gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Extreme Evolutionary Learning Machines (2014)

Recently, the notion that the brain is fundamentally a prediction machine has gained traction within the cognitive science community. Consequently, the ability to learn accurate predictors from experience is crucial to creating intelligent robots. However, in order to make accurate predictions it is necessary to find appropriate data representations from which to learn. Finding such data representations or features is a fundamental challenge for machine learning. Often domain knowledge is employed to design useful features for specific problems, but learning representations in a domain independent manner is highly desirable. While many approaches for automatic feature extraction exist, they are often either computationally expensive or of marginal utility. On the other hand, methods such as Extreme Learning Machines (ELMs) have recently gained popularity as efficient and accurate model learners by employing large collections of fixed, random features. The computational efficiency of these approaches becomes particularly relevant when learning is done fully online, such as is the case for robots learning via their interactions with the world. Selectionist methods, which replace features offering low utility with random replacements, have been shown to produce efficient feature learning in one class of ELM. In this paper we demonstrate that a Darwinian neurodynamic approach of feature replication can improve performance beyond selection alone, and may offer a path towards effective learning of predictive models in robotic agents.
Autoantibodies against CD4- and CD8-Positive T Lymphocytes inHIV-Infected Hemophilia Patients (1989)

The presence of IgG, IgM, C3d, or gpl20 on the surface of T lymphocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry in blood samples from 73 hemophilia patients and 56 healthy controls. IgG and IgM autoantibodies against CD4+ lymphocytes were found in HIV+ patients but not in HIV- patients or healthy controls (p<0.001). IgM autoantibodies were more frequent than IgG autoantibodies. Autoantibody formation increased with disease progression. However, within the same disease risk category, patients with autoantibodies were not ‘more immunologically abnormal’ than patients without autoantibodies. HIV+ patients who possessed autoantibodies had similar CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocyte counts as HIV+ patients without autoantibodies. There was no significant difference in the number of patients with abnormal CD4/CD8 ratios, serum neopterin levels, or in vitro responses to allogeneic stimulator cells or mitogens between autoantibody-positive or -negative patients of the same risk category. Our data suggest that autoantibodies against CD4+ lymphocytes may be helpful as indicators of disease progression, however, their immunopathogenetic role remains unclear.
Interactive visualization methods for mobile device applications (2006)

The number of mobile devices today already outnumbers the installed desktop PCs and this gap will further widen in the future since the market for desktop PCs is stagnating but is still growing for mobile devices. For example, the cellular phone is one of the most widespread devices that can display graphical content and its functionality is constantly increasing. Even with the increased functionality on recent mobile devices bringing interactive graphics and visualization methods to these devices is not as easy as it might appear to be. Strategies and ideas that work for desktop machines cannot necessarily be transferred to mobile devices because they have very different characteristics. The purpose of this thesis is to exactly address this problem. The current limitations of these devices -- limited processing power, small amount of memory, low bandwidth, limited network capacities, small display area -- that hinder the usage of current visualization applications on these devices are identified. In order to overcome them, several different strategies are presented that allow interactive 3D graphic solutions to run on mobile devices. These strategies take advantage of different properties of a mobile device, e.g., network speed. Which strategy should be employed for a graphical application can be decided based on the properties of the device that suit best to the strategy. Moreover, algorithms for presenting data in a resource friendly, user recognizable form but at the same time taking account of the display limitations are introduced by addressing ideas in illustrative and artistic rendering. A special focus in this thesis is on the representation of transparency that plays a significant role in extending the usable space for visualizing information. In this thesis several strategies taken from artistic rendering have been successfully applied to the context of mobile rendering solutions. Additionally, a 3D graphical user interface was designed that is well suited to solve spatial problems in mobile devices and allows developers to build new classes of modern user interfaces. All the new algorithms explained in this thesis do not only extend the capabilities of bringing interactive 3D graphics to mobile device, but can for example also be used for enhancing the richness of visualization or non-photorealistic rendering methods in any sort of interactive environment.
Similarity search in Recent Biased time series databases using Vari-DWT and Polar wavelets (2010)

A time series database is a collection of data that are generated in series as time goes on and constitutes a large portion of data stored in computers like stock-price movements, weather data, bio-medical measurements, video data etc., Two time sequences of same length are said to be similar if the Euclidean distance is less or equal to a given threshold. The main issue of similarity search in time series databases is to improve the search performance since time sequences are usually of high dimension. So it is important to reduce the search space for efficient processing of similarity search in large time series databases. Popular techniques for efficient retrieval of time sequences in time series databases are DFT, DWT, SVD, PAA, PCA, APCA etc,. In this paper we explore the feasibility of using Vari-DWT and Polar wavelet with a comprehensive analysis of the two methods as matching functions which can improve the search performance in Recent-Biased time series databases. Vari-DWT is fast to compute and requires little storage for each sequence, It preserves Euclidean distance and recency and also allows good approximation with a subset of coefficients. But it shows poor performance for locally distributed time series data which are clustered around certain values since it uses averages to reduce the dimensionality of data. Polar wavelet uses polar coordinates which are not affected from averages and so can improve the search performance especially in locally distributed time series databases. Moreover, DWT has the limitation that it works best if the length of time series 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> otherwise it approximates the signal by adding 0 to the right side of the series to make the length to be 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> which distorts the original signal. Polar wavelet works with time sequences of any length without distorting the original signal. The effectiveness of Vari-DWT and Polar wavelets are evaluated empirically on real weather data and synthetic datasets.
Network I/O Extensibility without Administrator Privilege (2009)

Kernel extension mechanisms for network I/O are very useful for creating customized packet processing. However, such extensions have been accessible only to system administrators for security reasons. This paper investigates an approach to realize network I/O extensibility without administrator privilege. To this end, we build on a novel virtualization scheme developed for network control, hierarchical virtualization of network interfaces, which allows recursive creation of the virtualized network interfaces and attaches the created interfaces to OS entities, such as sockets and processes. We show that the hierarchical virtualization has desirable properties for safe execution of packet processing code inside OS kernels, even by ordinary users and untrusted applications. For proof-of-concept, functionality of the system is demonstrated by a prototype implementation and execution profiling is taken to verify if such a kernel extensibility can be realized at practical performance overhead. The systematic experiments illustrated that the hierarchical virtualization can realize kernel extensibility without administrator privilege.
20(<i>S</i>)‐protopanaxadiol‐aglycone downregulation of the full‐length and splice variants of androgen receptor (2012)

As a public health problem, prostate cancer engenders huge economic and life-quality burden. Developing effective chemopreventive regimens to alleviate the burden remains a major challenge. Androgen signaling is vital to the development and progression of prostate cancer. Targeting androgen signaling via blocking the production of the potent ligand dihydrotestosterone has been shown to decrease prostate cancer incidence. However, the potential of increasing the incidence of high-grade prostate cancers has been a concern. Mechanisms of disease progression after the intervention may include increased expression of androgen receptor (AR) in prostate tissue and expression of the constitutively active AR splice variants (AR-Vs) lacking the ligand-binding domain. Thus, novel agents targeting the receptor, preferentially both the full-length and AR-Vs, are urgently needed. In the present study, we show that ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanaxadiol-aglycone (PPD) effectively downregulates the expression and activity of both the full-length AR and AR-Vs. The effects of PPD on AR and AR-Vs are manifested by an immediate drop in proteins followed by a reduction in transcripts, attributed to PPD induction of proteasome-mediated degradation and inhibition of the transcription of the AR gene. We further show that although PPD inhibits the growth as well as AR expression and activity in LNCaP xenograft tumors, the morphology and AR expression in normal prostates are not affected. This study is the first to show that PPD suppresses androgen signaling through downregulating both the full-length AR and AR-Vs, and provides strong rationale for further developing PPD as a promising agent for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer.
The microscopy of the liquid crystalline neat and middle phases of soaps and synthetic detergents (1954)

Summary The mesomorphic or “liquid crystalline” neat and middle phases encountered in aqueous systems of soaps and synthetic detergents differ considerably in plasticity. Nevertheless, in fundamental phase studies or the examination of commercial products and processes, identification of these two phases has hitherto been uncertain, particularly when they are mixed with each other or with other phases; even under the polarizing microscope, their identification has not been positive since, by the classical criteria for identifying mesomorphic phases, both are “smectic.” The present work reveals additional criteria by which the two phases may be satisfactorily distinguished. In the first place, there are non‐geometric textures exhibited by middle but not by neat. Conversely, there are planar textures exhibited by neat but not by middle. Furthermore there are important systematic differences even among the focal conic textures upon which the smectic nature of the two phases has previously been predicated. While the microscopic method now makes possible the identification of phase mixtures, it serves also as a rapid method even where one‐phase compositions are concerned. This study is primarily descriptive in its present state of development, but the existence of systematic microscopic differences between these two nominally smectic phases, coupled with their well‐known and pronounced difference in consistency, suggests a fundamental structural distinction between them. Much of the present subject‐matter applies also to such materials as certain wetting agents and dyes, as well as phosphatides and certain other biological substances.
Antibodies to phospholipid-free beta 2-glycoprotein-I in patients with primary antiphospholipid syndrome. (1995)

Patients with primary APS frequently have IgG a beta 2 GP-I that appear to differ from aCL. If aCL present in patients with primary APS actually react with a phospholipid induced neoepitope on beta 2 GP-I, as recently proposed, patients with primary APS have autoantibodies against 2 epitopes on beta 2 GP-I. Lack of a beta 2 GP-I in patients with syphilis might also contribute to protection from developing the APS.
Energy Consumption Model for Power Management in Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

It is well recognized that a proper energy consumption model is a foundation for developing and evaluating a power management scheme in the wireless sensor networks (WSN). However, by investigating the organization and behavior of the communication subsystem in WSN devices, we found that in terms of energy consumption, the actual specifications of real WSN devices are significantly different from those typically assumed while designing and evaluating the energy-aware protocols. We argue that the fundamental energy consumption behavior of real WSN devices is critically important to properly model before optimizing or developing an energy-aware design even at higher communication layers. Thus, we initially propose a general energy consumption model of WSN devices based on their actual hardware architecture. In particular, we utilize measured energy consumption performance of the actual hardware components to implement a realistic CSESM (Communication Subsystem Energy Consumption Model) of WSN devices, which reflects the energy consumption in various functioning states and during transitions between states of the devices. By applying the CSECM, we are able to evaluate and analyze the energy efficiency of various WSN sleeping schedule protocols. Experimental measurements with real WSN devices (CC1000 and CC2420) validated the CSECM and its application methodology. Furthermore, using realistic CSECM parameter from real WSN devices has significant impact on the evaluation of energy efficient WSN sleeping schedule protocols and in developing effective power management schemes.
Effect of epidermal growth factor on clonogenic growth of primary human tumor cells (1982)

The effect of EGF on the soft agar colony-forming ability of fresh human tumor cells was assessed in 40 specimens obtained from various types of carcinoma including those of the breast, endometrium ovary, and other sites. Cells from four established human tumor cell lines (three breast and one endometrial) were also included in this study. The results showed that addition of EGF at a concentration of 50 ng/ml resulted in a 50% higher cloning efficiency in soft agar in 40% of the samples of fresh human tumors. When cells from tumor cell lines were plated in semi-solid medium containing EGF, the number of colonies formed was at least twice as high as controls. Cells from fresh tumor biopsies were assayed for EGF receptors to determine whether the correlation between the proliferative response in EGF-supplemented semi-solid medium as compared to control could be related to the number of EGF receptors present on the cells. Specific receptors for EGF were detected by using radioiodinated EGF in early-passage cell cultures from some of the tumors tested for clonogenicity. The number of receptors ranged from 0.3 to 3.27 X 10(5) per cell. Cells from two melanoma specimens possessed less than 0.3 X 10(3) EGF receptors per cell. We found no correlation between the number of EGF receptor on a cell surface and the mitogenic effect of EGF on the same tumor cells grown in semi-solid medium.
Use of Antifibrosis Agents and Glaucoma Drainage Devices in the American and Japanese Glaucoma Societies (1997)

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin was the preferred surgical procedure among AGS and JGS members in the clinical situations surveyed. Mitomycin concentration and time of application varied widely. Many respondents used 5-fluorouracil or no antimetabolite in primary trabeculectomy. Glaucoma drainage devices were widely used for complicated glaucomas in the United States.
Thermal Energy Reactions of Size-Selected Hydrated Electron Clusters (H<sub>2</sub>O)<i><sub>n</sub></i><sup>-</sup> (1996)

The reactions of hydrated electron clusters (H2O)n-, n ∼ 15−30, with several neutral electron scavengers were studied in a selected ion flow tube apparatus at 100 K. The reactions with CO2, O2, and NO primarily produced the solvated charge transfer ions CO2-(H2O)n-1, O2-(H2O)n-5, and NO-(H2O)n-3,n-4, respectively. The reactions with N2O produced both O-(H2O)n-4 and OH-(H2O)n-3,n-4 product ion distributions. The number of neutral water molecules lost from the water clusters during these reactions is strongly correlated to the overall reaction exothermicities. The present measurements yield a value of 0.37 eV for the average effective monomer dissociation energy, D[(H2O)n···(H2O)]. The CO2 reactions proceed at the collision rate, while the NO, N2O, and O2 reaction rates are significantly less than the corresponding collision rates. The reaction efficiencies for the CO2, NO, and O2 reactions can be rationalized on the basis of spin considerations. A proposed electron transfer mechanism is discussed that considers the diabatic free energy curves which correspond to the electron being predominantly associated with either the water cluster or the scavenger molecule. A comparison of the present results with a previous molecular beam reactivity study illustrates the competition between two cluster cooling mechanisms: evaporation and collisional quenching.
[Effectiveness of ketotifen--a drug stabilizing mast cell membranes--in the treatment of chronic forms of Horton's headache]. (1984)

The authors made an attempt at treating chronic cluster headache with ketotifen (Zaditen, Sandoz). The drug is the first known agent stabilizing the cell membrane of mast cells which may be taken orally. The treatment was administered to 15 patients giving the drug in doses of 1 mg thrice daily for 8 weeks. A very good therapeutic effect was achieved in 8 cases. Good effect was noticed in 5 cases. In 2 cases only slight improvement was obtained. Reduction in the number of headache attacks occured already in the first week of treatment and progressed gradually during 8 weeks of this treatment.
Microcontroller based talking thermometer (2002)

The paper presents the design of a talking thermometer based on microcontroller MC68HC11. It announces the temperature in both Fahrenheit and Celsius using a SPO 256-AL2 speech synthesis integrated circuit from General Instruments. The E port of MC68HC11 is used as an input port, which converts the voltage received from the transducer into an 8-bit number. The thermometer was built and tested, it exhibits an accuracy of /spl plusmn/1/spl deg/F.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cervical orthoses. A study comparing their effectiveness in restricting cervical motion in normal subjects (1977)

The effectiveness of five cervical orthoses in restricting cervical motion was evaluated quantitatively in normal subjects using roentgenograms and overhead photographs made at the extremes of three planes of motion, while the effectiveness of the halo with a plastic body-vest was studied in seven patients with cervical fractures or local fusions. Flexion and extension were measured at each cervical intervertebral joint and combined cervical motion was measured for rotation and lateral bending. The best conventional braces restricted only 45 per cent of flexion-extension at the atlanto-axial joint; the halo restricted 75 per cent. The conventional braces were more effective in the middle and lower portions of the cervical spine. The results may prove to be useful guidelines for the selection of an appropriate orthosis to control motion in different planes and at different levels of the spine.
Photoelastic channel optical waveguides in epitaxial GaAs layers (1980)

Photoelastic channel optical waveguides have been fabricated in GaAs epitaxial layers. These waveguides exhibit strong lateral confinement in a single region of their cross-section. They compare favourably with previously demonstrated integrated optical waveguide structures.
Comparison of haem <i>a</i>, the dichroic haem of heart muscle, and of porphyrin <i>a</i> with compounds of known structure (1951)

1. ,B-Ketoadipic acid has been shown to arise by ring fission in the metabolism of phenol and benzoic acid by a vibrio species.
Lipoteichoic Acids from<i>Lactobacillus</i>Strains Elicit Strong Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Inducing Activities in Macrophages through Toll-Like Receptor 2 (2003)

Lactobacilli are nonpathogenic gram-positive inhabitants of microflora. At least some Lactobacillus strains have been postulated to have health beneficial effects, such as the stimulation of the immune system. Here we examined the stimulatory effects of lactobacilli on mouse immune cells. All six heat-killed Lactobacillus strains examined induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) from mouse splenic mononuclear cells, albeit to various degrees. When fractionated subcellular fractions of Lactobacillus casei were tested for NF-kappaB activation and TNF-alpha production in RAW264.7, a mouse macrophage cell line, the activity was found to be as follows: protoplast > cell wall >> polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex. Both crude extracts and purified lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) from two Lactobacillus strains, L. casei and L. fermentum, significantly induced TNF-alpha secretion from RAW264.7 cells and splenocytes of C57BL/6, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ mice but not from splenocytes of C57BL/6 TLR2(-/-) mice. Lactobacillus LTA induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, in HEK293T cells transected with a combination of CD14 and Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), NF-kappaB was activated in response to Lactobacillus LTA. Taken together, these data suggest that LTAs from lactobacilli elicit proinflammatory activities through TLR2.
150 KGate general-purpose high-coding-gain TCM VLSIs for high-speed multi-level QAM systems (2002)

Multilevel trellis-coded QAM (quadrature amplitude modulation) VLSIs were designed and developed. These VLSIs realize a coding gain of 7.9 dB with SPORT-256 QAM. The VLSIs contain an encoder, a mapper, and a decoder for trellis-coded 16, 32, 64, 128, and 256 QAM utilizing general mapping. The VLSIs also function as a phase ambiguity rejection circuit for a recovered carrier and error pulse generator. Using small-size and low-power path memory, 150K gates are achieved utilizing two chips with die sizes of 8*11 mm/sup 2/ and 14*14 mm/sup 2/. The VLSIs realize maximum data throughput rates of 17 Mb/s (guaranteed) and 30 Mb/s. The devices are designed with BiCMOS 0.8 mu m, utilizing the HSL-FX language for functional design and ALPHA2 for layout design schemes. Experimental results on bit error rate, signature performance, and synchronization performance for phase ambiguity rejection are presented. The developed VLSIs are effective for outage-free digital microwave radio systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Tool for Molecular Imaging: The Microvolumetric   Blood Counter (2007)

The microBC is a compact automated counter allowing real-time measurement of blood radioactivity for pharmacokinetic studies in animals as small as mice. Reliable and reproducible, the device makes it possible to increase the throughput of pharmacokinetic studies with reduced blood sample handling and staff exposure, contributing to speed up new drug development and evaluation.