gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image guided near-infrared spectroscopy of breast tissue in vivo using boundary element method (2010)

We demonstrate quantitative functional imaging using image-guided near-infrared spectroscopy (IG-NIRS) implemented with the boundary element method (BEM) for reconstructing 3-D optical property estimates in breast tissue in vivo. A multimodality MRI-NIR system was used to collect measurements of light reflectance from breast tissue. The BEM was used to model light propagation in 3-D based only on surface discretization in order to reconstruct quantitative values of total hemoglobin (HbT), oxygen saturation, water, and scatter. The technique was validated in experimental measurements from heterogeneous breast-shaped phantoms with known values and applied to a total of seven subjects comprising six healthy individuals and one participant with cancer imaged at two time points during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Using experimental measurements from a heterogeneous breast phantom, BEM for IG-NIRS produced accurate values for HbT in the inclusion with a <3% error. Healthy breast tissues showed higher HbT and water in fibroglandular tissue than in adipose tissue. In a subject with cancer, the tumor showed higher HbT compared to the background. HbT in the tumor was reduced by 9 μM during treatment. We conclude that 3-D MRI-NIRS with BEM provides quantitative and functional characterization of breast tissue in vivo through measurement of hemoglobin content. The method provides potentially complementary information to DCE-MRI for tumor characterization.
Enhanced ADS-B Research (2006)

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) is emerging as an advanced aviation technology that provides situational awareness within the aircraft that was previously available only on the ground. Pilots and ground personnel have begun to benefit from this technology but further benefits from technological improvements can still be realized. These improvements include security, increased data capacity, and advanced applications (4D trajectory and data exchange). To this end research is currently being performed by Sensis Corporation in cooperation with NASA Glenn Research Center to provide enhancements to the ADS-B UAT (universal access transceiver) data link. The research goal is to encourage user acceptance by improving upon existing capability and usability along with providing a roadmap and demonstrations of future data link capability.
Isolation of radionuclides from thorium targets irradiated with 300-MeV protons (2013)

Procedures were developed for isolation and separation of radionuclides from a thorium target irradiated with 300-MeV protons. A large set of radionuclides, including those of heavy elements (225,226Ac, 223,224,225Ra, 230U, 230Pa), were obtained. A perspective scheme was suggested for separation of radionuclides from irradiated thorium.
γ-Secretase: Successive Tripeptide and Tetrapeptide Release from the Transmembrane Domain of β-Carboxyl Terminal Fragment (2009)

Amyloid beta protein (Abeta), a pathogenic molecule associated with Alzheimer's disease, is produced by gamma-secretase, which cleaves the beta-carboxyl terminal fragment (betaCTF) of beta-amyloid precursor protein in the middle of its transmembrane domain. How the cleavage proceeds within the membrane has long been enigmatic. We hypothesized previously that betaCTF is cleaved first at the membrane-cytoplasm boundary, producing two long Abetas, Abeta(48) and Abeta(49), which are processed further by releasing three residues at each step to produce Abeta(42) and Abeta(40), respectively. To test this hypothesis, we used liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to quantify the specific tripeptides that are postulated to be released. Using CHAPSO (3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-2-hydroxyl-1-propanesulfonate)-reconstituted gamma-secretase system, we confirmed that Abeta(49) is converted to Abeta(43/40) by successively releasing two or three tripeptides and that Abeta(48) is converted to Abeta(42/38) by successively releasing two tripeptides or these plus an additional tetrapeptide. Most unexpectedly, LC-MS/MS quantification revealed an induction period, 3-4 min, in the generation of peptides. When extrapolated, each time line for each tripeptide appears to intercept the same point on the x-axis. According to numerical simulation based on the successive reaction kinetics, the induction period exists. These results strongly suggest that Abeta is generated through the stepwise processing of betaCTF by gamma-secretase.
A contention binary tree algorithm assisted by source separation (2007)

Inspired by the network diversity multiple access (NDMA) protocols and by the successive interference cancelation tree algorithm (SICTA), we propose a modification to the conventional contention binary tree protocol by incorporating signal separation resources. At each step of the algorithm, the system attempts an optional source separation or a successive interference cancelation using the stored collided packets. The system generalizes all the previously formulated protocols according to either the available system complexity (related to the maximum number of colliding users) or to the system separation capability (related to the structure of the mixing matrix and the probability of successful separation under finite SNR environments). The protocol reduces to a conventional standard tree algorithm (STA) with maximum stable throughput (MST) of 0.346 packets/time-slot for systems with no signal processing capabilities. It also reduces to the SICTA algorithm with an MST of 0.693 for systems with perfect successive interference cancelation. Finally, by adapting the splitting probability according to the source separation capabilities of the system, the algorithm reduces to the NDMA protocol with an MST=1 for a system with perfect separation capabilities and simplified feedback. The tree algorithm is also recognized here as a decentralized networking solution that helps in reducing the system complexity (in terms of maximum number of collided users) and in resolving lost packets from the source separation attempted in previous slots.
Determinants of bone mass in end‐stage renal failure patients at the time of kidney transplantation (2008)

In a representative CRF population, BMD was reduced. Independent predictors of BMD were as for the general population, and uremia associated predictors were time on HD, previous transplantation and serum iPTH level. Fracture rate was high, and physical inactivity had the strongest association with fractures.
The Protective Effect of Continuous Passive Motion on Living Articular Cartilage in Acute Septic Arthritis (1981)

SALTER, ROBERT B. M.D.; BELL, ROBERT S. M.D.; KEELEY, FREDERICK W. Ph.D.Editor(s): ALBRIGHT, JAMES A. M.D.; MILLAR, EDWARD A. M.D. Author Information
<title>Digital Processing Of 3-D Data To Generate Interactive Real-Time Dynamic Pictures</title> (1977)

The real time Computer Graphic system is a powerful tool to enhance visualization of three-dimensional information. This paper introduces the basic concepts of how digital models are created and how a digital image generator processes the model data base to produce an interactive, real time display of the model. Examples of applications are described and photographs of actual computer generated imagery are included to show the realism obtainable from state-of-the-art systems.
Phosphorescence and the Triplet State (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorescence and the Triplet StateGilbert N. Lewis and M. KashaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 12, 2100–2116Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01240a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01240a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4714Altmetric-Citations651LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Puckered-Boat Conformation Hexameric Water Clusters Stabilized in a 2D Metal−Organic Framework Structure Built from Cu(II) and 1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic Acid (2004)

1,2,4,5-Benzenetetracarboxylic acid (btcH(4)) reacts with Cu(NO(3))(2).6H(2)O to form 2D coordination polymeric structure [[Cu(2)(btc)(Py)(4).2H(2)O].4H(2)O](n), 1, in the presence of pyridine from water at room temperature. Puckered-boat-shaped hexameric water clusters resulting from four free water molecules and two water molecules coordinating to metal ions join these sheets to make a 3D network. These water clusters behave as pillars to join those sheets which is the key factor stabilizing the 3D network. Thermal analysis, X-ray powder diffraction, and X-ray structure analysis have been used to characterize this compound. Crystal data for 1 follow: triclinic space group P1, a = 8.905(3) A, b = 11.137(4) A, c = 17.484(2) A, alpha = 82.342(6) degrees, beta = 81.312(3) degrees, gamma = 82.361(4) degrees V= 1687.5(1)A(3), Z = 2, R1 = 0.0331, wR2 = 0.0886, S =1.066.
An adaptive bandwidth reduction scheme for video coding (2010)

In high definition video decoders for the standard like H.264, bandwidth requirement is a critical design issue due to the overwhelming amount of memory data access. This paper proposes a new adaptive reference frame compression scheme to reduce external memory bandwidth consumption. An efficient variable length coding is proposed to compress each processing unit efficiently. Moreover, an adaptive compression mode decision unit is proposed to adaptively choose the best compression mode according to the image characteristic and bandwidth requirement. As a result, the proposed scheme achieves efficient bandwidth reduction with little image quality loss. The experimental results show that, at the same bandwidth reduction ratio the proposed algorithm achieves up-to 0.7 dB gain compared to the existing approaches.
The nucleotide sequences of the tail fiber gene 36 of bacteriophage T2 and of genes 36 of the T-even type<i>Escherichia coli</i>phages K3 and Ox2 (1985)

Genes 36 have been cloned from phage T2 and the T-even type phages K3 and Ox2. The products of these genes are part of the long tail fibers of the phages, they form the proximal moiety of the distal half fiber. The genes have been sequenced, the nucleotide sequence of gene 36 of phage T4 is known (Oliver, D.B. & Crowther, R.A. (1981) J.Mol.Biol. 153, 545-568). Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of the four proteins revealed a surprising pattern. These sequences can be divided into two highly conserved and one very variable region. The former consist of about 60 NH2-terminal and 70 CO2H-terminal residues flanking the variable middle region of about 100 residues. Thus, an identical and unique morphology can be formed by a number of different primary structures. It is proposed that the conserved areas are involved in binding of the proteins to the neighboring products of genes 35 and 37 and that this function has put constraints on the variability of the primary protein structure. The overall amino acid composition of the proteins is rather similar; the codon usage is that known for phage T4. The intercistronic region between genes 35 and 36 consisting of 62 base pairs and containing a presumed terminator for g35 transcription and the 'late type' promoter for transcription of genes 36, 37, and 38, is almost completely identical in the four phages.
Preparation of L-Alanine Crystals Containing Gold Nanoparticles (2008)

Amino acids provide useful foods, medicines, health foods, and nutritional supplements. We studied the morphology control of alanine, an amino acid. We also studied the effects of amino acid addition on the dispersion stability of gold nanoparticles. We then studied hybridization between alanine crystals and arginine-capped gold nanoparticles. Alanine crystal growth in a supersaturated alanine solution was found to increase linearly over time, and alanine crystal growth stopped as supersaturation decreased. Alanine crystals with arginine grew toward the c-axis because arginine was adsorbed onto the face (120) of alanine crystals. Absorption wavelengths of colloidal solutions changed for gold nanoparticles with arginine, suggesting that arginine was adsorbed onto gold nanoparticles. The change in alanine crystal morphology was the same for alanine crystals with arginine-capped gold nanoparticles in that it grew toward the c-axis. Alanine crystals contained arginine-capped gold nanoparticles toward the c-axis.
574. Nucleophilic substitution reactions of-2-chlorobenzimidazoles. Part II. Formation of benzimidazoline-2-thiones and related compounds (1965)

D. Harrison and J. T. Ralph, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 3132 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650003132
Cryosurgery of respiratory structures. I. Cryonecrosis of trachea and bronchus (1973)

Abstract Although extirpative surgery is the mainstay of treatment of tumors of the trachea and bronchial tree, other methods for cure or palliation of neoplasms in these structures should be explored. The present study was designed to assess, in dogs, 1. the pathophysiologic effects of complete circumferential cryonecrosis of a segment of trachea, and 2. the feasibility of performing cryosurgery within the distal tracheobronchial tree through a bronchoscope. Eleven mongrel dogs weighing 16 to 20.5 kg were used. Each dog was anesthetized with intravenous pentobarbital. Under clean conditions, a segment of cervical trachea consisting of 10 rings (two through 12) was exposed and completely mobilized through a midline incision in eight dogs. A segment of trachea consisting of five to six tracheal rings was frozen by applying the probe tip to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea and by suspending the posterior wall on the shaft of the cryoprobe tip. Each probe application lasted two minutes. This effected cryonecrosis of the entire circumference of a 15 to 18 mm segment of trachea. The probe was applied to the same site three times (repetitive freezing) and complete thawing was allowed between freezes. Copper constantan needle thermocouples embedded in 25‐gauge needles were inserted into the tracheal wall, and recordings of temperature changes within the target areas were made continuously with a penline recorder during freezing and thawing. A probe 0.6 cm in diameter and 55 cm long was developed for transbronchoscopic cryosurgery. In three dogs, several focal areas including the anterior and posterior trachea, carina, main stem, and segmental bronchi were frozen. Each site was frozen repetitively (three times for two minutes each). All 11 dogs survived the procedures and resumed normal activity within 12 hours of operation. Necrosis was localized, reproducible, and followed by prompt regeneration of mucosa. The gross architecture of the trachea and bronchus was not permanently altered, and there was no local or regional infection, except in one dog in which a tracheal stricture developed. This was attributed to persistent infection around a permanent suture placed at operation for the endoscopic identification of the target area. The study indicates that trachea and bronchi may be safely frozen by application of a cryoprobe either to the external surface or to the mucosal surface.
Determination of Key Structural Requirements of a K+ Channel Pore (1997)

Among the highly conserved sites in K+ channel pores, the tyrosine-glycine sequence is believed to play an important role in selectivity. Here we describe a novel approach in which comprehensive mutagenesis of the YG sites of the voltage-gated K+ channel, Kat1, is combined with phenotypic screening in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and electrophysiological analysis in Xenopus oocytes to determine the roles of these sites in K+ selectivity. We show that structural constraints necessitate a tyrosine or phenylalanine at the first position to confer full K+ selectivity. Substitution to arginine creates a channel titratable by external pH, suggesting that the side group at this position may line the channel pore. Permeation is abolished by any increase in bulk at the adjacent glycine position unless accompanied by a compensatory mutation at the tyrosine site. These results suggest a model in which the selectivity filter of the K+ channel requires an aromatic residue paired with glycine within the pore loop in order to maintain maximal K+ selectivity.
Estimation of effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of observed moisture plume (2005)

Knowledge of unsaturated zone hydraulic properties is critical for many environmental and engineering applications. Various stochastic methods have been developed during the past 2 decades to estimate the effective unsaturated hydraulic properties. Independent of these stochastic methods, we develop in this paper a practical approach to estimate the three‐dimensional (3‐D) effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor using spatial moments of 3‐D snapshots of a moisture plume under transient flow conditions. An application of the new approach to data collected at the Hanford Site in southeastern Washington State yields an effective unsaturated hydraulic conductivity tensor that exhibits moisture‐dependent anisotropy. The effective hydraulic conductivities compare well with laboratory‐measured unsaturated hydraulic conductivity data from small core samples; they also reproduce the general behavior of the observed moisture plume at the site. We also define a moisture diffusivity length concept which we use in conjunction with estimated correlation scales of the geologic media at the field site to explain deviations between the observed and simulated plumes based on the derived effective hydraulic properties.
2.5 and 10 Gb/s transmission experiments using a 137 photon/bit erbium-fiber preamplifier receiver (1992)

An optical-preamplifier receiver with sensitivity of 137 photons/bit at 2.5 Gb/s and 1.530- mu m wavelength is presented. The sensitivity is 193 photons/bit at 10 Gb/s. The authors discuss the degradations from the quantum-limited value of 38 photons/bit. By employing an optical power amplifier at the transmitter, the authors demonstrate 2.5 Gb/s-250 km and 10 Gb/s-220 km transmission through dispersion-shifted fiber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of a liquid-crystal adaptive alignment tweeker for high-speed infrared band fiber-fed free-space systems (1998)

Today, thanks to the fiber telecommunications industry, high-performance digital fiber optic components such as infrared (at both 1310 and 1550 nm) high-speed (e.g., several gigabits per second) fiber optic transmitter and receiver modules are commercially available.
Evaluation of Islet Cell Antigen (ICA) 512/IA-2 Autoantibody Radioassays Using Overlapping ICA512/IA-2 Constructs<sup>1</sup> (1997)

Islet cell antigen (ICA) 512 also termed IA-2 is a novel autoantigen of type 1 diabetes, which has a tyrosine phosphatase-like domain. We have assessed autoantibody RIAs using a series of ICA512/IA-2 constructs to produce in vitro synthesized 35S-methionine-labeled proteins. Levels of ICA512/IA-2 (256-979, truncated aminoterminus) autoantibodies were strongly correlated with those of the full-length ICA512/IA-2 (1-979) autoantibodies (r = 0.96, P < 0.0001) and ICA512/IA-2 (687-979) autoantibodies (r = 0.98, P < 0.0001). RIAs using these 3 constructs had increased sensitivity relative to our initially reported ICA512 autoantibody RIA (amino acids 389-948, truncated carboxy- and aminoterminus). Only 2 of 38 sera examined in this study reacted with an aminoterminus ICA512/IA-2 (1-577) construct. The mean SD score (SD score = (index of unknown sample-mean index of controls)/SD of controls) using the ICA512/IA-2 (256-979) construct was significantly higher than the SD score obtained with other ICA512/IA-2 constructs (P < 0.001). Amongst patients with new-onset diabetes and prediabetic relatives, using RIAs for autoantibodies reacting with ICA512/IA-2 (256-979), insulin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65, 98% expressed one or more of these autoantibodies and 78% expressed two or more, whereas no control (n = 208) expressed more than a single autoantibody. A combined ICA512/IA-2 (256-979), glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 autoantibody RIA with differential autoantigen labeling (35S-methionine, 3H-leucine) has been developed that uses 96-well plate membrane filtration and Top Counter beta counting. Concordance between results of dual and single RIAs was greater than 90%. This simple combined autoantibody assay should facilitate large-scale autoantibody screening.
Cogongrass (<I>Imperata cylindrica</I>) Control with Imazapyr and Glyphosate Combined with and without Four Adjuvants (2012)

A herbicide/adjuvant study was installed in the panhandle of Florida to compare the effects of glyphosate and imazapyr, mixed with and without four adjuvants, for cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica [L.] P. Beauv.) control. Adjuvants included an organosilicone surfactant, methylated seed oil, seaweed extract/foliar fertilizer, and a sticker/protectant adjuvant. Cogongrass cover, foliar biomass, and rhizome biomass were selectively sampled at 12, 20, and 24 months after treatment (MAT). One year after application, all glyphosate treatments applied at 4.5 and 9.0 kg acid equivalent (ae)/ha were completely reinfested with cogongrass. At 12 MAT, cogongrass cover was 60 and 4% when 1.1 kg ae/ha of imazapyr was applied alone or mixed with seed oil. Also, cogongrass cover was 10, 25, 6, and 10% for imazapyr mixed with a surfactant, a seaweed extract, a seed oil surfactant, or with seed oil seaweed extract, respectively, at 12 MAT. At 20 MAT, cogongrass foliar biomass dry weight was 114, 76, 73, 81, 59, and 68 g/m 2 when imazapyr (1.1 kg ae/ha) was applied alone or mixed with seed oil, a surfactant, a seaweed extract, a seed oil surfactant, or with a seed oil seaweed extract, respectively. The lack of improved herbicide efficacy when adjuvants were mixed together indicates that they should be selected on a cost basis, and not combined when mixed with imazapyr. When imazapyr was mixed with the seaweed extract/foliar fertilizer, cogongrass photosynthesis did not decrease but remained comparable with the control plants at 72 hours postapplication.