gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Field MIMO-SAR Millimeter-Wave Imaging With Sparsely Sampled Aperture Data (2019)

The primary challenge of a cost-effective and low-complexity near-field millimeter-wave (mmWave) imaging system is to achieve high resolution with a few antenna elements as possible. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar using simultaneous operation of spatially diverse transmit and receive antennas is a good candidate to increase the number of available degrees of freedom. On the other hand, higher integration complexity of extremely dense transceiver electronics limits the use of MIMO only solutions within a relatively large imaging aperture. Hybrid concepts combining synthetic aperture radar (SAR) techniques and sparse MIMO arrays present a good compromise to achieve short data acquisition time and low complexity. However, compared with conventional monostatic sampling schemes, image reconstruction methods for MIMO-SAR are more complicated. In this paper, we propose a high-resolution mmWave imaging system combining 2-D MIMO arrays with SAR, along with a novel Fourier-based image reconstruction algorithm using sparsely sampled aperture data. The proposed algorithm is verified by both simulation and processing real data collected with our mmWave imager prototype utilizing commercially available 77-GHz MIMO radar sensors. The experimental results confirm that our complete solution presents a strong potential in high-resolution imaging with a significantly reduced number of antenna elements.
Spherical, particulate poly(ether ketone ketone) by a Friedel Crafts dispersion polymerisation (2016)

A range of particulate poly(ether ketone ketone)s (PEKKs) have been synthesised by a room temperature Friedel–Crafts dispersion polymerisation.
DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF <font>SnO</font><sub>2</sub> GAS SENSOR FOR LPG DETECTION (2004)

A new approach for rapid detection of hazardous gas like domestic liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) using a single SnO 2 gas sensor based on dynamic measurement was studied. The working principles of static and dynamic measurements were compared and experimental and analytical profiles of the dynamic measurement was also investigated. Experimental results showed that hazardous gas such as LPG had obvious properties by using dynamic measurement. The qualitative analysis was also studied by means of fast Fourier transform (FFT), and power spectrum showed that different properties appeared on different concentrations of LPG.
The unveiling of traumatic brain injury in an HIV/AIDS population (2000)

This study examines the frequency of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an HIV/AIDS population and its associated symptomatology. A panel of 173 individuals with HIV were split into two groups--those who have experienced a blow to the head within their lifetime (n = 128) and those who have not (n = 45). Self-reported symptoms from the TIRR Symptom Checklist were compared across both HIV panels, individuals who identified as traumatically brain injured (n = 416), and individuals with no disability (n = 282). Six clusters of symptoms (total, cognitive, physical, affective/behavioural, five symptoms sensitive and specific to TBI in general and 25 symptoms sensitive and specific to mild TBI) were analysed in a MANOVA, controlling for the demographic variables that were correlated with total symptoms, including panel membership, education, annual household income and substance use history. Significant main effects were found for panel membership. Individuals with HIV and a history of blow to the head reported a higher number of total symptoms and the 25 symptoms specific to mild TBI. The significance of these findings acknowledges the need to recognize the frequency of TBI in an HIV population and the subsequent need to provide the appropriate interventions that will lead to an enhanced overall quality of life.
The research progress of traditional Chinese medicine inducing bone mesenchymal stem cells (2015)

Through referring to relevant works and the latest literature, the application and research progress of the traditional Chinese medicine inducing mesenchymal stem cells were summarized. The researching results focusing on induction and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cell by salvia, notoginseng, tortoise plastron, pilose antler, ginseng, astragalus were introduced.

Key words: 
Bone mesenchymal stem cells; Salvia; Notoginseng; Tortoise plastron; Pilose antler; Ginseng; Astragalus
Contralaterally Elicited Electrical Stimulation of Paralyzed Facial Muscles (1978)

Functional electrical stimulation is being explored in the extremities. A major obstacle is found in programming the firing sequence. In 1976, David Zealear proposed using the activity on the normal side in axial muscle pairs that normally function symmetrically to act as a template to control the stimulator. This method was demonstrated in laryngeal muscles in dogs, and is now demonstrated in the face with future applications being proposed. The facial nerve on one side was sectioned in a series of rabbits. Implanted electrodes received electrical potentials from selected muscles on the normal side. Bursts of electrical activity on the normal side during a blink or a twitch were used to trigger a muscle stimulator, which was routed to matching muscles on the paralyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed side. This technique restored symmetric function to the hemiparalyzed face.
THz frequency conversionusing nondegenerate four-wave mixing processin a lasing long-cavity λ/4-shifted DFB laser (1995)

The authors demonstrate frequency conversion by nondegenerate four-wave mixing in a lasing long-cavity λ/4-shifted DFB laser using the lasing beam of the DFB laser as a pump beam. Because of the long cavity and high power of the DFB laser, a wide range frequency conversion of 3.7 THz is demonstrated without cavity resonance.
Late Luteal Phase Administration of RU486 for Three Successive Cycles Does Not Disrupt Bleeding Patterns or Ovulation* (1987)

RU486, a 19-nor steroid, binds with high affinity to the receptors for progesterone and glucocorticoids, blocking the actions of these hormones on their target tissues. We conducted studies to determine whether RU486 administered at the end of the luteal phase would disturb the menstrual rhythm, ovulation, or hormonal parameters in the treatment and post-treatment cycles. The first study was done in six surgically sterilized women during two consecutive cycles. RU486 [17 beta-hydroxy-11 beta-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)17 alpha-(1-propynyl)estra-4,9-dien-3-one; 100 mg/day] was given for 4 consecutive days, commencing on days 23-27 of the first cycle. Menstrual bleeding occurred by the second day of RU486 administration in all women and was indistinguishable from their usual bleeding pattern. The onset of this bleeding was advanced by RU486 administration, since it entailed shortening of the luteal phase with prolongation of the following follicular phase. Serum LH, FSH, estradiol, and progesterone levels were normal in five of the six women in both the treatment and posttreatment cycles. The second study was conducted in 10 women who were not exposed to the risk of pregnancy. RU486 (100 mg/day) was given for 4 consecutive days, commencing 4 days before their expected menses for 3 successive cycles, preceded and followed by 2 placebo-treated cycles. Bleeding patterns were indistinguishable during the RU486 and placebo cycles. Late luteal phase administration of RU486 consistently produced menstrual bleeding within 1-3 days of drug administration. Daily early morning urinary LH excretion in 6 women and estrone glucuronide and pregnanediol glucuronide excretion in 5 women during both placebo and RU486 cycles were consistent with luteinization, suggesting ovulation and appropriate corpus luteum function. We conclude that RU486 has no major effect on menstrual cycle events if given at the time of the natural progesterone withdrawal that occurs before menses in nonpregnant women.
A New Reagent (ZZAP) Having Multiple Applications in Immunohematology (1982)

A reagent (ZZAP) containing a mixture of 0.1 M dithiothreitol (DTT) plus 0.1% cysteine-activated papain was found to dissociate IgG immunoglobulin from red blood cells (RBC) of patients having a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) although this could not be achieved with either chemical alone. In all 67 patients tested, ZZAP treatment of IgG sensitized RBC reduced the strength of the DAT, and in all 52 instances tested, this allowed for accurate Rh phenotyping using slide/rapid tube typing reagents. This included five examples in which spontaneous agglutination that occurred in saline or 6% albumin was eliminated by ZZAP. Thus, all red blood cell typing for Rh-Hr antigens was accomplished using slide/rapid tube reagents making unnecessary the use of saline reactive or chemically modified antisera. Kidd antigen typing is also possible after ZZAP treatment of IgG sensitized RBC. In regard to warm autoabsorption tests, ZZAP treatment of 14 RC samples having a positive DAT proved preferable to heat elution technics since equal or greater amounts of IgG were removed by ZZAP and little or no hemolysis resulted. ZZAP has no effect on ABH, Rh or Kidd antigens but denatures Duffy, MNSs and all Kell antigens tested (K:1-K:7, K:11-K:14, K:18, K:19). This should prove valuable in certain investigations of multiple alloantibodies and, moreover, may allow for better characterization of Kell antigens.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS BETWEEN 2‐FURANALDEHYDE AND GRIGNARD REAGENTS. II. 1,4‐ AND ′ABNORMAL′ ADDITIONS OF BENZYLMAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (1978)

Abstract Bei der Titel‐Reaktion entstehen aus (I) primär die Alkohole (II) (1,2‐Addition), (III) (1,4‐Addition) und (IV) ("abnorme" Addition).
Activation pathways of synovial T lymphocytes. Expression and function of the UM4D4/CDw60 antigen. (1990)

Accumulating evidence implicates a central role for synovial T cells in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis, but the activation pathways that drive proliferation and effector function of these cells are not known. We have recently generated a novel monoclonal antibody against a rheumatoid synovial T cell line that recognizes an antigen termed UM4D4 (CDw60). This antigen is expressed on a minority of peripheral blood T cells, and represents the surface component of a distinct pathway of human T cell activation. The current studies were performed to examine the expression and function of UM4D4 on T cells obtained from synovial fluid and synovial membranes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other forms of inflammatory joint disease. The UM4D4 antigen is expressed at high surface density on about three-fourths of synovial fluid T cells and on a small subset of synovial fluid natural killer cells; in synovial tissue it is present on more than 90% of T cells in lymphoid aggregates, and on approximately 50% of T cells in stromal infiltrates In addition, UM4D4 is expressed in synovial tissue on a previously undescribed population of HLA-DR/DP-negative non-T cells with a dendritic morphology. Anti-UM4D4 was co-mitogenic for both RA and non-RA synovial fluid mononuclear cells, and induced IL-2 receptor expression. The UM4D4/CDw60 antigen may represent a functional activation pathway for synovial compartment T cells, which could play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis.
Initiation and termination of the bacteriophage øX174 rolling circle DNA replication<i>in vivo</i>: packaging of plasmid single–stranded DNA into bacteriophage øX174 coats (1982)

The bacteriophage phi X174 viral (+) origin when inserted in a plasmid can interact in vivo with the A protein produced by infecting phi X174 phages. A consequence of this interaction is packaging of single-stranded plasmid DNA into preformed phage coats resulting in infective particles (1). This property was used to study morphogenesis and to analyse the signals for initiation and termination of the rolling circle DNA replication in vivo. It is shown that the size of the DNA had a strong effect on the encapsidation by the phage coats and the infectivity of the particle. Termination was analysed by using plasmids with two phi X (+) origins either in the same orientation or in opposite orientation. Both origins were used with equal frequency. Initiation at one origin resulted in very efficient termination (greater than 96%) at the second origin in the case of two origins in the same orientation. When the two (+) origins have opposite orientations, no correct termination was observed. The second origin in the opposite strand effectively inhibits (greater than 98%) the normal DNA synthesis; i.e. the covalently bound A protein present in the replication fork interacts with the (+) origin sequence in the opposite strand.
The Current Status of Bolus Calculator Decision-Support Software (2012)

The purpose of self-monitoring of blood glucose is to take action based on the results of the tests. The three actions that must be taken by insulin-using diabetes patients in response to blood glucose self-testing are, first, to record the blood glucose level, second, to calculate an appropriate dose of insulin, and, third, to administer the dose of insulin. A low-technology solution exists for each of these three actions. In addition, a commonly used high-technology solution exists for the first and third of these three actions (recording the blood glucose level and administering the insulin dose), but no high-technology product is currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for calculating an insulin dose (Figure 1). The currently unavailable high-technology approach to glucose-directed insulin dosing is approved software for calculating a bolus dose of insulin.



Figure 1

Technology to apply to blood glucose data for administering an appropriate dose of insulin.



In the first article to report a premeal bolus calculator was a system that was intended for use by insulin pump users.1 The bolus formula in that article incorporated five elements: (1) the carbohydrate/insulin ratio (carbo-hydrate bolus dose); (2) the insulin/carbohydrate ratio (correction bolus dose); (3) the target postprandial blood glucose; (4) the current blood glucose level; and (5) the carbohydrate content of the planned meal. The first four of these elements were known in advance and could be preprogrammed. Only the meal content would need to be entered at the time of the meal. Four factors that could affect the dose calculation, but were not accounted for, were as follows: (1) any correction bolus insulin onboard from a recently administered correction bolus insulin dose; (2) any carbohydrate bolus insulin onboard from a recently administered correction bolus insulin dose; (3) exercise either recently since the last dose of insulin or planned soon; or (4) any food onboard since the last dose of insulin. Accounting for these four factors could make for a more accurate bolus calculator to match a lifestyle, food, or physical activity choice with a correct dose.
High mobility Ge-on-insulator p-channel MOSFETs using Pt germanide Schottky source/drain (2005)

We demonstrate, for the first time, successful operation of Schottky-barrier source/drain (S/D) germanium-on-insulator (GOI) MOSFETs, where a buried oxide and a silicon substrate are used as a gate dielectric and a bottom gate electrode, respectively. Excellent performance of p-type MOSFETs using Pt germanide S/D is presented in the accumulation mode. The hole mobility enhancement of 50%/spl sim/40% against the universal hole mobility of Si MOSFETs is obtained for the accumulated GOI channel with the SiO/sub 2/-Ge interface.
Experiential Learning in Teacher Education: Increasing Awareness of Diversity Through the Immersion Experience (2018)

Sixty-four years after the landmark Brown vs. Board of Education decision, schools, neighborhoods, and communities in the United States remain largely segregated by race and class. As a result, many incoming students arrive on college and university campuses with limited exposure to people from a wide array of backgrounds and identities. In this article, we examine how students enrolled in an undergraduate teacher education course, Multiculturalism and Education, learned from and reflected on an experiential learning assignment. The assignment, called “Immersion Experience,” required them to have a brief experience in a cultural context that is different from their own. Through the assignment, students reflected on their own identities, values, and upbringing; learned about their stereotypes and beliefs about discrimination; and began to appreciate experience as a way of deepening their understanding of diversity. In an era in which undergraduates spend more of their time online, self-segregated and fractured by political beliefs and social identities and experiences, assignments such as the “Immersion Experience” help to create the physical, human encounters with difference that are vital for community and democracy.
Radiosensitization of two murine tumours with mild temperature hyperthermia and carbogen breathing (1999)

MTH treatment alone and combined with carbogen breathing substantially increased the tumour radiation response probably through an increase in the tumour oxygenation status.
The futility of raffinate reflux revisited (1999)

Abstract The role of reflux in equilibrium separation processes has been examined from a mechanistic viewpoint. The raffinate reflux — presaturation of solvent with raffinate in a separate unit (presaturator) — has been demonstrated to be futile in the past, considering the stages to be ideal. We have examined the utility of raffinate‐like reflux in all the equilibrium separation processes. The nature of mass transfer in these processes with and without presaturator and its implications in the design and analysis have been presented.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic Acid Derived, Redox-Sensitive Contrast Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2010)

The design and synthesis of three 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7-triacetic acid (DO3A) derivatives bearing linkers with terminal thiol groups and a preliminary evaluation of their potential for use in assembling redox-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents are reported. The linkers were selected on the basis of computational docking with a crystal structure of human serum albumin (HSA). Gd(III)-DO3A and Eu(III)-DO3A complexes were synthesized, and the structure of one complex was established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The binding to HSA of a Gd(III)-DO3A complex bearing a thiol-terminated 3,6-dioxanonyl chain was competitively inhibited by homocysteine and by the corresponding Eu chelate. Binding to HSA was abolished when the terminal thiol group of this complex was absent. The longitudinal water-proton relaxivities (r(1)) of the three Gd(III)-DO3A complexes and of two Gd(III)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) complexes were measured in saline at 7 T. The DO3A complexes exhibited smaller r(1) values, in both bound and free states, than the DOTA complexes.
Cyclization of three N- -haloalkyl-N-methylaminoaceto-2,6-xylidide derivatives in relation to their local anesthetic effect in vitro and in vivo. (1972)

The sciatic nerves of guinea pig in vito and frog in vitro were used as model systems for studies on the cyclization of N-4'-chlorobutyl (RAD 140) , N-5'-chloropentyl (RAD 150) and N-5'-bromopentyl (RAD 154) derivatives of N-methylaminoaceto-2,6-xylidide to the corresponding quaternary ammonium compounds. The relationship between the local anesthetic effect and the formation of the quaternary derivatives was examined. The half-life period (T1/2) for the cyclization at pH 7.4 was about 20 seconds for RAD 140, one minute for RAD 154 and 40 minutes for RAD 150. The level of the quaternary derivatives formed in the nerves was highest for RAD 154 and somewhat less for RAD 140 and RAD 150. In contrast to the tertiary amines the quaternary derivatives disappeared very slowly from the nerves in vivo as well as in vitro . The disappearance was biphasic; initially a small amount disappeared rapidly followed by a second phase with a very slow rate. The T1/2, of the latter phase in vivo was about four days for the piperidinium compound (RAD 179) formed from RAD 150 and RAD 154. In vitro the T1/2 values were 23 hours for RAD 179 when formed from RAD 150 and RAD 154 and 36 hours for the pyrrolidinium compound formed from RAD 140. The main part of RAD 179 which was taken up in the nerves by incubation with this compound disappeared from the nerves much more rapidly than when RAD 179 was formed from RAD 150 or RAD 154 in the nerves. The sustained local anesthetic effect on the sciatic nerve in guinea pigs in vivo produced by RAD 150 and RAD 154 was well correlated to the level of RAD 179 in the nerves, whereas the haloalkylamines disappeared long before the anesthesia wore off. This relationship was not so well established in the in vitro experiments, but the results obtained indicate that the cycized products contributed to the long duration of the conduction block.
High-Temperature Vibration Damper (1987)

Device for damping vibrations functions at temperatures up to 400 degrees F. Dampens vibrational torque loads as high as 1,000 lb-in. but compact enough to be part of helicopter rotor hub. Rotary damper absorbs energy from vibrating rod, dissipating it in turbulent motion of viscous hydraulic fluid forced by moving vanes through small orifices.
Amperometric Immunosensor for the Detection of Anti-West Nile Virus IgG (2007)

An amperometric immunosensor for the detection of West Nile virus (WNV) IgG was developed. This device was based on the immobilization of T7 phages, which were modified by an additional peptide sequence taken from the virus and used as antigen. The electropolymerization of a phage-amphiphilic pyrrole ammonium mixture previously adsorbed on the electrode surface provided an efficient entrapment of phages in a polypyrrole film. After incubation with a secondary peroxidase-labeled antibody, the immunosensors were applied to the quantitative amperometric determination of WNV-antibody at 0 V vs Ag/AgCl via the reduction of the enzymically generated quinone in the presence of hydroquinone and H2O2. The optimum immunosensor configuration detected low WNV-antibody dilutions down to a titer of 1:10(7) with an excellent regeneration of the immunosensor response by glycine treatment.
T<scp>URBULENT</scp> F<scp>LOWS OVER</scp> R<scp>OUGH</scp> W<scp>ALLS</scp> (2003)

▪ Abstract We review the experimental evidence on turbulent flows over rough walls. Two parameters are important: the roughness Reynolds number [Formula: see text], which measures the effect of the roughness on the buffer layer, and the ratio of the boundary layer thickness to the roughness height, which determines whether a logarithmic layer survives. The behavior of transitionally rough surfaces with low [Formula: see text] depends a lot on their geometry. Riblets and other drag-reducing cases belong to this regime. In flows with δ/k ≲ 50, the effect of the roughness extends across the boundary layer, and is also variable. There is little left of the original wall-flow dynamics in these flows, which can perhaps be better described as flows over obstacles. We also review the evidence for the phenomenon of d-roughness. The theoretical arguments are sound, but the experimental evidence is inconclusive. Finally, we discuss some ideas on how rough walls can be modeled without the detailed computation of the flow around the roughness elements themselves.