gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Human Placenta Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells to Human Herpesviruses Infection (2013)

Fetal membranes (FM) derived mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) are higher in number, expansion and differentiation abilities compared with those obtained from adult tissues, including bone marrow. Upon systemic administration, ex vivo expanded FM-MSCs preferentially home to damaged tissues promoting regenerative processes through their unique biological properties. These characteristics together with their immune-privileged nature and immune suppressive activity, a low infection rate and young age of placenta compared to other sources of SCs make FM-MSCs an attractive target for cell-based therapy and a valuable tool in regenerative medicine, currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In the present study we investigated the permissivity of FM-MSCs to all members of the human Herpesviridae family, an issue which is relevant to their purification, propagation, conservation and therapeutic use, as well as to their potential role in the vertical transmission of viral agents to the fetus and to their potential viral vector-mediated genetic modification. We present here evidence that FM-MSCs are fully permissive to infection with Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), and Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV), but not with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Human Herpesvirus-6, 7 and 8 (HHV-6, 7, 8) although these viruses are capable of entering FM-MSCs and transient, limited viral gene expression occurs. Our findings therefore strongly suggest that FM-MSCs should be screened for the presence of herpesviruses before xenotransplantation. In addition, they suggest that herpesviruses may be indicated as viral vectors for gene expression in MSCs both in gene therapy applications and in the selective induction of differentiation.
Reactivation of Unstable Angina after the Discontinuation of Heparin (1992)

Although heparin is beneficial in treating unstable angina, the disease process may be reactivated within hours of the discontinuation of this drug. Concomitant therapy with aspirin may prevent this withdrawal phenomenon.
Existence of transient functional double-stranded DNA intermediates during recombinant AAV transduction (2007)

Previous studies have documented that 0.1 approximately 1% of input recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors could be stabilized and lead to transgene expression. To characterize the steps involving massive AAV DNA loss, we designed an"AAV footprinting" strategy that can track newly formed AAV dsDNA genomes. This strategy is based on an ROSA26R mouse model or cell line that carries a lacZ gene flanked by two loxP sites. When it is transduced by a rAAV vector carrying the Cre recombinase, the lacZ gene can be activated and remain active even when rAAV genomes are later lost. By using this sensitive AAV footprinting technique, we confirmed the existence of transient AAV dsDNA that went undetected by conventional DNA methods. Although these dsDNA intermediates could be efficiently formed in almost every cell and were competent for mRNA transcription and protein synthesis in vivo, they got lost continuously. Only a small fraction was eventually stabilized for sustained gene expression. Although both rAAV2 and rAAV8 can potentially have similar levels of dsDNA formation, AAV8 dsDNA was formed much faster than that of AAV2, which explains why rAAV8 is more efficient than rAAV2 in transducing the liver. Collectively, our studies suggested that rather than receptor binding, viral entry, and ssDNA to dsDNA conversion, the instability of newly formed AAV dsDNA was the primary contributing factor for the low rAAV transduction efficacy. The uncoating step significantly influenced the stability of AAV transient dsDNA. The identification of transient AAV dsDNA provided a new pathway for improving rAAV transduction.
A new in vitro cell line established from human oat cell carcinoma of the lung. (1977)

A new tissue culture line, OAT-1975, has been established from explant cultures of human oat cell carcinoma of the lung, characterized and maintained for more than 1 year. The cells grew in a monolayered sheet with 24 hr of population-doubling time and are capable of clonal growth with about 60% plating efficiency. The cells still retain unique morphological and structural characteristics of oat cell carcinoma and showed "tumor takes" when transplanted into nude mice and conditioned young Syrian Golden hamsters. The chromosome constitution of the cells is hypertriploid with a modal peak at 74. The permanent growth integrity of the present cell line made it possible to utilize it for cell biological studies. Cell inactivation experiments indicated that the cells are sensitive to X-rays and Mitomycin C when compared to the responses of HeLa S3 cells.
QSAR and Pharmacophore Study of Dyrk1A Inhibitory Meridianin Analogs as Potential Agents for Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) is a protein kinase with diverse functions in neuronal development and adult brain physiology. Elevated levels of Dyrk1A are associated with the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases and have been implicated in some neurobiological alterations of Down syndrome, such as mental retardation. Meridianins are marine derived indole alkaloids exhibiting anti-proliferative activity as well as are known to inhibit panel of kinases. In the present article, a descriptor based QSAR study was carried out for a series of meridianin analogs inhibiting Dyrk1A to find out structural features which are crucial for biological activity. Developed QSAR model showed good correlation coefficient (r > 0.9), higher F value (F > 20) and excellent predictive power (r2 cv and r2 pred > 0.6). Activity of naturally occurring meridianins was also predicted using developed model. The study indicated that kier Chi4 path/cluster, total lipole, VAMP polarization ZZ component, dipole moment Z component and log P plays important role in Dyrk1A inhibition. Further analysis of pharmacophore model using PHASE module of Schrodinger revealed that two hydrogen bond acceptors (A), two hydrogen bond donors (D) and two hydrophobic aromatic rings (R) are crucial molecular features that predict binding affinity for meridianins to the Dyrk1A enzyme. These observations provide important insights to the key structural requirements of meridianins for potent Dyrk1A inhibition. Excellent statistical results of developed models strongly suggest that these models are reasonable for prediction of the activity of new inhibitors and in future drug design.
Gelation of Whey Protein Concentrate−Cassava Starch in Acidic Conditions (1999)

Whey protein concentrate (WPC)-cassava starch (CS) gels were prepared by heating WPC-CS dispersions (0-12.5% protein-0-4.2% starch, w/w; pH 3.75 and 4.2). Gels were characterized by measures of water-holding capacity (WHC), estimation of the relative size and/or density distribution of the gel particles, and light microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of WPC-CS dispersions was also performed. Results show that CS increased the WHC of gels. Mixed gels presented separate zones of gelatinized starch and aggregated protein and a higher proportion of large/high-density particles. DSC assays showed that starch gelatinization preceded protein denaturation during heating. Starch gelatinization shifted to higher temperatures in dispersions containing WPC, due to the presence of whey proteins, lactose, and calcium.
Testing machine learning based systems: a systematic mapping (2020)

Abstract Context: A Machine Learning based System (MLS) is a software system including one or more components that learn how to perform a task from a given data set. The increasing adoption of MLSs in safety critical domains such as autonomous driving, healthcare, and finance has fostered much attention towards the quality assurance of such systems. Despite the advances in software testing, MLSs bring novel and unprecedented challenges, since their behaviour is defined jointly by the code that implements them and the data used for training them. Objective: To identify the existing solutions for functional testing of MLSs, and classify them from three different perspectives: (1) the context of the problem they address, (2) their features, and (3) their empirical evaluation. To report demographic information about the ongoing research. To identify open challenges for future research. Method: We conducted a systematic mapping study about testing techniques for MLSs driven by 33 research questions. We followed existing guidelines when defining our research protocol so as to increase the repeatability and reliability of our results. Results: We identified 70 relevant primary studies, mostly published in the last years. We identified 11 problems addressed in the literature. We investigated multiple aspects of the testing approaches, such as the used/proposed adequacy criteria, the algorithms for test input generation, and the test oracles. Conclusions: The most active research areas in MLS testing address automated scenario/input generation and test oracle creation. MLS testing is a rapidly growing and developing research area, with many open challenges, such as the generation of realistic inputs and the definition of reliable evaluation metrics and benchmarks.
Ductility of 6XXX aluminum alloys at high temperature. (2003)

Al–Mg–Si alloys have recently been used for both automotive body sheet panel in order for weight saving. However, this is partially caused by poor press formability in these alloys, though both specific stiffness and strength are sufficiently high. In this paper, the high temperature characteristics of two kinds of 6XXX aluminum alloy rolled sheets in T4 condition have been investigated with special reference to the applicability to superplastic forming. Constant cross head speed tensile tests were conducted at temperature and initial strain rate ranging from 623 K to 803 K and from 1×10−5s−1 to 1×10−1s−1, respectively. The total elongation vs. strain rate diagram has a minimum of 150% near the strain rate 1×10−3s−1 both at 773 K and at 803 K. It is to be noted that the dominant deformation mechanism changes from grain boundary sliding in lower strain rate range to transgranular deformation in higher strain rate range. Total elongation increases rapidly with decrease in strain rate resulting in superplastic elongation more than 300%. The deformation mechanism is discussed on the basis of rate controlling processes. The anisotropy in ductility is also examined.
Dependency Parsing with an Extended Finite-State Approach (2003)

This article presents a dependency parsing scheme using an extended finite-state approach. The parser augments input representation with “channels” so that links representing syntactic dependency relations among words can be accommodated and iterates on the input a number of times to arrive at a fixed point. Intermediate configurations violating various constraints of projective dependency representations such as no crossing links and no independent items except sentential head are filtered via finite-state filters. We have applied the parser to dependency parsing of Turkish.
Network traffic anomaly detection based on growing hierarchical SOM (2013)

Network anomaly detection aims to detect patterns in a given network traffic data that do not conform to an established normal behavior. Distinguishing different anomaly patterns from large amount of data can be a challenge, let alone visualizing them in a comparative perspective. Recently, the unsupervised learning method such as the K-means [3], self-organizing map (SOM) [2], and growing hierarchical self-organizing map (GHSOM) [1] have been shown to be able to facilitate network anomaly detection [4][5]. However, there is no study addressing both mining and detecting task. This study leverages the advantage of GHSOM to analyze the network traffic data and visualize the distribution of attack patterns with hierarchical relationship. In the mining stage, the geometric distances between each pattern and its descriptive information are revealed in the topological space. The density and the sample size of each node can help to detect anomalous network traffic. In the detecting stage, this study extends the traditional GHSOM and uses the support vector machine (SVM) [6] to classify network traffic data into the predefined categories. The proposed approach achieves (1) help understand the behaviors of anomalous network traffic data (2) provide effective classification rule to facilitate network anomaly detection and (3) accumulate network anomaly detection knowledge for both mining and detecting purpose. The public dataset and the private dataset are used to evaluate the proposed approach. The expected result is to confirm that the proposed approach can help understand network traffic data, and the detecting mechanism is effective for identifying anomalous behavior.
Decorin treatment for reversing trabecular meshwork fibrosis in open-angle glaucoma (2016)

In this perspective,we discuss the use of an anti-fibrotic agent Decorin to treat established fibrosis associated with glaucoma originally published by Hill et al.(2015).Glaucoma describes a group of progressive optic neuropathies that have the potential to cause irreversible blindness,for which
Cross Metathesis Assisted Solid-Phase Synthesis of Glycopeptoids (2012)

A solid-phase synthesis of glycopeptoids was explored through olefin cross metathesis (CM). Peptoids and sugar derivatives with appropriate olefin moieties were coupled in the presence of an olefin metathesis catalyst to afford glycopeptoids in good yields. This systematic solid-phase CM study can provide facile access to the molecular sources of glycopeptidomimetics and postchemical modifications on various molecular scaffolds.
Regularization on Graphs with Function-adapted Diffusion Processes (2008)

Harmonic analysis and diffusion on discrete data has been shown to lead to state-of-the-art algorithms for machine learning tasks, especially in the context of semi-supervised and transductive learning. The success of these algorithms rests on the assumption that the function(s) to be studied (learned, interpolated, etc.) are smooth with respect to the geometry of the data. In this paper we present a method for modifying the given geometry so the function(s) to be studied are smoother with respect to the modified geometry, and thus more amenable to treatment using harmonic analysis methods. Among the many possible applications, we consider the problems of image denoising and transductive classification. In both settings, our approach improves on standard diffusion based methods.
A Kinetic Study of Alkylation by Ethyl Arylsulfonates (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Kinetic Study of Alkylation by Ethyl ArylsulfonatesMarcus S. Morgan and Leonard H. CretcherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1, 375–378Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01181a116https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01181a116research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views655Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tax Optimization of Municipal Bond Portfolios: <i>Investment Selection and Tax Rate Arbitrage</i> (2018)

This article considers how to improve the after-tax performance of a municipal bond portfolio by using tax-beneficial selling strategies. These strategies include tax loss harvesting (selling a bond at a price below the investor’s tax basis), applicable when interest rates increase, and tax rate arbitrage (paying tax earlier at a relatively low long-term capital gains rate, rather than at maturity at a much higher rate), applicable when rates decline. A tax-beneficial selling opportunity is a free investor-specific option, acquired automatically at the time of purchase. The combination of tax loss harvesting and rate arbitrage opportunities provides a straddle. The embedded tax option in a portfolio can be valued using option-adjusted spread–based bond analytics. Astute investors should maximize the value of the tax option in their portfolios, subject to the usual portfolio profile constraints. The author shows that bonds purchased near par are poorly suited for tax management and that dynamic tax management can improve the expected annual after-tax return by 20 to 30 bps. <b>TOPICS:</b>Fixed income and structured finance, portfolio construction, performance measurement, legal/regulatory/public policy
Low-Noise Pulsed Pre-Polarization Magnet Systems for Ultra-Low Field NMR (2010)

A liquid cooled, pulsed electromagnet of solenoid configuration suitable for duty in an ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance system has been designed, fabricated and successfully operated. The magnet design minimizes Johnson noise, minimizes the hydrogen signal and incorporates minimal metal and no ferromagnetic materials. In addition, an acoustically quiet cooling system permitting 50% duty cycle operation was achieved by designing for single-phase, laminar flow, forced convection cooling. Winding, conductor splicing and epoxy impregnation techniques were successfully developed to produce a coil winding body with integral cooling passageways and adequate structural integrity. Issues of material compatibility, housing, coolant flow system and heat rejection system design will be discussed. Additionally, this pulsed electromagnet design has been extended to produce a boiling liquid cooled version in a paired solenoid configuration suitable for duty in an ultra-low field nuclear magnetic resonance system. This pair of liquid nitrogen cooled coils is currently being tested and commissioned. Issues of material compatibility, thermal insulation, thermal contraction, housing and coolant flow design are discussed.
Organizational Transitions: Managing Complex Change (1977)

1. Managing Complex Change. 2. The Demand System: Forces in the Environment. 3. Dynamics of Organizations: Where Change Occurs. 4. The Change Process: Why Change? 5. Defining the Future State. 6. Assessing the Present: Benchmarks for Change. 7. Getting from Here to There: Transition Management. 8. A Case Study. 9. Commitment Planning and Strategies. 10. Managing Complexity.
Charge-transfer theory of surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy: Herzberg–Teller contributions (1986)

A comprehensive development of the charge-transfer theory of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is presented. We incorporate the Herzberg–Teller mixing of zero-order Born–Oppenheimer electronic states by means of vibronic interaction terms in the Hamiltonian. This is similar to the theory of Tang and Albrecht12 except that we include metal states as part of a molecule–metal system. When this is done we may no longer discard a term involving mixing of ground-state vibrations. The theory is comprehensive in that both molecule-to-metal and metal-to-molecule transfer is considered. Furthermore, both Franck–Condon and Herzberg–Teller contributions to the intensity are obtained. The former, however, contribute only to the intensity of totally symmetric vibrations, while the latter contribute to nontotally symmetric vibrations as well. Since overtones are observed in SERS only weakly if at all, the Herzberg–Teller terms are most consistent with experimental findings. The resulting formulas may be interpreted as a type of resonance Raman effect in which intensity for the charge transfer transitions is borrowed from an allowed molecular transition. We may also carry out the sum over metal states. This procedure predicts a logarithmic resonance at the Fermi level of the metal. We thus predict intensity vs voltage profiles such as I ∝ ‖ln(ωFI−ω+iΓ)‖2 which fits the experimental curves quite well.
Redox Regulation in the Extracellular Environment (2007)

The oxidizing nature of the extracellular environment is vastly different from the highly reducing nature of the intracellular compartment. The redox potential of the cytosolic compartment of the intracellular environment limits disulfide bond formation, whereas the oxidizing extracellular environment contains proteins rich in disulfide bonds. If not for an extracellular antioxidant system to eliminate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation would become excessive, resulting in cellular damage. Many reviews have focused on the role of intracellular antioxidants in the elimination of oxidative stress, but this one will focus on the coordinated action of both intracellular and extracellular antioxidants in limiting cellular oxidant stress.
Mechanism of action of a lipophilic derivative of salicylic acid on normal skin (1995)

Salicylic acid, and more markedly its lipophilic derivative (LSA), appear to have a significative effect on the renewal of the living epidermis. This probably explains the cosmetic improvement of the skin obtained after a 1-month treatment with a cream containing this new molecule.
Radio frequency noise measurements and models for indoor wireless communications at 918 MHz, 2.44 GHz, and 4.0 GHz (2002)

The authors describe average and impulsive noise measurements inside several office buildings and retail stores. The receiver had a 70 dB dynamic range and operated at 918 MHz, 2.44 GHz, and 4.0 GHz with a nominal 40 MHz 3 dB RF bandwidth. Omni-directional and directional antennas were used to investigate the characteristics and sources of RF noise in indoor channels. Statistical analyses of the measurements are presented in the form of noise level distributions, amplitude probability distributions, pulse duration distributions, and interarrival time distributions. These analyses indicate that photocopiers, printers (line printers and cash register receipt printers), elevators, and microwave ovens are significant sources of impulsive noise in office and retail environments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Gene Therapy of Cancer (2009)

Despite various difficulties, the field of gene therapy, particularly with regard to cancer, has accumulated a tremendous amount of vital pre-clinical and clinical data. "Gene Therapy of Cancer: Metho