gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluidic Grooves on Doped-Ice Surface as Size-Tunable Channels (2015)

We propose a new principle for fabrication of size-tunable fluidic nano- and microchannels with a ubiquitous green material, water. Grooves filled with a solution are spontaneously formed on the surface of ice when an appropriate dopant is incorporated. Sucrose doping allows the development of grooves with lengths of 300 μm along the boundaries of ice crystal grains. This paper focuses on controlling the size of the liquid-filled groove and reveals its applicability to size-selective differentiation of nano- and micromaterials. The width of this groove can be varied in a range of 200 nm to 4 μm by adjusting the working temperature of the frozen platform. The channel dimension is reproducible as long as the same frozen condition is employed. We demonstrate the size-selective entrapment of particles as well as the state evaluation of DNA by controlling the physical interference of the ice wall with the electrophoretic migration of particles.
Be‐ und Entladesysteme für thermische Schichtenspeicher: Teil 1 – Überblick (2008)

Abstract Die effiziente Speicherung von thermischer Energie in Wasserspeichern erfordert einfache Be‐ und Entladesysteme, die eine thermische Schichtung im Speicher zuverlässig bewirken und erhalten. Eine hinsichtlich bereits existierender Verfahren und Systeme zur Be‐ und Entladung solcher Speicher durchgeführte Recherche zeigt, dass es eine Vielzahl möglicher Konstruktionen gibt, von denen jedoch die meisten bisher nur in kleinen Speichern eingesetzt werden. Über diese Varianten wird ein systematischer Überblick gegeben und besonders im Hinblick auf einen Einsatz solcher Be‐ und Entladesysteme in großen Speichern werden offene Probleme aufgezeigt.
Fault analysis system using neural networks and artificial intelligence (2002)

The authors propose a hybrid fault analysis system using an expert system (ES), neural networks (NNs), and a conventional fault analysis package (CFAP). The system detects fault type and approximate fault points using information from operated relays, circuit breakers (CBs), and fault voltage/current waveforms. Faulted sections are estimated by ES and the fault voltage/current waveform is analyzed by NNs. Since power systems require high reliability, the system uses a verification procedure based on CFAP for the result of NN waveform recognition. Four different types of NNs are compared and an appropriate NN is selected for waveform recognition. With NNs, ES and CFAP used together, the system can obtain the convenient features of these methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Repeater design to reduce delay and power in resistive interconnect (2002)

In large chips, the propagation delay of the data and clock signals is limited due to long resistive interconnect. The insertion of repeaters alleviates the quadratic increase in propagation delay with interconnect length while decreasing power dissipation by reducing short-circuit current. Design equations for determining the optimum number of repeaters to be inserted along a resistive interconnect line for reduced delay are presented. Power dissipation in repeater chains is also analyzed. The analytical model used in these design equations is based on the /spl alpha/-power law I-V equations for modeling short-channel devices and exhibits a maximum error of 16% for typical RC loads as compared to SPICE.
Cross-reactivity and antigenic heterogeneity among Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains of serotypes 4 and 7 (1991)

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains of serotypes 4 and 7 were studied for their antigenic properties by means of agglutination, coagglutination, indirect hemagglutination, immunodiffusion, and counterimmunoelectrophoresis tests. Strains of serotype 4 showed cross-reactivity with those of serotype 7 in various serological tests. Serotype 7 strains were antigenically heterogeneous and shared common antigens with several other serotypes. By using boiled whole-cell saline extract as the antigen in the immunodiffusion test, serotype 7 strains could be divided into four subgroups. Subgroup I strains did not have antigens in common with other serotypes, whereas subgroup II strains had antigens in common with serotype 4; subgroup III strains had antigens in common with serotype 10, and subgroup IV had antigens in common with serotypes 1, 9, and 11. The indirect hemagglutination test using unheated whole-cell saline extract as the antigen detected serotype-specific activity. Quantification of serotype-specific and group-specific antigens by coagglutination and immunodiffusion tests was found useful for identifying strains that belonged to serotype 4 or 7.
Digital diffractive optical memories (2002)

We show that the possibility of storing more informations within a decreased volume is now opened. This is due mainly to the recording material we have used which is an improved polypeptide of dichromated gelatin. The input digital information is recorded and a diffractive digital image is reconstructed. The percentage of pixels error detection is less than 1% when decoded. We recorded a matrix form memory of n/spl times/m/spl times/p where n and m are rows and columns of the matrix and p the number of multiplexes. In this paper n=m=10 and p=20, for a 25 /spl mu/m thickness of the recorded medium. The diffraction efficiency uniformity is demonstrated.
Photon counting energy dispersive detector arrays for x-ray imaging (2007)

The development of an innovative detector technology for photon counting in X-ray imaging is reported. This new generation of detectors, based on pixellated cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) detector arrays electrically connected to application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) for readout, will produce fast and highly efficient photon counting and energy dispersive x-ray imaging. There are a number of applications that can greatly benefit from these novel imagers including mammography, planar radiography, and computed tomography (CT). Systems based on this new detector technology can provide compositional analysis of tissue through spectroscopic x-ray imaging, significantly improve overall image quality, and may significantly reduced x-ray dose to the patient. Very high x-ray flux are utilized in many of these applications. For example, CT scanners can produce ~100 Mphotons/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s in the unattenuated beam. High flux is required in order to collect sufficient photon statistics in the measurement of the transmitted flux (attenuated beam) during the very short time frame of a CT scan. This high count rate combined with a need for high detection efficiency requires the development of detector structures that can provide a response signal much faster than the transit time of carriers over the whole detector thickness. We have developed CdTe and CdZnTe detector array structures which are 3 mm thick with 16 x 16 pixels and a 1 mm pixel pitch. These structures, in the two different implementations presented here, utilize either a small pixel effect or a drift phenomenon. An energy resolution of 4.75% at 122 keV has been obtained with a 30 ns peaking time. An output rate of 6 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> counts per second per individual pixel has been obtained with ASIC readout electronics. Additionally, the first clinical CT images, taken with several of our prototype photon counting and energy dispersive detector modules, are shown.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylboration and Ring Closing Alkene Metathesis: A Novel Strategy for the Synthesis of Glycosphingolipids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Distillation, 2. Equipment (2010)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Tray Columns 2.1. Design Principles 2.2. Operation Region of Tray Columns 2.3. Two‐Phase Flow on Trays 2.4. Mass Transfer in the Two‐Phase Layer 3. Packed Columns 3.1. Design Principles 3.2. Operation Region of Packed Columns 3.3. Two‐Phase Flow in Packed Columns 3.4. Mass Transfer in Packed Columns
Illness and the workplace: a study of physicians and employers. (1990)

Seven million patients with work-related injuries are seen annually in the United States, the majority by primary care physicians. The number of such patients seen in a typical community practice may be significant but has never been studied. Most community-based physicians have little or no formal training in occupational health care. This study consisted of a survey of practicing physicians and major industrial employers in a city of 39,000 with a strong manufacturing base. The purpose was to assess physician skills, attitudes, and practices that might influence the optimal management of patients with work-related conditions, and to assess employer attitudes about this management. Eighty-three percent of physicians and 68% of employers responded to the written surveys. Low numbers of patients with work-related conditions were reported except by orthopedists and a neurologist. Few physicians communicated directly with employers, citing time and confidentiality as factors. Twenty-five percent were unaware of specific legal guidelines for such contact. Administrative and legal complexities were cited by 97% of the respondents as barriers to effective management of such cases. Eight percent of employers sought more contact with physicians, including site visits and more detailed work restriction guidelines. The education of primary care physicians may improve their understanding of work-related conditions and the optimal management and rehabilitation of these patients.
Preventing information leakage between collaborating organisations (2008)

Information sharing and protection against leakage is a critical problem especially for organisations having sensitive information. Sharing content between individuals in the same organisation extends to exchanging and sharing content between collaborating organisations. In this paper we propose a novel solution for preventing shared information between collaborating organisations from getting leaked to unauthorised users inside the distination organisation or out side it. In addition, once the content is in the hands of authorised users our solution prevents unethical authorised users from leaking such content to other users in the same organisation or third parties.
Silver nanocluster aptamers: in situ generation of intrinsically fluorescent recognition ligands for protein detection (2010)

We have synthesized an intrinsically fluorescent recognition ligand that combines the high fluorescence quantum yield (>50%) of oligonucleotide templated AgNCs with the specificity and strong binding affinity of DNA aptamers for their target proteins, to develop a new strategy for detection of specific proteins.
A Novel Enterohepatic <i>Helicobacter</i> Species ‘<i>Helicobacter mastomyrinus</i>’ Isolated from the Liver and Intestine of Rodents (2005)

The organism was classified as a novel Helicobacter species for which we propose the name 'Helicobacter mastomyrinus'. Although 'H. mastomyrinus', like Helicobacter hepaticus and Helicobacter bilis, colonizes the liver of rodents, the pathogenic potential of this novel helicobacter is unknown.
<i>Bifidobacterium infantis</i> 35624 administration induces Foxp3 T regulatory cells in human peripheral blood: potential role for myeloid and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (2011)

B. infantis administration to humans selectively promotes immunoregulatory responses, suggesting that this microbe may have therapeutic utility in patients with inflammatory disease. Cross-talk between multiple pattern-recognition receptors and metabolic pathways determines the innate and subsequent T regulatory cell response to B. infantis. These findings link nutrition, microbiota and the induction of tolerance within the gastrointestinal mucosa.
N,N-dimethyl-2-(2-amino-4-(18)F-fluorophenylthio)-benzylamine (4-(18)F-ADAM): an improved PET radioligand for serotonin transporters. (2003)

4-(18)F-ADAM is suitable as a PET radioligand for studying SERT in the living brain. Further characterization of this new radioligand in humans is warranted.
Enforcing Semantic Integrity on Untrusted Clients in Networked Virtual Environments (Extended Abstract) (2007)

In the computer gaming industry, large-scale simulations of realistic physical environments over the Internet have attained increasing importance. Networked virtual environments (NVES) are typically based on a client-server architecture where part of the simulation workload is delegated to the clients. This architecture renders the simulation vulnerable to attacks against the semantic integrity of the simulation: malicious clients may attempt to compromise the physical and logical rules governing the simulation, or to alter the causality of events. This paper initiates the systematic study of semantic integrity in NVES from a security point of view. We present a new provably secure semantic integrity protocol which enables the server system to audit the local computations of the clients on demand.
Nucleolar KKE/D Repeat Proteins Nop56P and Nop58P Interact with Nop1p and Are Required for Ribosome Biogenesis (1997)

Different point mutations in the nucleolar protein fibrillarin (Nop1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can inhibit different steps in ribosome synthesis. A screen for mutations that are synthetically lethal (sl) with the nop1-5 allele, which inhibits pre-rRNA processing, identified NOP56. An independent sl mutation screen with nop1-3, which inhibits pre-rRNA methylation, identified a mutation in NOP58. Strikingly, Nop56p and Nop58p are highly homologous (45% identity). Both proteins were found to be essential and localized to the nucleolus. A temperature-sensitive lethal mutant allele, nop56-2, inhibited many steps in pre-rRNA processing, particularly on the pathway of 25S/5.8S rRNA synthesis, and led to defects in 60S subunit assembly. Epitope-tagged constructs show that both Nop56p and Nop58p are associated with Noplp in complexes, Nop56p and Nop1p exhibiting a stoichiometric association. These physical interactions presumably underlie the observed sl phenotypes. Well-conserved homologs are present in a range of organisms, including humans (52% identity between human hNop56p and yeast Nop56p), suggesting that these complexes have been conserved in evolution.
Enzyme induction observed in healthy volunteers after repeated administration of rifapentine and its lack of effect on steady-state rifapentine pharmacokinetics: part I. (1999)

Rifapentine is a potent inducer of CYP3A activity. However, single-dose pharmacokinetics of rifapentine predict steady-state exposure, indicating no autoinduction of rifapentine metabolism with repeated administration. Enzyme activity returns to predose levels within 2 weeks of the last daily dose of rifapentine.
An efficient hardware implementation for motion estimation of AVC standard (2005)

In the advanced video coding standard (AVC), motion estimation adopts many new features such as variable block size searching, multiple reference frames, motion vector prediction, etc, for enhancing the coding performance. However, the high data dependence and high computation requirement of these new features makes the hardware implementation very complex, especially for real-time applications. Therefore base on the reference software JM9.0, this paper firstly improved the motion estimation algorithm from hardware-oriented viewpoint, and secondly proposed the systolic architecture of improved algorithm. It adopts 2-D systolic arrays, fully supports the AVC 's variable block size matching, and can produce 41 motion vectors for one macroblock. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm can avoid the data dependences while with the same coding performance as JM9.0, and the proposed architecture can achieve the real-time requirement for 720/spl times/576 picture size at 30 fps with the search range of 65/spl times/65.
History Matching of Naturally Fractured Reservoirs Using Elastic Stress Simulation and Probability Perturbation Method (2005)

Abstract The application of elastic stress simulation for fracture modeling provides a more realistic description of fracture distribution than conventional statistical and geostatistical techniques, allowing the integration of geomechanical data and models into reservoir characterization. The geomechanical prediction of the fracture distribution accounts for the propagation of fracture caused by stress perturbation associated with faults. However, the challenge lies in estimating the past remote stress conditions which induced structural deformation and fracturing, the limited applicability of the elasticity assumption, and the latent uncertainty in the structural geometry of faults. The integration of historical production data and welltest permeability into geomechanical fracture modeling is a practical way to reduce such uncertainty. We propose to combine geostatistical algorithms for history matching with geomechanical elastic simulation model for developing an integrated yet efficient fracture modeling tool. This paper presents an integrated approach to history matching of naturally fractured reservoirs which includes 1) fracture trend prediction through elastic stress simulation, 2) geostatistical population of fracture density based on fracture trend map, 3) fracture permeability modeling integrating fracture density, matrix permeability and welltest permeability, and 4) numerical flow simulation and history matching. All of these implementations are incorporated into a single forward modeling process and iterated in the automatic history matching scheme. To obtain a history match on a reservoir model, we jointly perturb the large-scale fracture trend and local-scale geostatistical fluctuations of fracture densities rather than perturbing permeability calibrated from fractures. This strategy enables us to preserve the geological/geomechanical consistency throughout the history matching process. The geomechanically simulated fracture trend model is calibrated to both production data and geological structure map (faults and horizons) by finding the optimum remote stress condition for elastic stress-field simulation. The latter is achieved by matching the actually observed structural deformation trend with the simulated one. The smaller-scale fluctuation of fracture density is simultaneously history matched through the probability perturbation method of Caers (2003)1,2. The result of synthetic reservoir application is presented.
Knockdown of Ubiquitin Ligases in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells Leads to Cell Death and Differentiation (2011)

The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis proposes that a subpopulation of CSCs is frequently responsible for chemotherapy resistance and metastasis and is now a point of attack for research into the next generation of therapeutics. Although many of these agents are directed at inducing CSC apoptosis (as well as the bulk tumor), some agents may also decrease cell "stemness" possibly through induction of differentiation. Ubiquitin ligases, critical to virtually all cellular signaling systems, alter the degradation or trafficking of most proteins in the cell, and indeed broad perturbation of this system, through inhibition of the proteosome, is a successful cancer treatment. The authors examined several glioblastoma stem cell isolates pre- and postdifferentiation to elucidate the phenotypic effects following shRNA knockdown of ubiquitin ligases. The results were analyzed using high-content imaging (HCI) and identified ubiquitin ligases capable of inducing both CSC differentiation and apoptosis. Quite often these effects were specific to CSCs, as ubiquitin ligase knockdown in terminally differentiated progeny yielded markedly different results. The resolution of HCI at the subpopulation level makes it an excellent tool for the analysis of CSC phenotypic changes induced by shRNA knockdown and may suggest additional methods to target these cells for death or differentiation.
Electrostatic Titrations Reveal Surface Compositions of Mixed, On-Nanoparticle Monolayers Comprising Positively and Negatively Charged Ligands (2016)

A general-purpose procedure based on electrostatic titrations was developed to determine the compositions of mixed self-assembled monolayers (m-SAMs) of oppositely charged ligands on metal nanoparticles (NPs). In this procedure, nanoparticles of unknown m-SAM compositions and charges are titrated with the positively charged NP “standards”. These compositions and the differences in the free energies of adsorption of the [+] and [−] are then determined from the points of precipitation at which the overall charge on all NPs is neutralized. The results of the titrations agree well with traditional core-etching/NMR studies. However, the titration-based approach is nondestructive and requires significantly less material than NMR.
New Results on Plasma Activated Bonding of Imprinted Polymer Features for Bio MEMS Applications (2006)

Nanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowledged low cost, high resolution, large area 3D patterning process for polymers. It includes the most promising methods: high pressure hot embossing (HE) and UV-Nanoimprint Lithography (UV-NIL). Curing of the imprinted structures is either done by cooling down below the glass transition temperature of the thermoplastic polymer in case of HE or by subsequent UV-light exposure and cross-linking in case of UV-NIL. Both techniques allow rapid prototyping for high volume production of fully patterned substrates for a wide range of materials. The advantages of using polymer substrates over common Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) processing materials like glass, silicon or quartz are: bio-compatible surfaces, easy manufacturability, low cost for high volume production, suitable for use in micro- and nano-fabrication, low conductivity, wide range of optical properties just to name a few. We will present experimental results on HE processes with PMMA as well as UV-NIL imprints in selected UV-curable resists.
Behavioral assessment of adaptive feedback equalization in a digital hearing aid. (1993)

An evaluation was made of the efficacy of a digital feedback equalization algorithm employed by the Central Institute for the Deaf Wearable Adaptive Digital Hearing Aid. Three questions were addressed: 1) Does acoustic feedback limit gain adjustments made by hearing aid users? 2) Does feedback equalization permit users with hearing-impairment to select more gain without feedback? and, 3) If more gain is used when feedback equalization is active, does word identification performance improve? Nine subjects with hearing impairment participated in the study. Results suggest that listeners with hearing impairment are indeed limited by acoustic feedback when listening to soft speech (55 dB A) in quiet. The average listener used an additional 4 dB gain when feedback equalization was active. This additional gain resulted in an average 10 rationalized arcsine units (RAU) improvement in word identification score.