gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuferricin, a novel extracellular heme‐binding protein, promotes neurogenesis (2009)

We identified a novel extracellular heme-binding protein and named it neuferricin. The recombinant mouse neuferricin produced in High Five cells was secreted efficiently into the culture medium. Mouse neuferricin mRNA was expressed mainly in the brain at the embryo stage and gradually increased during development. At postnatal stage, it was widely expressed in the brain, heart, adrenal gland, and kidney. Mouse neuferricin has 263 amino acids. It has a cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid-binding domain and appeared to bind hemin because neuferricin solution, but not a solution of neuferricinDeltaHBD (a mutant lacking the heme-binding domain), was tinged with brown and had an absorbance peak at 402 nm. In addition, the experiment with anti-neuferricin antibody using heme-affinity chromatography proved that the endogenous neuferricin detected in the culture medium of Neuro2a cells was associated with hemin. Inhibition of endogenous neuferricin by RNA interference excessively promoted cell survival and proliferation and suppressed neurite outgrowth during the induction of differentiation in Neuro2a cells. Addition of recombinant mouse neuferricin, but not neuferricinDeltaHBD, suppressed survival of Neuro2a cells and rescued from the effects of neuferricin RNAi. In primary cultured mouse neural precursor cells, recombinant mouse neuferricin exhibited the ability to promote neurogenesis. The identification of neuferricin, a novel extracellular heme-binding protein with cytochrome b5-like heme/steroid-binding domain and its neurogenic activity, provide new insights not only into brain development but also the function of heme-binding proteins as extracellular signal transmitters.
Gastric Mucosal Surface In Cirrhosis Evaluated By Magnifying Endoscopy And Scanning Electronic Microscopy (2000)

Magnifying endoscopy provides more details of the mucosa, thus improving the delineation of gastric mucosal morphology. However, magnifying endoscopy has little clinical value in cirrhosis since it does not improve on the accuracy of conventional endoscopy for the diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid and aspirin increase lifespan of genetically heterogeneous male mice (2008)

The National Institute on Aging's Interventions Testing Program was established to evaluate agents that are purported to increase lifespan and delay the appearance of age-related disease in genetically heterogeneous mice. Up to five compounds are added to the study each year and each compound is tested at three test sites (The Jackson Laboratory, University of Michigan, and University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio). Mice in the first cohort were exposed to one of four agents: aspirin, nitroflurbiprofen, 4-OH-alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl nitrone, or nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA). Sample size was sufficient to detect a 10% difference in lifespan in either sex,with 80% power, using data from two of the three sites. Pooling data from all three sites, a log-rank test showed that both NDGA (p=0.0006) and aspirin (p=0.01) led to increased lifespan of male mice. Comparison of the proportion of live mice at the age of 90% mortality was used as a surrogate for measurement of maximum lifespan;neither NDGA (p=0.12) nor aspirin (p=0.16) had a significant effect in this test. Measures of blood levels of NDGA or aspirin and its salicylic acid metabolite suggest that the observed lack of effects of NDGA or aspirin on life span in females could be related to gender differences in drug disposition or metabolism. Further studies are warranted to find whether NDGA or aspirin, over a range of doses,might prove to postpone death and various age-related outcomes reproducibly in mice.
Autonomous cross-domain knowledge transfer in lifelong policy gradient reinforcement learning (2015)

Online multi-task learning is an important capability for lifelong learning agents, enabling them to acquire models for diverse tasks over time and rapidly learn new tasks by building upon prior experience. However, recent progress toward lifelong reinforcement learning (RL) has been limited to learning from within a single task domain. For truly versatile lifelong learning, the agent must be able to autonomously transfer knowledge between different task domains. A few methods for cross-domain transfer have been developed, but these methods are computationally inefficient for scenarios where the agent must learn tasks consecutively.

In this paper, we develop the first cross-domain lifelong RL framework. Our approach efficiently optimizes a shared repository of transferable knowledge and learns projection matrices that specialize that knowledge to different task domains. We provide rigorous theoretical guarantees on the stability of this approach, and empirically evaluate its performance on diverse dynamical systems. Our results show that the proposed method can learn effectively from interleaved task domains and rapidly acquire high performance in new domains.
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Proteinuric Renal Disease (2010)

When Yanagisawa et al. 1 first identified endothelin (ET), a novel polypeptide vasoconstrictor for which numerous other functions were identified later,2 there was early widespread enthusiasm and great expectation for therapeutic opportunities. ET-1 is the most powerful vasoconstrictor in this peptide family; the ET system is complex with a converting enzyme and two receptors, ETA-R and ETB-R. The receptors offer an opportunity for selective blockade. ETA-R primarily mediates vasoconstriction and plays a role in the genesis of hypertension, states of endothelial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis. From a renal perspective, it is important to note that both ETA-R and ETB-R are found in the kidney, ETA-R in vessels and ETB-R mainly in the medulla3 but also in glomeruli.4 Of note, collecting duct ETB-R null mice develop elevated BP, pointing to a potential causal role in the genesis of hypertension.5 It was immediately perceived that such a multifunctional system might provide promising therapeutic targets, but early enthusiasm waned when renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockade stole the show. But the slogan “they never come back” apparently is not true for drugs.

Today it is clear that RAS blockade with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers in renal patients does not consistently reduce proteinuria, which is not only a powerful predictor but also a promoter of renal progression; this is true for the dosages recommended for hypertension control and even for supramaximal dosages.6 This shortcoming has triggered a search for novel interventions in addition to RAS blockade, such as mineralocorticoid receptor blockade,7 renin inhibitors,8 and …
An adaptive maximum-likelihood receiver for colored noise and interference (2002)

A receiver that adapts to the second-order statistics of the disturbance (interference or noise) is presented. By adapting to the statistics of the disturbance, this receiver produces the maximum-likelihood (ML) estimate of the transmitted sequence for any type of disturbance, in contrast to a conventional receiver that only produces the ML estimate when the discrete-time disturbance is white. This disturbance signal could result from (1) cochannel interference, (2) adjacent-channel interference or (3) thermal noise. The proposed receiver consists of a Nyquist analog receive filter and an adaptive maximum-likelihood sequence estimator for colored noise. We show that the samples of the output of this analog receive filter, at one sample per symbol, are sufficient statistics for finding the most likely transmitted sequence regardless of the type of disturbance present at the input to the receiver. An important feature of this adaptive receiver is that the analog part of the this receiver is fixed, i.e. adaption to the statistics of the disturbance is accomplished by processing in the digital domain only (at one sample per symbol). Using the EGPRS air interface as an example, we show that this adaptive receiver performs substantially better than a conventional non-adaptive receiver: (1) cochannel dominated case: 4.0 dB of gain, (2) adjacent-channel dominated case: 3.5 dB of gain, (3) thermal-noise dominated case: 1.2 dB of gain.
Relationship between chest wall and pulmonary compliance and age (1965)

Chest wall and pulmonary compliance were measured in 42 normal males aged 24—78 years. Measurements were made using the static method and the positive-pressure breathing method of Heaf and Prime. Chest wall compliance decreased significantly with age. Pulmonary compliance measured at functional residual capacity was similar in old and young subjects. As lung volume increased pulmonary compliance decreased more in the young than in the old. The latter age difference may result from a loss of lung elastic recoil in the elderly or may be due totally to the age difference in chest wall compliance. The observed age differences in lung compartment volumes can largely be accounted for by the decrease in chest wall compliance. aging; chest wall compliance; lung compliance; static measurement of compliance; positive-pressure measurement of compliance; lung volumes; residual volume Submitted on July 17, 1964
Gamma interferon is the lymphokine and beta interferon the monokine responsible for inhibition of fibroblast collagen production and late but not early fibroblast proliferation. (1985)

Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells activated with concanavalin A (Con A) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) produce, respectively, lymphokines (LK) of 50,000 Mr or monokines (MK) of 20,000 Mr that inhibit the growth and collagen production of cultured human dermal fibroblasts. Because antigenic typing of the antiviral activity of these LK and MK preparations revealed that LK contained mainly gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and MK, primarily IFN-beta, we investigated if any of the fibroblast-inhibiting activities could be attributed to human IFN. Unlike LK and MK, which act within 24 h to inhibit the growth of subconfluent foreskin and adult dermal fibroblasts, samples of purified, natural derived IFN-alpha, -beta, and -gamma and recombinant DNA-derived IFN-alpha 2 and -gamma were ineffective inhibitors at 24 h and required 48-72 h to significantly inhibit growth. However, all IFN did mimic LK/MK action in causing concentration-dependent inhibition of collagen production by confluent fibroblast microcultures. Furthermore, the collagen production-inhibiting activity of Con A-induced LK supernatant and its 50,000 Mr fraction was completely suppressed by 10(3) neutralizing U/ml of either polyclonal or monoclonal antibody to IFN-gamma, while polyclonal antibodies to IFN-alpha and -beta had no effect. Similarly, the collagen production-inhibiting activity of LPS-induced MK supernatant and its 20,000 Mr fraction was suppressed by polyclonal anti-IFN-beta but not by anti-IFN-alpha or -gamma. Anti-IFN failed to reverse early-acting LK or MK growth-inhibiting activities. These data suggest collagen production-inhibiting LK and MK are IFN-gamma and IFN-beta, respectively, and that early acting, growth-inhibiting LK and MK are not IFN.
Determination of CD variance factors of 28nm 1x-metal layer hotspots using experimental and simulated CD contours (2011)

The 28nm technology node is extremely challenging for the production of large chips with very aggressive design rules. For the 1x-Metal layers especially, it has been observed that some design configurations known as hotspots have very limited lithographic process window. They have generally complex bidimensional geometries that make them highly sensitive to any process change and particularly to focus variation or mask error. The first purpose of this study is to present an original methodology to characterize, with good statistics, the hotspots after lithography. The principle is to stack many SEM pictures of the same hotspot, repeated on the wafer, to improve the image signal-to-noise ratio and to average uncontrolled sources of CD variation. With such high quality images it is then possible to extract contours of high accuracy. The second scope of this work is to take advantage of the extracted contours to derive many CD measured preferentially along the hotspot critical sections. The main contributors to CD variation are identified by analyzing the CD of hotspots processed under different experimental conditions like intra-field locations, mask sizing or focus changes.
Improved single-step PCR assay for sex identification post-allogeneic sex-mismatched BMT. (1996)

A method is presented which allows sex-identification simultaneously of both male and female cells in cell mixtures. The sensitivity of this PCR-based assay is one male cell in 10(6) female cells. The test can be used routinely to analyze bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes post-allogeneic sex-mismatched bone marrow transplantation to detect early engraftment or rejection, as well as host cell regeneration.
Individual control of multiple AWGs on a monolithic chip using integrated thin film heaters and sensors (2005)

Localized and independent temperature control of multiple arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) on a monolithic chip using integrated thin film heaters and sensors is demonstrated and applied to integrated PLC devices.
Parentage identification using single nucleotide polymorphism genotypes: Application to product tracing1 (2008)

Identification of relatives using SNP markers has many possible applications. One is as a route to tracing a food product such as a cut of meat back to its source of origin by identifying the parents of the animal from which the product was derived. We develop methods for using SNP markers with maximum likelihood, allowing for the possibility of genotyping errors that would cause false exclusions by simpler methods. We use expectations of likelihood ratios to consider how gene frequencies in the parental populations, numbers of loci, and error rates affect accuracy. This is further quantified as the risk, the probability that an incorrect sire is identified from a panel that contains many other putative sires including its relatives, using a breeding structure relevant to pig breeding. This appears to be a straightforward and potentially effective means of product tracing.
New Compounds. Some New Chalcones (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Compounds. Some New ChalconesCharles K. Bradsher, Frances C. Brown, and Willis B. BlueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 10, 3570Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online28 October 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01178a600https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01178a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Alternative mRNA splicing generates tissue-specific isoforms of 116-kDa polypeptide of vacuolar proton pump. (1994)

The cDNA encoding the 116-kDa polypeptide of the bovine brain vacuolar-type proton translocating ATPases has been cloned and sequenced. One of five clones differed from all others in that it contained an 18-base pair deletion within the coding region, whereas it was identical to the other clones in overlapping coding and noncoding regions, indicating that this heterogeneity arises through an alternative splicing mechanism. By conventional Northern analysis, only one 4.1-kilobase mRNA was identified in bovine brain, heart, kidney, liver, and spleen. However, a polymerase chain reaction-based analysis revealed two species of mRNA with a tissue-specific distribution. Type I, containing the 18-base pair insert, was found in brain, whereas the truncated (Type II) form was found in all tissues examined. Similar tissue distributions of rat mRNA were observed. The deletion site accounting for this variability occurs within a predicted protease sensitivity motif (PEST site), suggesting that differences in the biological half-life of the two 116-kDa isoforms may exist.
Objective method of diagnosing oligohydramnios in postterm pregnancies. (1987)

Oligohydramnios is an important factor influencing the management of postterm pregnancies. However, sonographic assessment of oligohydramnios has been based largely on the subjective judgement of the sonologist. From January 1982 to December 1984, 54 patients had articulated-arm B-scan ultrasound examinations and were identified as postterm. Of these patients, 25 were subjectively diagnosed as having oligohydramnios. Five patients were considered to have low normal amounts of amniotic fluid. The remainder were considered to have normal or greater than normal quantities of amniotic fluid. From this population, an amniotic fluid index was determined for each patient by finding the product of the length, width, and depth of the largest amniotic fluid pocket. Patients with a fluid index less than 60 showed a strong association with the postmaturity syndrome. Indeed, all but one postmature infant was born of a pregnancy with a fluid index less than 60. No other fetal or perinatal complications were statistically correlated with oligohydramnios in this small patient series.
Adjudin protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibition of neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier disruption (2014)

Neuroinflammation mediated by activation of microglia and interruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an important factor that contributes to neuron death and infarct area diffusion in ischemia reperfusion injury. Finding novel molecules to regulate neuroinflammation is of significant clinical value. We have previously shown that adjudin, a small molecule compound known to possess antispermatogenic function, attenuates microglia activation by suppression of the NF-κB pathway. In this study we continued to explore whether adjudin could be neuroprotective by using the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) model. Adjudin treatment after reperfusion significantly decreased the infarction volume and neuroscore compared to the vehicle group. Staining of CD11b showed that adjudin markedly inhibited microglial activation in both the cortex and the striatum, accompanied by a reduction in the expression and release of cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6. Concomitantly, adjudin noticeably prevented BBB disruption after ischemia and reperfusion, as indicated by the reduction of IgG detection in the brain cortex and striatum versus the vehicle group. This finding was also corroborated by immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting of tight junction-related proteins ZO-1, JAM-A and Occludin, where the reduction of these proteins could be attenuated by adjudin treatment. Moreover, adjudin obviously inhibited the elevated MMP-9 activity after stroke. Together these data demonstrate that adjudin protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury, and we present an effective neuroinflammation modulator with clinical potential.
Cryopreservation of Transgenic Mouse Lines (2003)

Cryopreservation will, if used appropriately, lower maintenance costs while creating embryo or germline banks from which transgenic lines can be restored. To maximize the likelihood of restoring a transgenic line, it is best to establish that the gametes or zygotes of that strain do survive cryopreservation before all of the animals have been culled. Furthermore, it is advisable to store more than one type of material (e.g., sperm and embryos) and to ensure that the material is stored under optimal conditions (i.e., at low subzero temperatures) and never partially or wholly thawed, until it is removed for use.
Solar-generator-interfacing with a current-fed superbuck converter implemented by duality-transformation methods (2010)

Utilization of solar energy is one important action to decelerate the observed climate change and to ensure the availability of energy in the future. Reliable solar-energy systems composing of solar arrays and their interfacing converters are of prime importance but known to have certain operational constraints causing reliability problems. The paper investigates a real current-fed converter for the maximum-power-point (MPP) tracking purposes in solar-generator systems. The current-fed converter is implemented from the conventional voltage-fed converter by applying the duality transformation methods. The investigations show clearly that the input-voltage-controlled current-fed converter can operate without constraints in all the regions of solar generator I/U curve but the operation is limited to the voltages lower than the MPP voltage if any output control is used. The theoretical findings are verified with experimental current-fed superbuck converter sourced by a real solar array. Similar information cannot be found from the public literature.
A visual performance debugging system for parallel programs (1996)

This paper describes a visual performance debugging system for parallel programs. The main features of the system are visualization of program execution, modification of processor scheduling using direct manipulation, simulation of execution of the modified program, and automatic modification of the source program. Visualization and direct manipulation enhance ease of operation. Simulation allows a user to find the effect of modified scheduling efficiently. Furthermore, automatic modification of source programs prevents careless mistakes from being made during manual work. These features are based on an internal model, which is constructed by using trace data and promotes efficient visual performance debugging.
InGaAs surface preparation for atomic layer deposition by hydrogen cleaning and improvement with high temperature anneal (2011)

Using in situ atomic scale imaging with scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy, a combination of atomic hydrogen dosing, annealing, and trimethyl aluminum dosing is observed to produce an ordered unpinned passivation layer on an air exposed InGaAs(001)-(4 × 2) surface with only monatomic steps. This shows that conventional gate-last semiconductor processing can be employed to fabricate a variety of electronic devices, even on air exposed compound semiconductors.