gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The concept of an angular spectrum of plane waves, and its relation to that of polar diagram and aperture distribution (1950)

A critical examination is made of the somewhat loose and incomplete statement that a polar diagram is the Fourier transform of an aperture distribution. By aperture distribution it is necessary to understand, in the two-dimensional case, distribution across the aperture of the component along the aperture plane of the electromagnetic field in the plane of propagation. Furthermore, the concept of the polar diagram has to be replaced by that of an angular spectrum, except in the common case when the aperture may be considered more or less limited in width, and the field is being evaluated at a point whose distance from the aperture is large compared with the width of the aperture (and the wavelength). For example, it is convenient for some purposes to regard the problem of diffraction of a plane wave by a semi-infinite plane screen, with a straight edge, as a problem about an aperture distribution in the plane of the screen. This is a case for which the concept of a polar diagram is not in general applicable, and has to be replaced by that of an angular spectrum. The field at all points in front of a plane aperture of any distribution may be regarded as arising from an aggregate of plane waves travelling in various directions. The amplitude and phase of the waves, as a function of their direction of travel, constitutes an angular spectrum, and this angular spectrum, appropriately expressed, is, without approximation, the Fourier transform of the aperture distribution. If the aperture distribution is of such a nature that the concept of the polar diagram is applicable at sufficiently great distances, then the polar diagram is equal to the angular spectrum. But the angular spectrum is a concept that is always applicable, whereas the polar diagram is one that is liable to be invalid (for example, in the Sommerfeld theory of propagation over a plane, imperfectly reflecting earth).
Internet-enabled Access Control System using a Mobile Application (2018)

The need to secure property or restrict entrance in special areas by controlling access to them has always been extremely important for life safety and personal assets, as well as those of the organizations. Different mechanical or electronic door locks are available today using keypads and passwords, RFID devices, biometric data, in order to prevent unauthorized access in homes, research labs, banks, stores, etc. This paper presents a secure access control system based on a Raspberry Pi3 model B board connected to Internet via the local area network. The system monitors in real-time the front of the door using a camera and face recognition features, and notify the system administrator if anyone spends time in front of the door more than a specified limit. Registered users have allowed access and may unlock the door through a mobile application, as the identification may be done by face recognition, password, or fingerprint, subject of availability. The system administrator also has access to the camera captured frames and may unlock the door remotely per request. A web server running on the Raspberry Pi3 embedded system maintain a local database containing the registered user list and related data, as well as a log file that provide the system administrator detailed information about any detected and recorded events.
Formation of Carbon Nanotubes through Ethylene Decomposition over Supported Platinum Catalysts: Effects of Silica Coating on Catalytic Performance of Platinum (2008)

Abstract Pt metal particles supported on carriers such as MgO and SiO2 showed high activity for the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) through ethylene decomposition at 973 K. However, these CNTs were not uniform in diameter because of the sintering of Pt metal particles during the reaction. Covering Pt catalysts with silica prevented the sintering of Pt metal particles during ethylene decomposition, resulting in the formation of CNTs with a uniform diameter.
The L561A Substitution in the Nascent Base-Pair Binding Pocket of RB69 DNA Polymerase Reduces Base Discrimination (2006)

Several variants of RB69 DNA polymerase (RB69 pol) with single-site replacements in the nascent base-pair binding pocket are less discriminating with respect to noncomplementary dNMP incorporation than the wild-type enzyme. To quantify the loss in base selectivity, we determined the transient-state kinetic parameters for incorporation of correct and all combinations of incorrect dNMPs by the exonuclease-deficient form of one of these RB69 pol variants, L561A, using rapid chemical quench assays. The L561A variant did not significantly alter the k(pol) and K(D) values for incorporation of correct dNMPs, but it showed increased incorporation efficiency (k(pol)/K(D)) for mispaired bases relative to the wild-type enzyme. The incorporation efficiency for mispaired bases by the L561A variant ranged from 1.5 x 10(-)(5) microM(-)(1) s(-)(1) for dCMP opposite templating C to 2 x 10(-)(3) microM(-)(1) s(-)(1) for dAMP opposite templating C. These k(pol)/K(D) values are 3-60-fold greater than those observed with the wild-type enzyme. The effect of the L561A replacement on the mutation frequency in vivo was determined by infecting Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid encoding the L561A variant of RB69 pol with T4 phage bearing a mutant rII locus, and the rates of reversions to rII(+) were scored. The exonuclease-proficient RB69 pol L561A displayed a weak mutator phenotype. In contrast, no progeny phage were produced after infection of E. coli, expressing an exonuclease-deficient RB69 pol L561A, with either mutant or wild-type T4 phage. This dominant-lethal phenotype was attributed to error catastrophe caused by the high rate of mutation expected from combining the pol L561A and exo(-) mutator activities.
Audio-on-demand over wireless sensor networks (2012)

Audio represents one of the most appealing yet least exploited modalities in wireless sensor networks, due to the potentially extremely large data volumes and limited wireless capacity. Therefore, how to effectively collect audio sensing information remains a challenging problem. In this paper, we propose a new paradigm of audio information collection based on the concept of audio-on-demand. We consider a sink-free environment targeting for disaster management, where audio chunks are stored inside the network for retrieval. The difficulty is to guarantee a high search success rate without infrastructure support. To solve the problem, we design a novel replication algorithm that deploys an optimal number of O(√n) replicas across the sensor network. We prove the optimality of the energy consumption of the algorithm, and use real testbed experiments and extensive simulations to evaluate the performance and efficiency of our design. The experimental results show that our design can provide satisfactory quality of audio-on-demand service with short startup latency and slight playback jitter. Extensive simulation results show that this design achieves a search success rate of 98% while reducing the search energy consumption by an order of magnitude compared with existing schemes.
Autotuning of Digitally Controlled DC–DC Converters Based on Relay Feedback (2007)

This paper proposes a simple autotuning technique for digitally controlled dc-dc converters. The proposed approach is based on the relay feedback method and introduces perturbations on the output voltage during converter soft-start. By using an iterative procedure, the tuning of proportional-integral-derivative parameters is obtained directly by including the controller in the relay feedback and by adjusting the controller parameters based on the specified phase margin and control loop bandwidth. A nice property of the proposed solution is that output voltage perturbations are introduced while maintaining the relay feedback control on the output voltage. The proposed algorithm is simple, requires small tuning times, and it is compliant with the cost/complexity constraints of integrated digital integrated circuits. Simulation and experimental results of a synchronous buck converter and of a dc-dc boost converter confirm the effectiveness of the proposed solution
Parker family of Gloucestershire (1915)

Journal Article Parker family of Gloucestershire Get access A. S. Ellis A. S. Ellis 1Westminster Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-XI, Issue 267, 6 February 1915, Page 106, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-XI.267.106b Published: 06 February 1915
Neuroendocrine evidence for antagonism of serotonin and dopamine receptors by olanzapine (LY170053), an antipsychotic drug candidate. (1992)

Olanzapine, 2-methyl-4-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)-10H-thieno[2,3-B] [1,5]benzodiazepine (LY170053), antagonized the quipazine-induced elevation of serum corticosterone concentration in rats with an ED50 value of 0.57 mg/kg i.p. LY170053 was less potent in antagonizing the pergolide-induced elevation of serum corticosterone concentration in rats, and increases in corticosterone elicited by olanzapine alone at higher doses complicated the precise estimate of an ED50 value, which was approximately 3 mg/kg. These relative potencies in blocking quipazine and pergolide effects are taken as indices of antagonism of serotonin 5HT2 and of dopamine D2 receptors, respectively. Olanzapine is more potent than clozapine in blocking 5HT2 and D2 receptors, and its ability to block these receptors supports its possible usefulness as an antipsychotic drug.
An experimental study of mass transfer in rotating couette flow with low axial reynolds number (1976)

Abstract An experimental investigation has been undertaken to determine the oxygen transfer rate of a rotating Couette flow oxygenator for low axial annular flow rates. The purpose of this study was to determine if such a device might provide a rational basis for the subsequent design of a blood oxygenator for respiratory support in clinical situations. Using oxygen and degassed water as an analog to oxygen and blood the Sherwood number was determined as a function of the axial Reynolds number and the Taylor number. Results show that oxygen transfer rates can be enhanced by at least ten times over that of the non‐rotating situation, the flow being laminar with vortex flow superposed. The present results were correlated as Sh vs. Ta/Ta c over the range of parameters studied.
Nonhyperbolic reflection moveout in anisotropic media (1994)

Abstract The standard hyperbolic approximation for reflection moveouts in layered media is accurate only for relatively short spreads, even if the layers are isotropic. Velocity anisotropy may significantly enhance deviations from hyperbolic moveout. Nonhyperbolic analysis in anisotropic media is also important because conventional hyperbolic moveout processing on short spreads is insufficient to recover the true vertical velocity (hence the depth).We present analytic and numerical analysis of the combined influence of vertical transverse isotropy and layering on long-spread reflection moveouts. Qualitative description of nonhyperbolic moveout on 'intermediate' spreads (offset-to-depth ratio x/z &lt; 1.7-2) is given in terms of the exact fourth-order Taylor series expansion for P, SV, and P-SV traveltime curves, valid for multilayered transversely isotropic media with arbitrary strength of anisotropy. We use this expansion to provide an analytic explanation for deviations from hyperbolic moveout, such as the strongly nonhyperbolic SV-moveout observed numerically in the case where delta &gt; epsilon . With this expansion, we also show that the weak anisotropy approximation becomes inadequate (to describe nonhyperbolic moveout) for surprisingly small values of the anisotropies delta and epsilon .However, the fourth-order Taylor series rapidly loses numerical accuracy with increasing offset. We suggest a new, more general analytical approximation, and test it against several transversely isotropic models. For P-waves, this moveout equation remains numerically accurate even for substantial anisotropy and large offsets. This approximation provides a fast and effective way to estimate the behavior of long-spread moveouts for layered anisotropic models.
Protein Nutritive Quality of Commercial Fish Meals as Assessed by Biological and Chemical Methods (1966)

Various chemical characteristics of fish meals pertaining to the protein and lipid components were determined and their relation to different biological estimates of protein quality were studied. The results demonstrated the practical importance of selecting appropriate biological assays in order to avoid underestimating or overestimating protein quality. Pepsin digestibility of the crude protein remaining in the meals after chloroform–methanol extraction was significantly correlated with biological estimates of protein quality. Meals of initially high supplementary protein value declined in value to a greater extent than did meals of lower quality. The level of available lysine present in the meals declined with storage but biological tests indicated that a combination of several amino acids rather than any single amino acid was limiting to supplementary protein value.
Incremental partitioning-based vectorless power grid verification (2005)

To ensure reliable performance of a chip, design verification of the power grid is of critical importance. This paper builds on previous work that models the working behavior of the circuit in terms of abstracted current constraints and solves for worst-case voltage drop on the grid as a linear program. The main motivation is to allow the efficient verification of local power grid sections or blocks, enabling incremental design analysis of the grid. This approach substantially improves the computational time by reducing the problem size and the constraint set and replacing them by black box macromodels. This increase the capacity of the solver to handle industrial sized grids.
Stabilization of Hydrophobic Colloidal Dispersions in Water with Amphiphilic Polymers:  Application to Integral Membrane Proteins (1997)

Stabilization of aqueous dispersions of highly hydrophobic colloidal particleshere three integral membrane proteins of nanometric dimensionswere obtained by substituting the classical protective layer of surfactant with low molecular weight amphiphilic polymers (“amphipols”). These polymers, derived from poly(acrylic acid), adsorb onto the particle despite the presence of residual surfactant from the initial stock solutions of proteins. Unbound amphipols and surfactants can be subsequently removed without dissociation of the complex or precipitation. As a consequence of multipoint attachment between the partners, complexation appears irreversible on the time scale of a few hours to a few days. Protein/amphipol complexes contain a much lower number of alkyl groups per particle as compared with classical protein/surfactant complexes. The density of coverage (≈100−200 alkyl groups per particle) increases with the salt concentration of the medium but is not sensitive to pH.
Engineering radix sort (1993)

Radix sorting methods have excellent asymptotic performance on string data, for which comparison is not a unit-time operation. Attractive for use in large byte-addressable memories, these methods have nevertheless long been eclipsed by more easily programmed algorithms. Three ways to sort strings by bytes left to right---a stable list sort, a stable two-array sort, and an in-place &quot;American flag&quot; sort---are illustrated with practical C programs. For heavy-duty sorting, all three perform comparably, usually running at least twice as fast as a good quicksort. We recommend American flag sort for general use.
Reevaluation of the mechanism for ultrananocrystalline diamond deposition from Ar∕CH4∕H2 gas mixtures (2006)

Various mechanisms for the growth and renucleation of ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films are discussed and evaluated in the light of experimental and theoretical evidences in recent publications. We propose that the most likely model for UNCD growth is that where most of the diamond is formed via a similar mechanism to that of microcrystalline diamond films, i.e., gas phase H atoms abstracting surface hydrogens, followed by a CHx, x=0–3, addition. Calculations of the gas composition close to the substrate surface in the microwave plasma reactor for both the microcrystalline diamond and the UNCD growth, at substrate temperatures of 1073 and 673K, suggest that CH3 and C atoms are the most likely precursors for the growth of UNCD. However, the deposition is interrupted by an event which prevents the smooth growth of a continuous layer, and instead creates a surface defect which changes the growth direction and acts as a renucleation site. The possible nature of this event is discussed in detail. Using estimates for reaction rates of various species (including H atoms, Ar* metastables, Ar+ and ArH+ ions) on the diamond surface, a number of mechanisms are discussed and discounted. We propose that the most likely causes for the renucleation required for the UNCD growth are (i) the attachment of C1 species (especially C atoms) followed by local surface restructuring, (ii) the reduction of the efficiency of the β-scission reaction resulting in an increase in the number of long-chained hydrocarbons on the surface, or (iii) a combination of these two processes.
Liposomal extended-release bupivacaine for postsurgical analgesia (2013)

When physicians consider which analgesia to use postsurgery, the primary goal is to relieve pain with minimal adverse side effects. Bupivacaine, a commonly used analgesic, has been formulated into an aqueous suspension of multivesicular liposomes that provide long-lasting analgesia for up to 72 hours, while avoiding the adverse side effects of opioids. The increased efficacy of liposomal extended-release bupivacaine, compared to bupivacaine hydrochloride, has promoted its usage in a variety of surgeries including hemorrhoidectomy, bunionectomy, inguinal hernia repair, total knee arthroplasty, and augmentation mammoplasty. However, like other bupivacaine formulations, the liposomal extended-release bupivacaine does have some side effects. In this brief review, we provide an update of the current knowledge in the use of bupivacaine for postsurgical analgesia.
A Facile and Convenient Three-component Coupling Protocol for the Synthesis of Pyrano and Furoquinolines (2003)

Abstract Ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) catalyzes efficiently the coupling of anilines, benzaldehydes and 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyran or 2,3-dihydrofuran to form the corresponding pyrano or furoquinolines in short reaction times and in high yields.
Abstract 5455: Integrative analysis of the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia reveals genetic and transcriptional predictors of compound sensitivity (2011)

Abstract Comprehensive genomic characterization of cancer is proceeding at a rapidly accelerating pace, mainly due to the expanded use of massively parallel sequencing. Despite the promise of cancer genomics, many cancer drugs still fail in the clinic due to nonresponsive patients and this translates into a significant unmet medical need. Accurate predictions of which patients are more likely to respond to drugs in development could speed clinical trials and personalize treatments. Here we propose the use of a compendium of experimentally tractable cancer model systems, ∼1000 human genomically-annotated cancer cell lines (at the level of gene expression, DNA copy number alterations and mutations), coupled with pharmacological profiling, to systematically link genetic and transcriptional features to drug response. This resource, the Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE), is available online at www.broadinstitute.org/ccle. Through computational predictive modeling we have both rediscovered molecular features that predict response to several drugs and also uncovered a number of novel potential biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to targeted agents and chemotherapy drugs. For instance, we have found that response to topoisomerase 1 inhibitors seem to be driven by expression of a single gene. We have also observed that tissue lineage is a key predictor for sensitivity to certain compounds, providing rationale for clinical trials of these drugs in particular cancer types. Our cell line-based platform provides a valuable tool for the development of personalized cancer medicine, revealing critical tumor dependencies and helping to stratify patients for clinical trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5455. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5455
A reconfigurable RF front-end receiver for autonomous spectrum sensing cognitive radios (2016)

In this paper, a reconfigurable cognitive radio receiver for autonomous spectrum sensing is presented. A reconfigurable antenna, low-noise amplifier, reconfigurable bandpass filter, single-ended balanced mixer, voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), and variable gain amplifier (VGA) build up the chain of the proposed receiver. This receiver targets the WLAN IEEE 802.11WLAN IEEE 802.11 g commercial wireless standard. The receiver performance is demonstrated with a 20-MHz down-converted signal at its output.
Deployment and radio resource reuse in IEEE 802.16j multi-hop relay network in Manhattan-like environment (2007)

IEEE 802.16j is an amendment to the IEEE 802.16 broadband wireless access standard to enable the operation of multi-hop relay stations (RS). It aims to enhance the coverage, per user throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16e. Compared with base station (BS), RS does not need a wire-line backhaul and has much lower hardware complexity. Using RSs can significantly reduce the deployment cost of the system. In this paper, the RS deployment and radio-resource reuse strategies for IEEE 802.16j multi-hop relay (MR) networks are investigated. Simulation results show that the per-user throughput and system capacity of IEEE 802.16j MR network can be substantially improved by the proposed method.
The Sex of Euodias (1915)

Journal Article The Sex of Euodias Get access Ernest B. Savage, F.S.A. Ernest B. Savage, F.S.A. 1Ambleside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-XI, Issue 264, 16 January 1915, Page 58, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-XI.264.58a Published: 16 January 1915
Sensor Fusion and Occlusion Refinement for Tablet-Based AR (2005)

This paper presents a set of technologies which enable robust, accurate, high resolution augmentation of live video, delivered via a tablet PC to which a video camera has been attached. By combining several technologies, this is achieved without the use of contrived markers in the environment: An outside-in tracker observes the tablet to generate robust, low-accuracy pose estimates. An inside-out tracker running on the tablet observes the video feed from the tablet-mounted camera and provides high-accuracy pose estimates by tracking natural features in the environment. Information from both of these trackers is combined in an extended Kalman filter. Finally, to maximise the quality of the augmented imagery, boundaries where the real world occludes the virtual imagery are identified and another tracker is used to refine the boundaries between real and virtual imagery so that their synthesis is as convincing as possible.