gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles of Fabrication of Bulk Ultrafine-Grained and Nanostructured Materials by Multiple Isothermal Forging (2010)

On the basis of generalization of research results obtained at the Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems, principles of fabrication of bulk ultrafine-grained and nanostructured materials by multiple isothermal forging are formulated. Multiple isothermal forging is shown to be a universal high-performance deformation technique for the grain refinement in metals and alloys maximally exploiting the potential of dynamic recrystallization.
Knowledge representation for model libraries (2003)

A knowledge-representation scheme is proposed for a library of complex models with an emphasis on knowledge of management-science paradigms. The scheme supports the model type, the model template, and the model instance levels. At the model-type level, reasoning about assumptions, mathematical form, inputs, outputs, and solvers is supported. The library maintains a taxonomy of model types based on these features. At the model template and model instance levels, reasoning about model details and business knowledge incorporated into the model are supported. An overview of the library operators is provided, and the assumption matching operator, which permits inexact searching, is described in detail. >
Differential levels of soluble endoglin (CD105) in myeloid malignancies (2002)

Angiogenesis contributes to disease progression in solid and hematopoietic malignancies, and endoglin (CD105), a component of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta receptor complex, is a powerful marker of neovascularization. Elevated amounts of soluble CD105 (sCD105) have been recently identified in selected solid tumors but no data are available on sCD105 in hematopoietic malignancies. Therefore, levels of sCD105 were investigated in sera of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 10) or chronic myeloproliferative disorders (CMD) (n = 28), and correlated with those of soluble TGF-beta(1) (sTGF-beta(1)). Dot blot assay detected higher amounts of sCD105 (P < 0.05) both in AML (4.34 +/- 2.62 OD/mm(2)) and in CMD (3.71 +/- 2.09 OD/mm(2)) patients than in healthy subjects (n = 14, 2.38 +/- 1.18 OD/mm(2)). Instead, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) identified (P < 0.05) lower and higher levels of sTGF-beta(1) in AML (32,017 +/- 1,900 pg/ml) and CMD (60,700 +/- 19,200 pg/ml) patients, respectively, compared to healthy individuals (n = 11, 47,173 +/- 5,443 pg/ml). In essential thrombocythemia (ET) patients with thrombotic episodes, levels of sCD105 were lower (P < 0.05) compared to patients without thrombotic complications, and inversely correlated with those of sTGF-beta(1) (r = 0.94). Conversely, amounts of sCD105 directly correlated with levels of sTGF-beta(1) (r = 0.74) in ET patients without thrombotic events. Our results show that high levels of sCD105 are present in myeloid malignancies that are characterized by a high cellular proliferation rate, and suggest that an altered balance between sCD105 and sTGF-beta(1) might favor disease progression and clinical complications.
Combined Cycle Enhancement (1991)

The Combined Cycle Plant (CCP) offers the best solutions to curb air pollution and the greenhouse effect, and it represents today the most effective heat engine ever created. At Graz University of Technology work is being conducted in close cooperation with industry to further enhancement of CC systems with regard to raising output and efficiency. Feasibility studies for intake air climatization, overload and part-load control, introduction of aeroderivate gas turbines in conjunction with high-temperature steam cycles, proposals for cooling, and the use of hydrogen as fuel are presented.
Phytocannabinoids, CNS cells and development: A dead issue? (2010)

The neonatal and immature CNS is more susceptible to phytocannabinoid damage. In the adult CNS the data are conflicting and the continued development of methods to assess whether marijuana consumption results in brain atrophy or morphometric changes will determine if structural changes are occurring.
CLUSTERING‐BASED DECISION TREE CLASSIFIER CONSTRUCTION / KLASTERIŲ SPRENDIMŲ MEDŽIU PAGRĮSTAS STATYBOS KLASIFIKATORIUS (2010)

This article studies data structure investigation possibilities using cluster analysis. Density structures within classes are explored to implement class decomposition in order to enhance performance of decision tree classifiers. Classes are decomposed using cluster analysis and cluster merge evaluation using decision tree classifiers. Then impact of class decomposition is shown on C4.5 and CART classifiers. The main focus is on experiments carried out with real‐valued data sets. The experiments are described in a step‐by‐step manner to illustrate the patterns discovered which affect previously proposed patterns in class decomposition methodology. Santrauka Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos duomenų struktūros tyrimo galimybės naudojant klasterinė analizė. Tiriamos įvairaus tankio klasės ir siekiama tokio klasės išskaidymo laipsnio, kad padidetų sprendimų medžio klasifikatorių veiksmingumas. Klasės suskaidomos klasterinės analizės ir klasterių sujungimo metodais, naudojant sprendimų medžio klasifikatorius. Tada klasės skilimo poveikis parodomas C4.5 ir CART klasifikatoriuose. Pagrindinis dėmesys skiriamas bandymams, atliktiems su realiu duomenų rinkiniais. Eksperimentai aprašomi žingsnis po žingsnio, iliustruojant atrastus modelius, kurie veikia anksčiau siūlytus klasių modelius.
A new generalized cross correlator (1985)

A new generalized cross correlator (GCC) for the passive time delay estimation problem is presented. The interpretation of this GCC is that of estimating the cross-correlation function by cross correlating the least mean-square estimates of the signal component in each of the observed waveforms. The implementation is simply a GCC with the weighting filter equal to the magnitude coherency squared. Numerical evaluation of the performance of this processor and a robust version indicate that they compare favorably to some of the well-known GCC procedures.
A Deep Learning Model for Identification of Defect Patterns in Semiconductor Wafer Map (2019)

The semiconductors are used as various precision components in many electronic products. Each layer must be inspected of defect after drawing and baking the mask pattern in wafer fabrication. Unfortunately, the defects come from various variations during the semiconductor manufacturing and cause massive losses to the companies' yield. If the defects could be identified and classified correctly, then the root of the fabrication problem can be recognized and eventually resolved. Automatic optical inspection (AOI) is used to visualize defect patterns and identify root causes of die failures. AOI can be replaced a large number of human inspections with high-speed and accurate inspection technology, to achieve consistency in the detection and shorten the inspection time, then improve product quality and competitiveness. The defect is judged from the feature in AOI, but the final goal is to determine if the defect is a true or a pseudo defect of the wafer. Then, we need to determine what defect type is. But the current AOI needs a subsequent final verification by the human to judge the type of defect. Machine learning (ML) techniques have been widely accepted and are well suited for such classification and identification problems. In this paper, we employ convolutional neural networks (CNN) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) for wafer map retrieval tasks and the defect pattern classification. CNN is the most famous deep learning architecture. The recent surge of interest in CNN is due to the immense popularity and effectiveness of convnets. XGBoost is the most popular machine learning framework among data science practitioners, especially on Kaggle, which is a platform for data prediction competitions where researchers post their data and statisticians and data miners compete to produce the best models. CNN and XGBoost are compared with a random decision forests (RF), support vector machine (SVM), adaptive boosting (Adaboost), and the final results indicate a superior classification performance of the proposed method. Our experimental result demonstrates the success of CNN and extreme gradient boosting techniques for the identification of defect patterns in semiconductor wafers. The overall classification accuracy for the test dataset of CNN and extreme gradient boosting is 99.2%/98.1%. We demonstrate the success of this technique for the identification of defect patterns in semiconductor wafers. We believe this is the first time accurate computational classification in such task has been reported achieving accuracy above 99%.
A 0.5V, 1µW successive approximation ADC (2002)

A successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented operating at ultra low supply voltages. The circuit is realized in a 0.18m CMOS technology. Neither low-V T devices nor voltage boosting techniques are used. All voltage levels are between supply voltage (VDD) and ground (VSS). A passive sample-and-hold stage and an capacitor-based digital-to-analog converter (DAC) are used to avoid application of opamps, since opamp operation requires higher values for the lowest possible supply voltage. The ADC has a signal-to-noiseand -distortion ratio (SNDR) of 51.2dB and 43.3dB for supply voltages of 1V and 0.5V, at sampling rates of 150kS/s and 4.1kS/s and power consumptions of 30W and 0.85W, respectively. Proper operation is achieved down to a supply voltage of 0.4V.
Recent advances in noninvasive glucose monitoring (2012)

The race for the next generation of painless and reliable glucose monitoring for diabetes mellitus is on. As technology advances, both diagnostic techniques and equipment improve. This review describes the main technologies currently being explored for noninvasive glucose monitoring. The principle of each technology is mentioned; its advantages and limitations are then discussed. The general description and the corresponding results for each device are illustrated, as well as the current status of the device and the manufacturer; internet references for the devices are listed where appropriate. Ten technologies and eleven potential devices are included in this review. Near infrared spectroscopy has become a promising technology, among others, for blood glucose monitoring. Although some reviews have been published already, the rapid development of technologies and information makes constant updating mandatory. While advances have been made, the reliability and the calibration of noninvasive instruments could still be improved, and more studies carried out under different physiological conditions of metabolism, bodily fluid circulation, and blood components are needed.
Effects of serotonin and melanin on in vitro HIV-1 infection. (1997)

In this article, we describe the effect of indoleamines: serotonin (5-HT) and synthetic soluble melanin, on the multiplication of HIV-1 in T4 lymphocytic cell lines. The results show that viral production is increased when infected CEM-11 cells are incubated with 5-HT (10(-7) M and 10(-8) M) for 72 hours, whereas at higher doses (10(-3) M and 10(-4) M), there is an inhibition of viral multiplication. As well, when infected CEM cells were cultured in the presence of 5-HT at 10(-4) M, during 15 days, virus production, syncytia formation and cytolytic effect were drastically inhibited. Melanin also inhibits HIV-1 cytopathic effect on MT-2 cells, without cell toxicity, at concentrations of 0.2-10 micrograms/ml. Syncytium formation and cell lysis were also blocked by melanin at concentrations of 0.1 to 10 micrograms/ml, when uninfected MT-2 cells were mixed with HIV-1 chronically infected CEM-11 cells.
Overexpression of the <i>ASN1</i> Gene Enhances Nitrogen Status in Seeds of Arabidopsis (2003)

In wild-type Arabidopsis, levels of ASN1 mRNA and asparagine (Asn) are tightly regulated by environmental factors and metabolites. Because Asn serves as an important nitrogen storage and transport compound used to allocate nitrogen resources between source and sink organs, we tested whether overexpression of the major expressed gene for Asn synthetase, ASN1, would lead to changes in nitrogen status in the ultimate storage organ for metabolites-seeds. Transgenic Arabidopsis constitutively overexpressing ASN1 under the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter were constructed (35S-ASN1). In seeds of the 35S-ASN1 lines, three observations support the notion that the nitrogen status was enhanced: (a) elevations of soluble seed protein contents, (b) elevations of total protein contents from acid-hydrolyzed seeds, and (c) higher tolerance of young seedlings when grown on nitrogen-limiting media. Besides quantitative differences, changes in the relative composition of the seed amino acid were also observed. The change in seed nitrogen status was accompanied by an increase of total free amino acids (mainly Asn) allocated to flowers and developing siliques. In 35S-ASN1 lines, sink tissues such as flowers and developing siliques exhibit a higher level of free Asn than source tissues such as leaves and stems, despite significantly higher levels of ASN1 mRNA observed in the source tissues. This was at least partially due to an enhanced transport of Asn from source to sink via the phloem, as demonstrated by the increased levels of Asn in phloem exudates of the 35S-ASN1 plants.
Cytoglobin Is Expressed in the Vasculature and Regulates Cell Respiration and Proliferation via Nitric Oxide Dioxygenation (2009)

Disposition of the second messenger nitric oxide (NO) in mammalian tissues occurs through multiple pathways including dioxygenation by erythrocyte hemoglobin and red muscle myoglobin. Metabolism by a putative NO dioxygenase activity in non-striated tissues has also been postulated, but the exact nature of this activity is unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that cytoglobin, a newly discovered hexacoordinated globin, participates in cell-mediated NO consumption. Stable expression of small hairpin RNA targeting cytoglobin in fibroblasts resulted in decreased NO consumption and intracellular nitrate production. These cells were more sensitive to NO-induced inhibition of cell respiration and proliferation, which could be restored by re-expression of human cytoglobin. We also demonstrated cytoglobin expression in adventitial fibroblasts as well as vascular smooth muscle cells from various species including human and found that cytoglobin was expressed in the adventitia and media of intact rat aorta. These results indicate that cytoglobin contributes to cell-mediated NO dioxygenation and represents an important NO sink in the vascular wall.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Receptor Inhibitors, SU11248 and SU5416, Directly Inhibit the Proliferation of Cultured ER‐positive and ER‐negative Human Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

The autocrine effects of VEGF on cancer cells are poorly understood. Present study determines if VEGF and its receptor are differentially expressed in ER‐positive (MCF‐7) and ER‐negative (MDA‐MB‐231) human breast cancer cells, and if VEGF receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors, SU11248 and SU5416, directly decrease the proliferation of those human breast cancer cells. MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells were cultured using RPMI 1640 media with 10% FBS. β‐estradiol increased VEGF expression in MCF‐7 cells (1762±56 vs.1136±58 pg/mg, P<0.01) but not in MDA‐MB‐231 cells. ELISA showed that VEGF and VEGFR‐2 were more highly expressed in ER‐negative cells than ER‐positive cells (>8‐fold, P<0.01). 3H‐thymidine incorporation showed that SU11248 (10 µmol/L) caused both a 77% and 75% decrease, and SU5416 (10 µmol/L) caused both a 56% and 36% decrease in the proliferations of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells, respectively, compared to the control (P<0.01). The results indicate that VEGF and VEGFR are differentially expressed in ER‐positive and ‐negative breast cancer cells, and that SU11248 exerted a stronger effect than SU5416 on inhibiting the proliferation of both ER‐positive and negative human breast cancer cells. These findings support the hypothesis that VEGFR inhibitors, as an anti‐angiogenic therapy, also target the autocrine effects of VEGF to suppress both ER‐positive and ‐negative breast cancer progression. (HL51971 & AA013821)
Herbicidal Ionic Liquids with 2,4-D (2012)

Three herbicidal ionic liquids (HILs)—alkyldi(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, dialkyldimethylammonium (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate, and alkyltrimethylammonium (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetate—were synthesized and their activity against broad-leaved weeds was investigated under field conditions. HILs as [cation][2,4-D] used in winter wheat were much more active compared to 2,4-D-dimethylammonium salt and demonstrated efficacy similar to 2,4-D 2-ethylhexyl ester. HILs exhibited desirable surface properties such as low contact angle of droplets and low surface tension. Moreover, the HILs may be safer to operators and neighboring plants due to their nonvolatile nature. HILs at 450 g ha −1 of 2,4-D did not injure wheat.
Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub>inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases (2009)

Although the role of each PLA(2) is not yet distinct in different diseases, the development and future use of different PLA(2) inhibitors to treat human disease seems very promising.
A model for rapid thermal processing: achieving uniformity through lamp control (1991)

A first-principles approach to the modeling of a rapid thermal processing (RTP) system to obtain temperature uniformity is described. RTP systems are single wafer and typically have a bank of heating lamps which can be individually controlled. Temperature uniformity across a wafer is difficult to obtain in RTP systems. A temperature gradient exists outward from the center of the wafer due to cooling for a uniform heat flux density on the surface of the wafer from the lamps. Experiments have shown that the nonuniform temperature of a wafer in an RTP system can be counteracted by adjusting the relative power of the individual lamps, which alters the heat flux density at the wafer. The model is composed of two components. The first predicts a wafer's temperature profile given the individual lamp powers. The second determines the relative lamp power necessary to achieve uniform temperature everywhere but at the outermost edge of the wafer (cooling at the edge is always present). The model has been verified experimentally by rapid thermal chemical vapor deposition of polycrystalline silicon with a prototype LEISK RTP system. The wafer temperature profile is inferred from the poly-Si thickness. Results showed a temperature uniformity of +or-1%, an average absolute temperature variation of 5.5 degrees C, and a worst-case absolute temperature variation of 6.5 degrees C for several wafers processed at different temperatures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PHEROMONE-MEDIATED AGGREGATION IN NONSOCIAL ARTHROPODS: An Evolutionary Ecological Perspective (2004)

Although the use of aggregation pheromones has been reported for hundreds of nonsocial arthropod species, the evolutionary ecological aspects of this behavior have received little attention. Despite the elaborate literature on mechanisms, robust data on costs and benefits of aggregation pheromones are scant. Existing literature indicates that, in contrast to the diversity of mechanisms, the ecological conditions in which aggregation pheromones are used are more alike. This points to a few general categories for costs and benefits of aggregation pheromones, and these are discussed. We subsequently review interspecific interactions that may be affected by the use of aggregation pheromones. We encounter a strikingly frequent association of aggregation pheromones with fungi and microorganisms and address cross-attraction by competitor species and exploitation by natural enemies. We show that aggregative behavior by individuals through the use of pheromones can profoundly affect ecological interactions and advocate further evolutionary and ecological investigations of pheromone-mediated aggregation.
The Multiple-Touch User Interface Revolution (2009)

Because of their intuitive interaction styles, multiple-touch devices could trigger a revolution in user interfaces. But how can designers advance this technology?
Transcriptome Assembly and Profiling of <i>Candida auris</i> Reveals Novel Insights into Biofilm-Mediated Resistance (2018)

<i>Candida auris</i> has emerged as a significant global nosocomial pathogen. This is primarily due to its antifungal resistance profile but also its capacity to form adherent biofilm communities on a range of clinically important substrates. While we have a comprehensive understanding of how other <i>Candida</i> species resist and respond to antifungal challenge within the sessile phenotype, our current understanding of <i>C. auris</i> biofilm-mediated resistance is lacking. In this study, we are the first to perform transcriptomic analysis of temporally developing <i>C. auris</i> biofilms, which were shown to exhibit phase- and antifungal class-dependent resistance profiles. A <i>de novo</i> transcriptome assembly was performed, where sequenced sample reads were assembled into an ~11.5-Mb transcriptome consisting of 5,848 genes. Differential expression (DE) analysis demonstrated that 791 and 464 genes were upregulated in biofilm formation and planktonic cells, respectively, with a minimum 2-fold change. Adhesin-related glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored cell wall genes were upregulated at all time points of biofilm formation. As the biofilm developed into intermediate and mature stages, a number of genes encoding efflux pumps were upregulated, including ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters. When we assessed efflux pump activity biochemically, biofilm efflux was greater than that of planktonic cells at 12 and 24 h. When these were inhibited, fluconazole sensitivity was enhanced 4- to 16-fold. This study demonstrates the importance of efflux-mediated resistance within complex <i>C. auris</i> communities and may explain the resistance of <i>C. auris</i> to a range of antimicrobial agents within the hospital environment.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Fungal infections represent an important cause of human morbidity and mortality, particularly if the fungi adhere to and grow on both biological and inanimate surfaces as communities of cells (biofilms). Recently, a previously unrecognized yeast, <i>Candida auris</i>, has emerged globally that has led to widespread concern due to the difficulty in treating it with existing antifungal agents. Alarmingly, it is also able to grow as a biofilm that is highly resistant to antifungal agents, yet we are unclear about how it does this. Here, we used a molecular approach to investigate the genes that are important in causing the cells to be resistant within the biofilm. The work provides significant insights into the importance of efflux pumps, which actively pump out toxic antifungal drugs and therefore enhance fungal survival within a variety of harsh environments.