gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Characterization of Extrasolar Planets through Doppler Spectroscopy (2010)

Over 300 extrasolar planets have been found since 1992, showing that planetary systems are common and exhibit an outstanding variety of characteristics. As the number of detections grows and as models of planet formation progress to account for the existence of these new worlds, statistical studies and confrontations of observation with theory allow to progressively unravel the key processes underlying planet formation. In this chapter we review the dominant contribution of Doppler spectroscopy to the present discoveries and to our general understanding of planetary systems. We also emphasize the synergy of Doppler spectroscopy and transit photometry in characterizing the physical properties of transiting extrasolar planets. As we will see, Doppler spectroscopy has not reached its limits yet and it will undoubtly play a leading role in the detection and characterization of the first Earth-mass planets.
Tungsten Alkyl Alkylidyne and Bis-alkylidene Complexes. Preparation and Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Their Unusual Exchanges (2005)

Preparation and characterization of novel alkyl alkylidyne (Me3SiCH2)3W(⋮CSiMe3)(PMe3) (1a) and bis-alkylidene (Me3SiCH2)2W(CHSiMe3)2(PMe3) (1b) and studies of the exchange between alkylidyne 1a and bis-alkylidene 1b are reported. An adduct between PMe3 and alkyl alkylidyne (Me3SiCH2)3W⋮CSiMe3 (2a), (Me3SiCH2)3W(⋮CSiMe3)(PMe3) (1a), was found to undergo a rare reversible transformation to its bis-alkylidene tautomer (Me3SiCH2)2W(CHSiMe3)2(PMe3) (1b). The X-ray crystal structure of 1b has been determined. The bis-alkylidene tautomer 1b is favored in the 1a ⇌ 1b equilibrium with Keq ranging from 12.3(0.2) at 278(1) K to 9.37(0.12) at 303(1) K, giving the thermodynamic parameters for the equilibrium: ΔH° = −1.8(0.5) kcal/mol and ΔS° = −1.5(1.7) eu. The α-H exchange between 1a and 1b follows first-order reversible kinetics. The activation parameters are ΔH⧧ = 16.2(1.2) kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = −22(4) eu for the forward reaction (1a → 1b) and ΔH⧧ = 18.0(1.3) kcal/mol and ΔS⧧ = −21(4) eu for the reverse reaction (1b → 1a). An adduct between (Me3SiCH2)3W⋮CSiMe3 and PMe2Ph, (Me3SiCH2)3W(⋮CSiMe3)(PMe2Ph) (3a), was found to undergo a similar reversible transformation to its bis-alkylidene tautomer (Me3SiCH2)2W(CHSiMe3)2(PMe2Ph) (3b). The 3a ⇌ 3b equilibrium is shifted more to the alkyl alkylidyne adduct 3a [Keq‘ = 4.65(0.11) at 303 K] than the 1a ⇌ 1b equilibrium. The forward 3a → 3b conversion in the PMe2Ph complexes is slower than the 1a → 1b conversion at 303 K, whereas the reverse 3b → 3a conversion is slightly faster than the 1b → 1a conversion.
Competition and collaboration among fuzzy reinforcement learning agents (2002)

GARIC-Q, introduced earlier by Berenji (1996), performs incremental dynamic programming using intelligent agents which are controlled at the top level by fuzzy Q-learning and at the local level, each agent learns and operates based on GARIC, a technique for fuzzy reinforcement learning. In MULTI-GARIC-Q, agents can collaborate to investigate the state space by training a unique action evaluator which acts as a critic function for all the agents. MULTI-GARIC-Q2 extends MULTI-GARIC-Q by providing more independence to each fuzzy reinforcement learning agent to investigate its state space for an extended time. After the interim learning period is over, all the agents engage in a competition to select a winner who will then continue its learning using the actual dynamic system. The rest of the agents continue learning using copies of a simulated plant. MULTI-GARIC-Q2 provides faster learning while allowing each agent to act and learn more independently.
Ultrafast optoelectronic interface for digital superconducting electronics (2001)

The basic concepts of the ultrafast optoelectronic interface for superconducting digital electronics are presented. Several implementations of both the input optical-to-electrical and the output electrical-to-optical transducers are discussed. As an example, an optoelectronic telecommunication router is used that is capable of switching signals at a >100 Gbit s−1 rate on a single wavelength. We demonstrate that superconducting optoelectronics emerges as the ultimate solution to the ultrafast input/output (I/O) interface of single-flux-quantum (SFQ)-based, superconducting digital electronics.
[A color test for rapid screening of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) in drink and urine]. (2006)

This method is simple, safe, and rapid; it facilitates rapid screening of GHB and GBL in clinic and forensic laboratories.
Rating the Risk Factors for Breast Cancer (2003)

More precise tools, based on techniques of molecular biology such as microarray analysis, will be needed to assess individual risk for breast cancer.
Spatially regulated differentiation of endometrial vascular smooth muscle cells (2000)

Angiogenesis within the human endometrium involves the development of arterioles and elaboration of a capillary network. It was postulated that maturation of these arterioles involves a spatially regulated process of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation. The endometrial vascular tree was therefore examined immunohistochemically for evidence of longitudinal and radial gradients of VSMC phenotype. Twenty-three hysterectomy specimens and 15 first trimester decidual tissues were studied. Five cytoskeletal markers (alpha and gamma-smooth muscle (sm) actin, sm myosin, desmin, vimentin), three endothelial markers (CD31, CD34, factor VIII related antigen) and two steroid receptors (oestrogen and progesterone) were detected immunohistochemically. alpha-sm actin was present throughout the wall of basal arterial segments and extended longitudinally towards the endometrial surface. Sm myosin expression was more restricted longitudinally and radially within in the vascular tree. The expression of gamma-sm actin was even more restricted than myosin. In first trimester decidua, however, gamma-sm actin was widely distributed within the wall of spiral arteries that were not invaded by trophoblast. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were present in peri-vascular stromal cells but absent from vascular smooth muscle and endothelium. Endometrial VSMC differentiation involves a progressive increase in cytoskeletal complexity and occurs in a spatially regulated fashion.
The Application of Temperature Sensor for Measurement of AC Voltage (2000)

This paper states a measuring circuit which applies the temperature sensor to transfer directly the alternating current voltage to the virtual value. It can accurately measure every waveform at a very wide range of voltage and frequency.
Characterization of pp85, a target of oncogenes and growth factor receptors. (1990)

An 85,000-molecular-weight polypeptide (85K polypeptide) has previously been identified as a common substrate for tyrosine phosphorylation upon polyomavirus middle T transformation or upon platelet-derived growth factor stimulation of 3T3 cells. In each case, pp85 has an associated phosphatidylinositol kinase activity. The tissue distribution of pp85 was determined by middle T blotting experiments; the highest levels were found in brain, lung, and spleen tissues. High-resolution examination of 85K by isoelectric focusing demonstrated that there are at least 10 different forms. These were resolved into two families, 85K and 86K; the ratio of the two families changed in different cells. Similar forms were found for pp85 associated with pp60v-src. Individual species within each family differed by phosphorylation. Analysis of pp85 and pp86 by immunoprecipitation with anti-phosphotyrosine antibody showed increasing phosphorylation in response to middle T or pp60v-src transformation. The association of middle T with pp85 and pp60c-src was examined in pulse-chase experiments. Association of middle T with pp60c-src was slow and was accompanied by progressive modification of middle T. pp85 formed a dissociable complex with middle T within 2.5 min.
Technical Note—A Price Vector Model of Demand for Consumer Durables: Preliminary Developments (1985)

Although considerable research has been conducted on optimal pricing policies for manufacturers, relatively little work has been done on how price enters the consumer choice process. In this paper, a model is developed for durables purchasing which integrates both economic and behavioral research by specifying a vector of five price concepts which affect purchasing behavior. Of particular interest are variables relating to future price expectations. Due to data limitations, a revised model is estimated and the results provide preliminary support for the general model.
A design model for building occupancy detection using sensor fusion (2012)

Building occupancy sensing is useful for control of building services such as lighting and ventilation, enabling energy savings, whilst maintaining a comfortable environment. However, a precise and reliable measurement of occupancy still remains difficult. Existing technologies are plagued with a number of issues ranging from unreliable data, maintaining privacy, sensor drift, change of use, and short-term financial pressures, including low quality parts and insufficient commissioning. A major performance barrier is currently the fitness to purpose, or otherwise of sensing technologies used. Sensor fusion techniques offer a way to make up for this, aiming to more reliably determine occupancy using a range of different indoor climatic variables. Over the last decade, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have found some application for building controls, and can also be applied to occupancy estimation. We describe a novel methodology for building occupancy detection using a sensor fusion model based on the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) algorithm. The system monitors indoor climatic variables, indoor events and energy data obtained from a non-domestic building to infer occupancy patterns.
On-line re-optimization of prostate IMRT plans for adaptive radiation therapy (2008)

For intermediate and high risk prostate cancer, both the prostate gland and seminal vesicles are included in the clinical target volume. Internal motion patterns of these two organs vary, presenting a challenge for adaptive treatment. Adaptive techniques such as isocenter repositioning and soft tissue alignment are effective when tumor volumes only exhibit translational shift, while direct re-optimization of the intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plan maybe more desirable when extreme deformation or differential positioning changes of the organs occur. Currently, direct re-optimization of the IMRT plan using beamlet (or fluence map) has not been reported. In this study, we report a novel on-line re-optimization technique that can accomplish plan adjustment on-line. Deformable image registration is used to provide position variation information on each voxel along the three dimensions. The original planned dose distribution is used as the 'goal' dose distribution for adaptation and to ensure planning quality. Fluence maps are re-optimized via linear programming, and a plan solution can be achieved within 2 min. The feasibility of this technique is demonstrated with a clinical case with large deformation. Such on-line ART process can be highly valuable with hypo-fractionated prostate IMRT treatment.
Author Obfuscation Using Generalised Differential Privacy (2018)

The problem of obfuscating the authorship of a text document has received little attention in the literature to date. Current approaches are ad-hoc and rely on assumptions about an adversary's auxiliary knowledge which makes it difficult to reason about the privacy properties of these methods. Differential privacy is a well-known and robust privacy approach, but its reliance on the notion of adjacency between datasets has prevented its application to text document privacy. However, generalised differential privacy permits the application of differential privacy to arbitrary datasets endowed with a metric and has been demonstrated on problems involving the release of individual data points. In this paper we show how to apply generalised differential privacy to author obfuscation by utilising existing tools and methods from the stylometry and natural language processing literature.
DioRaSSP:  Diosynth Rapid Solution Synthesis of Peptides (2005)

We have developed a novel method for the large-scale manufacturing of peptides in solution called DioRaSSP. It combines the advantages of the homogeneous character of classical solution-phase synthesis with the generic character and the amenability to automation inherent to the solid-phase approach. DioRaSSP is characterized by the fact that intermediates are not isolated. Processes according to this highly efficient synthesis method are easy to scale-up and yield products of reproducible high purity. Moreover, we have recently implemented the first fully automated solution-phase peptide synthesizer for application in processes according to DioRaSSP.
Comparative Results with Massively Parallel Spatially-Variant Maximum Likelihood Image (1995)

We present results of concurrent maximum likelihood restoration implementations with spatially-.
Fast orthogonal search for array processing and spectrum estimation (1994)

An efficient, general purpose modelling algorithm known as fast orthogonal search (FOS) is applied to the problem of estimating the angles of arrival of multiple plane waves incident on an array of sensors and to the related problem of estimating the temporal frequencies of narrowband signals in noise. An iterative version of the algorithm (IFOS), which approaches a minimum in the mean squared error between observed and modelled data, is introduced. A modification to the array steering vector model which is beneficial when the incident signals are coherent is described. FOS and IFOS are compared with MUSIC and root MUSIC in computer simulations.
Stereo- and regiochemistry of a palladium-catalyzed oxygen to carbon migration (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereo- and regiochemistry of a palladium-catalyzed oxygen to carbon migrationBarry M. Trost and Thomas A. RungeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 9, 2485–2487Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00399a090https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00399a090research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Alignment accuracy evaluation of X-ray lithography system SR-1. (1985)

In order to evaluate the aligner of X-ray lithography system SR-1 developed for the replication of submicron features, mark detecting characteristics and overlay accuracy have been investigated. The results are summarized as follows : (1) The detecting characteristics of the wafer marks under transparent layers are affected by interference, which depends on the refractive index and thickness of the layers. Improvements for the mark detecting characteristics have been investigated. (2) Overlay accuracies of less than 0.08 μm (σ) have been achieved for various conditions of the wafer marks. (3) From the differences in overlay accuracy between the center and the edge of the exposure site, the standard deviations of the runout error and the proximity gap change have been estimated to be less than 0.037 μm (σ) and 0.65 μm (σ), respectively.
Asphaltene Deposition Problems in Oil Industry with Focus on Electric Submersible Pump Applications (1999)

This paper was prepared for presentation at the 1999 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston, Texas, 3–6 October 1999.
Two Different Families of<i>hopQ</i>Alleles in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (2002)

Helicobacter pylori genomes contain about 30 different hop genes, which encode outer membrane proteins. In this study, we analyzed genetic diversity in the H. pylori hopQ (omp27) locus, which corresponds to HP1177 in the genome of H. pylori reference strain 26,695. hopQ and its flanking genes were PCR amplified from multiple H. pylori strains, and the nucleotide sequences were determined. This analysis revealed the existence of two different families of hopQ alleles. Type I hopQ alleles are present in the genomes of two fully sequenced H. pylori strains, whereas the existence of type II hopQ alleles has not previously been recognized. Type I and type II hopQ alleles are 75 to 80% identical in nucleotide sequences and encode predicted outer membrane proteins that are 68 to 72% identical in amino acid sequences. PCR-based methods were developed to enable rapid differentiation between type I and type II hopQ alleles. Type I hopQ alleles were found significantly more commonly in cag(+)/type s1-vacA strains from patients with peptic ulcer disease than in cag-negative/s2-vacA strains from patients without ulcer disease (P < 0.001). Determination of hopQ allelic types provides a new method for classification of H. pylori strains. Further studies in multiple populations of patients are indicated to evaluate the usefulness of this approach for distinguishing potentially ulcerogenic H. pylori strains from less virulent strains.
Algorithms for current monitor based diagnosis of bridging and leakage faults (1992)

Current monitor based diagnosis algorithms for bridging and leakage faults for combinational and sequential circuits are described. Experimental evaluation results of these algorithms are represented. The algorithms do not use fault dictionaries. A set of ordered-pairs of sets (SOPS) is used to represent all two line bridging faults. If m is the size of the circuit then SOPS uses O(m) space to represent these faults. The resulting algorithm takes time O(mN), where N is the size of the test set. >
Luminal peptide YY-releasing factors in the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon (1996)

Peptide YY (PYY) is produced in endocrine L cells primarily localized in the distal bowel. These open-type L cells make contact with the intestinal chyme which may thus affect their secretory activity. The aim of the present study was to examine a large variety of luminal compounds found in colonic contents for their potential as PYY-releasing factors, using the isolated vascularly perfused rat colon. The release of PYY into the portal effluent was measured by a specific RIA. Luminal administration of 5 mM glucose or 0.5% (w/v) starch for 30 min did not induce significant release of PYY. Oleic acid (10 and 100 mM) also did not significantly increase PYY secretion. A pharmacological concentration of glucose (250 mM) and a mixture of amino acids (total concentration 250 mM) both induced PYY secretion (200% of basal). Pectin, a poly-galacturonic acid, evoked dose-dependent secretion of PYY-like immunoreactivity over the range 0.1-0.5% (w/v). The maximal response was observed after infusion of 0.5% pectin which induced a prompt and sustained release of PYY (300% of basal). Galacturonic acid itself (5%) produced marked PYY secretion. Gum arabic (0.5%) induced a gradual increase in portal PYY concentration (maximal response 250% of the basal value) whereas cellulose (0.5%) did not elicit PYY secretion. Luminal n-butyrate over the range 0.5-5 mM produced a dose-dependent release of PYY (maximal response 300% of the basal value with 5 mM n-butyrate). Increasing the concentration of n-butyrate to 100 mM provoked a gradual decrease in PYY secretion. Propionate was a less potent stimulant than n-butyrate, and acetate did not increase PYY secretion above the basal value. At a concentration of 2 or 20 mM, taurocholate, cholate and deoxycholate brought about PYY secretion while hyodeoxycholate was without effect. In conclusion, glucose and amino acids may mediate PYY release but only when they are present at high supraphysiological concentrations in the colon while oleic acid does not produce any PYY secretion. Physiological concentrations of fibers (pectin, gum arabic), short-chain fatty acids (n-butyrate, propionate) and bile salts (taurocholate, cholate, deoxycholate) are all potent stimulants of PYY release. Whether the release of PYY by luminal factors is coupled to water and electrolyte transfer via a local/paracrine pathway remains an open question which requires additional work with the isolated vascularly perfused colon preparation.
Subcellular targeting and function of osteoblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (2004)

The ectonucleoside pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (NPP1/PC-1) is a member of the NPP enzyme family that is critical in regulating mineralization. In certain mineralizing sites of bone and cartilage, membrane-limited vesicles [matrix vesicles (MVs)] provide a sheltered internal environment for nucleation of calcium-containing crystals, including hydroxyapatite. MV formation occurs by budding of vesicles from the plasma membrane of mineralizing cells. The MVs are enriched in proteins that promote mineralization. Paradoxically, NPP1, the type II transmembrane protein that generates the potent hydroxyapatite crystal growth inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), is also enriched in MVs. Although osteoblasts express NPP1, NPP2, and NPP3, only NPP1 is enriched in MVs. Therefore, this study uses mineralizing human osteoblastic SaOS-2 cells, a panel of NPP1 mutants, and NPP1 chimeras with NPP3, which does not concentrate in MVs, to investigate how NPP1 preferentially targets to MVs. We demonstrated that a cytosolic dileucine motif (amino acids 49-50) was critical in localizing NPP1 to regions of the plasma membrane that budded off into MVs. Moreover, transposition of the NPP1 cytoplasmic dileucine motif and flanking region (AAASLLAP) to NPP3 conferred to NPP3 the ability to target to the plasma membrane and, subsequently, concentrate in MVs. Functionally, the cytosolic tail dileucine motif NPP1 mutants lost the ability to support MV PP(i) concentrations and to suppress calcification. The results identify a specific targeting motif in the NPP1 cytosolic tail that delivers PP(i)-generating NPP activity to osteoblast MVs for control of calcification.