gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol:  Isomeric Molar Absorptivities and Stability (1996)

Resveratrol has attracted interest as a wine constituent that may reduce heart disease. Published data on the molar absorptivity and chemical stability of cis- and trans-resveratrol have varied greatly. Accurate values for UV absorbance for trans-resveratrol [UV λmax (EtOH) nm (ε) 308 (30 000)] and cis-resveratrol [UV λmax (EtOH) nm (ε) 288 (12 600)] were determined and are used to improve chromatographic quantitation methods. Trials conducted under a variety of commonly encountered laboratory conditions show that trans-resveratrol is stable for months, except in high-pH buffers, when protected from light. cis-Resveratrol was stable only near pH neutrality when completely protected from light. Keywords: Antioxidant; phenolic; wine; grape; stilbene; isomer; UV spectroscopy; absorptivity
Purification and characterization of bovine leukemia virus DNA polymerase. (1979)

An RNA-directed DNA polymerase was purified from bovine leukemia virus (BLV) by successive glycerol gradient centrifugation, column chromatography on phosphocellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G-200. The purified DNA polymerase transcribes heteropolymeric regions of 30--40 S RNA isolated from avian myeloblastosis virus. The enzyme differs from other known DNA polymerases of mammalian type-C RNA tumor viruses by the following properties: 1. Its apparent molecular weight as estimated by velocity sedimentation data is 58,000 at 0.12 M KCl and 43,000 in the presence of 0.50 M KCl. 2. It has a Mg2+ optimum of 10 mM, and a Mn2+ optimum of 0.25 mM with (rA)n-(dT)10 as template. 3. At 50 mM KCl it is inhibited more than 70%, but it is not inhibited by phosphate ions at 2 mM. These properties confirm the peculiar position of BLV within the family Retraviridae.
An Investigation of the Statistical Power of Neutrality Tests Based on Comparative and Population Genetic Data (2008)

In this report, we investigate the statistical power of several tests of selective neutrality based on patterns of genetic diversity within and between species. The goal is to compare tests based solely on population genetic data with tests using comparative data or a combination of comparative and population genetic data. We show that in the presence of repeated selective sweeps on relatively neutral background, tests based on the d(N)/d(S) ratios in comparative data almost always have more power to detect selection than tests based on population genetic data, even if the overall level of divergence is low. Tests based solely on the distribution of allele frequencies or the site frequency spectrum, such as the Ewens-Watterson test or Tajima's D, have less power in detecting both positive and negative selection because of the transient nature of positive selection and the weak signal left by negative selection. The Hudson-Kreitman-Aguadé test is the most powerful test for detecting positive selection among the population genetic tests investigated, whereas McDonald-Kreitman test typically has more power to detect negative selection. We discuss our findings in the light of the discordant results obtained in several recently published genomic scans.
Small cell carcinoma of the lung experience with a six-drug regimen (1980)

Thirty-seven patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung and no prior chemotherapy were treated with a program involving the alternation of two three-drug regimens, each composed of individually active agents with different mechanisms of action. The two treatment phases consisted of: 1) cyclophosphamide, 1000 mg/m2; adriamycin, 30 mg/m2; and vincristine, 1.4 mg/m2, all given intravenously (IV) on days 1 and 22 (CAV); and 2) 1,3-bis(2-chlorethyl)-1 nitroso-urea (BCNU), 100 mg/m2 IV on days 43 and 44; methotrexate, 30 mg/m2 IV on days 50 and 64; and procarbazine, 100 mg/m2 orally from days 51 through day 64 (BMP). Treatments were recycled with CAV on day 85. Radiation therapy was used to control local disease that did not respond completely to chemotherapy, as well as to palliate local symptoms from progressive cancer. Of the 31 patients evaluable for a response to chemotherapy and radiation therapy, 71% demonstrated complete or partial (>50%) tumor regression, with a median response duration of seven months (range = 1–25+ months). The median survival time from start of therapy was 11.5 months for patients with limited disease and 7.5 months for those with extensive disease. Toxicity included universal nausea and vomiting; leukopenia (leukocyte count <3000/μl) in 29% during CAV and 27% during BMP with two episodes of injection and one death; and thrombocytopenia (platelets <50,000/μl in 3% during CAV and 42% during BMP. The present six-drug program has thus failed to demonstrate any obvious advantage over our previous four-drug regimen10.
Structural Domains and Matrix Attachment Regions along Colinear Chromosomal Segments of Maize and Sorghum (2000)

Alexander P. Tikhonov, Jeffrey L. Bennetzen, Zoya V. Avramova, Structural Domains and Matrix Attachment Regions along Colinear Chromosomal Segments of Maize and Sorghum, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 2 (Feb., 2000), pp. 249-264
Development of a Multiplex-PCR probe system for the proper identification of Klebsiella variicola (2015)

This multiplex-PCR provides the means to reliably identify and genotype K. variicola. This tool could be very helpful for clinical, epidemiological, and population genetics studies of this species. A low but significant prevalence of K. variicola isolates was found, implying that misclassification had occurred previously. We believe that our multiplex-PCR assay could be of paramount importance to understand the population dynamics of K. variicola in both clinical and environmental settings.
Manufacture of Homogeneous Ingots of Al-Pb Alloy by Casting in a Movable Metal Mold with Water Spraying (1986)

Al-8%Pb alloy ingots 20 to 40×10−3 m in diameter and 180×10−3 m in height were cast in a movable metal mold with water spraying at mold moving speed of 0.5 to 3.0×10−3 m/s at a casting temperature of 1273 K. Cooling rate and temperature gradient of these ingots within a temperature range in which two liquid phases coexist were 2.5 to 15.5 K/s and 5 to 4.5×103 K/m respectively and rate of monotectic solidification was 500 to 4500 μm/s. When cooling and solidification modes were the intermediate type between solidification by water dipping and unidirectional soliclification, gravity segregation was reduced in these ingots. This solidification mode is to cool the liquid phase from the side wall of a metal mold and to cool unidirectionally by a solidified layer beneath it. Based on this cooling mode, the homogeneous ingot could be produced according to the solidification mode which solidify steadily in the vertical unidirection into a L1+L2 region with high heat gradient. The casting condition was 40×10−3 m in diameter, 1.0×10−3 m/s in mold moving speed and 1273 K in casting temperature.
A Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Mercaptans Catalyzed by Hydroquinone and its Homologs (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Kinetic Study of the Oxidation of Mercaptans Catalyzed by Hydroquinone and its HomologsG. H. MeguerianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 19, 5019–5022Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01624a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01624a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elimination of Nonspecific Components from Viral Antigens by Fluorocarbon (1958)

Summary Several viral complement fixing antigens derived from various host systems were treated with fluorocarbon. It was possible to remove undesirable reactivities such as anticomplementary activity and host component antigens from these preparations. The specific complement fixing antigens demonstrated differences in their susceptibilities to the fluorocarbon treatment. Those of the Coxsackie and poliomyelitis groups tolerated successive treatments without loss in titers. Others, i.e., mumps and influenza virus (V) and soluble (S) antigens, were precipitated after 2 treatments.
Augmented Very Low Frequency Component of Heart Rate Variability During Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1996)

After documenting the presence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) through polysomnographic monitoring, we performed simultaneous ambulatory recordings of electrocardiogram, oronasal airflow, and pulse oximetry on 12 OSAS patients with normal autonomic nervous function for a period of 24 hours. The power spectrum of heart rate variability was investigated before and during treatments using dental appliances. Freuquency domain analysis showed that the very low frequency component of heart rate (0.008-0.04 Hz) was increased in OSAS patients and that a very low frequency peak appeared during episodes of obstructive sleep apnea. The increase in very low frequency identification was synchronized with episodes of absence of air exchange or hypoxemia (decreased arterial oxygen saturation) that occurred repeatedly at a cycle length of 25-120 seconds in our subjects. Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability before and during prosthetic mandibular advancement treatment showed that only the very low frequency was significantly decreased during prosthetic mandibular advancement treatment, whereas the other frequencies, i.e. high, low, and ultralow frequency component values, showed no significant changes. Time domain analysis of heart rate variability before and during prosthetic mandibular advancement treatment showed no significant changes in any of these parameters. Frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability during nocturnal sleep, especially investigation of very low frequency and very low frequency peak, can be a noninvasive low-cost approach to diagnose and even better monitor subjects undergoing treatment at home, particularly considering that R-R intervals can be extracted from pulse oximetry and that analysis software programs are already commercially available.
Selective <i>N</i> -acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibition reveals a key role for endogenous palmitoylethanolamide in inflammation (2009)

Identifying points of control in inflammation is essential to discovering safe and effective antiinflammatory medicines. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is a naturally occurring lipid amide that, when administered as a drug, inhibits inflammatory responses by engaging peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-alpha). PEA is preferentially hydrolyzed by the cysteine amidase N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA), which is highly expressed in macrophages. Here we report the discovery of a potent and selective NAAA inhibitor, N-[(3S)-2-oxo-3-oxetanyl]-3-phenylpropanamide [(S)-OOPP], and show that this inhibitor increases PEA levels in activated leukocytes and blunts responses induced by inflammatory stimuli both in vitro and in vivo. These effects are stereoselective, mimicked by exogenous PEA, and abolished by PPAR-alpha deletion. (S)-OOPP also attenuates inflammation and tissue damage and improves recovery of motor function in mice subjected to spinal cord trauma. The results suggest that PEA activation of PPAR-alpha in leukocytes serves as an early stop signal that contrasts the progress of inflammation. The PEA-hydrolyzing amidase NAAA may provide a previously undescribed target for antiinflammatory medicines.
α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>5</sub>Integrin is Localized at Focal Contacts by HT-1080 Fibrosarcoma Cells and Human Skin Fibroblasts Attached to Vitronectin (1994)

In this study we characterized alpha v beta 5 integrin on HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. First, alpha v beta 5 integrin was immunoprecipitated by 125I-surface labeled HT-1080 cells using a polyclonal antibody specific for beta 5 subunit (cytoplasmic domain). A heterodimer consisting of a beta 5-chain running at 100 kD (reduced) and 90 kD (non-reduced) associated with an alpha-chain 145 kD (non-reduced) and 125 kD (reduced) was obtained by SDS-PAGE and autoradiography. By double-immunofluorescence labeling, we then investigated alpha v beta 5 distribution on HT-1080 cells. Upon staining with anti-beta 5 subunit antibody, alpha v beta 5 was detected in focal contacts on cells attached to vitronectin (vn), co-localizing with vinculin at the end of actin filaments. Comparative analysis of alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3 showed that both receptors can occupy the same focal contact, although on the same cell mostly they are clustered in independent focal contacts. Focal distribution of alpha v beta 5 was also found on normal human fibroblasts attached to vn, suggesting that this is not a specific feature of HT-1080 cells. Finally, we investigated the role of alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3 integrins in mediating HT-1080 cell adhesion to vn. Inhibition studies using antibodies with function-blocking activity to alpha v beta 5 and alpha v beta 3 suggest a primary role of alpha v beta 5 to support cell adhesion, with a weak contribute of alpha v beta 3. Their activity can be modulated by divalent cations. Our results provide the first evidence of focal distribution of alpha v beta 5 integrin on cells attached to vn.
Analysis of sequence homologies in plant and bacterial pyruvate phosphate dikinase, enzyme I of the bacterial phospoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system and other PEP-utilizing enzymes. Identification of potential catalytic and regulatory motifs (1990)

In this paper we report the amino acid sequence of pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK) from Bacteroides symbiosus as determined from the nucleotide sequence of the PPDK gene. Comparison of the B. symbiosus PPDK amino acid sequence with that of the maize PPDK [Matsuoka, M., Ozeki, Y., Yamamoto, N., Hirano, H., Kamo-Murakami, Y., & Tanaka, Y. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 11080] revealed long stretches of homologous sequence (greater than 70% identity), which contributed to an overall sequence identity of 53%. The circular dichrosim spectra, hydropathy profiles, and calculated secondary structural elements of the two dikinases suggest that they may have very similar tertiary structures as well. A comparison made between the amino acid sequence of the maize and B. symbiosus dikinase with other known protein sequences revealed homology, concentrated in three stretches of sequences, to a mechanistically related enzyme, enzyme I of the Escherichia coli PEP: sugar phosphotransferase system [Saffen, D. W., Presper, K. A., Doering, T. L., Roseman, S. (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 16241]. It is proposed that (i) these three stretches of sequence constitute the site for PEP binding and catalysis and a possible site for the regulation of enzymatic activity and (ii) the conserved sequences exist in a third mechanistically related enzyme, PEP synthase.
BOOK AND FILM REVIEWS: Energy Crisis and the Sun: The Coming of Solar Energy (1974)

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ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CANNABINOID MODEL COMPOUNDS. PART 3. (6AR, 10AR)‐N‐ETHYL‐Δ8‐TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL‐18‐AMIDE, (6AR, 10AR, 17RS)‐N‐ETHYL‐17‐METHYL‐Δ8‐TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL‐18‐AMIDE AND (6AR, 10AR)‐17,18‐DIDEHYDRO‐Δ8‐TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL (1984)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb) werden aus den Säuren (Ia) bzw. (Ib), deren schon beschriebene Synthese von 3,5‐Dihydroxy‐benzaldehyd ausgeht, dargestellt.
A digitally self-calibrating 14-bit 10-MHz CMOS pipelined A/D converter (2002)

A digitally self-calibrating pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) featuring 1.5-bit/stage structure is presented. The integral (INL) and differential nonlinearity (DNL) errors are removed using a novel digital calibration algorithm, which also eliminates missing codes that can occur with other calibration algorithms near the extremes of the input range. After calibration, the measured DNL is /spl plusmn/0.6 LSB and the INL is /spl plusmn/2.5 LSB at the 14-bit level. Sampling at a 10-MHz rate, the chip dissipates 220 mW and (post-calibration) yields a signal-to-noise ratio of 77 dB and a spurious-free dynamic range of 95 dB with 4.8-MHz sine wave input signal. The chip is fabricated in 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS double-poly double-metal process, measures 3.8 mm /spl times/ 3.3 mm (150 mil /spl times/ 130 mil), and operates from a single 5-V supply.
Performance of gelled, pelletized, and liquid metham sodium as internal remedial treatments for Douglas-fir poles. (1998)

The effectiveness of gelled metham sodium (40% sodium n-methyl-dithiocarbamate or NaMDC) against wood-degrading fungi was compared with that of conventional liquid metham sodium in a series of laboratory trials. Gelled metham sodium appeared to decompose to methylisothiocyanate at slightly higher levels than did the liquid formulations, although the degree of fungal control did not differ markedly. Field trials of gelled and a pelletized formulation containing 25 percent NaMDC indicated that both performed in a manner similar to that previously found with the liquid formulation, with levels of residual chemical declining between 2 and 3 years after treatment. The results indicate that the performance of the gelled and pelletized formulations is comparable to that of the liquid formulation, but the former two provide a safer means of application.
DNA repair inhibitors (1999)

DNA repair is essential for cell survival by preventing the formation of mutations which can be lethal and in some cases at the origin of tumours. The DNA repair may occur directly by enzymatic removal of damage from the nucleobase or indirectly, step by step (recognition of the damage, excision, DNA resynthesis). During chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer, the action of DNA repair proteins may lead to tumour cell resistance. This resistance might be overcome by the use of DNA repair inhibitors. The better characterised repair proteins are O6-alkylguanine alkyltransferases (AGT) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). AGT removes alkylgroups from guanine O6 position via a one step suicide mechanism. The inhibition of AGT activity results from alkylation of the enzyme with a reactive O6modified guanine analogue. Encouraging results were obtained in combination with mono-alkylating agents on cell cultures. O6-benzylguanine (O6-BG) has been used in clinical trials. PARP is implicated in single strand break repair (SSB). This enzyme catalyses the formation of branched (ADP-ribose) polymers using NAD as a unique source of nucleotides. Various compounds including nicotinamide and benzamide analogues appeared to inhibit PARP activity in vitro and in cultured cells. Promising results have been obtained with excision repair pathways: base excision repair (BER) and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Recently, gene therapy has been envisaged to introduce DNA repair protein antagonists or p53 protein to trigger apoptosis.
Targeting Protein–Protein Interactions in the HIF System (2016)

Animals respond to chronic hypoxia by increasing the levels of a transcription factor known as the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF upregulates multiple genes, the products of which work to ameliorate the effects of limited oxygen at cellular and systemic levels. Hypoxia sensing by the HIF system involves hydroxylase-catalysed post-translational modifications of the HIF α-subunits, which 1) signal for degradation of HIF-α and 2) limit binding of HIF to transcriptional coactivator proteins. Because the hypoxic response is relevant to multiple disease states, therapeutic manipulation of the HIF-mediated response has considerable medicinal potential. In addition to modulation of catalysis by the HIF hydroxylases, the HIF system manifests other possibilities for therapeutic intervention involving protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid interactions. Recent advances in our understanding of the structural biology and biochemistry of the HIF system are facilitating medicinal chemistry efforts. Herein we give an overview of the HIF system, focusing on structural knowledge of protein-protein interactions and how this might be used to modulate the hypoxic response for therapeutic benefit.
Involvement of enzymes other than CYPs in the oxidative metabolism of xenobiotics (2006)

Although the majority of oxidative metabolic reactions are mediated by the CYP superfamily of enzymes, non-CYP-mediated oxidative reactions can play an important role in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The (major) oxidative enzymes, other than CYPs, involved in the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics are: the flavin-containing monooxygenases, the molybdenum hydroxylases (aldehyde oxidase and xanthine oxidase), the prostaglandin H synthase, the lipoxygenases, the amine oxidases (monoamine, polyamine, diamine and semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases) and the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases. In a similar manner to CYPs, these oxidative enzymes can also produce therapeutically active metabolites and reactive/toxic metabolites, modulate the efficacy of therapeutically active drugs or contribute to detoxification. Many of them have been shown to be important in endobiotic metabolism, and, consequently, interactions between drugs and endogenous compounds might occur when they are involved in drug metabolism. In general, most non-CYP oxidative enzymes appear to be noninducible or much less inducible than the CYP system, although some of them may be as inducible as some CYPs. Some of these oxidative enzymes exhibit polymorphic expression, as do some CYPs. It is possible that the contribution of non-CYP oxidative enzymes to the overall metabolism of xenobiotics is underestimated, as most investigations of drug metabolism in discovery and lead optimisation are performed using in vitro test systems optimised for CYP activity.
Effect of thin oxide layers incorporated in spin valve structures (2001)

The enhancement of the magnetoresistance effect, induced by incorporating nano-oxide layers (NOLs) in a bottom-type spin valve, was studied for various preparation conditions. The effect of a NOL in the Co90Fe10 pinned layer was found to depend critically on the oxygen pressure applied to form the thin oxide film. Pressures over 10−3 Torr O2 yield oxides thicker than about 0.7 nm, which apparently deteriorate the biasing field which exists over the oxide. The magnetoresistance values can further be raised by forming a specular reflecting oxide on top of the sense layer. Promising results were obtained with an Al2O3 capping layer formed in a solid-state oxidation reaction that occurs spontaneously when a thin Al layer is deposited on the oxidized surface of the Co90Fe10 sense layer.
Preparation of Derivtives of (<i>R</i>)-1,2,4-Butanetriol from L-Ascorbic Acid (1988)

Methyl 3,4-O-isopropylidene L-threonate (3), obtained from L-ascorbic acid, was converted to its O-phenyl thiocarbonate 4. Deoxygenation of 4 with tri-n-butyltin hydride gave the protected 3,4-dihydroxybutanoate 5, which was converted to the (R)-1,2,4-butanetriol derivatives 6 and 7.