gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural budget balance: the pilar of the new chilean fiscal policy rule (2001)

This paper develops the structural budget balance methodology, adopted for use in the Chilean public sector. The structural balance methodology adjusts fiscal accounts so they reflect changes in net worth and makes it possible to isolate changes in fiscal policy resulting from the main exogenous factors determining fiscal revenues: GDP and copper price. This facilitates the analysis and evaluation of fiscal policy in Chile, which, since 2000, has focused on achieving a structural budget surplus, thus ensuring the existence of counter-cyclical fiscal policy in a framework of robust fiscal accounts.
Interpretation of carbon-13 NMR sequence distribution for ethylene-propylene copolymers made with heterogeneous catalysts (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterpretation of carbon-13 NMR sequence distribution for ethylene-propylene copolymers made with heterogeneous catalystsC. CozewithCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 6, 1237–1244Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00172a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00172a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
XXXV. <i>On the diffraction of light</i> (1858)

(1858). XXXV. On the diffraction of light. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 16, No. 108, pp. 321-328.
Novel Gain Tilt Monitoring Method for DWDM Submarine Cable Systems (2001)

We propose a new monitoring method of gain tilt for DWDM submarine cable system with simple configuration. This method can be applied to DWDM submarine cable systems on in-service condition without dedicated wavelengths. The relation between the monitoring sensitivity and pre-emphasis is studied.
Incidence and nature of cytoplasmic hepatitis B antigen in hepatocytes. (1975)

Hepatitis B antigen (HB Ag) in the hepatocytic cytoplasm is detected by immunofluorescence after reaction with fluoresceinated antiserum to HB Ag or by electron microscopy as numerous 20- to 30-nm. tubular and circular structures in dilated cisternae of excess endoplasmic reticulum. On light microscopy, these hepatocytes can be recognized because their cytoplasm has a ground-glass appearance and stains with Gomori's aldehyde fuchsin. Aldehyde fuchsin-positive ground-glass hepatocytes were detected in all 14 asymptomatic carriers of HB Ag and in 16 of 60 HB Ag-seropositive patients with chronic hepatitis, but not in HB Ag-seropositive acute viral hepatitis or in various other HB Ag-seronegative liver diseases. These cells are helpful in identifying on light microscopy HB Ag carriers and a portion of patients with HB Ag-positive chronic hepatitis. Nuclear HB Ag did not stain with aldehyde fuchsin. Nucleic acids were not detected in the ground-glass cytoplasm by special stains at the light or electron microscopic level. We suggest that the tubular and circular structures in the hepatocytic cytoplasm are coat material of the hepatitis B virus or virally coded host cell reaction product rather than the complete hepatitis B virus.
Different distributions of immunoreactive S100-α and S100-β protein expression in human breast cancer (1998)

Immunohistochemical staining for S 100-alpha and S100-beta proteins may help to differentiate benign proliferative breast lesions from breast cancers in difficult cases.
Surface texturing by sputter etching (1976)

Sputter etching has been used to smooth and preferentially etch surfaces in ways similar to chemical etching. However, under certain circumstances sputter etching will result in a textured surface consisting of cones, rods, hillocks, and other structures. These textured features depend on the existence at the surface of regions with large differences in their sputtering behavior. The regions can consist of irregular surface layers, subsurface phases or precipitates, the existence of many crystallographic planes with large differences in sputtering properties, or other phenomena. Several techniques for initiating surface texture have been examined using OFHC copper. The copper yielded a wide variety of structures with textures that were related to the origin of the sputtering variations. The surface textures obtained are also correlated with optical properties. Some textures show extremely high absorptance over the solar spectrum out to relatively high angles of incidence.
Apocalypse de Jean (1968)

Oratorio electronique en 5 temps. - Sur le texte de l'Apocalypse de Jean traduit et adapte par Georges Levitte. - Commande du Ministere des affaires culturelles. - Date de composition : 1968. - 1re execution : Semaines musicales internationales de Paris, Theâtre de la Musique, 31 octobre 1968, lors d'un concert ininterrompu d'une duree de 26 heures
Biofuel and food: it’s complicated (2010)

In 2008, food suddenly got more expensive. People in many developing countries staged protests and the production of biofuel from agricultural crops was blamed for the problem [1]. The story told a...
Mobile robots for offshore inspection and manipulation (2009)

This paper analyzes the potential to apply mobile service robots in offshore oil and gas producing environments. The required hardware and software components and abilities of such a mobile offshore inspection and manipulation robot are presented in this paper. Possible applications of mobile service robots in an offshore environment range from simple visual inspection tasks to physical intervention with the process equipment, e.g. for sample taking, valve turning, cleaning up minor obstructions, and operating control panels. The first prototype of a mobile offshore inspection robot is equipped with a robotic arm which carries a camera for visual inspection as well as various application sensors such as a microphone, gas and fire sensors. It is able of both, remote and autonomous inspection of industrial process equipment. In automatic mode the robot autonomously executes pre-programmed inspection tasks. The results of all inspection tasks are saved to a database and can be reviewed by the responsible operator in the central control room at any time. The evaluation of the first autonomous mobile robot that has ever been operated in offshore environments has proven the applicability of mobile robotics to offshore environments. Different types of inspection tasks (visual and acoustic inspection, gas measuring) have been programmed to and executed by the robot successfully without ever jeopardizing the safety of the platform or the platform personnel. The application of mobile robotics in offshore environments can reduce the level of manual human intervention required to operate a production facility thereby increasing the efficiency of the workforce, improving safety and working conditions, and improving the production economics. The successful evaluation of the first realization of a mobile inspection and manipulation robot has thus leveled the ground for future mobile robot installations in offshore environments.
A <i>Drosophila</i> model for TDP-43 proteinopathy (2010)

Neuropathology involving TAR DNA binding protein-43 (TDP-43) has been identified in a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases collectively named as TDP-43 proteinopathy, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar dementia (FTLD). To test whether increased expression of wide-type human TDP-43 (hTDP-43) may cause neurotoxicity in vivo, we generated transgenic flies expressing hTDP-43 in various neuronal subpopulations. Expression in the fly eyes of the full-length hTDP-43, but not a mutant lacking its amino-terminal domain, led to progressive loss of ommatidia with remarkable signs of neurodegeneration. Expressing hTDP-43 in mushroom bodies (MBs) resulted in dramatic axon losses and neuronal death. Furthermore, hTDP-43 expression in motor neurons led to axon swelling, reduction in axon branches and bouton numbers, and motor neuron loss together with functional deficits. Thus, our transgenic flies expressing hTDP-43 recapitulate important neuropathological and clinical features of human TDP-43 proteinopathy, providing a powerful animal model for this group of devastating diseases. Our study indicates that simply increasing hTDP-43 expression is sufficient to cause neurotoxicity in vivo, suggesting that aberrant regulation of TDP-43 expression or decreased clearance of hTDP-43 may contribute to the pathogenesis of TDP-43 proteinopathy.
Chopping in continuous-time sigma-delta modulators (2017)

This paper discusses the use of chopping in continuous-time sigma-delta modulators where 1/f noise and offset need to be suppressed by continuous-time methods. An intuitive analysis of the artifacts related to chopping is presented. Aliasing of quantization noise is found to be the main problem, especially for chopping frequencies lower than the modulator's sampling frequency (fs). Correctly timed return-to-zero and switched-capacitor DACs are proposed as a solution to the aliasing problem. In both cases, the key idea is to synchronize DAC transitions with moments when the quantization noise at the input of the first integrator is low. Circuit level simulations are presented to validate the proposed techniques.
Baseline estimates of soil organic carbon by proximal sensing: Comparing design-based, model-assisted and model-based inference (2015)

For baselining and to assess changes in soil organic carbon (C) we need efficient soil sampling designs and methods for measuring C stocks. Conventional analytical methods are time-consuming, expensive and impractical, particularly for measuring at depth. Here we demonstrate the use of proximal soil sensors for estimating the total soil organic C stocks and their accuracies in the 0–10 cm, 0–30 cm and 0–100 cm layers, and for mapping the stocks in each of the three depth layers across 2837 ha of grazing land. Sampling locations were selected by probability sampling, which allowed design-based, model-assisted and model-based estimation of the total organic C stock in the study area. We show that spectroscopic and gamma attenuation sensors can produce accurate measures of soil organic C and bulk density at the sampling locations, in this case every 5 cm to a depth of 1 m. Interpolated data from a mobile multisensor platform were used as covariates in Cubist to map soil organic C. The Cubist map was subsequently used as a covariate in the model-assisted and model-based estimation of the total organic C stock. The design-based, model-assisted and model-based estimates of the total organic C stocks in the study area were similar. However, the variances of the model-assisted and model-based estimates were smaller compared to those of the design-based method. The model-based method produced the smallest variances for all three depth layers. Maps helped to assess variability in the C stock of the study area. The contribution of the spectroscopic model prediction error to our uncertainty about the total soil organic C stocks was relatively small. We found that in soil under unimproved pastures, remnant vegetation and forests there is good rationale for measuring soil organic C beyond the commonly recommended depth of 0–30 cm.
Wireless telegram microwave ECRIS (2018)

We have constructed tandem-type electron cyclotron resonance ion source (ECRIS) which consists of two individual ion sources. We aim at synthesizing endohedral metallofullerenes by transporting metal ion beam from the first stage into fullerene plasma in the 2nd stage and then synthesize them. The fullerene is dissociated easily in plasmas on conventional experimental microwave power. So, we need to operate microwave sources which enable to propagate extremely low power microwaves, we introduced wireless telegram as low power microwave sources. This paper is described investigation of properties of wireless microwave ECRIS as compared with magnetron cases and producing fullerene and argon ion beam on the ECRIS. As a result, it is successful to ignite and sustain ECR plasma under extremely low microwave power within about 0.1 to several W by use of this wireless microwave source, and we investigate the breakdown power on ECR discharge in various magnetic fields and pressures.
DNA TYPING FOR HLA‐DPB1‐ALLELES IN GERMAN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS USING THE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION AND DIG‐ddUTP‐LABELLED OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES (1993)

Genomic DNA of 178 German Caucasian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are studied for HLA-DP locus by using PCR and DIG-ddUTP-labelled oligonucleotide probes. A significant increase of DPB1*0101 is observed in SLE patients compared with healthy controls (chi 2 = 15.27, p.c. < 0.004). DPB1*0501 and *0901 are also slightly increased (chi 2 = 5.85, P < 0.05, p.c. = NS; chi 2 = 5.64, P < 0.05, p.c. = NS). There is no significant difference in frequency of DP alleles between male and female patients. Since a linkage disequilibrium between HLA-B, DR and DP loci is found in our SLE patients, an analysis is performed assessing the relative importance of these HLA-markers to SLE. The results show that the increase of DPB1*0101 in SLE patients is associated with the HLA-B8, DR3 haplotype and it suggests a more important role for HLA-B8, DR3 or genes within this haplotype than for DPB1*0101 in the genetic predisposition for SLE.
Systematic design optimization of a competitive soft-concatenated decoding system (2002)

Due to the advances in VLSI technology complete digital communication systems can today be implemented on single application specific VLSI circuits. The optimum choice of implementation parameters, such as signal wordlengths, is a critical design task since poor parameter choices can lead to costly designs. On the other hand, the high number of parameters to be selected span a large search space that is very difficult to handle. The authors present a new systematic approach to parameter selection and apply this approach to the design optimization of a decoding system for a concatenated coding scheme. Two convolutional codes are concatenated and both are decoded by soft decision decoding. This is facilitated by means of soft output decoding of the inner code. The performance of the scheme is better than that of the well known standard code with 64 states for moderate BER at equivalent implementation cost. The proposed coding scheme is thus an attractive alternative whenever high bit error rate performance is prerequisite, e.g. for digital HDTV transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Building and Using Personal Knowledge Graph to Improve Suicidal Ideation Detection on Social Media (2020)

A large number of individuals are suffering from suicidal ideation in the world. There are a number of causes behind why an individual might suffer from suicidal ideation. As the most popular platform for self-expression, emotion release, and personal interaction, individuals may exhibit a number of symptoms of suicidal ideation on social media. Nevertheless, challenges from both data and knowledge aspects remain as obstacles, constraining the social media-based detection performance. Data implicitness and sparsity make it difficult to discover the inner true intentions of individuals based on their posts. Inspired by psychological studies, we build and unify a high-level suicide-oriented knowledge graph with deep neural networks for suicidal ideation detection on social media. We further design a two-layered attention mechanism to explicitly reason and establish key risk factors to individual's suicidal ideation. The performance study on microblog and Reddit shows that: 1) with the constructed personal knowledge graph, the social media-based suicidal ideation detection can achieve over 93% accuracy; and 2) among the six categories of personal factors, <i>post, personality,</i> and <i>experience</i> are the top-3 key indicators. Under these categories, <i>posted text</i>, <i>stress level</i>, <i>stress duration</i>, <i>posted image</i>, and <i>ruminant thinking</i> contribute to one's suicidal ideation detection.
Analysis of semiconductor microlasers with an equilateral triangle resonator by rate equations (2001)

Semiconductor microlasers with an equilateral triangle resonator (ETR) are analyzed by rate equations with the mode lifetimes calculated by the finite-difference time-domain technique and the Pade approximation. A gain spectrum based on the relation of the gain spectrum and the spontaneous emission spectrum is proposed for considering the mode selection in a wide wavelength span. For an ETR microlaser with a side length of about 5 /spl mu/m, we find that single fundamental mode operation at about 1.55 /spl mu/m can be obtained as the side length increases from 4.75 to 5.05 /spl mu/m. The corresponding wavelength tuning range is 93 nm, and the threshold current is about 0.1 to 0.4 mA.
Roadways, vehicle, and traffic applications: defining models of urban traffic using the TSC tool (2001)

ATLAS is a specification language defined to outline city sections as cell spaces. A static view of the city section to be analyzed can be defined and a modeler is able to define complex traffic models in a simple fashion. A compiler for this specification language (called TSC) was built. The language implements the ATLAS constructions as Cell-DEVS models. The rule generation for describing the traffic behavior is based on macro templates, entitling changes in the model implementation in a flexible way. The formal specification avoids a high number of errors in the developed application, and the problem solving time is highly reduced.
Milk Immunoglobulin with Specific Activity against Purified Colonization Factor Antigens Can Protect against Oral Challenge with Enterotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1998)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most commonly isolated pathogen responsible for travelers' diarrhea and the cause of up to 650 million cases of pediatric diarrhea per year in the developing world. As a safe alternative to the prophylactic use of antibiotics, a hyperimmune bovine milk antibody product with specific activity against purified colonization factor antigens (CFAs) was developed and evaluated in a human challenge study. Twenty-five healthy adult volunteers were challenged orally with 10(9) cfu of a virulent CFA/I-bearing ETEC. In the randomized double-blind trial, 7 of 10 volunteers receiving a lactose-free placebo developed clinical diarrhea after challenge, compared with only 1 of 15 cases in volunteers receiving active product (Fisher's exact test, P < .0017). It is concluded that antibodies against CFAs alone are sufficient for protection and that prophylaxis with milk-derived immunoglobulin is a feasible alternative to existing drug interventions.
Techniques to Measure and Maximize the Performance of a 120 dB, 24-Bit, 96-kHz A/D Converter Integrated Circuit (1997)

This paper briefly describes the architecture of an example A/D converter, discusses some trade-offs in the external circuit design and concludes with some measurement issues and results. The techniques discussed also form a basis for users&apos; own designs, allowing predictable realization of maximum performance.
Efficient intracavity doubling in flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YLF (1987)

We report intracavity generation of greater than 10 mJ of 0.527-μm output with approximately 80% extraction efficiency in a single transverse mode in a flash-lamp-pumped, accousto-optically Q-switched system of low average output power. A 5-mm KTP cube was utilized as the doubling crystal, angle-tuned to phase match at 1.054 μm. Both a linear configuration and a folded configuration were utilized, with a twofold increase in efficiency in the latter case. Overcoupling was observed with the expected pulse broadening of the second-harmonic pulse and limiting of the peak intracavity fundamental power.
Optimal synthesis of application specific heterogeneous pipelined multiprocessors (2002)

We present a technique and formal model for optimal synthesis of specialized heterogeneous multiprocessors, given task flow graphs to be executed in a pipelined (periodic) fashion. SOS is a formal approach to system synthesis using mixed integer-linear programming, ensuring optimally of the final solutions. SOS was extended to cover the pipelined design style. The extensions were made while trying to avoid a considerable increase in computation time over the non-pipelined case. The extensions include new binary variables as well as new constraints used to ensure numerical convergence. The present tool supports minimization of parameters such as initiation rate, latency and cost.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Energy-efficient single-flux-quantum based neuromorphic computing (2017)

Recent experimental work has demonstrated nano- textured magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) that exhibit tunable spiking behavior with ultra-low training energies in the attojoule range. MJJ devices integrated with standard single-flux-quantum neural systems form a new class of neuromorphic technologies that have spiking energies between attojoules and zeptojoules, operation frequencies up to 100 GHz, and nanoscale plasticity. Here, we present the design of neural cells utilizing MJJs that form the basic elements in multilayer perception and convolutional networks. We present SPICE models, using experimentally derived Verilog A models for MJJs, to assess the performance of these cells in simple neural network structures. Modeling results indicate that the tunable Josephson critical current IC can function as a weight in a neural network. Using SPICE we model a fully connected two layer network with 9 inputs and 3 outputs.
Dependence of pseudomorphic semiconductor band gap on substrate orientation (1991)

For a given misfit we examine the band-gap variation of a pseudomorphic overlayer on a thick substrate as a function of substrate orientation. The strain tensor is found to be a strong function of the substrate orientation. For both direct and indirect band-gap overlayers, this results in a significant variation in the band gap as the substrate orientation is changed. However, for indirect band-gap layers, such as SiGe alloys grown on Si substrates, the change in band gap is accompanied by a lifting of conduction-band-edge degeneracies. The magnitude of this splitting may be as large or larger than the change in the band gap.&lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt; &lt;lz&gt;