gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fusion welding of a modern borated stainless steel (1997)

Experiments designed to assess the fabrication and service weldability of 304B4A borated stainless steel were conducted. Welding procedures and parameters for manual gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding, autogenous electron beam (EB) welding and filler-added EB welding were developed and found to be similar to those for austenitic stainless steels. Following the procedure development, four test welds were produced and evaluated by microstructural analysis and Charpy impact testing. Further samples were used for determination of the postweld heat treatment (PWHT) response of the welds. The fusion zone structure of welds in this alloy consists of primary austenite dendrites with an interdendritic eutectic-like austenite/ boride constituent. Welds also show an appreciable partially molten zone that consists of the austenite/boride eutectic surrounding unmelted austenite islands. The microstructure of the EB welds was substantially finer than that of the GTA welds, and boride coarsening was not observed in the solid state heat-affected zone (HAZ) of either weld type. The impact toughness of as-welded samples was found to be relatively poor, averaging less than 10 J (7.38 ft-lb) for both GTA and EB welds. For fusion zone notched GTA and EB samples and centerline notched EB samples, fracture generally occurred along the boundary between the partially molten and solid-state regions of the HAZ. The results of the PWHT study were very encouraging, with typical values of the impact energy for HAZ notched samples approaching 40 J (29.5 ft-lb), or twice the minimum code-acceptable value. The PWHT results in spheroidization of the boride such that the heat-treated welds have microstructures and failure modes similar to the as-received material. A weld process/PWHT combination that results in acceptable properties was identified, and the feasibility of joining these alloys was demonstrated.
Dictionary of organic compounds (1982)

Data provided in each entry includes (where appropriate): Molecular Formula Structure Diagram Preferred names and synonyms CAS Registry Number Physical description Biological Source Stability Solvent of recrystallization Solubility Melting Point/freezing point Boiling Point Density Refractive Index Optical Rotation Use or Importance (including an indication of important reactions) Hazardous and toxic properties selected literature references.
Enzymatically controlled drug delivery. (1988)

An approach for providing feedback control for polypeptide drugs in a polymeric controlled-release system uses a trigger molecule and a polymer-bound enzyme that, in the presence of that trigger molecule, will cause an acid or a base to form. When the pH inside the polymer system changes, the solubility of the drug shifts dramatically, which changes the diffusion or dissolution driving force, and hence the release rate changes correspondingly. This concept was tested using a controlled-release system of ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer containing insulin and immobilized glucose oxidase. The enzymatic reaction of glucose to gluconic acid reduces the pH in the polymer microenvironment. Since insulin solubility increases with decreasing pH (at physiologic pH, this is true for an insulin with an isoelectric point of 7.4 or higher), the release of insulin increases in response to glucose concentration. The feasibility of this concept has been shown using trilysyl insulin with an isoelectric point of 7.4. Multiple exposures to buffered glucose solutions over several weeks caused insulin release to reversibly increase during each exposure. Polymer-implanted diabetic rats infused with glucose solutions showed a significant increase in insulin concentration in 30 min-an effect not observed in three different sets of control rats.
Infectious Adenovirus Type 2 Transport Through Early but not Late Endosomes (2008)

Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a major gate for pathogens into cells. In this study, we analyzed the trafficking of human adenovirus type 2 and 5 (Ad2/5) and the escape-defective temperature-sensitive Ad2-ts1 mutant in epithelial cancer cells. Ad2/5 and Ad2-ts1 uptake into endosomes containing transferrin, major histocompatibility antigen 1 and the Rab5 effector early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) involved dynamin, amphiphysin, clathrin and Eps15. Cointernalization experiments showed that most of the Ad2/5 and Ad2-ts1 visited the same EEA1-positive endosomes. In contrast to Ad2/5, Ad2-ts1 required functional Rab5 for endocytosis and lysosomal transport and was sensitive to the phosphatidyl-inositol-3 (PI3)-kinase inhibitor wortmannin or the ubiquitin-binding protein Hrs for sorting from early to late endosomes. Endosomal escape of Ad2 was not affected by incubation at 19 degrees C, which blocked membrane sorting in early endosomes and inhibited Ad2-ts1 transport to lysosomes. Unlike Semliki Forest Virus (SFV), sorting of Ad2-ts1 to late endosomes was independent of Rab7 and Ad2/5 infection independent of EEA1. The data indicate that Ad2/5 and Ad2-ts1 use an invariant machinery for clathrin-mediated uptake to early endosomes. We suggest that the infectious Ad2 particles are either directly released from early endosomes to the cytosol or sorted by a temperature-insensitive and PI3-kinase-independent mechanism to an escape compartment different from late endosomes or lysosomes.
Ultrasound-guided central venous catheter placement decreases complications and decreases placement attempts compared with the landmark technique in patients in a pediatric intensive care unit* (2009)

US-guided CVC placement in children is associated with decreased number of anatomical sites attempted and decreased number of attempts to gain placement. Time to placement by residents was decreased with US, but not the time to placement by other operators. US guidance increased the use of internal jugular catheter placement and decreased artery punctures. US guidance did not improve success rates.
Restricted Rotation in Arylamines. I. Preparation and Resolution of N-Succinyl-N-methylbromomesidine (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRestricted Rotation in Arylamines. I. Preparation and Resolution of N-Succinyl-N-methylbromomesidineRoger Adams and L. J. DankertCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 8, 2191–2193Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01865a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01865a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Theoretical span loading and moments of tapered wings produced by aileron deflection (1937)

The effect of tapered ailerons on linearly tapered wings is theoretically determined. Four different aileron spans are considered for each of three wing aspect ratios and each of four wing taper ratios. The change in lift on one half of the wing, the rolling moment, the additional induced drag, and the yawing moment, due to aileron deflection, are represented by non dimensional coefficients. Similar coefficients are given for the damping and yawing moments, the additional drag, and the change in lift, due to rolling. It was found possible to effect a fairly close agreement between the theoretical and experimental rolling moments by introducing into the theoretical expression for the rolling moment an effective change in angle of attack obtained from an analysis of flap data. The theoretical curves show that the highly tapered wing with long ailerons has a lower ratio of yawing to rolling moment and a lower additional induced drag than wings with less taper.
Studying bone marrow-derived macrophages needs to consider the influence of cells apart from macrophage, especially the selection of markers (2020)

Abstract Culturing macrophage in vitro is an important means to understand its reaction towards co-culture substances. However, the source of macrophages can be either purchased from specific cell line or extracted from bone marrow as differentiated macrophages. In order to assure the precision, when adopting extracted primary cell, screening in advance will be prominent before any processes to avoid results reserving that of non-macrophages. Here, we perform single-cell sequencing on open wound of skin in mice and focusing on the secreted proteins and surface markers related to traditional macrophage phenotypes (M1/M2) to ensure the importance of screening. The expression of CAMP when macrophages fight against candida albicans is another target to see its relationship with current classification. And results showed that identifying its phenotype without screening macrophages will far from the exact situation, and the expression of CAMP cannot be carried out by the traditional M1 and M2 macrophage. Thus, determining phenotype of macrophages based on function would be a promising way.
A stochastic model for optimizing physical carrier sensing and spatial reuse in ad hoc networks (2005)

The choice of physical carrier sensing (PCS) threshold is key to the trade-off between the amount of spatial reuse and probability of packet collisions in a wireless ad hoc network. In this paper, we present a new analytical approach for optimizing the PCS threshold as measured by probability of packet collisions and the aggregate one-hop throughput. Our model simultaneously incorporates the impact of PCS threshold and the backoff mechanism via a suitable Markov chain model for saturation (i.e. all nodes always have a packet to send in their queues). Elaborate OPNET simulation results show the effectiveness of the analytical model
Macromolecular Recognition. Formation of Inclusion Complexes of Polymers with Cyclodextrins. (1993)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) have been found to form inclusion complexes with various polymers with high specificity to give stoichiometric compounds in crystalline states. In these complexes, polymer chains were found to thread into Cyclodextrins and to be recognized by cyclodextrins. α-Cyclodextrin (α-CD) formed complexes with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) of molecular weight higher than 300, although β-CD did not form complexes with PEG of any molecular weight. However, β-CD formed complexes with poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) of various molecular weights, although α-CD did not form complexes with PPG of any molecular weight. γ-CD formed complexes with poly(methyl vinyl ether) (PMeVE), though α- and β-CDs did not form complexes with PMeVE. Polyrotaxanes in which many CDs are threaded on a single PEG chain were prepared by capping the chain ends with bulky groups.
C-terminal deletion analysis of plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase: yeast as a model system for solute transport across the plant plasma membrane. (1995)

The plasma membrane proton pump (H(+)-ATPase) energizes solute uptake by secondary transporters. Wild-type Arabidopsis plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (AHA2) and truncated H(+)-ATPase lacking 38, 51, 61, 66, 77, 92, 96, and 104 C-terminal amino acids were produced in yeast. All AHA2 species were correctly targeted to the yeast plasma membrane and, in addition, accumulated in internal membranes. Removal of 38 C-terminal residues from AHA2 produced a high-affinity state of plant H(+)-ATPase with a low Km value (0.1 mM) for ATP. Removal of an additional 12 amino acids from the C terminus resulted in a significant increase in molecular activity of the enzyme. There was a close correlation between molecular activity of the various plant H(+)-ATPase species and their ability to complement mutants of the endogenous yeast plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase (pma1). This correlation demonstrates that, at least in this heterologous host, activation of H(+)-ATPase is a prerequisite for proper energization of the plasma membrane.
TECHNOLOGY TO SEPARATE RUBBER CRUMB FROM FIBER (2006)

Tests at a research laboratory and field evaluation at a commercial tire recycling facility demonstrated thereliability and economic value of a new machine to separate the waste fluff produced by tire recycling plants into marketableproducts such as crumb rubber and fiber. Two new fluff recycling machines were designed, constructed, patented, and testedin the lab (prototype and improved), and one (prototype) was tested in a commercial plant. Processing the fluff from severalrecycling plants with the prototype machine yielded from 34% to 87% crumb and from 1% to 26% fiber. The crumb was mostly300 microns or smaller. The quantity of un-ground rubber in the fluff ranged from 2% to 64% and greatly impacted the amountof recoverable crumb and fiber. Field tests at a commercial tire recycling facility were successful and the prototype machineyielded 70% crumb, 13% clean fiber, 9% partially cleaned fiber, 5% large pieces of un-ground rubber, and 3% cyclone waste.Evaluation of the improved machine with fluff from five recycling plants produced 40% to 67% crumb, mostly 300 micronsor smaller. The highly variable raw material yielded from 1% to 21% clean fiber, 9% to 30% rough fiber, and 3% to 48%un-ground rubber. Economic evaluation for three tire recycling plants that processed between 2 and 5 million tires annuallyindicated that their gross income could be increased from $0.67 to $1.94 million per year depending on the quantity of tiresprocessed and the landfill costs. The machines process about 1490 kg/h/m (1000 lb/h/ft) of width and cost about $100,000.
Nonlinear light scattering from clusters and single particles (2009)

We present sum-frequency-scattering experiments on colloidal dispersions with various concentrations and in different scattering geometries. At small scattering angles, large fluctuations are observed in the intensity of the scattered sum-frequency photons. By considering the angular dependence of the signal, the particle concentration dependence, and the surface vibrational spectra of the particle, we have determined that the fluctuations are caused by scattering from clusters of particles. We further demonstrate that dynamic nonlinear light scattering may be used to measure the size of the correlated particle clusters.
Surging electricity demand growth bolsters outlook for natural gas (1994)

Economic expansion and regulatory reform are combining to boost global opportunities for burning gas to generate electric power. Companies producing, marketing, or transporting gas are capitalizing on the improved outlook by seizing on synergistic roles in the power generation chain. Much of the improved outlook for gas stems from projected hearty increases in global demand for electricity. Bechtel Power Corp., estimates global power generation capacity during 1994--2003 will increase to as much as 1.2 billion kw, about 25% of which could be added by independent power production (IPPs). Since about 200 bcf of gas reserves producing about 20 MMcfd of gas is needed to fuel of a 100,000 kw electric generating station for 25 years, that adds up to a major growth opportunity for gas producers. The paper discusses the assessment of gas reserves, US power growth, the intent of the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (Epact), effects of Epact, gas industry response, power marketing units, synergistic possibilities, effects on US utilities, international power imperatives, non-US projects, funding good projects, and forecasting future developments.
”Was kann eine gute stehende Schaubühne eigentlich wirken?” (Schiller) (1994)

In den siebziger und achtziger Jahren des achtzehnten Jahrhunderts kommt es zu einem forcierten Wandel nicht nur im Hamburger Theater durch Ansätze einer praktischen Umsetzung von neuen wirkungsästhetischen Überlegungen. Das Theater, lange Zeit eine verachtete Vergnügungsstätte vorrangig der ungebildeten Bevölkerungsschichten, bespielt von gesellschaftlich deklassierten Wanderschauspielern, erfährt eine gewaltige Aufwertung durch Ideen zu einem Theater als Bildungsstätte. Der progressive Gehalt dieser Idee kann gar nicht hoch genug eingeschätzt werden: Noch vor kurzem wurden die SchauspielerInnen in einem Atemzug mit Artisten und Gauklern auf dem Markplatz genannt, und nun sollen sie den Bürger bilden, ihm ein Vorbild vor Augen stellen. Das neue Verständnis von den Möglichkeiten und Aufgaben des Theaters setzt einen komplexen Prozeß in Gang, der das Theater vetstärkt in die Wandlungen der bürgerlichen Schichten einbezieht und ihm mit der Konstituierung als einer Bildungsstätte, aber auch einer Arbeitsstätte bürgerlichen Zuschnitts ein völlig neues Gesicht verleiht. Der geschilderte Theaterabend hat diese Umbruchphase thematisiert, wenn beispielsweise traditionelle Publikumserwartungen auf die Reformbestrebungen des Theaterleiters Schröder stoßen.
Gene Transfer <i>In Vivo</i> with DNA–Liposome Complexes: Safety and Acute Toxicity in Mice (1992)

DNA can be introduced into a variety of cell types after formation of liposomal complexes with cationic lipids. In this report, conditions have been established to optimize the production of DNA-liposome complexes that efficiently transfect cells. The safety and toxicity of this method of gene delivery have been assessed after in vivo administration, either by intravenous or direct intratumor injection. Nine to eleven days after intravenous injection, DNA was found primarily in heart and lung tissue by PCR analysis. No abnormalities were evident from histologic examination of tissue, examination of tissue-specific serum enzymes, routine biochemical parameters, or electrocardiographic monitoring. DNA-liposome complexes can therefore be used for the delivery of recombinant genes in vivo with minimal toxicity.
Antitumor mechanism of evodiamine, a constituent from Chinese herb Evodiae fructus , in human multiple-drug resistant breast cancer NCI/ADR-RES cells in vitro and in vivo (2005)

Drug resistance is one of the main obstacles to the successful treatment of cancer. The availability of agents that are highly effective against drug-resistant cancer cells is therefore essential. The present study was performed to examine the anticancer effects of evodiamine, a major constituent of the Chinese herb Evodiae fructus, in adriamycin-resistant human breast cancer NCI/ADR-RES cells. Evodiamine inhibited the proliferation of NCI/ADR-RES cells in a concentration-dependent manner with a GI50 of 0.59 +/- 0.11 microM. This agent also caused a substantial apoptosis at 1 microM. FACScan flow cytometric analysis of cell cycle progression revealed that a G2/M arrest was initiated after a 12-h exposure to the drug. Evodiamine increased tubulin polymerization as determined by the immunocytochemical and in vivo tubulin polymerization analyses. In a time- and concentration-dependent manner, evodiamine also promoted the phosphorylations of Raf-1 kinase and Bcl-2. The phosphorylation site of Raf-1 kinase was identified to be serine338. The in vivo anticancer effects of evodiamine were evaluated in Balb-c/nude mice following a tumor xenograft implantation of NCI/ADR-RES cells. The antitumor activity of evodiamine against the human multiple-drug resistant tumor xenograft was found to be superior to that of paclitaxel. Evodiamine therefore represents a highly promising chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of human multiple-drug resistant cancer cells.
A comparative study of post‐juvenile moult in four species of<i>Sylvia</i>warbler (1990)

This paper contains the commencement, sequence, extent and duration of moult, and body weights during moult in first‐year Sylvia warblers. Lesser Whitethroats, Whitethroats and Blackcaps moulted the five feather areas in the same sequence but Garden Warblers differed in the sequence of wing‐covert moult. Extent of moult was similar, except for wing‐coverts, which differed both within and between species with Lesser Whitethroats moulting the most feathers and Garden Warblers the least. Variations in duration of moult were also present with Garden Warblers the first to start and finish moult and Blackcaps the last. Mean body weights (in all species) followed similar patterns with higher mean weights when in mid‐moult suggesting that energy demands were highest when the greatest number of feathers were growing. Body weights for birds in fresh plumage are discussed speculatively.
Design and Experiment on Differentially-Driven Microstrip Antennas (2007)

Design and experiment is given of differentially-driven microstrip antennas. First, the design formulas to determine the patch dimensions and the location of the feed point for single-ended microstrip antennas are examined to design differentially-driven microstrip antennas. It is found that the patch length can still be designed using the formulas for the required resonant frequency but the patch width calculated by the formula usually needs to be widen to ensure the excitation of the fundamental mode using the probe feeds. The condition that links the patch width, the locations of the probe feeds, and the excitation of the fundamental mode is given. Second, the wideband techniques for single-ended microstrip antennas are evaluated for differentially-driven microstrip antennas. A novel H-slot is proposed for differentially-driven microstrip antennas to improve impedance bandwidth. Third, the effects of imperfect differential signal conditions on the performance of differentially-driven microstrip antennas are investigated for the first time. It is found that they only degrade the polarization purity in the -plane with an increased radiation of cross-polarization. Finally, both differentially-driven and single-ended microstrip antennas were fabricated and measured. It is shown that the simulated and measured results are in acceptable agreement. More importantly, it is also shown that the differentially-driven microstrip antenna has wider impedance bandwidth of measured 4.1% and simulated 3.9% and higher gain of measured 4.2 dBi and simulated 3.7 dBi as compared with those of measured 1.9% and simulated 1.3% and gain of measured 1.2 dBi and simulated 1.2 dBi of the single-ended microstrip antenna.