gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoelectrochemical Characterization of CuInSe<sub>2</sub> and Cu(In<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ga<sub><i>x</i></sub>)Se<sub>2</sub> Thin Films for Solar Cells (2010)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) studies of CuInSe2 (CIS) and Cu(In1−xGax)Se2 (CIGS) thin films prepared by electrodeposition and spray coating of nanocrystals were carried out. PEC reductions of methyl viologen (MV) in aqueous solution and ethyl viologen (EV) in acetonitrile were used to evaluate the thin-film performance by measuring the photocurrent. Deposition of a CdS layer on CIS and CIGS films strongly enhanced the photocurrent; for example, a nanocrystal-CIS film showed about 100 times higher photocurrent with a thin CdS layer. Capacitance measurements and Mott−Schottky plots were obtained to find the flat band potential. Incident photon to current conversion efficiencies (IPCE) and absorbed photon to current conversion efficiencies (APCE) obtained from PEC measurements were about 20% and 40−70%, respectively.
City name recognition over the telephone (1993)

The authors present a neural-network-based speech recognition system for telephone speech. A neural network classifier provides phoneme probabilities for each frame of the utterance. A dynamic programming algorithm finds the most probable sequence of words. The classifier was trained on a spoken name corpus which contained the test vocabulary and many other words. The test set consisted of 262 utterances containing 44 cities and 2 states. The best result obtained on the test set was 92.9% word accuracy (90.1% on just the city names). Removing phoneme duration constraints reduced recognition accuracy to 82%. Performance fell to 82.4% using a network trained on a large vocabulary, fluent-speech corpus. Several other experiments are reported which did not produce significant changes in system performance.< <ETX>></ETX>
Amino Acids Control Mammalian Gene Transcription: Activating Transcription Factor 2 Is Essential for the Amino Acid Responsiveness of the <i>CHOP</i> Promoter (2000)

In mammals, plasma concentration of amino acids is affected by nutritional or pathological conditions. It has been well established that nutrients, and particularly amino acids, are involved in the control of gene expression. Here we examined the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of CHOP (a CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein [C/EBP]-related gene) expression upon amino acid limitation. We have previously shown that regulation of CHOP mRNA expression by amino acid concentration has both transcriptional and posttranscriptional components. We report the analysis of cis- and trans-acting elements involved in the transcriptional activation of the human CHOP gene by leucine starvation. Using a transient expression assay, we show that a cis-positive element is essential for amino acid regulation of the CHOP promoter. This sequence is the first described that can regulate a basal promoter in response to starvation for several individual amino acids and therefore can be called an amino acid response element (AARE). In addition, we show that the CHOP AARE is related to C/EBP and ATF/CRE binding sites and binds in vitro the activating transcription factor 2 (ATF-2) in starved and unstarved conditions. Using ATF-2-deficient mouse embryonic fibroblasts and an ATF-2-dominant negative mutant, we demonstrate that expression of this transcription factor is essential for the transcriptional activation of CHOP by leucine starvation. Altogether, these results suggest that ATF-2 may be a member of a cascade of molecular events by which the cellular concentration of amino acids can regulate mammalian gene expression.
Text retrieval by using k-word proximity search (2003)

When we search from a huge amount of documents, we often specify several keywords and use conjunctive queries to narrow the result of the search. Though the searched documents contain all keywords, positions of the keywords are usually not considered. As the result, the search result contains some meaningless documents. It is therefore effective to rank documents according to proximity of keywords in the documents. This ranking is regarded as a kind of text data mining. We propose two algorithms for finding documents in which all given keywords appear in neighboring places. One is based on the plane-sweep algorithm and the other is based on a divide-and-conquer approach. Both algorithms run in O(n log n) time where n is the number of occurrences of given keywords. We run the plane-sweep algorithm on a large collection of HTML files and verify its effectiveness.
ENERGY-COUPLING MECHANISMS IN MITOCHONDRIA: KINETIC, SPECTROSCOPIC, AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF AN ENERGY-TRANSDUCING FORM OF CYTOCHROME <i>b</i> (1970)

The primary event of coupled electron transfer at phosphorylation site II is identified with a modification in one of the two chemically distinct forms of cytochrome b, designated as the energy-transducing cytochrome b(T). This modification is expressed through a change in the redox midpoint potential and by an increase in its reaction half time with cytochrome c(1). In pigeon heart mitochondria cytochrome b(T) exhibits an absorption maximum at 564 nm and on this basis, it can be distinguished from Keilin's cytochrome b which exhibits an absorption maximum at 560 nm and serves as an electron carrier on the substrate side of cytochrome b(T). Kinetic capability of cytochrome b(T) is evidenced by its rapid electron transfer and energization time of less than 200 msec, its thermodynamic capability-by a 280 mV potential span suitable for providing one of the two electron transfer reactions required in ATP formation. Two secondary events of coupled electron flow may be identified with a charge separation across the lipid structure of the permeability barrier and a change in water structure; both events result in an increased 1-anilino-8-naphthalene-sulfonic acid (ANS) response to the altered environment.
Leucettines, a Class of Potent Inhibitors of cdc2-Like Kinases and Dual Specificity, Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinases Derived from the Marine Sponge Leucettamine B: Modulation of Alternative Pre-RNA Splicing (2011)

We here report on the synthesis, optimization, and biological characterization of leucettines, a family of kinase inhibitors derived from the marine sponge leucettamine B. Stepwise synthesis of analogues starting from the natural structure, guided by activity testing on eight purified kinases, led to highly potent inhibitors of CLKs and DYRKs, two families of kinases involved in alternative pre-mRNA splicing and Alzheimer's disease/Down syndrome. Leucettine L41 was cocrystallized with CLK3. It interacts with key residues located within the ATP-binding pocket of the kinase. Leucettine L41 inhibits the phosphorylation of serine/arginine-rich proteins (SRp), a family of proteins regulating pre-RNA splicing. Indeed leucettine L41 was demonstrated to modulate alternative pre-mRNA splicing, in a cell-based reporting system. Leucettines should be further explored as pharmacological tools to study and modulate pre-RNA splicing. Leucettines may also be investigated as potential therapeutic drugs in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in diseases involving abnormal pre-mRNA splicing.
Fast and Flexible Shared Libraries. (1993)

Existing implementations of shared libraries sacrifice speed (in loading, linking, and executed code), for essential flexibility (in symbol binding, address space use, and interface evolution). Modern operating systems provide the primitives needed to make the dynamic linker and loader a persistent server which lives across program invocations. This can provide speed without sacrificing flexibility. The speed is gained primarily through caching of previous work, i.e., bound and relocated executable images and libraries. The flexibility comes from the server&apos;s being an active entity, capable of adapting to changing conditions, modifying its cached state, and responding to user directives. In this paper we present a shared library implementation based on OMOS, an Object/Meta-Object Server, which provides program linking and loading facilities as a special case of generic object instantiation. We discuss the architecture of OMOS and its support of module binding primitives, which make it ...
Local action planning for mobile robot collision avoidance (2003)

This paper presents an approach to collision avoidance for mobile robots that uses local path planning within a map built from the robot's latest range measurements followed by a search for control commands to steer the robot towards the goal safely and efficiently. While the search for control commands allows robot dynamics to be taken into account and therefore allows for very smooth navigation behavior, planning is able to determine the optimal path towards the goal and minimizes the likelihood that the robot gets trapped in dead end situations. We introduce and compare several approaches to utilize the results of path planning in the search for good control commands. In extensive experiments, we show that our combined approach outperforms a collision avoidance that is purely based on local planning and we empirically investigate the pros-and-cons of the different search strategies for control commands and find one to significantly outperform the others.
Linear equations in quaternionic variables (2008)

We study the quaternionic linear system which is composed out of terms of the form ln(x) := P n p=1 apxbp with quaternionic constants ap,bp and a variable number n of terms. In the first place we investigate one equation in one variable. If n = 2 the corresponding equation, which is normally called Sylvester’s equation will be treated completely by using only quaternionic algebra. For larger n a transition to the isomorphic (4 ◊ 4) real matrix case is investigated. Sufficient conditions for non singularity will be obtained by using results from fixed point theorems. Connections to the Kronecker product are presented. The general case of a linear quaternionic system is treated, where each unknown is contained in a sum of the form mentioned above. As a tool the so-called column operator and its properties are used. An analogue of the Kronecker product for quaternionic systems involving terms of the form AXB is given.
Object-oriented communication structures for multimedia data transport (1996)

The evolving multimedia applications generate requirements for complex transport capabilities, i.e., functional features, in the end-to-end communication system such as handling of heterogeneity among communicating terminals, supporting finer levels of user-specifiable quality of data transport service, and synchronization of various data streams for delivery at users in real time. Accordingly, the communication system may be viewed as extending the basic capabilities provided by the backbone network (e.g., bandwidth allocation) into a set of transport capabilities suitable for complex applications. This paper presents: (1) an object-oriented view of the user interface to the communication system with an elegant separation of data transport functionalities, and (2) an approach to the design of underlying transport protocols. The object-orientation decomposes an application-level data transport into a set of network channel objects, with each channel object handling a separate data stream. The object interactions are modeled using a "data-flow programming" style, which allows a richer set of protocols to implement the communication system and offers flexibility to accommodate complex and heterogeneous subscriber services/terminals. The "data-flow programming" method also allows a high degree of communication level parallelism among data transport through channels. The view of a multimedia communication system as a "parameterizable black-box", as underscored in the object-oriented structuring, allows easier interworking of the communication system with existing networks and easier integration of multimedia transport into programming environments.
Region Merging Techniques Using Information Theory Statistical Measures (2010)

The purpose of the current work is to propose, under a statistical framework, a family of unsupervised region merging techniques providing a set of the most relevant region-based explanations of an image at different levels of analysis. These techniques are characterized by general and nonparametric region models, with neither color nor texture homogeneity assumptions, and a set of innovative merging criteria, based on information theory statistical measures. The scale consistency of the partitions is assured through i) a size regularization term into the merging criteria and a classical merging order, or ii) using a novel scale-based merging order to avoid the region size homogeneity imposed by the use of a size regularization term. Moreover, a partition significance index is defined to automatically determine the subset of most representative partitions from the created hierarchy. Most significant automatically extracted partitions show the ability to represent the semantic content of the image from a human point of view. Finally, a complete and exhaustive evaluation of the proposed techniques is performed, using not only different databases for the two main addressed problems (object-oriented segmentation of generic images and texture image segmentation), but also specific evaluation features in each case: under- and oversegmentation error, and a large set of region-based, pixel-based and error consistency indicators, respectively. Results are promising, outperforming in most indicators both object-oriented and texture state-of-the-art segmentation techniques.
A DC-offset-compensated, CT/DT hybrid filter with process-insensitive cutoff and low in-band group-delay variation for WLAN receivers (2008)

A continuous-time/discrete-time (CT/DT) hybrid channel-selection filter (CSF) with a built-in pole-controllable dc-offset canceller (DOC) for WLAN receivers is proposed. Optimized in a 90-nm CMOS process, a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order CT/DT Hourglass architecture plus one frequency-extended real pole approximates the shape of a generic 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order pure CT (active-RC) Butterworth structure, while achieving a stable cutoff frequency (i.e., ±10%) without calibration and small in-band group delay variation (i.e., 34 ns). The entire CSF consumes 10.3 mW at 1.2 V. The IIP3 is +15 dBm and the 0.2-mW DOC reduces more than 50% of the dc-offset, while providing a pole controllable feature to flexibly suit the different reception modes of WLAN systems.
Var2CSA DBL6-epsilon domain expressed in HEK293 induces limited cross-reactive and blocking antibodies to CSA binding parasites (2008)

This is the first report showing inhibitory binding antibodies obtained through a var2CSA recombinant DBL domain immunization protocol. These results support the current strategies using var2CSA as immunogen in the aim of blocking placental sequestration of malaria parasites. This work is a step towards the development of a var2CSA based vaccine that will prevent pregnancy-associated malaria and improve pregnancy outcomes.
A downhole magnetic logging tool for the Ocean Drilling Program (1988)

In October 1986 the Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) program of the National Science Foundation funded the University of Washington (UW), Seattle, to construct, test, and initially deploy a downhole magnetometer as part of the logging program for the drilling ship JOIDES Resolution. The success of the initial deployment of the magnetometer in a 500‐m gabbroic crustal section during Leg 118 in December 1987 (Leg 118 Scientific Party, 1988), and the general availability of this tool as part of the ODP suite of logging tools, prompted this brief announcement. The UW/ODP magnetic logging tool was designed by IFG Corporation of Toronto, Canada, and underwent several design modifications specifically for ODP use by both URTEC Instrument Sales Limited, of Toronto, and the Borehole Research Group (BRG) at Lamont‐Doherty Geological Observatory (LDGO), Palisades, N.Y. The tool consists of three orthogonally oriented ring core fluxgate magnetometers, a susceptibility sensor, and two thermocouples which monitor the internal temperature of the probe. The fluxgate magnetometers each have a range of +/−100,000 n T and a sensitivity of 0.1 nT. The fluxgates have been calibrated in magnetic fields ranging from 3000 to 100,000 n T and at a range of temperatures between 25° and 90°C. The susceptibility coil has a sensitivity of approximately 10∼5 SI units when run in a borehole 10″ (25 cm) in diameter. In addition to magnetic susceptibility, the coil measures electrical resistivity, but with this particular type of sensor, the measurement is only useful in formations with very high electrical conductivities. The entire magnetometer syst em is currently capable of being run at operating temperatures up to 125°C without damage. Although the fluxgate magnetometer output remains linear within this range, the susceptibility probe becomes nonlinear and exhibits some thermal hysteresis at elevated temperatures. T h e susceptibility probe will require more detailed calibration in order to utilize measurements made at these higher (>60°C) temperatures. Although the magnetometer probe does not currently have an independent system for azimuthal orientation in highly magnetic media (e.g., accelerometers or a gyroscope), this is a desirable feature which is hoped to eventually be included in the magnetic logging package.
Metabolic dependencies of breast cancer cells (2013)

Cellular metabolism is one of the core processes for cell growth and proliferation. This process is altered in cancer cells as most solid tumours exhibit increased glucose uptake and lactate secretion, a feature known as the Warburg effect. These metabolic changes are the consequence of oncogene activation, loss of tumour suppressor function and/or mutations in metabolic enzymes. However, cancer cell metabolism is not limited to the Warburg effect and the exact role the metabolic machinery plays in facilitating proliferation and cell survival in different cancer types is still poorly understood and requires further study. Breast cancer is a complex and heterogeneous disease at the molecular level. In addition, the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway is frequently activated in breast cancers due to loss of the PTEN tumour suppressor, oncogenic activation of PIK3CA or overexpression of certain growth factor receptors. This study aimed to investigate whether the metabolic requirements of breast cancer cell lines are determined by their molecular alterations. By using RNA interference (siRNA), the expression of 231 metabolic enzymes, transporters and metabolic regulators of the cellular glucose and lipid metabolism were ablated in a panel of 14 breast cancer cell lines and 3 non-malignant breast cell lines with distinct molecular characteristics. Solid breast tumours are known to have regions of high/low delivery of nutrients and oxygen that facilitate changes in the metabolic dependencies of cancer cells that reside within these areas. Moreover, these solid tumours that contain regions of poor oxygen delivery are associated with cancers refractive to treatment and that have poorer overall survival. Thus, to examine the metabolic dependencies of cells that reside in these regions, an environment of low oxygen was recapitulated and the effect of silencing of metabolic genes on cell survival was assessed. Crucially, this approach has led to the identification of previously known and novel metabolic genes that are essential for survival of breast cancer cells for each of the defined breast cancer subgroups. In addition, the characterisation of the metabolic requirements and processes revealed that each subgroup displays a distinct metabolic phenotype that might provide potential novel molecular targets that could be exploited therapeutically.
A VLSI network of spiking neurons with plastic fully configurable &#x201C;stop-learning&#x201D; synapses (2008)

We describe and demonstrate a neuromorphic, analog VLSI chip (termed F-LANN) hosting 128 integrate-and-fire (IF) neurons with spike-frequency adaptation, and 16,384 plastic bistable synapses implementing a self-regulated form of Hebbian, spike-driven, stochastic plasticity. The chip is designed to offer a high degree of reconfigurability: each synapse may be individually configured at any time to be either excitatory or inhibitory and to receive either recurrent input from an on-chip neuron or AER-based input from an off-chip neuron. The initial state of each synapse can be set as potentiated or depressed, and the state of each synapse can be read and stored on a computer.
Selective reactive ion etching of GaAs on AlGaAs using CCl2F2 and He (1988)

The characteristics of a CCl2F2:He reactive ion etch are reported for use in selectively etching GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The etch is performed at a pressure of 150 mTorr, with rf power of 0.5 W/cm2. Both He and CCl2F2 flow rates are controlled to 10 sccm, with measured dc self-bias of typically 125 V. The etch rate for GaAs is 1.8 μm/min, while the AlGaAs etch rate depends on the Al mole fraction x with measured values of 150 Å/min at x=0.28 and 45 Å/min at x=0.5. The selectivity is 120 at x=0.28 and 420 at x=0.5. The etch shows an anisotropy between the 〈011〉 and the 〈011̄〉 directions. Measurements of the plasma impedance are reported as a function of pressure, power, and gas flow rate. From these measurements, the dc bias can be computed and is shown to give good agreement with the measured values. The plasma conditions are sensitive to the previous history of the chamber, but by preconditioning the chamber, the etch is readily reproduced.
POWERFORECASTER: Predicting Power Impact of Mobile Sensing Applications at Pre-Installation Time (2016)

Excerpted from PowerForecaster: Predicting Smartphone Power Impact of Continuous Sensing Applications at Pre-Installation Time from Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems with permission. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2809695.2809728 © ACM 2015.
Step-by-step decoding of the Bose-Chaudhuri- Hocquenghem codes (1965)

A new and conceptually simple decoding procedure is developed for all of the cyclic Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes. If <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</tex> is the number of errors guaranteed correctable by the Bose-Chaudhuri bound, then any pattern of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</tex> or fewer errors can be corrected in a step-by-step manner using this procedure. In the binary case, the method requires only the determination of whether a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t \times t</tex> matrix is singular. In the general case, the method requires only the determination of whether a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t \times t</tex> matrix and a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">(t+1) \times (t+1)</tex> matrix are simultaneously singular. Circuits to implement the algorithm are developed and two detailed examples are given. Finally, the step-by-step procedure is compared to other known methods for decoding the Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem codes.
<i>DIALS</i>: implementation and evaluation of a new integration package (2018)

The DIALS project is a collaboration between Diamond Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and CCP4 to develop a new software suite for the analysis of crystallographic X-ray diffraction data, initially encompassing spot finding, indexing, refinement and integration. The design, core algorithms and structure of the software are introduced, alongside results from the analysis of data from biological and chemical crystallography experiments.