gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum hepatitis B virus DNA detection with S- and C-region-directed probes (1993)

Developments in molecular biology have offered a wide range of nucleic acid probes to detect the genome of hepatitis B virus (HBV). We have tested the ability of two enzyme-linked (alkaline phosphatase) probes to detect HBV-DNA. These hybridise with the S and C regions of the genome of HBV and are used to determine the clinical significance of detecting the two regions. A total of 66 serum samples from patients at different stages of HBV infection was examined. HBV-DNA was detected with at least one of the probes in 17 (85%) patients with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis, five (26.3%) with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis and six (66.6%) with acute hepatitis. Although both probes were able to detect as little as 10 pg/ml (2.86 x 10(6) g.E./ml) of a full length HBV-DNA standard, the C-region-directed probe did not react in one patient with acute hepatitis, two with HBeAg-positive and three with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis. When C-region-directed probes are used for diagnostic purposes, results should always be accompanied by hybridisation with probes directed against other regions showing less variability (e.g. S region).
Reduction of Salt (NaCl) Losses During the Manufacture of Cheddar Cheese (2004)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of cheese-making technologies, including homogenization of cream, ultrafiltration, and vacuum condensing of milk, on the retention of salt in Cheddar cheese. One part of pasteurized, separated milk (0.58% fat) was ultrafiltered (55 degrees C, 16.0% protein), another vacuum condensed (12.5% protein), and the third was not concentrated. Cheddar cheese was manufactured using 6 treatments by standardizing unconcentrated milk to a casein-to-fat ratio of 0.74 with unhomogenized 35% fat cream (C), homogenized (6.9 MPa/3.5 MPa) 35% fat cream (CH), ultrafiltered milk and unhomogenized cream (UF), ultrafiltered milk and homogenized cream (UFH), condensed milk and unhomogenized cream (CM), and condensed milk and homogenized cream (CMH). Treatments C and CH had 3.7% fat and 3.5% protein, and the respective values for the remaining treatments were 4.9 and 4.6. The milled curd was dry salted at 2.7% by weight. The salt content of the cheeses receiving homogenization treatment was higher at 1.83 and 1.70% for CH and UFH, respectively, compared with their corresponding controls at 1.33%. The salt content in cheeses from CMH was 1.64% and was not affected by homogenization. Salt retention in C increased from 41.7 to 59.2% in CH, and in UF it increased from 42.5 to 54.5% in UFH. There was a corresponding decrease in the salt content of whey from these cheeses.
Reversed-Phase HPLC from pH 1 to 13 (1982)

Journal Article Reversed-Phase HPLC from pH 1 to 13 Get access Dan Peter Lee Dan Peter Lee Hamilton Company, P.O. Box 10030, Reno, Nevada 89510 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 20, Issue 5, May 1982, Pages 203–208, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/20.5.203 Published: 01 May 1982 Article history Received: 31 July 1981 Revision received: 04 January 1982 Published: 01 May 1982
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel chiral non-racemic diaminoplatinum analogs based on a tetrahydropyran motif (1993)

Mono and dihydroxy diamino tetrahydropyran derivatives, readily available from L-arabinose, were prepared and converted into the corresponding diamino cis-platinum analogs. The presence of hydroxy groups imparts water solubility and enhanced antitumor activity.
High-power GaN light-emitting diodes with patterned copper substrates by electroplating (2004)

A high-power chip structure of GaN/mirror/Cu light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was developed by a combination of laser lift-off and electroplating techniques. Especially, the LED samples can be accomplished without additional scribing or dicing process. The luminance intensity of the GaN/mirror/Cu LED is about 50% higher than that of the original GaN/sapphire sample. The output power of the GaN/mirror/Cu LED increases linearly with injection current up to 180 mA, while early saturation of the GaN/sapphire device occurs at 70 mA. These indicate that the joule heating is less pronounced for the GaN/mirror/Cu LED sample where the metallic substrate provides a good heat sink. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coming to Terms with Reality: Why Xenotransplantation Is a Necessity (2014)

Transplantation is considered to be established therapy for a variety of end-stage diseases. Despite some obvious parallels, transplantation stands in stark contrast to many other health care services. First, while cost is an extremely critical issue, donor organ supply has always been the foremost concern. Second, the gap between need and demand is narrowing. Third, this situation has been the source of highly controversial disputes. Finally, it is conceivable that if we were to resolve the supply issue, the financial one would become even more significant than it is today. Too often, naive analysts and misleading analyses give the impression that the future will be unlike the past, since both xenotransplantation and mechanical devices will enable to overcome the supply constraint. This chapter focuses on actual and potential cadaveric donors and donor organs. It presents data in tables to enable to put xenotransplantation into an appropriate perspective. Despite the data reported here, futile health policy efforts will be directed toward eliminating the disparity between the need for solid organ transplantation and the supply of human donor organs. The pace of progress may be exceedingly slow, as nonclinical issues take center stage as resource constraints become as apparent as they are real.
Comparative Feeding Values of Soybean Hulls and Wheat Bran for Growing and Finishing Swine (2005)

Feeding values of soybean hulls (SH) were compared to those of wheat bran (WB) for swine diets by chemical compositions, a digestion trial, a preference test by self-selection, and two feeding trials. The SH and the WB appeared to have, on airdry basis, 11.1 vs. 15.4% CP, 32.5 vs. 8.7% crude fiber (CF), 36.8 vs. 10.7% ADF, 0.6 vs. 0.1% Ca, and 492 vs. 92 ppm Fe, respectively. Lysine and total sulfur-containing amino acids in the SH were 0.66 vs. 0.37%, respectively. Apparent digestibility values of the SH were 71% for dry matter, 50% for CP, and 74% for CF. Apparent digestible energy and MEn values of the SH were 2,420 and 2,370 kcal kg -1 , respectively, which were comparable to those of the WB, 2,420 and 2,275 kcal kg -1 (NRC, 1998), respectively. The first feeding trial was conducted with 72 crossbred growing pigs with an average weight of 29.6 kg. The pigs when fed the diets containing 0, 6 and 10% SH by replacing the WB on a weight basis for 42 days did not show significant differences in body weight gain and feed/gain ratio among the treatments. The same trends were observed in the second trial with 60 crossbred finishing pigs with an average weight of 64.5 kg when fed the diets containing 12% SH or WB for 41 days. Back-fat thickness and adjusted loin eye muscle area of the finisher pigs were also not significantly different between the two groups. When allowed to self-select from two different feed troughs containing 10% SH or WB for two weeks, two groups of 80 pigs with 10 pigs per pen consumed the two diets exactly in equal proportion. In conclusion, the soybean hulls can be included up to 10 and 12% for growing or finishing pig diets, respectively, replacing the wheat bran on a weight basis without any adverse effects on palatability of diets and animal performances. (
Differential Neural Effects of Epidural Anesthetics (1980)

The purpose of this investigation was to clarify in a laboratory model the sites of action of epidurally administered local anesthetics. This report describes such a a model, which is capable of monitoring sites of altered electrophysiologic activity induced by epidural anesthetic agents. Evoked potential response alterations measured from electrodes positioned along the conducting pathways were assessed in six monkeys following epidural injections of 0.5 per cent bupivacaine, 3 per cent chloroprocaine, and 1 per cent etidocaine. Bupivacaine in ten studies was found to cause its major effects at the dorsal root entry zone and the long tracts of the spinal cord white matter, associated with variable peripheral nerve alterations. Chloroprocaine effects in six studies were limited to alteration of responses recorded from the dorsal root zone and peripheral nerve. In contrast, etidocaine in eight studies caused marked attenuation of the responses recorded from the long tracts of the spinal cord white matter, associated with only minimal corresponding changes at the dorsal entry zone or peripheral nerve levels. These findings illustrate the capability of this experimental model to demonstrate relatively selective effects along the sensory and motor pathways for epidurally injected local anesthetic agents.
Gene synthesis, expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purification of immunoreactive human insulin‐like growth factors I and II (1989)

We have expressed synthetic genes encoding human insulin-like growth factors I and II in large quantities in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with the 300 N-terminal amino acids of the E. coli trpE gene product. The resulting hybrid proteins were purified from the insoluble fraction of crude bacterial lysates using a rapid HPLC separation procedure employing a C8 reversed-phase column and a gradient of 2-propanol in formic acid. With the procedure we obtained in volatile solvents highly purified fusion proteins that were used for further biochemical and immunological procedures. Here we describe biochemical characteristics of the bacterially expressed fusion proteins and demonstrate that these proteins share substantial antigenic properties with the native polypeptides allowing the establishment of highly specific monoclonal antibodies.
Analytical methods used in conjunction with dried blood spots (2011)

This review covers the wide range of different methods that have been used for the microanalysis of dried blood spots (DBS) from the ones reported in 1914 to the sophisticated processes used, for example, in newborn screening, new drug discovery research and application of PCR based DNA studies of HIV in countries with limited infrastructure. The value of the dried blood spot as a sampling tool and the many advantages it offers in combination with suitable analytical methods is discussed. Current developments in both automating the DBS extraction process and the potential for direct analysis of the sample without prior extraction are reviewed. Possible future directions in the analytical methods used for DBS samples are also highlighted.
Genetic analysis of the Duchenne muscular dystrophy gene. (1991)

Molecular biology techniques have changed the way in which we now consider a patient with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy. Using cDNA probes, it has been shown that approximately 65% of the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy or Becker muscular dystrophy have gene deletions. The identification of a deletion allows the disease to be confirmed by noninvasive DNA testing. Furthermore, the identification of the gene defect can help distinguish Becker muscular dystrophy from other clinically similar neuromuscular disorders. Most importantly, the elucidation of the gene defects has resulted in the application of direct carrier and prenatal diagnostics.
Air Force Research Laboratory high power electric propulsion technology development (2010)

Space solar power generation systems have a significant impact on Electric Propulsion (EP) technology development. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2,3</sup> Recent advances in solar cell, deployment, and concentrator hardware have led to significant reductions in component mass, thereby decreasing power generation system specific mass. Combined with maneuvering requirements for Air Force and DoD missions of interest, propulsive requirements emerge that provide direction for technology investments. Projections for near- to mid-term propulsion capabilities are presented indicating the need for thrusters capable of processing larger amounts of power (100 - 200 kW), operating at relatively moderate specific impulse (2000 - 6000 seconds) and high efficiency (> 60%), and having low propulsion system mass (< 1 kg/kW). Two technology areas are identified and discussed in the context of the above thruster constraints. Concentric channel Hall thrusters are an extension of a mature technology, offering operation over expanded power levels and lower propulsion system specific mass at state-of-the-art (SOTA) efficiencies. Field Reverse Configuration (FRC) thrusters are a specific type of pulsed inductive accelerator that have the potential to operate up to MW power levels, at propulsion system specific masses even lower than concentric channel Hall thrusters, and on a wider range of propellants. However, FRCs are currently less mature than the Hall thruster variants. Comparisons of candidate technologies are evaluated with VASIMR, a well publicized high power EP device currently under development.
Adenosine Is a Pulmonary Vasodilator in Newborn Lambs (1992)

We investigated the systemic and pulmonary vascular effects of adenosine and determined plasma adenosine levels in pulmonary circulation in 12 newborn lambs during normoxia and during alveolar hypoxia (10% O2, 5% CO2, and 85% N2). Lambs were instrumented at 7 days of age with catheters in the descending aorta, main pulmonary artery, and right and left atria, and a flow transducer around the main pulmonary artery, and were studied following a 3-day recovery. Adenosine or an equal volume of normal saline (control) was infused into the right atrial line in doses ranging from 0.01 to 2.5 mumol/kg/min. In normoxic lambs, adenosine caused a significant decrease in pulmonary vascular resistance and increase in heart rate in doses of 0.15 to 2.5 mumol/kg/min and a decrease in systemic vascular resistance, with increase in cardiac output in doses of 0.3 to 2.5 mumol/kg/min. Baseline plasma adenosine levels in pulmonary artery and left atrium decreased significantly during alveolar hypoxia. Adenosine infusion in hypoxic lambs caused decreases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance at all the doses tested. Aortic pressure and systemic vascular resistance decreased, and heart rate and cardiac output increased at doses greater than or equal to 0.3 mumol/kg/min in hypoxic lambs during adenosine infusion. The pulmonary vascular effects of adenosine in hypoxic lambs were attenuated by prior treatment of animals with aminophylline. Thus, adenosine appears to be an important regulator of pulmonary vascular response to hypoxia in newborn lambs. Its vasodilator effects were specific for pulmonary circulation when it was infused in doses less than or equal to 0.15 mumol/kg/min into the right atrium and appear to be mediated by P1 purinergic receptors.
Preprototype Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem development (1981)

Vapor Compression Distillation (VCD) has evolved as the most promising approach to reclaim potable water from wastewater for future long-term manned space missions. Life Systems, Inc. (LSI), working with NASA, has developed a preprototype Vapor Compression Distillation Subsystem (VCDS) which processes wastewater at 1.4 kg/h. The preprototype unit weighs 143 kg, occupies a volume of 0.47 cu m, and will reclaim 96 percent of the available wastewater. This unit has been tested by LSI and is scheduled for further testing at NASA-JSC. This paper presents the preprototype VCDS design, configuration, performance data, test results and flight system projections.
[The pharmacologic effect of flupirtine, a structurally new analgesic]. (1985)

The analgesic potency of ethyl-N-[2-amino-6-(4-fluorophenylmethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]carb ama te (flupirtine, D 9998) in mice and rats in Haffner's test, electro-pain test and Randall-Selitto test (inflammation induced pain) lies between the more potent dextromoramide and methadone and the more weakly active pethidine, dextropropoxyphene, codeine, phenacetin and paracetamol. In comparison to codeine flupirtine is up to 4 times more potent, up to 2 times more active than pethidine and 4 times more potent than dextropropoxyphene in the above-mentioned methods. With one exception of inflammation induced pain, where flupirtine shows an activity of about 1 1/2 times that of phenacetin and paracetamol, both analgesics are about 10 to nearly 30 times less active than flupirtine in other above-mentioned tests. In the hot plate test flupirtine is twice as active as codeine and approximately 10 times more active than phenacetin and paracetamol. The weakest analgesic activity of flupirtine is seen in acetic acid test where it is about half as active as codein and approximately as active as dextropropoxyphene. Nevertheless, flupirtine is up to 10 times more potent than phenacetin and paracetamol. The acetic acid test is claimed to be non-specific according to our own experience and to other authors. Flupirtine is enterally absorbed at a higher degree than the other tested centrally acting analgesics. In regard to the results of various analgesic investigations in mice and rats flupirtine can be classified as a medium to strong acting analgesic. The duration of action of flupirtine is comparable to that of codeine. Experiments with flupirtine suggest that there are some convincing criteria for a pronounced central acting component of its analgesic activity. These criteria are the strong efficacy in the hot-plate and Haffner's test, in which only centrally acting analgesics show distinct effects, and the finding that flupirtine increases the pain threshold for vocalisation in rats and mice excluding a pure reflex of the spinal cord. In current experiments concerning the mode of action flupirtine exhibits a distinct central analgesic component of action. In spite of its relatively high analgesic potency which corresponds to that of opiates flupirtine does not show any other signs of opiate properties and other potent analgesics. Thus, flupirtine does not develop tolerance in mice and rats after 19 or 17 days of daily administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A new micropump with bidirectional fluid transport and selfblocking effect (2002)

In this paper we present a new device which is both a forward and reverse working micropump and an active microvalve. We discuss two new mechanisms which in combination are responsible for the fluid transport of the device. The direction of the fluid transport can be switched by varying the driving frequency of the actuator. Pumps have been successfully tested with liquids and gases, showing for the first time self priming with liquids. We achieved maximum pump rates of 1600 /spl mu/l/min in forward direction and 1200 /spl mu/l/min in reverse direction by using liquids. The maximum back pressure was 17 kPa (1.7 m H/sub 2/O). Pumping air we achieved a maximum gas flow rate of 8000 /spl mu/l/min in both directions.
Lung fibroblasts from patients with emphysema show a reduced proliferation rate in culture (2004)

Emphysema is characterised by a loss of alveolar structure, as reflected in elastic recoil and gas exchange. As fibroblasts play a key role in the maintenance of structure, the current authors hypothesised that their proliferation might be constitutively impaired in lung emphysema. Using explant cultures, lung fibroblasts were obtained from resected lungs of 10 patients with emphysema (median forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) 40% predicted) and 10 control patients (FEV1, 95% pred). The doubling time (DT) was measured over 4 days under standard conditions (10% foetal calf serum) prior and after cryopreservation. Additionally, in seven samples per group the total population doubling level (PDL) was determined. In emphysema, mean+/-sem DT was 33.6+/-2.8 h compared with 24.8+/-1.4 h in controls. The differences in DT were preserved after cryopreservation. Groups also differed in the initial slope of the PDL plot during long-term culture (up to 35 days). However, the median (range) maximum PDL did not differ significantly between groups (13.8 (7.4-22.6) versus 20.2 (11.2-25.5)). The current authors, therefore, suggest that the reduced proliferation rate in vitro of lung fibroblasts from patients with emphysema reflects a persistent, intrinsic failure of cellular replacement and maintenance in this disease, possibly in relation to pre-term aging.
Space-time adaptive processing for improved estimation of preictal seizure activity (2012)

Detection of precursory, seizure-related activity in electroencephalograms (EEG) is a clinically important and difficult problem in the field of epilepsy. Seizure detection methods often aim to identify specific features and correlations between preictal EEG signals that differentiate them from interictal/nonictal signals. Typically, these methods use information from nonictal EEGs to establish detection thresholds, and do not otherwise incorporate their characteristics into the detection. A space-time adaptive approach is proposed to improve detection of seizure-related preictal activity in scalp EEG, using multiple patient-specific baseline signals to optimize the estimate of the baseline covariance matrix. A simplified model of the preictal EEG is assumed, which describes this signal as a linear superposition of seizure-related activity and baseline activity (treated as an interference signal). It is shown that when an improved estimate of the baseline covariance is included in the preictal detector, the true positive rate increases significantly and also the false positive rate decreases significantly.
XML Document Parsing: Operational and Performance Characteristics (2008)

Parsing is an expensive operation that can degrade XML processing performance. A survey of four representative XML parsing models-DOM, SAX, StAX, and VTD-reveals their suitability for different types of applications.
Robotic Process Automation: A Case Study in the Banking Industry (2019)

Robotic process automation (RPA) is the use of software with artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning capabilities to handle high-volume, repeatable tasks that previously required only humans to perform. In short, there is at least a problem with traditional Business Process Management (BPM) systems, as they cannot suggest the best combination of tasks, people and timings, which can increase the benefits of running them, while reducing the costs and risk factors. Yet, it is an irrefutable fact that the current business environment is highly dynamic. On the one hand, we need to be more efficient to execute what is operational and obvious, releasing scarce resources for more critical areas. Then, dealing with business process management and automation, a common claimed benefit is associated with the improvement of performance. In addition to this and other potential benefits, we also highlight some potential operational risks from the adoption of AI-based systems like RPA. The acceleration in the business context makes it more difficult to predict what changes will occur and how they can affect the technological solutions used in the increasingly automated business processes. We point out the fact that immature or not well-trained models can eventually decrease productivity and increase errors from unsupported or even wrong decisions. We present a case study in the banking sector, which illustrates some examples of benefits and risks arising from BPM solutions that use AI-related agents/artifacts.