gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Association of Organic Acids in Petroleum and Canadian Bitumen Characterized by Low- and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2006)

We examine solution-phase aggregation for a whole crude oil, whole bitumen, and bitumen distillate fractions by negative-ion electrospray ionization [(−) ESI] detected by both high-resolution [Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR)] and low-resolution [linear quadrupole ion trap (LTQ)] mass spectrometry (MS). Aggregate formation for both crude oil and bitumens is concentration-dependent. At high concentrations (i.e., >1 mg/mL), the disruption of noncovalent interactions between heteromultimers by low-energy collision-activated dissociation (CAD) yields LTQ dissociation mass spectra with molecular-weight distributions identical to those observed by FT-ICR MS analysis at lower concentrations for purely monomeric species. These materials can exist as aggregates in solution even at high dilution (less than 0.1 mg/mL). We demonstrate the concentration and boiling point dependence for multimerization of polar acidic species in the Athabasca bitumen and bitumen distillates. Interestingly, the lowest boiling distillation cut (375−400 °C) displays the highest aggregation tendency, with dimers at concentrations as low as 0.05 mg/mL. Higher boiling point distillation cuts display a decreased aggregation tendency with an increasing cut point. High-resolution negative-ESI FT-ICR MS of the bitumen distillation fractions reveals the elemental composition, and thus the class, type, and carbon number of the multimeric species. Acidic heteroatomic classes for the distillation cut multimers include O4, S1O4, O3, S1O3, N1O2, and N1S1O2. The most abundant multimers for the 375−400 °C distillation cut are O4 species, whereas the 450−475 °C cut contains N1O2 multimers in the highest relative abundance. Changes in multimer heteroatom content as a function of the monomer composition and distillation cut suggest that aggregation depends upon the chemical functionalities of the monomer species.
Novel Associative Polymer Networks Based on Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNovel Associative Polymer Networks Based on Cyclodextrin Inclusion CompoundsXuhong Guo, Ahmed A. Abdala, Bruce L. May, Stephen F. Lincoln, Saad A. Khan, and Robert K. Prud'hommeView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544; Departmant of Chemistry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia; and Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905 Cite this: Macromolecules 2005, 38, 7, 3037–3040Publication Date (Web):March 8, 2005Publication History Received12 January 2005Published online8 March 2005Published inissue 1 April 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma050071ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma050071obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1774Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Hydrophobicity,Macrocyclic compounds,Oligosaccharides,Polymers,Viscosity Get e-Alerts
Adaptive control of a class of nonlinear systems using neural networks (2002)

Layered neural networks are used in nonlinear adaptive control problems. Both the discrete-time case and the continuous-time case are considered. For the discrete-time case, the plant is an unknown SISO feedback-linearizable discrete-time system with general relative degree, represented by an input-output model; a state space model of the plant is obtained. This model is used to define the zero dynamics, which are assumed to be stable. A layered neural network is used to model the unknown system and generate the feedback control. Based on the error between the plant output and the model output, the weights of the neural network are updated. For the continuous-time case, we work on a SISO relative-degree-one system with zero dynamics, and on a MIMO general relative degree system without zero dynamics. The neural network is used to model the nonlinear functions of the continuous-time systems, instead of modeling the whole system as in the discrete-time case; and the control law for the continuous-time case does not involve an explicit system identification process, as appears in the discrete-time case. The convergence results obtained for both cases are regional in state space, yet local in parameter space.
Rapid, Cost-effective Gene Mutation Screening for Carnitine Palmitoyltransferase II Deficiency Using Whole Blood on Filter Paper (1999)

female fetus, 19 (76%) were informative with at least one STR marker. Fourteen of these 19 pairs (74%) showed the presence of X-chromosomal DNA of paternal origin in maternal plasma (Table Among the 14 third trimester sample pairs with informative STRs, the paternal allele could be detected in 10 (71%). A similar percentage was found for maternal plasma collected during the second trimester (80%; four of five). The earliest gestational age at which fetal DNA was detected was 16 weeks. These results suggested that STR analysis of maternal plasma could potentially be used for second trimester noninvasive prenatal diagnosis.
Prostate cancer: computer-aided diagnosis on multiparametric MRI (2017)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men, being also the second most deadly cancer after lung cancer. There is increasing interest in active surveillance and minimally invasive focal therapies in PCa to avoid morbidities associated with whole gland therapy. Tumor volume represents an essential prognostic factor of PCa and the definition of index lesion volume is critical for appropriate decision making, especially for image guide focal treatment or in case of active surveillance. Multi-parametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mp-MRI) is the modality of choice for the detection and the localization of PCa foci. However, little has been published on mp-MRI accuracy in determining PCa volume, especially at 3T. There is insufficient evidence and no consensus to determine which of the methods for measuring volume is optimal. The objective of this study concerns the elaboration of an algorithm for automatic interpretation of mp-MRI. We determine the accuracy of the proposed method by comparing the prostate tumor volume issued from the automated volumetric mp-MRI measurements of the tumoral region, with manual and semi-automated volumetric measurements done by and respectively with radiologists. Information issued from whole mount histopathology is used to validate the whole approach.
Double-talk robust fast converging algorithms for network echo cancellation (2000)

There is a need for echo cancelers for echo paths with long impulse responses (/spl ges/64 ms). This in turn creates a need for more rapidly converging algorithms in order to meet the specifications for network echo cancelers. Faster convergence, however, in general implies a higher sensitivity to near-end disturbances, especially "double-talk." Previously, a fast converging algorithm has been proposed called proportionate normalized least mean squares (PNLMS) algorithm. This algorithm exploits the sparseness of the echo path and has the advantage that no detection of active coefficients is needed. In this paper we propose a method for making the PNLMS algorithm more robust against double-talk. The slower divergence rate of these algorithms in combination with a standard Geigel double-talk detector improves the performance of a network echo canceler considerably during double-talk. The principle is based on a scaled nonlinearity which is applied to the residual error signal. This results in the robust PNLMS algorithm which diverges much slower than PNLMS and standard NLMS. Tradeoff between convergence and divergence rate is easily adjusted with one parameter and the added complexity is about seven instructions per sample which is less than 0.3% of the total load of a PNLMS algorithm with 512 filter coefficients. A generalization of the robust PNLMS algorithm to a robust proportionate affine projection algorithm (APA) is also presented. It converges very fast, and unlike PNLMS, is not as dependent on the assumption of a sparse echo path response. The complexity of the robust proportionate APA of order two is roughly the same as that of PNLMS.
Feature Extraction for Load Identification Using Long-Term Operating Waveforms (2014)

This paper introduces a novel finite-state-machine (FSM) representation of long-term load operating waveforms for feature extraction and load identification. An operating waveform is first converted into a quantized sequence of states. Each state is assigned with 2-D numerical values: root mean square (RMS) current values and staying time values. A set of elemental states and events are defined to reduce the number of states and extract numerical features to represent electric loads for classification and identification. Three major categories of repeating patterns in waveforms that correspond to repeating operating actions are summarized and identification methods are proposed for each such category. Test results using a large dataset of real-world waveforms show that the different appliances have distinct ranges of features extracted from the proposed FSM representation, and thus can be identified with high accuracy.
[2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Society of Hypertension (ESH)]. (2018)

International audience
Differential Immune Microenvironments and Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade among Molecular Subtypes of Murine Medulloblastoma (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Despite significant strides in the identification and characterization of potential therapeutic targets for medulloblastoma, the role of the immune system and its interplay with the tumor microenvironment within these tumors are poorly understood. To address this, we adapted two syngeneic animal models of human Sonic Hedgehog (SHH)-driven and group 3 medulloblastoma for preclinical evaluation in immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice. Experimental Design and Results: Multicolor flow cytometric analyses were used to phenotype and characterize immune infiltrating cells within established cerebellar tumors. We observed significantly higher percentages of dendritic cells, infiltrating lymphocytes, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and tumor-associated macrophages in murine SHH model tumors compared with group 3 tumors. However, murine group 3 tumors had higher percentages of CD8+ PD-1+ T cells within the CD3 population. PD-1 blockade conferred superior antitumor efficacy in animals bearing intracranial group 3 tumors compared with SHH group tumors, indicating that immunologic differences within the tumor microenvironment can be leveraged as potential targets to mediate antitumor efficacy. Further analysis of anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody localization revealed binding to PD-1+ peripheral T cells, but not tumor infiltrating lymphocytes within the brain tumor microenvironment. Peripheral PD-1 blockade additionally resulted in a marked increase in CD3+ T cells within the tumor microenvironment. Conclusions: This is the first immunologic characterization of preclinical models of molecular subtypes of medulloblastoma and demonstration that response to immune checkpoint blockade differs across subtype classification. Our findings also suggest that effective anti-PD-1 blockade does not require that systemically administered antibodies penetrate the brain tumor microenvironment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(3); 582–95. ©2015 AACR.
Cyclosporin A mediates immunosuppression of primary cytotoxic T cell responses by impairing the release of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 (1981)

The site of action of the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A in in vitro cytotoxic allograft responses has been localized. General cytotoxic effects of the drug on proliferating T cells became apparent at concentrations of 500-1000 ng/ml, while selective effects were observed at concentrations of 10-100 ng/ml. The selective effects included a blockade of interleukin 2 release from activated T helper cells on the one hand and inhibition of interleukin 1 release from splenic adherent cells on the other. While cyclosporin A did not interfere with the intracellular events required for the activation and subsequent clonal expansion of alloreactive T cells, the lack of interleukin 1 and interleukin 2 induced by cyclosporin A results in an inability of T responder cells to mount cytotoxic allograft responses in vitro.
Studies on Syntheses and Antimicrobial Activity of N, N-Bis [2- (N'-acylamino) ethyl] glycines and 4- [2- (N-Acylamino) ethyl] -2-piperazinones (1993)

Two series of new compounds, N, N-bis [2- (N'-acylamino) ethyl] glycines (1) and 4- [2- (N-acylamino) ethyl] 2-piperazinones (2), were synthesized. Both series showed very good antimicrobial properties.
Evaluating the quality of individual SIFT features (2012)

Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) is one of the most popular local image features that are widely used in computer vision, image processing and image retrieval. In this paper we study the relation between the SIFT descriptor and its matching accuracy. We propose a method to quantitatively assess the quality of a SIFT feature descriptor in terms of robustness and discriminability. This would enable us to gain a better understanding of the strength and limitations of SIFT in emerging applications of SIFT-based image hash, and also to improve matching accuracy and efficiency in applications such as object search. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
[Treatment of erectile dysfunction after nerve-preserving radical retropubic prostatectomy]. (2006)

The aim of the study was evaluation of erectile function (EF) recovery and effects of PDE-5 inhibitor tadalafil in the treatment of erectile impairment one year after conduction of nerve-preserving retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP). Thirty patients with intact EF before surgery who had RRP were divided into two groups. In 18 patients of group I vasculonervous fascicles (VNF) were preserved on both sides. A unilateral nerve-preserving technique was used in 12 patients of group 2. Tadalafil administration was started 3 months after operation in the dose 20 mg. In group I partial erection was observed in 11 patients, was absent in 33% (6 patients), a complete erection was in one (6%) patient. Thus, 67% (12 patients) could maintain erection sufficient for coitus. Out of 12 patients of group 2, a complete erection was achieved in none patients, partial erection was observed in 5 (42%) patients, erection did not occur in 7 (58%) patients. Thus, EF is better in patients with bilateral preservation of VNF than in unilateral one. Pharmacotherapy of erectile dysfunction after nerve-preserving RRP is most effective. It is desirable to adhere to early postoperative policy in the treatment of EF. PDE-5 inhibitors are rather effective if the patient has a partial erection. They fail in the absence of spontaneous erections. Early therapy prevents subsequent progression of erectile dysfunction.
Exercise, Body Weight, and Amenorrhea in Professional Ballet Dancers (1982)

In brief Thirty-two professional female ballet dancers were studied by means of a gynecological questionnaire to determine the prevalence of menstrual dysfunction. Thirty-seven percent had a history of amenorrhea (p <.01 compared with controls). Forty-seven percent had a history of menstrual dysfunction manifested by delayed menarche, amenorrhea, or oligomenorrhea (p <.001 compared with controls). Menstrual dysfunction was related to both strenuous physical exercise and diminished body weight, and it was reversible, often disappearing with significant weight gain or intervals of less intense exercise. Thirteen women had pituitary hormone levels measured before and after exercise, and both were within the normal range.
Polyion complex micelles of poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(L-lysine)-gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid-dextran sulfate (2011)

The polyion complex micelle of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-b-poly(L-lysine) (P(Lys))-gadolinium-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (Gd-DOTA)-dextran sulfate, abbreviated as PIC micelles, is a Gd-based macromolecular contrast agent that has been developed by Shiraishi et al. for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (1).Magnetization recovery in the longitudinal direction (T1) and magnetization decay in the transverse plane (T2, T2*) form the basis of soft-tissue contrast in MRI (2). Use of Gd-based contrast agents results in a decrease of T1 and thus leads to positive contrast enhancement in MR images. However, to date, the US Food and Drug Administration-approved Gd-based agents such as Gd-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) are low-molecular-weight Gd-chelates that induce a relatively low T1 relaxivity (r1) because of their fast rotation. Their typical r1 values are in the range of 3–5 (mM·s)-1 (2). Macromolecular Gd-chelates have been developed to improve the r1, and they are often synthesized with PEG, P(Lys), poly(glutamic acid), dendrimers, liposomes, or dextrans (3, 4). The large size of these macromolecular systems results in a higher r1 value because of the slow tumbling of macromolecules (5, 6). In animals, these macromolecular agents exhibit a long circulation time in the bloodstream and accumulate preferentially within tumors (7). However, agents with high molecular weights may fail to be excreted from the body, and a high blood concentration could result in undesirably high background (1, 2, 6).Shiraishi et al. synthesized two types of polymeric micelle-based MRI contrast agents through conjugation of a PEG-P(Lys) block copolymer and a Gd-DOTA chelate (1, 6). One type possesses only DOTA-substituted lysine residues, and the other possesses both DOTA-substituted and unmodified lysine residues. These agents have been designed on the basis of the concept that stable Gd-chelated block copolymers produce a high r1, whereas formation of complex micelles lowers the r1 (1, 2, 6). In blood circulation, the agent presents as polymeric micelles, and the r1 is suppressed to a low level. The micelle structure inhibits access of water molecules to Gd ions in the inner core of polymeric micelles. In contrast, the polymeric micelles are gradually dissociated into single-polymer chains at the tumor sites. Because water molecules can easily access the Gd ions, the accumulated single-polymer chains generate a higher r1. Thus the micelle agent exhibits changeable r1via the formation and dissociation of micelle structure. In addition, a single block copolymer with a molecular weight of PEG-P(Lys-DOTA-Gd) micelles .
Iodido(tri-<i>tert</i>-butylphosphane-κ<i>P</i>)gold(I) (2012)

The Au(I) atom of the title compound, [AuI(C(12)H(27)P)], shows an almost linear coordination, with a P-Au-I angle of 178.52 (3)° [Au-P = 2.2723 (14) Å and Au-I = 2.5626 (6) Å].
Chemical bonding for precision optical assemblies (2011)

We report on the optimization of precision optical component assemblies for space application with respect to mechanical resilience and retention of optical tolerances such as flatness and angles. Optimized parameters include: the cleaning method of the surfaces to be joined; type, concentration, and quantity of the chemical bonding agent; and post-bonding and curing conditions. Experimental studies and quality assurance are complicated by the large statistical spread in breaking stress, which requires the preparation of a large number of samples. The results previously reported in literature have focused primarily on fused silica, rather than space-qualifiable materials such as Zerodur® and ULE®, and have typically addressed only one or two of the parameters. This study provides a comprehensive picture and a better general understanding of what makes a bond reliably strong.
2D 1/2 Visual Servoing (1998)

In this paper, the problem of estimating the partial camera displacement from two images of a static object is studied. This scaled displacement is used to design a new vision-based control scheme, called 2D 1/2 visual servoing. It must be emphasized that motion and structure can be estimated without the a priori knowledge of a 3D model of the object, which increases the versatility and the application area of visual servoing. Since vision-based robotics tasks generally necessitate to be performed at video rate, we focus only on linear algorithms. The classical approach to linearly estimate the motion parameters is based on the computation of the essential matrix. In this paper, we propose another approach, based on the estimation of an homography matrix related to a chosen plane of an unknown object. Simulations and experiments on a real scene show that this method gives a more robust reconstruction of the motion parameters, especially in the singular cases. We then focus on the 2D ...
Elucidation of the hierarchical structure of natural eumelanins (2018)

Eumelanin is one of the most ubiquitous pigments in living organisms and plays an important role in coloration and UV protection. Because eumelanin is highly cross-linked and insoluble in solvents, the chemical structure is still not completely known. In this study, we used atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to compare intact eumelanosomes (pigment granules mostly made of eumelanin) from four phylogentically distant species: cuttlefish (<i>Sepia officinalis</i>) inks, black fish crow (<i>Corvus ossifragus</i>) feathers, iridescent wild turkey (<i>Melleagris gallopavo</i>) feathers and black human hair. We found that eumelanosomes from all four species are composed of subunit nanoparticles with a length of 10-60 nm, consistent with earlier observations in eumelanosomes from the sepia ink and human hair. The solid-state NMR results indicate the presence of quinone methide tautomers in all four eumelanins. We also found clear differences in the UV absorbance, the ratio of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid/5,6-dihydroxyindole and protonated aryl carbon ratios in sepia eumelanin relative to the other three. This comparison of natural eumelanin across a phylogenetically broad group of organisms provides insights into the change in the eumelanin structure over the evolutionary history and enables the production of synthetic eumelanin with properties that are similar to natural eumelanin.