gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An adenosyl–cobalamin (coenzyme‐B12)‐repressed translational enhancer in the <i>cob</i> mRNA of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (2001)

Expression of the cobalamin (Cbl) biosynthetic cob operon in Salmonella typhimurium is repressed by the end-product. This regulation is conferred mainly at the translational level and involves a cobalamin-induced folding of an RNA hairpin that sequesters the ribosomal binding site (RBS) of the cob mRNA and prevents translation initiation. A combined structural and mutational analysis shows that a cis-acting translational enhancer (TE) element, located 83 nucleotides upstream of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the cob mRNA, is required to unfold the inhibitory RBS hairpin in the absence of cobalamin. The TE element, which consists of 5 nucleotides, is proposed to confer its enhancer function in the absence of cobalamin by interacting with nucleotides in the stem of the RBS hairpin. This interaction destabilizes the RNA hairpin and allows ribosome binding. In the presence of cobalamin, the enhancer function is inhibited. As a result, the RBS hairpin forms and prevents translation initiation. Several additional RNA hairpins in the 5'-UTR were also identified and are suggested to be important for repression. The above data suggest that normal cobalamin repression of the cob operon requires that the 5'-UTR has a defined secondary and tertiary structure.
Silylation of laponite clay particles with monofunctional and trifunctional vinyl alkoxysilanes (2004)

We report in this work the grafting of laponite clay particles with monofunctional γ-methacryloxypropyl dimethyl methoxy silane (γ-MPTDES) and trifunctional γ-methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane (γ-MPTMS) coupling agents. The evolution of the grafted amount and of the grafting yield was monitored as a function of the reaction time and of the initial silane concentration. We showed that the grafted amount increased with time and with the silane content up to a plateau value. The amount of chemisorbed silane at saturation varied from 0.56 to 1.9 mmol g−1 depending on the nature of the coupling agent, the reaction time and the grafting conditions. While the trifunctional silane was capable of both reaction with the clay edges and formation of complex polysiloxane oligomers in the bulk which were further deposited on the particulate surface, the monofunctional silane formed a monolayer coverage on the border of the clay plates with the carbonyl groups being directed toward the surface as attested by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The properties of the organosilane-modified laponite were examined by various analytical techniques such as wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), nitrogen adsorption and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The monofunctional silane exhibited nearly no effect on the physicochemical properties of the clay whereas grafting of the trifunctional silane resulted in decreased porosity, increased interlamellar distance and higher hydrophobicity.
Recommender System for Retail Industry : Ease customers’ purchase by generating personal purchase carts consisting of relevant and original products (2016)

In this study we explore the problem of purchase cart recommendationin the field of retail. How can we push the right customize purchase cart that would consider both habits and serendipity constraints? Recommender Systems application is widely restricted to Internet services providers: movie recommendation, e-commerce, search engine. We brought algorithmic and technological breakthroughs to outdated retail systems while keeping in mind its own specificities: purchase cart rather than single products, restricted interactions between customers and products. After collecting ingenious recommendations methods, we defined two major directions - the correctness and the serendipity - that would serve as discriminant aspects to compare multiple solutions we implemented. We expect our solutions to have beneficial impacts on customers, gaining time and open-mindedness, and gradually obliterate the separation between supermarkets and e-commerce platforms as far as customized experience is concerned.
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells: methods and application (2015)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) play a major role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology and the capability of differentiating into virtually every cell type in the human body make this field a ray of hope for vascular regenerative therapy and understanding of the disease mechanism. In the present review, we first discuss the recent iPSC technology and vascular smooth muscle development from an embryo and then examine different methodologies to derive VSMCs from iPSCs, and their applications in regenerative therapy and disease modelling.
Time‐resolved contrast‐enhanced MR angiography with single‐echo Dixon fat suppression (2018)

Time-resolved contrast-enhanced MRI with single-echo Dixon fat suppression shows high image quality, improved vessel delineation, and reduced sensitivity to motion when compared to time-subtraction methods.
Use of Opuntia Cactus as a Hypoglycemic Agent in Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Mexican American Patients (2007)

The consumption of Opuntia cactus is a popular herbal remedy among Mexican American patients in their management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animal and human studies have demonstrated the hypoglycemic properties of the Opuntia (prickly pear) cactus that are likely attributable to both its fiber content and specific hypoglycemic molecular agents. Reduction in serum glucose levels are best observed when the cactus cladodes are consumed in cooked form, alluding to heating as a necessary step in attaining its hypoglycemic properties. Additional health benefits include its ability to reduce hypercholesterolemia, optimize platelet function, and decrease oxidative tissue damage. Health care professionals should inquire about and support the use of this complementary therapy among Mexican American patients in their management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Composting of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in simulated municipal solid waste (1998)

A laboratory‐scale, batch‐type, in‐vessel composter was charged with simulated municipal solid waste deliberately contaminated with a mixture of 3‐ and 4‐ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The extent of their biodegradation was monitored over a 2‐month period (30 days of active composting and 30 days of compost curing) by use of soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography analysis. The results indicated that most of biodegradation occurred in the active composting phase and very little occurred during the curing phase of the composting process. Fluorene was too volatile for this type of bioremediation, and benz[a]anthracene was persistent in the compost throughout both phases of the experiment. Anthracene, phenanthrene, and pyrene showed excellent reduction in the actively composting phase, in contrast to their mercuric chloride–poisoned controls, indicating that biodegradation (not abiotic mechanisms) was the removal process from the composting mass.
Guy cable design and damping for vertical axis wind turbines (1981)

Guy cables are frequently used to support vertical axis wind turbines since guying the turbine reduces some of the structural requirements on the tower. The guys must be designed to provide both the required strength and the required stiffness at the top of the turbine. The axial load which the guys apply to the tower, bearings, and foundations is an undesirable consequence of using guys to support the turbine. Limiting the axial load so that it does not significantly affect the cost of the turbine is an important objective of the cable design. The lateral vibrations of the cables is another feature of the cable design which needs to be considered. These aspects of the cable design are discussed, and a technique for damping cable vibrations was mathematically analyzed and demonstrated with experimental data.
Permeability Effects on the Efficiency of Antioxidant Nanoreactors (2013)

Enzyme-loaded polymeric vesicles, or polymersomes, can be regarded as nanoreactors, which, for example, can be applied as artificial organelles. We implemented a naturally occurring enzymatic cascade reaction in two types of polymersomes, which are known to possess different permeability properties. The selected cascade reaction involved the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase (CAT) for combating oxidative stress. The activities of both enzymes were investigated by spectrophotometric and electrochemical assays. Whereas the SOD1 substrate (the radical anion superoxide, O2•-) was able to penetrate both membranes equally well, the CAT substrate (H2O2) showed different rates of diffusion. When O2•- was generated inside polymersomes filled with both SOD1 and CAT, the activities of the two systems were comparable again.
Convection-enhanced delivery for treatment of brain tumors (2007)

Recently, innovative therapies have been developed for the treatment of malignant gliomas. Unfortunately, adequate delivery of these therapies has been a major obstacle to clinical success. Intravenous administration is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier while local delivery, such as with drug-impregnated wafers, results in limited parenchyma penetration. Convection-enhanced delivery is a promising method for the delivery of macromolecules to the CNS. Convection-enhanced delivery involves the infusion of therapeutic agents via surgically implanted catheters and uses a pressure gradient to achieve a greater volume of distribution compared with that seen with diffusion alone. This article will review the development of convection-enhanced delivery and its use in the treatment of malignant gliomas.
Effect of barrier creams: human skin in vivo (1996)

An in vivo method was developed to measure the effectiveness of skin protective creams against 2 dye indicator solutions: methylene blue in water and oil red O in ethanol, representative of model hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds. 3 representative barrier creams commercialized as effective against lipophilic, hydrophilic, or lipophilic and hydrophilic substances were assayed by measurements of the dye in cyanoacrylate strips of protected skin samples after various application times. The flexural surfaces of the forearms of 6 normal volunteers (3 female and 3 male, mean age 26.8 +/- 4.1 years) were treated. The method was as follows: solutions of 5% methylene blue in water and 5% oil red O in ethanol were prepared, and applied to untreated skin and protective-cream-pretreated skin with the aid of aluminum occlusive chambers, for 0 h and 4 h, respectively. At the end of the application time, the creams were removed. Consecutive skin surface biopsies (SSB) from 1 to 4 strips were taken. The amount of stain in each strip was determined by colorimetry, and the cumulative amount of stain from 1 to 4 strips in each measurement was calculated. The cumulative amount represents the amount of permeation of each solution at each time point, and the efficacy of skin barrier cream. The results showed one formulation at both 0 h and 4 h reduced the amount of permeation of methylene blue (p < 0.01) and oil red O (p < 0.01) compared with the control group. Another formulation was protective against the permeation of oil red O (p < 0.01), but not against methylene blue at 0 h and 4 h; it was not significantly different at 0 h versus 4 h. The 3rd formulation produced increased cumulative amounts to oil red O at both 0 h and 4 h (p < 0.05); it also increased permeation amounts to methylene blue (p < 0.05) after 4 h. This model appears a facile, rapid and objective early screen to evaluate the efficacy of skin barrier creams in vivo, as well as their individual ingredients.
Pseudodistributed Feed Configurations for Catalytic Plate Microchannel Reactors (2013)

Catalytic plate microchannel reactors (CPRs) are one of the most successful implementations of the process intensification philosophy, and have been recognized as an important contributor in the path toward monetizing distributed natural gas resources through localized, small-scale processing. While their reduced geometric dimensions lead to well-documented energy efficiency gains and lower capital costs, they also give rise to specific control and operation challenges, particularly in terms of preventing temperature excursions and the formation of hotspots that can compromise the integrity of the reactor. In conventional reactors, such issues are typically addressed through external cooling and by judiciously distributing the feed streams along the reactor to modulate the release of reaction heat. Owing to the difficulty of implementing distributed sensors and actuators at a small scale, this solution is not readily applicable to the design and operation of microchannel reactors. As a consequence, in this paper, we propose a novel approach to modulation of heat generation in microchannel reactors, via a segmented catalyst macromorphology consisting of alternating catalytically active and inactive (“blank”) reactor sections. We also introduce a novel optimization-based strategy for determining the number, length, and axial location of the active sections based on closely tracking a desirable, optimized temperature profile. Using the detailed model of an autothermal methane-steam reforming reactor, we demonstrate the efficacy of the optimized segmented macromorphology in ensuring a uniform axial temperature profile. Further, we demonstrate through simulations that, at the optimum, the temperature and conversion profiles resulting from the proposed segmented macromorphology are similar to those obtained in a microchannel reactor with multiple axially distributed reactant feed points.
Aortic Valve Replacement for Stenosis with or Without Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting After 2 Previous Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Operations (2011)

Aortic valve replacement following an earlier coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure is fairly common. When this situation occurs, the type of valve dysfunction is usually stenosis (with or without regurgitation), and whether it was missed at the time of the earlier CABG or developed subsequently is usually unclear. We attempted to determine the survival in patients who had had aortic valve replacement after 2 previous CABG procedures. We describe 12 patients who had aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis; rather than one previous CABG operation, all had had 2 previous CABG procedures. Only one patient died in the early postoperative period after aortic valve replacement, and the remaining 11 were improved substantially: all have lived at least 11 months, and one is still alive at over 101 months after aortic valve replacement. Aortic valve replacement remains beneficial for most patients even after 2 previous CABG procedures.
Study on Redundant Strategies in Peer to Peer Cloud Storage Systems (2011)

Relative to the current Master/Slave computing model cloud storage file systems, including GFS, HDFS, Sector, we proposed a general model of Peer-to-Peer based Cloud Storage file system, and constructed a prototype system named MingCloud based on Kademlia algorithm. Focused on redundant strategy selection and design of the storage system, our experiment used the Cauchy Codes as coding algorithm to assess the system from many aspects. Compared with the redundant mode of complete copy, Erasure Code model provided more satisfactory system availability, and more suitable to apply to our P2P Cloud Storage System.
A TWACS system alarm function for distribution automation (1994)

A new application designated as the "System Alarm Function" is made possible by using the "Unsolicited Inbound" capability recently developed for the Two Way Automatic Communication System (TWACS) System-10, which is already used by several electric utilities in the USA for demand side management, remote metering and distribution automation is reviewed here. The "Unsolicited Inbound" algorithm development, the operational issues that are pertinent to the understanding of collisions between multiple alarms and the effects on the "alarm response time" are discussed in detail. This master-to-master relationship between remote transponders in the distribution network and the central control computer opens the door to multiple functional capabilities in the area of distribution automation and remote monitoring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Temperature-Sensitive Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis PT13a Expressing Essential Proteins of Psychrophilic Bacteria (2015)

Synthetic genes based on deduced amino acid sequences of the NAD-dependent DNA ligase (ligA) and CTP synthetase (pyrG) of psychrophilic bacteria were substituted for their native homologues in the genome of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis phage type 13a (PT13a). The resulting strains were rendered temperature sensitive (TS) and did not revert to temperature resistance at a detectable level. At permissive temperatures, TS strains grew like the parental strain in broth medium and in macrophage-like cells, but their growth was slowed or stopped when they were shifted to a restrictive temperature. When injected into BALB/c mice at the base of the tail, representing a cool site of the body, the strains with restrictive temperatures of 37, 38.5, and 39°C persisted for less than 1 day, 4 to 7 days, and 20 to 28 days, respectively. The wild-type strain persisted at the site of inoculation for at least 28 days. The wild-type strain, but not the TS strains, was also found in spleen-plus-liver homogenates within 1 day of inoculation of the tail and was detectable in these organs for at least 28 days. Intramuscular vaccination of White Leghorn chickens with the PT13a strain carrying the psychrophilic pyrG gene provided some protection against colonization of the reproductive tract and induced an anti-S. enterica antibody response.
A zero-stiffness elastic shell structure (2011)

A remarkable shell structure is described that, due to a particular combination of geometry and initial stress, has zero stiffness for any finite deformation along a twisting path; the shell is in a neutrally stable state of equilibrium. Initially the shell is straight in a longitudinal direction, but has a constant, nonzero curvature in the transverse direction. If residual stresses are induced in the shell by, for example, plastic deformation, to leave a particular resultant bending moment, then an analytical inextensional model of the shell shows it to have no change in energy along a path of twisted configurations. Real shells become closer to the inextensional idealization as their thickness is decreased; experimental thin-shell models have confirmed the neutrally stable configurations predicted by the inextensional theory. A simple model is described that shows that the resultant bending moment that leads to zero stiffness gives the shell a hidden symmetry, which explains this remarkable property.\n
Studies on Hypoglycemic Agents. II (1964)

The structure of N1-(5-alkyl-1, 3, 4-thiadiazol-2-yl- or 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl)sulfonilamide, known as the hypoglycemic substance, is similar to 1-acyl-4-arylsulfonylsemicarbazide or 1-alkyl-6-arylsulfonylbiurea, and compounds of the latter series were synthesized in order to test their hypoglycemic action.
Optimal tocopherol concentrations to inhibit soybean oil oxidation (2002)

Abstract The optimal concentration for tocopherols to inhibit soybean oil oxidation was determined for individual tocopherols (α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherol) and for the natural soybean oil tocopherol mixture (tocopherol ratio of 1∶13∶5 for α‐, γ‐, and δ‐tocopherol, respectively). The concentration of the individual tocopherols influenced oil oxidation rates, and the optimal concentrations were unique for each tocopherol. For example, the optimal concentrations for α‐tocopherol and γ‐tocopherol were ∼100 and ∼300 ppm, respectively, whereas δ‐tocopherol did not exhibit a distinct concentration optimum at the levels studied ( P <0.05). The optimal concentration for the natural tocopherol mixture ranged between 340 and 660 ppm tocopherols ( P <0.05). The antioxidant activity of the tocopherols diminished when the tocopherol levels exceeded their optimal concentrations. Above their optimal concentrations, the individual tocopherols and the tocopherol mixture exhibited prooxidation behavior that was more pronounced with increasing temperature from 40 to 60°C ( P <0.05). A comparison of the antioxidant activity of the individual tocopherols at their optimal concentrations revealed that α‐tocopherol (∼100 ppm) was 3–5 times more potent than γ‐tocopherol (∼300 ppm) and 16–32 times more potent than δ‐tocopherol (∼1900 ppm).
Micromagnetic selection of aptamers in microfluidic channels (2009)

Aptamers are nucleic acid molecules that have been selected in vitro to bind to their molecular targets with high affinity and specificity. Typically, the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) process is used for the isolation of specific, high-affinity aptamers. SELEX, however, is an iterative process requiring multiple rounds of selection and amplification that demand significant time and labor. Here, we describe an aptamer discovery system that is rapid, highly efficient, automatable, and applicable to a wide range of targets, based on the integration of magnetic bead-based SELEX process with microfluidics technology. Our microfluidic SELEX (M-SELEX) method exploits a number of unique phenomena that occur at the microscale and implements a design that enables it to manipulate small numbers of beads precisely and isolate high-affinity aptamers rapidly. As a model to demonstrate the efficiency of the M-SELEX process, we describe here the isolation of DNA aptamers that tightly bind to the light chain of recombinant Botulinum neurotoxin type A (with low-nanomolar dissociation constant) after a single round of selection.
Modification of immune response by glycine in animals. (1989)

Glycine (50, 100 and 300 mg/kg), administered daily for 10 days in rabbits challenged with typhoid 'H' antigen and sheep erythrocyte antigen, caused dose- dependent reduction of antibody titre. Inhibition of antibody titre observed with 300 mg/kg was comparable to immunosuppression observed with 1 mg/kg betamethasone.
The Occurrence of Clustering in the Recall of Randomly Arranged Associates (1953)

(1953). The Occurrence of Clustering in the Recall of Randomly Arranged Associates. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 229-240.
Novel Layout Technique for Single-Event Transient Mitigation Using Dummy Transistor (2012)

In this paper, a novel layout technique for single-event transient (SET) mitigation based on dummy transistors is proposed. Numerical simulations using technology computer-aided design with 90-nm twin-well CMOS technology show that the proposed layout technique can efficiently reduce SET pulsewidths. This layout design methodology is thoroughly discussed for the case of the inverter cell, and the discussion is then extended to other logic cells. We also compare the proposed layout technique with the “guard ring” (for P-hit mitigation) and the “guard drain” (for N-hit mitigation) layout techniques, and we find that not only does the proposed layout technique provide the benefit of greater SET mitigation but it also presents a smaller area penalty.