gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OPA1 mutations impair mitochondrial function in both pure and complicated dominant optic atrophy (2010)

Sir, Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (DOA) is a common cause of inherited visual failure affecting at least 1 in 35 000 of the general population (Yu-Wai-Man et al ., 2010 a ). Pathogenic OPA1 mutations account for about 60% of all cases, causing bilateral, symmetrical optic atrophy secondary to the highly tissue-specific loss of one cell type - the retinal ganglion cell (Lenaers et al ., 2009). Although optic nerve degeneration remains the defining feature of DOA, we recently reported in Brain that up to 20% of patients with OPA1 mutations will also develop additional neuromuscular complications including deafness, ataxia, myopathy, peripheral neuropathy and progressive external ophthalmoplegia (Yu-Wai-Man et al ., 2010 b ).

In two earlier studies, also published in Brain (Amati-Bonneau et al ., 2008; Hudson et al ., 2008), we described for the first time the intriguing association of these syndromal DOA+ variants with multiple mitochondrial DNA deletions and cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-negative skeletal muscle fibres (Zeviani, 2008). Interestingly, these mitochondrial defects were subsequently identified in OPA1 patients with pure optic nerve involvement, but at levels four times lower compared with the DOA+ group (Yu-Wai-Man et al ., 2010 b ). The involvement of other tissue types in DOA+ could therefore be a direct consequence of the greater accumulation of these secondary mitochondrial DNA abnormalities, the latter potentiating an already compromised mitochondrial oxidative reserve due to the mutant OPA1 protein. To determine whether this was the case, we used in vivo phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) to specifically measure mitochondrial oxidative function in a subgroup of OPA1 patients from our original reports, correlating our findings with the histochemical and mitochondrial DNA defects identified in skeletal muscle biopsies, and thus extending our previous observations (Yu-Wai-Man et al ., 2010 b ).

For this 31P-MRS study, we selected 17 …
TFE, an Archaeal Transcription Factor in <i>Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum</i> Related to Eucaryal Transcription Factor TFIIEα (2001)

In the archaeon Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, MTH1669 encodes a protein with a sequence related to the N-terminal sequences of the alpha-subunits of eucaryal general transcription factor TFIIE. The recombinant MTH1669 gene product has been purified and shown to stimulate transcription in vitro from M. thermoautotrophicum promoters that were almost inactive or much less active in reaction mixtures that contained only M. thermoautotrophicum RNA polymerase, TATA-binding protein and transcription factor B. As all complete archaeal genome sequences contain an MTH1669 homolog, the protein encoded by this gene is apparently the first characterized example of a transcription activator, here designated TFE, that may be universally present in the Archaea.
Investing in Water Futures: The lnformation Investment (1989)

Access to timely and relevant technical and corporate information is an integral facet of engineering projects. Cost efficient and thorough searching, often vital to budget constraints, may be achieved through online searching of databases. The paper presents a review of international and national on-line databases of published literature in the fields of water and wastewater engineering. Case studies of topical searches are presented as well as practical information on accessing database services, equipment and skills needed for in-house facilities and costs.
Fracture toughness assessment of poly(ethylene terephthalate) blends with glycidyl methacrylate modified polyolefin elastomer using essential work of fracture method (2000)

The static fracture toughness of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) melt blended with a modifier containing glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-grafted ethylene-propylene rubber and homopolymerized GMA was studied on injection molded specimens by adopting the essential work of fracture (EWF) method. It was found that the essential and nonessential or plastic work both decrease with an increasing amount of modifier (up to 20 wt %) if the PET matrix is amorphous and nonaged. The scatter in the EWF data for the blend with 10 wt % modifier was found by presuming concurrent mechanisms between microcrystallization and morphology-dependent cavitation and fibrillation processes. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 842–852, 2001
Evaluation of deep convolutional nets for document image classification and retrieval (2015)

This paper presents a new state-of-the-art for document image classification and retrieval, using features learned by deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). In object and scene analysis, deep neural nets are capable of learning a hierarchical chain of abstraction from pixel inputs to concise and descriptive representations. The current work explores this capacity in the realm of document analysis, and confirms that this representation strategy is superior to a variety of popular handcrafted alternatives. Extensive experiments show that (i) features extracted from CNNs are robust to compression, (ii) CNNs trained on non-document images transfer well to document analysis tasks, and (iii) enforcing region-specific feature-learning is unnecessary given sufficient training data. This work also makes available a new labelled subset of the IIT-CDIP collection, containing 400,000 document images across 16 categories.
Small peptides as carriers and targets in human therapy (1983)

Conference Article| December 01 1983 Small peptides as carriers and targets in human therapy PETER S. RINGROSE PETER S. RINGROSE 1Pfizer Central Research, Sandwich, Kent CT13 9NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 1983 Biochemical Society1983 Biochem Soc Trans (1983) 11 (6): 804–808. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110804 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation PETER S. RINGROSE; Small peptides as carriers and targets in human therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1983; 11 (6): 804–808. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0110804 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1983 Biochemical Society1983 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Light-induced instability of an InGaZnO thin film transistor with and without SiOx passivation layer formed by plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposition (2010)

This paper investigates the illuminated behaviors of InGaZnO thin film transistors with and without a SiOx passivation. For the passivated device, more interface states were generated during SiOx passivation layer deposition by plasma-enhanced-chemical-vapor-deposition. The enhanced trap-assisted photoexcited hole generation induces source side barrier lowering and causes an apparent subthreshold stretch-out phenomenon. However, for the unpassivated device, the fact that the threshold voltage shift in ambient oxygen is lower than in vacuum under light illumination suggests oxygen desorption and readsorption occurs simultaneously, which is consistent with the accelerated recovery rate in oxygen ambiance.
DETERMINATION OF BROMATE IN DRINKING WATER AT THE LOW μg/L LEVEL BY COLUMN SWITCHING ION CHROMATOGRAPHY (1999)

Abstract A simplified “heart-cut” column switching technology was used for the determination of bromate in drinking water at the low μg/L level. A simplified two-step procedure for finding the time window was established. By using sodium hydroxide as the eluent and a 150 μL sample loop, detection limits of 2.5μg/L can be obtained for bromate even if 30 mg/L of chloride is present. Spike recoveries of tap waters collected from three different areas of China were in the range 94∼103%. Principles and other applications of this technique are also discussed. Acknowledgments
Data security and threat modeling for smart city infrastructure (2015)

Smart city opens up data with a wealth of information that brings innovation and connects government, industry and citizens. Cyber insecurity, on the other hand has raised concerns among data privacy and threats to smart city systems. In this paper, we look into security issues in smart city infrastructure from both technical and business operation perspectives and propose an approach to analyze threats and to improve data security of smart city systems. The assessment process takes hundreds of features into account. Data collected during the assessment stage are then imported into an algorithm that calculates the threat factor. Mitigation strategies are provided to help reducing risks of smart city systems from being hacked into and to protect data from being misused, stolen or identifiable. Study shows that the threat factor can be reduced significantly by following this approach. Experiments show that this comprehensive approach can reduce the risks of cyber intrusions to smart city systems. It can also deal with privacy concerns in this big data arena.
BRING YOUR PROJECT TO LIFE BEFORE IT'S BUILT (1999)

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization is a technique used to create 3D, computer-generated models for applications such as photo-realistic imaging, animation, and digital video. Three-dimensional visualization can help designers realize conflicts with proposed designs and existing structures, improve public perception of proposed projects, and impress potential clients. The use of this technology in the transportation field is quickly becoming an industry standard. This article outlines the three categories for the different uses of 3D visualization: public involvement--used in public hearings, committee and council meetings, and on Web sites; design--3D modeling and visualization to analyze and evaluate the design projects, such as driving simulation, construction phasing, and design studies; and marketing--used for job pursuits, such as interviews and design competitions, and for publicity and name recognition in the architectural and engineering field.
A heart rate sensor based on seismocardiography for vital sign monitoring systems (2011)

Heart rate is essential in monitoring the health of an individual. Traditional use of ECG to measure the heart beat poses complication in many applications. There is need for a less intrusive, simple, easy to use, and versatile heart rate sensor. This paper describes the design and testing of a heart rate sensor using a low cost accelerometer. The design is based on the seismocardiography signals generated by the activity of the heart and blood flow acting on the chest wall. A custom circuit is built to process the signal to suit to a wide range of applications in health care. The design was built and successfully tested.
An official European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society technical standard: field walking tests in chronic respiratory disease (2014)

Field walking tests are commonly employed to evaluate exercise capacity, assess prognosis and evaluate treatment response in chronic respiratory diseases. In recent years, there has been a wealth of new literature pertinent to the conduct of the 6-min walk test (6MWT), and a growing evidence base describing the incremental and endurance shuttle walk tests (ISWT and ESWT, respectively). The aim of this document is to describe the standard operating procedures for the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT, which can be consistently employed by clinicians and researchers. The Technical Standard was developed by a multidisciplinary and international group of clinicians and researchers with expertise in the application of field walking tests. The procedures are underpinned by a concurrent systematic review of literature relevant to measurement properties and test conduct in adults with chronic respiratory disease. Current data confirm that the 6MWT, ISWT and ESWT are valid, reliable and responsive to change with some interventions. However, results are sensitive to small changes in methodology. It is important that two tests are conducted for the 6MWT and ISWT. This Technical Standard for field walking tests reflects current evidence regarding procedures that should be used to achieve robust results.
Improvement of the power to detect complex disease genes by regional inference procedures (1997)

Theoretical studies and simulations suggest that “true” linkage peaks are longer than “false” peaks of the same significance level. Our goal for this study was to improve the power of linkage detection by using a regional criterion for linkage; that is, requiring more than one p-value in a given region to pass a threshold. We tested this method by determining the power and type I error for finding the underlying loci on chromosomes 5 and 8 that contribute to the variability of Q1 (after adjusting Q1 for covariates). We used the Haseman-Elston sib-pair statistic to test for linkage of all 367 markers to the adjusted Q1 trait in 100 replicates. We compared the regional inference procedure to that of the Lander and Kruglyak (LK) criteria for significant and suggestive linkage. For example, the power to detect the chromosome 5 locus was 48% for the LK criterion for significant linkage (p ≤ 0.0001) and 63% when we required two p-values out of five consecutive ones to be ≤ 0.001. The type I error was not more than 5% for either method (2% for the LK and 5% for our criterion). This suggests that using a criterion based on length may improve the power of linkage detection for complex traits. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effects of Environmental Gas in UV Nanoimprint on the Characteristics of UV-Curable Resin (2010)

In this study we investigated the effects of ambient gas on the characteristics of UV-curable resin in UV nanoimprint process by comparing the pattern transfer fidelity and residual layer thicknesses of the samples carried out in air and pentafluoropropane gas. We found that the resin pattern shrinkage induced by UV exposure was markedly affected by the ambient gas environment. The pattern shrinkage reached 22% in pentafluoropropane, while it reached only 3% in air. Also, the effects of pentafluoropropane on residual layer thickness were investigated. It was found that the residual layer using pentafluoropropane was much thinner than could be expected from the shrinkage induced by pentafluoropropane alone. We believe that the thinning of the residual layer is caused not only by shrinkage, but also by a decrease in the viscosity of UV-curable resin.
Machine-learning-assisted discovery of polymers with high thermal conductivity using a molecular design algorithm (2019)

Abstract The use of machine learning in computational molecular design has great potential to accelerate the discovery of innovative materials. However, its practical benefits still remain unproven in real-world applications, particularly in polymer science. We demonstrate the successful discovery of new polymers with high thermal conductivity, inspired by machine-learning-assisted polymer chemistry. This discovery was made by the interplay between machine intelligence trained on a substantially limited amount of polymeric properties data, expertise from laboratory synthesis and advanced technologies for thermophysical property measurements. Using a molecular design algorithm trained to recognize quantitative structure—property relationships with respect to thermal conductivity and other targeted polymeric properties, we identified thousands of promising hypothetical polymers. From these candidates, three were selected for monomer synthesis and polymerization because of their synthetic accessibility and their potential for ease of processing in further applications. The synthesized polymers reached thermal conductivities of 0.18–0.41 W/mK, which are comparable to those of state-of-the-art polymers in non-composite thermo-plastics.
Finite Element Analysis and Related Numerical Schemes for Ratcheting Simulation (2006)

Towards developing a robust finite element simulation model, this dissertation determines the state-of-the-art of simulation of ratcheting responses of structures. With this objective, the study evaluated seven constitutive models for their ratcheting simulation capabilities for straight pipe and elbow pipe components. Both local (strain ratcheting) and global (e.g., load-deflection, ovalization) responses of these two piping components were considered in the evaluation. The models evaluated are Bilinear, Multilinear and Chaboche, modified Chaboche, Ohno-Wang, modified Ohno-Wang, and Abdel Karim-Ohno. In search of the best numerical scheme for implementation of cyclic plasticity models into finite element programs, Euler and Runge-Kutta (both explicit and implicit) type numerical schemes for solving the nonlinear incremental plasticity equations and approximating consistency condition, and return type algorithms for updating back stresses, were evaluated. This numerical scheme evaluation was conducted at the material level with respect to the simulations of stable hysteresis loop, uniaxial ratcheting and multiaxial ratcheting responses. Implicit radial return scheme was demonstrated to be the best numerical scheme for implementing cyclic plasticity models. Automated parameter determination tools based on genetic algorithm search technique were developed for determining the model parameters of the four advanced constitutive models. In addition, for evaluating constitutive models at the materials level, the strain-driven radial return algorithm was extended, such that both stress and strain increments can be prescribed simultaneously. \n\nThe study demonstrated that the existing cyclic plasticity models are not capable of simulating straight and elbow pipe ratcheting responses satisfactorily, when the model parameters are determined from material level responses (stable hysteresis loop, and uniaxial and/or biaxial ratcheting responses). For improving the simulation capability of the existing models, this study proposed a semi-inverse approach for refinement of model parameters using both the material level and structural local responses simultaneously. This proposed approach is validated for modified Chaboche model with respect to the straight pipe responses. Finally, limitations of the existing models are identified and recommendations are made for developing a robust model for structural ratcheting simulations.
Specificity for Activase Is Changed by a Pro-89 to Arg Substitution in the Large Subunit of Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase (1997)

Tobacco activase does not markedly facilitate the activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco, EC 4.1.1. 39) from non-Solanaceae species, including the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. To examine the basis of this specificity, we focused on two exposed residues in the large subunit of Rubisco that are unique to the Solanaceae proteins. By employing in vitro mutagenesis and chloroplast transformation, P89R and K356Q substitutions were separately made in the Chlamydomonas enzyme to change these residues to those present in tobacco. Both mutants were indistinguishable from the wild type when grown with minimal medium in the light and contained wild-type levels of holoenzyme. Purified Rubisco was assessed for facilitated activation by spinach and tobacco activase. Both wild-type and K356Q Rubisco were similar in that spinach activase was much more effective than tobacco activase. In contrast, P89R Rubisco was not activated by spinach activase but was well activated by tobacco activase. Thus, the relative specificities of the spinach and tobacco activases for Chlamydomonas Rubisco were switched by changing a single residue at position 89. This result provides evidence for a site on the Rubisco holoenzyme that interacts directly with Rubisco activase.
CR-GAN: Learning Complete Representations for Multi-view Generation (2018)

Generating multi-view images from a single-view input is an essential yet challenging problem. It has broad applications in vision, graphics, and robotics. Our study indicates that the widely-used generative adversarial network (GAN) may learn "incomplete" representations due to the single-pathway framework: an encoder-decoder network followed by a discriminator network. We propose CR-GAN to address this problem. In addition to the single reconstruction path, we introduce a generation sideway to maintain the completeness of the learned embedding space. The two learning pathways collaborate and compete in a parameter-sharing manner, yielding considerably improved generalization ability to "unseen" dataset. More importantly, the two-pathway framework makes it possible to combine both labeled and unlabeled data for self-supervised learning, which further enriches the embedding space for realistic generations. The experimental results prove that CR-GAN significantly outperforms state-of-the-art methods, especially when generating from "unseen" inputs in wild conditions.
Effect of the Combined Treatment of UV-C Light and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Inactivation of<i>E</i><i>scherichia coli</i>Inoculated Watercress (2014)

Minimally processed watercress is an alternative to increase vegetable consumption. However, at almost all stages from field production to processing the vegetables could be contaminated with pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. UV-C light can be effective in controlling bacterial growth, but limited information is available for watercress sanitation and storability. This study reports the effect of UV-C light (0–25 kJ/m2) on the quality of minimally processed watercress inoculated with a nonpathogenic Escherichia coli (ATCC 35218), and stored under active modified atmosphere (5% O2–10% CO2) during 12 days at 5C. The application of UV-C treatments reduced E. coli counts between 2.6 and 4.4 log cfu/g. Moreover, the application of 15–25 kJ/m2 increased the phenolic content and caused slight changes in the visual appearance and color. Therefore, high UV-C doses could be an effective tool to decrease bacterial growth and to extend shelf life of minimally processed watercress. Practical Applications This technology represents an economic alternative compared to other sanitation techniques because of the low costs of the infrastructure and maintaining activities. There are no legal restrictions for UV-C application. The beneficial effects on fruit and vegetable quality make this technology an interesting alternative to extend the postharvest shelf life of minimally processed products. Nowadays, the food market is challenging an increasing demand for safer products elaborated under strict environmental and friendly standards. In this sense, the UV-C technology could be an alternative to chemical sanitation that is being questioned because of the formation of potentially toxic compounds. The successful application depends on the selection of doses that delay microbial growth without causing detrimental effects. Before commercial implementation, a systematic research on the effects of UV-C light in several species is required by evaluating and optimizing the effects of this technology on the overall quality of different vegetables.