gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
56.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Manufacturing Issues for Oxide TFT Technologies for Large‐Sized AMOLED Displays (2012)

Abstract In recent years, much effort has been devoted to the development of the oxide TFT technologies to achieve low cost, large size, high specification displays. Since many solutions have been proposed to the subject about the most serious reliability issue as R&D, the development activities have turned into the production technology development as a following step. In this paper, the state of the oxide TFT developments for the manufacturing of AM‐OLED displays and the mass‐production‐related issues will be discussed.
Performance simulation and control design for diesel engine NOX emission reduction technologies (2011)

Fuel efficiency and emission reductions are the two consistent drivers for internal combustion engine development for both on-highway and off-road vehicles. Advanced combustion technologies are proposed for the improvement of fuel consumption and reduction of harmful gas production inside the cylinder in laboratory engines. Outside cylinder technologies and after-treatment are the alternatives for a production engine to meet the stringent emission standards. Advanced control technologies play important roles in the realization of new technologies. This research was aimed at investigating possible techniques and feasible methods of implementation to reduce diesel engine emissions to meet the more stringent Tier 4 standards. In this study, two technologies are studied for off-road diesel engine NOx emission reductions: stoichiometric combustion ignition (SCI) and lean NOx trap (LNT). \nThe concept of the stoichiometric compression ignition (SCI) engine was investigated for implementation in a turbocharged diesel engine through co-simulation. At first, an integrated environment for 1D engine modeling with control function was proposed for a SCI performance evaluation and control implementation. The SCI engine has been evaluated by Constant Speed Load Acceptance tests under steady-state and transient conditions. For SCI implementations, basic controls have been designed including air-fuel ratio (AFR) control, torque limiting control and idle speed control. The proposed control strategies have been verified with 1D detail models in the integrated environments. Further, the Mean Value Engine Model (MVEM) is proposed for advanced model based control design. The SCI engine subsystems are modeled using an orifice constrain model for throttle, turbine, and wastegate; filling and emptying model for intake and exhaust manifolds; rotational dynamic for engine camshaft and turbocharger shift, air-charging model and exhaust properties regressed by the data from integrated simulation at different engine operating conditions. The MVEM was implemented in Matlab/Simulink for verification. Modular and system verification was conducted for steady-state and transient state consistency with the 1D detail model. The results are promising, but the whole system needs further tuning for dynamic control design. \nThe lean-NOx trap, as an alternative after-treatment for NOx control, has been studied for generic diesel engine emission control. Based on experimental data, an improved NOx adsorption model is proposed for integrated engine control and optimization.
Advancements in microfluidics for nanoparticle separation (2016)

Nanoparticles have been widely implemented for healthcare and nanoscience industrial applications. Thus, efficient and effective nanoparticle separation methods are essential for advancement in these fields. However, current technologies for separation, such as ultracentrifugation, electrophoresis, filtration, chromatography, and selective precipitation, are not continuous and require multiple preparation steps and a minimum sample volume. Microfluidics has offered a relatively simple, low-cost, and continuous particle separation approach, and has been well-established for micron-sized particle sorting. Here, we review the recent advances in nanoparticle separation using microfluidic devices, focusing on its techniques, its advantages over conventional methods, and its potential applications, as well as foreseeable challenges in the separation of synthetic nanoparticles and biological molecules, especially DNA, proteins, viruses, and exosomes.
Development of Saturated Iron Core HTS Fault Current Limiters (2007)

We have been carrying out a saturable iron core reactive type superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) development program since 2002. The major two disadvantages that people used to be foretold for a saturable iron core reactive type SFCL are the massive use of iron (resulting in large size, heavy weight, and high cost) and the high induced voltage hazard to the dc superconducting coil (this may damage the current supply of the dc bias) as a fault takes place. We have found the ways to deal with these two problems, making such kind of equipment reliable and cost effective. In this paper, we will report the technical data and testing results of a 3 phase lab testing model. Some key design parameters of the 35 kV/100 MVA prototype will also be presented.
Prednisone Response Is the Strongest Predictor of Treatment Outcome in Infant Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1999)

To define prognostic factors in infant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the outcome of 106 infants (age </=12 months) during 3 consecutive multicenter trials of the Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster group (ALL-BFM 83, 86, and 90) was retrospectively analyzed according to presenting features and early in vivo response to prednisone. The prednisone response was defined as the cytoreduction (number of blood blasts per microliter at day 8) to a 7-day prednisone prephase and 1 intrathecal dose of methotrexate on day 1. Prednisone good responder (PGR; <1,000 blasts/microL) received conventional therapy and prednisone poor responder (PPR; >/=1,000 blasts/microL) received intensified therapy. Infant ALL was characterized by a high incidence of a white blood cell count greater than 100 x 10(3)/microL (57%), central nervous system leukemia (24%), lack of CD10 expression (59%), 11q23 rearrangement (49%) including the translocation t(4;11) (29%), and a comparatively high proportion of PPR (26%), which were all significantly associated with inferior outcome by univariate analysis. The estimated probability for an event-free survival at 6 years (pEFS) was by far better for PGR compared with PPR, who had a dismal prognosis despite intensified treatment (pEFS, 53% +/- 6% v 15% +/- 7%, P =.0001). Infant PGR, who were less than 6 months of age (n = 40), lacked CD10 expression (n = 43), and/or had an 11q23 rearrangement (n = 17) fared significantly better compared with corresponding PPR, as indicated by a pEFS of 44% +/- 8%, 49% +/- 8%, and 41% +/- 12%, respectively. In multivariate analysis, PPR was the strongest adverse prognostic factor (relative risk, 3.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.9 to 5.8; P <.0001). Infants with PGR, comprising a major subgroup (74%) among infants, might successfully be treated with conventional therapy, whereas PPR require new therapeutic strategies, including early treatment intensification or bone marrow transplantation in first remission.
11.7 A Voltage-Tolerant Three-Level Buck-Boost DC-DC Converter with Continuous Transfer Current and Flying Capacitor Soft Charger Achieving 96.8% Power Efficiency and 0.87µs/V DVS Rate (2020)

In recent years, buck-boost converters have been widely utilized for battery-powered mobile systems such as RF power amplifiers, battery chargers, and LED drivers. However, in a wide battery voltage range, they face challenges including dynamic voltage scaling (DVS), wide load current range, and dynamic line/load transients while ensuring reliability for an industrial usage. To resolve these issues, the conventional buck-boost (CBB) converter should overcome the characteristic of discontinuity in the output transfer current (OTC) which causes degradation of loop dynamics and transient response. Several past works with continuous OTC have been proposed to resolve these problems, but their voltage conversion ratios are limited [1], [2]. Moreover, in [3], [4], a high-voltage (HV) process, which necessitates large active area and incurs high fabrication cost, is required to withstand voltage stresses over 10V (2×V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> ) applied across power switches. To overcome the above challenges, this paper proposes a voltage-tolerant three-level buck-boost (TLBB) converter. The TLBB has continuous OTC and uses only normal 5V CMOS devices for its switches. In addition, a voltage-tolerant dual channel-interleaved three-level buck-boost (DTLBB) converter is suggested for applications [5] requiring a wide range of load current and high conversion ratio while supporting fast DVS transition.
Photocrosslinkable, biodegradable hydrogels with controlled cell adhesivity for prolonged siRNA delivery to hMSCs to enhance their osteogenic differentiation (2016)

Correction for 'Photocrosslinkable, biodegradable hydrogels with controlled cell adhesivity for prolonged siRNA delivery to hMSCs to enhance their osteogenic differentiation' by Minh Khanh Nguyen et al., J. Mater. Chem. B, 2017, 5, 485-495.
Untersuchung chromatographischer Racemattrennungen, VI. Polymere Aminosäurederivate als optisch aktive Adsorbentien (1976)

Abstract Die Polyacrylamide 3a – h , 5a – d und 6a , b die Polymethacrylamide 8a – c und der Polyacrylsäureester 6f wurden aus optisch aktiven Aminosäurederivaten hergestellt und auf ihre Trennwirkung durch Chromatographie racem. Mandelsäure sowie racem. Mandelamids geprüft. Die beste Trennung der Enantiomeren beider Racemate wurde an den Phenylalaninderivaten 3e und 5a beobachtet.
The VG/GA strain of Newcastle disease virus: mucosal immunity, protection against lethal challenge and molecular analysis (2008)

The Villegas-Glisson/University of Georgia (VG/GA) strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolated from the intestine of healthy turkeys has been proposed to replicate in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens. In the present study, the virus distribution, the mucosal and systemic immune response, the efficacy against lethal challenge and the full genome sequence of the VG/GA strain were compared with the La Sota strain of NDV. The VG/GA strain was detected at different time points in the respiratory and intestinal tract of chickens with a preferential tropism for the latter. Both the VG/GA and La Sota strains induced NDV-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) at the upper respiratory tract. IgA levels were higher in the trachea for the La Sota strain, while they were higher in the bile and intestine for the VG/GA strain. Positive correlation between virus distribution of the viruses and IgA production was observed. Despite the presence of the maternal antibodies in broilers, early vaccination with the VG/GA strain afforded 95% to 100% protection against lethal challenge, equivalent to the protection conferred by the La Sota strain. Full genome sequence analysis classified the VG/GA strain within class II, genotype II viruses, which also include most of the respirotropic vaccine strains. Differences with the La Sota strain at the nucleotide and amino acid levels that may explain the differential phenotype of the VG/GA were observed; however, verification of the significance of those changes is required. Taken together, these results validate field observations on the efficacy of VG/GA vaccination and demonstrated the unique characteristics of the strain.
Down-regulation of c-FLIP, XIAP and Mcl-1 protein as well as depletion of reduced glutathione contribute to the apoptosis induction of glycyrrhenitic acid derivatives in leukemia cells (2010)

The antiproliferative effects and apoptosis inducing abilities of four 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) derivatives, methyl 2-cyano-3,11-dioxooleana-1,12-dien-30-oate (CDODO-Me-11), methyl 2-cyano-3,12-dioxooleana-1,12-dien-30-oate (CDODO-Me-12) and their non-esters were investigated in human leukemia cells. Methyl esterification and switching a keto group from position C(11) to C(12) significantly increased the antiproliferative effects. CDODO-Me-11 and CDODO-Me-12 were 10-fold more potent than their non-esters, respectively. CDODO-Me-12 was 10-fold more effective than CDODO-Me-11 in inducing apoptosis which was correlated with the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-9. Western blot analyses revealed that CDODO-Me-12 and CDODO-Me-11 downregulated the levels of anti-apoptosis proteins, c-FLIP, XIAP and Mcl-1, without altering the protein levels of Bcl-2 and the death receptors DR4 and DR5. Both agents decreased the levels of the mitochondrial membrane potential without altering the intracellular H(2)O(2) levels. Jurkat cells without expression of caspase-8 were not sensitive to CDODO-Me-12, but were somewhat responsive to CDODO-Me-11. K562 cells with higher intracellular reduced glutathione (GSH ) levels were less responsive to CDODO-Me-12 apoptosis induction than U937 cells even though both cell lines were equally sensitive to CDODO-Me-11 apoptosis induction. Both agents depleted intracellular GSH levels and exogenous GSH reversed apoptosis induction by either agent in HL-60 cells. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated apoptosis induction by CDODO-Me-12, but only weakly, that by CDODO-Me-11. UV spectrophotometric analysis revealed that both agents interacted with GSH while only CDODO-Me-12 had high reactivity with NAC. These data suggest that both agents induce apoptosis requiring to bind to functional proteins with thiol groups and that GSH may play a protective role by forming inactive adducts with them.
Toward Causal Inference With Interference (2008)

A fundamental assumption usually made in causal inference is that of no interference between individuals (or units); that is, the potential outcomes of one individual are assumed to be unaffected by the treatment assignment of other individuals. However, in many settings, this assumption obviously does not hold. For example, in the dependent happenings of infectious diseases, whether one person becomes infected depends on who else in the population is vaccinated. In this article, we consider a population of groups of individuals where interference is possible between individuals within the same group. We propose estimands for direct, indirect, total, and overall causal effects of treatment strategies in this setting. Relations among the estimands are established; for example, the total causal effect is shown to equal the sum of direct and indirect causal effects. Using an experimental design with a two-stage randomization procedure (first at the group level, then at the individual level within groups), unbiased estimators of the proposed estimands are presented. Variances of the estimators are also developed. The methodology is illustrated in two different settings where interference is likely: assessing causal effects of housing vouchers and of vaccines.
The effect of azacitidine on interleukin-6 signaling and nuclear factor- B activation and its in vitro and in vivo activity against multiple myeloma (2008)

Azacitidine rapidly induces apoptosis of multiple myeloma cells, is effective in vivo against multiple myeloma and inhibits two crucial cell survival pathways in this disease. We conclude that azacitidine demonstrates novel and highly relevant anti-myeloma effects and warrants further evaluation in a clinical context.
Domain Organization and Active Site Architecture of a Polyketide Synthase<i>C</i>-methyltransferase (2016)

Polyketide metabolites produced by modular type I polyketide synthases (PKS) acquire their chemical diversity through the variety of catalytic domains within modules of the pathway. Methyltransferases are among the least characterized of the catalytic domains common to PKS systems. We determined the domain boundaries and characterized the activity of a PKS C-methyltransferase (C-MT) from the curacin A biosynthetic pathway. The C-MT catalyzes S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyl transfer to the α-position of β-ketoacyl substrates linked to acyl carrier protein (ACP) or a small-molecule analog but does not act on β-hydroxyacyl substrates or malonyl-ACP. Key catalytic residues conserved in both bacterial and fungal PKS C-MTs were identified in a 2 Å crystal structure and validated biochemically. Analysis of the structure and the sequences bordering the C-MT provides insight into the positioning of this domain within complete PKS modules.
How does curcumin work with poor bioavailability? Clues from experimental and theoretical studies (2016)

Curcumin is a natural product with multiple biological activities and numerous potential therapeutic applications. However, its poor systemic bioavailability fails to explain the potent pharmacological effects and hinders its clinical application. Using experimental and theoretical approaches, we compared curcumin and its degradation products for its biological activities against Alzheimer's disease (AD), including the superoxide anion radical (O2(.-))-scavenging activity, Aβ fibrils (fAβ) formation-inhibiting activity, and enzymatic inhibition activity. We showed that compared to the parent compound curcumin, the degradation products mixture possessed higher O2(.-)-scavenging activity and stronger inhibition against fAβ formation. The docking simulations revealed that the bioactive degradation products should make important contribution to the experimentally observed enzymatic inhibition activities of curcumin. Given that curcumin is readily degraded under physiological condition, our findings strongly suggested that the degradation products should make important contribution to the diverse biological activities of curcumin. Our novel findings not only provide novel insights into the complex pharmacology of curcumin due to its poor bioavailability, but also open new avenues for developing therapeutic applications of this natural product.
Functional Effects of TNF-α on a Human Follicular Dendritic Cell Line: Persistent NF-κB Activation and Sensitization for Fas-Mediated Apoptosis (2003)

Follicular dendritic cells (FDC) play crucial roles in germinal center (GC) formation and differentiation of GC B cells. FDC functions are influenced by cytokines produced in the GC. Among the GC cytokines, TNF is known to be essential for the formation and maintenance of the FDC network in the GC. We found that TNF is a mitogenic growth factor to an established FDC-like cell line, HK cells. Differing from most cell types which become desensitized to TNF action, HK cells exhibited persistent TNF signaling, as demonstrated by prolonged and biphasic NF-kappaB activation even after 3 days of TNF treatment. As a result, antiapoptotic genes including TNFR-associated factors 1 and 2, and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins 1 and 2 were persistently induced by TNF, leading to the protection against TNF-mediated cell death. However, TNF pretreatment enhanced Fas-mediated apoptosis by up-regulating surface Fas expression in an NF-kappaB-dependent pathway. During the GC responses, proliferation followed by FDC death has not been documented. However, our in vitro results suggest that FDCs proliferate in response to TNF, and die by Fas-mediated apoptosis whose susceptibility is enhanced by TNF, representing a mode of action for TNF in the maintenance of FDC networks by regulating the survival or death of FDC.
3D Frangi-based lung vessel enhancement filter penalizing airways (2013)

This paper describes a fully automatic simultaneous lung vessel and airway enhancement filter. The approach consists of a Frangi-based multiscale vessel enhancement filtering specifically designed for lung vessel and airway detection, where arteries and veins have high contrast with respect to the lung parenchyma, and airway walls are hollow tubular structures with a non negative response using the classical Frangi's filter. The features extracted from the Hessian matrix are used to detect centerlines and approximate walls of airways, decreasing the filter response in those areas by applying a penalty function to the vesselness measure. We validate the segmentation method in 20 CT scans with different pathological states within the VESSEL12 challenge framework. Results indicate that our approach obtains good results, decreasing the number of false positives in airway walls.
An anthropometric face model using variational techniques (1998)

We describe a system that automatically generates varied geometric models of human faces. A collection of random measurements of the face is generated according to anthropometric statistics for likely face measurements in a population. These measurements are then treated as constraints on a parameterized surface. Variational modeling is used to find a smooth surface that satisfies these constraints while using a prototype shape as a reference.
Strain-Dependent Differences in the Regulatory Roles of <i>sarA</i> and <i>agr</i> in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2002)

The accessory gene regulator (agr) and the staphylococcal accessory regulator (sar) are central regulatory elements that control the production of Staphylococcus aureus virulence factors. To date, the functions of these loci have been defined almost exclusively using RN6390, which is representative of the laboratory strain 8325-4. However, RN6390 was recently shown to have a mutation in rsbU that results in a phenotype resembling that of a sigB mutant (I. Kullik et al., J. Bacteriol. 180:4814-4820, 1998). For that reason, it remains unclear whether the regulatory events defined in RN6390 are representative of the events that take place in clinical isolates of S. aureus. To address this issue, we generated mutations in the sarA and agr loci of three laboratory strains (RN6390, Newman, and S6C) and four clinical isolates (UAMS-1, UAMS-601, DB, and SC-1). Mutation of sarA in the cna-positive strains UAMS-1 and UAMS-601 resulted in an increased capacity to bind collagen, while mutation of agr had little impact. Northern blot analysis confirmed that the increase in collagen binding was due to increased cna transcription. Without exception, mutation of sarA resulted in increased production of proteases and a decreased capacity to bind fibronectin. Mutation of agr had the opposite effect. Although mutation of sarA resulted in a slight reduction in fnbA transcription, changes in the ability to bind fibronectin appeared to be more directly correlated with changes in protease activity. Lipase production was reduced in both sarA and agr mutants. While mutation of sarA in RN6390 resulted in reduced hemolytic activity, it had the opposite effect in all other strains. There appeared to be reduced levels of the sarC transcript in RN6390, but there was no difference in the overall pattern of sar transcription or the production of SarA. Although mutation of sarA resulted in decreased RNAIII transcription, this effect was not evident under all growth conditions. Taken together, these results suggest that studies defining the regulatory roles of sarA and agr by using RN6390 are not always representative of the events that occur in clinical isolates of S. aureus.
CHRYSOTHAMNUS NAUSEOSUS SSP. IRIDIS (ASTERACEAE): A NEW ENDEMIC FROM UTAH (1981)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
An approach to associative retrieval through the theory of fuzzy sets (1976)

Abstract The theory of fuzzy sets is used to provide a rigorous formulation of the problem of associative retrieval. This formulation suggests the idea of using fuzzy clustering to organize data for retrieval.