gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine neuronal loss contributes to memory and reward dysfunction in a model of Alzheimer’s disease (2017)

Alterations of the dopaminergic (DAergic) system are frequently reported in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and are commonly linked to cognitive and non-cognitive symptoms. However, the cause of DAergic system dysfunction in AD remains to be elucidated. We investigated alterations of the midbrain DAergic system in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, overexpressing a mutated human amyloid precursor protein (APPswe). Here, we found an age-dependent DAergic neuron loss in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) at pre-plaque stages, although substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) DAergic neurons were intact. The selective VTA DAergic neuron degeneration results in lower DA outflow in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell. The progression of DAergic cell death correlates with impairments in CA1 synaptic plasticity, memory performance and food reward processing. We conclude that in this mouse model of AD, degeneration of VTA DAergic neurons at pre-plaque stages contributes to memory deficits and dysfunction of reward processing.
<i>In Situ</i> Tissue Engineering of Functional Small-Diameter Blood Vessels by Host Circulating Cells Only (2015)

Inflammation is a natural phase of the wound healing response, which can be harnessed for the in situ tissue engineering of small-diameter blood vessels using instructive, bioresorbable synthetic grafts. This process is dependent on colonization of the graft by host circulating cells and subsequent matrix formation. Typically, vascular regeneration in small animals is governed by transanastomotic cell ingrowth. However, this process is very rare in humans and hence less relevant for clinical translation. Therefore, a novel rat model was developed, in which cell ingrowth from the adjacent tissue is inhibited using Gore-Tex sheathing. Using this model, our aim here was to prove that functional blood vessels can be formed in situ through the host inflammatory response, specifically by blood-borne cells. The model was validated by implanting sex-mismatched aortic segments on either anastomoses of an electrospun poly(ɛ-caprolactone) (PCL) graft, filled with fibrin gel, into the rat abdominal aorta. Fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis revealed that after 1 and 3 months in vivo, over 90% of infiltrating cells originated from the bloodstream, confirming the effective shielding of transanastomotic cell ingrowth. Using the validated model, PCL/fibrin grafts were implanted, either or not loaded with monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and cell infiltration and tissue development were investigated at various key time points in the healing cascade. A phased healing response was observed, initiated by a rapid influx of inflammatory cells, mediated by the local release of MCP-1. After 3 months in vivo, the grafts consisted of a medial layer with smooth muscle cells in an oriented collagen matrix, an intimal layer with elastin fibers, and confluent endothelium. This study proves the regenerative potential of cells in the circulatory system in the setting of in situ vascular tissue engineering.
Effects of divalent cations on activity and specificity of streptococcal nucleases B and D (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of divalent cations on activity and specificity of streptococcal nucleases B and DPaul E. Tavernier and Ernest D. GrayCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 14, 2846–2852Publication Date (Print):July 7, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 7 July 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00816a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00816a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nested PCR on blood and milk for the detection of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp<i>paratuberculosis</i>DNA in clinical and subclinical bovine paratuberculosis (2004)

Since there may well be a haematological phase in paratuberculosis, nested PCR testing of blood and milk samples shows potential to detect animals subclinically infected with M a paratuberculosis. More subclinically infected animals need to be tested and confirmed infected before estimates of sensitivity and specificity can be made.
Structure and properties of a tetranuclear iron(III) cage complex. A model for hemerythrin (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and properties of a tetranuclear iron(III) cage complex. A model for hemerythrinJonathan L. Sessler, John W. Sibert, Vincent Lynch, John T. Markert, and Chris L. WootenCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 5, 621–626Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00057a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00057a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Salmonella enterica var Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica var Enteritidis express type 1 fimbriae in the rat in vivo (1997)

In a series of experiments rats were dosed with purified type 1 fimbriae from Salmonella enterica var Enteritidis or with fimbriated cultures of either S. enterica var Typhimurium or S. enterica var Enteritidis.Paraffin-wax embedded histological sections of jejunal and ileal tissue were taken and stained by the streptavidin biotin complex (sABC) staining technique for the detection of salmonella and type 1 fimbriae.On oral infection with Enteritidis and Typhimurium both bacteria were shown to be closely associated with the rat ileal epithelium and expressed type 1 fimbriae, thus clearly demonstrating that type 1 fimbriae are expressed by salmonellae in vivo.Moreover, association with the ileum was also shown to occur when purified type 1 fimbriae were orally administered to rats.Our results suggest that type 1 fimbriae alone or in combination with other fimbriae may play an important role in the early stages of infection with these pathogenic bacteria.
Antiallergy agents. 1. 1,6-Dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids and esters (1979)

The synthesis of some 1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-2-phenylpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acids and esters with potent oral and intravenous antiallergic activity against passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat is described. Requirements for high activity include a free NH group in the pyrimidinone nucleus and a small to medium size ortho alkoxy or alkenyloxy group on the phenyl ring. It is suggested that in the case of the highly active compounds hydrogen bonding occurs between a nitrogen of the pyrimidine ring and the ethereal oxygen. The nature of this bonding and its possible contribution to an optimum configuration for the molecules is discussed.
Meiotic Anomalies in Hybrids between Wheat and Apomictic <i>Elymus rectisetus</i> (Nees in Lehm.) A. Löve & Connor (1997)

Four B 111 hybrids (2 n = 9 x = 63, ABDStStYYWW) were obtained between wheat ( Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and a diplosporic and 2n‐pollen‐producing Elymus rectisetus (2 n = 6 x 42, StStYYWW) accession. We determined whether apomeiosis and 2 n pollen formation, which occur in the male parent, also occur in the Bill hybrids. Pistils were cleared for UV microscopy of callose and recleared for cytological observations using interference contrast microscopy. Callose fluorescence from most megaspore mother cells (MMCs) was typical of sexual species. These were classified as sexual. Abnormally elongated MMCs with walls devoid of callose were observed in 4.7% of pistils collected at meiotic prophase. These traits are typical of many apomeiotic MMCs in E. rectisetus . Asynapsis followed by mitosis in pollen mother cells (PMCs) consistently preceded unreduced pollen formation in E. rectisetus . This was not observed in the B 11l hybrids, though the following meiotic anomalies were observed: (i) asynapsis, aggregation of chromosomes to several poles, and multiple divisions to form four to eight unbalanced microspores, and (ii) incomplete synapsis, formation of anaphase I laggards, and a second division resulting in four unbalanced microspores with micronuclei. The wheat haplome enforced PMC meiotic pairing (albeit abnormal) among homologous E. rectisetus chromosomes and generally inhibited apomeiosis, also by enforcing meiosis. Diplospory may be caused by the expression of embryo sac signals from one genome precociously expressed with megasporogenesis signals from another. If this is correct, the successful induction of apomixis in wheat may require the transfer of alien gene cassettes that confer appropriate degrees of reproductive asynchrony.
PD-L1 Expression in Melanocytic Lesions Does Not Correlate with the BRAF V600E Mutation (2014)

PD-L1 expression in melanoma correlates with response to PD-1 pathway-blocking antibodies. Aberrant tumor-cell PD-L1 expression may be oncogene driven and/or induced by IFNγ. Melanomas express PD-L1 in association with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), but the potential contribution of the BRAF V600E mutation (BRAFmut) to induced PD-L1 expression has not been determined. Fifty-two archival melanocytic lesions were assessed for PD-L1 expression, TIL infiltration, and BRAFmut simultaneously. IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression in cultured melanomas was assessed in parallel according to BRAF status. Melanocyte PD-L1 expression was observed in 40% of specimens, and BRAFmut was observed in 42% of specimens, but no significant concordance was found between these variables. Almost all melanocytes displaying PD-L1 expression were observed to be adjacent to TILs, irrespective of BRAF status. TIL(-) lesions were not more likely to be associated with BRAFmut, when compared with TIL(+) lesions. Baseline expression of PD-L1 by melanoma cell lines was virtually nil, regardless of BRAFmut status, and the intensity of IFN-induced PD-L1 expression in melanoma cell lines likewise did not correlate with BRAF mutational status. PD-L1 expression in melanocytic lesions does not correlate with the BRAFmut. Thus, distinct populations of melanoma patients will likely benefit from BRAF inhibitors versus PD-1 pathway blockade.
Coerced Confessions: Self-Policing in the Shadow of the Regulator (2007)

As part of a recent trend toward more cooperative relations between regulators and industry, novel government programs are encouraging firms to monitor their own regulatory compliance and voluntarily report their own violations. In this study, we examine how regulatory enforcement activities influence organizations' decisions to self-police. We created a comprehensive data set for the “Audit Policy,” a United States Environmental Protection Agency program that encourages companies to self-disclose violations of environmental laws and regulations in exchange for reduced sanctions. We find that facilities are more likely to self-disclose if they were recently subjected to one of several different enforcement measures and if they were provided with immunity from prosecution for self-disclosed violations.
Parkour: Parallel Speedup Estimates for Serial Programs (2012)

We present Parkour, a tool that creates parallel speedup estimates for unparallelized serial programs. Unlike previous approaches, it does not require any prior human analysis or modification of the program. Parkour automatically quantifies the parallelism of a given program and provides an approximate upper bound for performance, modeling fundamental parallelization constraints. For the evaluation, Parkour is applied to three benchmarks from the NAS Parallel benchmark suite running on a 32-core AMD multicore system, and three benchmarks running on the fine-grained MIT Raw processor. The results are compelling. Parkour is able to significantly improve the accuracy of parallel speedup estimates relative to the critical path analysis technique that it extends. 1
Notes: 2-Fluoro- and 2,2-Difluoroethylnitroguanidine (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes: 2-Fluoro- and 2,2-DifluoroethylnitroguanidineRobert Evans , Virgil Milani, L Hafner, and Sol SkolnikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 7, 1077–1078Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1958Publication History Published online7 July 2003Published inissue 1 July 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01101a622https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01101a622research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular characterization of two forms of nontoxic‐nonhemagglutinin components of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> type A progenitor toxins (1995)

The entire sequences of the type A nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin gene and an adjacent open reading frame designated as orf 22-a, which are located between the neurotoxin and the HA-35 genes were determined. SDS-PAGE and N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses of the purified type A progenitor toxins (12S, 16S and 19S) indicate that the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinins of 16S and 19S are single peptides of approximately 120k, but that of 12S has a cleavage at the site between Pro-144 and Phe-145 of this protein.
Demonstration of 10G Burst-Mode DML and EDC in Symmetric 40Gbit/s TWDM-PON over 40km Passive Reach (2014)

The burst-mode 10G DML and EDC are first time demonstrated in symmetric 40Gbit/s TWDM-PON system over 40km passive reach at final NG-PON2 wavelength plan. Demonstration results verify that all ODN classes can be supported via industry achievable optical parameters.
Dynamic Threshold Schemes for Multi-Level Non-Volatile Memories (2013)

In non-volatile memories, reading stored data is typically done through the use of predetermined fixed thresholds. However, due to problems commonly affecting such memories, including voltage drift, overwriting, and inter-cell coupling, fixed threshold usage often results in significant asymmetric errors. To combat these problems, Zhou, Jiang, and Bruck recently introduced the notion of dynamic thresholds and applied them to the reading of binary sequences. In this paper, we explore the use of dynamic thresholds for multi-level cell (MLC) memories. We provide a general scheme to compute and apply dynamic thresholds and derive performance bounds. We show that the proposed scheme compares favorably with the optimal thresholding scheme. Finally, we develop limited-magnitude error-correcting codes tailored to take advantage of dynamic thresholds.
Neural networks for the set covering problem: an application to the test vector compaction (2002)

A new neural network architecture is proposed and evaluated for the set covering problem. The network is designed by using the connections between nonlinear and integer programming problems. This connection is based on the concavity and penalty function methods. The general objective function obtained, which combines the objective function and constraints, is fixed as the energy of the system. The network obtained was then applied to a practical problem in VLSI systems. The simulation results for the network show that the system can converge rapidly within a few neural time constants even for large scale problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Light-transmission aggregometer using a vibration-induced disaggregation mechanism (2004)

The vibration-induced disaggregation technique of red blood cell (RBC) aggregates has been applied to design a new light-transmission aggregometer for measurement of aggregation index. For disaggregation of RBCs, the rotational shear flow in the Couette system is replaced with a simple low-frequency vibration in a disposable cavity slide glass. Using a vibration generator, one can disaggregate the RBC aggregates stored in the cavity slide glass. After applying the vibration for a specified duration, RBCs tend to reaggregate and instantaneous light-transmittance intensity is measured over time. A syllectogram (the transmitted light intensity versus time) consists of an initial decrease caused by the vibration-induced disaggregation, immediately followed by an increase in the light intensity due to RBC aggregation. The indices of aggregation are determined from the syllectogram using a curve-fitting program. The noble feature of this design is the vibration-induced disaggregation mechanism, which enables to incorporate disposable element that holds the blood sample.
Six-state high plains--Ogallala aquifer area regional study (1979)

Water-supply
Ex vivo drug response profiling detects recurrent sensitivity patterns in drug-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2017)

Drug sensitivity and resistance testing on diagnostic leukemia samples should provide important functional information to guide actionable target and biomarker discovery. We provide proof of concept data by profiling 60 drugs on 68 acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples mostly from resistant disease in cocultures of bone marrow stromal cells. Patient-derived xenografts retained the original pattern of mutations found in the matched patient material. Stromal coculture did not prevent leukemia cell cycle activity, but a specific sensitivity profile to cell cycle-related drugs identified samples with higher cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo as leukemia xenografts. In patients with refractory relapses, individual patterns of marked drug resistance and exceptional responses to new agents of immediate clinical relevance were detected. The BCL2-inhibitor venetoclax was highly active below 10 nM in B-cell precursor ALL (BCP-ALL) subsets, including <i>MLL</i><i>-AF4</i> and <i>TCF3-HLF</i> ALL, and in some T-cell ALLs (T-ALLs), predicting in vivo activity as a single agent and in combination with dexamethasone and vincristine. Unexpected sensitivity to dasatinib with half maximal inhibitory concentration values below 20 nM was detected in 2 independent T-ALL cohorts, which correlated with similar cytotoxic activity of the SRC inhibitor KX2-391 and inhibition of SRC phosphorylation. A patient with refractory T-ALL was treated with dasatinib on the basis of drug profiling information and achieved a 5-month remission. Thus, drug profiling captures disease-relevant features and unexpected sensitivity to relevant drugs, which warrants further exploration of this functional assay in the context of clinical trials to develop drug repurposing strategies for patients with urgent medical needs.
A High-Efficiency Quasi-Single-Stage Bridgeless Electrolytic Capacitor-Free High-Power AC–DC Driver for Supplying Multiple LED Strings in Parallel (2015)

In order to design a high-efficiency, cost-effective, high-power driver for supplying multiple light-emitting diode (LED) strings in parallel, a novel single-stage bridgeless, soft-switched integrated AC-DC converter is proposed. The proposed converter can be derived by integrating the totem-pole bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) circuit and half-bridge LLC resonant converter. Therefore, the number of semiconductors in the line-current path can be significantly minimized, and the power losses in the secondary rectifier diodes and the primary switches can be dramatically reduced. Moreover, the twin-bus concept can be adopted to achieve the quasi-single-stage power conversion of the total LED driver with multiple LED strings load. In addition, this circuit allows removing the bulky electrolytic capacitors with short lifetime by increasing the bus voltage ripple, and thus, the long lifetime is another advantage of the proposed LED driver. The detailed operation principles and design considerations for the proposed converter are analyzed and discussed. The feature of the proposed solution was demonstrated using a 100-W hardware prototype with six LED strings. The experimental results showed the converter achieves full-range ZVS for primary switches and the efficiency of 94.5% under the 120 V input voltage.