remote or adjacent effector sites (e.g., salivary glands and female genital tract) as manifested by the appearance of corresponding secretory antibodies has not been studied in humans despite its unquestionable practical importance. Exploitation of immunization routes that are effective for induction of mucosal immune responses and reflect our current knowledge of the origin of antibodies and of specific antibody-forming cells in mucosal tissues is likely to reduce the incidence of many infectious diseases including AIDS.
Characterization of disulfide-linked heterodimers containing apolipoprotein D in human plasma lipoproteins. (1992)

Human plasma apolipoprotein (apo) D is a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 29,000 M(r). It is present, mainly, in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and very high density lipoproteins (VHDL). Western blot analysis of HDL and VHDL using rabbit antibodies to human apoD revealed major immunoreactive bands at 29,000 and 38,000 M(r), with minor bands ranging from 50,000 to and 80,000 M(r). Only the 29,000 M(r) band corresponding to apoD remained when the electrophoresis was conducted under reducing conditions, demonstrating that apoD is cross-linked to other proteins via disulfide bonds. The broad pattern of immunoreactivity was also observed under nonreducing conditions when the blood was collected into a solution of sulfhydryl-trapping reagents, or when these reagents were added to the isolated lipoproteins. These results indicated that the disulfide bonds were not the result of disulfide exchange during the experimental procedures. On the basis of amino acid sequencing and reactions to antibodies, the 38,000 M(r) band was identified as an apoD-apoA-II heterodimer. The apoD-apoA-II was also demonstrated in plasma. In both HDL and plasma, the apoD-apoA-II heterodimer constituted the major form of apoD. Disulfide-linked heterodimers of apoD and apoB-100 were also found in low and very low density lipoproteins, and in whole plasma. It is concluded that a fraction of human apoD, like other cysteine-containing apolipoproteins, exists as a disulfide-linked heterodimer with other apolipoproteins in all major human lipoprotein fractions.
Abstract 1841: Enrichment of IGF1R-AKT-mTOR pathway proteins using immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry (2015)

Abstract Background: A major bottleneck in the proteomic characterization of signaling pathway targets is the lack of methods/reagents to quantify medium to low levels of proteins of interest in human samples. Immunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (IP-MS) enables the simultaneous analysis of protein expression, protein-protein interactions and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Immunoprecipitation provides both enrichment and increased sensitivity while the MS provides specific identification, high selectivity and multiplex possibility. Dysregulation of IGF1R -PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling is a pivotal driver for many cancers making this pathway an attractive therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The quantitative evaluation of protein expression and PTM status of these signal transduction proteins will aid in the precise characterization of the disease at the diagnostic or prognostic level and to monitor its progression and treatment response. Methods: To investigate the IGF1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway, we used stable isotopic amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) to differentially label proteins for quantification in insulin growth factor (IGF) stimulated versus unstimulated A549 and HCT116 cells. Targets were immunoprecipitated from the cell lysates, captured on streptavidin or Protein A/G magnetic beads, and eluted from the beads for direct in-solution tryptic digestion. Quantitative changes in total and phosphorylated forms of AKT-mTOR pathway targets were evaluated by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) on a Thermo Scientific Orbitrap Fusion platform. Results: The optimized IP-MS protocol resulted in the identification of low copy number proteins that could not be detected by LC-MS analysis without enrichment. Some of the low abundance targets observed after enrichment included PI3K, PTEN, and AKT isoforms present at low to sub nanogram levels. Interacting proteins including the catalytic and regulatory subunits of PI3K were also identified indicating that the workflow supports co-immunoprecipitation of protein complexes. Enrichment of several IGF1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway targets (IGF1R, PI3KCA, PIK3R2, AKT, and PTEN) from two cell lysates facilitated the relative quantification of total and phosphorylated forms of these proteins by LC-MS analysis. Conclusion: SILAC combined with the improved IP-MS method permits relative quantification of specific and functional protein-protein interactions and PTMs in the IGF1R-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway, which can ultimately lead to better cancer characterization and monitoring. Citation Format: Suzanne Smith, Bhavin Patel, Ryan Bomgarden, Kay Opperman, John Rogers, Barbara Kaboord. Enrichment of IGF1R-AKT-mTOR pathway proteins using immunoprecipitation and proteomic analysis by mass spectrometry. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1841. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1841
Suppression of Regulatory T Cells by IL-12p40 Homodimer via Nitric Oxide (2009)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a pivotal role in the maintenance of homeostasis between immune response and immune tolerance. The transcription factor Foxp3 and the surface protein CD25 are the two key molecules characterizing Tregs. In autoimmune and various other chronic inflammatory diseases, the expression of Foxp3 is severely down-regulated. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the down-regulation of Foxp3 is not understood yet. Because the IL-12p40 homodimer (p40(2)) is markedly up-regulated in response to various inflammatory stimuli, the present study was undertaken to explore the role of p40(2) in the regulation of Foxp3 in naive mouse splenocytes. IL-12p40(2) dose-dependently inhibited the expression of Foxp3 and CD25, but not CD4. Interestingly, this inhibition was absent in splenocytes of IL-12Rbeta1(-/-), but not IL-12Rbeta2(-/-), mice. Moreover, suppression of Foxp3 in wild-type and IL-12Rbeta2(-/-) splenocytes was accompanied by production of NO. Consistently, l-N(6)-(1-iminoethyl)-lysine hydrochloride, an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and PTIO, a scavenger of NO, restored the expression of Foxp3 and CD25 in p40(2)-stimulated splenocytes, and p40(2) was unable to down-regulate Foxp3 and CD25 in splenocytes from iNOS(-/-) mice. Furthermore, NO, but not p40(2), was able to inhibit Foxp3 in purified CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in the absence of iNOS-expressing cells. Hence, our results clearly demonstrate that p40(2) induces NO production via IL-12Rbeta1 and that NO subsequently suppresses Tregs in naive mouse splenocytes. This study, therefore, delineates an unprecedented biological function of p40(2) in the regulation of Foxp3 via IL-12Rbeta1-mediated NO production.
Collecting Analysis Data (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Approaches to Analysis What do you Plan to do with your Information? What is the Question? Information Sources Data Collection Methods How much Data is Needed? Pilot Test, Validity, and Reliability Sources of Data Perceptions and Ratings Diversity Issues in Data Collection Selecting the Right Methods (which and how many) Conclusion References
Tensile property correlations for highly irradiated 20% C. W. type 316 stainless steel. [Irradiation at 370 to 816/sup 0/C at fast neutron fluence of 8. 4 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0. 1 MeV)] (1978)

Experiments on developmental FFTF cladding (20% C.W. Type 316 stainless steel) extended the data base to a fast neutron fluence of 8.4 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0.1 MeV). The specimens were irradiated at temperatures ranging from 371/sup 0/ to 816/sup 0/C, although peak fluence levels were attained on specimens irradiated near 371/sup 0/C and 649/sup 0/C. Tension tests were performed at 232/sup 0/C, near the irradiation temperature, and in some cases, above the irradiation temperature. Test specimen strain rates ranged from 4 x 10/sup -5//s to 4 x 10/sup -2//s. Data generated on cladding irradiated near 371/sup 0/C established that the low temperature strength and ductility are fluence independent beyond about 5 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0.1 MeV). Strength behavior of the irradiated cladding at 538/sup 0/, 593/sup 0/, and 649/sup 0/C is essentially the same as exhibited by thermally aged developmental cladding at the same temperatures and times. Up to a fluence of approximately 5 x 10/sup 22/ n/cm/sup 2/ (E > 0.1 MeV), the 538/sup 0/C ductility values remain relatively fluence independent after an initial decrease. Higher temperature (593/sup 0/C and 649/sup 0/C) ductilities decrease continually with increasing fluence. Tensile parameter correlations were developed for the prediction of irradiation effects on the tensile properties of 20% C.W. Type 316 stainless steel. These correlations are based on unirradiated tensile property correlations developed using Hart's equation of state. The condition of plastic deformation of materials such as 316 stainless steel, can be characterized by a structure parameter (sigma*) which describes the material's ''hardness.'' Irradiation effects can be incorporated into this formulation by parameterizing the changes in sigma* with irradiation temperature and fluence. Correlations provide a description of strength and ductility over the temperature range of 371/sup 0/C to 871/sup 0/C and strain rates of 10/sup -5/ to 10/sup 1//s.
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy for Analysis of Sugarcane from Clonal Evaluation Trials: II. Expressed Juice (1991)

The analysis of fibrated sugarcane ( Sacclmrum spp. hybrids) with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIR) offers the possibility of replacing standard laboratory analyses for quality components, including sugar and fiber content. Analysis of expressed juice by NIR spectroscopy does not provide an estimate of fiber content, but has the advantage of using a more uniform sample. This approach has potential application in early selection stages, and also offers considerable promise for process control in manufacturing. This research aimed to assess NIR spectroscopy for analysis of quality components of juice. Two replicated trials provided samples of cane from which juice was expressed. Quality components were analyzed by routine laboratory methods. Samples of juice were scanned in a transflectance cell of a Technicon 450R NIR spectrophotometer to provide transflectance data (log I/TF). Independent calibration and prediction experiments were conducted. Correlation coefficients from the tests of prediction were: Brix (0.97), CCS (0.97), conductivity (0.47), impurity (0.63), polarimetry (pol) reading (0.98), and (0.58). Skew for prediction regressions was significant for all components except CCS. Bias was significant for CCS. The NIR and routine lab analyses differed significantly for all components except Brix. The bias and skew resulted from problems associated with fouling of the transflectance cell by particulate matter. Acceptable calibrations were obtained from data from a closed population in one experiment. Sampling analyses of spectrophotometer readings (log I/TF) indicate duplicate determinations were unnecessary. The standard of determination of quality components of juice by NIR spectroscopy approaches that required for clonal evaluation.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Placenta in Rhesus Monkeys, <i>Macaca mulatta</i> (1988)

Magnetic resonance imaging of the uterus of rhesus monkeys was performed at different stages of pregnancy. Spin-echo sequences localized the placental discs before and after gadolinium enhancement. Fast-scan sequences provided semiquantitative appreciation of placental hemodynamics. The paramagnetic agent enhanced the placenta, crossed into the fetal circulation, and was excreted in the fetal urinary bladder. Gd DTPA was also used to contrast the external contours of the fetus.
RPTPμ and protein tyrosine phosphorylation regulate K<sup>+</sup> channel mRNA expression in adult cardiac myocytes (2000)

Previously, we reported that cell-cell contact regulates K(+) channel mRNA expression in cultured adult rat cardiac myocytes. Here we show that exposing cardiac myocytes to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (genistein, tyrphostin A25), but not inactive analogs, prevents downregulation of Kv1.5 mRNA and upregulation of Kv4.2 mRNA normally observed when they are cultured under low-density conditions. Furthermore, cardiac myocytes cocultured with cells that endogenously (Mv 1 Lu) or heterologously (Chinese hamster ovary cells) express the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase mu (RPTPmu) display Kv1.5 mRNA levels paralleling that which was observed in myocytes cultured under high-density conditions and in intact tissue. In contrast, myocytes cocultured with control cells failed to produce this response. Finally, it is shown that Kv4.2 mRNA expression is unaffected by RPTPmu. These findings reveal that multiple tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent mechanisms control cardiac myocyte K(+) channel genes. Furthermore, we conclude that RPTPmu specifically regulates cardiac myocyte Kv1.5 mRNA expression. Thus this receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase may be important in responses to pathological conditions associated with the loss of cell-cell interactions in the heart.
Identification of a novel genetically controlled step in mycorrhizal colonization: plant resistance to infection by fungal spores but not extra‐radical hyphae (2001)

Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi infect plants by means of both spores and vegetative hyphae at early stages of symbiosis. Using 2500 M2 fast-neutron-mutagenized seeds of the miniature tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) cultivar, Micro-Tom, we isolated a mutant, M161, that is able to resist colonization in the presence of Glomus intraradices spores. The myc(-) phenotype of the mutant was stable for nine generations, and found to segregate as a single Mendelian recessive locus. The mutant exhibited morphological and growth-pattern characteristics similar to those of wild-type plants. Alterations of light intensity and day/night temperatures did not eliminate the myc(-) characteristic. Resistance to mycorrhizal fungal infection and colonization was also evident following inoculation with the fungi Glomus mosseae and Gigaspora margarita. Normal colonization of M161 was evident when mutant plants were grown together with arbuscular mycorrhizal-inoculated wild-type plants in the same growth medium. During evaluation of the pre-infection stages in the mutant rhizosphere, spore germination and appressoria formation of G. intraradices were lower by 45 and 70%, respectively, than the rates obtained with wild-type plants. These results reveal a novel, genetically controlled step in the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization process, governed by at least one gene, which significantly reduces key steps in pre-mycorrhizal infection stages.
Some Theoretical Aspects of a Proposed Double Quantum Stimulated Emission Device (1964)

A double quantum stimulated emission device is proposed and some operating characteristics and relevant systems of materials are discussed.
Humanized transgenic mice expressing HLA DR4‐DQ3 haplotype: reconstitution of phenotype and HLA‐restricted T‐cell responses (2006)

Many autoimmune conditions have close genetic linkages to particular human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes. With the aim of establishing a murine model of autoimmune disease, we have generated an HLA DR4-DQ3 haplotype transgenic (Tg) mouse that expresses a 440-kb yeast artificial chromosome harbouring DRA, DRB1*040101, DRB4*010301, DQA1*030101, DQB1*0302 and all the internal regulatory segments. This Tg mouse line was crossed to human CD4 (hCD4) Tg mice and endogenous class II knockout mice (I-A(o/o) and I-E(o/o)) lines to generate a DR4-DQ3.hCD4.IAE(o/o) Tg line. The Tg DR and DQ molecules are expressed on the physiological cell types in these animals, i.e. on most B cells (>85%), dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages but not on T cells, with levels of expression comparable with those of human B cells (where DR > DQ expression). The DR4/DQ3 transgenes fully reconstituted the CD4 T-cell compartment, in both the thymus and the periphery, and the analysis of the T-cell receptor repertoire in the Tg mice confirmed that these class II molecules were able to mediate thymic selection of a broad range of Vbeta families. HLA DR4- and DQ3-restricted T-cell responses were elicited following immunization with known T-cell determinants presented by these molecules. Furthermore, the DR4-DQ3-restricted CD4(+) T cells conferred protective antibody-mediated immunity against an otherwise lethal infection with Salmonella enterica var. typhimurium. These new DR4-DQ3 Tg mice should prove to be valuable tools for dissecting the importance of this class II haplotype in autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis.