gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neomycin reversibly disrupts mitotic progression in stamen hair cells of <i>Tradescantia</i> (1991)

ABSTRACT Neomycin has been reported to inhibit polyphosphoinositide cycling by preventing the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, through the mobilization of calcium, and 1,2-diacylglycerol, through the activation of protein kinase C, trigger many physiological responses. The addition of 2 mM neomycin to stamen hair cells of Tradescantia virginiana at various [mints during mitosis arrests cells in prophase, prior to nuclear envelope breakdown, or in metaphase. Arrest in prophase is irreversible. Metaphase arrest can persist for over 2h before the cells attempt to revert to interphase without dividing. Entry into anaphase by the majority of cells in our sample arrested in metaphse occurred after treatment with 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol while 1,3-dioctanoylglycerol was totally ineffective at reversal. Perfusion of 100 μM calcium chloride solution past the cells was sufficient to reverse arrest in approximately half of the cells in the sample. Magnesium could not be substituted for calcium in the reversal. Clindamycin, another member of this class of aminoglycoside antibiotics, with no known inhibitory effect on polyphosphoinositide cycling, is without effect on mitotic progression in stamen hair cells. Our results indirectly implicate one or more episodes of polyphosphoinositide cycling and its resultant protein phosphorylation by protein kinase C in the regulatory cascade that leads to anaphase.
The retinoblastoma gene product inhibits TGF-beta1 induced apoptosis in primary rat hepatocytes and human HuH-7 hepatoma cells. (1996)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) can induce rapid growth arrest and apoptosis in hepatic cells. Its growth suppressive effects appear to be linked to decreased phosphorylation of the protein product of the retinoblastoma gene, pRb. To characterize the role of pRb in apoptosis, we examined endogenous retinoblastoma gene (Rb) expression following treatment with TGF-beta1, okadaic acid, or antisense Rb S-oligonucleotides in cultured primary rat hepatocytes and human hepatoma HuH-7 cells. We also investigated the effects on apoptosis of Rb overexpression following transfection with vectors containing wild-type Rb in HuH-7 cells. Our results indicated that transfection with Rb antisense S-oligonucleotides blocked the expression of pRb in cultured primary hepatocytes and induced apoptosis. Treatment of HuH-7 cells with TGF-beta1 inhibited expression and phosphorylation of pRb, and also induced apoptosis. Furthermore, 93% of viable preapoptotic cells were arrested in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Incubation with the phosphatase inhibitor okadaic acid maintained pRb in its phosphorylated state, and resulted in significant apoptosis. Overexpression of wild-type Rb inhibited TGF-beta1 induced apoptosis in HuH-7 cells. In contrast, overexpression of transcription factor E2F-1, a known target for the activity of pRb, caused significant apoptosis. However, coexpression of Rb suppressed E2F-1 induced apoptosis in HuH-7 cells. Our results suggest that inhibition of pRb expression is associated with hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, E2F-1 appears to be a target in the pathway through which pRb modulates the apoptotic threshold in hepatic cells. Finally, the data suggest that these cells exit the cell cycle during the G1 phase before progressing into apoptosis and pRb may be a negative regulator of this process.
PSA velocity in conservatively managed BPH: Can it predict the need for BPH-related invasive therapy? (2006)

PSAV did not predict BPH progression in either alpha(1)-blocker treated patients or WW group.
Intrinsic RGB and multispectral images recovery by independent quadratic programming (2020)

This work introduces a method to estimate reflectance, shading, and specularity from a single image. Reflectance, shading, and specularity are intrinsic images derived from the dichromatic model. Estimation of these intrinsic images has many applications in computer vision such as shape recovery, specularity removal, segmentation, or classification. The proposed method allows for recovering the dichromatic model parameters thanks to two independent quadratic programming steps. Compared to the state of the art in this domain, our approach has the advantage to address a complex inverse problem into two parallelizable optimization steps that are easy to solve and do not require learning. The proposed method is an extension of a previous algorithm that is rewritten to be numerically more stable, has better quantitative and qualitative results, and applies to multispectral images. The proposed method is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively on standard RGB and multispectral datasets.
Identification of 2‐keto‐3‐deoxy‐1,7‐dicarboxyheptonic acid as a constituent of the lipopolysaccharide of <i>Acinetobacter calcoaceticus</i> NCTC 10305 (1985)

A 3-deoxyaldulosonic acid, not previously described, was identified as a component of the lipopolysaccharide of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus NCTC 10305: 2-keto-3-deoxy-1,7-dicarboxyheptonic acid. This compound, whose steric configuration has not been determined, was released from lipopolysaccharide after acid hydrolysis as monosaccharide and in the form of a glucose-substituted disaccharide. It was identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry using various derivatization procedures. The presence of a 2-keto-3-deoxyaldulosonic acid was established from the typical fragmentation pattern of the C1-C6 moiety which was identical to that of similarly derivatized authentic 2-keto-3-deoxy-D-mannooctonic acid (dOclA). Location of the keto and deoxy function at C2 and C3, respectively, was deduced from the fragmentation pattern of the deuterolabelled derivatives after reduction of the keto and carboxy groups. The presence of two carboxy groups was ascertained after carboxy reduction with sodium boro-(2H)hydride of the carbonyl-reduced and permethylated derivative whereby the molecular masses were found to differ by 4 Da. Further proof for the presence of two carboxy groups was obtained by alkaline transesterification of the carbonyl-reduced and permethylated derivative with ethanolic sodium ethylate: it was shown that two methyl ester groups had been transesterified since the molecular mass was shifted higher by 28 Da. Substitution by a D-glucopyranosyl residue in position 4 was established by methylation analysis performed on the carbonyl- and carboxyl-reduced and permethylated disaccharide. The D-configuration of the glucosyl residue was determined by its reactivity with D-glucose oxidase. Thus, the structure of the disaccharide is 4-O-glucopyranosyl-2-keto-3-deoxy-1,7-dicarboxyheptonic acid.
PROPHYLAXIS AGAINST VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IN THE ELDERLY BY REGULAR SUNLIGHT EXPOSURE (1986)

The effects of regular sunlight exposure on levels of vitamin D metabolites and on other indices of calcium metabolism have been studied in elderly rest-home residents. Fifteen subjects who formerly went outdoors very infrequently were studied over a 4-week period while spending 0, 15 or 30 minutes daily sitting on the rest-home verandah. During this time, levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] rose by 7.4 +/- 1.2 (s.e.m.) microgram/1 in the group spending 30 minutes per day outdoors (P less than 0.005) and there was a smaller but nonsignificant increase in the 15 minutes per day group also. Serum 1,25 (OH)2D levels did not change during the study but serum ionized calcium and alkaline phosphatase showed small, but significant, decreases. Intestinal strontium absorption increased in both treatment groups (P less than 0.05), indicating a similar change in calcium absorption. It is concluded that 30 minutes spent outdoors each day leads to a substantial increase in 25(OH)D levels in elderly subjects and that this has significant effects upon other indices of calcium metabolism. This regimen provides a safe and inexpensive method for the prevention of osteomalacia in frail elderly subjects.
Bisphosphonates in multiple myeloma (1997)

The major clinical manifestations of multiple myeloma are related to enhanced bone destruction resulting in osteolytic lesions, osteoporosis, and pathologic fractures in most patients as well as hypercalcemia and spinal cord compression in many individuals. These patients frequently require radiation therapy or surgery. In an attempt to reduce these complications, bisphosphonates have been evaluated in several large randomized trials in patients also receiving chemotherapy. Oral etidronate given daily showed no clinical benefit, whereas the use of oral clodronate daily did reduce the development of new osteolytic lesions but did not significantly affect bone pain or rates of pathologic fractures. A large, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in which Stage III multiple myeloma patients received either pamidronate (90 mg) or placebo as a 4-hour infusion every 4 weeks for 21 cycles in addition to antimyeloma chemotherapy. The proportion of patients with at least one skeletal complication was significantly reduced in the pamidronate group compared with the placebo group. Although survival was not different between the pamidronate and placebo groups overall, patients in whom first-line chemotherapy had failed when they entered the trial lived longer with pamidronate treatment than those receiving placebo. Patients who received pamidronate had significant decreases in bone pain, had less analgesic drug use, and had better Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status than patients receiving placebo. Pamidronate was safe and well tolerated during the trial. Cancer 1997; 80:1661-7. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
In vivo and in vitro effects of CM 57755, a new gastric antisecretory agent acting on histamine H2 receptors. (1984)

The pharmacological activity of CM 57755, a new gastric antisecretory compound of the anti-H2 type, was studied in certain in vivo and in vitro preparations. In stomach-lumen perfused rats it proved to be, on a molar basis, half as active as cimetidine and 1/13 as active as ranitidine in inhibiting histamine-induced gastric acid secretion. On the other hand, CM 57755 administered to conscious gastric-fistula cats, either i.v. or intragastrically, depressed the hypersecretory plateau evoked by constant infusion of dimaprit with a potency comparable to that of cimetidine. In this preparation, the inhibition at equieffective doses of antagonists was more sustained for CM 57755 than for cimetidine and ranitidine. Applied to isolated guinea-pig right atria and gastric mucosa, CM 57755 competitively antagonized histamine effects (respective pA2's: 5.4 and 5.9) but was less potent than expected from its in vivo antisecretory activity. Bioavailability and/or biotransformation are the factors most likely to account for the differences observed between species, and between in vivo and in vitro studies for this long-acting antisecretory agent.
Effects of Pitavastatin on Insulin Sensitivity and Liver Fat: A Randomized Clinical Trial (2018)

Compared with placebo, pitavastatin did not affect hepatic or whole-body insulin sensitivity, and it did not reduce liver fat.
Biogenesis of respiratory cytochromes in bacteria (1997)

Biogenesis of respiratory cytochromes is defined as consisting of the posttranslational processes that are necessary to assemble apoprotein, heme, and sometimes additional cofactors into mature enzyme complexes with electron transfer functions. Different biochemical reactions take place during maturation: (i) targeting of the apoprotein to or through the cytoplasmic membrane to its subcellular destination; (ii) proteolytic processing of precursor forms; (iii) assembly of subunits in the membrane and oligomerization; (iv) translocation and/or modification of heme and covalent or noncovalent binding to the protein moiety; (v) transport, processing, and incorporation of other cofactors; and (vi) folding and stabilization of the protein. These steps are discussed for the maturation of different oxidoreductase complexes, and they are arranged in a linear pathway to best account for experimental findings from studies concerning cytochrome biogenesis. The example of the best-studied case, i.e., maturation of cytochrome c, appears to consist of a pathway that requires at least nine specific genes and more general cellular functions such as protein secretion or the control of the redox state in the periplasm. Covalent attachment of heme appears to be enzyme catalyzed and takes place in the periplasm after translocation of the precursor through the membrane. The genetic characterization and the putative biochemical functions of cytochrome c-specific maturation proteins suggest that they may be organized in a membrane-bound maturase complex. Formation of the multisubunit cytochrome bc, complex and several terminal oxidases of the bo3, bd, aa3, and cbb3 types is discussed in detail, and models for linear maturation pathways are proposed wherever possible.
METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES BASED ON ALUMINIUM LITHIUM AND SILICON CARBIDE (1987)

The present study tests the feasibility of producing metal matrix composites based on aluminium-lithium alloys. The first step in this process has been to produce an MMC based on 8090 with SiC. This has been successfully produced by Alcan International using the "Osprey" spray deposition process. The raw billets have been processed initially by extrusion. The tensile properties of this material have been determined and the strength compares favourably with DC cast alloys. Modulus is improved to ≈ 100 GPa with acceptable ductility. Density has been measured as 2.62 Mg/m3. The stiffness to density ratio of the composite is 18% greater than 8090 and 50% greater than conventional aluminium alloys. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility and potential of Al-Li based- particulate reinforced composite materials.
Identifying novel transcripts and novel genes in the human genome by using novel SAGE tags (2002)

The number of genes in the human genome is still a controversial issue. Whereas most of the genes in the human genome are said to have been physically or computationally identified, many short cDNA sequences identified as tags by use of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) do not match these genes. By performing experimental verification of more than 1,000 SAGE tags and analyzing 4,285,923 SAGE tags of human origin in the current SAGE database, we examined the nature of the unmatched SAGE tags. Our study shows that most of the unmatched SAGE tags are truly novel SAGE tags that originated from novel transcripts not yet identified in the human genome, including alternatively spliced transcripts from known genes and potential novel genes. Our study indicates that by using novel SAGE tags as probes, we should be able to identify efficiently many novel transcripts/novel genes in the human genome that are difficult to identify by conventional methods.
Thalamic deep brain stimulation for the treatment of tremor due to multiple sclerosis: a prospective study of tremor and quality of life (2002)

In this cohort of patients with MS who suffered from tremor, thalamic DBS significantly improved their tremor and ability to feed themselves. Patient satisfaction with the procedure, however, was variable. Preoperative patient education about what functions might (and might not) be improved is crucial to avoid unrealistic expectations. Our results indicate that younger patients with MS tremor who had a shorter disease duration and no superimposed ataxia benefited most from this surgery.
Correction: Genomic Subtraction for Cloning DNA Corresponding to Deletion Mutations (1991)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Modeling, validation, and performance of low-frequency piezoelectric energy harvesters (2013)

Analytical and finite element electromechanical models that take into account the fact that the piezoelectric sheet does not cover the whole substrate beam are developed. A linear analysis of the analytical model is performed to determine the optimal load resistance. The analytical and finite element models are validated with experimental measurements. The results show that the analytical model that takes into account the fact that the piezoelectric patch does not cover the whole beam predicts accurately the experimental measurements. The finite element results yield a slight discrepancy in the global frequency and a slight overestimation in the value of the harvested power at resonance. On the contrary, using an approximate analytical model based on mode shapes of the full covered beam leads to erroneous results and overestimation of the global frequency as well as the level of harvested power. In order to design enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesters that can generate energy at low-frequency excitations, further analysis is performed to investigate the effects of varying the length of the piezoelectric material on the natural frequency and the performance of the harvester. The results show that there is a compromise between the length of the piezoelectric material, the electrical load resistance, and the available excitation frequency. By quantifying this compromise, we optimize the performance of beam–mass systems to efficiently harvest energy from a specified low frequency of the ambient vibrations.
Higher-order finite-difference pseudopotential method: An application to diatomic molecules (1994)

We present a prescription for performing electronic-structure calculations without the explicit use of a basis. Our prescription combines a higher-order finite-difference method with ab initio pseudopotentials. In contrast to methods that combine a plane-wave basis with pseudopotentials, our calculations are performed completely in real space. No artifacts such as supercell geometries need be introduced for localized systems. Although this approach is easier to implement than one that employs a plane-wave basis, no loss of accuracy occurs. We apply this method to calculate the structural and electronic properties of several diatomic molecules: ${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{C}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and CO.
An Apparatus for Generating Controlled Ramp Movements During Studies of Muscle Spindle Afferent Activity and Muscle Tone in Man (1978)

With the increasing use of refimed techniques such as micro-neurography for the study of motor control in man, the need for a mechanical device capable of generating accurate and reproducible displacements and of measuring graded levels of contraction has arisen.
Lysophosphatidic acid receptor expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia leads to cell survival mediated though vascular endothelial growth factor expression (2009)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) protects chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells from apoptosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) also protects CLL cells against apoptosis. The mechanism for LPA protection against apoptosis in CLL cells is unknown. Herein, we show CLL cells express LPA receptors LPA(1-5) but in normal B cells, LPA(1) was rarely expressed and LPA(3,) LPA(4,) and LPA(6) were undetectable whereas the other LPA receptors were expressed. LPA plasma levels are similar in patients with CLL compared to healthy controls. In contrast, plasma levels of VEGF are elevated in patients with CLL compared to healthy controls and LPA treatment induced VEGF secretion in CLL cells. CLL cells also express VEGF receptors and LPA protection against Flu induced apoptosis is blocked by inhibition of VEGF receptor activation. These results indicate that LPA protects CLL cells from apoptosis through higher expression of LPA receptors and autocrine production of VEGF.
Studies on peptides. CXXXVI. Solution-phase synthesis of a 37-residue peptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP). (1986)

The heptatriacontapeptide amide corresponding to the entire amino acid sequence of human calcitonin gene-related peptide (hCGRP) was synthesized by assembling seven peptide fragments in solution, followed by deprotection with 1 M trifluoromethanesulfonic acid-thioanisole in trifluoroacetic acid and subsequent air-oxidation to establish the disulfide bridge. The S-1-adamantyl group of the Cys residue was removed in two ways; one was by treatment with the above acid, together with the other protecting groups employed, and the other was selectively by treatment with(CF3COO)3Tl. The synthetic peptide produced a significant increase of cyclic adenosine monophosphate in calvaria and brain of a newborn rat, but suppressed 45Ca-release from mouse calvaria stimulated by parathyroid hormone.
Inhibition of human telomerase by 2′- <i>O</i> -methyl-RNA (1998)

Telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein up-regulated in many types of cancers, possesses an RNA template necessary to bind and extend telomere ends. The intrinsic accessibility of telomerase to incoming nucleic acids makes the RNA template an ideal target for inhibition by oligonucleotides. We report here that 2'-O-methyl-RNA (2'-O-meRNA), an oligonucleotide chemistry known to exert sequence-specific effects in cell culture and animals, inhibits telomerase with potencies superior to those possessed by analogous peptide nucleic acids (PNAs). Potent inhibition relative to PNAs is surprising, because the binding affinity of 2'-O-meRNAs for complementary RNA is low relative to analogous PNAs. A 2'-O-meRNA oligomer with terminal phosphorothioate substitutions inhibits telomerase sequence-selectively within human-tumor-derived DU145 cells when delivered with cationic lipids. In contrast to the ability of 2'-O-meRNA oligomers to inhibit telomerase, the binding of a 2'-O-meRNA to an inverted repeat within plasmid DNA was not detectable, whereas binding of PNA was efficient, suggesting that the relative accessibility of the telomerase RNA template is essential for inhibition by 2'-O-meRNA. Inhibition of telomerase by 2'-O-meRNA will facilitate probing the link between telomerase activity and sustained cell proliferation and may provide a basis for the development of chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents.
The FindMe approach to assisted browsing (1997)

While the explosion of online information has introduced new opportunities for finding and using electronic data, it has also underscored the problem of isolating useful information and making sense of large, multidimensional information spaces. In response to this problem, we have developed an approach to building data tour guides, called FindMe systems. These programs know enough about an information space to help users navigate through it, making sure they not only come away with useful information but also insights into the structure of the information space itself. In these systems, we have combined the idea of instance-based browsing, which involves structuring retrieval around the critiquing of previously retrieved examples, and retrieval strategies, or knowledge-based heuristics for finding relevant information. This article illustrates these techniques with examples of working FindMe systems, and describes the similarities and differences between them. FindMe tour guides help users to select the perfect car, movie, restaurant, stereo or apartment on the World Wide Web.