gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A randomized controlled trial of early physiotherapy for high‐risk infants (1996)

The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that infants at high risk of cerebral palsy would benefit from early physiotherapy. In total, 105 infants with abnormal cranial ultrasound scans were randomized at around term to early physiotherapy or standard treatment (delaying physiotherapy until abnormal physical signs became apparent). At 12 and 30 months there were clinical and objective assessments. Nine infants died and nine were lost to follow‐up by 12 months when 87 infants were assessed. One other child had died and three others were lost to follow‐up by 30 months when 83 children were assessed. Cerebral palsy was only accurately predicted in 45 (54%) infants. There was no difference in outcome. The difficulty of predicting cerebral palsy reliably and the heterogeneity of the condition should be borne in mind when planning treatment and assessing its efficacy.
Enabling Complete Ligand Exchange on the Surface of Gold Nanocrystals through the Deposition and Then Etching of Silver (2018)

We report an indirect method for the effective replacement of ligands on the surface of Au nanocrystals with different morphologies. The method involves the deposition of an ultrathin layer of Ag to remove a strong capping agent such as cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC), followed by selective etching of the Ag layer in the presence of citrate ions as a stabilizer. Using multiple characterization techniques, we confirm that the surface of the Au nanocrystals is covered by citrate ions after the indirect ligand exchange process, and there is essentially no aggregation during the entire process. We also demonstrate that this method is effective in suppressing the toxicity of Au nanospheres by completely replacing the initially used CTAC with citrate.
TOWARDS ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS USING ENGLISH/SPANISH CONTROLLED LANGUAGES AND CONTEXT FREE GRAMMAR (2013)

Most software applications are derived from customer requirements, which mainly are expressed as functional requirements. These requirements are the basis for software construction; therefore they have an important impact on overall software quality. As software grows so does the requirements, the increase in information often leads to overlooked requirement evaluation due to the amount of effort and time required. One important cause of this complexity in requirements evaluation is the fact that until now, most of them are still written in natural language which inherent all its problems to the requirements. In this paper we extended our previously proposed software requirement model which is based on context free grammar to support both English and Spanish under a controlled context for automated requirement evaluation using natural language processing, besides we provide comparative testing for both languages as well as comparison results for manual and automatic approaches. Keywords-Natural language processing; software engineering; software quality; software requirement
Crystal structure of human cystatin C stabilized against amyloid formation (2010)

Human cystatin C (HCC) is a family 2 cystatin inhibitor of papain-like (C1) and legumain-related (C13) cysteine proteases. In pathophysiological processes, the nature of which is not understood, HCC is codeposited in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease or Down's syndrome. The amyloidogenic properties of HCC are greatly increased in a naturally occurring L68Q variant, resulting in fatal cerebral amyloid angiopathy in early adult life. In all crystal structures of cystatin C studied to date, the protein has been found to form 3D domain-swapped dimers, created through a conformational change of a beta-hairpin loop, L1, from the papain-binding epitope. We have created monomer-stabilized human cystatin C, with an engineered disulfide bond (L47C)-(G69C) between the structural elements that become separated upon domain swapping. The mutant has drastically reduced dimerization and fibril formation properties, but its inhibition of papain is unaltered. The structure confirms the success of the protein engineering experiment to abolish 3D domain swapping and, in consequence, amyloid fibril formation. It illustrates for the first time the fold of monomeric cystatin C and allows verification of earlier predictions based on the domain-swapped forms and on the structure of chicken cystatin. Importantly, the structure defines the so-far unknown conformation of loop L1, which is essential for the inhibition of papain-like cysteine proteases.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 2‐Chloro‐3‐pyridinecarboxylates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fusogenic supramolecular vesicle systems induced by metal ion binding to amphiphilic ligands (2004)

The incorporation of lipophilic ligands into the bilayer membrane of vesicles offers the possibility to induce, upon binding of suitable metal ions, a variety of processes, in particular vesicle aggregation and fusion and generation of vesicle arrays, under the control of specific metal-ligand recognition events. Synthetic bipyridine lipoligands Bn bearing a bipyridine unit as head group were prepared and incorporated into large unilamellar vesicles. The addition of Ni2+ or Co2+ metal ions led to the formation of complexes MBn and MBn2 followed by spontaneous fusion to generate giant multilamellar vesicles. The metal ion complexation was followed by UV spectroscopy and the progressive fusion could be visualized by optical dark-field and fluorescence microscopies. Vesicle fusion occurred without leakage of the aqueous compartments and resulted in the formation of multilamellar giant vesicles because of the stacking of the lipoligands Bn. The fusion process required a long enough oligoethylene glycol spacer and a minimal concentration of lipoligand within the vesicle membrane. Metallosupramolecular systems such as the present one offer an attractive way to induce selective intervesicular processes, such as vesicle fusion, under the control of molecular recognition between specific metal ions and lipoligands incorporated in the bilayer membrane. They provide an approach to the design of artificial "tissue-mimetics" through the generation of polyvesicular arrays of defined architecture and to the control of their functional properties.
Disruption of the Talin Gene Compromises Focal Adhesion Assembly in Undifferentiated but Not Differentiated Embryonic Stem Cells (1998)

We have used gene disruption to isolate two talin (-/-) ES cell mutants that contain no intact talin. The undifferentiated cells (a) were unable to spread on gelatin or laminin and grew as rounded colonies, although they were able to spread on fibronectin (b) showed reduced adhesion to laminin, but not fibronectin (c) expressed much reduced levels of beta1 integrin, although levels of alpha5 and alphaV were wild-type (d) were less polarized with increased membrane protrusions compared with a vinculin (-/-) ES cell mutant (e) were unable to assemble vinculin or paxillin-containing focal adhesions or actin stress fibers on fibronectin, whereas vinculin (-/-) ES cells were able to assemble talin-containing focal adhesions. Both talin (-/-) ES cell mutants formed embryoid bodies, but differentiation was restricted to two morphologically distinct cell types. Interestingly, these differentiated talin (-/-) ES cells were able to spread and form focal adhesion-like structures containing vinculin and paxillin on fibronectin. Moreover, the levels of the beta1 integrin subunit were comparable to those in wild-type ES cells. We conclude that talin is essential for beta1 integrin expression and focal adhesion assembly in undifferentiated ES cells, but that a subset of differentiated cells are talin independent for both characteristics.
The dosimetric properties of an intraoperative radiation therapy applicator system for a Mevatron‐80 (1989)

An applicator system for intraoperative radiation therapy has been fabricated which does not require physical docking with the accelerator. A dosimetric study has been completed which documents the properties of this system for a variety of electron beam energies, applicator sizes, collimator settings, both primary and secondary, and source-surface distance (SSD) settings. Sensitivity of the system to common misalignment errors was also determined. Results indicate (a) applicator leakage of less than 5%, (b) beam flatness to within plus or minus 5% at the dMAX with a single primary collimator setting, (c) smooth changes in output with cone size, beam energy and SSD, and (d) negligible changes in dose distributions within alignment errors permitted by the system.
High power and high reliability GaN/InGaN flip-chip light-emitting diodes (2007)

High-power and high-reliability GaN/InGaN flip-chip light-emitting diodes (FCLEDs) have been demonstrated by employing a flip-chip design, and its fabrication process is developed. FCLED is composed of a LED die and a submount which is integrated with circuits to protect the LED from electrostatic discharge (ESD) damage. The LED die is flip-chip soldered to the submount, and light is extracted through the transparent sapphire substrate instead of an absorbing Ni/Au contact layer as in conventional GaN/InGaN LED epitaxial designs. The optical and electrical characteristics of the FCLED are presented. According to ESD IEC61000-4-2 standard (human body model), the FCLEDs tolerated at least 10 kV ESD shock have ten times more capacity than conventional GaN/InGaN LEDs. It is shown that the light output from the FCLEDs at forward current 350mA with a forward voltage of 3.3 V is 144.68 mW, and 236.59 mW at 1.0 A of forward current. With employing an optimized contact scheme the FCLEDs can easily operate up to 1.0 A without significant power degradation or failure. The life test of FCLEDs is performed at forward current of 200 mA at room temperature. The degradation of the light output power is no more than 9% after 1010.75 h of life test, indicating the excellent reliability. FCLEDs can be used in practice where high power and high reliability are necessary, and allow designs with a reduced number of LEDs.
Error Backprojection Algorithms for Non-Line-of-Sight Imaging (2018)

Recent advances in computer vision and inverse light transport theory have resulted in several non-line-of-sight imaging techniques. These techniques use photon time-of-flight information encoded in light after multiple, diffuse reflections to reconstruct a three-dimensional scene. In this paper, we propose and describe two iterative backprojection algorithms, the additive error backprojection (AEB) and multiplicative error backprojection (MEB), whose goal is to improve the reconstruction of the scene under investigation over non-iterative backprojection algorithms. We evaluate the proposed algorithms' performance applied to simulated and real data (gathered from an experimental setup where the system needs to reconstruct an unknown scene). Results show that the proposed iterative algorithms are able to provide better reconstruction than the unfiltered, non-iterative backprojection algorithm for both simulated and physical scenes, but are more sensitive to errors in the light transport model.
A Fast Rejuvenation Technique for Server Consolidation with Virtual Machines (2007)

As server consolidation using virtual machines (VMs) is carried out, software aging of virtual machine monitors (VMMs) is becoming critical. Performance degradation or crash failure of a VMM affects all VMs on it. To counteract such software aging, a proactive technique called software rejuvenation has been proposed. A typical example of rejuvenation is to reboot a VMM. However, simply rebooting a VMM is undesirable because that needs rebooting operating systems on all VMs. In this paper, we propose a new technique for fast rejuvenation of VMMs called the warm-VM reboot. The warm-VM reboot enables efficiently rebooting only a VMM by suspending and resuming VMs without accessing the memory images. To achieve this, we have developed two mechanisms: on-memory suspend/resume of VMs and quick reload of VMMs. The warm- VM reboot reduces the downtime and prevents the performance degradation due to cache misses after the reboot.
Multialphabet universal coding of memoryless sources (1995)

Renal veins from 25 rabbits were investigated by means of imbedding in paraffin with subsequent hematoxylin--eosin staining, after Van Gieson and with fuchselin after Hart. Prolonged hypokinesia (over 3 weeks) with subsequent single application of gravitational overloading was stated to produce some structural changes in the wall of the renal vein. They are manifested as loosening of the middle vascular sheath with vacuolization of myocytes and outgrowth of its elastic elements. Hypokinesia of longer duration (8 weeks) with subsequent gravitational overloading produces atrophy of smooth muscle tissue in the middle sheath of the venous wall that brings about decreasing in tonus of the wall of the renal vein.
Mitigation of laser damage growth in fused silica with a galvanometer scanned CO 2 laser (2005)

At the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), mitigation of laser surface damage growth on fused silica using single and multiple CO<sub>2</sub> laser pulses has been consistently successful for damage sites whose lateral dimensions are less than 100 μm, but has not been for larger sites. Cracks would often radiate outward from the damage when a CO<sub>2</sub> pulse was applied to the larger sites. An investigation was conducted to mitigate large surface damage sites using galvanometer scanning of a tightly focused CO<sub>2</sub> laser spot over an area encompassing the laser damage. It was thought that by initially scanning the CO<sub>2</sub> spot outside the damage site, radiating crack propagation would be inhibited. Scan patterns were typically inward moving spirals starting at radii somewhat larger than that of the damage site. The duration of the mitigation spiral pattern was ~110 ms during which a total of ~1.3 J of energy was delivered to the sample. The CO<sub>2</sub> laser spot had a 1/e<sup>2</sup>-diameter of ~200 μm. Thus, there was general heating of a large area around the damage site while rapid evaporation occurred locally at the laser spot position in the spiral. A 30 to 40 μm deep crater was typically generated by this spiral with a diameter of ~600 μm. The spiral would be repeated until there was no evidence of the original damage in microscope images. Using this technique, damage sites as large as 300 μm in size did not display new damage after mitigation when exposed to fluences exceeding 22 J/cm<sup>2</sup> at 355 nm, 7.5 ns. It was found necessary to use a vacuum nozzle during the mitigation process to reduce the amount of re-deposited fused silica. In addition, curing spiral patterns at lower laser powers were used to presumably "re-melt" any re-deposited fused silica. A compact, shearing interferometer microscope was developed to permit in situ measurement of the depth of mitigation sites.
Acanthamoeba genotype T4 detected in naturally-infected feline corneas found to be in homology with those causing human keratitis. (2013)

A total of 10 out of 65 cornea swab samples from cats with eye symptoms showed Acanthamoeba-like morphology after cultivation. By PCR and DNA sequencing of Acanthamoeba diagnostic fragment 3 (DF3), all 10 isolates from the positive samples were categorized into two homologous groups of AfC1 (PM1, PM2, PM3, PF6, KM7, KF8, KMK9) and AfC2 (PM4, PM5, KFK10) due to the presence of bases A(354) and G(354), respectively. Furthermore, DF3 of AfC1 and AfC2 showed 100% similarity with Genbank reference isolates with the accession numbers DQ087314, EU146073 and U07401, GU808323, which were Acanthamoeba castellanii strains genotype T4 originating from human keratitis. This finding suggests that A. castellani strains have the capability to infect cats and human under favorable conditions.
An open source and open hardware embedded metric optical flow CMOS camera for indoor and outdoor applications (2013)

Robust velocity and position estimation at high update rates is crucial for mobile robot navigation. In recent years optical flow sensors based on computer mouse hardware chips have been shown to perform well on micro air vehicles. Since they require more light than present in typical indoor and outdoor low-light conditions, their practical use is limited. We present an open source and open hardware design 1 of an optical flow sensor based on a machine vision CMOS image sensor for indoor and outdoor applications with very high light sensitivity. Optical flow is estimated on an ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller in real-time at 250 Hz update rate. Angular rate compensation with a gyroscope and distance scaling using a ultrasonic sensor are performed onboard. The system is designed for further extension and adaption and shown in-flight on a micro air vehicle.
Initial assessment of architectures for production systems (1984)

Although production systems are appropriate for many applications in the artificial intelligence and expert systems areas, there are applications for which they are not fast enough to be used. If they are to be used for very large problems with severe time constraints, speed increases are essential. Recognizing that substantial further increases are not likely to be achieved through software techniques, the PSM project has begun investigating the use of hardware support for production system interpreters. The first task undertaken in the project was to attempt to understand the space of architectural possibilities and the trade-offs involved. This article presents the initial findings of the project. Briefly, the preliminary results indicate that the most attractive architecture for production systems is a machine containing a small number of very simple and very fast processors.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Metal-plastic Type of Metacarpophalangeal Joint Prosthesis (1975)

In the normal joint, the conformity of the joint surfaces can provide appreciable dorsal-volar shear stability when a compressive joint force acts. The centers of rotation were within 3 mm of the center of the metacarpal ball. Passive radial-ulna motion at 0 degrees flexion was close to 60 degrees, active motion being half of this; at 90 degrees flexion, there was 37 degrees passive and 23 degrees active motion. Studies of canal shapes and sizes showed that a transverse section deviated from circular by 1-2.5 mm; longitudinal sections were trumpet-shaped but had waves and ripples of about 0.5 mm. This is relevant to cement fixation. A metal-plastic prosthesis was tested in positions and with forces considered applicable to arthritics. It is possible that with plastic components, permanent deformation will progressively occur. The pull-out strength between cement and bone in cadaver bones was about 100 kg; metal stems in cement pulled out at about 50 kg, and plastic stems at 10-20 kg. Slippery stems pulled out at much lower values.
Groups launch immunization effort: Academy, Children's Action Network lead U.S. campaign (1991)

The Academy, Children9s Action Network (CAN) and more than 30 other organizations have joined forces to conduct a National Immunization Campaign to inform and mobilize parents to immunize their preschool-aged children. AAP President Antoinette Parisi Eaton, M.D., U.S. Surgeon General Antonia Novello, M.D., and producer Henry Winkler, who represented CAN, kicked off the first phase of the campaign July 24 in Washington, D.C. They announced that National Immunization Week has been scheduled for Sept. 21 through Sept. 29.
High PSRR CMOS voltage reference for negative LDOS (2005)

This work presents a CMOS voltage reference built within a negative LDO processed in a double-metal 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The reference consumes 12 /spl mu/A, and delivers a stable output voltage of -1.2 V. Power supply rejection ratio is 86 dB at low frequencies, while TC is within /spl plusmn/50 ppm//spl deg/C, and un-trimmed V/sub REF/ spread 60 mV (/spl plusmn/3/spl sigma/).
High-pressure x-ray diffraction study of CdMoO4 and EuMoO4 (2011)

We studied the effects of high pressure on the crystalline structure of scheelite-type CdMoO4 and EuMoO4. We found that the compressibility of the materials is highly nonisotropic, with the c-axis being the most compressible one. We also observed clear evidence of a structural phase transition at 12 GPa (CdMoO4) and 8.8 GPa (EuMoO4). The high-pressure phase has a monoclinic structure similar to M-fergusonite. The transition is reversible, and no volume change is detected between the low- and high-pressure phases. The results contradict early x-ray diffraction studies carried out in CdMoO4 and are compared with those obtained previously in isomorphic molybdates. Finally, the equation of state for both compounds is also determined.
Expressive query specification through form customization (2008)

A form-based query interface is usually the preferred means to provide an unsophisticated user access to a database. Not only is such an interface easy to use, requiring no technical training, but it also requires little or no knowledge of how the data is structured in the database. However, a typical form is static and can express only a very limited set of queries, Without room for change, query specification is limited by the expertise and vision of the interface developer at the time the form was created. If an available form cannot express a desired query, the user is stuck.In this paper, we propose a mechanism to let a user modify an existing form to express the desired query. These modifications are themselves specified through filling forms to create an expression in an underlying form manipulation expression language we define. The technical sophistication required to modify forms is not much greater than form filling.We have developed a form editor that implements this form manipulation language. We have also developed a query generator that modifies the form's original query based on a user's changes. We show, by means of a controlled user study, that this tool provides an effective means for specifying complex queries.
A Framework for Intensional Query Optimization. (1996)

this paper. These costs can be non-trivial. However, efficient techniques for such---in particular, identifying the null unfoldings of a query---have been explored [10], and developed within the context of the Carmin project, a cooperative database system [7, 8, 11]. These techniques could be extended to identify when cached queries and materialized views can be used to evaluate certain unfoldings of queries. It is a difficult question how to identify candidate unfoldings for SQO or QF. This is a research question we are currently exploring. 7 Evaluating Discounted Queries
Synchronous Elastic Networks (2006)

We formally define - at the stream transformer level - a class of synchronous circuits that tolerate any variability in the latency of their environment. We study behavioral properties of networks of such circuits and prove fundamental compositionality results. The paper contributes to bridging the gap between the theory of latency-insensitive systems and the correct implementation of efficient control structures for them