gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Parvovirus B19 Nonstructural Protein (NS1) Induces Cell Cycle Arrest at G <sub>1</sub> Phase (2003)

Human parvovirus B19 infects predominantly erythroid precursor cells, leading to inhibition of erythropoiesis. This erythroid cell damage is mediated by the viral nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) through an apoptotic mechanism. We previously demonstrated that B19 virus infection induces G(2) arrest in erythroid UT7/Epo-S1 cells; however, the role of NS1 in regulating cell cycle arrest is unknown. In this report, by using paclitaxel, a mitotic inhibitor, we show that B19 virus infection induces not only G(2) arrest but also G(1) arrest. Interestingly, UV-irradiated B19 virus, which has inactivated the expression of NS1, still harbors the ability to induce G(2) arrest but not G(1) arrest. Furthermore, treatment with caffeine, a G(2) checkpoint inhibitor, abrogated the B19 virus-induced G(2) arrest despite expression of NS1. These results suggest that the B19 virus-induced G(2) arrest is not mediated by NS1 expression. We also found that NS1-transfected UT7/Epo-S1 and 293T cells induced cell cycle arrest at the G(1) phase. These results indicate that NS1 expression plays a critical role in G(1) arrest induced by B19 virus. Furthermore, NS1 expression significantly increased p21/WAF1 expression, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that induces G(1) arrest. Thus, G(1) arrest mediated by NS1 may be a prerequisite for the apoptotic damage of erythroid progenitor cells upon B19 virus infection.
Expression of the ‘DEAD box’ RNA helicase p68 is developmentally and growth regulated and correlates with organ differentiation/maturation in the fetus (1998)

The human DEAD box protein p68 is an established RNA-dependent ATPase and RNA helicase, p68 has been highly conserved in evolution and appears to be essential for normal growth, suggesting that this protein plays an important role in the cell. Although the biochemical activities of p68 are fairly well characterized, little is known about its biological function. This report shows that p68 is detectable in quiescent cell lines, but its expression is induced by serum, suggesting that this protein may play a role in cell growth. It is also shown that both p68 mRNA and protein are differentially expressed in adult tissues; in this case, however, the levels do not always correlate with proliferation status, suggesting that the regulation of expression in the animal may be different from that in cell lines. Finally, it is shown that p68 expression is developmentally regulated and appears to correlate with organ differentiation/maturation. These findings suggest that p68 expression may not simply reflect proliferation/differentiation status and that it appears to be regulated in a more complex way.
An Approach to Vendor Performance Evaluation (1987)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Cross-Language Retrieval with the Twenty-One System (1997)

The EU project Twenty-One will support cross language queries in a multilingual document base. A prototype version of the Twenty-One system has been subjected to the Cross Language track tests in order to set baseline performances. The runs were based on query translation using dictionaries and corpus based disambiguation methods. 1 Introduction 1.1 Twenty-One project Twenty-One is a 2 MECU project with 11 partners 1 funded by the EU Telematics program, sector Information Engineering. The project subtitle is &quot;Development of a Multimedia Information Transaction and Dissemination Tool&quot;. Twenty-One started early 1996 and is currently in its building phase. The Twenty-One database consists of documents in different languages, initially Dutch, English, French and German but extensions to other European languages are envisaged. The TREC Cross Language (CLIR) track task fits our needs to evaluate the system on the aspect of cross language retrieval performance. 1.2 TREC6 Although the de...
Electro-optical switch and continuously tunable filter based on a Bragg grating in a planar waveguide with a liquid crystal overlayer (2002)

The possibility of using smectic liquid crystals in active wave- guide devices is explored through the analysis of both an integrated electro-optic switch and a continuously tunable filter. The two devices are based on a Bragg grating in planar waveguide with a liquid crystal over- layer, which enables changing the spectral behavior of the device. The fast and bistable switching of smectic C* in the surface-stabilized liquid crystal structure is used to investigate the possibility of realizing an inte- grated electro-optical switch. The principal advantage of this device is its spectral signature, which enables us to overcome the problems of inten- sity dependent devices. The soft-mode of smectic A* liquid crystals, enabling a continuous modulation of extraordinary refractive index, is used to design an integrated wavelength filter in the wavelength range of interest for optical communications. The principal advantages of such device include fast tuning speed, wide tuning range, low power dissipa- tion, and low cost. © 2002 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Demographics and Trends in Wheeled Mobility Equipment Use and Accessibility in the Community (2010)

This article presents a profile of household-resident U.S. adults using wheeled mobility equipment (WME) in 2005, trends in WME use from 1990 to 2005, and data on accessibility features and problems from 1994-97. Data were obtained from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) and the National Health Interview Survey on Disability (NHIS-D). Compared to the general population, WME users are more likely to be older, female, and in poor health. Forty-four percent are working-aged, with twice the rate of poverty of the general population, and only 17% are employed. Mobility difficulty is the most significant predictor of WME use, but gender, race, poverty, and educational attainment are also significant predictors. From 1990-2005, WME use grew 5% per year, while mobility difficulty declined among the elderly and remained steady among working-age persons. This contrast suggests a reduction in unmet need for WME. In 1994-97, more than half of WME users had difficulty entering or exiting their homes, and one-third had accessibility problems outside their homes. Usage of home modification was low, with substantial unmet need. Regular national data collection on the use of WME and other mobility aids, their financing, and accessibility issues is warranted.
Theoretical Study on Cooperativity Effects between Anion–π and Halogen‐Bonding Interactions (2011)

This article analyzes the interplay between lone pair-π (lp-π) or anion-π interactions and halogen-bonding interactions. Interesting cooperativity effects are observed when lp/anion-π and halogen-bonding interactions coexist in the same complex, and they are found even in systems in which the distance between the anion and halogen-bond donor molecule is longer than 9 Å. These effects are studied theoretically in terms of energetic and geometric features of the complexes, which are computed by ab initio methods. Bader's theory of "atoms in molecules" is used to characterize the interactions and to analyze their strengthening or weakening depending upon the variation of charge density at critical points. The physical nature of the interactions and cooperativity effects are studied by means of molecular interaction potential with polarization partition scheme. By taking advantage of all aforementioned computational methods, the present study examines how these interactions mutually influence each other. Additionally, experimental evidence for such interactions is obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD).
A Study on Women Empowerment And Its Challenges In Assam (2021)

Women empowerment is a crucial topic in the present context and an important variable for social change. The present paper attempts to analyze the status of women's empowerment based on various indicators based on some data from secondary sources. The study explains that the women of India are less empowered than their male counterparts and they enjoy lower status than men despite numerous efforts undertaken by the government. The paper finds that there is a huge gender gap prevailed in access to education, employment, and household decisions. Household decision-making power and freedom of movement are considerably varied with their age, educational attainment, and employment status. Fewer women have their say in the important household decision which is a major cause of women's backwardness. Women’s less control over their property is also observed in the study which is a major concern for women empowerment. Rural women are more prone to domestic violence because rural women are comparatively less educated and unaware of their domestic rights. The study observes that the major cons of women empowerment in India and Assam are lack of quality education lack of employment opportunities for women, social barriers, and negative attitude of society towards women empowerment.
Vibrational Energy Relaxation and Structural Dynamics of Heme Proteins (1991)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
R&D in the New Budget System (1976)

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Online Lithium-Ion Battery Internal Resistance Measurement Application in State-of-Charge Estimation Using the Extended Kalman Filter (2017)

The lithium-ion battery is a viable power source for hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) and, more recently, electric vehicles (EVs). Its performance, especially in terms of state of charge (SOC), plays a significant role in the energy management of these vehicles. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is widely used to estimate online SOC as an efficient estimation algorithm. However, conventional EKF algorithms cannot accurately estimate the difference between individual batteries, which should not be ignored. However, the internal resistance of a battery can represent this difference. Therefore, this work proposes using an EKF with internal resistance measurement based on the conventional algorithm. Lithium-ion battery real-time resistances can help the Kalman filter overcome defects from simplistic battery models. In addition, experimental results show that it is useful to introduce online internal resistance to the estimation of SOC.
Arjungenin, Arjunglucoside I, and Arjunglucoside II. A New Triterpene and New Triterpene Glucosides from <i>Terminalia arjuna</i> (1976)

Abstract Arjungenin, a new triterpene isolated from Terminalia arjuna, is shown to be 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (1). The structures of two new triterpene glucosides, arjunglucoside I and arjunglucoside II, isolated from the same plant, were determined to be β-d-glucopyranosyl 2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oate (2) and β-d-glucopyranosyl arjunolate (3), respectively.
Hepatic Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Models with Liver-specific Deletion or Global Suppression of the NADPH-Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene (2005)

NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR) is an essential component for the function of many enzymes, including microsomal cytochrome P450 (P450) monooxygenases and heme oxygenases. In liver-Cpr-null (with liver-specific Cpr deletion) and Cpr-low (with reduced CPR expression in all organs examined) mouse models, a reduced serum cholesterol level and an induction of hepatic P450s were observed, whereas hepatomegaly and fatty liver were only observed in the liver-Cpr-null model. Our goal was to identify hepatic gene expression changes related to these phenotypes. Cpr-lox mice (with a floxed Cpr gene and normal CPR expression) were used as the control. Through microarray analysis, we identified many genes that were differentially expressed among the three groups of mice. We also recognized the 12 gene ontology terms that contained the most significantly changed gene expression in at least one of the two mouse models. We further uncovered potential mechanisms, such as an increased activation of constitutive androstane receptor and a decreased activation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor-alpha by precursors of cholesterol biosynthesis, that underlie common changes (e.g. induction of multiple P450s and suppression of genes for fatty acid metabolism) in response to CPR loss in the two mouse models. Additionally, we observed model-specific gene expression changes, such as the induction of a fatty-acid translocase (Cd36 antigen) and the suppression of carnitine O-palmitoyltransferase 1 (Cpt1a) and acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 1 (Acsl1), that are potentially responsible for the severe hepatic lipidosis and an altered fatty acid profile observed in liver-Cpr-null mice.
Introduction to Logic Design with CD ROM (2004)

Introduction to Logic Design by Alan Marcovitz is intended for the first course in logic design, taken by computer science, computer engineering, and electrical engineering students. As with the first edition, the new edition is distinguised by a clear presentation of fundamentals and an exceptional collection of examples, solved problems, and exercises. Changes found in the new edition reflect reviewer feedback from both users and nonusers of the first edition and primarily involve improvements in organization and topic coverage. 
The text integrates laboratory experiences, both hardware and computer simulation, while not making them mandatory for following the main flow of the chapters. Design is emphasized throughout, and switching algebra is developed as a tool for analyzing and implementing digital systems. The presentation includes excellent coverage of minimization of combinational circuits, including multiple output ones, using the Karnaugh map and iterated consensus. There are a number of examples of the design of larger systems, both combinational and sequential, using medium scale integrated circuits and programmable logic devices. 
Table of contents

1 Introduction
2 Switching Algebra and Logic Circuits
3 The Karnaugh Map
4 Function Minimization Algorithms
5 Larger Combinational Systems
6 Analysis of Sequential Systems
7 The Design of Sequential Systems
8 Solving Larger Sequential Problems
9 Simplification of Sequential CircuitsAppendix A Laboratory ExperimentsAppendix B Answers to Selected ExercisesAppendix C Chapter Tests Answers
Functional Mitochondrial Complex I Is Required by Tobacco Leaves for Optimal Photosynthetic Performance in Photorespiratory Conditions and during Transients (2003)

The importance of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in photosynthesis was studied using the tobacco (Nicotiana sylvestris) mutant CMSII, which lacks functional complex I. Rubisco activities and oxygen evolution at saturating CO(2) showed that photosynthetic capacity in the mutant was at least as high as in wild-type (WT) leaves. Despite this, steady-state photosynthesis in the mutant was reduced by 20% to 30% at atmospheric CO(2) levels. The inhibition of photosynthesis was alleviated by high CO(2) or low O(2). The mutant showed a prolonged induction of photosynthesis, which was exacerbated in conditions favoring photorespiration and which was accompanied by increased extractable NADP-malate dehydrogenase activity. Feeding experiments with leaf discs demonstrated that CMSII had a lower capacity than the WT for glycine (Gly) oxidation in the dark. Analysis of the postillumination burst in CO(2) evolution showed that this was not because of insufficient Gly decarboxylase capacity. Despite the lower rate of Gly metabolism in CMSII leaves in the dark, the Gly to Ser ratio in the light displayed a similar dependence on photosynthesis to the WT. It is concluded that: (a) Mitochondrial complex I is required for optimal photosynthetic performance, despite the operation of alternative dehydrogenases in CMSII; and (b) complex I is necessary to avoid redox disruption of photosynthesis in conditions where leaf mitochondria must oxidize both respiratory and photorespiratory substrates simultaneously.
Cdk2:  A Genuine Protein Kinase Client of Hsp90 and Cdc37 (2005)

Hsp90 and its cochaperone Cdc37 cooperate to provide requisite support to numerous protein kinases involved in cellular signal transduction. In this report, we studied the interactions of Hsp90 and Cdc37 with the cyclin-dependent kinase, Cdk2. Treatment of K562 cells with the Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, caused a 75% reduction in Cdk2 levels and reduced the levels of its activating kinase, Cdk7, by more than 60%, suggesting that both of these kinases may be Hsp90 clients. Using classical pull-down assays and the Hsp90 inhibitory agents geldanamycin and molybdate, Cdk2 is shown to be a genuine client of the Hsp90 chaperone complex. Subsequently, pull-down assays directed at helix alphaC of Cdk2 are shown to disrupt Hsp90 and Cdc37 binding and explain the initial difficulties in demonstrating these interactions. Mutant constructs containing deletions of secondary structural elements from the N- and C-termini of Cdk2 were prepared and assayed for their ability to coadsorb Hsp90 and Cdc37 in a salt-stable high-affinity manner with and without the addition of molybdate. Consistent with similar work done with the cyclin-dependent kinase relative Cdk4, the presence of the G-box motif of Cdk2 was shown to be critical for Cdc37 binding, whereas consistent with work done with the Src-family tyrosine kinase Lck, the presence of helix alphaC and the stabilization of helix alphaE were shown to be needed for Hsp90 binding.
Moving-Particle Semi-Implicit Method for Fragmentation of Incompressible Fluid (1996)

A moving-particle semi-implicit (MPS) method for simulating fragmentation of incompressible fluids is presented. The motion of each particle is calculated through interactions with neighboring particles covered with the kernel function. Deterministic particle interaction models representing gradient, Laplacian, and free surfaces are proposed. Fluid density is implicitly required to be constant as the incompressibility condition, while the other terms are explicitly calculated. The Poisson equation of pressure is solved by the incomplete Cholesky conjugate gradient method. Collapse of a water column is calculated using MPS. The effect of parameters in the models is investigated in test calculations. Good agreement with an experiment is obtained even if fragmentation and coalescence of the fluid take place.
Mechanisms of the increase of the Cd(II) 441.6 nm laser power by the addition of iodine in a positive column He-Cd&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;laser (1978)

The population densities of the He(I) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{3}S</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2^{3}P</tex> levels and the Cd(II) ground level were experimentally determined with the modified absorption method in a positive column He-Cd laser discharge with little iodine. The population densities of the upper and lower laser levels of the Cd(II) 441.6 nm line were also obtained with the modified absorption method and the gain measurement. From these results, the mechanism of the increase in the Cd(II) 441.6 nm laser power with the addition of iodine was made clear.
TERMA Framework for Biomedical Signal Analysis: An Economic-Inspired Approach (2016)

Biomedical signals contain features that represent physiological events, and each of these events has peaks. The analysis of biomedical signals for monitoring or diagnosing diseases requires the detection of these peaks, making event detection a crucial step in biomedical signal processing. Many researchers have difficulty detecting these peaks to investigate, interpret and analyze their corresponding events. To date, there is no generic framework that captures these events in a robust, efficient and consistent manner. A new method referred to for the first time as two event-related moving averages ("TERMA") involves event-related moving averages and detects events in biomedical signals. The TERMA framework is flexible and universal and consists of six independent LEGO building bricks to achieve high accuracy detection of biomedical events. Results recommend that the window sizes for the two moving averages ( W 1 and W 2 ) have to follow the inequality ( 8 × W 1 ) ≥ W 2 ≥ ( 2 × W 1 ) . Moreover, TERMA is a simple yet efficient event detector that is suitable for wearable devices, point-of-care devices, fitness trackers and smart watches, compared to more complex machine learning solutions.
Semiconductor on glass photocathodes for high throughput maskless electron beam lithography (1997)

Previous results obtained from negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathodes have shown high brightness (1×108 A/cm2sr at 3 kV), energy spreads as low as 50 meV at room temperature, uniform sensitivity to red and infrared light over cm2 areas, picosecond-scale switching, and low emission noise. These properties make possible a number of new electron beam tools, including a high-throughput multibeam maskless wafer exposure tool. Simulations show that up to 10 μA of current at 50 kV can be delivered to the wafer in such a system with a total spot diameter of 70 nm. The main obstacle to the use of NEA photocathodes in lithography instruments is the issue of cathode stability and lifetime. An ultrahigh system vacuum was built to activate and evaluate NEA photocathodes in a demountable system that includes areas with poorer vacuum. In this system a low quantum efficiency photocathode (&lt;0.1%) was maintained at constant emission up to 190 nA with no discernible decay. A higher-efficiency cathode provided a brightness estimated at 2.2×107 A/cm2sr at 5 kV. Lifetime measurements on this cathode showed no measurable effect from resist exposure, and stable emission of 375 nA for 15 h, followed by a steady decay of ∼1.5%/h with no re-cesiation. Higher current results (3.75–1.3 μA) show a decay rate of ∼6%/h without re-cesiation. The use of cesium in a feedback loop was shown as an effective way to stabilize emission. Furthermore, the decay is limited to an area 2.6 mm in diameter, as the rest of the cathode is shielded by nonevaporable getter material. This result indicates that the source lifetime can be extended hundreds of times by simply moving the cathode to expose a fresh area. A moveable NEA photocathode in combination with a cesium source in a feedback loop promises to be a highly reliable, long-lifetime electron source.
Correlated bond rotations in interactions of arginine residues with ligand carboxylate groups in protein ligand complexes (1997)

The 1H/15N HSQC NMR spectra of complexes of Lactobacillus casei dihydrofolate reductase containing methotrexate recorded at 1 degree C show four resolved signals for the four NH(eta) protons of the Arg57 residue. This is consistent with hindered rotation in the guanidino group resulting from interactions with the alpha-carboxylate of methotrexate. Increasing the temperature causes exchange line-broadening and coalescence of signals. Rotation rates for the N(epsilon)C(zeta) and C(zeta)N(eta) bonds have been calculated from lineshape analysis and from zz-HSQC exchange experiments. The interactions between the methotrexate alpha-carboxylate group and the Arg57 guanidino group decrease the rotation rates for the N(epsilon)C(zeta) bond by about a factor of 10 and those for the C(zeta)N(eta) bonds by more than a factor of 100 with respect to their values in free arginine. Furthermore, the relative rates of rotation about these two bonds are reversed in the protein complexes compared with their values in free arginine indicating that there are concerted rotations about the N(epsilon)C(zeta) bond of the Arg57 guanidino group and the C'C(alpha) bond of the glutamate alpha-carboxylate group of methotrexate.