gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of the gene for human von Willebrand factor (1989)

von Willebrand factor is a large multimeric plasma protein composed of identical subunits which contain four types of repeated domains. von Willebrand factor is essential for normal hemostasis, and deficiency of von Willebrand factor is the most common inherited bleeding disorder of man. Four human genomic DNA cosmid libraries and one bacteriophage lambda library were screened with von Willebrand factor cDNA probes. Twenty positive overlapping clones were characterized that span the entire von Willebrand factor gene. A high-resolution restriction map was constructed for approximately 75% of the locus and a total of approximately 33.8 kilobases was sequenced on both strands including all intron-exon boundaries. The gene is approximately 178 kilobases in length and contains 52 exons. The exons vary from 40 to 1379 base pairs in length, and the introns vary from 97 base pairs to approximately 19.9 kilobases in length. The signal peptide and propeptide (von Willebrand antigen II) of von Willebrand factor are encoded by 17 exons in approximately 80 kilobases of DNA while the mature subunit of von Willebrand factor and 3' noncoding region are encoded by 35 exons in the remaining approximately 100 kilobases of the gene. A number of repetitive sequences were identified including 14 Alu repeats and a approximately 670-base pair TCTA simple repeat in intron 40 that is polymorphic. Regions of the gene that encode homologous domains have similar structures, supporting a model for their origin by gene segment duplication.
Analytical trackback interconnections for SNS-based blog services (2010)

This paper presents a novel blog service designed by social network service (SNS) application, that is, SNS-Based blog service. The proposed service design adopts social network analysis's methodology (SNA) of social computing to develop a new blog service concept with analytical trackback interconnection and permalink. However, the SNS application of blog offers the analytical real-time results of social network structures and the relationships among the bloggers. In that case, the proposed blog service also can improve the more understanding, the less cognitive inertia, and the less exhaustion for the users who require the particular knowledge and experiences to address their problem or complete their tasks. When the three factors can be improved, the ideation creation and the value co-creation from the interconnected bloggers also can be indirectly achieved.
An Improved Technique For 1/4 Micrometer Gate Length Gaas Mesfet Fabrication By Optical Lithography (1987)

This paper describes an innovative photolithographic method for the fabrication of 1/4 micrometer gates in gallium arsenide Metal-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (GaAs MESFETs). The method utilizes image reversal technology, in which negative polarity images are produced in positive diazide photoresists. This work describes improvements obtained using ammonia as the image reversal catalyst over work previously described which used imidazole [1]. The ammonia based image reversal process is characterized with respect to sensitivity to several process parameters and uniformity of the resultant linewidth. The linewidth uniformity attained using this process is ± 0.03 micrometer over a 50 mm diameter wafer and is currently used to fabricate 1/4 micrometer gate MESFETs on gallium arsenide.
: <i>Le Printemps. L'Hécatombe à Diane et les Stances.</i> (1961)

Agrippa d'Aubigné. Le Printemps. L'Hécatombe à Diane et les Stances. Édition commentée par Henri Weber. (Publications de la Faculté des Lettres de l'Université de Montpellier, xv.) Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, [1960]. 330 pp. - Volume 14 Issue 1
Fluorescent Protein Approaches in Alpha Herpesvirus Research (2015)

In the nearly two decades since the popularization of green fluorescent protein (GFP), fluorescent protein-based methodologies have revolutionized molecular and cell biology, allowing us to literally see biological processes as never before. Naturally, this revolution has extended to virology in general, and to the study of alpha herpesviruses in particular. In this review, we provide a compendium of reported fluorescent protein fusions to herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and pseudorabies virus (PRV) structural proteins, discuss the underappreciated challenges of fluorescent protein-based approaches in the context of a replicating virus, and describe general strategies and best practices for creating new fluorescent fusions. We compare fluorescent protein methods to alternative approaches, and review two instructive examples of the caveats associated with fluorescent protein fusions, including describing several improved fluorescent capsid fusions in PRV. Finally, we present our future perspectives on the types of powerful experiments these tools now offer.
The Consequences of Illegal Drug Use (1991)

The consequences of drug use can be analysed at individual, group, community, societal and international levels, for the consequences may range from individual health problems such as abscesses and gangrene to the development of a very rich cartel of drug dealers which challenges the power and authority of the state, as at present in Colombia. Consequences are also dependent upon the society, upon the norms and values in a society, and the normative and legal framework which develops to control the use of drugs. Thus the consequences of say, being addicted to heroin, vary considerably according to whether that person is in the USA or in the UK. In the USA the consequences of heroin addiction for Vietnam veterans in terms of ability to stop using (Robins, 1973) was very different from that of the urban poor black. In the UK consequences can vary again according to where that person lives. Whereas the legal status of the drugs is the same throughout the UK, how that status is translated into policy and how that policy is implemented can vary from police force to police force, and not only from one health district to another, but within health districts.
Coxibs: is there a benefit when compared to traditional non-selective NSAIDs in postoperative pain management? (2011)

A multi-modal approach for the management of postoperative pain has become increasingly popular. Strategies to avoid the use of opioids and thus any opioid analgesic related side-effect is an important part of the expansion of ambulatory surgery. Combining long acting local anesthesia in the wound area and non-opioid analgesics are today a basic concept in management of day care, short stay patients. Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is often sufficient to provide satisfactory pain relief after minor and intermediate procedures. The use of multimodal or balanced analgesia has since long been shown to facilitate resumption of activities of daily living. The opioid sparing effects of the addition of NSAIDs to morphine patient-controlled analgesic (PCA) after major surgery has also shown repeatedly. The development and introduction of the most selective cyclo-oxygenase-2-inhibitors (Coxibs) was primarily indicated to reduce the risk and severity of gastrointestinal bleeding. The Coxibs have become an interesting option in postoperative pain management. The less pronounced effect on platelet function and subsequent lower risk for impaired hemeostasis makes them, in theory, a preferred option to the non-selective traditional NSAIDs. The benefit versus risk for a more generalized use of Coxibs must, however, be based on a thorough evaluation of the overall benefits and risks for the use of NSAIDs and a further evaluation on whether the specific therapeutic features of the Coxibs provide benefits outweighing their increased cost. This review aims at providing a background and an overview of the benefits versus risks for the use of Coxibs as part of a multimodal postoperative pain management.
Persistent infection of oligodendrocytes in Theiler's virus‐induced encephalomyelitis (1983)

Mice infected with Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) develop a chronic relapsing demyelinating myelitis. To determine the localization of viral antigen in infected cells of the spinal cord, we studied TMEV-infected SJL/J mice using immunoelectron microscopic peroxidase-antiperoxidase techniques. Viral antigens were expressed in the cytoplasm of neurons and astrocytes 4 and 11 days postinfection. At 28 days postinfection, macrophages, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes showed viral antigen in their cytoplasm. At 45, 83, 270, and 360 days postinfection, most infected cells were oligodendrocytes as revealed ultrastructurally by immunoperoxidase staining of prominent glial loops that connect with myelin lamellae. Some of these sheaths also showed Schmidt-Lanterman incisures that stained for viral antigen. Virus could be recovered at low titers for the duration of the illness. The findings indicate that TMEV induces persistent infection of oligodendrocytes which could then become the target of immune-mediated injury resulting in demyelination.
Interferometry of the intensity fluctuations in light. II. An experimental test of the theory for partially coherent light (1958)

Abstract A theoretical analysis is given of the correlation to be expected between the fluctuations in the outputs of two photoelectric detectors when these detectors are illuminated with partially coherent light. It is shown how this correlation depends upon the parameters of the equipment and upon the geometry of the experiment. The correlation may be detected either by linear multiplication of the fluctuations in the two outputs or by a coincidence counter which counts the simultaneous arrival of photons at the detectors. The theory is given for both these techniques and it is shown that they are closely equivalent. A laboratory test is described in which two photomultipliers were illuminated with partially coherent light and the correlation between the fluctuations in their outputs measured as a function of the degree of coherence. The results of this experiment are compared with the theory and it is shown that they agree within the limits of accuracy of the test; it is concluded that if there is any systematic error in the theory it is unlikely to exceed a few parts per cent.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Hypothesis of Causation (1975)

The airway of the young infant is anatomically vulnerable at the oropharyngeal level between the soft palate and the base of the skull. Airway occlusion at this level might occur during the muscle relaxation which occurs during REM sleep, facilitated by a hypermobile mandible, by the hypotonia of infection, perhaps by an enlarged tongue with a strong backwards sucking action which might be the result of the artificial feeding of the infant. It is possible that "cot deaths" (SIDS) may be precipitated by such oropharyngeal airway occlusion, cardiac arrest following variable periods of partial or complete oxygen deprivation.
The Dehydration of 22-Phenyl-3-methoxy-22-hydroxy-bisnor-5-cholene (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dehydration of 22-Phenyl-3-methoxy-22-hydroxy-bisnor-5-choleneF. W. Heyl, M. E. Herr, and A. P. CentolellaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 247–249Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01169a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Approaches to flip chip technology using electroless nickel-gold bumps (1995)

A chemical bumping technology developed and implemented at IZM is presented. The maskless process is based on electroless nickel deposition. Nickel bumps offer a surface which is very suitable for flip chip soldering. They are also appropriate for adhesive interconnections, e.g. with isotropic, anisotropic and non conductive adhesive. The deposition of solder and adhesives can be achieved by different methods on wafer and chip as well on substrates. Therefore, this paper demonstrates the broad spectrum and the high flexibility of these techniques with regard to low cost processes. The interconnections are performed on cost effective ceramic substrates, rigid printed circuit boards (FR-4) and flexible circuit materials. As an example of these approaches, the development of a flip chip interconnection method using dies with Ni/Au bumps and solder printing on ceramic substrates is presented. First reliability results of these joints after thermal cycling are also shown.
Supporting exploratory search tasks with interactive user modeling (2013)

Abstract This paper presents the design and study of interactive user modeling to support exploratory search tasks. Contrary to traditional interactions, such as query based search, query suggestions, or relevance feedback, interactive user modeling allows a user to perceive the state of the user model at all times and provide feedback that directly rewards or penalizes it. The technique allows the user to continuously tune the system's belief about the user's evolving information needs. We demonstrate that such functionality is useful in exploratory search where users need to get accustomed to a body of literature in a domain. We conducted two experiments where scientists carried out exploratory search tasks with our implementation of an interactive user modeling and retrieval system (SciNet) and two baselines: SciNet from which interactive user modeling was excluded and a real‐world baseline (Google Scholar). The results show that interactive user modeling can help users to more effectively find relevant, novel and diverse information without compromises in task execution time.
Achieving ZVS in a two quadrant converter using a simplified auxiliary circuit with novel control (2008)

This paper proposes a new soft-switching scheme as well as a novel control approach for a two quadrant converter. The auxiliary engine utilizes a simple architecture consisting of pair of switches, an inductor and several diodes to provide the necessary characteristic. We propose a simple two-quadrant current feedback scheme that adjusts the auxiliary switch on-times appropriately to minimize conduction losses, thus achieving ZVS in both quadrants from maximum negative to maximum positive load. Dead-time is fixed but conduction time of the auxiliary switches occurring within the dead-time is variable with load. A brief survey of various conventional techniques is also presented. PSIM simulations for the proposed model as well as a unique MathCAD analysis of the various states along with empirical data are provided.
Multiagent Architecture for Intelligent Autonomous Systems (2009)

The paper presents methods that allow an intelligent multiagent system to coordinate and negotiate their actions in order to achieve a common goal.
Current Opinion on the Role of Neurogenesis in the Therapeutic Strategies for Alzheimer Disease, Parkinson Disease, and Ischemic Stroke; Considering Neuronal Voiding Function (2016)

Neurological diseases such as Alzheimer, Parkinson, and ischemic stroke have increased in occurrence and become important health issues throughout the world. There is currently no effective therapeutic strategy for addressing neurological deficits after the development of these major neurological disorders. In recent years, it has become accepted that adult neural stem cells located in the subventricular and subgranular zones have the ability to proliferate and differentiate in order to replace lost or damaged neural cells. There have been many limitations in the clinical application of both endogenous and exogenous neurogenesis for neurological disorders. However, many studies have investigated novel mechanisms in neurogenesis and have shown that these limitations can potentially be overcome with appropriate stimulation and various approaches. We will review concepts related to possible therapeutic strategies focused on the perspective of neurogenesis for the treatment of patients diagnosed with Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and ischemic stroke based on current reports.
Divergence and Redundancy of 16S rRNA Sequences in Genomes with Multiple <i>rrn</i> Operons (2004)

The level of sequence heterogeneity among rrn operons within genomes determines the accuracy of diversity estimation by 16S rRNA-based methods. Furthermore, the occurrence of widespread horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between distantly related rrn operons casts doubt on reconstructions of phylogenetic relationships. For this study, patterns of distribution of rrn copy numbers, interoperonic divergence, and redundancy of 16S rRNA sequences were evaluated. Bacterial genomes display up to 15 operons and operon numbers up to 7 are commonly found, but approximately 40% of the organisms analyzed have either one or two operons. Among the Archaea, a single operon appears to dominate and the highest number of operons is five. About 40% of sequences among 380 operons in 76 bacterial genomes with multiple operons were identical to at least one other 16S rRNA sequence in the same genome, and in 38% of the genomes all 16S rRNAs were invariant. For Archaea, the number of identical operons was only 25%, but only five genomes with 21 operons are currently available. These considerations suggest an upper bound of roughly threefold overestimation of bacterial diversity resulting from cloning and sequencing of 16S rRNA genes from the environment; however, the inclusion of genomes with a single rrn operon may lower this correction factor to approximately 2.5. Divergence among operons appears to be small overall for both Bacteria and Archaea, with the vast majority of 16S rRNA sequences showing <1% nucleotide differences. Only five genomes with operons with a higher level of nucleotide divergence were detected, and Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis exhibited the highest level of divergence (11.6%) noted to date. Overall, four of the five extreme cases of operon differences occurred among thermophilic bacteria, suggesting a much higher incidence of HGT in these bacteria than in other groups.
A Gradient Based Algorithm for PAPR Reduction of OFDM using Tone Reservation Technique (2008)

In this paper, we propose a low complexity gradient based approach for enabling the Tone Reservation (TR) technique to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated for different pilot location in the frequency domain, and also in combination with the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading technique proposed in [Heung-Gyoon Ryu, et al., 2007]; in order to further reduce the PAPR. Simulation results show that the new technique achieves significant PAPR reductions, which are further enhanced when it is combined with DFT spreading. The simulation results also show that the performance of the technique is dependent on the pilot positions. In addition, further investigation was performed where the reduction tones are constrained, equal to the average power mask for the data tones, by a simple projection rule in the frequency domain both for the TR scheme and for the combined scheme. Simulation results show that the contiguous pilot arrangement provides better PAPR reduction performance in both cases, when the peak-cancellation signal is constrained in the frequency domain.
Debate de un proyecto constitucional: usos metafóricos, metonímicos y giros de lenguaje (1984)

Estas veinticinco paginas -1857 al 1882no comprenden ni mucho menos la discusion parlamentaria de ese dia. Cuando tuve la oportunidad de hacer un estudio sociojuridico sobre ella junto al Prof. Dr. Jose Vericat N. de la Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociologia de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, me fui percatando de la escasa -o nula, diria yobase teorico-fundamental del Derecho en el debate parlamentario que se daba en las Cortes. Bajo tal predicado y pensando en que si el Derecho no se encuentra presente en la forma y contenido de un debate Constitucional ello era digno de analisis, dedique mi enfoque al uso que el discurso de los diferentes expositores mostraba. En las paginas analizadas estas son algunas de las estructuras linguisticas empleadas:
Low dI/dt noise and reflection free CMOS signal driver (1989)

A CMOS signal driver with with an order of magnitude smaller <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dI</e1> / <e1 xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dt</e1> noise than the conventional design without incurring the penalty of signal delay is described. A signal-reflection-suppressing ability, which comes from the configuration of driver circuit itself, is highlighted. The crosstalk noise of floating signal interconnection lines is analyzed and measured
A Dynamic Climate Downscaling Prediction System for N.E. Brazil (2003)

The International Research Institute for climate prediction (IRI) is collaborating with several levels of government and various local and foreign researchers in several key disciplines to help in the development of policies, tools and capacities to respond to the problems of rural drought and water management in the state of Ceara, Brazil. Climate prediction is a key component among the collaborations. The IRI and FUNCEME have developed a climate dynamical downscaling prediction system over Northeast Brazil. The NCEP RSM and ECHAM AGCM is the core of this prediction system. SST forecasts are produced first, which then serve as the lower boundary condition forcing for the NCEP RSM . ECHAM4.5 AGCM nested system. A number of simulations were performed to obtain the optimum horizontal resolution and the size of computational domain of RSM. With observed SSTs as boundary forcing, an ensemble of ten runs of NCEP RSM . ECHAM4.5 AGCM nested system was done for the period of 1971-2000. The skill estimates obtained from this sort of hind casting are considered as upper limit of forecast skills. A number of statistical tools are used to correct the systematic and conditional biases in the post-processing of model forecasts. Seasonal climate forecasts for year 2002 and validation will be presented in a companion talk.