gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteroceles (2007)

The economic impact of inpatient treatment for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux is considerable. If other service types such as pharmaceuticals, and outpatient and ambulatory services were considered, the observed impact of this condition would certainly be greater. Importantly the costs of prophylactic medical therapy and emerging therapies such as Deflux are not accounted for in this estimate. Furthermore, indirect economic costs, such as work loss to parents of children with pediatric vesicoureteral reflux, were not considered, causing an even greater underestimation of the true costs associated with the condition. Although the National Association of Children's Hospitals and Related Institutions, and the Health Care Cost and Utilization Project Kids' Inpatient Database include data on ureteroceles, the data were limited and, thus, they could not be used to determine reliable cost trends. Available data indicate that the mean cost per ureterocele case was almost $8,000 with little variation observed across ages, regions or sexes.
Production and Property of Beta-Lactamases in <i>Streptomyces</i> (1975)

The production of beta-lactamases by 100 strains of Streptomyces was studied. About one-half of the strains produced more than 2.3 U of beta-lactamase per ml, and another half produced less than 1.4 U/ml. The amounts of beta-lactamases produced by two strains were in the order of those produced by Bacillus cereus 569/H and Bacillus licheniformis 749/C. These Streptomyces enzymes function primarily as penicillinases rather than cephalosporinases. Properties such as pH optimum, substrate specificity, and heat stability suggest that these Streptomyces beta-lactamases are closely related to each other. In contrast to bacterial beta-lactamases, Streptomyces beta-lactamases were insusceptible to inactivation by N-bromosuccinimide and only slightly susceptible to iodine. This suggests that the construction mode of the active site would be different from other beta-lactamases. Studies on the minimum inhibitory concentrations of benzylpenicillin to seven Streptomyces strains and on their maximum beta-lactamase production indicate that the susceptibility of Streptomyces to penicillin is not directly related to the beta-lactamase production.
Fingerprinting of Bacterial Genomes by Amplification of DNA Fragments Surrounding Rare Restriction Sites (2001)

A method for generating limited representations of total bacterial DNA, without prior knowledge of the DNA sequence, has been developed. This method consists of three steps: digestion with two restriction enzymes, ligation of two oligonucleotide adapters corresponding to the restriction sites, and selective PCR amplification of the ligation products. The method relies on the use of two restriction enzymes with considerable differences in cleavage frequency of the investigated DNA and the ligation of two different oligonucleotides, each corresponding to one of the two cohesive ends of DNA fragments. Three subsets of DNA fragments are generated during digestion and subsequent ligation: terminated with the same oligonucleotide on both 5' ends of DNA fragments (two subsets) and terminated with two different oligonucleotides. Suppression PCR allows only the third subset of DNA fragments to be amplified exponentially. The method allows bacterial species strain differentiation on the basis of the different DNA band patterns obtained after electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels stained with ethidium bromide and visualized in UV light.
Linear Time Universal Coding and Time Reversal of Tree Sources Via FSM Closure (2004)

Tree models are efficient parametrizations of finite-memory processes, offering potentially significant model cost savings. The information theory literature has focused mostly on redundancy aspects of the universal estimation and coding of these models. In this paper, we investigate representations and supporting data structures for finite-memory processes, as well as the major impact these structures have on the universal algorithms in which they are used. We first generalize the class of tree models, and then define and investigate the properties of the finite-state machine (FSM) closure of a tree, which is the smallest FSM that generates all the processes generated by the tree. The interaction between FSM closures, generalized context trees (GCTs), and classical data structures such as compact suffix trees brings together the information-theoretic and the computational aspects, leading to the first algorithm for linear time encoding/decoding of a lossless twice-universal code in the class of three models. The implemented code is a two-pass version of Context. The corresponding optimal context selection rule and context transitions use tools similar to those employed in efficient implementation of the popular Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT), yielding similar computational complexities. We also present a reversible transform that displays the same "context deinterleaving" feature as the BWT but is naturally based on an optimal context tree. FSM closures are also applied to an investigation of the effect of time reversal on tree models, motivated in part by the following question: When compressing a data sequence using a universal scheme in the class of tree models, can it make a difference whether we read the sequence from left to right or from right to left? Given a tree model of a process, we show constructively that the number of states in the tree model corresponding to the reversed process might be, in the extreme case, quadratic in the number of states of the original tree. This result answers the above motivating question in the affirmative.
Amino Acid Sequence of the Threonine-Containing Mureins of Coryneform Bacteria (1973)

In a study of the mureins of coryneform bacteria (Arthrobacter, Brevibacterium, Cellulomonas, Corynebacterium, Erysipelothrix), 21 threonine-containing strains were found. In several of the strains the amino acid and amino sugar composition of the murein was muramic acid (Mur), glucosamine (GlcNH(2)), d-Glu, l-Lys, l-Thr, and Ala in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:4 or 5, and in several other strains it was Mur, GlcNH(2), d-Glu, l-Lys, l-Thr, Ala, and l-Ser in a molar ratio of 1:1:1:1:1:3:1. The amino acid sequence of the mureins was determined by analyzing the oligopeptides derived from partial acid hydrolysates. It was shown that there were five different murein types. The peptide subunits attached to the muramic acid are the same, namely l-Ala-d-GluNH(2)-l-Lys-d-Ala. In one strain, the alpha-carboxyl group of d-Glu is substituted by d-alanine amide. The interpeptide bridges of the different types consist of the peptides l-Ala-l-Thr-l-Ala, l-Ala-l-Thr, l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Thr, l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Ala-l-Thr, or l-Ala-l-Thr-l-Ser which are bound through their C-termini (l-Ala, l-Thr, l-Ser) to the epsilon-amino group of l-Lys of one peptide subunit and by their N-termini (l-Ala) to the C-terminal d-Ala of an adjacent peptide subunit. Determination of the N- and C-terminal groups in the mureins showed that about 15 to 30% of the interpeptide bridges are not cross-linked.
Thapsigargin-Induced Gene Expression in Nonexcitable Cells Is Dependent on Calcium Influx (1997)

Agents such as thapsigargin and endothelin elevate intracellular calcium levels by a combination of calcium release from intracellular stores and calcium influx across the plasma membrane; however, the relative contribution of influx vs. release in modulating calcium-dependent gene expression is not as well understood in nonexcitable cells as in excitable cells.In this report we have been able to separate thapsigargin-induced elevation of intracellular calcium into release and influx components, using carboxyamido-triazole (CAI), a known inhibitor of calcium influx with antiproliferative activity against a number of human carcinomas, to selectively inhibit influx without affecting release.The results of these experiments indicate that the ability of thapsigargin to induce calcium-dependent gene expression in nonexcitable cells is dependent on the induction of calcium influx, presumably through store-operated calcium channels.CAI treatment specifically inhibited thapsigargin-or endothelin-stimulated expression from the c-fos promoter in Rat-1 cells and in epithelial cell lines derived from ovary and breast.Use of the VL30 model system confirmed the ability of CAI to inhibit calcium-dependent gene expression and further demonstrated that the ability of elevated calcium to synergize with other signaling pathways required close temporal coupling.In addition to inhibiting endothelin-induced calcium influx, CAI treatment also resulted in a partial inhibition of IP 3 production and calcium release.CAI treatment also blocked the increase in ERK1 kinase activity observed in response to either endothelin or thapsigargin, suggesting a role for calcium influx in the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
Acute toxicity of alcohols: prediction by QSAR analysis and by molecular similarity. (1997)

The purpose of the paper is to demonstrate the usefulness of techniques of molecular similarity as an alternative method for estimation of both acute toxicity of chemicals and their partition coefficients. The technique of atom pairs was chosen. A series of aliphatic alcohols was treated. Acute toxicity was determined by the express laboratory method as the EC50 (inhibition of movement of the worms Tubifex tubifex). Partition coefficients were determined between oil and gas. The calculated results were sufficiently close to both experimental results and the estimates calculated by a technique of QSAR analysis.
Network Management: Assessing Internet Network-Element Fault Status Using Neural Networks (2008)

This thesis explores the implementation of a neural network for analysis and decision-making purposes within the realm of network management and serves as a stepping stone toward a solution for a much larger problem.The thesis will discuss the current landscape of network management software and explore the possible benefits of a neural network augmented solution, test the efficacy of a neural network in several scenarios where it must classify network element performance data, and compare these results against more familiar linear regression methods.Results showed that the neural network was far superior at classifying the results.However, the general applicability of these results is not yet known since the dataset used was from a single commercial Internet Service Provider.
Oligonucleotides as Short as 7-Mers Can Be Used for PCR Amplification (1994)

Amplification of DNA sequences using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) requires as primers two oligonucleotides, which are carefully designed for length and G/C content. Such primers are generally between 18 and 30 bases long so that the primer sequences can amplify a unique sequence in the target genome; they should possess a minimal degree of secondary structure. We have tested the minimum length of G/C-rich and palindromic oligonucleotides to be used as primers in PCR. Oligonucleotides with sequences corresponding to the recognition sites of rare restriction enzymes were used on the DNA of vector constructs as model template DNA. Surprisingly, we found specific amplification with a low background over a wide range of temperatures for oligonucleotides as short as 7 nucleotides. This findings contradicts the previously reported empirical relationship between oligonucleotide length and ability to trigger amplification and points to the complex relationship between thermodynamic and kinetic criteria in relation to PCR. This technique should lead to new application in the cloning and screening of complex genomes.
Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome. (1987)

The Klippel-Trénaunay-Weber syndrome is a congenital angiodysplasia most often characterized by a triad of symptoms: varicose veins, port-wine cutaneous hemangiomas, and symmetrical hypertrophy of the affected limb. We report a case in a 37-year-old man and present a review of the literature.
CsFexAg2-xTe2 (x = 0.72): The First Quaternary Iron Telluride Synthesized from Molten Salt (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCsFexAg2-xTe2 (x = 0.72): The First Quaternary Iron Telluride Synthesized from Molten SaltJing Li, Hong-You Guo, Ricardo A. Yglesias, and Thomas J. EmgeCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 4, 599–601Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00052a003https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00052a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views191Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Phonoenterography: the recording and analysis of bowel sounds. (1967)

EDITORIAL COMMENT Bowel sounds, seemingly so simple on auscultation, become a very complex and poorly understood sign when submitted to a scientific study. Further correlation with clinical syndromes is needed. This technique offers a simple method, and one without any discomfort to patients, for studying effects of drugs affecting bowel mobility.
The formation of 360° domain walls in magnetic tunnel junction elements (2000)

The formation of 360° domain walls has been observed in exchange-biased magnetic tunnel junction elements using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy. These domain walls occur under certain circumstances and remain stable up to a high external field (∼150 Oe) compared to the value observed to achieve the antiparallel state of the free- and pinned-layer magnetizations (∼20 Oe). They have been found to play an important role during reversal to the parallel magnetization state, inducing a much lower switching field and a very different reversal mechanism.
Fast and secure key distribution using mesoscopic coherent states of light (2003)

This work shows how two parties A and B can securely share unlimited sequences of random bits at optical speeds. A and B possess true-random physical sources and exchange random bits by using a random sequence received to cipher the following one to be sent. A starting shared secret key is used and the method can be described as a one-time-pad unlimited extender. It is demonstrated that the minimum probability of error in signal determination by the eavesdropper can be set arbitrarily close to the pure guessing level. Being based on the M-ry encryption protocol this method also allows for optical amplification without security degradation, offering practical advantages over the Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol for key distribution.
Media reporting of social work: a framework for analysis. (1991)

The recognition of ageism and the pointing out of stereotypical images of old age is a first step that gerontologists have made in understanding the importance of media images of ageing in contemporary society. Social workers cannot hold their breath waiting for gerontologists to undertake analysis of ageist discourse in the media but the outcome for practitioners can be anticipated from other analyses. Seeing media images of growing older as part of a process of social construction, changes our response to those images. Structural features of the different contexts legitimate the use of images and categories that effectively diminish the power and autonomy of those who are old. There can be an illusory satisfaction derived from pointing to the excesses of some media images; critical awareness should involve reviewing our own presuppositions and the concepts adopted in professional practice, as well as the range of images in the media.
Second generation anti‐cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti‐CCP2) antibodies can replace other anti‐filaggrin antibodies and improve rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis (2004)

We compared the diagnostic performance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies detected with second-generation enzyme immunoassay (anti-CCP2) with that of IgM-rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-perinuclear factor (APF), and anti-keratin antibodies (AKA). The sensitivity of anti-CCP2 was better than that of APF and AKA: they were detected in 25% rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients without detectable APF or AKA. Their specificity, evaluated in other inflammatory rheumatic disease, was similar to that of APF and AKA. Despite the lower specificity, IgM-RF in combination with anti-CCP2 is interesting, as they do not completely overlap. Anti-CCP2 antibody detection seems to be a good alternative to other anti-filaggrin antibodies in the diagnosis of RA.
Amino acid sequence of bovine carboxypeptidase A. Isolation and characterization of selected peptic and nagarse peptides and the complete sequence of fragment FI (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino acid sequence of bovine carboxypeptidase A. Isolation and characterization of selected peptic and nagarse peptides and the complete sequence of fragment FIHans Neurath, Ralph A. Bradshaw, and Kenneth A. WalshCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 6, 961–972Publication Date (Print):March 16, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 16 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00782a006https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00782a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views17Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gene methylation patterns and expression (1993)

Several lines of evidence strongly indicate that methylation of cytosine residues within CpG dinucleotides are implicated in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. Transfection experiments have shown that methylation could inhibit gene transcription while inhibition of DNA methylase by the cytosine analog 5-azacytidine could induce gene reactivation. Furthermore, analysis of the methylation pattern of genes in different tissues has revealed in most cases the existence of a direct correlation between hypomethylation and gene activity (Razin and Cedar, 1991).
Pseudo-resonant full bridge DC/DC converter (1987)

This paper proposes a new dc/dc converter topology which combines the ease of control and wide range of conventional dc/dc converters, with low switching losses, low dv/dt and low EMI that is typical of zero voltage switched resonant converters. Consequently, the ratings of these components are substantially lower than for similarly rated resonant topologies. Operation at very high frequencies is possible and is shown with the fabrication of a 200 watt, 1 MHz dc/dc converter.
Condoms as Physical and Chemical Barriers Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1988)

In an in vitro model, 20 condoms containing 0.9 mL of 6.6% (vol/vol) nonoxynol 9 and ten condoms without nonoxynol 9 were tested as physical and chemical barriers against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Each condom was mounted on a hollow dildo and placed in a glass cylinder. The HIV inoculum and HIV-free medium were placed on opposite sites of the condom. Intercourse was simulated by pumping the dildo up and down in the cylinder before and after deliberate rupture of the condom. Samples for HIV culture were taken from outside and inside the condom, before and after rupture. After rupture of nonoxynol 9-containing condoms, an outside nonoxynol 9 concentration of 0.25% was reached. No condom without nonoxynol 9 leaked HIV before rupture, but after rupture HIV could be detected in medium outside of seven of ten condoms tested. In none of 20 nonoxynol 9-containing condoms could HIV be detected in outside medium after rupture. Thus, undamaged condoms provide an effective physical barrier against HIV, and nonoxynol 9 may provide an effective chemical barrier as well.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Nankakurines A and B: Confirmation of Structure and Establishment of Absolute Configuration (2008)

Total syntheses of (+)-nankakurine A (2) and (+)-nankakurine B (3) were accomplished by a sequence that employs an intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition of an azomethine imine intermediate to form the azatricyclic moiety and establish the relative configuration of the spiropiperidine ring. These syntheses, together with the synthesis of the originally purported structure 1 of nankakurine A, rigorously establish the relative and absolute configuration of these structurally unusual Lycopodium alkaloids. The syntheses are sufficiently concise that gram quantities of (+)-nankakurine A (2) and (+)-nankakurine B (3) will be available for further biological studies.
An Electric Field Converging Applicator with Heating Pattern Controller for Microwave Hyperthermia (1986)

A new type of applicator for microwave hyperthermia at 430 MHz has heen developed. The applicator, which consists of an integrated waveguide array, has a convergent effect of the radiated electromagnetic (EM) field in Iossy dielectric media, and it can change the heating pattern in the medium with ease. The electric field distributions from the aperture of the applicator were measured in a saline solution having a concentration of 0.2--0.6 percent which served as the model of simulated human tissues. The results show that when using the above applicator, the location of maximum intensity of the electric field conld be generated inside of the dissipative medium. The calculations of temperature distribution were performed in the model by using the experimental results of the electric field distribution. The applicator could change the transverse electric field distribution inside the medium, and then could control the depth of tissues located to the hyperthermic range. The heating range available for hyperthermia rising our single applicator is maximum 60 mm in depth theoretically.
Multiplication of Ice Embryos by Ice-Whisker Shedding (1969)

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