gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High spectral purity millimetre-wave modulated opticalsignal generation using fibre grating lasers (1998)

Millimetre-wave optical signal generation by heterodyning two fibre grating lasers is demonstrated. The resulting beat signal has an extremely narrow linewidth (< 50 kHz), is continuously tunable (0 – 40 GHz) and exhibits negligible chirp under direct 2.6 Gbit/s modulation.
Graphics image coding for freeze-frame videoconferencing (1989)

A technique is presented for coding images that are bilevel in nature but have been captured in continuous-tone format. Following various stages of image processing, a three-level image is generated, and compressed to about 0.1 to 0.2 b/pixel. The technique has been implemented in the IBM freeze-frame videoconferencing system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prothrombin complex concentrates: an update. (2010)

Although the various coagulation factors are present at physiological concentrations in fresh-frozen plasma (FFP) derived from healthy blood donors, some virally inactivated plasma-derived coagulation factor concentrates have been available for many years. These latter products include single coagulation factor concentrates (such as factor VIII concentrates for the treatment of haemophilia A and factor IX concentrate for the treatment of haemophilia B) or the so-called prothrombin complex concentrates (PCC), which are intermediate purity pooled plasma products containing a mixture of vitamin K-dependent proteins1,2.

This review will focus on the description of PCC, on their indications and safety. It will not address activated PCC for the treatment of patients with clotting factor inhibitors.
Effects of Active Immunization with Bovine Luteinizing Hormone on Reproduction in the Female Rat (1968)

The active immunization of female rats with bovine luteinizing hormone causes an impairment of the animals’ reproductive capacity. Less than 10% of the immunized animals exhibited normal estrous cycles, accepted male partners and had what could be considered uneventful pregnancies. The impairment of the reproductive performance could be classified into 4 major categories. The animals demonstrated fertile matings but complicated complicated pregnancies, sterile matings, nonmating behavior, or they became anestrous. Booster injections of the LH preparation consistently increased the circulating antibody titer to the bovine hormone and concomitantly increased the severity of the reproductive disorder. The immunologic mechanism by which the endogenous hormone activity is diminished remains to be clarified. (Endocrinology82: 1190, 1968)
Partial scan delay fault testing of asynchronous circuits (1997)

Asynchronous circuits operate correctly only under timing assumptions. Hence testing those circuits for delay faults is crucial. This paper describes a three-step method to detect possible delay faults in a sequential asynchronous circuit. The delays that are to be tested must be provided by the synthesis system. By using this information a set of paths in the circuit that must be tested is identified (step 1). For these paths the circuit is made acyclic by inserting at least one scan latch in every cycle (step 2). Then test patterns are generated for these paths (step 3). These test patterns consist of setup and initialization vectors and the final test vector. We provide effective procedures to solve both the initialization and the test pattern generation problem. The latter problem is solved by reduction to a classical problem of stuck-at test pattern generation for a related combinational circuit. Finally, a heuristic is proposed to determine which state variables must become part of a scan chain, or for which input variables the positive and negative phase must be driven independently in test mode. Experimental results shows that a high level of path delay fault testability can be achieved with partial scan.
Mosaic Structure of Ternary Al<sub> 1-x</sub>In<sub>x</sub>N Films on GaN Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1999)

Al 1- x In x N heteroepitaxial films were grown on GaN by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy. In the case of Al 0.50 In 0.50 N, the crystallinity progressively degraded with increasing thickness. On the contrary, the crystallinity of Al 0.83 In 0.17 N, which is in-plane lattice-matched with GaN, remained almost unchanged irrespective of the thickness. The crystallinity of Al 0.83 In 0.17 N was strongly dependent on the quality of the underlying GaN layer, while that of Al 0.50 In 0.50 N was not as sensitive.
Inverse Reinforce Learning with Nonparametric Behavior Clustering (2017)

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is the task of learning a single reward function given a Markov Decision Process (MDP) without defining the reward function, and a set of demonstrations generated by humans/experts. However, in practice, it may be unreasonable to assume that human behaviors can be explained by one reward function since they may be inherently inconsistent. Also, demonstrations may be collected from various users and aggregated to infer and predict user's behaviors. In this paper, we introduce the Non-parametric Behavior Clustering IRL algorithm to simultaneously cluster demonstrations and learn multiple reward functions from demonstrations that may be generated from more than one behaviors. Our method is iterative: It alternates between clustering demonstrations into different behavior clusters and inverse learning the reward functions until convergence. It is built upon the Expectation-Maximization formulation and non-parametric clustering in the IRL setting. Further, to improve the computation efficiency, we remove the need of completely solving multiple IRL problems for multiple clusters during the iteration steps and introduce a resampling technique to avoid generating too many unlikely clusters. We demonstrate the convergence and efficiency of the proposed method through learning multiple driver behaviors from demonstrations generated from a grid-world environment and continuous trajectories collected from autonomous robot cars using the Gazebo robot simulator.
GPS User Equipment Error Models (1978)

the basis for establishing the fundamental mathematical error models associated with measurements of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals by various types of user equipments is provided in this paper. The GPS user equipment error models which are described are intended to be utilized for various system performance and mission effectiveness analyses.
On Differential Detection of Binary FM (1984)

Differential detection of binary frequency-shift keyed signals (binary FM) is analyzed. It is shown that, by proper selection of the delay interval, the error rate of differentially detected binary FM can be made equal to the error rate of binary DPSK provided that the modulation index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h</tex> satisfies <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h \geq 0.5</tex> . If <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">h > 0.5</tex> , it is shown that the differential detection of binary FM yields poorer performance than DPSK.
An adaptive spacetime discontinuous Galerkin method for cohesive models of elastodynamic fracture (2009)

Abstract This paper describes an adaptive numerical framework for cohesive fracture models based on a spacetime discontinuous Galerkin (SDG) method for elastodynamics with elementwise momentum balance. Discontinuous basis functions and jump conditions written with respect to target traction values simplify the implementation of cohesive traction–separation laws in the SDG framework; no special cohesive elements or other algorithmic devices are required. We use unstructured spacetime grids in a h ‐adaptive implementation to adjust simultaneously the spatial and temporal resolutions. Two independent error indicators drive the adaptive refinement. One is a dissipation‐based indicator that controls the accuracy of the solution in the bulk material; the second ensures the accuracy of the discrete rendering of the cohesive law. Applications of the SDG cohesive model to elastodynamic fracture demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and reveal a new solution feature: an unexpected quasi‐singular structure in the velocity response. Numerical examples demonstrate the use of adaptive analysis methods in resolving this structure, as well as its importance in reliable predictions of fracture kinetics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel anticoagulants for flow cytometric analysis of live leucocytes in whole blood (1996)

Enzyme inhibitors have been compared with conventional anticoagulants for the flow cytometric analysis of live leucocytes in whole blood. At 18 to 20°C in vitro, PPACK (60 μM), hirudin (10 units ml−1), leupeptin (20 μg ml−1) and aprotinin (50 μg ml−1) inhibited blood clotting for 4 h or more, whereas PMSF (8 mg ml−1) or AEBSF (5 mg ml−1) inhibited clotting for only 20 or 40 min, respectively. When labelled with CD11b antibodies and analysed immediately ex vivo at 4°C, the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, and polymorphs which stained positively and their mean fluorescence intensities were similar, irrespective into which anticoagulant blood was collected. Less than 1.5-fold increases in expression occurred on monocytes and polymorphs when blood anticoagulated with enzyme inhibitors or conventional anticoagulants was kept at 4°C, or when blood anticoagulated with citrate, heparin, or hirudin was kept at 18 to 20°C for 1 h before labelling and analysis, whereas approximately 2-fold increases in expression occurred in blood kept with K3EDTA, leupeptin, or aprotinin and more than 3-fold increases in blood kept with AEBSF or PPACK at 18 to 20°C for 1 h. Further studies showed that leupeptin could be used effectively as the anticoagulant when investigating functional responses of live leucocytes in whole blood samples by flow cytometry and for the isolation of leucocytes with minimal modulation of adhesion molecules. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for platelet compatibility testing (1983)

The selection of platelet donors for patients who are refractory to random donor platelets often presents a difficult clinical problem. We describe an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for evaluating alloantibodies in refractory patients. Platelets from prospective donors are immobilized on microtiter plates and, after incubation with test serum and washing, platelet-bound IgG is detected with enzyme- linked anti-human IgG. Platelets from 46 prospective donors were tested. Twenty-two were judged compatible (reciprocal of the antibody titer less than 16) and, of these, 15 were used as platelet donors; each gave a measurable platelet increment after transfusion. The magnitude of the response was roughly proportional to the assay results. Platelets from donors giving antibody titers less than 4 resulted in platelet increments at 1 hr ranging from 4,890 to 22,200 (median 12,600), while platelets from donors giving titers of 8 or 16 resulted in lesser increments (550–4548). Conversely, 5 of the 24 patients found incompatible by the assay (titer greater than 16) gave no platelet increment, and in 3 instances, the recipient developed fever and chills after the transfusion. The assay is sensitive, simple, and adaptable to the clinical laboratory. Platelets from volunteer donor panels can be plated and stored for up to 6 mo.
Intraluminal volume homeostasis: A common sertonergic mechanism among diverse epithelia. (2011)

Volume homeostasis is a common physiological phenomenon for fluid secreting organs, such as exocrine and endocrine glands. It is a manifestation of a finite intraluminal space and an ever changing demand for secretory fluids. Volume homeostasis addresses issues of fluid secretion, storage and clearance for efficient functioning. Here we discuss the evidence gathered over the past 2-3 decades on serotonin's role as a feedback inhibitor of secretion in the mammary gland, salivary gland, liver, pancreas, lung, thyroid gland and prostate gland. We propose that serotonin action is a common mechanism of regulating intraductal volume homeostasis.
Development of a position sensitive neutron detector with high efficiency and energy resolution for use at high-flux beam sources (2005)

We are developing a high-efficiency neutron detector with 1 cm position resolution and coarse energy resolution for use at high-flux neutron source facilities currently proposed or under construction. The detector concept integrates a segmented (3)He ionization chamber with the position sensitive, charged particle collection methods of a MicroMegas detector. Neutron absorption on the helium produces protons and tritons that ionize the fill gas. The charge is amplified in the field region around a wire mesh and subsequently detected in current mode by wire strips mounted on a substrate. One module consisting of a high-voltage plate, a field-shaping high-voltage plate, a grid and wire strips defines a detection region. For 100 % efficiency, detector modules are consecutively placed along the beam axis. Analysis over several regions with alternating wire strip orientation provides a two-dimensional beam profile. By using (3)He, a 1/v absorption gas, each axial region captures neutrons of a different energy range, providing an energy-sensitive detection scheme especially useful at continuous beam sources.
B7-H3 promotes gastric cancer cell migration and invasion (2017)

B7-H3 (B7 homologue 3, CD276) is a member of the B7 immunoregulatory family and promotes tumor progression. The present study demonstrated that B7-H3 promotes gastric cancer cell migration and invasion. shRNA-mediated B7-H3 silencing in the N87 gastric cancer cell line suppressed cell migration and invasion <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>; downregulated metastasis-associated CXCR4; and inhibited AKT, ERK, and Jak2/Stat3 phosphorylation. B7-H3-silenced cells injected into the tail veins of 4-week-old female BALB/c nude mice produced fewer metastases than control cells, and resulted in longer survival times. Immunofluorescence analyses confirmed B7-H3/CXCR4 colocalization in N87 cells, and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed a direct interaction between the two proteins. Our analysis of 120 tissue samples from gastric cancer patients showed that increased B7-H3 expression correlated positively with both tumor infiltration depth and CXCR4 expression. These findings suggest that B7-H3 and CXCR4 may be novel targets for anti-gastric cancer therapeutics.
Personalized Federated Learning for Intelligent IoT Applications: A Cloud-Edge Based Framework (2020)

Internet of Things (IoT) have widely penetrated in different aspects of modern life and many intelligent IoT services and applications are emerging. Recently, federated learning is proposed to train a globally shared model by exploiting a massive amount of user-generated data samples on IoT devices while preventing data leakage. However, the device, statistical and model heterogeneities inherent in the complex IoT environments pose great challenges to traditional federated learning, making it unsuitable to be directly deployed. In this paper we advocate a personalized federated learning framework in a cloud-edge architecture for intelligent IoT applications. To cope with the heterogeneity issues in IoT environments, we investigate emerging personalized federated learning methods which are able to mitigate the negative effects caused by heterogeneities in different aspects. With the power of edge computing, the requirements for fast-processing capacity and low latency in intelligent IoT applications can also be achieved. We finally provide a case study of IoT based human activity recognition to demonstrate the effectiveness of personalized federated learning for intelligent IoT applications.
Displays for MR angiography (1990)

There are several MR imaging procedures that result in three-dimensional data of moving spins. One way to evaluate these data is a sequential observation of 2D slices. A more common and efficient approach is to retrospectively calculate two-dimensional projection images at different angles representing individual views of the tomographic volume. The display of different views from the same data set will allow a realistic visualization of the blood vessel anatomy.
Mitochondria: Determinants of Stem Cell Fate? (2009)

Stem cells are traditionally classified as being either embryonic stem cells (ESCs) or somatic stem cells. Such a designation has now become blurred by the advent of ostensibly pluripotent cells derived from somatic cells, referred to as induced pluripotent stem cells. Mitochondria are the membrane bound organelles that provide the majority of a cell's chemical energy via their production of adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondria are also known to be vital components in many cell processes including differentiation and apoptosis. We are still remarkably uninformed of how mitochondrial function affects stem cell behavior. Reviewed evidence suggests that mitochondrial function and integrity affect stem cell viability, proliferative and differential potential, and lifespan. Mitochondrial status therefore has profound and as yet unexamined implications for the current drive to develop induced pluripotent stem cells as a therapeutic resource.
Transient correction of genetic defects in cultured animal cells by introduction of functional proteins. (1987)

Material was introduced into cultures of cells by using the method of scrape loading, in which cells are simply rubbed from the surface of a plastic tissue culture dish by a rubber-tipped rod in the presence of a macromolecule of interest. The volume of solution introduced into cells was comparable to that generally injected in the direct microinjection method with glass capillaries, that is, about 50 to 100 fl per cell. Genetic defects (lack of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and thymidine kinase) in several cell lines were transiently corrected by scraping the cells in the presence of crude cell extracts prepared from wild-type cells.
Tumour necrosis factor and related cytotoxins (1987)

Natural Production and Release of Tumour Necrosis Factor (G. Gifford, D. Flick). Possible Relationships between in vivo Antitumour Activity and Toxicity of Tumour Necrosis Factor-a (M. Palladino et al.). Human Tumour Necrosis Factors: Structure and Receptor Interactions (B. Aggarwal et al.). Cytocidal Activity of Tumour Necrosis Factor: Protection by Protease Inhibitors (C. Baglioni et al.). Lymphotoxin: Cloning, Regulation, and Mechanism of Killing (N. Ruddle et al.). Physiological Responses to Cachectin (K. Tracey et al.). Structure-function Relationship of Tumour Necrosis Factor and Its Mechanism of Action (W. Fiers et al.). Relationship of Tumour Necrosis Factor and Endotoxin to Macrophage Cytotoxicity, Haemorrhagic Necrosis and Lethal shock (J. Rothstein, H. Schreiber). Antitumour Effects of Necrosis Factor: Cytotoxic or Necrotizing Activity and Its Mechanism (K. Haranaka et al.). Effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor on Human Tumour Xenografts in Nude Mice (F. Balkwill et al.). Effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor and Related Cytokines on Vascular Endothelial Cells (J. Pober). Antiparasitic Effects of Tumour Necrosis Factor in vivo and in vitro (J. Playfair, J. Taverne). Clinical Studies with Tumour Necrosis Factor (D. Spriggs et al.). Summary (L. Old). Index of Contributors. Subject Index.
MEDIA STUDIES AND THE ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING (1977)

ABSTRACT Broadcast material in areas of media studies has now been available to schools since the 1960's. The author describes the history of media education at secondary level in Britain, the potential influence of educational broadcasters in the field, and recent developments in media studies output by the broadcasting organisations.
Design of ILS M&S for RAM Analysis in Guided Weapon System (2015)

국방분야에서 M&S 기법은 분석, 훈련, 획득 등 다양한 목적으로 활용되고 있으며 그 중요성은 더욱 증가하고 있다. 무기체계의 종합군수지원(ILS)요소 개발을 위한 RAM분석 시 M&S 기법을 활용하면 수리적인 기법만으로는 분석하기 어려운 시스템의 다양한 변수와 제약사항을 고려한 분석이 가능하다. 무기체계의 RAM분석을 위한 ILS M&S도구를 설계하기 위해서는 M&S의 목적 설정, 무기체계의 특성 및 유사 M&S Tool 기능 분석 등의 활동이 선행되어야 하며 이를 바탕으로 실제 현실을 프로그램으로 구현하기 용이한 형태의 수학적, 논리적 언어로 모델링해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 'OO유도무기체계'의 배치부터 폐기 시까지 발생하는 운용, 저장, 점검, 고장발생, 정비 등 제반 군수지원활동을 모의하여 유도무기체계의 수명주기 동안의 RAM 특성을 예측, 분석할 수 있는 M&S 도구의 모델링 과정을 제시하고자 하며 이는 유사 M&S 도구의 개발 시 참고자료로도 활용 가능할 것이다. M&S techniques are utilized for various purposes on the national defense, and its importance is increasing than ever. For analyzing RAM (Reliability, Availability and Maintainability) of weapon system, using M&S techniques can be more effective and practical way than deterministic approach, because M&S approach can consider uncertain variables and various constraints in the ILS (Integrated Logistics support) field. For design of ILS M&S, we first set up a purpose of M&S, attributes of real system and other similar ILS M&S tool. Then, we convert real system into model which consists of mathematical formula and logical expression. In this thesis, we introduce modeling procedures of M&S that describes total life cycle of 'OO guided weapon system' and the contents proposed in this paper can provide references for developing other M&S tool.
Two-Step Synthesis of Carbohydrates by Selective Aldol Reactions (2004)

Studies of carbohydrates have been hampered by the lack of chemical strategies for the expeditious construction and coupling of differentially protected monosaccharides. Here, a synthetic route based on aldol coupling of three aldehydes is presented for the de novo production of polyol differentiated hexoses in only two chemical steps. The dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes, catalyzed by l-proline, is then followed by a tandem Mukaiyama aldol addition-cyclization step catalyzed by a Lewis acid. Differentially protected glucose, allose, and mannose stereoisomers can each be selected, in high yield and stereochemical purity, simply by changing the solvent and Lewis acid used. The reaction sequence also efficiently produces (13)C-labeled analogs, as well as structural variants such as 2-amino- and 2-thio-substituted derivatives.
Neuropeptide co-expression in hypothalamic kisspeptin neurons of laboratory animals and the human (2015)

Hypothalamic peptidergic neurons using kisspeptin (KP) and its co-transmitters for communication are critically involved in the regulation of mammalian reproduction and puberty. This article provides an overview of neuropeptides present in KP neurons, with a focus on the human species. Immunohistochemical studies reveal that large subsets of human KP neurons synthesize neurokinin B, as also shown in laboratory animals. In contrast, dynorphin described in KP neurons of rodents and sheep is found rarely in KP cells of human males and postmenopausal females. Similarly, galanin is detectable in mouse, but not human, KP cells, whereas substance P, cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript and proenkephalin-derived opioids are expressed in varying subsets of KP neurons in humans, but not reported in ARC of other species. Human KP neurons do not contain neurotensin, cholecystokinin, proopiomelanocortin-derivatives, agouti-related protein, neuropeptide Y, somatostatin or tyrosine hydroxylase (dopamine). These data identify the possible co-transmitters of human KP cells. Neurochemical properties distinct from those of laboratory species indicate that humans use considerably different neurotransmitter mechanisms to regulate fertility.