gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound plane-wave imaging with delay multiply and sum beamforming and coherent compounding (2016)

Improving the frame rate is an important aspect in medical ultrasound imaging, particularly in 3D/4D cardiac applications. However, an accurate trade-off between the higher frame rate and image contrast and resolution should be performed. Plane-Wave Imaging (PWI) can potentially achieve frame rates in the order of 10 kHz, as it uses a single unfocused plane wave (and thus a single transmit event) to acquire the image of the entire region of interest. The lack of transmit focusing however causes a significant drop of image quality, which can be restored by coherently compounding several tilted plane-wave frames, at the expense of the frame rate. PWI together with the use of a beamforming algorithm able to achieve a higher image contrast resolution, such as the Delay Multiply And Sum (DMAS), could thus allow to improve image quality achieving a high frame rate at the same time. This paper presents the first simulation results obtained by employing DMAS beamforming and PWI with different transmission angles and coherent compounding. The simulated Point Spread Function (PSF) and cyst-phantom images show that DMAS makes it possible to achieve a high image quality with a reduced number of compounded frames compared to standard Delay And Sum (DAS), and hence it can be used to improve the contrast and resolution of plane-wave images still achieving a very high frame rate.
Preparation of fully exfoliated graphite oxide nanoplatelets in organic solvents (2007)

For the first time, fully exfoliated graphite oxide nanoplatelets have been fabricated successfully in a polar organic solvent N,N-dimethylformamide from graphite oxide without any assistance of chemical treatment. The graphite oxide was prepared from expandable graphite by using Hummer’s method.
Zwitterionic complexes of cobalt(II) (1973)

Pseudotetrahedral zwitterionic complexes of stoicheiometry [CoX3–L–L+], where X = Cl, Br, or I and L–L+ represents the cationic ligands Ph2PC2H4N(H)R2(R = H, Me, or Et) have been prepared by the reaction of L–LX– with CoX2. In the cases R = Me or Et, identical complexes were also prepared by the reaction of cobalt(II) halides with the unprotonated ligand in refluxing ethanol. Magnetic susceptibility, conductivity, and in particular, electronic spectral data suggest a total lack of influence of the cationic site on the ligand properties of the donor atom. Similar zwitterionic complexes of stoicheiometry [CoBr3–P–P], where P–P represents the monobenzylatea derivatives of cis- and trans-Ph2PCHCHPPh2 and Ph2PCCPPh2 were prepared in order to study the possible influence of a positive charge transmitted via an unsaturated organic bridge to a donor atom. A comparison of this system with the data obtained for [Et4N]+[CoBr3P–P]–, where the organophosphorus group is only acting in a monodentate fashion, was made.
Air Flow and Heat Transfer in Louver-Fin Round-Tube Heat Exchangers (2006)

Experimental investigations were conducted to understand the air flow and heat transfer in louver-fin round-tube two-row two-pass cross-counterflow heat exchangers. The Colburn factor j and friction factor f were obtained by using the ε-NTU approach. A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model was developed based on a representative unit cell with periodical and symmetric boundary conditions. Analysis of tube-side circuiting effect has been conducted and showed improvement by applying overall nonlinear tube-side fluid temperature boundary conditions. Comparison of heat transfer rate of the first and second rows showed that the first row was much more effective, achieving 68-53% of the total heat transfer rate, when air velocity changes from 1.02m∕sto2.54m∕s. A dimensionless parameter, F, was introduced to describe the louver interaction for different fin designs with various louver angles. Using j′∕f1∕3 as a criterion to evaluate the heat transfer and pressure loss performance, an optimal F was predicted around 0.62.
Modulation of TRPM2 by acidic pH and the underlying mechanisms for pH sensitivity (2009)

TRPM2 is a Ca(2+)-permeable nonselective cation channel that plays important roles in oxidative stress-mediated cell death and inflammation processes. However, how TRPM2 is regulated under physiological and pathological conditions is not fully understood. Here, we report that both intracellular and extracellular protons block TRPM2 by inhibiting channel gating. We demonstrate that external protons block TRPM2 with an IC(50) of pH(o) = 5.3, whereas internal protons inhibit TRPM2 with an IC(50) of pH(i) = 6.7. Extracellular protons inhibit TRPM2 by decreasing single-channel conductance. We identify three titratable residues, H958, D964, and E994, at the outer vestibule of the channel pore that are responsible for pH(o) sensitivity. Mutations of these residues reduce single-channel conductance, decrease external Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)](o)) affinity, and inhibit [Ca(2+)](o)-mediated TRPM2 gating. These results support the following model: titration of H958, D964, and E994 by external protons inhibits TRPM2 gating by causing conformation change of the channel, and/or by decreasing local Ca(2+) concentration at the outer vestibule, therefore reducing [Ca(2+)](o) permeation and inhibiting [Ca(2+)](o)-mediated TRPM2 gating. We find that intracellular protons inhibit TRPM2 by inducing channel closure without changing channel conductance. We identify that D933 located at the C terminus of the S4-S5 linker is responsible for intracellular pH sensitivity. Replacement of Asp(933) by Asn(933) changes the IC(50) from pH(i) = 6.7 to pH(i) = 5.5. Moreover, substitution of Asp(933) with various residues produces marked changes in proton sensitivity, intracellular ADP ribose/Ca(2+) sensitivity, and gating profiles of TRPM2. These results indicate that D933 is not only essential for intracellular pH sensitivity, but it is also crucial for TRPM2 channel gating. Collectively, our findings provide a novel mechanism for TRPM2 modulation as well as molecular determinants for pH regulation of TRPM2. Inhibition of TRPM2 by acidic pH may represent an endogenous mechanism governing TRPM2 gating and its physiological/pathological functions.
Sorbate characteristics of fly ash. Volume I. Final report (1983)

The objective of this investigation is to correlate the sorbate and leaching characteristics of fly ash with coal properties and monitored combustion conditions in order to design a system for the inexpensive treatment of industrial wastes and leachate from industrial landfills using mixtures of fly ash as inexpensive sorbents. Such a low-cost treatment system could also treat ash pond effluent for water reuse by powerplants as cooling tower makeup. Twelve unblended coals from 10 different mines were burned under monitored conditions in three different types of coal fired boilers in order to determine the influence of coal composition, ash fusion temperatures, boiler additives, combustion conditions and co-firing of natural gas or oil with the coal, on the leaching and sorbate characteristics of the fly ash produced. This included the determination of: (1) SiO/sub 2/, Al/sup 2/O/sub 3/, Fe/sub 2/O/sub 3/, CaO, K/sub 2/O, Na/sub 2/O, MgO, sulfur, ash fusion temperatures Ti, Cd, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, Cr, n, Mn, Ba and V in the coals and their respective fly ashes and bottom ashes; (2) Moessbauer spectra of a number of coals and their fly ashes; and (3) surface analysis of the fly ashes using ESCA. The leaching exhibited by the fly ashes with regard to pH, Cd, B, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, Cr, Mn and Fe was examined. In addition, the removal of Cd, B, Sn, Ni, Pb, Mo, Cu, Cr, Fe, As and organics by fly ash was evaluated, using from actual ash pond samples to model realistic inlet concentrations. The results show that fly ash can be used for the treatment of Cadmium, Boron, Tin, Molybdenum, Nickel, Lead, Copper, Chromium, Zinc, Manganese, Iron, Arsenic and organics in actual ash pond effluents. 18 references, 64 figures, 60 tables.
Extensive transmission of microbes along the gastrointestinal tract (2019)

The gastrointestinal tract is abundantly colonized by microbes, yet the translocation of oral species to the intestine is considered a rare aberrant event, and a hallmark of disease. By studying salivary and fecal microbial strain populations of 310 species in 470 individuals from five countries, we found that transmission to, and subsequent colonization of, the large intestine by oral microbes is common and extensive among healthy individuals. We found evidence for a vast majority of oral species to be transferable, with increased levels of transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients and, more generally, for species described as opportunistic pathogens. This establishes the oral cavity as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbial strains, and oral-fecal transmission as an important process that shapes the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease.
Direct Effects of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub>and 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 on Growth Zone and Resting Zone Chondrocyte Membrane Alkaline Phosphatase and Phospholipase-A2 Specific Activities* (1988)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25-(OH)2D3] and 24,25-(OH)2D3 differentially affect the specific activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and phospholipase-A2 (PLA2) of plasma membranes and extracellular matrix vesicles produced by costochondral reserve zone and growth zone cartilage chondrocytes in culture. In the present study, growth zone and cartilage and reserve zone matrix vesicles and plasma membranes were isolated from confluent chondrocyte cultures and incubated with hormone for 3 and 24 h in vitro. Addition of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to GC matrix vesicles and plasma membranes resulted in dose-dependent increases in ALPase and PLA2 specific activities in both membrane fractions. Addition of 24,25-(OH)2D3 to RC membrane fractions stimulated matrix vesicle ALPase at 10(-7) and 10(-8) M and plasma membrane ALPase at 10(-8) M only. However, 24,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited matrix vesicle and plasma membrane PLA2 activity. The effects of the vitamin D metabolites were noticed after both 3 and 24 h. Neither hormone metabolite had any effect on these enzymes in membrane fractions from cultures of neonatal rat muscle mesenchymal cells, which do not calcify their matrix in vivo. These data suggest that 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 can directly affect chondrocyte membrane enzymes without genomic influence or protein synthesis and that membrane response depends on the stage of chondrocyte differentiation. Changes in PLA2 activity may change membrane fluidity and may be a mechanism by which the hormones affect cell membranes.
Treatment of Vulvar Varicosities by Injection-Compression Sclerotherapy (1997)

We conclude that this technique has potential as a simple, effective way to treat symptomatic vulvar varicosities.
Activation and sensitisation of low and high threshold afferent fibres mediated by P2X receptors in the mouse urinary bladder (2002)

It has been proposed that extracellular ATP may be involved in visceral mechanosensory transduction by activating ligand-gated ion channels (P2X receptors). In this study, we have investigated the effects of the P2X(3) agonist alpha,beta-methylene ATP (alpha,beta-meATP) and antagonist 2',3'-O-trinitrophenyl-ATP (TNP-ATP) on pelvic afferents innervating the urinary bladder using an in vitro mouse bladder-pelvic nerve preparation. Intravesical application of alpha,beta-meATP (0.03-1 mM) increased multifibre discharges in a concentration-dependent manner. The agonist potentiated, whereas TNP-ATP (0.03 mM) attenuated, the multifibre responses to bladder distensions. Single-unit analysis revealed that both high threshold (HT) fibres (> 15 mmHg; known to be associated with nociception) and low threshold (LT) fibres (< 15 mmHg; probably associated with non-nociceptive events) could be induced to discharge by intravesical alpha,beta-meATP (1 mM, 0.1 ml). The response of the vast majority (21/22, 95.5 %) of HT fibres to bladder distensions was enhanced with a significantly reduced threshold and an increased peak response after exposure to the agonist. On the other hand, 59.7 % (46/77) of LT fibres showed a greater peak and a slightly reduced threshold for response to bladder distension in the presence of alpha,beta-meATP. An additional 11 'silent' fibres became mechanosensitive after exposure to alpha,beta-meATP. TNP-ATP (0.03 mM) did not affect the threshold of LT fibres, but it reduced the peak response of some (22/51, 43.1 %) LT fibres. Conversely, the antagonist resulted in a markedly elevated threshold and reduced peak activity in the majority (13/16, 81.3 %) of HT fibres. The results support the view that P2X(3) receptor-mediated mechanisms contribute to both nociceptive and non-nociceptive (physiological) mechanosensory transduction in the urinary bladder.
Fecal calprotectin concentration in patients with colorectal carcinoma (1998)

Measurement of fecal calprotectin may become a diagnostic tool in detecting colorectal carcinoma. The specificity in relation to colorectal carcinoma has not, however, been completely investigated. Both neoplastic and inflammatory conditions may be associated with elevated values; therefore, it is unlikely that calprotectin can predict specific colonic disorders.
Characterization of Heavy Metal Soaps by X-Ray Diffraction (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of Heavy Metal Soaps by X-Ray DiffractionR. D. Vold and G. S. HattiangdiCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 10, 2311–2320Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50478a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50478a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views541Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BIOTIN. IX.<sup>1</sup> A SYNTHESIS OF dl-DEHYDROBIOTIN (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBIOTIN. IX.1 A SYNTHESIS OF dl-DEHYDROBIOTINS. R. SAFIR, SEYMOUR BERNSTEIN, B. R. BAKER, W. L. McEWEN, and Y. SUBBAROWCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1947, 12, 3, 475–482Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01167a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01167a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reassurance Against Future Risk of Precancer and Cancer Conferred by a Negative Human Papillomavirus Test (2014)

Primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing (without concurrent Pap tests) every 3 years is under consideration in the United States as an alternative to the two recommended cervical cancer screening strategies: primary Pap testing every 3 years, or concurrent Pap and HPV testing ("cotesting") every 5 years. Using logistic regression and Weibull survival models, we estimated and compared risks of cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) for the three strategies among 1011092 women aged 30 to 64 years testing HPV-negative and/or Pap-negative in routine screening at Kaiser Permanente Northern California since 2003. All statistical tests were two sided. Three-year risks following an HPV-negative result were lower than 3-year risks following a Pap-negative result (CIN3+ = 0.069% vs 0.19%, P < .0001; Cancer = 0.011% vs 0.020%, P < .0001) and 5-year risks following an HPV-negative/Pap-negative cotest (CIN3+ = 0.069% vs 0.11%, P < .0001; Cancer = 0.011% vs 0.014%, P = .21). These findings suggest that primary HPV testing merits consideration as another alternative for cervical screening.
A new planar type dielectric resonator for microwave filtering (2002)

This paper is devoted to high electrical performance resonator realization for multilayer filter applications. A partially metallized substrate is shielded in a metallic cavity and excited by coplanar lines directly integrated on the dielectric resonator. This structure is suitable for high frequency filtering and power applications, and presents the advantage that it can be easily manufactured. Moreover, a new coupling technique without tuning is presented to realize a 2-pole filter. Experiments are performed to verify the theoretical design.
Real-time shaded colour polygon generation system (1987)

The paper describes a hardware architecture for a graphics system which can generate shaded, colour, perspective 2-dimensional images of complex 3-dimensional scenes, in real time. The architecture is capable of operating at the high pixel rates required to produce scenes on rasterscan displays with high spatial resolution (1280 H by 1024 V), high colour resolution (24-bit), and high refresh rate (60 Hz non-interlaced). The architecture of the pixel rate section is described in detail. The architecture is suitable for implementation using custom VLSI techniques.
Comparison of fixation protocols for adherent cultured cells applied to a GFP fusion protein of the epidermal growth factor receptor (1999)

The combined PFA/methanol protocol is universally applicable for the fixation of transmembrane and soluble cytoplasmic proteins and preserves the fluorescence of GFP.
Saving energy by means of dynamic load management in embedded multicore systems (2014)

Load balancing is widely used to optimize response times and throughput of software systems. When considering embedded systems, however, additional optimization goals like energy consumption become relevant. In this paper, we explore the use of load balancing in embedded multicore applications. We present extensions to three prominent load balancing schemes, enabling them to dynamically scale the number of active cores. We integrated the algorithms in a proprietary operating system targeting multicore embedded systems. Our evaluation, which is based on a telecommunication (VoIP) scenario, shows that a significant reduction in energy consumption is possible.
An Alternative Softmax Operator for Reinforcement Learning (2016)

A softmax operator applied to a set of values acts somewhat like the maximization function and somewhat like an average. In sequential decision making, softmax is often used in settings where it is necessary to maximize utility but also to hedge against problems that arise from putting all of one's weight behind a single maximum utility decision. The Boltzmann softmax operator is the most commonly used softmax operator in this setting, but we show that this operator is prone to misbehavior. In this work, we study a differentiable softmax operator that, among other properties, is a non-expansion ensuring a convergent behavior in learning and planning. We introduce a variant of SARSA algorithm that, by utilizing the new operator, computes a Boltzmann policy with a state-dependent temperature parameter. We show that the algorithm is convergent and that it performs favorably in practice.
A Dual-Mode Ground-Referenced Signaling Transceiver with a 3-Tap Feed-Forward Equalizer for Memory Interfaces (2020)

This paper describes a ground-referenced signaling (GRS) transceiver with a 3-tap feed-forward equalizer and low frequency mode. In the prototype transceiver, four DQ data lanes share one DQS clock-forwarding lane. To accommodate dynamic voltage and frequency scaling, the proposed transmitter operates in two modes depending on the frequency. The feed-forward equalizer's tap coefficients can be tuned by the pre-charged voltage levels and the number of activated segments. Fabricated in a 28-nm CMOS process, a single DQ block of the proposed GRS transceiver occupies 0.018 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The voltage margin and timing margin were 29.7 mV and 51.6 ps when the equalizer is turned on, but the eye diagram with the equalizer turned off was almost closed with a 13.6-dB channel at at 10 Gb/s. The transceiver achieves BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-13</sup> while dissipating 12.9 mW per lane from a 0.85-V core power supply and 1-V I/O power supply.
Taking Responsibility for Academic Integrity: A collaborative teaching and learning design (2012)

La Trobe University, like many Australian universities, states that it values honest academic endeavour (Academic Integrity Policy 2011), and it can provide examples of good teaching practice in the areas of academic integrity, proper acknowledgment and avoiding plagiarism. Rather than relying on the chance that individuals will just develop good practices, this university has recently taken a more systematic approach to teaching students and staff about academic integrity and providing resources to ensure a consistent message and application of acknowledgment conventions. This systematic approach was made possible through the University’s curriculum reform program, the Design for Learning. By positioning academic integrity and acknowledgment as issues of curriculum, La Trobe has created an educational opportunity and reduced the focus on punishment. Furthermore, the mandate to deliver academic integrity programmes to all commencing students and staff and to provide consistent guidelines supports the development of awareness that academic integrity is a whole of university responsibility – everybody’s responsibility. This paper reviews one university’s progress towards aligning academic integrity, with the intention to inform those who are interested in developing an integrated academic integrity education.