gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protective head-cooling during cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation: the original animal studies (2010)

Prolonged standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) does not reliably sustain brain viability during cardiac arrest. Pre-hospital adjuncts to standard CPR are needed in order to improve outcomes. A preliminary dog study demonstrated that surface cooling of the head during arrest and CPR can achieve protective levels of brain hypothermia (30°C) within 10 minutes. We hypothesized that protective head-cooling during cardiac arrest and CPR improves neurological outcomes. Twelve dogs under light ketamine-halothane-nitrous oxide anesthesia were arrested by transthoracic fibrillation. The treated group consisted of six dogs whose shaven heads were moistened with saline and packed in ice immediately after confirmation of ventricular fibrillation. Six control dogs remained at room temperature. All 12 dogs were subjected to four minutes of ventricular fibrillation and 20 minutes of standard CPR. Spontaneous circulation was restored with drugs and countershocks. Intensive care was provided for five hours post-arrest and the animals were observed for 24 hours. In both groups, five of the six dogs had spontaneous circulation restored. After three hours, mean neurological deficit was significantly lower in the treated group (P=0.016, with head-cooled dogs averaging 37% and the normothermic dogs 62%). Two of the six head-cooled dogs survived 24 hours with neurological deficits of 9% and 0%, respectively. None of the control group dogs survived 24 hours. We concluded that head-cooling attenuates brain injury during cardiac arrest with prolonged CPR. We review the literature related to the use of hypothermia following cardiac arrest and discuss some promising approaches for the pre-hospital setting.
Bifurcation of Pseudorange Equations (1993)

Given four measured pseudoranges, a position-bias
pair almost always exists which exactly satisfies all
four pseudorange equations. In this paper, we study
such exact solutions, with a focus on the question
of solution uniqueness. We show that GPS solu-
tions may bifurcate into two solutions, each so-
lution exactly reproducing the pseudoranges. We
also propose simple geometric conditions for so
lution uniqueness. The conditions are developed
by analyzing a direct ,solution to the pseudorange
equations, and involves the sign of a Lorentz inner
product. As a side benefit, the difference between
ranging systems and pseudoranging systems is made
clear. Finally, examples are given showing that a bi-
furcation can occur when the user is near a satellite
or pseudolite, independent of GDOP.
PNeuro: A scalable energy-efficient programmable hardware accelerator for neural networks (2018)

Artificial intelligence and especially Machine Learning recently gained a lot of interest from the industry. Indeed, new generation of neural networks built with a large number of successive computing layers enables a large amount of new applications and services implemented from smart sensors to data centers. These Deep Neural Networks (DNN) can interpret signals to recognize objects or situations to drive decision processes. However, their integration into embedded systems remains challenging due to their high computing needs. This paper presents PNeuro, a scalable energy-efficient hardware accelerator for the inference phase of DNN processing chains. Simple programmable processing elements architectured in SIMD clusters perform all the operations needed by DNN (convolutions, pooling, non-linear functions, etc.). An FDSOI 28 nm prototype shows an energy efficiency of 700 GMACS/s/W at 800 MHz. These results open important perspectives regarding the development of smart energy-efficient solutions based on Deep Neural Networks.
Developments in and practical guidelines for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2011)

This feature review provides an overview of the state-of the art and recent developments in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), in-depth information about the different available types of instruments including their (dis-)advantages and capabilities as well as a short glance at a number of samples that have recently been investigated using TERS. Issues concerning the progression of TERS from point spectroscopy to an imaging technique are discussed, as well as problems arising from background and contamination signals. This review is concluded with a short TERS 'user guideline', trying to aid researchers new in the field to properly align and test their own TERS setups. Finally, a short outlook is given and some critical issues are raised that need to be solved by the community sooner or later, in order to promote TERS towards a 'push-button' operation.
Sex Differentiation and Germ Cell Production in Chimeric Pigs Produced by Inner Cell Mass Injection into Blastocysts (2004)

This study aimed at collecting background knowledge for chimeric pig production. We analyzed the genetic sex of the chimeric pigs in relation to phenotypic sex as well as to functional germ cell formation. Chimeric pigs were produced by injecting Day 6 or Day 7 inner cell mass (ICM) cells into Day 6 blastocysts. Approximately 20% of the piglets born from the injected blastocysts showed overt coat color chimerism regardless of the embryonic stage of donor cells. The male:female sex ratio was 7:2 and 6:1 in the chimeras derived from Day 6 and Day 7 ICM cells, respectively, showing an obvious bias toward males. When XX donor cells were injected into XY blastocysts at the same embryonic stage, the phenotypic sex of the resulting chimera was male with no germ-line cells formed from the donor cell lineage. On the other hand, when the donor was XY and the recipient blastocyst was XX, the phenotypic sex of the chimera was male, and germ-line cells were derived only from the donor cells. The combination of XY donor cells and XY blastocysts produced some chimeras in which the donor cell lineage did not contribute to germ-line formation even when it appeared in coat color. When the embryonic stage of the donor was advanced by 1 day in the XY-XY combination, 100% of the germ-line cells of the chimeras were derived from the donor cell lineage. These data showed that characteristics of sex differentiation and germ cell formation in chimeric pigs are similar to those in chimeric mice.
Transformation of Astrocytes to a Neuroprotective Phenotype by Microglia via P2Y1 Receptor Downregulation (2017)

Microglia and astrocytes become reactive following traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the coordination of this reactivity and its relation to pathophysiology are unclear. Here, we show that microglia transform astrocytes into a neuroprotective phenotype via downregulation of the P2Y<sub>1</sub> purinergic receptor. TBI initially caused microglial activation in the injury core, followed by reactive astrogliosis in the peri-injured region and formation of a neuroprotective astrocyte scar. Equivalent changes to astrocytes were observed in vitro after injury. This change in astrocyte phenotype resulted from P2Y<sub>1</sub> receptor downregulation, mediated by microglia-derived cytokines. In mice, astrocyte-specific P2Y<sub>1</sub> receptor overexpression (Astro-P2Y<sub>1</sub>OE) counteracted scar formation, while astrocyte-specific P2Y<sub>1</sub> receptor knockdown (Astro-P2Y<sub>1</sub>KD) facilitated scar formation, suggesting critical roles of P2Y<sub>1</sub> receptors in the transformation. Astro-P2Y<sub>1</sub>OE and Astro-P2Y<sub>1</sub>KD mice showed increased and reduced neuronal damage, respectively. Altogether, our findings indicate that microglia-astrocyte interaction, involving a purinergic signal, is essential for the formation of neuroprotective astrocytes.
The First New Science (2002)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Extracting fetal heart signal from noisy maternal ECG by multivariate singular spectrum analysis (2010)

Fetal heart rate and its beat-to-beat variability are two important indications about the health and condition of the fetus. The observed maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal consists of mother heart signal and fetal heart signal and is often very noisy. In this paper, we propose a multivariate singular spectrum analysis (MSSA) for extracting and separating the mother heart signal, the fetal heart signal and the noise component from the combined ECGs. The proposed method is designed to cope with noisy recordings, which is an important limitation of several approaches proposed in the literature. To validate the proposed algorithm some noisy simulated signals are used. The performance of the technique is also examined using real-life signals.
Low-affinity heparin stimulates the inactivation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 by thrombin (1994)

The influence of heparin on the reaction between thrombin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) has been examined. With a 50- fold excess of PAI-1, the rate constant for the inhibition of thrombin was 458 mol/L-1s-1, which increased to 5,000 mol/L-1s-1 in the presence of 25 micrograms/mL unfractionated heparin or heparin with low affinity for antithrombin. The effect of low affinity heparin was then examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, using close to equimolar concentrations of reactants. Thrombin and PAI-1 formed a stable stoichiometric complex in the absence of heparin, which did not dissociate after the addition of 25 micrograms/mL low-affinity heparin. In contrast, when low-affinity heparin was added at the beginning of the reaction, there was an initial increase in PAI-1- thrombin complex formation, but this was rapidly followed by substantial proteolytic cleavage of unreacted PAI-1 and of the thrombin- PAI-1 complex. The idea that the relative concentrations of thrombin and PAI-1, and the presence of low affinity heparin, could influence the products of the reaction was examined in detail. Quantitative zymographic analysis of tissue plasminogen activator and PAI-1 activities and chromogenic substrate assay of thrombin activity showed that low-affinity heparin stimulated the inactivation of PAI-1 by an equimolar amount of thrombin, but caused only a minimal stimulation of thrombin inhibition. It is concluded that low-affinity heparin stimulates thrombin inhibition when PAI-1 is in excess, but, unexpectedly, that low-affinity heparin enhances PAI-1 inactivation when thrombin is equimolar to PAI-1.
Radiation Chemistry of Carbohydrates, XV OH Radical Induced Scission of the Glycosidic Bond in Disaccharides (1977)

Abstract In the γ-radiolysis of deoxygenated, N 2 O-saturated aqueous solutions of maltose, lactose, gentiobiose, melibiose, trehalose and sucrose carbohydrate products containing five or six carbon atoms have been identified and their G-values measured. These products originate from the OH radical induced scission of the glycosidic bond of the disaccharides. The nature of the products is in agreement with a reaction scheme proposed previously for the radical induced scission of the glycosidic bond of cellobiose. It involves hydrolysis and the rearrangements of radicals with the free spin next to the glycosidic bond and to the lactol bridge. The nature the glycosidic bond (α, β, 1-4, 1-6, 1-1, 1, 2) has only little influence on the G-values of its scission which range between about 1.9 and 3.5.
Immunological investigations in chronic simple glaucoma. (1978)

Serum immunoglobulins and antinuclear antibodies were estimated in 225 patients, including cases of chronic simple glaucoma, "low tension glaucoma", and ocular hypertension. The results showed that, while the mean levels of immunoglobulins Ig A and Ig M were not significantly higher in patients with glaucoma than a control series of normal adults, the mean level of Ig G was higher in those with chronic simple glaucoma. There was no clear relationship between Ig G levels and the severity of the disease as judged by the visual fields and optic disc changes. Antinuclear antibodies were found in a larger proportion of patients with chronic simple glaucoma and ocular hypertension as compared to the normal population, but there was no correlation with the severity of the disease. The incidence of other non-organ-specific and organ-specific autoantibodies was not significantly different from that of the control group. Although these results suggest an association of raised levels of Ig G and a higher incidence of antinuclear antibodies in patients with glaucoma, the evidence is insufficient to suggest that disorders of the immune system have an aetiological significance in chronic simple glaucoma.
Organization and sequence of the human <i>α</i>-lactalbumin gene (1987)

A recombinant bacteriophage containing the entire alpha-lactalbumin gene was isolated from a human genomic library constructed in bacteriophage lambda L47. Within this recombinant the 2.5 kb alpha-lactalbumin gene is flanked by about 5 kb of sequence on either side. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene and its immediate flanking sequences were determined and compared with those of the rat alpha-lactalbumin gene. These studies showed that the size, organization and sequence of the exons have been highly conserved, whereas the introns have diverged considerably. In particular, the first intron of the human gene was found to contain an Alu repetitive sequence not present in the rat. A high degree of homology (67%) was also observed in the 5' flanking regions, extending as far as 655 nucleotide residues upstream of the transcriptional initiation site. Comparison of the 5' flanking sequences of these two alpha-lactalbumin genes with those of five casein genes has revealed the presence of a highly conserved region [consensus sequence: RGAAGRAAA(N)TGGACAGAAATCAA(CG)TTTCTA], extending from position -140 to -110 in all seven sequences examined, suggesting a possible regulatory role in the hormonal control or tissue-specific expression of milk protein genes in the mammary gland.
Liquid membrane processes for gallium recovery from alkaline solutions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid membrane processes for gallium recovery from alkaline solutionsFu-Fang Zha, Anthony G. Fane, and Christopher J. D. FellCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 5, 1799–1809Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00044a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00044a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views212Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Control of Actinomycin D Biosynthesis in<i>Streptomyces parvullus</i>: Regulation of Tryptophan Oxygenase Activity (1981)

Tryptophan oxygenase (tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase) activity increases immediately before the initiation of actinomycin D production by Streptomyces parvullus. We have attempted to discern whether this increase is due to a release from catabolite repression or to the synthesis of an inducer substance. The standard culture medium (glutamic acid-histidine-fructose medium) used in antibiotic production studies with S. parvullus contains l-glutamate as a major constituent. l-Glutamate is almost totally consumed before the onset of actinomycin D synthesis. The addition of 10 mM l-glutamate at this stage completely abolished actinomycin D production as well as tryptophan oxygenase synthesis. Fourteen amino acids were tested for a similar effect. Of these, l-glutamate and l-aspartate had the most dramatic effect on tryptophan oxygenase and beta-galactosidase (beta-d-galactosidase), another inducible enzyme. Standard glutamic acid-histidine-fructose medium, preincubated for 23 h to remove l-glutamate, allowed the synthesis of actinomycin D and tryptophan oxygenase by cells at a stage of growth normally considered too early for antibiotic production. A chemically defined medium lacking l-glutamate and adjusted to pH 8.0 was designed to simulate the preincubation medium. The transfer of cells to this artificial preincubation medium resulted in the appearance of tryptophan oxygenase as early as 19 h before normal synthesis occurred, eliminating the possibility that an inducer molecule is synthesized and excreted during the preincubation period. The results of these studies suggest that the increase in tryptophan oxygenase activity before the onset of actinomycin D synthesis, as well as the synthesis of actinomycin D itself, is due to a release from l-glutamate catabolite repression.
The parafibromin tumor suppressor protein inhibits cell proliferation by repression of the <i>c-myc</i> proto-oncogene (2008)

Parafibromin is a tumor suppressor protein encoded by HRPT2, a gene recently implicated in the hereditary hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, parathyroid cancer, and a subset of kindreds with familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. Human parafibromin binds to RNA polymerase II as part of a PAF1 transcriptional regulatory complex. The physiologic targets of parafibromin and the mechanism by which its loss of function can lead to neoplastic transformation are poorly understood. We show here that RNA interference with the expression of parafibromin or Paf1 stimulates cell proliferation and increases levels of the c-myc proto-oncogene product, a DNA-binding protein and established regulator of cell growth. This effect results from both c-myc protein stabilization and activation of the c-myc promoter, without alleviation of the c-myc transcriptional pause. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrates the occupancy of the c-myc promoter by parafibromin and other PAF1 complex subunits in native cells. Knockdown of c-myc blocks the proliferative effect of RNA interference with parafibromin or Paf1 expression. These experiments provide a previously uncharacterized mechanism for the anti-proliferative action of the parafibromin tumor suppressor protein resulting from PAF1 complex-mediated inhibition of the c-myc proto-oncogene.
Design and Analysis Issues in Quantitative Proteomics Studies (2007)

Quantitative proteomics is the comparison of distinct proteomes which enables the identification of protein species which exhibit changes in expression or post-translational state in response to a given stimulus. Many different quantitative techniques are being utilized and generate large datasets. Independent of the technique used, these large datasets need robust data analysis to ensure valid conclusions are drawn from such studies. Approaches to address the problems that arise with large datasets are discussed to give insight into the types of statistical analyses of data appropriate for the various experimental strategies that can be employed by quantitative proteomic studies. This review also highlights the importance of employing a robust experimental design and highlights various issues surrounding the design of experiments. The concepts and examples discussed within will show how robust design and analysis will lead to confident results that will ensure quantitative proteomics delivers.
Scene understanding: perception, multi-sensor fusion, spatio-temporal reasoning and activity recognition. (2007)

Scene understanding is the process, often real time, of perceiving, analysing and elaborating an interpretation of a 3D dynamic scene observed through a network of sensors. This process consists mainly in matching signal information coming from sensors observing the scene with models which humans are using to understand the scene. Based on that, scene understanding is both adding and extracting semantic from the sensor data characterizing a scene. This scene can contain a number of physical objects of various types (e.g. people, vehicle) interacting with each others or with their environment (e.g. equipment) more or less structured. The scene can last few instants (e.g. the fall of a person) or few months (e.g. the depression of a person), can be limited to a laboratory slide observed through a microscope or go beyond the size of a city. Sensors include usually cameras (e.g. omni directional, infrared), but also may include microphones and other sensors (e.g. optical cells, contact sensors, physiological sensors, radars, smoke detectors). Scene understanding is influenced by cognitive vision and it requires at least the melding of three areas: computer vision, cognition and software engineering. Scene understanding can achieve four levels of generic computer vision functionality of detection, localisation, recognition and understanding. But scene understanding systems go beyond the detection of visual features such as corners, edges and moving regions to extract information related to the physical world which is meaningful for human operators. Its requirement is also to achieve more robust, resilient, adaptable computer vision functionalities by endowing them with a cognitive faculty: the ability to learn, adapt, weigh alternative solutions, and develop new strategies for analysis and interpretation. The key characteristic of a scene understanding system is its capacity to exhibit robust performance even in circumstances that were not foreseen when it was designed. Furthermore, a scene understanding system should be able to anticipate events and adapt its operation accordingly. Ideally, a scene understanding system should be able to adapt to novel variations of the current environment to generalize to new context and application domains and interpret the intent of underlying behaviours to predict future configurations of the environment, and to communicate an understanding of the scene to other systems, including humans. Related but different domains are robotic, where systems can interfere and modify their environment, and multi-media document analysis (e.g. video retrieval), where limited contextual information is available.
Implementation of a zero voltage switching Sepic-Cuk converter (2008)

This paper presents the system analysis and implementation of a soft switching Sepic-Cuk converter to achieve zero voltage switching (ZVS). In the proposed converter, the Sepic and Cuk topologies are combined together in the output side. The features of the proposed converter are to reduce the circuit components (share the power components in the transformer primary side) and to share the load current. Active snubber is connected in parallel with the primary side of transformer to release the energy stored in the leakage inductor of transformer and to limit the peak voltage stress of switching devices when the main switch is turned off. The active snubber can achieve ZVS turn-on for power switches. Experimental results, taken from a laboratory prototype rated at 300W, are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed converter. I. Introduction Modern