gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Back-annotation of Simulation Traces with Change-Driven Model Transformations (2010)

Model-driven analysis aims at detecting design flaws early in high-level design models by automatically deriving mathematical models. These analysis models are subsequently investigated by formal verification and validation (V&V) tools, which may retrieve traces violating a certain requirement. Back-annotation aims at mapping back the results of V&V tools to the design model in order to highlight the real source of the fault, to ease making necessary amendments. Here we propose a technique for the back-annotation of simulation traces based on change-driven model transformations. Simulation traces of analysis models will be persisted as a change model with high-level change commands representing macro steps of a trace. This trace is back-annotated to the design model using change-driven transformation rules, which bridge the conceptual differences between macro steps in the analysis and design traces. Our concepts will be demonstrated on the back-annotation problem for analyzing BPEL processes using a Petri net simulator.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF VANADATE(V) TO OXOVANADIUM(IV) BY CYSTEINE AND MECHANISM AND STRUCTURE OF THE OXOVANADIUM(IV) CYSTEINE COMPLEX SUBSEQUENTLY FORMED (1981)

Abstract Die Reduktion wurde ESR‐spektroskopisch verfolgt.
A clinical and neuropathologic study of silk suture as an embolic agent for brain arteriovenous malformations. (1994)

The inflammatory response to silk may explain its effectiveness in producing vascular occlusion. However, a fulminate vasculitis theoretically can predispose to delayed hemorrhage. Other problems with silk include the pressure required to inject the agent and the inability to determine the final site of deposition of the silk. Although other embolic agents may share some of these potential difficulties, we feel that the disadvantages outweigh the advantages of silk as an embolic agent.
Making use of contaminated soil (1988)

Using hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is one answer to contaminated soil. HMA plants can be modified to accept some contaminated soil—a boon not only to the generator of the soil but the asphalt producer and to regulators concerned with disposal options. An asphalt was modified in Massachusetts. The process starts with a concrete storage area which will hold the soil. The soil passes over a scalping screen to remove large particles and then heads into a rotating ceramic cylinder inserted between the burner and the dryer. The plant was shown to successfully clean test sands loaded with oil and organic pollutants.
Antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of Turraea heterophylla and Terminalia glaucescens used in Togo ethnomedecine to treat common infections (2007)

Three crude extracts, including hexane, dichloromethane and methanolic extracts from Turraea heterophylla and Terminalia glaucescens used in Togo ethnomedicine to treat common infections, were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity. Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Mucor sp., Rhisopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, Microsporum ferrugineum and Candida albicans have been used as test organisms. The dichloromethane extract of Turraea heterophylla roots was the most active with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 12.5mg/ml and 50mg/ml. The inhibition percentage is above 98% for bacterial strains and 70% for dermatophytes. The methanolic extract of stem bark, stem and roots of Terminalia glaucescens showed antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) between 6,25mg/ml and 12,5mg/ml and the inhibition percentage above 99,95% for bacterial strains. The preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids and saponosides.
Inventive step (alternative formulation of problem) and ‘old’ closest prior art: whether to admit an auxiliary request filed at the end of the oral proceedings (2007)

The case law on the circumstances when a patent applicant or patentee may reformulate the technical problem to be solved as set out in the description when considering inventive step is reviewed. The decision also looks at how the Board exercises its discretion under Article 10b Rules of Procedure of the Boards of Appeal (‘RPBA’) on whether to admit an auxiliary request filed for the first time at the oral proceedings.
Built-in self-test with weighted random pattern hardware (2002)

The authors address scan-based built-in self-test (BIST) of digital circuits that are highly resistant to testing with uniform random patterns. Introducing a procedure, the precompute test patterns for random-pattern resistant faults and generate optimized distributions of weights that guarantee pattern coverage in a given number of random trials. The software implementation offers a tradeoff in the number of distributions (hardware memory) and the length of the total test time. The hardware implementation is based on a canonic weighting circuit that interfaces to a circulating memory and a pseudo-random source.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In Vivo Depletion of <scp>CD</scp>4‐ and <scp>CD</scp>8‐Specific <scp>T</scp> Cells (1992)

In vivo depletion of CD4- and CD8-specific T cells is a means of studying the role of these subpopulations in the initiation and effector phases of particular in vivo immune responses. In this unit, a protocol is provided for harvesting anti-CD4 or anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody- producing ascites fluid or tissue culture supernatant from rat or mouse T cell hybridomas. The antibody (preferably IgG) is then purified and injected intraperitoneally into adult mice. Depletion of the appropriate subset of T cells is verified by flow cytometry analysis of lymph node and spleen cell suspensions in pilot experiments. Once conditions have been established, depleted mice can be used to study the impact of T cell subsets on in vivo immune responses. The depleted condition is maintained by repeated injections of the monoclonal antibody.
Development of a Large-Scale Stereoselective Process for (1<i>R</i>,4<i>S</i>)-4-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine Hydrochloride (2007)

A convenient, multikilogram-scale, stereoselective process for the synthesis of (1R,4S)-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-amine hydrochloride 1 is described. The key steps involve synthesis of sulfinyl imine (Rs,4S)-5 from (S)-tetralone (4S)-3 and (R)-tert-butylsulfinamide (Rs)-4, and its stereoselective reduction with 9-BBN to produce the (1R)-amine center of 1. The process has been scaled up to multikilogram scale and gives 1 in an overall yield of >50% with a chemical purity of 99.7 A% by HPLC and stereochemical purity of >99.9% by chiral HPLC.
From fuzzy logic theory to Fuzzy Petri Nets predicting changes in gene expression level (2009)

This paper proposes a new approach for biologically inspired computing on the basis of gene regulatory networks (GRNs). It is important to note that the choice of an appropriate modeling formalism is dependent upon the aim of the study. GRNs are models of genes and gene interactions at the expression level. The advent of microarray technology has challenged computer scientists to develop better algorithms for modeling the underlying regulatory relationship in between the genes. Fuzzy system has an ability to search microarray datasets for activator/repressor regulatory relationship. In this paper, we present a fuzzy reasoning model based on the fuzzy Petri net. The model considers the regulatory triplets by means of predicting changes in expression level of the target based on input expression level. This method eliminates possible false predictions from the classical fuzzy model thereby allowing a wider search space for inferring regulatory relationship. Through formalization of fuzzy reasoning, we propose an approach to construct a rule-based reasoning system. The experimental results show the proposed approach is feasible and acceptable to predict changes in expression level of the target gene.
Comparison of color image edge detectors in multiple color spaces (2000)

A comprehensive color edge comparison across a variety color spaces is presented. Color adaptations of several well known edge detectors are compared in RGB, XYZ, CIELAB, CIELUV, rgb, l/sub 1/l/sub 2/l/sub 3/ and h/sub 1/h/sub 2/h/sub 3/-a new color space. The edge detectors studied are the Sobel operator, the modified Roberts operator, the vector gradient operator, and the 3/spl times/3 difference vector operator. Pratt's (1991) figure of merit is used for quantitative evaluation. The results indicate that the Sobel operator has the best performance across the edge detectors being compared and that results appear best for the h/sub 1/h/sub 2/h/sub 3/ color space.
Review: The evolving world of GLP-1 agonist therapies for type 2 diabetes (2010)

The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist drugs have attractions as a treatment for type 2 diabetes since they positively alter a number of key pathophysiological defects. These include increasing insulin release, reducing glucagon release, slowing gastric emptying and reducing food intake. In numerous clinical trials these agents have been shown to reduce DCCT-aligned HbA(1c) between 0.8% and 1.1% in patients with moderately controlled type 2 diabetes, whilst also being associated with some weight loss. Whilst medium-term safety and side-effect profiles are now well established, there are as yet no long-term studies on the safety of this group of drugs. The place of the GLP-1 agonists in the treatment paradigm for type 2 diabetes will evolve over the next decade.
Phenothiazinium Antimicrobial Photosensitizers Are Substrates of Bacterial Multidrug Resistance Pumps (2005)

Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT) combines a nontoxic photoactivatable dye, or photosensitizer (PS), with harmless visible light to generate singlet oxygen and free radicals that kill microbial cells. Although the light can be focused on the diseased area, the best selectivity is achieved by choosing a PS that binds and penetrates microbial cells. Cationic phenothiazinium dyes, such as methylene blue and toluidine blue O, have been studied for many years and are the only PSs used clinically for antimicrobial PDT. Multidrug resistance pumps (MDRs) are membrane-localized proteins that pump drugs out of cells and have been identified for a wide range of organisms. We asked whether phenothiazinium salts with structures that are amphipathic cations could potentially be substrates of MDRs. We used MDR-deficient mutants of Staphylococcus aureus (NorA), Escherichia coli (TolC), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MexAB) and found 2 to 4 logs more killing than seen with wild-type strains by use of three different phenothiazinium PSs and red light. Mutants that overexpress MDRs were protected from killing compared to the wild type. Effective antimicrobial PSs of different chemical structures showed no difference in light-mediated killing depending on MDR phenotype. Differences in uptake of phenothiazinium PS by the cells depending on level of MDR expression were found. We propose that specific MDR inhibitors could be used in combination with phenothiazinium salts to enhance their photodestructive efficiency.
Einführung (1981)

Bevor Anliegen und Aufbau der Arbeit präzisiert werden, sei die Problematik, die sich aus der Betrachtung maschineller Anlagen in betriebswirtschaftlichen Theorien ergibt, durch eine kurze kritische Würdigung wichtiger und typischer Ansätze, die auch für spätere Darstellungen von Relevanz sind, diskutiert.
Fast-Inverting, Brine and Additive-tolerant Friction Reducer for Well Stimulation (2009)

Abstract Anionic polyacrylamide copolymer friction (or drag) reducers are commonly used in various well stimulation jobs. The effectiveness of friction reduction polymers strongly depends on the compatibility between friction reducing polymers and stimulation liquid to which they are added. Performance of friction reducers can be strongly influenced by the presence of salts, very high or very low pH, or other typical process additives, such as biocides, corrosion and scale inhibitors, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) scavangers, etc. Since most friction reducers are emulsion polymers, an important issue related to their performance is their ability to invert effectively and efficiently upon the addition to the stimulation fluid. A fast enough rate of inversion is especially important, since it determines both the effective onset of optimal friction reduction and its magnitude. Higher friction reduction achieved at the very beginning of a well stimulation will decrease the pumping pressure on a job. We hereby describe novel, fast-inverting friction reducers suitable for effective use in brines and compatible with various additives, such as biocides, clay control agents, and scale inhibitors.
Azathioprine or 6-mercaptopurine for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease (2009)

Azathioprine and 6-mercaptopurine are more effective than placebo for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. Higher response rates were obtained with azathioprine than 6-mercaptopurine. However, the one study evaluating 6-mercaptopurine used a relatively low dose of the drug. Future studies should look at the effect of higher doses of 6-mercaptopurine. There is weak evidence for a steroid sparing effect with azathioprine treatment.
Integration-Free Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Model Genetic and Neural Developmental Features of Down Syndrome Etiology (2012)

Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of human congenital mental retardation. Cognitive deficits in DS result from perturbations of normal cellular processes both during development and in adult tissues, but the mechanisms underlying DS etiology remain poorly understood. To assess the ability of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to model DS phenotypes, as a prototypical complex human disease, we generated bona fide DS and wild-type (WT) nonviral iPSCs by episomal reprogramming. DS iPSCs selectively overexpressed chromosome 21 genes, consistent with gene dosage, which was associated with deregulation of thousands of genes throughout the genome. DS and WT iPSCs were neurally converted at >95% efficiency and had remarkably similar lineage potency, differentiation kinetics, proliferation, and axon extension at early time points. However, at later time points DS cultures showed a twofold bias toward glial lineages. Moreover, DS neural cultures were up to two times more sensitive to oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, and this could be prevented by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Our results reveal a striking complexity in the genetic alterations caused by trisomy 21 that are likely to underlie DS developmental phenotypes, and indicate a central role for defective early glial development in establishing developmental defects in DS brains. Furthermore, oxidative stress sensitivity is likely to contribute to the accelerated neurodegeneration seen in DS, and we provide proof of concept for screening corrective therapeutics using DS iPSCs and their derivatives. Nonviral DS iPSCs can therefore model features of complex human disease in vitro and provide a renewable and ethically unencumbered discovery platform.
Electrochemistry and photoelectrochemistry of iron(III) oxide (1983)

Iron(III) oxide has been extensively studied as a possible n-type semiconductor for use in solar photoelectrolysis cells. However, its properties have remained curiously elusive; even such fundamental properties as bandgap and flat-band potential are still controversial, and this uncertainty has hindered any rational evaluation of the use of the material in solar cells. In this paper, an extensive study of the surface and bulk properties of both single-crystal and polycrystalline Fe2O3 is reported. Surface pretreatment is found to have a major effect on the photoelectrochemical properties. Even in properly treated samples, however, the photocurrent onset is found to be delayed due to the small value of the faradaic rate constant for the oxidation of water, and a semi-quantitative treatment of this case is provided. Improper surface treatment is shown to lead to a substantial conversion of the surface of Fe2O3 to Fe3O4; this introduces a large fraction of recombination sites at the surface that not only delay d.c. photocurrent onset to very anodic potentials but also reduce the observed efficiency to remarkably low values.
Look-up table based digital predistortion schemes and implementation (2011)

Many years of research have dealt with predistortion techniques for memoryless PA. Recently, several solutions have included memory effects compensation, since those effects seem to be of significant concern when considering high bandwidths with multilevel and multi-carrier modulation formats. Digital predistortion solutions, usually based on a particular PA behavioral model, have to be designed to be later implemented in a digital signal processor.
The future. Will pain be abolished or just pain specialists? (2001)

The author outlines, the past, present and future of research concerning pain and pain management. He examines health care goals and entertains the abolition of pain. His discussion then leads to whether pain specialists will disappear. (non-author abstract)
The glass transition temperature of filled polymers and its effect on their physical properties (1969)

Abstract The glass transition temperature, dynamic shear moduli, and bulk viscosities of Phenoxy PKHH (a thermoplastic polymer made from bisphenol‐A and epichlorohydrin) filled with glass beads and Attapulgite clay were investigated. The glass temperature of the polymer increased with increasing filler concentration and with increasing specific surface area of the filler. The data were interpreted by assuming that interactions between filler particles and the polymer matrix reduce molecular mobility and flexibility of the polymer chains in the vicinity of the interfaces. From the measured moduli and the viscosities of the filled and unfilled materials, the modulus reinforcement ratio in the glassy state and the relative viscosity in the viscous state were obtained as functions of the filler type and concentration. The relative modulus for the glass bead composite system follows the Kerner equation, while the clay‐filled systems exhibit slightly greater reinforcement. The relative viscosities are strongly temperature dependent and do not follow conventional viscosity predictions for suspensions. It is suggested that the filler has a twofold effect on the viscosity of the composite materials; one is due to its mechanical presence and the other is due to modifications of part of the polymer matrix caused by interaction. Using the WLF equation to express all modifications of the matrix, one can isolate a purely mechanical contribution to the viscosity reinforcement. This mechanical part is approximately bounded by the theoretical predictions of Kerner, 32 Mooney, 36 and Brodnyan, 41 for suspension viscosities.
Measurement of Flow Rate Using Temperature Fluctuation Caused by Vortex Street (1970)

Vortexes are shed behind an obstructing rod standing in a stream. The shedding frequency of the vortexes is proportional to the velocity of the stream. To detect its frequency, measurement of the temperature fluctuations of the fluid caused by the vortexes behind a heated rod is proposed. By adopting this method, it should be possible to measure the flow rate of high temperature fluid passing through a tube.
A flow cytometry based method for studying embryogenesis and immune reactivity to embryogenic stages in filarial parasites (2005)

The manuscript reports a novel flow cytometry based method to monitor progression of embryogenesis in adult filarial worms. Apart from relative quantification of different intra uterine developmental stages, the assay allows quantitative binding of lectins and antibodies to each of the intrauterine stages. It may now be possible to quantify levels of antibodies in infected and immune hosts to monitor anti-fecundity immunity in filariasis--the assay can thus be used as a powerful tool for drug development and in immunological studies in human and experimental filariasis.
Optimized pupil-plane filters for confocal microscope point-spread function engineering (2000)

We present a new method of superresolving pupil-plane filter design in confocal microscopy in which we specify the properties of the desired point-spread function and use an optimization procedure to determine a suitable pupil-plane filter. A new, flexible method of filter implementation using reconfigurable binary optical elements is described, and experimental results are presented.
Dynamic Testing of Control Units (1978)

The goal of the paper is to propose test methods for wired or microprogrammed control units without special test facilities: no special access path, i.e., no direct and exhaustive observation means. Consequently, the control unit will be tested through the current control algorithms under "normal" sequencing facilities and through the controlled operative part; the proposed methodology consists of choosing an adequate set of algorithms and specific data, allowing an efficient test with respect to errors hypothesis.
Scalable Unix tools on parallel processors (2002)

The introduction of parallel processors that run a separate copy of Unix on each process has introduced new problems in managing the user's environment. This paper discusses some generalizations of common Unix commands for managing files (e.g. 1s) and processes (e.g. ps) that are convenient and scalable. These basic tools, just like their Unix counterparts, are text-based. We also discuss a way to use these with a graphical user interface (GUI). Some notes on the implementation are provided. Prototypes of these commands are publically available.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Determination of total biogenic sulfur gases by filter/flash vaporization/flame photometry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of total biogenic sulfur gases by filter/flash vaporization/flame photometryS. O. Farwell, D. P. Liebowitz, R. A. Kagel, and D. F. AdamsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 14, 2370–2375Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50064a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50064a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts