gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiphase flow modeling of a crude‐oil spill site with a bimodal permeability distribution (1997)

Fluid saturation, particle‐size distribution, and porosity measurements were obtained from 269 core samples collected from six boreholes along a 90‐m transect at a subregion of a crude‐oil spill site, the north pool, near Bemidji, Minnesota. The oil saturation data, collected 11 years after the spill, showed an irregularly shaped oil body that appeared to be affected by sediment spatial variability. The particle‐size distribution data were used to estimate the permeability ( k ) and retention curves for each sample. An additional 344 k estimates were obtained from samples previously collected at the north pool. The 613 k estimates were distributed bimodal lognormally with the two population distributions corresponding to the two predominant lithologies: a coarse glacial outwash deposit and fine‐grained interbedded lenses. A two‐step geostatistical approach was used to generate a conditioned realization of k representing the bimodal heterogeneity. A cross‐sectional multiphase flow model was used to simulate the flow of oil and water in the presence of air along the north pool transect for an 11‐year period. The inclusion of a representation of the bimodal aquifer heterogeneity was crucial for reproduction of general features of the observed oil body. If the bimodal heterogeneity was characterized, hysteresis did not have to be incorporated into the model because a hysteretic effect was produced by the sediment spatial variability. By revising the relative permeability functional relation, an improved reproduction of the observed oil saturation distribution was achieved. The inclusion of water table fluctuations in the model did not significantly affect the simulated oil saturation distribution.
THE DESTRUCTION OF TRYPTOPHANYL RESIDUES IN TRYPSIN BY 280‐nm RADIATION (1973)

Abstract— The destruction of tryptophanyl residues in trypsin by 280‐nm radiation was studied in relation to enzyme inactivation. Quantum yields for destruction of this residue (determined using the pDAB reagent) and for the inactivation of trypsin were measured when the enzyme was exposed to different environmental perturbations. The conformational modifications of trypsin induced in 6 M guanidine‐HCl did not alter the rates of tryptophan destruction and enzyme inactivation. However, an enhanced destruction of the tryptophanyl residues was observed when trypsin solutions were irradiated at 60°C in the presence of air. The increased rate of tryptophan destruction at this temperature was not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the inactivation quantum yield. It was concluded that any photochemically induced reactions of this chromophore that are sensitive to conformational modifications or that result in the destruction of the indole ring are not important in the inactivation mechanism of trypsin.
TWO CASES OF INTRACRANIAL COMPLICATION OF ACUTE EAR DISEASE (1922)

THnr BaLs 4.58 i9f2i JOURNAS~_ with deep, pain in the perineum, pain on defaecation, and perhaps pain in the sacrum, testicle, or hlip-joint. In vesical tumlnour there may be paiin due to cystitis, blood clot blocking the urethra, ureteric obstructioin, or pressure upon nerves. The pain may at first be unilateral, pointing to. the growth being on the corresponding side of thle bladder. In carcinoma of the prostate tlle pain, whiclh is unconnected witlh micturi- tion or movemnent, is usually a constant dull ache, but is sometimes severe and lancinating. It may be referred to the suprapubic region, uretlhra, perineum, hip-joints, thigls, testicles, etc., and is liable to be mistaken for sciatica.
Application of the NIMI technique to the 3×3 Sagnac fibre optic current sensor - experimental results (2003)

The NIMI technique has been proposed as a means to stabilize and improve the performance of the passive 3x3 Sagnac fibre optic current sensor. This paper reviews, and presents results of, the experiments carried out to investigate the performance of the NIMI technique.
The synthesis of lignans and neolignans (1982)

R. S. Ward, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1982, 11, 75 DOI: 10.1039/CS9821100075
Functional analysis of glucocorticoid and insulin response sequences in the rat insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 promoter (1994)

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is produced by the liver and regulated by glucocorticoids and insulin at the level of gene transcription. To identify DNA sequences mediating the effects of glucocorticoids and insulin on IGFBP-1 promoter activity we created luciferase reporter gene constructs and performed transfection studies in H4IIE hepatoma cells. Initial studies confirmed that the IGFBP-1 promoter is functional when inserted in the correct orientation, but not in the reverse orientation. Dexamethasone (DEX) increased promoter activity 10-fold, and insulin reversed this effect of DEX by 85% at 8 h. The effects of DEX were abolished when constructs were truncated to 89 bases from the RNA cap site, and DNase footprinting with the DNA-binding domain of the human glucocorticoid receptor identified an imperfect palindrome containing two receptor-binding sites separated by three nucleotides typical of a glucocorticoid response element (GRE) at this location. Mutation of either binding site (or half-site) disrupted the effects of DEX, confirming that this sequence functions as a GRE. Two other regions of the promoter also footprinted with the glucocorticoid receptor protein and contained sequences consistent with glucocorticoid receptor-binding sites; however, neither of these footprints contained the full structure expected of a functional GRE, and neither mutation nor deletion of these other sequences altered the effects of DEX on promoter activity. To identify the DNA sequences required for the effects of insulin on glucocorticoid-stimulated promoter activity, we created internal deletions throughout the IGFBP-1 promoter region. Deletion of the 22-basepair (bp) sequence immediately 5' from the GRE disrupted the effect of insulin and appeared to increase basal promoter activity at least 2-fold in each of eight experiments (P < 0.001 vs. intact promoter). This region of the IGFBP-1 promoter contains a 19-bp palindrome (CAAAACAAACTTATTTTG) that overlaps the 5'-end of the GRE and is fully conserved in the human IGFBP-1 promoter. Each half of this palindrome resembles previously identified insulin response sequences, and deletion/mutation analysis suggests that each half may contribute to the effects of insulin on promoter activity. Gel shift studies confirmed that this palindrome binds H4IIE nuclear proteins. In summary, we have identified a GRE in the 5'-promoter region of the rat IGFBP-1 gene approximately 90 bp up-stream from the RNA cap site as well as a contiguous 22-bp region that plays a critical role in mediating the effects of insulin on glucocorticoid-stimulated promoter activity.
XXXII. Thermionic Diodes as Energy Converters† (1957)

ABSTRACT Power is dissipated in a resistor connected directly between anode and cathode of a thermionic diode when the cathode is raised to operating temperature. A diode is thus a direct heat-to-electricity converter. This paper analyses the conversion phenomena in a planar system and relates power output to the various diode parameters. In particular, it is shown that the limitation on power conversion efficiency brought about by the space charge barrier can be made arbitrarily small by sufficiently reducing the anode to cathode spacing. However, spacings of the order of 0·01 mm are needed to achieve reasonable efficiencies The paper is of interest in a pedagogical sense, since it throws light on various phenomena in the planar diode, including the effects of cathode and anode work functions. Numerical results are presented which are of general interest in diode theory, and there is a comparison of the exact diode characteristic solution (using η-ξ tables) and the well known Langmuir approximate expansion formula. Notes †Communicated by the Author.
Resolution of the plenum of the interdepartmental scientific councilon obstetrics and gynecology, RAMS M3 RF (2021)

Over the past 10 years in Russia, there has been an intensive increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the reproductive system in women, whose share in the structure of oncological diseases amounted to 36.9%. The current situation is primarily due to an increase in the incidence of malignant tumors of the mammary gland, endometrium, and ovaries. The incidence of breast cancer is growing at a particularly fast pace. Over the past decade, the indicators have increased by more than 70%. The emerging trend towards a decrease in the incidence of cervical cancer in the 70-80s was replaced by a new rise in the period 1990-1999, mainly due to the II-III stages of the disease. The main peak of incidence corresponds to the age period of 56-65 years with a tendency to "rejuvenate" breast cancer up to 35-50 years.
Preface (2006)

s many fundamental and broad ranging contributions have made a major impact on organic chemistry.Trost's work has been characterized by a remarkable combination of imagination, innovation and scholarship.He has ranged over the entire field of organic synthesis, introducing novel methodology that has simplified the construction of many complex targets, including many natural products of biological interest.In a seminal paper, Trost pointed out that, beyond stereochemical control, "atom efficiency" and minimum waste production must be considered.Thus, his goal became to combine synthetic building blocks to produce complex targets with a minimum of byproducts.He has made considerable progress in that context by the careful design of remarkably specific catalysts.Trost's early activities focused around the organic chemistry of sulfur.He introduced a number of novel reactions such as cyclobutanone and lactone annulations, and, of even more general significance, he designed a fundamentally new way of forming olefinic bonds in organic compounds through the introduction and removal of sulfur.The methodology, subsequently much used, is illustrated by the identification of one of his papers in this area as a "Science Citation Classic" by the Institute for Scientific Information.Important as these and a number of other sulfur based methods have proved, it is the invention of new fundamental bond formation processes by the use of homogeneous catalysis which has been Trost's most spectacular contribution.He played a major role in developing the organic chemistry of palladium by being first to demonstrate and greatly expand an original observation by Jiro Tsuji, and making it into a major general method for the formation of a new bond between an allylic carbon center and carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, hydrogen, etc. under catalysis by homogeneous complexes of palladium.Trost's fundamental mechanistic studies in that area demonstrated that these new bond formation proceed with retention of configuration at the carbon center undergoing substitution.Another remarkable
Recent advances in layered transition metal dichalcogenides for hydrogen evolution reaction (2013)

Hydrogen is considered to be a crucial clean energy for the future. As alternatives to Pt for the catalysis of the H2 evolution reaction (HER), transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have shown great promise. In particular, significant new developments involving 2D layered TMDs have been recently reported. This highlight focuses on recent advances in the synthesis of 2D MoS2 and WS2 sheets, and their performance in the catalysis of the HER.
Direct observation of an incommensurate solid-solid interface (1989)

Atomic structure at the epitaxial Al(111)/Si(111) interface has been studied using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. Aside from the orientational ``matching,'' the interface appeared to be incommensurate. We have interpreted the observed phenomenon within the context of the well-known Frank--van dan Merwe dislocation theory for adsorbed overlayers. The result also suggests the intriguing possibility of growing dislocation-free and strain-free thin films.
LTE-Advanced: The Roadmap To 4G Mobile Wireless Networks (2010)

This paper addresses the performance targets and the technology components being studied by 3GPP for LTE- Advanced. The high level targets of LTE-Advanced are to meet or exceed the IMT-Advanced requirements set by ITU-R. The technology components considered for LTE-Advanced include extended spectrum flexibility to support up to 100MHz bandwidth, enhanced multi-antenna solutions with up to eight layer transmission in the downlink and up to four layer transmission in the uplink, coordinated multi-point transmission/reception, and the use of advanced relaying.
Temperature calibration of a high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning NMR probe for analysis of tissue samples (2001)

Abstract The increase in tissue sample temperature caused by the spinning of a rotor in high‐resolution magic‐angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy was investigated using two literature NMR thermometers. The classical methanol thermometer was used to calibrate the temperature difference between the set temperature and the actual sample temperature. At spin speeds of 2, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, a mean increase in sample temperature over the set temperature of 0.8 ± 0.1, 2.2 ± 0.1, 5.0 ± 0.1 and 7.9 ± 0.2 K, respectively, was noted. This calibration was used to gauge the accuracy of the literature glucose thermometer, which was shown to have a mean increase over the set temperature of −0.3 ± 0.1, 1.2 ± 0.2, 3.0 ± 0.2 and 6.1 ±0.1 K at 2, 4, 6 and 8 kHz, respectively. By correcting for the errors measured in this study, a more accurate determination and adjustment of sample temperature in HRMAS NMR spectroscopic analyses of intact tissues is now possible. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Exploring Hoogsteen and Reversed‐Hoogsteen Duplex and Triplex Formation with Tricyclo‐DNA Purine Sequences (2004)

The duplex- and triplex-formation properties of the tricyclo-DNA purine decamer 5'p-gagaaggaaa-3' as a single strand or as part of a hairpin duplex with corresponding parallel and antiparallel pyrimidine DNA and RNA complements, as well as with antiparallel purine DNA and RNA complements, were investigated by UV melting curve analysis, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and gel mobility shift experiments. It was found that tricyclo-DNA forms very stable duplexes with the pyrimidine RNA and DNA complements not only in the Watson-Crick pairing mode, but also in the Hoogsteen one. Below pH 6.0, the tc-DNA/DNA and tc-DNA/RNA Hoogsteen duplexes were found to be more stable than the corresponding Watson-Crick DNA duplexes. Triplexes of the hairpin structure with parallel pyrimidine complements revealed even stronger Hoogsteen pairing relative to the duplexes, presumably due to structural preorganization phenomena. Triplex formation with antiparallel pyrimidine and purine third strands (reversed-Hoogsteen motif) could not be observed and seem to be unstable.
Endothelial<i>Cdkn1a</i>(<i>p21</i>) Overexpression and Accelerated Senescence in a Mouse Model of Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (2012)

Our results identify endothelial Cdkn1a (p21) upregulation in a mouse model of early-onset FECD, confirm overexpression of p21 in late-onset human FECD endothelium, and suggest a role for premature senescence in FECD.
Impurity-to-band activation energy in phosphorus doped diamond (2013)

The value of the impurity-to-band activation energy EA of a dopant is a basic feature of the electrical conductivity of semiconductors. Various techniques were used to determine EA in n-type diamond doped with phosphorus, giving values of EA varying from 0.43 eV to 0.63 eV, the value EA of 0.6 eV being commonly accepted for the ionization energy of phosphorus donors in diamond. Nevertheless, up to now, the dispersion of the experimental values of EA remains unexplained. In this work, we investigate the electrical properties of a set of n-type diamond homoepitaxial films with different phosphorus concentrations by Hall effect measurements in order to deduce EA and to understand the evolution of this energy with the dopant concentration. We show that, below 2 × 1019 cm−3 phosphorus, the decrease of EA is mainly controlled by the concentration of ionized defects resulting from the donor compensation. The role of ionized defects in the decrease of EA is analyzed on the basis of existing models adapted to the case of diamond. The proposed model provides a correct description of the experimental data. It can be used to quantitatively predict the activation energy of phosphorus in n-type diamond for given donor and compensating acceptor concentrations.
A Jacobi--Davidson Iteration Method for Linear Eigenvalue Problems (2000)

In this paper we propose a new method for the iterative computation of a few of the extremal eigenvalues of a symmetric matrix and their associated eigenvectors. The method is based on an old and almost unknown method of Jacobi. Jacobi's approach, combined with Davidson's method, leads to a new method that has improved convergence properties and that may be used for general matrices. We also propose a variant of the new method that may be useful for the computation of nonextremal eigenvalues as well.
Accurate processing and secretion in the baculovirus expression system of an erythroid-cell-stimulating factor consisting of a chimaera of insulin-like growth factor II and an insect insulin-like peptide (1994)

A synthetic gene encoding the signal peptide and the N-terminal sequence of bombyxin, an insect insulin-like peptide, and the 58 amino acids of the C-terminal sequence of human insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) has been expressed using the baculovirus system. This synthetic chimaera was obtained by amplification of four overlapping oligonucleotides using Taq polymerase and cloning into the transfer vector pBluebac. The construct was integrated by homologous recombination into the Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis genome. Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 insect cells infected with the recombinant baculovirus secreted an accurately processed peptide consisting of the ten N-terminal amino acids of bombyxin and the 58 C-terminal amino acids of IGF II. The N-terminal glutamine of bombyxin was changed to asparagine to facilitate sequencing of the synthetic peptide. The chimaera was five times more potent than human recombinant IGF II in its capacity to stimulate thymidine incorporation into erythroid cells of fetal bovine liver in a serum-free medium. It stimulated erythroid colony formation in the presence of 2 microunits/ml erythropoietin in cells cultured over a monolayer of stromal cells of fetal liver. Artificial chimaeras as described here may prove useful for the production of insulin, IGF I and other peptides as secreted proteins in insect cells.
Shared Understanding for Collaborative Control (2005)

This paper presents results from three experiments in which human operators were teamed with a mixed-initiative robot control system to accomplish various indoor search and exploration tasks. By assessing human workload and error together with overall performance, these experiments provide an objective means to contrast different modes of robot autonomy and to evaluate both the usability of the interface and the effectiveness of autonomous robot behavior. The first experiment compares the performance achieved when the robot takes initiative to support human driving with the opposite case when the human takes initiative to support autonomous robot driving. The utility of robot autonomy is shown through achievement of better performance when the robot is in the driver's seat. The second experiment introduces a virtual three-dimensional (3-D) map representation that supports collaborative understanding of the task and environment. When used in place of video, the 3-D map reduced operator workload and navigational error. By lowering bandwidth requirements, use of the virtual 3-D interface enables long-range, nonline-of-sight communication. Results from the third experiment extend the findings of experiment 1 by showing that collaborative control can increase performance and reduce error even when the complexity of the environment is increased and workload is distributed amongst multiple operators.
Direct measurement of the voltage sensitivity of second-harmonic generation from a membrane dye in patch-clamped cells (2003)

We report what is to our knowledge the first optical imaging of voltage-clamped cells by second-harmonic generation. For the membrane-staining styryl dye di-4-ANEPPS, we determined the sensitivity of second-harmonic generation to be 18%/100 mV at an excitation wavelength of 850 ns. This sensitivity is significantly better than the optimal 10%/100 mV under fluorescence and further establishes the importance of second-harmonic generation for the functional imaging of membrane potential in living cells.
Automatic monitoring management for 5G mobile networks (2017)

5G mobile networks are pushing new dynamic and flexible scenarios that require the automation of the management processes performed by network administrators. To this end, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) arose with the goal of moving from traditional manual management processes towards an automatic and dynamic perspective. The orchestration of the monitoring services is an essential task to conduct self-configuration, self-healing, and self-optimization processes required by SONs. In this context, we propose a solution that efficiently orchestrates the monitoring services by managing the network resources automatically. In particular, we propose a 5G-oriented architecture that integrates the Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) technologies to monitor and orchestrate the whole life-cycle of monitoring services considering information of the network control plane.
The American Heritage dictionary of idioms (2013)

The American Heritage dictionary of idioms , The American Heritage dictionary of idioms , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Crystal‐state structural analysis of two γ‐lactam‐restricted analogs of Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐NH<sub>2</sub> (1989)

The crystal structures of two analogs of Pro-Leu-Gly-NH2 (1), containing a gamma-lactam conformational constraint in place of the -Leu-Gly- sequences, are described. The highly biologically active (S,R)-diastereomer 2a is semi-extended at the C-terminus, with the N-terminal Pro residue in the unusual "C5" conformation [psi 1 = -0.8(15) degrees] stabilized by a (peptide)N-H...N(amino) intramolecular H-bond [the N(3)...N(4) separation is 2.687(11)A]. Conversely, the N,N'-isopropylidene aminal trihydrate of the (S,S)-diastereomer 2b, compound 3, adopts a beta-bend conformation at the C-terminus, as already reported for 1. However, the backbone torsion angles [phi 2 = 57.4(4), psi 2 = -129.9(3) degrees; psi 3 = -92.3(4), phi 3 = 6.4(5) degrees] lie close to the values expected for the corner residues of an ideal type-II' beta-bend. A weak intramolecular 4----1 H-bond is seen between the Gly carboxyamide anti-NH and Pro C = O groups. In the newly formed 2,2,3,4-tetraalkyl-5-oxo-imidazolidin-1-yl moiety the psi 1 torsion angle is 12.9(4) degrees and the intramolecular N(3)...N(4) separation is 2.321(4)A.