gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dense Passage Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering (2020)

Vladimir Karpukhin, Barlas Oguz, Sewon Min, Patrick Lewis, Ledell Wu, Sergey Edunov, Danqi Chen, Wen-tau Yih. Proceedings of the 2020 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP). 2020.
Prognostic significance of Ki67 (MIB1) proliferation index and p53 over‐expression in chondrosarcomas (1996)

To investigate the prognostic significance of the Ki67 (MIB1)-proliferation index and p53 over-expression in chondrosarcomas, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 29 patients with chondrosarcomas using immunohistochemical assays with MIB1 and p53 monoclonal antibodies on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples with microwave preparation. We also assessed 19 patients with benign cartilaginous tumors as a control group. There was a significant positive correlation between MIB1 index and tumor grade in chondrosarcomas, while there was no significant difference in the MIB1 index between the grade-I chondrosarcomas and the benign cartilaginous tumors. Patients categorized in the high-MIB1-index group had a significantly lower survival rate than those in the low-index group. Moreover, in analyzing the sub-set of the patients with grade-II chondrosarcomas, it was found that they could be prognostically sub-divided according to MIB1 index. The p53 index also significantly correlated with patient survival, and there was significant correlation between the MIB1 index and the p53 index. However, in multivariate analysis, only the MIB1 index and tumor grade proved to be independent prognostic indicators of chondrosarcomas. These results demonstrate that the MIB1 index can be a useful procedure for assessing tumor grade in chondrosarcomas, especially for determining the prognosis of patients with grade-II chondrosarcoma. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Humidity Sensor Using an Air Capacitor (2013)

We studied the possibility that an air capacitor can be used as a humidity sensor by measuring capacitance change. In order to investigate the possibility, the change of capacitance of an air capacitor due to moisture in air was first considered theoretically, and was then experimentally verified. The capacitance was measured by an LCR impedance meter with a 100-kHz and 1-V ac. The results revealed that the changes in the experimentally measured capacitances were greater than those in the theoretically calculated values. Based on this fact, we knew that an air capacitor could be used as part of a humidity sensing device. We expect the humidity sensor with an air capacitor has characteristics of fast response time, high reliability, and high durability compared with other conventional methods.
Differential impact of Toll-like receptor signaling on distinct B cell subpopulations (2011)

B cells exhibit a range of functional responses following TLR engagement including immunoglobulin and cytokine production, proliferation, antigen presentation and migration. However, B cell intrinsic TLR responses appear to be precisely programmed based upon the developmental stage of the cell. B cell subpopulations classified as innate immune cells including marginal zone and B-1 B cells exhibit robust responses to TLR stimulation. In contrast, activation of other B cell subsets is constrained via a variety of developmentally regulated events. In this review we provide an overview of TLR responses in murine and human B cells and specifically highlight patterns of TLR expression and developmentally regulated functional responses.
Regulation by serotonin of tooth-germ morphogenesis and gene expression in mouse mandibular explant cultures (1998)

Serotonin (5-HT) stimulates tooth-germ development in embryonic mouse mandibular explant cultures, but it is not clear whether this is due to a direct action on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, or whether development was stimulated indirectly by serotonergic regulation of other morphoregulatory molecules. A calcium-binding protein, S-100beta, and the extracellular-matrix molecule, tenascin, two molecules thought to be important in craniofacial development, together with cartilage proteoglycan core protein, a marker for chondrogenesis, are modulated by serotonergic ligands in mandibular micromass cultures. Here, it was demonstrated that 5-HT stimulates expression of cartilage proteoglycan core protein, and inhibits expression of S-100beta and tenascin in mandibular explants. Further, ondansetron (Zofran), a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, and NAN-190, a 5-HT1A antagonist, reversed the serotonergic stimulation of core protein and tooth germ development. In contrast serotonergic modulation of S-100beta and tenascin expression was not reversed by any of the 5-HT receptor antagonists tested, although the 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, did reverse the effect of 5-HT on S-100beta expression, as well as tooth-germ development. These results support previous work suggesting that 5-HT plays an important part in craniofacial development, especially in dentinogenesis and chondrogenesis. However, the possibility that tenascin or S-100beta mediate the effects of 5-HT on tooth-germ development is not supported. Rather, these results raise the possibility that 5-HT may exert effects directly on tooth-germ morphogenesis mediated by intracellular uptake of 5-HT and/or activation of 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors.
Radiofrequency ablation of the pulmonary veins: Can it stop atrial fibrillation at its source? (2001)

Recent work from France indicates that many cases of atrial fibrillation arise from foci of rapidly firing cells, most of which are located not within the atria but within the pulmonary veins. Armed with this new knowledge, we are pursuing strategies of permanently preventing atrial fibrillation by destroying these foci using radiofrequency ablation.
Granular: An access control model, and Confia: Its software tool (2014)

: In this paper we present a new access control method called Granular. Granular extends traditional access control methods in order to manage XML-like documents by means of a rules set that allows easy administration of the system describing the accessed content using a suitable set of rights. One of the main novelties is the definition of closed and open authorizations, which provides a more precise way of controlling document access. It allows for an early control of possible conflicts between different kinds of accesses. Formal definitions of Granular actions and rules are presented in this paper, and the implementation of Granular is discussed.
Distribution transformer lightning protection practices (1936)

With the object of determining the effectiveness of the newer methods of protecting distribution transformers from lightning, a survey of operating data obtained during 1934 by 38 electric power companies has been made by the transmission and distribution committee of the Edison Electric Institute. The results of this survey are presented herewith. In general, interconnection of the lightning arrester ground with the secondary neutral has been found superior to other methods of protection.
Same sex families in Australia (2007)

It is an oft-heard lament that families are not what they used to be. This sentiment assumes that\nfamilies are static through time, culture and region. Families are in fact an ever-evolving social\ninstitution. The family unit is responsive to social, political, economic, legal and historical\npressures and continues to transform itself due to these external pressures. Contemporary\nAustralian families have diversified from the romanticised version of the 1950's style two-parent\nheterosexual unit. Many different family structures exist today. One of these is the gay/lesbian\nfamily, or same sex couples parenting children. First, a basic understanding of the history of the\nfamily unit is explored. Then, an explanation of gay/lesbian parenting and family units is outlined.\nUnderstanding the implications for children with same sex parents is important as a midwifery\nhealth professional to provide appropriate and responsive care to this type of family. Social,\neducational, health, sexual, legal, and parenting implications for children of same sex parents are\nanalysed in greater depth.
Neurocognitive function (NCF) outcomes in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) enrolled in RTOG 0825. (2013)

2004 Background: RTOG 0825 evaluated overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) differences in patients with newly diagnosed GBM treated with standard chemoradiation, maintenance temozolomide and placebo (Arm 1) or bevacizumab (Arm 2). While OS was equivalent, PFS was longer in Arm 2. Longitudinal NCF testing was performed to evaluate clinical benefit. Methods: NCF was evaluatedat baseline and while on study and progression free with the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA). Change in NCF from baseline was categorized using the reliable change index. Differences between treatment arms were compared at follow-up evaluations. Additionally, baseline (B) and early changes (EC) (B to week 10) in NCF were examined as prognostic factors. Results: 542 patients consented and 507 randomized patients participated, with test completion rates at weeks 0 (B), 10, 22, and 34 of 94-97, 69-73, 59-64, and 53-58%, respectively. Mean test performance at B was equivalent between arms and ranged from -0.8 to -4.8 SDs below healthy population norms with global NCF on a composite variable at -2.0 SDs. There were no statistically significant between arm differences in frequency of improvement through week 34. Decline on COWA (verbal measure of executive function) at week 34 relative to baseline was more common (16.1 vs 5.7%) in patients in Arm 1 (p<0.05); whereas, there were trends for more decline in Arm 2 on a visuomotor measure of executive function (TMT B, p< 0.06; 22.2 vs 35.4%). B performance and EC in global NCF, memory, executive function and processing speed were prognostic for OS. At B, global NCF was prognostic for PFS. EC in global NCF, memory and executive function were prognostic for PFS. Conclusions: There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of decline on a verbal test of executive function at week 34 favoring Arm 2. However, this was not found at earlier time points and was not found on a visuomotor test of executive function. B and EC in NCF were prognostic for OS and PFS. Longitudinal modeling is ongoing to further evaluate the impact of treatment on patients’ NCF. Support: U10 CA21661, U10 CA37422 and Genentech, Inc. Clinical trial information: NCI-2009-01670.
HISyn: human learning-inspired natural language programming (2020)

Natural Language (NL) programming automatically synthesizes code based on inputs expressed in natural language. It has recently received lots of growing interest. Recent solutions however all require many labeled training examples for their data-driven nature. This paper proposes an NLU-driven approach, a new approach inspired by how humans learn programming. It centers around Natural Language Understanding and draws on a novel graph-based mapping algorithm, foregoing the need of large numbers of labeled examples. The resulting NL programming framework, HISyn, using no training examples, gives synthesis accuracy comparable to those by data-driven methods trained on hundreds of training numbers. HISyn meanwhile demonstrates advantages in interpretability, error diagnosis support, and cross-domain extensibility.
Neuronal Cyclic AMP Controls the Developmental Loss in Ability of Axons to Regenerate (2001)

Unlike neonatal axons, mammalian adult axons do not regenerate after injury. Likewise, myelin, a major factor in preventing regeneration in the adult, inhibits regeneration from older but not younger neurons. Identification of the molecular events responsible for this developmental loss of regenerative capacity is believed key to devising strategies to encourage regeneration in adults after injury. Here, we report that the endogenous levels of the cyclic nucleotide, cAMP, are dramatically higher in young neurons in which axonal growth is promoted both by myelin in general and by a specific myelin component, myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), than in the same types of neurons that, when older, are inhibited by myelin-MAG. Inhibiting a downstream effector of cAMP [protein kinase A (PKA)] prevents myelin-MAG promotion from young neurons, and elevating cAMP blocks myelin-MAG inhibition of neurite outgrowth in older neurons. Importantly, developmental plasticity of spinal tract axons in neonatal rat pups in vivo is dramatically reduced by inhibition of PKA. Thus, the switch from promotion to inhibition by myelin-MAG, which marks the developmental loss of regenerative capacity, is mediated by a developmentally regulated decrease in endogenous neuronal cAMP levels.
Dominant T‐Cell Receptor β‐Chain Gene Rearrangements Indicate Clonal Expansion in the Rheumatoid Joint (1990)

T-cell receptor (TcR) beta and delta gene rearrangements were studied in anti-CD3 expanded T-cell populations cultured from the synovial membrane (SM) (n = 5) or synovial fluid (SF) (n = 2) of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Dominant TcR beta-chain gene rearrangements to C beta 1 were demonstrated in all the patients tested and 1-3 expanded clones per patient were found. Clonal rearrangements to C beta 2 were detected in one SM sample (two clones) and one SF sample (one clone). The TcR delta gene was deleted in all the samples tested. We conclude that clonal dominance may be found in expanded T-cell populations from SM and SF of RA patients. Multiple clones may be present, either using the C beta 1 or C beta 2 gene segment.
High pulse repetition frequency, multiple wavelength, pulsed CO_2 lidar system for atmospheric transmission and target reflectance measurements (1992)

A multiple wavelength, pulsed CO(2) lidar system operating at a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz and permitting the random selection of CO(2) laser wavelengths for each laser pulse is presented. This system was employed to measure target reflectance and atmospheric transmission by using laser pulse bursts consisting of groups with as many as 16 different wavelengths at a repetition rate of 12 Hz. The wavelength tuning mechanism of the transversely excited atmospheric laser consists of a stationary grating and a flat mirror controlled by a galvanometer. Multiple wavelength, differential absorption lidar (DIAL) measurements reduce the effects of differential target reflectance and molecular absorption interference. Examples of multiwavelength DIAL detection for ammonia and water vapor show the dynamic interaction between these two trace gases. Target reflectance measurements for maple trees in winter and autumn are presented.
Fluorochloroethanes and Fluorochloroethylenes. III (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorochloroethanes and Fluorochloroethylenes. IIIAlbert L. Henne and Donald M. HubbardCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 3, 404–406Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01294a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01294a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Context-Based Adaptive Visualization Environment (2006)

Digital libraries and historical archives are increasingly employing visualization systems to facilitate the information retrieval and knowledge extraction tasks of their users. Typically, each organization employs a single visualization system, which may not suit best the needs of certain user groups, specific tasks, or properties of document collections to be visualized. In this paper, we present a context-based adaptive visualization environment, which embeds a set of visualization methods into a visualization library, from which the most appropriate one is selected for presenting information to the user. Methods are selected by examining parameters related to the user profile, system configuration and the set of data to be visualized, and employing a set of rules to assess the suitability of each method. The presented environment additionally monitors user behavior and preferences to adapt the visualization method selection criteria
The Cycle of Experience Re-Cycled: Then, Now ... Next? (2009)

Abstract This article presents a contemporary version of the Cycle of Experience, grounded in the context of its history and development, and explicitly adding considerations of a field perspective. The focus is on the heuristic value of the model as a pedagogical support in the training of Gestalt practitioners in all applications.
Incorporating fuzziness into timer-triggers for temporal event handling (2008)

Database triggers allow database users to specify integrity constraints and business logics by describing the reactions to events. Traditional database triggers can handle mutating events such as insert, update, and delete. This paper describes our approach to incorporate timer-triggers to handle temporal events that are generated at a given time or at certain time intervals. We propose a trigger language, named FZ-Trigger, to allow fuzziness in database triggers. FZ-Triggers allow fuzzy expressions in the condition part of a trigger with either a mutating event or a temporal event. This paper describes the generation of temporal events, the language of FZ-Triggers, and the system implementation. We also present a motivating example that illustrates the use of FZ-Trigger in the case of reacting to temporal events.
[Prostheto-prosthetic and aorto-prosthetic anastomosis using stents, threads, clips and staples. In vitro comparative study]. (2003)

From these in vitro trials, we can advance that a continuous suture is probably far too resistant in relation to the aorta own resistance. As we do not know accurately the physiologic strength applied to a vascular prosthesis in vivo, one acceptance criterion from a safety point of view for a new anastomosis system must be that its strength will be equal to the well-proven continuous suture (greater than 150 N) or to the aorta breaking point (between 100 and 160 N). From that point of view, anastomoses performed with clips or a stent are not convenient, unless special clips or stents can be developed for this application. The mechanical strength is of staples sufficient but their design has to be adapted to this particular type of anastomosis.
Labor: Quantity (1982)

Abstract Labour input (measured in man‐hours) reached its all‐time high in 1913, before falling steeply in 1913–24. The post‐war period was unique among peacetime phases in having a decline in labour input, all of which occurred after 1964. Demographic causes and changes in hours of work were much the most important sources of difference in the rate of growth of labour input between periods. The annual rate of growth of population underwent a stepwise decline from about 0.9% before 1914 to about 0.5% thereafter, but the main decline in the rate of growth of the labour force did not occur until WWII, because of changes in age composition. Hours worked by full‐timers declined in a few large steps ‐ in the early 1870s, in 1919, and in 1947–48 – and then more steadily from 1955 onwards. The timing of these steps can be related to high demand and consequent strengthening of the bargaining power of labour – a perverse response of labour input to demand, not later reversed.
Wavelet frequency spectrum analysis of oscillograms (1999)

By combining wavelet transform with frequency spectrum analysis, wavelet frequency spectrum analysis of an oscillogram was achieved, based on the wavelet property of extracting useful information. Compared with Fourier frequency spectrum analysis of an oscillogram, this method presents many advantages. For instance, explicit peaks in spectrum for the analysis of the sample, easily determined measurable conditions and simple measuring procedure. More important, a novel method, frequency band differential revision method, is described, with which the effects caused by some random factors in the experiment can be substantially eliminated.
Photocrosslinking of functionalized rubbers, 8. The thiol-polybutadiene system (1999)

The light-induced crosslinking of polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-polystyrene (SBS) was carried out in the presence of a trifunctional thiol and a phosphine oxide photoinitiator. The curing process was followed by infrared spectroscopy, insolubilization and hardness measurements, and was shown to proceed extensively within less than 1 s under intense illumination in air at ambient temperature. The relative reactivity of the thiyl radicals toward the polybutadiene vinyl and butene double bonds was determined, as well as the competition between homo- and copolymerization for the propagating alkyl radical. An increase of the SBS vinyl content from 8 to 59% has little effect on the crosslinking process, because it enhances mainly intramolecular reactions. The thiol/ene polymerization is much more effective to crosslink thermoplastic SBS elastomers than the copolymerization of the polybutadiene double bonds with a diacrylate monomer.
Barrier metal effects on electromigration of layered aluminum metallization (2002)

An investigation was conducted of the electromigration (EM) in Al-1% Si, Al-1% Si-0.5% Cu, and Al-2% Cu films with Ti:W and CVD-W barrier metals. The EM test results indicate that the rough surface texture of the underlying CVD-W layer degrades the electromigration performance of the Al-1% Si and Al-1% Si-0.5% Cu films. However, the EM performance of Al-2% Cu multilayered metallization was found to be independent of the barrier metal type. The failure kinetics of multilayered metallization was studied by investigating the resistance rise mechanism. The resistance rise during EM testing of CVD-W/Al-1% Si-0.5% Cu and Ti:W/Al-1% Si-0.5% Cu seems to be well behaved and follows a power law dependence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>