gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose-Finding Study of Cilazapril (Inhibace®) in Patients with Uncomplicated Essential Hypertension (1991)

Cilazapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor with a long half-life, effectively reduced sitting diastolic blood pressure in patients with uncomplicated essential hypertension at dosages of 2.5, 5.0, and 10.0 mg/day, evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. After a four-week placebo run-in period, 235 patients received either cilazapril or placebo for four weeks. At the end of the treatment period, significant decreases from baseline in sitting diastolic blood pressure were seen in all four groups (mean decreases of 3.3 mm Hg with placebo and 6.4, 9.2 and 8.3 mm Hg with 2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 mg cilazapril, respectively). The cilazapril groups had significantly greater blood pressure reductions than did the placebo group (p less than or equal to 0.02). The 5.0 mg cilazapril dose was significantly more effective than the 2.5 mg dose (p less than 0.03). The response rate was notably greater in the cilazapril treatment groups than in the placebo group (placebo, 27.5%; 2.5 mg cilazapril, 42.9%; 5.0 mg cilazapril 62.5%; 10.0 mg cilazapril, 50.0%). Cilazapril was well tolerated at all three dosages.
The Effect of Sintering Conditions on the Formation of the High-T<sub>c</sub> Phase in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System (1989)

The effect of heat schedule on the formation of high- T c phase has been studied. The two-step pattern held at 880°C for 20 min and at 870°C for a long time was chosen as the optimum heat schedule. After 200 hours of treatment at 870°C, zero resistivity was attained at 104 K and the value of AC susceptibility at 4.2 K was as high as 86% of the complete diamagnetism. Preheating at the temperature range of partial melting enhanced the formation of the high- T c phase due to the densification, texture formation and the nucleus formation of the high- T c phase.
Absolute Orbit and Gravity Determination Using Relative Position Measurements Between Two Satellites (2007)

A method has been developed to use a time series of relative position measurements to estimate the orbits of two satellites along with corrections to the gravity model of the celestial body about which they orbit. This system provides autonomy or near autonomy and could be used for gravity recovery at the Moon or a planet. This system eliminates the need for a third spacecraft that maintains a constant link with Earth-based tracking stations when the two probe spacecraft pass to the far side of the body whose gravity model is being estimated. The system uses a radio cross link to measure the relative range between the two satellites. It uses an optical imaging device on one of the satellites, such as a star camera, and a light beacon on the other satellite in order to measure the relative bearing between the satellites referenced to inertial coordinates. The two satellites’ orbits and corrections to the gravity field model are shown to be absolutely observable in cases where the two orbital altitude time histories are not identical. An extended Kalman filter for this system is developed, and it is tested using data from a truth-model simulation. The resulting system can achieve absolute RMS position accuracies of 3.5 m, absolute RMS velocity accuracies of 0.003 m/s, and RMS gravity accuracies of 3x10 -7 m/s 2 when operating on a month’s worth of data from a pair of Lunar orbiting spacecraft.
Lung Function 5 yr after Lung Volume Reduction Surgery for Emphysema (2001)

Current datum more than 2 yr after lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for emphysema is limited. This prospective study evaluates pre-LVRS baseline and 5-yr results in 26 symptomatic patients (mean age 67 +/- 6 yr) (mean +/- SD) who underwent bilateral, targeted upper lobe stapled LVRS using video-assisted thoracoscopy. Baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV(1)) was 0.7 +/- 0.2 L (mean +/- SD), 29 +/- 10% predicted. Following LVRS, with none lost to follow-up, mortality due to respiratory failure at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yr was 4%, 4%, 19%, 31%, 46%, and 58%, respectively. Increase above baseline for FEV(1) > 200 ml and/or FVC > 400 ml at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 yr post-LVRS was noted in 73%, 46%, 35%, 27%, and 8% of all patients; decrease in dyspnea grade >/= 1 in 88%, 69%, 46%, 27%, and 15%; and elimination of initial oxygen dependence in 18 patients in 78%, 50%, 33%, 22%, and 0%, respectively. Expiratory airflow improved due to the increase in both lung elastic recoil and small airway intraluminal caliber. Five patients decreased FEV(1) 141 +/- 60 ml/yr and FVC 102 +/- 189 ml/yr over 3.8 +/- 1.2 yr post-LVRS, similar to their pre-LVRS rate of decline. In the 11 patients who survived 5 yr, at 0.5-1.0 yr post-LVRS peak increase in FEV(1) was 438 +/- 366 ml, with a decline of 149 +/- 157 ml the following year and 78 +/- 59 ml/yr over 4.0-4.5 yr. Bilateral LVRS provided palliative clinical and physiological improvement in 9 of 26 patients at 3 yr, 7 at 4 yr, and 2 at 5 yr.
Regulation of cyclic oligoadenylate synthesis by the <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Cas10-Csm complex (2019)

CRISPR-Cas systems are a class of adaptive immune systems in prokaryotes that use small CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) in conjunction with CRISPR-associated (Cas) nucleases to recognize and degrade foreign nucleic acids. Recent studies have revealed that Type III CRISPR-Cas systems synthesize second messenger molecules previously unknown to exist in prokaryotes, cyclic oligoadenylates (cOA). These molecules activate the Csm6 nuclease to promote RNA degradation and may also coordinate additional cellular responses to foreign nucleic acids. Although cOA production has been reconstituted and characterized for a few bacterial and archaeal Type III systems, cOA generation and its regulation have not been explored for the <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> Type III-A CRISPR-Cas system, a longstanding model for CRISPR-Cas function. Here, we demonstrate that this system performs Mg<sup>2+</sup>-dependent synthesis of 3-6 nt cOA. We show that activation of cOA synthesis is perturbed by single nucleotide mismatches between the crRNA and target RNA at discrete positions, and that synthesis is antagonized by Csm3-mediated target RNA cleavage. Altogether, our results establish the requirements for cOA production in a model Type III CRISPR-Cas system and suggest a natural mechanism to dampen immunity once the foreign RNA is destroyed.
Nature of α and β Particles in Glycogen Using Molecular Size Distributions (2010)

Glycogen is a randomly hyperbranched glucose polymer. Complex branched polymers have two structural levels: individual branches and the way these branches are linked. Liver glycogen has a third level: supramolecular clusters of beta particles which form larger clusters of alpha particles. Size distributions of native glycogen were characterized using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) to find the number and weight distributions and the size dependences of the number- and weight-average masses. These were fitted to two distinct randomly joined reference structures, constructed by random attachment of individual branches and as random aggregates of beta particles. The z-average size of the alpha particles in dimethylsulfoxide does not change significantly with high concentrations of LiBr, a solvent system that would disrupt hydrogen bonding. These data reveal that the beta particles are covalently bonded to form alpha particles through a hitherto unsuspected enzyme process, operative in the liver on particles above a certain size range.
The quantitative determination of some noble metals by atomic-absorption spectroscopy (1959)

R. Lockyer and G. E. Hames, Analyst, 1959, 84, 385 DOI: 10.1039/AN9598400385
Characterization of a sampling voltage tracker for measuring fast, repetitive signals (1987)

An equivalent-time sampling and digitizing system is described, together with test methods for characterizing its dynamic performance. Time-base errors, linearity errors, step response parameters, harmonic distortion, and frequency response are considered, and typical measurement results are included. The system is capable of state of the art measurements for signal frequencies up to 200 MHz.
Associating audio-visual activity cues in a dominance estimation framework (2008)

We address the problem of both estimating the dominant person in a meeting from a single audio source and identifying them visually in a multi-camera setting. We use a speaker diarization algorithm to perform speaker segmentation and clustering, representing when they spoke. Using a greedy ordered audio-visual association algorithm, we investigate using the speaker clusters to find the corresponding person in one of the video channels. The difficulty of the problem is that firstly the speaker diarization output is noisy (e.g. for participants who speak little) and often produces an unequal number of clusters to true participants. Secondly, personal visual activity from natural upper torso motion, which can include highly deformable pose changes and perspective distortion, is computed through computationally efficient coarse features. Our results using almost 2 hours of audio-visual data from 4-participant meetings show a strong correlation between the estimated speaker diarization and visual activity features, enabling the identification of the most dominant person as a pair of audiovisual channels.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative Transformation of Aryl Propargylic Azides to Aryl Propiolonitriles (2013)

Abstract A concise copper(I)‐catalyzed oxidative transformation of aryl propargyl azides to aryl propiolonitriles has been developed. Aryl propiolonitrile derivatives can be obtained in moderate to good yields by this strategy. An oxidative Schmidt rearrangement is involved in this transformation.
Automated Real-Time Intelligent Traffic Control System for Smart Cities Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2020)

Over the years, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically, which has led to serious problems such as traffic jams, accidents, and many other problems, as cities turn into smart cities. In recent years, traffic jams have become one of the main challenges for engineers and designers to create an intelligent traffic management system capable of effectively detecting and reducing the overall density of traffic in most urban areas visited by motorists such as offices, downtown, and establishments based on several modern technologies, including wireless sensor networks (WSNs), surveillance camera, and IoT. In this article, we propose an intelligent traffic control system based on the design of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in order to collect data on road traffic and also on available parking spaces in a smart city. In addition, the proposed system has innovative services that allow drivers to view the traffic rate and the number of available parking spaces to their destination remotely using an Android mobile application to avoid traffic jams and to take another alternative route to avoid getting stuck and also to make it easier for drivers when looking for a free parking space to avoid unnecessary trips. Our system integrates three smart subsystems connected to each other (crossroad management, parking space management, and a mobile application) in order to connect citizens to a smart city.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols on Clean Copper Surfaces (2001)

Alkanethiols (CH3(CH2)n-1SH) based self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on the clean copper surfaces have been examined for n = 4, 8, and 16. Using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle analysis, it is found that alkanethiolate monolayers similar to those on gold are formed on clean copper surfaces. The monolayers are stable in air up to about 140 Above 160 the monolayers begin to desorb through the oxidation reaction of the thiolate to sulfonate, with the alkyl chains remaining intact. Following this desorption step, the copper surface has begun to oxidize to CuO at about 180 .
SEP: A Stable Election Protocol for clustered heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (2004)

Abstract — We study the impact of heterogeneity of nodes, in terms of their energy, in wireless sensor networks that are hierarchically clustered. In these networks some of the nodes become cluster heads, aggregate the data of their cluster members and transmit it to the sink. We assume that a percentage of the population of sensor nodes is equipped with additional energy resources—this is a source of heterogeneity which may result from the initial setting or as the operation of the network evolves. We also assume that the sensors are randomly (uniformly) distributed and are not mobile, the coordinates of the sink and the dimensions of the sensor field are known. We show that the behavior of such sensor networks becomes very unstable once the first node dies, especially in the presence of node heterogeneity. Classical clustering protocols assume that all the nodes are equipped with the same amount of energy and as a result, they can not take full advantage of the presence of node heterogeneity. We propose SEP, a heterogeneous-aware protocol to prolong the time interval before the death of the first node (we refer to as stability period), which is crucial for many applications where the feedback from the sensor network must be reliable. SEP is based on weighted election probabilities of each node to become cluster head according to the remaining energy in each node. We show by simulation that SEP always prolongs the stability period compared to (and that the average throughput is greater than) the one obtained using current clustering protocols. We conclude by studying the sensitivity of our SEP protocol to heterogeneity parameters capturing energy imbalance in the network. We found that SEP yields longer stability region for higher values of extra energy brought by more powerful nodes.
Radiolabeling revisited: metabolic labeling with <sup>35</sup> S‐methionine inhibits cell cycle progression, proliferation, and survival (2000)

Metabolic labeling of cells with low-energy beta-emitting radioisotopes such as [(35)S]methionine is often used to follow the biosynthesis, maturation, and degradation of proteins in vivo. Such techniques have generally been assumed to be relatively nonperturbing to the cell. The results presented here indicate that metabolic labeling of cells with [(35)S]methionine under standard experimental conditions can inhibit cell progression into mitosis, cause cell cycle arrest, inhibit cell proliferation in both short-term and colony-forming assays, alter cell morphology, and induce apoptosis over the course of several days. These results thus suggest the need for caution in interpretation of studies using such methods, especially if the experiments rely on the normal progression of the cell cycle or are intended to monitor events occurring in a normally proliferating cell.
Particle size study of nine metered dose inhalers, and their deposition probabilities in the airways (1988)

This study deals with the particle size measurement of nine aerosol metered dose inhalers. Calibration was made possible by the use of a laser particle velocimeter (aerodynamic Particle Sizer from TSI). The count median aerodynamic diameters (CMAD) show little variation, from 0.63 to 0.73 micron, with standard deviations (sigma g) between 1.2 and 1.8. Aerodynamic diameter aerosol diagram analysis showed multimodal mass distribution for all the tested dose inhalers. Calculations for the airway deposition probabilities (extrathoracic, tracheobronchial and alveolar) refer to the studies made by W. Stahlhofen and co-workers. As most aerosol metered dose inhalers have a predominantly bronchial therapeutic destination, the deposition at the bronchial level could be enhanced with the following parameters: inspired volume of 1500 ml, inspiratory time of 2 sec, aerosol mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 7.5 microns, with a monodispersed distribution. The respective influences of the excipients and propellents used for the aerosolization of these dose metered inhalers are also discussed.
Efficient red- and orange-light-emitting diodes realized by excitation energy transfer from blue-light-emitting conjugated polymers (1997)

The emission color of polymer-light-emitting diodes (PLED's) can be tuned by doping the active polymer layer with certain dyes or other fluorescent polymers. We demonstrate the realization of red-orange PLED's by doping a blue-light-emitting ladder-type poly(paraphenylene) ($m$-LPPP) with a new red-light-emitting polymer poly(perylene-co-diethynylbenzene) (PPDB). For PPDB concentrations far below 1 wt % the photo- (PL) and the electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of the $m$-LPPP/PPDB blend is already dominated by the PPDB emission because of an excitation energy transfer from $m$-LPPP to PPDB. The reason for this efficient energy transfer can be explained by the energetic position of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied states in PPDB relative to the corresponding levels in $m$-LPPP. Besides the change in the emission color by doping PPDB into $m$-LPPP, a significant increase in the PL quantum efficiency (up to 41%) and even a more pronounced improvement of the external EL quantum efficiency of these PLED's (up to 1.6%) is observed.
A multiprocessor controlled roll slitting and winding machine (1989)

Demands for increased production rates and for the use of materials with extreme properties lead to a need for further investigation and more detailed modelling of the winding process. Replacement of analogue controllers by digital equipment involves significant changes in the start-up procedures and offers the possibility of rapid adaptation to different materials. Furthermore, the finally selected parameters are numerically known and can be reproduced at other machines. Instead of working with one central process computer a master-slave system with one processor for each drive appears as a more flexible and faster control strategy. In this paper the equation of the winding process of thin material is derived, and the application is considered for two typical cases: rewinding based on a model without control loops, and unwinding with an adaptive speed control and a storage loop for winding force control. In the first case a given winding force characteristic as a function of the radius of the coil and the tape velocity is realized. Logically such characteristics depend on the material and most producers develop their own philosophy in this field. An implementation is briefly discussed. >
Suppression tuning of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions: Results from cochlear mechanics simulation (2013)

This paper presents the results of simulating the acoustic suppression of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) from a computer model of cochlear mechanics. A tone suppressor was introduced, causing the DPOAE level to decrease, and the decrement was plotted against an increasing suppressor level. Suppression threshold was estimated from the resulting suppression growth functions (SGFs), and suppression tuning curves (STCs) were obtained by plotting the suppression threshold as a function of suppressor frequency. Results show that the slope of SGFs is generally higher for low-frequency suppressors than high-frequency suppressors, resembling those obtained from normal hearing human ears. By comparing responses of normal (100%) vs reduced (50%) outer-hair-cell sensitivities, the model predicts that the tip-to-tail difference of the STCs correlates well with that of intra-cochlear iso-displacement tuning curves. The correlation is poorer, however, between the sharpness of the STCs and that of the intra-cochlear tuning curves. These results agree qualitatively with what was recently reported from normal-hearing and hearing-impaired human subjects, and examination of intra-cochlear model responses can provide the needed insight regarding the interpretation of DPOAE STCs obtained in individual ears.
System Identification and its Application to Estimating Soil Properties (1995)

This paper examines the meaning of principal methods of system identification (SI). System identification is seen as a unique procedure to estimate in situ soil properties, especially soil subject to large strain. When applicable, parametric modeling of system processes is found to be superior to traditional Fourier methods. Several different methods have been presented to directly assess nonstationary data. These methods cover a wide range, from transforming the data into a stationary signal to full-fledged nonlinear, nonstationary analysis. The method used will depend on the nature of the data available and the nature of the requisite information. Segmentation of the data into stationary pieces gives sound results and is widely used. However, if the process of interest has time-varying parameters, a recursive technique should be used.
EL VIAJE A EGIPTO. PRIMEROS VIAJEROS ESPAÑOLES Y PRIMERAS MIRADAS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN ESPAÑOLA HACIA LAS TIERRAS DEL NILO (2004)

Las escasas tierras de Nubia que al sur de Asuán emergen a orillas del lago Nasser evocan para mí, de manera muy especial, el grato recuerdo de Charo Lucas. Aquel pequeño espacio de Nubia conservado al sur de Egipto, el valle del Nilo en Egipto y Sudán, su enorme río y el viaje hasta aquellas tierras lejanas fueron muy significativos en un momento importante de la vida de la Profesora Lucas (Lucas Pellicer, 2002: 189-204). Para recordarla en este homenaje quiero aportar datos e ideas referidos a algunos de los viajeros que desde la antigüedad tardía y hasta finales del siglo XIX visitaron Egipto, recordando entre ellos a los que partieron hacia las tierras del Nilo desde nuestro país. Entendemos el “viaje a Egipto” como un hecho cultural en sí mismo, relacionado muchas veces con el inicio de la Egiptología y su consolidación como disciplina científica.Palabras clave: Historiografía. Arqueología Egipcia. Egipto. Sudán. Antigüedades egipcias. Colecciones de arte faraónico. Libros de viajes.AbstractIn recent years travel literature has witnesses a new interest and vigour by a wider range of scholars than ever before. Travel texts and documents have proved to be a prolific source of knowledge on lands, peoples and their cultures, but concerning Egypt they offer important details relating to archeological sites and antiquities, and give light on the tentative footsteps of Egyptology. The account of Spanish travellers to Egypt from late antiquity onwards, and the first academic researches done in Egypt on pharaonic subjects by Spanish scholars in XIX century, are well worth writing.Key words: Egypt. Sudan. Travel Literature. Egyptian Archaeology. Egyptian antiquities. Ancient Egyptian Art Collections.
THERMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF PERIPHERAL JOINT INFLAMMATION—A RE-EVALUATION (1981)

The reproducibility and sensitivity of quantitative infra-red thermography as a measure of peripheral joint inflammation was reassessed. Experiments were carried out in a temperature-controlled room at 20 degrees C. Initial stabilization experiments showed that in normal, medium sized, joints, there was an initial rapid cooling phase followed by a slower cooling phase which lasted longer than two hours. In the knees the differences between normal and active rheumatoid joints increased the longer patients remained in the room but for practical reasons a 30-minute stabilization period was subsequently chosen. In views of hands and fingers, rebound increases in skin temperature after entering the room, together with lesser differences between inflamed and non-inflamed joints, were found. The results suggested that the thermographic technique examined was adequate for detecting inflammatory changes in knee, ankles and elbows but unsatisfactory for quantification of inflammation in the small joints of the hands.