gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photodissociation of Vibrationally Excited Pernitric Acid:  HO<sub>2</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> (2ν<sub>1</sub>) + 390 nm (2004)

Pernitric acid (HO2NO2) molecule vibrationally excited in the vicinity of its first OH stretching overtone (2ν1) is dissociated via electronic excitation using 390-nm light. The nascent energy distribution of the resulting OH fragments is probed by using laser-induced fluorescence at sub-Doppler resolution. We find that for the minor OH + NO3 channel, 55% of the ∼19 600 cm-1of available energy goes into relative translation of the two fragments and 45% into internal excitation. In addition, electronically excited NO2 associated with the dominant HO2 + NO2 channel is also observed. The visible fluorescence from the excited NO2 fragments is sufficiently intense to allow vibrational action spectra of HO2NO2 to be recorded with good signal-to-noise. As vibrational states in the vicinity of the 2ν1 level can also undergo unimolecular dissociation on the ground electronic surface, comparing relative integrated intensities of spectral features appearing in the vibrational state selected action spectra with their known total infrared absorption cross sections provides a means for estimating unimolecular dissociation quantum yields from these levels under collision-free conditions. The present results indicate that at 298 K the unimolecular dissociation quantum yield for the HO2NO2 (2ν1) state is ∼30 ± 5%. Evidence is also presented for the generation of HOONO impurity in the standard synthesis route for HO2NO2.
Light Energy Utilization Efficiency for Photosynthesis (1982)

ABSTRACT THE radiation output of sources used in growth cham-bers and for supplemental lighting in horticulture was measured in terms of irradiance, photon flux densi-ty, and two photosynthetic responses based on the mean relative action spectrum and mean relative quantum yield of photosynthesis. The outputs of the sources were given in terms of a constant power input and showed the necessity of comparing electrical conversion efficiences on an installed rather than 'test' basis. A rating of the sources based on the calculated photosynthetic utiliza-tion efficiencies was given for the sources tested. A source with broad spectral outputs can be evaluated with either photon flux density or photosynthetic photon flux density. However, analysis of less homogenous sources with narrow spectral emissions showed that the photon flux density was not a valid index of photosynthetic utilization efficiency. Plants, lettuce and tomato, grown under daylight, blue and red spectral quality sources showed large differences in morphology between the plants. The best indicator of photosynthetic utilization efficiency of a source was found to be either the photosynthetic action photon flux density or the photosynthetic yield photon flux density as modified by an absorptance greater than that previously given in the literature. The net assimilation rates of lettuce and tomato plants grown under a blue source would predict that the mean relative action spectrum was low in the blue region.
<i>K</i>-Clustering as a Detection Tool for Influential Subsets in Regression (1984)

This article describes a new methodology for the detection of influential subsets in regression. The method is based on an adaptation of computational and graphical techniques used in cluster analysis and makes use of some general properties of influential subsets, but it is independent of any specific measure of influence. For small to moderate data sets the proposed method is computationally efficient, compared to existing search methods, and it identifies subset candidates that merit attention according to some or all measures of joint influence that have appeared in the literature to date. Examples are given illustrating the method applied to two data sets previously analyzed in published studies.
Nonvolatile memories using deep traps formed in HfO2 by Nb ion implantation (2011)

We report nonvolatile memories (NVMs) based on deep-energy trap levels formed in HfO2 by metal ion implantation. A comparison of Nb- and Ta-implanted samples shows that suitable charge-trapping centers are formed in Nb-implanted samples, but not in Ta-implanted samples. This is consistent with density-functional theory calculations which predict that only Nb will form deep-energy levels in the bandgap of HfO2. Photocurrent spectroscopy exhibits characteristics consistent with one of the trap levels predicted in these calculations. Nb-implanted samples showing memory windows in capacitance–voltage (V) curves always exhibit current (I) peaks in I–V curves, indicating that NVM effects result from deep traps in HfO2. In contrast, Ta-implanted samples show dielectric breakdowns during the I–V sweeps between 5 and 11 V, consistent with the fact that no trap levels are present. For a sample implanted with a fluence of 1013 Nb cm−2, the charge losses after 104 s are ∼9.8 and ∼25.5% at room temperature (RT) and 85°C, respectively, and the expected charge loss after 10 years is ∼34% at RT, very promising for commercial NVMs.
A Comparative Study of Vision-Based Lateral Control Strategies for Autonomous Highway Driving (1999)

With the increasing speeds of modern microprocessors, it has become ever more common for computer-vision algorithms to find application in real-time control tasks. In this paper, we present an analysis of the problem of steering an autonomous vehicle along a highway based on the images obtained from a CCD camera mounted in the vehicle. We explore the effects of changing various important system parameters like the vehicle velocity, the look-ahead range of the vision sensor, and the processing delay associated with the perception and control systems. We also present the results of a series of experiments that were designed to provide a systematic comparison of a number of control strategies. The control strategies that were explored include a lead-lag control law, a full-state linear controller, and an input-output linearizing control law. Each of these control strategies was implemented and tested at highway speeds on our experimental vehicle platform, a Honda Accord LX sedan.
Low Power Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Signal Detection and Processing (2000)

The ability to detect and process weak Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is extremely valuable as the specified received power levels of such signals are already quite low. For example, the GPS-SPS signal specification indicates the signal power at the antenna will be -130 dBm. Such weak detection techniques would be of importance for a number of applications. This paper presents the results of postprocessing acquisition attempts on actual GPS signals of power levels significantly below nominal received power levels. Software based signal processing techniques and extended integration times are utilized to improve signal detection with GPS but are also applicable to GLONASS and other GNSS. Two different approaches, aided and unaided, are explained and exploited in the paper.
Immunoexpression of HER family, neuregulin, MAPK and AKT in invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast. (2008)

The results suggest that high-grade breast carcinomas are not only associated with ER/PR- negativity, but seem to be activated by receptor tyrosine kinase growth factors.
Peptidoglycan Structural Dynamics during Germination of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168 Endospores (1998)

Peptidoglycan structural dynamics during endospore germination of Bacillus subtilis 168 have been examined by muropeptide analysis. The first germination-associated peptidoglycan structural changes are detected within 3 min after the addition of the specific germinant L-alanine. We detected in the spore-associated material new muropeptides which, although they have slightly longer retention times by reversed-phase (RP)-high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) than related ones in dormant spores, show the same amino acid composition and molecular mass. Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis shows that the chemical changes to the muropeptides on germination are minor and are probably limited to stereochemical inversion. These new muropeptides account for almost 26% of the total muropeptides in spore-associated material after 2 h of germination. The exudate of germinated spores of B. subtilis 168 contains novel muropeptides in addition to those present in spore-associated material. Exudate-specific muropeptides have longer retention times, have no reducing termini, and exhibit a molecular mass 20 Da lower than those of related reduced muropeptides. These new products are anhydro-muropeptides which are generated by a lytic transglycosylase, the first to be identified in a gram-positive bacterium. There is also evidence for the activity of a glucosaminidase during the germination process. Quantification of muropeptides in spore-associated material indicates that there is a heterogeneous distribution of muropeptides in spore peptidoglycan. The spore-specific residue, muramic delta-lactam, is proposed to be a major substrate specificity determinant of germination-specific lytic enzymes, allowing cortex hydrolysis without any effect on the primordial cell wall.
Malassezia (pityrosporum) folliculitis. (2014)

Malassezia (Pityrosporum) folliculitis is a fungal acneiform condition commonly misdiagnosed as acne vulgaris. Although often associated with common acne, this condition may persist for years without complete resolution with typical acne medications. Malassezia folliculitis results from overgrowth of yeast present in the normal cutaneous flora. Eruptions may be associated with conditions altering this flora, such as immunosuppression and antibiotic use. The most common presentation is monomorphic papules and pustules, often on the chest, back, posterior arms, and face. Oral antifungals are the most effective treatment and result in rapid improvement. The association with acne vulgaris may require combinations of both antifungal and acne medications. This article reviews and updates readers on this not uncommon, but easily missed, condition.
Introduction (1993)

Abstract The slippery term "postmodernism," a feature of Western literary criticism in recent decades, has become prominent in Russian criticism only recently. Within the past two or three years it has become extremely fashionable.
Real-time Detection and Monitoring of Loop Mediated Amplification (LAMP) Reaction Using Self-quenching and De-quenching Fluorogenic Probes (2018)

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is an isothermal nucleic acid amplification (iNAAT) technique known for its simplicity, sensitivity and speed. Its low-cost feature has resulted in its wide scale application, especially in low resource settings. The major disadvantage of LAMP is its heavy reliance on indirect detection methods like turbidity and non-specific dyes, which often leads to the detection of false positive results. In the present work, we have developed a direct detection approach, whereby a labelled loop probe quenched in its unbound state, fluoresces only when bound to its target (amplicon). Henceforth, referred to as Fluorescence of Loop Primer Upon Self Dequenching-LAMP (FLOS-LAMP), it allows for the sequence-specific detection of LAMP amplicons. The FLOS-LAMP concept was validated for rapid detection of the human pathogen, Varicella-zoster virus, from clinical samples. The FLOS-LAMP had a limit of detection of 500 copies of the target with a clinical sensitivity and specificity of 96.8% and 100%, respectively. The high level of specificity is a major advance and solves one of the main shortcomings of the LAMP technology, i.e. false positives. Self-quenching/de-quenching probes were further used with other LAMP primer sets and different fluorophores, thereby demonstrating its versatility and adaptability.
Hybrid DC SQUIDs containing all refractory thin film Josephson junctions (1985)

During the past five years Sperry designed, fabricated, and tested DC SQUIDs and feedback transformer assemblies (FTA) for sensor applications. The SQUID design included a silicon chip with deposited, all refractory, thin-film Josephson junctions contained in a bulk niobium toroidal cavity housing. Features include (1) minimum SQUID loop inductance provided by a cone-shaped structure extending from the chip containing the two Josephson junctions to the toroidal cavity where the input coil and concentric modulation coil are housed, and (2) a removable cap that allows easy access to the chip for repair or replacement. This paper presents (1) the design details of the junction chip, niobium housing, and FTA and (2) the flux noise results in the 0.01 to 1,000 Hz frequency range.
Linoleate and α-linolenate synthesis by isolated spinach (<i>Spinacia oleracea</i>) chloroplasts (1979)

Diacylgalactosylglycerol synthesis was a prerequisite for the incorporation of [1-14C]-acetate into linoleate and alpha-linolenate of isolated spinach (Spinacia oleracea) chloroplasts. Oleate at position 1 of diacylgalactosylglycerol was desaturated to linoleate and alpha-linolenate both in the light and in the dark. Some desaturation of palmitate was also observed after prolonged incubations.
Evidence for a role for the phosphotyrosine-binding domain of Shc in interleukin 2 signaling. (1996)

Stimulation via the T-cell growth factor interleukin 2 (IL-2) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, the interaction of Shc with Grb2, and the Ras GTP/GDP exchange factor, mSOS. Shc also coprecipitates with the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), and therefore, may link IL-2R to Ras activation. We have further characterized the Shc-IL-2R interaction and have made the following observations. (i) Among the two phosphotyrosine-interaction domains present in Shc, the phosphotyrosine-binding (PTB) domain, rather than its SH2 domain, interacts with the tyrosine-phosphorylated IL-2R beta chain. Moreover, the Shc-PTB domain binds a phosphopeptide derived from the IL-2R beta chain (corresponding to residues surrounding Y338, SCFTNQGpYFF) with high affinity. (ii) In vivo, mutant IL-2R beta chains lacking the acidic region of IL-2Rbeta (which contains Y338) fail to phosphorylate Shc. Furthermore, when wild type or mutant Shc proteins that lack the PTB domain were expressed in the IL-2-dependent CTLL-20 cell line, an intact Shc-PTB domain was required for Shc phosphorylation by the IL-2R, which provides further support for a Shc-PTB-IL-2R interaction in vivo. (iii) PTB and SH2 domains of Shc associate with different proteins in IL-2- and T-cell-receptor-stimulated lysates, suggesting that Shc, through the concurrent use of its two different phosphotyrosine-binding domains, could assemble multiple protein complexes. Taken together, our in vivo and in vitro observations suggest that the PTB domain of Shc interacts with Y338 of the IL-2R and provide evidence for a functional role for the Shc-PTB domain in IL-2 signaling.
THE IMPACT OF MOTION-INDUCED BLUR ON OUT-THE-WINDOW VISUAL SYSTEM PERFORMANCE (2007)

All visual display system technologies have visual artifacts, or perceptual features that would not be present in a naturally-viewed scene. The characteristics of certain light-valve technologies, specifically Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and Liquid Crystal on Silicon (LCoS), exhibit a blurring artifact with image motion. In this paper, the causes of this artifact will be reviewed. Current knowledge regarding the impact of this artifact on both perception and simulator task performance will also be reviewed, and methods for reducing motioninduced blur will be discussed.
C−O Hydrogenolysis Catalyzed by Pd-PMHS Nanoparticles in the Company of Chloroarenes (2011)

Catalytic Pd(OAc)(2) and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS), in conjunction with aqueous KF, and a catalytic amount of an aromatic chloride, effects the chemo-, regio-, and stereoselective deoxygenation of benzylic oxygenated substrates at room temperature in THF. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest the process to involve palladium-nanoparticle-catalyzed hydrosilylation followed by C-O reduction. The chloroarene additive appears to facilitate the hydrogenolysis process through the slow controlled release of HCl.
Auto-Conditioned Recurrent Networks for Extended Complex Human Motion\n Synthesis (2017)

We present a real-time method for synthesizing highly complex human motions\nusing a novel training regime we call the auto-conditioned Recurrent Neural\nNetwork (acRNN). Recently, researchers have attempted to synthesize new motion\nby using autoregressive techniques, but existing methods tend to freeze or\ndiverge after a couple of seconds due to an accumulation of errors that are fed\nback into the network. Furthermore, such methods have only been shown to be\nreliable for relatively simple human motions, such as walking or running. In\ncontrast, our approach can synthesize arbitrary motions with highly complex\nstyles, including dances or martial arts in addition to locomotion. The acRNN\nis able to accomplish this by explicitly accommodating for autoregressive noise\naccumulation during training. Our work is the first to our knowledge that\ndemonstrates the ability to generate over 18,000 continuous frames (300\nseconds) of new complex human motion w.r.t. different styles.\n
[Effect of air pollution in MTTp (convenient calculation) of children]. (1991)

A convenient formula (MTTp = 0.1FVC/2Vp) was derived according to the linear character of each 10% FVC portion on the FVC-t curve proposed by Jordanoglou. It was used to examine 765 healthy school children at the age of 8-13 in the lightly and heavily polluted, and controlled areas in the living quarters in a steel corporation. The results showed that the small airways were more severely affected than the larger ones. MTT45-55% at the middle lung volume had both higher sensitivity and accuracy, and could be considered as a good index for tests on the function of small airways in air pollution while MTT20-30% and MTT70-80% at high and low lung volumes had greater variability and less accuracy.
A Cellular Striptease Act (1998)

Proteins on the cell surface can be cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. In the Perspective, Werb and Yan outline the many purposes of these cleavage events-to provide ligand for binding to receptors (as shown in the report by Peschon
 et al. on p.
 1281), to eliminate ligand on receptors and to increase or decrease cell-cell interactions. Such proteolysis can be regulated and is turning out to be widely used by the cell.
The Cardiomyopathy of Friedreich's Ataxia Morphological Observations in 3 Cases (1980)

In the light of the recent finding of deposits of calcium salts and iron in myocardial cells in one case of Friedreich's ataxia, we have made a detailed morphological study of 3 new cases of this cardiomyopathy. Calcium deposits were not found in the muscle fibers but lipofuscin granules and deposits of iron were observed in our 3 cases. In addition to the usual findings of interstitial fibrosis, hypertrophy and degeneration of myocardial fibers, foci of segmental active muscle necrosis were constantly present. There is a possibility that Friedreich's ataxia could be a neurocardiac degenerative disease with a membrane defect which could be related to defective metabolism of vitamin E or other micronutrients.
Replication of origin containing adenovirus DNA fragments that do not carry the terminal protein (1983)

Nuclear extracts from adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) infected HeLa cells were used to study the template requirements for adenovirus DNA replication in vitro. When XbaI digested Ad5 DNA, containing the parental terminal protein (TP), was used as a template preferential synthesis of the terminal fragments was observed. The newly synthesized DNA was covalently bound to the 82 kD preterminal protein (pTP). Plasmid DNAs containing the Ad2 origin sequence or the Ad12 origin sequence with small deletions were analyzed for their capacity to support pTP-primed DNA replication. Circular plasmid DNAs were inactive. When plasmids were linearized to expose the adenovirus origin, both Ad2 and Ad12 TP-free fragments could support initiation and elongation similarly as Ad5 DNA-TP, although with lower efficiency. These observations indicate that the parental terminal protein is dispensable for initiation in vitro. The presence of 29 nucleotides ahead of the molecular end or a deletion of 14 base pairs extending into the conserved sequence (9-22) destroyed the template activity. DNA with a large deletion within the first 8 base pairs could still support replication while a small deletion could not. The results suggest that only G residues at a distance of 4-8 nucleotides from the start of the conserved sequence can be used as template during initiation of DNA replication.
A research agenda for physiological computing (2004)

Physiological computing involves the direct interfacing of human physiology and computer technology, i.e. brain–computer interaction (BCI). The goal of physiological computing is to transform bioelectrical signals from the human nervous system into real-time computer input in order to enhance and enrich the interactive experience. Physiological computing has tremendous potential for interactive innovation but research activities are often disparate and uneven, and fail to reflect the multidisciplinary nature of the topic. This paper will provide a primer on detectable human physiology as an input source, a summary of relevant research and a research agenda to aid the future development of interactive systems that utilise physiological information.
Electrical and mechanical properties of a metal-filled polymer composite for interconnection and testing applications (2003)

A group of metal-filled polymer composites developed as compliant interconnection materials for connector and testing applications is discussed. This material group is referred to as elastomeric conductive polymer interconnection (ECPI) materials. ECPIs make electrical connection between opposing contact areas using conductive columns that are uniformly distributed within a sheet of silicone rubber and are separated by a spacing of 7 mil or less. The materials are suitable for interconnecting high-density, fine-pitch, pad-grid arrays and are capable of accommodating tolerance variations arising from plating thickness, substrate warp, and nonplanarities between opposing contact areas. ECPIs can be deformed by up to 40% of their uncompressed thickness without compromising their electrical properties. For the high-performance interconnections the material should be less than 20 mil, which would provide a maximum compliance of 8 mil.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Growth of ZnO Nanoneedle Arrays with Strong Ultraviolet Emissions by an Electrochemical Deposition Method (2006)

We report a soft and template-free electrochemical deposition method to prepare wafer-scale high-quality ZnO nanoneedle arrays on oriented gold-film-coated silicon substrates at temperatures as low as 70 °C. SEM, XRD, and TEM data show that the ZnO nanoneedles are of single-crystal wurtzite structure and preferentially oriented along the c-axis perpendicular to the substrates. Such ZnO nanoneedle arrays exhibit strong ultraviolet emissions at room temperature but very weak defect-related visible emissions. The blue shift of the low-temperature ultraviolet emission compared with that at room temperature further confirms its excitonic origin. The nanoneedle growth mechanism can be attributed to formation of {0001}-oriented ZnO nuclei on the oriented gold-coated silicon substrate and then faster growth along the 〈0001〉 direction in terms of minimum interface and surface energy.