gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibration over the larynx increases swallowing and cortical activation for swallowing (2017)

Sensory input can alter swallowing control in both the cortex and brainstem. Electrical stimulation of superior laryngeal nerve afferents increases reflexive swallowing in animals, with different frequencies optimally effective across species. Here we determined <i>1</i>) if neck vibration overlying the larynx affected the fundamental frequency of the voice demonstrating penetration of vibration into the laryngeal tissues, and <i>2</i>) if vibration, in comparison with sham, increased spontaneous swallowing and enhanced cortical hemodynamic responses to swallows in the swallowing network. A device with two motors, one over each thyroid lamina, delivered intermittent 10-s epochs of vibration. We recorded swallows and event-related changes in blood oxygenation level to swallows over the motor and sensory swallowing cortexes bilaterally using functional near infrared spectroscopy. Ten healthy participants completed eight 20-min conditions in counterbalanced order with either epochs of continuous vibration at 30, 70, 110, 150, and 70 + 110 Hz combined, 4-Hz pulsed vibration at 70 + 110 Hz, or two sham conditions without stimulation. Stimulation epochs were separated by interstimulus intervals varying between 30 and 45 s in duration. Vibration significantly reduced the fundamental frequency of the voice compared with no stimulation demonstrating that vibration penetrated laryngeal tissues. Vibration at 70 and at 150 Hz increased spontaneous swallowing compared with sham. Hemodynamic responses to swallows in the motor cortex were enhanced during conditions containing stimulation compared with sham. As vibratory stimulation on the neck increased spontaneous swallowing and enhanced cortical activation for swallows in healthy participants, it may be useful for enhancing swallowing in patients with dysphagia.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Vibratory stimulation at 70 and 150 Hz on the neck overlying the larynx increased the frequency of spontaneous swallowing. Simultaneously vibration also enhanced hemodynamic responses in the motor cortex to swallows when recorded with functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). As vibrotactile stimulation on the neck enhanced cortical activation for swallowing in healthy participants, it may be useful for enhancing swallowing in patients with dysphagia.
The Green Factor (2012)

It is sometimes observed that all explorations of climate change lead back to the Sun. Whether produced from a shift in the surface energy balance or the release of ancient carbon through fuel combustion, the excess thermal energy that now confronts us comes ultimately from the Sun. Of the innumerable pathways through which the Sun's energy warms the environment, human respiration is undoubtedly low on the list of climate-change agents. Yet, in cities at least, the extent to which heat produced through the human metabolism of food is influencing ambient temperatures is now measurable, accounting for almost 5% of the total waste-heat burden in some cities.
Effects of renin inhibition compared to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition in conscious dogs with pacing-induced heart failure (1997)

Renin inhibition with CP80794 and ACEI with captopril caused comparable hemodynamic effects in advanced CHF. However, CP80794 caused significantly greater increases in renal blood flow and suppressed renin activity to a greater degree than captopril.
A Gothic Revival: William Harrison Ainsworth’s The Tower of London (1978)

William Harrison Ainsworth had a deep and romantic attraction to the England of the Tudors and Stuarts, and he wrote popular books about the period for an audience which shared his passion. Ainsworth wrote quickly and spiritedly, and, for the first decade of his literary career at least, he maintained a phenomenal and often inexplicable success. He was a best-seller in an age which enjoyed the benefits of industrialism for the production and distribution of literature, but which nevertheless affected a sentimental attachment to a time and place without machines. His novels catered for a taste for easily assimilated historical romance, even though, like his audience, Ainsworth held an equivocal view of the relevance of the study of history. On the one hand, he was content to be a Victorian Englishman and to have escaped the plagues, racks and bigotry of the past; on the other, he was drawn to history in search of an imaginative release from the drabness and relative stability of life in the nineteenth century. Ainsworth was a product of the declining era of Romanticism, and of the Romantic tendency to long for an escape from modern reality; paradoxically, he happily accepted a concept of social progress and was both amused and shocked by the narrowness of his ancestors' world.
Construction and Transposon Mutagenesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> of a Full-Length Infectious Clone of Pseudorabies Virus, an Alphaherpesvirus (1999)

A full-length clone of the 142-kb pseudorabies virus (PRV) genome was constructed as a stable F plasmid in Escherichia coli. The clone, pBecker1, was colinear with PRV-Becker genomic DNA, lacking detectable rearrangements, deletions, or inversions. The transfection of pBecker1 into susceptible eukaryotic cells resulted in productive viral infection. Virus isolated following transfection was indistinguishable from wild-type virus in a rodent model of infection and spread to retinorecipient regions of the brain following inoculation in the vitreous body of the eye. Mutagenesis of pBecker1 in E. coli with a mini-Tn5-derived transposon enabled the rapid isolation of insertion mutants, identification of essential viral genes, and simplified construction of viral revertants. The serial passage of a viral insertion mutant demonstrated the transposon insertion to be stable. However, the F-plasmid insertion present in the viral gG locus was found to undergo a spontaneous deletion following transfection into eukaryotic cells. The implications of F-plasmid insertion into the viral genome with regard to phenotype and genomic stability are discussed.
A Comparison of SAE ARP 4754A and ARP 4754 (2011)

SAE ARP 4754 has been widely applied in the process of airworthiness certification in highly-integrated or complex electronic system of civil aircraft since 1996. But with the complexity of integration and function increasing in the system design process, the standard can not fully meets the state-of-art technical requirements of designer and engineers. Hence the new version SAE ARP 4754A arises in December 2010, which mainly revises the part of development assurance level allocation, provids a methodology to assign the correct development assurance levels. In order to better understand and apply ARP 4754A in the field of airworthiness and safety, this paper will compare SAE ARP 4754A and 4754 on aspects of applicable scope, development process and integral process, etc, expecting to make clear the differences and carry on analysis about the differences to show the significances of the changes for civil aircraft airworthiness and safety
Preclinical characterization of OSI-906: A novel IGF-1R kinase inhibitor in clinical trials (2007)

C192 Activation of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-1R) pathway plays an important role in tumor cell proliferation and survival. IGF-1R can also protect tumor cells from a variety of anti-cancer agents, providing a rationale for combination therapy with an IGF-1R inhibitor. We previously reported a research proof-of-concept small molecule IGF-1R kinase inhibitor, cis -3-[3-(4-methyl-piperazin-1-yl)-cyclobutyl]-1-(2-phenyl-quinolin-7-yl)-imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-8-ylamine (PQIP) and its properties in preclinical models. Here we present the IGF-1R kinase inhibitor OSI-906 that is currently in phase I clinical trials. OSI-906 displayed a cellular IC 50 of 24 nM for inhibition of ligand-dependent IGF-1R autophosphorylation. It had minimal activity against a panel of 47 other protein kinases tested with the exception of the highly homologous insulin receptor. In cellular autophosphorylation assays, OSI-906 exhibited 9-fold selectivity for human IGF-1R (3T3/huIGF1R cells) vs. human insulin receptor (primary hepatocytes). OSI-906 also abolished IGF-induced activation of downstream pAKT, pERK1/2 and p-p70S6K pathways in an IGF-1R transfected 3T3/huIGF1R cell line. Robust anti-tumor efficacy was achieved in this IGF-1R-dependent xenograft model when OSI-906 was administrated orally once a day at doses of 25 and 75 mg/kg. OSI-906 also reduced proliferation and/or survival of a broad panel of tumor cell lines comprised of NSCLC, CRC, pancreatic and breast cancer lines. In addition to single agent activity, combination of OSI-906 with the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib was also investigated. In GEO and HT-29 human colorectal cancer cell lines, EGFR primarily promoted MAPK activation whereas IGF-1R mainly activated the AKT pathway. Simultaneous treatment with OSI-906 and erlotinib effectively blocked both pERK1/2 and pAKT and fully inhibited downstream p-p70S6K, which resulted in synergistic inhibition of cell proliferation and survival in GEO and HT-29 cells in vitro . Similarly, more complete inhibition of pAKT and pERK1/2 signals with the combination was observed in GEO xenograft tumors and corresponded to improved tumor regressions in mice treated with the combination of erlotinib (100 mg/kg/day, po) and low dose (15 mg/kg/day, po) OSI-906 as compared with either agent alone. These preclinical data support clinical development of OSI-906 for treatment of human cancers as a single agent and in combination with other molecular targeted agents including erlotinib.
Expression of growth arrest and DNA damage genes and DNA mismatch repair genes in snake melanomas. (1998)

Snake melanomas are rare tumours and their pathogenesis is still unclear. In this study the expression of DNA mismatch repair genes and Growth Arrest DNA Damage Genes was investigated. The expression only of 3 of them GADD34, MLH1 and MSH2 was found. The role of these genes in animal tumorigenesis is discussed.
Predicting Brain Occupancy from Plasma Levels using PET: Superiority of Combining Pharmacokinetics with Pharmacodynamics while Modeling the Relationship (2011)

Positron emission tomography (PET) studies of dopamine receptor occupancy can be used to assess dosing of antipsychotics. Typically, studies of antipsychotics have applied pharmacodynamic (PD) modeling alone to characterize the relationship between antipsychotic dose and its effect on the brain. However, a limitation of this approach is that it does not account for the discrepancy between the time courses of plasma concentration and receptor occupancy by antipsychotics. Combined pharmacokinetic-PD (PK-PD) modeling, by incorporating the time dependence of occupancy, is better suited for the reliable analysis of the concentration-occupancy relationship. To determine the effect of time on the concentration-occupancy relationship as a function of analysis approach, we measured dopamine receptor occupancy after the administration of aripiprazole using [(11)C]raclopride PET and obtained serial measurements of the plasma aripiprazole concentration in 18 volunteers. We then developed a PK-PD model for the relationship, and compared it with conventional approach (PD modeling alone). The hysteresis characteristics were observed in the competitor concentration-occupancy relationship and the value of EC(50) was different according to the analysis approach (EC(50) derived from PD modeling alone=11.1 ng/mL (95% confidence interval (CI)=10.1 to 12.1); while that derived from combined PK-PD modeling=8.63 ng/mL (95% CI=7.75 to 9.51)). This finding suggests that PK-PD modeling is required to obtain reliable prediction of brain occupancy by antipsychotics.
Morphometric parameters of Aleng river basin, Manipur (2015)

The morphometric parameters of a drainage basin are important for characterizing hydrological conditions and geomorphic processes operating in the area. Present study deals with the morphometric analysis of the Aring basin, located between longitudes 93.64°and 93.71° and latitudes 24.85° and 25.01° in the western part of Manipur covering 121.7 km2 area. Morphometric analysis of Areng basin carried out using DEM data, GIS software (MapInfo-11.0) and Survey of India (SOI) topographic maps on 1:50, 000 scales reveals that it is a 6th order stream. Based on 3th order stream, Areng basin has been designated as29 numbers of 3rd order basins.Results of the linear, areal and relief aspects suggests that the Aleng is a semi-elongated to elongated basin characterized by moderate to high relief, moderate to gentle slope which is further justified by the low value of constant of channel maintenance. Most of the basin show fine texture, suggesting high velocity, low permeable lithology and dense vegetable with heavy rainfall.Study of longitudinal profile, value of SL/K increase when river channel crosses the tectonically faulted and folded area. The hypsometric integral value also indicatesthat basin is in mature stage. Mean Bifurcation ratio value ranges from 2.0 to5.75 suggests morphological and structural control on the development of drainage network in the area, drainage density and fine drainage texture suggests high runoff in the area.
The Reversible Transformation of β-Lactoglobulin at pH 7.5<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reversible Transformation of β-Lactoglobulin at pH 7.51Charles Tanford, Lyle G. Bunville, and Yasuhiko NozakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 15, 4032–4036Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01524a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01524a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views527Altmetric-Citations238LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Variants of β<sub>2</sub>‐microglobulin cleaved at lysine‐58 retain the main conformational features of the native protein but are more conformationally heterogeneous and unstable at physiological temperature (2006)

Cleavage of the small amyloidogenic protein beta2-microglobulin after lysine-58 renders it more prone to unfolding and aggregation. This is important for dialysis-related beta2-microglobulin amyloidosis, since elevated levels of cleaved beta2-microglobulin may be found in the circulation of dialysis patients. However, the solution structures of these cleaved beta2-microglobulin variants have not yet been assessed using single-residue techniques. We here use such methods to examine beta2-microglobulin cleaved after lysine-58 and the further processed variant (found in vivo) from which lysine-58 is removed. We find that the solution stability of both variants, especially of beta2-microglobulin from which lysine-58 is removed, is much reduced compared to wild-type beta2-microglobulin and is strongly dependent on temperature and protein concentration. 1H-NMR spectroscopy and amide hydrogen (1H/2H) exchange monitored by MS show that the overall three-dimensional structure of the variants is similar to that of wild-type beta2-microglobulin at subphysiological temperatures. However, deviations do occur, especially in the arrangement of the B, D and E beta-strands close to the D-E loop cleavage site at lysine-58, and the experiments suggest conformational heterogeneity of the two variants. Two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy indicates that this heterogeneity involves an equilibrium between the native-like fold and at least one conformational intermediate resembling intermediates found in other structurally altered beta2-microglobulin molecules. This is the first single-residue resolution study of a specific beta2-microglobulin variant that has been found circulating in dialysis patients. The instability and conformational heterogeneity of this variant suggest its involvement in beta2-microglobulin amyloidogenicity in vivo.
Automated quantification of muscle and fat in the thigh from water‐, fat‐, and nonsuppressed MR images (2011)

Our MRI algorithm produces accurate tissue quantification, is less labor-intensive, and more reproducible than the original CT-based workflow and can address interparticipant anatomic variability and intensity inhomogeneity effects.
Metamaterial-inspired advances in antennas and propagation (2014)

Summary form only given. The introduction of metamaterials and metamaterial-inspired structures into the tool set of RF engineers has led to a wide variety of advances in discovery in the antennas and propagation research areas. The enhanced awareness of complex media, both naturally occurring and artificially constructed, which has been stimulated by the debut of metamaterials, has enabled paradigm shifts in terms of our understanding of how devices and systems operate and our expectations of their performance characteristics. These shifts include the trends of miniaturization, enhanced performance, and multi-functionality of antenna systems for wireless platforms; dispersion engineering to modify the properties, for example, of transmission lines and antennas; scattering mitigation (cloaking, active jamming, perfect absorbers) and enhancements (sensors, detectors); and the tailoring output beams (leaky wave broadside radiators, sub-diffraction limit resolution in remote sensing and highly directive beams for energy transfer and low probability of intercept systems). A variety of metamaterial-inspired constructs, which have led to useful improvements in antennas and the propagation of signals in the corresponding electromagnetic environments, and their practical applications from RF to THz to optical frequencies will be described.
Coding for noncoherent communication (2002)

We consider noncoherent communication over a frequency nonselective channel. Results from coherent coding theory are used to devise both low and high rate codes for noncoherent systems. Further, one-dimensional noncoherent codes with good Hamming distance properties can be transformed into space-time noncoherent codes which achieve full transmit diversity using a block transformation.
High Levels of Thymidine Phosphorylase as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Renal Cell Carcinoma (2006)

TP at high levels can be regarded as an unfavorable independent prognostic factor. These results may pave a way for a novel approach to effective treatment of RCC.
Amorphous Drug Nanosuspensions. 3. Particle Dissolution and Crystal Growth (2007)

In the present paper, we have studied particle dissolution and crystal growth of the poorly water soluble drug felodipine, using fluorescence as a probe for the amount of crystalline material. Dissolution kinetics is essentially diffusion-controlled, while the rate of crystal growth is significantly slower compared to the diffusion-controlled limit. The deviation from diffusion control was characterized by the effective length, lambda, related to the kinetics of a surface integration process. Amorphous nanoparticles may be highly unstable in the presence of small amounts of crystalline particles. This is due to the fact that the molecular solubility from the amorphous nanoparticles often is at least an order of magnitude higher than the corresponding crystalline solubility. In a mixed system where crystalline nanoparticles have been added to an amorphous nanosuspension, the bulk will have a monomer concentration intermediate between the amorphous and crystalline solubilities, and is thus supersaturated with respect to the crystalline particles while being undersaturated with respect to the amorphous particles. As a consequence, the amorphous particles spontaneously dissolve, while crystalline particles grow, in a combined process which is similar to Ostwald ripening. By knowing the parameters describing dissolution and crystal growth, respectively, it was possible to simulate the outcome of controlled seeding experiments, where a small amount of crystalline nanoparticles was added to a dispersion of amorphous nanoparticles. A good agreement between model calculations and experiments was obtained including how the crystal growth rate varied with the amounts of added crystalline seeds.
Jitter Frequency Modulation – A Technique that Can Reduce EMI Noise Level of Switch Mode Power Supply Effectively (2006)

The analysis of the theory and realization on reducing EMI with jitter frequency modulation technology is presented. EMI tests and comparison are accomplished respectively on a 60 W switch mode power supply controlled by Top249 integrated with frequency jittering function and a 2 KW high-power switch mode power supply controlled by TL494. The results prove that this technique has a remarkable effect on decrease EMI noise level
Wide-area current differential backup protection employing broadband communications and time transfer systems (1998)

As power systems grow larger, it is becoming difficult to achieve reach and time coordination in backup protection when using distance relays. To cope with those problems, current differential backup protection for a busbar and transmission circuits connected to that busbar on an inter-station or wide-area basis is proposed. The proposed system can operate better than conventional systems with respect to operation time, section selectivity, etc. A system configuration is also proposed to utilize ATM transmission networks and time synchronous systems which make the construction and operation of the proposed wide-area protection system easy and flexible.