gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone metastases: pathophysiology and management policy. (1991)

The pathophysiology and options for management of bone metastases as well as criteria for determining response to therapy are reviewed. Bone metastases are frequently one of the first signs of disseminated disease in cancer patients. In the majority of patients, the primary tumor is in the breast, prostate, or lungs. Although almost all patients will die of their disease, a proportion of the patients will survive for several years. Treatment is primarily palliative: the intention is to relieve pain, prevent fractures, maintain activity and mobility, and, if possible, to prolong survival. Therapeutic options include local treatment with radiotherapy and/or surgery, and systemic treatment using chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, radioisotopes, agents such as diphosphonates, which inhibit resorption of bone, as well as analgesic and antiinflammatory drugs. The mechanisms by which pain is relieved by several of these therapies remain unclear but actions beyond a simple tumoricidal effect appear to be important. There have been few randomized trials comparing the therapeutic options, and the criteria for assessing response to therapy have, in general, been poorly defined. There is a need for rigorous clinical investigations that assess the efficacy of the various therapeutic possibilities by using well-defined and validated criteria of response.
Novel Fabrication Process to Realize Ultra-Thin (EOT=0.7 nm) and Ultra-Low-Leakage SiON Gate Dielectrics (2006)

The reaction mechanism of nitrogen atoms with Si was investigated based on first principles calculations and experimental results to realize ultra thin SiN-based SiON films with high insulation and good interfacial properties. Incorporation rate of nitrogen atoms into Si has a great influence on arranging 3-fold coordinated N atoms uniformly. By arranging 3-fold coordinated N atoms into the Si sub-surface layer uniformly, oxidation-resistant Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> film can be formed and O atoms were successfully incorporated into the SiN/Si interface with minimum disruption of SiN structures. By using this novel process, a high-quality ultra-thin gate SiON film with an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 0.7 nm and a leakage current (J <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of 95 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , i.e., 1/10 or less than that of traditional SiON films was realized. Mobility is not reduced to less than 89% of an ideal SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film
Thick LiNbO3 layers on diamond-coated silicon for surface acoustic wave filters (2002)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology based on lithium niobate/diamond/silicon multilayered structures has been investigated due to the large demand of frequency filters for communication systems, particularly for cellular phones. Thick LiNbO3 layers (∼1 μm) with a good morphology, i.e., surface roughness lower than 10 nm have been grown at 490 °C on diamond-coated silicon substrates by multistep rf magnetron sputtering. A SAW devices operating at 300 MHz was designed and fabricated in order to validate the proposed structure; in particular, our main objective was to verify the high velocity in the layered structure. Preliminary filter responses were very promising: the SAW velocity was estimated to 8200 m/s and the coupling factor was K2∼0.93%. The film growth, the technology, and the electrical measurements are described in this letter.
Preparation and x-ray powder structure solution of a novel aluminum phosphate molecular sieve, (AlPO4)3.cntdot.(CH3)4NOH (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and x-ray powder structure solution of a novel aluminum phosphate molecular sieve, (AlPO4)3.cntdot.(CH3)4NOHPhilip R. Rudolf, Carlos Saldarriaga-Molina, and Abraham ClearfieldCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 23, 6122–6125Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/j100281a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (538 KB) Get e-Alerts
Four-value multiplexing orbital angular momentum communication scheme using loop antenna arrays (2016)

A four-value multiplexing orbital angular momentum (OAM) communication scheme is demonstrated using loop antenna arrays. Considering the radiated fields of loop antennas, MIMO communication without signal processing is shown to be realized by controlling the current distribution in a single Fourier expansion coefficient. Through numerical analysis on the current, a single coefficient is shown to be dominant, where the loop perimeter is approximately the integral multiple of the wavelength. For long-range OAM communication, diffraction patterns of the collimated fields with paraboloids are analyzed, and the diffraction is shown to have a greater effect on the higher OAM modes. For short-range communication, four-element loop antenna arrays are estimated by simulations and measurements. The transmission coefficient between the antennas of the same perimeter is shown to be larger by more than 12 dB than those of a different perimeter for a 1-cm distance. For long-range communication, a collimating configuration is proposed, and the transmission coefficient between the antennas of the same perimeter is shown to be larger by more than 11 dB for a 1-m distance.
Enzymatic Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 2-Methylene-4-(fluoromethyl)-4-butanolides (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTEnzymatic Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of 2-Methylene-4-(fluoromethyl)-4-butanolidesYuzo Komatsu, Fumio Sasaki, Satoshi Takei, and Tomoya KitazumeView Author Information Department of Bioengineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama, 226-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 22, 8058–8061Publication Date (Web):October 8, 1998Publication History Received18 June 1998Published online8 October 1998Published inissue 1 October 1998https://doi.org/10.1021/jo981183zCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (65 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Materials,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Phloem Unloading in Sink Leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana: Comparison of a Fluorescent Solute with a Fluorescent Virus. (1997)

Using noninvasive imaging techniques, we compared phloem unloading of the membrane-impermeant, fluorescent solute carboxyfluorescein (CF) with that of potato virus X expressing the gene for the green fluorescent protein. Although systemic virus transport took considerably longer to occur than did CF transport, unloading of both solute and virus occurred predominantly from the class III vein network, a highly branched veinal system found between class II veins. The minor veins (classes IV and V) played no role in solute or virus import but were shown to be functional in xylem transport at the time of import by labeling with Texas Red dextran. After virus exit from the class III phloem, the minor veins eventually became infected by cell-to-cell virus movement from the mesophyll. During the sink/source transition, phloem unloading of CF was inhibited from class III veins before the cessation of phloem import through them, suggesting a symplastic isolation of the phloem in class III veins before its involvement in export. The progression of the sink/source transition for carbon was unaffected by the presence of the virus in the sink leaf. However, the virus was unable to cross the sink/source boundary for carbon that was present at the time of viral entry, suggesting a limited capacity for cell-to-cell virus movement into the apical (source) region of the leaf. A functional model of the sink/source transition in Nicotiana benthamiana is presented. This model provides a framework for the analysis of solute and virus movement in leaves.
Synthesis of Quinazolinedione Using Triphosgene (1991)

Abstract O-aminobenzamides are easily ring closed to Quinazolinediones using triphosgene.
MethTools--a toolbox to visualize and analyze DNA methylation data (2000)

The Bisulfite Genomic Sequencing technique has found wide acceptance for the generation of DNA-methylation maps with single-base resolution. The method is based on the selective deamination of cytosine to uracil (and subsequent conversion to thymine via PCR), whereas 5-methylcytosine residues remain unchanged. Methylation maps are created by the comparison of bisulfite converted sequences with the untreated genomic sequence. 'MethTools' is a collection of software tools that replaces the time-consuming manual comparison process, generates graphical outputs of methylation patterns and methyl-ation density, estimates the systematic error of the experiment and searches for conserved methylated nucleotide patterns. The programs are written in Perl 5 and C, and the source code can be downloaded. All tools run independently but the programs are interfaced. Thus, a script can perform the entire analysis procedure automatically. In addition, a web-based remote analysis service is offered. Both the source code and the remote analysis are available at http://genome.imb-jena.de/methtools/
The Translational Medicine Ontology and Knowledge Base: driving personalized medicine by bridging the gap between bench and bedside (2011)

TMO can be downloaded from http://code.google.com/p/translationalmedicineontology and TMKB can be accessed at http://tm.semanticscience.org/sparql.
Attribute-Enhanced Face Recognition with Neural Tensor Fusion Networks (2017)

Deep learning has achieved great success in face recognition, however deep-learned features still have limited invariance to strong intra-personal variations such as large pose changes. It is observed that some facial attributes (e.g. eyebrow thickness, gender) are robust to such variations. We present the first work to systematically explore how the fusion of face recognition features (FRF) and facial attribute features (FAF) can enhance face recognition performance in various challenging scenarios. Despite the promise of FAF, we find that in practice existing fusion methods fail to leverage FAF to boost face recognition performance in some challenging scenarios. Thus, we develop a powerful tensor-based framework which formulates feature fusion as a tensor optimisation problem. It is nontrivial to directly optimise this tensor due to the large number of parameters to optimise. To solve this problem, we establish a theoretical equivalence between low-rank tensor optimisation and a two-stream gated neural network. This equivalence allows tractable learning using standard neural network optimisation tools, leading to accurate and stable optimisation. Experimental results show the fused feature works better than individual features, thus proving for the first time that facial attributes aid face recognition. We achieve state-of-the-art performance on three popular databases: MultiPIE (cross pose, lighting and expression), CASIA NIR-VIS2.0 (cross-modality environment) and LFW (uncontrolled environment).
Evaluation of Recommender Algorithms for an Internet Information Broker based on Simple Association Rules and on the Repeat-Buying Theory (2002)

Association rules are a widely used technique to generate recommendations in commercial and research recommender systems. Since more and more Web sites, especially of retailers, offer automatic recommender services using Web usage mining, evaluation of recommender algorithms becomes increasingly important. In this paper we first present a framework for the evaluation of different aspects of recommender systems based on the pro- cess of discovering knowledge in databases of Fayyad et al. and then we focus on the com- parison of the performance of two recommender algorithms based on frequent itemsets. The first recommender algorithm uses association rules, and the other recommender algorithm is based on the repeat-buying theory known from marketing research. For the evaluation we concentrated on how well the patterns extracted from usage data match the concept of useful recommendations of users. We use 6 month of usage data from an educational Inter- net information broker and compare useful recommendations identified by users from the target group of the broker with the results of the recommender algorithms. The results of the evaluation presented in this paper suggest that frequent itemsets from purchase histories match the concept of useful recommendations expressed by users with satisfactory accuracy (higher than 70%) and precision (between 60% and 90%). Also the evaluation suggests that both algorithms studied in the paper perform similar on real-world data if they are tuned properly.
Use of Antihypertensive Medications During Delivery Hospitalizations Complicated by Preeclampsia (2018)

Use of multiple antihypertensive agents to treat preeclamptic women increased over the study period for women with mild, superimposed, and severe preeclampsia. There was substantial hospital variation in use of antihypertensive agents. This trend was associated with decreased risk of maternal stroke.
Antibody-secreting cells in human peripheral blood after oral immunization with an inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccine (1992)

Vaccine antigen-specific antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses in peripheral blood of healthy adult volunteers were studied after oral immunization with a prototype enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine by means of the enzyme-linked immunospot technique. Three doses of vaccine consisting of formalin-killed ETEC bacteria expressing fimbrial colonization factor antigens I and II (CFA/I and CFA/II) in combination with purified cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) were given 2 weeks apart. The ASC responses were detected 7 days after each immunization. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) was the predominant isotype produced by CFA/I- as well as CFA/II-specific ASCs. Moderate CFA/I- and CFA/II-specific IgM-secreting ASC (IgM-ASC) responses were also seen, whereas IgG-ASC responses to either of the CFAs were negligible. The ASC responses to CTB, on the other hand, comprised both IgA- and IgG-ASCs, with few if any specific IgM-ASCs. Almost 90% of the volunteers developed CFA-specific ASC responses after vaccination. Maximal CFA-specific ASC responses were usually observed after a single dose or two doses of vaccine. A third dose of vaccine did not result in increased but rather resulted in decreased magnitudes of CFA-specific ASC responses. Furthermore, it was found that CTB did not function as a mucosal adjuvant, since CFA-specific ASC responses were not enhanced by the simultaneous administration of CTB. These results suggest that two oral doses of ETEC vaccine induce a strong mucosal immune response, as reflected by the presence of large numbers of antigen-specific mucosal B cell immunoblasts in the blood.
Electrical nanogap devices for biosensing (2010)

For detecting substances that are invisible to the human eye or nose, and particularly those biomolecules, the devices must have very small feature sizes, be compact and provide a sufficient level of sensitivity, often to a small number of biomolecules that are just a few nanometres in size. Electrical nanogap devices for biosensing have emerged as a powerful technique for detecting very small quantities of biomolecules. The most charming feature of the devices is to directly transduce events of biomolecules specific binding into useful electrical signals such as resistance/impedance, capacitance/dielectric, or field-effect. Nanogap devices in electrical biosensing have become a busy area of research which is continually expanding. A wealth of research is available discussing planar and vertical nanogap devices for biosensing. Planar nanogap devices including label-free, gold nanoparticle-labeled, nanoparticles-enhanced, nanogapped gold particle film, and carbon nanotube nanogap devices as well as vertical nanogap devices with two and three terminals for biosensing are carefully reviewed. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated overview of the work in this field. In each part, we discuss the principles of operation of electrical biosensing and consider major strategies for enhancing their performance and/or key challenges and opportunities in current stages, and in their further development.
Functional classification of proteins for the prediction of cellular function from a protein-protein interaction network (2004)

PRODISTIN, a new computational method allowing the functional clustering of proteins on the basis of protein-protein interaction data. This method was used to classify 11% of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome into several groups.
<i>LST1</i> Is a <i>SEC24</i> Homologue Used for Selective Export of the Plasma Membrane ATPase from the Endoplasmic Reticulum (1999)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, vesicles that carry proteins from the ER to the Golgi compartment are encapsulated by COPII coat proteins. We identified mutations in ten genes, designated LST (lethal with sec-thirteen), that were lethal in combination with the COPII mutation sec13-1. LST1 showed synthetic-lethal interactions with the complete set of COPII genes, indicating that LST1 encodes a new COPII function. LST1 codes for a protein similar in sequence to the COPII subunit Sec24p. Like Sec24p, Lst1p is a peripheral ER membrane protein that binds to the COPII subunit Sec23p. Chromosomal deletion of LST1 is not lethal, but inhibits transport of the plasma membrane proton-ATPase (Pma1p) to the cell surface, causing poor growth on media of low pH. Localization by both immunofluorescence microscopy and cell fractionation shows that the export of Pma1p from the ER is impaired in lst1Delta mutants. Transport of other proteins from the ER was not affected by lst1Delta, nor was Pma1p transport found to be particularly sensitive to other COPII defects. Together, these findings suggest that a specialized form of the COPII coat subunit, with Lst1p in place of Sec24p, is used for the efficient packaging of Pma1p into vesicles derived from the ER.
An Optical Fibre-Based Sensor for Respiratory Monitoring (2014)

In this paper, a textile-based respiratory sensing system is presented. Highly flexible polymeric optical fibres (POFs) that react to applied pressure were integrated into a carrier fabric to form a wearable sensing system. After the evaluation of different optical fibres, different setups were compared. To demonstrate the feasibility of such a wearable sensor, the setup featuring the best performance was placed on the human torso, and thus it was possible to measure the respiratory rate. Furthermore, we show that such a wearable system enables to keep track of the way of breathing (diaphragmatic, upper costal and mixed) when the sensor is placed at different positions of the torso. A comparison of the results with the output of some commercial respiratory measurements devices confirmed the utility of such a monitoring device.
Metal complex oligomer and polymer wires on electrodes: Tactical constructions and versatile functionalities (2013)

This review covers recent progress in the construction of metal complex wires on various substrates via the stepwise coordination method, their functions, and the electrochemical evaluation of bis(terpyridine)metal complex oligomer wires on electrodes. In the layer-by-layer process of metal complex wire construction, various combinations of anchor ligands, metal sources, and bridging ligands have been used. The prepared structures show multiple functions, including photocurrent generation, catalytic activity, insulation properties, and long-range electron transport abilities. The electron transport behavior, and the long-range electron transport abilities from the terminal redox site to the electrode via bis(terpyridine)metal complex wires, were evaluated using potential step chronoamperometry. The remarkable long-range electron transport abilities were evidenced in the small values for the attenuation factor, β. The influence of the building blocks in the metal complex wires on the β value and the electron transfer rate constant was demonstrated.