gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Auditory processing of speech signals for robust speech recognition in real-world noisy environments (1999)

This paper presents a new approach to an auditory model for robust speech recognition in noisy environments. The proposed model consists of cochlear bandpass filters and nonlinear operations in which frequency information of the signal is obtained by zero-crossing intervals. Intensity information is also incorporated by a peak detector and a compressive nonlinearity. The robustness of the zero-crossings in spectral estimation is verified by analyzing the variance of the level-crossing intervals as a function of the crossing level values. Compared with other auditory models, the proposed auditory model is computationally efficient, free from many unknown parameters, and able to serve as a robust front-end for speech recognition in noisy environments. Experimental results of speech recognition demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method in various types of noisy environments.
Bone Regeneration Materials for the Mandibular and Craniofacial Complex (1992)

Due to different functional demands and vascularity, the mandibular and craniofacial complex require bone regenerating materials with physical and chemical properties that are different from long bone. However, certain common requirements to both locales must be addressed. Furthermore, reasons why the autograft and allogeneic bank bones are successful in regenerating bone need to be understood if the researcher is to develop satisfactory alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the requirements needed for bone regenerating materials for mandibular and craniofacial bone repair. In that effort, we have briefly described the autograft and allogeneic bank bones, animal wound models, quantitative assays, certain bone regenerating factors (growth factors and bone inductive proteins), and requirements of delivery systems for presenting bone regenerating factors to the osseous host bed.
Male pelvic synthetic CT generation from T1-weighted MRI using 2D and 3D convolutional neural networks (2018)

To achieve magnetic resonance (MR)-only radiotherapy, a method needs to be employed to estimate a synthetic CT (sCT) for generating electron density maps and patient positioning reference images. We investigated 2D and 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) methods to generate a male pelvic sCT using a T1-weighted MR image. A retrospective study was performed using CTs and T1-weighted MR images of 20 prostate cancer patients. The proposed 2D CNN model, which contained 27 convolutional layers, was modified from the SegNet for better performance. 3D version of the CNN model was also developed. Both CNN models were trained from scratch to map intensities of T1-weighted MR images to CT Hounsfield Unit (HU) values. Each sCT was generated in a five-fold-cross-validation framework and compared with the corresponding CT using voxel-wise mean absolute error (MAE), and dice similarity coefficient (DSC), recall, and precision for bony structures. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to evaluate the differences between the both models. The MAE averaged across all patients were 40.5 $\pm$ 5.4 HU and 37.6 $\pm$ 5.1 HU for the 2D and 3D CNN models, respectively. The DSC, recall, and precision of the bony structures were 0.81 $\pm$ 0.04, 0.85 $\pm$ 0.04, and 0.77 $\pm$ 0.09 for the 2D CNN model, and 0.82 $\pm$ 0.04, 0.84 $\pm$ 0.04, and 0.80 $\pm$ 0.08 for the 3D CNN model, respectively. P values of the Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were less than 0.05 except for recall, which was 0.6. The 2D and 3D CNN models generated accurate pelvic sCTs for the 20 patients using T1-weighted MR images. The evaluation metrics and statistical tests indicated that the 3D model was able to generate sCTs with better MAE, bone DSC, and bone precision. The accuracy of the dose calculation and patient positioning using generated sCTs will be tested and compared for the two models in the future.
Clinical and prognostic aspects of adrenocortical neoplasms in childhood (1999)

In children, rare adrenal tumors have different diagnostic and prognostic characteristics than in adults; however, recurrences remain frequent. The efficacy of chemotherapy, mainly o,p'-DDD (Mitotane), remains to be evaluated in comparative trials.
Outside-in Integrin Signal Transduction (1996)

alpha IIb beta 3-(GP IIb IIIa) is the most abundant integrin expressed on platelets and plays a critical role in platelet aggregation and normal hemostasis. In response to platelet stimulation by agonists such as thrombin, alpha IIb beta 3 becomes a receptor for the adhesive proteins fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, vitronectin, and fibronectin. Binding of extracellular matrix ligands allows the integrin to transmit a signal to the inside of the cell, but the exact mechanisms whereby integrins transduce these signals remains unclear. In this paper we demonstrate that the beta 3 subunit of alpha IIb beta 3 was phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in response to thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. However, tyrosine phosphorylation was not observed when platelets were stimulated by thrombin in the presence of an inhibitor of aggregation. Phosphotyrosine was only detected when platelets were solubilized under protein-denaturing conditions. A peptide corresponding to residues 740-762 of the beta 3 cytoplasmic domain was capable of binding the signaling proteins SHC and GRB2. GRB2 binding occurred only when both tyrosine residues (Tyr-747 and Tyr-759) were phosphorylated. SHC binding also occurred to a peptide monophosphorylated at Tyr-759. The data suggest that tyrosine phosphorylation of an integrin beta subunit may be important in initiating outside-in signaling cascades by inducing association of signaling components directly with the integrin.
Use of the MTT assay to evaluate the biocompatibility of beta-cyclodextrin derivatives with respiratory epithelial cells (2006)

peer reviewed
Efficacy of Short-Acting .BETA.-Blockers after Cardiac Surgery (2009)

心臓手術後急性期における短時間作用型β1 遮断薬・塩酸ランジオロール（オノアクト®）の有効性と安全な投与方法を検討した．心臓大血管手術後の成人10症例を対象とした．年齢は平均66（53～81）歳で男女比は9対1であった．主疾患は弁膜症7例，虚血性心疾患，胸部大動脈瘤，大動脈解離が各1例であった．頻脈の内訳は上室性（心房細粗動，上室性頻拍）が6例，心室性（心室性頻拍）が4例であった．頻脈性不整脈に対して，上室性ではIa，Ic群抗不整脈薬を，心室性ではIb群抗不整脈薬を第1選択として投与し，無効例でオノアクトを投与した．オノアクトの投与は初期負荷投与は行わず，静脈内少量持続投与とした．投与量は，導入量が平均0.018 mg/kg/分で，効果発現後は平均0.01 mg/kg/分で維持した．臨床効果：10例中9例で有効であった．上室性では，心房細動の4例中3例が洞調律に復帰し，1例で心房細動が持続したが心拍数の安定が得られた．心房粗動の1例では効果が不十分であり他剤に変更した．上室性頻拍の1例では心拍数の安定を得た．心室性では4例全てで頻拍症（VT）が消失した．血行動態：オノアクト投与により脈拍は140±42/分から95±21/分へと有意に（p＜0.05）低下した．収縮期血圧は，投与前の118±24 mmHgから106±21 mmHgへと軽度低下したが有意差はなかった．心係数（CI）は投与前の2.4±0.5 l/min/m2 より2.7±0.6 min/m2 へと有意に（p＜0.05）上昇した．拍出係数（SI）は17±7 ml/回/m2 より27±4 ml/回/m2 へと有意に（p＜0.05）増加した．副作用：血圧低下，徐脈，気管支喘息発作はなかった．血液生化学検査では異常を認めなかった．短時間作用型β遮断薬（オノアクト®）は心大血管手術後の頻脈性不整脈に対して有用であった．少量持続投与法は心血行動態には大きな影響が無く，開心術後でも安全に用い得る．
Equilibrium Vaporization of Gasoline. (1925)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium Vaporization of Gasoline.Reston Stevenson and Herbert J. StarkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1925, 17, 7, 679–685Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1925Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1925https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50187a010RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (913 KB) Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Deparaffinization Agents for an Automated immunostainer (1993)

Two xylene substitutes (a terpene and an isoparaffinic hydrocarbon) were compared to xylene as the deparaffinization agent in an automated immunostainer. Human kidney tissue was stained for cytokeratin with amino-ethyl carbazole as the chromogen. There was no discernable difference in either staining intensity, background staining, or effectiveness of paraffin removal among the 3 clearing agents. There also were no differences among these parameters when the slides were reviewed after 8 mo storage in the dark, with the exception of the staining intensity, whichdiminishedequally withal1 clearing agents. The occupational, environmental, and regulatory aspects of these 3 clearing agents are discussed. (The J Histotechnol 16:367, 1993)
Hemophagocytic syndrome associated with aggressive natural killer cell leukemia (1991)

We describe a patient who had aggressive natural killer cell leukemia with profound hemophagocytosis. This combination must be underscored as one of several hemophagocytic syndromes. Activated phagocytes in the bone marrow appeared morphologically normal and could possibly be proliferating in response to some cytokine(s) such as interferon-gamma produced by leukemic cells, whose serum level was found to be extremely elevated in this case.
Generating Interpretable Poverty Maps using Object Detection in Satellite Images (2020)

Accurate local-level poverty measurement is an essential task for governments and humanitarian organizations to track the progress towards improving livelihoods and distribute scarce resources. Recent computer vision advances in using satellite imagery to predict poverty have shown increasing accuracy, but they do not generate features that are interpretable to policymakers, inhibiting adoption by practitioners. Here we demonstrate an interpretable computational framework to accurately predict poverty at a local level by applying object detectors to high resolution (30cm) satellite images. Using the weighted counts of objects as features, we achieve 0.539 Pearson's r^2 in predicting village-level poverty in Uganda, a 31% improvement over existing (and less interpretable) benchmarks. Feature importance and ablation analysis reveal intuitive relationships between object counts and poverty predictions. Our results suggest that interpretability does not have to come at the cost of performance, at least in this important domain.
Cloning and Characterization of Human <i>MUC19</i> Gene (2010)

The most recently discovered gel-forming mucin, MUC19, is expressed in both salivary glands and tracheal submucosal glands. We previously cloned the 3'-end partial sequence (AY236870), and here report the complete sequencing of the entire MUC19 cDNA. One highly variable region (HVR) was discovered in the 5' end of MUC19. A total of 20 different splicing variants were detected in HVR, and 18 variants are able to translate into proteins along with the rest of the MUC19 sequence. The longest variant of MUC19 consists of 182 exons, with a transcript of approximately 25 kb. A central exon of approximately 12 kb contains highly repetitive sequences and has no intron interruption. The deduced MUC19 protein has the bona fide gel-forming mucin structure, VWD-VWD-VWD-"threonine/serine-rich repeats"-VWC-CT. An unusual structural feature of MUC19, which is lacking in other gel-forming mucins, is its long amino terminus upstream of the first VWD domain. The long amino terminus is mostly translated from the sequences in HVR, and contains serine-rich repetitive sequences. To validate the integrity of the MUC19 sequence, primers from both the 3' and 5' end were used to demonstrate a similar tissue expression pattern of MUC19 in trachea and salivary glands. In addition, antibodies were developed against either the amino (N) or carboxy (C) terminus of MUC19, and similar antibody staining patterns were observed in both salivary and tracheal submucosal glands. In conclusion, we have cloned and elucidated the entire MUC19 gene, which will facilitate understanding of the function and regulation of this important, yet understudied, mucin gene in airway diseases.
Reflection in an object-oriented concurrent language (1988)

Our work is along the line of the work of B. Smith and P. Maes. We first discuss our notion of reflection in object-oriented concurrent computation and then present a reflective object-oriented concurrent language ABCL/R. We give several illustrative examples of reflective programming such as (1) dynamic concurrent acquisition of “methods” from other objects, (2) monitoring the behavior of concurrently running objects, and (3) augmentation of the time warp mechanism to a concurrent system. Also the definition of a meta-circular interpreter of this language is given as the definition of a meta-object. The language ABCL/R has been implemented. All the examples given in this paper are running on our ABCL/R system.
High-speed multi-jets printing using laser forward transfer: time-resolved study of the ejection dynamics (2014)

This paper extends the current understanding of the laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) process to the multi-jets ejection problem. LIFT has already been used to print micrometer-sized droplets from a liquid donor substrate with single pulse experiments. Here we study the dynamics of the high-speed multi-jets formation from silver nanoparticles ink films with a time-resolved imaging technique. A galvanometric mirrors head controls the spacing between adjacent pulses by scanning the focused beam of a high repetition rate UV picosecond laser along an ink-coated donor substrate. The laser pulses interact with the liquid film and generate cavitation bubbles that propel the ink away from the substrate and form the jets. When the spacing between consecutive pulses is substantially higher than the maximum diameter of the bubbles, there is no interaction between adjacent jets, and these remain unperturbed. However, when the pulses are brought closer significant jet-jet interaction takes place, which results in a clear deviation from the single jet dynamics. Thus, the cavitation bubbles acquire different shapes, the ink is ejected faster and along different directions depending on the spacing between the pulses, and each bubble alters the evolution of the previous one and shifts away from it.
M2M Security: Challenges and Solutions (2016)

Machine-to-machine (M2M) is one of the emergent technologies that has attracted a lot of attention in both industrial and academic sectors, and which is expected to grow in the next few years. Indeed, it opens the way to the Internet of Things (IoT), an internet where all devices are connected and communicate without any human intervention. Yet, an important hurdle that may slow down M2M growth and even hinder the massive roll-out of certain applications is security. Even though there has been a lot of research on M2M, nevertheless only few focus on the security aspects. As a fusion of heterogeneous networks, M2M poses a number of challenges, particularly to security design. In this paper, we provide a survey on M2M research and development works that mainly addresses security and more precisely the threats that M2M communications have to face. We also tackle the challenges that arise when trying to secure M2M communications along with an investigation of the existing approaches aiming to do so. Finally, we give a general comparison of existing solutions regarding some selected parameters.
Alkali Treatments of Corn Stover to Increase Nutritive Value1 (1977)

Chopped corn stover was reconstituted, treated and stored in 205 liter drums with plastic liners at room temperature for at least 30 days. Treatments were: (1) control, 50% H20;(2) 2% NaOH and 2% Ca(OH)2, 50% H20;(3) 3%NH3, 30%H2O;(4) 5%NH3, 30% H2O. Treatments were evaluated with eight wether lambs in a double 4x4 latin square design. Ammoniated materials were aerated before feeding. Control and hydroxide-treated stover were supplemented with urea. Organic matter intakes increased (P<.001) by 45 to 51% with the different alkali treatments. Treatments also increased (P<.05) gross energy digestibility from 12 to 14%. Nitrogen digestibility tended to decrease slightly with treatments. Treatment with 3% NH3 increased total nitrogen content (P<.001) by 94% over control. Much of this added nitrogen was analyzed as ammonia-N. However, true protein contents were increased (P<.05) with ammoniated stover over control silage. Negligible amounts of lactic acid were contained in the NH3-treated materials. However, NH3 treatments increased (P<.05) acetic acid content.
EMI characterization with parasitic modeling for a permanent magnet motor drive (2004)

In this paper, a permanent magnet AC motor drive is tested extensively, and the prominent frequencies in EMI spectrum are identified for their relationship with the noise sources and their propagation paths. Switching characteristics of the power MOSFETs are evaluated by simulation and experiment for the noise source modeling. Major parasitic components and noise propagating mode paths are measured with a time-domain reflectometry method and verified with a 3-dimensional finite element analysis tool. The inverter circuit model is then constructed using pertinent parasitic inductance and capacitance values for the active device modules, the passive components, the leads, and the interconnects. To verify the validity of the inverter model, a comparative study is performed with computer simulations and hardware experiments. The fundamental mechanisms by which the EMI noises are excited and propagated are analyzed, and the significant roles of parasitic elements coupling with device switching dynamics in EMI generation are examined. The results indicate that the identification of parasitic inductance helps verify the noise peaking frequencies. The noise mitigation effects of added DC choke and RC snubbers are also characterized and proven with both simulation and measurement.
FDA User Fee Bills Move Swiftly (2012)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTFDA User Fee Bills Move SwiftlyView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2012, 90, 21, 30–31Publication Date (Print):May 21, 2012Publication History Published online29 March 2013Published inissue 21 May 2012https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-09021-govpol2https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-09021-govpol2newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2012 Chemical & Engineering NewsArticle Views7Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
HoloSketch: a Virtual Reality Sketching/Animation Tool Special Issue on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (1996)

<p>This article describes HoloSketch, a virtual reality-based 3D geometry creation and manipulation tool. HoloSketch is aimed at providing nonprogrammers with an easy-to-use 3D “What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get” environment. Using head-tracked stereo shutter glasses and a desktop CRT display configuration, virtual objects can be created with a 3D wand manipulator directly in front of the user, at very high accuracy and much more rapidly than with traditional 3D drawing systems. HoloSketch also supports simple animation and audio control for virtual objects. This article describes the functions of the HoloSketch system, as well as our experience so far with more-general issues of head-tracked stereo 3D user interface design. </p>
Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of 2-imino-4-(benzimidazol-2' -yl)- 6-aryl-6H -2,3-dihydro-1,3-thia/oxazines (2002)

Department of Chemistry. Saurashtra University, Rajkot-360 005, India E-mail : drarparikh@yahoo.com <em>Manuscript received 11 May 2001, revised 22 April 2002. accepted 17 August 2002</em> 2-Acetylbenzimidazole (1) on condensation with various aldehydes yields the chalcones (2a-1) which on cyclization with thiourea/urea in ale. KOH furnish the corresponding 2-imlno-4-(benzimidazol-2'-yl)-6-aryl-6<em>H</em>-2,3-dibydro-1,3-thiazinesll,3-oxozines (3a-1, 4a-1). The compounds have been evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.
BAY u3405, a potent and selective thromboxane A<sub>2</sub> receptor antagonist on airway smooth muscle <i>in vitro</i> (1991)

1. BAY u3405 (3(R)-[[(4-fluorophenyl) sulphonyl]amino]-1,2,3,4- tetrahydro-9H-carbazole-9-propanoic acid) has been evaluated on airway smooth muscle, from a number of species including man, for its thromboxane A2 (TXA2) antagonist activity. 2. BAY u3405 was a potent, and competitive, antagonist of the TXA2-mimetic U46619-induced contractions of human, guinea-pig, rat and ferret airway smooth muscle with pA2 values between 8.0 and 8.9 and with no inherent contractile activity (10(-9)-10(-4) M). 3. The TXA2 antagonist activity of BAY u3405 was stereoselective. Its (S)-enantiomer, BAY u3406, was approximately 50 fold less effective against U46619 on guinea-pig and human airway smooth muscle. 4. BAY u3405 also competitively antagonized contractions of guinea-pig airway smooth muscle induced by prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) or its metabolite 9 alpha, 11 beta-PGF2. On human and ferret airway smooth muscle it abolished contractions induced by PGD2, PGF2 alpha and 16,16-dimethyl-PGE2. 5. A high concentration (10(-6) M) of BAY u3405 had no effect on the contraction, or relaxation, of airway smooth muscle induced by a range of other agonists, nor did BAY u3405 have any effect on other prostanoid receptor types (DP, EP2, FP or IP). 6. BAY u3405, in contrast to some other TXA2 antagonists, is a potent and selective antagonist on a wide range of airways including human. This high affinity, and the oral activity of the compound described elsewhere, suggest it may be an appropriate tool to investigate the role of prostanoids in airway diseases such as asthma.
2009개정 통합교과 교육과정의 오해와 개선 방향 (2014)

본 연구는 2015 교육과정 개정을 위한 제1 차 국가교육과정 전문가 포럼에서 제기된 통합교과의 교육과정과 교과서 체제에 대한 문제점의 당위성을 살펴보고 차기 교육과정 개편에서 고려해야 할 통합교과 교육과정과 교과서의 개선점을 모색하는데 목적이 있다. 제기된 문제점은 1)교육과정과 교과서 분리 및 평가와 학생부 작성의 불일치, 2)교육과정 재구성의 자율성의 훼손, 3)교과서의 크기와 두께, 교과서 내용의 양적 증가, 4)학습이론의 적용의 부적절성, 5)통합 방법의 부적절성, 6)2009개정 통합교과 교육과정과 누리과정과의 연계성 부족, 7)계열성, 주제선정, KDB 적용의 문제 등이었다. 제기된 문제점을 문헌, 선행연구, 현장 적용 실태를 중심으로 재해석하였다. 논의를 바탕으로 차기 통합교과 교육과정 개정에서 고려할 수 있는 개선안으로 1)움직임과 관련된 통합적인 활동 추가, 2)주제의 세분화, 3)내용체계의 세분화, 4)사고기능 교육의 강화를 제안하였다.