gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh (2001)

A survey of well waters (n=3534) from throughout Bang- '
ladesh, excluding the Chitt;agong Hill Tracts, has shown
that water from 27% of the 'shallow' tubewells, that is
wells less than 150 m deep, exceeded the Bangladesh
standard for arsenic in drinking water (50 flg L -I). 46%
exceeded the WHO guideline value of 10 flg L-I. Figures
for 'deep' wells (greater than 150 m deep) were 1% and
5%, respectively. Since it is believed that there are a total of
some 6-11 million tubewells in Bangladesh, mostly
exploiting the depth range 10-50 m, some 1.5-2.5 million
wells are estimated to be contaminated with arsenic
according to the Bangladesh standard. 35 million people
are believed to be exposed to an arsenic concentration in
drinking water exceeding 50 flg L-I and 57 million people
exposed to a concentration exceeding 10 flg L -I.
There is a distinct regional pattern of arsenic contamination
with the greatest contamination in the south and
south-east of the country and the least contamination in
the north-west and in the uplifted areas of north-central
Bangladesh. However, there are occasional arsenic 'hot
spots' in the generally low-arsenic regions of northern
_Bangladesh. In arsenic-contaminated areas, the large
degree of well-to-well variation within a village means that
it is diffic'ult to predict whether a given well will be contaminated
from tests carried out on neighbouring wells.
The young (Holocene) alluvial and deltaic deposits are
__ m8-s_caffe_c.ted_whereas_the older alluvial_sediments in the
,I
tion' hypothesis in which pyrite oxidation in the zone of
water table fluctuation is assumed to release arsenic and
ultimately to be responsible for the groundwater arsenic
problem. There is no evidence to support the proposition
that the groundwater arsenic problem is caused by the
recent seasonal drawdown of the water table due to a
recent increase in irrigation abstraction.
Monitoring of groundwaters at two-weekly intervals at
a number of sites, and at different depths, has shown some
variation with time but there is as yet no convincing evidence
for seasonal changes. Dramatic changes in contamination
are not expected within such a short timescale. A
monitoring programme should be undertaken at a range of
sites to monitor possible long-term changes. In the three
contaminated areas studied in most detail, the arsenic concentration
increases most rapidly between 10-20 m below
ground level.
\Vhile arsenic is the single greatest problem in Bangladesh
groundwaters, other elements of concern from a
health point of view, are manganese, boron and uranium.
Some 35% of the groundwaters sampled exceeded the
WHO guideline value for manganese (0.5 mg L-I). The
spatial pattern of the arsenic and manganese problem areas
was significantly different and only 33% of shallow well
waters complied with the WHO guideline values for both
arsenic and manganese.
Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Therapy for Corneal Clouding in Mice with Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII (2001)

Recent advances in systemic treatments for mucopolysaccharidosis have led to therapies that improve the multiple somatic features of this disease, but the therapeutic effect on ocular manifestations such as corneal clouding is not satisfactory. Here, we administered an adenovirus expressing human beta-glucuronidase (AxCAhGUS) into the anterior chamber or intrastromal region of the cornea in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (B6/MPSVII), and successfully treated corneal clouding of MPSVII. When we injected AxCAhGUS into the anterior chamber of the eyes, cells expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUSB) were located mainly in the trabecular meshwork as well as in all corneal regions, and subsequent pathological corrections in the cornea were achieved. Widespread transgene expression was also observed when we administered AxCAhGUS inside the cornea after lamellar keratotomy, and rapid elimination of the lysosomal storage in the corneal keratocytes occurred. Furthermore, intrastromal vector administration did not generate significant levels of anti-adenovirus neutralizing antibodies, and secondary vector administration was effective. Based on these observations, we conclude that it is worth developing a treatment strategy for corneal clouding in mucopolysaccharidosis based on direct intraocular administration of adenoviral vectors.
Effects of L-Cysteine on the Oxidation Chemistry of Dopamine: New Reaction Pathways of Potential Relevance to Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (1994)

Oxidation of the catecholaminergic neurotransmitter dopamine (1) at physiological pH normally results in formation of black, insoluble melanin polymer. In this study, it is demonstrated that L-cysteine (CySH) can divert the melanin pathway by scavenging the proximate o-quinone oxidation product of 1 to give 5-S-cysteinyldopamine (8). This cysteinyl conjugate is further oxidized in the presence of free CySH to give 7-(2-aminoethyl)-3,4-dihydro-5-hydroxy-2H- 1,4-benzothiazine-3-carboxylic acid (11) and its 6-S-cysteinyl (12), 8-S-cysteinyl (14), and 6,8-di-S-cysteinyl (16) conjugates in addition to many other unidentified compounds. 5-S-Cysteinyldopamine (8) and dihydrobenzothiazines 11, 12, 14, and 16 are all more easily oxidized than 1. With increasing molar excesses of CySH, the formation of melanin is decreased and, ultimately, completely blocked. Preliminary experiments have revealed that when injected into the brains of laboratory mice, dihydrobenzothiazine 11 and its cysteinyl conjugates 12 and 14 are lethal and evoke profound behavioral responses including hyperactivity and tremor. On the basis of these results and other recent observations, a new hypothesis has been advanced which might help explain the selective degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons which occurs in idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD). This hypothesis proposes that in response to some form of chronic brain insult, the activity of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase is upregulated leading to an increased rate of translocation of glutathione (GSH) into the cytoplasm of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra (SN) para compacta. The results of this in vitro study predict that such an elevated translocation of GSH into heavily pigmented dopaminergic neurons would cause a diversion of the neuromelanin pathway with consequent depigmentation of these cells and formation of 8, all of which occur in the Parkinsonian SN. The further very facile oxidation of 8 which must occur under intraneuronal conditions where 1 is autoxidized, i.e., in neuromelanin-pigmented cells, would lead to dihydrobenzothiazine 11 and its cysteinyl conjugates which could be the endotoxins responsible for the selective degeneration of dopaminergic SN neurons in PD. The ease of autoxidation of 8 is suggested to account for the low levels of this conjugate found in the degenerating and Parkinsonian SN.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Sonochemical Synthesis of Hollow PbS Nanospheres (2005)

PbS hollow nanospheres with diameters of 80-250 nm have been synthesized by a surfactant-assisted sonochemical route. The nanostructures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), (high-resolution) transmission electron microscopy [(HR)TEM], and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Structural characterization indicates that shells of the hollow spheres are composed of PbS nanoparticles with diameters of about 12 nm. The formation of the hollow nanostructure was explained by a vesicle-template mechanism, in which sonication and surfactant play important roles. Furthermore, uniform silica layers were successfully coated onto the hollow spheres via a modified Stöber method to enhance their performance for promising applications.
Studies on the Sintering of Silicon Dioxide (1977)

Sintering studies were carried out on SiO2 by taking compacts of different particle sizes of double calcined silicon dioxide. Effects of particle size, sintering temperature and sintering time were investigated. The data were analysed using the empirical equation D = K log t + C. It was observed that the activation energy for sintering of SiO2 increases with increase in particle size from −45 μ to −106+90 μ powder.
Spatio-Temporal Changes of Lymphatic Contractility and Drainage Patterns following Lymphadenectomy in Mice (2014)

Both lymphatic vessel regeneration and co-opting of contralateral vessels occur following lymphadenectomy, with contractile function restored within 13 days, providing a basis for preclinical and clinical investigations to hasten lymphatic repair and restore contractile lymphatic function after surgery to prevent cancer-acquired lymphedema. Patterns of cancer metastasis after lymphadenectomy were altered, consistent with patterns of re-directed lymphatic drainage.
Mechanism of the Growth Inhibitory Effect of Cysteine on Escherichia coli (1971)

SUMMARY Cysteine appeared to have two classes of growth inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli: (1)Above 0·2 mm it inhibited growth on minimal medium by a mechanism which may involve interference with leucine, isoleucine, threonine and valine biosynthesis; (2)above 2 mm, in media with these amino acids, it had an effect which may involve interaction with membrane bound respiratory enzymes. Cysteamine showed only effect (2).
Field Emission of Single‐Layer Graphene Films Prepared by Electrophoretic Deposition (2009)

Homogeneous single-layer graphene films are fabricated using an electrophoretic deposition technique, and their field-emission properties are investigated. The graphene films show high density, uniform thickness, numerous edges normal to the film surface, and good interface contact and adhesion with the substrate, and consequently show excellent field-emission properties.
Control with Probabilistic Signal Temporal Logic (2015)

Autonomous agents often operate in uncertain environments where their decisions are made based on beliefs over states of targets. We are interested in controller synthesis for complex tasks defined over belief spaces. Designing such controllers is challenging due to computational complexity and the lack of expressivity of existing specification languages. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic extension to signal temporal logic (STL) that expresses tasks over continuous belief spaces. We present an efficient synthesis algorithm to find a control input that maximises the probability of satisfying a given task. We validate our algorithm through simulations of an unmanned aerial vehicle deployed for surveillance and search missions.
Synthesis of Monodisperse AgAu Alloy Nanoparticles with Independently Tunable Morphology, Composition, Size, and Surface Chemistry and Their 3‐D Superlattices (2009)

Abstract Here, a strategy for synthesizing monodisperse AgAu alloy nanoparticles whereby particle attributes such as morphology, composition, size, and surface chemistry may be independently controlled, varied, and customized is presented. The synthesis uses a multi‐step procedure to deliver control of morphology, size, and composition in discrete and independent steps. Specifically Ag nanoparticles with the same morphology but different sizes are first prepared by the chemical reduction of Ag ions. A digestive ripening post‐treatment followed by seed‐mediated growth is then applied to narrow the size distribution and to vary the particle size. Monodisperse AgAu alloy nanoparticles are then formed by a replacement reaction with HAuCl 4 . Both single‐crystalline truncated octahedral (TO) AgAu alloy nanoparticles and icosahedral multiply twinned particles can be easily prepared by this procedure. By using truncated octahedrons as the model morphology, the syntheses of nanoparticles with the same size but different compositions, of nanoparticles with the same composition but variable sizes, and of nanoparticles with different surface chemistry are demonstrated and discussed in detail. Because of the shape and size monodispersity, all of the as‐synthesized AgAu alloy nanoparticles easily form superlattices on a solid substrate upon slow evaporation of the solvent. The packing pattern of the nanoparticles is strongly dependent on the native morphology of the nanoparticles.
Duplication 3q syndrome: Molecular delineation of the critical region (1995)

The phenotype of dup(3q) syndrome partially overlaps with Brachmann-de Lange phenotype. Convulsions and eye, palate renal, and cardiac anomalies are more frequent in dup(3q) syndrome, while limb deficiencies, hirsutism, and synophrys are more characteristic of Brachmann-de Lange syndrome. Whether the two syndromes have a biological relationship has yet to be demonstrated. Using two patient translocation cell lines, each involving distal 3q, we have narrowed the critical region of the dup(3q) syndrome to the interval 3q26.31-q27.3 and initiated its molecular characterization. We have mapped in this region 6 cosmid clones spanning approximately 3-5 Mb. The critical region appears to overlap with the region where a balanced translocation was found in a Brachmann-de Lange patient. This work provides the mapping framework for finer molecular analysis of dup(3q) syndrome.
Hydroxy-, Nitro-, Amino-, and Methoxy-4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)quinolines<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxy-, Nitro-, Amino-, and Methoxy-4-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)quinolines1Carl Tabb Bahner, David Brotherton, William H. Chapman Jr., William Longmire, H. Bernie Orr, Lydia Moore Rives, Emma Brown Senter, and Warren YeeCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 2, 269–271Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00326a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00326a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of class I, II, and III epitopes of the CD34 antigen by normal and leukemic hemopoietic cells (1996)

Peripheral blood samples from 115 consecutive patients and bone marrow samples from 9 healthy donors were studied for percentages of CD34-expressing cells, quantitative expression of various CD34 epitopes as defined by fluorescence mean channel, and mutual inhibition of the different CD34 monoclonal antibodies detecting the various CD34 epitopes. The study focused only on samples from patients with presumably elevated numbers of CD34-expressing cells, due to the nature of the disease. Samples from patients with chronic myeloproliferative syndromes, acute leukemias from nonhematological cancer patients during mobilization with filgrastim, and normal bone marrow samples were studied. Elevated numbers of CD34-expressing cells (>0.04 % of all nucleated cells) were detected in 111 of 124 patients. An almost identical expression of CD34 epitopes as detected by phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies QBEND-10, 8G12, and ICH3 were detected, whereas expression of the IMMU409 epitope was detected in only a few samples (19 of 111). Reactivity of IMMU-133 was almost identical to that of QBEND-10. Reactivity of BIRMA-K3, the only CD34 monoclonal used in this study, but not described in previous workshops, was almost identical to that of 8G12. From studies on mutual inhibition of binding, two families of CD34 epitopes are defined. The first family is comprised of QBEND-10, IMMU-133, My-10, and ICH-3, and the second one is comprised of only 8G12 and BIRMA-K3. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bacterial Symbionts of the Triatominae and Their Potential Use in Control of Chagas Disease Transmission (2002)

Chagas disease is caused by the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by insects in the family Reduviidae, subfamily Triatominae, commonly known as kissing bugs. Because these insects feed throughout their entire developmental cycle on vertebrate blood, they harbor populations of symbiotic bacteria in their intestinal track that produce nutrients that are lacking in the insects' limited diet. It is possible to cultivate these bacteria, genetically modify them, and place them back into their insect host, thus generating a paratransgenic insect. This procedure has allowed the expression of antitrypanosomal gene products in the insect gut, thereby resulting in insects that are incapable of transmitting Chagas disease. A method has been developed that would allow introduction and spread of genetically modified symbionts into natural populations of kissing bugs, thus leading potentially to a transgenic intervention tool for use as a part of an integrated vector control approach.
A phase I evaluation of poly(I,C)-LC in cancer patients. (1985)

Twenty-five patients with metastatic carcinoma were entered into a Phase I clinical trial using poly(I,C)-LC at either 1 mg/m2 or 4 mg/m2 intravenous, twice weekly, for 4 weeks. None of the 15 patients entered at the 1 mg/m2 dose had an objective response; three had progressive disease. Similarly, no objective responses were observed among the 10 patients treated at the 4 mg/m2 dose of poly(I,C)-LC; one patient was removed from the study due to progressive disease. Toxicities observed at the 1 mg/m2 dose were mild hypotension, fever, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, and headache. The first patient treated at the 4 mg/m2 dose was taken off of the study for severe hypotension. In the subsequent nine patients treated at this dose, a pretreatment with one dose at 1 mg/m2 was given, and no further problems with hypotension were encountered. The other toxicities at 4 mg/m2 were similar to those seen at 1 mg/m2.
Application of Surface Acoustic Waves (1976)

弾性表面波は機器の小型化と, 波の発生・検出・制御等の容易さという点で機能素子として多くの適用が考えられる.本文は線形素子としてのフィルター, およびフィルターなどの特性改善に将来重要性を増すと思われる増幅素子, 非線形効果の積極的応用としてのコンボルバー, イメージ素子などについて最近の動向を述べる.
Effect of pasteurization on immune components of milk: implications for feeding preterm infants (2011)

It has been unequivocally proven that human breast milk is the ideal source of nutrition for infants. However, mothers of preterm infants face a number of barriers to providing sufficient milk volume to their babies, who are at risk for developing necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Donated milk, distributed through milk banks, is becoming a desirable alternative to formula feeding, and is increasingly being considered for hospitalized, preterm infants in North America. Donor milk in North America is pasteurized (62.5 °C, 30 min) to remove possible infectious contaminants; a number of immune and bioactive components are either partially or entirely inactivated by this process. Identifying the impact of pasteurization on immune components of breast milk has been the focus of numerous research studies over the past several decades. The objective of this review is to summarize the literature on the feeding of pasteurized donor milk to preterm infants and the current understanding of the impact of pasteurization on immune components of breast milk, with particular reference to those implicated in the prevention of NEC.
Formation and Changing Pattern of Nursing Perspectives of Nursing Students (1997)

The purpose of this study was to identify the formation and changing pattern of nursing perspectives of nursing students. 176 subjects were composed of 118 nusing students and 58 non-nursing students. The data were collected through openended question and structured questionair. The result were as follows : 1. Nursing perspectives were classified six categories(nature of nursing, image of nursing, component of nursing, meaning of nursing, range of nursing, function of nursing) 2. As increased major lecture period, the item of Nursing is helping was changing positively. 3. As incresed clinical practice, the student's perception about items of Nursing has gap between theory and practice, Nursing is helping was increased. 4. As increased self-concept, the students were considered the item of Nursing is action that giving knowledge and helping to effective coping for individual and group significantly. 5. 1) The students having religion were considered the item of Nursing must doing politely significantly relatively to the students don't have religion. 2) The students having experience of admission to hospital in their or their family had negative nursing perspectives. 3) Against the students who select nursing major for his high school perfoermonce and advice of their significant others, the students who select nursing major for service had positive nursing perspectives.
Effects of l-theanine on attention and reaction time response (2011)

Previous human studies revealed that l-theanine influences brain function. The current study was designed to evaluate the affect of l-theanine (Suntheanine®) on attention and reaction time response in 18 normal healthy University student volunteers. In accordance with preliminary analysis of the manifest anxiety scale (MAS), the subjects were divided into two groups referred to as high anxiety propensity group and the minimal anxiety propensity group. Both groups received l-theanine (200 mg/100 ml water) and placebo (100 ml water) in a double blind repeated measurement design protocol. Assessments were performed for 15–60 min after consumption under a relaxed condition upon exerting an experimentally induced visual attentional task as well as audio response tests. Self-reports of anxiety as State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was characterized at post experiments. Alpha bands electroencephalographic activity and heart rate were recorded throughout the trial. The results demonstrate the significant enhanced activity of alpha bands, descending heart rate, elevated visual attentional performance, and improved reaction time response among high anxiety propensity subjects compared to a placebo. However, no significant differences were noticed among subjects with a minimal anxiety propensity. Results evidently demonstrated that l-theanine clearly has a pronounced effect on attention performance and reaction time response in normal healthy subjects prone to have high anxiety.
Synthese von 3‐Aminoisothiazolen (1977)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung von N ‐(3 H ‐1,2‐Dithiol‐3‐yliden)acetamiden 4 mit Hydroxylamin werden die N ‐(3‐Isothiazolyl)acetamide 5 erhalten, die sich sauer zu den Aminen 6 verseifen lassen. Die Ausgangsverbindungen 4 werden entweder aus den 3 H ‐1,2‐Dithiol‐3‐thionen 3 über die zugehörigen Oxime 2 oder, im Falle der Benzoderivate, aus den 3‐Chlor‐1,2‐benzisothiazolen 1 gewonnen.
Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors: N-substituted D-glutamic acid .gamma.-dipeptides (1985)

The preparation of two series of N-carbobenzoxy-gamma-D-glutamyl secondary 2S amino acids and (N-substituted gamma-D-glutamyl)indoline-2(S)-carboxylic acid dipeptides is described. In vitro inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is reported for each compound, and the structure-activity relationship is discussed. Oral and iv inhibition of AI pressor response in vivo of selected compounds in Table II is also discussed. The most potent compounds in vitro, 3 and 6a, had an ACE IC50 of 7 and 2.7 X 10(-9) M, respectively.