gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of penetratin peptides. Part 2.In vitro uptake of penetratin and two of its derivatives (2005)

As endocytic uptake of the Antennapedia homeodomain-derived penetratin peptide (RQIKIWFQNRRMKWKK) is finally being revealed, some of the early views about penetratin need to be reconsidered. Endocytic uptake seems to contradict the indispensability of tryptophans and also the minimum length of 16 amino acid residues for efficient internalization. To revise the membrane translocation of penetratin, two penetratin analogs were designed and synthesized: a peptide in which tryptophans were replaced by phenylalanines (Phe(6,14)-penetratin, RQIKIFFQNRRMKFKK) and a shortened analog (dodeca-penetratin, RQIKIWF-R-KWKK) made up of only 12 residues. The peptides were fluorescently labeled and applied to live, unfixed cells from various lines. Cellular uptake was analysed by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry. Low temperature or ATP-depletion blocked the intracellular entry of all three penetratin peptides. A decrease in membrane fluidity or cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin greatly inhibited peptide uptake, showing the involvement of cholesterol-rich lipid rafts in internalization. Exogenous heparan sulfate also diminished the internalization of penetratin and its derivatives, reflecting the paramount importance of electrostatic interactions with polyanionic cell-surface proteoglycans. The beneficial presence of tryptophans is supported by observations on the decreased cellular uptake of Phe(6, 14)-penetratin. The maintained translocational efficiency of dodeca-penetratin demonstrates that a thorough understanding of penetratin internalization can yield new penetratin analogs with unaltered translocational abilities. This study provides evidence on the energy-dependent and lipid raft-mediated endocytic uptake of penetratin and highlights the necessity of revealing those pathways that cationic cell-penetrating peptides employ to enter live cells.
Intracellular Calcium Oscillation in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons: A Model for Glutamatergic Neurotransmission (1996)

Neurons can form a synaptic network in culture and show spontaneous oscillation of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In the present study, spontaneous oscillation of [Ca2+]i was characterized in cultured hippocampal neurons. The oscillation was blocked completely by tetrodotoxin, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX) and nicardipine, while DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) showed only a partial depression of the increase in [Ca2+]i. These results suggest that the oscillation in [Ca2+]i is mainly mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type glutamatergic transmission. The oscillation of [Ca2+]i may be a good model for analyzing glutamatergic transmission and synapse formation.
Compression of bright optical pulses by dark solitons (1993)

We show that bright optical pulses can be compressed in the wavelength region of normal group-velocity dispersion by using dark optical solitons. Various cases of the pulse compression are studied numerically for dark soliton pulses with a background of finite temporal duration.
Cardiac Interbeat Interval Increment for the Identification of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2002)

The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is high in developed countries but its diagnosis is costly. Based on physiological evidence, the frequency component of heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated as a simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool in OSAS. The predictive accuracy of frequency-domain HRV variables obtained from 24-hour ECG Holter monitoring (the power spectral density of the interbeat interval increment of very low frequencies, "VLFIpsd," and its percentage over the total power spectral density, "% VLFI"), and of established time-domain HRV variables were analyzed by comparison with respiratory disturbances indexes assessed by complete polysomnography in 124 consecutive patients (98 men aged 53.8 +/- 11.2 years) with clinically suspected OSAS. OSAS was present in 54 (43.5%) patients according to standard criteria. Using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, two of the three most powerful predictors were frequency-domain variables: % VLFI (W = 0.80, P < 0.0001), and VL-FIpsd (W = 0.79, P < 0.0001). Using a multiple logistic regression analysis, %VLFI was the most strongly associated with diseased status (adjusted OR: 8.4; 95% CI: 3.4-19.5). Using an appropriate threshold, %VLFI demonstrated a diagnostic sensitivity of 87%. A 3-month continuous positive airway pressure treatment significantly improved the same parameter. Frequency-domain analysis of the interbeat interval increment appears as a powerful tool for OSAS diagnosis and follow-up. The simplicity of its analysis and of its use makes of it a well-suited variable for mass screening of OSAS patients.
Advance in Chinese Herbs of Anti-influenza Virus (2001)

Influenza,a kind of common epidemic disease of respiratory tract,It is a pathogenic factor of pestilence,belonging to seasonal febrile disease in Chinese traditional medicine. Drugs for treating exterior syndromes,heat clearing drugs of Chinese herbs and Chinese patent medcine which mainly consisted of them can resist influenza by resisting virus,clearing heat and resisting inflammation,easing pain and increasing immune function of body.The basic principle of anti influenza in Chinese herb medcine and the Chinese patent medcine lies in supporting healthy Qi to eliminate pathogenic factors or eliminating pathogenic factors to prevent any chain of absorption,penetration,duplication and maturation in the process of propagation in virus by improving immune function of body and promoting specific and non specific immune functions.There is a very wide prospect in research and develop of Chinese herbs and Chinese patent medcine of anti-influenza virus.
Symbiosis in Paramecium Bursaria. (1975)

Paramecium bursaria normally appears green dut to several hundred symbiotic Chlorella which are dispersed throughout its cytoplasm. The symbionts are situated within individual vacuoles and these alga-vacuole complexes grow and divide at a rate compatible with that of the paramecium. The symbiotic units also persist through conjugation and the subsequent reorganization of the host. Studies of the benefit of the symbiosis to the ciliate hosts have shown that they are able to grow and survive better than aposymbiotic animals in environments deficient in bacteria. The symbionts are also able to extract nourishment from the host when it is well fed and they are deprived of light. The biochemical nature of these exchanges has not been determined. Potential symbionts usually enter the host in food vacuoles. If they are ingested in sufficient numbers, they are able to interfere with the normal course of host digestion, perhaps by preventing the release of digestive enzymes into the food vacuole. All natural symbionts of P. bursaria appear able to reinfect aposymbiotic cells. Some freeliving strains of Chlorella and related algae are also infective, but these associations are relatively unstable and provide little evident benefit to the host. Host susceptibility to infection by certain strains of free-living algae is invariably lost with time. This loss is specific and often rapid, but it does not occur simultaneously in subcultures derived from the original susceptible culture. The basis for these susceptibility changes is still unknown, but they may be related to long-lasting effect of the previous symbionts on the digestive efficiency of the paramecium host.
Effects of Topically Applied Isoproterenol on Aqueous Dynamics in Man (1970)

The effects of the single instillation in one eye of topically applied isoproterenol hydrochloride in concentrations of 5%, 2.5%, and 1.25% were evaluated in patients with ocular hypertension. Dose related reductions in intraocular pressure were found which were maximal six hours after the instillation and lasted for 12 to 62 hours. Tonography done at the time of maximal drug effect showed no reduction in resistance to aqueous outflow. Of those studied, 50% showed tachycardia of over 100 beats per minute on one or more occasions, with associated palpitations or weakness. The significance of the findings and side effects was discussed.
A neural network model of parametric nonlinear hysteretic inductors (1998)

A neural network model of nonlinear hysteretic inductors is presented. The proposed neural network model is shown to reproduce the dynamic scalar hysteretic behavior of the current-flux relationship. Moreover, the intrinsic characteristics of the neural network approach yield a model particularly suitable when dependencies on different parameters are present, e.g., influence of mobile part positions, of temperature etc. Both theoretical comparisons (e.g., Chua-Stronsmoe model and Jiles-Atherton model) and experimental measurements (e.g., variable reluctance linear motor) are considered. Results point out the numerical accuracy and computational efficiency of the proposed NN approach, that results in a general framework useful in the field of electric machines, of electronic power circuits, of control and identification.
A Candidate Gene Study of Canine Joint Diseases (2009)

Canine osteoarthritis (OA) commonly occurs in association with articular diseases, such as hip dysplasia (HD), elbow dysplasia (ED), or cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR). We hypothesized that a common genomic risk for the development of canine joint disease and canine OA would be identified by evaluating the allele frequencies of candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in dogs with OA associated with different articular diseases when compared with a general population of breed-matched dogs. DNA was extracted from blood samples obtained from Labrador Retrievers and Golden Retrievers surgically treated for ED, HD, and CCLR and confirmed to have radiographic evidence of OA. One hundred and thirteen SNPs in 20 candidate genes were genotyped. No significant associations were identified for SNPs or haplotypes in the candidate genes for the diseases evaluated. The candidate gene approach for the study of genetic association is unlikely to be successful for complex canine diseases such as OA without prior trait mapping evaluation.
Review: The Role of Cytokines in the Catabolic Consequences of Infection and Injury (1998)

During infection and injury a series of metabolic events are activated that leads to a state of negative nitrogen balance and significant loss of lean body mass. This process is characterized by marked anorexia, net whole body protein breakdown, and liver anabolism. This host response initially is beneficial to the body because it helps it to fight disease and enhance healing. However, if such imbalance is maintained for long periods, it will invariably produce significant loss of lean body mass that may lead to a series of untoward clinical events. The role of the proximate cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) as well as glucocorticoids as important mediators of many pathophysiological manifestations of infection and injury has been studied extensively. However, the involvement of other mediators, at least in skeletal muscle proteolysis during sepsis has been hypothesized, because blockade of glucocorticoids, TNF, IL-1, and IL-6 reduces but does not normalize protein breakdown rates nor does the direct application of these mediators to skeletal muscle in vitro enhance proteolysis. Furthermore other studies have suggested that the lymphokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma, type II interferon or immune interferon), produces fever and enhances thermogenesis, body weight loss, and skeletal muscle depletion in rodents in a manner similar to that seen with TNF and IL-1. Cytokines appear to be major components of the host metabolic response during infection and injury. However, neither all the cytokines involved nor the exact mechanisms underlying their metabolic effects are completely understood. The regulation of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, which largely determines the development of cachexia, appears to depend on the delicate balance between a number of regulatory substances including cytokines, glucocorticoids, catecholamines, insulin, and insulin-like growth factors.
Object and Source Coverage for Critical Applications with the C OUVERTURE Open Analysis Framework (2010)

International audience
Abnormal resting-state cortical coupling in chronic tinnitus (2009)

In the here presented data set we found strong support for an alteration of long-range coupling in tinnitus. Long-range coupling in the alpha frequency band was decreased for tinnitus patients while long-range gamma coupling was increased. These changes discriminate well between tinnitus and control participants. We propose a tinnitus model that integrates this finding in the current knowledge about tinnitus. Furthermore we discuss the impact of this finding to tinnitus therapies using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
A new approach for terrain analysis in mobile robot applications (2013)

This paper presents a novel approach to detect traversable and non-traversable regions of the environment from a depth image that could enhance mobility and safety of mobile robots through integration with localization, control and planning methods. The proposed system is based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA theory provides a powerful means to analyze 3D surfaces widely used in computer vision. It can be successfully applied, as well, to increase the degree of perception in autonomous vehicles, as new generations of 3D imaging sensors, including stereo and RGB-D-cameras, are increasingly introduced. The approach described in this paper is based on the estimation of the normal vector to a local surface leading to the definition of a novel, so-called, Unevenness Point Descriptor. Experimental results, obtained from indoor and outdoor environments, are presented to validate the system. It is demonstrated that the proposed approach can be effectively used for scene segmentation and it can efficiently handle difficult scenarios, including the presence of terrain slopes.
Expression of calbindin-D28K in motoneuron hybrid cells after retroviral infection with calbindin-D28K cDNA prevents amyotrophic lateral sclerosis IgG-mediated cytotoxicity. (1996)

Calbindin-D28K and/or parvalbumin appear to influence the selective vulnerability of motoneurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Their immunoreactivity is undetectable in motoneurons readily damaged in human ALS, and in differentiated motoneuron hybrid cells [ventral spinal cord (VSC 4.1 cells)] that undergo calcium-dependent apoptotic cell death in the presence of ALS immunoglobulins. To provide additional evidence for the role of calcium-binding proteins in motoneuron vulnerability, VSC 4.1 cells were infected with a retrovirus carrying calbindin-D28K cDNA under the control of the promoter of the phosphoglycerate kinase gene. Differentiated calbindin-D28K cDNA-infected cells expressed high calbindin-D28K and demonstrated increased resistance to ALS IgG-mediated toxicity. Treatment with calbindin-D28K antisense oligodeoxynucleotides, which significantly decreased calbindin-D28K expression, rendered these cells vulnerable again to ALS IgG toxicity.
Isolation and mapping of RAB2L, a human cDNA that encodes a protein homologous to RalGDS (1996)

We have isolated a novel human cDNA, designated RAB2L, that encodes a protein homologous to Ral guanine nucleotide dissociation stimulator (RalGDS). The predicted sequence of 122 amino acids revealed 39.5% identity with the C-terminal region of human RalGDS. As the C-terminal region of RalGDS is considered to interact with RAS, the product of this novel gene may also play some role in the ras-mediated signal transduction pathway. Northern analysis revealed that the gene RAB2L is expressed in all human tissues examined. We assigned this gene locus to chromosome band 6p21.3 by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Image reconstruction in optical tomography (1997)

Optical tomography is a new medical imaging modality that is at the threshold of realization. A large amount of clinical work has shown the very real benefits that such a method could provide. At the same time a considerable effort has been put into theoretical studies of its probable success. At present there exist gaps between these two realms. In this paper we review some general approaches to inverse problems to set the context for optical tomography, defining both the terms forward problem and inverse problem. An essential requirement is to treat the problem in a nonlinear fashion, by using an iterative method. This in turn requires a convenient method of evaluating the forward problem, and its derivatives and variance. Photon transport models are described for obtaining analytical and numerical solutions for the most commonly used ones are reviewed. The inverse problem is approached by classical gradient-based solution methods. In order to develop practical implementations of these methods, we discuss the important topic of photon measurement density functions, which represent the derivative of the forward problem. We show some results that represent the most complex and realistic simulations of optical tomography yet developed. We suggest, in particular, that both time-resolved, and intensity-modulated systems can reconstruct variations in both optical absorption and scattering, but that unmodulated, non-time-resolved systems are prone to severe artefact. We believe that optical tomography reconstruction methods can now be reliably applied to a wide variety of real clinical data. The expected resolution of the method is poor, meaning that it is unlikely that the type of high-resolution images seen in computed tomography or medical resonance imaging can ever be obtained. Nevertheless we strongly expect the functional nature of these images to have a high degree of clinical significance.
Convolution and imaging in acoustic-surface-wave thin-film guides (1973)

Acoustic-surface-wave thin-film guides can be used for nonlinear signal processing. Advantages, potential and achieved, relative to nonguided arrangements are discussed. Such guides can also be used to image a transversely incident acoustic wavefront.
Effect of Chain Length on the Formation and Stability of Synthetic .alpha.-Helical Coiled Coils (1994)

A series of polypeptides containing 9, 12, 16, 19, 23, 26, 30, 33, and 35 amino acid residues was designed to investigate the effects of peptide chain length on the formation and stability of two-stranded alpha-helical dimers or coiled coils. These peptides were synthesized by the solid-phase method, purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and characterized by RP-HPLC, amino acid composition analysis, and mass spectrometry. The amphipathic alpha-helical peptides were designed to dimerize by interchain hydrophobic interactions at positions a and d and interchain salt bridges between lysine and glutamic acid residues at positions e and g of the repeating heptad sequence of Glu-Ile-Glu-Ala-Leu-Lys-Ala (g-a-b-c-d-e-f). The ability of these peptides to form alpha-helical structures in the presence and absence of a helix-inducing reagent (trifluoroethanol) was monitored by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The helicity of the peptides increased with increasing chain length in a cooperative manner. A minimum of three heptads corresponding to six helical turns was required for a peptide to adopt the two-stranded alpha-helical coiled coil conformation in aqueous medium. The increased stability of the peptides as a result of an increase in hydrophobic interactions (chain length) was demonstrated by the shift in the transitions of the guanidine hydrochloride (Gdn.HCl) denaturation and thermal unfolding profiles. The concentrations of denaturant (Gdn.HCl) required to achieve 50% denaturation are 3.2, 4.9, 6.9, and 7.5 M for peptides 23r, 26r, 30r, and 33r, respectively, in aqueous medium. However, the effect of a chain length increase on coiled-coil stability was not additive. The melting temperature, Tm, at which 50% of the helicity is lost, increased by 34 degrees C in changing the peptide chain length from 23 to 26; however, that shift was only 14 degrees C when the chain length was increased from 30 to 33 residues. These results are consistent with a chain length dependent cooperative folding of the peptides into coiled coils.
Update on anemia and neutropenia in copper deficiency (2011)

Patients presenting with refractory anemia and leukopenia with or without associated neurologic deficits should have copper and ceruloplasmin levels measured as part of their diagnostic evaluation.
A measurement of propagation delay (2007)

A measurement method and associated uncertainty analysis have been developed for the measurement of propagation or group delay in electrical transmission lines and optical fibres. The measurement method and uncertainty analysis were applied to measurements of optical fibre delay lines that introduce tens of microseconds of delay (1 km, 2 km and 4 km fibre lengths) and trombone lines that introduce sub-nanosecond delays. For the measurement method described here, uncertainties in the measured delay are as low as 90 fs (95% confidence interval) for a propagation delay of 660 ps and less than 200 ps (95% confidence interval) for a propagation delay of 20 µs.
Research on the Oil-Gas-Water Three-Phase Flow Experimental Apparatus (2011)

The oil-gas-water three-phase flow experimental apparatus in key laboratory of process monitoring and control in Tianjin University is a set of indoor small experimental device, which can simulate oil wells, simulate the pipeline transport of multiphase flow and study the experiment of multiphase flow. The device includes energy power dynamic systems, measurement pipelines systems, multiphase flow test pipelines system, control valves, sampling and control system platform. The software of the control system is mixed programming between the configuration software MCGS and the Visual Basic.
An improved map matching algorithm for intelligent transportation system (2008)

In the paper, an algorithm is put forward based on fuzzy logic for real-time matching of GPS positioning results, which is integrated with DR in intelligent transportation system. Besides, at junctions this algorithm makes use of road network topological structure and the continuity of vehicles' track to choose the continuing route with maximum possibility as a matched result from multiple candidates. The algorithm can be widely used as its computation is easy and the matching result is more accurate.
Mass flowmeter using a multi-sensor chip (2002)

We report here a novel mass flowmeter using a multisensor chip that includes a 1-D array of pressure, temperature and shear stress sensors. This shear stress sensor based flowmeter is capable of high sensitivity and wide measurement range. Our study also shows that the mass flowmeter using shear-stress sensors produces better resolution than that from pressure sensors in the laminar flow regime. Extensive tests have been carried out to evaluate the effects of overheat ratio, channel height and gas properties. We also find the V/sup 2//spl prop//spl tau//sup 1/3/ law for conventional hot film sensors does not hold for our micromachined shear stress sensor.
Cytotoxicity and Antiestrogenicity of a Novel Series of Basic Diphenylethylenes (1997)

On the premise that it is necessary to develop antiestrogens with a higher cytotoxic component in order to reduce the risks of the development of heterogeneous malignant cell populations in breast cancer, we studied a novel series of basic diphenylethylenes, for the most part devoid of estrogenic activity, with low antiestrogenicity but much enhanced cytotoxicity compared to the reference drug tamoxifen. The main structural features associated with cytotoxicity were E isomery, substituents of five to eight carbons on the ethylene bond, and dibasicity.