gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation of the FAA LAAS Specification Using the LAAS Test Prototype (LTP) (1998)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is currently developing a specification for the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) Ground Facility. The FAA William J. Hughes Technical Center has been tasked with validation of this specification. As part of the validation, the LAAS Test Prototype (LTP) was used in a series of tests to evaluate LAAS performance at operational airports selected from the LAAS Requirements Document (RD). This paper summarizes the LTP ground and flight tests conducted in Pennsylvania at the Philadelphia International Airport, in Alaska at the Fairbanks International and Cold Bay Airports, and in Minnesota at the Minneapolis–St. Paul International Airport. Over 240 approaches were conducted using the system described in this report. Approaches were completed in both an FAA-owned Boeing 727 and a Falcon 20 owned by the National Research Council of Canada. The results of the LTP tests show that the current LAAS architecture is capable of providing the level of service required by the LAAS RD.
Biosynthetic Arginine Decarboxylase from Escherichia coli (1973)

Abstract Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase of Escherichia coli has been purified 1,500-fold. The purified enzyme showed two bands on disc gel electrophoresis, both carrying out the decarboxylation of l-arginine. Electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and sedimentation equilibrium ultracentrifugation was consistent with the enzyme being a tetramer of approximately 296,000 molecular weight. Titration of the apoenzyme with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate showed the binding of 1 molecule of cofactor per subunit. Biosynthetic arginine decarboxylase showed absolute requirements for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and magnesium ion for activity. The purified enzyme had a pH optimum of 8.4 and showed high specificity toward l-arginine as substrate. Both pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and arginine showed classical hyperbolic saturation kinetics with Michaelis constants of 0.6 µm for the former and 30 µm for the latter. The magnesium saturation curve, on the other hand, showed a sigmoidal relationship (S0.5 = 1.3 mm). The enzyme was feedback-inhibited by the polyamine end products, putrescine and spermidine. Analysis of kinetic studies showed that inhibition by putrescine was partially competitive with Mg2+ and partially competitive with arginine.
Economic impact of tourism in India (2016)

Tourism is world's largest industry without making smoke. It occupies one in nine global jobs and contributes 10 per cent to the world's Gross Domestic Product. It is a dynamically developing area of external economic activities. It affects different other sectors of the economy through its high growth and progress rates, substantial amounts of foreign currency inflows, infrastructure expansion and introduction of new management and educational experiences. Consecutively it adds positively to the social and economic development of the country as a whole. Its actual and potential economic impact is amazing. So this paper is an attempt to measure the economic impact of tourism in India. Currently a lot of measures are there to measure the impact. The important measures are Input-Output Method, Multiplier Method, Economic Impact Assessment Scale, Tourism Satellite Accounts Method, Impacts of Visitor Spending Method and Computable General Equilibrium Model. In this study the author is using the Visitor Spending Method.
Design and performance of a Q switch Nd laser with 10j pulse emission in burst mode (1990)

The paper presents the results and the criteria followed in the design of a solid state laser operating in bust mode. Specifically addressed for a Thomson scattering diagnostic, the laser delivers at 1 urn a burst of 10 shots, each of 10 J, 15 nsec and pratically diffraction limited. Main problems are thermal effect which can cause un unaccettable change of divergence during the bust. It will be show that the simple scheme of nocooling turns out feasible. Effects of doping level, choise of Nd hosts together with choises of discharge electronic will be considered. An optimum choise proved to be the YLF oscillator and preamplifier, followed by a double pass zig-zag phosphate slab. Near field and far field pattern show a good point and divergence stability. Roughly speaking, we can say that an "overall induced thermal lens" longer than 40 m for the 2 cm output beam has been achieved.
Unraveling the genome structure of polyploids using FISH and GISH; examples of sugarcane and banana (2005)

We review here the progress that has been achieved using molecular cytogenetics to analyze the genome structure of sugarcane (Saccharum spp) and banana (Musa spp), two crops that are polyploid, of interspecific origin and with chromosomes not distinguishable by their gross morphology. In Saccharum, molecular cytogenetics enabled us to determine the basic chromosome number of two species, Saccharum officinarum and S. spontaneum, involved in the origin of modern cultivars, to quantify the proportion of chromosomes of these species in the genome of modern cultivars, to assess the extent of interspecific chromosome recombination and to clarify the origin of the related species S. barberi. These techniques are also used to monitor introgression with related genera. In Musa, GISH enabled us to differentiate the four genomes involved in banana cultivars and allowed us to determine the genome constitution of several cultivars. FISH was used to analyze the distribution of repeated sequences along the genome.
The EU-AIMS Longitudinal European Autism Project (LEAP): design and methodologies to identify and validate stratification biomarkers for autism spectrum disorders (2017)

We expect that LEAP will enable us to confirm, reject and refine current hypotheses of neurocognitive/neurobiological abnormalities, identify biologically and clinically meaningful ASD subgroups, and help us map phenotypic heterogeneity to different aetiologies.
AN OUTER MEMBRANE PROTEIN OF <i>NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS</i> GROUP B RESPONSIBLE FOR SEROTYPE SPECIFICITY (1974)

Meningococcal groups B and C have been subdivided into a series of serotypes based upon the antigenic specificity of protein serotype antigens (STA). The purpose of these studies was to obtain the STA by gentle methods and determine its anatomic location in the meningococcal cell. The STA was extracted from group B meningococcal strains by either 0.2 M LiCl or 0.2 M CaCl(2) and isolated from the extracts by gel filtration on Sepharose 6B or by pelleting the STA by centrifugation at 100,000 g. The isolated STA was a lipoprotein-lipopolysaccharide complex with a mol wt of approximately 4 x 10(6) daltons. Antisera prepared against the type 2 STA were bactericidal only for homologous serotype strains. The STA proved to be a constituent of the outer membrane of the cell envelope. This was shown by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the isolated outer membrane and of the purified STA. The type 2 STA complex contains three principal proteins, one of which is predominant with a mol wt of 41,000 daltons. The type 2 STA was dissociated by Triton X-100 and separated by sucrose gradient isodensity centrifugation into two peaks. The denser peak (rho = 1.26 g/cm(3)) contained the majority of the 41,000 dalton major outer membrane protein as shown by SDS-PAGE. This peak also contained the type 2 antigenic determinant. Thus the major outer membrane protein, extracted as part of a lipoprotein-lipopolysaccharide complex, contains the type 2 STA determinant.
Touch cytology. A quick, simple, sensitive screening test in the diagnosis of infections of the gastrointestinal mucosa. (1994)

To assess the role of touch cytology (imprint from endoscopic biopsy specimens) in the diagnosis of mucosal infections of the gastrointestinal tract, we reviewed all records and specimens of patients seen during a 30-month period. Touch cytology was performed by rolling biopsy specimens on glass slides. After air fixation, a rapid staining method similar to May-Grünwald-Giemsa was used. The following infections and pathogens were diagnosed (in decreasing order of frequency): Helicobacter pylori gastritis (n = 53), Candida albicans esophagitis (n = 40), Giardia lamblia (n = 13), Gastrospirillum hominis (n = 11), and Blastocystis hominis (n = 8). The smear was positive in 45 patients with H pylori, in 35 patients with C albicans, in nine patients with G lamblia, in 11 patients with G hominis, and in eight patients with B hominis. Cytology was the only positive test in eight, nine, four, seven, and eight patients, respectively, and increased thus the diagnostic yield obtained by histologic examination.
Synthesis of novel 2‐aminoimidazo[4,5‐<i>b</i>]pyridines, including the thieno analogue of the cooked‐food mutagen IFP (2006)

Abstract magnified image Eight new compounds, including three new ring systems obtained via the Friedländer condensation of ortho ‐aminothiophenecarbaldehydes 11, 21 and 24 with creatinine (8), are reported. The condensation afforded 1, which is the thieno analogue of the cooked‐food mutagen IFP (2‐amino‐1,6‐dimethylfuro[2,3‐ e ]imidazo[4,5‐ b ]pyridine), and the benzothieno[2,3‐ e ]‐ and benzothieno[3,2‐ e ]imidazo[4,5‐ b ]pyridines 2 and 3. Attempts to condense 11 with isocreatinine (12) were unsuccesful. Desulfurization of 3 gave the known cooked‐food carcinogen PhIP. The 2‐nitro (4) and 2‐hydroxy (5) derivatives of 3 are reported. The related 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐imidazo[4,5‐ b ]benzothiophene (25) was synthesized by a different route. Fully assigned 1 H and 13 C nmr data of all new compounds are reported.
Cyclosal-pronucleotides - development of first and second generation chemical trojan horses for antiviral chemotherapy (2004)

Pronucleotides represent a promising alternative to improve the biological activity of nucleoside analogs against different viral diseases. Moreover, pronucleotides are valuable tools for studies concerning the nucleoside/nucleotide metabolism. The basic idea is to achieve nucleotide delivery into cells, bypassing limitations with intracellular formation of nucleotides from their nucleoside precursors. The cycloSal-concept is one of several pronucleotide systems reported so far but is the only approach in which a pronucleotide is cleaved successfully by a simple but selective chemical hydrolysis. Beside others, for the nucleoside analog d4T the application of the cycloSal-approach improved antiviral potency. In the first part, the basic concept, the chemistry, different structural modifications and their effects on the antiviral potency of the cycloSal-d4TMP triesters have been discussed in this review. In the second part, first results of a conceptional extension of the original cycloSal-approach will be summarized. Once the pronucleotides have passed the membrane, the aim is to trap the cycloSal-phosphate triesters inside the cells. Therefore, enzyme-cleavable groups have been attached via a linker to the cycloSal-moiety.
P-Heterocyclic carbenes as potential ligands in the design of new metathesis catalysts. A computational study (2006)

Density functional calculations are reported concerning the olefin metathesis characteristics of a variety of P-heterocyclic carbene (PHC) complexes. The calculations employ model catalysts of the type (PMe3)(PHC)Cl2Ru=CH2, the PHC ligands being 1,3-dihydro-1,3-diphosphol-2-ylidene PH, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-diphosphol-2-ylidene PPH, and 1,4-dihydro-1,4-diphosphol-2-azol-5-ylidene PNH. Complexes with N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHC) are included for comparison. Associative and dissociative reaction pathways are considered, the latter ones representing the favored reaction mechanisms. Calculations show that the rate determining step is ring opening of a ruthena-cyclobutane intermediate. In comparison with NHC model catalysts, the PHC compounds have lower phosphine dissociation energies, and also form weaker pi-complexes with an olefinic substrate. Compared to the initially formed pi-complexes, the ruthena-cyclobutane is more stable for PHC- than for NHC-catalysts. The catalytic activity of model PHC-compounds in comparison with NHC-compounds is discussed on the basis of the calculated reaction profiles. In this context, different models for enhanced reactivity of NHC-based catalysts that have been proposed in the literature are considered as well. It is demonstrated that the nature of the substituent of the carbene phosphorus not only exhibits a steric influence on the course of the reaction, but a significant stereoelectronic effect as well. Further, agostic interactions in ruthena-cyclobutane intermediates are investigated.
New chemistry of iminyl radicals (1975)

Aryliminyls, produced by oxidation of oximino-acetic or -propanoic acids with persulphate, may either dimerise, cyclise on to an adjacent phenyl group to give a phenanthridine, or abstract hydrogen from an o-methyl group to give a benzyl radical.
Approximate analysis of optical waveguide grating coupling coefficients (1976)

Several major design improvements to a previously described nitrogen laser are presented. The active region has a larger cross section but shorter length resulting in an output beam of better optical quality and a laser channel which is cheaper and easier to build. The gas flow is transverse to the channel, and the pressure is more uniform. These and other improvements result in a 9-nsec pulse FWHM (full width at half-maximum) whose peak power exceeds 0.7 MW when the laser is supplied with 24 kV and pulsed at 10 Hz.
Isolation and structure of tunichrome B-1, a reducing blood pigment from the tunicate Ascidia nigra (Linnaeus) (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and structure of tunichrome B-1, a reducing blood pigment from the tunicate Ascidia nigra (Linnaeus)Reimar C. Bruening, Eugene M. Oltz, Jun Furukawa, Koji Nakanishi, and Kenneth KustinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 18, 5298–5300Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00304a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00304a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Method to Prepare Ternary Methanol Electro-Oxidation Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Applications (2017)

In this work ternary methanol electro-oxidation catalysts based on mesoporous carbon (MC) were prepared by a novel approach for direct methanol fuel cell applications. Platinum (Pt), ruthenium (Ru) along with oxides of iron, cobalt and nickel were used as the active component in the electrocatalyst. A novel approach was used to prepare Pt-Ru/Fe2O3-MC, Pt-Ru/CoO-MC and PtRu/NiO-MC methanol electro-oxidation catalysts by synthesizing high surface area Fe2O3-MC, CoO-MC and NiO-MC and then followed by impregnation with Pt-Ru. The synthesized metal oxides and catalysts were characterized using FESEM, BET surface area, FT-IR and XRD. The prepared Fe2O3-MC, CoO-MC and NiO-MC showed large pore volume of 0.72–1.46 cm3/g and high surface area of 686–1589 m2/g, which enabled high dispersion of the Pt-Ru nanoparticles. These catalysts have been tested for methanol electro-oxidation activity by electrochemical techniques. The highest catalyst activity of 12.36 mA/mg has been found for the Pt-Ru/NiO-MC, which is higher than the commercial Pt-Ru/C (E-TEK) catalyst. The measured catalytic activity decreased in the order: Pt-Ru/NiO-MC > Pt-Ru/CoO-MC > Pt-Ru/Fe2O3-MC > Pt-Ru/C (E-TEK). In addition, Moreover, these prepared catalyst samples also showed good stability, Moreover, these catalysts are fairly stable, which is similar to the commercial catalyst.
SHPF: Enhancing HTTP(S) Session Security with Browser Fingerprinting (2013)

Session hijacking has become a major problem in today's Web services, especially with the availability of free off-the-shelf tools. As major websites like Facebook, You tube and Yahoo still do not use HTTPS for all users by default, new methods are needed to protect the users' sessions if session tokens are transmitted in the clear. In this paper we propose the use of browser fingerprinting for enhancing current state-of-the-art HTTP(S) session management. Monitoring a wide set of features of the user's current browser makes session hijacking detectable at the server and raises the bar for attackers considerably. This paper furthermore identifies HTML5 and CSS features that can be used for browser fingerprinting and to identify or verify a browser without the need to rely on the User Agent string. We implemented our approach in a framework that is highly configurable and can be added to existing Web applications and server-side session management with ease.
Green Data Centers: A Survey, Perspectives, and Future Directions (2016)

At present, a major concern regarding data centers is their extremely high energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. However, because of the over-provisioning of resources, the utilization of existing data centers is, in fact, remarkably low, leading to considerable energy waste. Therefore, over the past few years, many research efforts have been devoted to increasing efficiency for the construction of green data centers. The goal of these efforts is to efficiently utilize available resources and to reduce energy consumption and thermal cooling costs. In this paper, we provide a survey of the state-of-the-art research on green data center techniques, including energy efficiency, resource management, thermal control and green metrics. Additionally, we present a detailed comparison of the reviewed proposals. We further discuss the key challenges for future research and highlight some future research issues for addressing the problem of building green data centers.
Process models for design synthesis (1990)

Models of design processes provide guidance in the development of knowledge-based systems for design. The basis for such models comes from research in design theory and methodology as well as problem solving in AI. Three models are presented: decomposition, case-based reasoning, and transformation. Each model provides a formalism for representing design knowledge and experience in distinct and complementary forms.
Alternative Methods for Measuring Inorganic, Organic, and Total Dissolved Nitrogen in Soil (2010)

There are numerous methods for measuring inorganic, dissolved organic, and microbial N in soils, although many of these are complex or require expensive equipment. We have modified methods for the measurement of NH 4 + , NO 3 − , total dissolved N (TDN), and soil microbial biomass N (SMBN) in soils. The methods are based on a microtiter plate format and are rapid and simple to perform. Ammonium is quantified by a colorimetric method based on the Berthelot reaction. Total dissolved N and SMBN (by CH 3 Cl fumigation‐extraction) are quantified as NO 3 − after alkaline persulfate oxidation. Nitrate is estimated directly or after persulfate oxidation by reduction of NO 3 − to NO 2 − by VCl 3 and subsequent colorimetric determination of NO 2 − by acidic Griess reaction. The new suite of methods was compared with conventional methods such as high‐performance anion‐exchange chromatography for NO 3 − and high‐temperature catalytic oxidation for TDN. Our methods produced comparable detection limits, linearities, and precisions compared with the conventional methods. Limits of quantification were 7 μg NH 4 + –N L −1 , 55 μg NO 3 − –N L −1 , and 0.275 mg TDN L −1 The accuracy of the proposed methods was excellent, with recoveries of added NH 4 + , NO 3 − , and glycine ranging between 96 and 99%. Linearities of the respective calibrations were high ( R 2 > 0.99), and precisions for NH 4 + (CV = 2.1%), NO 3 − (CV = 3.5%), and TDN (CV = 3.9%) were comparable to the reference methods. The simplicity, rapidity, and low cost of the proposed methods therefore allow an expansion of the scope and range of N cycle studies where sophisticated instrumentation is not available.
A mouse model of ghrelinoma exhibited activated growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor I axis and glucose intolerance (2009)

Ghrelin is a stomach-derived peptide that has growth hormone-stimulating and orexigenic activities. Although there have been several reports of ghrelinoma cases, only a few cases have elevated circulating ghrelin levels, hampering the investigation of pathophysiological features of ghrelinoma and chronic effects of ghrelin excess. Furthermore, standard transgenic technique has resulted in desacyl ghrelin production only because of the limited tissue expression of ghrelin O-acyltransferase, which mediates acylation of ghrelin. Accordingly, we attempted to create ghrelin promoter SV40 T-antigen transgenic (GP-Tag Tg) mice, in which ghrelin-producing cells continued to proliferate and finally developed into ghrelinoma. Adult GP-Tag Tg mice showed elevated plasma ghrelin levels with preserved physiological regulation. Adult GP-Tag Tg mice with increased plasma ghrelin levels exhibited elevated IGF-I levels despite poor nutrition. Although basal growth hormone levels were not changed, those after growth hormone-releasing hormone injection tended to be higher. These results indicate that chronic elevation of ghrelin activates GH-IGF-I axis. In addition, GP-Tag Tg mice demonstrated glucose intolerance. Insulin secretion by glucose tolerance tests was significantly attenuated in GP-Tag Tg, whereas insulin sensitivity determined by insulin tolerance tests was preserved, indicating that chronic elevation of ghrelin suppresses insulin secretion and leads to glucose intorelance. Thus, we successfully generated a Tg model of ghrelinoma, which is a good tool to investigate chronic effects of ghrelin excess. Moreover, their characteristic features could be a hint on ghrelinoma.