gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo rotatory knee stability. Ligamentous and muscular contributions. (1982)

Active and passive components of torsional stability of the knee were measured with an instrumented clinical knee-testing apparatus. Torque-versus-rotation response curves were recorded in the non-weight-bearing condition with muscles relaxed for twenty normal subjects who were tested at 20 and 90 degrees of knee flexion with the hips flexed and extended. At applied torque levels as high as +/-10 newton-meters, tibial rotation averaged approximately one-half the foot rotation. The mean algebraic right-left rotation difference for the group was nearly zero; however, sizable standard deviations for this difference indicated considerable right-left variations between individuals in the test group. Maximum isometrically generated tibial torques were measured by asking the subjects to twist with an explosive effort against a locked torque-cell. No significant differences in generated torque were measured between preferred and non-preferred lower limbs, with only one minor exception. Subjects generally were able to generate greater internal torque than external torque. When the foot was locked in a position of internal or external rotation, an individual was able to generate increased tibial torque in the direction that would tend to return the foot to the neutral position. Flexion of the knee from 20 to 90 degrees increased externally generated torque, while internal torque was affected to a lesser degree. Flexion of the hip had little effect on generated torque. Six cadaver knees without menisci that were tested to failure in external rotation showed torque levels for ligament failure to be similar in magnitude to the maximum generated isometric torque that acts to protect the knee ligaments.
Generating Informative and Diverse Conversational Responses via Adversarial Information Maximization (2018)

Responses generated by neural conversational models tend to lack informativeness and diversity. We present Adversarial Information Maximization (AIM), an adversarial learning strategy that addresses these two related but distinct problems. To foster response diversity, we leverage adversarial training that allows distributional matching of synthetic and real responses. To improve informativeness, our framework explicitly optimizes a variational lower bound on pairwise mutual information between query and response. Empirical results from automatic and human evaluations demonstrate that our methods significantly boost informativeness and diversity.
Intravenous amiodarone for recurrent sustained hypotensive ventricular tachyarrhythmias (1996)

Intravenous amiodarone is a relatively safe therapy for ventricular tachyarrhythmias refractory to other medications.
Data management for large-scale scientific computations in high performance distributed systems (2003)

With the increasing number of scientific applications manipulating huge amounts of data, effective data management is an increasingly important problem. Unfortunately, so far the solutions to this data management problem either require deep understanding of specific storage architectures and file layouts (as in high-performance file systems) or produce unsatisfactory I/O performance in exchange for ease-of-use and portability (as in relational DBMSs). In this paper we present a new environment which is built around an active meta-data management system (MDMS). The key components of our three-tiered architecture are user application, the MDMS, and a hierarchical storage system (HSS). Our environment overcomes the performance problems of pure database-oriented solutions, while maintaining their advantages in terms of ease-of-use and portability. The high levels of performance are achieved by the MDMS, with the aid of user-specified directives. Our environment supports a simple, easy-to-use yet powerful user interface, leaving the task of choosing appropriate I/O techniques to the MDMS. We discuss the importance of an active MDMS and show how the three components, namely application, the MDMS, and the HSS, fit together. We also report performance numbers from our initial implementation and illustrate that significant improvements are made possible without undue programming effort.
Cues for Haptic Perception of Compliance (2009)

For the perception of the hardness of compliant materials, several cues are available. In this paper, the relative roles of force/displacement and surface deformation cues are investigated. We have measured discrimination thresholds with silicone rubber stimuli of differing thickness and compliance. Also, the influence of the finger span is assessed. When compliance is expressed as the Young's modulus, the thresholds in the different conditions follow Weber's law with a Weber fraction of 15 percent. When the surface deformation cue was removed, thresholds more than trebled. Under the assumption of optimal cue combination, this suggests that a large fraction of the information comes from the surface deformation cue. Using a matching experiment, we found that differences in object thickness are correctly taken into account. When cues appear to contradict each other, the conflict is resolved by means of a compromise.
Evaluation of a material parameter extraction algorithm using MRI-based displacement measurements (2000)

The performance of an inversion algorithm is investigated when applied to measured displacement data for a determination of the material parameters /sup /spl lambda/+2/spl mu////sub /spl rho// (longitudinal wave velocity squared) and /sup /spl mu////sub /spl rho// (shear wave velocity squared) throughout an inhomogeneous test phantom. The vector displacement components throughout a test phantom subject to monochromatic shear excitation measured in time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were temporally Fourier transformed to extract the component of monochromatic excitation, and the data was delivered to the inversion algorithm. A series of inversions is presented demonstrating the effects of subsequent wavenumber filtering, polarization selection, and variation in the size of the incremental volume elements. The resulting performance is assessed, and recommendations for future efforts are discussed.
p27<sup>kip1</sup>Antisense-Induced Proliferative Activity of Rat Corneal Endothelial Cells (2004)

Treatment with p27(kip1) antisense oligonucleotides followed by postincubation in 10% FBS lowers endogenous p27(kip1) protein levels and promotes proliferation in confluent cultures of rat CECs.
Operational Performance Recovery of SO[sub 2]-Contaminated Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2010)

Airborne sulfur contaminants (, , and COS) cause the performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) to degrade because they adsorb to the Pt catalysts and modify reaction sites for oxygen reduction. Electrochemical methods can be used for PEMFC performance recovery by oxidizing adsorbed sulfur species on the Pt catalysts to sulfate at high potentials and then removing them as water-soluble anions at low potentials. We examine the effectiveness of five distinct methods for PEMFC performance recovery after 3 h of exposure to 1 ppm in air at and (7 psi) and relative humidity of . The methods are tested when the Pt surface is partially covered but not completely saturated with sulfur species. The methods include variations in the cathode potential and gas environment ( or air). In the optimum method, the cells are switched from normal operation to by electrochemically consuming in the air. The potential is then cycled between 0.09 and 1.1 V vs the potential at the anode to restore 97% of the platinum catalyst electrochemical surface area. This in situ cycling method returns the polarization curves of contaminated PEMFCs to their original performance in less than 3 min.
The clinical significance of symptom denial among women with anorexia nervosa: Another disposable myth? (1995)

Abstract The denial of illness or symptoms among women with anorexia nervosa is a widely recognized phenomenon. In the current study we compared women with anorexia nervosa who denied their symptoms (deniers, n = 29) to those who did not (admitters, n = 76) with regard to several clinically relevant variables, including personality features and outcome at 12-month follow-up. At intake, we found that the two groups did not differ with regard to age, age at onset of eating disturbance, body weight, or likelihood of having been in treatment before. Admitters had greater duration of restrictive eating and were somewhat more likely to experience bulimic symptoms. At 12-month follow-up, the two groups did not differ with regard to body weight, length of time in treatment, or outcome. Relative to admitters, deniers exhibited greater sociability and confidence. Admitters demonstrated greater levels of social disinterest and discomfort, and pessimism, compared to deniers. Results are discussed with regard to clinical relevance and dimctionsfor further research.
Submicron scaling of AlGaAs/GaAs self-aligned thin emitter heterojunction bipolar transistors (SATE-HBT) with current gain independent of emitter area (1989)

A new, self-aligned process technology for AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) has been developed, which is based upon ultrathin (100–200 Å) AlGaAs emitter layers. The thin AlGaAs emitter is used as a selective etch stop layer for contacting the p+ base layer and acts as an integral surface passivation layer which eliminates recombination currents in the extrinsic base region. This novel technology yields transistors with emitter dimensions as small as 0.3 × 4.0 µm2 and current gain values independent of emitter area.
Synthesis of fluorescent enone derived α-amino acids (2009)

The development of a facile and general method for the preparation of enone derived alpha-amino acids is described. The key step involves a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction between an aspartic acid derived beta-keto phosphonate ester and a range of aldehydes resulting in the formation of highly functionalised alpha-amino acids in good yields. An efficient two-stage deprotection process using mild conditions was developed to give the parent alpha-amino acids. Application of this methodology has produced a novel fluorescent alpha-amino acid that has potential as a biological marker.
Flexible multicast authentication for time-triggered embedded control network applications (2009)

Security for wired embedded networks is becoming a greater concern as connectivity to the outside world increases. Protocols used in these networks omit support for authenticating messages to prevent masquerade and replay attacks. The unique constraints of embedded control systems make incorporating existing multicast authentication schemes impractical. Our approach provides multicast authentication for time-triggered applications by validating truncated message authentication codes (MACs) across multiple packets. We extend this approach to tolerate occasional invalid MACs, analyze our approach through simulated attacks, and give an upper bound on the probability of successful attack. This approach allows a tradeoff among per-packet authentication cost, application level latency, tolerance to invalid MACs, and probability of induced failure, while satisfying typical embedded system constraints.
Mechanisms of Intimal Hyperplasia Learned from a Murine Carotid Artery Ligation Model (2008)

The murine carotid artery ligation (CAL) model has been widely used in the research of intimal hyperplasia, a major pathological process in vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty. Using a variety of gene knockout or transgenic mice and different pharmacological interventions, these studies have yielded significant new findings that contribute not only to unraveling the basic molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia, but also to the identification of novel targets for intervention of these diseases. The current review outlines the findings derived from the murine CAL model, including studies run by the authors, covering the impacts of hyperlipidemia, pro-inflammatory factors, endothelial dysfunction, protease activity and growth mediators on neointimal hyperplasia.
Resistance of in Vitro-derived Cucumber Plants to Pythium aphanidermatum (1990)

`Embryonic axes-derived `Burpless Hybrid' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) plantlets germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 16 combinations of BAP and NAA and seedlings derived from whole seeds cultured on semi-solid agar were inoculated in vitro with two isolates (WFU3 and WFM13) of Pythium aphanidermatum. All axes-derived plantlets and whole seedlings inoculated with WFM13 isolates were susceptible to blight and died 2 days after inoculation. Similarly, all seedlings inoculated with WFU3 isolates were killed within 2 days after inoculation; however, the rate of development and severity of blight varied among the axes-derived plantlets. Blight on axes-derived plantlets, regenerated on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg BAP/liter and 0.2 mg NAA/liter, was significantly less than on regenerants cultured on all other amended MS media. On some media, callus developed on crowns and/or primary roots. The presence of callus influenced resistance to Pythium. In a second experiment, axes-derived cucumber regenerants from five genotypes, cultured on MS medium supplemented with 2 mg BAP/liter and 0.2 mg N&A/liter, were compared for their resistance to P. aphanidermatum isolate WFU3. Resistance was significantly greater for `Burpless Hybrid' and `Sweetslice' than for three other genotypes. Chemical names used: 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP); α -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA).
Induction of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF) receptor by granulocyte CSF increases the differentiative options of a murine hematopoietic progenitor cell. (1990)

32DC13(G) is an interleukin-3-dependent murine hematopoietic precursor cell line which differentiates into neutrophilic granulocytes upon exposure to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) but ceases to proliferate and dies when exposed to granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF. Surface receptors for GM-CSF are undetectable on 32DC13(G) cells but can be induced by priming the cells with G-CSF. Exposure of the G-CSF-primed cells to GM-CSF then results in the generation of monocytes as well as granulocytes. The acquired competence to respond to GM-CSF remains irreversibly encoded in the primed cells, although the GM-CSF receptor can be down regulated by interleukin-3. This phenomenon suggests a mechanism by which hematopoietic precursors may obtain additional receptors, thereby increasing their differentiative potential.
Residual estrogen receptor availability during fulvestrant 500 mg therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer. (2014)

588 Background: Fulvestrant competitively binds the ER and can decrease its expression. However, it is currently unknown whether the standard dose of 500 mg intramuscularly (days 1, 14, 28 and every 4 weeks thereafter) in metastatic breast cancer patients is sufficient for maximal ER downregulation. In a feasibility study we therefore evaluated whether fulvestrant 500 mg completely abolishes ER availability in patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer. Methods: Sixteen patients received fulvestrant and underwent positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) before therapy initiation (scan 1), on day 28 (scan 2) and day 84 (scan 3) to monitor tumor [18F]fluoroestradiol (FES) uptake. A relative decrease of <75% in the median (background-corrected) tumor FES uptake and a residual standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥1.5 was predefined as incomplete reduction in ER availability. Plasma fulvestrant levels were determined concurrently with the scans by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Results: All patients had at least one FES-positive (SUVmax ≥1.5) lesion before therapy initiation. A total of 131 FES-positive lesions were identified on FES-PET/CT (median SUVmax in patients = 2.9 [range 1.7 - 6.5]). The relative change in tumor FES-uptake in patients during fulvestrant was -85% at scan 2, but varied widely across individuals (-99% to +60%). Median residual tumor SUVmax was 1.7 (1.1 - 3.8) at scan 2 and remained stable at scan 3. Fulvestrant reduced tumor FES uptake incompletely at scan 2 in 6 of 16 patients (38%). Eight of nine patients with ≥75% decrease in median FES-uptake at scan 2 subsequently experienced clinical benefit from fulvestrant therapy, compared to only one of six with <75% decrease. Plasma fulvestrant levels were 33 (16 to 53) nmol/L at scan 2 and 27 (13 to 42) nmol/L at scan 3 and did not correlate with changes in tumor FES uptake. Conclusions: FES-PET showed significant residual ER availability in tumors during the first 3 months of fulvestrant therapy in 38% of patients, which was related to early progression. FES-PET may be used as an effect sensor for fulvestrant efficacy and may help to identify patients that could potentially benefit from a higher dose. Clinical trial information: NCT01377324.
OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE INFLUENCE ON THE RELEASE OF PROLACTIN IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS (1974)

SUMMARY The concentration of prolactin in serum after oestrogen and progesterone injection into spayed rats was measured by radioimmunoassay. After a single injection of 5 μg oestradiol benzoate (OB) into long-term ovariectomized rats, serum prolactin concentrations showed a circadian rhythm with high levels in the afternoon and almost no changes in the morning. Peaks of prolactin occurred 2, 3 and 4 days after the injection. Below a dose of 1 μg OB, the response was dose-dependent, but the response was then maximal. In spayed rats primed with 5 μg OB, the injection of 2 mg progesterone 2, 3 or 4 days later resulted in a significant increase in serum prolactin. This response, in contrast to that of oestrogen, occurred in the morning and in the evening and was found to be dose-dependent. The rise in serum prolactin after injection of 1 mg progesterone also showed a close relationship to the priming dose of OB. Progesterone had no effect in spayed, untreated animals. Maximal levels of prolactin were attained 3–4 h after the s.c. injection of progesterone. The release of prolactin which can be induced either by OB or by progesterone was blocked by the administration of progesterone injected 1 day before the expected release would occur. These results indicate that progesterone exerts both facilitatory and inhibitory effects on prolactin secretion. Male rats were found to be less sensitive to the ovarian steroid treatment. It is suggested that oestrogen could be responsible for the rise in prolactin observed at pro-oestrus and progesterone for the increase in prolactin in pseudopregnancy and pregnancy.
A novel dimension-reduction technique for the capacitance extraction of 3-D VLSI interconnects (1998)

In this paper, a new capacitance extraction method called the dimension-reduction technique (DRT) is presented for three-dimensional (3-D) very large-scale integration (VLSI) interconnects. The DRT converts a complex 3-D problem into a series of cascading simple two-dimensional (2-D) problems. Each 2-D problem is solved separately, thus we can choose the most efficient method according to the arrangement of conductors. We have used the DRT to extract the capacitance matrix of multilayered and multiconductor crossovers, bends, vias with signal lines, and open-end. The results are in close agreement with those of Ansoft's SPICELINK and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT) FastCap, but the computing time and memory size used by the DRT are several (even ten) times less than those used by SPICELINK and FastCap.
Bone marrow transplantation for globoid cell leukodystrophy, adrenoleukodystrophy, metachromatic leukodystrophy, and Hurler syndrome (1999)

Bone marrow transplantation protocols for inherited metabolic storage diseases are unique for each disorder treated. Differences depend also upon how old the patient was when onset occurred and rate of progression of disease. Treatment is directed to prevent or ameliorate the inexorable neurological deterioration that is the major pathophysiological event in all of these inherited metabolic storage diseases.
Strain at the internal cervical os assessed with quasi-static elastography is associated with the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery at ≤34 weeks of gestation (2015)

Increased strain in the internal cervical os is associated with higher risk of spontaneous preterm delivery both at ≤34 and <37 weeks of gestation.
Five Capabilities Model (2005)

AbstractIn this chapter we present the 5 Capabilities (5C) model which is a conceptual framework for analyzing and designing the capabilities of an intelligent agent. The 5C model defines five dimensions of agent intelligence — using the notion of separation of concerns — where each dimension plays a role in the development of intelligent software agents. These dimensions are communication, competence, self, planner and environment. The company Bolesian B.V. first proposed the 5C model during an EU-funded project, called MARTRANS [van Aart et al., 2000]. From there it was developed as a part of internal Bolesian development projects and prototypes were built in Java and Delphi. Later it is was refined and used as professional agent analysis and design framework by Acklin B.V. to develop commercial applications. This chapter is partly based on two articles: Agent-based Logistic Service Provision co-authored by Kris van Marcke, published at the Fifth International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi- Agent Technology (PAAM 2000) and International Insurance Traffic with Software Agents co-authored by Kris van Marcke, published at the 15th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI 2002).KeywordsEnvironment ModelTask ExecutionCapability ModelLicense PlatePlanner ModelThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.