gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamical Simulation Based on Piecewise Model of Passenger Compartment Temperature Considering External Environment, Passengers and Air Conditioning-Verification by Experiments (2007)

The objective of this paper is to discuss the temperature environment model of automobile's passenger compartments for the analysis of comfortableness and the design of air-conditioning control. To consider the comfortableness, it is necessary to model the distribution of the temperature since almost all the people do not feel the uniform temperature environment to be comfortable. In this paper, we construct the dynamical model of the temperature environment by piecewise modeling technique in which the passenger compartment is divided into plural areas to consider the temperature distribution. And then we verify the performance of the model by comparing the simulation results of the model with experimental results.
Cardiac surgery for the adolescent with univentricular heart. (1986)

Univentricular heart is a complex congenital anomaly with an extremely dismal prognosis. Left untreated the majority of patients will die in infancy. This poor outlook has prompted an aggressive surgical approach consisting of early palliation followed by eventual complete repair. The initial palliative efforts are aimed at providing adequate arterial oxygen saturation and normalizing pulmonary artery pressure. Infants with severe cyanosis due to diminished pulmonary blood flow are best treated with a systemic to pulmonary artery shunt. Those with excessive pulmonary flow and hypertension must be banded early to prevent pulmonary vascular occlusive disease. Most patients who are properly palliated will become acceptable candidates for an eventual corrective procedure. For the majority, this will be a direct atriopulmonary connection, known as the Fontan procedure. In this operation, systemic venous blood is routed directly to the pulmonary artery, excluding the ventricular mass. Although not corrective in the usual sense, this procedure provides normal arterial saturation without ventricular volume overload. A small group of patients with univentricular heart may best be treated by partitioning the ventricular chamber into 2 halves. Septation procedures, however, carry a high operative mortality and are likely to result in complete heart block. These surgical options, when properly selected and timed, have improved the outlook for many children with univentricular heart.
Anytime algorithm for agent-mediated merchant information gathering (2000)

Merchant information gathering is an important stage for the online retail commerce. However, due to the uncertainty of information in the chaos Internet environment, the timeliness during the trading and the quality of the results are hard to achieve. To solve this problem, a trade-off between the quality and searching time should be considered. In this paper, we present an agent-mediated shopping architecture at first and then propose an anytime algorithm to improve its performance during the merchant information gathering. The algorithm can effectively optimise the tradeoff between time and quality under uncertainty. Its main features include: (1) the trade agent can learn from its experience based on fuzzy sets to discover the optimal vendors;
Intramolecular aromatic substitution in transition metal complexes (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleIntramolecular aromatic substitution in transition metal complexesGeorge W. ParshallCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1970, 3, 4, 139–144Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50028a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50028a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1522Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Catalyzed Soot Filters in Close Coupled Position for Passenger Vehicles (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recently, catalyzed soot filters (CSF) for passenger vehicles have been introduced into the marketplace to comply with the European environmental requirements and future emission standards. The initial system consisted of one or two diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) to meet the regulated HC and CO standards along with an under floor CSF to treat the particulate emissions. In order to meet the cold start requirements and to reduce system costs with a CSF only unit, converters are placed closer to the engine to minimize heat losses and more of the DOC functionality is integrated into the filter substrate.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This work describes the development of such DOC-integrated CSF systems. One major challenge in the design of such systems is to ensure that there is sufficient catalyst functionality within the wall-flow substrate while maintaining an acceptable exhaust gas backpressure across the filter. It will also be demonstrated that specific catalyst and precious metal design architecture in conjunction with appropriate filter substrate selection leads to advanced CSF systems that can withstand the durability requirements of a soot filter environment after multiple soot regenerations. Aspects of soot accumulation and regeneration and its impact on system performance will be discussed as well.</div>
Empathy in psychosocial intervention: a theoretical overview (2015)

Empathy is a concept that is found in the lexicon of many of the ‘helping professions’ be it medicine, nursing, education or social work to name a few. It is a key element that determines professional competence and considered necessary for effective relationship based practice. Almost all training programs within the helping professions strive to incorporate this ability within the skills repertoire of budding professionals.<br/>Empathy is not a new concept in practice and reference to it can be traced to the writings of early case workers. It has been considered to be vital in building trust and developing a relationship that will foster growth and change (Pinderhughes, 1979). Carl Roger’s person centred approach envisages empathy to be one of the core conditions of the positive, purposeful and professional relationship that practitioners strive to establish with clients.<br/><br/>Empathy enables one to see external events through the client’s eye lens and thus provides a near accurate subjective perception of distressful environmental stressors and the realities of the client’s life situation. This is important to understand how oppression is experienced by the ‘other’ if one wants to help alleviate distress. Key tasks of capacity building, resource mobilisation and conscientization would only be possible if the practitioner has a near-accurate perception of the client’s life scenario. While empathy is certainly a virtue in helping, there are also dangers associated with boundary cross over, an issue that practitioners need to be cautious about.<br/><br/>This paper looks at the nature, structure and types of empathy and examines its importance in psychosocial intervention. It explores its links with establishing rapport with clients, to resilience, social justice and empowerment; concepts which are of central concern to a psychosocial approach. Finally it discusses barriers in the manifestation of empathy and its relationship to compassion fatigue and burnout.
Serial Correlation and the Combination of Forecasts (1988)

It is shown that regression-based methods of forecast combination lead to serially correlated combined prediction errors. The form of the serial correlation is characterized, and specification, estimation, and prediction are treated. A fully optimal combined predictor, which exploits the serial correlation, is developed and compared with existing regression-based methods in a numerical example, leading to decreases in mean squared prediction error.
A Novel Pathway for O-Polysaccharide Biosynthesis in Salmonella enterica Serovar Borreze (1996)

The plasmid-encoded gene cluster for O:54 O-polysaccharide synthesis in Salmonella enterica serovar Borreze (rfbO:54) contains three genes that direct synthesis of a ManNAc homopolymer with alternating beta1,3 and beta1,4 linkages. In Escherichia coli K-12, RfbAO:54 adds the first ManNAc residue to the Rfe (UDP-GlcpNAc::undecaprenylphosphate GlcpNAc-1-phosphate transferase)- modified lipopolysaccharide core. Hydrophobic cluster analysis of RfbAO:54 indicates this protein belongs to the ExoU family of nonprocessive beta-glycosyltransferases. Two putative catalytic residues and a potential substrate-binding motif were identified in RfbAO:54. Topological analysis of RfbBO:54 predicts four transmembrane domains and a large central cytoplasmic domain. The latter shares homology with a similar domain in the processive beta-glycosyltransferases Cps3S of Streptococcus pneumoniae and HasA of Streptococcus pyogenes. Hydrophobic cluster analysis of RfbBO:54 and Cps3S indicates both possess the structural features characteristic of the HasA family of processive beta-glycosyltransferases. Four potential catalytic residues and a putative substrate-binding motif were identified in RfbBO:54. In Deltarfb E. coli K-12, RfbAO:54 and RfbBO:54 direct synthesis of smooth O:54 lipopolysaccharide, indicating that this O-polysaccharide involves a novel pathway for O-antigen transport. Based on sequence and structural conservation, 15 new ExoU-related and 17 new HasA-related transferases were identified.
Forces on a sphere accelerating in a viscous fluid (1964)

A detailed equation is proposed for the force exerted on a sphere that accelerates rectilinearly in an otherwise still fluid. In addition to the buoyant force, the fluid exerts forces that depend on ( a ) the velocity of the sphere, ( b ) the acceleration of the sphere and ( c ) the history of the motion. The equation reduces to the known theoretical solution for low velocity and large acceleration. The proposed equation was tested and found most satisfactory for a particular case in which the velocity was not small, viz. the case of simple harmonic motion along a straight line. The acceleration (added mass) and history coefficients in the equation were evaluated experimentally. They were found to depend on the ratio of the convective acceleration to the local acceleration as measured by the parameter V 2 / aD , in which V , a and D are the velocity, acceleration and diameter of the sphere, respectively. The Reynolds numbers varied from 0 to 62 during the tests.
Multi-factor authentication using threshold cryptography (2016)

Multi-Factor Authentication is used as a foolproof solution to various issues involved in present day critical authentication systems. However, it comes with the overhead of employing multiple authentication programs to complete the process. Moreover, current multi-factor authentication schemes require all intermediate One Time Passwords(OTPs) to be stored for the lifetime of the authentication process. They also involve security risks whenever an authentication process requires the user's password at a public place like a Point-of-Sale terminal or an open ATM booth. This work proposes a more secure, efficient, convenient and flexible multi-factor authentication technique using threshold cryptography.
Survival of leukemic B cells promoted by engagement of the antigen receptor (2001)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable leukemia characterized by the slow but progressive accumulation of cells in a CD5+ B-cell clone. Like the nonmalignant counterparts, B-1 cells, CLL cells often express surface immunoglobulin with the capacity to bind autologous structures. Previously there has been no established link between antigen-receptor binding and inhibition of apoptosis in CLL. In this work, using primary CLL cells from untreated patients with this disease, it is demonstrated that engagement of surface IgM elicits a powerful survival program. The response includes inhibition of caspase activity, activation of NF-kappaB, and expression of mcl-1, bcl-2, and bfl-1 in the tumor cells. Blocking phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), a critical mediator of signals through the antigen receptor, completely abrogated mcl-1 induction and impaired survival in the stimulated cells. These data support the contention that CLL cell survival is promoted by antigen for which the malignant clone has affinity, and suggest that pharmacologic interference with antigen-receptor-derived signals has potential for therapy in patients with CLL.
<title>Graphical user interface for single-pixel spectroscopy</title> (2000)

ABSTRACT Digital imaging spectroscopy (DIS) combines image processing and optical spectroscopy such that each picture element(pixel) or group of pixels in a two dimensional scene also includes additional dimension(s) of spectral and/or temporalinformation. Imaging spectrophotometers developed at KAIROS are literally equivalent to hundreds of thousands ofconventional spectrophotometers running in parallel, i.e., each pixel is functionally equivalent to a single 'instrument'.Because of the amount of data acquired by this massively parallel technique  often in the gigabyte range for a single experiment  it was necessary to develop a new generation of graphical tools for data analysis and display. A unifying themein our software development is the use of multispectral color contour plots to concisely represent data from a variety ofdifferent imaging experiments. Typically, the rows of a color contour plot represent encoded information for individualpixels. The columns of a contour plot represent the values of the variable that are being measured: absorbance, reflectance,fluorescence, FRET, or time course (kinetic) data. Contour plots are very powerful for classifying pixels with similarproperties; therefore, these areas within the image can be 'back-painted' with a specific pseudocolor. Numerous sortingalgorithms can be applied to the contour plot to map spectral and kinetic information back onto the spatial representation inrun-time. Guided by the heuristics of parameters input by the user, the application of sorting algorithms to contour plotsresults in a near optimal interface between machine and human intelligence for the visualization of hyperspectral and/orhypertemporal images. In addition to a general introduction to the DIS graphical user interface, we demonstrate this newtechnology on H&E stained tissue.Keywords: Imaging, spectroscopy, biotechnology, absorption, kinetics, software, algorithms, hematoxylin, eosin, H&E
Spectral–Spatial Pixel Characterization Using Gabor Filters for Hyperspectral Image Classification (2012)

This letter presents a spectral-spatial pixel characterization method for hyperspectral images. The characterization is based on textural features obtained using Gabor filters over a selected set of spectral bands. This scheme aims at improving land-use classification results, decreasing significantly the number of spectral bands needed in order to reduce the dimensionality of the task owing to an adequate description of the spatial characteristics of the image. This allows requiring less data and avoiding the curse of dimensionality. Very promising results are obtained which are similar to or better than previous classification results provided by other spectral-spatial methods but here also reducing the complexity using a reduced number of spectral bands.
Crystal structure of the sodium-potassium pump (Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase) with bound potassium and ouabain (2009)

The sodium-potassium pump (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase) is responsible for establishing Na(+) and K(+) concentration gradients across the plasma membrane and therefore plays an essential role in, for instance, generating action potentials. Cardiac glycosides, prescribed for congestive heart failure for more than 2 centuries, are efficient inhibitors of this ATPase. Here we describe a crystal structure of Na(+),K(+)-ATPase with bound ouabain, a representative cardiac glycoside, at 2.8 A resolution in a state analogous to E2.2K(+).Pi. Ouabain is deeply inserted into the transmembrane domain with the lactone ring very close to the bound K(+), in marked contrast to previous models. Due to antagonism between ouabain and K(+), the structure represents a low-affinity ouabain-bound state. Yet, most of the mutagenesis data obtained with the high-affinity state are readily explained by the present crystal structure, indicating that the binding site for ouabain is essentially the same. According to a homology model for the high affinity state, it is a closure of the binding cavity that confers a high affinity.
On fuzzy logic applications for automatic control, supervision, and fault diagnosis (1998)

The degree of vagueness of variables, process description, and automation functions is considered and is shown. Where quantitative and qualitative knowledge is available for design and information processing within automation systems. Fuzzy-rule-based systems with several levels of rules form the basis for different automation functions. Fuzzy control can be used in many ways, for normal and for special operating conditions. Experience with the design of fuzzy controllers in the basic level is summarized, as well as criteria for efficient applications. Different fuzzy control schemes are considered, including cascade, feedforward, variable structure, self-tuning, adaptive and quality control leading to hybrid classical/fuzzy control systems. It is then shown how fuzzy logic approaches can be applied to process supervision and to fault diagnosis with approximate reasoning on observed symptoms. Based on the properties of fuzzy logic approaches the contribution gives a review and classification of the potentials of fuzzy logic in process automation.
Effects of chemicals on microorganisms (1990)

55. Ferminella, J. W., et al, Responses to Invertebrate Grazing and Riparian Canopy in Three Northern Californian Coastal Streams. Freshwater Biol, 22, 445 (1989). 56. McCormick, P. V., and Stevenson, R. J., of Snail Graz ing in Algal Community Structure in Different Nutrient Environments. J. N. Am. Benthol. Soc, 8, 162 (1989). 57. Marks, J. C., and Lowe, R. L., The Independent and Interactive Effects of Snail Grazing and Nutrient Enrichment on Structuring Periphyton Communities. Hydrobiologia (Den.), 185, 9 (1989). 58. Fairchild, G. W., et al, of Nutrient (N, P, C) Enrich ment, and Depth upon Littoral Periphyton of a Softwater Lake. Hydrobiologia (Den.), 173, 69 (1989). 59. Steinman, A. D., et al, of Irradiance and Grazing on Lotie Assemblages. J. PhycoL, 25, 478 (1989). 60. Lamberti, G. A., et al, Productive Capacity of Periphyton as a Determinant of Plant-herbivore Interactions in Streams. Ecol ogy, 70, 1840 (1989). 61. Swamikannu, X., and Hoagland, K. D., of Snail Graz ing on the Diversity and Structure of a Periphyton Community in a Eutrophic Pond. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Scl, 46, 1698 (1989). 62. Power, M. E., et al, Grazing, Catfish, Fishing Birds, and At tached Algae in a Panamanian Stream. Environ. Biol. Fish., 26, 285 (1989). 63. Carrick, H. J., and Lowe, R. L., Benthic Algal Response to N and P Enrichment Along a pH Gradient. Hydrobiologia (Den.), 179, 119(1989). 64. Bushong, S. J., and Bachmann, R. W., //i situ Nutrient En richment Experiments with Periphyton in Agricultural Streams. Hydrobiologia (Den.), 178, 1 (1989). 65. Munn, M. D., et al, Factors Influencing Periphyton Growth in Agricultural Streams of Central Illinois. Hydrobiologia (Den.), 174, 89 (1989). 66. Robinson, C. T., Diatom Flora of Mink Creek, Idaho, USA. Great Basin Nat., 49, 155 (1989). 67. Bothwell, M. L., et al, Evidence of Dark Avoidance by Pho totrophic Periphytic Diatoms in Lotie Systems. J. PhycoL, 25, 85 (1985).
Frequency domain analysis of fiber bragg grating based phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion (2005)

In this paper, optical phase modulation to intensity modulation by the use of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based frequency discriminator is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. In the proposed approach, the optical carrier frequency is placed at the quadrature point of the positive or negative slope of the reflection response of the FBG. The phase modulated light reflected from the two opposite slopes will have a π phase difference, which makes bipolar operation possible in an all-optical microwave signal processor or an optical code division multiple-access system. Both the frequency and phase responses of the FBG are taken into account to build a theoretical model in a frequency domain. Phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion based on a Gaussian apodized FBG is experimentally implemented. The results confirm the theoretical analysis.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of DNA: Atom-resolved imaging, general observations and possible contrast mechanism (1991)

We have shown that it is possible to image DNA with atomic resolution using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), [R. J. Driscoll, M. G. Youngquist, and J. D. Baldeschwieler, Nature 346, 294 (1990)]. Here we describe that data together with our general observations on STM of DNA in ultrahigh vacuum. We also suggest a possible contrast mechanism for DNA imaging by STM based on wave function orthogonality requirements between a molecule and its substrate. Topographic images are presented which resolve atomic features in addition to the double helical structure and nucleotide pairs of the DNA molecule. Comparisons of experimental STM profiles and modeled contours of the van der Waals surface of A-DNA show excellent correlation. Successive scans show that the imaging is nondestructive and reproducible. For this study, double-stranded DNA was deposited on highly oriented pyrolitic graphite without coating, shadowing, or chemical modification.
A differential equation approach to swept volumes (2002)

An approach to the analysis of swept volumes is introduced. It is shown that every smooth Euclidean motion or sweep, can be identified with a first-order, linear, ordinary differential equation. This sweep differential equation provides useful insights into the topological and geometrical nature of the swept volume of an object. A certain class, autonomous sweeps, is identified by the form of the associated differential equation, and several properties of the swept volumes of the members of this class are analyzed. The results are applied to generate swept volumes for a number of objects. Implementation of the sweep differential equation approach with computer-based numerical and graphical methods is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>