gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal and 2-D small-signal gain measurements in a supersonic COIL (1998)

A dedicated CW chemical oxygen iodine mini-laser is constructed and used to probe the two-dimensional (2-D) distribution of small-signal gains in a supersonic CW chemical oxygen iodine laser (CW COIL). The uneven lateral gain distribution may possibly be explained by boundary layer effects.
Abnormalities in Plasma Essential Fatty Acid Levels in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome and with Non-malignant Breast Disease (1991)

Fatty acids in plasma phospholipids were measured in two groups of women with premenstrual syndrome, two groups with cyclical breast disease and two groups with non-cyclical breast disease and were compared with two groups of normal controls. All the patient groups showed similar abnormalities which made them different from both sets of controls. Concentrations of the main dietary n — 6 essential fatty acid (EFA), linoleic acid, were consistently higher in the patients than in the controls, whereas levels of linoleic acid metabolites were consistently lower. This suggests that these patients have an abnormality in EFA metabolism, probably involving reduced conversion of linoleic acid to its EFA products. Concentrations of the n — 3 EFAs were for the most part near normal, with a tendency to elevation in premenstrual syndrome and to reduction in non-cyclical breast disease.
Regulation of Airway Mucosal Ion Transport (1991)

The secretion of fluid into the airway lumen is due in part to active chloride secretion across the epithelium. Changes in Cl secretion require coordinated changes in the turnover of several transport proteins in order to avoid lethal changes in cell volume. Several different Ca- and cAMP-dependent pathways effect this coordination. Many mediators raise cyclic AMP which activates protein kinase A which in turn opens the apical membrane Cl channel. Cyclic AMP also raises Cai (without change in levels of inositol triphosphate, IP3), and this Ca is probably responsible for activation of basolateral K channels and NaK2Cl cotransporters. Other mediators raise Cai by elevating IP3, and seem to stimulate chloride secretion entirely by Ca-dependent pathways with no change in cyclic AMP levels. Protein kinase C and arachidonic acid inhibit Cl secretion.
5-Lipoxygenase Activation in Psoriasis: A Dead Issue? (1993)

It has been suggested in the literature that 5-lipoxygenase activation may be an important pathological event in psoriasis and that 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors may thus have some beneficial therapeutic effect in this disease. This is because (1) neutrophil activation is a prominent feature of the disease, (2) leukotriene B4 is a potent chemotactic agent for neutrophils and is present in psoriatic lesions, (3) 5-lipoxygenase is present in human epidermis, (4) inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase may affect the disease. These concepts are questioned, and in particular it is suggested that (1) the leukotriene B4-like material found in psoriatic skin has never been shown to have the correct stereochemistry to indicate that it is 5-lipoxygenase derived, (2) there is no convincing evidence for the presence of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme in human skin, (3) drugs purported to have some benefit in psoriasis through 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory mechanisms act through other mechanisms and (4) selective leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors have no therapeutic utility in psoriasis. It is concluded that 5-lipoxygenase activation does not play a significant role in the pathology of psoriasis and therefore selective leukotriene biosynthesis inhibitors would have no significant role in the treatment of this disease.
Characterizing and modeling user mobility in a cellular data network (2005)

The demand for cellular data networks is expected to increase with 3G and beyond technologies accompanied by high-bandwidth consumer services, such as wireless video and camera phones. User mobility affects quality of service, and makes capacity planning more difficult. This paper presents an analysis of user mobility patterns based on data traffic traces from a major regional CDMA2000 cellular network. We find low overall mobility in the network, power-law characteristics in user mobility profiles, and weak correlations between call activity and mobility levels for individual users. We also find that users concentrate their activity in a "home cell" with frequent shorter trips to other locations in the network. Based on the empirical findings, we develop and parameterize a model of cellular data user mobility and show its practical use in simulation.
320 Gbit/s optical gate monolithically integrating photodiode and electroabsorption modulator (2003)

The ultrafast demultiplexing operation of a monolithic optical gate that integrates a photodiode and an electroabsorption modulator has been investigated and successfully demonstrated at a data rate corresponding to 320 Gbit/s. The on/off ratio is 11 dB or better for adjacent channels and is higher than 16 dB for the others.
Preparation Of Porous Metal Membrane By Thermal Annealing For Thin Film Encapsulation (2015)

This paper presents thermal annealing de-wetting technique for the preparation of porous metal membrane for Thin Film Encapsulation (TFE) application. Thermal annealing de-wetting experimental results reveal that pore size formation in porous metal membrane depend upon i.e. 1. The substrate at which metal is deposited, 2. Melting point of metal used for porous metal cap layer membrane formation, 3. Thickness of metal used for cap layer, 4. Temperature used for formation of porous metal membrane. In order to demonstrate this technique, Silver (Ag) was used as a metal for preparation of porous metal membrane on amorphous silicon (a-Si) and silicon oxide. The annealing of the silver thin film of various thicknesses was performed at different temperature. Pores in porous silver film were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). In order to check the usefulness of porous metal film for TFE application, the porous silver film prepared on amorphous silicon (a- Si) and silicon oxide was released using XeF2 and VHF, respectively. Finally, guide line and structures are suggested to use this porous membrane for robust TFE application.
Fatty acid chain length combinations in ascitic fluid triglycerides containing lymphatic absorbed medium‐chain fatty acids (1982)

Information on the fatty acid chain length combinations in lymph triglycerides containing medium-chain fatty acids was obtained by combining the fatty acid composition and the carbon number composition of triglycerides from ascitic fluid of patients on medium-chain triglyceride-containing diets. In these triglycerides, the major part of the medium-chain fatty acids was present in combination with long-chain fatty acids. These results indicate that part of the lymphatic absorbed medium-chain fatty acids are absorbed as triglycerides which also contain long-chain fatty acids.
Interface properties of thermally oxidized <i>n</i>-GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors (2003)

We report on the interface properties of thermally oxidized n-GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors fabricated on sapphire substrates. 100-nm-thick β-Ga2O3 was grown by dry oxidation at 880 °C for 5 h. From secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements, an intermediate Ga oxynitride layer with graded compositions is clearly observed at the β-Ga2O3/GaN interface. Capacitance–voltage measurements show a deep depletion feature and a low interface state density of ∼5.5×1010 eV−1 cm−2. Additionally, no discrete interface traps can be detected by deep-level transient spectroscopic measurements. These results indicate that the surface Fermi level is unpinned at the β-Ga2O3/GaN interface, which may be associated with the presence of the interfacial Ga oxynitride layer.
Distinct pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiomyopathy in hearts lacking dystrophin or the sarcoglycan complex (2011)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and limb girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) 2C-F result from the loss of dystrophin and the sarcoglycans, respectively. Dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein, is closely associated with the membrane-bound sarcoglycan complex. Despite this tight biochemical association, the function of dystrophin and the sarcoglycan subunits may differ. The loss of dystrophin in skeletal muscle results in muscle that is highly susceptible to contraction-induced damage, but the skeletal muscle of mice lacking γ- or δ-sarcoglycan are less susceptible. Using mouse models of DMD, LGMD-2C, and LGMD-2F, we demonstrate that isolated cardiac myocytes from mice lacking either γ- or δ-sarcoglycan have normal compliance. In contrast, dystrophin-deficient myocytes display poor passive compliance and are susceptible to terminal contracture following mild passive extensions. Mice deficient in dystrophin and, less so, δ-sarcoglycan have reduced survival during in vivo dobutamine stress testing compared to controls. Catheter-based hemodynamic studies show deficits in both baseline and dobutamine-stimulated cardiac function in all of the dystrophic mice compared to control mice, with dystrophin-deficient mice having the poorest function. In contrast, histopathology showed increased fibrosis in the sarcoglycan-deficient hearts, but not in hearts lacking dystrophin. In summary, this study provides important insights into the unique mechanisms of disease underlying these different models of inherited dystrophic cardiomyopathy and supports a model where dystrophin, but not the sarcoglycans, protects the cardiac myocyte against mechanical damage.
Science and management of Suva Lagoon (2006)

[extract] Suva Lagoon, which consists primarily of Suva Harbour and Laucala Bay, is one of the most important water bodies in the South Pacific region. Since the establishment of Suva as the capital of Fiji in 1882, this water body has been the focus of intensive shipping activity, acting as both a national and a regional centre of trade and transport. In addition, the development of Suva city as the major commercial centre in the Pacific Islands led to a rapid expansion in the local population, with a subsequent increase in construction, industry and related infrastructure. A large human population has also made wide use of the resources within and around Suva Lagoon for food, shelter and recreation.
From genome-wide arrays to tailor-made biomarker readout – Progress towards routine analysis of skin sensitizing chemicals with GARD (2016)

Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) initiated by chemical sensitizers is an important public health concern. To prevent ACD, it is important to identify chemical allergens to limit the use of such compounds in various products. EU legislations, as well as increased mechanistic knowledge of skin sensitization have promoted development of non-animal based approaches for hazard classification of chemicals. GARD is an in vitro testing strategy based on measurements of a genomic biomarker signature. However, current GARD protocols are optimized for identification of predictive biomarker signatures, and not suitable for standardized screening. This study describes improvements to GARD to progress from biomarker discovery into a reliable and cost-effective assay for routine testing. Gene expression measurements were transferred to NanoString nCounter platform, normalization strategy was adjusted to fit serial arrival of testing substances, and a novel strategy to correct batch variations was presented. When challenging GARD with 29 compounds, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy could be estimated to 94%, 83% and 90%, respectively. In conclusion, we present a GARD workflow with improved sample capacity, retained predictive performance, and in a format adapted to standardized screening. We propose that GARD is ready to be considered as part of an integrated testing strategy for skin sensitization.
Methacrylic Acid and Derivatives (2000)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Properties 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 3. Production 3.1. Methacrylic Acid and Methyl Methacrylate from Acetone Cyanohydrin 3.2. Methacrylic Acid from Isobutene 3.3. Methacrylic Acid from Isobutyric Acid 3.4. Methacrylic Acid From Ethylene 4. Quality Specifications 5. Storage and Transportation 6. Uses 7. Economic Aspects 8. Toxicology and Occupational Health
L1-L2 Optimization in Signal and Image Processing (2010)

Sparse, redundant representations offer a powerful emerging model for signals. This model approximates a data source as a linear combination of few atoms from a prespecified and over-complete dictionary. Often such models are fit to data by solving mixed ¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -¿ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> convex optimization problems. Iterative-shrinkage algorithms constitute a new family of highly effective numerical methods for handling these problems, surpassing traditional optimization techniques. In this article, we give a broad view of this group of methods, derive some of them, show accelerations based on the sequential subspace optimization (SESOP), fast iterative soft-thresholding algorithm (FISTA) and the conjugate gradient (CG) method, present a comparative performance, and discuss their potential in various applications, such as compressed sensing, computed tomography, and deblurring.
A compact GaN-based DC-DC converter IC with high-speed gate drivers enabling high efficiencies (2014)

In this paper, we present a novel compact DC-DC converter IC in which normally-off GaN-GITs (Gate Injection Transistors) and gate drivers are integrated into one chip. The DC-DC converter IC can achieve higher efficiency and smaller chip size by reducing parasitic inductances between switching power devices and gate drivers. The gate driver, having a DCFL (Direct Coupled FET Logic) with a buffer amplifier which is consisted of a GaN-HFET (Hetero-junction FET) and GaN-GITs can operate with higher speed and lower power consumption. The fabricated DC-DC converter IC exhibits a peak efficiency as high as 86.6% at 2MHz for the 12V-1.8V conversion.
The roadmap for low price- high performance IR detector based on LWIR to NIR light up-conversion approach (2009)

The introduction of an uncooled microbolometer image sensor about a decade ago enabled cost reduction of IR cameras. As a result, the available markets grew both in military and civilian applications. Since then, the price of microbolometer was gradually reduced due to introduction of devices with smaller pixel, maturity of the technology and quantity growth. However, the requirement for a vacuum package still limits the price of microbolometer based cameras to several thousands of dollars. Sirica's novel wavelength conversion technology aims at breaking this paradigm by being uncooled and vacuumless, lowering IR camera prices by an order of magnitude, opening the way to new mass markets. Sirica's proprietary IR-to-Visible/NIR conversion layer allows for low-cost high performance LWIR detector with no requirement for cooling and vacuum packaging. In the last years, the development efforts focused on development of the conversion media. Recently, a parallel effort for the integration of the conversion layer together with other detector components has started. Packaging of detector components, such as conversion layer, pumping light source, dichroic filter, and their coupling with silicon CMOS image sensor have great importance from a price-performance point of view. According to the company's business-development roadmap, the detector prototype should be available during the first quarter of 2010.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor scintigraphy. (1995)

HPLC-purified 123I-VIP shows favorable dosimetry and is a safe and promising peptide tracer for localization of tumors expressing receptors for VIP.
<title>Telerobotic control with stereoscopic augmented reality</title> (1996)

Teleoperation in unstructured environments is conventionally restricted to direct manual control of the robot. Under such circumstances operator performance can be affected by inadequate visual feedback from the remote site, caused by, for example, limitations in the bandwidth of the communication channel. This paper introduces ARTEMIS (Augmented Reality TEleManipulation Interface System), a new display interface for enabling local teleoperation task simulation. An important feature of the interface is that the display can be generated in the absence of a model of the remote operating site. The display consists of a stereographical model of the robot overlaid on real stereovideo images from the remote site. This stereographical robot is used to simulate manipulation with respect to objects visible in the stereovideo image, following which sequences of robot control instructions can be transmitted to the remote site. In the present system, the update rate of video images can be very low, since continuous feedback is no longer needed for direct manual control of the robot. Several features of the system are presented and its advantages discussed, together with an illustrative example of a pick-and-place task.
Velocity measurement of microvessels using phase‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography at 7 tesla MRI (2015)

This study demonstrated the potential for measuring the velocity and direction of blood flow in the targeted microvessels using an appropriate VENC and 7T MRI.
Field Evaluation of a Semiautomated Method for Rapid and Simple Analysis of Recreational Water Microbiological Quality (2000)

An early warning system using a rapid enzymatic semiautomated method suitable for fecal coliform detection in recreational waters within 8 h was developed further and evaluated in this study. This rapid method was compared to the standard method followed in the United Kingdom. We used 1,011 samples originating from 206 different locations in Wales. When we assessed the presence or absence of fecal coliforms, targeting very low levels of contamination, we obtained 83.9% agreement between the rapid method and the lauryl sulfate broth-membrane filtration technique, whereas direct confirmation of the samples processed by the rapid method showed 89. 3% agreement. Environmental enzymatic background activity was found to be the main limiting factor for this method. Owing to a specific and integrated handling of the results by the software of the instrument, the percentage of false-positive results (a consequence of enzymatic background) was successfully limited to 2.9% by the direct confirmation evaluation. However, 7.8% false-negative results due to "late-growers" had to be accepted in order to produce results within a working day. At present, the method can be used in a more conservative way to assess the environmental threshold of 100 CFU of fecal coliforms per 100 ml in recreational waters. The implications of our findings with regard to the applicability of rapid enzymatic methods are discussed.
<title>Effects of system lag on head-tracked cursor control</title> (1997)

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of system lag on head tracking performance when positioning a cursor on a stable target. Seven values of lag were tested: 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 msec. To assess potential interactions, the effects of lag were examined in combination with movement distance and direction. The task was to move a head-tracked cursor to a target that appeared on a six-inch CRT screen in an analog of time and that lag was linearly related to acquisition time, accounting for an increase in target acquisition time of approximately 7 millisecond of lag. Furthermore, the effects of lag on performance were evident with lags as brief as 20 msec.
Epigenetic drugs as pleiotropic agents in cancer treatment: Biomolecular aspects and clinical applications (2007)

In the last three decades huge efforts have been made to characterize genetic defects responsible for cancer development and progression, leading to the comprehensive identification of distinct cellular pathways affected by the alteration of specific genes. Despite the undoubtable role of genetic mechanisms in triggering neoplastic cell transformation, epigenetic modifications (i.e., heritable changes of gene expression that do not derive from alterations of the nucleotide sequence of DNA) are rapidly emerging as frequent alterations that often occur in the early phases of tumorigenesis and that play an important role in tumor development and progression. Epigenetic alterations, such as modifications in DNA methylation patterns and post-translational modifications of histone tails, behave extremely different from genetic modifications, being readily revertable by "epigenetic drugs" such as inhibitors of DNA methyl transferases and inhibitors of histone deacetylases. Since epigenetic alterations in cancer cells affect virtually all cellular pathways that have been associated to tumorigenesis, it is not surprising that epigenetic drugs display pleiotropic activities, being able to concomitantly restore the defective expression of genes involved in cell cycle control, apoptosis, cell signaling, tumor cell invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis and immune recognition. Prompted by this emerging clinical relevance of epigenetic drugs, this review will focus on the large amount of available data, deriving both from in vitro experimentations and in vivo pre-clinical and clinical studies, which clearly indicate epigenetic drugs as effective modifiers of cancer phenotype and as positive regulators of tumor cell biology with a relevant therapeutic potential in cancer patients.
Lactic Acid Is Elevated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Induces Myofibroblast Differentiation via pH-Dependent Activation of Transforming Growth Factor-β (2012)

We have identified the metabolite lactic acid as an important mediator of myofibroblast differentiation via a pH-dependent activation of TGF-β. We propose that the metabolic milieu of the lung, and potentially other tissues, is an important driving force behind myofibroblast differentiation and potentially the initiation and progression of fibrotic disorders.
Living/controlled free radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethene and butyl vinyl ether under 60Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate (2011)

Living/controlled free radical copolymerization of chlorotrifluoroethene and butyl vinyl ether has been successfully achieved at room temperature under (60)Co γ-ray irradiation in the presence of S-benzyl O-ethyl dithiocarbonate. The alternating and block copolymers have been obtained with well-defined molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions.
Production of 1,3-Propanediol from Glycerol by <i>Clostridium acetobutylicum</i> and Other <i>Clostridium</i> Species (1987)

Glycerol was fermented with the production of 1,3-propanediol as the major fermentation product by four strains of Clostridium acetobutylicum, six of C. butylicum, two of C. beijerinckii, one of C. kainantoi, and three of C. butyricum. 1,3-Propanediol was identified by its retention times in gas chromatography and high-pressure liquid chromatography and by its mass spectrum. During growth of C. butylicum B593 in a chemostat culture at pH 6.5, 61% of the glycerol fermented was converted to 1,3-propanediol. When the pH was decreased to 4.9, growth and 1,3-propanediol production were substantially reduced.