gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Location privacy in ubiquitous computing (2021)

The field of ubiquitous computing envisages an era when the average consumer owns hundreds or thousands of mobile and embedded computing devices. These devices will perform actions based on the context of their users, and therefore ubiquitous systems will gather, collate and distribute much more personal information about individuals than computers do today. Much of this personal information will be considered private, and therefore mechanisms which allow users to control the dissemination of these data are vital. Location information is a particularly useful form of context in ubiquitous computing, yet its unconditional distribution can be very invasive. This dissertation develops novel methods for providing location privacy in ubiquitous computing. Much of the previous work in this area uses access control to enable location privacy. This dissertation takes a different approach and argues that many location-aware applications can function with anonymised location data and that, where this is possible, its use is preferable to that of access control. Suitable anonymisation of location data is not a trivial task: under a realistic threat model simply removing explicit identifiers does not anonymise location information. This dissertation describes why this is the case and develops two quantitative security models for anonymising location data: the mix zone model and the variable quality model. A trusted third-party can use one, or both, models to ensure that all location events given to untrusted applications are suitably anonymised. The mix zone model supports untrusted applications which require accurate location information about users in a set of disjoint physical locations. In contrast, the variable quality model reduces the temporal or spatial accuracy of location information to maintain user anonymity at every location. Both models provide a quantitative measure of the level of anonymity achieved; therefore any given situation can be analysed to determine the amount of information an attacker can gain through analysis of the anonymised data. The suitability of both these models is demonstrated and the level of location privacy available to users of real location-aware applications is measured.
Recent advances in conditional cell immortalization technology (2016)

Gene-modified cell therapies are transforming medicine. Over the last 18 months, notable clinical successes using antigen-targeting cellular immunotherapies have been achieved. However, another kind of gene modification has significant potential for the cell therapy industry. The development of fully controllable transgenes has enabled the creation of conditionally immortalized cells that can be expanded to clinical quantities in a stable and consistent fashion, yet can be returned to a normal, non-dividing state for therapeutic delivery to the patient. In this article, we discuss some of the key technologies that have been used to create conditionally immortalized cells for clinical development.
Padding Chunk and Parameter for the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) (2007)

This document defines a padding chunk and a padding parameter and
describes the required receiver side procedures. The padding chunk is
used to pad a Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) packet to an
arbitrary size. The padding parameter is used to pad an SCTP INIT
chunk to an arbitrary size. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
The calcium paradox revisited An artefact of great heuristic value (2000)

The 1967 paper by Zimmerman et al. [1] is a sequel to one published in the previous year [2] in which Ariaen Zimmerman and Willem Hulsmann had described an artefact produced on an isolated rat heart preparation. It is exceptional that an artefact receives so much attention and is not forgotten three decades later. The observation they made is that, when an isolated heart is perfused for 2 min with a Ca2+ free, otherwise normal Krebs-Henseleit buffer and then with buffer containing a physiological Ca2+ concentration, it rapidly deteriorates. Massive enzyme release occurs and the heart becomes pale due to myoglobin loss. The 1967 paper demonstrates that these changes are accompanied with dramatic alterations of myocardial ultrastructure, i.e. membrane disruption, myofibrillar hypercontracture and mitochondrial damage. The discoverers named this impressive artefact ‘calcium paradox’. Since the original description this phenomenon has fascinated hundreds of researchers, with the highest research activity in the 1980s. This brief review is an attempt to explain 33 years after the original description the main reasons for this long-lasting fascination. It is not intended to duplicate previous scientific reviews [3–6].

In the 1970s and 1980s the pathophysiological importance of calcium for the heart was in the centre of scientific awareness. The calcium paradox was soon regarded as a paradigm in this area of research as it became clear that repletion of the once Ca2+ depleted heart leads to massive Ca2+ influx into the myocardial cells, a phenomenon also observed in other situations of severe myocardial cell injury. In particular, it was a widely accepted hypothesis that the calcium paradox represents a paradigm for the pathomechanism of severe ischemia-reperfusion injury. In the words of Albrecht Fleckenstein [7]: “Certainly, with restoring the blood perfusion of the previous ischemic region, an unlimited Ca2+ …
The Limits of Mathematics---Tutorial Version (1995)

The latest in a series of reports presenting the information-theoretic incompleteness theorems of algorithmic information theory via algorithms written in specially designed versions of LISP. Previously in this LISP code only one-character identifiers were allowed, and arithmetic had to be programmed out. Now identifiers can be many characters long, and arithmetic with arbitrarily large unsigned decimal integers is built in. This and many other changes in the software have made this material much easier to understand and to use.
An analysis of coherent integration and its application to signal detection (1957)

An important characteristic of coherent integrators is that their effective bandwidth decreases as the integration time increases. If it is only known that a weak signal occurs somewhere in a given frequency range, then the number of integration channels required to cover the specified range increases as the amount of coherent integration is increased. However, each integration channel can independently cause a false alarm, although only the particular channel in which the signal appears can cause a true alarm. The question arises therefore whether it is profitable to lengthen the coherent integration period to increase the signal-to-noise ratio when doing so requires an increase in the number of integration channels. This problem is investigated analytically. Numerical results appropriate for system design are presented as a series of graphs of missed-signal probability vs number of integration channels, with initial signal-to-noise ratio and over-all false alarm probability as parameters. Also included is a detailed analysis of statistical properties of ideal and approximate ideal coherent integrators.
Evaluation of Particle Bounce in Various Collection Substrates to be Used as Vaporizer in Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (2015)

The determination of the collection efficiency (CE) of particles during transport, vaporization, and ionization in the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), which uses vaporizer to evaporate non-refractory particles with subsequent ionization, is important for accurately quantifying the concentrations of chemical constituents. Particle bounce in the vaporizer can be considered as one of the most important parameters influencing the CE of particles. Substrates with various shapes (flat, cylindrical, reverse-conical, cup, trapezoidal, and reverse-T), materials (stainless steel, copper, tungsten, and molybdenum), pores with average sizes of 0.2, 1, 5, 20, and 100 μm, and mesh with a size of 79 μm, which can be a possible candidate for the vaporizer in the AMS, were constructed. Bounce fractions of sub-micrometer particles (polystyrene latex, oleic acid, and dioctyl phthalate) were determined using the differential mobility analyzer (DMA)-impactor technique under a constant impact velocity. For the porous substrate, the particle bounce fraction significantly decreased with increasing pore size and porosity, but there was an upper limit for the pore size above which the particle bounce fraction no longer decreased significantly (i.e., the rebounded particles successfully escaped from the pores). The mesh substrate also had a lower particle bounce fraction than the flat substrate. Among the tested materials, the copper substrate having the lowest hardness and elasticity had the lowest particle bounce fraction. In addition, the reverse-T shape substrate having more available surfaces for particle entrapment led to the reduction of particle bounce fraction. In terms of phase, the liquid particles had lower particle bounce fractions than the solid particles. Our results suggest that the vaporizer in the AMS should provide traps for multiple collisions of the rebounding particles with an appropriate porosity or mesh and should be made of low-hardness materials to minimize particle bounce.Copyright 2015 American Association for Aerosol Research
Ferromagnetism in LaFeO <sub>3</sub> -LaCrO <sub>3</sub> Superlattices (1998)

Ferromagnetic spin order has been realized in the LaCrO3-LaFeO3 superlattices. Ferromagnetic coupling between Fe3+ and Cr3+ through oxygen has long been expected on the basis of Anderson, Goodenough, and Kanamori rules. Despite many studies of Fe-O-Cr-based compounds, random positioning of Fe3+ and Cr3+ ions has frustrated the observation of ferromagnetic properties. By creating artificial superlattices of Fe3+ and Cr3+ layer along the [111] direction, ferromagnetic ordering has been achieved.
Pressure Based Sensing Approach for Front Impacts (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study demonstrates the use of pressure sensing technology to predict the crash severity of frontal impacts. It presents an investigation of the pressure change in the front structural elements (bumper, crush cans, rails) during crash events. A series of subsystem tests were conducted in the laboratory that represent a typical frontal crash development series and provided empirical data to support the analysis of the concept.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The pressure signal energy at different sensor mounting locations was studied and design concepts were developed for amplifying the pressure signal. In addition, a pressure signal processing methodology was developed that relies on the analysis of the air flow behavior by normalizing and integrating the pressure changes. The processed signal from the pressure sensor is combined with the restraint control module (RCM) signals to define the crash severity, discriminate between the frontal crash modes and deploy the required restraint devices.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">A parametric analysis was conducted to study the sensitivity of the factors that might affect the pressure signal. The results demonstrate that the material, thickness, geometry, openings and energy absorbing material are parameters that should be analyzed and optimized.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Improved pressure signals were demonstrated by new system design concepts. The concept of these designs relies on the fluid analysis of air flow in converged, diverged and converged-diverged control volumes and its interface with the dynamic deformation of the surrounding structure. The initial subsystem test data for these designs showed potential for improvement in the signals and the overall system performance.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">This study demonstrates that front pressure sensing concepts have the potential to improve overall system performance. However, more analysis on vehicle level crash testing is needed and algorithms that utilize such concepts are required.</div></div>
Modulated structures in melilites. (2002)

Many studies on melilite group have been carried out in these two decades, and two significant features of the materials have been clarified so far. A number of descriptive and synthetic studies of melilite group have revealed that the compounds are highly tolerant of accommodating various combinations of elements in the structure. Another feature is the incommensurate structure-modulation found in melilites containing Ca as a major element. Structural studies with X-ray diffraction data and a treatment in the five-dimensional space clarified that formation and ordered arrangements of the six-coordinated Ca atoms play an important role to stabilize the long-range order in the modulated structures.
A Case Study of School Administrators’ Information Literacy (2012)

An investigation on the present situation of school administrators' information literacy in Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture was carried out from information consciousness, information competence and information morality.The analysis on the investigation data was made. This paper afforded a referenced gist for information literacy education.
ADS-B over SatelliteThe world’s first ADS-B receiver in Space (2014)

More efficient use of airspace and flight routes as well as more economic flight
trajectories require to extend controlled airspace to regions, for which ground based surveillance cannot be applied. In this paper the world's first in-orbit demonstration for space based ADS-B surveillance is presented, hosted on the ESA satellite PROBA-V.
[Expression and function of zinc ribbon gene ZNRD1 in drug-resistant gastric cancer cells]. (2003)

ZNRD1 gene displays high expression in VCR resistant gastric cancer cells. Expression of ZNRD1 protein is effectively blocked in anti ZNRD1-SGC7901/VCR cells by gene transfection. ZNRD1 antisense nucleic acid could reverse, to some degree, the MDR of human drug-resistant gastric cancer cell SGC7901/VCR.
Frequency Synthesis Tuning Systems With Automatic Offset Tuning (1978)

This paper describes a new closed-loop tuning system utilizing custom large scale integrated circuits to control the selection of the 82 U.S. television channels. The system is designed to minimize hardware but yet support multiple user features. No frequency adjustment or prealignment is needed for operation. A crystal frequency reference is continually used on each channel, but full compatibility with automatic fine tuning is maintained to cope with transmitters operating off FCC assigned frequencies. Channel selection is easily remoted and is either by digital keyboard or by up-down scan of a user selected list of channels stored in non-volatile digital memory. Channel number display is either on screen with time of day or off screen using a digital display.
Lectin‐based electrophoretic analysis of the expression of the 35 kDa inter‐α‐trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 fragment in sera of patients with five different malignancies (2008)

A 35 kDa glycoprotein whose abundance was previously demonstrated to be enhanced in sera of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma (n = 12), was isolated from pooled sera of three of the cancer patients using champedak galactose-binding lectin affinity chromatography in the present study. Subjecting it to 2-DE and MS/MS, the glycoprotein was identified as the O-glycosylated fragment of inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain H4 (ITIH4). When compared to control sera (n = 17), expression of the 35 kDa ITIH4 cleavage fragment was demonstrated to be significantly enhanced in sera of patients with breast carcinoma (n = 10), epithelial ovarian carcinoma (n = 10), and germ cell ovarian carcinoma (n = 10) but not in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (n = 13) and osteosarcoma (n = 7). The lectin-based electrophoretic bioanalytical method adopted in the present study may be used to assess the physiological relevance of ITIH4 fragmentation and its correlation with different malignancies, their stages and progression.
A Low-Noise Estimator of Angular Speed and Acceleration from Shaft Encoder Measurements (2001)

In the field of robotics and automation, the main objective of motion control is to guarantee accurate tracking of position or speed trajectories characterized by large harmonic content. In order to achieve this purpose, a cascade structure for the controller is usually adopted. This architecture is constituted by »nested« control loops: the outer position and speed control loops and the inner »effort« control loop [1, 2]. The outer loops mainly deal with the mechanical part of the plant, while the inner loop controls the actuator producing the effort which »moves« the system (generally an electric motor which produces torque). It is well known that the action yielded by these controllers can be split in two main parts: the feedforward one and the feedback one. The former is based on the »inversion« of the nominal dynamical model of the plant and mainly determines a fast response to reference variations. The latter is based on measurements and should make the tracking performance robust with respect to all the non-idealities, as parameter uncertainties and unexpected loads. Since the model of the controlled system and the knowledge of external loads are often quite rough, the tracking performances are essentially related to the feedback control characteristics. In order to obtain feedback controllers with wide bandwidth (i.e.
Epitaxial Growth of CaF<sub>2</sub>/Si/CaF<sub>2</sub> on Si(111) (1994)

High quality CaF 2 /Si/CaF 2 /Si(111) structures have been grown epitaxially by molecular beam epitaxy and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. High crystalline quality CaF 2 layers are achieved when the thickness of the middle Si layer is small. The films degrade if the thickness of the Si layer exceeds 10 nm. The epitaxial orientations of the two CaF 2 layers can be identical or azimuthally rotated 180 degrees with respect to each other, depending on how the middle Si film is deposited.
Experimental Evidence of Two-Photon Transition without Doppler Broadening (1974)

Experiments on the $3S\ensuremath{-}5S$ two-photon transition in sodium give evidence that Doppler broadening is eliminated if the atom absorbs two photons propagating in opposite directions. The proof is given by the comparison of the two-photon absorption line shape in traveling and standing waves.
Alternatives to the Gravimetric Method for Quantification of Diesel Particulate Matter near the Lower Level of Detection (2010)

This paper is part of the Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association's 2010 special issue on combustion aerosol measurements. The issue is a combination of papers that synthesize and evaluate ideas and perspectives that were presented by experts at a series of workshops sponsored by the Coordinating Research Council that aimed to evaluate the current and future status of diesel particulate matter (DPM) measurement. Measurement of DPM is a complex issue with many stakeholders, including air quality management and enforcement agencies, engine manufacturers, health experts, and climatologists. Adoption of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2007 heavy-duty engine DPM standards posed a unique challenge to engine manufacturers. The new standards reduced DPM emissions to the point that improvements to the gravimetric method were required to increase the accuracy and the sensitivity of the measurement. Despite these improvements, the method still has shortcomings. The objectives of this paper are to review the physical and chemical properties of DPM that make gravimetric measurement difficult at very low concentrations and to review alternative metrics and methods that are potentially more accurate, sensitive, and specific. Particle volatility, size, surface area, and number metrics are considered, as well as methods to quantify them. Although the authors believe that an alternative method is required to meet the needs of engine manufacturers, the methods reviewed in the paper are applicable to other areas where the gravimetric method detection limit is approached and greater accuracy and sensitivity are required. The paper concludes by suggesting a method to measure active surface area, combined with a method to separate semi-volatile and solid fractions to further increase the specificity of the measurement, has potential for reducing the lower detection limit of DPM and enabling engine manufacturers to reduce DPM emissions in the future.
Radio-Frequency-Identification Technique Opens and Closes Sliding Sleeves Remotely (2012)

This article, written by Editorial Manager Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 153834, ’Interventionless Completions for Unconventional Shale Plays,’ by Jane Mason, SPE, John Tough, Paul Day, SPE, and Shirley Hatton, Petrowell, prepared for the 2012 SPE Middle East Unconventional Gas Conference and Exhibition, Abu Dhabi, 23-25 January. The paper has not been peer reviewed. To simplify the process of multiple fracturing operations, a new approach has been designed that uses radio-frequency-identification (RFID) techniques to operate sliding sleeves remotely. The number of sleeves that can be run in a well using this technology is essentially unlimited, each having the same identification and a unique electronic address that allows it to be operated remotely at will. This approach makes considerably more zones available for treatment without coiled-tubing or wireline physical intervention and, thereby, speeds the operations. RFID-Technology Overview RFID technology will be familiar as the basis of toll-road tags for identification of one’s car—the tag in one’s vehicle contains a microchip that positively identifies it and triggers a toll charge. This same microchip system (Fig. 1) can be used to trigger a downhole tool that has an embedded antenna that picks up the coded signal in the chip as it is pumped down the hole. RFID’s method of data transfer and adaptability permit widespread application in a downhole environment. It is a close-proximity means of transferring data; no direct line of sight is required, and it works by using at least two devices—a reader and tag. The devices are paired and able to recognize each other through the transmission of radio waves; a tag is coded with relevant information that can be read as it passes an RFID reader. The term “close proximity” is relative. Tags are read from 100 m in the airline industry, where readers are able to use vast amounts of power. In contrast, the distance would be reduced to 6–12 in. in the oil industry, demanding far less power downhole. The tag, which contains an electronic circuit (transponder), is programmed with specific information, and, when it approaches the reader, the radio-frequency field generated by the reader powers up the tag, causing it to transmit its data continuously by pulsing the radio frequency. The data are then captured by the reader and processed. Because the tag is so small, it allows great freedom of movement, and there is no need for direct contact for both devices, which results in a high level of convenience and flexibility. Some of the other advantages of RFID are Tags can be hidden or embedded in nonmetallic materials. No line of sight is required. Its contactless nature limits wear and tear. Tags can be read even if they are covered with dirt or submerged. Unalterable permanent serial code prevents tampering.
An overview of basic techniques behind scalable video coding (2004)

The recent research activities on scalable video coding have set the base for a future video coding standard that will enable efficient serving of various demands without the need for transcoding. This work aims to provide an overview of basic techniques behind scalable coding.
Single-layer Molybdenum disulfide photodetectors (2012)

Projecte realitzat mitjancant programa de mobilitat. Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne