gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5‐fluorouracil causes endothelial cell senescence: potential protective role of glucagon‐like peptide 1 (2017)

This article is part of a themed section on New Insights into Cardiotoxicity Caused by Chemotherapeutic Agents. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v174.21/issuetoc.
Enhanced negative feedback responses in remitted depression (2008)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by hypersensitivity to negative feedback that might involve frontocingulate dysfunction. MDD patients exhibit enhanced electrophysiological responses to negative internal (errors) and external (feedback) cues. Whether this dysfunction extends to remitted depressed (RD) individuals with a history of MDD is currently unknown. To address this issue, we examined the feedback-related negativity in RD and control participants using a probabilistic punishment learning task. Despite equivalent behavioral performance, RD participants showed larger feedback-related negativities to negative feedback relative to controls; group differences remained after accounting for residual anxiety and depressive symptoms. The present findings suggest that abnormal responses to negative feedback extend to samples at increased risk for depressive episodes in the absence of current symptoms.
Analyzing low‐frequency seismic noise employing seismic interferometry (SI) and time‐reversal modeling (TRM) — A controlled‐data feasibility study (2009)

An apparent amplitude anomaly within the frequency band 2–4 Hz has in some cases been identified in passive seismic recordings collected across hydrocarbon reservoirs. This low‐frequency feature is claimed by some authors to have the potential of being a universal Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator (DHI) (e.g., Graf et al., 2007; Walker, 2008). The key challenge, however, is to identify the underlying physical mechanisms of these observed low‐frequency spectral anomalies (Landrø and Amundsen, 2008). A valid and efficient way to localize the potential source of such low‐frequency tremors will certainly contribute to the overall understanding of this uncovered mystery. In this study, an integrated procedure of analyzing low‐frequency noise is proposed which includes four basic steps: data conditioning and selection, seismic interferometry (SI), time‐reversal modeling (TRM) and movie analysis to localize the potential low‐frequency sources. A series of numerical studies have been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Semantic Interoperability on the Web (2000)

Semantic Interoperability on the WebXML will have a profound impact on the way data is exchanged on the Internet.An important feature of this language is the separation of content from presentation, which makes it easier to select and/or reformat the data.However, due to the likelihood of numerous industry and domain specific DTDs, those who wish to integrate information will still be faced with the problem of semantic interoperability.In this paper we discuss why this problem is not solved by XML, and then discuss why the Resource Description Framework is only a partial solution.We then present the SHOE language, which we feel has many of the features necessary to enable a semantic web, and describe an existing set of tools that make it easy to use the language.
Don't slow me down: Bringing energy efficiency to continuous gesture recognition (2010)

Gesture is a compelling user interaction modality for enabling truly on-the-go interactions. Unlike keyboard and touch screen interactions which require considerable visual attention and impose stringent constrains on the form factor of mobile devices, people can easily use hand gestures to perform simple actions (e.g. retrieve voice mail) without having to slow down. In this paper we present an efficient gesture recognition pipeline optimized for "continuous" recognition while minimizing processing overhead and enhancing usability by not requiring the user to delimit explicitly the start and end of gestures. The pipeline is constructed to allow for early filtering of unwanted sensor data with minimal processing cost, and limiting the invocation of processing intensive stages (i.e. HMM) to a limited subset of data (<; 5% of sensor data). We also present our evaluation results from a 10 user experiment using 17 gestures and demonstrate that we can achieve considerable processing and power saving without impacting overall recognition accuracy.
Hsp90: A Novel Target for the Disruption of Multiple Signaling Cascades (2007)

The 90 kDa heat shock proteins (Hsp90) are proving to be an excellent target for the development of novel anti-cancer agents designed to selectively block the growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Since Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone and is responsible for folding numerous oncogenic proteins, its inhibition represents a novel approach toward the simultaneous disruption of multiple signaling cascades. This review summarizes recent literature implicating Hsp90 as a key facilitator for the maturation of proteins represented in all six hallmarks of cancer: 1) growth signal self-sufficiency, 2) anti-growth signal insensitivity, 3) evasion of apoptosis, 4) unlimited replicative potential, 5) metastasis and tissue invasion, and 6) sustained angiogenesis. Also described are recent advances towards the development of novel Hsp90 inhibitors via structure-based drug design that have contributed to the number of compounds undergoing clinical development.
Diagnostic Significance of High Mobility Group I(Y) Protein Expression in Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Tumors of the Pancreas (2002)

On the basis of these findings, we propose that HMGI(Y) proteins could play an important role(s) in a multistage process of carcinogenesis of IPMT and that the HMGI(Y) protein level could serve as a potential diagnostic marker, which may enable the identification of tumor cells with potential to be biologically malignant.
Identification and functional analysis of the genes encoding Δ⁶-desaturase from Ribes nigrum (2010)

Gamma-linolenic acid (γ-linolenic acid, GLA; C18:3 Δ⁶, ⁹, ¹²) belongs to the omega-6 family and exists primarily in several plant oils, such as evening primrose oil, blackcurrant oil, and borage oil. Δ⁶-desaturase is a key enzyme involved in the synthesis of GLA. There have been no previous reports on the genes encoding Δ⁶-desaturase in blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum L.). In this research, five nearly identical copies of Δ⁶-desaturase gene-like sequences, named RnD8A, RnD8B, RnD6C, RnD6D, and RnD6E, were isolated from blackcurrant. Heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and/or Arabidopsis thaliana confirmed that RnD6C/D/E were Δ⁶-desaturases that could use both α-linolenic acids (ALA; C18:3 Δ⁹,¹²,¹⁵) and linoleic acid (LA; C18:2 Δ⁹,¹²) precursors in vivo, whereas RnD8A/B were Δ⁸-sphlingolipid desaturases. Expression of GFP tagged with RnD6C/D/E showed that blackcurrant Δ⁶-desaturases were located in the mitochondrion (MIT) in yeast and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in tobacco. GC-MS results showed that blackcurrant accumulated GLA and octadecatetraenoic acids (OTA; C18:4 Δ⁶,⁹,¹²,¹⁵) mainly in seeds and a little in other organs and tissues. RT-PCR results showed that RnD6C and RnD6E were expressed in all the tissues at a low level, whereas RnD6D was expressed at a high level only in seeds, leading to the accumulation of GLA and OTA in seeds. This research provides new insights to our understanding of GLA synthesis and accumulation in plants and the evolutionary relationship of this class of desaturases, and new clues as to the amino acid determinants which define precise enzyme activity.
Superhydrophobic cotton fabrics prepared by one-step water-based sol–gel coating (2011)

Abstract A simple one-step superhydrophobic coating method for cotton fabrics based on a modified silica hydrosol is presented in this study. The modified silica hydrosol was prepared by the co-hydrolysis/co-condensation of methyl trimethoxy silane and a non-fluoro compound, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, via water-based sol–gel reaction under alkaline condition in the presence of a surfactant. The as-obtained products were characterized by particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, scanning probe microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermal gravimetric analysis. Superhydrophobic cotton fabric with a water contact angle of 151.9° for a 5 μL water droplet and a water shedding angle of 13° for a 15 μL water droplet was successfully obtained. Keywords: superhydrophobicitysilica hydrosolsol–gel reactioncotton fabricsone-step coating Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Key Project of Chinese Ministry of Education (No.109066) and by the Nano-project of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (0852nm00300). It was also funded by Innovation Foundation for Ph.D. Candidate of Donghua University (DHU) (9D10522).
Modeling Coal Matrix Shrinkage and Differential Swelling with CO2 Injection for Enhanced Coalbed Methane Recovery and Carbon Sequestration Applications (2002)

Matrix shrinkage and swelling can cause profound changes in porosity and permeability of coalbed methane reservoirs during depletion or when under CO{sub 2} injection processes, with significant implication for primary or enhanced methane recovery. Two models that are used to describe these effects are discussed. The first was developed by Advanced Resources International (ARI) and published in 1990 by Sawyer, et al. The second model was published by Palmer and Mansoori in 1996. This paper shows that the two provide equivalent results for most applications. However, their differences in formulation cause each to have relative advantages and disadvantages under certain circumstances. Specifically, the former appears superior for undersaturated coalbed methane reservoirs while the latter would be better if a case is found where matrix swelling is strongly disproportional to gas concentration. Since its presentation in 1996, the Palmer and Mansoori model has justifiably received much critical praise. However, the model developed by ARI for the COMET reservoir simulation program has been in use since 1990, and has significant advantages in certain settings. A review of data published by Levine in 1996 reveals that carbon dioxide causes a greater degree of coal matrix swelling compared to methane, even when measured on a unit of concentration basis. This effect is described in this report as differential swelling. Differential swelling may have important consequences for enhanced coalbed methane and carbon sequestration projects. To handle the effects of differential swelling, an extension to the matrix shrinkage and swelling model used by the COMET simulator is presented and shown to replicate the data of Levine. Preliminary field results from a carbon dioxide injection project are also presented in support of the extended model. The field evidence supports that considerable changes to coal permeability occur with CO{sub 2} injection, with significant implication for the design, implementation and performance of enhanced coalbed methane recovery and CO{sub 2} sequestration projects.
Database Allocation in a Distributed Environment: Incorporating a Concurrency Control Mechanism and Queuing Costs (1994)

This research investigates the problem of allocating database fragments across a set of computers connected by a communication network. A mathematical model is presented to aid designers in the development of distributed database systems. The model takes into account the pattern of usage of the databases, communication costs in the network, delays due to queuing of data requests, costs for maintaining consistency among the various copies of a database, and storage costs. A solution procedure based on Lagrangian relaxation is proposed to solve the model. Computational results are reported along with several useful observations. The model is applicable to organizations that are considering migration from a centralized to a distributed computing environment.
Antibacterial Performance of Polydopamine-Modified Polymer Surfaces Containing Passive and Active Components (2011)

A growing number of device-related nosocomial infections, elevated hospitalization costs, and patient morbidity necessitate the development of novel antibacterial strategies for clinical devices. We have previously demonstrated a simple, aqueous polydopamine dip-coating method to functionalize surfaces for a wide variety of uses. Here, we extend this strategy with the goal of imparting antifouling and antimicrobial properties to substrates, exploiting the ability of polydopamine to immobilize polymers and induce metal nanoparticle formation. Polydopamine was deposited as a thin adherent film of 4 nm thickness from alkaline aqueous solution onto polycarbonate substrates, followed by grafting of antifouling polymer polyethylene glycol and in situ deposition of silver nanoparticles onto the polydopamine coated polycarbonate substrates. Elemental and morphological surface analyses confirmed successful grafting of polyethylene glycol brushes onto polydopamine-coated substrates, as well as spontaneous silver nanoparticle formation for polydopamine-coated substrates incubated in silver-nitrate solutions. Sustained silver release was observed over at least 7 days from silver-coated substrates, and the release kinetics could be modulated via additional polydopamine overlayers. In vitro functional assays employing gram negative and positive strains demonstrated dual fouling resistance and antibacterial properties of the coatings due to the fouling resistance of grafted polyethylene glycol and antibacterial effect of silver, respectively. Polycarbonate substrates coated only with silver using a method similar to existing commercial coatings provided an antibacterial effect but failed to inhibit bacterial attachment. Taking into account the previously demonstrated substrate versatility of polydopamine coatings, our findings suggest that this strategy could be implemented on a variety of substrate materials to simultaneously improve antifouling and antimicrobial performance.
First order correction for T<sub>2</sub>*‐relaxation in determining contrast agent concentration from spoiled gradient echo pulse sequence signal intensity (2011)

Our conversion method reduces the underestimation of CA concentration severely in a broad physiological concentration range and is easy to perform in any clinical setting.
Fibrous dysplasia of the temporal bone: imaging findings. (1995)

Lichtenstein [1] in 1938 coined the term fibrous dysplasia to describe a disorder characterized by the progressive replacement of normal bone elements by fibrous tissue. Histopathologically, these lesions consist of an abnormal proliferation of fibrous elements intermixed with haphazardly arranged trabeculae of woven bone. The disease can involve any bone in the body. In the head and neck, the skull and facial bones are involved in 10-25% of cases of monostotic fibrous dysplasia and in 50% of the polyostotic variety. Involvement of the temporal bone, however, is relatively rare, and only 53 cases have been reported. The three major radiographic classifications of fibrous dysplasia are pagetoid, sclerotic, and cystic. Any of these types may involve the temporal bone and related structures, including the external canal, middle ear, jugular foramen, or, rarely, the otic capsule. In this essay, we illustrate the radiographic features of the disease based on our experience with seven cases, seen at our institution since 1977, of fibrous dysplasia involving the temporal bone.
Synergistic dual positive feedback loops established by molecular sequestration generate robust bimodal response (2012)

Feedback loops are ubiquitous features of biological networks and can produce significant phenotypic heterogeneity, including a bimodal distribution of gene expression across an isogenic cell population. In this work, a combination of experiments and computational modeling was used to explore the roles of multiple feedback loops in the bimodal, switch-like response of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae galactose regulatory network. Here, we show that bistability underlies the observed bimodality, as opposed to stochastic effects, and that two unique positive feedback loops established by Gal1p and Gal3p, which both regulate network activity by molecular sequestration of Gal80p, induce this bimodality. Indeed, systematically scanning through different single and multiple feedback loop knockouts, we demonstrate that there is always a concentration regime that preserves the system's bimodality, except for the double deletion of GAL1 and the GAL3 feedback loop, which exhibits a graded response for all conditions tested. The constitutive production rates of Gal1p and Gal3p operate as bifurcation parameters because variations in these rates can also abolish the system's bimodal response. Our model indicates that this second loss of bistability ensues from the inactivation of the remaining feedback loop by the overexpressed regulatory component. More broadly, we show that the sequestration binding affinity is a critical parameter that can tune the range of conditions for bistability in a circuit with positive feedback established by molecular sequestration. In this system, two positive feedback loops can significantly enhance the region of bistability and the dynamic response time.
Accommodating explicit user expressions of uncertainty in voice search or something like that (2008)

Voice search applications encourage users to “just say what you want” in order to obtain useful mobile content such as automated directory assistance (ADA). Unfortunately, when users only remember part of what they are looking for, they are forced to guess, even though what they know may be sufficient to retrieve the desired information. In this paper, we propose expanding the capabilities of voice search to allow users to explicitly express their uncertainties as part of their queries, and as such, to provide partial knowledge. Applied to ADA, we highlight the enhanced user experience uncertain expressions afford and delineate how we performed language modeling and information retrieval. We evaluate our approach by assessing its impact on overall ADA performance and by discussing the results of an experiment in which users generated both uncertain expressions as well as guesses for directory listings. Uncertain expressions reduced relative error rate by 31.8% compared to guessing.
A novel soft and fast recovery diode (SFD) with thin p-layer formed by Al-Si electrode (2002)

A novel, soft and fast recovery diode (SFD) is presented which has extremely thin p-layers formed by an Al-Si electrode and deep p/sup +/-layers. By using the thin p-layer, the hole density in the n/sup -/-layer close to the p-n junction is reduced, and a 1/2.5 lower recovery current peak, 1/3 lower recovery current change, and 1.5 times faster recovery time are realized compared to a conventional p-n diode. Moreover, increasing the barrier height of the p-layer causes the leakage current and forward voltage drop to decrease. It is also demonstrated that electrical noise and turn-on loss of an IGBT module in an inverter circuit can be significantly improved by using the SFD as a free wheeling diode.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Practical Techniques for Low-Thrust Trajectory Optimization with Homotopic Approach (2012)

DOI: 10.2514/1.52476 This paper concerns the application of the homotopic approach, which solves the fuel-optimal problem of lowthrust trajectory by starting from the related and easier energy-optimal problem. To this end, some effective techniques are presented to reduce the computational time and increase the probability of finding the globally optimalsolution.First,theoptimalcontrolproblemismadehomogeneoustotheLagrangemultipliersbymultiplying the performance index by a positive unknown factor. Hence, normalization is applicable to restrict the unknown multipliersonaunithypersphere.Second,theswitchingfunction’s first-andsecond-orderderivativeswithrespectto time are derived to detect switching. The switching detection is embedded in the fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm with fixed step size to ensure integration accuracy for bang-bang control. Third, combined with the techniques of normalization and switching detection, the particle swarm optimization with well-chosen parameters considerably increases the probability of finding the approximate initial values of the globally optimal solution. Moreover, intermediate gravity assist, which brings complex inner constraints, is considered. To determine the approximate gravity assist date, analytical formulas are presented to evaluate the minimal maneuver impulse based on the results of Lambert problems. The first-order necessary conditions for gravity assist constraints are derived analytically.Theoptimalsolutioncanberapidlyobtainedbyapplyingthetechniquespresentedtosolvetheshooting function. The unknowns are far less than with direct methods, and the computational effort is also far lower. Two examples of fuel-optimal rendezvous problems from the Earth directly to Venus and from the Earth to Jupiter via Mars gravity assist are given to substantiate the perfect efficiency of these techniques.
A Novel QoS Based Routing Protocol for Wireless Actor and Sensor Networks (2007)

Wireless actors and sensor networks (WASNs) can be used as powerful and accurate tools for real time monitoring of physical environments subjected to emergency situations. This class of applications poses strict requirements of latency, fault tolerance and delivery reliability. Quality of service (QoS) mechanisms can help to meet those requirements; however, QoS solutions for WASNs still pose challenges compared to QoS solutions for traditional networks. This paper presents QBRP, a novel QoS based routing protocol, which is unique in at least two aspects: it meets, simultaneously, the application requirements for low latency, high delivery reliability, uniform energy consumption and fault tolerance; it takes advantage of the interactions among sensors, actors and sink to provide a better QoS solution for WASNs. Performance evaluation of QBRP shows that it outperforms other QoS mechanisms that also prioritize multipath routing for end-to-end delay differentiation in nearly 50%. QBRP has shown to be a potential solution for the monitoring of physical environments subjected to emergency situations, minimizing risks to lives and patrimony.
Coherent OFDM transmission with high spectral efficiency (2009)

Coherent OFDM is promising for DWDM transmission with higher spectral efficiency and enables a demonstration of the highest spectral efficiency of 7.0 bit/s/Hz. Optical OFDM technologies to increase a spectral efficiency are reviewed.
Exendin-4 Improves Blood Glucose Control in Both Young and Aging Normal Non-Diabetic Mice, Possible Contribution of Beta Cell Independent Effects (2011)

Based on these data, we conclude that the glucose lowering effect of exendin-4 in normal non-diabetic mice was not blunted by aging. We further showed that although there was slight difference in the glucose modulating mechanism of exendin-4 therapy in young and aged mice, the improved glucose control seemed uncorrelated with increased beta cell mass or insulin secretion.
Transition coverage testing for simulink/stateflow models using messy genetic algorithms (2011)

This paper introduces a messy-GA for transition coverage of Simulink/StateFlow models. We introduce a tool that implements our approach and evaluate it on three benchmark embedded system Simulink models. Our messy-GA is able to achieve statistically significantly better coverage when compared to both random search and to a commercial tool for Simulink/StateFlow model Testing.