gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work Function Control of Interfacial Buffer Layers for Efficient and Air‐Stable Inverted Low‐Bandgap Organic Photovoltaics (2012)

Abstract A water‐soluble cationic polythiophene derivative, poly[3‐(6‐{4‐ tert ‐butylpyridiniumyl}‐hexyl)thiophene‐2,5‐diyl] [P3(TBP)HT], is combined with anionic poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly( p ‐styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates via electrostatic layer‐by‐layer (eLbL) assembly. By varying the number of eLbL layers, the electrode's work function is precisely controlled from 4.6 to 3.8 eV. These polymeric coatings are used as cathodic interfacial modifiers for inverted‐mode organic photovoltaics that incorporate a photoactive layer composed of either poly[(3‐hexylthiophene)‐2,5‐diyl] (P3HT) and the fullerene acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 61 BM) or the low bandgap polymer [poly({4,8‐di(2‐ethylhexyloxyl)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene}‐2,6‐diyl)‐alt‐({5‐octylthieno[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐4,6‐dione}‐1,3‐diyl) (PBDTTPD)] and the electron acceptor [6,6‐phenyl‐C 71 ‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC 71 BM)]. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting photovoltaic device is dependent on the composition of the eLbL‐assembled interface and permits the fabrication of devices with efficiencies of 3.8% and 5.6% for P3HT and PBDTTPD donor polymers, respectively. Notably, these devices demonstrate significant stability with a P3HT:PC 61 BM system maintaining 83% of its original PCE after 1 year of storage and a PBDTTPD:PC 71 BM system maintaining 97% of its original PCE after over 1000 h of storage in air, according to the ISOS‐D‐1 shelf protocol.
Combined therapy with thrombospondin‐1 type I repeats (3TSR) and chemotherapy induces regression and significandy improves survival in a preclinical model of advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer (2014)

Most women are diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) at advanced stage, where therapies have limited effectiveness and the long-term survival rate is low. We evaluated the effects of combined antiangiogenic and chemotherapy treatments on advanced stage EOC. Treatment of EOC cells with a recombinant version of the thrombospondin-1 type I repeats (3TSR) induced more apoptotic cell death (36.5 ± 9.6%) in vitro compared to untreated controls (4.1 ± 1.4). In vivo, tumors were induced in an orthotopic, syngeneic mouse model of advanced stage EOC. Mice were treated with 3TSR (4 mg/kg per day) alone or in combination with chemotherapy drugs delivered with maximum tolerated dose or metronomic scheduling. Pretreatment with 3TSR induced tumor regression, normalized tumor vasculature, and improved uptake of chemotherapy drugs. Combination 3TSR and metronomic chemotherapy induced the greatest tumor regression (6.2-fold reduction in size compared to PBS-treated controls) and highest survival when treatment was initiated at advanced stage. 3TSR binding to its receptor, CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36), increased binding of CD36 and SHP-1, which significantly inhibited phosphorylation of the VEGF receptor. In this study, we describe a novel treatment approach and mechanism of action with 3TSR and chemotherapy that induces regression of advanced stage EOC and significantly improves survival.-Russell, S., Duquette, M., Liu, J., Drapkin, R., Lawler, J., Petrik, J. Combined therapy with thrombospondin-1 type I repeats (3TSR) and chemotherapy induces regression and significantly improves survival in a preclinical model of advanced stage epithelial ovarian cancer.
Decontamination efficacy against Mycoplasma (2010)

Mycoplasma can provide resistance to environmental factors (such as drying) and disinfectants. Further studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of other disinfectants and the mechanisms of mycoplasma resistance.
Dames an integrated systems approach to computer-aided design of electronic systems (1968)

Parallel with the increasing acceptance and utilization of microelectronic techniques has come a corresponding increase in the complexity of required circuits and in the number of factors to be considered when formulating and implementing a design. When one considers that many steps in the design process are repetitive, and that data gathering and documentation occupy the largest percent of the engineering time-cycle, it becomes clear that more help can and must be provided for the designer in the form of computer aids.
Seismic interpretation of crustal structure in the flinders‐mt lofty ranges and gulf regions, South Australia (1972)

Abstract There appears to be little correlation of earthquake epicentres with known surface geological features in South Australia. Seismic wave travel‐time residuals are used to derive corrections for the velocity and depth parameters for the simple uniform crustal model which approximates to that in South Australia. Local studies of Moho depth in the seismic zone and analysis of travel‐time station corrections from both local earthquake and teleseismic data suggest that lateral and vertical variations in the South Australian crust are small. Data presented in this paper appear to be consistent with a plate tectonic model derived from focal mechanism studies (Stewart & Mount, 1972) for the active South Australian seismic zones.
Δ<sup>1(10)</sup>-19-Norsteroids<sup>1,2</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTΔ1(10)-19-Norsteroids1,2JACK FISHMAN and MARIA TOMASZCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2, 365–368Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01049a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01049a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views65Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reactive Path Planning for 3-D Autonomous Vehicles (2011)

This brief deals with the problem of path planning for 3-D vehicles. The problem is simplified by resolving the workspace into horizontal and vertical planes. The flight path angle and the heading angle are linear functions of the visibility line angles in the vertical and horizontal planes, respectively. Other terms for the deviation and heading regulation are added to the navigation law. The navigation law has two navigation proportionality factors and two deviation parameters corresponding to the horizontal and vertical planes. The method has the ability to generate non-straight paths to the goal. Obstacles and dangerous zones are avoided by correcting the path by changing the values of the parameters. The dynamic constraints are transformed to a restriction in the navigation parameters' space. Our results are illustrated using simulation.
Establishment and Management of Virtual End-to-End QoS Paths through Modern Hybrid WANs with TeraPaths (2009)

The resource reservation capabilities offered by modern wide area networks, such as ESnet and Internet2, create a new network utilization model that coexists but drastically differs from the standard best-effort network paradigm. These capabilities enable the dedication of network resources to specific users/applications that may suffer from interruptions and other adverse effects because of the default best-effort behavior of networks. Extending the new capabilities through the local area networks of end sites and making them available to end users and applications in a useful, transparent, and scalable manner is a variation of the ldquolast milerdquo problem. The TeraPaths project at Brookhaven National Laboratory is pioneering a framework that takes advantage of the new capabilities to establish and manage on-demand true end-to-end QoS-aware network paths dedicated to authorized data flows. In this paper, we examine the issues raised by the new end-to-end resource reservation-based networking paradigm and the implications/benefits for end users and applications.
Integration of pass-band filters in patch antennas. (2002)

In this paper, we present the possibility to insert pass-band filters directly in a patch antenna in order to reduce the size of microwave front ends and to master the bandwidth of the antenna. In a first step, commercial filters are used and mounted on the antenna. Then, we propose to develop miniaturized integrated filters which can be directly integrated into the patch antenna.
Synthesis of Novel Furo-, Thieno-, and Pyrroloazepines (2010)

The synthesis of novel furo-, thieno-, and pyrroloazepine compounds, using the oxidative radical alkylation of three five-membered heterocyclic 3-acetic acid derivatives, is described. The bicyclic systems were obtained, via a small number of steps, directly from commercially available materials.
Using a connectionist model in a syntactical based language model (2003)

We investigate the performance of the Structured Language Model when one of its components is modeled by a connectionist model. Using a connectionist model and a distributed representation of the items in the history makes the component able to use much longer contexts than possible with currently used interpolated or backoff models, both because of the inherent capability of the connectionist model to fight the data sparseness problem, and because of the only sub-linear growth in the model size when increasing the context length. Experiments show significant improvement in perplexity and moderate reduction in word error rate over the baseline SLM results on the UPENN treebank and Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpora respectively. The results also show that the probability distribution obtained by our model is much less correlated to regular N-grams than the baseline SLM model.
A 1/3-inch 630 k-pixel IT-CCD image sensor with multi-function capability (2002)

Recent agreement on specifications for DV-C (digital video for consumer) is going to accelerate enhancing of picture resolution and special features of consumer video cameras. Added to a vibration stabilizer and an electronic zoom now considered indispensable functions, high-quality 16:9 wide picture that follows wide-aspect TV sets increasing in consumer markets is anticipated. This high-resolution multi-function CCD meets these demands. For lower power consumption, 3.3 V driving of H-CCD is used. Bias-preadjust circuits using analog memories are built on the CCD chip, enabling a substrate (VOFD) bias to be free from external adjustment and a reset gate to be driven with 3.3V pulses without external bias adjustment.
Imaging mechanism of piezoresponse force microscopy of ferroelectric surfaces (2002)

In order to determine the origin of image contrast in piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), analytical descriptions of the complex interactions between a small tip and ferroelectric surface are derived for several sets of limiting conditions. Image charge calculations are used to determine potential and field distributions at the tip-surface junction between a spherical tip and an anisotropic dielectric half plane. Methods of Hertzian mechanics are used to calculate the response amplitude in the electrostatic regime. In the electromechanical regime, the limits of strong (classical) and weak (field-induced) indentation are established and the relative contributions of electroelastic constants are determined. These results are used to construct ``piezoresponse contrast mechanism maps'' that correlate the imaging conditions with the PFM contrast mechanisms. Conditions for quantitative PFM imaging are set forth. Variable-temperature PFM imaging of domain structures in ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ and the temperature dependence of the piezoresponse are compared with Ginzburg-Devonshire theory. An approach to the simultaneous acquisition of piezoresponse and surface potential images is proposed.
Heterojunction Silicon Wafer Solar Cells using Amorphous Silicon Suboxides for Interface Passivation (2012)

10.1016/j.egypro.2012.02.012
Research and Development of Pravastatin (1991)

The attempts to find a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase which catalyzes the rate limiting step of cholesterol biosynthesis were started from 1971. The first potent inhibitor, ML-236B (compactin), was found from the culture broth of Penicillium citrinum. Among many derivatives of ML-236B, pravastatin sodium (hereafter refer to pravastatin) was finally selected because of its potency and tissue selectivity. Since pravastatin has a hydroxyl group at 6 beta position in the skeleton of decaline of ML-236B, the microbial hydroxylation was adopted for the production of pravastatin. Streptomyces carbophilus was finally chosen as a potent converter with the formation of a lesser amount of by-products. For the sake of industrial production of pravastatin, many devices and improvements were performed for selecting high potent strains and for culturing conditions both with ML-236B and pravastatin. Pravastatin strongly inhibited the sterol synthesis in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, but only weakly inhibited in the cells from nonhepatic tissues. This selective inhibition of pravastatin in sterol synthesis was further confirmed by ex vivo and in vivo experiments by using rats and mice. Pravastatin markedly reduced serum cholesterol levels in dogs, monkeys and rabbits, including Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbits, an animal model for familial hypercholesterolemia. Pravastatin showed the preventive effect on the development of coronary atherosclerosis and xanthoma in young WHHL rabbits in consequence of maintaining the serum cholesterol levels low. In the clinical trials, pravastatin significantly reduced serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, whereas inversely increased high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Study of energy transfer from excited TPD to Alq in organic electroluminescent devices by time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy using a scanning near‐field optical atomic force microscope (2001)

We demonstrate the direct measurement of molecular diffusion at organic/organic interfaces of organic electroluminescence devices by use of a scanning near-field optical atomic force microscope. Our preliminary study shows that the degradation of an electroluminescence device is partly caused by crystallization of the organic layers. Because the initial stage of degradation cannot be observed by microscopic methods, nanoscale optical properties of the interface in multilayer systems are currently receiving a great deal of attention. Defects of organic electroluminescence devices were investigated using a scanning near-field optical atomic force microscope. This instrument is capable of measuring both a topographic and a fluorescence image at the same time. The defect area and other areas are clearly observed and time-resolved near-field fluorescence spectra demonstrate emission of the different species. These results suggest that defects occur at the organic solid interface, and that energy transfer occurs from excited TPD, as donor, to Alq, as acceptor.
Low-Cost/Power Coherent Transceivers for Intra-Datacenter Interconnections and 5G Fronthaul Links (2019)

Currently there are multiple approaches considered by the optical communications community in order to scale-up the transceiver bit-rates beyond the Tb/s mark. Those include implementations based on higher baud-rates, advanced modulation formats and some form of parallelism, either by using Parallel Fibers Multiplexing (PSM) or Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM), or both. However, the cost and power consumption of the resulting transceivers, normalized per Gb/s, do not drop linearly as the number of parallel lanes (utilizing either spatial or spectral resources) increase (due to the extra complexities associated with multiplexing/demultiplexing and wavelength control). The cost and power consumption targets for the associated transceivers are particularly stringent for the case of intra-datacenters connectivity and 5G fronthaul links, unlike the cases of inter-datacenter connectivity and terrestrial/submarine networks. For intra-datacenter and 5G fronthaul interconnections, in order to reduce the cost and power per bit, it would be ideal to develop solutions operating on a single I/O fibre and based on single-wavelength implementations, thus meeting the reach and bit-rate requirements using a single transceiver at each end.Coherent detection could in principle offer a nice solution in that direction, enabling to scale the transceivers towards higher capacities; however, the cost and power consumption issues stemming mainly from the use of ultra-high-speed DSP chips and analogue to digital converters (ADCs), which consume over 8 W, even at 7 nm technology, must be addressed. Thus, Coherent transceivers that could circumvent the use of DSP chips, as well as eliminate DAC/ADCs, have high future potential, even though, at the moment, they seem inferior in terms of transmission performance to the existing solutions (utilizing high-speed electronics DACs/ADCs and DCP chips). However, the performance requirements for intra-datacenter and 5G fronthaul transceivers are not very stringent, as compared to the case of longer-reach transceivers. This implies that some of the simpler transceiver designs (bypassing costly and power-hungry high-speed digital electronic circuits) could find their way into commercialization for intra-DCI and 5G fronthaul networks. In our presentation, we survey the different options proposed in the literature for DSP-chip-less coherent transceivers and then we focus on the implementation principles and benefits of a new implementation entirely based on all-optical signal processing.
Piezoelectric Unimorph Microactuator Arrays for Single-Crystal Silicon Continuous-Membrane Deformable Mirror (2006)

Micromachined deformable mirror technology can boost the imaging performance of an otherwise nonrigid, lower-quality telescope structure. This paper describes the optimization of lead zirconium titanate (PZT) unimorph membrane microactuators for deformable mirrors. PZT unimorph actuators consisting of a variety of electrode designs, silicon-membrane thickness, and membrane sizes were fabricated and characterized. A mathematical model was developed to accurately simulate the membrane microactuator performance and to aid in the optimization of membrane thicknesses and electrode geometries. Excellent agreement was obtained between the model and the experimental results. Using the above approach, we have successfully demonstrated a 2.5-mm-diameter PZT unimorph actuator. A measured deflection of 5 /spl mu/m was obtained for 50 V applied voltage. Complete deformable mirror structures consisting of 10-/spl mu/m-thick single-crystal silicon mirror membranes mounted over the aforementioned 4/spl times/4 4 PZT unimorph membrane microactuator arrays were designed, fabricated, assembled, and optically characterized. The fully assembled deformable mirror showed an individual pixel stroke of 2.5 /spl mu/m at 50 V actuation voltage. The deformable mirror has a resonance frequency of 42 kHz and an influence function of approximately 25%.
Laser-scanning Doppler photoacoustic microscopy based on temporal correlation (2013)

We present a methodology to measure absolute flow velocity using laser-scanning photoacoustic microscopy. To obtain the Doppler angle, the angle between ultrasonic detection axis and flow direction, we extracted the distances between the transducer and three adjacent scanning points along the flow and repeatedly applied the law of cosines. To measure flow velocity along the ultrasonic detection axis, we calculated the time shift between two consecutive photoacoustic waves at the same scanning point, then converted the time shift to velocity according to the sound velocity and time interval between two laser illuminations. We verified our method by imaging flow phantoms.
Genetic basis for a lower prevalence of deficient CYP2D6 oxidative drug metabolism phenotypes in black Americans. (1993)

Debrisoquin hydroxylase (CYP2D6) is a cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the metabolism of > 30 commonly prescribed medications. Deficiency in CYP2D6 activity, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, was found to be significantly less common in American blacks (1.9%) than whites (7.7%). To determine the genetic basis for this difference, inactivating CYP2D6 mutations were assessed by allele-specific PCR amplification and RFLP analyses of genomic DNA from 126 unrelated whites and 127 unrelated blacks. Blacks had a twofold lower frequency (8.5 versus 23%, P = 0.001) of the CYP2D6(B) mutation (point mutation at intron 3/exon 4 splice site), while complete deletion of the CYP2D6 gene (5.5% blacks, 2.4% whites), and the CYP2D6(A) mutation (single nucleotide deletion in exon 5; 0.24% blacks, 1.4% whites) were not different between the two groups. The prevalence of heterozygous genotypes was significantly lower in blacks (25 versus 42% of extensive metabolizers, P = 0.009), consistent with the observed prevalence of the deficient trait in blacks and whites. We conclude that the same CYP2D6 mutations lead to a loss of functional expression in blacks and whites, but American blacks have a lower prevalence of the deficient trait due to a lower frequency of the CYP2D6(B) mutation. This could explain racial differences in drug effects and disease risk.
Human Spleen Histone H2B (1979)

The amino acid sequences of human histones have been investigated for studies of histone evolution. The whole histone was prepared from human spleen and was separated into 3 fractions, H4+H3+H2A, H2B, and H1, by our technique of CM-cellulose chromatography. The H2B fraction was further purified by Bio-Gel P-60 chromatography. For sequence determination, the H2B molecule was first split into 4 major fragments I to IV, by limited chymotryptic digestion at pH 5.0 and 15 degrees C, followed by Sephadex G-50 chromatography. Fragments I and III were then digested with trypsin, yielding 18 and 16 peptides, respectively, on column and paper chromatographies. Sequence analyses of these tryptic peptides, as well as chymotryptic fragments II and IV, showed no differences from the corresponding parts of calf thymus H2B sequence, making it possible to locate fragments I to IV at residues 1--40, 41--42, 43--121 and 122--125 of the total sequence. The only new findings were microheterogeneities at residues 39 (75% valine and 25% isoleucine) and 124 (70% serine and 30% alanine). The sequence of the most basic cluster at residues 27--24, -Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys-Arg-Ser-Arg-Lys-, was confirmed with a peptide obtained from fragment I by staphylococcal protease digestion. Thus, it is concluded that the H2B sequence of lower mammals was conserved during the evolutionary process leading to man.