gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combinatorial Discovery of New Photocatalysts for Water Purification with Visible Light (2001)

Doped with up to 70 different metal salts, three semiconductor oxides (TiO2, SnO2, and WO3) formed the basis of three libraries of mixed oxides. From a high-throughput method, over 30 oxides were found to have activities similar to the well-studied Pt-doped TiO2 towards the catalyzed decomposition of a model pollutant 4-chlorophenol in water on irradiation with visible light. Two of the new materials (Ir-doped WO3 and Ce-doped SnO2) have been reproduced by conventional synthesis, and their catalytic activity was confirmed.
Improved higher order motion compensation in HEVC with block-to-block translational shift compensation (2016)

Conventionally, complex motion in video sequences is approximated by smaller block units in order to be representable by a translational motion model. This approximation results in a fine block partitioning and a high prediction error, both at cost of more data rate than potentially necessary. A worthwhile data reduction has been shown to be achievable by adding a higher order motion model to the most recent video coding standard, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). The benefit of this additional option of inter-frame prediction is due to the more accurate motion compensation as well as the usage of larger block sizes. This paper deals with more efficient encoding of higher order motion parameters in this context. The geometrically accurate prediction of higher order motion parameters from a neighbored block needs to consider the dependency of the block-to-block parameter difference based on the spatial relation between two block centers. An algorithm is introduced for correcting the translational component and reducing the difference between the actual and the predicted motion when determining higher order parameters from neighbored blocks. Additionally, a further increase of the maximum block size up to 512×512 pixels is investigated.
Enhancing MEMS design using statistical process information (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2000.
Enhancing Light Load HCCI Combustion in a Direct Injection Gasoline Engine by Fuel Reforming During Recompression (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines have the potential for high fuel efficiency and low NO<sub>x</sub> emissions. The major disadvantage of HCCI remains the narrow operating range. One way to extend the operating range of HCCI combustion to lower load is to inject part of the total fuel mass into the hot gas during recompression. With even lower engine load, part of the fuel can also be injected late in the main compression and ignited by a spark. The propagating flame further compresses the remaining fuel-air mixture until auto-ignition occurs (spark-assisted HCCI).</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study we investigated the effect of fuel reforming and spark assist in a gasoline engine with direct fuel injection and negative valve overlap. We performed experiments with different injection quantities and varying injection timings during recompression. Besides understanding the effect of reforming on engine performance, combustion stability and NO<sub>x</sub> emissions we focused on methods that can be used to help monitor and control the amount of fuel reforming in a vehicle. It was found that fuel reforming reduces NO<sub>x</sub> emissions but increases cyclic variability. Therefore the amount of fuel reforming should be closely monitored to achieve the desired trade-off between stability and emissions. The study shows that combustion phasing does not show a good correlation and should therefore not be used to monitor the amount fuel reforming. It was found, however, that PMEP shows a strong linear correlation with the fuel mass that is burned during recompression. Finally it is shown that the amount of fuel reforming can be controlled by injection timing and split ratio.</div>
Silicon photonic waveguides for different wavelength regions (2008)

In this paper, we present our work on three silicon waveguide structures that are suitable for three different wavelength regions: near-, mid- and far-infrared. Design rules for standard rib SOI waveguides are given. Both single mode and polarization independence in these waveguides are discussed. A hollow-core waveguide suitable for gas-sensing applications in the mid-infrared wavelength region is also analysed. Finally, fabrication and experimental results for free standing waveguides, which may find application in the mid- and perhaps far-infrared wavelength regions, are presented.<br/>
Nonlabile hemoglobin A1 estimated after sample preparation by ultrafiltration. (1981)

Journal Article Nonlabile hemoglobin A1 estimated after sample preparation by ultrafiltration. Get access V T Innanen, V T Innanen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar F Recknagel F Recknagel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 27, Issue 8, 1 August 1981, Pages 1478–1479, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/27.8.1478 Published: 01 August 1981
Immuno-detection of anthrose containing tetrasaccharide in the exosporium of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>and<i>Bacillus cereus</i>strains (2009)

Although not strictly specific for B. anthracis spores, antibodies against the tetrasaccharide may have potential as immuno-capturing components for a highly sensitive spore detection system.
Crystallization study on absorbable poly(p‐dioxanone) polymers by differential scanning calorimetry (2001)

An investigation was carried out on the crystallization behavior of p-dioxanone polymers using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Kinetic analyses were performed on data collected primarily during isothermal crystallization. Isothermal data were treated within the framework of the classical Avrami equation. Using this approach, both the Avrami exponent, n, and the crystallization half-time, t1/2, were evaluated and their implications are discussed for each system studied. It is shown that a small change in the polymer's composition greatly affects the crystallization kinetics, as well as the crystallizability of the materials. Additionally, nonisothermal crystallization under controlled heating and cooling rates was explored. In the case of cooling from the melt, the Ozawa theory and the recently proposed Calculus method were employed to describe the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics. In view of our results, the validity of these two estimation techniques for determining important kinetic and morphological parameters is also discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 742–759, 2001
In vivo targeting of surface-modified liposomes to metastatically growing colon carcinoma cells and sinusoidal endothelial cells in the rat liver (1997)

We prepared immunoliposomes by covalent coupling of a randomly thiolated monoclonal antibody against the rat colon adenocarcinoma cell line CC531 to MPB-PE on the outer surface of conventional as well as PEGylated liposomes of about 100-nm diameter. We attempted to target these immunoliposomes in vivo to CC531 cells growing metastatically in the liver of syngeneic rats. Only when the immunoliposomes contained PEG-DSPE, did we observe, both with fluorescent and radioactive labels, accumulation of label in many, but not all, metastatic nodules. The fluorescent label concentrated in scattered areas within the nodules. By means of transmission electronmicroscopy, using colloidal gold particles as an encapsulated morphological marker, we established that the large majority of the tumor-associated gold particles located in areas not containing tumor cells. Most of the gold was detected in cells with a macrophage morphology. We tentatively ascribe this to either tumor morphology or to the coupling procedure we applied for the preparation of the immunoliposomes, or both. The random thiolation step of the antibody molecule conceivably allows for the exposure of the Fc portion of (part of) the antibody molecules so as to permit interaction with Fc receptors on the macrophages. Experiments with immunoliposomes prepared either by coupling of the antibody specifically via its Fc portion or by using F(ab')2 fragments are in progress. The crucial condition of liposomal longevity as in the above experiments, where PEG-ylation of the immunoliposomes was necessary in order to achieve accumulation in the tumor area, by no means represents a general requirement for successful liposome targeting. We have shown that for efficient liposome targeting to a cell population which is readily accessible from the circulation, and has a high affinity for the liposomes, i.e. the hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, the presence of PEG chains may even be counter-productive.
Proton Production in the Low Voltage Arc (1934)

Further investigations with the proton source previously described have yielded considerable information about the processes involved in its operation. The tube has been redesigned with the object of obtaining large proton currents in a beam. Ions are drawn out of the arc through a hemispherical grid inserted in the cylindrical electrode. Part of the resulting converging beam passes through a hole in a second electrode which separates the arc chamber from a region maintained at a lower pressure by differential pumping. Total currents of over 0.5 milliampere at current densities of about 8.0 milliamperes per square cm were obtained on the low pressure side. The ratio of proton current to total current was as high as 98 percent with pressures in the discharge tube of 0.3 to 0.4 mm. In order to attain this percentage it was necessary to maintain certain minimum potentials on the cylinder and second electrode. At the same time the metal parts must be prevented from exceeding red heat since an adsorbed layer of hydrogen on the walls is necessary to prevent recombination of atomic hydrogen there. The proton currents obtainable are limited by the speed of the differential pumping and the degree of vacuum desired. The observed pressure ratios were improved by a factor of two when the arc was in operation owing to the increased temperature of the gas streaming through the hole.
A pulse-Doppler and FMCW radar signal processor for surveillance (2011)

A FPGA-based multi-mode radar signal processor is described. FMCW radar mode is for short range measurement and PD radar mode is for long range target detection. Pre-computed codes are calculated by Matlab, and they have been used to generate linearly modulated waveforms of both FMCW and PD radar signals. The bandwidths of FMCW and PD radar modes are 10 MHz and 1 MHz. Experiments have been carried out to confirm the system operation. In FMCW radar mode, the measured range is from 50 to 100 meters, and range resolution is enhanced by spectral centroid signal processing. In PD radar mode, the RX signals have been checked in pulse width of 4 us.
Water Supply and Sewerage (1947)

This is the second edition of a textbook covering in one volume the subjects of water supply, water purification, sewerage, sewage treatment and storm drainage. New material includes a discussion of the principles of chlorination to produce free available chlorine residuals, commonly called break-point chlorination; a summary of recent advances in water softening and corrective treatment of water to prevent corrosion of and deposits in pipes; and, in sewerage, a brief description of highrate trickling filters, which are a rather recent development. On these high-rate filters both organic and liquid loadings are several times as great as on the standard, or low-rate, filters generally used prior to 1940. The inclusion of so much material in one volume requires condensation and does not permit lengthy discussions or the presentation of illustrative problems, which are often helpful to the designer and the student. However, as a book for quick reference on good
Insect growth regulating activity of 1,5‐disubstituted imidazoles against <i>Bombyx mori</i> and <i>Oncopeltus fasciatus</i> (1992)

Abstract Seventeen 1,5‐disubstituted imidazoles possessing a variety of substituents were tested on Bombyx mori and Oncopeltus fasciatus. All compounds induced precocious metamorphosis from 4th‐instar larvae of B. mori. Of the compounds tested, 1‐benzyl‐5‐[( E )‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,5‐heptadienyl]imidazole (KK‐42) was the most active against B. mori larvae. However, none of the compounds induced precocious metamorphosis in O. fasciatus nymphs, although several showed delayed toxicity. Treated nymphs died during or immediately after the moult. A series of 1‐isobutylimidazoles exhibited high activity against O. fasciatus , whereas KK‐42 was inactive even at high doses. There was no apparent correlation between the ability of imidazoles to cause precocious metamorphosis in B. mori and the delayed toxicity for O. fasciatus .
Circular dichroism and DNA secondary structure (1979)

The change in average rotation of the DNA helix has been determined for the transfer from 0.05 M NaCl to 3.0 M CsCl, 6.2 M LiCl and 5.4 M NH4Cl. This work, combined with data at lower salt from other laboratories, allows us to relate the intensity of the CD of DNA at 275 nm directly to the change in the number of base pairs per turn. The change in secondary structure for the transfer of DNA from 0.05 M NaCl (where it is presumably in the B-form) to high salt (where the characteristic CD has been interpreted as corresponding to C-form geometry) is found to be -0.22 (+/- 0.02) base pairs per turn. In the case of mononucleosomes, where the CD indicates the "C-form", the change in secondary structure (including temperature effects) would add -0.31 (+/- 0.03) turns about the histone core to the -1.25 turns estimated from work on SV40 chromatin. Accurate winding angles and molar extinction coefficients were determined for ethidium.
Replacement of <sup>3</sup>He in constrained-volume homeland security detectors (2011)

We have developed a boron-coated straw (BCS) detector to replace a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based design for homeland security. BCS detectors are distributed inside a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) moderator, occupying the exact same volume of the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based design. The design challenge was to achieve similar neutron detection efficiency as the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He design, without increasing the overall size and weight of the assembly, while at the same time providing robust operation in the field. Prototype detectors of this design were built and tested with a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf source. The <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based detector was also tested under identical conditions for comparison. Results show that the BCS-based design has comparable response to the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He detector, and can thus be an attractive replacement detector. The high detection efficiency of the proposed design is partly due to the small diameter of the BCS, which allows for the detection medium ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B) to be efficiently dispersed throughout the moderator, dramatically increasing the probability that neutrons are captured in the detector, rather than escape, or be absorbed in the moderator itself. As a result, the BCS using distributed moderation can perform very well in sensitivity comparisons with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He gas where other technologies fall short. At the same time, the BCS offers distinct additional advantages over conventional <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He-based detectors, and alternate technologies such as <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> tubes and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B-coated rigid tubes. These include many-times faster electronic signals, no pressurization, improved gamma-ray rejection, no toxic or flammable gases, easy maintenance, and effective field use compatibility.
Equiconducting molecular electronic devices (2010)

For molecular conductors, the source-sink potential (SSP) model provides a simple tool for the calculation of the electron transmission probability. Recently, the SSP method has been combined with graph theory, and criteria have been established under which two different molecular electronic devices yield identical transmission probabilities. Since these criteria have been arrived at within the Huckel approximation, we investigate the validity of these criteria by performing combined Kohn-Sham and Green's function calculations for the transmission probability. We find that some systems, predicted to be equiconducting at the Huckel level, are approximately equiconducting at the nonempirical level while others are not. An explanation for the obtained discrepancies is proposed.
Widely tunable self-assembled quantum dot lasers (2000)

Quantum dot laser diodes with up to five well-defined electronic shells are fabricated using self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. At 77 K, we tune the lasers from the first to the fourth excited state of the QDs by varying the cavity length, this covers a wavelength range from 869 to 963 nm. At room temperature, we obtain lasing from the second to the fourth excited state covering the 938 to 984 nm wavelength range. For high injection currents, a large part of the QD ensemble contributes at once to the stimulated emission yielding a lasing emission linewidth having a full width at half maximum of 25 nm. By increasing the energy spacing between the QD energy level contributing to the lasing and the wetting layer energy levels, improved thresholds at higher temperatures are observed, leading to lasing below 100 A/cm2 at room temperature.
Investigation of an Outbreak of Scrub Typhus in the Himalayan Region of India (2005)

In Indira Gandhi Medical College, Himachal Pradesh, India, during autumn of 2003 (September-November), more than 100 cases of fever of unknown origin (FUO) were reported with 15 ensuing deaths. In addition to all routine investigations and cultures, the Weil-Felix test was incorporated for the investigation of these cases. Antigen was procured from the Central Research Institute, Kasauli. Forty-six percent (45/96) of the cases demonstrated a > or =1:80 titer of agglutinins against OXK antigen. A team from the National Institute of Communicable Diseases, New Delhi, confirmed the antibodies for scrub typhus in some of the serum samples tested for leptospirosis, dengue fever, and rickettsial infections. Twelve blood samples positive for OXK antigen were sent to the Defense Research Development Establishment, Gwalior, for polymerase chain reaction studies, but none of the samples were positive, as all of the patients were already on broad-spectrum antibiotics and had reported to our hospital after 7-10 days of fever. At our institute, the Weil-Felix test has now been rountinely introduced for the investigation of cases of FUO, and the results until April 2004 (150 cases) revealed the presence of other rickettsial infections prevalent in the region. To evaluate the epidemiology and magnitude of the problem, further prospective studies are required.
A new paradigm for managing shareholder value (2004)

In this research report, we discuss the challenge of measuring enterprise value due to the treatment of intangible assets. We also introduce a new methodology for managing shareholder value, one that manages all components of valuation by managing all of the company's resources.
An evaluation of open source surface reconstruction software for robotic applications (2013)

With the raising popularity of 3D sensors in robotic applications, e.g., RGB-D cameras or laser scanners, the demand for fast and reliable methods for surface reconstruction from 3D point clouds increases. Currently, several freely available implementations of such algorithms exist. This paper presents an evaluation of the usability of different open source software packages for polygonal map generation in robotic contexts.
Pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2021)

Pneumomediastinum is a possible complication of COVID-Acute respiratory distress syndrome which could signify the disease severity and vice versa. Furthermore, it could be an indicator of relatively poor prognosis and therefore requires larger studies to establish the association.
Evaluation of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH2</i> promoter for protein synthesis (2005)

The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ADH2 promoter (P(ADH2)) is repressed several hundred-fold in the presence of glucose; transcription is initiated once the glucose in the medium is exhausted. The promoter can thus be utilized for effective regulation of recombinant gene expression in S. cerevisiae without the addition of an inducer. To evaluate this promoter in the absence of plasmid copy number and stability variations, the P(ADH2)-lacZ cassette was integrated into the yeast chromosomes. The effects of medium composition, glucose concentration and cultivation time on promoter derepression and expression level were investigated. Maximum protein activity was obtained after 48 h of growth in complex YPD medium containing 1% glucose. The widely used S. cerevisiae GAL1 and CUP1 promoters both require the addition of an inducer [galactose and copper(II) ion, respectively] before regulated genes will be expressed. The strengths of these three different promoters were compared for cells containing one copy of an integrated lacZ gene under their control. The ADH2 promoter was superior for all induction strategies investigated.
Focus-group data (2004)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
The bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib (<scp>PCI</scp>‐32765) blocks hairy cell leukaemia survival, proliferation and <scp>B</scp> cell receptor signalling: a new therapeutic approach (2014)

B cell receptor (BCR) signalling plays a critical role in the progression of several B-cell malignancies, but its role in hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is ambiguous. Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK), a key player in BCR signalling, as well as B cell migration and adhesion, can be targeted with ibrutinib, a selective, irreversible BTK inhibitor. We analysed BTK expression and function in HCL and analysed the effects of ibrutinib on HCL cells. We demonstrated uniform BTK protein expression in HCL cells. Ibrutinib significantly inhibited HCL proliferation and cell cycle progression. Accordingly, ibrutinib also reduced HCL cell survival after BCR triggering with anti-immunoglobulins and abrogated the activation of kinases downstream of the BCR (PI3K and MAPK). Ibrutinib also inhibited BCR-dependent secretion of the chemokines CCL3 and CCL4 by HCL cells. Interestingly, ibrutinib inhibited also CXCL12-induced signalling, a key pathway for bone marrow homing. Collectively, our data support the clinical development of ibrutinib in patients with HCL.