gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional polyphenylene: experimentally available porous graphene as a hydrogen purification membrane (2010)

We demonstrate computationally that two-dimensional polyphenylene is a typical semiconductor with a wide band gap, and the porous structure endows polyphenylene remarkably high selectivity for H(2) permeability relative to CO(2), CO and CH(4). This experimentally available porous graphene is expected to find applications in a hydrogen energy society.
Insertion Sequence IS <i>900</i> Revisited (2006)

Many studies investigating Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in Crohn's disease have used molecular detection of IS900 in clinical samples, but some have described polymorphisms in IS900 as variants of this organism. Analysis of 23 M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolates revealed that IS900 is highly conserved, with only two sequevars distinguishing sheep and cattle lineages. Amplification of IS900-like sequences is not sufficient as a proxy for M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Semiconductor Electrodes: X . Photoelectrochemical Behavior of Several Polycrystalline Metal Oxide Electrodes in Aqueous Solutions (1977)

An investigation was made of the photoelectrochemical properties of several polycrystalline metal oxide electrodes prepared by chemical vapor deposition, direct oxidation of the metal or heating of suitable metal salt solutions. Further data are given on the behavior of the previously discussed TiO/sub 2/ and Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ electrodes including tunneling effects and the operation of the Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/ in a solar cell. Other n-type materials studied were V/sub 2/O/sub 5/, WO/sub 3/, and PbO. WO/sub 3/ and PbO showed good anodic photocurrents but only WO/sub 3/ appeared stable. Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ showed both n- and p-type photocurrents, but had a poor stability. CuO produced a good cathodic photocurrent (indicating p-type behavior) with a photoresponse at wavelengths of 700 nm and below. Two other oxides, Cr/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and CoO, exhibited small p-type photoeffects.
Optimal electric power distribution system reliability indices using binary programming (2003)

At present, most electric distribution utilities measure their reliability performance using reliability indices such as system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) and system average interruption duration index (SAIDI). However, using SAIFI and SAIDI as performance indices is insufficient to measure the outage cost of utilities and customers. The outage cost reflects actual damage efficiently. Additionally, life cycle cost (LCC) and investment cost of protective devices are important factors, which the utility providers need to consider. Adding protective devices in an electrical distribution system can decrease the outage cost by protecting public customers from local faults, but it may also increase the LCC and investment cost of the protective devices. In this paper, we propose an optimization technique to identify types and positions of protective devices to minimize the outage cost, the LCC and the investment cost according to system requirement constraints. This research aims to help the decision-maker in providing appropriate protective device allocations in the electrical distribution system. We apply our optimization technique with a nonlinear binary programming tool.
Resolution of evolutionary conflict: a general theory and its applications (1994)

Abstract While many cases in which conflict over the evolution of social behavior exists even between closely related individuals (e.g., parent‐offspring conflict) have been pointed out, little attention has been paid on the problem of where such conflict should lead. A general theory of conflict resolution, however, has recently been developed. The key idea of the theory is the incorporation of conflict costs in the inclusive fitness evaluation. The theory shows that if both sides engaged in the conflict can potentially control the other at a cost, the coevolutionary game of escalating the fight with increased conflict costs always leads either side to give in to the other, resolving the conflict. Here we examine the logical basis of the theory in terms of a simplest example, donor‐recipient conflict over the evolution of altruism, and to show its different types of application we review two more specific examples: reproductive‐worker conflict over true (sterile) worker evolution in termites and insider‐outsider conflict over group size determination. The latter exemplifies the resolution of conflict over the value of a variable (group size in this case) rather than a behavior, suggesting extended applicability of the basic theory.
Using a Prompt Sheet to Improve the Reference Interview in a Health Telephone Helpline Service (2007)

Objective - The study examined whether a prompt sheet improved the reference interview process for health information advisers working at NHS Direct, a 24 hour telephone helpline that provides confidential health care advice for the public in England.  Method - A randomised control trial was conducted at eight NHS Direct sites across England in 2003-04. Newly recruited health information advisers (n=30), full and part-time, were randomly allocated to a control group (n=15) or intervention group (n=15), and 26 completed the study. Existing health information advisers were involved in the planning and design of the intervention. The prompt sheet included prompts for demographic information, reason for call, condition/treatment plan, existing knowledge of caller, special needs of the caller, handling a call empathetically, conclusion. Testing of reference interview expertise was done at the end of basic training, and two months later, using the same ten test questions, that were based on common questions received by NHS Direct. A relevance framework for possible responses was drawn up for each question for scoring test responses, with more relevant responses scoring higher than less relevant responses.  Results - The average score of prompt (experimental) and non-prompt (control) participants increased on the second test, for each of the 10 questions. The prompt group improved significantly more overall than the control group. There was variation within the groups. Sixteen health information assistants showed a net increase in their score over all ten questions (10 experimental group, six control group). The post-test score for an individual on a particular question did sometimes decrease from the pre-test score, but all 26 improved on at least one question. Previous call handler experience did not appear to influence the extent of improvement, but length and type of experience in the post may have an influence.  Conclusion - The trial demonstrated the benefit of a simple and inexpensive prompt sheet for some, though not all, newly recruited health information advisers to improve their reference interview technique.
The γ <sub>1</sub> 34.5 protein of herpes simplex virus 1 complexes with protein phosphatase 1α to dephosphorylate the α subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 and preclude the shutoff of protein synthesis by double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase (1997)

In human cells infected with herpes simplex virus 1 the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is activated but phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF-2) and total shutoff of protein synthesis is observed only in cells infected with gamma(1)z34.5- mutants. The carboxyl-terminal 64 aa of gamma(1)34.5 protein are homologous to the corresponding domain of MyD116, the murine growth arrest and DNA damage gene 34 (GADD34) protein and the two domains are functionally interchangeable in infected cells. This report shows that (i) the carboxyl terminus of MyD116 interacts with protein phosphatase 1alpha in yeast, and both MyD116 and gamma(1)34.5 interact with protein phosphatase 1alpha in vitro; (ii) protein synthesis in infected cells is strongly inhibited by okadaic acid, a phosphatase 1 inhibitor; and (iii) the alpha subunit in purified eIF-2 phosphorylated in vitro is specifically dephosphorylated by S10 fractions of wild-type infected cells at a rate 3000 times that of mock-infected cells, whereas the eIF-2alpha-P phosphatase activity of gamma(1)34.5- virus infected cells is lower than that of mock-infected cells. The eIF-2alpha-P phosphatase activities are sensitive to inhibitor 2. In contrast to eIF-2alpha-P phosphatase activity, extracts of mock-infected cells exhibit a 2-fold higher phosphatase activity on [32P]phosphorylase than extracts of infected cells. These results indicate that in infected cells, gamma(1)34.5 interacts with and redirects phosphatase to dephosphorylate eIF-2alpha to enable continued protein synthesis despite the presence of activated PKR. The GADD34 protein may have a similar function in eukaryotic cells. The proposed mechanism for maintenance of protein synthesis in the face of double-stranded RNA accumulation is different from that described for viruses examined to date.
Effect of Cell Appendages on the Adhesion Properties of a Highly Adhesive Bacterium,<i>Acinetobacter</i>sp. Tol 5 (2006)

A toluene-degrading bacterium, Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5, shows noteworthy adhesiveness mediated by two types of cell appendages. In this study, we obtained a less-adhesive mutant, T1, which lost both types of appendages, and investigated how the cell appendages affect the adhesion properties of this useful bacterium for environmental technology. Wild-type cells attained irreversible adhesion to polyurethane carriers within 30 s, while adhesion of T1 cells was still reversible at that time. While T1 showed decreased adhesion with decreasing ionic strength and did not adhere at all at 0.015 mM, adhesion of the wild type was fully independent of ionic strength. Acinetobacter sp. Tol 5 was also found to be not motile. Our results suggest that through the long distant interaction mediated by the appendages between the cells and surfaces, Tol 5 cells can attain irreversible adhesion very quickly without approaching the vicinity of the substratum.
Deregulated expression of DP1 induces epidermal proliferation and enhances skin carcinogenesis (2001)

E2F transcription factors have been implicated in several cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenic transformation. A functional E2F factor consists of a heterodimer containing an E2F polypeptide (E2F1-E2F6) and a DRTF1-polypeptide (DRTF1-polypeptide-1 (DP1) or DRTF1-polypeptide-2). It is the E2F subunit that supplies the transcriptional activation domain and the motif involved in binding to members of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor family. The role of the DP subunit in regulating E2F-dependent activities is not completely understood. To examine the properties of DP1 in vivo, we generated transgenic mouse lines expressing DP1 under the control of a keratin 5 (K5) promoter. Overexpression of DP1 in basal layer keratinocytes caused mild hyperplasia and hyperproliferation of the epidermis but did not result in increased apoptosis or spontaneous tumor development. Coexpression of DP1 with E2F1 or E2F4 in the epidermis of bigenic mice modestly enhanced proliferation and apoptosis over the levels induced by E2F1 or E2F4 expression alone. In a two-stage chemical carcinogenesis assay, more and larger skin tumors developed in K5 DP1 transgenic mice than in nontransgenic mice. These findings show that in this in vivo model, deregulated expression of DP1 on its own induced proliferation and enhanced carcinogenesis.
Nonlinear dependence between the surface reflectance and the duty-cycle of semiconductor nanorod array (2011)

The nonlinear dependence between the duty-cycle of semiconductor nanorod array and its surface reflectance minimization is demonstrated. The duty-cycle control on thin-SiO2 covered Si nanorod array is performed by O(2-) plasma pre-etching the self-assembled polystyrene nanosphere array mask with area density of 4 × 10(8) rod/cm(-2). The 120-nm high SiO2 covered Si nanorod array is obtained after subsequent CF4/O2 plasma etching for 160 sec. This results in a tunable nanorod diameter from 445 to 285 nm after etching from 30 to 80 sec, corresponding to a varying nanorod duty-cycle from 89% to 57%. The TM-mode reflection analysis shows a diminishing Brewster angle shifted from 71° to 54° with increasing nanorod duty-cycle from 57% to 89% at 532 nm. The greatly reduced small-angle reflectance reveals a nonlinear trend with enlarging duty-cycle, leading to a minimum surface reflectance at nanorod duty-cycle of 85%. Both the simulation and experiment indicate that such a surface reflectance minimum is even lower than that of a uniformly SiO2 covered Si substrate on account of its periodical nanorod array architecture with tuned duty-cycle.
Bridge related damage quantification using unmanned aerial vehicle imagery (2016)

Visual inspection procedures remain the primary method of infrastructure assessment throughout the USA, but their shortcomings are numerous. In addition to their widely acknowledged variability and subjectivity, the large scale of civil infrastructure systems presents expensive access and time requirements that constrain the frequency of visual inspections and result in poor temporal resolution, which hampers effective decision-making. To overcome this challenge, the research reported herein aimed to assess the ability of computer algorithms together with imagery collected by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to extract accurate and quantitative information to help inform infrastructure management decisions. Techniques such as homography and lens distortion correction are used in this article in a post-processing framework that allows the use of color images obtained by UAVs for actual damage quantification measurements. The experiments described in this article utilize a UAV with a mounted camera and provide measurements from a representative infrastructure mockup with several simulated damage scenarios. Deformation measurements, change detection (related to structural features and the size of deterioration), and crack pattern identification were all analyzed. The results indicated that the developed post-processing algorithms were able to extract quantitative information from UAV captured imagery. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TDP‐43 proteinopathy and chromosome 9p repeat expansion in <i>C9ORF72</i>: clinicopathologic correlation (2012)

Mutations in C9ORF72 resulting in expanded hexanucleotide repeats were recently reported to be the underlying genetic abnormality in chromosome 9p-linked frontotemporal lobar degeneration with TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kD (TDP-43) proteinopathy (FTLD-TDP), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with motor neuron disease (FTLD-MND). Several subsequent publications described the neuropathology as being similar to that of FTLD-TDP and ALS without C9ORF72 mutations, except that cases with mutations have p62 and ubiquitin positive, TDP-43 negative inclusions in cerebellum, hippocampus, neocortex, and basal ganglia. The identity of this protein is as yet unknown, and its significance is unclear. With the goal of potentially uncovering the significance of these inclusions, we compared the clinical, pathologic and genetic characteristics in cases with C9ORF72 mutations to those without. We confirmed the apparent specificity of p62 positive, TDP-43 negative inclusions to cases with C9ORF72 mutations. In hippocampus, these inclusions correlated with hippocampal atrophy. No additional correlations were uncovered. However, this is the first report to show that although most cases with C9ORF72 mutations were TDP type B, some of the pathologic characteristics in these cases were more similar to TDP types A and C than to type B cases. These include greater cortical and hippocampal atrophy, greater ventricular dilatation, more neuronal loss and gliosis in temporal lobe and striatum, and TDP-43 positive fine neuritic profiles in the hippocampus, implying that the C9ORF72 mutation modifies the pathologic phenotype of FTLD-TDP type B.
From time to depth imaging: An accurate workflow (2007)

We present a new strategy for depth velocity model building from pre‐stack time migrated gathers. It is based on a dense volumetric dip and residual move‐out (RMO) picking in the prestack time migrated domain. The kinematic information is demigrated to compute multi‐offset un‐migrated attributes — called seismic invariants — used as input data for a multi‐offset depth tomography. Compared to the corresponding existing strategy based on picking in the depth migrated domain, our new strategy allows to fully take advantage of a previous time imaging project. It bypasses the initial depth model building and initial prestack depth migration required for picking RMO in depth. Furthermore it takes advantage of the quality of a picking phase carried out on already reasonably focused time migrated dataset, with no compromise on the accuracy. We demonstrate the relevance of the approach on a real dataset.
Intralesional Injection of Triamcinolone Acetonide for Subcutaneous Lipoma causing Musculoskeletal and Neurologic Symptoms. (2018)

<b>Objective:</b> Benign subcutaneous lipomas can cause musculoskeletal pain and nerve impingement. We hypothesized that the potent lipolytic and atrophic effect of 40mg/mL triamcinolone acetonide would atrophy symptomatic lipomas so surgical excision could be avoided. <b>Design:</b> This was a cohort study. <b>Setting:</b> This study took place in an ultrasound injection clinic. <b>Participants:</b> Eight subjects with painful symptomatic lipoma were included. <b>Measurements:</b> Preprocedurally, the margins of the lipomas were palpated and marked with ink, then measured in centimeters (cm). Small lipomas (1-3cm) were injected with 40mg triamcinolone acetonide, while large lipomas (4-6cm) were injected with 80mg of triamcinolone acetonide. The subjects were reassessed at a four-month follow-up appointment and then again at one year and two years after the procedure. <b>Results:</b> Pre-injection, all eight subjects had symptoms related to impingement or pain with compression of the lipoma. At four months post-injection, none of the patients had symptoms attributable to the lipoma (<i>p</i><0.001). The mean lipoma palpable dimension was 5.0±1.2cm prior to the injection and was 2.0±1.1cm at four months after the injection, with a significant mean 3.0±0.3cm (60%) reduction in lipoma dimensions (<i>p</i><0.001). Two subjects demonstrated some mild hypopigmentation of the skin at four months post-injection. Within two years, three lipomas had symptomatically recurred, one of which was removed surgically and the two of which were reinjected. There were no infections or other serious adverse reactions that occurred. <b>Conclusions:</b> For individuals with painful subcutaneous lipoma, intralesional injection of 40mg/mL of triamcinolone acetonide is an effective and safe alternative to surgical excision or injection of sclerosing agents and should be considered as a reasonable therapeutic alternative in select patients.
Serum creatine kinase after exercise: Drawing the line between physiological response and exertional rhabdomyolysis (2011)

CK elevations and muscle pain are common during basic training. Widely accepted laboratory diagnostic values for ER are routinely exceeded in this military recruits, suggesting that CK levels >50 times the upper limit of normal are more specific. The findings support using CK as a marker for ER. Normal laboratory reference ranges for CK should be published by ethnicity.
Submicron-scale manipulation of phase separation in organic solar cells (2008)

This paper describes a method for controlling the submicron-scale phase separation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) and (6,6)-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester in organic solar cells. Using microcontact printing of self-assembled monolayers on the device buffer layer to divide the surface into two regimes having different surface energies, an interdigitated structure aligned vertical to the substrate surface is achieved after spontaneous surface-directed phase separation. The power conversion efficiency increases upon decreasing the grating spacing, reaching 2.47%. The hole mobility increased as a consequence of improved polymer chain ordering, resulting in higher device efficiency, while smaller pattern sizes were used.
A variant within the DNA repair gene XRCC3 is associated with the development of melanoma skin cancer. (2000)

Exposure to UV radiation is a major risk factor for the development of malignant melanoma. DNA damage caused by UV radiation is thought to play a major role in carcinogenesis induction. Multiprotein pathways involved in repairing UV-DNA damage are the base excision, the nucleotide excision, and the homologous double-stranded DNA repair pathways. This study used a sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) genotyping method to investigate the association between polymorphisms in DNA repair genes from these pathways with the development of malignant melanoma. The patient cohort was comprised of 125 individuals with malignant melanoma with lesions or staging suggesting a high risk of relapse or metastatic disease. The control population consisted of 211 individuals. We found the presence of a T allele in exon 7 (position 18067) of the XRCC3 gene was significantly associated with melanoma development (P = 0.004; odds ratio, 2.36; relative risk, 1.74). This gene codes for a protein involved in the homologous pathway of double-stranded DNA repair, thought to repair chromosomal fragmentation, translocations, and deletions. These results may provide further insights into the pathogenesis and the mechanism of UV-radiation induced carcinogenesis as well as having a role in prevention.
Localization of Surfactant Protein Synthesis in Human Lung by <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (1988)

In order to investigate the sites of synthesis of the pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins, we performed tissue in situ hybridization. We used frozen sections of human lung tissue and 35S-UTP-labeled cRNA probes to localize mRNAs for the 35 kDa surfactant-associated protein (PSP-A) and for the precursor of one of the hydrophobic, low molecular weight surfactant-associated proteins (PSP-B). We found that PSP-A mRNA is present only in the alveolar epithelial type II cells with alveolar macrophages, bronchiolar epithelium, and other cells of the interstitutium being negative. PSP-B mRNA is present in both alveolar type II cells and in some cells of the bronchiolar epithelium. Macrophages and other cells were negative. The data in this report demonstrate that: (1) type II pneumonocytes are capable of synthesizing both PSP-A and PSP-B, (2) some cells of the human bronchiolar epithelium contain PSP-B mRNA but not PSP-A, and (3) human alveolar macrophages do not synthesize either PSP-A or PSP-B.
Studies of Predators of the Balsam Woolly Aphid, <i>Adelges piceae</i> (Ratz.) (Homoptera: Adelgidae) X. Field Identification of <i>Laricobius erichsonii</i> Rosen. (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) (1962)

Over the past ten years a number of exotic predators have been introduced into New Brunswick and other parts of North America as part of a biological control program against the balsam woolly aphid, Adelges piceae (Ratz.). Several of these have become established and others show considerable promise. As introductions continue it becomes exceedingly important that field workers be able to distinguish rapidly all stages of introduced and native predators. Field identification characters for some species (Chamaemyiidae and Syrphidae) have been published in previous papers in this series (Brown and Clark, 1956, 1960; Clark and Brown, 1957) and have been found to be very useful.