gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adversarially Learned One-Class Classifier for Novelty Detection (2018)

Novelty detection is the process of identifying the observation(s) that differ in some respect from the training observations (the target class). In reality, the novelty class is often absent during training, poorly sampled or not well defined. Therefore, one-class classifiers can efficiently model such problems. However, due to the unavailability of data from the novelty class, training an end-to-end deep network is a cumbersome task. In this paper, inspired by the success of generative adversarial networks for training deep models in unsupervised and semi-supervised settings, we propose an end-to-end architecture for one-class classification. Our architecture is composed of two deep networks, each of which trained by competing with each other while collaborating to understand the underlying concept in the target class, and then classify the testing samples. One network works as the novelty detector, while the other supports it by enhancing the inlier samples and distorting the outliers. The intuition is that the separability of the enhanced inliers and distorted outliers is much better than deciding on the original samples. The proposed framework applies to different related applications of anomaly and outlier detection in images and videos. The results on MNIST and Caltech-256 image datasets, along with the challenging UCSD Ped2 dataset for video anomaly detection illustrate that our proposed method learns the target class effectively and is superior to the baseline and state-of-the-art methods.
Cu Bump Flip Chip Package Reliability on 28nm Technology (2016)

As Cu bump is widely adopted in microelectronic IC product packages for broader scope of applications throughout network communication and handheld device, it impacts on the interconnection joint integrity of package substrate to IC pad need to be well understood and managed which becomes even more critical as extreme Low-k (ELK) inter-metal dielectric material (IMD), with lower mechanical strength, is used in IC fabrication technology of current mainstream 28nm technology. Besides Cu bump joint reliability, the Cu bump joint stress induced ELK delamination defect of IC chip is the major concern due to high rigidity of Cu bump. Two flip-chip package types, mainly flip-chip BGA with 25x28 mm2 die and flip-chip CSP with 7x8 mm2 die for covering broader product application range, were evaluated for Cu bump impact on ELK delamination defect. By package assembly T0 CSAM check on various bump schemes and package types, the results showed that the remaining solder gap between the Cu pillar of Cu bump and the pad surface of substrate pad is the dominant factors to IC ELK delamination defect, followed by the IC/substrate pad offset issue at flip-chip reflow temperature issue. The study suggests that minimum of 10um solder gap post Cu bump joint to package substrate prevents the linkage of Cu/Ni/solder IMC (Inter-Metallic Compound) in the solder gap which creates a high stress path to IC ELK through the Cu pillar during flip-chip reflow. For large die Cu bump flip-chip packaging, minimum of 15um solder gap shall be requested to provide more stress buffer to sustain the high thermo-mechanical stress induced by flip-chip mount reflow process. The IC/substrate pad offset optimization is found being critical for preventing ELK delamination in large die package by minimizing Cu pillar induced high bending stress and solder wetting on Cu pillar side wall induced bump joint solder gap decrease.
Disdrometer calibration using an adaptive signal processing algorithm (2005)

Disdrometers are considered exotic instruments and provide valuable information. As such, their price tag is also high. Impact disdrometers are instruments that produce an electrical impulse output related to the mass of a rain drop colliding at terminal velocity with a sensor. The produced electrical impulse signal amplitude and energy are related to the drop diameters. This relation is in general nonlinear and depends heavily on the type of transducer used mechanical structure imperfections and electrical tolerances dictate the need for the individual calibration of each instrument in an attempt to create calibration curves that convert impulse amplitudes to equivalent drop diameters. Conventional calibration techniques using drop towers have been a tedious process to say the least. A proposed alternative calibration technique utilizing an adaptive signal processing algorithm eliminates the need of a single drop calibration. An accumulation rain gauge provides a reference signal to the disdrometer that is used for adaptive training and optimization of a model based calibration function. In this paper we describe a prototype low-cost disdrometer implementation at the University of Central Florida. A prototype impact sensor was built using an array of piezoelectric elements encapsulated in water resistant material. For the data acquisition and processing we use the soundboard of a general purpose computer. The signal processing algorithms and Matlab implementation will be described. Data have been collected and processed and results will be presented. Future plans on developing a low cost disdrometer will also be discussed. The availability of affordable disdrometers will benefit NASA's upcoming GPM program, as well as many other meteorological agencies.
Radiative and nonradiative transitions in the europium(III) hexaaza macrocyclic complex [Eu(C22H26N6)(CH3COO)](CH3COO)Cl.2H2O (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadiative and nonradiative transitions in the europium(III) hexaaza macrocyclic complex [Eu(C22H26N6)(CH3COO)](CH3COO)Cl.2H2ON. Sabbatini, L. De Cola, L. M. Vallarino, and G. BlasseCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 18, 4681–4685Publication Date (Print):August 27, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 27 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100302a011https://doi.org/10.1021/j100302a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An experimental study of the air humidification process using a membrane contactor (2017)

The article presents the results of the experimental examination of the effectiveness of air humidification using a membrane module. The construction of the membrane module and the measuring stand is also discussed. In order to assess the effectiveness of air humidification using the membrane module, the measurements of temperature and humidity at the membrane module’s inlet and outlet, air flow rate, water flow rate and water temperature were taken. Based on the measurements, the effectiveness coefficients, E, have been determined. The power demand for the solution under study has also been discussed.
Better living through ontologies at the Immune Epitope Database (2017)

www.iedb.org.
The Streptomyces ATP-binding component MsiK assists in cellobiose and maltose transport (1997)

Streptomyces reticuli harbors an msiK gene which encodes a protein with an amino acid identify of 90% to a corresponding protein previously identified in Streptomyces lividans. Immunological studies revealed that S. lividans and S. reticuli synthesize their highest levels of MsiK during growth with cellobiose, but not with glucose. Moreover, moderate amounts of MsiK are produced by both species in the course of growth with maltose, melibiose, and xylose and by S. lividans in the presence of xylobiose and raffinose. In contrast, a recently identified cellobiose-binding protein and its distantly related homolog were only found if S. reticuli or S. lividans, respectively, was cultivated with cellobiose. Uptake of cellobiose and maltose was tested and ascertained for S. reticuli and S. lividans, but not for an msiK S. lividans mutant. However, transformants of this mutant carrying the S. reticuli or S. lividans msiK gene on a multicopy plasmid had regained the ability to transport both sugars. The data show that MsiK assists two ABC transport systems.
Alternative splicing generates variants in important functional domains of human slow skeletal troponin T. (1987)

We provide the first nucleotide sequence information for the slow isoform of troponin T (TnT). Sequence and hybridization analyses revealed that a single slow TnT gene present in the human genome gives rise to at least two different slow TnT variants by alternative splicing. The observed variations in slow TnT splicing generated major structural differences between the two corresponding slow TnT proteins in a domain that is likely to be involved in critical interactions with troponin C, troponin I, and tropomyosin in the thin filament. Corresponding variations have not been found for fast or for cardiac TnT. The comparison of splicing patterns for fast, cardiac, and slow TnT reveals that the splicing pattern for each isoform is unique. These features raise important questions of why and how all the individual members of the closely related TnT gene family developed such complex but different schemes of alternative splicing to create sets of variant proteins. This unusual familial trait is not known in any other muscle or nonmuscle multigene family.
Enabling power-awareness for the Xen hypervisor (2018)

Virtualization allows simultaneous execution of multi-tenant workloads on the same platform, either a server or an embedded system. Unfortunately, it is non-trivial to attribute hardware events to multiple virtual tenants, as some system's metrics relate to the whole system (e.g., RAPL energy counters). Virtualized environments have then a rather incomplete picture of how tenants use the hardware, limiting their optimization capabilities. Thus, we propose XeM-Power, a lightweight monitoring solution for Xen that precisely accounts hardware events to guest workloads. It also enables attribution of CPU power consumption to individual tenants. We show that XeMPower introduces negligible overhead in power consumption, aiming to be a reference design for power-aware virtualized environments.
The Aluminum Alkoxide Rearrangement of Epoxides, Part I: The Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and Glycols Monoethers (1968)

Abstract The rearrangement of epoxides catalyzed by aluminum alkoxides affords a selective way of preparing allylic alcohols in high yields. It takes place in the presence of catalytic amounts of aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) which leads to cleavage of the ether linkage at the site of the more substituted α‐carbon of the oxirane. A mechanism with a six membered transition state involving a concerted proton transfer from the least substituted carbon in β position of the oxirane oxygen is suggested. Mild conditions are sufficient to promote this rearrangement to allylic alcohols with epoxides having a tertiary carbon in α‐position of the oxirane oxygen. However, alkoxide transfer to the cleaved α‐carbon may take place when primary or secondary carbons are the only ones present in the α‐positions of the oxirane oxygen with more drastic conditions and equimolar amounts of AIP. The major product is a mixture of α‐glycol monoethers.
Asymmetric synthesis of R and S .alpha.-alkylalkanoic acids from metalation and alkylation of chiral 2-oxazolines (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of R and S .alpha.-alkylalkanoic acids from metalation and alkylation of chiral 2-oxazolinesA. I. Meyers, Gerald Knaus, Kazuyuki Kamata, and Michael E. FordCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 2, 567–576Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00418a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00418a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1962Altmetric-Citations180LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of nucleosides via isopropylidene sugar derivatives. III. Synthesis of 9-.beta.-D-gulofuranosyladenine and 9-.alpha.L-lyxofuran-osyladenine (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of nucleosides via isopropylidene sugar derivatives. III. Synthesis of 9-.beta.-D-gulofuranosyladenine and 9-.alpha.L-lyxofuran-osyladenineLeon M. Lerner, Bernice D. Kohn, and Paul KohCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 5, 1780–1783Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01269a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01269a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of gas plumes in cluttered environments using long-wave infrared hyperspectral sensors (2008)

Long-wave infrared hyperspectral sensors provide the ability to detect gas plumes at stand-off distances. A number of detection algorithms have been developed for such applications, but in situations where the gas is released in a complex background and is at air temperature, these detectors can generate a considerable amount of false alarms. To make matters more difficult, the gas tends to have non-uniform concentrations throughout the plume making it spatially similar to the false alarms. Simple post-processing using median filters can remove a number of the false alarms, but at the cost of removing a significant amount of the gas plume as well. We approach the problem using an adaptive subpixel detector and morphological processing techniques. The adaptive subpixel detection algorithm is able to detect the gas plume against the complex background. We then use morphological processing techniques to isolate the gas plume while simultaneously rejecting nearly all false alarms. Results will be demonstrated on a set of ground-based long-wave infrared hyperspectral image sequences.
Purification of Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamases by using sequential cation-exchange and affinity chromatography (1990)

Boronic acids are active-site inhibitors of serine beta-lactamases, and a phenylboronic acid-agarose affinity column has been used to purify beta-lactamase from crude cell extracts of several bacterial species. We applied phenylboronic acid-agarose chromatography to the purification of Staphylococcus aureus beta-lactamase. Two factors interfered with the success of the previously described single-step chromatographic protocol. First, staphylococcal beta-lactamase exhibited non-active-site-mediated adsorption to the agarose used as a support for the meta-aminophenylborate ligand, preventing the recovery of beta-lactamase from the column. Second, the staphylococcal beta-lactamases exhibited low affinity for meta-aminophenylborate with inhibition constants (Kis) ranging from 8.0 x 10(-3) to 20.0 x 10(-3) M. These problems were resolved by modifying the buffers utilized during chromatography and increasing the dimensions of the affinity column, and a two-stage procedure consisting of cation-exchange chromatography followed by affinity chromatography was used to purify each of the four variants of staphylococcal beta-lactamase. The mean specific activities of the purified type A, B, C, and D beta-lactamases were 44.6, 12.2, 10.6, and 30.8 mumol of nitrocefin hydrolyzed per min/mg of protein, respectively. Dimer formation, presumably from intramolecular cysteine-cysteine cross-linking, was observed with the type D beta-lactamase but not with the type A, B, or C enzyme.
Treatment of advanced tumors with agonistic anti-GITR mAb and its effects on tumor-infiltrating Foxp3 <b>+</b> CD25 <b>+</b> CD4 <b>+</b> regulatory T cells (2005)

T cell stimulation via glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor family–related protein (GITR) can evoke effective tumor immunity. A single administration of agonistic anti-GITR monoclonal antibody (mAb) to tumor-bearing mice intravenously or directly into tumors provoked potent tumor-specific immunity and eradicated established tumors without eliciting overt autoimmune disease. A large number of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, including interferon (IFN)-γ–secreting cells, infiltrated regressing tumors. Tumor-specific IFN-γ–secreting CD4+ and CD8+ T cells also increased in the spleen. The treatment led to tumor rejection in IFN-γ–intact mice but not IFN-γ–deficient mice. Furthermore, coadministration of anti-GITR and anti–CTLA-4 mAbs had a synergistic effect, leading to eradication of more advanced tumors. In contrast, coadministration of anti-CD25 and anti-GITR mAbs was less effective than anti-GITR treatment alone, because anti-CD25 depleted both CD25+-activated effector T cells and CD25+CD4+ naturally occurring regulatory T (T reg) cells. Importantly, CD4+ T cells expressing the T reg–specific transcription factor Foxp3 predominantly infiltrated growing tumors in control mice, indicating that tumor-infiltrating natural Foxp3+CD25+CD4+ T reg cells may hamper the development of effective tumor immunity. Taken together, T cell stimulation through GITR attenuates T reg–mediated suppression or enhances tumor-killing by CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells, including those secreting IFN-γ, or both. Agonistic anti-GITR mAb is therefore instrumental in treating advanced cancers.
Simultaneous multi-object micro-displacement measurement by multi-spectral-peak radar interferometry (2018)

We propose a simultaneous multi-object micro-displacement measurement method by multi-spectral-peak radar interferometry (MPI). Range-velocity spectrum obtained by a frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar identifies the range of multiple objects. Micro-displacement of each object is calculated based on the phase shift corresponding to each identified range by interferometry. Therefore, simultaneous micro-displacement measurement for multiple object recognition is achieved. Through evaluations using simulated and measured data, it is shown that the proposed MPI can simultaneously measure micro-displacement characteristics of multiple objects, i.e. a standing human and an idling car. The demonstrated results suggest possibilities of target recognition for traffic safety.
Synthetic phased-array terahertz imaging (2002)

We demonstrate terahertz (THz) imaging with enhanced spatial resolution by a synthetic phased array. A single mirror is used to separately form two different coherent, diffraction-limited THz images of the same point source. The two images are combined to yield a 4x resolution-enhanced image of the source in one dimension.
Digital Etch Technique for Forming Ultra-Scaled Germanium-Tin (Ge 1−x Sn x ) Fin Structure (2017)

We developed a new digital etch process that allows precise etching of Germanium or Germanium-tin (Ge<sub>1-x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> ) materials. The digital etch approach consists of Ge<sub>1-x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> oxide formation by plasma oxidation and oxide removal in diluted hydrochloric acid at room temperature. The first step is a self-limiting process, as the thickness of oxide layer grows logarithmically with the oxidation time and saturates fast. Consistent etch rates in each cycle were found on the Ge<sub>1-x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> samples, with the surfaces remaining smooth after etch. The digital etch process parameters were tuned to achieve various etch rates. By reducing the radio frequency power to 70 W, etch rate of sub-1.2 nm was obtained on a Ge<sub>0.875</sub>Sn<sub>0.125</sub> sample. The digital etch process was employed to fabricate the Ge<sub>1-x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> fin structures. Extremely scaled Ge<sub>0.95</sub>Sn<sub>0.05</sub> fins with 5 nm fin width were realized. The side walls of the Ge<sub>0.95</sub>Sn<sub>0.05</sub> fins are smooth, and no crystal damage can be observed. This technique provides an option to realize aggressively scaled nanostructure devices based on Ge<sub>1-x</sub> Sn <sub>x</sub> materials with high-precision control.
Secure ARP and Secure DHCP Protocols to Mitigate Security Attacks (2014)

For network computers to communicate to one another, they need to know one another's IP address and MAC address. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is developed to find the Ethernet address that map to a specific IP address. The source computer broadcasts the request for Ethernet address and eventually the target computer replies. The IP to Ethernet address mapping would later be stored in an ARP Cache for some time duration, after which the process is repeated. Since ARP is susceptible to ARP poisoning attacks, we propose to make it unicast, centralized and secure, along with a secure design of DHCP protocol to mitigate MAC spoofing. The secure protocol designs are explained in detail. Lastly we also discuss some performance issues to show how the proposed protocols work.