gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single Pulse, Single Crystal Laser-Induced Nucleation of Potassium Chloride (2008)

The nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation of aqueous supersaturated solutions of potassium chloride is demonstrated. We have observed that a single, 7 ns pulse of near-infrared (1064 nm) laser light can be used to grow a single crystal of potassium chloride. The experimental results are analyzed using a model in which nucleation is enhanced through the isotropic electronic polarization of subcritical crystal nuclei by laser radiation and the associated reduction in free energy of the nuclei. Classical nucleation theory is used to calculate the fraction of subcritical nuclei, initially in zero field, which become supercritical in the laser field; this fraction is correlated with the crystallization yield and is shown to successfully describe the dependences of the experimentally observed yields upon laser power and supersaturation. The experimental results are analyzed to obtain a phenomenological value of the crystal−solution interfacial tension, γ = 2.19 ± 0.03 mJ m−2.
Functional consequences of alterations to Pro<sup>328</sup> and Leu<sup>332</sup> located in the 4th transmembrane segment of the α‐subunit of the rat kidney Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase (1992)

Site-specific mutagenesis was used to analyse the functional roles of the residues Pro328 and Leu332 located in the conserved PEGLL motif of the predicted transmembrane helix M4 in the alpha 1-subunit of the ouabain resistant rat kidney Na+,K(+)-ATPase. cDNAs encoding either of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase mutants Pro328-->Ala and Leu332-->Ala, and wild type, were cloned into the expression vector pMT2 and transfected into COS-1 cells. Ouabain-resistant clones growing in the presence of 10 microM ouabain were isolated, and the Na+,K+, ATP and pH dependencies of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity measured in the presence of 10 microM ouabain were analysed. Under these conditions the exogenous expressed Na+,K(+)-ATPase contributed more than 95% of the Na+,K(+)-ATPase activity. The Pro328-->Ala mutant displayed a reduced apparent affinity for Na+ (K0.5 (Na+) 13.04 mM), relative to the wild type (K0.5 (Na+) 7.13 mM). By contrast, the apparent affinity for Na+ displayed by the Leu332-->Ala mutant was increased (K0.5 (Na+) 3.92 mM). Either of the mutants exhibited lower apparent affinity for K+ relative to the wild type (K0.5 (K+) 2.46 mM for Pro328-->Ala and 1.97 mM for Leu332-->Ala, compared with 0.78 mM for wild type). Both mutants exhibited higher apparent affinity for ATP than the wild type (K0.5 (ATP) 0.086 mM for Pro328-->Ala and 0.042 mM for Leu332-->Ala, compared with 0.287 mM for wild type). The influence of pH was in accordance with an acceleration of the E2 (K)-->E1 transition in the mutants relative to the wild type. These data are consistent with a role of Pro328 and Leu332 in the stabilization of the E2 form and of Pro328 in Na+ binding. The possible role of the mutated residues in K+ binding is discussed.
PIST: A P2P IR Model for Social-Tagging Network (2009)

This paper proposes a P2P information retrieval model for social-tagging network (PIST), which is layered on top of a DHT-based overlay network. The tags of document, user's friends, interests and feedback are exploited to improve the search performance. With the help of friends, the user can get his desired documents with one-hop access. A document is associated with a document profile consisting of tags which describes the document. A user is associated with user profiles which represent his interests. During query processing, the relevant results can be returned according to user's interest, and user's feedback is exploited to refine the profiles and friends list. Experiments show that PIST has good performance and it is suitable for social-tagging network.
Potentiation of the antiangiogenic ability of linomide by androgen ablation involves down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human androgen-responsive prostatic cancers. (1997)

Linomide is a p.o. active antiangiogenic agent that has been demonstrated to be effective in suppressing the in vivo growth of rat and human prostatic cancer xenografts. The present studies were conducted to determine whether the angiogenic molecules, vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are expressed in vitro by DU-145, PC-3, TSU-PR1, and LnCaP human prostate cancer cell lines and whether Linomide inhibits the secretion of these angiogenic molecules. Additionally, two different androgen-responsive human prostatic cancer xenograft models (i.e., PC-82 and A-2) were used to determine whether androgen ablation-induced reduction in tumor growth is associated with a reduction in tumor VEGF and/or bFGF levels. These studies demonstrated that both VEGF and bFGF proteins are expressed to different degrees in the human prostatic cancer cell lines. The secretion of VEGF but not bFGF is up-regulated by hypoxia. Linomide is unable to inhibit either basal or hypoxia-induced secretion of VEGF. Linomide also has no effect on secreted bFGF levels. Castration inhibited tumor VEGF but had no effect on bFGF levels in both the androgen-responsive PC-82 and A-2 human prostatic cancers when grown in severe combined immunodeficient mice. When given in combination, castration potentiated the inhibition of tumor growth induced by Linomide alone. This potentiation is not due to a further inhibition in tumor VEGF levels induced by castration. Although both castration and Linomide inhibit angiogenesis, the former accomplishes it by inhibiting VEGF secretion, whereas the latter has multiple effects at several steps in the angiogenic process other than VEGF secretion. Based on their different but complementary mechanisms of action, simultaneous combination of androgen ablation with Linomide enhances the anti-prostatic cancer efficacy compared to either monotherapies alone and warrants testing in humans.
Keto–Enol Tautomerism as a Polarity Indicator in Ionic Liquids (2004)

The keto–enol tautomeric equilibrium for pentane-2,4-dione has been explored in several ionic liquids and these data have been used to give an indication of their polarities in the ground state. The results suggest higher apparent polarities than have been previously indicated by the use of solvatochromatic dyes.
Phase Diversity for an Antenna-Array System With a Short Interelement Separation (2008)

This paper presents a simple procedure of obtaining a diversity gain in an antenna-array system with a short interelement separation, typically less than the carrier wavelength. The new technique provides a diversity gain through a noncoherent combination of received signals at each antenna element. The diversity gain arises because, as the number of signal components of the received signal at each antenna element becomes large enough and as the arrival angle of each signal component is distinct from one another, which is a general signal circumstance in most practical code division multiple access (CDMA) signal environments, the amplitudes of the received signals become nearly independent due to the phase difference among the received signals. The diversity gain was referred to as ldquophase diversityrdquo in this paper. The proposed technique is first theoretically analyzed to estimate the performance in terms of pseudorandom-noise-code acquisition, which is verified through extensive computer simulations. Then, through the experimental results that are obtained from a CDMA array-antenna base station system, it has been shown that the performance of noncoherent detection is proportionally improved to the number of antenna elements.
Gelation of pH-Aggregated Whey Protein Isolate Solution Induced by Heat, Protease, Calcium Salt, and Acidulant (1998)

Effects of pH (3.0−7.0) on aggregation of whey protein solution (WPS, 18%) were investigated by examination of turbidity, aggregate size, and microstructure. As expected, maximum turbidity and aggregate sizes occurred at the isoelectric point (pI 5.2) of whey proteins. Lower or higher pH than the pI resulted in a steady decrease of the turbidity and aggregate size. Microstructure analysis revealed that the WPS at pH 5.7 contained loose and irregular aggregates with 200−400 nm sizes. From the pH (5.7)-aggregated WPS, gelation was induced by heating, hydrolyzing with a protease from Bacillus licheniformis (BLP), increasing ionic strength with CaCl2, and quiescently acidifying with glucono-δ-lactone (GDL), respectively. The hardness, color, and microstructure of the gels so formed were determined. Micrographs of BLP- and CaCl2-induced gels showed aggregates similar in size and shape to the parent aggregates in the WPS. Heat- and GDL-induced gels were structured with enlarged aggregates (500 nm and 1−2 μm). Separating the processes of formation of aggregates and gels may provide a means to manipulate the protein gel properties. Keywords: Whey proteins; aggregation; gelation; microstructure; pH
Fluoxetine Efficacy vs Comparative Drugs: An Overview (1988)

The tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were discovered accidentally by pharmaceutical chemists seeking first, better antihistamines and then antipsychotic agents. Careful clinical assessment revealed the antidepressant properties and suggested that the closer the patient resembled the classical textbook description of ‘endogenous’ depression, the more likely was an adequate clinical response to occur (Kuhn, 1958). However, it was quickly realised that the TCAs possess a plethora of side-effects, particularly sedation and symptoms related to their anticholinergic effects. Despite much research over the past 25 years, it is unclear how TCAs effect clinical improvement. The two main neurotransmitters involved in some way are noradrenaline (Schildkraut, 1965) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin; Van Praag, 1977). It was proposed that TCAs acted by blocking the reuptake of one or other or both of these neurotransmitters, thereby increasing their concentration in the synaptic cleft. However, as well as these acute effects, chronic effects, such as a decrease in the number of central beta-adrenoceptors (‘down-regulation’) occur, and these are probably more relevant to the clinical action.
Electrochemical studies on [Mn(CNR)6]+ complexes (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical studies on [Mn(CNR)6]+ complexesP. M. Treichel and H. J. MuehCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 5, 1167–1169Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50171a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50171a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regio- and Enantioselective Catalytic Monoepoxidation of Conjugated Dienes: Synthesis of Chiral Allylic <i>cis</i>-Epoxides (2015)

Ti(IV)-salan 4 catalyzes the diastereo- and enantioselective monoepoxidation of conjugated dienes using 30% H2O2 at rt or below even in the presence of other olefins and adjacent stereocenters. Its enantiomer, ent-4, provides access to the opposite diastereomer or enantiomer. The resultant chiral allylic epoxides, and the triols derived from them, are versatile synthetic intermediates as well as substructures present in many bioactive natural products. The epoxidation is highly specific for Z-olefins. For 1-acyl(silyl)oxypenta-2,4-dienes, epoxidation of the distal olefin is generally favored in contrast to the adjacent regioselectivity characteristic of Sharpless, peracid, and other directed epoxidations of hydroxylated dienes.
Pervasive and Mobile Computing (2015)

a b s t r a c t In mobile-based traffic monitoring applications, each user provides real-time updates on their location and speed while driving. This data is collected by a centralized server and aggregated to provide participants with current traffic conditions. Successful participation in traffic monitoring applications utilizing participatory sensing depends on two factors: the information utility of the estimated traffic condition, and the amount of private information (position and speed) each participant reveals to the server. We assume each user prefers to reveal as little private information as possible, but if everyone withholds information, the quality of traffic estimation will deteriorate. In this paper, we model these opposing requirements by considering each user to have a utility function that combines the benefit of high quality traffic estimates and the cost of privacy loss. Using a novel Markovian model, we mathematically derive a policy that takes into account the mean, variance and correlation of traffic on a given stretch of road and yields the optimal granularity of information revelation to maximize user utility. We validate the effectiveness of this policy through real-world empirical traces collected during the Mobile Century experiment in Northern California. The validation shows that the derived policy yields utilities that are very close to what could be obtained by an oracle scheme with full knowledge of the ground truth.
Automated synthesis of electromechanical design configurations from empirical analysis of function to form mapping (2008)

For an ideal design process, designers envision a configuration of components prior to determining dimensions or sizes of these components. Given the breadth of the component space, the design of any future artefact must be carefully planned to take advantage of the diverse set of possibilities. We conjecture that computational design tools could be developed to help designers navigate the design space in creating configurations from detailed specifications of function. In this research, a methodology is developed that extracts design knowledge from an expanding online library of engineering artefacts in the form of grammar rules. From an initial implementation of 189 rules extracted from 23 products, we demonstrate a computational process that builds new design configurations by borrowing concepts from how common functions are solved in related designs.
Evaluating recent locust research (1997)

The purpose of the Conference is to assess the practical value of recent locust research, especially research related to the desert locust. Desert locust plagues follow upsurges in which an initially non-gregariously behaving population increases in size and becomes gregarious to a progressively greater degree, over a number of generations. Control is attempted by the ultra low volume application of contact pesticides. Successful locust control is technically possible with current methods; the problems are logistical, organisational, financial and political. The practical implementation of the results of research must be assessed in the light of those constraints.
Structural diversity in the coordination of amidines and guanidines to monovalent metal halides (2004)

A series of structurally characterised, monovalent metal-halide complexes incorporating neutral amidine and guanidine ligands is reported. N,N'-diphenylbenzamidine reacted with copper(I) chloride to afford the bis-ligand complex [CuCl(PhC[NPh][NHPh])2]2 (1), that exists as a chlorine bridged dimer in the solid state, with a non-symmetrical distribution of NH...Cl interactions within the 'Cu2Cl2' metallacycle. In contrast, only one equivalent of the guanidine, Me2NC[NiPr][NHiPr] (2), is coordinated in the copper(I) iodide complex [CuI(Me2NC[NiPr][NHiPr])]2 (3), which was also isolated as the dimer with bridging halide atoms. The molecular structure of the bicyclic guanidine, 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2-alpha]pyrimidine (hppH), is reported, revealing a hydrogen bridged dimer with extensive delocalisation throughout the ligand framework. Coordination of hppH to lithium chloride afforded the dimeric bis-ligand complex [LiCl(hppH)2]2 (4) in which each hppH molecule interacts with a different chlorine atom of the central 'Li2Cl2' core of the molecule via NH...Cl hydrogen bonding. In contrast the 2:1 ligand to metal complex is formed with silver(I) chloride to afford AgCl(hppH)2 (5), a unique example of a monomeric, three-coordinate silver chloride supported by nitrogen-based ligands. The series of mixed ligand complexes [CuX(hppH)(PPh3)]n (6, X = Cl, n= 1; 7, X = Br, n= 2; 8 X = I, n= 2) have also been synthesised and structurally characterised, allowing comparisons of the relative coordinating behaviour of hppH and PPh3 as neutral donors at copper(I) centres to be made.
Probabilistic state space search (1999)

This paper describes a probabilistic approach to state space search. The presented method applies a ranking of the design states according to their probability of reaching a given target state based on a random walk model. This ranking can be used to prioritize an explicit or partial symbolic state exploration to find a trajectory from a set of initial states to a set of target states. A symbolic technique for estimating the reachability probability is described which implements a smooth trade-off between accuracy and computing effort. The presented probabilistic state space search complements incomplete verification methods which are specialized in finding errors in large designs.
Compressed classification of observation sets with linear subspace embeddings (2011)

We consider the problem of classification of a pattern from multiple compressed observations that are collected in a sensor network. In particular, we exploit the properties of random projections in generic sensor devices and we take some first steps in introducing linear dimensionality reduction techniques in the compressed domain. We design a classification framework that consists in embedding the low dimensional classification space given by classical linear dimensionality reduction techniques in the compressed domain. The measurements of the multiple observations are then projected onto the new classification subspace and are finally aggregated in order to reach a classification decision. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our scheme and illustrate that compressed measurements combined with information diversity lead to efficient dimensionality reduction in simple sensing architectures.
Development and Successful Application of Unique Steerable PDC Bits (1998)

Abstract This paper describes the development and successful application of unique polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits for use on steerable motor assemblies. The development phase comprised an extensive series of laboratory and field experiments. These showed that proper design of face and gauge aggressiveness were the keys to improved steerability. Notably, the common perception that a short, aggressive gauge is required for steerability was found to be misguided. Field applications from around the world have demonstrated that the new designs minimize tool face fluctuations despite erratic weight on bit (WOB), allow the theoretical build up rate (BUR) to be attained, create superior quality well bores, and provide improved net rates of penetration (ROP) over conventional designs. P. 153
The effects of hematocrit, shear rate, and turbulence on ultrasonic Doppler spectrum from blood (1992)

Previous studies of ultrasonic scattering properties of blood using a pulse-echo experimental arrangement show that ultrasonic backscatter from blood is influenced by a number of factors including hematocrit, shear rate, and the nature of flow (J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 75, p. 1265, 1984 and J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., vol. 84, p. 1, 1988). Since the Doppler frequency spectrum from a Doppler flowmeter is derived from echoes backscattered by red blood cells in the flowing blood, it is also undoubtedly a function of these parameters. The effects of these parameters on Doppler spectrum from blood have been investigated using a pulsed Doppler flowmeter. The results agree well with those obtained in previous studies. One important conclusion of this study is that the assumption that the Doppler spectral power density at a frequency in Doppler spectrum is linearly proportional to the number of red cells flowing at that velocity used in many theoretical models developed to explain the Doppler phenomenon may be erroneous. An alternative is proposed. It is shown that conclusions derived from these theoretical models would remain valid by making this assumption.
Advances in space quantum communications (2021)

Abstract Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum Internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum communications are a front‐runner with quantum networks already implemented in several metropolitan areas. A number of recent proposals have modelled the use of space segments to overcome range limitations of purely terrestrial networks. Rapid progress in the design of quantum devices have enabled their deployment in space for in‐orbit demonstrations. We review developments in this emerging area of space‐based quantum technologies and provide a roadmap of key milestones towards a complete, global quantum networked landscape. Small satellites hold increasing promise to provide a cost effective coverage required to realise the quantum Internet. The state of art in small satellite missions is reviewed and the most current in‐field demonstrations of quantum cryptography are collated. The important challenges in space quantum technologies that must be overcome and recent efforts to mitigate their effects are summarised. A perspective on future developments that would improve the performance of space quantum communications is included. The authors conclude with a discussion on fundamental physics experiments that could take advantage of a global, space‐based quantum network.