gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hemolytic plaque assay for activated murine T cells. (1979)

In an earlier report, it was shown that murine spleen cells cultured with concanavalin A (Con A) released into the culture supernatants helper and suppressor substances for antibody production. The present communication describes the production of rabbit antisera against culture supernates from Con A-activated spleen cells and their use in a plaque assay for mitogen-activated T cells. The plaque assay, utilizing SRBC to which Staphylococcal protein A had been coupled, the developing anti-supernatant antiserum and guinea pig complement, readily detected secreting T cells. The T-cell nature of the plaque-forming cells (PFC) was established principally by the following: (a) the majority of lymphocytes in the centers of plaques were Thy-1-positive by fluroescence; (b) spleen cells depleted of B cells by incubation in plastic dishes coated with rabbit anti-mouse Ig antibody gave greatly enriched PFC responses; (c) anti-Thy-1 and anti-Lyt-2.2 treatment of spleen cells almost completely depleted PFC; (d) T-cell mitogens (Con A and phytohemagglutinin) but not B-cell mitogens (lipopolysaccharides) induced PFC responses; (e) T cells maintained in culture for 10 d with Con A and T-cell growth factor yielded PFC. Kinetic and dose response studies showed that high doses of mitogen induced rapidly appearing T-PFC and the responses peaked at day 1--2 of culture. Lower doses of mitogen-induced PFC required longer periods of incubation for detection, indicating that cell activation and secretion may be different dose-dependent activities of mitogens. Another noteworthy finding was that the antiserum reacted with surface antigens of T-PFC, indicating that secreted products are expressed on the membranes of T cells, offering the possibility of isolating populations of cells with specific secretory potential. Although the precise nature of the T-cell products detected by the antiserum used in this assay are unresolved, 10% of the target-cell-adherent population from spleen cells of BALB/c mice sensitized to L929 cells formed plaques. This suggests that the antiserum has significant activity against the products of cytotoxic T cells, a finding which accords with the activity of anti-Lyt-2.2 serum against mitogen-induced T-PFC. The method clearly offers new possibilities for the analysis of T cells and their products and should provide an important approach to the clonal analysis of lymphokine production.
Gene transfer in ovarian cancer cells: a comparison between retroviral and lentiviral vectors. (2002)

Local gene therapy could be a therapeutic option for ovarian carcinoma, a life-threatening malignancy, because of disease containment within the peritoneal cavity in most patients. Lentiviral vectors, which are potentially capable of stable transgene expression, may be useful to vehicle therapeutic molecules requiring long-term production in these tumors. To investigate this concept, we used lentiviral vectors to deliver the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene to ovarian cancer cells. Their efficiency of gene transfer was compared with that of a retroviral vector carrying the same envelope. In vitro, both vectors infected ovarian cancer cells with comparable efficiency under standard culture conditions; however, the lentiviral vector was much more efficient in transducing growth-arrested cells when compared with the retroviral vector. Gene transfer was fully neutralized by an anti-VSV-G antibody, and in vitro stability was similar. In vivo, the lentiviral vector delivered the transgene 10-fold more efficiently to ovarian cancer cells growing i.p. in SCID mice, as evaluated by real-time PCR analysis of the tumors. Confocal microscopy analysis of tumor sections showed a dramatic difference at the level of transgene expression, because abundant EGFP(+) cells were detected only in mice receiving the lentiviral vector. Quantitative analysis by flow cytometry confirmed this and indicated 0.05 and 5.6% EGFP(+) tumor cells after administration of the retroviral and lentiviral vector, respectively. Injection of ex vivo transduced tumor cells, sorted for EGFP expression, indicated that the lentiviral vector was considerably more resistant to in vivo silencing in comparison with the retroviral vector. Finally, multiple administrations of a murine IFN-alpha(1)-lentiviral vector to ovarian carcinoma-bearing mice significantly prolonged the animals' survival, indicating the therapeutic efficacy of this approach. These findings indicate that lentiviral vectors deserve attention in the design of future gene therapy approaches to ovarian cancer aimed at achieving long-term expression of therapeutic genes.
Quaternion Product Units for Deep Learning on 3D Rotation Groups (2020)

We propose a novel quaternion product unit (QPU) to represent data on 3D rotation groups. The QPU leverages quaternion algebra and the law of 3D rotation group, representing 3D rotation data as quaternions and merging them via a weighted chain of Hamilton products. We prove that the representations derived by the proposed QPU can be disentangled into "rotation-invariant" features and "rotation-equivariant" features, respectively, which supports the rationality and the efficiency of the QPU in theory. We design quaternion neural networks based on our QPUs and make our models compatible with existing deep learning models. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data show that the proposed QPU is beneficial for the learning tasks requiring rotation robustness.
Phase I trial and pharmacokinetics of trimelamol (N2,N4,N6-trihydroxymethyl-N2,N4,N6-trimethylmelamine). (1989)

Trimelamol is an analogue of hexamethylmelamine and pentamethylmelamine which does not require metabolic activation and is sufficiently soluble to allow parenteral administration. A Phase I trial has been performed at the Royal Marsden Hospital in which two schedules of administration have been evaluated, a single i.v. infusion repeated every 3 weeks and 3 daily doses repeated every 3 weeks. Pharmacokinetic analysis was performed at all dose levels on both schedules and a linear correlation was demonstrated between dose and area under the curve. Myelosuppression was dose limiting for single dose administration with a maximum tolerated dose of 2400 mg/m2. Median leukocyte nadirs at 1800, 2100, and 2400 mg/m2 were 3.2, 2.6, and 1.5 x 10(9)/liter. Thrombocytopenia and anemia also occurred but were not dose limiting. Doses greater than 1500 mg/m2 caused WHO grade 3 nausea and vomiting but no acute sedation. Three day administration appeared to be less myelosuppressive, giving a maximum tolerated dose of 1000 mg/m2. Median leukocyte nadirs at 800, 900, and 1000 mg/m2 daily for 3 days were 3.0, 2.3, and 1.5 x 10(9)/liter. Nonhematological toxicities were also less marked on the fractionated schedule. Antitumor effects were observed including 1 complete and 9 partial responses. Demonstration of activity in ovarian cancer has led to further evaluation in this disease using the 3-day schedule at a dose of 800 mg/m2 daily for 3 days.
A Review on the Role of Blockchain Technology in the Healthcare Domain (2019)

Recently, there have been increasing calls for healthcare providers to provide controls for patients over their personal health records. Nevertheless, security issues concerning how different healthcare providers exchange healthcare information have caused a flop in the deployment of such systems. The ability to exchange data securely is important so that new borderless integrated healthcare services can be provided to patients. Due to its decentralized nature, blockchain technology is a suitable driver for the much-needed shift towards integrated healthcare, providing new insights and addressing some of the main challenges of many healthcare areas. Blockchain allows healthcare providers to record and manage peer-to-peer transactions through a network without central authority. In this paper, we discuss the concept of blockchain technology and hurdles in their adoption in the healthcare domain. Furthermore, a review is conducted on the latest implementations of blockchain technology in healthcare. Finally, a new case study of a blockchain-based healthcare platform is presented addressing the drawbacks of current designs, followed by recommendations for future blockchain researchers and developers.
Investigation of different techniques for determining the road uphill gradient and the pitch angle of vehicles (2004)

This report presents different approaches to estimate the road uphill gradient and the vehicle pitch angle with the help of the vertical accelerometer, the longitudinal accelerometer and the wheel speed sensor, which are usually installed in modern vehicles. As the first attempt, only straight forward driving is considered here. All these approaches are developed based on mathematical models. The practicability of these techniques is investigated by car tests. In order to extend the operation area, a strategy to combine the different techniques is developed.
Male perineal sling with autologous aponeurosis and bone fixation: description of a technical modification (2003)

Post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence is an uncommon complication of adenomectomies, occurring in approximately 1% of cases and being more frequent following radical prostatectomies. There is a significant implication in the quality of life for these patients. The surgical techniques employed for its treatment are the implantation of an artificial sphincter, peri-urethral injections and suburethral slings. Considering the low efficacy of peri-urethral injections and the high cost of artificial sphincters, we present in this work a technical modification of the suburethral sling, whose preliminary results are satisfactory. The fundamental modification in this technique is due to the replacement of the synthetic material usually employed for making the sling for autologous tissue, constituted by an aponeurotic strip taken from the rectus muscle of abdomen. This modification aims to minimize risks of urethral erosion that, despite it was not described in this population due to the use of synthetic materials, is a possibility when facing the tension that is used over the bulbar urethra. In addition to such aspects the autologous aponeurosis does not have a cost except for a short prolongation of the surgical act.
Insecticide Structure and Activity, Insecticidal Activity of Carbamate Cholinesterase Inhibitors (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInsecticide Structure and Activity, Insecticidal Activity of Carbamate Cholinesterase InhibitorsM. J. Kolbezen, R. L. Metcalf, and T. R. FukutoCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1954, 2, 17, 864–870Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60037a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60037a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views484Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridine meets 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine: tuning the electro-optical properties of ruthenium(ii) complexes (2008)

The synthesis of a series of heteroleptic ruthenium(ii)-complexes containing both, 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine and 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine, is reported for the first time. The provided complexes feature photophysical and electrochemical properties in between those known for the respective homoleptic complexes. The flexibility with respect to lateral functional groups to be introduced into the complexes underlines the high potential for further functionalization steps.
The system K2O-PbO-SiO2 (1936)

The system was investigated by means of well known m ethods involving quenching, petrographic examination, and heating curves.Five t ernary compounds were identified by optical properties and the chemical composition of four of these established.A number of melts were studied also as glasses to obtain data of interest to manufacturers of glasses, glazes, and enamels.
Noncoding RNAs in Cancer Development (2016)

It is becoming increasingly clear that a large repertoire of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are actively transcribed from the mammalian genome, regulating diverse cellular processes in development and diseases through a variety of gene regulatory mechanisms. As the most extensively studied ncRNA species, microRNAs (miRNAs) are important components in the oncogene and tumor suppressor network, and have been employed as potential biomarkers, therapeutic reagents, and therapeutic targets for cancer treatment. Other ncRNAs, particularly long noncoding RNAs, also have a profound impact on cancer development, as demonstrated in both mouse and human tumor models. We are only starting to understand the realm of ncRNA biology, and the exact molecular mechanisms governing ncRNA functions remain largely unexplored. With numerous ncRNAs discovered through high-throughput approaches, understanding their functions in malignant transformation will be one of the most exciting challenges in cancer research.
A moving horizon scheme for distributed state estimation (2009)

This paper presents a novel distributed estimation algorithm based on the concept of moving horizon estimation. Under weak observability conditions we prove convergence of the state estimates computed by any sensor to the correct state even when constraints on noise are taken into account in the estimation process. Simulation examples are provided in order to show the main features of the proposed method.
FME: A Flexible Management Entity for virtualizing LTE Evolved Packet Core (2014)

The 4G Evolved Packet Core (EPC) is the pillar of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile networks. Inspired by the current trend of designing distributed and more autonomous systems, we can notice that the complexity of the existing EPC seriously limits this possibility. We principally consider a reshaping of cellular networks in order to move towards virtual-distributed architectures allowing dynamic deployments of commercial/non-commercial, temporary or local networks. In this paper, we present Flexible Management Entity (FME), a distributed entity which leverages on virtualized EPC functionalities in 4G-LTE cellular systems. We highlight several conceptual and engineering trade-offs in realizing such a system.We also analyze the behavior and benefits of FME in various simulation settings that expose the dynamic deployment scenarios for 4G networks.
The Front-End Hardware Design Issue in Ultrasonic Tomography (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper explains the front-end hardware design for ultrasonic tomography. The ultrasonic tomography system presented in this paper uses a noninvasive sensing technique with transmission-mode approach for investigating gas bubbles in an experimental column. Several explanations regarding the common tomography technique and the hardware preparation are also discussed. The sensory parts consist of 32 units of ultrasonic transceivers to form the fan-shaped beam projections. A low voltage of 20 V has been used to generate the ultrasonic burst tones. The electronic circuitry details, including the signal generator, the signal conditioning, and the signal acquisition strategy, are also presented. The results from this paper are useful for further development in ultrasonic tomography design. </para>
Insights into the function of the human P-TEFb component CDK9 in the regulation of chromatin modifications and co-transcriptional mRNA processing (2009)

Cyclin-dependent kinase-9 (CDK9) was originally characterized as a transcription elongation factor which regulates RNA Polymerase II (RNAPII) activity following transcriptional initiation. However, recent evidence from a number of studies have shown that CDK9 plays an important role in regulating not only RNAPII activity but also co-transcriptional histone modification and mRNA processing events such as splicing and 3' end processing. Importantly, our previous work and the work presented here demonstrate that CDK9 functions to guide a complex network of chromatin modifications including histone H2B monoubiquitination (H2Bub1), H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) and H3K36me3. This function appears to be dependent upon not only the phosphorylation of the RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain but also upon other CDK9 targets such as the Suppressor of Ty Homolog-5 (SUPT5H), Negative Elongation Factor-E (NELF-E) and probably the human Rad6 homolog UBE2A. We provide a working model by which CDK9 may control co-transcriptional replication-dependent histone mRNA 3' end processing in an H2Bub1 and H3K4me3-dependent manner and uncover new and important differences between the functions of human CDK9 and its yeast counterparts Ctk1 and Bur1.
Synthesis and carbon tetrachloride reactions of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]phosphines (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and carbon tetrachloride reactions of bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amino]phosphinesBei-Li Li, Joseph S. Engenito Jr., Robert H. Neilson, and Patty Wisian-NeilsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 4, 575–579Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00146a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00146a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A multiple row-based layout generator for CMOS cells (2002)

An implementation of a layout generator which follows a multi-row-based layout style is presented. By considering multiple rows in the same cell, it is possible to incorporate the complexity of the inter-row routing in the placement phase. The cell generator is more suitable for circuits that contain both structured and random logic. It is targeted for use in the automatic generation of custom cell libraries. Unlike previous cell generators which consider only the width optimization, the authors' cell generator tries to minimize the layout area by explicitly considering both dimensions of the layout in the cost function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Three‐Component One‐Pot Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydropyrano[2,3‐<i>c</i>]pyrazole Derivatives in Aqueous Media (2004)

Abstract 6‐Amino‐5‐cyano‐4‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazoles were synthesized by three‐component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2‐pyrazolin‐5‐one using triethylbenzylammonium chloride (TEBA) as catalyst in aqueous media. The reaction has the advantages of good yield, less pollution, ease of separation, and of being environment friendly.
Microfluidic Fabrication of Hydrogel Microparticles Containing Functionalized Viral Nanotemplates (2010)

We demonstrate rapid microfluidic fabrication of hybrid microparticles composed of functionalized viral nanotemplates directly embedded in polymeric hydrogels. Specifically, genetically modified tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) templates were covalently labeled with fluorescent markers or metalized with palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (Pd-TMV) and then suspended in a poly(ethylene glycol)-based solution. Upon formation in a flow-focusing device, droplets were photopolymerized with UV light to form microparticles. Fluorescence and confocal microscopy images of microparticles containing fluorescently labeled TMV show uniform distribution of TMV nanotemplates throughout the microparticles. Catalytic activity, via the dichromate reduction reaction, is also demonstrated with microparticles containing Pd-TMV complexes. Additionally, Janus microparticles were fabricated containing viruses embedded in one side and magnetic nanoparticles in the other, which enabled simple separation from bulk solution. These results represent a facile route to directly harness the advantages of viral nanotemplates into a readily usable and stable 3D assembled format.
The preparation of regenerated silk fibroin microspheres (2007)

The objective of the present study is to investigate the possibility of preparing pure protein microspheres from regenerated silk fibroin (RSF). It is found that RSF microspheres, with predictable and controllable sizes ranging from 0.2 to 1.5 µm, can be prepared mild self-assembling of silk fibroin molecular chains. The merits of this novel method include a rather simple production apparatus and no potentially toxic agents, such as surfactants, initiators, cross-linking agents, The results show that the particle size and size distribution of RSF microspheres are greatly affected by the amount of ethanol additive, the freezing temperature and the concentration of silk fibroin. Finally, the mechanism of RSF microspheres formation is also discussed based on our experimental results.
Comprehensive Identification of Cell Cycle–regulated Genes of the Yeast<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>by Microarray Hybridization (1998)

We sought to create a comprehensive catalog of yeast genes whose transcript levels vary periodically within the cell cycle. To this end, we used DNA microarrays and samples from yeast cultures synchronized by three independent methods: alpha factor arrest, elutriation, and arrest of a cdc15 temperature-sensitive mutant. Using periodicity and correlation algorithms, we identified 800 genes that meet an objective minimum criterion for cell cycle regulation. In separate experiments, designed to examine the effects of inducing either the G1 cyclin Cln3p or the B-type cyclin Clb2p, we found that the mRNA levels of more than half of these 800 genes respond to one or both of these cyclins. Furthermore, we analyzed our set of cell cycle-regulated genes for known and new promoter elements and show that several known elements (or variations thereof) contain information predictive of cell cycle regulation. A full description and complete data sets are available at http://cellcycle-www.stanford.edu