gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CORROSION—How Zinc Fights Corrosion (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCORROSION—How Zinc Fights CorrosionErnest W. HorvickCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1961, 53, 2, 58A–60APublication Date (Print):February 1, 1961Publication History Published online6 October 2008Published inissue 1 February 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50614a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50614a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A multi-phase multi-frequency clock generator using superharmonic injection locked multipath ring oscillators as frequency dividers (2012)

A phase-locked loop providing multiphase clocks at 12-GHz and its subdivisions is presented. A quadrature VCO with low supply sensitivity is used. Frequency division is achieved using superharmonic injection-locked multipath ring oscillators to extend the maximum division frequency of latch-based dividers without using peaking inductors. A low mismatch charge pump reduces the reference spur level to a worst case of -74 dBc. The phase locked loop is fabricated in 65-nm CMOS. It operates in a frequency band between 7.92-12.14 GHz. The measured phase noise, random jitter, and power consumption at 12.08 GHz output frequency are -127.5 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset, 251 fs-rms, and 46.6 mW, respectively.
Quality, Reliability and Infocom Technology: Trends and Future Directions (2012)

Producing and maintaining the high quality of products and processes are at the core of engineering and only a comprehensive quality improvement and assessment program that have successful outcome can assure it. Reliability of computer systems has become a major concern for our society. Software reliability is the key factor in software quality since it qualities software failures the most unwanted event which makes software useless or even harmful to the whole system. Achieving highly reliable software in the customer s perspective is a demanding job to all software engineers and reliability engineers. Papers in this book are classified into four main areas: RELIABILITY, QUALITY, OPTIMIZATION AND INFOCOM TECHNOLOGY. This book will benefit wider audiences amongst the scientific and research community in academia and industry.
Phosphorus Nitrogen Chemistry. III. The Preparation and Properties of Phosphorus Tri-N-methylimide<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorus Nitrogen Chemistry. III. The Preparation and Properties of Phosphorus Tri-N-methylimide1,2Robert R. HolmesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 6, 1334–1336Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01467a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01467a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views144Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AZAFULVENES 1. A NOVEL GENERATIVE METHOD OF 6-AMINO-1-AZAFULVENE AND ITS CYCLOADDITION REACTION WITH ISOCYANATE AND ISOTHIOCYANATE (1975)

Abstract Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde reacted with sec. amines affording dipyrrolo[1,2-a:1′,2′-d]pyrazines which corresponded to the dimers of 6-amino-1-azafulvenes. Pyrolytic decomposition of the pyrazine derivatives in the presence of dienophiles such as phenyl isocyanate, phenylisothiocyanate and benzoyl isocyanate gave pyrrolo[1,2-c]imidazoles. These results can be interpreted by the initial formation of 6-amino-1-azafulvenes on pyrolysis following the [6+2]cycloaddition reactions with dienophiles.
Dynamic reencryption of return addresses (2018)

The authors present dynamic reencryption of return addresses to mitigate their leakage. The authors’ method enforces programs to save return addresses as encrypted and renew the encryption states with fresh keys before or after vulnerable operations. When a function returns, it should restore the return address from its encryption using the most recent key not to cause a crash. Under the protection of their method, return addresses and keys may leak, but the disclosed bits become garbage because keys govern all return addresses through encryption, while changing before control‐flow proceeds into a vulnerable region. As a result, it becomes probabilistically infeasible to build exploits for intercepting control‐flow by using leaked return addresses or keys. They implemented the proposed method as an extension of the LLVM compiler that inserts reencryption code where necessary. They also have confirmed its effectiveness against information leak attacks carried out in the early stage of blind return‐oriented programming (BROP). The performance overhead ranges below 11.6% for processor‐intensive programs and 4.12% or less for web servers.
Time-averaged shadow-moiré method for studying vibrations (1977)

A time-averaged shadow-moiré method is presented which permits the determination of the amplitude distribution of the deflection of a plate in steady state vibration. No stroboscope is required, and the recording is done statically. The method is less sensitive than holographic methods and is therefore suitable for studying relatively large amplitudes.
Autonomous Detection of Aerosolized Biological Agents by Multiplexed Immunoassay with Polymerase Chain Reaction Confirmation (2004)

The autonomous pathogen detection system (APDS) is an automated, podium-sized instrument that continuously monitors the air for biological threat agents (bacteria, viruses, and toxins). The system has been developed to warn of a biological attack in critical or high-traffic facilities and at special events. The APDS performs continuous aerosol collection, sample preparation, and detection using multiplexed immunoassay followed by confirmatory PCR using real-time TaqMan assays. We have integrated completely reusable flow-through devices that perform DNA extraction and PCR amplification. The fully integrated system was challenged with aerosolized Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Bacillus globigii, and botulinum toxoid. By coupling highly selective antibody- and DNA-based assays, the probability of an APDS reporting a false positive is extremely low.
SCIENCE CHINA Mathematics (2011)

In this paper, we construct the projective resolution of arbitrary symmetric 2-group, define the derived 2-functors in (2-SGp) and give some related properties of the derived 2-functors.
Non-Invasive Measurement of Skin Microvascular Response during Pharmacological and Physiological Provocations (2015)

LSCI is more sensitive than TiVi for measuring microvascular changes during SNP-induced vasodilatation and forearm occlusion. TiVi is more sensitive to noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction. LSCI and TiVi show lower inter-subject variability than LDF. These findings are important to consider when choosing measurement techniques for studying skin microvascular responses.
A cordless access system using radio-over-fibre techniques (2002)

A cordless access communication system is described. It uses subcarrier multiplexing to provide a radio-over-fibre feed to a radio distribution point. The key design aspects of the optical and radio system are discussed, and it is shown that this technology can provide a high-quality communications link with a dynamic range of over 50 dB. Such a system has been developed using second-generation cordless telephone technology and, by including an RF switch, handover from one distribution point to another has been demonstrated. By using radio-over-fibre, the hardware required at the distribution point is considerably reduced, and it thereby becomes feasible to mount it in a small unit positioned on a pole. The radio-over-fibre solution also allows the synchronization of the cordless systems to be centralized and provides the basis for making better use of the cordless fixed parts by effective use of trunking and concentration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Attitude Estimation for Motion Stabilization in Sonar Systems (2013)

Denne oppgaven tar for seg orientering- og bevegelses-kompensering for sonarformål ved bruk av MEMs-akselerometer og -gyroskop. En orienteringsalgoritme baserert på et komplimentærfilter er implementert på en Raspberry Pi enkeltkortsdatamasking. Systemets ytelse har blitt testet under kontrollerte forhold og i et typisk feltoppsett.
Telomere homolog oligonucleotides induce apoptosis in malignant but not in normal lymphoid cells: Mechanism and therapeutic potential (2008)

Human B- or T-cell lymphoma lines and primary murine lymphomas were treated with DNA oligonucleotides homologous to the telomere (TTAGGG repeat; "T-oligo"), either alone or in combination with standard, widely-used anticancer chemotherapeutic agents. T-oligo induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cultured human or murine B or T-lymphoma cell lines and primary tumor cells, but exerts no detectable toxicity on normal human or murine primary lymphocytes. Exposure to T-oligo is hypothesized to mimic exposure of the 3' telomere repeat sequence, activating the ataxia telangiectasia mutated kinase, which phosphorylates downstream effectors such as p53, but effects are not dependent solely on functional p53. T-oligo causes early S-phase arrest and cooperates well with G(2)- or M-phase-specific anticancer agents; when combined at 1/10th of the conventional dose, vincristine and T-oligo produce greater-than-additive killing of human or murine lymphoma cells (78% of cells undergoing apoptosis after 6 hr vs. 5% of control cells). In mice, 1/10th of the conventional dose of a standard combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisone is twice as effective when used in combination with low dose T-oligo. Thus, T-oligo sensitizes tumors to traditional anticancer agents and represents a potentially important new addition to the therapeutic arsenal for aggressive lymphomas.
Performance enhancement of 802.11 wireless LAN for asymmetric traffic using an adaptive MAC layer protocol (2003)

We study the MAC performance of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN) under the condition that the traffic load at the access point is much heavier than that at the stations. We found that the throughput in this scenario keeps dropping with the increase of the traffic load, which is very different from the other studies that all the stations have the same traffic load. We propose an adaptive algorithm at the access point to adapt the MAC layer settings to the traffic load. The simulation shows that this algorithm improve the throughput significantly.
Activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase in failing and nonfailing human hearts (1999)

Increased CaM kinase activity in hearts from patients with dilated cardiomyopathy could play a role in the abnormal Ca2+ handling of the SR and heart muscle cell.
IS6770, An Enterococcal Insertion-Like Sequence Useful For Determining The Clonal Relationship Of Clinical Enterococcal Isolates (1994)

Enterococci expressing resistance to antimicrobial agents are increasingly important nosocomial pathogens. Effective strategies to prevent or abort outbreaks of resistant enterococcal infection will rely on an accurate understanding of the mechanisms by which these organisms spread. A 1065-bp insertion-like sequence (IS6770) is present in varying copy numbers in > 90% of enterococcal strains thus far examined. Hybridization patterns resulting from hybridization of enterococcal genomic DNA with an internal IS6770 probe vary considerably between unrelated strains and correlate well with results of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and field-inversion gel electrophoresis in identifying clonal relationships among enterococcal isolates. IS6770 analysis of several outbreaks of resistant enterococci has confirmed the spread of single resistant clones rather than the emergence of resistance within the resident flora. These results suggest that IS6770 hybridization will be a useful tool for tracing the epidemiology of nosocomial enterococcal infections.
Exploiting spatial and temporal flexibility for plan execution of hybrid, under-actuated systems (2006)

Robotic devices, such as rovers and autonomous spacecraft, have been successfully controlled by plan execution systems that use plans with temporal flexibility to dynamically adapt to temporal disturbances. To date these away the detailed dynamic constraints of the controlled device. To control dynamic, under-actuated devices, such as agile bipedal walking machines, we extend this execution paradigm to incorporate detailed dynamic constraints. Building upon prior work on dispatchable plan execution, we introduce a novel approach to flexible plan execution of hybrid under-actuated systems that achieves robustness by exploiting spatial as well as temporal plan flexibility. To accomplish this, we first transform the high-dimensional system into a set of low dimensional, weakly coupled systems. Second, to coordinate these systems such that they achieve the plan in real-time, we compile a plan into a concurrent timed flow tube description. This description represents all feasible control trajectories and their temporal coordination constraints, such that each trajectory satisfies all plan and dynamic constraints. Finally, the problem of runtime plan dispatching is reduced to maintaining state trajectories in their associated flow tubes, while satisfying the coordination constraints. This is accomplished through an efficient local search algorithm that adjusts a small number of control parameters in real-time. The first step has been published previously; this paper focuses on the last two steps. The approach is validated on the execution of a set of bipedal walking plans, using a high fidelity simulation of a biped.
Simultaneous underwater visibility assessment, enhancement and improved stereo (2014)

Vision-based underwater navigation and obstacle avoidance demands robust computer vision algorithms, particularly for operation in turbid water with reduced visibility. This paper describes a novel method for the simultaneous underwater image quality assessment, visibility enhancement and disparity computation to increase stereo range resolution under dynamic, natural lighting and turbid conditions. The technique estimates the visibility properties from a sparse 3D map of the original degraded image using a physical underwater light attenuation model. Firstly, an iterated distance-adaptive image contrast enhancement enables a dense disparity computation and visibility estimation. Secondly, using a light attenuation model for ocean water, a color corrected stereo underwater image is obtained along with a visibility distance estimate. Experimental results in shallow, naturally lit, high-turbidity coastal environments show the proposed technique improves range estimation over the original images as well as image quality and color for habitat classification. Furthermore, the recursiveness and robustness of the technique allows implementation onboard an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle for improving navigation and obstacle avoidance performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Yb Complexes with Amino‐Acid‐Armed Ligands for Direct Asymmetric Tandem Aldol Reduction Reactions. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Voltammetry in static and flowing solutions with a large‐amplitude sine wave potential (1992)

Abstract Voltammetric detection is a potentially powerful method of detection for high performance liquid chromatography and flow injection analysis. A problem that needs a solution is its inferior detection limit compared to that obtained with amperometric detection. The shape of the potential waveform has been investigated in the search for methods of improving the detection limit of voltammetric detection. As a result, large amplitude sine wave potential perturbations have been found to give improved signal‐to‐noise ratios when compared to the values found for a corresponding triangle waveform (by a factor of from 1.1 to 5). This is principally due to the fact that the background current from a large amplitude triangle perturbation is spread over a wider frequency region. Signal processing techniques such as digital filtering have also been investigated. Digital bandpass filtering can be used to improve the signal to noise ratio by a factor of 2–13. Qualitative information (e.g., half‐wave potential) is obtained through observing the phase angle at harmonics of the fundamental frequency.
Maximum Entropy Markov Models for Information Extraction and Segmentation (2000)

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are a powerful probabilistic tool for modeling sequential data, and have been applied with success to many text-related tasks, such as part-of-speech tagging, text segmentation and information extraction. In these cases, the observations are usually modeled as multinomial distributions over a discrete vocabulary, and the HMM parameters are set to maximize the likelihood of the observations. This paper presents a new Markovian sequence model, closely related to HMMs, that allows observations to be represented as arbitrary overlapping features (such as word, capitalization, formatting, part-of-speech), and defines the conditional probability of state sequences given observation sequences. It does this by using the maximum entropy framework to fit a set of exponential models that represent the probability of a state given an observation and the previous state. We present positive experimental results on the segmentation of FAQ&apos;s. 1. Introdu...
A novel pancreatic endocrine tumor suppressor gene locus on chromosome 3p with clinical prognostic implications. (1997)

The molecular pathogenesis of pancreatic endocrine tumors is largely unknown. Such tumors are more likely to develop in individuals with the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome. We sought to determine whether allelic loss of the recently identified VHL tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 3p25-26 occurs in the more common sporadic forms of these tumors. Allelic loss on chromosome 3p was identified in 33% of 43 patients with endocrine tumors of the pancreas. The smallest common region of allelic loss, however, centered not at the VHL locus, but rather at 3p25, centromeric to VHL. Furthermore, no mutations of the VHL gene were identified in these tumors. Loss of alleles on chromosome 3p was associated with clinically malignant disease, whereas tumors with retained 3p alleles were more likely to be benign. Thus, the VHL gene does not appear to play a pathogenic role in the development of sporadic pancreatic endocrine tumors. Instead, a locus at chromosome 3p25 may harbor a novel pancreatic endocrine tumor suppressor gene, and allelic loss of this chromosomal region may serve as a molecular marker that helps distinguish benign from clinically malignant disease.
Alteration of the 4-sphingenine scaffolds of ceramides in keratinocyte-specific Arnt-deficient mice affects skin barrier function (2003)

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT), a transcription factor of the Per/AHR/ ARNT/Sim family, regulates gene expression in response to environmental stimuli including xenobiotics and hypoxia. To examine its role in the epidermis, the Cre-loxP system was used to disrupt the Arnt gene in a keratinocyte-specific manner. Gene-targeted, newborn mice with almost normal appearance died neonatally of severe dehydration caused by water loss. Histology showed small changes in the architecture of cornified layers, with apparently preserved intercorneocyte lamellar structures responsible for the skin barrier function. In contrast, HPLC/ion-trap mass spectrometry revealed significant alterations in the compositions of ceramides, the major components of the lamellae. The murine epidermal ceramides normally contain 4-sphingenine and 4-hydroxysphinganine. In Arnt-null epidermis, 4-sphingenine was largely replaced by sphinganine and the amounts of ceramides with 4-hydroxysphinganine were greatly decreased, suggesting deficiency of dihydroceramide desaturases that catalyze the formation of both 4-sphingenyl and 4-hydroxysphinganyl moieties. A desaturase isoenzyme, DES-1, prefers desaturation, but DES-2 catalyzes both reactions to a similar extent. Transcript levels of Des-2, but not Des-1, were considerably decreased in cultured keratinocytes from Arntnull epidermis. These results indicate that proper ceramide compositions through 4-desaturation regulated by ARNT are crucial for maintaining the epidermal barrier function.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (−)-Spirofungin A and (+)-Spirofungin B (2005)

[chemical reaction: see text]. The stereocontrolled total synthesis of (-)-spirofungin A (1) and (+)-spirofungin B (2a), polyketide-type antibiotics having various antifungal activities, has been achieved employing the Weinreb amide 8, the alkyne 9, and the vinyl boronate 5 readily available from the common intermediate 10. The first synthesis proceeded with a longest linear sequence of 31 steps, affording (-)-1 and (+)-2a in 7.9% and 5.2% overall yields, respectively.