gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zero temperature coefficient of delay for surface waves in quartz (1979)

Some new orientations and propagation directions possessing zero temperature coefficients of delay for surface waves in quartz with somewhat better electromechanical coupling than the ST cut are reported. One of the orientations also exhibits an almost-zero power flow angle. The results have been obtained using a nonlinearly based formalism in which the reference geometry, which remains fixed as the temperature is varied, may be employed.
Document Image Quality Assessment: A Brief Survey (2013)

To maintain, control and enhance the quality of document images and minimize the negative impact of degradations on various analysis and processing systems, it is critical to understand the types and sources of degradations and develop reliable methods for estimating the levels of degradations. This paper provides a brief survey of research on the topic of document image quality assessment. We first present a detailed analysis of the types and sources of document degradations. We then review techniques for document image degradation modeling. Finally, we discuss objective measures and subjective experiments that are used to characterize document image quality.
Optimizing Outcomes with Maximal Surgical Resection of Malignant Gliomas (2003)

An aggressive surgical procedure for malignant gliomas can result in increased survival duration for selected groups of patients.
Inflation of type I error rates by unequal variancesassociated with parametric, nonparametric, andRank-Transformation Tests (2004)

It is well known that the two-sample Student t test fails to maintain its significance level when the variances of treatment groups are unequal, and, at the same time, sample sizes are unequal. However, introductory textbooks in psychology and education often maintain that the test is robust to variance heterogeneity when sample sizes are equal. The present study discloses that, for a wide variety of non-normal distributions, especially skewed distributions, the Type I error probabilities of both the t test and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test are substantially inflated by heterogeneous variances, even when sample sizes are equal. The Type I error rate of the test performed on ranks replacing the scores (rank-transformed data) is inflated in the same way and always corresponds closely to that of the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test. For many probability densities, the distortion of the significance level is far greater after transformation to ranks and, contrary to known asymptotic properties, the magnitude of the inflation is an increasing function of sample size. Although nonparametric tests of location also can be sensitive to differences in the shape of distributions apart from location, the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and rank-transformation tests apparently are influenced mainly by skewness that is accompanied by specious differences in the means of ranks.
Active filtering of physiological motion in robotized surgery using predictive control (2005)

This work presents a predictive-control approach to active mechanical filtering of complex, periodic motions of organs induced by respiration or heart beating in robotized surgery. Two different predictive-control schemes are proposed for the compensation of respiratory motions or cardiac motions. For respiratory motions, the periodic property of the disturbance has been included into the input-output model of the controlled system so as to have the robotic system learn and anticipate perturbation motions. A new cost function is proposed for the unconstrained generalized predictive controller (GPC), where reference tracking is decoupled from the rejection of predictable periodic motions. Cardiac motions are more complex, since they are the combination of two periodic nonharmonic components. An adaptive disturbance predictor is proposed which outputs future predicted disturbance values. These predicted values are used to anticipate the disturbance by using the predictive feature of a regular GPC. Experimental results are presented on a laboratory testbed and in vivo on pigs. They demonstrate the effectiveness of the two proposed methods to compensate complex physiological motion.
Feature-placing Sentences and the Canonical Scheme (2021)

Feature-placing sentences are often confused with the general sentences in the canonical predicate calculus. The confusion is largely caused by their perceived commonality that both lack the subject-predicate form. In this paper, I offer some clarification of the fundamental differences between the two: the general sentences of the canonical predicate calculus contain predicates and variables which take individual objects as their values, and it is the sense of predication implied by the existence of predicates in these general sentences that is completely absent in feature-placing sentences.
User effect comparison between metal bezel antenna and planar inverted F‐antenna for mobile terminal (2012)

Abstract This article presents a novel metal bezel antenna structure and its performance in user vicinity. The antenna is designed by keeping in mind the insensitivity in usage environments. In the antenna structure, a mobile chassis and a bezel are combined as one antenna element. Symmetrical feeding is used to excite the antenna. The characteristics of the metal bezel are compared with those of a conventional planar inverted‐F antenna in terms of user effect at E‐GSM band (880–960 MHz). Both antennas are measured and compared with four different hand phantom grips representing a browsing mode. The grips are designed so that the chassis is under the hand phantom in different variable usage conditions. Results are compared in terms of S 11 , total efficiency, total body loss, radiation efficiency, reflection loss, and in Smith chart presentation. Finally, antenna structures are compared with hand and head phantom measurements representing a calling mode. The comparison is done in terms of average total body loss. The used hand grips are the same as in the case of the hand phantom measurements. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,v Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:316–322, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27306
Wing tip vortex control using synthetic jets (2006)

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to study the effect of synthetic jet (oscillatory, zero net mass flow jet) blowing near the wing tip, as a means of diffusing the trailing vortex. Velocity measurements were taken, using a Particle Image Velocimetry system, around the tip and in the near wake of a rectangular wing, which was equipped with several blowing slots. The effect of the synthetic jet was compared to that of a continuous jet blowing from the same configurations. The results show that the use of synthetic jet blowing is generally beneficial in diffusing the trailing vortex and comparable to the use of continuous jet. The effect was more pronounced for the highest blowing coefficient used. The driving frequency of the jet did not generally prove to be a significant parameter. Finally, the instantaneous and the phase-locked velocity measurements helped explain the different mechanisms employed by the continuous and synthetic jets in diffusing the trailing vortex.
Mathematical modeling provides kinetic details of the human immune response to vaccination (2015)

With major advances in experimental techniques to track antigen-specific immune responses many basic questions on the kinetics of virus-specific immunity in humans remain unanswered. To gain insights into kinetics of T and B cell responses in human volunteers we combined mathematical models and experimental data from recent studies employing vaccines against yellow fever and smallpox. Yellow fever virus-specific CD8 T cell population expanded slowly with the average doubling time of 2 days peaking 2.5 weeks post immunization. Interestingly, we found that the peak of the yellow fever-specific CD8 T cell response was determined by the rate of T cell proliferation and not by the precursor frequency of antigen-specific cells as has been suggested in several studies in mice. We also found that while the frequency of virus-specific T cells increased slowly, the slow increase could still accurately explain clearance of yellow fever virus in the blood. Our additional mathematical model described well the kinetics of virus-specific antibody-secreting cell and antibody response to vaccinia virus in vaccinated individuals suggesting that most of antibodies in 3 months post immunization were derived from the population of circulating antibody-secreting cells. Taken together, our analysis provided novel insights into mechanisms by which live vaccines induce immunity to viral infections and highlighted challenges of applying methods of mathematical modeling to the current, state-of-the-art yet limited immunological data.
A decision engine for configuration of proactive defenses— challenges and concepts (2016)

Selecting appropriate cyber defense mechanisms for an enterprise network and correctly configuring them is a challenging problem. Identifying the set of defenses and their configurations in a way that maximizes security without exhausting system resources or causing unintended interference (a situation known as cyber friendly-fire) is a multi-criteria decision problem, which is difficult for humans to solve effectively and efficiently. Proactive defenses are especially difficult to configure due to their temporal nature. This paper describes the challenges and solution concepts for a decision engine that (1) intelligently searches for optimal cyber defense configurations in a way that leads to continuously improving solutions; (2) uses compute clusters to scale computation to realistic enterprise-level networks; and (3) presents meaningful choices to operators and incorporates their feedback to improve the suggested solutions.
Intramolecular epoxidation in unsaturated ketones and oxaziridines (2001)

The possibility of intramolecular epoxidation in acyclic unsaturated ketones (via dioxiranes) and oxaziridines (via oxaziridinium species) has been investigated. Treatment of several acyclic unsaturated ketones with Oxone® led to low levels of regio- and stereocontrol, suggesting that background epoxidation by Oxone® dominates. However, treatment of unsaturated oxaziridines with methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate led to intramolecular epoxidation. This process allowed regioselective epoxidation of a non-conjugated diene. It also proceeded with a high degree of stereocontrol consistent with a stereoelectronic preference for a spiro-transition state.
Perspective on photonic memristive neuromorphic computing (2020)

Abstract Neuromorphic computing applies concepts extracted from neuroscience to develop devices shaped like neural systems and achieve brain-like capacity and efficiency. In this way, neuromorphic machines, able to learn from the surrounding environment to deduce abstract concepts and to make decisions, promise to start a technological revolution transforming our society and our life. Current electronic implementations of neuromorphic architectures are still far from competing with their biological counterparts in terms of real-time information-processing capabilities, packing density and energy efficiency. A solution to this impasse is represented by the application of photonic principles to the neuromorphic domain creating in this way the field of neuromorphic photonics. This new field combines the advantages of photonics and neuromorphic architectures to build systems with high efficiency, high interconnectivity and high information density, and paves the way to ultrafast, power efficient and low cost and complex signal processing. In this Perspective, we review the rapid development of the neuromorphic computing field both in the electronic and in the photonic domain focusing on the role and the applications of memristors. We discuss the need and the possibility to conceive a photonic memristor and we offer a positive outlook on the challenges and opportunities for the ambitious goal of realising the next generation of full-optical neuromorphic hardware.
A single-chip CMOS filter/codec (1981)

A second generation LSI codec has been implemented. In this chip, switched-capacitor filters, a charge redistribution encoder and decoder, voltage references, a signaling logic circuit, and all necessary functions for voice-PCM conversion are integrated. The authors describe the codec and summarizes its characteristics.
Flexible reference-counting-based hardware acceleration for garbage collection (2009)

Languages featuring automatic memory management (garbage collection) are increasingly used to write all kinds of applications because they provide clear software engineering and security advantages. Unfortunately, garbage collection imposes a toll on performance and introduces pause times, making such languages less attractive for high-performance or real-time applications. Much progress has been made over the last five decades to reduce the overhead of garbage collection, but it remains significant. We propose a cooperative hardware-software technique to reduce the performance overhead of garbage collection. The key idea is to reduce the frequency of garbage collection by efficiently detecting and reusing dead memory space in hardware via hardware-implemented reference counting. Thus, even though software garbage collections are still eventually needed, they become much less frequent and have less impact on overall performance. Our technique is compatible with a variety of software garbage collection algorithms, does not break compatibility with existing software, and reduces garbage collection time by 31% on average on the Java DaCapo benchmarks running on the production build of the Jikes RVM, which uses a state-of-the-art generational garbage collector.
Neuroprotective Strategies for Traumatic Brain Injury: Improving Clinical Translation (2014)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces secondary biochemical changes that contribute to delayed neuroinflammation, neuronal cell death, and neurological dysfunction. Attenuating such secondary injury has provided the conceptual basis for neuroprotective treatments. Despite strong experimental data, more than 30 clinical trials of neuroprotection in TBI patients have failed. In part, these failures likely reflect methodological differences between the clinical and animal studies, as well as inadequate pre-clinical evaluation and/or trial design problems. However, recent changes in experimental approach and advances in clinical trial methodology have raised the potential for successful clinical translation. Here we critically analyze the current limitations and translational opportunities for developing successful neuroprotective therapies for TBI.
The role of inflammation in age-related disease (2013)

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Geroscience Interest Group (GSIG) sponsored workshop, The Role of Inflammation inAge-Related Disease, was held September 6th-7th, 2012 in Bethesda, MD. It is now recognized that a mild pro-inflammatory state is correlated with the major degenerative diseases of the elderly. The focus of the workshop was to better understand the origins and consequences of this low level chronic inflammation in order to design appropriate interventional studies aimed at improving healthspan. Four sessions explored the intrinsic, environmental exposures and immune pathways by which chronic inflammation are generated, sustained, and lead to age-associated diseases. At the conclusion of the workshop recommendations to accelerate progress toward understanding the mechanistic bases of chronic disease were identified.
2015 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship. Curing Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents: The Arc of a Medicinal Chemistry Triumph (2016)

The development of direct-acting antiviral agents that can cure a chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after 8-12 weeks of daily, well-tolerated therapy has revolutionized the treatment of this insidious disease. In this article, three of Bristol-Myers Squibb's HCV programs are summarized, each of which produced a clinical candidate: the NS3 protease inhibitor asunaprevir (64), marketed as Sunvepra, the NS5A replication complex inhibitor daclatasvir (117), marketed as Daklinza, and the allosteric NS5B polymerase inhibitor beclabuvir (142), which is in late stage clinical studies. A clinical study with 64 and 117 established for the first time that a chronic HCV infection could be cured by treatment with direct-acting antiviral agents alone in the absence of interferon. The development of small molecule HCV therapeutics, designed by medicinal chemists, has been hailed as "the arc of a medical triumph" but may equally well be described as "the arc of a medicinal chemistry triumph".
<b>Nonpharmacological Therapy of Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias</b>: Observations in 554 Patients (1994)

It has been shown that conventional antiarrhythmic drug treatment is debatable, and there is growing interest in nonpharmacological techniques. We studied the outcome of 554 patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) who underwent nonpharmacological techniques from March 1980 to June 1994 at our institution. Catheter ablation was performed in 51 patients (G1), map guided surgery in 147 (G2), and cardioverter defibrillator implantation (ICD) in 356 (G3). During a mean follow-up of 37 +/- 12 (< 1-137) months, incidence of sudden death (G1 4%, G2 6%, G3 3%) and cardiac death (G1 7%, G2 16%, G3 8%) were relatively low, and there was no significant differences between G1-G3. VT/VF recurrences occurred more frequently in G1 (57%) than in G2 (18%) (P < 0.01). ICD discharges occurred in 69% of patients. We conclude that nonpharmacological techniques lead to low sudden death rates; however, there is a high rate of recurrence in G1. Risk stratification is necessary to select the ideal therapy for each individual patient.
A simple envelope detector (1988)

The use of integration and differentiation as Hilbert transformers for envelope detection is considered. The resulting detectors are causal and do not require exact knowledge of carrier phase or frequency. The method requires square and square root operations, but no multiplication. An upper bound is established for magnitude error.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of a photosystem II reaction center consisting of D-1 and D-2 polypeptides and cytochrome <i>b</i> -559 (1987)

A photosystem II reaction center complex consisting of D-1 and D-2 polypeptides and cytochrome b-559 was isolated from spinach grana thylakoids, treated with 4% (wt/vol) Triton X-100, by ion-exchange chromatography using DEAE-Toyopearl 650S. The isolated complex appears to contain five chlorophyll a, two pheophytin a, one beta-carotene, and one or two cytochrome b-559 heme(s) (molar ratio) and exhibits a reversible absorbance change attributable to the photochemical accumulation of reduced pheophytin typical for the intermediary electron acceptor of photosystem II reaction center. These results strongly suggest that the site of primary charge separation in photosystem II is located on the heterodimer composed of D-1 and D-2 subunits.
The House of Representatives' inquiry into Australia's carrying capacity: a review of submissions (2017)

Australian governments have shown little concern with the future, so this inquiry stands out. But members of the public have taken more interest in the inquiry than government departments, unions, business groups, or the Australian Conservation Foundation. Most submissions argue for limiting growth: we need a national population policy integrated with policies for ecologically sustainable development. Copyright. Monash University and the author/s
Fast Noise Compensation for Speech Separation in Diffuse Noise (2006)

In this paper, a fast noise compensation (FNC) algorithm is proposed for the adaptive decorrelation filtering (ADF) speech separation system in the presence of diffuse noise. The adaptation of ADF is a dynamic process, making noise effects at ADF outputs time-varying in nature. Such changing noise effects need to be tracked and adaptively removed. Under the assumption that acoustic paths are slow in change and utilizing the filtering structure of the separation model, noise compensation terms were adapted with an FFT-based fast algorithm. Experiments were based on both simulated and real recorded diffuse noises. Strong diffuse noise distracts part of the attention of ADF to do noise cancellation while separating speech, and FNC works by forcing ADF to stay focused on speech separation task. The proposed algorithm significantly improved the separation performance of ADF system in diffuse noise.
Tunable multichannel optical filter based on silicon photonic band gap materials actuation (2002)

A Si-based tunable omnidirectional reflecting photonic band gap structure with a relatively large air gap defect is fabricated and measured. Using only one device, low-voltage tuning around two telecom wavelengths of 1.55 and 1.3 μm by electrostatic force is realized. Four widely spaced resonant modes within the photonic band gap are observed, which is in good agreement with numerical simulations. The whole process is at low temperature and can be compatible with current microelectronics process technology. There are several potential applications of this technology in wavelength division multiplexing devices.
A Field Study on Electrokinetic Removal of Salts from Greenhouse Soil (2014)

본 연구에서는 높은 농도의 염류가 집적된 시설재배지 토양의 제염을 위해 전기동력학적(EK) 기술을 적용한 파일럿 규모(<TEX>$2{\times}3{\times}0.2m^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$W{\times}L{\times}D$</TEX>)의 실증시험을 실시하였다. 실험 전 토양의 전기전도도(EC)는 약 9 dS/m였으며, 토양내 주요 염류는 <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX>, <TEX>$SO_4^{2-}$</TEX> 이온이었다. 2주간의 EK 처리 후 토양의 EC는 실험 전에 비해서 52% 감소하였으며, 이 중 대부분은 초기 1주일 이내에 제거되었다(47%). 이는 주로 <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX>와 <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX>의 제거에 의한 것으로 보이며, 주요 염류 이자 토양에 대해 높은 흡착능을 가지는 <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX>와 <TEX>$SO_4^{2-}$</TEX>이온은 상대적으로 제거율이 낮았다. EK 실험이 진행되는 동안 토양의 온도는 전류의 세기에 따라 증가하여 최대 <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX>까지 증가하였다. 따라서 작물이 재배 중인 토양의 원위치 EK 적용을 위해서는 토양의 온도 상승을 제한하기 위해 전류를 조절할 필요가 있다. 결론적으로 EK 기술을 이용하여 경작 중이거나 휴경 중인 시설재배지 토양의 원위치 염류 제거가 가능할 것으로 판단되며 효율적인 탈염을 위해서는 적절한 운전 전략이 요구된다. A pilot-scale electrokinetic (EK) separation field test (<TEX>$2{\times}3{\times}0.2m^3$</TEX>, <TEX>$W{\times}L{\times}D$</TEX>) was performed in a greenhouse to remove salts from saline soil. Initially, the greenhouse soil had high electrical conductivity (EC), about 9 dS/m, and contained mainly <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX>, <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX> and <TEX>$SO_4^{2-}$</TEX> ions. After 2 weeks of EK treatment, the soil EC was reduced to 52% compared with its initial value. The EC reduction was mostly achieved within the first week (47%) due to removal of <TEX>$Na^+$</TEX> and <TEX>$Cl^-$</TEX> ions, but ions with a high adsorption capacity such as <TEX>$Ca^{2+}$</TEX> and <TEX>$SO_4^{2-}$</TEX> ions were difficult to be removed. During the EK test, the soil temperature increased and it reached around <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX> at some regions. For in situ application to soils in cultivation, the current should be controlled to limit increases in temperature, especially near the cathodes. In conclusion, the in situ EK technique is feasible for the restoration of saline greenhouse soils in or no cultivation and an appropriate strategy is necessary for more effective remediation.