gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor- <i>beta</i> prevents stem cell factor-mediated rescue of mast cells from apoptosis after IL-3 deprivation. (1994)

IL-3-dependent mast cells undergo apoptosis upon removal of IL-3, an event that is prevented by the addition of stem cell factor (SCF) acting through its receptor c-kit, suggesting that SCF provides a mechanism to allow mast cells to survive and to differentiate in tissues in the relative absence of IL-3. This observation is consistent with the thesis that the microenvironment, in part, controls mast cell number and viability by modulating SCF production and release. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a second factor, TGF-beta 1, was capable of modifying the SCF-mediated survival pathway. TGF-beta 1 (1 and 10 ng/ml), known to be an important regulator of cell growth and function, did inhibit the SCF-mediated rescue from apoptosis in IL-3-deprived mast cells. TGF-beta 1 exerted its inhibitory effect on SCF-mediated rescue from apoptosis, even when added 4 h after the addition of SCF. In contrast, TGF-beta 1 had no substantial effect on the viability of mast cells that were grown in the presence of IL-3. TGF-beta 1 also had no noticeable effect on viability and proliferation of a growth factor-independent mast cell line. The inhibitory effect of TGF-beta 1 was neutralized by specific anti-TGF-beta mAb. TGF-beta 1 did not affect the expression of c-kit, as determined by using flow cytometric analysis of mast cells labeled with FITC-conjugated anti-c-kit. These results demonstrate how SCF and TGF-beta may act in concert to regulate mast cell numbers under physiologic or pathologic conditions.
The fabrication of microretarder for in-cell stereoscopic LCD using reactive liquid crystal (2007)

A microretarder for stereoscopic display is a film consisting of horizontal or vertical stripes with alternating null and half-wave phase retardation states. An LCD with a microretarder attached on the front side can display good-quality stereoscopic images when viewed with polarization glasses. It is now the easiest and cheapest way to present stereoscopic images on a flat-panel display. However, the space caused by the glass between the retarder layer and the LC layer of the panel seriously limits the vertical view angle, which, in turn, limits the application of this technology. In this paper, a process for thin-film microretarder is developed using reactive liquid crystal. The material and the process are essentially compatible with current LC panel processes. Since the thin-film microretarder is to be fabricated in the cell of an LC panel, the retarder layer and the LC layer can be fabricated as close to each other as possible. A nearly unlimited 3D view angle can be achieved for the display.
Global migration and the selective reimagining of religions (1998)

Abstract It is a commonplace in discussions of immigrant religion to speak of how religion aids in the adjustment of migrants to a new culture and society; how it serves as a dimension of continuity in the process of integration. This article examines theoretical foundations for reconsidering this perspective in the context of globalization in general and global migration in particular. In a global society, it is far less useful to think of migrants as leaving one society to join another, especially insofar as this optic tends to assume a) that the new “host” culture remains comparatively unaffected while the immigrants culture faces the dilemma of assimilation versus ethnic preservation; and b) that the culture of origin simply loses a few members without much effect by the migrants back onto their cultures of origin. By contrast, the article argues that the consequences of migration are to help (re)define religions in all areas where they are represented; and thus to make distinctions between “core” and “diaspora” far less salient. Instead, different areas where religious traditions are represented are better seen as centres for creating different options for the authentic construction of the same religion; options that are very often in communication with each other.
Block Synthesis of Oligosaccharides under Mild Conditions (1995)

Details on a synthesis of the trisaccharide α-D-Glc(1→6)-β-D-Glc(1→6)-D -Glc are reported. The O-glycosidic linkages were constructed using the sulfoxide glycosylation reaction. This approach proves to be a rapid glycosylation method leading to high yield and good selectivity.
The Importance of the Vaginal Delivery Route for Antiretrovirals in HIV Prevention (2011)

The HIV/AIDS pandemic continues to be a global health priority, with high rates of new HIV-I infections persisting in young women. One HIV prevention strategy is topical pre-exposure prophylactics or microbicides, which are applied vaginally or rectally to protect the user from HIV and possibly other sexually transmitted infections. Vaginal microbicide delivery will be the focus of this review. Multiple nonspecific and specific antiretroviral microbicide products have been clinically evaluated, and many are in preclinical development, The events of HIV mucosal transmission and dynamics of the cervicovaginal environment should be considered for successful vaginal microbicide delivery. Beyond conventional vaginal formulations, intravaginal rings, tablets and films are employed as platforms in the hope to increase the likelihood of microbicide use. Furthermore, combining multiple antiretrovirals within a given formulation, combining a microbicide product with a vaginal device and integrating novel drug-delivery strategies within a microbicide product are approaches to successful vaginal-microbicide delivery.
Evaluation of Different Biomass Materials as Feedstock for Fermentable Sugar Production (2007)

Saline crops and autoclaved municipal organic solid wastes were evaluated for their potential to be used as feedstock for fermentable sugar production through dilute acid pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. The saline crops included two woods, athel (Tamarix aphylla L) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus camaldulensis), and two grasses, Jose tall wheatgrass (Agropyron elongatum), and creeping wild rye (Leymus triticoides). Each of the biomass materials was first treated with dilute sulfuric acid under selected conditions (acid concentration=1.4% (w/w), temperature=165°C, and time=8 min) and then treated with the enzymes (cellulases and β-glucosidase). The chemical composition (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents) of each biomass material and the yield of total and different types of sugars after the acid and enzyme treatment were determined. The results showed that among the saline crops evaluated, the two grasses (creeping wild rye and Jose tall wheatgrass) had the highest glucose yield (87% of total cellulose hydrolyzed) and fastest reaction rate during the enzyme treatment. The autoclaved municipal organic solid wastes showed reasonable glucose yield (64%). Of the two wood species evaluated, Athel has higher glucose yield (60% conversion of cellulose) than eucalyptus (38% conversion of cellulose).
Use Of Texture Operators In Segmentation (1986)

Computer vision systems applicable for the analysis of complex high resolution aerial images require reliable and robust operators for extracting information from the images. These operators should be able to interrogate the image data and derive meaningful information about the presence of various objects appearing in the scene. In this paper we describe the development of operators that are derived from a texture analysis methodology for performing segmentation of high resolution imagery. The utility of these operators for characterizing various perceptually meaningful properties is demonstrated by performing experimental analysis of urban scenes.
Internet and Distributed Computing Advancements: Theoretical Frameworks and Practical Applications (2012)

"This book is a vital compendium of chapters on the latest research within the field of distributed computing, capturing trends in the design and development of Internet and distributed computing systems that leverage autonomic principles and techniques" - Provided by publisher
Characterization of the <b> <i>mupA</i> Gene in Strains of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with a Low Level of Resistance to Mupirocin </b> (2001)

Characterization of the mupA Gene in Strains of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus with a Low Level of Resistance to MupirocinClinical isolates of mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were first reported in 1987 (4), and low-level resistance was reported to be conferred by the chromosomal location of the mupA gene (5) in some but not all strains (6).On the other hand, low-level resistance in S. aureus emerged as the result of independent, spontaneous mutational events by exposure to increasing concentrations of mupirocin.In the present study, we examined the mupA gene for molecular heterogeneity in S. aureus strains with low-level resistance to mupirocin (L-Mup) which were isolated from London, United Kingdom, and different geographic regions within the Tohoku area in Japan.A total of 25 L-Mup strains were obtained from individual patients at King's College Hospital, London.Three hundred methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains were collected from 14 hospitals in different geographic regions of the Tohoku area in Japan, and two of the 300 MRSA strains (J7022 and J7023) were L-Mup.All strains were collected from different patients and tested for low-level resistance by the disk diffusion assay using 5-and 200-g-mupirocin disks (1).Genomic DNAs were extracted from all strains by boiling as previously described (3).The mupA gene was amplified using two oligonucleotide primer pairs.Mup1 and Mup2 were as previously described (5).The primers used were Mup3 (5Ј-TTCGGATAGTGCTCCATG-3Ј) and Mup4 (5Ј-CCCC AGTTACACCGATAT-3Ј), which amplified a 1.
Tumor cell behaviour modulation by mesenchymal stromal cells (2010)

Herein we provide experimental evidence for MSC-mediated protective effect on melanoma A375 cells under nutrient-limiting and hostile environmental conditions resulting from mutual crosstalk between neoplastic and non-malignant cells. This tumor-favouring effect was not observed for the glioblastoma cells 8MGBA. Collectively, our data further strengthen the need for unravelling mechanisms underlying MSC-mediated modulation of tumor behaviour for possible future MSC clinical use in the context of malignant disease.
Neue 4‐Chinolinol‐ und 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐4‐chinolinol‐abkömmlinge mit biozider Wirkung (1982)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese einiger O ‐substituierter 4‐Chinolinole und 5,6,7,8‐Tetrahydro‐4‐chinolinole 7–13 beschrieben. Ausgehend von 2 und 4 gelangt man mit POCl 3 zu 4‐Chlorchinolinen 14 und 15 , welche in die 4‐Aryloxychinoline 16 und 17 sowie 4‐Alkyl‐(Aryl‐)thiochinoline 20 bzw. 4‐Aminochinoline 21 übergeführt werden.
HIV-specific CD8+ T cells from HIV+ individuals receiving HAART can be expanded ex vivo to augment systemic and mucosal immunity in vivo (2011)

Most HIV+ individuals require lifelong highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) to suppress HIV replication, but fail to eliminate the virus in part because of residual replication in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). Naturally elicited HIV-specific CD8+ T cells generated in the acute and chronic infectious phases exhibit antiviral activity, but decrease in number after HAART. Therapeutic vaccines represent a potential strategy to expand cellular responses, although previous efforts have been largely unsuccessful, conceivably because of a lack of responding HIV-specific central-memory CD8+ T cells (Tcm). To determine whether patients receiving HAART possess CD8+ T cells with Tcm qualities that are amenable to augmentation, HIV-specific CD8+ T-cell clones were derived from HIV-reactive CD28+CD8+ T-cell lines isolated from 7 HIV+ HAART-treated patients, expanded ex vivo, and reinfused into their autologous host. Tracking of the cells in vivo revealed that clones could persist for ≥ 84 days, maintain expression and/or re-express CD28, up-regulate CD62L, secrete IL-2, proliferate on cognate Ag encounter and localize to the rectal mucosa. These results suggest some infused cells exhibited phenotypic and functional characteristics shared with Tcm in vivo, and imply that more effective therapeutic vaccination strategies targeting CD8+ Tcm in patients on HAART might provide hosts with expanded, long-lasting immune responses not only systemically but also in GALT.
A two-step, three-component synthesis of PGE1: utilization of .alpha.-iodo enones in Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-couplings of organoboranes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA two-step, three-component synthesis of PGE1: utilization of .alpha.-iodo enones in Pd(0)-catalyzed cross-couplings of organoboranesCarl R. Johnson and Matthew P. BraunCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11014–11015Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3193Altmetric-Citations212LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Supramolecular mechanisms in the synthesis of mesoporous magnetic nanospheres for hyperthermia (2011)

The present work deals with the preparation of magnetic mesoporous nanocomposites with potential application for cancer treatment. The supramolecular mechanisms that govern the incorporation of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles into mesoporous silica spheres have been deeply analyzed. The modification of γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles during the encapsulation into mesoporous SiO2 has been studied. The alkaline conditions of these processes lead to an enlargement of maghemite nanoparticles. We hypothesize that this particle enlargement results from Fe3+ cations present in solution. The results presented in this work indicate the importance of the appropriate surface functionalization to incorporate nanosystems into mesoporous silica materials, as well as the modifications that magnetic nanoparticles undergo during the process. Finally, the ability to produce magnetic hyperthermia makes this material a very promising candidate for multifunctional thermoseeds for cancer treatment.
Computer Tracking of Objects Moving in Space (1979)

A method is developed to represent movement of convex blocks in three-dimensional space from a sequence of two-dimensional camera images. The goals are to determine the objects' movement toward or away from the camera as well as left/right and up/down movement in the image plane and to build models of the blocks. The movement information is used as part of a hierarchical matching process that determines the correspondence of blocks between scenes.
Ring Closing Alkyne Metathesis. Comparative Investigation of Two Different Catalyst Systems and Application to the Stereoselective Synthesis of Olfactory Lactones, Azamacrolides, and the Macrocyclic Perimeter of the Marine Alkaloid Nakadomarin A (1999)

Previously unknown ring closing metathesis reactions of diynes are described which open an efficient and stereoselective entry into macrocyclic (Z)-alkenes if the resulting cycloalkyne products are subjected to Lindlar reduction. This new two-step strategy offers significant advantages in stereochemical terms over conventional RCM of dienes which usually leads to (E,Z)-mixtures when applied to the formation of large rings. The tungsten alkylidyne complex (tBuO)3W⋮CCMe3(1a) and analogues thereof as well as a structurally unknown species formed in situ from Mo(CO)6 and p-chlorophenol effect the crucial alkyne metathesis reactions in a highly efficient manner, with the former catalyst being more tolerant toward structural variations of the substrates and polar functional groups. Applications to the stereoselective synthesis of the olfactory compounds ambrettolide 23 and yuzu lactone 24, the insect repellent azamacrolides epilachnene 31 and homoepilachnene 33, as well as to the fully functional building block 64 required for a total synthesis of the cytotoxic alkaloid nakadomarin A 51 highlight the relevance of this new concept for natural product chemistry. In the latter case, the diyne substrate 62 necessary for ring closing alkyne metathesis was obtained via a novel furan synthesis relying on a palladium-catalyzed opening of a vinyl epoxide followed by an oxidative cyclization of the heterocyclic ring.
Learning data transformation rules through examples (2012)

A key problem in many data integration tasks is that data is often in the wrong format and needs to be converted into a different format. This can be a very time consuming and tedious task. In this paper we propose an approach that can learn data transformations automatically from examples. Our approach not only identifies the transformations that are consistent with all examples, but also recommends the transformations that most likely transform the rest of unseen data correctly. The experimental results show that in six transformation scenarios our approach produces good results.
The beta-globin stage selector element factor is erythroid-specific promoter/enhancer binding protein NF-E4. (1989)

The analysis of transcriptional regulatory proteins is often hampered because such factors are present in cells in only sparing abundance. Although direct biochemical purification has been successfully applied to the analysis of many of these factors, such methods are labor intensive and expensive. We have developed an alternative strategy to identify and characterize such trans-acting factors and have used it to analyze the proteins that interact with the chicken adult beta-globin gene enhancer and promoter. The methodology involves (1) a sensitive 'reverse' radioimmunoassay used for the identification of antibodies to sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, and (2) a monoclonal antibody-based DNase I footprint selection technique, which unambiguously identifies proteins responsible for particular footprints. Because this methodology relies on the isolation of antibodies to sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, it should be of general utility in studying any trans-acting regulatory factor for which a specific DNA-binding sequence can be identified. In the present analysis, we report the identification of a 65-kD protein that is present only in mature definitive (adult) chicken erythroid cells. We show that this protein (termed NF-E4) binds to closely related sequences present in both the beta-globin promoter and enhancer. Biochemical analysis of extracts prepared from both nonerythroid and a variety of erythroid cell types suggests that NF-E4 is the trans-acting factor that confers definitive erythrocyte stage-specific transcriptional activation to the adult beta-globin gene.
Single-molecule detection of Rhodamine 6G in ethanolic solutions using continuous wave laser excitation (1991)

The ultimate in analytical sensitivity is the ability to detect analytes on a single-molecule level. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) detection of single molecules in solution is hampered by specular, Rayleigh, and Raman scattering that contribute significantly to the background. In order to observe individual fluorescent molecules as they transit the laser beam in the presence of large backgrounds, it is necessary to detect a large number of photons per molecule. One method to increase the number of photons per event is to increase the residence time of the molecule in the laser beam. However, with long residence times, photostability sets an upper limit on the number of times the molecule can be cycled between the ground and first excited singlet state. We have observed the passage of individual rhodamine 6G (R-6G) molecules in ethanol (EtOH). The use of EtOH as a solvent allows one to obtain nearly 2 orders of magnitude more photons per molecule than may be obtained in H2O. Observation of single molecular events of R-6G in EtOH is substantiated by autocorrelation analysis and from shifts in the histograms of the frequency of photoelectron counts. Results from Monte Carlo simulations also support our experimental results.
Disinfectant effect of Persteril in combination with detergents. (1989)

In laboratory conditions, the microbicidal effect, pH and changes in the content of peracetic acid and hydrogen peroxide were tested in Persteril at concentrations of 5 ml/l and 0.5 ml/l as well as in mixtures of these Persteril solutions with the detergents Jar, Pur, Hit, Corona, Sapon, Rekord and Universal. The efficiency and stability of Persteril solution in combination with the detergents were similar to those of Persteril aqueous solution. The tested mixtures ensured satisfactory bactericidal effect after 19-day storage. The sporicidal effect could be guaranteed during 5 days only at a concentration of 5 ml/l and provided disinfection was carried out by submerging. The above mixtures of Persteril and detergents have been recommended for one-stage disinfection in all types of medical facilities requiring simultaneous disinfection and washing.
Towards identity-based services in IMS (2009)

Communication services are increasingly customized to meet specific usage contexts. An example of such customization is to tailor the user experience differently when the services are accessed for personal reasons than for a professional usage. Users may also own multiple devices and choose to optimize their interaction with the services for each device. This paper describes a system which uses identity as a key element in delivering such converged contextual services. A method based on reverse auctions strategies to select the best service provider given a set of user preferences is proposed. The system leverages the IMS identity framework and complies with the liberty alliance standards for federated identity management, hence giving access to a wide range of personalized services.