gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of perphenazine on imipramine metabolism in man. (1975)

In previous studies we have shown that perphenazine inhibits the metabolism of nortriptyline and imipramine. In this study the metabolism of 14C-imipramine and 14C-desipramine was studied before and during treatment with perphenazine. Studies on the imipramine and desipramine metabolites in urine showed that the major effect of perphenazine is an inhibition of the 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine. This causes a decreased formation and excretion of non-conjugated and glucuronide bound hydroxy metabolites and accumulation of imipramine and desipramine. There was some relationship between the dose of perphenazine and the decrease in total urinary excretion but the individual variations in response were pronounced (2-3-fold).
Neuronal degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction (2003)

Parkinson disease (PD); familial Parkinson disease (FPD); Alzheimer disease (AD); familial Alzheimer disease (FAD); amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS); sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (SALS); oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS); reactive oxygen species (ROS); mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA); ribosomal RNA (rRNA); transfer RNA (tRNA); nuclear DNA (nDNA); inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM); intermembrane space (IMS); mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and strokelike episodes (MELAS); myoclonus epilepsy with ragged-red fibers (MERRF); ragged-red fiber (RRF); Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS); progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO); cytochrome c oxidase (CCO); Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON); Leigh syndrome (LS); Friedreich ataxia (FRDA); mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD); Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD); β-amyloid peptide (Aβ); progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
Metallothionein Induction Reduces Caspase‐3 Activity and Tnfα Levels with Preservation of Cognitive Function and Intact Hippocampal Neurons in Carmustine‐Treated Rats (2009)

Hippocampal integrity is essential for cognitive functions. On the other hand, induction of metallothionein (MT) by ZnSO(4) and its role in neuroprotection has been documented. The present study aimed to explore the effect of MT induction on carmustine (BCNU)-induced hippocampal cognitive dysfunction in rats. A total of 60 male Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into four groups (15/group): The control group injected with single doses of normal saline (i.c.v) followed 24 h later by BCNU solvent (i.v). The second group administered ZnSO(4) (0.1 micromol/10 microl normal saline, i.c.v, once) then BCNU solvent (i.v) after 24 h. Third group received BCNU (20 mg/kg, i.v, once) 24 h after injection with normal saline (i.c.v). Fourth group received a single dose of ZnSO(4) (0.1 micromol/10 microl normal saline, i.c.v) then BCNU (20 mg/kg, i.v, once) after 24 h. The obtained data revealed that BCNU administration resulted in deterioration of learning and short-term memory (STM), as measured by using radial arm water maze, accompanied with decreased hippocampal glutathione reductase (GR) activity and reduced glutathione (GSH) content. Also, BCNU administration increased serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha), hippocampal MT and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents as well as caspase-3 activity in addition to histological alterations. ZnSO(4) pretreatment counteracted BCNU-induced inhibition of GR and depletion of GSH and resulted in significant reduction in the levels of MDA and TNFalpha as well as the activity of caspase-3. The histological features were improved in hippocampus of rats treated with ZnSO(4) + BCNU compared to only BCNU-treated animals. In conclusion, MT induction halts BCNU-induced hippocampal toxicity as it prevented GR inhibition and GSH depletion and counteracted the increased levels of TNFalpha, MDA and caspase-3 activity with subsequent preservation of cognition.
A nuclear translation-like factor eIF4AIII is recruited to the mRNA during splicing and functions in nonsense-mediated decay (2004)

In eukaryotes, a surveillance mechanism known as nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) degrades the mRNA when a premature-termination codon (PTC) is present. NMD requires translation to read the frame of the mRNA and detect the PTC. During pre-mRNA splicing, the exon-exon junction complex (EJC) is recruited to a region 20-24 nt upstream of the exon junction on the mature mRNA. The presence of a PTC upstream from the EJC elicits NMD. Eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) III is a nuclear protein that interacts physically or functionally with translation initiation factors eIF4G and eIF4B, respectively, and shares strikingly high identity with the initiation factors eIF4AI/II. Here we show that siRNA against eIF4AIII, but not against eIF4AI/II, inhibits NMD. Moreover, eIF4AIII, but not eIF4AI, is specifically recruited to the EJC during splicing. The observations that eIF4AIII is loaded onto the mRNA during splicing in the nucleus, has properties related to a translation initiation factor, and functions in NMD raises the possibility that eIF4AIII substitutes for eIF4AI/II during NMD.
Circularly polarised microstrip antenna array usingproximity coupled feed (1998)

A 2 × 2 circularly polarised (CP) microstrip antenna array using a proximity coupled feed and sequential rotation is described. As compared with a previously presented single-element circularly polarised microstrip antenna with a cross-slot, the new array achieves a much wider impedance bandwidth of 11.18% and has an axial ratio bandwidth of 4.1%. The return loss, radiation patterns and axial ratio of the antenna array were measured and are presented.
Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases (2014)

We consider learning representations of entities and relations in KBs using the neural-embedding approach. We show that most existing models, including NTN (Socher et al., 2013) and TransE (Bordes et al., 2013b), can be generalized under a unified learning framework, where entities are low-dimensional vectors learned from a neural network and relations are bilinear and/or linear mapping functions. Under this framework, we compare a variety of embedding models on the link prediction task. We show that a simple bilinear formulation achieves new state-of-the-art results for the task (achieving a top-10 accuracy of 73.2% vs. 54.7% by TransE on Freebase). Furthermore, we introduce a novel approach that utilizes the learned relation embeddings to mine logical rules such as BornInCity(a,b) and CityInCountry(b,c) => Nationality(a,c). We find that embeddings learned from the bilinear objective are particularly good at capturing relational semantics and that the composition of relations is characterized by matrix multiplication. More interestingly, we demonstrate that our embedding-based rule extraction approach successfully outperforms a state-of-the-art confidence-based rule mining approach in mining Horn rules that involve compositional reasoning.
Synthesis of polycondensable anthraquinone dyes and coloured nylon fibres: III (1997)

A series of 1,5-diaryl- and 1,8-diaryl-substituted anthraquinone dyes, which contain −COOH or −NH2 groups, were prepared. The aryl-substituted anthraquinone dyes possess excellent thermostability and will keep their original colour in polycondensation with caprolactam at 260–280°C. With different aryl substituents the anthraquinone dyes exhibit different colours and can be used to prepare a series of coloured nylon-6 fibres. ©1997 SCI
Vascularization in Bone Tissue Engineering: Physiology, Current Strategies, Major Hurdles and Future Challenges (2009)

The lack of a functional vascular supply has, to a large extent, hampered the whole range of clinical applications of 'successful' laboratory-based bone tissue engineering strategies. To the present, grafts have been dependent on post-implant vascularization, which jeopardizes graft integration and often leads to its failure. For this reason, the development of strategies that could effectively induce the establishment of a microcirculation in the engineered constructs has become a major goal for the tissue engineering research community. This review addresses the role and importance of the development of a vascular network in bone tissue engineering and provides an overview of the most up to date research efforts to develop such a network.
Liver Segmentation Based on Snakes Model and Improved GrowCut Algorithm in Abdominal CT Image (2013)

A novel method based on Snakes Model and GrowCut algorithm is proposed to segment liver region in abdominal CT images. First, according to the traditional GrowCut method, a pretreatment process using K-means algorithm is conducted to reduce the running time. Then, the segmentation result of our improved GrowCut approach is used as an initial contour for the future precise segmentation based on Snakes model. At last, several experiments are carried out to demonstrate the performance of our proposed approach and some comparisons are conducted between the traditional GrowCut algorithm. Experimental results show that the improved approach not only has a better robustness and precision but also is more efficient than the traditional GrowCut method.
Estimated economic load dispatch based on real operation logbook (2016)

The economic load dispatch (ELD) problem of electric power systems has been solved by many techniques including traditional and modern optimization algorithms. The main problem of achieving this task is that all precise specifications of the generating units are required. Also, in practice, many power systems are operated without considering the ELD strategy due to the lack of experience to deal with this part, which is embedded as a package in the energy management system (EMS), and/or the difficulty of constructing precise constrained objective functions matched with the real generating units. Based on a fact that most power systems maintain their daily records, the estimated economic load dispatch (EELD) can be determined using these recorded datasheets. This novel method can be applied without using any special software, and it is an optimization free technique. Moreover, this technique does not require to determine any parameter nor constraint on the generating units, and all candidate solutions are practical and feasible. The proposed method is tested with a real power system data and it shows encouraging results.
Gastric emptying of a solid-liquid meal measured with 13C octanoic acid breath test and real-time ultrasonography: a comparative study (2000)

Our results show that OBT overestimates gastric emptying parameters of a solid-liquid meal in comparison with RUS. However, both techniques give data in good correlation. Because OBT is less operator-dependent than RUS, it may be useful in comparative gastric emptying studies.
Alkali Gelatinization of Starches (1983)

Abstract Grain starches, chemically or genetically modified grain starches, tuber starches, and some from other botanical sources were treated at room temperature in media containing a constant amount of water and sodiumhydroxide. Appearances and viscosities of the mixtures were noted during a 7‐day quiescent period. The point of complete gelatinization of the starch was deducible from the viscosity changes, as well as from visual observations. Although there were some noticeable differences between the starches, an NaOH to starch ratio of 3.5 to 3.8 meq/g should assure complete gelatinization within several hours or less. This alkali: starch ratio is compared to previous ratios expressed in the literature. A slight dependency of the ratio upon the starch concentration is indicated. The birefringence endpoint temperature ranges of the starches were determined, and other implications from the experiments with the 21 materials are discussed.
Purified Human Bone Marrow Multipotent Mesenchymal Stem Cells Regenerate Infarcted Myocardium in Experimental Rats (2005)

Recent findings suggest the feasibility of cardiac repair by transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs). However, it remains controversial regarding which cell type is the best source for transplanting into the ischemic heart because of lack of well-defined cell markers. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel multipotent marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) from human bone marrow. Pluripotent markers (Oct4, Bmi1, and Abcg2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence in MMSCs. Myocardial differentiation was induced in the expanded MMSC cultures by treatment with 5-azacyline. Expressions of VEGF in the animals transplanted with MMSCs were markedly increased in comparison with the animals injected with fibroblasts or saline at both mRNA and protein levels. VEGF expression was observed in both transplanted MMSCs and recipient cardiomyocytes by immunofluorescence. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy revealed the specific markers for cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in transplanted MMSCs 14 days after transplantation. Vessel count was increased and left ventricular function improved post-MMSC transplantation. These results indicate that transplantation of purified MMSCs from human bone marrow upregulated VEGF expression, enhanced angiogenesis, and improved the functional recovery following myocardial infarction in rats.
Near-Optimal Contraction of Voronoi Regions for Pruning of Blind Decoding Results (2015)

In Long-Term Evolution (LTE) downlink control channel, a large number of blind decoding attempts are made, while the number of valid codewords is limited. The blind decoding results are then verified using a 16-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC). However, even with the 16-bit CRC, the false alarm (FA) rate of such blind decoding is inevitably high. This paper investigates the problem of pruning of blind decoding results for reduction of the FA rate. To the best of our knowledge, the approach using a soft correlation metric (SCM) shows the best FA reduction performance among existing schemes. However, following the Bayes principle, we propose novel likelihood-based pruning that provides systematic balancing between the FA rate and the miss (MS) rate. Moreover, the simulation results show that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) gain of our proposed scheme is unbounded, with respect to the SCM-based scheme, in the independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channel. Moreover, the proposed scheme is shown to be less complex than the existing scheme. Finally, it is proved that, as SNR increases, the proposed approach has the decision error probability that approaches the minimum value yielding near-optimal contraction of Voronoi regions for pruning of blind decoding results.
A discrepancy between clinical course and magnetic resonance imaging in a case of non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (2013)

We report the case of a 64-year old man who presented memory disturbance, low-grade fever, weight loss, and bilateral hand tremors for three months. He was diagnosed with non-herpetic acute limbic encephalitis (NHALE). Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed new lesions after symptomatic improvement following steroid pulse therapy. This may indicate that there is a time lag between the disturbance or recovery of neurons and astrocytes. Thus, other lesions might occasionally appear during convalescence in patients with NHALE, even if only minimal lesions were found on the initial MRI.
beta-Endorphin enhances lymphocyte proliferative responses. (1982)

The opioid peptides alpha- and beta-endorphin and [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalin were investigated for their effect on the proliferation of resting and activated rat splenic lymphocytes in vitro. beta-Endorphin enhanced the proliferative response of spleen cells to the T cell mitogens concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. The effect of beta-endorphin was dose dependent and occurred at peptide concentrations similar to those found in rat plasma. alpha-Endorphin and [D-Ala2, Met5]enkephalin did not affect the proliferative responses to any mitogen tested. Furthermore, the potentiating effect of beta-endorphin was not reversed by treatment with 10 microM naloxone. None of the peptides had any effect on resting, unstimulated spleen cells or on the response to a mixture of lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate, which is specifically mitogenic for B lymphocytes. The pharmacological properties of the beta-endorphin potentiation indicate that the effect may be mediated by a nonopiate but beta-endorphin-specific mechanism. These results suggest a possible role for peripheral beta-endorphin and may provide a link between stress and disease susceptibility.
Learning to Fuse Disparate Sentences (2011)

We present a system for fusing sentences which are drawn from the same source document but have different content. Unlike previous work, our approach is supervised, training on real-world examples of sentences fused by professional journalists in the process of editing news articles. Like Filippova and Strube (2008), our system merges dependency graphs using Integer Linear Programming. However, instead of aligning the inputs as a preprocess, we integrate the tasks of finding an alignment and selecting a merged sentence into a joint optimization problem, and learn parameters for this optimization using a structured online algorithm. Evaluation by human judges shows that our technique produces fused sentences that are both informative and readable.
Lead-Sulfide Photoconductive Cells for Sound Reproduction<!--<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1-10.5594_J11798">*</xref>--> (1947)

Lead-sulfide photoconductive cells developed during the war at Northwestern University show considerable promise in sound reproduction. These cells, in contrast with cesium-oxide phototubes used in present systems, exhibit a much higher signal-to-noise output and a lower impedance. The cell noise is not increased in the presence of background radiation. The frequency response is excellent and the sensitive surface is undamaged by high-light levels. As a result of the high infrared sensitivity of these cells, an indirectly heated exciter lamp has been developed which operates with an ordinary 60-cycle filament transformer. Radio-frequency or direct-current heating of exciter lamps is thus not required.
P3H-3 Parametric Beamformer for Synthetic Aperture Ultrasound Imaging (2006)

In this paper a parametric beamformer, which can handle all imaging modalities including synthetic aperture imaging, is presented. The image lines and apodization coefficients are specified parametrically, and the lines can have arbitrary orientation and starting point in 3D coordinates. The beamformer consists of a number of identical beamforming blocks, each processing data from several channels and producing part of the image. A number of these blocks can be accommodated in a modern field-programmable gate array device (FPGA), and a whole synthetic aperture system can be implemented using several FPGAs. For the current implementation, the input data is sampled at 4 times the center frequency of the excitation pulse and is match-filtered in the frequency domain. In-phase and quadrature data are beamformed with a sub-sample precision of the focusing delays of l/16th of the sampling period. Each line is completely specified by 3 input parameters. The focusing delays are calculated iteratively in a 8-stage deep pipeline, and focusing information for 8 different lines is interleaved to produce delays at every clock cycle. The apodization is specified using piecewise linear approximation with 255 levels. A beamforming block uses input data from 4 elements and produces a set of 10 lines. Linear interpolation is used to implement sub-sample delays. The VHDL code for the beamformer has been synthesized for a Xilinx V4FX100 speed grade 11 FPGA, where it can operate at a maximum clock frequency of 167.8 MHz. Each beamformation block requires 12 multipliers, 5 buffers for parameters, 8 buffers for input data and 32 buffers for output data (I and Q). Furthermore double-buffering is used for the input data, thus simplifying the synchronization. Up to six beamforming blocks can fit in one FPGA. Clocked at 150 MHz they produce 900 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> I and Q samples/second. Assuming a pulse repetition frequency of 5000 Hz, these blocks can be configured to beamform in real time 256 B-mode lines of synthetic aperture data from 4 transducer elements, or 64 lines from 16 elements
Regulators of G-Protein signaling RGS10 and RGS17 regulate chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells (2010)

Taken together, our data suggest that chemotherapy exposure triggers loss of RGS10 and RGS17 expression in ovarian cancer cells, and that loss of expression contributes to the development of chemoresistance, possibly through amplification of endogenous AKT signals. Our results establish RGS10 and RGS17 as novel regulators of cell survival and chemoresistance in ovarian cancer cells and suggest that their reduced expression may be diagnostic of chemoresistance.
Prevention of Staphylococcal Biofilm-associated Infections by the Quorum Sensing Inhibitor RIP (2005)

Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis associated with implantable medical devices, are often difficult to treat with conventional antimicrobials. Formation of a biofilm and subsequent production of toxins are two distinct mechanisms considered important in foreign body infections. Staphylococcal virulence is caused by a complex regulatory process, which involves cell-to-cell communication through the release and response to chemical signals in a process known as quorum sensing. We explored the possibility of preventing infections by interfering with biofilm formation and toxin production using the quorum sensing inhibitor ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide. In our studies ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide prevented graft-associated infections caused by all species of staphylococci tested so far, including methicillin resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis. Ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide also enhances the effects of antibiotics and cationic peptides in the clearance of normally recalcitrant biofilm infections. Ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide is nontoxic, highly stable, and no resistant strains have been found so far, suggesting that ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide may be used to coat medical devices or used systemically to prevent infections. When the target of ribonucleic-acid-III activating protein activity is disrupted, biofilm formation is reduced under flow and static conditions and genes important for toxin production or biofilm formation are down-regulated. These in vitro data help explain why ribonucleic-acid-III-inhibiting peptide seems to be effective in preventing staphylococcal infections.
<title>Resolution advantages of quadratic signal processing</title> (1991)

In this paper, we show how quadratic time-frequency representations are a generalization of the spectrogram and we review our results for time-frequency analysis and display of chirps and speech. We then show comparative performance on phase-shifted keyed communication signals. The concept of quadratic filtering is then introduced and linked to Teager's energy detector and the resolution advantages over linear filtering are demonstrated.
Towards modeling the behavior of static code analysis tools (2014)

This paper presents preliminary results of an independent study to assess the performance of a static code analysis (SCA) tool's ability to detect and identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities in source code. The goal of the study is to model the behavior of static code analysis tools, and predict what SCA tool, or set of SCA tools, should be applied against a given source code to identify weaknesses and vulnerabilities.