gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The relationship between neuron-specific enolase and prognosis of patients with acute traumatic brain injury (2015)

<strong>Objective</strong> To investigate the relationship between neuron-specific enolase (NSE) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the prognosis of TBI patients. <strong>Methods </strong> A total of 89 patients with acute TBI were divided into light, medium, heavy and severe TBI groups based on admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Serum NSE expression levels were detected in all cases and NSE levels in CSF were detected in 18 cases within 12 h after TBI. The expression levels of serum NSE in 20 normal people, except cases of lung disease and nervous system damage, were detected as a control group. <strong>Results</strong> Compared with the control group, serum NSE expression levels of patients in each TBI group were elevated (<em>P</em> < 0.05, for all), and the NSE levels in severe and heavy TBI groups were higher than that in medium and light groups (<em>P</em> < 0.05, for all). The serum NSE expression levels of patients with cerebral contusion were higher than that of patients with diffuse axonal injury (DAI, <em>P</em> = 0.025), subdural hematoma (<em>P</em> = 0.031) and epidural hematoma (<em>P</em> = 0.021). Serum NSE expression levels were negatively correlated with GCS score (<em>r<sub>s</sub></em> = - 0.327, <em>P</em> = 0.024) and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score (<em>r<sub>s</sub></em> = - 0.252, <em>P</em> = 0.049). The NSE expression levels of CSF in severe and heavy TBI patients were higher than that of serum (<em>P</em> = 0.039, 0.031). <strong>Conclusions</strong> NSE expression changes can be evaluated as an auxiliary indicator in reflecting the degree of acute TBI, typing diagnosis and prognostic evaluation, and NSE levels of CSF is more sensitive than that of serum. <strong>DOI: </strong>10.3969/j.issn.1672-6731.2015.03.013
Purification and immunological characterization of a major low-molecular-weight lipoprotein from Borrelia burgdorferi (1992)

Borrelia burgdorferi resembles gram-negative bacteria in having both cellular and outer membranes. We previously showed that a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-like material could be extracted from B. burgdorferi with phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP). The PCP extract of B. burgdorferi exhibited biological activity in several in vitro assays (e.g., mitogenicity, pyrogenicity, and cytokine release). These activities suggested the presence of endotoxin. The PCP extract of B. burgdorferi, however, also contained a small amount of protein. Preliminary studies showed that monoclonal antibody prepared against this protein inhibited the mitogenic activity of the PCP extract toward murine spleen cells. The current study was therefore undertaken to characterize this protein and to establish methods for its separation from the LPS. The PCP-extracted protein consisted of a single, low-molecular-weight lipoprotein (apparent M(r), 10,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) (SDS-PAGE). By protein analysis, it accounted for 2% of the dry weight of defatted cells, thus making it a major constituent of the spirochete. It was purified from the LPS by initial extraction into 10% Triton X-100 followed by immunoaffinity chromatography in the presence of detergent. On removal of the LPS, the purified lipoprotein formed aggregates stable to SDS-PAGE which were detectable on Western blots (immunoblots) probed with either the monoclonal antibody or polyclonal antiserum. From a plot of the aggregate molecular weight versus aggregate size, a monomer molecular weight of 7,500 was obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence with the monoclonal antibody showed that the lipoprotein was exposed at the surface of the spirochete in only a small percentage of cells. The lipoprotein was present in several strains of B. burgdorferi but absent in other Borrelia spp., treponemes, and gram-negative human pathogens, indicating species specificity.
Implication of Gut Microbiota in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (2015)

International audience
Steady Flow in the Transition Length of a Straight Tube (1942)

Abstract By means of a linearizing approximation, the Navier-Stokes equations are solved for the case of steady flow in the transition length of a straight tube. The family of velocity profiles is defined by Bessel functions, and the parameter of this family is tabulated against the axial co-ordinate in a dimensionless form. Hence, the length of transition is obtained. The curves give a comparison of the author’s calculations of the velocity field with those of other investigators, and with the experimental data of Nikuradse. The pressure function is derived from the computed velocity field by means of the energy equation, and the pressure drop in the transition length is defined by a dimensionless constant m, which is computed to be 2.28. A discussion of this constant is given in the conclusions.
A self-balancing circuit to measure capacitance and loss conductance for industrial transducer applications (1996)

This paper describes a capacitance and loss conductance measuring circuit for the use in industrial transducers. The circuit is based on self-balancing principle and it is immune to stray capacitance. The balancing process is controlled by a micro-controller. The capacitance and loss conductance are represented by the digital feedback signals or by the combination of the feedback signals with the forward path signals. Experimental results show that the circuit has high resolution (0:04 fF) and good linearity (0.999).
500-Kilodalton calcium sensor regulating cytoplasmic Ca2+ in cytotrophoblast cells of human placenta. (1990)

Two monoclonal IgG antibodies E11 and G11, which react with parathyroid and kidney tubule cells, are in the present communication demonstrated to immunostain the surface of cytotrophoblast cells in human placenta. The G11 but not the E11 antibody has earlier been found to interfere with the sensing and gating of extracellular calcium in parathyroid cells. Microfluorometric measurement of the cytoplasmic calcium (Ca2+i) concentration was performed on suspended placental cells loaded with fura-2. The E11-positive placental cells displayed biphasic and parathyroid-like increases in Ca2+i in response to extracellular Ca2+. This increase was blocked by the G11 antibody and absent in the E11-negative placental cells. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was constructed in which the G11 and E11 antibodies were shown to react with the same molecule. This calcium sensor was isolated and found to consist of a single, glycosylated polypeptide of approximately 500 kDa.
Marine Lipids as Affected by Processing and Their Quality Preservation by Natural Antioxidants (2002)

Interest in marine oils and seafoods has been intensified because of beneficial health effects ascribed to their longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) components. These relate to the prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular disease, rheumatoid arthritis and other disorders has been realized and led to their use in a variety of products. The LC PUFA in marine oils include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and to a lesser extent docosapentaenoic acid (DPA). Oils rich in LCPUFA originate from algal sources as well as the liver of lean fish, body of fatty fish and blubber of marine mammals. Due to their high degree of unsaturation, marine lipids and seafoods are highly susceptible to oxidation during processing and storage. Thus, their stabilization with antioxidants and use of appropriate packaging conditions is necessary. In addition, LCPUFA concentrates produced via physical, chemical or enzymatic processing provide specialty products that are of interest as nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals.
Reference distributions for the positive acute phase proteins, ?1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), ?1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin: A comparison of a large cohort to the world?s literature (2000)

Limiting bedside use of positive acute phase protein measurements (alpha1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid), alpha1-antitrypsin, and haptoglobin) has been the lack of satisfactory methods for quantifying serum levels and a credible reference material. Great strides have been made in the last few years. The remaining barrier to more relevant and cost-effective use of serum protein data for diagnosis and prognosis is the availability of reliable reference intervals from birth to old age for both males and females. Sixty publications reporting reference intervals have been identified which meet the criteria used in our prior two studies, and these have been analyzed statistically. Previous small studies of these individual proteins agree on average, over their constrained age ranges, with our life-long reference ranges. This meta-analysis provides support for our reference ranges and places them in the perspective of previous publications.
Dendrimers Bind Antioxidant Polyphenols and cisPlatin Drug (2012)

Synthetic polymers of a specific shape and size play major role in drug delivery systems. Dendrimers are unique synthetic macromolecules of nanometer dimensions with a highly branched structure and globular shape with potential applications in gene and drug delivery. We examine the interaction of several dendrimers of different compositions mPEG-PAMAM (G3), mPEG-PAMAM (G4) and PAMAM (G4) with hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs cisplatin, resveratrol, genistein and curcumin at physiological conditions. FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopic methods as well as molecular modeling were used to analyse drug binding mode, the binding constant and the effects of drug complexation on dendrimer stability and conformation. Structural analysis showed that cisplatin binds dendrimers in hydrophilic mode via Pt cation and polymer terminal NH(2) groups, while curcumin, genistein and resveratrol are located mainly in the cavities binding through both hydrophobic and hydrophilic contacts. The overall binding constants of durg-dendrimers are ranging from 10(2) M(-1) to 10(3) M(-1). The affinity of dendrimer binding was PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G4>mPEG-PAMAM-G3, while the order of drug-polymer stability was curcumin>cisplatin>genistein>resveratrol. Molecular modeling showed larger stability for genisten-PAMAM-G4 (ΔG = -4.75 kcal/mol) than curcumin-PAMAM-G4 ((ΔG = -4.53 kcal/mol) and resveratrol-PAMAM-G4 ((ΔG = -4.39 kcal/mol). Dendrimers might act as carriers to transport hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs.
Development of New Composites; Ceramic Bonded Carbon (2009)

The new carbon composites which we named Ceramic Bonded Carbon (CBC) consist of carbon grains bonded with ceramic grainboundaries. The CBC structure can protect carbon against oxidation and improve the strength due to the three dimensional network of ceramic grainboundaries. We have developed two processing routes for different CBCs. One is for a SiC/CBC which was fabricated by SiC coating on carbon particles through the reaction of SiO vapor and carbon at 1500°C in vacuum and their consolidation at 2000°C for 20 min using a pulsed electric current sintering. Another approach is for a Si₃N₄/CBC by gelcasting, the preform of CBC and consolidation at 1500°C for 5 min. Both CBC compacts exhibited similar microstructures to the CBC model having the ceramic grainboundaries of SiC and Si₃N₄ with thicknesses below 3μm. They had the bulk density in the range of 2.2 to 2.5 g/㎤, relative density of about 90%, bending strength of 115 to 150 MPa, and electrical resistivity of 60 to 1800 μΩm. These results suggest that the CBCs have a large potential to extend the performance and application of carbon materials.
Practical Approaches to Supplementary Stabilizing from Accelerating Power (1978)

Use of accelerating power to provide damping of synchronous machine oscillations through supplementary control of excitation has significant advantages. However, true accelerating power derived from Mechanical and Electrical power presents difficult measurement problems. A practical approach of deriving stabilizing action comparable to that obtainable with accelerating power is described using measurement of electrical power and frequency of a voltage synthesized from machine terminal voltage and current.
Irrigation for vegetable crops in Iowa (1933)

Does it pay to irrigate vegetable crops in Iowa?\nWhat does it cost to irrigate? and under what conditions are these costs, plus a profit, returned to the vegetable grower?\nNo complete answer to these questions can be given, because of the widely varying conditions involved—differences of rainfall, of crops, of costs, of soil, of topography. But considerable light is thrown on them by experiments which the Vegetable Crops Subsection of the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station has conducted during several years at Ames and on “Muscatine Island.’’
Endothelin Receptor Antagonists in Diabetic Nephropathy (2010)

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease and affects an estimated 150 million people worldwide. Despite optimal treatment, including glycaemic control and antihypertensive therapy (e.g., renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system [RAS] blockade), the disease progresses. A ‘late escape’ phenomenon has been described, where proteinuria reappears despite continued RAS blockade. The endothelin (ET) system is strongly involved in the pathophysiology of the disease and contributes to vasoconstriction, inflammation and proliferation. ET antagonists are promising drugs that potently slow down disease progression in animal models and have beneficial effects on cardiac structure, mitochondrial damage and microvascular architecture. However, the available ET antagonists, at least in higher doses, may also inhibit tubular endothelin receptors subtype B, which promote sodium and water excretion. The three clinical trials with avosentan and atrasentan published so far show the unique nephroprotective effects of these drugs, with a reduction of up to 45 % in albuminuria. However, fluid retention, oedema and, in higher stages of chronic kidney disease, heart failure limit their use. The reason may be that we have been using too high doses of these ET antagonists so far and they are inhibiting tubular sodium and water excretion. Thus, we will need to learn more about the role of ET and its antagonists in the tubular and collecting duct system, and on how to use these potent drugs in DN. ET antagonists are among the most promising molecules for the treatment of nephropathies. We should definitely not abandon these drugs because of the initial drawbacks in the first clinical trials.
Evidence for limited activation of distinct CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell subsets in response to the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> circumsporozoite protein in Papua New Guinea (1994)

Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as antibody, are known to be important in sporozoite immunity. Data from animal studies suggest that cytokines, in particular gamma-interferon and interleukin-6, are involved. The interplay of these various factors and their importance in vaccine development has, however, not yet been elucidated. In this study, we have studied cellular and humoral responses of individuals naturally exposed to malaria in a highly endemic region of Papua New Guinea to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum, a prime vaccine candidate antigen. A paucity of any CD4+ lymphoproliferative response to this protein by Papua New Guineans was notable which parallels our recent observation of a paucity of CD8+ T cell response and contrasts markedly with the responses of other endemic populations. There was nevertheless a significant antibody response to the central conserved B cell epitope, (NANP)n, as well as to other critical epitopes. An inverse relationship between gamma-interferon production and interleukin-6 production and a positive correlation between gamma-interferon production and CS peptide-specific lymphoproliferation was observed. High levels of peptide-specific IL-6 production were associated with high levels of peptide-specific serum antibodies. Our data provide evidence for the limited activation of distinct CD4+ T cell subsets and for the existence of functionally distinct subpopulations of human CD4+ T cells with respect to cytokines known to be important in sporozoite immunity.
A CURRENT MODE INDUCTIVE PICK-UP FOR BEAM POSITION AND CURRENT MEASUREMENT (2005)

An Inductive Pick-Up (IPU) senses the azimuthal distribution of the beam image current. Its construction is similar to a wall current monitor, but the pick-up inner wall is divided into electrodes, each of which forms the primary winding of a toroidal transformer. The beam image current component flowing along each electrode is transformed into a secondary winding, connected to a pick-up output. Such sensors are operated in the CERN CTF3 Drive Beam Linac [1]. This paper describes a similar device developed for the CERN Linac 2 to PSB transfer line. To cope with two orders of magnitude longer beam pulses, the new sensor is operated in current mode. The transformers drive transresistance amplifiers (TRA), converting transformer currents into voltages, which in turn are processed by an active hybrid circuit (AHC), producing one sum (Σ) signal, proportional to the beam current, and two difference (∆) signals proportional also to the horizontal and vertical beam positions. The bandwidth of the Σ and ∆ signals spans 6 and 5 decades, respectively. The transformers have an additional one-turn winding to which a pulse from a precise current source can be applied to calibrate the sensor.
Using rituximab (anti-CD20 antibody) in a patient with paraneoplastic pemphigus. (2003)

Paraneoplastic pemphaigus (PNP) is a rare autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering disease that is commonly associated with underlying B-cell neoplasms. There is no standard therapy for PNP. Potent immunosuppression has been the only potentially effective treatment in the setting of malignancy because there is no correlation between tumor burden and activity of disease. Two recent case reports have noted the resolution of lesions of PNP after treatment of the underlying CD20+ B-cell lymphomas with rituximab. Rituximab is an anti-CD20 antibody that has had some success in treating proliferative B-cell disorders. We report a case of PNP in the setting of B-cell lymphoma that did not respond to this novel therapy, and discuss rituximab's putative mechanism of action along with the clinical settings in which this novel therapy may prove useful in the treatment of PNP.
Patients' Lived Experience in Rehabilitating from Stroke (2001)

Stroke is known as a detrimental disease that leaves serious sequelae. The stroke patients suffer from limitations of physical and social activities. The patients try to adapt themselves to the limitations in order to achieve rehabilitation. This study was performed to clarify the lived experience of rehabilitation from the stroke patients. In collecting data for this study, in-depth personal interviews were made by a researcher from February to April in 2001 at rehabilitation clinics and physical therapy centers locate in Iksan city. The methodological approach was van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology in order to understand the meaning and nature of stroke patients' experiences in rehabilitating their physical limitations. Collected data were analyzed with phenomenological way of study that was develope by van Manen. The 8 patients who agreed to participate in this research were inter viewed by researcher under the private and comfortable environment. Personal interviews were done three or five times per each patients and each interview took 70 to 90 minutes. The statements were analyzed and finally revealed three essential themes : Theme 1 - Desperateness to achieve freedom again Theme 2 - Seizing hope of recovering Theme 3 - Seeking support from family members, relatives and friends Based on these themes, stroke patients' rehabilitation experience are described as following. The stroke patients have strong desire to achieve freedom again in order to escape from social isolation. The stroke patients want to go back to the state of their previous health state. The stroke patients strongly try to do anything for their recovering and also to have positive thinking. In the other hand, they feel pity for themselves through desperation, fear, sorrow, and self-pity. The stroke patients have dissatisfaction about neighbors' rumor and attitude toward themselves. The stroke patients have experiences to rely on neighbors' support seeking a warm word of consolation. This research showed us that van Manen's hermeneutic phenomenological methodology leads us to understand stroke patients' rehabilitation process more comprehensibly. Based on this research, it is suggested that further studies provide a foundation for the development of a rehabilitation theory for Korean stroke patients.
Unsupervised Identification of Study Descriptors in Toxicology Research: An Experimental Study (2018)

Drahomira Herrmannova, Steven Young, Robert Patton, Christopher Stahl, Nicole Kleinstreuer, Mary Wolfe. Proceedings of the Ninth International Workshop on Health Text Mining and Information Analysis. 2018.
Correlation between Aphids, Aphidiinae and Hyperparasitoids in Different Habitats (2017)

Aphids are one of the major pests of economical crops in China. Field surveys showed that Macrosiphum avence, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum, Myzus persicae, Aphis glycines and Lipaphis erysimi are the main aphid species found in agricultural fields. Besides lady beetles and spiders, aphidiine braconids also play an important role in controlling aphids, including Ephedrus plagiator, E. nacheri, Aphidius euenae, Diaeretiella rapae, A. ervi, and A. picipes. However, Aphidiinae are also attacked by many hyperparasitoids, which include Aphidencyrtus aphidivorus, Pachyneuron aphidis, Asaphes vulgaris, Lygocerus koebelai and Figites sp.
Frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Gram-negative bacteremia isolates in patients with urinary tract infection: results from United States and European hospitals (2009–2011) (2013)

We evaluated the frequency of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacteria isolated from bacteremic patients with UTI from European (EU) and United States (USA) hospitals during a 3-year period (2009-2011). Susceptibility testing was performed by the reference broth microdilution method on 2071 Gram-negative bacilli. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Escherichia coli (63·3/71·3% in USA/EU), Klebsiella spp. (16·7/11·2%) and Proteus mirabilis (6·4/5·0%). Escherichia coli susceptibility rates were generally similar in the USA and EU, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-phenotype rates at 8·1% in both regions. Among Klebsiella spp., ESBL rates varied from 11·4/17·1% in 2009 to 16·1/40·4% in 2011 in USA/EU, and susceptibility rates were generally lower in EU compared to the USA. Pseudomonas aeruginosa exhibited lower susceptibility rates to ceftazidime, meropenem and piperacillin/tazobactam in EU (78·4, 78·4 and 76·5%, respectively) compared to USA (91·2, 88·2 and 91·2%, respectively). In summary, very few antimicrobials provided satisfactory coverage (>90%) when tested against Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa isolates in EU.