gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 600 &#x003BC;W readout circuit with potentiostat for amperometric chemical sensors and glucose meter applications (2007)

This paper presents a low power electrochemical interface circuit for amperometric sensors. The readout circuit with potentiostat design maintains a constant bias potential between the reference and working electrodes using one operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and four MOS transistors. Redox currents from 1 to 50 μA can be measured by the readout circuit with maximum nonlinearity of plusmn1 percent over the aforementioned range. The micro instrument has been implemented in 0.35 μm TSMC CMOS technology that consumes only 600 μW of power and occupies a small area of 0.16 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Chip test results emulate the simulation results with good agreement and confirm the effectiveness of the designed system.
Mechanism for the Enzymatic Formation of 4-(β-<scp>d</scp>-Ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5‘-Phosphate during the Biosynthesis of Methanopterin (1998)

A central step in the biosynthesis of the modified folate methanopterin is the condensation of p-aminobenzoic acid (pAB) and 5-phospho-alpha-D-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) which produce 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)aminobenzene 5'-phosphate (beta-RFA-P) [White, R. H. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 3447-3456]. This reaction, catalyzed by the enzyme beta-RFA-P synthase, is unique among known phosphoribosyltransferases in that a decarboxylation of one of the substrates (pAB) occurs during the reaction and a C-riboside rather than an N-riboside is the product. In this work, the reaction catalyzed by the enzyme from Methanosarcina thermophila is shown to be analogous to other phosphoribosyltransferase reactions in that pyrophosphate is released as a product of the reaction, which is dependent upon magnesium ions. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 65 000 using gel filtration chromatography, and the pH optimum was 4.8. Kinetic analysis indicated that the reaction involved a sequential pattern of substrate binding. Benzoic acid and several para-substituted benzoic acids inhibited beta-RFA-P synthase activity, while aniline, 4-aminobenzamide, and the methyl ester of pAB did not, indicating that an ionized carboxylic group plays a role in the binding of pAB. The observation that the enzyme was not inhibited by carbonyl reagents and that 4-hydroxybenzoic acid served as an alternate substrate, producing 4-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)hydroxybenzene 5'-phosphate as the product, indicated that pyridoxal phosphate was not directly involved in the reaction mechanism. Incubation of the enzyme with PRPP and either pAB or 4-aminothiobenzoic acid in the presence of sodium cyanoborohydride led to the decreased production of beta-RFA-P and the accumulation of a reduced form of the proposed cyclohexadienimine reaction intermediates. These compounds were characterized by their acid-catalyzed decomposition which produces beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzene 5'-phosphate. On the basis of these results, a concerted mechanism is proposed for beta-RFA-P synthase in which an SN1-like reaction produces oxonium ion character at C-1 of PRPP which undergoes an ipso electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction at the carboxylic acid-bound carbon of pAB. Decarboxylation of the resulting cyclohexadienimine intermediate leads to the formation of beta-RFA-P.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a comprehensive clinicopathologic classification (2006)

Abstract: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) includes many subtypes with widely varying clinical behaviors, ranging from indolent to aggressive tumors with significant metastatic potential. However, the tendency for pathologists and clinicians alike is to refer to all squamoid neoplasms as generic SCC. No definitive, comprehensive clinicopathological system dividing cutaneous SCCs into categories based upon their aggressiveness has yet been promulgated. Therefore, we have proposed the following based upon the malignant potential of SCC variants, separating them into categories of low (≤2% metastatic rate), intermediate (3–10%), high (greater than 10%), and indeterminate behavior. Low‐risk SCCs include SCC arising in actinic keratosis, HPV‐associated SCC, tricholemmal carcinoma, and spindle cell SCC (unassociated with radiation). Intermediate‐risk SCCs include adenoid (acantholytic) SCC, intraepidermal epithelioma with invasion, and lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma of the skin. High‐risk subtypes include de novo SCC, SCC arising in association with predisposing factors (radiation, burn scars, and immunosuppression), invasive Bowen's disease, adenosquamous carcinoma, and malignant proliferating pilar tumors. The indeterminate category includes signet ring cell SCC, follicular SCC, papillary SCC, SCC arising in adnexal cysts, squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma, and clear‐cell SCC. Subclassification of SCC into these risk‐based categories, along with enumeration of other factors including tumor size, differentiation, depth of invasion, and perineural invasion will provide prognostically relevant information and facilitate the most optimal treatment for patients.
Replacement of a Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent Phosphotransferase by a Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide-linked Dehydrogenase for the Utilization of Mannitol (1967)

Mannitol is dissimilated by Aerobacter aerogenes via an inducible pathway initiated by a phosphotransferase system dependent upon phosphoenolpyruvate as the phosphoryl donor. A mutational block in this pathway can be suppressed either at the phenotypic level by induction of d-arabitol dehydrogenase, an enzyme fortuitously capable of converting mannitol to fructose, or genotypically by a constitutive mutation in the d-arabitol system.
Identification of a New Variable Sequence in the P1 Cytadhesin Gene of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> : Evidence for the Generation of Antigenic Variation by DNA Recombination between Repetitive Sequences (1999)

A Mycoplasma pneumoniae cytadhesin P1 gene with novel nucleotide sequence variation has been identified. Four clinical strains of M. pneumoniae were found to carry this type of P1 gene. This new P1 gene is similar to the known group II P1 genes but possesses novel sequence variation of approximately 300 bp in the RepMP2/3 region. The position of the new variable region is distant from the previously reported variable regions known to differ between group I and II P1 genes. Two sequences closely homologous to this new variable region were found within the repetitive sequences outside the P1 gene of the M. pneumoniae M129 genome. This suggests that the new P1 gene was generated by DNA recombination between repetitive sequences and the P1 gene locus. The finding of this new type of P1 gene supports the hypothesis that the repetitive sequences of the M. pneumoniae genome serve as a reservoir to generate antigenic variation of the cytadhesin P1 gene.
The extended Rayleigh theory of the oscillation of liquid droplets (1981)

The Rayleigh theory of oscillation of liquid drops is extended to include the effects of viscosity and a uniform external electric field. The resonant frequencies of the modes of the drop are shown to be shifted by the electric field. The magnitude and sign of the frequency shift depends on the dielectric constant of the drop. The condition for instability of drops in large electric fields is given and found to differ from that given by previous workers. This difference is attributed to the assumption by previous workers that the drops, under the influence of an electric field, distort into ellipsoids of revolution about the field direction. The dynamical equations are derived and the solution for small oscillations is given in an oscillating field and in an amplitude-modulated optical field.
Pteridines. IX. Some pteridine isomers of triamterene (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPteridines. IX. Some pteridine isomers of triamtereneJoseph Weinstock and Roberta Y. DunoffCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1968, 11, 3, 565–568Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00309a033RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (557 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Word unit based multilingual comparative analysis of text corpora (2001)

Parallel study of three very different languages - Hungarian. German and English - using text corpora of a similar size gives a possibility for the exploration of both similarities and differences. Corpora of publicly available Internet sources was used. The corpus size was the same (app. 20Mbytes, 2.5-3.5 million word forms) for all languages. Besides traditional corpus coverage, word length and occurence statistics, some new features about prosodic boundaries (sentence beginning and final positions, preceding and following a comma) were also computed. Among others, it was found, that the coverage of corpora by the most frequent words follows a parallel logarithmic rule for all languages in the 40-85% coverage range. The functions are much nearer for English and German than for Hungarian. The results can be applied in such diverse domains as predictive text input, word hyphenation, language modeling in speech recognition, corpus-based speech synthesis, etc.
Top-Down ESI-ECD-FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Localizes Noncovalent Protein-Ligand Binding Sites (2006)

Mass spectrometry (MS) with electrospray ionization (ESI) has the capability to measure and detect noncovalent protein-ligand and protein-protein complexes. However, information on the sites of ligand binding is not easily obtained by the ESI-MS methodology. Electron capture dissociation (ECD) favors cleavage of covalent backbone bonds of protein molecules. We show that this characteristic of ECD translates to noncovalent protein-ligand complexes, as covalent backbone bonds of protein complexes are dissociated, but the noncovalent ligand interaction is retained. For the complex formed from 140-residue, 14.5 kDa alpha-synuclein protein, and one molecule of polycationic spermine (202 Da), ECD generates product ions that retain the protein-spermine noncovalent interaction. Spermine binding is localized to residues 106-138; the ECD data are consistent with previous solution NMR studies. Our studies suggest that ECD mass spectrometry can be used to determine directly the sites of ligand binding to protein targets.
DevOps for Developers (2012)

<em>DevOps for Developers </em>delivers a practical, thorough introduction to approaches, processes and tools to foster collaboration between software development and operations. Efforts of Agile software development often end at the transition phase from development to operations. This book covers the delivery of software, this means &#147;the last mile&#148;, with lean practices for shipping the software to production and making it available to the end users, together with the integration of operations with earlier project phases (elaboration, construction, transition). <br> <br> <em>DevOps for Developers </em>describes how to streamline the software delivery process and improve the cycle time (that is the time from inception to delivery). It will enable you to deliver software faster, in better quality and more aligned with individual requirements and basic conditions. And above all, work that is aligned with the &#147;DevOps&#148; approach makes even more fun! <br> <br> <ul> <li>Provides patterns and toolchains to integrate software development and operations </li> <li>Delivers an one-stop shop for kick-starting with DevOps </li> <li>Provides guidance how to streamline the software delivery process </li> </ul>
Understanding Structure, Metal Distribution, and Water Adsorption in Mixed-Metal MOF-74 (2016)

We present a joint computational and experimental study of Mg–Ni-MOF-74 and Mg–Cd-MOF-74 to gain insight into the mixing of metals and understand how metal mixing affects the structure of the undercoordinated open-metal sites. Our calculations predict that metal mixing is energetically preferred in these materials. Recent experimental work has demonstrated that Mg–Ni-MOF-74 shows a much greater surface area retention in the presence of water than Mg-MOF-74. To probe this effect, we study H2O adsorption in Mg–Ni-MOF-74, finding that the adsorption energetics and electronic structure do not change significantly at the metal sites when compared to Mg-MOF-74 and Ni-MOF-74, respectively. We conclude that the increased stability of Mg–Ni-MOF-74 is a result of a M–O bond length distortion in mixed-metal MOF-74, consistent with recent work on the stability of MOF-74 under water exposure.
Structure and Function of L-Lactate Dehydrogenases from Thermophilic and Mesophilic Bacteria, V. The Complete Amino-Acid Sequence of the Mesophilic L-Lactate Dehydrogenase from<i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (1987)

The complete amino-acid sequence of L-lactate-dehydrogenase from the mesophilic Bacillus megaterium was determined. 92% of the 318 amino acids were established by sequence analysis of the N-terminus, of four CNBr fragments and of one fragment obtained by cleavage with BNPS-skatole. The primary structure was completed by sequencing overlapping fragments obtained by further cleavage of suitable CNBr fragments and BNPS fragments with either trypsin, endoproteinase Lys-C, o-iodosobenzoic acid or hydroxylamine. The C-terminal amino acids were determined by degradation with carboxypeptidase A. The sequence homology between lactate dehydrogenases from B. megaterium and those from other Bacilli is 59-61% and 35-37% to those from higher organisms. The high sequence homology among lactate dehydrogenases from Bacilli, adapted to different temperatures, allows comparative studies of the structural basis of protein thermostability.
Decoupling Optical and Potentiometric Band Gaps in π-Conjugated Materials (2002)

Syntheses, optical spectroscopy, potentiometric studies, and electronic structural calculations are reported for two classes of conjugated (porphinato)metal oligomers that feature a meso-to-meso ethyne-bridged linkage topology. One set of these systems, bis[(5,5'-10,20-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne (DD), 5,15-bis[[5'-10',20'-bis[3,5-di(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]ethynyl]-10,20-bis[3,5-di(9-methoxy-1,4,7-trioxanonyl)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (DDD), and 5,15-bis[[15' '-(5'-10',20'-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]-[(5' '-10' ',20' '-bis[3,5-di(9-methoxy-1,4,7-trioxanonyl)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne]ethynyl]-10,20-bis[3,5-di(9-methoxy-1,4,7-trioxanonyl)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (DDDDD), constitute highly soluble analogues of previously studied examples of this structural motif having simple 10,20-diaryl substituents, while a corresponding set of conjugated oligomers, [(5-10,20-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]-[(5'-15'-ethynyl-10',20'-bis[10,20-bis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne (DA), 5,15-bis[[5'-10',20'-bis[3,5-di(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]ethynyl]-10,20-bis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato]zinc(II) (DAD), and 5,15-bis[[15' '-(5'-10',20'-bis[3,5-bis(3,3-dimethyl-1-butyloxy)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II)]-[(5' '-(10' ',20' '-bis(heptafluoropropyl)porphinato)zinc(II)]ethyne]ethynyl]-10,20-bis[3,5-di(9-methoxy-1,4,7-trioxanonyl)phenyl]porphinato)zinc(II) (DADAD), features alternating electron-rich and electron-poor (porphinato)zinc(II) units. Electrooptic and computational data for these species demonstrate that it is possible to engineer conjugated oligomeric structures that possess highly delocalized singlet (S1) excited states yet manifest apparent one-electron oxidation and reduction potentials (E1/20/+ and E1/2-/0 values) that are essentially invariant with respect to those elucidated for their constituent monomeric precursors.
What controls the composition and the structure of nanomaterials generated by laser ablation in liquid solution? (2012)

Laser ablation synthesis in liquid solution (LASiS) is a "green" technique that gives access to the preparation of a library of nanomaterials. Bare noble metal spherical particles, multiphase core-shell oxides, metal-semiconductor heterostructures, layered organometallic compounds and other complex nanostructures can be obtained with the same experimental set up, just by varying a few synthetic parameters. How to govern such versatility is one of the current challenges of LASiS and requires a thorough understanding of the physical and chemical processes involved in the synthesis. In this perspective, the fundamental mechanisms of laser ablation in liquids are summarized, organized according to their temporal sequence and correlated with relevant examples taken from the library of nanomaterials disclosed by LASiS, in order to show how synthesis parameters influence the composition and the structure of products. The resulting framework suggests that, to date, much attention has been devoted to the physical aspects of laser-matter interaction and to the characterization of the final products of the synthesis. Conversely, the clarification of chemical processes active during LASiS deserves more research efforts and requires the synergy among multiple investigation techniques.
Quercetin improves insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation in vitro in a NAFLD cell model (2012)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver diseases in the absence of significant alcohol consumption. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on insulin resistance and lipid metabolic abnormalities in free fatty acid (FFA)- and insulin-induced HepG2 cell model of NAFLD, and to determine the possible underlying mechanism. Quercetin markedly improves hepatic lipid accumulation and decreases the levels of triglyceride (TG). The lipid-lowering effect of quercetin at concentrations between 0.1 and 100 μM demonstrated a dose-dependent pattern. Quercetin was found to enhance tyrosine phosphorylation in the insulin-signaling pathway and to downregulate the expression levels of the sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) in quercetin-treated groups, compared to the control group. These results demonstrated that quercetin was able to improve insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation by suppressing two lipogenesis gene expression levels of SREBP-1c and FAS. As a result, quercetin has the therapeutic potential for preventing or treating NAFLD and IR-related metabolic disorders.
On privacy-preserving access to distributed heterogeneous healthcare information (2004)

Regional healthcare initiatives seek to improve the quality of healthcare by collecting, analyzing, and disseminating information about chronic diseases such as diabetes. The data required to support such initiatives comes from several organizations such as insurers, physicians, hospitals, pharmacies and labs each of which gather and maintain data for the purpose of healthcare delivery. Accessing data in this distributed and heterogeneous environment is difficult and has to deal with well-documented issues such as resolving semantic conflicts, multiple query languages etc. Data warehousing and mediator-based architectures are often proposed and used in these settings. In this paper, we focus on mediator-based architectures and the privacy problems that arise in the healthcare context owing to the linkage of information about patients, physicians, and diseases enabled by the mediator. Current proposals for security-conscious mediators do not address inferential disclosure resulting from record linkage. In particular, we study the problem of interval inference, a specific kind of disclosure that arises when participants are able to compute tight bounds on sensitive values of other participants, based on the aggregate information published by the mediator. We illustrate our approach with a real world example and propose an "audit and aggregate" methodology that chooses the optimal level of aggregation of the data taking into account both the risk of disclosure as well as the utility of the released data to legitimate users.
Sub-micrometer axial resolution OCT for in-vivo imaging of the cellular structure of healthy and keratoconic human corneas (2017)

Corneal degenerative conditions such as keratoconus (KC) cause progressive damage to the anterior corneal tissue and eventually severely compromise visual acuity. The ability to visualize corneal tissue damage <i>in-vivo</i> at cellular or sub-cellular level at different stages of development of KC and other corneal diseases, can aid the early diagnostics as well as the development of more effective treatment approaches for various corneal pathologies, including keratoconus. Here, we present the optical design of an optical coherence tomography system that can achieve 0.95 µm axial resolution in biological tissue and provide test results for the system's spatial resolution and sensitivity. Corneal images acquired <i>in-vivo</i> with this system from healthy and keratoconic human subjects reveal the cellular and sub-cellular structure of the corneal epithelium, as well as the normal and abnormal structure of the Bowman's membrane and the anterior corneal stroma.
Titelei/Inhaltsverzeichnis (2004)

Dieses Buch bietet in sechs chronologisch gegliederten Kapiteln eine komprimierte Einführung in die Geschichte des Antisemitismus vom frühen Christentum bis zur Gegenwart. Dabei steht die Entwicklung des Antisemitismus in der Neuzeit im Vordergrund. Neben den europäischen Ländern, vor allem Deutschland, Frankreich und Russland, werden auch die Erscheinungsformen des Antisemitismus in der außereuropäischen Welt behandelt. Ein besonderes Augenmerk legt die Darstellung auf das Fortleben antisemitischer Einstellungen und Verhaltensmuster nach 1945.