gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical foundations for compensations in flow composition languages (2005)

A key aspect when aggregating business processes and web services is to assure transactional properties of process executions. Since transactions in this context may require long periods of time to complete, traditional mechanisms for guaranteeing atomicity are not always appropriate. Generally the concept of long running transactions relies on a weaker notion of atomicity based on compensations. For this reason, programming languages for service composition cannot leave out two key aspects: compensations, i.e. ad hoc activities that can undo the effects of a process that fails to complete, and transactional boundaries to delimit the scope of a transactional flow. This paper presents a hierarchy of transactional calculi with increasing expressiveness. We start from a very small language in which activities can only be composed sequentially. Then, we progressively introduce parallel composition, nesting, programmable compensations and exception handling. A running example illustrates the main features of each calculus in the hierarchy.
Organoiodine(III) mediated one-pot synthesis of N-substituted 2-aminothiazoles (2004)

Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136 119, India<br> <em>E-mail </em>: oprakash50@sify.com<br> <em>Manuscript received 3 September 2003, revised 9 March 2004, accepted 6 April 2004</em> The synthesis of <em>N</em>-substituted 2-aminothiazoles has been achieved in one-pot by the suecessive treatment of acetophenones<br> with [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo)benzene (HTIB), potassium thiocyanate and appropriate aniline.
Generalized causal moving average (GCMA) smoothing filter for real-time applications (2003)

Moving average filters are commonly used in industries for real-time processing of noisy data. Though they perform well in filtering out the noise, they introduce significant lag in the signal. The resulting peak value of the filtered signal at the operating point is likely to be lower due to averaging of higher and lower peak signals in the averaging interval. The generalized moving average smoothing filter by Golay-Savitzky preserves the higher moments and does not suffer from the limitations imposed by the conventional moving average filter. The smoothing strategy is derived from least squares fitting of a lower order polynomial to a number of consecutive points. Due to polynomial curve fitting as opposed to a line fitting in the case of conventional moving average filter, this filter preserves the higher frequency components of the signal and their line width. This paper presents a generalized casual moving average filter deduced using the concepts in Golay-Savitzky smoothing filter for real-time applications. Golay-Savitzky filter is non-casual, relies on the future data that is not available, hence not suitable for real-time applications. Further, the designed casual filter makes use of the filtered data as opposed to the original data in the case of Golay-Savitzky. This approach allows us to conduct frequency response studies to evaluate the quality and the applicability of the filter for various signals in the aircraft engines and other engineering applications. Frequency response studies cannot carried out using the Golay-Savitzky filter. This paper also investigates the performance of various polynomial orders in reproducing the signal from a noisy data. Some of the performance measures used are bandwidth, overshoots, and lags introduced by the filter. The mathematical technique to extract the signal and deduce the coefficients in off-line is also presented.
Effect of extrusion, espansion and toasting on the nutritional value of peas, faba beans and lupins (2005)

An assessment was made of the effect that different treatments (toasting, expansion, extrusion) have on the nutritional value of protein plants (pea, faba bean, lupin). In a randomized block design, feeds were screened for enzymatic digestibility of starch and protein, N solubility and in vitro protein degradability. Expansion and extrusion cause increased starch enzymatic degradability while toasting produced virtually no effects. In peas this value increased from 11.80% in meal to 39.70% in the extruded product; 85.37% is the percentage for the expanded product, while 10.90% is the starch digestibility value for toasted peas. In faba beans the extrusion process increased starch digestibility from 11.39% to 85.05%, while in extruded lupins a complete starch hydrolysis was obtained, while in the meal the polysaccharide digestion was 54.48%.The expansion and extrusion processes significantly decreased rumen degradability during the first 8 hours of incubation. Toasted peas had lower degradability if compared with controls but not with the other treatments. The only potentially alternative source to soybean is the extruded faba bean. In spite of its lower protein content, this feed is characterized by a considerably lower in vitro protein degradability than soybean. This implies that the digestible food protein content is comparable (124.90 g/kg DM) to that of soybean (109.78 g/kg DM) and definitely higher than that of all other protein plants.
Synthesis and Properties of 5-Mercaptomethyluracil and Related Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Properties of 5-Mercaptomethyluracil and Related Derivatives1Alfredo Giner-Sorolla and Lillian MedrekCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1966, 9, 1, 97–101Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00319a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00319a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental shock-wave interference heating on a cylinder at Mach 6and 8 (1989)

This paper presents the details of an experimental study of shock-wave interference heating on a cylindrical leading edge representative of the cowl of a rectangular hypersonic engine inlet. The study, which was conducted at Mach numbers of 6.3, 6.5, and 8.0, has provided 1) detailed pressure and heat-transfer-rate distributions for a two-dimensional shock-wave interference on a cylinder and 2) insight into the effects of temperature-d ependent specific heats on the phenomena. The peak pressure and heat-transfer rates were 2-25 times the undisturbed flow stagnation-point levels. The peak levels and their gradients increased with Mach number. Variation in specific heats and, hence, in the ratio of specific heats with temperature is manifested in slightly lower loads and amplification factors than for corresponding perfect-gas conditions.
Dyspepsia of Unknown Origin: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment (1997)

Dyspepsia is a vague term for the nonspecific symptoms of upper abdominal discomfort, prolonged postprandial fullness or early satiety, nausea, vomiting, and upper abdominal bloating. Many common and accepted diseases and disorders such as gastroesophageal reflux and irritable bowel syndrome cause dyspepsia symptoms; these disorders should be identified and treated. However, many patients with dyspepsia symptoms have normal radiographic and endoscopic evaluations; in these patients, neuromuscular of functional disorders of the stomach ranging from gastric dysrhythmias to gastroparesis may be the cause of dyspepsia symptoms. A practical approach to the evaluation and treatment of dyspepsia symptoms attributed to gastric neuromuscular dysfunction of unknown origin is described.
A Novel Process for Fabricating Conformal and Stable TiN‐Based Barrier Films (1996)

A new process for preparing TiN‐based barrier films is reported. The process consists of thermal decomposition of a metallorganic precursor, tetrakis(dimethylamino)‐titanium, followed by postdeposition annealing in silane ambient. Thin films fabricated using this approach have much higher stability and lower resistivity than those prepared using thermal decomposition alone. The new barrier films are conformal and exhibit good barrier performance for Al metallization.
Growth and energetics of the sponge Halichondria panicea (1995)

The filtration rate (F, m1 min-' measured as clearance of algal cells) and maintenance respiration rate (R,, m1 O2 h-' measured as starvation respiration rate) as a function of Halichondria panicea colony size (dry weight DW, g) were described by: F = 2 8 . 3 5 ~~~. ~' ~ and R, = 0.632DWg2', respectively. At the maximum specific growth rate of 4 % d-l the net growth efficiency was about 30 %. The specific respiration rate (R,) as a function of the specific growth rate (p) was described by the equation: R, = np + a where n is the energy cost per unit of growth and a is R, at zero growth rate. It was found that the energy cost of growth constituted 139% of the biomass increase. This showed that sponges apparently have a higher energy demand for growth than other invertebrates. When sponge colonies were transferred to filtered sea water, a near linear decrease of chlorophyll a (chl a) was seen during the first 24 h A similar decrease was observed in sponges transferred directly from the field to filtered sea water. The reduction constants (I) in the 2 cases were 3.3 and 2.8% h-', respectively. The estimated filtration rates, using the equation F,,, = (r X S)/chl a, where S is the steady-state chl a content, were almost identical to filtration rates measured as clearance. It is stressed that sponges have a low water pumping capacity compared with other filter-feeding invertebrates, but compensate for this by a high retention efficiency for small particles z0.1 pm.
Gene-expression profiling in pancreatic cancer (2010)

Pancreatic cancer has one of the worst prognoses, owing principally to a late diagnosis and the absence of good treatments. In the last 5 years, up to 12 molecular pathways involved in pancreatic cancer have been described. Global gene-expression profiling and the use of microarray databases have allowed the identification of hundreds of genes that are differentially expressed in pancreatic cancer. However, validation of these genes as biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis or treatment efficacy is still incomplete. Additionally, microRNAs have emerged as a potential source of variation between cancer and normal samples, and several of them have been identified as being deregulated in pancreatic tumors. An integrative point of view in the study of pancreatic cancer that makes use of all the whole-genome technologies has revealed several molecular mechanisms that affect pancreatic cancer development. These results should encourage the use of more personalized medicine in this pathology. Recent developments and future perspectives are discussed.
Motor nerve sprouting in human orbicularis muscle after botulinum A injection. (1990)

The paralytic properties of botulinum A toxin have led to its use in humans in the treatment of strabismus and facial dystonias such as essential blepharospasm. Examination of orbicularis muscle from 10 patients with essential blepharospasm who received 2-18 injections of botulinum toxin 6 weeks to 3 years prior to surgery revealed characteristic nodal, terminal and ultraterminal "sprouting" of the motor axons. Orbicularis muscle from five individuals never exposed to botulinum failed to demonstrate these changes. The significance of persistent motor nerve sprouting in response to botulinum exposure remains to be elucidated.
Coinhibition of immune and renin-angiotensin systems reduces the pace of glomerulosclerosis in the rat remnant kidney. (1999)

The development of progressive glomerulosclerosis (GS) has been attributed to a number of humoral and hemodynamic factors, however, neither the exact pathomechanism nor the prevention and treatment have been clearly established. Renin-angiotensin system (RAS), interleukin-2 (IL-2)-activated T cells, systemic BP, and serum lipid levels all have been recognized as pathogenetic factors. According to our working hypothesis, a combination therapy with the inhibition of RAS and IL-2 system may be more potent in the prevention of the progression of GS than a monotherapy. After 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy, rats were treated with either the angiotensin-converting enzyme-blocker enalapril (E), the angiotensin II AT1 receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil (CA), the IL-2 synthesis inhibitor tacrolimus (T), or a combination of these agents. Proteinuria, as a functional hallmark of GS, was determined regularly, and at week 16, systolic BP, plasma total cholesterol, and triglyceride (TG) levels were measured and kidneys were harvested for morphologic and immunohistochemical analysis. Combination therapy was more effective (proteinuria: CA + T: 29.3+/-12.8 mg/24 h, E + T: 31.3+/-13.0 mg/24 h; GS: CA + T: 10.7+/-4.1%, E + T: 8.3+/-4.6%, P < 0.01) than monotherapy (proteinuria: T: 49.3+/-17.3 mg/24 h, CA: 53.2+/-18.1 mg/24 h, E: 51.1+/-26.6 mg/24 h; GS: T: 10.9+/-4.4%, CA: 23.8+/-4%, E: 14.2+/-5.3%, P < 0.05, with control values of proteinuria: 77.6+/-27.1 mg/24 h and GS: 28+/-2.9%). The number of infiltrating ED-1 (rat macrophage marker) macrophages (T: 161.5+/-51.2 cells/field of view, CA: 203.6+/-102.3, E: 178.6+/-35.3, CA + T: 140.2+/-63.2, E + T:128.2+/-75.6), and CD-5+ (rat T cell marker) T lymphocytes (CA + T: 261.5+/-103.6, E + T: 236+/-94.8) was significantly reduced by the treatment protocols (controls: ED-1: 356+/-100, CD-5: 482.9+/-154.5). These results indicate that an inhibition of RAS either with angiotensin-converting enzyme or AT1 receptor blockade, together with the inhibition of IL-2 synthesis, is more effective in the prevention of GS than a single treatment alone.
Reduction of nitrogen dioxide from etching vent gases by scrubbing with caustic sodium sulfide solution (2013)

Abstract BACKGROUND Acids and nitrogen dioxide ( NO 2 ) in gases that are vented from Al‐etching operations for the production of thin‐film transistor‐liquid crystal displays ( TFT‐LCD ) are harmful to the environment. Scrubbing the gases using traditional caustic liquids with high salinities is ineffective in removing NO 2 . This work develops practices for improving the removal of NO 2 by adding reducing agents to the scrubbing liquids. RESULTS Field results reveal that Na 2 SO 3 is a less effective agent for reducing NO 2 than is Na 2 S , because it has a stronger reduction ability. In this work, when the scrubber parameters were a packing height of 1.0–2.0 m, a liquid‐to‐gas ratio L / G of 0.48–2.64 L m −3 and a superficial gas velocity U of 0.66–2.08 m s −1 , and for influent NO 2 concentrations of several tenths of ppm, the NO 2 removal depended more on the sulfide dose than on the mass‐transfer rate of NO 2 to the liquid. CONCLUSIONS A sodium sulfide dose of 1.53±0.22 kg/(kg NO 2 removed) over influent NO 2 at a concentration 30–50 ppm was obtained. This value was much higher than the stoichiometric value for the reduction of NO 2 to nitrite. Sulfide addition using an ORP ‐controlled mode with an ORP of −400 ± 10 mV and a pH of 12.5 ± 0.1 in the scrubbing liquid is suggested for reducing chemical costs and obtaining the desired NO 2 concentration of exhaust gas. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Terabit superchannels for high spectral efficiency transmission (2010)

Multi-carrier superchannels based on coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) supporting 400-Gb/s and 1-Tb/s data rates at high spectral efficiencies are reviewed. The generation and detection of such superchannels and their transmission and routing performances are elaborated.
Cytokines, chemokines and growth factors in wound healing (2011)

In wound healing, a variety of mediators have been identified throughout the years. The mediators discussed here comprise growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. These mediators act via multiple (specific) receptors to facilitate wound closure. As research in the last years has led to many new findings, there is a need to give an overview on what is known, and on what might possibly play a role as a molecular target for future wound therapy. This review aims to keep the reader up to date with selected important and novel findings regarding growth factors, cytokines and chemokines in wound healing.
DATA FUSION, THE CORE TECHNOLOGY FOR FUTURE ON-BOARD DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM (2002)

Currently, more and more earth observation data have been acquired by many kinds of sensors on different platform, such as optic sensors, microwave sensors, infrared sensors, hyperspectral sensors, etc. Thanks to giant resource being required to store and transmit these tremendous data so that the cost is very large and the efficiency is low, investigators are compelled to process them on-board as possible as they can. So far, on-board data processing only settles on some simple preprocessing, such as correction, denoising, compensation, etc. Information extraction not only is the objective of earth observation, but can distill large amount data so that amount of data needing to be stored and transmitted is reduced greatly. Feature extraction, change detection, and object recognition executed on-board will provide us an efficient information extraction system for earth observation. Data fusion technique has been widely used to process earth observation data on the ground, which can generate data with higher quality and extract better information from multisource or multitemporal data. Furthermore, data fusion can also be used to extract better information from these data on-board, simultaneously, the redundant data will be eliminated greatly so as to accelerate data processing and reduce data for storage and transmission. However, on-board data fusion processing will confront more difficulty, one of the most principal troubles is that on-board data processing system must be completely autonomous, which results in some procedures such as image registration, feature extraction, change detection, object recognition becoming more complicated, while they can be processed by help of manual operates despite being difficult on the ground. Of course, the tremendous advantage of data fusion for on-board data processing will promote investigators to remove the obstacles on the road to on-board data fusion-based information extraction.
Adaptive optics applied to coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2008)

We report on the use of adaptive optics in coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (CARS) to improve the image brightness and quality at increased optical penetration depths in biological material. The principle of the technique is to shape the incoming wavefront in such a way that it counteracts the aberrations introduced by imperfect optics and the varying refractive index of the sample. In recent years adaptive optics have been implemented in multiphoton and confocal microscopy. CARS microscopy is proving to be a powerful tool for non-invasive and label-free biomedical imaging with vibrational contrast. As the contrast mechanism is based on a 3<sup>rd</sup> order non-linear optical process, it is highly susceptible to aberrations, thus CARS signals are commonly lost beyond the depth of ~100 μm in tissue. We demonstrate the combination of adaptive optics and CARS microscopy for deep-tissue imaging using a deformable membrane mirror. A random search optimization algorithm using the CARS intensity as the figure of merit determined the correct mirror-shape in order to correct for the aberrations. We highlight two different methods of implementation, using a look up table technique and by performing the optimizing <i>in situ</i>. We demonstrate a significant increase in brightness and image quality in an agarose/polystyrene-bead sample and white chicken muscle, pushing the penetration depth beyond 200 μm.
Basic properties of the electrolyte&#8212;SiO<sub>2</sub>&#8212;Si system: Physical and theoretical aspects (1979)

In order to provide an improved understanding of ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFET's) an analysis of the quasi-equilibrium characteristics of an electrolyte-oxide-semiconductor (EOS) system has been carried out. The characteristics of this system are examined by initially considering two limiting cases. In the first case, an ideal unblocked interface between the electrolyte and the oxide is assumed. Electrochemical processes of ion exchange dominates and consequently, a Nernstian response is experienced. The second limiting case assumes a totally blocked interface such that the behavior of the EOS system is dictated by electrostatic factors. The analysis is then generalized to examine the case of an electrolyte-pyrogenic SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> -Si system using a site binding model to describe the ionic adsorption processes at the electrolyte-pyrogenic SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface. The C-V characteristics and changes in flat-band voltage of the EOS system in response to pH are examined. Analytical results show that in general, the response does not obey the classical Nernst equation. Correlation of theoretical and experimental results yields excellent agreement suggesting that the models used in this study can provide an adequate description of the physical processes.
Further Studies of the Crystallization of a Lithium Silicate Glass (1962)

Rates of crystallization of Li 2 O · 2SiO 2 , from an Li 2 O · 4SiO 2 glass as a function of platinum concentration at 600° and 650° C were determined. At both temperatures a maximum rate was obtained in the region of 0.005% Pt. Calculations of the activation energies for the crystallization process showed that 0.005%, Pt lowered it to less than half its original value of 120 kcal per mole. Electron microscopy of this glass quenched from 1450OC revealed a granular structure 250 A in size which was believed to be due to lithium‐rich clusters in the glass, svpporting the concepts of other investigators. In glasses containing 0.025%, an additional phase identified as silica O was found. Explanations for the effectiveness of platinum as a nucleating agent in this glass are offered.
A Nucleation Site and Mechanism Leading to Epitaxial Growth of Diamond Films (2000)

A diamond nucleation site responsible for epitaxial growth of diamond on silicon by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is identified in high-resolution transmission electron microscopic images. Other sites in the same sample leading to polycrystalline growth, but deleterious to epitaxial CVD growth, are also described. A mechanism for the heteroepitaxial growth of diamond is suggested, in which etching of the nondiamond carbon binder exposes and removes nonadherent nanodiamond nuclei, leaving intact only those directly nucleated on the silicon substrate. This work enhances our understanding of diamond nucleation and heteroepitaxial growth and its potential applications.