gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active metasurface modulator with electro-optic polymer using bimodal plasmonic resonance (2017)

Electrically tunable metasurfaces have gained special interest as they can realize ultrathin surface-normal modulators in planar geometries. In this paper, we demonstrate a novel metasurface modulator based on electro-optic (EO) polymer that utilizes bimodal resonance inside a metallic subwavelength grating to increase the modulation efficiency. When two metal-insulator-metal (MIM) resonant modes are excited simultaneously inside the grating, they couple strongly to generate a sharp dip in the reflected spectrum. As a result, efficient intensity modulation with 15-dB extinction ratio can be obtained at the resonant wavelength under a small refractive index change of 8.5 × 10<sup>-3</sup>, corresponding to modulation voltage of less than 10 V. Due to the low parasitic capacitance of EO polymer and high conductivity of metallic gratings which is also used as the electrodes, the RC bandwidth of the device should easily exceed 100 GHz, potentially applicable to high-speed surface-normal modulators.
Single-Crystalline GdB<sub>6</sub> Nanowire Field Emitters (2005)

Having the lowest work function in the rare-earth hexaboride family, GdB6 nanowires of rectangular cross-section with about 50 nm in lateral dimension and several microns in length have been successfully produced using a CVD method. The nanowires are grown in the 001 lattice direction, and both the tip-top and the side surfaces are terminated with the {100} lattice planes. A GdB6 single nanowire field emitter has also been built with an emission current of more than 150 nA at an applied field of less than 3.2 V/mum. The work function of the nanowire emitter was estimated to be about 1.5 eV.
Acute tumour response to a bispecific Ang-2-VEGF-A antibody: insights from multiparametric MRI and gene expression profiling (2016)

Vanucizumab is a promising antitumour and antiangiogenic treatment, whose antivascular activity can be monitored using DCE and susceptibility contrast MRI. Differential gene expression in vanucizumab-treated tumours is regulated by the combined effect of Ang-2 and VEGF-A inhibition.
The effect of oral vitamin D supplementation on plasma 25 hydroxy vitamin D in institutionalized elderly patients in a subtropical climate–a twelve‐month follow‐up (1990)

Plasma 25 hydroxy Vitamin D (25 [OH]D) concentrations were studied in a group of 29 nursing home residents (age range 56 to 93 years) in a subtropical climate (Brisbane, Australia) before and after oral supplementation of 37.6 nmol of vitamin D per day over a 12‐month period. Eleven of the 29 subjects had pretreatment 25 ([OH]D) concentrations of less than 25 nmol/1. There was a significant rise in 25[OH]D concentrations from a baseline of 33.5 ±21.25 nmol/1 (mean±standard deviation) to 62.25±18 nmol/1 (P<0.001) while there was no significant change in calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase concentrations during the 12 months. In this population, the daily supplement was efficacious in correcting vitamin D deficiency and in no case was there biochemical evidence of toxicity.
In-situ stress changes of WSi/sub x/ film during polycide process sequence (2002)

In-situ stress changes of capped and uncapped sputtered tungsten silicide films were studied. In addition, film resistivity, grain size and film morphology as a function of temperature were examined. Rutherford backscattering (RBS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to determine film composition, morphology, and grain size. The stress characteristics were used to calculate activation energies for the phase change induced by high-temperature processing of these films. The activation energies for the transformation from the amorphous to the metastable hexagonal phase and from that to the stable tetragonal phase were determined to be 2.04 eV and 3.66 eV, respectively. The coefficient of thermal expansion was found to be identical for both the phases of tungsten silicide and was calculated to be 15.45E-6/ degrees C. The information reported in this study can be used to calculate the stress in the tungsten silicide film at every step of the polycide process sequence and to optimize the process conditions to minimize the stress in the film. The importance of the temperature of deposition of the cap oxide film is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mathematical and Synoptic Aspects of a Small-Scale Wave Disturbance Over the Lower Great Lakes Area (1967)

A squall line which crossed the lower Great Lakes area on 13 March 1963 is described. Characteristics of the squall line are compared to typical features of such phenomena deduced in other studies. The instability line was unusual in terms of the associated surface weather. It extended for a considerable distance over a low-level Arctic frontal zone and had a propagation speed and length-of-life in excess of typical values. The disturbance was found to conform closely to the equations developed by Goldie for internal gravity waves of a somewhat smaller scale. Favorable conditions for the development of such wave phenomena are discussed briefly, together with their possible implications in synoptic-scale analysis and forecasting.
Scattering by dielectric straps with potential application as target support structures (1989)

Electromagnetic scattering from thin dielectric straps is analyzed from the viewpoint of using dielectric straps as target support structures. It is shown that for this application, one can approximate the equivalent currents induced on the strap by those obtained using a two-dimensional model, which results in significant reduction in computation time. As a target support structure, a dielectric strap should have a low radar cross section (RCS) and very small biscattered fields. It is shown that the RCS of dielectric straps is quite low especially if the straps are oriented at a small angle relative to the incident planar wavefront and the incident wavefront illuminates the straps at or near edge-on. The bistatic scattering from dielectric straps is also significantly lower than that from conventional metal ogival pedestals. Thus, dielectric straps seem to be a good alternative as a target support.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In vivo</i> spectroscopy of jaundiced newborn skin reveals more than a bilirubin index (2005)

Reflectance spectroscopy is useful in assessing bilirubin concentrations before phototherapy, and can also reveal changes in skin parameters such as pigmentation occurring as a result of phototherapy.
Frequency Offset Estimation With Fast Acquisition in OFDM System (2004)

A new carrier frequency offset estimation scheme in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system is proposed. The carrier frequency offset estimation includes acquisition and tracking, and the acquisition range is as large as one half of overall signal bandwidth. The proposed tracking estimator is a maximum-likelihood estimator, and in AWGN channel, the Cramer-Rao lower bound is met at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); in multipath channel, the tracking algorithm works well at moderate SNR. Timing synchronization can be also performed during the course of acquisition.
Fusion Reactor Plasmas with Polarized Nuclei (1982)

Nuclear fusion rates can be enhanced or suppressed by polarization of the reacting nuclei. In a magnetic fusion reactor, the depolarization time is estimated to be longer than the reaction time.Received 25 May 1982DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1248©1982 American Physical Society
Anomaly detection in aircraft data using Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) (2016)

Anomaly Detection in multivariate, time-series data collected from aircraft's Flight Data Recorder (FDR) or Flight Operational Quality Assurance (FOQA) data provide a powerful means for identifying events and trends that reduce safety margins. The industry standard “Exceedance Detection” algorithm uses a list of specified parameters and their thresholds to identify known deviations. In contrast, Machine Learning algorithms detect unknown unusual patterns in the data either through semi-supervised or unsupervised learning. The Multiple Kernel Anomaly Detection (MKAD) algorithm based on One-class SVM identified 6 of 11 canonical anomalies in a large dataset but is limited by the need for dimensionality reduction, poor sensitivity to short term anomalies, and inability to detect anomalies in latent features. This paper describes the application of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) with Long Term Short Term Memory (LTSM) and Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) architectures which can overcome the limitations described above. The RNN algorithms detected 9 out the 11 anomalies in the test dataset with Precision = 1, Recall = 0.818 and F1 score = 0.89. RNN architectures, designed for time-series data, are suited for implementation on the flight deck to provide real-time anomaly detection. The implications of these results are discussed.
Air-Stable n-type Conductors and Semiconductors (2015)

Abstract : This report summarizes results supported by grant no. FA9550-12-1-0190. We report: 1. Development of new n-type dopants 2. Design rules and synthesis of high performance n-doped conducting polymers; 3. Fundamental understanding of organic semiconductors through tuning molecular packing and morphology; 4. Stretchable semiconductor and dielectric material development.
Acute and chronic electrical activation of baroreceptor afferents in awake and anesthetized subjects (2009)

Electrical stimulation of baroreceptor afferents was used in the 1960's in several species, including human beings, for the treatment of refractory hypertension. This approach bypasses the site of baroreceptor mechanosensory transduction. Chronic electrical stimulation of arterial baroreceptors, particularly of the carotid sinus nerve (Hering's nerve), was proposed as an ultimate effort to treat refractory hypertension and angina pectoris due to the limited nature of pharmacological therapy available at that time. Nevertheless, this approach was abandoned in the early 1970's due to technical limitations of implantable devices and to the development of better-tolerated antihypertensive medications. More recently, our laboratory developed the technique of electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve in conscious rats, enabling access to hemodynamic responses without the undesirable effect of anesthesia. In addition, electrical stimulation of the aortic depressor nerve allows assessment of the hemodynamic responses and the sympathovagal balance of the heart in hypertensive rats, which exhibit a well-known decrease in baroreflex sensitivity, usually attributed to baroreceptor ending dysfunction. Recently, there has been renewed interest in using electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus, but not the carotid sinus nerve, to lower blood pressure in conscious hypertensive dogs as well as in hypertensive patients. Notably, previous undesirable technical outcomes associated with electrical stimulation of the carotid sinus nerve observed in the 1960's and 1970's have been overcome. Furthermore, promising data have been recently reported from clinical trials that evaluated the efficacy of carotid sinus stimulation in hypertensive patients with drug resistant hypertension.
Seismic characterization of reservoirs with asymmetric fractures (2013)

ABSTRACT Variations of reflection amplitude with offset and azimuth are sensitive to the presence of natural and induced fractures. We tested inversion for fracture compliance matrix components from wide azimuth noisy synthetic PP-reflection data. The model was a fractured reservoir with monoclinic symmetry, formed by two sets of vertical asymmetric fractures embedded in a VTI background. The fractures (joints) were assumed to be vertical, with noncircular shape and/or with asymmetric shear compliance. Results of synthetic inversion showed that an incorrect assumption about fracture shear symmetry (e.g., treating asymmetric fractures as rotationally invariant fractures) can cause considerable error in estimation of the fracture compliance matrix. Components of effective second- and fourth-rank fracture compliance matrices for a medium with monoclinic symmetry (which takes into account layering and multiple fracture sets) can be used as attributes related to the characteristics of the fractured medium. Monte Carlo simulation was used to test the effect of uncertainties in the a priori information (about background VTI parameters of unfractured rock), as they affect inversion for these attributes. According to this analysis, the direction of fast shear-wave polarization was inverted robustly in the Monte Carlo simulation. Although the average values of the components of fracture compliance matrices obtained from Monte Carlo simulation were in agreement with the actual values used for forward modeling, individual values obtained in Monte Carlo simulation were sensitive to uncertainties in the background properties in general. Because the elastic properties of background VTI media without fractures (or other azimuthally variable features) do not cause azimuthal changes in reflection coefficient variation with offset, simultaneous inversion for background properties and fracture tensor components require additional constraints.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL À LUZ DO DIREITO FUNDAMENTAL AO MEIO AMBIENTE ECOLOGICAMENTE EQUILIBRADO (2015)

Neste artigo, analisam-se o meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado como direito fundamental e sua íntima ligação com o direito ao desenvolvimento sustentável. O desenvolvimento sustentável também deve ser visto como fundamental em razão da necessidade de adequar os ideais de preservação com o direito ao desenvolvimento; ou seja, deve visar à harmonia do desenvolvimento com a preservação dos recursos naturais para a presente e as futuras gerações, de tal forma que estas possam usufruir um meio ambiente sadio. Somente a harmonização de ambos (meio ambiente equilibrado e desenvolvimento econômico) vai possibilitar o desenvolvimento sustentável, que é colocado como meta constitucional e com vestes de direito fundamental no estudo em análise. Com base nesses dados, a pesquisa teve como suporte o método qualitativo e na sua construção utilizou-se a técnica da revisão bibliográficodocumental.
Influence of Molecular Weight on Molecular Ordering and Proton Transport in Organized Sulfonated Polyimide Thin Films (2015)

The effect of molecular ordering and ordered domain size on molecular weight dependent proton conductivity in well-organized sulfonated polyimide (SPI) thin films has been investigated using both low molecular weight (LMw, Mw = 1.3 × 104) and high molecular weight samples (HMw, Mw = 2.6 × 105). Analyses of the films by grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS) revealed that the HMw SPI film exhibits the higher degree of inherent liquid crystalline-like lamellar ordering, and that it is consistent with a preferential in-plane main chain packing. Such molecular ordering and the in-plane oriented structure can have considerable influence on the proton transport characteristics in thin films. The larger ordered domains in the HMw SPI thin film with a thickness of approximately 500 nm shows the significant proton conductivity enhancement to a value of 2.6 × 10–1 S/cm (at 25 °C and 95% relative humidity), which is more than an order of magnitude higher value than that of the smaller ordered domains in the LMw SPI thin film with less molecular ordering. The larger ordered domains in the HMw SPI thin film influence the conducting characteristics attributable to the fewer liquid crystalline-like domain boundaries relative to LMw SPI films because the smaller ordered domains in the LMw SPI thin film more obviously exhibit large-scaled domain boundaries, which can disrupt the fast ion transportation.
Starch Hydrolysis in Bean Leaves as Affected by Application of Growth- Regulating Substances (1940)

1. Lanolin emulsions containing various growth-regulating chemicals were sprayed on attached bean leaves and the plants were subsequently placed in darkness, together with controls. Quantitative analysis of the starch and dextrin content of the leaves showed that application of sprays containing indoleacetic, naphthaleneacetic, indolebutyric, indolepropionic, and naphthoxyacetic acids resulted in marked increase in the rate of starch digestion. Phenylacetic acid resulted in only a slight increase, while naphthalene acetamide had no noticeable effect. 2. Treatment of relatively old and mature leaves with these various chemicals either failed to stimulate, or inhibited to some extent, the hydrolysis of starch during a 12-hour period of darkness following treatment. 3. Application of these growth-regulating chemicals did not result in a noticeable increase in the rate of starch digestion in leaves kept at 62⚬-64⚬ or at 90⚬-92⚬, but was effective at 74⚬-76⚬ F. 4. The sugar content of leaves kept in darkness increased appreciably for a period of time following treatment with indoleacetic acid, a response previously observed in leaves treated with naphthaleneacetic acid.
Outer Membrane Proteins Derived from Non-cyanobacterial Lineage Cover the Peptidoglycan of Cyanophora paradoxa Cyanelles and Serve as a Cyanelle Diffusion Channel (2016)

The cyanelle is a primitive chloroplast that contains a peptidoglycan layer between its inner and outer membranes. Despite the fact that the envelope structure of the cyanelle is reminiscent of Gram-negative bacteria, the Cyanophora paradoxa genome appears to lack genes encoding homologs of putative peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane proteins and outer membrane channels. These are key components of Gram-negative bacterial membranes, maintaining structural stability and regulating permeability of outer membrane, respectively. Here, we discovered and characterized two dominant peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane proteins of the cyanelle (∼2 × 10(6) molecules per cyanelle). We named these proteins CppF and CppS (cyanelle peptidoglycan-associated proteins). They are homologous to each other and function as a diffusion channel that allows the permeation of compounds with Mr <1,000 as revealed by permeability measurements using proteoliposomes reconstituted with purified CppS and CppF. Unexpectedly, amino acid sequence analysis revealed no evolutionary linkage to cyanobacteria, showing only a moderate similarity to cell surface proteins of bacteria belonging to Planctomycetes phylum. Our findings suggest that the C. paradoxa cyanelle adopted non-cyanobacterial lineage proteins as its main outer membrane components, providing a physical link with the underlying peptidoglycan layer and functioning as a diffusion route for various small substances across the outer membrane.
Rapid Screening of the Endodermal Differentiation Potential of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (2017)

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) hold tremendous promise for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, toxicology screening, and developmental biology. These applications are hindered due to inherent differences in differentiation potential observed among different hPSC lines. This is particularly true for the differentiation of hPSCs toward the endodermal lineage. Several groups have developed methods to screen hPSCs for their endodermal differentiation potential (EP). Particularly notable studies include (i) the use of WNT3A expression as a predictive biomarker, (ii) an embryoid body-based screen, and (iii) a transcriptomics-based approach. We recently developed a rapid screen to access the EP of hPSCs solely based on morphological analysis. The screen takes 4 days to perform and yields results that are easy to interpret. As the screen is based on our recently developed small molecule protocol for hepatocyte like cell (HLC) differentiation of hPSCs, this method is extremely cost-effective compared to the aforementioned approaches. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Hydrostatic-Pressure Dependence of the Electronic Properties of V<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Near the Semiconductor-Metal Transition Temperature (1969)

The hydrostatic-pressure dependence of the electronic properties of V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ near the semiconductor-metal transition to a pressure of 40 kbar is described. The temperature dependence of the V${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ resistivity from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C through the semiconductor-metal transition temperature near 68\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C to approximately 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C at several pressures, and the pressure dependence of the resistivity at 26 and 74\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, are presented and discussed. It is shown that the transition temperature increases linearly with hydrostatic pressure at a rate of 0.082 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C/kbar, in agreement with the measured volume change and latent heat at the transition, as determined from the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This value is sample-independent within experimental error. Also, the conductivity activation energy in the semiconductor phase decreases linearly with hydrostatic pressure typically at a rate of between 1 and 2 mV/kbar, but varying significantly, depending on the sample. If the activated conductivity is due to an activated density of carriers, it is shown that, at a fixed temperature in the semiconductor phase, the carrier concentration must increase with pressure and the mobility must decrease with pressure. The results are compared with those expected on the basis of some of the published theories on semiconductor-metal transitions in solids.
Genetic regulation of nitrate assimilation in Klebsiella pneumoniae M5al (1989)

We isolated Mu dI1734 insertion mutants of Klebsiella pneumoniae that were unable to assimilate nitrate or nitrite as the sole nitrogen source during aerobic growth (Nas- phenotype). The mutants were not altered in respiratory (anaerobic) nitrate and nitrite reduction or in general nitrogen control. The mutations were linked and thus defined a single locus (nas) containing genes required for nitrate assimilation. beta-Galactosidase synthesis in nas+/phi(nas-lacZ) merodiploid strains was induced by nitrate or nitrite and was inhibited by exogenous ammonia or by anaerobiosis. beta-Galactosidase synthesis in phi(nas-lacZ) haploid (Nas-) strains was nearly constitutive during nitrogen-limited aerobic growth and uninducible during anaerobic growth. A general nitrogen control regulatory mutation (ntrB4) allowed nitrate induction of phi(nas-lacZ) expression during anaerobic growth. This and other results suggest that the apparent anaerobic inhibition of phi(nas-lacZ) expression was due to general nitrogen control, exerted in response to ammonia generated by anaerobic (respiratory) nitrate reduction.