gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques et technologies de localisation avancées pour terminaux mobiles dans les environnements indoor (2007)

Knowing where a device or a person is in the environment becomes of major importance for applications providing services based on the position. The evolution of the technology and the advent of the GPS, lead to have a good estimate of the position of a mobile outside buildings. Even if GPS is dominating outdoor positioning, no technology flooded the indoor positioning market yet. Many WiFi networks are deployed inside buildings. Signal strength (RSS) information are present for the roaming inside the network. The RSS fingerprinting technique can determine the position of a mobile as long as a signal strength database (RSS coverage) is available.<br />Time based techniques are less constraining than fingerprinting. The forthcoming IEEE.802.15.4a standard is to have positioning capabilities. A study on the possible positioning techniques is necessary to achieve sub-centimeter accuracies. The narrow impulses emitted provide to the system the capability of separating the different multipath at reception. Multipath is the main phenomena impeding time based positioning technique.<br />Performances of positioning systems are often degraded by multi-path, measurement noises, etc. The Kalman filter and the particle filter are often used in estimation problems and can be limit the impact of the degradations. Sensor fusion is another approach to enhance performances. This is the next step to achieve a indoor globally positioning system. Novel architectures must be designed to make the technologies cooperate in order to annihilated the<br />weaknesses of each single technology and deliver the best position in every situation.<br />This work presents a novel approach for the WiFi indoor positioning by using mapping information while keeping a low complexity for the implementation on handheld devices. Then, UWB capabilities are explored and finally a reflection on sensor fusion is proposed.
Desaminated glycolysis of water‐blown rigid polyurethane foams (2000)

Glycolysis reaction kinetics of methylene diphenyl diisocyanate-based water-blown polyurethane foams was examined by gel permeation chromatography. Glycolysates were reacted with butyl glycidyl ether to convert toxic aromatic amines to polyols, and their products were identified by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. To examine the quality of recycled polyol, polyurethane foams were reprepared using the virgin and recycled polyol mixtures with varying compositions. Cell structures and sizes of reprepared foams were similar to those of original ones when the recycled polyols were mixed up to 30 wt %. Density, thermal conductivity, and flexural strength of the reprepared foams were compared with those of the original ones, and no difference was observed below the recycled polyol concentration of 30 wt %. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 2646–2656, 2000
Glass Polarizers Containing Silver (1984)

There are at least two general categories of absorptive-type glass polarizers which involve silver metal in their polarizing mechanism. Glasses of the first category, permanent polarizers, contain elongated, submicroscopic particles of silver metal aligned along a common axis. Their polarizing capacity is due to a resonant absorption of the silver conduction electrons, the spectral location of which depends on the extent of silver particle elongation and the particle orientation with respect to the applied electromagnetic (light) field. These polarizers have been made with dichroic ratios (optical density ratios) in excess of 40. The best performance is obtained in the long wavelength visible and near infrared regions. They are useful in applications similar to those of plastic sheet polari-zers. They have better optical quality and better thermal, mechanical, and chemical durability. Polarizing glasses of the second category are optically alterable. That is, their color and degree of polarization can be changed by intense visible or near infrared irradiation. These glasses owe their polarizing properties to small, nonspherical specks of silver metal in contact with silver halide crystallites within the glass. The change in color and polarization is believed due to the growth and dissolution of differently shaped and oriented specks during irradiation. This second category of glass polarizer shows much lower dichroic ratios than the first, generally less than 5, but has the advantage that the orientation of the polarizing axis can be changed, or made to vary from one region of the glass to another, by suitable high intensity irradiation.
Citric Acid—A Dispersant for Aqueous Alumina Suspensions (1996)

The interaction between citric acid and alumina in aqueous solution is characterized. Adsorption isotherms of the dispersant on the alumina surface, electrophoretic mobility of the alumina particles as a function of the citric acid concentration, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy of the citratealumina surface complex have been used. The adsorption behavior of citric acid is dependent on the pH of the suspension and the concentration of the citric acid. The maximum amount of citric acid adsorbed on the alumina surface, 2.17 μ.mol/m 2 at pH 3, decreases to 1.17 μmol/m 2 at pH 8. The adsorption of citrate causes a highly negatively charged powder surface and a shift of the isoelectric point (IEP) to lower pH values. The IEP of alumina can be fixed at any pH value between 9 and 3 by proper adjustment of the citric acid concentration. In situ ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy of the citrate‐alumina surface complex gives evidence for a direct interaction between the carboxylate groups of the citrate and the surface aluminum(III) atoms. The rheological properties of alumina suspensions are studied as a function of the citric acid concentration. The data obtained from the viscosity and dynamic electrophoretic measurements correlate well and allow the construction of a stability map of alumina suspensions stabilized with citric acid. The influence of citric acid on the viscosity is discussed using the Derjaguin‐Landau‐Verwey‐Overbeek (DLVO) theory. The interaction potential between the particles is determined by the citrate adsorbed on the surface, leading to a negative particle charge, and the citrate anions remaining in the solution, resulting in an increase of the ionic strength. The adsorption of citric acid also creates a steric barrier that inhibits the complete mutual approach of the individual alumina particles.
Antenna array design for HF RFID smart cabinet (2011)

Design and test approaches are described here for a novel antenna array deployed inside shelves of a smart cabinet that is used for real-time inventory of critical medical supplies using the HF RFID technology. In particular, a custom-built antenna array was designed to mitigate efficiently impact of multi-tag metal-content operational conditions caused by particular tagged product while providing nearly 100% tag reading rate. This objective was reached through a systematic study involving several subsequent steps, i.e. (1) full-wave numerical EM and circuit simulations, (2) quick prototyping using cardboard “substrates”, (3) prototyping of FR-4 boards, and (4) component-level and system-level tests.
Effective and efficient dimensionality reduction for large-scale and streaming data preprocessing (2006)

Dimensionality reduction is an essential data preprocessing technique for large-scale and streaming data classification tasks. It can be used to improve both the efficiency and the effectiveness of classifiers. Traditional dimensionality reduction approaches fall into two categories: feature extraction and feature selection. Techniques in the feature extraction category are typically more effective than those in feature selection category. However, they may break down when processing large-scale data sets or data streams due to their high computational complexities. Similarly, the solutions provided by the feature selection approaches are mostly solved by greedy strategies and, hence, are not ensured to be optimal according to optimized criteria. In this paper, we give an overview of the popularly used feature extraction and selection algorithms under a unified framework. Moreover, we propose two novel dimensionality reduction algorithms based on the orthogonal centroid algorithm (OC). The first is an incremental OC (IOC) algorithm for feature extraction. The second algorithm is an orthogonal centroid feature selection (OCFS) method which can provide optimal solutions according to the OC criterion. Both are designed under the same optimization criterion. Experiments on Reuters Corpus Volume-1 data set and some public large-scale text data sets indicate that the two algorithms are favorable in terms of their effectiveness and efficiency when compared with other state-of-the-art algorithms.
<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> invasin protein triggers IL‐8 production in epithelial cells via activation of Rel p65‐p65 homodimers (2000)

Enteropathogenic Yersinia bacteria trigger the production of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8, an important chemokine for the recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Yersinia is resistant to phagocytosis by PMN, and the recruitment of these cells is thought to be part of a pathogenic strategy of Yersinia to establish infection by allowing the pathogen to gain access to, and disseminate within, host tissue. We report here that Yersinia expressing the outer membrane protein invasin triggers IL-8 production in epithelial cells. The 195 carboxyl-terminal amino acids of invasin when linked to latex beads are sufficient to trigger IL-8 production. By means of IL-8 promoter reporter gene assays and electrophoretic mobility shift assay experiments, the minimal optimal region of the IL-8 promoter responsive to invasin was identified and invasin-responsive control elements were characterized. Invasin-induced activation of the IL-8 promoter was found to be mediated through a previously identified NF-kappaB element. This NF-kappaB binding site preferentially binds Rel p65-p65 homodimers as well as some p50-p65 heterodimers in response to stimulation by invasin. Invasin-induced NF-kappaB activation correlated with degradation of IkappaBalpha and the inhibition of NF-kappaB by specific inhibitors of IkappaB activation blocked invasin-induced IL-8 secretion. Invasin-triggered IL-8 production does not depend on invasin-triggered uptake of bacteria, and is independent of a functional PI3-kinase. This report is the first to demonstrate the molecular basis of IL-8 production triggered by enteropathogenic bacteria. Together, these data elucidate the possible early pathomechanisms operating in Yersinia infection and may have implications for the design of novel therapeutics directed against this enteropathogen.
Actigraphy in the Assessment of Insomnia (2003)

These results suggest that actigraphy is a useful device for measuring treatment response and that it should be used as a complement to sleep-diary evaluation.
Effect of Ethanol Extract of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) on the Inhibition of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in C57bl/6 Mice (2009)

In this study, effect of ethanol extract of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) in the treatment of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) in C57BL/6 mice was evaluated. EAE was induced by immunization of 8 week old mice with MOG(35-55) with complete Freunds adjuvant. Therapy with saffron was started on day the immunization. Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was assessed by Ferric Reducing-Antioxidant Power (FRAP) method. Nitric oxide (NO) production was also estimated by Griess reaction. For histological analysis, mice brain was harvested and sections were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. After daily oral dosage the saffron significantly reduced the clinical symptoms in C57BL/6 mice with EAE. Also, treated mice displayed a delayed disease onset compared with control mice. TAC production was significantly elevated in saffron treated mice. Effect of saffron on serum NO production was not significant. Typical spinal cord leukocyte infiltration was observed in control mice compared with saffron treated mice. These results suggest for the first time that saffron is effective in the prevention of symptomatic EAE by inhibition of oxidative stress and leukocyte infiltration to CNS and may be potentially useful for the treatment of Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
Promoter Trap Markers Differentiate Structural and Positional Components of Polar Development in Arabidopsis (1997)

Jennifer F. Topping, Keith Lindsey, Promoter Trap Markers Differentiate Structural and Positional Components of Polar Development in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 9, No. 10 (Oct., 1997), pp. 1713-1725
Autonomic Resource Allocation for Cloud Data Centers: A Peer to Peer Approach (2014)

We address the problem of resource management for large scale cloud data centers. We propose a Peer to Peer (P2P) resource management framework, comprised of a number of agents, overlayed as a scale-free network. The structural properties of the overlay, along with dividing the management responsibilities among the agents enables the management framework to be scalable in terms of both the number of physical servers and incoming Virtual Machine (VM) requests, while it is computationally feasible. While our framework is intended for use in different cloud management functionalities, e.g. Admission control or fault tolerance, we focus on the problem of resource allocation in clouds. We evaluate our approach by simulating a data center with 2500 servers, striving to allocate resources to 20000 incoming VM placement requests. The simulation results indicate that by maintaining an efficient request propagation, we can achieve promising levels of performance and scalability when dealing with large number of servers and placement requests.
RESPONSE OF THE YOUNG INFANT TO POLIOMYELITIS VACCINE GIVEN SEPARATELY AND COMBINED WITH OTHER ANTIGENS (1958)

Two groups of infants received poliomyelitis immunizations beginning at the age of 6 weeks and completing the series by the age of 10 months. One group was given the vaccine as a separate injection while the other received the vaccine mixed in the same syringe with pertussis or diphtheriapertussis-tetanus vaccine. The responses of these infants to poliomyelitis vaccine were analyzed and the following general conclusions were reached: Poliomyelitis vaccine administered to infants as young as 6 weeks, and given according to the usually recommended schedule results in a satisfactory antibody response. The response to poliomyelitis vaccine mixed with pertussis and DPT vaccines and given as one injection is satisfactory. The combination of antigens gave no practical interference to development of antibodies to diphtheria and pertussis. There were no apparent hazards or adverse reactions associated with combined poliomyelitis-pertussis or poliomyelitis-DPT vaccines. There were no differences in poliomyelitis antibody responses following immunizations with separate and combined vaccine injection. The existence of maternal antibodies at the time of poliomyelitis immunization had no apparent influence on the production or persistence of active antibodies. These findings indicate that poliomyelitis immunization procedures can very easily be integrated into routine pediatric immunization programs, thereby affording the earliest possible protection.
Active-site structure of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase complexed with methylhydrazine: A covalent cofactor-inhibitor complex (1999)

Soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-GDH) from the bacterium Acinetobacter calcoaceticus is a classical quinoprotein. It requires the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to catalyze the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone. The precise catalytic role of PQQ in s-GDH and several other PQQ-dependent enzymes has remained controversial because of the absence of comprehensive structural data. We have determined the crystal structure of a ternary complex of s-GDH with PQQ and methylhydrazine, a competitive inhibitor of the enzyme. This complex, refined at 1.5-Å resolution to an R factor of 16.7%, affords a detailed view of a cofactor-binding site of s-GDH. Moreover, it presents the first direct observation of covalent PQQ adduct in the active-site of a PQQ-dependent enzyme, thereby confirming previous evidence that the C5 carbonyl group of the cofactor is the most reactive moiety of PQQ.
Elastomer Blends (1974)

Abstract Mixtures are difficult to define within the range of materials employed in the rubber and plastic industries. A composite article such as a tire is a mixture of wire (metal), textile cord (organic fiber), and rubber compounds. The rubber compound itself is a mixture of elastomer, filler, and, usually, extender. Moreover, the elastomer may be a mixture of two or more rubbers. On a smaller scale, the elastomer may contain ‘blocky’ segments or crystalline portions along the polymer chains which act as ‘reinforcing’ agents or stiffeners. These may be similar to the repeat units of the elastomeric part, e.g. , isotactic—atactic block copolymers of poly(propylene) or poly(propylene oxide); or different from it, as in the stereo block styrene—butadiene thermoplastic copolymers. Two types of elastomer may of course, be copolymerized or one elastomeric type may be grafted onto another. Furthermore, certain catalysts could cause simultaneous homopolymerization of two monomers. All the foregoing systems are different facets of the broad concept of blends, but some selection is obviously needed. In this review, most emphasis will be placed on elastomer—elastomer blends including their preparation from the constituent elastomers. Reference will be made to elastomer—plastic blends prepared from separate materials and by block/graft type reactions. Blends of one plastic with another lie outside the scope of this review.
Near- and far-ultraviolet circular dichroism of the catalytic subunit of adenosine cyclic 5'-monophosphate dependent protein kinase (1984)

The circular dichroism spectrum of the catalytic subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase was measured in the far-UV (190-240 nm) and near-UV (250-300 nm) region. Data from the far-UV spectra were processed with the CONTIN program for estimation of globular protein secondary structure [ Provencher , S. W. (1982) CONTIN (Version 2) User's Manual, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Heidelberg, West Germany]. The composition of the protein determined by this method was 49 +/- 2% alpha-helix, 20 +/- 4% beta-sheet, and 31 +/- 3% remainder. This composition changes when the protein is allowed to bind Kemptide , a synthetic peptide substrate, with more than half of the disordered portion of the protein taking the form of beta-sheet. A certain portion of the alpha-helical structure also appears to move into a beta-sheet form. The near-UV CD spectrum of catalytic subunit shows changes in aromatic amino acid dichroism associated with substrate binding. These changes can be ascribed with a fair degree of certainty to alterations in the orientation of a tyrosine residue at the surface of the protein. These findings are discussed in terms of previous work on induced dichroism in this enzyme with regard to control mechanisms operating at the active site.
Effects of the morphologies and structures of light-emitting layers on the performance of organic electroluminescent devices (2001)

Organic electroluminescent devices with a structure of ITO/ploy (9-vinylcarbazole)/tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3)/Mg:Ag are fabricated at different substrate temperatures (77, 298, and 438 K) during Alq3 deposition. It is found that the surface morphologies of Alq3 thin films greatly affect the I–V characteristics of the devices by the contact area between metal cathode and light-emitting layer. There is an increase in the luminous efficiency of the devices in the order 77 K&lt;298 K&lt;438 K. We attribute this trend to different structures of Alq3 thin films.
Doubly differential positron-backscattering yields (1991)

Direct measurements of doubly differential (angle and energy) distributions of backscattered positrons are reported using an electro- statically guided slow-positron beam. Backscattering yields for 35-keV positrons incident normally on the target were measured as a function of both scattering angle \ensuremath{\theta} and target atomic number Z(4\ensuremath{\le}Z\ensuremath{\le}82). Absolute backscattering coefficients for positrons are compared to previous measurements and to corresponding values for electrons. Some apparent inconsistencies among various data are shown to arise from the dependence of the backscattering yield on incident angle.
Mouse and rat plasma renin concentration and gene expression in (mRen2)27 transgenic rats (1998)

The (mRen2)27 transgenic rat [TGR(mRen2)27] is said to have low plasma levels of active renin. We used a direct radioimmunoassay (RIA) for mouse submaxillary renin, as well as an indirect enzyme-kinetic assay based on the generation of angiotensin I with modification of the pH optimum, to measure rat and mouse plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma renin concentration (PRC), and plasma prorenin in TGR before and after lisinopril. The relationship between rat PRC and % rat kidney extract was steepest at pH 6.0 and flat at pH 8.5, whereas the relationship between mouse PRC and purified mouse renin was steepest at pH 8.5 and flat at pH 6.0. Mouse PRC was highly correlated with direct RIA measurements (r = 0.93). PRA before lisinopril was little influenced by pH, whereas the increase with lisinopril was greatest at pH 6.5. PRC before lisinopril was fourfold higher at pH 8.5 compared with that at pH 6.0. Lisinopril increased both PRC values but reversed the pH dependency. Prorenin was fourfold higher at pH 8.5 compared with that at pH 6.0 and decreased slightly with lisinopril. Renal renin concentration was higher at pH 6.0 than at pH 8.5. With lisinopril, renal renin concentration increased at both pH values. Mouse PRC was not changed by lisinopril. Ribonuclease protection assay showed both rat and mouse renin gene expression in the kidney, which increased with lisinopril. Thus TGR have circulating active rat and mouse renin and prorenin. The notion that TGR are a "low renin" model should be revised.
Optical gain due to excitonic transitions in ZnCdSe/ZnMgSSe strained layer quantum well blue–green lasers: Prediction of low threshold under tensile strain (1995)

Gain coefficient of excitonic transitions is calculated for unstrained as well as strained ZnCdSe/ZnMgSSe multiple quantum well (MQW) lasers as a function of operating wavelength and injection current. Unlike the III–V strained layer quantum well lasers, the gain coefficient due to excitonic transitions is significantly higher in II–VI systems as the exciton binding energy is more than 5 times larger. This results in a primary role for excitons in lasing which has been verified experimentally. Strain induced changes in energy band gaps and effective masses of light and heavy holes are included in the gain and threshold current density calculations, which are in agreement with experimental data available for compressive strained layers grown on GaAs substrates. Significantly low threshold current density of about 180 A/cm2 are predicted for the tensile strained ZnCdSe–ZnMgSSe and ZnCdSe–ZnSeTe quantum well lasers using InP substrates.