gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pulse density modulated LLC resonant converter based battery charger for HEV/PHEV application (2019)

High efficiency battery chargers are very important for Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) or Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) applications. In this paper, an on-board battery charger is proposed based on inductor-inductor- capacitor (LLC) type resonant converter topology. Pulse density modulation technique is used to control the converter. The reference voltage/current is set and the actual voltage/current is sensed and compared. PDM works in a way that when the error is positive, it allows pulses and the switches can operate at predefined frequency. When the error is negative, it skips pulses. Therefore, it leads to a simple control technique. Operation in above resonance mode ensures switches to turn on in ZVS. This improves the efficiency of the converter.
Transduction of Genes Coding for a Histocompatibility (MHC) Antigen and for Its Physiological Inducer Interferon-γ in the Same Cell: Efficient MHC Expression and Inhibition of Tumor and Metastasis Growth (1995)

The mouse mammary carcinoma TS/A, of BALB/c (H-2d) origin, was transfected with the murine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) gene (Int. J. Cancer 55: 320, 1993). We used IFN-gamma transfectants as recipients for a second round of transfections with murine allogeneic class I histocompatibility (H-2b) genes that are modulated by IFN. Transfectants with either gene alone, as well as parent TS/A cells (TS/A-pc), were used as controls. Only double transfectants expressed high levels of the allogeneic H-2b genes, while in H-2b single transfectants the expression was very low (but was induced by treatment with exogenous IFN-gamma). The tumorigenic potential of IFN-gamma or H-2b single transfectants was reduced in comparison to TS/A-pc. IFN-gamma+H-2Kb double transfectants were almost nontumorigenic, while IFN-gamma+H-2Db clones gave rise to tumors in about one-half of mice. The experimental metastatic ability of all IFN-gamma+H-2b double transfectants was very low. IFN-gamma single transfectants were known to induce a strong macrophage response in the host. The expression of allogeneic H-2 antigens added a T-lymphocyte-mediated response that accounted for the lower tumorigenicity of double transfectants. These results show that it is possible to steer the immune response evoked by tumor cells for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, the high H-2 expression obtained in IFN-gamma+H-2b double transfectants suggests that single IFN-gamma transfectants are ideal recipients for all IFN-sensitive genes. This approach can be used also for other general-purpose inducers of gene expression.
Magnetic resonance elastography: in vivo measurements of elasticity for human tissue (2004)

Elasticity is an important physical property of material. In the clinical practice, elasticity is used for physical examination in several ways, such as palpation or percussion. Differences in elasticity can help facilitate the diagnosis of tumors and their extent. Elasticity is an essential property in the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis, or soft degeneration in tissue necrosis. In addition, information of tissue elasticity is utilized in virtual reality systems such as telepalpation and computer assisted surgery. It was difficult to obtain such properties in vivo by using conventional measurement methods. To overcome this problem, magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) has been developed that provides noninvasive in vivo measurements of elasticity for human tissue. We summarize this MRE method in this paper. When an object is oscillated from the surface in a known frequency, acoustic strain waves propagate into the material and one can calculate the physical constants of a material elasticity by the wave velocity. In MRE measurements, a cyclic micromotion caused by the acoustic strain waves is obtained as an MR image that is synchronized to the oscillation. By measuring the local wavelength of the strain waves, we can obtain the elasticity constants. Several examples of MRE image including in vivo measurements are provided as well as several methods to estimate the local wavelength from MRE images are described.
Combined bioavailable isoflavones and probiotics improve bone status and estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal osteopenic women: a randomized controlled trial (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Female age-related estrogen deficiency increases the risk of osteoporosis, which can be effectively treated with the use of hormone replacement therapy. However, hormone replacement therapy is demonstrated to increase cancer risk. Bioavailable isoflavones with selective estrogen receptor affinity show potential to prevent and treat osteoporosis while minimizing or eliminating carcinogenic side effects.<b>Objective:</b> In this study, we sought to determine the beneficial effects of a bioavailable isoflavone and probiotic treatment against postmenopausal osteopenia.<b>Design:</b> We used a novel red clover extract (RCE) rich in isoflavone aglycones and probiotics to concomitantly promote uptake and a favorable intestinal bacterial profile to enhance isoflavone bioavailability. This was a 12-mo, double-blind, parallel design, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial of 78 postmenopausal osteopenic women supplemented with calcium (1200 mg/d), magnesium (550 mg/d), and calcitriol (25 μg/d) given either RCE (60 mg isoflavone aglycones/d and probiotics) or a masked placebo [control (CON)].<b>Results:</b> RCE significantly attenuated bone mineral density (BMD) loss at the L2-L4 lumbar spine vertebra (<i>P</i> < 0.05), femoral neck (<i>P</i> < 0.01), and trochanter (<i>P</i> < 0.01) compared with CON (-0.99% and -2.2%; -1.04% and -3.05%; and -0.67% and -2.79, respectively). Plasma concentrations of collagen type 1 cross-linked C-telopeptide was significantly decreased in the RCE group (<i>P</i> < 0.05) compared with CON (-9.40% and -6.76%, respectively). RCE significantly elevated the plasma isoflavone concentration (<i>P</i> < 0.05), the urinary 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OH) to 16α-hydroxyestrone (16α-OH) ratio (<i>P</i> < 0.05), and equol-producer status (<i>P</i> < 0.05) compared with CON. RCE had no significant effect on other bone turnover biomarkers. Self-reported diet and physical activity were consistent and differences were nonsignificant between groups throughout the study. RCE was well tolerated with no adverse events.<b>Conclusions:</b> Twice daily RCE intake over 1 y potently attenuated BMD loss caused by estrogen deficiency, improved bone turnover, promoted a favorable estrogen metabolite profile (2-OH:16α-OH), and stimulated equol production in postmenopausal women with osteopenia. RCE intake combined with supplementation (calcium, magnesium, and calcitriol) was more effective than supplementation alone. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02174666.
495. Transfer of LEDGF to the Mouse Retina Via Systemic AAV Vector Administration (2006)

Administration of AAV vector into small rodent eyes, because of the large injection volumes relative to the size of the eye, may damage and/or evoke stress responses not seen in larger eyes. In order to test the therapeutic usefulness of lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF) in murine models of retinal degeneration, we employed two alternative, systemic routes of vector administration, either intra-muscular or intra-peritoneal. The vector included a LEDGF-GFP fusion transgene under CMV promoter regulation and was packaged into serotype 5 AAV particles. 10exp12 AAV5.CMV.EGFP-LEDGF particles were injected intra- muscularly (IM) into the each caudal muscle of the pelvic limb of rd12 mice at PN30, and 4X10exp12 particles were injected intra-peritoneally (IP) into rd12 or rd10 mice at PN3-5 or PN30. Accumulation of LEDGF-GFP protein in retinas was evaluated by immunocytochemistry and western-blot hybridization using both GFP and LEDGF antibodies. Liver, kidney, spleen, lung and heart were also analyzed by western-blotting and RT PCR to more completely determine the distribution of LEDGF-GFP expression/production. Rd10 mice injected IP (n=3) and the control counterparts of the same age were tested by scotopic ERG. Both IP and IM AAV-vectored LEDGF-GFP transgene administration resulted in protein accumulation in retinas of either Rd12 or Rd10 mice at all ages tested. GFP positive signals were detected in retinal blood vessels 1week post-injection. GFP reactivity was sporadically seen in cells of the retinal proper at the later times. LEDGF-GFP was also seen in livers when vector was delivered IM and in liver and kidney after IP administration. Preliminary ERG results provide evidence for functional rescue in rd10 mice treated at PN30, but as yet no evidence of the morphological improvement has been noted. Me conclude that both, IM and IP AAV-vectored transgene administration are effective routes for transferring LEDGF to the murine retina. The LEDGF-GFP fusion protein was found in retinal blood vessels by1week post-injection with an increase of sporadically positive retinal cells at later times. Given the history of liver expression of systemic AAV-delivered transgenes and our detection of LEDGF transgene product there, the liver is the most likely target for the AAV-vectored protein production following an IP route of administration. WWH and the University of Florida own equity in a company, Applied Genetic Technologies Corp. that may commercialize some of the technology described in this work.
Oxidative Stress Responses in the Human Fungal Pathogen, Candida albicans (2015)

Candida albicans is a major fungal pathogen of humans, causing approximately 400,000 life-threatening systemic infections world-wide each year in severely immunocompromised patients. An important fungicidal mechanism employed by innate immune cells involves the generation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, there is much interest in the strategies employed by C. albicans to evade the oxidative killing by macrophages and neutrophils. Our understanding of how C. albicans senses and responds to ROS has significantly increased in recent years. Key findings include the observations that hydrogen peroxide triggers the filamentation of this polymorphic fungus and that a superoxide dismutase enzyme with a novel mode of action is expressed at the cell surface of C. albicans. Furthermore, recent studies have indicated that combinations of the chemical stresses generated by phagocytes can actively prevent C. albicans oxidative stress responses through a mechanism termed the stress pathway interference. In this review, we present an up-date of our current understanding of the role and regulation of oxidative stress responses in this important human fungal pathogen.
The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database: emphasizing enzymes (2001)

The University of Minnesota Biocatalysis/Biodegradation Database (UM-BBD, http://umbbd.ahc.umn.edu/) provides curated information on microbial catabolic enzymes and their organization into metabolic pathways. Currently, it contains information on over 400 enzymes. In the last year the enzyme page was enhanced to contain more internal and external links; it also displays the different metabolic pathways in which each enzyme participates. In collaboration with the Nomenclature Commission of the International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 35 UM-BBD enzymes were assigned complete EC codes during 2000. Bacterial oxygenases are heavily represented in the UM-BBD; they are known to have broad substrate specificity. A compilation of known reactions of naphthalene and toluene dioxygenases were recently added to the UM-BBD; 73 and 108 were listed respectively. In 2000 the UM-BBD is mirrored by two prestigious groups: the European Bioinformatics Institute and KEGG (the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes). Collaborations with other groups are being developed. The increased emphasis on UM-BBD enzymes is important for predicting novel metabolic pathways that might exist in nature or could be engineered. It also is important for current efforts in microbial genome annotation.
Biodistribution of a Low Dose of Intravenously Administered AAV-2, 10, and 11 Vectors to Cynomolgus Monkeys (2006)

In gene therapy trials, adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors are injected directly into target tissues such as muscle and liver. Direct injection can lead to the introduction of a low level of the vector into blood circulation. To determine the systemic effects of the vector released in the blood, we extensively examined the biodistribution of intravenously administered AAV serotype 2 (AAV2) vector in cynomolgus monkeys. Although the vector distribution pattern varied from monkey to monkey, the vector DNA was maintained in the various tissues beyond 7 months post-inoculation (pi). The vector DNA was detected in the lymphoid tissues, particularly in the spleen, more frequently and at a much higher level than in the other tissues tested (i.e., brain, lung, liver, heart, gallbladder, pancreas, colon, kidney, ovary, uterus, etc.). The expression of a transgene was detected in the lymph nodes at 3 months pi. The distribution of two pseudotyped vectors, AAV2/10 and AAV2/11, was similar to that of the AAV2 vector. The present results suggest that when introduced intravenously, the AAV vector DNA persists and may induce transgene expression in various monkey tissues. Thus, the possibility of inadvertent gene transfer to various non-target tissues should be considered in a gene therapy strategy with an AAV vector.
Transcritical CO2 heat pump for residential application. (2001)

L'article decrit des experiences comparant une pompe a chaleur au R410A, disponible dans le commerce, et un systeme prototype utilisant du R744 (dioxyde de carbone), en mode chauffage. Le systeme au R744 utilise des echangeurs de chaleur a micro-canaux en aluminium et un compresseur semi-hermetique prototype. La performance du systeme est comparee, pour deux configurations : la premiere lorsque la vitesse du compresseur au R744 est fixee a une puissance de chauffage de 8,2 °C a l'exterieur et 21,1 °C a l'interieur, et la deuxieme lorsque la puissance de conditionnement d'air est fixee a 35 °C a l'exterieur et 26,5 °C a l'interieur. Le systeme au R744 fonctionne avec un facteur de performance de chaleur plutot bas, mais sa puissance plus elevee a des temperatures exterieures inferieures rend moins necessaire un systeme de chauffage d'appoint moins efficace.
The W-Tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data (1994)

We propose a file structure to index high-dimensionality data, which are typically points in some feature space. The idea is to use only a few of the fea- tures, using additional features only when the additional discriminatory power is absolutely necessary. We present in detail the design of our tree structure and the associated algorithms that handle such varying length feature vectors. Finally, we report simulation results, comparing the proposed structure with the R*-tree, which is one of the most successful methods for low-dimensionality spaces. The results illustrate the superiority of our method, which saves up to 80% in disk ac- cesses.
Joining of molybdenum base metals and factors which influence ductility (1986)

The joining of molybdenum-base metals and alloys is studied. The phenomenon of ductile-to-brittle transition is analyzed; particular attention is given to the theories of dislocation mobility in bcc metals and the role of strain rate. The effects of interstitial and substitutional elements on the mechanical properties of the alloys are investigated. The need for a proper welding environment, proper cleaning procedures, preheating, and strain relieving, and filler metals are examined. Procedures for joining molybdenum-base metals, which include gas tungsten arc, resistance, laser, and ultrasonic weldings, exposure joining, and brazing, are described. 63 references.
Clinical implication of immunohistochemical EGFR detection (2007)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Structures of TNF Receptors and Their Interactions With Ligands (2005)

The tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs), in conjunction with their ligands, influence many important biological processes, including activation of apoptosis, modulation of the immune system, and regulation of developmental pathways in some tissue types. Some TNFRs positively regulate cell growth, whereas others initiate apoptotic pathways upon stimulation by ligand (1). These contradictory biological activities are determined to some extent by differences in the intracellular domains of these receptors. In particular, a subfamily of TNFRs, termed the death receptors, including TNFR1, Fas, death receptor (DR)3, DR4, DR5, DR6, EDAR, and p75NGFR, all contain an intracellular death domain, and many but not all of these receptors activate apoptotic pathways. None of the other members of the TNFR family identified to date contain recognizable intracellular domains, and instead present binding sites for interactions with TNF receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) and other adaptor proteins.
Cell Surface Modifications with Trifluoromethyl Dinitrophenyl-Soluble Protein Conjugates: Immunogenic Role of Noncovalently Bound Hapten (1984)

Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was derivatized, under mild conditions, with trifluoromethyl-dinitrophenyl (CF3-DNP), a haptenic group cross-reacting with trinitrophenyl (TNP). High-field nuclear magnetic resonance of fluorine (19F-NMR) permitted to calculate the number of covalently and noncovalently bound haptenic groups per BSA molecule. Further dialysis against paratoluene sulfonic acid permitted to obtain CF3-DNP-BSA conjugates from which noncovalently bound hapten had been removed. Soluble conjugates containing 4 covalently bound plus 1 noncovalently bound hapten groups, or only 4 covalently bound groups, were added to splenocytes in culture. These splenocytes, after such treatments, were added to effector lymphocytes in a 5-day culture aimed at the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) against the CF3-DNP-induced cell surface modification antigens. It was found that only the BSA conjugates that contained noncovalently bound haptens were able to generate CTL against target cells whose surface had been directly modified with CF3-DNP, whereas BSA bearing only covalently bound hapten groups were not. Replacing BSA by human serum albumin, or CF3-DNP by TNP, gave comparable results. Thus, under the conditions used, haptenic groups covalently bound to their soluble carrier protein did not generate hapten-dependent CTL, but noncovalently bound or free haptenic groups at very low concentration were able to do so.
The Diffusivity of Oxygen in Nickel Determined by Internal Oxidation of Dilute Ni-Be Alloys (1973)

In a previous paper we calculated the diffusion constants of oxygen in nickel using an abridged form of a treatment due to Meijering and Druyvesteyn. Since that publication, a value for the diffusivity of beryllium in nickel has been brought to our attention and accordingly more correct values can be calculated.
Two Conformers of the Glycopeptide Antibiotic Teicoplanin with Distinct Ligand Binding Sites. (1995)

The clinically important vancomycin group glycopeptide antibiotics, which act by blocking cell wall synthesis, are crucial in the treatment of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. All of the group members studied so far, with the apparent exception of teicoplanin, enhance their antibiotic action by the formation of an asymmetric homodimer. Teicoplanin exists in two main conformers which differ by a rotation of approximately 180 degrees of a sugar residue. From NMR studies and molecular modelling, we present structures for the two conformers and conclude that they have different binding affinities for cell wall analogues. The two conformers of teicoplanin are closely analogous to those adopted by each half of the asymmetric dimers of the other vancomycin group antibiotics.
Advances in Quartz Coriolis Vibrating Gyroscope for space applications (2014)

International audience
Extensible detection and indexing of highlight events in broadcasted sports video (2006)

Content-based indexing is fundamental to support and sustain the ongoing growth of broadcasted sports video. The main challenge is to design extensible frameworks to detect and index highlight events. This paper presents: 1) A statistical-driven event detection approach that utilizes a minimum amount of manual knowledge and is based on a universal scope-of-detection and audio-visual features; 2) A semi-schema-based indexing that combines the benefits of schema-based modeling to ensure that the video indexes are valid at all time without manual checking, and schema-less modeling to allow several passes of instantiation in which additional elements can be declared. To demonstrate the performance of the events detection, a large dataset of sport videos with a total of around 15 hours including soccer, basketball and Australian football is used.
The basket trainer: A homemade laparoscopic trainer attainable to every resident (2010)

Laparoscopic trainers have been proved to be effective to improve skills of laparoscopic surgery; they are usually installed at hospital in the surgical department with limited access hours, usually inconvenient to the schedule of the resident. Simple trainer boxes are necessary for residents who desire developing their skills at home independently to the venue and hours of surgical departments. Our goal is to bring the laparoscopic trainer to the desktop of the surgical resident by making it very cheap, small, light, secure and easy to construct. We describe a model of laparoscopic trainer using steel basket which, we believe, meets all of the above-mentioned requirements. It is accessible to any personal budget and can be constructed with a minimum of hand skill. It is small and light enough to permit its daily use on the desktop of the resident for a couple of hours, then after it can be stocked in any locker.
Imaging of organ-confined prostate cancer: functional ultrasound, MRI and PET/computed tomography (2009)

Considerable advances have been made in the identification of organ-confined prostate cancer with multiparametric MRI. Only prebiopsy MRI can provide best quality of cancer assessment and allows for targeting biopsies. It is hoped that advances in 3T MRI as well as in radiotracers for PET/computed tomography will further improve diagnosis, treatment selection, planning and outcomes.
Effects of precipitates on ferrite grain size in 0·15%C steels (1989)

The effects of precipitates formed by the addition of vanadium, nitrogen, and aluminium on the ferrite grain size of 0·15% C steels have been studied by cooling suitable steels at four rates ranging from 120 to 3·6 K min−l from temperatures giving a constant austenite grain size of 35 μm. The undissolved particles present during austenitising have no role in determining the ferrite grain size. The precipitating particles of vanadium carbide (VC) and particularly vanadium carbonitride (V(C,N)) are excellent ferrite grain size refiners, while aluminium nitride (AlN) has little or no effect on ferrite grain size refinement. The presence of aluminium enhances the ferrite grain size refining effect of V(C,N). The volume fraction of precipitates and their size or distribution are responsible for ferrite grain size refinement.MST/773