gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NMR Paramagnetic Relaxation of the Spin 2 Complex Mn<sup>III</sup>TSPP:  A Unique Mechanism (2005)

The S = 2 complex, manganese(III) meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphine chloride (Mn(III)TSPP) is a highly efficient relaxation agent with respect to water protons and has been studied extensively as a possible MRI contrast agent. The NMR relaxation mechanism has several unique aspects, key among which is the unusual role of zero-field splitting (zfs) interactions and the effect of these interactions on the electron spin dynamics. The principal determinant of the shape of the R1 magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD) profile is the tetragonal 4th-order zfs tensor component, B4(4), which splits the levels of the m(S) = +/-2 non-Kramers doublet. When the splitting due to B4(4) exceeds the Zeeman splitting, the matrix elements of (S(z)) are driven into coherent oscillation, with the result that the NMR paramagnetic relaxation enhancement is suppressed. To confirm the fundamental aspects of this mechanism, proton R1 MRD data have been collected on polyacrylamide gel samples in which Mn(III)TSPP is reorientationally immobilized. Solute immobilization suppresses time-dependence in the electron spin Hamiltonian that is caused by Brownian motion, simplifying the theoretical analysis. Simultaneous fits of both gel and solution data were achieved using a single set of parameters, all of which were known or tightly constrained from prior experiments except the 4th-order zfs parameter, B4(4), and the electron spin relaxation times, which were found to differ in the m(S) = +/-1 and m(S) = +/-2 doublet manifolds. In liquid samples, but not in the gels, the B4(4)-induced splitting of the m(S) = +/-2 non-Kramers doublet is partially collapsed due to Brownian motion. This phenomenon affects the magnitudes of both B4(4) and electron spin relaxation times in the liquid samples.
Parallel logic simulation using Time Warp on shared-memory multiprocessors (2002)

The article presents an efficient parallel logic-circuit simulation scheme based on the Time Warp optimistic algorithm. The Time Warp algorithm is integrated with a new global virtual time (GVT) computation scheme for fossil collection. The new GVT computation is based on a token ring passing method, so that global synchronization is not required in a shared-memory multiprocessor system. This allows us to process large logic simulation problems, where the GVT computation is executed frequently for fossil collection due to limited memory space. We also present how to reduce the frequency of the GVT computation and the rollback radio by scheduling the process with the smallest timestamp first. We implement the parallel logic-circuit simulator using the Time Warp on BBN Butterfly machines, and the experimental results show that the algorithm provides a significant speedup in processing time, even for very large circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Intestinal First-pass Metabolism of Substrates of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotei—Quantitative Analysis Based on Information from the Literature (2003)

It is suggested that the bioavailability of CYP3A4 substrates might be low due to first-pass metabolism in the small intestine, and it is possible that P-glycoprotein (P-gp) may influence first-pass metabolism in a co-operative manner. We have collected information of the pharmacokinetics of CYP3A4 substrates to evaluate the fraction absorbed (Fa), intestinal availability (Fg) and hepatic availability (Fh) and have investigated the intestinal first-pass metabolism and the effect of P-gp on this. The pharmacokinetic data involved ten compounds metabolized by CYP3A4 in humans, with and without an inhibitor or inducer. FaFg, which is the product of Fa and Fg, and Fh were calculated using three liver blood flow rates (17.1, 21.4, 25.5 mL/min/kg) in consideration of variations in the liver flow rate. Co-administration with an inhibitor of CYP3A4 and treatment of an inducer of CYP3A4 caused an increase and decrease in the FaFg of CYP3A4 substrates, regardless of the liver blood flow, indicating that CYP3A4 substrates exhibit a first-pass effect in their metabolism. This holds true regardless of whether the compounds are P-gp substrates or not. No relationship was observed between FaFg and Fh, regardless of the hepatic blood flow rate and the P-gp substrates. The FaFg of both P-gp and non P-gp substrates decreased as the hepatic intrinsic clearance increased. FaFg was markedly reduced when the hepatic intrinsic clearance was more than 100 mL/min/kg. This in vivo intrinsic clearance corresponds to an in vitro intrinsic clearance of 78 muL/min/mg human hepatic microsomal protein, equivalent to a half-life of 8.9 min for the substrate in a commonly used metabolic stability test with human microsomes (1 mgMs protein/mL). This phenomenon was not observed in substrates of CYP isoforms other than CYP3A4. In conclusion, it is suggested that CYP3A4 substrates which have a hepatic intrinsic clearance of 100 mL/min/kg exhibit a low bioavailability due to intestinal first-pass metabolism, regardless of whether they are substrates of P-gp or not.
Transistors (1950)

THE INVENTION of the transistor by J. Bardeen and W. H. Brattain <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–3</sup> has given great stimulus to research on the interaction of holes and electrons in semiconductors. The techniques for investigating the behavior of holes in n-type germanium were devised in part to aid in analyzing the emitter current in transistors. The early experiments suggested that the hole flow from the emitter to the collector took place in a surface layer. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> The possibility that transistors could also be produced by hole flow directly through n-type material was proposed in connection with the p-n-p transistor. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> Quite independently, J. N. Shive <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> obtained evidence for hole flow through the body of n-type germanium by making a transistor with points on opposite sides of a thin germanium specimen. Such hole flow is also involved in the coaxial transistor of W. E. Kock and R. L. Wallace. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Further evidence for hole injection into the body of n-type germanium under conditions of high fields was obtained by E. J. Ryder. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup>
Sampling and the 'Sound Object' (2012)

This paper addresses the tension created by exploring an acousmatic approach to working with samples. An acousmatic sound practice can be considered as concerned with immanence, whilst sample based sound practice could be viewed as chiefly concerned with transcendence. This tension provides fertile ground for exploration. There is a direct lineage from the tape manipulation techniques, and the subsequent compositional philosophy of musique concrete developed by Pierre Schaeffer, to the contemporary practice of sampling. However, the acousmatic approach to working with discreet 'sound objects' advocated by Schaeffer is at odds with the contemporary notion that a sample is a referent to a past sonic act. Through an examination of the foundations of musique concrete, in particular the notion of the 'sound object', and a comparison with contemporary sampling practice, this an acousmatic approach to working with samples. Working with samples in my own practice as a composer and performing musician I have found that sampling can reveal an irreconcilable duality that is in fact a case of transmateriality - an oscillation between a sense of being part of the world of things, and a sense of being outside it, listening in.
<scp>l</scp> -Deprenyl Reduces Brain Damage in Rats Exposed to Transient Hypoxia-Ischemia (1995)

The results show that L-deprenyl is effective as a prophylactic treatment for brain tissue when it is administered before hypoxia/ischemia. Mechanisms responsible for the observed protection remain unclear. The regional differences in damage, however, are in accordance with the reported regional increase in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities after L-deprenyl treatment, suggesting the involvement of free radicals and scavenger enzymes.
Preparative slab electrofocusing of methane monooxygenase from a type I methanotroph Methylomonas GYJ3. (1990)

The isolation and purification of methane monooxygenase from a type I methanotroph Methylomonas GYJ3 to near homogeneity is reported. The isoelectric focusing in flat-bed granulated gels has resolved the methane monooxygenase into three protein components. The specific activity of the enzyme is 198.4 n mol per min per mg protein, degree of purification 4.13-fold. Recovery of the focused proteins is high and elution simple. Several purification steps may be omitted from the previously published scheme by other techniques.
The structure and performance of interpreters (1996)

Interpreted languages have become increasingly popular due to demands for rapid program development, ease of use, portability, and safety. Beyond the general impression that they are "slow," however, little has been documented about the performance of interpreters as a class of applications.This paper examines interpreter performance by measuring and analyzing interpreters from both software and hardware perspectives. As examples, we measure the MIPSI, Java, Perl, and Tcl interpreters running an array of micro and macro benchmarks on a DEC Alpha platform. Our measurements of these interpreters relate performance to the complexity of the interpreter's virtual machine and demonstrate that native runtime libraries can play a key role in providing good performance. From an architectural perspective, we show that interpreter performance is primarily a function of the interpreter itself and is relatively independent of the application being interpreted. We also demonstrate that high-level interpreters' demands on processor resources are comparable to those of other complex compiled programs, such as gcc. We conclude that interpreters, as a class of applications, do not currently motivate special hardware support for increased performance.
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Separation of Angiotensin and its Metabolites in Human Plasma and Sweat (1990)

A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with gradient elution for the separation of angiotensin peptides is described. The highly reproducible method allows the base-line separation of angiotensin peptides with UV detection at 225 nm. This chromatographic methodology in combination with radioimmunoassay (RIA) is used for the characterization of angiotensin peptides in human plasma and sweat.
Multimedia services on top of M3 smart spaces (2010)

Numerous advances in the area of ubiquitous computing resulted in appearance of such paradigms as Smart Spaces, where a number of devices can use a shared view of resources and services. Nowadays we observing emerge of the smart space technologies, which are truly mobile and allowing equally efficient design of applications for the broad range of devices. An example of such smart spaces platform is Smart-M3, which has been developed by Nokia in cooperation with the SOFIA program partners. The paper presents an approach for applying Smart-M3 smart space solution for multimedia service networks. This enables a convenient and seamless access to the distributed multimedia content from the mobile devices, PCs and other types of user devices. A scenario of multimedia content sharing between various companies and their customers is presented as one of the possible applications of the proposed solution and the corresponding demo implementation is developed.
Photoinitiated interfacial cationic polymerization (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinitiated interfacial cationic polymerizationAnders Hult, Scott A. MacDonald, and C. Grant WillsonCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 10, 1804–1809Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00152a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00152a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Input-Feedforward Delta-Sigma Modulator With Relaxed Timing Constraints (2017)

To relax timing constraints of the input-feedforward delta-sigma modulator, this brief presents a general modulator architecture and its circuit implementation. At system level, a half-cycle delay is split from the loop filter through equivalent transformation. It is then shifted to the input and the feedback paths so that the half-cycle delay in the input path shares one-clock phase with the analog summation, quantization, and dynamic element matching in the feedback loop, thereby resolving the timing issue. At circuit level, the half-cycle delay in the input path is implemented by using double voltage sampling/charge redistribution, and the feedback path remains unchanged through sharing a secondary sampling capacitor, thereby avoiding quantization noise folding. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that the mismatch noise and the circuit noise of the modulator are slightly smaller than that of the conventional counterpart; circuit-level simulations indicate that the modulator has a good performance. Therefore, the modulator can be applied to low-voltage and high-resolution analog-to-digital conversions.
Concerted action of two avirulent spore effectors activates <i>Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1</i> ( <i>Rpg1</i> ) <i>-</i> mediated cereal stem rust resistance (2011)

The barley stem rust resistance gene Reaction to Puccinia graminis 1 (Rpg1), encoding a receptor-like kinase, confers durable resistance to the stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. The fungal urediniospores form adhesion structures with the leaf epidermal cells within 1 h of inoculation, followed by hyphae and haustorium formation. The RPG1 protein is constitutively expressed and not phosphorylated. On inoculation with avirulent urediniospores, it is phosphorylated in vivo within 5 min and subsequently degraded. Application of arginine-glycine-aspartic acid peptide loops prevented the formation of adhesion structures for spore attachment, the phosphorylation of RPG1, and germination of the viable spores. Arginine-glycine-aspartic acid affinity chromatography of proteins from the ungerminated avirulent rust spores led to the purification and identification of a protein with fibronectin type III and breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein domains and a vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 9 with a coupling of ubiquitin to endoplasmic reticulum degradation domain. Both proteins are required to induce in vivo phosphorylation and degradation of RPG1. Combined application of both proteins caused hypersensitive reaction on the stem rust-resistant cultivar Morex but not on the susceptible cultivar Steptoe. Expression studies indicated that mRNA of both genes are present in ungerminated urediniospores and are constitutively transcribed in sporelings, infected leaves, and haustoria in the investigated avirulent races. Evidence is presented that RPG1, in yeast, interacts with the two protein effectors from the urediniospores that activate cooperatively the stem rust resistance protein RPG1 long before haustoria formation.
Challenging the pressure sore paradigm (1999)

This study determines the effectiveness of a new low-unit-cost support system in patients at very high risk of developing pressure sores. In a prospective randomised controlled trial, a low-pressure inflatable mattress and cushion system (Repose) was compared to a dynamic support mattress (Nimbus II) used in conjunction with an alternating-pressure cushion (Alpha TranCell) in 80 patients with fractured neck of femur and high scores on a pressure sore risk assessment scale. All patients received best standard care, including turning at regular intervals. Skin condition was assessed in 17 locations on admission, preoperatively, and seven and 14 days postoperatively. No difference was found between the groups in skin condition or the occurrence and severity of pressure sores at any time point.
Visual monitoring of civil infrastructure systems via camera-equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): a review of related works (2016)

Abstract Over the past few years, the application of camera-equipped Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for visually monitoring construction and operation of buildings, bridges, and other types of civil infrastructure systems has exponentially grown. These platforms can frequently survey construction sites, monitor work-in-progress, create documents for safety, and inspect existing structures, particularly for hard-to-reach areas. The purpose of this paper is to provide a concise review of the most recent methods that streamline collection, analysis, visualization, and communication of the visual data captured from these platforms, with and without using Building Information Models (BIM) as a priori information. Specifically, the most relevant works from Civil Engineering, Computer Vision, and Robotics communities are presented and compared in terms of their potential to lead to automatic construction monitoring and civil infrastructure condition assessment.
Tris(pyrazolyl)hydroboratozinc hydroxide complexes as functional models for carbonic anhydrase: on the nature of the bicarbonate intermediate (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTris(pyrazolyl)hydroboratozinc hydroxide complexes as functional models for carbonic anhydrase: on the nature of the bicarbonate intermediateAdrian Looney, Runyu Han, Kristopher McNeill, and Gerard ParkinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11, 4690–4697Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00064a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views987Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Testosterone Restores Diabetes-Induced Erectile Dysfunction and Sildenafil Responsiveness in Two Distinct Animal Models of Chemical Diabetes (2006)

In two models of diabetes T deficiency underlies biochemical alterations leading to ED. Normalizing T in diabetes restores nNOS and PDE5, and reinstates sensitivity to relaxant stimuli and responsiveness to sildenafil.
Chromatographic Reactors:  Esterification of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Using Acidic Polymeric Resins (2003)

Reactive chromatography is an attractive method for chemical synthesis because chemical reactions and product separation occur simultaneously in the same unit. In this work, the synthesis of triacetine, starting from glycerol and acetic acid, using reactive chromatography on acidic polymeric resins is investigated. The study proceeds first to the characterization of the adsorption equilibria of the involved multicomponent mixtures and then to the study of the kinetics of the relevant reactions using a batch reactor. Next, the separation−reaction process is investigated using a fixed-bed chromatographic column. The obtained data are compared with the predictions of a mathematical model, whose kinetic and equilibrium parameters were estimated from the batch experiments mentioned above. It is shown that, although this synthesis requires three steps in series, the chromatographic reactor can produce high-purity (i.e., food-grade) triacetine with high conversions. It is found that the presence of water in the resin at the end of the regeneration step has a strongly detrimental effect on the final triacetine purity.
Cytomegalovirus Shedding and Delayed Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2009)

The strongest risk factor for delayed hearing loss was CMV-related symptoms at birth, but many asymptomatic children also developed delayed hearing loss. Longer duration of CMV shedding may also be a predictor of delayed hearing loss.
Regulation of Protein Phosphatase 2A Activity by Caspase-3 during Apoptosis (1998)

Although the available evidence suggests that whereas the caspase family plays a major role in apoptosis, they are not the sole stimulators of death. A random yeast two-hybrid screen of a lymphocyte cDNA library (using caspase-3 as the bait) found an interaction between caspase-3 and the regulatory subunit Aalpha of protein phosphatase 2A. This protein was found to be a substrate for caspase-3, but not caspase-1, and could compete effectively against either a protein or synthetic peptide substrate. In Jurkat cells induced to undergo apoptosis with anti-Fas antibody, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity increased 4.5-fold after 6 h. By 12 h, the regulatory Aalpha subunit could no longer be detected in cell lysates. There was no change in the amount of the catalytic subunit. The effects on PP2A could be prevented by the caspase family inhibitors acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp (DEVD) aldehyde or Ac-DEVD fluoromethyl ketone. The mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway is regulated by PP2A. At 12 h after the addition of anti-Fas antibody, a decrease in the amount of the phosphorylated forms of MAP kinase was observed. Again, this loss of activated MAP kinase could be prevented by the addition of DEVD-cho or DEVD-fmk. These data are consistent with a pathway whereby induction of apoptosis activates caspase-3. This enzyme then cleaves the regulatory Aalpha subunit of PP2A, increasing its activity. These data show that the activated PP2A will then effect a change in the phosphorylation state of the cell. These data provide a link between the caspases and signal transduction pathways.