gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is a Standard ESR Possible? (1975)

Is a Standard ESR Possible? Brian S. Bull, M.D. Brian S. Bull, M.D. Brian S. Bull, M.D., is Professor and Chairman, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Loma Linda (Calif.) University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 6, Issue 11, 1 November 1975, Pages 31–39, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/6.11.31 Published: 01 November 1975
New Intra Coding Scheme for High-definition Video Coding (2008)

Although the H.264 video coding scheme is popular, it is not efficient for high-definition (HD) video coding because the size of its macroblock is relatively small for the HD video resolution. In this paper, we propose a new intra coding scheme based on the enlarged macroblock size. For the luminance component, intra prediction and intra prediction in H.264 are scaled into intra prediction and intra prediction, respectively. For the chrominance components, intra prediction is extended to intra prediction. Along with the basic coding block size, an integer discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm improves coding efficiency of the intra coding for HD video: PSNR gain by 0.23dB and bit-rate reduction by 5.32% on average.
Induction of Partial Specific Heterotypic Immunity in Mice by a Single Infection with Influenza A Virus (1965)

Schulman, Jerome L. (Cornell University Medical College, New York, N.Y.), and Edwin D. Kilbourne. Induction of partial specific heterotypic immunity in mice by a single infection with influenza A virus. J. Bacteriol. 89:170-174. 1965.-Mice infected 4 weeks previously with influenza A virus were found to be partially immune when challenged with influenza A2 virus. This partial immunity was demonstrated by reduced titers of pulmonary virus, decreased mortality, and less extensive lung lesions. A specific immunological basis for this protection was suggested by the absence of any protection in animals previously infected with influenza B virus when challenged with A2 virus, or in animals previously infected with influenza A virus when challenged with influenza B virus. Parenteral inoculation with inactivated influenza A virus did not induce partial immunity to A2 virus challenge. An accelerated rise of hemagglutinating-inhibiting antibody after A2 virus challenge was demonstrated in animals previously infected with influenza A virus.
A New Generation of Food-Borne Pathogen Detection Based on Ribosomal RNA (2013)

Listeria and Salmonella detection assays for food and environmental surfaces that target ribosomal RNA (rRNA) have been developed. The large number of rRNA molecules in bacteria enabled the development of molecular assays that use enrichment times as short as 12 hours for Salmonella and 24 hours for Listeria. These assays run on a fully automated molecular pathogen detection system, which provides walk-away capability and produces 300 assay results in eight hours.
From a Formal Privacy Model to its Implementation (1998)

Privacy technologies are becoming more relevant, because individual privacy is at risk in the Global Information Society. In this paper, an updated version of a formal task-based privacy-model which can be used to technically enforce legal privacy requirements is presented. It is shown, how the privacy policy has been specified and implemented according to the Generalized Framework for Access Control (GFAC)approach.
Quantifying Human Circadian Pacemaker Response to Brief, Extended, and Repeated Light Stimuli over the Phototopic Range (1999)

The authors' previous models have been able to describe accurately the effects of extended (5 h) bright-light (>4000 lux) stimuli on the phase and amplitude of the human circadian pacemaker, but they are not sufficient to represent the surprising human sensitivity to both brief pulses of bright light and light of more moderate intensities. Therefore, the authors have devised a new model in which a dynamic stimulus processor ( Process L) intervenes between the light stimuli and the traditional representation of the circadian pacemaker as a self-sustaining limit-cycle oscillator ( Process P). The overall model incorporating Process L and Process P is intended to allow the prediction of phase shifts to photic stimuli of any temporal pattern (extended and brief light episodes) and any light intensity in the photopic range. Two time constants emerge in the Process Lmodel: the characteristic duration for necessary bright-light pulses to achieve their full effect (5-10 min) and the characteristic stimulus-free (dark) interval that can be tolerated without incurring an excessive penalty in phase shifting (30-80 min). The effect of reducing light intensity is incorporated in Process L as an extension of the time necessary for the light pulse to be fully realized (a power-law relation between time and intensity). This new model generates a number of new testable hypotheses, including the surprising prediction that 24-h cycles consisting of8hof darkness and 16 h of only 3.5 lux would be capable of entraining a large fraction of the adult population (45%). Experimental data on the response of the human circadian system to lower light intensities and briefer stimuli are needed to allow for further refinement and validation of the model proposed here.
Partial Purification and Characterization of Lysine-Ketoglutarate Reductase in Normal and Opaque-2 Maize Endosperms (1992)

Lysine-ketoglutarate reductase catalyzes the first step of lysine catabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) endosperm. The enzyme condenses l-lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate into saccharopine using NADPH as cofactor. It is endosperm-specific and has a temporal pattern of activity, increasing with the onset of kernel development, reaching a peak 20 to 25 days after pollination, and there-after decreasing as the kernel approaches maturity. The enzyme was extracted from the developing maize endosperm and partially purified by ammonium-sulfate precipitation, anion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, and affinity chromatography on Blue-Sepharose CL-6B. The preparation obtained from affinity chromatography was enriched 275-fold and had a specific activity of 411 nanomoles per minute per milligram protein. The native and denaturated enzyme is a 140 kilodalton protein as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme showed specificity for its substrates and was not inhibited by either aminoethyl-cysteine or glutamate. Steady-state product-inhibition studies revealed that saccharopine was a noncompetitive inhibitor with respect to alpha-ketoglutarate and a competitive inhibitor with respect to lysine. This is suggestive of a rapid equilibrium-ordered binding mechanism with a binding order of lysine, alpha-ketoglutarate, NADPH. The enzyme activity was investigated in two maize inbred lines with homozygous normal and opaque-2 endosperms. The pattern of lysine-ketoglutarate reductase activity is coordinated with the rate of zein accumulation during endosperm development. A coordinated regulation of enzyme activity and zein accumulation was observed in the opaque-2 endosperm as the activity and zein levels were two to three times lower than in the normal endosperm. Enzyme extracted from L1038 normal and opaque-2 20 days after pollination was partially purified by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. Both genotypes showed a similar elution pattern with a single activity peak eluted at approximately 0.2 molar KCL. The molecular weight and physical properties of the normal and opaque-2 enzymes were essentially the same. We suggest that the Opaque-2 gene, which is a transactivator of the 22 kilodalton zein genes, may be involved in the regulation of the lysine-ketoglutarate reductase gene in maize endosperm. In addition, the decreased reductase activity caused by the opaque-2 mutation may explain, at least in part, the elevated concentration of lysine found in the opaque-2 endosperm.
Multiple sequence random number generators (1973)

Many discrete event simulation models utilize a single random number sequence, regardless of the number of random variables included in the model. This paper illustrates the advantages of utilizing a unique random number sequence for each random variable. An example is included to demonstrate the resulting effects. A method is described for converting a single sequence random number generator to a multiple sequence generator. An application is included that compares simulation results obtained using a single sequence of random numbers to those obtained using a unique sequence for each random variable in the model.
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) (1988)

"Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP)." Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 48(sup190), pp. 47–48
PCR with 5-methyl-dCTP replacing dCTP (1991)

When dCTP is replaced by methyl5-dCTP in the polymerase chain reaction some templates cannot be efficiently amplified by Taq polymerase or Vent polymerase using standard cycling parameters. However, this phenomenon can be overcome by increasing the temperature of the denaturation steps to 100 degrees C, or by adding dITP to destabilize the m5dC:dG base pairs. Once the block to amplification of m5dC-substituted DNA was overcome, methylated DNA from the 'superpolylinker' of the plasmid pSL 1180 was used as a substrate to check the methyl-sensitivity of a variety of restriction endonucleases. The m5dC-substituted DNAs should also be valuable substrates for defining the specificity of methyl-dependent endonucleases.
Visually Effective Information Visualization of Large Data (2004)

Recent technology developments produce an increasingly large volume of information. Therefore visualization of these data requires sophisticated and efficient methods that take the amount of data into account. The information often gets lost or hidden in displays of traditional information visualization techniques. A significant improvement can be achieved using clustering and visual abstraction. The synergetic approach introduced here combines visual and computer data mining. Its effect is demonstrated on a popular information visualization method – the parallel coordinates.
Current-Sensorless Power Estimation and MPPT Implementation for Thermoelectric Generators (2015)

Presented is a duty-cycle-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) scheme with current-sensorless power estimation. Conventional MPPT methods require generated power data involving direct current measurement, or disconnection of source and load for open-circuit voltage measurement. The proposed scheme avoids these disadvantages while retaining MPPT capability. This microcontroller-based approach allows for easy implementation and tuning of the MPPT algorithm to suit the characteristics of the thermoelectric generator (TEG) with respect to environmental conditions. The hysteresis voltage regulator maintains the TEG output voltage at a reference level, so that the maximum power can be extracted for the given temperature condition. The proposed MPPT energy harvesting scheme is simple and inexpensive, has a low power consumption, and can be used with various types of generators. The proposed system has been validated analytically and experimentally.
Chronic Exposure of the Tobacco Hornworm to Pulsed Microwaves—Effects on Development (1985)

Tobacco hornworms (Manduca sexta) were exposed during their larval life to 4 mW/cm2 (SAR = 23 W/Kg) circularly polarized pulsed microwaves (2695 MHz, 2 μS, 500 pps) for 12 hours a day in an environmentally controlled anechoic chamber. Following the irradiation period, various insect development parameters were monitored until the next generation was produced. Microwaves did not have any influence on food consumption of the larvae, but larval weight, mortality and the rate of development during the successive larval stages were affected. There was no occurrence of deformities. No effect could be detected on pupal development, sex ratio and mortality. Adult insect fertility and fecundity were not affected by electromagnetic energy deposition.
Inhibition of conjunctival transdifferentiation by topical retinoids. (1987)

During the healing of a total corneal epithelial defect extending beyond the limbus, conjunctival transdifferentiation can be inhibited by corneal vascularization as evidenced by the lack of morphological transformation of the conjunctival epithelium into a cornea-like epithelium and the persistence of goblet cells on the corneal surface. We speculated that corneal vascularization might play a causative role in inhibiting conjunctival transdifferentiation, and examined the hypothesis that vitamin A or retinoids might be one of the blood-borne factors in modulating this process. To test this hypothesis, we created total corneal epithelial defects extending 3 mm beyond the limbus in rabbits using n-heptanol, and segregated the resultant corneas into nonvascularized and vascularized groups. After re-epithelialization, both groups received topical 0.1% Etretinate (Roche-Hoffmann, Nutley, NJ) or 13-cis retinoic acid in corn oil three times a day for 8 weeks. Controls received corn oil only. The extent of transdifferentiation was analyzed by assaying goblet cell density and distribution using flat-mount preparations and Alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff stains (Fischer Scientific Co., Fair Lawn, NJ) and by conventional histology. Topical retinoid application inhibited conjunctival transdifferentiation in nonvascularized corneas to the same extent as that caused by corneal vascularization, suggesting that vitamin A is an important blood-borne factor for goblet cell maintenance. Its relative deficiency in the normal avascular cornea may explain why conjunctival transdifferentiation occurs.
Assessing Quality Using Administrative Data (1997)

Administrative data result from administering health care delivery, enrolling members into health insurance plans, and reimbursing for services. The primary producers of administrative data are the federal government, state governments, and private health care insurers. Although the clinical content of administrative data includes only the demographic characteristics and diagnoses of patients and codes for procedures, these data are often used to evaluate the quality of health care. Administrative data are readily available, are inexpensive to acquire, are computer readable, and typically encompass large populations. They have identified startling practice variations across small geographic areas and-supported research about outcomes of care. Many hospital report cards (which compare patient mortality rates) and physician profiles (which compare resource consumption) are derived from administrative data. However, gaps in clinical information and the billing context compromise the ability to derive valid quality appraisals from administrative data. With some exceptions, administrative data allow limited insight into the quality of processes of care, errors of omission or commission, and the appropriateness of care. In addition, questions about the accuracy and completeness of administrative data abound. Current administrative data are probably most useful as screening tools that highlight areas in which quality should be investigated in greater depth. The growing availability of electronic clinical information will change the nature of administrative data in the future, enhancing opportunities for quality measurement.
Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Is a Dependence Receptor Whose Proapoptotic Functions Are Activated by Caspase Cleavage (2006)

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a receptor tyrosine kinase, initially discovered as part of the NPM-ALK fusion protein, resulting from the t(2;5) translocation that is frequently associated with anaplastic large-cell lymphomas. The native ALK protein is normally expressed in the developing and, at a weaker level, adult nervous system. We recently demonstrated that the oncogenic, constitutively kinase-activated NPM-ALK protein was antiapoptotic when expressed in Jurkat lymphoblastic cells treated with cytotoxic drugs. In contrast, we now show that Jurkat cells overexpressing the wild-type ALK receptor are more sensitive to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis than parental cells. Moreover, the ALK protein is cleaved during apoptosis in a caspase-dependent manner. Mutation of aspartic residues to asparagine allowed us to map the caspase cleavage site in the juxtamembrane region of ALK. In order to assess the role of ALK in neural cell-derived tissue, we transiently expressed ALK in the 13.S.1.24 rat neuroblast immortalized cell line. ALK expression led to apoptotic cell death of the neuroblasts. ALK ligation by specific activating antibodies decreased ALK-facilitated apoptosis in both lymphoid and neuronal cell lines. Moreover, ALK transfection reduced the survival of primary cultures of cortical neurons. Thus, ALK has a proapoptotic activity in the absence of ligand, whereas it is antiapoptotic in the presence of its ligand and when the kinase is intrinsically activated. These properties place ALK in the growing family of dependence receptors.
Plasma glucose level decreases as collateral effect of fermented papaya preparation use. (2006)

In accordance with these results, the FPP administration is suggested as an adjuvant drug to join the oral antidiabetic therapy in type 2 diabetes meltus.
Transglutaminase-catalyzed inactivation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex by polyglutamine domains of pathological length (1997)

Several adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases are caused by genes with expanded CAG triplet repeats within their coding regions and extended polyglutamine (Qn) domains within the expressed proteins. Generally, in clinically affected individuals n >/= 40. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase binds tightly to four Qn disease proteins, but the significance of this interaction is unknown. We now report that purified glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase is inactivated by tissue transglutaminase in the presence of glutathione S-transferase constructs containing a Qn domain of pathological length (n = 62 or 81). The dehydrogenase is less strongly inhibited by tissue transglutaminase in the presence of constructs containing shorter Qn domains (n = 0 or 10). Purified alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex also is inactivated by tissue transglutaminase plus glutathione S-transferase constructs containing pathological-length Qn domains (n = 62 or 81). The results suggest that tissue transglutaminase-catalyzed covalent linkages involving the larger poly-Q domains may disrupt cerebral energy metabolism in CAG/Qn expansion diseases.
Reactions in Silica‐Alumina Mixtures (1958)

Examination of mixtures of extremely pure silica and alumina shows that the greatest reactivity is not encountered with stoichiometric ratios to form mullite with the formula 3Al 2 O 3 . 2SiO 2 but rather with the formula 2A1 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 , and that reactivity also depends on the crystalline modification of alumina. A sharp exothermic differential thermal peak at 980°C. is attributed to three simultaneous reactions dependent on the silica‐alumina ratio of the mixture: (1) the crystallization of gamma alumina, (2) the crystallization of a hydrogen aluminum spinel (HAl 5 O 5 ), and (3) the reaction of silica with the hydrogen aluminum spinel to form mullite.
Using Natural Language Processing and Discourse Features to Identify Understanding Errors in a Spoken Dialogue System (2000)

While it has recently become possible to build spoken dialogue systems that interact with users in real-time in a range of domains, systems that support conversational natural language are still subject to a large number of spoken language understanding (SLU) errors. Endowing such systems with the ability to reliably distinguish SLU errors from correctly understood utterances might allow them to correct some errors automatically or to interact with users to repair them, thereby improving the system’s overall performance. We report experiments on learning to automatically distinguish SLU errors in 11,787 spoken utterances collected in a field trial of AT&amp;T’s How May I Help You system interacting with live customer traffic. We apply the automatic classifier RIPPER (Cohen 96) to train an SLU classifier using features that are automatically obtainable in real-time. The classifer achieves 86 % accuracy on this task, an improvement of 23 % over the majority class baseline. We show that the most important features are those that the natural language understanding module can compute, suggesting that integrating the trained classifier into the NLU module of the How May I Help You system should be straightforward. 1.
Temperature-gradient instabilities in semiconductor junctions (1975)

A new type of instability is shown to occur if a temperature gradient is present across a $n{n}^{+}$, $p{p}^{+}$, or $pn$ junction with no voltage applied. The critical temperature gradient depends on the size and steepness of the junction and is smaller for large and less abrupt junctions. The instability should occur in the best thermoelectric materials, characterized by a figure of merit $ZT>1$. In other materials the required temperature difference between the homogeneous semiconductors at the end of the junction turns out to be too large.
An equivalent Markov model for burst errors in digital channels (1995)

A hidden Markov model for burst errors is specified by a probability transition matrix P, an initial probability vector p, and the state dependent probability of error matrix B. Several procedures are available for estimating P, p and B from a given error (observation) sequence. However, even with some restrictions on the structure of the underlying Markov models, the estimation procedures are computationally intensive particularly when the observation sequence contains long strings of identical symbols. We show that, under some mild assumptions, a Markov model with an arbitrary transition matrix P is equivalent to a Markov model with a unique "block diagonal" transition matrix /spl Lambda/. We also present a computationally very efficient algorithm for estimating /spl Lambda/ from a set of observation using a modified Baum-Welch (1972) algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
DIFFRACTION OF NEUTRONS AND X RAYS BY A VIBRATING QUARTZ CRYSTAL (1967)

Experiments on the diffraction of neutrons and x rays by a piezoelectrically vibrating quartz crystal have shown the following phenomena: large increases of the diffracted intensity relative to the nonvibrating crystal, modulation of the diffracted beam and the appearance of forbidden reflections. Preliminary measurements and a qualitative explanation are reported.
Similarity retrieval method using multidimensional psychological space (1993)

This paper discusses a similarity image retrieval method in an image database which corresponds to diversified human similarity sensation. In the proposed similarity image retrieval, asimilarity between images is examined by subjective evaluation, and a multidimensional psychological space is constructed using multidimensional scaling. Each of the coordinate axes in the multidimensional psychological space is represented by a linear combination of image feature parameters using multiple regression analysis. The image feature parameters extracted from a retrieval key image are converted into a point in the multidimensional psychological space using part or all of the forementioned linear combination expressions