gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerating Rate Calorimetry Study on the Thermal Stability of Lithium Intercalated Graphite in Electrolyte. II. Modeling the Results and Predicting Differential Scanning Calorimeter Curves (1999)

Accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) results for mesocarbon microbead electrodes in electrolyte and a reaction mechanism to qualitatively understand the results have been previously reported in the preceding companion paper. Here, a mathematical model, based on the previously proposed mechanism, is developed in order to calculate self‐heating rate profiles. The calculated self‐heating rate profiles reproduce qualitatively the experimentally measured trends. The mathematical model for the self‐heating of this anode material in electrolyte can be used to calculate differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) profiles. Using adjustable parameters, determined and fixed by comparisons to ARC experiments, the calculated DSC profiles approximate the measured DSC profiles, suggesting the reaction kinetics are correctly represented by the model. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Biological markers in nasal secretions (2003)

Biological markers in nasal secretions provide valuable information on nasal pathophysiology. However, published data on biomarker concentrations in nasal fluids are remarkably inconsistent, and the bias due to different sampling techniques, has not yet been systematically evaluated. Concentrations of various protein were repeatedly determined in nasal secretions of 16 healthy volunteers. The proteins were detected by using: 1) alpha2-macroglobulin as a marker for plasma contamination; 2) lactoferrin as a marker for glandular secretion; 3) lactate dehydrogenase as a marker for tissue injury; and 4) interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-8, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, and eosinophil cationic protein and tryptase as indicators for tissue inflammation. A total of four different sampling methods, including nasal lavage (NL) and a new polyurethane foam sampler technique (PFST) were employed. Analyte concentrations in NL were approximately 10-times lower than in specimens obtained by PFST. Due to the unpredictable dilution during NL, various analytes were below the detection limit of the high sensitivity assays employed. With PFST, concentrations below the detection limit rarely occurred. The specimens did not significantly differ regarding plasma contamination, glandular secretion or tissue injury. The considerable variability of reported analyte concentrations in nasal secretions mainly results from different sampling techniques. To collect nasal secretions, samplers are considered superior to nasal lavage techniques.
A Novel Node Architecture for Light-trail Provisioning in Mesh WDM Metro Networks (2008)

We propose an efficient node architecture to support light-trails (intelligent-shared-wavelength bus) in mesh WDM metro networks. Simulation results and performance benefits as compared to legacy technologies are shown.
Effects of<i>Lactobacillus gasseri</i>OLL2809 and α-lactalbumin on university-student athletes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (2013)

Strenuous exercise reduces immune cell function and increases the risk of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. In addition, it affects mood state and causes physical fatigue. Athletes require both mental and physical conditioning to execute good performance. In this study, we conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the immunopotentiation and fatigue-alleviation effects of Lactobacillus gasseri OLL2809 (LG2809) and α-lactalbumin (αLA) in university-student athletes after strenuous exercise. A total of 44 university students who performed strenuous exercise daily were separated into 3 groups to receive a 4-week course of placebo, 100 mg LG2809, or 100 mg LG2809 in combination with 900 mg αLA, respectively. Before and after each dietary treatment, the subjects performed strenuous cycle ergometer exercise for 1 h. Before and after each exercise session, blood samples and visual analogue scale scores for fatigue were obtained. In addition, the mood of each subject before and after the dietary treatment was evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire. LG2809 ingestion was effective in preventing reduced natural killer cell activity due to strenuous exercise and elevating mood from a depressed state. In addition, LG2809 + αLA was found to alleviate minor resting fatigue, which was supported objectively by the significant reduction in the serum reactive oxygen metabolites and transforming growth factor β1 levels. These effects could be helpful for athletes to maintain mental and physical condition.
The concept of pertussis as a toxin-mediated disease (1984)

Pertussis (whooping cough), a two-stage process of disease (respiratory colonization and toxin-mediated disease) is caused by B. pertussis. The bacterium is unique. It is a pathogenic parasite with habitat only in human beings. Growth in the pathogenic form, both in in vitro and in vivo, requires conditions that permit the expression of pertussis toxin (PT) (also known as histamine-sensitizing factor, lymphocyte-leukocyte-promoting factor, islet-activating factor and pertussigen). The expression of growth and PT appear to be genetically interrelated. For multiplication in vitro the medium must be free of substances, such as fatty acids, that inhibit the enzymatic action required for elaboration of PT. In vivo the bacteria are uniquely localized to the cilia of the respiratory epithelium where they multiply. In situ the bacteria inhibit natural defenses of the respiratory tract (cilial, phagocytic and other activities); they tend not to spread and do not invade the underlying tissue. The extent of the areas of colonization, directly related to the number of bacteria in the infecting inoculum, influences the amount of toxin elaborated and consequently the intensity of the clinical symptoms. Other factors that influence the clinical disease are the inordinate susceptibility of the infant and genetically controlled susceptibility. A specific role for PT in the initial establishment of the infection is not clear, but it seems definite that PT-specific immunity influences the clearance of colonization in about 4 to 5 weeks. The clinical symptoms become manifest when the bacteria are waning. This clearance is influenced by the synthesis of IgA antibodies and pertussis toxin antibodies that may act by inhibiting the "enzyme" required for growth or by another mechanism. The pathology of the disease is the result of altered cellular functions of toxin-sensitized cells, not by histologic damage. PT is composed of two functional components like other exotoxins that cause infectious disease (e.g. diphtheria, cholera). Certain sites on one component enable PT to bind to specific receptors on tissue cells and enter the cell. The toxin ADP ribosylates a regulatory protein of the cytoplasmic membrane and thereby alters the function of the cell. Affected (sensitized) cells are insulin-secretory islets of the pancreas, lymphocytes and leukocytes, heart cells and others that have not been clearly identified, e.g. those that effect paroxysms and neurologic disturbances. The altered function of the cell in vitro is irreversible, and the restoration of the function of a particular tissue in vivo appears to be dependent on the renewal of the cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Synthesis of Conjugated Polyenes with Alkylanthryl and N-Alkylpyridinium Terminal Groups (1995)

The synthesis of polyenes with 3 or 5 conjugated double bonds bearing alkylanthryl and alkylpyridinium terminal groups is described. Alkyl chains of suitable length were introduced in both the anthracene and/or pyridine moiety to reduce the solubility in water thus improving the ability to form Langmuir-Blodgett films.
Hsp90 Inhibition Accelerates Cell Lysis (2003)

The 90 kDa heat shock protein, Hsp90, is an abundant molecular chaperone participating in the cytoprotection of eukaryotic cells. Here we analyzed the involvement of Hsp90 in the maintenance of cellular integrity using partial cell lysis as a measure. Inhibition of Hsp90 by geldanamycin, radicicol, cisplatin, and novobiocin induced a significant acceleration of detergent- and hypotonic shock-induced cell lysis. The concentration and time dependence of cell lysis acceleration was in agreement with the Hsp90 inhibition characteristics of the N-terminal inhibitors, geldanamycin and radicicol. Glutathione and other reducing agents partially blocked geldanamycin-induced acceleration of cell lysis but were largely ineffective with other inhibitors. Indeed, geldanamycin treatment led to superoxide production and a change in membrane fluidity. When Hsp90 content was diminished using anti-Hsp90 hammerhead ribozymes, an accelerated cell lysis was also observed. Hsp90 inhibition-induced cell lysis was more pronounced in eukaryotic (yeast, mouse red blood, and human T-lymphoma) cells than in bacteria. Our results indicate that besides the geldanamycin-induced superoxide production, and a consequent increase in cell lysis, inhibition or lack of Hsp90 alone can also compromise cellular integrity. Moreover, cell lysis after hypoxia and complement attack was also enhanced by any type of Hsp90 inhibition used, which shows that the maintenance of cellular integrity by Hsp90 is important in physiologically relevant lytic conditions of tumor cells.
Deficiency of the human mitochondrial transcription factor h-mtTFA in infantile mitochondrial myopathy is associated with mtDNA depletion (1994)

Recent studies show that patients presenting with cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency in infancy may have reduced mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in muscle. The human mitochondrial transcription factor A (h-mtTFA) may be an important regulator of both transcription and replication of mtDNA. h-mtTFA levels were investigated in cell lines which were either free of mtDNA (rho 0) or temporarily depleted by treatment with dideoxycytidine (ddC), and in tissue from three patients with mtDNA depletion and cytochrome oxidase deficiency. h-mtTFA was compared with other mitochondrial proteins such as pyruvate dehydrogenase and porin by Western blotting. The ratio of mtDNA and h-mtTFA mRNA to reference nuclear probes was measured by dual labelling of dot blots. The ratio of mtDNA to nuclear DNA in skeletal muscle was low in muscle in the three patients and in other tissues in one. h-mtTFA was low in cells depleted either permanently or transiently of mtDNA, and this reduction in h-mtTFA roughly paralleled mtDNA levels. Similarly, treatment of rho 0 cell lines with ddC induced a reduction in mtDNA as well as h-mtTFA protein. The relationship between h-mtTFA and mtDNA levels suggests that they may be causally linked. MtDNA depletion was accompanied by an increase in the level of h-mtTFA RNA in the cell lines but low levels in the patient. This suggests that either h-mtTFA regulates mtDNA levels, or that h-mtTFA expression may be regulated by a feedback mechanism initiated by MtDNA Depletion.
Incremental Path-Selection and Scheduling for Time-Sensitive Networks (2019)

Industrial real-time applications demand their communication networks be robust and deterministic so that packets are delivered with bounded delay and jitter. The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group has amended the standards of IEEE 802.3 Ethernet to support time-triggered flows of real-time applications. However, the issues of routing and scheduling are left as open problems. Specifically, majority of the state-of-the-art scheduling efforts make certain assumptions, such as assuming that the routing information is known \textit{a priori} to focus on the scheduling problem or assuming that the information of flows is known in advance. Other studies that avoided these assumptions ignore certain valuable information that could be taken advantage of to make better routing decisions, such as the residual bandwidth. In this paper, we first propose an incremental QoS-aware path selection algorithm that uses QoS measurement to route TSN flows. Then, we introduce multiple incremental scheduling algorithms that address above mentioned issues, and demonstrate their performance.
Fast Nuclear Spin Relaxation in Hyperpolarized Solid<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>129</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow><mml:mi>Xe</mml:mi></mml:math> (2002)

We report extensive new measurements of the longitudinal relaxation time T1 of 129Xe nuclear spins in solid xenon. For temperatures T<120 K and magnetic fields B>0.05 T, we found T1 on the order of hours, in good agreement with previous measurements and with the predicted phonon-scattering limit for the spin-rotation interaction. For T>120 K, our new data show that T1 can be much shorter than the phonon scattering limit. For B = 0.06 T, a field often used to accumulate hyperpolarized xenon, T1 is approximately 6 s near the Xe melting point T(m) = 161.4 K. From T = 50 K to T(m), the new data are in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction that the relaxation is due to (i) modulation of the spin-rotation interaction by phonons, and (ii) modulation of the dipole-dipole interaction by vacancy diffusion.
Azafluorenes containing two bridgehead nitrogen atoms (1987)

Four new tricyclic cationic ring systems containing two bridgehead nitrogen atoms have been synthesised: pyrido[1′,2′ : 3,4]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidinium, and pyrido[1′,2′ : 3,4]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidinium, pyrido[1′,2′ : 3,4]imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazinium, and pyrido[1′,2′ : 3,4]imidazo[2,1-b]thiazolium. In the case of the first named system the parent heterocycle has been prepared. A new, efficient synthesis of the previously described imidazo[a,c]dipyridinium cation is also noted. The synthetic route to these compounds involved N-alkylation of an azinol with 2-chloromethylpyridine and ring closure of the resulting lactam with phosphoryl chloride. In the case of uracil and 6-methyluracil Nalkylation was proved to have occurred at N-1 by unambiguous synthesis. Nucleophilic attack by hydroxide ion upon the 1,3-dimethylpyrido[1′,2′ : 3,4]imidazo[1,2-c]pyrimidinium cation led to 3-(2-acetylaminoprop-1-enyl)imidazo[1,5-a]pyridine the structure of which was confirmed by unambiguous synthesis of its hydrolysis product.
Degradation of Biodegradable Plastics in Incineration Ash (2004)

生分解性プラスチックの一般土壌中における分解については研究報告がなされているが, 焼却灰主体の埋立廃棄物中に埋設された場合の分解特性と微生物活性に関する知見はこれまでにない。本研究では, PLA, PBSA, PHB/V, PBS, PCLの5種類の生分解性プラスチック素材を, 焼却灰主体の埋立廃棄物 (A: 焼却灰+不燃破砕ごみ, B: A+コンポスト) 中に埋設した場合の分解の様子, 面積消失率, SEM観察など物理的側面からの観察を行い, その分解要因を調査した。その結果, 焼却灰中での分解特性として, 以下の点が明らかとなった。 (1) 焼却灰主体の埋立廃棄物中における分解型は, 微生物関与で生じている孔拡大型と, 焼却灰中のアルカリ成分による加水分解で生じるクラック発生型の2タイプみられた。 (2) 焼却灰主体の埋立廃棄物中において, 有機物の添加や温度上昇など, 微生物活性を高める操作を行うことによってBPの生分解が促進された。 (3) 有機物含有量の少ない焼却灰中においては, 一般土壌と同程度の分解速度を示すことがわかった。 (4) 生分解を受けたBPは, PBSA>PHB/V>PCL>PBSの順で分解が速かった。 (5) BPが生分解を受けない場合は, 焼却灰中のアルカリ成分によってクラックが生じた。 (6) 焼却灰主体の埋立廃棄物は, PBSAとPCLによって微生物活性が高められたと推察された。
Switching Frequency Reduction Using Model Predictive Direct Current Control for High-Power Voltage Source Inverters (2010)

In this paper, a novel current control approach called model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) is presented. The controller takes into account the discrete states of the voltage source inverter (VSI), and the current errors are predicted for each sampling period. Voltage vectors are selected by a graph algorithm, whereby the most appropriate vector is chosen based on an optimization criterion. However, this depends on whether the state of the system is transient or steady. In the first case, the current error should be minimized as fast as possible in order to obtain fast dynamics. In the latter one, the VSI switching behavior is optimized since the switching losses account for a large amount of the total converter losses in high-power drive systems. MPDCC has been developed for a general neutral-point isolated resistive-inductive load with an internal voltage source. For demonstration, the presented control strategy has been implemented on a small-scale permanent-magnet synchronous machine drive system with a two-level VSI. This new approach has several advantages. The most important one is that the switching frequency is reduced up to 70% compared to linear control combined with pulsewidth modulation. Second, MPDCC obtains fast dynamic responses, which are already known from, e.g., direct torque control.
Detection of clarithromycin resistance in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> following noncryogenic storage of rapid urease tests for 30 days (2011)

Gastric biopsy specimens stored in the gel of RUT for 30 days can be used for molecular testing to confirm the diagnosis of H. pylori infection and test for clarithromycin susceptibility.
The Effect of the Combined Administration of Colloids and Lactated Ringer’s Solution on the Coagulation System: An In Vitro Study Using Thrombelastograph® Coagulation Analysis (ROTEG®) (2002)

The effect of the combined administration of different colloids and/or crystalloids on coagulation is not known. We show that hemostasis is less impaired using a combination of gelatin and median-weight starches than using median-weight starches alone. Furthermore, the combination of lactated Ringer's solution and gelatin decreases the coagulation system to the same extent as the combination of lactated Ringer's solution and 6% hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.4.
Mechanisms for transcellular diapedesis: probing and pathfinding by `invadosome-like protrusions' (2009)

Immune-system functions require that blood leukocytes continuously traffic throughout the body and repeatedly cross endothelial barriers (i.e. diapedese) as they enter (intravasate) and exit (extravasate) the circulation. The very earliest studies to characterize diapedesis directly in vivo suggested the coexistence of two distinct migratory pathways of leukocytes: between (paracellular pathway) and directly through (transcellular pathway) individual endothelial cells. In vivo studies over the past 50 years have demonstrated significant use of the transcellular diapedesis pathway in bone marrow, thymus, secondary lymphoid organs, various lymphatic structures and peripheral tissues during inflammation and across the blood-brain barrier and blood-retinal barrier during inflammatory pathology. Recently, the first in vitro reports of transcellular diapedesis have emerged. Together, these in vitro and in vivo observations suggest a model of migratory pathfinding in which dynamic 'invadosome-like protrusions' formed by leukocytes have a central role in both identifying and exploiting endothelial locations that are permissive for transcellular diapedesis. Such 'probing' activity might have additional roles in this and other settings.
Measuring and improving the robustness of automotive smart power microelectronics (2012)

Automotive power micro-electronic devices in the past were low pin-count, low complexity devices. Robustness could be assessed by stressing the few operating conditions and by manual analysis of the simple analog circuitry. Nowadays complexity of Automotive Smart Power Devices is driven by the demands for energy efficiency and safety, which adds the need for additional monitoring circuitry, redundancy, power-modes, leading even to complex System-on-chips with embedded uC cores, embedded memory, sensors and other elements. Assessing the application robustness of this type of microelectronic devices goes hand-in-hand with exploring their verification space inside and to certain extends outside of the specification. While there are well established methods for standard functional verification, methods for application oriented robust verification are not yet available. In this paper we present promising directions and first results, to explore and assess device robustness through various pre- and post-Si verification and design exploration strategies, focusing on metamodeling, constrained-random verification and hardware-in-the-loop experiments, for exploration of the operating space.
A gerbil model of cerebral ischemia suitable for drug evaluation. (1980)

Cerebral ischemia was produced in the Mongolian gerbil by bilateral occlusion of the carotid arteries. Although the cerebral ischemia so produced was not total, a mortality rate of 100% was obtained if the occlusion was maintained for 60 min in gerbils weighing 45--55 gm. Few deaths were observed after 50 min of bilateral carotid arterial occlusion. Test drugs were administered, after the removal of the arterial clips, to groups of gerbils to determine the mortality rate associated with each drug. Isoproterenol 50 mg/kg, amphetamine 5.0 mg/kg, and methylprednisolone 35 mg/kg improved survival after cerebral ischemia. Atropine 1 mg/kg, thiosemicarbazide 4 mg/kg, aminooxyacetic acid 100 mg/kg, theophylline 100 mg/kg, and phenytoin 50 mg/kg were associated with a reduced survival after cerebral ischemia. The known tendency of the gerbil to exhibit spontaneous seizures and the frequency and severity of the observed post-ischemic seizures suggest that the lethality of prolonged cerebral ischemia may be, in part, related to seizures triggered by the cerebral ischemia.
How to Design and Install Bevel Gears for Optimum Performance: Lessons Learned (2013)

Introduction Bevel gears must be assembled in a specific way to ensure smooth running and optimum load distribution between gears. While it is certainly true that the “setting” or “laying out” of a pair of bevel gears is more complicated than laying out a pair of spur gears, it is also true that following the correct procedure can make the task much easier. You cannot install bevel gears in the same manner as spur and helical gears and expect them to behave and perform as well; to optimize the performance of any two bevel gears, the gears must be positioned together so that they run smoothly without binding and/or excessive backlash. Bevel gears can include straight, spiral, Zerol, hypoid and Spiroid (to address the differences between each one is beyond the scope of this guide). Because these types of bevel gears are basically conical in shape, they all have an optimum position for best performance. Usually the manufacturer of the bevel gear determines this optimum position by running tests of individual gear sets. However, the gearbox designer and assembly technician share responsibility for incorporating this optimum positioning in the gearbox. The designer must provide shimming dimensions that are easy to measure in order to aid the fitter/technician in assembling the overall gearbox. The aim of this guide is to provide instruction on how best to accomplish this.
Nitric oxide synthase generates nitric oxide locally to regulate compartmentalized protein S-nitrosylation and protein trafficking (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a highly diffusible and short-lived physiological messenger. Despite its diffusible nature, NO modifies thiol groups of specific cysteine residues in target proteins and alters protein function via S-nitrosylation. Although intracellular S-nitrosylation is a specific posttranslational modification, the defined localization of an NO source (nitric oxide synthase, NOS) with protein S-nitrosylation has never been directly demonstrated. Endothelial NOS (eNOS) is localized mainly on the Golgi apparatus and in plasma membrane caveolae. Here, we show by using eNOS targeted to either the Golgi or the nucleus that S-nitrosylation is concentrated at the primary site of eNOS localization. Furthermore, localization of eNOS on the Golgi enhances overall Golgi protein S-nitrosylation, the specific S-nitrosylation of N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor and reduces the speed of protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the plasma membrane in a reversible manner. These data indicate that local NOS action generates organelle-specific protein S-nitrosylation reactions that can regulate intracellular transport processes.