gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Authentication protocols based on low-bandwidth unspoofable channels: a comparative survey. (2010)

One of the main challenges in pervasive computing is how we can establish secure communication over an untrusted high-bandwidth network without any initial knowledge or a Public Key Infrastructure. An approach studied by a number of researchers is building security though human work creating a low-bandwidth empirical (or authentication) channel where the transmitted information is authentic and cannot be faked or modified. In this paper, we give an analytical survey of authentication protocols of this type. We start with non-interactive authentication schemes, and then move on to analyse a number of strategies used to build interactive pair-wise and group protocols that minimise the human work relative to the amount of security obtained as well as optimising the computation processing. In studying these protocols, we will discover that their security is underlined by the idea of commitment before knowledge, which is refined by two protocol design principles introduced in this survey. © 2011 IOS Press and the authors. All rights reserved.
Water repellence of soils: new insights and emerging research needs (2007)

Abstract An increasing awareness of the occurrence and implications of soil water repellence has caused a surge in research activity addressing this phenomenon in recent years. This has involved not only the disciplines of hydrology, soil, and related environmental sciences, but increasingly also biology, chemistry, physics, and surface sciences, which has allowed elucidation of the causes and behaviour of soil water repellence based on first order principles. Furthermore, novel approaches and advances in technology have allowed examination of its causes and implications at increasingly coarse and fine spatial and temporal scales. The 19 papers presented in this special issue exemplify this trend by bringing together studies from diverse disciplines and presenting the latest advances regarding the origin, occurrence, controls, hydrological effects, and amelioration of soil water repellence. Here we aim to summarize, evaluate and set into context some of the new insights arising from these studies and also attempt to identify the key current and likely future research gaps related to water repellence in soils. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computation offloading for mobile edge computing: A deep learning approach (2017)

Computation offloading has already shown itself to be successful for enabling resource-intensive applications on mobile devices. Moreover, in view of mobile edge computing (MEC) system, mobile devices can offload compute-intensive tasks to a nearby cloudlet, so as to save the energy and enhance the processing speed. However, due to the varying network conditions and limited computation resources of cloudlets, the offloading actions taken by a mobile user may not achieve the lowest cost. In this paper, we develop a dynamic offloading framework for mobile users, considering the local overhead in the mobile terminal side, as well as the limited communication and computation resources in the network side. We formulate the offloading decision problem as a multi-label classification problem and develop the Deep Supervised Learning (DSL) method to minimize the computation and offloading overhead. Simulation results show that our proposal can reduce system cost up to 49.24%, 23.87%, 15.69%, and 11.18% compared to the “no offloading” scheme, “random offloading” scheme, “total offloading” scheme and “multi-label linear classifier-based offloading” scheme, respectively.
A New Porphyrin Synthesis. The Synthesis of Porphin<sup>1</sup> (1936)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Porphyrin Synthesis. The Synthesis of Porphin1Paul RothemundCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1936, 58, 4, 625–627Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1936Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1936https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01295a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01295a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8956Altmetric-Citations226LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Review Fast ion conduction materials (1977)

A brief phenomenological introduction to the important physical parameters involved in ionic conduction in solids is followed by order of magnitude estimates of these quantities for materials which can be considered to be fast ion conductors. Experimental techniques are outlined, and a comprehensive compilation of currently available data on fast ion conductors is presented. The conductivity and diffusion data are coupled with additional criteria to indicate broad classes of materials which may show enhanced ion conductivity.
The Rearrangement of Phenyl Allyl Ethers. V. The Isomeric Ethyl <i>p</i>-(α- and γ-Propylallyloxy)-benzoates (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Rearrangement of Phenyl Allyl Ethers. V. The Isomeric Ethyl p-(α- and γ-Propylallyloxy)-benzoatesWalter M. Lauer and Robert M. LeekleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 11, 3043–3047Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01266a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (540 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effects of a thiol antioxidant in various cataract models (2016)

Summary Cataracts are the most common cause of treatable blindness worldwide, and result from loss of transparency of the lens. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress plays an important role in cataract etiopathogenesis. Oxidative damage reduces solubility of crystallins, the main structural proteins of the lens, resulting in opacification. Cells have evolved to combat this damage with antioxidant enzymes and low molecular weight antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH). Our primary objective was to evaluate a GSH prodrug for cataract treatment because current surgical options are neither economical nor safe. Recent literature indicates that thiol compounds like N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) may ameliorate the risk for cataracts. Our data indicates that the analog of NAC, N‐acetylcysteine amide (NACA), is more effective than NAC due to its higher bioavailability. Therefore, the present study was performed to determine whether NACA is also effective in sodium selenite and L‐buthionine‐(S,R)‐sulfoxamine (BSO)‐induced cataracts. In both models, NACA significantly decreased lens opacity and improved redox balance. The data suggest that NACA has the potential to significantly improve both patient health and the clinical treatment of cataracts.
Cancer Isoform of a Tumor-Associated Cell Surface NADH Oxidase (tNOX) Has Properties of a Prion (2001)

We have described a drug-responsive form of a cell surface NADH oxidase (hydroquinone oxidase) of cancer cells (tNOX) that exhibits unusual characteristics including resistance to proteases, resistance to cyanogen bromide digestion, and an ability to form amyloid filaments closely resembling those of spongiform encephalopathies and all of which are characteristics of PrP(sc) (PrP(res)), the presumed infective and proteinase K resistant particle of the scrapie prion. The tNOX protein from the HeLa cell surface copurified with authentic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (muscle form) (GAPDH). Surprisingly, the tNOX-associated muscle GAPDH also was proteinase K resistant. In this paper, we show that combination of authentic rabbit muscle GAPDH with tNOX renders the GAPDH resistant to proteinase K digestion. This property, that of converting the normal form of a protein into a likeness of itself, is one of the defining characteristics of the group of proteins designated as prions.
Influence of the number of basis images and projection array on caries detection using tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) (2002)

OBJECTIVES to determine if the number of basis images and spatial distribution of the projection array used for TACT slice generation influence observer performance in caries detection. METHODS In the first experiment, 2, 4, 8 and 12 basis projections of each of 40 teeth were acquired using a CMOS digital radiography sensor. Projections were distributed radially in space using a 20 degree angular disparity. TACT slices were generated from the four subgroups of images, presented to eight observers, and viewed on a high-resolution monitor. Observers scored the presence/absence of caries using a 5-point confidence scale. Gold standard was histological examination of tooth sections. ROC curves measured observer diagnostic performance. ANOVA tested for significant differences between observers and experimental conditions. In the second experiment, the number of basis projections judged to be satisfactory for TACT slice generation was used. Horizontal and vertical linear arrays of projections were compared to the circular projection array. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between the numbers of basis projections in the detection of both occlusal (P=0.006) and proximal caries (P=0.005). No significant difference was found between projection arrays in the detection of either occlusal (P=0.065) or proximal (P=0.515) caries. CONCLUSIONS The number of TACT basis projections significantly influences caries detection. Eight or more images should be used. Either linear-vertical, linear-horizontal or circular arrays of basis projections may be used for TACT slice generation in caries detection tasks.
Time-Dependent Wave Packet Quantum Scattering and Quasi-Classical Trajectory Calculations of the H plus FCl(v=0,j=0) -> HF plus Cl/HCl plus F Reaction (2013)

the dynamics of the title reaction are investigated using both time-dependent wave packet quantum scattering and quasi-classical trajectory (qct) methods on adiabatic ground 1(2)a' potential energy surface (pes). compared with the quantum results of reaction probabilities of h + fcl(j=0) -> hf + cl/hcl + f, the qct method is proven feasible and further employed to produce integral cross sections and rate constants. significant resonance structures are observed in the reaction probabilities using the quantum method; however, there are some undulations in the calculated qct integral cross sections for both product channels. a comparison between the quantum mechanical coupled-channel (cc) calculation and centrifugal sudden approximation calculation reveals the very important role of coriolis coupling effects in the quantum calculation. comparisons between the calculated thermal rate constants for both reactions and the previous theoretical and experimental results have been done. hcl product formation is favored over the hf product in the reactive system. finally, the hf products are found to be mainly forward scattering, and the hcl products are mainly backward scattering.
The effect of oral non-absorbable antibiotics on the emergence of resistant bacteria in patients in an intensive care unit (1987)

Critically ill patients admitted to the surgical intensive care unit since 1982 have been treated prophylactically with oral non-absorbable antibiotics combined with parenteral cefotaxime. A mixture of polymyxin E, tobramycin and amphotericin B has been administered via a nasogastric tube and also applied topically to the buccal mucosa. This regimen has proven to be highly effective in reducing the infection rate. The present study evaluated the occurrence of resistant bacteria with this regimen during a 30-month period, in 164 patients with multiple trauma. No increase in the percentage of patients with acquired drug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli was found during this period. Colonization of the oral cavity and/or gastro-intestinal canal by polymyxin E-resistant strains (invariably Proteus spp.) occurred in 8% of patients, and by tobramycin-resistant bacilli (Escherichia coli or Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas spp.) in 4%. Intestinal colonization with cefotaxime-resistant strains (e.g. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter or Enterobacter spp.) was observed in 17 patients (10%). Of these strains 82% were eliminated within one week by the oral non-absorbable antibiotics. Colonization of the respiratory tract, urinary tract or wounds with cefotaxime-resistant Gram-negative bacilli occurred in only three patients (2%).
Nanoprocessing of Diamond Using a Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (2006)

We demonstrated diamond processing using a variable pressure scanning electron microscope. Dents were formed in diamond by electron beam irradiation in air, nitrogen gas, oxygen gas, and water vapor. The processing in oxygen atmosphere showed the highest efficiency. The processing mechanism can be explained in terms of gas ion sputtering and chemical reaction. We used this method to remove residue on a diamond device, which showed that it is practical for fabricating diamond-based nano-devices.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS. 71. SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF (TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYL)CYCLOPENTADIENE (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Cyclopentadiennatrium (I) mit Trimethyl‐chlormethylsilan (II) wird ein Isomerengemisch aus (III) und (IV) erhalten.
Ovastacin, a cortical granule protease, cleaves ZP2 in the zona pellucida to prevent polyspermy (2012)

The mouse zona pellucida is composed of three glycoproteins (ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3), of which ZP2 is proteolytically cleaved after gamete fusion to prevent polyspermy. This cleavage is associated with exocytosis of cortical granules that are peripherally located subcellular organelles unique to ovulated eggs. Based on the cleavage site of ZP2, ovastacin was selected as a candidate protease. Encoded by the single-copy Astl gene, ovastacin is an oocyte-specific member of the astacin family of metalloendoproteases. Using specific antiserum, ovastacin was detected in cortical granules before, but not after, fertilization. Recombinant ovastacin cleaved ZP2 in native zonae pellucidae, documenting that ZP2 was a direct substrate of this metalloendoprotease. Female mice lacking ovastacin did not cleave ZP2 after fertilization, and mouse sperm bound as well to Astl-null two-cell embryos as they did to normal eggs. Ovastacin is a pioneer component of mouse cortical granules and plays a definitive role in the postfertilization block to sperm binding that ensures monospermic fertilization and successful development.
Frequency effects and properties of plasma deposited fluorinated silicon nitride (1988)

The properties of low-hydrogen, fluorinated plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) silicon nitride films grown using NF3/SiH4/N2 feed mixtures in 200 kHz and 14 MHz discharges were compared. High-energy ion bombardment at 200 kHz is expected to enhance surface diffusion and chemical reconstruction. Compared to fluorinated silicon nitride deposited at 14 MHz under otherwise comparable conditions, the 200 kHz films had a lower Si–H bond concentration (≲1×1021 cm−3), lower total hydrogen content (5–8×1021 cm−3), better resistance to oxidation, lower compressive stress (−0.7 to −1.5 Gdyne/cm), and higher density (3.1 g/cm3). The dielectric constant of better low-frequency Class I films was constant to 500 MHz, while that of high-frequency films fell up to 15% between 100 Hz and 10 MHz. The absorption edges of low-frequency PECVD fluorinated silicon nitride films were between 5.0 and 6.1 eV, which compare with 4.4 to 5.6 eV for the high-excitation frequency fluorinated material and 3 to 4 eV for conventional PECVD nitride. However high-frequency films may have fewer trap centers and a lower dielectric constant. 14 MHz p-SiN:F films grown with NH3 as an auxiliary nitrogen source showed absorption edges similar to low-frequency material grown from NF3/SiH4/N2, but they have substantially more N–H bonding. The dielectric constant and absorption edge of these films were comparable to those of low-frequency p-SiN:F from NF3/SiH4/N2.
Association between ulcerative colitis and multiple sclerosis (2007)

An association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and multiple sclerosis (MS) has been described. The current study was undertaken to explore this association further. Personal records of patients with IBD and MS were reviewed. In addition, a search of medical records at a large tertiary teaching hospital in Sydney was carried out for the years 1996-2006. Four patients (three women and one man) with both ulcerative colitis and MS were identified. MS did not occur in any of our patients with Crohn's disease. The association between ulcerative colitis and MS appears to be real and may help identify common factors involved in the cause of these two diseases. No association was found in this study between MS and Crohn's disease, sparking consideration why such difference should occur. With the increasing use of biological therapies in IBD and their reported propensity to cause demyelination, recognition of an association is all the more important.
Clinical and Laboratory Characterization of a Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium falciparum Strain Acquired in the Central African Republic (1987)

This case of chloroquine prophylaxis failure occurred in the Central African Republic, a country heretofore unaffected by chloroquine resistance. The clinical findings and chloroquine blood levels and blood smears confirmed prophylaxis failure. In vitro susceptibility testing demonstrated the parasite to be 3- to 4-fold more resistant than a susceptible reference clone.
Role-Based Access Controls (2009)

While Mandatory Access Controls (MAC) are appropriate for multilevel secure military applications, Discretionary Access Controls (DAC) are often perceived as meeting the security processing needs of industry and civilian government. This paper argues that reliance on DAC as the principal method of access control is unfounded and inappropriate for many commercial and civilian government organizations. The paper describes a type of non-discretionary access control - role-based access control (RBAC) - that is more central to the secure processing needs of non-military systems than DAC.
Novel high power distributed amplifiers (2002)

Two novel techniques for high-power GaAs distributed amplifiers in the 2-20-GHz frequency range are compared. The details of these circuits are discussed, and their performances are compared using SPICE-2. In this comparison, the factors degrading the gain and power performances of these amplifiers are taken into account. These approaches are more suitable for obtaining high-power at microwave frequencies using MIC or MMIC technology. In both cases GaAs FETs are used as the active elements. It is observed that the second configuration is more efficient in regard to the number of active devices used, and therefore the DC power, but because of practical consideration and the better match at the connecting point of the two parts, the first configuration can achieve more bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced Type Curve Analysis for Low Permeability Gas Reservoirs (1996)

Abstract This paper presents new performance type curves for hydraulically fractured wells. The new curves are similar to the Fetkovitch curves for decline curve analysis, but have been developed specifically for fractured wells with linear flow instead of conventional wells with radial flow. Hydraulically fractured wells exhibit different flow regimes than conventional wells, including a skin-dominated period during clean-up, bilinear flow, linear flow, pseudo-radial flow, and boundary- or interference-affected flow. The type curves were constructed in Laplace domain for constant reservoir properties, and were then inverted numerically. The effect of varying reservoir properties was incorporated using an average compressibility determined from material balance. The type curve methodology provides a new tool for the reservoir engineer to perform rapid analysis of reservoir properties (kh), fracture effectiveness (Xf), and well drainage area (A) for fractured wells. The impact of skin on performance is considered, along with the effect of reservoir geometry (alternative length-to-width ratios) that enable these type curves to be used on lenticular formations. The type curves also include variable compressibility and viscosity that are missing in prior work. More than 1000 tight gas wells in the Green River and Piceance basins have been analyzed using the type curves, and relevant examples from these two basins are presented.
Rapid detection of xenotransplanted human tissues using in situ hybridization. (1986)

A rapid and sensitive method for the identification of human tissues xenotransplanted in nude mice was developed. An in situ hybridization technique made it possible to distinguish between cells of human origin and cells of murine origin in formalin-fixed paraffin sections. High-molecular-weight DNAs extracted from human or mouse tissues were sonicated, nick-translated with 32P-dCTP, and used as hybridization probes. Dot blot hybridization of 32P-labeled probes revealed clear species-specific signals. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue samples from repopulated tracheal transplants, containing either human tracheal epithelial cells or human renal tubular cells, were used. Cells of human and murine origin were distinguishable by in situ hybridization with sonicated DNA probes. This method has several advantages; simple preparation of probes, high sensitivity, and applicability to formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections. In situ hybridization with sonicated DNA probes should provide a powerful tool for verifying the human origin of xenotransplanted tissues in nude mice.