gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Battery electrode matrixes. [fabrication] (1971)

A sponge-like material is impregnated with a slurry containing a conducting active anode material and a plastic binder. The electrode made from this material is heated to increasingly high temperatures. The porous matrix which remains can itself be used as an electrode, or its pores can be filled with active material. (RWR)
Maximum Eigenvalue Detection: Theory and Application (2008)

Channel sensing, i.e., detecting the presence of primary users, is a fundamental problem in cognitive radio. Energy detection is optimal for detecting independent and identically distributed (iid) signals, but not optimal for detecting correlated signals. In this paper, a method is proposed based on the sample covariance matrix calculated from a limited number of received signal samples. The maximum eigenvalue of the sample covariance matrix is used as the test statistic. Since the covariance matrix catches the correlations among the signal samples, the proposed method is better than the energy detection for correlated signals. For iid signals, the method approaches to the energy detection. The random matrix theory is used to analyze the method and set the threshold. Similar to energy detection, the methods do not need any information of the source signal and the channel as a priori. Also, no synchronization is needed. Simulations based on wireless microphone signals and iid signals are presented to verify the method.
How to Connect (1994)

This beautifully illustrated four-color guide is the ideal way for new users to get up and running with the world of online services. Based on the bestselling How It Works series, this book reveals the hidden secrets to buying your first modem, connecting to an online system, managing download files, and everything in between. (Communications / Networking)
The K-pulse and E-pulse (1987)

The relationship between the K-pulse and the E-pulse is considered. Conditions are derived whereby the two waveforms differ, at most, by a multiplicative constant.
Memory switching effects in a-Si/c-Si heterojunction bipolar structures (1992)

The authors report a three-terminal undoped amorphous silicon (a-Si)/p-n crystalline silicon (c-Si) structure, which exhibits OFF and ON states. An OFF state is characterized by a current in the structure in the low nanoampere range due to the large resistance of the undoped a-Si layer, while in the ON state the structure exhibits a large conductance and its current is determined in practice by the load resistance. Reversible switching between the two states with a rise time of about 40 ns and a fall time of about 200 ns was achieved by applying appropriate positive or negative current pulses to the base of the c-Si p-n junction. The structure can be integrated into a standard bipolar process, and, being of a size suitable for VLSI applications, may be useful as a basic three-terminal memory cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Peptide-Based Antimicrobials for Tackling Drug Resistance in Bacteria: Single-Cell Fluorescence Imaging (2013)

New peptide molecules with metal binding abilities proved to be active against multidrug resistant clinical isolates. One of them labeled with a dansylated lysine has been imaged inside single-multidrug resistant bacteria cells by deep ultraviolet fluorescence, showing a heterogeneous subcellular localization. The fluorescence intensity is clearly related to the accumulation of the drug inside the bacteria, being dependent both on its concentration and on the incubation time with cells.
Checking for Race Conditions in File Accesses (1996)

Flaws due to race conditions in which the binding of a name to an object changes between repeated references occur in many programs. We examine one type of this flaw in the UNIX operating system, and describe a semantic method for detecting possible instances of this problem. We present the results of one such analysis in which a previously undiscovered race condition flaw was found. 1. Introduction Ordinary bugs and misconfigurations prevent applications or systems from functioning correctly. By contrast, security holes or vulnerabilities enable a user (called an attacker) to gain privileges, access to data, or the ability to interfere with others&apos; work via by exploitation. Much research, especially in the field of intrusion detection [5][9], draws on characteristics of these attacks [12]. But many attacks can exploit a single vulnerability, implying that the characteristics of the flaws themselves are more fundemental and should be of interest. This work focuses on a semantic chara...
35-GHz HEMT amplifiers fabricated using integrated HEMT-HBT material grown by selective MBE (1994)

We have fabricated 35-GHz balanced low-noise amplifiers using pseudomorphic InGaAs-GaAs HEMT material monolithically integrated with HBT material grown by selective MBE. The 0.2-μm T-gate HEMT amplifiers fabricated using a merged HEMT-HBT process have equivalent gain and noise figure compared to amplifiers fabricated using normal MBE and our baseline HEMT-only process. This demonstration of high performance HEMT amplifiers using integrated HEMT-HBT material and a merged HEMT-HBT process enables the fabrication of a new class of multifunction monolithic microwave integrated circuits.
Effect of Parathyroid-Hormone-Related Protein on Sodium-Dependent Phosphate Transport in Renal Brush Border Membrane Vesicles in Rats (1993)

Parathyroid-hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has significant homology with parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the amino-terminal region. We compared the effects of synthetic human PTHrP [hPTHrP(1-34)] on Na(+)-dependent phosphate transport with those of synthetic human PTH [hPTH(1-34)]. Intravenous administration of hPTHrP(1-34) in parathyroidectomized rats caused hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia and phosphaturia to the same degree as hPTH(1-34). In kinetic studies using renal brush border membrane vesicles, the apparent Km and Vmax of phosphate transport were identical for the two peptides [hPTHrP(1-34): Km 27.6 +/- 0.8 microM, Vmax 3.78 +/- 0.04 nmol/mg protein, hPTH(1-34): Km 29.6 +/- 0.9 microM, Vmax 3.04 +/- 0.90 nmol/mg protein]. Both hPTHrP(1-34) and hPTH(1-34) at a supramaximal dose were equipotent in eliciting a 12-fold increase in cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) production in the kidney. These results indicate that, in addition to the similar effect of hPTHrP(1-34) and hPTH(1-34) on serum calcium levels and urinary phosphorus and nephrogenous cAMP excretion in vivo, these two peptides have similar effects of Na(+)-dependent phosphate transport in brush border membrane vesicles in vitro.
Partitioned block frequency-domain adaptive second-order Volterra filter (2005)

Finite-length Volterra filters are known to be able to model a wide range of real world nonlinear systems. In this paper, we present an algorithm that allows for different memory lengths of the linear and quadratic Volterra kernel while preserving the advantages of fast convolution techniques in the frequency domain for a second-order Volterra filter. This is achieved by extending partitioned block methods to second-order Volterra filters. To obtain corresponding adaptive realizations of the proposed approach, we present generalizations of known frequency-domain algorithms for Volterra filters and partitioned block frequency-domain adaptive filters for linear systems, respectively. To exploit the advantages of adaptive frequency-domain algorithms with respect to convergence speed, we provide a frequency bin-wise normalization of the step-size parameters. To evaluate the performance of the proposed approach, simulation results are given for the application to nonlinear acoustic echo cancellation. The results confirm the improved convergence of a second-order partitioned block frequency-domain adaptive Volterra filter (PBFDAVF) compared with time-domain adaptation of the kernel coefficients.
Chloroplast Origin and Integration (2001)

The origin of oxygenic photosynthesis must rank just after the origin of life itself as one of the most significant events in the history of life. The early photosynthesizers, which Bill Schopf has shown were similar to modern cyanobacteria (32), made earth a nicer place to live by quietly cranking
A Convenient Preparation of Glycosyl Chlorides from Aryl/Alkyl Thioglycosides (2000)

[reaction: see text]Because of the vast structural diversity encountered in the field of glycobiology, versatile methods for orthogonal oligosaccharide assembly are always of interest. Reported herein is the preparation of glycosyl chloride donors obtained by reaction of the corresponding thioglycoside precursors with chlorosulfonium chloride reagent 4. The crude chlorides thus obtained can be used directly in subsequent glycosylation reactions, and examples of the generality of this approach are provided.
Pharmacokinetics of Eprosartan in Healthy Subjects, Patients with Hypertension, and Special Populations (1999)

After oral administration of eprosartan to healthy volunteers, bioavailability is approximately 13%, with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1–2 hours after an oral dose in the fasted state. Food slows the rate of absorption and changes the overall extent by less than 25%, which is unlikely to be of clinical consequence. Plasma concentrations increase in a slightly less than dose‐proportional manner from 100–800 mg. There is no evidence of significant accumulation of eprosartan with long‐term therapy. The drug's terminal elimination half‐life is typically 5–9 hours after oral administration. The agent is highly protein bound (∼ 98%), with low plasma clearance (∼ 130 ml/minute) and small volume of distribution (∼ 13 L). It is primarily unmetabolized by the liver, with less than 2% of an oral dose recovered in the urine as a glucuronide. Biliary (primary) and renal excretion contribute to its elimination. No dosage adjustment is required in patients with mild to moderate renal impairment. Although an increase in systemic exposure to eprosartan was observed in the elderly, in patients with hepatic impairment, and in those with severe renal disease, this finding is unlikely to be of clinical consequence, based on the drug's excellent safety and tolerability profile (doses up to 1200 mg) in phase III clinical trials in hypertensive patients. Eprosartan can be safely administered to these special populations without an initial dosage adjustment, with subsequent dosing individualized based on tolerability and response.
The importance of atmospheric differential refraction in spectrophotometry (1982)

The effects of atmospheric differential refraction on astronomical measurements are much more important than is generally assumed. In particular, it is shown that relative line and continuum intensities in spectrophotometric work may be erroneous if this phenomenon is neglected. To help observers minimize these errors, the relation between object position and optimal slit or aperture orientation is derived, and practical tables and graphs are presented for use at the telescope.
A 6.1 to 13.3-kb/s variable rate CELP codec (VR-CELP) for AMR speech coding (1999)

We propose a new 6.1 to 13.3-kb/s speech codec called variable rate code-excited linear prediction (VR-CELP) for adaptive multi-rate (AMR) transmission over mobile radio channels such as GSM or UMTS. The AMR concept allows to operate with almost wireline speech quality for poor channel conditions and better quality for good channel conditions. This is achieved by dynamically splitting the gross bit rate of the transmission system between source and channel coding according to the current channel conditions. Thus the source coding scheme must be designed for seamless switching between rates without annoying artifacts. To enhance the transmission quality under very poor channel conditions, a new powerful error concealment strategy based on estimation theory is applied.
State-of-Technology for Joining TD-NICr Sheet (1972)

At the current state-of-technology there are many joining processes that can be used to make sound welds in TD-NiCr sheet. Some of these that are described in this report are electron beam welding, gas-tungsten arc welding, diffusion welding, resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, and brazing. The strengths of the welds made by the various processes show considerable variation, especially at elevated temperatures. Most of the fusion welding processes tend to give weak welds at elevated temperatures (with the exception of fusion-type resistance spotwelds). However, solid-state welds have been made with parent metal properties. The process used for a specific application will be dictated by the specific joint requirements. In highly stressed joints at elevated temperatures, one of the solid-state processes, such as DFW, RSW (solid-state or fusion), and RSEW, offer the most promise.
Effect of novobiocin on the antitumor activity and tumor cell and bone marrow survivals of three alkylating agents. (1989)

Our previous in vitro studies demonstrated marked synergy with alkylating agents when novobiocin was present during and after alkylating agent exposure. To determine whether this effect is observed in vivo, novobiocin was administered daily for 3 days prior to alkylating agent treatment, during alkylating agent treatment, and for 2 days after completion of alkylating agent treatment. When combined with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea, or cyclophosphamide, there was significant enhancement of the growth delay of the FSaIIC fibrosarcoma implanted s.c. in C3H mice when compared with alkylating agents alone. In a second assay using ex vivo studies of tumor cells exposed in vivo, single doses of 100 mg/kg of novobiocin followed by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) resulted in a 3- to 4-fold increase in tumor cell killing by cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). At a dose of 100 mg/kg of 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea there was about a 7-fold increase in tumor cell kill upon addition of novobiocin. Cyclophosphamide showed a dose response effect with novobiocin, reaching 13-fold at a dose of 300 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide. In all cases bone marrow elements were affected less than were neoplastic cells, suggesting that the combination of novobiocin and alkylating agents may be a clinically useful strategy.
A monoclonal thyroid-stimulating antibody (2002)

The thyrotropin receptor, also known as the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), is the primary antigen of Graves disease. Stimulating TSHR antibodies are the cause of thyroid overstimulation and were originally called long-acting thyroid stimulators due to their prolonged action. Here we report the successful cloning and characterization of a monoclonal antibody (MS-1) with TSHR-stimulating activity. The thyroid-stimulating activity of MS-1 was evident at IgG concentrations as low as 20 ng/ml. MS-1 also competed for radiolabeled TSH binding to the native TSHR and was able to compete for TSH-induced stimulation. MS-1 recognized a conformational epitope within the TSHR α (or A) subunit but excluding the receptor cleavage region. Using an assay measuring loss of antibody recognition after cleavage we demonstrated that MS-1, in contrast to TSH, was unable to enhance TSHR posttranslational cleavage. Since receptor cleavage is followed by α subunit shedding and receptor degradation, the functional half-life of the receptor may be extended. The isolation and characterization of MS-1 provides a novel explanation for the prolonged thyroid stimulation in this disease which may be secondary to the lack of receptor cleavage in addition to the prolonged half-life of IgG itself.
Advances in telecommunications networks (1995)

Network Architecture Evolution. Digital Multiplexing and Transmission. DSO and Substrate Signals. DS1 Signal. DS3 Signal. Synchronization. DCS 1/0 System. DCS 3/1 System. DCS 3/3 System. Network Operations. Survivability with DCS 3/3. SONET. Survivability with SONET Rings. Future Network Services and Technology.
Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood cells for early detection of breast cancer (2010)

We have identified a gene signature in whole blood that classifies breast cancer patients and healthy women with good accuracy supporting our previous findings.
Binding of tissue plasminogen activator to human monocytes and monocytoid cells (1991)

Monocytes and monocytoid cell lines previously have been shown to express receptors for plasminogen and urokinase (u-PA). In the present study, the monocytoid cell lines, U937 and THP-1, are shown to bind tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) in a specific, saturable, and reversible manner. These cells bound t-PA with low affinity (kd = 0.67 to 0.97 mumol/L) and high capacity (0.71 to 3.3 x 10(6) receptors/cell). Human peripheral blood monocytes bound t-PA with a kd (0.9 mumol/L) similar to that of the monocytoid cells but with a lower capacity (0.17 x 10(6) sites/cell). These binding parameters also were similar to the low-affinity interaction of t-PA with endothelial cells as measured with the cells in suspension (kd = 0.73 mumol/L and 1.1 x 10(6) sites/cell). Lysine analogues and active or diisopropylfluorophosphate-inactivated u-PA inhibited t-PA binding to monocytes, monocytoid cells, and endothelial cells with similar IC50 (concentration producing 50% inhibition) values, suggesting that the same recognition specificity mediates t-PA binding to all of these cell types. The existence of a high-affinity binding site for t-PA on monocytoid cells was also explored in detail. Unlike endothelial cells where plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 has been implicated in mediating a high-affinity interaction of t-PA with the cells, no evidence for a role of this inhibitor in ligand binding to the monocytoid cells was found. Furthermore, using both high and low 125I-t-PA concentrations, competition analyses with lysine analogues or u-PA, or treatment of the cells with carboxypeptidase B, failed to indicate the presence of distinguishable classes of t-PA binding sites. In sum, low-affinity receptors for t-PA are expressed at high density on monocytes and monocytoid cells, identifying a new element in the fibrinolytic arsenal of these cells.
A linear ultraviolet flashlamp with self-replenishing cathode (1992)

The design of this linear ultraviolet (UV) flashlamp ensures an equilibrium between the mercury cathode erosion and the return of mercury atoms from the discharge, making the cathode self-replenishing. The lamp, which requires a simmer current of only 0.3 A, can operate in the region of high pulse peak currents and current densities where a conventional xenon flashlamp experiences a rapid deterioration. The lamp has a minimal length of 7.5 cm and can be loaded up to 100 W/cm. It has demonstrated about 30% output in the UV region and has proven efficient for dissociation of organic compounds and for disinfection, and has promise for other photochemical applications.
Long-range and high-precision correlation optical time-domain reflectometry utilizing an all-fiber chaotic source (2015)

We propose a long range, high precision optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) based on an all-fiber supercontinuum source. The source simply consists of a CW pump laser with moderate power and a section of fiber, which has a zero dispersion wavelength near the laser's central wavelength. Spectrum and time domain properties of the source are investigated, showing that the source has great capability in nonlinear optics, such as correlation OTDR due to its ultra-wide-band chaotic behavior, and mm-scale spatial resolution is demonstrated. Then we analyze the key factors limiting the operational range of such an OTDR, e. g., integral Rayleigh backscattering and the fiber loss, which degrades the optical signal to noise ratio at the receiver side, and then the guideline for counter-act such signal fading is discussed. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate a correlation OTDR with 100km sensing range and 8.2cm spatial resolution (1.2 million resolved points), as a verification of theoretical analysis.
Enabling physical analytics in retail stores using smart glasses (2014)

We consider the problem of tracking physical browsing by users in indoor spaces such as retail stores. Analogous to online browsing, where users choose to go to certain webpages, dwell on a subset of pages of interest to them, and click on links of interest while ignoring others, we can draw parallels in the physical setting, where a user might walk purposefully to a section of interest, dwell there for a while, gaze at specific items, and reach out for the ones that they wish to examine more closely.
Human Herpesvirus 6 Chromosomal Integration in Immunocompetent Patients Results in High Levels of Viral DNA in Blood, Sera, and Hair Follicles (2006)

Six immunocompetent patients with human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) chromosomal integration had HHV-6 and beta-globin DNA quantified in various samples by PCR. The mean HHV-6 DNA concentration (log(10) copies/milliliter) in blood was 7.0 (>/=1 HHV-6 DNA copies/leukocyte), and in serum it was 5.3 (>/=1 HHV-6 DNA copies/lysed cell). The mean HHV-6 DNA load (log(10) copies)/hair follicle was 4.2 (>/=1 copies/hair follicle cell), demonstrating that viral integration is not confined to blood cells. The characteristically high HHV-6 DNA levels in chromosomal integration may confound laboratory diagnosis of HHV-6 infection and should be given due consideration.
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease: a comparison of the colorectal cancer risk in extensive colitis. (1994)

The risk of developing colorectal cancer has been compared in two identically selected cohorts of patients with extensive Crohn's colitis (n = 125) and extensive ulcerative colitis (n = 486). In both groups the effects of selection bias have been reduced wherever possible. There was an 18-fold increase in the risk of developing colorectal cancer in extensive Crohn's colitis and a 19-fold increase in risk in extensive ulcerative colitis when compared with the general population, matched for age, sex, and years at risk. The absolute cumulative frequency of risk for developing colorectal cancer in extensive colitis was 8% at 22 years from onset of symptoms in the Crohn's disease group and 7% at 20 years from onset in the ulcerative colitis group. The relative risk of colorectal cancer was increased in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease among those patients whose colitis started before the age of 25 years. Whether the absolute risk is greater in the younger age group or merely reflects that the expected number of carcinomas increases with age is uncertain. While there is an increased risk of developing colorectal cancer in extensive colitis the number of patients with Crohn's disease who actually develop colorectal cancer is small because many patients with extensive Crohn's colitis undergo colectomy early in the course of their disease to relieve persistent symptoms unresponsive to medical treatment.
Solubilization of water in non-polar solvents by detergent mixtures (1954)

S. R. Palit and V. Venkateswarlu, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 2129 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540002129
Improved coupling for aperture coupled microstrip antennas (1991)

An aperture shape that gives significantly improved coupling for an aperture coupled microstrip antenna is described. This ‘dogbone’ aperture consists of the usual rectangular slot, augmented with loading slots at each end. Measured data show an increase of more than three for the resonant input impedance of an antenna using the dogbone-shaped aperture, as compared with the input impedance of the same antenna with a rectangular slot of the same overall length. The field distributions of both slots are also measured, and compared.