gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Is a Green Screen Really Necessary for Real-Time Portrait Matting? (2020)

For portrait matting without the green screen, existing works either require auxiliary inputs that are costly to obtain or use multiple models that are computationally expensive. Consequently, they are unavailable in real-time applications. In contrast, we present a light-weight matting objective decomposition network (MODNet), which can process portrait matting from a single input image in real time. The design of MODNet benefits from optimizing a series of correlated sub-objectives simultaneously via explicit constraints. Moreover, since trimap-free methods usually suffer from the domain shift problem in practice, we introduce (1) a self-supervised strategy based on sub-objectives consistency to adapt MODNet to real-world data and (2) a one-frame delay trick to smooth the results when applying MODNet to portrait video sequence. 
MODNet is easy to be trained in an end-to-end style. It is much faster than contemporaneous matting methods and runs at 63 frames per second. On a carefully designed portrait matting benchmark newly proposed in this work, MODNet greatly outperforms prior trimap-free methods. More importantly, our method achieves remarkable results in daily photos and videos. Now, do you really need a green screen for real-time portrait matting?
Fabrication, characterization, and analysis of a DRIE CMOS-MEMS gyroscope (2003)

A gyroscope with a measured noise floor of 0.02°/s/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2/ at 5 Hz is fabricated by post-CMOS micromachining that uses interconnect metal layers to mask the structural etch steps. The 1 × 1 mm lateral-axis angular rate sensor employs in-plane vibration and out-of-plane Coriolis acceleration detection with on-chip CMOS circuitry. The resultant device incorporates a combination of 1.8-μm-thick thin-film structures for springs with out-of-plane compliance and 60-μm-thick bulk silicon structures defined by deep reactive-ion etching for the proof mass and springs with out-of-plane stiffness. The microstructure is flat and avoids excessive curling, which exists in prior thin-film CMOS-microelectromechanical systems gyroscopes. Complete etch removal of selective silicon regions provides electrical isolation of bulk silicon to obtain individually controllable comb fingers. Direct motion coupling is observed and analyzed.
Model Simplification Through Refinement (2000)

As modeling and visualization applications proliferate, there arises a need to simplify large polygonal models at interactive rates. Unfortunately existing polygon mesh simplification algorithms are not well suited for this task because they are either too slow (requiring the simplified model to be pre-computed) or produce models that are too poor in quality. These shortcomings become particularly acute when models are extremely large. We present an algorithm suitable for simplification of large models at interactive speeds. The algorithm is fast and can guarantee displayable results within a given time limit. Results also have good quality. Inspired by splitting algorithms from vector quantization literature, we simplify models in reverse, beginning with an extremely coarse approximation and refining it. Approximations of surface curvature guide the simplification process. Previously produced simplifications can be further refined by using them as input to the algorithm.
Labeled Morphological Segmentation with Semi-Markov Models (2015)

We present labeled morphological segmentation-an alternative view of morphological processing that unifies several tasks. We introduce a new hierarchy of morphotactic tagsets and CHIPMUNK, a discriminative morphological segmentation system that, contrary to previous work, explicitly models morphotactics. We show improved performance on three tasks for all six languages: (i) morphological segmentation, (ii) stemming and (iii) morphological tag classification. For morphological segmentation our method shows absolute improvements of 2-6 points F 1 over a strong baseline.
Coupling of surface plasmons between two silver films in a Ag/SiO2/Ag plasmonic thermal emitter with grating structure (2008)

The reflection and emission spectra of Ag/SiO2/Ag trilayer plasmonic thermal emitters with different SiO2 thicknesses are investigated. The top Ag film is perforated with periodic slits. It is found that the coupling of surface plasmons at the top and bottom Ag/SiO2 interface results in the redshift in thermal emission peaks. In this Ag/SiO2/Ag plasmonic thermal emitter, the electromagnetic field exhibits either Fabry–Pérot resonance or propagating surface plasmons depending on the thickness of SiO2 layer. By varying the thickness of SiO2 layer, transition from localized to grating-coupled propagating surface plasmon modes is observed.
Distribution of Galanin-Like Peptide in the Rat Brain (2001)

Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a novel galanin-like peptide isolated from the porcine hypothalamus. To determine the distribution of GALP in the rat brain, we performed immunohistochemical studies using a monoclonal antibody toward the N-terminal sequence of GALP. GALP-immunoreactive neuronal cell bodies were observed only in the arcuate nucleus (Arc), which was further confirmed by in situ hybridization studies using digoxigenin-labeled antisense GALP riboprobe. Additional immunostained cells were found in the median eminence and infundibular stalk. The GALP neurons found in the Arc were further characterized by double label immunohistochemistry. More than 85% of the GALP neurons were immunostained with leptin receptor antibody. However, the GALP neurons and fibers found in the Arc were not labeled with α-MSH, somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, agouti-related protein, or galanin antibodies, indicating that GALP is found in neurons other than these known Arc neurons. Dense staining of GALP-containing fibers was found in the anterior parvicellular part of the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, in the ventral part of the lateral septal nucleus, and in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Relatively dense staining was noted in the medial preoptic area (MPA), and weak staining was noted in the periventricular hypothalamic nucleus. Detailed double labeling studies in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus demonstrated that GALP-containing fibers converged in a more rostral direction than did agouti-related protein-containing fibers. Furthermore, GALP-immunoreactive fibers were in close apposition with GnRH-immunoreactive fibers in the MPA and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and about 6% of GnRH-positive neurons in the MPA showed close contact with the GALP-immunoreactive fibers. Our findings indicate that GALP neurons, as leptin-responsive neurons, may participate in the regulation of feeding behavior and/or reproductive functions.
Advances in contrast enhancement for DLP projection displays (2003)

Abstract— Increased contrast ratios are essential to the continued success of DLP™ products in the marketplace, from rear‐projection televisions and home‐theatre systems to large venue displays and DLP Cinema™. The contrast of DLP projection systems has increased steadily over the past 5 years due to improvements in illumination and projection optics, as well as changes to the DMD itself. The authors will present an overview of the contrast performance of DLP projectors over time as well as describe illumination and projection techniques that optimize the performance of the DMD.
Camera characterization for face recognition under active near-infrared illumination (2009)

Active near-infrared illumination may be used in a face recognition system to achieve invariance to changes of the visible illumination. Another benefit of active near-infrared illumination is the bright pupil effect which can be used to assist eye detection. But long time exposure to near-infrared radiation is hazardous to the eyes. The level of illumination is therefore limited by potentially harmful effects to the eyes. Image sensors for face recognition under active near-infrared illumination have therefore to be carefully selected to provide optimal image quality in the desired field of application. A model of the active illumination source is introduced. Safety issues with regard to near-infrared illumination are addressed using this model and a radiometric analysis. From the illumination model requirements on suitable imaging sensors are formulated. Standard image quality metrics are used to assess the imaging device performance under application typical conditions. The characterization of image quality is based on measurements of the Opto-Electronic Conversion Function, Modulation Transfer Function and noise. A methodology to select an image sensor for the desired field of application is given. Two cameras with low-cost image sensors are characterized using the key parameters that influence the image quality for face recognition.
Ionic Conductivity of Cuprous Chloride Containing Cuprous Sulfide (1977)

The electrical conductivity of undoped cuprous chloride and cuprous chloride containing cuprous sulfide as an impurity in concentrations between 0.20 and 1.0 mole percent (m/o) has been measured as a function of temperature between 60° and 370°C using the a‐c method. The results have been analyzed to obtain the values of the energies of formation and migration, mobility of copper interstitial ions, and concentrations of Frenkel defects. The solubility limit of cuprous sulfide in cuprous chloride has also been determined by using electrical conductivity measurements and x‐ray diffraction.
Basilar-membrane nonlinearity estimated by pulsation threshold (2000)

The pulsation threshold technique was used to estimate the basilar-membrane (BM) response to a tone at characteristic frequency (CF). A pure-tone signal was alternated with a pure-tone masker. The frequency of the masker was 0.6 times that of the signal. For signal levels from around 20 dB above absolute threshold to 85 dB SPL, the masker level was varied to find the level at which a transition occurred between the signal being perceived as "pulsed" or "continuous" (the pulsation threshold). The transition is assumed to occur when the masker excitation is somewhat greater than the signal excitation at the place on the BM tuned to the signal. If it is assumed further that the response at this place to the lower-frequency masker is linear, then the shape of the masking function provides an estimate of the BM response to the signal. Signal frequencies of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 kHz were tested. The mean slopes of the masking functions for signal levels between 50 and 80 dB SPL were 0.76, 0.50, 0.34, 0.32, 0.35, and 0.41, respectively. The results suggest that compression on the BM increases between CFs of 0.25 and 1 kHz and is roughly constant for frequencies of 1 kHz and above. Despite requiring a subjective criterion, the pulsation threshold measurements had a reasonably low variability. However, the estimated compression was less than in an earlier study using forward masking. The smaller amount of compression observed here may be due to the effects of off-frequency listening.
Sulphotransferases acting on mucin-type oligosaccharides (2003)

This review summarizes the occurrence, properties and role in mucin O-glycosylation pathways of the various members of glycoprotein sulphotransferase families. Although a number of sulphotransferases have been cloned that act on mucin-type substrates in vitro, it is still difficult to determine exactly which enzymes are responsible for mucin sulphation in vivo. Sulphotransferases play a critical role in determining the chemical, physical and biological properties of mucins. Several of these enzymes have been shown to differ in expression and activity in cancer and inflammation.
The AUR1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes dominant resistance to the antifungal agent aureobasidin A (LY295337) (1995)

Aureobasidin A (LY295337) is a cyclic depsipeptide antifungal agent with activity against Candida spp. The mechanism of action of LY295337 remains unknown. LY295337 also shows activity against the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Generation of a mutant of S. cerevisiae resistant to LY295337 is reported. Resistance was found to reside in a dominant mutation of a single gene which has been named AUR1 (aureobasidin resistance). This gene was cloned and sequenced. A search for homologous sequences in GenBank and by BLAST did not elucidate the function of this gene, although sequence homology too an open reading frame from the Saccharomyces genome sequencing project and several other adjacent loci was noted. Deletion of aur1 was accomplished in a diploid S. cerevisiae strain. Subsequent sporulation and dissection of the aur1/aur1 delta diploid resulted in tetrads demonstrating 2:2 segregation of viable and nonviable spores, indicating that deletion of aur1 is lethal. As LY295337 is fungicidal and deletion of aur1 is lethal, aur1 represents a potential candidate for the target of LY295337.
A light-weight text image processing method for handheld embedded cameras (2002)

In the past few years we have witnessed the migration of cheap imaging devices into portable and mobile computing appliances such as PDAs and mobile phones. As these devices become ever more powerful in terms of processor speed and memory, new exciting applications and uses are being developed. A particularly useful one is the casual capture of text images for faxing, note taking, OCR, etcetera. This paper describes the image processing pipeline used to enhance images of text captured by a hand-held low-resolution camera, and a fast text extraction method. The main advantages of the approach are its inherent lightweight structure, speed and relative robustness under poor lighting and focus conditions. The computational efficiency (and a careful implementation) of the approach has allowed its deployment in an interactive-time text capture and foreign-text translation demo on a PDA with a VGA camera attachment.
Analogue spin–orbit torque device for artificial-neural-network-based associative memory operation (2016)

Abstract We demonstrate associative memory operations reminiscent of the brain using nonvolatile spintronics devices. Antiferromagnet–ferromagnet bilayer-based Hall devices, which show analogue-like spin–orbit torque switching under zero magnetic fields and behave as artificial synapses, are used. An artificial neural network is used to associate memorized patterns from their noisy versions. We develop a network consisting of a field-programmable gate array and 36 spin–orbit torque devices. An effect of learning on associative memory operations is successfully confirmed for several 3 × 3-block patterns. A discussion on the present approach for realizing spintronics-based artificial intelligence is given.
Phase I Studies of Hypericin, the Active Compound in St. John's Wort, as an Antiretroviral Agent in HIV-Infected Adults: AIDS Clinical Trials Group Protocols 150 and 258 (1999)

Hypericin caused significant phototoxicity and had no antiretroviral activity in the limited number of patients studied.
High-resolution circular ring positron tomograph with dichotomic sampling: Dichotom-I (1983)

The circular ring transaxial positron camera developed earlier was refitted with a new dichotomic sampling scheme and aperture collimators on the detector array to improve the sampling and the overall system resolution. The z-axis slice thickness collimators were also limited to 1 cm, which corresponds to a slice thickness of 0.5 cm FWHM. Two different types of aperture collimators were adopted for high resolution (HR) and very high resolution (VHR) imaging, respectively. In HR mode a resolution of 6.5 mm FWHM was obtained without appreciable degradation of overall sensitivity, which represents a threefold improvement in resolution over the original system. In phantom studies with HR mode a sensitivity of 4500 counts s-1 muCi-1 cm-3 was obtained for a 20 cm diameter uniform phantom filled with water. A VHR mode experiment was also conducted to observe the ultimate resolution capability of the Dichotom-I system, and a resolution of 4.2 mm FWHM was obtained at the expense of sensitivity which was reduced by a factor of four from the HR mode experiment. The experience gained with Dichotom-I suggests a relatively simple and inexpensive modification of the existing NaI(T1) ring positron cameras, most of which suffer from low resolution due to poor sampling and poor intrinsic detector resolution.
Intramolecular hydrogen abstraction. Hypervalent organoiodine compounds, convenient reagents for alkoxyl radical generation (1989)

The photolyses of 5α-cholestane-3β,6β-diol 3-acetate (1), 5α-cholestan-2β-ol (4), 5α-cholestan-4β-ol (8), (20R)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol 3-acetate (19), (20S)-pregn-5-ene-3β,20-diol 3-acetate (21), and dihydrotigogenin 3-acetate (25) in the presence of iodine and various hypervalent organoiodine compounds lead to alkoxyl radicals which undergo intramolecular hydrogen abstraction to produce, in most cases, 1,4-iodohydrins and tetrahydrofuran derivatives.
The O2-dependence of respiration and H2O2 production in the parasitic nematode <i>Ascaridia galli</i> (1988)

1. Respiration in the parasitic nematode worm Ascaridia galli was inhibited at O2 concentrations in excess of 255 microM, and an apparent Km,O2 of 174 microM was determined. 2. Mitochondria-enriched fractions isolated from the tissues of A. galli have much lower apparent Km,O2 values (approx. 5 microM). They produce H2O2 in the energized state; higher rates of H2O2 production were observed in the presence of the uncoupler carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone. 3. Antimycin A inhibited respiration in muscle tissue mitochondria by 10%, but had no effect on respiration in gut + reproductive tissue mitochondria; the major portion of respiration in both types of mitochondria could be attributed to an alternative electron-transport pathway. 4. o-Hydroxydiphenyl, an inhibitor of alternative electron-transport pathways, inhibits respiration by 98% and completely inhibits the production of H2O2 in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria; respiration and H2O2 production in muscle tissue mitochondria were inhibited by 90 and 86% respectively. 5. Another inhibitor of alternative electron transport, salicylhydroxamic acid, had the same effect as o-hydroxydiphenyl on H2O2 production and respiration in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria. However, its effect on muscle tissue mitochondria was complex; a low concentration (0.35 mM) stimulated H2O2 production, whereas 3 mM inhibited respiration by 87% and prevented H2O2 production completely. 6. The similarities between the apparent Km,O2 values for H2O2 production and respiration in muscle mitochondria and in gut-plus-reproductive-tissue mitochondria suggests that the site of H2O2 production on the alternative electron-transport chain is cytochrome 'o'. 7. These results are discussed in relation to potential O2 toxicity in A. galli.
Toward a New Gold Standard for Early Safety: Automated Temperature-Controlled hERG Test on the PatchLiner® (2012)

The Patchliner® temperature-controlled automated patch clamp system was evaluated for testing drug effects on potassium currents through human ether-à-go-go related gene (hERG) channels expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells at 35-37°C. IC(50) values for a set of reference drugs were compared with those obtained using the conventional voltage clamp technique. The results showed good correlation between the data obtained using automated and conventional electrophysiology. Based on these results, the Patchliner(®) represents an innovative automated electrophysiology platform for conducting the hERG assay that substantially increases throughput and has the advantage of operating at physiological temperature. It allows fast, accurate, and direct assessment of channel function to identify potential proarrhythmic side effects and sets a new standard in ion channel research for drug safety testing.
Arxula adeninivoransLS3 as suitable biosensor for measurements of biodegradable substances in salt water (1998)

A microbial amperometric sensor based on the yeast Arxula adeninivorans was tested to determine its suitability for measuring biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in salt water. The viability of cells immobilized onto the sensor membrane was hardly influenced up to 10% (w/v) NaCl in the sample, although the solubility of oxygen was affected. NaCl concentrations higher than 10% (w/v) caused a marked decrease in the oxygen solubility and deactivated the sensor. This outcome depended on the substrates used, e.g., alanine-, galactose- and acetic acid-sensor signals were influenced by any salt concentration whereas glucose-, glycerol-, maltose- and arginine-sensor signals were influenced only by higher salt concentrations. Sensor signals from yeast extract as well as glucose correlated with the quantity of these substances and with the salt concentration contained in the water. This correlation was linear up to 10% (w/v) NaCl and 0·125% (w/v) yeast extract or up to 10% (w/v) NaCl and 0·125% (w/v) glucose in the sample. The sensor signals are therefore influenced only by NaCl-determined solubility of oxygen and not by the physiological parameters of the immobilized cells. However, an increase of yeast extract- or glucose-concentrations in the presence of NaCl caused physiological effects on the sensor cells. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry
Highly concentrated bitumen emulsions. A state of the art, review of experimental results (2013)

Les emulsions concentrades o altament concentrades de betum son un camp molt poc estudiat avui en dia. El treball es un estat de l'art de tots els papers que hi ha sobre aquest tema desde el metode tradicional fins el HIPR (High Internal Phase Ratio).
Calcium Carbonate Precipitation in Bicarbonate Hemodialysis (1986)

Calcium carbonate has been observed to precipitate in the fluid pathway of dialysate delivery systems dispensing bicarbonate-containing dialysates. Such precipitation can occlude the fluid pathway, leading to system malfunction and increased maintenance requirements. We show that commercial supplies of sodium bicarbonate are contaminated by trace amounts of sodium carbonate. This contamination may result in immediate precipitation of calcium carbonate on formulation of the dialysate, since bicarbonate-containing dialysates, as formulated, are metastable with respect to calcium carbonate. Sparging of the bicarbonate-containing concentrate with carbon dioxide converts any carbonate to bicarbonate, thus avoiding the formation of precipitates on addition of calcium ions.
RMS, DC, peak, and harmonic currents in high-frequency power-factor correctors with capacitive energy storage (2003)

The RMS, DC, and peak currents for five important power factor correctors with capacitive energy storage are presented. The correctors are a boost power converter with average current control and hysteretic control, a buck-boost power converter with automatic control, and a buck power converter with pulse width modulation (PWM) sinewave line current and modified sinewave line current. In the calculation of the current in the storage capacitor of the boost corrector with average current control, the effect of switched load is taken into account and a simple solution is recommended to reduce that current. For those correctors where fully sinusoidal line current is not achievable the line harmonics are also determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>