gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viral hepatitis and haemophilia (1990)

Modern therapy with clotting factor concentrates has been dramatically successful in preventing and alleviating the worst effects of haemophilia. Before the mid to late 1980s, when effective methods of concentrate sterilization were introduced, such therapy was associated with a virtual certainty of transmission of viral hepatitis. Many patients who received intensive therapy before this time now have evidence of chronic and progressive liver disease, in which non-A, non-B agents are thought to be of dominant pathogenetic importance. Complex viral interactions involving both hepatotropic agents and HIV may occur in haemophiliacs, whose responses to infection may show atypical patterns. Interferon seems promising as a therapeutic agent. Vaccination against hepatitis B virus infection remains mandatory in patients without serological evidence of immunity.
Inhibitory effects of spices on growth and toxin production of toxigenic fungi (1980)

The inhibitory effects of 29 commercial powdered spices on the growth and toxin production of three species of toxigenic Aspergillus were observed by introducing these materials into culture media for mycotoxin production. Of the 29 samples tested, cloves, star anise seeds, and allspice completely inhibited the fungal growth, whereas most of the others inhibited only the toxin production. Eugenol extracted from cloves and thymol from thyme caused complete inhibition of the growth of both Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus versicolor at 0.4 mg/ml or less. At a concentration of 2 mg/ml, anethol extracted from star anise seeds inhibited the growth of all the strains.
Thermal simulation of defect localisation using Lock-In Thermography in complex and fully packaged devices (2009)

Failure analysis in complex integrated microelectronic devices is of increasing importance to improve their reliability, quality, and manufacturing yield. Nondestructive testing methods for localisation of shorts and opens in the internal circuitry are required, particularly for complex and fully packaged devices.
Knockdown of TRIM44 Inhibits the Proliferation and Invasion in Prostate Cancer Cells (2017)

Tripartite motif 44 (TRIM44), a member of the TRIM protein family, has been shown to play a role in tumor development and progression. However, the potential involvement of TRIM44 in prostate cancer has not been fully explored. Therefore, in the present study, we analyzed the expression of TRIM44 in prostate cancer and assessed the role of TRIM44 in the progression of prostate cancer. Our results showed that the expression of TRIM44 was significantly upregulated in human prostate cancer cell lines. In addition, knockdown of TRIM44 significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of prostate cancer cells in vitro, as well as attenuated the tumor growth in vivo. Mechanistic studies showed that knockdown of TRIM44 significantly reduced the levels of phosphorylated PI3K and Akt in PC-3 cells. In conclusion, this study provided evidence that knockdown of TRIM44 inhibited proliferation and invasion in prostate cancer cells, at least in part, through the inactivation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that TRIM44 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of prostate cancer.
Mapping UML models incorporating OCL constraints into object-Z (2003)

Focusing on object-oriented designs, this paper proposes a mapping for translating systems modelled in the Unified Modelling Language (UML) incorporating Object Constraint Language (OCL) constraints into formal software specifications in Object-Z. Joint treatment of semi-formal model constructs and constraints within a single translation framework and conversion tool is novel, and leads to the generation of much richer formal specifications than is otherwise possible. This paper complements previous analyses by paying particular attention to the generation of complete Object-Z structures. Integration of proposals to extend the OCL to include action constraints also boosts the expressivity of the translated specifications. The main features of a tool support are described.
VDJ-Seq: Deep Sequencing Analysis of Rearranged Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Gene to Reveal Clonal Evolution Patterns of B Cell Lymphoma (2015)

Understanding tumor clonality is critical to understanding the mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and disease progression. In addition, understanding the clonal composition changes that occur within a tumor in response to certain micro-environment or treatments may lead to the design of more sophisticated and effective approaches to eradicate tumor cells. However, tracking tumor clonal sub-populations has been challenging due to the lack of distinguishable markers. To address this problem, a VDJ-seq protocol was created to trace the clonal evolution patterns of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) relapse by exploiting VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM), two unique features of B cell lymphomas. In this protocol, Next-Generation sequencing (NGS) libraries with indexing potential were constructed from amplified rearranged immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) VDJ region from pairs of primary diagnosis and relapse DLBCL samples. On average more than half million VDJ sequences per sample were obtained after sequencing, which contain both VDJ rearrangement and SHM information. In addition, customized bioinformatics pipelines were developed to fully utilize sequence information for the characterization of IgH-VDJ repertoire within these samples. Furthermore, the pipeline allows the reconstruction and comparison of the clonal architecture of individual tumors, which enables the examination of the clonal heterogeneity within the diagnosis tumors and deduction of clonal evolution patterns between diagnosis and relapse tumor pairs. When applying this analysis to several diagnosis-relapse pairs, we uncovered key evidence that multiple distinctive tumor evolutionary patterns could lead to DLBCL relapse. Additionally, this approach can be expanded into other clinical aspects, such as identification of minimal residual disease, monitoring relapse progress and treatment response, and investigation of immune repertoires in non-lymphoma contexts.
Linking perceived value and loyalty in location‐based mobile services (2005)

Purpose To analyze the direct effect of perceived value dimensions (monetary, convenience, social, emotional, conditional and epistemic value) on attitudinal and behavioral components of loyalty: commitment and behavioral intentions to use location‐based mobile services. Design/methodology/approach An online survey for users of a mobile location‐based directory service “Where is the nearest?” Findings The behavioral intentions were most influenced by conditional value; the context, in which the service is used, followed closely by commitment and to some extent monetary value. Commitment can be enhanced through building emotional value and conditional value by focusing on offering fun service experiences in the right context. The influence of social and epistemic value was not significant. Research limitations/implications Further research is encouraged on the relative importance of the value dimensions' influence on loyalty in global markets. Practical implications The minor influence of monetary value as well as the high influence of conditional value implies that the one‐dimensional value measures are not applicable in a mobile context where decisions are often made spontaneously and based on situational needs. Effective marketing strategies need to take into account the contextual use and emphasize either convenience or emotional value. Originality/value The paper introduces new context relevant concepts and develops a multidimensional perceived value and loyalty model. Results give practical implications on how to increase awareness of location‐based services (LBS) in a way that gives a realistic picture of how LBS create value for customers.
An azimuth‐invariant source array (2001)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001An azimuth‐invariant source arrayAuthors: Jon‐Fredrik HopperstadJohan‐Fredrik SynnevågPeter VermeerJon‐Fredrik HopperstadWesternGeco, Johan‐Fredrik SynnevågWesternGeco, and Peter VermeerWesternGecohttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816668 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816668FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByImplementation of marine seismic source wavefields in finite-difference methods using wavefield injectionKjetil E. Haavik, Espen Birger Raknes, and Martin Landrø12 July 2016 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 81, No. 5Signal and noise in a shallow-water ocean-bottom cable surveyDavid F. Halliday, Robert Laws, and Mikael Garden19 August 2015Where is the center of a multi‐depth marine source array?Jon‐Fredrik Hopperstad, Robert Laws, and Ed Kragh15 December 2008 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2001ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2001 Pages: 2135 publication data© 2001 Copyright © 2001 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Jon‐Fredrik Hopperstad, Johan‐Fredrik Synnevåg, and Peter Vermeer, (2001), "An azimuth‐invariant source array," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 52-55. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816668 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Partial Synthesis of Isodelphinine and Penduline (1984)

Formal total syntheses of isodelphinine (3) and penduline (50) was achieved. Isodelphonine (19), an alkamine of 3, was synthesized by the following two routes from chasmanine (1), which had already been synthesized by Wiesner et al. Des-N-ethyl-diacetylchasmanine (8) was derived from 1 by the known method, and des-N-ethyl-N-formyl-14-acetyl-8, 15-epoxychasmanine (12) was synthesized via intermediates, des-N-ethyl-N-formyl-diacetylchasmanine (9) and des-N-ethyl-N-formyl-8, 15-dehydro-14-acetylchasmanine (10). Des-N-ethyl-N-formyl-14-acetyl-15-hydroxychasmanine (16) was obtained by epoxy-ring opening reaction of 12. LiAIH4 reduction of 16 gave rise to 15-epi-isodelphonine (17), whose structure was confirmed by X-ray analysis, so that the introduced C15-OH group of 16 was β configuration. In order to invert this C15-OH group, oxidation-reduction procedure was used. Des-N-methyl-N-formyl-14-acetyl-15-dehydroisodelphonine (18) was obtained by Swern's oxidation of 16. LiAIH4 reduction of 18 gave rise to isodelphonine (19) and 15-epi-isodelphonine (17). Thus we have succeeded in the introduction of 15-α-hydroxy group into chasmanine (1). The improved route to isodelphonine (19) was also studied. Compound (8) was methylated to give des-N-ethyl-N-methyl-diacetylchasmanine (42). Pyrolysis of 42 gave des-N-ethyl-N-methyl-8, 15-dehydro-14-acetylchasmanine (43), which was oxidized with OsO4 to give 14-acetyl-15-epi-isodelphonine (44). Compound (44) was also oxidized by Swern's method to give 14-acetyl-15-dehydro-isodelphonine (45). Reduction of 45 with LiAl (OCH3)3H at -70°C gave rise to isodelphonine (19) exclusively. And then, isodelphinine (3) was derived from isodelphonine (19) via intermediates, 14-benzoylisodelphonine (46), 14-benzoyl-15-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-isodelphonine (48) and 8-acetyl-14-benzoyl-15-trichloroethoxycarbonyl-isodelphonine (49). Penduline (50) was also synthesized from chasmanine (1) by use of the latter method.
Involvement of MIIC-Like Late Endosomes in B Cell Receptor-Mediated Antigen Processing in Murine B Cells (1999)

Currently, the involvement of classical vs novel endocytic compartments in the phenomenon of B cell receptor (BCR)-mediated Ag processing is a matter of considerable debate. In murine B cells, class II vesicles (CIIV) represent a novel endocytic compartment involved in BCR-mediated Ag processing and class II peptide loading. Alternatively, in human B cells, the MHC class II-enriched compartment (MIIC) represents a lysosome (L)-like endocytic compartment that appears to be involved in this process. Presently, the relationship between CIIV, MIIC, and classical endosomes and L remains to be determined. Using density gradient centrifugation, a subcellular compartment morphologically and immunologically similar to human MIIC has been identified, isolated, and characterized in murine B cells. These MIIC-like vesicles represent a population of class II-positive late endosomes (LE) and are distinct from CIIV. MIIC-like LE are uniquely marked by the thiol protease cathepsin B, and along with mature L, appear to be the major repository of DM molecules in these cells. Importantly, both MIIC-like LE and CIIV isolated from Ag-pulsed B cells contain BCR-internalized Ag as well as antigenic peptide-class II complexes.
Tropism of human cytomegalovirus for endothelial cells is determined by a post-entry step dependent on efficient translocation to the nucleus (2000)

Marked interstrain differences in the endothelial cell (EC) tropism of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) isolates have been described. This study aimed to define the step during the replicative cycle of HCMV that determines this phenotype. The infection efficiency of various HCMV strains in EC versus fibroblasts was quantified by immunodetection of immediate early (IE), early and late viral antigens. Adsorption and penetration were analysed by radiolabelled virus binding assays and competitive HCMV-DNA-PCR. The translocation of penetrated viral DNA to the nucleus of infected cells was quantified by competitive HCMV-DNA-PCR in pure nuclear fractions. The intracytoplasmic translocation of capsids that had penetrated was followed by immunostaining of virus particles on a single particle level; this was correlated with the initiation of viral gene expression by simultaneous immunostaining of viral IE antigens. The infectivity of nonendotheliotropic HCMV strains in EC was found to be 100-1000-fold lower when compared to endotheliotropic strains. The manifestation of this phenotype at the level of IE gene expression indicated the importance of initial replication events. Surprisingly, no interstrain differences were detected during virus entry. However, dramatic interstrain differences were found regarding the nuclear translocation of penetrated viral DNA. With nonendotheliotropic strains, the content of viral DNA in the cell nucleus was 100-1000-fold lower in EC when compared to endotheliotropic strains, thereby reflecting the strain differences in IE gene expression. Simultaneous staining of viral particles and viral IE antigen revealed that interstrain differences in the transport of penetrated capsids towards the nucleus of endothelial cells determine the EC tropism of HCMV.
Impulse Based TOA Estimation Method Using Non-Periodic Transmission Pattern in LR-WPAN (2008)

Recently Task Group (TG) 4 of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.15a has been recommended a system with ranging capability in existence of multiple Simultaneous operating piconets (SOPs) as well as low-cost, low-power. According to the ranging service, coherent and non-coherent based ranging schemes using ternary code have been adopted as a standard. However it is hard to estimate an accurate time of arrival (TOA) in case of using direct sequence based TOA estimation method because pulse repetition interval (PRI) offered by TG is more limited than the maximum excess delay (MED) of channel. To mitigate inter pulse interference (IPI) problem, this paper proposes a non-coherent TOA estimation scheme using non-periodic transmission (NPT) pattern. The proposed receiver is based on a non-coherent energy detection considering with motivation of low rate wireless personal area network (LR-WPAN). TOA information is estimated via proper comparison with a prescribed threshold after the sliding correlation and search back window (SBW) process for reducing TOA error. To verify the performance of proposed ranging scheme, two distinct channel models approved by IEEE 802.15.4a TG are considered. According to the simulation results, we could conclude that the proposed scheme have performed better performance than the conventional method on the existence of multiple SOPs.
Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma: Role of a Human Retrovirus<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN1">1</xref> (1982)

Adult T-Cell Leukemia-Lymphoma: Role of a Human Retrovirus Get access Max Essex Max Essex Department of Microbiology Harvard University School of Public HealthBoston, Massachusetts 02115 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 69, Issue 4, October 1982, Pages 981–985, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/69.4.981 Published: 01 October 1982
Macroporous Ultramicroelectrodes for Improved Electroanalytical Measurements (2006)

Recent work on the preparation of highly organized macroporous electrodes and nanoporous ultramicroelectrodes has been combined and extended to elaborate macroporous ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) by template synthesis using colloidal crystals and following two different and complementary methods. On the one hand, arched porous UMEs were prepared, and on the other hand, cylindrical porous UMEs were obtained by using cavity UMEs. These macroporous UMEs have an active surface area which is up to 2 orders of magnitude higher compared to that of a classical disk UME as characterized by cyclic voltammetry. To study their analytical performance, the macroporous UMEs have been modified with a redox-active thiol and also a model bioelectrocatalytical system containing a redox mediator, a cofactor, and glucose-dehydrogenase. In both cases the electrochemical signal is amplified by up to 2 orders of magnitude, which increases significantly the analytical performance of such electrodes and therefore opens up new applications for this kind of miniaturized electrochemical system.
High-frequency spontaneous mutation of classical Vibrio cholerae to a nonmotile phenotype (1990)

The species Vibrio cholerae contains within it two biotypes, classical and El Tor, both of which are motile. Phenotypic expression of motility was unaffected by type of growth medium, salt concentration, pH, or temperature of incubation. However, seven strains of classical V. cholerae produced spontaneous nonmotile mutants at an unusually high frequency (ca. 10(-4)), while no mutants were detected for all three El Tor strains examined. No revertants of these nonmotile mutants were detected. Four independent mutants of classical strain 395 were isolated to characterize this phenomenon. By transmission electron microscopy, one of the nonmotile mutants was found to be flagellated, while the other three were found to be aflagellate. Chromosomal DNA from the mutants and parental wild-type strain 395 was examined by Southern blot analysis with, as probes, V. cholerae mutagenic prophages VcA-1 and VcA-2 and six cloned motility gene regions isolated from transposon insertion motility mutants of strains 395 and N16961 (El Tor, Inaba). The parental wild-type strain and all of the mutants exhibited the same pattern of bands when probed with VcA-1 and VcA-2 DNAs. Four of the cloned motility gene regions hybridized to the same fragments of DNA in both the wild-type and mutant isolates. However, two other probes detected a new fragment for a single aflagellate mutant. The observations that spontaneous nonmotile mutants occurred at a high frequency and that these mutants did not revert at a detectable frequency suggested that a genetic event is involved. The phenomenon appears to be limited to classical V. cholerae and may explain why classical V. cholerae is only sporadically associated with disease in the current pandemic.
BATTERY POWERED CONVERTER RUNS MULTIPLIER PHOTOTUBE (1960)

For the operation of a multiplier phototube in the absence of power, a string of Cockcroft-Walton voltage doublers powered by a battery was devised. An advantage of this battery converter is its lack of quiescent power loss, giving a more constant dynode voltage. The design of the flip-fiop circuit in the power supply is conventional except for its regulation which is done by a magnet- coupled multivibrator. Solar cells can be used to operate the tube. (D.L.C.)
Lateral growth of GaAs over W by selective liquid phase epitaxy (1988)

The GaAs/W/GaAs structures were made by selective liquid phase epitaxy which was simply explained by the diffusion-limited growth. The growth was independent of the direction of metal stripes. Using this method, a diode was fabricated and has shown good electrical characteristics.
Infra-red light modulator of ridge-type optical waveguide structure using effect of free-carrier absorption (1986)

An experimental study of optical modulation of 10.6 μm infra-red CO2 laser light using the effect of free-carrier absorption is performed. The modulator has a ridge-type optical waveguide structure having the electrodes for the carrier injection. In this modulating electrode, the tunnel MIS structure is used because it can effectively inject the minority carrier. It becomes clear that a fairly high degree of modulation up to 62% can be realised by such a structure.
Feature evolution simulations of copper seed layer deposition using atomic-level particle scattering information (1999)

One of the most important processing steps during copper metallization is the deposition of a thin yet conformal copper seed layer, often using ionized physical vapor deposition, prior to electroplating. A key need in designing this step is assuring that copper of sufficient thickness is deposited at all points within a high aspect ratio (AR) feature. In this work, we present feature evolution simulations of copper seed layer deposition, using ion reflection and neutral copper sputtering distributions calculated using molecular dynamics simulations. Independent variables in the model include neutral-ion and ion-ion flux ratios as well as substrate bias voltage. We show that trenches of AR=5 can be conformally lined with proper variation of these independent variables using a simple composition and ion energy cycling strategy. Furthermore, we show that the use of reflection and sputtering distributions obtained by molecular dynamics simulation results in qualitatively different feature shape predictions than when using isotropic (cosine) sputtering distributions with no possibility of ion reflection, with the degree of difference a function of the ion-neutral flux ratio and the ion energy.
Effect of developer molecular size on roughness of dissolution front in electron-beam resist (2004)

This article describes the generation of roughness at the dissolution front of electron-beam positive-tone resist. The effect of a developer solvent molecule on the surface roughness as well as on the dissolution rate is investigated from the viewpoint of the size of a solvent molecule. The relationship between the dissolution rate and solvent molecular size is represented by two straight lines with different slopes in a homologous series of alkyl acetate solvents. A bending point, which corresponds to a critical molecular size, exists between ethyl and propyl acetate. This indicates that the dissolution behavior is largely different between acetates that are larger or smaller than the critical molecular size. The size of a solvent molecule is the dominant factor determining the degree of surface roughness. For a solvent molecule larger than the critical molecular size, the roughness becomes large because polymer aggregates appear on the dissolution front. For a smaller solvent molecule, on the other hand, no aggregates appeared and the dissolution front is flat and smooth. The critical molecular size is about the same as the average size of voids (free volume holes) in resist films. These results indicate that the roughness strongly depends on how a solvent molecule penetrates the resist film through void regions inhomogeneously distributed in the resist polymer matrix due to polymer aggregation.