gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic accuracy in patients admitted to hospitals with cellulitis (2011)

Misdiagnosis of non-infectious conditions such as cellulitis is a common error and can result in unnecessary hospitalization and antibiotic use. We sought to prospectively determine the misdiagnosis rate of cellulitis among hospitalized patients and to determine if a visually-based computerized diagnostic decision support system (VCDDSS, also named VisualDx) could generate an improved differential diagnosis (DDx) for misdiagnosed patients. In two separate institutions, attending dermatologists or infectious disease specialists evaluated all consecutive patients hospitalized for "cellulitis" by the emergency department. Among 145 subjects enrolled, misdiagnosis occurred in 41 (28%) patients. The diagnosis most commonly mistaken as cellulitis was stasis dermatitis (37%). At one center, in cases that were misdiagnosed by the emergency department, the VCDDSS included the correct diagnosis in the DDx more frequently than the admitting team (18/28 cases (64%) compared to 4/28 cases (14%), p=0.0003). These results demonstrate the capability of this VCDDSS to assist primary care physicians with generating a more accurate DDx when confronted with patients presenting with possible skin infections. Misdiagnoses may result in a significant source of healthcare costs and misdiagnosis-related patient harm. Inclusion of decision support tools early in the diagnostic workflow may reduce misdiagnosis and result in more efficient healthcare management.
LIBRARIANS AS MANAGERS: A DIFFERENT SET OF SKILLS? (1991)

The question “What is management?” is posed. A number of approaches are described and it is suggested that gut reaction and management by fear are no longer appropriate. Management skills are also examined and approaches to develop these identified.
Differentiated microdomains on the luminal surface of the capillary endothelium. I. Preferential distribution of anionic sites. (1981)

Cationized ferritin (CF), introduced systemically in vivo or by perfusion in situ, binds preferentially to certain microdomains of the luminal plasmalemma of fenestrated capillaries (mouse pancreas and jejunum). The density and affinity of binding decrease in the following order: fenestral diaphragms greater than coated pits greater than plasmalemma proper. CF binds neither to the membrane of plasmalemmal vesicles and transendothelial channels nor to the corresponding stomatal diaphragms. The distribution pattern is the same when glutaraldehyde fixation precedes the administration of the tracer by perfusion, provided fixation is followed by quenching of residual free aldehyde groups. A much smaller cationic probe (alcian blue) perfused together with the fixative reveals a similar distribution pattern. The functional implications of the association of these microdomains with structures involved in capillary permeability are discussed.
The UM/CTIO Magellanic Cloud Emission-line Survey (1999)

The Magellanic Clouds are unique in providing sites to study the interstellar medium (ISM) and its components at all scales. To promote the pursuit of such studies, we have begun the Magellanic Cloud Emission-line Survey (MCELS), a deep imaging survey of both of these nearby galaxies in the emission of Hα, [S II], and [O III]. The emission-line images will be used in detailed optical and multiwavelength studies of H II regions, supernova remnants, planetary nebulae, superbubbles, and supergiant shells. Together with parallel surveys at other wavelengths, this survey will provide the foundation upon which to build a deeper understanding of the ISM in the Clouds and other galaxies, from small scales (~1 pc) all the way up to global scales. We present a sample of recent and current work using the MCELS dataset.
A New Two-Step Ranging Algorithm in NLOS Environment for UWB Systems (2006)

It is well known that non-line-of-sight (NLOS) is one of the main factors that affect the ranging accuracy of time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation. In order to reduce the ranging error caused by the NLOS, this paper proposes a two-step ranging method. Firstly, the received signal is averaged over multiple frames to reduce additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), and then a rough TOA is obtained by detecting the peak of the correlated signal. Secondly, the two cross-correlations between the time-averaged waveform and the early-late gate signals are computed. Then an error signal can be obtained by using the difference of these two cross-correlation signals. Within the region of the rough TOA, the TOA of the first path is searched by detecting the first minimum square of the error signal. Simulation results show that our proposed method is prior to the traditional generalized maximum likelihood (GML) estimation under the NLOS environment
Synthesis and electrical conductivity of some poly[4-amino-2,6-pyrimidinodi-thiocarbamate]-metal complexes (1999)

Poly[4-amino-2,6-pyrimidinodithiocarbamate] was prepared from the reaction of 2-mercapto-4,6-diaminopyrimidine with carbon disulfide, followed by condensation through the removal of H2S gas. Five polymer–metal complexes of manganese, ferrous, ferric, zinc and mercury were then prepared. The polymer–metal complexes are investigated by elemental analyses, ultraviolet Fourier transform infrared and magnetic susceptibility. The DC electrical conductivity variation with the temperature in the region 298–498 K of the five polymer–metal complexes was determined. Doping with 5% ZnCl2 increased the electrical conductivity of the polymer at all temperatures investigated. All the polymer–metal complexes showed an increase in conductivity with an increase in temperature, which is a typical semiconductor behavior. The proposed structure of the complexes is (MLX2·mH2O)n. All the polymer–metal complexes are thermally stable, are insoluble in common organic solvents and have high melting points. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in England and Wales, 1990-8: comparison of observed with predicted mortality (2000)

By 1998 both screening and other factors, including improvements in treatment, had resulted in substantial reductions in mortality from breast cancer. Many deaths in the 1990s will be of women diagnosed in the 1980s and early 1990s, before invitation to screening. Further major effects from screening and treatment are expected, which together with cohort effects should result in further substantial reductions in mortality from breast cancer, particularly for women aged 55-69, over the next 10 years.
SYNTHESIS OF (±)-ANASTREPHIN AND (±)-EPIANASTREPHIN (1984)

Abstract (±)-Anastrephin and (±)-epianastrephin, sex and aggregation pheromenes of Caribbean and Mexican fruit flies, were synthesized by acid-catalyzed cyclization of 10-hydroxy-4,8-dimethyldeca-(3E,8E)-3,8-dienoic acid in 67% yield as a 1:1 mixture.
Profiling of micro<scp>RNA</scp>s in tumor interstitial fluid of breast tumors – a novel resource to identify biomarkers for prognostic classification and detection of cancer (2016)

It has been hypothesized based on accumulated data that a class of small noncoding RNAs, termed microRNAs, are key factors in intercellular communication. Here, microRNAs present in interstitial breast tumor fluids have been analyzed to identify relevant markers for a diagnosis of breast cancer and to elucidate the cross-talk that exists among cells in a tumor microenvironment. Matched tumor interstitial fluid samples (TIF, n = 60), normal interstitial fluid samples (NIF, n = 51), corresponding tumor tissue specimens (n = 54), and serum samples (n = 27) were collected from patients with breast cancer, and detectable microRNAs were analyzed and compared. In addition, serum data from 32 patients with breast cancer and 22 healthy controls were obtained for a validation study. To identify potential serum biomarkers of breast cancer, first the microRNA profiles of TIF and NIF samples were compared. A total of 266 microRNAs were present at higher level in the TIF samples as compared to normal counterparts. Sixty-one of these microRNAs were present in > 75% of the serum samples and were subsequently tested in a validation set. Seven of the 61 microRNAs were associated with poor survival, while 23 were associated with the presence of immune cells and adipocytes. To our knowledge, these data demonstrate for the first time that profiling of microRNAs in TIF can identify novel biomarkers for the prognostic classification and detection of breast cancer. In addition, the present findings demonstrate that microRNAs may represent the cross-talk that occurs between tumor cells and their surrounding stroma.
In vivo analysis of castanospermine, a candidate antiretroviral agent. (1989)

Castanospermine (1,6,7,8-tetrahydroxyoctahydroindolizine), an inhibitor of glycoprotein processing, has been shown to inhibit the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) with acceptable toxicity in cultured cells. In contrast to reverse transcriptase inhibitors, castanospermine targets host enzymes. We have analyzed castanospermine in murine systems, using cultured cells as well as live animals. Plaque formation by Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) was inhibited with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2 micrograms/ml. RLV-exposed BALB/c mice treated with a 20 day course of castanospermine starting 4 h postinoculation showed a dose-dependent inhibition of splenomegaly. Oral castanospermine therapy given to chronically RLV-infected mice prolonged median survival from 36 to 94 days when compared to untreated controls (p = 0.007). Castanospermine was better tolerated orally than intraperitoneally at the same dose. Toxic effects included weight loss, lethargy, and dose-dependent thrombocytopenia. At the highest intraperitoneal dose, lymphoid depletion occurred in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. We conclude that castanospermine is an active antiviral agent in animals and that prolonged oral administration is tolerable; however, when compared to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine in the same murine system, castanospermine was less active and more toxic.
Multi-Channel SQUID System for MEG and Ultra-Low-Field MRI (2007)

A seven-channel system capable of performing both magnetoencephalography (MEG) and ultra-low-field magnetic resonance imaging (ULF MRI) is described. The system consists of seven second-order SQUID gradiometers with 37 mm diameter and 60 mm baseline, having magnetic field resolution of 1.2-2.8 fT/radicHz . It also includes four sets of coils for 2D Fourier imaging with pre-polarization. The system's MEG performance was demonstrated by measurements of auditory evoked response. The system was also used to obtain a multi-channel 2D image of a whole human hand at the measurement field of 46 microtesla with 3 by 3 mm resolution.
Cellular phone based web authentication system using 3-D encryption technique under stochastic framework (2009)

This paper presents an approach to a user authentication system for web applications using JME enabled cellular phone as an authentication token. Most of the existing web based user authentication systems use user IDs and passwords to authenticate users. However, since its inception, the internet has been the witness to increasing number of attacks resulting sensitive information like user IDs, passwords and credit card details being stolen from the users' computer by a technique known as 'masquerading'. The most common attacks include phishing, spoofing, key-loggers and spy-wares with the aim of impersonating the user. Even if the authentication systems manage to protect communication channels with encryption methods and digital signatures, the information can directly be stolen from the user's Computer Terminal. To provide users with all round protection against all such attacks, we propose a user authentication system the components of which are a Computer Terminal and a JME enabled cellular phone using parallel network channel along with segmentation and clustering. An encryption algorithm is used that takes the random challenge from the web server received via SMS in the cellular phone and encrypts it using the seed value and the login password. Then, the cipher text is returned to the server via an SMS from the cellular phone which in turn verifies the authenticity of the user from the server.
Electrochemical Homogenous Catalysis of the Isoflurane Reduction in Presence of Iron(III) Tetraphenylporphyrin Chloride (2013)

A redução eletroquímica do agente anestésico inalatório isoflurano foi estudada em eletrodo de carbono vítreo na presença de cloreto de tetrafenil porfirinaferro(III) (Fe(TPP)Cl) em solução de dimetil sulfóxido (DMSO).A capacidade da Fe(TPP)Cl como potencial catalisador homogêneo para a redução de isoflurano foi testada por voltametria cíclica e cronomperometria.Revelou-se a excelente capacidade eletrocatalítica para a redução de isoflurano com sobrepotential de aproximadamente 1150 mV mais positivo do que o potencial observado para redução de isoflurano em solução de DMSO.Uma faixa linear entre 3,0 × 10 -5 e 2,1 × 10 -4 mol L -1 para a determinação de isoflurano em solução de DMSO contendo Fe(TPP)Cl foi obtida de medições de voltametria cíclica.Estimou-se o limite de detecção em 1,8 × 10 -5 mol L -1 .Um possível mecanismo catalítico é proposto.The electrochemical reduction of the inhalational anesthetic agent isoflurane was studied at glassy carbon electrode in presence of iron(III) tetraphenylporphyrin chloride (Fe(TPP)Cl) in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution.The ability of Fe(TPP)Cl as potential homogenous catalyst for the reduction of isoflurane was tested by cyclic voltammetry and chronomperometry.It showed excellent electrocatalytic ability for the reduction of isoflurane with overpotential of about 1150 mV more positive than the potential for observed reduction of isoflurane in DMSO solution.A linear range between 3.0 × 10 -5 and 2.1 × 10 -4 mol L -1 for the determination of isoflurane in DMSO solution containing 0.04 mmol L -1 Fe(TPP)Cl was obtained from cyclic voltammetry measurements.The limit of detection was estimated at 1.8 × 10 -5 mol L -1 .A possible catalytic mechanism is proposed.
Acoustic performance of woven fabrics in relation to structural parameters and air permeability (2013)

This work deals with the study of the acoustic characteristics of woven fabrics in relation to fabric structural parameters and air permeability. In order to achieve the objectives of the research, sound absorption coefficient of woven fabric samples was determined via impedance tube method. Samples with various pick densities and yarn twist were used. The effect of fabric thickness was analyzed using three and six layered test samples. Results showed that, while for all samples the minimum values of sound absorption were observed at frequency bands of 250 and 2000 Hz, the maximum sound absorption occurred at the frequency of 1000 Hz. Results also indicated that fabrics woven at pick density of 30 thread/cm exhibited higher sound absorption than fabrics woven at other pick densities. It was found that, noise reduction coefficient of three and six layered samples, woven at low pick densities showed significant increases in comparison to those woven at high pick densities. It was also established that samples woven with lower weft yarn twist absorb sound wave more efficiently. It was concluded that fabric air permeability can be used as a criterion of sound absorption behavior of woven fabrics.
Synchronization Techniques in Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (2018)

Discrete event simulation is an important tool for evaluating system models in many fields of science and engineering. To improve the performance of large-scale discrete event simulations, several techniques to parallelize discrete event simulation have been developed. In parallel discrete event simulation, the work of a single discrete event simulation is distributed over multiple processing elements. A key challenge in parallel discrete event simulation is to ensure that causally dependent events are processed in the correct order, so that the same simulation trajectory is produced as in a sequential simulation. To preserve chronology between events processed in parallel, different synchronization protocols have been devised, each carrying a cost in performance. This thesis presents techniques for reducing synchronization costs in two approaches to parallel discrete event simulation, viz., optimistic space-parallel and share-everything parallel discrete event simulation. Firstly, we develop a concurrent priority queue, to be used as, e.g., a central event queue in the share-everything approach to parallel discrete event simulation. The priority queue is based on skiplists. It improves over previous queues by incurring fewer global synchronization operations, thereby inducing less contention and improving scalability. Secondly, we study how to improve the performance of optimistic parallel discrete event simulation by disseminating accurate estimates of timestamps of future events. We present techniques for obtaining the estimates in two different methods for simulation of spatial stochastic models. The estimates allow processing elements to determine when to pause simulation with high precision, thereby reducing the amount of performed useless work. Finally, we observe that in the applications that we have studied, the phenomena of interest are often non-homogeneous and migrate over time. Due to this, the work distribution tends to become unbalanced among the processing elements. A solution is to rebalance the work dynamically. We propose a fine-grained local dynamic load balancing algorithm for parallel discrete event simulation. The load balancing algorithm reduces the number of events arriving out-of-order, thereby reducing the amount of time spent on corrective actions.
Material Property Evaluation of Thick Thermal Barrier Coating Systems (1989)

Coating system optimization is a critical step in the design and development of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coatings (TBC’s) for diesel engines. Physical and mechanical property measurements and bench screening tests were performed to evaluate the candidate TBC systems. Additional understanding of the material behavior and failure mechanisms of thick TBC’s gained from the property measurements and bench testing was identified. A specific graded zirconia (ZrO2)/bond (NiCrAlY) coating material system with good strain tolerance and fatigue resistance was selected for follow-on diesel engine durability testing.
Full text document retrieval (1971)

A full text retrieval system was designed for the responsa literature, which is a large corpus of Hebrew legal cases. The unique problems of the data base --- mixture of Hebrew, Aramaic and vernaculars, lack of vowels and punctuation, extreme language inflection problems, homographs, existence of thousands of grammatical variants of any given keyword --- dictated development of new methods. Among them we list "grammatical synthesis", which synthesizes all grammatical variants of a given keyword; "Compact KWIC", which enables the user to have a glimpse of the nature of the search before having performed it; effective citation index imbedded in full text searches; and, in general, extensive use of both positive and negative feedback within a single search run. A number of searches performed on a relatively small data base gave in each case a recall of 100%. The average precision was 34%. A KWIC of strategic portions of retrieved documents usually enables a quick disposal of non-relevant material.
Activation of Two Different Resistance Mechanisms in<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>upon Exposure to Octanoic and Decanoic Acids (2010)

Medium-chain fatty acids (octanoic and decanoic acids) are well known as fermentation inhibitors. During must fermentation, the toxicity of these fatty acids is enhanced by ethanol and low pH, which favors their entrance in the cell, resulting in a decrease of internal pH. We present here the characterization of the mechanisms involved in the establishment of the resistance to these fatty acids. The analysis of the transcriptome response to the exposure to octanoic and decanoic acids revealed that two partially overlapping mechanisms are activated; both responses share many genes with an oxidative stress response, but some key genes were activated differentially. The transcriptome response to octanoic acid stress can be described mainly as a weak acid response, and it involves Pdr12p as the main transporter. The phenotypic analysis of knocked-out strains confirmed the role of the Pdr12p transporter under the control of WAR1 but also revealed the involvement of the Tpo1p major facilitator superfamily proteins (MFS) transporter in octanoic acid expulsion. In contrast, the resistance to decanoic acid is composite. It also involves the transporter Tpo1p and includes the activation of several genes of the beta-oxidation pathway and ethyl ester synthesis. Indeed, the induction of FAA1 and EEB1, coding for a long-chain fatty acyl coenzyme A synthetase and an alcohol acyltransferase, respectively, suggests a detoxification pathway through the production of decanoate ethyl ester. These results are confirmed by the sensitivity of strains bearing deletions for the transcription factors encoded by PDR1, STB5, OAF1, and PIP2 genes.
Efficient surface-display of autotransporter proteins in cyanobacteria (2015)

The autotransporter protein antigen 43 from Escherichia coli was recombinantly expressed in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803, under the regulation of the green light-inducible promoter P cpcG2 . Antigen 43 expression was induced in response to green light, resulting in the constant accumulation of the protein for at least four days. The complete post-translational processing of the antigen 43 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The resulting antigen 43 α chain was essentially all displayed on the cell surface, as confirmed by proteinase K treatment. Although microbial cell-surface-display technology has a wide range of biotechnological applications, this is the first report of an efficient method for the display of recombinant proteins in cyanobacteria.
PARalyzer: definition of RNA binding sites from PAR-CLIP short-read sequence data (2011)

Crosslinking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) protocols have made it possible to identify transcriptome-wide RNA-protein interaction sites. In particular, PAR-CLIP utilizes a photoactivatable nucleoside for more efficient crosslinking. We present an approach, centered on the novel PARalyzer tool, for mapping high-confidence sites from PAR-CLIP deep-sequencing data. We show that PARalyzer delineates sites with a high signal-to-noise ratio. Motif finding identifies the sequence preferences of RNA-binding proteins, as well as seed-matches for highly expressed microRNAs when profiling Argonaute proteins. Our study describes tailored analytical methods and provides guidelines for future efforts to utilize high-throughput sequencing in RNA biology. PARalyzer is available at http://www.genome.duke.edu/labs/ohler/research/PARalyzer/.
Delivering Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Young Adults With Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Using a Fully Automated Conversational Agent (Woebot): A Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)

Conversational agents appear to be a feasible, engaging, and effective way to deliver CBT.