gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induced systemic resistance against three foliar diseases of <i>Agrostis stolonifera</i> by (2<i>R</i>,3<i>R</i>)‐butanediol or an isoparaffin mixture (2010)

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is a type of plant defence mechanism typically activated by non‐pathogenic root‐associated micro‐organisms and systemic priming of gene expression in response to subsequent pathogen challenge. ISR was found to be activated by PC1, a mixture of food‐grade synthetic isoparaffins and (2 R ,3 R )‐butanediol, a volatile organic compound produced by bacteria. In controlled environment tests, application of PC1 or (2 R ,3 R )‐butanediol to the soil reduced the diseased leaf area of Agrostis stolonifera by 20–40% for the fungal pathogens, Microdochium nivale , Rhizoctonia solani or Sclerotinia homoeocarpa compared to the water control. In A. stolonifera , expression of the jasmonate synthesis‐related genes, AsAOS1 , encoding an allene oxide synthase, and AsOPR4 , encoding a 12‐oxo‐phytodienoic acid reductase, and expression of a pathogenesis‐related protein gene, AsGns5 , encoding an acidic β ‐1,3‐glucanase, were primed for increased expression by PC1 or (2 R ,3 R )‐butanediol when M. nivale was inoculated 7 days later. However, the compounds differed in their ability to induce expression prior to pathogen challenge. PC1 induced AsAOS1 expression upon treatment, whereas (2 R ,3 R )‐butanediol induced expression of AsOPR4 and AsGns5 upon treatment. These results indicate that both (2 R ,3 R )‐butanediol and PC1 can produce ISR in A. stolonifera but may do so through different mechanisms.
Induction of NF-κB DNA-Binding Activity during the G <sub>0</sub> -to-G <sub>1</sub> Transition in Mouse Fibroblasts (1991)

A DNA-binding factor with properties of NF-kappa B and another similar activity are rapidly induced when growth-arrested BALB/c 3T3 cells are stimulated with serum growth factors. Induction of these DNA-binding activities is not inhibited by pretreatment of quiescent cells with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Interestingly, the major NF-kappa B-like activity is not detected in nuclear extracts of proliferating cells, and thus its expression appears to be limited to the G0-to-G1 transition in 3T3 cells. These DNA-binding activities bind many of the expected NF-kappa B target sequences, including elements in the class I major histocompatibility complex and human immunodeficiency virus enhancers, as well as a recently identified NF-kappa B binding site upstream of the c-myc gene. Furthermore, both the class I major histocompatibility complex and c-myc NF-kappa B binding sites confer inducibility on a minimal promoter in 3T3 cells stimulated with serum growth factors. The results demonstrate that NF-kappa B-like activities are immediate-early response proteins in 3T3 cells and suggest a role for these factors in the G0-to-G1 transition.
A phase 2 trial of fludarabine and mitoxantrone chemotherapy followed by yttrium‐90 ibritumomab tiuxetan for patients with previously untreated, indolent, nonfollicular, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (2008)

The current study established the feasibility, tolerability, and efficacy of the FM plus 90Y ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen for the treatment of patients with untreated, indolent, nonfollicular NHL.
Synthesis and Reactions of 3-Methylcyclobutene (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Reactions of 3-MethylcyclobuteneEmanuel Gil-Av and Joseph ShabtaiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 2, 257–262Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01025a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01025a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views481Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ELECTRICALLY WELDED THIN ALUMINUM ENVELOPES AND THEIR USE IN COMMUNICATIONS CABLE DESIGNS (1969)

Abstract : The paper deals with the kabelmetal 'Weldfoil' process, a process for welding aluminum strip of a thickness less than 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) on cable core diameters up to 75 mm (3 in.). Welded aluminium envelopes made by this process can be used as vapour impervious shields for many types of telecommunication cables. On a 'UNIWEMA' welding machine a strip is formed around the core so that the side portions are radially extended. By trimming both side portions in one cut they are aligned and give a tab of requisite height. Across the oxide-free edges of the tab a crown is welded along the length of the envelope so formed. The tab is then folded down. A copolymer layer and a conventional polyethylene jacket are extruded over the tab-welded envelope. Such a sheath is completely vapour impervious and has the required mechanical characteristics. The full circumferential conductivity provided by the welded envelope imparts excellent shielding properties. Test data are given and examples of several cable designs are discussed. (Author)
A PRACTICAL SYNTHESIS OF AMBROX® FROM SCLAREOL USING NO METALLIC OXIDANT (2001)

The commercial synthesis of Ambrox® is modified so that the key intermediate, the sclareolide, results from an indirect oxidative degradation of sclareol. This method allows to greatly alleviate the waste disposal problem and to raise the overall yield of Ambrox® to 75%.
Interferon-γ-Jak-Stat Signaling in Pulmonary Lymphangioleiomyomatosis and Renal Angiomyolipoma (2005)

Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) and renal angiomyolipoma (AML) are proliferative lesions that occur in sporadic patients, and at much higher frequency in patients with tuberous sclerosis (TSC). The TSC1 and TSC2 genes play a critical role in their pathogenesis. Here we report a marked decrease in interferon (IFN)-gamma expression in both sporadic and TSC-associated AML and LAM. A marked increase in Stat1 expression and phosphorylation at Ser 727, and in phospho-Tyr705-Stat3 levels, was also seen in both AML and LAM tissues. Our results demonstrate that the IFN-gamma-Jak-Stat pathway is perturbed in TSC-related and sporadic LAM and AML, and suggest that IFN-gamma has potential therapeutic benefit for treatment of those lesions.
Multi-Task Deep Learning for the Detection of Lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT Imaging (2022)

Purpose: The emerging PSMA targeted radionuclide therapy provides an effective method for the treatment of advanced metastatic prostate cancer. To optimize diagostics, therapy monitoring and ultimately the theranostic benefit, it is urgently needed to characterize all the lesions to target before the treatment. However, this is extremely challenging considering the factor that dozens of lesions of heterogenous size and uptake may distribute in a variety of anatomical context with different background. Until now, there is no successful computer-aided lesion detection methods for PSMA imaging. Methods: A cohort of 71 patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer were scanned with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. For proof-of-concept, we focus on the detection and segmentation of bone & lymph node lesions in the pelvic area. To train the network, the bone and lymph node lesions were manually labelled by a nuclear medicine expert. A multi-task deep learning architecture (MulTi-Net) based on fully convolutional neural networks was developed to detect the lesions. It aimed to first extract salient features from PET and CT, the combined features would then be adopted to automatically detect all the lesions in a 3D manner. The framework contains five fully connected convolutional layers and two sigmoid classification layers. In contrast to conventional V-Net, it deleted pooling layer to avoid possible losing of fine texture information. A cross-hair filter was integrated to extensively reduce hyperparameters and speed up the training procedure. An additional regularization was added to deal with class imbalanced tumor-to-background ratio. For comparison, the detection accuracy of conventional W-Net (cascaded V-Nets) were calculated. Results: Compared with conventional W-Net, the multi-task deep learning has improved the detection precision from 72.8% to 90.2%, recall from 59.9% to 76.3% for bone lesion. For the lymph node lesion (n=63), it improved the detection precision from 57.8% to 81.4% ad recall from 44.1% to 62.6%. Conclusion: We proposed the first deep learning method for automatic detection of lesions on 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT images. A multi-task deep learning method was developed to improve the detection accuracy compared with conventional W-Net. The preliminary test on pelvic area confirmed the potential of deep learning methods. At the moment, more data is being processed, since increasing the amount of training data will further enhance the performance of the developed deep learning methods.
An efficient approach to impulsive noise filtering (2002)

A new algorithm for effectively removing impulsive noise in digital images is proposed. Our computationally efficient algorithm first classifies corrupted pixels and then performs median filtering only for them. We introduce new efficiency factors to compare the performance of the noise detection algorithms. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the existing methods in terms of both objective and subjective evaluations.
Visualization Notations, Models and Taxonomies (2007)

Visualization taxonomies are an important means of imposing some structure on a rather diverse field. We review some earlier work in this area, particularly work based on the use of a notation to label classes of visualization techniques that are appropriate to particular entities. We propose a new notation introducing it in the context of a new visualization reference model, one we hope will lead eventually to a means of describing visualizations in a clear and unambiguous way.
Speaker adaptation for recognition systems with a large vocabulary (2003)

Algorithms for a fast speaker adaptation in a speech-recognition system are described. The techniques aim at transformations of the feature vectors, which have to be optimized with respect to some constraints. The methods transform every feature vector, computed in a 10-ms frame rate, into a speaker-normalized vector. The advantage of adaptation by transforming the feature vectors is that this procedure can be applied no matter which classification scheme is used. It is shown that, by means of adaptation procedures based on statistical correlation analysis, error rates as low as those of a speaker-dependent recognition system can be achieved after an extremely short training phase with any new speaker. The key is that the feature vectors are extended nonlinearly to a polynomial vector of second or higher order. Since the algorithms necessary for calculating the transformation matrices are typical for signal processing a real-time implementation on digital signal processors appears feasible.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fatty acid balance studies in term infants fed formula milk containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (1998)

Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCP) are thought to be required for optimal nervous system development in the newborn. A commercial milk formula containing LCP (Aptamil-LCP) with a fatty acid profile closely resembling breast milk, has recently been introduced for term infants. The absorption of fatty acids in term infants was examined in a double-blind randomized controlled trial comparing Aptamil-LCP (n = 20) and standard Aptamil (n = 20). Formula-fed newborn infants were studied from birth for 14 d. Fat balances (3 d) were performed from d 10. A 3-d stool collection was performed from d 10 in a parallel breastfed group (n = 21). Plasma samples were taken on d 6. Median fat excretion (mg kg[-1]) was 897.1, 615.0 and 355.2 with Aptamil, Aptamil-LCP and breastfeeding, respectively. The median total fat absorption coefficient in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants was higher than in those fed standard Aptamil (p < 0.01). These findings were accounted for by differences in the excretion and absorption of long-chain saturated fatty acids (C14:0, C16:0 and C18:0). Higher fat excretion was associated with bulkier and firmer stools. Only trace amounts of LCP were detected in the stools of all groups. This accounted for less than 4% of dietary intake in Aptamil-LCP-fed infants. No differences in the utilization of LCP from Aptamil-LCP and breast milk feeding were apparent. Plasma phospholipid fatty acid composition data reflected differences in dietary LCP intake. Thus, PL LCP levels were highest in the breastfed infants and lowest in the Aptamil-fed infants, with values for the Aptamil-LCP-fed group falling in between.
Demonstration of Allergen Components in the Storage Mite <i>Lepidoglyphus destructor</i> by an Immunoblotting Technique (1988)

The allergen composition of crude extracts of the storage mite Lepidoglyphus destructor were investigated by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The allergen components were detected by sera from allergic farmers with a positive radioallergosorbent test to L. destructor. The allergen-antibody complexes were visualized by rabbit anti-IgE and beta-galactosidase-labelled sheep antirabbit IgG in a chromogenic substrate. Six out of the forty-three sera also had IgE antibodies to the culture medium, which were neutralized by addition of medium antigens before the demonstration of mite allergen components. A total of 11 allergen components were identified. Two of them were found to be major allergen components, identified by more than 50% of the 43 sera used in the study. These 2 IgE-binding components had molecular weights of approximately 18,000 and 16,000 daltons, respectively.
Parametric Study of Zigzag Microstructure for Vibrational Energy Harvesting (2011)

A comprehensive parametric study is presented on the vibration and the energy harvesting performance of a low-frequency zigzag energy harvester. The zigzag microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) vibrational energy harvesters have low natural frequencies which match the low-frequency range of ambient vibrations. The harvesters can, therefore, be designed to resonate with ambient excitation. The power produced by energy harvesters at resonance is orders of magnitude larger than off resonance power. The paper aims at providing an easy-to-use, comprehensive tool for designing the harvesters for different applications. The two key characteristics of the vibrational energy harvesters are their resonance frequency and their power transfer function. We formulate both vibrations and power production of the zigzag MEMS harvesters in nondimensional equations. The paper advances the state of the art in MEMS energy harvesting research area by identifying the dimensionless parameters governing mechanical vibrations and energy generation. We also investigate how the resonant frequency and the maximum power vary with each of the corresponding dimensionless parameters. The graphs summarize the parametric studies and provide sufficient tools for design of zigzag harvesters. The natural frequencies are related to six dimensionless variables, and the power transfer functions depend on 12 dimensionless parameters. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX"> $\hfill$</tex></formula> [2010-0298]
Stereoselective Polymerization of DL-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides by Nickel d-2-Methylbutyrate-Tri-n-butylphosphine Catalyst System (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective Polymerization of DL-Amino Acid N-Carboxyanhydrides by Nickel d-2-Methylbutyrate-Tri-n-butylphosphine Catalyst SystemShinsuke Yamashita, Naokuni Yamawaki, and Hisaya TaniCite this: Macromolecules 1974, 7, 6, 724–727Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60042a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60042a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views94Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of primary fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome with ibuprofen and alprazolam. A double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study (1991)

A multidimensional evaluation of 78 patients with primary fibrositis/fibromyalgia syndrome (PFS) revealed no significant relationship between clinical measures of physical discomfort and psychological measures. This observation provided evidence against the notion that the pain of PFS has a psychological etiology. The same patients were randomized into 4 groups for treatment with ibuprofen and/or alprazolam in a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Clinical improvement in patient rating of disease severity and in the severity of tenderness upon palpation was most apparent in the subgroup of patients who were receiving both ibuprofen and alprazolam. An 8-week, open-label study in which 52 patients received both drugs further documented improvement in outcome measures. These data indicate that treatment with a combination of ibuprofen and alprazolam can be beneficial for some patients with PFS.
Compact demultiplexers and spectrometers for integrated photonics (2007)

Wavelength demultiplexing devices (WDD) disperse an input beam into a plurality of sub-beams, and are commonly used to separate optical channels at different wavelengths. Compact WDDs are of great interest for several integrated photonic applications including optical information processing, optical communications and networking, as well as integrated optical sensing such as ‘lab-on-a-chip’ biosensing systems. The compactness of these devices and their compatibility with integrated photonic and electronic platforms are among their main advantages when compared to other wavelength demultiplexing solutions. These advantages are the result of the wide range of controllable dispersive properties in a very compact structure enabled by the use of photonic crystals (PCs). Such dispersive properties are not available in conventional devices that usually rely on bulk or grating-based materials. For efficient WDD implementation, we use PCs. These structures, which consist of sub-wavelength periodic features, can be used to control the optical properties of materials: they have unique dispersive properties that are not present in naturally occurring optical materials. In particular, properly designed PCs can angularly separate optical beams of different wavelengths in widely different directions. By analogy with conventional prisms, this phenomenon is called the superprism effect and represents the primary physical effect used for the separation of wavelength channels of an optical signal as shown in Figure 1(a). Ideally, the compact spatial separation of different wavelengths would require a large angular difference between the directions of propagation of the different wavelengths. This would translate into a strong superprism effect for the selected PC. However, rapid variation of the angle withwavelength naturally Figure 1. Schematic representation of the three dispersive properties of photonic crystals used for wavelength demultiplexing: (a) the superprism effect, (b) negative diffraction, and (c) negative refraction.
Effect of FK 506 on Spontaneous Diabetes in BB Rats (1990)

From days 30-120 after birth, 59 BB rats were treated with water (n = 20) or FK 506 in intragastric doses of 1 mg.kg-1.day-1 (n = 19) or 2 mg.kg-1.day-1 (n = 20). Diabetes developed in 75, 15, and 0% of the 3 groups, respectively. Animals protected from diabetes by FK 506 had normal intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests, virtual absence histopathologically of autoimmune insulitis, and normal pancreatic insulin content. Forty-five to 75 days after stopping FK 506, approximately 75% of the rats that were diabetes free at 120 days remained so.
In-situ Trojan authentication for invalidating hardware-Trojan functions (2016)

Due to the fact that we do not know who will create hardware Trojans (HTs), and when and where they would be inserted, it is very difficult to correctly and completely detect all the real HTs in untrusted ICs, and thus it is desired to incorporate in-situ HT invalidating functions into untrusted ICs as a countermeasure against HTs. This paper proposes an in-situ Trojan authentication technique for gate-level netlists to avoid security leakage. In the proposed approach, an untrusted IC operates in authentication mode and normal mode. In the authentication mode, an embedded Trojan authentication circuit monitors the bit-flipping count of a suspicious Trojan net within the pre-defined constant clock cycles and identify whether it is a real Trojan or not. If the authentication condition is satisfied, the suspicious Trojan net is validated. Otherwise, it is invalidated and HT functions are masked. By doing this, even untrusted netlists with HTs can still be used in the normal mode without security leakage. By setting the appropriate authentication condition using training sets from Trust-HUB gate-level benchmarks, the proposed technique invalidates successfully only HTs in the training sets. Furthermore, by embedding the in-situ Trojan authentication circuit into a Trojan-inserted AES crypto netlist, it can run securely and correctly even if HTs exist where its area overhead is just 1.5% with no delay overhead.