gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relighting Images in the Wild with a Self-Supervised Siamese Auto-Encoder (2020)

We propose a self-supervised method for image relighting of single view images in the wild. The method is based on an auto-encoder which deconstructs an image into two separate encodings, relating to the scene illumination and content, respectively. In order to disentangle this embedding information without supervision, we exploit the assumption that some augmentation operations do not affect the image content and only affect the direction of the light. A novel loss function, called spherical harmonic loss, is introduced that forces the illumination embedding to convert to a spherical harmonic vector. We train our model on large-scale datasets such as Youtube 8M and CelebA. Our experiments show that our method can correctly estimate scene illumination and realistically re-light input images, without any supervision or a prior shape model. Compared to supervised methods, our approach has similar performance and avoids common lighting artifacts.
Gaussian Affinity for Max-Margin Class Imbalanced Learning (2019)

Real-world object classes appear in imbalanced ratios. This poses a significant challenge for classifiers which get biased towards frequent classes. We hypothesize that improving the generalization capability of a classifier should improve learning on imbalanced datasets. Here, we introduce the first hybrid loss function that jointly performs classification and clustering in a single formulation. Our approach is based on an 'affinity measure' in Euclidean space that leads to the following benefits: (1) direct enforcement of maximum margin constraints on classification boundaries, (2) a tractable way to ensure uniformly spaced and equidistant cluster centers, (3) flexibility to learn multiple class prototypes to support diversity and discriminability in feature space. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the significant performance improvements on visual classification and verification tasks on multiple imbalanced datasets. The proposed loss can easily be plugged in any deep architecture as a differentiable block and demonstrates robustness against different levels of data imbalance and corrupted labels.
Using Cerebrospinal Fluid Marker Profiles in Clinical Diagnosis of Dementia with Lewy Bodies, Parkinson's Disease, and Alzheimer's Disease (2013)

We conclude that DLB can be distinguished from PD, in spite of both being synucleinopathies, by CSF profiles using neurodegenerative marker analysis. The pathophysiology of increased tau and decreased Aβ levels in those conditions has to be elucidated further, since both proteins are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD, but no clear explanation has been postulated for DLB yet.
Cooperative Transport in a Multi-Particle, Multi-Dimensional Flashing Ratchet (2019)

Random and undirected forces are rectified in biological and synthetic systems using ratcheting mechanisms, which employ periodic asymmetric potentials and nonequilibrium conditions to produce useful transport. The density of motors or transported particles is known to strongly affect the nature and efficacy of transport in biological systems, as well as in synthetic ratchets and active swimmer systems. While experimental ratchet implementations typically employ potentials varying in two dimensions (2D), the role of the density of interacting particles in such a system has not been modeled. Prompted by experimental observations and building upon previous simulations, this paper describes the ratcheting process of interacting particles in a 2D flashing ratchet, studied using classical simulations. Increased particle density is found to allow effective ratcheting at higher driving frequencies, compared to the low-density or non-interacting case. High densities also produce a new ratcheting mode at low driving frequencies, based on independent trajectories of high kinetic-energy particles, more than doubling transport at low frequencies.
Cap Anson of Marshalltown: Baseball's First Superstar (1980)

T he Palim psestLo! from the tribunes on the bleachers comes a shout, Beseeching bold Ansonius to line em out; And as Apollo's filling chariot cleaves the sky, So stanch Ansonius lifts the brightened ball on high.N icknamed "Cap, "link,' "Pop,' and even "Pappy/ Adrian Anson of Marshalltown was baseball's first superstar performer.The "bold Ansonius' of sportswriter Eugene Field s verse earned fame on baseball diamonds and in clubhouses at a time when the game became America's national pastime.Indeed, for better or worse, Anson and a few of his contem poraries gave professional baseball much of its modern character.Born in 1852, young Anson learned the fun damentals of the game from his father, an amateur third baseman who organized the first Marshalltown Baseball Club.After a brief stint at the University of Iowa, he transferred to Notre Dame University in 1869; there he excel led as a second baseman.Anson was a poor student, however, and soon quit school.Re turning to Marshalltown in 1870, Anson con tinued to play baseball for his father's club, which also included Adrian's brother Sturgis.Marshalltown in 1870 attracted considerable publicity by playing an excellent team from Rockford, Illinois in an exhibition game.The Rockford club was one of the nation's premier teams, having an outstanding pitcher in Albert Spalding, and often scored over 100 runs a game.Marshalltown astonished the visitors from Illinois by losing only 18-3, as Adrian played well both at bat and in the field."They put up a rattling game, especially the two (An son) sons," Spalding commented, "and they were the hardest fighters I ever saw in my life.Launching his professional baseball career
Focused Slow Ion Beam for Study of Electron Ejection from Solids (1965)

This paper reports advances in the operation of the ion lens system used in studies of electron ejection by slow ions which make it possible to conduct the experiment with ion energies as low as 4 eV. Ejected electrons may be retarded by as much as 20 eV in the presence of this beam. Significant differences in electron kinetic energy distributions for ion energies differing by as little as 1 eV in the lower energy range are observed. Electrode arrangements and circuit innovations including amplifier calibration and negative feedback stabilization of the ion beam are discussed. Criteria for proper lens performance are given and experimental data illustrating the meeting of these criteria are presented. Examples of lens failure are also shown.
Arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol kinase from bovine testis. Purification and properties. (1994)

Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated the existence of a membrane-bound diacylglycerol kinase highly selective for diacylglycerols containing arachidonate as the sn-2 fatty acyl moiety (MacDonald, M. L., Mack K. F., Richardson, C. N., and Glomset, J. A. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 1575-1583). We now report the purification of arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol kinase 34,400-fold to apparent homogeneity from bovine testis. High concentrations of both salt and detergent were required to extract the enzyme from membranes and stabilize its activity, suggesting that in vivo the enzyme is part of a complex with other membrane or cytoskeletal proteins. Arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol kinase had an apparent M(r) of 58,000 both on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and by size exclusion chromatography. The enzyme appeared to be an integral membrane protein. In a mixed micellar assay, arachidonoyl-diacylglycerol kinase followed surface dilution kinetics with respect to diacylglycerol. The purified enzyme retained the arachidonate selectivity observed previously in membranes. Kinetic analyses indicated a Km for sn-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoylglycerol of 2.4 mol %, as compared to 43 mol % for sn-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylglycerol. Calcium, an activator of some other diacylglycerol kinases, had no apparent effect on the arachidonate-specific enzyme. Guanosine triphosphate could effectively substitute for ATP as the phosphoryl donor and Mg2+ could be replaced by Mn2+ or Ca2+. Phosphatidylserine and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylinositol inhibited the purified enzyme. Phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine had only small effects.
Modelling of hydraulic fracturing and its engineering application (2012)

The Hydraulic Fracturing process and its engineering applications have been studied and reported in this thesis. The Distinct Element Method (DEM) was adopted as the main and preferred numerical technique because of its distinctive features and advantages. This method allows the phenomenon to be modelled and viewed microscopically at the inter-particle level by conceptualising the rock mass as an assembly of discrete particles interacting with each other via contacts. This method allows for a more detailed and dynamic monitoring of the hydraulic fracturing process.\n\nSequel to a detailed review on the study of the hydraulic fracturing phenomenon, the research was extended to investigate specific cases of applications of hydraulic fracturing in geo-mechanical and environmental problems. Examples of such cases include carbon dioxide injection and storage in a reservoir system, and the behaviour of naturally occurring faults subjected to hydrostatic fluid pressures. The key factors governing the geo-mechanical responses of porous media (rocks), including reservoir formations were identified and further examined to ascertain the following: the role and inter-relationship between operating and material/fluid variables such as injection flow rate, fluid pressure, and interstitial velocity; type and pattern of fracture propagation; influence of environmental conditions as well as the configuration of the well-reservoir system, amongst others.\n\nBecause of broad similarities in enabling conditions, analyses and applications of the phenomenon were also extended to study the sand production process. However, since the emphasis of the study was on identifying and examining the controlling variables as well as establishing patterns of sanding production rates rather than the study of the cavitation process, investigations were conducted using a finite element procedure; moreover, the limit of computational capacity has prevented a large scale DEM model for such problems. Modelling results show that fracturing mode, pattern and intensity are highly dependent on operating and environmental conditions; the reservoir erosion processes also indicate likewise tendencies. The numerical modelling techniques adopted and results obtained facilitate an improved understanding of geo-mechanical mechanisms at sub-surface systems, and could be further improved for industrial applications, such as site evaluation and assessment of the efficiency of stimulation techniques.
Stress-enhanced carrier mobility in zone melting recrystallized polycrystalline Si films on SiO2-coated substrates (1982)

Thermal stress is found to have a significant influence on the carrier mobilities in Si films prepared by zone melting recrystallization of polycrystalline Si on SiO2-coated substrates. Films recrystallized on SiO2-coated fused quartz substrates exhibit a large tensile stress, which enhances the electron mobility by ∼75% compared to the stress-free Si films recrystallized on SiO2-coated Si substrates. In contrast, Si films recrystallized on SiO2-coated sapphire substrates are under a large compressive stress, which yields an increase of ∼10% in hole mobility compared to the stress-free films.
A technical analysis expert system with knowledge refinement mechanism (2002)

A refinement system is given which tries to refine a rule base, using task and domain strategies. In particular, the task strategy has domain-free rule primitives which are just relevant to generic tasks (signal processing or pattern recognition) and tries to move the initial rule space into a new better one, testing the applicability of new rule candidates in the new rule space with real data. An experiment on real Japanese stock-price data shows that a refined rule base almost has the same performance as one with top-level technical analysts in the Japanese stock market. This result implies that task and domain strategies would be essential refinement operators to move a rule space into a better one.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Berkeley lab checkpoint/restart (BLCR) for Linux clusters (2006)

This article describes the motivation, design and implementation of Berkeley Lab Checkpoint/Restart (BLCR), a system-level checkpoint/restart implementation for Linux clusters that targets the space of typical High Performance Computing applications, including MPI. Application-level solutions, including both checkpointing and fault-tolerant algorithms, are recognized as more time and space efficient than system-level checkpoints, which cannot make use of any application-specific knowledge. However, system-level checkpointing allows for preemption, making it suitable for responding to fault precursors (for instance, elevated error rates from ECC memory or network CRCs, or elevated temperature from sensors). Preemption can also increase the efficiency of batch scheduling; for instance reducing idle cycles (by allowing for shutdown without any queue draining period or reallocation of resources to eliminate idle nodes when better fitting jobs are queued), and reducing the average queued time (by limiting large jobs to running during off-peak hours, without the need to limit the length of such jobs). Each of these potential uses makes BLCR a valuable tool for efficient resource management in Linux clusters. © 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Coregulated human globin genes are frequently in spatial proximity when active (2006)

The organization of genes within the nucleus may influence transcription. We have analyzed the nuclear positioning of the coordinately regulated alpha- and beta-globin genes and show that the gene-dense chromatin surrounding the human alpha-globin genes is frequently decondensed, independent of transcription. Against this background, we show the frequent juxtaposition of active alpha- and beta-globin genes and of homologous alpha-globin loci that occurs at nuclear speckles and correlates with transcription. However, we did not see increased colocalization of signals, which would be expected with direct physical interaction. The same degree of proximity does not occur between human beta-globin genes or between murine globin genes, which are more constrained to their chromosome territories. Our findings suggest that the distribution of globin genes within erythroblast nuclei is the result of a self-organizing process, involving transcriptional status, diffusional ability of chromatin, and physical interactions with nuclear proteins, rather than a directed form of higher-order control.
Design of Landslide Monitoring and Early Warning System Based on Internet of Things (2014)

This paper designed a kind of efficient IOT transmission platform based on wireless sensor network and GPRS network. Using the multi-mode sensor nodes composed of temperature-humidity senor and acceleration sensor, realize the effective detection of geological disaster, such as landslide and debris flow. After experimental verification, the IOT platform based on the two levels of network structures, can effectively transmit the monitoring point's information, such as the surface humidity, tilt angle and displacement. The system has long transmission distance and low power consumption.The system will have certain engineering value in the field of geological monitoring.
1-D Simulation Study of Divided Exhaust Period for a Highly Downsized Turbocharged SI Engine - Scavenge Valve Optimization (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Fuel efficiency and torque performance are two major challenges for highly downsized turbocharged engines. However, the inherent characteristics of the turbocharged SI engine such as negative PMEP, knock sensitivity and poor transient performance significantly limit its maximum potential. Conventional ways of improving the problems above normally concentrate solely on the engine side or turbocharger side leaving the exhaust manifold in between ignored. This paper investigates this neglected area by highlighting a novel means of gas exchange process.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Divided Exhaust Period (DEP) is an alternative way of accomplishing the gas exchange process in turbocharged engines. The DEP concept engine features two exhaust valves but with separated function. The blow-down valve acts like a traditional turbocharged exhaust valve to evacuate the first portion of the exhaust gas to the turbine. While the scavenge valve feeding the latter portion of the exhaust gas directly into the low resistant exhaust pipe behaves similarly to valves in a naturally aspirated engine. By combining the characteristics of both turbocharged and naturally aspirated engines, high backpressure between the turbine inlet and the exhaust port is maintained in the blowdown phase while significant reduction of the backpressure could be achieved in the latter displacement phase. This is directly beneficial for pumping work and residual gas scavenging. Combustion phasing &amp; stability and turbocharger efficiency could also benefit from such concept.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This simulation study was carried out using a validated 1D model of a highly downsized SI engine. Two degrees of freedom including the lift and the duration of the scavenge valve were optimized to achieve minimum BSFC. The potential for higher attainable BMEP was also briefly investigated at low engine speed.</div></div>
A concurrent design methodology of a production system for virtual commissioning (2013)

In this article, a concurrent design procedure of a production system is presented, which supports the virtual commissioning between a real controller and a virtual plant consisting of virtual devices. To achieve the concurrency, we split a virtual device model into two parts, a physical device model (a geometric model with kinematics for the motion programming of tasks) and a logical device model (a behavioral model to interact with a real controller). The whole design procedure consists of four major steps: (1) process design, (2) physical device modeling, (3) logical device modeling, and (4) system control modeling. First, the process design step identifies effective manufacturing processes and produces the sequence of operations. Once the sequence of operations is obtained at Step 1, then the other three steps can be performed concurrently without interfering each other. All the three concurrent steps start from the sequence of operations, and a detailed procedure for each of the step has been developed. The concurrent attribute of the proposed design procedure significantly contributes to the saving of the delays in time to market. The proposed design procedure has been implemented and tested for various examples.
High performance anisotropic conductive adhesives for lead‐free interconnects (2006)

Purpose To study the interface properties of anisotropic conductive adhesives (ACAs) and improve the electrical properties of ACA joints as a replacement for Sn/Pb solder in the electronics industry. Design/methodology/approach In this study, different types of self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) compounds were introduced into the interface between the metal filler and the substrate bond pad. The formation of these SAMs on gold and silver surface and their thermal stability were investigated by measuring the contact angles with water of these SAM coated surfaces. The SAM compounds used had either hydrophilic or hydrophobic tail groups, and included octadecanethiol (ODT), mercpatoacetic acid (MAA), 1,4‐benzenedithiol (dithiol) and malonic acid (acid M). Epoxy resins with two different curing temperatures were used as polymer matrices for the ACA formulations. The electrical properties of ACA joints containing these SAMs were studied by measuring their current‐voltage relationship. Findings The results show that SAMs can be successfully coated onto specific metal surfaces, depending on the affinity of their functional groups with the specific metal. The SAM treated ACA joints show much lower resistance at the same applied current than non‐treated joints, and the effect on the low curing temperature epoxy matrices was more significant. Nano‐Ag filled ACAs show more significant improvements in their electrical properties due to the greater surface area and higher surface energy of nano‐particles and consequently their higher thermal stability when coated with SAMs. Originality/value This paper is the first to use functional organic monolayers to enhance the interface properties of electrically conductive adhesives and, in particular, for ACAs.
An Integrated Approach to the Development of an Intelligent Prognostic Health Management System (2006)

The general aim of a Prognostic Health Management (PHM) system is to generate information to meet objectives such as improved mission reliability, improved safety and reduced maintenance costs. Information is derived from data (e.g. acquired by sensors) through the application of knowledge. Knowledge can be represented in different forms and can be implicit or explicit. The form of representation depends on the type of technology fulfilling some specific PHM function. PHM is complicated and successful systems will be constructed using technology from many suppliers. Careful management of technology integration is required. Proposed standards have been written to allow different technologies to communicate. But there is also a need to define formal frameworks so that technologies are integrated in a coherent manner. This paper presents some practical applications of PHM technologies that fulfil functions within different layers of the PHM process. These applications are then used to explain how these different functional technologies integrate through a common probabilistic framework.
DESTRUCTION OF VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS BY CATALYTIC OXIDATION (2003)

Volatile organic compounds, emitted by a lot of sources, particularly from gasoline engines of automobiles, are air pollutants that give rise to deleterious health and environmental effects.Total catalytic oxidation is an attractive method in controlling these emissions due the great amounts of energy saved, by the moderate temperature involved.For wide implementation of catalytic combustion, thermally, mechanically and chemically stable catalysts are required.The paper is a short reviewing of the available catalysts and also of the new innovations concerning either enhance of their performances or new better formulations.
Y<sub>1</sub>Ba<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7-δ</sub> Film Formation by an OM-CVD Method (1988)

In this letter, we report further studies on Y-Ba-Cu-O film formation by OM-CVD (Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition). Without postannealing, Y-Ba-Cu-O films grown on MgO(100) single-crystal substrates at a substrate temperature of 780°C showed an onset temperature of 85 K and zero resistance at 65 K. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed well-ordered crystallinity for films grown at substrate temperatures higher than 700°C. XRD results indicated that Y-Ba-Cu-O films with (110) orientation were grown on SrTiO 3 (110) single-crystal substrates.