gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPS Positioning in the Fast Track: Track Model Constraint Enhancement for OEM4 (2001)

Sports entertainment requires that instantaneous and continuous measures of the performance of the participants are available to the television audience. In an auto racing environment this includes the relative positions, velocity and diagnostics for the vehicles in the race. Some of the information can be alphanumeric, but a graphical representation gives much more impact to the viewer, and in many cases this is the preferred method of information transfer. This paper discusses a particular application in which position, velocity and vehicle diagnostics are collected from race cars in NASCAR races and transformed so that information can be integrated graphically with the video stream from the cameras at the race and presented to the television viewers when appropriate. Fundamental to the production of graphical information overlays is a set of accurate positions for all the vehicles in the race. In a NASCAR race, there are 43 vehicles, and all of these must be positioned accurately. Accurate relative positions can easily be computed with differential GPS measurements, provided a sufficient number of measurements together giving sufficient geometrical strength are available. Unfortunately, neither of these prerequisites exist at a NASCAR racetrack. So in order to provide continuous and accurate position information, some kind of supplementary measurement is required in addition to GPS. The incorporation of a digital model of the race track into the GPS receiver on every vehicle gives enough additional geometrical strength so that with GPS observations, the accuracy and continuity requirements of the application are satisfied. Once sufficiently accurate position information for all the cars is generated, this has to be transferred to a central location where it is used to generate positions for the vehicles captured in the various video frames. This is transformed to screen co-ordinates so screen graphics can be generated for those vehicles. These graphics are overlaid onto the video images generated by the cameras at the race. In order to do all these tasks in real time, sophisticated telemetry, time synchronization and integration subsystems have had to be designed in addition to the custom GPS receiver software used to generate the vehicle positions in first place. This paper will describe the various subsystems and their integration with particular emphasis on the effect of the track model constraints used to aid the GPS positioning. The methodology for integration of the track model constraints into both the pseudo range and Real Time Kinematic (RTK) filters will be described as well as the method used to transform the “real world” vehicle positions into co-ordinates in the video screen frame. Test results will be provided.
Platinum/graphene functionalized by PDDA as a novel enzyme carrier for hydrogen peroxide biosensor (2012)

In this work, we fabricated platinum nanoparticles/graphene nanohybrids (Pt/G) via in situ reduction of PtCl62− in the presence of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)-modified G, and used them as a support for the immobilization of horseradish peroxidase to construct a biosensor (HRP/Pt/G/glassy carbon (GC)) for H2O2. Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), a positively charged polyelectrolyte, created a net positive charge on the carbon atoms in the all-carbon graphene plane via intermolecular charge transfer. Then the resultant positively charged PDDA-modified G was used for sequential self-assembly with negatively charged PtCl62− which could be reduced in situ. The Pt/G hybrid provides an effective atmosphere for maintaining the bioactivity of HRP, and also acts as a bridge for the transfer of electrons between the active center of HRP and the electrode surface, thereby resulting in a more rapid transmission of electrons. The HRP/Pt/G/GC showed high sensitivity and fast response for electrocatalytic reduction towards H2O2, revealing that Pt/G effectively reinforced the immobilization of HRP and enhanced the utilization of HRP. The linear range for H2O2 was estimated to be from 3.0 × 10−6 mol L−1 to 5.2 × 10−3 mol L−1 with a detection limit of 5.0 × 10−9 mol L−1. Moreover, the biosensor exhibited good reproducibility and long-term stability.
The main problems of food allergic consumers concerning food labeling: an ethnographic study (2006)

It has been estimated that 5-8% of children and 1-2% of the adults in developed countries are affected by food allergy, with symptoms ranging from discomfort to fatality. At present, avoidance of problematic foods is the only effective treatment strategy. As of November 25 th , 2005 food manufacturers in the EU are obliged to list 12 potentially allergic ingredients in food. Although the label is still not always fully understood by the consumer, or they get confused by precautionary labelling practices. This paper aims to gain insights into the information preferences of food allergic consumers regarding existing food labelling and additional information delivery systems. The results of this study will facilitate the development of best practices in information provision regarding food safety in the area of food allergy. In particular the research will elicit preferences for new ICT approaches to information delivery which can be focused on the individual needs of consumers. We argue that improved information supply will contribute to the quality of life of food allergic people.
Average Grain Size in Polycrystalline Ceramics (1969)

A model is proposed which realistically characterizes the grain structure of polycrystalline ceramics. The average grain size of a log‐normal distribution of grain sizes with tetrakaidecahedral (truncated octahedral) shape is related to the average intercept size by a proportionality constant. This result can be used to determine the average grain size of a sintered powder compact composed of nontextured grains which shows no discontinuous grain growth.
Compact Optical Isolator (1971)

This paper describes a compact Faraday rotation isolator using terbium aluminum garnet (TAG) as the Faraday rotation material and small high field permanent magnets made of copper-rare earth alloys. The nominal isolation is 26 dB with a 0.4-dB forward loss. The present isolator can be adjusted to provide effective isolation from 4880 A to 5145 A. Details of the design, fabrication, and performance of the isolator are presented.
Nanocrystalline Scandia Powders Via Oxalate Precipitation: The Effects of Solvent and Solution pH (2008)

Nanocrystalline Sc 2 O 3 was synthesized via precipitation with scandium nitrate as the scandium source and oxalic acid as the precipitant, with investigations into the influences of solution pH and solvent type on powder properties. Three types of scandium precursors (normal oxalate, double oxalate, and oxyhydroxide) have been obtained from aqueous media by adjusting pH of the precipitant solution with ammonia water. All the precursors, however, yield severely aggregated Sc 2 O 3 powders of low surface areas. Replacing water with pure ethanol as the solvent was shown to be able to yield Sc 2 O 3 nanopowders of high specific surface area (35.7 m 2 /g) and good dispersion. The mechanisms of solution pH and solvent type on precursor properties were also discussed.
Changes in kinematics and arm–leg coordination during a 100-m breaststroke swim (2016)

The purpose of this study was to compare arm-leg coordination and kinematics during 100 m breaststroke in 26 (8 female; 18 male) specialist breaststroke swimmers. Laps were recorded using three 50-Hz underwater cameras. Heart rate and blood lactate were measured pre- and post-swim. Arm-leg coordination was defined using coordination phases describing continuity between recovery and propulsive phases of upper and lower limbs: coordination phase 1 (time between end of leg kick and start of the arm pull phases); and coordination phase 2 (time between end of arm pull and start of leg kick phases). Duration of stroke phases, coordination phases, swim velocity, stroke length (SL), stroke rate (SR) and stroke index (SI) were analysed during the last three strokes of each lap that were unaffected by turning or finishing. Significant changes in velocity, SI and SL (P < 0.05) were found between laps. Both sexes showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in heart rate and blood lactate pre- to post-swim. Males had significantly (P < 0.01) faster swim velocities resulting from longer SLs (P = 0.016) with no difference in SR (P = 0.064). Sex differences in kinematic parameters can be explained by anthropometric differences providing males with increased propelling efficiency.
Effect of twin birth calvings on milk production, reproductive performance, and survival of lactating cows (2007)

Twin birth was associated with decreased survival, milk production, and reproductive performance. Having at least 1 dead twin was even more detrimental than having live twins and resulted in decreased milk production and reproductive performance of lactating cows.
Evaluation of Aluminum Sulfate for Phosphorus Control in Eutrophic Lakes (1979)

(print) iv, 51 p. : graphs, maps ; 28 cm.
A new LiCoPO4 polymorph via low temperature synthesis (2013)

Non-olivine LiCoPO4 microcrystals have been synthesized at low temperatures by microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis. The resulting octahedra-like micrometer-sized crystals exhibit a Pn21a symmetry and are isostructural to LiZnPO4. The orthorhombic lattice constants are a = 10.023(8) Å, b = 6.724(7) Å, and c = 4.963(4) Å. The microcrystals are metastable and transform to olivine LiCoPO4 upon heating above T ≈ 220 °C under an argon atmosphere. The magnetic properties confirm a phase pure material with a Co-valence of 2+, and imply long-range antiferromagnetic ordering below TN = 11 K. Electrochemical analysis by means of cyclic voltammetry displays a reversible redox couple at around 5.1 V/4.8 V vs. Li/Li+.
Three-Dimensional Carbon Nanotube Scaffolds as Particulate Filters and Catalyst Support Membranes (2010)

Three-dimensional carbon nanotube scaffolds created using micromachined Si/SiO2 templates are used as nanoparticulate filters and support membranes for gas-phase heterogeneous catalysis. The filtering efficiency of better than 99% is shown for the scaffolds in filtering submicrometer particles from air. In the hydrogenation of propene to propane reaction low activation energy of E(a) approximately 27.8 +/- 0.6 kJ x mol(-1), a considerably high turnover rate of approximately 1.1 molecules x Pd site(-1) x s(-1) and durable activity for the reaction are observed with Pd decorated membranes. It is demonstrated that appropriate engineering of macroscopic-ordered nanotube architectures can lead to multifunctional applications.
Two-Octave-Wide UV-VIS Raman Spectra Generated in Hollow-Core PCF Filled with Gas Mixtures (2016)

A ro-vibrational Raman comb spanning 280 to 1000 nm is generated in a H2/D2-filled anti-resonant-guiding kagomé hollow-core PCF pumped at 532 nm. Addition of xenon produces a dense cluster of >150 side-bands in the visible.
Chitosan as Tear Substitute: A Wetting Agent Endowed with Antimicrobial Efficacy (2000)

A cationic biopolymer, chitosan, is proposed for use in artificial tear formulations. It is endowed with good wetting properties as well as an antibacterial effect that are desirable in cases of dry eye, which is often complicated by secondary infections. Solutions containing 0.5% w/v of a low molecular weight (M(w)) chitosan (160 kDa) were assessed for antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and S. aureus by using the usual broth-dilution technique. The in vitro evaluation showed that concentrations of chitosan as low as 0.0375% still exert a bacteriostatic effect against E. coli. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of chitosan were calculated to be as low as 0.375 mg/ml for E. coli and 0.15 mg/ml for S. aureus. Gamma scintigraphic studies demonstrated that chitosan formulations remain on the precorneal surface as long as commonly used commercial artificial tears (Protagent collyrium and Protagent-SE unit-dose) having a 5-fold higher viscosity.
Troy binding to lymphotoxin-α activates NF&kappa;B mediated transcription (2008)

Troy is a TNFR superfamily member that is highly expressed in developing hair follicles. Its possible function and ligand in skin have, however, been unknown. Here we demonstrate that an immunomodulatory cytokine, lymphotoxin-alpha (LTalpha), is a functional ligand of Troy by 3 biochemical approaches: (1) Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that LTalpha, but not LTbeta or any obligate combination of LTalpha and LTbeta, binds to Troy. (2) Co-transfection of LTalpha with Troy sharply upregulated NFkappaB reporter transcription, whereas LTbeta or a combination of LTalpha and LTbeta did not. (3) Recombinant LTalpha protein upregulated NFkappaB activity through Troy in a dosedependent manner. We further found that LTalpha is expressed in dermal papillae of developing hair follicles, whereas Troy was expressed in adjacent matrix region. This suggested involvement of LTalpha-Troy signaling in mesenchyme-epithelium interactions during hair follicle development. However, in Troy mutant mice that we generated, hair subtype composition and morphology were altered slightly if at all. The present study thus suggested a subtle function of the newly identified LTalpha-Troy pathway in skin appendage development, however, it may have an additional action compensated by a parallel EDA signaling pathway.
Influence of Contact Lens Material Surface Characteristics and Replacement Frequency on Protein and Lipid Deposition (1998)

The aim of the study was to quantify the influence of both contact lens material and replacement frequency on protein and lipid deposition. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) both protein and lipid interaction with contact lenses are material-dependent, and (2) the key factors are the material ionicity for the protein deposition and the material chemical composition for the lipid deposition. Three high water content contact lens materials were tested: netrafilcon A (FDA group II, Gentle Touch), etafilcon A (FDA group IV, Acuvue), and vifilcon A (FDA group IV, Focus). Contact lens spoilation was analyzed using ultraviolet spectroscopy and fluorescence spectrophotometry. The results showed that (1) significantly more proteins were deposited on the ionic materials than on the nonionic materials, and that among the ionic materials, the higher the ionicity, the higher the level of protein deposition; (2) there were significantly more surface proteins on the ionic materials after 3 months than after 1 month of wear, but no difference over time was demonstrated for the nonionic materials; and (3) significantly more lipids were deposited onto the surface of vifilcon A than etafilcon A or netrafilcon A, and the presence of vinylpyrrolidone in the vifilcon A formulation was thought to be the cause of increased deposition. The protein and lipid interactions with contact lenses were found to be material- and time-dependent. Protein attraction was found to be related to the material ionicity. The presence of vinylpyrrolidone was a key factor in the attraction of lipids.
A floating point co-processor for real-time fault detection and isolation in electronically controlled IC engines (1991)

In recent years there has been a significant growth in the need for sophisticated diagnostic procedures in electronically controlled vehicle subsystems. The authors introduce an architecture for a floating-point state estimator, designed specifically to interact as a co-processor with the onboard fault detection and isolation (FDI) controller. The processor considers the structure of model-based failure detection algorithms and the need for simulating the dynamics of vehicle subsystems in order to monitor their performance, and processes the information provided by onboard FDI controller to diagnose sensor or actuator malfunctions.
Lactate Kinetics and Individual Anaerobic Threshold* (1981)

Exercise with stepwise increasing work loads until exhaustion leads to a curvilinear increase of lactate in blood and typical lactate kinetics in the post-exercise period. Lactate kinetics in blood during exercise and recovery results from diffusion along gradients between muscle and blood and simultaneous elimination. Therefore, a general diffusion-elimination model is presented from which maximal rate of elimination (Em), individual anaerobic threshold (IAT), gradient between muscle and blood (deltaC-deltaCEm), muscle volume working above the IAT (Vm), individual membrane constant (Mc), quantity of lactate accounting for lactate gradient (Agrad), and whole body lactate (Anet) can be obtained. For demonstration purpose, this model was applied to a highly trained athlete. In this example, all constants and variables mentioned above as well as an equation reflecting individual lactate kinetics were calculated. Furthermore, the IAT was determined in 61 athletes participating in different events. In general, it can be demonstrated that with increasing aerobic capacity the lactate concentration at the IAT decreases. The lactate concentration at the IAT varies interindividually within broad limits, thus emphasizing the need for individual assessment.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Cocaine C-1 Analogues using Sulfinimines (<i>N</i>-Sulfinyl Imines) (2012)

The first examples of cocaine analogues having substituents (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-pentyl, and phenyl) at the C-1 position of the cocaine tropane skeleton were prepared by heating sulfinimine-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrrolidine nitrones. In the presence of the Lewis acid Al(O(t)Bu)(3) the nitrones undergo an intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines that were transformed in three steps to the cocaine analogues. In the absence of the Lewis acid, lactams were formed resulting from rearrangement of the nitrone to an oxaziridine. A novel Pd- and base-promoted rearrangement of methanesulfonate salts of isoxazolidine to bridge bicyclic[4.2.1]isoxazolidines was discovered.
Inflatable Rigidizable Solar Array for Small Satellites (2003)

With today’s high launch costs, and tightening launch opportunities, low mass, cost, and packaged volume can determine the mission feasibility. L’Garde has developed the Inflatable Torus Solar Array Technology (ITSAT) to supply power to the growing fleet of small satellites in the 1kW class making forays into the space market. The ITSAT configuration with low mass and stowage volume and the inherent reliability of inflatably deployed structures is an excellent solution for these low power applications. The ITSAT is able to provide power densities more typical of a much larger system, despite its small scale.
Expression of the B7.1 Costimulatory Molecule on Pancreatic β Cells Abrogates the Requirement for CD4 T Cells in the Development of Type 1 Diabetes (2004)

Although HLA-DQ8 has been implicated as a key determinant of genetic susceptibility to human type 1 diabetes, spontaneous diabetes has been observed in HLA-DQ8 transgenic mice that lack expression of murine MHC class II molecules (mII(-/-)) only when the potent costimulatory molecule, B7.1, is transgenically expressed on pancreatic beta cells. To study the contribution of HLA-DQ8 to the development of diabetes in this model, we crossed RIP-B7.1mII(-/-) mice with a set of transgenic mouse lines that differed in their HLA-DQ8 expression patterns on APC subpopulations, in particular dendritic cells and cortical thymic epithelial cells. Surprisingly, we found that even in the absence of HLA-DQ8 and CD4 T cells, a substantial fraction of the RIP-B7.1mII(-/-) mice developed diabetes. This disease process was remarkable for not only showing insulitis, but also inflammatory destruction of the exocrine pancreas with diffusely up-regulated expression of MHC class I and ICAM-1 molecules. Expression of HLA-DQ8 markedly increased the kinetics and frequency of diabetes, with the most severe disease in the lines with the highest levels of HLA-DQ8 on cortical thymic epithelial cells and the largest numbers of CD4 T cells. However, the adoptive transfer of diabetes was not HLA-DQ8-dependent and disease could be rapidly induced with purified CD8 T cells alone. Expression of B7.1 in the target tissue can thus dramatically alter the cellular and molecular requirements for the development of autoimmunity.
Sudden Cardiac Death in Calves with Experimental Heavy Infection of Strongyloides papillosus. (1992)

For obtaining the preliminary data on the pathogenesis of sudden death in calves naturally heavily infected with Strongyloides papillosus, we monitored 8 Holstein calves experimentally infected with the larvae on electrocardiographic and pneumographic changes. Six calves died suddenly on days 11 to 17 after infection. Sinus tachycardia had been recorded continuously since 1 to 6 days before death. Heart rates increased gradually until death. Since 1 or 2 days before death, various patterns of tachyarrhythmia and bradyarrhythmia had been observed among patterns of sinus tachycardia. Arrhythmias included serious ventricular premature beat, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, complete atrioventricular block and so on. The terminal pattern observed suddenly in all of the cases was ventricular arrhythmias consisting of serial ventricular tachycardia, flutter and fibrillation, which were followed by respiratory arrest. Abnormal pneumograms were not obtained before the terminal ventricular fibrillation. Two of 8 calves recovered from the infection, only one of which showed sinus arrest and the second degree of atrioventricular block transiently. We concluded that calves heavily infected with the larvae died due to sudden cardiac arrest.
Chemical Developments in Textiles in 1946 (1947)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTChemical Developments in Textiles in 1946MILTON HARRIS and LOUISE L. COXView Author Information Milton Harris Associates, 1246 Taylor St., N. W., Washington D C.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1947, 25, 2, 96–97Publication Date (Print):January 13, 1947Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 13 January 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v025n002.p096https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v025n002.p096newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1947 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
REVERSIBLE ALTERATIONS IN THE PERMEABILITY OF POLYMERS TO GASES CAUSED BY GAMMA RAYS (1960)

Radioinduced reversible changes in the penetrability of polymers to gases were studied for gamma doses up to 700 rad/sec. Measurements of helium and xenon penetration through polyethylene and polytetrafluoroethylene at various dosages are tabulated. The penetrability constants were calculated by Fick's equation for constant flow. The diffusion of helium (t = 17 deg C) at 300 rad/ sec is accelerated three fold and at 730 rad/sec (t = 10 deg C) it is about ten fold. (R.V.J.)