gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Build-up of an antimicrobial multilayer coating on a textile support based on a methylene blue–poly(cyclodextrin) complex (2013)

The aim of this work was to develop an antibacterial multilayer coating activated with methylene blue (MB) and based on chitosan (CHT) and cyclodextrin polyelectrolyte (polyCD) onto a non-woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) textile support. The MB-free and MB-loaded systems were built-up by applying the dip-coating technique, alternating soak cycles of the PET textile preliminarily modified with carboxylate groups in CHT and in polyCD or polyCD/MB complex solutions. The layer-by-layer assembly build-up was followed by optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy on the one hand and by gravimetry once it was applied on the textile substrate on the other hand. Two chitosan grades were used, low molecular weight (CHT-L) and medium molecular weight (CHT-M). The influence of the molar ratio CD/MB in the polyCD solutions was varied and finally the system underwent a post reticulation with genipin. Such parameters influences were investigated with regard to the loading capacity in MB of the systems, the release kinetics profiles of MB in pure water, phosphate buffer and MEM media, and the degradation of the self-assembled coating in the same media. Finally, biological and microbiological tests were performed to demonstrate the cytocompatibility of the systems and their ability to display a sustained antibacterial effect of the device through the MB prolonged release.
<i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> ClpB Affects Levels of Invasin and Motility (2000)

Expression of the Yersinia enterocolitica inv gene is dependent on growth phase and temperature. inv is maximally expressed at 23 degrees C in late-exponential- to early-stationary-phase cultures. We previously reported the isolation of a Y. enterocolitica mutant (JB1A8v) that shows a decrease in invasin levels yet is hypermotile when grown at 23 degrees C. JB1A8v has a transposon insertion within uvrC. Described here is the isolation and characterization of a clone that suppresses these mutant phenotypes of the uvrC mutant JB1A8v. This suppressing clone encodes ClpB (a Clp ATPase homologue). The Y. enterocolitica ClpB homologue is 30 to 40% identical to the ClpB proteins from various bacteria but is 80% identical to one of the two ClpB homologues of Yersinia pestis. A clpB::TnMax2 insertion mutant (JB69Qv) was constructed and determined to be deficient in invasin production and nonmotile when grown at 23 degrees C. Analysis of inv and fleB (flagellin gene) transcript levels in JB69Qv suggested that ClpB has both transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects. In contrast, a clpB null mutant, BY1v, had no effect on invasin levels or motility. A model accounting for these observations is presented.
Optimizing noise-immune nanoscale circuits using principles of Markov random fields (2006)

As CMOS devices and operating voltages are scaled down, noise and defective devices will impact the reliability of digital circuits. Probabilistic computing compatible with CMOS offers a possible solution. In this work, we present a new area and power efficient design methodology for the implementation of a probabilistic framework into CMOS technology based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). Using SPICE, we simulate elementary logic components and sample circuits from the MCNC'91 benchmark set and show the area and power benefits compared to older MRF mapping strategies. We also extend our area and power efficient approach to improving the design of a Hamming decoder based on MRF principles.
Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> Using Acetylacetone as a Chemoselective Inhibitor in an ABC-Type Cycle (2017)

Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) is rapidly gaining interest because of its potential application in self-aligned fabrication schemes for next-generation nanoelectronics. Here, we introduce an approach for area-selective ALD that relies on the use of chemoselective inhibitor molecules in a three-step (ABC-type) ALD cycle. A process for area-selective ALD of SiO<sub>2</sub> was developed comprising acetylacetone inhibitor (step A), bis(diethylamino)silane precursor (step B), and O<sub>2</sub> plasma reactant (step C) pulses. Our results show that this process allows for selective deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> on GeO<sub>2</sub>, SiN<sub>x</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, and WO<sub>3</sub>, in the presence of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and HfO<sub>2</sub> surfaces. In situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy experiments and density functional theory calculations underline that the selectivity of the approach stems from the chemoselective adsorption of the inhibitor. The selectivity between different oxide starting surfaces and the compatibility with plasma-assisted or ozone-based ALD are distinct features of this approach. Furthermore, the approach offers the opportunity of tuning the substrate-selectivity by proper selection of inhibitor molecules.
Edge Breakdown Suppression of 10 Gbps Avalanche Photodiode (2004)

We have demonstrated a high-speed avalanche photodiode (APD) for a 10 Gbps optical communication\nsystem. To achieve a high gain-bandwidth product and reliable operation, the reduction of\nthe multiplication layer thickness and an optimum design of the internal electric eld distribution\nare essential. One- and two-dimensional analysis were done for this purpose. The suppression of\nedge breakdown can be achieved by precise control of the thickness of the multiplication layer and\ncharge densities of the eld control layer. Furthermore we suggest a junction curvature shape having\nnegative curvature of the equi-potential line at the device edge. This new design successfully\nsuppressed edge breakdown. The fabricated APD shows high current gain without premature edge\nbreakdown, and a gain-bandwidth of above 80 GHz has been obtained.
High‐Performance Ferroelectric Solid Solution Crystals: <scp> <scp>Pb</scp> </scp> ( <scp> <scp>In</scp> </scp> <sub>1/2</sub> <scp> <scp>Nb</scp> </scp> <sub>1/2</sub> ) <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> – <scp> <scp>Pb</scp> </scp> ( <scp> <scp>Zn</scp> </scp> <sub>1/3</sub> <scp> <scp>Nb</scp> </scp> <sub>2/3</sub> ) <scp> <scp>O</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> – <scp> <scp>PbTiO</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> (2014)

A series of regular shaped Pb ( Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 ‐based ternary ferroelectric single crystals (1 − x ) Pb ( In 1/2 Nb 1/2 ) O 3 –0.33 Pb ( Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 – x PbTiO 3 ( PIN – PZN – PT ) have been grown by means of the top‐seeded solution growth method that prevented pyrochlore phase and promoted [001] or [111] growth. The nucleation and crystallization behavior of the Pb ( Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 ‐based ferroelectric single crystals differed from other relaxor‐based ferroelectric single crystals was discovered. Di‐/piezo‐/ferro‐/pyroelectric properties were characterized systematically. The PIN – PZN – PT single crystals showed large coercive fields E c , high Curie temperature T C and high pyroelectric coefficient P , presenting similar performance but better thermal stability compared with the PZN – PT single crystals, and making it a promising material for transducers and IR detectors in a wider temperature range.
CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity mediates pathology in the skin by inflammasome activation and IL-1β production (2017)

Deregulated CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity plays a central role in enhancing disease severity in several conditions. However, we have little understanding of the mechanisms by which immunopathology develops as a consequence of cytotoxicity. Using murine models of inflammation induced by the protozoan parasite leishmania, and data obtained from patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis, we uncovered a previously unrecognized role for NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release as a detrimental consequence of CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity, ultimately resulting in chronic inflammation. Critically, pharmacological blockade of NLRP3 or IL-1β significantly ameliorated the CD8+ T cell-driven immunopathology in leishmania-infected mice. Confirming the relevance of these findings to human leishmaniasis, blockade of the NLRP3 inflammasome in skin biopsies from leishmania-infected patients prevented IL-1β release. Thus, these studies link CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity with inflammasome activation and reveal novel avenues of treatment for cutaneous leishmaniasis, as well as other of diseases where CD8+ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity induces pathology.
Educational autonomous robotics setup using mixed reality (2011)

This paper is concerned with the presentation of a mixed-reality operational environment for carrying out experiments in robotics. This set up was designed as an intermediate system between a real and a simulated scenario in order to work with real robots and to ease and simplify the configuration and modification of the rest of the elements of the experiments. The environment uses video projection over the arena of the experiment, image capture to obtain the current position of the robots and a computer which monitors and controls the scenario. The graphic representation of the virtual elements of the scenario is projected onto the arena and their state is updated based on world rules of the experiment and on the state and actions of the robots. The scheme followed to control and structure this environment is based on the one proposed in a previous work for the creation of a simulation environment named Waspbed, which was designed for the study of simulated coevolution processes in multiagent systems. This setup is used for getting students from engineering degrees used to deal with robotics and all its associated fields, such as artificial vision, evolutionary robotics, communication protocols, etc. in a very simple, quick and cheap way, which otherwise wouldn't be feasible taking into account the academic constraints of time and resources.
Studies on the non rare earth oxide superconductors fabricated by sintering (1989)

Wire, tape, and bulk specimens of Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O material have been prepared. Studies on the superconducting properties and metallurgical studies have been conducted. The results of thermogravimetric analysis indicate that the phase transformation which accompanies absorption of oxygen does not occur in this material from 860 degrees C down to 400 degrees C. Tape specimens prepared by a combination of cold work and sintering showed J/sub c/ of 1100 A/cm/sup 2/ at 77 K with a good reproducibility. In these tape specimens, the c-axis of the grains tends to align perpendicularly to the tape surface. A 1330-filament Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O wire with a Ag matrix has been fabricated, showing high-T/sub c/ transitions when sintered at relatively low temperature. The concentration of Pb in the oxide must be controlled (reduced) before packing into an Ag sheath for the superconducting phase to be formed in a long wire. The results of this study indicate that the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system material has several favorable features which could make practical use of this material possible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Delivering push (1997)

From the Publisher:
Push technology has come to shove,and this is the book/CD-ROM that shows how to implement all of the major Push servers and clients on the market. It encompasses Push solutions for Microsoft and Netscape browsers,and highlights both Microsoft's CDF (Channel Definition Format) and Netscape's NetCaster. You'll learn how to install and configure BackWeb,Castanet,PointCast,and other webcasting tools that allow you to deliver scheduled update information across the Web.
Inter-Rater Agreement for Social Computing Studies (2018)

Different agreement scores are widely used in social computing studies to evaluate the reliability of crowdsourced ratings. In this research, we argue that the concept of agreement is problematic for many rating tasks in computational social science because they are characterized by subjectivity. We demonstrate this claim by analyzing four social computing datasets that are rated by crowd workers, showing that the agreement ratings are low despite deploying proper instructions and platform settings. Findings indicate that the more subjective the rating task, the lower the agreement, suggesting that tasks differ by their inherent subjectivity and that measuring the agreement of social computing tasks might not be the optimal way to ensure data quality. When creating subjective tasks, the use of agreement metrics potentially gives a false picture of the consistency of crowd workers, as they over-simplify the reality of obtaining quality labels. We also provide empirical evidence on the stability of crowd ratings with a different number of raters, items, and categories, finding that the reliability scores are most sensitive to the number categories, somewhat less sensitive to the number of raters, and the least sensitive to the number of items. Our findings have implications for computational social scientists using crowdsourcing for data collection.
IV-VI semiconductor lateral-collection photodiodes (1978)

The lateral-collection photodiode (LCP) is a novel device in which the p-n junction of a conventional photodiode is replaced by a matrix of small p-n junctions that collect photogenerated minority carriers from the intervening region. The LCP offers reduced capacitance and, in some cases, increased detectivity. IV-VI semiconductor LCP’s for the 3–5-μm spectral region show a capacitance reduction by up to a factor of 20 and a Johnson-noise-limited detectivity increase by up to a factor of 3 relative to a conventional photodiode in the same material.
Is ectopic expression caused by deregulatory mutations or due to gene‐regulation leaks with evolutionary potential? (2005)

It has long been thought that gene expression is tightly regulated in multicellular eukaryotes, so that expression profiles match functional profiles. This conception emerged from the assumption that gene activity is synonymous with gene function. This paradigm was first challenged by comparative protein electrophoresis studies showing extensive differences in expression patterns among related species. The paradigm is now being challenged by evolutionary transcriptomics using microarray technologies. Most gene expression profiles display features that lack any obvious functional significance. The so-called "ectopic" expression refers to the expression of genes at times and locations where the target gene is not known to have a function. However, ectopic expression might be associated with genuine function even if this function is not essential or has yet to be ascertained. Alternatively, ectopic expression might come about as a superfluous by-product of regulatory systems, which would call for a revision of prevailing ideas about the specificity of gene regulation. We herein review available evidence for ectopic expression and the hypotheses proposed for its origin and evolution. We propose that ectopic expression must be regarded as part of an integrated phenotypic whole. It seems likely that ectopic expression represents a leak in the evolution of regulatory systems, but one that is endowed with considerable evolutionary possibilities.
Regulation of the α-Galactosidase Activity in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>: Characterization of the Raffinose Utilization System (1999)

A 10.2-kb gene region was identified in the Streptococcus pneumoniae genome sequence that contains eight genes involved in regulation and metabolism of raffinose. The genes rafR and rafS are transcribed as one operon, and their gene products regulate the raffinose-dependent stimulation of a divergently transcribed second promoter (P(A)) directing the expression of aga, the structural gene for alpha-galactosidase. Raffinose-mediated transcription from P(A) results in a 500-fold increase in alpha-galactosidase activity in the cell. A third promoter within the cluster is responsible for the transcription of the remaining five genes (rafE, rafF, rafG, gtfA, and rafX), whose gene products might be involved in transport and metabolism of raffinose. The presence of additional internal promoters cannot be excluded. The aga promoter P(A) is negatively regulated by the presence of sucrose in the growth medium. Consistent with catabolite repression (CR), a DNA sequence with high homology to the CRE (cis-active element) was identified upstream of the aga promoter. Sucrose-mediated CR depends on the phosphoenolpyruvate: sucrose phosphotransferase system (PTS) but is unaffected by a mutation in a gene encoding a homolog of the CRE regulatory protein CcpA.
Reconstruction of the Ligament Using an Interference Screw (Tendon Junction Screw) (2001)

The Department of Orthopedics, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Nishinomiya, Japan Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Juichi Tanaka, Department of Orthopaedics, Hyogo College of Medicine, 1-1, Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo 663-8501, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]
Twist1 Regulates <i>Ifng</i> Expression in Th1 Cells by Interfering with Runx3 Function (2012)

A transcription factor network that includes STAT4, T-bet, and Runx3 promotes the differentiation of Th1 cells and inflammatory immune responses. How additional transcription factors regulate the function of Th1 cells has not been defined. In this study we show that the negative regulatory factor Twist1 decreases expression of T-bet, Runx3, and IL-12Rβ2 as it inhibits IFN-γ production. Ectopic expression of Runx3, but not T-bet or IL-12Rβ2, compensates for the effects of Twist1 on IFN-γ production, and Twist1 regulation of Ifng depends on complex formation with Runx3. Twist1 decreases Runx3 and T-bet binding at the Ifng locus, and it decreases chromatin looping within the Ifng locus. These data define an IL-12/STAT4-induced negative regulatory loop that impacts multiple components of the Th1 transcriptional network and provide further insight into regulation of Th1 differentiation.
DNA/Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanospheres Reduce Asthmatic Response in a Mouse Model of Allergic Asthma (2012)

Asthma is a chronic, inflammatory, respiratory disease caused by an abnormal reactivity against allergens. The most promising treatments for asthma are based on specific immunotherapies, but they lack efficiency and can induce deleterious side effects. Among new modalities of immunotherapy currently in development, DNA vaccination presents a promising approach, as it enables targeted immunotherapy in association with reduced allergenicity. We have developed an innovative, DNA-based vaccine against Dermatophagoides farinae 1 allergen (Der f 1), one of the allergens most commonly encountered by asthma patients in Europe. Intramuscular administration of a Der f 1-encoding plasmid formulated with the block copolymer 704 in healthy mice induced a strong humoral and cellular response with a pro-helper T cell type 1 bias. Administration of the same formulation in asthmatic mice, according to an early vaccination protocol, led to a reduction of airway hyperresponsiveness and a significant decrease in the level of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage of Der f 1-vaccinated mice.
Nonstoichiometry and Crystal Growth of Lithium Niobate (1971)

Deviations from stoichiometry occurring during the crystal growth of lithium niobate have been studied by 93Nb NMR and by shifts in the ferroelectric transition temperature. The high-temperature phase equilibria of nonstoichiometric lithium niobate were accurately determined by these techniques together with DTA and crystal-growth experiments. The congruently melting composition is located at 48.6 mole% Li2O and the solid-solution region at room temperature extends from 48% to 50% Li2O. The implications of growth at noncongruently melting compositions on the compositional uniformity of lithium niobate are discussed in detail.
[Clinical value of a new serum tumor marker CA602 in ovarian cancers]. (1990)

We investigated the usefulness of CA602, a newly developed serum tumor marker, for ovarian cancer. When the cut-off value was set at 60 U/ml, the overall positive rate of this marker in ovarian cancer was 92%, a slightly high rate relative to CA125 measured at the same time (88%). Considering tumor histology, CA602 revealed a high positive rate of 100% in serous adenocarcinoma, whereas the positive rate was 67% in mucinous adenocarcinoma. However, the positive rate was relatively high in benign diseases such as endometrial cysts (64%) and benign ovarian tumors (29%). It is concluded that CA602 is a tumor marker with low specificity and high sensitivity in general. The definite correlation between CA602 and CA125 in ovarian tumors (R = 0.96) suggests that these markers have certain similarities. Thus, CA602 may be a useful serum tumor marker for ovarian cancer as a substitute for CA125.
The Acylation of Triphenylamine in the Presence of Zinc Chloride or Aluminum Chloride (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Acylation of Triphenylamine in the Presence of Zinc Chloride or Aluminum ChlorideC. J. Fox and A. L. JohnsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 12, 3536–3538Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01035a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01035a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeted manipulation of maize genes <i>in vivo</i> using chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides (1999)

Site-specific heritable mutations in maize genes were engineered by introducing chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Two independent targets within the endogenous maize acetohydroxyacid synthase gene sequence were modified in a site-specific fashion, thereby conferring resistance to either imidazolinone or sulfonylurea herbicides. Similarly, an engineered green fluorescence protein transgene was site-specifically modified in vivo. Expression of the introduced inactive green fluorescence protein was restored, and plants containing the modified transgene were regenerated. Progeny analysis indicated Mendelian transmission of the converted transgene. The efficiency of gene conversion mediated by chimeric oligonucleotides in maize was estimated as 10(-4), which is 1-3 orders of magnitude higher than frequencies reported for gene targeting by homologous recombination in plants. The heritable changes in maize genes engineered by this approach create opportunities for basic studies of plant gene function and agricultural trait manipulation and also provide a system for studying mismatch repair mechanisms in maize.