gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor‐β1 regulates the fate of cultured spinal cord‐derived neural progenitor cells (2008)

Transforming growth factor-beta1-mediated cell population growth was activated after treatment and was also effectively blocked by an ALK41517-synthetic inhibitor (4-(5-benzo(1,3) dioxol-5-yl-4-pyridine-2-yl-1H-imidazole-2-yl) benzamide (SB431542) and ALK siRNA, thereby indicating the involvement of SMAD2 in the TGF-beta1-mediated growth and migration of these neural progenitors cells (NPC). In the present study, TGF-beta1 actively induced NPC migration in vitro. Furthermore, TGF-beta1 demonstrated extreme anti-apoptotic behaviour against hydrogen peroxide-mediated apoptotic cell death. At low dosages, TGF-beta1 enhanced (by approximately 76%) cell survival against hydrogen peroxide treatment via inactivation of caspase-3 and -9. TGF-beta1-treated NPCs down-regulated Bax expression and cytochrome c release; in addition, the cells showed up-regulated Bcl-2 and thioredoxin reductase 1. They also had increased p38, Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, showing the involvement of both the PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK1/2 pathways in the neuroprotective effects of TGF-beta1. Interestingly, these effects operate on specific subtypes of cells, including neurones, neural progenitor cells and astrocytes in cultured spinal cord tissue-derived cells. Lesion sites of spinal cord-overexpressing TGF-beta1-mediated prevention of cell death, cell growth and migration enhancement activity have been introduced as a possible new basis for therapeutic strategy in treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, including spinal cord injuries.
Variations in paralytic shellfish toxin and homolog production in two strains of Alexandrium tamarense after antibiotic treatments (2006)

The production and composition of the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) of 2 Alexandrium tamarense strains (CI01 and HK9301) in the presence and absence of bacteria were investigated. Attempts were made to produce bacteria-free dinoflagellate cultures using 2 antibiotic treatments. Antibiotic treatment 1 (penicillin-G and streptomycin) partially killed bacteria in 2 dinoflagellate cultures, while antibiotic treatment 2 (penicillin-G, streptomycin, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin) completely killed bacteria in the 2 dinoflagellate cultures. The toxin production (total toxin yields and cellular toxin content) of the A. tamarense CI01 strain increased after antibiotic treatment 1, but decreased after antibiotic treatment 2. Except for the cellular toxin content after mid-stationary phase, the toxin production of the A. tamarense HK9301 strain after both antibiotic treatments was higher than that of the control cultures. Over the different growth phases, the toxin composition of the A. tamarense HK9301 strain changed when the bacteria were killed by antibiotics, while that of A. tamarense CI01 strain remained unchanged. Our findings suggest that the toxins from both strains are produced by the dinoflagellate cells and not by the bacteria associated with them. However, the increase in growth rates and cell density of the 2 dinoflagellates after partial and complete destruction of the bacteria from the cultures implies that bacteria can affect the level of dinoflagellate toxin production by nutrient competition. The reduction of toxin production by the axenic A. tamarense CI01 strain and the change in toxin composition of the A. tamarense HK9301 strain after antibiotic treatment indicate that bacteria could also affect dinoflagellate toxicity through different mechanisms other than nutrient competition. These potential effects need to be further investigated.
Effect of amino acid and glucose administration during postexercise recovery on protein kinetics in dogs (1997)

To examine the effect of the timing of amino acids (AA) and glucose (G) administration after exercise on protein kinetics, ten dogs fitted with chronic catheters in the artery and the femoral vein ran on a treadmill for 150 min. They were intraportally infused with a solution containing AA and G either right after (E) or 2 h after (L) the exercise. The protein kinetics were estimated using the arteriovenous difference of phenylalanine (Phe) coupled with the [2H5]Phe dilution method. The net balance of Phe across the hindlimb (HL) was negative after exercise. It became positive in E within 15 min after the start of the infusion, and it remained negative in L until the infusion was initiated. The uptake of Phe by the HL during the second half of the infusion period was higher in E than in L (10.9 +/- 6.6 vs. 5.4 +/- 2.3 nmol.kg-1.min-1, P = 0.049). During the infusion, protein synthesis in the HL was higher in E than in L (29.7 +/- 9.6 vs. 22.0 +/- 10.1 nmol.kg-1.min-1, P = 0.028), whereas proteolysis was comparable (18.7 +/- 5.7 vs. 16.5 +/- 11.1 nmol.kg-1.min-1. These results suggest that the early provision of the nutrients after exercise more effectively enhances protein accretion than nutrients administered later.
Sub-10 nm carbon nanotube transistor (2011)

This first demonstration of CNT transistors with channel lengths down to 9 nm shows substantially better scaling behavior than theoretically expected. Numerical simulations suggest that a possible explanation for the surprisingly good performance is a result of the gate modulating both the charge in the channel and in the contact regions. The unprecedented performance should ignite exciting new research into improving the purity and placement of nanotubes, as well as optimizing CNT transistor structure and integration. Results from aggressively scaling these molecular-channel transistors exhibit their strong suitability for a low-voltage, high-performance logic technology.
Interfacial Properties of Sugar-based Surfactants (2009)

Interest is growing in the development of material technologies that are based on renewable resources. The use of biomass as feedstock is of expanding industrial significance, particularly in the energy and commodities sectors. Relative to these
Elevated serum endostatin is associated with poor outcome in patients with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2003)

High pretreatment levels of S-endostatin are associated with high serum VEGF levels and poor survival in patients with NHL. Prospective studies are warranted to establish the clinical value of longitudinal S-endostatin measurements.
Gestational diabetes as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer: a prospective cohort study (2007)

We conclude that gestational diabetes is strongly related to the risk of cancer of the pancreas in women in this population, and that gestational diabetes can precede cancer diagnosis by many years.
Helicon double layer thruster operation in a low magnetic field mode (2012)

Direct thrust measurements are made of a helicon double layer thruster operating in a low magnetic field mode. The relationship between the imposed axial magnetic field and generated thrust is investigated for a radio frequency input power range 200?500?W for propellant flow rates of 16.5 and 20?sccm (0.46 and 0.55?mg?s?1) of argon. The measured thrust shows a strong dependence on the magnetic field strength, increasing by up to a factor of 5 compared with the minimum thrust level recorded. A peak thrust of 0.4?1.1?mN depending on thruster operating conditions is obtained. This increase is observed to take place over a small range of peak magnetic field strengths in the region of 70?110?G. The magnitude of the thrust and the corresponding magnitude of the magnetic field at which the peak thrust occurs is shown to increase with increasing input power for a given propellant flow rate. The ion current determined using a retarding field energy analyser and the electron number density found using a microwave resonator probe both correlate with the observed trend in thrust as a function of applied magnetic field.
Synthesis of cyclic siloxanes by the thermal depolymerization of linear poly(siloxanes) (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of cyclic siloxanes by the thermal depolymerization of linear poly(siloxanes)J. V. Crivello and J. L. LeeCite this: Chem. Mater. 1989, 1, 4, 445–451Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00004a012https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00004a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views482Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anderson localization in an anisotropic model (1993)

The phase diagram of the Anderson-localization problem in an anisotropic model which has both two-dimensional (2D) and 3D scattering is studied using a diagrammatic method. It is found that the mobility edge follows the relation \ensuremath{\theta}=a exp(-b/${\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{c}}^{2}$) in the anisotropy limit, where \ensuremath{\theta} is the anisotropy parameter which interpolates a system of two-dimensionally coupled pure 1D chains, each having a different site energy, and a system of 3D isotropic randomness. ${\mathit{W}}_{\mathit{c}}$ is the critical randomness, and a and b are two Fermi-energy-dependent constants. This behavior is different from the results of a 1D-to-3D crossover model studied previously. In that model, there exists a nonzero critical anisotropy ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\theta}}}_{\mathit{c}}$ below which all states are localized. Physical reasons are given to explain this difference.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of substituted 4-aminothianes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and conformational analysis of substituted 4-aminothianesPullachipatti K. Subramanian, Kondareddiar Ramalingam, Nagichettiar Satyamurthy, and K. Darrell BerlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 22, 4376–4383Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00335a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00335a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views184Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Requirement of microtubule assembly for initiation of EGF-stimulated corneal epithelial migration. (1991)

To understand the mechanisms of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated re-epithelialization, the roles of microtubules and microfilaments in epithelial migration were investigated using the organ culture of rabbit cornea. The action of EGF was also compared with that of fibronectin. The addition of either EGF or fibronectin increased the epithelial sheet migration. Nocodazole, an inhibitor of the microtubule assembly, alone did not affect the epithelial migration. Nocodazole antagonized the EGF-dependent increase of the epithelial migration when nocodazole coexisted during the period of delivery of the signal from EGF. However, the stimulatory action of fibronectin was observed even in the presence of nocodazole. On the other hand, cytochalasin B, inhibitor of the microfilament assembly, inhibited the epithelial migration in a dose-dependent manner regardless of whether EGF or fibronectin was present or not. These results indicated that the formation of microfilaments was essential for the corneal epithelial migration and that the stimulatory action of EGF on the corneal epithelial migration depended on the assembly of microtubules. Therefore, in corneal epithelial wound healing, the action of EGF requires the organization of both microfilaments and microtubules, while that of fibronectin requires the reorganization of the microfilaments.
Normal stress and diffusion in a dilute suspension of hard spheres undergoing simple shear (2001)

The complete set of normal stresses in a dilute suspension of hard spheres undergoing simple shear at low Reynolds number is calculated using a path integration approach for the cases where the concentration is uniform and where a small gradient in concentration is present. As expected, the normal stresses are seen to be a strong function of εs=2(b−a)/a, where b is the hard sphere radius and a is the particle radius. The normal stress differences N1 and N2, are negative while the osmotic pressure is large and positive, with Π&gt;|N2| and N1→0 as εs→∞. For εs≪1, the asymmetry in the pair distribution function due to a depletion of particles in the extensional side of a pair interaction leads to |N1|&gt;|N2|. On the other hand, for εs→∞, the additional stresslet induced when hard sphere radii touch dominates the stress generated in the suspension, and N2 becomes the prevailing normal stress difference. The self and gradient diffusivities are calculated using da Cunha and Hinch’s [J. Fluid Mech. 309, 211 (1996)] trajectory method. Numerical results for the diffusivities are in agreement with those obtained by da Cunha and Hinch for εs⩽0.08 while matching the analytically obtained diffusivities for large εs. Finally, we calculate the normal stress in the presence of a small concentration gradient and compare two models of migration for this case, namely the suspension balance model of Nott and Brady [J. Fluid Mech. 275, 157 (1994)] and the diffusive flux model first introduced by Leighton and Acrivos [J. Fluid Mech. 181, 415 (1987)]. The results show that although the two models equally describe migration in the presence of a concentration gradient for the case where b≫a (or εs→∞), the two models are shown to be quantitatively different when near-field hydrodynamics are relevant.
Performance Evaluation of an In-Injection Port Thermal Desorption/Gas Chromatographic/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometric Method for Trace Explosive Vapor Analysis (2001)

A gas chromatographic method utilizing thermal desorption of Tenax TA and sol-gel sorbent traps has been developed and validated for the analysis of trace explosive vapor with negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric detection. Sorbent tubes were packed with Tenax TA and sorbent particles prepared in-house by the sol-gel process. Thermal desorption was performed within a split/splitless injection port with minimal instrument modification. Performance was characterized by relative thermal desorption recovery, precision (reproducibility), linearity of the calibration, and method detection limits. Method validation was performed with a series of dinitrotoluenes, dinitrobenzene, trinitrotoluene, trinitrobenzene, two aminodinitrotoluenes, three nitroesters, and two nitramines. The performance of Tenax TA and the sol-gel sorbents is evaluated based on the method validation data. The method was applied to the analysis of trace explosive vapor collected and concentrated with sol-gel solid sorbent traps from the headspace of a smokeless gunpowder sample.
Essentials of Management Science/Operations Research (1979)

"Essentials of Management Science/Operations Research." Journal of the Operational Research Society, 30(1), p. 87
Evolution of paired domains: Isolation and sequencing of jellyfish and hydra <i>Pax</i> genes related to <i>Pax-5</i> and  <i>Pax-6</i> (1997)

Pax proteins are a family of transcription factors with a highly conserved paired domain; many members also contain a paired-type homeodomain and/or an octapeptide. Nine mammalian Pax genes are known and classified into four subgroups: Pax-1/9, Pax-2/5/8, Pax-3/7, and Pax-4/6. Most of these genes are involved in nervous system development. In particular, Pax-6 is a key regulator that controls eye development in vertebrates and Drosophila. Although the Pax-4/6 subgroup seems to be more closely related to Pax-2/5/8 than to Pax-3/7 or Pax-1/9, its evolutionary origin is unknown. We therefore searched for a Pax-6 homolog and related genes in Cnidaria, which is the lowest phylum of animals that possess a nervous system and eyes. A sea nettle (a jellyfish) genomic library was constructed and two pax genes (Pax-A and -B) were isolated and partially sequenced. Surprisingly, unlike most known Pax genes, the paired box in these two genes contains no intron. In addition, the complete cDNA sequences of hydra Pax-A and -B were obtained. Hydra Pax-B contains both the homeodomain and the octapeptide, whereas hydra Pax-A contains neither. DNA binding assays showed that sea nettle Pax-A and -B and hydra Pax-A paired domains bound to a Pax-5/6 site and a Pax-5 site, although hydra Pax-B paired domain bound neither. An alignment of all available paired domain sequences revealed two highly conserved regions, which cover the DNA binding contact positions. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Pax-A and especially Pax-B were more closely related to Pax-2/5/8 and Pax-4/6 than to Pax-1/9 or Pax-3/7 and that the Pax genes can be classified into two supergroups: Pax-A/Pax-B/Pax-2/5/8/4/6 and Pax-1/9/3/7. From this analysis and the gene structure, we propose that modern Pax-4/6 and Pax-2/5/8 genes evolved from an ancestral gene similar to cnidarian Pax-B, having both the homeodomain and the octapeptide.
Toward a workable policy for freshwater wetlands (1992)

WHILE working in the Maryland State Planning Department in the 1960s, I wrote an article titled “In Search of Standards for Preserving Open Space” (5) in which I raised questions that attracted considerable attention, drawing some criticism as well as praise. The point implicit in that article is equally apt in connection with current and proposed controversial programs to protect freshwater wetlands: Can any principles of economics and public policy improve these programs? Can questions of infringement on the property rights and equity of private owners of wetlands be addressed more sensibly?.

After the article was published, I began searching for a set of workable policy principles that would be broadly applicable to land preservation programs. My thinking about freshwater wetlands policy resolved when I attended the Association of

The uncertainty about what's ahead for freshwater wetlands protection leads me to offer the following three principles for consideration in moving toward a workable policy for freshwater wetlands: 1. Start with a general approach that seems reasonable to affected interests, such as landowners, developers, and environmentalists, and to the citizenry.

Move to specific policy(ies) that analysts and policymakers agree on as appropriate means (not necessarily the most …
Using SCADA Data Fusion by Swarm Intelligence for Wind Turbine Condition Monitoring (2013)

High operations and maintenance costs for wind turbines reduce their overall cost effectiveness. One of the biggest drivers of maintenance cost is unscheduled maintenance due to unexpected failures. Continuous monitoring of wind turbine health using automated failure detection algorithms can improve turbine reliability and reduce maintenance costs by detecting failures before they reach a catastrophic stage and by eliminating unnecessary scheduled maintenance. A SCADA-based condition monitoring system uses data already collected at the wind turbine controller. It is a cost-effective way to monitor wind turbines for early warning of failures and performance issues. In this paper, we develop three tests on power curve, rotor speed curve and pitch angle curve of individual turbine. To monitor the turbine performance better in daily base, it is critical to recognize different patterns of turbine health condition by fusing all the test results. We apply particle swarm optimization algorithm to determine the fusion rules more objectively and optimally. This novel approach gains a qualitative understanding of turbine health condition to detect faults at an early stage, and also provides explanations on what has happened for detailed diagnostics.
Collaborative location certification for sensor networks (2010)

Location information is of essential importance in sensor networks deployed for generating location-specific event reports. When such networks operate in hostile environments, it becomes imperative to guarantee the correctness of event location claims. In this article we address the problem of assessing location claims of untrusted (potentially compromised) nodes. The mechanisms introduced here prevent a compromised node from generating illicit event reports for locations other than its own. This is important because by compromising “easy target” sensors (say, sensors on the perimeter of the field that's easier to access), the adversary should not be able to impact data flows associated with other (“premium target”) regions of the network. To achieve this goal, in a process we call location certification , data routed through the network is “tagged” by participating nodes with “belief” ratings, collaboratively assessing the probability that the claimed source location is indeed correct. The effectiveness of our solution relies on the joint knowledge of participating nodes to assess the truthfulness of claimed locations. By collaboratively generating and propagating a set of “belief” ratings with transmitted data and event reports, the network allows authorized parties (e.g., final data sinks) to evaluate a metric of trust for the claimed location of such reports. Belief ratings are derived from a data model of observed past routing activity. The solution is shown to feature a strong ability to detect false location claims and compromised nodes. For example, incorrect claims as small as 2 hops (from the actual location) are detected with over 90% accuracy. Finally, these new location certification mechanisms can be deployed in tandem with traditional secure localization, yet do not require it, and, in a sense, can serve to minimize the need thereof.