gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-coercivity ultralight transparent magnets (2003)

Magnetic silica-aerogel composites have been synthesized by dispersing hard magnetic Nd2Fe14B particles in a sol during a fast sol-gel process and subsequently supercritically drying the resulting gels. The composites are found to retain most of the outstanding properties of their constituents: the large coercivity and moderate remanence of the magnetic powders and the transparency and low density of silica aerogels. Moreover, aerogels synthesized in the presence of a magnetic field exhibit the alignment of the particles, forming needle-like structures along the direction of the applied magnetic field, which results in optical and magnetic anisotropies. Due to their unique combination of properties, these types of materials may be appealing for magneto-optics and magnetic actuator applications.
Evolution of Experts in Question Answering Communities (2021)

Community Question Answering (CQA) services thrive as a result of a small number of highly active users, typically called experts, who provide a large number of high quality useful answers. Understanding the temporal dynamics and interactions between experts can present key insights into how community members evolve over time. In this paper, we present a temporal study of experts in CQA and analyze the changes in their behavioral patterns over time. Further, using unsupervised machine learning methods, we show the interesting evolution patterns that can help us distinguish experts from one another. Using supervised classification methods, we show that the models based on evolutionary data of users can be more effective at expert identification than the models that ignore evolution. We run our experiments on two large online CQA to show the generality of our proposed approach.
Development of a rapid colorimetric method for the determination of chlorogenic acid in freeze‐dried potato tubers (1992)

Abstract After‐cooking blackening (ACB) in potato cultivars results from the formation of complex compounds of chlorogenic acid and iron ions. At present the estimation of chlorogenic acid content represents the most reliable method for predicting the extent of ACB in material in a potato breeding programme to allow subsequent selection. A number of methods for determining chlorogenic acid levels, including high performance liquid chromatography, sodium nitrite and other colorimetric and chromatographic assays, are evaluated. A rapid screening method for the direct determination of chlorogenic acid levels is described, and its application within a breeding programme and the results obtained from a number of cultivars are discussed.
Broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists inhibit the growth of small cell lung cancer in vivo. (1992)

The proliferation of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells appears sustained by multiple autocrine and paracrine circuits involving Ca2+ mobilizing neuropeptides. Consequently, broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists which inhibit SCLC growth in vitro have been suggested as potential anticancer agents. Here we evaluated this hypothesis using xenografts of WX322 cells, a SCLC cell line that responds to multiple Ca2+ mobilizing neuropeptides. The broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists [Arg6,D-Trp7,9,MePhe8]substance P(6-11) and [D-Arg1,D-Phe5,Trp7,9Leu11[substance P were shown to inhibit the growth of WX322 xenografts in nude mice. Similar results were obtained with xenografts of the SCLC cell line H69. The results indicate that broad spectrum neuropeptide antagonists can inhibit the growth of SCLC in vivo and suggest that these antagonists could be useful in the treatment of SCLC.
The structure of phospholamban pentamer reveals a channel-like architecture in membranes (2005)

Contraction and relaxation of heart muscle cells is regulated by cycling of calcium between cytoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum. Human phospholamban (PLN), expressed in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane as a 30-kDa homopentamer, controls cellular calcium levels by a mechanism that depends on its phosphorylation. Since PLN was discovered approximately 30 years ago, extensive studies have aimed to explain how it influences calcium pumps and to determine whether it acts as an ion channel. We have determined by solution NMR methods the atomic resolution structure of an unphosphorylated PLN pentamer in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. The unusual bellflower-like assembly is held together by leucine/isoleucine zipper motifs along the membrane-spanning helices. The structure reveals a channel-forming architecture that could allow passage of small ions. The central pore gradually widens toward the cytoplasmic end as the transmembrane helices twist around each other and bend outward. The dynamic N-terminal amphipathic helices point away from the membrane, perhaps facilitating recognition and inhibition of the calcium pump.
A Game-Based Virtualized Reality Approach for Simultaneous Rehabilitation of Motor Skill and Confidence (2012)

Virtualized reality games offer highly interactive and engaging user experience and therefore game-based approaches (GBVR) may have significant potential to enhance clinical rehabilitation practice as traditional therapeutic exercises are often repetitive and boring, reducing patient compliance. The aim of this study was to investigate if a rehabilitation training programme using GBVR could simultaneously improve both motor skill (MS) and confidence (CON), as they are both important determinants of daily living and physical and social functioning. The study was performed using a nondominant hand motor deficit model in nonambidextrous healthy young adults, whereby dominant and nondominant arms acted as control and intervention conditions, respectively. GBVR training was performed using a commercially available tennis-based game. CON and MS were assessed by having each subject perform a comparable real-world motor task (RWMT) before and after training. Baseline CON and MS for performing the RWMT were significantly lower for the nondominant hand and improved after GBVR training, whereas there were no changes in the dominant (control) arm. These results demonstrate that by using a GBVR approach to address a MS deficit in a real-world task, improvements in both MS and CON can be facilitated and such approaches may help increase patient compliance.
Comparison of oral and infrared auditory canal thermometry in sports participants (1998)

To investigate whether recently developed infrared auditory canal thermometers, which offer numerous advantages over conventional oral glassmercury thermometers, provide measurements equivalent to those of the oral glass-mercury thermometers before and after exercise.
A Novel Carrier Suppression Method for RFID (2009)

When passive RFID tags are used, RFID readers need to transmit a constant carrier, during uplink communication to provide sufficient operating power to the tag. This high power carrier with its associated noise, limits the receiver sensitivity and, hence, the possible reading range. This letter proposes a new way to cancel the received carrier. The topology, based on a directional coupler and a reflective vector modulator, has a very small area consumption and is very attractive to use with integrated reader ICs. The principle of operation as well as the noise contribution of the circuit itself are discussed.
Silicone-Based Tissue-Mimicking Phantom for Needle Insertion Simulation (2014)

Silicone-based tissue-mimicking phantom is widely used as a surrogate of tissue for clinical simulators, allowing clinicians to practice medical procedures and researchers to study the performance of medical devices. This study investigates using the mineral oil in room-temperature vulcanizing silicone to create the desired mechanical properties and needle insertion characteristics of a tissue-mimicking phantom. Silicone samples mixed with 0, 20, 30, and 40 wt. % mineral oil were fabricated for indentation and needle insertion tests and compared to four types of porcine tissues (liver, muscle with the fiber perpendicular or parallel to the needle, and fat). The results demonstrated that the elastic modulus and needle insertion force of the phantom both decrease with an increasing concentration of mineral oil. Use of the mineral oil in silicone could effectively tailor the elastic modulus and needle insertion force to mimic the soft tissue. The silicone mixed with 40 wt. % mineral oil was found to be the best tissue-mimicking phantom and can be utilized for needle-based medical procedures.
Electron spin resonance study of a temperature sensitive magnetic fluid (2000)

Electron spin resonance spectra of a temperature sensitive magnetic fluid involving polydispersed Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 ferrite particles are scanned from 200 to 400 K. For such a polydispersed system, the deconvolutions of the spectra suggest coexistence of two different resonance modes: (i) a broad line due to ferrimagnetic resonance and (ii) a sharp line at g=2 due to intrinsic superparamagnetic phase. From the intensity variation of the line at g=2, it is found that the contribution due to the superparamagnetic phase increases with temperature. A study of peak-to-peak linewidth variation with temperature indicates that the weakening of the magnetic moment is responsible for the observed reduction in the linewidth.
An enhanced RLC/MAC design for supporting integrated services over EGPRS (2002)

We examine the feasibility of supporting integrated services, such as packet voice, Web browsing, and best-effort data, using Enhanced General Packet Radio Services (EGPRS). Among many factors that need to be considered, we focus on enhancing the radio link control/medium access control (RLC/MAC) layer design to support such services. We first describe the relevant capabilities offered by the current standard, and then outline additional capabilities that are needed at RLC/MAC layer to support real-time services. In summary, these needed capabilities are: (1) fast uplink access during an ongoing session; (2) fast resource assignment for both uplink and downlink; and (3) the ability to differentiate services at the base station sub-system. To realize these capabilities, we propose enhancements to the RLC/MAC layer, including: (1) a new set of packet control channels; (2) uplink access protocols that utilize these control channels; and (3) a new access request identifier. These changes would enable EGPRS to offer a wide range of services through a single packet based network.
Linear growth of very young asthmatic children treated with high‐dose nebulized budesonide (1996)

The aim of this open study was to observe linear growth in young children with asthma treated with nebulized budesonide. Infants and young children (< 3 years old) with severe uncontrolled asthma were studied. They were treated with nebulized budesonide (1-4 mg day-1) and treated for at least 6 months. Height standard deviation scores (HtSDS) were measured before ("pre-measurements") immediately prior to commencing nebulized budesonide therapy (baseline) and after at least 6 months of therapy ("post-measurements"). The mean HtSDS score at pretreatment was -0.21 and at baseline had fallen further to -0.46. The mean HtSDS increased to -0.17 when the post-measurements were made (p = 0.035) after at least 6 months of nebulized budesonide therapy. Treatment with nebulized budesonide for longer than 6 months in very young children with severe asthma was not associated with reduced linear growth.
Old English colour classification: where do matters stand? (1974)

Various attempts have been made by Anglo-Saxonists to deal with the Old English colour vocabulary but the subject remains far from clear. In the present article I shall try to show some of the reasons why this is so and offer a re-interpretation of the Old English colour words as a system , treating the Anglo-Saxons simply as a standard ethnographic corpus of anthropological data and therefore amenable to the techniques applied to those present-day communities that are the concern of the anthropologist.
A Christian method of moral judgment [review] / J. Philip Wogamanc. (1979)

SEMINARY STUDIES(pp. 76-79) provides a list of data concerning the rulers, together with Scripture references and dates; and Appendix C (pp. 80 -85) furnishes coordinations between ancient astronomically established years and the dates of the Hebrew kings.There is a short glossary of terms (pp.87-89), which is obviously a useful inclusion in a book of this sort.A general index is lacking, but the Scripture index (pp.91-93) will in any event probably prove more helpful for locating the type of information desired from this kind of publication.Although this particular volume is much shorter than Thiele's Mysterious Numbers, it covers the essentials of the subject very well.In fact, it is truly amazing that so complex and extensive a subject could be treated in such a clear and effective manner in a book of fewer than 100 pages!
Study on predictive functional control of an expansion valve for controlling the evaporator superheat (2008)

A new method is proposed to control the evaporator superheat with an electronic expansion valve. The conventional proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control with invariable parameters cannot show good performance because of the variation of refrigeration unit parameters under disturbances. To solve this problem, this paper presents a method for the use of predictive functional controllers (PFCs) on superheat of an evaporator. This method is based on a physical model of the appliance studied to allow calculation of parameters needed for the use of PFCs. The control system created is incorporated into an industrial programmable logic controller and used for experiments on a refrigerating machine containing a shell and tubes evaporator with R410A as refrigerant fluid. The comparison between the two types of controller, i.e. PID and PFC, indicates that superheat may be more efficiently controlled by using the latter type of controller: the setting value is only slightly exceeded, there are only small oscillations of measured superheat, and the energy efficiency of the refrigeration unit may be improved.
Enhanced Optimal Torque Control of Fault-Tolerant PM Machine Under Flux-Weakening Operation (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper describes an enhanced optimal-torque-control strategy for fault-tolerant permanent-magnet (PM) machines under flux-weakening operations. By adjusting the degree of flux weakening according to estimated instantaneous-torque-control errors, the torque-control performance of the machine can be improved when operating above its base speed under either open- or short-circuit fault condition. Extensive simulations under both healthy and fault conditions have been undertaken in order to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. Experimental results have also been given based on the testing of a prototype five-phase fault-tolerant PM machine. </para>
A general and sensitive method for staining DNA and RNA blots (1986)

The correct india ink concentration for staining is 0.1 % (v/v), not 0.01 % (v/v) as stated in the original publication. This higher concentration is essential for performance of the method.
FAST-Net optical interconnection prototype demonstration (1999)

The first prototype of the free-space accelerator for switching terabit networks (FAST-Net) program is described. The optical interconnection module consists of an array of matched high-resolution, wide-angle (f/1.1) imaging lenses that effect a global point-to-point shuffle link pattern across a multichip smart pixel array. A mirror is used to fold the shuffled links back onto the array to facilitate single-plane multichip packaging and simplified opto-mechanical alignment. The test system incorporates several monolithically integrated two-dimensional arrays of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors (PDs) in the multichip plane. In initial experiments the prototype showed good overall optical efficiency and sufficient channel separation for VCSEL/PD arrays with pitches as small as 100 m. These results suggest that high bisection bandwidth optical free-space interconnection fabrics are feasible for high-throughput switching and multiprocessor applications.
Efficient Light-to-Electrical Energy Conversion with Dithiocarbamate−Ruthenium Polypyridyl Sensitizers (1998)

New Ru(dcbH)(dcbH(2))(L) sensitizers, where L is diethyldithiocarbamate, dibenzyldithiocarbamate, or pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate, dcbH is 4-(COOH)-4'-(COO(-))-2,2'-bipyridine, and dcbH(2) is 4,4'-(COOH)(2)-2,2'-bipyridine, have been synthesized, characterized, and anchored to nanocrystalline TiO(2) films for light to electrical energy conversion in regenerative photoelectrochemical cells with I(-)/I(2) acetonitrile electrolyte. The sensitizers have intense metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands centered approximately 380 and 535 nm that sensitize TiO(2) over a notably broad spectral range. The photophysical and photoelectrochemical studies of these materials are contrasted with cis-Ru(dcbH(2))(2)(NCS)(2), which is one of the most efficient sensitizers reported to date. Photophysical measurements show that the high photocurrent observed for cis-Ru(dcb)(2)(NCS)(2)/TiO(2) is due to efficient and rapid iodide oxidation.
A Portable Rod-and-Frame Apparatus (1968)

A portable rod-and-frame test is described. Scores on the portable apparatus correlated .89 ( n = 163) with scores obtained on Witkin's original rod-and-frame test.
Inhibition of cell growth and telomerase activity of breast cancer cells in vitro by 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine. (1998)

The effect of zidovudine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine; AZT) was investigated in four breast cancer cell lines, a T4 cell leukemia, and a normal breast cell line in vitro. AZT inhibited the growth of all tumoral cell lines, but it did so in a wide range of concentrations. The growth of a normal breast cell line was also inhibited, although it required a much higher concentration. Furthermore, AZT inhibited colony formation in soft agar and telomerase activity. These results indicated that AZT can be potentially used, alone or in combination, as an anti-breast cancer agent.
Analysis of x-ray reflectivity data from low-contrast polymer bilayer systems using a Fourier method (2000)

X-ray reflectivity data of polymer bilayer systems have been analyzed using a Fourier method which takes into account different limits of integration in q-space. It is demonstrated that the interfacial parameters can be determined with high accuracy although the difference in the electron density (the contrast) of the two polymers is extremely small. This method is not restricted to soft-matter thin films. It can be applied to any reflectivity data from low-contrast layer systems.
Design of a MEMS speaker driver (2018)

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have already found widespread use in highly integrated audio applications. Currently, they are used for microphones where their small size has enabled the use of multiple microphones in a single device to improve noise cancellation. Nowaday, even loudspeakers realized as MEMS structures are possible, which brings up new challenges in circuit design that are the focus of this paper. Starting with an overview of current research activities of MEMS speakers, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the peculiarities of the driver design are discussed. Compared to electrodynamic speakers, MEMS speakers have a different physical structure which needs to be accounted for when designing the driving circuitry. Possible driver concepts are presented and compared with special consideration of their efficiency and audio quality. Existing concepts are shown and new concepts are proposed.
Pressure sensitivity amplification in interferometric fiber optic hydrophones (1979)

The induced optical phase change when a pressure is applied to a fiber optic hydrophone is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The induced phase change is calculated both with and without a plastic jacket around the glass fiber. It is shown that the phase change predicted from a detailed three-dimensional analysis can be adequately described in terms of the much simpler two-dimensional generalized plane strain approximation. Sensitivities calculated assuming hydrostatic boundary conditions are shown to correspond closely in value with static pressure-sensitivity measurements. The application of a plastic jacket can substantially increase the pressure sensitivity of the fiber. The increased phase shift is due primarily to the tendency of the jacket to increase the axial strain experienced by the glass fiber. It is predicted that maximum pressure sensitivity (up to 30 times that of the bare fiber) will be achieved by jacketing with Teflon.
Distortion in rotating tap weight transversal filters (1979)

The distortion factors which presently limit the dynamic range and usability of transversal filters are described. In addition to fixed pattern noise and harmonic distortion, interaction noise due to rotation of the taps is found to be a major factor. The dynamic range of the device is analyzed and statistically estimated, with experimental verification.
Formation of Hexagonal Columnar Mesophases by Linear and Branched Oligo- and Polyamides (1996)

The formation of columnar mesophases by N-acylated azacrown derivatives may be seen as a consequence of their discoid molecular geometry. Viewing these materials as cyclic oligomers, they are just one example of the various molecular architectures that may be realized based on the N-acylated ethylenamine fragment. By using linear oligoamides, the hexagonal columnar packing is preserved, the monotropic nature of the mesophase reflecting the higher flexibility of the systems. The corresponding polymers are accessible by polymer analogous acylation of linear poly(ethylenimine), in which a high conversion of the amino groups and a low polydispersity of the final polymers can be achieved. The resulting polyamides form enantiotropic mesophases with a hexagonal columnar structure proven by polarizing microscopy, DSC investigations, and X-ray studies. A helically folded structure of the polymer main chain is proposed whereby this structural motif is probably induced by the packing of the alkyl side chains. Based on side group variations, it was found that the 3,4-bis(alkyloxy)benzoyl side group particularly matches the conformative requirements of the polymer main chain for the formation of a columnar structure. Furthermore, a hexagonal columnar mesophase was observed for a non-symmetrically substituted cinnamoyl side group. Whereas in the case of linear polymers the mesophase is stabilized at higher molecular weights, in the case of branched polyamides the enhanced degree of branching disturbs the chain packing. In the same sense, the introduction of chiral groups both in the polymer main chain and in the side-chain region disturbs the packing into an ordered columnar structure. A monotropic mesophase was found for a regularly branched oligoamide with a presumably discoid molecular structure.