gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of the Myogenic Lineage by MEF2A, a Factor that Induces and Cooperates with MyoD (1994)

Muscle enhancer factor-2A (MEF2A), a member of the MADS family, induced myogenic development when ectopically expressed in clones of nonmuscle cells of human clones, a function previously limited to the muscle basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) proteins. During myogenesis, MEF2A and bHLH proteins cooperatively activate skeletal muscle genes and physically interact through the MADS domain of MEF2A and the three myogenic amino acids of the muscle bHLH proteins. Thus, skeletal myogenesis is mediated by two distinct families of mutually inducible and interactive muscle transcription factors, either of which can initiate the developmental cascade.
Review - Petroleum (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReview - PetroleumHarry LevinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 4, 599–606Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1955Publication History Published online5 May 2004Published inissue 1 April 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60100a602https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60100a602research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Glassy to Icosahedral Phase Transformation in Pd-U-Si Alloys (1985)

We observe for the first time the transformation of glassy alloys (${\mathrm{Pd}}_{100\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{U}}_{x}{\mathrm{Si}}_{y}$, $x\ensuremath{\simeq}y\ensuremath{\simeq}20$ at.%) into a metastable icosahedral phase with quasicrystalline order upon annealing. The icosahedral symmetry of the latter phase is confirmed by x-ray and electron diffraction. This phase can be formed only within a very narrow compositional range ( 2 at.%) of U and Si, suggestive of a strong chemical ordering in it. The icosahedral and glassy phases have similar electrical transport properties. However, magnetic-susceptibility results indicate that the electronic structure of the icosahedral phase is very different from its glassy and crystalline (U${\mathrm{Pd}}_{3}$) counterparts.
The use of recombinant activated factor VII in congenital and acquired von Willebrand disease (2006)

Recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven), a novel hemostatic agent originally developed for the treatment of bleeding episodes in hemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors, has been recently employed with benefit for the management of hemorrhages in other nonhemophilic congenital and acquired hemostatic abnormalities. This review focuses on the use of this drug in acquired and congenital von Willebrand disease. The analysis of the literature data shows that recombinant activated factor VII is an effective agent for the treatment of refractory bleeding in von Willebrand disease patients and for the treatment or prevention of bleeding in those patients with alloantibodies or autoantibodies against von Willebrand factor. Further studies are needed, however, to assess its safety and to optimize the dosages and regimens of therapy in such patients.
Loss of SPARC-mediated VEGFR-1 suppression after injury reveals a novel antiangiogenic activity of VEGF-A (2006)

VEGF-A promotes angiogenesis in many tissues. Here we report that choroidal neovascularization (CNV) incited by injury was increased by excess VEGF-A before injury but was suppressed by VEGF-A after injury. This unorthodox antiangiogenic effect was mediated via VEGFR-1 activation and VEGFR-2 deactivation, the latter via Src homology domain 2-containing (SH2-containing) tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1). The VEGFR-1-specific ligand placental growth factor-1 (PlGF-1), but not VEGF-E, which selectively binds VEGFR-2, mimicked these responses. Excess VEGF-A increased CNV before injury because VEGFR-1 activation was silenced by secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC). The transient decline of SPARC after injury revealed a temporal window in which VEGF-A signaling was routed principally through VEGFR-1. These observations indicate that therapeutic design of VEGF-A inhibition should include consideration of the level and activity of SPARC.
High-Power Single-Mode Tapered Terahertz Quantum Cascade Lasers (2015)

We demonstrate a series of high output power single-mode terahertz quantum cascade lasers based on semi-insulating surface-plasmon waveguide with tapered geometry structure. The taper half-angle is ranging from 0° to 3°. The tapered waveguide effects on the output power and the laser beam quality are experimentally studied. High single longitudinal mode edge-emission peak powers (92.3 mW) are realized. The peak power monolithically increases with the increasing of the taper angle. All distributed feedback (DFB) lasers lased in the temperature range of 70-75 K. The highest brightness is obtained from the 2° laser. Stable single-mode emissions are realized for DFB lasers with the side-mode suppression ratio $\sim 18$ dB.
Monochromator for a 200 kV Analytical Electron Microscope (2006)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2006 in Chicago, Illinois, USA, July 30 – August 3, 2005
Enhancement of the phase-measurement sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit by a nonlinear interferometer (2012)

A nonlinear interferometer uses nonlinear elements as beam splitters to split and to recombine optical waves for interference. As a result, the interference fringe size has a nonlinear dependence on the intensity of the field for phase sensing and leads to an enhanced phase signal. In this paper, a practical scheme of nonlinear interferometry for precision phase measurement is analyzed with parametric amplifiers as the nonlinear beam splitters. It is found that the signal due to phase shift is enhanced by a factor of the amplification gain as compared to a linear interferometer with the same phase-sensing light intensity while the quantum noise is kept at the vacuum level, thus, effectively increasing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) beyond the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, the scheme is not as sensitive to the detection loss as the linear scheme with a squeezed state for noise reduction. However, losses inside the interferometer limit the enhancement factor in SNR. We apply the concept to a Michelson interferometer but with parametric amplifiers involved for gravitational-wave detection. We find that effective power is increased by the gain of the amplifiers without actually increasing the cycling power inside the interferometer. Furthermore, the full benefits with squeezed input and variational output or the combination of a quantum nondemolition interferometer for sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit apply here with even better results. Such a nonlinear interferometer will find wide applications in precision measurements.
Surface-enhanced Raman substrate optimization for bacterial identification (2003)

The threat of biological agents to soldiers and the civilian community was amply demonstrated in the fall of 2001. We are examining the feasibility of using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect and identify bacteria. In order to use SERS for bacterial detection and identification, it is necessary to determine the most appropriate type of SERS substrate to use. We are examining gold colloids in suspension, immobilized gold colloids, electrochemically roughened gold, periodic particle arrays (PPA), and film over nanosphere substrates (FONS). Briefly, PPA’s are prepared by depositing gold or silver in the interstitial spaces in a close-packed array of polystyrene nanospheres, while FONS are prepared by depositing approximately half a nanosphere diameter of gold or silver on top of a close-packed array of polymer nanospheres. We are evaluating each of these substrate types to determine which will have a high affinity for bacteria, whether we need to modify the surface of the substrate to attract bacteria, and the degree to which each type of substrate enhances the Raman scattering from the bacterial targets. We will present the results of our initial evaluations of substrates and the spectra obtained for several species of bacteria.
Subcarrier transmission of compressed digital video (1992)

An optical fiber transmission system for 376 compressed digital video channels that uses Fabry-Perot lasers to transmit 94 subcarriers is reported. It achieves a 25-dB system budget without optical amplification and a 45-dB budget with an inline fiber amplifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A scalable approach to thread-level speculation (2000)

While architects understand how to build cost-effective parallel machines across a wide spectrum of machine sizes (ranging from within a single chip to large-scale servers), the real challenge is how to easily create parallel software to effectively exploit all of this raw performance potential. One promising technique for overcoming this problem is Thread-Level Speculation (TLS), which enables the compiler to optimistically create parallel threads despite uncertainty as to whether those threads are actually independent. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a design for supporting TLS that seamlessly scales to any machine size because it is a straightforward extension of writeback invalidation-based cache coherence (which itself scales both up and down). Our experimental results demonstrate that our scheme performs well on both single-chip multiprocessors and on larger-scale machines where communication latencies are twenty times larger.
Comparison of Platelet-Rich Plasma and VEGF-Transfected Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Vascularization and Bone Formation in a Critical-Size Bone Defect (2012)

Both platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can promote regeneration. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of these two elements on bone formation and vascularization in combination with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) in a critical-size bone defect in rabbits. The critical-size defects of the radius were filled with: (1) a calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite (CDHA) scaffold + phVEGF(165)-transfected BMSC (VEGF group), (2) CDHA and PRP, or (3) CDHA, autogenous BMSC, and PRP. As controls served: (4) the CDHA scaffold alone and (5) the CDHA scaffold and autogenous BMSC. The volume of new bone was measured by means of micro-CT scans, and vascularization was assessed in histology after 16 weeks. Bone formation was higher in the PRP + CDHA, BMSC + CDHA, and PRP + BMSC + CDHA groups than in the VEGF group (p < 0.05). VEGF transfection significantly promoted vascularization of the scaffolds in contrast to BMSC and PRP (p < 0.05), but was similar to the result of the CDHA + PRP + BMSC group. The results show that VEGF-transfected BMSC as well as the combination of PRP and BMSC improve vascularization, but bone healing was better with the combination of BMSC and PRP than with VEGF-transfected BMSC. Expression of VEGF in BMSC as a single growth factor does not seem to be as effective for bone formation as expanded BMSC alone or PRP which contains a mixture of growth factors.
Diameter-Dependent Combination Modes in Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2002)

Resonant Raman spectra of individual single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and thin SWNT bundles have been acquired by scanning confocal Raman microscopy. The position of several Raman modes was followed in dependence of the diameter-dependent radial-breathing modes (RBMs) and the excitation energy. For semiconducting nanotubes a systematic shift of one of the bands between 1650 and 2100 cm-1 is observed with decreasing nanotube diameter and attributed to a combination mode of the G-band and the RBM.
Distributed spirals: A new class of three‐dimensional <i>k</i>‐space trajectories (2012)

This work presents a new class of three-dimensional spiral based-trajectories for sampling magnetic resonance data. The distributed spirals trajectory efficiently traverses a cylinder or sphere or intermediate shape in k-space. The trajectory is shown to be nearly as efficient as a conventional stack of spirals trajectory in terms of scan time and signal-to-noise ratio, while reducing coherent aliasing in all three spatial directions and reducing Gibbs ringing due to the nature of collecting data from a sphere in k-space. The trajectory uses a single two-dimensional spiral waveform with the addition of a single orthogonal waveform which is scaled with each repetition, making it relatively easy to implement. Blurring from off-resonance only occurs in two dimensions due to the temporal nature of the sampling.
Limits on Extremist Political Parties: A Comparison of Israeli Jurisprudence with that of the United States and West Germany (1987)

In June 1984 an administrative body of the Israeli legislature voted to bar two parties from participating in the July 1984 parliament elections. The Committee banned the parties because they were "antistate" and "antidemocratic." In Naiman v. Chairman of the Central Elections Committee, the Israeli Supreme Court unanimously reversed the Committee and allowed both parties to run. This Article first discusses the background to the Naiman case and then considers in detail the separate opinions of the justices. The Article next summarizes the ways in which the United States and Germany (the only two states with comparable systems and significant experience in this field) have dealt with the question of restrictions on political parties, and compares their law with Israel's. Finally, the author analyzes the arguments for and against limits on parties' participation in elections. Dangers to the still-fragile Jewish democracy must be considered. Nevertheless, the author concludes that it is best for Israel to allow antistate and antidemocratic parties to participate in Knesset elections.
The Lymphatics and the Inflammatory Response: Lessons Learned from Human Lymphedema (2013)

In lymphedema, there is a profound predisposition to infection with bacterial pathogens. It therefore seems appropriate to reconsider our unique functional definition of the lymphatic structures within a circulatory construct. While the lymphatics unquestionably fulfill a vital circulatory function, it seems more appropriate to view this complex network, comprised both of endothelial-lined vessels and of lymphoid tissue, as the nexus between the circulatory and immune systems. Viewed in this fashion, it becomes evident that the complex biology of regional lymphatic disruption is a manifestation of the interplay between these two vital bodily functions. Experimental lymph stasis in murine model has been utilized to effectively demonstrate the pathological attributes of human lymphedema, namely, inflammation, fat deposition, and fibrosis. Large-scale transcriptional corroborates the role of inflammatory mechanisms. The murine studies have set the stage for subsequent translational investigation of human lymphedema. Many of the gene expression pathways invoked by lymphedema are relevant to the inflammatory response and have provided a pragmatic approach to the successful identification of potentially relevant circulating biomarkers for human lymphedema.
Effects of millimeter‐wave radiation on monolayer cell cultures. I. Design and validation of a novel exposure system (1981)

Abstract A method has been devised whereby both the thermal and possible athermal biological effects resulting from microwave radiation can be assessed. Monolayer cultures of BHK‐21/C13 cells were grown on microwave‐transparent polystyrene coverslips, placed directly on the open end of a wave guide, and irradiated for 1 hour. In experiments seeking athermal biological effects of millimeter waves, culture medium was continuously recirculated over the cells to prevent temperature increases greater than 0.1 °C. Incorporation of 3 H‐uridine into RNA and of 3 H‐methionine into protein was quantified by measurement of optical densities of the autoradiographs in contiguous rectangular regions corresponding to portions of the cell monolayer immediately above the wave guide aperture and lying along its longer axis. Since power density was shown to vary with position along this axis according to a cosine 2 relationship, it was possible to assess the extent of microwave effects on macromolecular synthesis at power densities ranging from zero at each edge to twice the average power density at the center of the waveguide. Monolayer cultures maintained at 37.2 °C by recirculation of the medium did not show microwave‐induced changes in synthesis of RNA and protein (41.8 or 74.0 GHz at average power densities of 320 or 450 mW/cm 2 , respectively). Since macromolecular synthesis was examined both during and after irradiation, our results exclude both transient and persistent athermal biological effects of acute exposure to millimeter waves. In contrast, irradiation of cultures incubated in a small volume of nonrecirculated medium resulted in 1) marked heating of the monolayer, 2) a graded decline in macromolecular synthesis with increasing incident power, and 3), in some cases, destruction of the cell monolayer in the region immediately above the center of the waveguide aperture.
Post processing of multiple GPS receivers to enhance baseline accuracy (2011)

Inexpensive, commercial available off-the-shelf (COTS) Global Positioning Receivers (GPS) have typical accuracy of ±3 meters when augmented by the Wide Areas Augmentation System (WAAS). There exist applications that require position measurements between two moving targets. The focus of this work is to explore the viability of using clusters of COTS GPS receivers for relative position measurements to improve their accuracy. An experimental study was performed using two clusters, each with five GPS receivers, with a fixed distance of 4.5 m between the clusters. Although the relative position was fixed, the entire system of ten GPS receivers was on a mobile platform. Data was recorded while moving the system over a rectangular track with a perimeter distance of 7564 m. The data was post processed and yielded approximately 1 meter accuracy for the relative position vector between the two clusters.
Effect of some citrus juice constituents on taste thresholds for limonin and naringin bitterness (1973)

Abstract A panel of 20 to 27 screened judges was used to determine the threshold of pure limonin and naringin in distilled water, sucrose solutions, citric acid solutions adjusted to various pH values and in citrus juice model systems. Thresholds in distilled water were 1 and 20 mg/l for limonin and naringin, respectively. Sucrose, citric acid and combinations of these constituents in a model system increased the threshold of limonin and naringin several fold. The highest thresholds were obtained at low pH values in the absence of sugar. In a 1.2% citric acid solution containing 5% sucrose, 2.5% dextrose and 2.5% fructose the maximum limonin threshold of 11 mg/kg was obtained at pH 3.8. The maximum difference threshold for limonin in orange juice was 6.5 mg/kg and also occurred at pH 3.8. The optimum pH for limonin bitterness suppression (maximum threshold) was 3.8 in both model systems and natural orange juice. Thresholds on either side of this value were lower and limonin bitterness was more noticeable. No pH optimum was observed for naringin threshold in model systems. Individual thresholds showed a wide range of sensitivity to both limonin and naringin bitterness.
Long-term efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan as monotherapy and in combination with other antihypertensive medications (2001)

This open-label, multicenter, extension study assessed the efficacy and tolerability of telmisartan 80 mg administered alone or with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and/or other antihypertensive agents over a maximal 1-year treatment period. Of the 690 patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension completing the preceding 6-week, randomized study (comparing telmisartan 80 mg with losartan 50 mg/HCTZ 12.5 mg combination therapy), 490 patients (71.0%) continued in this extension study. A fixed-titration regimen was employed: all patients received telmisartan 80 mg initially, with stepwise addition of HCTZ 12.5 mg, HCTZ 25 mg, and/or other antihypertensives to attain DBP control (<90 mmHg). 489 patients received treatment and 483 patients were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. 57.3% (277/483) of patients were maintained on telmisartan 80 mg monotherapy throughout the study and 68.6% (194/283) of them reached DBP control at the final visit. A subgroup analysis by pretreatment (telmisartan 80 mg vs losartan 50 mg + HCTZ 12.5 mg) in the preceding study did not reveal any difference in maintenance rate of telmisartan monotherapy and control rates in the present study. 17.8% (86/483) of patients were titrated to telmisartan 80 mg + HCTZ 12.5 mg and 55.8% (48/86) reached DBP control. 54.7% (47/86) titrated to telmisartan 80 mg + HCTZ 25 mg and 64.7% (22/34) titrated to telmisartan 80 mg + other antihypertensive ± HCTZ (12.5 or 25 mg) reached DBP control. The DBP and SBP reductions observed in the preceding randomized study continued during extension treatment. Overall, a further decrease by a mean of 4.5 (SD ± 10.0) mmHg in DBP and by a mean of 5.7 (SD ± 16.4) mmHg in SBP was observed. Progressively greater blood pressure reductions occurred with the sequential addition of HCTZ and other antihypertensives. Adding HCTZ 12.5 mg to telmisartan 80 mg was particularly effective at enhancing antihypertensive efficacy. All treatments were well tolerated. In conclusion, telmisartan 80 mg administered alone or with HCTZ (12.5 or 25 mg) and/or other antihypertensives maintains a clinically significant therapeutic effect over the long term in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.
Surface Acoustic Wave Trapping in a Periodic Array of High Aspect Ratio Electrodes (2006)

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