gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Push-Push Dielectric Resonator Oscillator (2005)

A novel coupling method is employed in the design of a push-push broadband dielectric resonator oscillator for K- and Ka-band operation. The oscillators realized with this technique exhibit excellent spectral purity, power output, and suppression of spurious outputs.
The predicted secondary structures of the nucleotide‐binding sites of six cation‐transporting ATPases lead to a probable tertiary fold (1989)

Six cation-dependent transporting ATPases have homologous sequences in the region asigned by chemical labelling to nucleotide binding. Comparison of the most highly conserved segments with other nucleotide-binding domains showed that the sequences were consistent with a mononucleotide-binding fold and enabled a number of likely folding topologies to be limited to two or three alternatives. One of these possible folds was topologically equivalent to adenylate kinase; this was taken as a model in which the significance of conserved amino acids was investigated. In this model conserved amino acids were grouped around a postulated ATP-binding cleft, satisfactorily accounting for their degree of conservation.
Broadband Class-E Power Amplifier for HF and VHF (2006)

The power amplifier described here uses a 50-V gemini MOSFET and operates in class E to produce up to 200 W from 1.8 to 128 MHz. The circuit incorporates a broadband input so that frequency changes require only retuning or switching of the output filter. The efficiency varies from 90 percent at 1.8 MHz to 70 percent at 128 MHz. The amplitude-modulation linearity is excellent, making it well suited for use in a Kahn-technique (EER) transmitter
The benzoin reaction with terephthalaldehyde (1955)

J. I. Jones and P. B. Tinker, J. Chem. Soc., 1955, 1286 DOI: 10.1039/JR9550001286
2<i>H</i>-Benzimidazoles (Isobenzimidazoles); Part 4.<sup>1</sup>Nucleophilic Substitution of 5,6-Dichloro-2<i>H</i>-benzimidazole-2-spirocyclohexane (1988)

Reaction conditions for mono- or di-substitution of the chloro substituents in 5,6-dichloro-2H-benzimidazole-2-spirocyclohexane (4) by various nucleophiles (RNH2, R2NH, RS-, RO-) are reported. Conversion of 4-morpholino-5-phenylsulphonyl-2H-benzimidazole-2-spirocyclohexane 17 into other heterocycles, 2,1,3-selenodiazole 19, benzimidazole 20, and quinoxaline 21 are also described.
Phosphatidylinositol 3‐phosphate, a lipid that regulates membrane dynamics, protein sorting and cell signalling (2013)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) is generated on the cytosolic leaflet of cellular membranes, primarily by phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol by class II and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases. The bulk of this lipid is found on the limiting and intraluminal membranes of endosomes, but it can also be detected in domains of phagosomes, autophagosome precursors, cytokinetic bridges, the plasma membrane and the nucleus. PtdIns3P controls cellular functions through recruitment of specific protein effectors, many of which contain FYVE or PX domains. Cellular processes known to be controlled by PtdIns3P and its effectors include endosomal fusion, sorting and motility, autophagy, cytokinesis, regulated exocytosis and signal transduction. Here we discuss how Ptdins3P is generated on specific cellular membranes, how its localizations and functions can be studied, and how its effectors serve to control cellular functions.
Speaker adaptation using combined transformation and Bayesian methods (2002)

The performance and robustness of a speech recognition system can be improved by adapting the speech models to the speaker, the channel and the task. In continuous mixture-density hidden Markov models the number of component densities is typically very large, and it may not be feasible to acquire a large amount of adaptation data for robust maximum-likelihood estimates. To solve this problem, we propose a constrained estimation technique for Gaussian mixture densities, and combine it with Bayesian techniques to improve its asymptotic properties. We evaluate our algorithms on the large-vocabulary Wall Street Journal corpus for nonnative speakers of American English. The recognition error rate is comparable to the speaker-independent accuracy achieved for native speakers.
Uprooting the Chestnut Tree: Nausea Today (2006)

Twenty-five years after his death, critics and academics, filmmakers and journalists continue to argue over Sartre’s legacy. But certain interpretations have congealed around his iconic text Nausea, tending to confine it within the framework provided by the later philosophical text, Being and Nothingness. In this opening chapter we seek to problematise interpretations of the novel that benefit from hindsight, to open up the text to a range of new approaches, in order to avoid too narrow a categorisation of the text. In the interest of broadening the appeal of Nausea we have collected together in this volume authors whose approaches to the text spring from four principal areas: French Studies, Philosophy, English and Comparative Literature. All four discipline areas have their own contribution to make in terms of the written text (the textual strategies at work within the novel), its context (be it literary, cultural or philosophical) and the intertextual web within which it is situated, and this chapter offers an overview of the contributions of this volume to these three topics.
SENSS: Security Enhancement to Symmetric Shared Memory Multiprocessors (2005)

With the increasing concern of the security on high performance multiprocessor enterprise servers, more and more effort is being invested into defending against various kinds of attacks. This paper proposes a security enhancement model called SENSS, that allows programs to run securely on a symmetric shared memory multiprocessor (SMP) environment. In SENSS, a program, including both code and data, is stored in the shared memory in encrypted form but is decrypted once it is fetched into any of the processors. In contrast to the traditional uniprocessor XOM model (Lie et al., 2000), the main challenge in developing SENSS lies in the necessity for guarding the clear text communication between processors in a multiprocessor environment. In this paper we propose an inexpensive solution that can effectively protect the shared bus communication. The proposed schemes include both encryption and authentication for bus transactions. We develop a scheme that utilizes the cipher block chaining mode of the advanced encryption standard (CBC-AES) to achieve ultra low latency for the shared bus encryption and decryption. In addition, CBC-AES can generate integrity checking code for the bus communication over time, achieving bus authentication. Further, we develop techniques to ensure the cryptographic computation throughput meets the high bandwidth of gigabyte buses. We performed full system simulation using Simics to measure the overhead of the security features on a SMP system with a snooping write invalidate cache coherence protocol. Overall, only a slight performance degradation of 2.03% on average was observed when the security is provided at the highest level.
An Intelligent Recommendation Model with a Case Study on u-Tour Taiwan of Historical Momuments and Cultural Heritage (2010)

Although there are many recommendation systems in use, they all face various challenges including the integration of diverse source data, improvement of prediction precision and meeting the user's satisfaction. In order to increase success rate of satisfied recommendations as well as the applications in different domain fields, we propose an Intelligent Recommendation Model and conduct a case study on the historical monuments and cultural heritage of u-Tour Taiwan to show the feasibility of our model. In this research we use a hybrid approach to combine effective techniques such as popularization-based, community filtering, demographic profiling, and expertise-based in accordance with the type of users and the amount of available data to adjust weight values. We also use association rules of data mining technique to find potential patterns in the web access log, while clustering is used to assign users into different groups suitable for them. The incremental approach of our method can calculate the ranking value of content to be more precise. Finally, Adobe Flex is used to present the recommendation result of Taiwan's 300 years of rich historical monuments and cultural heritage that provides more effective and efficient user interaction with less effort. Making full use of the valuable digital information of historical sites with our model, we hope to revitalize contemporary cultural and historical meaning that can bring people a brighter future and colorful life.
Method for removing oxides of nitrogen from gaseous mixtures. [removal of nitrogen oxides by reactive absorption] (1975)

A method is described for removing oxides of nitrogen from gaseous mixtures by contacting the gaseous mixtures with alkali manganate.
Error Propagation Framework for Diffusion Tensor Imaging via Diffusion Tensor Representations (2007)

An analytical framework of error propagation for diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is presented. Using this framework, any uncertainty of interest related to the diffusion tensor elements or to the tensor-derived quantities such as eigenvalues, eigenvectors, trace, fractional anisotropy (FA), and relative anisotropy (RA) can be analytically expressed and derived from the noisy diffusion-weighted signals. The proposed framework elucidates the underlying geometric relationship between the variability of a tensor-derived quantity and the variability of the diffusion weighted signals through the nonlinear least squares objective function of DTI. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to validate and investigate the basic statistical properties of the proposed framework.
Energy charging circuits in Bluetooth environment for smart phone (2011)

Recent mobile handhelds, e.g., Smart-phone, can be charged wirelessly using the traditional wireless communication technologies. In particular, Bluetooth with a charging circuit enables a short-range wireless charging of a mobile handheld. This paper presents an overview of power charging structures and proposes a new charging circuit based on Schottky diode with a real commercial film-type antenna on mobile terminal. Our new circuit improves the charging efficiency approximately by 160%.
Evaluation of the Toxicity of ISIS 2302, a Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide, in a 4-Week Study in CD-1 Mice (1997)

The subchronic toxicity of ISIS 2302 and ISIS 3082, phosphorothioate oligonucleotides with antisense activity against human and murine ICAM-1 mRNA, respectively, was investigated in CD-1 mice. ISIS 2302 is currently in clinical trials as an anti-inflammatory agent. Because of the differences in mRNA sequence targets between humans and mice, ISIS 2302 has no pharmacologic activity in mice. ISIS 3082 was specifically designed to inhibit murine ICAM-1 and was included in this study to evaluate the effects of prolonged ICAM-1 inhibition. The oligonucleotides were administered by bolus i.v. injection (via tail vein) every other day for 27 days (14 doses) at dose levels of 0, 0.8, 4, 20, and 100 mg/kg per injection ISIS 2302 or 20 mg/kg per injection ISIS 3082. The basic group size consisted of 10 male and 10 female mice, which were sacrificed 2 days after the last dose and an additional 5 mice per sex in vehicle control and 100 mg/kg ISIS 2302 dose groups, which remained on study for a 28-day treatment-free period. No treatment-related deaths occurred during this study, and there were no effects of either oligonucleotide on body weight gain or food consumption. The most common changes observed in this study included a mixed mononuclear cell infiltrate seen in a number of organs or tissues, splenomegaly, and lymphoid hyperplasia at dose levels of > or = 20 mg/kg ISIS 2302. In the group that received the highest dose level of ISIS 2302 (100 mg/kg), there were alterations in serum chemistry parameters that appeared to be related to perturbations in the liver, including 3- to 4-fold increases in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase and smaller changes in bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol, triglycerides, and albumin levels. Treatment-related effects on hematologic parameters were limited to the 100 mg/kg ISIS 2302 dose group and included slight monocytosis and thrombocytopenia. None of the effects observed appeared to be life threatening. Complete or partial reversal of all effects was evident in the remaining high-dose ISIS 2302 animals at the end of the 4-week recovery period. Comparison of the effects produced by the same dose level (20 mg/kg) of ISIS 2302 and ISIS 3082 did not reveal any differences that could be attributed to exaggerated pharmacology. In conclusion, treatment-related alterations were observed primarily at the 100 mg/kg dose level, including immune stimulation and hepatic alterations, which were partially reversed following a 4-week treatment-free period.
MR imaging in patients with metallic implants. (1985)

A total of 305 magnetic resonance (MR) examinations were performed in 236 patients with metallic implants. Most examinations were performed at 0.3 T. The metallic implants included central nervous system shunting devices, tantalum mesh, surgical wire, skin staples, surgical clips, metallic orthopedic devices, and a few miscellaneous metallic objects. Patients with cardiac pacemakers, electrical implants, prosthetic cardiac valves, and aneurysm clips were excluded from MR examinations. The images were reviewed for evidence of metallic artifact. The conspicuity of artifact was related to the composition, mass, orientation, and position of the metallic object in the body. In most instances, the metallic artifact did not interfere with the interpretation of the image. The patients' records were also reviewed for adverse effects noted by each patient during the MR examination. Only two patients reported discomfort that could possibly have been related to their metallic implants, but in both cases it seemed unlikely that the symptoms were actually related to the imaging process. There were no apparent short-term adverse effects demonstrated in these patients.
Development of a Mathematical Formula for the Calculation of Fingerprint Probabilities Based on Individual Characteristics (1977)

Abstract A method is developed for assigning a probability to a fingerprint, including a partial print, based on the number of individual (Galton) characteristics present. A multinomial model is used, the categories of which are the individual characteristics and combinations of them. The negative of the logarithm of the probability of any particular configuration is related to the entropy function of information theory. The parameters of the model are estimated from data (fingerprints). Confidence bounds are obtained for the negative log probability of any configuration.
Differentiation of lactic streptococcal phages into phage species by DNA-DNA homology (1984)

Twenty-five lactic streptococcal bacteriophages were differentiated by DNA homology into four species. Complete correlation was found between DNA homology groups and morphological characteristics of the phages except that two phage types, which differed in only the presence or absence of a collar, were one species by DNA homology. These findings were supported by serological data and differences in DNA molecular weights of the proposed species. The complete lack of homology between these phage species indicates that they are unlikely to have a recent common phage ancestor and that one morphological type of phage has not been derived by mutation from a phage of another morphological type.
Beta-Defensin 126 on the Cell Surface Protects Sperm from Immunorecognition and Binding of Anti-Sperm Antibodies1 (2005)

Beta-defensin 126 (DEFB126), formerly known as epididymal secretory protein 13.2 (ESP13.2), coats the entire primate sperm surface until completion of capacitation, and it is a candidate for providing immune protection in the female reproductive tract. To further examine the potential role of DEFB126 as a means of protection from immune recognition, cynomolgus macaque sperm were exposed to a number of treatments that are known to alter sperm surface coats, including capacitation. We used a novel in vivo assay to determine immune recognition: aldehyde-fixed whole sperm injections into rabbits. Following booster injections, immunoblot analyses of whole sperm prepared in various manners was conducted. On Days 60 and 80 post-initial immunization, the antisera showed a remarkably strong reaction to a single 34-36 kDa protein, which was shown to be DEFB126. Sera from rabbits that were immunized with sperm washed more rigorously using Percoll gradients showed an increase in the number and intensity of proteins recognized on whole sperm Western blots, although DEFB126 was still the major immune response. When capacitated sperm, from which most DEFB126 had been released, were used as the immunogen, there was a dramatic increase in the immune recognition to a variety of protein bands. Sperm treated with neuraminidase to remove sialic acid on DEFB126 before fixation were shown to still possess DEFB126, but lacked the sialic acid component of the glycoprotein. These sperm were as immunogenic as capacitated sperm even though the desialylated DEFB126 still covered the entire cell surface. These sperm lost their highly negative charge (the isoelectric point of DEFB126 shifted from pI 3.0 to pI 6.4). Experiments using different sperm plasma membrane protein-specific Igs showed that recognition did not occur when DEFB126 was present, but following capacitation these Igs readily recognized the exposed sperm membrane. Our data suggest that DEFB126 protects the entire primate sperm surface from immune recognition and that the sialic acid moieties are responsible for the cloaking characteristic of this unique glycoprotein.
Guidelines for physics-of-failure based accelerated stress testing (1998)

A systematic accelerated stress testing approach, based on physics-of-failure (PoF) principles is presented for the reliability assessment of an avionics electronic module. Results from this case study demonstrate that combined accelerated stress tests may produce complex synergies that can only be controlled through precise PoF assessment. The paper concludes with a set of generic guidelines to design, plan, conduct and successfully implement PoF based accelerated stress tests.
Future directions in transplantation: xenotransplantation. (1993)

Xenotransplantation would overcome the worldwide shortage of organs for transplantation. However, xenotransplantation using primate organs is unpracticable, and xenotransplantation between phylogenetically disparate species results in hyperacute rejection. This fulminant form of rejection is mediated by both naturally occurring xeno-antibodies and by direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement. The precise specificities of the xeno-antibodies are incompletely understood and better characterization of these antibodies and their target antigens is needed to allow the development of therapeutic maneuvers, such as immunoadsorption of the relevant antibodies. The direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement by xenogeneic tissue is due, at least in part, to the lack of appropriate (human) membrane bound regulators of complement on the xenogeneic cells. These regulatory molecules, called homologous restriction factors, are species specific, and act to favor inactivation of the complement cascade if the complement is of the same species. Human homologous restriction factors are capable of protecting xenogeneic cells from lysis mediated by human complement. The study of cell-mediated rejection in xenotransplantation has been largely overshadowed by hyperacute rejection. Resolution of the barriers to xenotransplantation will benefit the ever growing number of patients awaiting transplantation.
Mathematical modeling approaches in the study of glaucoma disparities among people of African and European descents (2013)

Open angle glaucoma (OAG) is a severe ocular disease characterized by progressive and irreversible vision loss. While elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a well-established risk factor for OAG, the progression of OAG in many cases, despite IOP treatment, suggests that other risk factors must play significant roles in the development of the disease. For example, various structural properties of the eye, ocular blood flow properties, and systemic conditions have been identified as risk factors for OAG. Ethnicity has also been indicated as a relevant factor that affects the incidence and prevalence of OAG; in fact, OAG is the leading cause of blindness among people of African descent. Numerous clinical studies have been designed to examine the possible correlation and causation between OAG and these factors; however, these studies are met with the challenge of isolating the individual role of multiple interconnected factors. Over the last decade, various mathematical modeling approaches have been implemented in combination with clinical studies in order to provide a mechanical and hemodynamical description of the eye in relation to the entire human body and to assess the contribution of single risk factors to the development of OAG. This review provides a summary of the clinical evidence of ocular structural differences, ocular vascular differences and systemic vascular differences among people of African and European descent, describes the mathematical approaches that have been proposed to study ocular mechanics and hemodynamics while discussing how they could be used to investigate the relevance to OAG of racial disparities, and outlines possible new directions of research.
Mutations in the type IV collagen α3 (COL4A3) gene in autosomal recessive Alport syndrome (1994)

A group of 22 unrelated patients with sporadic or non-X-linked Alport syndrome were screened for mutations in the non-collagenous domain of the type IV collagen alpha 3 (COL4A3) chain gene. The five 3'-exons of this gene, located on chromosome 2qter, were tested by single strand conformation polymorphism analysis and direct sequencing. One patient was heterozygous and another homozygous (Mochizuki et al., Nature Genetics, in press) for a deletion of five nucleotides. A third patient appeared to be a compound heterozygote for two different nonsense mutations. In two patients and the father of a deceased patient we found a heterozygous substitution of an evolutionary conserved leucine by proline. However, segregation data of the mutation and a COL4A3/COL4A4 CA-repeat marker in their families argued against a causative role of the missense mutation. Even drastic changes of strongly conserved amino acids, as in the Leu36Pro case, may not be significant. Autosomal recessive inheritance due to pathogenic COL4A3 mutations accounts for at least 13% of Alport syndrome cases in this sample. It is concluded that COL4A3 is a major gene in the genetically and clinically heterogeneous Alport syndrome.
Heterophase Polymerization (2003)

Abstract This article is an overview of heterophase polymerization techniques in liquid continuous media to prepare polymer dispersions. The common feature of heterophase polymerizations is the distinctive role that interfaces play during all stages and in all aspects of these processes. Accordingly, the heterogeneous nature and its influence on polymerization kinetics and product properties is emphasized rather than a successive treatment of various types of heterophase polymerization techniques such as suspension or emulsion polymerization. Thus, the focus is on colloid chemical and kinetic consequences of the compartmentalization during the polymerization processes.
cw CO chemical laser directly fueled by carbon monosulfide (1973)

A cw CO chemical laser has been operated with CS produced externally by a microwave discharge. Use of CS as a laser fuel produces large increases in output power, as compared with CS2, by a factor of 5.6 or more. The reasons for this power enhancement and the details of the experiment are discussed in this letter.