gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Distance, Unconditional Teleportation of Atomic States via Complete Bell State Measurements (2001)

We propose a scheme for creating and storing quantum entanglement over long distances. Optical cavities that store this long-distance entanglement in atoms could then function as nodes of a quantum network, in which quantum information is teleported from cavity to cavity. The teleportation is conducted unconditionally via measurements of all four Bell states, using a novel method of sequential elimination.
Design of trip current monitoring system for circuit breaker condition assessment (2007)

A distributed system, which supports circuit breaker maintenance and asset management, is described. It uses a client/server architecture for propagating expert knowledge from switchgear maintenance experts directly to maintenance operatives for on-site circuit breaker condition assessment and diagnosis. Prior research in the field of distribution level circuit breaker condition monitoring has shown the trip coil of a circuit breaker yields a current profile that, when tripped, can subsequently be interpreted as an indicator of plant health. Exploiting existing circuit breaker test equipment, a centralised archive of asset condition is built from routine tests permitting experts to examine trends in the data and pass their definition of the operating conditions to personnel in the field. This provides diagnostic support to engineers in the field. The system is currently in use as the subject of a pilot study conducted by SP PowerSystems intended to improve its ongoing maintenance and asset management activities.
Mission planning and target tracking for autonomous instrument placement (2005)

Future planetary rover missions, such as the upcoming Mars Science Laboratory, will require rovers to autonomously navigate to science targets specified from up to 10 meters away, and to place instruments against these targets with up to 1 centimeter precision. The current state of the art, demonstrated by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) mission, typically requires three sols (Martian days) for approach and placement, with several communication cycles between the rovers and ground operations. The capability for goal level commanding of a rover to visit multiple science targets in a single sol represents a tenfold increase in productivity, and decreases daily operations costs. Such a capability requires a high degree of robotic autonomy: visual target tracking and navigation for the rover to approach the targets, mission planning for determining the most beneficial course of action given a large set of desired goals in the face of uncertainty, and robust execution for coping with variations in time and power consumption, as well as the possibility of failures in tracking or navigation due to occlusion or unexpected obstacles. We have developed a system that provides these features. The system uses a vision-based target tracker that recovers the 6-DOF transformations between the rover and the tracked targets as the rover moves, and an off-board planner that creates plans that are carried out on an on-board robust executive. The tracker comprises a feature based approach that tracks a set of interest points in 3D using stereo, with a shape based approach that registers dense 3D meshes. The off-board planner, in addition to generating a primary activity sequence, creates a large set of contingent, or alternate plans to deal with anticipated failures in tracking and the uncertainty in resource consumption. This paper describes our tracking and planning systems, including the results of experiments carried out using the K9 rover. These systems are part of a larger effort, which includes tools for target specification in 3D, ground-based simulation and plan verification, round-trip data tracking, rover software and hardware, and scientific visualization. The complete system has been shown to provide the capability of multiple instrument placements on rocks within a 10 meter radius, all within a single command cycle.
Indolequinone Antitumor Agents:  Reductive Activation and Elimination from (5-Methoxy-1-methyl-4,7-dioxoindol-3-yl)methyl Derivatives and Hypoxia-Selective Cytotoxicity in Vitro (1998)

A series of indolequinones bearing a variety of leaving groups at the (indol-3-yl)methyl position was synthesized by functionalization of the corresponding 3-(hydroxymethyl)indolequinone, and the resulting compounds were evaluated in vitro as bioreductively activated cytotoxins. The elimination of a range of functional groups-carboxylate, phenol, and thiol-was demonstrated upon reductive activation under both chemical and quantitative radiolytic conditions. Only those compounds which eliminated such groups under both sets of conditions exhibited significant hypoxia selectivity, with anoxic:oxic toxicity ratios in the range 10-200. With the exception of the 3-hydroxymethyl derivative, radiolytic generation of semiquinone radicals and HPLC analysis indicated that efficient elimination of the leaving group occurred following one-electron reduction of the parent compound. The active species in leaving group elimination was predominantly the hydroquinone rather than the semiquinone radical. The resulting iminium derivative acted as an alkylating agent and was efficiently trapped by added thiol following chemical reduction and by either water or 2-propanol following radiolytic reduction. A chain reaction in the radical-initiated reduction of these indolequinones (not seen in a simpler benzoquinone) in the presence of a hydrogen donor (2-propanol) was observed. Compounds that were unsubstituted at C-2 were found to be up to 300 times more potent as cytotoxins than their 2-alkyl-substituted analogues in V79-379A cells, but with lower hypoxic cytotoxicity ratios.
Magnetization transfer of hepatic lesions: evaluation of a novel contrast technique in the abdomen. (1992)

The authors evaluated the technique of magnetization transfer to determine if it could enable distinction of benign from malignant liver lesions. Thirteen patients with 27 hemangiomas or cysts and 13 patients with 31 malignant liver lesions underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Hepatic malignancies demonstrated magnetization transfer similar to that of the liver. However, hemangiomas and cysts showed significantly less magnetization transfer than malignant liver lesions. Gradient-recalled-echo imaging with the off-resonance saturation pulse showed increased lesion contrast compared with the liver for hemangiomas and cysts but not for malignancies. On the basis of signal intensity measurements alone (ie, ignoring morphologic criteria), the magnetization transfer studies showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.96 for distinguishing benign from malignant liver lesions. Though the separation of these two groups was imperfect, it was comparable with that achieved with qualitative analysis of signal intensity ratios at spin-echo imaging.
Reciprocal Accommodation: A Model for Reducing Gender Bias in Managerial Communication (1991)

Because the intricacy of language suggests that it both creates and reflects women'sroles in society, reciprocal accommodation may be the best way for women to achieveinfluential positions in management. Reciprocal accommodation is a collaborativeprocess whereby women practice empowering communication strategies while those already in positions of authority actively acknowledge women's right to those strategiesand the power they represent.
La réponse à l'accident de Fukushima Daiichi: Le rôle de la Conventionsur la sûreté nucléaire dans le renforcement du cadre juridiquede la sûreté nucléaire (2013)

L’accident survenu le 11 mars 2011 à la centrale nucléaire de Fukushima Daiichi exploitée par Tokyo Electric Power Company (ci-après « l’accident de Fukushima Daiichi ») a fait passer la sûreté nucléaire au premier rang des préoccupations internationales.
슈도모나스와 글루코사민 처리에 의한 수경 재배 오이의 생육 후기 노화 억제 (2003)

본 실험은 수경 재배 오이의 조기 노화와 생장 억제를 완화시키는 데 근권 생장 촉진 토양 미생물과 글루코사민의 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 식물 생장 촉진 근권 미생물인 슈도모나스 D2를 토양으로부터 분리하였으며, 뿌리 생장 활성을 위한 글루코사민의 특성을 실험실 조건에서 조절하였다. 오이 묘는 펄라이트를 충진한 기능성 바이오베드에 정식하였으며, 심한 노화 현상을 보이기 시작한 정식 후 90일째에 슈도모나스 D2(5×10^(6)cfu/400g)와 7.5ppm 올리고당화 글루코사민 용액을 배지 내에 처리하였다. 처리구는 올리고당화 글루코사민을 처리하지 않고 노화된 하엽만을 모두 제거한 처리구(1), 슈도모나스 D2와 올리고당화 글루코사민의 처리와 함께 노화된 하엽을 제거하지 않은 처리구(2), 슈도모나스 D2와 올리고당화 글루코사민의 처리와 동시에 노화된 하엽을 모두 제거한 처리구(3)으로 구분하였으며, 실험 기간 동안 PBG 배양액을 급액하였다. 슈도모나스 D2와 올리고당화 글루코사민의 처리 후 5일째에 노화 오이는 재생장을 시작하였으며, 엽면적, 절간장, 경경, 뿌리 활성 및 과실 등의 생장 특성을 뚜렷하게 개선하였다. 처리시 노화된 잎의 제거는 재생장 속도를 촉진하였으며, 슈도모나스 D2와 올리고당화 글루코사민을 처리한 식물체에서는 뿌리 생장과 활성이 강화되었으며 정상 과일의 수확이 가능하였다.
Carbonic Anhydrase IX Promotes Tumor Growth and Necrosis <i>In Vivo</i> and Inhibition Enhances Anti-VEGF Therapy (2012)

This work provides evidence that inhibition of the hypoxic adaptation to antiangiogenic therapy enhances bevacizumab treatment and highlights the value of developing small molecules or antibodies which inhibit CAIX for combination therapy.
Ontogenesis of muscle and adipose tissues and their interactions in ruminants and other species (2010)

The lean-to-fat ratio, that is, the relative masses of muscle and adipose tissue, is a criterion for the yield and quality of bovine carcasses and meat. This review describes the interactions between muscle and adipose tissue (AT) that may regulate the dynamic balance between the number and size of muscle v. adipose cells. Muscle and adipose tissue in cattle grow by an increase in the number of cells (hyperplasia), mainly during foetal life. The total number of muscle fibres is set by the end of the second trimester of gestation. By contrast, the number of adipocytes is never set. Number of adipocytes increases mainly before birth until 1 year of age, depending on the anatomical location of the adipose tissue. Hyperplasia concerns brown pre-adipocytes during foetal life and white pre-adipocytes from a few weeks after birth. A decrease in the number of secondary myofibres and an increase in adiposity in lambs born from mothers severely underfed during early pregnancy suggest a balance in the commitment of a common progenitor into the myogenic or adipogenic lineages, or a reciprocal regulation of the commitment of two distinct progenitors. The developmental origin of white adipocytes is a subject of debate. Molecular and histological data suggested a possible transdifferentiation of brown into white adipocytes, but this hypothesis has now been challenged by the characterization of distinct precursor cells for brown and white adipocytes in mice. Increased nutrient storage in fully differentiated muscle fibres and adipocytes, resulting in cell enlargement (hypertrophy), is thought to be the main mechanism, whereby muscle and fat masses increase in growing cattle. Competition or prioritization between adipose and muscle cells for the uptake and metabolism of nutrients is suggested, besides the successive waves of growth of muscle v. adipose tissue, by the inhibited or delayed adipose tissue growth in bovine genotypes exhibiting strong muscular development. This competition or prioritization occurs through cellular signalling pathways and the secretion of proteins by adipose tissue (adipokines) and muscle (myokines), putatively regulating their hypertrophy in a reciprocal manner. Further work on the mechanisms underlying cross-talk between brown or white adipocytes and muscle fibres will help to achieve better understanding as a prerequisite to improving the control of body growth and composition in cattle.
Distinct types of lung disease caused by functional subsets of antiviral T cells. (1994)

T cells appear to play a central role in viral bronchiolitis, but the effects of different functional and phenotypic subgroups of T cells have not been defined. To test the activities of T cells recognizing individual proteins of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus, virus-specific T cell lines were produced from mice primed by scarification with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing the major surface glycoprotein (G), fusion protein (F) or second matrix (22K) protein of RS virus. As previously reported, the in vitro characteristics of these cells are predetermined by the choice of RS virus protein: 22K-specific cells are predominantly class I-restricted cytolytic CD8+ cells; F-specific cells, a mixture of cytolytic CD8+ cells and CD4+ cells with a T helper 1 cell (Th1) cytokine secretion profile, whereas those from G-sensitized mice are almost exclusively CD4+, with Th2 characteristics. Mice infected intranasally with RS virus showed mild illness and recovered fully, but developed respiratory distress after intravenous injections of T cells. Dose-for-dose, infected mice receiving G-specific cells suffered the most severe (sometimes fatal) illness, characterized by lung hemorrhage, pulmonary neutrophil recruitment (shock lung) and intense pulmonary eosinophilia. This disease was further enhanced by coinjection of 22K-specific cells, which alone caused mild shock lung without eosinophilia. F-specific cells caused minimal enhancement of pathology and had little or no effect on the disease caused by G-specific cells. Each cell line reduced lung virus titer and combined injections of G- and 22K-specific cells eliminated infection completely. The in vitro characteristics of these antiviral T cell lines therefore predict the pathological effects in vivo. Moreover, different forms of viral bronchiolitis can be caused by functionally distinct types of activated T cell.
The Cambridge Structural Database in chemical education: analysis of hydrogen-bonded networks in salts of hexaaqua metal ions with organic counter-ions (2020)

This paper describes a laboratory course that introduces basic crystallographic data analysis to chemistry students encountering for the first time the world of crystals and crystal structures. The aim of the course is to provide students with direct contact with crystal structures and hands-on experience in structure analysis. To this end, a set of appropriately simple inorganic molecular structures was selected, consisting of salts of hexaaqua metal ions with organic counter-ions. By exploiting the crystallographic tools available in the Cambridge Structural Database program Mercury , students learn how to visualize and analyse a set of atomic coordinates. In this way they learn how to extract bonding and structural information concerning intramolecular interactions in both salt components. Intermolecular interactions are next analysed by looking closely at supramolecular motifs and packing patterns generated by hydrogen bonds. This pragmatic approach turned out to be effective and extremely useful for summarizing many chemical concepts learned by students during a bachelor degree course in chemistry. The experience provides at the same time some basic capabilities for properly managing crystal structure analysis.
苯芘對於缺氧狀態下多環芳香烴受體與缺氧誘導因子-1α間關係之影響:核受體輔活化子角色之探討 (2012)

Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), one of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons family (PAHs), and is a well-known aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonist. Such of studies indicate that when exposure to B[a]P, many patients with CVD (cardiovascular disease) have worsening trend in oxygen- deficient environment condition, the reason is B[a]P may inhibite the signal transduction induced by hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) a transcriptional factor composed of α- and β-subunits (ARNT), is a key regulator of metabolic adaptation to hypoxia. In our previous studies, hypoxia –induced HIF-1α was suppressed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treated with Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a] P), the decreased in AhR protein level enhanced the activity of HRE and HRE-related genes induction under hypoxia treatment in HepG2. The data suggest when exposure to PAHs under hypoxia, AhR might compete to ARNT with HIF-1α forming the complex for transactivation. However, the detailed mechanism was still unknown. Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 2 (NcoA2), a transcription coactivator which could regulate the bHLH-PAS family proteins (HIF-1α, ARNT, AhR) transcriptional activity by protein-protien interactions to regulate transcription factor activation and inhibition, and thus play an important role in the activation of the transcription factor, affecting the embryo forming and change the course of tumor development. The aim of this study is to understand the role of NcoA2 between AhR and HIF-1α pathway.In this study, based on the basal level of AhR, we use the HEK293T and HepG2 as the cell model. NcoA2 was silenced by using NcoA2 shRNA, following analysis with Luciferase assay observed the HRE activity was decreased obviously; moreover,the HIF-1α protein accumulation (6hr after hypoxia treatment) and NcoA2 degradation was found in hypoxia –treated HEK293T cells. The decreased NcoA2 protein was mainly found in nuclear fraction rather than cytosol, these results indicated NcoA2 may regulate the gene transcription under hypoxia in a HIF-1α - independent manner. In contrast to hypoxia, the treatment of B[a]P could also repress NcoA2 expression in HepG2, but not in HEK293T. interestingly, HepG2 was pre-treated B[a]P follow by hypoxia incubating for 6 hours, the result showed that NcoA2 significantly decreased in nuclear fraction, indicating that the activation of AhR caused NcoA2 protein reduction may reduce the activity of the transcription of HRE under hypoxic. Immunoprecipitation analysis showed AhR expression or NcoA2 abnormal expression may influence NcoA2-ARNT interaction thereby inhibit HIF-1α-ARNT complex formation. In conclusion, NcoA2 indeed plays an important role on HRE activation; but the expression of the AhR may be a major factor affecting NcoA2 function. These results lead NcoA2 colud both up-regulate and down –regulate the transcriptional activity of the HRE.
Dependences of Rheological and Compression Mechanical Properties on Cellular Structures for Impact-Protective Materials (2017)

In this study, three typical impact-protective materials, D3O, PORON XRD, and DEFLEXION were chosen to explore the dependences of rheological and compression mechanical properties on the internal cellular structures with polymer matrix characteristics, which were examined using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy. The rheological property of these three foaming materials were examined using a rheometer, and the mechanical property in a compression mode was further examined using an Instron universal tensile testing machine. The dependences of rheological parameters, such as dynamic moduli, normalized moduli, and loss tangent, on angular frequency, and the dependences of mechanical properties in compression, such as the degree of strain-hardening, hysteresis, and elastic recovery, on the strain rate for D3O, PORON XRD, and DEFLEXION can be well-correlated with their internal cellular structural parameters, revealing, for example, that D3O and PORON XRD exhibit simultaneously high strength and great energy loss in a high-frequency impact, making them suitable for use as soft, close-fitting materials; however, DEFLEXION dissipates much energy whether it suffers a large strain rate or not, making it suitable for use as a high-risk impact-protective material. The rheometry and compression tests used in this study can provide the basic references for selecting and characterizing certain impact-protective materials for applications.
Impostor: a single sign-on system for use from untrusted devices. (2005)

At present, network users have to manage a set of authentication credentials (usually a username/password pair) for every service with which they are registered. Single sign-on (SSO) has been proposed as a solution to the usability, security and management implications of this situation. Under SSO, users need to manage only one set of authentication credentials in order to log into the services they subsequently use. This paper presents the design of an SSO system that is based on a trusted proxy, and that is suitable for use from an untrusted network access device. Unlike existing proxy-based SSO schemes, which require an infrastructure to be in place between the proxy and the service providers, the one presented here does not. An open-source implementation of the scheme, called 'Impostor', is also described. The prototype is implemented as an HTTP proxy, resulting in a system that works with common Web browsers.
A Study of Bandwidth-Perception Management Mechanisms in IEEE 802.16 Networks (2010)

Bandwidth request-grant mechanisms are used in 802.16 networks to manage the uplink bandwidth needs of subscriber stations (SSs). Requests may be sent by SSs to the base station (BS) by means of several mechanisms defined in the standard. Based on the incoming requests, the BS (which handles most of the bandwidth scheduling in the system) schedules the transmission of uplink traffic, by assigning transmission opportunities to the SSs in an implementation-dependent manner. In this paper we present a study of some bandwidth allocation issues, arising from the management of the perception of subscriber stations' bandwidth needs at the base station. We illustrate how the bandwidth perception varies depending on the policy used to handle requests and grants. By means of ns-2 simulations, we evaluate the potential impact of such policies on the system's aggregate throughput when the traffic is composed of Best-Effort TCP flows.
Digestion of Fresh Forage in Rumen Fluid<sup>1</sup> (1972)

Abstract This technique to evaluate digestion of fresh forage was developed as an additional tool for our forage breeding and evaluation programs. Leaf discs or segments were incubated in rumen fluid to assess the rate and progression of digestion of fresh forage samples. Digestion occurred at cut or broken surfaces as the cuticle formed a barrier to entry of rumen microflora. Differences in rate of digestion between species and between lines within a species were clearly apparent.
Functional Properties of Spice Extracts Obtained via Supercritical Fluid Extraction (2003)

In the present study the antioxidant, anticancer, and antimycobacterial activities of extracts from ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) were evaluated. The extracts were obtained using supercritical CO(2) with and without ethanol and/or isopropyl alcohol as cosolvent. The extracts' antioxidant power was assessed using the reaction between beta-carotene and linolenic acid, the antimycobacterial activity against M. tuberculosis was measured by the MABA test, and their anticancer action was tested against nine human cancer ancestries: lung, breast, breast resistant, melanoma, colon, prostate, leukemia, and kidney. The rosemary extracts exhibited the strongest antioxidant and the lowest antimycobacterial activities. Turmeric extracts showed the greatest antimycobacterial activity. Ginger and turmeric extracts showed selective anticancer activities.