gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification of a RNA debranching activity from HeLa cells. (1987)

The splicing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNA) of eukaryotic cells involves the formation of a branched RNA intermediate known as a RNA lariat. This structure is formed in the first step of the reaction when a cleavage at the 5' splice site generates the 5' exon and a RNA species containing the intron and 3' exon in which the phosphate moiety at the 5' end of the intron is forming a 2'-5' phosphodiester bond with the 2'-hydroxyl moiety of a specific adenine residue near the 3' end of the intron forming a RNA branch with the following structure: -pA2'-pX-3'-pZ-. We have purified a debranching activity approximately 700-fold from the cytosolic fraction of HeLa cells. This activity catalyzes the hydrolysis of the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond of branched RNA structures yielding a 5'-phosphate end and a 2'-hydroxyl group at the branch attachment site. The activity possessed a sedimentation coefficient of 3.5 S. The reaction catalyzed by the purified fraction requires a divalent cation and is optimal at pH 7.0. The purified activity can efficiently hydrolyze triester trinucleotide structures (pY2'-pX-3'-pZ-) prepared by digestion of RNA lariats with nuclease P1. In contrast, a 2' phosphate monoester product (-pG2'-p 3'-pC-), formed by the wheat germ RNA ligase, was not attacked.
<title>Statistical perspectives of self-calibration</title> (1996)

Positional self-calibration refers to the use of an imperfectly calibrated measurement gauge in an imperfectly calibrated measuring or manufacturing machine to simultaneously deduce improved positional accuracy in the calibrations of the gauge and the machine. The self- calibration function corrects the distortions in the image produced by a high-quality machine as it processes an object in its measurement field. The original derivation by Raugh (1984, 1985) focused on abstract mathematical/geometrical foundations of self-calibration. A later paper by Raugh (1991) dealt with the problem more concretely by showing how a patterned measurement gauge with suitable symmetry properties combined with near-linear comparisons could be used for self-calibration. This poster recasts self-calibration as a statistical problem. Hence, determination of the self-calibration function becomes a problem in statistical estimation, and specification of an optimal set of gauge positions and orientations for self- calibration becomes a problem in statistical design of experiment. This representation enables one to take advantage of established statistical methods for separating signal from extraneous effects and noise using stable and efficient techniques. An example of noise is measurement error. Extraneous effects include imperfections in the gauge and its positioning in the measurement field. The concepts are illustrated by a simple example.
Multi-mode WCDMA power amplifier module with improved low-power efficiency using stage-bypass (2010)

This paper presents a multi-mode power amplifier (PA) with very low DC quiescent current and current consumption under large power backoff operation. The PA is optimized to operate in three power modes. A dual-path PA is designed for high- and medium-power-mode operations, while a stage-bypass is applied to the final stage of the medium-power PA for low-power-mode operation. Load impedance for each power mode is individually optimized for best efficiency and linearity, achieving significant current saving compared to two-power-mode PAs. A 1.95GHz WCDMA PA module (PAM) has been developed using GaAs BiFET technology to validate the proposed circuit. The PAM demonstrates a very low quiescent current of 3.5mA under low-power-mode bias. The PAM exhibits 42% PAE and -40dBc ACLR1 at 28.5dBm Pout. At 17dBm and 8dBm backoff Pout, the PAM achieves 22% and 15% PAE, respectively, with -40dBc ACLR1. The current consumption at 8dBm Pout is reduced by 59% with the stage-bypass configuration.
A novel mode-selecting and Q-switching technique (for solid lasers) (1992)

A novel positive feedback controlled loop that consists of a GaAs photoconductor, a polarizer, and a Pockels cell has been used to select a single longitudinal mode, instead of using other special selecting elements such as a Fabry-Perot etalon or a resonant output coupler. A very stable and reliable single longitudinal mode Q-switched oscillator has been developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Materials for High-Temperature Hydrogen Fluorine Environments. (1978)

A determination has been made of the stability of 35 materials under high-temperature, fluorine rich, hydrogen fluoride torch testing. Refractory materials tested included 4 borides, 3 carbides, 3 nitrides, 12 oxides, 1 oxynitride, 1 sulfide, 10 metals, and carbon (10 types). Three materials distinctly performed better than nickel: lanthanum hexaboride, calcium hexaboride, and the lanthanum silicon oxynitride. Of these, lanthanum hexaboride is the best candidate tested since it has an estimated upper use temperature 1726 K, which is above the melting point and more than 300 K above the upper use temperature of nickel. (Author)
Acidic Constituents of Lactic Acid-Water Systems (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcidic Constituents of Lactic Acid-Water SystemsRex MontgomeryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 6, 1466–1468Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01126a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01126a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nouvelles données sur la faune de Mammifères du Villafranchien inferieur de Capeni-Virghis (1971)

Abstract. Die Verfasser beschreiben neue Säugetierreste von zwei Lokalitäten im Nordwesten der Senke von Brasov, die dem älteren Villafranchium angehören. Die in Lignitflözen gefundene Fauna wird durch das Vorhandensein der zwei Mastodonten, Z. borsoni und A. arvernensis, und die Abwesenheit des Elefanten charakterisiert. Das Auftreten der monodactylen Pferde und der modernen Bovinen zeigt, daß der faunistische Komplex vom Capeni-Virghis-Typus schon an den Beginn des Quartärs zu stellen ist. Im allgemeinen gehören die rumänischen fossilführenden Lokalitäten dem Zeitabschnitt an, der mit den klassischen Faunen von Villafranca d'Asti und Vialette beginnt und dessen Ende durch die Fauna von Perrier-Etouaires angezeigt ist.
Operations Management of Logistics and Supply Chain: Issues and Directions (2014)

There has been consensus that logistics as well as supply chain management is a vital research field, yet with few literature reviews on this topic. This paper sets out to propose some hot issues in the current research, through a review of related literature from the perspective of operations management. In addition, we generate some insights and future research directions in this field.
Characterization of the veiling glare PSF in x-ray image intensified fluoroscopy (1984)

A theoretical derivation for the point spread function (PSF) which describes the veiling glare in x-ray image intensifiers (II) is presented. The PSF is dependent on two parameters which can be determined experimentally for a given II. An experimental investigation of the linearity of veiling glare phenomenon is undertaken. The experimental results indicate that veiling glare could be described as a linear process to a high degree of accuracy.
Catalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide. Influence of Pore Structure and Chemical Composition of Various Porous Substances (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide. Influence of Pore Structure and Chemical Composition of Various Porous SubstancesMatt Steijns and Pieter MarsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 1977, 16, 1, 35–41Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i360061a006https://doi.org/10.1021/i360061a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views443Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation of Ionic Polysilsesquioxanes with Regular Structures and Their Ion-Exchange Behaviors (2012)

© 2012 Kaneko, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Preparation of Ionic Polysilsesquioxanes with Regular Structures and Their Ion-Exchange Behaviors
Adaptive channel equalization and interference suppression for CDMA downlink (2002)

In the synchronous CDMA downlink using orthogonal codes, the intracell multiple access interference (MAI) is essentially caused by the frequency selective multipath channel. Therefore, intracell MAI may be suppressed by simple linear channel equalization. Similarly, intercell interference can be suppressed by means of linear space-time filtering. We compare two different adaptive receiver algorithms in the context of one or several receive antenna elements. The first one is based on adaptive LMMSE chip estimation, whereas the other one performs simple interchip interference cancellation by adaptive chip separation. The presented receiver structures are suitable for systems with long code scrambling, such as 3rd generation wideband CDMA standard. The results show considerable performance gains when compared to the conventional RAKE receiver.
Transport properties in GaAs-Al <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> Ga <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> As heterostructures and MESFET application (1981)

Mobilities of undoped GaAs-n-doped AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures are shown to present a maximum as a function of the thickness of the undoped AlxGa1−xAs spacer layer. This maximum increases as the temperature decreases. The transition temperature above which phonon scattering is dominant decreases as d increases. Heterostructure FETs working at 11 GHz give an 8 dB gain.
Privacy-preserving social network analysis for criminal investigations (2008)

Social network analysis (SNA) is now a commonly used tool in criminal investigations, but evidence gathering and analysis is often restricted by data privacy laws. We consider the case where multiple investigators want to collaborate, but do not yet have sufficient evidence that justifies a plaintext data exchange. This paper proposes a solution for privacy-preserving social network analysis where several investigators can collaborate without actually exchanging sensitive private information. An investigator can request data from other sites to augment his view without revealing personally identifiable data. The investigator can compute important metrics by means of a SNA on the subject while keeping the entire social network unknown him.
ZnSnN2: A new earth-abundant element semiconductor for solar cells (2012)

The Zn-IV-N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> semiconductor family represents a potential earth abundant element alternative for PV and lighting applications, with a predicted band gap range of ~0.6 to ~5 eV. While the Ge and Si containing members of the family have been successfully synthesized, little is known about the lower band gap energy members, in particular ZnSnN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Here, we report the growth of this compound using a plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy technique, and compare experimental optical and structural properties to density functional theory predictions.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants altered in vacuole function are defective in copper detoxification and iron-responsive gene transcription (1997)

The metal ions, Cu2+/+ and Fe3+/2+, are essential co-factors for a wide variety of enzymatic reactions. However, both metal ions are toxic when hyper-accumulated or maldistributed within cells due to their ability to generate damaging free radicals or through the displacement of other physiological metal ions from metalloproteins. Although copper transport into yeast cells is apparently independent of iron, the known dependence on Cu2+ for high affinity transport of Fe2+ into yeast cells has established a physiological link between these two trace metal ions. In this study we demonstrate that proteins encoded by genes previously demonstrated to play critical roles in vacuole assembly for acidification, PEP3, PEP5 and VMA3, are also required for normal copper and iron metal ion homeostasis. Yeast cells lacking a functional PEP3 or PEP5 gene are hypersensitive to copper and render the normally iron-repressible FET3 gene, encoding a multi-copper Fe(II) oxidase involved in Fe2+ transport, also repressible by exogenous copper ions. The inability of these same vacuolar mutant strains to repress FET3 mRNA levels in the presence of an iron-unresponsive allele of the AFT1 regulatory gene are consistent with alterations in the intracellular distribution of redox states of Fe3+/2+ in the presence of elevated extracellular concentrations of copper ions. Therefore, the yeast vacuole is an important organelle for maintaining the homeostatic convergence of the essential yet toxic copper and iron ions.
Optimum linear diversity receivers in digital cellular radio (2003)

The paper analyzes and quantifies the performance of a space diversity combining receiver operating in a digital cellular radio environment with quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK), frequency-selective Rayleigh multipath fading, and co-channel interference (CCI). The receiver has an infinite length filter in each branch of the diversity combiner, and the filters are jointly optimized according to the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) criterion. The link bit-error-rate (BER) is accurately estimated using Metzger's algorithm (Metzger, 1987) which approximates the probability density function of the combined intersymbol interference (ISI) and CCI. The authors present numerical performance results showing the influence of the diversity order, the number of dominant co-channel interferers, the multipath channel's delay spectrum, and the root-mean square delay spread. The results show that, under certain conditions, the optimum linear receiver can almost completely eliminate all ISI and dominant CCI while providing near-optimum noise filtering.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Microstructure and Magnetostriction of Rapid-Solidified Fe-15 at%Ga Alloy (2004)

Melt-spun, rapid solidified Fe-Ga ribbon sample exhibited large magnetostriction and good ductility as compared with conventional bulk sample. But the origin was not clear yet. In order to investigate the occurrence of large magnetostriction in Fe-Ga ribbon sample, the correlation between magnetostriction and the crystal grain morphology was inspected in detail by SEM/EBSP method for Fe-15 at%Ga alloy. In comparison with as-spun ribbon sample, short-time (0.5 h) heat treated ribbon had stronger [100] oriented texture and exhibited larger magnetostriction of 140 ppm (×10−6) at 800 kA/m. These phenomena suggest that such a large magnetostriction is caused by the release of considerable large internal stresses in as-spun ribbon as well as the remained strong textures after annealing.
A dynamic routing, wavelength and timeslot assignment algorithm for WDM-TDM optical networks (2010)

The wavelength utilization can be improved by TDM technology in WDM optical networks. In this paper, the dynamic routing, wavelength and timeslot problem is studied. We propose a new algorithm MCSA which based on the most-continuous-same-available resources and its performances is evaluated through simulation. The results show that the MCSA algorithm can effectively reduce the connection blocking probability and optimize the resource utilization of WDM-TDM optical network.
SINGLE-BLIND RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF AN EDUCATIONAL BOOKLET FOR PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC ARTHRITIS (1996)

Consecutive new attendees at a rheumatology clinic were randomly allocated to one of three groups. All groups received routine care, but one received no other intervention, one an educational booklet on arthritis and one the booklet plus instruction from a health professional. Prior to intervention, all groups had similar knowledge. Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score. After 6 weeks, the knowledge score was significantly increased in both groups given the booklet, but not in the control group. The group instructed by a health professional showed no greater increase than the group given the booklet alone. Increased knowledge was not associated with improved clinical status and no group showed a significant change in NHP or HAQ scores. Nearly all patients said they found the booklet useful.
A stereocontrolled approach to electrophilic epoxides (1988)

Lithium t-butyl hydroperoxide (easily generated by addition of an alkyl-lithium to anhydrous t-butyl hydroperoxide in THF solution) is a powerful reagent for the epoxidation of electrophilic alkenes at –20 to 0 °C under full stereocontrol.Thus αβ-unsaturated esters, sulphones, sulphoximines, and amides are readily epoxidised with complete regio- and stereo-specificity and with considerable chiroselectivity (20–100%) when appropriate chiral auxiliaries such as menthyl, 8-phenylmenthyl, or a camphor-sulphonamide derivative are used. Asymmetric αβ-unsaturated sulphoximines undergo epoxidation with 100% diastereoselectivity. The only exceptions to stereocontrol noted are heavily substituted maleate esters such as di-t-butyl maleate. The αβ-epoxy amides are shown to be valuable sources of the corresponding epoxy ketones by treatment with an organolithium, allowing a stereo- and chemoselective entry in high yield to these useful intermediates.
Enhancing Usability and Security in Click-Based Visual Password Systems (2010)

Security and usability are key elements in system design. A bad design might result in unnecessary inverse proportion between the two, while a good design must find a balance to achieve usable security. In this paper we present and discuss the results of a user study to show how good application of click-based systems can produce a system people can easily use while maintaining security. In this study, participants were asked to do trials using 5 different prototypes of the system. A comparison between them helped to find the best criteria where there is an acceptable balance between security and usability. For instance, using a relatively small tolerance distance enhances security by increasing the password space, the comparison helps to find how small the distance can be while maintaining usability. Another objective of this study was to distinguish between two types of images; the results revealed that using cartoon images have positive impact on usability. Nevertheless, hotspots occurred and that makes particular images more vulnerable to dictionary attacks. Experiments also show that, if they can chose, users select images more vulnerable to hotspots.
β-cell dysfunction: Its critical role in prevention and management of type 2 diabetes (2015)

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Although, in contrast to type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance is assumed to be a major pathophysiological feature of T2DM, T2DM never develops unless β-cells fail to compensate insulin resistance. Recent studies have revealed that a deficit of β-cell functional mass is an essential component of the pathophysiology of T2DM, implying that β-cell deficit is a common feature of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. β-cell dysfunction is present at the diagnosis of T2DM and progressively worsens with disease duration. β-cell dysfunction is associated with worsening of glycemic control and treatment failure; thus, it is important to preserve or recover β-cell functional mass in the management of T2DM. Since β-cell regenerative capacity appears somewhat limited in humans, reducing β-cell workload appears to be the most effective way to preserve β-cell functional mass to date, underpinning the importance of lifestyle modification and weight loss for the treatment and prevention of T2DM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on β-cell functional mass in T2DM and discusses the treatment strategy for T2DM.
Robust, beat-to-beat estimation of the true pulse transit time from central and peripheral blood pressure or flow waveforms using an arterial tube-load model (2011)

We proposed a technique for estimating beat-to-beat pulse transit time (PTT) from central and peripheral blood pressure or flow waveforms based on an arterial tube-load model of wave reflection. The technique effectively estimates PTT from the entire waveforms after mathematically eliminating the reflected wave. So, unlike the conventional foot-to-foot detection technique, this technique should be robust to artifact while revealing the true PTT (i.e., the PTT in absence of wave reflection). We compared the two techniques, as applied to blood pressure and flow waveforms, in terms of the ability of their PTT estimates to correlate with blood pressure (a) during baseline (for which the naturally occurring beat-to-beat changes were small), (b) during low heart rate (wherein wave reflection was profound), and (c) in the presence of actual measurement artifact. In all three cases, the PTT estimates of the arterial tube-load model technique yielded markedly superior correlation to blood pressure.