gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of extremely thermostable beta-mannanase, beta-mannosidase, and alpha-galactosidase from the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana 5068 (1997)

Thermostable and thermoactive beta-mannanase (1,4-beta-D-mannan mannanohydrolase [EC 3.2.1.78]), beta-mannosidase (beta-D-mannopyranoside hydrolase [EC 3.2.1.25]) and alpha-galactosidase (alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase [EC 3.2.1.22]) were purified to homogeneity from cell extracts and extracellular culture supernatants of the hyperthermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga neapolitana 5068 grown on guar gum-based media. The beta-mannanase was an extracellular monomeric enzyme with a molecular mass of 65 kDa. The optimal temperature for activity was 90 to 92 degrees C, with half-lives (t1/2) of 34 h at 85 degrees C, 13 h at 90 degrees C, and 35 min at 100 degrees C. The beta-mannosidase and alpha-galactosidase were found primarily in cell extracts. The beta-mannosidase was a homodimer consisting of approximately 100-kDa molecular mass subunits. The optimal temperature for activity was 87 degrees C, with t1/2 of 18 h at 85 degrees C, 42 min at 90 degrees C, and 2 min at 98 degrees C. The alpha-galactosidase was a 61-kDa monomeric enzyme with a temperature optimum of 100 to 103 degrees C and t1/2 of 9 h at 85 degrees C, 2 h at 90 degrees C, and 3 min at 100 degrees C. These enzymes represent the most thermostable and thermoactive versions of these types yet reported and probably act synergistically to hydrolyze extracellular galactomannans to monosaccharides by T. neapolitana for nutritional purposes. The significance of such substrates in geothermal environments remains to be seen.
A 500 MHz CMOS anti-alias filter using feed-forward op-amps with local common-mode feedback (2003)

A 500 MHz op-amp-RC filter in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process achieves an integrator signal swing of 1.73 V/sub pp/ for -40 dB THD and thermal noise of 18 nV//spl radic/Hz. A three-stage op-amp with two feed-forward paths and common-mode feedback local to each stage is used. The op-amp features 8 GHz unity-gain frequency and 40 dB gain at 500 MHz.
The amino-terminal 14 amino acids of v-src can functionally replace the extracellular and transmembrane domains of v-erbB. (1991)

The retroviral oncogene v-erbB encodes a truncated form of the receptor for epidermal growth factor, an integral membrane protein-tyrosine kinase. By contrast, the oncogene v-src encodes a protein-tyrosine kinase that is a peripheral membrane protein. The morphologies and spectra of cells transformed by these two oncogenes differ. In an effort to identify the functional determinant(s) of these differences, we constructed and tested first deletion mutants of v-erbB and then chimeras between v-src and v-erbB. As reported previously, the absence of any membrane anchorage eliminated transformation by v-erbB. Anchorage of the cytoplasmic kinase domain of v-erbB to membranes with amino-terminal portions of the v-src protein permitted transformation. The phenotype and spectrum of transformation were those expected for v-erbB rather than for v-src. The transforming chimeras lost their biological activity if the signal for myristylation at the amino terminus of v-src was compromised by mutation. Biochemical fractionations revealed a correlation between transforming activity and the association of chimeric gene products with the membrane fraction of the cell. For reasons not yet apparent, the combined presence of membrane anchorage domains of v-src, and the transmembrane domain of v-erbB in the same chimera typically (but not inevitably) impeded transformation. Our results suggest that the specificity of transformation by v-erbB resides in the selection of substrates by the cytoplasmic domain of the gene product. The protein retains access to those substrates even when anchored to the membrane in the manner of a peripheral rather than a transmembrane protein.
Lecture Notes on Fullerene Chemistry: A Handbook for Chemists (1999)

The fullerenes, hailed as one of the discoveries of the century, have created whole new fields of organic/organometallic chemistry and of physics. Together with the related nanotubes, they hold the promise of providing new materials with novel chemical and solid state properties. The cost of the basic fullerenes is now such that research into them is feasible for very many chemists. This book describes the fundamental aspects of fullerene chemistry. Following brief background on the discovery, basic fullerene nomenclature, and relevant properties (including those of endohedral fullerenes and nanotubes), there are chapters describing the rules governing the addition patterns, and each of the reaction types with representative examples. Leading references are given to key papers describing individual reactions and phenomena
Use of holmium laser for removal of an intraluminal ureteric suture (2004)

Foreign bodies placed into the ureter are uncommon. Unintentionally placed sutures may cause obstruction and stone formation. If not recognized, the patient may become symptomatic. A diagnosis of a suture in the ureter is best made and subsequently dealt with endoscopically. We report on laser ablation of the suture as a safe technique for its removal.
Eicar (5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide). A novel potent inhibitor of inosinate dehydrogenase activity and guanylate biosynthesis. (1993)

EICAR (5-ethynyl-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylimidazole-4-carboxamide) is a cytostatic agent that inhibits murine leukemia L1210 and human lymphocyte CEM cells at a 50% inhibitory concentration of 0.80-1.4 microM, respectively. EICAR causes a rapid and marked inhibition of inosinate (IMP) dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.205) activity in intact L1210 and CEM cells reflected by a concentration-dependent accumulation of IMP and depletion of GTP and dGTP levels. EICAR 5'-monophosphate is a potent inhibitor of purified L1210 cell IMP dehydrogenase (Ki/Km 0.06). Inhibition of IMP dehydrogenase by EICAR 5'-monophosphate is competitive with respect to IMP. L1210 cells that were selected for resistance to the cytostatic action of EICAR proved to be adenosine kinase-deficient. Also, studies with other mutant L1210 and CEM cell lines revealed that adenosine kinase, as well as an alternative pathway, may be responsible for the conversion of EICAR to its 5'-monophosphate. Purified 2'-deoxycytidine kinase, 2'-deoxyguanosine kinase, cytosolic 5'-nucleotidase, and nicotinamide dinucleotide (NAD) pyrophosphorylase do not seem to be markedly involved in the metabolism of EICAR.
High‐Performance Fiber‐Shaped All‐Solid‐State Asymmetric Supercapacitors Based on Ultrathin MnO<sub>2</sub> Nanosheet/Carbon Fiber Cathodes for Wearable Electronics (2015)

Flexible fiber‐shaped supercapacitors have shown great potential in portable and wearable electronics. However, small specific capacitance and low operating voltage limit the practical application of fiber‐shaped supercapacitors in high energy density devices. Herein, direct growth of ultrathin MnO 2 nanosheet arrays on conductive carbon fibers with robust adhesion is exhibited, which exhibit a high specific capacitance of 634.5 F g −1 at a current density of 2.5 A g −1 and possess superior cycle stability. When MnO 2 nanosheet arrays on carbon fibers and graphene on carbon fibers are used as a positive electrode and a negative electrode, respectively, in an all‐solid‐state asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), the ASC displays a high specific capacitance of 87.1 F g −1 and an exceptional energy density of 27.2 Wh kg −1 . In addition, its capacitance retention reaches 95.2% over 3000 cycles, representing the excellent cyclic ability. The flexibility and mechanical stability of these ASCs are highlighted by the negligible degradation of their electrochemical performance even under severely bending states. Impressively, as‐prepared fiber‐shaped ASCs could successfully power a photodetector based on CdS nanowires without applying any external bias voltage. The excellent performance of all‐solid‐state ASCs opens up new opportunity for development of wearable and self‐powered nanodevices in near future.
Structure of the <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> α-Amylase Complexed with the Inhibitor Acarbose at 2.0 Å Resolution<sup>,</sup> (1997)

The three-dimensional structure of the Aspergillus oryzae alpha-amylase (TAKA-amylase), in complex with the inhibitor acarbose, has been determined by X-ray crystallography at a resolution of 1. 98 A. The tetrasaccharide inhibitor is present as a hexasaccharide presumably resulting from a transglycosylation event. The hexasaccharide occupies the -3 to +3 subsites of the enzyme, consistent with the known number of subsites determined by kinetic studies, with the acarbose unit itself in the -1 to +3 subsites of the enzyme. The transition state mimicking unsaturated pseudo-saccharide occupies the -1 subsite as expected and is present in a distorted 2H3 half-chair conformation. Careful refinement plus extremely well-resolved unbiased electron density suggest that the hexasaccharide represents a genuine transglycosylation product, but the possibility that this apparent species results from an overlapping network of tetrasaccharides is also discussed. Catalysis by alpha-amylase involves the hydrolysis of the alpha-1,4 linkages in amylose with a net retention of the anomeric configuration, via a double-displacement mechanism, as originally outlined by Koshland [Koshland, D. E. (1953) Biol. Rev. 28, 416-336]. The enzymatic acid/base and nucleophile, residues Glu230 and Asp206, respectively, are appropriately positioned for catalysis in this complex, and the hexasaccharide species allows mapping of all the noncovalent interactions between protein and ligand through the enzyme's six subsites.
The OPIS framework for modeling manufacturing systems (2018)

Abstract: "In this paper we present a general framework for modeling manufacturing systems. Our interests are in knowledge-based scheduling and simulation of large-scale manufacturing environments, and these interests have significantly influenced the approach to modeling we have taken. The modeling framework is developed using object programming and frame-based representation techniques. It provides an extensible set of modeling primitives that emphasizes (1) specification of the full range of constraints that influence production management and control decisions, (2) the development and use of hierarchical models of manufacturing processes and required resources, and (3) a clear separation of control knowledge relating to resource and manufacturing process management.The framework enables the construction of models that reflect the full complexity of actual manufacturing environments and are interpretable from both scheduling and simulation perspectives."
Physically Realistic Virtual Surgery Using the Point-Associated Finite Field (PAFF) Approach (2006)

The generation of multimodal virtual environments for surgical training is complicated by the necessity to develop heterogeneous simulation scenarios such as surgical incision, cauterization, bleeding, and smoke generation involving the interaction of surgical tools with soft biological tissues in real time. While several techniques ranging from rapid but nonphysical geometry-based procedures to complex but computationally inefficient finite element analysis schemes have been proposed, none is uniquely suited to solve the digital surgery problem. In this paper we discuss the challenges facing the field of realistic surgery simulation and present a novel point-associated finite field (PAFF) approach, developed specifically to cope with these challenges. Based upon the equations of motion dictated by physics, this technique is independent of the state of matter, geometry and material properties and permits different levels of detail. We propose several specializations of this scheme for various operational complexities. The accuracy and efficiency of this technique is compared with solutions using traditional finite element methods and simulation results are reported on segmented models obtained from the Visible Human Project.
Resting Heart Rate is a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular and Noncardiovascular Mortality: The Chicago Heart Association Detection Project In Industry (1999)

In a prospective cohort study, associations of resting heart rate with risk of coronary, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all-cause mortality in age-specific cohorts of black and white men and women were examined over 22 years of follow-up. Participants were employees from 84 companies and organizations in the Chicago, Illinois, area who volunteered for a screening examination. Participants included 9,706 men aged 18-39 years, 7,760 men aged 40-59 years, 1,321 men aged 60-74 years, 6,928 women aged 18-39 years, 6,915 women aged 40-59 years, and 1,151 women aged 60-74 years at the baseline examination in 1967-1973. Vital status was ascertained through 1992. For fatal coronary disease, multivariate-adjusted relative risks associated with a 12 beats per minute higher heart rate (one standard deviation) were as follows: for men aged 18-39 years, relative risk (RR) = 1.27 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.48); for men aged 40-59 years, RR = 1.13 (95% CI 1.05-1.21); for men aged 60-74 years, RR = 1.00 (95% CI 0.89-1.12); for women aged 40-59 years, RR = 1.21 (95% CI 1.07-1.36); and for women aged 60-74 years, RR = 1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.37). Corresponding risks for all fatal cardiovascular diseases were similar to those for coronary death alone. Deaths from cancer were significantly associated with heart rate in men and women aged 40-59 years. All-cause mortality was associated with higher heart rate in men aged 18-39 years (RR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.01-1.20), men aged 40-59 years (RR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.11-1.21), and women aged 40-59 years (RR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.13-1.27). Heart rate was not associated with mortality in women aged 18-39 years. In summary, heart rate was a risk factor for mortality from coronary disease, all cardiovascular diseases, and all causes in younger men and in middle-aged men and women, and for cancer mortality in middle-aged men and women.
Fuel-efficient heavy-duty vehicle platooning by look-ahead control (2014)

The operation of groups of heavy-duty vehicles at close intervehicular distances (known as platoons) has been shown to be an effective way of reducing fuel consumption. For single vehicles, it is also known that the availability of preview information on the road topography can be exploited to obtain fuel savings. The current paper aims at the inclusion of preview information in platooning by introducing a two-layer control system architecture for so-called look-ahead platooning. Here, the layers are responsible for the inclusion of preview information and real-time vehicle control for platooning, respectively. Within this framework, a control strategy is presented, where dynamic programming is used for the calculation of fuel-optimal speed profiles, while a model predictive control approach is exploited for the real-time vehicle control. The feasibility of this approach is illustrated by means of the simulation of relevant scenarios.
Neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) cleaves at the aggrecanase site E373–A374 in the interglobular domain of cartilage aggrecan (1994)

Native and recombinant neutrophil collagenase (MMP-8) was shown to cleave at the E373-A374 'aggrecanase' site in the interglobular domain of aggrecan. The time course of digestion in vitro showed that MMP-8 cleaved initially at N341-F342, the predominant metalloproteinase site, before cleaving at the E373-A374 site. A synthetic peptide, IPENFFG, inhibited cleavage at E373-A374 but not N341-F342 in vitro, indicating that the E373-A374 sequence was a less preferred site for MMP-8 cleavage than N341-F342. IPENFFG also inhibited release of A374 RGSVI fragments from cartilage in explant culture, suggesting that a metalloproteinase cleaved at the aggrecanase site in situ. The possibility remains that 'aggrecanase' may be a metalloproteinase in cartilage.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Specific but Not Antiviral CD4+ T Cell Immunity Is Impaired in Pancreatic Carcinoma Patients (2008)

Pancreatic carcinoma is a very aggressive disease with dismal prognosis. Although evidences for tumor-specific T cell immunity exist, factors related to tumor microenvironment and the presence of immunosuppressive cytokines in patients' sera have been related to its aggressive behavior. Carcinoembryonic Ag (CEA) is overexpressed in 80-90% of pancreatic carcinomas and contains epitopes recognized by CD4(+) T cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the extent of cancer-immune surveillance and immune suppression in pancreatic carcinoma patients by comparing the anti-CEA and antiviral CD4(+) T cell immunity. CD4(+) T cells from 23 normal donors and 44 patients undergoing surgical resection were tested for recognition of peptides corresponding to CEA and viral naturally processed promiscuous epitopes by proliferation and cytokine release assays. Anti-CEA CD4(+) T cell immunity was present in a significantly higher number of normal donors than pancreatic cancer patients. Importantly, whereas CD4(+) T cells from normal donors produced mainly GM-CSF and IFN-gamma, CD4(+) T cells from the patients produced mainly IL-5, demonstrating a skew toward a Th2 type. On the contrary, the extent of antiviral CD4(+) T cell immunity was comparable between the two groups and showed a Th1 type. The immunohistochemical analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes showed a significantly higher number of GATA-3(+) compared with T-bet(+) lymphoid cells, supporting a Th2 skew also at the tumor site. Collectively, these results demonstrate that Th2-immune deviation in pancreatic cancer is not generalized but tumor related and suggests that the skew might be possibly due to factor(s) present at the tumor site.
Visualization of the spatial–temporal evolution of continuous electromagnetic waves in the terahertz range based on photonics technology (2014)

Visualization of the field evolution of the continuous waves in the terahertz (THz) range with high phase and spatial resolution is a new approach to the study of the physical dynamics of unique beams, such as nondiffractive, self-reconstructing, and vortex beams. As near-field visualization can reveal device dynamics, it is also useful for diagnosing the THz devices. Here, we demonstrate the visualization of the spatial–temporal evolution of freely propagating continuous THz waves by adapting the nonpolarimetric electro-optic (EO) detection technique to the self-heterodyne system. The amplitude and phase of a THz wave (125 GHz, λ=2.4  mm, 650 μW) radiated from a horn antenna were simultaneously and precisely measured in the self-heterodyne system, in which two frequency-detuned free-running lasers were used both for the generation (photomixing) and EO detection of THz waves. The nonpolarimetric EO detection technique has solved an intrinsic problem of the conventional polarimetric EO detection technique, in which the sensitivity of the measurements can be changed drastically by the fluctuation of the polarization state of the optical local oscillator signal for the EO detection. As a result, field evolution could be visualized with a maximum signal-to-noise ratio of 27 dB and a phase resolution of 2π/78  rad (80 mrad), by scanning an optical fiber-mounted EO crystal (ZnTe) in a free space repeatedly.
Design considerations on wideband longitudinally-coupled double-mode SAW filters (2003)

This paper discusses the design of wide bandwidth SAW resonators when the internal reflection within IDTs is not negligible. In the discussion, the p-matrix expression is employed with a help of the coupling-of-modes theory. First, one-port SAW resonators are discussed. It is shown that the deformed IDT passband shape makes the gap between the IDT and reflector unnecessary. This is most preferable for the reduced scattering loss at the discontinuity. Secondly, two-port SAW resonators are discussed. It is shown that although the internal reflection limits the achievable passband width, it is effectively, used for controlling the location of the resonance frequencies in the conventional design. The result suggests that the proper handling of the internal reflection would be crucial in realising high performance DMS filters. Finally, design criteria are presented for DMS filters of wide bandwidth, and it is demonstrated how device performances are improved by proper design taking account of the criteria.
Live-attenuated Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine in Dengue-naïve Children, Adolescents, and Adults in Mexico City (2010)

A 3-dose TDV regimen had a favorable safety profile in children and adults and elicited neutralizing antibody responses against all 4 serotypes. These findings support the continued development of this vaccine.
An individual beacon order adaptation algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks (2008)

IEEE 802.15.4 is one of the most important protocols for wireless sensor networks. To improve the performance of this protocol in consideration of the trade-off between power consumption and end-to-end delay, duty cycle adaptation algorithms are effective solutions. In this paper, we propose an individual beacon order adaptation (IBOA) algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4 networks, which can individually adapt the beacon interval and duty cycle of each node at the same time to the node’s individual performance requirements. The simulations show that the IBOA algorithm makes IEEE 802.15.4 focus on the low level of power consumption under light traffic loads, while try to ensure the performance of end-to-end delay rather than power consumption under heavy traffic loads. In addition, the throughput is also guaranteed.
Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on (Donor‐π‐Acceptor)<sub>2</sub> Dyes With Dithiafulvalene as the Donor (2014)

Abstract Dipolar metal‐free sensitizers (D‐π‐A; D=donor, π=conjugated bridge, A=acceptor) consisting of a dithiafulvalene (DTF) unit as the electron donor, a benzene, thiophene, or fluorene moiety as the conjugated spacer, and 2‐cyanoacrylic acid as the electron acceptor have been synthesized. Dimeric congeners of these dyes, (D‐π‐A) 2 , were also synthesized through iodine‐induced dimerization of an appropriate DTF‐containing segment. Dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with the new dyes as the sensitizers have cell efficiencies that range from 2.11 to 5.24 %. In addition to better light harvesting, more effective suppression of the dark current than the D‐π‐A dyes is possible with the (D‐π‐A) 2 dyes.
Cultivation of Dengue Virus Type 2 in Baby Hamster Kidney Cells in Serum-Free Medium (1979)

Propagation of dengue virus type 2 (New Guinea C strain) was performed using a shaker culture of baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21) cultivated in serum-free modified Waymouth medium. Maximum virus titer varied from 10(8.3) to 10(8.8) plaque forming units/ml after incubation of BHK-21 cells in suspension culture at 37 dgrees C for 40-48 hours post-infection.