gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Securing mobile product ecology for mobile commerce (mC) (2005)

In order to encourage the growth and take-up in the mobile commerce (mC), trust must be embedded as a core value of mobile products. The future product is likely to evolve within a fast-growing and socially conscious ecology. Product that works with the way people use their phones will develop in a collaborative social network. Providing social networking will facilitate mobile data network for free, and the ecology of soft-product will allow trust in the mC process. In order that this can be effective, a change in the mC supply-chain model would be require. This paper examines an existing model for charging and billing of mobile soft-product and a Mobile Open Billing Gateway (MOPB) model based on the triangle of B2B and B2C was proposed, with the linkage of trust, and compares a sample range of existing product with possible new mobile product. The question posed by this paper 'Is the ecology of mobile product for mC possible'?.
Experimental Infection of Laying Chickens with Adenovirus 127 and with a Related Virus Isolated from Ducks (1984)

Infection of commercially reared white leghorn and white rock hens with adenovirus 127 was associated with decreases in total egg production, external egg quality, egg weight (P less than 0.01), and eggshell thickness (P less than 0.01). The egg-production and egg-quality disturbances were transient, and production returned to normal approximately 4 weeks postinfection. Infection of white leghorns with a hemagglutinating adenovirus isolated from Missouri ducks did not adversely affect egg production, external egg quality, or eggshell thickness, but it was associated with decreased egg weight (P less than 0.01). Prior infection with the duck adenovirus prevented the adverse egg-production effects of adenovirus 127 infection. Mean hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers of chickens infected with adenovirus 127 or with duck adenovirus ranged from 1:588 to 1:10809, and mean titers of uninfected chickens did not exceed 1:2.
Ordered Heme Binding Ensures the Assembly of Fully Functional Hemoglobin: A Hypothesis (2002)

The exact mechanism by which four Fe-Protoporphyrin-IX (heme) moieties and four nascent globin chains combine to form human hemoglobin (alpha(2)beta(2)) remains a mystery. Recent Soret spectral static and kinetic studies of the incorporation of CN-Hemin derivatives into an array of human globin species have provided in vitro evidence of an ordered assembly pathway, through an alphaheme-betaglobin intermediate, that ensures correct formation of active hemoglobin tetramers.
Photo-Reactive Materials for Ultrahigh Density Optical Memory: MITI Research and Development Program on Basic Technologies for Future Industries (1994)

Photochromic Materials. Design and synthesis of photochromic memory media (M. Irie). Chiral photochromic materials (M. Sisido). Multiple memory using aggregated photochromic compounds (J. Hibino, T. Hashida, M. Suzuki). Photocontrol of liquid crystal alignment by command surfaces (K. Ichimura et al.). Photochemical Hole Burning Materials. Basic properties of photochemical hole burning materials (T. Tani). Study on dynamics of persistent hole burning using semiconductor light sources (H. Nakatsuka, S. Uemura). Photon echo spectroscopy in dye-polymer systems (S. Saikan, M. Mikami). Organic PHB materials with thermal stability (K. Sakoda). Study on PHB of quinone-derivative systems (M. Yoshimura, T. Nishimura, E. Yagyu). Photochemical hole burning using tetraphenylporphine derivatives (N. Kishii et al).
Damageless vacuum sealing of Si field emitters with CHF3 plasma treatment (2001)

Surface modification of Si field emitters by CHF3 plasma is investigated for damageless vacuum sealing. The emission characteristics of nontreated Si field emitters and CHF3-plasma-treated Si field emitters were measured in an ultra-high-vacuum chamber and in a frit-sealed vacuum package. The vacuum sealing process decreased the emission currents from the nontreated Si field emitters by a factor of 10. On the contrary, the emission current from the CHF3-plasma-treated emitters did not change before and after the vacuum sealing process. Analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy and by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the CHF3-plasma-exposed Si surface was covered with SiC and fluorocarbon films. These carbon-related films work as a protective material in the sealing process. By using this method, we achieved the first operation of metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect-transistor-structured Si field emitters in a vacuum package.
Reinforcement of electrospun membranes using nanoscale Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> whiskers for improved tissue scaffolds (2012)

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is a promising material for tissue engineering applications; however, it can be difficult to create scaffolds with the morphology, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties necessary to support tissue growth. Typically, pure PCL scaffolds have good cellular adhesion, but somewhat low mechanical properties (elastic modulus and tensile strength). This study addresses these issues by incorporating Al(2)O(3) whiskers as reinforcements within PCL membranes generated by electrospinning. Membranes were prepared with Al(2)O(3) content ranging from 1 to 20 wt % and characterized using XRD, TEM, and SEM to determine composition and morphology. The Al(2)O(3) whiskers were well dispersed within the PCL fibers, and the membranes had a highly porous morphology. The elastic modulus was significantly improved by the well aligned whisker reinforcements as verified by tensile testing. The cell morphology and proliferation studies demonstrate Al(2)O(3) whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds maintained the good biocompatibility. These improvements demonstrate that Al(2)O(3) whisker reinforced PCL scaffolds can be considered as a biocompatible material for tissue engineering and dental applications.
Effects of CYP2C19 genotype and CYP2C9 on fluoxetine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes. (2001)

Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9 is likely to be a major CYP isoform catalyzing fluoxetine N-demethylation in human liver microsomes at a substrate concentration close to the therapeutic level, while polymorphic CYP2C19 may play a more important role in this metabolic pathway at high substrate concentration.
Ultrafast Switching in Terahertz Metamaterials using Ion Implanted Silicon on Sapphire (2014)

We demonstrate ultrafast resonance switching of terahertz metamaterials through optical excitation of radiation damaged silicon placed in the gap of single split gap ring resonator. We observe the dynamic switching OFF of the fundamental resonance mode on a time scale of 4 picoseconds (ps) followed by the switching ON of the same resonance after 20 ps. Electric field distributions in the metamaterials unit cell derived through numerical simulations clearly support our experimental observations, showing that the high electric field at the resonator gaps, responsible for inductive-capacitive resonance (LC), completely disappears and switches OFF the resonance after being optically excited. The ultrafast switching of the metamaterial resonance is attributed to the generation of free carriers in ion-implanted silicon and their recombination at an ultra-short time scale. Such silicon based active control of metamaterials can lead to the ultrafast terahertz metadevices.
Bone tissue engineering using 3D printing (2013)

With the advent of additive manufacturing technologies in the mid 1980s, many applications benefited from the faster processing of products without the need for specific tooling or dies. However, the application of such techniques in the area of biomedical devices has been slow due to the stringent performance criteria and concerns related to reproducibility and part quality, when new technologies are in their infancy. However, the use of additive manufacturing technologies in bone tissue engineering has been growing in recent years. Among the different technology options, three dimensional printing (3DP) is becoming popular due to the ability to directly print porous scaffolds with designed shape, controlled chemistry and interconnected porosity. Some of these inorganic scaffolds are biodegradable and have proven ideal for bone tissue engineering, sometimes even with site specific growth factor/drug delivery abilities. This review article focuses on recent advances in 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds along with current challenges and future directions.
Structural phase transitions in perovskite compounds based on diatomic or multiatomic bridges (2016)

The structural phase transitions in perovskite compounds were revived in the past decade by the emergence of a large number of perovskite compounds based on diatomic or multiatomic bridges, e.g. CN−, N3−, HCOO−, SCN−, and N(CN)2−, with various interesting properties for possible applications such as in dielectric switches, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. Compared with the well-studied perovskite oxides and halides, these new perovskite compounds with larger bridges give rise to an increase in the complexity of structural variations as well as an opportunity to tailor the physical properties by taking advantage of the designable and tunable characteristics of the metal species, bridging ligands, and guest cation components. Here, we highlight the recent advances on the thermally-induced structural phase transitions of the perovskite compounds based on the diatomic or multiatomic bridges, focusing on the important role of the components in the phase transition behaviours as well as the intrinsic switching behaviours of physical properties.
Defining dynamic bayesian networks for probabilistic situation assessment (2022)

In surveillance systems, the situation awareness of decision makers is often a crucial point in making appropriate decisions. For supporting the situation assessment process, modules performing an automatic interpretation of the observed environment can be used. However, there is still a need for an optimal solution for the definition of such modules. In this article we describe how situations of interest can be modeled in a humanunderstandable way and how their existence can be inferred from sensor observations by the use of dynamic Bayesian networks. A crucial point of modeling such networks is the definition of the parameters, namely the conditional probabilities. We present a method for an automatic definition of the parameters that can be easily used by a human operator when designing a new network. By using this approach, we define two example networks that are able to recognize situations of interest in the VIRAT dataset. Finally, the two networks are applied to the VIRAT dataset and we present an evaluation of the performance of the automatic situation assessment.
Dry Socket: Incidence, Clinical Features, and Predisposing Factors (2014)

Background. Dry socket is a global phenomenon. The purpose of the study was to investigate the incidence of dry socket in recent times in a Nigerian Tertiary Hospital. Methods. Patients who were referred for dental extractions were included in the study. The case files of patients were obtained and information retrieved included biodata, indication for extraction, number and type of teeth extracted, oral hygiene status, compliance to oral hygiene instructions, and development of dry socket. Results. One thousand, one hundred and eighty two patients with total of 1362 teeth extracted during the 4-year period of the study were analyzed, out of which 1.4% teeth developed dry socket. The mean age (SD) was 35.2 (16.0) years. Most of the patients who presented with dry socket were in the fourth decade of life. Mandibular teeth were affected more than maxillary teeth. Molars were more affected. Retained roots and third molars were conspicuous in the cases with dry socket. Conclusion. The incidence of dry socket in our centre was lower than previous reports. Oral hygiene status, lower teeth, and female gender were significantly associated with development of dry socket. Treatment with normal saline irrigation and ZnO eugenol dressings allowed relief of the symptoms.
<i>n</i>-<i>i</i>-<i>p</i>-<i>i</i> doping superlattices—metastable semiconductors with tunable properties (1983)

Semiconductors, modulated by periodic n and p doping, possibly with intrinsic regions in-between (‘‘n-i-p-i crystals’’) represent a new class of semiconductors, because of their tunable electronic properties. A large number of intriguing phenomena, predicted by the theory, have been observed recently on GaAs doping superlattices grown by molecular beam epitaxy. In this paper we summarize the theory and experimental results with special emphasis on the aspects of the metastability of large deviations of the carrier concentrations from thermal equilibrium. Approximate analytical expressions for the lifetime enhancement, its dependence of the ‘‘design parameters’’ and on the state of excitation are derived. A brief outlook on possible extensions of the original concept is given.
Synthesis, spectra, and reactions of N-triphenylmethylpyridinium salts. Reactions of triphenylmethyl chloride with pyridine under high pressure (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, spectra, and reactions of N-triphenylmethylpyridinium salts. Reactions of triphenylmethyl chloride with pyridine under high pressureYoshiyuki Okamoto and Yasuo ShimakawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 11, 3752–3756Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00836a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00836a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views566Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Understanding Machine Learning: From Theory To Algorithms (2015)

Machine learning is one of the fastest growing areas of computer science, with far-reaching applications. The aim of this textbook is to introduce machine learning, and the algorithmic paradigms it offers, in a principled way. The book provides an extensive theoretical account of the fundamental ideas underlying machine learning and the mathematical derivations that transform these principles into practical algorithms. Following a presentation of the basics of the field, the book covers a wide array of central topics that have not been addressed by previous textbooks. These include a discussion of the computational complexity of learning and the concepts of convexity and stability; important algorithmic paradigms including stochastic gradient descent, neural networks, and structured output learning; and emerging theoretical concepts such as the PAC-Bayes approach and compression-based bounds. Designed for an advanced undergraduate or beginning graduate course, the text makes the fundamentals and algorithms of machine learning accessible to students and non-expert readers in statistics, computer science, mathematics, and engineering.
Occlusive retinal vascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1984)

Ocular involvement in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is most commonly noted in the form of retinal hemorrhage, exudates and cotton wool spots resulting from occlusion of small retinal blood vessels. Less frequently, SLE is associated with extensive obliteration of larger retinal vessels, as demonstrated in the 2 cases reported here. In both cases large parts of the retina lost their function due to extensive occlusions of retinal arteries and veins. Marked retinal neovascularizations developed in one of the 2 cases. Awareness and early detection of retinal vascular occlusive disease and its complications are important in averting serious visual loss in SLE.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE ISOMEREN BI‐ADAMANTYL‐KETIMINE (1972)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der Lithio‐adamantane (I) und (IV) mit den Adamantylnitrilen (II) und (VI) bei ‐60°C in Äther ergibt die Bi‐adamantyl‐ketimine (III), (V) bzw. (VII) in 30, 43 bzw. 55%iger Ausbeute.
Protein structure prediction using hybrid AI methods (2002)

Describes a new approach for predicting protein structures based on artificial intelligence methods and genetic algorithms. We combine nearest neighbor searching algorithms, neural networks, heuristic rules and genetic algorithms to form an integrated system to predict protein structures from their primary amino acid sequences. First, we describe our methods and how they are integrated, and then apply our methods to several protein sequences. The results are very close to the real structures obtained by crystallography. Parallel genetic algorithms are also implemented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic light scattering by polyelectrolyte solutions (1994)

Abstract A generalized expression for the apparent diffusion coefficient (D app ) for macroions as a function of scattering vector (q) is developed. Mathematica ®, a system of doing mathematics on a computer, was used to obtain the eigenvalues for a select set of polyion‐electrolyte systems. It is shown that under the conditions of low electrolyte concentration D app exhibits a marked q‐dependence. The second part of this communication focuses on the so‐called “ordinary‐extraordinary” transition observed in some polyelectrolyte systems. The characteristic D app versus electrolyte profile for this transition is compared with the “splitting” of relaxation times reported for many other polyelectrolyte systems. General problems associated with dynamic light scattering studies on macroion systems are discussed.
Toward a Construction-Based Theory of Language Function: The Case of Nominal Extraposition (1996)

Through a detailed examination of a particular sentence type, we outline a formal model in which grammatical description includes the description of use conditions on form-meaning pairs. The sentence type at issue is an exclamative construction we refer to as Nominal Extraposition (NE). This construction, exemplified by the sentence It's AMAZING the DIFFERENCE, bears a superficial resemblance to Right Dislocation (RD). However, NE must be distinguished from RD on syntactic, semantic and discourse-pragmatic grounds. The postpredicate NP represents a TOPIC in the case of RD, a FOCUS in the case of NE; this NP receives a metonymic scalar interpretation in the case of NE, but not in RD. We employ the framework of Construction Grammar and seek to demonstrate that it is uniquely suited to grammatical description of the type required here: NE represents a gestaltlike interaction of formal, semantic and pragmatic constraints. We argue for a compatible formalism akin to that found in recent versions of Lexical-Functional Grammar in which argument structure and syntactic constituency parallel a level of representation incorporating categories of INFORMATION STRUCTURE. In addition, we seek to validate the notion—central to Construction Grammar—that sentence types are a crucial basis for syntactic description. In particular, we argue that NE is an instance of the exclamative sentence type and that basic formal and semantic properties of NE follow from this categorization. We suggest that the relationship between NE and like exclamatives can be represented in an INHERITANCE NETWORK.
Novel anodic oxide film with self-sealing layer showing excellent corrosion resistance (2017)

In the present work, the novel anodic oxide film (AOF) with self-sealing layer was successfully fabricated on 2024Al alloys by using an improved anodic oxidation method. The presence of the self-sealing layer on the porous layer of AOF was verified by Field emission scanning electron micro scope. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to evaluate the morphology and the corrosion products of the AOF after salt spray test. The microhardness test showed that the self-sealing AOFs still displayed high hardness even after salt spray test. Electrochemical test and salt spray test results illustrated the excellent corrosion performance of the novel structured self-sealing anodic oxide film (SAOF) compared with common porous AOFs. The narrow diameter makes it difficult for chlorine ions ingress into the pores of SAOFs. The self-sealing layer played an important role in protecting the SAOF from corrosion.
Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Composite Shape-Shifting Structures (2018)

Swelling-induced shape transformation has been widely investigated and applied to the design and fabrication of smart polymer devices, such as soft robotics, biomedical devices, and origami patterns. Previous shape-shifting designs using soft hydrogels have several limitations, including relatively small actuation force, slow responsive speed, and relatively complicated fabrication process. In this paper, we develop a novel hydrophilic/hydrophobic composite structure by using photopolymers. The rubbery nature of the materials used in this composite provides desirable actuation speed and actuation force. The photocurable polymer system could be easily patterned by using the digital light processing technique. Experiments and theoretical analysis were conducted to study the actuation process. We also fabricated several three-dimensional water-responsive shape-shifting structures, including structures with sequential actuation behavior. Finally, the directional bending behavior of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic bilayer plate was investigated.
Natural and Biomimetic Materials for the Detection of Insulin (2012)

Microgravimetric sensors have been developed for detection of insulin by using quartz crystal microbalances as transducers, in combination with sensitive layers. Natural antibodies as coatings were compared with biomimetic materials to fabricate mass-sensitive sensors. For this purpose polyurethane was surface imprinted by insulin, which acts as a synthetic receptor for reversible analyte inclusion. The sensor responses for insulin give a pronounced concentration dependence, with a detection limit down to 1 μg/mL and below. Selectivity studies reveal that these structured polymers lead to differentiation between insulin and glargine. Moreover, antibody replicae were generated by a double imprinting process. Thus, biological recognition capabilities of immunoglobulins are transferred to synthetic polymers. In the first step, natural-immunoglobulin-imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized. Subsequently, these templated particles were utilized for creating positive images of natural antibodies on polymer layers. These synthetic coatings, which are more robust than natural analogues, can be produced in large amount. These biomimetic sensors are useful in the biotechnology of insulin monitoring.