gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations on the EB virus envelope and virus‐determined membrane antigen (MA) polypeptides (1980)

Experiments have been carried out to identify the polypeptide components of the Epstein-Barr (EB) virus-determined membrane antigen (MA) complex. Cells were radioiodinated using lactoperoxidase and the 125I-labelled surface antigens, released by Triton X100, were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) after complexing either with human sera having anti-MA activity or with a rabbit antiserum to EB virus. Using cells carrying EB virus isolated from four different conditions, including for the first time nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), we have demonstrated four major polypeptides. One, with a molecular weight of 85,000, was remarkedly constant irrespective of the cell line from which it came; two, with molecular weights varying from 240,000 to 270,000 and from 320,000 to 340,000, showed minor differences in mobility apparently depending on the species of origin of the cells (human or marmoset), rather than disparity between strains of virus. A fourth component, of 160,000 daltons, was found on only two of the cell lines studied. In addition, it has been shown for the first time that the same polypeptides composing the MA complex are present on the viral envelope itself. The fact that the rabbit antiserum to EV virus recognized only the two highest molecular weight MA components, yet showed virus-neutralizing activity, indicates the importance of these two polypeptides for use in a vaccine designed to induce virus-neutralizing antibodies.
Effects of linker sequences on vesicle fusion mediated by lipid-anchored DNA oligonucleotides (2009)

Synthetic lipid-oligonucleotide conjugates inserted into lipid vesicles mediate fusion when one population of vesicles displays the 5'-coupled conjugate and the other the 3'-coupled conjugate, so that anti-parallel hybridization allows the membrane surfaces to come into close proximity. Improved assays show that lipid mixing proceeds more quickly and to a much greater extent than content mixing, suggesting the latter is rate limiting. To test the effect of membrane-membrane spacing on fusion, a series of conjugates was constructed by adding 2-24 noncomplementary bases at the membrane-proximal ends of two complementary sequences. Increasing linker lengths generally resulted in progressively reduced rates and extents of lipid and content mixing, in contrast to higher vesicle docking rates. The relatively flexible, single-stranded DNA linker facilitates docking but allows greater spacing between the vesicles after docking, thus making the transition into fusion less probable, but not preventing it altogether. These experiments demonstrate the utility of DNA as a model system for fusion proteins, where sequence can easily be modified to systematically probe the effect of distance between bilayers in the fusion reaction.
Structural Transformations of the PbO2 Active Material during Cycling (1975)

A combined optical and scanning electron microscope study of the electrode has revealed changes in the crystallography and the tendency of to form a network during life cycle tests. It was found that during cycling a definite coralloid structure developed. The mode of deposition and crystal form of the crystals changed with increasing cycle life.
Classification and Overview of Meshfree Methods (2004)

This paper gives an overview over Meshfree Methods. Starting point is an extended and modified classification of Meshfree Methods due to three aspects: The construction of a partition of unity, the choice of an approximation either with or without using an extrinsic basis and the choice of test functions, resulting into a collocation, Bubnov-Galerkin or Petrov-Galerkin Meshfree Method. Most of the relevant Meshfree Methods are described taking into account their different origins and viewpoints as well as their advantages and disadvantages. Typical problems arising in meshfree methods like integration, treatment of essential boundary conditions, coupling with mesh-based methods etc.~are discussed. Some valuing comments about the most important aspects can be found at the end of each section. This text was revised in 2004
Neuro-symbolic representation learning on biological knowledge graphs (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Botulinum Toxin A Treatment of Perioral Rhytides (2003)

BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin A is well documented as a useful therapy for smoothing dynamic facial rhytides of the upper face. Most controlled studies have focused on the treatment of glabellar frown lines, horizontal forehead lines, and crow's feet. Reports of botulinum toxin A use in the lower face are few and anecdotal. OBJECTIVE We present our experience using botulinum toxin A in the lip as a treatment of vertical perioral rhytides, which resulted in the added cosmetic benefits of lip eversion and enhanced lip fullness. METHODS Eighteen patients were injected with botulinum toxin A into the vertical lip rhytides. The effect of treatment was evaluated at 2 to 3 weeks after procedure. RESULTS Smoothening of hyperfunctional lines and upper lip fullness/eversion is observed in patients treated with perioral botulinum toxin A injections; 72% of patients continued treatment. CONCLUSIONS In select patients, perioral botulinum toxin A results in amelioration of perioral rhytides and enhancement of lip fullness and lip eversion.
Barter Online Network (2015)

Abstract Barter is the direct exchange of goods or services without using a medium of exchange, such as money. Barter faced a number of limitations, and according to Smith (1776), these limitations led to the emergence of money. However, trading with money also exposes traders to the problems of monetary economy such as inflation, deflation, currency de-valuation, and currency exchange fluctuation. According to Statista.com (2015), in 2016, global Business to Customer (B2C) e-commerce sales will reach 1.92 trillion US dollars. On the other hand, online barter solutions are rare on the market. The only attempts to tackle online barter are mobile applications, carried out by small businesses. The market gap is caused by the unsolved inefficiencies of barter. The aim of this thesis is to identify the problems of barter, propose an IT solution for the problems of barter, and finally, produce an artefact, which is the realisation of the proposed IT solution by utilising computer systems and computer algorithms.
Enhanced Electrical Conductivity of Indium Tin Oxide Films by Ag Addition (1998)

Ag-added indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films were prepared using conventional radio frequency (rf) magnetron sputtering with an ITO target on which Ag chips were placed. A small amount of Ag addition (< 1 at.%) lowered the resistivity by ∼30% with only a slight decrease in the visible range transparency. The enhancement in conductivity was equivalent to lowering the substrate temperature by ∼50°C. At a substrate temperature of 250°C, the resistivity (ρ) of 2.0 ×10 -4 Ωcm with a carrier density ( n ) of 7.1 ×10 20 cm -3 and Hall mobility (µ) of 44 cm 2 V -1 s -1 was obtained for the ITO (8.1 at.% Sn) film with 0.6 at.% Ag, whereas ρ=2.8×10 -4 Ωcm with n =4.9×10 20 cm -3 and µ=46 cm 2 V -1 s -1 was obtained for the ITO film without Ag addition. The Ag addition enhanced the crystallinity and the densification of the film. The enhanced electrical conductivity due to Ag addition is explained by the increase in the efficiency of Sn doping.
Multiport method for the measurement of the scattering parameters of N-ports (2005)

The multiport method for the precise measurement of the scattering parameters of N-port devices with a two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) is presented. The scattering parameters of an N port cannot be measured directly with a two-port VNA if N>2. Only the scattering parameters of all two-port combinations of the device-under-test (DUT) are measurable. Thereby, the measured two-port scattering parameters strongly depend on the external terminations of the DUTs ports, which are not connected to the VNA during the measurements. In order to eliminate the influences of these external possibly reflective terminations, an error correction has to be performed. In comparison to known correction methods, the multiport method has some advantages. Firstly, the external terminations can be chosen arbitrarily, i.e., short and open circuits are realizable as long as the topology of the DUT allows it. Secondly, the terminations, except for one, can be unknown, leading to a reduction of the inconsistency problem caused by erroneous data of the external terminations, which is also known from the calibration of VNAs with completely known calibration standards. The good performance of the multiport method is shown by measured results.
Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2009–2010 (2014)

This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
SAP: A robust approach to track objects in video streams with Snakes And Points (2004)

This paper presents a robust and generic approach of object tracking in video sequences. Here, the object to track is described by considering two wellknown image primitives: first, its content is described with Points of interest. Such points are automatically extracted and then characterized according to a selective spatial appearance-based model. Second, the object envelope is described with a Snake. The originality of the SAP approach consists in a complementary use of these two primitives: the snake allows to reduce the points tracking to a limited area in each frame, and the spatial point description is exploited during the snake tracking, making the process robust to wide occlusions. Since no model of trajectory is considered, the approach is robust to wide motions of object and camera. The relevance of this approach has been evaluated on several video streams. Results obtained with the most representative of them are presented in this paper. The algorithms involved have been implemented with the aim of achieving near real-time performance.
High frequency of allele-specific down-regulation of HLA class I expression in lung cancer cell lines. (2004)

Loss or down-regulation of HLA expression has been demonstrated in various types of solid tumors and is considered to be one of the mechanisms of tumor immunoescape. The effectiveness of immunotherapy using tumor-specific antigens (TSA) largely depends on the expression of the appropriate HLA class I alleles on the tumor cells. We analyzed the allele-specific HLA class I surface expression of six lung cancer cell lines using a broad panel of allele-specific monoclonal antibodies, as well as the effect of IFN-gamma on HLA expression. Flow cytometric analysis displayed a wide range, from minimal to a high degree of expression of monomorphic HLA class I among the studied cell lines. Allele-specific loss or down-regulation of HLA also was observed in 5 out of 6 cell lines. Our results suggest that lung cancer patients considered for specific immunotherapy should be examined with respect to the expression of specific HLA class I allele binding the TSA.
Treatment outcome of otomycosis in Ilorin, Nigeria. (2002)

Among 141 patients suspected of having otomycosis, 76 (53.9%) were mycologically confirmed. The fungi isolated were Aspergillus sp (63.4%), Candida (35.5%) and Mucor (1.3%). Ninety-six per cent were symptom free within 2 weeks of topical application of 1% clotrimazole cream, after thorough failures in the cleaning of debri in the ear canal. Treatment failures were minimal, including recurrence (2.6%), acute otitis externa (1.3%), foreign body in the ear (1.3%) and blocking of ear by therapeutic agent (2.6%). This treatment regimen is simple, efficacious, cost effective and safe; hence it is recommended for adoption in the management of otomycosis.
Charge-Based Forces at the Nafion–Water Interface (2013)

Interfacial water lying next to hydrophilic surfaces has been shown to be spectroscopically, mechanically, and electrically distinct from bulk water. Interfacial water has also been shown to exclude negatively and positively charged microspheres and has thus become known as the "exclusion zone". Measurements have demonstrated that exclusion zones exhibit a negative electrical potential on the order of -100 mV relative to bulk water, with a corresponding distribution of positive protons in the bulk water region beyond the exclusion zone. This separation of charge is hypothesized to create an electrostatic force between the exclusion zone and the proton-enriched zone beyond. To test this hypothesis, a hydrophilic Nafion ring was attached to the tip of a deflectable ribbonlike force sensor. The sensor was designed to obstruct the flow of protons from one side of the lever to the other, so that any proton-based force would remain unilateral. pH-sensitive dye measurements confirmed that the protons were largely confined to one side. When the lever assembly was exposed to water, the sensor deflected toward the protons. Over a period of 20 min, deflection amounted to approximately 20 μm, corresponding to a force of approximately 22 μN. Hence, electrostatic forces are confirmed. If exclusion zones exist ubiquitously at hydrophilic surfaces, including biological surfaces, then the resulting electrostatic forces may play significant roles in many biological phenomena including adhesion and protein folding.
Low-power single-precision IEEE Floating-point unit (2003)

Floating point adders are area and power intensive, but essential in high performance systems. The Software-Controlled Architectures and Low Energy (SCALE) project requires a low-power single-precision IEEE floating-point adder cluster. Two adder architectures, one containing a single longer computational path, and one containing two shorter parallel computational paths were implemented using minimal area modules. Inputs to the parallel computational paths were registered, and only enabled when that computational path was valid, reducing switching activity. Energy measurements were made of the dual path adder with and without inhibit control and the single path adder, to determine the most energy efficient design.
The British Columbia Mammography Screening Program: evaluation of the first 15 months. (1992)

We report our experiences in the first 15 months of a government-funded pilot project begun in 1988 to study the feasibility of rapid throughput, low-cost screening mammography in British Columbia. The primary goals of the project were (1) to determine the unit cost of screening mammography within the context of the program; (2) to design and put into operation a centralized system of data collection, analysis, and quality control to enable calculations of cancer detection rates, biopsy rates, biopsy yield ratios, staging, and other specific cancer characteristics; and (3) to study compliance in the community where the program was offered. A total of 11,824 women had mammography at a unit cost of U.S. $32.66. Computerized analysis revealed that (1) 11% of women had known primary risk factors; (2) findings on mammograms were interpreted as abnormal in 9% of screening examinations; (3) breast cancers were confirmed in 47 (22%) of 211 patients who had biopsies, and 87% of these were stage 0-1. The overall cancer detection rate was four per 1000, with five per 1000 for women who had not had mammography in the preceding 2 years and one per 1000 for women who had had mammography in the past 2 years. The results show that screening mammography can be conducted at low cost. Data collection and analysis and compliance were sufficiently convincing to initiate province-wide expansion.
RNA-binding protein nucleolin in disease (2012)

Nucleolin is a multifunctional protein localized primarily in the nucleolus, but also found in the nucleoplasm, cytoplasm and cell membrane. It is involved in several aspects of DNA metabolism, and participates extensively in RNA regulatory mechanisms, including transcription, ribosome assembly, mRNA stability and translation, and microRNA processing. Nucleolin's implication in disease is linked to its ability to associate with target RNAs via its four RNA-binding domains and its arginine/glycin-rich domain. By modulating the post-transcriptional fate of target mRNAs, which typically bear AU-rich and/or G-rich elements, nucleolin has been linked to cellular events that influence disease, notably cell proliferation and protection against apoptotic death. Through its diverse RNA functions, nucleolin is increasingly implicated in pathological processes, particularly cancer and viral infection. Here, we review the RNA-binding activities of nucleolin, its influence on gene expression patterns, and its impact upon diseases. We also discuss the rising interest in targeting nucleolin therapeutically.
Amorphous carbon coatings prepared by high rate rf plasma deposition from fluorinated benzenes (1985)

Amorphous carbon films were prepared by radio frequency plasma deposition from benzene and fluorinated benzenes: C6H6−mFm with m=0–6. The films have been characterized spectroscopically. The infrared spectrum shows that besides hydrogen, fluorine is incorporated in the films. With increasing m the concentration of fluorine in the film increases while the amount of chemically bonded hydrogen decreases and vanishes for m&gt;3. The properties of these hydrogenated fluorinated amorphous carbon films (a-C:H,F) are qualitatively similar to those of hard carbon coatings (a-C:H) prepared from benzene. However, the deposition rate has been found to rise significantly (up to 900 nm min−1) with increasing fluorine content, m, in the substituted benzene. Optical data and protective properties of the films are reported.
Subsurface damage in some single crystalline optical materials (2005)

We present a nondestructive method for estimating the depth of subsurface damage (SSD) in some single crystalline optical materials (silicon, lithium niobate, calcium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, and sapphire); the method is established by correlating surface microroughness measurements, specifically, the peak-to-valley (p-v) microroughness, to the depth of SSD found by a novel destructive method. Previous methods for directly determining the depth of SSD may be insufficient when applied to single crystals that are very soft or very hard. Our novel destructive technique uses magnetorheological finishing to polish spots onto a ground surface. We find that p-v surface microroughness, appropriately scaled, gives an upper bound to SSD. Our data suggest that SSD in the single crystalline optical materials included in our study (deterministically microground, lapped, and sawed) is always less than 1.4 times the p-v surface microroughness found by white-light interferometry. We also discuss another way of estimating SSD based on the abrasive size used.
Infections of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices (2012)

As cardiac implantable electronic devices become increasingly common, infections (generally caused by staphylococci) are also more frequent. In addition to antibiotic therapy, complete removal of the device is required for cure.
Lateral diffusion of amphiphiles and macromolecules at the air/water interface (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLateral diffusion of amphiphiles and macromolecules at the air/water interfaceSanghoon Kim and Hyuk YuCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 10, 4034–4040Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100189a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100189a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Thermal Ring‐Cleavage Fragmentation of 2‐Azido‐1‐methylindole and 2‐Azidobenzo(b)furan. (1989)

Abstract Mild thermal fragmentation of the methylindole (II) gives the dicyanide (I); in the presence of methyl acrylate (III) the products (IV) and (V) are obtained.
The "Persistor"-A Superconducting Memory Element (1960)

The basic components of a Persistor memory element are a superconducting inductor in parallel with a switch element which is normally superconducting, but which becomes resistive when the current exceeds a critical value. When a suitable current pulse is applied to a Persistor memory element, a persistent circulating current is stored. A second pulse in the same direction as the first makes no change, but a pulse in the opposite direction reverses the circulating current and produces a voltage across the element. By mutual inductance coupling to two or more driving circuits, these memory elements can be made to operate in matrices similar to those employed with ferromagnetic cores. Persistor memory elements utilizing lead inductors and thin tin or indium films have performed typical memory unit functions for pulses of 15-mμsec duration and a repetition rate of 15 mc. Performance at higher speeds is possible. The limiting speed is determined by the thickness of the thin film switch element and can be made as fast as is useful for the other parts of the associated circuits. The elements are well suited to compact printed circuit production, with densities of a million per cubic foot possible.