gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals of foods, beverages and fruit vinegars: chemistry and health effects. (2008)

Plant-based foods and food ingredients provide a wide range of phytochemicals and antioxidants that render their beneficial health effects through a number of mechanisms. The presence of phenolics in different plant materials and beverages depends on the source material which dictates the type and quantity present. In addition, processing of raw materials, including fermentation, may alter the chemical nature and efficacy of their phenolic constituents. While vinegar has traditionally been used for food preservation and as a seasoning, more recently, fruit vinegars with different sensory characteristics have appeared in the marketplace. In addition to acetic acid, fruit vinegars often contain citric, malic, lactic, and tartaric acids and may also include phenolics, some of which are produced as a result of fermentaion. The beneficial health effects of fruit vinegars may in part be related to the process-induced changes in their phenolics and generation of new antioxidative phenolics during fermentation.
The Clean Air Act impacts on rail coal (1991)

These factors are examined in this article. In November 1990, President Bush signed the Clean Air Act amendments of 1990 into law. Title IV, concerning acid rain control, calls for a two-phase reduction in power plant sulfur-dioxide emissions, culminating in a nationwide cap after the year 2000. A large part of this reduction will be obtained through substituting low-sulfur coals for the higher-sulfur fuels now used. Most commentators have characterized this legislation as a boon for low-sulfur coal producers and the railroads serving them. If, as projected, up to one-eighth of existing coal-burning plants shift to more distant suppliers, a surge in rail traffic would ensue. Whether this traffic originates at eastern or western mines, rail carriers would obtain longer hauls and greater coal volumes. We have examined the rail transport implications of the amendments and found that the potential rail benefits may be exaggerated. Although traffic volume will grow, margins on some new traffic are likely to be eroded by continued rate competition and reduced productivity. To satisfy coal transport needs in the 1990s, factors that challenge rail productivity must be recognized and resolved.
Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learning (2025)

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is the problem of learning the reward function underlying a Markov Decision Process given the dynamics of the system and the behaviour of an expert. IRL is motivated by situations where knowledge of the rewards is a goal by itself (as in preference elicitation) and by the task of apprenticeship learning (learning policies from an expert). In this paper we show how to combine prior knowledge and evidence from the expert's actions to derive a probability distribution over the space of reward functions. We present efficient algorithms that find solutions for the reward learning and apprenticeship learning tasks that generalize well over these distributions. Experimental results show strong improvement for our methods over previous heuristic-based approaches.
Analysis of combinatorial effects of Wnts and Frizzleds on β‐catenin/armadillo stabilization and Dishevelled phosphorylation (2005)

Both Wnt ligands and Frizzled (Fz) receptors each constitute a large family in vertebrates, but the receptor specificity of each Wnt has remained largely unknown. Here, we examined the receptor specificity of two typical Wnts, Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a, in signal transmission. To investigate systematically the combinatorial effects of these Wnts, various Fzs on canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling, we analyzed the ability of these Wnt proteins to increase stability of armadillo/beta-catenin proteins in Drosophila S2 cells expressing vertebrate Fzs. Wnt-3a increases the amount of armadillo proteins in cells expressing Fzs 4, 5 and 8, but not Fzs 3 and 6; whereas Wnt-5a does not increase it in any cell line. In contrast, both Wnt-3a and Wnt-5a increase the phosphorylation of Dsh in combination with most of the Fzs. This Dsh phosphorylation is abrogated by decreasing the levels of casein kinase I alpha by double-stranded RNA-mediated translational interference. These observations indicate that both Wnt proteins can interact with the majority of Fz receptors and elicit signaling reactions exemplified by Dsh phosphorylation but that the stabilization of beta-catenin/armadillo proteins in the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling occurs only when specific combinations of Wnt and Fz meet.
T-cell immune responses in Mycobacterium avium-infected mice (1992)

Mycobacterium avium infection was substantially more severe in C57BL/6 (Bcgs) than in (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 hybrid (Bcgr) mice both in terms of bacterial growth in the spleens and lungs and in host survival. Prior Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination resulted in increased resistance as well as enhanced tuberculin hypersensitivity to both PPD-S (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and PPD-A (M. avium). Mice heavily infected with M. avium were used as T-cell donors in an adoptive transfer system. Substantial resistance was observed for both recipient hosts regardless of the genotype of the donor strain. Transfer of resistance was ablated by treatment of the immune spleen cells with anti-Thy 1.2 monoclonal antibody and complement or by cyclophosphamide treatment. Spleen cells which were monodepleted of L3T4+ or Lyt-2+ T cells did not lose their ability to transfer resistance against a subsequent challenge. However, when these cells were doubly deleted, all resistance was ablated in both the BCG-susceptible and -resistant mice. The recipient host expressed a detectable adoptive immune response although the donor had been unable to reduce the growth of the primary M. avium infection in vivo.
Quantitative evaluation of the expression ofMAGE genes in tumors by limiting dilution of cDNA libraries (1999)

The MAGE-A genes are expressed in tumor cells but not in healthy tissues, except in male germ line cells and in placenta. They encode tumor-specific antigens recognized by autologous cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTLs). On the basis of semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays, 6 of the 12 members of the MAGE-A family, including MAGE-A1, were previously reported to have a high level of expression in tumors, whereas 5 other members, including MAGE-A10, were expressed at a much lower level, deemed to be insufficient for CTL recognition. However, analysis with antibodies has shown that some melanoma cell lines contain equivalent amounts of MAGE-A1 and MAGE-A10 proteins. This discrepancy appeared to be due to the low efficacy of the primers that had been used for the previous MAGE-A10 RT-PCR assays. This led us to develop a method that is independent of the efficacy of the PCR primers to evaluate MAGE-A gene expression. cDNA libraries from tumor cell lines were introduced into bacteria, of which 200 pools of about 500 bacteria were maintained in microcultures. The frequencies of the MAGE-A cDNA clones in each library were evaluated by performing PCR assays on each of these pools. The abundance of MAGE-A10 cDNAs was found to be similar to that of MAGE-A1 in 3 of the libraries that were analyzed, including 2 with high expression (1/6,400), confirming that MAGE-A10 is expressed at a high level. MAGE-A2, A3, A4, A6 and A12 cDNAs were also confirmed often to be present at a frequency of more than 1/10,000, a level of expression that should suffice for recognition of antigenic peptides encoded by these genes by cytolytic T cells. The remaining MAGE genes are either not expressed in tumors or are expressed at a very low level, with the exception of MAGE-A8 and 11, which show high expression in a very small number of tumors. This method also allowed us to isolate 5 MAGE-A cDNAs that we had not obtained previously, enabling us to delineate the exons in the sequences of genes MAGE-A5, A8, A9, A10 and A11.
Production, purification, and characterization of an extracellular chitosanase from Streptomyces (1975)

The synthesis by Streptomyces sp. no. 6 of an extracellular chitosanase was induced by glucosamine. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity by Sephadex G-100, carboxymethyl-cellulose, and diethylaminoethyl-cellulose chromatography. The purified enzyme hydrolyzed chitosan (the beta-1,4-linked polymer of glucosamine) but not chitin nor carboxymethyl-cellulose. The only products of the hydrolysis detectable by paper chromatography were di- and triglucosamine. Sephadex G-100 chromatography and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the molecular weight of the enzyme was between 29,000 and 26,000. Acid hydrolysates of the enzyme contained no cysteic acid or glucosamine or other carbohydrate. At 25 C, maximum activity was obtained between pH 4.5 and 6.5. The enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan occurred over a wide range of temperatures and was maximal at 60 C. The rate of the reaction was inhibited by concentrations of soluble chitosan higher than 0.5 g/liter. The apparent Km calculated from a Lineweaver-Burke plot was 0.688 g/liter at pH 5.5. The enzyme prevented spore germination and caused a significant decrease in the turbidity of germinated spore suspensions of the Mucor strains tested. Such a decrease was the result of a partial lysis of the cell wall.
Hyaluronan fragments induce cytokine and metalloprotease upregulation in human melanoma cells in part by signalling via TLR4 (2007)

Small fragments of the extracellular matrix component hyaluronic acid (sHA) are typically produced at sites of inflammation and tissue injury and have been shown to be associated with tumor invasiveness and metastasis. Here we report that exposure of human melanoma cells to sHA leads to nuclear factor kB (NFk-B) activation followed by enhanced expression of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) 2 and interleukin (IL)-8, factors that can contribute to melanoma progression. At the receptor level, we found that Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 is involved in this signalling pathway, similar to the case in dendritic and endothelial cells. Specifically, we found that melanoma cells expressed TLR4 on their surface in vivo and in vitro, and using specific siRNA, we could clearly demonstrate the functional importance of TLR4 in sHA-triggered activation of IL-8 expression in melanoma cells. Furthermore, we also found that sHA treatment enhanced the motility of melanoma cells, an effect that could again be blocked by TLR4-specific siRNA. Together, our results suggest that sHA in melanoma might promote tumor invasiveness by inducing MMP- and cytokine-expression, in part in a TLR4-dependent manner, providing new insights into the relationship between cancer and innate immunity.
A Single-Strand Annealing Protein Clamps DNA to Detect and Secure Homology (2015)

Repair of DNA breaks by single-strand annealing (SSA) is a major mechanism for the maintenance of genomic integrity. SSA is promoted by proteins (single-strand-annealing proteins [SSAPs]), such as eukaryotic RAD52 and λ phage Redβ. These proteins use a short single-stranded region to find sequence identity and initiate homologous recombination. However, it is unclear how SSAPs detect homology and catalyze annealing. Using single-molecule experiments, we provide evidence that homology is recognized by Redβ monomers that weakly hold single DNA strands together. Once annealing begins, dimerization of Redβ clamps the double-stranded region and nucleates nucleoprotein filament growth. In this manner, DNA clamping ensures and secures a successful detection for DNA sequence homology. The clamp is characterized by a structural change of Redβ and a remarkable stability against force up to 200 pN. Our findings not only present a detailed explanation for SSAP action but also identify the DNA clamp as a very stable, noncovalent, DNA-protein interaction.
Pulse Oximetry for Vascular Monitoring in Burned Upper Extremities (1988)

The reliability and accuracy of pulse oximetry as a monitoring device in deep superficial and full-thickness circumferential burns of the upper extremity were evaluated clinically. Pulse oximetry was correlated with the laser Doppler flowmeter experimentally in healthy volunteers. By continuously monitoring oxygen saturation levels, the pulse oximeter detected extremity hypoxia before it resulted in an adverse outcome. Extremities exhibiting oxygen saturation above 95% were treated with early excision and skin grafting without escharotomy. Extremities with O2 saturations of less than 95% underwent immediate escharotomy with return to normal saturation levels. The pulse oximeter is easy to use by nursing personnel; is noninvasive and accurate; and displays the oxygen saturation level within seconds.
ErbB2 and EGFR are downmodulated during the differentiation of 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes (2003)

The expression of receptors belonging to the epidermal growth factor receptor subfamily has been largely studied these last years in epithelial cells mainly as involved in cell proliferation and malignant progression. Although much work has focused on the role of these growth factor receptors in the differentiation of a variety of tissues, there is little information in regards to normal stromal cells. We investigated erbB2 expression in the murine fibroblast cell line Swiss 3T3L1, which naturally or hormonally induced undergoes adipocyte differentiation. We found that the Swiss 3T3-L1 fibroblasts express erbB2, in addition to EGFR, and in a quantity comparable to or even greater than the breast cancer cell line T47D. Proliferating cells increased erbB2 and EGFR levels when reaching confluence up to 4- and 10-fold, respectively. This expression showed a significant decrease when growth-arrested cells were stimulated to differentiate with dexamethasone and isobutyl-methylxanthine. Differentiated cells presented a decreased expression of both erbB2 and EGFR regardless of whether the cells were hormonally or spontaneously differentiated. EGF stimulation of serum-starved cells increased erbB2 tyrosine phosphorylation and retarded erbB2 migration in SDS-PAGE, suggesting receptor association and activation. Heregulin-alpha1 and -beta1, two EGF related factors, had no effect on erbB2 or EGFR phosphorylation. Although 3T3-L1 cells expressed heregulin, its specific receptors, erbB3 and erbB4, were not found. This is the first time in which erbB2 is reported to be expressed in an adipocytic cell line which does not depend on non EGF family growth factors (thyroid hormone, growth hormone, etc.) to accomplish adipose differentiation. Since erbB2 and EGFR expression were downmodulated as differentiation progressed it is conceivable that a mechanism of switching from a mitogenic to a differentiating signaling pathway may be involved, through regulation of the expression of these growth factor receptors.
Fabrication of Petal-Shaped Vertical Field Emitter Arrays (1995)

We have invented a novel field emitter array (FEA) with a petal-shaped design. The emitter has a metal-disk fitted into a silicon (111) pyramidal hole; viewed from an angle it resembles the petal of a flower. We have elucidated the relationships between the detailed structure and the emission characteristics and have achieved the threshold voltage of 60 V, the emission current of 20 µA at the gate voltage of 150 V and the anode current fraction of 90% in this new structure. We could fabricate the present FEA as easily as the disk-shaped lateral FEA, and it gives a much higher anode current fraction than does the latter. We have also investigated the improvement of the surface condition of the emitter, and obtained the lowest threshold voltage of 17 V with metal-coated FEAs.
Promotion of Fracture Healing by Vitamin E in Rats (2004)

We investigated the effects of the antioxidant alphae-tocopherol on early- and late-phase fracture healing in a rat model. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups. The right tibia of each rat was fractured manually under anaesthesia, and fracture sites fixed with intramedullary Kirschner wires. The alpha-tocopherol group received 20 mg/kg alpha-tocopherol intraperitoneally; the control group received intraperitoneal saline injections. Ten rats from each group were sacrificed on day 15, day 45 and day 60. In the alpha-tocopherol group, malondialdehyde concentrations, a measure of lipid peroxidation associated with oxygen free radicals, were significantly decreased on day 15 and day 45 compared with the control group, but had regained the 15-day value on day 60. On histopathological and radiological assessment, fracture healing on day 60 was significantly more advanced in the alpha-tocopherol group. We conclude that alpha-tocopherol has a positive effect on both early and late-phase fracture healing, and may be beneficial in clinical fracture
Novel Energy-Saving Materials for Microwave Heating (2008)

Novel foams and plates of Fe2O3−Li2O−SiO2−Al2O3 composition made from a mixture of Fe3O4 and petalite mineral have been discovered to get rapidly heated under microwave irradiation and have relatively high heat energy holding ability compared to the presently used commercial ceramics. The Fe3O4 component transformed to Fe2O3 is responsible for microwave-assisted rapid self-heating of the composites and the relatively low thermal conductivity of these composites leads to their high heat holding ability. These novel ceramics are being commercialized as microwave ware. They also have potential applications in remediation of organic contaminants by facilitating ultrafast decomposition upon microwave irradiation as demonstrated with cooking oil as an example.
The murine<i>Hox-2.4</i>promoter contains a functional octamer motif (1992)

Like other HOX genes the murine Hox-2.4 gene is thought to be involved in regional specification along the antero-posterior axis. In addition it has been reported to have oncogenic potential. We studied expression Hox-2.4 in murine EC cells and determined the transcription start site. Studies of DNA-protein interactions in the promoter region showed that the Hox-2.4 promoter contains a CCAAT box and a perfect octamer motif, which is capable of binding Oct-factors. Cotransfection of Oct expression vectors influences the transcriptional activity of the promoter, suggesting that the Oct-gene family may be involved in regulating HOX genes.
Purification of genomic sequences from bacteriophage libraries by recombination and selection<i>in vivo</i> (1983)

Cloned genes have been purified from recombinant DNA bacteriophage libraries by a method exploiting homologous reciprocal recombination in vivo. In this method 'probe' sequences are inserted in a very small plasmid vector and introduced into recombination-proficient bacterial cells. Genomic bacteriophage libraries are propagated on the cells, and phage bearing sequences homologous to the probe acquire an integrated copy of the plasmid by reciprocal recombination. Phage bearing integrated plasmids can be purified from the larger pool of phage lacking plasmid integrates by growth under the appropriate selective conditions.
A Silica Gel-Supported Ruthenium Complex of 1,4,7-Trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane as Recyclable Catalyst for Chemoselective Oxidation of Alcohols and Alkenes by <i>tert</i>-Butyl Hydroperoxide (2002)

A silica gel-immobilized [(Me(3)tacn)Ru(III)(CF(3)COO)(2)(H(2)O)]CF(3)CO(2) complex (1-SiO(2), Me(3)tacn = 1,4,7-trimethyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane) was prepared by simple impregnation, and the catalyst was characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption/desorption, Raman, and diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectroscopies. The supported Ru catalyst can effect facile oxidation of alcohols by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP). Primary and secondary benzyl, allylic, and propargylic alcohols were transformed to their corresponding aldehydes and ketones in excellent yields; no oxidation of the C=C and Ctbd1;C bonds was observed for the allylic and propargylic alcohol oxidations. Likewise alkene epoxidation by TBHP can be achieved by 1-SiO(2); cycloalkenes such as norbornene and cyclooctene were oxidized to their exo-epoxides exclusively in excellent yields (>95%). The 1-SiO(2) catalyst can be recycled and reused for consecutive alcohol and alkene oxidations without significant loss of catalytic activity and selectivity; over 9000 turnovers have been attained for the oxidation of 1-phenyl-1-propanol to 1-phenyl-1-propanone. 4-Substituted phenols were oxidized by the "1 + TBHP" protocol to give exclusively ruthenium-catecholate complexes, which were characterized by UV-vis and ESI-MS spectroscopies. No (tert-butyldioxy)cyclohexadienone and other radical coupling/overoxidation products were produced using the "1 + TBHP" protocol. The formation of ruthenium-catecholate is proposed to proceed via ortho-hydroxylation of phenol.
Editorial Comment. (1910)

Journal Article Editorial Comment. Get access P. C. P. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Monist, Volume 20, Issue 2, 1 April 1910, Pages 298–299, https://doi.org/10.1093/monist/20.2.298 Published: 03 January 2015
Early detection and classification of bearing faults using support vector machine algorithm (2017)

Bearings are one of the most critical elements in rotating machinery systems. Bearing faults are the main reason for failures in electrical motors and generators. Therefore, early bearing fault detection is very important to prevent critical system failures in the industry. In this paper, the support vector machine algorithm is used for early detection and classification of bearing faults. Both time and frequency domain features are used for training the support vector machine learning algorithm. The trained classier can be employed for real-time bearing fault detection and classification. By using the proposed method, the bearing faults can be detected at early stages, and the machine operators have time to take preventive action before a large-scale failure. The usefulness of the algorithm is validated by using a run-to-failure experimental test data.
An Improved Bagging Neural Network Ensemble Algorithm and Its Application (2007)

For aggregation to be effective the component artificial neural networks (ANNs) must be as accurate and diverse as possible, an improved Bagging neural network ensemble algorithm is proposed to cope with this problem. The Euclidean distances between two arbitrary samples of the original training set are analyzed, the training subsets of component ANNs are distilled from this set then. The subsets elements have good properties of ergodicity and representativeness in sample space. The outputs of component ANNs are combined via weighted averaging and the optimal weights are determined by particle swarm optimization. Experimental studies on four typical regression datasets show that this approach has improved the quality of training subsets. Thus, the ensemble generalization ability is improved. Finally the improved algorithm is applied to construct an ANN-based soft sensor model for real-time measuring the ethylene yield. Application results show that this model has high measuring precision as well as good generalization ability.
Advanced Drug Formulation Design to Optimize Therapeutic Outcomes (2007)

Advanced drug formulation design to optimize therapeutic outcomes , Advanced drug formulation design to optimize therapeutic outcomes , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران