gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-temperature carbon utilization is regulated by novel gene activity in the heart of a hibernating mammal (1998)

Hibernation is a physiological adaptation characterized by dramatic decreases in heart rate, body temperature, and metabolism, resulting in long-term dormancy. Hibernating mammals survive for periods up to 6 mo in the absence of food by minimizing carbohydrate catabolism and using triglyceride stores as their primary source of fuel. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the changes from a state of activity to the hibernating state are poorly understood; however, the selective expression of genes offers one level of control. To address this problem, we used a differential gene expression screen to identify genes that are responsible for the physiological characteristics of hibernation in the heart of the thirteen-lined ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus). Here, we report that genes for pancreatic lipase and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 are up-regulated in the heart during hibernation. Pancreatic lipase is normally expressed exclusively in the pancreas, but when expressed in the hibernating heart it liberates fatty acids from triglycerides at temperatures as low as 0 degreesC. Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase isozyme 4 inhibits carbohydrate oxidation and depresses metabolism by preventing the conversion of pyruvate to Ac-CoA. The resulting anaerobic glycolysis and low-temperature lipid catabolism provide evidence that adaptive changes in cardiac physiology are controlled by the differential expression of genes during hibernation.
EFFICIENCY, EQUITY AND DEMOCRACY: EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE ON OKUN’S LEAKY BUCKET (2004)

Income redistribution and its consequences have been the subject of intense debate over the last three decades. This is nowhere better evidenced than in the motivations which are variously ascribed to such redistributions. The social welfare approach, for example, starts from the premise that redistribution of income from the rich to the poor enhances social welfare, a fact from which redistribution derives its motivation. In contrast Tullock (1983, p. 2) argues that the major impetus for income redistribution is simply that the beneficiaries of transfer programs want larger incomes and greater wealth and have the political power to realize their goals. Buchanan (1984, p. 187) finds a constitutional basis for redistribution arguing that, if the voting franchise is universal and the constitution allows collective decisions concerning income transfers, then the basic property right to income in a society inheres in the voting franchise.
Reliability aware scheduling in cloud computing (2012)

Cloud computing infrastructure encompasses many design challenges. Dealing with unreliability is one of the important design challenges in cloud computing platforms as we have a variety of services available for a variety of clients. In this paper, we present a model for the reliability assessment of the cloud infrastructures (computing nodes mostly virtual machines). This reliability assessment mechanism helps to do the scheduling on cloud infrastructure and perform fault tolerance on the basis of the reliability values acquired during reliability assessment. In our model, every compute instance (virtual machine in PaaS or physical processing node in IaaS) have reliability values associated with them. The system assesses the reliability for different types of applications. We have different mechanism to assess the reliability of general applications and real time applications. For real time applications, we have time based reliability assessment algorithms. All the algorithms are more convergent towards failures. If a compute instance passes, the reliability of the compute instance may increase or remain constant depending upon the algorithm. In the case of a failure, reliability decreases at a faster rate.
The Leopoldina international symposium on parasitism, commensalism and symbiosis – common themes, different outcome (2003)

The development of new methods, including genomics, which can even be applied to unculturable microorganisms, has significantly increased our knowledge about bacterial pathogenesis and symbiosis and, in consequence, is profoundly modifying our views on the evolution and the genetic and physiological basis of bacteria-host interactions. The presentations at this symposium revealed conceptual links between bacterial pathogenesis and symbiosis. The close co-operation of experts in both fields will result in significant synergy and new insights into basic mechanisms of bacteria-host interactions and their evolution. The meeting provided fascinating news about the genetic and metabolic consequences that the change in their lifestyle had for bacteria that developed from free-living to permanent host-associated organisms exemplified by intracellular pathogens or symbionts. In addition, surprising similarities but also striking differences between the strategies involved in the establishment of a symbiotic versus a parasitic lifestyle can be noted. In the long run, the characterization of such differences might lead to lifestyle prediction or to an evaluation of the pathogenic potential of newly isolated bacteria via the definition of genetic and/or metabolic signatures characteristic for pathogenic or symbiotic organisms. Moreover, it is expected that these investigations will lead to new strategies for the treatment or prevention of bacterial infections, or the avoidance of pathogen transmission.
Inhibition of plaque growth by zinc salts (1983)

Certain metal salts inhibit the growth of dental plaque. The effect of zinc salts was investigated because of contradictory reports in the literature. Using cultures of human plaque, artificial dental plaques were grown in vitro on aluminium strips. The effect of various zinc salts was examined by treating the strips intermittently with solutions of the salts during the period of growth. The action of mouthwashes containing zinc salts in vivo on plaque growth was determined in human volunteers. All the water‐soluble zinc salts that were tested gave a similar concentration‐dependent inhibition of plaque growth in vitro . The effectiveness of the treatment was reduced by increasing the time allowed for growth after the final application of zinc. Solutions of zinc (17–19 mM) as the citrate or phenolsulphonate salt, gave about 30% reduction in the extension of plaque along the gingival margin in vivo over 16 hours. Subjects with high rates of plaque growth with the placebo mouthwash were most affected by zinc salts. Increasing the zinc concentration to 30 mM did not further increase the activity. Previous reports of low activity of zinc against plaque growth in vivo are explained by too low a concentration of zinc or too low a frequency of application. The results confirm that zinc salts, including zinc citrate, inhibit the growth of plaque in vivo and in vitro .
The Transportation Depot - An Orbiting Vehicle Support Facility (1988)

This paper describes the details of an effort to produce conceptual designs for an orbiting platform, called a transportation depot, to handle assembly and processing of lunar, Martian, and related vehicles. High-level requirements for such a facility were established, and several concepts were developed to meet those requirements. By showing that the critical rigid-body momentum characteristics of each concept are similar to those of the dual-keel space station, some insight was gained about the controllability and utility of this type of facility. Finally, several general observations were made that highlight the advantages and disadvantages of particular design features.
Lanthanide complex–oligo-DNA hybrid for sequence-selective hydrolysis of RNA (1994)

Iminodiacetate complexes of lanthanide(III) ions (lutetium, europium, thulium and lanthanum), attached to the 5′-end of a 15-mer DNA, hydrolyse a 39-mer RNA selectively at the 3′-side of its 15-mer sequence, which is complementary with the DNA.
Increased Serum Levels of Hyaluronate in Liver Disease (1985)

Recent animal studies show that endothelial cells in liver sinusoids are the main site for removal of sodium hyaluronate from the circulation. Few data with respect to hyaluronate metabolism are available in man. Serum hyaluronate levels were measured in 119 patients with liver disease by a sensitive assay. The hyaluronate level was significantly increased in liver cirrhosis, in comparison with healthy controls and with patients with noncirrhotic liver disease. The results suggest a role for the human liver in elimination of hyaluronate from circulation. Quantification of serum hyaluronate may be a useful test of liver endothelial cell function.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW DERIVATIVES OF IMIDAZOLE‐4,5‐DICARBOXYLIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Das heterocyclische Dicarbonsäuredichlorid (I) reagiert: mit Anilinen (II) zu den symmetrischen Diamiden (IIIa) und (IIIb).
Enoxaparin Increases the Incidence of Postoperative Intracranial Hemorrhage when Initiated Preoperatively for Deep Venous Thrombosis Prophylaxis in Patients with Brain Tumors (1998)

Enoxaparin therapy initiated at the time of anesthesia induction increases postoperative intracranial hemorrhage.
When the CRC and TCP checksum disagree (2000)

Traces of Internet packets from the past two years show that between 1 packet in 1,100 and 1 packet in 32,000 fails the TCP checksum, even on links where link-level CRCs should catch all but 1 in 4 billion errors. For certain situations, the rate of checksum failures can be even higher: in one hour-long test we observed a checksum failure of 1 packet in 400. We investigate why so many errors are observed, when link-level CRCs should catch nearly all of them. We have collected nearly 500,000 packets which failed the TCP or UDP or IP checksum. This dataset shows the Internet has a wide variety of error sources which can not be detected by link-level checks. We describe analysis tools that have identified nearly 100 different error patterns. Categorizing packet errors, we can infer likely causes which explain roughly half the observed errors. The causes span the entire spectrum of a network stack, from memory errors to bugs in TCP. After an analysis we conclude that the checksum will fail to detect errors for roughly 1 in 16 million to 10 billion packets. From our analysis of the cause of errors, we propose simple changes to several protocols which will decrease the rate of undetected error. Even so, the highly non-random distribution of errors strongly suggests some applications should employ application-level checksums or equivalents.
Putting the Teeth into the UK Biobank (2010)

The author of this article has been involved in the development of the UK Biobank, and was instrumental in ensuring that dentistry has been included in the project. He describes what the UK Biobank is, what the project involves and aims to achieve, and how by July 2010 some 500,000 UK citizens aged from 40-69 years had been recruited. He then details the events that led to the inclusion of dentistry in the project, the key role that stored saliva samples will have, and how the project will link to data stored by the Dental Practice Board and now the National Health Service Business Services Authority. The article ends with a brief look into the future of the project.
Low-temperature growth of carbon nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (2003)

Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes were grown at temperatures as low as 120 °C by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. A systematic study of the temperature dependence of the growth rate and the structure of the as-grown nanotubes is presented using a C2H2/NH3 system and nickel as the catalyst. The activation energy for the growth rate was found to be 0.23 eV, much less than for thermal chemical vapor deposition (1.2–1.5 eV). This suggests growth occurs by surface diffusion of carbon on nickel. The result could allow direct growth of nanotubes onto low-temperature substrates like plastics, and facilitate the integration in sensitive nanoelectronic devices.
Optical generation of tunable ultrasonic waves (1982)

A convenient method of optically exciting and monitoring coherent acoustic waves in transparent or light-absorbing liquids and solids is described. The acoustic frequency is easily and continuously tunable from ≊3 MHz to at least 30 GHz with our experimental apparatus and in principle over a considerably wider range. In anisotropic materials any propagation direction can be selected. The optically generated acoustic waves can be optically amplified, cancelled, or phase shifted.
Is Pax6 Critical for Neurogenesis in the Human Fetal Brain? (2007)

Transcription factor Pax6 plays an important role in fate determination of neural progenitor cells in animal models, yet, its distribution and role in the human developing brain have not been reported. Here we demonstrated that Pax6 was strongly expressed in dorsal and ventral proliferative zones, mainly in proliferating radial glia (RG) cells, some neuronal and intermediate progenitors, and sporadic deep cortical plate neurons. In contrast to reports in rodents, Pax6 in the human fetal brain occasionally colocalized with ventral transcription factor Olig2 in progenitor cells. Transfection with short interfering RNA abolished Pax6 expression in the cell cultures of human fetal RG, and significantly decreased the number of neurons generated from Pax6 knock-down cells. Hence, Pax6 has a critical role in neurogenic regulation of RG cells in the human forebrain, similar to reports in rodents. What is different in human forebrain is that Pax6 seems to regulate not only the genesis of cortical pyramidal neurons, but also a subpopulation of interneurons from both dorsal and ventral sources. Thus, regional distribution, colocalization with Olig2, and the role of Pax6 in neurogenesis of both projection and interneurons, suggest that developmental regulation by transcription factors may differ in primates and nonprimate mammals.
The familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy‐associated myosin mutation R403Q accelerates tension generation and relaxation of human cardiac myofibrils (2008)

The R403Q mutation in beta-myosin heavy chain was the first mutation to be identified as responsible for familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC). In spite of extensive work on the functional sequelae of this mutation, the mechanism by which the mutant protein causes the disease has not been definitely identified. Here we directly compare contraction and relaxation mechanics of single myofibrils from left ventricular samples of one patient carrying the R403Q mutation to those from a healthy control heart. Tension generation and relaxation following sudden increase and decrease in [Ca(2+)] were much faster in the R403Q myofibrils with relaxation rates being the most affected parameters. The results show that the R403Q mutation leads to an apparent gain of protein function but a greater energetic cost of tension generation. Increased energy cost of tension generation may be central to the FHC disease process, help explain some unresolved clinical observations, and carry significant therapeutic implications.
Electric Tunnel Effect between Dissimilar Electrodes Separated by a Thin Insulating Film (1963)

The theory of the electric tunnel effect has been extended to asymmetric junctions—i.e., junctions having electrodes of different materials. It is found that the J—V characteristic is polarity-dependent. At lower voltages, the greater current flows when the electrode of lower work function is positively biased, in agreement with observations on junctions having one aluminum electrode. At higher voltages, there is a change in direction of rectification; i.e., greater current flows when the electrode of lower work function is negatively biased. This effect has also been experimentally observed.
Imaging Dopamine Transmission in Cocaine Dependence: Link Between Neurochemistry and Response to Treatment (2011)

These findings provide insight into the neurochemistry of treatment response and show that low dopamine transmission is associated with treatment failure. In addition, these data suggest that the combination of behavioral treatment with methods that increase striatal dopamine signaling might serve as a therapeutic strategy for cocaine dependence.
The p38/MK2-Driven Exchange between Tristetraprolin and HuR Regulates AU–Rich Element–Dependent Translation (2012)

TNF expression of macrophages is under stringent translational control that depends on the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway and the AU-rich element (ARE) in the TNF mRNA. Here, we elucidate the molecular mechanism of phosphorylation-regulated translation of TNF. We demonstrate that translation of the TNF-precursor at the ER requires expression of the ARE-binding and -stabilizing factor human antigen R (HuR) together with either activity of the p38 MAPK/MK2 pathway or the absence of the ARE-binding and -destabilizing factor tristetraprolin (TTP). We show that phosphorylation of TTP by MK2 decreases its affinity to the ARE, inhibits its ability to replace HuR, and permits HuR-mediated initiation of translation of TNF mRNA. Since translation of TTP's own mRNA is also regulated by this mechanism, an intrinsic feedback control of the inflammatory response is ensured. The phosphorylation-regulated TTP/HuR exchange at target mRNAs provides a reversible switch between unstable/non-translatable and stable/efficiently translated mRNAs.
Mosaic methylation of the repeat unit of the human ribosomal RNA genes (1997)

The pattern of methylation in human genes for 18S and 28S ribosomal RNA has been investigated using methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. We find that the transcribed region of the repeat unit is predominantly unmethylated, in agreement with previous studies. In contrast the non-transcribed spacer, which makes up the majority of the 43 kb repeat unit, is highly methylated in blood cell DNA. The boundaries between methylated and non-methylated domains appear to be relatively sharp, and occur approximately 1.5 kb upstream of the 5' edge of the proximal promoter and approximately 1.0 kb downstream of the 3' end of the transcribed region. A small proportion of all repeat units are methylated throughout the transcribed region, and may represent silent genes. The coincidence between the methylation pattern, the transcription pattern and other features of the repeat unit has implications for our understanding of the mechanism by which patterns of DNA methylation are generated.
Low-cost eddy-current position sensing for bearingless motor suspension control (2017)

We present a low-cost position sensing module based on a commercial Inductance-to-Digital Converter (LDC) that is applied to bearingless motor suspension control. The sensing module uses four LDC evaluation boards to differentially measure the x- and y-positions of the rotor. Each of the evaluation boards consists of an LDC chip, a sensing coil, and an on-board capacitor. The LDC chip drives the sensing coil and the capacitor to their resonance, and streams out the instantaneous frequency values. As a conductive target approaches the sensing coil, the apparent inductance of the coil decreases due to the induced eddy-current, thereby increasing the resonance frequency. This frequency shift can be used for estimating the distance to the target. The sensing module exhibits a position resolution of 0.37 micrometers with the standard deviation of 0.31 micrometers at a sampling rate of 2 kH. We have implemented this sensing module to our homopolar-biased hysteresis bearingless slice motor that drives a ring-shaped rotor made of D2 steel.
Synthesis and Solution Properties of a Novel Side-Chain Polyaminimide (1991)

Abstract The novel polyaminimide polymer, poly[sodium dimethyl(3-propyl)amine-4-methacrylamidobenzimide sulfonate] (PSDM), was prepared. This polymer contains a pendant sulfonate group in addition to the dipolar aminimide moiety. The dilute solution viscosity and light-scattering behavior of PSDM were studied as a function of salt concentration. It was found that the polymer exhibited typical polyelectrolyte behavior in spite of the presence of the dipolar aminimide group.
A visualization-based environment for top-down debugging of parallel programs (2002)

This paper describes a parallel debugging environment that applies visualizations in a top-down, structured approach for debugging. This environment, referred to as GOLD, uses visualization in the traditional way for examining a program state, but it also extends the use of visualizations in two directions. First, a technique is described for using visualizations to guide the operation of setting a causal distributed breakpoint for a set of processes. Second, a strategy is introduced for coordinating the use of different types of visualization when examining a program state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Approval Plan Processing (1993)

To take full advantage of an integrated system, a library must re-examine its processing routines. Acquisitions and Cataloging departments are discovering that many of their functions overlap. The University of South Florida Library created a new unit consisting of both Acquisitions and Cataloging staff to process approval books. During a six-month Pilot-Project, this unit tested a new integrated workflow. Positive benefits included: streamlining of procedures, a reduced cataloging backlog, faster turnaround time for new books, and a cleaner database.
Thymidylate Synthase Expression and Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients With Advanced Head and Neck Cancer (1997)

Characterization of tumor TS expression may be of value in identifying patients with advanced head and neck cancer who would benefit from fluoropyrimidine-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Audio Retrieval By Rhythmic Similarity. (2002)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Thermosensitive Two-Dimensional Arrays of Hydrogel Particles (2002)

We prepared two-dimensional (2D) arrays composed of nanoscale hydrogel particles as a model of suprastructured assemblages. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) hydrogel particles and the core−shell particles, which possess a rigid polystyrene core encased in a PNIPAM hydrogel shell, were selected as components for arrays. Below and above 32 °C, these two kinds of particles swelled and shrank, respectively, due to temperature-dependent solubility of a PNIPAM chain. The particle dispersion was spread and then compressed to produce particle monolayers closely packed at the air−water interface. To study thermal behavior of 2D arrays, surface pressure and surface area for obtained 2D arrays were measured at 40 and 25 °C with leaving the monolayer on the water surface. Both of them varied in response to temperature, indicating that each particle of 2D arrays swelled and shrank at the water surface. Although the pressure and the area for the 2D array of PNIPAM hydrogel particles exhibited great responses at the beginning, they gradually decreased and eventually disappeared with repeating the temperature cycle, due to particle coalescence. On the other hand, the 2D array of core−shell particles maintained the thermosensitive response without relaxation though its variation between 40 and 25 °C was still small. By assembling the mixture of PNIPAM and core−shell particles into the monolayer, the 2D array with large and steady responses could be obtained.