gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential sources of variation that influence the final moisture content of kiln-dried hardwood lumber (2004)

Excessive variability in the final moisture content (MC) of hardwood lumber may have a significant impact on secondary wood processing and final product performance. Sources of final MC variation during kiln-drying have been studied in prior research. A test examining the final MC of red oak (Quercus spp.) and yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) lumber after kiln-drying was conducted to obtain empirical knowledge ofthe effects from anatomical structures and lumber thickness. A 2 3 fixed-effects linear statistical model was used to examine MC changes and the effects that growth rate, thickness, and wood type have on MC variability of red oak and yellow-poplar 4/4 lumber during the kiln-drying process. Growth rate was comprised of fast and slow levels. Lumber thickness had thin and thick levels, and wood type had heartwood and sapwood levels. The entire experiment was duplicated to improve the inference of experimental results. Variability in the MC of red oak lumber steadily increased during kiln-drying before the equalizing treatment, and was significantly reduced after equalization. This empirical study may suggest that the equalization treatment is an important step in the kiln-drying of red oak lumber. Variability in the MC of yellow-poplar declined during the entire kiln-drying process. There was statistical evidence in the duplicate experiments that suggested that the wood type (heartwood or sapwood) had a significant effect on red oak final MC. There was no statistical evidence to suggest that the three factors studied had an effect on the final MC of yellow-poplar lumber.
Evidence that nitric oxide synthase is involved in progesterone-induced acrosomal exocytosis in mouse spermatozoa (1997)

In a recent work, we detected nitric oxide synthase (NO synthase) in the acrosome and tail of mouse and human spermatozoa by an immunofluorescence technique. Also, NO-synthase inhibitors added during sperm capacitation in vitro reduced the percentage of oocytes fertilized in vitro, suggesting a role for NO synthase in sperm function. Therefore, in the present study the effect of three NO-synthase inhibitors, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) and L-NG-nitro-arginine (NO2-arg), and of a nitric oxide donor, spermine-NONOate, on the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction of mouse sperm was examined. NO-synthase inhibitors were added at 0, 60 or 90 min during capacitation; at 120 min, mouse epididymal spermatozoa were exposed to 15 microM progesterone for another 15 min. In another set of experiments, different concentrations of spermine-NONOate were added to capacitated spermatozoa for 15 min; in these experiments, progesterone was not included. NO2-arg and L-NAME blocked progesterone-induced exocytosis regardless of the time at which these inhibitors were added. Moreover, D-NAME did not inhibit exocytosis. In contrast, spermine-NONOate stimulated the acrosomal exocytosis in vitro directly. These results provide evidence that mouse sperm NO synthase participates in the progesterone-induced acrosome reaction in vitro and that nitric oxide induces this event.
Control of a humanoid robot by a noninvasive brain–computer interface in humans (2008)

We describe a brain-computer interface for controlling a humanoid robot directly using brain signals obtained non-invasively from the scalp through electroencephalography (EEG). EEG has previously been used for tasks such as controlling a cursor and spelling a word, but it has been regarded as an unlikely candidate for more complex forms of control owing to its low signal-to-noise ratio. Here we show that by leveraging advances in robotics, an interface based on EEG can be used to command a partially autonomous humanoid robot to perform complex tasks such as walking to specific locations and picking up desired objects. Visual feedback from the robot's cameras allows the user to select arbitrary objects in the environment for pick-up and transport to chosen locations. Results from a study involving nine users indicate that a command for the robot can be selected from four possible choices in 5 s with 95% accuracy. Our results demonstrate that an EEG-based brain-computer interface can be used for sophisticated robotic interaction with the environment, involving not only navigation as in previous applications but also manipulation and transport of objects.
Mode Detection and Incremental Recognition (2004)

In this paper, ongoing research pursuing the distinction of online handwriting into textual and different drawing classes is described. In the context of natural pen-based interactions, users will seamlessly switch between such different input modes. Therefore, it is vital for pen input recognition systems to be able to distinguish between these cases, preferably in an early stage of processing. The method described in this paper is tested on data acquired in a multi-modal task setting where users are requested to specify shape and dimensions of bathrooms, using pen and speech. Mode detection in this context yields comparable outcomes to recent findings from the literature. The results presented here elaborate on these findings by examining the possibility to perform early recognition of input modes, so-called incremental recognition. To this end, PENDOWN as well as PENUP trajectories are being explored.
Real-Time Prediction of Fuel Consumption Based on Digital Map API (2019)

At present, digital maps can estimate the travel time of each trip’s route but cannot offer a fuel consumption estimation at the same time. In this paper, we develop a fuel consumption model based on the Vehicle Specific Power (VSP) distribution, which can connect the traffic condition prediction with the fuel consumption model to predict fuel consumption. First, the traffic condition forecasting and the trip time of each route can be obtained through the digital map Application Programming Interface (API). Secondly, the users need to provide the engine displacement of their vehicles to match the fuel consumption model. Then, the fuel consumption prediction application based on Android is developed to forecast the fuel consumption by using traffic prediction data. Finally, the fuel consumption provided by the On-Board Diagnostic (OBD) data is used to verify the proposed application, and the forecasting error is less than 20%.
Theoretical investigation on wideband folded dipole microwave absorber using filtering concept (2012)

A microwave absorber constructed by an array of the folded dipole with resistive loads and backed by a ground plane with distance from λ/8 to λ/4 are investigated. The admittance of a folded dipole shows that it is actually a two-port filter which is adjustable by changing the radii and the separation between the two lines of the folded dipole, and therefore can improve the bandwidth of unfolded dipole absorber. Comparing to the absorber with unfolded dipole array, the bandwidth can be broadened by 200% with unequal radii of two lines, and the thickness can be decreased by 25%. The operating frequency of the improved dipole absorber is f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 10 GHz and is constructed on substrate with dielectric constant 2.65.
Theoretical analysis and optimization of CDS signal processing method for CCD image sensors (1992)

The correlated double sampling (CDS) signal processing method used in processing of video signals from CCD image sensors is theoretically analyzed. The CDS signal processing is frequency used to remove noise, which is generated by the reset operation of the floating diffusion charge detection node, from the signal. The derived formulas for the noise power spectral density provide an invaluable insight into the choice of the circuit parameters affecting the noise spectrum. The obtained results are useful for determining the optimum cutoff frequency of the low-pass filter which precedes the sample-and-hold circuit and for finding the optimum size of the input transistor in the first amplifier stage. Once the optimum parameters are determined it is possible to find the minimum electron equivalent noise and the maximum signal-to-noise ratio achievable with this signal processing method. The validity of the derived theoretical results is confirmed by making comparisons with the experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surveillance camera scheduling (2005)

We present a surveillance system, comprising wide field-of-view (FOV) passive cameras and pan/tilt/zoom (PTZ) active cameras, which automatically captures and labels high-resolution videos of pedestrians as they move through a designated area. A wide-FOV stationary camera can track multiple pedestrians, while any PTZ active camera can capture high-quality videos of a single pedestrian at a time. We propose a multi-camera control strategy that combines information gathered by the wide-FOV cameras with weighted round-robin scheduling to guide the available PTZ cameras, such that each pedestrian is viewed by at least one active camera during their stay in the designated area.A distinctive centerpiece of our work is the exploitation of a visually and behaviorally realistic virtual environment simulator for the development and testing of surveillance systems. Our research would be more or less infeasible in the real world given the impediments to deploying and experimenting with an appropriately complex camera sensor network in a large public space the size of, say, a train station. In particular, we demonstrate our surveillance system in a virtual train station environment populated by autonomous, lifelike virtual pedestrians, wherein easily reconfigurable virtual cameras generate synthetic video feeds that emulate those generated by real surveillance cameras monitoring richly populated public spaces.
Hidden Markov Model-Based Gesture Recognition with Overlapping Hand-Head/Hand-Hand Estimated Using Kalman Filter (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a hand gesture recognition system to recognize isolated Malaysian Sign Language (MSL). The system consists of four modules: collection of input images, feature extraction, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) training, and gesture recognition. First, we apply skin segmentation procedure throughout the input frames in order to detect only skin region. Then, we proceed to feature extraction process consisting of centroids, hand distance and hand orientation collecting. Kalman Filter is used to identify the overlapping hand-head or hand-hand region. After having extracted the feature vector, the hand gesture trajectory is represented by gesture path in order to reduce system complexity. We apply Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to recognize the input gesture. The gesture to be recognized is separately scored against different states of HMMs. The model with the highest score indicates the corresponding gesture. In the experiments, we have tested our system to recognize 112 MSL, and the recognition rate is about 83%.
Pea, Pisum sativum, and its anticancer activity (2017)

<i>Pisum sativum</i> (Family: Fabaceae), as known as green pea or garden pea, has long been important in diet due to its content of fiber, protein, starch, trace elements, and many phytochemical substances. It has been shown to possess antibacterial, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antihypercholesterolemia, and antioxidant activities and also shown anticancer property. Its nonnutritive biologically active components include alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, isoflavones, phenols, phytosterols, phytic acid, protease inhibitors, saponins, and tannins. This plant is rich in apigenin, hydroxybenzoic, hydroxycinnamic, luteolin, and quercetin, all of which have been reported to contribute to its remedial properties including anticarcinogenesis property. Based on established literature on the anticancer property of <i>P. sativum</i> and possible mode of action, this review article has focused to demonstrate that <i>P. sativum</i> could be further explored for the development of anticancer treatment.
Characterization of the Functional Properties of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.3 in Human CD4+ T Lymphocytes (2007)

Previous studies have shown that central memory T (T(CM)) cells predominantly use the calcium-dependent potassium channel KCa3.1 during acute activation, whereas effector memory T (T(EM)) cells use the voltage-gated potassium channel Kv1.3. Because Kv1.3-specific pharmacological blockade selectively inhibited anti-CD3-mediated proliferation, whereas naive T cells and T(CM) cells escaped inhibition due to up-regulation of KCa3.1, this difference indicated a potential for selective targeting of the T(EM) population. We examined the effects of pharmacological Kv1.3 blockers and a dominant-negative Kv1.x construct on T cell subsets to assess the specific effects of Kv1.3 blockade. Our studies indicated both T(CM) and T(EM) CD4+ T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 were inhibited by charybdotoxin, which can block both KCa3.1 and Kv1.3, whereas margatoxin and Stichodactyla helianthus toxin, which are more selective Kv1.3 inhibitors, inhibited proliferation and IFN-gamma production only in the T(EM) subset. The addition of anti-CD28 enhanced proliferation of freshly isolated cells and rendered them refractory to S. helianthus, whereas chronically activated T(EM) cell lines appeared to be costimulation independent because Kv1.3 blockers effectively inhibited proliferation and IFN-gamma regardless of second signal. Transduction of CD4+ T cells with dominant-negative Kv1.x led to a higher expression of CCR7+ T(CM) phenotype and a corresponding depletion of T(EM). These data provide further support for Kv1.3 as a selective target of chronically activated T(EM) without compromising naive or T(CM) immune functions. Specific Kv1.3 blockers may be beneficial in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis in which T(EM) are found in the target organ.
FOCUSING CRYSTAL VON HAMOS SPECTROMETERS FOR XRF APPLICATIONS (2001)

In order to increase the energy resolution in XRF devices, it is necessary to use crystal-based spectrometers. We suggest a von Hamos scheme[1] of the spectrometer for this purpose. This type of spectrometer has the following definite advantages over other focusing schemes: high efficiency in a wide spectral range (or energy range); high spectral resolution (in our case E/ E = 50-100); simplicity: wavelength (or energy) scan is realized by a simple linear translation of a detector; the possibility to use mosaic crystals to increase efficiency without sacrificing spectral resolution; and compact size. Two von Hamos spectrometers with mica and graphite crystals (20mm radius of curvature) were designed and built. Absolute efficiency of the spectrometers was measured at a wavelength of about 2 using an Fe 55 source. The graphite crystal showed very high reflectivity (30-70 times higher than the mica crystal). An x-ray tube with Ag anode in a transmittance mode was used as an excitation source. A MOXTEK energy-dispersive PIN diode detector was used to reduce the contribution of scattered light from the sample. The spectrometers were used for XRF analysis of sulfur in oil. Experimental results, including detection limits, will be presented for these two
Oxygenation of Human Tumor Xenografts in Nude Mice by a Perfluorochemical Emulsion and Carbogen Breathing (1994)

Human solid tumors (prostate carcinomas PC-3 and DU-145, breast carcinoma MX-1, cervical carcinoma ME-180, small cell lung carcinoma SW2, and glioblastoma T98G) were grown as xenografts in nude mice. Using the Eppendorf pO2 histograph microelectrode system, the oxygen profiles of the tumors were determined while the animals breathed air or carbogen (95% O2/5% CO2), and after administration of the perfluorochemical emulsion Oxygent-CA (8 ml/kg) under air breathing and carbogen breathing conditions. Under normal air breathing with or without Oxygent-CA administration the mean oxygen tensions were between 4.9 and 9.3 mmHg and each tumor had severely hypoxic regions where the pO2 was less than 5 mmHg. The severely hypoxic regions comprised 41-71% of the oxygen tension measurements under normal air breathing conditions. Carbogen breathing alone increased the mean oxygen tensions to 10.9-23.9 mmHg. Administration of Oxygent-CA and carbogen breathing increased the mean oxygen tensions over the levels of carbogen breathing alone to varying degrees. The highest mean oxygen tensions were 40.8 mmHg in the T98G glioblastoma and 24.5 mmHg in the ME-180 cervical carcinoma. Investigation of the use of Oxygent-CA/carbogen to increase the oxygenation of clinical tumors is warranted.
Synthesis of Diastereoisomeric 1,2,3-Triphenylindans (1997)

The stereoisomers of 1,2,3-triphenylindans were synthesized via 1,2,3-triphenylindan-1-ols. The configurational assignments of all the compounds were made by chemical and spectroscopic methods. An unexpected compound was isolated as a by-product of the Grignard reactions and was identified as r -2-hydroxy-2, t -3-diphenylindan-1-one.
The reaction Li7 (OC,[gamma])B11 and states of Boron 11 (2012)

Modifications to the University of British Columbia Van de Graaff Generator have provided for the production of beams of singly-charged alpha particles. Alterations have been made to the ion source, analysing magnet, and reverse electron beam energy stabilizing system. Well-focussed beams of 10 to 15 microamps resolved of singly-charged alpha particles were available, at energies up to above 1.2 Mev. The nuclear reaction Li⁷ (∝,γ)f) B¹¹ was studied by bombarding targets of lithium metal evaporated onto copper backings. The gamma rays from the decay of states of B¹¹ were observed with NaI (Tl) scintillation counters and associated electronic equipment, including a 30 channel Marconi Pulse Amplitude Analyser. In the range of alpha particle energies available, three resonances were known for the capture of alphas by Li⁷ , forming states of B¹¹ at 9.28, 9.19 and 8.92 Mev. The decay of these states included cascades through lower excited states, in particular one at 4.46 Mev. The widths of these resonances were measured respectively as 8, 1 and <1 kev, in laboratory co-ordinates. The second of these values is significantly lower than previously reported. Measurements were also made of the yields of gamma radiation, and the angular distributions of certain gamma rays from each resonance. Experimental results and calculations have been compared with appropriate theoretical values to obtain information on the angular momenta and parity of certain of the B¹¹ states. The zero spin of the incoming alpha particles puts a useful limitation on the input channel spin. Assignments suggested by the data were as follows. For the 4.46 Mev state, 5/2⁻ ; for the 9.28 Mev state, 5/2⁺. Data for the 9.19 Mev state cannot distinguish between 3/2⁻~and 5/2⁻ , while for the 8.92 Mev state, the angular momentum would be restricted to 3/2 or 5/2 if the state was formed by the capture of p-wave alphas, but the parity was not determined. These results indicate that the states of B¹¹ are certainly more complex than the simple single-particle picture proposed by Jones and Wilkinson (1952), which is inadequate to describe the present results. Further investigation is invited.
Sur la formation des aldéhydes aromatiques par pyrodécomposition des aryloxyacétophénones (1959)

Abstract Die Aryloxyacetophenone des Typus ArOCH 2 COAr′ werden in der Hitze bei normalem Druck in Wasser, eine Säure Ar′COOH, ein Phenol ArOH und zwei Aldehyde ArCHO und Ar′CHO zersetzt; die neuen Aldehydfunktionen erscheinen an den Ringstellen, wo sich vor der Reaktion die Hydroxyl‐ und die Carbonylgruppe befanden.
A performance analysis of solar chimney thermal power systems (2011)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the solar chimney performance theoretically (techno-economic). A mathematical model was developed to estimate the following parameter: Power output, Pressure drop across the turbine, the max chimney height, Airflow temperature, and the overall efficiency of solar chimney. The mathematical model was validated with experimental data from the prototype in Manzanares power. It can be concluded that the differential pressure of collector-chimney transition section in the system, is increase with the increase of solar radiation intensity. The specific system costs are between 2000 Eur/kW and 5000 Eur/kW depending on the system size, system concept and storage size. Hence, a 50 MWe solar thermal power plant will cost 100-250 Eur million. At very good sites, today?s solar thermal power plants can generate electricity in the range of 0.15 Eur/kWh, and series production could soon bring down these costs below 0.10 Eur /kWh.
Plasmonic Nanowire Antennas: Experiment, Simulation, and Theory (2010)

Recent advances in nanolithography have allowed shifting of the resonance frequency of antennas into the optical and visible wavelength range with potential applications, for example, in single molecule spectroscopy by fluorescence and directionality enhancement of molecules. Despite such great promise, the analytical means to describe the properties of optical antennas is still lacking. As the phase velocity of currents at optical frequencies in metals is much below the speed of light, standard radio frequency (RF) antenna theory does not apply directly. For the fundamental linear wire antenna, we present an analytical description that overcomes this shortage and reveals profound differences between RF and plasmonic antennas. It is fully supported by apertureless scanning near-field optical microscope measurements and finite-difference time-domain simulations. This theory is a starting point for the development of analytical models of more complex antenna structures.
Immortalization of primary human smooth muscle cells. (1992)

Primary human aortic and myometrial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were immortalized using an amphotropic recombinant retroviral construct containing the E6 and E7 open reading frames (ORFs) of human papillomavirus type 16. The SMCs expressing the E6/E7 ORFs have considerably elevated growth rates when compared with nonimmortalized control cells and show no signs of senescence with long-term passage. The first SMC line derived in this study has been maintained in continuous tissue culture for greater than 1 year (greater than 180 population doublings). The immortalized SMCs have decreased cell size and decreased content of muscle-specific alpha-actin filaments as determined by indirect immunofluorescence. Southern blot analysis has demonstrated the stable integration of the E6/E7 ORFs in the retrovirally infected cells, and radioimmunoprecipitation has confirmed the continued expression of the E6 and E7 genes. Cytogenetic studies of the SMC lines have revealed essentially diploid populations except for the myometrial clonal line, which became aneuploid at late passage (greater than 125 doublings). These cell lines were not tumorigenic in nude mice.