gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-induced perfect light absorption in thin-film metasurfaces for structural coloring [Invited] (2019)

Heating reflective metals is known to produce a wide range of colors due to oxidation of the metal surface. In fact, the most vibrant colors used in the pre-industrial era came from oxides, acetates and carbonates of metal ores and minerals. In this work, we show that heating low reflectivity metals, e.g., Ni and Ti, creates structural colors through perfect light absorption. We tune the absorption across the visible and NIR spectrum by changing the heating duration and, consequently, the oxide thickness. We demonstrate experimentally angle-insensitive perfect and near-perfect absorption in the visible and NIR regimes up to ±60∘. The absorption is insensitive to the incidence angle due to the relatively high refractive index of the formed oxides, which create iridescent free coloration. We demonstrate that the oxide layer thickness, with refractive index n, is <λ/4n due to non-trivial phase change at the oxide/metal interfaces, which makes these systems the simplest example of meta-surfaces based on thin films. The results show that oxidized metals can have applications beyond producing vibrant colors.
Raman scattering from ion-implanted silicon (1985)

Raman spectroscopy has been used to study structural disorder in silicon implanted with phosphorus and boron ions. Line-shape asymmetry of the one-phonon mode and the oscillator strength of the two-phonon combination spectra are used to characterize the disorder. This analysis permits a rough identification of the threshold for formation of microcrystallites embedded in an amorphous continuum.
Advanced characterization of a W-band phase shifter based on liquid crystals and MEMS technology (2012)

In this paper, we present a continuously tunable phase shifter realized in MEMS technology. Varactors with liquid crystal as a tunable dielectric layer underneath gold bridges are used to build a loaded line phase shifter. Measurements show that the phase shifter has a differential phase shift of 92°, a figure of merit (FoM) of 42°/dB and an input matching of −19 dB at 76 GHz.The tuning speed of the phase shifter is measured at different temperatures between 10 and 50°C. The realized phase shifter can be used in combination with MEMS switches in order to build a 360° tunable reflection phase shifter.
Toeholds and Takeovers (1999)

Toeholds have an enormous impact in "common‐value" takeover battles, such as those between two financial bidders. This contrasts with the small impact of a toehold, in a "private‐value" auction, Our results are consistent with empirical findings that a toehold helps a buyer win an auction, sometimes very cheaply. A controlling minority shareholder may therefore be effectively immune to outside offers. A target may benefit by requiring "best and final" scaled‐bid offers or by selling a cheap toehold or options to a "white knight," Our analysis extends to regulators selling "stranded assets," creditors bidding in bankruptcy auctions, and so forth.
Stabilization of a Steer-by-Wire Vehicle at the Limits of Handling Using Feedback Linearization (2005)

As a vehicle approaches the limits of handling (the operating region defined by the peak lateral tire force), the vehicle response may be oscillatory or unstable. This paper develops a control system to allow the driver to approach the limits of handling safely. The control algorithm uses a new method that applies recent advances in vehicle sensing to estimate tire cornering stiffness and coefficient of friction in real-time. The controller employs state feedback linearization to cancel nonlinearities in the system using steer-by-wire steering inputs. Once the lateral force surpasses a threshold value, the driver steering input is saturated to keep the vehicle in the linearizable handling region and to alert the driver of approaching limits. Simulation results and preliminary experimental work performed on a steer-by-wire research vehicle demonstrate the potential benefits of this control system.
ASTUTE (2010)

When many flows are multiplexed on a non-saturated link, their volume changes over short timescales tend to cancel each other out, making the average change across flows close to zero. This equilibrium property holds if the flows are nearly independent, and it is violated by traffic changes caused by several, potentially small, correlated flows. Many traffic anomalies (both malicious and benign) fit this description. Based on this observation, we exploit equilibrium to design a computationally simple detection method for correlated anomalous flows. We compare our new method to two well known techniques on three network links. We manually classify the anomalies detected by the three methods, and discover that our method uncovers a different class of anomalies than previous techniques do.
Metabolic effects of partial reversal of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity by dichloroacetate in sepsis. (1988)

The metabolic effects of dichloroacetate on carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in normal fed, sterile inflammatory, and chronic septic animals. Chronic sepsis, but not sterile inflammation, was associated with elevated plasma, liver, and skeletal muscle lactate concentrations. Sodium dichloroacetate significantly reduced both plasma and intracellular pyruvate and lactate concentrations in all conditions examined, while plasma glucose concentrations remained unchanged. Decreased tissue metabolite concentrations were associated with a significantly increased active pyruvate dehydrogenase complex in liver and skeletal muscle in each of the conditions examined. In liver, dichloroacetate fully activated (greater than 85%) the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex under all conditions. In skeletal muscle from chronic septic animals, the dichloroacetate-induced increases in active pyruvate dehydrogenase were significantly less than those observed in non-septic animals. The data suggest that although dichloroacetate can partially reverse the sepsis-induced effects on skeletal muscle pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, there may be additional regulatory factors in skeletal muscle from septic animals. The dichloroacetate stimulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase activity may provide a pharmacological method for reducing the elevated lactate concentrations observed in chronic severe sepsis.
Collagen‐based matrices with axially oriented pores (2007)

The aim of this work was the implementation of a simple technique for the production of cylindrical collagen-based scaffolds with axially oriented pore channels. Matrices with this particular porous structure have the potential to improve the regeneration of peripheral nerves and spinal cord by physically supporting and guiding the growth of neural structures across the site of injury. The regenerative potential may be further enhanced when the collagen scaffold is used as a delivery vehicle for exogenous cells and growth factors. The scaffold manufacturing technique described here is based on unidirectional freezing of a collagen suspension and subsequent freeze-drying, which produces nearly axially oriented pores. The mean pore size is dependent on both the concentration of collagen in suspension and the temperature of freezing. Environmental scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy were used to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the pore size and the pore orientation. In particular the definition of an orientation index (OI) was employed as a means to quantify the orientation of the pore channels inside the scaffolds.
A Multicenter Phase I Gene Therapy Clinical Trial Involving Intraperitoneal Administration of E1A-Lipid Complex in Patients with Recurrent Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Overexpressing HER-2/<b> <i>neu</i> </b> Oncogene (2004)

I.P. EIA-lipid complex gene therapy is feasible and safe. Future studies, either alone or in combination with chemotherapy, particularly in patients with minimal residual disease, should be evaluated.
Structural and Thermodynamic Analyses of Solute-binding Protein from Bifidobacterium longum Specific for Core 1 Disaccharide and Lacto-N-biose I (2008)

Recently, a gene cluster involving a phosphorylase specific for lacto-N-biose I (LNB; Galbeta1-3GlcNAc) and galacto-N-biose (GNB; Galbeta1-3GalNAc) has been found in Bifidobacterium longum. We showed that the solute-binding protein of a putative ATP-binding cassette-type transporter encoded in the cluster crystallizes only in the presence of LNB or GNB, and therefore we named it GNB/LNB-binding protein (GL-BP). Isothermal titration calorimetry measurements revealed that GL-BP specifically binds LNB and GNB with K(d) values of 0.087 and 0.010 microm, respectively, and the binding process is enthalpy-driven. The crystal structures of GL-BP complexed with LNB, GNB, and lacto-N-tetraose (Galbeta1-3GlcNAcbeta1-3Galbeta1-4Glc) were determined. The interactions between GL-BP and the disaccharide ligands mainly occurred through water-mediated hydrogen bonds. In comparison with the LNB complex, one additional hydrogen bond was found in the GNB complex. These structural characteristics of ligand binding are in agreement with the thermodynamic properties. The overall structure of GL-BP was similar to that of maltose-binding protein; however, the mode of ligand binding and the thermodynamic properties of these proteins were significantly different.
A Functional Interaction between RIP140 and PGC-1α Regulates the Expression of the Lipid Droplet Protein CIDEA (2008)

Nuclear receptors activate or repress target genes depending on the recruitment of coactivators or corepressors. The corepressor RIP140 and the PPAR coactivator 1alpha (PGC-1alpha) both play key roles in the regulated transcription of genes involved in energy homeostasis. We investigated the roles of RIP140 and PGC-1alpha in controlling the expression of CIDEA, an important regulatory factor in adipose cell function and obesity. Ectopically expressed CIDEA surrounded lipid droplets in brown adipocytes and induced the formation of lipid droplets in nonadipogenic cell lines. The expression and promoter activity of CIDEA was repressed by RIP140 and induced by PGC-1alpha, mediated through the binding of estrogen-related receptor alpha and NRF-1 to their cognate binding sites. Importantly, we demonstrate that RIP140 interacts directly with PGC-1alpha and suppresses its activity. The direct antagonism of PGC-1alpha by RIP140 provides a mechanism for regulating target gene transcription via nuclear receptor-dependent and -independent pathways.
Newcomers in the process of mitochondrial permeabilization (2005)

Under stress conditions, apoptogenic factors normally sequestered in the mitochondrial intermembrane space are released into the cytosol, caspases are activated and cells die by apoptosis. Although the precise mechanism that leads to the permeabilization of mitochondria is still unclear, the activation of multidomain pro-apoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family, such as Bax and Bak, is evidently crucial. Regulation of Bax and Bak by other members of the family has been known for a long time, but recent evidence suggests that additional unrelated proteins participate in the process, both as inhibitors and activators. The important rearrangements mitochondrial lipids undergo during apoptosis play a role in the permeabilization process and this role is probably more central than first envisioned.
Verifying path loss and delay spread predictions of a 3D ray tracing propagation model in urban environment (2003)

In this paper path loss and delay spread predictions of a 3D ray tracing software are compared to wideband radio channel measurements made in Helsinki city center. Measurements were carried out in the 2 GHz band by using a wideband radio channel sounder, which gives out complex channel impulse responses. Reference delay spreads were obtained from power delay profiles, and path losses were available after appropriate cable calibration measurements. Comparisons between measurement and propagation predictions were made in cases where a realistic directional BS antenna was placed (a) slightly below the rooftop level and (b) slightly above the rooftop level. For propagation modeling a fully 3D ray optical model was used.
Promoter: An Automated Promotion Evaluation System (1987)

A system and methodology for evaluating manufacturers' trade promotions which may be combined with consumer promotions is described. The methodology incorporates concepts from expert systems in order to evaluate promotions on a mass scale (i.e., by geographical area and size or flavor) with a minimum of analyst intervention. The system uses available data (shipments, warehouse withdrawal or store level scanner data) and contains a knowledge base to recognize and adjust for data irregularities. The system estimates a baseline of what sales would have been had a promotion not been run. The three available real cases where promotions were discontinued are shown as partial validation for the procedure. The large potential biases in using only factory shipment data for evaluating promotions are also explored.
Evaporation of water from sodium chloride solutions under controlled climatic conditions (1967)

Due to the character of the original source materials and the nature of batch digitization, quality control issues may be present in this document. Please report any quality issues you encounter to digital@library.tamu.edu, referencing the URI of the item.
Chlorophyll Metabolism in Higher Plants VI. Involvement of Peroxidase in Chlorophyll Degradation (1985)

The following phenolics were found to be essential for peroxidase-dependent chlorophyll bleaching: 2,4-dichlorophenol (DCP), p-coumaric acid (HCA), phenol, p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-hydroxyacetophenone, resorcinol and umbelliferone. Most of them are monophenols with electron-attracting groups at the p-position. The short-lived radicals generated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-phenolics-H2O2 reaction might be involved in this reaction. Tobacco leaf enzyme preparation with peroxidase activity for guaiacol could also degrade chlorophyll with such phenolics. In addition, tobacco leaf methanol extract could substitute for chlorophyll bleaching as an electron donor in the absence of phenolics. In place of free H2O2, the glycolate-glycolate oxidase (GOX) system could degrade chlorophyll in [peroxidase$phenolics]-dependent bleaching. This chlorophyll bleaching system was inhibited by peroxidase inhibitors, radical scavengers, reducing reagents, and carotenoids. Ascorbate and glutathione stopped chlorophyll bleaching with GSSG reductase and NADPH. The role of ascorbate and glutathione in peroxidase activity for controlling the chlorophyll degradation rate is discussed.
Characterization of Styrene Recovery from the Pyrolysis of Waste Expandable Polystyrene (2003)

Catalytic and thermal degradation of waste expandable polystyrene (WEPS) have been studied in a semi-batch reactor with continuous flow of nitrogen to achieve greater oil yield and maximize styrene monomer recovery. Effect of temperature, nature of catalyst and its size, reaction time of catalytic pyrolysis, and effect of repyrolysis have been also investigated. Higher reaction temperature favors the oil yield and also decreases the reaction time with maximum styrene selectivity (76.31 wt %) at 450 °C. Among the catalysts studied, solid base BaO is found to be the most efficient and increases the styrene selectivity (84.29 wt %) significantly at a reaction temperature of 350 °C in comparison to thermal and acid catalytic degradation. Modified catalyst Fe−A/Al (A = basic material) also shows better activity than Fe2O3 or Fe/Al. Increase in the size of the catalyst and repyrolysis decrease the oil yield, and styrene production also decreases on repyrolysis.
Cellular and Porous Materials (2008)

Interfacial Heat Transport in Highly Permeable Media - A Finite Volume Approach Effective Thermal Properties of Hollow-Sphere-Structures - A Finite Element Approach Thermal Properties of Composite Materials and Porous Media: Lattice-Based Monte Carlo Approaches Fluid Dynamics in Porous Media - A Boundary Element Approach Analytical Methods for Heat Conduction in Composites and Porous Media Modeling of Composite Heat Transfer in Open-Cellular Porous Materials at High Temperatures Thermal Conduction Through Porous Systems Thermal Property of Lotus-Type Porous Copper and Application to Heat Sinks Thermal Characterization of Open-Celled Metal Foams by Direct Simulation Heat Transfer in Open-Celled Foams Subjected to Oscillating Flow Radiative and Conductive Thermal Properties of Foams On the Application of Optimization Techniques to Heat Transfer in Cellular Materials
Millimicrosecond Light Source with Increased Brightness* (1961)

Short light pulses with ⪝2 × 10−9 sec rise time and ⪝8 × 10−9 sec half-width are obtained in a coaxial capacitor discharge in air of minimum inductance, ⪝1 × 10−9 henry; capacitor energies are in the order of 10−2 joule. The current density in the arc channel, ~0.1 mm in diameter, exceeds 107 amp/cm2; arc channels appear to be pinched. A brightness of >107 candles/cm2 is determined and the method of measurement described. Single-shot photography is shown.
Comparison of the complete genome sequences of <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> B728a and pv. <i>tomato</i> DC3000 (2005)

The complete genomic sequence of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a ( Pss B728a) has been determined and is compared with that of P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 ( Pst DC3000). The two pathovars of this economically important species of plant pathogenic bacteria differ in host range and other interactions with plants, with Pss having a more pronounced epiphytic stage of growth and higher abiotic stress tolerance and Pst DC3000 having a more pronounced apoplastic growth habitat. The Pss B728a genome (6.1 Mb) contains a circular chromosome and no plasmid, whereas the Pst DC3000 genome is 6.5 mbp in size, composed of a circular chromosome and two plasmids. Although a high degree of similarity exists between the two sequenced Pseudomonads, 976 protein-encoding genes are unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000, including large genomic islands likely to contribute to virulence and host specificity. Over 375 repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences unique to Pss B728a when compared with Pst DC3000 are widely distributed throughout the chromosome except in 14 genomic islands, which generally had lower GC content than the genome as a whole. Content of the genomic islands varies, with one containing a prophage and another the plasmid pKLC102 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. Among the 976 genes of Pss B728a with no counterpart in Pst DC3000 are those encoding for syringopeptin, syringomycin, indole acetic acid biosynthesis, arginine degradation, and production of ice nuclei. The genomic comparison suggests that several unique genes for Pss B728a such as ectoine synthase, DNA repair, and antibiotic production may contribute to the epiphytic fitness and stress tolerance of this organism.
Providing quality responses with natural language interfaces: the null value problem (1988)

An underlying relational database model and the database query language SQL are assumed, and methods are presented for responding with appropriate answers to null value responses. This is done by using a knowledge base based on RM/T, an extended relational model. The advantages of this approach are described. To demonstrate the utility of the knowledge base model, a simple knowledge base is constructed. The algorithms that provide additional information when a null answer is returned are detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pre-amplification in the context of high-throughput qPCR gene expression experiment (2015)

We set up upper limits for the bulk gene expression experiment using gene expression Dynamic Array and provided an easy-to-obtain tool for measuring of pre-amplification success. We also showed that variability of the pre-amplification, introduced into the experimental workflow of reverse transcription-qPCR, is lower than variability caused by the reverse transcription step.
CELL TO CELL INTERACTION IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE (1968)

Two new methods are described for making chromosomal spreads of single antibody-forming cells. The first depends on the controlled rupture of cells in small microdroplets through the use of a mild detergent and application of a mechanical stress on the cell. The second is a microadaptation of the conventional Ford technique. Both methods have a success rate of over 50%, though the quality of chromosomal spreads obtained is generally not as good as with conventional methods. These techniques have been applied to an analysis of cell to cell interaction in adoptive immune responses, using the full syngeneic transfer system provided by the use of CBA and CBA/T6T6 donor-recipient combinations. When neonatally thymectomized mice were restored to adequate immune responsiveness to sheep erythrocytes by injections of either thymus cells or thoracic duct lymphocytes, it was shown that all the actual dividing antibody-forming cells were not of donor but of host origin. When lethally irradiated mice were injected with chromosomally marked but syngeneic mixtures of thymus and bone marrow cells, a rather feeble adoptive immune response ensued; all the antibody-forming cells identified were of bone marrow origin. When mixtures of bone marrow cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes were used, immune restoration was much more effective, and over three-quarters of the antibody-forming mitotic figures carried the bone marrow donor chromosomal marker. The results were deemed to be consistent with the conclusions derived in the previous paper of this series, namely that thymus contains some, but a small number only of antigen-reactive cells (ARC), bone marrow contains antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) but no ARC, and thoracic duct lymph contains both ARC and AFCP with a probable predominance of the former. A vigorous immune response to sheep erythrocytes probably requires a collaboration between the two cell lineages, involving proliferation first of the ARC and then of the AFCP. The results stressed that the use of large numbers of pure thoracic duct lymphocytes in adoptive transfer work could lead to good adoptive immune responses, but that such results should not be construed as evidence against cell collaboration hypotheses. Some possible further uses of single cell chromosome techniques were briefly discussed.