gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atypical antipsychotic drugs and long-term outcome in schizophrenia. (1996)

Long-term outcomes for patients with schizophrenia have been disappointing. The article discusses how the typical antipsychotics (clozapine and risperidone) as well as several agents that should be available in the near future (olanzapine, sertindole, quetiapine, and ziprasidone) might improve outcome and then focuses on antipsychotic relapse rates and the newly released antipsychotic olanzapine. Considerable evidence shows that relapse rates for compliant patients maintained on atypical antipsychotics are substantially lower than rates for those maintained on conventional antipsychotics. Also, the decreased extrapyramidal symptom liability of the newer medications will make it easier to prescribe more effective doses of antipsychotic that can maximize relapse prevention without simultaneously interfering with the patient's quality of life or motor functioning. The authors describe clinical observations of olanzapine based on their 3 years of clinical experience using this agent in a phase 3 clinical trial. They suggest that as atypical antipsychotics like olanzapine are more widely used, some problems associated with the long-term use of conventional antipsychotics will diminish, but other issues and concerns will be more common. In particular: (1) Despite their better side effect profiles, atypical antipsychotics will not solve the noncompliance problem. A significant proportion of patients with schizophrenia will still need depot therapy. (2) There will be problems arising from "awakenings" phenomena where patients will become more in touch with their losses and painful inner feelings. It seems likely that the need for rehabilitation services will be increased as more patients improve to the point where they will be amenable to psychiatric rehabilitation.
Monitoring N-nitrosamino acids excreted in the urine and feces of rats as an index for endogenous nitrosation (1982)

A simple and sensitive method for the quantitative estimation of endogenous N-nitrosation in rats has been developed. This approach is based on the findings that N-nitrosamino acids (e.g., nitrosoproline (NPRO), nitrosohydroxyproline (NHPRO) and nitrososarcosine (NSAR)) when administered orally to rats, are excreted unchanged almost quantitatively (88-96% of the dose) in the urine and feces. After sequential administration of a nitrosatable amino acid and sodium nitrite the nitrosamino acid excreted in the urine and feces was analyzed. The amount of NPRO excreted in the urine of rats was proportional to the dose of proline and to the square of the nitrite dose. Co-administration of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherol together with the precursors decreased the urinary NPRO whereas thiocyanate increased the yield. After feeding an amino acid precursor and nitrite, the yield of nitrosamino acids formed in vivo and excreted in the urine increased in the order: NPRO less than NSAR less than NHPRO. The same order was seen when the nitrosation rates of the amino acids in vitro were compared. Thus N-nitrosation in vivo in rats occurs via a similar mechanism as observed in vitro. Monitoring of N-nitrosamino acids excreted in the urine and feces thus appears to provide a valuable index for endogenous N-nitrosation.
Amiodarone Inhibits Thyroidal Iodide Transport <i>in Vitro</i> by a Cyclic Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate- and Iodine-Independent Mechanism (2006)

Thyroid side effects are common in patients treated for cardiac arrhythmias with amiodarone (AM). A major disturbance is inhibited thyroidal radioiodine uptake in AM-induced thyrotoxicosis, which makes 131I therapy ineffective. On the other hand, failure to escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect by down-regulation of the sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) is proposed to explain AM-induced hypothyroidism. However, previously no experimental studies on the possible mechanisms have been conducted. We therefore investigated the early effects of AM on thyroidal iodide transport using bicameral chamber cultures of primary pig thyrocytes that reproduce the three tissue compartments (epithelium, lumen, and extrafollicular space) of the gland. AM dose-dependently (1-50 microm) inhibited the TSH-stimulated transepithelial (basal to apical) transport of 125I- by up to 90%. The inhibitory effect was noticed already after 8 h and was further pronounced after 1-4 d, depending on the AM concentration. The intracellularly accumulated 125I- was reduced by perchlorate but not AM, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed no change in the NIS expression in AM-treated cells. Blocking of cAMP degradation with 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine or withdrawal of AM reversed AM-induced changes in electrolyte transport but were unable to recover the suppressed 125I- transport. The iodine-free AM analog dronedarone also inhibited 125I- transport to the same extent as AM. The findings indicate that AM blocks thyroidal iodide uptake by reducing the iodide permeability of the apical plasma membrane of the thyroid epithelial cells. The effect is iodine independent and long-lasting and does not involve impaired function of NIS or the TSH receptor/cAMP signaling pathway.
Soliton dynamics of magnetization driven by a magnetic field in uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnet (2006)

We study the nonlinear magnetic excitation in an anisotropic ferromagnet with a magnetic field. In the long wave approximation, the Landau-Lifschitz equation with easy axis anisotropy is transformed into the nonlinear Schrödinger type. By means of a straightforward Darboux transformation we obtain the one- and two-soliton solutions of uniaxial anisotropic ferromagnet. From a careful analysis for the asymptotic behavior of two-soliton solution we find that the collision between two magnetic solitons is elastic. This will be very helpful to understand the significant nature of the interactions between solitons in the future.
Corneal endothelial cell protection during phacoemulsification (2002)

The results suggest that Opegan is more effective than Healon in protecting corneal endothelial cells during phacoemulsification regardless of the amount of ultrasound energy used.
European perspectives on third generation personal communication systems (2002)

Some of the general trends and perspectives of cordless and cellular systems are discussed. Cordless and cellular systems will develop and converge to form personal communication systems. This will happen as cellular systems grow down and cordless systems grow up. Both of them are essential components of a full personal communication system, and should be harnessed. This can only happen if both systems are compatible, or at least very similar. In this event, one handset could in theory access either large-cell cellular systems, medium-sized urban cells, or micro cellular cordless systems. Not all handsets manufactured would have all of these capabilities. The simplest handsets could access only the cordless systems, and middle of the range handsets, both the cordless and urban systems. Top of the range handsets could access cordless, urban and cellular systems with national scope. Some of the particular features of the next generation digital systems and the possibility for integration are discussed. Techniques needed for the design of future personal communication systems are outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proton ring formation and trapping in a gated magnetic mirror (1989)

A detailed study of the trapping of proton rings in a magnetic mirror both in uniform gas fillings and in localized puffed-gas fillings is presented. The trapping of about 3×1014, 400 keV protons in a 1.5 m long, 0.8 T magnetic mirror was accomplished with a static 1.23:1 downstream mirror and a fast ‘‘gate’’ upstream mirror with mirror ratio &lt;1.3:1. Protons were trapped for 4 μs (&gt;50 cyclotron periods) or longer. The proton ring mean radius, length, and annular thickness in the trap were 10 cm, 1.5 m, and 5–8 cm, respectively. Detailed study of the dynamics of the injected and trapped protons with a variety of diagnostic techniques showed that the bulk of the protons followed trajectories that could be fully explained using the ion diode voltage and the details of the applied magnetic field configuration. However, a small fraction of the injected protons had axial energy much higher than was possible from single-particle trajectories; incomplete electrostatic neutralization of the proton ring by the beam-generated plasma in the injection region is postulated to explain this observation. Ring proton lifetime in the mirror trap appeared to be determined by mirror losses upon initially encountering the downstream and then the upstream mirrors, followed by a gradual radial loss due to charge-exchange collisions with the neutral gas contained in the experiment chamber.
Quantitative Ultrasound Characterization of Responses to Radiotherapy in Cancer Mouse Models (2009)

The results indicate that cell structural changes after radiotherapy have a significant influence on ultrasound spectral parameters. This provides a foundation for future investigations regarding the use of ultrasound in cancer patients to individualize treatments noninvasively based on their responses to specific interventions.
The Fig Leaf Was Brown (1993)

To a working artist, the prospect of broad categorizations that tend to organize art-historical research and analysis—such as the classical versus the romantic, the geometric versus the organic, landscape, portraiture or still life, painting, drawing or sculpture, the erotic, the religious, the pastoral or the scatological, for that matter—seem somewhat removed from the day-to-day exigencies of art production. What actually goes into making an artwork is often either much more refractory than that, just in the first stages of being ordered, or else much more contingent, shaped by various topical concerns.
Density enhancement of a neural network using FPGAs and run-time reconfiguration (2002)

Run-time reconfiguration is a way of more fully exploiting the flexbility of reconfigurable FPGAs. The run-time reconfiguration artificial neural network (RRANN) uses ran-time reconfiguration to increase the hardware density of FPGAs. The RRANN architecture also allows large amounts of parallelism to be used and is very scalable. RRANN divides the back-propagation algorithm into three sequential executed stages and configures the FPGAs to execute only one stage at a time. The FPGAs are reconfigured as part of normal execution in order to change stages. Using reconfigurability in this way increases the number of hardware neurons a single Xilinx XC3090 can implement by 500%. Performance is effected by reconfiguration overhead, but this overhead becomes insignificant in large networks. This overhead is made even more insignificant with improved configuration methods. Run-time reconfiguration is a flexible realization of the time/space trade-off. The RRANN architecture has been designed and built using commercially available hardware, and its performance has been measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New General Approach to the Synthesis of Functionalized 4<i>H</i>-Chromenes (1989)

Functionalized 4H-chromenes 3 are obtained, in a one-step procedure, from ß-functionalized enamines 1 and o-hydroxybenzyl alcohols 2.
High frequency of malaria‐specific T cells in non‐exposed humans (1992)

A major goal of current candidate malaria vaccines is to stimulate the expansion of clones of malaria-specific lymphocytes. We have examined the in vitro T cell responses of a group of malaria exposed and non-exposed adult Caucasian donors to recombinant circumsporozoite (CS) proteins, one of which is undergoing clinical trials, to blood-stage parasites, and to synthetic peptides copying the CS protein and defined blood-stage proteins. In nearly all individuals tested, CD4 T cell proliferation or lymphokine production occurred in response to whole parasite or CS protein stimulation, and T cells from many individuals responded to synthetic peptides. T cell responses were major histocompatibility complex-restricted, and stimulation of T cells with malaria parasites or CS protein did not appear to expand a population of T cell receptor gamma/delta cells. Malaria-specific responses were independent of prior malaria exposure, and in some cases exceeded the magnitude of response to tetanus toxoid. Specific T cells are present in high frequency in the peripheral blood of many donors who have never been exposed to malaria. Although malaria-specific CD4 T cells play an important role in immunity, these data question whether vaccines need to stimulate such cells, and focus attention on other aspects of malaria immunity which may be more critical to a successful vaccine.
Safety and effectiveness of long-term therapy with the oral iron chelator deferiprone (2003)

The identification of a safe, orally active iron chelator is critically important for the prevention of morbidity and early death in patients receiving regular red cell transfusions. Based on our findings in a 1-year multicenter, prospective study of the safety and efficacy of deferiprone in patients with thalassemia major, we have extended the treatment period to 4 years. The mean dose of the chelator was 73 mg/kg per day during 531 patient-years. The rates of agranulocytosis (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] < 500 x 10(9)/L) and milder forms of neutropenia (ANC, 500-1500 x 10(9)/L) were 0.2 and 2.8 per 100 patient-years, respectively. Neutropenia occurred significantly more commonly in patients with intact spleens. Gastrointestinal and joint symptoms decreased significantly after the first year of therapy, and led to discontinuation of deferiprone in only one patient in years 2 to 4. The mean alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value of 71 U/L after 4 years of therapy was significantly higher than the baseline value of 61 U/L. Trend analysis showed no increase in the ALT levels or the percentage of patients with ALT levels greater than twice the upper limit of the reference range. Ferritin levels did not change significantly from the values at the time of change from deferoxamine to deferiprone in either the intention-to-treat analysis or in the 84 patients who completed 4 years of therapy. Because of concerns regarding the effectiveness of the studied dose of deferiprone, 47 patients discontinued therapy, whereas 15 patients interrupted therapy because of concerns regarding low iron levels. The results of this study help to define the safety and effectiveness of long-term therapy with deferiprone.
The Design and Implementation of the University Graduation Design Management System (2012)

In this paper,based on theXinjiang Medical University graduate design management as the foundation,using ASP.NET technology system design and development,and through the use of SQL Server database management,this system is mainly to meet the students' graduation design selection,document revision,document upload and message etc to teachers can through the system to guide students thesis(design) audit and put forward proposals for revision and assessment,to student's thesis(design) of intermediate inspection,check the guidance student papers scores,etc.
A performance comparison of oversampling methods for data generation in imbalanced learning tasks (2018)

Dissertation presented as the partial requirement for obtaining a Master's degree in Statistics and Information Management, specialization in Marketing Research e CRM
Tissue Omega-6 and Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Health and Disease (2008)

The proportions of n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) in tissue HUFA are useful biomarkers that characterize an individual’s average daily dietary intake of essential fatty acids, predict the likely intensity of n-6 eicosanoid actions during tissue responses and estimate the likely risk of death from coronary heart disease. The proportions vary predictably from 20 to 80% depending on the voluntary food choices of each individual. To help individuals identify and select specific food choices that meet each person’s preferences in taste and maintain their tissue proportions of n-3 and n-6 HUFA at a personally desired level of risk aversion, an interactive menu planning program with an interactive United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) nutrient database of nearly 12,000 food servings is downloadable free from http:// efaeducation.nih.gov/sig/kim.html .
Effects of glycyrrhizin on immune‐mediated cytotoxicity (1997)

Intravenous administration of glycyrrhizin is known to decrease elevated plasma transaminase levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis, in which immune-mediated cytotoxicity by cytotoxic T lymphocytes and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is considered to play an important pathogenic role. However, the immunological interpretation of the transaminase-lowering action of glycyrrhizin is not known. Studies were performed to elucidate this action immunologically by assessing the effects of glycyrrhizin on immune-mediated cytotoxicity using an antigen-specific murine CD4+ T hybridoma line, which exhibits cytotoxicity against antigen-presenting cells after stimulation with specific antigen, and a murine TNF-alpha-sensitive fibroblast line. Glycyrrhizin inhibited the cytotoxic activity of the T cells against antigen-presenting cells and also suppressed TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity in the TNF-alpha-sensitive cell line in vitro. These results suggest that the decrease of elevated transaminase levels by glycyrrhizin in patients with chronic viral hepatitis is mediated in part by inhibition of immune-mediated cytotoxicity against hepatocytes.
Experimental Demonstration of Energy-Chirp Control in Relativistic Electron Bunches Using a Corrugated Pipe (2014)

The first experimental study is presented of a corrugated wall device that uses wakefields to remove a linear energy correlation in a relativistic electron beam (a "dechirper"). Time-resolved measurements of both longitudinal and transverse wakefields of the device are presented and compared with simulations. This study demonstrates the feasibility to employ a dechirper for precise control of the beam phase space in the next generation of free-electron-lasers.
Field evaluation of the response of <i>Aedes albopictus</i> ( <i>Stegomyia albopicta</i> ) to three oviposition attractants and different ovitrap placements using black and clear autocidal ovitraps in a rural area of Same, <scp>T</scp> imor‐ <scp>L</scp> este (2014)

Known oviposition attractants or stimulants were compared, singly and in combination, using inexpensive autocidal ovitraps designed to trap emerging adults, in a rural area of Timor-Leste during the dry season. In this area, the dengue vector Aedes albopictus (Stegomyia albopicta) Skuse (Diptera: Culicidae) was abundant, but Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) L. was not detected. The attractants were: (a) a compound found in Aedes eggs (dodecanoic acid); (b) components of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium-based (NPK) fertilizer, and (c) infusions of discarded cigarette butts. A solution of ammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate was significantly more attractive to gravid Ae. albopictus than water only. Dodecanoic acid and cigarette butt infusions were not significantly more attractive than the control; however, they attracted various other Diptera and many non-culicid larvae developed in ovitraps in which these substances were used; thus, the presence of eggs or larvae of other species may have deterred Aedes oviposition. Significantly more Aedes eggs were found in ovitraps under vegetation than in ovitraps placed inside houses or against external walls. Clear-sided ovitraps in which black mesh was placed over a black ring floating on the water surface collected significantly fewer eggs than black ovitraps with identically placed mesh and rings.
Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity of a Rhenium Oxo-Vinylalkylidene Complex (1994)

The reaction of 3 equiv of KOC(CF_3)_2Me with ReOCl_3(PPh_3)_2 in dichloromethane, followed by recrystallization from hexanes/THF, gives ReO[OC(CF_3)_2Me]_3(THF)_2( 1) in 35 7% yield. An\nX-ray diffraction study of 1 (monoclinic, P2_1/n, a = 10.010(3) Å, b = 29.247(6) Å, c = 10.800(3) Å, β = 117.09(1)', Z = 4) reveals a facial arrangement of the three alkoxide ligands around the metal center in a distorted octahedron. The ligand environment in 1 is quite crowded, as evidenced by an elongated Re-O bond between rhenium and one of the THF ligands. The reaction of 3,3-diphenylcyclopropene with 1 in dichloromethane gives initially a mixture of two isomeric rhenium oxo-vinylalkylidene complexes, of which the isomer syn,mer-ReO[C(H)-CH=CPh_2] [OC(CF3)2Me]3(THF) (2b) was isolated in 87% yield. An X-ray diffraction study of 2b (triclinic, P1^(bar), a = 10.459(3) Å, b = 10.913(3) Å, c = 21.308(6) Å, α = 91.16(3)°,β = 102.05-(2)°, γ = 117.98(2)°, 2 = 2) supports a pseudooctahedral structure with mutually trans vinylalkylidene and THF ligands. Complex 2b does not react readily with internal or terminal olefins; however, the addition of GaBr_3 (1 equiv) to 2b yields moderately active catalyst(s) that metathesize cis-2-pentene at ~6.7 turnovers min^(-1). No propagating alkylidene species are observed during the metathesis reaction.
The effect of mucin on the bioavailability of tetracycline from the gastrointestinal tract;<i>in vivo, in vitro</i>correlations (1975)

The bioavailability of tetracycline in the presence and absence of a porcine gastric mucin dispersion (1% W/V) has been studied by in vivo perfusion of the rat small intestine, the rat everted gut, a diffusion cell technique and the Sartorius Absorption Simulator Apparatus. In the presence of the mucin preparation an approximate 50% reduction in the numerical values of each of the parameters used to measure the tetracycline movement across the membrane was found. The physiological significance of each technique and the methods themselves are discussed. Interaction of tetracycline with the porcine gastric mucin preparation is considered in relation to the molecular structure of mucus. The results suggest the drug is bound in some way, as yet undefined, to the mucin macromolecule.
Exploring bundling sale strategy in online service markets with network effects (2014)

In recent years, we have witnessed a growing trend for online service companies to offer “bundling sales” to increase revenue. Bundling sale means that a company groups a set of its products/services and charges this bundle at a fixed price, which is usually less than the total price of individual items. In this paper, our goal is to understand the underlying dynamics of bundling, in particular, what is the optimal bundling sale strategy and under what situations it will be more attractive than the separate sales. We focus on online service markets that exhibit network effect. We provide mathematical models to capture the interactions between buyers and sellers, analyze the market equilibrium and its stability, and formulate an optimization framework to determine the optimal sale strategy for the service provider. We analyze the impact of the key factors, including the network effects and operating costs, on the profitability of bundling. We show that bundling is more profitable than separate sale in most cases; however, the heterogeneity of services and the asymmetry of operating costs reduce the advantage of bundling. These findings provide important insights in designing proper sale strategies for online services.