gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Target Family and Functional Activity on the Physicochemical Properties of Pre-Clinical Compounds (2006)

The target families of greatest interest in drug discovery can be differentiated on the basis of the physicochemical properties of their pre-clinical ligands. The ligands for peptidergic targets, such as peptide GPCRs and integrin receptors, possess significantly higher median property values than those for aminergic targets, such as monoamine transporters and GPCRs. The ligands for peptide GPCRs were found to be less efficient, in terms of their binding energy per unit of molecular weight or lipophilicity, than ligands for monoamine GPCRs. The changes in the property values during the optimization process were found to vary only slightly across the target families, with the main determinant of the drug-likeness of the optimized compounds being the profile of the starting compounds. Agonists for monoamine GPCRs, opioid receptors and ion channels were typically smaller and less lipophilic than the antagonists, but there was no difference between the agonists and the antagonists for peptide GPCRs and nuclear receptors.
The Problem of Counting the Number of Molecules and Calculating Thermodynamic Properties: An Experimental Approach (1995)

Experimental procedure that counts molecules by measuring changes in the piezoelectric properties of a cooled quartz crystal as molecules of naphthalene sublimate onto its surface (the Knudsen effusion method); includes data and analysis.
Radiation Dose Reduction for Augmentation Mammography (2007)

Mean glandular dose per breast from four-view augmentation mammography with the 100-speed screen-film and Mo-Mo target-filter combinations averaged 10.7 mGy, which is 3.1 times higher than the 3.4 mGy for conventional two-view mammography of breasts without implants. In 40 years of screening, this number represents a more than tripled lifetime attributable risk of radiation-induced breast cancer--an unacceptable level. Use of faster screen-film combinations, use of Rh-Rh target-filter combinations, and acquisition of three rather than four views are dose-reduction methods that together result in a 66% dose reduction, from 10.7 to 3.6 mGy. Mean glandular dose should be kept less than 7.0 mGy per breast for screening mammography of patients with breast implants.
An iris biometric system for public and personal use (2000)

Much work in the emerging field of biometrics has focused on identification applications. Biometrics offers the means to identify individuals without requiring that they carry ID cards and badges or memorize passwords. A leading concern in the development of such applications, however, is how to avoid rejecting valid users or approving imposters. The iris of the eye may provide a solution by offering a much more discriminating biometric than fingerprint or face recognition. The authors have designed and implemented an iris biometric system for personal electronic identification. Further, their system solves problems associated with public use devices such as automated teller machines, where habituated use is not the norm. The system also addresses personal-use arenas, such as home banking, and other Internet and network applications, such as secure business logons. The article describes the public- and personal-use systems, as well as relating statistical analysis and field trials to gauge the effectiveness of their system.
Guava Fruit (<i>Psidium guajava </i>L.) as a New Source of Antioxidant Dietary Fiber (2001)

Guava (Psidium guajava L.) is a tropical fruit, widely consumed fresh and also processed (beverages, syrup, ice cream, and jams). Pulp and peel fractions were tested, and both showed high content of dietary fiber (48.55-49.42%) and extractable polyphenols (2.62-7.79%). The antioxidant activity of polyphenol compounds was studied, using three complementary methods: (i) free radical DPPH* scavenging, (ii) ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), and (iii) inhibition of copper-catalyzed in vitro human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation. All fractions tested showed a remarkable antioxidant capacity, and this activity was correlated with the corresponding total phenolic content. A 1-g (dry matter) portion of peel contained DPPH* activity, FRAP activity, and inhibition of copper-induced in vitro LDL oxidation, equivalent to 43 mg, 116 mg, and 176 mg of Trolox, respectively. These results indicate that guava could be a suitable source of natural antioxidants. Peel and pulp could also be used to obtain antioxidant dietary fiber (AODF), a new item which combines in a single natural product the properties of dietary fiber and antioxidant compounds.
An EHM System and Its Life Prediction Model (2013)

An engine health management system EHMZ which was developed for turbo shaft engines is introduced in this paper. The techniques which was utilized in the system including the system framework, statistical methods of monitoring parameters is discussed. Emphasis was put on the life damage prediction model proposed here. The system has been applied to gas turbine engines, which indicates that techniques presented in this paper are efficient.
Effectiveness of online advertising channels: a price-level-dependent analysis (2010)

Abstract In the recent past, the Internet has gained great importance as an advertising medium. The question of marketing accountability has become one of the top research areas for researchers and practitioners aiming to optimise marketing-budget allocations. This study analyses customers' behaviour by tracking advertising impressions and clicks, and compares this data with 2.7 million orders generated at different price levels. Using the Elaboration Likelihood Model, we introduce a new method of analysis for advertising effectiveness, focusing on the effect of channel presence on actual orders in certain price groups. The results show that push channels have a minor effect on sales compared with pull channels. Additionally, we show that products at different price levels can be promoted via selective advertising channels.
Fast Correlation Based Filter (FCBF) with a different search strategy (2008)

In this paper we describe an extension of the information theoretical FCBF (Fast Correlation Based Feature Selection) algorithm. The extension, called FCBF#, enables FCBF to select any given size of feature subset and it selects features in a different order than the FCBF. We find out that the extended FCBF algorithm results in more accurate classifiers.
The Arabidopsis <i>NHL3</i> Gene Encodes a Plasma Membrane Protein and Its Overexpression Correlates with Increased Resistance to <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>tomato</i> DC3000 (2003)

The Arabidopsis genome contains a family of NDR1/HIN1-like (NHL) genes that show homology to the nonrace-specific disease resistance (NDR1) and the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) harpin-induced (HIN1) genes. NHL3 is a pathogen-responsive member of this NHL gene family that is potentially involved in defense. In independent transgenic NHL3-overexpressing plant lines, a clear correlation between increased resistance to virulent Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 and enhanced NHL3 transcript levels was seen. These transgenic plants did not show enhanced pathogenesis-related gene expression or reactive oxygen species accumulation. Biochemical and localization experiments were performed to assist elucidation of how NHL3 may confer enhanced disease resistance. Gene constructs expressing amino-terminal c-myc-tagged or carboxyl-terminal hemagglutinin epitope (HA)-tagged NHL3 demonstrated membrane localization in transiently transformed tobacco leaves. Stable Arabidopsis transformants containing the NHL3-HA construct corroborated the findings observed in tobacco. The detected immunoreactive proteins were 10 kD larger than the calculated size and could be partially accounted for by the glycosylation state. However, the expected size was not attained with deglycosylation, suggesting possibly additional posttranslational modification. Detergent treatment, but not chemicals used to strip membrane-associated proteins, could displace the immunoreactive signal from microsomal fractions, showing that NHL3 is tightly membrane associated. Furthermore, immunofluorescence and immunogold labeling, coupled with two-phase partitioning techniques, revealed plasma membrane localization of NHL3-HA. This subcellular localization of NHL3 positions it at an initial contact site to pathogens and may be important in facilitating interception of pathogen-derived signals.
Study on the diagnostic system of scoliosis by using infrared camera (2015)

In this study, the radiation generated in the diagnosis of scoliosis, to solve the problems by using an infrared camera and an optical marker system that can diagnose scoliosis developed. System developed by the infrared camera attached to the optical spinal curvature is recognized as a marker to shoot the angle between the two optical markers are measured. Measurement of angle, we used the Cobb's Angle method used in the diagnosis of spinal scoliosis. We developed a software to be able to output to the screen using an infrared camera to diagnose spinal scoliosis. Software is composed of camera output unit was manufactured in Labview, angle measurement unit, in Cobb's Angle measurement unit. In the future, kyphosis, Hallux Valgus, such as the diagnosis of orthopedic disorders that require the use of a diagnostic system is expected case.
Peripheral Amplification of Multi‐Resonance Induced Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence for Highly Efficient OLEDs (2018)

Abstract Multi‐resonance induced by boron and nitrogen atoms in opposite resonance positions endows a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (MR‐TADF) emitter with a strikingly small full width at half maximum of only 26 nm and excellent photoluminescence quantum yield of up to 97.48 %. The introduction of a carbazole unit in the para position of the B‐substituted phenyl‐ring can significantly boost up the resonance effect without compromising the color fidelity, subsequently enhancing the performances of the corresponding pure blue TADF‐OLED, with an outstanding external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 32.1 % and low efficiency roll‐off, making it one of the best TADF‐OLEDs in the blue region to date. Furthermore, utilizing this material as host for a yellow phosphorescent emitter, the device also shows a significantly reduced turn‐on voltage of 3.2 V and an EQE max of 22.2 %.
Body dysmorphic disorder: diagnostic controversies and treatment challenges. (2000)

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a distressing, impairing, and relatively common yet underrecognized disorder. This clinically focused article discusses the following diagnostic controversies and challenges associated with BDD: the underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of BDD, the relationship between BDD and obsessive-compulsive disorder, the relationship between BDD and depression, the delusionality controversy, and whether BDD can be diagnosed in children and adolescents. This article also discusses treatment controversies and challenges associated with serotonin reuptake inhibitors, antipsychotics, cognitive-behavioral therapy, approaches to treatment-resistant BDD, and getting reluctant patients to accept psychiatric treatment.
<title>Multiresolution video indexing for subband coded video databases</title> (1994)

In this paper we present a multiresolution approach for video indexing and feature matching of subband coded video databases. Subband coding refers to a coding technique where the input images are quantized after being decomposed into several narrow spatial frequency bands by filtering and decimation. Five different approaches were tested for scene change detection which is applied only on the lowest subband for computational efficiency. Two kinds of scene changes, abrupt and smoothly accumulated scene changes, mark the beginning of new scene segments. An index for each scene segment is the histogram of two representative frames, which we take to be the first and the last frame of the scene for simplicity. Using the approach of query by example, the index matching algorithm takes a multi-resolution approach by hierarchically comparing histograms at different resolutions. The search algorithm for the match between example query and its target scene segment starts from the coarsest resolution, and moves to the next finer resolution until a single match is obtained or the finest resolution is reached. Experimental results are presented, and the proposed indexing technique appears to be promising for its computational efficiency and its inherent hierarchical search procedure.
Pharmacokinetics of Multiple‐Dose Oral Cilostazol in Middle‐Age and Elderly Men and Women (1998)

Cilostazol is being developed for the treatment of intermittent claudication due to peripheral arterial disease (PAD). This study was conducted to investigate the effects of age and gender on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol after multiple-dose administration. It was an open label, multiple-dose study of cilostazol administered to male and female subjects 50 years of age and older at a dose of 100 mg (oral tablet) twice daily for 7 days. Equal numbers of healthy male and female (7 per group), nonsmoking subjects stratified into age groups of 50 to 59 years, 60 to 69 years, and 70 years or older were enrolled. Serial plasma samples were obtained. Data were analyzed by model-independent methods. Cilostazol was absorbed at a moderate rate, with peak plasma concentrations occurring at an overall mean of 2.4 hours after administration. Cilostazol is extensively bound (95%), primarily to albumin. A trend toward increasing cilostazol free fraction with age was observed in the male subjects, which was explained by a decrease in plasma albumin concentration with age. Differences in plasma protein binding between age and gender groups (less than 15%) are not expected to have any clinical significance. Plasma cilostazol concentrations reached steady state by day 4. The pharmacokinetic characteristics of cilostazol were not affected by age or gender.
Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition: Theory, Algorithms, and Applications (2013)

Visual Computing for Medicine, Second Edition, offers cutting-edge visualization techniques and their applications in medical diagnosis, education, and treatment. The book includesalgorithms, applications, and ideas on achieving reliability of results and clinical evaluation of the techniques covered. Preim and Botha illustrate visualization techniques fromresearch, but also cover the information required to solve practical clinical problems. They base the book on several years of combined teaching and research experience. This new edition includes six new chapters on treatment planning, guidance and training; an updated appendix on software support for visual computing for medicine; and a new global structure that better classifies and explains the major lines of work in the field. Complete guide to visual computing in medicine, fully revamped and updated with new developments in the fieldIllustrated in full colorIncludes a companion website offering additional content for professors, source code, algorithms, tutorials, videos, exercises, lessons, and more
[<sup>14</sup>C]Leucine Incorporation into Brain Proteins in Gerbils After Transient Ischemia: Relationship to Selective Vulnerability of Hippocampus (1991)

Regional [14C]leucine incorporation into brain proteins was studied in gerbils after global ischemia for 5 min and recirculation times of 45 min to 7 days, using a combination of quantitative autoradiography and biochemical analysis. After recirculation for 45 min, incorporated radioactivity was reduced to approximately 20-40% of control values in all ischemic brain regions. Specific activity of the tracer, in contrast, was increased, a finding indicating that the reduced incorporation of radioactivity was not due to reduced tracer influx from plasma or a dilution of the tracer by increased proteolysis. After recirculation for 6 h, [14C]leucine incorporation returned to control levels in all regions except the CA1 sector of the hippocampus, where it amounted to less than 50%. After 1 day, protein synthesis in the CA1 sector returned to approximately 70% of control values, followed by a secondary decline to less than 50% after 3 days and returned to near control values after 7 days. Histological evaluations revealed selective neuronal death in the CA1 sector of the hippocampus after 3 days of recirculation. The complex time course of protein synthesis in the CA1 sector suggests a biphasic mode of injury, which may be related to similar changes of calcium homeostasis. The final return to near normal after CA1 neurons have disappeared is explained by astroglial proliferation and demonstrates that at this time protein synthesis is not a marker of neuronal viability.
Isolation and Characterization of Thermosensitive Mutants from Kilham Rat Virus, a Rodent Parvovirus (1988)

Thermosensitive mutants were isolated from nitrous acid-treated Kilham rat virus (KRV). At a restrictive temperature (39.5 degrees C), the mutants tested did not produce appreciable amounts of infectious particles, haemagglutinin or progeny single-stranded DNA. Virus antigen accumulation as detected by immunoperoxidase was reduced. Complementation tests revealed two distinct groups. The three members of complementation group 1 synthesized normal amounts of replicative forms but were restricted in single-stranded DNA production and capsid protein expression, exhibiting phenotypes compatible with cap mutations. The sole representative of group 2, KRV ts6, failed to accumulate replicative forms, displaying a rep- phenotype. These mutants provide new tools to test the role of viral products in the biology of autonomous parvoviruses.
Confirmation of Aluminum-Induced Negative Charge in Thermally Oxidized Silicon Wafers Using AC Surface Photovoltage Method (1994)

The ac surface photovoltage (SPV) technique is applied for detecting the polarity of charge in thermally-oxidized silicon (Si) wafers, in which aluminum (Al) is deliberately incorporated in the native oxide. Upon thermal oxidation, most of the Al is contained in the oxide and it segregates at the very top of the oxide layer. With the increase of Al concentration in the oxide, ac SPV appears and increases for oxidized n-type Si wafers, whereas in p-type Si it decreases, indicating that Al acts as a negative charge by forming the (AlOSi) - network and compensates the positive fixed oxide charge. With the removal of the surface layer, for n-type Si, ac SPV disappears, whereas for p-type Si, it appears because the net positive fixed oxide charge becomes dominant.
Interleukin 4 induces changes in the chromatin structure of the gamma 1 switch region in resting B cells before switch recombination. (1990)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) can induce the expression of IgG1 in sIgG- murine B cells stimulated with mitogens or through a cognate interaction with T helper (Th) cells. We have investigated the molecular basis for the IL-4-induced switch to IgG1 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine B cells and have previously shown that IL-4 induces transcription of the gamma 1 switch region before switch recombination. We now demonstrate that IL-4 induces a DNase I hypersensitive site at the 5' end of the gamma 1 switch region in resting B cells. LPS is not required, but it enhances induction. Hence, the interaction of IL-4 with its receptor results in increased accessibility of the gamma 1 switch region. The more open chromatin structure and increased transcriptional activity may be important in the selection of this region for switch recombination.
Dual targeting of <i>Myxococcus xanthus</i> protoporphyrinogen oxidase into chloroplasts and mitochondria and high level oxyfluorfen resistance (2004)

ABSTRACT Much attention has been paid to the signal sequences of eukaryotic protoporphyrinogen oxidases (protoxes); both the organelles targeted by protoxes and the role of protoxes in conferring resistance against protox‐inhibiting herbicides, such as oxyfluorfen, have been examined. However, there have been no reports on the translocation of prokaryotic protoxes. This study investigated the targeting ability of Myxococcus xanthus protox in vitro and in vivo . In an in vitro translocation assay using a dual import system, M . xanthus protein was detected in chloroplasts and mitochondria, suggesting that the M . xanthus protox protein was targeted into both organelles. In order to confirm the in vitro dual targeting ability of M . xanthus , we used a stable transgenic strategy to investigate dual targeting in vivo . In transgenic rice plants overexpressing M . xanthus protox, M . xanthus protox antibody cross‐reacted with proteins with predicted molecular masses of 50 kDa from both chloroplasts and mitochondria, and this in vivo transgene expression corresponded to a prominent increase in chloroplastic and mitochondrial protox activity. Seeds from the transgenic lines M4 and M7 germinated in solid Murashige and Skoog media of up to 500 µ m of oxyfluorfen, whereas wild‐type seeds did not germinate in 1 µ m . After 4‐week‐old‐rice plants were treated with oxyfluorfen for 3 d, lines M4 and M7 exhibited normal growth, whereas the wild‐type line was severely bleached and necrotized. The herbicidal resistance is attributed to the insignificant accumulation of photodynamic protoporphyrin IX in cytosol because the high chloroplastic and mitochondrial protox activity in oxyfluorfen‐treated transgenic lines, compared with that in oxyfluorfen‐treated and untreated wild‐type plants, metabolizes protoporphyrinogen IX to chlorophyll and heme. A practical application of the dual targeting of M . xanthus protox for obtaining outstanding resistance to peroxidizing herbicides is discussed.
Adaptive Probabilistic Model for Ranking Code-Based Static Analysis Alerts (2007)

Software engineers tend to repeat mistakes when developing software. Automated static analysis tools can detect some of these mistakes early in the software process. However, these tools tend to generate a significant number of false positive alerts. Due to the need for manual inspection of alerts, the high number of false positives may make an automated static analysis tool too costly to use. In this research, we propose to rank alerts generated from automated static analysis tools via an adaptive model that predicts the probability an alert is a true fault in a system. The model adapts based upon a history of the actions the software engineer has taken to either filter false positive alerts or fix true faults. We hypothesize that by providing this adaptive ranking, software engineers will be more likely to act upon highly ranked alerts until the probability that remaining alerts are true positives falls below a subjective threshold.
Interference of Glucose Sensing by Amino Acids (1994)

Interference by membrane permeable substances on non-specific electrodes is a major problem in glucose sensing. Alanine, lysine, phenylalanine, and cystine were chosen for study to gain insight into this problem. These compounds represent the classes of mono-amino aliphatic, di-amino aliphatic, aromatic, and sulfur containing amino acids, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed using a Pt electrode (1.77 mm2). The reductive current of glucose at −0.750 V versus Ag/AgCl was measure with increasing concentrations of interfering substances in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) at 37°C. Experimental results have shown that these amino acids have an inhibitory effect on the glucose signal. An important finding was that the interferences from phenylalanine and cystine were more pronounced than those of lysine and alanine. An initial drop in the glucose signal was seen at less than 2.0 mg/dl of alanine or lysine and at less than 0.5 mg/dl of phenylalanine or cystine. Additional increase in the concentrations of interfering substance did not cause further appreciable signal reduction. The results confirm that glucose sensing using a non-specific electrode is possible in fluids containing interfering substances such as amino acids.