gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FAS: Using FPGA to Accelerate and Secure SDN Software Switches (2018)

Software-Defined Networking (SDN) promises the vision of more flexible and manageable networks but requires certain level of programmability in the data plane to accommodate different forwarding abstractions. SDN software switches running on commodity multicore platforms are programmable and are with low deployment cost. However, the performance of SDN software switches is not satisfactory due to the complex forwarding operations on packets. Moreover, this may hinder the performance of real-time security on software switch. In this paper, we analyze the forwarding procedure and identify the performance bottleneck of SDN software switches. An FPGA-based mechanism for accelerating and securing SDN switches, named FAS (FPGA-Accelerated SDN software switch), is proposed to take advantage of the reconfigurability and high-performance advantages of FPGA. FAS improves the performance as well as the capacity against malicious traffic attacks of SDN software switches by offloading some functional modules. We validate FAS on an FPGA-based network processing platform. Experiment results demonstrate that the forwarding rate of FAS can be 44% higher than the original SDN software switch. In addition, FAS provides new opportunity to enhance the security of SDN software switches by allowing the deployment of bump-in-the-wire security modules (such as packet detectors and filters) in FPGA.
The risk of venous thromboembolism is increased throughout the course of malignant glioma (2000)

The incidence of VTE is high throughout the course of malignant glioma. A randomized, controlled trial is needed to clarify whether the benefits of long term anticoagulant prophylaxis outweigh the risks and costs of such therapy.
Accurate determination of misfit strain, layer thickness, and critical layer thickness in ultrathin buried strained InGaAs/GaAs layer by x-ray diffraction (1992)

We have analyzed data obtained from double-crystal x-ray rocking curve measurements to determine the lattice constants, strain relaxation, thickness, and critical thickness of a thin InxGa1−xAs layer embedded in GaAs. The use of a very wide x-ray scan angle (∼2.0°) allows the simultaneous determination of buried layer thickness and strain with greater accuracy. The critical thicknesses so obtained for buried InGaAs layers are smaller than that predicted by the energy balance model and larger than that predicted by the force balance model.
Laser Lead Extraction: Is There a Learning Curve? (2005)

Laser extraction of device leads offers an attractive alternative to countertraction and electrosurgical dissection sheath, potentially increasing efficacy and reducing complications. Wider adoption of this technology depends on relative ease of use. We report the experience of a new center to define the "learning curve." We performed 76 laser lead extractions in 75 patients (age 63 +/- 17 years, 59 male) from July 2001 to January 2004. Two experienced device implanters who were novice extractors underwent a 2-day site visit to a high volume extraction center for training. Lead extractions were performed in the operating room with immediate surgical backup. The indication for extraction was infection in 39 (systemic in 15), erosion or pain in 11, and lead related or debulking in 25. Complete removal was achieved in 139 of 145 leads (14 ICD, 131 pacemaker). Partial removal (<4 cm retained) was achieved in five leads (4%), and one lead could not be extracted. Complete success was 95% in the first third of patients, 94% in the second third, and 100% in the latter third. Fluoroscopy time fell from 19 +/- 22 minute in the first third of patients to 11 +/- 8 minute in the second third to 8 +/- 4 minute in the latter third (ANOVA P = 0.02). No major complications occurred. Local bleeding required minor left subclavian vein repair in two individuals. Symptomatic venous thrombosis occurred in 3 of the first 11 cases 1-21 days after extraction, but did not occur in the next 64 consecutive patients who received a 1-month anticoagulation regimen (27% vs 0%, P < 0.001). One patient developed venous thrombosis 3 weeks following cessation of warfarin therapy. Practice guidelines reasonably recommend appropriate training prior to independent performance of lead extraction. The current study suggests that experienced device implanters with appropriate operative backup taking a limited, but intensive training program can be safe and effective at lead extraction in a short time, in part a reflection of the improved technology.
Evaluation of an automated spectroscopic ellipsometer for in-line process control (1998)

The performance of an automatic spectroscopic ellipsometer, the SOPRA Multi-Layer Monitor (MLM) has been evaluated in the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency’s Cleanroom over a one-year period on representative CMOS/Bipolar wafer structures supplied by IC manufacturers. Precision, stability, throughput and accuracy have been assessed for ONO, OPO, oxide, Si/SiGe and PECVD nitride/metal wafers. Examples are given to illustrate the ability of the MLM to discriminate variations due to intrinsic and deliberately-induced process changes, as well as cross-wafer uniformity. Both monitor and patterned product wafers have been measured and the inadequacy of relying on monitor wafers demonstrated
Multiple Frequencies Sequential Coding for SSVEP-Based Brain-Computer Interface (2012)

The proposed protocol could potentially implement much more targets with the limited available frequencies compared with the traditional frequencies coding protocol. The efficiency of the new protocol was confirmed by real data experiment. We propose that the SSVEP-based BCI under MFSC might be a promising choice in the future.
Human interleukin 2 (IL 2) receptor β chain allows transduction of IL 2‐induced proliferation signal(s) in a murine cell line (1989)

Interleukin 2 (IL 2) delivers cell growth signal by virtue of its interaction with the high-affinity receptor complex, which consists of two distinct IL 2-binding molecules: the IL 2 receptor alpha (IL 2R alpha) and beta (IL 2R beta) chains. Unlike many known growth factor receptors, neither of the IL 2R chains seems to contain a tyrosine kinase domain. In this report, we have shown that the human IL 2R beta chain expressed in a murine IL 3-dependent, non-lymphoid cell line can transduce IL 2-induced cell proliferation signal(s) in combination with the autologous mouse IL 2R alpha chain. This observation should provide a tool to dissect IL 2-induced signal transduction pathway in lymphoid and non-lymphoid cells.
Mobile Agent-Based Computing Resource and Usage Monitoring at Large Scale Computer Centers (2011)

Mobile agent technology has become an important approach for the design and development of distributed systems. However, there is little research regarding the monitoring of computer resources and usage at large scale distributed computer centers. This paper presents a mobile agent-based system called the Mobile Agent Based Computer Monitoring System (MABCMS) that supports the dynamic sending and executing of control command, dynamic data exchange, and dynamic deployment of mobile code in C/C++. Based on the Mobile-C library, agents can call low level functions in binary dynamic or static libraries, and thus can monitor computer resources and usage conveniently and efficiently. Two experimental applications have been designed using the MABCMS. The experiments were conducted in a university computer center with hundreds of computer workstations and 15 server machines. The first experiment uses the MABCMS to detect improper usage of the computer workstations, such as playing computer games. The second experimental application uses the MABCMS to detect system resources such as available hard disk space. The experiments show that the mobile agent based monitoring system is an effective method for detecting and interacting with students playing computer games and a practical way to monitor computer resources in large scale distributed computer centers.
Thermal lensing measurements in an intracavity LiIO3 Raman laser (2000)

We present measurements of thermal lensing in a crystalline Raman laser, with negative focal lengths as short as 24cm measured for a Raman power ~1W.
Methods for diagnosis and treatment of stimulus-correlated motion in generic brain activation studies using fMRI (1999)

Movement-related effects in realigned fMRI timeseries can be corrected by regression on linear functions of estimated positional displacements of an individual subject's head during image acquisition. However, this entails biased (under)estimation of the experimental effect whenever subject motion is not independent of the experimental input function. Methods for diagnosing such stimulus-correlated motion (SCM) are illustrated by application to fMRI data acquired from 5 schizophrenics and 5 normal controls during periodic performance of a verbal fluency task. The schizophrenic group data were more severely affected by SCM than the control group data. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used, with a voxelwise measure of SCM as a covariate, to estimate between-group differences in power of periodic signal change while controlling for variability in SCM across groups. Failure to control for SCM in this way substantially exaggerated the number of voxels, apparently demonstrating a between-group difference in task response.
Genetically corrected iPSCs as cell therapy for recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (2014)

Recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (RDEB) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding type VII collagen, resulting in fragile skin and mucous membranes that blister easily in response to mechanical stress. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) carry the potential to fundamentally change cell-based therapies for human diseases, in particular for RDEB, for which no effective treatments are available. To provide proof of principle on the applicability of iPSCs for the treatment of RDEB, we developed iPSCs from type VII collagen (Col7a1) mutant mice that exhibited skin fragility and blistering resembling human RDEB. Genetically repaired iPSCs could be differentiated into functional fibroblasts that reexpressed and secreted type VII collagen. Corrected iPSC-derived fibroblasts did not form tumors in vivo and could be traced up to 16 weeks after intradermal injection. Moreover, iPSC-based cell therapy resulted in faithful and long-term restoration of type VII collagen deposition at the epidermal-dermal junction of Col7a1 mutant mice. Intradermal injection of genetically repaired iPSC-derived fibroblasts restored the mechanical resistance to skin blistering in mice with RDEB, suggesting that RDEB skin could be effectively and safely repaired using iPSC-based cell therapy.
Atorvastatin reduces β-Adrenergic dysfunction in rats with diabetic cardiomyopathy (2017)

Atorvastatin restored the positive inotropic effect of the β-adrenoceptor stimulation in diabetic cardiomyopathy. This effect is mediated by multiple modifications in expression of proteins in the β-adrenergic signaling pathway, particularly through the NOS pathway.
Effect of scleral recording location on ERG amplitude (1986)

The isolated arterially perfused eye preparation has become a valuable tool in the investigation of ocular function. Normal retinal function can be maintained for several hours with the measurement of the gross electroretinogram (ERG) serving as a useful monitor of the electrophysiological condition of the preparation. This paper deals with the manner in which the amplitude of the ERG is affected by the electrode recording locations and describes the characteristic distribution of potentials on the surface of the isolated arterially perfused dog eye. The ERG is recorded between a fixed corneal contact lens electrode and a movable electrode on the uppermost surface of the sclera. The scleral electrode is moved in small increments parallel to the optic axis and lowered onto the uppermost surface of the sclera on a line from the corneal limbus to the optic nerve. The resulting ERG profile is characterised by minimal b-wave amplitude at the corneal limbus and little growth until a point 5 or 6 mm from the corneal limbus is reached, followed by a region of rapidly increasing amplitude up to a maximum at the point where the optic nerve exits from the globe. There follows a region of large but stable signal amplitude along the optic nerve. The ERG profile is largely unaffected by a reorientation of the globe about the optic axis, demonstrating that the potential distribution on the surface of the globe may be described in terms of points equidistant from the limbus being isopotential.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
From Surface to Pseudo Borehole Data Interpretation: ABSTRACT (1996)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Visual communication system in an apartment house using fiber optics (1993)

A visual communication system for an apartment house where fiber optics is used is presented. It offers a variety of services such as video mail, camera door phones, and video telephones in the apartment house. This system is mainly composed of three parts: digital loop network and analog video bus, apartment house controller, and apartment outlets. The system design, the call control procedures, and several examples of visual services offered by this system are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tracing of the entorhinal‐hippocampal pathway in vitro (1998)

In vitro tract tracing allowing for continuous observation of the perforant path is a crucial prerequisite for experimental studies on the entorhinal-hippocampal interaction in an organotypic slice culture containing the entorhinal cortex, the perforant path, and the dentate gyrus (OEHSC). We prepared horizontal slices of the temporal entorhinal-hippocampal region of the rat on a vibratome, and the perforant path axons were traced by application of the fluorescent tracer Mini Ruby on the entorhinal cortex. After 2 days in vitro (div), the perforant path became visible in most cultures. Entorhinal neurons and single perforant fibers could be followed to the outer molecular layers of the dentate gyrus by in vitro fluorescence microscopy and it was possible to monitor the perforant path directly over a period of 25 div. Moreover, ultrastructural analysis proved the existence of traced perforant path boutons forming synapses with spines and dendritic shafts in the outer molecular layers of the dentate gyrus. Transsection of the prelabelled perforant path in vitro resulted in anterograde degeneration and subsequent phagocytosis of axonal material by activated microglial cells in the zone of denervation. In conclusion, in vitro tracing demonstrates the maintenance of the entorhinal-hippocampal pathway in OEHSCs and permits monitoring of dynamic changes in the prelabeled perforant path after various lesion paradigms, e.g., transsection or neurotoxin treatment. This approach permits further studies on the efficacy of neuroprotectants, cytokines, and growth factors in the treatment of lesion-induced neuronal degeneration. Hippocampus 1998;8:57–68. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bio-Oil Production by Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch in Nitrogen and Steam Atmospheres (2012)

This work investigated the bio-oil production from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) by continuous pyrolysis reactor under nitrogen and steam atmospheres as sweeping gas. The study parameters were particle size, biomass feeding rate, reactor temperature, and reactor sweeping gas. The EFB particle ranges were below 500 micrometers, between 500 - 1180 micrometers and 1180 - 2230 micrometers. Feeding rates were 150, 350, and 550 rpm. Both factors were analyzed by single factor ANOVA. Additionally, Box-Behnken design was used to investigate temperature (350oC - 600oC) under the following nitrogen and steam flow rates as sweeping gas: 0, 100, and 200 cm3/min of nitrogen and 0, 9, and 18 cm3/min of steam. The mathematical model from Box-Behnken design succeeded in predicting the optimal conditions for normal and nitrogen atmospheres. A particle size below 1180 μm was determined to be optimal for bio-oil production. In a normal atmosphere or no sweeping gas, the condition was 475oC and 450 rpm of feed rate. The optimal condition for nitrogen atmosphere was 530oC, 450 rpm of feed rate, and 200 cm3/min of nitrogen flow rate. However, steam as sweeping gas caused high uncertainty and the model was unable to predict the optimal conditions accurately. The biooils from normal, nitrogen, steam, and mixed atmospheres were analyzed for general characteristics. NMR and GC-MS were used to analyze chemical compositions in the bio-oils. Relationships between physical and chemical characteristics were determined and discussed.
The drug efflux protein, P-glycoprotein, additionally protects drug-resistant tumor cells from multiple forms of caspase-dependent apoptosis (1998)

Multidrug resistance mediated by the drug efflux protein, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), is one mechanism that tumor cells use to escape death induced by chemotherapeutic agents. However, the mechanism by which P-gp confers resistance to a large variety of structurally diverse molecules has remained elusive. In this study, classical multidrug resistant human CEM and K562 tumor cell lines expressing high levels of P-gp were less sensitive to multiple forms of caspase-dependent cell death, including that mediated by cytotoxic drugs and ligation of Fas. The DNA fragmentation and membrane damage inflicted by these stimuli were defined as caspase dependent by various soluble peptide fluoromethylketone caspase inhibitors. Inhibition of P-gp function by the anti-P-gp mAb MRK-16 or verapamil could reverse resistance to these forms of cell death. Inhibition of P-gp function also enhanced drug or Fas-mediated activation of caspase-3 in drug-resistant CEM cells. By contrast, caspase-independent cell death events in the same cells, including those mediated by pore-forming proteins or intact NK cells, were not affected by P-gp expression. These observations suggest that, in addition to effluxing drugs, P-gp may play a specific role in regulating some caspase-dependent apoptotic pathways.
New protein deposition tracers in the pipeline (2016)

Traditional nuclear medicine ligands were designed to target cellular receptors or transporters with a binding pocket and a defined structure-activity relationship. More recently, tracers have been developed to target pathological protein aggregations, which have less well-defined structure-activity relationships. Aggregations of proteins such as tau, α-synuclein, and β-amyloid (Aβ) have been identified in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias, and Parkinson's disease (PD). Indeed, Aβ deposition is a hallmark of AD, and detection methods have evolved from coloured dyes to modern <sup>18</sup>F-labelled positron emission tomography (PET) tracers. Such tracers are becoming increasingly established in routine clinical practice for evaluation of Aβ neuritic plaque density in the brains of adults who are being evaluated for AD and other causes of cognitive impairment. While similar in structure, there are key differences between the available compounds in terms of dosing/dosimetry, pharmacokinetics, and interpretation of visual reads. In the future, quantification of Aβ-PET may further improve its utility. Tracers are now being developed for evaluation of tau protein, which is associated with decreased cognitive function and neurodegenerative changes in AD, and is implicated in the pathogenesis of other neurodegenerative diseases. While no compound has yet been approved for tau imaging in clinical use, it is a very active area of research. Development of tau tracers comprises in-depth characterisation of existing radiotracers, clinical validation, a better understanding of uptake patterns, test-retest/dosimetry data, and neuropathological correlations with PET. Tau imaging may allow early, more accurate diagnosis, and monitoring of disease progression, in a range of conditions. Another marker for which imaging modalities are needed is α-synuclein, which has potential for conditions including PD and dementia with Lewy bodies. Efforts to develop a suitable tracer are ongoing, but are still in their infancy. In conclusion, several PET tracers for detection of pathological protein depositions are now available for clinical use, particularly PET tracers that bind to Aβ plaques. Tau-PET tracers are currently in clinical development, and α-synuclein protein deposition tracers are at early stage of research. These tracers will continue to change our understanding of complex disease processes.
Network Marker Selection for Untargeted LC–MS Metabolomics Data (2017)

Untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is becoming one of the major areas of high-throughput biology. Functional analysis, that is, analyzing the data based on metabolic pathways or the genome-scale metabolic network, is critical in feature selection and interpretation of metabolomics data. One of the main challenges in the functional analyses is the lack of the feature identity in the LC-MS data itself. By matching mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the features to theoretical values derived from known metabolites, some features can be matched to one or more known metabolites. When multiple matchings occur, in most cases only one of the matchings can be true. At the same time, some known metabolites are missing in the measurements. Current network/pathway analysis methods ignore the uncertainty in metabolite identification and the missing observations, which could lead to errors in the selection of significant subnetworks/pathways. In this paper, we propose a flexible network feature selection framework that combines metabolomics data with the genome-scale metabolic network. The method adopts a sequential feature screening procedure and machine learning-based criteria to select important subnetworks and identify the optimal feature matching simultaneously. Simulation studies show that the proposed method has a much higher sensitivity than the commonly used maximal matching approach. For demonstration, we apply the method on a cohort of healthy subjects to detect subnetworks associated with the body mass index (BMI). The method identifies several subnetworks that are supported by the current literature, as well as detects some subnetworks with plausible new functional implications. The R code is available at http://web1.sph.emory.edu/users/tyu8/MSS.