gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular, cellular and physiological characterization of the cancer cachexia-inducing C26 colon carcinoma in mouse (2010)

We conclude, on the basis of the definition of cachexia, that ectopically-implanted C26 carcinoma represents a well standardized experimental model for research on cancer cachexia. We wish to point out that scientists using the C26 model to study cancer and those using the same model to study cachexia may be unaware of each other's works because they use different keywords; we present strategies to eliminate this gap and discuss the benefits of such an exchange of knowledge.
Dicationic ionic liquids as lubricants (2012)

Twelve dicationic ionic liquids have been investigated for their potential inlubricants. The dications selected were synthesized from oligoethylene glycols linking two cationic moieties based on either N-methylimidazolium or N-methylpyrrolidinium at the extremities. As anions, chloride, bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Tf 2 N), methanesulfonate and butansulfonate were chosen. Thermal stability of the IL has been evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showing good properties up to 150 °C for all IL. SRV tribotests of neat IL using steel–steel contacts with ball-on-disc geometry were performed at 50 °C, 100 °C and 150 °C. Friction and wear were significantly influenced by both anion structure and chain length of the oligoethylene glycol moiety where longer chains yielded better tribological behavior. The tribological behavior improved with a mixture of different types of ILcontaining F, O, S in their anions. A large variation of ionic liquids corrosiveness and corrosion inhibition, respectively, was found attributed to structure variation. A general tendencyof improving the corrosion resistance when increasing the chain length of the neat ILshas been found. In addition to the neat dicationic ionic liquids, mixtures of 1% of the mostinteresting IL in polypropylene glycol base oil have been studied at 100 °C resulting in more favorable tribological properties for ionic liquids with Tf2N anion. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis showed that the structures with Tf 2 N anion create a tribofilm of inorganic fluorine that greatly improves the performance of the base oil.
Transfer Functions of One-Dimensional Distributed Parameter Systems (1992)

Distributed parameter systems describe many important physical processes. The transfer function of a distributed parameter system contains all information required to predict the system spectrum, the system response under any initial and external disturbances, and the stability of the system response. This paper presents a new method for evaluating transfer functions for a class of one-dimensional distributed parameter systems. The system equations are cast into a matrix form in the Laplace transform domain. Through determination of a fundamental matrix, the system transfer function is precisely evaluated in closed form. The method proposed is valid for both self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint systems, and is extremely convenient in computer coding. The method is applied to a damped, axially moving beam with different boundary conditions.
Accelerating String Set Matching in FPGA Hardware for Bioinformatics Research (2008)

Experimental results show storage efficiencies of over 80% for several data sets. Furthermore, the FPGA implementation executing at 100 MHz is nearly 20 times faster than an implementation of the traditional Aho-Corasick algorithm executing on a 2.67 GHz workstation.
Strategies for employing surface plasmons in near-field optical readout systems (2006)

The enhanced transmission of light through subwavelength-size holes in a metal plate is well-known to be associated with surface plasmons. We have undertaken a systematic theoretical study of several strategies for applying these plasmon effects in a near-field optical readout system using an exact Green's tensor formulation. Based on the results of our simulations with light of wavelength lambda = 500 nm, data structures separated by 120 nm could be clearly resolved, and asymmetries of about +/-10 nm in the optical readout system could be tolerated without serious degradation of the performance. Advantages and disadvantages of each strategy are discussed.
Challenges and opportunities for faecal microbiota transplantation therapy (2013)

The incidence, morbidity, and mortality associated with Clostridium difficile gastrointestinal infections has increased greatly over recent years, reaching epidemic proportions; a trend due, in part, to the emergence of hypervirulent and antibiotic-resistant strains. The need to identify alternative, non-antibiotic, treatment strategies is therefore urgent. The ability of bacteria in faecal matter transplanted from healthy individuals to displace pathogen populations is well recognized. Further, there is growing evidence that such faecal microbiota transplantation can be of benefit in a wide range of conditions associated with gut dysbiosis. Recent technical advances have greatly increased our ability to understand the processes that underpin the beneficial changes in bacterial community composition, as well as to characterize their extent and duration. However, while much of the research into faecal microbiota transplantation focuses currently on achieving clinical efficacy, the potential for such therapies to contribute to the transmission of infective agents also requires careful consideration.
Nonlinear phonocardiographic Signal Processing (2008)

The aim of this thesis work has been to develop signal analysis methods for a computerized cardiac auscultation system, the intelligent stethoscope. In particular, the work focuses on classification and interpretation of features derived from the phonocardiographic (PCG) signal by using advanced signal processing techniques. The PCG signal is traditionally analyzed and characterized by morphological properties in the time domain, by spectral properties in the frequency domain or by nonstationary properties in a joint time-frequency domain. The main contribution of this thesis has been to introduce nonlinear analysis techniques based on dynamical systems theory to extract more information from the PCG signal. Especially, Takens' delay embedding theorem has been used to reconstruct the underlying system's state space based on the measured PCG signal. This processing step provides a geometrical interpretation of the dynamics of the signal, whose structure can be utilized for both system characterization and classification as well as for signal processing tasks such as detection and prediction. In this thesis, the PCG signal's structure in state space has been exploited in several applications. Change detection based on recurrence time statistics was used in combination with nonlinear prediction to remove obscuring heart sounds from lung sound recordings in healthy test subjects. Sample entropy and mutual information were used to assess the severity of aortic stenosis (AS) as well as mitral insufficiency (MI) in dogs. A large number of, partly nonlinear, features was extracted and used for distinguishing innocent murmurs from murmurs caused by AS or MI in patients with probable valve disease. Finally, novel work related to very accurate localization of the first heart sound by means of ECG-gated ensemble averaging was conducted. In general, the presented nonlinear processing techniques have shown considerably improved results in comparison with other PCG based techniques. In modern health care, auscultation has found its main role in primary or in home health care, when deciding if special care and more extensive examinations are required. Making a decision based on auscultation is however difficult, why a simple tool able to screen and assess murmurs would be both time- and cost-saving while relieving many patients from needless anxiety. In the emerging field of telemedicine and home care, an intelligent stethoscope with decision support abilities would be of great value.
The Development and Properties of an Adsorbent for Uranium (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Development and Properties of an Adsorbent for UraniumLeslie A. McClaine, Paul Noble, and Edward P. BullwinkelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1958, 62, 3, 299–303Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150561a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j150561a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views56Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Substrate Recognition Role for the [4Fe-4S]<sup>2+</sup> Cluster of the DNA Repair Glycosylase MutY (1998)

The Escherichia coli DNA repair enzyme MutY plays an important role in the recognition and repair of 7, 8-dihydro-8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine: 2'-deoxyadenosine (OG:A) mismatches in DNA [Michaels et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. A. 89, 7022-7025]. MutY prevents mutations due to misincorporation of A opposite OG during DNA replication by removing the adenine base. This enzyme has significant sequence homology with the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster-containing DNA repair enzyme, endonuclease III [Michaels et al. (1990) Nucleic AcidsRes. 18, 3841-3845]. In the present study, we have investigated the importance of cluster assembly in folding of MutY. MutY was denatured and then refolded in the presence or absence of ferrous and sulfide ions. Denatured MutY can refold in the presence of ferrous and sulfide ions to provide active enzyme. This suggests the cluster can self-assemble and that this process is facile in vitro. Interestingly, CD spectra and Tm measurements of MutY refolded with and without ferrous and sulfide ions are essentially identical, implying that assembly of the cluster is not required for MutY folding. Additionally, Tm measurements indicated that the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster does not contribute significantly to the overall thermal stability of MutY. Refolded forms of MutY which lack the cluster are unable to perform the adenine glycosylase function and bind to DNA. However, these inactive folded forms regain activity by addition of ferrous and sulfide ions. This indicates that the Fe-S cluster may have a superficial location, allowing for its assembly after folding. More importantly, these results provide evidence that the presence of the [4Fe-4S]2+ cluster is critical for the specific recognition of substrate DNA necessary for the adenine glycosylase activity of MutY.
Multiple Fault Detection for Combinational Logic Circuits (1975)

An algorithm for generating test sets to detect all the multiple stuck-at-faults in combinational logic circuits is presented. This algorithm generates a test set using a set of functions, called representative functions, which consists of much fewer functions than all possible multiple stuck-at fault functions, but is sufficient for test generation. Two different methods of finding such a set of representative functions are presented. The test sets derived from the set of representative functions obtained by the first method will be smaller than that by the second method, but the second method is much simpler than the first especially for highly redundant circuits. Nevertheless, the complexity of this algorithm using the first method is about the same as that of Bossen and Hong's algorithm which is the simplest existing algorithm under the multiple stuck-at fault assumption, and yet the number of tests in a test set generated will always be smaller for redundant circuits and the same for irredundant circuits as that generated by Bossen and Hong's algorithm for irredundant circuits.
Estimation of Skid Numbers from Surface Texture Parameters in the Rational Design of Standard Reference Pavements for Test Equipment Calibration (1974)

Abstract Accurate measurement of highway skid resistance has required the application of appropriate reference standards for the calibration of locked wheel skid trailers [ASTM Test for Skid Resistance of Paved Surfaces Using a Full-Scale Tire (E 274-70)] used as test equipment. This investigation was concerned with the development of criteria needed for the design of primary standard reference pavement surfaces. A review of previous research indicated that the pavement variables influencing tire-pavement friction should be expressed in terms of six surface texture parameters. Pavement macrotexture, with characteristic dimensions between 2 and 16 mm, was expressed in terms of asperity size, spacing, and shape. The remaining three parameters, which described asperities with characteristic dimensions less than 2 mm, were expressed as microtexture size, spacing, and shape. Published studies indicated that surface texture influenced wet tire-pavement friction through water drainage, hysteresis losses in the tire, and adhesion in the tread contact area. Published equations relating pavement texture and firction have been derived on the basis of oversimplified models and, thus, required considerable experimental support to be applicable to the design of reference pavement surfaces. In particular, the theory treating the effect of surface microtexture on the adhesion component of friction was found to be incomplete, both analytically and experimentally. A parametric study of the effect of pavement texture on skid number, comprising laboratory experiments with model pavement surfaces, offers new insight to a solution of the problem.
Parametric Time‐Frequency Domain Spatial Audio (2017)

This book provides readers with the principles and best practices in spatial audio signal processing. It describes how sound fields and their perceptual attributes are captured and analyzed within the time-frequency domain, how essential representation parameters are coded, and how such signals are efficiently reproduced for practical applications. The book is split into four parts starting with an overview of the fundamentals. It then goes on to explain the reproduction of spatial sound before offering an examination of signal-dependent spatial filtering. The book finishes with coverage of both current and future applications and the direction that spatial audio research is heading in. Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio focuses on applications in entertainment audio, including music, home cinema, and gaming--covering the capturing and reproduction of spatial sound as well as its generation, transduction, representation, transmission, and perception. This book will teach readers the tools needed for such processing, and provides an overview to existing research. It also shows recent up-to-date projects and commercial applications built on top of the systems. * Provides an in-depth presentation of the principles, past developments, state-of-the-art methods, and future research directions of spatial audio technologies * Includes contributions from leading researchers in the field * Offers MATLAB codes with selected chapters An advanced book aimed at readers who are capable of digesting mathematical expressions about digital signal processing and sound field analysis, Parametric Time-frequency Domain Spatial Audio is best suited for researchers in academia and in the audio industry.\\
Numerical Calculations of Multi-Channel Receiver Coil Array with High-Pass Spoke Coil for Parallel MRI (2019)

The proposed study reports the design and testing of spoke coil (SC), that compensates for the degradation in the g-factor that is caused by the insufficient sensitivity of the coil array along the main magnetic field direction. Electromagnetic (EM) simulations were performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed coil in a 7-T MRI system. 25-channel surface loop array and short dipole array containing SC or circular loop coil (LC) on the top of the phantom are 3D modeled. The SENSE g-factor and SNR of coil arrays are calculated and evaluated, and the quality factor (Q), scaling factor (α), and noise-corelated resistance (R) are considered. The directed effective magnetic field (B1−) generated by the SC improves the g-factor by compensating for the insufficient sensitivity information gathered by the array. However, this arrangement should be optimized to increase the available sensitivity information, depending on the type and structure of the coil elements in the array.
An Angiotensin Converting-Enzyme Inhibitor to Identify and Treat Vasoconstrictor and Volume Factors in Hypertensive Patients (1974)

The antihypertensive action of nonapeptide competitive inhibitor of angiotensin-1-converting enzyme was evaluated in 13 hypertensive patients. In 12 a single injection (1 to 4 mg per kilogram) induced an immediate antihypertensive effect that lasted, depending on dose, up to 16 hours. Mean diastolic pressures (±S.E.) fell from 126±3 to 101±4 mm Hg. Plasma renin increased and aldosterone fell. Five patients, whose mean diastolic pressure fell 26 mm Hg but not to normal, were then sodium depleted. A mean loss of 187 mEq lowered diastolic pressure only 2 mm Hg. However, readministration of the nonapeptide then lowered diastolic pressure by 36 mm Hg. This synergism suggests that compensatory angiotensin vasoconstriction is involved in diuretic ineffectiveness. Conversely, poor pressure responses to angiotensin blockade appear related to pre-existing hypervolemia, correctable by diuretics. Therefore, this drug can be used to quantify volume and vasoconstrictor factors in hypertension and to design therapy against the two. Its specificity, safety and capacity to reduce aldosterone suggest other uses in acute hypertensive situations. (N Engl J Med 291:817–821, 1974)
Adenovirus targeting to c-erbB-2 oncoprotein by single-chain antibody fused to trimeric form of adenovirus receptor ectodomain. (2002)

The use of adenovirus (Ad) vectors for cancer gene therapy applications is currently limited by several factors, including broad Ad tropism associated with the widespread expression of coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) in normal human tissues, as well as limited levels of CAR in tumor cells. To target Ad to relevant cell types, we have proposed using soluble CAR (sCAR) ectodomain fused with a ligand to block CAR-dependent native tropism and to simultaneously achieve infection through a novel receptor overexpressed in target cells. To confer Ad targeting capability on cancer cells expressing the c-erbB-2/HER-2/neu oncogene, we engineered a bispecific adapter protein, sCARfC6.5, that consisted of sCAR, phage T4 fibritin polypeptide, and C6.5 single-chain fragment variable (scFv) against c-erbB-2 oncoprotein. Incorporation of fibritin polypeptide provided trimerization of sCAR fusion proteins that, compared with monomeric sCAR protein, resulted in augmented affinity to Ad fiber knob domain and in increased ability to block CAR-dependent Ad infection. We demonstrated that sCARfC6.5 protein binds to cellular c-erbB-2 oncoprotein and mediates efficient Ad targeting via a CAR-independent pathway. As illustrated in cancer cell lines that overexpress c-erbB-2, targeted Ad, complexed with sCARfC6.5 adapter protein, provided from 1.5- to 17-fold enhancement of gene transfer compared with Ad alone and up to 130-fold increase in comparison with untargeted Ad complexed with sCARf control protein. The use of recombinant trimeric sCAR-scFv adapter proteins may augment Ad vector potency for targeting cancer cell types.
Detecting holes in point set surfaces (2006)

Models of non-trivial objects resulting from a 3d data acquisition process (e.g. Laser Range Scanning) often contain\nholes due to occlusion, reflectance or transparency. As point set surfaces are unstructured surface representations\nwith no adjacency or connectivity information, defining and detecting holes is a non-trivial task. In this paper we\ninvestigate properties of point sets to derive criteria for automatic hole detection. For each point, we combine several\ncriteria into an integrated boundary probability. A final boundary loop extraction step uses this probability and\nexploits additional coherence properties of the boundary to derive a robust and automatic hole detection algorithm.
Opioid Antagonist Naltrexone for the Treatment of Pathological Gambling in Parkinson Disease (2012)

The opioid antagonist naltrexone could be an effective option for the treatment of PG in PD.
Zinc and Chlamydia trachomatis (1985)

Zinc was noted to have significant effects upon the infection of McCoy cells by each of two strains of Chlamydia trachomatis. With a high or low Chlamydia inoculant, the number of infected cells increased up to 200% utilizing supplemental zinc (up to 1 X 10(-4) M) in the inoculation media compared with standard Chlamydia cultivation media (8 X 10(-6) M zinc). Ferric chloride and calcium chloride did not effect any such changes. Higher concentrations of zinc, after 2 hr of incubation with Chlamydia, significantly decreased the number of inclusions. This direct effect of zinc on the Chlamydia remained constant after further repassage of the Chlamydia without supplemental zinc, suggesting a lethal effect of the zinc. Supplemental zinc (up to 10(-4)M) may prove to be a useful addition to inoculation media to increase the yield of culturing for Chlamydia trachomatis. Similarly, topical or oral zinc preparations used by people may alter their susceptivity to Chlamydia trachomatis infections.
Selected technologies to control genes and their products for experimental and clinical purposes (2007)

"On-demand" regulation of gene expression is a powerful tool to elucidate the functions of proteins and biologically-active RNAs. We describe here three different approaches to the regulation of expression or activity of genes or proteins. Promoter-based regulation of gene expression was among the most rapidly developing techniques in the 1980s and 1990 s. Here we provide basic information and also some characteristics of the metallothionein-promoter-based system, the tet-off system, Muristerone-A-regulated expression through the ecdysone response element, RheoSwitch, coumermycin/novobiocin-regulated gene expression, chemical dimerizer-based promoter activation systems, the "Dual Drug Control" system, "constitutive androstane receptor"-based regulation of gene expression, and RU486/mifepristone-driven regulation of promoter activity. A large part of the review concentrates on the principles and usage of various RNA interference techniques (RNAi: siRNA, shRNA, and miRNA-based methods). Finally, the last part of the review deals with historically the oldest, but still widely used, methods of temperature-dependent regulation of enzymatic activity or protein stability (temperature-sensitive mutants). Due to space limitations we do not describe in detail but just mention the tet-regulated systems and also fusion-protein-based regulation of protein activity, such as estrogen-receptor fusion proteins. The information provided below is aimed to assist researchers in choosing the most appropriate method for the planned development of experimental systems with regulated expression or activity of studied proteins.