gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient Map-Reduce Algorithm for the Incremental Computation of All-Pairs Shortest Paths in Social Networks (2012)

Today's social networks are getting larger, and the need to analyze datasets with millions of nodes and billions of edges is not uncommon any more. As a network of social relationships evolves by the addition of new nodes and edges, fast algorithms are desirable for the recomputation of key network measures such as actor centrality. The distributed computing paradigm offers a scalable approach to addressing the recomputation challenge. This paper develops a Map-Reduce implementation of an incremental All-Pairs Shortest Path (APSP) algorithm. The incremental nature of the approach allows for performing minimal work in updating centrality measures, while the Map-Reduce implementation makes it scalable to large data. The key idea of the incremental APSP algorithm [1] is based on the efficient use of past information about the shortest paths between any node and the neighbors of the newly added node. A presented parallelized version of the algorithm relies on a three-step iterative execution of the "map" and "reduce" jobs. Experiences with its implementation are reported in application to a real-world dataset containing 7115 nodes. The experimental runs were performed using the Amazon's EMR service.
<i>In vitro</i>photo-induced cytotoxic activity of<i>Citrus bergamia</i>and<i>C. medica</i>L. cv. Diamante peel essential oils and identified active coumarins (2010)

Our study suggested that UV irradiation is effective in activating essential oils and in particular bergapten. This phototoxicity may be considered as a treatment option in some cases of lentigo maligna or lentigo maligna melanoma.
Fiber sensor design for turbine engines (1991)

Determination of blade temperatures in the high-speed and turbulent environment of a turbine engine is difficult using standard pyrometry techniques because of the presence of high- temperature flame and the reflective nature of the inspection surfaces. A technique utilizing thermographic phosphor compounds bonded to engine vanes and turbine blades is presented that mitigates the negative effects of blackbody radiation while potentially allowing near real- time acquisition of blade temperature information. Specialized single and dual fiber-optic probes were designed to interrogate both fixed and rotating surfaces by delivering ultraviolet light from a quadrupled Nd:YAG (266 nm) laser to phosphor coatings consisting of Y2O3:Eu, YVO4, and YAG:Tb ceramic compounds. This technique utilizes the temperature- dependent fluorescent emission of a ceramic phosphor coating to discern the temperature of the interrogated surface. By using these methods, surface temperature measurements to 1200 degree(s)C are achievable in the combustion environment.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Aerodynamic power control for multirotor aerial vehicles (2014)

In this paper, a new motor control input and controller for small-scale electrically powered multirotor aerial vehicles is proposed. The proposed scheme is based on controlling aerodynamic power as opposed to the rotor speed of each motor-rotor system. Electrical properties of the brushless direct current motor are used to both estimate and control the mechanical power of the motor system which is coupled with aerodynamic power using momentum theory analysis. In comparison to current state-of-the-art motor control for multirotor aerial vehicles, the proposed approach is robust to unmodelled aerodynamic effects such as wind disturbances and ground effects. Theory and experimental results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed motor control.
Physiologic signal acquisition and processing for human hemodynamic research in a clinical cardiac-catheterization laboratory (1977)

This paper describes state-of-art-technology in transducer design, signal acquisition, and digital processing of physiologic signals obtained from human patients during clinical cardiac catheterization. Custom-designed multisensor catheters provide multiple simultaneous high-fidelity pressure and flow-velocity signals from the right and left heart in man at rest and during a variety of physiologic and pharmacologic stresses. After processing by an analog system designed with special features for clinical cardiologists and cardiac-catheterization technicians, a dedicated minicomputer enters these signals into a variety of programs designed for human hemodynamic research. The overall capabilities of this system are unique in clinical cardiology and represent a valuable application of the principals of signal acquisition and processing to biologic systems.
The Tissue-dependent Keratin 19 Gene Transcription Is Regulated by GKLF/KLF4 and Sp1 (2000)

Keratins play critical roles in cellular differentiation and cytoskeletal organization. Keratin 19 (K19) is unique because it has been implicated as a marker of stem cells in some tissues, such as the hair follicle in the skin. It is also associated with malignant transformation in esophageal and pancreatic cancers. Here, we show that the K19 promoter is active in a subset of gastrointestinal cancer cells derived from esophageal and pancreas but inactive in other contexts. This activity was mapped to a short region containing an overlapping binding site for gut-enriched Krüppel-like factor (GKLF/KLF4) and Sp1. GKLF has a higher binding affinity and is the predominant binding factor in cells with low Sp-1 protein levels. Pancreatic acinar cells normally do not express K19, but overexpression of GKLF and Sp1 in these cells leads to aberrant expression, similar to what is observed in pancreatic cancer. These results demonstrate the functional interaction of ubiquitous and tissue-restricted transcription factors in determining tissue- and neoplasm-specific patterns of gene expression.
Etude de la réactivité de la fonction carbonyle avec le cétène en présence d'un alcoxyde de titane. 1ère communication. Nouvelle méthode de synthèse de β‐hydroxyesters (1974)

Abstract A new synthesis of β‐hydroxyesters involving a reaction between a carbonyl compound, ketene and an alkyl‐orthotitanate is described. The following carbonyl compounds have been studied: aldehydes, ketones, α‐diketones, α‐ or γ‐ketoesters. A reaction mechanism is proposed.
Simple method to find the optimum operating point of an integrated laser modulator for propagation over a standard dispersive fibre (1996)

A simple and reliable experimentally confirmed way is given to find the optimum operating point and thus the highest achievable distance with an integrated laser electro-absorption modulator. The optimisation point variation versus the span length is also shown.
Pyrrole‐based narrow‐band‐gap copolymers for red light‐emitting diodes and bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells (2010)

Abstract A series of narrow‐band‐gap conjugated copolymers (PFO‐DPT) derived from pyrrole, benzothiadiazole, and 9,9‐dioctylfluorene (DOF) is prepared by the palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reaction with the molar feed ratio of 4,7‐bis( N ‐methylpyrrol‐2‐yl)‐2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole (DPT) around 1, 5, 15, 30, and 50%. The obtained polymers are readily soluble in common organic solvents. The solutions and the thin solid films of the copolymers absorb light from 300 nm to 600 nm with two absorbance peaks at around 380 nm and 505 nm. The PL emission consists mainly of DPT unit emission at around 624–686 nm depending on the DPT content in solid film. The EL emission peaks are red‐shifted from 630 nm for PFO‐DPT1 to 660 nm for PFO‐DPT50. Bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells fabricated from composite films of copolymer and [6,6]‐phenyl C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as electron donor and electron acceptor, respectively, in device configuration: ITO/PEDOT : PSS/PFO‐DPT : PCBM/Ba/Al shows power conversion efficiencies 0.15% with open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.60 V and short‐circuit current density ( J sc ) of 0.73 mA/cm 2 under AM1.5 solar simulator (100 mW/cm 2 ). © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Enhancement of nano-hydroxyapatite bonding to dentin through a collagen/calcium dual-affinitive peptide for dentinal tubule occlusion (2014)

Calcium phosphate crystals, as the main component of dentin and enamel, have been widely used for the occlusion of dentinal tubules. However, the low bond strength and poor sealing effect limit their clinical practicality. In this study, a collagen/calcium dual-affinitive peptide E8DS (EEEEEEEEDS<sub>p</sub>ES<sub>p</sub>S<sub>p</sub>EEDR) and nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) flocculi were developed to seal dentin tubules for reducing dentin hypersensitivity, whereas the E8DS peptides were pre-applied to improve the adhesion of occlusive hydroxyapatite coating on dentin collagen matrix for the long-lasting sealing effect and relief from hypersensitivity. Our study showed that E8DS peptides had a strong affinity with dentin collageneous matrix that almost 43.7% of initial E8DS peptides immobilized on exposed dentin samples remained detained after continuous washing by distilled water for four weeks at a rate of 1 mL/min. Nano-HAp flocculi were obtained by re-neutralization of HAp-HCl solution and then brushed onto the surfaces of pre-treated human dentin disks with E8DS peptides, which showed a perfect occlusion of exposed dentinal tubules, as compared with Nano-HAp only and a commercial desensitizer, Green Or. With only around 10-min E8DS peptide pre-treatment, the occlusive mineral layers remained intact against consecutively stirred washing in phosphate-buffered saline or coke for 15 min, and 6 min of tooth-brushing, which implied that our E8DS peptide could comparatively improve the durability of sealant-dentin interface bonds for long-lasting dentine desensitization.
Diminishing Risk-Taking Behavior by Modulating Activity in the Prefrontal Cortex: A Direct Current Stimulation Study (2007)

Studies have shown increased risk taking in healthy individuals after low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, known to transiently suppress cortical excitability, over the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). It appears, therefore, plausible that differential modulation of DLPFC activity, increasing the right while decreasing the left, might lead to decreased risk taking, which could hold clinical relevance as excessively risky decision making is observed in clinical populations leading to deleterious consequences. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether risk-taking behaviors could be decreased using concurrent anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the right DLPFC, which allows upregulation of brain activity, with cathodal tDCS of the left DLPCF, which downregulates activity. Thirty-six healthy volunteers performed the risk task while they received either anodal over the right with cathodal over the left DLPFC, anodal over the left with cathodal over the right DLPFC, or sham stimulation. We hypothesized that right anodal/left cathodal would decrease risk-taking behavior compared with left anodal/right cathodal or sham stimulation. As predicted, during right anodal/left cathodal stimulation over the DLPFC, participants chose more often the safe prospect compared with the other groups. Moreover, these participants appeared to be insensitive to the reward associated with the prospects. These findings support the notion that the interhemispheric balance of activity across the DLPFCs is critical in decision-making behaviors. Most importantly, the observed suppression of risky behaviors suggests that populations with boundless risk-taking behaviors leading to negative real-life consequences, such as individuals with addiction, might benefit from such neuromodulation-based approaches.
Protection against ischemic brain damage using propentofylline in gerbils. (1988)

We studied the xanthine derivative propentofylline (HWA 285) to determine its protection against ischemic brain damage when administered before and after ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was produced in 81 Mongolian gerbils by occluding both carotid arteries. The necessary surgery was performed under anesthesia with intraperitoneal pentobarbital/chloral hydrate 2 days before occlusion. We tested the parameters delayed selective hippocampal nerve cell damage, generation of seizures, and survival. Determination of the dose-response relation revealed the optimal dose of HWA 285 to be 10 mg/kg i.p. The effect of the drug on delayed selective nerve cell damage in the hippocampus was assessed by measuring the intensity of Nissl staining in the CA1 area by means of densitometry 4 days after a 10-minute occlusion. Gerbils treated with HWA 285 revealed significant protection of the CA1 neurons even when the drug was applied 1 hour after the end of the occlusion. In contrast to HWA 285, pentobarbital provided no detectable protection of the CA1 neurons in our experimental model when administered 1 hour after occlusion, suggesting different mechanisms of action. After a 15-minute occlusion, all six untreated gerbils developed convulsions and died within 2 days. Chronic (daily) treatment of nine gerbils with HWA 285 prevented the generation of convulsions in eight and allowed seven to survive for greater than 12 days.
On the origin of stacking faults at the GaAs/ZnSe heterointerface (1996)

A series of experiments was designed to assess the effects of the various stages of the nucleation process on the formation of stacking faults at the GaAs/ZnSe interface. Differential interference contrast microscopy was used to image stacking faults and misfit dislocations in 1000 Å thick ZnSe layers. We have demonstrated that an As-stabilized GaAs surface is needed to obtain a low density of stacking faults. However, an excess of As favors the formation of stacking faults. More importantly, the introduction of Zn drastically increases the stacking fault density.
Lys49 myotoxin from the Brazilian lancehead pit viper elicits pain through regulated ATP release (2017)

Pain-producing animal venoms contain evolutionarily honed toxins that can be exploited to study and manipulate somatosensory and nociceptive signaling pathways. From a functional screen, we have identified a secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2)-like protein, BomoTx, from the Brazilian lancehead pit viper (<i>Bothrops moojeni</i>). BomoTx is closely related to a group of Lys49 myotoxins that have been shown to promote ATP release from myotubes through an unknown mechanism. Here we show that BomoTx excites a cohort of sensory neurons via ATP release and consequent activation of P2X<sub>2</sub> and/or P2X<sub>3</sub> purinergic receptors. We provide pharmacological and electrophysiological evidence to support pannexin hemichannels as downstream mediators of toxin-evoked ATP release. At the behavioral level, BomoTx elicits nonneurogenic inflammatory pain, thermal hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia, of which the latter is completely dependent on purinergic signaling. Thus, we reveal a role of regulated endogenous nucleotide release in nociception and provide a detailed mechanism of a pain-inducing Lys49 myotoxin from <i>Bothrops</i> species, which are responsible for the majority of snake-related deaths and injuries in Latin America.
Mutational analyses of the extracellular domain of the full-length lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor suggest leucine-rich repeats 1-6 are involved in hormone binding. (1996)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the amino-terminal extracellular domain of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHR) is sufficient for conferring high affinity binding and binding specificity. The present study was undertaken to further delineate those regions involved in hormone binding. Since the extracellular domains of the gonadotropin receptors are defined by multiple leucine-rich repeat motifs, LHR deletion mutants were constructed in which individual or multiple leucine-rich repeats were deleted from the full-length receptor. These mutants were transiently expressed in mammalian 293 cells, assayed for protein expression by Western blotting of cell extracts, and then tested for hormone binding in both intact cells and detergent-solubilized cell extracts. Western blot analyses confirmed the expression of all LHR deletion mutant proteins in the transfected cells. Although human (h) CG binding activity was not detected for any of the mutants when intact cells were assayed, mutants in which leucine-rich repeats 9-14 were collectively deleted, or repeats 7 or 8 were individually deleted, expressed binding activity when the cells were first solubilized in detergent. Of significance, rat (r) LHR(delta LRR 9-14) exhibited high affinity hCG and hLH binding, comparable to wild type rLHR. Detergent extracts from cells expressing rLHR(delta LRR 8) and rLHR(delta LRR 7) bound hCG and hLH, albeit with reduced affinities compared with the wild type receptor. All three of these deletion mutants, rLHR(delta LRR 9-14), rLHR(delta LRR 8), and rLHR(delta LRR 7), exhibited normal binding specificity as they did not bind hFSH even at very high concentrations. Thus, deletion of these regions in the carboxyl portion of the extracellular domain of the LHR did not remove any potentially inhibitory elements that would normally prevent hFSH binding. Deletion of either the 11 amino-terminal acids before LRR 1 or LRRs 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 individually from the full-length rLHR resulted in the total absence of detectable hCG binding activity in detergent-solubilized extracts, in spite of stable protein expression. These results suggest that the amino terminus and LRRs 1-6 are absolutely essential for gonadotropin binding to the rLHR.
Electrically Small Antennas with Dielectric, Magneto-Dielectric and Metamaterial Loading (2007)

With recent advances in manufacture and study of high dielectric ceramics, magneto-dielectrics and metamaterials, there have been renewed interests in studying electrically small antennas. Prospective features of aforementioned loading schemes have been discussed by various research groups, however, there lacks of a fair comparison in antenna performance taking into consideration of material dispersion and losses. This paper presents a comparative study on antenna performance, in particular, the beam pattern, gain, efficiency and bandwidth of three types of material/metamaterial loaded antennas as a function of physical size, electrical size and frequency. Selected antennas are built and tested, measurement results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
CD38 as a prognostic marker in CLL (2005)

Cell-surface expression of CD38 in CLL has been recognised recently as a marker of progressive disease and poor outcome. In contrast to traditional staging systems, CD38 is able to identify progressive cases at an early stage. Measurement of CD38, in conjunction with other novel prognostic factors such as p53 and ZAP-70 helps to identify patients who might benefit from early and more intensive therapy. In addition, CD38 positivity can predict unmutated IgVH gene mutation status in most cases. These features, together with its easy applicability, render CD38 a valuable tool in the routine diagnostics of CLL. Questions remaining to be clarified about CD38 include the incidence and significance of its variations during the course of the disease, the optimal method to define CD38 positivity and the impact of different methodologies on results. Only after these issues are resolved can the definitive place of CD38 be defined in the diagnostics of CLL.
Comparison of the Short-Term Effects on the Human Corneal Surface of Topical Timolol Maleate With and Without Benzalkonium Chloride (2003)

Exposure to preserved timolol resulted in significant instability in the pre-corneal tear film. Moreover, it disrupted the corneal epithelial barrier function to a greater degree than unpreserved timolol. The elimination of preservatives may be desirable in efforts to protect the integrity of the corneal surface and its interaction with the tear film.
A low-cost editor for MPEG-1 system streams (1995)

An A/V (Audio/Video) editing system for MPEG-1 system-layer bitstreams is implemented and described in this paper. By utilizing such a system, users can cut, copy, and paste portions of MPEG-1 coded bitstreams to rearrange the A/V sequences.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A specific groove design for individualized healing in a canine partial sternal defect model by a polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite scaffold coated with bone marrow stromal cells (2013)

The reconstruction of sternal defects remains clinically challenging for thoracic surgeons. Here we aimed to explore the individualized reconstruction of partial sternal defects with new biodegradable material in a large animal model. We used the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique to manufacture polycaprolactone/hydroxyapatite (PCL/HA) tissue scaffolds with individualized grooves to repair the sternal defect. The defects were surgically created in a sternocostal joint of eighteen Beagle dogs. The animals were separated into three groups (n = 6): Blank group, PCL/HA group, and PCL/HA/BMSCs group. Radiographic examination, histological, and histomorphometric analyses were performed to evaluate the result. In the blank group, the defect site couldn't maintain its original integrity due to no bone union. In the PCL/HA group and PCL/HA/BMSCs group, it was observed that the scaffolds retained their shapes without significant degradation at 12 weeks. Both groups could observe new bone-union by radiographic and histological examination. And PCL/HA/BMSCs would be more mineralized tissue area at implant sites (p < 0.05). These results reveal that using the FDM technique to manufacture the PCL/HA scaffolds with specific grooves could repair the sternal defect satisfactorily. Furthermore the scaffolds with BMSCs-seeded could enhance the amount of bone ingrowth and seemed to be more promising.
Carrying My Environment with Me (2013)

Commercial building is one of the major energy consumers that has drawn worldwide concerns. Heating, ventilating and air-conditioning (HVAC) system constitutes 40% of the total energy consumption in a typical commercial building. While the main objective of HVAC is to provide occupants with a comfort and safe environment, it currently lacks channels to recognize occupants' favourite temperatures as well as reflect their levels of comfort, e.g., too-cold or too-hot. Hence, it is hard to justify the energy consumption without considering end-user needs. Models of thermal comfort and predicted mean vote have been used to estimate such index, however, they are not widely adopted due to their complexity and inaccuracy. In this paper, we design the innovative system CarryEn, which first captures user's favourite temperature non-intrusively from their daily environment. We connect our system with the building management system (BMS), and optimize the setpoint temperature to occupants with our model. When the user moves into other rooms or buildings, his favourite setting will also be carried with him. Based on our experiments, CarryEn is able to achieve an improvement of 28.2% thermal satisfaction from occupants and save 13% of energy consumption.