gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of CuSn Alloy from Noncyanide Sulfosuccinate Bath (2010)

Recently the regulation of nickel usage because of allergy issues has been strengthened in Europe and other countries. The Cu-Sn alloy (40-55 mass%Sn) is called “speculum alloy” or “white bronze” and has a silvery-white appearance. We developed a noncyanide Cu-Sn alloy plating bath consisting of sulfosuccinic acid, L-methionine and polyoxyethylene-α-naphthol, from which silvery-white Cu-Sn alloy (40-55mass%Sn) were obtained. It is anticipated that the Cu-Sn alloy films will be used as an alternative to nickel undercoating for decorative gold or chromium electroplating.
Two-dimensional correlation of connected NMR transitions (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTwo-dimensional correlation of connected NMR transitionsC. Griesinger, O. W. Soerensen, and R. R. ErnstCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 22, 6394–6396Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00308a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00308a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views904Altmetric-Citations411LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Toll-like receptor 3 signaling converts tumor-supporting myeloid cells to tumoricidal effectors (2012)

Smoldering inflammation often increases the risk of progression for malignant tumors and simultaneously matures myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) for cell-mediated immunity. PolyI:C, a dsRNA analog, is reported to induce inflammation and potent antitumor immune responses via the Toll-like receptor 3/Toll-IL-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule 1 (TICAM-1) and melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5/IFN-β promoter stimulator 1 (IPS-1) pathways in mDCs to drive activation of natural killer cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Here, we found that i.p. or s.c. injection of polyI:C to Lewis lung carcinoma tumor-implant mice resulted in tumor regression by converting tumor-supporting macrophages (Mfs) to tumor suppressors. F4/80(+)/Gr1(-) Mfs infiltrating the tumor respond to polyI:C to rapidly produce inflammatory cytokines and thereafter accelerate M1 polarization. TNF-α was increased within 1 h in both tumor and serum upon polyI:C injection into tumor-bearing mice, followed by tumor hemorrhagic necrosis and growth suppression. These tumor responses were abolished in TNF-α(-/-) mice. Furthermore, F4/80(+) Mfs in tumors extracted from polyI:C-injected mice sustained Lewis lung carcinoma cytotoxic activity, and this activity was partly abrogated by anti-TNF-α Ab. Genes for supporting M1 polarization were subsequently up-regulated in the tumor-infiltrating Mfs. These responses were completely abrogated in TICAM-1(-/-) mice, and unaffected in myeloid differentiation factor 88(-/-) and IPS-1(-/-) mice. Thus, the TICAM-1 pathway is not only important to mature mDCs for cross-priming and natural killer cell activation in the induction of tumor immunity, but also critically engaged in tumor suppression by converting tumor-supporting Mfs to those with tumoricidal properties.
NEURONAL ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBE DURING RECOGNITION MEMORY (1990)

Human medial temporal lobe neuronal activity and event-related potentials were recorded during the following behaviours: contextual recognition of words and faces, semantic discrimination of nonwords from words, and discrimination of stimulus classes based on perceptual attributes. Three distinct classes of behavioural correlates of unit activity were demonstrated by visual inspection of peristimulus histograms and by nonparametric statistics: (1) neuronal excitation during a keypress related to the subject's choice; (2) specific and nonspecific excitation to words; (3) excitation or inhibition to rare stimuli in a sensory discrimination task. Responses specifically to familiar (as opposed to unfamiliar) words or faces, or to tasks requiring recent memory per se were never seen. Keypress excitation was relatively common (32/76 units) and occurred regardless of whether the keypress target was a repeated or nonrepeated word, or the task required recent or remote semantic memory. In a more complex recognition task utilizing two responses and an imperative cue for the patient's response, units with prior keypress excitation failed to generate the response. This suggests that keypress excitation is not strictly tied either to response choice or to generation. The onset latencies and temporal relationship to event-related potentials of the nonspecific and specific excitation to words and the excitation to rare stimuli suggest that they represent contextual encoding of stimuli. Similar evidence suggests that the inhibition to rare stimuli represents inhibitory processes terminating contextual encoding. Thus human medial temporal lobe neurons seem to contribute information during successive stages of a cognitive stimulus-response task: contextual encoding, closure and response-selection.
Review of the effects of 17α‐estradiol in humans: a less feminizing estrogen with neuroprotective potential (2009)

Abstract 17α‐Estradiol is a less feminizing isomer of the potent hormonal estrogen, 17β‐estradiol. 17α‐Estradiol is an orally active small molecule with conflicting reports of efficacy in preclinical models of degenerative diseases. A number of studies suggest neuroprotective potential in human neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease. Several studies have established an antioxidant effect of 17α‐estradiol in humans. The sodium salt of 17α‐estradiol 3‐sulfate is a minor component (2.5–9.5%) of several widely marketed estrogen hormone replacement products, such as Premarin ® , that are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and have been prescribed and studied in women and men for more than 65 years. Most of the more than 100 published reports on the neurological effects of feminizing estrogens found positive responses in at least one measure relating to cognition or prevention and treatment of AD, notwithstanding the negative results in the Women's Health Initiative studies. Whether these limited, and often not statistically significant, findings are clinically meaningful remains unknown. In many in vitro and in vivo preclinical neuroprotection and related studies, 17α‐estradiol and 17β‐estradiol are active at similar concentrations and doses. However, 17α‐estradiol is less pleiotropic than 17β‐estradiol, and thus its potential toxicity might be lower. Given decades of mixed reports regarding the potential efficacy and safety of strongly feminizing hormones in neurodegenerative diseases, the weakly feminizing 17α‐estradiol might be a suitable candidate for clinical testing of the neuroprotective potential of this chemical class because it avoids, or significantly reduces, the adverse effects of potent hormonal compounds. Drug Dev Res 70:1–21, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Train Robbery: The Birth, Flowering and Decline of a Notorious Western Enterprise (1983)

Journal Article Train Robbery: The Birth, Flowering and Decline of a Notorious Western Enterprise Get access Train Robbery: The Birth, Flowering and Decline of a Notorious Western Enterprise. By Patterson Richard. (Boulder, Colorado: Johnson Books, 1981. vi + 239 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibilography, index. $7.95, paper.) Harold J. Weiss, Jr. Harold J. Weiss, Jr. Jamestown Community College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Western Historical Quarterly, Volume 14, Issue 2, April 1983, Page 226, https://doi.org/10.2307/968841 Published: 01 April 1983
Specific MicroRNAs Modulate Embryonic Stem Cell–Derived Neurogenesis (2005)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recently discovered small non-coding transcripts with a broad spectrum of functions described mostly in invertebrates. As post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, miRNAs trigger target mRNA degradation or translational repression. Although hundreds of miRNAs have been cloned from a variety of mammalian tissues and cells and multiple mRNA targets have been predicted, little is known about their functions. So far, a role of miRNA has only been described in hematopoietic, adipocytic, and muscle differentiation; regulation of insulin secretion; and potentially regulation of cancer growth. Here, we describe miRNA expression profiling in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell- derived neurogenesis in vitro and show that a number of miRNAs are simultaneously co-induced during differentiation of neural progenitor cells to neurons and astrocytes. There was a clear correlation between miRNA expression profiles in ES cell-derived neurogenesis in vitro and in embryonal neurogenesis in vivo. Using both gain-of-function and loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that brain-specific miR-124a and miR-9 molecules affect neural lineage differentiation in the ES cell-derived cultures. In addition, we provide evidence that signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3, a member of the STAT family pathway, is involved in the function of these miRNAs. We conclude that distinct miRNAs play a functional role in the determination of neural fates in ES cell differentiation.
Deep Active Learning for Named Entity Recognition (2017)

Deep learning has yielded state-of-the-art performance on many natural language processing tasks including named entity recognition (NER). However, this typically requires large amounts of labeled data. In this work, we demonstrate that the amount of labeled training data can be drastically reduced when deep learning is combined with active learning. While active learning is sample-efficient, it can be computationally expensive since it requires iterative retraining. To speed this up, we introduce a lightweight architecture for NER, viz., the CNN-CNN-LSTM model consisting of convolutional character and word encoders and a long short term memory (LSTM) tag decoder. The model achieves nearly state-of-the-art performance on standard datasets for the task while being computationally much more efficient than best performing models. We carry out incremental active learning, during the training process, and are able to nearly match state-of-the-art performance with just 25\% of the original training data.
Retinal Hemodynamics in Retinitis Pigmentosa (1996)

Retinal blood flow is significantly decreased in patients with RP, probably as a result of vascular remodeling in response to reduced metabolic demand. The regulatory responses to hyperoxia are similar to those of normal subjects. Measurements of retinal blood flow may help assess the progression of the disease and the effects of treatment.
Lithium recovery from salt lake brine by H<sub>2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (2014)

The details of the ion exchange properties of layered H2TiO3, derived from the layered Li2TiO3 precursor upon treatment with HCl solution, with lithium ions in the salt lake brine (collected from Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia) are reported. The lithium adsorption rate is slow, requiring 1 d to attain equilibrium at room temperature. The adsorption of lithium ions by H2TiO3 follows the Langmuir model with an adsorptive capacity of 32.6 mg g(-1) (4.7 mmol g(-1)) at pH 6.5 from the brine containing NaHCO3 (NaHCO3 added to control the pH). The total amount of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium adsorbed from the brine was <0.30 mmol g(-1). The H2TiO3 was found capable of efficiently adsorbing lithium ions from the brine containing competitive cations such as sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in extremely large excess. The results indicate that the selectivity order Li(+) ≫ Na(+), K(+), Mg(2+), Ca(2+) originates from a size effect. The H2TiO3 can be regenerated and reused for lithium exchange in the brine with an exchange capacity very similar to the original H2TiO3.
Neutron focusing optic for submillimeter materials analysis (1994)

A neutron lens constructed with polycapillary glass fibers is used to focus a 50×45 mm2 beam exiting a cold neutron guide onto a spot of 0.53 mm (full width at half maximum) with a current density gain of 80. The characteristics of the lens are presented. This lens is designed to enhance the detection limit and lateral resolution for prompt gamma activation analysis using cold neutron beams.
Structural and Functional Differences in the Long Non-Coding RNA Hotair in Mouse and Human (2011)

Long non-coding RNAs regulate various biological processes such as dosage compensation, imprinting, and chromatin organization. HOTAIR, a paradigm of this new class of RNAs, is localized within the human HOXC gene cluster and was shown, in human cells, to regulate HOXD genes in trans via the recruitment of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), followed by the trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone H3. We looked for the presence of Hotair in mice to assess whether this in trans mechanism was conserved, in particular at the developmental stages, when Hoxd genes must be tightly regulated. We show that the cognate mouse Hotair is poorly conserved in sequence; and its absence, along with the deletion of the HoxC cluster, has surprisingly little effect in vivo, neither on the expression pattern or transcription efficiency, nor on the amount of K27me3 coverage of different Hoxd target genes. We conclude that Hotair may have rapidly evolved within mammals and acquired a functional importance in humans that is not easily revealed in mice. Alternatively, redundant or compensatory mechanisms may mask its function when studied under physiological conditions.
Ru(II)-Catalyzed C–H Amidation of Indoline at the C7-Position Using Dioxazolone as an Amidating Agent: Synthesis of 7-Amino Indoline Scaffold (2017)

The Ru(II)-catalyzed C-H amidation of indoline at the C7-position en route for synthesizing the 7-amino indole scaffold has been achieved by using dioxazolone, which is an environmentally benign amidating reagent. This protocol paves the way for synthesizing a variety of 7-amino indole derivatives in excellent yields at ambient reaction conditions. The readily cleavable amide group has been utilized as a directing group for the amidation. The derivatives of 7-amino indole are synthetically useful for accessing a variety of natural products, drug molecules, and biologically active compounds.
Training an Agent for FPS Doom Game using Visual Reinforcement Learning and VizDoom (2017)

Because of the recent success and advancements in deep mind technologies, it is now used to train agents using deep learning for first-person shooter games that are often outperforming human players by means of only screen raw pixels to create their decisions. A visual Doom AI Competition is organized each year on two different tracks: limited death-match on a known map and a full death-match on an unknown map for evaluating AI agents, because computer games are the best test-beds for testing and evaluating different AI techniques and approaches. The competition is ranked based on the number of frags each agent achieves. In this paper, training a competitive agent for playing Doom’s (FPS Game) basic scenario(s) in a semi-realistic 3D world ‘VizDoom’ using the combination of convolutional Deep learning and Q-learning by considering only the screen raw pixels in order to exhibit agent’s usefulness in Doom is proposed. Experimental results show that the trained agent outperforms average human player and inbuilt game agents in basic scenario(s) where only move left, right and shoot actions are allowed.
Attenuation of MCP-1/CCL2 expression ameliorates neuropathy in a mouse model for Charcot–Marie–Tooth 1X (2010)

The chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) has been previously shown to be an important mediator of macrophage-related neural damage in models of two distinct inherited neuropathies, Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) 1A and 1B. In mice deficient in the gap junction protein connexin 32 (Cx32def), an established model for the X-chromosome-linked dominant form of CMT (CMT1X), we investigated the role of the chemokine in macrophage immigration and neural damage by crossbreeding the Cx32def mice with MCP-1 knockout mutants. In Cx32def mutants typically expressing increased levels of MCP-1, macrophage numbers were strongly elevated, caused by an MCP-1-mediated influx of haematogenous macrophages. Curiously, the complete genetic deletion of MCP-1 did not cause reduced macrophage numbers in the nerves due to compensatory proliferation of resident macrophages. In contrast, and as already seen in other CMT models, heterozygous deletion of MCP-1 led to reduced numbers of phagocytosing macrophages and an alleviation of demyelination. Whereas alleviated demyelination was transient, axonal damage was persistently improved and even robust axonal sprouting was detectable at 12 months. Other axon-related features were alleviated electrophysiological parameters, reduced muscle denervation and atrophy, and increased muscle strength. Similar to models for CMT1A and CMT1B, we identified MEK-ERK signalling as mediating MCP-1 expression in Cx32-deficient Schwann cells. Blocking this pathway by the inhibitor CI-1040 caused reduced MCP-1 expression, attenuation of macrophage increase and amelioration of myelin- and axon-related alterations. Thus, attenuation of MCP-1 upregulation by inhibiting ERK phosphorylation might be a promising approach to treat CMT1X and other so far untreatable inherited peripheral neuropathies in humans.
Sensitive Phenol Detection Using Tyrosinase‐Based Phenol Oxidation Combined with Redox Cycling of Catechol (2014)

Abstract This paper reports sensitive phenol detection using (i) tyrosinase (Tyr)‐based oxidation of phenol to catechol, combined with (ii) electrochemical‐chemical‐chemical (ECC) redox cycling involving Ru(NH 3 ) 6 3+ , catechol, and tris(2‐carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP). Phenol is converted into catechol by Tyr in the presence of dissolved O 2 . Catechol then reacts with Ru(NH 3 ) 6 3+ , generating o ‐benzoquinone and Ru(NH 3 ) 6 2+ . o ‐Benzoquinone is reduced back to catechol by TCEP, and Ru(NH 3 ) 6 2+ is accumulated over the course of the incubation. When Ru(NH 3 ) 6 2+ is electrochemically oxidized to Ru(NH 3 ) 6 3+ , ECC redox cycling occurs. For simple phenol detection, bare ITO electrodes are used without modifying the electrodes with Tyr. The detection limit for phenol in tap water using Tyr‐based oxidation combined with ECC redox cycling is ca. 10 −9 M, while that using only Tyr‐based oxidation is ca. 10 −7 M.
CO/sub 2/ recovery by gas permeation (1982)

Describes how the gas permeation process, which uses permeable membranes to separate CO/sub 2/ from hydrocarbon gases, can reduce capital and operating costs significantly. Conventional treatment methods presently available on a commercial basis utilize chemical reaction absorption, physical reaction absorption and adsorption. Permeation through a membrane involves both the diffusivity and solubility of the permeated components in and through the membrane. The separation process involves several phenomena which occur as the most permeable components of the gaseous feed mixture pass over, through and out the other side of the membrane. As the concentration of CO/sub 2/ increases in the oil reservoir formation, the number of membrane modules (actual surface area) will decrease, and, dependent on the hydrocarbon requirement of the CO/sub 2/ rich permeate, recompression may not be necessary. Advantages of the Delsep process include greatly reduced capital costs; elimination of all process heat requirements; large reduction in electric power and fuel consumption as compared to conventional processes; process can be operated unattended as it can be easily automated; units can be packaged into modules for economic installation costs; modules can be added in stages to accommodate increased sour gas content in the inlet feed; and space requirements are minimal.
Reduction of postischemic myocardial dysfunction by substrate repletion during reperfusion. (1984)

We studied the effect of selected metabolic substrates on recovery of myocardial function and ATP concentration when added to the reperfusate after normothermic ischemia. The hearts of 30 anesthetized, open-chest mongrel dogs were subjected to 45 min of global ischemia at 37 degrees C followed by 90 min of reperfusion. Left ventricular function curves were generated on right heart bypass before and at 30 min intervals after the ischemic period. ATP concentration was measured before, at the end of, and 90 min after the ischemic period. Experiments were randomized into five groups distinguished by the content of the myocardial reperfusate during the first 10 min of the reperfusion period. Hearts received either unmodified oxygenated pump blood (control; group I), normothermic oxygenated 28 mmol/liter potassium-blood cardioplegic solution (KBC; group II), 25 mmol/liter glutamate in KBC (group III), 250 mumol/liter adenosine with 1 mg erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine hydrochloride (EHNA) and glutamate in KBC (group IV), or 2 mmol/liter ribose and glutamate (group V) in KBC. Hearts reperfused with KBC showed improvement early (group II vs group I; p less than .02) but not late recovery of left ventricular function over control. Glutamate, which replenishes Krebs cycle intermediates lost during ischemia, increased functional recovery (group III vs group II; p less than .002). Ribose, which is important in purine salvage and resynthesis, added to glutamate-KBC further improved functional recovery (group V vs group III; p less than .01). Adenosine, a precursor of ATP, with EHNA, an inhibitor of rapid adenosine catabolism, added to glutamate-KBC depressed early recovery (group IV vs group III; p less than .01); however, recovery improved with time. Both glutamate and ribose with glutamate in KBC improved ATP recovery (groups III and V vs group II; p less than .002). Thus selective substrate repletion during initial reperfusion after severe normothermic ischemia can improve recovery of myocardial function and ATP concentration.