gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A longitudinal study of the prevalence and characteristics of pain in the first 5 years following spinal cord injury (2003)

A longitudinal cohort study of 100 people with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) was performed to determine the prevalence and severity of different types of pain (musculoskeletal, visceral, neuropathic at-level, neuropathic below-level) at 5 years following SCI. Prospective data on the characteristics of pain up to 6 months following injury had been collected previously and allowed comparisons between the presence of pain at different time points. In addition, we sought to determine the relationship between the presence of pain and physical factors related to the injury such as level of lesion, completeness and clinical SCI syndrome. We also obtained information regarding mood, global self-rated health and the impact of pain on function. Of the 100 subjects in the original cohort, 73 were available for follow up. When all types of pain were included, 59 of the 73 subjects (81%) reported the presence of pain. Musculoskeletal pain was the most common type of pain experienced and was present in 43 subjects (59%), at-level neuropathic pain was present in 30 subjects (41%), below-level neuropathic pain was present in 25 subjects (34%) and visceral pain was present in four subjects (5%). Overall, 58% reported their pain as severe or excruciating and those with visceral pain were most likely to rate their pain in these categories. There was no relationship between the presence of pain overall and level or completeness of lesion, or type of injury. However, tetraplegics were more likely to report below-level neuropathic pain. This study prospectively demonstrates the differing time courses of different types of pain over the first 5 years following SCI. There was a strong correlation between the presence of both types of neuropathic pain at 5 years and earlier time points but both visceral pain and musculoskeletal pain demonstrated a poor correlation between time points. Chronic visceral pain occurs in a small percentage of patients and does not correlate with the presence of visceral pain early following injury. Those with neuropathic pain early following their injury are likely to continue to experience ongoing pain and the pain is likely to be severe. In contrast, chronic musculoskeletal pain is more common but less likely to be severe and cannot be predicted by the presence of pain in the first 6 months following injury.
Exposure of  2,6-sialylated lactosaminic chains marks apoptotic and necrotic death in different cell types (2008)

Many observations have reported glycosylation changes associated with apoptosis in different biological systems, although none of these has shown any general significance. In this work, we show that in cell lines from different histological origin, (colon, breast, pancreas, and bladder cancer) as well as in normal human and mice neutrophils, apoptosis is accompanied by the exposure of sugar chains recognized by the lectin from Sambucus nigra (SNA), specific for Sia alpha 2,6Gal/GalNAc structures. Also, cells undergoing primary necrosis induced by heat treatment (56 degrees C, 30 min) expose specifically binding sites for SNA. While this modification is recognized also by the lectin from the mushroom Polyporus squamosus, which is highly specific for alpha2,6-sialylated lactosamine, no significant changes were detected in the binding of lectins specific for other carbohydrate structures, such as those from Phaseolus vulgaris, Arachis hypogea, and Maackia amurensis. The binding of SNA to apoptotic/necrotic cells is inhibited by neuraminidase treatment and by alpha2,6-sialylated compounds. In apoptotic, but not in necrotic SW948 cells, SNA reactivity is specifically associated with 65, 69, and 87 kDa glycoproteins. The exposure of SNA-reactive chains by apoptotic/necrotic cells occurs also in cells not expressing sialyltransferases ST6Gal.1 or ST6Gal.2 and is largely independent of the presence of alpha2,6-sialylated lactosaminic chains on the surface of preapoptotic cells. In neutrophils from ST6Gal.1 knock-out mice, the apoptosis-related increase in SNA reactivity is reduced but not abolished. These data demonstrate that apoptosis and primary necrosis induce a specific glycosylation change independent of the cell type and nature of the stimulus.
Microgravity-induced changes in human bone strength. (1989)

A decrease of spongy tissue strength of iliac bone has been identified in healthy men under conditions of simulated weightlessness (bed rest). Countermeasures have significantly prevented this decrease. Additional investigations have indicated probability of degenerative-destructive bone change development under conditions of usual human activity as a consequence of bone strength decrease.
On prediction techniques for palette coding (2014)

Screen content video coding is becoming increasingly important in various applications, such as desktop sharing, video conferencing, and remote education. In January 2014, the ITU-T and ISO/IEC MPEG jointly issued call for proposals for screen content coding as an extension of HEVC. In general, compared to natural camera-captured video content, screen content has different characteristics, e.g., sharper edges, and fewer unique colors on a block-by-block basis. Palette coding for screen content has been recently proposed in the ongoing HEVC Range Extensions standardization. Palette coding utilizes the fact that there are few unique colors in screen content video blocks, and tries to send palettes of these unique colors. However, the size of these palettes can expand, especially in highresolution video. Therefore, to reduce the overall bits for palette transmission, we present various palette prediction techniques in this paper. We first analyze the characteristics of palettes in screen content, and then propose various palette prediction techniques. Our experiments on HEVC test sequences in state-of-the-art HM range extensions software for HEVC show significant improvements over palette coding without any prediction, at almost negligible additional complexity.
Development and characterization of a reconstituted yeast translation initiation system (2002)

To provide a bridge between in vivo and in vitro studies of eukaryotic translation initiation, we have developed a reconstituted translation initiation system using components from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have purified a minimal set of initiation factors (elFs) that, together with yeast 80S ribosomes, GTP, and initiator methionyl-tRNA, are sufficient to assemble active initiation complexes on a minimal mRNA template. The kinetics of various steps in the pathway of initiation complex assembly and the formation of the first peptide bond in vitro have been explored. The formation of active initiation complexes in this system is dependent on ribosomes, mRNA, Met-tRNAi, GTP hydrolysis, elF1, elF1A, elF2, elF5, and elF5B. Our data indicate that elF1 and elF1A both facilitate the binding of the elF2 x GTP x Met-tRNAi complex to the 40S ribosomal subunit to form the 43S complex. elF5 stimulates a step after 43S complex formation, consistent with its proposed role in activating GTP hydrolysis by elF2 upon initiation codon recognition. The presence of elF5B is required for the joining of the 40S and 60S subunits to form the 80S initiation complex. The step at which each of these factors acts in this reconstituted system is in agreement with previous data from in vivo studies and work using reconstituted mammalian systems, indicating that the system recapitulates fundamental events in translation initiation in eukaryotic cells. This system should allow us to couple powerful yeast genetic and molecular biological experiments with in vitro kinetic and biophysical experiments, yielding a better understanding of the molecular mechanics of this central, complex process.
A 0.7-3GHz envelope &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator using phase modulated carrier clock for multi-mode/band switching amplifiers (2011)

A 1-bit RF modulator using phase-modulated-carrier-clocking envelope ΔΣ modulation for a multi-mode/band transmitter is presented. The prototype IC designed in 90 nm CMOS process covers 2.4 GHz ISM and 3GPP frequency bands up to 3 GHz in conformity with IEEE 802.11g, W-CDMA and LTE in 5MHz-mode. The IC dissipates 8 mW for 1.95 GHz WCDMA and occupies 0.044 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Factors Influencing the Learning Management System (LMS) Success Among Undergraduate Students in Limkokwing University of Creative Technology, Malaysia (2015)

In the last few years, there has been an increase in the number of e-learning systems being added into the educational processes. One of them is the Learning management system (LMS), an educational program that is based on web technology. The programs in this system provide support to instructors to achieve their pedagogical goals, organize course contents that in turn support students’ learning process. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that have brought success to the learning management system. The study examines the relationship between students’ outcomes (Perceived Usefulness) and information quality, for online learning through system use and user satisfaction. The respondents chosen for this study are undergraduate students from Limkokwing University in Malaysia. The number of respondents selected as sample of this study is based on the number of students in each faculty. The quantitative data are obtained from a survey using questionnaires. The analysis of the available data indicated that all relationships from independent variables to mediating variables and from mediating variables to dependent variable are significant, the most influential path was information quality user satisfaction perceived usefulness.
Screening Binary Systems of Chelating Agents Combined with Carbon or Silica Gel Adsorbents: The Development of a Cost-Effective Method to Remove Palladium from Pharmaceutical Intermediates and APIs (2011)

The increasing use of palladium catalysts in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates and active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) has created the rising need for cost-effective ways to remove the resulting metal contaminants. A simple binary palladium scavenging system was developed using a chelating agent in combination with either activated carbon or silica gel adsorbents. Successful palladium removal was demonstrated on several reaction streams after treating contaminated solutions with the binary system followed by filtration. The binary system is proposed to effectively provide an in situ generated metal scavenger, but typically costs much less than corresponding commercial solid-supported scavengers.
DéjàVu: A Map of Code Duplicates on GitHub (2017)

Previous studies have shown that there is a non-trivial amount of duplication in source code. This paper analyzes a corpus of 2.6 million non-fork projects hosted on GitHub representing over 258 million files written in Java, C++ Python and JavaScript. We found that this corpus has a mere 54 million unique files. In other words, 79% of the code on GitHub consists of clones of previously created files. There is considerable variation between language ecosystems. JavaScript has the highest rate of file duplication, only 7% of the files are distinct. Java, on the other hand, has the least duplication, 65% of files are distinct. Focusing on files that have some differences, we found between 31% and 43% of files with strong similarities. Lastly, we made a project-level analysis, and found that between 10% and 20% of the projects contain at least 80% of files that can be found elsewhere. These surprisingly high rates of duplication have implications for systems built on open source software as well as for researchers interested in analyzing large code bases. As a concrete artifact of this study, we have created DejaVu, a publicly available map of code duplicates in GitHub repositories.
A mAb to the β<sub>2</sub>-leukocyte integrin Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) reduces intimal thickening after angioplasty or stent implantation in rabbits (1998)

Leukocytes are recruited early and abundantly to experimentally injured vessels, in direct proportion to cell proliferation and intimal growth. Activated circulating leukocytes and Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18, alphaMbeta2) expression are markers of restenosis risk in patients undergoing angioplasty. As angioplastied vessels lack endothelium but have extensive fibrin(ogen) and platelet deposition, we hypothesized that Mac-1-dependent adhesion to fibrin(ogen) is an important determinant of leukocyte recruitment and function, which may in turn promote intimal growth. To study this hypothesis we administered M1/70, an anti-CD11b blocking mAb, to rabbits (1 mg/kg i.v.) immediately before, and every 48 hr for 3, 6, or 14 days after, iliac artery balloon denudation or deeper stent-induced injury. M1/70, which bound to isolated rabbit monocytes and dose-dependently inhibited Mac-1-mediated fibrinogen binding in vitro, reduced leukocyte recruitment more than 2-fold 3, 6, and 14 days after injury. Neointimal growth 14 days after injury was markedly attenuated by treatment with M1/70 (intimal area after balloon injury, 0.12 +/- 0.09 mm2, compared with 0.32 +/- 0.08 mm2 in vehicle-treated controls, P < 0.01, and 0.38 +/- 0.08 mm2 in IgG-treated controls, P < 0.005; intimal area after stent injury, 0. 56 +/- 0.16 mm2, compared with 0.84 +/- 0.13 mm2 in vehicle-treated controls, P < 0.05, and 0.90 +/- 0.15 mm2 in IgG-treated controls, P < 0.02). Mac-1 blockade reduces experimental neointimal thickening, suggesting that leukocyte recruitment to and infiltration of injured arteries may be a valid target for preventing intimal hyperplasia.
Parallel particle impactor – novel size-selective particle sampler for accurate fractioning of inhalable particles (2009)

Adverse health effects due to exposure to airborne particles are associated with particle deposition within the human respiratory tract. Particle size, shape, chemical composition, and the individual physiological characteristics of each person determine to what depth inhaled particles may penetrate and deposit within the respiratory tract. Various particle inertial classification devices are available to fractionate airborne particles according to their aerodynamic size to approximate particle penetration through the human respiratory tract. Cyclones are most often used to sample thoracic or respirable fractions of inhaled particles. Extensive studies of different cyclonic samplers have shown, however, that the sampling characteristics of cyclones do not follow the entire selected convention accurately. In the search for a more accurate way to assess worker exposure to different fractions of inhaled dust, a novel sampler comprising several inertial impactors arranged in parallel was designed and tested. The new design includes a number of separated impactors arranged in parallel. Prototypes of respirable and thoracic samplers each comprising four impactors arranged in parallel were manufactured and tested. Results indicated that the prototype samplers followed closely the penetration characteristics for which they were designed. The new samplers were found to perform similarly for liquid and solid test particles; penetration characteristics remained unchanged even after prolonged exposure to coal mine dust at high concentration. The new parallel impactor design can be applied to approximate any monotonically decreasing penetration curve at a selected flow rate. Personal-size samplers that operate at a few L/min as well as area samplers that operate at higher flow rates can be made based on the suggested design. Performance of such samplers can be predicted with high accuracy employing well-established impaction theory.
An adaptive block-set based management for large-scale flash memory (2009)

With rapid increase of the capacity of flash-memory storage systems, it becomes critical to provide efficient management for large-scale flash-memory. Compared with FTL (Flash Translation Layer), NFTL (NAND Flash Translation Layer) provides less main-memory space requirements for large-scale flash memory. However, because each replacement block is exclusively used by a logical block, NFTL exhibits poor space utilization of flash memory. In this paper, we present an adaptive block-set based flash memory management. The presented scheme adopts shared and exclusive replacement blocks, and allocates replacement blocks according to the update loads of logical blocks. The experimental results show that the presented scheme yields a better performance in garbage collection than NFTL and FAST (fully associative sector translation), keeping space utilization of flash memory at high level.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Photoluminescence of Mercury(<scp>II</scp>) Complexes with Two Homologous Novel Functional Rigid Ligands (2005)

Abstract Two novel functional rigid ligands, 2,2′‐ and 4,4′‐bipyridyl‐based “building blocks”, 9‐ethyl‐3,6‐bis[2‐(4‐pyridyl)ethenyl]carbazole ( L 1 ) and 9‐ethyl‐3,6‐bis[2‐(2‐pyridyl)ethenyl]carbazole ( L 2 ), were synthesized. Treatment of L 1 , 2 as “building blocks” with Hg(SCN) 2 or HgI 2 afforded helixes, macrocycles, and chains, which can be further self‐assembled by a π–π stacking interaction, hydrogen bond, and interatomic force in the solid state to form two‐dimensional networks. In complexes 1 – 4 , Hg II centers all adopt four‐coordination modes in different coordination environments, but they present different architectures with slightly adjusted structures of the ligands and counteranions, indicating that the nature of the ligand and anion plays an important role in the coordination networks. The luminescent properties of compounds 1 – 4 have been studied.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
3D graphics accelerator platform for mobile devices (2005)

Even in the POST-PC era, the need for 3D graphics has steadily increased. In the design of the 3D graphics accelerator for mobile devices, the physical limitation such as power, size and input device must be considered. Moreover, the 3D graphics accelerator should reside in a single chip (SoC) with other blocks such as CPU, audio, video decoder and peripheral blocks. This work describes the design and implementation of mobile 3D graphics accelerator platform. We propose a mobile 3D graphics accelerator platform that has good performance and small size, and supports standard 3D graphics API (application programming interface). Proposed 3D graphics accelerator platform supports hardware Goraud shading, texture mapping, back & front face culling, Z buffering and alpha blending. This platform was verified on a FPGA test board with standard 3D API. It is suitable for cost effective mobile 3D platform such as smart phone, PDA (personal digital assistant), and other mobile devices.
Controlled living ring‐opening metathesis polymerization with a ruthenium indenylidene initiator (2008)

The novel initiator for living ring- opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) [(H2IMes)(py)Cl2Ru(3-phenyl-indenylid-1-ene)] (H2IMes = N,N-bis(mesityl) 4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-yl, py = pyridine) was obtained by the reaction of [(H2IMes)(PCy3)Cl2Ru(3-phenyl-indenylid-1-ene)] with excess pyridine in excellent yield. The complex was fully characterized and the test polymerizations of several norbornene derivatives revealed the capability of the initiator to promote controlled living polymerization. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]
Radioopaque contrast media. XVIII. Derivatives of 2-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)alkanoic acids (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadioopaque contrast media. XVIII. Derivatives of 2-(3-amino-2,4,6-triiodophenyl)alkanoic acidsErnst Felder, Davide Pitre, Luciano Fumagalli, and Enrico LorenzottiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1970, 13, 3, 559–561Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00297a057https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00297a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Morpholino knock‐down of antivin1 and antivin2 upregulates nodal signaling (2001)

International audience
Measurement of Femtomolar Concentrations of Adenosine (1986)

Abstract A method is described for the measurement of femtomole quantities of adenosine. Standards of adenosine or samples of biological fluids or tissues (after deproteinization) are subjected to standard, gradient, reversed phase HPLC. The adenosine fraction is collected, enzymatically converted to uric acid and the uric acid quantified by electrochemical detection. Peak height in millimeters or nanoamperes is linearly related to adenosine levels over a range of 25–2000 fmoles. As little as 5 fmoles of adenosine can be detected and 25 fmoles can be accurately measured. The adenosine concentration of Krebs-Henseleit solution in contact with the epicardial surface of the dog heart reaches apparent equilibrium with the interstitial fluid concentration of the myocardium within 2–4 min at a level of 0.15 μM (range 0.08–0.24 μM).
Optical Beat Note Readout of a Magnetic Gradient. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Espace et action enseignante éléments pour une chorématique de la salle de classe (1999)

Une recherche en sciences de l’éducation visant à contribuer à l’élaboration d’une théorie de l’action enseignante a utilisé un concept emprunté à la géographie, celui de chorème. Cet article explicite la démarche utilisée, expose les résultats obtenus et propose une chorématique de la salle de classe.
The Ohmeda Rascal II (1994)

The Ohmeda Rascal II is a multigas analyser and pulse oximeter for dedicated anaesthetic.use. It uses the Raman scattering of laser light to identify and quantify oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and three volatile anaesthetic agents. Its response times equal or better the published response times of infrared or photo-acoustic devices. It is linear within the clinical ranges of all gases and vapours, simple to use, requires no maintenance, holds its calibration well, and is a suitable monitor for clinical and research use.