gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single‐Pot Conversion of Methane into Acetic Acid in the Absence of CO and with Vanadium Catalysts Such as Amavadine (2003)

Although its biological function is still unknown, the naturally occurring vanadium complex amavadine may be suitable for industrial applications: This compound (as well as other VIV and VV complexes with N,O and O,O ligands) are shown to act as catalysts for the direct conversion of methane into acetic acid, without requiring CO, under very mild conditions and in high yields (see scheme).
Inhibition of Glyoxalase I: The First Low-Nanomolar Tight-Binding Inhibitors (2009)

A series of rational modifications to the structure of known S-(N-aryl-N-hydroxycarbamoyl)glutathione-based glyoxalase I inhibitors culminated in the discovery of the first single-digit nanomolar inhibitor. This study makes available key information about possible means to address the issues of metabolic instability, low potency, and synthetic complexicity that have plagued the area of glyoxalase I inhibition. Knowledge garnered from this study has implications in the design of inhibitors with higher conformational definition and lower peptidic character.
Treatment of teflon to promote bondability (1962)

Abstract Various methods are reviewed whereby Teflon and other polyfluorocarbon resins can be surface treated in order to enhance their bondability with ordinary adhesives. The features of these methods are compared and some conclusions are drawn as to their relative usefulness. Particular emphasis is placed on the sodium‐naphthalene‐tetrahydrofuran treatment system and reference is made to a few military applications wherein sodium‐treated Teflon has been employed.
C-type natriuretic peptide improves growth retardation in a mouse model of cardio-facio-cutaneous syndrome (2018)

Cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome, a genetic disorder caused by germline mutations in BRAF, KRAS, MAP2K1 and MAP2K2, is characterized by growth retardation, heart defects, dysmorphic facial appearance and dermatologic abnormalities. We have previously reported that knock-in mice expressing the CFC syndrome-associated mutation, Braf Q241R, showed growth retardation because of gastrointestinal dysfunction. However, other factors associated with growth retardation, including chondrogenesis and endocrinological profile, have not been examined. Here, we show that 3- and 4-week-old BrafQ241R/+ mice have decreased body weight and length, as well as reduced growth plate width in the proximal tibiae. Furthermore, proliferative and hypertrophic chondrocyte zones of the growth plate were reduced in BrafQ241R/+ mice compared with Braf+/+ mice. Immunohistological analysis revealed that extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation was enhanced in hypertrophic chondrocytes in BrafQ241R/+ mice. In accordance with growth retardation and reduced growth plate width, decreased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were observed in BrafQ241R/+ mice at 3 and 4 weeks of age. Treatment with C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP), a stimulator of endochondral bone growth and a potent inhibitor of the FGFR3-RAF1-MEK/ERK signaling, increased body and tail lengths in Braf+/+ and BrafQ241R/+ mice. In conclusion, ERK activation in chondrocytes and low serum IGF-1/IGFBP-3 levels could be associated with the growth retardation observed in BrafQ241R/+ mice. Our data also suggest that CNP is a potential therapeutic target in CFC syndrome.
A survey of methods for recovering quadrics in triangle meshes (2002)

In a variety of practical situations such as reverse engineering of boundary representation from depth maps of scanned objects, range data analysis, model-based recognition and algebraic surface design, there is a need to recover the shape of visible surfaces of a dense 3D point set. In particular, it is desirable to identify and fit simple surfaces of known type wherever these are in reasonable agreement with the data. We are interested in the class of quadric surfaces, that is, algebraic surfaces of degree 2, instances of which are the sphere, the cylinder and the cone. A comprehensive survey of the recent work in each subtask pertaining to the extraction of quadric surfaces from triangulations is presented.
Circulating immunoglobulin-bound transforming growth factor<b>β</b>at a late tumour-bearing stage impairs antigen-specific responses of CD4<b>+</b>T cells (2002)

In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which tumour-specific CD4+ T-cell responses are impaired during tumour development, an attempt was made to identify factors which impair CD4+ T-cell responses at a late tumour-bearing stage. Plasma from mice bearing B16 melanoma for 30 days (plasma d30) showed a more profound immunosuppressive effect on the in vitro proliferation of unrelated antigen-specific CD4+ T cells in the presence of both antigen and antigen-presenting cells (APC) than plasma from naïve mice. The level of plasma transforming growth factor (TGF)- was elevated in mice bearing B16 melanoma for 30 days compared with naïve mice, and the suppressive effect of plasma d30 was partially diminished by the neutralization of TGF-. Interestingly, immunoglobulin (IgG)-bound TGF-, but not IgG-unbound TGF-, in plasma d30 was suggested to be responsible for the immunosuppressive activity. In addition, no suppressive effect of plasma d30 was observed when antigen was added as a class II peptide, thus suggesting that the impaired proliferation of CD4+ T cells in the presence of plasma d30 was due to a dysfunction of antigen uptake/processing by APC. Furthermore, dissociation between IgG and TGF- resulted in a loss of the suppressive activity of plasma d30. Taken together, these results suggest that circulating IgG-bound TGF- is, at least in part, responsible for the impaired responses of CD4+ T cells at the late tumour-bearing stage by suppressing antigen uptake/ processing by APC.
<title>Adaptive filter for mine detection and classification in side-scan sonar imagery</title> (1995)

A need exists to develop robust automatic techniques for discriminating between minelike target and clutter returns in sonar imagery. To address this need, an adaptive clutter suppression linear FIR filtering technique has been developed and applied to side scan sonar imagery data. The adaptive filtering procedure consists of four stages. First, a normalized average target signature (shape) within the filter window is computed using training set data. Second, the background clutter covariance matrix is computed by scanning the filter window over the data. Third, following substitutions of the average target signature and covariance expressions into a set of normal equations, an adaptive filter is computed which simultaneously suppresses the background clutter while preserving the peak of the average target signature. Finally, the data is filtered using the 2D adaptive range-crossrange filter. The overall mine detection processing string includes automatic gain control, data decimation, adaptive clutter filtering (ACF), 2D normalization, thresholding, exceedance clustering, limiting the number of exceedances and secondary thresholding processing blocks. The utility of the ACF processing string was demonstrated with three side scan sonar datasets. The ACF algorithm provided average probability of detection and false alarm rate performance similar to that obtained when utilizing an expert sonar operator.
A state-based availability model to shared mesh protection in MPLS-TP networks with preemption support (2012)

The emerging MPLS-TP standard defines new and important recovery requirements for networks deployed with the MPLS technology. MPLS provides several facilities to support protection, but many parameters such as holding and setup priorities as well as the amount of spare capacity must be configured in order to achieve the desired protection level. In this direction, this paper proposes a state-based availability model to help the design of shared-mesh protection schemes for packed-switched paths deployed using MPLS technology. The steady-state probabilities of failure-states in a network can be determined using the MTBF and MTTR of the physical links and other components. Based on this information, the state-based model determines the impact of each failure-state on the availability of all protected paths transported by the network. Using our model, we propose a backup resource planning algorithm that computes the minimum spare capacity required to achieve the desired availability of all protected paths, as well as the strategy for assigning priorities to the backup paths.
Deep learning for sentiment analysis (2016)

Abstract Research and industry are becoming more and more interested in finding automatically the polarised opinion of the general public regarding a specific subject. The advent of social networks has opened the possibility of having access to massive blogs , recommendations , and reviews . The challenge is to extract the polarity from these data, which is a task of opinion mining or sentiment analysis . The specific difficulties inherent in this task include issues related to subjective interpretation and linguistic phenomena that affect the polarity of words. Recently, deep learning has become a popular method of addressing this task. However, different approaches have been proposed in the literature. This article provides an overview of deep learning for sentiment analysis in order to place these approaches in context.
Highly sensitive wide range organic photodiode based on zinc phthalocyanine:C<sub>60</sub> (2016)

We report on the preparation and characterization of a highly sensitive organic photodiode for the entire visible part of the spectrum. The photodiode is based on a small molecule heterojunction layer of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPC) and fullerene C 60 and is prepared by multistep vacuum deposition technique. Investigation is performed under different illumination conditions, from spectrally broad to narrow line, cw and pulsed, to determine linearity of operation, responsivity, quantum efficiency, dark current, and detectivity. The experimental results in combination with a simple device stack favor ZnPC:C 60 as active layer in organic photodiodes, e.g., for opto‐electronic sensor systems.
Naturally occurring regulatory dendritic cells regulate murine cutaneous chronic graft-versus-host disease (2009)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is a limiting factor in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) for the treatment of leukemia and other malignancies. Relative to the process that initiates and promotes cGVHD, the regulation is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of naturally occurring regulatory dendritic cells (DC(regs)) in murine major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-compatible and multiple minor histocompatibility antigen (miHAg)-incompatible model of cGVHD in alloHSCT. DC(regs) generated from bone marrow in vitro (BM-DC(regs)) exclusively expressed CD200 receptor 3 (CD200R3), which exerted a suppressive function in the Ag-specific CD4(+) T-cell response. CD49(+)CD200R3(+) cells showed similarities in phenotype and function to BM-DC(regs), which formally distinguishes them from other leukocytes, suggesting that they are the natural counterpart of BM-DC(regs). Treatment of the recipient mice after alloHSCT with the recipient-type CD49(+)CD200R3(+) cells as well as BM-DC(regs) protected against cGVHD, and the protection was associated with the generation of Ag-specific anergic CD4(+) T cells as well as CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) from donor-derived alloreactive CD4(+)CD25(-)Foxp3(-) T cells. In addition, the depletion of CD49(+)CD200R3(+) cells before alloHSCT enhanced the progression of cGVHD. In conclusion, CD49(+)CD200R3(+) cells act as naturally occurring DC(regs) to regulate the pathogenesis of cGVHD in alloHSCT mediated through the control of the transplanted alloreactive CD4(+) T cells.
Two Monoclonal Antibodies Distinguish between Human Recombinant Interferon‐<i>α</i>5s Produced by <i>Escherichia coli</i> and by Mouse Cells (1986)

Abstract Two monoclonal antibodies against human IFN‐ α ‐one against natural leukocyte IFN‐ α and the other against recombinant human IFN‐ α 2 produced in E. coli —were prepared, and designated as HT‐1, and 104‐5‐f, respectively. These monoclonal antibodies were used to examine the antigenicities of recombinant human IFN‐ α 5s produced by E. coli and by mouse cells. The HT‐1 antibody could bind and neutralize recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 synthesized in mouse cells, but not recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 synthesized in E. coli . On the other hand, the 104‐5‐f antibody could bind and neutralize recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 synthesized in E. coli but not recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 synthesized in mouse cells. Then these monoclonal antibodies or sheep polyclonal antibody against human IFN‐ α were used to immunoprecipitate the radioactively labeled recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 synthesized either in E. coli or mouse cells, and analysed on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of NaDodSO 4 . The labeled recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 produced by mouse cells could be immunoprecipitated with the HT‐1 monoclonal antibody or sheep anti‐(human IFN‐ α ) polyclonal antibody but not with the 104‐5‐f monoclonal antibody and showed a band of Mr. 17,500 on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of NaDodSO 4 . On the other hand, the labeled recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 produced by E. coli could be immunoprecipitated with the 104‐5‐f monoclonal antibody but not with the HT‐1 monoclonal antibody and showed a band of similar Mr. on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These results indicate that the two different preparations of recombinant human IFN‐ α 5, one produced by mouse cells and the other in E. coli , have different epitopes on their molecules which are supposed to have the same primary amino acid sequence. Although the reason why these different epitopes are expressed on the two molecules is unclear, the results agree with our previous observation that recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 produced by mouse cells but not by E. coli has a slight cross reactivity on mouse cells [Fukunaga, Sokawa, and Nagata, 1984. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81 : 5086–5096]. And these results may suggest the different tertiary structure between recombinant human IFN‐ α 5 produced in E. coli and mammalian cells.
Ethanol Does Not Inhibit the Adhesive Activity ofDrosophila Neuroglian or Human L1 in DrosophilaS2 Tissue Culture Cells (1997)

Members of the L1 family of homophilic neural cell adhesion molecules are thought to play an important role in nervous system development and function. It is also suggested that L1 is a direct target of ethanol in fetal alcohol syndrome, since ethanol inhibits the aggregation of cultured cells expressing L1 (Ramanathan, R., Wilkemeyer, M. F., Mittel, B., Perides, G., and Charness, M. E. (1996) J. Cell Biol. 133, 381-390). If ethanol acts directly on the homophilic adhesive function of the L1 molecule, then inhibition of aggregation by ethanol should be observed in any cell type that expresses L1. Here we examined the effect of physiologically relevant concentrations of ethanol on the aggregation of Drosophila S2 cells that expressed either neuroglian (the Drosophila homolog of L1) or human L1. The aggregation of these S2 cells is known to be solely dependent on the homophilic interactions between L1 or neuroglian molecules. Neither cell adhesion molecule was affected when cell aggregation assays were carried out in the presence of >/=38 mM ethanol. The recruitment of membrane skeleton assembly at sites of cell-cell contact (a transmembrane signaling function of human L1) was also unaffected by the presence of ethanol. Thus the previously described inhibition of cell adhesion by ethanol in L1-expressing cells cannot be explained by a simple direct effect on the adhesive activity of L1 family members.
High Prevalence and Mapping of Pre-S Deletion in Hepatitis B Virus Carriers With Progressive Liver Diseases (2006)

Our data indicate that patients with progressive liver diseases have a higher frequency of pre-S deletion.
Adenosine A1 receptors in mammalian brain: Species differences in their interactions with agonists and antagonists (1986)

Abstract The binding of the selective ligand [ 3 H]cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) to adenosine A1 receptors was studied in brain membrane from six species; cow, rabbit, rat mouse, human, and guinea pig. Saturation analysis gave evidence for a single binding site in each species. The number of binding sites (2.6–4.7 pmol/mg protein), based on saturation analysis, was virtually identical in each species. The Kd values were, however, different; whereas rat, rabbit, and mouse A1 receptors had similar affinities (Kd=1–2 nM), the binding site in bovine tissue had three to four times greater affinity (Kd=0.59 nM). Adenosine binding sites in human and guinea pig brain had two to three times less affinity, with Kd values 3.7 and 6.6 nM, respectively, than those in rat, rabbit, and mouse brain. Examination of the binding of five agonists, the R and S diastereomers of N 6 ‐phenylisopropropyladenosine (PIA), CHA, 5′N‐ethylcarboxamido adenosine (NECA), and 2‐chloroadenosine, and of five xanthine antagonists, PACPX [1,3,dipropyl‐8‐(2‐amino‐4‐chloro)phenylxanthine], 1,3 diethyl‐8‐phenylxanthine (DPX), 8‐phenyltheophylline (8PT), 8‐parasulfophenyl‐theophylline (8PST), and theophylline, showed that across the species N 6 ‐substituted adenosine analogs showed consistent differences in rank order activity. R‐PIA ≥ CHA >S‐PIA, with the compounds being most active in bovine tissue and least active in guinea pig, showing an 18‐fold difference. In contrast, the 2‐substituted analog, 2‐chloroadenosine was most active in guinea pig and human brain membranes, and least active in rat and bovine brain. The 5′‐substituted analog NECA had similar activity in all species studied. PACPX was the most potent of the xanthines studied, being most active in bovine brain tissue and least active in guinea pig; the difference in activities was 393‐fold. The interaction of the remainder of the xanthines studied was complex. In general, the rank order of potency was PACPX > DPX=8 phenyltheophylline > 8PST >> theophylline. However, in human and rabbit brain 8PT was more active than DPX, and in guinea pig 8PT was twofold less active than DPX. In addition, in human and guinea pig brain, 8PST had comparable activities. These differences in pharmacological profiles may be attributable to differences in the adenosine systems studied as previously noted by Murphy and Snyder [Mol. Pharmacol. 22:250–257, 1982], which may in turn reflect distinct differences in A1 receptors or the presence of different subtypes of adenosine receptor in the various species. While these interspecies studies need to be extended to both A2 receptors and to coupled, i.e., adenylate cyclase, systems, they underline the need for care in choosing the mammalian species in which structure activity relationships are generated. Some caution is necessary in the use of bovine brain tissue in development programs targeted towards therapeutic entities in the adenosine A1 antagonist area.
Spherical rolling robot: a design and motion planning studies (2000)

Describes a prototype and analytical studies of a spherical rolling robot, a new design of a nonholonomic robot system. The spherical robot is driven by two remotely controlled, internally mounted rotors that induce the ball to roll and spin on a flat surface. It is tracked on the plane by an overhead camera. A mathematical model of the robot's motion was developed using the nonholonomic constraints on its motion. For a number of simple motions, it is shown experimentally that the model agrees well with the results. Methods were developed for planning feasible, minimum time and minimum energy trajectories for the robot. These methods are illustrated both by mathematical simulation and hardware experiments.
Studies on high temperature corrosion reactions involving metal oxides and sodium sulfate (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the results of studies on the reaction of metal oxides such as Cr 2 O 3 and Al 2 O 3 with Na 2 SO 4 in flowing SO 2 (g) at 1,100 and 1,200 K. Design/methodology/approach The oxides chosen for the studies were initial scaling products during the oxidation of industrial alloys and invariably are involved in hot‐corrosion reactions in the presence of molten salts. The thermo‐gravimetric studies for the system were carried out as a function of Na 2 SO 4 in the mixture. The different constituents in the reaction products were identified by XRD analysis and morphologies of the reaction products were discussed on the basis of optical metallography and scanning electron microscopic studies. The pH and conductivity of the aqueous solutions of reaction products were measured and an attempt made to functionalize these parameters with Na 2 SO 4 concentration in the mixture. Quantitative estimation of the soluble metal was carried out using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The formation of products was investigated by thermodynamic computation of free energies of the reactions and the study of relevant phase stability diagrams. Findings Looking at the complex nature of the reactions, it is difficult to generalize the conductance studies, as many complex species are liable to hydrolyze in the aqueous solution. However, the break in few curves at certain mole fraction of Na 2 SO 4 indicates the presence of soluble complex species. Originality/value The paper provides information regarding the reaction between a pertinent oxide and Na 2 SO 4 and proper identification of reaction products, useful for understanding the occurrence and importance of fluxing reactions and in the interpretation of hot corrosion mechanism and the development of new protective materials.
Bragg Interactions in Periodic Media (2025)

The interaction of electromagnetic waves of wavelength λ with periodic structures of spatial period Λ. are studied. The emphasis of the work is on Bragg interactions where λ ≃ 2/\/N and the Bragg order N takes on the values 1, 2,... . An extended coupled waves (ECW) theory is developed for the case N ≥ 2 and the results of the theory are found to compare favorably with the exact results of Floquet theory. Numerous numerical results are displayed as Brillouin diagrams for the first few Bragg orders. Moreover, explicit expressions for coupling coefficients, bandgap shifts and bandgap widths are derived for singly periodic media. Particular note is taken of phase speeding effects. The effects of multiharmonic periodicities on the control of feedback strength are investigated. It is found that with proper phasing the feedback strength becomes zero and the bandgap disappears. Coupling parameters are calculated for typical multiharmonic periodicities for the first three Bragg orders. For odd Bragg orders, inverted bandgaps and phase slowing occur when the gain or loss of the media is modulated. Also average gain or loss affects the bandgap shape and the spatial or temporal growth or decay. Absolute instabilities are observed and expressions are derived for the instability frequencies, thresholds and growth rates. Under certain conditions, instabilities occur for structures with average loss. The results for the first and second Bragg orders are archetypical of all odd and even orders respectively. Applications of the ECW theory to higher-order DFB filters involve such phenomena as transient propagation, effects of periodicity profiles and the relative coupling due to boundaries and periodicities. The calculation of higher-order DFB laser parameters shows that the mode spectrum is asymmetrically shifted and the threshold gain is greatly dependent upon the periodicity profile. Approximate threshold parameters are calculated for high and low gain and for all Bragg orders. In addition, application of the ECW theory to holographic gratings and beam propagation is made.