gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New and Improved Host-Independent Plasmid System for RK2-Based Conjugal Transfer (2014)

Bacterial conjugation is a process that is mediated either by a direct cell-to-cell junction or by formation of a bridge between the cells. It is often used to transfer DNA constructs designed in Escherichia coli to recipient bacteria, yeast, plants and mammalian cells. Plasmids bearing the RK2/RP4 origin of transfer (oriT) are mostly mobilized using the E. coli S17-1/SM10 donor strains, in which transfer helper functions are provided from a chromosomally integrated RP4::Mu. We have observed that large plasmids were occasionally modified after conjugal transfer when using E. coli S17-1 as a donor. All modified plasmids had increased in size, which most probably was a result of co-transfer of DNA from the chromosomally located oriT. It has earlier also been demonstrated that the bacteriophage Mu is silently transferred to recipient cells by these donor strains, and both occurrences are very likely to lead to mutations within the recipient DNA. Here we report the construction of a new biological system addressing both the above mentioned problems in which the transfer helper functions are provided by a plasmid lacking a functional oriT. This system is compatible with all other replicons commonly used in conjugation experiments and further enables the use of diverse bacterial strains as donors. Plasmids containing large inserts were successfully conjugated and the plasmid modifications observed when E. coli S17-1 was used as donor were eliminated by the use of the new host-independent vector system.
Efficacy of photocatalytic HEPA filter on microorganism removal (2010)

The high efficiency particulate air filter is used widely to remove particulates and microorganisms from the air stream. However, the filter may become a source of microbes if those retained microorganisms proliferate and re-entrain back into the filtered air. This study demonstrates that such a problem can be handled effectively by using photocatalytic reactions to inactivate those confined microorganisms. A 60-100% microbe reduction can be achieved for a wide variety of microorganisms to provide better indoor air quality for hospitals, offices, and domestic applications.
Helium cleanup in the helium-cadmium laser discharge (1971)

We have observed a rapid loss of helium from the discharge volume when operating certain types of sealed-off helium-cadmium laser tubes. In severe cases, a loss over a hundred times larger than that possible by diffusion through the glass walls has been observed. Experiments are described indicating that the lost helium is trapped in cadmium, which condenses on the tube walls in the vicinity of the active discharge. Possible trapping mechanisms are discussed. An improved discharge tube design is presented that effectively eliminates the helium cleanup.
Demonstration by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer of Two Sites of Interaction between the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and the Amyloid Precursor Protein: Role of the Intracellular Adapter Protein Fe65 (2001)

Amyloid-beta, the major constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease, is derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by proteolysis. Kunitz protease inhibitor (KPI) containing forms of APP (APP751/770) interact with a multifunctional endocytic receptor, the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which modulates its proteolytic processing affecting production of amyloid-beta. We used fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) using labeled LRP and APP in H4 cell line to examine the subcellular localization and the molecular domains involved in the APP-LRP interaction. KPI-containing forms of APP (APP770) demonstrated FRET with LRP that was sensitive to the LRP inhibitor receptor-associated protein (RAP), suggesting an interaction between the extracellular domains of APP770 and LRP. APP695 also interacts with LRP to lesser degree (as measured by extracellular domain probes), and this ectodomain interaction is not altered by RAP. By using C-terminally tagged LRP and APP, we demonstrate a second site of interaction between the C termini of both APP695 and APP770 and the C terminus of LRP, and that the interactions at these regions are not sensitive to RAP. We next examined the possibility that the C-termini APP-LRP interaction was mediated by Fe65, an adaptor protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic tails of LRP and APP. FRET studies confirmed a close proximity between the amino Fe65 phosphotyrosine binding (PTB) domain and LRP cytoplasmic domain and between the carboxyl Fe65 PTB domain and the APP cytoplasmic domain. These findings demonstrate that LRP interaction with APP occurs via both extracellular and intracellular protein interaction domains.
Age effects in the human middle ear: Wideband acoustical measures (2004)

Studies that have examined age effects in the human middle ear using either admittance measures at 220 or 660 Hz or multifrequency tympanometry from 200 to 2000 Hz have had conflicting results. Several studies have suggested an increase in admittance with age, while several others have suggested a decrease in admittance with age. A third group of studies found no significant age effect. This study examined 226 Hz tympanometry and wideband energy reflectance and impedance at ambient pressure in a group of 40 young adults and a group of 30 adults with age > or = 60 years. The groups did not differ in admittance measures of the middle ear at 226 Hz. However, significant age effects were found in wideband energy reflectance and impedance. In particular, in older adults there was a comparative decrease in reflectance from 800 to 2000 Hz but an increase near 4000 Hz. The results suggest a decrease in middle-ear stiffness with age. The findings of this study hold relevance for understanding the aging process in the auditory system, for the establishment of normative data for wideband energy reflectance, for the possibility of a conductive component to presbycusis, and for the interpretation of otoacoustic emission measurements.
REMARKS ON THE VALUE OF RHYTHMICAL EXERCISES IN THE TREATMENT OF SPASMODIC NEUROSES (1907)

IMDCLJOURNAL 133 measures to bring it to an end. In the absence of direct evidence, no explanation can be more than conjectural or of other than doubtful value. With the observed facts, however, it is different. They are in no degree uncertain,
A technique for optimal digital redesign of analog controllers (1997)

Digital control design is often accomplished by discretizing existing analog controllers. For this purpose, a new digital redesign technique is presented in this paper. It is based on optimal matching of the continuous-time closed-loop step responses of both the analog and discretized systems. The optimization problem is solved by application of the recent sampled-data control theory. The proposed technique is applied to discretization of a conventional power system stabilizer for a single-machine power system and the simulation results show that the new optimal digital redesign technique outperforms the conventional discretization methods.
The cytolysin gene of Vibrio vulnificus: sequence and relationship to the Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor hemolysin gene (1990)

A cytolysin of ca. 56 kilodaltons has been suggested as a possible virulence factor in Vibrio vulnificus infections. We sequenced the DNA encoding cytolytic activity and found that the sequence contained two open reading frames, vvhA and vvhB. vvhA encoded the structural gene for the cytolysin and contained the N-terminal amino acid sequence previously reported for the protein. Regions of the vvhA gene showed homology to the structural gene for the Vibrio cholerae E1 Tor hemolysin.
Coevolution of network structure and content (2012)

As individuals communicate, their exchanges form a dynamic network. We demonstrate, using time series analysis of communication in three online settings, that network structure alone can be highly revealing of the diversity and novelty of the information being communicated. Our approach uses both standard and novel network metrics to characterize how unexpected a network configuration is, and to capture a network's ability to conduct information. We find that networks with a higher conductance in link structure exhibit higher information entropy, while unexpected network configurations can be tied to information novelty. We use a simulation model to explain the observed correspondence between the evolution of a network's structure and the information it carries.
Modeling of Experimental Adsorption Isotherm Data (2015)

Adsorption is considered to be one of the most effective technologies widely used in global environmental protection areas. Modeling of experimental adsorption isotherm data is an essential way for predicting the mechanisms of adsorption, which will lead to an improvement in the area of adsorption science. In this paper, we employed three isotherm models, namely: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich to correlate four sets of experimental adsorption isotherm data, which were obtained by batch tests in lab. The linearized and non-linearized isotherm models were compared and discussed. In order to determine the best fit isotherm model, the correlation coefficient (r2) and standard errors (S.E.) for each parameter were used to evaluate the data. The modeling results showed that non-linear Langmuir model could fit the data better than others, with relatively higher r2 values and smaller S.E. The linear Langmuir model had the highest value of r2, however, the maximum adsorption capacities estimated from linear Langmuir model were deviated from the experimental data.
3D‐accelerated, stack‐of‐spirals acquisitions and reconstruction of arterial spin labeling MRI (2016)

The 3D acceleration and reconstruction allow a rapid whole-brain readout that improved the quality of ASL perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 78:1405-1419, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Effect of Semen on Vaginal Fluid Cytokines and Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (2008)

Proinflammatory cytokine measurement does not appear to be affected by the presence of semen, but secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor is significantly higher when semen is present. Detection of semen by acid phosphatase was associated with higher vaginal SLPI concentrations, however, the presence of semen did not appear to influence vaginal proinflammatory cytokine concentrations.
MFH‐1 is required for bone morphogenetic protein‐2‐induced osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts (2000)

Mesenchyme forkhead-1 (MFH-1), a winged helix/forkhead transcription factor, is expressed in developing cartilaginous tissues, kidney and arch arteries, and is essential for the normal development of the axial skeleton and aortic arch formation of mice. To investigate the possible role of MFH-1 in osteogenesis and osteoblast differentiation, we examined expression of MFH-1 induced by bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) in C2C12 myoblasts, and found that MFH-1 protein and also MFH-1 mRNA increased markedly in C2C12 cells after treatment with BMP-2. To confirm the hypothesis that BMP-2 induced osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 cells by increasing MFH-1 expression, we lowered the endogenous MFH-1 level by stably transfecting C2C12 cells with antisense MFH-1 sequence, and found that in antisense MFH-1 cell lines, both alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and production of osteocalcin induced by BMP-2 decreased markedly in comparison with control cell lines. Our results suggest that the BMP-2-induced MFH-1 protein may play a key role in regulating the commitment to osteoblastic differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts and production of osteoblast markers including ALP and osteocalcin.
Isolation and Characterization of Carinactivase, a Novel Prothrombin Activator in Echis carinatus Venom with a Unique Catalytic Mechanism (1996)

The venom of the viper Echis carinatus contains a metalloprotease, ecarin, that is a potent prothrombin activator. We here show that the venom is also rich in another prothrombin activator, which does not belong to any known category of prothrombin activators. The novel enzyme, designated carinactivase-1 (CA-1), consists of two subunits held together non-covalently but very tightly. One subunit is a 62-kDa polypeptide that has metalloprotease activity and is homologous to the single-chain enzyme ecarin; the other subunit of 25 kDa consists of two disulfide-linked polypeptides of 17 and 14 kDa, and this subunit resembles the anticoagulant in the habu snake venom, IX/X-bp, that specifically binds the Gla domains of coagulation factors IX and X in a Ca2+-dependent fashion. The activation of prothrombin by CA-1 requires Ca2+ ions at millimolar concentrations and in the absence of Ca2+ ions this enzyme is virtually inactive. By contrast, activation by ecarin is completely independent of Ca2+ ions. CA-1, unlike ecarin, does not activate prothrombin derivatives, in which binding of Ca2+ ions has been perturbed, namely prethrombin-1 and acarboxyprothrombin. Furthermore, the isolated catalytic subunit, although its activity is greatly reduced as compared to that of the holoenzyme, no longer requires Ca2+ ions for the activation of prothrombin. Reconstitution with the non-catalytic 25-kDa subunit restores high level activity and the dependence on Ca2+ ions. Finally, prothrombin activation by CA-1 is inhibited by prothrombin fragment 1, and the isolated non-catalytic subunit is capable of binding fragment 1 in the presence of Ca2+ ions. From these observations, we postulate the following unique mechanism for the activation of prothrombin by CA-1. The enzyme primarily recognizes the Ca2+-bound conformation of the Gla domain in prothrombin via the 25-kDa regulatory subunit, and the subsequent conversion of prothrombin to active thrombin is catalyzed by the 62-kDa catalytic subunit.
LIMB & CO. (STEVEDORES) v. BRITISH TRANSPORT DOCKS BOARD (1971)

October 12, 13; November 5,1970 Dock — Dock workers — Licence to employ — Application by firm for licence to employ dock workers — Firm transferring business and assets to company — Conditional licence granted to company — Whether application for licence refused — Whether firm entitled to compensation for diminution of business's assets — Docks and Harbours Act, 1966(14 & 15 Eliz II, c.28),s.l3.
Pressure and Electron Density Dependence of the Electron-Ion Recombination Coefficient in Helium (1970)

The dependence of the recombination coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of ${\mathrm{He}}_{2}^{+}$ ions and electrons on electron density and gas pressure is measured in helium afterglow plasmas where electron and gas temperatures are equal to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} K, gas pressure ranges from 10 to 100 Torr, and electron density from ${10}^{9}$ to 5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{11}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. Electron density decay measured by microwave interferometry is compared with computer solutions of a continuity equation for electrons which takes into account ambipolar diffusion and recombination effects. One finds $\ensuremath{\alpha}={\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}+{k}_{e}{n}_{e}+{k}_{\mathrm{He}}{n}_{\mathrm{He}}$, where ${n}_{e}$ and ${n}_{\mathrm{He}}$ are the electron and neutral densities, respectively, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{2}\ensuremath{\sim}5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${k}_{e}=(2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, ${k}_{\mathrm{He}}=(2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}27}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. These values compare satisfactorily with results of theoretical computations for a collisional-radiative recombination mechanism including both collisions with electrons and neutrals. The effect of neutrals is particularly noteworthy as far as future experimental work on weakly ionized gases is concerned.
<title>Excimer laser relight for the supersonic commercial transport aircraft</title> (1993)

Successful operation of future supersonic transport aircraft systems will require significant advances in combustion technology. The conditions of supersonic flight and high altitude impose severe strains on ignition reliability, stability, and overall combustion efficiency. Of particular interest is the attainment of combustion enhancement and relight at flight envelopes with low ambient temperature and pressure. This research program examines the feasibility of obtaining reliable relight of Jet A and other fuels by laser energy sources. Excimer laser pulses (193 and 248 nm) are used to photochemically dissociate fuel, oxidizer, or sensitizer molecules to produce chain-branching radicals, which initiate combustion.
Automatic correspondence detection in mammogram and breast tomosynthesis images (2012)

Two-dimensional mammography is the major imaging modality in breast cancer detection. A disadvantage of mammography is the projective nature of this imaging technique. Tomosynthesis is an attractive modality with the potential to combine the high contrast and high resolution of digital mammography with the advantages of 3D imaging. In order to facilitate diagnostics and treatment in the current clinical work-flow, correspondences between tomosynthesis images and previous mammographic exams of the same women have to be determined. In this paper, we propose a method to detect correspondences in 2D mammograms and 3D tomosynthesis images automatically. In general, this 2D/3D correspondence problem is ill-posed, because a point in the 2D mammogram corresponds to a line in the 3D tomosynthesis image. The goal of our method is to detect the "most probable" 3D position in the tomosynthesis images corresponding to a selected point in the 2D mammogram. We present two alternative approaches to solve this 2D/3D correspondence problem: a 2D/3D registration method and a 2D/2D mapping between mammogram and tomosynthesis projection images with a following back projection. The advantages and limitations of both approaches are discussed and the performance of the methods is evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively using a software phantom and clinical breast image data. Although the proposed 2D/3D registration method can compensate for moderate breast deformations caused by different breast compressions, this approach is not suitable for clinical tomosynthesis data due to the limited resolution and blurring effects perpendicular to the direction of projection. The quantitative results show that the proposed 2D/2D mapping method is capable of detecting corresponding positions in mammograms and tomosynthesis images automatically for 61 out of 65 landmarks. The proposed method can facilitate diagnosis, visual inspection and comparison of 2D mammograms and 3D tomosynthesis images for the physician.
Antimony‐Functionalized Phosphine‐Based Photopolymer Networks (2018)

Abstract The synthesis of phosphane‐ene photopolymer networks, where the networks are composed of crosslinked tertiary alkyl phosphines are reported. Taking advantage of the rich coordination chemistry of alkyl phosphines, stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) functionalized polymer networks could be generated. Small‐molecule stibino‐phosphonium and stibino‐bis(phosphonium) compounds have been well characterized previously and were used as models for spectroscopic comparison to the macromolecular analogues by NMR and XANES spectroscopy. This work reveals that the physical and electronic properties of the materials can be tuned depending on the type of coordination environment. These materials can be used as ceramic precursors, where the Sb‐functionalized polymers influence the composition of the resulting ceramic.
Hyperglucagonemia precedes a decline in insulin secretion and causes hyperglycemia in chronically glucose-infused rats (2011)

Islet damage from glucose toxicity is implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, but the sequence of events leading to islet cell dysfunction and hyperglycemia remains unclear. To examine the early stages of islet pathology resulting from increased basal glucose loads, normal awake rats were infused with glucose continuously for 10 days. Plasma glucose and markers of islet and liver function were monitored throughout the infusion. After initial hyperglycemia, rats adapted to the infusion and maintained euglycemia for approximately 4 days. Continued infusion led to worsening hyperglycemia in just 5% of rats after 6 days, but 69% after 8 days and 89% after 10 days, despite unchanged basal and stimulated plasma insulin and C-peptide concentrations. In contrast, plasma glucagon concentrations increased fivefold. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was appropriately suppressed after 4 days (2.8 ± 0.7 vs. 6.1 ± 0.4 mg·kg(-1)·min(-1) on day 0, P < 0.001) but tripled between days 4 and 8 (9.9 ± 1.7 mg·kg(-1)·min(-1), P < 0.01). Surprisingly, the increase in EGP was accompanied by increased mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase expression with appropriate suppression of the cytosolic isoform. Infusion of anti-glucagon antibodies normalized plasma glucose to levels identical to those on day 4 and ∼300 mg/dl lower than controls. This improved glycemia was associated with a 60% reduction in EGP. These data support the novel concept that glucose toxicity may first manifest as α-cell dysfunction prior to any measurable deficit in insulin secretion. Such hyperglucagonemia could lead to excessive glucose production overwhelming the capacity of the β-cell to maintain glucose homeostasis.
Combination therapy for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2000)

Inhaled Glucocorticoids Joseph D. Spahn and Stanley Szefler 2-Adrenergic Agonists Mary E. Strek and Alan R. Leff Theophylline Gordon Dent and Klaus F. Rabe Leukotriene Modifiers Michael E. Wechsler and Jeffrey M. Drazen Ancholinergic Bronchodilators: Historical Perspective, Basic Pharmacology, and Overview of Clinical Use Stephen I. Rennard Circadian Rhythm Dependencies of Asthma Medications and Their Chronotherapy Michael H. Smolensky, Gilbert E. D'Alonzo, and Alain E. Reinberg Combination Therapy in Asthma Monica Kraft COPD-Combination Therapy E. Rand Sutherland and Richard J. Martin
How to Define and Calculate the Degree of Spin Polarization in Ferromagnets (1999)

Different ways to define and calculate the degree of spin polarization in a ferromagnet are discussed, particularly with respect to spin-polarized tunneling and Andreev reflection at the boundary between superconductor and ferromagnet. As an example, the degree of spin polarization for different experiments in Fe and Ni is calculated in the framework of the local spin density approximation and used to illustrate the differences between various definitions of spin polarization.
Long wavelength AC bias recording theory (1974)

Long wavelength ac bias record sensitivity is computed utilizing a model in which both longitudinal and vertical record fields are considered. It is assumed that the recorded magnetization is related by an anhysteretic susceptibility tensor to the signal field. At each depth in the tape the signal field is evaluated where the bias field amplitude is equal to the tape coercivity. Neither the effects of demagnetizing fields nor spreads in particle switching fields are included. The calculation yields excellent quantitative agreement with experimental sensitivity and correlates well with the shape of measured sensitivity vs. bias curves. The predictions of this model are compared in detail with those calculated utilizing solely longitudinal fields.
Construction of the Building Information Platform based on BIM Technology (2012)

自上个世纪80年代，CAD技术引入建筑行业后，引发了建筑设计行业的技术革命。当今，BIM技术已经开始引发建筑行业的又一次革命。针对BIM技术的应用，本文介绍了当前BIM技术在国内外的开发研究现状，并阐述了基于BIM技术的建筑信息平台的结构与构建。最后指出，信息的共享与转换是BIM技术的核心，而BIM技术的建筑信息平台的构建，可以使各个专业在图形显示编辑平台上，利用底层数据库所存储的数据，进行多部门...