gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase for treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (1997)

Aminoguanidine (AG), a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, prevented the clinical development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) with a reduction in inflammation and demyelination. Administration of AG reduced the expression of nitrosotyrosine in inflammatory lesions in the central nervous system. Cytokine expression, determined by semiquantitative PCR, revealed increased expression of IFN-gamma, IL-10, and TGF-beta, which was associated with protection from EAE, and reduced TNF-alpha, associated with the development of EAE. Furthermore, AG blocked the secretion of nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, and PGE2 in astrocyte cultures. AG did not influence the proliferation response of T cells to a pathogenic epitope of myelin basic protein. Down-regulation of nitric oxide by AG has widespread consequences for cytokine production in central nervous system inflammation and prevents EAE.
Learning Nonlinear Predictive Models for Lossless Image Compression (1998)

We describe a genetic programming system which learns nonlinear predictive models for lossless image compression.
Structural Analysis of the Glycosylated Intact HIV-1 gp120–b12 Antibody Complex Using Hydroxyl Radical Protein Footprinting (2017)

Glycoprotein gp120 is a surface antigen and virulence factor of human immunodeficiency virus 1. Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) that react to gp120 from a variety of HIV isolates offer hope for the development of broadly effective immunogens for vaccination purposes, if the interactions between gp120 and bNAbs can be understood. From a structural perspective, gp120 is a particularly difficult system because of its size, the presence of multiple flexible regions, and the large amount of glycosylation, all of which are important in gp120-bNAb interactions. Here, the interaction of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with bNAb b12 is probed using high-resolution hydroxyl radical protein footprinting (HR-HRPF) by fast photochemical oxidation of proteins. HR-HRPF allows for the measurement of changes in the average solvent accessible surface area of multiple amino acids without the need for measures that might alter the protein conformation, such as mutagenesis. HR-HRPF of the gp120-b12 complex coupled with computational modeling shows a novel extensive interaction of the V1/V2 domain, probably with the light chain of b12. Our data also reveal HR-HRPF protection in the C3 domain caused by interaction of the N330 glycan with the b12 light chain. In addition to providing information about the interactions of full-length, glycosylated gp120 with b12, this work serves as a template for the structural interrogation of full-length glycosylated gp120 with other bNAbs to better characterize the interactions that drive the broad specificity of the bNAb.
Language GANs Falling Short (2018)

Generating high-quality text with sufficient diversity is essential for a wide range of Natural Language Generation (NLG) tasks. Maximum-Likelihood (MLE) models trained with teacher forcing have consistently been reported as weak baselines, where poor performance is attributed to exposure bias (Bengio et al., 2015; Ranzato et al., 2015); at inference time, the model is fed its own prediction instead of a ground-truth token, which can lead to accumulating errors and poor samples. This line of reasoning has led to an outbreak of adversarial based approaches for NLG, on the account that GANs do not suffer from exposure bias. In this work, we make several surprising observations which contradict common beliefs. First, we revisit the canonical evaluation framework for NLG, and point out fundamental flaws with quality-only evaluation: we show that one can outperform such metrics using a simple, well-known temperature parameter to artificially reduce the entropy of the model's conditional distributions. Second, we leverage the control over the quality / diversity trade-off given by this parameter to evaluate models over the whole quality-diversity spectrum and find MLE models constantly outperform the proposed GAN variants over the whole quality-diversity space. Our results have several implications: 1) The impact of exposure bias on sample quality is less severe than previously thought, 2) temperature tuning provides a better quality / diversity trade-off than adversarial training while being easier to train, easier to cross-validate, and less computationally expensive. Code to reproduce the experiments is available at github.com/pclucas14/GansFallingShort
G protein ??3 subunit 825T allele is associated with depression in young, healthy subjects (2003)

This study investigated the relationship between the G protein beta3 subunit 825T allele and depression in young, healthy subjects. 825T and 825C allele carriers were characterized among 190 healthy medical students. State depression was assessed by the Becks Depression Inventory, supplemented by subscales of the Freiburg Personality Inventory, and Questionnaire for Measuring Factors of Aggression which assess trait depression. Depression of homo- and heterozygous 825T allele carriers was compared to 825C allele carriers via multi-level statistical analysis. 825T allele carriers displayed higher levels of depression, as measured by each questionnaire. Regression analysis demonstrated that allele type was the single predictor of depression. The predictive capacity of the 825T allele in depression was further supported by odds-ratio analysis. We conclude that the G protein beta3 subunit 825T allele is predictive of depressive mood in a young, healthy population.
Comparison of Q-estimation methods: an update (2013)

In this article, three methods of Q estimation are compared: a complex spectral ratio method, the centroid frequency-shift method, and a time-domain match-filter method. Their performance for Q estimation is evaluated using synthetic data and real data in terms of accuracy and robustness to noise. Testing results shows that the complex spectral-ratio method, with phase information employed, can obtain improved estimation results. The centroid frequency-shift method is robust to noise and gives stable estimations, while the accuracy of estimated result is subject to the frequency band used to estimate centroid frequency and variance. The match-filter method is robust to noise and can give accurate estimation result for both VSP data and reflection data.
Intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity of Si/Ge and GaAs/AlAs superlattices (2008)

We present a theory of the intrinsic lattice thermal conductivity in Si/Ge-based and GaAs/AlAs quantum well superlattices using an exact iterative solution of the inelastic phonon Boltzmann equation. An adiabatic bond charge model is employed to accurately represent the phonon dispersions and the empirical anharmonic force constants are introduced yielding the measured values for bulk thermal conductivities. We show that the kinematic constraints of the superlattice decrease the phonon-phonon scattering, resulting in higher intrinsic lattice thermal conductivities than those calculated from constant relaxation-time approximations and simple model phonon dispersions. The role of mini-umklapp processes, produced as a result of zone-folding in superlattices, is also addressed. Finally, we find larger calculated intrinsic lattice thermal conductivities of GaAs/AlAs superlattices than those predicted from a relaxation-time approach, implying that interface scattering plays a more important role than previously documented. These findings are consistent with experimental measurements for short-period GaAs/AlAs structures.
The Chemistry and Manufacture of Cosmetics (1942)

The title of this book is dealt with so extensively and from so many different angles that the reviewer is tempted simply to reproduce a quotation in the foreword: " 'Tis better that a man's own works, than another man's words should praise him." A listing of the chapter headings would serve to indicate the vast number of subjects and the phases of the cosmetic industry which are dealt with. The usual information that one would expect to find, such as the chemical nature of various cosmetics, as well as a practical discussion of the factors that enter into their formulation, is detailed. In addition one finds such material as metrology and alligation, a section dealing with equipment for a small cosmetic manufactory, even including a discussion of fire fighting, summaries of inorganic, organic and colloidal chemistry and a consideration of preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, absorption bases, wetting agents and other classes
Characterization of cDNA for PMT: a Partial Nicotine Biosynthesis-Related Gene Isolated from Indonesian Local Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Sindoro1) (2013)

Nicotine is the major alkaloid compound in cultivated tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) that could potentially be converted into carcinogenic compound (nor-nicotine). The PMT gene encoding putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) is one of the two key genes that play a prominent role in nicotine biosynthesis. The aimed of this study was to isolate and characterize the cDNA sequence originated from Indonesian local tobacco cv. Sindoro1 (Ntpmt_Sindoro1). The results showed that the Ntpmt_Sindoro1 was 1124 bp in length. This cDNA fragment encodes for 374 amino acid residues. The predicted polypeptide from the cDNA is a hidrophilic protein, and has a predicted molecular weight of 40.95 kDa. The predicted amino acids sequence also showed high similarity to the PMT gene product Nicotiana sp. available in the GenBank data base. The amino acid sequences also exert conserved residues specifically exhibited only by PMT gene originated from N. tabacum. Clustering analysis revealed that Ntpmt_Sindoro1 belongs to the same clade as the PMT3 gene, a member of the N. tabacum PMT gene family. The Ntpmt_Sindoro1 cDNA sequence covering exon1-exon8 of the PMT gene fragment has been registered in the GenBank data base, under the accession number JX978277.
The Power Qualities of Wind Turbines (2000)

The power quality of wind turbines is dealt with in this dissertation. The thesis consists of four parts. The first part describes the electrical systems used in wind turbines. The second part presents the results of measurements of different types of wind turbines connected to different types of grids. The measurements include voltage and frequency variations, flicker, transients and harmonics. The third part deals with future standards for measuring and testing wind turbine power quality. In the last part, regulatory requirements concerning the power quality of wind turbines are discussed. Special emphasis has been given to flicker and flicker calculations according to new recommendations for the grid connection of wind turbines. The operation of wind turbines has an impact on the power quality of the connected grid. Depending on the grid configuration and the type of wind turbine used, different power quality problems may arise. All wind turbines have an uneven power production following the natural variations of the wind. If the wind turbine is operating at fixed-speed, the tower shadow and wind speed gradients will result in fluctuating power. The power fluctuations caused by the turbine may cause flicker disturbances. In order to evaluate the significance of flicker, measurements and subsequent flicker calculations must be performed. In the case of variable-speed wind turbines, one drawback is the injection of harmonic currents into the grid. Depending on the type of inverter used, different orders of harmonics are produced. The new recommendations provide tools for predicting the interaction between wind turbines and the grid. Wind turbines which, in combination with the grid, are likely to cause power quality problems can at an early stage of planning be rejected and replaced by a more proper type of wind turbine.
Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor Structures for Reliable Measurement of Low Contact Resistances and Contact Interface Characterization (2009)

The parasitic factors that strongly influence the measurement accuracy of Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor (CBKR) structures for low specific contact resistances (¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) have been extensively discussed during last few decades and the minimum of the ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> value, which could be accurately extracted, was estimated. We fabricated a set of various metal-to-metal CBKR structures with different geometries, i.e., shapes and dimensions, to confirm this limit experimentally and to create a method for contact metal-to-metal interface characterization. As a result, a model was developed to account for the actual current flow and a method for reliable ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> extraction was created. This method allowed to characterize metal-to-metal contact interface. It was found that in the case of ideal metal-to-metal contacts, the measured CBKR contact resistance was determined by the dimensions of the two-metal stack in the area of contact and sheet resistances of the metals used.
Structure of Wage Inequality in India: Decomposition of Gini Index with 61st Round Household Survey Data (2011)

Wage differentials present among various groups and various sectors of the economy. The primary motivation of this paper is to investigate the structure of wage inequality and employment in India with 61st round (2004–05) household survey unit level data on employment and unemployment conducted by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). The study accounts comprehensively different dimensions of wage inequality as observed in the Indian labour market by using Gini inequality index. In analysing the structure of wage inequality we have considered three major sectors, the public sector, private formal sector and informal sector. Wage inequality in the private formal sector is higher than the inequality even in the informal sector. The wage differentials in India are higher in rural as compared to urban areas, and are higher among women than among men workers. The wage gap by gender is the highest in the public sector. Simple decompositions of wage inequality by sectors reveal that the significant part of wage inequality is accounted for by inequality among individuals between rather than within sectors for every type of working people. By estimating wage regression model it is observed that education explains more the expected wage and wage differences in the Indian labour market.
A Novel Overactuated Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Modeling, Control, and Experimental Validation (2014)

Standard quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) possess a limited mobility because of their inherent underactuation, that is, availability of four independent control inputs (the four propeller spinning velocities) versus the 6 degrees of freedom parameterizing the quadrotor position/orientation in space. Thus, the quadrotor pose cannot track arbitrary trajectories in space (e.g., it can hover on the spot only when horizontal). Because UAVs are more and more employed as service robots for interaction with the environment, this loss of mobility due to their underactuation can constitute a limiting factor. In this paper, we present a novel design for a quadrotor UAV with tilting propellers which is able to overcome these limitations. Indeed, the additional set of four control inputs actuating the propeller tilting angles is shown to yield full actuation to the quadrotor position/orientation in space, thus allowing it to behave as a fully actuated flying vehicle. We then develop a comprehensive modeling and control framework for the proposed quadrotor, and subsequently illustrate the hardware and software specifications of an experimental prototype. Finally, the results of several simulations and real experiments are reported to illustrate the capabilities of the proposed novel UAV design.
Identification of target antigens of anti-endothelial cell and anti-vascular smooth muscle cell antibodies in patients with giant cell arteritis: a proteomic approach (2011)

IgG antibodies to proteins in the proteome of ECs and VSMCs are present in the sera of GCA patients and recognise cellular targets that play key roles in cell biology and maintenance of homeostasis. Their potential pathogenic role remains to be determined.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Selection of Microbiota Surviving under Dental Restorations (2005)

The effects of sealing infected carious dentine below dental restorations on the phenotypic and genotypic diversity of the surviving microbiota was investigated. It was hypothesized that the microbiota would be subject to nutrient limitation or nutrient simplification, as it would no longer have access to dietary components or salivary secretion for growth. The available nutrients would be limited primarily to serum proteins passing from the pulp through the patent dentinal tubules to the infected dentine. Ten lesions were treated, and infected dentine was sealed below dental restorations for approximately 5 months. Duplicate standardized samples of infected dentine were taken at baseline and after the removal of the restorations. The baseline microbiota were composed primarily of Lactobacillus spp., Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Actinomyces israelii, and Actinomyces gerencseriae. None of these taxa were isolated among the microbiota of the dentine samples taken after 5 months, which consisted of only Actinomyces naeslundii, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus mitis. The microbiota of the final sample exhibited a significantly (P < 0.001) increased ability to produce glycosidic enzymes (sialidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and beta-galactosidase), which liberate sugars from glycoproteins. The genotypic diversity of S. oralis and A. naeslundii was significantly (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively) reduced in the final samples. There was significantly (P < 0.001) greater genotypic diversity within these taxa between the pairs of dentine samples taken at baseline than was found in the 5-month samples, indicating that the dentine was more homogenous than it was at baseline. We propose that during the interval between placement of the restorations and their removal, the available nutrient, primarily serum proteins, or the relative simplicity and homogeneity of the nutrient supply significantly affected the surviving microbiota. The surviving microbiota was less complex, based on compositional, phenotypic, and genotypic analyses, than that isolated from carious lesions which were also exposed to salivary secretions and pH perturbations.
Neurosteroids in the Hippocampus: Neuronal Plasticity and Memory (1997)

The hippocampus, which is critically involved in learning and memory processes, is known to be a target for the neuromodulatory actions of steroid hormones produced by the adrenal glands and gonads. Much of the work of B.S. McEwen and collaborators has focused on the role of glucocorticosteroids and estrogen in modulating hippocampal plasticity and functions. In addition to hormones derived from the endocrine glands, cells in the hippocampus may be exposed to locally synthesized neurosteroids, including pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and their sulfated esters as well as progesterone and its reduced metabolites. In contrast to hormones derived from the circulation, neurosteroids have paracrine and/or autocrine activities. In the hippocampus, they have been shown to have trophic effects on neurons and glial cells and to modulate the activity of a variety of neurotransmitter receptors and ion channels, including type A gamma-aminobutyric acid, N-methyl-D-aspartate and sigma receptors and N- and L-type Ca2+ channels. There is accumulating evidence that some neurosteroids, in particular pregnenolone sulfate, have strong influences on learning and memory processes, most likely by regulating neurotransmission in the hippocampus. However, the hippocampus is not the only target for the mnesic effects of neurosteroids. Associated brain regions, the basal nuclei of the forebrain and the amygdaloid complex, are also involved. Some neurosteroids may thus be beneficial for treating age- or disease-related cognitive impairments.
Determination of Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface recombination parameters using a gate-controlled point-junction diode under illumination (1988)

A novel method is presented to determine Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface recombination parameters. The device used is a polysilicon-oxide-semiconductor capacitor with a microscale central junction (a gate-controlled point-junction diode). Data analysis has been performed using a numerical scheme to find a quasi-exact solution for the current combining at the interface. It was found that the interface recombination parameters depend only weakly on trap energy in a wide range around midgap. The cross-section for capturing electrons was found to exceed the cross-section for capturing holes by a factor of 10/sup 2/ to 10/sup 3/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A High-voltage Neuron Stimulator in 0.18μm CMOS Process for Biomedical Implantable Devices (2009)

Bio-medical implantable devices have drawn more and more attention in recent years. Extensive studies in neuroscience prove that neural stimulation techniques may cure or at least improve some diseases caused by neural abnormal discharge or disability. However, two of the major challenges of implantable devices are combining a high-voltage driver and low-voltage digital control in a single chip, and accommodating large voltages in smaller feature size technology. This paper presents a new stimulator circuit structure to address these problems, using a novel voltage clothing design to reduce the voltage supply from 20V to 12V. A new folding-voltage technique solves the reliability issue. The proposed design has been fabricated with TSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology.
Public Intimacy (1997)

Essay| August 01 1997 Public Intimacy: The Development of First-Person Documentary Patricia Aufderheide Patricia Aufderheide Patricia Aufderheide, a Contributing Editor to in These Times, is an Associate Professor in the School of Communication at The American University in Washington, DC. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Afterimage (1997) 25 (1): 16–18. https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1997.25.1.16 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Patricia Aufderheide; Public Intimacy: The Development of First-Person Documentary. Afterimage 1 January 1997; 25 (1): 16–18. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/aft.1997.25.1.16 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAfterimage Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1997 by The Regents of the University of California1997 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.