gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bypassing the Constraint for Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) Development in T-Cells Expressing the Targeted Antigen: Improvement of Anti-CS1 CAR Activity in Allogenic TCRa/CS1 Double Knockout T-Cells for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM) (2015)

Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy with autologous T-cells expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) targeting CD19 has achieved long-term remissions in patients with B cell leukemia, pointing out that CAR technology may become a new alternative in cancer treatment. In this work we assessed the feasibility of targeting the CS1 antigen (SLAMF7) for the treatment of Multiple Myeloma (MM). MM is a B-cell neoplasia characterized by clonal expansion of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow. Even if currently available therapies can improve overall survival, MM still remains incurable in most patients. Immunotherapy against MM is therefore an area in which extensive research is being made, with novel antigenic targets being considered. Among these is the CS1 glycoprotein, which is highly expressed on tumor cells from most patients with MM. However, CS1 is also expressed on normal CD8+ T-cells, which may be problematic for a CAR-based approach as antigen-expressing T cells will be targeted, impacting both the number and the phenotype of the final CAR T cell population. To circumvent this issue we have used our highly-efficient transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) gene-editing technology to inactivate CS1 in T-cells prior to transduction with a viral vector encoding an anti-CS1 CAR. Our results demonstrate that while non-gene-edited T-cells expressing an anti-CS1 CAR display limited cytolytic activity against MM cell lines, and resulted in a progressive loss of CD8+ T-cells. CS1-gene-edited CAR cells display significantly increased cytotoxic activity, with the percentage of CD8+ T-cells remaining unaffected. In addition, experiments in an orthotopic MM mouse model showed that CS1 disrupted T-cells were able to mediate an in vivo anti-tumoral activity. Subsequently, we have utilized this strategy for CS1 in the context of our allogeneic "off-the-shelf" engineered CAR+ T-cell platform. This allogenic platform utilizes TALEN gene editing technology to inactivate the TCRα constant (TRAC) gene, eliminating their potential to mediate Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD). We have previously shown that editing of the TRAC gene can be achieved at high frequencies, allowing efficient production of TCR-deficient T-cells that no longer mediate alloreactivity in a xeno-GvHD mouse model. Our results also show that multiplex genome editing is possible and can lead to the production of double KO (TRAC and CS1) T-cells, allowing large scale manufacturing of allogeneic, non alloreactive CS1 specific T-cells with enhanced antitumor activity. Moreover, these allogenic T-cells could be easily available for administration to a large number of MM patients. Disclosures Galetto: Cellectis SA: Employment. Chion-Sotinel:Cellectis SA: Employment. Gouble:Cellectis SA: Employment. Smith:Cellectis: Employment, Patents & Royalties.
A Research of Image Identification Signal Processing for Longitudinal Rip of the Transport Belt (2010)

Transport belt is the most widely used conveyor device in coal mine, the longitudinal rip of transport belt will bring great losses to coal production, this article design a detection system for longitudinal rip of the belt. The device capture images by CCD camera which is under the belt, and computer is used for analyzing and processing the signal of the collected image, by comparing the characteristics of the processed image, we can accurately detect the occurrence of longitudinal rip.
Seismocardiographic adjustment of diastolic timed vibrations (2012)

A seismocardiography based methodology is introduced for predicting the start and the end of diastole to be used in diastolic timed vibrations. An accelerometer was placed on the sternum of 142 participants (120 healthy and 22 ischemic heart patients) to record Seismocardiogram (SCG). It is claimed that SCG, in combination with electrocardiogram (ECG), provides a mechanism for predicting diastole. It is demonstrated that prediction of the aortic valve closure point in the SCG signal helps start the vibrator in time to cover most of the isovolumic relaxation period. Also, through prediction of the mitral valve closure point, safety of the technique can be assessed by estimation of the amount of unwanted vibrations applied during the isovolumic contraction period.
Advanced manufacturing technologies for light-weight post-polished snap-together reflective optical system designs (2002)

Fast, light weight, off-axis, aspheric, reflective optical designs are increasingly being designed and built for space-based remote sensing, fire control systems, aerial reconnaissance, cryovac instrumentation and laser scanning. Diamond point turning (DPT) is the technology of first resort for many of these applications. In many cases the best diamond machining technologies available cannot meet the desired requirements for system wavefront error and scatter. Aluminum, beryllium, AlBeMet and silicon carbide mirrors, layered with thin films of electroless nickel or silicon can be first diamond machined and then post polished to achieve greatly enhanced performance levels for surface scatter, wavefront error (WFE), and alignment registration. By application of post polishing using precise null testing techniques, the objectives of snap-together, or limited compensation alignment of aggressive reflective optical systems can be achieved that are well beyond the performance envelope achievable by diamond machining alone. This paper discusses the tradeoffs among materials and processes selection for post polished reflective systems and illustrates actual applications including telescopes for earth and Mars orbit, and a commercial, high speed, flat field scan engine.
Advanced microlithography process with chemical shrink technology (2000)

Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (MELCO) has developed an advanced microlithographic process for producing 0.1 micrometer contact holes (CH). A chemical shrink technology, RELACS<SUP>TM</SUP> (Resolution Enhancement Lithography Assisted by Chemical Shrink), utilizes the crosslinking reaction catalyzed by the acid component existing in a predefined resist pattern. This 'RELACS<SUP>TM</SUP>' process is a hole shrinking procedure that includes simple coating, baking, and rinse steps applied after conventional photolithography. This paper examines the process parameters affecting shrinkage of CH size. We subsequently evaluated the dependency of CH shrinkage on resist formulation. We conducted investigations of shrink magnitude dependency on each process parameter. (1) Photoresist lithography process: CH size, exposure dose, post development bake temperature. (2) AZ<SUP>R</SUP> R200 [a product of Clariant (Japan) K.K.] RELACS<SUP>TM</SUP> process: Soft bake temperature, film thickness, mixing bake temperature (diffusion bake temperature), etc. We found that the mixing bake condition (diffusion bake temperature) is one of most critical parameters to affect the amount of CH shrink. Additionally, the structural influence of photoacid generators on shrinkage performance was also investigated in both high and low activation energy resist systems. The shrinkage behavior by the photoacid generator of the resist is considered in terms of the structure (molecular volume) of the photogenerated acid and its acidity (pKa). The results of these studies are discussed in terms of base polymer influence on shrinkage performance and tendency. Process impact of the structure and acidity of the photogenerated acid is explored. Though the experimental acetal type KrF positive resist (low activation energy system) can achieve around 0.1 micrometer CH after RELACS<SUP>TM</SUP> processing under the optimized condition, the experimental acrylate type positive resist (high activation energy system) showed less shrinkage under the same process condition. The shrinkage performance of RELACS<SUP>TM</SUP> process largely depends on the resist chemistry used as the underlying layer. Further, shrinkage degree can be controlled by process optimization even for the high activation energy type photoresist.
Neurotization of Motor Nerves Innervating the Lower Extremity by Utilizing the Lower Intercostal Nerves (1997)

An animal model in the rat was developed to study the reinnervation of ventral roots contributing to lower-extremity nerves by use of intercostal nerves. Intercostal nerves and distal cauda equina roots were anastomosed, using a collagen tube and microsurgical technique. Most experimental animals could lift their previously paralyzed legs and could walk with a severe limp by 9 months postoperatively. Recordings of nerve action potentials (NAPs) and muscle action potentials (MAPs) indicated that the intercostal and sciatic nerves had some functional connections. Histologic analysis 12 months after repair demonstrated axonal regeneration extending from the intercostal nerves to and down lumbar ventral roots. Most of the regenerated fibers were moderately well-myelinated. Connections between the neurons of the anterior horn cells in the lower thoracic spinal cord and the reinnervated sciatic nerve were confirmed by retrograde tracer, using fast blue.
Functional timing analysis using ATPG (1995)

Paths that are never exercised are referred to as false paths and timing analysis that ignores the delay contribution of these paths is referred to as functional timing analysis. Such timing analysis provides a more accurate estimate of circuit delay compared to conventional static timing analysis. We show how unmodified conventional Automatic Test Pattern Generators (ATPG) for stuck-at faults can be used for functional timing analysis without sacrificing computational efficiency in comparison with existing approaches to the same problem. This is a significant result since it enables us to use the entire body of work in ATPG for this problem and relieves us from re-inventing new solutions for this problem. The basic algorithm can be used under an arbitrary delay model. We provide delay computation results for all the ISCAS benchmark examples under the unit-delay and the mapped-delay models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SA Tellite Doppler Data Processing for Platform Navigation (1975)

The NIMBUS Meteorological Satellite will carry a system designed to receive electronic platform signals. The Doppler data is processed to provide estimates of their location and velocity. The current system provides for a location estimation accuracy of about 1 KM and component velocity estimation accuracy of about 1 M/S. The estimates, however, can be perturbed by various suspected noise sources. These effects are assessed to provide a measure of robustness of the estimation process.
Chronic inflammatory systemic diseases – an evolutionary trade-off between acutely beneficial but chronically harmful programs (2016)

It has been recognized that during chronic inflammatory systemic diseases (CIDs) maladaptations of the immune, nervous, endocrine and reproductive system occur. Maladaptation leads to disease sequelae in CIDs. The ultimate reason of disease sequelae in CIDs remained unclear because clinicians do not consider bodily energy trade-offs and evolutionary medicine. We review the evolution of physiological supersystems, fitness consequences of genes involved in CIDs during different life-history stages, environmental factors of CIDs, energy trade-offs during inflammatory episodes and the non-specificity of CIDs. Incorporating bodily energy regulation into evolutionary medicine builds a framework to better understand pathophysiology of CIDs by considering that genes and networks used are positively selected if they serve acute, highly energy-consuming inflammation. It is predicted that genes that protect energy stores are positively selected (as immune memory). This could explain why energy-demanding inflammatory episodes like infectious diseases must be terminated within 3-8 weeks to be adaptive, and otherwise become maladaptive. Considering energy regulation as an evolved adaptive trait explains why many known sequelae of different CIDs must be uniform. These are, e.g. sickness behavior/fatigue/depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance, anorexia, malnutrition, muscle wasting-cachexia, cachectic obesity, insulin resistance with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, alterations of steroid hormone axes, disturbances of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, hypertension, bone loss and hypercoagulability. Considering evolved energy trade-offs helps us to understand how an energy imbalance can lead to the disease sequelae of CIDs. In the future, clinicians must translate this knowledge into early diagnosis and symptomatic treatment in CIDs.
Twenty Drosophila visual system cDNA clones: one is a homolog of human arrestin. (1990)

From a group of 436 Drosophila melanogaster cDNA clones, we selected 39 that are expressed exclusively or predominantly in the adult visual system. By sequence analysis, 20 of the clones appear to represent previously unreported distinct cDNAs. The corresponding transcripts are detected in the retina and optic lobes. The genes are scattered throughout the genome, some near mutations known to affect eye function. One of these clones has been identified, by sequence analysis, as the structural gene (Arr) for a Drosophila homolog of human arrestin. Vertebrate arrestin interacts with rhodopsin in phototransduction and has been associated with an autoimmune form of uveitis in primates. The presence of an arrestin homolog in Drosophila suggests that both the vertebrate and invertebrate phototransduction cascades are regulated in a similar manner.
Detection of Regulatory Factors of Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cell Activity in Head and Neck Cancer Patients Treated with Interleukin-2 and Interferon Alpha (1992)

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-alpha (INF-alpha) are biologic modifiers that have met with limited clinical success in the treatment of human malignancies. We conducted a phase 2 trial of IL-2-IFN-alpha in patients with advanced or unresectable squamous cell carcinoma of the upper aerodigestive tract. Two patients were analyzed sequentially for serum induction phase-blocking factors of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell activity in their therapy. Serum also modulated LAK activity independent of autologous or allogeneic effector cells. Significantly inhibitory serum samples were stable in multiple freezings and thawings. Heat-treating the inhibitory serum, at 56 degrees C for 30 minutes, only partially removed the serum inhibitory capacity. Sequential analysis of p55 and p75, subunits of IL-2 receptors, showed that absence of effector cell lytic activity was associated with markedly decreased fluorescence of the IL-2Rp75 subunit only. No significant alteration of the IL-2Rp55 subunit occurred with therapy. These studies support the theory that lymphocyte and multiple serum factors, developing during IL-2-IFN-alpha therapy, regulate the induction of in vitro LAK activity. Further understanding of these factors may lead to improvements in biologic modifier therapy.
Are Patient-Specific Joint and Inertial Parameters Necessary for Accurate Inverse Dynamics Analyses of Gait? (2007)

Variations in joint parameter (JP) values (axis positions and orientations in body segments) and inertial parameter (IP) values (segment masses, mass centers, and moments of inertia) as well as kinematic noise alter the results of inverse dynamics analyses of gait. Three-dimensional linkage models with joint constraints have been proposed as one way to minimize the effects of noisy kinematic data. Such models can also be used to perform gait optimizations to predict post-treatment function given pre-treatment gait data. This study evaluates whether accurate patient-specific JP and IP values are needed in three-dimensional linkage models to produce accurate inverse dynamics results for gait. The study was performed in two stages. First, we used optimization analyses to evaluate whether patient-specific JP and IP values can be calibrated accurately from noisy kinematic data, and second, we used Monte Carlo analyses to evaluate how errors in JP and IP values affect inverse dynamics calculations. Both stages were performed using a dynamic, 27 degrees-of-freedom, full-body linkage model and synthetic (i.e., computer generated) gait data corresponding to a nominal experimental gait motion. In general, JP but not IP values could be found accurately from noisy kinematic data. Root-mean-square (RMS) errors were 3 degrees and 4 mm for JP values and 1 kg, 22 mm, and 74 500 kg * mm2 for IP values. Furthermore, errors in JP but not IP values had a significant effect on calculated lower-extremity inverse dynamics joint torques. The worst RMS torque error averaged 4% bodyweight * height (BW * H) due to JP variations but less than 0.25% (BW * H) due to IP variations. These results suggest that inverse dynamics analyses of gait utilizing linkage models with joint constraints should calibrate the model's JP values to obtain accurate joint torques.
Encapsulating micro-nano Si/SiO<sub>x</sub>into conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon as binder-free monolithic anodes for advanced lithium ion batteries (2015)

Silicon monoxide, a promising silicon-based anode candidate for lithium-ion batteries, has recently attracted much attention for its high theoretical capacity, good cycle stability, low cost, and environmental benignity. Currently, the most critical challenge is to improve its low initial coulombic efficiency and significant volume changes during the charge-discharge processes. Herein, we report a binder-free monolithic electrode structure based on directly encapsulating micro-nano Si/SiOx particles into conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks to form monolithic, multi-core, cross-linking composite matrices. We utilize micro-nano Si/SiOx reduced by high-energy ball-milling SiO as active materials, and conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon formed by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile both as binders and conductive agents. Owing to the high electrochemical activity of Si/SiOx and the good mechanical resiliency of conjugated nitrogen-doped carbon backbones, this specific composite structure enhances the utilization efficiency of SiO and accommodates its large volume expansion, as well as its good ionic and electronic conductivity. The annealed Si/SiOx/polyacrylonitrile composite electrode exhibits excellent electrochemical properties, including a high initial reversible capacity (2734 mA h g(-1) with 75% coulombic efficiency), stable cycle performance (988 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles), and good rate capability (800 mA h g(-1) at 1 A g(-1) rate). Because the composite is naturally abundant and shows such excellent electrochemical performance, it is a promising anode candidate material for lithium-ion batteries. The binder-free monolithic architectural design also provides an effective way to prepare other monolithic electrode materials for advanced lithium-ion batteries.
Glucose and palmitate oxidation in isolated working rat hearts reperfused after a period of transient global ischemia. (1990)

Alterations in energy substrate utilization during reperfusion of ischemic hearts can influence the functional recovery of the myocardium. Energy substrate preference by the reperfused myocardium, however, has received limited attention. Therefore, we measured oxidation rates of glucose and palmitate during reperfusion of ischemic hearts. Isolated working rat hearts were perfused with 1.2 mM palmitate and 11 mM [14C]glucose, 1.2 mM [14C]palmitate and 11 mM glucose, or 11 mM [14C]glucose alone, at an 11.5 mm Hg preload and 80 mm Hg afterload. Hearts were subjected to 60-minute aerobic perfusion or 25-minute global ischemia followed by 60-minute aerobic reperfusion. Steady-state oxidative rates of glucose or palmitate were determined by measuring 14CO2 production. In hearts perfused with glucose alone, oxidative rates during reperfusion were not significantly different than nonischemic hearts (1,008 +/- 335 vs. 1,372 +/- 117 nmol [14C]glucose oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). In the presence of palmitate, glucose oxidation was markedly reduced in reperfused and nonischemic hearts (81 +/- 11 and 101 +/- 15 nmol [14C]glucose oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). Palmitate oxidation rates were not significantly different in reperfused compared with nonischemic hearts (369 +/- 55 and 455 +/- 50 nmol [14C]palmitate oxidized/min/g dry wt, respectively). [14C]Palmitate was incorporated into myocardial triglycerides to a greater extent in reperfused ischemic hearts than in nonischemic hearts (26.0 and 13.8 mumol/g dry wt, respectively). Under the perfusion conditions used, palmitate provided over 90% of the ATP produced from exogenous substrates. Addition of the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor, ethyl 2-[6-(4-chlorophenoxy)hexyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (Etomoxir, 10(-6) M), during reperfusion stimulated glucose oxidation and improved mechanical recovery of ischemic hearts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct Visual Editing of Node Attributes in Graphs (2016)

There are many expressive visualization techniques for analyzing graphs. Yet, there is only little research on how existing visual representations can be employed to support data editing. An increasingly relevant task when working with graphs is the editing of node attributes. We propose an integrated visualize-and-edit approach to editing attribute values via direct interaction with the visual representation. The visualize part is based on node-link diagrams paired with attribute-dependent layouts. The edit part is as easy as moving nodes via drag-and-drop gestures. We present dedicated interaction techniques for editing quantitative as well as qualitative attribute data values. The benefit of our novel integrated approach is that one can directly edit the data while the visualization constantly provides feedback on the implications of the data modifications. Preliminary user feedback indicates that our integrated approach can be a useful complement to standard non-visual editing via external tools.
Vascular factors, angiogenesis and biliary tract disease (2010)

A widening body of information indicates that the expression of pro-angiogenic factors such as VEGFs and angiogenesis play an important role in a variety of biliary tract diseases. Further characterization of the link between angiogenesis and vascular growth factor expression will help in elucidating the mechanisms regulating the pathogenesis of biliary tract diseases and in devising new treatment approaches for these devastating diseases.