gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties and Reactivity of Myoglobin Reconstituted with Chemically Modified Protohemin Complexes (2000)

The synthetic complexes protohemin-6(7)-L-arginyl-L-alanine (HM-RA) and protohemin-6(7)-L-histidine methyl ester (HM-H) were prepared by condensation of suitably protected Arg-Ala or His residues with protohemin IX. HM-RA and HM-H were used for reconstitution of apomyoglobin from horse heart, yielding the Mb-RA and Mb-H derivatives, respectively, of the protein. The spectral, binding and catalytic properties of Mb-RA and Mb-H are significantly different from those of Mb. As shown by MM and MD calculations, these differences are determined by some local structural changes around the heme which are generated by increased mobility of a key peptide segment (Phe43-Lys47), containing the residue (Lys45) that in native Mb interacts with one of the porphyrin carboxylate groups. In the reconstituted Mbs this carboxylate group is bound to the Arg-Ala or His residue and is no longer available for electrostatic interaction with Lys45. The mobility of the peptide segment near the active site allows the distal histidine to come to a closer contact with the heme, and in fact Mb-RA and Mb-H exist as an equilibrium between a high-spin form and a major low-spin, six-coordinated form containing a bis-imidazole ligated heme. The two forms are clearly distinguishable in the NMR spectra, that also show that each of them consists of a mixture of the two most stable isomers resulting from cofactor reconstitution, as also anticipated by MM and MD calculations. Exogenous ligands such as cyanide, azide, or hydrogen peroxide can displace the bound distal histidine, but their affinity is reduced. On the other hand, mobilization of the peptide chain around the heme in the reconstituted Mbs increases the accessibility of large donor molecules at the heme periphery, with respect to native Mb, where a rigid backbone limits access to the distal pocket. The increased active site accessibility of Mb-RA and Mb-H facilitates the binding and electron transfer of phenolic substrates in peroxidase-type oxidations catalyzed by the reconstituted proteins in the presence of hydrogen peroxide.
High-quality image deblurring with panchromatic pixels (2012)

Image deblurring has been a very challenging problem in recent decades. In this article, we propose a high-quality image deblurring method with a novel image prior based on a new imaging system. The imaging system has a newly designed sensor pattern achieved by adding panchromatic (pan) pixels to the conventional Bayer pattern. Since these pan pixels are sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light, they collect a significantly higher proportion of the light striking the sensor. A new demosaicing algorithm is also proposed to restore full-resolution images from pixels on the sensor. The shutter speed of pan pixels is controllable to users. Therefore, we can produce multiple images with different exposures. When long exposure is needed under dim light, we read pan pixels twice in one shot: one with short exposure and the other with long exposure. The long-exposure image is often blurred, while the short-exposure image can be sharp and noisy. The short-exposure image plays an important role in deblurring, since it is sharp and there is no alignment problem for the one-shot image pair. For the algorithmic aspect, our method runs in a two-step maximum-a-posteriori (MAP) fashion under a joint minimization of the blur kernel and the deblurred image. The algorithm exploits a combined image prior with a statistical part and a spatial part, which is powerful in ringing controls. Extensive experiments under various conditions and settings are conducted to demonstrate the performance of our method.
Characterization of the MRP4- and MRP5-mediated Transport of Cyclic Nucleotides from Intact Cells (2003)

Cyclic nucleotides are known to be effluxed from cultured cells or isolated tissues. Two recently described members of the multidrug resistance protein family, MRP4 and MRP5, might be involved in this process, because they transport the 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides, cAMP and cGMP, into inside-out membrane vesicles. We have investigated cGMP and cAMP efflux from intact HEK293 cells overexpressing MRP4 or MRP5. The intracellular production of cGMP and cAMP was stimulated with the nitric oxide releasing compound sodium nitroprusside and the adenylate cyclase stimulator forskolin, respectively. MRP4- and MRP5-overexpressing cells effluxed more cGMP and cAMP than parental cells in an ATP-dependent manner. In contrast to a previous report we found no glutathione requirement for cyclic nucleotide transport. Transport increased proportionally with intracellular cyclic nucleotide concentrations over a calculated range of 20-600 microm, indicating low affinity transport. In addition to several classic inhibitors of organic anion transport, prostaglandins A(1) and E(1), the steroid progesterone and the anti-cancer drug estramustine all inhibited cyclic nucleotide efflux. The efflux mediated by MRP4 and MRP5 did not lead to a proportional decrease in the intracellular cGMP or cAMP levels but reduced cGMP by maximally 2-fold over the first hour. This was also the case when phosphodiesterase-mediated cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis was inhibited by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, conditions in which efflux was maximal. These data indicate that MRP4 and MRP5 are low affinity cyclic nucleotide transporters that may at best function as overflow pumps, decreasing steep increases in cGMP levels under conditions where cGMP synthesis is strongly induced and phosphodiesterase activity is limiting.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Acidity Properties of [MCl(H<sub>2</sub>)(L)(PMP)]BF<sub>4</sub>(M = Ru, L = PPh<sub>3</sub>, CO; M = Os, L = PPh<sub>3</sub>; PMP = 2,6-(Ph<sub>2</sub>PCH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N) (1997)

Treatment of RuCl2(PPh3)3 with PMP (PMP = 2,6-(Ph2PCH2)2C5H3N) in acetone produced RuCl2(PPh3)(PMP), which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction. Treatment of RuCl2(PPh3)(PMP) with NaBH4 in methanol gave RuHCl(PPh3)(PMP), acidification of which with HBF4·Et2O produced the molecular dihydrogen complex [RuCl(H2)(PPh3)(PMP)]BF4. Treatment of RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 with PMP in benzene produced RuHCl(CO)(PMP), which reacted with HBF4·Et2O to give the molecular dihydrogen complex [RuCl(H2)(CO)(PMP)]BF4. The osmium molecular dihydrogen complex [OsCl(H2)(PPh3)(PMP)]BF4 was prepared by protonation of OsHCl(PPh3)(PMP) with HBF4·Et2O. Relative acidities of the dihydrogen complexes were investigated by NMR spectroscopy of equilibrium reactions conducted in CD2Cl2. [RuCl(H2)(CO)(PMP)]BF4 is more acidic than [RuCl(H2)(PPh3)(PMP)]BF4, which is in turn more acidic than its osmium analog [OsCl(H2)(PPh3)(PMP)]BF4.
Pathogenic Upregulation of Glial Lipocalin-2 in the Parkinsonian Dopaminergic System (2016)

Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), a member of the highly heterogeneous secretory protein family of lipocalins, may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity in the brain. However, LCN2 expression and its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) are largely unknown. Here, we report that LCN2 is upregulated in the substantia nigra of patients with PD and neurotoxin-treated animal models of PD. Our results suggest that LCN2 upregulation might be a potential pathogenic mechanism of PD, which would result in disruption of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system through neurotoxic iron accumulation and neuroinflammation. Therefore, inhibition of LCN2 expression or activity may be useful in protecting the nigrostriatal dopaminergic projection in PD.
cDNA Cloning and Expression of a Human FGF Receptor which Binds Acidic and Basic FGF (1991)

We have isolated and characterized a cDNA clone, phFGFR, encoding a human fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor. phFGFR contains an open reading frame which encodes an 820 amino acid polypeptide with three immunoglobulin-like domains in the extracellular part and an intracellular split tyrosine kinase domain. Transient expression in COS-1 cells and immunoprecipitation using an antiserum raised against a C-terminal peptide, gave rise to two components, representing mature (130 kDa) and precursor (115 kDa) forms of the phFGFR encoded polypeptide, which was denoted hFGFR-1. Crosslinking of iodinated acidic FGF (aFGF) and basic FGF (bFGF) to transiently expressing COS-1 cells revealed a major band of 95 kDa, which was competed for by both aFGF and bFGF. From Scatchard analyses, the Kd:s for binding of aFGF and bFGF to hFGFR-1 were estimated to 25 pM and 41 pM, respectively. Thus, phFGFR encodes a human FGF receptor with high affinity for both aFGF and bFGF.
Economic analysis of efficient distribution transformer trends (1998)

This report outlines an approach that will account for uncertainty in the development of evaluation factors used to identify transformer designs with the lowest total owning cost (TOC). The TOC methodology is described and the most highly variable parameters are discussed. The model is developed to account for uncertainties as well as statistical distributions for the important parameters. Sample calculations are presented. The TOC methodology is applied to data provided by two utilities in order to test its validity.
Blastogenic potency of concanavalin-A-bound L1210 leukemic vaccine associated with its immunogenic activity. (1979)

Glutaraldehyde-treated L1210 murine leukemic cells induced immune resistance in mice when concanavalin-A (Con-A) was bound to their surface. They were not immunogenic when Con-A was separately inoculated, indicating requirement of vaccine-bound Con-A for enhancing immunogenic potency of the vaccine. Based on the finding that vaccine-bound Con-A induced in vitro blastogenesis of spleen cells 10 times as efficiently as unbound Con-A did, the association of blastogenic potency of Con-A-bound vaccine with its immunogenic activity was examined. The possibility of their association was supported by the finding that induction of immune resistance by vaccines was reduced when their blastogenic activities had been reduced by treatment of the vaccine with anti-Con-A antisera or by substituting succinyl-Con-A or other lectins for Con-A. Moreover, the fact that combined inoculations of Con-A-bound vaccine, assumed to be blastogenic to T cells, with anti-thymocyte sera, but not with cyclophosphamide or carrageenan, resulted in reduced production of resistant animals was also consistent with, but not proving, this possibility. Feasibility of this possibility was further supported by the finding that Con-A-bound vaccine did not induce immune resistance in animals that had been abrogated in blastogenic activity of spleen cells by prior administration of Con-A.
Probing the active site of α‐class rat liver glutathione S‐transferases using affinity labeling by monobromobimane (1997)

Monobromobimane (mBBr) is a substrate of both mu- and alpha-class rat liver glutathione S-transferases, with Km values of 0.63 microM and 4.9 microM for the mu-class isozymes 3-3 and 4-4, respectively, and 26 microM for the alpha-class isozymes 1-1 and 2-2. In the absence of substrate glutathione, mBBr acts as an affinity label of the 1-1 as well as mu-class isozymes, but not of the alpha-class 2-2 isozyme. Incubation of rat liver isozyme 1-1 with mBBr at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C results in a time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme but at a slower (threefold) rate than for reactions with the mu-class isozyme 3-3 and 4-4. The rate of inactivation of 1-1 isozyme by mBBr is not decreased but, rather, is slightly enhanced by S-methyl glutathione. In contrast, 17 beta-estradiol-3,17-disulfate (500 microM) gives a 12.5-fold decrease in the observed rate constant of inactivation by 4 mM mBBr. When incubated for 60 min with 4 mM mBBr, the 1-1 isozyme loses 60% of its activity and incorporates 1.7 mol reagent/mol subunit. Peptide analysis after thermolysin digestion indicates that mBBr modification is equally distributed between two cysteine residues at positions 17 and 111. Modification at these two sites is reduced equally in the presence of the added protectant, 17 beta-estradiol-3,17-disulfate, suggesting that Cys 17 and Cys 111 reside within or near the enzyme's steroid binding sites. In contrast to the 1-1 isozyme, the other alpha-class isozyme (2-2) is not inactivated by mBBr at concentrations as high as 15 mM. The different reaction kinetics and modification sites by mBBr suggest that distinct binding site structures are responsible for the characteristic substrate specificities of glutathione S-transferase isozymes.
Mobility Management Using P2P Techniques in Wireless Networks (2007)

Mobility management is an important task in wireless networks. The Mobile IP protocol provides a basic solution to mobility management in future all-IP wireless network environments. However, Mobile IP suffers from several problems such as triangular routing, long distant and frequent registration update. In this paper, we propose to use the Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network technology to improve Mobile IP. We organize home agents into P2P networks, and take addressing binding data as shard data. A user’s address binding will be hashed into the P2P network and can be queried using P2P lookup mechanisms. We can use a key value (e.g., email or IP address, telephone number) in the P2P lookup, to uniquely locate a user’s address binding. The potential characteristics of load balancing and fault tolerance in a P2P network make our approach more scalable and robust than the standard Mobile IP. To reduce the registration update cost, we chose a dynamic home agent for each mobile user that is close to the user’s location. We study the performance of our proposed approach both qualitatively and quantitatively. Keywords: wireless networks, peer-to-peer networks, mobility management, mobile IP, dynamic home agent assignment
Buried object scanning sonar (2001)

A sonar, designed to scan for objects buried in the seafloor, generates images of pipe and cable sections and ordnance buried in sand. The sonar operates by illuminating a broad swath of the seabed using a line array of acoustic projectors while acoustic backscattering from the illuminated sediment volume is measured with a planar hydrophone array. The line transmitter performs along track beamsteering to improve the SNR of buried target images by illuminating major target surfaces at normal incidence and to reduce volume scattering by limiting the volume of sediments illuminated. The output of the planar-hydrophone array undergoes nearfield focusing which allows the sonar to operate near the seabed where target images have the highest SNR and resolution. The nearfield focusing reduces scattering noise by approximately 12 dB, an improvement measured by comparing the SNR of target echoes in single channel data with the SNR of buried targets in the focused imagery. Plan and side views of the seabed generated from a three-dimensional matrix of focused data provide the position and burial depth of targets covered by sand off Hawaii. An energy detector automatically locates targets in the focused image data.
A Regression-Based Method for Estimating Relative Permeabilities From Displacement Experiments (1988)

Summary We address the process of estimating relative permeability curves from data collected during unsteady-state displacement experiments. We introduce B-splines for use as functional representations of relative permeability curves. With B-splines, polynomial splines of any order can be conveniently implemented in the estimation procedure. This feature allows greater flexibility for incorporating inequality constraints into the parameter-estimation process. We present a method for choosing an appropriate number of spline partitions for representing permeability curves. The method is based on considerations for obtaining the most accurate estimates of the relative permeability curves. We illustrate the method with both hypothetical and actual experimental data. We demonstrate that serious estimation errors may be encountered when relative permeability curves are represented with functions containing too few parameters—e.g., power-law functions.
<title>Passive all-optical gain control in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers</title> (1992)

An all-optical feedback loop is demonstrated which effectively suppresses slow, signal-induced gain fluctuations in Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA's). Gain control is achieved by operating the amplifier in a ring laser configuration. Such a feedback loop which can be fabricated out of all-fiber passive components could be easily implemented in any system using EDFA's.
Poly(vinylamine hydrochloride). Synthesis and utilization for the preparation of water-soluble polymeric dyes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(vinylamine hydrochloride). Synthesis and utilization for the preparation of water-soluble polymeric dyesDaniel J. Dawson, Richard D. Gless, and Robert E. Wingard Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 19, 5996–6000Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00435a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00435a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views762Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low wavefront aberration microcollimated laser diode (1990)

A supercompact microcollimated laser diode (MCLD) was developed without attaching any other external collimating lens. The MCLD consists of 780-nm quantum well laser diode dice and a microcollimating lens in the smallest commercially available laser package. In addition, the MCLD has high reliability against humidity and temperature variations, as all of the elements are assembled in the package filled with dry nitrogen gas. A short focal length micro Fresnel lens is used as the collimating lens to obtain the compact MCLD and narrow collimated laser beam. Additional details are provided on the micro Fresnel lens, the quantum well laser diode dice, and the microcollimated laser diode.
A genomics approach identifies senescence‐specific gene expression regulation (2014)

Replicative senescence is a fundamental tumor-suppressive mechanism triggered by telomere erosion that results in a permanent cell cycle arrest. To understand the impact of telomere shortening on gene expression, we analyzed the transcriptome of diploid human fibroblasts as they progressed toward and entered into senescence. We distinguished novel transcription regulation due to replicative senescence by comparing senescence-specific expression profiles to profiles from cells arrested by DNA damage or serum starvation. Only a small specific subset of genes was identified that was truly senescence-regulated and changes in gene expression were exacerbated from presenescent to senescent cells. The majority of gene expression regulation in replicative senescence was shown to occur due to telomere shortening, as exogenous telomerase activity reverted most of these changes.
Women and societies benefit when childbearing is planned. (2002)

This Issues in Brief presents the most recent information on the pregnancy-related health risks faced by women in developing countries and documents the potentially beneficial impact of family planning on womens lives. (excerpt)
Electronic banking and payments (1998)

Rapid competitive change in financial services is underpinned by new technology, allowing radically improved customer relationship management at much lower channel cost. Internet is just one of the new channels available; interactive TV, mobile phones and smart cards will be just as important. Established banks face major integration challenges, which could be eased by appropriate technology selection and the use of managed access services. The emergence of electronic commerce will demand new payment mechanisms; distinct roles exist for electronic purses, micropayments, electronic credit instructions and high information payments. The successful banks will be those which grasp these new opportunities, using technology to deliver real service excellence, and designing solutions not around their products, nor around their channels, but around their customers. (6 pages)
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 and alpha-synuclein: intersecting pathways in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease? (2011)

Although Parkinson's disease (PD) is generally a sporadic neurological disorder, the discovery of monogenic, hereditable forms of the disease has been crucial in delineating the molecular pathways that lead to this pathology. Genes responsible for familial PD can be ascribed to two categories based both on their mode of inheritance and their suggested biological function. Mutations in parkin, PINK1 and DJ-1 cause of recessive Parkinsonism, with a variable pathology often lacking the characteristic Lewy bodies (LBs) in the surviving neurons. Intriguingly, recent findings highlight a converging role of all these genes in mitochondria function, suggesting a common molecular pathway for recessive Parkinsonism. Mutations in a second group of genes, encoding alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and LRRK2, are transmitted in a dominant fashion and generally lead to LB pathology, with α-syn being the major component of these proteinaceous aggregates. In experimental systems, overexpression of mutant proteins is toxic, as predicted for dominant mutations, but the normal function of both proteins is still elusive. The fact that α-syn is heavily phosphorylated in LBs and that LRRK2 is a protein kinase, suggests that a link, not necessarily direct, exists between the two. What are the experimental data supporting a common molecular pathway for dominant PD genes? Do α-syn and LRRK2 target common molecules? Does LRRK2 act upstream of α-syn? In this review we will try to address these of questions based on the recent findings available in the literature.