gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of ZnO nanostructures for sensing and photonic device applications (2012)

Nanotechnology is an emerging inter-disciplinary paradigm which encompasses diverse fields of science and engineering converge at the nanoscale. This nanoscale science and nanostructure engineering have well demonstrated in the fabrication of sensors/transducers devices with faster response time and better sensitivity then the planer version of the sensor’s configurations. Nanotechnology is not just to grow/fabricate nanostructures by just mixing nanoscale materials together but it requires the ability to understand and to precisely manipulate and control of the developed nanomaterials in a useful way. Nanotechnology is aiding to substantially improve, even revolutionize, many technology and industry sectors like information technology, energy, environmental science, medicine/medical instrumentation, homeland security, food safety, and transportation, among many others. Such applications of nanotechnology are delivering in both expected and unexpected ways on nanotechnology’s promise to benefit the society. The semiconductor ZnO with wide band gap (~ 3.37 eV) is a distinguish and unique material and its nanostructures have attracted great attention among the researchers due to its peculiar properties such as large exciton binding energy (60 meV) at room temperature, the high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity, good transparency and easiness of fabricating it in the different type of nanostructures. Based on all these fascinating properties, ZnO have been chosen as a suitable material for the fabrication of photonic, transducers/sensors, piezoelectric, transparent and spin electronics devices etc. The objective of the current study is to highlight the recent developments in materials and techniques for electrochemical sensing and hetrostructure light emitting diodes (LEDs) luminescence properties based on the different ZnO nanostructures. The sensor devices fabricated and characterized in the work were applied to determine and monitor the real changes of the chemical or biochemical species. We have successfully demonstrated the application of our fabricated devices as primary transducers/sensors for the determination of extracellular glucose and the glucose inside the human fat cells and frog cells using the potentiometric technique. Moreover, the fabricated ZnO based nanosensors have also been applied for the selective determination of uric acid, urea and metal ions successfully. This thesis relates specifically to zinc oxide nanostructure based electrochemical sensors and photonic device (LED) applications.
Structure and significance of human luteinizing hormone-beta core fragment purified from human pituitary extracts. (1993)

A fragment of the hCG beta-subunit is present in high concentrations in the urine of pregnant women and the urine from individuals with ovarian or other cancers. The utility of immunoreactive measurement of this fragment to monitor therapy of such cancers is compromised, however, because high concentrations of the molecule are also detected in the urine of healthy postmenopausal women. It has been suggested that the latter observations may be due to a cross-reacting human (h) LH beta core fragment, presumably of pituitary origin, but no such fragment had ever been isolated. We have now isolated a hLH beta core fragment from a pituitary tissue extract. Its structure is exactly analogous to that of the hCG beta core fragment. The finding of a discrete hLH beta core fragment in a tissue extract suggests that it may be produced within pituitary tissue, rather than by a peripheral degradation process. We have also found that the same immunoaffinity method used to extract the hLH beta core fragment from the pituitary extract purified several protein fragments from postmenopausal urine, none of which was related to hLH or hCG. The availability of the pituitary hLH beta core fragment may allow development of assays that distinguish it from its hCG analog.
Solvent-Induced Controllable Synthesis, Single-Crystal to Single-Crystal Transformation and Encapsulation of Alq3 for Modulated Luminescence in (4,8)-Connected Metal–Organic Frameworks (2012)

In this work, for the first time, we have systematically demonstrated that solvent plays crucial roles in both controllable synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their structural transformation process. With solvent as the only variable, five new MOFs with different structures have been constructed, in which one MOF undergoes solvent-induced single-crystal to single-crystal (SCSC) transformation that involves not only solvent exchange but also the cleavage and formation of coordination bonds. Particularly, a significant crystallographic change has been realized through an unprecedented three-step SCSC transformation process. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the obtained MOF could be an excellent host for chromophores such as Alq3 for modulated luminescent properties.
Conical-beam horizontally polarized cross-slot-antenna (2005)

An antenna suitable for a WLAN hub is presented. The goal is to create a compact antenna with conical coverage in horizontal polarization. It is well known that a constant current loop creates such a pattern. Latest designs, which try to approximate this behavior, are relatively large in dimensions. The design presented is original in the way it uses slots to approach the constant current loop pattern. The antenna has been designed using the finite integration algorithm under CST MWS/sup /spl reg//. It has been realized successfully in the laboratory and measured. Measurement results are compared to simulation results and good agreement is found. The antenna is attractive commercially and is the subject of a patent application.
Simplified Analysis and Design of the Hydraulic Ram Pump (1996)

Hydraulic ram pumps are currently of interest because they make use of a renewable energy resource and are environmentally friendly. Ram pumps are particularly appropriate for use in the developing world as their construction is basic and robust and they are inexpensive and easy to install and maintain. Numerous attempts to analyse the complex behaviour of a ram pump system have been made in the past, but few have been successfully translated into simple design procedures and none have resulted in a general method for a ram pump of any size. The analytical approach adopted in the present paper assumes constant friction loss in the drive pipe during acceleration and concentrates on zero recoil conditions at which optimum pump performance occurs. Four simple and general design equations are derived which incorporate conservative assumptions for the critical velocity in the drive pipe and the effect of system losses. Design examples are given and design predictions compared with new and existing test results. Conclusions are drawn regarding the relevance of traditional drive pipe length–drive pipe diameter (L/D) and drive pipe length–supply head (L/H) ratios.
A self‐repairing cermet anode: Preparation and corrosion behavior of (Cu–Ni–Fe)/NiFe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>4</sub> cermet with synergistic action (2016)

Abstract In this paper, the cermet (Cu–Ni–Fe)/(NiFe 2 O 4 –10NiO) anodes were prepared through the powder metallurgy method, followed by being evaluated in the bench scale (200 A) electrolysis tests for more than 1000 hour. The results showed that the as‐prepared anodes exhibited excellent corrosion resistance with corrosion rate less than 0.99 cm/a, which satisfied the requirements of the aluminum industry. The analysis results were confirmed by SEM , EDS , and XRD . The results showed that the outstanding corrosion resistance of the anodes relied on a continuous and dense NiFe 2 O 4 film formed on the surface of the anode material, which protected the inner structure of anode material during electrolysis. Finally, a model based on the synergistic action between the metal phase and the ceramic phase was built to illustrate the forming mechanism of the NiFe 2 O 4 passivating film.
An improved analytical yield evaluation method for redundant RAM's (2002)

A new stochastic method is introduced for calculating the manufacturing field of fault-tolerant VLSI/WSI systems. This method is an improvement on a previous method based on a Markov chain. This new method gives a higher lower bound value of the field with respect to other methods based on the same assumptions. This improvement is obtained by the consideration of reconfiguration strategies based on the knowledge of the fault patterns and the redundancy levels. The proposed method is easy to use in parametric studies of the field of a chip versus redundancy level and very versatile for inclusion in CAM/CAD programming environments.
Deposition of metallic clusters on a metallic surface at zero initial kinetic energy: Evidence for implantation and site exchanges (1997)

We have investigated the deposition at zero impact kinetic energy of the Ag atom and clusters $({\mathrm{Ag}}_{7}{,\mathrm{A}\mathrm{g}}_{19})$ on the (100) and (111) surfaces of Pd by molecular-dynamics simulations performed within the embedded-atom-method scheme. Our results elucidate the role played by the adsorption energy in determining the final morphology of the cluster/substrate system when ideal nondestructive deposition conditions are implemented. While implantation of the atom is not observed, we find a finite probability of site Ag-Pd exchanges in the case of clusters. Deposition-assisted mixing occurring at the topmost surface layer appears to be correlated to the size of the cluster and the orientation of the substrate, being higher for ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{7}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}(100)$ and lower for ${\mathrm{Ag}}_{19}/\mathrm{P}\mathrm{d}(111).$ Total-energy calculations, combined with an analysis of the atomic motion, indicate that the structural transformation accompanying the deposition of the cluster provides the needed activation energy to induce the observed Ag-Pd atomic exchanges.
The photochemistry of benzylic sulfonyl compounds: The preparation of sulfones and sulfinic acids (1978)

The photolysis of benzylic sulfonyl compounds (XSO 2 CH 2 Ph) gives products which are explained in terms of the chemistry of the benzyl and sulfonyl (XSO 2 •) radicals. The synthetic applications of this photocleavage have been examined for two general cases: (i) preparation of sulfones from disulfone precursors, R 1 SO 2 CHR 2 SO 2 CH 2 Ph to R 1 SO 2 CH 2 R 2 (yields ∼ 90%); (ii) preparation of sulfinic acids and sulfonyl chlorides from mono sulfone precursors, R 3 SO 2 CH 2 Ph to R 3 SO 2 H and R 3 SO 2 Cl (yields ∼ 55%).
Microstrip-Slot Transition and Its Applications in Multilayer Microwave Circuits (2010)

This chapter has reported on a microstrip-slot transition and its application to the design of wireless vertical interconnects, phase shifters and power dividers in microstrip-slot technique. The design and analysis of operation of all these components has been accomplished using CST Microwave Studio simulator. It has been shown that the use of this transition enables an ultra wideband performance of multilayer microstrip-slot vias, phase shifters and power dividers. Prototypes of these components have been fabricated and experimentally tested. The presented experimental results have demonstrated that all of these components can be manufactured using ample microwave fabrication facilities. The measured results have confirmed a very good ultra-wideband performance, as observed in simulations. Because of small size and wideband performance the investigated components should be of considerable interest to the designers of compact ultra wideband sub-systems.
Refining and upgrading of synfuels from coal and oil shales by advanced catalytic processes. Quarterly report, October--December 1977 (1978)

A second-stage hydrocracker feed was prepared by blending hydrotreated 350/sup 0/F/sup +/ Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction (ITSL) product from Pilot Plant Run 86-75. A second-stage hydrocracking run has been in progress for about 800 hours with this feed and Chevron's commercial ICR 202 catalyst. This report gives the inspections of the second-stage hydrocracker feed; additional yield data and product properties from hydrotreating tests; and inspections of heavy ITSL distillate before and after filtration and distillation. It also includes, as an appendix, a recent paper summarizing results of the ITSL study to date. 5 references, 11 figures, 9 tables.
Detecting anomalous behavior: optimization of network traffic parameters via an evolution strategy (2002)

Detecting intrusions falls into two categories: anomaly detection and misuse detection. The former refers to the detection of abnormal behavior in the use of network services and computing resources. Misuse detection, on the other hand, relies on the identification of "well defined patterns of attack that exploit" vulnerabilities in network and computer software. Most of the commercially available intrusion detection products fall into this category. They work by "mechanically... matching known patterns of attack against monitored activity" within the packet payload only. On the other hand, some intrusion detection techniques focus on "packet header information only". Throughout academia and industry, there appears to be a lack of research in identifying probable attacks by combining the use of payload characteristics and packet header information, that is, by analyzing the entire packet. This paper addresses this void. This work poses the selection of packet information as an optimization problem for the purposes of anomaly detection. Specifically, using the characteristics of network attacks, we designed an evolution strategy (ES) that is able to detect anomalous network behavior and identify the source of the attack through the analysis of packet header and payload information. We demonstrate that evolution strategies are appropriate for those problems that require simultaneous optimization of multiple parameters in the context of network security. Preliminary results are very encouraging suggesting that network traffic can be parameterized, and, through the optimization of these parameters, evolution strategies can detect anomalous behavior in network traffic.
Lifelong localization in changing environments (2013)

Robot localization systems typically assume that the environment is static, ignoring the dynamics inherent in most real-world settings. Corresponding scenarios include households, offices, warehouses and parking lots, where the location of certain objects such as goods, furniture or cars can change over time. These changes typically lead to inconsistent observations with respect to previously learned maps and thus decrease the localization accuracy or even prevent the robot from globally localizing itself. In this paper we present a sound probabilistic approach to lifelong localization in changing environments using a combination of a Rao-Blackwellized particle filter with a hidden Markov model. By exploiting several properties of this model, we obtain a highly efficient map management approach for dynamic environments, which makes it feasible to run our algorithm online. Extensive experiments with a real robot in a dynamically changing environment demonstrate that our algorithm reliably adapts to changes in the environment and also outperforms the popular Monte-Carlo localization approach.
PLATELET MEMBRANE FLUIDITY IN ALZHEIMER??S DISEASE (1988)

ZUBENKO, G. S.; BRENNER, R. P.; COHEN, B. M.; REYNOLDS, C. F.; CHAKRAVARTI, A.; HUFF, F. J. Author Information
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Impairs Host Defense in Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2009)

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia. The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor that is expressed ubiquitously in the lungs. Engagement of RAGE leads to activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including NF-kappaB and subsequent transcription of several proinflammatory mediators. To determine the role of RAGE in the innate immune response to S. pneumoniae pneumonia, RAGE-deficient (RAGE(-/-)) and wild-type mice were intranasally inoculated with S. pneumoniae. S. pneumoniae pneumonia resulted in an up-regulation of constitutively present RAGE expression in lung tissue, especially in the interalveolar septae. RAGE(-/-) mice showed an improved survival, which was accompanied by a lower bacterial load in the lungs at 16 h and a decreased dissemination of the bacteria to blood and spleen at 16 and 48 h after inoculation. RAGE(-/-) macrophages showed an improved killing capacity of S. pneumoniae in vitro. Lung inflammation was attenuated in RAGE(-/-) mice at 48 h after inoculation, as indicated by histopathology and cytokine/chemokine levels. Neutrophil migration to the lungs was mitigated in the RAGE(-/-) mice. In addition, in RAGE(-/-) mice, activation of coagulation was diminished. Additional studies examining the effect of RAGE deficiency on the early (6-h) inflammatory response to S. pneumoniae did not reveal an early accelerated or enhanced immune response. These data suggest that RAGE plays a detrimental role in the host response to S. pneumoniae pneumonia by facilitating the bacterial growth and dissemination and concurrently enhancing the pulmonary inflammatory and procoagulant response.
Toroidal stator winding through computer controlled equipment (2002)

Stators have traditionally been wound using equipment which winds coils in small loops and then, either manually or mechanically, the loops are "pushed" into the stator slots. However a new design of stator has emerged which allows the stator to be wound like a regular toroidal core. Unfortunately regular toroidal coil winding machines are not capable of winding stators. Therefore it was necessary to develop equipment to wind these stators cost-effectively, with precision and consistent quality. The author describes this new equipment.
Paraoxonase gene polymorphisms and haplotype analysis in a stroke population (2006)

Our study did not identify a role for individual paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke. Findings of haplotype differences should be confirmed in large scale studies. The importance of using a well-validated haplotype analysis program is also underlined.
Security and Privacy in Radio-Frequency Identification Devices (2003)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems are a common and useful tool in manufac-turing, supply chain management and retail inventory control. Optical barcodes, another common automatic identification system, have been a familiar packaging feature on con-sumer items for years. Due to advances in silicon manufacturing technology, RFID costs have dropped sig-nificantly. In the near future, low-cost RFID “electronic product codes ” or “smart-labels” may be a practical replacement for optical barcodes on consumer items. Unfortunately, the universal deployment of RFID devices in consumer items may expose new security and privacy risks not present in closed manufacturing environments. This thesis presents an introduction to RFID technology, identifies several potential threats to security and privacy, and offers several practical proposals for efficient security mechanisms. We offer several policy suggestions and discuss various open questions and
Controlling enhanced transmission through metallic gratings with subwavelength slits by anisotropic waveguide resonance (2007)

We propose an analytically tractable structure for controlling enhanced transmission through a metallic grating with subwavelength slits by filling the slits with an anisotropic material such as a liquid crystal. As the director rotates, the Fabry-Pérot condition is modified and the transmission peaks shift. Analytical results of a single-mode theory for the propagation constant, transmission efficiency, and the tunable range of peak wavelengths are given, taking the finite conductivity of metal into account. Analytical results are in good agreement with those calculated by the rigorous coupled-wave analysis, indicating that waveguide resonance plays a dominant role and the results are scalable.
Design for Assembly—A Key Element within Design for Manufacture (1989)

This paper will consider design for assembly (DFA) and its role within a design for manufacture (DFM) programme, placing particular emphasis on those elements with which it has strong synergy, namely simultaneous engineering, product teams and other DFM techniques.
Growth Hormone Regulates Phosphorylation and Function of CCAAT/Enhancer-binding Protein β by Modulating Akt and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (2001)

Growth hormone (GH) regulates transcription factors associated with c-fos, including C/EBPbeta. Two forms of C/EBPbeta, liver-activating protein (LAP) and liver inhibitory protein (LIP), are dephosphorylated in GH-treated 3T3-F442A fibroblasts. GH-induced dephosphorylation of LAP and LIP is reduced when cells are preincubated with phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) inhibitors. GH activates Akt and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3). Lithium, a GSK-3 inhibitor, increases GH-dependent dephosphorylation of LAP and LIP. Both are in vitro substrates of GSK-3, suggesting that GSK-3 inactivation contributes to GH-promoted dephosphorylation of C/EBPbeta. Alkaline phosphatase increases binding of LAP homodimers and decreases binding of LIP homodimers to c-fos, suggesting that dephosphorylation of C/EBPbeta modifies their ability to bind DNA. Both alkaline phosphatase- and GH-mediated dephosphorylation comparably increase binding of endogenous LAP in 3T3-F442A cells. In cells overexpressing LAP and GSK-3, LAP binding decreases, suggesting that GSK-3-mediated phosphorylation interferes with LAP binding. Expression of constitutively active GSK-3 reduced GH-stimulated c-fos promoter activity. These studies indicate that PI3K/Akt/GSK-3 mediates signaling between GH receptor and the nucleus, promoting dephosphorylation of C/EBPbeta. Dephosphorylation increases binding of LAP complexes to the c-fos promoter and may contribute to the participation of C/EBPbeta in GH-stimulated c-fos expression.
Sensor-data-fusion for an autonomous vehicle using a Kalman-filter (2008)

This paper presents a method to estimate the system-state, especially the full position, of an autonomous vehicle using sensor data fusion of redundant position signals based on an extended Kalman-filter. The position is detected with the help of magnet sensors attached at the vehicle and a global camera signal with low resolution, similar to GPS. A lane marked with permanent magnets and an infrared camera are used for this purpose. The vehiclepsilas driving dynamics are described using a nonlinear single-track model.
Development of Monitoring and Control Precise Riveting System using Wireless Internet (2006)

With an increasing demand for a natural, intuitive man-machine interaction in automated industry, the graphical programming with PLC is attracting many applications nowadays. Today, the requirement for wireless communication environments in industry is becoming a crucial issue in the industrial process. In this paper, a PC-based virtual instrument (VI) to carry out a remote monitoring and control for a precise riveting system via the wireless Internet has been developed. A good performance was verified by the real-time implementation results, and an illustrative demonstration was presented as well