gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor is required for Chlamydia trachomatis development (2014)

Cumulatively, the data reported here connect the function of EGFR to C. trachomatis attachment and development in the host cells, and this could lead to new venues for targeting C. trachomatis infections and associated diseases.
Research on accessibility pattern of China at city level based on land traffic network (2011)

In order to make a quantitative study about accessibility of cities in China, the spatial analyst module functions of ARCGIS were mainly used to do an empirical research about it based on land traffic network structure and calculations of optimal road routes and time to cities of China, which generated accessibility diffusion graph and average accessibility graph of cities. And then, the ESDA was analyzed by indexes such as Moran's I, Local Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi* used to measure spatial pattern of the average accessibility of China at city level. The results showed that the overall accessibility of China is 3.37h and as to the regional accessibility, 26.89% and 51.26% of cities are within 1h and 2h. However, the internal difference of accessibility is obvious. The accessibility of cities in the east and middle of China was good, while it was much worse in the west of Inner Mongolia and the boundary area between Xinjiang, Xizang and Qinghai, especially the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region. The overall degree of agglomeration of the average accessibility at city level was quite low and the index of Moran's I is only about 0.09. The hot spot regions were mainly distributed in the east and middle of China as well as Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Shanxi, Gansu and Ningxia, while the sub-hot regions in the boundary areas between the west and the middle part of China. In addition, the outlying areas of Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, and Xizang are sub-cold, while the cold spot regions are distributed in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau region. Finally, on the basis of above, some factors influencing the accessibility of cities such as the position of seat of the government, the size of cities, the structure of traffic, natural environment and economic conditions, were summed up in the paper. The former three factors were the immediate causes and the latter two were indirect causes.
Environmental tobacco smoke and stress as risk factors for miscarriage and preterm births (2012)

The results from this primarily study demonstrated no association between cotinine, cortisol, miscarriage and preterm births.
Automatic coronary lumen segmentation with partial volume modeling improves lesions' hemodynamic significance assessment (2016)

The determination of hemodynamic significance of coronary artery lesions from cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) based on blood flow simulations has the potential to improve CCTA’s specificity, thus resulting in improved clinical decision making. Accurate coronary lumen segmentation required for flow simulation is challenging due to several factors. Specifically, the partial-volume effect (PVE) in small-diameter lumina may result in overestimation of the lumen diameter that can lead to an erroneous hemodynamic significance assessment. In this work, we present a coronary artery segmentation algorithm tailored specifically for flow simulations by accounting for the PVE. Our algorithm detects lumen regions that may be subject to the PVE by analyzing the intensity values along the coronary centerline and integrates this information into a machine-learning based graph min-cut segmentation framework to obtain accurate coronary lumen segmentations. We demonstrate the improvement in hemodynamic significance assessment achieved by accounting for the PVE in the automatic segmentation of 91 coronary artery lesions from 85 patients. We compare hemodynamic significance assessments by means of fractional flow reserve (FFR) resulting from simulations on 3D models generated by our segmentation algorithm with and without accounting for the PVE. By accounting for the PVE we improved the area under the ROC curve for detecting hemodynamically significant CAD by 29% (N=91, 0.85 vs. 0.66, p<0.05, Delong’s test) with invasive FFR threshold of 0.8 as the reference standard. Our algorithm has the potential to facilitate non-invasive hemodynamic significance assessment of coronary lesions.
Coupling characteristics measurements between curved waveguides using a two-core fiber coupler (1981)

Coupling characteristics between two curved waveguides are studied using a two-core fiber. A tunable monochromatic light source is used to measure the wavelength dependence of the coupling efficiency. Measured values of the coupling efficiency agree well with theory. It is found that (1) the coupling efficiency can be changed from 0 to 1 by changing the radius of curvature, for example, from 100 mm to infinity in the measured coupler; and (2) when phase shift due to curvature sbeta/2R exceeds the coupling coefficient K, where s is the center-to-center core separation, beta the propagation constant, and R the radius of curvature, coupling between the curved cores does not occur, and there is only the phase shift between the cores.
Convalescent plasma and hyperimmune immunoglobulin to prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Catalyst-Free Dynamic Networks for Recyclable, Self-Healing Solid Polymer Electrolytes (2019)

Polymer networks with dynamic covalent cross-links act as solids but can flow at high temperatures. They have been widely explored as reprocessable and self-healing materials, but their use as solid electrolytes is limited. Here we report poly(ethylene oxide)-based networks with varying amounts of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) to understand the impact of a salt on the ion transport and network dynamics. We observed that the conductivity of our dynamic networks reached a maximum of 3.5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S/cm at an optimal LiTFSI concentration. Rheological measurements showed that the amount of LiTFSI significantly affects the mechanical properties, as the shear modulus varies between 1 and 10 MPa and the stress relaxation by 2 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we found that these networks can efficiently dissolve back to pure monomers and heal to recover their conductivity after damage, showing the potential of dynamic networks as sustainable solid electrolytes.
Proapoptotic BH3-Only BCL-2 Family Protein BIM Connects Death Signaling from Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibition to the Mitochondrion (2007)

A subset of lung cancers expresses mutant forms of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that are constitutively activated. Cancers bearing activated EGFR can be effectively targeted with EGFR inhibitors such as erlotinib. However, the death-signaling pathways engaged after EGFR inhibition are poorly understood. Here, we show that death after inhibition of EGFR uses the mitochondrial, or intrinsic, pathway of cell death controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins. BCL-2 inhibits cell death induced by erlotinib, but BCL-2-protected cells are thus rendered BCL-2-dependent and sensitive to the BCL-2 antagonist ABT-737. BH3 profiling reveals that mitochondrial BCL-2 is primed by death signals after EGFR inhibition in these cells. As this result implies, key death-signaling proteins of the BCL-2 family, including BIM, were found to be up-regulated after erlotinib treatment and intercepted by overexpressed BCL-2. BIM is induced by lung cancer cell lines that are sensitive to erlotinib but not by those resistant. Reduction of BIM by siRNA induces resistance to erlotinib. We show that EGFR activity is inhibited by erlotinib in H1650, a lung cancer cell line that bears a sensitizing EGFR mutation, but that H1650 is not killed. We identify the block in apoptosis in this cell line, and show that a novel form of erlotinib resistance is present, a block in BIM up-regulation downstream of EGFR inhibition. This finding has clear implications for overcoming resistance to erlotinib. Resistance to EGFR inhibition can be modulated by alterations in the intrinsic apoptotic pathway controlled by the BCL-2 family of proteins.
Olfactory ensheathing cells of the lamina propria in vivo and in vitro (2003)

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) continuously support the regeneration of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). In addition, OECs promote regeneration of neurons within the CNS in a number of transplantation paradigms, but details of exactly how they support regeneration remain elusive. The majority of studies using OECs to promote regeneration have thus far focused on understanding the cell biology of OECs purified from the olfactory bulb (OB). Here we show that a population of OECs similar to those obtained from the OB is present in the lamina propria (LP) beneath the olfactory epithelium (OE). These OECs are the first glial cells encountered by the axons of developing ORNs as they exit the OE and display distinct and variable expression of p75, S100beta, GFAP, and O4, characteristic markers of bulb OECs. Once purified in vitro, they display Schwann cell-like and astrocyte-like properties and expand rapidly. In addition to resembling OB-OECs, LP-OECs also express a unique combination of developmentally important proteins-CD 44, beta1 integrin, P200, Notch 3, NG2, VEGF, and PACAP and CREB binding protein (CBP/p300)-not previously reported in OB-OECs. These data suggest that LP-OECs, like OB-OECs, are a developmentally distinct class of glia that are capable of both immature and mature function, depending on environmental stimuli, within the adult nervous system.
Applications and frustrations in using ground penetrating radar (2002)

In this paper the author concentrates on the narrow portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from a few MHz to a few GHz where geophysicists used ground penetrating radar which is sometimes called georadar, ground probing radar, or subsurface radar. Ground penetrating radar is deployed today from the space shuttle, aircraft, on the surface, in and between boreholes and sometimes from within or between mine shafts. The author discusses these applications and some of the problems involved.
A knowledge-based real-time diagnostic system for PLC controlled manufacturing systems (2003)

This paper presents an approach to a knowledge-based real-time diagnostic system for PLC controlled manufacturing systems. A general structure of the diagnostic system is implemented, which is the extension of an existing diagnostic system we developed in recent years. Diagnostic knowledge is acquired artificially and by model-based methods from the pneumatic and hydraulic circuit diagrams and the PLC program. The knowledge is the description of the functional and operational logic embedded in the PLC in a more usable form compared to that held in the mind of manufacturing system designers themselves. These models contain the design and engineering knowledge about the manufacturing system to be diagnosed. During the operation of the manufacturing system, the diagnostic system can continuously acquire data from the PLC, identify possible faults, search for their causes and suggest corrective actions.
<title>Cooled Yb:YAG for high-power solid state lasers</title> (1998)

The development of high-average-power solid-state lasers with good beam quality has been limited primarily by thermo- optic distortions in the laser gain medium. Cooling Yb:YAG gain media to cryogenic temperatures promises to significantly reduce thermo-optic distortions relative to 300 K Nd:YAG. Preliminary results have been obtained for a diode-pumped, cooled Yb:YAG laser operating at 1.03 micrometers , and the experiments to date verify a large reduction in thermo-optic effects.
Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping With Type-II Quantum Dots (2007)

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is an important cancer surgery during which the first lymph node draining the site of a tumor is identified, resected, and analyzed for the presence or absence of malignant cells. Fluorescent semiconductor nanocrystals (quantum dots [QDs]) of the appropriate size, charge, and emission wavelength permit this surgery to be performed rapidly, with high sensitivity and under complete image guidance. We describe the materials and methods necessary for the production and characterization of type-II near-infrared fluorescent QDs, which have been optimized for SLN mapping. They contain a CdTe core, CdSe shell, and a highly anionic, oligomeric phosphine organic coating. We also describe how to utilize such QDs in animal model systems of SLN mapping.
Charge Domain Interlacing CMOS Image Sensor Design (2009)

The thesis dissertation marks the end of a long and eventful journey for which there are many people that I would like to acknowledge for their support along the way. Foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to prof. dr. ir. Albert J.P. Theuwissen, my supervisor, for the continuous support of my master study and research, for his patience, warm encouragement, enthusi-asm, and thoughtful guidance. His guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I am also grateful to ir.Adri Mierop from the DALSA Eindhoven for providing so many practical and valuable helps on the chip design and the measurement. Without his help, I could not have completed my thesis. Besides my advisors, I would like to thank the rest of my thesis commit-tee: Prof. dr. ir. E. Charbon, and dr. ir. Michiel Pertijs, for their insightful comments, and hard questions. My sincere thanks also goes to the fellow colleagues in our image sensor group. Yue Chen and Ning Xie are always willing to share their knowledge and experiences with me and gave my a lot of guidance and suggestions on my work. And dr. B. Buttgen is always care about my work progress and willing to give the help and advice. Jiaming Tan and Gayathri Nampoothiri also gave me a lot of inspiration. I would like to address special thanks to the technician ir. Z. Chang in EI lab, who gave me often of great helps in difficult times. Without his help, I would have never been gotten through the darkest period to finish the project. In addition, I thank all the friends in my office: Chi Liu, Chao Yue, Xiaodong Guo, Ruimin Yang, Jianfeng Wu, and Jun Ye for those inspira-tion discussions, for the sleepless nights we were working together before deadlines, and for all the fun we have had in the past one year. My deepest and strongest thanks are given to my beloved family, my mother and father. Thank you for your continuous love, cares, supports and encouragements throughout my life.
Raman scattering enhancement in porous silicon microcavity (1999)

We have measured an enhancement factor of Raman signal up to 30 times using a Fabry-Pérot structure made of porous silicon (PS) layers of different porosity. The obtained enhancement was due to the coupling of the laser radiation and Stokes photons of porous silicon with the microcavity mode at the optimal laser beam incidence and scattering angles. Our results provide a way to increase the sensitivity of Raman spectroscopy for studying the species inside porous silicon which can considerably influence the properties of this material and hence of PS based devices.
Effect of literacy on family planning practices among married women in rural south India (2012)

International Journal of Medicine and Public Health,2012,2,4,27.DOI:10.5530/ijmedph.2.4.5Published:Oct 2012Type:Original ArticleEffect of literacy on family planning practices among married women in rural south IndiaRizwan S A, Ankita Kankaria, Ronald K. Roy, Ravi P. Upadhyay, Palanivel C, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan, and Surendra Babu D Rizwan S A.1, Ankita Kankaria1, Ronald K. Roy2, Ravi P. Upadhyay3, Palanivel C.4, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan3 and Surendra Babu D.1 1MBBS. Resident, Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India 2MBBS. Resident, Madurai Medical College, Madurai, Tamilnadu, India 3MD. Resident, Department of Community Medicine, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjang Hospital, New Delhi, India 4MD. Assistant Professor, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India Abstract:Background and Aim: Few studies in India have tried to examine the role of female literacy on contraception usage. This study aimed to determine family planning related knowledge and practices and their association with female literacy. Materials and methods: Facility based cross-sectional study was done among married women aged 15–45 years attending outpatient department of three primary health centres in rural Tamilnadu. Data were collected using pretested semistructured questionnaire by a convenience sampling technique. To assess family planning related knowledge, a composite score was calculated and final score was categorised into satisfactory and unsatisfactory. Results: A total of 100 women participated. Fifty nine percent had satisfactory Family Planning related Knowledge and practices (FPK). Contraception prevalence rate for modern methods was 60%. Eighty percent had ever undergone abortions and among them, one fifth had undergone uncertified abortions.With increase in the literacy status, proportion having satisfactory family planning related knowledge increased (p < 0.001) and the parity decreased (p < 0.001). More literate women were using contraception, had undergone sterilization, had undergone certified abortions and had less male child preference compared to illiterate women. Conclusion: This study offers evidence that promotion of female literacy could be considered a strategy for promoting contraceptive usage and addressing population growth in India. Keywords:Contraception, Facility based study, Family Planning, Female literacy, IndiaView:PDF (324.8 KB)
A review of valproate in psychiatric practice (2009)

Valproate (2-propylpentanoate) is available as valproic acid, sodium valproate and semisodium valproate. It has actions on dopamine, GABA and glutamate neurotransmission and intracellular signaling. Its main psychiatric use is to treat bipolar disorder. It has been used in other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and borderline personality disorder, but data are insufficient to recommend this. In acute mania, valproate monotherapy has similar efficacy to antipsychotic drugs and lithium whereas the combination of valproate and an antipsychotic is more effective than either drug alone. In maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder, valproate monotherapy has comparable efficacy to olanzapine although placebo-controlled evidence is limited. Maintenance treatment with valproate and quetiapine or olanzapine is more efficacious than valproate alone when an acute episode responds to the combination. Common adverse effects of valproate include weight gain, gastrointestinal symptoms, sedation, tremor and mild elevation of hepatic enzymes. Serious hepatic toxicity is rare in adults. Many adverse effects are dose related and resolve with dose reduction. Valproate is teratogenic and specifically associated with neural tube defect. Preliminary evidence has linked in utero exposure to decreased verbal intelligence in the offspring. These effects, plus a probable increased risk of polycystic ovary syndrome, limit valproate's use in women of childbearing potential.
Hepatocellular carcinoma: an update. (2007)

Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The major etiologies and risk factors for HCC development are well-defined and some of the multiple steps involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been elucidated in recent years. Despite these scientific advances and the implementation of measures for early hepatocellular carcinoma detection in patients at risk, patient survival has not yet significantly improved during the last three decades. This is in part due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis, and in part due to the limited therapeutic options. These fall into five main categories: 1) surgical interventions, including liver transplantation; 2) percutaneous interventions, including ethanol injection and radiofrequency thermal ablation; 3) transarterial interventions; 4) radiation therapy; and 5) drugs as well as gene and immune therapies. While surgery and percutaneous as well as transarterial interventions are effective in patients with limited disease (1-3 lesions, <5 cm in diameter) and compensated underlying liver disease (cirrhosis Child A), at the time of diagnosis, more than 80% of patients present with multicentric hepatocellular carcinoma and advanced liver disease or comorbidities that restrict the therapeutic measures to best supportive care. Therefore, early diagnosis, the development of novel systemic therapies for advanced disease and hepatocellular carcinoma prevention are of paramount importance. New technologies, including gene expression profiling and proteomic analyses, should allow to further elucidate the molecular events underlying hepatocellular carcinoma development and to identify novel diagnostic markers as well as therapeutic and preventive targets.
The effect of surface macrotexture and hydroxylapatite coating on the mechanical strengths and histologic profiles of titanium implant materials (1987)

A mechanical and histological evaluation of uncoated and hydroxylapatite-coated titanium implant materials was performed. Cylindrical implants of uncoated commercially pure (CP) titanium and hydroxylapatite-coated Ti-6Al-4V alloy were studied using a transcortical model, with implants evaluated after periods of 3, 5, 10, and 32 weeks. All implants had a surface macrotexture consisting of a series of semicircular annular grooves, approximately 750 micron in maximum depth. The attachment characteristics of interface shear stiffness and interface shear strength were determined by mechanical push-out testing. Nondecalcified histologic and microradiographic techniques, with implants in situ, were used to evaluate the response to the implant materials and the presence of the surface macrotexture. Mechanical testing results indicated that the hydroxylapatite-coated implants exhibited significantly greater values of maximum interface shear strength than the uncoated implants after all time periods. Interface shear stiffness was also significantly greater at all time periods for the hydroxylapatite-coated implants as compared to the uncoated implants. Histological evaluation after 3 weeks revealed an osteoid layer covering on all areas coated with the hydroxylapatite material; mineralization of this layer appeared to be complete after 10 weeks. In all cases, longer-term implants demonstrated mineralization of interface bone directly onto the hydroxylapatite coating, and in no case was a fibrous layer observed between the hydroxylapatite coating and the interface bone. Sections from the uncoated CP titanium implants revealed a thin fibrous layer present in nearly all areas. Only isolated regions of direct bone-implant apposition were observed for the uncoated implants. The presence of this fibrous tissue layer, however, apparently did not adversely affect the development of considerable attachment strength. The results from this study indicate that the hydroxylapatite coating can significantly increase the attachment strength of implants which rely upon bone apposition for fixation. In addition, the hydroxylapatite coating provides an osteophilic surface for bone deposition, and allows for a more rapid development of implant-bone attachment.