gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel contact process for power MOSFET's (1986)

A novel technique of making electrical contact to the p diffusions of a DMOS power transistor by over-sintering the aluminum/ silicon contact is reported. The potential advantages are the elimination of a critical masking step and smaller cell size. Test devices showed somewhat higher contact resistances to the n and p diffusions than achievable by the conventional process. Good I-V characteristics and yield were obtained over a wide range of contact process conditions.
Iron promotes protein insolubility and aging in C. elegans (2014)

Many late-onset proteotoxic diseases are accompanied by a disruption in homeostasis of metals (metallostasis) including iron, copper and zinc. Although aging is the most prominent risk factor for these disorders, the impact of aging on metallostasis and its role in proteotoxic disease remain poorly understood. Moreover, it is not clear whether a loss of metallostasis influences normal aging. We have investigated the role of metallostasis in longevity ofCaenorhabditis elegans. We found that calcium, copper, iron, and manganese levels increase as a function of age, while potassium and phosphorus levels tend to decrease. Increased dietary iron significantly accelerated the age-related accumulation of insoluble protein, a molecular pathology of aging. Proteomic analysis revealed widespread effects of dietary iron in multiple organelles and tissues. Pharmacological interventions to block accumulation of specific metals attenuated many models of proteotoxicity and extended normal lifespan. Collectively, these results suggest that a loss of metallostasis with aging contributes to age-related protein aggregation.
Nonablative Radiofrequency Treatment of Facial Laxity (2005)

Radiofrequency appears to impart mild improvement to facial laxity and is a viable nonsurgical option for patients with mild facial laxity. There is, however, a need for blinded, randomized controlled studies to further validate these claims.
Pediatric eye/vision screening. Referral criteria for the pedia vision plus optix s 04 photoscreener compared to visual acuity and digital photoscreening. Kindergarten computer photoscreening. (2007)

The PlusOptix allows user-chosen, age-related, referral criteria and a quick, child friendly, photoscreening technique that should be ideal for many Kindergarten and preschool eye/vision screening programs.
In vivo role of interleukin 4 in T cell tolerance induced by aqueous protein antigen. (1993)

High doses of aqueous protein antigens induce a form of immunological tolerance in which interleukin 2 (IL-2)- and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-secreting T helper type 1 (Th1) cells are inhibited, but IL-4-secreting (Th2) cells are not. This is manifested by reduced proliferation of antigen-specific T cells upon in vitro restimulation, and marked suppression of specific antibody responses of the immunoglobulin (Ig)G2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 isotypes, but not of IgG1 and IgE. The role of the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-4 in this model of unresponsiveness to protein antigens has been examined. Administration of tolerizing antigen itself primes splenic CD4+ T cells for secretion of lymphokines, both IL-2 and IL-4. Neutralization of IL-4 in vivo with the anti-IL-4 antibody 11B11 during tolerance induction augments IFN-gamma production by T cells of tolerant mice, and reverses the suppression of IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3. This blockade of IL-4 function does not, however, restore the proliferative responses of T cells, suggesting that reduced T cell proliferation is due to direct T cell inactivation or anergy. Inhibiting the activity of IL-4 in vivo also inhibits the expansion of antigen-specific Th2-like cells, which are resistant to the induction of unresponsiveness. Thus, the immunologic consequences of high-dose tolerance are due to a combination of clonal T cell anergy and IL-4-mediated immune regulation.
Effective strategies for cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research interviewing (1998)

Personal interviews are an important component of the methodology for carrying out qualitative evaluation research. Interviews enable researchers to access information that is not attainable through direct observation or document reviews. However, qualitative research interviewing is a highly complex process that is full of procedural and ethical difficulties and dilemmas, particularly when conducted within the cross-cultural and cross-linguistic context of many development projects and programs. This paper examines the issues surrounding cross-cultural and cross-linguistic interview research, including issues related to language, culture, reliability, validity, and authenticity. It addresses the many ethical issues related to cross-cultural interview methodology, along with issues related to interview format. Finally, it presents recommendations for conducting cross-cultural and cross-linguistic research interviews.
Principles of Very Low Power Electrochemical Control Devices (1957)

A new technology utilizing electrochemical phenomena has been developed, from which it is possible to design acoustic indicating and control devices requiring extremely low-power consumption, in the order of 100 to 1000 times smaller than that of transistors. As an example, a mercury cell, one-volt, battery-powered, electrochemical detector for acoustic energy operates on 10 microwatts in the quiescent state, delivering 300 to 500 microwatts when fully excited. Besides the low power consumption, other advantages of these devices are inherent stability, long life, ease of manufacture, and simplicity of operation. Their principal disadvantage is the limited frequency range over which they are presently operable, 0 to 200 cps. The component parts of these new systems vary widely in the type of function performed. There are, for example, elements for detecting and metering both dc and ac fluid flows, or dc and ac electrical signals; units for taking logarithms, derivatives, and products of electrical and/or fluid flow inputs; units for integrating pressures, flows, or electrical signals over short intervals of time; etc.
Transforming Growth Factor‐β<sub>1</sub> Suppresses Interleukin‐15‐Mediated Interferon‐γ Production in Human T Lymphocytes (1999)

One of the most remarkable means by which tumour cells manage to evade recognition and elimination by the immune system is the release of immunosuppressive mediators, such as interleukin (IL)-10 or transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). For antitumour immunotherapies to reach their full potential, cytokine cocktails will have to be custom-tailored to the tumour's individual cytokine microenvironment. One of the components of such a cytokine cocktail may be interleukin (IL)-15, which has demonstrated an excellent stimulatory potential of antitumour immunity. In an in vitro model, we have previously been able to show that the negative effects of IL-10 on IL-15-mediated cytotoxic T-cell activation can be outweighed by the addition of interleukin (IL)-12. The mechanism by which TGF-beta may influence the effect of IL-15 remains poorly understood, however. We have therefore taken our T-cell model further and have studied the effect of TGF-beta on IL-15-mediated interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production. In activated, IL-15-stimulated peripheral blood T lymphocytes, TGF-beta suppressed IFN-gamma mRNA and protein levels by approximately 75%. This effect was likewise observed on both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and, in contrast to the effect of IL-10 in this system, could not be neutralized by the addition of IL-12. Thus, immunotherapy for TGF-beta-producing tumours may benefit from the addition of TGF-neutralizing activity rather than IL-12.
Digitonin Precipitable Steroids in Normal Human Urine (1966)

The digitonin precipitable steroids in a pool of normal adult male human urine following solvolysis were separated and identified. The following compounds (mg/100 l) were identified: 3β3-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 0.5; 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-androsten-17-one (DHA) 265.0; 3β,21-dihydroxy-Δ5-pregnen-20-one 9.0; 3β,16α-dihydroxy-Δ5-androsten-17-one 28.5; 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-androsten-7,17-dione 5.9; 3β,11β-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one 2.5; 3β,16α-dihydroxy-Δ5-pregnen-20-one 7.5; cholesterol 45.0; Δ5-pregnen-3β,20α-diol 38.3; Δ5-androsten-3β,17β-diol 37.7; Δ5-pregnen-3β,17α,20α-triol 78.2; Δ5-pregnen-3β,16α,20α-triol 2.5; Δ5-androsten-3β,16β,17β-triol 2.5; Δ5-androsten-3β,16α,17β-triol 70.0.
THE VINCA ALKALOIDS: A NEW CLASS OF ONCOLYTIC AGENTS. (1963)

Summary A phytochemical investigation of the plant Vinca rosea Linn. has demonstrated that a number of alkaloidal substances can be obtained with antitumor activity. Over 30 alkaloids have been obtained, of which four—vinblastine, vinleurosine, vincristine, and vinrosidine—are known definitely to be active. Chemically these compounds are closely related to one another and to two monomeric alkaloids, vindoline and catharanthine. The structure of these latter two compounds has been determined, and partial structures for the biologically active alkaloids have been proposed. They represent a new class of large complex dimeric alkaloids containing both indole and dihydroindole moieties. Experimentally, a strain-specific, transplantable, acute, lymphocytic leukemia (P-1534) carried in DBA/2 mice served as a bioassay for obtaining these compounds and for predicting their clinical activity. Vinblastine, vincristine, and vinrosidine are capable of prolonging and/or “curing” mice of the P-1534 leukemia even when therapy is delayed until a near-terminal state of generalized disease. Resistance to an additional challenge of leukemic cells has been observed in these “cured” animals. Parenteral administration of vincristine has been demonstrated to “cure” mice given intracranial implants of the P-1534. The experimental tumor spectrum and toxicological studies are presented and discussed. Biochemical studies performed to date do not reveal any effect on cellular respiration, glycolysis, protein or nucleic acid synthesis. The mechanisms of action of these compounds, which may differ within the group as well as from those of other known agents, remain to be determined. Only two of these compounds, vinblastine and vincristine, have received extensive clinical evaluation. In spite of their close similarity, chemically, a somewhat different group of human neoplasms responds to these compounds, and there has been a singular lack of cross-resistance between these two drugs and any other oncolytic drug now in wide use. Vinblastine has proved effective in chorioepithelioma, Hodgkin9s disease, and other lymphomas, and a number of beneficial results have been obtained in carcinoma of the breast and bronchus. In addition, there have been smaller numbers of a variety of other neoplasias reported as responding to this compound. Vincristine has been striking in its ability to induce complete hematological remission of the acute leukemias of childhood, both lymphocytic and myelogenous in type. Responses have also been reported in a number of other malignancies. The problems and obstacles encountered in obtaining a full realization of the clinical efficacy of these new types of oncolytic compounds are discussed in addition to areas of clinical application other than those previously reported.
Demo Abstract: Spatial modulation based transmission using a reconfigurable antenna (2019)

This demonstration presents a spatial modulation based scheme between a transmitter connected to a compact reconfigurable antenna and a receiver connected to 4 omnidirectional antennas. The reconfigurable antenna used to perform spatial modulation is able to generate 8 uniformly distributed radiation patterns. First, a Radio Wave Display will show the 8 radiation patterns of the reconfigurable antenna. In a next step, the BER will be displayed after spatial demodulation at the receiver side to evaluate the communication performance.
Intelligent Human Body Modeling and Human Pose Classification Using Neural Networks (2010)

With increased demand for security systems, video analysis plays an important role in surveillance systems. This paper describes an intelligent visual surveillance system that detects the presence of the human body parts and actions. The motion segmentation is achieved by background subtraction algorithm. The body parts such as head, torso and both hands are detected individually from the segmented image. First, the head region is identified using the Vertical Projection Histogram (VPH) algorithm. K-means clustering can be used to segment the skin regions of the monocular video sequences. For the detected skin regions, 2D modeling has been implemented for pre-defined poses. The human pose classification can be done by Feed forward Back propagation neural networks algorithm. In pose classification, ten poses are considered. The proposed work is used to detect the skin regions even if the person wears half sleeved or full sleeved dress. Finally, the efficiency of pose classification is also analyzed.
A NOVEL QRS DETECTION ALGORITHM APPLIED TO THE ANALYSIS FOR HEART RATE VARIABILITY OF PATIENTS WITH SLEEP APNEA (2005)

Sleep-related breathing disorders can cause heart rate changes known as cyclical variation. The heart rate variation of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is more prominent in sleep. For this reason, to analyze heart rate variability (HRV) of patients with sleep apnea is a very important issue that can assist physicians to diagnose and give suitable treatment for patients. In this paper, a novel QRS detection algorithm is developed and applied to the analysis for HRV of patients with sleep apnea. The advantageous of the proposed algorithm is the combination of digital filtering and reverse R wave detection techniques to enhance the accuracy of R wave detection and easily implement into portable ECG monitoring system with light complexities of computation. The proposed algorithm is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Drug Embedded PVP Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Targeted Killing of Breast Cancer Cells (2013)

Magnetic drug targeting is a drug delivery system that can be used in loco-regional cancer treatment. Coated magnetic particles, called carriers, are very useful for delivering chemotherapeutic drugs. Magnetic carriers were synthesized by co-precipitation of iron oxide followed by coating with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP). Characterization was performed using X-ray diffraction, TEM, TGA, FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Magnetite (Fe3O4) remained as the core of the carrier. The amount of PVP bound to the iron oxide nanoparticles was estimated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and the attachment of PVP to the iron oxide nanoparticles confirmed by FTIR analysis. The loading efficiency of Epirubicin hydrochloride onto the PVP coated and uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles was measured at intervals such as 1 hr and 24 hrs by UV-Vis Spectroscopy. The binding of Epirubicin hydrochloride to the PVP coated and uncoated iron oxide nanoparticles were confirmed by FTIR analysis. The present findings showed that Epirubicin hydrochloride loaded PVP coated iron oxide nanoparticles are promising for magnetically targeted drug delivery. The drug displayed increased cell cytotoxicity at lower concentrations when conjugated with the nanoparticles than being administered conventionally as individual drugs.
Lipase catalyzed ester synthesis for food processing industries (2009)

Lipases are one of the most important industrial biocatalyst which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lipids. It can also reverse the reaction at minimum water activity. Because of this pliable nature, it is widely exploited to catalyze the diverse bioconversion reactions, such as hydrolysis, esterification, interesterification, alcoholysis, acidolysis and aminolysis. The property to synthesize the esters from the fatty acids and glycerol promotes its use in various ester synthesis. The esters synthesized by lipase finds applications in numerous fields such as biodiesel production, resolution of the recemic drugs, fat and lipid modification, flavour synthesis, synthesis of enantiopure pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. It plays a crucial role in the food processing industries since the process is unaffected by the unwanted side products. Lipase modifications such as the surfactant coating, molecular imprinting to suit for the non-aqueous ester synthesis have also been reported. This review deals with lipase catalyzed ester synthesis, esterification strategies, optimum conditions and their applications in food processing industries.
Fission product behavior in the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment (1975)

Essentially all the fission product data for numerous and varied samples taken during operation of the Molten Salt Reactor Experiment or as part of the examination of specimens removed after particular phases of operation are reported, together with the appropriate inventory or other basis of comparison, and relevant reactor parameters and conditions. Fission product behavior fell into distinct chemical groups. Evidence for fission product behavior during operation over a period of 26 months with $sup 235$U fuel (more than 9000 effective full-power hours) was consistent with behavior during operation using $sup 233$U fuel over a period of about 15 months (more than 5100 effective full- power hours). (auth)
Recognition of multiunit neural signals (1992)

An essential step in studying nerve cell interaction during information processing is the extracellular microelectrode recording of the electrical activity of groups of adjacent cells. The recording usually contains the superposition of the spike trains produced by a number of neurons in the vicinity of the electrode. It is therefore necessary to correctly classify the signals generated by these different neurons. This paper considers this problem, and a new classification scheme is developed, which does not require human supervision. A learning stage is first applied on the beginning portion of the recording to estimate the typical spike shapes of the different neurons. As for the classification stage, a method is developed, which specifically considers the case when spikes overlap temporally. The method minimizes the probability of error, taking into account the statistical properties of the discharges of the neurons. The method is tested on a real recording as well as on synthetic data.
Carbonic Anhydrase Activators: Gold Nanoparticles Coated with Derivatized Histamine, Histidine, and Carnosine Show Enhanced Activatory Effects on Several Mammalian Isoforms (2011)

Lipoic acid moieties were attached to amine or amino acids showing activating properties against the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1). The obtained lipoic acid conjugates of histamine, L-histidine methyl ester, and L-carnosine methyl ester were attached to gold nanoparticles (NPs) by reaction with Au(III) salts in reducing conditions. The CA activators (CAAs)-coated NPs showed low nanomolar activation (K(A)s of 1-9 nM) of relevant cytosolic, membrane-bound, mitochondrial, and transmembrane CA isoforms, such as CA I, II, IV, VA, VII, and XIV. These NPs also effectively activated CAs ex vivo, in whole blood experiments, with an increase of 200-280% of the CA activity. This is the first example of enzyme activation with nanoparticles and may lead to biomedical applications for conditions in which the CA activity is diminished, such as aging, Alzheimer's disease, or CA deficiency syndrome.
Effect of sucrose phosphate and sorbitol on infectivity of enveloped viruses during storage (1983)

Cytomegalovirus and varicella-zoster virus recovery from sucrose phosphate (0.2 M SP) and 70% sorbitol (sorbitol) was compared after storage at -70, 4, and 20 degrees C over time. Recovery from 0.2 M SP was uniformly better. More tissue culture infective doses and infectious foci were recovered in cell monolayers inoculated with 0.2 M SP virus stocks as compared with viruses stored in 70% sorbitol. Although both viruses were isolated from diluted fresh stocks (10(-1) through 10(-4], freezing diluted virus suspensions generally resulted in diminished recovery. Similar stabilizing effects on respiratory syncytial virus and herpes simplex virus type 1 infectivities were observed when stocks were preserved in 0.2 M SP, as compared with 70% sorbitol. Overall, 0.2 M SP was better than 70% sorbitol for stabilizing cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, respiratory syncytial virus, and herpes simplex virus type 1 infectivities under the conditions tested.
Bringing advanced medical imaging into the operative arena could revolutionize the surgical care of cancer patients (2008)

Figure 1. (A) Preoperative 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT maximum intensity projection and (B) cross sectional fused 18F-FDG PET/CT images of a colorectal cancer patient demonstrating a solita...
Experimental Study on Anchoring Behavior of Non-Persistent Jointed Rock Mass (2020)

The jointed rock mass is a multi-crack body, which is cut by discontinuities such as joints and faults. These joints and faults destroy the integrity and continuity of rock mass and reduce the mechanical behavior of rock mass. The rock bolting is a suitable way to reinforce the jointed rock mass. By transferring tension and shear force, the rock bolting can make best use of the strength and stability of rock mass and restrict the deformation of rock mass. In this study, the specimens containing pre-set non-persistent joints were made with granite as prototype. A series of uniaxial compression tests of the reinforced jointed specimens were conducted by rock bolts with various inclinations. The relationships among the stress-strain, anchoring force, bolt strain, bolt inclination were studied, and the change rules of the parameters of the specimens and bolt with crack evolution during compression were analyzed. Results show that the peak strength and the equivalent elastic modulus of the anchored specimens with multiple non-persistent joints first increase and then decrease with the bolt inclination increasing. The optimal anchorage angle is about 65. The anchoring force is relatively large when the angle between the rock bolt and the minimum principal stress surface is small. There is a strong internal correlation among the stress, anchoring force, bolt strain and crack evolution of the jointed specimens. The obtained conclusions in this study can provide a reference to the similar engineering practice.
Highly Sensitive and Fast Protein Detection with Coomassie Brilliant Blue in Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (2002)

Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, KoreaReceived August 12, 2002Key Words : Coomasie brilliant blue, 2-Dimensional gel electrophoresis, ProteomicsDetection of proteins in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) is an important firststep for protein analysis. For years, various experimentalefforts have been directed to develop and improve theprotein detection methods
The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of a novel selective‐dose cannabis inhaler in patients with chronic pain: A randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial (2020)

Evidence suggests that cannabis-based medicines are an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults. The pharmacokinetics of THC varies as a function of its route of administration. Pulmonary assimilation of inhaled THC causes rapid onset of analgesia. However, currently used routes of cannabinoids delivery provide unknown doses, making it impossible to implement a pharmaceutical standard treatment plan. A novel selective-dose cannabis inhaler delivers significantly low and precise doses of THC, thus allowing the administration of inhaled cannabis-based medicines according to high pharmaceutical standards. These low doses of THC can produce safe and effective analgesia in patients with chronic pain.