gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I trial of intratumoral administration of OBP-301, a novel telomerase-specific oncolytic virus, in patients with advanced solid cancer: Evaluation of biodistribution and immune response (2008)

3572 Background: Telomerase activation is considered to be a critical step in carcinogenesis and its activity is closely correlated with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) expression. We constructed an adenovirus 5 vector (OBP-301 [Telomelysin]), in which the hTERT promoter drives expression of E1A and E1B genes linked with an IRES. OBP-301 causes selective replication and lysis of a variety of human cancer cells, and has shown preclinical efficacy against human tumor xenografts. A phase I study was designed to determine the feasibility and to characterize the pharmacokinetics of OBP-301 in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: Patients with histologically confirmed advanced solid tumors were enrolled into this phase I trial. Nine patients received escalating dose levels of OBP-301 (1 x 1010 to 1 x 1012 virus particles [vp]) as monotherapy. Patients were monitored over two months for safety and tolerability, vector distribution, antibody formation, and tumor response. Virus shedding was monitored in the saliva, sputum, urine, and plasma by a quantitative DNA-PCR assay targeting the IRES sequence. Results: All patients received a single intratumoral injection of OBP-301 without dose-limiting toxicity. The primary tumor types were head and neck (n=2), breast (n=1), soft tissue (n=1), and others (n=5). Circulating OBP-301 viral genome became detectable in the plasma within 24 hours after injection in all patients except one. This dose-dependent initial peak in circulating virus was followed by a rapid decline; however, two patients received 1010 and 1012 vp showed a second peak of circulating viral DNA on day 14, suggesting OBP-301 replication in primary tumors. In contrast, no viral DNA was detected in all saliva, sputum, and urine samples except two specimens. Titers of neutralizing antibody to adenovirus collected at 28 days after injection of OBP-301 were higher than the titers at baseline in all 8 patients tested. All patients had stable disease at the day 28 assessment, although 6 patients showed 6.6 to 34% tumor size reduction. Conclusions: OBP-301 is well-tolerated and warrants further clinical studies for solid cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. Oncolys BioPharma, Inc. Oncolys BioPharma, Inc.
Improvement of the efficiency of 35 to 220 kV lines (1991)

It is good practice to limit the ratio of transmitted power to surge impedance loading (SIL, or natural capacity), S/P/sub n/, to <or=1, with the aim of reducing voltage drop and power losses. The use of flat phases and reduced phase spacings enable the ratio S/P/sub n/ to be confined to <or=1, which considerably enhances the economic efficiency and quality of power transmission, enables the transmission distance to be increased and the operational lifetime of existing systems to be extended. Conductor bundling and ultimate reduction of phase spacings, down to distances determined by the requirements of reliable operation and lightning surges, allow an increase in the transmission capacity of 35 to 220 kV lines virtually in proportion to the number of subconductors per phase, i.e., by a factor of 3, 4 or more as compared to traditional lines. An increased transmission capacity of compact lines is attained with relatively small phase sizes.
Wheat-rye translocations (1986)

Journal Article Wheat-rye translocations: Detection of chromosome breakpoints by in situ hybridization with a biotin-labeled DNA probe Get access N. L. V. Lapitan, N. L. V. Lapitan Drs. Lapitan and Sears are affiliated with the Department of Agronomy, and Drs. Rayburn and Gill with the Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. The authors appreciate the assistance of D. Wilson and W. J. Raupp in the processing of colored prints. Research supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant no. 59-2201-1-1-639-0. Contribution No. 86-233-J, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar R. G. Sears, R. G. Sears Drs. Lapitan and Sears are affiliated with the Department of Agronomy, and Drs. Rayburn and Gill with the Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. The authors appreciate the assistance of D. Wilson and W. J. Raupp in the processing of colored prints. Research supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant no. 59-2201-1-1-639-0. Contribution No. 86-233-J, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University. Please address reprint requests to Dr. Sears. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. L. Rayburn, A. L. Rayburn Drs. Lapitan and Sears are affiliated with the Department of Agronomy, and Drs. Rayburn and Gill with the Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. The authors appreciate the assistance of D. Wilson and W. J. Raupp in the processing of colored prints. Research supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant no. 59-2201-1-1-639-0. Contribution No. 86-233-J, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. S. Gill B. S. Gill Drs. Lapitan and Sears are affiliated with the Department of Agronomy, and Drs. Rayburn and Gill with the Department of Plant Pathology, Throckmorton Hall, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506. The authors appreciate the assistance of D. Wilson and W. J. Raupp in the processing of colored prints. Research supported by U.S. Department of Agriculture grant no. 59-2201-1-1-639-0. Contribution No. 86-233-J, Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station, Kansas State University. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume 77, Issue 6, November 1986, Pages 415–419, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a110272 Published: 01 November 1986
The visible hand: the role of government in China’s long-awaited industrial revolution (2019)

China is undergoing its long-awaited industrial revolution. There is no shortage of commentary and opinion on this dramatic period, but few have attempted to provide a coherent, in-depth, political-economic framework that explains the fundamental mechanisms behind China’s rapid industrialization. This article reviews the Embryonic Economic Development theory put forth by Wen (2016a). This article reviews the Embryonic Economic Development theory put forth by Wen . It illuminates the critical sequence of developmental stages since the reforms enacted by Deng Xiaoping in 1978: namely, small-scale commercialized agricultural production, proto-industrialization in the countryside, a formal industrial revolution based on mass production of labor-intensive light consumer goods, a sustainable ‘industrial trinity’ boom in energy/motive power/infrastructure, and a second industrial revolution involving the mass production of heavy industrial goods. This developmental sequence follows essentially the same pattern as Great Britain’s Industrial Revolution, despite sharp differences in political and institutional conditions. One of the key conclusions exemplified by China’s economic rise is that the extent of industrialization is limited by the extent of the market. One of the key strategies behind the creation and nurturing of a continually growing market in China is based on this premise: The free market is a public good that is very costly for nations to create and support. Market creation requires a powerful ‘mercantilist’ state and the correct sequence of developmental stages; China has been successfully accomplishing its industrialization through these stages, backed by measured, targeted reforms and direct participation from its central and local governments.
Role of T Lymphocytes in Hypertension-Induced Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Remodeling (2006)

Cardiac remodeling in response to pressure overload involves reorganization of the myocytes and extracellular matrix (ECM). Neurohormonal pathways have been described as effector pathways in left ventricular ECM reorganization in response to pressure overload; we now are assessing the role of the T lymphocyte in this process. Mice with defined differences in T-lymphocyte function (C57BL/6 SCID, C57BL/6 WT, and BALB/c) were treated with 50 mg/L of N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester in their drinking water for 30 days. The immune function of C57BL/6 WT mice was T-helper type 1 (TH1), BALB/c was TH2, and C57BL/6 SCID was null. The arterial blood pressure increased by 30% in all of the strains of mice. However, ventricular stiffness significantly decreased in the C57 SCID, significantly increased in the BALB/c, and did not change in the C57 WT. The characterization of matrix metalloproteinase induction and activation on day 30 was associated with T-lymphocyte function. The total cardiac fibrillar collagen, percentage of fibrillar collagen cross-linking, and the activity of the cross-linking enzyme lysyl oxidase-like-3 (LOXL-3) significantly decreased in the C57 SCID, significantly increased in the BALB/c, and did not change in the C57 WT. This study revealed that the LOXL-3 pathway, namely, gene expression, enzymatic activities, and LOXL-3-mediated collagen cross-linking, was associated with ventricular stiffness and incongruence with lymphocyte function. These data support the concept that the T lymphocytes may play a fundamental regulatory role in cardiac ECM composition through modulation of collagen synthesis, degradation, and cross-linking.
<i>Trypanosoma musculi</i> Infection in Mice Critically Relies on Mannose Receptor–Mediated Arginase Induction by a <i>Tb</i>KHC1 Kinesin H Chain Homolog (2017)

Arginase activity induction in macrophages is an escape mechanism developed by parasites to cope with the host's immune defense and benefit from increased host-derived growth factor production. We report that arginase expression and activity were induced in macrophages during mouse infection by <i>Trypanosoma musculi</i>, a natural parasite of this host. This induction was reproduced in vitro by excreted/secreted factors of the parasite. A mAb directed to <i>Tb</i>KHC1, an orphan kinesin H chain from <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i>, inhibited <i>T. musculi</i> excreted/secreted factor-mediated arginase induction. Anti-<i>Tb</i>KHC1 Ab also inhibited <i>T. musculi</i> growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of arginase activity and parasite growth involved C-type lectin receptors, because mannose injection decreased arginase activity induction and parasite load in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, the parasite load was reduced in mice lacking mannose receptor C-type 1. The <i>T. musculi</i> KHC1 homolog showed high similarity with <i>Tb</i>KHC1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of homologs of this gene in other trypanosomes, including pathogens for humans and animals. Host metabolism dysregulation represents an effective parasite mechanism to hamper the host immune response and modify host molecule production to favor parasite invasion and growth. Thus, this orphan kinesin plays an important role in promoting trypanosome infection, and its neutralization or the lock of its partner host molecules offers promising approaches to increasing resistance to infection and new developments in vaccination against trypanosomiasis.
Quantile Regression via an MM Algorithm (2000)

Abstract Quantile regression is an increasingly popular method for estimating the quantiles of a distribution conditional on the values of covariates. Regression quantiles are robust against the influence of outliers and, taken several at a time, they give a more complete picture of the conditional distribution than a single estimate of the center. This article first presents an iterative algorithm for finding sample quantiles without sorting and then explores a generalization of the algorithm to nonlinear quantile regression. Our quantile regression algorithm is termed an MM, or majorize—minimize, algorithm because it entails majorizing the objective function by a quadratic function followed by minimizing that quadratic. The algorithm is conceptually simple and easy to code, and our numerical tests suggest that it is computationally competitive with a recent interior point algorithm for most problems.
Complements and the Wound Healing Cascade: An Updated Review (2013)

Wound healing is a complex pathway of regulated reactions and cellular infiltrates. The mechanisms at play have been thoroughly studied but there is much still to learn. The health care system in the USA alone spends on average 9 billion dollars annually on treating of wounds. To help reduce patient morbidity and mortality related to abnormal or prolonged skin healing, an updated review and understanding of wound healing is essential. Recent works have helped shape the multistep process in wound healing and introduced various growth factors that can augment this process. The complement cascade has been shown to have a role in inflammation and has only recently been shown to augment wound healing. In this review, we have outlined the biology of wound healing and discussed the use of growth factors and the role of complements in this intricate pathway.
Über die synthese unverzweigter polysaccharide (1966)

Abstract 2,3,6‐Glucosetricarbanilat — aus Cellulosetricarbanilat durch Alkoholyse in 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐methoxy‐äthan in Gegenwart von p ‐Toluolsulfosäure hergestellt — wurde in Chloroform/Dimethylsulfoxid durch Phosphorpentoxid kondensiert. Streulichtmessungen der Polykondensate ergaben Polymerisationsgrade bis 640. Zum Unterschied von Cellulose‐ und Amylosetricarbanilaten wurde keine eindeutige Beziehung zwischen S TAUDINGER ‐Indices und Molekulargewichten gefunden. Die Streulichtintensität ergab keine Winkelabhängigkeit. Die Produkte müssen daher verzweigt sein. Die Seitenketten sind an die Carbanilatgruppen gebunden, denn nach alkalischer Verseifung lagen die Polymerisationsgrade bei ca. 60. Aus Abbauversuchen mit α‐Amylase und Cellulase, Drehwerten in Tetraäthylammoniumhydroxid und vergleichenden Viskositätsmessungen an den Polyglucosanen und verschiendenen Cellodextrinen geht hervor, daß nur 1,4‐β‐glucosidische Bindungen in den synthetischen Polysacchariden vorliegen und daß die Produkte unverzweigt sind.
New Abandonment Technology New Materials and Placement Techniques (2001)

Abstract Recent industry concerns related to the increasing number of idle wells in the United States prompted a search by Chevron Environmental Management Company (EMC) for more reliable and cost effective means of well abandonment technology. This paper presents the results of the search, laboratory research and field pilot testing conducted by EMC and the California Department of Conservation Division of Oil Gas and Geothermal Resources. Additionally, the cost analysis and future areas of research are addressed. The successful implementation of the abandonment techniques discussed in this paper show substantial savings on a per well basis while providing a reduction in future liability.
Near Field Lightbeam Technology. (1995)

Abstract : This program has been aimed at the technology development of near field optical imaging in reflection, transmission and emissive modes using radiation' from Lw to IR. In this contract period, we have designed and constructed an optical near field/shear force microscope capable of 30 nm resolution. This instrument has been used to demonstrate the difference between topographic and materials contrast and enabled us to quantitatively evaluate the character of near field images. We have shown the role that polarization and detector geometry play in reflection near field imaging and quantitatively assessed spatial resolution in near field systems. In addition, we have demonstrated near field imaging of 1.3um wavelength radiation and near field printing of LIV radiation at close to A/10 resolution. (MM)
Genetic Alterations in Esophageal Cancer (2003)

In the United States, esophageal cancers are of the squamous cell type (ESCC) or adenocarcinoma (EADC). Other esophageal malignant neoplasms are rare. Smoking and alcohol, particularly consumption of hard liquor, are strongly associated with development of ESCC in the United States and Europe. Dietary factors such as vitamin deficiencies, trace-metal deficiencies, fungal contamination of food, and high nitrite and nitrosamine content are contributing factors in China and Africa. Other predisposing influences include gastrointestinal disorders such as achalasia, Plummer-Vinson syndrome, longstanding celiac disease, and tylosis. Males and African Americans are more likely to develop ESCC in the United States, whereas EADC is more common in males and Caucasians. The incidence of EADC has increased markedly in the past two decades, both in the United States and abroad. In many countries, the incidence of EADC is increasing at a rate that exceeds that of any other malignancy. It is well accepted that esophageal adenocarcinomas arise from Barrett’s esophagus, a premalignant condition of the esophagus. The risk of EADC appears to be at least 30 times greater in those with Barrett’s esophagus than in those without. Barrett’s esophagus represents conversion of the normal squamous epithelium to a columnar intestinal metaplasia, in response (in part) to chronic injury from chronic gastroesophageal reflux. Similarly to other types of gastrointestinal cancers, an accumulation of genetic alterations follows the dysplasia-adenocarcinoma sequence in esophageal adenocarcinoma. Although certain genetic alterations appear more often or earlier than others, it does not appear that there is a uniform sequence of mutations leading from normal esophageal mucosa to invasive esophageal adenocarcinoma, although some mutations tend to occur early and others late.
Broadband tuner on a chip for cable modem, HDTV, and legacy analog standards (2002)

Market requirements and implementation of the first broadband tuner on a chip are described. This IC is built in a 0.8-/spl mu/m BICMOS process and includes the entire signal path as well as integrated PLLs. The architecture and design are discussed at the block and transistor levels. Measured results are shown.
Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Activity of RNA Interference against Four Genotypes of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Based on Single MicroRNA Polycistrons (2011)

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a neurotropic mosquito-borne flavivirus, causes acute viral encephalitis and neurologic disease with a high fatality rate in humans and a range of animals. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful antiviral agent able to inhibit JEV replication. However, the high rate of genetic variability between JEV strains (of four confirmed genotypes, genotypes I, II, III and IV) hampers the broad-spectrum application of siRNAs, and mutations within the targeted sequences could facilitate JEV escape from RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated antiviral therapy. To improve the broad-spectrum application of siRNAs and prevent the generation of escape mutants, multiple siRNAs targeting conserved viral sequences need to be combined. In this study, using a siRNA expression vector based on the miR-155 backbone and promoted by RNA polymerase II, we initially identified nine siRNAs targeting highly conserved regions of seven JEV genes among strains of the four genotypes of JEV to effectively block the replication of the JEV vaccine strain SA14-14-2. Then, we constructed single microRNA-like polycistrons to simultaneously express these effective siRNAs under a single RNA polymerase II promoter. Finally, these single siRNAs or multiple siRNAs from the microRNA-like polycistrons showed effective anti-virus activity in genotype I and genotype III JEV wild type strains, which are the predominant genotypes of JEV in mainland China. The anti-JEV effect of these microRNA-like polycistrons was also predicted in other genotypes of JEV (genotypes II and IV), The inhibitory efficacy indicated that siRNAs×9 could theoretically inhibit the replication of JEV genotypes II and IV.
Hidden Spears: Handlebars as Injury Hazards to Children (1998)

A discordancy exists between the apparently minor circumstances and serious injuries sustained by child bicyclists who impact bicycle handlebars. Recognition of the mechanism of handlebar-related injuries might aid the practitioner in early diagnosis of serious abdominal injuries in child bicyclists. This injury mechanism may be avoided through bicycle redesign that would involve both limiting rotation of the front wheel and modifying the ends of handlebars. An integrated approach involving a surveillance system to identify an injury hazard supplemented by in-depth, on-site crash investigations effectively provided the detailed mechanism of injury needed to develop interventions.
Induction of IL-5 receptors on normal B cells by cross-linking surface Ig with anti-Ig-dextran (1991)

Regulation of IL-5R expression in normal, non-Ly-1 (CD5) B cells was evaluated. Freshly isolated unfractionated spleen B cells express little or no detectable IL-5R. In contrast, B cells stimulated with anti-Ig-dextran conjugates express substantial numbers of IL-5R. Phenotypic analysis of the B cells responding to anti-Ig-dextran, and expressing IL-5R, demonstrates that these cells do not express Ly-1 or Mac-1. Scatchard analysis of B cells stimulated with anti-IgD-dextran reveals two classes of IL-5R: a high affinity receptor with a Kd of 17 pM and approximately 300 receptors/cell, and a low affinity receptor with a Kd of 0.6 nM and approximately 1000 receptors/cell. Peak receptor expression in response to anti-IgD-dextran is seen 72 h after stimulation and with a dose of 10 ng/ml. The induced receptors are functional, because both proliferation and Ig secretion by B cells treated with anti-IgD-dextran are enhanced by IL-5. Other B cell mitogens such as LPS, soluble anti-Ig/IL-4, or phorbol esters/ionomycin are poor inducers of the IL-5R. Finally, not only does LPS fail to induce significant IL-5R expression on spleen B cells, it suppresses both high and low affinity IL-5R expression induced by anti-IgD-dextran. These data indicate that normal, non-Ly-1 B cells are capable of expressing both high and low affinity IL-5R but that receptor expression is critically dependent on the type of stimulus provided to the B cell. A stimulus that produces extensive cross-linking of surface Ig on B cells, i.e., anti-Ig-dextran, is very effective in inducing IL-5R whereas a variety of other B cell mitogens are ineffective.
The Construction of Web Navigation Model in Online Automated Universities' Students Matching System (OAUSMS) (2010)

Navigational contexts are defined and access structures are added in this stage as a finalized form of web navigation model. As a result, this research is targeted to eliminate user frustration as a cause of ‘lost in hyperspace’. Online Automated Universities’ Students Matching System (OAUSMS) is an existing web-based system that focused on the implementation of data warehousing as the main features of system’s development. The development of this system was more to technology oriented without conducting any formal navigational approach. The navigation model is built in two stages. The first one develops a model of rough navigation structure based on navigational classes and links which is called navigational class model. The second one refines this model on describing how objects can be grouped to optimize navigation and collaborate to fulfill the navigation. Key words: OAUSMS; web navigation model; hypermedia design model (HDM); navigational class model; hyperspace