gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humidity response properties of a potentiometric sensor using LaF3 thin film as the solid electrolyte (2011)

A thin-film type potentiometric sensor has been prepared by the implementation of electro-beam evaporation, rf magnetron sputtering methods, and micromachining processes. Sn film was deposited on n-Si/SiO(2) (400 nm) substrate. A deposited LaF(3) film was applied as solid electrolyte and sputtered Pt film was used as the sensing electrode. The patterns of the Pt and LaF(3) were realized by the micromachining processes. The LaF(3) film was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x ray. Saturated aqueous solutions were used to achieve controlled humidity environments. When the sensor was exposed to humidity environments, the electromotive force (EMF) of the sensor was examined. It was found that the sensor varies with the relative humidity (RH). The stable response curve was presented and non-Nernst behavior between the average EMF values and RH may be shown.
The role of crystal-growth properties on silicon implant activation processes for GaAs (1988)

Crystal properties such as bulk resistivity, mobility, and dislocation density which influence ion-implantation activation are reported for liquid-encapsulated Czochralski, horizontal gradient freeze, and vertical gradient freeze semi-insulating GaAs crystals. The liquid-encapsulated Czochralski crystals used in this study include as-grown, boule-annealed, and indium-alloyed GaAs. Wafer maps displaying the concentration and spatial distribution of neutral EL2 are presented for each crystal. Wafers from the various crystals were implanted with 29Si at a dose of 3×1012 ions/cm2 and an energy of 60 keV. Macroscopic variations in the donor distribution and peak carrier density demonstrate that point defects impact significantly the donor implant activation processes.
Unravelling the puzzle of poetry (2013)

My approach to poetry is practical. Rather than analysing, I prefer to have my students write their own poetry and explore how poems can emerge and evolve out of the sights, sounds and impressions they encounter on a daily basis.
A function of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO polar pili: twitching motility (1980)

Twitching motility is a mode of flagella-independent surface translocation exhibited by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other bacteria on solid media. All species exhibiting it carry thin pili, usually polar. This work shows that only PAO and K strains of P. aeruginosa with retractile (PSA) pili were able to move in this way, those with no pili or non-retractile pili remaining stationary. Specific agents such as anti-pilus serum, which prevents otherwise functional pili from retracting, also prevented twitching motility.
Tandem Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry Studies of Surface-Induced Dissociation of Benzene Monomer and Dimer Ions on a Self-Assembled Fluorinated Alkanethiolate Monolayer Surface (1997)

A new instrument configuration based on a Finnigan FTMS-2000 platform has been applied to the study of surface-induced dissociation (SID) in this research. Benzene monomer ions C(6)H(6)(+) and dimer ions (C(6)H(6))(2)(+) were impacted on a fluorinated self-assembled monolayer surface at collision energies ranging from 1 to 70 eV. Benzene cations were chosen for this study because the fragmentation characteristics of the molecular cation are well known and its SID has been thoroughly investigated. SID spectra obtained by FTMS-SID are very similar to those reported in the literature for the same surface but exhibit much higher mass resolution. A comparison study of collision-induced dissociation (CID) and SID of benzene molecular cations was performed utilizing the same ICR cell and ion detection protocol. It is demonstrated that SID provides both much higher energy deposition and a narrower internal energy distribution than CID. The present instrument geometry and experimental protocol demonstrate much higher efficiencies than previous SID studies by FTMS and much higher mass resolution than previous SID studies using other types of mass analyzers.
A combined hardware and software architecture for secure computing (2005)

Remote code execution becomes more and more important as can be seen by Grid computing or distributed computing projects like SETI@home. However, executing programs on foreign computers leads to security risks if the program contains sensitive data or algorithms. Current operating systems can protect user programs from other malicious programs running on the same host. But this does not prevent attacks from a system administrator or a malicious operating system. Further, even if the operating system is trusted it is possible to physically intercept communication between main memory and processor to gather information about the executed programs. As a result, these security risks prevent the execution of sensitive algorithms or programs computing on sensitive data on not trustworthy remote systemsIn this paper we present a combined hardware and software architecture to provide a secure and tamper resistant computing environment without relying on trusted system administrators and a fully trusted operating system. Our proposed architecture provides a security enhancement implemented on top of a standard processor. Compared to external co-processor solutions, our architecture does not suffer from memory, functionality and performance limitations. Furthermore, normal and protected programs can be run concurrently in a multitasking environment
Protective effects of L-arabinose in high-carbohydrate, high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats (2015)

This work suggests that L-arabinose could lower body weight, Lee's index, and visceral index and improve dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, inflammation, and viscera function, which indicate that it might be a promising candidate for therapies combating metabolic syndrome.
Band structure of a two-dimensional electron gas in the presence of two-dimensional electric and magnetic modulations and a perpendicular magnetic field (2004)

Two-dimensional (2D) periodic electric modulations of a 2D electron gas split each Landau level into the well-known butterfly-type spectrum described by a Harper-type equation multiplied by an envelope function. This equation is slightly modified for 2D magnetic modulations but the spectrum remains qualitatively the same. The same holds if both types of modulations are present. The modulation strengths do not affect the structure of the butterfly-type spectrum, they only change its scale or its envelope. The latter is described by the ratio $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of the flux quantum $h∕e$ to the flux per unit cell. Exact numerical and approximate analytical results are presented for the energy spectrum as a function of the magnetic field. For integer $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ the internal structure collapses into a band for all cases. The bandwidth at the Fermi energy depends on the modulation strength, the electron density, and, when both modulations are present, on the phase difference between them. In the latter case if the modulations have a $\ensuremath{\pi}∕2$ phase difference, the bandwidth at the Fermi energy is nearly independent of the magnetic field and the commensurability oscillations of the diffusive contribution to the resistivity disappear.
RIP-140 Interacts with Multiple Nuclear Receptors by Means of Two Distinct Sites (1996)

We have characterized two distinct binding sites, called site 1 and site 2, in the nuclear protein RIP-140 which interact with the ligand binding domain of the estrogen receptor both in solution and when the receptor is bound to DNA. Both sites are capable of independently interacting with other nuclear receptors, including the thyroid hormone and retinoic acid receptors, but they are not identical since the interaction with retinoid X receptor is mediated primarily by site 1. The interaction is enhanced by agonists but not by antagonists, and the in vitro binding activities to a number of mutant receptors correlate with their abilities to stimulate transcription in vivo. When RIP-140 is fused to heterologous DNA binding domains, it is able to stimulate the transcription of reporter genes in both yeast and mammalian cells. Thus, RIP-140 is likely to function as a bridging protein between receptors and the basal transcription machinery and thereby stimulate the transcription of target genes.
Ein experimenteller Beitrag zur Tabakrauchkanzerogenese<sup>*</sup> (1963)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
A novel method for the isolation of subpopulations of rat adipose stem cells with different proliferation and osteogenic differentiation potentials (2011)

Bone marrow has been the elected cell source of studies published so far concerning bone and cartilage tissue-engineering approaches. Recent studies indicate that adipose tissue presents significant advantages over bone marrow as a cell source for tissue engineering. Most of these studies report the use of adipose stem cells (ASCs) isolated by a method based on the enzymatic digestion of the adipose tissue and on the ability of stem cells to adhere to a cell culture plastic surface. Using this method, a heterogeneous population was obtained containing different cell types that have been shown to compromise the proliferation and differentiation potential of the stem cells. This paper reports the development and optimization of a new isolation method that enables purified cell populations to be obtained that exhibit higher osteogenic differentiation and/or proliferation potential. This method is based on the use of immunomagnetic beads coated with specific antibodies and it is compared with other methods described in the literature for the selection of stem cell populations, e.g. methods based on a gradient solution and enzymatic digestion. The results showed that the isolation method based on immunomagnetic beads allows distinct subpopulations of rat ASCs to be isolated, showing different stem cells marker expressions and different osteogenic differentiation potentials. Therefore, this method can be used to study niches in ASC populations and/or also allow adipose tissue to be used as a stem cell source in a more efficient manner, increasing the potential of this cell source in future clinical applications.
Endovascular treatment of intracerebral arteriovenous malformations: experience in 49 cases (1991)

The authors report the results of treatment in 49 consecutive patients with brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM's) who underwent therapeutic embolization with liquid adhesive agents between 1984 and 1988 at the Toronto Western Hospital. Thirty-three patients had no other treatment and were followed up with angiography at 2 years and clinically from 2 to 6 years. Of the other 16 patients, 10 had adjunctive radiosurgery and six underwent surgical resection following embolization. Seven (14%) of the 49 patients had a morphological cure effected by embolization as evidenced on their 2-year follow-up angiograms: these have remained clinically stable. Twelve patients developed neurological deficits after embolization; eight (16% of the series) were transient and four (8%) were permanent. Two patients (4%) had a delayed hemorrhage after incomplete obliteration of their malformations. Endovascular treatment resulted in clinical improvement in 15 (33%) of the other 46 patients. None of the patients who initially presented with hemorrhage had a rebleed following embolization. It is concluded that endovascular treatment with liquid embolic material can be an integral part of the multidisciplinary treatment protocol for patients with brain AVM's.
Paradigms for Mechanical Signal Transduction in the Intestinal Epithelium (2003)

Diverse physical forces including deformation or strain, pressure, and shear stress affect the intestinal mucosa during normal function, and mucosal biology is altered in pathological states in which these forces alter. Taken together with evidence in other tissues and cell types that physical forces can affect cell biology, this has led to the hypothesis that repetitively applied physical forces can initiate intracellular signals that alter intestinal epithelial proliferation and phenotype. This review outlines the nature of such forces and summarizes in vivo and in vitro evidence in support of the paradigm that repetitive force is trophic for the intestinal mucosa via a complex cascade of intracellular signals.
Differential activities of malate and isocitrate NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases are involved in the induction of capacitation and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa (2005)

Sperm catabolic processes produce energy for capacitation and acrosome reaction induction required for oocyte fertilization. The aim was to determine metabolic enzymes' activities and their participation in the supply of energy and generation of the redox state to acquire fertilizing capacity. Capacitation was induced with heparin and quercetin, and the acrosome reaction with progesterone. Enzymatic activities were determined spectrophotometrically. The chlortetracycline and differential-interferential contrast microscopy/tryptan blue techniques were used to evaluate capacitation and acrosome reaction, acrosomal integrity and sperm viability respectively. A 2 : 1 and 3 : 1 ratio were obtained for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-NADP/NAD and malate dehydrogenase (MDH)-NADP/NAD activities respectively. MDH-NADP activity remained constant with different treatments, unlike MDH-NAD activity, which diminished with both capacitation inducers and in acrosome-reacted spermatozoa previously treated with heparin (P < 0.05). IDH-NADP decreased its activity 50% in spermatozoa capacitated with heparin and acrosome reacted with progesterone (P < 0.05). Capacitation and acrosome reaction processes induced with heparin and progesterone, respectively, involve a differential oxidative metabolism, with the participation of MDH-NAD(P) and IDH-NAD(P) enzymes, whose activities would be linked to the malate-aspartate, lactate-pyruvate and isocitrate cytosolic-mitochondrial shuttles. These enzymes play a major role in supplying reduction equivalents and/or energy required for capacitation and acrosome reaction in cryopreserved bovine spermatozoa.
Preliminary X‐ray crystallographic analysis of <i>Tritrichomonas foetus</i> inosine‐5′‐monophosphate dehydrogenase (1995)

Inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) from the protozoan parasite Tritrichomonas foetus has been expressed in E. coli and crystallized. Crystals were grown to 0.1 mm in each dimension in 18 to 72 h using ammonium sulfate and low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycols. The crystals belong to the cubic space group P432 with unit cell edge = 157.25 A. The enzyme is a homotetramer with each monomer having a molecular weight of 55,534 Da. There is one monomer per asymmetric unit, based on a volume/mass ratio of 2.7 A3/Da and self-rotation analysis. The crystals are adequately stable to allow a complete data set to be collected from a single crystal. Complete native data sets have been collected to 2.3 A resolution at 4 degrees C using synchrotron radiation. High-quality complete data extending to 3.0 A resolution have been collected from crystals of four putative derivatives, and the data appear to be isomorphous with that of the native crystals in each case. Efforts to solve the derivatives for use in MIR phasing are underway.
Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase-Mediated Necrosis Contributes to Cone and Rod Photoreceptor Degeneration in the Retina Lacking Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein (2013)

Interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) secreted by photoreceptors plays a pivotal role in photoreceptor survival with an unknown mechanism. A mutation in the human IRBP has been linked to retinitis pigmentosa, a progressive retinal degenerative disease. Mice lacking IRBP display severe early and progressive photoreceptor degeneration. However, the signaling pathway(s) leading to photoreceptor death in IRBP-deficient mice remains poorly understood. Here, we show that amounts of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the interphotoreceptor matrix and retinas of Irbp(-/-) mice were increased more than 10-fold and fivefold, respectively, compared with those in wild-type mice. Moreover, TNF-α receptor 1, an important membrane death receptor that mediates both programmed apoptosis and necrosis, was also significantly increased in Irbp(-/-) retina, and was colocalized with peanut agglutinin to the Irbp(-/-) cone outer segments. Although these death signaling proteins were increased, the caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways were mildly activated in the Irbp(-/-) retinas, suggesting that other cell death mechanism(s) also contributes to the extensive photoreceptor degeneration in Irbp(-/-) retina. We found that receptor interacting protein 1 and 3 (RIP1 and RIP3) kinases, the intracellular key mediators of TNF-induced cellular necrosis, were elevated at least threefold in the Irbp(-/-) retinas. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of RIP1 kinase significantly prevented cone and rod photoreceptor degeneration in Irbp(-/-) mice. These results reveal that RIP kinase-mediated necrosis strongly contributes to cone and rod degeneration in Irbp(-/-) mice, implicating the TNF-RIP pathway as a potential therapeutic target to prevent or delay photoreceptor degeneration in patients with retinitis pigmentosa caused by IRBP mutation.
Social behaviour and mood in everyday life: the effects of tryptophan in quarrelsome individuals (2006)

Tryptophan's effects on behaviours and perceptions, while more marked in the men, were generally positive and accompanied by improved affect. Increasing serotonin in quarrelsome people may not only reduce behaviours associated with a predisposition to various mental and physical disorders but also enhance socially constructive behaviours and improve social perceptions.
Morphological Evolution of CdS Nanowires to Nanosheets (2009)

We report on the formation mechanism of CdS nanosheets based upon extensive scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy experiments. Two different CdS nanowires were synthesized, whose axial directions are in parallel with [0001] or [0110]. The [0001]-nanowires sustained one-dimensional growth characteristics irrespective of reaction temperature and duration. On the other hand, we observed two-dimensional lateral growth in the [0110]-nanowires. We proposed a three-step process for the morphological evolution of CdS nanowires to nanosheets; (1) nucleation and growth of nanowires by vapor-liquid-solid mechanism, (2) side-branching of secondary nanowires perpendicular to the original nanowires and filling between them by vapor-solid mechanism, and finally (3) formation of nanosheets through the repetition of side-branching and filling processes.
Inability to directly detect magnetic field changes associated with neuronal activity (2007)

The ability to directly detect neuronal magnetic fields by MRI would help investigators achieve the "holy grail" of neuroimaging, namely both high spatial and temporal resolution. Both positive and negative findings have been reported in the literature, with no clear consensus as to the feasibility of direct detection. The aim of this study was to replicate one of the most promising published in vivo results. A second aim was to investigate the use of steady-state visual evoked potentials (ssVEPs), which give a large evoked response and offer a well-controlled approach because the frequency of the neuronal response can be dictated by the experimenter. For both studies we used a general linear model (GLM) that included regressors for both the expected blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal and the magnetic source (MS) signal. The results showed no activity that could be attributed to the neuromagnetic signals in either study, and no frequency component corresponding to the frequency of the ssVEPs. This study demonstrates that for the particular stimuli and hardware used, the sensitivity of the magnitude MRI signal to detect evoked neuronal currents is too low to be of practical use.
Class-J<sub>2</sub> Power Amplifiers (2017)

This paper presents the theoretical introduction and experimental validation of the “Class-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Mode Power Amplifier,” which provides higher efficiency and output power compared with conventional class-J mode counterpart. This mode of operation is realized by injection of the second-harmonic current to drain node of a class-J power amplifier (PA) to reduce the 45° phase shift between drain current and voltage signals. Similar to class-J PAs, the second-harmonic impedance of class-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> PAs is purely reactive to simplify the design of the output matching network. The auxiliary second-harmonic injection circuit comprises a transistor biased in class-B mode followed by a class-C biased amplifier to achieve high second-harmonic current conversion efficiency. Theoretical formulations suggest that a 5% improvement in drain efficiency (η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> ) as well as a 1.5-dB increase in output power can be achieved for the class-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> mode in comparison with the typical class-J operation. To check the accuracy of theoretical predictions, a proof-of-concept 1-GHz class-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> PA with 12.2-dBm output power and 43% PAE is implemented in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology. For better comparison, a 1-GHz class-J PA with the same transistor size and bias condition as the class-J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> PA is also fabricated. The output power and PAE of the reference class-J PA are 11.4 dBm and 40.6%, respectively, which are in agreement with theoretical predictions.
New Strategies in Carbonylation Chemistry:  The Synthesis of δ-Lactones from Saturated Alcohols and CO (1998)

This paper describes the δ-carbonylation of saturated alcohols which uses a 1,5-hydrogen-transfer reaction of alkoxyl radicals and subsequent carbonylation at the δ-carbon atoms as the key. The carbonylation reactions of five classes of saturated alcohols, namely, primary alcohols having primary δ-carbons, primary alcohols having secondary δ-carbons, primary alcohols having tertiary δ-carbons, secondary alcohols having primary δ-carbons, secondary alcohols having secondary δ-carbons, were carried out, in which lead tetraacetate (LTA) was used as a one-electron oxidant to generate the alkoxyl radicals. Carbonylation of these saturated alcohols, except for primary alcohols having tertiary δ-carbons, took place to afford δ-lactones in moderate to good yields. The mechanism of the remote carbonylation likely involves (1) alkoxyl radical generation via LTA oxidation of a saturated alcohol, (2) conversion of this alkoxyl radical to a δ-hydroxyalkyl radical by a 1,5-hydrogen-transfer reaction, (3) CO trapping of the δ-hydroxyalkyl radical yielding an acyl radical, and (4) oxidation and cyclization of the acyl radical to give a δ-lactone. A metal salt-free system was also tested for a substrate derived from a tertiary alcohol having a secondary δ-carbon; the photolysis of an alkyl 4-nitrobenzenesulfenate under CO pressures gave a δ-lactone in moderate yield.