gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical and experimental evaluation of joining silicon nitride to metal and silicon carbide to metal for advanced heat engine applications (1990)

This report summarizes the results of Phase I of Analytical and Experimental Evaluation of Joining Silicon Nitride to Metal and Silicon Carbide to Metal and Silicon Carbide to Metal for Advanced Heat Engine Applications. A general methodology was developed to optimize the joint geometry and material systems for 650 and 950{degree}C applications. Failure criteria were derived to predict the fracture of the braze and ceramic. Extensive finite element analyses (FEA), using ABAQUS code, were performed to examine various joint geometries and to evaluate the affect of different interlayers on the residual stress state. Also, material systems composed of coating materials, interlayers, and braze alloys were developed for the program based on the chemical stability and strength of the joints during processing and service. Finally, the FEA results were compared with experiments using an idealized strength relationship. The results showed that the measured strength of the joint reached 30--90% of the strength by predicted by FEA. Overall results demonstrated that FEA is an effective tool for designing the geometries of ceramic-metal joints and that joining by brazing is a relevant method for advanced heat engine applications. 33 refs., 54 figs., 36 tabs.
Concurrent sequence analysis of 5' and 3' RNA termini by intramolecular circularization reveals 5' nontemplated bases and 3' terminal heterogeneity for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus mRNAs (1993)

We have used a technique of RNA circularization coupled with polymerase chain reaction amplification for simultaneous analysis of the 5' and 3' termini of subgenomic mRNAs derived from the S RNA of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus during an acute infection of BHK cells. These mRNAs possess 1 to 7 nontemplated nucleotides of apparently random sequence at their 5' ends. The predominant mRNA species have 4 or 5 nontemplated nucleotides. The 5' termini of the mRNAs also have properties consistent with the presence of a 5' cap structure. The 3' termini of the mRNAs lack poly(A) tails, and we have shown that transcription termination occurs at heterogeneous positions within the intergenic region of the S RNA. The identification of several distinct termini in the vicinity of a putative stem-loop structure in the RNA templates suggests that transcription termination may be mediated by a structural signal rather than a precise sequence signal.
Novel separation of thallium-201 using p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene derivative (2000)

p-tert-Butylcalix[4]arene tetradiisopropylacetamide was synthesized in 62% yield. Extraction experiments in the water:butan-1-ol solvent system at 298 K in the presence of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetradiisopropylacetamide were performed. The selective extraction of Pb 2+ relative to Tl + and Tl 3+ from the aqueous solution to the organic phase in the presence of the ligand at low hydrogen-ion concentration was demonstrated. The extraction of radioactive Pb 2+ , Tl + and Tl 3+ by the same ligand was investigated as a function of the pH of the aqueous phase and the ligand concentration in the organic phase. The method appears to be very promising for use in the production of 201 Tl of pharmaceutical quality.
Sequence of gp41 <sup> <i>env</i> </sup> Immunodominant Region of HIV Type 1 Group O from West Central Africa (1997)

HIV-1 group O is endemic in the west central region of Africa, where the frequency of infection is estimated to be 3-10% of all HIV-1-infected individuals. However, international travel and immigration have led to group O cases being identified in France, Germany, Belgium, Spain, and the US. With the exception of an infected French woman, all reported group O-infected individuals originate from or have a connection to west central Africa. Since most immunoassay reagents are based upon HIV-1 group M, many HIV immunoassays have lower sensitivity for the detection of group O infections. Serum samples were collected from patients at hospitals, tuberculosis (TB) clinics, and STD clinics in endemic regions of Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea in a study of the sequence divergence with group O isolate infections. Screening of the 1086 samples using a range of research and commercial immunoassays found 255 to be HIV-1 seropositive. On the basis of differential reactivity in the various immunoassays, 8 individuals were identified as potentially being infected with group O virus, of which 4 were drawn from TB patients. 7 of the group-O samples were then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification to verify group O infection. The gp41(env) immunodominant region was successfully amplified and sequenced from 4 of the 7 samples, 2 of which were from the TB patients; 4 of 1086 samples were definitely infected with HIV-1 group O.
User-Centric Design of a Vision System for Interactive Applications (2006)

Despite great promise of vision-based user interfaces, commercial employment of such systems remains marginal. Most vision-based interactive systems are one-time, "proof of concept" prototypes that demonstrate the interest of a particular image treatment applied to interaction. In general, vision systems require parameter tuning, both during setup and at runtime, and are thus difficult to handle by nonexperts in computer vision. In this paper, we present a pragmatic, developer-centric, service-oriented framework for the construction of vision-based interactive systems. Our framework is designed to allow developers unfamiliar with vision to use computer vision as an interaction modality. To achieve this goal, we address specific developer- and interaction-centric requirements during the design of our system. We validate our approach with an implementation of standard GUI widgets (buttons and sliders) based on computer vision.
NPRF: A Neural Pseudo Relevance Feedback Framework for Ad-hoc Information Retrieval (2018)

Pseudo relevance feedback (PRF) is commonly used to boost the performance of traditional information retrieval (IR) models by using top-ranked documents to identify and weight new query terms, thereby reducing the effect of query-document vocabulary mismatches. While neural retrieval models have recently demonstrated strong results for adhoc retrieval, combining them with PRF is not straightforward due to incompatibilities between existing PRF approaches and neural architectures. To bridge this gap, we propose an end-to-end neural PRF framework that can be used with existing neural IR models by embedding different neural models as building blocks. Extensive experiments on two standard test collections confirm the effectiveness of the proposed NPRF framework in improving the performance of two state-of-theart neural IR models.
Mouse Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Reveal a Complex Pathogenesis (2010)

The mammalian immune system is remarkable in that it can respond to an essentially infinite number of foreign antigens. The ability to mount a long-lasting (adaptive) immune response against foreign antigen requires the participation of cells selected from an enormously diverse population of B and T cells. Because the B and T cell receptors expressed by these cells are generated at random, a significant percentage of B and T cells are invariably directed against self-antigen. Under normal circumstances, autoreactive B and T cells are eliminated, reprogrammed, or inactivated in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Despite these checks and balances, a small but significant number of people and animals still develop autoimmune disease. One such autoimmune disease-systemic lupus erythematosus-is characterized by the loss of B- and T-cell tolerance to self-antigens (principally nuclear), culminating in multisystemic inflammation. Multiple genetic defects, drug exposure, infectious agents, and environmental factors can contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. Loss of B- and T-cell tolerance precipitates activation of plasmacytoid and myeloid dendritic cells; collectively, these cells cooperate to form a complex positive feedback loop, continually stimulated by the persistence of self-antigen. Novel treatment strategies now focus on specific inhibition of various aspects of the feedback loop. These specific inhibitors have the potential to be more effective and lack the side effects associated with generalized immunosuppression.
Recovery of Information and Adjustment for Dependent Censoring Using Surrogate Markers (1992)

A class of tests and estimators for the parameters of the Cox proportional hazards model, the accelerated failure time model, and a model for the effect of treatment on the mean of a response variable of interest are proposed that use surrogate marker data to recover information lost due to independent censoring and to adjust for bias due to dependent censoring in randomized clinical trials. We construct an adaptive test that (i) is asymptotically distribution free under the null hypothesis of no treatment effect on survival, (ii) incorporates surrogate marker data, and (iii) is guaranteed to be locally more powerful than the ordinary log-rank test against proportional hazards alternatives when the baseline failure time distribution is Weibull. The proposed test is shown to outperform the log-rank test in a series of simulation experiments. We also prove the optimal estimator within our class is semiparametric efficient by first showing that our estimation problem is a special case of the general problem of parameter estimation in an arbitrary semiparametric model with data missing at random, and then deriving a representation for the efficient score in this more general problem.
Generation of Bessel Beam from Equiamplitude-Driven Annular Transducer Array Consisting of a Few Elements (1999)

We present a method for generating a nondiffraction beam using an annular transducer array. In this method, each element is driven with equiamplitude and with an antiphase from its neighboring elements. Theoretical and experimental analyses of an array of this type have been carried out, and the feasibility of this method is confirmed. The beam from a continuous wave is shown using radiated pressure magnitude distributions and it is shown that there exist most suitable values of the width and number of elements. When the array is driven by a burst signal, the beam propagates as a plane wave which has an amplitude corresponding to the zeroth-order Bessel function of the first kind, J 0 . Since this beam is realized by an annular array consisting of a few elements, it suggests the possibility of a transducer of this form developing into a source which generates nondiffraction beams.
Exenatide reduces reperfusion injury in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (2011)

In patients with STEMI undergoing pPCI, administration of exenatide at the time of reperfusion increases myocardial salvage.
Coherent Change Detection: Theoretical Description and Experimental Results (2006)

This report investigates techniques for detecting fine scale scene changes using repeat pass Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. As SAR is a coherent imaging system two forms of change detection may be considered, namely incoherent and coherent change detection. Incoherent change detection identifies changes in the mean backscatter power of a scene typically via an average intensity ratio change statistic. Coherent change detection on the other hand, identifies changes in both the amplitude and phase of the transduced imagery using the sample coherence change statistic. Coherent change detection thus has the potential to detect very subtle scene changes to the sub-resolution cell scattering structure that may be undetectable using incoherent techniques. The repeat pass SAR imagery however, must be acquired and processed interferometrically. This report examines the processing steps required to form a coherent image pair and describes an interferometric spotlight SAR processor for processing repeat pass collections acquired with DSTO Ingara X-band SAR. The detection performance of the commonly used average intensity ratio and sample coherence change statistics are provided as well as the performance of a recently proposed log likelihood change statistic. The three change statistics are applied to experimental repeat pass SAR data to demonstrate the relative performance of the change statistics.
Fecal Microflora in Healthy Infants Born by Different Methods of Delivery: Permanent Changes in Intestinal Flora After Cesarean Delivery (1999)

This study shows for the first time that the primary gut flora in infants born by cesarean delivery may be disturbed for up to 6 months after the birth. The clinical relevance of these changes is unknown, and even longer follow-up is needed to establish how long-lasting these alterations of the primary gut flora can be.
Can wireless power transfer benefit from large transmitter arrays? (2015)

In this paper, we illustrate the potential benefits of using large transmitter arrays for wireless power transfer. Specifically, we analyze the probability of outage in energy transfer over fading channels when the base station (BS) with multiple antennas beamforms energy to a wireless sensor node. Our analytical and numerical results show that by using large transmitter arrays, the range of wireless power transfer can be increased while maintaining a target outage probability. We also observe and quantify that by using multi-antenna arrays at the BS, a lower downlink energy is required to get the same outage performance.
Efficient Ambiguity Resolution in Wireless Localization Systems (2017)

Wireless communication is widely used for node localization in various automation domains. Schemes based on time difference of arrival (TDOA) are a good compromise of achievable accuracy and implementation effort. Due to restrictions on possible reference sensor positions in industrial environments, the geometric conditions between reference and mobile nodes locations are often difficult. Consequently, iterative algorithms can fail or result in high computational effort. Exact direct methods introduce no additional errors, but can result in a valid pair of solutions. Existing direct methods thus either rely on a priori information to sort out one of those two solutions, or revert to nonexact linearization approaches of the underlying hyperbolic equations. In this work, we present a direct approach that applies exact direct methods, and resolves the ambiguous pairs of solutions without a priori information. Its divide and conquer structure and the high computational efficiency of the available exact direct methods makes it a very good candidate for fast parallel computing in distributed sensor networks. The performance is compared to the Cramer-Rao lower bound, to the iterative Gauss-Newton method and to another direct method. The new method is presented for the TDOA scheme, but can also be applied to time of arrival, or any other range-based scheme.
A new tungsten gate process for VLSI applications (1984)

In spite of the growing demand for MOS gates and interconnections of higher conductivity, the refractory metal gate process has not received as much attention as those using silicides because it is incompatible with the Si-gate process. The metal gate cannot withstand oxidizing annealing ambients, and source-drain formation by ion implantation is difficult because of the channeling of doping ions through the gate metal during ion implantation. In a new process developed for use in MOS VLSI fabrication, tungsten (W) is used as a gate metal because degradation of SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> by annealing the metal/SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Si structure at around 1000°C can be minimized if the metal is W. Metal oxidation is prevented by using a H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O ambient for this annealing, which also allows Si to be oxidized in the same ambient. The channeling mentioned above is stopped by forming a thin layer of PSG or WO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> on the W. This gate process is believed to be a step forward toward the desired compatibility.
Thin films and surfaces (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThin films and surfacesWinifred Lewis Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1950, 27, 9, 530Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1950Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1950Published inissue 1 September 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ed027p530.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views100Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1015 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cholesterol net transport, esterification, and transfer in human hyperlipidemic plasma. (1983)

Cholesterol esterification, cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins, and cholesterol transport between lipoproteins and cultured cells have been measured in the plasma of 22 patients with primary hyperlipidemia and 10 normolipidemic subjects. In hyperbetalipoproteinemia, increase in plasma low density lipoprotein levels was associated with a reduction of cholesteryl ester transfer rates, and with a reversal of the normal direction of sterol transport between fibroblasts and their plasma culture medium. Instead of net transport from cells to medium there was a net uptake of sterol from plasma by the cells, despite a level of plasma lecithin/cholesterol acyltransferase activity that was within the normal range. In dysbetalipoproteinemia, esterification rates were increased above normal levels, but cholesteryl ester transfer was reduced and the direction of sterol transport between the cells and plasma medium was reversed, as in the hyperbetalipoproteinemic group. In hypertriglyceridemia, those subjects with cardiovascular disease showed a metabolic pattern similar to the hyperbetalipoproteinemic group. The subjects in this group without symptoms of cardiovascular disease showed a normal direction of sterol transport, normal or raised rates of cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoproteins, and an increased rate of sterol esterification in plasma that decreased towards normal levels as plasma triglyceride levels decreased. Despite their quite distinct metabolic patterns there was no consistent difference between the two hypertriglyceridemic groups in triglyceride or cholesterol levels, very low density lipoprotein composition, or electrophoretic or isoelectric focussing patterns. All hypertriglyceridemic subjects with documented cardiovascular disease showed reversed cell-plasma sterol transport and all subjects without such disease showed a normal direction of cell-plasma sterol transport. The results of this study indicate major and reproducible abnormalities in plasma cholesterol metabolism in several groups of subjects with genetically distinct hyperlipidemias, who are at risk for atherosclerotic vascular disease. The possible predictive value of sterol metabolic measurements in the analysis of cardiovascular disease is discussed.
Assistive tagging (2012)

Along with the explosive growth of multimedia data, automatic multimedia tagging has attracted great interest of various research communities, such as computer vision, multimedia, and information retrieval. However, despite the great progress achieved in the past two decades, automatic tagging technologies still can hardly achieve satisfactory performance on real-world multimedia data that vary widely in genre, quality, and content. Meanwhile, the power of human intelligence has been fully demonstrated in the Web 2.0 era. If well motivated, Internet users are able to tag a large amount of multimedia data. Therefore, a set of new techniques has been developed by combining humans and computers for more accurate and efficient multimedia tagging, such as batch tagging, active tagging, tag recommendation, and tag refinement. These techniques are able to accomplish multimedia tagging by jointly exploring humans and computers in different ways. This article refers to them collectively as assistive tagging and conducts a comprehensive survey of existing research efforts on this theme. We first introduce the status of automatic tagging and manual tagging and then state why assistive tagging can be a good solution. We categorize existing assistive tagging techniques into three paradigms: (1) tagging with data selection & organization; (2) tag recommendation; and (3) tag processing. We introduce the research efforts on each paradigm and summarize the methodologies. We also provide a discussion on several future trends in this research direction.
An enlargement method of digital images based on Laplacian pyramid representation (2001)

Abstract Since the enlargement of digital images is carried out by insertion of sample points, the Nyquist frequency of the enlarged image is naturally larger than that prior to enlargement. Hence, estimation of unknown higher‐frequency components is required for enlargement of digital images. On the other hand, Laplacian pyramid representation is widely known as a layered expression of the images. Based on this Laplacian pyramid representation, the unknown higher‐frequency components to be estimated at the time of enlargement of digital images correspond to the unknown higher‐resolution Laplacian components. There is strong correlation between the Laplacian images at different layers. Specifically, the edge information spans several continuous layers as zero crossings and hence appears at the same location. Differences in the layers are recognized as differences in gradient near the zero crossing. In this paper, this property is directly used to provide a method of obtaining unknown higher‐resolution Laplacian images from low‐resolution Laplacian images (direct method). The results of enlargement by the direct method are particularly good in the smoothly varying parts of the images, but there are some difficulties in enlargement at the edges and of details. The paper proposes a hybrid method in which the direct method is combined with the method of Greenspan, with excellent enlargement results at edges and details, after the enlargement of images by estimation of the unknown higher‐resolution Laplacian images as in the direct method. It is demonstrated by many application examples that this hybrid method is reasonably simple and is superior numerically and subjectively. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 84(6): 40–49, 2001