gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparison of 4 methods of data presentation for lysosomal enzyme activity in gingival crevicular fluid (1988)

In previous studies, we have emphasized the importance of considering the methods used for analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study evaluated 4 different approaches for data presentation of lysosomal enzyme activity in GCF. GCF was collected from patients displaying at least 2 mm of clinical attachment loss at a minimum of 3 sites in the mouth (DA), and patients who did not display clinical attachment loss of 2 mm or more at any site in the mouth (DI), during a 3-month interval following entry into a longitudinal trial. GCF was collected by the timed intrasulcular placement of precut filter paper strips. 16 to 28 individual GCF samples were collected from each patient. The lysosomal enzymes studied were B-glucuronidase (BG) and arylsulfatase. The mean values for the DA and DI groups at baseline and 3 months are reported. The results indicate that when the data is expressed as total enzyme activity (unit activity) per 30-s collection (UA) or UA x GCF volume (microliter) per mm of probing depth, the DA group demonstrated significantly greater mean values than the DI group at baseline and 3 months. In contrast, when the data was expressed as concentration (UA/microliter), or UA per mm of probing depth, differences between the DA and DI groups were observed only at the 3-month evaluation. The difficulty in using concentration when reporting GCF lysosomal enzyme activity is emphsized by comparison of the data from the DA group and the high and low enzyme activity subsets of the DI group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Planung von Korrosionsschutzarbeiten bei Neubauten (1970)

Abstract Wie alle Baumaßnahmen müssen auch Korrosionsschutzarbeiten sorgfältig in ein Gesamtbauvorhaben eingeplant werden. Dies kann nur geschehen, wenn der dafür verantwortliche Korrosionsschutzfachmann schon während der Planung einen Einblick in dasselbe mit allen Einzelobjekten gewinnt. Daraufhin legt er für jedes dieser Objekte den Korrosionsschutz wie Entrostung. Anstrich oder Metallisierung und die mit der Ausführung zusammenhängenden Einzelheiten fest. Die Auswahl des Korrosionsschutzsystems ist von den Beanspruchungen, denen das Objekt später ausgesetzt ist, abhängig. Der Auftraggeber soll in seinen Anfragen und Verträgen eine genaue Leistungsbeschreibung formulieren.
The Financial Flows of Transnational Crime and Tax Fraud in OECD Countries (2013)

This article has two goals. First, it presents a preliminary literature review of the empirical findings of the worldwide proceeds of transnational organized crime (TOC) and for some Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries as well as a breakdown of the different types of crime proceeds. Also the illegal cross-border flows of global dirty money (including tax fraud figures) are shown, which are by far the biggest share (66 percent) of all illegal transactions. Second, some remarks are made about the infiltration of the TOC into the “official” economic system, and the functioning of the Hawala (or informal) banking is described. There are four main conclusions. First, the revenues of transnational crime are extremely difficult to estimate. Second, fighting transnational crime is very difficult, as there are no efficient and powerful international organizations that can effectively do this job. Third, tax fraud and/or other illegal cross-border capital flows should be the prime target for governments to reduce them. Fourth, this article should be seen as a first start/attempt in order to shed some light on the gray area of the magnitude of proceeds of tax fraud and of transnational crime.
A 45nm CMOS near-field communication radio with 0.15A/m RX sensitivity and 4mA current consumption in card emulation mode (2013)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging technology that is penetrating the mobile phone market rapidly. Compliance to multiple NFC standards [1-3] requires designs to support wide dynamic range of field (0.15 to 12A/m), multiple data rates (1.65 to 848Kb/s), various modulation transition times (0.01 to 8usec), wide range of modulation indices (8 to 100%) and line coding techniques (Manchester, NRZ, Modified Miller and PPM). Also, support for small antenna size and very low power card emulation (tag) operation results in additional design constraints. The solution described here integrates all the NFC functions on a multi-IP connectivity SOC in 45nm CMOS.
Luminescence properties of Ce-activated YAG optical ceramic scintillator materials (1997)

Scintillation and luminescence characteristics of a highly dense transparent YAG: Ce-ceramic are reported and compared to those of a single crystal. When excited with gamma-rays both types of materials display the same dominant ≈85 ns decay, but the ceramic also shows a new rapid component of ≈20 ns that is completely absent in the single crystal. The scintillation output from the ceramic reaches about 50% of that from the single crystal, having been diminished by unusual loss processes caused by the deformed lattice at the grain boundary interfaces. A phenomenological model involving distortion of the band structure is proposed to explain the results of kinetic measurements.
Design and Structure-Guided Development of Novel Inhibitors of the Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A (XPA) Protein–DNA Interaction (2017)

XPA is a unique and essential protein required for the nucleotide excision DNA repair pathway and represents a therapeutic target in oncology. Herein, we are the first to develop novel inhibitors of the XPA-DNA interaction through structure-guided drug design efforts. Ester derivatives of the compounds 1 (X80), 22, and 24 displayed excellent inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.82 ± 0.18 μM and 1.3 ± 0.22 μM, respectively) but poor solubility. We have synthesized novel amide derivatives that retain potency and have much improved solubility. Furthermore, compound 1 analogs exhibited good specificity for XPA over RPA (replication protein A), another DNA-binding protein that participates in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. Importantly, there were no significant interactions observed by the X80 class of compounds directly with DNA. Molecular docking studies revealed a mechanistic model for the interaction, and these studies could serve as the basis for continued analysis of structure-activity relationships and drug development efforts of this novel target.
Pyrophosphate Complexation of Tin(II) in Aqueous Solutions as Applied in Electrolytes for the Deposition of Tin and Tin Alloys Such as White Bronze (2012)

Electrodeposition of tin and tin alloys from electrolytes containing tin(II) and pyrophosphates is an important process in metal finishing, but the nature of the tin pyrophosphate complexes present in these solutions in various pH regions has remained unknown. Through solubility and pH studies, IR and (31)P and (119)Sn NMR spectroscopic investigations of solutions obtained by dissolving Sn(2)P(2)O(7) in equimolar quantities of either Na(4)P(2)O(7)·10H(2)O or K(4)P(2)O(7) the formation of anionic 1:1 complexes {[Sn(P(2)O(7))]}(n)(2n-) has now been verified and the molecular structures of the monomer (n = 1) and the dimer (n = 2) have been calculated by density functional theory (DFT) methods. Whereas the alkali pyrophosphates Na/K(4)P(2)O(7) give strongly alkaline aqueous solutions (pH ∼13), because of partial protonation of the [P(2)O(7)](4-) anion, the [Sn(P(2)O(7))](2-) anion is not protonated and the solutions of Na/K(2)[Sn(P(2)O(7))] are almost neutral (pH ∼8). The monomeric dianion appears to have a ground state with C(2v) symmetry with the Sn atom in a square pyramidal coordination and the lone pair of electrons in the apical position, while the dimer approaches C(2) symmetry with the Sn atoms in a rhombic pyramidal coordination, also with a sterically active lone pair. A comparison of experimental and calculated IR details favors the monomer as the most abundant species in solution. With an excess of pyrophosphate, 3:2 and 2:1 complexes (P(2)O(7)):(Sn) are first formed, which, in the presence of more pyrophosphate, undergo rapid ligand exchange on the NMR time scale. The structure of the 2:1 complex [Sn(P(2)O(7))(2)](6-) was calculated to have a pyramidal complexation by two 1,5-chelating pyrophosphate ligands. Neutralization of these alkaline solutions by sulfuric or sulfonic acids (H(2)SO(4), MeSO(3)H), as also practiced in electroplating, appears to afford the tin(II) hydrogen pyrophosphates [Sn(P(2)O(7)H)](-) and [Sn(H(2)P(2)O(7))](0). The molecular structures of the mononuclear model units have also been calculated and were shown to have an unsymmetrical complexation and to feature trigonal pyramidal (pseudotetrahedral) coordination. NMR observations have shown that, contrary to the results obtained for Sn(II) compounds, Sn(IV) as present in K(2)SnO(3) or its hydrated form (K(2)Sn(OH)(6)) does not form a pyrophosphate complex in aqueous solution near pH 7. There is also no interference of sulfite.
Comprehensive Review in Current Developments of Imidazole-Based Medicinal Chemistry (2013)

Imidazole ring is an important five-membered aromatic heterocycle widely present in natural products and synthetic molecules. The unique structural feature of imidazole ring with desirable electron-rich characteristic is beneficial for imidazole derivatives to readily bind with a variety of enzymes and receptors in biological systems through diverse weak interactions, thereby exhibiting broad bioactivities. The related research and developments of imidazole-based medicinal chemistry have become a rapidly developing and increasingly active topic. Particularly, numerous imidazole-based compounds as clinical drugs have been extensively used in the clinic to treat various types of diseases with high therapeutic potency, which have shown the enormous development value. This work systematically gives a comprehensive review in current developments of imidazole-based compounds in the whole range of medicinal chemistry as anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, antineuropathic, antihypertensive, antihistaminic, antiparasitic, antiobesity, antiviral, and other medicinal agents, together with their potential applications in diagnostics and pathology. It is hoped that this review will be helpful for new thoughts in the quest for rational designs of more active and less toxic imidazole-based medicinal drugs, as well as more effective diagnostic agents and pathologic probes.
An imaging system with calibrated color image acquisition for use in dermatology (2000)

We propose a novel imaging system useful in dermatology, more precisely, for the follow-up of patients with an increased risk of skin cancer. The system consists of a Pentium PC equipped with an RGB frame grabber, a three-chip charge coupled devices (CCD) camera controlled by the serial port and equipped with a zoom lens and a halogen annular light source. Calibration of the imaging system provides a way to transform the acquired images, which are defined in an unknown color space, to a standard, well-defined color space called sRGB. sRGB has a known relation to the CIE1 XYZ and CIE L*a*b* colorimetric spaces. These CIE color spaces are based on the human vision, and they allow the computation of a color difference metric called CIE deltaE*ab, which is proportional to the color difference, as seen by a human observer. Several types of polynomial RGB to sRGB transforms will be tried, including some optimized in perceptually uniform color spaces. The use of a standard and well-defined color space also allows meaningful exchange of images, e.g., in teledermatology. The calibration procedure is based on 24 patches with known color properties, and it takes about 5 minutes to perform. It results in a number of settings called a profile that remains valid for tens of hours of operation. Such a profile is checked before acquiring images using just one color patch, and is adjusted on the fly to compensate for short-term drift in the response of the imaging system. Precision or reproducibility of subsequent color measurements is very good with (deltaE*ab) = 0.3 and deltaE*ab < 1.2. Accuracy compared with spectrophotometric measurements is fair with (deltaE*ab) = 6.2 and deltaE*ab < 13.3.
Biomimicry: Innovation Inspired by Nature (1997)

Biomimicry is the quest for innovation inspired by nature. Biomimics are scientists and inventors who study nature's greatest achievements - spider silk and tallgrass, seashells and brain cells, photosynthesis and forests - and adapt them for human use. Their findings are revolutionizing how we invent, compute, heal ourselves, harness energy, repair the environment, conduct business, and feed the world. In Biomimicry, science writer Janine M. Benyus names and explains this phenomenon that has been unfolding in all the science disciplines. She takes us into the lab and out into the field with the maverick thinkers who are stirring vats of proteins to unleash their signaling power in computers...analyzing how spiders manufacture a waterproof fiber five times stronger than steel...watching electrons zip and pop in a leaf cell, converting simple sunlight into fuel in trillionths of a second...discovering miracle drugs by noting what chimps eat when they're sick...studying the hardy prairie as a low-maintenance model for agriculture...and much more.
Apparatus for heat capacity measurements of amorphous metals (1985)

Apparatus has been developed which enables absolute measurements of the heat capacity of samples of amorphous metals with a mass of 0.5 to 1 g to be made between liquid helium and liquid nitrogen temperatures. Between 1.5 and 10K the traditional pulse heating technique is used, whilst above 10K a variation of the adiabatic continuous warming technique yields more accurate results. Data collection and control of the equipment is performed by a microcomputer. Results obtained with a 3 g sample of high purity copper agree with accepted values to within +or-1% over the entire temperature range. The apparatus and technique could be useful whenever only small samples are available.
Extraction of domain knowledge from databases based on rough set theory (2002)

Automated knowledge acquisition is an important research area to solve the bottleneck problem in developing expert systems. For this purpose, there have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as induction of decision trees, AQ method, and neural networks. However, most of the approaches focus on inducing rules which classify cases correctly. On the contrary, medical experts also learn other information which is important for medical diagnostic procedures from databases. In this paper, a rule-induction system, called PRIMEROSES (Probabilistic Rule Induction Method based on Rough Sets version 3.0), is introduced. This program first analyzes the statistical characteristics of attribute-value pairs from training samples, then determines what kind of diagnosing model can be applied to these training samples. Finally it extracts domain knowledge needed for other diagnostic procedures, based on a selected diagnosing model. PRIMEROSES is evaluated on clinical databases on headache, and the induced results are compared with domain knowledge acquired from medical experts. The experimental results show that our proposed method correctly not only selects a diagnosing model, but also extracts domain knowledge.
A statistical profile of the Named Entity task (1997)

In this paper we present a statistical profile of the Named Entity task, a specific information extraction task for which corpora in several languages are available. Using the results of the statistical analysis, we propose an algorithm for lower bound estimation for Named Entity corpora and discuss the significance of the cross-lingual comparisons provided by the analysis.
TiO2 Applications as a Function of Controlled Surface Treatment (2018)

For the end use, the structure and morphology of the coated film are very important since they determine the final properties of the resultant material. The effect of coatings largely depends on their composition and method of application, which may give porous or dense coatings. To achieve uniform coatings on dispersed TiO2 particles, various compounds were deposited one after another under specific conditions by the wet chemical deposition method starting from rutile TiO2, produced by the sulfate method in Cinkarna Celje. With the synthesis of composite particles consisting of a core TiO2 particle coated with a functional shell with dimensions in the nano scale, we prepared advanced materials, where the shell protects the particles from undesirable interactions with the environment and improves surface reactive properties of the dispersed particles to meet special requirements. The morphology of surface-treated TiO2 particles has been identified directly using electron microscopy, while the degree of functionalization by various hydroxides was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). In addition, zeta potential (ZP) measurements have been utilized to determine the electrochemical properties of resultant particles. The precipitation of hydroxides on the TiO2 surface resulted in the shift of the isoelectric point (IEP). UV-Vis spectroscopy has been used for determining light scattering efficiency. In addition to internal characterization, light fastness of durable grade intended for the application in laminates has been tested by the end user.
The usability engineering laboratories at Sun Microsystems (1994)

Abstract In designing and constructing the laboratories for Sun Microsystems, the company's need for highly efficient and proficient evaluations was a significant factor in driving the design decisions. The laboratories needed to facilitate data gathering and analysis, in addition to providing an appealing forum for the product teams to watch the evaluations live. This paper describes the goals for designing the usability laboratories, the video equipment used, the construction requirements, and tools used ( such as event-logging software). Many of these design considerations are applicable to any usability laboratory.
Acceleration Effects on Electron Tubes (1953)

This paper discusses methods of measuring shock and vibratory accelerations to which electron tubes may be subjected in various equipments, and the influence of these disturbances on the performance of the tubes. An outline is given of the design problems connected with the elimination of tube damage or faulty operation of tubes under adverse shock or vibration conditions, and of the methods used for simulating these conditions by means of production test machines and test methods.
Reasoning about joint administration of access policies for coalition resources (2003)

We argue that joint administration of access policies for a dynamic coalition formed by autonomous domains requires that these domains set up a coalition authority that distributes attribute certificates authorizing access to policy objects (e.g., ACLs). Control over the issuance of such certificates is retained by member domains separately holding shares of the joint coalition authority's private key with which they sign the attribute certificates. Hence, any (proper) subset of the member domains need not be trusted to protect the private key. However, application servers that implement joint administration of access policies based on attribute certificates must trust all the signers of those certificates, namely all member domains of the coalition. To capture these trust relations we extend existing access control logics and show that the extensions are sound. To reason about joint administration of access policies, we illustrate an authorization protocol in our logic for accessing policy objects using threshold attribute certificates.
Martefragin A, a Novel Indole Alkaloid Isolated from Red Alga, Inhibits Lipid Peroxidation. (1998)

Martefragin A (1), a novel indole alkaloid, was isolated from a red alga, Martensia fragilis, by repeated column chromatography. The structure of 1 was elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis of its methyl ester (2), including 1H- and 13C-NMR, 1H-1H correlation spectroscopy (COSY), and 13C-1H COSY. A single crystal X-ray analysis of the hydrochloride of 1 confirmed the assignment. Martefragin A (1) showed inhibitory activity on NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in rat liver microsomes. The IC50 values of 1, alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid were 2.8, 87 and 200 microM, respectively.
Use of the microwave-induced nitrogen discharge at atmospheric pressure as an ion source for elemental mass spectrometry (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of the microwave-induced nitrogen discharge at atmospheric pressure as an ion source for elemental mass spectrometryDaniel A. Wilson, George H. Vickers, and Gary M. HieftjeCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 13, 1664–1670Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00140a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00140a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views82Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Farnesyltransferase inhibitors reverse altered growth and distribution of actin filaments in<i>Tsc</i>-deficient cells via inhibition of both rapamycin-sensitive and -insensitive pathways (2005)

Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) have been developed as anticancer drugs and are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this study, we have examined the effects of FTIs on Tsc-null cells to gain insight into their effects on farnesylated Rheb GTPase. This protein is involved in the activation of mTOR/S6K signaling and is down-regulated by the Tsc1/Tsc2 complex. Both Tsc1(-/-) and Tsc2(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts exhibit constitutive activation of S6K and grow in the absence of serum. Two different FTI compounds, the clinical compound BMS-214662 and the newly described BMS-225975, inhibit the constitutive activation of mTOR/S6K signaling and block serum-free growth of the Tsc-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts. We have also found that Tsc-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts grow under anchorage-independent conditions and that both FTI compounds inhibit this soft agar growth. These FTI effects are similar to those observed with rapamycin. Another interesting phenotype of Tsc-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts is that they are round and contain actin filaments predominantly at the cell periphery. The addition of FTIs, but not rapamycin, led to the reappearance of intracellular actin filaments and reduction of peripheral actin filaments. The ability of FTI to rearrange actin filaments seems to be largely mediated by the inhibition of Rheb protein, as induction of intracellular actin filaments by FTI was much less efficient in Tsc2-null cells expressing Rheb (M184L), a geranylgeranylated mutant Rheb that can bypass farnesylation. These results reveal that FTIs inhibit Rheb, causing two different effects in Tsc-deficient cells, one on growth and the other on actin filament distribution.