gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS/dead reckoning for vehicle tracking in the "urban canyon" environment (1993)

Urban areas provide unique problems for Global Positioning System (GPS)-only vehicle location systems. GPS-only propagation can only be used over short intervals. To combat these problems, a dead reckoning capability is added to a GPS sensor. The system uses a low-cost vibrational gyro. The vehicle's odometer output combines with GPS to provide an accurate, robust positioning system for urban environments. The system performs well in harsh urban environments.
A 100 Mbit/s Viterbi decoder chip: novel architecture and its realization (1990)

Installing new high-speed digital microwave and satellite communication links often leads to the need for fast Viterbi decoders (VDs). However, the main unit of a VD contains a nonlinear data-dependent feedback loop that limits the maximum achievable throughput rate. A conventional realization of this loop leads to the problem that good decoder performance requires a large wordlength, whereas a high data rate requires a small wordlength. The authors present an architecture which eliminates this trade-off by bit-level parallel processing. The architecture was used in the design of a fabricated 115 Mb/s VD chip for an 8-PSK (phase-shift keying) trellis code. This represents the fastest single-chip VD built to date. The less complex design (<9000 gates) shows that the proposed architecture allows the single-chip realization of high-speed VDs with large wordlength and a larger number of states. It is shown that this architecture can also be applied to other related problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Affinity labeling of succinyl-CoA synthetase from porcine heart and Escherichia coli with oxidized coenzyme A disulfide. (1978)

Incubation of oxidized coenzyme A disulfide (produced by oxidation of reduced CoA with 1 eq of sodium periodiate or of CoA disulfide with 1 eq of peracetic acid) with succinyl-CoA disulfide with 1 eq of peracetic acid) with succinyl-CoA synthetase from either porcine heart or Escherichia coli led to the formation of inactive enzyme containing 1 mol of CoA per alphabeta dimer. The bound CoA was attached through a disulfide bond to a sulfhydryl group of the beta subunit. Release of CoA and restoration of activity was achieved by incubation of the modified enzyme with thiols, such as dithiothreitol. Interaction of oxidized CoA disulfide with enzyme was inhibited competitively by desulfo-CoA, which is a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme with respect to CoA. These data are evidence that oxidized CoA disulfide is an affinity label for the CoA binding site of succinyl-CoA synthetase and are the first positive results implicating the beta subunit in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme.
Trans-splicing of pre-mRNA in plants, animals, and protists. (1993)

Messenger RNA maturation in eukaryotes typically involves the removal of introns from long precursor molecules. An unusual form of RNA splicing in which separate precursor transcripts contribute sequences to the mature mRNA through intermolecular reactions has now been documented in a number of diverse organisms. In this review, the phenomenon of pre-mRNA trans-splicing has been divided into two categories. The "spliced leader" type, found in protozoans such as trypanosomes and lower invertebrates such as nematodes, results in the addition of a short, capped 5' noncoding sequence to the mRNA. The "discontinuous group II intron" form of trans-splicing, found in plant/algal chloroplasts and plant mitochondria, involves the joining of independently transcribed coding sequences, presumably through interactions between "intronic" RNA pieces. Both categories of trans-splicing are mechanistically similar to conventional nuclear pre-mRNA cis-splicing; potential evolutionary relationships are discussed.
General acid catalysis of ortho ester hydrolysis (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral acid catalysis of ortho ester hydrolysisEdwin Anderson and Thomas H. FifeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 12, 1993–1996Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00977a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00977a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy Is Accompanied by Increasing Levels of Circulating CD4+CD25+GITR+Foxp3+CD62L+ Functional Regulatory T-Cells in Patients With Graft-Versus-Host Disease (2007)

Our study shows a time correlation between ECP and increasing percentages of circulating functional T-regs. Albeit suggestive, our results need to be confirmed on larger series to determine the actual role of T-reg in mediating the clinical effect of ECP.
Cytosolic Delivery of Proteins by Bioreversible Esterification (2017)

Cloaking its carboxyl groups with a hydrophobic moiety is shown to enable a protein to enter the cytosol of a mammalian cell. Diazo compounds derived from (p-methylphenyl)glycine were screened for the ability to esterify the green fluorescent protein (GFP) in an aqueous environment. Esterification of GFP with 2-diazo-2-(p-methylphenyl)-N,N-dimethylacetamide was efficient. The esterified protein entered the cytosol by traversing the plasma membrane directly, like a small-molecule prodrug. As with prodrugs, the nascent esters are substrates for endogenous esterases, which regenerate native protein. Thus, esterification could provide a general means to deliver native proteins to the cytosol.
Recruitment of Labelled Monocytes by Experimental Venous Thrombi (2001)

The structure of thrombi produced by this model was comparable to that of human venous thrombi. Endogenous and injected monocytes migrated into the thrombus during natural resolution, possibly via the vein wall. Monocyte targeting could therefore be used to develop novel treatments for venous thrombosis, with the aim of reducing post-thrombotic complications.
High-power IR laser in SMT package (2009)

Laser dies in an optical power range of 1-3 Watts are widely assembled in popular TO- packages. TO-packages suffer from high thermal resistance and limited output power. Bad thermal contact between circuit boards and TO-devices can cause overheating of laser chips, significantly reducing the operating life time. We developed a compact high heat-load SMT package for an optical power up to 7 Watts in CW operation with good life time results. The new package for high power laser chips combines highly efficient heat dissipation with Surface-mount technology. A Direct-Bonded-Copper (DBC) substrate acts as a base plate for the laser chip and heat sink. The attached frame is used for electrical contacting and acts as beam reflector where the laser light is reflected at a 45° mirror. In the application the DBC base plate of the SMT-Laser is directly soldered to a Metal-Core-PCB by reflow soldering. The overall thermal resistance from laser chip to the bottom of a MC-PCB was measured as low as 2.5 K/W. The device placement process can be operated by modern high-speed mounting equipment. The direct link between device and MC-PCB allows CW laser operation up to 6-7 watts at wavelengths of 808nm to 940nm without facing any overheating symptom like thermal roll over. The device is suitable for CW and QCW operation. In pulsed operation short rise and fall times of <2ns have been demonstrated. New application fields like infrared illumination for sensing purposes in the automotive industry and 3D imaging systems could be opened by this new technology.
Probing the AIDS Virus and Its Relatives (1987)

Selection de faits nouveaux rapportes au 3eme congres sur le virus du SIDA tenu du 1er au 5 juin a Washington, D.C.
A broad‐spectrum fluorescence‐based peptide library for the rapid identification of protease substrates (2006)

Identification of peptide substrates for proteases can be a major undertaking. To overcome issues such as feasibility and deconvolution, associated with large peptide libraries, a 'small but smart' generic fluorescence resonance energy transfer rapid endopeptidase profiling library (REPLi) was synthesised as a tool for rapidly identifying protease substrates. Within a tripeptide core, flanked by Gly residues, similar amino acids were paired giving rise to a relatively small library of 3375 peptides divided into 512 distinct pools each containing only 8 peptides. The REPLi was validated with trypsin, pepsin, the matrix metalloprotease (MMP)-12 and MMP-13 and calpains-1 and -2. In the case of calpain-2, a single iteration step involving LC-MS, provided the definitive residue specificity from which a highly sensitive fluorogenic substrate, (FAM)-Gly-Gly-Gly-Gln-Leu-Tyr-Gly-Gly-DPA-Arg-Arg-Lys-(TAMRA), was then designed. The thorough validation of this 'small but smart' peptide library with representatives from each of the four mechanistic protease classes indicates that the REPLi will be useful for the rapid identification of substrates for multiple proteases.
Comprehensive kinase profile of pacritinib, a nonmyelosuppressive Janus kinase 2 inhibitor (2016)

Pacritinib, potent inhibitor of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), JAK2V617F, and fms-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3, is in Phase III development in myelofibrosis. Among type 1 inhibitors, pacritinib shows a lack of myelosuppression at doses that both inhibit JAK2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 pathway and demonstrate clinical efficacy. To elucidate these mechanisms and identify other disease targets, a kinome analysis screened 439 recombinant kinases at 100 nM pacritinib concentration. For kinases with >50% inhibition, pacritinib was titrated from 1 to 100 nM. JAK2, JAK2V617F, FLT3, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor, and interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 achieved half-maximal inhibitory concentrations <50 nM. Pacritinib did not inhibit JAK1 (82% control at 100 nM). Lack of myelosuppression may stem from inhibiting JAK2 without affecting JAK1 and reducing hematopoietic inhibitory cytokines by suppressing interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 or colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor. The pacritinib kinome suggests therapeutic utility in acute myeloid leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, solid tumors, and inflammatory conditions.
Self-assembly and friction of glycerol monooleate and its hydrolysis products in bulk and confined non-aqueous solvents (2018)

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the self-assembly and friction of glycerol monooleate mixed with oleic acid, glycerol, calcium oleate, or water in n-heptane and toluene solvents. The aim is to determine how chemical degradation products of glycerol monooleate could lead to changes in structural and frictional properties. In bulk solution, almost all mixtures studied contain self-assembled reverse micelles. Under confinement between sheared mica surfaces, the reverse micelles disintegrate, but the distribution of molecules between the surfaces and the centre of the fluid layer depends sensitively on the chemical composition, with more polar mixtures showing stronger adsorption. The measured kinetic friction coefficient is correlated with the extent of surface adsorption: while degradation products lead to increases in the friction coefficient in most cases, all changes are more pronounced when there is less surface adsorption.
Combination of Albendazole and 2-Methoxyestradiol significantly improves the survival of HCT-116 tumor-bearing nude mice (2013)

The combination of low doses of ABZ and 2ME has shown promising results in our pre-clinical model. Additionally, the finding that the combination of two microtubule-binding agents that share the same binding site can act synergistically may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies in cancer treatment.
Compression of ECG signals by optimized quantization of discrete cosine transform coefficients (2001)

This paper presents an ECG compressor based on optimized quantization of Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients. The ECG to be compressed is partitioned in blocks of fixed size, and each DCT block is quantized using a quantization vector and a threshold vector that are specifically defined for each signal. These vectors are defined, via Lagrange multipliers, so that the estimated entropy is minimized for a given distortion in the reconstructed signal. The optimization method presented in this paper is an adaptation for ECG of a technique previously used for image compression. In the last step of the compressor here proposed, the quantized coefficients are coded by an arithmetic coder. The Percent Root-Mean-Square Difference (PRD) was adopted as a measure of the distortion introduced by the compressor. To assess the performance of the proposed compressor, 2-minute sections of all 96 records of the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database were compressed at different PRD values, and the corresponding compression ratios were computed. We also present traces of test signals before and after the compression/decompression process. The results show that the proposed method achieves good compression ratios (CR) with excellent reconstruction quality. An average CR of 9.3:1 is achieved for PRD equal to 2.5%. Experiments with ECG records used in other results from the literature revealed that the proposed method compares favorably with various classical and state-of-the-art ECG compressors.
Towards O(1) Memory (2017)

Since the dawn of computing, memory capacity has been a primary limitation in system design. Forthcoming memory technology such as Intel and Micron's 3D XPoint memory and other technologies may provide far larger memory capacity than ever before. Furthermore, these new memory technologies are inherently persistent and save data across system crashes or power failures.
피부 자궁내막증 1 예 (2001)

Cutaneous endometriosis is defined as the presence of extrauterine endometrial tissue in or under the skin. It occurs most commonly as a secondary process in scars after abdominal or pelvic procedures. Rarely, endometriosis may arise spontaneously within the umbilicus. We present a case of cutaneous endometriosis presented as a painful umbilical nodule. The patient had no history of previous abdominal or pelvic surgery. Histopathological examination revealed a characteristic feature of cutaneous endometriosis. (Korean J Dermatol 2002;40(1)：100~102)
Effectiveness of Phosphoroamides for Retardation of Urea Hydrolysis in Soils (1984)

Abstract The effectiveness of two phosphorodiamides (phosphorodiamidic acid, phenylphosphorodiamidate) and 10 phosphorotriamides [( N ‐phenylphosphoric triamide, N ‐(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphoric triamide, N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)benzamide, 4‐cyano‐ N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)benzamide, N ‐(3‐trifluoromethylphenyl)phosphoric triamide, N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)‐3‐pyridinecarboxamide, 4‐chloro‐ N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)benzamide, 4‐fluoro‐ N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)benzamide, N ‐(diaminophosphinyl)benzeneacetamide, and phosphoric triamide] for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils was studied by determining the effects of 10 µg g −1 soil of each compound on the amounts of urea hydrolyzed when soils treated with urea were incubated at 20°C for 3, 7, and 14 d. The soils used were selected to obtain a wide range in properties, and the effects of the 12 phosphoroamides studied were compared with those of five compounds known to be among the most effective of the compounds thus far proposed for retardation of urea hydrolysis in soils (hydroquinone, catechol, 1,4‐benzoquinone, 2,5 dichloro‐1,4‐benzoquinone, and phenylmercuric acetate). The data obtained showed that most of the phosphoroamides studied were as effective as the compounds used in this comparison and that phenylphosphorodiamidate was considerably more effective than all other compounds studied.
One-Pot Synthesis of Magnetic Graphene Nanocomposites Decorated with Core@Double-shell Nanoparticles for Fast Chromium Removal (2011)

A facile thermodecomposition process to synthesize magnetic graphene nanocomposites (MGNCs) is reported. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy filtered elemental mapping revealed a core@double-shell structure of the nanoparticles with crystalline iron as the core, iron oxide as the inner shell and amorphous Si-S-O compound as the outer shell. The MGNCs demonstrate an extremely fast Cr(VI) removal from the wastewater with a high removal efficiency and with an almost complete removal of Cr(VI) within 5 min. The adsorption kinetics follows the pseudo-second-order model and the novel MGNC adsorbent exhibits better Cr(VI) removal efficiency in solutions with low pH. The large saturation magnetization (96.3 emu/g) of the synthesized nanoparticles allows fast separation of the MGNCs from liquid suspension. By using a permanent magnet, the recycling process of both the MGNC adsorbents and the adsorbed Cr(VI) is more energetically and economically sustainable. The significantly reduced treatment time required to remove the Cr(VI) and the applicability in treating the solutions with low pH make MGNCs promising for the efficient removal of heavy metals from the wastewater.
CIRCULATING LEVELS OF VITAMIN E, CHOLESTEROL, AND SELECTED MINERALS IN CAPTIVE AND WILD BELUGA WHALES {DELPHINAPTERUS LEUCAS) (1990)

Vitamin E, cholesterol, and selected mineral (Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, P, and Zn) concentrations were measured in plasma or serum from 10 captive and 14 wild beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) to determine if captive diet and environment altered the circulating levels of these nutrients. Calcium, copper, and phosphorus concentrations were all significantly higher in free-ranging whales. Zinc and cholesterol concentrations were significantly lower in the free-ranging whales compared with captives. Vitamin E, iron, and magnesium concentrations did not differ significantly between the two groups. The variations observed may be due to seasonal, environmental, or dietary differ
Extravascular Contrast Material: The Major Component of Contrast Enhancement (1976)

The distribution volume of 125l-diatrizoate in rat tissues was studied 5 seconds to 5 minutes after intravenous injection and 5 seconds to 2 minutes after intra-arterial injection. Immediately after injection, diatrizoate was distributed into a larger volume than plasma. Marked temporal changes in the distribution volume of individual tissues occurred during the first 2 minutes. At 5 minutes, the diatrizoate space approached the total extracellular fluid volume, with more than 80% of the contrast agent remaining outside the blood vessels. Thus the relative magnitude of contrast enhancement of a tissue appears to be related to the volume of the rapidly equilibrating extracellular space. Intra-arterial administration can significantly overload muscle with contrast material for about 2 minutes. This and other temporal changes in contrast distribution may prove useful in contrast-enhanced computed tomography using short scanning times.
Peak value estimation of bandlimited signals from their samples, noise enhancement, and a local characterization in the neighborhood of an extremum (2003)

The paper addresses the problem of estimating the peak value of bandlimited signals from their samples with and without oversampling. This problem has significant relevance to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal processing and system design. In particular, an upper bound on the peak value is established given the peak value of the samples and the oversampling rate. Moreover, it is shown that the bounds are sharp for all practical rates by constructing bandlimited signals taking on this bound. The proof also provides a local characterization of bandlimited signals in the neighborhood of an extremum. A different analysis examines the effect of small errors in the samples. It is shown that oversampling can provide robust recovery in the sense that small errors in the samples lead to small errors in the reconstructed signal. Again, an upper bound is derived relating the peak error in the samples and the peak error in the signals. Furthermore, both problems are shown to be coupled and put in a unifying context. The bounds are compared and applied to problems concerning OFDM.
Microbiologic and clinical aspects of a trial of once daily cefixime compared with twice daily cefaclor for treatment of acute otitis media in infants and children (1993)

In this randomized, investigator-blinded multicenter study, tympanocentesis for acute otitis media with effusion in 137 ears from 108 children, 6 months to 12 years of age, revealed 84 definite pathogens and 32 potential pathogens. Twenty-nine aspirates from 23 subjects were sterile. Of the 116 isolates 42 (36%) were Streptococcus pneumoniae, 24 (21%) were Haemophilus influenzae, 9 (8%) were Moraxella catarrhalis, 9 (8%) were Streptococcus pyogenes and 1 (1%) was Staphylococcus aureus. Twenty-two (19%) definite pathogens produced beta-lactamase. Patients were randomized to cefixime (8 mg/kg/day daily) or cefaclor (40 mg/kg/day divided into two doses). Efficacy was determined by pneumatic otoscopy and tympanometry at the end of therapy visit on Days 11 to 14 and up to 4 weeks of follow-up. At end of therapy subjects with definite pathogens exhibited a satisfactory clinical outcome in 26 of 36 (72%) ears for cefaclor and 40 of 48 (83%) ears for cefixime recipients (P = 0.12). For ears with beta-lactamase-producing isolates there were no (0 to 12) cefixime failures but 4 of 10 cefaclor failures (P = 0.03). Diarrhea/loose stools were more frequent in cefixime (16 of 58) than cefaclor (4 of 50) recipients. One cefixime subject required discontinuation of drug. Overall efficacy for treatment of acute otitis media with effusion was not different; however, cefixime appeared more effective for infections caused by beta-lactamase-producing organisms.
Disposition of a synthetic analogue of lipid A (E5564) in rats (2003)

1. E5564, a lipid A analogue that potently antagonises lipopolysaccharide, is being developed to treat sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections. The pharmacokinetic profile of E5564 is independent of dose between 0.1 and 1 mg kg(-1). The distribution volume of E5564 is slightly larger than the total plasma volume, and the terminal elimination half-life is about 5 h. 2. Following (14)C-E5564 administration (0.5 mg kg(-1)), radioactivity rapidly accumulates in the liver and spleen. The half-life of E5564 in the liver is 5.1 h, which is similar to that in the plasma. At 48 weeks after dosing, 35.27% of the administered radioactivity was still present in the liver. Cumulative urinary and faecal excretion of radioactivity for up to 48 weeks after administration were 3.86 and 67.17% of the dose, respectively. 3. The results of mass spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance analysis reveal that the main hepatic metabolite is di-dephosphorylated E5564. The half-life of di-dephosphorylated E5564 in the liver is 87.4 days, which is similar to that for the hepatic radioactivity. 4. The results indicate that E5564 is rapidly taken up by the liver, is metabolized via dephosphorylation pathways to form dephosphorylated E5564 and is mainly excreted in the faeces.