gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CX3CL1 (Fractalkine) Protein Expression in Normal and Degenerating Mouse Retina: In Vivo Studies (2014)

We aimed to investigate fractalkine (CX3CL1) protein expression in wild type (wt) retina and its alterations during retinal degeneration in mouse model (rd10) of retinitis pigmentosa. Forms of retinal protein CX3CL1, total protein and mRNA levels of CX3CL1 were analyzed at postnatal days (P) 5, 10, 14, 22, 30, 45, and 60 by Western blotting and real-time PCR. Cellular sources of CX3CL1 were investigated by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH) and using transgenic (CX3CL1cherry) mice. The immunoblots revealed that in both, wt and rd10 retinas, a membrane integrated ∼100 kDa CX3CL1 form and a cleaved ∼85 kDa CX3CL1 form were present at P5. At P10, accumulation of another presumably intra-neuronal ∼95 kDa form and a decrease in the ∼85-kDa form were observed. From P14, a ∼95 kDa form became principal in wt retina, while in rd10 retinas a soluble ∼85 kDa form increased at P45 and P60. In comparison, retinas of rd10 mice had significantly lower levels of total CX3CL1 protein (from P10 onwards) and lower CX3CL1 mRNA levels (from P14), even before the onset of primary rod degeneration. ISH and mCherry reporter fluorescence showed neurons in the inner retina layers as principal sites of CX3CL1 synthesis both in wt and rd10 retinas. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that CX3CL1 has a distinctive course of expression and functional regulation in rd10 retina starting at P10. The biological activity of CX3CL1 is regulated by conversion of a membrane integrated to a soluble form during neurogenesis and in response to pathologic changes in the adult retinal milieu. Viable mature neurons in the inner retina likely exhibit a dynamic intracellular storage depot of CX3CL1.
Network-Assisted Device-to-Device (D2D) Direct Proximity Discovery with Underlay Communication (2014)

Device-to-Device communications are expected to play an important role in current and future cellular generations, by increasing the spatial reuse of spectrum resources and enabling lower latency communication links. This paradigm has two fundamental building blocks: (i) proximity discovery and (ii) direct communication between proximate devices. While (ii) is treated extensively in the recent literature, (i) has received relatively little attention. In this paper we analyze a network-assisted underlay proximity discovery protocol, where a cellular device can take the role of: announcer (which announces its interest in establishing a D2D connection) or monitor (which listens for the transmissions from the announcers). Traditionally, the announcers transmit their messages over dedicated channel resources. In contrast, inspired by recent advances on receivers with multiuser decoding capabilities, we consider the case where the announcers underlay their messages in the downlink transmissions that are directed towards the monitoring devices. We propose a power control scheme applied to the downlink transmission, which copes with the underlay transmission via additional power expenditure, while guaranteeing both reliable downlink transmissions and underlay proximity discovery.
The SPEED Microwave Oven in Integrated Cooking<sup>*</sup> (1969)

This paper describes thespeed Field Feeding System under development by the U.S. Army Natick Laboratories. Design and performance figures are given.
Brain Injury due to Ventricular Shunt Placement Delineated by Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) Tractography (2008)

Recovery of motor function after serious injury to motor cortex during childhood is a dramatic example of the plasticity of the child's brain to injury. In addition, we suggest that the behavioral disorder that emerged in this patient may be related to limbic system injury suffered during the shunt revision.
Respiration Capacity of the Fermenting Bacterium <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> and Its Positive Effects on Growth and Survival (2001)

Oxygen is a major determinant of both survival and mortality of aerobic organisms. For the facultative anaerobe Lactococcus lactis, oxygen has negative effects on both growth and survival. We show here that oxygen can be beneficial to L. lactis if heme is present during aerated growth. The growth period is extended and long-term survival is markedly improved compared to results obtained under the usual fermentation conditions. We considered that improved growth and survival could be due to the capacity of L. lactis to undergo respiration. To test this idea, we confirmed that the metabolic behavior of lactococci in the presence of oxygen and hemin is consistent with respiration and is most pronounced late in growth. We then used a genetic approach to show the following. (i) The cydA gene, encoding cytochrome d oxidase, is required for respiration and plays a direct role in oxygen utilization. cydA expression is induced late in growth under respiration conditions. (ii) The hemZ gene, encoding ferrochelatase, which converts protoporphyrin IX to heme, is needed for respiration if the precursor, rather than the final heme product, is present in the medium. Surprisingly, survival improved by respiration is observed in a superoxide dismutase-deficient strain, a result which emphasizes the physiological differences between fermenting and respiring lactococci. These studies confirm respiratory metabolism in L. lactis and suggest that this organism may be better adapted to respiration than to traditional fermentative metabolism.
Two-pass recursive digital filter with zero phase shift (1974)

A two-pass recursive scheme is proposed for realizing zero phase shift filters with arbitrary magnitude characteristics. The first pass is performed in forward time and the second in reverse time. The effect of initial and reverse time transients is discussed, and a scheme for quasi on-line adaptation is presented.
Blood flow, oxygen consumption, and tissue oxygenation of human breast cancer xenografts in nude rats. (1987)

Human breast cancer xenografts in T-cell-deficient rnu/rnu rats permit the detailed and systematic study of blood flow, oxygen supply, and characterization of the cellular microenvironment of human tumors in vivo. Using an epigastric pouching technique, it is possible to obtain a tissue-isolated preparation which makes direct studies of blood flow and oxygen supply in human tumors feasible. So far, medullary and squamous cell carcinomas of the breast from patients have been investigated under well-defined systemic conditions. At comparable tumor sizes, the average blood flow rate through human breast cancer xenografts is higher in medullary than in squamous cell carcinomas (0.17 versus 0.10 ml X g-1 X min-1). Blood flow per unit tumor mass significantly decreases with increasing wet weight. No significant differences are obvious when comparing the flow values of pre- and postmenopausal tumors or of cancer tissues with different hormone receptor capacities. On the average, the oxygen consumption rates of human breast cancer xenografts are 10.4 in medullary and 7.7 microliter O2 X g-1 X min-1 in squamous cell carcinomas. With increasing tumor mass, the O2 consumption rate per unit weight significantly decreases. This decrease parallels the respective decline of tumor blood flow, implying that the O2 consumption rate of the cancer cells in vivo is mostly limited by the nutritive blood flow, i.e., by the O2 availability to the tumors. Due to a restricted blood supply, the O2 utilization of human breast cancer xenografts is high. Tissue oxygenation in microareas of human breast cancers xenotransplanted s.c. into nude rats is mostly inadequate. As a consequence, tissue hypoxia and anoxia are common findings even in very early growth stages. Due to marked intra- and intertumor variabilities in blood flow, heterogeneities in the tissue oxygenation are characteristic features of human breast cancer xenografts. From the results obtained it is concluded that human breast cancers growing as xenografts in rnu/rnu rats may be useful tools for cancer research, especially for investigations of blood flow, tissue oxygenation, and substrate turnover.
Living and controlled polymerization : synthesis, characterization and properties of the respective polymers and copolymers (2005)

The living/controlled polymerisation techniques opened new vistas in polymer chemistry. The leading authorities in this field and its pioneers contributed chapters to this collective volume. The controlled polymerisation techniques have enabled preparation of polymers, copolymers, and block copolymers with predetermined molecular weights and narrow polydispersity, in which functional groups or biologically active molecules could be placed at well defined locations. They have also enabled preparation of advanced polymeric structures with precisely determined architectures and improved properties. Moreover, they have provided opportunities for preparation of novel polymeric materials from monomers, which before have not been suitable or accessible for such purposes. Properties of some of these polymeric materials may be significantly different from those of the existing ones. They provide opportunities for new applications. Several patents have already been approved for such speciality applications as, drug delivery, biocompatible surfaces, thermoplastic elastomers, moisture curable sealants, and so on. Many more products, based on polymers fabricated by the living/ controlled polymerisation techniques, will certainly emerge in such specialised areas as, nanotechnology, medical devices, smart polymers, sensors , smart separation technologies, optical fibres and other optical applications, various biomaterials, etc.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), HGF activator, and c-Met in synovial tissues in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. (2001)

HGFA, HGF, and c-Met mRNA are expressed in synovial tissue in RA and OA, and HGF is activated by HGFA and binds to c-Met on endothelial cells, inducing angiogenesis.
An active nutation damper for spacecraft (1977)

An active nutation damping device, consisting of an angular accelerometer, a dc-motor-driven flywheel, and associated electronics, developed for spacecraft use is described. This damping system was used on the LAGEOS spacecraft to control nutation buildup during the long coast period (approximately 75 minutes) after the third stage separation. The damper package was evaluated and proven on a three-axis gas-bearing simulator that duplicated the LAGEOS spacecraft critical flight dynamics. In addition, a failure analysis of the damper assembly was performed. Performance of the damper during the LAGEOS flight has confirmed the preflight evaluation and analysis.
The Design, Implementation and Use of Inflow Control Devices for Improving the Production Performance of Horizontal Wells (2012)

Abstract The use of horizontal and multilateral wells in heterogeneous reservoirs has become well established over the last 10–15 years and has resulted in improved recovery and increased field life. Due to the non-uniform influx from these wells, less than 1/3 of the lateral contributes the bulk of the production from the well. The presence of an aquifer or gas cap can significantly shorten the well life and make it uneconomical. This is especially true for offshore fields where well intervention is difficult and expensive. The use of ICD's or inflow Control Devices is becoming more prevalent and can result in significantly increasing the economic life of a well. Most of the devices currently in use are passive and once set, cannot be changed or modified. ICD's can be used for both producers and injectors and are very effective when used in conjunction. Prior to completing a well with ICD's, considerable design work needs to be done to determine the optimal settings for the life of the well. In order to properly design the ICD configuration, extensive simulations are required from the newly drilled well properties. A poorly designed well can result in choking production from good reservoir sections or resulting in early breakthrough. This paper discusses the different types of ICD's available and the process to properly design the well completion. The different modeling tools available are presented and the implementation process in the field reviewed. Two field examples are given and the results from these installations presented. A process for the proper design and common issues are also presented. The use of screens coupled with ICD's for sand control is also discussed.
Implementation and performance of Munin (1991)

Munin is a distributed shared memory (DSM) system that allows shared memory parallel programs to be executed efficiently on distributed memory multiprocessors. Munin is unique among existing DSM systems in its use of multiple consistency protocols and in its use of release consistency. In Munin, shared program variables are annotated with their expected access pattern, and these annotations are then used by the runtime system to choose a consistency protocol best suited to that access pattern. Release consistency allows Munin to mask network latency and reduce the number of messages required to keep memory consistent. Munin's multiprotocol release consistency is implemented in software using a delayed update queue that buffers and merges pending outgoing writes. A sixteen-processor prototype of Munin is currently operational. We evaluate its implementation and describe the execution of two Munin programs that achieve performance within ten percent of message passing implementations of the same programs. Munin achieves this level of performance with only minor annotations to the shared memory programs.
IJTAG (Internal JTAG): A Step Toward a DFT Standard (2006)

The widespread use of the IEEE 1149.1 standard test access port as the interface for not only boundary scan but also for access to device-internal test features has led to a highly useful but highly fragmented opportunity for the test community. The need for a standard description of internal test features and protocols is elucidated, and the framework for the extension of the boundary scan standards as launched by the ad hoc IJTAG working group is described
Detecting Discontinuities in Large Scale Systems (2014)

Cloud providers and data centers rely heavily on forecasts to accurately predict future workload. This information helps them in appropriate virtualization and cost-effective provisioning of the infrastructure. The accuracy of a forecast greatly depends upon the merit of performance data fed to the underlying algorithms. One of the fundamental problems faced by analysts in preparing data for use in forecasting is the timely identification of data discontinuities. A discontinuity is an abrupt change in a time-series pattern of a performance counter that persists but does not recur. Analysts need to identify discontinuities in performance data so that they can a) remove the discontinuities from the data before building a forecast model and b) retrain an existing forecast model on the performance data from the point in time where a discontinuity occurred. There exist several approaches and tools to help analysts identify anomalies in performance data. However, there exists no automated approach to assist data center operators in detecting discontinuities in the first place. In this paper, we present and evaluate our proposed approach to help data center analysts and cloud providers automatically detect discontinuities. A case study on the performance data obtained from a large cloud provider and performance tests conducted using an open source benchmark system show that our proposed approach provides on average precision of 84% and recall 88%. The approach doesn't require any domain knowledge to operate.
Sequence analysis of the genome of Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus. (1999)

The genome of the nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) (T3 strain) pathogenic for Bombyx mori (Bm) was sequenced and analysed. The BmNPV genome was 128,413 nucleotides long with a G+C content of 40% and contained 136 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding predicted proteins of over 60 amino acids. Although phenotypically different, the genome organizations of BmNPV and Autographa californica multinucleocapsid NPV (AcMNPV) were closely related. The BmNPV genome was over 90% identical to about three-quarters of the genome of AcMNPV. The relatedness of predicted amino acid sequences of corresponding ORFs between BmNPV and AcMNPV was about 90%. However, the BmNPV genome lacked homologues of the following AcMNPV ORFs: Ac3 (conotoxin), Ac7 (orf603), Ac48 (etm), Ac49 (pcna), Ac70 (hcf-1), Ac86 (pnk/pnl) and Ac134 (p94). In addition, BmNPV contained five ORFs related to Ac2. A high frequency of multiple 3 bp insertions was also found within BmNPV and AcMNPV coding sequences.
Face Recognition Technology (2011)

Face recognition technology is one of the most widely used problems in computer vision. It is widely used in applications related to security and human-computer interfaces. The two reasons for this are the wide range of commercial and law enforcement applications and the availability of feasible technologies. In this chapter the various biometric systems and the commonly used techniques of face recognition, Feature Based, eigenface based, Line Based Approach and Local Feature Analysis are explained along with the results. A performance comparison of these algorithms is also given.
IMD of Closed-Loop Filterless Class D Amplifiers (2009)

Audio amplifiers, including the contemporary class D amplifiers (CDAs), are typically qualified by their several nonlinearities, including total harmonic distortion and intermodulation distortion (IMD). In the case of filterless CDAs, IMD remains largely unexplored, and the mechanism thereof is largely unknown. This paper presents an analytical modeling of IMD for the prevalent first- and second-order filterless CDAs and shows that the dominant mechanisms of the former is phase error while of the latter is duty-cycle error. By means of multidimensional Fourier series analysis, analytical expressions for the IMD components and thereafter, the IMD expression for these CDAs, are derived. The derived expressions depict that the IMDs of these CDAs are significant, and the IMD of the first-order filterless CDA, in spite of its lower noise-suppression attribute, is somewhat unexpectedly superior to the second-order filterless CDA. Furthermore, the derived expressions delineate the parameters that affect IMD and are insightful to designers to optimize/vary pertinent parameters to reduce IMD. The derived IMD expressions are verified against HSPICE simulations and on the basis of measurements on a prototype CDA IC and other CDAs realized discretely.
Mobile Colored Overlays for People with Visual Stress (2014)

A colored overlay has been used as an assistive device for people with visual stress. Recently, a kind of mobile colored overlays has been developed; however, it can't be applied to all contents of its environment. In this paper, I implemented a mobile overlay application based on the Android operating system and it can be applied to not only all contents in the system but also external contents such as book using camera mode. To achieve this, I measured film overlay colors at transmit mode and reflect mode by using spectrum colorimeter and estimated and implemented color information to apply to virtual overlays. Chromaticity measured in reflect mode was heavier than the one measured in transmit mode. I found I needed to use chromaticity measured in reflect mode in order to keep the film's overlay effect in virtual colored overlay, which was applied to printed paper. The test results showed that it had the same effect as when existing film overlay was used on white paper, with the exception of color effect on the white screen of mobile devices.
Polarization resistance measurements of bars embedded in concrete with different chloride concentrations: EIS and DC comparison (2010)

Abstract The experimental conditions for corrosion rate measurements of reinforcement by means of the polarization resistance technique, R p , in order to obtain reliable values (in accordance with the gravimetric losses simultaneously measured) must consider some factors as are: the need to subtract ohmic drop generated by the high resistivity of the concrete, the need to wait a certain time after application of the current, the use of a certain sweep rate in order to obtain a quasi‐steady‐state value of the conjugated variable (potential/current), the need to avoid the overlapping with other processes, and the need to use a correct B value in Stern formula. These experimental requirements should be optimized for the individual kinetic of each system. From time to time several papers are published wondering whether R p measurements in concrete are reliable. Present paper extends the study of the experimental conditions influence in the R p determination in order to look more in detail to the accuracy of R p technique. Several sweep rates in potentiodynamic tests, different waiting times with galvanostatic and potentiostatic pulses and different frequencies in electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, EIS, were tested in order to compare the most suitable parameters that provide correct values of the corrosion rate, I corr .
Rules for Biologically Inspired Adaptive Network Design (2010)

Transport networks are ubiquitous in both social and biological systems. Robust network performance involves a complex trade-off involving cost, transport efficiency, and fault tolerance. Biological networks have been honed by many cycles of evolutionary selection pressure and are likely to yield reasonable solutions to such combinatorial optimization problems. Furthermore, they develop without centralized control and may represent a readily scalable solution for growing networks in general. We show that the slime mold Physarum polycephalum forms networks with comparable efficiency, fault tolerance, and cost to those of real-world infrastructure networks--in this case, the Tokyo rail system. The core mechanisms needed for adaptive network formation can be captured in a biologically inspired mathematical model that may be useful to guide network construction in other domains.