gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Procedure for Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Gases and Nongaseous Solutes for Membranes (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProcedure for Determination of Diffusion Coefficients of Gases and Nongaseous Solutes for MembranesS. G. Johnsen and J. E. KirkCite this: Anal. Chem. 1955, 27, 5, 838–840Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60101a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60101a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecularly imprinted polymers: a new approach to the preparation of functional materials; pp. 3–11 (2009)

Molecular imprinting is a method for creating specific cavities in synthetic polymer matrices with memory for the template molecules. To date molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have obtained a strong position in materials science and technology, expanding significantly the list of functional materials. This article provides a short review of the molecular imprinting technique with special attention paid to electrosynthesized electrically conducting polymers (ECPs), polypyrrole and polyÂ­ethylenedioxythiophene, as matrix materials for molecular imprinting. We describe two different ECP-based MIP systems: enantioselective thin films of overoxidized polypyrrole imprinted with L-aspartic acid and surface imprinted polyethyleneÂ­dioxythiophene for selective protein adsorption.
Imaging with 131I-labeled monoclonal antibodies to a high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen in patients with melanoma: efficacy of whole immunoglobulin and its F(ab')2 fragments. (1985)

In vitro experiments selected optimal conditions to radiolabel with 131I the whole immunoglobulin and F(ab')2 fragments of the monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 225.28S to a high-molecular-weight melanoma-associated antigen (HMW-MAA). Injection of the radiolabeled whole immunoglobulin and F(ab')2 fragments of the MoAb 225.28S into eight patients with melanoma resulted in the accumulation of radioactivity in 10 of 18 metastases. This localization is specific because of the close relationship between detection of HMW-MAA in lesions by immunohistochemical techniques and outcome of immunoscintigraphy and because of the different distribution in tumors and adjacent tissues of radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments of MoAb 225.28S compared with 99mTc-pertechnetate and with radiolabeled F(ab')2 fragments of MoAb 4C4 to hepatitis B surface antigen. F(ab')2 fragments are superior to whole immunoglobulins to perform immunoscintigraphy, since they markedly reduce the background in bone marrow, liver, and spleen. The sensitivity of the procedure allows the detection of lesions with a diameter of at least 1.5 cm and is influenced by the level of the HMW-MAA in lesions and by their anatomical site.
Analysis for microsatellite instability and mutations of the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1 in familial gastric cancer (1996)

We examined 30 gastric-cancer patients with a varying degree of family history of stomach cancer and/or synchronous gastric tumors for microsatellite instability. We observed microsatellite instability at at least 1 of 8 loci tested in tumors of 14/30 patients; of these 14, 8 had single locus alterations and 6 had alterations at at least half of the 8 loci. Among the patients with microsatellite instability at >=4 loci, 3 patients showed a strong familial clustering of gastric cancer. Mutation analysis of the DNA mismatch repair gene hMLH1 on paired non-tumorous and tumor DNA from 10 patients 6 with microsatellite instability at 24 loci and 4 with an alteration at one locus, revealed a novel missense mutation, present in the normal and tumor DNA of one patient with microsatellite instability at multiple loci in his tumor. His family history of cancer included one second-degree relative affected with gastric cancer. These data suggest that germline mutations in the hMLH1 gene occur in some gastric-cancer patients and that in the majority of cases microsatellite instability in gastric tumors may be due to defects in other genes responsible for DNA replication fidelity than the hMLH1. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Principles of Capital Financing and Capital Charging in Health Care Systems (2004)

Most health care systems could improve their efficiency in using physical capital - buildings and equipment. Health care systems in which assets are provided by governments or donated by aid organizations generally have only weak incentives for those assets to be used efficiently. Wrongly located or inappropriate facilities, poorly utilized and maintained, are a result. This Discussion Paper summarizes the principles of effective, efficient, and equitable capital financing and capital charging in health care systems. It reviews the options for putting these principles into practice and refers to the limited literature on the impacts of those options. The objectives, principles, and practicalities of implementing capital charging arrangements are set out. The relative benefits and costs of points along the following dimensions are described and summarized: applying capital charges just to newly acquired assets or also to those already in existence; using notional or real capital charges; the time profile of charges; and the asset valuation basis adopted.
Adaptive Subdivision of Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surfaces (2005)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
An Experimental Evaluation of a New Commercial Viscometric Detector for Size-Exclusion Chromatography (SEC) Using Linear and Branched Polymers (1987)

Abstract Herein are reported some findings on the application of a new type of continuous automatic viscometer, in parallel with a differential refractometer, as a detector system for SEC. A universal calibration is required for the instrument and two methods of construction are applicable. The first is the customary peak-position calibration using polymer standards of narrow molecular-weight distribution and the second uses a single broad standard of known [Mbar]w and [Mbar]n. The two types of calibration are shown to give nearly-identical values of molecular weight when used to process chromatograms obtained from various linear homopolymer standards of varying chemical composition. These values compare favourably with those quoted by the suppliers of the polymer standards. One of the more powerful features of this instrumentation, namely its potential for estimating accurate molecular weights of branched polymers, is demonstrated by analysis of a series of branched polyvinylacetates prepared by a conventional bulk, free-radical polymerisation procedure. The calculation of the degree of chain branching is discussed. Another particular feature of the viscometer detector, its ability to indicate the presence of low concentrations of high-molecular-weight impurity in polymer samples, is also shown.
Superconductivity Achieved at Over Liquid Nitrogen Temperature by (Mixed Rare Earths)-Ba-Cu Oxides (1987)

Superconducting oxides were fabricated by reaction of powders of BaCO 3 , CuO and mixed rare earth (RE) carbonates at compositions expressed as (RE) 1 Ba 2 Cu 3 O 9- y . Two types of incompletely separated raw materials of mixed rare earths, namely, heavy rare earths (HRE) and medium rare earths (MRE) were examined. The zero-resistivity critical temperatures were observed at 92.5 K for the (HRE)-Ba-Cu-O and 85.0 K for the (MRE)-Ba-Cu-O systems, respectively, both of which being well above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen.
Joint multi-cell processing for downlink channels with limited-capacity backhaul (2008)

Multicell processing in the form of joint encoding for the downlink of a cellular system is studied under the realistic assumption that the base stations (BSs) are connected to a central unit via finite-capacity links (finite-capacity backhaul). Three scenarios are considered that present different trade-offs between global processing at the central unit and local processing at the base stations and different requirements in terms of codebook information (CI) at the BSs: 1) local encoding with CI limited to a subset of nearby BSs; 2) mixed local and central encoding with only local CI; 3) central encoding with oblivious cells (no CI). Three transmission stragegies are proposed that provide achievable rates for the considered scenarios. Performance is evaluated in asymptotic regimes of interest (high backhaul capacity and extreme signal-to-noise ratio, SNR) and further corroborated by numerical results. The major finding of this work is that central encoding with oblivious cells is a very attractive option for both ease of implementation and performance, unless the application of interest requires high data rate (i.e., high SNR) and the backhaul capacity is not allowed to increase with the SNR. In this latter cases, some form of CI at the BSs becomes necessary.
Low-Temperature-Induced DnaA Protein Synthesis Does Not Change Initiation Mass in <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1999)

Expression of the dnaA gene continues in the lag phase following a temperature downshift, indicating that DnaA is a cold shock protein. Steady-state DnaA protein concentration increases at low temperatures, being twofold higher at 14 degrees C than at 37 degrees C. DnaA protein was found to be stable at both low and high temperatures. Despite the higher DnaA concentration at low temperatures, the mass per origin, which is proportional to the initiation mass, was the same at all temperatures. Cell size and cellular DNA content decreased moderately below 30 degrees C due to a decrease in the time from termination to division relative to generation time at the lower temperatures. Analysis of dnaA gene expression and initiation of chromosome replication in temperature shifts suggests that a fraction of newly synthesized DnaA protein at low temperatures is irreversibly inactive for initiation and for autorepression or that all DnaA protein synthesized at low temperatures has an irreversible low-activity conformation.
Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation (1971)

John W. Livingston, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah: A Fourteenth Century Defense against Astrological Divination and Alchemical Transmutation, Journal of the American Oriental Society, Vol. 91, No. 1 (Jan. - Mar., 1971), pp. 96-103
A low power 25 MS/S 12-bit pipelined analog to digital converter for wireless applications (2003)

A 12 bit 25 MS/S pipelined analog-to-digital (A/D) converter was designed and simulated using 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The proposed new high speed class AB opamp makes it possible to achieve requirements of 12 bit resolution and settling in 20 ns within 0.05% accuracy. However, pipeline ADCs are tolerant to comparator's offset, but using dynamic comparators, power dissipation can be reduced. So a dynamic comparator is designed which is more power efficient. Total power dissipation is about 76 mW from a single 3 V supply, where INL and DNL are 0.8 LSB and 0.6 LSB respectively. A SNDR of 70.1 dB is achieved.
THE VERTICAL CHAIN OF RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY (1995)

This paper examines the relationship between basic and applied pharmaceutical research. We focus on three stages of research and development (R & D): government‐funded basic research; publication in medical journals; and industry‐finded applied R&D. We estimate that a one percent increase in basic research in a particular therapeutic category causes a 0.76 percent increase in industry R&D in that category, and a 1.71 percent increase in other categories, mer seven years. We also find that research incentives differ across government, academic and industry researchers. For example, government funding favors diseases that are less prevalent and more debilitating than industry funding.
Nanoscale Structural and Mechanical Characterization of a Natural Nanocomposite Material:  The Shell of Red Abalone (2004)

Nanoscale structural and mechanical characterization of the shell of a red abalone has been carried out. Cobble-like polygonal nanograins are basic building blocks that are used to construct individual aragonite platelets into a mother-of-pearl configuration known as nacre. The nanograin-structured aragonite platelets are not brittle in nature, but somewhat ductile. The deformability of the aragonite platelets together with the crack deflection, aragonite platelet slip, and organic adhesive interlayer contribute to the nacre's fracture toughness. Cracks formed in the outer prismatic layer of the shell do not show the crack diversion mechanism.
Simultaneous optical coherence tomography–Indocyanine Green dye fluorescence imaging system for investigations of the eye’s fundus (2005)

We have developed a dual-channel optical coherence tomography-Indocyanine Green dye (OCT-ICG) fluorescence system based on a previously reported ophthalmic OCT confocal imaging system. The confocal channel is tuned to the fluorescence wavelength range of the ICG, and light from the same optical source is used to generate the OCT image and to excite the ICG fluorescence. The system enables the clinician to visualize simultaneously en face OCT slices and corresponding ICG angiograms of the ocular fundus, displayed side by side. C-scan (constant depth) and B-scan (cross section) images are collected by a fast en face scan (T scan). The pixel-to-pixel correspondence between the OCT and angiography images allows the user to capture OCT B scans precisely at selected points on the ICG confocal images.
Characterization of the low-pressure chemical vapor deposition grown rugged polysilicon surface using atomic force microscopy (1997)

In this work, rugged polysilicon films are deposited in a state-of-the-art low-pressure chemical vapor deposition reactor to produce the plates of dynamic random access memory charge storage capacitors with higher capacitance per unit area. The films are deposited at temperatures in the vicinity of 575 °C. The 〈311〉 textured, in situ crystallized films have high surface roughness as compared to the usual rather smooth, 〈110〉 textured, as deposited polysilicon. Atomic force microscopy measurement of the roughness of these films posed a challenge since the rugged polysilicon films are made up of a very hard material with a large amplitude of high spatial frequency roughness. A solution was found which involves using probes on which a carbon film has been applied to the standard Si probes. Combining these probes with carefully selected measurement parameters and proper data reduction techniques has produced good results. Using this solution has allowed us to measure the roughness of the rugged polysilicon films as a function of the critically controlled growth temperature and pressure. Substantial differences were found with small changes in temperature, with less difference coming from pressure variations. 570 °C and 200 mTorr produced the best results for large batch processing.
The Therapeutic Potential of Class I Selective Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors in Ovarian Cancer (2014)

Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Despite advances in treatment, new approaches are needed. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a family of enzymes that regulate gene expression by removing acetyl groups from lysine residues on histones and non-histone proteins. Inhibition of HDACs with small molecules has led to the development of histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) that are in clinical use, primarily for hematologic malignancies. Although clinical trials with HDACi as single agents in solid tumors have been disappointing, data from independent labs and recent work by our group show that class I selective HDACi have potent anti-tumor effects in pre-clinical models of ovarian cancer. This review summarizes the role of HDACs in ovarian cancer and the potential niche for selective class I HDACi, particularly HDAC3 in ovarian cancer therapy.
Statistical parsing with a context-free grammar and word statistics (1997)

We describe a parsing system based upon a language model for English that is, in turn, based upon assigning probabilities to possible parses for a sentence. This model is used in a parsing system by finding the parse for the sentence with the highest probability. This system outperforms previous schemes. As this is the third in a series of parsers by different authors that are similar enough to invite detailed comparisons but different enough to give rise to different levels of performance, we also report on some experiments designed to identify what aspects of these systems best explain their relative performance. Introduction We present a statistical parser that induces its grammar and probabilities from a hand-parsed corpus (a tree-bank). Parsers induced from corpora are of interest both as simply exercises in machine learning and also because they are often the best parsers obtainable by any method. That is, if one desires a parser that produces trees in the tree-bank ...
The comparability of the statistical characteristics of test items generated by computer algorithms (1993)

This paper presents a study on the generation of mathematics test items using algorithmic methods. The history of this approach is briefly reviewed and is followed by a survey of the research to date on the statistical parallelism of algorithmically generated mathematics items. Results are presented for 8 parallel test forms generated using 16 algorithms covering a variety of mathematics content and cognitive categories. The majority of the algorithms yielded items that were very homogeneous in their statistical characteristics. Those algorithms that did not yield homogeneous items were analyzed to determine if causes for differences could be determined. A possible innovative application of the algorithms is the computer generation of new test forms with specific content and statistical specifications and without the need for a preexisting item bank. Includes two tables, three figures. (Contains 16 references.) (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** ACT Research Report Series 93-9 too The Comparability of the Statistical Characteristics of Test Items Generated by Computer Algorithms Rkhard Meisner Richard Luecht Mark Reckase U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educationai Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER IERIC) 11;lefr, dOCu men! Nis been reproduced as received from the person Or OrdantzettOrs ortgrnattng tt Minor changes nave been made to improve reproduction qualify Points of vie. Or OPiniOnS stated in (MS dOCu rnent do nO1 neCesSardy represent otticrel OERI position or pohcy -PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY P.fi.rig,tdeR/v7TO THE ED' 'CATIONAL RESOUHCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC).
Calibration Factors for Ge Detectors Used for Field Spectrometry (1988)

Calibration factors to convert a measured full-absorption peak count rate to activity in the soil and dose rate in air are given for Ge detectors that are used for field measurements of radionuclides. The appropriate factors for a given detector are derived using three primary parameters: the manufacturer's quoted efficiency at 1332 keV relative to a 7.6 cm (3 in.) long by 7.6 cm (3 in.) diameter NaI(Tl) detector, the detector's orientation in the field (up or down) and the Ge crystal length/diameter ratio. The accuracy of the results obtained by using this simplified calibration technique is estimated to be 10-15%.
Forces affecting the substrate in resonant tapping force microscopy (1995)

We propose a simple model to describe the interaction of a forced cantilever oscillation with a specimen in a tapping-mode scanning force microscope experiment in order to make a rough estimation of the forces affecting the surface with each touch down of the tip. Assuming weak damping of the cantilever (quality factor of the cantilever between 100 and 1000) and of the surface, we can estimate the forces to be in the range of those in the contact mode. These forces can vary by orders of magnitude, e.g. 10-6 to 10-11 N. To reduce the interaction force we suggest scanning on the low-frequency side of the resonance frequency of the non-contact cantilever oscillation. Increasing the difference of phase between the non-contact oscillation of the cantilever in air and the oscillation during contact introduces strong variations of the force. The improvement in resolution which can be achieved for soft samples by using the tapping-mode system results from the elimination of shear forces and the possibility of minimizing the force on the surface by varying the set-point of the scanning amplitude. Forces on the substrate will be enhanced by a large substrate stiffness.
Methylated, blocked 5 termini in HeLa cell mRNA. (1975)

Poly(A)-containing HeLa cell mRNA prepared from cells labeled with [methyl-(3)H]methionine or [(32)P]phosphate was found to contain a variety of methylated, blocked 5'-terminal structures of two general types: m(7)GpppN(7)-Np and m(7)GpppN(m)-N(m)-Np. In addition, about one-third of the [(3)H]methyl label was present in the N(6)-methyladenosine; this labeled nucleoside was not found in the 3'-terminal one-third of the mRNA chain and thus may also be in the 5' portion of the mRNA.
Effect of Fluconazole on the Pharmacokinetics of Doxorubicin in Nonhuman Primates (2000)

Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients who are undergoing chemotherapy is associated with prolonged neutropenia. We measured the effect of fluconazole on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics in nonhuman primates to determine if neutropenia is related to a pharmacokinetic interaction that delays the clearance of the chemotherapeutic agent. Fluconazole pretreatment had no effect on doxorubicin pharmacokinetics.
Guided simulated annealing method for optimization problems (2003)

Incorporating the concept of order parameter of the mean-field theory into the simulated annealing method, we present an optimization algorithm, the guided simulated annealing method. In this method mean-field order parameters are calculated to guide the configuration search for the global minimum. Allowing fluctuations and improvement of mean-field values iteratively, this method successfully identifies global minima for several difficult optimization problems. Application of this method to the HP lattice-protein model has found another lowest-energy state for an N=100 sequence that was not found by other methods before. Results for spin glass models are also presented which show improvement over the previous results.