gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neonatal Gene Therapy of Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ia Using a Feline Immunodeficiency Virus–based Vector (2010)

Glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia), also known as von Gierke disease, is caused by a deficiency of glucose-6-phosphatase-alpha (G6Pase), a key enzyme in glucose homeostasis. From birth, affected individuals cannot maintain normal blood glucose levels and suffer from a variety of metabolic disorders, leading to life-threatening complications. Gene therapy has been proposed as a possible option for treatment of this illness. Vectors have been constructed from feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a nonprimate lentivirus, because the wild-type virus does not cause disease in humans. Previously, we have shown that these vectors are capable of integrating stably into hepatocyte cell lines and adult murine livers and lead to long-term transgene expression. In the current work, we have assessed the ability to attenuate disease symptoms in a murine model of GSD-Ia. Single administration of FIV vectors containing the human G6Pase gene to G6Pase-alpha(-/-) mice did not change the biochemical and pathological phenotype. However, a double neonatal administration protocol led to normalized blood glucose levels, significantly extended survival, improved body weight, and decreased accumulation of liver glycogen associated with the disease. This approach shows a promising paradigm for treating GSD-Ia patients early in life thereby avoiding long-term consequences.
Effect of magnetostriction on bias fields in self-biased MR heads (1993)

The effect of magnetostriction on the bias conditions in self-biased magnetoresistive (MR) heads is reported. In self-biased MR heads where the bias field is derived from the sense current, the optimum bias point is where the head delivers the maximum output per unit input current. The optimum point depends on the element and head geometry, demagnetizing effects, and the permeability of the MR film. During head construction and operation the MR film is subjected to various sources of stress which can directly affect the permeability of the film and thus the position of this optimum bias point. Many self-biased MR heads were fabricated using MR elements made from thin (&lt;1000 Å) oriented NiFe films with the magnetostriction coefficient close to but varied around zero. The results show quite a marked effect and a correlation between as-deposited measurements and completed device performance. When the magnetostriction is negative the bias current has to be driven to higher values to achieve the defined optimum. This is attributed to an increase in the net value of Hk (permeability decrease) by compressive stresses. The converse is found to be true for positive magnetostriction films.
Patents on glycopeptides of the vancomycin family and their derivatives as antimicrobials: January 1999 ? June 2003 (2004)

The review summarises patents claiming novel glycopeptides of vancomycin and teicoplanin families published from January 1999 to June 2003. A brief overview of the structures of the most important natural antibacterial glycopeptides, the mode of action and resistance mechanism is presented. Structure–activity relationships for semisynthetic antibiotics are discussed and the structures and properties of novel clinically important compounds are presented. Semisynthetic derivatives containing various hydrophobic moieties were found to be active against glycopeptide-resistant bacteria. These compounds use a different or additional mechanism for antibacterial action to the parent antibiotics. These are not based on the interaction with Acyl-D-Ala-D-Ala or Acyl-D-Ala-D-lactate of the nascent bacterial peptidoglycan. Recently discovered antiviral activities of modified glycopeptides based on the interaction with viral receptors shows that glycopeptide derivatives are capable of interacting with membrane structures through mechanism(s) unrelated to -D-Ala-D-Ala or -D-Ala-D-lactate binding. Understanding the structural demands and the mechanics of this binding represents a challenge for researchers in this field.
Miniaturized quadrature hybrid couplers based on novel U‐shaped transmission lines (2018)

Abstract In this paper, a miniaturized microstrip quadrature hybrid coupler (QHC) using U‐shaped transmission lines (USTLs) is presented. The proposed approach replaces all arms of the conventional QHC with its equivalent USTL to achieve compactness. The proposed coupler structure is designed to operate in the 1.5 GHz (1427‐1518 [MHz]) band which is one of the 5G bands of interest. At such low RF/microwave bands below 3‐4 GHz, the size of the conventional coupler is considerably very large which raises a concern for the next generation networks. The proposed coupler is designed, simulated and fabricated using Rogers 5880 with thickness of 0.79 mm, dielectric constant (εr) of 2.2 and loss tangent of 0.0021. The proposed QHC size is 70% smaller in circuit area (30% relative area) than the conventional equivalent. Simulation and measured results are presented and good matching between the results is observed, confirming the outstanding coupler performance properties. The proposed miniaturized QHC structure will play a vital role for next generation 4G and 5G wireless communication systems operating below 6 GHz.
L‐DOPA production from tyrosinase immobilized on nylon 6,6 (1996)

The production of L-DOPA immobilized on chemically modified nylon 6,6 membranes was studied in a batch reactor. Tyrosinase was immobilized on nylon using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The effects of membrane pore size and glutaraldehyde concentration upon enzyme uptake and L-DOPA production were investigated. Enzyme uptake was unaffected by glutaraldehyde concentration; approximately 70% uptake was observed when 25% w/v (group 1), 5% (group 2), and 3% (group 3) glutaraldehyde were used, indicating that glutaraldehyde was in excess. Similarly, uptake was the same for membranes with 0.20 and 10 μm pore sizes. Membranes produced using different levels of glutaraldehyde exhibited dramatically different capacities for L-DOPA production, despite the fact that enzyme uptake was equivalent. Membranes from groups 2 and 3 (5% and 3% glutaraldehyde) produced L-DOPA at a rate of 1.70 mg L−1 h−1 over 170 h in a 500-mL batch reactor. However, no free L-DOPA was detected when group 1 membranes were used. Experimental evidence suggests that L-DOPA was produced, but remained bound to these membranes via excess glutaraldehyde left over from the immobilization process. Membrane pore size also effected L-DOPA production; less production was observed when 10-μm membranes were used, despite equivalent enzyme uptake. The observed difference in production may be due to differences in the pore density on the two types of membranes which could affect the access of the substrate to the immobilized enzyme. The results of these studies indicate that tyrosinase can be effectively immobilized on nylon 6,6. L-DOPA production was optimal when 0.20-μm-pore-size membranes were activated with 3–5% glutaraldehyde. Stability studies indicated a 20% reduction in activity over 14 days when the immobilized enzyme was used under turnover conditions. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
System-level synthesis using re-programmable components (2003)

The authors formulate the synthesis problem of complex behavioral descriptions with performance constraints as a hardware-software co-design problem. The target system architecture consists of a software component as a program running on a re-programmable processor assisted by application-specific hardware components. System synthesis is performed by first partitioning the input system description into hardware and software portions and then by implementing each of them separately. The synthesis of dedicated hardware is then achieved by means of hardware synthesis tools (D.D. Mitchell, D.C.Ku, F. Mailhot, and T. Truong, 'The Olympus Synthesis System for digital design' IEEE Design and Test Magazine, p.37-53, Oct. 1990), while the software component is generated using software compiling techniques. The authors consider the problem of identifying potential hardware and software components of a system described in a high-level modeling language and they present a partitioning procedure. They then describe the results of partitioning a network coprocessor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of an electrostatic gun with a Schottky cathode (1989)

A two lens, electrostatic optical column for use with a point emitter has been designed which can be used with either ions or electrons. This article deals with its properties as an electron beam system using a Schottky cathode. A wave-optical analysis which can be easily done using a simplifying approximation indicates the column should be capable of 11-nm resolution at 25-kV beam energy and 25-mm working distance.
Identification of a novel class of dithiolethiones that prevent hepatic insulin resistance via the adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase–p70 ribosomal S6 kinase-1 pathway (2007)

Our findings led to the identification of dithiolethione compounds that prevent insulin resistance through a mechanism involving AMPK-mediated S6K1 inhibition and thereby sensitize hepatic insulin response.
Membrane topology of the glucose transporter of Escherichia coli (1993)

The glucose transporter of the bacterial phosphotransferase system couples translocation with phosphorylation of the substrate in a 1:1 stoichiometry. It consists of a transmembrane subunit (IIBCGlc) and a hydrophilic subunit (IIAGlc). Both subunits are transiently phosphorylated. The IIBCGlc subunit is 477 residues long and consists of two domains. The amino-terminal hydrophobic domain is involved in glucose binding and translocation, the carboxyl-terminal domain contains the phosphorylation site (Cys421). Protein fusions between IIBCGlc and beta-galactosidase (LacZ) as well as alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) were analyzed to determine the membrane topology of the IIBCGlc subunit. The protein fusions were generated by progressively deleting ptsG from its 3' end and ligating the truncated gene to lacZ and 'phoA lacking promoter and leader sequences. LacZ fusions of high activity (32 out of 54) occur at the amino and carboxyl termini and three internal clusters, and 41 active PhoA fusions occur in four internal clusters. Accordingly the hydrophobic domain of IICGlc (residues 19-336) is suggested to contains eight membrane-spanning segments, with the amino terminus and the COOH-terminal hydrophilic domain (IIBGlc) located on the cytoplasmic face of the membrane. A sequence comparison of IIBCGlc with three related proteins indicates that the periplasmic loops differ in size and sequence while the cytoplasmic loops are better conserved.
<title>Improving H.263+ scalability performance for very low bit-rate applications</title> (1998)

In this paper, we discuss the coding efficiency of the SNR enhancement layer scalability as supported by H.263+. We show that for the typical Internet connections, sub-56 Kbps channels, a significant amount of overhead is imposed by the H.263+ layered approach. This overhead precludes the efficient use of H.263+ SNR and spatial scalability in very low data rates. We provide a detailed analysis of the overhead in layered bitstreams and propose coding modifications that significantly reduce the overhead.
Inhibitory effect of somatostatin on neutral amino acid transport in isolated brain microvessels (2001)

In the presence of somatostatin-14 or some of its receptorial agonists, the uptake of large neutral amino acids by isolated brain microvessels was found to be inhibited up to 50%, no other transport system being affected. Although the luminal and abluminal sides of brain endothelial cells are both capable of taking up large neutral amino acids, only uptake from the abluminal side appears to be inhibited by somatostatin. The involvement of a type-2 somatostatin receptor was suggested by assays with a series of receptor-specific somatostatin agonists, and was confirmed by the release of inhibition caused by a specific type-2 receptor antagonist. A type-2-specific mRNA was indeed shown to be present in both bovine brain microvessels ex vivo and primary cultures of endothelial cells from rat brain microvessels.
Antiviral Effects of Plasma and Milk Proteins: Lactoferrin Shows Potent Activity against Both Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Cytomegalovirus Replication In Vitro (1995)

Native and chemically derivatized proteins purified from serum and milk were assayed in vitro to assess their inhibiting capacity on the cytopathic effect of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) on MT4 cells and fibroblasts, respectively. Only native and conformationally intact lactoferrin from bovine or human milk, colostrum, or serum could completely block HCMV infection (IC50 = 35-100 micrograms/mL). Moreover, native lactoferrin also inhibited the HIV-1-induced cytopathic effect (IC50 = 40 micrograms/mL). When negatively charged groups were added to lactoferrin by succinylation, there was a 4-fold stronger antiviral effect on HIV-1, but the antiviral potency for HCMV infection was mostly decreased. Lactoferrin likely exerts its effect at the level of virus adsorption or penetration (or both), because after HCMV penetrated fibroblasts, the ongoing infection could not be further inhibited.
Urine Profiles Following Intravenous Diatrizoate, Iohexol, or Ioxilan in Rats (1988)

The effects of intravenous diatrizoate, iohexol, ioxilan, or saline on albumin, glucose, sodium and the enzymes N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and L-gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in the urine of 24 normal Wistar rats were followed for seven days. During the first two hours after administration of diatrizoate, all profile components changed markedly; the albumin excretion was significantly greater than following ioxilan and iohexol; glucose, LDH, and GGT excretions were significantly greater than following ioxilan. Iohexol and ioxilan caused a higher excretion of albumin, LDH, and GGT than saline. Iohexol also increased glucose and sodium levels. Glucose and GGT were significantly higher following iohexol than following ioxilan. Both high osmolar and low osmolar contrast media may cause temporary glomerular and tubular damage. Urine profile components are affected most by diatrizoate, less by iohexol, and least by ioxilan.
Use of the polymerase chain reaction to detect Toxoplasma gondii in human blood samples. (1992)

The PCR technique was rapid, sensitive, and specific in human blood samples. Negative PCR results in patients with persisting IgM suggested that the fetus was not at risk, or that treatment was not indicated in myalgic encephalomyelitis-like illness. PCR results in immunocompromised patients permitted appropriate management--no treatment if negative, treatment if positive.
A Robust Particle Filter-Based Face Tracker Using Combination of Color and Geometric Information (2012)

Abstract. Particle filtering is one of the most successful approaches for visual tracking. However, so far, most particle-filter trackers are limited to a single cue. This can be a serious limitation, since it can reduce the tracker’s robustness. In the current work, we present a multiple cue integration approach applied for face tracking, based on color and geometric properties. We tested it over several video sequences and we show it is very robust against changes in face appearance, scale and pose. Moreover, our technique is proposed as a contextual information for human presence detection. 1
Integrating a data description language with protocol stack development (2009)

Communication software, most notoriously protocolstacks, are an area of growing interest. Many companiesimplement new or revised protocols for new applicationrequirements, and reimplement well-known infrastructureprotocol stacks to accomodate to new hardware andsoftware platforms. However, due to the complexity andperformance-critical nature of communication software,implementing protocol stacks remains a time-consumingand error-prone task with considerable impact on time tomarket, scalability and maintainance. The work at handinvestigates how to provide program development supportfor protocol stack implementation to make it easier andmore likely to be correct while respecting non-functionalconstraints. We present a language-based approach for theimplementation of protocol stacks. We define a domainspecificembedded language, IPS, for declaratively describingoverlaid protocol stacks. In IPS a high-level packetspecification is described using a data description languagewhich is compiled into a.) an internal data representation,and b.) packet processing functions in C. Both are then integratedinto the dataflow framework of a protocol overlayspecification. IPS generates highly portable C code for variousarchitectures from this source. We present the compilationframework for generating packet processing andprotocol logic code, and a preliminary evaluation.
Forecasting the Chinese Yuan-US Dollar Exchange Rate under the New Chinese Exchange Rate Regime (2008)

Two models are specified, estimated, and used to generate out-of-sample forecasts over the period since China announced a shift in exchange rate policy from a simple peg to the US dollar to a basket peg. The results show that the model that is based on a crawling peg is far superior to the model that is based on a basket peg. It is also shown that trading the Chinese yuan versus the US dollar is more profitable than otherwise when trading is based on the assumption of a crawling peg, in which case buy and hold is the best strategy. It is concluded that China must be using a crawling peg, which is not good news for the US but may be good news for foreign exchange traders.
[Comparative study of anti-tumor activity of the monoglucosides protopanaxadiol and betulafolientriol]. (1994)

Antitumor and cytotoxic activity of monoglucosides such as 3-0-panaxadiol (1), 12-0-panaxadiol (2) and 20-0-panaxadiol (3) and 3-0-betulafolientriol (4), 12-0-betulafolientriol (5) and 20-0-betulafolientriol (6) was studied. It was found that in concentrations of 10 to 50 micrograms/ml the above monosides induced marked impairment of the selective permeability of the tumor cells and the inhibition of the labeled precursor inclusion into the macromolecule biosynthesis. Administration of the monosides in a single dose of 100 mg/kg 24 hours after the inoculation of the Ehrlich tumor cells resulted in prolongation of the mean life-span of the mice by 144 per cent (1), 153 per cent (2), 144 per cent (3), 125 per cent (4), 133 per cent (5) and 178 per cent (6). A significant reduction of the tumor mass was observed at the early stages of the tumor development and later the tumor progress intensively resumed. The tests for the effect of the monoside-activated macrophages on the growth of the tumor cells showed that production of the growth factors by the macrophages was stable and had a negative action on the efficacy of the chemotherapy with the monoglucosides.
Effects of Two Protein Hydrolysates on Growth, Nitrogen Balance and Small Intestine Adaptation in Growing Rats (1994)

The effects of feeding 2 protein hydrolysates, one prepared by controlled pepsin and pancreatic protease (including elastase II) hydrolysis of milk proteins (PPPH) and the other a di- and tripeptide bacterial protease hydrolysate of bovine albumin (DTPH), on the growth, nitrogen balance and small intestine adaptation of growing rats were analyzed. Two groups of 3-week-old rats (8 rats/group) were fed the liquid diets ad libitum for 2 weeks. The diets had the same caloric, nitrogen, carbohydrate and lipid contents. The amino acid compositions fulfilled the needs of growing rats. The diet differed in the original proteins, the hydrolysis technique used and the molecular weights of the peptides. Nitrogen intakes were similar. Although there was no difference in weight gain, nitrogen balance was significantly higher in the rats fed the PPPH diet (day 4-day 6:PPPH, 60 +/- 4%, DTPH, 25 +/- 5%; day 12-day 15: PPPH, 58 +/- 3%; DTPH, 30 +/- 5%). The stool nitrogens were identical, suggesting improved nitrogen storage in the rats fed the PPPH diet. Small intestine adaptation showed that the rats on the PPPH diet had significantly more protein (mg) and DNA (microgram) per 10 cm of the jejunum (PPPH, 25.6 +/- 2, 393 +/- 20; DTPH: 15.7 +/- 2, 258 +/- 23) and sucrase-specific activity and per microgram of DNA (PPPH, 133 +/- 5.7, 9.7 +/- 0.5; DTPH, 113 v 5, 7 +/- 1). The N-aminopeptidase-specific activity was the same in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Fiber-coupled semiconductor waveguides as an efficient optical interface to a single quantum dipole (2009)

We theoretically investigate the interaction of a single quantum dipole with the modes of a fiber-coupled semiconductor waveguide. Through a combination of tight modal confinement and phase-matched evanescent coupling, we predict that approximately 70% of the dipole's emission can be collected into a single-mode optical fiber. We further show that the dipole strongly modifies resonant light transmission through the system, with a change of over 1 order of magnitude for an appropriate choice of fiber-waveguide coupler geometry.
Observation of Image Transfer and Phase Conjugation in Stimulated Down-Conversion (2001)

We observe experimentally the transfer of angular spectrum and image formation in the process of stimulated parametric down-conversion. Images and interference patterns can be transferred from either the pump or the auxiliary laser beams to the stimulated down-converted one. The stimulated field propagates as the complex conjugate of the auxiliary laser. The phase conjugation is observed through intensity pattern measurements.
Enantioselective Molybdenum-Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation Using Chiral Bisoxazoline Ligands (1999)

A series of chiral C2-symmetric bisoxazolines with trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane backbones was synthesized. In view of the promising results obtained by Trost with analogous bispyridine ligands, we tested our new ligands in the enantioselective molybdenum-catalyzed allylic alkylation of 1- and 3-monosubstituted allylic substrates. Enantiomeric excesses of up to 98% and branched/linear ratios of up to 11:1 were obtained with (E)-3-(n-alkyl)allyl carbonates. (E)-3-Phenoxyallyl acetate gave a branched/linear ratio of >20:1 and an ee of 98%.