gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast 2D phantom dosimetry for scanning proton beams (1998)

A quality control system especially designed for dosimetry in scanning proton beams has been designed and tested. The system consists of a scintillating screen (Gd2O2S:Tb), mounted at the beam-exit side of a phantom, and observed by a low noise CCD camera with a long integration time. The purpose of the instrument is to make a fast and accurate two-dimensional image of the dose distribution at the screen position in the phantom. The linearity of the signal with the dose, the noise in the signal, the influence of the ionization density on the signal, and the influence of the field size on the signal have been investigated. The spatial resolution is 1.3 mm (1 s.d.), which is sufficiently smaller than typical penumbras in dose distributions. The measured yield depends linearly on the dose and agrees within 5% with the calculations. In the images a signal to noise ration (signal/1 s.d.) of 10(2) has been found, which is in the same order of magnitude as expected from the calculations. At locations in the dose distribution possessing a strong contribution of high ionization densities (i.e., in the Bragg peak), we found some quenching of the light output, which can be described well by existing models if the beam characteristics are known. For clinically used beam characteristics such as a Spread Out Bragg peak, there is at most 8% deviation from the NACP ionization chamber measurements. The conclusion is that this instrument is a useful tool for quick and reliable quality control of proton beams. The long integration-time capabilities of the system make it worthwhile to investigate its applicability in scanning proton beams and other dynamic treatment modalities.
Probing pH mediated protein-protein interactions via photocrosslinking (2012)

Diverse protein-protein interactions are mediated by pH, a key parameter in dictating the charge and structure of nearly all proteins. Although photocrosslinking is powerful in trapping transient protein interactions in living cells, the pH-dependent protein interactions are exceedingly difficult to capture, largely due to the significant change of the protein binding interfaces upon pH variations. Here, we report that our newly developed alkyl diazirine-based unnatural amino acid photocrosslinker-DIZPK is capable of detecting the <italic>in vivo</italic> substrates of HdeA, a major acid-protection chaperone. Among the identified substrates of HdeA, we found two important periplasmic chaperone proteins: DegP and SurA, that were protected by HdeA at a low pH, but subsequently assist the HdeA-mediated recovery of other client proteins. This ATP-independent chaperone cooperation may enhance the acid resistance of enteric bacteria. Based on these results, we proposed a “chaperone cooperation” model in order to illustrate how acid-protection chaperones are employed by enteric bacterial to cope with acid stress. The highly adaptable photocrosslinker presented here can be generally applicable for surveying various pH-dependent protein-protein interactions in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Facile Carbon Fixation to Performic Acids by Water-Sealed Dielectric Barrier Discharge (2015)

Carbon fixation refers to the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) to organic materials, as commonly performed in nature through photosynthesis by plants and other autotrophic organisms. The creation of artificial carbon fixation processes is one of the greatest challenges for chemistry to solve the critical environmental issue concerning the reduction of CO2 emissions. We have developed an electricity-driven facile CO2 fixation process that yields performic acid, HCO2OH, from CO2 and water at neutral pH by dielectric barrier discharge with an input electric power conversion efficiency of currently 0.2-0.4%. This method offers a promising future technology for artificial carbon fixation on its own, and may also be scaled up in combination with e.g., the post-combustion CO2 capture and storage technology.
Systematics in the thermoelectric power of high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>oxides (1992)

Many superconducting cuprates show a parabolic variation of ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ with hole concentration p, there being a minimum and a maximum hole concentration for superconductivity. Thermoelectric power (TEP) measurements reported here as a function of p for a number of oxides reveal several important trends: (1) close similarities in the TEP of several compounds and a change in sign of the room-temperature TEP near the maximum ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$, (2) continuity in the TEP when doping across the two superconducting-nonsuperconducting boundaries, and (3) a universal correspondence of the room-temperature TEP with p over the whole range of doping.
An efficient VLSI architecture for H.264 variable block size motion estimation (2005)

This paper proposes a novel flexible VLSI architecture for the implementation of variable block size motion estimation (VBSME). The architecture is able to perform a full motion search on integral multiples of 4/spl times/4 blocks sizes. To use the architecture, each 16/spl times/16 macroblock of the source frames should be partitioned into sixteen 4/spl times/4 non-overlapping subblocks, called primitive subblocks. The architecture contains sixteen modules and one VBSME processor. Each module, realized by cascading ID systolic arrays, is responsible for the block-matching operations of a different primitive subblock. The realization has the advantages of high throughput, high flexibility and 100 % processing element (PE) utilization. The motion estimation of all the primitive subblocks is performed in parallel. Because these primitive subblocks can be used to form the 41 subblocks of different sizes specified by the H.264, the VBSME processor is employed to concurrently compute the sums of absolute differences (SADs) of all the 41 subblocks from the SADs of the primitive subblocks. This new architecture has lower latency and higher throughput over other exiting VBSME architectures for the hardware implementation of H.264 encoders.
Antecedents of project learning and time‐to‐market during new mobile service development (2003)

Mobile service innovations are crucial for the long‐term success of companies operating in turbulent and uncertain environments. These innovations need to be introduced at a rapid pace while at the same time companies have to absorb market information during the new mobile service development. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to construct a conceptual framework on the critical antecedents of project learning and time‐to‐market during new mobile service development. An extensive case study research involving four innovation projects was performed in a leading Dutch telecommunications company. With respect to project learning, our research findings indicate the crucial influence of a flexible decision architecture, project team memory, a high information awareness and a good fit between information requirements and capabilities. Both innovative and coordinative communication are required throughout the service innovation process. With regard to time‐to‐market, our research results point to the essential impact of project complexity, top management support, information power of suppliers and technological synergy. Finally, a medium level of project learning is the ideal condition for a fast time‐to‐market during mobile service innovation.
Ceramic-metal composite actuator (2002)

The main objective of this work was to develop a new type of actuator. It consists of a piezoelectric ceramic disk or multilayer stack and two metal end plates with a crescent-shaped cavity on the inner surface. The plates are used as mechanical transformers for converting and amplifying the lateral displacement of the ceramic into a large axial motion in the plates. Both d/sub 31/ and d/sub 33/ contribute to the axial displacement. Sizable strains were obtained with both PZT-metal and PMN-metal actuators. Displacement amplification principle, fabrication, and measurement results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inflammatory bowel disease: Incidence, prevalence, and disease characteristics in Barbados, West Indies (2008)

The reported rates are generally lower than reported for European and North American Caucasians, and are similar to The French West Indies--the only other IBD disease register in the Caribbean.
Design of a Test Environment for Planning and Interaction with Virtual Production Processes (2017)

Rising complexity of systems combined with multi-disciplinary development and manufacturing processes necessitates new approaches of early validation of intermediate digital process and system prototypes. To develop and test these approaches, the modular digital cube test center was build. Usage of different Visualization Modules such as Powerwall, CAVE or Head Mounted Display allows immersive interaction with the prototypes. Combined with Haptic Interaction Modules from one axis assembly device to a hexapod simulator up to a full freedom kinematic portal and usage of different simulation modules of vehicle design, multi-kinematic, manufacturing and process-simulation allows early virtual prototypes validation in multiple use cases.
Experimental Approaches to Mammalian Embryonic Development (1987)

The editors present, in a single volume, a valuable reference source for students of mammalian embryology, genetics, and physiology, this book provides a thorough overview of the field of embryonic development - its current status along with possible directions in the future.
Novel Sterile Insect Technology Program Results in Suppression of a Field Mosquito Population and Subsequently to Reduced Incidence of Dengue (2021)

Our data show the success of this new sterile insect technology-based program in preventing the spread of dengue.
Physical Layer Security with Yarg Code (2009)

We introduce Yarg code, a binary numeral system for QAM symbol mapping designed to yield improved physical layer security. The simulation results show that Yarg code reduces the security gap from 17.33 dB to 9.42 dB for 16 QAM, and from 17.7 dB to 7.18 dB for 64 QAM with respect to the Gray code. The improved security properties come at the cost of increased required SNR by 6~9 dB.
[Intracerebral grafts in Parkinson's disease]. (1991)

Although the beginnings of neural transplantation can be traced back to the last century, this technique was not fully developed until the 1970's. Following an experimental stage, considered insufficient by some authors, the first neural grafts on humans were performed in Parkinsonians in 1982. One must, in fact, distinguish between two types of operation, each with its own ethical and scientific problems. The first operation is human embryonic neural transplants the effects of which are related to a real reinnervation of the striatum. The other operation consists of autografts of adrenal medulla, which still have hypothetical modes of action. The first results obtained in man with both types of operation are rather disappointing. Even though neuronal grafting is unquestionably a technique of the future, much caution must be exerted since intracerebral grafting in Parkinson's disease remains at the experimental stage.
Systematic review: cardiovascular safety profile of 5‐<scp>HT</scp><sub>4</sub>agonists developed for<scp>gastrointestinal</scp>disorders (2012)

5-HT(4) agonists for GI disorders differ in chemical structure and selectivity for 5-HT(4) receptors. Selectivity for 5-HT(4) over non-5-HT(4) receptors may influence the agent's safety and overall risk-benefit profile. Based on available evidence, highly selective 5-HT(4) agonists may offer improved safety to treat patients with impaired GI motility.
Electromagnetic conductivities of rock cores: Theory and analog results (1997)

Abstract Measurement theory developed for a laboratory investigation of electromagnetic characteristics of conductive and magnetic rocks agreed with experiments performed on synthetic conductive samples using a multifrequency coil-bridge system in the 10 kHz to 4 MHz range. The theoretical analysis also provides a basic and useful method for the study of inductive [electromagnetic (EM)] conductivity and magnetic susceptibility spectra from conductive and/or magnetic samples. The skin effect, an important consequence of eddy current behavior, affects EM measurements and can be recognized by varying the energizing frequency. Investigations of the EM respses of 104 synthetic cores, of five types, revealed that textural effects, i.e., the structure, arrangement, and particle size of the conducting elements exerted a large influence on results. These analog cores contained a range of conductors, including copper wires, graphite powder, aluminum particles, and magnetite-ilmenite grains, set in a matrix of insulating plaster or wax, representing models of layered, stringer, disseminated, network, massive, and magnetite-rich mineralizations. For a heterogeneous sample, the laboratory-measured EM conductivity depends strongly on the structure and orientation of the conducting materials and usually differs from the galvanic conductivity. For a sample with insulated conducting particles, the measured EM conductivity decreases with the increasing square of the sample diameter. This indicates that EM field methods may not respond well to disseminated targets with dispersed conducting minerals even at high concentrations. A mechanism attributed to magnetic loss produced unrealistically high apparent conductivities for magnetite-bearing samples, especially at low frequencies (f &lt; 100 kHz). For a conductive magnetite sample (σ &gt; 1 S/m), the effect of magnetic loss can be eliminated at high frequencies (f &gt; 400 kHz ), and the ohmic conductivity of the magnetite sample can then be estimated.
Hyperprofile-Based Computation Offloading for Mobile Edge Networks (2017)

In recent studies, researchers have developed various computation offloading frameworks for bringing cloud services closer to the user via edge networks. Specifically, an edge device needs to offload computationally intensive tasks because of energy and processing constraints. These constraints present the challenge of identifying which edge nodes should receive tasks to reduce overall resource consumption. We propose a unique solution to this problem which incorporates elements from Knowledge-Defined Networking (KDN) to make intelligent predictions about offloading costs based on historical data. Each server instance can be represented in a multidimensional feature space where each dimension corresponds to a predicted metric. We compute features for a "hyperprofile" and position nodes based on the predicted costs of offloading a particular task. We then perform a k-Nearest Neighbor (kNN) query within the hyperprofile to select nodes for offloading computation. This paper formalizes our hyperprofile-based solution and explores the viability of using machine learning (ML) techniques to predict metrics useful for computation offloading. We also investigate the effects of using different distance metrics for the queries. Our results show various network metrics can be modeled accurately with regression, and there are circumstances where kNN queries using Euclidean distance as opposed to rectilinear distance is more favorable.
Inhibition of Respiratory Virus Infections of Mice with Aerosols of Synthetic Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid (1971)

Aerosols of double-stranded complexes of polyinosinic and polycytidylic acids (poly I:C) were useful in protecting mice infected with aerosols of influenza (A(2)/Taiwan/64) and parainfluenza type 1 (Sendai) viruses. Administration of poly I:C as an aerosol offers an advantage, particularly in therapy, by eliminating the risk of pulmonary dissemination of viral infections due to intranasally instilled fluids. Treatment of mice with aerosols of poly I:C reduced the infection rate with influenza virus but did not inhibit virus multiplication in the lungs of most of those animals where infection became established. Sendai virus infection rates were undiminished in mice treated with poly I:C, but lung-virus titers were significantly suppressed as compared with those of untreated animals. The maximum poly I:C doses (40 mug) administered by aerosol produced no evidence of toxicity in the mice.
DL-3,3-difluoroglutamate: an enhancer of folylpolyglutamate elongation. (1990)

The effect of 3,3-difluoroglutamate (F2Glu) on the reaction catalyzed by rat liver folypolyglutamate synthetase was investigated. F2Glu was a potent, concentration-dependent inhibitor of poly(gamma-glutamylation) using [3H]Glu and either methotrexate (4-NH2-10-CH3PteGlu) or tetrahydrofolate as substrates. It was determined that F2Glu acted as an alternate substrate, but in contrast to the previously characterized alternate substrate 4-fluoroglutamate (McGuire, J.J., and Coward, J.K. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 6747-6754), it did not terminate polyglutamate chain elongation. Instead, F2Glu promoted chain elongation. Thus, synthesis of products from [3H]methotrexate containing 1 and 2 additional amino acid residues occurred at a substantially higher rate in the presence of F2Glu when compared to identical reactions in the presence of Glu; this was more pronounced for the product containing 2 additional residues. Identities of the products were established by their respective chromatographic elution positions and by limit digestion with gamma-glutamyl hydrolases. Ligation of Glu to 4-NH2-10-CH3PteGlu-gamma-(3,3-difluoroglutamate) was also enhanced. These results are consistent with F2Glu enhancing the synthesis of poly(gamma-glutamate) metabolites at the level of either the incoming amino acid (glutamate analog) or the gamma-glutamyl acceptor species. F2Glu is thus the first glutamate analog which enhances chain elongation catalyzed by folypolyglutamate synthetase.
Substantive Azofarbstoffe der Benzimidazolreihe (1899)

Substantive Azoffirbstoffe der Benzimidazolreihe.(Eingegangen am 25.MBrz.)L e l l n i a n n und H a i l e r ' ) haben gezeigt, dsss im Dvhydrothioparatoluidin Schwefel dtirch SauerstofT oder die Imidogruppe ersetzt werden kann, ohne dass den yo11 diesen neuen Grundkorpern sich nbleitenden Azofarbstoffrri die Fahigkeit iuangelte, auf unpebeiztr Heurnwolle L U ziehen.Aber die qennnnten Autorrn fanden brreits, dass die Stellung der Amidogruppe von Belang sei fiir drn Grad der Substantivitiit, d. h.fur die Leichtigkeit und Starke, mit wrlcher die Ptlanzenfaser angefarbt wird; die aus rn-Arnidophenylniethj lbenximidazol gewonnenen Farbstoffe standeu deli mittels d r s p-Kiirpers erhaltenen erheblich nacb
Research and Application of Risk Assessment in Urban Lifeline Systems Based on GIS and REST (2010)

Urban Lifeline System is the foundation of modern cities. For the urban lifeline system, by taking gas pipeline as the study object, the System of Risk Assessment for City Gas was established which is based on application requirements, using GIS and REST technology. The system aimed to study on the function and the frame structures of the application system, the data model of pipelines and the risk analysis of city gas. The technology tools of risk management and emergency response for the gas management was given.
Stereo vision requires an explicit encoding of vertical disparity (2009)

Vertical disparities influence the perception of 3D depth, but little is known about the neuronal mechanisms underlying this. One possibility is that these perceptual effects are mediated by an explicit encoding of two-dimensional disparity. Recently, J. C. A. Read and B. G. Cumming (2006) pointed out that current psychophysical and physiological evidence is consistent with a much more economical one-dimensional encoding. Almost all relevant information about vertical disparity could in theory be extracted from the activity of purely horizontal-disparity sensors. Read and Cumming demonstrated that such a 1D system would experience Ogle's induced effect, a famous illusion produced by vertical disparity. Here, we test whether the brain employs this 1D encoding, using a version of the induced effect stimulus that simulates the viewing geometry at infinity and thus removes the cues which are otherwise available to the 1D model. This condition was compared to the standard induced effect stimulus, presented on a frontoparallel screen at finite viewing distance. We show that the induced effects experienced under the two conditions are indistinguishable. This rules out the 1D model proposed by Read and Cumming and shows that vertical disparity, including sign, must be explicitly encoded across the visual field.
Metalloporphyrin contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging of human tumors in mice. (1986)

Enhanced contrast of transplanted human colon carcinoma in athymic mice is seen in magnetic resonance images upon iv injection of the complexes of Mn(III) with two water-soluble porphyrins, tetra (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin and tetra (N-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin.
Determination of the covalent structure of an N‐ and C‐terminally blocked glycoprotein from endocuticle of <i>Locusta migratoria</i> (1991)

The complete structure of protein isolated from endocuticle of sexually mature locusts, Locusta migratoria, has been determined by a combination of automatic Edman degradation and plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The protein is extensively post-translationally modified. The N-terminal is 5-oxoproline (pyroglutamic acid) and the C-terminal proline residue is amidated. Furthermore, the protein is glycosylated by a single N-acetyl-galactosamine residue at one, two or three threonines. The N-terminal sequence was obtained by analysing the N-acetylated N,O-permethylated derivative using plasma desorption mass spectrometry. The position and type of carbohydrate were determined by combining an HPLC-based carbohydrate analysis with the peak pattern of the phenylthiohydantoin derivative in automatic sequencing and with mass information on peptides. The protein has pronounced similarity to cuticular proteins from larvae of diptera and lepidoptera, but only slight resemblance to the previously sequenced locust exocuticular proteins. This indicates a similarity between soft larval cuticles and locust endocuticle, a similarity which may extend to their mechanical properties.
Semi-Quantitative Determination of H Type 1 and Type 2 Antigens on Buccal Epithelial Cells and in Saliva of Secretors and Non-Secretors (1990)

The amount of H antigens on buccal epithelial cells (BEC) of secretors and non-secretors was measured by flow cytometry. H type 1 and H type 2 on BEC were detected with fluorescein-labelled Ulex europaeus lectin, and El type 2 was measured with mouse monoclonal antibody. Between 3.5 and 6 times more H antigen was detected on cells from secretors compared with cells from non-secretors. The level of H type 2 was the same on BEC of secretors and non-secretors. Adsorption of H type 1 antigen from secretor saliva onto non-secretors BEC was demonstrated. A simple and sensitive ELISA method was developed for the determination of El in saliva with biotin-labelled Ulex lectin. This system provides a simple means for measuring the amount of H present in saliva and for the determination of secretor status.