gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent advancements in sputter-type heavy negative ion sources (2003)

Significant advancements have been made in sputter-type negative ion sources which utilize (1) direct surface ionization or (2) a plasma to form the positive ion beam used to effect sputtering of samples containing the material of interest. Typically, such sources can be used to generate unstable beam intensities of a few microamperes to several milliamperes from all chemically active elements, depending on the particular source and the electron affinity of the element in question. An introduction to the fundamental processes underlying negative ion formation by sputtering from a low-work-function surface is presented. Several sources which reflect the progress made in this technology are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Formative Research to Develop a Context-Specific Approach to Informed Consent for Clinical Trials (2006)

PARTICIPANT UNDERSTANDING is of particular concern when obtaining informed consent. Recommendations for improving understanding include disclosing information using culturallyappropriate and innovative approaches. To increase the effectiveness of the consent process for a clinical trial in Malawi on interventions to prevent mother-tochild transmission of HIV during breastfeeding, formative research was conducted to explore the community's understanding of medical research as well as how to explain research through local terms and meanings. Contextual analogies and other approaches were identified to explain consent information. Guided by theory, strategies for developing culturally appropriate interventions, and recommendations from the literature, we demonstrate how the formative data were used to develop culturally appropriate counseling cards specifically for the trial in Malawi. With appropriate contextual modifications, the steps outlined here could be applied in other clinical trials conducted elsewhere, as well as in other types of research.
Ad Hoc Wireless Sensor Tomography (2006)

This paper proposes a new "tomographic" paradigm involving ad hoc wireless sensor networks that are hosted in a process vessel. The sensors, which may be numerous are, ideally, neutrally buoyant, free to move with the flow in the vessel and can determine their position in three dimensions. The challenge is to determine the distribution of materials in the vessel from local measurements on each sensor, married with a knowledge of the behaviour of an energizing field. Determination of position and selection of tomographic measurement modality will be influenced by the nature of the process. Appropriate techniques might include electrical, acoustic or optical excitation. Data might be stored by embedded processors in the sensors for subsequent, off-line, processing or alternatively might be communicated by wireless means for on-line processing. Progress to date has been informed by the results of efforts to realize process compliant 3D tomographic imaging which seeks to exploit mobile electrodes that are attached to vessel "furniture".
Calcium Regulation by Calcium Antagonists (1982)

Calcium antagonists (slow channel blockers, slow Ca2+ antagonists) are a heterogeneous group of substances with widely differing tissue specificities, potency and properties. Some of them exhibit other properties in addition to that of Ca2+ antagonism. In general these drugs can be considered as a subgroup of a much larger group of compounds which impede the entry of Ca2+ irrespective of the route of entry. The 'slow channel blockers' can be subdivided on the basis of their differing tissue specificities. The purpose of this article is to explore the possibility that a classification which is based on differing tissue specificities may reflect differing modes of action.
3D simultaneous seismic refraction and reflection tomography of wide‐angle data from the Central Chilean Margin (1999)

We present an application of three‐dimensional (3D) simultaneous seismic refraction and reflection tomography for velocity and interface structure. The inversion technique and method for developing the starting model are specifically designed for relatively sparse wide‐angle data acquired across strongly‐varying structure. The data were recorded in a region of seamount subduction on the Chilean margin and consist of seven receivers and ten intersecting airgun profiles over a 90×90 km area providing constraint to 25 km depth. The tomographic method and the final model are assessed through a comparison with the large‐scale geologic features of the margin and a resolution test. The 3D model shows the Valparaiso forearc basin, the accretionary wedge, the subducting plate, and possibly a subducted seamount. Our results show the potential of relatively sparse 3D wide‐angle data.
An advanced HF receiver design (1994)

The goal of the development of a new generation of HF radio monitoring receivers was to achieve an even higher performance at lower cost than in the past. The requirements affecting the concept are discussed and the finally elaborated architecture of the receiver is explained. The design proves that the receiver is not longer one of many parts of a system but it is the system itself.<
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Responses of Dairy Cows to Additions of Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles in Alfalfa-Based Diets (1992)

Twenty-four Holstein cows in wk 3 through 12 of lactation were used to evaluate distillers dried grains with solubles as a protein source for alfalfa-based diets. Diets were formulated containing 0, 10.1, 20.8, or 31.5% distillers dried grains with solubles. Crude protein in these diets was 13.9, 16.0, 18.1, and 20.3%. Milk yield increased linearly with increasing dietary CP, whereas DMI was not affected. Dry matter intake averaged over 4% of BW for all treatments. Intake of undegraded intake protein was .93, 1.27, 1.63, and 1.97 kg/d. Yields of milk protein, casein, and lactose all increased linearly with increasing dietary CP. The proportion of milk N as whey N decreased, whereas N as NPN increased, with increasing dietary CP. Plasma urea N and essential and branched-chain AA increased linearly, and nonessential AA decreased linearly, with increasing dietary CP. Increasing the concentration of CP in the diet from 13.9 to 18.1% by the addition of distillers dried grains with solubles was beneficial to cows fed alfalfa-based diets in early lactation. Little additional benefit was observed by feeding greater than 18.1% dietary CP.
Java and Beyond: Executable Content - Guest Editors' Introduction. (1997)

Infusion of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) contained in cryopreserved and thawed hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) grafts is frequently associated with mild or moderate adverse reactions, and occasionally with more severe events including neurological symptoms. The severity of these complications is related to the amount of residual DMSO. We evaluated a recently available, closed, automated and 'cgmp (current good manufacturing practice) compliant' device (CytoMate) for its ability to wash out DMSO at the expense of a limited loss of viable CD34(+) cells. A total of 16 procedures were carried out with 39 blood HSC bags intended for destruction. Mean amounts of DMSO for each cellular product (one, two or three bags) were between 12.2 and 39.6 g before thawing; after the washing procedure, residual DMSO quantities were between 0.1 and 3.7 g. When set up to reproducibly allow for a more than 96% elimination of DMSO, processing of thawed cells with the CytoMate cell processor resulted in a mean recovery of viable total cells, CD34(+) cells and lymphocyte subsets above 60%. We conclude that this simple and efficient washing technique is suitable for routine processing of HSC grafts. Clinical studies will demonstrate whether a reduction in the incidence of adverse effects associated with DMSO infusion is observed.
Association of protein kinases ERK1 and ERK2 with p75 nerve growth factor receptors. (1993)

Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs) constitute a family of protein serine-threonine kinases implicated in a variety of cell-signaling pathways. In cultured rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, ERK1 and ERK2 are activated by nerve growth factor (NGF), which also induces rapid association between ERK1 and the high affinity gp140prototrk tyrosine kinase NGF receptor. In the present work, we investigated the possible association between ERKs and the low affinity NGF receptor, p75. Extracts of PC12 cells (before and after NGF treatment) were subjected to immunoprecipitation with anti-p75 antibodies or antiserum; the immune complexes were then assessed for the presence of ERK proteins and tyrosine phosphorylation or for ERK activity using a specific substrate peptide. ERK1 and, to a lesser extent, ERK2 were found to be constitutively associated with p75. NGF did not modulate the total amount of ERK proteins coimmunoprecipitated with p75 but did markedly stimulate the level of p75-associated ERK catalytic activity. NGF treatment also enhanced the tyrosine phosphorylation of a p75-associated species that co-migrates with ERK1 in Western blots. Finally, K-252a, a compound that specifically inhibits activation by NGF of gp140prototrk, abolished the latter effect. These findings indicate that NGF, via activation of gp140prototrk, leads to association of enzymatically active ERKs with p75 and raise the possibility that this interaction may play a role in the NGF mechanism of action.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochemical Properties of Polyaniline Thin Films (2015)

Conjugated polymers have been used in various applications (battery, supercapacitor, electromagnetic shielding, chemical sensor, biosensor, nanocomposite, light-emitting-diode, electrochromic display etc.) due to their excellent conductivity, electrochemical and optical properties, and low cost. Polyaniline has attracted the researchers from all disciplines of science, engineering, and industry due to its redox properties, environmental stability, conductivity, and optical properties. Moreover, it is a polymer with fast electroactive switching and reversible properties displayed at low potential, which is an important feature in many applications. The thin oriented polyaniline films have been fabricated using self-assembly, Langmuir-Blodgett, in-situ self-assembly, layer-by-layer, and electrochemical technique. The focus of this thesis is to synthesize and characterize polyaniline thin films with and without dyes. Also, the purpose of this thesis is to find the fastest electroactive switching PANI electrode in different electrolytic medium by studying their electrochemical properties. These films were fabricated using two deposition techniques: in-situ self-assembly and electrochemical deposition. The characterization of these films was done using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). FTIR and UV-spectroscopy showed similar results in the structure of the polyaniline films. However, for the dye incorporated films, since there was an addition in the synthesis of the material, peak locations shifted, and new peaks corresponding to these materials appeared. The 1 layer PANI showed compact film morphology, comparing to other PANI films, which displayed a fiber-like structure. Finally, the electrochemical properties of these thin films were studied using cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in different scenarios. These scenarios included the study in different acid based electrolytes and different gel based electrolytes. The ultra-thin self-assembled PANI films were shown to have a faster switching time, especially for the 1 layer PANI, whereas the color contrast could be observed for the film containing the dye molecule. Also, HCl based electrolyte gave the best electrochemical reversibility compared to other acids used. For the gelatin and PVA based electrolytes, having the same concentration, the results were similar. Hence, the change in the electrolyte consistencies, from liquid to semi-solid, did not change the electrochemical properties of the films. Finally, in the EIS, it was shown that these PANI thin films exhibit a pseudo-capacitance behavior, and as the film thickness grew, the capacitance increased.
In-situ experimental investigations of electron space-charge instabilities and noise mechanisms in a reentrant crossed-field amplifier via distributed-cathode emission and gated-beam injection (1995)

Summary form only given. Experimental investigations of the true physical conditions inside the crossed-field devices are of fundamental importance for the understanding of the operation of these devices and may lead to eventual improvement of the present tubes. At Northeastern University, tube research has taken up a combined approach of in situ plasma diagnostics and computer simulations using two frequency scaled CFAs as test vehicles. A collection of temporal and time-averaged diagnostic techniques have been developed through our research. Probe measurements as well as device performance of the linear CFA and the beam-injected, reentrant CFA have been directly compared with computer simulation results from MASK and NEAMP codes. We have recently incorporated in our reentrant CFA a secondary emission cathode for the purpose of gaining insight on improving the noise performance of both military and commercial devices. It has long been speculated and appears more so as a result of the improved diagnostic techniques, that the instabilities in the space charge cloud are the major source of noise in crossed-field devices. The average electron transit time is determined experimentally through a gated-electron injection scheme. Latest results are reported.
Identification of Adiponectin Receptor Agonist Utilizing a Fluorescence Polarization Based High Throughput Assay (2013)

Adiponectin, the adipose-derived hormone, plays an important role in the suppression of metabolic disorders that can result in type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. It has been shown that up-regulation of adiponectin or adiponectin receptor has a number of therapeutic benefits. Given that it is hard to convert the full size adiponectin protein into a viable drug, adiponectin receptor agonists could be designed or identified using high-throughput screening. Here, we report on the development of a two-step screening process to identify adiponectin agonists. First step, we developed a high throughput screening assay based on fluorescence polarization to identify adiponectin ligands. The fluorescence polarization assay reported here could be adapted to screening against larger small molecular compound libraries. A natural product library containing 10,000 compounds was screened and 9 hits were selected for validation. These compounds have been taken for the second-step in vitro tests to confirm their agonistic activity. The most active adiponectin receptor 1 agonists are matairesinol, arctiin, (-)-arctigenin and gramine. The most active adiponectin receptor 2 agonists are parthenolide, taxifoliol, deoxyschizandrin, and syringin. These compounds may be useful drug candidates for hypoadiponectin related diseases.
A fully-integrated low-power low-noise 2.6-GHz bipolar VCO for wireless applications (2001)

The low quality factor of the inductors fabricated in fully-integrated LC tanks results in a poor indirect stability of the oscillators, which are therefore highly sensitive to low-frequency noise and disturbances coupled through substrate and supply lines. The paper addresses the design of a 2-V voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) at 2.6 GHz fabricated in a Si-bipolar process with f/sub T/ of 20 GHz. The circuit bias and the transistor layout have been specifically optimized to minimize the phase noise degradation due to the intrinsic low indirect stability. A single sideband-to-carrier ratio (SSCR) of -104 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz is demonstrated with less than 14 mW power consumption.
A 290MV Ultra-Low Voltage One-Port SRAM Compiler Design Using a 12T Write Contention and Read Upset Free Bit-Cell in 7NM FinFET Technology (2018)

In this work, we present an ultra-low voltage SRAM compiler targeting small to medium array sizes to provide a smaller area solution compared to conventional 6T -based SRAMs. A 12T write contention and read upset free bit-cell is used in the design. Array architecture employs a read-modify-write scheme to support bit-write masking and column multiplexing. Built-in-self-test (BIST) and synchronous write-through (SWT) options are also supported to provide testability features while power management (PM) option is included to provide low-leakage sleep and shut-down modes. Proposed design is fabricated in 7nm FinFET technology and achieves lowest reported Vmin of 290mV in this technology.
Smart Self-Checkout Carts Based on Deep Learning for Shopping Activity Recognition (2020)

Fast and reliable communication plays a major role in the success of smart shopping applications. In a “Just Walk Out” shopping scenario, a video camera is installed on the cart to monitor shopping activities and transmit images to the cloud for processing so that items in the cart can be tracked and checked out. This paper proposes a prototype of a smart shopping cart based on image-based action recognition. Firstly, deep learning networks such as Faster R-CNN, YOLOv2, and YOLOv2-Tiny are utilized to analyze the content of each video frame. Frames are classified into three classes: No Hand, Empty Hand, and Holding Items. The classification accuracy based on Faster R-CNN, YOLOv2, or YOLOv2-Tiny is between 93.0% and 90.3%, and the processing speed of the three networks can be up to 5 fps, 39 fps, and 50 fps, respectively. Secondly, based on the sequence of frame classes, the timeline is divided into No Hand intervals, Empty Hand intervals, and Holding Items intervals. The accuracy of action recognition is 96%, and the time error is 0.119s on average. Finally, we categorize the events into four cases: No Change, placing, Removing, and Swapping. Even including the correctness of the item recognition, the accuracy of shopping event detection is 97.9%, which is higher than the minimal requirement to deploy such a system in a smart shopping environment. A demo of the system and a link to download the data set used in the paper are in Smart Shopping Cart Prototype or found at this URL: https://hackmd.io/abEiC83rQoqxz7zpL4Kh2w.
Rejection of B16 melanoma induced by expression of a transfected major histocompatibility complex class I gene. (1988)

Transfection of a functional major histocompatibility complex class I gene into certain tumor cells, induced by oncogenic viruses or chemical carcinogens, can effectively abrogate their tumorigenic activity. Since experimentally induced tumors possess strong tumor-specific transplantation antigens, expression of cell surface class I antigens may present the tumor cells to appropriate immune effector cells. Most spontaneously arising tumors do not possess tumor-specific transplantation antigens, and their tumorigenicity may not be affected by the expression of a transfected class I gene. We demonstrate that the poorly immunogenic B16-BL6 melanoma can be rendered nontumorigenic in syngeneic mice by the expression of the class I H-2K antigen but not the class II I-A antigen. Furthermore, the poorly tumorigenic, class I-expressing B16-BL6-transfected cells can effectively immunize syngeneic C57BL/6 mice against the highly tumorigenic, class I-deficient B16-BL6 parental cells. Our success in experimentally manipulating the tumorigenicity of a spontaneously derived neoplasm offers hope for a potential modality for the effective treatment of human cancer.
General synthetic approach to stable nitrogen analogs of S-adenosylmethionine (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeneral synthetic approach to stable nitrogen analogs of S-adenosylmethionineAlbert A. Minnick and George L. KenyonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 21, 4952–4961Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00256a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00256a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views498Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Treatment Adherence (1976)

A large part of medical practice is complicated by two problems; the degree to which treatments are specific (the placebo problem) and the extent to which they are implemented (the adherence problem). Depending on setting and circumstance, up to half of the benefits of treatment are either non-specific or never obtained. This review considers the problem of adherence in the context of use of medication in psychiatry.
Mechanisms of anodic bonding of silicon to pyrex glass (2003)

The mechanisms of formation of anodic bonds between glasses and metals are examined. The process is found to be an electrochemical analog to thermal glass-to-metal seals, where the metal surface is oxidized into the glass due to the development of large electric fields across the anodic depletion layer. The current vs. time transient at constant voltage contains a significant amount of information regarding the process mechanisms, which are predominantly electrochemical.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Preliminary testing of a Mach-scaled active rotor blade with a trailing-edge servo flap</title> (1999)

The results of preliminary tests on an active helicopter rotor blade are presented. The blade, a Mach-scaled model of a CH-47D helicopter blade, has a discrete piezoelectric actuator embedded within the spar that controls a trailing edge flap via a pushrod. Ultimately, the blade will be tested on a helicopter rotor hover stand at MIT. In this paper, we describe the tests performed prior to hover testing. First, the actuator was tested on the bench to determine its control authority and frequency response. Second, the actuator was tested on a shake table to simulate the out-of-plane accelerations that would be encountered in a full-scale helicopter in forward flight. Third, the actuator was embedded in the model blade, and its response to low-frequency sinusoidal actuation was obtained and compared to the bench test results. Finally, the frequency response of the actuator in the blade was determined using swept sine excitation. All test results indicate that the actuator should produce the desired level of control authority in the model-scale rotor.