gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
function of a university in South Africa: Part 2 (2017)

Social insurance institutions appeared after World War I, and were intended to provide safety nets for the income, health, education and pension levels of individual citizens. Later in the 20th century, enthusiasm for the concept of human rights generated a remarkable boost of research interest within universities in the aftermath of World War II. This war had witnessed an unprecedented catalogue of atrocities, most notably genocide, as well as human neglect on a mass scale, followed by the reaction against colonialism already on the brew.
Ultrasonic imaging of internal vibration of soft tissue under forced vibration (1990)

An imaging system that can display both the amplitude and phase maps of internal vibration in soft tissues for forced low-frequency vibration is described. In this method, low-frequency sinusoidal vibration of frequency under several hundred hertz is applied from the surface of the sample and the resulting movement in it is measured from the Doppler frequency shift of the simultaneously transmitted probe ultrasonic waves. Basic experiments are carried out by using 3.0-MHz ultrasonic waves. The two-dimensional maps of the amplitude and phase of internal vibration are shown, and the velocities of vibration are measured for some samples as well as in vivo.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stimulants (2010)

Chapter 18 examines the history, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, adverse effects, and clinical applications of stimulant medications.
Graphene Synthesis by Surface Segregation on Ni and Cu (2008)

We report an approach to synthesize high quality graphene by surface segregation and substrate transfer. Graphene was segregated from Ni surface under the ambient pressure by dissolving carbon in Ni at high temperatures followed by cooling down with various rates. Different cooling rates led to different segregation behaviors, strongly affecting the thickness and quality of the graphene films. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the graphene films synthesized with medium cooling rates have high quality crystalline structure and well-controlled thicknesses. The graphene films were transferred to insulating substrates by wet etching and found to maintain their high quality.
Elevated Enzyme Release from Lactococcal Starter Cultures on Exposure to the Lantibiotic Lacticin 481, Produced by Lactococcus lactis DPC5552 (2002)

A Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis strain (DPC5552), which causes the lysis of other lactococcal cultures, was isolated during a screening of raw milk samples for bacteriocin producers. Purification of the bacteriocin produced revealed that production of the lantibiotic, lacticin 481, was associated with the bacteriolytic capability of the strain. However, unlike bacteriocin-induced lysis observed with bacteriocins such as lacticin 3147 and lactococcins A, B, and M (where the target strain is killed), the DPC5552 supernatant gave rise to a situation whereby the target strain continued to grow (albeit at a lower rate) with simultaneous release of the intracellular enzymes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase (Pep X). In parallel experiments, 32 AU/ml of the inhibitory activity from L. lactis DPC5552 resulted in a 10- and 6-fold-higher LDH release after 5 h than that with 32 AU/ml of either lacticin 3147 or lactococcin A, B, and M. Laboratory-scale Cheddar cheese-making trials also demonstrated that lacticin 481-producing cultures induced the release of elevated levels of LDH from the starter L. lactis HP, without severely compromising its acid-producing capabilities. These results indicate that lacticin 481-producing strains may provide improved adjuncts for delivering lactococcal intracellular enzymes into the cheese matrix and, thus, improve cheese quality and flavor.
Xenogeneic Murine Tyrosinase DNA Vaccine for Malignant Melanoma of the Digit of Dogs (2010)

The xenogeneic murine tyrosinase DNA vaccine was safe and appears effective when used in conjunction with local and regional disease control. The proposed staging system was prognostic in this study and future studies might benefit from utilizing this staging system.
90-fs diode-pumped Yb:GdCOB laser (2000)

We present a 90-fs passively mode-locked diode-pumped Yb:GdCOB laser producing 40 mW of average output power centered at 1046 nm.
On-Line Current Monitoring Fault Diagnosis in Hv Induction Motors – Cask Histories and Cost Savings in Offshore Installations (1987)

ABSTRACT This paper presents an on-line current monitoring system for detecting rotor faults in large high voltage 3-phase induction motors. The philosophy and practical advantages of current monitoring are discussed and samples of on-site case histories will verify the effectiveness of the method for detecting broken rotor bars and air-gap eccentricity in the industrial environment. A new computerised diagnostic system with expert system capability will also be described.
Rapid and sensitive determination of β‐phenylethylamine in animal brains by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection (1989)

A reversed phase HPLC method with fluorometric detection for the analysis of beta-phenylethylamine has been developed using p-methoxyphenylethylamine as an internal standard. Two columns, containing 200 microL of Dowex 50-X8 and Amberlite CG-50 respectively, were used to prepare a fraction containing beta-phenylethylamine. The recoveries of beta-phenylethylamine and p-methoxyphenylethylamine were 53.9 +/- 9.4% and 68.1 +/- 12.4%, respectively, and elution profile of p-methoxyphenylethylamine was sufficiently well correlated with that of beta-phenylethylamine. Regional distributions of beta-phenylethylamine in rat and mouse brains were determined. The highest concentrations were found in hypothalamus and hippocampus in both animals.
Role of bacteriocins in mediating interactions of bacterial isolates taken from cystic fibrosis patients (2010)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) and Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) lung infections are responsible for much of the mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF). However, little is known about the ecological interactions between these two, often co-infecting, species. This study provides what is believed to be the first report of the intra- and interspecies bacteriocin-like inhibition potential of Pa and Bcc strains recovered from CF patients. A total of 66 strains were screened, and shown to possess bacteriocin-like inhibitory activity (97 % of Pa strains and 68 % of Bcc strains showed inhibitory activity), much of which acted across species boundaries. Further phenotypic and molecular-based assays revealed that the source of this inhibition differs for the two species. In Pa, much of the inhibitory activity is due to the well-known S and RF pyocins. In contrast, Bcc inhibition is due to unknown mechanisms, although RF-like toxins were implicated in some strains. These data suggest that bacteriocin-based inhibition may play a role in governing Pa and Bcc interactions in the CF lung and may, therefore, offer a novel approach to mediating these often fatal infections.
Prior psychiatric treatment and the development of breast cancer. (1978)

• Computerized records of a large university hospital were searched to identify all women from 1967 to 1976 whose conditions had been diagnosed as breast cancer or primary cancer of another site. The records for those women with diagnoses of cancer were then examined to identify any prior psychiatric diagnoses. The rationale was that most patients treated in this hospital setting for psychiatric disorders received neuroleptic drugs, and patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are almost certain to be treated with major neuroleptic drugs over a prolonged period of time. No substantial difference in the relative frequency of prior psychiatric treatment was observed between breast cancer and other cancer groups.
Object oriented transaction processing in the KeyKOS microkernel (1993)

Three major technological directions in computer technology are transaction processing, object orientation, and microkernel operating systems. The KeyKOS operating system and the KeyTXF transaction processing system combine all three of these technologies. The design of KeyKOS directly provides operating system level objects on a microkernel base. In order to maintain the integrity of these objects, KeyKOS takes periodic checkpoints of the entire system. In addition, KeyKOS provides facilities for transaction processing which achieve very high transaction rates. Object oriented technology facilitates construction and reuse of transaction applications. This paper describes how these ideas are combined in the KeyKOS system. 1 Introduction This paper examines the structure of an application environment that combines three technologies: transaction processing, object orientation, and microkernel operating systems. The KeyTXF transaction processing system, which runs on the KeyKOS microkern...
Visual Fatigue Reduction for Immersive Stereoscopic Displays by Disparity, Content, and Focus-Point Adapted Blur (2011)

As stereoscopic devices become widely used (immersion-based working environments, stereoscopically viewed movies, autostereoscopic screens, etc), exposure to stereoscopic images can become lengthy, and some eyestrain can set in. We propose a method for reducing eyestrain induced by stereoscopic vision. After reviewing sources of eyestrain linked to stereoscopic vision, we will focus on one of these sources: images with high-frequency contents associated with large disparities. We will put forward an algorithm for removing irritating high frequencies in high disparity zones (i.e., for virtual objects appearing far from the real screen level). We will elaborate on our testing protocol to establish that our processing reduces eyestrain caused by stereoscopic vision, both objectively and subjectively. We will subsequently quantify the positive effects of our algorithm on the relief of eyestrain. As our processing alters the visual quality of the virtual world, we propose a new adaptation of our method to remove this drawback by coupling an eye tracking to our original processing to keep visual quality on the focus point.
Reactive intermediates. Some chemistry of quinone methides (2000)

Abstract Quinone methides were produced in aqueous solution by photochemical dehydration of o-hydroxybenzyl alcohols ( o -HOC 6 H 4 CHROH; R = H, C 6 H 5 , 4-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 ), and flash photolytic techniques were used to examine their rehydration back to starting substrate as well as their interaction with bromide and thiocyanate ions. These reactions are acid-catalyzed and show inverse isotope effects (k H+ /k D+ < 1), indicating that they occur through preequilibrium protonation of the quinone methide on its carbonyl carbon atom followed by rate-determining capture of the benzyl carbocations so formed by H 2 O, Br - , or SCN - . With some quinone methides (R = C 6 H 5 and 4-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 ) this acid catalysis could be saturated, and analysis of the data obtained in the region of saturation for the example with R = 4-CH 3 OC 6 H 4 produced both the equilibrium constant for the substrate protonation step and the rate constant for the rate-determining step. Energy relationships comparing the quinone methides with their benzyl alcohol precursors are derived.
Evaluation of Image Analysis to Determine the N‐Fertilizer Demand of Broccoli Plants (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> convar. <i>botrytis</i> var. <i>italica</i>) (2008)

Numerous models have been developed for calculating optimum decision rules for nitrogen fertilization based on remote sensing techniques. New technologies related to digital image analysis may provide an alternative method to estimate nutrient status faster and more efficiently than current techniques. A series of field studies was conducted to determine the applicability of digital image analysis for nitrogen demand estimates in broccoli plants. Digital images were taken under constant light conditions in various wavelength ranges (380–1300 nm) using a digital imager. Images were processed for the parameters a ∗ and b ∗ in the L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ color system. The image analysis showed a close correlation between the nitrogen status of broccoli plants and the parameter b ∗ of the L ∗ a ∗ b ∗ color system especially in the wavelength ranges 510 780 and 516 780 nm. The relationship between nutrient concentration in leaf dry matter and the parameters b ∗ was used to determine the N fertilizer demand within the cultivation period. Estimated N amounts were applied as top dressing four weeks after setting and were 100 kg ha −1 lower than the standard fertilizer rate. Calculated N balances indicated a total uptake of applied N amounts in the image‐based N treatments without considerable yield loss. Thus, digital image analysis proved to be an effective means of determining nitrogen status and adjusting fertilizer applications to preserve or enhance crop quality and yield considering sustainability.
Natural user interface- next mainstream product user interface (2010)

The thesis made a brief summary of the development process of the user interface. through the some examples,describe the disappearance of sense of entities and the arrival of natural user interface, and focuses on the seven typical characteristics of the natural interface.
Inosine induces context-dependent recoding and translational stalling (2018)

RNA modifications are present in all classes of RNAs. They control the fate of mRNAs by affecting their processing, translation, or stability. Inosine is a particularly widespread modification in metazoan mRNA arising from deamination of adenosine catalyzed by the RNA-targeting adenosine deaminases ADAR1 or ADAR2. Inosine is commonly thought to be interpreted as guanosine by cellular machines and during translation. Here, we systematically test ribosomal decoding using mass spectrometry. We show that while inosine is primarily interpreted as guanosine it can also be decoded as adenosine, and rarely even as uracil. Decoding of inosine as adenosine and uracil is context-dependent. In addition, mass spectrometry analysis indicates that inosine causes ribosome stalling especially when multiple inosines are present in the codon. Indeed, ribosome profiling data from human tissues confirm inosine-dependent ribosome stalling in vivo. To our knowledge this is the first study where decoding of inosine is tested in a comprehensive and unbiased way. Thus, our study shows novel, unanticipated functions for inosines in mRNAs, further expanding coding potential and affecting translational efficiency.
Dofequidar Fumarate (MS-209) in Combination With Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, and Fluorouracil for Patients With Advanced or Recurrent Breast Cancer (2006)

Dofequidar + CAF was well tolerated and is suggested to have efficacy in patients who had not received prior therapy.
Roles and rules of Syngo iFLOW in neuroendovascular procedures (2013)

Abstract The authors present 2 patients who underwent neuroendovascular procedures in syngo iFLOW produced that use the dynamic of fluid in several types of intracranial pathologies. As part of a combined CT/angiography suite, iFLOW offered the major advantage of immediate detection or exclusion of intracranial complication without patient transfer. The study of fluid dynamics constitutes a cornerstone for the evaluation of various intracranial vascular pathologies. These applications include the isolation of cerebral aneurysms by embolization and clipping, embolisation of malformations, as well the evaluation of vasooclussive diseases. The emergence of techniques such as syngo iFLOW, which give a comprehensive picture of angiography, constitute a element that can to contribute to the decision of conduct clinics. Siemens has developed a novel based system which is able to reconstruct in achieving angiography techniques colors define intracranial flow characteristics in a single image. With this technique, is possible to obtain a comprehensive picture of cerebral angiography.
The Role of Lysosomes in the Pathogenesis of Unicameral Bone Cysts (1991)

Unicameral bone cyst fluid possesses N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, PZ-peptidase, cathepsin D, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-beta-D galactosaminidase, and beta-galactosidase activities. The activities of lysosomal enzymes in the cyst fluid are, as a rule, higher than in the serum, whereas the total protein content is lower. The content of collagen degradation products in the cyst fluid is higher compared to the serum. In bone cavity wall tissues, the collagen content is decreased. Adenosine 3':5'-cyclic phosphate and cyclic guanosine 3,5'-monophosphate accumulate in the cyst cavity. However, in some cases, there is no correlation among the activities of lysosomal enzymes in the cyst fluid, blood serum, and cyst wall tissues. The ratios of lysosomal enzyme activities in the cyst fluid differ from those in the cyst wall tissues, cultured skin fibroblasts, and blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes. The lack of coincidence of enzymatic spectra of the cyst fluid, wall tissues, and serum is suggestive of the diversity of ways of lysosomal enzyme enter the cyst cavity, i.e., blood, cyst fluid cells, and cyst cavity walls. The cysts with different locations (i.e., active and latent cysts) have similar lysosomal lytic potentials. The presence in the cyst cavity of extracellular lysosomal enzymes and collagen degradation products testifies to the permanent corrosion of the cyst cavity walls from the inside as well as to the increase in the osmotic pressure of the cyst fluid. Lysosome destruction should be regarded as an important pathogenetic factor that requires surgical or pharmacologic correction or both in the course of bone cyst management.
Fast update of dynamic photorefractive optical memory (1992)

We have analyzed the dynamics of the selective erasure process in photorefractive crystal. The selective erasure process is much faster than the incoherent erasure process. Experimental results show good agreement with theoretical prediction. We have applied the incremental recording schedule and selective erasure process to a dynamic photorefractive optical memory and experimentally demonstrated the robust readout and fast update capabilities.
Standardized protocol interfaces (1993)

Abstract A traditional protocol implementation typically consists of at least two distinct parts, a sender and a receiver. Each part runs on a distinct machine, with the implementation provided by a local expert. At best, the two machines are of the same type and the protocol implementations are provided by the same person. More likely, however, the machines are not of the same type and the implementations of the two halves of the protocol are provided by two different people, working from an often loosely defined protocol specification. It seems almost unavoidable that the two implementations are not quite compatible. In this paper we consider an alternative technique. With this method, one of the two implementors can design, formally validate, and implement all the relevant protocol parts, including those parts that are to be executed remotely. Each communication channel is now terminated on the receiving side, by a single standard protocol interface, which can be called a universal asynchronous protocol interface, or UAPI. Though it is likely that the UAPI is most efficiently implemented in hardware, it can also trivially run as a software module, e.g. under a standard UNIX® operating system (in our case under 10th Edition Research Unix). This paper introduces the concept of a UAPI and explains how the sample software controller was constructed.
Two photon photosensitizers for PDT: molecular engineering towards understanding of their excited state photophysics (2012)

We have recently initiated a research project that aims at understanding how systematic variations of the number and positioning of a given Inter-System Crossing (ISC) promoter (1,4-dibromophenyl) along the Intramolecular Charge Transfer (ICT) axis of chromophores will affect the outcome of singlet oxygen production, and how this effect will be related to the nature of the ICT transition. In this communication, this strategy is discussed and we show that a clear influence of the ISC promoter’s position on the chromophore exists, which can be used both to improve the singlet oxygen generation efficiency of the sensitizer, but also its linear and nonlinear spectroscopic features.
Role of Magnetic Reconnection in Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence (2017)

The current understanding of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence envisions turbulent eddies which are anisotropic in all three directions. In the plane perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field, this implies that such eddies become current-sheetlike structures at small scales. We analyze the role of magnetic reconnection in these structures and conclude that reconnection becomes important at a scale $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\sim}L{S}_{L}^{\ensuremath{-}4/7}$, where ${S}_{L}$ is the outer-scale ($L$) Lundquist number and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ is the smallest of the field-perpendicular eddy dimensions. This scale is larger than the scale set by the resistive diffusion of eddies, therefore implying a fundamentally different route to energy dissipation than that predicted by the Kolmogorov-like phenomenology. In particular, our analysis predicts the existence of the subinertial, reconnection interval of MHD turbulence, with the estimated scaling of the Fourier energy spectrum $E({k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}})\ensuremath{\propto}{k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}^{\ensuremath{-}5/2}$, where ${k}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ is the wave number perpendicular to the local mean magnetic field. The same calculation is also performed for high (perpendicular) magnetic Prandtl number plasmas ($Pm$), where the reconnection scale is found to be $\ensuremath{\lambda}/L\ensuremath{\sim}{S}_{L}^{\ensuremath{-}4/7}P{m}^{\ensuremath{-}2/7}$.
A dynamic model for aircraft route optimizing in airport surface management (2009)

With the increase of air traffic flow, aircraft conflicts and delays on hub airports have been complex and challenging in airport surface management for a long time. In this paper we propose a dynamic route optimizing model to decrease the conflicts on the taxiway and enhance the capacity of airport surface operation compared to the current operation mode. A ready-for-departing or just-arrived aircraft which will push back or taxi in should be assigned a shortest path before the action. At the same time the conflicts such as edge conflicts and cross-node conflicts should be considered. After making choice of taxiing route for the departure or arrival aircraft, we can also give an optimization entry taxi-network time based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) to decrease those conflicts. The dynamic optimizing model contributes two aspects: one is to find a shortest taxiway route without edge-conflicts; the other is to give the optimal cross conflict-free time. This model is validated efficiently by the setting of Guangzhou Baiyun airport based on MATLAB software.