gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological properties of laponite and chemically modified laponite suspenisons (2014)

This research investigates the rheological properties of concentrated laponite RD suspensions modified through the addition of laponite RDS and sodium pyrophosphate (SPP). The work is aimed at establishing the possible suitability of these materials for treating liquefaction susceptible sands. This application requires that a laponite suspension initially exhibits liquid like behavior and low viscosity that allow its delivery into the pore space of a sand, but that over time the suspension develop a gel structure with solid like behavior that can serve to restrict sand particle mobility during earthquake shaking. The experimental program made use of a Physica MCR 301 Rheometer, a fully automated, air bearing apparatus controlled stress apparatus. Controlled shear rate tests (CSR) and amplitude sweep tests (AS) were performed to determine the flow and the viscoelastic behavior of 30 different clay suspensions as a function of time (from immediately after mixing to after 4 months). The concentration of laponite RD was varied between 3% and 9% by mass of water, while the dosages of the modifiers ranged between 1.5% and 6% by mass of water in the case of laponite RDS, and between 1.5% and 8.0% by mass of laponite RD, in the case of the SPP. The test results demonstrate that the addition of RDS and SPP impacts the rheology of the laponite RD suspensions, and that the effects are more marked when the concentration of RDS and SPP increases. For suspensions with the same RD %, at early aging times the addition of RDS or SPP causes a reduction in viscosity, yield stress and storage modulus. For sufficiently high dosages of RDS or SPP a Newtonian response is observed immediately after mixing. Both CSR and AS tests show a significant evolution in the rheological behavior of all RDS and SPP modified suspensions. Over time all suspensions display an increase in viscosity, yield stress and storage modulus, and a reduction in the phase angle measured in the LVE region. These effects reflect the transition of all suspensions from sols to gels. This transition is delayed for increasing concentration of RDS or SPP. After 2 weeks of aging all the suspensions examined in its research display phase angle less than 10°, indicating the formation of a gel-like structure with solid like behavior. While the viscosity measured at a reference shear rate of 1000/s is found to reach a "steady state" after ∼ 1 week of aging, the storage modulus of all suspensions continues to increase with time 3-4 months after mixing. Beyond 20-50 hours, the storage modulus increases with the total laponite concentration (RD plus RDS) and decreases with increasing SPP%. Based on the tests conducted, two suspensions (5% RD suspension modified with 4% RDS and 9% RD suspension modified with 7% SPP) are identified as potentially suitable permeation materials to treat sands susceptible to liquefaction.
Calculation Method of Track Quality Index (2003)

This paper analyzes the noise existing in inspectied signal obtained by track in spection car. Due to the lack of noise elimination function in GJ-4 track inspection car, the measured results of track quality index (TQI) have disto rtion, which shall influence the evaluation of track quality and the planning of track maintenance. Two methods are proposed to locate and remove the noise: 1) alignment with 1 m wave length and the alignment at low running speed are treate d as noise. 2) adjacent data with 4 mm difference in the main computer of track inspection car are taken as noise. It is suggested that the whole waveform shoul d be taken as noise. An arithmetic method is given to recalculate TQI and th e standard deviation of irregularity in the editing computer since the data tra nsmitted from the main machine to the editing machine has noise and the noise sh ould be eliminated manually. Result shows that the above noise eliminating metho d is good and can increase the calculation accuracy of TQI by a big margin.
Abundant Retention and Release of Connective Tissue Growth Factor (CTGF/CCN2) by Platelets (2004)

Wound healing and tissue regeneration are usually initiated by coagulation followed by fibrous tissue formation. In the present study, we discovered an abundance of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2) in human platelets, which was released along with the coagulation process. The CTGF/CCN2 content in platelets was 10-fold higher than that in arterial tissue. Furthermore, the CTGF/CCN2 content in a single platelet was computed to be more than 20-fold higher than that of any other growth factor reported. Considering that CTGF/CCN2 promotes angiogenesis, cartilage regeneration, fibrosis and platelet adhesion, it may be now regarded as one of the major functional components of platelets.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Current Status and New Horizons (2018)

Autoimmune diabetes is a heterogeneous disease which can arise at any age. Subjects with adult-onset autoimmune diabetes who do not necessitate insulin-therapy for at least 6 months after diagnosis are demarcated as having latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). This condition is more heterogeneous than young-onset autoimmune diabetes and shares clinical and metabolic characteristics with both type 2 and type 1 diabetes. Patients with LADA are considered by having highly variable β-cell destruction, different degrees of insulin resistance and heterogeneous titre and pattern of islet autoantibody, suggesting different pathophysiological pathways partially explaining the heterogeneous phenotypes of LADA. To date the heterogeneity of LADA does not allow to establish a priori treatment algorithm and no specific guidelines for LADA therapy are available. These subjects are mostly treated as affected by type 2 diabetes, a factor that might lead to the progression to insulin-dependency quickly. A personalised medicine approach is necessary to attain optimal metabolic control and preserve β-cell function to decrease the risk of long-term diabetes complications. Recent data concerning the use of oral antidiabetic agents as dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists indicate up-and-coming results in term of protect C-peptide levels and improving glycaemic control. This review summarises current knowledge on LADA, emphasising controversies regarding its pathophysiology and clinical features. Moreover, we discuss data available about novel therapeutic approaches that can be considered for prevention of β-cell loss in LADA.
The Politics of Love: The 1995 Montreal Unity Rally and Canadian Affection (2011)

The politics of love has been the subject of much scrutiny of late, yet the concept of love itself as a political tool has been virtually ignored. This essay attempts to rectify this by analyzing the Montreal Unity Rally, staged on the eve of the 1995 Quebec referendum on sovereignty. Relying on news articles published from across Canada in the period surrounding the referendum campaign and the months following, on video documentaries, and on personal recollections, this article discusses the role that emotionality played in the movement. Ultimately, this study led to a reconsideration of the nature of the “love” that was declared at the rally, and the connection of such love to issues of power in Canadian politics.
Real-time inference in a VLSI spiking neural network (2012)

The ongoing motor output of the brain depends on its remarkable ability to rapidly transform and fuse a variety of sensory streams in real-time. The brain processes these data using networks of neurons that communicate by asynchronous spikes, a technology that is dramatically different from conventional electronic systems. We report here a step towards constructing electronic systems with analogous performance to the brain. Our VLSI spiking neural network combines in real-time three distinct sources of input data; each is place-encoded on an individual neuronal population that expresses soft Winner-Take-All dynamics. These arrays are combined according to a user-specified function that is embedded in the reciprocal connections between the soft Winner-Take-All populations and an intermediate shared population. The overall network is able to perform function approximation (missing data can be inferred from the available streams) and cue integration (when all input streams are present they enhance one another synergistically). The network performs these tasks with about 80% and 90% reliability, respectively. Our results suggest that with further technical improvement, it may be possible to implement more complex probabilistic models such as Bayesian networks in neuromorphic electronic systems.
XLVI.<i>On the determination of the velocity constant of a unimolecular reaction</i> (1926)

(1926). XLVI. On the determination of the velocity constant of a unimolecular reaction. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 2, No. 9, pp. 538-543.
Ultrafast collective oxygen-vacancy flow in Ca-doped BiFeO3 (2018)

The ultrafast motion of oxygen vacancies in solids is crucial for various future applications, such as oxide electrolytes. Visualization and quantification can offer unforeseen opportunities to probe the collective dynamics of defects in crystalline solids, but little research has been conducted on oxygen vacancy electromigration using these approaches. Here, we visualize electric-field-induced creation and propagation of oxygen-vacancy-rich and -poor competing phases and their interface with optical contrast in Ca-substituted BiFeO3 that contains a high density of mobile oxygen vacancies. We quantitatively determined the drift velocity of collective migration to be on the order of 100 μm s−1 with an activation barrier of 0.79 eV, indicating a significantly large ionic mobility of 2 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 V−1 at a remarkably low temperature of 390 °C. In addition, visualization enables direct observation of fluidic behavior, such as the enhancement of conduction at channel edges, which results in U-shaped viscous propagation of the phase boundary and turbulence under a reverse electric field. All of these results provide new insights into the collective motion of defects. The collective propagation of defects in an oxide material has been visualized by researchers in South Korea and the USA. Most crystalline materials are imperfect. One type of imperfection, known as a vacancy, is the absence of an atom from the crystal lattice. These vacancies move through the material as surrounding atoms shift to fill the empty spot. A better understanding of this motion could aid the development of novel memories, solid oxide fuel cells and batteries. Chan-Ho Yang from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, and colleagues recorded the movement of oxygen vacancies in calcium-substituted BiFeO3 because of the color difference between regions of high and low vacancy concentration. This ability to visualize oxygen-vacancies in real-time offers an opportunity to measure their movement and better understand defect-induced material changes. We visualize an electric-field-induced collective propagation of oxygen vacancies spontaneously contained in Ca-substituted BiFeO3 films, using the fact that the oxygen-rich and poor regions have different color contrasts and thus they are optically distinguishable forming a sharp boundary. We quantitatively determine the drift velocity to be of the order of 100 μm s−1 with an activation barrier of 0.79 eV indicating a significantly large ionic mobility 2 × 10−6 cm2 s−1 V−1 at a remarkably low temperature of 390 °C. Furthermore, U-shaped propagation and turbulence under backward electric field provide insights into fluidic defects in crystalline solids.
A hot-wire anemometer compensated for ambient temperature variations (1986)

A simple system for compensating a hot-wire anemometer for ambient temperature variations is proposed. In addition to the hot-wire probe, this system requires a temperature probe for sensing the working flow temperature. When the overheat ratio of the hot wire is kept constant in the usual manner and the temperature coefficient of the temperature probe in the hot-wire bridge is set equal to that of the hot wire, complete compensation can be achieved. The unequal coefficients may be equalised in the electrical circuit. It is found that the empirical heat-loss equation for plated wire probes is less susceptible to variations in both flow temperature and hot-wire operating temperature than that for welded wire probes. For an ambient temperature increase of 25 degrees C, the output drift of the system using the plated probe is within 1% of the indicated velocity. In the overcompensation mode of the system, compensation with 1% accuracy is achieved for a temperature rise of up to 35 degrees C and for a limited velocity range.
An Undoped, Single-Phase Oxide Photocatalyst Working under Visible Light (2004)

A novel photocatalyst, PbBi2Nb2O9 has been discovered that shows high activities for degradation of organic pollutants, generation of photocurrent, and water decomposition into O2 or H2, all under visible right irradiation (lambda >/= 420 nm). This is the first example of an undoped, single-phase oxide photocatalyst that shows such reactivity. Its quantum yields are much higher than those for most of the previously reported materials, especially in water decomposition to generate oxygen (29%). Since it is an oxide, there is much less concern for stability under light irradiation.
Purification of <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> Citrate Lyase and Cloning and Characterization of the <i>citCDEFG</i> Gene Cluster (1998)

A citrate lyase (EC 4.1.3.6) was purified 25-fold from Leuconostoc mesenteroides and was shown to contain three subunits. The first 42 amino acids of the beta subunit were identified, as well as an internal peptide sequence spanning some 20 amino acids into the alpha subunit. Using degenerated primers from these sequences, we amplified a 1.2-kb DNA fragment by PCR from Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris. This fragment was used as a probe for screening a Leuconostoc genomic bank to identify the structural genes. The 2.7-kb gene cluster encoding citrate lyase of L. mesenteroides is organized in three open reading frames, citD, citE, and citF, encoding, respectively, the three citrate lyase subunits gamma (acyl carrier protein [ACP]), beta (citryl-S-ACP lyase; EC 4.1.3.34), and alpha (citrate:acetyl-ACP transferase; EC 2.8.3.10). The gene (citC) encoding the citrate lyase ligase (EC 6.2.1.22) was localized in the region upstream of citD. Protein comparisons show similarities with the citrate lyase ligase and citrate lyase of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Downstream of the citrate lyase cluster, a 1.4-kb open reading frame encoding a 52-kDa protein was found. The deduced protein is similar to CitG of the other bacteria, and its function remains unknown. Expression of the citCDEFG gene cluster in Escherichia coli led to the detection of a citrate lyase activity only in the presence of acetyl coenzyme A, which is a structural analog of the prosthetic group. This shows that the acetyl-ACP group of the citrate lyase form in E. coli is not complete or not linked to the protein.
Coherence-gated wave-front sensing in strongly scattering samples (2004)

We show that, by coherence-gate rejection of out-of-focus light, wave-front distortions can be measured in the presence of a scattering background that is dominant by several orders of magnitude. Applications are expected for multiphoton and confocal laser-scanning microscopy.
Analysis of the dynamics of RR interval series for the detection of atrial fibrillation episodes (2002)

The dynamics of RR interval series is investigated in normal sinus rhythm (NSR) and during Atrial Fibrillation (AF) episodes by using parameters extracted through a time-variant identification of an autoregressive (AR) model and non-linear measurements based on the Corrected Conditional Entropy (CCE). Significant differences were found in the two epochs. Results suggest a possible use of the proposed indexes in the detection of AF episodes.
On the turnover of long-chain fatty acids in plasma (1961)

The turnover of fatty acids released by lipolysis in the body was estimated by measuring the lipolytic activity of plasma and the rise in fatty acid concentration after an injection of heparin. The mixture of fatty acids liberated endogenously appeared to be cleared at the same rate as has been previously reported for albumin-bound, C14-labeled fatty acids.
The IKK‐NF‐κB pathway: a source for novel molecular drug targets in pain therapy? (2008)

Several studies indicate that the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) -activation cascade plays a crucial role not only in immune responses, inflammation, and apoptosis but also in the development and processing of pathological pain. Accordingly, a pharmacological intervention into this pathway may have antinociceptive effects and could provide novel treatment strategies for pain and inflammation. In this review we summarize the role of NF-kappaB in the nervous system, its impact on nociception, and several approaches that investigated the effects of various modulators of the classical I-kappaB-kinase-NF-kappaB signal transduction pathway in inflammatory nociception and neuropathic pain. The results indicate that NF-kappaB has an impact on nociceptive transmission and processing and that a number of substances that inhibit the NF-kappaB-activating cascade are capable of reducing the nociceptive response in different animal models. Therefore, a modulation of specific participants in the NF-kappaB signal transduction might exert a useful approach for the development of new painkillers.
Graphics Tools for Linux (1996)

Can you really do professional graphic art on a Linux system? If you're aware of all the available tools, you can
The Oxidation of Certain Pteroylglutamic Acid Analogs<sup>1</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Oxidation of Certain Pteroylglutamic Acid Analogs1ROBERT L. DION and TI LI LOOCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 6, 1857–1859Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01065a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01065a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stratigraphic Forward Modeling of Basin-Margin Clinoform Systems: Implications for Controls on Topset and Shelf Width and Timing of Formation of Shelf-Edge Deltas (2008)

Siliciclastic shallow-marine deposits record the interface between land and sea, and its response to a variety of forcing mechanisms: physical process regime, the internal dynamics of coastal and shelfal depositional systems, relative sea level, sediment flux, tectonic setting, and climate. These deposits have long been the subject of conceptual stratigraphic models that seek to explain the interplay between these various forcing mechanisms, and their preservation in the stratigraphic record. This volume arose from an SEPM research conference on shoreline–shelf stratigraphy that was held in Grand Junction, Colorado, on August 24–28, 2004. The aim of the resulting volume is to highlight the development over the last 15 years of the stratigraphic concepts and models that are used to interpret siliciclastic marginal-marine, shallow-marine, and shelf deposits.
Complete Device Level Validation of Solid State Flash Drives -- An Approach (2013)

This paper highlights the Device level testing of SATA SSD's (Solid State Drives). Device level testing aims at testing the intrinsic functionality of the storage devices. Commands are issued to the SSD under test to validate the attributes such as methods of transfer, latest technology involved to structure the storage device functionality, performance and the adherence to the protocol (SATA protocol). Performance test validation is required for NAND flash components and is used to substantiate the data performance read/write claims. The types of testing at the device level are Conformal testing, Non Performance Command Testing and Performance Command Testing. This paper outlines the process involved in validating SSD's (SATA).
Backhaul Routing and Base Station Sleep Mode Engagement in Energy Harvesting Cellular Networks (2016)

Future dense mobile networks will imply much higher costs both in access and backhaul. This paper analyzes the effect on wireless mesh backhaul routing performance when energy saving policies are present at the radio access network (RAN). We consider an heterogeneous two-tier network where small cells (SC) with energy harvesting capabilities extend the capacity of the macro base stations (MBS), and can autonomously switch on-off in order to increase the energy efficiency of the network based on a Q-learning (QL) algorithm. Instead of calculating new routes for each SCs activation pattern, we propose to agnostically adapt to the RAN traffic demands using a non-route-based backpressure routing policy for the wireless mesh backhaul to even the network resource usage amongst SCs. We used the ns-3 simulator to integrate the different mobile network segments: RAN, wireless mesh backhaul, and evolved packet core (EPC). Simulation results show an achieved reduction of the %37% of the RAN energy consumption while satisfying traffic demands with an improvement of up to a factor of 10 of delay performance in the backhaul during peak hours.
A High Temperature Electrical Contact Finish for Automotive Applications (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Temperatures exceeding 125°C can degrade many common types of electroplated finishes used in the electronic connector industry, including hard gold. Diffusion, oxidation and porosity can cause increases in contact resistance leading to subsequent component failure. An electroplated finish for use in high reliability electronic connectors has been developed which can withstand 200°C for more than 2000 hours with no measurable changes in contact resistance.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Contact resistance data is presented for several common precious metal finishes, including two palladium-based finishes, shown to be extremely stable at 200°C for at least 2000 hours. The contact resistance was measured at dry circuit conditions according to ASTM B667-92, <i>Standard Practice for Construction and Use of a Probe for Measuring Electrical Contact Resistance</i>, at 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 N (25, 50, 75 and 100 grams) loads.</div>
Study on the Interaction between Poly(vinyl alcohol) Containing Silanol Groups at Side Chains and Inorganic Substances. (1994)

まずシラノール基を含有するポリビニアルコール(シラン変性PVA)の水溶液中での無機物への吸着を調べた.勝光山粘土,ケイ酸カルシウムおよびアルミナではPVA中のシラノール基含有量が増す之吸着量は増大した.その際,水スラリーの粘度上昇あるいはゲル化が認められた.次に無機物粒子と少量のシラン変性PVAとからなる複合材の性質を調べた.これらの水スラリーを乾燥して得たシートの耐水性は,粒子径の大きな砂では吸水率が低く,砂中の空隙への水の浸透が少ないのに対し,粒子径の小さい粘土では吸水率が大きく,水は空隙を拡げて存在していた.砂表面にシラン変性PVA水溶液を散布して乾燥すると,水の浸透が著しく小さくなることがわかった.透水係数は土・砂類の中で小さいとされる粘土のそれに比べて10-4小さいものであった.シラン変性PVA水溶液をガラス板およびアルミナ板上で流延したフィルムの基板に対する接着力は通常のPVA系に比べて著しく大きかった.これらの結果は土・砂などの無機物表面に存在する水酸化ケイ素あるいは水酸化アルミニウムとPVA中のシラノール基との反応およびPVA同士の橋かけ反応に基づくと推定した.