gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic table ground truth generation and a background-analysis-based table structure extraction method (2002)

We first describe an automatic table ground truth generation system which can efficiently generate a large amount of accurate table ground truth suitable for the development of table detection algorithms. Then a novel background analysis-based, coarse-to-fine table identification algorithm and an X-Y cut table decomposition algorithm are described. We discuss an experimental protocol to evaluate the table detection algorithms. For a total of 1,125 document pages having 518 table entities and a total of 10,941 cell entities, our table detection algorithm takes line, word segmentation results as input and obtains around 90% cell correct detection rates.
Acetal Cellulose Reactants (1958)

Three types of acetal cellulose reactants are discussed. Two are in commercial use and one is in the development stage. A general description of the nature of their re actions with cellulose is followed by an analysis of the data obtained from the laboratory evaluations of mill processed fabrics. The acetal cellulose reactants are a group of materials which produce non-chlorine retentive dimensional control and a wide variety of hand effects including softness, permanent stiffness, and a range of crease resistances.
The Isomeric 2,3-Epoxypentanes and 2-Pentenes. The Extent to which Mixtures of Diastereomers Are Formed in Reactions of Some Pentane Compounds (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Isomeric 2,3-Epoxypentanes and 2-Pentenes. The Extent to which Mixtures of Diastereomers Are Formed in Reactions of Some Pentane CompoundsH. J. Lucas, M. J. Schlatter, and R. C. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 22–28Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Endogenous Neuropeptide Y in Rat Hippocampus and Its Metabolism by Nanospray Mass Spectrometry (1997)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a 36-residue-long neuropeptide which has been implicated in the regulation of feeding behavior and modulation of the circadian rhythm. We identified the primary structure of the endogenous NPY-immunoreactive material in the rat hippocampus using a combination of chromatographic techniques and nanospray mass spectrometry. The major component in the brain tissue corresponded to the authentic amidated form of NPY(1-36). The fate of NPY in the central nervous system was studied by subjecting pure peptide to the protease(s) present in hippocampal synaptosomes to reveal potential cleavage site(s). NPY was efficiently metabolized with a single cleavage between Leu30-Ile31. Thus, processing of NPY resulted in formation of the C-terminally truncated fragment NPY(1-30) and its counterpart NPY(31-36). The enzyme revealed properties of aspartic protease, being blocked by pepstatin and having a pH optimum between 4 and 5. The data clarify the structure of NPY and its inactivation pathway in the brain, which is different from that found in the periphery, and may have important consequences in vivo.
Effect of Maillard reaction products on the growth of selected food-poisoning micro-organisms (1991)

Journal Article Effect of Maillard reaction products on the growth of selected food‐poisoning micro‐organisms Get access M.L. Stecchini, M.L. Stecchini Istituto di Tecnologie Alimentari, Facoltà di Agraria, via Marangoni 97, Udine, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. Giavedoni, P. Giavedoni Istituto di Tecnologie Alimentari, Facoltà di Agraria, via Marangoni 97, Udine, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar I. Sarais, I. Sarais Istituto di Tecnologie Alimentari, Facoltà di Agraria, via Marangoni 97, Udine, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar C.R. Lerici C.R. Lerici Istituto di Tecnologie Alimentari, Facoltà di Agraria, via Marangoni 97, Udine, Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Letters in Applied Microbiology, Volume 13, Issue 2, 1 August 1991, Pages 93–96, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1991.tb00579.x Published: 01 August 1991 Article history Received: 22 April 1991 Accepted: 07 May 1991 Published: 01 August 1991
A stable, high capacity, F-actin affinity column. (1982)

A high capacity F-actin affinity matrix is constructed by binding fluorescyl-actin to rabbit anti-fluorescein IgG that is covalently bound to Sepharose 4B. When stabilized with phalloidin, the actin remains associated with the Sepharose beads during repeated washes, activates the ATPase activity of myosin subfragment 1, and specifically binds 125I-heavy meromyosin and 125I-tropomyosin. The associations between the F-actin affinity matrix and the iodinated F-actin binding proteins are monitored both by affinity chromatography and by a rapid, low speed sedimentation assay. Anti-fluorescein IgG-Sepharose should be generally useful as a matrix for the immobilization of proteins containing accessible, covalently bound fluorescein groups.
neuroConstruct: A Tool for Modeling Networks of Neurons in 3D Space (2007)

Conductance-based neuronal network models can help us understand how synaptic and cellular mechanisms underlie brain function. However, these complex models are difficult to develop and are inaccessible to most neuroscientists. Moreover, even the most biologically realistic network models disregard many 3D anatomical features of the brain. Here, we describe a new software application, neuroConstruct, that facilitates the creation, visualization, and analysis of networks of multicompartmental neurons in 3D space. A graphical user interface allows model generation and modification without programming. Models within neuroConstruct are based on new simulator-independent NeuroML standards, allowing automatic generation of code for NEURON or GENESIS simulators. neuroConstruct was tested by reproducing published models and its simulator independence verified by comparing the same model on two simulators. We show how more anatomically realistic network models can be created and their properties compared with experimental measurements by extending a published 1D cerebellar granule cell layer model to 3D.
Emergence of vancomycin resistance in the genus Streptococcus: characterization of a vanB transferable determinant in Streptococcus bovis (1997)

Streptococcus bovis NEM760 was isolated from a stool swab collected on admission from a patient as surveillance for vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Strain NEM760 was identified as S. bovis by conventional biochemical methods and partial sequence analysis of its 16S rRNA. This strain was resistant to a low level of vancomycin (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml) but was susceptible to teicoplanin (MIC, 1 micrograms/ml), and vancomycin induced resistance to both glycopeptides. The presence of a vanB-related gene in NEM760 was demonstrated in a PCR assay which enabled specific amplification of a 635-hp internal segment of vanB. Sequence analysis of the corresponding PCR product revealed that it was highly homologous (96% identity) to the prototype vanB sequence of Enterococcus faecalis V583. The VanB resistance of determinant of S. bovis NEM760 was transferred by conjugation to E. faecalis and Enterococcus faecium at a similar frequency of 2 x 10(-5) per donor. SmaI-digested genomic DNAs of independently obtained transconjugants of E. faecalis and E. faecium were analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and Southern hybridization with a vanB DNA probe. The electrophoretic and hybridization patterns obtained with all transconjugants of the same species were indistinguishable and revealed vanB-containing chromosomal insertions of approximately 100 kb. These results suggest that the genes mediating VanB-type resistance in S. bovis NEM760 are part of large transferable genetic elements. The results presented in the report demonstrate for the first time the role of streptococci in the dissemination of vancomycin resistance among gram-positive bacteria.
Mapping of a candidate colorectal cancer tumor‐suppressor gene to a 900‐kilobase region on the short arm of chromosome 8 (2004)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on 8p occurs at high frequencies in many tumor types, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC). We previously used microcell-mediated chromosome transfer (MMCT) into the CRC cell line SW620 to map a approximately 7.7-Mb colorectal cancer-suppressor region (CRCSR) at 8p22-23.1. In the current study, we transferred small fragments of this CRCSR into SW620 to refine the region further. Two microcell hybrids containing a 321- to 898-kb region around the D8S552 marker at 8p23.1 showed suppression of soft agar clonicity and tumorigenicity in athymic mice when compared to control cell lines. These data suggest that the putative colorectal tumor-suppressor gene is within this small region. We analyzed two candidate genes within this region: FLJ23749 and KIAA1456. Expression of both genes was detected in normal colonic crypt cells and in mucosa. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction showed downregulation of KIAA1456 in 9 of 12 primary colorectal tumors compared to matching normal mucosa, but normal or increased expression of FLJ23749. FLJ23749 was expressed in all CRC cell lines tested; however, KIAA1456 was downregulated in three cell lines, including SW620, and was restored in the suppressed microcell hybrids. 5'aza-2'Deoxycytidine treatment of the downregulated cell lines restored expression of KIAA1456, but bisulfite genomic sequencing did not show a correlation between promoter methylation and expression. Forty percent of the primary tumors showed LOH at this CRCSR locus, and mutation analysis revealed somatic mutations in 1 of 88 primary colorectal tumors for both KIAA1456 and FLJ23749. Despite the rarity of somatic mutations, the expression data suggest that KIAA1456 is still a candidate for the putative 8p colorectal cancer tumor-suppressor gene.
Enhanced FBG strain sensing multiplexing capacity using combination of intensity and wavelength dual-coding technique (1999)

A novel concept for interrogating a fiber Bragg grating sensor array using intensity and wavelength dual-coded multiplexing (IWDM) is proposed and evaluated. In comparison with conventional wavelength-division-multiplexed sensor systems, IWDM allows the number of sensing gratings in an array to be doubled without sacrificing dynamic range and without additional cost or complexity of interrogation. A practical strain sensing system based on IWDM and using specifically produced gratings with a dual-peaked spectral response has been demonstrated with 50-Hz interrogation rate and 1 μ/spl epsiv/ resolution.
List of theses in Foreign Missions and Related Subjects Accepted during the Academic Year 1960–1961 (1961)

The compilar expresses gratitude to the professors of missions and all other persons who through roperts, or otherwise, have made the following compilation of theses possible. The theses reported ore principally in the field of world missions and the ecumenical church, or are related,’ to subjects of espacial interest to students and scholars in missions, and were written during the years 1960 and 1961. The annotations which follow some of the titles have been written by the professors who reported them. As a matter of policy, B.D. and M.R.E. theses are no longer included. The report includes papers from 18 theological schools and seminaries and from 10 universities and colleges. Inquiries concerning a title should not be addressed to the Missionary Research Library but to the school where a thesis has originated. An index to subjects will be found on page 8.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF UREA AND OTHER NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS IN CHLORELLA ELLIPSOIDEA (1958)

Journal Article STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF UREA AND OTHER NITROGENOUS COMPOUNDS IN CHLORELLA ELLIPSOIDEA: II. CHANGES ON LEVELS OF AMINO ACIDS AND AMIDES DURING THE ASSIMILATION OF AMMONIA AND UREA BY NITROGEN-STARVED CELLS Get access AKIHIKO HATTORI AKIHIKO HATTORI Institute of Applied Microbiology, University of TokyoTokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 45, Issue 1, January 1958, Pages 57–64, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126800 Published: 01 January 1958 Article history Received: 28 August 1957 Published: 01 January 1958
A 1.5-V current-mode CMOS sample-and-hold IC with 57-dB S/N at 20 MS/s and 54-dB S/N at 30 MS/s (2001)

A new video-speed current-mode CMOS sample-and-hold IC has been developed. It operates with a supply voltage as low as 1.5 V, a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 57 dB and 54 dB with a 1-MHz input signal at clock frequencies of 20 and 30 MHz, and a power dissipation of 2.3 mW. It consists of current-mirror circuits with the node voltages at the input and the output terminals which are kept constant in all phases of the input signal by the use of low-voltage operational amplifiers; this reduces the signal current dependency. The low-voltage operational amplifier consists of a MOS transistor and a constant current source in a common-gate amplifier configuration. Only two analog switches in differential form were used to construct the differential sample-and-hold circuit. This minimizes the error caused by the switch feed through, and thus high accuracy can be realized. Since there is no analog switch in the input path, it is possible to convert the input signal voltage to a current by simply connecting an external resistor. The circuit was fabricated using standard 0.6-/spl mu/m MOS devices with normal threshold voltages (V/sub th/) of +0.7 V (nMOS) and -0.7 V (pMOS).
Direct synthesis of uniform hollow carbon spheres by a self-assembly template approachElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: SEM pictures of the products from simple mixing. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b2/b205723a/ (2002)

Hollow carbon spheres (50-100 nm) have been synthesized by a self-assembly approach using hexachlorobenzene and Na. NaCl which generated during the reaction has been successfully exploited as a template for the direct synthesis of porous carbon materials, which can be subsequently removed from carbon product by annealing above 1400 degrees C.
Triaxial accelerometer static calibration (2011)

A new approach is studied to calibrate a low-cost, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) triaxial accelerometer. The accelerometer is modeled as a linear system with inter-axis misalignment correction. Mathematically, at least nine different equations, equivalent to nine positions of an accelerometer, are needed to solve for nine unknowns (3 scale factors, 3 zero bias, 3 misalignment angles). However, a new approach is studied to minimize the number of positions needed. Three new linear equations corresponding to each axis are formulated. To validate the equations, a triaxial accelerometer was positioned at twelve known orientations and its outputs were measured. All possible combination of positions were attempted iteratively. Singularity is identified using the principle of matrix rank. Results from twelve positions and six positions were almost identical, suggesting that six positions are adequate to solve nine unknowns.
Future vehicle detection concepts (1970)

This paper presents some of the economic and technical considerations for development of future noncooperative vehicle-detector systems. Vehicle-detector accuracy requirements, installation cost, location, and the roadway environment are used to develop a set of preferred vehicle detector characteristics. In addition, a description of vehicle detectors, considered for development by the Bureau of Public Roads, and some of the current vehicle-detector concepts under development, are presented.
<title>Cryogenic servo-stabilized Fabry-Perot interferometer for imaging at 2-2.5 microns</title> (1996)

A cryogenically cooled Fabry-Perot etalon for imaging in the 2-2.5 micrometers , K band, spectral region has been constructed. Capacitance sensors monitor the etalon mirror spacing and parallelism and provide the error signals for active cavity control in a feedback loop with piezoelectric actuators. The new K band etalon is designed to be compatible with the Queensgate Instruments Ltd. CS100/ET servo-stabilized Fabry- Perot system. 3-5 micrometers cryogenically cooled etalons have also been made and coatings are also available for the 8-13 micrometers range. Working in the K band range permits the use of water free silica substrates which in turn allows the cavity spacing to be extended beyond the nominal 100 micrometers cavity spacing of the 3-5 micrometers etalons by using specially manufactured optically contacted capacitor pads. Under servo-control at 77K the etalon has a response time of 30ms and a minimum cavity tuning range of +/- 3 micrometers about the nominal cavity length, corresponding to at least 5 orders of interference at a wavelength of 2.5 micrometers . The etalon aperture has a nominal diameter of 50mm.
Synthesis and Surface Properties of Novel Amphiphilic Fluorosilicone Oligomers (1994)

New fluorosilicone co-oligomers were obtained by reactions of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with trimethoxyvinylsilane and methacrylate monomers containing poly (oxyethylene) units. The cooligomers were found useful as amphiphilic fluorosilane coupling agents.
Visible Light-Driven Cross-Coupling Reactions at Lower Temperatures Using a Photocatalyst of Palladium and Gold Alloy Nanoparticles (2014)

Palladium (Pd)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are among the most important methods in organic synthesis. We report the discovery of highly efficient and green photocatalytic processes by which cross-coupling reactions, including Sonogashira, Stille, Hiyama, Ullmann, and Buchwald–Hartwig reactions, can be driven with visible light at temperatures slightly above room temperature using alloy nanoparticles of gold and Pd on zirconium oxide, thus achieving high yields. The alloy nanoparticles absorb visible light, and their conduction electrons gain energy, which is available at the surface Pd sites. Results of the density functional theory calculations indicate that transfer of the light excited electrons from the nanoparticle surface to the reactant molecules adsorbed on the nanoparticle surface activates the reactants. When the light intensity was increased, a higher reaction rate was observed, because of the increased population of photoexcited electrons. The irradiation wavelength also has an important impact on the reaction rates. Ultraviolet irradiation can drive some reactions with the chlorobenzene substrate, while visible light irradiation failed to, and substantially improve the yields of the reactions with the bromobenzene substrate. The discovery reveals the possibility of using low-energy and -density sources such as sunlight to drive chemical transformations.
Escherichia coli K-12 Suppressor-free Mutants Lacking Early Glycosyltransferases and Late Acyltransferases (2009)

To elucidate the minimal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) structure needed for the viability of Escherichia coli, suppressor-free strains lacking either the 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid transferase waaA gene or derivatives of the heptosyltransferase I waaC deletion with lack of one or all late acyltransferases (lpxL/M/P) and/or various outer membrane biogenesis factors were constructed. Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) and waaA mutants exhibited highly attenuated growth, whereas simultaneous deletion of waaC and surA was lethal. Analyses of LPS of suppressor-free waaA mutants grown at 21 degrees C, besides showing accumulation of free lipid IV(A) precursor, also revealed the presence of its pentaacylated and hexaacylated derivatives, indicating in vivo late acylation can occur without Kdo. In contrast, LPS of Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) strains showed primarily Kdo(2)-lipid IV(A), indicating that these minimal LPS structures are sufficient to support growth of E. coli under slow-growth conditions at 21/23 degrees C. These lipid IV(A) derivatives could be modified biosynthetically by phosphoethanolamine, but not by 4-amino-4-deoxy-l-arabinose, indicating export defects of such minimal LPS. DeltawaaA and Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) exhibited cell-division defects with a decrease in the levels of FtsZ and OMP-folding factor PpiD. These mutations led to strong constitutive additive induction of envelope responsive CpxR/A and sigma(E) signal transduction pathways. Delta(lpxL lpxM lpxP) mutant, with intact waaC, synthesized tetraacylated lipid A and constitutively incorporated a third Kdo in growth medium inducing synthesis of P-EtN and l-Ara4N. Overexpression of msbA restored growth of Delta(lpxL lpxM lpxP) under fast-growing conditions, but only partially that of the Delta(waaC lpxL lpxM lpxP) mutant. This suppression could be alleviated by overexpression of certain mutant msbA alleles or the single-copy chromosomal MsbA-498V variant in the vicinity of Walker-box II.
Non-radioactive Labeling and Detection of Nucleic Acids. III Applications of the Digoxigenin System (1990)

The digoxigenin-based non-radioactive DNA labeling and detection system was applied in various hybridization protocols using digoxigenin-labeled probes obtained by enzymatic incorporation of Dig-[11]-dUTP. In genomic blots single-copy genes (human tissue-type plasminogen activator, constant part of immunoglobulin kappa light chain) can be detected with only 0.5 to 5 micrograms human DNA depending on the type of probe and the length of the hybridizing region. Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, the digoxigenin system is also appropriate for colony-, plaque-, and in situ hybridizations with metaphase chromosome spreads and fixed cells. Especially in the latter applications it is of great advantage, that with the digoxigenin system any significant background or unspecific side reactions with biological materials are avoided.
Controlled Thermal Injury of Bone Report of a Percutaneous Technique Using Radiofrequency Electrode and Generator (1989)

Percutaneous ablation of the trigeminal ganglion using radiofrequency energy is an accepted treatment for trigeminal neuralgia. To test the applicability of this system to the percutaneous ablation of bone neoplasms, the authors studied its effects in the normal femurs of four living dogs. Lesions were made of various duration and spaced over time to determine the extent of injury and the natural history of healing. Bone and bone marrow necrosis was limited to a sphere approximately 1 cm in diameter, regardless of the probe size or duration of heating. No complications were encountered. This technique may be useful in the treatment of certain benign neoplasms of bone that are otherwise resected.