gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sympathoadrenal activity and obesity: physiological rationale for the use of adrenergic thermogenic drugs. (1993)

The sympathetic nervous system is a major regulator of dietary thermogenesis in laboratory animals and humans. Since a lowered metabolic rate predisposes to the development of obesity, and since caloric restriction suppresses sympathetic activity, a role for adrenergic agonists in the treatment of obesity has a well established physiological rationale. Although diminished sympathetic activity does not appear to underlie obesity in most circumstances in humans, to the extent that adrenergic agonists increase metabolic rate in the obese they may be useful as pharmacologic adjuncts to low energy diets. During caloric restriction the significant diminution in sympathetically mediated thermogenesis antagonizes weight loss; this decrease in metabolic rate may be overcome by sympathomimetic amines thereby increasing the effectiveness of low energy diets. Since smoking stimulates the sympathoadrenal system and increases thermogenesis, smoking cessation, with its attendant fall in sympathoadrenal activity and decrease in metabolic rate, fosters weight gain. Adrenergic agonists may be useful in this circumstance as well.
Electronic Image Analysis of Crop Residue Cover on Soil (1988)

ABSTRACT CLASSIFICATION procedures for using both black-and-white and color imaging systems were developed and tested for determination of percent residue cover on the soil surface from video and slide images. A spectral analysis of the image components was used for determining applicable wavelengths and filters. Color imagery provided an acceptable replacement for manual visual procedures. Black-and-white imagery also worked when appropriate blocking filters were used.
Magnetic Field Dependence of Nitrogen−Proton <i>J</i> Splittings in <sup>15</sup>N-Enriched Human Ubiquitin Resulting from Relaxation Interference and Residual Dipolar Coupling (1996)

One-bond 1JNH couplings have been measured in 15N-enriched human ubiquitin and range from 91.1 to 95.6 Hz. Measurements have been carried out using two different methods and at 1H frequencies of 360, 500, and 600 MHz. The best method yields a precision of ca 0.02 Hz, and permits reliable measurement of the small changes (<0.3 Hz) in 1JNH splitting that occur when the magnetic field strength is increased from 8.5 to 14 T. The dependence of the 1JNH splittings on the strength of the static magnetic field originates from two sources: a dynamic frequency shift caused by interference of the 15N chemical shift anisotropy and the 15N−1H dipolar coupling relaxation mechanisms, and a dipolar contribution caused by a small degree of alignment resulting from the anisotropic magnetic susceptibility of the diamagnetic protein. Best fitting of the measured data yields an orientation-independent decrease of 0.11 Hz in the 1JNH splittings at 600 MHz relative to 360 MHz, in perfect agreement with theoretical predictions for the magnitude of the dynamic frequency shift. When fitting the measured J values to the theoretical model, containing only the dynamic frequency shift and dipolar coupling contributions, the reduced error in the statistical F-test is smaller than one, assuming a 0.02 Hz rms error in the experimental 1JNH splittings. This confirms that the random error in the measured data JNH values does not exceed 0.02 Hz, and that effects other than the dipolar coupling and dynamic frequency shift are not detectable. Dependence of the change in 1JNH on the orientation of the N−H bond vector within the molecular frame yields experimentally determined axial and rhombic magnetic shielding susceptibility anisotropies of −2.1 × 10-28 and 0.7 × 10-28 cm3/molecule, respectively. A small improvement of the fit is observed when the amide proton is positioned at a distance above or below the C‘i-1−Ni−Cαi plane which is about five times smaller than the out-of-plane distance predicted by ab initio calculations on a dipeptide analog in vacuum.
Design of GSM/DCS dual-band bulk acoustic wave coupled resonator filter with unified input (2011)

This work presents the design methodologies and simulation results of a GSM900/DCS1800 dual-band filter based on bulk acoustic wave coupled resonator filter (BAW CRF) technology. The dual-band filter is featured with a unified input port, thus eliminating the need for a RF switch to route the GSM/DCS receiver signals in a GSM/DCS handset. The filter has the ability to deliver a single-ended to differential response and 50 Ohm to 150 Ohm impedance transformation at both GSM and DCS bands. One-dimensional Mason model has been built to predict the behaviours of the filter over large frequency range. Some novel approaches to deal with the coupling layer capacitance to achieve desirable specifications such as fast roll-off and good amplitude/phase imbalances are proposed in this paper.
Doped Polyaniline for Gas Sensors for the Detection of Formaldehyde (2011)

Formaldehyde is one of the main gases that contribute to poor indoor air quality since it is so widely used in the manufacturing of goods. Over time, formaldehyde leaches out of various materials and reduces the quality of air. Formaldehyde, even at very low concentrations, can cause respiratory problems and a general feeling of unwellness. The World Health Organization (WHO) states that formaldehyde exposure should not exceed 0.08 ppm over a 30 minute period. Therefore, formaldehyde sensors are needed to ensure optimal indoor air quality.\n\n\tPolyaniline (PANI), as well as PANI doped with NiO or NiO and Al2O3, were tested to determine their suitability as sensing materials for formaldehyde. It was found that at higher concentrations of formaldehyde (above 1 ppm), PANI doped with 5% NiO and 15% Al2O3 was the most suitable sensing material with respect to both sensitivity and selectivity. At lower concentrations (below 1 ppm), however, PANI doped with 5% NiO and 15% Al2O3 did not detect formaldehyde. PANI doped with 15% NiO only was a much better option since it was able to detect the highest concentration of formaldehyde at very low concentrations (0.09 ppm) and still have moderate selectivity.\n\n\tA special test system was designed that could test single or multiple gases at various concentrations. Ethanol, acetaldehyde and benzene were chosen as interferents for formaldehyde and nitrogen was used to dilute the gases to achieve lower concentrations. A specialized gas chromatograph (GC) was used to determine the amount of gas or analyte that interacted with the sensing material being tested. \n\n\tReplicate polymer samples of varying dopant concentrations were tested with different gases at different concentrations and statistically analyzed. Both sensitivity and selectivity towards formaldehyde was taken into consideration. Among all tests conducted with single and multiple gases, it was concluded that PANI doped with 5% NiO and 15% Al2O3 was the best sensing material at high concentrations of formaldehyde (above 1 ppm), whereas PANI doped with 15% NiO was the best sensing material at low concentrations (below 1 ppm).
Design and Fabrication of Streptavidin-Functionalized, Fluorescently Labeled Polymeric Nanocarriers (2018)

Targeted drug delivery has great potential for improving therapeutic outcomes for many diseases. Polymeric nanocarriers can improve the targeted delivery of insoluble and toxic drugs but, to achieve this, it is important to tailor the particle properties. In this study, nanoparticles comprised of poly(ethylene oxide)- b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PEO- b-PDLLA) were made by flash nanoprecipitation while varying the compositions of the additives poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), a fluorophore 6,13-bis(triisopropylsylylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene, and poly(acrylic acid)- b-poly(d,l-lactic acid) (PAA- b-PDLLA) to characterize their effects on size, ζ potential, fluorescence, and surface functionalization. The particle size was readily increased by addition of PLLA homopolymer up to ∼40 wt % without significant change to the ζ potential. The maximum nanoparticle fluorescence was at 0.5 wt % TIPS based on the PDLLA core and exhibited quenching that could be described by Förster resonant energy transfer. The cores of the particles were coupled with streptavidin through 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide coupling chemistry. Even without the added carboxylate groups from the PAA, the base PEO- b-PDLLA nanoparticles were conjugated with streptavidin at comparable levels while retaining the functionality of streptavidin for further biotinylated ligand binding.
Cyclooxygenase 2 Plays a Pivotal Role in the Resolution of Acute Lung Injury (2005)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe illness with excess mortality and no specific therapy. In its early exudative phase, neutrophil activation and accumulation in the lung lead to hypoxemia, widespread tissue damage, and respiratory failure. In clinical trials, inhibition of proinflammatory mediators has not proven effective. In this study, we pursued a new investigative strategy that emphasizes mediators promoting resolution from lung injury. A new spontaneously resolving experimental murine model of ALI from acid aspiration was developed to identify endogenous proresolving mechanisms. ALI increased cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) expression in murine lung. Selective pharmacologic inhibition or gene disruption of COX-2 blocked resolution of ALI. COX-2-derived products increased levels of the proresolving lipid mediators lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and, in the presence of aspirin, 15-epi-LXA4. Both LXA4 and 15-epi-LXA4 interact with the LXA4 receptor (ALX) to mediate anti-inflammatory actions. ALX expression was markedly induced by acid injury and transgenic mice with increased ALX expression displayed dramatic protection from ALI. Together, these findings indicate a protective role in ALI for COX-2-derived mediators, in part via enhanced lipoxin signaling, and carry potential therapeutic implications for this devastating clinical disorder.
Efficient block size based polling scheme for IEEE 802.lle Wireless LANs (2005)

In the recent draft of the 802.11e MAC (2004), the hybrid coordinator (HC) gives transmission opportunity (TXOP) for a station to transmit burst frames for improving throughput efficiency. To use this block ack mechanism efficiently, the relationship of throughput and relative parameters is analyzed, and the throughput efficient condition is evaluated [Il-Gu Lee et al., 2004]. In this paper, we proposed an efficient block size based polling scheme using an adaptive algorithm to improve the aggregate throughput and to reduce the polling overheads without degrading throughput and delay.
Hypothalamic Ahi1 Mediates Feeding Behavior through Interaction with 5-HT2C Receptor (2011)

It is indicated that there are important molecules interacting with brain nervous systems to regulate feeding and energy balance by influencing the signaling pathways of these systems, but relatively few of the critical players have been identified. In the present study, we provide the evidence for the role of Abelson helper integration site 1 (Ahi1) protein as a mediator of feeding behavior through interaction with serotonin receptor 2C (5-HT(2C)R), known for its critical role in feeding and appetite control. First, we demonstrated the co-localization and interaction between hypothalamic Ahi1 and 5-HT(2C)R. Ahi1 promoted the degradation of 5-HT(2C)R through the lysosomal pathway. Then, we investigated the effects of fasting on the expression of hypothalamic Ahi1 and 5-HT(2C)R. Fasting resulted in an increased Ahi1 expression and a concomitant decreased expression of 5-HT(2C)R. Knockdown of hypothalamic Ahi1 led to a concomitant increased expression of 5-HT(2C)R and a decrease of food intake and body weight. Last, we found that Ahi1 could regulate the expression of neuropeptide Y and proopiomelanocortin. Taken together, our results indicate that Ahi1 mediates feeding behavior by interacting with 5-HT(2C)R to modulate the serotonin signaling pathway.
An analytical approach for performance evaluation of partial response systems in the presence of signal-dependent medium noise (2003)

An analytical approach is used for performance evaluation of different partial response systems in the presence of signal-dependent noise. The signal-dependent noise is modeled by the decomposition of medium noise into peak jitter and pulse width fluctuation. The computation technique takes into account all factors that affect the error rate, such as the distance and multiplicity of an error event, the equalization error and the effect of coding schemes. It provides a fast and accurate performance estimation at an arbitrary error rate, avoiding the time consuming simulation approach.
Low-pressure reservoir drilled with air/N[sub 2] in a closed system (1994)

Ignition tests on simulated produced fluids helped determine the ideal air/nitrogen mixture for an underbalanced drilling operation that used a closed surface system to process return fluids. The low-pressure, heavy-oil target reservoir required underbalanced drilling to minimize formation damage. Underbalanced or near-balanced drilling can improve production from pressure-depleted reservoirs by reducing the chance of formation damage from drilling fluid losses. Underbalanced drilling technology currently available includes the use of gas injection through parasite strings or through drilling tubulars. No one (to the author's knowledge) has combined concentric-string commingled gas injection with through-drilling-tubular commingled gas injection. The paper describes lab work, test results, surface returns, downhole design, operations, and field results.
Extreme hydrops fetalis and cardiovascular abnormalities in mice lacking a functional Adrenomedullin gene (2001)

Adrenomedullin, a recently identified potent vasodilator, is expressed widely and has been suggested to have functions ranging from reproduction to blood pressure regulation. To elucidate these functions and define more precisely sites of Adm expression, we replaced the coding region of the Adm gene in mice with a sequence encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein while leaving the Adm promoter intact. We find that Adm(-/-) embryos die at midgestation with extreme hydrops fetalis and cardiovascular abnormalities, including overdeveloped ventricular trabeculae and underdeveloped arterial walls. These data suggest that genetically determined absence of Adm may be one cause of nonimmune hydrops fetalis in humans.
Experimental results for a Successive Detection Log Video Amplifier in a single-chip frequency synthesized radio frequency spectrum analyzer (2009)

The scarcity of available frequency spectrum continues to motivate the development of new radio systems capable of adapting to local conditions. One approach to identifying available frequency spectrum is to employ an on-chip radio-frequency spectrum analyzer. In particular, the present article addresses the design of an experimental successive detection log video amplifier (SDLVA) to generate logarithmic output in a frequency-synthesized single-chip spectrum analyzer. The SDLVA design includes feedback compensation for DC offset error, and is tailored to accommodate the zero-IF architecture of the spectrum analyzer without the need for large off-chip capacitors. The SDLVA was designed and fabricated in 0.5 micron CMOS. Experimental results for the SDLVA are presented showing approximately 40 dB dynamic range. Results are also given for the overall spectrum analyzer integrated circuit showing SDLVA operation for a 200 MHz spectral sweep.
Automated Visual Inspection of Solder Bumps (1988)

This paper describes a computer vision technique for automated inspection of solder bumps on leadless chip carriers and metallized wafers for advanced VLSI (very-large-scale integration) packaging. It is based on high-contrast imaging of soldered surfaces against a reflective background using dark-field illumination for selective enhancement of surface topography. A bright-field image is also used for resolving ambiguities in image understanding. Gray-scale images are analyzed using vision algorithms to detect topographic discontinuities of soldered surfaces and to identify solder-bump defects.
Autocrine signaling based selection of combinatorial antibodies that transdifferentiate human stem cells (2013)

We report here the generation of antibody agonists from intracellular combinatorial libraries that transdifferentiate human stem cells. Antibodies that are agonists for the granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor were selected from intracellular libraries on the basis of their ability to activate signaling pathways in reporter cells. We used a specialized "near neighbor" approach in which the entire antibody library and its target receptor are cointegrated into the plasma membranes of a population of reporter cells. This format favors unusual interactions between receptors and their protein ligands and ensures that the antibody acts in an autocrine manner on the cells that produce it. Unlike the natural granulocyte-colony stimulating factor that activates cells to differentiate along a predetermined pathway, the isolated agonist antibodies transdifferentiated human myeloid lineage CD34+ bone marrow cells into neural progenitors. This transdifferentiation by agonist antibodies is different from more commonly used methods because initiation is agenetic. Antibodies that act at the plasma membrane may have therapeutic potential as agents that transdifferentiate autologous cells.
Fully Hand-and-Finger-Aware Smartphone Interaction (2018)

Touchscreens enable intuitive interaction through a combination of input and output. Despite the advantages, touch input on smartphones still poses major challenges that impact the usability. Amongst others, this includes the fat-finger problem, reachability challenges and the lack of shortcuts. To address these challenges, I explore interaction methods for smartphones that extend the input space beyond single taps and swipes on the touchscreen. This includes interacting with different fingers and parts of the hand driven by machine learning and raw capacitive data of the full interacting hand. My contribution is further broadened by the development of smartphone prototypes with full on-device touch sensing capability and an understanding of the physiological limitations of the human hand to inform the design of fully hand-and-finger-aware interaction.
Mechanisms of Mudcake Removal During Flowback (2001)

Summary External filter cakes are used to minimize fluid loss and solids invasion to a formation from drilling and completion fluids. Subsequently, the cake must be removed to increase the flow area and minimize skins, especially for openhole and gravel-packed completions in horizontal and deviated wells. Experimental data is presented to show that the pressure required to initiate flow into the wellbore after building up a filter cake is affected by rock permeability; mud properties, such as particle size and cake yield strength; flowback velocity; and overbalance pressure. Mudcake liftoff tests, mud particle size, and rock pore-throat size distribution measurements were performed to understand the factors that contribute to cake removal. The mechanisms that control filter-cake removal are discussed. In this study, it is clearly shown that the flow-initiation pressure during flowback is controlled by solids and filtrate invasion (i.e., internal formation damage rather than by the external mudcake). Flow-initiation pressures show a minimum with increasing rock permeability caused by two competing effects. Larger pore sizes result in smaller flow-initiation pressures, ΔPfi; however, more solids invasion increases ΔPfi. Higher overbalance pressures also increase the internal formation damage and flow-initiation pressure. A simple model to calculate the flow-initiation pressure during flowback is proposed. The model correctly predicts the experimentally observed trends with rock permeability, mud particle size distribution, extent of solids invasion, and yield strength of the mudcake. The model provides a systematic method for designing fluids with low flow-initiation pressures. It is also shown in this study that low flow-initiation pressures do not imply complete cake removal. Cake removal is primarily controlled by the permeability of the cake and its mechanical properties.
Dispersive white light interferometry for 3D inspection of thin film layers of flat panel displays (2007)

Emerging possibility of applying white-light interferometry to the area of thin-film metrology is addressed. Emphasis is given to explaining underlying spectrally-resolved interferometric principles of white-light interferometry for measuring the top surface profile as well as the thickness of thin-film layers, which enables one to reconstruct the complete 3-D tomographical view of the target surface coated with thin-film layers. Actual measurement results demonstrate that white-light interferometry in either scanning or dispersive scheme is found well suited for high speed 3-D inspection of dielectric thin-film layers deposited on semiconductor or glass substrates.
A Laser Stimulator for the Study of Cutaneous Thermal and Pain Sensations (1976)

A laser thermal stimulator system is described which enables the psychophysical and neurophysiological study of cutaneous thermal and pain sensations by means of a non-contact, precise stimulator. A carbon dioxide laser is used as the heat source with closed loop control of skin temperature via a sophisticated radiometer. Temperature steps of 0.1°C to 25°C have been achieved with rise rates of greater than 30°C/second. The temperature can be maintained to better than ±0.1°C over pulse durations of 0.3 seconds to 20 seconds.
Experimental Characterization and Modeling of RF Jamming Attacks on VANETs (2014)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of 802.11p-based vehicular communications in the presence of radio frequency (RF) jamming attacks. Specifically, we characterize the transmission success rate of a car-to-car link subject to constant, periodic, and reactive RF jamming. First, we conduct extensive measurements in an anechoic chamber, where we study the benefits of built-in techniques for interference mitigation. In addition, we identify that the periodic transmission of preamble-like jamming signals can hinder successful communication despite being up to five orders of magnitude weaker than the signal of interest. We further provide the rationale behind this remarkably high jamming effectiveness. Additionally, we quantify the impact of reaction delay and interference signal length on the effectiveness of the reactive jammer. Then, by means of outdoor measurements, we evaluate the suitability of using the indoor measurements as a model to characterize the performance of car-to-car communications in the presence of RF jamming. Finally, we conduct outdoor measurements emulating a vehicular platoon and study the threats that RF jamming poses to this vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) application. We observe that constant, periodic, but also reactive jamming can hinder communication over large propagation areas, which would threaten road safety.
Inhibition of dopamine beta-oxidase in vivo by benzyloxyamine and benzylhydrazine analogs. (1963)

Procedures have been developed for evaluating effects of dopamine β-oxidase inhibitors in vivo. Benzyloxyamine and some ring substituted analogues were found to be effective in vivo inhibitors in these test systems. However, only one of these agents produced even measurable effects on endogenous norepinephrine levels in guinea-pig tissues.