gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urbanismo magico? O urbanismo macintosh?: La città ispanoamericana tra McOndo e Santa Teresa (2012)

italianoL’articolo si propone di riflettere sulle rappresentazioni della citta nella narrativa ispanoamericana attuale, a partire da due testi esemplari della produzione dell’ultimo quindicennio: i racconti contenuti nell’antologia McOndo, curata da Alberto Fuguet e Sergio Gomez (1996), e il romanzo 2666 di Roberto Bolano (2004). Nei primi, si individua un ricorrente spazio liminale, quello dell’automobile, funzionale all’attraversamento delle linee di confine, materiali e immaginarie, interne all’ambiente urbano. Nel secondo, ci si concentra sul valore paradigmatico assunto dalla citta di Santa Teresa quale ‘cuore oscuro’ della contemporaneita e delle sue contraddizioni. EnglishThe article aims to reflect on the representations of the city in current Hispano-American fiction, starting from two exemplary texts from the production of the last fifteen years: the stories contained in the anthology McOndo, edited by Alberto Fuguet and Sergio Gomez (1996), and the novel 2666 by Roberto Bolano (2004). In the former, a recurring liminal space is identified, that of the automobile, functional for crossing the boundary lines, both material and imaginary, within the urban environment. In the second, we focus on the paradigmatic value assumed by the city of Santa Teresa as the 'dark heart' of contemporaneity and its contradictions.
High temperature and temperature programming in high-performance liquid chromatography: Instrumental considerations (1999)

The successful application of high temperature and temperature programming in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) requires the appropriate configuration of a chromatographic system and selection of proper column dimensions. Knowing the exact column temperature is important, especially if a developed method is to be transferred to another laboratory or is going to be performed on a chromatographic instrument with a different heating system. We have examined the suitability of several columns of different bore diameters in isothermal and temperature programming modes. The effect of different mobile phase flow rates on the overall system performance was also studied. Low volumetric flow rates, which generate high linear velocity in capillary and narrow-bore columns, allow fast heat equilibration between column wall and bulk liquid. The uniformity of the column heating, observed in the narrow-bore columns, is another characteristic that favors small diameter columns over the wide-bore columns. Mobile phase preheating significantly improves system performance, minimizing the effect of axial and radial temperature gradients on separation quality. The use of temperature programming in HPLC can be improved through the appropriate selection of the heating systems and by optimization of operating parameters, such as column dimensions and mobile phase flow rate. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 403–413, 1999
Electric Field Sensor Based on a Varactor Diode/MIS/MOS Structure (2010)

In this paper a voltage controlled variable capacitance is being proposed as a method for non-contacting measurement of electric fields. There are several microelectronic devices that can be utilized for that purpose: a varactor (a.k.a. varicap), a MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) or a MIS (metal-insulator-semiconductor) structure. The construction that has been tested and presented in this paper is based on a varactor diode. Although numerous non-contacting instrument designs are widely available, they either lack precision (meters utilizing Kerr or Pockel effect, rotating vane fieldmeters, fieldmeters with mechanically vibrating sensors) or are relatively expensive and complicated (electrostatic voltmeters). Other types of electric field meters such as capacitive coupling or induction instruments rely on variation of the electric quantity that is being measured, therefore they are not useful for detection and quantification of static (DC) electric charges and fields. The sensor used in the experiment described in this manuscript can be used for the DC and AC electric field measurements. The construction is very simple, therefore inexpensive, and it can be easily miniaturized.
Millimeter-wave, lumped-element, Gunn VCO's with ultrawideband (20 GHz) tuning (2003)

The development and performance of a state-of-the-art millimeter-wave ultrabroadband VCO (voltage-controlled oscillator) are described. The VCO is varactor tuned at fundamental frequency, and output is obtained from the in-situ-generated Gunn diode second harmonic. Inherently broadband tuning capability is provided by the use of a lumped-element circuit form, reactively terminating the varactor-tuned fundamental oscillation band, and the use of the second harmonic as output. The measured performance includes continuous tuning from 46 to 66 GHz and a 20-GHz tuning range, with a maximum power output of +6 dBm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved Stereo Matching with Constant Highway Networks and Reflective Confidence Learning (2016)

We present an improved three-step pipeline for the stereo matching problem and introduce multiple novelties at each stage. We propose a new highway network architecture for computing the matching cost at each possible disparity, based on multilevel weighted residual shortcuts, trained with a hybrid loss that supports multilevel comparison of image patches. A novel post-processing step is then introduced, which employs a second deep convolutional neural network for pooling global information from multiple disparities. This network outputs both the image disparity map, which replaces the conventional "winner takes all" strategy, and a confidence in the prediction. The confidence score is achieved by training the network with a new technique that we call the reflective loss. Lastly, the learned confidence is employed in order to better detect outliers in the refinement step. The proposed pipeline achieves state of the art accuracy on the largest and most competitive stereo benchmarks, and the learned confidence is shown to outperform all existing alternatives.
Damage-recognition proteins as a potential indicator of DNA-damage-mediated sensitivity or resistance of human cells to ultraviolet radiation (1992)

We have previously identified damage-recognition proteins that bind to cisplatin[cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), a DNA cross-linking agent]- or u.v.-modified DNA in HeLa cells [Chao, Huang, Huang & Lin-Chao (1991) Mol. Cell. Biol. 11, 2075-2080; Chao, Huang, Lee & Lin-Chao (1991) Biochem. J. 277, 875-878]. In the present study we compared damage-recognition proteins in cells expressing different sensitivities to DNA damage. An increase in damage-recognition proteins and an enhancement of plasmid re-activation were detected in HeLa cells resistant to cisplatin and u.v. However, repair-defective cells derived from xeroderma-pigmentosum (a rare skin disease) patients did not express less cisplatin damage-recognition proteins than repair-competent cells, suggesting that damage-recognition-protein expression may not be related to DNA repair. By contrast, cells resistant to DNA damage consistently expressed high levels of u.v.-modified-DNA damage-recognition proteins. The results support the notion that u.v. damage-recognition proteins are different from those that bind to cisplatin. These findings also suggest that the damage-recognition proteins identified could be used as potential indicators of the sensitivity or resistance of cells to u.v.
Plant Lipases: Partial Purification of Carica papaya Lipase (2012)

Lipases from plants have very interesting features for application in different fields. This chapter provides an overview on some of the most important aspects of plant lipases, such as sources, applications, physiological functions, and specificities. Lipases from laticifers and particularly Carica papaya lipase (CPL) have emerged as a versatile autoimmobilized biocatalyst. However, to get a better understanding of CPL biocatalytic properties, the isolation and purification of individual C. papaya lipolytic enzymes become necessary. In this chapter, a practical protocol for partial purification of the latex-associated lipolytic activity from C. papaya is given.
[Neurotrophins and their receptors in tumors]. (2006)

Neurotrophins are structurally related growth polypeptide factors that play an essential role in the development and functioning of the vertebrate nervous system. They provide forming and survival of different neuron populations of the central and peripheral nervous system. Neurotrophins are also involved in the processes of higher nervous activity. Neurotrophins are active not only in the nervous system; these universal trophic factors are important for the development, proliferation, and maintaining of different tissues including tumor tissues. Changes in the neurotrophin signaling system are significant for the pathogenesis of malignancies at the initiation stage as well as during the tumor progression. Neurotrophins and their receptors are complex multi-component system controlled in a very complicated manner. This system can affect the cells and tissues in different ways; the final results of neurotrophin action vary from cell maintenance and survival to apoptosis. Differences in mechanisms and results of the neurotrophin action depend on the cell and tissue type in which the system works. The effects of the neurotrophin signaling are especially variable in different malignancies. In the review we summarize the information on the neurotrophin signaling in various tumors and demonstrate its contribution to the disease course.
Electromagnetic Velometry. II. Elimination of the Effects of Induced Currents in Explorations of the Velocity Distribution in Axially Symmetrical Flow (1954)

The distribution of electrical potential in a conduit carrying an axially symmetrical flow through an homogeneous magnetic field, which is perpendicular to the flow, is analyzed. It is shown that it is possible to eliminate the difficulties arising from induced currents in electromagnetic determinations of the velocity distribution by measuring the potential gradient ∂ψ/∂y (y being ⊥H and ⊥v) along a diameter bisecting the angle between the H axis and the Y axis. The knowledge of the distribution of (∂ψ/∂y)45° at a known discharge through the conduit determines the velocity distribution v=f(r).
Electrocardiogram signal preprocessing for automatic detection of QRS boundaries (1999)

Automatic detection of QRS onset and offset points with reasonable accuracy has been a difficult task, approached since the first attempts at computerised electrocardiogram interpretation. The problem is additionally complicated by the usual presence of power-line interference, electromyogram artefacts and baseline fluctuation in the original signal, especially in multiphase complexes with small q, r, r', or s' waves. We propose a preprocessing method guaranteeing accurate preservation of the QRS boundaries, even in the existence of strong power-line or electromyogram noise. Examples of detection of QRS onset and offset points and a comparison with observer markings are presented for the assessment of preprocessing efficiency and detection consistency.
A Facile Synthesis of Imidotetraphenyldiphosphinic Acids (1978)

Abstract A facile synthesis of HN[PO(C6H5)2]2(3), HN[PS(C6H5)2]2(4), HN[PSe(C6H5)2]2(5) and N[PNH2(C6H5)2]2Br(6) is described. The reaction of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane and chlorodiphenylphosphine yields bis(diphenylphosphino)imine which then reacts with H2O2 in THF to give 3; with sulfur in toluene to give 4, with potassium selenocyanate in acetonitrile, followed by HCl/acetone, to give 5 and with bromine in dichloromethane, followed by ammonia to give 6.
BOOK AND ARTICLE REVIEW SECTION (1966)

Book reviewed in this article: Crites, John O. “Measurement of Vocational Maturity in Adolescence: Attitude Test of the Vocational Development Inventory,” Psychological Monographs. McCall, John N. and Moore, Gilbert D., “Do Interest Inventories Measure Estimated Abilities,” The Personnel and Guidance Journal.
Laterally grown porous polycrystalline silicon: a new material for transducer applications (2002)

The formation of porous polycrystalline silicon with pore growth constrained in a thin film has been demonstrated. The overlying silicon nitride layer is optically transparent and allows direct observation of the evolving pore structure. The porous microstructure was characterized using transmission electron microscopy. In addition to measuring growth rates, the authors have explored the transition to the condition of uniform attack and have exploited this effect to form novel structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Anti-CD20 treatment for B-cell malignancies: current status and future directions (2020)

The introduction of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapy with rituximab in the 1990s greatly improved outcomes for patients with B-cell malignancies. Disease resistance or relapse after successful initial therapy and declining efficacy of subsequent rounds of treatment were the basis for the development of alternative anti-CD20-based antibody therapies.The novel anti-CD20 antibodies of atumumab, ublituximab, and obinutuzumab were developed to be differentiated via structural and mechanistic features over rituximab. We provide an overview of preclinical and clinical data, and demonstrate ways in which the pharmacodynamic properties of these novel agents translate into clinical benefit for patients.Of the novel anti-CD20 antibodies, only obinutuzumab has shown consistently improved efficacy over rituximab in randomized pivotal trials in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The Phase 3 GALLIUM trial demonstrated significant improvements in progression-free survival with obinutuzumab-based immunochemotherapy over rituximab-based immunochemotherapy. Novel combinations of obinutuzumab, including with chemotherapy-free options are being explored, such as with the newly approved combinations of obinutuzumab with venetoclax, ibrutinib, or acalabrutinib. The biggest unmet need remains in the treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; emerging options in this field include the use of CAR-T cells and T-cell bispecific antibodies.
Regional Distribution of Cytochrome P‐450 in the Rat Brain: Spectral Quantitation and Contribution of P‐450b,e and P‐450c,d (1988)

The cytochrome P-450 (P-450) content of different regions of the rat brain was measured after partial purification of the enzyme from homogenates, and the quantitative contribution of P-450b,e and P-450c,d to brain P-450 was assessed by Western immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry using rabbit antibodies raised against purified hepatic P-450b and P-450c, respectively). P-450 could be quantitated by its reduced CO difference spectrum after chromatography of homogenates on p-chloroamphetamine-coupled Sepharose. The yield of P-450 from whole brain was 90 +/- 19 pmol/g of tissue, which is approximately 1% of the level in liver microsomes from control rats. The amount of P-450 recovered from homogenates of olfactory lobes, hypothalamus, thalamus, striatum, cerebral cortex, and brainstem varied between 40 and 100 pmol/g of tissue. The cerebellum was a region of exceptionally high P-450 content, with yields of up to 400 pmol/g whereas the substantia nigra yielded only 16-20 pmol/g. Immunohistochemical studies with anti-P-450b and anti-P-450c revealed intense staining of a limited number of cells in the cerebellum with both antibodies and in the thalamus only with anti-P-450c. In the cerebellum, both anti-P-450b and anti-P-450c stained the Bergmann glial cells together with their radial processes. Individual glial cells in the granular cell layer were also stained. There was no staining of Purkinje cells. In the thalamus, anti-P-450b gave weak staining of certain astroglia, but with anti-P-450c, there was intense staining of neuronal somata.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Comparison of lymphokine secretion and mRNA expression in the CD45RA<sup>+</sup> and CD45RO<sup>+</sup> subsets of human peripheral blood CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes (1995)

Flow cytometric analysis of human peripheral blood T lymphocytes demonstrated that the majority of the CD4+ cells were CD29+ or CD45RO+ "mature" cells while the CD8+ cells were primarily CD45RA+ "native" cells. After an initial separation into CD4+ and CD8+ cells and a secondary separation into CD45 subsets, lymphokine secretion was assessed after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin or fixed anti-CD3 stimulation. Within the respective CD45 subsets, CD4+ cells produced more interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, and IL-6; but the CD8+ cells secreted more interferon-gamma and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion was similar in the matched CD45 subsets. Northern analysis revealed a parallel pattern of lymphokine mRNA expression in the four lymphocyte subsets. These results suggest that human CD8+ peripheral blood lymphocytes have a significant capacity to secrete lymphokines, and that the low lymphokine production observed in unseparated CD8+ cells reflects the higher percentage of less functional CD45RA+ cells.
Small World Dynamics and The Process of Knowledge Diffusion: The Case of The Metropolitan Area of Greater Santiago De Chile (2004)

This paper aims to understand some of the mechanisms which dominate the phenomenon of knowledge diffusion in the process that is called 'interactive learning'. We examine how knowledge spreads in a network in which agents have 'face-to-face' learning interactions. We define a social network structured as a graph consisting of agents (vertices) and connections (edges) and situated on a grid which resembles the geographical characteristics of the metropolitan area of Greater Santiago de Chile. The target of this simulation is to test whether knowledge diffuses homogeneously or whether it follows some biased path generating geographical divergence between a core area and a periphery. We also investigate the efficiency of our 'preference' model of agent decision-making and show that this system evolves towards a small-world type network.
Birefringent properties of diametrically loaded gradient-index lenses (1996)

Gradient-index (GRIN) lenses have been widely used as collimators in various fiber-optic sensors and as optical coupling devices in components designed for optical communication systems. However, relatively little attention has been paid to the birefringent properties of GRIN lenses and the potential for using them as photoelastic sensing elements in optical transducers. Analytical and experimental results are described that were obtained for the intensity distribution produced by studying a GRIN lens by using a polariscope. The residual birefringence inherent in an unloaded lens is initially studied. The lens is then assumed to be diametrically loaded and the superposition is studied by the method of ray tracing. When the results obtained from the simulation for a Selfoc, 0.25-pitch lens are compared with experimental data, an excellent agreement is obtained. Intensity increases monotonically with load, confirming that the lens would be a good choice for the sensing element of an optical transducer designed as part of a strain or acceleration measurement system. The numerical simulation is then used to study the influence of residual stress on sensitivity.
Multiple Targets of Salicylic Acid and Its Derivatives in Plants and Animals (2016)

Salicylic acid (SA) is a critical plant hormone that is involved in many processes, including seed germination, root initiation, stomatal closure, floral induction, thermogenesis, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Its central role in plant immunity, although extensively studied, is still only partially understood. Classical biochemical approaches and, more recently, genome-wide high-throughput screens have identified more than two dozen plant SA-binding proteins (SABPs), as well as multiple candidates that have yet to be characterized. Some of these proteins bind SA with high affinity, while the affinity of others exhibit is low. Given that SA levels vary greatly even within a particular plant species depending on subcellular location, tissue type, developmental stage, and with respect to both time and location after an environmental stimulus such as infection, the presence of SABPs exhibiting a wide range of affinities for SA may provide great flexibility and multiple mechanisms through which SA can act. SA and its derivatives, both natural and synthetic, also have multiple targets in animals/humans. Interestingly, many of these proteins, like their plant counterparts, are associated with immunity or disease development. Two recently identified SABPs, high mobility group box protein and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are critical proteins that not only serve key structural or metabolic functions but also play prominent roles in disease responses in both kingdoms.
Stress and oxidation of nickel according to its purity (2003)

The effect of impurities on the oxidation mechanism of nickel and on mechanical characteristics of the NiO scale was studied on two industrial grades and one pure nickel.The oxidation mechanism at 800°C was clarified using kinetics approach, microstructure observations, EDX and XPS analyses, profilometry, oxygen isotopic exchange and SIMS.The mechanical characteristics were determined mainly by three point bending tests performed in a scanning microscope.Whatever the nickel grade, the oxide toughness varies with the scale thickness and tends towards the value of massive NiO. The main difference related to Ni purity consists in the fact that spalling occurs at an oxide/oxide interface for the industrial grades, while it appears at the metal/oxide interface for pure Ni.Indeed, due to the presence of impurities, internal oxidation, extrusion of metallic nickel along grain boundaries of the substrate and formation of an inner equiaxed oxide film are observed in industrial grades. This induces mechanical keying of the oxide, and therefore crack propagation in a mixed mode is easier at the oxide/oxide interface.With pure nickel, only a single oxide film is formed by outward diffusion of Ni and there is no internal oxidation. Thus crack propagation occurs along the metal/oxide interface.
Psychometric Properties of the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) (1998)

In this cross-sectional study, the 51-item NEI-VFQ seems to be reliable and valid and should be a useful tool for group-level comparisons of vision-targeted, health-related quality of life in clinical research. Additionally, the psychometric properties of the NEI-VFQ were not influenced by the type or severity of the underlying eye disease, suggesting that the measure will provide reproducible and valid data when used across multiple eye conditions.
Accounting For Deferred Taxes: Time For A Change (2012)

<p>This study examines the theory underlying the current accounting and reporting standards for deferred taxes. Given the goal of global accounting convergence and under the proposed condorsement approach, the FASB and the IASB have a historic opportunity to revise the existing deferred tax accounting standards. Thus, it is warranted to illustrate the financial consequences of using the proposed flow-through (where tax expense is equal to the statutory tax liability) approach versus the asset-liability method of accounting for deferred taxes. We achieve this objective by computing the change in the debt-to-equity (DTE) ratios for the 2004-2010 period when net deferred tax balances are eliminated and corresponding adjustments are made in the total liability and stockholders equity balances. Based on our observations, we propose that the underlying issue in accounting for deferred taxes is the unit problem and argue that deferred taxes do not represent assets and liabilities as defined by accounting standards.<strong></strong></p>