gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> biocompatibility of degradable biopolymers in cell line cultures from various ocular tissues: Direct contact studies (2007)

Synthetic biodegradable polymers have many potential therapeutic applications. In ophthalmology, biodegradable polymers have been used as viscoelastic agents and surgical implants. Other potential applications include controlled release of drugs and growth factors, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. In the present study, in vitro biocompatibility of three biodegradable polymers, 50:50 PDLGA, 85:15 PDLGA, and Inion GTR membrane was evaluated in comparison to tissue culture polystyrene by investigating cell proliferation and potential acute toxicity by the WST-1 cytotoxicity/cell proliferation test, the ATP test, and the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test. Evaluations were conducted with cell line cultures from various ocular tissues, human corneal epithelial cells (HCE), rabbit stromal fibroblasts (SIRC), bovine corneal endothelial cells (BCE), human conjunctival epithelial cells (IOBA-NHC), and human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19) by direct contact studies by plating the cells on the polymer film specimens in 96-wells. The proliferation results show that cell lines from various ocular tissues attached and grew on PDLGA 50:50, PDLGA 85:15, and Inion GTR membrane. Cytotoxicity experiments with the LDH and ATP tests showed no or extremely slight toxic adverse effects. These polymers have potential to be used as scaffolds in cell transplantation devices or as surgical implants.
Synthesis of biomimetic hyperbranched zwitterionic polymers as targeting drug delivery carriers (2012)

Abstract Novel biomimetic hyperbranched copolymers that synthesized by polymerization of zwitterionic monomer (CBB) on the surface of a hyperbranched poly(3‐ethyl‐3‐(hydroxymethyl)oxetane) (HBPO) core and used as a drug delivery carrier have been investigated by analysis of protein‐adsorption‐resistance, cytotoxicity and cell type‐specific targeting properties. The as‐synthesized biomimetic hyperbranched copolymers showed low toxicity, favorable protein resistant properties and were ultrastable in 100% fetal bovine serum. Folic acid and rodiamin‐B were conjugated to the surface of synthesized micelles to endow it with target drug delivery and fluorescence activity, respectively. Intracellular uptake and in vitro cytotoxicity of HBPO‐poly(carboxybetaine) micelles were investigated. Doxorubicin was used as a model drug for Hela cells during the experiment. All results show that the biomimetic hyperbranched copolymer is a candidate carrier for target drug delivery. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Extracting and Querying Probabilistic Information in BayesStore (2011)

During the past few years, the number of applications that need to process large-scale data has grown remarkably. The data driving these applications are often uncertain, as is the analysis, which often involves probabilistic models and statistical inference. Examples include sensor-based monitoring, information extraction, and online advertising. Such applications require probabilistic data analysis (PDA), which is a family of queries over data, uncertainties, and probabilistic models that involve relational operators from database literature, as well as inference operators from statistical machine learning (SML) literature. Prior to our work, probabilistic database research advocated an approach in which uncertainty is modeled by attaching probabilities to data items. However, such systems do not and cannot take advantage of the wealth of SML research, because they are unable to represent and reason the pervasive probabilistic correlations in the data.In this thesis, we propose, build, and evaluate BayesStore, a probabilistic database system that natively supports SML models and various inference algorithms to perform advanced data analysis. This marriage of database and SML technologies creates a declarative and efficient probabilistic processing framework for applications dealing with large-scale uncertain data. We use sensor-based monitoring and information extraction over text as the two driving applications. Sensor network applications generate noisy sensor readings, on top of which a first-order Bayesian network model is used to capture the probability distribution. Information extraction applications generate uncertain entities from text using linear-chain conditional random fields. We explore a variety of research challenges, including extending the relational data model with probabilistic data and statistical models, efficiently implementing statistical inference algorithms in a database, defining relational operators (e.g., select, project, join) over probabilistic data and models, developing joint optimization of inference operators and the relational algebra, and devising novel query execution plans. The experimental results show: (1) statistical inference algorithms over probabilistic models can be efficiently implemented in the set-oriented programming framework in databases; (2) optimizations for query-driven SML inference lead to orders-of-magnitude speed-up on large corpora; and (3) using in-database SML methods to extract and query probabilistic information can significantly improve answer quality.
Effect of non-Newtonian solutions on the behavior of the thermal pulse time-of-flight flowmeter (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of non-Newtonian solutions on the behavior of the thermal pulse time-of-flight flowmeterGregory A. Hoffman and Theodore E. MillerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 9, 1682–1685Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00273a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views49Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (482 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tumor‐selective vessel occlusions by platelets after vascular targeting chemotherapy using paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes (2007)

Paclitaxel encapsulated in cationic liposomes (EndoTAG-1) significantly impairs tumor growth by a significant reduction of functional tumor microcirculation and induction of endothelial cell apoptosis. The aim of the study was to analyze whether platelet activation within the tumor microcirculation contributes to the antivascular effects of vascular targeting chemotherapy using EndoTAG-1. In vitro, FACS analysis revealed a significant activation of platelets upon treatment with EndoTAG-1. In vivo, using A-Mel-3 tumors in Syrian Golden hamsters equipped with dorsal skinfold chamber preparations, the contribution of platelets to the antivascular effects of EndoTAG-1 was evaluated by fluorescence and laser-scanning microscopy. Immediately after a single treatment with EndoTAG-1 or cationic liposomes devoid of paclitaxel, an increase of platelet adherence in tumor microvessels was observed. This was accompanied by an acute impairment of the microcirculation within the treated tumors leading to reduced tumor perfusion. After repetitive therapy, an increase of platelet adherence and subsequent tumor microvessel occlusions occurred only after treatment with EndoTAG-1. Comparing to "tumor free" normal tissue controls these microthromboses were tumor selective. Significantly disbalancing the coagulation system within tumors by targeted induction of microthromboses within the tumor microcirculation appears to be an important mechanism of EndoTAG-1 therapy.
Redox Control within Single-Site Polymerization Catalysts (2006)

The activity of a single-site titanium-based lactide polymerization initiator supported by a ferrocenyl-derivatized salen ligand is shown to be modulated by a chemical redox switch; a substantially higher rate of propagation is found for the neutral catalyst compared to its oxidized dicationic ferrocenium counterpart.
Reporting guidelines for controlled experiments in software engineering (2005)

One major problem for integrating study results into a common body of knowledge is the heterogeneity of reporting styles: (1) it is difficult to locate relevant information and (2) important information is often missing. Reporting guidelines are expected to support a systematic, standardized presentation of empirical research, thus improving reporting in order to support readers in (1) finding the information they are looking for, (2) understanding how an experiment is conducted, and (3) assessing the validity of its results. The objective of this paper is to survey the most prominent published proposals for reporting guidelines, and to derive a unified standard that which can serve as a starting point for further discussion. We provide detailed guidance on the expected content of the sections and subsections for reporting a specific type of empirical studies, i.e., controlled experiments. Before the guidelines can be evaluated, feedback from the research community is required. For this purpose, we propose to adapt guideline development processes from other disciplines.
FASA: Development and Validation of a Novel Measure to Assess the Effectiveness of Commercial Airline Pilot Situation Awareness Training (2007)

The present study took a novel approach to the assessment of a commercial airline pilot Situation Awareness (SA) training programme. The Factors Affecting Situation Awareness (FASA) questionnaire was developed to provide a more diagnostic measure of aircrews' acquisition and maintenance of SA. Thirty-two aircrew participants took part in this study; half received standard Line-Oriented Flight Training (LOFT) and half received bespoke SA training. The results of the study provide strong evidence for the reliability of FASA to detect improvements to aircrew SA afforded by the training programme. The implications of these findings to SA measurement are discussed.
Analysis of Hematopoietic Development in the Zebrafish (2004)

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful vertebrate genetic and developmental model that is particularly amenable to the study of hematopoiesis. The zebrafish embryo develops externally and its optical clarity allows the number and morphology of circulating blood cells to be visualized using a dissecting microscope. Both the morphology of the blood lineages and the expression of critical blood genes are highly conserved between zebrafish and mammals. The high fecundity and short generation time of zebrafish facilitate genetic analysis, and a number of large-scale mutagenesis screens have identified mutations in genes affecting blood development. The discovery of novel hematopoietic genes, as well as the cloning of zebrafish homologs of known hematopoietic genes, necessitates the use of efficacious and reliable methods for complete gene characterization. In this chapter, we illustrate frequently used techniques that are essential for evaluating hematopoiesis in the zebrafish, including whole-mount in situ hybridization, the detection of erythrocytes by o-dianisidine staining, and a description of the microinjection procedure, which has various applications, including overexpression of messenger ribonucleic acid, gene "knockdown" by antisense technology, and the creation of transgenic zebrafish. Also included is an explanation of the use of flow cytometry to separate hematopoietic lineages from the adult kidney and to isolate relatively pure populations of cell types from transgenic embryos based on the expression of fluorescent markers.
Big C, little c, big M, little m. (2009)

Comments on the article Multicultural experience enhances creativity: The when and how by A. K. Leung et al which discusses how many practices aimed at cultivating multicultural competence in educational and organizational settings (e.g., exchange programs, diversity education in college, diversity management at work) assume that multicultural experience fosters creativity. In line with this assumption, the research reported in this article is the first to empirically demonstrate that exposure to multiple cultures in and of itself can enhance creativity. The current author, Grant J. Rich, feels that despite the reviews of a number of recent studies that seem to justify at least to some degree the value of such programs for enhancing creativity, Leung et al left a number of vital questions unanswered or unasked. Leung et al seemed to focus the majority of their attention on little c creativity and Big M multicultural experience. Rich hopes that their continued endeavors focus on the relationships between other forms of creativity and other forms of multicultural experience as well.
A semantic browser for object oriented program development (1992)

Object-oriented methods allow programmers to construct software with a simple and uniform structure. Object-oriented programs should be simple to maintain and extend. Source code browsers are not sufficient for understanding object-oriented programs. The authors have combined a strongly-typed object-oriented language with an integrated, interactive development environment. For several reasons, they designed the compiler as an integral component of the environment. Coupling the compiler and the browser simplifies symbol table management in the compiler. Conversely, the same coupling ensures that information is semantically checked before the browser displays it. Also, programmers do not have to understand the class hierarchy because the compiler creates class views.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance in Liquids under High Pressure (1954)

The work reported here is an application of free precession or ``spin echo'' techniques in nuclear magnetic resonance to a study of the properties of liquids under high pressure. The proton relaxation time T1 was measured as a function of pressure, over the range 1 to 10 000 atmospheres, for six liquids: water, n-pentane, n-hexane, toluene, ethyl iodide, and methyl iodide. In addition to the relaxation time, the normalized values D(P)/D(1) of the self-diffusion constant were measured as a function of pressure for water and methyl iodide. In each liquid T1 decreases with increasing pressure. However, comparison of the observed variation of T1 with pressure with Bridgman's data on the variation of viscosity η with pressure shows in all cases (except that of methyl iodide for which no viscosity data are available) that T1 is not simply proportional to 1/η, but instead T1η increases with pressure. Similarly, for water and methyl iodide, the diffusion constant D varies in such a way that T1/D increases with pressure. For water the Stokes-Einstein relation Dη = cT is obeyed within the errors of observation. The behavior of T1 can be understood if one assumes that the dominant relaxation mechanism involves intramolecular fields, whose correlation time is determined by the rotational freedom of the molecule, and that compression of the liquid inhibits migrational freedom more drastically than rotational freedom. The necessity of making the present measurements has led to the discovery that BeCu, a heat treatable alloy, makes a very satisfactory high pressure, non-magnetic bomb which might well be used for other magnetic investigations under high pressure.
Peripheral Facial Palsy: Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment (1999)

Treatment options for peripheral facial palsy (PFP) are an often discussed problem in neurologic practice. Following a short description of the complex anatomy of the seventh cranial nerve we therefore review possible etiologies in the context of leading clinical signs, with idiopathic PFP or Bell's palsy (BP) being most frequent. A rather typical clinical course of BP allows to focus differential diagnostic workup predominantly on the rapid identification of treatable infections such as with Herpes zoster or Borrelia burgdorferi. Neuroimaging studies are needed only in case of trauma, with slowly developing PFP or in the presence of associated signs and symptoms. As BP is characterized by an overall high rate of spontaneous recovery, major emphasis has to be put on avoiding complications by protecting the eye. Meta-analysis of four randomized controlled studies suggests a marginal benefit of steroids concerning eventual achievement of complete recovery. Beneficial effects of a combination of acyclovir and prednisone have also been claimed. While such therapies may be considered in patients with a presumptive bad prognosis, more general recommendations on medical treatment of BP will have to await further trials.
Identifying Optimal Prognostic Parameters from Data: A Genetic Algorithms Approach (2009)

The ultimate goal of most prognostic systems is accurate prediction of the remaining useful life of individual systems or components based on their use and performance. This class of prognostic algorithms is termed Effects-Based or Type III Prognostics. Traditional individual- based prognostics involve identifying an appropriate degradation measure to characterize the system's progression to failure. These degradation measures may be sensed measurements, such as temperature or vibration level, or inferred measurements, such as model residuals or physics-based model predictions using other sensed measurements. Often, it is beneficial to combine several measures of degradation to develop a single parameter, called a prognostic parameter. A parametric model is fit to this parameter and then extrapolated to some predefined critical failure threshold to estimate the system's remaining useful life. Commonly, identification of a prognostic parameter is accomplished through visual inspection of the available information and engineering judgment. However, a set of metrics to characterize the suitability of prognostic parameters has been proposed. These metrics include monotonicity, prognosability, and trendability. Monotonicity characterizes a parameter's general increasing or decreasing nature. Prognosability measures the spread of the parameter's failure value for a population of systems. Finally, trendability indicates whether the parameters for a population of systems have the same underlying trend,and hence can be described by the same parametric function. This research formalizes these metrics in a way that is robust to the noise found in real world systems. The metrics are used in conjunction with a Genetic Algorithms optimization routine to identify an optimal prognostic parameter for the Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) Challenge data from the 2008 PHM conference.
A portable precision pumping system for chronic, programmed insulin infusion. (1978)

Psychoacoustics is taught both at universities and professional schools in The Netherlands and in Belgium, but always as part of some broader education or training program. The most prominent of these programs and their relations to psychoacoustics are medical studies (audiology), architecture (noise effects, concert halls), and language studies (speech perception). Several other interesting combinations occur. A special case worth mentioning is an Advanced Acoustics course offered annually by the Dutch (NAG) and Belgian (ABAV) acoustical societies in which psychoacoustics is an integral and essential part of a concentrated training in electroacoustics, architectural acoustics, or noise control engineering.
Motion planning and control for a tethered, rimless wheel differential drive vehicle (2013)

This paper considers motion planning and control problems that are motivated by the design of tethered, extreme terrain robots. We abstract the mobility structure of these systems using a tethered differential drive robot with rimless wheels. We analyze several important issues related to this geometry. First it is shown that this vehicle cannot be modeled deterministically unless an additional degree of freedom relative to the standard differential drive vehicle is provided. The simplest kinematically consistent model is one that allows for slight prismatic motion of the axle, approximating the effects of wheel slip. We show that under mild assumptions, such a vehicle's reachable set is dense in SE(2), implying local maneuverability. Next we study some of the constraints which the tether places on the vehicle's motions and derive scaling laws relating wheel and vehicle speeds. Using these results, we provide simple planning and approximate path-following methods that allow tether management. In particular, we consider trajectories produced by solving an optimal control problem to minimize the integral of absolute tether-reeling rate.
Low Oxidation State Iron(0), Iron(I), and Ruthenium(0) Dinitrogen Complexes with a Very Bulky Neutral Phosphine Ligand (2013)

The synthesis of a series of iron and ruthenium complexes with the ligand P(2)P3(Cy), P(CH2CH2PCy2)3 is described. The iron(0) and ruthenium(0) complexes Fe(N2)(P(2)P3(Cy)) (1) and Ru(N2)(P(2)P3(Cy)) (2) were synthesized by treatment of [FeCl(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) and [RuCl(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) with an excess of potassium graphite under a nitrogen atmosphere. The Fe(I) and Ru(I) species [Fe(N2)(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) (3) and RuCl(P(2)P3(Cy)) (4) were synthesized by treatment of [FeCl(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) and [RuCl(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) with 1 equiv of potassium graphite under a nitrogen atmosphere. The cationic dinitrogen species [Fe(N2)H(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) (6) and [Ru(N2)H(P(2)P3(Cy))](+) (7) were formed by treatment of 1 and 3, respectively, with 1 equiv of a weak organic acid. The iron(II) complex Fe(H)2(P(2)P3(Cy)) (5) was also synthesized and characterized. Complexes [RuCl(P(2)P3(Cy))][BPh4], 1, 2, 3[BPh4], 4, 5, 6[BF4], and 7[BF4] were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Fe(I) and Ru(I) complexes 3 and 4 were characterized by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and the Fe(I) complex has an EPR spectrum typical of a metal-centered radical.
Selenenyl Sulfur Compounds (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelenenyl Sulfur CompoundsOlav FossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 9, 2236–2237Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01201a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01201a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts