gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Décret annulant le jugement de la commission militaire de Bordeaux (Bec-d'Ambès) qui a condamné le marchand David à une amende et chargeant le comité de Législation d'un rapport sur cette affaire, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794) (2000)

Bar Jean-Etienne. Décret annulant le jugement de la commission militaire de Bordeaux (Bec-d'Ambès) qui a condamné le marchand David à une amende et chargeant le comité de Législation d'un rapport sur cette affaire, lors de la séance du 6 brumaire an III (27 octobre 1794). In: Tome C - Du 3 au 18 brumaire an III (24 octobre au 8 novembre 1794) p. 125.
Interleukin 1β-converting Enzyme Related Proteases/Caspases Are Involved in TRAIL-induced Apoptosis of Myeloma and Leukemia Cells (1997)

The Fas/APO-1/CD95 ligand (CD95L) and the recently cloned TRAIL ligand belong to the TNFfamily and share the ability to induce apoptosis in sensitive target cells. Little information is available on the degree of functional redundancy between these two ligands in terms of target selectivity and intracellular signalling pathway(s). To address these issues, we have expressed and characterized recombinant mouse TRAIL. Specific detection with newly developed rabbit anti-TRAIL antibodies showed that the functional TRAIL molecule released into the supernatant of recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells is very similar to that associated with the membrane fraction of Sf9 cells. CD95L resistant myeloma cells were found to be sensitive to TRAIL, displaying apoptotic features similar to those of the CD95L- and TRAIL-sensitive T leukemia cells Jurkat. To assess if IL-1β-converting enzyme (ICE) and/or ICE-related proteases (IRPs) (caspases) are involved in TRAIL-induced apoptosis of both cell types, peptide inhibition experiments were performed. The irreversible IRP/caspase-inhibitor AcYVAD-cmk and the reversible IRP/caspase-inhibitor Ac-DEVD-CHO blocked the morphological changes, disorganization of plasma membrane phospholipids, DNA fragmentation, and loss of cell viability associated with TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In addition, cells undergoing TRAIL-mediated apoptosis displayed cleavage of poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) that was completely blocked by Ac-DEVD-CHO. These results indicate that TRAIL seems to complement the activity of the CD95 system as it allows cells, otherwise resistant, to undergo apoptosis triggered by specific extracellular ligands. Conversely, however, induction of apoptosis in sensitive cells by TRAIL involves IRPs/caspases in a fashion similar to CD95L. Thus, differential sensitivity to CD95L and TRAIL seems to map to the proximal signaling events associated with receptor triggering.
The Elemental Composition of the Environments of the Gametes and Preimplantation Embryo During the Initiation of Pregnancy (1977)

Micropuncture and electron probe microanalysis were used to determine the concentrations of Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg, S and P in picoliter volumes of fluid in the microenvironments of male and female gametes and zygotes in the female genital tract of the mouse. Since ejaculation occurs directly into the lumen of the uterine cornua, post-coital uterine fluid is the first microenvironment of sperm following coitus. This fluid is characterized by a high concentration of K (32 mM) but low concentrations of Na (114 mM), Cl (115 mM) and Ca (1 mM), relative to mouse serum. Elemental analyses of the liquid ejaculate and proestrous uterine fluid demonstrate that the liquid ejaculate is the main modifier of proestrous uterine fluid in the formation of postcoital uterine fluid. In passing from postcoital uterine fluid to the ampulla, the site of fertilization, spermatozoa experience changes in the concentrations of only two elements: Cl and Ca significantly increase. Bursal sac fluid and oviducal fluids in the microenvironment of the mouse ova have unique compositions. Bursal sac fluid is lower in Ca, S and P than serum but slightly higher in K. Ampulla and isthmus fluids contain high concentrations of K (23–25 mM) but low concentrations of Ca (1.7–2.0 mM). Analyses of proestrous `ampulla fluid demonstrate that high K levels in the mouse oviduct are not due to cumulus cell degeneration, but probably originate from the oviducal epithelium.
Distributed simulation of timed Petri nets: basic problems and their resolution (1994)

Presents a model of timed Petri nets which is more general than known models in terms of modeling convenience. The model consists of simple but fairly general modules. This would result in simpler and more modular codes for simulation of these systems, as compared with the known models of timed Petri nets. After discussing this model, the authors present an approach towards its distributed simulation. The well known distributed simulation schemes for discrete event systems do not directly apply to these systems due to the non-autonomous nature of place nodes in timed Petri nets. Moreover, in the authors' approach they incorporate several ideas to increase the degree of concurrency and to reduce the number of overhead messages in distributed simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calcium antagonists in exercise-induced asthma. (1981)

Ten patients with exercise-induced asthma participated in a single-blind trial comparing the protective effects of inhaled verapamil (estimated dose 3 mg) and sodium cromoglycate (estimated dose 12 mg). Saline was used as control. Effects were assessed from the mean maximal percentage fall in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) after running on a treadmill for eight minutes. There was no significant change in baseline FEV1 values after each agent. In the exercise periods, however, FEV1 fell by 45.4% (SEM 4.0) after saline inhalation, 18.4% (5.1) after sodium cromoglycate, and 16.7% (4.3) after verapamil. The inhibitory effects of sodium cromoglycate and verapamil were comparable and significantly different from saline (p less than 0.02 and p less than 0.01 respectively). Nevertheless, considerable intrasubject variability was observed. The findings suggest that mediator release, which is calcium dependent, may play an important part in exercise-induced asthma, and calcium antagonists may inhibit post-exercise bronchoconstriction by their blocking effect on calcium channels.
Involvement of α‐adrenoceptors in myometrial responses in the pro‐oestral rat (1988)

1. Myometrial responses to different agents acting on adrenoceptors were examined in vivo in the pro-oestrous rat. Changes in spontaneous uterine mechanical activity were recorded isometrically and evaluated in terms of amplitude and duration of uterine contractions. 2. Phenylephrine (10 micrograms kg-1) markedly increased the amplitude and duration of contractions and 40 micrograms kg-1 gave rise to tetanic contractions. 3. Administration of either nicergoline (400 micrograms kg-1) or phentolamine (1000 micrograms kg-1) to phenylephrine-primed rat uterus reduced the strength of contractions and phentolamine abolished the phenylephrine-induced uterine contracture. 4. Following blockade of alpha 2-adrenoceptors by yohimbine (1000 micrograms kg-1) and beta-adrenoceptors by propranolol (2400 micrograms kg-1), a single injection of phenylephrine (100 micrograms kg-1) increased the amplitude of uterine contractions by 30%. 5. Noradrenaline reduced the amplitude of contractions and caused elevation of the baseline level. The response of myometrium to the combination of both propranolol and noradrenaline was the establishment of uterine contracture with subsequent increase of the duration of contractions. 6. These results clearly demonstrate the involvement of alpha-adrenoceptors in the myometrial activity of the rat in vivo during pro-oestrus.
Missing Cl conductance in cystic fibrosis (1986)

The specific conductance of the epithelium of the reabsorptive duct of the human eccrine sweat gland was determined by cable analysis of microperfused segments of the duct taken from normal (N) and cystic fibrosis (CF) subjects. Conditions were designed to compare the total conductance and relative contributions of Cl, Na, and residual ion conductance components in the two populations. The total conductance (Gt) of the N ducts was 125 +/- 14 mS/cm2, which was sixfold higher than the Gt of CF ducts. Removal of Cl from the media decreased Gt of the N ducts to the same value as that of the CF ducts (15 +/- 2 mS/cm2). Addition of amiloride to the Cl-free perfusate resulted in a further decline in Gt of approximately 5 mS/cm2 in both tissues. However, the effect of amiloride on Gt of the N duct was more than an order of magnitude greater in Cl-containing than in Cl-free media, but its effect on Gt of the CF duct (with or without Cl) was the same as on that of the N duct in Cl-free media. We conclude that the Cl impermeability that is characteristic of the CF tissue is due to the almost complete absence of an electrodiffusive shunt for Cl across this epithelium, while the remaining conductance components are probably not altered.
Sudden infant death syndrome: How significant are the cardiac channelopathies? (2005)

Having an apparently healthy, thriving infant fail to reach his/her first birthday is profoundly tragic. This tragedy is compounded when the infant's death is unexpected and unexplained, signed out as sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Despite impressive success and welcome reductions in these tragic deaths due in large measure to "Back-to-Sleep" campaigns, the fundamental pathogenic mechanisms precipitating such deaths remain dimly exposed. Here, we review the causal link between SIDS and mutations involving the SCN5A-encoded cardiac sodium channel, provide new findings following extensive postmortem genetic testing of long QT syndrome (LQTS)-associated potassium channel genes in a population-based cohort of SIDS, and summarize the current understanding regarding the spectrum and prevalence of cardiac channelopathies in the pathogenesis of SIDS.
Family study of lipoprotein lipase gene polymorphisms and plasma triglyceride levels (1996)

To better characterize the role of the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) gene in the determination of triglyceride levels in healthy subjects, a study was performed in 193 nuclear families (384 parents, means age = 42.0 ± 5.2 years; 399 offspring, mean age = 14.6 ± 4.3 years) volunteering to have a free health checkup examination. The pattern of familial resemblance was compatible with a zero correlation between spouses, a weak father-offspring correlation (0.099 ± 0.054; P < 0.07), and significant mother-offspring (0.235 ± 0.053; P < 10−4) and sib-sib (0.294 ± 0.064; P < 10−4) correlations. Associations of triglyceride levels with the LPL HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms were investigated by a familial measured genotype analysis, specifying sex- and age-dependent polymorphism effects. The effects associated with both polymorphisms were significant only in fathers, the H+ and P+ alleles being associated with raised triglyceride levels. The HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms explained 3.5% and 3%, respectively, of the variability of triglycerides in fathers. The relationship was weakened after prior adjustment on body mass index, but remained significant for PvuII. Because of the lack of effect in mothers and offspring, the polymorphisms did not contribute to the covariance of triglyceride levels in relatives. In conclusion, this family study showed a weak relationship of the HindIII and PvuII polymorphisms to plasma triglyceride levels in young healthy male subjects. The effects detectable only in fathers suggest a possible modulation of the LPL expression by hormonal or lifestyle factors. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Wettability Determination and Its Effect on Recovery Efficiency (1969)

Abstract A quantitative method for measuring the wettability of porous media containing brine and crude oil has been developed by the USBM using capillary pressure curves determined with a centrifuge. These measurements were reproducible within a standard deviation of 8.2 percent. The determination of fractional wettability has been compared with a method involving a combination of imbibition and displacement. Results are in agreement qualitatively as to whether a sample was water-wet or oil-wet. When tested with outcrop cores of Torpedo Sandstone, wetting tendencies of oils from widely different fields range from highly water-wet to almost neutral. Silicone-treated cores vary in extent of wettability in a predictable manner, becoming more oil-wet as the concentration of silicone used in core preparation is increased. Wettability, used as a parameter in designing linear mathematical models for predicting recovery efficiency, is equal in significance to viscosity and permeability. Introduction Wettability is one of the major factors that influences oil recovery. The importance of maintaining a water-wet condition in a field under water drive has been discussed by many authors. These authors have shown that oil recovery, as a function of the water injected, is greater from water-wet cores than from oil-wet cores. A few authors have indicated that recovery from strongly water-wet or oil-wet cores is less than recovery from cores that are at some intermediate wettability. One reason that the significance of wettability to oil recovery is still being evaluated is because a quantitative measurement of wettability has not been available when crude oil is involved.
Localization of nonpalpable breast lesions with the curved-end, retractable wire: leaving the needle in vivo (1988)

Localization of nonpalpable breast lesions with the curved-end, retractable wire: leaving the needle in vivoMJ HomerAudio Available | Share
Mechanism of inhibition of DNA methyltransferases by cytidine analogs in cancer therapy (2004)

Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes caused by aberrant activity of DNA methyltransferases is an important mechanism that contributes to cancer. The reaction mechanism of DNA methyltransferases, which includes formation of a covalent intermediate between the enzyme and the target base, is the basis of the success of several anti-cancer drugs that are targeted against DNA methylation. These include 5-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (Decitabine) and 2-H pyrimidinone-1-beta-D(2'-deoxyriboside) (Zebularine). This review provides an insight to how the chemistry of DNA methylation is involved in the performance of these drugs targeted against it.
Ruthenium Red Improves Postischemic Contractile Function in Isolated Rat Hearts (1990)

The effect of ruthenium red (inhibitor of mitochondrial calcium entry) on reperfusion contractile function and enzyme release was determined in isolated perfused rat hearts and compared with that of diltiazem. The hearts were made ischemic for 25 min and reperfused for 30 min. They were pretreated with 1-10 microM ruthenium red, 1 microM diltiazem, or vehicle. All concentrations of ruthenium red significantly improved reperfusion contractile function without affecting lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release or contracture. Diltiazem significantly improved reperfusion function and reduced LDH release and contracture formation. Ruthenium red still improved function even when given only during reperfusion. Diltiazem increased reperfusion oxygen consumption and efficiency of oxygen utilization whereas ruthenium red improved efficiency without an increase in oxygen consumption. Diltiazem significantly increased reperfusion functional reserve in these hearts, although ruthenium red did not. Ruthenium red reduced coronary flow and contractile function in nonischemic myocardial tissue and the reduced function appeared to be secondary to the reduced coronary flow as well as to a direct negative inotropic effect. Thus, ruthenium red improved reperfusion contractile function and oxygen efficiency; this may be related to its ability to block mitochondrial calcium uptake.
Two pathways of T cell activation. (1987)

Monoclonal antibodies capable of exerting agonistic functions toward surface receptors of human T lymphocytes are employed to study discrete signals involved in T cell activation via two differential pathways (antigen-induced and "alternative" pathway of T cell activation). The studies to be reported demonstrate that these two modes of T cell triggering are independent of each other since the respective cell surface molecules with which T cells interact in the initiation of activation and the requirements for monokines are clearly distinct. Moreover, preliminary investigations of various types of secondary immunodeficiencies suggest that immunologic dysfunction can be attributed to blockades at particular levels of the activation cascade.
Carrier capture into a semiconductor quantum well (1993)

We experimentally observed an oscillating carrier capture time as a function of quantum well thickness. The capture times were obtained in a separate confinement quantum well structure by subpicosecond rise time measurements of the quantum well luminescence as well as by pump-probe correlation measurements of the population decay in the barrier layer. Both experimental techniques yield an oscillating capture time between 3 and 20 ps, in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions. In a classical picture, our results correspond to a local capture time oscillating between 0.1 and 1.8 ps. Furthermore, the dependence of the capture time on the excitation energy is analyzed and the time-dependent position of the quasi-Fermi-level in the barrier layer is tracked experimentally. We find that the carrier capture time is very sensitive to the detailed structure parameters as well as to the carrier distribution in the barrier. Carrier capture is found to be an ambipolar process in which the oscillations of the observed capture times are due to the quantum-mechanical oscillation of the electron wave-function overlap above the well. Finally, electron capture is demonstrated to be dominated by LO-phonon emission.
The effects of dynein inhibition on the autophagic pathway in glioma cells (2009)

Autophagy has multiple physiological functions, including protein degradation, organelle turnover and the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy. Because autophagy is implicated in a number of diseases, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of autophagy is needed for therapeutic purposes, including rational design of drugs. Autophagy is a process that occurs in several steps as follows: formation of phagophores, formation of mature autophagosomes, targeting and trafficking of autophagosomes to lysosomes, formation of autolysosomes by fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, and finally, degradation of the autophagic bodies within the lysosomes. It has been suggested that autophagosome formation is driven by molecular motor machineries, and, once formed, autophagosomes need to reach lysosomes, enriched perinuclearly around the microtubule-organizing centre. While it is recognized that all these steps require the cytoskeletal network, little is known about the mechanisms involved. Here we assessed the role of cytoplasmic dynein in the autophagic process of human glioma cells to determine the part played by dynein in autophagy. We observed that chemical interference with dynein function led to an accumulation of autophagosomes, suggesting impaired autophagosome-lysosome fusion. In contrast, we found that overexpression of dynamitin, which disrupts the dynein complex, reduced the number of autophagosomes, suggesting the requirement of the dynein-dynactin interaction in the early membrane trafficking step in autophagosome formation. These results suggest that dynein plays a variety of crucial roles during the autophagic process in glioma cells.
A large scale neural network 'CombNET-II' (2002)

Summary form only given. The authors propose a large-scale neural network model, CombNET-II, which consists of a four-layered network with a comb structure. A vector quantizing network forms the first layer as a stem and many three-layered networks form layers two through four as branches. As input data flows into the stem network, one of the category groups is selected according to the activation level of the neuron. Then the input data flows into one of the branch networks, which classifies the input data into a specified category. CombNET-II employs a self-growing procedure for learning the stem network and back propagation for branch networks. CombNET-II was applied to implement a network to classify 2965 printed Kanji characters (Japanese Industrial Standard, JIS first-level set). Recognition rates of 99.8 approximately 99.9% have been achieved for test data sets. This network consists of more than 10000 neurons and nearly 1 million connections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Monumentum profits and trading costs (2008)

This paper investigates whether momentum strategies remain profitable, when the trading costs, 
including price impact are considered. Using French enterprises quoted over the period 1995-
2004, momentum strategy is applied for various formation (6 and 12 months) and holding (1, 3, 6, 
9, 12 months) periods. Performance of momentum strategy is evaluated after taking into account 
alternative measures of transaction costs. In order to estimate measures of liquidity, trading cost 
estimates are adjusted to a set of predetermined firm-specific variables. Two approaches were 
followed to estimate the returns of the momentum strategy, net of the trading costs. First we com-
pared the returns of the winner minus loser portfolio to the respective transaction cost estimates. 
Second, we estimate the abnormal returns of Fama and French three factors model [6]. We find 
that the returns associated with relative strength investing strategies exceed three measures of 
trading costs: effective spread, price impact measures of Breen et al. [2] and Glosten et al. [9] 
cost models. For proportional trading costs (quoted spread and effective spread), the estimated 
abnormal return imply that proportional spreads do not eliminate the statistically significance of 
momentum profits. For non proportional trading costs (price impact models), the performance of 
the trading strategy declines with portfolio size. We estimate the abnormal returns for different 
levels of initial investment. For Breen et al. specification, we find that for the major break even fund 
sizes momentum strategies perform better post price impact. For Glosten et al. specification, we 
find that abnormal return remains positive for all levels of initial investment.
High-Accuracy Fixed-Width Modified Booth Multipliers for Lossy Applications (2009)

The fixed-width multiplier is attractive to many multimedia and digital signal processing systems which are desirable to maintain a fixed format and allow a little accuracy loss to output data. This paper presents the design of high-accuracy fixed-width modified Booth multipliers. To reduce the truncation error, we first slightly modify the partial product matrix of Booth multiplication and then derive an effective error compensation function that makes the error distribution be more symmetric to and centralized in the error equal to zero, leading the fixed-width modified Booth multiplier to very small mean and mean-square errors. In addition, a simple compensation circuit mainly composed of the simplified sorting network is also proposed. Compared to the previous circuits, the proposed error compensation circuit can achieve a tiny mean error and a significant reduction in mean-square error (e.g., at least 12.3% reduction for the 16-bit fixed-width multiplier) while maintaining the approximate hardware overhead. Furthermore, experimental results on two real-life applications also demonstrate that the proposed fixed-width multipliers can improve the average peak signal-to-noise ratio of output images by at least 2.0 dB and 1.1 dB, respectively.