gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-consistent theory of polydisperse entangled polymers: Linear viscoelasticity of binary blends (1988)

The effects of polydispersity on the linear viscoelastic properties of concentrated polymer solutions and melts are analyzed. Existing theories for the dynamics of linear polymers, based on the idea of each polymer confined in a fixed tube, are shown to be incapable of describing observed rheological response of polydisperse polymers. A model is proposed which, in a self-consistent manner, solves the many chain problem given the solution to the single chain problem. Two types of polymer relaxation are incorporated in the model. The first type is escape of a polymer from its tube by motion of the polymer itself. It includes all dynamic modes available to the single chain in a tube—those due to its reptation—as well as other modes, such as fluctuations in tube length. The second type is relaxation of a polymer chain by the motions of the surrounding polymers forming its tube (constraint release). The relaxation modulus is then the product of two functions μ(t) and R(t). μ(t) is the fraction of tube occupied at time t=0 that has not been evacuated at time t, thereby representing escape of the polymer from its tube (solution to the single chain problem). R(t) represents relaxation by the constraint release process, which is modeled by a Rouse chain with random bead mobilities. The probability distribution of these mobilities is determined, in a self-consistent way, from the disentanglement rates due to the tube evacuation processes of the surrounding chains. Thus R(t) is calculated from the spectrum of relaxation rates of the μ(t) processes for the surrounding chains. The predictions of the model with some single chain solutions μ(t) from the literature are compared with oscillatory shear data for binary blends of nearly monodisperse polybutadiene, in which both components are well entangled.
Combined immune checkpoint blockade as a therapeutic strategy for <i>BRCA1</i> -mutated breast cancer (2017)

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as a potent new class of anticancer therapy. They have changed the treatment landscape for a range of tumors, particularly those with a high mutational load. To date, however, modest results have been observed in breast cancer, where tumors are rarely hypermutated. Because <i>BRCA1</i>-associated tumors frequently exhibit a triple-negative phenotype with extensive lymphocyte infiltration, we explored their mutational load, immune profile, and response to checkpoint inhibition in a <i>Brca1</i>-deficient tumor model. <i>BRCA1</i>-mutated triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) exhibited an increased somatic mutational load and greater numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, with increased expression of immunomodulatory genes including <i>PDCD1</i> (<i>PD-1</i>) and <i>CTLA4</i>, when compared to TNBCs from <i>BRCA1</i>-wild-type patients. Cisplatin treatment combined with dual anti-programmed death-1 and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 therapy substantially augmented antitumor immunity in <i>Brca1</i>-deficient mice, resulting in an avid systemic and intratumoral immune response. This response involved enhanced dendritic cell activation, reduced suppressive FOXP3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells, and concomitant increase in the activation of tumor-infiltrating cytotoxic CD8<sup>+</sup> and CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells, characterized by the induction of polyfunctional cytokine-producing T cells. Dual (but not single) checkpoint blockade together with cisplatin profoundly attenuated the growth of <i>Brca1</i>-deficient tumors in vivo and improved survival. These findings provide a rationale for clinical studies of combined immune checkpoint blockade in <i>BRCA1</i>-associated TNBC.
Fabrication of Micro Structures using Thin Film Metallic Glass. Fabrication of Thin Film Metallic Glass and Micro-Forming using the Supercooled Liquid State. (2000)

This paper describes the fabrication process, internal stress relaxation and micro-forming of a thin film metallic glass (TFMG). Metallic glasses are kind of amorphous alloys having suitable characteristics for micro-mechanical systems as isotropic and homogeneous. Moreover metallic glasses softens in a certain temperature range called the supercooled liquid state, which makes metallic glasses easily formed into a three-dimensional shape. In this paper, Zr based TFMG was deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. The TFMG had the supercooled liquid state whose temperature width was 61K. Its physical properties such as density, corrosion resistance were measured as well. Micro-beams of TFMG were made by the rift off process. Although, the produced micro-beams buckled because of the internal stress by sputtering, this internal stress was relaxed by heating TFMG to the supercooled liquid state. Finally, TFMG micro beams were softened and micro-formed by heating it into the supercooled liquid state. The deformation mechanism was analyzed using a bimetal cantilever model and calculated results coincided with experimental ones.
Noninvasive surface imaging of breast cancer in humans using a hand-held optical imager (2015)

X-ray mammography, the current gold standard for breast cancer detection, has a 20% false-negative rate (cancer is undetected) and increases in younger women with denser breast tissue. Diffuse optical imaging (DOI) is a safe (nonionizing), and relatively inexpensive method for noninvasive imaging of breast cancer in human subjects (including dense breast tissues) by providing physiological information (e.g. oxy- and deoxy- hemoglobin concentration). At the Optical Imaging Laboratory, a hand-held optical imager has been developed which employs a breast contourable probe head to perform simultaneous illumination and detection of large surfaces towards near real-time imaging of human breast cancer. Gen-1 and gen-2 versions of the handheld optical imager have been developed and previously demonstrated imaging in tissue phantoms and healthy human subjects. Herein, the hand-held optical imagers are applied towards <i>in vivo</i> imaging of breast cancer subjects in an attempt to determine the ability of the imager to detect breast tumors. Five female human subjects (ages 51-74) diagnosed with breast cancer were imaged with the gen-1 optical imager prior to surgical intervention. One of the subjects was also imaged with the gen-2 optical imager. Both imagers use 785 nm laser diode sources and ICCD camera detectors to generate 2D surfaces maps of total hemoglobin absorption. The subjects lay in supine position and images were collected at various locations on both the ipsilateral (tumor-containing) and contralateral (non-tumor containing) breasts. The optical images (2D surface maps of optical absorption due to total hemoglobin concentration) show regions of higher intensity at the tumor location, which is indicative of increased vasculature and higher blood content due to the presence of the tumor. Additionally, a preliminary result indicates the potential to image lymphatic spread. This study demonstrates the potential of the hand-held optical devices to noninvasively image breast cancer in human subjects.
On the Translation of Chinese Political Vocabulary in Cross-Cultural Communication (2015)

Effective communication is more demanding as with China’s rapid economic and social development, and an increasing number of people are eager to know China more, especially in political system. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out in-depth study on how Chinese political documents and policies are effectively communicated in English within an international context. The appropriate translation of Chinese political words and documents is the first and most important step to understand Chinese politics. Although great achievements have been made in documentary translation from Chinese to English, potential problems still exist, affecting the understanding of foreign people without Chinese cultural background. The purpose of this paper is to identify an effective and appropriate translation strategy to enhance the effectiveness of political translation, especially in Chinese political words and phrases. This paper conducted an analysis of political vocabulary translation from descriptive translation perspective, and recommends a practical strategy to apply this theory into Chinese political vocabulary translation.
[International estimation of molecular target drug]. (2004)

Development of tumor molecular biology makes a lot of molecular target drugs. Now molecular target drugs get constant estimation, and development competition is globally hot. Even if they have promising data in preclinical studies, it is very difficult to prove survival benefits in phase III studies. We have to understand a characteristic of molecular target drug based on Translational Research. Translational Research is an extremely important breakthrough to molecular target drug development/clinical application.
Stereopecific polymerization of isoprene with alano‐derivatives and titanium compounds. III. Catalysts based on poly(N‐alkyliminoalanes) and TiCl<sub>4</sub> (1969)

Abstract The stereospecific polymerization of isoprene catalyzed by a new class of aluminum hydride derivatives and titanium tetrachloride is described. Such derivatives, the poly‐(iminoalanes), are characterized by a polymeric structure (HAlNR) n in which R is alkyl or phenyl group. Peculiar feature of this class of co‐catalysts is the ability to give pratically gel‐free isoprene polymers of high 1.4‐ cis content and having a considerably higher molecular weight than that obtained by other aluminum hydride based catalysts. The polymerization process is herein described taking in account reaction variables such as Al/Ti mole ratio, catalyst and monomer concentration and polymerization temperature.
Structure-Activity Relationships of Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioid Agonists and Antagonists (1995)

This paper surveys the relationships between the chemical structures and pharmacological activities of natural or semisynthetic 4,5a­ epoxymorphinans, synthetic morphinans and benzomorphans. Substitution . of the N-methyl group affords strong analgesics, opioid antagonists and mixed agonist-antagonists respectively. The role of opioid agonists and antagonists in the development of opioid receJ:>tor models is also discussed.
Pectin as an Emulsifying Agent (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPectin as an Emulsifying AgentHarry Lotzkar and W. Dayton MaclayCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1943, 35, 12, 1294–1297Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50408a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50408a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Enzymes in Modern Detergents (2005)

Huge amounts of alkaline enzymes are used in the detergent industry, and they have been widely incorporated into heavy-duty laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents. The alkaline enzymes used in modern detergents are protease, cellulase, α-amylase, lipase, and mannanase. In this chapter, methods for screening alkaline enzyme-producing alkaliphilic Bacillus strains, enzyme assays, purification, properties, and genetics of enzymes are described.
A Convenient Trifluoroacetylation of Arenes with 2-(Trifluoroacetoxy)pyridine (1990)

Abstract 2-(Trifluoroacetoxy)pyridine (TFAP) is useful for trifluoroacetylating arenes under the Friedel–Crafts conditions. Benzene, alkylbenzenes, naphthalene, and dibenzofuran have reacted with TFAP in the presence of aluminum chloride in dichloromethane to give the corresponding trifluoromethyl aryl ketones in good isolated yields.
p,p'-Biphenols (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTp,p'-BiphenolsAllan S. HayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 4, 1160–1161Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01256a098https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01256a098research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Sequence of Cleavage of Fibrinopeptides from Fibrinogen is Important for Protofibril Formation and Enhancement of Lateral Aggregation in Fibrin Clots (1993)

Thrombin cleaves A fibrinopeptides from fibrinogen faster than B; cleavage of the B fibrinopeptides has been associated with enhanced lateral aggregation in the fibrin clot. We show that protofibrils from soluble desA fibrin examined by electron microscopy appear to be more loosely organized than those from desAB fibrin. Protofibril lengths were measured from the micrographs; histograms of the distribution of protofibril sizes at different points in the lag period are different for the two species and indicate that the associations leading to oligomer formation are not random. A kinetic model for oligomer formation was developed to investigate the implications of these histograms for protofibril assembly; the model suggests that oligomer-oligomer reactions are important and that some reactions occur preferentially. The overall appearance of negatively contrasted clots made from fibrin monomer missing both fibrinopeptides was similar to that of clots from molecules missing only the A fibrinopeptide, in contrast to the large differences in clots produced by the action of the enzymes on fibrinogen. However, examination of the band patterns by electron microscopy reveals that fibers from desAB fibrin are less well ordered than those from desA fibrin and often aperiodic. In agreement with the electron microscope results, maximum turbidity values are similar for both types of clots, although the initial turbidity rise is more rapid for desAB soluble fibrin clots. If thrombin is added to desA soluble fibrin during the lag period, there is increased lateral aggregation of fibers observed by electron microscopy and the maximum turbidity is higher. These results indicate that there must be a delay in the cleavage of the B fibrinopeptides for the enhancement of lateral aggregation. Changes that occur upon fibrinopeptide B cleavage from molecules in a fiber, such as an increase in calcium ion binding or conformational changes, cause fibers to aggregate with each other or additional protofibrils to be added to a fiber. On the other hand, if these differences are present initially, as they are on soluble desAB fibrin, these results indicate that all steps occur more rapidly, producing relatively thin fibers that are not well ordered. In conclusion, the usual delay in fibrinopeptide B cleavage appears to be necessary both for normal protofibril and fiber assembly, so that the changes that accompany removal of these peptides preferentially affect lateral aggregation rather than earlier steps of fibrin clot assembly.
Spatially Fractionated GRID Radiation Treatment of Advanced Neck Disease Associated with Head and Neck Cancer (2006)

Advanced nodal disease associated with head and neck cancer warrants aggressive, often multi-modality therapy to maximize local-regional control. The expansion of a novel treatment paradigm developed by our institution includes the addition of a single-fraction of high dose spatially-fractionated radiation (GRID) to a conventional course of treatment. Between 1995 and 2002 a series of 27 patients (median age 65) with bulky N2-3 disease were treated. Median nodal tumor size was 7 cm. Two groups of patients were evaluated. Group 1 (N=14) patients received a median neck dose 69 Gy (range 54-79 Gy) plus GRID treatment. Group 2 (N=13) patients received a median neck dose of 59 Gy (range 54-72 Gy) plus GRID treatment followed by planned neck dissection. Patients were evaluated for local-regional control, pathological response, survival, and morbidity. Median time to follow-up for Group 1 was 10 months (range 3-44 months). Neck control was 93%. Disease specific survival was 50%. Morbidity was limited to soft-tissue related damage and was mild. Median time to follow-up for Group 2 was 38 months (range 5-116 months). Pathologic complete response rate was 85%. Overall neck control rate was 92%. Disease specific survival was 85%. Surgical morbidity was limited to three wound healing complications. GRID treatment may be safely added to conventional treatment management of locally advanced neck disease related to cancer with acceptable morbidity. It may improve pathologic complete response rates in those patients who undergo planned neck dissection, possibly leading to improved survival. In patients with inoperable bulky disease, addition of GRID enhances local-regional control.
Autologous graft-versus-host disease after denileukin diftitox and autologous stem cell transplantation for refractory T-cell lymphoma (2009)

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, causing significant morbidity and mortality. A similar autoimmune syndrome has been described af...
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria — Important or Not? (2000)

The introduction of quantitative urine cultures in the mid-1950s coincided with the introduction and widespread use of antimicrobial drugs. The first studies of quantitative urine bacteriology, in fact, included a diverse group of asymptomatic patients — medical outpatients, patients with diabetes, pregnant women, women with cystoceles, and patients with indwelling catheters.1 Widespread application of a standardized microbiologic definition of asymptomatic urinary infection (≥105 colony-forming units of an organism per milliliter in two consecutive urine specimens) revealed that positive urine cultures were common in the absence of symptoms. This was at a time when urinary infection was considered to be an . . .
Security in distributed metadata catalogues (2008)

Abstract Catalogue services provide the discovery and location mechanisms that allow users and applications to locate data on Grids. Replication is a highly desirable feature in these services, since it provides the scalability and reliability required on large data Grids and is the basis for federating catalogues from different organizations. Grid catalogues are often used to store sensitive data and must have access control mechanisms to protect their data. Replication has to take this security policy into account, making sure that replicated information cannot be abused but allowing some flexibility such as selective replication for the sites depending on the level of trust in them. In this paper we discuss the security requirements and implications of several replication scenarios for Grid catalogues based on experiences gained within the EGEE project. Using the security infrastructure of the EGEE Grid as a basis, we then propose a security architecture for replicated Grid catalogues, which, among other features, supports partial and total replication of the security mechanisms on the master. The implementation of this architecture in the AMGA metadata catalogue of the EGEE project is then described including the application to a complex scenario in a biomedical application. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional Regularized Least Squares Classi cation with Operator-valued\n Kernels (2013)

Although operator-valued kernels have recently received increasing interest\nin various machine learning and functional data analysis problems such as\nmulti-task learning or functional regression, little attention has been paid to\nthe understanding of their associated feature spaces. In this paper, we explore\nthe potential of adopting an operator-valued kernel feature space perspective\nfor the analysis of functional data. We then extend the Regularized Least\nSquares Classification (RLSC) algorithm to cover situations where there are\nmultiple functions per observation. Experiments on a sound recognition problem\nshow that the proposed method outperforms the classical RLSC algorithm.\n
Semi-Supervised Anomaly Detection for EEG Waveforms Using Deep Belief Nets (2010)

Clinical electroencephalography (EEG) is routinely used to monitor brain function in critically ill patients, and specific EEG waveforms are recognized by clinicians as signatures of abnormal brain. These pathologic EEG waveforms, once detected, often necessitate accute clinincal interventions, but these events are typically rare, highly variable between patients, and often hard to separate from background, making them difficult to reliably detect. We show that Deep Belief Nets (DBNs), a type of multi-layer generative neural network, can be used effectively for such EEG anomaly detection. We compare this technique to the state-of-the-art, a one-class Support Vector Machine (SVM), showing that the DBN outperforms the SVM by the F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> measure for our EEG dataset. We also show how the outputs of a DBN-based detector can be used to aid visualization of anomalies in large EEG data sets and propose a method for using DBNs to gain insight into which features of signals are characteristically anomalous. These findings show that Deep Belief Nets can facilitate human review of large amounts of clinical EEG as well as mining new EEG features that may be indicators of unusual activity.
Jacob Burckhardt, Considérations sur l'histoire du monde, version française de S. Stelling-Michaud, Paris, Alcan, 1938 (1939)

Wendel François. Jacob Burckhardt, Considérations sur l'histoire du monde, version française de S. Stelling-Michaud, Paris, Alcan, 1938. In: Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses, 19e année n°2,1939. p. 192.