gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrode Kinetics of Oxygen Evolution and Dissolution on Rh, Ir, and Pt-Rh Alloy Electrodes (1966)

Cathodic and anodic Tafel parameters, stoichiometric numbers, and decay kinetics have been determined on rhodium, iridium, and platinum‐rhodium alloy electrodes. Two regions of constant for a given substrate were observed. The catalytic activity of the substrates in acid solution above about 1.4v (vs. N.H.E.) was On the anodic side, the alloy substrate tends to behave as Rh, on the cathodic side as Pt. Time decay behavior was conventional except for the alloy surface, where the decay from the anodic side behavior resembled that on Pt. The stoichiometric number on Rh, Ir, and Pt‐Rh was about 2. Rate‐determining steps have been determined unambiguously by the criteria mentioned because of the existence and helpful diagnostic nature of two distinct values for on the anodic side, and because of the availability of stoichiometric numbers. After anodic polarization, Pt‐Rh electrodes behave as if the substrate were an individual area of Pt and Rh oxides. A model which rationalizes this deduction is suggested.
Commercialization of Deployable Space Systems' roll-out solar array (ROSA) technology for Space Systems Loral (SSL) solar arrays (2016)

Deployable Space Systems (DSS) developed an advanced flexible blanket ROSA that provides ultra-low weight, compact stowage volume, high power capability, power modularity, scale-ability, and affordability. Recent NASA and AFRL programs have helped advance the ROSA solar array to Technology Readiness Level (TRL) 6. Space Systems Loral (SSL) has selected this technology for commercial qualification and infusion. SSL is currently developing and qualifying ROSA technology as part of a next generation power generating system for future geosynchronous (GEO) spacecraft, advanced NASA and DOD missions. The generic benefits (vs. standard rigid array technology) of adopting a flexible blanket solar array for the GEO application will be presented. An overview of the SSL ROSA qualification program will be presented in combination with relevant design modeling, key analysis, hardware build, validation testing tests performed to date, and next steps for implementation.
CCXL.—Gold and mercury derivatives of 2-thiolglyoxalines. Mechanism of the oxidation of 2-thiolglyoxalines to glyoxalines (1927)

I. E. Balaban and H. King, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 1858 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270001858
Cloning and sequencing of<i>Serratia</i>protease gene (1986)

The gene encoding an extracellular metalloproteinase from Serratia sp. E-15 has been cloned, and its complete nucleotide sequence determined. The amino acid sequence deduced from the nucleotide sequence reveals that the mature protein of the Serratia protease consists of 470 amino acids with a molecular weight of 50,632. The G+C content of the coding region for the mature protein is 58%; this high G+C content is due to a marked preference for G+C bases at the third position of the codons. The gene codes for a short pro-peptide preceding the mature protein. The Serratia protease gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and Serratia marcescens; the former produced the Serratia protease in the cells and the latter in the culture medium. Three zinc ligands and an active site of the Serratia protease were predicted by comparing the structure of the enzyme with those of thermolysin and Bacillus subtilis neutral protease.
Schottky junction transistor-micropower circuits at GHz frequencies (2001)

Numerical simulations of a new micropower transistor configuration are presented. The transistor is a majority carrier device that operates as a current-controlled current-source. Results from a 0.5 μm gate length device indicate a cutoff frequency in the GHz range, for drain currents appropriate to micropower circuit applications.
Synthesis and Characterization of Photolabile Derivatives of Serotonin for Chemical Kinetic Investigations of the Serotonin 5-HT<sub>3</sub> Receptor (2000)

A series of photolabile o-nitrobenzyl derivatives of serotonin (caged serotonin) were synthesized: the amine-linked serotonin derivatives N-(2-nitrobenzyl) serotonin (Bz-5HT) and N-(alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl) serotonin (N-CNB-5HT), and O-alpha-carboxy-2-nitrobenzyl) serotonin (O-CNB-5HT), which has the caging group attached to the phenolic OH group. All the derivatives released free serotonin when excited by 308-nm or 337-nm laser pulses. The time constant of serotonin release from N-CNB-5HT was 1. 2 ms, with a quantum yield of 0.08. This is too slow for rapid chemical kinetic measurements. O-CNB-5HT is suitable for transient kinetic investigations of the serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor. It released serotonin with a time constant of 16 micros and a quantum yield of 0.03. The biological properties of O-CNB-5HT were evaluated, and the applicability of the compound for kinetic studies of the 5-HT(3) receptor was demonstrated. O-CNB-5HT does not activate the 5-HT(3) receptor by itself, nor does it modulate the response of a cell when co-applied with serotonin. When irradiated with a 337-nm laser pulse, O-CNB-5HT released free serotonin that evoked 5-HT(3) receptor-mediated whole-cell currents in NIE-115 mouse neuroblastoma cells.
Available parking slot recognition based on slot context analysis (2016)

Vacant parking‐slot recognition is one of the core elements for achieving a fully automated parking assistant system. The recognition of a vacant parking‐slot is typically executed in two stages: parking‐slot recognition and slot‐occupancy classification. In most previous works, considering the recognised slot results as a grid cell, the existence of objects is evaluated through the slot examination in slot‐occupancy classification. Despite moderate performance, however, these methods cannot distinguish the parking‐slot availability of moving or small objects and permit marks, since all previous methods only focus on the occupancy of typically parked vehicles. In this study, the authors present a camera‐based available parking‐slot recognition algorithm based on slot‐context analysis. By utilising abundant visual features, they propose a new algorithm handling diverse available parking‐slot conditions. For parking‐slot recognition, they propose a new methodology of extracting and associating line‐markings. The proposed algorithm includes a slot‐validation step that identifies multiple slot contexts in a probabilistic integration and has more flexibility on irregular patterns. In the slot‐occupancy classification stage, reliable parking‐availability detection is achieved through visual‐slot features including the histogram of gradient and frequency–magnitude features, via a support vector machine. Simulations and vehicle‐level experiments demonstrate the robustness of the proposed algorithm in diverse conditions.
Emerging roles of gut microbiota and the immune system in the development of the enteric nervous system (2015)

The enteric nervous system (ENS) consists of neurons and glial cells that differentiate from neural crest progenitors. During embryogenesis, development of the ENS is controlled by the interplay of neural crest cell-intrinsic factors and instructive cues from the surrounding gut mesenchyme. However, postnatal ENS development occurs in a different context, which is characterized by the presence of microbiota and an extensive immune system, suggesting an important role of these factors on enteric neural circuit formation and function. Initial reports confirm this idea while further studies in this area promise new insights into ENS physiology and pathophysiology.
Minimum duration outages in Markov channels (2002)

We present an analytical framework for the computation of the outage probability, the outage duration and the frequency of outage. A Markov description is assumed for the channel, which allows closed-form solutions and can effectively model many situations of interest. Outage events are defined as the channel being attenuated for at least a time duration /spl tau/ (minimum duration outage). Also, extensions of this concept and applications to higher-layer performance are discussed.
Does Modified Amino Acid Total Parenteral Nutrition Alter Immune‐Response in High Level Surgical Stress (1983)

A randomized prospective double‐blinded study was conducted in patients in moderate to high level surgical stress to ascertain the effect of high dose branched‐chain (BcAA) hyperalimentation on skin test reactivity and lymphocyte count. Isocaloric, isonitrogenous balanced total parenteral nutrition solutions were administered to two treatment groups. The study group received the high dose (45% BcAA) solution while the control group received a standard amino acid solution (24.2% BcAA). All patients received 1 to 1.5 g/kg/day of amino acids and 30 nonprotein cal/kg/day, with 30% of them as fat. Immune function was assessed by absolute lymphocyte count and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity on days 0 and 7 of therapy. Absolute lymphocyte count showed a marked improvement in patients receiving high dose aBcAA ( p < 0.03). All patients were anergic at baseline; a much greater percentage of skin test reactivitry was observed in the BcAA group on day 7 ( p < 0.03). They were also in positive nitrogen balance. The data suggest that improved nitrogen retention and immune‐competence is possible with branched‐chain‐enriched hyperalimentation in high level surgical stress. ( Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 7 :521–524, 1983)
Immobilized pH gradients (IPG) simulator ‐ an additional step in pH gradient engineering: II. Nonlinear pH gradients (1991)

While in the companion paper (Tonani, C. & Righetti, P. G., Electrophoresis 1991, 12, 1011-1021) we gave the general outline of our new computer program, immobilized pH gradients (IPG) simulator, able to simulate and optimize linear pH gradients for isoelectric focusing in immobilized pH gradients, in the present report we extend the application of such a program to: (i) convex exponential gradients, (ii) logarithmic and (iii) polynomial gradients. Such gradients are meant to give equal space to protein spots in complex protein mixtures (e.g., cell lysates, biological fluids) and follow the statistical distribution of protein pI values along the pH axis. They will prove of fundamental importance in two-dimensional maps, both because they optimize the spreading of spots in the two-dimensional plane and because of the excellent reproducibility of immobilized pH gradients. The following concave exponential recipes are given: pH 3-8, pH 3-9, pH 3-10, pH 3-11, pH 4-7, pH 4-8, pH 4-9, pH 4-10, pH 4-11, pH 5-8, pH 5-9, and pH 5-10, as well as the most extended pH 2.5-11 interval. Two interesting logarithmic gradients are described: pH 3-6 and pH 3-7 and one sigmoidal (derived with a polynomial of 5th degree): pH 3-11.
Role of Exosomes in Myocardial Remodeling (2014)

Exosomes are nanovesicles released from cells through exocytosis and are known to be mediators of proximal as well as distant cell-to-cell signaling. They are surrounded by a classical bilayered membrane with an exceptionally high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio. Exosomes were first described in 1977, then named prostasomes, and in 1987 the name exosome was coined. Exosomes contain surface proteins, some of which can act as labels in order to find their target cells. Exosomes also contain messages in the form of proteins and nucleic acids (RNA and DNA) that are transferable to target cells. Little is known and written about cardiac exosomes, although Gupta and Knowlton described exosomes containing HSP60 in 2007. It is now known that exosomes from cardiomyocytes can transfect other cells and that the metabolic milieu of the parental cell decides the quality of exosomes released such that they induce differential gene expression in transfected cells. Future clinical use of exosomes in diagnosis, monitoring disease progress, and treatment is promising.
Channel modeling for polarized MIMO systems (2011)

This thesis treats of channel models for polarized multi-antenna wireless systems. Polarized multi-antenna systems are systems that use perpendicularly polarized, co-located antennas at the base station and at the mobile terminal,\nin order to benet from the so-called polarization diversity. Such systems benefit from the advantages of MIMO systems while still maintaining a compact equipment size. Two models will be presented in this thesis. The first one is\nthe Polarized-Input Polarized-Output (PIPO) channel model, the second one is the Polarized-Diuse-Directional channel model. \nThe PIPO model is a statistical channel model for tri-polarized to tri-polarized communication systems. A tri-polarized antenna system is a tranceiver using three perpendicular antennas. The aim of the PIPO channel model\nis to have a model that has a simple mathematical structure, so it can be used for solving precoding equations or capacity calculations. Although the PIPO model has a very simple structure, it takes the following parameters into\naccount: coherent channel component, cross-polar channel power imbalance, inter-channel correlation, short- and long-scale time variance. Experimental measurements are used to parameterize the model. It is shown how the model\nparameters are extracted from experimental measurements, and the results are analyzed to allow further simplication of the model.\nThe PDD model, on the other hand, is a geometry-based stochastic channel model. It models the channel as a sum of clusters, where each cluster consists of groups of multipath components (MPCs). The PDD model includes two\nnovelties that will be developed in detail in this thesis.\n1. The model considers polarization on a per-cluster basis. This permits to have a more accurate description of the polar-angular spectrum.\n2. The diffuse multipath component (DMC) is included by considering a diffuse component for each cluster. The diffuse cluster component is then modeled as the sum of a set of diffuse MPCs.\nThe model is specified in detail, and it is shown how the model can be generated. Experimental measurements were carried out to parameterize the model. A new extraction technique for extracting the specular-diffuse clusters from the\nmeasurements is proposed. This technique is based on joint clustering of the specular MPCs and the bins of the diffuse component. The experimental results are analyzed, and superimposed with environment information to gain further\ninsight into the physical aspects of clustered propagation.\nFinally, both models are validated. Several validation metrics are introduced, and their pertinence in the context of polarized MIMO systems is highlighted. Both models are successfully validated, and the advantages and limitations of each models are investigated.
Enhanced Video Representation Using Objects. (2002)

Object-based video representations such as MPEG-4 have opened up new possibilities for video content access and manipulation. In this paper, we present a new objectbased video representation paradigm, using appearance spaces. Our scheme enables fully automated extraction of semantic video objects for a class of sequences, and the development of a compressed, highly flexible representation of the video sequence based on extracted content. Our video representation supports content-based retrieval, as well as numerous enhanced features such as hyperlinking of videos, motion-icons for video browsing, automatic annotation, content-authoring facilities and semantic transcoding.
On reducing the processing load of Redundancy Elimination algorithms (2011)

Redundancy Elimination (RE) algorithms, which typically are used for improving network performance, work by splitting network packet payload in content dependent chunks and comparing their fingerprints for similarity. However, due to excessive processing power demand, most of the proposed algorithms are not suitable for real world deployment. This work proposes a novel technique, which takes into account the traffic type (video, text, music, etc.), and uses that to reduce the processing load form the RE boxes. Preliminary results show that this technique decreases the processor load by an average of 75% with an example mix of text and binary files, while keeping the compression factor comparable to that of similar algorithms. The total memory access, and the cache size per node are also decreased greatly.
Synthesis of some 7-phenylpyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidine derivatives. III. (1987)

2-Amino-4-phenylpyrrolyl-3-carbonitrile (I) was reacted with ethyl formylacetate sodium salt affording 1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7-phenylpyrolo[1,2-a]pyrimidin-8-carbonitrile (II), which was alkylated with EtI to give (III), which in turn was hydrolyzed to (IV). Treatment of both (III) and (IV) with 99% H3PO4 at approximately 200 degrees gave 1,4-dihydro-1-ethyl-7-phenylpyrrolo-[1,2-a]pyrimidin-4-one (V) whose structure was ascertained by an unequivocal synthesis starting from (I) and diethyl ethoxymethylenmalonate. Compound (V) was prepared in order to test its pharmacological properties in comparison with 4,7-dihydro-4-ethyl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-7-one, which showed an antiinflammatory activity comparable to that of phenylbutazone and indomethacine, and which was found devoid of ulcerogenic properties.
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of a Recombinant, Genetically Engineered, Live-Attenuated Vaccine against Canine Blastomycosis (2011)

Blastomycosis is a severe, commonly fatal infection caused by the dimorphic fungus Blastomyces dermatitidis in dogs that live in the United States, Canada, and parts of Africa. The cost of treating an infection can be expensive, and no vaccine against this infection is commercially available. A genetically engineered live-attenuated strain of B. dermatitidis lacking the major virulence factor BAD-1 successfully vaccinates against lethal experimental infection in mice. Here we studied the safety, toxicity, and immunogenicity of this strain as a vaccine in dogs, using 25 beagles at a teaching laboratory and 78 foxhounds in a field trial. In the beagles, escalating doses of live vaccine ranging from 2 × 10⁴ to 2 × 10⁷ yeast cells given subcutaneously were safe and did not disseminate to the lung or induce systemic illness, but a dose of < 2 × 10⁶ yeast cells induced less fever and local inflammation. A vaccine dose of 10⁵ yeast cells was also well tolerated in vaccinated foxhounds who had never had blastomycosis; however, vaccinated dogs with prior infection had more local reactions at the vaccine site. The draining lymph node cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes from vaccinated dogs demonstrated gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) specifically in response to stimulation with Blastomyces antigens. Thus, the live-attenuated vaccine against blastomycosis studied here proved safe, well tolerated, and immunogenic in dogs and merits further studies of vaccine efficacy.
Brominated Furanones Inhibit Biofilm Formation by <i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium (2008)

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a main cause of bacterial food-borne diseases. As Salmonella can form biofilms in which it is better protected against antimicrobial agents on a wide diversity of surfaces, it is of interest to explore ways to inhibit biofilm formation. Brominated furanones, originally extracted from the marine alga Delisea pulchra, are known to interfere with biofilm formation in several pathogens. In this study, we have synthesized a small focused library of brominated furanones and tested their activity against S. enterica serovar Typhimurium biofilm formation. We show that several furanones inhibit Salmonella biofilm formation at non-growth-inhibiting concentrations. The most interesting compounds are (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-alkyl-2(5H)-furanones with chain lengths of two to six carbon atoms. A microarray study was performed to analyze the gene expression profiles of Salmonella in the presence of (Z)-4-bromo-5-(bromomethylene)-3-ethyl-2(5H)-furanone. The induced genes include genes that are involved in metabolism, stress response, and drug sensitivity. Most of the repressed genes are involved in metabolism, the type III secretion system, and flagellar biosynthesis. Follow-up experiments confirmed that this furanone interferes with the synthesis of flagella by Salmonella. No evidence was found that furanones act on the currently known quorum-sensing systems in Salmonella. Interestingly, pretreatment with furanones rendered Salmonella biofilms more susceptible to antibiotic treatment. Conclusively, this work demonstrates that particular brominated furanones have potential in the prevention of biofilm formation by Salmonella serovar Typhimurium.
Surface modification on nanoscale titanium dioxide by radiation: Preparation and characterization (2006)

Abstract Electron beam mutual radiation to induce graft polymerization has been carried out respectively, between nanoscale anatase‐ or rutile‐titanium dioxide particles surface and methyl methacrylate (MMA). The composition and properties of surface modified titanium dioxide were investigated by a number of surface sensitive techniques: X‐ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS), FTIR, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and NMR. Results of the technological measurements show how surface chemistry is affected throughout the surface modification process, finally leading to a complete and homogeneous vinyl compound overlayer on top of the titanium dioxide samples. In comparison with stereochemical structures of the graft molecular chains and the PMMA induced by radiation polymerization, the surfaces of the oxides are considered to provide a template for the graft polymerization. The grafted titanium dioxide is found to produce a stable colloidal dispersion, in good solvents for the grafted polymer, and the dispersibility of grafted dioxides is influenced by temperature. In addition, the wettability of the surface of titanium dioxide to water is readily controlled by grafting of hydrophilic or hydrophobic polymers. Based on the above results, it is concluded that MMA is covalently linked to the surface of titanium dioxide by a surface modification process. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 100: 3510–3518, 2006
Prevention of Skin Cancer (1988)

Our understanding of the carcinogenic process as it relates to human skin cancer is growing rapidly. As this understanding increases, so will our ability to alter the process in a positive fashion. Presently, sun exposure is known to be the major carcinogen in human skin. The use of sunscreens is, and will continue to be, the most effective method of preventing human skin cancer. As these agents become more effective, especially against long-wave UV radiation, and as patients begin to use them more conscientiously, we should experience a decrease in skin cancer rates. In addition, a number of chemical agents are presently being investigated as anticarcinogens, especially in those patients who are at high risk for the development of skin cancers. A number of these hold promise as safe and effective chemopreventatives in reducing the morbidity and mortality of cancer in human skin.