gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dry Dope-Free OCTG Connections: A Novel Environmentally Friendly Technology Validated Through Diverse and Severe Field Conditions (2009)

Abstract The development of dope-free alternatives to standard thread compounds used for the assembling of OCTG connections (tubing & casing) started in the late 90's when some initial solutions were tried, being really commercially available from late 2003. The challenges from the galling resistance needs, as well as the handling and storage requirements, were addressed and the lessons learnt from initial uses and experiences were incorporated to define products that are reliable and have proven the suitability in different environments as those from the extremely humid and cold Barents Sea conditions to the sandy and hot environment in the Middle East. The extension and diversity of the uses and experiences collected today allows not only to confirm the validity of initial drivers for the development of this alternative, mainly related to the environmental care, but to detect and confirm additional benefits from the possibility of complete elimination of thread compound from the casing and tubing installation and storage process. The dope-free solution demonstrated suitability for application in all tubing and casing dimensional ranges, and for all type of steels as common carbon steel (both API grades and proprietary), 13Cr, and Corrosion Resistance Alloys (CRA), in premium connections with metal-to metal seal, and big-OD semi-premium connections. This paper describes the different experiences related to the field use of a fully-dry dope-free solution, the improvements and adjustments incorporated after initial experiences and operators feedback, the verification activities in laboratory, and especially in experimental rigs under actual field conditions, and summarizes the advantages and the value added through the use of this type of technology.
New Dry Etching Process of the Deep Contact Composed of SiO2 and Si Layer by using the Triple Hard Mask System (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Aldehydes vs Aldimines. Unprecedented Aldimine-Selective Nucleophilic Additions in the Coexistence of Aldehydes Using a Lanthanide Salt as a Lewis Acid Catalyst (1997)

It is well-recognized that aldimines are less reactive than aldehydes toward nucleophilic additions. In this paper, an unprecedented change in the reactivity is described: preferential reactions of aldimines over aldehydes in nucleophilic additions using a lanthanide salt as a Lewis acid catalyst. In the presence of a catalytic amount of ytterbium triflate (Yb(OTf)3), only aldimines reacted with silyl enol ethers, ketene silyl acetals, allyltributylstannane, or cyanotrimethylsilane to afford the corresponding adducts in high yields, even in the coexistence of aldehydes. Selective formation of an aldimine−Yb(OTf)3 complex rather than an aldehyde−Yb(OTf)3 complex was indicated by 13C NMR analyses. While this report demonstrates the effective use of Lewis acids in organic synthesis, the basic idea of changing reactivity as shown here will be widely applied to many other nucleophilic additions.
Observation of soft x rays of single-mode resonant transition radiation from a multilayer target with a submicrometer period (1999)

The soft x rays produced by resonant transition radiation from a multilayer target with a submicrometer period were measured. The target consisted of 176-nm-thick nickel as radiators and 221-nm-thick carbon as spacers alternately stacked on a SiN membrane. The target was bombarded by 15-MeV electrons, and the angular dependence of the resulting x-ray spectra was measured. The spectra had a clear single peak at energies from 2 to 4 keV depending on the observation angle. The spectral dependence on the incident angle of the electron beam was also measured, and a shift of the peak energy was observed. These experimental results showed a good agreement with theoretical estimations. These results are clear evidence of single-mode resonant transition radiation.
Aggregation of Conjugated Polymers in Aromatic Solvent (2009)

Segments of conjugated polymers display the propensity to aggregate in solutions with common organic solvents. Here we revealed that the segmental aggregation of a conjugated polymer, poly(9,9-bis(2-ethylhexyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl), (PF2/6), in toluene was stabilized by the polymer-solvent complex formation through pi-pi stacking induction of solvent molecules and polymer segments. In this case, a portion of the solvent was trapped inside the aggregate domains upon bringing the system to the subambient temperatures. The residence time of these associated solvent molecules became long enough to yield a separate upfield-shifted NMR resonance. The line-shape of this resonance revealed alignment of the polymer segments in the aggregates. A portion of the solvent was frozen in the compact structure due to the formation of strong polymer-solvent complex.
Comprehensive Characterization of Hybrid Junctions Comprised of a Porphyrin Monolayer Sandwiched Between a Coinage Metal Overlayer and a Si(100) Substrate (2008)

The promise of molecular electronics has stimulated a variety of approaches for making hybrid junctions wherein molecules are sandwiched between two metal contacts or a metal and a semiconductor contact. However, the fate of molecules subsequent to deposition of a top metal contact has generally not been well characterized. Toward this goal, the interaction of evaporated Cu, Ag, and Au films deposited in varying thicknesses (3, 5, and 8 nm) on a series of monolayer-coverage porphyrins covalently attached to Si(100) substrates was investigated. Each porphyrin contains a triallyl tripod attached to the porphyrin via a p-phenylene unit, which anchors the porphyrin to the Si(100) substrate via hydrosilylation of the allyl groups. All of the porphyrins are Zn chelates bearing meso p-tolyl substituents orthogonal (lateral) to the tripodal surface anchor, but contain different substituents in the meso position opposite (distal) to the surface anchor, p-tolyl, α,α,α-trifluoro-p-tolyl, pentafluorophenyl, or p-cyanophenyl, to test the potential for the distal meso substituents to impart different characteristics to the metal/molecule/Si junction. The methods of interrogation used include ellipsometry, atomic force microscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and current−voltage measurements. The studies indicate that all of the porphyrin monolayers are robust under the conditions of metal deposition, experiencing no noticeable degradation, and that none of the distal functional groups reacts with the deposited metal, except for the nitrile group of the p-cyanophenyl-substituted porphyrin, which reacts/complexes with Cu. Neither Cu nor Ag penetrates through the monolayer to an appreciable extent to form electrically conductive filaments, whereas Au does penetrate through the porphyrin monolayer and contacts the Si substrate. Collectively, the studies provide a comprehensive assessment of the characteristics of the metal (Cu, Ag, Au)/porphyrin monolayer/Si junctions.
Lec1A Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants appear to arise from a structural alteration in N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I. (1986)

The biochemical and kinetic properties of UDP-GlcNAc:alpha-D-mannoside (GlcNAc to Man alpha 1,3) beta 1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GlcNAc-TI) have been investigated in the Chinese hamster ovary glycosylation mutant Lec1A. Previous studies showed that, whereas Lec1A cells synthesize complex carbohydrates at levels consistent with partial GlcNAc-TI action, no GlcNAc-TI activity was detected in Lec1A cell-free extracts (Stanley, P., and Chaney, W. (1985) Mol. Cell. Biol. 5, 1204-1211). It is now reported that, under altered reaction conditions, GlcNAc-TI activity can be measured in Lec1A cell extracts. The GlcNAc-TI enzyme in Lec1A.2C has a pH optimum of 7.5 (compared with 6.25 for the parental enzyme) and apparent Km values for Man5GlcNAc2Asn and UDP-GlcNAc that are, respectively, 21- and 44-fold higher than the apparent Km values of GlcNAc-TI from parental Chinese hamster ovary cells. Two independent Lec1A mutants possess GlcNAc-TI activities with similarly altered biochemical and kinetic properties. In fact, under optimal assay conditions for each cell line, the level of GlcNAc-TI in Lec1A extracts is equal to that of parental Chinese hamster ovary cell extracts. Interestingly, the two glycosylation sites of the G glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus are processed quite differently in Lec1A cells. The glycopeptide nearest the carboxyl-terminal appears to be a preferred substrate for the Lec1A GlcNAc-TI activity. The combined data suggest that the Lec1A mutation affects the gene that codes for GlcNAc-TI, giving rise to a structurally altered glycosyltransferase with different biochemical properties.
The photoluminescence from hydrogen-related species in composites of SiO2 nanoparticles (1999)

Measurements of photoluminescence (PL) from composites of silica nanoparticles (the primary particle size 7 and 15 nm) as a function of heat treatment temperature show that the PL results from hydrogen-related species and thermally produced structural defects. The PL was induced by an ArF or Nd:YAG (yttrium–aluminum–garnet) laser (λexc=193 or 266 nm). The green PL exhibits a progression with spacings of about Δν=630 cm−1 assigned to the bending vibration of ≡Si–H on the surface of particles. The spacings increase up to Δν=1200 cm−1 when ≡Si–H and nonbridging oxygen (≡Si–O•) form interfacial water species.
Compensation of amplitude imbalance and imperfect quadrature in resolver signals for PMSM drives (2009)

This paper proposes a compensation algorithm to reduce position errors due to nonideal resolver signals in vector control drive system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Resolvers are commonly used to obtain an absolute rotor position information in severe environments. However, resolver generates periodic position errors because of amplitude imbalance and imperfect quadrature between resolver output signals. As a result, the d- and q-axis currents of the synchronous reference frame have ripples of twice the stator fundamental frequency in PMSM drives. In this paper, the compensation algorithm is proposed to reduce the position errors caused by the amplitude imbalance and imperfect quadrature, respectively. Moreover, this is implemented in the vector control drive system of PMSM. The proposed algorithm does not require any additional hardware and needs a few computation times to implement it. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
A hybrid control design for stabilisation of nonlinear systems from the null controllable region* (2021)

The present paper addresses the problem of designing a controller to enable stabilisation from the entire null controllable region (NCR) – the set of states from where stabilisation is possible). A recently developed approach for the numerical construction of the NCR is utilised, and first, the validity of the use of the NCR as a constrained control Lyapunov function (CCLF) is established. The analysis reveals the ability of a CCLF-based control design to drive the system to an equilibrium manifold. The CCLF-based control design is then utilised within a hybrid control framework that guarantees the ability to stabilise to the origin. Simulation results are used to illustrate the implementation of the control design.
Digital audio tape for data storage (1989)

The characteristics of digital audio tape (DAT) that make it the medium of choice for back-up memory, namely, gigabit capacity, high data density, and high data reliability, are described by the author. These properties make DAT useful for software distribution, data interchange, and file retrieval. The development of DAT, a spin-off from high-fidelity recording, is examined. Avoiding, preventing, and correcting errors, which are especially important in DAT because its high bit density means that even a small defect in the tape can affect many bits, is discussed. Problems posed by the acceleration and deceleration of fast searching are considered. The future potential of DAT technology is assessed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigation of the polysilicon p-i-n diode and diode string as a process compatible and portable ESD protection device (2012)

The polysilicon p-i-n diode displays noticeable process compatibility and portability in advanced technologies as an electrostatic-discharge (ESD) protection device. This paper presents the reverse breakdown, current leakage and capacitance characteristics of fabricated polysilicon p-i-n diodes. To evaluate the ESD robustness, the forward and reverse TLP I–V characteristics were measured. The polysilicon p-i-n diode string was also investigated to further reduce capacitance and fulfill the requirements of tunable cut-in or reverse breakdown voltage. Finally, to explain the effects of the device parameters, we analyze and discuss the inherent properties of polysilicon p-i-n diodes.
CV-SLAM: a new ceiling vision-based SLAM technique (2005)

We propose a fast and robust CV-SLAM (ceiling vision-based simultaneous localization and mapping) technique using a single ceiling vision sensor. The proposed algorithm is suitable for system that demands very high localization accuracy such as an intelligent robot vacuum cleaner. A single camera looking upward direction (called ceiling vision system) is mounted on the robot, and salient image features are detected and tracked through the image sequence. Compared with the conventional frontal view systems, the ceiling vision has advantage in tracking, since it involves only rotation and affine transform without scale change. And, in this paper, we solve the rotation and affine transform problems using 3D gradient orientation estimation method and multi-view description of landmarks. By applying these methods to the solution for data association, we can reconstruct the 3D landmark map in real-time through the extend Kalman filter based SLAM framework. Furthermore, relocation problem is solved efficiently by using a wide base line matching between the reconstructed 3D map and a 2D ceiling image. Experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and robustness of the proposed algorithm in real environments.
Basic and clinical immunology (1997)

Anatomy and Cells of the Immune System. Innate Immunity I: Physical and Humoral Protection. Innate Immunity II: Cellular Mechanisms. Acquired Immunity: Antigen Receptors. The Human Leukocyte Antigens. Cellular Immune Responses: Macrophages, Dendritic Cells and B Lymphocytes.Cellular Immune Responses: T Lymphocytes, Antigen Presentation and Natural Killer Cells. The Immune Response to Microbes: an Overview. Tolerance and Mechanisms of Autoimmunity. Hypersensitivity Reactions and Clinical Allergy. Transplantation. Rheumatic Diseases. Endocrine Autoimmune Disease. Liver Diseases. Gastrointestinal Diseases. Immune-Mediated Nephritis and Vasculitis. Immune-Mediated Skin Disease. Immune-Mediated Diseases of the Nervous System and Eye. Immunodeficiency. Human Immunodeficiency Virus and AIDS. Immunological Manifestations of Haematological Disease. Immune-Based Therapies. Immunisation Appendices: Commonly Encountered CD Molecules. Major Cytokines, Cells Releasing Them, Targets and Functions. List of Class II Human Leukocyte Antigen Alleles. Abbreviations Used for Amino Acids
Infant feeding and obesity risk in the child. (2012)

Early nutrition in infancy may influence later child health outcomes including overweight through 'programming'. Systematic reviews suggest that breastfeeding is associated with a modest reduction in the risk of later overweight and obesity. This commentary explores some of these mechanisms behind this association. Generally breastfed infants are leaner than artificially (formula)-fed infants and behavioural and hormonal mechanisms may explain this difference. The theory is that a high nutrient diet in infancy adversely programs the principal components of the metabolic syndrome in the child (body mass index, blood pressure and blood lipids) by promoting growth acceleration, whereas slower growth benefits later cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Artificial-feeding stimulates a higher postnatal growth velocity with the adiposity rebound occurring earlier in those children who have greater fatness later, whereas breastfeeding has been shown to promote slower growth. The adverse long-term effects of early growth acceleration emerge as fundamental in later overweight and obesity. The higher protein content of artificial baby milk compared to the lower protein content in breastmilk is responsible for the increased growth rate and adiposity during the influential period of infancy of formula-fed infants. Breastfeeding, on the other hand, has a protective effect on child overweight and obesity by inducing lower plasma insulin levels, thereby decreasing fat storage and preventing excessive early adipocyte development. Plausible biological mechanisms underlying the protective effect of breastfeeding against obesity are based on the unique composition of human milk and the metabolic and physiological responses to human milk.
Synthesis, Reactivity and 13C-NMR of 1H-Pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine Derivatives (1999)

The synthesis of various 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-clpyridines was reported.3-
Progressive color block coding of bilevel scanned documents (2002)

Some preliminary results are presented on a simple progressive code for scanned 300 dpi documents. The effectiveness of the standard CCITT codes as a function of document resolution is determined. Extensions to the technique of document resolution are examined. For higher-resolution scanning, e.g. 300 dpi, a pyramid of the information source which allows for a tradeoff between the compression achieved and the quality of the representation is proposed. A progressive code that first generates a color block image that may be useful for identification of the document is proposed. Progression in quality corresponds to 100 dpi binary images, 100 dpi gray scale images, 300 dpi binary images, and finally 300 dpi gray-scale images. Each stage in the progressive code is based on the data available at the previous stage. The performance of the progressive code is examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Simple Method for Generation of Diazocompounds in an Aqueous Two-Phase System (1978)

Abstract Decomposition of tosylhydrazones of carbonyls in a basic medium is one of the most important methods for synthesis of diazocompounds (Bamford-Stevens reaction)1. This reaction with arylaldehyde, arylalkyl- and diaryl ketone tosylhydrazones is usually carried out in the presence of sodium alkoxides in alcohols, glycols, their ethers or in pyridine. Diazocompounds stabilized by electron withdrawing groups can be generated under milder conditions (diluted aq NaOH solutions or basic Al2O3). The standard conditions of the Bamford-Stevens reaction are not suitable for the synthesis of diazoalkanes derived from aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.
Substrate specificity and mode of action of the cellulases from the thermophilic fungus <i>Thermoascus aurantiacus</i> (1981)

The substrate specificities of three cellulases and a beta-glucosidase purified from Thermoascus aurantiacus were examined. All three cellulases partially degraded native cellulose. Cellulase I, but not cellulase II and cellulase III, readily hydrolyzed the mixed beta-1,3; beta-1,6-polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl-pachyman, yeast glucan and laminarin. Both cellulase I and the beta-glucosidase degraded xylan, and it is proposed that the xylanase activity is an inherent feature of these two enzymes. Lichenin (beta-1,4; beta-1,3) was degraded by all three cellulases. Cellulase II cannot degrade carboxymethyl-cellulose, and with filter paper as substrate the end product was cellobiose, which indicates that cellulase II is an exo-beta-1,4-glucan cellobiosylhydrolase. Degradation of cellulose (filter paper) can be catalysed independently by each of the three cellulases; there was no synergistic effect between any of the cellulases, and cellobiose was the principal product of degradation. The mode of action of one cellulase (cellulase III) was examined by using reduced cellulodextrins. The central linkages of the cellulodextrins were the preferred points of cleavage, which, with the rapid decrease in viscosity of carboxymethyl-cellulose, confirmed that cellulase III was an endocellulase. The rate of hydrolysis increased with chain length of the reduced cellulodextrins, and these kinetic data indicated that the specificity region of cellulase III was five or six glucose units in length.
An empirical study of packet voice distribution over a campus-wide network (2002)

Support for digital audio and video streams (continuous media) in desktop computers is increasingly widespread and hence the demand for high-quality network distribution of continuous media streams is growing. While current local area and campus-wide networks have high-bandwidth links and powerful routers, the delay sensitivities of continuous media streams pose a challenge. Our paper provides an empirical investigation of the feasibility of transmitting real-time packet streams across a large extant campus network, the University of Virginia campus network. This network is representative of contemporary large enterprise networks consisting of Ethernet segments connected by high-performance routers to high-speed back-bones, e.g., FDDI rings. We focus on interactive packet voice. Delay and loss measurements are obtained for packet voice streams transmitted over three paths through the network. These measurements are used to examine the voice protocol parameters for this environment, including a novel retransmission-based error control proposed by Dempsey (1994).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
mRNA Display Selection of a High-Affinity, Modification-Specific Phospho-IκBα-Binding Fibronectin (2008)

The complexity of the human proteome is greatly expanded by post-translational modifications. New tools capable of recognizing these modifications in a sequence-specific fashion provide a route to purify these modified proteins, to alter protein trafficking, and to visualize signal transduction in real time. Here, we have evolved novel, modification-specific ligands that target phosphorylated IkappaBalpha. To do this, we employed mRNA display-based in vitro selection using a 30-trillion-member protein library based on the fibronectin type III domain. The selection yielded one fibronectin molecule, 10C17C25, that binds a phospho-IkappaBalpha peptide with K d = 18 nM and is over 1000-fold specific compared to the nonphosphorylated peptide. 10C17C25 specifically recognizes endogenous phosphorylated IkappaBalpha from mammalian cell extract and stabilizes phospho-IkappaBalpha in vivo. We also incorporated 10C17C25 into a FRET indicator that detects IkappaB kinase (IKK) activity in vitro, demonstrating the utility of selecting designed adaptors for kinase activity sensors.
Sharing experience and knowledge with wearable computers (2004)

Wearable computer have mostly been looked on when used in isolation. But the wearable computer with Internet con-nection is a good tool for communication and for sharing knowledge and experience with other people. The unobtru-siveness of this type of equipment makes it easy to com-municate at most type of locations and contexts. The wear-able computer makes it easy to be a mediator of other people knowledge and becoming a knowledgeable user. This paper describes the experience gained from testing the wearable computer as a communication tool and being the knowledge-able user on different fairs.