gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed and lumped element models for a bimorph-actuated micromirror (2010)

A procedure to model electrothermally actuated devices is developed and demonstrated using a 1D scanning micromirror. The micromirror is actuated by thermal bimorphs and an embedded platinum (Pt) resistor is used for generating Joule heating. Electrothermal, thermal and thermomechanical models are developed and integrated to generate a compact electrothermomechanical model. The electrothermal model relates the thermal power generated in the device to the applied voltage. The thermomechanical model evaluates the mirror rotation angle. The thermal model is developed by drawing analogy between heat flow in the device and current flow through an electrical transmission line. It provides the temperature of the embedded heater and the bimorph actuators. The heat loss coefficient to the surrounding atmosphere is obtained from finite element (FE) simulations. The distributed thermal resistances are represented by an equivalent circuit model with a few elements. A simplification of the circuit model is proposed when small length scales are involved. Rotation angle per unit power input predicted by the circuit model has an error of less than 8% compared to experimental results.
Powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca fuliginea) resistance in melon is selectable at the haploid level (2003)

The major cause of powdery mildew in melons (Cucumis melo L.) is the fungus Sphaerotheca fuliginea. There are several cultivar- and season-specific races of this fungus. In order to control powdery mildew, it is important to introduce resistance to fungal infection into new cultivars during melon breeding. Haploid breeding is a powerful tool for the production of pure lines. In this study, it was investigated whether powdery mildew resistance could be manifested at the haploid level from two disease-resistant melon lines, PMR 45 and WMR 29. the effects of various races of S. fuliginea on diploid and haploid plants of PMR 45 and WMR 29 and of a disease-susceptible line, Fuyu 3 were measured. The responses of haploid and diploid plants to powdery mildew were identical. In addition, haploids that were generated from hybrids between Fuyu 3 and disease-resistant lines were examined. Seven out of 13 haploids from a Fuyu 3xPMR 45 cross and 10 out of 12 haploids from a Fuyu 3xWMR 29 cross were classified as resistant plants because they showed the same responses as their disease-resistant diploid parents to the various fungal races. These results indicate that resistance in PMR 45 and WMR 29 is selectable at the haploid level. All of the plant responses were observed by microscopy. A possible mechanism for generating powdery mildew resistance in two different melon lines is discussed.
Oxygen Vacancy Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity of Pervoskite SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (2014)

A facile and general method has been developed to fabricate oxygen vacancies on perovskite SrTiO3 (STO) nanocrystals through a controllable solid-state reaction of NaBH4 and SrTiO3 nanocrystals. STO samples with tunable color, oxygen vacancy concentration on nanocrystal surface have been synthesized. TEM results reveal that these STO samples have a crystalline core/amorphous shell structure (SrTiO3@SrTiO3–x). XPS and EPR results disclose that the oxygen vacancy concentration increases with the increase of reaction time and temperature. The concentration of oxygen vacancies calculated from TGA data, could reach 5.07% (atom) in this study. UV–vis spectra and photocatalytic results indicate that oxygen vacancies on STO surface play an important role in influencing the light absorption and photocatalytic performance. However, an excess amount of oxygen vacancies leads to a decrease of photocatalytic performance. The optimal photocatalytic activity for H2 production under UV–vis irradiation is up to 2.2 mmol h–1 g–1, which is about 2.3 times than the original SrTiO3, corresponding to 3.28% (atom) of oxygen vacancy concentration.
Laser Treatment of Glaucoma (2008)

AbstractPurpose:To review the historical perspective and the evolution of the laser trabeculoplasty (LT) techniques clinically used for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) with continuous wave (CW) 514-nm argon LT (ALT), CW 532-nm frequency-doubled Nd:YAG LT (fd Nd:YAG LT), CW 810-nm diode LT (DLT),
Atomic Layer Deposition of High-k Oxides on Graphene (2011)

Graphene that is a single hexagonal layer of carbon atoms with very high intrinsic charge carrier mobility (more than 200 000 cm 2 /Vs at 4.2 K for suspended samples; During last few years, significant advancement has been made in preparation of large-area graphene. The lateral sizes of substrates for graphene layers have been increased up to m This kind of progress might allow one to apply similar planar technologies for fabricating graphene-based devices in future as currently used for processing of siliconbased structures. After very first experiments However, in order to realize graphene-based devices, a highquality dielectric on top of graphene is required for electrostatic gates as well as for tunnel barriers for spin injection. For efficient control of charge carrier movement dielectric layers deposited on graphene should be very thin, a few nanometers thick, and of very uniform thickness without any pinholes. At the same time, the dielectric should possess high dielectric constant, high breakdown voltage and low leakage current even at a small thickness. And, of course, it is expected that the high mobility of charge carriers in graphene should not be markedly affected by the dielectric layer. In order to make top-gated graphene-based Field Effect Transistor (FET), They used p-type Si(100) wafers with a boron doping concentration of 10 15 cm -3 , which were oxydized to a SiO 2 thickness of 300 nm. On these wafers, micromechanically exfoliated graphene flakes were sticked. The Ti/Au source and drain electrodes were prepared using optical lift-off lithography. Next, electron beam lift-off lithography was applied to define a top gate electrode on top of the graphene flake covered with the dielectric (Fig. Lemme et al. were first to demonstrate that the combined effect of back and top gates can be applied to graphene devices. However, measurements of the back-gate characteristics before www.intechopen.com
How to educate a writer (1995)

The education of a writer is not something to be undertaken casually, or lightly; there's an initial seriousness about it that starts not just with the moment of birth, or even of conception. You've got to choose the right parents, for instance.
Network security model (2002)

In view of the importance of researchers sharing the same concept of network security, this paper proposes a model in which network security issues can be treated integrally. The importance of network security has been recognized for some time, but providing networks (especially public networks) with security functions has proved difficult. The role of the network itself in computer network security has been minimal, as computers inevitably maintain their own security. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a network security reference model.
Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness and Tractions for Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2004)

Emulsions, consisting of a small volume of oil dispersed in water in the form of small particles, are popular lubricants for metal rolling and some machine design applications. A number of mechanisms have been suggested for the lubricating behavior of emulsions, among which plate-out, starvation, and dynamic concentration are of particular interest here. At low speeds, the emulsion provides essentially the same lubricating ability as neat oil for a point contact, consistent with plate-out. At some critical speed, the emulsion behavior departs from the neat oil, associated with starvation of the inlet zone. At a second critical speed, dynamic concentration becomes the important mechanism. This article measures the film thickness and traction coefficients of oil-in-water emulsions in the different regimes of behavior and compares the results to existing theoretical understanding. The effect of droplet size is isolated as a causative element in fluid film formation.
Смеется ли серьезный человек (2015)

This article analyzes the dialectical of relationship of seriousness and responsibility. For this purpose made explicit the relationship of the seriousness and the hierarchy of being, and the seriousness and laughter. The article shows that a serious person responsible dialectically negated a laugh: that to be a serious necessary to release responsibility with help of laughter.
Effect of Electrolyte in Electrospun PEO/TiO<sub>2</sub>Composite Fibers (2007)

Abstract Effect of lithium perchlorate and TiO2 particles on electrospinning of polyethylene oxide was studied to fabricate TiO2 electrodes for dye-sensitized solar cell. Fibers were analyzed with optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Optimum amount of salt content induced stable fiber formation. Keywords: electrospinninglithium perchloratepolyethylene oxidetitanium dioxide
Categorization of action slips. (1981)

A slip is the error that occurs when a person does an action that is not intended. In this article I examine several collections of slips, primarily of actions, with the aim of devising a theoretical explication. A theory of action is outlined in which an action sequence is represented by a parent schema and numerous child schemas, in which several action schemas can be active at any one time, and in which each schema has a set of triggering conditions and an activation value. The path from intention to action consists of the activation of the parent schema that corresponds to the intention, the activation of child schemas for the component parts of the action sequence, and then the appropriate triggering of schemas when the conditions match those required for their operations. This action system allows slips to be organized into three major categories and a number of subcategories. The three major categories of slips are: (a) errors in the formation of the intention (which includes the subcategories of mode and description errors); (b) faulty activation of schemas (which includes the subcategories of capture errors, data-driven and associative activations, loss of intention, and misordering of action components); and (c) faulty triggering (which includes the subcategories of spoonerisms, blends, intrusions of thoughts, and premature triggering).
The time to eradicate gastric cancer is now: Figure 1 (2005)

Worldwide gastric cancer remains one of the most common cancers, killing upwards of one million people each year. While the molecular pathogenesis remains unclear, infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is considered a "necessary but not sufficient" cause, not surprisingly as gastric cancer has long been known to be associated with atrophic gastritis. Eradication of H pylori is expected to virtually eliminate gastric cancer and H pylori associated peptic ulcer within approximately 40 years and thus reduce overall mortality. In the USA, the incidence of gastric cancer in the general population is low, reflecting the change in the pattern of gastritis from atrophic to non-atrophic and in the low and decreasing prevalence of H pylori infection in the middle and upper classes. However, the plan for eradication of this important pathogen must be considered within the context of the prevalence and outcome within specific populations.
Age-Related Cochlear Hair Cell Loss in the Chinchilla (1985)

The spiral organ of the chinchilla was studied by the surface-preparation technique in four different age groups: 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years, to assess age-related hair cell loss. Decrease in hair cell population is linearly related to age, and damage rate of outer hair cells is greater than that of inner hair cells. The mean percentage of damaged total outer hair cells was 0.60%, 1.16%, 1.71%, and 7.07% in animals in 1 month, 6 months, 1 year, and 4 years of age, respectively. Outer hair cell loss was greatest in the apex of the cochlea and, of these cells, the outermost row was the most affected. Damage to inner hair cells also increases with age. Age-related apical cochlear cell loss in the chinchilla is comparable to that observed in other laboratory animals.
Evidence that a Novel Thioesterase is Responsible for Polyketide Chain Release during Biosynthesis of the Polyether Ionophore Monensin (2006)

Polyether ionophores, such as monensin A, are known to be biosynthesised, like many other antibiotic polyketides, on giant modular polyketide synthases (PKSs), but the intermediates and enzymes involved in the subsequent steps of oxidative cyclisation remain undefined. In particular there has been no agreement on the mechanism and timing of the final polyketide chain release. We now report evidence that MonCII from the monensin biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces cinnamonensis, which was previously thought to be an epoxide hydrolase, is a novel thioesterase that belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase structural family and might catalyse this step. Purified recombinant MonCII was found to hydrolyse several thioester substrates, including an N-acetylcysteamine thioester derivative of monensin A. Further, incubation with a hallmark inhibitor of such enzymes, phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride, led to inhibition of the thioesterase activity and to the accumulation of an acylated form of MonCII. These findings require a reassessment of the role of other enzymes implicated in the late stages of polyether ionophore biosynthesis.
Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate (2018)

The human gut microbiota is an important environmental factor for human health with evolutionarily conserved roles in immunity, metabolism, development, and behavior of the host. Probiotic organisms are claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of immune system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a probiotic supplementation on adult volunteers who have contracted the common cold four or more times in the past year. This study is a single center, double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective trial. Subjects received a probiotic drink containing <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> (at least 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> colony forming units (CFU) ml<sup>-1</sup>), <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> 431<sup>®</sup> (at least 3 × 10<sup>7</sup> CFU ml<sup>-1</sup>) and <i>Lactobacillus fermentium</i> PCC<sup>®</sup> (at least 3 × 10<sup>6</sup> CFU ml<sup>-1</sup>) or an identical placebo without probiotics for a 12-week study period. The consumption of probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of upper respiratory infection (p < 0.023) and flu-like symptoms with an oral temperature higher than 38 °C (p < 0.034) as compared to the placebo group. Subjects that consumed probiotics demonstrated a significantly higher level of IFN-γ in the serum (p < 0.001) and sIgA in the gut (p < 0.010) as compared to the placebo group and a significant higher level of serum IFN-γ (p < 0.001) and gut sIgA (p < 0.001) as compared to their baseline test results. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the serum IL-4, IL-10, IgA, IgG or IgM between the probiotics and the placebo groups. Results of this study demonstrated that probiotics were safe and effective for fighting the common cold and influenza-like respiratory infections by boosting the immune system.
Elementary processes of the Ziegler catalysis, 7. Ethylene, α‐olefin and norbornene copolymerization with the stereorigid catalyst systems ipr[flucp]zrcl<sub>2</sub>/mao and me<sub>2</sub>si[ind]<sub>2</sub>zrcl<sub>2</sub>/mao (1993)

Abstract The stereorigid ansa ‐metallocene catalysts [2,4‐cyclopentadien‐1‐ylidene(isopropylidene)‐fluoren‐9‐ylidene]zirconium dichloride/methylaluminoxane (iPr[FluCp]ZrCl 2 /MAO) and [(dimethylsilylene)bis(η 5 ‐inden‐1‐ylidene)]zirconium dichloride/methylaluminoxane (Me 2 Si[Ind] 2 ‐ZrCl 2 /MAO) are different in respect to the symmetry and, therefore, to the behaviour of the stereospecifity, in the size of the angle between the planes of the π‐ligand systems and in the homopolymerization behaviour of ethylene and propene. The present paper concerns itself with comparing the investigations of the ethylene/α‐olefin and the ethylene/cycloolefin copolymerization with both catalyst systems. The main kinetic result for both catalysts is that the α‐olefins show an accelerating effect on the ethylene polymerization rate during the copolymerization whereas norbornene shows exclusively a rate‐decreasing effect. The acceleration effect can be explained by an increase in the concentration of active centres and/or an increase of the rate constant of the ethylene insertion. The analysis of the microstructures of the formed copolymers by the use of statistical models demonstrates that in copolymers with a high content of α‐olefins, the experimental trial distributions can only be described satisfactorily with second‐order Markovian statistics. That means that in this case the last two monomers have influence on the insertion of the subsequent monomer. A further main result of all investigated copolymerizations is that the r ‐parameters for the α‐olefin insertion are more favourable for the system iPr[FluCp]ZrCl 2 /MAO than for the system Me 2 Si[Ind] 2 ZrCl 2 /MAO; the reason for this is the different size in the coordination gap aperture of the π‐ligands. Furthermore, the r ‐parameters show only a small dependence on the chain length of the α‐olefin. Finally, it is remarkable that the stereospecifity (syndiotactic or isotactic α‐olefin blocks) remains intact in the copolymers.
Principal axis misalignment control for deconing of spinning spacecraft (1994)

Deconing controllers are developed for a spinning spacecraft, where the control mechanism is that of axial or radial moving masses that are used to produce intentional, transient principal axis misalignments. A single mass axial controller issued to motivate the concept, and then axial and radial dual mass controllers are described. The two mass problem is of particular interest since spacecraft imbalances can be simultaneously removed with the same control logic. Each controller is tested via simulation for its ability to eliminate existing coning motion for a range of spin rates. Both controllers are developed via a linear-quadratic-regulator synthesis procedure, which is motivated by their multi-input/multi-output nature. The dynamic coupling in the radial two mass control problem introduces some particularly interesting design complications. 10 refs.
Adding salt to a surfactant solution: Linear rheological response of the resulting morphologies (2015)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Danila Gaudino, Rossana Pasquino, Nino Grizzuti; Adding salt to a surfactant solution: Linear rheological response of the resulting morphologies. J. Rheol. 1 November 2015; 59 (6): 1363–1375. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.4931114 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Elemental and Isotopic Composition of the Galactic Cosmic Rays (1983)

Following a major shortage of 99Mo in the 2009–2010 period, concern grew that the aging reactor production facilities needed to be replaced. Most producers were using highly enriched 235U (HEU) as the target material. The Organisation for Economic Co-...Read More
A panorama-based method of personal positioning and orientation and its real-time applications for wearable computers (2002)

In this paper, we describe an improved method of personal positioning and orientation using image registration between input video frames and panoramic images captured beforehand. In our previous work, we proposed the method of image registration with an affine transform. However, the affine transform is generally not capable of image registration between a frame and a panorama. We improved the previous method so that it can estimate projective transform parameters without severely increasing computational cost. We also improved the method to be robust with respect to lighting changes by using the weighted sum of absolute difference of both brightness and its gradient between images. We confirmed that this improved method could estimate image registration parameters under conditions that hindered the previous method. Its computational cost increased by only 10-20% and its software implementation was capable of real-time processing.
Nonempirical calculations on all the 29 possible DNA base pairs (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonempirical calculations on all the 29 possible DNA base pairsPavel Hobza and Camille SandorfyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 5, 1302–1307Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00239a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00239a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts