gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Query Reformulation for Source-Code Search With Word Relations (2018)

Searching source code is a common activity in many software engineering tasks. To some extent, the quality of the query determines the accuracy of query results. In practice, it is difficult for developers to provide a high-quality query, especially for the novice who just takes over the software project with a short time. What is more, existing code search techniques using queries expressed in natural language offer little support to help developers determine whether the search results are relevant or not. When a query preforms poorly, it has to be reformulated. In this paper, we present a novel approach, INQRES, to interactively reformulate the search query considering the relations between words in the source code to optimize the query quality. INQRES analyzes the keyword relations in the source code and builds AND and OR relations in an interactive way for developer to select suitable words for query reformulation. To evaluate the effectiveness of INQRES, we perform an empirical study on the jEdit project. Empirical results show that INQRES can effectively reformulate the search query, and the quality of the reformulated query of INQRES is better than that of the state-of-art technique, i.e., QReformu.
Ror2/Frizzled Complex Mediates Wnt5a-Induced AP-1 Activation by Regulating Dishevelled Polymerization (2010)

The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 acts as a receptor or coreceptor for Wnt5a to mediate Wnt5a-induced activation of the Wnt/JNK pathway and inhibition of the beta-catenin-dependent canonical Wnt pathway. However, little is known about how Ror2 cooperates with another receptor component(s) to mediate Wnt5a signaling. We show here that Ror2 regulates Wnt5a-induced polymerization of Dishevelled (Dvl) and that this Ror2-mediated regulation of Dvl is independent of the cytoplasmic region of Ror2. Ror2 can associate with Frizzled7 (Fz7) via its extracellular cysteine-rich domain to form a receptor complex that is required for the regulation of Dvl and activation of the AP-1 promoter after Wnt5a stimulation. Suppressed expression of Fz7 indeed results in the inhibition of Wnt5a-induced polymerization of Dvl and AP-1 activation. Interestingly, both the DIX and the DEP domains of Dvl are indispensable for Dvl polymerization and subsequent AP-1 activation after Wnt5a stimulation. We further show that polymerized Dvl is colocalized with Rac1 and that suppressed expression of Rac1 inhibits Wnt5a-induced AP-1 activation. Collectively, our results indicate that Ror2/Fz receptor complex plays an important role in the Wnt5a/Rac1/AP-1 pathway by regulating the polymerization of Dvl.
Taxi Emergency and Location System for Metropolitan Toronto (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent advances in computer and communications technologies have fostered significant developments in mobile information systems, not only to locate vehicles in distress situations but also to permit central monitoring of their positions for management purposes.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will focus on investigations carried out by the Ministry of Transportation of Ontario on Emergency Location Systems with the prime objective to identify a functional and cost-effective solution for Metropolitan Toronto's taxi operations and other municipal fleets and to investigate as well, opportunities to enhance vehicle dispatching and real-time traffic data collection, using the location system's communications infrastructure.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The approach taken was to investigate existing and upcoming commercial systems, evaluate them and recommend the appropriate course of action. The outcome of the study is a list of systems recommended for further investigations and small-scale demonstrations.</div>
A MANAGEMENT ORIENTED APPROACH TO THE ESTIMATION OF FARM PRODUCTION COSTS AND RETURNS IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS (1977)

The normal methods used to estimate farm production costs and returns in rural development project planning are based on the extrapolation of one or a few representative production unit models to the scale of the overall project. Although such models may be adequate for ex‐ante evaluation they are generally not sufficiently specific to provide relevant guidelines for project implementation or a meaningful framework for ex‐post evaluation at the farm production level. This paper describes an area specific, management oriented approach to crop production cost and return estimation which was adopted for the preparation of a rural development project in Swaziland and which, it is argued, has particular advantages for project implementation and ex‐post evaluation. Résumé UNE MÉTHODE ORIENTÉE SUR LA GESTION POUR ESTIMER LES COÜTS ET RENDEMENTS DE LA PRODUCTION DES EXPLOITATIONS AGRICOLES DANS LES PROGRAMMES DE DÉVELOPPEMENT RURAL Les méthodes normalement utilisées pour faire l'estimation des coûts et rendements de la production des exploitations agricoles dans la planification des programmes de développement rural sont basées sur l'extrapolation d'un ou quelques modèles d'unités de production représentatifs appliquée à l'échelle du projet global. Bien que ces modèles puissent remplir leur objectif lorsqu'il s'agit de faire une évaluation prospective, ils sont généralement insuffisamment spécifiques pour fournir une orientation correcte à la mise en oeuvre des projets ou un cadre de travail utile pour effectuer une évaluation rétroactive au niveau de la production des exploitations. Cet article décrit une méthode, spécifique à une certaine région et orientée sur la gestion, destinée à faire l'estimation des coûts et rendements de la production culturale, méthode qui fut adoptée pour préparer un projet de developpement rural au Souaziland et qui, selon les arguments développés, présente des avantages particuliers pour la mise en oeuvre des projets et l'évaluation prospective. Zusammenfassung EIN MANAGEMENTORIENTIERTER NÄHERUNGSVERSUCH ZUR SCHÄTZUNG VON FARMPRODUKTIONSKOSTEN UND ERTRÄGEN IN LÄNDLICHEN ENTWICKLUNGSPROJEKTEN Die normalen Methoden zur Schätzung von Farmproduktions‐kosten und Erträgen in der Planung ländlicher Entwicklungsprojekte basieren auf der Extrapolation von einem oder wenigen repräsentativen Modellen von Produktionseinheiten auf die Grössenordnung des gesamten Projektes. Solche Modelle mögen für die ex‐ante Evaluierung angemessen sein, aber für die Projektdurchführung oder für ein aussagekräftiges Rahmenwerk zur ex‐post Evaluierung auf Farmproduktionsniveau sind sie im allgemeinen nicht bestimmt genug. Dieser Artikel beschreibt einen gebietsspezifischen, manage‐mentorientierten Näherungsversuch zur Schätzung von Ernteproduktionskosten und Erträgen, der zur Vorbereitung eines ländlichen Entwicklungsprojektes in Swaziland benützt wurde und der, so wird argumentiert, besondere Vorteile für die Projektdurchführung und ex‐ante Evaluierung hat.
Efficacy of the Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in Protecting Ears Exposed to Loud Music (2006)

Antioxidants have been reported to be effective in reducing acoustic trauma in animal models but have not been studied in humans. In this study, the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was evaluated to determine if it would reduce temporary changes in auditory function as a result of exposure to loud music in humans. Pure-tone thresholds and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) were collected in 31 normal-hearing participants, using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, before and after two hours of live music in a nightclub. Using repeated measures analysis of variance, no statistically significant differences were found between participants who received NAC versus a placebo for any of the outcome measures. Across all subjects, the largest pure-tone threshold shift occurred at 4 kHz. DPOAE measures were characterized by reductions in amplitude and a trend for shorter group delay values. When the 3 and 4 kHz data were examined by imposing specific criteria of greater than 2 dB DPOAE amplitude reductions and 10 dB or greater pure-tone threshold shifts, DPOAE reductions occurred more often at 3 kHz, and pure-tone shifts occurred more often at 4 kHz.
Variation and Species Limits in Agamospermous Grasses (1990)

Agamospermy in the grasses is well-documented and is generally facultative. Hy- bridization among morphological clones or groups of clones is common, forming geographically widespread agamospermous complexes. These are morphologically variable, but all variation is continuous; all members are potentially interfertile, and studies of cytology indicate a history of extensive hybridization and allopolyploidy. Thus microspecies do not occur. Whether morphology, interbreeding, strict monophyly, or other cohesive mechanisms are used as criteria of conspecificity, the taxonomic conclusion is the same: an entire complex must be treated as a single species. Theory and practice are often uneasy bedfel- lows; this is undoubtedly true when the theory has to do with the concept of species, and the practice has to do with the application of a bi- nomial. An observer of the biological world sees a multiplicity of apparently discrete morpho- logical units (diagnosable clusters in the ter- minology of Cracraft (1983)); for some of these, it is helpful to have names. In an attempt to make the names comparable, we make some principled decision as to which units should be named at the basic taxonomic rank. This is the choice of a species concept, the choice depend-
Cavernous carotid artery aneurysm associated with Marfan??s syndrome (1988)

Intracranial aneurysms arising in the region of the cavernous carotid artery are difficult to manage surgically because of the surrounding cavernous sinus. With recent advances in microballoon technology and permanent solidification agents, it is now possible to treat certain intracranial aneurysms by detachable balloons and preserve the parent vessel. A patient with Marfan's syndrome presented with severe retroorbital pain, ophthalmoplegia, and headaches. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a large cavernous carotid artery aneurysm measuring 17 × 9 × 6 mm. This was successfully treated by placing three detachable balloons within the aneurysm and preserving the carotid artery via a transvascular approach. Intravascular detachable balloon embolization may offer a form of alternative therapy for the management of surgically difficult aneurysms. (Neurosurgery 22:297-300, 1988)
The Vital Link between Super and Estate Planning (2008)

The key factors to be considered by solicitors about the incorporation of superannuation in estate planning when drafting a Will are presented. Suggestions are presented on the inclusion of issues such as the recipient of the superannuation benefit of a deceased person and the situation wherein superannuation benefits can be paid to a deceased person's estate in a Will in order to prevent litigation on superannuation death benefits.
Inhibition of Epac1 suppresses mitochondrial fission and reduces neointima formation induced by vascular injury (2016)

Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation in response to injury plays an important role in the development of vascular proliferative diseases, including restenosis and atherosclerosis. The aims of this study were to ascertain the physiological functions of exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP isoform 1 (Epac1) in VSMC and to evaluate the potential of Epac1 as therapeutic targets for neointima formation during vascular remodeling. In a mouse carotid artery ligation model, genetic knockdown of the Epac1 gene led to a significant reduction in neointima obstruction in response to vascular injury. Pharmacologic inhibition of Epac1 with an Epac specific inhibitor, ESI-09, phenocopied the effects of Epac1 null by suppressing neointima formation and proliferative VSMC accumulation in neointima area. Mechanistically, Epac1 deficient VSMCs exhibited lower level of PI3K/AKT signaling and dampened response to PDGF-induced mitochondrial fission and reactive oxygen species levels. Our studies indicate that Epac1 plays important roles in promoting VSMC proliferation and phenotypic switch in response to vascular injury, therefore, representing a therapeutic target for vascular proliferative diseases.
The α-Chemokine, Stromal Cell-derived Factor-1α, Binds to the Transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXCR-4 Receptor and Activates Multiple Signal Transduction Pathways (1998)

The alpha-chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1alpha binds to the seven transmembrane G-protein-coupled CXCR-4 receptor and acts to modulate cell migration and proliferation. The signaling pathways that mediate the effects of SDF-1alpha are not well characterized. We studied events following SDF-1alpha binding to CXCR-4 in a model murine pre-B cell line transfected with human CXCR-4. There was enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation and association of components of focal adhesion complexes such as the related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase, paxillin, and Crk. We also observed activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Wortmannin, a selective inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, partially inhibited the SDF-1alpha-induced migration and tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin. SDF-1alpha treatment selectively activated p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (Erk 1 and Erk 2) and its upstream kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun amino-terminal kinase or mitogen activated protein kinase kinase. We also observed that SDF-1alpha treatment increased NF-kappaB activity in nuclear extracts from the CXCR-4 transfectants. Taken together, these studies revealed that SDF-1alpha activates distinct signaling pathways that may mediate cell growth, migration, and transcriptional activation.
SOME DELTA KETONIC NITRILES AND THEIR RELATION TO CYCLIC COMPOUNDS (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSOME DELTA KETONIC NITRILES AND THEIR RELATION TO CYCLIC COMPOUNDSE. P. Kohler, Alice Graustein, and D. R. MerrillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 11, 2536–2556Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1922https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01432a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01432a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views141Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design of a substrate integrated waveguide aperture antenna with Electromagnetic Band Gap structure (2015)

In this paper, a novel antenna with vertical polarization and low profile in vertical direction was designed base on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) and Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) structure. The radiation performance and the standing-wave ratio (SWR) were optimized via stepped transition structure. The gain and the front-to-back ratio were increased via the Electromagnetic Band Gap structure. This antenna with wide bandwidth and wide radiation lobe was base on Printed Circuit Board(PCB), and it was easy to be produced and easy for integration.
SCID-Hu mice immunized with a pneumococcal vaccine produce specific human antibodies and show increased resistance to infection (1992)

Seventy-eight severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were administered intraperitoneally 1 x 10(7) to 9 x 10(7) human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBL) in five experiments. Human immunoglobulin G (IgG) was detected in 70 to 88% of these SCID-PBL-Hu mice after cell transplantation, and all four subclasses were present. The total concentration of human IgG varied from less than 1 to 10.2 g/liter. The SCID-PBL-Hu mice with high concentrations of human IgG regularly had mono- or oligoclonal human IgG bands in serum, as demonstrated by agarose gel electrophoresis. Of the SCID-PBL-Hu mice that were immunized with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, 63 to 78% developed a significant human IgG antipneumococcal antibody response, whereas only very low levels of human IgM and no human IgA antipneumococcal antibodies could be detected. Twelve to twenty-two percent of the SCID-PBL-Hu mice showed signs of leakiness; these mice developed a significant mouse IgM antipneumococcal antibody response and no human antibodies. SCID-PBL-Hu mice were challenged intraperitoneally with 10 50% lethal doses of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 4 to study the protective effect of immunization with pneumococcal vaccine. The immunized SCID-PBL-Hu mice showed less bacteremia than did all control groups, and survival was 45 to 60%. None of the unimmunized SCID-PBL-Hu mice survived.
Abstract 1781: Lorvotuzumab mertansine (IMGN901) in combination with standard-of-care paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy is highly active in a preclinical xenograft model of ovarian cancer (2011)

Abstract The CD56-binding antibody-maytansinoid conjugate, lorvotuzumab mertansine (IMGN901), is currently being evaluated as monotherapy in patients with CD56-positive solid tumors including ovarian cancer, SCLC, and Merkel cell carcinoma. Encouraging results have recently been reported for this clinical trial, including 3 objective responses in second-line or later use (Woll, et al., ESMO 2010). CD56 is expressed on approximately 57% of ovarian cancers, supporting the clinical investigation of lorvotuzumab mertansine for this malignancy. Lorvotuzumab mertansine has been shown to be active as a single-agent against CD56-positive ovarian xenograft tumors, including OVCAR-3 and COLO 720E (Whiteman, et al., AACR 2008). Despite the high response rate of ovarian cancer to the standard-of-care first-line paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy (approximately 60%), more than 80% of patients will relapse within 24 months of starting this treatment. Although advances in diagnosis and treatment have improved outcomes, the 5-year overall survival rate for ovarian cancer is only about 45%. Consequently, there is an unmet clinical need for treatments achieving long-term responses as first-line or second-line therapies for ovarian cancer. The possibility of achieving durable responses with combination of lorvotuzumab mertansine plus paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy was investigated in a preclinical model of ovarian cancer. The activity of lorvotuzumab mertansine in combination with the standard-of-care paclitaxel/carboplatin therapy was evaluated against COLO 720E ovarian xenografts in mice. The two dose levels of paclitaxel (10 or 20 mg/kg weekly × 3) plus carboplatin (100 mg/kg single injection) evaluated without lorvotuzumab mertansine were both active in this model, resulting in complete tumor regressions (CR) in 1 of 6 and 2 of 6 mice, respectively, with all tumors recurring during the study. Lorvotuzumab mertansine administered at a dose of 13 mg/kg weekly × 3 was active as a single agent, resulting in a CR in 1 of 6 mice which recurred during the study. Combination of lorvotuzumab mertansine with either dose level of paclitaxel/carboplatin resulted in CRs in all mice (6 of 6 mice/group), with no tumor recurrence during the study period (123 days). The long-term CRs observed in a preclinical model of ovarian cancer suggest lorvotuzumab mertansine in combination with standard-of-care agents would be a promising combination treatment regimen to evaluate in the clinic due to its potential to achieve an increased response rate and more durable responses compared with standard-of-care agents alone, which could represent a significant therapeutic benefit to ovarian cancer patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1781. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1781
Fact and Artefact in Confocal Microscopy (1997)

High-resolution confocal microscopic images may be made of either the surface of a sample or beneath the surface. These images can be likened to optical tomograms, giving thin (> 0.35 micron) slices up to 200 microns below the surface of a transparent tissue: With microscopes running under normal conditions, the optical section thickness will be > 1 micron and the effective penetration into enamel and dentin a maximum of 100 microns. For maximum resolution, high-quality, high-numerical-aperture objectives should be used. Refractive index matching of the lens immersion media and the substrate will avoid distortions of images in the optical axis. Such errors could occur when imaging a considerable distance (> 40 microns) into a cell containing water, with an oil immersion objective above the cover slip. Care should be taken in the interpretation of computerized z axis reconstructions made from serial optical sections: Their validity should be checked with equivalent views made with the sample oriented in the same direction as the reconstruction. The use of fluorescent dyes in microscopy is a very powerful investigative technique. It is important that the dyes used not be labile and that they be well-fixed to the materials being examined, or the images may indicate the dye distribution rather than the material to which it is "attached". Multiple labeling experiments must have crossover control experiments to verify the distribution of the individual dyes. Valuable information can often be gained by combining information from both reflection and fluorescence images. Two-photon laser excitation of dyes gives the potential for greater depth penetration and improved resolution.
Carbohydrate Effect: Hormone and Oxidative Changes (2007)

Carbohydrate administration during exercise diminishes stress hormone release, but the relationship of these hormones with oxidative stress has not been examined. Fifteen subjects functioned as their own controls and ingested carbohydrate (6 %) or placebo in a randomized design while cycling for 2.5-h ( approximately 75 % V.O (2peak)). Blood and skeletal muscle samples were collected 30 min pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise, and 12-h post-exercise and analyzed for F (2)-isoprostanes, ferric reducing ability of plasma, glucose, insulin, cortisol, epinephrine, and muscle glycogen, respectively. Statistical design was a 2 (treatment) x 3 (time) repeated measures analysis of variance. Glucose, insulin, and ferric reducing ability of plasma were significantly higher and F (2)-isoprostanes, cortisol, and epinephrine significantly lower in carbohydrate versus placebo. The decrease in muscle glycogen was not different. During cycling exercise, oxidative stress appears to be heavily influenced by carbohydrate ingestion and increased stress hormones.