gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD8+ T lymphocyte-derived chemokines and other HIV-suppressive factors: mini-review (1998)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) establishes a chronic active infection persisting for the entire lifetime of the host 1. A rapid decline of the immune function follows a long asymptomatic period that has been ascribed by some investigators to a latent phase in the HIV life-cycle. However, recent studies demonstrated that true virological latency never occurs during the natural history of HIV infection 2. The virus continues to replicate throughout the clinically asymptomatic stage, while the host immune system actively fights the infection. The result is a state of equilibrium that can last for several years until a progressive deterioration of the immune function leads to full-blown disease. This implies that the host immune system is able to mount an effective response against HIV, capable of suppressing viral replication following the acute primary infection and of keeping it under control during the asymptomatic period, but not strong enough to fully contain, nor to clear the infection. Considerable interest has been recently raised by the study of individuals who remain persistently healthy and seronegative despite repeated exposures to HIV, the so-called Exposed Uninfected (EU) 3, as well as of patients showing no signs of clinical and immunological progression after a decade or more of persistent infection (Long Term NonProgressors; LTNP) 4. Understanding the mechanisms of immune protection from or containment of HIV in these subjects may indeed permit the devising of novel therapeutic approaches aimed at exploiting or enhancing such natural defense systems. The classical immune mechanisms involved in the response to viral infection have been thoroughly studied in HIVinfected individuals. However, a clear-cut correlation between such markers and the course of HIV infection has been difficult to establish. A vigorous humoral response is typical of HIV-1 seropositive subjects, although it does not always lead to the production of neutralizing antibodies 5. Moreover, neutralizing antibodies were not consistently found to correlate with a good prognosis. High levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity (CTL) against various HIV proteins (including Env, Gag, RT, Nef and Vif) have been described in infected individuals 6. In many cases, the magnitude of this response is such that it can be detected in resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) 7. However, it is still debated whether such HIV-clearing activity, through the destruction of infected cells, plays a protective or rather a pathogenic role. An HIV-specific CTL activity has been reported also in EU and LTNP .
Serotonin 6 Receptor Polymorphism in Schizophrenia: Frequency, Age at Onset and Cognitive Function (2001)

The relative abundance of serotonin 6 receptor (5HT6) in some limbic regions and the high affinity of some antipsychotics for 5HT6 suggest that the 5HT6 gene might play a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic disorders. A recent study reported an association between a C267T polymorphism of the 5HT6 gene and schizophrenia. In order to test whether the 5HT6 gene plays a role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenic disorders, patients (n = 148) and control subjects (n = 160) were genotyped for 5HT6. We also investigated the relationship between genotypes and patients' age at onset and cognitive function in schizophrenic patients. Cognitive function in the patients was evaluated by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). The results demonstrated no significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies between controls and patients. In the patient group, age at onset and MMSE score did not differ significantly among the three 5HT6 genotpyes. The results of this study suggest that the 5HT6 C267T polymorphism plays no major role in susceptibility to the development of schizophrenia and is not related to cognitive impairment or age at onset in schizophrenic patients. Further studies of the relation between 5HT6 polymorphism and the symptoms and the therapeutic response in schizophrenic patients may help to elucidate the role of 5HT6 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Chemical protection against ionising radiation. (1961)

The mechanism of action of radioprotective agents is considered in relation to their chemical structure. The following types of compounds are considered: sulfhydryl compounds, nitriles, chelating agents, hydroxyl compounds, and anoxemic substances. Injection of 150 mg/kg cysteamine 1 min before x irradiation of mice with 750 to 800 r, delivered over a 26-sec period, prevented the death of 97% of the animals, compared with a mortality rate of 97% in uninjected controls. However, injection of cysteamine at the same dose 30 sec after irradiation had no protective effect. Three theories of the mechanism of action of radioprotectant agents are discussed: chemical protection as the result of tissue anoxia; protection of sulfhydryl groups by the formation of mixed disulfides; and neutralization of free radicals. It was concluded that the only logical explanation for the protectant action of substances such as cysteamine is that they somehow intervene in the physicochemical reactions that occur immediately after the absorption of radiation energy by tissue components. Several protectant mechanisms may be operative, but, it is suggested, the one involving free radicals is probably the most important. (TCO)
Twenty four hour manometric recording of colonic motor activity in healthy man. (1987)

The motor activity of the transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon was recorded for 24 hours in 14 healthy volunteers with a colonoscope positioned catheter. During the study the patients ate two 1000 kcal mixed meals and one continental breakfast. Colonic motor activity was low before meals and minimal during sleep; the motility index increased significantly after meals and at morning awakening. Most of the motor activity was represented by low amplitude contractions present singly or in bursts, which showed no recognisable pattern. All but two subjects also showed isolated high amplitude (up to 200 mmHg) contractions that propagated peristaltically over long distances at approximately 1 cm/sec. Most of these contractions occurred after morning awakening, and some in the late postprandial period, with a mean of 4.4/subject/24 h. The peristaltic contractions were often felt as an urge to defecate or preceded defecation, and could represent the manometric equivalent of the mass movements.
A PCM to PWM conversion stage resolution enhancement architecture (2005)

This paper proposes a method for increasing the resolution of digital-input pulse code modulation (PCM) to pulse width modulation (PWM) converters without increasing the maximum clock frequency of the system. The overall resolution increase is accomplished by means of a feed-forward path from an error generating stage to an N-bit multiplexer as a control signal. The input to the multiplexer is N sequentially delayed versions of the generated PWM signal, with each delay being an equal fraction of the sample period. The system output pulse edge is then no longer confined to the edge of the clock, but can now exist at any of the 1/N subdivisions through the choice of multiplexer input lines thus yielding an overall N times increase in perceived output resolution. The proposed system can be utilized for increasing the resolution of current designs or to decrease clock frequencies without sacrificing output resolution. The proposed system is extremely robust, in that any deviation from the desired single stage delay will be compensated by same delay occurring on the opposite pulse edge. This results in a shift of the overall pulse train which does not affect the duty cycle and therefore does not affect the signal. Simulations based on SIMULINK are used to verify the system architecture and the theory presented.
Synthesis and crystal structure of a novel calcium complex [Ca(NO_3)(Phen)_2(H_2O)_2](NO_3) (2006)

A novel calcium complex, [Ca(NO_3)(Phen)_2(H_2O)_2](NO_3) (Phen=phenanthroline) was synthesized and characterized by the element analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The title complex crystallizes in triclinic with space group P 1,a=0.75804(15) nm, b=0.94977(19) nm, c=1.7642(4) nm, α=75.19(3)°, β=82.69(3)°, γ=87.02(3)°. V=1.2178(5) nm~3, Z=2, R=0.0678, wR=0.1611. The calcium(II) atom is eight-coordinated by four nitrogen atoms from two different phenanthroline ligands, two oxygen atoms from nitrate anion and two coordinated water molecules, forming a distorted anti-quadrangular geometry. The nitrate group acts as counter anion. An extended 3-D supramolecular network is formed through hydrogen bonds and weak π-π stacking interactions.
Anti-CD8 impairs clearance of herpes simplex virus from the nervous system: implications for the fate of virally infected neurons. (1992)

The role of CD8+ T cells in resistance to herpes simplex virus (HSV) was examined. After cutaneous inoculation, HSV spreads to the peripheral nervous system (PNS) where it replicates in ganglionic neurons. In normal mice, replication of virus in the PNS was rapidly terminated and evidence of neuronal destruction, assessed by a quantitative histological assay, was sparse. Clearance of infectious virus was impaired, and a strikingly high proportion of ganglionic neurons was killed, in mice treated with an antibody that depleted them of CD8+ T cells. These results suggest that CD8+ T cells play an important role in maintaining the integrity of the sensory nervous system during primary infection with HSV. Therefore, viral epitopes recognized by CD8+ T cells and restricting class I major histocompatibility complex genes are, in principle, implicated as interacting genetic determinants of neurovirulence.
Role of Biofilms in Antimicrobial Resistance (2000)

Biofilms are formed by a spectrum of microorganisms, including pathogens, and provide a means for these organisms to protect themselves against antimicrobial agents. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this phenomenon of resistance within biofilms, including delayed penetration of the antimicrobial into the biofilm extracellular matrix, slowing of growth rate of organisms within the biofilm, or other physiologic changes brought about by interaction of the organisms with a surface. The practical implications of biofilm formation are that alternative control strategies must be devised both for testing the susceptibility of the organisms within the biofilm and treating the established biofilm to alter its structure. A number of testing protocols have been developed. Effective treatment strategies will incorporate antimicrobials or other agents that have been demonstrated to penetrate and kill biofilm organisms, or treatments that disrupt or target specific components of the biofilm matrix. A better understanding of the role of biofilms in infection and how in vivo biofilms respond to selected treatments requires more study.
Erythropoietin: Clinical Applications (1991)

The last few years have seen an enormous increase in our knowledge on the haematopoietic growth factor erythropoietin (Epo), firstly with its purification and determination of its primary amino acid sequence, and more recently with the isolation of the Epo gene and its expression in mammalian cell lines. This review article summarizes the crucial biological features of Epo and critically examines the main results obtained in clinical trials on humans.
New Electronic Funds Transfer Services over IP (2006)

This paper shows a complete description of a new EFT (electronic funds transfer) service over IP for the current payment terminals. These new EFT services carry all the electronic transactions from the POS (point of sale) terminals to the authorization centres (host) through an IP network with special TCP-X.25 gateways. These services establish a secure connection with the gateways to make the electronic transactions. This work presents two kind of solutions depending on the transmission technology used: GPRS (general packet radio service) or ADSL (asymmetric digital subscriber line). The security of the system has been the main objective of this investigation. This paper describes all the security algorithms implemented and it presents the results obtained in a real installation.
China - agricultural research review (2002)

The primary purpose of this report is to consolidate information on the agricultural research system. The report attempts to describe the agricultural research system as it currently exists, discuss successes and failures of previous reform efforts, review the framework proposed for the next reform steps and assess associated costs, and identify structural and financial options that might be elements of future reforms. In addition, the report identifies sub-sectors closely linked to agricultural research that must be reformed in parallel with agricultural research if agricultural research is to be successful.
A Comparison of Acarbose Versus Metformin as an Adjuvant Therapy in Sulfonylurea-Treated NIDDM Patients (1996)

Acarbose or metformin can be used as effective adjuvant therapies with a sulfonylurea agent in NIDDM patients who are poorly controlled with the sulfonylurea agent alone.
Meso-Disubstituted Anthracenes with Fluorine-Containing Groups: Synthesis, Light-Emitting Characteristics, and Photostability (2008)

Synthesis, photophysical properties, and photostability of 9,10-disubstituted anthracenes with fluorine-containing groups (FCG) are described. The values of phi(f) and lambda(em) greatly go up by the meso-substitution with FCG, and a nice corelationship between phi(f) and A(pi) (magnitude of pi conjugation length in the excited single state) is observed. The C6F5 group at the meso positions exhibits an excellent ability in the photostability as well as in the emission efficiency.
Purification and Properties of Wall-bound α-Glucosidase from Suspension-cultured Sugar-beet Cells (1993)

Wall bound α-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) has been solubilized from suspension-cultured sugar-beet cells with Sumyzyme C and Pectolyase Y-23 and purified by a procedure including fractionation with ammonium sulfate, Sephacry S-200 HR column chromatography, and CM-cellulose colum chromatography. The enzyme readily hydrolyzed maltose, nigerose, malto-oligosaccharides, and soluble starch, but hydrolyzde isomaotose more slowly. The enzyme hydrolyzed malto-oligosaccharides and soluble starch at a faster rate than maltose. The wall-bound α-glucosidase from sugar-beet cells is different from the enzymes extracted from the cells and seeds in substrate spesificity.
Growth hormone in growth hormone deficiency (2002)

Papers p 70

With the advent of an unlimited supply of recombinant DNA growth hormonesome 15 years ago endocrinologists and paediatricians hoped that the majorgoal in treating children with growth hormone deficiency—that is, a near normal adult height—would finally be achievable.

Carel and colleagues report in this issue the adult height after “long term” recombinant growth hormone treatment for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency.1 The investigators were able to analyse entry data on all French children with growth hormone deficiency whose treatment started between 1987 and 1992 and stopped in 1996 under the auspices of the French national programme, Association France Hypophyse. They then were able to record adult heights for 76% of these patients. Gain in height was on average a disappointing 1.1 (0.9 SD). Overall, the treatment of a child for about three years (certainly not “long term”) was associated with an estimated gain in height of only 4.2 cm. Faced with these unimpressive results, the authors conclude with understandably muted enthusiasm that (a) the effect of growth hormone is unclear in many patients treated for idiopathic isolated growth hormone deficiency and that many patients may have simple constitutional delay of growth and development, and (b) only patients with “severely and permanently” altered growth hormone secretion should be treated with growth hormone.

We have been treating growth hormone deficiency with growth hormone in children for over four decades.2 The paper by Carel et al would suggest that …
Octahedrality versus tetrahedrality in stoichiometric ceria nanoparticles (2012)

We predict that tetrahedral Ce(n)O(2n) nanoparticles <2 nm in size become more stable than those experimentally observed at larger sizes with truncated octahedral morphologies, based on global optimisation and density functional calculations.
Let's bring balance to health care (2002)

Consider implementing the balanced scorecard--a performance management method that allows you to view your work from four perspectives: customer, internal business, learning and growth, and financial.
Insights Into Crowding Effects on Protein Stability From a Coarse-Grained Model (2009)

Proteins aggregate and precipitate from high concentration solutions in a wide variety of problems of natural and technological interest. Consequently, there is a broad interest in developing new ways to model the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of protein stability in these crowded cellular or solution environments. We use a coarse-grained modeling approach to study the effects of different crowding agents on the conformational equilibria of proteins and the thermodynamic phase behavior of their solutions. At low to moderate protein concentrations, we find that crowding species can either stabilize or destabilize the native state, depending on the strength of their attractive interaction with the proteins. At high protein concentrations, crowders tend to stabilize the native state due to excluded volume effects, irrespective of the strength of the crowder-protein attraction. Crowding agents reduce the tendency of protein solutions to undergo a liquid-liquid phase separation driven by strong protein-protein attractions. The aforementioned equilibrium trends represent, to our knowledge, the first simulation predictions for how the properties of crowding species impact the global thermodynamic stability of proteins and their solutions.
Prognostic significance of postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels in patients with completely resected pathological-stage I non-small cell lung cancer (2013)

A high postoperative CEA level was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor in pathological-stage I NSCLC patients. Patients with high postoperative CEA levels may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
Bandwidth enhancement of waveguide-coupled photodetectors with inductive gain peaking (2012)

Silicon has recently attracted a great deal of interest as an economical platform for integrated photonics systems. Integrated photodetectors are a key component of such systems, and CMOS-compatible processes involving epitaxially grown germanium for photodetection have been demonstrated. Detector parasitic capacitance is a key limitation, which will likely worsen if techniques such as bump bonding are employed. Here we propose leveraging the complexity available in silicon photonics processes to compensate for this using a technique known as gain peaking. We predict that by simply including an inductor and capacitor in the photodetector circuit with the properly chosen values, detector bandwidths can be as much as doubled, with no undesired effects.
Primary Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcoma (1938)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1938Primary Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcoma E. King Morgan, and Charles M. Stone E. King MorganE. King Morgan More articles by this author , and Charles M. StoneCharles M. Stone More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)71835-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Primary Retroperitoneal Leiomyosarcoma." The Journal of Urology, 39(1), pp. 63–64 © 1938 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 39Issue 1January 1938Page: 63-64 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1938 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information E. King Morgan More articles by this author Charles M. Stone More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Cloning and sequencing of the genes involved in the conversion of 5-substituted hydantoins to the corresponding L-amino acids from the native plasmid of Pseudomonas sp. strain NS671 (1992)

Pseudomonas sp. strain NS671, which produces L-amino acids asymmetrically from the corresponding racemic 5-substituted hydantoins, harbored a plasmid of 172 kb. Curing experiments suggest that this plasmid, designated pHN671, is responsible for the conversion of 5-substituted hydantoins to their corresponding L-amino acids by strain NS671. DNA fragments containing the genes involved in this conversion were cloned from pHN671 in Escherichia coli by using pUC18 as a cloning vector. The smallest recombinant plasmid, designated pHPB12, contained a 7.5-kb insert DNA. The nucleotide sequence of the insert DNA was determined, and three closely spaced open reading frames predicted to encode peptides with molecular masses of 75.6, 64.9, and 45.7 kDa were found. These open reading frames were designated hyuA, hyuB, and hyuC, respectively. Cell extracts from E. coli carrying deletion derivatives of pHPB12 were analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and the gene products of hyuA, hyuB, and hyuC were identified. The functions of these gene products were also examined with the deletion derivatives. The results indicate that both hyuA and hyuB are involved in the conversions of D- and L-5-substituted hydantoins to corresponding N-carbamyl-D- and N-carbamyl-L-amino acids, respectively, and that hyuC is involved in the conversion of N-carbamyl-L-amino acids to L-amino acids.
High-Dimensional Gene Expression Profiling Studies in High and Low Responders to Primary Smallpox Vaccination (2012)

We identified novel and known immunity-related genes and pathways that may account for differences in immune response to smallpox vaccination.
Fiber-optic laser gyro with easily introduced phase-difference bias (1981)

An optical system for easy introduction of phase-difference bias to optimize the sensitivity of the fiber-optic laser gyro is proposed. The theory of using a laser diode has been considered, and the rotation detection experiment has been performed. The experimental setup consists of a 300-m long single-mode optical fiber, individual optical components, and a laser diode stabilized by a thermal controller and an optical isolator. Short-time resolution of the rotation rate better than 0.87 mrad/sec has been achieved with good linearity.