gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential and limitations of soil organic matter build-up in dry areas (2010)

Semi-arid areas comprise a large portion of the world’s agricultural crop land. These areas are characterised by high temperature and low rainfall which hinders soil organic matter accumulation. The reported experiments were designed to study the effect of soil organic matter (SOM) from green manure crops on soil physical properties in two contrasting soils, sandy clay loam and loamy sand under the severe conditions of high temperature and low rainfall that exist in the eastern wheat belt of Western Australia. To remove soil physical and chemical constraints, the soils were deep ripped to 0.4 m after the application of 2.5 t/ha of gypsum. Basal fertilizers were applied according to soil tests to remove possible nutrient deficiencies. Cereals and legume crops were incorporated by disc cultivation into the soils as green manure for four consecutive years. Two plant groups, cereals and legumes were used to provide green manure. Oat (Avena sativa) as a cereal with high C:N ratio (95) and either faba bean (Vicia faba), field pea (Pisum sativum) or lupin (Lupinus angustifolius) were used as legumes with low C:N ratios (12 -18). These crops were arranged in three treatments for each soil type consisting of different crop sequences. A total of between 14 and 20 t/ha of green material was incorporated into the top soil over four years. All treatments increased soil organic matter significantly compared to the initial soil values but no significant differences between treatments (crop sequences) were observed. Water stable aggregates and soil bulk density were significantly improved by all treatments but no significant differences were observed between treatments. Soil water infiltration was not significantly increased by the green manure treatments after ripping and gypsum addition, though it was significantly different between treatments. The SOM increased from around 1.28 to 1.96%, well below the critical value suggested in the literature for more humid areas to sustain healthy soil, and not as high as expected from the high quantity of green material returned to the soil. However, the levels of organic carbon increase were comparable with those predicted from a CSIRO carbon model. These results point to the dominant role of soil and weather conditions in the low rainfall cropping zone of Western Australia in limiting the build-up of soil organic matter content, regardless of amount or composition of green manure applied.
The regulatory arena of laser technology. (1992)

The regulatory arena of laser technology can be a very simple or a very complex issue. It is simple if one looks to the only true "regulation" of lasers, ie, the Food and Drug Administration, which has an involved Code of Federal Regulations for the manufacturers of lasers and related technology. It is complex if one looks at all the other recommended guidelines or standards of practice for lasers presented by various organizations. The interpretation and implementation of any of these is an individual responsibility.
A phase tracking system for three phase utility interface inverters (2000)

The analysis and design of the phase-locked loop (PLL) system is presented for the phase tracking system of the three phase utility interface inverters. The dynamic behavior of the closed loop PLL system is investigated in both continuous and discrete-time domains, and the optimization method is considered for the second order PLL system. In particular, the performance of the three phase PLL system is analyzed in the distorted utility conditions such as the phase unbalancing, harmonics, and offset caused by the nonlinear load conditions and measurement errors. The tracking errors under these distorted utility conditions are also derived. The phase tracking system is implemented in a digital manner using a digital signal processor (DSP) to verify the analytic results. The design considerations for the phase tracking system are deduced from the analytic and experimental results.
Stereoselective drug disposition: potential for misinterpretation of drug disposition data. (1988)

1. Although it is well recognised that the enantiomers of a chiral drug may possess different pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, many studies dealing with chiral drugs which are administered as their racemates rely on non-stereoselective analytical techniques. 2. We present a theoretical analysis to illustrate the potential which exists for misinterpretation of drug disposition and plasma drug concentration-effect data generated for a racemic drug using a non-stereoselective assay. 3. It was shown that the use of such an analytical method can lead to the collection of data which may be both quantitatively and qualitatively inaccurate with respect to the individual enantiomers. For example, the clearance of the unresolved drug may indicate concentration- and time-dependence even though this pharmacokinetic process is concentration- and time-independent for each of the enantiomers. 4. The problems discussed emphasise the need to consider stereoselectivity in clinical pharmacological studies involving racemic drugs.
Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1 A1–Positive Cell Population Is Enriched in Tumor-Initiating Cells and Associated with Progression of Bladder Cancer (2010)

Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1A1) has recently been suggested as a marker for cancer stem or stem-like cancer cells of some human malignancies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the stem cell-related function and clinical significance of the ALDH1A1 in bladder urothelial cell carcinoma. Aldefluor assay was used to isolate ALDH1A1+ cells from bladder cancer cells. Stem cell characteristics of the ALDH1A1+ cells were then investigated by in vitro and in vivo approaches. Immunohistochemistry was done for evaluating ALDH1A1 expression on 22 normal bladder tissues and 216 bladder tumor specimens of different stage and grade. The ALDH1A1+ cancer cells displayed higher in vitro tumorigenicity compared with isogenic ALDH1A1- cells. The ALDH1A1+ cancer cells could generate xenograft tumors that resembled the histopathologic characteristics and heterogeneity of the parental cells. High ALDH1A1 expression was found in 26% (56 of 216) of human bladder tumor specimens and significantly related to advanced pathologic stage, high histologic grade, recurrence and progression, and metastasis of bladder urothelial cell carcinomas (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, ALDH1A1 expression was inversely associated with cancer-specific and overall survivals of the patients (P = 0.027 and 0.030, respectively). Therefore, ALDH1A1+ cell population could be enriched in tumor-initiating cells. ALDH1A1 may serve as a useful marker for monitoring the progression of bladder tumor and identifying bladder cancer patients with poor prognosis who might benefit from adjuvant and effective treatments.
On the mechanism of fluid exchange of tissues <i>in vitro</i> (1956)

The flasks were kept at 00 to inhibit metabolism and were shaken in a Dubnoff Metabolic Shaking Incubator (Pre- cision Scientific Co., Chicago, U.S.A.) for 30 min. The slices were reblotted and then weighed.
Effect of internal reflections on wavelength access in widely tunable laser diodes (1998)

A key issue in widely tumble laser diodes employing codirectional mode coupling is the number of accessible wavelength channels. Depending on the device structure, only a fraction of about 25% of the available cavity modes can typically be accessed. In this paper, we identify the suppression of individual longitudinal modes by internal reflections at the grating and other waveguide inhomogeneities as the relevant physical mechanism limiting the number of accessible modes. A vertical coupler filter (VCF) is analyzed in detail by the transfer matrix method, yielding analytical expressions for the internal reflections. Owing to fabrication tolerances the location of the index perturbation varies randomly, leading to a random phase of each reflection contribution. The internal reflections influence the filter transfer function and thus may randomly suppress or enhance individual modes. The fraction of accessible wavelength channels of a VCF-based laser structure has been calculated as a function of the relevant technological parameters, showing good agreement with experimental data. It is shown that by tapering the index discontinuities, a marked reduction of internal reflections can be obtained and a complete wavelength access to all longitudinal modes appears feasible.
Wavelength-Dependent Electron and Energy Transfer Pathways in a Side-to-Face Ruthenium Porphyrin/Perylene Bisimide Assembly (2005)

A new side-to-face supramolecular array of chromophores, where a pyridyl-substituted perylene bisimide dye axially binds to two ruthenium porphyrin fragments, has been prepared by self-assembly. The array is formulated as DPyPBI[Ru(TPP)(CO)](2), where DPyPBI = N,N'-di(4-pyridyl)-1,6,7,12-tetra(4-tert-butylphenoxy)perylene-3,4:9,10-tetracarboxylic acid bisimide and TPP = 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin. The photophysical behavior of DPyPBI[Ru(TPP)(CO)](2) has been studied by fast (nanoseconds) and ultrafast (femtoseconds) time-resolved techniques. The observed behavior sharply changes with excitation wavelength, depending on whether the DPyPBI or Ru(TPP)(CO) units are excited. After DPyPBI excitation, the strong fluorescence typical of this unit is completely quenched, and time-resolved spectroscopy reveals the occurrence of photoinduced electron transfer from the ruthenium porphyrin to the perylene bisimide dye (tau = 5.6 ps) followed by charge recombination (tau = 270 ps). Upon excitation of the Ru(TPP)(CO) fragments, on the other hand, ultrafast (tau < 1 ps) intersystem crossing is followed by triplet energy transfer from the ruthenium porphyrin to the perylene bisimide dye (tau = 720 ps). The perylene-based triplet state decays to the ground state on a longer time scale (tau = 9.8 micros). The photophysics of this supramolecular array provides remarkable examples of (i) wavelength-dependent behavior (a small change in excitation wavelength causes a sharp switch from electron to energy transfer) and (ii) intramolecular sensitization (the triplet state of the perylene bisimide, inaccessible in the free dye, is efficiently populated in the array).
Expression, renaturation and purification of recombinant human interleukin 4 from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1988)

The lymphokine human interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been expressed from a plasmid in the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli. Advantage has been taken of insolubility of the human IL-4 in E. coli for rapid purification of this protein in only a few steps. We describe extraction and renaturation procedures which solubilize human IL-4 yielding biologically active protein. The protein was purified to homogeneity by one passage over a gel-filtration column. The refolded human IL-4 was characterized by N-terminal sequence analysis, amino acid analysis and bioassays. The refolded E. coli-derived human IL-4 has biological activity on T and B cells and binds to the human IL-4 receptor, comparable to mammalian expressed human IL-4, indicating that the protein is folded correctly.
Treatment of a Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection with Exogenous Interferon, Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid, and Polyinosinic-Polycytidylic Acid–Poly- <scp>l</scp> -Lysine Complex (1978)

Treatment of a cytomegalovirus infection of mice with exogenous murine interferon did not alter final mortality or mean day of death. Pretreatment with two interferon inducers significantly reduced mortality, but treatment initiated after infection was not effective.
[Problems in biomechanics of life-time intracranial injuries]. (2000)

Discusses the impact of kinetic energy and number of head movements during falling from a standing posture on one's back for various variants of falling on the formation of subdural hematomas, subarachnoidal hemorrhages, and brain concussions in the areas of the stroke, contralateral to the stroke, and intermediate. Discloses the correlations between the area and volume of injury and changes in energy parameters of stroke impact. Demonstrates the relationship between the severity of atherosclerotic involvement of the vessels and the volume and type of intracranial injury.
History of neuroprotection and rationale as a therapy for glaucoma. (2008)

Neuroprotection is any therapy that prevents, retards, or reverses apoptosis-associated neuronal cell death resulting from primary neuronal lesions. Although more than 500 products have been investigated for neuroprotective effects, there has been a low rate of success in human trials. Reasons include failure of the animal model to simulate human disease, human disease variability, brain size and development differences, variations in the ratio of axonal to neuronal damage, and lack of efficacy of the compound under study. Other reasons include narrow drug therapeutic index, drug molecular size, the small treatment window after cellular injury, multiple comorbidities of test subjects causing recruitment and statistical challenges, and insufficiently valid and reliable end points. Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease for which the neuropathic pathology has been studied since 1972. There have been recent significant advances in understanding the mechanisms for death of retinal neurons, and numerous agents are under development. Memantine, currently approved for Alzheimer's disease and in phase 3 trials for glaucoma progression, is one of the most studied neuroprotectants in glaucoma. Therapies that prevent death of the retinal ganglion cell (neuroprotection), its axon (axoprotection), or both, theoretically should be useful in treating glaucoma.
The Promotion of Continuing Education Courses in Geomechanics (1989)

The paper backgrounds the context in which geomechanics education sits within engineering education in Australia. The results of industry surveys are presented which demonstrate the growth in geomechanics practice over recent years, highlighting that in Queensland. The demand for geomechanics education at tertiary level is demonstrated, and the response to that demand made by the Department of Civil Engineering at The University of Queensland is given. The processes involved in convening and promoting continuing education courses in geomechanics are outlined and attempts are made to define the formula for success.
Relationship of redundant Th17 cells and IL-17A, but not IL-17 F, with the severity of obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome (OSAHS) (2014)

IL-17A may be involved in the pathogenesis of OSAHS and may represent a target for therapeutic intervention.
Solar water splitting by photovoltaic-electrolysis with a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency over 30% (2016)

Hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting is a promising approach for storing solar energy. For this technology to be economically competitive, it is critical to develop water splitting systems with high solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiencies. Here we report a photovoltaic-electrolysis system with the highest STH efficiency for any water splitting technology to date, to the best of our knowledge. Our system consists of two polymer electrolyte membrane electrolysers in series with one InGaP/GaAs/GaInNAsSb triple-junction solar cell, which produces a large-enough voltage to drive both electrolysers with no additional energy input. The solar concentration is adjusted such that the maximum power point of the photovoltaic is well matched to the operating capacity of the electrolysers to optimize the system efficiency. The system achieves a 48-h average STH efficiency of 30%. These results demonstrate the potential of photovoltaic-electrolysis systems for cost-effective solar energy storage.
Determination of hydrogen abundance in selected lunar soils (1987)

Hydrogen was implanted in lunar soil through solar wind activity. In order to determine the feasibility of utilizing this solar wind hydrogen, it is necessary to know not only hydrogen abundances in bulk soils from a variety of locations but also the distribution of hydrogen within a given soil. Hydrogen distribution in bulk soils, grain size separates, mineral types, and core samples was investigated. Hydrogen was found in all samples studied. The amount varied considerably, depending on soil maturity, mineral types present, grain size distribution, and depth. Hydrogen implantation is definitely a surface phenomenon. However, as constructional particles are formed, previously exposed surfaces become embedded within particles, causing an enrichment of hydrogen in these species. In view of possibly extracting the hydrogen for use on the lunar surface, it is encouraging to know that hydrogen is present to a considerable depth and not only in the upper few millimeters. Based on these preliminary studies, extraction of solar wind hydrogen from lunar soil appears feasible, particulary if some kind of grain size separation is possible.
Health-Enhancing Physical Activity and Health-Related Risk in a Sample of North Mexican, Office-Based Employees (2007)

The high levels of inactivity found in both men and women were cause for concern, suggesting the need for innovative intervention approaches, which aim to integrate physical activity into busy working lives.
Process Robustness in Freeze Drying of Biopharmaceuticals (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Collapse Study Range-Finding Study Product-Mapping Study Acknowledgments References
X-ray diffraction analysis of C60 fullerene powder and fullerene soot (2005)

C60 fullerene powder and fullerene soot are examined by the method of small-angle X-ray diffraction. Small-angle diffraction patterns constructed in the Guinier coordinates make it possible to find the radii of inertia of scattering elements. The small-angle diffraction scattering findings agree well with large-angle X-ray diffraction data.
Electrodeposition of Aluminum from Non‐Aqueous Solutions (1934)

Aluminum of high purity can be deposited easily in a bright, finely crystalline, adherent form from a solution made by dissolving metallic aluminum in ethyl bromide and benzene (C 6 H 6 ) using aluminum bromide as a starter or catalyst. Toluene, xylene, β‐tetra‐hydro‐naphthalene, and kerosene may be substituted for benzene under certain conditions and ethyl chloride, methyl chloride, and ethylene dichloride for ethyl bromide. The aluminum adheres well to platinum, copper, steel and cast iron but not to magnesium or aluminum. The bath has a current efficiency of 60 per cent and over at both electrodes and a throwing power as high as 28. The bath does not deteriorate and can be operated indefinitely if moisture is excluded. The bath does not show a definite decomposition voltage, the potential drop varying directly and regularly with the current.
Rhythmic binding of a WHITE COLLAR-containing complex to the <i>frequency</i> promoter is inhibited by FREQUENCY (2003)

The biological clock of Neurospora crassa includes interconnected transcriptional and translational feedback loops that cause both the transcript and protein encoded by the frequency gene (frq) to undergo the robust daily oscillations in abundance, which are essential for clock function. To understand better the mechanism generating rhythmic frq transcript, reporter constructs were used to show that the oscillation in frq message is transcriptionally regulated, and a single cis-acting element in the frq promoter, the Clock Box (C box), is both necessary and sufficient for this rhythmic transcription. Nuclear protein extracts used in binding assays revealed that a White Collar (WC)-1- and WC-2-containing complex (WCC) binds to the C box in a time-of-day-specific manner. Overexpression of an ectopic copy of FRQ or addition of in vitro-generated FRQ resulted in reduced WCC binding to the C box. These data suggest that oscillations in frq transcript result from WCC binding to the frq promoter and activating transcription with subsequent changes in FRQ levels having an inverse effect on WCC binding. In this way rhythmic expression and turnover of FRQ drives the rhythm in its own transcription.
Enhanced Quantile Normalization of Microarray Data to Reduce Loss of Information in Gene Expression Profiles (2006)

In microarray experiments, removal of systematic variations resulting from array preparation or sample hybridization conditions is crucial to ensure sensible results from the ensuing data analysis. For example, quantile normalization is routinely used in the treatment of both oligonucleotide and cDNA microarray data, even though there might be some loss of information in the normalization process. We recognize that the ideal normalization, if it ever exists, would aim to keep the maximal amount of gene profile information with the lowest possible noise. With this objective in mind, we propose a valuable enhancement to quantile normalization, and demonstrate through three Affymetrix experiments that the enhanced normalization can result in better performance in detecting and ranking differentially expressed genes across experimental conditions.
Gene synthesis allows biologists to source genes from farther away in the tree of life (2018)

Gene synthesis enables creation and modification of genetic sequences at an unprecedented pace, offering enormous potential for new biological functionality but also increasing the need for biosurveillance. In this paper, we introduce a bioinformatics technique for determining whether a gene is natural or synthetic based solely on nucleotide sequence. This technique, grounded in codon theory and machine learning, can correctly classify genes with 97.7% accuracy on a novel data set. We then classify ∼19,000 unique genes from the Addgene non-profit plasmid repository to investigate whether natural and synthetic genes have differential use in heterologous expression. Phylogenetic analysis of distance between source and expression organisms reveals that researchers are using synthesis to source genes from more genetically-distant organisms, particularly for longer genes. We provide empirical evidence that gene synthesis is leading biologists to sample more broadly across the diversity of life, and we provide a foundational tool for the biosurveillance community.
Sinus Rhythm Electrogram Shape Measurements are Predictive of the Origins and Characteristics of Multiple Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia Morphologies (2004)

Sinus rhythm electrogram analyses are useful for (1) localizing multiple reentrant circuits with differences in morphology that are inducible by premature stimulation in the infarct border zone, and (2) locating and orienting the position of a linear lesion for preventing recurrence of all morphologies with minimal damage to the heart.
Reviews of Books (1990)

Journal Article Reviews of Books Get access OPERA, OR THE UNDOING OF WOMEN. By Catherine Clément. Translated by Betsy Wing. Foreword by Susan McClary. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1988; London: Virago Press, 1989. xviii, 201 pp. Susan C. Cook Susan C. Cook Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume 74, Issue 3, 1990, Pages 445–450, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/74.3.445 Published: 01 March 1990