gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Crucial Role for Tryptophan Catabolism at the Host/ <i>Candida albicans</i> Interface (2005)

By mediating tryptophan catabolism, the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) has a complex role in immunoregulation in infection, pregnancy, autoimmunity, transplantation, and neoplasia. We hypothesized that IDO might affect the outcome of the infection in mice infected with Candida albicans by virtue of its potent regulatory effects on inflammatory and T cell responses. IDO expression was examined in mice challenged with the fungus along with the consequences of its blockade by in vivo treatment with an enzyme inhibitor. We found that IDO activity was induced at sites of infection as well as in dendritic cells and effector neutrophils via IFN-gamma- and CTLA-4-dependent mechanisms. IDO inhibition greatly exacerbated infection and associated inflammatory pathology as a result of deregulated innate and adaptive/regulatory immune responses. However, a role for tryptophan catabolism was also demonstrated in a fungus-autonomous fashion; its blockade in vitro promoted yeast-to-hyphal transition. These results provide novel mechanistic insights into complex events that, occurring at the fungus/pathogen interface, relate to the dynamics of host adaptation to the fungus. The production of IFN-gamma may be squarely placed at this interface, where IDO activation probably exerts a fine control over fungal morphology as well as inflammatory and adaptive antifungal responses.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Induces Apoptosis in MCF-7 Cells In Vitro and In Vivo via Reactive Oxygen Species Formation and Caspase 8 Activation (2010)

DHA can strongly induce apoptosis in human MCF-7 breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of apoptosis in these cells is selectively mediated via caspase 8 activation. These observations call for further studies to assess the effectiveness of fish oil as a dietary supplement in the prevention and treatment of human breast cancer.
Adapting Standard Video Codecs for Depth Streaming (2011)

Cameras that can acquire a continuous stream of depth images are now commonly available, for instance the Microsoft Kinect. It may seem that one should be able to stream these depth videos using standard video codecs, such as VP8 or H.264. However, the quality degrades considerably as the compression algorithms are geared towards standard three-channel (8-bit) colour video, whereas depth videos are single-channel but have a higher bit depth.We present a novel encoding scheme that efficiently converts the single-channel depth images to standard 8-bit three-channel images, which can then be streamed using standard codecs. Our encoding scheme ensures that the compression affects the depth values as little as possible. We show results obtained using two common video encoders (VP8 and H.264) as well as the results obtained when using JPEG compression. The results indicate that our encoding scheme performs much better than simpler methods
Cocaine: analysis, pharmacokinetics, and metabolic disposition. (1988)

The ability to measure concentrations of cocaine in body fluids can contribute substantially to any investigation of cocaine's pharmacological effects. Design of research which involves the administration of cocaine must take into account current knowledge regarding the drug's pharmacokinetics. Cocaine's very rapid elimination from the body should be considered in attempting to understand patterns of cocaine abuse, and such phenomena as bingeing and acute tolerance. Accurate analysis of cocaine and/or its metabolites is essential to the diagnosis and evaluation of cocaine use whether for medical or forensic purposes. Appropriate selection of methods for analysis of cocaine depends upon the intended purpose of the assay, and correct interpretation of the data obtained upon knowledge of cocaine's kinetics and metabolic disposition.
Characterizing the performance of two optical particle counters (Grimm OPC1.108 and OPC1.109) under urban aerosol conditions (2010)

The performance of Grimm optical particle counters (OPC, models 1.108 and 1.109) was characterized under urban aerosol conditions. Number concentrations were well correlated. The different lower cut-off diameters (0.25 and 0.3 μm) give an average difference of 23.5%. Both detect less than 10% of the total particle concentration (0.01-1 μm; Differential Mobility Analyzer), but in the respective size ranges, differences are <10%. OPC number size distributions were converted to mass concentrations using instrument-specific factors given by the manufacturer. Mass concentrations for OPC1.108 were 60% higher than for OPC1.109 and (in case of OPC1.109) much lower than those measured with an impactor in the relevant size range or a TSP filter. Using the C-factor correction suggested by the manufacturer, OPC1.109 underestimated mass concentrations by 21% (impactor) and by about 36% (TSP filter), which is in the range of comparability of co-located different mass concentration methods (Hitzenberger, Berner, Maenhaut, Cafmeyer, Schwarz, & Mueller et al., 2004).
Differential expression of catalase genes in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia (L.). (1994)

We have analyzed the expression of three catalase (Cat; EC 1.11.1.6) genes from Nicotiana plumbaginifolia by means of RNA blot and in situ hybridizations. Our data demonstrate that the expression of each catalase is associated with a particular H2O2-producing process. Cat1 appears to be specifically involved in the scavenging of photorespiratory H2O2 and is under control of a circadian rhythm, Cat2 is uniformly expressed in different organs with a cellular preference for vascular tissues, and the expression profile of Cat3 points to a role in glyoxysomal processes. Differential expression of these catalases is also manifested in response to temperature changes. DNA sequence comparison with other dicotyledonous catalases led to the identification of at least three distinct classes, which indicates that the functional organization of catalases is generally conserved in dicotyledonous plants.
Robust stock value prediction using support vector machines with particle swarm optimization (2015)

Attempting to understand and characterize trends in the stock market has been the goal of numerous market analysts, but these patterns are often difficult to detect until after they have been firmly established. Recently, attempts have been made by both large companies and individual investors to utilize intelligent analysis and trading algorithms to identify potential trends before they occur in the market environment, effectively predicting future stock values and outlooks. In this paper, three different classification algorithms will be compared for the purposes of maximizing capital while minimizing risk to the investor. The main contribution of this work is a demonstrated improvement over other prediction methods using machine learning; the results show that tuning support vector machine parameters with particle swarm optimization leads to highly accurate (approximately 95%) and robust stock forecasting for historical datasets.
Selective and broad spectrum amphiphilic small molecules to combat bacterial resistance and eradicate biofilms (2015)

Rationally designed amphiphilic small molecules selectively kill drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria over mammalian cells. The small molecules disperse preformed biofilms and reduce viable bacterial count in the biofilms. Moreover, this class of membrane-active molecules disarms the development of bacterial resistance.
Matchmaking: distributed resource management for high throughput computing (2002)

Conventional resource management systems use a system model to describe resources and a centralized scheduler to control their allocation. We argue that this paradigm does not adapt well to distributed systems, particularly those built to support high throughput computing. Obstacles include heterogeneity of resources, which make uniform allocation algorithms difficult to formulate, and distributed ownership, leading to widely varying allocation policies. Faced with these problems, we developed and implemented the classified advertisement (classad) matchmaking framework, a flexible and general approach to resource management in distributed environment with decentralized ownership of resources. Novel aspects of the framework include a semi structured data model that combines schema, data, and query in a simple but powerful specification language, and a clean separation of the matching and claiming phases of resource allocation. The representation and protocols result in a robust, scalable and flexible framework that can evolve with changing resources. The framework was designed to solve real problems encountered in the deployment of Condor, a high throughput computing system developed at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Condor is heavily used by scientists at numerous sites around the world. It derives much of its robustness and efficiency from the matchmaking architecture.
Nonequispaced curvelet transform for seismic data reconstruction: A sparsity-promoting approach (2010)

Abstract We extend our earlier work on the nonequispaced fast discrete curvelet transform (NFDCT) and introduce a second generation of the transform. This new generation differs from the previous one by the approach taken to compute accurate curvelet coefficients from irregularly sampled data. The first generation relies on accurate Fourier coefficients obtained by an l2-regularized inversion of the nonequispaced fast Fourier transform (FFT) whereas the second is based on a direct l1-regularized inversion of the operator that links curvelet coefficients to irregular data. Also, by construction the second generation NFDCT is lossless unlike the first generation NFDCT. This property is particularly attractive for processing irregularly sampled seismic data in the curvelet domain and bringing them back to their irregular recording locations with high fidelity. Secondly, we combine the second generation NFDCT with the standard fast discrete curvelet transform (FDCT) to form a new curvelet-based method, coined nonequispaced curvelet reconstruction with sparsity-promoting inversion (NCRSI) for the regularization and interpolation of irregularly sampled data. We demonstrate that for a pure regularization problem the reconstruction is very accurate. The signal-to-reconstruction error ratio in our example is above 40dB. We also conduct combined interpolation and regularization experiments. The reconstructions for synthetic data are accurate, particularly when the recording locations are optimally jittered. The reconstruction in our real data example shows amplitudes along the main wavefronts smoothly varying with limited acquisition imprint.
Characterization of a Mid-Infrared Hollow Waveguide Gas Cell for the Analysis of Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide (2006)

Infrared spectroscopy is commonly applied to the analysis of small gas-phase molecules. One of the limitations of using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy for these applications is the time response of long path length gas cells. Hollow waveguides (HW) that transmit in the mid-infrared spectral range have higher optical efficiencies compared to long path length cells due to smaller cell volumes. This study characterizes a silver coated, 2 mm inner diameter HW for the analysis of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO) and compares the performance to a 3 m gas cell and traditional gas analyzers. The HW was found to have a CO response time less than the NDIR analyzer and approximately one-tenth of the response time on the FT-IR system equipped with a 3 m gas cell. The utility of the increased response time was demonstrated by measuring CO concentrations in sidestream cigarette smoke at the same temporal resolution as an NDIR analyzer. A 10 to 60% increase in sensitivity using various frequencies for both CO and NO was observed using the HW compared to the 3 m multipass gas cell. However, cost savings for gas-sensing applications can be achieved on a per analyte basis by using FT-IR spectroscopy, especially in combination with a HW gas-sensing module, which is significantly less expensive than a multipass gas cell.
A Novel Type of Compliant, Underactuated Robotic Hand for Dexterous Grasping (2014)

We built a highly compliant, underactuated, robust and at the same time dexterous anthropomorphic hand. We evaluate its dexterous grasping capabilities by implementing the comprehensive Feix taxonomy of human grasps and by assessing the dexterity of its opposable thumb using the Kapandji test. We also illustrate the hand's payload limits and demonstrate its grasping capabilities in real-world grasping experiments. To support our claim that compliant structures are beneficial for dexterous grasping, we compare the dimensionality of control necessary to implement the diverse grasp postures with the dimensionality of the grasp postures themselves. We find that actuation space is smaller than posture space and explain the difference with the mechanic interaction between hand and grasped object. Additional desirable properties are derived from using soft robotics technology: the hand is robust to impact and blunt collisions, inherently safe, and not affected by dirt, dust, or liquids. Furthermore, the hand is simple and inexpensive to manufacture.
Costimulation via CD55 on Human CD4+ T Cells Mediated by CD97 (2006)

Decay-accelerating factor (CD55) is a complement regulatory protein, which is expressed by most cells to protect them from complement-mediated attack. CD55 also binds CD97, an EGF-TM7 receptor constitutively expressed on granulocytes and monocytes and rapidly up-regulated on T and B cells upon activation. Early results suggested that CD55 could further enhance T cell proliferation induced by phorbol ester treatment. The present study demonstrates that coengagement of CD55, using either cross-linking mAbs or its natural ligand CD97, and CD3 results in enhanced proliferation of human peripheral blood CD4(+) T cells, expression of the activation markers CD69 and CD25, and secretion of IL-10 and GM-CSF. Recently, an increase in T cell responsiveness in CD55(-/-) mice was shown to be mediated by a lack of complement regulation. In this study, we show that direct stimulation of CD55 on CD4(+) T cells with CD97 can modulate T cell activation but does not interfere with CD55-mediated complement regulation. Our results support a multifaceted role for CD55 in human T cell activation, constituting a further link between innate and adaptive immunity.
3D printed breathable mould steel: Small micrometer-sized, interconnected pores by creatively introducing foaming agent to additive manufacturing (2019)

Additive manufacturing & 3D printing has almost no limitation in realizing any geometry due to its layer-by-layer manufacturing manner, while producing small-sized, interconnected pores is one of its major challenges. In this study, we report that, by creatively combining additive manufacturing with foaming agent, interconnected pores (~26 vol.% porosity) with pore size of 2–30 μm have been successfully achieved. One of the most important applications of such unique structure is for developing the so-called breathable mould steel. Breathability is rather demanding for the mould industry, since it is capable to eliminate the trapped, detrimental gas during injection moulding and therefore much improve the quality of as-injected parts. It will be revealed by the study that, due to a good selection of the foaming agent (i.e. CrNx), the as-printed breathable steel has a great combination of compressive strength (~1.3 GPa), strain (~26%), microhardness (~360 HV) and corrosion resistance, along with sufficient breathability. These mechanical properties are even superior to the commercial PM-35 breathable steel. Based on detailed microstructural characterization, the affecting factors to the pore forming are studied, and the importance of the novel approach developed by the current study has been addressed.
Impact of hepatitis B therapy on the long‐term outcome of liver disease (2011)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a dynamic series of interactions between HBV, hepatocytes and the patient's immune system. HBV replication is the key motor of disease progression, including the development of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HBV elimination or suppression can reduce the risk of or slow the progression of liver disease. Studies have shown that a finite course of conventional interferon-α (IFN) therapy provides long-term benefit for achieving a cumulative response as well as reducing the progression of fibrosis and the development of cirrhosis and/or HCC. Long-term therapy with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NUCs) may also improve fibrosis or reverse advanced fibrosis as well as reduce disease progression and the development of HCC. The problems associated with drug resistance can be overcome by the timely use of rescue NUCs without cross-resistance. The outcome with pegylated IFN (PEG-IFN) and newer NUCs may be even better because of more effective treatment and/or a low risk of resistance. However, the treatment outcomes still need to be improved, and more effective, safe and affordable anti-HBV agents/strategies are needed.
ST THOMAS AQUINAS (1925)

Journal Article ST THOMAS AQUINAS Get access Aristoteks: Grundlegung einer Geschichte seiner Entwicklung, WERNER von JAEGER. ( Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, Berlin, 1923.) CLEMENT C. J. WEBB CLEMENT C. J. WEBB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XXVII, Issue 105, October 1925, Pages 97–100, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XXVII.105.97 Published: 01 October 1925
Two New Point Mutations at A2062 Associated with Resistance to 16-Membered Macrolide Antibiotics in Mutant Strains of <i>Mycoplasma hominis</i> (2001)

We describe two mutants of Mycoplasma hominis PG-21 which show resistance to 16-membered macrolides but susceptibility to lincosamides, obtained by in vitro exposure to increasing doses of josamycin. The 23S rRNA gene showed that each had a mutation (A2062G and A2062T) corresponding to nucleotide 2062 in Escherichia coli, which was associated with the acquired phenotype.
Mixed-Level Fault Coverage Estimation (1986)

A Fault coverage estimation technique for mixed-level circuit is described. Observability formulae for combinational multiple-input multiple-output functional block are derived. Special procedures for estimating CMOS circuit transistor fault detection probability are developed, and the implementation of a FAult Coverage Estimation (FACE) system is described.
The mechanism of action of methotrexate. III. Requirement of free intracellular methotrexate for maximal suppression of (14C)formate incorporation into nucleic acids and protein. (1975)

Recent studies from this laboratory suggest that association of methotrexate with high-affinity intracellular binding sites has little effect upon the incorporation of [3H]deoxyuridine into DNA, while relatively high intracellular levels of methotrexate in excess of the tightly bound fraction are required for inhibition. In this report the effects of different components of intracellular methotrexate on [14C]formate uptake and incorporation into nucleic acids and proteins in cultured L-cell mouse fibroblasts are evaluated. [14C]Formate is rapidly taken up by these cells and metabolized to molecular forms which do not penetrate the cell membrane. After 30 min about 60% of the 14C remains in the acid-soluble fraction. Of the radiolabel in the acid precipitate approximately 55% is associated with RNA, 11% with DNA, and 33% with protein. Intracellular methotrexate sufficient only to saturate high-affinity sites causes only slight inhibition of [14C]formate uptake by intact cells or of [14C]formate incorporation into RNA, DNA, and protein. However, intracellular methotrexate in excess of this fraction markedly inhibits these processes, with 50% inhibition of [14C]formate incorporation into DNA, RNA, and protein at intracellular methotrexate levels of 0.3, 1.0, and 3 µM, respectively. These data suggest that intracellular methotrexate in excess of that necessary to saturate high-affinity sites is required to suppress nucleic acid and protein synthesis—an effect that may be related to an interaction between methotrexate and a dihydrofolate reductase form with a low affinity for this agent.
Parenteral l-alanyl-l-glutamine improves 6-month outcome in critically ill patients* (2002)

Study results support the hypothesis that replacement of glutamine deficiency may correct the excess mortality in intensive care unit patients caused by inadequate parenteral nutrition.
Interaction of the human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) transcriptional activator Tax with cellular factors that bind specifically to the 21-base-pair repeats in the HTLV-I enhancer. (1991)

The human T-cell lymphotrophic virus type I (HTLV-I) Tax protein activates transcription from three 21-base-pair (bp) repeat sequences in the viral enhancer. Using gel electrophoretic mobility-shift assays, we now show that Tax interacts directly with the nuclear proteins, Tax activation factors (TAFs), that bind the 21-bp repeats. This interaction is demonstrated by decreased electrophoretic mobilities of the TAFs-21-bp-repeats complexes upon supply of Tax exogenously. Formation of the TAFs-21-bp-repeats and Tax-TAFs-21-bp-repeats complexes correlates with in vivo transactivation by Tax. Furthermore, interaction of Tax with TAFs enhances their binding to the 21-bp repeats. These data indicate that trans-activation by Tax is most likely mediated by interaction of Tax with TAFs.
Syntheses of Haptens Related to the Benzenoid and Indole Portions of Sporidesmin A; 13C N.M.R. Spectra of Indole Derivatives (1979)

The syntheses of 2-amino-5-chloro-3,4-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (2) and 5-chloro-6,7-dimethoxy- N - methyl-1 H -indol-3-yloxoacetic acid (22), potential haptens related to the benzenoid and indole portions of the mycotoxin sporidesmin, are described. 13C N.M.R. assignments for the latter and ten related indole compounds are given.
A review of the metabolism and toxicology of nickel. (1977)

Although nickel is an essential element for animal nutrition, the physiological role of nickel is not yet established. Pathological alterations of nickel metabolism are recognized in several human diseases. The diverse clinical manifestations of nickel toxicology include: (1) acute pneumonitis from inhalation of nickel carbonyl, (2) chronic rhinitis and sinusitis from inhalation of nickel aerosols, (3) cancers of nasal cavities and lungs in nickel workers, and (4) dermatitis and other hypersensitive reactions from cutaneous and parenteral exposures to nickel alloys. The toxicity, carcinogenicity and embryotoxicity of nickel compounds in experimental animals are reviewed in this article, and consideration is given to the therapeutic use of chelating drugs in nickel poisoning.