gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ytterbia (2·25 mol.-%) stabilised zirconia (Yb-TZP) manufactured from coated nanopowder (2012)

Rare earth stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (TZPs) with stabilisers other than yttria and ceria are scarcely examined as structural ceramics. Unstabilised pyrogenic zirconia nanopowder was coated with 2·25 mol.-% of ytterbium oxide via the nitrate route. Yb-TZP ceramics were consolidated by hot pressing in vacuum at 1200–1400°C for 1 h at 60 MPa axial pressure. Mechanical properties, phase composition and microstructure were investigated. 2·25Yb-TZP exhibits a unique combination of very high strength (>1500 MPa), hardness [1300 HV10] and toughness (>9 MPa m1/2). Mechanical properties vary only slightly with variation of processing conditions. The material exhibits very high stress induced transformability from tetragonal to monoclinic of >60%. Yb-TZP may thus be an interesting alternative material to Y-TZP for high value adding applications requiring the best possible mechanical properties such as biomedical or mechanical engineering.
Effect of Green States on Sintering Behavior and Microstructural Evolution of High‐Purity Barium Titanate (1990)

Compacts prepared from three differently agglomerated powders were studied. Hg‐penetration results and SEM observations were employed to compare the uniformity of powder compacts and to investigate the pore‐size evolution and the microstructural development during sintering. It was found that the more nonuniform the powder compact, the higher the degree of pore growth in the initial and at the beginning of intermediate stages of sintering. Moreover, a higher sintering temperature and a nonuniform microstructure with larger grains could not be avoided. Microstresses might develop because of the differential shrinkage, but they would be released thereafter via the change of grain morphology. It was observed that the aggregate and pore‐boundary separation might not be the primary reason for the initiation of discontinuous grain growth.
Global Regulators ExpA (GacA) and KdgR Modulate Extracellular Enzyme Gene Expression Through the RsmA-<i>rsmB</i> System in <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> subsp. <i>carotovora</i> (2001)

The production of the main virulence determinants, the extracellular plant cell wall-degrading enzymes, and hence virulence of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora is controlled by a complex regulatory network. One of the global regulators, the response regulator ExpA, a GacA homolog, is required for transcriptional activation of the extracellular enzyme genes of this soft-rot pathogen. To elucidate the mechanism of ExpA control as well as interactions with other regulatory systems, we isolated second-site transposon mutants that would suppress the enzyme-negative phenotype of an expA (gacA) mutant. Inactivation of kdgR resulted in partial restoration of extracellular enzyme production and virulence to the expA mutant, suggesting an interaction between the two regulatory pathways. This interaction was mediated by the RsmA-rsmB system. Northern analysis was used to show that the regulatory rsmB RNA was under positive control of ExpA. Conversely, the expression of rsmA encoding a global repressor was under negative control of ExpA and positive control of KdgR. This study indicates a central role for the RsmA-rsmB regulatory system during pathogenesis, integrating signals from the ExpA (GacA) and KdgR global regulators of extracellular enzyme production in E. carotovora subsp. carotovora.
The Social Side of Imitation (2012)

Abstract Children's imitation is a profoundly social process. Although previous developmental accounts of imitation have focused on imitation as a way to learn from others, the current article stresses that imitation goes far beyond this: It is often intimately tied to children's need to belong to the group and their drive to affiliate with those around them. Accordingly, imitation is chiefly determined by the social motivations and pressures children experience within both interpersonal and intergroup settings. This perspective resolves an apparent paradox in the empirical literature, explaining why children sometimes copy selectively and sometimes copy faithfully (so-called overimitation). It also situates the developmental and comparative study of imitation and cultural transmission within a broader social-psychological framework, uniting it conceptually with research on mimicry, conformity, normativity, and group membership.
Electric motors and control techniques (1994)

From household appliances to automobiles, and virtually anywhere mechanical motion is powered by electrical energy, solid-state electronics is the key to greater flexibility, reliability and reduced energy consumption. Written for anyone who works with electrical motors, this work shows how different types of motors operate and how electronic control devices can be used to improve efficiency in a wide range of applications. Updated to cover state-of-the-art digital stepper motors and microprocessor controls, as well as new motor and control techniques for electric vehicles, this second edition contains in-depth coverage of: dc and ac motors, digital motors, commutator-type motors, noncommutator-type motors, electric motor control applications and electric vehicles.
Exploring collaborative consumption business models - case peer-to-peer digital platforms (2014)

The global economic downturn is one of the reasons that make us reevaluate our relationship with possessions and consumption. Thanks to the rise of technology and the mainstream use of social networks, collaborative consumption has become a buzz word during the past few years. The literature on the field, however, is scarce and mainly comprises of industry reports and articles. This research aims to fill in this gap by exploring the business models of five leading peer-to-peer digital platforms, using a framework developed from a theoretical review. Another objective of the research is to identify lessons managers from peer-to-peer startups can learn in order to launch and run a successful peer-to-peer platform.\n\nThe framework used in the study's empirical analysis is developed from a literature review on e-business models and two-sided markets. Osterwalder (2002)'s e-business ontology was chosen as the backbone of the analysis due to the comprehensiveness of the model in analyzing different elements of an e-business model, including product innovation, infrastructure management, customer relationship and financial aspects. Two-sided markets and platform management literature uncovers fundamental features of a two-sided market such as indirect network effects, multihoming, as well as pricing and critical mass challenges for two-sided platforms. Because of the idiosyncratic features of two-sided markets, peer-to-peer platform managers have to take into consideration these issues when developing strategies and activities for all the elements of the platform's business model.\n\nThe study utilizes a qualitative approach with the multiple case study method. Five leading peer-to-peer platforms from various industries are chosen as case studies and their business models are explored in-depth through the application of the developed framework. One of the most important findings is that peer-to-peer platforms' value proposition can be divided into two groups: the experience group, which makes use of idle resources such as time, space or labor, and the passion group, which connects people with the same interest and passion. The empirical analysis also reveals that critical mass, growth and trust and safety are central issues of the case peer-to-peer platforms and their entire activities circle around solving these issues, using innovative processes and continuous application of technology.
Differentiation and growth modulation of chronic myelogenous leukemia cells by bryostatin. (1990)

We have examined the ability of bryostatin 1 (bryo), an activator of protein kinase C, to induce differentiation of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells obtained from peripheral blood. Bryo induced a prompt and persistent macrophage-like differentiation, as evidenced by functional, morphological, and immunological criteria. Differentiated cells remained viable for at least 21 days with little change in cell number. CML cell cultures treated in semisolid medium with bryo showed diffuse infiltration with single macrophages, as well as discrete macrophage, mixed, and granulocytic colonies. Supernatants of suspension cultures of bryo-treated CML cells contained granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Furthermore, colony formation could be significantly inhibited by the addition of antibodies to GM-CSF. Prolonged liquid culture of CML cells in bryo reduced colony-forming unit, granulocyte-macrophage content. Bryo-induced differentiation was associated with a decrease in lactoferrin, a marker of granulocyte differentiation, and an increase in both c-fms and interleukin-1 beta RNA, both of which are expressed by monocytes/macrophages. These data demonstrate that bryostatin 1 is capable of inducing macrophage-like differentiation in maturing CML cells. Furthermore, bryostatin induces secretion of GM-CSF by such cells in suspension and semisolid medium and also promotes clonal extinction of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors. Bryostatin may be a possible therapeutic agent for CML.
An improved series-parallel processing applied to a single-phase line-interactive UPS system for low power and low cost applications (2014)

This paper deals with a single-phase line-interactive uninterruptible power supply (UPS), for low power and low cost applications. Two push-pull PWM converters with reduced DC-bus voltage are used to perform an improved active series-parallel conditioning for a performance enhancement, as well as power processing reduction. The series converter is current controlled while the parallel converter is voltage controlled. Both the converters are controlled using sinusoidal references in phase with the utility voltage. The control references are obtained by using a simplified strategy based on a self-tuning filter (STF) used in conjunction with a phase-locked loop, allowing high voltage harmonic rejection. In standby mode, an effective universal conditioning is carried out, which is obtained by performing sinusoidal input current and sinusoidal output voltage. A theoretical study involving the power rate handled by the series and parallel converters is developed. Validation results are presented by means of 1kVA UPS system implementation, in which the UPS performance and the power processing reduction are evaluated.
Subtilisin BPN' at 1.6 Å Resolution: Analysis for Discrete Disorder and Comparison of Crystal Forms (1996)

The three-dimensional structure of the serine protease subtilisin BPN' (SBT) has been refined at 1.6 A resolution in space group C2 to a final R value of 0.17. 17 regions of discrete disorder have been identified and analyzed. Two of these are dual-conformation peptide units; the remainder involve alternate rotamers of side chains either alone or in small clusters. The structure is compared with previously reported high-resolution models of SBT in two other space groups, P2(1)2(1)2(1) and P2(1). Apart from the surface, there are no significant variations in structure among the three crystal forms. Structural variations observed at the protein surface occur predominantly in regions of protein-protein contact. The crystal packing arrangements in the three space groups are compared.
Decongestion and vector difference based wavelength routing and assignment schemes in DWDM networks (2014)

Wavelength switching networks are circuit switched networks with capabilities to route wavelengths across the ROADMs (Reconfigurable Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers). In this study we try to optimize network utilization. We present a new cost function to be used in routing to reduce congestion and a vector difference evaluation scheme for wavelength assignment to reduce blocking due to wavelength continuity. The new cost function, uses neighbor connectivity coefficients in route computation. Network blocking is then analyzed as a result of three factors: wavelength continuity, congestion, and partial connectivity within ROADM sites. Computational complexity for larger networks can be reduced using minimal spanning tree for wavelength assignment using vector difference wavelength assignment (VDWA) scheme. We further analyze varying network topologies like ring, 22 and 30 node mesh networks. These topologies are evaluated for random and uniform demand maps with varying traffic loads. Based on the results we demonstrate that the new cost function reduces blocking due to congestion and partial connectivity whereas VDWA reduces blocking due to wavelength continuity. A combination of the two reduces blocking due to wavelength continuity up to 40% in some cases.
Computational geometry : an introduction through randomized algorithms (1994)

I. BASICS. 1. Quick-sort and Search. Quick-sort. Another view of quick-sort. Randomized binary trees. Skip lists. 2. What Is Computational Geometry? Range queries. Arrangements. Trapezoidal decompositions. Convex polytopes. Voronoi diagrams. Hidden surface removal. Numerical precision and degeneracies. Early deterministic algorithms. Deterministic vs. randomized algorithms. The model of randomness. 3. Incremental Algorithms. Trapezoidal decompositions. Convex polytopes. Voronoi diagrams. Configuration spaces. Tail estimates. 4. Dynamic Algorithms. trapezoidal decompositions. Voronoi diagrams. History and configuration spaces. Rebuilding history. Deletions in history. Dynamic shuffling. 5. Random Sampling. Configuration spaces with bounded valence. Top-down sampling. Bottom-up sampling. Dynamic sampling. Average conflict size. More dynamic algorithms. Range spaces and E-nets. Comparisons. II. APPLICATIONS. 6. Arrangements of Hyperplanes. Incremental construction. Zone Theorem. Canonical triangulations. Point location and ray shooting. Point location and range queries. 7. Convex Polytopes. Linear Programming. The number of faces. Incremental construction. The expected structural and conflict change. Dynamic maintenance. Voronoi diagrams. Search problems. Levels and Voronoi diagrams of order k. 8. Range Search. Orthogonal intersection search. Nonintersecting segments in the plane. Dynamic point location. Simplex range search. Half-space range queries. Decomposable search problems. Parametric search. 9. Computer Graphics. Hidden surface removal. Binary Space Partitions. Moving viewpoint. 10. How Crucial Is Randomness? Pseudo-random sources. Derandomization. Appendix: Tail Estimates. Chernoff's technique. Chebychev's technique. Bibliography. Index.
EFFECTIVE BID PRICING FOR UNIT PRICE CONTRACTS (1994)

ABSTRACT The task of submitting a competitive bid for the production of a specific product or performance of a particular job is a requirement of firms in many different types of industries, such as construction, manufacturing, and government contracting. In this paper we provide a general model from which to derive a deterministic bid price on a unit price contract. The solution is derived in a capital budgeting context, first for a single bid item contract and then extended to the case of a multiple bid item contract. The specification of a completely general model allows us to examine the sensitivity of the solution to the firm's fixed and variable costs. The sensitivity of the bid price is shown to be independent of the level of cost, but highly dependent upon the delivery schedule of the contract. A form of the winner's curse dilemma is also examined. We show how the conditional distribution of project net present value (NPV), given a winning bid, is adversely affected, and provide a means to incorporate a correction to the firm's bid price. A brief numerical example is included to illustrate the models.
대학생의 노화지식 및 노인에 대한 태도, 부양의식 (2016)

Purpose: This study was conducted to aging knowledge, attitudes and supporting the aged awareness for research in undergraduate nursing...
Flexor tendon healing and restoration of the gliding surface. An ultrastructural study in dogs. (1983)

Healing canine flexor tendons were treated with either total immobilization and were studied by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy at ten, twenty-one , and forty-two days. The immobilized tendons healed by ingrowth of connective tissue from the digital sheath and cellular proliferation of the endotenon. The ingrowth of reparative tissue from the digital sheath overwhelmed the epitenon response. At the ultrastructural level, collagen resorption was prominent whereas protein synthesis was limited. This was observed at all study-intervals. In contrast, the mobilized tendons healed by proliferation and migration of cells from the epitenon. Ingrowth of reparative tissue from the tendon sheath was notably lacking in this group. The epitenon cells exhibited greater cellular activity and collagen production at each interval compared with cells of the immobilized repairs.
The <i>par</i> region of pSC101 affects plasmid copy number as well as stability (1991)

The par locus is a segment of pSC101 that has been identified as a cis-acting determinant of plasmid stability. We show that par also determines copy number and must, therefore, play a role in plasmid replication. The segregation defect, but not the copy-number reduction, of par- replication origins is completely suppressed by a short sequence from the bacteriophage lambda gene O which is present in plasmid pKO-4. Thus, replication and segregation functions are separable from each other.
IL-6 trans-signalling directly induces RANKL on fibroblast-like synovial cells and is involved in RANKL induction by TNF-  and IL-17 (2008)

IL-6/sIL-6R directly induced RANKL expression in RA-FLS and it is essential for RANKL induction by TNF-alpha and IL-17. Moreover, RANKL induction by IL-6/sIL-6R is mediated by the janus kinase/STAT signalling pathway.
Whole Exome Sequencing Identifies Multiple, Complex Etiologies in an Idiopathic Hereditary Pancreatitis Kindred (2012)

Whole exome sequencing was useful for rapid screening of candidate genes linked to pancreatitis. This method opens the door for time- and cost-effective screening of multiple disease-associated genes and modifying factors that associate in different ways to generate a complex genetic disorder.
Caracterización y evaluación ex situ de una población de Teocintle anual (Zea Nicaraguensis Iltis y Benz) Recolectada en el norte de Chinandega, Nicaragua (2002)

Se realizo una caracterizacion y evaluacion preliminar ex situ de una
poblacion de teocintle anual clasificado recientemente como lea
nicaraguensis por litis & Benz (2000), dicho germoplasma fue
recolectado en el norte de Chinandega. Con el objetivo de conocer
el comportamiento de esta especie se sembro el teocintle en todos
los meses del ano 1996 en el area experimental del REGEN (UNA).
Para esto se establecio un Diseno Parcelas Divididas con dos bloques,
ubicando en las parcelas pequenas los tratamientos con y sin
malezas en todo el ciclo de la planta. Se utilizaron estadisticos univariados
y multivariados sobre 34 descriptores cuantitativos y 11
cualitativos. La investigacion demostro que el teocintle de
Nicaragua responde a los periodos de luz, la floracion ocmoo en los
meses de octubre, noviembre, diciembre y enero, siendo estos los
meses en que se realizo la caracterizacion ex situ. El ANDEVA realizado
encontro diferencias estadisticas en la mayoria de los caracteres
cuantitativos (meses y tratamientos). La altura de planta vario
de 1 a 5 metros; asimismo se obtuvieron promedios entre 10 y 300
mazorcas y entre 600 y 1500 semillas por plantas, los mayores valores
se presentaron en la siembra de marw, abril, mayo y junio en
ambos tratamientos, estos fueron los periodos en donde hubo un
mayor desarrollo de las plantas. Los caracteres de semilla no se
vieron afectados por el ambiente ( 4-6 cariopsides por mazorca, 7.
10 milimetros de longitud, grosor de 3-6 milimetros y ancho de
semillas de 3-5 miliEl analisis de Componentes Principales
determino que los tres primeros componentes aportan el83 % de la
variacion. El primer componente retuvo el 58 % de variacion total y
quedo conformado por caracteres de inflorescencia, altura de planta,
caracteres de hoja, numero de entrenudos, numero de semillas por
planta, numero de tallos laterales y altura al primer entrenudo con
mazorcas. Se identificaron tres grupos bien definidos mediante el
analisis de Conglomerados (Ward's). Los meses de Marzo y Abril
conformaron el primer Cluster. Los meses de Mayo, Junio y Julio
establecieron el segundo nucleo, lo cual indica comportamiento similar
para los tratamientos evaluados. El tercer grupo lo integraron
los meses de Agosto y Septiembre con malezas metros.
Prostaglandin E synthase in the pathophysiology of arthritis (2005)

Prostaglandin E synthase (PGES) is a recently identified terminal enzyme that acts downstream of cyclooxygenase and catalyzes the conversion of prostaglandin (PG) H2 to PGE2. At least three isozymes have been cloned so far, which are called membrane-associated PGES (mPGES)-1, mPGES-2, and cytosolic PGES. Among them, mPGES-1 is induced by various inflammatory stimuli in some cells and tissues. Induction of mPGES-1 in the component of articular tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis has been demonstrated in vitro. Recent studies using adjuvant induced arthritis model have shown the increase of mPGES-1 expression resulted in the increase of PGE2 production at the sites of inflammation. In addition, reports of mPGES-1-deficient mice clearly suggest the role of mPGES-1 in the process of chronic inflammation such as collagen-induced arthritis and collagen antibody induced arthritis in vivo. Thus, recent in vitro and in vivo findings suggest that mPGES-1 may be a novel therapeutic target for arthritis. This paper introduces recent advances in research about the role of PGES in the pathophysiology of arthritis.
Single nucleotide polymorphism and haplotype effects associated with somatic cell score in German Holstein cattle (2014)

The results support the polygenic nature of the genetic determination of SCS, confirm the importance of previously reported QTL, and provide evidence for the segregation of additional QTL for SCS in Holstein cattle. The small size of the regions identified here will facilitate the search for causal genetic variations that affect gene functions.
A Gathering and Shooting Progressive Refinement Radiosity Method (1993)

This paper presents a gathering and shooting progressive refinement radiosity method. Our method integrates the iterative process of light energy gathering used in the standard full matrix method and the iterative process of light energy shooting used in the conventional progressive refinement method. As usual, in each iteration, the algorithm first selects the patch which holds the maximum unprocessed light energy in the environment as the shooting patch. But before the shooting process is activated, a light energy gathering process takes place. In this gathering process, the amount of the unprocessed light energy which is supposed to be shot to the current shooting patch from the rest of the environment in later iterations is pre-accumulated. In general, this extra amount of gathered light energy is far from trivial since it comes from every patch in the environment from which the current shooting patch can be seen. However, with the reciprocity relationship for form-factors, still only one hemi-cube of the form-factors is needed in each iteration step. Based on a concise record of the history of the unprocessed light energy distribution in the environment, a new progressive refinement algorithm with revised gathering and shooting procedures is then proposed. With little additional computation and memory usage compared to the conventional progressive refinement radiosity method, a solid convergence speedup is achieved. This gathering and shooting approach extends the capability of the radiosity method in accurate and efficient simulation of the global illuminations of complex environments.