gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New universal element with integrated PUF and TRNG capability (2013)

The paper presents a novel hardware block that can be used for simultaneous generation of random bits and PUF responses. The new element called Universal Transition Effect Ring Oscillator (UTERO) is based on the TERO loop presented at CHES 2010. The PUF response bit corresponds to the output value of the TERO loop that converges to a state determined by the manufacturing process. The random bit is obtained by counting the number of oscillations and by taking the least significant bit of the counter. Although both outputs are generated by the same hardware (the TERO loop), the two output signals are mutually independent. The proposed structure is scalable and it can be easily implemented in FPGAs and in ASICs. Its performance and robustness is demonstrated on a UTERO cluster implemented in Actel Fusion FPGA. The cluster is composed of 216 UTERO elements generating simultaneously over 75 % of highly stable PUF response bits and 900 kbits/s of true random data that pass FIPS and NIST statistical tests.
Systemic and gastrointestinal candidiasis of infant mice after intragastric challenge (1979)

Systemic and gastrointestinal infection can be established in infant mice after intragastric challenge with Candida albicans. Differences in virulence of the six strains tested were noted. As early as 3 h after infection, some but not all livers, spleens, and kidneys contained C. albicans, but the peak number of colony-forming units in these organs was seen at 6 h. The early colonization of the organs could not be attributed to aspiration of the inoculum since about 90% of lungs and livers tested yielded no colony-forming units at 10 to 15 min postinfection. In animals with systemic infections, lungs, livers, kidneys, and spleens showed similar numbers of colony-forming units within the organs during the first 6 h postinfection- and then the number declined progressively up to 72 h. The gastrointestinal tract was colonized throughout a 20-day period of study. Counts made at intervals beyond day 1 yielded between 10(5) and 10(6) colony-forming units in the stomach, ileum, and cecum. Preparatory techniques for scanning electron microscopy preserved the yeast, intestinal mucus layer, and epithelial surface and made it possible to visualize the association between the pathogen and host tissues within the digestive tract.
Automatic Detection and Analysis of Player Action in Moving Background Sports Video Sequences (2009)

This paper presents a system for automatically detecting and analyzing complex player actions in moving background sports video sequences, aiming at action-based sports videos indexing and providing kinematic measurements for coach assistance and performance improvement. The system works in a coarse-to-fine fashion. For an input video, in the coarse granularity level, we automatically segment the highlights, that is, the video clips containing the desired action as summaries for general user viewing purposes; in the middle granularity level, we recognize the action types to support action-based video indexing and retrieval; and finally in the fine granularity level, the critical kinematic parameters of player action are obtained for sports professionals' training purposes. However, the complex and dynamic background of sports videos and the complexity of player actions bring considerable difficulty to the automatic analysis. To fulfill such a challenging task, robust algorithms including global motion estimation with adaptive outliers filtering, object segmentation based on adaptive background construction, and automatic human body tracking are proposed in this paper. Two visual analyzing tools: motion panorama and overlay composition, are also introduced. Real diving and jump game videos are used to test the proposed system and algorithms, and the extensive and encouraging experimental results show their effectiveness.
Using Sweep and Dihedral to Control Three-Dimensional Flow in Transonic Stators of Axial Compressors (2000)

The paper describes an advanced 3D blading concept for highly-loaded transonic compressor stators. The concept takes advantage of the aerodynamic effects of sweep and dihedral. To the knowledge of the authors this is the first approach reported in open literature that combines those two basic types of lean in an engine-worthy aerofoil design. The paper makes a contribution to the understanding of the endwall effect of both features with special emphasis put on sweep. The advanced 3D blading concept was applied to an Engine Section Stator (ESS) of an aero-engine fan. In order to demonstrate how three-dimensional flow can be controlled, numerical analysis of the flow structure in a conventional and an advanced stator configuration was performed using a 3D-Navier-Stokes solver. The numerical analysis showed the advanced blade improving the radial loading distribution as well as the three-dimensional endwall boundary layer development. In particular a strong hub corner stall could be largely alleviated. High-speed rig testing of the advanced ESS confirmed the concept and showed good qualitative agreement between measurement and prediction. The work presented was closely linked to the development the BR710 engine on which the advanced ESS is in service today.
Tidal volume, recruitment and compliance in HFOV: same principles, different frequency: Figure 1– (2012)

The widespread clinical introduction of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in neonates in the late 1980s and early 1990s heralded a new era of understanding of the optimal approach to lung volume ( V L) recruitment, which embraced the concept of open lung ventilation [1]. The promotion of HFOV as a means of independently controlling oxygenation and ventilation contributed to the ease with which it was accepted as a clinical treatment in many neonatal units. Unlike mechanical ventilation at physiological breathing rates where changes in ventilator settings on contemporary ventilators inevitably affect both oxygenation and ventilation, traditional teaching of HFOV promoted changes in mean airway pressure as the means of influencing arterial oxygen tension and alterations to proximal pressure amplitude (Δ P ) and frequency ( f ) of the oscillatory waveform as the determinants of arterial carbon dioxide tension ( P a,CO2) [2]. Like any intensive care technology, however, successful and safe application of HFOV is highly dependent on fully understanding the specific nuances of this ventilatory modality.

As recognised previously, there are clear changes in compliance during recruitment of the atelectatic lung [3]. During ventilation at conventional breathing rates, as V L is recruited, lung compliance improves and this is accompanied by increased tidal volume ( V T) to which the clinical response is normally a reduction in minute volume: in synchronised modes, this is most often achieved via a reduction in Δ P or targeted V T rather than a reduction in respiratory rate.

Changes in compliance [4–7] and lung tissue resistance [5] have also been widely recognised during volume recruitment achieved with HFOV. In this issue of the European Respiratory Journal , Miedema et al. [8] present an elegant study …
The Deposition and Crystallization Behaviors of Electroless Ni‐Cu‐P Deposits (1999)

This study investigated the deposition and crystallization behaviors of electroless Ni‐Cu‐P deposits on aluminum substrates. The critical phosphorus content, 7 wt %, of transformation between crystalline and amorphous structure for Ni‐Cu‐P deposit has been identified. The concentration of copper salt in the deposition solution greatly affects the Cu content of Ni‐Cu‐P deposit and thus the Ni and P contents. An excess concentration may impede the formation of amorphous Ni‐Cu‐P deposit. It was also found that the chemical composition and crystal structure of Ni‐Cu‐P deposits will vary during deposition. An amorphous Ni‐21.66Cu‐11.60P deposit exhibits transformation at 366.5 and 461.4°C when analyzed with differential scanning calorimeter. The Ni‐Cu alloy and the compound form preferentially from the amorphous Ni‐Cu‐P deposit during crystallization at 366.5°C. The phase further transforms to phase upon interaction with Ni at 461.4°C. The activation energies with respect to the two transformation reactions are 229.1 and 213.0 kJ/mol, respectively, for the crystallization of amorphous Ni‐Cu‐P deposit and the formation of . © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Multilevel Storage in Lateral Top-Heater Phase-Change Memory (2008)

A lateral top-heater phase-change memory (LTH-PCM) is proposed and investigated for multilevel storage (MLS). The active layers are composed of a 50-nm-thick TiN layer as a top heater and a 150-nm-thick SbTeN layer. A number of intermediate levels, which are induced by electric currents, are exhibited in experimental results. They are distinct and very stable. The reversible switching of multilevels is successfully demonstrated in the LTH-PCM device. The MLS results from the gradual enlargement of crystalline region between electrodes by Joule heating according to our analysis.
Solubilization and molecular size determination of the P2x purinoceptor from rat vas deferens. (1992)

Membranes of the rat vas deferens were shown to contain a high density of binding sites for [3H] alpha, beta-methylene ATP ([3H] alpha, beta-MeATP), a ligand selective for the P2X purinoceptor. Analysis demonstrated two classes, of high affinity (Kd = 1.8 nM, Bmax (maximum density) = 9.3 pmol/mg of protein) and of low affinity (Kd = 34 nM, Bmax = 29 pmol/mg of protein). The high affinity [3H] alpha, beta-MeATP binding sites were successfully solubilized with 2% digitonin: the Kd was then 1.6 nM. Both the association and dissociation of the receptor-ligand complex were rapid (half-time for association = 6.5 min). The rank order of potency of purinergic ligands in displacing [3H] alpha, beta-MeATP binding from the solubilized preparation was in accord with the pharmacological criteria for P2X purinoceptors. The receptor-detergent complex was separated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation from the ATPase enzymes also present in the preparation. The sedimentation coefficient of the receptor-detergent complex was 12.1 S. It was shown that [3H] alpha, beta-MeATP can function as a photoaffinity labeling reagent upon exposure to ultraviolet light; in the rat vas deferens membranes, it thus became cross-linked in a specific manner to a polypeptide of apparent molecular mass = 62,000 daltons, proposed to be the ligand-binding subunit of the functional P2X purinoceptor.
The computer-aided design and analysis of impulse magnetizing fixtures. (1992)

The magnetization of the permanent magnet components is a key enabling\ntechnology in the production of permanent magnet based electromagnetic devices.\nAlthough recent advances in the properties of rare-earth magnets, offer considerable\nscope for enhanced device performance, in order to realise such improvements, the\npermanent magnet must be magnetized to saturation. This is a considerably more\nonerous requirement for the rare-earth materials as compared to the more established\npermanent magnet materials, particularly if the preferred production route of single\nstep, multipole magnetization of either the part or fully assembled device is to be\nemployed.\nTo enable accurate design of magnetizing systems for such demanding applications, an integrated computer-aided design methodology has been developed. It is based\non both analytical and finite element field calculation techniques, and spans the entire\ndesign synthesis from initial specification through to the assessment of the performance\nof the final device into which the magnetized magnet is incorporated. Particular\nattention is directed towards the role of eddy-currents during the impulse magnetization, and to this end a transient, electric circuit coupled finite element simulation is\ndescribed.\nA case study is presented on the relative merits of magnetizing the anisotropic\nNdFeB magnet of a brushless D.0 motor at various stages during the motor production.\nA further case study on the magnetization of an isotropic bonded NdFeB multipole\nrotor highlights the additional considerations that arise in the design of magnetizing\nfixtures for isotropic materials. Finally, the utility of the methodology in designing a\nlimited range of axial multipole fixtures is demonstrated with a case study on a fine\npole-pitch axially magnetized ring magnet.
Cationic Polymerization of Isobutylene Using AlCl<sub>3</sub>OBu<sub>2</sub> as a Coinitiator: Synthesis of Highly Reactive Polyisobutylene (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTCationic Polymerization of Isobutylene Using AlCl3OBu2 as a Coinitiator: Synthesis of Highly Reactive PolyisobutyleneIrina V. Vasilenko, Alexander N. Frolov, and Sergei V. Kostjuk*View Author Information Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, 14 Leningradskaya st., 220030 Minsk, Belarus*To whom correspondence should be sent. E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2010, 43, 13, 5503–5507Publication Date (Web):June 9, 2010Publication History Received27 April 2010Revised25 May 2010Published online9 June 2010Published inissue 13 July 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma1009275https://doi.org/10.1021/ma1009275rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1817Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Cationic polymerization,Lewis acids,Polymerization,Polymers,Pyridines Get e-Alerts
Roles of Oral Bacteria in Cardiovascular Diseases — From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Cases: Cell-Surface Structures of Novel Serotype k Streptococcus mutans Strains and Their Correlation to Virulence (2010)

Streptococcus mutans is generally known as a pathogen of dental caries, and it is also considered to cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis (IE). S. mutans was previously classified into 3 serotypes, c, e, and f, due to the different chemical compositions of the serotype-specific polysaccharides, which are composed of a rhamnose backbone and glucose side chains. We recently designated non-c/e/f serotype S. mutans strains as novel serotype k, which is characterized by a drastic reduction in the amount of the glucose side chain. A common biological feature of novel serotype-k strains is a lower level of cariogenicity due to alterations of several major cell surface protein antigens. As for virulence in blood, these strains survive in blood for a longer duration due to lower antigenicity, while the detection rate of all strains carrying the gene encoding collagen-binding adhesin has been shown to be high. Furthermore, molecular biological analyses of infected heart valve specimens obtained from IE patients revealed a high detection rate of serotype-k S. mutans. Together, these findings suggest that serotype-k S. mutans strains show low cariogenicity but high virulence in blood as compared to the other serotypes, due to alterations of several cell surface structures.
Effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist on ischemic acute renal failure (1994)

In the isolated perfused rat kidney, endothelin (ET) added to the perfusate at concentrations ranging from 50 to 500 pmol/l resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in renal perfusate flow (RPF) and inulin clearance (CIn). The decrease in RPF (17 +/- 3 vs. 34 +/- 3 ml.min-1 x g-1; P < 0.01 compared with control) and CIn (89 +/- 13 vs. 317 +/- 19 microliters.min-1 x g-1; P < 0.01 compared with control) by ET (500 pmol/l) was prevented by the ET antagonist BQ-123 (10 microM), with full recovery of RPF [36 +/- 2 vs. 34 +/- 3 ml.min-1 x g-1; not significant (NS) compared with control] and CIn (299 +/- 51 vs. 317 +/- 19 microliters.min-1 x g-1; NS compared with control). In the absence of ET, perfusion of the kidney with a similar concentration of BQ-123 (10 microM) did not induce any changes in RPF (36 +/- 5 vs. 34 +/- 3 ml.min-1 x g-1; NS compared with control) or CIn (320 +/- 14 vs. 317 +/- 19 microliters.min-1 x g-1; NS compared with control). After 60 min of arterial clamping, BQ-123 (10 microM) given before the onset of ischemia and during reflow improved CIn (88 +/- 4 vs. 19 +/- 3 microliters.min-1 x g-1; n = 6, P < 0.01) and net tubular sodium reabsorption (TNa) compared with no treatment. On the other hand, the same dose (10 microM) of BQ-123 given only during the reperfusion period was not effective in preventing the decreases in either CIn or TNa.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Tertiary-pentyl phosphorus compounds (1970)

Reactions of t-pentylmagnesium chloride with phosphorus trichloride have given t-pentylphosphonous dichloride and di-t-pentylphosphinous chloride, which have been used to prepare t-butyl-t-pentylphosphinic acid and di-t-pentylphosphinic acid.
Syntheses of chiral intermediates of 1-β-methylcarbapenems: (3<i>S</i>,4<i>R</i>)-3-[1(<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl]-4-chloroazetidin-2-one and (3<i>S</i>,4<i>S</i>)-3-[1(<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-butyldimethylsilyloxyethyl]-4-[1(<i>R</i>)-<i>tert</i>-butylthiocarbonylethyl]azetidin-2-one (1987)

The 4-chloroazetidinone 10, a very reactive chiral intermediate for 1-β-methylcarbapenems (1b), was easily prepared and isolated as a solid crystalline compound from the corresponding sulfide 5. Another chiral intermediate (16d) bearing the 1-β-methyl moiety was prepared by stereoselective aldol type condensation of either azetidinone 4 or 10 with metal enolates 14 (R = S—Bu′, M = ZrCp 2 Cl, [Formula: see text], and SnBr). The β/α ratios were 9:1, 3:1, 2:1 respectively.
Fabrication of Sub-10-nm Silicon Nanowire Arrays by Size Reduction Lithography (2003)

A photolithography-based method capable of size reduction to produce sub-10-nm Si nanowire arrays on a wafer scale is described. By conformally depositing a material (silicon oxide or silicon) that has a different etching property over a lithographically defined sacrificial sidewall and selectively removing the sacrificial material, the sidewall material is preserved and can serve as nanopattern mask for further processing. The resolution of this method is not limited by photolithography but by the thickness of the material deposited. The application of size reduction nano-patterning method can range from the fabrication of biosensors to model catalyst systems.
Tm-doped fiber amplifiers for 1470-nm-band WDM signals (2000)

We describe the gain characteristics of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (TDFA) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) signals. We optimized the TDF length and the ratio between the forward and backward pump power to realize efficient amplification. The TDFA achieved a gain of over 20 dB and a noise figure of less than 6 dB in the 1353-1483 nm wavelength region at a total pump power of 300 mW for WDM signals input at a total power of -7 dBm.
Cell Toxicology Study of RRR-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (TPGS). (2005)

This research focused on the cytotoxic properties of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) in transformed and cancerous cell lines. We used RAW264.7 macrophage and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines in this study. TPGS caused cell death and decreased cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell death was evaluated fluorimetrically by employing the nucleic acid-binding fluorophore; propidium iodide. A colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Cell death can occur through necrosis or apoptosis. Our results suggested that TPGS triggered apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis, as measured by caspase 3 enzymatic activity, was dependent upon the TPGS dose and incubation time. Caspase 8 was activated before caspase 9, suggesting the importance of the death receptor pathway in apoptosis. Our results indicated that TPGS cytotoxicity could also be due to one of its products of hydrolysis, alpha-tocopheryl succinate.
Neck Kinematics in Rear‐End Impacts (2003)

The purpose of this study was to document the kinematics of the neck during low-speed rear-end impacts. In a series of experiments reported by Deng et al (2000), a pneumatically driven mini-sled was used to study cervical spine motion using six cadavers instrumented with metallic markers at each cervical level, a 9-accelerometer mount on the head, and a tri-axial accelerometers on the thorax. A 250-Hz x-ray system was used to record marker motion while acceleration data were digitized at 10,000 Hz. Results show that, in the global coordinate system, the head and all cervical vertebrae were primarily in extension during the entire period of x-ray data collection. In local coordinate systems, upper cervical segments were initially in relative flexion while lower segments were in extension. Facet joint capsular stretch ranged from 17 to 97%. In the vertical direction, the head and T1 accelerated upward almost instantaneously after impact initiation while there was delay for the head in the horizontal direction. This combination was the result of a force vector which was pointed in the forward and upward direction to generate an extension moment. Upward ramping of the torso was larger in tests with a 20-deg seatback angle. The study concluded that the kinematics of the neck is rather complicated and greatly influenced by the large rotations of the thoracic spine. Significant posterior shear deformation was found, as evidenced by the large facet capsular stretch. Although the neck forms a "mild" S-shaped curve during whiplash, using its shape as an injury mechanism can be misleading because the source of pain is likely to be located in the facet capsules.
Phenolic Spice Components Sporostatic to <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1985)

ABSTRACT Spores of Bacillus subtilis stored under different concentrations of clove infusion were microscopically observed to undergo germination. These spores, however, did not outgrow when subcultured on nutrient agar. Spores which remained refractile during storage in clove infusion at 37°C outgrew when transferred to nutrient agar. Clove ash was determined to contain substances which allowed complete germination or darkening of spores in distilled water. Eugenol, an essential oil found in cloves was determined to be sporostatic at concentrations of 0.05 ‐ 0.06% (v/v). Several closely related compounds; isoeugenol, gingerol and zingerone also showed sporostatsis at levels of 0.05 ‐ 0.6, 0.90 ‐ 1.00, and 0.80 ‐ 0.90% (v/v) respectively.