gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement of Rate and Cycle Performence by Rapid Polyaniline Coating of a MWCNT/Sulfur Cathode (2011)

Rapid in situ chemical oxidation polymerization of polyaniline was carried out to coat MWCNT-core/sulfur-shell structures. The S-coated-MWCNTs were obtained by ball-milling and thermal treatment. The polymerization was carried out by adding 2.6 g of dispersed S/MWCNT and 0.65 g of aniline hydrochloride to ethanol, and then mixing in a certain amount of ammonium peroxydisulfate dissolved in 0.2 M HCl. The addition of S/MWCNT reduced the polymerization time from 60 to 21 min. The composites were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and electrochemical methods. A 70.0% sulfur, 20.2% emeraldine PANi salt and 9.8% MWCNT composite gave the typical two reduction peaks and two oxidation peaks; these are due to three polysulfide species. The initial discharge capacity was 1334.4 mAh g–1-S for the PANi-S/MWCNT electrode and the remaining capacity was 932.4 mAh g–1-S after 80 cycles. The columbic efficiency doubled to 92.4% compared to S-MWCNT-2. The rate of the reaction upon using PANi-S/MWCNT electrode was found to be almost twice that of the S/MWCNT composites. Because of the porous polymer, the diffusion distance of the lithium ion from the bulk liquid was reduced. The gel-like cathode composites and the higher conductivities improved the kinetics of the lithium sulfur redox reaction.
The usefulness of tyrosinase in the immunohistochemical assessment of melanocytic lesions: a comparison of the novel T311 antibody (anti-tyrosinase) with S-100, HMB45, and A103 (anti-melan-A) (2001)

S-100 remains the most sensitive marker of melanocytes. However, because of its lack of specificity, it should be used with at least one other more specific antibody. HMB45 is more specific, but lacks sensitivity; T311 is a reliable marker of melanocytes in paraffin wax embedded sections and is worth consideration for use in a staining panel, although it shows no additional benefit over A103.
[Study on the use of ultrasound technique in extraction of polysaccharides from Loquat leaf]. (2006)

In order to gain the optimal extract condition of extraction polysaccharides in Loquate leaf by ultrasound technique, the single factor and the orthogonal experiments were carried. The results showed that the optimal condition turned out to be ultrasound extraction time 35 min, ultrasound power 120W, extraction temperature 60 degrees C and the liquid-to-solid ratio 12: 1. In contrast to conventional extraction method, the ultrasound technique could be a better method for extracting the polysaccharides from Loquat leaf with a higher yield and shorter time.
Structural tuning of guiding modes of line-defect waveguides of silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal slabs (2002)

We experimentally demonstrate the structural tuning of the waveguiding modes of line defects in photonic crystal (PC) slabs. By tuning the defect widths, we realized efficient single-mode waveguides that operate within photonic band gap frequencies in silicon-on-insulator PC slabs. The observed waveguiding characteristics agree very well with three-dimensional finite difference time-domain calculations. We also directly measured the propagation loss of the line defect waveguides and obtained a value of 6 dB/mm.
Unilateral transplantation of human primary fetal tissue in four patients with Huntington's disease: NEST-UK safety report ISRCTN no 36485475 (2002)

Unilateral transplantation of human fetal striatal tissue in patients with HD is safe and feasible. Assessment of efficacy will require longer follow up in a larger number of patients.
Application of the Sleeping Beauty transposon system to avian cells (2008)

We have for the first time assessed the ability of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system to enhance transgenesis in chicken and turkey cells. The efficiency of transgenesis with a transposon encoding an antibiotic resistance gene was dramatically enhanced 15- to 35-fold when transposase was supplied by co-transfection of immortalized chicken and turkey cells with a construct encoding SB. In contrast, transgenesis of primary chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells was not significantly increased by providing transposase, suggesting that the benefits of transposon-transgenesis in primary avian cells will require the application of more efficient transfection methods, further enhanced SB transposase or an alternative transposon system.
LOAD AND DEFLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DOWELS IN TRANSVERSE JOINTS OF CONCRETE PAVEMENTS (1939)

LABORATORY TESTS WERE MADE ON SINGLE DOWELS ENCASED IN CONCRETE TO OBSERVE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FAILURE AND THE RATE OF DEFLECTION OF TRANSVERSELY LOADED DOWELS IN CONCRETE. THE RATE AT WHICH THE CONCRETE REACTS UNDER A DEFLECTING DOWEL IS CALLED MODULUS OF DOWEL REACTION. LOADED 1/2 IN. FROM THE FACE OF THE CONCRETE, 3/4-IN. HARD GRADE DOWELS FAILED AT 6000 LB. DOWEL LOAD AND 1-IN. INTERMEDIATE GRADE DOWELS AT 9000 LB. DOWEL LOAD, WHEN ENCASED IN 3000 LB. PER SQ. IN. CONCRETE. WARNING OF FAILURE IS GIVEN BY SURFACE SPALLING UNDER THE DOWEL, COMMENCING AT LOADS CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THE ULTIMATE. ULTIMATE FAILURE IS ACCOMPANIED BY CRUSHING OF THE CONCRETE IMMEDIATELY UNDER THE DOWEL. THE 3/4-IN. DOWELS ARE ALL PERMANENTLY BENT AT FAILURE. RELATIONSHIP OF DOWEL STRENGTH TO THE STRENGTH OF THE CONCRETE AND TO THE YIELD POINT OF THE STEEL IS INDICATED. A REASONABLE VALUE FOR THE MODULUS OF DOWEL REACTION FOR 3/4-IN. AND 1-IN. GREASED DOWELS IN 6-AND 7- IN. CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ON YIELDING SUBGRADE IS DEDUCED FROM THESE TESTS TO BE 300 TIMES THE UNIT CRUSHING STRENGTH OF CYLINDERS OF THE CONCRETE. /AUTHOR/
Understanding the Regeneration of EPDM Rubber Crumbs from Used Tyres (2010)

In this work, EPDM rubber crumbs from used tyres have been treated in batch and continuous processes in order to produce a regenerated material. For this purpose, the effect of EPDM particle size, oil type, and concentration as well as processing time, temperature, and mixing intensity were controlled for treatment in an internal batch mixer and a twin-screw extruder. The degree of regeneration was quantified via a modification of the ASTM D6814 method based on crosslink density determination from swelling experiments. The results showed that crosslink density reduction can occur even without any addition of a chemical agent. It is also shown that some conditions can lead to an increase in crosslink density. Physical models are proposed to account for both increase and decrease in crosslink density with processing conditions.
CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION AND THE ARTIFICIAL CORNEA (2003)

The clinical need for an alternative to donor corneal tissue has encouraged much interest in recent years. An artificial cornea whether it be bio-engineered or a synthetic keratoprosthesis must fulfill the functions of the cornea it replaces: transparent, refractive surface, protection, non-immunogenic. A wide range of implants and biomedical devices have been developed in an attempt to correct corneal blindness. Limitation of existing biomaterials are evident when reviewing keratoprosthesis surgery complications. These include infection, intraocular inflammation, retromembrane formation, inadequate interface seal thus epithelial downgrowth and glaucoma. Attempts to improve healing in such cases have involved using various polymers or tissues to surround the optic. The successes and failures of synthetic prostheses that have been implanted in humans is discussed. More recently, the idea of a bio-engineered cornea has arisen. Tissue-engineering involves the manipulation of cells using in vitro techniques to create a composite tissue, which could then be implanted in vivo. Corneal equivalents have been reconstructed from corneal cell lines. They already have their potential uses in the biomedical world: as replacements for animals in toxicology testing and pharmacological studies, as well as in basic research into cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions of corneal wound healing. Current research is ongoing to determine if the bio-engineered cornea will have a role in corneal transplant surgery.
Characterization of Reference <i>Artemia</i> III for Marine Toxicological Studies (1991)

ASTM Practice for Using Brine Shrimp Nauplii as Food for Test Animals in Aquatic Toxicology Tests (E 1203) suggests use of Reference Artemia as a reference standard for evaluating other batches of brine shrimp as food for organisms used in toxicology. In 1988, the U.S. EPA was able to procure a 200-kg quantity of presumed high-quality, small-sized Artemia cysts that had been homogeneously mixed and packaged for long-term storage. These cysts and hatched nauplii have now been characterized in terms of fatty acid profile, toxicant residues, biometrics, and ability to support good survival and growth of saltwater fish and survival and reproduction of saltwater mysids. These cysts have been approved for use as reference cysts and have been designated RAC III. The fatty acid profile of the RAC III includes a 20:5w3 level greater than 7%, which is in excess of the 5% minimum level recommended for marine fish and crustacean larvae. The size of the newly hatched nauplii is &lt;430 μm, which is in the low end of the normal size range (420 to 520 μm) for Artemia nauplii from various strains. Thus they should be relatively easily ingested by marine fish larvae. Analyses of RAC III for metals, organophosphorus pesticides, chlorinated pesticides, and PCBs indicate no problems with toxicant residues. RAC III nauplii were evaluated as a food for marine fish and crustaceans in comparison to RAC II nauplii and a known poor-quality Artemia. There were no statistical differences in survival and growth of sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) and inland silversides (Menidia beryllina) raised on RAC II and RAC III. Survival and reproduction of mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) raised for 25 days on RAC III were comparable to RAC II-raised mysids. The availability of RAC III to U.S. marine toxicologists will make it easier for them to comply with ASTM E 1203 and therefore help to assure the quality of the toxicological data that they generate.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaloid N‐Oxides (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of Membrane Proteins from Human Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Cells:  Comparison of Extraction Methods for Multidimensional LC−MS/MS (2006)

An important strategy for "shotgun proteomics" profiling involves solution proteolysis of proteins, followed by peptide separation using multidimensional liquid chromatography and automated sequencing by mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Several protocols for extracting and handling membrane proteins for shotgun proteomics experiments have been reported, but few direct comparisons of different protocols have been reported. We compare four methods for preparing membrane proteins from human cells, using acid labile surfactants (ALS), urea, and mixed organic-aqueous solvents. These methods were compared with respect to their efficiency of protein solubilization and proteolysis, peptide and protein recovery, membrane protein enrichment, and peptide coverage of transmembrane proteins. Overall, approximately 50-60% of proteins recovered were membrane-associated, identified from Gene Ontology annotations and transmembrane prediction software. Samples extracted with ALS, extracted with urea followed by dilution, or extracted with urea followed by desalting yielded comparable peptide recoveries and sequence coverage of transmembrane proteins. In contrast, suboptimal proteolysis was observed with organic solvent. Urea extraction followed by desalting may be a particularly useful approach, as it is less costly than ALS and yields satisfactory protein denaturation and proteolysis under conditions that minimize reactivity with urea-derived cyanate. Spectral counting was used to compare datasets of proteins from membrane samples with those of soluble proteins from K562 cells, and to estimate fold differences in protein abundances. Proteins most highly abundant in the membrane samples showed enrichment of integral membrane protein identifications, consistent with their isolation by differential centrifugation.
Anti-Irritative Effect of Methylrosaniline Chloride (Gentian Violet) (2001)

Treatment of irritative dermatitis with 0.5% MRC is expected to produce a high clinical efficacy not only because of the compound's established antimicrobial activity, but also because of its anti-irritative effect.
Mutation of <i>tlyA</i> Confers Capreomycin Resistance in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2005)

ABSTRACT Capreomycin, an important drug for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, is a macrocyclic peptide antibiotic produced by Saccharothrix mutabolis subspecies capreolus . The basis of resistance to this drug was investigated by isolating and characterizing capreomycin-resistant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis . Colonies resistant to capreomycin were recovered from a library of transposon-mutagenized M. smegmatis . The transposon insertion site of one mutant was mapped to an open reading frame in the unfinished M. smegmatis genome corresponding to the tlyA gene (Rv1694) in the M. tuberculosis H37Rv genome. In M. smegmatis spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants, the tlyA gene was disrupted by one of three different naturally occurring insertion elements. Genomic DNAs from pools of transposon mutants of M. tuberculosis H37Rv were screened by PCR by using primers to the tlyA gene and the transposon to detect mutants with an insertion in the tlyA gen e . One capreomycin-resistant mutant was recovered that contained the transposon inserted at base 644 of the tlyA gene. Complementation with the wild-type tlyA gene restored susceptibility to capreomycin in the M. smegmatis and M. tuberculosis tlyA transposon mutants. Mutations were found in the tlyA genes of 28 spontaneous capreomycin-resistant mutants generated from three different M. tuberculosis strains and in the tlyA genes of capreomycin-resistant clinical isolates. In in vitro transcription-translation assays, ribosomes from tlyA mutant but not tlyA + strains resist capreomycin inhibition of transcription-translation. Therefore, TlyA appears to affect the ribosome, and mutation of tlyA confers capreomycin resistance.
Effects of radiation on polymers (1988)

AbstractThe present paper is a brief overview of aspects of the damaging effects of radiation on nuclear plant components manufactured from organic polymers. The paper briefly mentions some general nuclear plant applications of polymers, describes how the properties of polymers are affected by radiation, outlines some of the basic mechanisms which cause these effects, and explains how other environmental parameters, such as temperature, the presence of oxygen or other reactive chemicals, and the rate at which materials are irradiated, interact. Finally, procedures which are being developed to predict the behaviour in the long term from short term accelerated tests are outlined.MST/627
Microsticks as solid-phase carriers for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (1982)

Microsticks are machine-tooled or molded pegs of plastic or stainless steel which were developed as solid-phase carriers for the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). They consist of a stem, which can be coated with plastic to be used as the reactive surface, and a shaft designed for easy handling and labeling and for positioning the sticks in microtiter wells and transfer plates. Microsticks permit a wide selection of coating materials and afford the user greater control over quality and standardization of the solid-phase surface. Polycarbonate and nitrocellulose coatings were tested in ELISAs for antibodies to measles virus, toxoplasma, and human gamma globulin. The Microsticks were found to give reproducible, sensitive, and specific ELISA results and minimized problems due to lot-to-lot and batch-to-batch variations found with other plastic carriers.
Inhibitory effects of pharmacological doses of melatonin on aromatase activity and expression in rat glioma cells (2007)

Melatonin exerts oncostatic effects on different kinds of neoplasias, especially on oestrogen-dependent tumours. Recently, it has been described that melatonin, on the basis of its antioxidant properties, inhibits the growth of glioma cells. Glioma cells express oestrogen receptors and have the ability to synthesise oestrogens from androgens. In the present study, we demonstrate that pharmacological concentrations of melatonin decreases the growth of C6 glioma cells and reduces the local biosynthesis of oestrogens, through the inhibition of aromatase, the enzyme that catalyses the conversion of androgens into oestrogens. These results are supported by three types of evidence. Firstly, melatonin counteracts the growth stimulatory effects of testosterone on glioma cells, which is dependent on the local synthesis of oestrogens from testosterone. Secondly, we found that melatonin reduces the aromatase activity of C6 cells, measured by the tritiated water release assay. Finally, by (RT)-PCR, we found that melatonin downregulates aromatase mRNA steady-state levels in these glioma cells. We conclude that melatonin inhibits the local production of oestrogens decreasing aromatase activity and expression. By analogy to the implications of aromatase in other forms of oestrogen-sensitive tumours, it is conceivable that the modulation of the aromatase by pharmacological melatonin may play a role in the growth of glioblastomas.
Highly luminescent Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped and ZnO sensitized optical fibers drawn from silicon compatible sealing glasses (1996)

A strongly enhanced luminescence efficiency of zincborate glasses and glass fibers doped with trivalent europium or terbium is reported. The enhancement is attributed to a high content of direct gap ZnO nanocrystallites which operate as sensitizer for the rare-earth ions. The glasses have a low softening point and are designed to be compatible with the silicon technology. Applications as scintillating devices integrated on silicon are suggested.
The Gaussian channel with noisy feedback: Near-capacity performance via simple interaction (2014)

Consider a pair of terminals connected by two independent additive white Gaussian noise channels, and limited by individual power constraints. The first terminal would like to reliably send information to the second terminal, within a given error probability. We construct an explicit interactive scheme consisting of only (non-linear) scalar operations, by endowing the Schalkwijk-Kailath noiseless feedback scheme with modulo arithmetic. Our scheme achieves a communication rate close to the Shannon limit, in a small number of rounds. For example, for an error probability of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> , if the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) of the feedback channel exceeds the SNR of the forward channel by 20dB, our scheme operates 0.8dB from the Shannon limit with only 19 rounds of interaction. In comparison, attaining the same performance using state of the art Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes requires two orders of magnitude increase in delay and complexity. On the other extreme, a minimal delay uncoded system with the same error probability is bounded away by 9dB from the Shannon limit.
Mellor's modern inorganic chemistry (Parkes, G. D., ed.) (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTMellor's modern inorganic chemistry (Parkes, G. D., ed.)John C. Bailar Jr.Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1962, 39, 3, 163Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1962Published inissue 1 March 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/ed039p163.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (852 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Geolocation technologies and applications for third generation wireless (2002)

Abstract Wireless Service Providers have become increasingly interested in developing position location services for commercial application of the evolving Third Generation (3G) communication systems. The initial and driving force behind this interest is a regulation in the United States promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, requiring wireless carriers to be capable of delivering the position of a wireless device (or mobile station) making an emergency call to emergency authorities by October 2001. Similarly in Europe, the 1999 Communications Review (COM 1999/539) set the date of 1 January 2003 for the carriers to make location information available for emergency authorities. The cellular mobile station geolocation problem can be solved using either network‐based methods or handset‐based methods. A hybrid position location method that combines measurements from the communication system's forward and/or reverse links with measurements from the Global Positioning System (GPS) can improve position service availability. Given the ability to accurately determine a user's location means that position location service applications can and most certainly will provide value‐added features such as navigation, fleet management, real‐time traffic updates, location sensitive billing, etc. In this paper we present different geolocation technologies, list some of the important applications, and review the status of the location services in the 3G Standards Development Organizations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface profile dependence of surface plasmon band gaps on metallic gratings (1996)

When surface plasmon polaritons propagate on a corrugated surface, an energy gap opens up in the dispersion of the surface mode. We present the results of an experimental technique that directly images this gap. The technique is used to measure the width and the central frequency of the gap as a function of the grating profile. The experimental results agree well with the predictions of a recently published analytic model. In particular the results confirm that the central frequency of the gap drops as the grating amplitude increases. This is a previously unconfirmed prediction, over which there has been some debate. We also demonstrate that it is possible to observe gaps that are an order of magnitude wider than those reported elsewhere.