gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical Potential of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as Stand Alone Therapeutics and in Combination with other Chemotherapeutics or Radiotherapy for Cancer (2006)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors are emerging as a new class of cancer chemotherapeutics and already are being heralded as the first anti-cancer drugs targeting the epigenome. Through histone hyperacetylation-mediated changes in chromatin conformation and gene expression, histone deacetylase inhibitors induce differentiation, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, growth inhibition and cell death, which are more pronounced in transformed cell-lines than in normal cells. Additional anti-cancer effects of HDAC inhibitors include inhibition of migration, invasion and angiogenesis in vivo. Indeed, clinical anti-cancer activity has been observed using HDAC inhibitors as single agents or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutics, in phase I and II trials. Furthermore, numerous preclinical studies are suggesting a potential clinical role for HDAC inhibitors in radiotherapy either as radiation sensitizers or protectors. In this article the molecular basis for the clinical potential of HDAC inhibitors, either as stand alone cancer therapeutics or in combination with other chemotherapy agents or ionizing radiation will be overviewed.
Physical layer of FRAMES Mode 2-wideband CDMA (2002)

Some of the key issues on the physical layer of the FRAMES FMA2 wideband CDMA concept are discussed. The main emphasis has been in describing the physical channel structures. As the FMA2 has been designed to support variable and high data rate transmission, also the service multiplexing and the random access issues are discussed.
Dual roles of Nur77 in selective regulation of apoptosis and cell cycle by TPA and ATRA in gastric cancer cells (2002)

Nur77 is an orphan receptor. Although Nur77 affects cell proliferation and apoptosis through its capability of binding to a variety of response elements and regulating their transactivation activities, the intrinsic function of Nur77 is not yet fully understood; in particular, its regulation of apoptosis and proliferation has been characterized as cell type-dependent and agent context-dependent. In this study, Nur77 can be seen to regulate apoptosis via its expression and translocation, rather than its transactivation activity in gastric cancer cells. Nur77 was constitutively expressed in BGC-823 cells. The tetradecanoylphorbol-1,3-acetate (TPA) treatment not only resulted in up-regulation of the Nur77 mRNA level, but also led to translocation of Nur77 protein from the nucleus to the mitochondria, and caused the release of cytochrome c. This TPA-induced translocation of Nur77 was in association with the initiation of apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. Although all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) could not induce apoptosis in BGC-823 cells due to failure of stimulating Nur77 translocation, expression of Nur77 in the nucleus was required for cell growth inhibition by ATRA. Transfection of antisense Nur77 receptor into BGC-823 cells resulted in resistance of cell growth against ATRA inhibition, and the cells were still arrested in the S phase. Furthermore, the action of Nur77 in TPA-induced apoptosis was mediated through a protein kinase C signaling pathway, while mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling pathways were responsible for the regulation of Nur77 mRNA expression. Taken together, the data revealed the dual functioning mechanisms of Nur77 in gastric cancer cells in response to TPA and ATRA.
The Purification of Formol Diphtheria Toxoid by Multi-Membrane Electro-Decantation (1957)

Summary Formol diphtheria toxoid was purified by a combination of multi-membrane electro-decantation, ammonium sulphate fractionation and acid precipitation, yielding a product with a potency of 2950 Lf/mg protein nitrogen without impairing the antigenieity in guinea-pigs. Physieochemical investigation showed that the purified toxoid was homogeneous by gel diffusion, electrophoresis, diffusion and sedimentation measurements. Using sedimentation and diffusion data a molecular weight of 73,300 and a frictional ratio of 1.34 were calculated. The iso-electric point of formol diphtheria toxoid, as determined by a new method using a modified form of M.M.E.D. apparatus, was found to be pH 4.15 and pH 4.25 in acetate buffers of ionic strengths 0.05 and 0.025 respectively.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic study of the pentamerizing domain from cartilage oligomeric matrix protein: A five-stranded α-helical bundle (1996)

Cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) is a pentameric glycoprotein of the thrombospondin family found in cartilage and tendon. Self-association of COMP is achieved through the formation of a five-stranded alpha-helical bundle that involves 64 N-terminal residues (from 20 to 83). The complex is further stabilized by the interchain disulfide bonds between cysteines 68 and 71. We have prepared, by expression in Escherichia coli, several peptides of different lengths from the N-terminal region of COMP and studied their amenability to crystallization. Crystals of the best quality were obtained with a peptide spanning COMP residues 28-72. This peptide forms disulfide linked pentamers with 87% of alpha-helical structure. Crystals were grown by the hanging drop vapor diffusion method, using polyethylene glycol 1500 as a precipitant. The crystals belong to space group P2(1) with unit cell dimensions a = 38.47 angstroms, b = 49.47 angstroms, c = 54.98 angstroms, beta = 103.84 degrees and contain one pentamer per asymmetric unit. They diffract strongly to at least 1.8 angstrom resolution.
Carrot Pulp Chemical Composition, Color, and Water‐holding Capacity as Affected by Blanching (1994)

ABSTRACT Our objectives were to investigate the effect of blanching on nutrients, color, α‐ and β‐carotenes, dietary fiber, and water‐holding capacity of carrot pulp after juice was extracted. Carrot pulp contained 4‐5% protein, 8‐9% reducing sugars, and 5‐6% minerals. Compared to the color of fresh carrot juice, pulp from blanched carrots retained redness color values better than that from unblanched carrots. Pulp contained from unblanched: 17% and from blanched: 31‐35% of the total α‐ and β carotenes in the fresh carrots. Glucose and galacturonic acid were predominant sugars of the nonstarchy polysaccharides (NSP) in carrots. Pulp contained 37‐48% total dietary fiber and had a high water‐holding capacity (WHC), ranging from 9.42 to 10.52g water/g organic matter. Considering carotenes, WHC, and fiber content, carrot pulp products are a good source of dietary fiber.
Endogenous mutations in human uncoupling protein 3 alter its functional properties (1999)

Human uncoupling protein (UCP3) is a mitochondrial transmembrane carrier that uncouples oxidative phosphorylation and is a candidate gene for obesity. Expression of native human UCP3 mutations in yeast showed complete loss (R70W), significant reduction (R143X), or no effect (V102I and IVS6+1G > A) on the uncoupling activity of UCP3. It is concluded that certain mutations in UCP3 alter its functional impact on membrane potential (deltaphi), possibly conferring susceptibility to develop metabolic diseases.
Investigation of Efficiency Droop Behaviors of InGaN/GaN Multiple-Quantum-Well LEDs With Various Well Thicknesses (2009)

Efficiency droop behavior of InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well LEDs with various well thicknesses is discussed. It is demonstrated that LED samples with thinner well structures possess higher external quantum efficiencies with stronger droop behaviors. The efficiency droop behavior is contributed by dislocation recombination, Auger recombination in an active region, and carrier overflow out of an active region. Simulation results suggest that at the current density region of 10-100 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , Auger recombination is a dominant mechanism for efficiency droop behavior, while at high current density region of 100-200 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , carrier overflow starts to be the major mechanism for the change of efficiency droop behaviors.
Real or Fake (2018)

Shortly, within the member states of the European Union a serialization-based anti-counterfeiting system for pharmaceutical products will be introduced. This system requires a third party enabling to track serialized and enrolled instances of each product from the manufacturer to the consumer. An alternative to serialization is authentication of a product by classifying it as being real or fake using intrinsic or extrinsic features of the product. Thereby, one approach is packaging material classification using images of the packaging textures. While the basic feasibility has been proven recently, it is not clear if such an authentication system works with images captured with mobile devices. Thus, in this work mobile drug packaging authentication is investigated. The experimental evaluation provides results on single- and cross-sensor scenarios. Results indicate the principal feasibility and acknowledge open issues for a mobile device drug packaging authentication system.
Relation between the insulin receptor number in cells, autophosphorylation and insulin-stimulated Ras.GTP formation. (1992)

We showed previously that upon insulin stimulation of an insulin receptor overexpressing cell line, most of the p21ras was rapidly converted into the GTP bound state (Burgering, B. M. T., Medema, R. H., Maassen, J. A., Van de Wetering, M. L., Van der Eb, A. J., McCormick, F., and Bos, J. L. (1991) EMBO J. 10, 1103-1109). To determine whether this process also occurs in cells expressing physiologically relevant numbers of insulin receptors, insulin stimulated Ras.GTP formation was quantitated in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-derived cell lines expressing varying numbers of insulin receptors. In the parental CHO9 cells, expressing only 5.10(3) insulin receptors, insulin stimulation for 3 min increased Ras.GTP levels with 10%. Upon increasing the number of insulin receptors in these cells, Ras.GTP levels increased almost proportionally until a plateau value of 60% is reached at high receptor numbers. These data show that receptor overexpression is not a prerequisite for insulin-stimulated Ras.GTP formation. The yield of Ras.GTP generated is 0.2-1.0 mol/mol autophosphorylated insulin receptor in CHO9- and NIH3T3-derived cell lines, respectively. These values argue against signal-amplifying processes between the insulin receptor and p21ras. To determine whether receptor autophosphorylation is required for Ras.GTP formation, NIH3T3 cells overexpressing insulin receptors were stimulated with a monoclonal antibody which activates the receptor and subsequent glucose transport without inducing detectable autophosphorylation. Also, CHO cells expressing the mutant Ser1200 receptor, which has markedly impaired tyrosyl autophosphorylation but is capable of mediating insulin-stimulated metabolic effects in CHO cells, were used. In both cases, no Ras.GTP formation was observed. Furthermore, Rat-1-derived cell lines expressing mutant p21ras, which is permanently in the active GTP-bound form, still responded to insulin by increasing the glucose uptake. These results support our hypothesis that Ras.GTP formation is activated by the tyrosyl-phosphorylated insulin receptor and suggest that an active Ras.GTP complex does not mediate metabolic signaling.
The uptake of tritium-labelled carnitine by monolayer cultures of human fetal muscle and its potential as a label in cytotoxicity studies. (1981)

As a novel approach to the investigation of immune responses directed against muscle antigens in inflammatory muscle disease, the use of tritium-labelled carnitine as a selective marker for myotubes in monolayer cultures was investigated. Tritium-labelled carnitine was incubated either with monolayer cultures of human fetal muscle (which contain fibroblasts and myotubes) or with syngeneic monolayer cultures of human fetal fibroblasts. The rate of uptake and loss of tritium-labelled carnitine by muscle cultures was compared with that shown by fibroblast cultures; uptake being five times greater for muscle. Values for K(m) and V(max) were derived for both tissues in culture, the ratio K(m)/V(max) being 3·1 for muscle cultures and 0·46 for fibroblast cultures, indicating the presence of the active transport system for carnitine in the myotube membrane. Freeze-dried radioautographs of muscle monolayers, previously incubated with tritium-labelled carnitine, were made and confirmed the specific intra-tubular localization of the label. Fetal muscle monolayers, previously incubated with tritium-labelled carnitine, were used as targets in long-term cytotoxicity experiments into lymphocyte-mediated myotoxicity. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with inflammatory muscle disease were shown to be myotoxic, but lymphocytes from normal individuals or those with non-inflammatory muscle disease were not. This system is likely to prove much more sensitive than those methods employing chromium-51-labelled cultures. Carnitine-based measures of myotoxicity closely followed the clinical activity of the disease in sequential studies carried out on one patient and the test shows considerable potential as a means of assessing myotube killing by lymphocytes on a per-cell basis.
Secondary Metabolites from the Endophytic <i>Botryosphaeria dothidea</i> of <i>Melia azedarach</i> and Their Antifungal, Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Activities (2014)

Two new metabolites, an α-pyridone derivative, 3-hydroxy-2-methoxy-5-methylpyridin-2(1H)-one (1), and a ceramide derivative, 3-hydroxy-N-(1-hydroxy-3-methylpentan-2-yl)-5-oxohexanamide (2), and a new natural product, 3-hydroxy-N-(1-hydroxy-4-methylpentan-2-yl)-5-oxohexanamide (3), along with 15 known compounds including chaetoglobosin C (7) and chaetoglobosin F (8) were isolated from the solid culture of the endophytic fungus Botryosphaeria dothidea KJ-1, collected from the stems of white cedar (Melia azedarach L). The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis (1D and 2D NMR experiments and by mass spectrometric measurements), and the structure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. These metabolites were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity activities. Pycnophorin (4) significantly inhibited the growth of Bacillus subtilis and Staphyloccocus aureus with equal minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 25 μM. Stemphyperylenol (5) displayed a potent antifungal activity against the plant pathogen Alternaria solani with MIC of 1.57 μM comparable to the commonly used fungicide carbendazim. Both altenusin (9) and djalonensone (10) showed markedly DPPH radical scavenging activities. In addition, stemphyperylenol (5) and altenuene (6) exhibited strong cytotoxicity against HCT116 cancer cell line with a median inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 3.13 μM in comparison with the positive control etoposide (IC50 = 2.13 μM). This is the first report of the isolation of these compounds from the endophytic B. dothidea.
Hybridizations among <i>Brassica napus, B. rapa</i> and <i>B. juncea</i> and their two weedy relatives <i>B. nigra</i> and <i>Sinapis arvensis</i> under open pollination conditions in the field (1996)

Abstract The rate of natural crosses occurring among the cultivated Brassica species B. napus, B. rapa , and B. juncea and their two weedy relatives B. nigra and Sinapis arvensis was studied in co‐cultivation experiments under field conditions in Saskatchewan, Canada, with special reference to evaluation of the possibility of transgene escape from the cultivated to the weedy species. Natural crosses occurred among B. napus, B. rapa , and B. juncea , indicating that hybridizations among these three species do occur under field conditions. On the other hand, no natural crosses occurred between the cultivated species and B. nigra or S. arvensis. It is concluded that the crosses between the cultivated and weedy species are practically impossible under field conditions in Saskatchewan, and that the escape of transgenes from transgenic cultivars of B. napus, B. rapa and B. juncea into B. nigra and S. arvensis is basically zero in this region.
12-ps megawatt peak power pulses out of a single laser oscillator with nonlinear pulse compression (2019)

We present a passively Q-switched Nd<sup>3+</sup>:YAG/Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG laser with subsequent nonlinear pulse compression. This miniature laser combines both the high pulse energy of several tens of micro Joules and the short pulse duration of <20 ps without any amplification. It is therefore readily usable for many ultrafast applications including micro machining and medical applications. With these parameters, the laser shows a new level of compactness in comparison to other sub-100 picosecond laser sources. We utilize a Nd<sup>3+</sup>:YAG and a Cr<sup>4+</sup>:YAG crystal in a flat-Brewster, Brewsterflat configuration, respectively, positioned closely and the Brewster faces adjacent to each other. Pumped with approx. 6W from a fiber-coupled, 808 nm laser diode, the miniature, passively Q-switched laser oscillator delivers a pulse energy of 54 μJ with a pulse width of 339 ps and a repetition rate of 8.5 kHz. These pulses are subsequently coupled into a 20 μm core dia. large mode area PM fiber. Following a fiber propagation of 1.65 m the pulses are spectrally broadened by about a factor 40 due to self-phase modulation. Thereafter the nearly linearly chirped laser pulses are compressed by a chirped volume Bragg grating (CVBG). The optimized laser output pulses have a pulse width of 11.8 ps and a pulse energy of 20 μJ. We measured the polarized (PER<20dB) beam quality to be close to the diffraction limit with an M<sup>2</sup>≈1.5. A 13 hours continuous, stable laser operation has indicated a good long term stability and reliability.
Limits of the time-multiplexed photon-counting method (2017)

The progress in building large quantum states and networks requires sophisticated detection techniques to verify the desired operation. To achieve this aim, a cost- and resource-efficient detection method is the time multiplexing of photonic states. This design is assumed to be efficiently scalable; however, it is restricted by inevitable losses and limited detection efficiencies. Here, we investigate the scalability of time-multiplexed detectors under the effects of fiber dispersion and losses. We use the distinguishability of Fock states up to $n=20$ after passing the time-multiplexed detector as our figure of merit and find that, for realistic setup efficiencies of $\ensuremath{\eta}=0.85$, the optimal size for time-multiplexed detectors is 256 bins.
Tolerance and contact sensitivity to DNFB in mice. V. Induction of tolerance with DNP compounds and with free and membrane-associated DNFB. (1976)

Immunologic unresponsiveness (tolerance) was induced in a mouse model of contact sensitization to DNFB. The ability to induce tolerance varied with the chemical reactivity of the tolerogen; DNFB was highly tolerogenic, DNBSO3 was moderately tolerogenic, and DNP-lysine was not tolerogenic. Although DNFB is considered a highly reactive compound, tracer studies of injected DNFB showed that it was rapidly excreted. Further studies were therefore done with DNFB attached to mouse erythrocytes. Tolerance to DNFB-RBC was highly specific in vivo; mice tolerant to DNFB showed normal reactivity to TNCB (picryl chloride.) Cells of mice tolerant to DNFB-RBC were also unresponsive to DNBSO3 in vitro. Tolerance to DNFB, DNBSO3, and DNFB-RBC all required time to develop, suggesting that an active process was involved.
Location Dependent Transaction for Mobile Environment (2006)

With recent advances of mobile and portable devices, more than one billion cellular phones in the world joined by other wireless handheld computing devices like personal digital assistants (PDAs) or pocket PCs, with this number of users there are significant opportunities for mobile commerce growth. Although mobile commerce enables access to goods and service regardless of the location of either buyer or seller, in many situations the specific location of the buyer and seller is critical to the transaction [1]. Also the time for transaction execution become increasingly important not from performance point view but also from the corresponding relationship between the data and location especially when the mobile user change its location dynamically. In this paper we aim to introduce a mobile transaction model that takes into consideration the location dependent transaction and the time constraint for mobile transaction execution.
<title>Development of Zero Coefficient of Thermal Expansion composite tubes for stable space structures</title> (1992)

Advanced composite materials are well suited for stable space structures due to their low Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE), high stiffness and light weight. For a given design application, composite hardware can be tailored for strength, stiffness, CTE, and Coefficient of Moisture Expansion (CME). Computer modeling and laminate testing of high modulus graphite/epoxy tubes were evaluated for compressive strength, stiffness, CTE, CME and microcracking. Thermal cycling and microcracking effects on CTE were evaluated. Thin graphite/epoxy plies exhibited reduced microcracking. A zero CTE thin wall tube design resulted from the development program. Recent work on low moisture absorption resin systems is also discussed.
Physical characteristics of nonimmunologic adherence of IgG to RBC ghost membranes. (1972)

These studies were undertaken with the aim of detecting possible differences between immunologic binding of IgG antibodies to erythrocyte membranes and the well documented nonimmunologic adherence to erythrocytes of large numbers of IgG molecules. In the experiments described D(+)(Rho) erythrocyte ghosts were incubated with either (125)I labelled anti-D or (125)I IgG and then thoroughly washed. The ghosts which contained either immunologically bound anti-D or adherent IgG were then passed through a French press which converted the ghosts into microvesicles composed of membrane material. This procedure resulted in the selective removal of nonimmunologically adherent IgG from the microvesicles while leaving most of the antibody still firmly bound to the microvesicles. A series of control studies revealed that this observation was not limited to a single preparation of anti-D or IgG, and was not related to the number of IgG molecules attached to the erythrocyte membrane. Selective methods of chemical elution did not distinguish between the two forms of IgG attachment nor did another physical manipulation i.e. freezing and thawing. Separation of the sheared microvesicles into distinct classes indicated that antibody binding and nonimmunologic adherence of IgG molecules occurred equally to each of the different vesicle classes. These observations indicated that antibody binding and nonimmunologic adherence of IgG differ with regard to their physical characteristics and this difference may be a reflection of the inability of nonimmunologically adherent molecules to react with the Coombs' reagent.
Contact Ion Pair Directed Lewis Acid Catalysis: Asymmetric Synthesis of <i>trans</i>‐Configured β‐Lactones (2008)

Opposites attract. A novel concept for dual-activation catalysis takes advantage of the cooperative action of aprotic contact ion pair catalysis and Lewis acid catalysis. This strategy was used for the first trans-selective catalytic asymmetric [2+2] cyclocondensation of acyl halides with aliphatic aldehydes, furnishing trans-configured 3,4-disubstituted β-lactones with high stereoselectivity.