gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging techniques in biomaterials : digital image processing applied to orthopaedic and dental implants (1994)

Preface. Fundamentals of image processing and analysis (A.J.C. Campilho). Visualization techniques for 3-D medical images (D. Vandermeulen, P. Suetens, G. Marchal). Digital analysis of SEM images for materials characterization and interface/surface studies of biological materials (C.P.M. de Sa). Scanning imaging techniques (SEM, Auger, X-ray mapping) applied to biomaterials surfaces (D. Muster, A. Mosser, M. Romeo). Surface characterisation of biomaterials and imaging of adsorbed molecules using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and ,Scanning force microscopy (SFM) (P. Descouts et al.). Advances in biomaterials related to progress in imaging techniques (G.W. Hastings). Processing interference microscopy images in the analysis of cell translocation and intracellular motility (G.A. Dunn). Image processing techniques for the study of muscular biopsies (C. Gabbi, A. Merolli, P. Tranquilli Leah). Microscopic methods of special relevance to the examination of bone and the implant interface (A. Boyde, L.A. Wolfe, S.J. Jones). Image processing techniques for the study of bone (A. Merolli, P. Tranquilli Leah. 0. Palmacci). Three-dimensional quantification of cancellous bone structure (A. Odgaard). Application of acoustic microscopy to bone and biomaterials evaluation (A. Meunier. J.L. Katz). Image processing techniques in orthopaedic clinical practice (P. Tranquilli Leali, A. Merolli, F. Cortese). Computer aided densitometric image analysis (CADIA) of X-ray films related to bone remodeling with total hip arthroplasty (A. Toni et al.). From X-rays to quantitative computed tomography in experimental orthopaedic research: qualitative and quantitative data analysis (J. Cordey et al.). Application of radiographic image reconstruction and simulation analysis for preoperative planning in 'mint reconstructive surgery (E.Y.S. Chao, M.J. Vanderploeg). Fundamentals of thermoelasticity spate 9000 technique (R. Bourgois, L. Reymen). Application of thermoelasticity to orthopaedic implants - case study: pelvis (R. Bourgois, L. Reymen). Application of non-invasive techniques in the determination of fracture callus property and bone strength (E.Y.S. Chao et al.). Quantitative analysis of the histological reactions at the interface and the surrounding bone tissue following the implantation of hip endoprostheses (M. Hahn). Dynamic optical pedobarography in diabetic foot problems (L. Serra, M.B. Serra, M.H. Cardoso). Image processing techniques for measuring back surface asymmetry in scoliotic patients (A. Merolli, P. Tranquil]] Leali, P.L. Guidi). Maximum functional occlusion in molars with a computer integrated scan/CAD/CAM-system (J.M. van der Zel). List of participants.
Human Motion Tracking for Assisting Balance Training and Control of a Humanoid Robot (2012)

Abstract\nThis project illustrates the use of the human's ability to balance according to his center of gravity as demonstrated in two applications. The center of gravity of a human is explained in detail in order to use it in controlling the Aldebaran NAO robot and in the robot-assisted balance training.\nThe first application explains how a humanoid robot can mimic a human's movements via a three dimensional depth sensor where the sensor analyzes the position of a user's limbs and how the robot can lift one foot and balance on the other by redistributing the its body mass when the user lifts his foot. The results showed that this algorithm enabled NAO to successfully mimic the users' arms, and was able to balance on one foot by repositioning its center of mass.\nThe second application investigates how individuals with stroke lean when undergoing robot-assisted balance training. In some instances, they can develop inappropriate leaning behaviors during the training. The Kinect sensor is used to assist in optimizing patients' results by integrating it with the training program. The results showed that the Kinect sensor can improve the efficiency of the process by giving users graphical information about their mass distribution and whether they are leaning correctly or not.
Naturaleza y alcance de la supervisión pública de las emisiones de valores: comentarios a la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 9 de octubre de 2008 (2009)

En este trabajo se analiza la naturaleza y alcance de la supervision desarrollada por la CNMV en las emisiones de valores, al hilo de la sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 9 de octubre de 2008. Del fallo analizado y de la regulacion actual de las emisiones de valores cabe concluir que la labor de verificacion y aprobacion que en su caso realiza la Administracion de los folletos informativos de las emisiones de valores, es una actividad administrativa susceptible de revision ante la jurisdiccion contenciosa- administrativa.
Ratiometric Fluorescence Detection of Pathogenic Bacteria Resistant to Broad‐Spectrum β‐Lactam Antibiotics (2012)

Identifikation von Bakterien: Ein Methoxyimino-Cephalosporinderivat, das zwei Fluorophore trägt, zwischen denen ein resonanter Energietransfer (FRET) stattfindet, wurde synthetisiert. Mithilfe dieser Sonde konnte die selektive Spaltung durch verschiedenen β-Lactamase-Typen beobachtet werden, und es wurde ein Schnelltest auf Bakterien entwickelt, die entweder empfindlich oder resistent gegen β-Lactam-Breitbandantibiotika sind (siehe Bild). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A stochastic numerical model of breast cancer growth that simulates clinical data. (1984)

A new stochastic numerical model of breast cancer growth is developed. First, the model suggests that Gompertzian kinetics does apply but that from time to time, in random fashion, there occurs a spontaneous change in the growth rate or rate of decay of growth, such that the overall growth pattern occurs in a stepwise fashion. According to the model, the average time for the tumor burden to increase from one cell to detection is probably in the range of 8 years. Secondly, the model suggests that there is a linear relationship between the number of axillary lymph nodes positive for metastasis at diagnosis and the number of other metastatic sites. This can be described mathematically by the equation S = 0.24 + 0.35N where S is the number of other metastatic sites and N is the number of positive lymph nodes. The model has been verified by simulating three data sets: (a) the survival times of untreated breast cancer patients as described by Bloom et al. [Br. Med. J., 2: 213-221, 1962]; (b) the growth rates of breast cancers immediately prior to diagnosis as described by Heuser and Spratt [Cancer (Phila.), 43: 1888-1894, 1979]; and (c) the disease-free survival time postmastectomy as described by Fisher et al. [Surg. Gynecol. Obstet., 140: 528-534, 1975]. This model could have implications concerning the overall treatment rationale for breast cancer.
X‐Ray Diffraction Methods (2008)

X-ray diffraction methods are the most effective methods for determining the crystal structure of materials. The theoretical background of diffraction discussed in this chapter is also applied to other types of diffraction methods. The spectroscopic technique known as the X-ray powder diffractometry, or simply X-ray diffractometry, is the most widely used diffraction method and the main technique discussed in this chapter. X-ray diffractometry (XRD), was originally used for examining the crystal structure of powder samples; thus, traditionally it is called X-ray powder diffractometry. Wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) or wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) is the technique that is commonly used to characterize crystalline structures of polymers and fibers. The technique uses monochromatic X-ray radiation to generate a transmission diffraction pattern of a specimen that does strongly absorb X-rays, such as organic or inorganic specimens containing light elements.
Thermal antinociception after dexmedetomidine administration in cats: a dose‐finding study (2008)

The optimum dose of dexmedetomidine for antinociception to a thermal stimulus was determined in a crossover study of 12 cats. In five treatment groups (n = 10 per group), dexmedetomidine was administered intramuscularly (i.m.) at 2, 5, 10, 20 and 40 microg/kg; positive and negative controls were administered buprenorphine (20 microg/kg, i.m.) and 0.9% saline (0.006 mL/kg, i.m.) respectively. Baseline thermal thresholds and visual analogue scale (VAS) sedation scores were obtained prior to drug treatment and then at regular intervals until 24 h after administration. The summary measures of overall mean thresholds and overall mean VAS scores were investigated using a univariate general linear model for multiple factors with post hoc Tukey's tests (P < 0.05). Only dexmedetomidine at 40 microg/kg displayed an analgesic effect (less than that of buprenorphine). The VAS for sedation did not significantly affect the thresholds obtained and treatment was the only significant factor to influence VAS. Dexmedetomidine resulted in higher VAS for sedation than saline and buprenorphine. Dexmedetomidine at 40 microg/kg significantly increased nociceptive thresholds compared with saline control, but less than buprenorphine. Dexmedetomidine produced dose-dependent sedation, but only the highest dose produced analgesia, suggesting that induction of analgesia requires the highest dose (or an additional analgesic) in the clinical setting.
Die elektrochemische Polymerisation. Ein interessantes Prinzip zur Synthese von elektrisch leitfähigen Polymeren (1988)

Abstract In einem kontinuierlichen Prozeß werden organische Polymerfilme — mit intrinsischer elektrischer Leitfähigkeit — durch anodische Oxidation direkt aus den Monomeren hergestellt. Die Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese, die Variationsbreite des Verfahrens sowie wesentliche Eigenschaften der neuen Polymeren. Im Gegensatz zu den klassischen Kunststoffen, die nach radikalischen oder ionischen Polymerisationen oder auch durch Polyadditions‐ oder ‐kondensationsverfahren gewonnen werden, stellt die elektrochemische Oxidation, z.B. von Pyrrol zu „Polypyrrol”︁, ein neues Polymerisationsprinzip dar. Aber nicht nur das Syntheseprinzip, auch die Eigenschaften des neuen Polymeren sind ungewöhnlich.
[Proteus syndrome with a giant hemangiomas in the spleen associated with chronic DIC--two case report and literature review]. (2007)

Proteus syndrome when accompanied giant hemangioma could cause chronic DIC. Significantly decreased plasma fibrinogen level in this case might be helpful for the differential diagnosis from DIC caused by other diseases.
Derivatives of ‐ and ‐S‐thiophosphates of 2‐bromo‐2‐deoxy‐D‐hexopyranose (1999)

The first examples of S-thiophosphate derivatives of 2-bromo-2-deoxy sugars 7–12 were synthesized by reacting alkyl ammonium salts 1–4 of thiophosphoric acids with α-1,2-cis (5) or α-1,2-trans dibromo sugars (6) and addition of free thiophosphoric acids 1a or 2a to 2-bromo-D-glucal (13). It was observed that the solvent determines formation of either the O- or S-glycosyl compound. β-Thiophosphates can be transformed to the α-configuration in the presence of acid in quantitative yield. The structures of the synthesized derivatives of 7–12 were confirmed by spectroscopic methods. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 465–470, 1999
A microneedle-based glucose monitor: fabricated on a wafer-level using in-device enzyme immobilization (2004)

This paper presents a disposable minimally invasive self-calibrating continuous glucose monitor consisting of hollow out-of-plane microneedles to sample interstitial fluid from the epidermis, an integrated porous poly-Si dialysis membrane and an integrated enzyme-based flow-through glucose sensor. The proposed system can be fabricated on a wafer-level using standard MEMS technology and a novel in-device enzyme immobilization technique that allows wafer-level patterning of enzymes inside micro-scale flow channels after wafer bonding. This technique solves the compatibility issue of high temperature wafer bonding and temperature sensitive enzymes. A prototype of the glucose monitor is fabricated in order to demonstrate the high potential of out-of-plane microneedles for this application. Sampling of interstitial fluid through the microneedles results in a significant sensor response of the integrated glucose sensor.
The Manganese Dioxide Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Manganese Dioxide Oxidation of Allylic AlcoholsROY J. GRITTER and THOMAS J. WALLACECite this: J. Org. Chem. 1959, 24, 8, 1051–1056Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01090a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01090a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6096Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A soft docking algorithm for predicting the structure of antibody‐antigen complexes (2003)

An efficient soft docking algorithm is described for predicting the mode of binding between an antibody and its antigen based on the three-dimensional structures of the molecules. The basic tools are the "simplified protein" model and the docking algorithm of Wodak and Janin. The side-chain flexibility of Arg, Lys, Asp, Glu, and Met residues on the protein surface is taken into account. A combined filtering technique is used to select candidate binding modes. After energy minimization, we calculate a scoring function, which includes electrostatic and desolvation energy terms. This procedure was applied to targets 04, 05, and 06 of CAPRI, which are complexes of three different camelid antibody VHH variable domains with pig alpha-amylase. For target 06, two native-like structures with a root-mean-square deviation < 4.0 A relative to the X-ray structure were found within the five top ranking structures. For targets 04 and 05, our procedure produced models where more than half of the antigen residues forming the epitope were correctly predicted, albeit with a wrong VHH domain orientation. Thus, our soft docking algorithm is a promising tool for predicting antibody-antigen recognition.
Maximizing water yield with indigenous non-forest vegetation: a New Zealand perspective (2007)

Provision of clean freshwater is an essential ecosystem service that is under increasing pressure worldwide from a variety of conflicting demands. Water yields differ in relation to land-cover type. Successful resource management therefore requires accurate information on yields from alternative vegetation types to adequately address concerns regarding water production. Of particular importance are upper watersheds/catchments, regardless of where water is extracted. Research in New Zealand has shown that, when in good condition, indigenous tall tussock grasslands can maximize water yield relative to other vegetation cover types. A long-term hydrological paired-catchment study revealed reductions (up to 41% after 22 years) in water yielded annually from an afforested catchment relative to adjacent indigenous grassland. Furthermore, a stable isotope assessment showed that water from fog may substantially contribute to yield in upland tussock grasslands. The tall tussock life-form and its leaf anatomy and physiology, which minimize transpiration loss, appear to be the differentiating factors. Thus, maintaining dominance of such cover is important for water production, especially in upland catchments. Ecological analogues and integrated land-use planning are discussed in the context of this essential ecosystem service. Water management programs in other countries are reviewed and that of South Africa is commended as a model.
The Heat Resistance of Bacterial Spores at Various Water Activities (1966)

SUMMARY The heat resistance of the spores of six species of bacteria varied with water activity (aw) at which the spores were heated, although the magnitude of the changes differed greatly between species. At all aw values there was an approximately linear relation between the logarithm of the number of viable spores and the time of heating. The slopes of these straight lines were used to describe the observed death-rates as the time (D value) required to decrease the population by one log. unit. For all six species the greatest heat resistance was manifest at aw values of about 0.2–0.4, the maximum D values at 110° now varying from about 2 to 24 hr. At aw values less than 0.2 the heat resistance decreased; for spores rigorously dried over P2O5 (0.00 aw) the D values at 110° now varied between about 30 sec. and 30 min. When the spores were heated at aw values above 0.4 the resistance of 4 species decreased considerably, being lowest at 1.00 aw; with spores of Bacillus coagulans and B. stearothermo-philus the heat resistance decreased less at the high aw values; at 1.00 aw their D values were slightly greater than at 0.00 aw. At the high aw values the D values at 110° varied from less than 0.1 sec. for Clostridiuum botulinum type E to about 40 min. for B. coagulans and B. stearothermophilus. The Q10 for thermal death was about 10 at high aw values, decreasing to about 2 at aw values below 0.3. Under very moist conditions spores of B. stearothermophilus were about 50,000 times more heat resistant than were spores of C. botulinum type E; but at aw values less than about 0.5 this ratio fell to about 10. The convergence of this ratio resulted from more than a 100,000-fold increase in the resistance of the type E spores, and only a 20-fold increase in the resistance of the spores of B. stearothermophilus.
Conceptual design of a fluidized bed steam generator for the LMFBR (1975)

A fluidized bed steam generation system, FBSG, is being developed for the liquid metal fast breeder reactor, LMFBR. The FBSG eliminates the need for an intermediate sodium loop and heat exchanger utilized in the current design and isolates the sodium and water thus reducing the possibility of a sodium-water reaction. A conceptual design for a stacked sodium and water tube bundle fluidized bed steam generator is presented and the circulating fluidizing gas system is described. An experimental program is underway to develop design data and demonstrate concept feasibility. Results of initial tests are used to establish the conceptual design. The development program is discussed and objectives outlined. (auth)
How Can We Identify the Best Implantation Site for an ECG Event Recorder? (2000)

The aim of this study was to show how to find the preferable implantation site for an ECG event recorder (ECG-ER). We compared the quality of bipolar ECG recordings (4-cm electrode distance, vertical position) in 65 patients at the following sites: left and right subclavicular, left and right anterior axillary line (4th-5th interspace), left and right of the sternum (4th-5th interspace), heart apex, and subxyphoidal. The results were compared to the standard ECG lead II. In 30 patients, an additional comparison between vertical and horizontal ECG registrations was done using the same sites. ECG signals in five patients were compared positioning the electrodes towards the skin with turning them towards the muscle during ECG-ER implantation. The best ECG quality (defined as highest QRS amplitude, best visible P wave and/or pacemaker spike, best measurable QRS duration, and QT interval) and best agreement with the standard lead II was found in 68% on the left of the sternum, significantly less often (P < 0.001) on the right of the sternum (14.1%), left subclavicular (6.9%), apical (5.5%) and subxyphoidal (4.2%). A significantly higher QRS amplitude was measured and the P wave was more often visible in the vertical electrode position than in the horizontal position. In all five ECG-ER patients, there was a good agreement between the bipolar surface ECG at the implantation site and ECG-ER stored signals. A significant noise signal occurred in all five patients when the ECG-ER was implanted with electrodes towards the muscle. A P wave was visible in only three of those patients, but there was an insignificantly higher QRS amplitude than in ECG-ERs implanted with electrodes towards the skin. From these results, it can be concluded that the best implantation site for an ECG-ER is right or left of the sternum, positioning the electrodes vertically and towards the skin.
Triple Degree-of-Freedom Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Micromotor via Flexural-Axial (2009)

Actuators remain a limiting factor in robotics, especially in microrobotics where the power density of actuators is a problem. A 3 x 3 x 8.7 mm 3-axis piezoelectric ultrasonic micromotor system is described here in an effort to help solve this problem. Formed from 4 bulk lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thickness-polarized elements placed around the periphery of a rectangular rod, the stator is designed to combine axial and flexural vibrations in a way that permits rotation of a hardened steel ball as a rotor about an arbitrary axis. A simple prototype of the micromotor was found to produce at least a rotation speed of 10.4 rad/s with 4 microN-m torque about all 3 orthogonal directions at an excitation frequency of about 221 kHz, demonstrating the feasibility of a 3 degree-of-freedom millimeter-scale piezoelectric motor.