gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiroptical Switching Based on Photoinduced Proton Transfer between Homopolymers Bearing Side‐Chain Spiropyran and Azopyridine Moieties (2008)

Abstract A novel optically‐active polymeric methacrylate, bearing the ( S )‐3‐hydroxy pyrrolidinyl group linked through the nitrogen atom to an azopyridine chromophore, was synthesized and investigated in combination with a polymeric methacrylate incorporating the photoisomerizable spiropyran chromophore in the side‐chain. In the presence of acid, this system can be operated in solution to modulate the protonation of the azopyridine moieties by photoisomerizing the spiropyran component. In addition to UV‐vis spectroscopy, the proton transfer process occurring between the macromolecular components can be also followed by CD spectroscopy, thus behaving as a chiroptical switch. magnified image
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of Mouse Connexin-30,a Gap Junction Gene Highly Expressed in Adult Brain and Skin (1996)

A new gap junction gene isolated from the mouse genome codes for a connexin protein of 261 amino acids. Because of its theoretical molecular mass of 30.366 kDa, it is named connexin-30. Within the connexin gene family, this protein is most closely related to connexin-26 (77% amino acid sequence identity). The coding region of mouse connexin-30 is uninterrupted by introns and is detected in the mouse genome as a single copy gene that is assigned to mouse chromosome 14 by analysis of mouse x hamster somatic cell hybrids. Abundant amounts of connexin-30 mRNA (two transcripts of 2.0 and 2.3 kilobase pairs) were found after 4 weeks of postnatal development in mouse brain and skin. Microinjection of connexin-30 cRNA into Xenopus oocytes induced formation of functional gap junction channels that gated somewhat asymmetrically in response to transjunctional voltage and at significantly lower voltage (Vo = +38 and -46 mV) than the closely homologous connexin-26 channels (Vo = 89 mV). Heterotypic pairings of connexin-30 with connexin-26 and connexin-32 produced channels with highly asymmetric and rectifying voltage gating, respectively. This suggests that the polarity of voltage gating and the cationic selectivity of connexin-30 are similar to those of its closest homologue, connexin-26.
Activating adaptive cellular mechanisms of resistance following sublethal cytotoxic chemotherapy: Implications for diagnostic microdosing (2014)

As Phase 0 studies have proven to be reasonably predictive of therapeutic dose pharmacokinetics, the application of microdosing has expanded into metabolism, drug-drug interactions and now diagnostics. One potentially serious issue with this application of microdosing that has not been previously discussed is the possibility of activating cellular mechanisms of drug resistance. Here, we provide an overview of Phase 0 microdosing and drug resistance, with an emphasis on cisplatin resistance, followed by a discussion of the potential for inducing acquired resistance to platinum-based or other types of chemotherapy in cancer patients participating in Phase 0 diagnostic microdosing studies. A number of alternative approaches to diagnostic microdosing, such as the human tumor cloning assay and the use of peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a surrogate for measuring DNA adducts, are discussed that would avoid exposing cancer patients to low doses of first-line chemotherapy and the possible risk of triggering cellular mechanisms of acquired resistance. Until it has been established that diagnostic microdosing in cancer patients poses no risk of acquired drug resistance, such studies should be approached with caution.
[Progress and strategies on bioethanol production from lignocellulose by consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) using Saccharomyces cerevisiae]. (2010)

Ethanol production from lignocelluloses of consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) is a system in which cellulase and hemicellulase production, substrate hydrolysis, and fermentation are combined or partially combined by ethanologen microorganisms that express cellulolytic or hemicellulolytic enzymes or engineering cellulolytic microorganisms with ethanol production properties. Due to its potential for significant cost reduction, CBP is receiving more and more attention. In this review article, we discuss the factors that influence the expression level of cellulases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and updated progress in bioethanol production from lignocellulose by the CBP strategy using the yeast species.
X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein Inhibits Apoptosis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells with Acquired Resistance to an ErbB1/2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (2010)

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer that is often characterized by ErbB2 overexpression. ErbB2 targeting is clinically relevant using trastuzumab (anti-ErbB2 antibody) and lapatinib (small-molecule ErbB1/2 inhibitor). However, acquired resistance is a common outcome even in IBC patients who show an initial clinical response, which limits the efficacy of these agents. In the present study, using a clonal population of GW583340 (lapatinib analogue, ErbB1/2 inhibitor)-resistant IBC cells, we identified the overexpression of an antiapoptotic protein, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP), in acquired resistance to GW583340 in both ErbB2-overexpressing SUM190 and ErbB1-activated SUM149 cell lines derived from primary IBC tumors. A marked decrease in p-ErbB2, p-ErbB1, and downstream signaling was evident in the GW583340-resistant cells (rSUM190 and rSUM149) similar to parental counterparts treated with the drug, suggesting that the primary mechanism of action of GW583340 was not compromised in resistant cells. However, rSUM190 and rSUM149 cells growing in GW583340 had significant XIAP overexpression and resistance to GW583340-mediated apoptosis. Additionally, stable XIAP overexpression using a lentiviral system reversed sensitivity to GW583340 in parental cells. The observed overexpression was identified to be caused by IRES-mediated XIAP translation. XIAP downregulation in rSUM190 and rSUM149 cells using a small-molecule inhibitor (embelin), which abrogates the XIAP/procaspase-9 interaction, resulted in decreased viability, showing that XIAP is required for survival of cells with acquired resistance to GW583340. These studies establish the feasibility of development of an XIAP inhibitor that potentiates apoptosis for use in IBC patients with resistance to ErbB2-targeting agents.
Community-Enhanced De-anonymization of Online Social Networks (2014)

Online social network providers have become treasure troves of information for marketers and researchers. To profit from their data while honoring the privacy of their customers, social networking services share `anonymized' social network datasets, where, for example, identities of users are removed from the social network graph. However, by using external information such as a reference social graph (from the same network or another network with similar users), researchers have shown how such datasets can be de-anonymized. These approaches use `network alignment' techniques to map nodes from the reference graph into the anonymized graph and are often sensitive to larger network sizes, the number of seeds, and noise --- which may be added to preserve privacy. We propose a divide-and-conquer approach to strengthen the power of such algorithms. Our approach partitions the networks into `communities' and performs a two-stage mapping: first at the community level, and then for the entire network. Through extensive simulation on real-world social network datasets, we show how such community-aware network alignment improves de-anonymization performance under high levels of noise, large network sizes, and a low number of seeds. Even when nodes cannot be explicitly mapped, the community structure can be mapped between both networks, thus reducing the anonymity of users. For example, for our (real-world) Twitter dataset with 90,000 nodes, 20% noise, and 16 seeds, the state-of-the-art technique reduces anonymity by 0 bits, whereas our approach reduces anonymity by 9.71 bits (with 40% of nodes mapped).
Bandwidth scalable speech coding and rate switching (2002)

Bit rate scalability in speech coders can be used to achieve SNR scalable speech coding or bandwidth scalable coding of speech and audio. While SNR scalability has been studied theoretically and practically, the fundamental limits of bandwidth scalability have received substantially less attention. We utilize classical rate distortion theory subject to a weighted squared error fidelity criterion to analyze the performance of subband structured bandwidth scalable coders. We propose the application of bandwidth scalable speech coding for rate switching in wireless environments and develop a bandwidth scalable coder that builds upon narrowband adaptive multirate speech coders. The bandwidth scalable coders exhibit performance competitive with wideband speech coders at the same rates.
Limits of the Revolution (2015)

In January 2011, while I was writing my thesis, I visited Havana. On the day I arrived my friends took me to the movies to see "Casa Vieja" (Old House), Lester Hamlet's first film, produced by the Instituto Cubano del Arte e Industria Cienematográficos (ICAIC—Cuban Institute of Art and Cinematographic Industry). The script was adapted from an old theatre piece by Abelardo Estorino written in the 1960s. The film tells the story of a young man that comes back from Spain after 14 years to see his dying father. During his trip he is faced with the everyday difficulties of living in Cuba, and his thoughts and attitudes clash with those of his family. Set in an old house on a costal town—a reminder of Cuba's insularity—the film touched on the typical tensions plaguing Cuban families: shortages, crammed living conditions, the clash between official discourse and private life, intergenerational conflicts, the damage of rigid ideological positions, and (a baggage from the original piece) homosexuality. The film was awarded the popularity prize at the 32 International Festival for New Latin American Cinema. Early in 2011 Raúl Castro had still not passed the new laws relaxing migration, and emigration was at the forefront of all political discussions among young Cubans. The film reflected accurately the aura of impending change that loomed over Havana.KeywordsAsylum SeekerNational ProjectNational SovereigntyIllegal MigrationHard CurrencyThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Somatic Nucleus Reprogramming Is Significantly Improved by m-Carboxycinnamic Acid Bishydroxamide, a Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (2010)

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) has shown tremendous potential for understanding the mechanisms of reprogramming and creating applications in the realms of agriculture, therapeutics, and regenerative medicine, although the efficiency of reprogramming is still low. Somatic nucleus reprogramming is triggered in the short time after transfer into recipient cytoplasm, and therefore, this period is regarded as a key stage for optimizing SCNT. Here we report that CBHA, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, modifies the acetylation status of somatic nuclei and increases the developmental potential of mouse cloned embryos to reach pre- and post-implantation stages. Furthermore, the cloned embryos treated by CBHA displayed higher efficiency in the derivation of nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell lines by promoting outgrowths. More importantly, CBHA increased blastocyst quality compared with trichostatin A, another prevalent histone deacetylase inhibitor reported previously. Use of CBHA should improve the productivity of SCNT for a variety of research and clinical applications, and comparisons of cells with different levels of pluripotency and treated with CBHA versus trichostatin A will facilitate studies of the mechanisms of reprogramming.
Double Helix Formation of Oligoresorcinols in Water: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects (2009)

We previously reported that the oligoresorcinols formed double-stranded helices in neutral water through interstrand aromatic interactions. In the present study, we synthesized a new series of oligomers from the 2mer to the 15mer to explore the thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of the double helix formation of the oligoresorcinols in water. The double helix formation was dependent on the chain length of the oligomers and significantly affected by solvent, pH, salt, and temperature. The free energy change (-DeltaG) for the double helix formation linearly increased with the chain length from the 4mer to the 11mer (DeltaDeltaG = -0.94 kcal mol(-1) unit(-1)), whereas it did not change for the oligomers longer than the 11mer. The van't Hoff analysis of the 9mer revealed that the double helix formation was an enthalpically driven process (DeltaH = -27 +/- 1.5 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaS = -70 +/- 5 cal mol(-1) K(-1)), which was consistent with the upfield shifts in the (1)H NMR spectra and the hypochromicity of the absorption spectra as a result of the interstrand aromatic interactions in water. Furthermore, the kinetic analysis of the chain exchange reaction between the double helices of the optically active and optically inactive 11mers revealed a small DeltaS(double dagger), suggesting that the chain exchange proceeds not via the dissociation-association pathway, but via the direct exchange pathway.
Interactive stereoscopic displays (2013)

Abstract Interactive stereo displays allow for the existence of a natural interaction between the user and the stereo images depicted on the display. In the type of display discussed here, this interaction takes the form of tracking the user's head and hand/arm position. Sensing the user's head position allows for the creation of motion parallax information, an immersive depth cue that can be added to the binocular parallax already present in the display. Sensing the user's hand or arm position allows the user to manipulate the spatial attributes of virtual objects and scenes presented on the display, which can enhance spatial reasoning. Moreover, allowing the user to manipulate virtual objects may permit the creation of a sense of spatial relations among elements in the display via proprioception, which may augment the two parallax cues. The congruence among binocular parallax, motion parallax, and proprioception should increase the sense of depth in the display and increase viewing comfort, as well as enhance the ability of our intuitive reasoning system to make reasoned sense out of the perceptual information. These advantages should make interactive stereo displays, which may be classified as a form of cognitive enhancement display , the display of choice in the future.
Living Polymerization of Propene and 1-Hexene with the [<i>t</i>-BuNSiMe<sub>2</sub>Flu]TiMe<sub>2</sub>/B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> Catalyst (1998)

Polymerization of propene was conducted by [t-BuNSiMe2Flu]TiMe2-based catalysts at −50 °C in the presence of trioctylaluminum. When B(C6F5)3 was used as a cocatalyst, polymer yield monotonically increased with increasing polymerization time. The polypropene obtained showed narrow molecular weight distribution, and the number average molecular weight of the polymer linearly increased against the polymer yield. In addition, the number of polymer chains, which was approximately a half the number of Ti used, was almost constant during the polymerization. The living nature of the [t-BuNSiMe2Flu]TiMe2 catalyst depended on polymerization temperature and cocatalyst. Deactivation occurred at 0 °C or even at −50 °C when Ph3CB(C6F5)4 was used in place of B(C6F5)3. 13C NMR analysis of the polymer indicated that the living polymerization proceeded highly regiospecifically via 1,2-insertion to give syndiotactic-rich polymer. Polymerization of 1-hexene with [t-BuNSiMe2Flu]TiMe2/B(C6F5)3 also proceeded in a living manner at −50 °C, and highly regioregular and syndiotactic-rich polymer was obtained.
Alonzo C. Davis, 1901–1942 (1942)

Alonzo C. Davis, 1901–1942 Get access C. A. Weigel, C. A. Weigel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. J. Bottmer L. J. Bottmer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 35, Issue 2, 1 April 1942, Page 294, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/35.2.294 Published: 01 April 1942
Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases (1996)

article Free Access Share on Data mining and knowledge discovery in databases Authors: Usama Fayyad Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Ramasamy Uthurusamy General Motors Corp. General Motors Corp.View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 39Issue 11Nov. 1996 pp 24–26https://doi.org/10.1145/240455.240463Online:01 November 1996Publication History 409citation3,548DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations409Total Downloads3,548Last 12 Months76Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Essential Role for Smad3 in Regulating MCP-1 Expression and Vascular Inflammation (2004)

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta(1) is a pleiotropic growth factor with known inhibitory effects on immune cell activation. However, the specific mechanism(s) and in vivo significance of the effectors of TGF-beta(1) modulation in the context of vascular inflammation are not well characterized. The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 is critical for the recruitment of macrophages in inflammatory disease states. In this study, we provide definitive evidence that the ability of TGF-beta(1) to inhibit MCP-1 expression is mediated via its effector Smad3. Adenoviral overexpression of Smad3 potently repressed inducible expression of endogenous MCP-1. Conversely, TGF-beta(1) inhibition of cytokine-mediated induction of MCP-1 expression was completely blocked in Smad3-deficient macrophages. Consistent with this impaired response, cardiac allografts in Smad3-deficient mice developed accelerated intimal hyperplasia with increased infiltration of adventitial macrophages expressing MCP-1. Previous studies show that MCP-1 inducibility is regulated by an AP-1 complex composed of c-Jun/c-Fos heterodimers. We demonstrate that the inhibitory effect of Smad3 occurs via a novel antagonistic effect of Smad3 on AP-1 DNA-protein binding and activity. Thus, Smad3 plays an essential role in modulating vascular inflammation characteristic of transplant-associated arteriopathy, is important in regulating MCP-1 expression, and plays a critical role in the ability of TGF-beta(1) to repress stimuli from a major inflammatory signaling pathway.
Preparations of homeostatic thymus hormone consist predominantly of histones 2A and 2B and suggest additional histone functions. (1985)

The two major constituents in preparations of the homeostatic thymus hormone (HTH) were purified. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that the components (HTH alpha and HTH beta) are identical to histones H2A and H2B, suggesting the possibility that histones might have hitherto unrecognized occurrence and functions. If the HTH activities are not ascribed to the two histones in the preparation, they could only be derived from minor constituents present in minimal amounts. Therefore, the histone structures were scrutinized for properties of relevance in relation to hormone activities and for similarities with thymic hormones. Similarities between COOH-terminal regions of histones H2A, H2B, and H3 were noticed, as well as some similarities between NH2-terminal regions of histones and parts of recognized thymus hormones and related proteins. Potential signals, resembling cleavage sites in prohormones, are present in the histone structures, and further correlations with recently discovered ubiquitin functions may explain molecular mechanisms for actions of the HTH preparations. None of the observations is significant by itself, but the combined results suggest the hypothesis of different relationships and functions, including hormone-like activities, for some histones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of Amino Acids (Esters) with Aryl Bromides and Chlorides. (2012)

Abstract A general and useful catalytic system allows the coupling of amino acids and esters with inactive aryl halides under mild conditions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cardanol Based Benzoxazines (2009)

International audience
Glutamate Mechanisms Underlying Opiate Memories (2012)

As the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain, glutamate plays an undisputable integral role in opiate addiction. This relates, in part, to the fact that addiction is a disorder of learning and memory, and glutamate is required for most types of memory formation. As opiate addiction develops, the addict becomes conditioned to engage in addictive behaviors, and these behaviors can be triggered by opiate-associated cues during abstinence, resulting in relapse. Some medications for opiate addiction exert their therapeutic effects at glutamate receptors, especially the NMDA receptor. Understanding the neural circuits controlling opiate addiction, and the locus of glutamate's actions within these circuits, will help guide the development of targeted pharmacotherapeutics for relapse.
TUTORIAL: Status of nanoimprint lithography and device applications (2005)

Based on mechanical replication, nanoimprint lithography is an emerging technology that can achieve lithographic resolutions beyond the limitations set by light diffractions or beam scatterings in conventional lithographic techniques, while promising high-throughput patterning. This tutorial paper reviews the status and some of the recent progress in the commercial applications of this technology.
Oral application of insulin encapsulated liposomes. (1988)

125Iodine labelled insulin encapsulated liposomes were introduced orally to rats. After different intervals of feeding, blood from the portal vein and heart was collected. The plasma was passed through a Sepharose 2B column to establish the presence of liposomes or intact hormone. Liposomal and hormonal fractions from the column loaded with plasma from the portal vain contained radioactivity. It was found that approx. 60% of the loaded radioactivity was associated with the liposomes whereas 20% of the loaded count was found with the hormonal fractions. It is noted that undegraded protein is not detected in portal plasma from rats fed with free insulin. When plasma from the heart of rats fed with liposomal insulin was passed through Sepharose 2B column, neither liposomes nor insulin was detected.
Decreased STAT1 Expression by Promoter Methylation in Squamous Cell Carcinogenesis (2006)

STAT1 can function as a tumor suppressor in SCCHN cells. Silencing of the STAT1 gene via promoter methylation may contribute to SCCHN tumor cell growth.
Morphological Effects of Gas Compression on the Cortical Vitreous (1986)

We used scanning electron microscopy to study vitreous in normal and perfluorocarbon gas-treated eyes of cynomolgus monkeys. The cortical vitreous of the normal (control) eye appeared to be a lamellar structure composed of sheets of collagen mesh. In the gas-treated eye there was shrinking and tearing of the lamellae. At six and 12 weeks after gas injection there was membrane formation at the edges of the torn lamellae.