gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From dead leaves to high energy density supercapacitors (2013)

Functional microporous conducting carbon with a high surface area of about 1230 m2 g−1 is synthesized by single-step pyrolysis of dead plant leaves (dry waste, ground powder) without any activation and studied for supercapacitor application. We suggest that the activation is provided by the natural constituents in the leaves composed of soft organics and metals. Although the detailed study performed and reported here is on dead Neem leaves (Azadirachta indica), the process is clearly generic and applicable to most forms of dead leaves. Indeed we have examined the case of dead Ashoka leaves as well. The comparison between the Neem and Ashoka leaves brings out the importance of the constitution and composition of the bio-source in the nature of carbon formed and its properties. We also discuss and compare the cases of pyrolysis of green leaves as well as un-ground dead leaves with that of ground dead leaf powder studied in full detail. The concurrent high conductivity and microporosity realized in our carbonaceous materials are key to the high energy supercapacitor application. Indeed, our synthesized functional carbon exhibits a very high specific capacitance of 400 F g−1 and an energy density of 55 W h kg−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 in aqueous 1 M H2SO4. The areal capacitance value of the carbon derived from dead (Neem) plant leaves (CDDPL) is also significantly high (32 μF cm−2). In an organic electrolyte the material shows a specific capacitance of 88 F g−1 at a current density of 2 A g−1.
Localization of a Quantitative Trait Locus Providing Brown Stem Rot Resistance in the Soybean Cultivar Bell (2005)

Many soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] genotypes that carry resistance to soybean cyst nematode ( Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) (SCN) from plant introduction (PI) 88788 also carry resistance to brown stem rot (BSR) caused by the soilborne fungus Phialophora gregata (Allington & Chamberlain) W. Gams f. sp. sojae Kobayashi, Yamamoto, Negishi, and Ogoshi. The objectives of our research were to map and localize BSR resistance quantitative trait loci (QTL) from Bell, a BSR resistant cultivar with SCN resistance from PI 88788. Initial mapping was done with a population of 93 F 4 –derived lines developed from a cross between Bell and the SCN and BSR susceptible cultivar, Colfax. Lines were evaluated for BSR resistance in two field environments, a greenhouse, and with genetic markers from linkage group (LG) J. To confirm and further localize a resistance QTL, three near isogenic line (NIL) populations were created using an F 4 –derived line from the Bell × Colfax population. In the F 4 population, markers on LG J were significantly ( P < 0.001) associated with BSR resistance in both the field ( R 2 = 45%) and greenhouse ( R 2 = 51%). Data from the NIL populations indicates the QTL is near the closely linked markers 21E22.sp1, 21E22.sp2, and 35E22.sp1, which is the same genetic region where Rbs1 , Rbs2 , and Rbs3 , the three named BSR resistance genes, were previously mapped. In addition, the genetic region is tightly linked to a previously identified SCN resistance QTL from PI 88788. These results explain why many SCN resistant cultivars also carry BSR resistance and should assist breeders when selecting for resistance to both diseases.
The anorectic response to growth hormone in obese rats is associated with increased ketogenesis: A short communication (2013)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether obese rats with a strong anorectic response to growth hormone also showed signs of increased hepatic ketogenesis as reflected in circulating β-hydroxybutyrate levels. Rats with diet-induced obesity were allocated to one of two groups, receiving either vehicle (n = 7) or 4 mg/kg/d of growth hormone (n = 13) for 4 days. This latter group was later split into a group of responders (n = 8) showing a cumulated reduction of food intake of more than 4 g from base line during the last two days of administrations and a group of non-responders (n = 5). The cumulated reduction of food intake from baseline among the responders was 10.8 ±1.5 g. The corresponding marginal reductions in the non-responder and vehicle groups were 0.5 ±3.4 gand 0.5 ±3.7 g, respectively. Growth hormone administration generally increased serum levels of β-hydroxybutyrate and free fatty acids, compared with vehicle, whereas triglycerides were decreased. Among the responders this effect was statistically significant in all instances whereas the same trend was weaker among non-responders. The main finding of the present study was that the serum β-hydroxybutyrate levels of 0.76 ± 0.11 mmol/l among responders was three times higher than non-responders (p
Systems modelling in animal production research : an interactive case study : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Massey University (1982)

Content removed due to copyright restrictions:\nMiller, C.P. (1980). Modelling the contribution of forage crops to production, profitability and stability of north island dairy systems. Proceedings of the New Zealand society of animal production, 40: 64-7
Power Distribution System Synchrophasors with Non-Gaussian Errors: Real-World Measurements and Analysis (2018)

This letter studies the synchrophasor measurement error of electric power distribution systems with on-line and off-line measurements using graphical and numerical tests. It demonstrates that the synchrophasor measurement error follows a non-Gaussian distribution instead of the traditionally-assumed Gaussian distribution. It suggests the need to use non-Gaussian or Gaussian mixture models to represent the synchrophasor measurement error. These models are more realistic to accurately represent the error than the traditional Gaussian model. The measurements and underlying analysis will be helpful for the understanding of distribution system measurement characteristics, and also for the modeling and simulation of distribution system applications.
Mercury telluride as an ohmic contact to efficient thin film cadmium telluride solar cells (1988)

The use of contact materials with a higher work function than p-CdTe is investigated using p-HgTe as the contact material. The deposition of p-HgTe on p-CdTe is carried out by the direct combination of the elemental vapors in a gas-flow system and by the close-spaced sublimation (CSS) technique. The process parameters in the direct combination technique are more readily controlled than those in the CSS technique. The p-HgTe/p-CdTe contact resistance was found to be very similar to the Au/p-CdTe contact resistance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient wavenumber selection based on nearest correlation Louvain method for NIR calibration modeling (2015)

In process analytical technology (PAT), partial least squares (PLS) regression has been widely used to construct calibration models for near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. To construct a highly accurate calibration model, wavenumber selection is crucial. In the present work, an efficient wavenumber selection method especially for PLS is proposed. The proposed method is referred to as nearest correlation Louvain method-based variable selection (NCLM-VS). NCLM-VS is a correlation-based group-wise method; it constructs an affinity matrix of input variables by the nearest correlation (NC) method, partitions the affinity matrix by the Louvain method (LM), consequently clusters input variables into multiple variable groups, and finally selects variable groups according to their contribution to estimates. LM is very fast and optimizes the number of groups automatically unlike spectral clustering (SC). The advantage of NCLM-VS over conventional methods including nearest correlation spectral clustering-based method (NCSC-VS) is demonstrated through their applications to calibration modeling based on near-infrared (NIR) spectra. In particular, it is confirmed that NCLM-VS is significantly faster than NCSC-VS while NCLM-VS can achieve as good estimation performance as NCSC-VS.
Intracistronic complementation of the tetracycline resistance membrane protein of Tn10 (1984)

The structural gene region for tetracycline resistance on Tn10 consists of two complementation groups, tetA and tetB (M. S. Curiale and S. B. Levy, J. Bacteriol. 151:209-215, 1982). Using a series of deletion mutants, we have determined that the tetA region is 450 to 600 base pairs long and that the tetB region, which is adjacent to tetA, is 600 to 750 base pairs long. Point mutations in either tetA or tetB affected the amount and size of the inducible inner-membrane Tet protein synthesized in Escherichia coli maxicells. Moreover, deletions in these regions led to the synthesis of an appropriately smaller Tet protein. A single tetracycline-inducible RNA of about 1,200 bases was detected that was homologous with the tetracycline resistance structural gene region. These results indicate that the tetA and tetB complementation regions represent two parts of a single gene encoding two domains of the tetracycline resistance protein Tet.
Interferon Induction by Viruses. XII. Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Renders Aged Chick Embryo Cells Refractory to Interferon Induction (1985)

The initial stages of interferon induction in mouse L cells do not require protein synthesis; all steps in the induction process up to and including the transcription of interferon mRNA occurred in the presence of inhibitors of protein synthesis. In contrast, interferon induction in primary chick embryo cells aged in vitro does require a reaction that depends upon protein synthesis, unique in that it is not required for virus replication or the action of interferon.
Anion recognition and sensing with Zn(ii)–dipicolylamine complexes (2012)

This critical review covers the developments in anion recognition and sensing using Zn(II)-dipicolylamine functionalized receptors over the past decade with emphasis on recent rapid advances in the last five years.
Photoacoustic and photothermal beam deflection as a probe of laser ablation of materials (1991)

Photoacoustic and photothermal laser-beam deflection were applied as diagnostics of the pulsed ultraviolet (UV) laser ablation of a polymer polyethyleneterephthalate. Here, a continuous-wave (cw) laser beam is passed parallel to the sample, but displaced from it by a few hundred micrometers. A density gradient caused by the pulsed UV laser heating or ablation of the sample deflects the cw laser beam. This deflection is measured directly using a position-sensitive detector. A quantitative model of the photothermal deflection at low fluence was developed which fits the data very well. This enabled a new method of measuring the thermal diffusivity of the fluid in contact with the sample. Distortion of the photothermal and photoacoustic signal as the excimer fluence is raised through the ablation threshold allowed the determination of the threshold. Also, the velocity of the ablation products was measured through a time-of-flight analysis and found to be dependent on the laser fluence used, the nature of the gas above the sample, and the distance above the sample at which the velocity is measured. The beam deflection in a vacuum is used to measure the ablation product velocity.
Identification, Isolation, and Characterization of a 41-Kilodalton Protein from Rat Germ Cell-Conditioned Medium Exhibiting Concentration-Dependent Dual Biological Activities (1997)

In this report, we describe the purification of a novel protease with dual biological actions from germ cell-conditioned medium (GCCM) where germ cells were isolated from adult rat testes using a mechanical procedure. Using multiple HPLC columns and two sequential high performance electrophoresis chromatography steps in association with an [ 125 I]-collagen film assay to detect protease activity, a 41-kDa polypeptide (41-kDa-P) was purified to apparent homogeneity from GCCM. Partial N-terminal amino acid sequence analysis of the purified protein revealed a sequence of NH 2 -KYEFYEIXLL that, when compared with the existing database at Protein Identification Resource (PIR), GenBank, and BLAST revealed that this is a unique protein. The purified protein, when incubated with [ 125 I]-testin, a Sertoli cell secretory product that is localized at the intertesticular cell junction and is resistant to tryptic digest, was found capable of hydrolyzing testin dose dependently. The proteolysis of [ 125 I]-testin by this 41-kDa protein was inhibited by 2 -macroglobulin (a Sertoli cell secretory product) also in a dose-dependent manner. A study on the interactions between different classes of protease inhibitors and the purified 41-kDa protein revealed that it is a serine protease. At doses ranging between 0.5 and 50 ng/ml, 41-kDa-P induced a dose-dependent inhibition of Sertoli cell secretory function using testin and clusterin as markers without any apparent proteolytic activity. However, at doses greater than 0.5 g/ml, 41-kDa-P was found to cleave [ 125 I]-collagen and [ 125 I]-testin at physiological pH, indicating that this 41-kDa protein has dual biological activities whose primary action is concentration dependent. In view of the biological activities of this protease, it is postulated that this protein may be involved in facilitating germ cell migration in the epithelium. (
Mach Disk In Truncated Plug Nozzle Flows (1976)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Test-Enhanced Life Cycle for Composed IoT-Based Services (2013)

Major challenges in developing services for the Internet of Things (IoT) are based on heterogeneous interfaces and radio technologies. This paper proposes a knowledge driven service life cycle, which enables a structured utilisation of semantic descriptions for re-usability and testing. Furthermore the approach facilitates the process of encapsulating IoT resources into services.
AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with microstrip antenna for RF front-end applications (2003)

A high-efficiency and compact AlGaN/GaN heterojunction field-effect transistor (HFET) power amplifier integrated with a microstrip antenna at 7.25 GHz is presented for RF front-end circuit applications. A microstrip circular sector antenna is employed as both a radiator and frequency-dependent output load. Higher order harmonics from the HFET in nonlinear operation are reactively terminated because of the harmonic termination characteristic of the antenna. Based on the optimum load impedance measured by a load-pull measurement setup, the AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier has been designed and fabricated at 7.25 GHz using the active integrated antenna concept. In this design approach, the measured antenna impedance is directly transformed to the optimum load impedance for maximum efficiency. The power amplifier with 1-mm gate periphery shows 42% peak power-added efficiency and 30.3-dBm saturated output power with a linear gain of 8 dB, which is in reasonably good agreement with measured discrete HFET load-pull data. Due to the antenna's characteristics, better than 30-dB harmonic suppression has been achieved at both the second and third harmonic frequencies in both the E- and H-planes. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a high-frequency AlGaN/GaN HFET power amplifier integrated with an antenna.
True Spreads and Equilibrium Prices (2001)

ABSTRACT Stocks and other financial assets are traded at prices that lie on a fixed grid determined by the minimum tick size. Observed prices and quoted spreads do not correspond to the equilibrium prices and true spreads that would exist in a market with no minimum tick size. Using Monte Carlo Markov Chain methods, this paper estimates the equilibrium prices and true spreads. For large stocks, most of the quoted spread is attributable to the rounding of prices and the adverse selection component is small. The true spread and the adverse selection component are greater for mid‐sized stocks.
Growth‐rate recovery of <i>Escherichia coli</i> cultures carrying a multicopy plasmid, by engineering of the pentose‐phosphate pathway (2004)

Expression of plasmid-encoded genes in bacteria is the most common strategy for the production of specific proteins in biotechnological processes. However, the synthesis of plasmid-encoded proteins and plasmid-DNA replication often places a metabolic load (metabolic burden) into the cell's biochemical capacities that usually reduces the growth rate of the producing culture (Glick BR. Biotechnol Adv 1995;13:247-261). This metabolic burden may be related to a limited capacity of the cell to supply the extra demand of building blocks and energy required to replicate plasmid DNA and express foreign multicopy genes. Some of these required blocks are intermediaries of the pentose phosphate (PP) pathway, e.g., ribose-5-phosphate, erythrose-4-phosphate. Due to the important impact of metabolic burden on biotechnological processes, several groups have worked on developing strategies to overcome this problem, like reduction of plasmid copy number (Seo JH, Bailey JE. Biotechnol Bioeng 1985;27:1668-1674; Jones KL, Kim S, Keasling JD. Metab Eng 2000;3:328-338), chromosomal insertion of the gene which product is desired, or changing the plasmid-coded antibiotic resistance gene (Hong Y, Pasternak JJ, Glick BR. Can J Microbiol 1995;41:624-628). However, few efforts have been attempted to overcome the reduction of growth rate due to protein over-expression, by modifying central metabolic pathways (Chou C-H, Bennett GN, San KY. Biotechnol Bioeng 1994;44:952-960). We constructed a high-copy number plasmid carrying the gene for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, zwf, under the control of an inducible trc promoter (pTRzwf04 plasmid). By transforming a wild-type strain and inducing with IPTG, it was possible to recover growth-rate from 0.46 h(-1) (uninduced) to 0.64 h(-1) (induced). The same transformation in an Escherichia coli zwf(-), allows a growth-rate recovery from 0.43 h(-1) (uninduced) to 0.62 h(-1) (induced). We also studied this effect as part of a laboratory-scale biotechnology process: production of a recombinant insulin peptide by co-transforming E. coli JM101 strain with pTRzwf07, a low-copy-number plasmid that carries the same inducible construction as pTRzwf04, and with the pTEXP-MMRPI vector that carries a TrpLE-proinsulin hybrid gene. In this system, production of TrpLE-proinsulin strongly reduces growth rate; however, overexpression of zwf gene recovers with a growth rate from 0.1 h(-1) in the TrpLE-proinsulin induced strain, to 0.37 h(-1) when both zwf and TrpLE-proinsulin genes were induced. In this paper, we show that the engineering of the pentose phosphate pathway by modulation of the zwf gene expression level partially overcomes the possible bottleneck for the supply of building blocks and reducing power synthesized through the PP pathway, that are required for plasmid replication and plasmid-encoded protein expression.
Glykosidisch Gebundene Aromastoffe in Hopfen (Humulus lupulus L.): 1. Enzymatische Freisetzung von Aglyconen (2002)

The efficiency of different enzyme preparations (almond β-glucosidase, glucosidase from Aspergillus niger, pectinase, hesperidinase, α-amylase, a amylase-mixture, a hemicellulase preparation) for the cleavage of glycosidically bound flavour compounds of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) was investigated. Enzymes were added to either synthetic β-D-glucosides (phenyl- and octyl-) or hop extracts. The hop extracts were made by extraction with a water-methanol mixture, or by hot-water extraction and subsequent adsorption on an Amberlite XAD-2 resin. The isolated aglycones were investigated by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Main compounds among the aglycones were 3-methylbutan-2-ol, 3- and 2-methyl-butan-1-ol, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol, 3-methylpentan-2-ol, 3(Z)-hexenol, hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, benzylalcohol, 2-phenyl-ethanol, linalool, α-terpineol, methylsalicylate, 2,6-di-methylocta-2,7-dien-1,6-diol, 3-hydroxy-7,8-dihydro-β-ionol, 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-B-ionol, vomifoliol and 7,8-dihydro-vomifoliol. Additionally small amounts of 3-hydroxy-β-damascone, a precursor of the sensorial important β-damascenone could be found among the aglycones. Best yields of aglycones could be achieved with glucosidase from Aspergillus niger and with rapidase (a hemicellulase preparation with glycosidic activities). Commercially available α-amylase was found to be not suitable for hydrolysis of hop glycosides.
Separation of basic drugs by capillary electrophoresis using selectively modified cyclodextrins as chiral selectors (1995)

Abstract The influence of seven differently methylated β‐cyclodextrin derivatives and of pure β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) on the enantiomeric resolution by capillary electrophoresis of six basic chiral pharmaceuticals is investigated. The methyl substitution pattern affects enantioselectivity much more than other experimental parameters. The purity of the used cyclodextrin derivatives is analyzed by successive hydrolysis, reduction, acetylation, and GC/MS of each CD derivative and by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Simulation of a multiple CPU military communications system (1978)

The Pentagon Telecommunications Center (PTC) provides telecommunications support to Headquarters, Department of the Army and other government agencies. The current system provides the Army with a full range of communications functions, i.e., receipt, transmission, message validation, and online CRT operations, centered around an IBM System/360 (Model 65) processor.The Automation Support Detachment, under the U.S. Army Communications Electronics Engineering Installation Agency - CONUS, performs telecommunications systems design, development, and support for the system. The design efforts entail extending similar operational services to all communication centers in the Pentagon. The proposed message workload is expected to increase to 6000 messages per hour from the current 1500 messages per hour. During the design effort, a simulation model is being used to estimate the performance impact of proposed system configurations and design changes.This paper describes the modeled system and some simulation experiments made using the model as a design tool. The main objectives for the experiments were:To determine the processor speed required to process 6000 messages per hour (the expected future workload).To determine whether off-loading some of the processes associated with a message's input/output (I/O) would provide a significant improvement in central processor utilization and message throughput.To investigate whether I/O delays caused by the disk subsystem would be reduced if reads were alternated between the primary and backup disk drives.