gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATIONS OF CRYSTAL MODIFICATION OF UREA (1968)

Modification of the crystal habit of urea by crystallization from water in the presence of additives, and from a wide range of organic solvents was investigated. Addition compounds of urea with alicyclic ketones, hitherto unreported, were discovered. The favorable physical properties of these addition compounds were found to make them suitable intermediates in the preparation of urea in a free-flowing, non-caking form. The parameters for the laboratory manufacture of this type of urea were examined as a basis for a large-scale continuous process. An investigation into the possible use of this type of urea as a host for the selective absorption of certain organic solvents was made.
Gas Atomization of Amorphous Aluminum: Part I. Thermal Behavior Calculations (2009)

In this article, the thermal history and cooling rate experienced by gas-atomized Al-based amorphous powders were studied via numerical simulations. Modeling simulations were based on the assumption of Newtonian cooling with forced convection, as well as an energy balance, which involves gas dynamics, droplet dynamics, and heat transfer between gas and droplet. To render the problem tractable, phase transformations, crystal nucleation, and growth were not taken into account in the analysis of the solidification of Al droplets; instead, an energy balance approach was formulated and used. The numerical results and associated analysis were used to optimize processing parameters during gas atomization of Al-based amorphous powder. The results showed that the cooling rate of droplets increases with decreasing powder size and can reach in excess of 105 K/s for powder <20 μm in diameter. Gas composition has a more significant influence on cooling rate than gas pressure, and 100 pct He has the highest cooling effect. The results also showed that the cooling rate increases with increasing melt superheat temperature.
A comparison of subjective and mathematical estimations of fetal heart rate variability (2008)

A computer-based algorithm can assess FHR variability as well as expert clinicians.
Pb mobility and extractant optimization for contaminated soils (1997)

Abstract Alternative technologies for the remediation for inorganic lead contaminated soils must be evaluated in addition to conventional standard technologies, such as stabilization, to help ensure the best technology was selected for implementation of the remediation solution. Innovative technologies such as extractive soil washing may provide an economical alternative to reaching remediation cleanup goals while, at the same time, protecting human health and the environment. Extraction of inorganic Pb from contaminated soils has been previously demonstrated using strong acids or chelating reagents. For example, aqueous solutions of chelating agents such as citric acid, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DPTA), sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA), sodium nitrilotriacetate (NTA) have been used to desorb metals from soils [1, 2]. Also investigated were strong acids, having concentrations up to 2 N, for extraction of metals from sandy soils [3]. Commercial pilot scale systems have been reported to utilize HCl at an extraction pH range of 1.8–2.2 to recover lead from contaminated soils [4]. Chloride complexation of lead can greatly enhance the solubility of lead in solution [5, 6]. Lead also will complex in solution with acetic or citric acid [7]. Incorporating acids or chelating agents with soil washing technologies may extract inorganic Pb species from contaminated soils. However, the feasibility of aqueous based extraction of organic lead species such as tetraethyl lead, and its related byproducts produced by weathering, was unknown. Weathered, contaminated soil core samples were obtained, composited and homogenized in 5 gallon HDPE buckets, and the homogenized sample was characterized. The soils were contaminated predominantly with inorganic Pb as well as trace quantities of organic Pb species. Therefore, a research program was carried out to investigate the feasibility of in‐situ or ex‐situ extractive soil washing to recover inorganic and organic lead contaminants from soil. Literature approaches utilizing acids, chelating agents, or combinations of these, were tested for extraction efficiency. Additional goals included optimizing lead extraction while minimizing extractant chemistry strength to ensure safety and to minimize cost. Both in‐situ and ex‐situ extraction techniques were simulated at bench scale, and the effects of these methodologies on organic lead species were also investigated.
Materials issues and devices of α- and β-Ga2O3 (2019)

Ga2O3 is an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with a bandgap energy of 4.5–5.3 eV (depending on its crystal structure), which is much greater than those of conventional wide bandgap semiconductors such as SiC and GaN (3.3 eV and 3.4 eV, respectively). Therefore, Ga2O3 is promising for future power device applications, and further high-performance is expected compared to those of SiC or GaN power devices, which are currently in the development stage for commercial use. Ga2O3 crystallizes into various structures. Among them, promising results have already been reported for the most stable β-Ga2O3, and for α-Ga2O3, which has the largest bandgap energy of 5.3 eV. In this article, we overview state-of-the-art technologies of β-Ga2O3 and α-Ga2O3 for future power device applications. We will give a perspective on the advantages and disadvantages of these two phases in the context of comparing the two most promising polymorphs, concerning material properties, bulk crystal growth, epitaxial growth, device fabrication, and resulting device performance.
Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's Disease (2010)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and is clinically characterized by a progressive decline in memory, learning, and executive functions, and neuropathologically characterized by the presence of cerebral amyloid deposits. Despite a century of research, there is still no cure or conclusive premortem diagnosis for the disease. A number of symptom-modifying drugs for AD have been developed, but their efficacy is minimal and short-lived. AD cognitive symptoms arise only after significant, irreversible neural deterioration has occurred; hence there is an urgent need to detect AD early, before the onset of cognitive symptoms. An accurate, early diagnostic test for AD would enable current and future treatments to be more effective, as well as contribute to the development of new treatments. While most AD related pathology occurs in the brain, the disease has also been reported to affect the eye, which is more accessible for imaging than the brain. AD-related proteins exist in the normal human eye and may produce ocular pathology in AD. There is some homology between the retinal and cerebral vasculatures and the retina also contains nerve cells and fibers that form a sensory extension of the brain. The eye is the only place in the body where vasculature or neural tissue is available for non-invasive optical imaging. This article presents a review of current literature on ocular morphology in AD and discusses the potential for an ocular-based screening test for AD.
Isobutylene-rich imidazolium ionomers for use in two-phase partitioning bioreactors (2016)

Imidazolium ionomer derivatives of an isobutylene-rich elastomer demonstrated superior absorption characteristics for target molecules of biological interest compared to their non-ionic parent material, while retaining biocompatibility with a range of suspended cell cultures.
Extracting the atrial signal from the electrocardiogram in atrial fibrillation (2004)

Atrial fibrillation is the most common abnormal heart rhythm seen in clinical practice. Non-invasive analysis of the rhythm is difficult because the atrial component of the body surface electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is small relative to, and is often masked by, the ventricular component. The presentation will discuss the application of algorithms, including principal component analysis and independent component analysis, for extracting the atrial activity from the ECG. (20 pages)
Neural Machine Translation with Reconstruction (2016)

Although end-to-end Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has achieved remarkable progress in the past two years, it suffers from a major drawback: translations generated by NMT systems often lack of adequacy. It has been widely observed that NMT tends to repeatedly translate some source words while mistakenly ignoring other words. To alleviate this problem, we propose a novel encoder-decoder-reconstructor framework for NMT. The reconstructor, incorporated into the NMT model, manages to reconstruct the input source sentence from the hidden layer of the output target sentence, to ensure that the information in the source side is transformed to the target side as much as possible. Experiments show that the proposed framework significantly improves the adequacy of NMT output and achieves superior translation result over state-of-the-art NMT and statistical MT systems.
Adaptive tracking control for cooperative multiple robot systems (2002)

Abstract This study presents a novel adaptive controller for cooperative multiple robot systems to obtain both zero motion and force tracking errors. First, by introducing the concepts of force decomposition and virtual control input, we reformulate the control problem of cooperative manipulators as a problem of controlling a single constrained manipulator. Next, a stable subspace is defined by both motion and internal force errors. This subspace includes both zero motion and force errors as its largest invariant set. The controller is then designed to drive the error dynamics into the stable subspace. A non‐adaptive and an adaptive approach both systematically show the asymptotic motion/internal force tracking. Note here that the zero force tracking error is achieved without needing the persistent excitation (PE) condition in the adaptive control scheme. Furthermore, based on a decentralized method, the proposed controllers are implemented in multiprocessor systems to balance the computation load. Finally, two cooperative planar robots are used to demonstrate the developed methodology where the simulation results illustrate the expected performance.
Fast Scalar Multiplication in ECC using The Multi base Number System. (2011)

As a generalization of double base chains, multibase number system is very suitable for efficient computation of scalar multiplication of a point of elliptic curve because of shorter representation length and hamming weight. In this paper combined with the given formulas for computing the 7- Fold of an elliptic curve point P an efficient scalar multiplication algorithm of elliptic curve is proposed using 2,3 and 7 as basis of the multi based number system. The algorithms cost less compared with Shamirs trick and interleaving with NAFs method.
The role of cryptochrome 2 in the control of flowering in Arabidopsis (2003)

We have investigated the genetic interactions between cry2 and the various flowering pathways in relation to the regulation of flowering by photoperiod and vernalization. For this, we combined three alleles of CRY2, the wild-type CRY2-Landsberg erecta (Ler), a cry2 loss-of-function null allele, and the gain-of-function CRY2-Cape Verde Islands (Cvi), with mutants representing the various photoreceptors and flowering pathways. The analysis of CRY2 alleles combined with photoreceptor mutants showed that CRY2-Cvi could compensate the loss of phyA and cryl, also indicating that cry2 does not require functional phyA or cry1. The analysis of mutants of the photoperiod pathway showed epistasis of co and gi to the CRY2 alleles, indicating that cry2 needs the product of CO and GI genes to promote flowering. All double mutants of this pathway showed a photoperiod response very much reduced compared with Ler. In contrast, mutations in the autonomous pathway genes were additive to the CRY2 alleles, partially overcoming the effects of CRY2-Cvi and restoring day length responsiveness. The three CRY2 alleles were day length sensitive when combined with FRI-Sf2 and/or FLC-Sf2 genes, which could be reverted when the delay of flowering caused by FRI-Sf2 and FLC-Sf2 alleles was removed by vernalization. In addition, we looked at the expression of FLC and CRY2 genes and showed that CRY2 is negatively regulated by FLC. These results indicate an interaction between the photoperiod and the FLC-dependent pathways upstream to the common downstream targets of both pathways, SOC1 and FT.
Ebola and Marburg Viruses Replicate in Monocyte‐Derived Dendritic Cells without Inducing the Production of Cytokines and Full Maturation (2003)

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) cause rapidly progressive hemorrhagic fever with high mortality and may possess specialized mechanisms to evade immune destruction. We postulated that immune evasion could be due to the ability of EBOV and MARV to interfere with dendritic cells (DCs), which link innate and adaptive immune responses. We demonstrate that EBOV and MARV infected and replicated in primary human DCs without inducing cytokine secretion. Infected DC cultures supported exponential viral growth without releasing interferon (IFN)-alpha and were impaired in IFN-alpha production if treated with double-stranded RNA. Moreover, EBOV and MARV impaired the ability of DCs to support T cell proliferation, and infected, immature DCs underwent an anomalous maturation. These findings may explain the profound virulence of EBOV and MARV--DCs are disabled, and an effective early host response is delayed by the necessary reliance on less-efficient secondary mechanisms.
Geochemistry and paleolimnology of the trona deposits and associated authigenic minerals of the Green River Formation of Wyoming (1969)

Authigenic minerals found in the saline zone of the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation in Wyoming ___________________________ --________ --BlO Chemical analyses of rocks from the saline facies of the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation, Sweetwater County, Wyo___________________________ Calculated mineralogy of rocks from the saline facies of the Wilkins Peak Member of the Green River Formation, Sweetwater County, Wyo_______________________ Maximum areas, volumes, and tons of trona in 18 principal beds___________________ Comparison of Lake Victoria in Mrica with Gosiute Lake as it is inferred to have been, late in the Tipton stage______________________________________________ Average of several analyses of Lake Victoria water_______________________________ Composite of 12 analyses of water from the Green River at Jensen, Utah, taken at regular intervals between June 1 and September 30 and the recalculated analysis inferred to represent the average composition of runoff that fed Gosiute Lake during the Wilkins Peak saline stage_______________________________________ 8. Amounts of several elements found in authigenic minerals in the saline facies of the Wilkins Peak Member compared with the amounts of the same elements calculated to have been brought into Gosiute Lake during the deposition of the saline facies__ 9. Composition of some present-day thermal spring waters in the inferred hydrographic basin of Gosiute Lake____________________________________________________ 10. Mean values and ranges of constituents of 24 thermal springs that feed Lake Magadi and Little Magadi, southwestern Kenya, and the temperature, specific gravity of the water, and estimated aggregate discharge of all the springs______________ 11. Chemical constituents leached by distilled water from newly fallen volcanic ash from the Bezymanny Volcano, Kamchatka ____________________________ -----------12. Size distribution of ash particles in the samples whose analyses are given in table ll__ 13. Chemical composition of water in Abert Lake, Oreg., in 1963 ___________ -----------14. Composition of saturated sodium carbonate-bicarbonate solutions _______ ----------- 15. Chemical analyses of brines from existing sodium carbonate-rich lakes, springs, or pools, that either are at, or may arrive at, trona-salting stage _______ -----------16. Compositions of sodium chloride brines saturated in halite _________ --------------- 17. Compositions of brines from Deep Springs Lake, Calif____________________________ 18. Compositions of solutions at points A 0 , A, B, I, and C in figure The fate of 100 grams of hypothetical Gosiute Lake brine of composition A 0 , evaporated in equilibrium with the atmosphere, at a constant bicarbonate quotient of 0.15---------------
The dynamics and control of large flexible space structures, part 11 (1988)

A mathematical model is developed to predict the dynamics of the proposed orbiting Spacecraft Control Laboratory Experiment (SCOLE) during the station keeping phase. The equations of motion are derived using a Newton-Euler formulation. The model includes the effects of gravity, flexibility, and orbital dynamics. The control is assumed to be provided to the system through the Shuttle's three torquers, and through six actuators located by pairs at two points on the mast and at the mass center of the reflector. The modal shape functions are derived using the fourth order beam equation. The generic mode equations are derived to account for the effects of the control forces on the modal shape and frequencies. The equations are linearized about a nominal equilibrium position. The linear regulator theory is used to derive control laws for both the linear model of the rigidized SCOLE as well as that of the actual SCOLE including the first four flexible modes. The control strategy previously derived for the linear model of the rigidized SCOLE is applied to the nonlinear model of the same configuration of the system and preliminary single axis slewing maneuvers conducted. The results obtained confirm the applicability of the intuitive and appealing two-stage control strategy which would slew the SCOLE system, as if rigid to its desired position and then concentrate on damping out the residual flexible motions.
Lybe (1890)

Lybe Get access J. T. J. T. 1Bp. Hatfield's Hall, Durham Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-X, Issue 236, 5 July 1890, Page 7, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-X.236.7e Published: 05 July 1890
Aluminum and Indium Plasmonic Nanoantennas in the Ultraviolet (2014)

We use classical electrodynamics calculations to investigate the versatility and capability of aluminum and indium dimers with small gaps as ultraviolet plasmonic nanoantennas, focusing on the particle size and wavelength range that gives optimum near-field enhancement. We find that Al and In are highly capable plasmonic materials in the ultraviolet, even with the incorporation of Al2O3 shells on the Al spheres; however, Al is strongly influenced by quadrupole modes while In is not. Al is the optimal material in the deep-UV, while In is ideal in the near-UV and near-visible spectral regions. Unlike Au and Ag, Al and In are most effective with the lowest refractive index background media possible, with vacuum being ideal. Ag outperforms both Al and In red of ∼320 nm, but optimal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy enhancement factors are still substantial for Al and In, with peak |E|4 values (for dimers in vacuum with a 1 nm gap) determined to be: Al, 2.0 × 109 (at 204 nm); In, 1.2 × 109 (at 359 nm); Al/Al2O3, 1.2 × 107 (at 218 nm). For comparison, the optimal |E|4 for Au dimers is 2.8 × 1011 (at 723 nm) and for Ag is 1.3 × 1012 (at 794 nm), with background indices of 1.50 and 2.25, respectively. These data suggest that the continued exploration of Al and In as plasmonic materials could provide powerful opportunities in ultraviolet spectroscopic enhancement, fluorescence quenching, and cellular imaging.
Expression of the c-src protooncogene in human skin tumors. (1987)

Retroviral oncogenes are genetic elements, the expression of which is responsible for the transformed phenotype of cells. These genes are derived from normal cellular DNA sequences called cellular protooncogenes, which are present in all human cells and seem to have potential transforming ability in tumors of nonviral origin, since it is possible that they undergo structural alterations and/or changes in their expression. Human skin tumors were analyzed in this study with respect to the expression of the c-src protooncogene, the cellular homologue of the Rous sarcoma virus transforming gene, by measuring the enzymatic activity of its gene product, the pp60c-src kinase activity. Tyrosine-specific kinase activity was detected in all skin tumors tested. The expression pattern of the c-src gene product in the melanomas tested was differential and varying kinase levels in different metastases from the same patient were detected. The elevation of kinase activity as compared to normal skin ranged from about 4- to 20-fold.
Peripheral and Spinal Actions of Opioids in the Blockade of the Autonomic Response Evoked by Compression of the Inflamed Knee Joint (1996)

The activity of the respective agonists and the intraarticular > intramuscular ordering of systemic potency in this model indicate that opioids, by an action at mu and kappa, can exert a direct antihyperalgesic action at the terminals of primary afferents projecting to a region of inflammation. These observations offer strong support for a peripheral action of opioids in certain states in inflammation-induced hyperalgesia.
A novel aspartyl protease allowing <i>KEX2</i>‐independent <i>MF</i>α propheromone processing in yeast (1990)

Mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae which lack the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase are unable to process proteolytically the mating factor alpha (MF alpha) propheromone produced from the chromosomal MF alpha 1 and MF alpha 2 genes (Julius et al., 1983). Overproduction of pheromone precursor from multiple, plasmid-borne MF alpha genes did, however, lead to the production of active MF alpha peptides in the absence of the KEX2 gene product. S. cerevisiae therefore must possess an alternative processing enzyme. The cleavage site of this enzyme appeared identical to that of the KEX2-encoded endopeptidase. To identify the gene responsible for the alternative processing, we have isolated clones which allowed production of mature MF alpha in a kex2-disrupted strain even from the chromosomal MF alpha genes. The gene isolated in this way was shown also to be essential for the KEX2-independent processing of propheromone overproduced from plasmid-borne MF alpha 1. The amino acid sequence deduced from the gene shows extensive homology to a number of aspartyl proteases including the PEP4 and BAR1 gene products from S. cerevisiae. In contrast to the BAR1 gene product, the novel aspartyl protease (YAP3 for Yeast Aspartyl Protease 3) contains a C-terminal serine/threonine-rich sequence and potential transmembrane domain similar to those found in the KEX2 gene product. The corresponding gene YAP3 was located to chromosome XII. The normal physiological role of the YAP3 gene product is not known. Strains disrupted in YAP3 are both viable and able to process the mating factor a precursor.