gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cilostazol improves endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor-type relaxation in mesenteric arteries from diabetic rats (2005)

We previously reported that in mesenteric arteries from streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats that 1) endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF)-type relaxation is impaired, possibly due to a reduced action of cAMP via increased phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) activity (Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T, and Kamata K. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285: H283-H291, 2003) and that 2) PKA activity is decreased (Matsumoto T, Wakabayashi K, Kobayashi T, and Kamata K. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 287: H1064-H1071, 2004). Here we investigated whether chronic treatment with cilostazol, a PDE3 inhibitor, improves EDHF-type relaxation in mesenteric arteries isolated from STZ rats. We found that in such arteries 1) cilostazol treatment (2 wk) improved ACh-, A-23187-, and cyclopiazonic acid-induced EDHF-type relaxations; 2) the ACh-induced cAMP accumulation was transient and sustained in arteries from cilostazol-treated STZ rats; 3) the EDHF-type relaxation was significantly decreased by a PKA inhibitor in the cilostazol-treated group, but not in the cilostazol-untreated group; 4) cilostazol treatment improved both the relaxations induced by cAMP analogs and the PKA activity level; and 5) PKA catalytic subunit (Cat-alpha) protein was significantly decreased, but the regulatory subunit RII-beta was increased (and the latter effect was significantly decreased by cilostazol treatment). These results strongly suggest that cilostazol improves EDHF-type relaxations in STZ rats via an increase in cAMP and PKA signaling.
A study of the enzymic degradation of CMC and other cellulose ethers (1968)

Abstract Accelerated enzymic degradation of a series of six sodium carboxymethylcelluloses (CMC) varying in degree of substitution (DS) from 0.41 to 2.45 demonstrated that stability improves with increasing substitution, the DS 2.45 sample being essentially refactory to enzyme attack. The concentration of completely unsubstituted anhydroglucose (AHG) units in these samples, determined by acid hydrolysis followed by a glucose assay, is less at all substitution levels than would be expected from the relative etherification rates of the C 2 , C 3 , and C 6 hydroxyls reported in the literature. Assuming random distribution of the unsubstituted AHG units, the frequency of single (IU) and multiple adjacent ( x U) sequences can be predicted. Consideration of the extent of enzymic degradation, expressed in terms of the decrease in average molecular chain length deduced from [η] measurements, indicated that in CMC chain scission occurs only at x U sites. A limited comparison of the performance of methyl‐, hydroxyethyl‐, and hydroxypropylcelluloses under identical conditions revealed that, by contrast, in these ethers enzyme‐induced chain scission is possible not only at x U but also adjacent to 1U. The hydroxyalkyl and methyl groups appear to offer approximately equivalent protection against enzyme attack.
Optical Quenching of Photocurrent in KTaO<sub>3</sub> Doped with Fe (1984)

Optical quenching of the photocurrent in KTaO 3 doped with iron has been investigated. Three peaks in the quenching spectra occur at about 440 nm, 520 nm and 600 nm. The optical quenching bands are ascribed to hole excitation from Fe 4+ and Fe 5+ in Ta sites to the valence band. The optical quenching decreases with increasing temperature and is not observed above 180 K. The results are explained by a two-center model.
A comparison of adaptive belief propagation and the best graph algorithm for the decoding of linear block codes (2005)

In this paper, two iterative message passing algorithms based on belief propagation proposed for the decoding of any binary linear block code are compared. The innovation of these algorithms lies in the fact that the structure of the graph of the parity check matrix is adaptively modified to render it suitable to belief propagation decoding. The modification is done such that the least reliable bits received from the channel are leaves of the graph. These algorithms perform favorably when compared with existing hard and iterative soft decision decoding algorithms in terms of error rate while maintaining a complexity polynomial in block length. It was found that while these two algorithms are conceptually similar, their performance in terms of word error rate (as a function of signal-to-noise ratio), decoding time (average number of iterations) and the updated bit reliabilities are very different
Canny edge detection enhancement by scale multiplication (2005)

The technique of scale multiplication is analyzed in the framework of Canny edge detection. A scale multiplication function is defined as the product of the responses of the detection filter at two scales. Edge maps are constructed as the local maxima by thresholding the scale multiplication results. The detection and localization criteria of the scale multiplication are derived. At a small loss in the detection criterion, the localization criterion can be much improved by scale multiplication. The product of the two criteria for scale multiplication is greater than that for a single scale, which leads to better edge detection performance. Experimental results are presented.
Synthesis of TiN-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Composite Powder by Floating-Type Fluidized-Bed CVD (1989)

A TiN-Al2O3 composite powder was synthesized by the floating-type fluidized-bed CVD. Al2O3 particles were floated in an N2/NH3 gas mixture, and TiCl4 was fed to deposit TiN. The composite powders obtained and the ceramics were examined by an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA). The TiN content in the composite powder was controlled by the flow rate of carrier gas of TiCl4. It was deduced that the composite powder was formed by deposition of fine TiN particles onto Al2O3 particle surfaces, aggregating to about 3μm. Ceramic from the composite powder containing 12.5wt% TiN was conductive. Its microstructure suggested that TiN was uniformly dispersed as compared with mechanical mixing.
Efficient concomitant and remanence field artifact reduction in ultra‐low‐field MRI using a frequency‐space formulation (2013)

We present this method together with numerical simulations and experimental data to demonstrate how concomitant and remanence field artifacts in ultra-low-field MRI can be corrected efficiently.
On impact and evaluation in computational creativity: a discussion of the Turing Test and an alternative proposal (2011)

Abstract. Computational Creativity is the AI subfield in which we study how to build computational models of creative thought in science and the arts. From an engineering perspective, it is desirable to have concrete measures for assessing the progress made from one version of a program to another, or for comparing and contrasting different software systems for the same creative task. We describe the Turing Test and versions of it which have been used in order to measure progress in Computational Creativity. We show that the versions proposed thus far lack the important aspect of interaction, without which much of the power of the Turing Test is lost. We argue that the Turing Test is largely inappropriate for the purposes of evaluation in Computational Creativity, since it attempts to homogenise creativity into a single (human) style, does not take into account the importance of background and contextual information for a creative act, encourages superficial, uninteresting advances in front-ends, and
Method agreement analysis: A review of correct methodology (2010)

The correct approach to analyzing method agreement is discussed. Whether we are considering agreement between two measurements on the same samples (repeatability) or two individuals using identical methodology on identical samples (reproducibility) or comparing two methods, appropriate procedures are described, and worked examples are shown. The correct approaches for both categorical and numerical variables are explained. More complex analyses involving a comparison of more than two pairs of data are mentioned and guidance for these analyses given. Simple formulae for calculating the approximate sample size needed for agreement analysis are also given. Examples of good practice from the reproduction literature are cited, and common errors of methodology are indicated.
RAPID COMMUNICATION (1997)

Although nitric oxide (NO) is an important biological mediator, its excessive production in inflammation is thought to be a causative factor for cellular injury and, over the long term, cancer. In the present study, the effects of several fatty acids on NO production in murine macrophage cell line RAW264 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide were examined. Suppression of NO production was observed with the omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid and alpha-linolenic acid, in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, no inhibition was observed with omega 6 PUFA (linoleic acid), omega 9 PUFA (oleic acid) or a saturated fatty acid (stearic acid). Western and northern blot analyses suggested that suppression of the induction of inducible NO synthase gene expression is responsible for the inhibition of NO production by omega 3 PUFAs. The inhibitory effect of omega 3 PUFA on NO production in activated macrophages could contribute to their cancer chemopreventive influence.
A LuxP-FRET-Based Reporter for the Detection and Quantification of AI-2 Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Signal Compounds (2007)

Various bacterial species produce and monitor low-molecular weight signaling molecules that regulate specific sets of genes in a population density-dependent manner. This process is known as quorum sensing (QS). To date, the detection of QS signaling molecules from Gram-negative bacteria has relied primarily on bacterial reporter strains. These bioassays are subject to substantial interference by compounds that affect the growth and metabolism of the reporter strains. In addition, the sensitivity of reporter strains to QS signaling molecules is population density-dependent. Here, we describe the development of an in vitro assay system for the rapid detection and quantification of the furanosyl borate diester (BAI-2) subclass of autoinducer 2 (AI-2), QS molecules. The sensor is based on ligand binding-induced changes in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a cyan and yellow variant of GFP fused to the termini of the BAI-2 receptor, LuxP. Unexpectedly, the addition of synthetic BAI-2 to the purified biosensor induces a decrease in the level of FRET between the terminal fluorophores. Several lines of evidence, including mutation of the ligand binding sites, indicate that the observed FRET changes are BAI-2-dependent. The FRET-based BAI-2 biosensor responded to the addition of culture filtrates from wild-type Vibrio harveyi but exhibited no response to culture filtrates from V. harveyi mutants defective in BAI-2 synthesis. The sensitivity of the biosensor to BAI-2 (apparent Kd = 270 nM) was similar to that of BAI-2 bioassay systems. The limitations of microbial bioassay systems and the advantages and potential applications for the FRET-based BAI-2 biosensor are discussed.
A polymer-based systemic hemostatic agent (2020)

Uncontrolled noncompressible hemorrhage is a major cause of mortality following traumatic injuries in civilian and military populations. An injectable hemostat for point-of-care treatment of noncompressible hemorrhage represents an urgent medical need. Here, we describe an injectable hemostatic agent via polymer peptide interfusion (HAPPI), a hyaluronic acid conjugate with a collagen-binding peptide and a von Willebrand factor-binding peptide. HAPPI exhibited selective binding to activated platelets and promoted their accumulation at the wound site in vitro. In vivo studies in mouse tail vein laceration model demonstrated a reduction of >97% in both bleeding time and blood loss. A 284% improvement in the survival time was observed in the rat inferior vena cava traumatic model. Lyophilized HAPPI could be stably stored at room temperature for several months and reconstituted during therapeutic intervention. HAPPI provides a potentially clinically translatable intravenous hemostat.
3D face recognition based on high-resolution 3D face modeling from frontal and profile views (2003)

This paper presents a novel face recognition system which considers information from both frontal and profile view images and videos. In the system, we recover facial texture details by increasing the input image resolution, construct an accurate 3D face model from two views of a face, and explore both 3D shape and texture informations for an optimal match and identification based on a 3D face model database. Unlike many existing 3D face recognition systems where the 3D model is taken as a bridge for synthesizing textures of various poses from the viewing sphere, we explicitly use 3D geometric information to index the reference database in order to increase the matching accuracy. This work is the first step toward the development of a face recognition solution by exploring 3D context explicitly. The system consists of three major modules, including (1) 3D face model database creation based on two views' face images input; (2) query face model synthesis from two views' face video input; (3) matching between the database model and the query model using a hybrid method (i.e., shape and texture). The high resolution face model reconstruction is critical for success of the system. Five key components are developed: (1) Facial silhouette extraction; (2) facial texture detail reconstruction based on a novel algorithm: Hyper-resolution image enhancement; (3) feature detection from two views of a face; (4) face model instantiation by adapting the model to the resolution-increased input image; (5) 3D facial geometric information reconstruction using two views' models. The system has been tested using 60 subjects and has shown the correct match rate at 91.2%.
Preparations and Crystal-Structures of the 2-Oxides of Some Octahydro-3,2,1-Benzoxathiazines and Octahydro-2h-3,1,2-Benzoxazaphosphorines (1986)

The cis -and trans-fused 1-benzyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-3,2,1- benzoxathiazine 2- oxides and cis - and trans-fused 1-benzyl-2-phenyl-1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-2H-3,1,2-benzoxazaphosphorine 2-oxides have been prepared from the cis- and trans-2-benzylaminocyclohexanemethanols and their structures have been determined by n.m.r .and crystallographic methods.
Total Hip Arthroplasty (1999)

Total hip arthroplasty is the current treatment of choice for many hip diseases. With the increasing availability and success of total hip arthroplasty and the concomi­ tant treatment of TB infection, and better management of childhood hip problems, the number of surgical arthrodeses of the hip has declined. A limited number of hip fusions are still performed today for posttrau­ matic arthritis, unilateral osteoarthritis in the young, or as end-stage treatment for an infected hip. Unilateral hip arthrodesis can provide a stable, painless limb for am­ bulation and function. This was a common surgical treatment prior to the advent of hip arthroplasty. Patients with many years of excellent results from hip arthrodesis may develop related symptoms in other musculoskeletal areas. Callahan et aLl found 60% of hip fusions developed low back pain at an average of 25 years postarthrodesis. A similar percentage developed ipsilateral knee pain an average of 23 years postfusion. Ipsilateral knee instability was also found in 80% of the fused hip patients. Pain in the contralateral hip was found in 25% of people, developing an average of 20 years after hip fusion. Position of the fused hip plays an important role in the long-term outcome. Patients may develop sponta­ neous hip ankylosis after a hip infection or following traumatic injury. Abnormal positions of fusion can lead to severe functional disability. Most orthopedists agree that the ideal position of fusion for the hip is 30° to 40° flexion, 0° to 5° of external rotation, and 0° to 5° of ad­ duction. Callahan et aLl found a hip fused in abduction tended to have a greater risk for degenerative changes in the lower back and ipsilateral knee. Gore et aU eval­ uated the walking patterns of men with unilateral hip fusions. They found that absent hip motion is compen­ sated for by increased transverse and sagittal rotation of the pelvis, increased motion of the contralateral hip, and increased flexion of the knee throughout the stance phase on the fused side. These findings correlate with the clinical degenerative changes seen in the long-term studies by Callahan et aLl and Sponseller et al.,3 where the most commonly reported related pain was in the lower back, ipsilateral knee, and contralateral hip.
Physiological function of hydrogen metabolism during growth of sulfidogenic bacteria on organic substrates (1984)

Desulfovibrio vulgaris Madison and Thermodesulfobacterium commune contained functionally distinct hydrogenase activities, one which exchanged 3H2 into 3H2O and was inhibited by carbon monoxide and a second activity which produced H2 in the presence of CO. Cell suspensions of D. vulgaris used either lactate, pyruvate, or CO as the electron donor for H2 production in the absence of sulfate. Both sulfidogenic species produced and consumed hydrogen as a trace gas during growth on lactate or pyruvate as electron donors and on thiosulfate or sulfate as electron acceptors. Higher initial levels of hydrogen were detected during growth on lactate-sulfate than on pyruvate-sulfate. D. vulgaris but not T. commune also produced and then consumed CO during growth on organic electron donors and sulfate or thiosulfate. High partial pressures of exogenous H2 inhibited growth and substrate consumption when D. vulgaris was cultured on pyruvate alone but not when it was metabolizing pyruvate plus sulfate or lactate plus sulfate. The data are discussed in relation to supporting two different models for the physiological function of H2 metabolism during growth of sulfidogenic bacteria on organic electron donors plus sulfate. A trace H2 transformation model is proposed for control of redox processes during growth on either pyruvate or lactate plus sulfate, and an obligate H2 cycling model is proposed for chemiosmotic energy coupling during growth on CO plus sulfate.
Planning and Scheduling for Epitaxial Wafer Production Facilities (1988)

In this paper we describe production planning and scheduling models for a semiconductor company manufacturing specialty wafers. The production of specialty wafers involves processing a large number of low volume, customer-specific orders which can be classified into a number of product groups. Typically, the literature on scheduling deals with one product and a single objective. In contrast, we propose and test several heuristics for scheduling jobs in a multiproduct parallel reactor (machine) shop with different criteria. We introduce a set of indices to measure the degree of homogeneity in the product set. Based on the results of the computational experiments, we recommend that the choice of the heuristic should be guided by the homogeneity of the product set and the chosen objective criterion. The planning problem relates to the assignment of reactors to the product groups to obtain homogeneous product sets, and can be viewed as an effort to define smaller, independent shops. The significance of the planning exercise is due to the fact that a homogeneous product set enables the use of a simpler heuristic and reduces the complexity of the scheduling system. We examine two variants of the planning model and briefly comment on their application to the design and layout of the facility. Since one of the variants of the problem is difficult to solve, we present a method to obtain an approximate solution. We provide bounds on the performance of this approximate solution and demonstrate that it is asymptotically optimal.
Detection of HIV-1 subtypes, recombinants, and dual infections in east Africa by a multi-region hybridization assay (2002)

Accurate and efficient genotyping of HIV-1 strains in vaccine trial populations in East Africa, ascertainment of dual infections, and elucidation of the genesis of recombinant forms in individuals can be facilitated by the application of MHA.
Non-invasive monitoring of tissue oxygenation during laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (2008)

Here, using the 3-CCD camera, we qualitatively monitor tissue oxygenation. This means of assessing intraoperative tissue oxygenation may be a useful method to avoid unintended ischemic injury during laparoscopic surgery. Preliminary results indicate that no significant changes in renal oxygenation occur as a result of pneumoperitoneum.
Unequal error protection coded Interleave Division Multiple Access (2012)

The performance of Interleave Division Multiple Access (IDMA) with a new set of low rate convolution codes is evaluated on Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. Despite the excessive multiuser interference, very good performance close to theoretical limit is demonstrated. The effect of varying number of users, code rate and channel characteristics on the performance is investigated. The proposed scheme offers significant complexity reduction when compared to the ones available in literature. In this work, we propose an unequal error protection code for IDMA (UEP-CIDMA) and compare its performance with the coded and uncoded IDMA system under various data bit streams. It was shown by simulations that the proposed code provides a tradeoff between cost and complexity compared with coded IDMA being the upper and lower bounds respectively, in addition to simulation for various data bit stream of convolutional encoder with different rates are 1/2 and 2/3.
Transferrin-mediated iron acquisition by pathogenic <i>Neisseria</i> (2002)

The pathogenic Neisseria have a siderophore-independent iron-uptake system reliant on a direct interaction between the bacterial cell and transferrin. In the meningococcus this uptake system is dependent on two surface-exposed transferrin-binding proteins. This short account will review our current knowledge of the transferrin-mediated iron-acquisition system of pathogenic Neisseria.
Self-sustained flow oscillation in a ducted combustor with multiple inlets (1995)

The impingement flowfield in a ducted combustor with one axial inlet and dual side inlets was characterized qualitatively by smoke flow visualization as well as quantitatively by laser Doppler velocimetry and microphone measured velocity and wall pressure spectral characteristics, respectively. The baseline momentum ratio MR of the axial inlet to side inlets was chosen to be 0.27. In this case, a resonant feedback frequency of 365 Hz, which prevailed in the entire combustor, and the second and the third harmonics, which appeared near the impingement region, were observed. The effect of MR on the flow oscillations was further studied, and the results showed that a constant Strouhal number, based on the axial inlet velocity and width, of 0.013 was found for MR < 0.94, and Reynolds number of 103-104 and the frequency of the oscillations varied linearly with the MR. From the investigation of the measured spectra, the feedback mechanism with appropriately proposed feedback distance and convective velocity, and of the chamber resonance curve, the onset of the oscillations was interpreted to be triggered by the coupling between the disturbance feedback frequency and the acoustic frequency of the chamber.
Design of Multi-Channel Data Acquisition System Based on PXI 6281 (2010)

The paper designed a multi-channel data acquisition system based on PXI 6281. It used DAQmx technology in LabVIEW for synchronous analog channel data acquisition. It realized multi-channel real-time data acquisition, processing, display and data auto-saving. Data acquisition system consists of three major modules: the pressure measurement module, the motor speed measurement modules and real-time temperature measurement module. It has advantage of short cycle of technological upgrading, development and low maintenance costs. It has some reference value for other data acquisitions.