gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant Capacity of Water‐Extractable Arabinoxylan from Commercial Barley, Wheat, and Wheat Fractions (2014)

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to analyze the antioxidant capacity directly of water‐extractable nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) and feruloylated arabinoxylans (WEAX) following their characterization. NSP were isolated from barley, wheat, and wheat fractions (germ, bran, and aleurone). WEAX were extracted only from wheat fractions. Antioxidant capacity of NSP measured with the 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays was 24.0–99.0, 40.0–122.0, and 140.0–286.0μM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g, respectively. The antioxidant capacity of WEAX was 75.7–84.0, 58.0–105.0, and 110.0–235.0μM TE/g for those three assays. DPPH and ABTS were highly correlated to xylose content ( R 2 = 0.85), degree of substitution ( R 2 = −0.99), total phenolic acids ( R 2 = >0.73), total phenolic content (TPC) ( R 2 = >0.78), and ferulic acid content ( R 2 = >0.86). ORAC was only influenced by TPC ( R 2 = 0.63). By taking yield and antioxidant capacity into account, NSP would provide about 0.4–4.2, 0.6–5.1, and 2.8–12.0μM TE/g of flour of radical scavenging activity as measured by DPPH, ABTS, and ORAC, respectively, compared with WEAX (0.4–1.0, 0.3–1.3, and 0.6–2.8μM TE/g). Our results suggest that NSP or WEAX may play a role in protection against free radicals in a food matrix and likely in the gastrointestinal tract.
Increased expression of glycolysis‐associated genes in oncogene‐transformed and growth‐accelerated states (1989)

An accelerated rate of glucose transport and catabolism is a common characteristic of cellular transformation. We have previously found elevated expression of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in human pancreatic and colonic adenocarcinomas (Schek et al.: Cancer Res 48:6354-6359, 1988). To investigate further the expression of this enzyme in the process of tumorigenesis, we examined GAPDH expression in a panel of oncogene-transformed fibroblasts. Significant elevations of GAPDH mRNA and glucose transporter protein mRNA levels were observed in ras- and mos-transformed NIH 3T3 cells, whereas little or no change was found in c-src-, v-src-, c-myc-, E1A-, v-fos-, and PKC-gamma-transfected cells. Furthermore, the level of GAPDH mRNA correlated with the transformed state in a series of ras-transformed and revertant cell lines. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that GAPDH polypeptide was significantly elevated in the cell lines with elevated mRNA levels. Cell cycle analysis data suggested that the effect on GAPDH expression correlated with oncogene expression rather than cell growth fraction. These results suggest that altered GAPDH gene expression occurs during some growth deregulated states, and this, along with increased glucose transporter (and possibly other glycolytic enzyme) expression, is likely to contribute to the increased metabolic capacity of cells in these states.
recA protein binding to the heteroduplex product of DNA strand exchange. (1987)

Following DNA strand exchange, recA protein remains associated with the heteroduplex DNA product of the reaction. This association exists without significant changes (as measured by nuclease protection, topological state of the heteroduplex DNA, and rates of ATP hydrolysis) for at least 30 min after strand exchange is complete. The heteroduplex DNA is unwound as a result of this association to an extent at least as great as the unwinding observed when recA protein is bound to duplex DNA at pH 6.35. The extensive unwinding, in combination with the rates of ATP hydrolysis reported elsewhere, provide evidence that recA protein binding is contiguous throughout the heteroduplex DNA. This binding is disrupted upon challenge with heterologous single-stranded DNA, with rapid migration of recA protein to the challenging DNA. These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of recA protein-promoted branch migration.
Plastic shaping by means of IR heating and direct pellet molding (2006)

Abstract Plastic shaping was performed by means of the combination of IR heating and pellet softening in a semitransparent open mold. Three commercial thermoplastic materials were employed (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene, polyethylene, and polypropylene) and process curves were extracted depending on IR lamp power and interaction time. A simple exponential model was defined for the prediction of molded sample thickness and a master curve was built for all the materials. A scale factor was introduced depending on the IR lamp power and not on the material. Besides, the density of molded sample was monitored, obtaining in such conditions density values comparable to typical injection molded ones, even if a very low load was applied during pellet molding (10 N). POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:896–903, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
A New Method to Determine Tooth Positions and Dental Arch Dimensions (1972)

Peer Reviewed
Barium titanate nanoparticles: promising multitasking vectors in nanomedicine (2016)

Ceramic materials based on perovskite-like oxides have traditionally been the object of intense interest for their applicability in electrical and electronic devices. Due to its high dielectric constant and piezoelectric features, barium titanate (BaTiO3) is probably one of the most studied compounds of this family. Recently, an increasing number of studies have been focused on the exploitation of barium titanate nanoparticles (BTNPs) in the biomedical field, owing to the high biocompatibility of BTNPs and their peculiar non-linear optical properties that have encouraged their use as nanocarriers for drug delivery and as label-free imaging probes. In this review, we summarize all the recent findings about these 'smart' nanoparticles, including the latest, most promising potential as nanotransducers for cell stimulation.
Extrusion by Hydrostatic Pressure (Final Report to the United States Atomic Energy Commission for the Period July 1, 1960 through June 30, 1961) (1961)

Experimental extrusions were made from a container in which the billets were surrounded by a fluid under hydrostatic pressure. Copper, aluminum, mild steel, yttrium, and beryllium billets were extruded at room temperature at various reductions. Attempts to extrude at 900°F from a container filled with liquid lead were unsuccessful because of the failure of the containers at pressures greater than 100,000 psi. The pressures required for extrusion of copper and aluminum were approximately the same as were required for extrusion by conventional means.
Amino acid composition and nutritional evaluation of different Hypsizygus marmoreus samples (2016)

The content of crude protein and amino acid in five Hypsizygus marmoreus were analyzed.The nutritive values of the five samples were analyzed. The results showed that the content of crude protein were 19.32% ~31.79%,the content of total amino acids were 10.68% ~20.14%,the content of the total essential amino acids were4.05% ~7.05% in different samples.All the samples contained abundant of amino acids,especially the flavor amino acid of glutamic acid( 1.94% ~ 4.45%) and asparaginic acid( 1.04% ~ 1.81%). The model of total essential amino acids was close to the human body essential amino acid requirements. The samples were a good resource of lysine,leucine and phenylalanine + tyrosine,but lack of methionine + cystine that can be added by other food to improve the nutrition value.
Precoating of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene with polymethylmethacrylate: Interfacial strength (1998)

Fixation of polymeric implants, especially an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) acetabular cup, to a host bone site has been a challenge since its first conception from the Charnley low friction total hip arthroplasty. Destabilization of the acetabular cup, similar to the well-documented cases of femoral stems, is caused mainly by aseptic loosening; the mobile loosened particles further contribute to the progression of aseptic loosening. Although the obvious fixation problems lie in the bone-bone cement interface, little work has been done to reduce the loosening by improving the acetabular components as a whole in cemented procedures. Most of the grooved outer surface, external fixation devices, and metal backings have been introduced to avoid problematic fixation of the cup to bone cement; nevertheless, the designs themselves to some degree became the source of the loosening problems. One possible way to improve the adhesion of acrylic bone cement to the UHMWPE acetabular cup is precoating the surface with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). This study successfully precoated the UHMWPE surface with PMMA, showing good chemical and mechanical stability, and suggests the optimal conditions of variables involved in the newly developed precoating process. The highest interfacial tensile strength was 11.51 ± 0.65 MPa, which is stronger than those of UHMWPE and metal in metal-backed cups (6.3 MPa) and bone-bone cement (8.5 MPa). Further chemical analysis and mechanical testing are in progress, yet the present result of the mechanical tensile strength test showed that the precoating process for the UHMWPE surface could be a viable means toward stable fixation of the polymeric implants by using PMMA bone cement. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res (Appl Biomater) 43: 261–269, 1998
Adsorption of Carbon Dioxide onto Activated Carbon and Nitrogen-Enriched Activated Carbon: Surface Changes, Equilibrium, and Modeling of Fixed-Bed Adsorption (2009)

It has been reported that the CO2 adsorption capacity of the N-enriched activated carbon can increase or decrease. In this study a commercial activated carbon was functionalized with 3-chloropropylamine hydrochloride and its adsorption characteristics in a fixed-bed column were investigated. The N-enriched activated carbon presented lower BET surface area than the original activated carbon suggesting that the nitrogen incorporation partially blocks the access of N2 to the small pores. Although the surface basicity has increased it is not accomplished by an increase of the capacity of the adsorption of the N-enriched activated carbon. The breakthrough curves in a fixed bed column were obtained at different temperatures (301 K, 323 K, 373 K, and 423 K) and a total pressure of 1.01 bar using CO2 diluted in helium at two feed concentrations—10% and 20% (v/v). A model based on the Linear Driving Force (LDF) model for mass transfer was used to estimate the overall mass transfer coefficient and reproduced the breakthrough curves satisfactorily.
Fault modeling for MOS digital circuits using current limited switch (2003)

A fault model for MOS digital circuits is presented. Only two types of faults, and node-short and line-open, are needed to model hard physical failures occurring in MOS integrated circuits. Complicated failures are modeled as multiple-faults consisting of a number of faults of these two types. The model is isomorphic to realistic MOS circuits and can be used in simulating NMOS, CMOS, CVSL, DSLL, and dynamic MOS circuits. Three examples have been discussed and the results compared with outputs of circuit-level simulators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigating Sleep Disturbances in Adults With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2003)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and joint involvement. Most adults with RA experience sleep disturbances, including longer times before falling asleep, numerous awakenings during the night, and early morning wakening, resulting in excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue. This article will review what is known about sleep disturbances and the biologic basis in adults with RA, the influence of ovarian hormone levels in women with RA, how medications may influence sleep in RA, and complementary and alternative therapies that may be useful in reducing sleep disturbances.
Experimental Comparison of 64-QAM and Combined Geometric-Probabilistic Shaped 64-QAM (2017)

We present a novel format of combined geometric-probabilistic shaped QAM constellation. We measure about 1 dB sensitivity gain compared to conventional 64-QAM at 54.2 GBaud and 25% of overhead under different scenarios including back-to-back, single-channel and WDM transmissions.
Research on 3D Reconstruction and Segmentation of MRI Brain Image Sequences (2013)

To conquer the weakness of existing MRI brain image segmentation and 3D reconstruction,a novel segmentation and 3D reconstruction method of MRI brain image sequences is proposed.At first,the MRI brain images are initially processed by bilateral filtering.And then the text proposes the approaches of region growing and other algorithms to remove the skull of T1-weighted MRI images which contain eyes and the ones which don’t contain eyes,and the selection of the seed point is respectively manual selection and automatic selection.In order to extract the brain white matter accurately,the text adapts the approach of spatial fuzzy cluster to make cluster for tissue of the brain and adapts histogram automatic peak detection algorithm to determine the coordinates and number of the initial cluster centers.Finally the text uses regularized marching cube algorithm to make 3D reconstruction of the extracted brain white matter.Three MRI sequences of people are tested,the effect of the reconstruction is favorable which establish the foundation for subsequent quantitative analysis and visualization.
Gain and loss of phosphorylation sites in human cancer (2008)

In this study, we investigate the role of phosphorylation in somatic cancer mutations and inherited diseases. Somatic cancer mutation datasets were shown to have a significant enrichment for mutations that cause gain or loss of phosphorylation when compared to our control datasets (putatively neutral nsSNPs and random amino acid substitutions). Of the somatic cancer mutations, those in kinase genes represent the most enriched set of mutations that disrupt phosphorylation sites, suggesting phosphorylation target site mutation is an active cause of phosphorylation deregulation. Overall, this evidence suggests both gain and loss of a phosphorylation site in a target protein may be important features for predicting cancer-causing mutations and may represent a molecular cause of disease for a number of inherited and somatic mutations.
Endothelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation and Senescence in an Angiotensin II-Infusion Rat Model (2006)

The ability of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) to participate in endothelial repair is impaired by angiotensin II (Ang II) and other atherogenic factors. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Ang II on the differentiation and senescence of EPCs derived from bone marrow (BM-EPCs) in an Ang II-infusion rat model. Wistar rats (n=40) were infused with Ang II or vehicle, either alone or in combination with an Ang II type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) blocker (valsartan). Bone marrow cells were obtained from the tibias and femurs. Rats of the Ang II treatment group had a significantly lower number of differentiated, adherent BM-EPCs than those of the non-treated control group. Addition of valsartan restored the level of attached, differentiated BM-EPCs to the level in the non-treated controls. The number of senescent BM-EPCs, as assessed by acidic beta-galactosidase staining, was significantly greater in the Ang II-alone group than the control group, and addition of valsartan dramatically delayed the senescence of BM-EPCs in the Ang II-alone group. A polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-ELISA-based assay revealed that telomerase activity was significantly lower in BM-EPCs from the Ang II-alone group than in those from the control group, and addition of valsartan significantly augmented this activity. An MTS assay revealed that Ang II treatment significantly decreased the functional activity in BM-EPCs, and this effect was significantly reversed by valsartan. In conclusion, Ang II decreased the differentiation and accelerated the senescence of BM-EPCs via AT(1)R.
Enforcing high-level protocols in low-level software (2001)

The reliability of infrastructure software, such as operating systems and web servers, is often hampered by the mismanagement of resources, such as memory and network connections. The Vault programming language allows a programmer to describe resource management protocols that the compiler can statically enforce. Such a protocol can specify that operations must be performed in a certain order and that certain operations must be performed before accessing a given data object. Furthermore, Vault enforces statically that resources cannot be leaked. We validate the utility of our approach by enforcing protocols present in the interface between the Windows 2000 kernel and its device drivers.
Clustering and Diversifying Web Search Results with Graph-Based Word Sense Induction (2012)

Web search result clustering aims to facilitate information search on the Web. Rather than the results of a query being presented as a flat list, they are grouped on the basis of their similarity and subsequently shown to the user as a list of clusters. Each cluster is intended to represent a different meaning of the input query, thus taking into account the lexical ambiguity (i.e., polysemy) issue. Existing Web clustering methods typically rely on some shallow notion of textual similarity between search result snippets, however. As a result, text snippets with no word in common tend to be clustered separately even if they share the same meaning, whereas snippets with words in common may be grouped together even if they refer to different meanings of the input query. In this article we present a novel approach to Web search result clustering based on the automatic discovery of word senses from raw text, a task referred to as Word Sense Induction. Key to our approach is to first acquire the various senses (i.e., meanings) of an ambiguous query and then cluster the search results based on their semantic similarity to the word senses induced. Our experiments, conducted on data sets of ambiguous queries, show that our approach outperforms both Web clustering and search engines.
Passage of cows' milk protein in breast milk (1984)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been used to search for lactoglobulin and bovine casein in breast milk. Initial results suggest this may be a simple and useful method for such studies. Detection and prevention of antigen passage could influence the prevalence of atopic disease.
SALL4 Is a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (2009)

The diagnosis of testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) sometimes can be challenging without ancillary markers. Here we performed an immunohistochemical study of a novel stem cell marker SALL4 in a large series of 110 primary testicular GCTs (65 pure and 45 mixed) containing the following types of tumors and/or tumor components: 50 intratubular germ cell neoplasias (ITGCNs), 62 classic seminomas, 2 spermatocytic seminomas, 39 embryonal carcinomas (EC), 5 pediatric and 26 postpubertal yolk sac tumors (YST), 7 pediatric and 25 postpubertal teratomas, and 5 choriocarcinomas. We compared SALL4 with OCT4 in all GCTs, and SALL4 to alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and glypican-3 in all YSTs. To test SALL4 specificity, 23 testicular non-GCTs (10 Leydig cell tumors, 4 Sertoli cell tumors, 3 adenomatoid tumors, 3 paratesticular rhabdomyosarcomas, 2 diffuse large B-cell lymphomas, and 1 rete testis papillary cystadenoma) and 275 nontesticular tumors (158 metastatic carcinomas, 12 metastatic melanomas, 11 primary and 2 metastatic mesotheliomas, and 72 primary and 20 metastatic sarcomas) were also stained for SALL4. All ITGCNs, classic seminomas, and ECs demonstrated strong SALL4 and OCT4 staining in more than 90% tumor cells. All 31 YSTs (5 pediatric and 26 postpubertal) showed strong positive SALL4 staining in more than 90% tumor cells but had negative OCT4 staining. Both spermatocytic seminomas showed positive SALL4 staining in 80% to 95% tumor cells in all 3 types of tumor cells with weak-to-moderate staining intensity. Mononucleated trophoblastic cells were variably positive for SALL4 staining in all 5 choriocarcinomas. Focal SALL4 staining was seen in 4 of 7 pediatric and 23 of 27 postpubertal teratomas. OCT4 staining was not seen in any spermatocytic seminoma, choriocarcinoma, or teratoma. No SALL4 staining was seen in all 23 testicular non-GCTs. Of 275 nontesticular tumors, only 10 carcinomas and 1 sarcoma showed focal (<25% tumor cells) weak SALL4 staining. The only non-neoplastic cells within the testis stained with SALL4 were spermatogonia and few primary spermatocytes. AFP staining was seen in 29 of 31 YST but it was often focal and patchy. Although all 31 YSTs showed glypican-3 staining, 14 (45%) show staining in less than 30% tumor cells. Our findings indicate that SALL4 is a novel sensitive and relatively specific marker for testicular GCTs. SALL4 is a more sensitive marker than AFP and glypican-3 for YST.
Utilization of internal AUG codons for initiation of protein synthesis directed by mRNAs from normal and mutant genes encoding herpes simplex virus-specified thymidine kinase (1985)

Previous studies (H.S. Marsden, L. Haarr, and C.M. Preston, J. Virol. 46:434-445, 1983) have shown that at least three polypeptides, with molecular weights of 43,000, 39,000, and 38,000, are encoded by the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase (TK) gene. It has been suggested that the 39,000- and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides arise from preinitiation complexes bypassing the first and second AUG codons before commencement of translation since, according to previous work (M. Kozak, Nucleic Acids Res. 9:5233-5252, 1981), these codons are not of the most efficient structure for initiation. This possibility was investigated by using specific herpes simplex virus mutants with alterations in the TK gene. Mutant TK4 has an amber mutation between the first and second AUG codons, whereas mutant delta 1 has a deletion which removes the first AUG codon but leaves other AUG codons, as well as transcriptional promoter sequences, intact. Both mutants synthesized only the 39,000- and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides, and the amounts produced were normal in TK4-infected cells but increased in delta 1-infected cells. Furthermore, the levels of TK produced after infection with the mutant viruses correlated with the amounts of the 39,000- and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides synthesized. The 43,000-, 39,000-, and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides were shown to be related by their positive reaction with anti-TK serum in both immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting experiments. The production of the 39,000- and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides through bypassing of the first AUG codon was examined by hybrid arrest experiments with a DNA fragment complementary to only 50 bases at the 5' terminus of TK mRNA. This fragment arrested the synthesis of the 30,000- and 38,000-molecular-weight polypeptides when annealed to mRNA from wild-type HSV-1- or TK4-infected cells, showing that those polypeptides arise from an mRNA initiated upstream from the first AUG codon. mRNA from cells infected with mutant delta 1, which lacks DNA sequences upstream from the first AUG, was not affected by the 50-base-pair fragment. The data therefore confirm that three polypeptides encoded by the HSV-1 TK gene arise by differential use of in-phase AUG codons for the initiation of protein synthesis. This mechanism for the production of related but distinct polypeptides has not previously been demonstrated in a eucaryotic system, and the implications for the regulation of TK enzyme activities are discussed.