gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TELOMERASE‐DEPENDENT REACTIVATION OF DNA SYNTHESIS IN MACROPHAGES IMPLIES ALTERATION OF TELOMERES (2002)

In previous work we demonstrated that various types of cultured cells with a limited life span could not reactivate DNA synthesis in the nuclei of mouse peritoneal macrophages in heterokaryons. We now investigate the role of telomerase in the process of the macrophage nucleus reactivation in heterokaryons with immortal telomerase-positive 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human fibroblasts with introduced hTERT gene. We report that introduction of the hTERT gene into human diploid fibroblasts results in emergence of telomerase activity in these cells and the ability to induce the reactivation of DNA synthesis in the macrophage nuclei in heterokaryons. Inhibition of telomerase activity in heterokaryons by reverse transcriptase inhibitors (azidothymidine and guanosine polyphosphonate analogues) and by a 2'-O-methyl-RNA oligonucleotide anti-sense to the template region of telomerase RNA, block reactivation of DNA synthesis in macrophage nuclei without inhibiting DNA synthesis in the nuclei of fibroblasts. Our results suggest alterations (shortening or damage) in the macrophage telomere structure. As far as we know, heterokaryons with macrophages are the first cellular model for rapid investigation of the effects of telomerase inhibitors.
Single-Crystal and Electronic Structure of a 1.3 nm Indium Phosphide Nanocluster (2016)

Magic-sized nanoclusters have been implicated as mechanistically relevant intermediates in the synthesis of group III-V quantum dots. Herein we report the single-crystal X-ray diffraction structure of a carboxylate-ligated indium phosphide magic-sized nanocluster at 0.83 Å resolution. The structure of this cluster, In37P20(O2CR)51, deviates from that of known crystal phases and possesses a non-stoichiometric, charged core composed of a series of fused 6-membered rings. The cluster is completely passivated by bidentate carboxylate ligands exhibiting predominantly bridging binding modes. The absorption spectrum of the cluster shows an asymmetric line shape that is broader than what would be expected from a homogeneous sample. A combination of computational and experimental evidence suggests that the spectral line width is a result of multiple, discrete electronic transitions that couple to vibrations of the nanocrystal lattice. The product of reaction of this nanocluster with 1 equiv of water has also been structurally characterized, demonstrating site selectivity without a drastic alteration of electronic structure.
Long-term follow-up of survival of liver transplant recipients with familial amyloid polyneuropathy (Portuguese type) (2002)

Portuguese type familial amyloid polyneuropathy is a dominantly inherited neuropathic amyloidosis caused by a mutant transthyretin (TTR). Because TTR is produced mainly by the liver, liver transplantation (LT) abolishes production of the amyloidogenic variant TTR. To date, the procedure appears to halt the progress of the disease. However, long-term outcome is unknown. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the survival of our initial group of unselected liver transplant recipients with FAP. Seventy patients, 51 transplant recipients and a control group of 19 nontransplantation patients, with disease onset before the age of 55 years were included on the study. Transplant recipients were divided into two categories: (1) early series, with patients followed up for 5 years or longer, and (2) new series, with patients followed up for 1 to 5 years. Nonparametric statistical methods were used. Binary regression analyses were performed by stepwise logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard regression. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, the Cox-Mantel test. Survival analyses and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were performed from disease onset, not from LT. Significantly decreased survival was noted for transplant recipients with a modified body mass index (mBMI) less than 600 compared with the control group (P < .05). A significant difference in survival also was observed between transplant recipients with an mBMI greater than 600 at the time of LT compared with those with an mBMI less than 600 (P < .02). mBMI and age at LT had a significant impact on survival; whereas late deaths were related to age at LT, early deaths were related to mBMI. The cumulative 10-year survival rate after disease onset was 94% in the new series, with one early death (< 6 months) after LT, compared with a 78% survival rate and eight early deaths in the early series (P = .1).
Psychiatric Aide Inservice Training (1960)

The participation of Dr. Robert B. Ellsworth in this study at the VA Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, was supported by the Psychiatric Evaluation Project, Dr. Richard L. Jenkins, director. Other participants included Robert Blakemore, counseling psychologist; Carroll Whitmer, chief clinical psychologist; and Jane Ernst, chief, nursing service.
Structure-function relationships in indium-111 radioimmunoconjugates (1992)

Conjugates formed by reaction of monoclonal antibody B72.3 with benzyl isothiocyanate derivatives of four amino polycarboxylate chelators (NTA, EGTA, EDTA, DTPA) were labeled with indium-111 and administered iv to athymic mice bearing antigen-positive (LS174T) and antigen-negative (A375) human tumor xenografts. Conjugate immunoreactivities, antibody dose, and xenograft size were controlled, so that the effects of varying chelate structure could be evaluated under conditions where immunological and physiological factors were effectively held constant. Tissue distribution and excretion of the radiometal at 24 and 48 h postinjection were shown to correlate directly with chelate thermodynamic stability (NTA less than EGTA less than EDTA less than DPTA). Radioactivity levels in the blood and the LS174T xenograft increased, while kidney levels and excretion levels decreased, with increasing chelate stability. The kidney was the only normal organ that accumulated non-antibody-bound 111In, uptake of radioactivity into all other tissues, and in particular the liver, being unaffected by changes in chelate structure. Mean transferrin saturation in the tumor-bearing athymic mice was found to be 65%. It is proposed that uptake of free 111In by serum transferrin is precluded in this model, leading to the observed renal localization of unbound label. Kidney:blood and kidney:LS174T activity ratios at 48 h postinjection provided the most sensitive indices of conjugate instability in vivo, spanning 50- and 20-fold ranges, respectively, between the least stable and the most stable conjugate. It is concluded that this antigen/antibody system and mouse model are well-suited to structure-function studies of immunoglobulin labels.
Providing Hardware Redundancy for Highly Available Services in Virtualized Environments (2014)

High-Availability requires hardware and software redundancy. Virtualization is a technique - among others - for improving the utilization of hardware resources by making virtual (rather than actual) versions of hardware, operating system, etc. and collocating them on the same hardware. In virtualized environments virtual machines (VMs) are used for the deployment of the software entities. When VMs hosting redundant software entities providing and protecting some service are collocated on the same physical node, the hardware redundancy is lost and the failure of this physical node certainly leads to service outage. To achieve high availability, we need to avoid such single points of failure even in the presence of VM migration. This paper tackles this issue in the context of a standardized middleware for service high-availability.
Immunogenicity of an Escherichia coli Multivalent Pilus Vaccine in Chickens (1986)

Immunogenicity of an oil-emulsified Escherichia coli multivalent pilus vaccine was evaluated in 4-week-old chickens. The vaccine contained 180 micrograms of pilus protein from each of serotypes O1 and O78 and 170 micrograms of pilus protein from serotype O2. Chickens were vaccinated twice subcutaneously at 4 and 6 weeks old and challenged via the posterior thoracic air sac with E. coli serotype O1, O2, or O78 2 weeks after the last vaccination. Unvaccinated challenged chickens suffered 8% to 26% mortality; no vaccinated chickens died. Vaccinated chickens had very mild gross lesions in the air sacs, livers, and pericardial sacs and eliminated E. coli more efficiently than the unvaccinated challenged chickens. The results showed that a multivalent pilus vaccine protects chickens against active respiratory infection.
CVD Replication For Optics Applications (1989)

A chemical vapor deposition process has been used to replicate shapes, patterns or highly reflective surfaces in infrared transmissive optical materials (ZnS, ZnSe) and mirror materials (Si, SiC) for a variety of applications, such as ZnS domes or meniscus lenses, ZnSe lens arrays for adaptive optics and low f-number Si/SiC mirrors for space optics. Conditions for achieving a high degree of replication are specified and replication results on several different substrate materials are presented. Techniques to obtain replication on those substrates which either are attacked in the CVD environment or whose thermal expansion coefficients are considerably different from that of the deposit are also discussed.
Exploring the active site of yeast xylose reductase by site‐directed mutagenesis of sequence motifs characteristic of two dehydrogenase/reductase family types (2001)

Starting from a common tyrosine, yeast xylose reductases (XRs) contain two conserved sequence motifs corresponding to the catalytic signatures of single-domain reductases/epimerases/dehydrogenases (Tyr(n)-(X)3-Lys(n+4)) and aldo/keto reductases (AKRs) (Tyr(n)-(X)28-Lys(n+29)). Tyr(51), Lys(55) and Lys(80) of XR from Candida tenuis were replaced by site-directed mutagenesis. The purified Tyr(51)--> Phe and Lys(80)-->Ala mutants showed turnover numbers and catalytic efficiencies for NADH-dependent reduction of D-xylose between 2500- and 5000-fold below wild-type levels, suggesting a catalytic role of both residues. Replacing Lys(55) by Asn, a substitution found in other AKRs, did not detectably affect binding of coenzymes, and enzymatic catalysis to carbonyl/alcohol interconversion. The contribution of Tyr(51) to rate enhancement of aldehyde reduction conforms with expectations for the general acid catalyst of the enzymatic reaction.
Deep Residual Bidir-LSTM for Human Activity Recognition Using Wearable Sensors (2017)

Human activity recognition (HAR) has become a popular topic in research because of its wide application. With the development of deep learning, new ideas have appeared to address HAR problems. Here, a deep network architecture using residual bidirectional long short-term memory (LSTM) cells is proposed. The advantages of the new network include that a bidirectional connection can concatenate the positive time direction (forward state) and the negative time direction (backward state). Second, residual connections between stacked cells act as highways for gradients, which can pass underlying information directly to the upper layer, effectively avoiding the gradient vanishing problem. Generally, the proposed network shows improvements on both the temporal (using bidirectional cells) and the spatial (residual connections stacked deeply) dimensions, aiming to enhance the recognition rate. When tested with the Opportunity data set and the public domain UCI data set, the accuracy was increased by 4.78% and 3.68%, respectively, compared with previously reported results. Finally, the confusion matrix of the public domain UCI data set was analyzed.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystalline Materials:  Block Copolymers (1996)

As part of our research on new ferroelectric liquid crystalline materials, we present the synthesis, characterization, and physical properties of a new family of polymeric materials, namely AB block copolymers consisting of a non-liquid crystalline chain [poly(isobutyl vinyl ether)] and a chiral liquid crystalline block. The combination of both features gives rise to the appearance of interesting effects on the properties of the polymers: they show the ferroelectric chiral smectic C mesophase at room temperature with low viscosities and low birefringence, due to the presence of the non-liquid crystalline chain. The chiral smectic C phase exhibits the characteristic switching under electric fields. Its electro-optical behavior has been characterized and is different than that of the parent homopolymer. The block copolymers show the typical microphase separation of the two blocks which has been observed by small angle X-ray scattering.
Highly Sensitive, Affordable, and Adaptable Refractive Index Sensing with Silicon‐Based Dielectric Metasurfaces (2018)

Abstract A sensing platform is presented that uses dielectric Huygens source metasurfaces to measure refractive index changes in a microfluidic channel with experimentally measured sensitivity of 323 nm RIU −1 , a figure of merit (FOM) of 5.4, and a response of 8.2 (820%) change in transmittance per refractive index unit (T/RIU). Changes in the refractive index of liquids flown through the channel are measured by single‐wavelength transmittance measurement, requiring only a simple light source and photodetector, significantly reducing device expense in comparison to state‐of‐the‐art refractive index sensing technologies. A technoeconomic analysis predicts a device costing ≈$2400 that is capable of detecting refractive index changes of the order of 2*10 −8 . The metasurfaces utilized are low profile, scalable, and use materials and fabrication processes compatible with CMOS and other technologies making them suitable for device integration. The Huygens metasurface system, characterized by spectrally overlapping electric and magnetic dipole modes, offers a high degree of customizability. Interplay between the two resonances may be controlled via metasurface geometry, leading to tunability of device sensitivity and measurement range. Ultrahigh sensitivity of 350 nm RIU −1 with FOM of 219, corresponding to single‐wavelength sensitivity of 360 RIU −1 , is demonstrated computationally through use of antisymmetric resonances of a Huygens metasurface illuminated at small incidence angles.
A reverse engineering approach for software testing of object-oriented programs (2003)

Object-oriented features such as encapsulation, inheritance, and state dependent behaviour raise new problems in software testing. In this paper, we describe a reverse engineering approach for software testing of object-oriented programs. The approach is based on a graphic model which consists of three types of diagram: object relation diagrams (ORD), block branch diagrams (BBD), and object state diagrams (OSD). An ORD presents the inheritance, aggregation, and association relations among the object classes. A BBD presents, for a member function, the control structure, the input parameters and output parameters, the external data that are used and affected, and other functions that are invoked. An OSD presents the states and state transitions. These diagrams are generated from C++/Java source code and may be used to 1) provide guidance on the order to test the classes and member functions; 2) prepare member function test cases; 3) prepare test cases for object state dependent behaviours and interaction between such behaviours; and 4) provide a graphic display of coverage information to a tester.
The Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 and the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon (1991)

Replication of the Dearing strain of reovirus serotype 3 in mouse L cells was decreased 17- to 100-fold when a saturating dose of beta interferon (1,000 IU/ml) was used. Replication of the Lang strain of reovirus serotype 1 was inhibited only two- to threefold under similar conditions. It therefore appears that closely related strains of reovirus differ in their sensitivities to beta interferon treatment of mouse L cells.
A system for retrieving speech documents (1992)

An information retrieval model is presented for the retrieval of speech documents, i.e. audio recordings containing speech. The indexing vocabulary consists of indexing features that have the following characteristics. First, they are easy to recognize by speech recognition methods. Second, the number of different indexing features is small such that a reasonable amount of training data is sufficent to train the hidden Markov models that are used by the speech recognition process. Third, the retrieval method based on such indexing features achieves an acceptable retrieval effectiveness as shown by experiments on text collections. Fourth, these indexing features cannot only be identified in speech documents but also in text documents. From the last characteristic follows that speech documents and text documents can be retrieved simultaneously. Analogously, the queries may contain either speech or text. Thus, we have a simple multimedia retrieval model where two different medias are indexed coherently. We also describe a prototype retrieval system under development.
Analysis and measurement of carbon nanotube dispersions: nanodispersion <i>versus</i> macrodispersion (2010)

Abstract Because of their unique mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the basis for a wide variety of multifunctional devices and materials; many of these applications require that CNTs be dispersed and processed in liquids such as organic solvents, polymer melts or surfactant solutions. One of the most problematic issues affecting the CNT research community is the lack of standards and uniform characterization methods for CNT dispersion. A 2005 NASA‐NIST workshop aimed to address this issue and made a clear distinction between ‘nanodispersion’ of individual CNTs and ‘macrodispersion’ of CNT bundles. Unfortunately, this distinction has yet to percolate through the CNT dispersion literature. The present article seeks to elucidate and commend these concepts, identify the situations where this difference is most critical, note some scenarios where these concepts have been underutilized and posit experimental and computational characterization methods for quantifying the degree of nanodispersion. Particular attention is devoted to the controversial claims of complete nanodispersion and how such claims may be verified. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Interphases in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries: Toward Deployable Devices with Competitive Energy Density and Stability (2018)

Lithium sulfur batteries have been studied intensively because of their potential to create high specific energies that meet accepted targets for mobile and stationary storage. Substantial efforts have been devoted to improving the electron/ion conductivity of the sulfur cathode, suppressing dissolution of polysulfide, and limiting parasitic reactions of polysulfide with lithium. Less consideration has addressed the interface stability of lithium, which is critical for long-term stability of cells that utilize high sulfur loadings and minimal electrolyte volume to maximize overall specific energy. Recent emphasis on all-solid-state batteries underscores the important role well-formed interphases must play in achieving high material utilization at practical rates. We suggest that advances toward practical Li–S cells will come from strategies for creating durable interphases on lithium that limit active material and electrolyte loss and that provide greater flexibility in electrolyte design.
Distribution of Proton Dissociation Constants for Model Humic and Fulvic Acid Molecules (2009)

The intrinsic proton binding constants of 10 model humic acid and six model fulvic acid molecules are calculated using SPARC Performs Automated Reasoning in Chemistry (SPARC). The accuracy of the SPARC calculations is examined using estimated microscopic binding constants of various small organic acids. An equimolar mixture of the appropriate hypothetical molecules is used as a representation of soil and aqueous humic acid and fulvic acid. The probability distributions of the mixture microscopic proton binding constants and the intrinsic proton binding constants in the metal speciation models WHAM V and WHAM VI (Windermere humic aqueous models) are compared. The idea is to assess the predictive value of the molecular mixture models as representations of heterogeneous natural organic matter. For aqueous humic and fulvic acids, the results are comparable to the WHAM distribution. For soil humic acid, the WHAM probability distribution is less acidic for the carboxylic sites but similar to that of the phenolic sites. Computations made using the WHAM molecular distributions and WHAM VI are comparable to titration data for Suwannee River fulvic acid. These results suggest that mixture molecular models can be used to investigate and predict the binding of metal cations to humic and fulvic acids.
Substrate‐integrated waveguide filtering crossovers with improved selectivity (2019)

Two substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) filtering crossovers with high selectivity are presented. The orthogonal degenerate TE201 and TE102 modes in center square cavity are employed to realize the cross transmission and channel isolation. The offset coupling positions are then exploited for surrounding TE101-mode rectangular cavities to produce transmission zeros (TZs) above the passband in the first crossover design or for TE201-mode oversized rectangular cavities to generate one TZ on each side of the passband in the second crossover design. The footprint of first crossover has greatly been reduced, while the selectivity of both crossovers has been greatly improved. Two prototypes centered at 20 GHz are designed, fabricated, and tested for demonstration, showing good agreement between the simulated and measured results.
Dried Poultry Manure as a Nitrogen Supplement for Young Cattle on Winter Grazing. (1987)

A feeding trial with young cattle, supported by measurements of digestibility and intake in lambs, was carried out to compare dried poultry manure (DPM) with cottonseed meal (CSM) or a urea maize mix (UM) as supplements to unimproved dry season grazing. Eighty Mashona steers, aged 9 months, initial live-weight 157 kg, were divided into eight groups, one of which was used as an initial slaughter group. The remainder were grazed by day and penned overnight (119 days). Whilst in the pens they received either no supplement (C) or DPM; CSM; UM; DPM + CSM; CSM + CSM; UM + CSM. The single supplements contained 150g crude protein and the double supplements 250 g crude protein per day. All animals were offered a mineral supplement and water was available during the day. At the end of the dry season half of the animals from each group were slaughtered and half retained to measure compensatory growth. Twelve lambs housed in crates each received one of the treatments (C, DPM, CSM, UM) with veld hay ad libitum (CP 2.5%) to measure digestibility and intake.
Control of linear plants with zeros and slowly varying parameters (1967)

A reduction of order technique is developed which is useful in controller design for single-input, single-output, linear plants which have transfer functions with zeros and parameters which vary slowly compared to the response time of the plant. The controller design is based on a Liapunov-like method and employs a model reference. The reduction of order technique allows the control signal to be generated from the plant output and only its first <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n-m-1</tex> derivatives if the plant transfer function has an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> th order denominator and an <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> th order numerator and if the transfer function has <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</tex> known fixed poles.