gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimetallic complexes of group 10 and 11 metals based on polydentate dithiocarbamate ligands (2011)

The ligands KS(2)CN(Bz)CH(2)CH(2)N(Bz)CS(2)K (K(2)L(1)), N(CH(2)CH(2)N(Me)CS(2)Na)(3) (Na(3)L(2)), and the new chelates {(CH(2)CH(2))NCS(2)Na}(3) (Na(3)L(3)) and {CH(2)CH(2)N(CS(2)Na)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)NCS(2)Na}(2) (Na(4)L(4)), react with the gold(I) complexes [ClAu(PR(3))] (R = Me, Ph, Cy) and [ClAu(IDip)] to yield di-, tri-and tetragold compounds. Larger metal units can also be coordinated by the longer, flexible linker, K(2)L(1). Thus two equivalents of cis-[PtCl(2)(PEt(3))(2)] react with K(2)L(1) in the presence of NH(4)PF(6) to yield the bimetallic complex [L(1){Pt(PEt(3))(2)}(2)](PF(6))(2). The compounds [NiCl(2)(dppp)] and [MCl(2)(dppf)] (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) also yield the dications, [L(1){Ni(dppp)}(2)](2+) and [L(1){Ni(dppf)}(2)](2+) in an analogous fashion. In the same manner, reaction between [(L'(2))(AuCl)(2)] (L'(2) = dppm, dppf; dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane) and KS(2)CN(Bz)CH(2)CH(2)N(Bz)CS(2)K yield [L(1){Au(2)(L'(2))}(2)]. The molecular structures of [L(1){M(dppf)}(2)](PF(6))(2) (M = Ni, Pd) and [L(1){Au(PR(3))}(2)] (R = Me, Ph) are reported.
Handling dynamic frequency changes in statically scheduled cycle-accurate simulation (2011)

Although high level simulation models are being increasingly used for digital electronic system validation, cycle accuracy is still required in some cases, such as hardware protocol validation or accurate power/energy estimation. Cycle-accurate simulation is however slow and acceleration approaches make the assumption of a single constant clock, which is not true anymore with the generalization of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling techniques. Fast cycle-accurate simulators supporting several clocks whose frequencies can change at run time are thus needed. This paper presents two algorithms we designed for this purpose and details their properties and implementations.
Residual Radiation Damage in the Mouse Foot after Exposure to Argon Ions and Retreatment with X Rays (1983)

The results of radiation treatment as visible residual damage are reported for acute skin reaction and foot deformity in mice exposed to argon ions. Two groups of 40 mice each were exposed to argon ions at the plateau and peak center of a 10-cm-wide Bragg peak to a fixed dose of 1200 and 1300 rad, respectively. A third group of 40 mice was exposed to 1750 rad of 250-kVp X rays while the fourth group was kept as controls. The acute skin reactions were scored for 60 days and foot deformity at 8 months after exposure. These mice were reexposed 8 months after the first exposure to graded doses of X rays ranging from 1200 to 2500 rad. Acute skin reactions were scored again for 60 days and foot deformity 8 months after the second exposure to graded doses of X rays. The results showed that no significant visible residual damage of the first treatment of either argon ions or X rays was observed after a second irradiation with X rays for acute skin reaction. For the end point deformity, however, residual damage of the first treatment was observed. The residual damage for foot deformity for argon ions does not seem to be higher than for X rays when the doses of first treatment with argon ions and X rays were matched to produce nearly uniform effect. The results also suggest a threshold dose to show the residual damage of the first treatment.
Statistical Modeling and Analysis of Landing Time Intervals: Case Study of Los Angeles International Airport, California (2005)

Existing literature suggests that analyses of landing time intervals employ simple statistical models based on time-separation histograms, usually approximated by normal distributions. Although the literature focuses on important issues such as safety, capacity improvements, and separation rules, it does not take into account another important issue: the possible, unique behavior of airlines, pilots, and controllers. In this study such possible, unique behavior is taken into account and a statistical analysis on landing time intervals is performed to find the operational properties of Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), California. On the basis of the properties found, operations of a dominant airline at LAX are compared with those of other airlines by using the Performance Data Analysis and Reporting System (PDARS) database. The PDARS database allows the calculation of landing time intervals on a runway level. A new mathematical model is constructed to fit the probability distribution of landing time intervals, and it is found that the proposed model has the best maximum log likelihood estimations compared with those of existing models. The results also reveal that the behavior of the dominant airline differs from that of the other airlines. The proposed model better approximates the shape of the probability distribution, especially the left-hand side, which usually contains information of greater importance regarding airport operations and especially regarding safety, since all smaller landing time intervals and the landing intervals that fail the safety requirements are concentrated in this part of the probability distribution curve.
<i>ansa</i>-Zirconocene Ester Enolates:  Synthesis, Structure, Reaction with Organo-Lewis Acids, and Application to Polymerization of Methacrylates (2004)

The synthesis, structural characterization, and abstraction chemistry of ansa-zirconocene ester enolate complexes relevant to the isospecific polymerization of methacrylates are reported. Reactions of rac-(EBI)ZrMe(OTf) and rac-(EBI)Zr(OTf)(2) [EBI = C(2)H(4)(Ind)(2)] with 1 and 2 equiv of lithium isopropylisobutyrate in toluene produce the first examples of ansa-zirconocene mono- and diester enolate complexes: rac-(EBI)ZrMe[OC(O(i)Pr)=CMe(2)] (1) and rac-(EBI)Zr[OC(O(i)Pr)=CMe(2)](2) (2) in 89% and 50% isolated yields, respectively. The reaction of 1 with B(C(6)F(5))(3) was investigated in six different organic solvents; in THF at ambient temperature, this reaction cleanly produces the isolable cationic ansa-zirconocene ester enolate complex rac-(EBI)Zr(+)(THF)[OC(O(i)Pr)=CMe(2)][MeB(C(6)F(5))(3)](-) (3) in quantitative yield. The analogous reaction of 1 with Al(C(6)F(5))(3) in toluene, however, proceeds through a proposed novel, intramolecular proton transfer process in which propylene is eliminated from the isopropoxy group, subsequently producing a carboxylate-bridged tight ion pair rac-(EBI)Zr(+)(Me)OC((i)Pr)OAl(C(6)F(5))(3)(-) (4). In addition to standard spectroscopic and analytical characterizations for the isolated complexes 1-4, complexes 2 and 4 have also been structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. Polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) has been investigated using complexes 1, 3, and 4. Both the isolated cationic 3 and neutral 1 (the latter combined with B(C(6)F(5))(3) in situ) are highly active (10 min for quantitative MMA conversion) and highly isospecific ([mm] > 95% for PMMA; [mm] > 99% for PBMA) via enantiomorphic-site control, producing polymethacrylates with extremely narrow molecular weight distributions (M(w)/M(n) = 1.03). The aluminate complex 4, however, produces syndiotactic PMMA predominantly via chain-end control.
An Evaluation of Microseismic Monitoring of Lenticular Tight-Sandstone Stimulations (2010)

Summary Microseismic monitoring in lenticular tight gas formations has a number of challenging issues associated with both analysis and interpretation. The heterogeneous nature of the reservoir and the typically small microseismic-event amplitudes make it essential to understand the limits of interpretation that should be applied in these reservoirs. With proper care, fracture lengths and azimuth, along with zonal coverage, are readily obtainable. However, fracture-height growth in these complex reservoirs needs to be assessed carefully. Microseismic data provide a level of self-quality-control potential through the use of a magnitude/distance assessment to guide interpretation and design. Hydraulic fractures observed in these reservoirs tend to be long, penetrating fractures that wander through the distributed/sand lenses, with modest height growth in most projects.
Texture Evaluations of Cooked, Diced Broiler Breast Samples by Sensory and Mechanical Methods (1996)

The texture of cooked chicken breast is usually determined on intact pieces or strips that are representative of the muscle. Researchers emphasize the importance of uniformity of sample size and orientation of fibers to the shearing blades to ensure consistent data from instruments such as shear devices. For sensory evaluations, sample pieces of chicken breasts presented to panelists are often sized as single 2-cm2 or several 1-cm2 pieces. In this study, two sensory and two mechanical procedures were evaluated for efficacy in discerning texture differences in 1-cm2 pieces of cooked chicken. Three postmortem deboning times (2, 6, and 24 h) provided a texture quality spectrum. Sensory characteristics were evaluated by descriptive analysis-trained panel (DA-TP) and by category scales-untrained panel (CS-UP). Twenty-gram breast portions of 1-cm2 pieces were evaluated using a multi-blade Allo-Kramer (AK) shear blade. Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear values of intact 1.9-cm-wide strips were also recorded. Discriminant analysis classification based on CS-UP gave higher error rates (probabilities of misclassification) than classification based on DA-TP. The CS-UP error rates were 0.36 (tender) and 0.65 (juiciness). The error rate of classification by DA-TP was 0.21. Error rates for classification by mechanical devices were 0.30 for WB and 0.21 for AK. Sample size is a consideration in texture evaluation protocols. Smaller sample pieces appear to mask differences in initial chew characteristics and in juiciness that are due to deboning time.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce different types of DNA damage in target cells of different origins (1991)

Nuclear changes may be important in the mechanism of CTL-mediated lysis. Rapid cleavage of target cell DNA into oligonucleosomes has been demonstrated as a very early event in CTL-mediated killing of murine hematopoietic targets. However, the results presented herein and by other investigators have shown that this extensive dsDNA fragmentation does not occur in all CTL targets. In terms of actual DNA damage, there is a wide range in the extent and type of DNA cleavage in various targets. Differences exist at both the species and the cell lineage level. The extent of DNA damage generally corresponds to the efficiency of lysis; thus, murine hematopoietic cells, which undergo dsDNA fragmentation, are killed more rapidly and at lower E/T cell ratios than are murine nonhematopoietic cells, which sustain single-stranded nicks. Experiments using cloned CTL demonstrate that the same effector cell kills both hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic targets, producing different types of DNA damage. These observations indicate that the fate of the target cell DNA is determined by the nature of the target cell and not by the CTL. We propose that DNA damage results from an enzyme pathway inherent to the target, which is activated by, not transferred from, the CTL.
Characterization of the Iron-binding Site in Mammalian Ferrochelatase by Kinetic and Mössbauer Methods (1995)

All organisms utilize ferrochelatase (protoheme ferrolyase, EC 4.99.1.1) to catalyze the terminal step of the heme biosynthetic pathway, which involves the insertion of ferrous ion into protoporphyrin IX. Kinetic methods and Mössbauer spectroscopy have been used in an effort to characterize the ferrous ion-binding active site of recombinant murine ferrochelatase. The kinetic studies indicate that dithiothreitol, a reducing agent commonly used in ferrochelatase activity assays, interferes with the enzymatic production of heme. Ferrochelatase specific activity values determined under strictly anaerobic conditions are much greater than those obtained for the same enzyme under aerobic conditions and in the presence of dithiothreitol. Mössbauer spectroscopy conclusively demonstrates that, under the commonly used assay conditions, dithiothreitol chelates ferrous ion and hence competes with the enzyme for binding the ferrous substrate. Mössbauer spectroscopy of ferrous ion incubated with ferrochelatase in the absence of dithiothreitol shows a somewhat broad quadrupole doublet. Spectral analysis indicates that when 0.1 mM Fe(II) is added to 1.75 mM ferrochelatase, the overwhelming majority of the added ferrous ion is bound to the protein. The spectroscopic parameters for this bound species are delta = 1.36 +/- 0.03 mm/s and delta EQ = 3.04 +/- 0.06 mm/s, distinct from the larger delta EQ of a control sample of Fe(II) in buffer only. The parameters for the bound species are consistent with an active site composed of nitrogenous/oxygenous ligands and inconsistent with the presence of sulfur ligands. This finding is in accord with the absence of conserved cysteines among the known ferrochelatase sequences. The implications these results have with regard to the mechanism of ferrochelatase activity are discussed.
Radio Frequency Currents Induced in the Human Body for Medium-frequency/High-frequency Broadcast Antennas (1994)

Radio frequency currents in the human body, induced by high-frequency and medium-frequency high-power broadcast antennas, were studied theoretically and experimentally. An analytical formula was derived to calculate the foot currents in a grounded semispheroidal model of the human body. The model agrees within 30% with the results given by the standard formula presented by Gandhi on the basis of measurements with humans. Near 100 kHz, the model predicts a decrease of 14% of the current dissipated in the human body, which is due to the beta relaxation of the cells. The effect of the body and foot-contact impedances were studied with the aid of a simplified equivalent circuit which showed that the body impedance does not considerably affect the foot current below 10 MHz. The normalized foot currents measured in front of the broadcast antennas were within 30% agreement of the currents calculated with the Gandhi formula from the electric fields measured at a height of 1 m. The foot currents are induced by vertical electric fields for both medium-frequency and high-frequency antennas in spite of a strong horizontal component in the latter case. The distance at which the occupational exposure limit of 200 mA was exceeded in the worst (maximum coupling) case was 50 m for the high-frequency antenna and < 14 m for the medium-frequency antenna. In the latter case, the radio frequency shocks resulting from touching ungrounded metallic bodies impose a practical limit to about 40 m.
Out-of-plane rotary micromirrors for reconfigurable photonic applications (2003)

A slow-speed optical fiber cross-connect has been developed around surface-micromachined MEMS mirrors that pop up 45 degrees relative to the substrate and rotate 360 degrees about the normal axis. Various assembly, latching, and rotational mechanisms have been evaluated and tested, with current work focusing on demonstrating functionality. Routing capability has been characterized for 2 × 2 arrays of micromirrors, the feedback from which has been applied to second-generation designs with improved control and greater precision. The cross-connect described here is scalable and represents an important building block in a general-purpose photonic infrastructure.
Immunochemical and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Lung Permeability in Ventilated Newborn Rabbits (1990)

These experiments were designed to quantify the vascular-to-alveolar leakage albumin in the neonatal lung and to analyze the distribution of leaking airspaces in the lung parenchyma. Immediately after delivery, newborn rabbits with gestational age 27-29 days received an intravenous injection of human albumin as a marker and were ventilated for 15 min with standardized tidal volume (10 ml/kg). After the period of ventilation the lungs were either lavaged via the airways or fixed for histological studies. The median amount of albumin in lung lavage fluid, determined by immunodiffusion, was 4.8% of the injected dose after 27 days, 1.3% after 28 days, and 0.4% after 29 days of gestation; it was inversely correlated with the compliance of the respiratory system (r = -0.78; p less than .001). Immunohistochemical examination of lung section revealed that the leak was not diffuse; even in animals with gestational age 27 days it involved only a median of 48% of total alveoli. The median amount of alveoli containing the label fell to 6% after 28 days and to 0% after 29 days gestation, correlating inversely with the compliance of the respiratory system (r = -0.53; p less than 0.01). We suggest that our experimental model is useful for histological demonstration of serum proteins leaking into the airpaces under experimental conditions and for evaluating the effect of therapeutic regiments on neonatal lung permeability.
A service framework for carrier grade multimedia services using PARPLAY APIs over a SIP system (2001)

The implementation of new mobile communication technologies developed in the third generation partnership project (3GPP) will allow to access the Internet not only from a PC but also via mobile phones, palmtops and other devices. New applications will emerge, combining several basic services like voice telephony, e-mail, voice over IP, mobility or web-browsing, and thus wiping out the borders between the fixed telephone network, mobile radio and the Internet. Offering those value-added services will be the key factor for success of network and service providers in an increasingly competitive market. In 3GPP's service framework the use of the PARLAY APIs is proposed that allow application development by third parties in order to speed up service creation and deployment. 3GPP has also adopted SIP for session control of multimedia communications in an IP network. This paper proposes a mapping of SIP functionality to PARLAY services and describes a prototype implementation using the SIP Servlet API. Furthermore an architecture of a Service Platform is presented that offers a framework for the creation, execution and management of carrier grade multimedia services in heterogeneous networks.
Synthesis of Group 4 Organometallic Complexes That Contain the Bis(borylamide) Ligand [Mes<sub>2</sub>BNCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>NBMes<sub>2</sub>]<sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup> (1996)

Titanium and zirconium derivatives of the new chelating bis(borylamido) ligand [Mes2BNCH2CH2NBMes2]2- ([Ben]2-) are prepared by treating MCl4(THF)2 (M = Ti, Zr) with (Ben)Mg(THF)2. Nitrogen−boron π-interactions in (Ben)TiCl2 and (Ben)ZrCl2(THF) result in one mesityl group in each BMes2 unit occupying space roughly above and below the MCl2 plane. (Ben)TiCl2 is smoothly alkylated by Grignard reagents in dichloromethane to give (Ben)Ti(R)Cl (R = CH2Ph, CH2CMe3) and (Ben)TiR2 (R = Me, CH2Ph), while unstable (Ben)ZrMe2 can be prepared from (Ben)ZrCl2(THF) and methyllithium in toluene. An X-ray study of (Ben)Ti(CH2Ph)Cl confirms the proposed ligand conformation and features a highly distorted “η2” benzyl ligand with a Ti−Cα−Cipso angle of only 87.0(5)°. (Ben)MMe2 complexes cleanly decompose by metalation of the ortho methyl groups from mesityl rings on different borons at room temperature (for Zr) or upon heating (for Ti). An X-ray crystal structure of (TwistBen)Zr shows it to be a dimer in which the two zirconium centers are bridged by two mesityl o-methylene groups. B(C6F5)3 binds to a methyl group in (Ben)MMe2 complexes in dichloromethane, but such compounds show little polymerization activity toward ethylene at 25 °C and 1−2 atm as a consequence of strong anion binding.
Adaptively optimized combination (AOC) of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data from phased array coils (2015)

The simulation and human experiments demonstrate that the proposed AOC method represents the theoretical optimal combination of MR spectroscopic data from multi-element coil arrays. Magn Reson Med 75:2235-2244, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Inheritance of a Recurring Somatic Variation in Variegated Ears of Maize (1914)

A somatic variation in maize is shown to be inherited in simple Mendelian fashion. The variation has to do with the development of a dark red pigment (or in one stock a brown pigment) in the pericarp of the grains, often associated with the development of an apparently similar pigment in the cob and husks. Plants in which this pigment has a variegated pattern may show any amount of red pericarp, including wholly self-red ears, large or small patches of self-red grains, scattered self-red grains, grains with a single stripe of red covering from perhaps nine tenths to one tenth of the surface, grains with several prominent stripes and those with a single minute streak, ears with most of the grains prominently striped and ears that are non-colored except for a single partly colored grain, and probably also plants with wholly self-red and others with wholly colorless ears. It is shown that the amount of pigment developed in the pericarp of variegated seeds bears a definite relation to the development of color in the progeny of such seeds. This relation is not such that seeds showing say nine tenths, one half, or one tenth red will produce or even tend to produce plants whose ears as a whole or whose individual grains are, respectively, nine tenths, one half, or one tenth red. Experimental results indicate rather that the more color in the pericarp of the seeds planted the more likely are they to produce plants with wholly selfred ears, and, correspondingly, the less likely to yield plants with variegated ears. Self-red ears thus produced are shown to behave in inheritance just as if they were hybrids between self-red and variegated races or between self-red and non-red races, the behavior in any given case depending upon whether the parent variegated ears were homozygous or heterozygous for variegated pericarp and whether they were self-pollinated or crossed with white. It is suggested that these results may be interpreted by the assumption that a genetic factor for variegation, V, is changed to a self-color factor, S, in a somatic cell. All pericarp cells directly descended from this modified cell will, it is assumed, develop color, and of the gametes arising from such modified cells one half will carry the S factor and one half the V factor if only one of the two V factors of the somatic cells is changed, or all such gametes will carry S if both V factors are changed. The V factor is thought of as a sort of temporary, recessive inhibitor that sooner or later permanently loses its power to inhibit color development, becoming thereby an S factor. Or it may be that the dominant factor, S, is temporarily inactive, but sooner or later becomes permanently active. Again, the S factor may repeatedly arise de novo. The cause of any such change in factors is beyond intelligent discussion at present. The results of Correns with Mirabilis and of de Vries with Antirrhinum are shown to be subject to the same analysis as that used to interpret the results secured with maize.
Principal curve tracing. (2010)

Abstract. We propose a principal curve tracing algorithm that uses the gradient and the Hessian of a given density estimate. Curve definition requires the local smoothness of data density and is based on the concept of subspace local maxima. Tracing of the curve is handled through the leading eigenvector where fixed-step updates are used. We also propose an image segmentation algorithm based on the original idea and show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm on a Brainbow dataset. 1