gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cultured oligodendrocytes. A role for cell-substratum interaction in phenotypic expression. (1986)

Oligodendrocytes can be maintained in two states: nonattached; we call these cells B3.f; morphologically they resemble freshly isolated cells; attached; we refer to the latter as B3.fA. Profound morphological, ultrastructural, and biochemical changes take place upon adhesion to a competent surface (Szuchet, S., Yim, S. H., and Monsma, S. (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 80, 7019-7023). Here we present evidence that the transition from B3.f to B3.fA has important consequences for the expression of myelinogenic properties by these cells. We have examined the incorporation of [3H]leucine, [35S]methionine, and [35S]cysteine into polypeptide chains by B3.f and B3.fA cells from 3 days after isolation up to 8 weeks in culture. Specific antisera against myelin and cytoskeletal proteins were used to identify the newly synthesized proteins. Our results indicate that: overall incorporation expressed as cpm/mg of protein remains essentially constant and independent of the state of adhesion or time in culture; B3.f cells keep a low profile in the synthesis of the major myelin proteins but have a high uptake of precursors into 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, actin, and tubulin; adhesion of oligodendrocytes to a polylysine substratum activates the synthesis and phosphorylation of myelin basic protein, and the synthesis and acylation of proteolipid protein and DM-20; over time in culture there is an increased synthesis and accumulation of these proteins and of myelin-associated glycoprotein. We conclude that B3.f cells exhibit a behavior that is distinct from that of B3.fA cells. Our results are consistent with the notion that upon adhesion to a substratum, oligodendrocytes undergo a transition from myelin-maintaining cells (B3.f) to that of myelin-forming cells (B3.fA). This conclusion is substantiated by the finding of myelin membranes in these cultures.
Inorganic and hybrid nanostructures for optical limiting (2009)

This paper reviews the recent development of inorganic and hybrid nanomaterials for optical limiting applications. The synthesis, testing method, optical limiting property and mechanism of several representative classes of nanomaterial, including carbon nanotubes, silver and gold nanocomposites, and selected other conducting and semiconducting nanomaterials, are introduced separately. The nonlinear optical mechanisms observed in inorganic nanomaterials, i.e. nonlinear scattering, two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption, etc, are discussed in conjunction with the influence of the material properties and the laser source on the optical limiting performance.
Inactivation of .gamma.-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase by (Z)-4-amino-2-fluorobut-2-enoic acid (1988)

(Z)-4-Amino-2-fluorobut-2-enoic acid (1) is shown to be a mechanism-based inactivator of pig brain gamma-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase. Approximately 750 inactivator molecules are consumed prior to complete enzyme inactivation. Concurrent with enzyme inactivation is the release of 708 +/- 79 fluoride ions; transamination occurs 737 +/- 15 times per inactivation event. Inactivation of [3H]pyridoxal 5'-phosphate ([3H]PLP) reconstituted GABA aminotransferase by 1 followed by denaturation releases [3H]PMP with no radioactivity remaining attached to the protein. A similar experiment carried out with 4-amino-5-fluoropent-2-enoic acid [Silverman, R. B., Invergo, B. J., & Mathew, J. (1986) J. Med. Chem. 29, 1840-1846] as the inactivator produces no [3H]PMP; rather, another radioactive species is released. These results support an inactivation mechanism for 1 that involves normal catalytic isomerization followed by active site nucleophilic attack on the activated Michael acceptor. A general hypothesis for predicting the inactivation mechanism (Michael addition vs enamine addition) of GABA aminotransferase inactivators is proposed.
Fishway first of its kind in South Africa : on the cover (2006)

Extracted from text ... 4 Civil Engineering | October 2006 
LAKE MzIngAzI in the Mzingazi River 
is located in the area of the City of uMhlathuze 
and supplies water to users in the 
Richards Bay area. 
The lake has a catchment area of approximately 
171 km2 and is situated in a 
dune area some 3 km from the coastline. 
The embankment and bywash spillway 
were constructed in 1942 by the national 
Defence Force to raise the level of the 
lake in order to allow their aeroplanes to 
land on the water. The embankment and 
spillway are approximately 500 m long 
and the structure comprises three ..
W-1 solubilization and kinetics of inhibition by cilofungin of Candida albicans (1,3)-beta-D-glucan synthase (1991)

(1,3)-beta-D-Glucan synthase of Candida albicans was rendered soluble by treatment of membrane preparations with the polyoxyethylene ether detergent W-1. Extraction with 0.025% W-1 at 4 degrees C for 24 h effectively solubilized and activated the enzyme. Under these conditions, greater than 85% of the protein in membrane preparations was released, and about 64% of the glucan synthase activity could be recovered in the soluble form. Soluble enzyme activity was stable for more than 12 days at 4 degrees C. Also, glucan synthase activity in the extracted membrane preparations could be activated to achieve more than twice the enzyme activity in the original, unextracted membrane preparations. The soluble glucan synthase had characteristics similar to those of the membrane-bound enzyme. Soluble glucan synthase had an apparent Km of 2.0 mM, and particulate glucan synthase had an apparent Km of 2.5 mM. Kinetics of cilofungin inhibition for both enzyme preparations were noncompetitive, with an apparent Ki of 2.5 microM; both preparations could be inhibited by cilofungin but not by its peptide nucleus or side chain, either alone or in combination. The reaction products from both forms of the enzyme were sensitive to (1,3)-beta-D-glucanase degradation but not to alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, or proteinase K degradation and thus were shown to be beta(1----3) glucan.
The Future of Service Marketplaces in the Cloud (2012)

For as long as there have been services there has been a desire to have a convenient medium to expose and discover service offerings. Since early on, various efforts have attempted various approaches at the exchange of computational services, prompting the question of whether there is a market for Web services. We believe that a services marketplace should fulfill the promise of an electronic emporium where third party service providers are able to offer their services in a ubiquitous ecosystem, and where service consumers are able to acquire service solutions that are tailored to their requirements. This paper explores the landscape of cloud services marketplaces, where we are, what enablers are needed to realize the vision, and it presents a prospective architecture to that end.
Monitoring Adherence to Evidence-Based Practices (2013)

OUR APPROACH DIFFERS FROM PREVIOUS STUDIES IN THAT A QUANTITATIVE MEASURE IS ESTABLISHED OVER THREE DIMENSIONS: (1) omissions from the pathway, (2) additions to the pathway, and (3) patient outcomes. By examining variances providers can evaluate clinical decisions, and support quality feedback and training mechanisms.
Methotrexate for lung transplant recipients with steroid-resistant acute rejection. (1996)

Methotrexate is efficacious in the treatment of lung transplant recipients with steroid-resistant acute rejection. Patients must be monitored for side effects during therapy and dosing must be individualized based on laboratory and clinical parameters.
Hydrogen as a quick indicator of organic shock loading in UASB (2000)

This study investigates the influence of organic shock loading on H2 production in an upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor. An esterification wastewater produced from a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) manufacturing plant was applied; the major organic pollutants are ethylene glycol and acetaldehyde. Experiments of two influent modes were performed here: a continuous-flow mode with a step input of shock loading and a batch mode with a pulse input of shock loading. Results of the continuous-flow experiments indicate that biogas production parameters such as H2 concentration and biogas production rate are more sensitive than water quality parameters such as pH, ORP, COD and TOC. In particular, H2, increasing by 140% within 1 hour, is a very important index upon the organic shock loading. It changes from 120 ppm to over 600 ppm as the organic loading rate increases from 4.4 to 13.2 kgCOD/m3·day through 4 hours of shock loading. Experiments of the batch shock loading with different pulse dosagesof ethylene glycol, acetaldehyde and the raw wastewater were also investigated. The amount of H2 production increased in proportion to an increase of organic load. Furthermore, the sequence of H2 production among the three types of shock loading is acetaldehyde&gt; ethylene glycol&gt; raw wastewater. To sum up, H2 shows a faster response rate than the other parameters. Therefore, H2 can be adopted as an important parameter for organic shock loading in UASB.
Ultrasound-Mediated Transscleral Delivery of Macromolecules to the Posterior Segment of Rabbit Eye In Vivo (2013)

Low-frequency ultrasound significantly enhanced the penetration of macromolecules via transscleral route. No undesirable side effects have been found for up to 2 weeks after ultrasound application. The study supports that sonication is a potentially safe and effective method to modulate transscleral barriers for delivering macromolecular therapeutics to posterior segment of the eye.
Micro power “relative precision” 13 bits cyclic RSD A/D converter (1996)

Relative precision A/D and D/A converters are presented. They feature a limited signal-to-noise ratio but have a dynamic range of 13 to 14 bits. These characteristics are achieved by using a so called RSD (Redundant Signed Digit) algorithm conducting to a minimal implementation complexity. The elements of the analog parr of the A/D converter and its digital control consumes less than 50 /spl mu/W at 2.4 V power supply voltage, whereas the D/A converter with its track and hold circuit consumes 75 /spl mu/W at the same supply voltage.
Comparison of performance for leukocyte differential counting of the Technicon H6000 system with a manual reference method using the NCCLS standard. (1985)

The National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) has published a tentative standard for leukocyte differential counting, by means of which a manual or automated method for leukocyte differential counting can be compared with a manual reference method. The performance of the Technicon H6000 system was evaluated using the standard at Stamford and Overlook Hospitals. A total of 502 patient samples were analyzed: 315 from Overlook and 187 from Stamford. The H6000 system was found to be approximately four times more precise than the 200-cell manual reference method for each cell type. Correlation of the H6000 system with the manual method was good, with correlation coefficients of 0.98 for neutrophils and lymphocytes, 0.96 for eosinophils, 0.72 for monocytes, and 0.5 for basophils. The clinical sensitivity of the H6000 system, measured in terms of false normals and false abnormals, was similar to that of the manual reference method when measured against itself. There were no clinically significant discrepancies in results from the H6000 system, except for possibly one case where a patient was already on antibiotic therapy. The NCCLS standard was found to be a useful but rather complex and involved method for evaluating the performance of the H6000 system, the major problem being the amount of work needed to count manually the number of cells required for the manual reference method.
Growth and fabrication of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice mid-wavelength infrared photodetectors (2011)

We report our recent work on the growth and fabrication of InAs/GaSb type II superlattice photodiode detectors. The superlattice consists of 9 monolayer InAs/12 monolayer GaSb in each period. Lattice mismatch between the GaSb substrate and the superlattice is 1.5 × 10-4. The full width at half maximum of the first-order satellite peak from X-ray diffraction is 28 arc sec. The P-I-N photodiodes in which the absorption regions (I regions) have 600 periods of superlattice show a 50% cutoff wavelength of 4.3 μm. The current responsivity was measured at 0.48 A/W from blackbody radiation. The peak detectivity of 1.75 × 1011 cmHz1/2/W and the quantum efficiency of 41% at 3.6 μm were obtained.PACS: 85.60.-q; 85.60.Gz; 85.35.-Be.
An immunohistochemical study of chromogranin A and human epidermal growth factor‐2 expression using initial prostate biopsy specimens from patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer (2006)

NE cell differentiation of the primary tumour in patients with bone metastatic prostate cancer does not reflect the prognosis, whereas HER-2 overexpression is a prognostic factor for an unfavourable outcome. These results suggest that NE cell differentiation is not induced by HER-2.
Fluorine‐containing polymers. II. 1, 1‐dihydroperfluoroalkyl acrylates: Preparation of monomers<sup>1</sup> (1955)

Abstract Acrylate esters of seven n ‐1,1‐dihydroperfluoroalkanols have been synthesized. The esters are: 1,1‐dihydroperfluoroethyl‐; 1,1‐dihydroperfluoropropyl‐; 1,1‐dihydroperfluorobutyl‐; 1,1‐dihydroperfluoropentyl‐; 1,1‐dihydroperfluorohexyl‐; 1,1‐dihydroperfluorooctyl‐; and 1,1‐dihydroperfluorodecyl acrylates. Since these alcohols were difficult to esterify using conventional procedures, acrylyl chloride or acrylic acid plus perfluoroacetic anhydride have been empolyed in this work.
Supramolecular Facilities to Melanoma Cells B16F10 with Nanoparticles of a DEAE-Dextran-MMA Copolymer-Paclitaxel Complex (2011)

2g of 2-diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-dextran hydrochloride (nitrogen content 3%) derived from dextran (Mw 500,000) was dissolved in 100 ml of water, followed by the addition of 3.5 ml of Methyl methacrylate (MMA). While stirring, the air in the reaction vessel was fully replaced with N 2 gas. Next, 0.1 g of ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) and 15 ml of 0.1N nitric acid was added, and the mixture was stirring for 1 hour at 30C. Finally, 3 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of hydroquinone was added to stop the reaction, and the resulting DDMC was purified by water dialysis using a cellophane tube to remove any unreacted MMA, ceric salts and nitric acid.
Echosonde interferometer for atmospheric research (1978)

A preliminary version of an echosonde interferometer is described and some of the first results obtained with it are presented. The results demonstrate that the formation of an acoustic interference pattern from a pair of coherent sources extends to the sound field scattered by turbulent fluctuation and that an echosonde interferometer is practicable. Possible applications to the remote sensing of atmospheric temperature profiles are discussed.
Musashi: a translational regulator of cell fate (2002)

Transcription is thought to have a major role in the regulation of cell fate; the importance of translational regulation in this process has been less certain. Recent findings demonstrate that translational regulation contributes to cell-fate specification. The evolutionarily conserved, neural RNA-binding protein Musashi, for example, controls neural cell fate. The protein functions in maintenance of the stem-cell state, differentiation, and tumorigenesis by repressing translation of particular mRNAs. In mammals it might play an important role in activating Notch signalling by repressing translation of the Notch inhibitor m-Numb.
Reengineering Standard Java Runtime Systems through Dynamic Bytecode Instrumentation (2007)

Java bytecode instrumentation is a widely used technique, especially for profiling purposes. In order to ensure the instrumentation of all classes in the system, including dynamically generated or downloaded code, instrumentation has to be performed at runtime. The standard JDK offers some mechanisms for dynamic instrumentation, which however either require the use of native code or impose severe restrictions on the instrumentation of certain core classes of the JDK. These limitations prevent several instrumentation techniques that are important for efficient, calling context-sensitive profiling. In this paper we present a generic bytecode instrumentation framework that goes beyond these restrictions and enables the customized, dynamic instrumentation of all classes in pure Java. Our framework addresses important issues, such as bootstrapping an instrumented JDK, as well as avoiding measurement perturbations due to dynamic instrumentation or execution of instrumentation code. We validated and evaluated our framework using an instrumentation for exact profiling which generates complete calling context trees of various platform-independent dynamic metrics.
Solving Elliptic Curve Discrete Logarithm Problems Using Weil Descent. (2001)

We provide the first cryptographically interesting instance of the elliptic curve discrete logarithm problem which resists all previously known attacks, but which can be solved with modest computer resources using the Weil descent attack methodology of Frey. We report on our implementation of index-calculus methods for hyperelliptic curves over characteristic two finite fields, and discuss the cryptographic implications of our results. 1
Minimal DNA requirement for topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage in vitro. (1990)

The minimal DNA requirement for topoisomerase II-mediated DNA cleavage in vitro was determined by analyzing the interaction of the enzyme with sets of DNA substrates varying successively by single bases at the 5'- or 3'-end of either strand. A 16-base pair double-stranded region was established as the minimal duplex region required for topoisomerase II cleavage activity. The region was located symmetrically around the 4-base staggered cleavage site. Topoisomerase II-mediated cleavage within the 16-base pair core duplex, however, required single-stranded regions flanking the duplex to either the 5'- or 3'-sides, or an extension at both ends of the duplex with 1 or more base pairs.
Extra-anorectic actions of mazindol. (1989)

In the search for mechanisms supporting the weight-reducing effect of mazindol, we examined the influence of the drug on metabolism and gastric evacuation in two groups of 10 women each. In the first group the effect of mazindol on thermogenesis was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and blood glycerol concentration was taken as an index of lipolysis. After oral administration of 2 mg mazindol no significant changes were observed in the energy expenditure or lipolysis, either at rest or during exercise. In the second group, the influence of 2 mg mazindol, taken orally, on gastric emptying (GE) of a radiolabeled solid meal was examined with the use of a gamma camera. The drug significantly inhibited GE--the median GEt1/2 was 119 min after placebo vs. 230 min after mazindol. The mean +/- SE of the emptying index was 1.13 +/- 0.26 min-1 after placebo vs. 0.53 +/- 0.14 min-1 after mazindol. Mazindol elicited a delaying effect on the late phase of GE, as confirmed by a significant decrease of the shape parameter (S) of the power-exponential fitted GE curves, 2.09 +/- 0.22 after placebo vs. 1.61 +/- 0.24 after mazindol, and by the comparison of the amount of food emptied from the stomach: 30.7 +/- 6.1% after placebo vs. 17.8 +/- 4.0% after mazindol, at 80 min, and 38.9 +/- 6.2% after placebo vs. 20.6 +/- 4.3% after mazindol, at 90 min of the GE measurement.
Callus induction and adventitious shoot regeneration in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. ‘Huizao’ (2012)

This study was conducted to develop a protocol for rapid callus induction and subsequent shoot regeneration in Zizyphus jujuba Mill. ‘Huizao’. The best callus induction (95%) was obtained from young expanding leaves between the third and fifth nodes in vitro jujube shoots in MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L benzylamino purine (6-BA), 2.0 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid  (2, 4-D), and 0.5 mg/L silver nitrate (AgNO3). Incubation in darkness had non-significant effects on callus induction frequency of leaf explants, while callus formation of leaf was observed five to seven days earlier in one or two weeks of dark incubation. For shoot regeneration, the results showed that combination of zeatin (ZT) and, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was found to be more effective than that of 6-BA and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A maximum of 37.34% callus differentiation occurred in MS medium supplemented with2.0 mg/L ZT and 0.1 mg/L IAA.

	 

	Key words: Callus induction, shoot regeneration, Zizyphus jujuba.
Omics strategies for revealing Yersinia pestis virulence (2012)

Omics has remarkably changed the way we investigate and understand life. Omics differs from traditional hypothesis-driven research because it is a discovery-driven approach. Mass datasets produced from omics-based studies require experts from different fields to reveal the salient features behind these data. In this review, we summarize omics-driven studies to reveal the virulence features of Yersinia pestis through genomics, trascriptomics, proteomics, interactomics, etc. These studies serve as foundations for further hypothesis-driven research and help us gain insight into Y. pestis pathogenesis.
Constraints, Determinants of SME Innovation, and the Role of Government Support (2014)

This paper provides an empirical analysis of potential constraints to SMEs upgrading their capability to innovate, and assesses the effectiveness of government support in overcoming these constraints. The justification for government support is that market failures can hinder SMEs' access to information, finance, technology, and human resources. This paper focuses on the impact of the perceived effectiveness of government support through business development services in terms of providing: (i) training; (ii) counselling and advice; (iii) technology development and transfer; (iv) information; (v) business linkages; (vi) financing; and (vii) a conducive business environment. The effectiveness of this support is evaluated against the ability of SMEs to innovate.
Single-fibre polymer composites (2004)

Raman spectroscopy of high-modulus polyethylene (PE) fibres embedded in epoxy resin shows that the axial compressive residual stress is constant at 0.3 GPa for curing conditions where the matrix shrinkage is larger than 0.2%. Optical microscopy shows that the fibre fails by forming kink bands at this strain. The local stress concentration around the kink bands then causes interfacial debonding. The axial strain in a fibre varied widely at the kink bands but no significant difference was found between the axial strain at a kink band and at a nearby position on the undamaged fibre. The PE fibres have a very small thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE) in the axial direction and an unusually large TCE in the radial direction, larger than that of the epoxy matrix. On cooling the composite after curing, a normal tensile stress develops at the interface between the fibre and epoxy, and in PE fibres without surface treatment this causes debonding of the interface. PE fibres with ammonia plasma surface treatment do not debond on cooling, but the interface is still weaker than that of other reinforcing fibre composites. One reason for this is the large radial TCE of these fibres. When the fibre is pulled through the matrix after interfacial debonding, the axial stress distribution shows that interfacial friction is established. The interfacial normal stress must change to a compressive stress during pull-out; the cross-section of the fibre is irregular. The normal stress and frictional coefficient can be obtained from the axial stress distribution. It is found that plasma-treated fibres have a much higher normal stress and frictional coefficient than untreated fibres. The load-displacement curves in single-fibre pull-out tests also show the differences in friction.