gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidimensional traction force microscopy reveals out-of-plane rotational moments about focal adhesions (2012)

Recent methods have revealed that cells on planar substrates exert both shear (in-plane) and normal (out-of-plane) tractions against the extracellular matrix (ECM). However, the location and origin of the normal tractions with respect to the adhesive and cytoskeletal elements of cells have not been elucidated. We developed a high-spatiotemporal-resolution, multidimensional (2.5D) traction force microscopy to measure and model the full 3D nature of cellular forces on planar 2D surfaces. We show that shear tractions are centered under elongated focal adhesions whereas upward and downward normal tractions are detected on distal (toward the cell edge) and proximal (toward the cell body) ends of adhesions, respectively. Together, these forces produce significant rotational moments about focal adhesions in both protruding and retracting peripheral regions. Temporal 2.5D traction force microscopy analysis of migrating and spreading cells shows that these rotational moments are highly dynamic, propagating outward with the leading edge of the cell. Finally, we developed a finite element model to examine how rotational moments could be generated about focal adhesions in a thin lamella. Our model suggests that rotational moments can be generated largely via shear lag transfer to the underlying ECM from actomyosin contractility applied at the intracellular surface of a rigid adhesion of finite thickness. Together, these data demonstrate and probe the origin of a previously unappreciated multidimensional stress profile associated with adhesions and highlight the importance of new approaches to characterize cellular forces.
The dependence of the virtual cathode in a Polywell™ on the coil current and background gas pressure (2010)

Floating potential measurements have been carried out on a Polywell™ inertial electrostatic confinement device that uses magnetic cusps to trap electrons and establish a virtual cathode. In particular, the dependence of the floating potential on the coil current and background gas pressure was studied. The magnetic field coils were driven by a pulsed current supply and it was found that the virtual cathode could only be established within a narrow range of currents. In addition, it was shown that the magnitude of the floating potential increased with decreasing background gas pressure. It is conjectured that the depth of the virtual cathode and its lifetime are dependent on the magnitude of the injected electron current.
Red carpeting the newer antidiabetics. (2012)

The rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes on a global scale beseeches an urgent need for newer and better treatment options. Our better understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes has enabled a continual churn out of newer antidiabetic agents with varying modes of action. Sodium-Glucose Transport Proteins-2 inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide analogues, glucokinase activators, dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists, monoclonal antibodies, and dopamine-2 receptor agonists either as monotherapy or combination therapy with the existing oral hypoglycemic agents compound our fight against diabetes. A review of the newer drugs targeting various aspects in the management of diabetes is presented.
Research Notes: Another major gene for resistance to Phytophthora megasperma var. sojae in soybeans (1981)

L62-904 has resistance (Table 1) to some races of Phytophthora megasperma var . sojae (Pms) . L62-904 was developed by Dr. R. L. Bernard at Urbana from Harosoy6 x T240; it was an F2 selection from an F1 - BC5 plant that was Ps ps W1 w1. It was used at Harrow as a w1w1 'Harosoy' isoline with white flowers/green hypocotyls as a genetic marker in crosses before it was discovered to have Pms resistance.
Role of lysosomes on human ulcerogenic gastropathies. Effect of zinc ion on the lysosomal stability. (1999)

Numerous conditions are involved in the equilibrium between protective and aggressive factors for gastric mucosa injuring. Among them the lysosomal membrane stability plays a very important role in the inflammatory process. Zinc ion is a well-known lysosomal membrane stabilizer. When given orally to animals or even to humans it protects gastric mucosa against erosive lesions induced by a variety of experimental conditions. Compared with the control group (8.45 +/- 1.49 mU/mg) the lysosomes isolated from samples of gastric mucosa obtained from patients suffering of erosive gastropathies, showed a great liability on their membranes (18.37 +/- 4.52 mU/mg). When these patients were treated orally with zinc sulfate (100 mg of zinc element, twice a day, for two weeks) the lysosomes isolated from their gastric mucosa showed a strong reduction on enzymatic activity (5.49 +/- 1.02 mU/mg), probably due to increasing on the membrane stability. Based on these experimental findings we propose the use of zinc ion as an important adjuvant in treatment of erosive gastropathies.
A Real-Time 2-D Vector Doppler System for Clinical Experimentation (2008)

A real-time hardware software 2-D vector Doppler system has been realized by means of the FEMMINA platform. The system operates by performing two independent 1-D Doppler estimations on the scan plane of a linear array probe along different directions; the probe is connected to a commercial scanner. The reconstructed velocity is presented in real-time as superposition on the conventional B-mode images. Two different scanning techniques have been implemented, in order to carry out the 2-D Doppler investigation in the area of interest. These techniques allow to use the system both in vivo and in vivo. An extensive set of simulations has been performed in order to establish a gold standard regarding vector Doppler 2-D techniques, and to be able to assess the performance of the 2-D Doppler system by comparing simulated and experimental results. The whole real-time 2-D vector Doppler system is fully certified as hospital equipment, and thus it can be employed to carry out an experimental characterization of the 2-D Doppler technique in the clinical environment.
Comparing American Gastroenterological Association Pancreatic Cyst Management Guidelines with Fukuoka Consensus Guidelines as Predictors of Advanced Neoplasia in Patients with Suspected Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms (2016)

In a retrospective analysis, the AGA guidelines are not superior to the Fukuoka guidelines in identifying AN in suspected PCNs. Both sets of guidelines have fair PPV for detection of AN, which would lead to avoidable resections in patients without AN. Additionally, the high-risk features of both guidelines do not accurately identify all patients with AN.
Serum Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Concentrations Associate With Diabetes Status but Not Arterial Stiffness in Children With Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

Circulating MCP-1 was not associated with arterial stiffness but was significantly elevated in children with type 1 diabetes, indicating a proinflammatory state in children as young as 10 years. The clinical significance of MCP-1 elevation in type 1 diabetes needs further investigation.
New bandwidth-control design: policer for probable packet discard (PPPD) (2004)

A new bandwidth-control design - called policer for packet probable discard (PPPD) - has been developed. This not only limits the bandwidth of each user to a policing bandwidth, but also achieves TCP throughputs equal to the policing bandwidth. The proposed PPPD uses an improved leaky bucket algorithm, by which packets are discarded at a certain probability when the received bandwidth is judged to be more than the policing bandwidth. Simulations show that the proposed PPPD increases TCP throughput from 74% to 95%, or more, of the policing bandwidth.
Spray-Dried Albumin Microspheres for the Intra-Articular Delivery of Dexamethasone (1994)

This work deals with the preparation of corticosteroid-loaded albumin microspheres designed for intra-articular administration. Dexamethasone was chosen as the model drug and bovine serum albumin was used as the biodegradable, natural polymer. Albumin microspheres were produced by spray drying, a 'one-step' technique seldom used in the preparation of microparticulate drug delivery systems with particle sizes < 10 microns. The effects of both polymer/drug ratio used in the formulations and the different heat-stabilization conditions were evaluated on morphology, size, solubility characteristics, drug loading and 'in vitro' drug release of the microparticles.
Purification and Properties of NADP‐Dependent <scp>l</scp>(+)‐3‐Hydroxybutyryl‐CoA Dehydrogenase from <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i> (1973)

l (+)‐3‐Hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase was purified 18 fold with a 29% yield from extracts of Clostridium kluyveri. The enzyme was found to be homogeneous by gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The analysis of the sedimentation equilibrium and gel filtration experiments gave a molecular weight of 220000 and 215000, respectively. Gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecylsulfate revealed the presence of 8 subunits per enzyme molecule. The subunits contain approx. 5 sulfhydryl groups per mole of protein (26000× g ). l (+)‐3‐Hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase from C. kluyveri is NADP‐dependent. The enzyme does not oxidize 3‐hydroxyvaleryl‐CoA or 3‐hydroxycaproyl‐CoA. The specific activity of the pure enzyme as measured by acetoacetyl‐CoA reduction at the optimum pH of 6.5 is approx. 450 U/mg protein at 25°C. The oxidation of 3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA at pH 9.5 proceeds with 7% of the rate of acetoacetyl‐CoA reduction. N ‐Acetyl‐ S ‐acetoacetyl‐cysteamine is reduced with 15% of the rate of acetoacetyl‐CoA. Measurements of the Michaelis constants for the substrates of l (+)‐3‐hydroxybutyryl‐CoA dehydrogenase gave values of 50 μM for acetoacetyl‐CoA and 70 μM. for NADPH 2 .
Effect of Misidentification on Genetic Gain and Estimation of Breeding Value in Dairy Cattle Populations (2000)

The effect of pedigree errors on estimated breeding value and genetic gain for a sex-limited trait with heritability of 0.25 was evaluated. Ten populations of 100,000 milking cows were simulated with correct paternity identification for all animals, and 10 populations were simulated with 10% incorrect paternal identification. The initial populations consisted of 100,000 unrelated individuals, and simulations were continued for 20 yr. The BLUP genetic evaluations were computed every year by an animal model analysis for each complete population. Estimated breeding values for the populations with 10% incorrect paternity were biased, especially in the later generations. Genetic gains were 4.3% higher with correct paternity identification. Reduction of pedigree errors by paternity confirmation of daughters of test sires by DNA microsatellites may result in considerable economic benefits, depending on the cost of testing in each country.
Organometallic chemical vapor deposition of cobalt and formation of cobalt disilicide (1988)

The deposition of Co thin films by organometallic chemical vapor deposition is reported. Co is of interest in very large scale integration technology as a catalyst for electroless plating of other metals and as a precursor to formation of CoSi2. High purity, conformal films of Co are deposited by pyrolysis of Co2(CO)8 at 200 °C in vacuum. These films exhibit electrical resistivities of 5–10 μΩ cm and excellent adhesion to Si and SiO2. CoSi2 is formed by heating the samples at 700 °C. The CoSi2 films resulting from reaction of the Co films with the Si substrate contain larger grains than the starting film and exhibit electrical resistivities of ∼13–37 μΩ cm. Selective formation of CoSi2 on patterned test wafers shows similar attributes.
Conducting the Temperature-Dependent Conformational Change of Macrocyclic Compounds to the Lattice Dilation of Quantum Dots for Achieving an Ultrasensitive Nanothermometer (2013)

We report a ligand decoration strategy to enlarge the lattice dilation of quantum dots (QDs), which greatly enhances the characteristic sensitivity of a QD-based thermometer. Upon a multiple covalent linkage of macrocyclic compounds with QDs, for example, thiolated cyclodextrin (CD) and CdTe, the conformation-related torsional force of CD is conducted to the inner lattice of CdTe under altered temperature. The combination of the lattice expansion/contraction of CdTe and the stress from CD conformation change greatly enhances the shifts of both UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, thus improving the temperature sensitivity. As an example, β-CD-decorated CdTe QDs exhibit the 0.28 nm shift of the spectra per degree centigrade (0.28 nm/°C), 2.4-fold higher than those of monothiol-ligand-decorated QDs.
Examination of the Function of RANTES, MIP-1α, and MIP-1β following Interaction with Heparin-like Glycosaminoglycans (2000)

Chemokines are a group of small proteins that have a variety of functions, including the activation and recruitment of immune cells during episodes of inflammation. In common with many cytokines, it has been observed that chemokines have the potential to bind heparin-like glycosaminoglycan molecules, which are normally expressed on proteoglycan components of the cell surface and extracellular matrix. The significance of this interaction for chemokine activity remains a subject of debate. In this study, Chinese hamster ovary cells were transfected separately with the human chemokine receptors CCR1 and CCR5, and these receptors were shown to induce an intracytoplasmic Ca(2+) flux and cellular chemotaxis following stimulation with the natural CC chemokine ligands (MIP-1alpha, RANTES (regulated on activation normal T cell expressed), and MIP-1beta). In further experiments, mutant CHO cells, with a defect in normal glycosaminoglycan (GAG) expression, were also transfected with, and shown to express similar levels of, CCR1 and CCR5. Although these receptors were functional, it was found that the mutant cells required exposure to higher concentrations of ligands than the wild-type cells in order to produce the same intracytoplasmic Ca(2+) flux. Radioligand binding experiments demonstrated that specific chemokine receptors expressed by wild-type cells had a significantly greater affinity for MIP-1alpha than similar receptors expressed by GAG-deficient mutants. However, there was no significant difference between these cells in their affinity for RANTES or MIP-1beta. In conclusion, it has been demonstrated clearly that GAG expression is not necessary for the biological activity of the chemokines MIP-1alpha, RANTES, or MIP-1beta. However, the presence of cell surface GAGs does enhance the activity of low concentrations of these chemokines by a mechanism that appears to involve sequestration onto the cell surface.
U.S. mortality from Letterer-Siwe disease, 1960-1964. (1968)

Study of mortality in the United States from Letterer-Siwe Disease revealed a striking concentration of deaths in the first 2 years of life and aggregation in five sets of siblings, including one pair of twins. These findings indicate that Letterer-Siwe disease (in common with certain childhood neoplasms) has prenatal origins.
Microslot NMR Probe for Metabolomics Studies (2008)

A NMR microprobe based on microstrip technology suitable for investigations of volume-limited samples in the low nanoliter range was designed. NMR spectra of sample quantities in the 100 pmol range can be obtained with this probe in a few seconds. The planar geometry of the probe is easily adaptable to the size and geometry requirements of the samples.
Adsorption of Gases on a Carbon Molecular Sieve Used for Air Separation:  Linear Adsorptives as Probes for Kinetic Selectivity (1999)

The adsorption of oxygen, nitrogen, and a series of gases/vapors with linear structures (carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, acetylene and carbon disulfide) on a carbon molecular sieve typical of the materials used for air separation were studied over a range of temperatures as a function of pressure in order to understand further the mechanism of air separation. The ratios of the rate constants (kO2/kN2) were typically 25 for the carbon molecular sieve used thereby demonstrating the molecular sieving characteristics. The adsorption kinetics obey a linear driving force (LDF) mass transfer model for most of the gases and experimental conditions studied. However there were deviations from the LDF model for carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide. In the case of the former, the kinetic models ranged from LDF through a combined barrier resistance/diffusion model to Fickian diffusion depending on the experimental conditions. The adsorption rate constants increase exponentially with increasing surface coverage for the molecules which follow the LDF model. The barrier resistance kinetic constants derived from the combined barrier resistance/diffusion model also have an exponential dependence on surface coverage. The results are discussed in terms of the mechanism of gas separation using carbon molecular sieves.
Murine epidermal lipoxygenase (<i>Aloxe</i>) encodes a 12‐lipoxygenase isoform<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Using a combination of conventional screening procedures and polymerase chain reaction cloning, we have isolated a cDNA encoding an epidermis-type 12-lipoxygenase (e12-lipoxygenase) from mouse epidermis. The open reading frame corresponds to a protein of 662 amino acids and was found to be 99.8% identical to the ORF of an epidermal lipoxygenase gene Aloxe, described recently [Van Dijk et al. (1995) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1259, 4-8]. When expressed in human embryonic kidney cells the recombinant protein could be shown to synthesize 12(S)-HETE from arachidonic acid. By fluorescence in situ hybridization the e12-lipoxygenase gene was localized to chromosome band 11 B1-B3.
Use of GSO scintillators in x-range radiometers (2004)

In radiometers for X-range, the use of scintillators based on gadolinium orthosilicate (GSO) has many advantages over alkali halide scintillators, e.g., NaI(Tl). The shape of spectra obtained with GSO and cadmiug tangstate (CWO) scintillators has certain features that substantially increase the sensitivity of radiometers which use the windows method algorithm and are designed for simultaneous detection of low-energy gamma-radiation of <sup>241</sup>Am (59.6 keV) and <sup>137</sup>Cs (~33 keV). These features of oxide scintillators have allowed a substantial increase in sensitivity of the radiometer RK-AG-02M, which is designed for detection of <sup>241</sup>Am on the background of <sup>137</sup>Cs. The results obtained in this work show that the use of GSO and (in several cases) CWO scintillators in the instruments involving X-ray range of radiation (e.g., meters of thickness, radiometers) is very promising field of their application. We consider also the effects of different factors related to thermal treatment upon dopant-activated complex oxide crystal to improve its optic-luminescent, scintillation and other functional characteristics. In the selective radiometer RK-AG-02M are using a scintillation block based on GSO scintillator. To increase the measurement accuracy in the bulk density range of 0.6-2.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> correcting function has been obtained for the radiometer sensitivity.
Placement rent exponent calculation methods, temporal behaviour and FPGA architecture evaluation (2003)

In the design of FPGA architectures, it is important to understand wiring requirements of placed circuits. Rent's Rule is an empirical metric of connectivity and congestion in a circuit that has applications in the prediction of interconnect usage.Traditional methods of calculating Rent exponents are based on recursive partitioning, with the exception of some recent work [21], [22] that defines an alternative Rent exponent of a circuit based on a placement-induced partitioning tree.In this paper we take a different look at the calculation of Rent exponents in placement, contrasting several different methods empirically and outlining the relevant biases in each. We will compare the Rent exponent observed for timing-driven vs. purely congestion-driven placement algorithms, and for different types of benchmark circuits. We also observe the temporal behaviour of Rent exponents through a simulated annealing placement and its correlation to the placement cost function and wirelength. Finally we apply the empirical results to the analysis of the Cyclone FPGA architecture and comment on the routability of the device.
24 hour rhythm to the onset of preterm labour (2000)

The periodicity of preterm labour onset demonstrates a rhythm which is similar to the rhythm in the onset of labour at term. Preterm labour most commonly begins between midnight and 0600 hours.
Optical parameters of partially transmitting thin films 2: Experiment and further analysis of a novel method for their determination (1976)

In Part 1 of this work a theory was developed for the measurement of the thickness, refractive index, and absorption coefficient of a partially transmitting thin film. In the present work, an experimental system is described and the basic theory verified by actual measurements. It is shown how the measurement of intensity ratios in a single setup is adequate for the determination of the above mentioned parameters. In addition, the application of the system for the examination of optical surface quality is demonstrated. Finally, the theory is extended to nonnormal incidence.
Designing an Artificial Pancreas System to Be Compatible with other Medical Devices (2008)

Any artificial pancreas system must demonstrate acceptable levels of safety and effectiveness in order to be approved for use. Many such systems will be used in hospital settings in close proximity to other medical devices. In such settings, a third feature of an artificial pancreas will need to be demonstrated. This feature is compatibility. The most important features of compatibility in hospital-based medical devices are (1) interoperability; (2) resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI) from other electronic equipment, including emitters such as radio frequency identification (RFID) systems; and (3) integration with bar code identification systems. Compatibility is becoming an increasingly important feature of medical devices such as closed-loop systems for control of glucose.