gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Cinnamon on Glucose and Lipid Levels in Non–Insulin-Dependent Type 2 Diabetes (2007)

Interest in cinnamon as a potentially useful treatment for type 2 diabetes began with the discovery almost 20 years ago of cinnamon's insulin-sensitizing properties (1). Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have elucidated cinnamon's effect on insulin signal transduction (2–6). A study in diabetic mice showed that cinnamon lowered blood glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels while raising HDL cholesterol levels (7).

The first clinical trial to evaluate the effect of cinnamon in individuals with type 2 diabetes was conducted in Pakistan (8). It showed that cinnamon powder ( Cinnamomum cassia ), taken over a 40-day period, reduced mean fasting serum glucose (18–29%), triglyceride (23–30%), LDL cholesterol (7–27%), and total cholesterol (12–26%) levels. Three different doses of cinnamon were administered: 1, 3, and 6 g daily. All were equally effective. These findings led to widespread cinnamon use, although no study had yet evaluated the effects of cinnamon in Western diabetic populations with likely differences in diet, BMI, baseline glucose levels, and prescribed medication. We report the first U.S. study examining the effects of cinnamon on glucose and lipid levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Participants were recruited through e-mail announcements to campus employees and through an article in the local newspaper. Individuals of any age with type 2 diabetes, based on criteria …
Data Structures via C++: Objects by Evolution (1997)

1. Software Engineering and Computer Programming Software Engineering and Computer Science The Software Life-Cycle Why C++? 2. Designing Software: Two Approaches Why Design? Top-Down Design The Object Alternative Which method is Better, TDD or OOD? 3. Software Reliability Riss of Faulty Software Testing Applying Program Correctness Techniques 4. Abstract Data Types, Classes and Objects Problem: Computing with Time Describing Data Types ADT Implementation and Code Reuse Information Hiding, Encapsulation, and Views Creating Encapsulated ADT's Using the C++ Class Using Standard C++ Class Libraries ADT's, Objects, and Object-Oriented Programming 5. Efficiency Selecting Good Algorithms The Many Faces of Program Efficiency Algorithms for Searching Analysis of some Simple Sorting Algorithms 6. Recursion Solving Problems with Recursion Recursive Definitions Applying Recursion to Sorting and Searching Problems How is Recursion implemented? 7. Lists Problem: A Membership Management Program The List ADT Implementing Lists The Inorder List ADT Variations on a Linked List A Dynamic Linear List The Membership Management Program Revisited 8. Stacks Problem: Robot Navigation The Stack ADT Implementing the Stack 1: Array Creating Generic Classes with Templates Implementing the Stack 2: Dynamic List Applications of the Stack ADT The Robot Navigation Problem Solved 9. Queue Problem: Computer Network Performance The Queue ADT Implementing a Queue 1: Array Implementing a Queue 2: Dynamic List Simulation: modelling a computer network 10. Tables A Data Structure to Support Retrieval by Key Implementing a Table Hash Tables for Fast Retrieval Using Tables 11. Trees Introducing Trees Building a Binary Tree Tree Traversal Binary Search Trees Reuse Through Inheritance: A Hierarchy of Trees Performance of Binary Trees 12. Graphs Example: Keeping Track of Course Prerequisites Basic Graph Concepts and Terminology Creating Graph ADT's Implementing and Using Adjacency List Graphs Implementing and Using Adjacency Matrix Graphs Appendix A: A Brief Review of C++ Appendix B: C++ for the Pascal Programmer Appendix C: C++ for the C Programmer
Synthesis and discovery of phytofurans: metabolites of α-linolenic acid peroxidation (2015)

Phytofurans are novel metabolites produced by non-enzymatic peroxidation of α-linolenic acid. An unprecedented Payne rearrangement-cyclization of a C2-symmetric bis-epoxide permitted construction of the core 3-hydroxy-2,5-disubstituted tetrahydrofuran. LC-MS/MS investigation provided evidence for the presence of phytofurans in nuts and seeds for the first time.
MQTT-S &#x2014; A publish/subscribe protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) pose novel challenges compared with traditional networks. To answer such challenges a new communication paradigm, data-centric communication, is emerging. One form of data-centric communication is the publish/subscribe messaging system. Compared with other data-centric variants, publish/subscribe systems are common and wide-spread in distributed computing. Thus, extending publish/subscribe systems intoWSNs will simplify the integration of sensor applications with other distributed applications. This paper describes MQTT-S [1], an extension of the open publish/subscribe protocol message queuing telemetry transport (MQTT) [2] to WSNs. MQTT-S is designed in such a way that it can be run on low-end and battery-operated sensor/actuator devices and operate over bandwidth-constraint WSNs such as ZigBee-based networks. Various protocol design points are discussed and compared. MQTT-S has been implemented and is currently being tested on the IBM wireless sensor networking testbed [3]. Implementation aspects, open challenges and future work are also presented.
The life and thought of Robert Keith Yorston: An advocate for accounting reform (2014)

Sir Robert Keith Yorston (1902–1983) was an Australian business educator and practitioner. He was a prolific author whose textbooks were adopted by the professional bodies, technical colleges and universities both in Australia and New Zealand. A large part of Yorston’s career was devoted to the Australian Accountancy College. Yorston was at the forefront of the professional dialogue on the quality of financial reporting in Australia. He also advocated improvements in matters of corporate governance including gender equality and employee reporting. It is argued that many of Yorston’s ideas were ahead of their time, and there is a need for an awareness of his contribution to accounting thought and practice. This article is an acknowledgement of Yorston’s endeavours. It recognizes his contribution to accounting education, the profession and the wider community. In so doing, it traces an important chapter in the history of accounting education and practice in Australia.
Alternate time-space coding for structured light system (2008)

Based on an analysis of maximum stripe deformation (due to depth change on surfaces) and measuring resolution limits, a principle of spatial periodicity used for coding is proposed. When spatial periodicity is used for coding, the resolution is greatly improved, or the number of patterns is greatly reduced for real-time structured light systems. A novel coded pattern for real-time structured light systems is presented, which is based on spatial periodicity. The coding pattern allows range scanning of moving objects with easy implementation of decoding and high measurement resolution. Using alternate time-space coding in a structured light system, we achieve a measurement speed of 20 frames per second with two stripe patterns.
Objektivierung von Gesichtsproportionen und -veranderungen durch Weichteil- und Skelettmodell (2000)

Zusammenfassung: Grundlagen: Die Planung und Objektivierung gesichtschirurgischer Eingriffe erfolgt heute großteils an zweidimensionalen Röntgenbildern und Fotographien. Die gemeinsame Darstellung der Weichteile und des Skelettes in 3D-Visualisierungen und die Ermöglichung von prä- und post-operativen Vergleichen waren Anliegen des Projektes. Methodik: Es wurden Methoden zur Generierung von 3D-Modellen der Gesichtsoberfläche und des Schädelskelettes entwickelt. Als Datenbasis dienten stereophotographische und CT-Aufnahmen. Es wurden zweitens zu unterschiedlichen Zeitpunkten erzeugte 3D-Modelle eines Patienten (prä- und postoperativ) einander überlagert. Die Einpassung der Model-le erfolgte mit Hilfe von natürlichen, am Gesicht oder Skelett vorhandenen Kurven und Punkten. Die Differenzen der Mo-delle wurden dargestellt und meßbar gemacht. Weiters wurden geeignete Verfahren zur Visualisierung von zwei überlagerten 3D-Modellen an einem interaktiven Graphiksystem (Visuali-sierungs-Workstation) entwickelt. Ergebnisse: Gittermodelle und schattierte Modelle können sta-tisch aus beliebigen Blickwinkeln oder dynamisch am Bild-schirm dargestellt werden, Die Modelle können beliebig ge-schnitten werden. In den Modellen können Abstände beliebi-ger Punkte interaktiv gemessen werden. Flächen und Volumi-na der Modelle können ebenso wie Volumsdifferenzen berech-net werden. Schlußfolgerungen: Die Darstellungen, insbesondere aber die Vermessungsmöglichkeiten bieten dem Chirurgen vielfältige Möglichkeiten therapiebedingte oder krankheitsbedingte Veränderungen an Skelett und Weichteilen zu objektivieren. Assessment of Facial Proportions and Alterations by Soft Tissue and Skeletal Models Background: Planning and assessment of outcome of surgical procedures is usually done with two-dimensional ra-diographs and fotos. The project focussed on the development of visualization methods of soft and hard tissues in a 3D-model which should allow to compare the pre- and postoperativ geo-metrical status. < Methods: Methods were developed to generate 3D-models of the facial contour and skull. The data were gained by stereophotographic fotos, CT and MRI scans. Models produced at different times were then superimposed using natural points and curves of the surface or skeleton as control points or curves. Differences between the models were made visible and measurable. Further-more visualization methods for two superimposed models were developed in an interactive graphic system. Results: Net or shaded models can be visualized from any angle or dynamically moved on a screen. The models can be cut in any desired plane. Distances within the models may be measured in-teractively. Planes, volumes and differences between two mod-els can also be measured. Conclusions: The method allows the surgeon to visualize and objectify any change of soft and hard tissue due to treatment or desease.
Molds and Stain Fungi (2008)

The presence of fungi on the surfaces of both freshly sawn lumber as well as wood surfaces in buildings has become an increasing public concern. Formerly, most wood users were concerned about decay fungi that could weaken the wood, creating unsafe structural conditions; however, surface molds and stain fungi have become an increasing concern because of their potential as allergens. This paper describes the types of fungi that cause molds and stains and outlines the conditions required for growth on wood.
Studies on the Willgerodt Reaction. V. An Anomalous Synthesis of Dithioöxalodimorpholide<sup>1</sup> (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the Willgerodt Reaction. V. An Anomalous Synthesis of Dithioöxalodimorpholide1Freeman H. McMillan and John A. KingCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 5, 1207–1208Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01197a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01197a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views83Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of an Ultrathin TiO<sub>2</sub> Layer Coated on Submicrometer‐Sized ZnO Nanocrystallite Aggregates by Atomic Layer Deposition on the Performance of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2010)

An ultrathin TiO2 layer is successfully coated on the surface of sub-m-sized aggregates of ZnO nanocrystallites through the atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique. The ZnO core/TiO2 shell structure increases the open-circuit voltage, without impairing the photocurrent density and results in an increased power conversion efficiency from 5.2% to 6.3%. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Machine Learning Approach for Determining the PET Attenuation Map from Magnetic Resonance Images (2006)

A promising new combination in multimodality imaging is MR-PET, where the high soft tissue contrast of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and the functional information of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) are combined. Although many technical problems have recently been solved, it is still an open problem to determine the attenuation map from the available MR scan, as the MR intensities are not directly related to the attenuation values. One standard approach is an atlas registration where the atlas MR image is aligned with the patient MR thus also yielding an attenuation image for the patient. We also propose another approach, which to our knowledge has not been tried before: Using Support Vector Machines we predict the attenuation value directly from the local image information. We train this well-established machine learning algorithm using small image patches. Although both approaches sometimes yielded acceptable results, they also showed their specific shortcomings: The registration often fails with large deformations whereas the prediction approach is problematic when the local image structure is not characteristic enough. However, the failures often do not coincide and integration of both information sources is promising. We therefore developed a combination method extending Support Vector Machines to use not only local image structure but also atlas registered coordinates. We demonstrate the strength of this combination approach on a number of examples.
The influence of sociodemographic characteristics on vision-related quality of life in visually impaired patients (2020)

Objectives: Self-reported vision-related quality of life (VRQOL) allows us to assess the effect of disease and treatments from the patient’s perspective, focusing on an individual’s subjective satisfaction and functional ability. The previous studies mostly focused on the impact of visual function deficits on VRQOL in patients with visual impairment. This study seeks to investigate the influence of sociodemographic characteristics on VRQOL in visually impaired patients. Material and Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included consecutive adult patients with visual impairment at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital eye clinic. All patients had presenting visual acuity worse than 6/18 in the better eye. VRQOL was assessed by the validated English version 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire. Sociodemographic characteristics and ocular parameters were recorded. Sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated based on age, sex, area of residence, marital status, religion, educational attainment, and monthly income. Each characteristic was stratified into groups or levels. Analysis of variance, including post hoc analysis was used to evaluate the association between sociodemographic characteristics and VRQOL. Results: A total of 270 patients were enrolled. After adjustments for category and causes of visual impairment, older age ( P < 0.001), rural dwellers ( P < 0.001), widowhood ( P = 0.006), and no formal education ( P < 0.001) were significantly associated with low mean visual function (VF) scores. Similarly, older age ( P < 0.001), rural dwellers ( P < 0.001), widowhood ( P = 0.003), and no formal education ( P < 0.001) were significantly associated with low mean QOL scores. The difference in the mean score of VF and QOL by religion, sex, and monthly income was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Besides the degree of visual impairment, the interplay of certain social and demographic factors plays a remarkable role in determining the QOL in visually impaired patients. Therefore, an individualized management plan, including psychosocial therapy is imperative in the care of visually impaired patients.
JAPAN'S EXPERIENCE IN PERTUSSIS EPIDEMIOLOGY AND VACCINATION IN THE PAST THIRTY YEARS (1980)

The experience in Japan that pertussis was controlled by the nation-wide regular vaccination and that the reincrease of case notification occurred recently after the decrease of vaccine acceptance rate upholds the view that pertussis vaccine produced under the national control system is fully protective. Though the recent decrease of the vaccine acceptance rate was due to the public reaction to rather imbalaanced arguments concerning the vaccine risk, it is also true that a more potent and less toxic component vaccine is urgently needed at this moment.
The Salzburg concept of intraoperative radiotherapy for breast cancer: Results and considerations (2005)

Aim of this study is to show that ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) after breast conserving surgery can be reduced by proper surgery and modern radiotherapy techniques. Three hundred and seventy eight women with stage I or II breast cancer had breast conserving surgery and received 51-56.1 Gy of postoperative radiation to the whole breast in 1.7 Gy fractions, but patients received different boost strategies. Group 1 (n = 188) received electron boost radiation of 12 Gy subsequent to the irradiation to the whole breast, group 2 (n = 190) received intraoperative electron boost radiation of 9 Gy directly to the tumor bed, followed by whole breast irradiation. After a median follow up period of 81.0 months in group 1 and a median follow up period of 51.1 months in group 2, 12 IBTRs (6.4%) could be observed in group 1 and no IBTR could be observed in group 2 (0.0%). The 5-year actuarial rates of IBTR were 4.3% (95% CI, 1.9-8.3%) and 0.0% (95% CI, 0.0-1.9%), respectively (p = 0.0018). The 5-year actuarial rates of distant recurrence were 8.6% (95% CI, 4.9-13.5%) and 4.2% (95% CI, 1.8-8.2%), respectively (p = 0.08). The 5 year disease-free survival rates were 90.9% (95% CI, 85.8-94.7%) in group 1 and 95.8% (95% CI, 91.8-98.2%) in group 2 (p = 0.064). Immediate IORT-boost and whole breast irradiation yields excellent local control at 5 years, and was associated with a statistically significant decreased rate of IBTR compared with a similar cohort of patients treated with whole breast irradiation and conventional electron boost.
Monitoring Metric First-Order Temporal Properties (2015)

Runtime monitoring is a general approach to verifying system properties at runtime by comparing system events against a specification formalizing which event sequences are allowed. We present a runtime monitoring algorithm for a safety fragment of metric first-order temporal logic that overcomes the limitations of prior monitoring algorithms with respect to the expressiveness of their property specification languages. Our approach, based on automatic structures, allows the unrestricted use of negation, universal and existential quantification over infinite domains, and the arbitrary nesting of both past and bounded future operators. Furthermore, we show how to use and optimize our approach for the common case where structures consist of only finite relations, over possibly infinite domains. We also report on case studies from the domain of security and compliance in which we empirically evaluate the presented algorithms. Taken together, our results show that metric first-order temporal logic can serve as an effective specification language for expressing and monitoring a wide variety of practically relevant system properties.
PDL with negation of atomic programs (2005)

Abstract Propositional dynamic logic (PDL) is one of the most successful variants of modal logic. To make it even more useful for applications, many extensions of PDL have been considered in the literature. A very natural and useful such extension is with negation of programs. Unfortunately, as long-known, reasoning with the resulting logic is undecidable. In this paper, we consider the extension of PDL with negation of atomic programs, only. We argue that this logic is still useful, e.g. in the context of description logics, and prove that satisfiability is decidable and EXPTIME-complete using an approach based on Büchi tree automata. Keywords: propositional dynamic logicprogram negationcomplexity
Extending an industrial robot controller (2005)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a platform for fast external sensor integration in an industrial robot control system. As an application and motivating example, the implementation of force controlled grinding and deburring within the AUTOFETT-project (EU Growth Programme) is reported.
Spiky nanostructured metal particles as filler of polymeric composites showing tunable electrical conductivity (2012)

Abstract This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the piezoresistive response of a composite material based on conductive nickel filler in a silicone‐insulating matrix. In the absence of a deformation, the prepared composite shows no electric conductivity, even though the metal particle content is well above the expected percolation threshold. Upon samples deformation (compressive or tensile stress), the composite exploits a variation of electrical resistance up to nine orders of magnitude. This huge variation can be explained with the quantum tunnelling mechanism where the probability of an electron to tunnel from a particle to the next one is exponentially proportional to the thickness of the insulating layer between them and strongly enhanced by the morphology of the nickel particles, showing spiky nanostructured tips. Two different conduction theoretical models are proposed and compared with the experimental results. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012