gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The isolation of salmonellae from the mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats and from other organs of poultry (1959)

1. The mesenteric lymph nodes and faeces of pigs, cattle, sheep, dogs and cats and the intestinal wall and other organs of chickens in Essex, England, have been examined for salmonellae. These animals were either healthy or were not suffering from clinical salmonella infection. 2. Salmonellae were isolated from the mesenteric lymph nodes of sixty (12%) of 500 pigs, nine (4·5%) of 200 dogs, five (2·5%) of 200 cats and none of 200 cattle and 100 sheep. None was found in the chickens. 3. One (0·5%) of the cats and one (0·5%) of the dogs and six (1·2%) of an additional 500 healthy pigs were excreting salmonellae in their faeces. 4. Of the seventeen serotypes found in pigs, Salm. typhi-murium, Salm. anatum and Salm. cholerae-suis occurred most frequently. 5. All strains of Salm. cholerae-suis were isolated in brilliant green MacConkey broth; selenite broth was unsuitable for this purpose. 6. Despite the high isolation rate from pigs, clinical salmonella infection was diagnosed relatively infrequently at this laboratory. Salm. cholerae-suis was isolated from only one of seventeen epidemiologically unrelated cases of necrotic enteritis in pigs. 7. The results are discussed from the public health and agricultural view points with particular regard to the part infected feedingstuffs may play in causing salmonella infection in animals. The expenses of the investigation were, in part, defrayed by grants from the Agricultural Research Council, whose help I gratefully acknowledge. I am grateful to Mr A. J. Harman and Miss Linda Kelly for their capable technical help and to Dr K. C. Sellers for useful suggestions made during the course of this work. I am also indebted to Dr Joan Taylor for typing all the salmonella cultures and to Mr L. G. Smart for collecting the lymph nodes from the cattle, sheep and pigs.
The Immunoregulatory Enzyme IDO Paradoxically Drives B Cell-Mediated Autoimmunity (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and debilitating inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology. As with a variety of autoimmune disorders, evidence of elevated tryptophan catabolism has been detected in RA patients indicative of activation of the immunomodulatory enzyme IDO. However, the role that IDO plays in the disease process is not well understood. The conceptualization that IDO acts solely to suppress effector T cell activation has led to the general assumption that inhibition of IDO activity should exacerbate autoimmune disorders. Recent results in cancer models, however, suggest a more complex role for IDO as an integral component of the inflammatory microenvironment necessary for supporting tumor outgrowth. This has led us to investigate the involvement of IDO in the pathological inflammation associated with RA. Using the K/BxN murine RA model and IDO inhibitor 1-methyl-tryptophan, we found that inhibiting IDO activity had the unexpected consequence of ameliorating, rather than exacerbating arthritis symptoms. 1-Methyl tryptophan treatment led to decreased autoantibody titers, reduced levels of inflammatory cytokines, and an attenuated disease course. This alleviation of arthritis was not due to an altered T cell response, but rather resulted from a diminished autoreactive B cell response, thus demonstrating a previously unappreciated role for IDO in stimulating B cell responses. Our findings raise the question of how an immunosuppressive enzyme can paradoxically drive autoimmunity. We suggest that IDO is not simply immunosuppressive, but rather plays a more complex role in modulating inflammatory responses, in particular those that are driven by autoreactive B cells.
Multi-frequency parameter mapping of electrical impedance scanning using two kinds of circuit model (2007)

Electrical impedance scanning (EIS) is a kind of potential bio-impedance measurement technology, especially aiding the diagnosis of breast cancer in women. By changing the frequency of the driving signal in turn while keeping the other conditions stable, multi-frequency measurement results on the object can be obtained. According to the least square method and circuit theory, the parameters in two models are deduced when measured with data at multiple driving frequencies. The arcs, in the real and imaginary parts of a trans-admittance coordinate, made by the evaluated parameters fit well the realistic data measured by our EIS device on female subjects. The Cole-Cole model in the form of admittance is closer to the measured data than the three-element model. Based on the evaluation of the multi-frequency parameters, we presented parameter mapping of EIS using two kinds of circuit model: one is the three-element model in the form of admittance and the other is the Cole-Cole model in the form of admittance. Comparing with classical admittance mapping at a single frequency, the multi-frequency parameter mapping will provide a novel vision to study EIS. The multi-frequency approach can provide the mappings of four parameters, which is helpful to identify different diseases with a similar characteristic in classical EIS mapping. From plots of the real and imaginary parts of the admittance, it is easy to make sure whether there exists abnormal tissue.
ATXOP: an adaptive TXOP based on the data rate to guarantee fairness for IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs (2005)

The IEEE 802.11e is an extension of the IEEE 802.11 to provide quality of service (QoS) to applications requiring real time services. However, when the IEEE 802.11e WLANs are used with the multi-rate scheme, they suffer an unfairness problem. In this paper, we propose a scheme called adaptive transmission opportunity (ATXOP) to solve the unfairness problem in the IEEE 802.11e networks adopting the multi-rate scheme. Our simulation results show that the proposed ATXOP scheme provides better fairness.
β-Blockers in Congestive Heart Failure: A Bayesian Meta-Analysis (2001)

beta-Blocker therapy is associated with clinically meaningful reductions in mortality and morbidity in patients with stable congestive heart failure and should be routinely offered to all patients similar to those included in trials.
Circadian variation in the frequency of sudden cardiac death. (1987)

To determine whether sudden cardiac death exhibits a circadian rhythm similar to that recently demonstrated for nonfatal myocardial infarction, we analyzed the time of day of sudden cardiac death as indicated by death certificates of 2203 individuals dying out of the hospital in Massachusetts in 1983. The data reveal a prominent circadian variation of sudden cardiac death, with a low incidence during the night and an increased incidence from 7 to 11 A.M. The pattern is remarkably similar to that reported for nonfatal myocardial infarction and episodes of myocardial ischemia. The finding that the frequency of sudden cardiac death is increased in the morning is compatible with hypotheses that sudden cardiac death results from ischemia or from a primary arrhythmic event. Further study of the physiologic changes occurring in the morning may provide new information supporting or refuting these hypotheses, thereby leading to increased understanding and possible prevention of sudden cardiac death.
Continuous-Wave Laser Action on Vibrational-Rotational Transitions of C<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1964)

We have obtained cw laser action on a number of rotational transitions of the ${{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{u}}^{+}\ensuremath{-}{{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}_{g}}^{+}$ vibrational band of C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ around 10.4 and 9.4\ensuremath{\mu}. The laser wavelengths are identified as the $P$-branch rotational transitions from $P(12)$ to $P(38)$ for the 00\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}1-10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}0 band and from $P(22)$ to $P(34)$ for the 00\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}1-02\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}0 band. Strongest laser transition occurs at 10.6324\ensuremath{\mu} (vacuum). A cw power output of about 1 mW has been measured. All these laser transitions can also be made to oscillate under pulsed discharge conditions with a small increase in the peak laser power output. No $R$-branch transitions have been seen to oscillate either under cw or pulsed discharge conditions. The wavelength measurements are in reasonable agreement with earlier measurement of the bands in absorption, but there are slight differences. These are ascribed to possible pressure-dependent frequency shift effects. A study has been made of the time dependence of the laser output under pulsed excitation, and some conclusions about possible excitation processes are given. Theoretical interpretation given earlier for laser action on vibrational-rotational transitions is discussed in a generalized form. The theory is applicable to both the linear polyatomic molecules and the diatomic molecules.
Speech emotion recognition based on HMM and SVM (2005)

Automatic emotion recognition in speech is a current research area with a wide range of applications in human-machine interactions. This paper uses two classification methods, the hidden Markov model (HMM) and the support vector machine (SVM), to classify five emotional states: anger, happiness, sadness, surprise and a neutral state. In the HMM method, 39 candidate instantaneous features were extracted, and the sequential forward selection (SFS) method was used to find the best feature subset. The classification performance of the selected feature subset was then compared with that of the Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC). Within the method based on SVM, a new vector measuring the difference between Mel frequency scale sub-bands energies is proposed. The performance of the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier using the proposed vector was also investigated. Both gender dependent and gender independent experiments were conducted on the Danish emotional speech (DES) database. The recognition rates by the HMM classifier were 98.9% for female subjects, 100% for male subjects, and 99.5% for gender independent cases. When the SVM classifier and the proposed feature vector were employed, correct classification rates of 89.4%, 93.6% and 88.9% were obtained for male, female and gender independent cases respectively.
Auditory network connectivity in tinnitus patients: A resting-state fMRI study (2013)

Auditory network connectivity does not appear to be reliably altered by the experience of chronic subjective tinnitus.
The metabolism of methylarsine oxide and sulfide (1989)

Abstract Methylarsine oxide and sulfide are more toxic to Candida humicola than arsenite; the sulfide is rapidly metabolized to trimethylarsine (Me 3 As) and methylarsine (MeAsH 2 ) and the oxide to dimethylarsinic acid [Me 2 AsO(OH)]. Cell‐free extracts of C. humicola also convert the oxide to Me 2 AsO(OH). The glutathione (RSH) derivative Me 2 AsSR is metabolized by C. humicola to Me 3 As and Me 2 AsH, but some other Me 2 AsSR′ compounds are unaffected. Studies involving the interaction of the arsenic(III) compounds with natural ecosystems and other micro‐organisms such as Scopulariopsis brevicaulis , Straptococcus sanguis , Escherichia coli , and Veillonella alcalescens are described.
Explanation of the limiting thickness observed in low-temperature silicon epitaxy (2000)

Solution of the partial differential equation for diffusion of mobile atoms during solid film growth demonstrates that the observed phase transition in low-temperature silicon epitaxy is triggered by supersaturation of the growing layer with hydrogen. The limiting thickness of the epitaxial layer, hepi, is completely determined by measurable quantities: the flux of hydrogen, the hydrogen diffusion coefficient, and the layer growth rate. Our model accounts for the observed Arrhenius and growth rate dependence of hepi.
Activation of Ruthenium Oxide, Iridium Oxide, and Mixed RuxIr1 − x Oxide Electrodes during Cathodic Polarization and Hydrogen Evolution (1997)

Ruthenium, iridium, and mixed ruthenium/iridium oxide layers on titanium substrates have been obtained by thermal decomposition of chloride solutions. The decomposition temperature of and was varied from 300 to 500°C and from 400 to 500°C, respectively. That on the mixed layer was kept constant at 400°C. For the mixed oxide electrode, the Ru content was varied over the whole compositional range. Current‐potential curves and cyclic voltammetry measurements were performed in 1 M . It is shown that such oxide layers can be activated through cathodic polarization, leading to an increase of the electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. The ratio between the current density at a given electrode potential before and after completion of the activation process or the ratio between the exchange current density before and after the completion of the activation process was used to quantify this activation phenomenon. Values as high as 100 have been observed in some cases, but typical values are around ten. Through a series of specific measurements and comparison with data taken from the literature, it is shown that this activation phenomenon is not related to an increase of the electrochemically active surface area as determined through cyclic voltammetry measurements. An explanation is proposed whereby H‐chemisorption within the oxide layer is ultimately responsible for the increase of the electrocatalytic activity of the oxide layer.
Microstructure and Mechanical Strength of Aluminum Titanate Ceramics Prepared from Synthesized Powders (1983)

粒径と遊離コランダム含有量が異なる3種類の合成チタン酸アルミニウム粉末を調製し, これらを原料として焼成体を作製し, 微構造と曲げ強さ, 熱膨張率との関係を検討した.得られた焼成体にドメイン組織は形成されていなかった. 粒径が大きく遊離コランダム量が少ない粉末の1500℃, 4h焼成体は, 平均粒径が3μm以上で多くの粒界にき裂が存在していた. 粒径が小さく遊離コランダム量が多い粉末を焼成した場合, 1500℃, 4h焼成体でも平均粒径は, 2.5μm以下であり, 粒界き裂は1300℃焼成体ではほとんど認められず, 1450℃, 1500℃焼成体でわずかに認められる程度であったが, 1400℃, 4h焼成体では粒内破壊を伴う大きなき裂が生じていた.平均粒径が2.5μm以下で粒界き裂の量が少なくなると曲げ強さが急に大きくなり, 1300℃, 8h焼成体で平均強度が約860kgf/cm2であった. このような高い強度を示した焼成体でも1000℃での膨張率が0.4%以下と低熱膨張性を保っていた. また遊離コランダムが共存することで, チタン酸アルミニウム粒子の成長が抑制されることが分った.
The ReaxFF Monte Carlo Reactive Dynamics Method for Predicting Atomistic Structures of Disordered Ceramics: Application to the Mo<sub>3</sub>VO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Catalyst (2009)

What's your occupation? The ReaxFF computational approach is used to resolve partial or mixed occupation of crystallographic sites of the Mo3VOx multimetal oxide (MMO) catalyst. It provides insight into the oxidation state and coordination environment of the metal sites, identifies donor–acceptor networks in the catalyst, and predicts selectivity for molecular diffusion into channels of the framework (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
In Vivo Kinematics of the Tibiotalar Joint After Lateral Ankle Instability (2009)

Altered kinematics may contribute to the degenerative changes observed with chronic lateral ankle instability. These findings might help to explain the degenerative changes frequently observed on the medial talus in patients with chronic ATFL insufficiency and so provide a baseline for improving ankle ligament reconstructions aimed at restoring normal joint motion.
Dicer-1 and R3D1-L catalyze microRNA maturation in <i>Drosophila</i> (2005)

In Drosophila melanogaster, Dicer-2/R2D2 and Dicer-1 generate small interfering RNA (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), respectively. Here we identify a novel dsRNA-binding protein, which we named R3D1-L, that forms a stable complex with Dicer-1 in vitro and in vivo. While depletion of R3D1-L by RNAi causes accumulation of precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) in S2 cells, recombinant R3D1-L enhances miRNA production by Dicer-1 in vitro. Furthermore, R3D1 deficiency causes miRNA-generating defect and severe sterility in male and female flies. Therefore, R3D1-L functions in concert with Dicer-1 in miRNA biogenesis and is required for reproductive development in Drosophila.
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (2005)

Percutaneous closure of PFO with or without ASA, under local anaesthesia and without echocardiographic guidance, is a safe and effective procedure which can be performed as a day-case. This has now become our standard clinical practice.
Role of tumor cell glycoproteins immunologically related to glycoproteins Ib and IIb/IIIa in tumor cell‐platelet and tumor cell‐matrix interactions (1988)

A panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against human platelet GpIb or the GpIIb/IIIa complex were used to detect immunologically related molecules on two cell lines derived from human solid tumors. Human cervical carcinoma (MS751) and human colon carcinoma (clone A) expressed molecules immunologically related to platelet GpIb and GpIIb/IIIa complex. These molecules were localized to their plasma membranes by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry. The immunologically related GpIb was evenly distributed on the tumor cell membrane with occasional areas of aggregates, whereas the immunologically related GpIIb/IIIa had a pronounced punctate distribution of aggregates in prefixed cells. When MS751 or clone A cells were pretreated with antibodies against platelet GpIb and/or the GpIIb/IIIa complex, their ability to induce platelet aggregation was significantly inhibited. In addition, when tumor cells were pretreated with antibodies against the platelet IIb/IIIa complex, adherence to fibronectin-coated plates was also significantly inhibited. These results suggest a role for these immunologically related tumor cell glycoproteins in tumor cell-host cell (i.e., platelet, endothelial cells) interactions, tumor cell interactions with components of the subendothelial matrix, and subsequent tumor metastasis.
Feasibility study of half- and full-bridge isolated DC/DC converters in high-voltage high-power applications (2008)

This paper discusses the half- and full-bridge DC/DC converter topologies for high-power (200 kW) high-voltage (3.6 kV) applications. Focus is on the primary part of these topologies, i.e. the feasibility of replacement of two high-voltage IGBTs in the full-bridge by two high-voltage film capacitors in the half-bridge. The implementation of a half-bridge topology will lead to a sufficient simplification of a power scheme layout as well as control and protection algorithms. The full-bridge topology gives a clear advantage of the twofold reduced current of inverter switches, thus providing a possibility of implementation of smaller devices for the same transferred power as compared to a half-bridge.
Fault detection, isolation and restoration using a multiagent-based Distribution Automation System (2009)

A multiagent-based Distribution Automation System (DAS) is developed for service restoration of distribution systems after a fault contingency. In this system, Remote Terminal Unit (RTU) agents, Main Transformer (MTR) agents, Feeder Circuit Breaker (FCB) agents, and Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU) agents of the Multiagent System (MAS) are used to derive the proper restoration plan after the faulted location is identified and isolated. To assure the restoration plan complies with operation regulation, heuristic rules based on standard operation procedures of Taipower's distribution system are included in the best first search of the MAS. For fault contingency during summer peak season when the capacity reserves of supporting feeders and main transformer are not enough to cover the fault restoration, load shedding scheme is derived for the MAS to restore service to as many key customers and loads as possible. A Taipower distribution system with 43 feeders is selected for computer simulation to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology. The results show that by applying the proposed multiagent-based DAS, service of distribution systems can be efficiently restored.
A Generic Intrusion Detection and Diagnoser System Based on Complex Event Processing (2011)

This work presents a generic Intrusion Detection and Diagnosis System, which implements a comprehensive alert correlation workflow for detection and diagnosis of complex intrusion scenarios in Large scale Complex Critical Infrastructures. The on-line detection and diagnosis process is based on an hybrid and hierarchical approach, which allows to detect intrusion scenarios by collecting diverse information at several architectural levels, using distributed security probes, as well as perform complex event correlation based on a Complex Event Processing Engine. The escalation process from intrusion symptoms to the identified target and cause of the intrusion is driven by a knowledge-base represented by an ontology. A prototype implementation of the proposed Intrusion Detection and Diagnosis framework is also presented.
Molecular determinants of adenovirus serotype 5 fibre binding to its cellular receptor CAR. (1999)

Adenovirus (Ad) tropism is mediated in part through the fibre protein. The common coxsackie B virus and Ad receptor (CAR) was recently identified as the major receptor for subgroup C Ad serotype 5 (Ad5) and serotype 2 (Ad2) fibres. Effects of mutations in the Ad5 fibre gene were studied to assess domains of the fibre capsomer that could alter virus tropism without altering virus assembly and replication. All mutants that accumulated as fibre monomers failed to assemble with a penton base and proved lethal for Ad5 which suggests that the absence of infectious virions resulted in part from a defect in fibre penton base assembly. Cell binding capacity of all fibre mutants was investigated in cell binding competition experiments with adenovirions using CHO-CAR cells (CHO cells that have been transfected with CAR cDNA and express functional CAR). The results suggest that the R-sheet of the Ad5 fibre knob monomer contains binding motifs for CAR and that beta-strands E and F, or a region close to them, may also be involved in receptor recognition.
A Potential Tunable Plasma Photonic Crystal: Applications of Atmospheric Patterned Gas Discharge (2009)

Various potential tunable plasma photonic crystals have been generated by self-organization in atmospheric dielectric barrier discharge with two liquid electrodes. These periodic plasma column lattices can be modulated both in space and time, which are promising for flexible electromagnetic wave controller or optional optical switch. A special square lattice with a base is obtained for the first time, in which three disparate dielectric constants are modulated periodically. In addition, the changes of the lattice constant <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</i> for diverse plasma column assemblies with the aspect ratios of discharge boundary <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</i> are studied.
Aspirin for Prevention of Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

In the Japan Atrial Fibrillation Stroke Trial (JAST), 1 aspirin at 150 to 200 mg per day does not seem to be either effective or safe for the prevention of stroke in patients with nonvalvular lone atrial fibrillation (AF). JAST is an important trial because many guidelines suggest that low risk patients with AF should be treated with aspirin, although the evidence, until recently, was limited.