gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antibiotic adjuvants: an alternative approach to overcome multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria (2019)

Antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative pathogens has emerged and constituted a global crisis, thereby novel antibiotics and other anti-infective strategies are urgently needed. However, the growing gap between clinical need and drug innovation, coupled with the membrane permeability barrier in Gram-negative bacteria restricts the discovery of Gram-negative antibiotics. Antibiotic adjuvants approach provides an alternative and complementary strategy for new antibiotic discovery. These compounds restore or potentiate the activity of commonly used antibiotics against multi-drug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria by targeting resistance or enhancing action of antibiotics. In this review, we first provide a brief overview of antibiotic resistance mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria, which can be used to guide the development of new antibiotic adjuvants. Additionally, we summarize the recent achievements in the search for antibiotic adjuvants based on their modes of action. Lastly, we discuss our perspectives in developing next-generation adjuvants such as broad-spectrum adjuvants and hybridization approach, which would contribute to enrich our arsenal against MDR Gram-negative bacteria.
Fiber-optic Multipoint Radiation Sensing System using Waveguide Scintillators (1996)

Novel fiber-optic radiation sensors and a multipoint measurement method that takes advantage of them have been developed. The new sensor design, which we call a “waveguide scintillator”, consists of a scintillating material and a wavelength-shifting fiber (WLSF). The WLSF is embedded in the scintillating material, and each end is connected to a transparent optical fiber. These waveguide scintillators can be connected in series along an optical fiber loop to form a radiation monitoring system, and each end of the fiber loop is terminated with a photodetector. This new radiation monitoring arrangement dispenses with the need for electronic apparatus at each measuring point and consequently improves resistance to noise. Furthermore, it offers the advantages of multipoint monitoring—meaning that radiation intensity can be measured at multiple sensors—using only two photodetectors. We have examined the light output characteristics and time resolution of a prototype arrangement of these new waveguide scintillators, thus confirming the feasibility of multipoint measurements using a system of multiple waveguide scintillators connected in series in an optical fiber loop.
Chiral<i>N</i>-Phosphonyl Imine Chemistry: Asymmetric Addition of Ketone-Derived Enolates for the Synthesis of β-Amino Ketones (2008)

New chiral N-phosphonyl imines have been synthesized in good yields under convenient reaction conditions. These chiral N-phosphonyl imines can serve as efficient electrophiles for asymmetric addition reactions with lithium ketone enolates. Good chemical yields and excellent diastereoselectivities were obtained for twelve examples. The N-1-naphthyl group of the chiral auxiliary was found to be superior to its benzyl counterpart in controlling the diastereoselectivity for this reaction. The chiral auxiliary can be readily removed by treatment with aqueous HBr in methanol at room temperature to give free β-amino ketones in high yields.
Line-based relative pose estimation (2011)

We present an algorithm for calibrated camera relative pose estimation from lines. Given three lines with two of the lines parallel and orthogonal to the third we can compute the relative rotation between two images. We can also compute the relative translation from two intersection points. We also present a framework in which such lines can be detected. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using synthetic and real data. The intended use of the algorithm is with robust hypothesize-and-test frameworks such as RANSAC. Our approach is suitable for urban and indoor environments where most lines are either parallel or orthogonal to each other.
Pen-based user interface (2004)

Pen-based user interfaces are becoming more popular. This paper presents the universal analysis and specification of characters and structure of pen-based user interface. With the goal of high usability, interaction techniques on pen-based user interface are performed to improve the human-computer interaction. Furthermore, based on user-centered design, This work provides a natural and harmonious pen-based user interface for collaborative design, which enhances the development and application of collaborative system. The results of the survey provide insight of pen-based user interfaces and related applications.
THE EFFECT OF BLOOD PRESSURE ALTERATION ON THE PULSE WAVE VELOCITY (1964)

Determinations of the pulse wave velocity (PWV) in living subjects have shown that higher values are found with increasing age
Anticarcinogenic Effects of Shikaron, a Preparation of Eight Chinese Herbs in Mice Treated with a Carcinogen, N-Butyl-N'-butanolnitrosoamine (1998)

We studied the effects of Shikaron, which is composed of 8 Chinese herb extracts, on carcinogenesis and the cytotoxic activity and cytokine production of lymphocytes in mice treated with a carcinogen, N-butyl-N'-butanolnitrosoamine (BBN). We found a significantly lower incidence of urinary bladder carcinoma in mice treated with BBN plus Shikaron 200 mg/kg/day (5 of 20 mice, 25%), than in mice treated with BBN alone (16 of 20 mice, 80%). Shikaron protected the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes against YAC-1 cells from suppression by BBN. Cytotoxic activity against P-815 cells significantly increased in mice treated with BBN plus Shikaron, as compared with normal mice and BBN-treated mice. Shikaron also protected production of interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma by lymphocytes from suppression by BBN. These findings strongly suggest that Shikaron exerted an anticarcinogenic effect in carcinogen-treated mice through activation of NK and LAK cells and cytokine production by T lymphocytes.
Semiconductor industrial hygiene handbook : monitoring, ventilation, equipment, and ergonomics (1995)

This book provides a comprehensive review of the primary industrial hygiene topics relevant to semiconductor processing: chemical and physical agents, and ventilation systems. The book also has excellent chapters on newer industrial hygiene concerns that are not specific to the semiconductor industry: ergonomics, indoor air quality, personal protective equipment, plan review, and records retention. While much of the information in these chapters can be applied to all industries, the focus and orientation is specific to issues in the semiconductor industry.
Trade and transport facilitation in the South Caucasus - Georgia Policy Note (2003)

This note, as part of the Transport Facilitation sector work in the South Caucasus (TTFSC) sector work, reviews the situation in 2002, with particular respect to trade, transport and potential transit flows. It quantifies the impact of existing impediments on the total cost of available logistic services in Georgia and for other Caucasian countries, at consignment level. It reviews the legal, institutional, procedural, infrastructure and industry impediments and makes recommendations to alleviate those. The economy of Georgia is dominated by services (56 percent) and agriculture and related business (22 percent). Within services, the transport and communications sector represents 14 percent of GDP, and is one of the rare sectors to have grown 13 percent annually, on average, since 1997. Two factors contribute to explain this high figure: (i) large transport assets were developed during the Soviet times and remain in place, although with substantial maintenance needs; and (ii) traffic flows from the Caspian Sea, primarily in the form of crude oil, are rapidly expanding.
X-ray micro-computed tomography of beech wood and biomorphic C, SiC and Al/SiC composites (2009)

The microstructures of beech wood and of beech wood-derived carbon, silicon carbide (SiC), and an aluminum/SiC composite were studied using both scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). As opposed to traditional two-dimensional imaging techniques, the µCT data allowed nondestructive evaluation of relatively large sample volumes. Nondestructive three-dimensional data analysis led to the observation of microstructural features, such as varying pore-wall topographies not previously seen in SEM, calculations of the volume fraction of porosity and characterization of the interconnectivity of porosity in the SiC material.
Predictive power aware management for embedded mobile devices (2008)

Intelligent power management of mobile devices is getting more important as ubiquitous computing is coming true in daily life. Power aware system management relies on techniques of collecting and analyzing information on the status of I/O devices or processors while the system is running applications. However, the overhead of collecting information using software while the system is running is so huge that performance of the system may be severely deteriorated. Therefore, it is very crucial to design a PMU (power management unit) which collects information in hardware so that the performance of the system is not degraded. In this paper, we propose a novel PMU design which collects access patterns to I/O devices while an application is being executed. And a predictive power aware management is carried out based on the collected information. Experiments with various applications have been conducted to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Nanoparticles as potential clinical therapeutic agents in Alzheimer’s disease: focus on selenium nanoparticles (2017)

In etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and oxidative stress in the brain have important roles. Several nanoparticles such as titanium dioxide, silica dioxide, silver and zinc oxide have been experimentally using for treatment of neurological disease. In the last decade, there has been a great interest on combination of antioxidant bioactive compounds such as selenium (Se) and flavonoids with the oxidant nanoparticles in AD. We evaluated the most current data available on the physiological effects of oxidant and antioxidant nanoparticles. Areas covered: Oxidative nanoparticles decreased the activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the brain of rats and mice. However, Se-rich nanoparticles in small size (5-15 nm) depleted Aβ formation through decreasing ROS production. Reports on low levels of Se in blood and tissue samples and the low activities of GSH-Px, catalase and SOD enzymes in AD patients and animal models support the proposed crucial role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of AD. Expert commentary: In conclusion, present literature suggests that Se-rich nanoparticles appeared to be a potential therapeutic compound for the treatment of AD.
Separation of hemopoietic cells from adult mouse marrow by use of monoclonal antibodies (1983)

Primitive hemopoietic progenitor cells from adult mouse marrow have been substantially enriched by virtue of a negative selection procedure with monoclonal antibodies. It has been possible to segregate erythroid progenitor cells at distinct stages of differentiation on the basis of their cell surface antigens. This has been achieved with two monoclonal antibodies reactive with the mature elements of bone marrow. YBM 34.3 binds to a heat-stable antigen expressed on B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and cells of the erythroid lineage. YBM 6.1 reacts with cells of the neutrophil, eosinophil, and monocyte series but does not bind to colony-forming cells. Separation is achieved by indirect immunoadsorption (panning) with YBM 34.3 on Protein-A-coated plastic plates followed by FACS II cell sorting with YBM 6.1. The combined procedures yield a marrow population containing 58% immature cells (blasts, promyelocytes, and myelocytes) and 9.5% clonogenic cells. In addition, differential binding of YBM 34.3 can be used to segregate erythroid progenitor cells at distinct stages of differentiation (day 7 BFU-E, day 5 BFU-E and CFU-E) either by cell sorting or panning. It is shown that both techniques give a comparable degree of resolution of the different cell types with, however, an appreciable advantage of panning over cell sorting in allowing the rapid handling of large numbers of cells.
Valosin-containing Protein (p97) Is a Regulator of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and of the Degradation of N-End Rule and Ubiquitin-Fusion Degradation Pathway Substrates in Mammalian Cells (2006)

Valosin-containing protein (VCP; p97; cdc48 in yeast) is a hexameric ATPase of the AAA family (ATPases with multiple cellular activities) involved in multiple cellular functions, including degradation of proteins by the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS). We examined the consequences of the reduction of VCP levels after RNA interference (RNAi) of VCP. A new stringent method of microarray analysis demonstrated that only four transcripts were nonspecifically affected by RNAi, whereas approximately 30 transcripts were affected in response to reduced VCP levels in a sequence-independent manner. These transcripts encoded proteins involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and amino acid starvation. RNAi of VCP promoted the unfolded protein response, without eliciting a cytosolic stress response. RNAi of VCP inhibited the degradation of R-GFP (green fluorescent protein) and Ub-(G76V)-GFP, two cytoplasmic reporter proteins degraded by the UPS, and of alpha chain of the T-cell receptor, an established substrate of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) pathway. Surprisingly, RNAi of VCP had no detectable effect on the degradation of two other ERAD substrates, alpha1-antitrypsin and deltaCD3. These results indicate that VCP is required for maintenance of normal ER structure and function and mediates the degradation of some proteins via the UPS, but is dispensable for the UPS-dependent degradation of some ERAD substrates.
The Advertising Budget's Determinants in a Market with Two Competing Firms (1982)

This is an exploratory study of the determinants of the size of the advertising budget in duopolistic competition. The model is a computer simulation that embodies learning, a multipenod decision horizon, brand loyalty, and other basic features of competitive reality in a two firm market. Theoretical propositions are derived based on the postulated model. These include: Fixed production cost does not affect expenditures. Variable production cost is inversely related to expenditures. An increase in immediate advertising effectiveness increases expenditures. An increase in the lag coefficient increases expenditures. The greater the share-change coefficient, the greater are the expenditures. Initial expenditure levels have a strong effect on later levels. And the initial competition-reaction expectations have a strong effect at first, which later diminishes as firms learn how competitors behave.
Direct Manipulation Interfaces for In-Flight Four-Dimensional Navigation Planning (2010)

A direct manipulation interface for 4-dimensional (spatio-temporal) in-flight replanning was developed. The interface coupled the pilots' actions and the consequences of these actions for the overall replanning goals through a visual display of the flight plan's temporal and spatial layout, as well as the temporal and spatial constraints on altering the flight plan. Three levels of interface information detail were tested for 2 scenarios with different levels of complexity of the flight plan and the changes required. It was found that the medium- and high-detail interfaces are faster, are easier to use, provide better task performance, and are preferred by the pilots participating in the experiment. The expected advantage of visualizing the spatial and temporal constraints on the interface through elliptical affordance zones did not result in a better performance, lower click count, or higher appreciation than the medium-level interface.
Endocytosis in Viral Replication (2000)

Although initially recognised as essential for the entry of certain viruses, endocytosis is now known to also play important roles in the replication of, and adaptation to, the host cell of a number of viruses. Here we consider several aspects of this association and recent results that have emerged to support this view.
Cardiovascular Pharmacology of ACC-9089—A Novel, Ultra-Short-Acting, β-Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist (1984)

The beta-adrenergic receptor blocking properties of ACC-9089 were studied in isolated cardiac and tracheal tissues from guinea pigs and in anesthetized dogs. The compound was a potent, nonselective beta-blocker in isolated tissues (atrial pA2 8.01; tracheal pA2 8.16). ACC-9089 was without intrinsic sympathomimetic action and caused direct cardiac depression only at concentrations that were four orders of magnitude higher than its pA2. In anesthetized dogs, ACC-9089 produced steady-state beta-blockade within 20 min of initiation of 3-h intravenous infusions. Recovery from beta-blockade occurred rapidly following termination of infusion (80% recovery in 17 +/- 2 min after 1.2 microgram/kg/min). Intravenous infusion of ACC-9089 caused dose-dependent inhibition of heart rate responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation and inhibition of isoproterenol-induced decreases in perfusion pressure in a perfused hindlimb preparation. The compound (a) did not produce alpha-blockade; (b) had no direct effect on hindlimb vascular resistance; and (c) did not alter hemodynamic variables in catecholamine-depleted dogs. The results indicate that ACC-9089 is a novel, ultra-short-acting beta-blocker that does not possess direct cardiovascular effects beyond those expected as a result of beta-blockade.
Active Optics (1987)

Abstract A system of ‘active optics’ control for the optical imagery of astronomical telescopes has been under development in the European Southern Observatory for about ten years. Its first application will be in the 3·5 m New Technology Telescope (NTT) scheduled for operation in 1988. A model test with a thin 1 m mirror (aspect ratio 56) has given remarkably successful results which will be reported in Part II of this paper. Part I gives a complete presentation of the theoretical principles of this technique of active optics and its scope of application. The subject is treated from the viewpoint of the temporal band-pass of error sources, ‘active optics’ being concerned with the low-frequency band-pass. The high-frequency band-pass (‘adaptive optics’) is principally concerned with atmospheric correction and is only briefly referred to for comparison. ‘Active optics’ correction of the low-band-pass system errors should bring major improvements in image quality together with a large cost reduction. While its impact on ground-based telescopes seems beyond doubt, the most important application should be in space projects where permanent diffraction-limited performance should be possible with much relaxed tolerances.
Attrition in Texas Public High Schools. (1993)

This report summarizes Intercultural Development Research Association analyses of attrition rates for high school students enrolled in Texas public high schools. Enrollment figures were examined for students who were in the 9th grade during the 1988-89 school year and students who were in the 12th grade during 1991-92, and results were compared to those of previous annual studies. Findings indicate that: (1) the rate of attrition (33 percent) has remained virtually constant over a 7-year period from 1985-86 to 1991-92, with Hispanics having the highest percentage of dropouts; (2) the annual number of students lost from public high school enrollment through attrition has remained virtually constant over the 7-year period; and (3) attrition rates were higher for ethnic minority students than for White non-Hispanic students and for males compared to females. These findings are consistent with the trends reported by the Texas Education Agency. Additional research should examine the effectiveness of dropout prevention initiatives, particularly as they relate to minority groups and males. In addition, school districts need to establish better record keeping with regard to reasons why students drop out of school and their status after they fail to attend school. A school district network should be established to keep track of student attrition. Attrition rates are listed by county and race. (LP) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied-by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ATTRITION IN TEXAS PUBLIC HIGH SCHOOLS
Intragastral Disintegration of Blood Coagula by Mechanical Vibration (1978)

A new method of intragastral disintegration of big blood coagula by mechanical waves is described. Intragastral application of ultrasound was disappointing. A flexural electromagnetic resonator was brought up for clinical trial and showed an effective intragastral thrombotripsy. Even other substances like tablets, food or scybala could be disintegrated. The described method represents a simple, safe and efficient procedure which will enrich the catalogue of possiblities in endoscopic examinations.
Congenital myasthenic syndromes (2004)

The characterization of congenital myasthenic syndromes comprises two complementary steps: establishing the diagnosis and identifying the pathophysiological type of congenital myasthenic syndrome. Characterization of the type of congenital myasthenic syndrome has allowed it to be classified as caused by presynaptic, synaptic and postsynaptic defects. A clinically and muscle histopathologically oriented genetic study has identified several genes in which mutations cause the disease. Despite comprehensive characterization, the phenotypic expression of one given gene involved is variable, and the aetiology of many congenital myasthenic syndromes remains to be discovered.
Redox-dependent Brca1 transcriptional regulation by an NADH-sensor CtBP1 (2010)

C-terminal binding protein 1 (CtBP1) is a transcriptional co-repressor and metabolic sensory protein, which often represses tumor suppressor genes. Hence, we sought to determine if CtBP1 affects expression of the tumor suppressor Brca1 in head and neck tissue, as downregulation of Brca1 begins at the early stages of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). We found that CtBP1 represses Brca1 transcription by binding to the E2F4 site of the Brca1 promoter. Additionally, the recruitment of CtBP1 to the Brca1 promoter is redox-dependent, that is, increased at high NADH levels in hypoxic conditions. Further, immunostaining using a human HNSCC tissue array revealed that nuclear CtBP1 staining began to accumulate in hyperplasic lesions and HNSCCs, this staining correlated with Brca1 downregulation in these lesions. Pharmacological disruption of CtBP1 binding to Brca1 promoter by the antioxidant Tempol, which reduces NADH levels, relieved CtBP1-mediated repression of Brca1, leading to increased DNA repair in HNSCC cells. As tumor cells are generally hypoxic with increased NADH levels, the dynamic control of Brca1 by a 'metabolic switch' found in this study not only provides an important link between tumor metabolism and tumor suppressor expression but also suggests a potential chemo preventative or therapeutic strategy for HNSCC by blocking NADH-dependent CtBP1 activity at early stages of HNSCC carcinogenesis.