gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sleep-wake stages classification based on heart rate variability (2012)

This paper presents a method aimed at classification of the sleep-wake stages using only the electrocardiogram (ECG) records. The feature extraction stage described in this paper was performed using method of Heart Rate Variability analysis (HRV). These features used in this study are based on QRS detection times. Therefore, this detection was generated automatically for all recordings using a new algorithm based on the detection of singularities through the local maxima in order to construct the RR series. We illustrate the performance of this method on an MIT/BIH Polysomnographic Database using Extreme learning machine (ELM).
Chaperone-Like Effect of Polyzwitterions on the Interaction of C1q with IgG (2009)

The amphiphilic polyzwitterion (PZ) poly(ethylene oxide-b-N,N-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propanesulfonate), zwitterionic surfactant (ZS) n-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonium-1-propanesulfonate, and zwitterionic monomer (ZM) N,N-dimethyl(methacryloyloxyethyl)ammonium propanesulfonate were analyzed for their suggested chaperone-like effect on the interaction of C1q and IgG. Our results proved that the PZ retarded the C1q interaction with IgG, demonstrating a specific protein-folding helper effect. The ZS enhanced this interaction, when the ZS concentration was lower than the critical micelle concentration (CMC), and retarded it, when the ZS concentration was above the CMC. The ZM, with no self-assembling ability, did not influence this interaction. These results support the hypothesis of a hydrophobic interaction between Pts and hydrophobic domains of partly denatured protein molecules. The amphiphilic self-assemblies, formed by polyzwitterionic macromolecules or zwitterionic surfactants, have the ability to transform the hydrophobic domains of the protein molecules into hydrophilic ones, covering them with their hydrophilic parts.
Evidence for both a regulatory mutation and a structural mutation in a family with maple syrup urine disease. (1989)

Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) results from a deficiency of branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH). We have studied the etiology of MSUD by determining the enzyme activity, protein, and mRNA levels of BCKDH in fibroblasts from a classic MSUD patient and his parents. By enzymatic amplification of the patient's mRNA followed by cloning and DNA sequencing, we have identified a T to A transversion that alters a tyrosine to an asparagine at residue 394 of the E1 alpha subunit. Amplification of both mRNA and genomic DNA, in combination with allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization, demonstrated that the father was heterozygous for this mutant allele. The mother was homozygous for the allele encoding the normal Tyr394, but expressed only about half of the normal level of mRNA and protein. The patient was genetically heterozygous for this altered allele, although only the abnormal allele was expressed as mRNA. We conclude that the patient was a compound heterozygote, inheriting an allele encoding an abnormal E1 alpha from the father, and an allele from the mother containing a cis-acting defect in regulation which abolished the expression of one of the E1 alpha alleles. Our results revealed for the first time that a case of MSUD was caused by structural and regulatory mutations involving the E1 alpha subunit.
Identification and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Chlorogenic Acid Derivatives from Bamboo (<i>Phyllostachys edulis</i>) (2001)

One known and two novel antioxidant compounds have been isolated from bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). The butanol-soluble extract of the bamboo leaves was found to have a significant antioxidant activity, as measured by scavenging the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and the superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-)) in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase assay system. Antioxidant activity-directed fractionation of the extract led to the isolation and characterization of three structural isomeric chlorogenic acid derivatives: 3-O-(3'-methylcaffeoyl)quinic acid (1), 5-O-caffeoyl-4-methylquinic acid (2), and 3-O-caffeoyl-1-methylquinic acid (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were isolated and characterized for the first time from the natural products. In the DPPH scavenging assay as well as in the iron-induced rat microsomal lipid peroxidation system, compounds 2 (IC(50) = 8.8 and 19.2 microM) and 3 (IC(50) = 6.9 and 14.6 microM) showed approximately 2-4 times higher antioxidant activity than did chlorogenic acid (IC(50) = 12.3 and 28.3 microM) and other related hydroxycinnamates such as caffeic acid (IC(50) =13.7 and 25.5 microM) and ferulic acid (IC(50) = 36.5 and 56.9 microM). Among the three compounds, compound 1 yielded the weakest antioxidant activity, and the DPPH scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 16.0 and 29.8 microM) was lower than those of chlorogenic and caffeic acids. All three compounds exhibited both superoxide scavenging activities and inhibitory effects on xanthine oxidase. Their superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) scavenging activities (IC(50) = 1, 4.3 microM; 2, 2.8 microM; and 3, 1.2 microM) were markedly stronger than those of ascorbic acid (IC(50) = 56.0 microM), alpha-tocopherol (IC(50) > 100 microM), and other test compounds, although their inhibition effects on xanthine oxidase may contribute to the potent scavenging activity. alpha-Tocopherol exerted a significant inhibitory effect (65.5% of the control) on superoxide generation in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, and compound 3 showed moderate activity (36.0%). On the other hand, other compounds including 1, 2, chlorogenic acid, and other antioxidants were weakly active (24.8-10.1%) in the suppression of superoxide generation.
Implementing a New Single Trip Multi Zone Frac Packing System with Integral Zone Isolation and Selective Production Capabilities (2008)

The Frac Pack completion of multiple zones in a single wellbore can be a complex and expensive operation. Effectively<br>performing Frac Pack treatments while still providing 100% zone selectivity can be critical to the mechanical and commercial<br>success of the well. Conventional techniques involve completing each zone separately requiring a minimum of 2 trips per zone<br>to perforate and install the Frac pack equipment.. Depending on the number of zones and well depth, the multiple trips<br>required to run the completion equipment in and out of the well can account for 25 to over 60% of the time required to<br>complete the well.
Echo-Detected Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectra of Spin-Labeled Lipids in Membrane Model Systems (2004)

The dynamics of spin-labeled lipid chains in the low-temperature phases of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) membranes, with and without equimolar cholesterol, have been investigated by pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Echo-detected spectra from the two-pulse, primary spin−echo (pulse sequence: π/2−τ−π−τ−echo) are used to detect rapid angular motions, on the time scale of the phase memory time (T2M) that is in the nanosecond regime. Echo-detected spectra from the three-pulse, stimulated spin−echo (pulse sequence: π/2−τ−π/2−T−π/2−τ−echo) are used to detect slow angular motions, on the time scale of the spin−lattice relaxation time (T1) that is in the microsecond regime. Spectra recorded at very low temperature (77 K) are used to correct the two-pulse echo spectra for instantaneous diffusion that arises from dipolar spin−spin interactions between different spin labels. Echo-detected inversion recovery spectra are used to correct the three-pulse echo spectra for intrinsic spin−lattice relaxation and large-scale spectral diffusion induced by nitrogen nuclear spin flips. The dependence of the echo-detected spectral line shapes on the two time delays, τ and T, can be simulated adequately by using a simple two-state model to represent the small-amplitude librational motions in the low-temperature membrane phases. The fast librational motion has isotropic character, no singly defined direction of the librational axis, and is segmental in nature, depending on chain position and also on the presence of cholesterol. The slow librational motion is of a more global, cooperative nature, being independent of chain position and cholesterol content.
A novel base feed design for high power, high frequency heterojunction bipolar transistors (2002)

HBTs for power amplifiers are typically designed to provide high power per unit cell to minimize chip area and losses in the on-chip combiner circuitry. A high power unit cell is obtained by combining the power of several emitter fingers ("subcells"). A problem arises when the magnitude and phase of signals driving each sub-cell differ significantly from one to the other. The imbalance results in reduced total power and efficiency and the problem gets worse with increasing frequency. Our experience is that at X-band the performance of the unit cell is compromised when more than four to six subcells (40 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ each) are combined in one device using the conventional "fishbone" method. This paper describes a new method of feeding signal to the sub-cells for overcoming this problem. An example is provided where the powers of the sixteen 40 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ subcells are combined such that the output scales as expected and there is minimal loss in the efficiency. The unit cell produced 29.6 dBm power with a 10 dB gain and PAE of 58% at 10.5 GHz. A two-stage X-Band power MMIC using this cell yielded 5 W with a gain of 13 dB and 43% PAE.
Identification of Noncytotoxic and IL-10–Producing CD8+AT2R+ T Cell Population in Response to Ischemic Heart Injury (2010)

Emerging evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of the angiotensin AT2R, albeit the underlying cellular mechanisms are not well understood. We aimed in this article to elucidate a potential role of cardiac angiotensin AT2R in regulating cellular immune response to ischemic heart injury. Seven days after myocardial infarction in rats, double-immunofluorescence staining showed that AT2R was detected in a fraction of CD8(+) T cells infiltrating in the peri-infarct myocardium. We developed a method that allowed the isolation of myocardial infiltrating CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cells using modified MACS, and further characterization and purification with flow cytometry. Although the CD8(+)AT2R(-) T cells exhibited potent cytotoxicity to both adult and fetal cardiomyocytes (CMs), the CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cells were noncytotoxic to these CMs. The CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cells were characterized by upregulated IL-10 and downregulated IL-2 and INF-γ expression when compared with CD8(+)AT2R(-) T cells. We further showed that IL-10 gene expression was enhanced in CD8(+) T cells on in vitro AT2R stimulation. Importantly, in vivo AT2R activation engendered an increment of CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cells and IL-10 production in the ischemic myocardium. In addition, intramyocardial transplantation of CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cells (versus CD8(+)AT2R(-)) led to reduced ischemic heart injury. Moreover, the CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cell population was also demonstrated in human peripheral blood. Thus, we have defined the cardioprotective CD8(+)AT2R(+) T cell population, which increases during ischemic heart injury and contributes to maintaining CM viability and providing IL-10, hence revealing an AT2R-mediated cellular mechanism in modulating adaptive immune response in the heart.
NADP <sup>+</sup> Reduction with Reduced Ferredoxin and NADP <sup>+</sup> Reduction with NADH Are Coupled via an Electron-Bifurcating Enzyme Complex in <i>Clostridium kluyveri</i> (2010)

It was recently found that the cytoplasmic butyryl-coenzyme A (butyryl-CoA) dehydrogenase-EtfAB complex from Clostridium kluyveri couples the exergonic reduction of crotonyl-CoA to butyryl-CoA with NADH and the endergonic reduction of ferredoxin with NADH via flavin-based electron bifurcation. We report here on a second cytoplasmic enzyme complex in C. kluyveri capable of energetic coupling via this novel mechanism. It was found that the purified iron-sulfur flavoprotein complex NfnAB couples the exergonic reduction of NADP+ with reduced ferredoxin (Fdred) and the endergonic reduction of NADP+ with NADH in a reversible reaction: Fdred2-+NADH+2 NADP++H+=Fdox+NAD++2 NADPH. The role of this energy-converting enzyme complex in the ethanol-acetate fermentation of C. kluyveri is discussed.
Pre-distorted amplifiers for OFDM in wireless indoor multimedia communications (2002)

This paper investigates the influence of nonlinear amplification on the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. The behaviour of the travelling wave tube (TWT) and solid state power (SSP) amplifier is compared, with respect to the OFDM transmission scheme. The OFDM signal is also simulated with a linearized amplifier, using a predistortion technique with look-up tables.
Exact Theory of Retardation Plates* (1964)

The conventional solutions to the problem of normally incident light transmission through homogeneous, birefringent, nonoptically active, nonabsorbing, crystalline plate are not exact. When it is treated as a boundary value problem in electromagnetic field theory, exact expressions are obtained for the retardation or phase difference and the electric field amplitude ratio. The two solutions differ in some interesting ways that become of substantial importance in the examination of laser light. The nature of the exact solutions is examined in detail and numerical comparisons with the conventional solutions are given for the cases of calcite and quartz, neglecting the optical activity of crystalline quartz. For quartz it is shown that one can obtain a quarter-wave plate by using any one of a number of different crystal thicknesses. The application of wave plates in the investigation of elliptically polarized light is briefly discussed. For small angles of incidence, the effects to be expected for light which is obliquely incident on the plate surface are investigated.
Volatile and Odorous Components in Solid Swine Manure (1979)

Raw solid swine manure was extracted with dichloromethane. The extracted solution was mixed with distilled water after concentration and steam-distilled. The distillate was extracted with dichloromethane and fractionated into carboxylic acid, phenol, basic, and neutral fractions and all fractions had a characteristic and strong odor. Quantification and characterization of odorous components were performed by GC, GC–MS, NMR, and IR. Ten compounds were detected from the carboxylic acid fraction and three compounds from the phenol fraction. The two main components in the neutral fraction were mesityl oxide and diacetone alcohol.
The Retention Factor p11 Confers an Endoplasmic Reticulum‐Localization Signal to the Potassium Channel TASK‐1 (2005)

The interaction of the adaptor protein p11, also denoted S100A10, with the C-terminus of the two-pore-domain K+ channel TASK-1 was studied using yeast two-hybrid analysis, glutathione S-transferase pull-down, and co-immunoprecipitation. We found that p11 interacts with a 40 amino-acid region in the proximal C-terminus of the channel. In heterologous expression systems, deletion of the p11-interacting domain enhanced surface expression of TASK-1. Attachment of the p11-interacting domain to the cytosolic tail of the reporter protein CD8 caused retention/retrieval of the construct in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Attachment of the last 36 amino acids of p11 to CD8 also caused ER localization, which was abolished by removal or mutation of a putative retention motif (H/K)xKxxx, at the C-terminal end of p11. Imaging of EGFP-tagged TASK-1 channels in COS cells suggested that wild-type TASK-1 was largely retained in the ER. Knockdown of p11 with siRNA enhanced trafficking of TASK-1 to the surface membrane. Our results suggest that binding of p11 to TASK-1 retards the surface expression of the channel, most likely by virtue of a di-lysine retention signal at the C-terminus of p11. Thus, the cytosolic protein p11 may represent a 'retention factor' that causes localization of the channel to the ER.
Implications of cellobiohydrolase glycosylation for use in biomass conversion (2008)

The cellulase producing ascomycete, Trichoderma reesei (Hypocrea jecorina), is known to secrete a range of enzymes important for ethanol production from lignocellulosic biomass. It is also widely used for the commercial scale production of industrial enzymes because of its ability to produce high titers of heterologous proteins. During the secretion process, a number of post-translational events can occur, however, that impact protein function and stability. Another ascomycete, Aspergillus niger var. awamori, is also known to produce large quantities of heterologous proteins for industry. In this study, T. reesei Cel7A, a cellobiohydrolase, was expressed in A. niger var. awamori and subjected to detailed biophysical characterization. The purified recombinant enzyme contains six times the amount of N-linked glycan than the enzyme purified from a commercial T. reesei enzyme preparation. The activities of the two enzyme forms were compared using bacterial (microcrystalline) and phosphoric acid swollen (amorphous) cellulose as substrates. This comparison suggested that the increased level of N-glycosylation of the recombinant Cel7A (rCel7A) resulted in reduced activity and increased non-productive binding on cellulose. When treated with the N-glycosidase PNGaseF, the molecular weight of the recombinant enzyme approached that of the commercial enzyme and the activity on cellulose was improved.
Work domain analysis for the evaluation of human interaction with anaesthesia alarm systems (2002)

We apply some aspects of cognitive work analysis to the anaesthesia domain-in particular, the design of equipment used in the operating theatre for monitoring oxygen saturation in arterial blood (pulse oximetry). Work domain analysis (WDA) provides us with initial models of the work domain of anaesthesia, of the subdomain of pulse oximetry, and of the human body, and activity analysis (AA) helps us understand human interaction with alarms systems. These conceptual tools give us a useful framework for speculating about the most effective design of monitoring equipment and alarm systems for anaesthesia.
The Function of Research and Development in the Wire Rope Industry (1977)

ABSTRACT The function of R & D. in British Ropes Limited is to provide a detailed technical back-up to Sales and Technical Service. In providing this back-up a wealth of information is collected which enables the Company to advise customers on a variety of problems. A general appreciation of the range of our work is given in this Paper together with two detailed examples of subjects of general interest to rope users. The examples cover the Influence of Rotation on the Strength of Multistrand Ropes and the Stretch Under Load of Cable Laid Slings. INTRODUCTION Gone are the heady days of a few years ago where, in some industries, research was done "because it would be interesting to know" or "just to find out the fundamental. reason why". To-day the approach in British Ropes Limited is very much "feet on the ground". The objectives are aimed at either :-solving a particular problem,creating a new commercial opportunity by improving an existing productevaluating a new product. We do not publish in detail the work we do or the results we obtain. We believe that it is in both our own and our customers' best interests to use information on a "need to know" basis. This Paper, therefore, sets out our general philosophy and illustrates this with detailed examples where appropriate. To meet these stated objectives two distinct types of work are carried out in the department; Project and Service work. Projects are clearly-thought-out research packages, sometimes running over a number of years, aimed at achieving set objectives by a predetermined series of development stages. Service work is undertaken in response to an existing problem which requires either an explanation, a solution, or both, in an impossibly short period of time. GENERAL PROJECTS Projects are aimed at four main areas : 1. Technical Improvements of the Product There is a continuing requirement to improve the product in many ways to meet the ever-growing demands of technology. For many different reasons users are always seeking enhanced rope properties. The most obvious improvement is to increase the breaking load of a given size of rope by either the better use of material or higher tensile material. There are many examples where improved fatigue resistance can greatly assist in reducing the costs of maintenance of particular installations. Considerable work has been directed to investigate the effect of construction, wire finish and lubrication on fatigue lives. Some of this work is carried out on small size fatigue machines within the laboratory although this is supplemented by the use of full sized rigs and feedback from site wherever possible. Because a wire rope is only as good as its termination a great deal of effort is being employed to develop high efficiency terminations capable of being used on ever larger diameter ropes. These terminations must be adequate for use in the most arduous conditions like the North Sea.
Formation and Properties of Calcia‐Calcium Fluoride‐Alumina Glasses (1990)

The glass formation region has been determined for the CaO‐CaF 2 ‐Al 2 O 3 ternary system. The glass transformation temperature of these glasses decreases as the CaF 2 concentration increases, whereas the thermal expansion coefficient and electrical conductivity increase. MAS‐NMR (magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance) indicates that the aluminum ions in these glasses are in tetrahedral coordination. The structures of these glasses are proposed to be analogous to those of similar silicate glasses, with aluminum ions replacing silicon ions and fluorine acting as a nonbridging anion.
Distributed interoperable workflow support for electronic commerce (1998)

This paper describes a flexible distributed transactional workflow environment based on an extensible object-oriented framework built around class libraries, application programming interfaces, and shared services. The purpose of this environment is to support a range of EC-like business activities including the support of financial transactions and electronic contracts. This environment has as its aim to provide key infrastructure services for mediating and monitoring electronic commerce.
Constitutional Umitations on the Admiralty Jurisdiction of the Federal Court (1979)

The constitutionality of the admiralty jurisdiction of the Federal Court of Canada has been in dispute in six recent Federal Court cases' on the basis of Supreme Court of Canada rulings that actual federal law, and not merely federal legislative authority, is necessary to constitutionally support the creation of a federal court under s. 101 of the British North America Act. 3 Although it does not yet appear to have been argued before the courts in a reported case, an even more serious potential challenge to this admiralty jurisdiction lies in another Supreme Court decision4 implying that federal power to regulate the property and civil rights of shipping does not extend to intraprovincial shipping. It seems appropriate, therefore, to review the constitutional status of the Federal Court's admiralty jurisdiction.