gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Client Preferences for Therapist Gender (1996)

Abstract A key gender-related issue in the practice of psychotherapy involves client preferences for female versus male therapists. Previous research on this issue has typically used non-client college student participants who reported on the preferences they believed they would hold if they sought therapy. In the present study, 41 male and 75 female therapy clients completed a questionnaire assessing their preferences for therapist gender and their reasons for those preferences. Most female clients preferred a female therapist. Most male clients expressed no preference for therapist gender. Among the males who did voice preferences, most preferred a female therapist. Results of exploratory analyses of underlying reasons for client preferences are also presented. The implications of these findings for establishing a positive therapeutic alliance are discussed.
Siamese Networks With Location Prior for Landmark Tracking in Liver Ultrasound Sequences (2019)

Image-guided radiation therapy can benefit from accurate motion tracking by ultrasound imaging, in order to minimize treatment margins and radiate moving anatomical targets, e.g., due to breathing. One way to formulate this tracking problem is the automatic localization of given tracked anatomical landmarks throughout a temporal ultrasound sequence. For this, we herein propose a fully-convolutional Siamese network that learns the similarity between pairs of image regions containing the same landmark. Accordingly, it learns to localize and thus track arbitrary image features, not only predefined anatomical structures. We employ a temporal consistency model as a location prior, which we combine with the network-predicted location probability map to track a target iteratively in ultrasound sequences. We applied this method on the dataset of the Challenge on Liver Ultrasound Tracking (CLUST) with competitive results, where our work is the first to effectively apply CNNs on this tracking problem, thanks to our temporal regularization.
Mixing and Chemical Reactions (2003)

Mixing processes affect chemical reaction rates, yield and selectivity. These effects are discussed in depth with examples. Homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions are discussed for various reactor types - pipe, static mixer, and stirred vessel. The chapter is divided into four parts: 1. a presentation of the experimental and theoretical basis for the interaction of mixing processes with reaction; 2. application of these ideas to reactor scale up for homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions; 3. approaches to scaling up such reactors which have proven successful in industrial research and development groups and 4. simulation of mixed reactors with discussion of how such simulations match corresponding experimental measurements. The chapter gives practical advice on how to solve yield problems caused by inadequate mixing and make decisions regarding scale-up. Simulation may be used as a tool for scale-up and design of mixed reactors, primarily as a way to augment or direct experiments. Extensive examples are presented in the chapter.
The influence of physical activity on mental well-being (1999)

Sufficient evidence now exists for the effectiveness of exercise in the treatment of clinical depression. Additionally, exercise has a moderate reducing effect on state and trait anxiety and can improve physical self-perceptions and in some cases global self-esteem. Also there is now good evidence that aerobic and resistance exercise enhances mood states, and weaker evidence that exercise can improve cognitive function (primarily assessed by reaction time) in older adults. Conversely, there is little evidence to suggest that exercise addiction is identifiable in no more than a very small percentage of exercisers. Together, this body of research suggests that moderate regular exercise should be considered as a viable means of treating depression and anxiety and improving mental well-being in the general public.
Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C: Detection and Significance (2000)

Estimates of the extent of hepatic fibrosis and the rate of fibrosis progression represent important surrogate end points for evaluation of the vulnerability of an individual patient and for assessment of the impact of treatment on natural history in chronic hepatitis C. Using the median fibrosis progression rate, the median expected time to cirrhosis in untreated patients is around 30 years. However, one third of patients have an expected median time to cirrhosis of less than 20 years and one third will only progress to cirrhosis in more than 50 years, if ever. Factors independently associated with fibrosis progression are duration of infection, age, male gender, consumption of alcohol, human immunodeficiency virus co-infection, and low CD4 count. Evaluation of fibrosis progression is useful to decide treatment. Among patients with sustained viral response, fibrosis regresses. Evaluation of fibrosis progression has permitted validation of the concept of suppressive therapy. Among patients without viral clearance, interferon alone or in combination with ribavirin significantly reduces fibrosis progression rate in comparison with progression before treatment and to control groups. There is a major need for noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis. None are clearly useful today for the diagnosis of early stages of fibrosis.
A new RHQT Nb<sub>3</sub>Al superconducting wire with a Ta/Cu/Ta three-layer filament-barrier structure (2012)

To suppress the low-magnetic-field instability (flux jumps in low magnetic fields) of a rapid-heating, quenching and transformation (RHQT) processed Nb3Al superconductor, we had previously modified the cross-sectional design of an RHQT Nb3Al by adopting a Ta filament-barrier structure. Unlike Nb barriers, Ta barriers are not superconducting in magnetic fields at 4.2 K so that they electromagnetically decouple filaments. However, small flux jumps still occurred at 1.8 K, which is a typical operating temperature for the magnets used in high-energy particle accelerators. Furthermore, poor bonding at the Ta/Ta interface between neighboring Ta-coated jelly-roll (JR) filaments frequently caused precursor wires to break during drawing. To overcome these problems, we fabricated a new RHQT Nb3Al wire with a Ta/Cu/Ta three-layer filament-barrier structure for which an internal stabilization technique (Cu rods encased in Ta are dispersed in the wire cross section) was extended. Removing the Ta/Ta interface in the interfilamentary barrier (JR filament/Ta/Cu/Ta/JR filament) allowed precursor wires to be drawn without breaking. Furthermore, the Cu filament barrier electromagnetically decoupled filaments to suppress flux jumps at 1.8 K. The ductile Cu layer also improved the bending strain tolerance of RHQT Nb3Al.
Esterification of all-trans-retinol in normal human epithelial cell strains and carcinoma lines from oral cavity, skin and breast: reduced expression of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase in carcinoma lines (2000)

When exogenous [(3)H]retinol (vitamin A) was added to culture medium, normal human epithelial cells from the oral cavity, skin, lung and breast took up and esterified essentially all of the [(3)H]retinol within a few hours. As shown by [(3)H]retinol pulse-chase experiments, normal epithelial cells then slowly hydrolyzed the [(3)H]retinyl esters to [(3)H]retinol, some of which was then oxidized to [(3)H]retinoic acid (RA) over a period of several days. In contrast, cultured normal human fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) did not esterify significant amounts of [(3)H]retinol; this lack of [(3)H]retinol esterification was correlated with a lack of expression of lecithin:retinol acyltransferase (LRAT) transcripts in normal fibroblast and HUVEC strains. These results indicate that normal, differentiated cell types differ in their ability to esterify retinol. Human carcinoma cells (neoplastically transformed epithelial cells) of the oral cavity, skin and breast did not esterify much [(3)H]retinol and showed greatly reduced LRAT expression. Transcripts of the neutral, bile salt-independent retinyl ester hydrolase and the bile salt-dependent retinyl ester hydrolase were undetectable in all of the normal cell types, including the epithelial cells. These experiments suggest that retinoid-deficiency in the tumor cells could develop because of the lack of retinyl esters, a storage form of retinol.
Tin-mediated Organic Reactions: A Practical Method for the Synthesis of β-Hydroxynitriles and β-Hydroxyketones (1999)

In the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, the tin mediated addition of bromoacetonitrile or α-bromacetophenone to aldehydes in THF gives β-hydroxynitriles or β-hydroxyketones in moderate to good yields.
Optics : principles and applications (2006)

CH 1: Light Waves / CH 2: Coherence of Light Waves / CH 3: Polarization of Light Waves / CH 4: Geometrical Optics / CH 5: Lens Aberrations / CH 6: Interference of Light Waves / CH 7: Diffractions of Light / CH 8: Fresnel Diffraction / CH 9: The Fourier Transform / CH 10 Fraunhofer Diffraction / CH 11: Image Formation and Optical Processing / CH 12: Transfer Functions / CH 13: Holography / CH 14: Nonlinear Optics
Dissection of a Natural RNA Silencing Process in the <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> Germ Line (2004)

To date, few natural cases of RNA-silencing-mediated regulation have been described. Here, we analyzed repression of testis-expressed Stellate genes by the homologous Suppressors of Stellate [Su(Ste)] repeats that produce sense and antisense short RNAs. The Stellate promoter is dispensable for suppression, but local disturbance of complementarity between the Stellate transcript and the Su(Ste) repeats impairs silencing. Using in situ RNA hybridization, we found temporal control of the expression and spatial distribution of sense and antisense Stellate and Su(Ste) transcripts in germinal cells. Antisense Su(Ste) transcripts accumulate in the nuclei of early spermatocytes before the appearance of sense transcripts. The sense and antisense transcripts are colocalized in the nuclei of mature spermatocytes, placing the initial step of silencing in the nucleus and suggesting formation of double-stranded RNA. Mutations in the aubergine and spindle-E genes, members of the Argonaute and RNA helicase gene families, respectively, impair silencing by eliminating the short Su(Ste) RNA, but have no effect on microRNA production. Thus, different small RNA-containing complexes operate in the male germ line.
Inverse photoemission study of the defective TiO2(110) surface (1992)

We present inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPE) data from the nearly perfect and defective TiO2(110) surfaces. In the spectra from the nearly perfect surface, features appearing ∼1 and ∼4 eV above the Fermi level are identified as the primarily Ti-derived 2t2g levels and 3eg levels. This result is consistent with earlier electronic structure calculations and x-ray absorption studies by other groups. Spectra from the defective TiO2(110) surface exhibit a new feature ∼3 eV above the Fermi level. This is in agreement with calculations based on defective TiO2(110) surface but has never been observed experimentally before. In contrast to ultraviolet photoemission, IPE spectra from the nearly perfect and ion bombarded TiO2(110) surfaces differ considerably at very low ion doses. IPE spectra from Ti-deposited TiO2(110) surfaces are extremely similar to those from the ion bombarded surface indicating that the spectral changes typical of the defective surface are characteristic of a reduced TiOx phase.
Antenna characterization using the Sources Reconstruction Method (2010)

The following contribution describes the Sources Reconstruction Method (SRM) for antenna diagnostics and near-field to far-field transformation method. The SRM is based on the Equivalence Principle, that allows to replace the Antenna Under Test (AUT) by an equivalent model that radiates the same electromagnetic fields. An interesting SRM capability is related to phaseless field measurements in two or more acquisition surfaces. The proposed SRM methodology is able to retrieve an equivalent AUT model, from which the phase of the field at any point of the space can be determined. The SRM theoretical foundations are supported with two application examples.
Screening for novel risk factors related to peripherally inserted central catheter‐associated complications (2014)

Screening of patients undergoing PICC placement with attention to malnutrition, BMI >30, and length of stay may reduce the risk of PICC-associated complications. Use of anticoagulation/antiplatelet agents and avoiding after-hours placement may reduce complications and enhance patient safety.
Advances in model-based fault diagnosis with evolutionary algorithms and neural networks (2006)

Challenging design problems arise regularly in modern fault diagnosis systems. Unfortunately, the classical analytical techniques often cannot provide acceptable solutions to such difficult tasks. This explains why soft computing techniques such as evolutionary algorithms and neural networks become more and more popular in industrial applications of fault diagnosis. The main objective of this paper is to present recent developments regarding the application of evolutionary algorithms and neural networks to fault diagnosis. In particular, a brief introduction to these computational intelligence paradigms is presented, and then a review of their fault detection and isolation applications is performed. Close attention is paid to techniques that integrate the classical and soft computing methods. A selected group of them is carefully described in the paper. The performance of the presented approaches is illustrated with the use of the DAMADICS fault detection benchmark that deals with a valve actuator.
Advanced Nitrate-Based Technology for Sulfide Control and Improved Oil Recovery (2007)

Abstract Industry now recognizes that nitrate based technology is preferred to biocide treatments for the control, prevention, and removal of biogenic produced sulfide in sea and produced water injection systems. Advanced formulations with varying ratios of nitrate/nitrite have proven superior to nitrate-only treatments by providing increased effectiveness at lower treating levels with reduced costs. Concurrent with sulfide control these advanced nitrate/nitrite combination formulations have demonstrated significant increased oil recovery in field operations. Data show the dual benefits of the advanced nitrate/nitrite technology to offer industry the opportunity to reduce operating costs while additionally producing more oil.
Effect of extracts of Chinese medicinal herbs on spore germination of<i>Alternaria brassicicola</i>, and nature of an inhibitory substance from gallnuts of Chinese sumac (<i>Rhus chinensis</i>) (2006)

Seventy Chinese medicinal herbs were screened for antifungal activity, and more than 15% of these contained substances inhibitory to conidial germination of Alternaria brassicicola in their aqueous extracts. The most inhibitory extract was from gallnut of Chinese sumac (Rhus chinensis). In addition to inhibiting A. brassicicola, the gallnut extract was also strongly inhibitory to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Corynespora cassiicola, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tracheiphilum, Phytophthora capsici, and Phytophthora infestans but not to Pestalotiopsis luginae. The inhibitory substance in the gallnut extract was fungistatic to A. brassicicola during short-term exposure but became fungicidal when the exposure time was extended. It was stable at low pH but unstable at high pH. The inhibitor in the gallnut was readily extracted with polar solvents but not with nonpolar solvents. The inhibitory substance in the aqueous extract was dialyzable in membrane tubing with a molecular-weight cut-off of 14 000, 3500, or 1000 but not 500, indicating that the inhibitor has a molecular weight between 500 and 1000.
Molecular analysis of 24 Alagille syndrome families identifies a single submicroscopic deletion and further localizes the Alagille region within 20p12. (1995)

Alagille syndrome (AGS) is a clinically defined disorder characterized by cholestatic liver disease with bile duct paucity, peculiar facies, structural heart defects, vertebral anomalies, and ocular abnormalities. Multiple patients with various cytogenetic abnormalities involving 20p12 have been identified, allowing the assignment of AGS to this region. The presence of interstitial deletions of varying size led to the hypothesis that AGS is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome. This molecular analysis of cytogenetically normal AGS patients was performed in order to test this hypothesis and to refine the localization of the known AGS region. Investigation of inheritance of simple tandem repeat polymorphism alleles in 67 members of 24 cytogenetically normal Alagille families led to the identification of a single submicroscopic deletion. The deletion included loci D20S61, D20S41, D20S186, and D20S188 and presumably intervening uninformative loci D20S189 and D20S27. The six deleted loci are contained in a single YAC of 1.9 Mb. The additional finding of multiple unrelated probands who are heterozygous at each locus demonstrates that microdeletions at known loci within the AGS region are rare in cytogenetically normal patients with this disorder. This suggests that the majority of cases of AGS may be the result of a single gene defect rather than a contiguous gene deletion syndrome.
A tuned Langmuir probe for measurements in rf glow discharges (1990)

Measurements of charged-particle concentrations and the electron energy distribution function (EEDF) have been made in Ar and SF6 glow discharges using a tuned Langmuir probe technique. A simple passive circuit connected to the probe when properly tuned increases the impedance between the probe and ground, thereby forcing the probe to follow the instantaneous plasma potential. In this manner, rf-induced distortion of the probe characteristic is mitigated. At 13.56 MHz the electron collection characteristic of a detuned probe is distorted by rf interference; the ion collection characteristic is unaffected. The EEDF is highly non-Maxwellian in argon discharges, but quite Maxwellian in SF6 discharges. The mean electron energy increases with decreasing pressure and increasing power in argon discharges, but is independent of pressure and power in SF6 discharges. The measured distribution functions and charged particle concentrations are in good agreement with calculations.
Isolation and Characterization of Mutants of the <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> Oligopeptide Permease with Altered Specificity of Oligopeptide Transport (2003)

Bacterial oligopeptide permeases are members of the large family of ATP binding cassette transporters and typically import peptides of 3 to 5 amino acids, apparently independently of sequence. Oligopeptide permeases are needed for bacteria to utilize peptides as nutrient sources and are sometimes involved in signal transduction pathways. The Bacillus subtilis oligopeptide permease stimulates competence development and the initiation of sporulation, at least in part, by importing specific signaling peptides. We isolated rare, partly functional mutations in B. subtilis opp. The mutants were resistant to a toxic tripeptide but still retained the ability to sporulate and/or become competent. The mutations, mostly in the oligopeptide binding protein located on the cell surface, affected residues whose alteration appears to change the specificity of oligopeptide transport.
Dynamic bandwidth allocation for multiple network connections (2014)

Users expect a high level of application quality without annoying interruptions or delays when using applications in a communication network. This is particularly important in mobile environments where varying channel conditions, user mobility, and interference lead to a variation of the available network resources which ultimately affects application quality. A flexible selection of one or more access technologies, however, allows to overcome resource limitations of one specific access technology. An over-the-top (OTT) virtual access network (VAN) approach allows the aggregation of multiple wireless networks into a single IP pipe to provide users more bandwidth. To minimize energy consumption and radio resource utilization, an application-tailored usage of the access technologies as well as appropriate resource scheduling mechanisms in case of concurrent usage are required. In this paper, we perform a scenario-based investigation of the performance of an OTT VAN architecture. As scenario we choose a user watching a YouTube video clip, while a Wi-Fi and a cellular network are available. We evaluate the user perceived quality, cellular usage, and device power consumption based on testbed measurements.
Electrospun Fibers from Wheat Protein:  Investigation of the Interplay between Molecular Structure and the Fluid Dynamics of the Electrospinning Process (2005)

In the present work, we demonstrate the ability to electrospin wheat gluten, a polydisperse plant protein polymer that is currently available at roughly 0.50 dollars/lb. A variety of electrospinning experiments were carried out with wheat gluten from two sources, at different solution concentrations, and with native and denatured wheat gluten to illustrate the interplay between protein structure and the fluid dynamics of the electrospinning process. The presence of both cylindrical and flat fibers was observed in the nonwoven mats, which were characterized using both polarized optical microscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Retardance images obtained by polarized optical microscopy exhibited evidence of molecular orientation at the surface of the fibers. We believe that fiber formation by electrospinning is a result of both chain entanglements and the presence of reversible junctions in the protein, in particular, the breaking and re-forming of disulfide bonds that occur via a thiol/disulfide interchange reaction. The presence of the highest molecular weight glutenin polymer chains in the wheat protein appeared to be responsible for the lower threshold concentration for fiber formation, relative to that of a lower molecular weight fraction of wheat protein devoid of the high molecular weight glutenin component. Denaturation of the wheat protein, however, clearly disrupted this delicate balance of properties in the experimental regimes we investigated, as electrospun fibers from the denatured state were not observed.
Genomic differences between cultivated soybean, G. max and its wild relative G. soja (2013)

The comparisons between genome sequences of G. max and G. soja show significant differences between the genomic compositions of the two. The differences also highlight the phenotypic differences between the two in terms of seed development, oil and protein traits. These significant results have been integrated into the SoyKB resource and are publicly available for users to browse at http://soykb.org/GSoja.
Multiple alignment by aligning alignments (2007)

Opal, a multiple alignment tool that implements the best methods in our study, is freely available at http://opal.cs.arizona.edu.
AS03 Adjuvanted AH1N1 Vaccine Associated with an Abrupt Increase in the Incidence of Childhood Narcolepsy in Finland (2012)

Pandemrix vaccine contributed to the onset of narcolepsy among those 4 to 19 years old during the pandemic influenza in 2009-2010 in Finland. Further studies are needed to determine whether this observation exists in other populations and to elucidate potential underlying immunological mechanism. The role of the adjuvant in particular warrants further research before drawing conclusions about the use of adjuvanted pandemic vaccines in the future.