gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smad3 recruits the anaphase-promoting complex for ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN (2001)

Smad proteins mediate transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) signaling to regulate cell growth and differentiation. SnoN is an important negative regulator of TGF-beta signaling that functions to maintain the repressed state of TGF-beta target genes in the absence of ligand. On TGF-beta stimulation, Smad3 and Smad2 translocate into the nucleus and induce a rapid degradation of SnoN, allowing activation of TGF-beta target genes. We show that Smad2- or Smad3-induced degradation of SnoN requires the ubiquitin-dependent proteasome and can be mediated by the anaphase-promoting complex (APC) and the UbcH5 family of ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes. Smad3 and to a lesser extent, Smad2, interact with both the APC and SnoN, resulting in the recruitment of the APC to SnoN and subsequent ubiquitination of SnoN in a destruction box (D box)-dependent manner. In addition to the D box, efficient ubiquitination and degradation of SnoN also requires the Smad3 binding site in SnoN as well as key lysine residues necessary for ubiquitin attachment. Mutation of either the Smad3 binding site or lysine residues results in stabilization of SnoN and in enhanced antagonism of TGF-beta signaling. Our studies elucidate an important mechanism and pathway for the degradation of SnoN and more importantly, reveal a novel role of the APC in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling.
The 7 Professors of the Far North (review) (2005)

Reviewed by: The 7 Professors of the Far North Timnah Card Fardell, John The 7 Professors of the Far North. Putnam, 2005 [224p] ISBN 0-399-24381-X$14.99 Reviewed from galleys R Gr. 4-6 In the rollicking tradition of Ian Fleming's fanciful Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (BCCB 1/65), three children traverse Europe and the Arctic using a series of ingenious inventions to save the world from the malefic plots of a megalomaniacal scientist. Sam and his friends, Zara and Ben, witness the nighttime kidnapping of six geriatric professors (including Zara and Ben's great-uncle) by the henchmen of the dastardly Professor Murdo. Knowing the police won't believe the testimony of children, the trio follows clues left by one of the abductees, rallies up some aid, evades the security systems protecting Murdo's lair, and overthrows his regime, rescuing Murdo's victims in the process. Though the tried and true premise is heavily scented with eau de yesteryear, the inventions and scientific threats are all gleaming twenty-first century. The children (two of them multiracial) evince flashes of individuality but usually function as a single unit; that's fine, because the point of the story is adventure, not juvenile introspection. The narrative occasionally cuts to the story of Marcia, the neglected child of a pair of social climbers who put her at Murdo's mercy so she can be genetically altered into the daughter of their dreams; these shifts in perspective are initially slightly confusing, but they do show Murdo's operation from the inside and so prepare the reader for the multiple-player climax. Plenty of warm dialogue and lively cameos by bit characters make reading aloud an attractive option, as well as increasing the digestibility of the long text for the younger readers who will most enjoy the easy accessibility and inventive effervescence of the plot. Black-and-white illustrations of rumpled knapsacks and cartoonish rockets add a dash of Tom Swift. Copyright © 2005 The Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois
Induction of inhibitory antibodies to the CCR5 chemokine receptor and their complementary role in preventing SIV infection in macaques (1999)

The seven-transmembrane G-protein-linked CCR5 molecule functions as a major coreceptor for HIV or simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection. Antibodies to CCR5 were studied in rhesus macaques immunized with SIV grown in human CD4(+) T cells. These macaques were completely protected against i.v. challenge with live SIV. Sera from the protected macaques showed significantly greater inhibition of SIV replication (p < 0.001) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta-generated CCR5-dependent chemotaxis (p < 0.01) than sera from unprotected macaques, in the absence of significant neutralizing antibodies to SIV. These two functional assays demonstrate serum antibodies to the CCR5 receptors which were specifically inhibited by CCR5-transfected HEK-293 cells. We postulate that anti-CCR5 antibodies may be complementary to beta-chemokines in blocking CCR5 coreceptors to HIV or SIV binding and fusion of CD4(+) cells.
Polymerization shrinkage and depth of cure of packable composites. (2005)

Solitaire had the most shrinkage and Alert the least at both 2- and 5-mm depths. Depth of cure was severely compromised for all materials at 5 mm.
Babesia bovis: comparison of culture‐derived parasites, non‐living antigen and conventional vaccine in the protection of cattle against heterologous challenge (1983)

Twenty Bos taurus cattle were vaccinated with either live commercial Babesia bovis vaccine, live parasites from in vitro culture or non-living supernatant antigen (NLSA) derived from in vitro culture and combined with the adjuvant saponin. Heterologous strain challenge 10 weeks later indicated that cattle vaccinated with live parasites from either source were strongly protected, those given 2 doses of NLSA 2 weeks apart were partially protected, and those given one dose of NLSA were poorly protected. Enzyme immunoassay detected comparable, increasing levels of specific babesial antibody in all vaccinated cattle during the 2 to 3 weeks following vaccination, after which levels in cattle given NLSA decreased. Antibody to bovine blood group factors was detected in 4 of the 10 animals given NLSA. Titres peaked after 3 to 4 weeks and then declined rapidly.
Degos' disease: association with anticardiolipin antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant. (1984)

A woman presented with multiple cerebral thromboses and skin lesions characteristic of Degos' disease. Her serum contained high titres of anticardiolipin antibodies and showed lupus anticoagulant activity, both known to be strong markers of a thrombotic tendency in systemic lupus erythematosus. This finding may have therapeutic implications for this usually fatal disease.
A run-time execution model for referential integrity maintenance (2003)

The author explores anomalous situations which can arise during the processing of database operations on schemas which include referential integrity constraints. A more declarative (as opposed to operational) approach to referential integrity is proposed. He reviews some of the contributions which ANSI Technical Committee X3H2 on Database has made in this area, and which have been reflected in the referential integrity specifications of the forthcoming SQL2 and SQL3 standards. A proposal that replaced the recent compile-time paradigm with a run-time paradigm is included. A correctness proof for this paradigm is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correlations between Electrochemical Data and Results from Post-Mortem Analysis of Aged Lithium-Ion Batteries (2015)

Material degradation is an issue limiting the life-time of Lithium-ion batteries. This study conducts quantitative observations of performance and material degradation in a commercial high-power Lithium-ion battery as a function of aging time and ambient temperature. Batteries are cycled until different states-of-health (SOHs) in the range of 100% to 78% are obtained before being disassembled. Inductively coupled plasma (ICP-OES) analysis of the electrodes from cells in different SOHs reveals a linear increase in Li, P, and Mn on anodes with aging time and thus allows conclusions on the kinetics of the aging reactions. The vertical distribution of these decomposition products in the anode is investigated by glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy (GD-OES) depth profiling. Following this, the chemical data from Post-Mortem analysis are correlated to the electrochemical performance of the cells. Combining chemical data sets from aged cells in different SOHs with data from cells aged at different ambient temperature reveals an Arrhenius-like behavior of chemical changes on the anodes.
Design of high reliability packaging for Fuji High Power Module (2011)

Fuji Electric has been involved in efforts to develop innovative power electronics technology, which is crucial for protecting the global environment and the reduction of carbon dioxide emission. 6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Generation IGBT (V-IGBT) has been developed as a key device for innovative power converters. Recently, demand for High Power application increases in such as the wind-power generation and Traction converter. Therefore Fuji Electric concentrates to develop the 6 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Generation High Power IGBT Module series. The new Fuji High Power Module had applied the high reliability package technologies such as the terminal bonding with ultrasonic welding and newly solder material between DBC and base plate. The new Fuji High Power Module will contribute to make the large capacity power electronics equipment, especially for applications such as line connection inverter for renewal energy system and large capacity AC drive system highly efficient and long life.
Silicon Ribbon Growth by a Capillary Action Shaping Technique (1976)

Substantial improvements in ribbon surface quality are achieved with a higher melt meniscus than that attainable with the film-fed (EFG) growth technique. A capillary action shaping method is described in which meniscus shaping for the desired ribbon geometry occurs at the vertex of a wettable die. As ribbon growth depletes the melt meniscus, capillary action supplies replacement material. Topics discussed cover experimental apparatus and growth procedures; die materials investigations, fabrication and evaluation; process development for 25 mm, 38 mm, 50 mm and 100 mm silicon ribbons; and long grain direct solidification of silicon. Methods for the structural and electrical characterization of cast silicon ribbons are assessed as well as silicon ribbon technology for the 1978 to 1986 period.
Power consumption and performance analysis of object tracking and event detection with wireless embedded smart cameras (2009)

An embedded smart camera is a stand-alone unit that not only captures images, but also includes a processor, memory and communication interface. With battery-powered and embedded smart cameras, it has become viable to install many spatially-distributed cameras interconnected by wireless links. Not requiring to have access to electrical outlets and have wired links increase system flexibility. However, wireless and battery-powered smart-camera networks introduce many additional challenges since they have very limited resources, such as power, memory and bandwidth. The algorithms running on the camera boards should be lightweight and efficient. In addition, the frequency of communication between camera nodes, and the content of the message packets should be carefully designed, since communication consumes power. In this paper, we present a wireless embedded smart-camera system that performs peer-to-peer object tracking and event detection. We analyze the power consumption and performance of this system during different parts of the algorithm execution and for different message exchanges between camera nodes. We also present a graph of the energy consumption for different tasks performed in a camera's processor. The number of instructions are also presented. The results demonstrate the importance of the careful choice of when and what data to transfer between cameras, and also the necessity of having lightweight algorithms in these resource-constrained systems.
An Operational Research Approach to Planned Maintenance: Modelling P.M. for a Vehicle Fleet (1984)

A methodology is advanced for modelling the problem of planned preventive maintenance, thereby relating plant performance to maintenance activity. Ideas are discussed and developed within the context of a P.M. system for the maintenance of a vehicle fleet. Three specific questions are addressed: first, the omission of any desirable activities from the P.M. schedule, secondly, the presence of redundant items in the schedule, and thirdly, the consequences of different frequencies of application of the P.M. schedule. A fleet model is obtained relating the P.M. period to measures such as proportion of breakdown repairs and the cost per vehicle year.
Oracle Database 11g : New Features for DBAs and Developers (2007)

Oracle Database 11g : New Features for DBAs and Developers is a comprehensive, example–laden review of the most significant new features and improvements offered by the latest release of Oracle Corpor
Fe@Fe<sub>2</sub>P Core‐Shell Nanorods Encapsulated in Nitrogen Doped Carbon Nanotubes as Robust and Stable Electrocatalyst Toward Hydrogen Evolution (2018)

Abstract Here, we report an efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalyst (Fe@Fe 2 P/NCNT) fabricated from the phosphorization of partially oxidized iron nanorod encapsulated in nitrogen doped carbon nanotubes (Fe@Fe 2 O 3 /NCNT) synthesized from iron trichloride and melamine, which only requires ∼0 mV and 78.2 mV overpotentials to achieve cathodic current densities of 1 mA cm −2 and 10 mA cm −2 with Tafel slope of 52.2 mV dec −1 in acidic media, which exhibits higher HER electrocatalytic activity compared to Fe/NCNT requiring a overpotential of 118.5 mV to attain 10 mA cm −2 with Tafel slope of 92.3 mV dec −1 . Due to the phosphorization process, additional active sites coming from Fe 2 P boost the electrocatalytic activity of Fe@Fe 2 P/NCNT resulting in decrement in overpotentials by 40.3 mV and 186 mV for 10 mA cm −2 and 50 mA cm −2 compared to Fe/NCNT electrocatalyst, respectively. Meanwhile, Fe@Fe 2 P/NCNT exhibits ignorable degradation in HER activity after 6000 potential cycles suggesting that the Fe@Fe 2 P/NCNT with superior HER activity and stability could potentially replace the benchmark Pt/C (overpotential@10 mA cm −2 : 31 mV) as efficient HER electrocatalyst for water splitting.
Immunocytochemical localization of glutamate in normal and detached cat retina. (1998)

Glutamate immunoreactivity in photoreceptor inner segments may be a postmortem change induced by strong ischemia. Perfusion fixation is of critical importance when studying the immunocytochemical distribution of glutamate in the retina.
Modeling and performance comparison of policing mechanisms for ATM networks (1991)

Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks, as proposed by CCITT as the solution for the future broadband ISDN, will provide high flexibility with respect to the varying bandwidth requirements of the different services. They will also support variable bit rates within a connection. The packetized information transfer, without flow control between the user and the network, in combination with the asynchronous multiplexing principle, results in a need to control the individual cell stream during the entire duration of the calls to ensure an acceptable quality of service for all coexisting calls sharing the same network resources. This kind of control will be provided by introducing a policing or usage parameter control function. Basic design objectives and requirements for such a function are described. These requirements serve as a basis for the comparison of some of the mechanisms proposed so far, namely the leaky bucket, the jumping window, the triggered jumping window, the moving window, and the exponentially weighted moving average mechanisms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A minimum mean square error approach for speech enhancement (2002)

A minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation approach for enhancing speech signals degraded by statistically independent additive noise is developed, based upon Gaussian autoregressive (AR) hidden Markov modeling of the clean signal and Gaussian AR modeling of the noise process. The parameters of the models for the two processes are estimated from training sequences of clean speech and noise samples. It is shown that the MMSE estimator comprises a weighted sum of MMSE estimators for the individual output processes corresponding to the different states of the hidden Markov model for the clean speech. The weights at each time instant are the probabilities of the individual estimators to be the correct ones given the noisy speech. Typical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvements achieved by this approach are 4.5-5.5 dB at 10-dB input SNR. >
CA‐549: A new tumor marker for patients with advanced breast cancer (1988)

Abstract A murine monoclonal antibody, BC4E 549, an IgG 1 adapted as tracer antibody in a sandwich immunoradiometric assay, was used to detect a circulating breast cancer‐associated antigen, CA‐549, in patients with advanced breast cancer. The study was designed to examine the specificity and sensitivity of CA‐549 measurements as a specific circulating marker for breast cancer. In a population of 100 normal pre‐and postmenopausal women, serum levels ranged from 1–10 μ/ml. In contrast, 38 of 46 patients (83%) with active, advanced‐stage breast cancer had circulating levels in excess of 10 μ/ml, and levels in several patients exceeded 100 μ/ml. Patients on adjuvant therapy with breast cancer in remission, patients with benign breast disease, and patients with cancers of other sites such as colorectal, ovarian, and lung cancer did not show significant elevations (>10 μ/ml, P > 0.001) of this circulating antigen. Measurement of this breast cancer associated antigen may be of use in the evaluation of treatment for patients with advanced stage breast cancer.
Hybrid schemes for the post-acceleration of laser generated protons (2010)

Protons generated by the irradiation of a thin metal foil by a high-intensity short-pulse laser have shown to posses interesting characteristics in terms of energy, emittance, current and pulse duration. They might therefore become in the next future a competitive source to conventional proton sources. Previous theoretical and numerical studies already demonstrated the possibility of an efficient coupling between laser-plasma acceleration of protons with traditional RF based beam-line accelerator techniques. This hybrid proton accelerator would therefore benefit from the good properties of the laser-based source and from the flexibility and know-how of beam handling as given from RF based accelerator structure. The proton beam parameters of the source have been obtained from published laser interaction experimental results and are given as input to the numerical study by conventional accelerator design tools. In this paper we discuss recent results in the optimization and design of the such hybrid schemes in the context of proton accelerators for medical treatments.
Interplay of quantum and thermal fluctuations in a frustrated magnet (2003)

We demonstrate the presence of an extended critical phase in the transverse field Ising magnet on the triangular lattice, in a regime where both thermal and quantum fluctuations are important. We map out a complete phase diagram by means of quantum Monte Carlo simulations, and find that the critical phase is the result of thermal fluctuations destabilising an order established by the quantum fluctuations. It is separated by two Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions from the paramagnet on one hand and the quantum-fluctuation driven three-sublattice ordered phase on the other. Our work provides further evidence that the zero temperature quantum phase transition is in the three-dimensional XY universality class.
Low Loss Photonic Crystal Fibre (2002)

We describe a photonic crystal fibre with an optical loss of 0.58 dB/km. We find a strong correlation between the measured loss minimum and the overall structural scale in otherwise identical fibres
Bit rate flexible chirp measurement technique using two-photon absorption (2002)

A novel chirp measurement technique is proposed, using two-photon absorption, requiring no synchronisation against measured optical signals and which can be easily utilised at bit rates exceeding 100 Gbit/s. The concept was successfully demonstrated by using Si avalanche photodiodes as two-photon absorbers.
Ribonuclease E organizes the protein interactions in the <i>Escherichia coli</i> RNA degradosome (1998)

The Escherichia coli RNA degradosome is the prototype of a recently discovered family of multiprotein machines involved in the processing and degradation of RNA. The interactions between the various protein components of the RNA degradosome were investigated by Far Western blotting, the yeast two-hybrid assay, and coimmunopurification experiments. Our results demonstrate that the carboxy-terminal half (CTH) of ribonuclease E (RNase E) contains the binding sites for the three other major degradosomal components, the DEAD-box RNA helicase RhlB, enolase, and polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase). The CTH of RNase E acts as the scaffold of the complex upon which the other degradosomal components are assembled. Regions for oligomerization were detected in the amino-terminal and central regions of RNase E. Furthermore, polypeptides derived from the highly charged region of RNase E, containing the RhlB binding site, stimulate RhlB activity at least 15-fold, saturating at one polypeptide per RhlB molecule. A model for the regulation of the RhlB RNA helicase activity is presented. The description of RNase E now emerging is that of a remarkably complex multidomain protein containing an amino-terminal catalytic domain, a central RNA-binding domain, and carboxy-terminal binding sites for the other major components of the RNA degradosome.
Synthesis of Primary Amines and <i>N</i>-Methylamines by the Electrophilic Amination of Grignard Reagents with 2-Imidazolidinone <i>O</i>-Sulfonyloxime (2003)

Abstract 2-Imidazolidinone O-sulfonyloxime reacts with various aryl and alkyl Grignard reagents as an electrophilic amination reagent, giving N-alkylated imines. The resulting imines are transformed to primary amines and N-methyl secondary amines by hydrolysis with CsOH and LiAlH4 reduction, respectively.
Game Theoretic Analysis of Cooperative Message Forwarding in Opportunistic Mobile Networks (2017)

In cooperative communication, a set of players forming a coalition ensures communal behavior among themselves by helping one another in message forwarding. Opportunistic mobile networks (OMNs) require multihop communications for transferring messages from the source to the destination nodes. However, noncooperative nodes only forward their own messages to others, and drop others' messages upon receiving them. So, the message delivery overhead increases in OMN. For minimizing the overhead and maximizing the delivery rate, we propose two coalition-based cooperative schemes: 1) simple coalition formation (SCF) and 2) overlapping coalition formation (OCF) game. In SCF, we consider the presence of a central information center, whereas OCF is a fully distributed scheme. In SCF, coalitions are disjoint, whereas in OCF, a node may be the member of multiple coalitions at the same time. All nodes in a coalition help each other cooperatively by forwarding group messages to the intermediate or destination nodes. The goal of the nodes is to achieve high success rate in delivering messages. The proposed SCF scheme is cohesive, in which disjoint coalitions always combine to form grand coalition. In OCF, a node reaches a stable grand coalition when all the nodes of the OMN are members of overlapping coalition of the node. No node gains by deviating from the grand coalition in SCF and OCF. Simulation results based on synthetic mobility model and real-life traces show that the message delivery ratio of OMNs increase by up to 67%, as compared to the noncooperative scenario. Moreover, the message overhead ratio using the proposed coalition-based schemes reduces by up to about (1/3)rd of that of the noncooperative communication scheme.