gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO): a process for the treatment of industrial waste effluents (2001)

Abstract SuperCtical Water Oxidation (SCWO) process is investigated at the Institut of Technical Chemistry, ITC-CPV. The objectives were to determine destruction efficiencies of model compounds and industrial waste effluents and to study the feasability of the SCWO process. Two continuous SCWO bench scale plants are operated a pipe reactor and a transpiring wall reactor system (design data: T= 630°C, P = 32MPa, feed rate waste water =10 and 50kg/h, air feed rate = 20kglh, transpiring and quench water feed rate = 50 kg/h). Suspensions containing up to 5%wt solid material can be fed to the reactor using a membrane pump. With the pipe reactor, efficiencies of up to 99.99% were achieved for the oxidation of model compounds (ethanol, toluene, phenol) as well as real waste effluents (paper, chemical, pharmaceutical industry, sewage works). The use of the pipe reactor is limited to feeds without salt to avoid plugging. Salty feeds are processed using the transpiring wall reactor, which is consisting of a pressure bearing tube outside and a porous tube as reactor inside. Water is steadily running through the porous reactor preventing the formation of deposits on the wall. SCWO has a high potential at least for the destruction of halogented organic compounds using the transpiring wall reactor system and is seen to be competitive to other processes for waste destruction.
Maschinendynamik (2007)

Von den Grundlagen der Kinematik und Dynamik, der linearen Schwingungsmechanik mit einem und Systemen mit mehreren Freiheitsgraden wird der Bogen bis zu einer Einführung in die Rotordynamik geschlagen. Die gesamte Bandbreite der Maschinendynamik wird abgedeckt. Breiten Raum nehmen hierbei die unwuchterregten Schwingungen ein und auch die Problematik des Auswuchtens starrer Körper wird behandelt. Dabei fallen trotz der Fülle des behandelten Stoffes die Gleichungen nicht "vom Himmel", sondern werden nachvollziehbar hergeleitet. Eine Vielzahl praxisbezogener Rechenbeispiele stellt typische Probleme der Maschinendynamik vor und veranschaulicht die Materie.
CD44-Targeted Facile Enzymatic Activatable Chitosan Nanoparticles for Efficient Antitumor Therapy and Reversal of Multidrug Resistance (2018)

Nanoparticles are attractive platforms for the delivery of various anticancer therapeutics. Nevertheless, their applications are still limited by the relatively low drug loading capacity and the occurrence of multidrug resistance (MDR) against chemotherapeutics. In this study, we report that the integration of d-α-tocopherol succinate (VES) residue with both chitosan and paclitaxel (PTX) led to significant improvement of drug loading capacity and drug loading efficiency through the enhancement of drug/carrier interaction. After the incorporation of hyaluronic acid containing PEG side chains (HA-PEG), higher serum stability and more efficient cellular uptake were obtained. Due to HA coating, VES residues and the enzymatic responsive drug release property, such facile nanoparticles actively targeted cancer cells that overexpress CD44 receptor and efficiently reversed the MDR of treated cells, but caused no significant toxicity to mouse fibroblast (NIH-3T3). More importantly, with HA-PEG coating, longer blood circulation and more effective tumor accumulation were achieved for prodrug nanoparticles. Finally, superior anticancer activity and excellent safety profile was demonstrated by HA-PEG coated enzymatically activatable prodrug nanoparticles compared to commercially available Taxol formulation.
Proteasome inhibitor induces apoptosis through induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (2006)

The 26S proteasome is a large multi-subunit protein complex found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of mammalian cells which plays a critical role in intracellular proteolysis. It has been found that the 26S proteasome degrades multiple important substrates which are associated with tumor growth and development. Emerging evidence demonstrates that proteasome inhibition is an innovative and effective approach for treating some human cancers. PS-341 (also known as Velcade or Bortezomib), a specific inhibitor of the 26S proteasome, has been approved for treating multiple myeloma by the FDA. PS-341 mainly exhibits its anti-cancer effect by inducing apoptosis, and has been found to affect several pro- and anti-apoptotic pathways. Activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), a key survival factor, is dependent on the 26S proteasome. The inhibition of NF-kappaB by PS-341 has been found to induce apoptosis in several human cancer cells and is considered to be one of the primary targets of the PS-341 anti-tumor effect. More recently, studies have suggested that, in addition to the inhibition of pro-survivial NF-kappaB, PS-341 may induce apoptosis by stimulating pro-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress through proteasome inhibition. In this review, we will mainly discuss recent progress on the elucidation of the molecular mechanism of PS-341-mediated apoptosis.
Inferring likely mappings between APIs (2013)

Software developers often need to port applications written for a source platform to a target platform. In doing so, a key task is to replace an application's use of methods from the source platform API with corresponding methods from the target platform API. However, this task is challenging because developers must manually identify mappings between methods in the source and target APIs, e.g., using API documentation. We develop a novel approach to the problem of inferring mappings between the APIs of a source and target platform. Our approach is tailored to the case where the source and target platform each have independently-developed applications that implement similar functionality. We observe that in building these applications, developers exercised knowledge of the corresponding APIs. We develop a technique to systematically harvest this knowledge and infer likely mappings between the APIs of the source and target platform. The output of our approach is a ranked list of target API methods or method sequences that likely map to each source API method or method sequence. We have implemented this approach in a prototype tool called Rosetta, and have applied it to infer likely mappings between the Java2 Mobile Edition (JavaME) and Android graphics APIs.
EHMT2 inhibitor BIX-01294 induces apoptosis through PMAIP1-USP9X-MCL1 axis in human bladder cancer cells (2015)

BIX-01294, an euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) inhibitor, has been reported to induce apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cells and inhibit the proliferation of bladder cancer cells. However, the definite mechanism of the apoptosis mediated by BIX-01294 in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. In the present study, we found that BIX-01294 induced caspase-dependent apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells. Moreover, our data show BIX-01294 stimulates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) and up-regulated expression of PMAIP1 through DDIT3 up-regulation. Furthermore, down-regulation of the deubiquitinase USP9X by BIX-01294 results in downstream reduction of MCL1 expression, leading to apoptosis eventually. Thus, our findings demonstrate PMAIP1-USP9X-MCL1 axis may contribute to BIX-01294-induced apoptosis in human bladder cancer cells.
Semantic Enrichment of Ontology Mappings: Detecting Relation Types and Complex Correspondences. (2013)

While there are numerous tools for ontology matching, most approaches provide only little information about the true nature of the correspondences they discover, restricting themselves on the mere links between matching concepts. However, many disciplines such as ontology merging, ontology evolution or data transformation, require more-detailed information, such as the concrete relation type of matches or information about the cardinality of a correspondence (oneto-one or one-to-many). In this study we present a new approach where we denote additional semantic information to an initial ontology mapping carried out by a state-of-the-art matching tool. The enriched mapping contains the relation type (like equal, is-a, part-of) of the correspondences as well as complex correspondences. We present different linguistic, structural and background knowledge strategies that allow semi-automatic mapping enrichment, and according to our first internal tests we are already able to add valuable semantic information to an existing ontology mapping. Keywords ontology matching, relation type detection, complex correspondences, semantic enrichment 1.
Synthesis of<i>N</i><sup>α</sup>-(1-Phenyl-2-mercaptoethyl) Amino Acids, New Building Blocks for Ligation and Cyclization at Non-Cysteine Sites:  Scope and Limitations in Peptide Synthesis (2004)

A new and convenient method for the synthesis and incorporation of N(alpha)-(1-phenyl-2-mercaptoethyl)-derivatized amino acids applicable to chemical ligation at non-cysteine sites is presented. N(alpha)-Auxiliary derivatives of glycine and alanine were easily prepared using reductive amination approaches. Several strategies for the incorporation of these derivatives into peptide chains were investigated: coupling without protection, with acid-labile protection, with base-labile protection, and via a novel protection strategy using the thiazolidine derivative. All amino acid derivatives were successfully coupled to various peptide resins, and with the exception of those incorporating Boc-protected derivatives, all resins yielded the desired peptide fragments. However, the coupling of the two alanine derivative diastereomers generated some epimerization. Finally, N-terminal auxiliary glycine and alanine peptides were cyclized, and the corresponding native circular peptides were obtained upon successful removal of the auxiliary.
A 1064 nm excitable semiconducting polymer nanoparticle for photoacoustic imaging of gliomas (2019)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging in the second near-infrared (NIR-II) window (especially at 1064 nm) has the benefits of low background signal, high spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration. Here we report a semiconducting polymer nanoparticle (PDPPTBZ NP) and demonstrate its potential as a contrast agent for PA imaging of orthotopic brain tumors, using a 1064 nm pulsed laser as a light source. PDPPTBZ NPs have maximum absorption at 1064 nm with a mass extinction coefficient of 43 mL mg-1 cm-1, which is the highest value reported so far in this region. The high photothermal conversion efficiency (67%) and near non-fluorescence impart PDPPTBZ NPs with excellent PA properties. We used PDPPTBZ NP-containing agar gel phantoms even at a low concentration (50 μg mL-1) to successfully image to a depth of 4 cm (of chicken-breast tissue), with an ultralow power fluence (4 mJ cm-2). Furthermore, we could clearly visualize a glioma tumor in a mouse at a depth of 3.8 mm below the skull. This study demonstrates that PDPPTBZ NPs display great potential as a NIR-II PA contrast agent for high quality deep tissue imaging.
Feasibility of Pump Speed Modulation for Restoring Vascular Pulsatility with Rotary Blood Pumps (2015)

Continuous flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) diminish vascular pressure pulsatility, which may be associated with clinically reported adverse events including gastrointestinal bleeding, aortic valve insufficiency, and hemorrhagic stroke. Three candidate CF LVAD pump speed modulation algorithms designed to augment aortic pulsatility were evaluated in mock flow loop and ischemic heart failure (IHF) bovine models by quantifying hemodynamic performance as a function of mean pump speed, modulation amplitude, and timing. Asynchronous and synchronous copulsation (high revolutions per minute [RPM] during systole, low RPM during diastole) and counterpulsation (low RPM during systole, high RPM during diastole) algorithms were tested for defined modulation amplitudes (±300, ±500, ±800, and ±1,100 RPM) and frequencies (18.75, 37.5, and 60 cycles/minute) at low (2,900 RPM) and high (3,200 RPM) mean LVAD speeds. In the mock flow loop model, asynchronous, synchronous copulsation, and synchronous counterpulsation algorithms each increased pulse pressure (ΔP = 931%, 210%, and 98% and reduced left ventricular external work (LVEW = 20%, 22%, 16%). Similar improvements in vascular pulsatility (1,142%) and LVEW (40%) were observed in the IHF bovine model. Asynchronous modulation produces the largest vascular pulsatility with the advantage of not requiring sensor(s) for timing pump speed modulation, facilitating potential clinical implementation.
Unique behaviour of nonsolvents for polysulphides in lithium–sulphur batteries (2014)

Combination of a solvent–salt complex [acetonitrile(ACN)<sub>2</sub>–LiTFSI] with a hydrofluoroether (HFE) co-solvent unveils a new class of Li–S battery electrolytes that possess essentially no solubility for lithium polysulfides, yet exhibit excellent capacity and very good rate capability..
Design Fundamentals of High Power Density, Pulsed Discharge, Lead Acid Batteries: I . Experimental (1990)

The design of a battery with maximum specific power to be discharged for 0.01s or less was explored. Key elements of the design are bipolar construction, using thin components with high electronic conductivity in the bipolar separator and high ionic conductivity in the electrolyte, and the use of an electrochemical couple with high open‐circuit potential and fast electrode kinetics. Bipolar lead‐acid stacks were assembled which showed specific powers of 100–800 kW/kg with current densities of up to 10–40 A/cm2 for up to 100 μs. Single lead‐acid cell tests showed that acid concentration, separator thickness and conductivity, discharge potential, and formation time all had a major impact on the cell power output. Tests showed that these cells are capable of well over a million shallow discharge/charge cycles. Evidence indicates that formation severely reduces cell current densities after 200–400 μs of discharge. In the first 200 μs, concentration depletion at the reaction interface appears to be a factor in current decline.
Stereochemical metrics of lectin-carbohydrate interactions: comparison with protein-protein interfaces (2000)

A global census of stereochemical metrics including interface size, hydropathy, amino acid propensities, packing and hydrogen bonding was carried out on 32 x-ray-elucidated structures of lectin-carbohydrate complexes covering eight different lectin families. It is shown that the interactions at primary binding subsites are more efficient than at other subsites. Another salient behavior found for primary subsites was a marked negative correlation between the interface size and the polar surface content. It is noteworthy that this demographic rule is delineated by lectins with unrelated phylogenetic origin, indicating that independent interface architectures have evolved through common optimization paths. The structural properties of lectin-carbohydrate interfaces were compared with those characterizing a set of 32 protein homodimers. Overall, the analysis shows that the stereochemical bases of lectin-carbohydrate and protein-protein interfaces differ drastically from each other. In comparison with protein-protein complexes, lectin-carbohydrate interfaces have superior packing efficiency, better hydrogen bonding stereochemistry, and higher interaction cooperativity. A similar conclusion holds in the comparison with protein-protein heterocomplexes. We propose that the energetic consequence of this better interaction geometry is a larger decrease in free energy per unit of area buried, feature that enables lectins and carbohydrates to form stable complexes with relatively small interface areas. These observations lend support to the emerging notion that systems differing from each other in their stereochemical metrics may rely on different energetic bases.
The Effect of Flavanol-rich Cocoa on the fMRI Response to a Cognitive Task in Healthy Young People (2006)

Flavanols are the main flavonoids found in cocoa and chocolate, and can be especially abundant in certain cocoas. Research over the past decade has identified flavanols as showing diverse beneficial physiologic and antioxidant effects, particularly in context of vascular function. The present study employed functional magnetic resonance imaging based on blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) contrast to explore the effect of flavanols on the human brain. Magnetic resonance imaging was used to measure BOLD responses to a cognitive task in 16 healthy young subjects. The data presented show an increase in the BOLD signal intensity in response to a cognitive task following ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa (5 days of 150 mg of cocoa flavanols). This may arise either as a result of altered neuronal activity, or a change in vascular responsiveness, or both--the net effect then being dependent on which of the two effects is dominant. No significant effects were evident in behavioral reaction times, switch cost, and heart rate after consumption of this moderate dose of cocoa flavanols. A pilot study evaluated the relationship between cerebral blood flow and a single acute dose (450 mg flavanols) of flavanol-rich cocoa and showed that flavanol-rich cocoa can increase the cerebral blood flow to gray matter, suggesting the potential of cocoa flavanols for treatment of vascular impairment, including dementia and strokes, and thus for maintaining cardiovascular health.
Signal-to-noise ratio monitoring of optical data using narrowband RF analysis at the half-clock frequency (2004)

A novel technique for monitoring the in-band SNR of an optical data channel is demonstrated. The technique utilizes an inherent symmetry present the RF spectrum at half the data clock frequency, is highly sensitive and potentially low-cost.
Surfactant phosphatidylcholine in thermally injured pigs (2001)

Pulmonary phosphatidylcholine content and palmitate composition decrease after burn injury because of a decrease in the rate of phosphatidylcholine synthesis. These responses likely contribute to impaired lung compliance.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ALGINATE-BASED MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCH FOR DELIVERY OF ANTIMIGRAINE DRUG (2018)

Objective: The present work was aimed with enhancement of oral bioavailability of sumatriptan succinate by sodium alginate-based mucoadhesive buccal patches.Methods: These patches were prepared by solvent-casting method using different concentrations of sodium alginate along with HPMC 5cps and maltodextrin as a film-forming polymer. Propylene glycol, sodium lauryl sulfate, and mannitol were used as plasticizer, penetration enhancer, and filler, respectively. Prepared patches were evaluated with respect to various in vitro parameters and in vivo studies were conducted on white strain New Zealand rabbits of either sex with average weight 2–3 kg.Results: All the formulations were transparent and homogeneous. F7 formulation containing Na alginate (250 mg), maltodextrin (250 mg), and HPMC 5cps (250 mg) displayed maximum folding endurance, mucoadhesive force, in vitro drug transport, and drug release and found to be stable up to 2 months in storage conditions. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as Cmax, tmax, and AUC were calculated from the data collected after in vivo studies. Sumatriptan succinate containing buccal patch displayed almost 1.73 folds and 2 folds higher Cmax and AUC, respectively, than plain drug solution. 1.93% of relative bioavailability was reported with the formulation.Conclusion: The outcome of the present work reveals that sumatriptan succinate-based mucoadhesive buccal formulation can improve overall performance of drug molecule in vitro and in vivo.
Using handhelds as controls for everyday appliances (2001)

Everyday appliances, including telephones, copiers, and home stereos, increasingly contain embedded computers which enable greater functionality. If the interfaces to these appliances were easy to use, people might benefit from these new functions. Unfortunately, it is rare to find a well-designed appliance interface. This study shows that existing appliance interfaces could be improved by using a remote control interface on a handheld computer.
A Biomimetic Reverse Thermal Gel for 3-Dimensional Neural Tissue Engineering (2014)

Injuries to the nervous system, associated with permanent functional loss, often result in irregularly shaped lesions. With an aim to develop surgical implantation that fits to irregular shapes of injuries, we synthesised a biomimetic reverse thermal gel (or thermo-responsive gel). We initially synthesized poly(serinolhexamethylene urea)-co-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PSHUNIPAAm) and subsequently conjugated a pentapeptide, Gly-Arg-Gly-AspSer(GRGDS) (PSHU-NIPAAm-GRGDS), which showed ideal temperaturedependent thermal gelling properties. We investigated 3D neuronal growth capacity of PSHU-NIPAAm-GRGDS using PC12 cell. The concentration of the gels significantly affected cellular behavior, where a greater degree of proliferation was observed with lower gel concentrations. Cellular assays demonstrated enhanced cell viability and differentiation in PSHU-NIPAAmGRGDS compared to non-functionalized PSHU-NIPAAm.
Optimization of process condition to balance MEF and OPC for alternating PSM: control of forbidden pitches (2002)

The feasibility study to use high NA ArF lithography for 70 nm process development was done. After intensive simulation works, new forbidden-itch behavior of alternating PSM in low k1 imaging was found out. This forbidden pitch due to extremely small MEF and OPE of alternating PSM at small (sigma) . In order understand the mechanism and behavior of the forbidden-pitch, simulation and experiment were done as function of critical parameters of NA, (sigma) and wavelength. Solution to control forbidden-pitch for low k1 imaging of 70 nm has been address as critical item which needs to be overcome.
Novel protein–inorganic nanoparticles prepared by inorganic replication of self-assembled clathrin cages and triskelia (2008)

Clathrin nanocages are constructed through spatially extended contacts that arise between helix hairpin motifs of overlapping triskelia, and as such represent an unusual protein nanostructure for the structural templating of novel types of bioinorganic constructs. Solid hybrid nanoparticles comprising a single gel-embedded polyhedral protein (clathrin) cage were produced by template-directed condensation of polycationic clusters of aminopropyl-functionalized magnesium phyllosilicate or oligomers of aminopropyl-functionalized silica. Alternatively, tripodal or hollow spheroidal clathrin–CdS constructs decorated with arrays of semiconductor nanoparticles were obtained by binding Cd(II) ions to individual triskelia or preformed cages, respectively, followed by reaction with sodium sulfide. Replication of the protein superstructures is facilitated by electrostatic interactions, and is accomplished without loss of secondary structure.
Thermic effect of food after ingested versus tube-delivered meals (1985)

We compared, in six subjects, the thermic effect of food (TEF) after the ingestion of a test meal with that observed after the delivery of an equivalent test meal directly into the stomach through a nasogastric tube. TEF was measured after each test meal (i.e., ingested or tube delivered) until postprandial metabolic rate was not different from fasting metabolic rate (as measured at approximately the same time of day on a previous day). TEF after the tube-delivered meal was not significantly different in magnitude or duration from TEF after the ingested meal. The two types of meals also resulted in similar changes in respiratory quotient. These results suggest that the majority of TEF arises after the food reaches the stomach and that very little of TEF is produced by sensory factors or by the mechanical aspects of eating.