gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long‐term transgene expression can be mediated in the brain by adenoviral vectors when powerful neuron‐specific promoters are used (2003)

This study shows that non-integrating vectors can be used to mediate powerful, long-term episomal transgene expression in neurones. This work has important implications for neuronal gene therapy and is of relevance to studies investigating memory, behaviour and neuronal gene function.
PO-409 Signal peptide of PD-1 inhibits cancer cell growth (2018)

ABSTRACT Introduction Cancer cells escape immune system surveillance by activating molecules called ‘immune checkpoints’, of which programmed death-1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) are known representative molecules. Immune cells do not become active when the PD-1 present on their cell surface recognises the PD-L1 present on a cancer cell’s surface, allowing cancer cells to evade the immune cell’s attack. Immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies developed to target PD-1/PD-L1 have remarkable anti-cancer activity. However, the biological reasons why cancer cells activate PD-L1 remain unclear. In addition, there is an issue with cells, such as myocardial cells, with PD-L1 present on their cell surfaces also being affected by immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. We focused on a signal peptide of PD-1 expressed on the immune cell surface. Our hypothesis was that the signal peptide produced as part of the production process that leads to mature PD-1 has an anti-tumour function. We evaluated whether an artificial peptide designed based on this PD-1 signal peptide had cell growth inhibition activity against human melanoma A2058 and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) HCC-827. Material and methods We chemically synthesised a conjugation peptide of the human PD-1 signal peptide (MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWR) and a cell penetrating peptide TAT (RRKKRRQRRR) and named it ‘PD1SP-TAT’ (MQIPQAPWPVVWAVLQLGWRRRKKRRQRRR). PD1SP-TAT was evaluated for growth inhibitory activity against A2058 and HCC-827 by WST assay. Results and discussions The results were 95% of human melanoma A2058 growth and NSCLC HCC-827 growth were inhibited in cells treated with a concentration of 25 µM PD1SP-TAT for 48 hours. Conclusion From these surprising results, PD1SP-TAT, based on the signal peptide of PD-1, shows remarkable anti-cancer activity against human melanoma and NSCLC, and suggests that PD1SP-TAT could be a candidate for a novel anti-cancer agent.
Control system for a superconducting rectifier using a microcomputer (1981)

Within the scope of a research program of superconducting rectifiers software is being developed to take care of the control of such systems. The hard-ware architecture which interferes with the in and output signals is based on a LSI-11/2 microprocessor with sufficient mass storage for data logging, console and printer. The flexibility inherent to this hardware configuration is desired for optimalisation of the rectifier concerning maximum current, power, efficiency and quench stability. The paper describes the structure of the program and the interaction between both computer hardware and software and the superconducting rectifier. However, because the reliability of computersystems is unsatisfactory an additional hardware protection system still handles the most important alarms.
Isolation and Characterization of SSEA3 <sup>+</sup> Stem Cells Derived from Goat Skin Fibroblasts (2013)

Novel stem cells expressing stage-specific embryonic antigen 3 (SSEA-3) reside among human dermal fibroblasts and are known as multilineage-differentiating stress-enduring (Muse) cells. They enhance the generation efficiency of induced pluripotent stem cells. However, Muse cells have only been found in humans. We aimed to isolate SSEA3-positive cells from terminally differentiated skin fibroblasts of adult goat and determine their pluripotency. Cell clusters from SSEA3(+) populations possessed stem cell-like morphological features and normal karyotypes, were consistently positive for alkaline phosphatase, and expressed stem cell pluripotency markers. These SSEA3(+) cells remained undifferentiated over eight passages in suspension culture and were able to differentiate into cells of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. Our combined findings suggest that a subset of adult stem cells expressing SSEA3 also exist among adult goat skin fibroblasts. We are the first to report that multipotent adult goat cells exist among terminally differentiated goat skin in suspension culture. Our results also provide a promising platform for generation of a transgenic goat, because the undifferentiated state of stem cells was thought to be more efficient as donor cells for somatic cell nuclear transfer.
On the use of modulo arithmetic comb filters in sigma delta modulators (2003)

A novel architecture of one-stage comb decimation filters for sigma-delta modulators is described. It performs the decimation of a 1-bit oversampled modulator output to an arbitrary lower output frequency. The use of modulo arithmetic throughout the filter together with the proposed algorithmic decomposition allows a low-power and area-efficient implementation. This also avoids the storing of the coefficients in a ROM or the generation of the coefficients with rather complicated up/down counters. The architecture is applicable to all comb decimation filters with sinc/sup k/ (f) response. A filter with k=3 and a programmable decimation factors has been integrated in a 3- mu m CMOS process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Applications of applied potential tomography (APT) in respiratory medicine (1987)

Impedance pneumography, electrical impedance measurements of the lung, is a technique which has been widely used to monitor respiration non-invasively and more recently, the onset of pulmonary oedema. Attempts have been made to try to localise the changes in impedance using electrode arrays and electrode guarding. These techniques allow localisation to a particular hemithorax, but the resolution of the majority of the systems remains poor. To assess the performance and possible clinical applications of APT, measurements have been made following increases in lung volume and pulmonary blood volume. During inspiration an increase in both the area and the magnitude of the impedance changes over the area of the lungs was observed. Numerical analysis of the impedance changes in normal subjects reveals a consistently high correlation between the volume of air inspired and the magnitude of the impedance changes. The resolution of the system is sufficient to monitor differences in ventilation in the right and left lung and to measure variations in these levels with posture. Preliminary clinical work suggests that APT may be used to detect ventilatory defects in certain types of lung disease. APT measurements show a decrease in resistivity over the area of the lungs when the pulmonary blood volume is increased by the intravenous infusion of 1.5 litres of isotonic saline. Similar changes in the volume of fluid in the lungs are known to occur in pulmonary oedema. APT measurements of lung impedance may detect the onset of pulmonary oedema in high risk patients.
Nasal Gene Expression of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 in Children and Adults (2020)

on number of infections. In addition, contact tracing methods to limit the spread of infection will face considerable challenges.
Signal, Noise and Resolution in Position-Sensitive Detectors (1974)

An analysis is presented of signal, noise and position resolution relations for some of the most interesting position-sensing methods. "Electronic cooling" of delay line terminations is introduced in order to reduce noise in the position-sensing with delay lines. A new method for terminating transmission lines and for "noiseless" damping which employs a capacitance in feedback is presented. It is shown that the position resolution for the charge division method with resistive electrodes is determined only by the electrode capacitance and not by the electrode resistance, if optimum filtering is used.
Epitope mapping and analysis of a growth-enhancing monoclonal antibody by limited tryptic digestion of porcine GH (1995)

In this study, the epitope of a murine PS-7.6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) which was raised against the recombinant porcine GH (pGH) and subsequently shown to enhance the growth-promoting activity of pGH in a hypophysectomized rat model, was mapped by the limited tryptic digestion of pGH. A pGH fragment corresponding to amino acid residues 70-95 was separated by reverse-phase HPLC and also immunoprecipitated by PS-7.6 mAb. This fragment was found in an RIA to compete with radiolabelled pGH for the binding of PS-7.6 mAb in a dose-dependent fashion. Several peptides covering this potential epitope region of pGH(70-95) were synthesized and assayed by competitive RIA. The results suggested that pGH(75-90) was the optimal sequence recognized by PS-7.6 mAb. Sequential alanine substitution of each residue of pGH(75-90) revealed that the side chains of Leu76, Ile83 and Leu87 were critical for binding to PS-7.6 mAb. Other residues could be replaced by alanine without substantially altering the binding affinity. The region of amino acids 75-95 comprises the C-terminal end of the second helix of pGH and the repeating pattern of i and i + 3 (i + 7) of the critical amino acids appears consistent with PS-7.6 mAb binding to the hydrophobic side of the helix. The sequence and the helical structure of the epitope of PS-7.6 mAb provide the basis for designing the effective peptide vaccines to enhance the growth performance of animals.
Effects of physiologic human brain motion on proton spectroscopy: quantitative analysis and correction with cardiac gating. (2002)

Proton MR spectroscopy is a powerful noninvasive method that enables measurement of certain brain metabolites in healthy subjects and patients with diseases. A major difficulty with clinical and research applications of in vivo proton MR spectroscopy is the variability of metabolite concentrations, especially in regions with substantial physiologic motion. In our preliminary evaluation, we tested the hypothesis that physiologic brain motion leads to lower mean metabolite concentrations and higher SDs for the measured metabolite concentrations.
A Torus-Based Hierarchical Optical-Electronic Network-on-Chip for Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (2012)

Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are emerging as a key on-chip communication architecture for multiprocessor systems-on-chip (MPSoCs). Optical communication technologies are introduced to NoCs in order to empower ultra-high bandwidth with low power consumption. However, in existing optical NoCs, communication locality is poorly supported, and the importance of floorplanning is overlooked. These significantly limit the power efficiency and performance of optical NoCs. In this work, we address these issues and propose a torus-based hierarchical hybrid optical-electronic NoC, called THOE. THOE takes advantage of both electrical and optical routers and interconnects in a hierarchical manner. It employs several new techniques including floorplan optimization, an adaptive power control mechanism, low-latency control protocols, and hybrid optical-electrical routers with a low-power optical switching fabric. Both of the unfolded and folded torus topologies are explored for THOE. Based on a set of real MPSoC applications, we compared THOE with a typical torus-based optical NoC as well as a torus-based electronic NoC in 45nm on a 256-core MPSoC, using a SystemC-based cycle-accurate NoC simulator. Compared with the matched electronic torus-based NoC, THOE achieves 2.46X performance and 1.51X network switching capacity utilization, with 84% less energy consumption. Compared with the optical torus-based NoC, THOE achieves 4.71X performance and 3.05X network switching capacity utilization, while reducing 99% of energy consumption. Besides real MPSoC applications, a uniform traffic pattern is also used to show the average packet delay and network throughput of THOE. Regarding hardware cost, THOE reduces 75% of laser sources and half of optical receivers compared with the optical torus-based NoC.
Molecular definition of a major cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitope in the glycoprotein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (1988)

Analyses with segmental reassortants of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) RNA have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are induced by and recognize proteins encoded by the viral short segment, which specifies two virus structural proteins, glycoprotein (GP) and nucleoprotein (NP). Expression of cDNA copies of these genes in vaccinia virus vectors demonstrates that C57BL/6 (H2bb) mice mount significant CTL responses to both GP and NP. We have used LCMV-specific H2bb-restricted CTL clones and a family of serial C-terminal truncations of the LCMV GP expressed in vaccinia virus to map the precise specificities of the anti-GP clones. Of the 18 CTL clones studied, 1 recognizes NP and the other 17 recognize GP. The reactivities of 14 of the 17 anti-GP CTL clones against the deleted GP molecules have been fully characterized, and two clear patterns of anti-GP activity have emerged, defining at least two CTL epitopes. The first epitope, recognized by only two of the clones, lies within GP residues 1 to 218. The second is recognized by all 12 of the remaining clones and was mapped, by using the GP deletions, to a 22-amino-acid region comprising GP residues 272 to 293. A synthetic peptide representing this area sensitized uninfected syngeneic target cells to lysis both by bulk CTL obtained from the spleen after a primary immunization and by appropriate CTL clones. Two sets of criteria are available which are said to identify potential T-cell epitopes, one based on primary amino acid sequence and the second based on protein secondary structure. Neither of these predictive schemes would have identified region 272 to 293 as a CTL recognition motif, indicating that such programs are of limited usefulness as presently conceived. Analysis of the CTL clones shows clearly that all three families (anti-NP and anti-GP 1 to 218 and 272 to 293) direct efficient cross-reactive killing against a variety of serologically distinct strains of LCMV.
Synthesis of Diverse <sup>11</sup>C-Labeled PET Radiotracers via Direct Incorporation of [<sup>11</sup>C]CO<sub>2</sub> (2016)

Three new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers of interest to our functional neuroimaging and translational oncology programs have been prepared through new developments in [(11)C]CO2 fixation chemistry. [(11)C]QZ (glutaminyl cyclase) was prepared via a tandem trapping of [(11)C]CO2/intramolecular cyclization; [(11)C]tideglusib (glycogen synthase kinase-3) was synthesized through a tandem trapping of [(11)C]CO2 followed by an intermolecular cycloaddition between a [(11)C]isocyanate and an isothiocyanate to form the 1,2,4-thiadiazolidine-3,5-dione core; [(11)C]ibrutinib (Bruton's tyrosine kinase) was synthesized through a HATU peptide coupling of an amino precursor with [(11)C]acrylic acid (generated from [(11)C]CO2 fixation with vinylmagnesium bromide). All radiochemical syntheses are fully automated on commercial radiochemical synthesis modules and provide radiotracers in 1-5% radiochemical yield (noncorrected, based upon [(11)C]CO2). All three radiotracers have advanced to rodent imaging studies and preliminary PET imaging results are also reported.
17.4: Halogenated Non‐Planar Dopants for Fast Response Liquid Crystals (2007)

Abstract We introduce a major step forward in achieving liquid crystal mixtures with desired performances such as fast response speeds, high VHR, low driving voltages and no detrimental perturbations in the liquid crystal alignments, thus undisturbed black level and contrast ratios, by the use of halogenated non‐planar dopants.
Antimicrobial activity of 10-(diphenylmethylene)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione derivatives (2010)

Antibacterial and antifungal activity of 10-(diphenylmethylene)-4-azatricyclo[5.2.1.02,6]dec-8-ene-3,5-dione derivatives were examined by the disk diffusion method (growth inhibition zone diameter in agar medium). The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for the most active agents were determined. Title compounds were also evaluated in vitro against HIV-1 virus and their cytotoxicity was determined. Aminoalkanol derivatives exhibited activity against the majority of microorganisms studied.
Targeted tumor therapy by epidermal growth factor appended toxin and purified saponin: An evaluation of toxicity and therapeutic potential in syngeneic tumor bearing mice (2012)

Targeted toxin-based therapeutics are hindered by poor intracellular uptake, limited stability and non-specific immune stimulation. To address these problems, ligand-targeted toxins in combination with low dose saponin mixtures have been adapted and tested in vivo in the past, however, undefined saponin raw mixtures are not suitable for use in clinical development. In the present work we therefore used a targeted toxin (Sap3-EGF, i.e. saporin fused to epidermal growth factor) in combination with a structurally defined isolated saponin m/z 1861 (SO-1861). In vitro evaluation confirmed a 6900-fold enhancement in the cytotoxic efficacy of Sap3-EGF against TSA-EGFR target cells. The required dose of the targeted toxin was appreciably reduced and there was a highly synergistic effect observed. An ex vivo hemolysis assay showed no or very less hemolysis up to 10 μg/mL of SO-1861. In the acute toxicity studies SO-1861 was found to be non-toxic up to a dose of 100 μg/treatment. The enzymes aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase did not show any statistically significant liver damage, which was further confirmed by histological examination. Additionally, creatinine was also similar to the control group thus ruling out damage to kidney. In vivo studies in a syngeneic BALB/c tumor model characterized by EGFR overexpression were done by applying 30 μg SO-1861 and 0.1 μg Sap3-EGF per treatment. A more than 90% reduction (p < 0.05) in the average tumor volume was observed by this combined therapy.
Changes of IL-10 expression in splenocytes after X-irradiation of different doses (2002)

Objective To observe the time course changes in the expression of IL-10 in splenocytes after whole body irradiation (WBI) with different doses of X-rays. Methods Northern blot and flow cytometry(FCM) were adopted to detect the changes of IL-10 at mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results FCM data indicated IL-10 protein synthesis decreased beginning from 2 h after exposure and remained at low level up to 48 h after 75 mGy irradiation.The increase of IL-10 synthesis was detectable after 2 Gy irradiation.By northern blot we found IL-10 mRNA decreased significantly after WBI with 75 mGy X-rays(low dose radiation,LDR),while it increased at 2 h after WBI with 2 Gy X-rays (high dose radiation,HDR) . Conclusion The results suggest LDR and HDR have different effects on IL-10.;
New Refreshable <i>N</i>-Halamine Polymeric Biocides: <i>N</i>-Chlorination of Acyclic Amide Grafted Cellulose (2008)

Acyclic N-halamine structures have demonstrated antibacterial functions similar to cyclic N-halamine. Precursors of acyclic halamine such as acrylamide and methacrylamide can be easily grafted onto surfaces of substrates via radical polymerization processes. However, due to easy hydrolysis of primary amides during chlorination and steric hindrance of secondary amide to conversion to acyclic halamine structures, the acyclic halamines still have limitations to many applications in preparation of antimicrobial materials. To reduce hydrolysis of amide during chlorination, particularly under alkaline conditions, addition of electrolytes such as NaCl was able to improve chlorination of polyacrylamide grafted cotton (chlorine content 458 ppm) with less than 10% hydrolysis under slightly basic (pH = 8) conditions. Both acidic conditions and the addition of salt can increase the chlorination of secondary amides and provide effective antibacterial functions on the treated cellulose (5 log reduction of E. coli in contact time of 120 min).
Looking Forward: Korea after the Economic Crisis (2001)

Looking Forward: Korea after the Economic Crisis. Edited by Heather Smith. Canberra: Asia Pacific Press, 2000. Pp. 206. The volume under review is the outcome of a conference on financial reform and macroeconomic policy management in Korea held under the auspices of the Korea Economy Program at the Australian National University (ANU) in 1998. The contributors to the volume are from Australia and South Korea, and the editor, Heather Smith, has done an able job in putting together diverse papers on macroeconomic policy, the financial system, corporate governance, and the labour market around the theme of Korea's economic crisis of 1997-98. The first chapter, Lessons from Korea's Crisis, by Heather Smith and Sandra Eccles, offers a comprehensive coverage of the various issues relating to the crisis. Its discussion of the causes of the crisis, government responses to the crisis, lessons from the crisis, and future challenges is comprehensive and well balanced, and the reader will get a good bird's-eye view of the Korean crisis. The second chapter, Macroeconomic Origins of the Korean Crisis, by Peter G. Warr, is more narrowly aimed at showing that by 1997, the Korean economy became vulnerable to crisis but could have avoided the crisis if correct macroeconomic policies had been used. As he sees it, the Korean crisis was a collapse of a boom that was caused by erroneous macroeconomic policies such as a more or less fixed exchange rate system. The boom was fuelled by foreign capital inflow, which brought about a Dutch disease phenomenon in the Korean economy, undermining the competitiveness of its traded goods sector. A lengthy chapter by Heather Smith then follows, in which she analyses the impact of the crisis and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) policy prescriptions on Korea's real economy. It thus deals with the highly controversial issue of whether the IMF adjustment programme that was initially adopted in Korea was appropriate and whether it in fact worsened the situation in Korea. An overall verdict she seems to reach is that although the orthodox stabilization policy was warranted at the beginning of the crisis, it went on too long, given the depth of the domestic downturn and weak external demand. The next two chapters are on Korea's financial system and capital market liberalization. The chapter by Sungsoo Koh and Donghyun Ji provides a brief history of Korea's financial system and then discusses and evaluates the reforms that have been undertaken since the crisis. Although the chapter makes it clear that the reforms are all in the right direction, one is yet to be convinced that they will in fact lead to the establishment of a strong financial system in Korea. Only time will tell. In his chapter on Korea's capital market liberalization, Sunho Kim basically makes the point that developing long-term capital markets is essential for the future economic growth of Korea. Although one can hardly disagree with this point, it is nevertheless ironic that doing so would require, as the author points out, the growth of the government bond market and government borrowing. …