gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal conductivity of sputtered oxide films (1995)

The thermal conductivity of oxide thin films deposited using dc, rf, and ion-beam sputtering is measured in the temperature range 80--400 K using the 3\ensuremath{\omega} method. Thermal conductivity data for amorphous thin films of ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ are nearly identical to bulk a-${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$. Data for amorphous ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, while having a magnitude and temperature dependence similar to bulk amorphous oxides, show a dependence on deposition method; rf sputtering of an ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ target produces films with a thermal conductivity 35% smaller than films prepared by ion-beam sputtering. Microcrystalline thin films show a rich variety of behavior: the conductivity of ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ films depends on the substrate tempreature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and approaches the thermal conductivity of bulk ${\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ ceramics when ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\simeq}400 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; ${\mathrm{HfO}}_{2}$ films show glasslike thermal conductivity independent of annealing temperature up to 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C; and MgO films display a crystalline thermal conductivity that is greatly reduced relative bulk values.
Hard X-ray delays (1986)

High time resolution hard X-ray rates with good counting statistics over 5 energy intervals were obtained using a large area balloon-borne scintillation detector during the 27 June 1980 solar flare. The impulsive phase of the flare was comprised of a series of major bursts of several to several tens of seconds long. Superimposed on these longer bursts are numerous smaller approximately 0.5 to 1.0 second spikes. The time profiles for different energies were cross-correlated for the major bursts. The rapid burst decay rates and the simultaneous peaks below 120 keV both indicate a rapid electron energy loss process. Thus, the flux profiles reflect the electron acceleration/injection process. The fast rate data was obtained by a burst memory in 8 and 32 msec resolution over the entire main impulsive phase. These rates will be cross-correlated to look for short time delays and to find rapid fluctuations. However, a cursory examination shows that almost all fluctuations, down to the 5% level, were resolved with 256 msec bins.
Activation of JAK2 in Human Vascular Endothelial Cells by Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (1997)

Besides the regulation of hematopoiesis, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)induces the expression of a functional program in endothelial cells (ECs) related to angiogenesis and to their survival in the bone marrow microenvironment. ECs express specific GM-CSF high-affinity binding sites, which mediate the proliferative and migratory response. We now report that ECs express the alpha and beta subunits of GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSFR), and that GM-CSF is able to activate the Janus kinase (JAK)2, a member of the cytosolic tyrosine kinase family, which is known to mediate signals of several non-tyrosine kinase receptors. JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation, as well as activation of its catalytic activity, is induced by subnanomolar concentrations of GM-CSF and occurs within 3 minutes of stimulation and persists at least for 10 minutes. The effect is specific as inferred by the lack of effect of heat-inactivated GM-CSF or neutralized by specific antibodies and by the finding that interleukin-5, which utilizes a specific alpha chain and the same beta chain of GM-CSFR, does not phosphorylate JAK2. Furthermore, we show that the amount of JAK2 physically associated with GM-CSFR beta chain is increased after GM-CSF stimulation and that GM-CSF triggers both beta chain and JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Taken together, these results suggest that biologic activities of GM-CSF in vascular endothelium may, in part, be elicited by GM-CSFR-mediated JAK2 activation.
Interrelationships among Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection, Bacterial Vaginosis, Trichomoniasis, and the Presence of Yeasts (2002)

Vaginal discharge of mixed etiology occurs frequently, with abnormal vaginal flora being the most common condition. The interrelationships among the disturbance of the vaginal ecology, the presence of yeasts, and infection with Trichomonas vaginalis and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were investigated among women presenting to a sexually transmitted diseases service. Analysis was done for 598 women. Although the prevalence of HIV-1 infection increased linearly with increasing Nugent's score (bacterial vaginosis score of Gram stain), the prevalence of T. vaginalis increased suddenly, from 12% in patients with a Nugent's score of < or =3 to 33% in patients with a score of 4, and remained at this level at higher scores. Yeast colonization and vulvovaginal candidiasis were inversely related to Nugent's scores. T. vaginalis might be responsible for the change in normal vaginal flora and may, therefore, be one of the causes of bacterial vaginosis. This could lead to more effective HIV-1 acquisition.
TGA/FT-IR Evolved Gas Analysis Using Target Factor Transformation (1989)

A series of spectra have been recorded during a varying evolution of gases from a thermogravimetric analyzer. The composition of the gas mixture has been analyzed by target factor transformation, in order to test whether this procedure will be able to identify the components without operator intervention. The major components evolved during the weight loss were identified, which demonstrates that this approach is valid.
A burst-mode optical receiver with high sensitivity using a PIN-PD for a 1.25 Gbit/s PON system (2005)

A 1.25-Gbit/s burst-mode optical receiver for access networks was developed. We devised transimpedance amplifier (TIA) and limiting amplifier (LIM) circuits using a PIN-PD instead of an APD, and the receiver exhibits high sensitivity of -30 dBm.
Laser ablation cleaning of an underwater archaeological bronze spectacle plate from the H.M.S. DeBraak shipwreck (2013)

Laser ablation was successfully used to sequentially remove layers of concretion and corrosion from the surface of a copper alloy spectacle plate from the shipwreck of His Majesty’s Sloop of War DeBraak. The H.M.S. DeBraak was a single-masted cutter that was originally a Dutch ship until it was taken by the British, refitted, and repurposed as a Royal Navy ship in 1796. The ship sank along the Delaware coast in 1798 and artifacts were recovered from the wreck site in 1984. This spectacle plate is an important part of the ships rudder and it is part of the collection of the Delaware Division of Historical and Cultural Affairs. The object was brought the Winterthur/University of Delaware Program in Art Conservation for treatment. The object was examined with cross section microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) as well as Back Scattered Electron (BSE) analysis with a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Interestingly, layers of both copper and iron corrosion products were identified within the concretion. A 1064nm Long Q-Switch (LQS) laser with 100ns pulses was tested along with a Short Free Running (SFR) with 60 - 130 microseconds pulses, at various fluences and frequencies, to determine optimal cleaning parameters for removing the concretion. Laser cleaning also revealed fragments of wood from the original rudder, which were previously trapped within the concretion. After laser cleaning, the spectacle plate was treated with 3% Benzotriazole in ethanol and then given a protective microcrystalline wax coating.
Thyroglobulin Type-1 Domains in Equistatin Inhibit Both Papain-like Cysteine Proteinases and Cathepsin D (1999)

Equistatin from sea anemone is a protein composed of three thyroglobulin-type 1 domains known to inhibit papain-like cysteine proteinases, papain, and cathepsins B and L. Limited proteolysis was used to dissect equistatin into a first domain, eq d-1, and a combined second and third domain, eq d-2,3. Only the N-terminal domain inhibits papain (Ki = 0.61 nM). Remarkably, equistatin also strongly inhibits cathepsin D with Ki = 0.3 nM but not other aspartic proteinases such as pepsin, chymosin, and HIV-PR. This activity resides on the eq d-2,3 domains (Ki = 0.4 nM). Papain and cathepsin D can be bound and inhibited simultaneously by equistatin at pH 4.5, confirming the physical separation of the two binding sites. Equistatin is the first inhibitor of animal origin known to inhibit cathepsin D. The obtained results demonstrate that the widely distributed thyroglobulin type-1 domains can support a variety of functions.
Terahertz pulsed imaging of basal cell carcinoma ex vivo and in vivo (2004)

This study has confirmed the potential of TPI to identify the extent of BCC in vivo and to delineate tumour margins. Further clinical study of TPI as a surgical tool is now required.
Aspartate 205 in the Catalytic Domain of Naphthalene Dioxygenase Is Essential for Activity (1999)

The naphthalene dioxygenase enzyme system carries out the first step in the aerobic degradation of naphthalene by Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. The crystal structure of naphthalene dioxygenase (B. Kauppi, K. Lee, E. Carredano, R. E. Parales, D. T. Gibson, H. Eklund, and S. Ramaswamy, Structure 6:571-586, 1998) indicates that aspartate 205 may provide the most direct route of electron transfer between the Rieske [2Fe-2S] center of one alpha subunit and mononuclear iron in the adjacent alpha subunit. In this study, we constructed four site-directed mutations that changed aspartate 205 to alanine, glutamate, asparagine, or glutamine to test whether this residue is essential for naphthalene dioxygenase activity. The mutant proteins were very inefficient in oxidizing naphthalene to cis-naphthalene dihydrodiol, and oxygen uptake in the presence of naphthalene was below detectable levels. The purified mutant protein with glutamine in place of aspartate 205 had identical spectral properties to wild-type naphthalene dioxygenase and was reduced by NADH in the presence of catalytic amounts of ferredoxinNAP and reductaseNAP. Benzene, an effective uncoupler of oxygen consumption in purified naphthalene dioxygenase, did not elicit oxygen uptake by the mutant protein. These results indicate that electron transfer from NADH to the Rieske center in the mutant oxygenase is intact, a finding consistent with the proposal that aspartate 205 is a necessary residue in the major pathway of electron transfer to mononuclear iron at the active site.
An Enhanced Sensor Scheduling Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

An important design challenge in wireless sensor network application development is to provide appropriate middleware service protocols to control the energy consumption according to specific application scenarios. In common application scenarios such as in surveillance systems, it is usually necessary to extend the system monitoring area as large as possible to cover the maximal area. The two issues of power conservation and maximizing the coverage area have to be considered together with both the sensors' communication connectivity and their power management strategy. In this work, we proposed an enhanced sensor scheduling protocol to address the application scenario of typical surveillance systems. Our protocol takes into consideration of both power conservation and coverage ratio to search for the balance between the different requirements. We proposed both centralized and de-centralized versions of sensor scheduling protocol, and compared the performance of different protocols using several metrics. The results provide evidence of the advantages of the proposed protocol compared with existing sensor scheduling protocols.
Shape Memory Alloys (1988)

This article reviews published data on the mechanical properties of additively manufactured metallic materials. The additive manufacturing techniques utilized to generate samples covered in this review include powder bed fusion (e.g., EBM, SLM, DMLS) and ...Read More
A new technique for radiation shielding in superficial X-ray therapy (1981)

Lesions within the first few millimetres of the skin, such as basal-cell carcinoma, squamous-cell carcinoma and keloids, are commonly treated using X rays generated between 50 and 150 kV. The size and shape of such lesions are seldom identical with the applicators of the treatment unit and therefore it is necessary to shield uninvolved tissue. When the area to be treated is reasonably flat the shielding can be readily cut from lead sheet backed with a thin layer of wax to absorb secondary electrons. However, if the body contour changes rapidly near the lesion, for example in some parts of the face, this method is not suitable. In these circumstances the well-established method in use in many hospitals is to make a plaster of-paris cast of the patient's face and beat a 1 or 2 mm thick lead sheet onto this cast until it fits (Fig. 1a). The area to be treated is cut out of the lead mask and the remainder coated in a suitable lacquer. Unfortunately, shaping lead in this way causes a considerable reduction in thickness at points of sharp concave curvature, for example the inner canthus. This necessitates placing additional lead at such points. Furthermore, the whole process of shaping the lead face shield is very time-consuming, taking some 6–7 hours. To overcome these disadvantages a technique using low-melting-point alloys has been devised.
Normalized Gradient Descent for Variational Quantum Algorithms (2021)

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) are promising methods that leverage noisy quantum computers and classical computing techniques for practical applications. In VQAs, the classical optimizers such as gradient-based optimizers are utilized to adjust the parameters of the quantum circuit so that the objective function is minimized. However, they often suffer from the so-called vanishing gradient or barren plateau issue. On the other hand, the normalized gradient descent (NGD) method, which employs the normalized gradient vector to update the parameters, has been successfully utilized in several optimization problems. Here, we study the performance of the NGD methods in the optimization of VQAs for the first time. Our goal is two-fold. The first is to examine the effectiveness of NGD and its variants for overcoming the vanishing gradient problems. The second is to propose a new NGD that can attain the faster convergence than the ordinary NGD. We performed numerical simulations of these gradient-based optimizers in the context of quantum chemistry where VQAs are used to find the ground state of a given Hamiltonian. The results show the effective convergence property of the NGD methods in VQAs, compared to the relevant optimizers without normalization. Moreover, we make use of some normalized gradient vectors at the past iteration steps to propose the novel historical NGD that has a theoretical guarantee to accelerate the convergence speed, which is observed in the numerical experiments as well.
Grating-lobe suppression in phased arrays by subarray rotation (1978)

A method of suppressing grating lobes in a uniform planar array is presented. In this method, the array is divided into equal sub-arrays which are physically rotated with respect to each other by specified angles. As a result, the grating lobes, which remain at the same angular distance from the main beam, are multiplied in number by the number of subarrays while their amplitude is divided by the same number. Spacing within each subarray still remains uniform. Only at the subarray boundaries do different spacings occur.
Bayesian Phylogenetics with BEAUti and the BEAST 1.7 (2012)

Computational evolutionary biology, statistical phylogenetics and coalescent-based population genetics are becoming increasingly central to the analysis and understanding of molecular sequence data. We present the Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis by Sampling Trees (BEAST) software package version 1.7, which implements a family of Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms for Bayesian phylogenetic inference, divergence time dating, coalescent analysis, phylogeography and related molecular evolutionary analyses. This package includes an enhanced graphical user interface program called Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Utility (BEAUti) that enables access to advanced models for molecular sequence and phenotypic trait evolution that were previously available to developers only. The package also provides new tools for visualizing and summarizing multispecies coalescent and phylogeographic analyses. BEAUti and BEAST 1.7 are open source under the GNU lesser general public license and available at http://beast-mcmc.googlecode.com and http://beast.bio.ed.ac.uk.
Use of UV Absorbance To Monitor Furans in Dilute Acid Hydrolysates of Biomass (2000)

A simple method based on UV spectra was developed for the estimation of total furans (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural) in hemicellulose hydrolysates. UV spectra of hemicellulose hydrolysate contained a single dominant peak at around 278 nm. Approximately two-thirds of this peak can be attributed to furan absorbance (furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural). At 284 nm, both furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural have equal absorbance on a weight basis. A comparison of HPLC determinations for different samples of hydrolysate was used to develop a simple equation that allows the accurate prediction of total furans based on the difference in absorbance at 284 and 320 nm. This method may prove useful for quality control applications during the production of biomass syrups using a dilute acid hydrolysis process and during treatments for the amelioration of toxins. Although furans represent only a portion of the toxins present in hemicellulose hydrolysates, the abundance of furans appears to serve as a useful marker to predict relative toxicity.
UMTS bearer performance in the presence of the synchronisation channel (2003)

The paper considers the impact of the UMTS synchronisation channel (SCH) on bearer performance. The SCH is described, and it is shown that it has significantly different characteristics from other interference and noise sources. For this reason, it is important to understand whether it can be generally modelled in a simple way, e.g. by using its average received power. In reality, it is found that this is not the case, and that the performance degrades when the SCH is present for the same average level of E/sub b//N/sub t/. This shows that the coding/interleaving schemes used are not sufficient to average the temporally selective interference. In particular, it is found that convolutionally coded bearers show higher sensitivity than turbo coded ones, resulting in an increase in the E/sub b//N/sub t/ targets set by the outer loop. A basic analysis indicates that the resulting system capacity loss is not significant. However, a full evaluation of this effect is going to require a more complex analysis based on system simulation.
CW and Q-switched Ho:YAG pumped by Tm:YALO (1998)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. A. Budni, L. A. Pomeranz, C. A. Miller, B. K. Dygan, M. L. Lemons, and E. P. Chicklis, "CW and Q-switched Ho:YAG pumped by Tm:YALO," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, W. Bosenberg and M. Fejer, eds., Vol. 19 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1998), paper ML4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of Porosity, Thickness and Tortuosity on Capacity Fade of Anode (2015)

The graphite anode in lithium-ion batteries is vulnerable to capacity fade due to several mechanisms. Advancement in understanding of such capacity fade mechanisms has paved the way for selecting design parameters that consider these effects. This paper shows the effect of porosity, thickness, and tortuosity of the anode on capacity fade mechanisms. Three main capacity fade mechanisms are analyzed in this paper: (1) solid electrolyte interface (SEI) side reaction, (2) lithium plating side reactions and (3) mechanical degradation due to intercalation induced stresses. Moreover, for a given thickness and porosity of anode, the effect of porosity variation on capacity fade mechanisms is also presented.
Innovative SU-8 Lithography Techniques and Their Applications (2014)

SU-8 has been widely used in a variety of applications for creating structures in micro-scale as well as sub-micron scales for more than 15 years. One of the most common structures made of SU-8 is tall (up to millimeters) high-aspect-ratio (up to 100:1) 3D microstructure, which is far better than that made of any other photoresists. There has been a great deal of efforts in developing innovative unconventional lithography techniques to fully utilize the thick high aspect ratio nature of the SU-8 photoresist. Those unconventional lithography techniques include inclined ultraviolet (UV) exposure, back-side UV exposure, drawing lithography, and moving-mask UV lithography. In addition, since SU-8 is a negative-tone photoresist, it has been a popular choice of material for multiple-photon interference lithography for the periodic structure in scales down to deep sub-microns such as photonic crystals. These innovative lithography techniques for SU-8 have led to a lot of unprecedented capabilities for creating unique micro- and nano-structures. This paper reviews such innovative lithography techniques developed in the past 15 years or so.
Reduction of Benzoquinones to Hydroquinones via Spontaneous Reaction with Glutathione and Enzymatic Reaction by<i>S</i>-Glutathionyl-Hydroquinone Reductases (2012)

S-Glutathionyl-hydroquinone reductases (GS-HQRs) are a new class of glutathione transferases, widely present in bacteria, halobacteria, fungi, and plants. They catalyze glutathione (GSH)-dependent reduction of GS-trichloro-p-hydroquinone to trichloro-p-hydroquinone. Since GS-trichloro-p-hydroquinone is uncommon in nature, the extensive presence of GS-HQRs suggests they use common GS-hydroquinones. Here we demonstrate that several benzoquinones spontaneously reacted with GSH to form GS-hydroquinones via Michael addition, and four GS-HQRs from yeast and bacteria reduced the GS-hydroquinones to the corresponding hydroquinones. The spontaneous and enzymatic reactions led to the reduction of benzoquinones to hydroquinones with the concomitant oxidation of GSH to oxidized glutathione (GS-SG). The enzymes did not use GS-benzoquinones or other thiol-hydroquinones, for example, S-cysteinyl-hydroquinone, as substrates. Apparent kinetic parameters showed the enzymes preferred hydrophobic, bulky substrates, such as GS-menadiol. The broad substrate range and their wide distribution suggest two potential physiological roles: channeling GS-hydroquinones back to hydroquinones and reducing benzoquinones via spontaneous formation of GS-hydroquinones and then enzymatic reduction to hydroquinones. The functions are likely important in metabolic pathways with quinone intermediates.
FLUVASTATIN IN COMBINATION WITH RAD SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCES GRAFT VASCULAR DISEASE IN RAT CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS1 (2001)

Fluvastatin significantly decreased GVD in a rat model produced using low-dose RAD immunosuppression. To a lesser extent, pravastatin also decreased GVD in this model. These data lend further support for the study of fluvastatin, pravastatin, and other HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors for the prevention of GVD in cardiac transplant patients.