gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Implementation Techniques for Block-Level Cloud Storage Systems (2014)

A fundamental building block for an IaaS (Infrastructure-as-a-Service) cloud service such as Amazon's EC2 is a storage virtualization system that provides block-level storage services to individual virtual machines over the network. This dissertation addresses four major problems in such a block-level cloud storage system, in the context of an end-to-end IaaS solution called ITRI Cloud OS. First, to effectively eliminate redundancies in stored data blocks, we propose a scalable block-level deduplication engine called Sungem, which uses both sampling and prefetching to minimize the performance overhead of fingerprint accesses, and features a storage block garbage collection algorithm whose run- time overhead is proportional only to the size of the delta between consecutive backup operations. Second, to efficiently flush meta-data updates associated with large-scale block-level storage management, we developed a novel storage system architecture called BOSC (Batching mOdifications with Sequential Commit), which uses largely sequential writes to commit updates to disk and is thus able to sustain high-throughput and low-latency metadata updates that are largely random. Third, as part of the BOSC architecture, we invented a high-throughput low-latency disk logging system called Beluga, which fashions a carefully tuned disk write pipeline and makes it possible to provide, on an array of three commodity 7200 RPM SATA disks, close to 5 million fine-grained (64-byte) disk logging operations per second, which is close to the maximum possible bandwidth on a commodity disk, while keeping the latency of each logging operation under 1 msec. Finally, we devised a set of techniques for supporting software-defined storage service on a distributed and replicated storage architecture. Specifically, we developed a distributed storage QoS guarantee system called Cheetah, which is able to provide a bandwidth guarantee to each virtual disk attached to a virtual machine, while ensuring the loads on the distributed storage nodes be balanced, and the locality of the access stream associated with each virtual disk be preserved as much as possible. | 260 pages
Effects of prior bevacizumab (B) use on outcomes from the VELOUR study: A phase III study of aflibercept (Afl) and FOLFIRI in patients (pts) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) after failure of an oxaliplatin regimen. (2012)

3505 Background: Aflibercept (Afl; also known as VEGF Trap) is a recombinant human fusion protein that acts as a decoy receptor and prevents the interaction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, VEGF-B, and placental growth factor (PlGF) with their receptors. In the phase III VELOUR study, Afl + FOLFIRI improved overall survival (OS) compared with FOLFIRI + placebo (pbo) in mCRC (ECCO 2011, abstract 6LBA). We report outcomes from a pre-specified subgroup analysis by prior B use. Methods: Pts with mCRC and progression during or after oxaliplatin were randomized 1:1 to receive either FOLFIRI + pbo or FOLFIRI + Afl 4 mg/kg IV Q2W with stratification by ECOG performance score (PS, 0 v 1 v 2) and prior B. OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in the prior B-treated pts are reported as median estimate and hazard ratios (HRs); 95.34% CI for OS and 95% CI for PFS. Results: Of the 1226 pts in the overall study, 187 in the pbo and 186 in the Afl group were stratified to prior B. The 2 arms were well balanced: median age 60 yrs; male 58%; PS 0-1 97%; and 55% >1 metastatic organ. Although not powered for survival, Afl produced a consistent trend towards prolonged OS and PFS, regardless of prior B use, with no evidence of interaction (OS, P=0.7231; PFS, P=0.6954). The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events in the Afl arm was similar in pts with prior B (100%) to those without (98.9%), with a similar incidence of grade 3/4 events (82.5% and 83.9%, respectively). Conclusions: Results of this pre-specified subgroup analysis indicate that adding Afl to FOLFIRI resulted in a consistent trend of increased OS and PFS, regardless of prior B use. Prior treatment with B did not appear to impact the safety profile of Afl. [Table: see text]
Plasma Factor VIla: Measurement and Potential Clinical Significance (1996)

Factor VIIa (FVIIa) is the triggering enzyme of the blood clotting cascade in hemostasis and thrombosis and may play an important role in hypercoagulable states. Indeed, certain epidemiologic studies have found elevated FVII coagulant activity to be an independent risk factor for heart disease. However, FVII circulates as the inert zymogen (FVII), the active enzyme (FVIIa), and possibly other forms as well, obscuring the relationship between any specific form of this enzyme and risk of thrombotic disease. New assay techniques based on soluble mutant tissue factor now permit measurement of FVIIa without interference from the large excess of zymogen FVII in plasma. This in turn has enabled direct examination of the role of plasma FVIIa in disease.
Identification of an essential sulfhydryl group in the ouabain binding site of (Na,K)-ATPase. (1986)

Ellman's reagent 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) inhibits sodium- and potassium-stimulated ATPase, p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity, and [3H]ouabain binding to lamb kidney (Na,K)-ATPase. The inactivation of [3H]ouabain binding follows pseudo-first order reaction kinetics at pH values less than or equal to 8.2. The inactivation of [3H]ouabain binding, but not of enzymatic activity, can be blocked by preincubation with ouabagenin, a rapidly reversible aglycone derivative of ouabain. The reduction in [3H]ouabain binding is due to a decrease in the number of binding sites rather than an alteration of the affinity of the enzyme for ouabain. Differential labeling at pH 8.2 with 1.0 mM 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), preincubated with or without 5 microM ouabagenin, followed by tryptic digestion and reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography of the generated soluble peptides reveals a single peptide labeled by the sulfhydryl probe that is protected by ouabagenin. From these results it is concluded that there is a single sulfhydryl group, essential for ouabain binding, presumably located in the ouabain binding site of lamb kidney (Na,K)-ATPase.
A self-contained magnetic bubble-domain memory chip (1971)

The design of a memory consisting of NDRO shift register loops, generators, input and output decoders (all implemented with bubble domain devices) and magnetoresistive detectors will be discussed. The feasibility of the individual components has been demonstrated.
A real-time multiple-choice question generation for language testing (2005)

An automatic generation of multiple-choice questions is one of the promising examples of educational applications of NLP techniques. A machine learning approach seems to be useful for this purpose because some of the processes can be done by classification. Using basic machine learning algorithms as Naive Bayes and K-Nearest Neighbors, we have developed a real-time system which generates questions on English grammar and vocabulary from on-line news articles. This paper describes the current version of our system and discusses some of the issues on constructing this kind of system.
Relationship between cytokines and leukotriene B4 in sepsis. (1994)

To clarify the relationship between cytokines and arachidonic acid metabolites, we measured tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and leukotriene B4 (LTB4). The subjects consisted of 30 patients with sepsis. The results were compared between patients who died (Group A) and those who survived (Group B). All TNF-alpha, IL-8, and LTB4 levels were significantly higher in Group A than in Group B, reflecting the severity of the disease. The LTB4 levels were significantly correlated with the TNF-alpha level and the IL-8 level. These results suggest that inflammatory cytokines, excessively produced due to inflammatory reactions, stimulate as a mediator the release of arachidonic acid, increasing LTB4 production.
The Role of Sharing Economy Towards Firm Performance in Malaysia Shipping Industry (2017)

This paper discusses about the new trending concept of collaborative consumption or commonly known as sharing economy to improve the firm performance in the business-tobusiness environment. This paper also discusses the concept of sharing economy that regulates open available and willingly shared transparent information by either party of a supply chain for the benefit of all force of the supply chain in business model. The paper concluded that most common sharing economy in organizations primarily connects both the owners and seekers of the service in a mutual condition for a mutual benefit while creating a new eco-system of commerce.
Sample Size Tables For Receiver Operating Characteristic Studies (2000)

Many factors must be considered when determining the appropriate sample sizes for multiobserver ROC studies. My tables serve only as initial ballpark estimates. Investigators should compute sample size using parameters that reflect their clinical application.
Elements of chemical and physical geology (1854)

Book digitized by Google from the library of Harvard University and uploaded to the Internet Archive by user tpb.
The impact of 1,2,3-triazoles in the design of functional coatings (2014)

This review article presents an overview of the application of 1,2,3-triazoles in the design of various high performance organic coatings with properties like anti-corrosive, anti-microbial, self-healing, hybrid nanocomposite, bio degradable<italic>etc</italic>.
Step-up DC-DC converter for automotive application (2016)

Electrification of vehicle accessories often requires the application of low voltage high current step up DC-DC converter with a high voltage gain ratio qualified for use in an automotive environment. The proposed topology provides step-up on low voltage side that reduces the transformer turns ratio, leading to a simplified transformer design with reduced cost and increased efficiency which is especially important with low input voltage (10-20VDC) at 2-4kW or more. Fundamental operation of the topology has been and verified by simulation in NL-5. An experimental prototype has been built, which verifies the performance and high efficiency of the circuit topology. High efficiency DC-DC (94%, 3kW and 94.5%, 10kW) prototypes have been built. This topology is a better solution for higher power at low input voltage than parallel input stages. It was compared with other topologies by cost and performance.
LA COMPOSICIÓN TRIÁDICA DEL DAFNIS Y CLOE DE LONGO: CONTENIDOS EXPRESADOS CON TRES ELEMENTOS* (1991)

This paper displays a series of facts which attract our attention in Daphnis and Chloe's composition. We outline three theories that try to explain them. The themy of the pictorial influence on Longa is evident. It is startingfrom this influence, that affects not only the contents with three elements but also the triadic morphosyntactic structures, that we can talk of poetic prose. Without this pictorial influence it would not had been triadic composition.
Effect of aging on radiation response of bipolar transistors (2001)

A thermally activated aging process is investigated by experimental evaluation of the change in radiation response of test PNP and NPN transistors over a wide range of emitter-base bias conditions after preirradiation elevated-temperature stress and infrared illumination. A comparison of radiation response after temperature stress for transistors with rather different ages is investigated. For "young" transistors, zero change (zero aging) in radiation response after elevated temperature stress at some emitter-base bias was observed. A qualitative physical model is offered to explain the experimental results. The model is based on effect of electron trap accumulation during elevated-temperature stress. Short-time infrared illumination provides effects similar to preirradiation long-term temperature stress and annealing of irradiated devices at elevated temperature.
Pressure-induced giant enhancement of magnetocaloric effects in MnNiSi-based systems (2014)

A remarkable decrease of the structural transition temperature of MnNiSi from 1200 K to <300 K by chemically alloying it with MnFeGe results in a coupling of the magnetic and structural transitions, leading to a large magnetocaloric effect near room temperature. It was found that the magnetostructural transition is highly sensitive to external (hydrostatic) pressure: relatively low hydrostatic pressures (~2.4 kbar) lead to an extraordinary enhancement of the isothermal entropy change from $-$Δ$S$ = 44 to 89 J/kg K at ambient (atmospheric) and 2.4 kbar applied pressures, respectively, for a field change of Δ$H$ = 5 T. This giant entropy change is associated with a large relative volume change of about 7% induced by 2.4 kbar applied pressure during the magnetostructural transition. The pressure-enhanced magnetocaloric effects are accompanied by a shift in transition temperature, an effect that may be exploited to tune the transition to the required working temperature, and thereby eliminate the need for a given material to possess a large magnetocaloric effect (i.e., entropy change) over a wide temperature range. Furthermore, this material also possesses negligible hysteresis losses.
Serum Lipid and Lipoprotein Concentrations in Obese Dogs. (1995)

Serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in 10 obese and 16 control dogs were examined. The serum triglyceride (TG) concentration in obese dogs was significantly higher than in control dogs. The serum concentrations of TG and phospholipid (PL) in beta lipoprotein and PL in pre-beta lipoprotein were significantly higher in obese dogs, while the serum PL concentration in alpha 1 lipoprotein was significantly lower in obese animals. In the serum total cholesterol concentration in obese dogs, a higher tendency for beta and pre-beta lipoproteins and lower tendency for alpha 1 lipoprotein were observed. These abnormal lipoprotein profiles were similar to those in diabetes mellitus in men and acute pancreatitis in dogs.
Optical Recording With Amorphous Materials (1981)

Amorphous materials can be used in a variety of configurations for optical recording and storing of information. Focused laser beams yield changes in state between cystalline and amorphous, giving high quality images without ablation or post processing of the film. Tailoring material compositions to a particular application results in films that can be read in reflection or transmission, and store information in a read-only or erasable form. The materials inherently provide permanence of storage, even in the case of erasable films, due to threshold imaging mechanisms. Films can be coated on a variety of substrates, including flexible plastic, sheet plastic, and glass depending on reading and writing system requirements.
The efficacy and safety of B‐cell depletion with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody in adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (2004)

Because of its B-cell depleting effect, rituximab has entered clinical trials in several autoimmune conditions. This study assesses the efficacy and safety of rituximab in 57 adults with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). All patients had platelet counts < 30 x 10(9)/l, all had received two or more previous ITP treatments and 31 had undergone splenectomy. Patients received rituximab 375 mg/m(2) weekly for 4 weeks. Thirty-one patients (54%) responded, achieving a platelet count >50 x 10(9)/l: 18 achieved a complete response (CR: platelet count >150 x 10(9)/l) and 13 a partial response (PR: platelet count 50-150 x 10(9)/l). Twenty-nine responses occurred within 8 weeks of the first infusion. Sixteen of 18 CR patients (28% overall), including eight who had failed splenectomy, continued in CR after a median of 72.5 weeks; 15 of 16 are >1 year from the first infusion. Only two of 13 maintained a PR. Thirty-three patients experienced grade 1-2 adverse events and one a grade 3 event, but they all completed treatment. Circulating B cells fell to < 0.03 x 10(9)/l. No changes in immunoglobulin levels or infectious complications were seen. In summary, rituximab was well tolerated with no immediate complications and induced a lasting, substantial response in 32% of adults with chronic ITP.
Autophosphorylation activates the soluble cytoplasmic domain of the insulin receptor in an intermolecular reaction (1989)

The cytoplasmic protein-tyrosine kinase domain of the insulin receptor (residues 959-1355) has been expressed as a soluble protein in Sf9 insect cells via a Baculovirus expression vector (Ellis, L., Levitan, A., Cobb, M.H., and Ramos, P. (1988) J. Virol. 62, 1634-1639). The purified protein is a monomer as judged by its behavior in sucrose gradients and on gel filtration in the presence or absence of protamine. The initial rate of autophosphorylation using 3 mM MgCl2 is increased 20-30-fold by protamine. A maximum of 4-5 mol of phosphate are incorporated per mol of enzyme. The activity of the enzyme as a function of phosphorylation state was studied for three substrates: a synthetic dodecapeptide derived from the sequence of the major autophosphorylation site in the insulin receptor, poly(Glu, Tyr), 4:1, and histone 2B. Autophosphorylation of the protein to a stoichiometry of 4-5 mol of phosphate/mol increases its enzymatic activity as much as 200-fold; a 30-fold increase in activity occurs upon addition of 1 mol of phosphate/mol. The activities of unphosphorylated enzyme with the three substrates are 3.4, 2.3, and 0.44 nmol/min/mg, respectively. The activities of the autophosphorylated enzyme with the three substrates are 175, 274, and 45 nmol/min/mg, respectively. Exposure of the autophosphorylated enzyme to ADP results in a loss of phosphate from the enzyme which is associated with a decrease in enzymatic activity. Autophosphorylation of the kinase in the presence or absence of protamine displays a marked dependence on enzyme concentration. Furthermore, the rate of autophosphorylation decreases as the viscosity of the solution increases. Taken together, these data suggest that phosphorylation occurs via an intermolecular reaction.
A southern analysis of Rh blood group genes: association between restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and Rh serotypes (1994)

Polymorphisms within the Rh blood group system have been defined by serologic agglutination methods, but have not yet been defined at the DNA level. Two closely related genes associated with the Rh D antigen and with the Rh C/c and E/e antigens have been cloned. We used a Southern analysis incorporating probes to the 5' and 3' regions of the Rh C, E gene and D gene to identify polymorphisms associated with Rh C/c and E/e antigens, respectively. The D gene dosage could be determined by comparing the relative intensities of the D bands with bands from the 5' and 3' region of the Rh C, E gene. The concordance between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) patterns and serologic phenotypes for 102 randomly selected blood donors was 100% for C, e, and D, 94.8% for c, and 94.3% for E. The data are consistent with the sequences encoding the C/c epitopes residing on the 5' side of those for the E/e epitopes. All samples discordant for the 3' probe and E had the cE (r") serotype. These data show that the gene coding for the cE serotype is different in Rh-positive and -negative individuals. The study demonstrates that Rh DNA typing, including D gene dosage measurements and Rh gene haplotyping, may supplement traditional serotyping methods in transfusion medicine.
Dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings for plasmoelectronics (2017)

Abstract Owing to the unique ability of nanostructured metals to confine and enhance light waves along metal‐dielectric interfaces, plasmonics has enabled unprecedented flexibility in manipulating light at the deep‐subwavelength scale. With regard to the spectral behavior of plasmonic resonances, the spectral location of a resonance can be tailored with relative ease while the control over the spectral linewidth represents a more daunting task. In this paper, we present sharp resonance features by introducing dark plasmonic modes in diatomic gratings. The induced asymmetry in the metallic structure facilitates the generation of a dark mode with significantly suppressed radiative loss leading to an ultra‐sharp spectral feature ∼5 nm wide. We further use this metallic structure as an optoelectronic platform for the transduction of light waves to electrical signals via a plasmoelectric effect. The light concentrating ability of dark plasmonic modes, in conjunction with the ultra‐sharp resonance feature at a relatively low loss offers a novel route to enhanced light‐matter interactions with high spectral sensitivity for diverse applications. image
Photonic Energy Harvesting (2017)

Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have a utilization (or capacity) factor of 15-20% worldwide. We propose to enhance the energy yield in a software-defined manner by complementing commodity solar PV systems with cloud-based IoT-controlled reflectors. We also propose designs for brownfield and greenfield settings in solar farms. We study a number of practical engineering issues including effect of solar azimuth, shadowing effects, ground coverage ratio (GCR) tradeoff, constraints on angular control etc. Our designs can raise solar PV energy yield between 50-100% with modest tradeoffs on operational complexity, land requirements (ground coverage ratio) etc. The software-defined IoT control allows a variety of current and future operational or business constraints to be flexibly factored in to tradeoff these factors versus economic gain (eg: levelized cost of energy, LCOE). The paper presents both simulation and experimental evidence for our system. We are actively piloting this technology with solar PV developers and engineering, procurement, construction (EPC) companies in emerging markets.
CMT-NC: Improving the Concurrent Multipath Transfer Performance Using Network Coding in Wireless Networks (2015)

The growing popularity of multihoming mobile terminals has encouraged the use of concurrent multipath transfer (CMT) to provide network diversity and accelerated content distribution in ubiquitous and heterogeneous wireless network environments. However, CMT severely degrades its performance, which is mostly due to both data reordering required as a result of great path dissimilarity and frequent packet loss due to wireless channel unreliability. Most delivery approaches follow the packet sequence numbers and thereby result in strict in-order and packet-specific reception. Passively adapting to the network variations, those approaches are not general enough to address CMT problems. This paper proposes to apply network coding (NC) principles to CMT, to break the strong binding between data packets and their sequence numbers, and then improve its performance. The proposed CMT-NC solution avoids data reordering to mitigate buffer blocking and compensates for the lost packets to reduce the number of retransmissions. Its specific encoding approach reduces the encoding complexity and fully ensures decoding feasibility. Furthermore, the group-based transmission management enhances the robustness and reliability of the data transfer. Simulation results show how CMT-NC is a highly efficient data transport solution outperforming existing state-of-the-art solutions.