gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Treatment with Inhibitors of the Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase/Akt and Raf/Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase/Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathways Reduces Melanoma Development in Severe Combined Immunodeficient Mice (2004)

Topical treatment with inhibitors of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase/Akt and Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathways inhibited the growth of TPras transgenic melanomas in severe combined immunodeficient mice, blocked invasive behavior, and reduced angiogenesis. The inhibitor Ly294002, which is specific for phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, effectively reduced melanoma cell growth both in vitro and in vivo. Both Ly294002 and U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 inhibitor, reduced invasion, which correlated with reduction of the metalloproteinase matrix metalloproteinase 2. Tumor angiogenesis was disrupted through inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor production from the tumor cells and antiangiogenic effects on endothelial cells. Observations with TPras melanoma cells that express dominant negative Deltap85 or kinase-inactive Raf(301) supported the specificity of the phenomena observed with the chemical inhibitors. These studies demonstrate that topical treatment targeting Ras effectors is efficacious, without systemic toxicities, and may prove to be useful in treating and preventing the progression of cutaneous melanoma.
¿Dónde queda el álgebra en Crítica de la razón pura? El álgebra y su relación con las construcciones simbólicas en la interpretación de Lisa Shabel (2020)

El proposito de este articulo es presentar la propuesta interpretativa deLisa Shabel que relaciona el algebra con las construcciones simbolicas. Asi,brevemente se recorre el  problema del status del algebra y como algunas de lasinterpretaciones dadas la relacionan con el calculo numerico. Posteriormente, de lamano de Shabel y con la mirada puesta en la practica matematica de Cristian Wolff,se identificaran las maneras de proceder algebraicamente en el siglo XVIII paradespues analizar las dos acepciones del termino “magnitud”. Finalmente se relacionael algebra con una construccion en concordancia con los conceptos a priori (pura),ciertas reglas (esquematica) y que ostenta su referente (ostensiva). Tal tipo deconstruccion define lo que Kant entiende por construccion simbolica.
Measurement and Modeling of Nitric Oxide Release Rates for Nitric Oxide Donors (1997)

An accurate model of the nitric oxide (NO)-release rate is essential for predicting the temporal NO-release rate and resulting NO concentrations for NO donors. Knowledge of the NO-release rate and/or the NO concentration is beneficial for assessing the physiological or pathological effects of NO on cell systems. This study describes a method to measure the temporal NO-release rate from NO donor compounds utilizing a modified ultrafiltration cell. For this study, the NO-release rates of spermine NONOate and diethylamine NONOate were measured and kinetically modeled at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. An advantage of this method is that complete dissolution of the NONOate was not necessary for modeling the NO-release rate. One model parameter, which is the number of moles of NO released per mole of decomposed NONOate, is 1.7 +/- 0.1 and 1.5 +/- 0.2 for spermine and diethylamine NONOate, respectively. The other model parameter, which is the NONOate first-order decomposition rate constant, is 0.019 +/- 0.002 min-1 and 0.47 +/- 0.10 min-1 for spermine and diethylamine NONOate, respectively, as determined from NO concentration profiles. The decomposition rate constant measured by spectrophotometry was consistent with the above value for spermine NONOate but was approximately half the above value for diethylamine NONOate. Preliminary experiments using spectrophotometry showed that for both NONOates the decomposition activation energy was approximately 100 kJ/mol. The NO-release rate model for spermine NONOate was applied to a model for predicting the NO concentration in oxygenated solution. The NO concentration was measured in phosphate buffer, culture medium, and Tyrode's solution. Excellent agreement was observed between experimental and predicted NO concentrations.
VEGF stimulation of mitochondrial biogenesis: requirement of AKT3 kinase (2008)

The growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), induces angiogenesis and promotes endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. Affymetrix gene array analyses show that VEGF stimulates the expression of a cluster of nuclear-encoded mitochondrial genes, suggesting a role for VEGF in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis. We show that the serine threonine kinase Akt3 specifically links VEGF to mitochondrial biogenesis. A direct comparison of Akt1 vs. Akt3 gene silencing was performed in ECs and has uncovered a discrete role for Akt3 in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis. Silencing of Akt3, but not Akt1, results in a decrease in mitochondrial gene expression and mtDNA content. Nuclear-encoded mitochondrial gene transcripts are also found to decrease when Akt3 expression is silenced. Concurrent with these changes in mitochondrial gene expression, lower O(2) consumption was observed. VEGF stimulation of the major mitochondrial import protein TOM70 is also blocked by Akt3 inhibition. In support of a role for Akt3 in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis, Akt3 silencing results in the cytoplasmic accumulation of the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis, PGC-1alpha, and a reduction in known PGC-1alpha target genes. Finally, a subtle but significant, abnormal mitochondrial phenotype is observed in the brain tissue of AKT3 knockout mice. These results suggest that Akt3 is important in coordinating mitochondrial biogenesis with growth factor-induced increases in cellular energy demands.
The immunophilin FKBP12: a molecular guardian of the TGF-beta family type I receptors (2004)

FKBP12 as an immunophilin that binds to two well-known immunosuppressive macrolides, FK506 and rapamycin, has attracted immense attention and its role in mediating the immunosuppressive functions of these macrolides has been extensively studied. Since FKBP12 is a well-conserved protein among many species and is also highly expressed in almost all cells, it must play important roles in cellular function in the absence of macrolides. In one such a role, FKBP12 interacts with and regulates the functional state of the ryanodine Ca2+ channel receptor by altering protein conformation and coordinating multi-protein complex formation. This review summarizes another physiological role of FKBP12 as an interactor and a regulator of the type I serine/threonine kinase receptors of TGF-beta superfamily. Current data, derived from detailed biochemical studies as well as from functional studies in various systems, suggest that FKBP12 functions as a "guardian" for the type I receptors to prevent them from leaky signaling under sub-optimal ligand concentrations, thereby providing a molecular "gradient reader" for TGF-beta family morphogens. This aspect of FKBP12 function may be critical for cellular responsiveness to morphogenetic gradients of the TGF-beta family members during early development, serving to assure the translation of different ligand concentrations into different signaling readouts.
Compact-Size Optical Head For Magneto-Optical Disk Drive (1987)

A compact-size optical head for magneto-optical disk drives has been developed. The head is designed to be built into a disk drive which is of the same size as a full-height, 5.25" floppy disk drive. By using a newly developed semiconductor laser that can radiate a beam with a small divergent angle and of small eccentricity, we have attained simplification of a collimating system and ease of assembly. To obtain a high readout carrier-to-noise ratio, we have adopted the differential readout method and the high frequency superposition method. Moreover, to stabilize a focus servo system when a focused spot traverses guide grooves, we have chosen the pupil obscuration method for focus error detection. With these technologies, continuous irradiation of 8mW onto a disk surface and a carrier-to-noise ratio in excess of 50dB within 30kHz bandwidth have been achieved.
Cytotoxicity of Cyanoacrylate-Based Tissue Adhesives and Short-Term Preclinical In Vivo Biocompatibility in Abdominal Hernia Repair (2016)

Although mild formaldehyde release occurred, OCA was the most cytotoxic during polymerization but the least once cured. The CAs promoted proper mesh fixation and have potential to replace traditional suturing techniques in hernia repair; the CAs exhibited good tissue integration and effective short-term biocompatibility, with the slightest seroma and macrophage response induced by OCA.
Development of a Novel AAV Gene Therapy Cassette with Improved Safety Features and Efficacy in a Mouse Model of Rett Syndrome (2020)

Rett syndrome (RTT), caused by loss-of-function mutations in the MECP2 gene, is a neurological disorder characterized by severe impairment of motor and cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of vector design, dosage and delivery route on the efficacy and safety of gene augmentation therapy in mouse models of RTT. Our results show that AAV-mediated delivery of MECP2 to Mecp2-null mice by systemic administration, and utilizing a minimal endogenous promoter, was associated with a narrow therapeutic window and resulted in liver toxicity at higher doses. Lower doses of this vector significantly extended survival of mice lacking MeCP2 or expressing a mutant T158M allele but had no impact on RTT-like neurological phenotypes. Modifying vector design by incorporating an extended Mecp2 promoter and additional regulatory 3’-UTR elements significantly reduced hepatic toxicity after systemic administration. Moreover, direct cerebroventricular injection of this vector into neonatal Mecp2-null mice resulted in high brain transduction efficiency, increased survival and bodyweight and an amelioration of RTT-like phenotypes. Our results show that controlling levels of MeCP2 expression in the liver is achievable through modification of the expression cassette. However, it also highlights the importance of achieving high brain transduction to impact the RTT-like phenotypes.
Physicochemical Principles of Extraction with Supercritical Gases (1978)

Abstract The present review considers some physicochemical properties of fluid mixtures that are of importance for fluid extraction and supercitical fluid chromatography (SFC). Firstly, the important types of phase diagrams are treated, the occurrence of solid phases also being considered in some simple cases. Specific examples are given of mixtures of a highly volatile component I ( e.g. CO 2 , C 2 H 6 ) with a relatively involatile component II ( e.g. squalane) of very different molecular size, shape, structure, and/or polarity, and it is shown how the rather complicated types of phase diagrams can be calculated and correlated. The importance of fluid mixtures extends far beyond the fields of science and technology reviewed.
Synthesis of imidazo[4,5‐<i>b</i>]‐ and [4,5‐<i>c</i>]pyridines (1980)

Abstract 2‐Arylimidazo[4,5‐ b ]‐ and [4,5‐ c ]pyridines have been prepared by treatment of the appropriate 2,3‐ or 3,4‐diaminopyridine with an aromatic carboxylic acid in the presence of polyphosphoric acid. Other derivatives have been prepared by similar cyclisation of diaminopyridines using triethyl orthoformate, urea, thiophosgene and thiourea and the properties of some N ‐oxides have been investigated. A number of the arylimidazopyridines have been screened for mutagenicity.
Design of generalized class E<sup>2</sup> dc/dc converter (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a novel design procedure for class E 2 dc/dc converter. The design procedure requires only circuit equations and design specifications. When the circuit equations are got, the other procedures for the computation of the design values are carried out with aid of computer. Therefore, we can design class E 2 dc/dc converters with any conditions by using the proposed design procedure. Moreover, we give the design and the performance curves of class E 2 dc/dc converter and discuss about them. By carrying out the circuit experiments, we show the validity of the proposed design procedure. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High Q Ni-Zn-Cu Ferrite Inductor for On-Chip Power Module (2009)

We fabricated 3 times 3 array of 1 mum thick Ni-Zn-Cu ferrite and air-core planar inductors (5 times 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in size; 2.5, 3.5, and 4.5 turns of Cu coil) on 4 inch bare Si wafer and 300 nm thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si wafer, respectively. The ferrite inductor showed higher Q than that of air-core inductor in the range of 7 to 100 MHz. The Q (= 19.5) of 4.5 turn ferrite inductor is 3.3 times higher than that (= 5.9) of 4.5 turn air-core inductor at 10 MHz, and inductance (L) increased by 10%. The Q-factors were found to be about 50 at 2.3 MHz and 20 at 10 MHz, respectively, for the ferrite inductor.
Induction of Hepatic Microsomal Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes by Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LO): Studies in Rats and 5-LO Knockout Mice (2001)

The effect of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) inhibitors on the hepatic microsomal mixed-function oxidase (MFO) system of rodents was investigated. After establishing the relative in vitro and in vivo potencies of the 3 test compounds, male Crl:CD (SD) BR rats received CJ-11,802 (0, 10, 50, or 200 mg/kg/day), zileuton (0, 10, 60, or 300 mg/kg/day) or ZD2138 (0 or 200 mg/kg/day) once daily by oral gavage for 14 (zileuton and ZD2138) or 30 (CJ-11,802) consecutive days. Controls were given an equivalent volume of 0.5% methylcellulose vehicle. At necropsy, all livers were weighed, and sections from representative animals (control and highest dose for each compound) were utilized to prepare hepatic microsomal fractions, which were assayed for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) content and the activities of cytochrome c reductase (CRed), para-nitroanisole O-demethylase (p-NOD), ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), and pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD). A dose-related increase in liver weight occurred in rats given CJ-11,802 and zileuton, while animals administered ZD2138 were unaffected. Rats given CJ-11,802 (200 mg/kg/day) and zileuton (300 mg/kg/day) had increases in CYP, EROD, PROD, CRed and p-NOD compared to corresponding controls, while only the latter two activities were elevated in animals administered ZD2138. To determine if induction of the hepatic microsomal MFO system was related to 5-LO inhibition, male DBA wild-type and 5-LO knockout mice were administered either CJ-11,802 (200 mg/kg/day) or vehicle by oral gavage for 14 consecutive days. At necropsy, liver weight, CYP content, and CRed activity were measured and all were increased similarly in the treated wild-type and knockout mice compared to corresponding controls, indicating that induction was not related to inhibiting 5-LO.
Generation of purified oligodendrocyte progenitors from embryonic stem cells (2004)

Demyelination is a key component in the pathogenesis of many neurological disorders. Transplantation of myelinating cells may offer a therapeutic approach to restore neurological function in these diseases. Recent findings suggest that pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells can serve as an unlimited donor source for neural transplantation. The clinical application of ES cells for myelin repair will depend critically on the ability to enrich oligodendroglial progenitors in high purity. Combining controlled differentiation in the presence of growth factors and genetic lineage selection, we devised a cell culture protocol yielding highly purified oligodendrocyte progenitors. Murine ES cell clones stably transfected with a construct encoding the beta-galactosidase-neomycine phosphotransferase fusion protein (beta(geo)) under control of the 2'3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNP) promoter were differentiated into bipotential glial precursors. Subsequent induction of a CNP-positive stage and selection in neomycine resulted in a homogenous cell population with a pre-oligodendrocyte phenotype. The selected cells continued to proliferate in the presence of FGF-2 and PDGF and, upon growth factor withdrawal, differentiated into mature galactocerebroside (GalC)-positive oligodendrocytes. Transplantation studies in myelin-deficient (md) rats indicate that ES cell-derived oligodendrocyte progenitors generated with this method may serve as an attractive donor source for myelin repair.
Highly Convenient, One-Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes Using the NH<sub>2</sub>OH·HCl/NaI/MeCN System (2003)

Corrected by: Highly Convenient, One-Pot Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes Using the NH2OH·HCl/NaI/MeCN SystemSynlett 2006; 2006(03): 0500-0500DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-932457
Discriminative training methods for language models using conditional entropy criteria (2010)

This paper addresses the problem of discriminative training of language models that does not require any transcribed acoustic data. We propose to minimize the conditional entropy of word sequences given phone sequences, and present two settings in which this criterion can be applied. In an inductive learning setting, the phonetic/acoustic confusability information is given by a general phone error model. A transductive approach, in contrast, obtains that information by running a speech recognizer on test-set acoustics, with the goal of optimizing the test-set performance. Experiments show significant recognition accuracy improvements in both rescoring and first-pass decoding experiments using the transductive approach, and mixed results using the inductive approach.
Track Buckling Prevention: Theory, Safety Concepts, and Applications (2013)

This report is a part of the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center’s Track Stability Research Program for the Federal Railroad Administration on thermal buckling of continuous welded rail (CWR) track and its prevention. Presented in this report are the developments of theoretical results and the development and application of the CWR-SAFE computer software model for prediction of CWR track buckling strength. This comprehensive predictive model encompasses several different modules designed to perform both deterministic and probabilistic buckling analyses, based on the dynamic buckling theory previously validated by tests, and predicts safe limits for buckling prevention. The model accounts for all the important parameters influencing track buckling, such as rail size, curvature, lateral resistance, tie-ballast friction, fastener torsional and longitudinal resistances, track vertical stiffness, misalignment amplitude and wavelength, and vehicle parameters. Applications of the model are demonstrated through analyses of parametric sensitivity, development of buckling safety limits in terms of safe and critical temperatures, and evaluation of annual probability of buckling occurrences for typical CWR line segments. The report also presents techniques to determine the input parameters for CWR-SAFE application and a practical methodology for CWR track safety monitoring. A risk-based approach is proposed to provide more flexibility to the industry in achieving a minimum number of annual buckles in a given territory and to provide science-based guidelines for improved slow order policies when operating at elevated rail temperatures.\n
Market-based workflow management for supply chains of services (2005)

This paper proposes the application of market-based workflow management for enabling a new form of relationship between customer and suppliers of services. This form is more flexible than the usual long-term fixed relationship with single partners. It allows customers to coordinate their processes with the services operated by the suppliers while still benefiting from a market competition enhanced with more customers and suppliers. A software system is being prototyped to demonstrate the concepts. It consists of a set of workflow systems and an automated trader system. The workflow systems reside in different organizations and the trader system acts as an intermediary among the customers and suppliers of services, maintaining information about their offers and requests. The traded services are treated as workflows. An illustration is given in the domain of logistics, where a company outsources part of a transportation process to external suppliers of the required services.
연구논문 : Thomas-Kilmann 의 갈등관리기법 ( MODE ) 의 타당성 검증 (1998)

This study was designed to test empirically the validity of Thomas-Kilmann`s MODE Instrument. For that purpose, it was explores that if any relationship exists between overall effectiveness of a middle manager and a particular conflict management technique. Conflict management techniques used in this study were MODE preference method which is developed by Thomas and Kilmann.: Competing, Collaborating, Compromising, Accommodating and Avoiding. Participants of this study were middle managers of K Group which is one of Korean che-bol. They were attending Special MBA programs at Sogang University Business School and the program was custom designed for corporate executives. For this study, these middle managers rated their own preference for use of five techniques and were rated by their superior, peer and subordinates on their preferences. These preferences were compared with their overall performance of Special MBA program. The statistical analysis did not show strong relationship between certain conflict management technique and overall effectiveness. A series of regression analysis resulted in a model which explained 38 percent of the variances. Three major implications for conflict management issues emerged from this study. First, MODE preference method has been used for many studies to assess an individual`s $quot;technique$quot; with high validity. But the result of this study with MODE could provide misleading information and should be used with care. This study suggests that people vary their interpersonal behavior styles depending on the situations. Second, this study suggests that the organizational level of the individual may be a important situational variable to use a certain conflict management technique. Third, for the middle managers, it is necessary how to assess situations and respond accordingly rather than providing a $quot;stated information$quot; how to handle conflict. For that purpose, it is important to find a way to connect individual learning to organizational learning through middle management education program.
DNA Patchy Particles (2013)

A simple and effective way to make DNA patchy particles is reported. A small patch of DNA strands is “stamped” from a gold surface onto colloidal particles of different sizes by streptavidin-biotin bonds. These DNA patchy particles provide direction-selective and thermoreversible interactions, and hence can lead to unique assembly protocols and structures controlled by temperature.