gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying Developmental Morphology of Perennial Grasses (1995)

Perennial forage grasses can be viewed as modular organisms. The phytomer is usually considered the basic unit of the grass plant and consists of a leaf blade and sheath, the internode, the node, and the associated auxiliary bud below the point of sheath attachment. The tiller is a collection of phytomers differentiated from a single apical meristem. The grass plant is a group of tillers that ultimately arise from a single zygote and are of the same genotype. A grass sward is a population of individual plants, often genetically related, but usually of unique genotypes. The developmental morphology of perennial grass swards is dynamic and is a function of the spatial and temporal distribution of growth stages within the population of tillers comprising the sward. Management practices are applied to forages at the sward level. Systems for quantifying developmental morphology of perennial grasses that are to be used for management purposes must be applicable at the sward, or population, level. The phyllochron concept, which is widely used in studies of cereals, has been employed in only a limited number of studies on forage management. Numerical indices have been used successfully to quantify grass morphology, but have some inherent limitations when used for predictive purposes. The principles of population ecology, particularly plant demography, provide a framework for studying the developmental morphology of perennial grass populations and can be used in conjunction with numerical indices to describe tiller populations.
Identification of a<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>Gene That Enhances Mycobacterial Survival in Macrophages (2000)

Intracellular survival plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To identify M. tuberculosis genes required for intracellular survival within macrophages, an M. tuberculosis H37Rv plasmid library was constructed by using the shuttle vector pOLYG. This plasmid library was electroporated into Mycobacterium smegmatis 1-2c, and the transformants were used to infect the human macrophage-like cell line U-937. Because M. smegmatis does not readily survive within macrophages, any increased intracellular survival is likely due to cloned M. tuberculosis H37Rv DNA. After six sequential passages of M. smegmatis transformants through U-937 cells, one clone (p69) was enriched more than 70% as determined by both restriction enzyme and PCR analyses. p69 demonstrated significantly enhanced survival compared to that of the vector control, ranging from 2.4- to 5.3-fold at both 24 and 48 h after infection. DNA sequence analysis revealed three open reading frames (ORFs) in the insert of p69. ORF2 (1.2 kb) was the only one which contained a putative promoter region and a ribosome-binding site. Deletion analysis of the p69 insert DNA showed that disruption of ORF2 resulted in complete loss of the enhanced intracellular survival phenotype. This gene was named the enhanced intracellular survival (eis) gene. By using an internal region of eis as a probe for Southern analysis, eis was found in the genomic DNA of various M. tuberculosis strains and of Mycobacterium bovis BCG but not in that of M. smegmatis or 10 other nonpathogenic mycobacterial species. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that all M. smegmatis eis-containing constructs expressed a unique protein of 42 kDa, the predicted size of Eis. The expression of this 42-kDa protein directly correlated to the enhanced survival of M. smegmatis p69 in U-937 cells. These results suggest a possible role for eis and its protein product in the intracellular survival of M. tuberculosis.
How to improve the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (1999)

evidence, together with follow-up of the patients still living and those who died without autopsy, revealed a patients initially notified as suspected Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease to a Surveillance Unit in Go ttingen, Germany. Six broad range of other diagnoses. In the younger age groups, the commonest were chronic inflammatory patients were diagnosed as having genetic prion disease by blood analysis and were excluded from the study. After diseases including Hashimoto encephalitis, whilst rapidly progressive Alzheimer's disease was most common in the examination and review of the remaining 358, 193 were classified as probable Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. How-older age groups. The presence of 14-3-3 protein in the CSF discriminated better between Creutzfeldt-Jakob ever, autopsy revealed that five of the 193 did not have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (four cases, Alzheimer's disease and other rapidly progressive dementias than did the EEG pattern or the MRI. The inclusion of this CSF disease; one case, cerebral lymphoma). Of the 54 patients classified as possible Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, 10 had protein in the criteria of Masters and colleagues (Ann Neurol 1979; 5: 177-88) improves the accuracy and another diagnosis made at autopsy. Two of the 111 cases originally classified as having other diseases were found confidence in the clinical diagnosis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. to have Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease on autopsy. Autopsy
A Joint Indoor WLAN Localization and Outlier Detection Scheme Using LASSO and Elastic-Net Optimization Techniques (2016)

In this paper, we introduce two indoor Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) positioning methods using augmented sparse recovery algorithms. These schemes render a sparse user's position vector, and in parallel, minimize the distance between the online measurement and radio map. The overall localization scheme for both methods consists of three steps: 1) coarse localization, obtained from comparing the online measurements with clustered radio map. A novel graph-based method is proposed to cluster the offline fingerprints. In the online phase, a Region Of Interest (ROI) is selected within which we search for the user's location. 2) Access Point (AP) selection and 3) fine localization through the novel sparse recovery algorithms. Since the online measurements are subject to inordinate measurement readings, called outliers, the sparse recovery methods are modified in order to jointly estimate the outliers and user's position vector. The outlier detection procedure identifies the APs whose readings are either not available or erroneous. The proposed localization methods have been tested with Received Signal Strength (RSS) measurements in a typical office environment and the results show that they can localize the user with significantly high accuracy and resolution which is superior to the results from competing WLAN fingerprinting localization methods.
Japan's uneasy citizens and the U.S.-Japan alliance (2001)

For more about the East-West Center, see <a href="http://www.eastwestcenter.org/">http://www.eastwestcenter.org/</a>
Research on Key Technology of Three-Dimensional Laser Scanning Data Processing (2013)

This paper mainly studies the key technology of three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning data. This paper from the basic principles to introduce the 3D laser scanning system. In the 3D laser scanner collected large amounts of data, we need to process the data so that data can be transferred and researched, So this paper also introduces the key contents of the point cloud data processing, respectively, from the point cloud data fairing denoising, compression and curve and surface fitting three aspects of the data processing for detailed analysis. The final result is to give discrete point cloud data to be realistic synthetic surfaces, and apply it in the protection of cultural relics, mapping technology, virtual reality and so on.
Human HLA-G+ extravillous trophoblasts: Immune-activating cells that interact with decidual leukocytes (2015)

Invading human leukocyte antigen-G+ (HLA-G+) extravillous trophoblasts (EVT) are rare cells that are believed to play a key role in the prevention of a maternal immune attack on foreign fetal tissues. Here highly purified HLA-G+ EVT and HLA-G- villous trophoblasts (VT) were isolated. Culture on fibronectin that EVT encounter on invading the uterus increased HLA-G, EGF-Receptor-2, and LIF-Receptor expression on EVT, presumably representing a further differentiation state. Microarray and functional gene set enrichment analysis revealed a striking immune-activating potential for EVT that was absent in VT. Cocultures of HLA-G+ EVT with sample matched decidual natural killer cells (dNK), macrophages, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were established. Interaction of EVT with CD4+ T cells resulted in increased numbers of CD4+CD25(HI)FOXP3+CD45RA+ resting regulatory T cells (Treg) and increased the expression level of the Treg-specific transcription factor FOXP3 in these cells. However, EVT did not enhance cytokine secretion in dNK, whereas stimulation of dNK with mitogens or classical natural killer targets confirmed the distinct cytokine secretion profiles of dNK and peripheral blood NK cells (pNK). EVT are specialized cells involved in maternal-fetal tolerance, the properties of which are not imitated by HLA-G-expressing surrogate cell lines.
Efficient Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (hiPSC) Derived Hepatocyte-Like Cells on hMSCs Feeder. (2014)

we suggested a successful and efficient culture for differentiation and maturation of hepatocytes on an alternative human feeders; this is an important step to generate safe and functional hepatocytes that is vital for regenerative medicine and transplantation on the cell-based therapies.
A three-pathway psychobiological model of craving for alcohol. (1999)

In this article, by reviewing the psychological, psychophysiological, neurobiological, and psychopharmacological literature on craving for alcohol, it is argued that converging evidence from several disciplines suggests a three-pathway psychobiological model of craving. Essential to this model is the appreciation of the role of individual differences in affect regulation strategies or personality styles, conditionability, sensitivity to alcohol's effects, and related dysregulations in distinct neural circuitries or neurotransmitter systems. These factors are of crucial importance to a proper understanding of the nature of craving, its underlying mechanisms and different manifestations. As a first pathway, it is suggested that reward craving or desire for the rewarding, stimulating and/or enhancing effects of alcohol might result from either dopaminergic/opioidergic dysregulation or a personality style characterized by reward seeking or a combination of both. As a second pathway, it is suggested that relief craving or desire for the reduction of tension or arousal might result from either gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic/glutamatergic dysregulation or a personality style characterized by stress reactivity or a combination of both. Obsessive craving, the result of the third pathway, can be defined as lack of control over intrusive thoughts about drinking resulting in impaired functioning. This type of craving might result either from a serotonin deficiency or a personality style characterized by low constraint or disinhibition or a combination of both. The putative implications of this three-pathway model for the assessment of alcohol craving, diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, and future research on craving, are discussed.
Postinfection control by bacteriophage T4 of Escherichia coli recBC nuclease activity (1976)

Infection by bacteriophage T4 has previously been shown to cause a rapid inhibition of the host recBC DNase, an ATP-dependent DNase that is required for genetic recombination in Escherichia coli. We report here the partial purification of a protein ("T4 rec inhibitor") from extracts of T4-infected cells and some characteristics of the in vitro inhibition reaction with purified inhibitor and recBC nuclease. This inhibitory activity could not be purified from extracts of uninfected E. coli. Both the ATP-dependent exonuclease and DNA-dependent ATPase activities of recBC DNase are inhibited by T4 rec inhibitor. Experiments suggest that the inhibitor interacts with the nuclease in a stoichiometric manner. The biological significance of this inhibition is discussed with respect to control reactions in phage-infected cells.
Stability Analysis of Non-Foster Circuit Using Normalized Determinant Function (2017)

Non-Foster elements are highly desired to overcome the bandwidth limit of electrically small antennas, cloaking, and metamaterials. However, they are prone to be unstable and thus it is quite challenging to implement non-Foster circuits in practice. Hence a rigorous and effective method of analyzing the stability should always be the priority when designing a non-Foster network. This paper applies normalized determinant function to analyze the stability of non-Foster circuits. A floating-version negative capacitor based on Linvill's negative impedance converter is taken as the example. Factors affecting the stability in the practical design are thoroughly investigated, including device parasitics, dc biasing, distributed transmission line in the layout and load impedance. Circuit parameters are substituted with practical values to reduce the complexity of calculation. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the analysis.
Immunotherapy in Soft-Tissue Sarcoma (2020)

Soft-tissue sarcoma (sts) is a rare mesenchymal malignancy that accounts for less than 1% of all adult tumours. Despite the successful advancement of localized therapies such as surgery and radiotherapy, these tumours can, for many, recur-often with metastatic disease. In the advanced setting, the role of systemic therapies is modest and is associated with poor survival. With the discovery of immunotherapies in other tumour types such as melanoma and lung cancer, interest has been renewed in exploring immunotherapy in sts. The biology of some stss makes them ripe for immunotherapy intervention; for example, some stss might have chromosomal translocations resulting in pathognomonic fusion products that have been shown to express cancer/testis antigens. Here, we present a targeted review of the published data and ongoing clinical trials for immunotherapies in patients with sarcoma, which comprise immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapies, and cancer vaccines.
A nuclear matrix antigen HeLa and other human malignant cells. (1982)

Antisera were obtained in rabbits to preparations of dehistonized chromatin from HeLa cells. By complement fixation assays, the antisera reacted with HeLa cell chromatin but only marginally with human placenta chromatin. The complement-fixing reactivity of the antisera was inversely related to the amount of dehistonized chromatin used for immunization. Immunochemical staining of electrophoretically separated chromosomal proteins transferred to nitrocellulose sheets revealed numerous antigens in chromatin preparations from several human tumors, placenta, and normal kidney. While immunoabsorption of the antisera with placenta chromatin removed some of the immunochemical staining, many of the electrophoretically separated antigens resisted repeated immunoabsorptions. However, further comparisons revealed that only one major protein antigen (band at an approximate molecular weight of 81,000) was represented in all the assayed human tumors while being absent from human placenta or kidney. Fractionation of HeLa cells into three cytoplasmic and several nuclear fractions showed that almost all the antigens recognized by antisera to dehistonized chromatin were nuclear. The antigenic protein with an approximately molecular weight of 81,000 was found associated with the nuclear matrix fraction.
Sulphur-Graphene Composite for Practical Lithium Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Spiranes. X. Aminospiranes<sup>1,2a</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpiranes. X. Aminospiranes1,2aLeonard M. Rice, Edward C. Dobbs, and Charles H. GroganCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 6, 825–829Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00330a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00330a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A New Method for Elimination of the Clock Jitter Effects in Continuous Time Delta-Sigma Modulators (2005)

In this paper the spectral density of the additive jitter noise in continuous time (CT) Delta-Sigma modulators (DSM) is derived analytically. Making use of the analytic results, extracted in this paper, a novel method for elimination of the damaging effects of the clock jitter in continuous time Delta-Sigma modulators is proposed. In this method instead of the conventional waveforms used in the feedback path of CT DSM's such as the non return to-zero, the return to-zero, and the half delay return to-zero, an impulse waveform is employed.
External Stereotactic Irradiation by Linear Accelerator (1985)

Stereotactic radiotherapy has two advantages: (a) the possibility of giving high radiation doses to small but spatially well-defined target volumes and (b) the presence of a stepped dose gradient between the target volume and the surrounding healthy tissues. To utilize these advantages, the authors built a new stereotactic head frame by which the intracranial target is fixed to the rotational isocenter of a 4-MV linear accelerator. The collimator openings are selected according to the volume and the three-dimensional configuration of the target, and the radiation dose is based on the radiosensitivity of the lesion. After the patient is fixed to the frame, the radiation source and the patient are rotated so that the target is irradiated through infinite portals distributed over the convexity of the skull. It is thereby possible to obtain very high radiation doses centered into the target with a stepped dose gradient. The preliminary radiodosimetric tests and the operative technique are described. The advantages of this technique compared to interstitial radiotherapy and Leksell's radiosurgery are emphasized. This noninvasive procedure has been used to treat a series of intracranial tumors.
Geochemistry of Atmospheric Radon and Radon Products (1977)

The following topics are discussed: measurement of the radon-222 flux to the atmosphere; measurement of the lead-210 atmospheric flux; and the mean residence time of aerosols. A total global model is proposed for radon-222 and its daughters.
Polymorphism and drug release behavior of spray-dried microcapsules of sulfamethoxazole with polysaccharide gum and colloidal silica (1983)

Sulfamethoxazole microcapsules with polysaccharide gum, i.e. xanthan gum and guar gum, were prepared by employing a spray drying technique. The aqueous or the ammonium hydroxide solution of the gum containing the drug with or without colloidal silica was atomized with a centrifugal wheel atomizer rotated at 40000 rpm into a drying chamber held at 140±10°C. By formulation with colloidal silica, particle size of the resultant product increased, leading to improve the flowability and packability for the tableting. Polymorphic sulfamethoxazole mixture of Form I, II and III was produced in the formulation with cellulose acetate
46,Xinv(Yp+q-) in four generations of an Indian family. (1972)

Pericentric inversion of the human Y chromo- some has been reported infrequently but it is known to be an inherited anomaly. Several individuals with such an inversion had concomitant karyotypic irregularities, amongst which trisomy 21, gonosome mosaicism, and the 47,XXY karyotype were com- mon (Sparkes, Muller, and Veomett, 1970). This led to speculation that inversion of the Y chromo- some signalled an increased tendency for non-dis- junction to occur in the progeny of 46,Xinv (Yp + q -) carriers. The discovery by Walzer, Breau, and Gerald (1969) of an inverted Y in 2 of 1332 phenotypically normal newborn males sug- gested that the inversion might be relatively com- mon.
Poly(<i>N</i><sup>5</sup>‐benzyl‐l‐glutamine)‐coated silica gels as chiral stationary phase for direct resolution of hydantoins (1993)

Abstract Poly( N 5 ‐benzyl‐L‐glutamine) (PNLG), Poly[ N 5 ‐(+)‐1‐phenylethyl‐L‐glutamine] [P(+)NLG], and poly[ N 5 ‐(±)‐1 phenylethyl‐L‐glutamine) [P(±)NLG] were synthesized from poly [γ‐(β‐chloroethyl)‐L‐glutamate], which, in turn, was obtained by ester exchange of poly(γ‐methyl‐L‐glutamate) with 2‐chlorethanol. The PNLG was found to exist mainly in an α‐helical conformation in the film state by using circular dichroic and infrared spectra. Moreover, the PNLG, P (+) NLG, and P (±) NLG have been coated on macroporous silica gels (10μm) and packed as chiral stationary phases for direct chromatographic resolution of 10 hydantoins. The column bearing PNLG resolved satisfactorily four hydantoins (α = 1.34–1.73), and the enantioselectivity (α) increased with the bulkiness of 5‐substituent in hydantoins. On the other hand, an increase in 2‐propanol concentration of the eluent (2‐propanol/hexane) resulted in a smooth decrease of the capacity factor. However, the selectivity (α) increased slightly, indicating that the α‐helix of PNLG plays an important role in chiral resolution. From these results, it is concluded that the main chiral recognition force is the steric hindrance between the 5‐substituents of hydantoin and the side chains of PNLG. The temperature effect on the resolution of the hydantoins by PNLG was also investigated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Formation of Tarry Material from 5-HMF in Subcritical and Supercritical Water (2009)

The compound 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is thought to be an intermediate for the formation of tarry material in the supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of biomass. To gain insight on the formation mechanism of tarry material, we examined 5-HMF under both subcritical and supercritical conditions. The experiments of this study were conducted in a continuous reactor designed for an instant heating of 5-HMF solution to the reaction temperature. The reaction temperatures were set at 350 and 450 °C, and the pressure was set at 25 MPa. The initial concentration of 5-HMF and the residence time were adjusted in the range of 0.02−0.15 M (at room temperature) and 80−3000 s, respectively. The formation of char particles was only observed under the subcritical conditions. Char yield increased as the initial concentration of 5-HMF rose, with a reaction order of 4.29, with respect to 5-HMF concentration. The liquid products obtained from the 5-HMF decomposition also contributed to the polymerization to form char, with a reaction order of 1.21, based on their concentration. The sensitivity analysis indicated the high sensitivity of reaction orders on the char yield. The liquid products were identified by liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy (LC/MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The char particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectrometry. The char characterization results implied that the char particles formed had a polyaromatic structure. Based on our experimental findings, we proposed a mechanism of char particle formation from 5-HMF.