gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dynamic thermal management circuit for system-on-chip designs (2002)

A novel fully integrated dynamic thermal management circuit for system-on-chip design is proposed and implemented in a VLSI device. Instead of worst-case thermal management used in conventional systems, this design yields continual monitoring of thermal activity and reacts to specified conditions. With the above system, we can incorporate on-chip power/speed modulation and an integrated multi-stage fan controller, which allows one to achieve nominal power dissipation and ensure operation within specification. Both architecture and circuitry are optimized for modern system-on-chip designs. This design yields intricate control and optimal management with little system overhead and minimum hardware requirements, as well as providing the flexibility to support different management algorithms. This circuit is fabricated in a TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m process through MOSIS.
The interaction of natural products with cellular signalling mechanisms (1987)

Abstract Naturally occurring substances were of inestimable value to the founding fathers of modern pharmacology in their early studies into the nature and properties of neurotransmitter receptors. Even today, chemical substances derived from the animal and plant kingdom are of crucial importance to biochemical pharmacologists studying the mechanisms by which hormonal signals are communicated from the cell surface to the intracellular compartment. Signal transduction is a complex procedure which involves the linkage of a receptor, via a coupling protein (usually a guanine nucleotide binding protein or G‐protein), to a system which produces second messengers (adenylate cyclase, phosphoinositidase C or an ion channel) or directly to an ion channel. Not only has nature provided a variety of agents that can mimic or antagonize the actions of hormones at the cell surface, but it has also provided a wealth of substances that can modify the signal transduction process at a post receptor level. In this article, we discuss the sources and the mechanisms of action of a selection of the most widely used of these latter agents and show how they have helped the modern biochemical pharmacologist to gain an insight into the fundamental mechanisms involved in signal transduction.
Platelet-derived extracellular vesicles infiltrate and modify the bone marrow during inflammation (2020)

During inflammation, steady-state hematopoiesis switches to emergency hematopoiesis to repopulate myeloid cells, with a bias toward the megakaryocytic lineage. Soluble inflammatory cues are thought to be largely responsible for these alterations. However, how these plasma factors rapidly alter the bone marrow (BM) is not understood. Inflammation also drives platelet activation, causing the release of platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs), which package diverse cargo and reprogram target cells. We hypothesized that PEVs infiltrate the BM, providing a direct mode of communication between the plasma and BM environments. We transfused fluorescent, wild-type (MPL+) platelets into recipient cMpl-/-mice before triggering systemic inflammation. Twenty hours postinfusion, we observed significant infiltration of donor platelet-derived particles in the BM, which we tracked immunophenotypically (MPL+ immunohistochemistry staining) and quantified by flow cytometry. To determine if this phenomenon relates to humans, we extensively characterized both megakaryocyte-derived and PEVs generated in vitro and in vivo, and found enrichment of extracellular vesicles in bone marrow compared with autologous peripheral blood. Last, BM from cMpl-/- mice was cultured in the presence or absence of wild-type (MPL+) PEVs. After 72 hours, flow cytometry revealed increased megakaryocytes only in cultures with added PEVs. The majority of CD41+ cells were bound to PEVs, suggesting a PEV-mediated rescue of megakaryopoiesis. In conclusion, we report for the first time that plasma-residing PEVs infiltrate the BM. Further, PEVs interact with BM cells in vivo and in vitro, causing functional reprogramming that may represent a novel model of inflammation-induced hematopoiesis.
Design of Asymptotically Convergent Frequency Estimator Using Contraction Theory (2008)

The problem of estimating unknown frequencies of a sinusoidal signal simultaneously is a classical problem in signal and system theory. Many approaches and algorithms are proposed in literature to develop estimators for a measurable sinusoidal signal having multiple sinusoids with unknown amplitudes, frequencies and phases. In this work, an asymptotically convergent frequency estimator is given for estimation of n-unknown frequencies of a measurable sinusoidal signal. The contraction theory approach is adopted to show the asymptotic convergence of the proposed estimator in quite a simplified manner. Approach given here exploits the results of contraction theory related to semi-contracting systems. The nonlinear estimator based on dynamic system approach, guarantees global boundedness and convergence of the state and frequency estimation for all initial conditions and frequency values. It further ensures simultaneous globally convergent estimation of states and frequencies of a sinusoid involving multiple frequencies. Numerical simulations are presented for different combinations of frequencies to justify the claim.
A study on using texture analysis methods for identifying lobar fissure regions in isotropic CT images (2009)

The major hurdle for segmenting lung lobes in computed tomographic (CT) images is to identify fissure regions, which encase lobar fissures. Accurate identification of these regions is difficult due to the variable shape and appearance of the fissures, along with the low contrast and high noise associated with CT images. This paper studies the effectiveness of two texture analysis methods - the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and the gray level run length matrix (GLRLM) - in identifying fissure regions from isotropic CT image stacks. To classify GLCM and GLRLM texture features, we applied a feed-forward back-propagation neural network and achieved the best classification accuracy utilizing 16 quantized levels for computing the GLCM and GLRLM texture features and 64 neurons in the input/hidden layers of the neural network. Tested on isotropic CT image stacks of 24 patients with the pathologic lungs, we obtained accuracies of 86% and 87% for identifying fissure regions using the GLCM and GLRLM methods, respectively. These accuracies compare favorably with surgeons/radiologists' accuracy of 80% for identifying fissure regions in clinical settings. This shows promising potential for segmenting lung lobes using the GLCM and GLRLM methods.
Dimethyl Carbonate as an Ambident Electrophile (2005)

[reaction: see text] The features of various anions having different soft/hard character (aliphatic and aromatic amines, alcohoxydes, phenoxides, thiolates) are compared with regard to nucleophilic substitutions on dimethyl carbonate (DMC), using different reaction conditions. Results are well in agreement with the Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) theory. Accordingly, the high selectivity of monomethylation of CH(2) acidic compounds and primary aromatic amines with DMC can be explained by two different subsequent reactions, which are due to the double electrophilic character of DMC. The first step consists of a hard-hard reaction and selectively produces a soft anion, which, in the second phase, selectively transforms into the final monomethylated product, via a soft-soft nucleophilic displacement (yield >99% at complete conversion, using DMC as solvent).
Tough Tendons (1997)

The primary structure of the alpha-chain of preCol-D (molecular mass = 80 kDa), a tanned collagenous protein predominating in the distal portion of the byssal threads of the mussel Mytilus edulis, was deduced from cDNA to encode an unprecedented natural block copolymer with three major domain types: a central collagen domain flanked by fibroin-like domains and followed by histidine-rich termini. The fibroin-like domains have sequence motifs that strongly resemble the crystalline polyalanine-rich and amorphous glycine-rich regions of spider dragline silk fibroins. The terminal regions resemble the histidine-rich domains of a variety of metal-binding proteins. The silk domains may toughen the collagen by increasing its strength and extensibility. PreCol-D expression is limited to the mussel foot, which contains a longitudinal gradient of preCol-D mRNA. This gradient increases linearly in the proximal to distal direction and reaches a maximum just before the distal depression of the foot.
The Brn-3a Transcription Factor Induces Neuronal Process Outgrowth and the Coordinate Expression of Genes Encoding Synaptic Proteins (1997)

The Brn-3a POU family transcription factor is expressed only in posmitotic neurons in the central nervous system and identifies the first differentiated neurons to appear in the midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord during development. This factor is also induced when undifferentiated proliferating ND7 cells cease dividing and differentiate to a mature neuronal-like phenotype bearing numerous neurite processes. We show that overexpression of Brn-3a in undifferentiated ND7 cells induces a mature neuronal phenotype characterized by process outgrowth and the induction of genes encoding synaptic proteins, although the cells continue to proliferate. In contrast, the closely related factors Brn-3b and Brn-3c do not have this effect. Although the N-terminal activation domain of Brn-3a is required for maximum induction of neurite outgrowth and gene expression, these effects are primarily dependent on the DNA binding POU domain, which also acts as an activation domain. Overexpression of the isolated POU domain of Brn-3a is sufficient to induce neurite outgrowth, while the ability of full-length Brn-3a to do so is abolished by mutating a single amino acid in the Brn-3a POU homeodomain to its equivalent in Brn-3b. Thus, Brn-3a appears to play a critical role in the specification of the mature neuronal phenotype, acting by stimulating the expression of genes whose products are required for process outgrowth and synapse formation.
The Expedition of Baron de Pointis against Cartagena (1932)

EVEN the patriotic Frenchman does not always realize how long is the list of his naval heroes. He is often content to name Duquesne, Duguay-Trouin, and Jean Bart, and to suppose that the list is complete. There is a host of others who should not be forgotten. Among them is Jean Bernard Louis Desjeans, Baron de Pointis, whose daring exploits have suffered eclipse bn account of the failures of the French navy toward the close of the reign of Louis XIV. Yet one of his expeditions played for a year a determining r6le in the maneuvers of the navies of England, France, and Holland, greatly alarmed both Spanish America and the English West Indies, influenced somewhat the course of peace negotiations at Ryswick, and materially increased English interest in the South Seas at the moment when the future of the Spanish empire became the predominant issue in European diplomacy. Le Siecle de Lottis Quatorze still stands resplendent for its wars and rumors of wars. It has, indeed, been generally assumed that this king was too deeply engrossed in military affairs to be interested in commerce and colonization, and that while he cherished the army he starved the navy. He was, however, deeply concerned about naval affairs, commerce, and colonies, as even a casual reference to the manuscripts and printed sources of the reign will indicate. Some have claimed that the attention paid to them was due to Colbert, but the emphasis on all three increased after his death, and was largely responsible for plunging France into three-quarters of a century of bitter, if intermittent, warfare which began with the accession of William III. to the English throne, and ended in I763 only after it had spread from Havana to Manila. The career of Pointis is a commentary upon this paragraph, and particularly is this true of his capture of Cartagena, the exploit for which he should best be remembered. He was born in I645. By the age of forty he had risen in the navy to be captain of a royal vessel. Soon after, he was made commissary general of marines and a chevalier of the Order of St. Louis. At Beachy Head in I690 he commanded a ship of the line. After the battle of La Hogue two years later, when Louis XIV. began gradually (more gradually, indeed, than has usually 237
Power flow control and optimization of a three-port converter for photovoltaic-storage hybrid system (2012)

This paper presents a power flow control method of a three-port DC-DC converter suitable of photovoltaic-store hybrid system. The power flow control is an important factor to keep the hybrid system steady. By the proposed control method, the three-port DC-DC converter is able to restrain the power randomness of photovoltaic and load, which is significant to improve the operating efficiency and optimize the stability of photovoltaic-storage hybrid system. The asymmetrical dual half-bridge integrated converter which connects photovoltaic modules and storage cells is introduced and analyzed. Based on that, the steady performance is clarified and the modified power control method is considered as well. Experimental results on the laboratory prototype verify the validity of the proposed method.
CuPON: the Copper alternative to PON 100 Gb/s DSL networks [Accepted from Open Call] (2007)

This article investigates the ultimate bandwidth limits of a copper DSL binder of 200 telephone line connections, finding the ultimate available shared data bandwidth to be 100 Gb/s. A new "Copper-PON" or, more compactly CuPON <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> multidropping DSL architecture enables DSL bandwidth sharing and increases data rates through exploitation of all modes of crosstalk, particularly with the use of vectored <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> dynamic spectrum management. The inevitable emerging conclusion raises an intriguing question about the broadband access evolution of telecommunications networks: Why deploy currently available or contemplated passive fiber systems when the existing last kilometer of copper can provide broadband gigabits per second to everyone?
70 Gbit/s fibre based source of fundamental solitons at 1550 nm (1992)

The generation of a 70 Gbit/s CW soliton train with a markspace ratio of 1:11 from a fibre system based on the nonlinear propagation of a dual-frequency beat-signal within dispersion decreasing fibre is reported.
Technical issues on roaming: transparency, technical aspects and data overview related to the proposed regulation on roaming (2006)

The object of the present briefing is to analyse some of the fundamental aspects of the legal proposal by the European Commission on the subject of roaming, COM (2006)382 on 12 July 2006, which proposed to modify the regulation of mobile communications, resulting in important eductions of roaming tariffs within the Community. The briefing examines the efficiency and concrete applicability of the measures introduced by the Regulation Proposal, which created the “Mechanism of the Domestic European Market” and the envisaged requirements of transparency and information on roaming costs charged by mobile network operators (MNOs). The briefing consists of four sections, analysing the following issues: Transparency, Technical Infrastructure, Overview of Existing Data, and Feasibility of Technical Implementation.
Traffigram (2014)

Most geographic maps visually represent physical distance; however, travel time can in some cases be more important than distance because it directly indicates availability. The technique of creating maps from temporal data is known as isochronal cartography, and is a form of distortion for clarification. In an isochronal map, congestion expands areas, while ideal travel conditions make the map shrink in comparison to the actual distance scale of a traditional map. Although there have been many applications of this technique, detailed user studies of its efficacy remain scarce, and there are conflicting views on its practical value. To attempt to settle this issue, we utilized a user-centered design process to determine which features of isochronal cartography might be most usable in practice. We developed an interactive cartographic visualization system, Traffigram, that features a novel combination of efficient isochronal map algorithms and an interface designed to give map users a quick and seamless experience while preserving geospatial integrity and aesthetics. We validated our design choices with multiple usability studies. We present our results and discuss implications for design.
Normal Body Temperature: A Systematic Review (2019)

PubMed was searched from 1935 to December 2017 with a variety of search phrases among article titles. The references of the identified manuscripts were then manually searched. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) the paper presented data on measured normal body temperature of healthy human subjects ages 18 and older, (2) a prospective design was used, and (3) the paper was written in or translated into the English language. Thirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. This comprised 9227 measurement sites from 7636 subjects. The calculated ranges (mean ± 2 standard deviations) were 36.32-37.76 (rectal), 35.76-37.52 (tympanic), 35.61-37.61 (urine), 35.73-37.41 (oral), and 35.01-36.93 (axillary). Older adults (age ≥60) had lower temperature than younger adults (age <60) by 0.23°C, on average. There was only insignificant gender difference. Compared with the currently established reference point for normothermia of 36.8°C, our means are slightly lower but the difference likely has no physiological importance. We conclude that the most important patient factors remain site of measurement and patient's age.
Y-Branch TE-TM Mode Splitter Using Multilayered Waveguide (1992)

A Y-branch TE-TM mode splitter using a multilayered waveguide is proposed. This mode splitter is based on a form birefringence which is inherent in a multilayered medium. Owing to its form birefringence, the multilayered waveguide has different propagation characteristics for different polarizations. The Y-branch waveguide in which one branch arm is multilayered results in efficient TE-TM mode splitting operation. An example of the numerical design is shown and the field propagation and the extinction ratios of the splitter are calculated using the coupled mode equations. The calculated extinction ratios for TE and TM modes are -47.92 dB and -33.55 dB, respectively, with a branching angle of 0.06 degrees. The device was fabricated and mode splitting operation was observed.
The electrical and electrochemical properties of poly(p-phenylene)-based carbon for lithium rechargeable batteries (2002)

Poly(p-phenylene) (PPP), electrically conductive polymer, was prepared from benzene by chemical reaction. And then disordered carbon materials were obtained by heat-treating PPP in a nitrogen atmosphere at 400, 600, 700, 800 and 1000/spl deg/C for 1 hour. X-ray diffraction and FTIR were measured to determined fundamental structure of PPP-based carbon and also measured a electrical conductivity and temperature dependence of conductivity of PPP-based carbon to study the electrical properties. The carbon prepared by heat treatment showed a broad X-ray diffraction peak around 2/spl theta/-22.4/spl deg/ indicating disordered structure. The electrochemical properties of Li/carbon cells using an 1M LiPF/sub 6/ solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (EC) as electrolyte were studied by means of constant current cycle and cyclic voltammetry. Electrodes were charged and discharged at a current density of 0.1 mA/cm/sup 2/ between 0 to 1.5 V. First discharge capacity of 836.9 mAh/g exceeding 372 mAh/g of theoretical capacity of graphite was observed from PPP-based carbon electrode prepared at 700/spl deg/C.
Evaluation of antinociceptive, in-vivo & in-vitro anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome (2014)

The results obtained from the tests indicate that the plant might have one or more secondary metabolite(s) having central and peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.
Synthesis and Characterization of Some Azo-Anil Dyes (1995)

A number of azo-anil dyes of the type with with Y=CN or NO2 and R,R′=Me, Me; Me,C6H13; Et,Pr and C6H13,C6,H13 were synthesized by reactions of the aminosubstituted nitrosoamine with phenylene diamine followed by condensation of the resulting aniline with the appropriate 4-substituted benzaldehyde. Mesomorphic properties were determined both by hot-stage polarizing microscopy and DSC. A nematic phase was observed only when R=R′=CH3 while smectic A phases occurred in the other homologs. Melting temperatures were greater than 130°. All had colors ranging from red to orange with UV Δmax ranging from 448–459 nm and ε 2.20–3.67 E+4. The ΔH melting values ranged from 16.8 to 30.7 KJ/mole and solubilities in a BDH-E7 liquid crystal mixture were low.
The WNT receptor FZD7 is required for maintenance of the pluripotent state in human embryonic stem cells (2014)

WNT signaling is involved in maintaining stem cells in an undifferentiated state; however, it is often unclear which WNTs and WNT receptors are mediating these activities. Here we examined the role of the WNT receptor FZD7 in maintaining human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) in an undifferentiated and pluripotent state. FZD7 expression is significantly elevated in undifferentiated cells relative to differentiated cell populations, and interfering with its expression or function, either by short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown or with a fragment antigen binding (Fab) molecule directed against FZD7, disrupts the pluripotent state of hESCs. The FZD7-specific Fab blocks signaling by Wnt3a protein by down-regulating FZD7 protein levels, suggesting that FZD7 transduces Wnt signals to activate Wnt/β-catenin signaling. These results demonstrate that FZD7 encodes a regulator of the pluripotent state and that hESCs require endogenous WNT/β-catenin signaling through FZD7 to maintain an undifferentiated phenotype.
Rapid Identification of<i>Helicoverpa armigera</i>and<i>Helicoverpa zea</i>(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Using Ribosomal RNA Internal Transcribed Spacer 1 (2015)

Rapid identification of invasive species is crucial for deploying management strategies to prevent establishment. Recent Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) invasions and subsequent establishment in South America has increased the risk of this species invading North America. Morphological similarities make differentiation of H. armigera from the native Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) difficult. Characteristics of adult male genitalia and nucleotide sequence differences in mitochondrial DNA are two of the currently available methods to differentiate these two species. However, current methods are likely too slow to be employed as rapid detection methods. In this study, conserved differences in the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) of the ribosomal RNA genes were used to develop species-specific oligonucleotide primers that amplified ITS1 fragments of 147 and 334 bp from H. armigera and H. zea, respectively. An amplicon (83 bp) from a conserved region of 18S ribosomal RNA subunit served as a positive control. Melting temperature differences in ITS1 amplicons yielded species-specific dissociation curves that could be used in high resolution melt analysis to differentiate the two Helicoverpa species. In addition, a rapid and inexpensive procedure for obtaining amplifiable genomic DNA from a small amount of tissue was identified. Under optimal conditions, the process was able to detect DNA from one H. armigera leg in a pool of 25 legs. The high resolution melt analysis combined with rapid DNA extraction could be used as an inexpensive method to genetically differentiate large numbers of H. armigera and H. zea using readily available reagents.