gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryphonectria parasitica as a host of fungal viruses: a tool useful to unravel the mycovirus world (2014)

There appear to be over a million of fungal species including those that have been unidentified and unreported, where a variety of viruses make a world as well. Studies on a very small number of them conducted during the last two decades demonstrated the infectivity of fungal viruses that had previously been assumed to be inheritable, indigenus and non-infectious. Also, great technical advances were achieved. The chest blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica), a phytopathogenic ascomycetous fungus, has emerged as a model filamentous fungus for fungal virology. The genome sequence with annotations, albeit not thorough, many useful research tools, and gene manipulation technologies are available for this fungus. Importantly, C. parasitica can support replication of homologous viruses naturally infecting it, in addition to heterologous viruses infecting another plant pathogenic fungus, Rosellinia necatrix taxonomically belonging to a different order. In this article, I overview general properties of fungal viruses and advantages of the chestnut blight fungus as a mycovirus host. Furthermore, I introduce two recent studies carried out using this fungal host:''Defective interfering RNA and RNA silencing that regulate the replication of a partitivirus'' and'' RNA silencing and RNA recombination''.
Building application generators (1988)

The development of application generators, which offer increased productivity through customized reusable software, is addressed. Their advantages and drawbacks are first discussed. They describe a method, called the dialogue-code generation system, for building application generators, and discuss its use for various projects. Unix tools for building application generators are briefly considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Inhibitor of FtsZ with Potent and Selective Anti-Staphylococcal Activity (2008)

FtsZ is an essential bacterial guanosine triphosphatase and homolog of mammalian beta-tubulin that polymerizes and assembles into a ring to initiate cell division. We have created a class of small synthetic antibacterials, exemplified by PC190723, which inhibits FtsZ and prevents cell division. PC190723 has potent and selective in vitro bactericidal activity against staphylococci, including methicillin- and multi-drug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The putative inhibitor-binding site of PC190723 was mapped to a region of FtsZ that is analogous to the Taxol-binding site of tubulin. PC190723 was efficacious in an in vivo model of infection, curing mice infected with a lethal dose of S. aureus. The data validate FtsZ as a target for antibacterial intervention and identify PC190723 as suitable for optimization into a new anti-staphylococcal therapy.
Long self-magnetically insulated power transport experiments (1979)

Energy and power transport in a self-magnetically insulated triplate transmission line are examined. The experiments are done on the MITE accelerator (2 MV, 0.4 MA, 40 ns), which is one module of the electron beam fusion accelerator, EBFA I. The transport efficiency is very sensitive to the injection geometry. An abrupt transition at the beginning of the line causes ∼40% power losses through an apparent instability. The growth length of the instability is ∼53 cm in a line with a vacuum wave impedance Z0=7.6 Ω. A second loss mechanism is associated with an azimuthal asymmetry in the self-magnetic field near the injection region. Both loss mechanisms were avoided by properly shaping the input to the transmission line and 90% energy transport and ∼100% power transport were achieved.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Plasticized Polymers (2012)

Coating films can be usually prepared from organic solvent-based polymers or aqueous solvent-based latex dispersions. However, the aqueous film coating have been favoured in coating technology because of its wide applications, low environmental concerns, efficiency of the process, and wide commercial availability of coating materials. The cellulose ethers and esters are the major group of polymers used in the film coating process. The www.intechopen.com Recent Advances in Plasticizers 70 pharmaceutical compositions of two kinds of coated beads were patented. The polymer coatings of the beads differed in water solubility. This pharmaceutical composition comprised phtalates, trimellitates, adipates, sebacates, glycols, polyethers and alkyl citrates as the plasticizers (Paborji & Flugel 2011).
Active microscope stabilization in three dimensions using image correlation (2013)

Our active drift stabilization system is capable of simultaneously compensating <i>x</i>, <i>y</i> and <i>z</i> drift through an image-based correlation method that requires no special sample treatment or extensive microscope modifications. While other techniques may provide better stability, especially for higher frequency drift, our method is easy to implement and widely applicable in terms of both sample type and microscopy technique.
Optimization of Production and CO2 Utilization Via Parametric Representation and Evaluation of WAG Schedules (2016)

Abstract Given limited CO2 supply, operational constraints, and pattern specific reservoir performance, WAG schedule can be customized such that NPV or other metrics are optimized. Depending on the WAG schedule, recovery can fluctuate between 5–15% at the pattern scale due to reservoir heterogeneity causing variations in sweep efficiency. An analytical method was developed to optimize WAG schedules that couples traditional reservoir modeling and simulation with machine learning, enabling the discovery of optimal WAG schedules that increase recovery at the pattern level. A history-matched reservoir model of Chaparral Energy's Farnsworth Field, Ochiltree County, TX was sampled intelligently to perform predictive reservoir flow simulations and artificially build an intelligent reservoir model that samples a broad range of possible WAG scenarios for optimization. The intelligent model generates the next "best" sample to investigate in the numerical simulator and converges on the optima, quickly reducing the number of runs investigated. Results in this paper demonstrate that there can be significant improvements in net present value as well as net utilization rates of CO2 using this analytical technique. The WAG design generated by the intelligent reservoir model should be deployed in the field in early 2016 for validation. It is intended that the intelligent reservoir model will be updated on a regular basis as injection and production data is obtained. This effort represents the beginning of a paradigm shift in the application of modeling and simulation tools for significant improvements in field production operations.
An efficient protocol for private iris-code matching by means of garbled circuits (2012)

Biometric-based access control is receiving increasing attention due to its security and ease-of-use. However, concerns are often raised regarding the protection of the privacy of enrolled users. Signal processing in the encrypted domain has been proposed as a viable solution to protect biometric templates and the privacy of the users. In particular, several solutions have been proposed to protect the privacy of the biometric probe during the authentication process. In this paper we focus on privacy-preserving iris-based authentication. The main innovations compared to the prior art include: i) an iris masking technique that simplifies the operations on the encrypted data without sacrificing the recognition rate; ii) the adoption of a matching protocol based only on garbled circuits which offers longer term security over existing solutions based on homomorphic encryption or hybrid techniques. The computational and communication complexity of the on-line phase of the proposed protocol is extremely low, thus opening the way to its exploitation in practical applications.
Severe 5-fluorouracil toxicity secondary to dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. A potentially more common pharmacogenetic syndrome (1991)

This study describes the inheritance of a defect in pyrimidine catabolism and its association with drug-induced toxicity in a patient receiving 5-fluorouracil (FUra) as adjuvant chemotherapy for breast carcinoma. The study population included the affected patient (proband), nine of her blood relatives, and seven healthy volunteers. The activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD), the initial enzyme of pyrimidine (and FUra) catabolism, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured in each subject by a specific radiometric assay using FUra as the substrate. The proband had no detectable DPD activity. When enzyme levels in the proband and relatives were compared with that in controls, an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance was demonstrated. This is the third patient with severe FUra toxicity secondary to an alteration in pyrimidine catabolism and the second from our clinic population suggesting that the frequency of this genetic defect may be greater than previously thought. Monitoring DPD activity may be important in the management of patients experiencing severe toxicity secondary to FUra chemotherapy.
Circuitos para la gloria. El 3-D y una versión coral del tema "Gloria" presiden la nueva campaña de patrocinio deportivo de Repsol (2009)

El trabajo en equipo y el apoyo de la aficion son pilares fundamentales para la consecucion de exitos deportivos. Este es el discurso que preside la campana de patrocinio deportivo que ha lanzado este ano Repsol, con motivo del Mundial de Motociclismo. Una idea de Young & Rubicam, articulada en torno a una version coral de Gloria, el exito de Umberto Tozzi en los Ochenta, que ha producido para television Only 925, bajo la direccion de Fernando Garcia, y que ha necesitado de un largo proceso de postproduccion llevado a cabo por Molinare
ACGT‐containing abscisic acid response element (ABRE) and coupling element 3 (CE3) are functionally equivalent (1999)

ACGT-containing ABA response elements (ABREs) have been functionally identified in the promoters of various genes. In addition, single copies of ABRE have been found to require a cis-acting, coupling element to achieve ABA induction. A coupling element 3 (CE3) sequence, originally identified as such in the barley HVA1 promoter, is found approximately 30 bp downstream of motif A (ACGT-containing ABRE) in the promoter of the Osem gene. The relationship between these two elements was further defined by linker-scan analyses of a 55 bp fragment of the Osem promoter, which is sufficient for ABA-responsiveness and VP1 activation. The analyses revealed that both motif A and CE3 sequence were required not only for ABA-responsiveness but also for VP1 activation. Since the sequences of motif A and CE3 were found to be similar, motif-exchange experiments were carried out. The experiments demonstrated that motif A and CE3 were interchangeable by each other with respect to both ABA and VP1 regulation. In addition, both sequences were shown to be recognized by a VP1-interacting, ABA-responsive bZIP factor TRAB1. These results indicate that ACGT-containing ABREs and CE3 are functionally equivalent cis-acting elements. Furthermore, TRAB1 was shown to bind two other non-ACGT ABREs. Based on these results, all these ABREs including CE3 are proposed to be categorized into a single class of cis-acting elements.
Solubility properties in polymers and biological media. 2. The correlation and prediction of the solubilities of nonelectrolytes in biological tissues and fluids (1985)

Solubilities of a range of nonelectrolyte solutes in biological systems, such as blood, plasma, brain, lung, liver, kidney, muscle tissue, and human fat, are correlated and predicted through an equation that takes the form log Ltissue = c + w log Lwater + o log Loil, where L is the Ostwald solubility coefficient (or gas/liquid partition coefficient). The ratio of the constants o and w gives a measure of the "oiliness" of a given biological tissue or fluid. The strong possibility exists that, for many types of nonelectrolyte solutes, simple measurements of solubilities in water and oil (gas/liquid partition coefficients) will allow accurate predictions of solubilities in the above biological solvents, as well as tissue/blood partition coefficients. The solubility of rare gases and the inorganic gases H2, N2, CO, and O2 may be correlated through the simpler equation log Ltissue = l'RG + d', where l' and d' are constants that characterize the phase, and RG is a known parameter, obtained by normalizing and averaging solubilities over a range of solvent systems, that characterizes the solute. Both of the above equations allow prediction of L in biological solvents to within about 20%, which compares well with the precision of the experimental measurements.
Variable Region Sequences of Five Human Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains of the V <sub>H</sub> III Subgroup: Definitive Identification of Four Heavy Chain Hypervariable Regions (1974)

The variable regions of five human immunoglobulin heavy chains of the V(H)III subgroup have been totally sequenced. Three of the heavy chains belonged to the IgG class and two to the IgA class. Examination of these sequences, and comparison with additional published heavy chain sequences, showed that a total of four hypervariable regions is characteristic of human heavy chain variable regions. The relatively conserved character of large segments of the heavy chain variable region was very evident in these studies. The conserved segments, which are those sections located outside the hypervariable regions, comprise approximately 65% of the total heavy chain variable region. The following general structural pattern for antibody molecules emerges from this and related studies: an overall combining region superstructure is provided by the more conserved segments while the refinements of the active site specificity are a function of hypervariable regions.
Monte Carlo simulation studies for spatially fractionated radiation therapy techniques (2013)

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the possible gain in tissue sparing in hadrontherapy when a spatial fractionation of the dose is used. Monte Carlo simulations (GATE v.6) have been used as a method to assess the dose distributions in a cylindrical water phantom (16 cm height and 16 cm of diameter). The phantom was irradiated with carbon and oxygen minibeams of 0.7 mm of beam width, and with protons in a grid geometry configuration. Several centre-to-centre distances, covering a 2 x 2 cm2 area, have been taken into account. The ratio of the peak-to-valley doses (PVDR) and the penumbrae was used as evaluation parameter, since PVDR is considered to be a very relevant dosimetric parameter for tissue sparing. Extremely high PVDRs values and very narrow penumbrae were obtained in all depths. This means that this new way of dose delivery might allow the use of higher and potentially curative doses in\nclinical cases where tissue tolerances are a limit to achieve a curative treatment. The high PVDR obtained and the small penumbrae in comparison with existing radiosurgery\ntechniques, suggest a potential gain in healthy tissue sparing in those new techniques.
Mutants defective in the energy-conserving NADH dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium identified by a decrease in energy-dependent proteolysis after carbon starvation. (1993)

NADH dehydrogenase is the first component of the respiratory chain. It transfers electrons from NADH to ubiquinone and concomitantly establishes a proton motive force across the membrane. Salmonella typhimurium mutants defective in this enzyme were isolated in a screen for strains with increased expression of beta-galactosidase from a hemA-lacZ protein fusion. This unexpected phenotype results from stabilization of the hybrid protein during carbon starvation and is apparently due to an energy requirement for proteolytic attack. Sequence analysis of DNA fragments cloned from an insertion mutant indicates that S. typhimurium has a large cluster of genes encoding the energy-conserving NADH dehydrogenase, similar to one recently described in Paracoccus denitrificans. These findings establish the potential for genetic analysis of a complex enzyme whose function, especially in proton efflux, is poorly understood.
A Convenient and Regioselective Synthesis of 4,6-Diaryl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-ones<sup>1</sup>and 1,4-Diphenyl-2,3,4,7-tetrahydro-1<i>H</i>-azepin-2-one (1989)

Reactions of 2-vinyloxiranes and 2-vinylaziridine with dichloroketene gave the corresponding 2,3,4,7-tetrahydrooxepin-2-ones and 2,3,4,7-tetrahydroazepin-2-one derivatives, respectively.
Physiological Basis and Long-Term Clinical Outcome of Discordance Between Fractional Flow Reserve and Coronary Flow Velocity Reserve in Coronary Stenoses of Intermediate Severity (2014)

Discordance of CFVR with FFR originates from the involvement of the coronary microvasculature. Importantly, the risk for major adverse cardiac events associated with FFR/CFVR discordance is mainly attributable to stenoses where CFVR is abnormal. This emphasizes the requirement of intracoronary flow assessment in addition to coronary pressure for optimal risk stratification in stable coronary artery disease.
[(Cp*)(dppe)Fe(III)−]<sup>+</sup>Units Bridged through 1,3-Diethynylbenzene and 1,3,5-Triethynylbenzene Spacers: Ferromagnetic Metal−Metal Exchange Interaction (1998)

The bi- and trinuclear iron(III) complexes [1,3-{Cp*(dppe)Fe(C⋮C−)}2(C6H4)][PF6]2 (22+) and [1,3,5-{Cp*(dppe)Fe(C⋮C−)}3(C6H3)] [PF6] (33+) were prepared by oxidation of [1,3-{Cp*(dppe)Fe(C⋮C−)}2(C6H4)] or [1,3,5-{Cp*(dppe)Fe(C⋮C−)}3(C6H3)] with 2 or 3 equiv of [(C5H5)2Fe][PF6], respectively. Complexes 22+ and 33+ were isolated as thermally and air stable blue microcrystalline solids in 95 and 80% yield, respectively. These paramagnetic compounds were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, IR, UV−vis, 1H NMR, Mössbauer, and ESR spectroscopies. The three organoiron groups of 33+ are not located on the same side of the molecule, and its two faces are therefore magnetically nonequivalent. The 1H NMR isotropic shifts are expected to be essentially contact shifts and the zfs (zero field splitting) parameter D is expected to be small for 22+ and 33+ since the Curie law is accurately obeyed for the proton resonances of the π-bound Cp* ligand. ESR spectra of the bi- and triradicals showed broad and unresolved signals at g = 2.10 (22+, ΔHpp = 550 G) and 2.13 (33+, ΔHpp = 170 G) in addition to signals at g = 4.55 and 4.46, respectively due to Δms = 2 transition. The Δms = 3 transition was observed at g = 7.97 in the spectrum of 33+. The temperature dependence of molar susceptibility obtained by SQUID measurements on microcrystalline samples suggested that the ferromagnetic interaction produces a triplet ground state in biradical 22+ (2J = 130.6 ± 0.2 cm-1) and a quartet ground state for triradical 33+. The two doublet states lie above the quartet by 18.7 ± 0.2 and 28.8 ± 0.2 cm-1. These results constitute the first examples of magnetic exchange interactions in a three-spin organometallic system with a triangular topology and the ferromagnetic coupling occurs at nanoscale distances between the metal spin carriers. The geometries of 22+ and 33+ were optimized using DFT calculations. High spin species were computed to be energetically favored with the spin density mainly localized on the iron centers supporting the experimental results.
A graphical block platform for real-time DSP-based digital relay development (2003)

Computer relaying is playing an ever more important role in power system protection as technology advances. This paper describes an integrated graphical block platform for digital relay development, which was built using commercial software Hypersignal RIDE, Microsoft Visual C++ and digital signal processor (DSP) hardware. The developed platform aims to aid researchers/relay engineers to design custom algorithms and then configure general relay hardware to run such algorithms. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, a graphical digital distance relay (GDDR) for transmission line protection was implemented using this platform. The performance of the developed relay was tested in open-loop real time mode by interfacing with power system simulators PSCAD/EMTDC and Real Time Playback (RTP).
Mechanisms of induction of human tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) gene expression by all‐<i>trans</i> retinoic acid in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor (2000)

The addition of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) in combination with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to human fibroblasts results in a synergistic induction of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1) protein production. The synergistic stimulation of TIMP-1 protein by ATRA and bFGF increased across 72 h. An incubation of 10 min to 12 h with bFGF alone followed by ATRA gave a similar synergistic induction of TIMP-1 protein to that seen with both agents together. Treatment of cells with ATRA first followed by bFGF was ineffective. Expression of RARbeta mRNA was induced by ATRA alone, but not further induced by ATRA and bFGF; expression of RARgamma mRNA was induced by both ATRA or bFGF alone, and further induced by both reagents together; expression of RXRgamma was repressed by ATRA alone, but not by ATRA in combination with bFGF. Steady-state levels of TIMP-1 mRNA were induced 14 to 40-fold above control by ATRA and bFGF. Treatment with ATRA and bFGF did not alter the stability of TIMP-1 mRNA. The induction of TIMP-1 mRNA by ATRA and bFGF was greatly diminished by cycloheximide and therefore required new protein synthesis. The tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein caused a dose-dependent inhibition of TIMP-1 protein induction by ATRA and bFGF. A MEK1 inhibitor (PD98059) inhibited both basal and induced levels of TIMP-1. At high concentrations, p38 MAP kinase inhibitors further enhanced the synergistic stimulation of TIMP-1 protein by ATRA and bFGF, but at these concentrations, p42/44 MAP kinase was strongly activated. These data begin to elucidate the mechanisms by which TIMP-1 gene expression can be upregulated.
Distortion correction table compression for volume x-ray CT applications (2000)

A distortion correction table compression method based on polynomial fitting has been developed for implementation in a commercial volume-CT system. To achieve the fastest processing rates, distortion correction tables must fit into the limited memory present in hardware. The number of elements in raw lookup tables is approximately 2 X N<SUB>i</SUB> X N<SUB>j</SUB> X N<SUB>(theta</SUB> ), where N<SUB>i</SUB> X N<SUB>i</SUB> is the image dimensions in pixels, and N<SUB>(theta</SUB> ) is the number of frames. Two- dimensional (2D) compression fits 4th-order polynomials to columns and rows of the raw table, reducing table size to 2 X 5 X 5 X N<SUB>f</SUB>. Three-dimensional (3D) compression further compresses 2D tables in the angle dimension; reducing table size to 2 X 5 X 5 X 5. Tradeoffs between table size, accuracy, speed, and amount of distortion were investigated with data acquired from 7', 9', 10', 12', 14', and 16' IIs. The mean error was approximately 0.11, 0.20, and 0.20 pixels for raw table, 2D and 3D corrected data; with standard deviations of 0.08, 0.12, and 0.12 pixels.