gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS-2) in reactive astrocytes of the human glaucomatous optic nerve head (2000)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) is abundantly present in the optic nerve heads of glaucoma patients. To determine the regulation of NOS-2 expression in the glaucomatous optic nerve head, the specific cells that express NOS-2 in the optic nerve heads of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were studied by immunohistochemical double-labeling of NOS-2 and one of the characteristic cell markers for different cell types. Most of the labeling for NOS-2 was identified in reactive astrocytes that were clustered in the areas of nerve damage in the prelaminar and lamina cribrosa regions of the glaucomatous optic nerve heads. In vitro, the expression of GFAP and NOS-2 by reactive astrocytes of human optic nerve heads was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry and Western blot. In primary cultures of human lamina cribrosa astrocytes, stimulation by interferon-gamma and interleukin-1beta upregulated GFAP and induced expression of NOS-2 protein. At 24, 48 and 72 h of stimulation, NOS-2 appeared first in the Golgi body and then was sent out into the cytoplasm in granules. These results demonstrated that the astrocytes of human optic nerve head are capable of inducing the expression of NOS-2. Reactive astrocytes in the glaucomatous optic nerve heads apparently play an important role in local neurotoxicity to the axons of the retinal ganglion cells by producing excessive nitric oxide in glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Homologues of Neisserial Heme Oxygenase in Gram-Negative Bacteria: Degradation of Heme by the Product of the <i>pigA</i> Gene of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2001)

The oxidative cleavage of heme to release iron is a mechanism by which some bacterial pathogens can utilize heme as an iron source. The pigA gene of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is shown to encode a heme oxygenase protein, which was identified in the genome sequence by its significant homology (37%) with HemO of Neisseria meningitidis. When the gene encoding the neisserial heme oxygenase, hemO, was replaced with pigA, we demonstrated that pigA could functionally replace hemO and allow for heme utilization by neisseriae. Furthermore, when pigA was disrupted by cassette mutagenesis in P. aeruginosa, heme utilization was defective in iron-poor media supplemented with heme. This defect could be restored both by the addition of exogenous FeSO4, indicating that the mutant did not have a defect in iron metabolism, and by in trans complementation with pigA from a plasmid with an inducible promoter. The PigA protein was purified by ion-exchange chromotography. The UV-visible spectrum of PigA reconstituted with heme showed characteristics previously reported for other bacterial and mammalian heme oxygenases. The heme-PigA complex could be converted to ferric biliverdin in the presence of ascorbate, demonstrating the need for an exogenous reductant. Acidification and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis of the ascorbate reduction products identified a major product of biliverdin IX-beta. This differs from the previously characterized heme oxygenases in which biliverdin IX-alpha is the typical product. We conclude that PigA is a heme oxygenase and may represent a class of these enzymes with novel regiospecificity.
Composition and properties of biologically active pectic polysaccharides from leek (<i>Allium porrum</i>) (2010)

Leek polysaccharides have relatively high galacturonic and glucuronic acid content and are distinguished with high biological activity.
Dynamic Rebalancing Optimization for Bike-Sharing System Using Priority-Based MOEA/D Algorithm (2021)

As an indispensable part of public transportation systems, the bike-sharing system (BSS) can improve road resource utilization and alleviate traffic congestion, significantly improving urban mobility. The disproportion between the demand and supply creates a giant gap for maintaining the smooth functioning of the system. To address the issue, this paper proposes a dynamic optimization rebalancing model for docked bike-sharing systems, which aims at minimizing the operation cost of rebalancing while maximizing the user satisfaction. The rebalancing demand is evaluated using both historical and predicted data so that a second time service for each station could be avoided within a rebalancing horizon. A time-window based satisfaction modeling is put forward to evaluate user satisfaction. Multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition (MOEA/D) under the rolling horizon strategy is adopted to solve the model. To improve the algorithmic performance, local search based on station priority is applied. Numerical experiments using real-world data were implemented to demonstrate the proposed model and the advantage of the improved algorithm. As the results indicate, the proposed algorithm outperforms the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II) and MOEA/D without priority-based local search. Solutions with higher satisfaction profit can be discovered with the help of a local search heuristic based on station priority. The experiment also revealed that a slight increase of 7.02% (Yen29.2) in the rebalancing cost could yield a significant growth of 1233.7% (Yen288.7) in satisfaction profit.
Facile Synthesis and Luminescence Properties of Highly Uniform MF/YVO<sub>4</sub>:Ln<sup>3+</sup> (Ln = Eu, Dy, and Sm) Composite Microspheres (2009)

Uniform MF/YVO4:Ln3+ (Ln = Eu, Dy, and Sm) composite microspheres have been prepared via a simple and economical wet-chemical route at ambient pressure and low temperature. Monodisperse micrometer-sized melamine formaldehyde (MF) colloidal particles were first fabricated by a condensation process of melamine with formaldehyde. Subsequently, well-dispersed YVO4 nanoparticles were successfully grown onto the MF microspheres to form core−shell structured composite particles in aqueous solution. The as-obtained composite microspheres with perfect spherical shape are uniform in size and distribution, and the thickness and roughness of the YVO4 shells on MF cores could be tuned by varying the reaction temperature. The MF/YVO4:Ln3+ composite phosphors show strong light emissions with different colors coming from different activator ions under ultraviolet excitation, which might find potential applications in fields such as light phosphor powders and advanced flat panel displays.
The speed of organization (2006)

This text assembles a range of thoughtful contributors who have bent their minds to deploy a range of different perspectives to consider our current fascination with speed and its complications for our organisation and organisations.
Epstein-Barr Virus Stimulates Torque Teno Virus Replication: A Possible Relationship to Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Viral infections have been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has frequently been investigated as a possible candidate and torque teno virus (TTV) has also been discussed in this context. Nevertheless, mechanistic aspects remain unresolved. We report viral replication, as measured by genome amplification, as well as quantitative PCR of two TTV-HD14 isolates isolated from multiple sclerosis brain in a series of EBV-positive and -negative lymphoblastoid and Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines. Our results demonstrate the replication of both transfected TTV genomes up to day 21 post transfection in all the evaluated cell lines. Quantitative amplification indicates statistically significant enhanced TTV replication in the EBV-positive cell lines, including the EBV-converted BJAB line, in comparison to the EBV-negative Burkitt's lymphoma cell line BJAB. This suggests a helper effect of EBV infections in the replication of TTV. The present study provides information on a possible interaction of EBV and TTV in the etiology and progression of multiple sclerosis.
Partial Synthesis of Krukovines A and B, Triterpene Ketones Isolated from the Brazilian Medicinal Plant <i>Maytenus</i> <i>krukovii</i> (1997)

Krukovines A (1) and B (2), triterpene ketones isolated from the Brazilian medicinal plant “chuchuhuasi” (Maytenus krukovii), were synthesized in eight steps from the commercially available oleanolic acid and ursolic acid, respectively.
Two-Electron-Transfer Redox Systems, Part 7: Two-Step Electrochemical Oxidation of the Boron Subhalide Cluster Dianions (X = Cl, Br, I) (2003)

Boron subhalide cluster dianions B6X 2- 6 (X = Cl, Br, I) are electrochemically oxidized in two steps. According to cyclic voltammograms, the first step is chemically reversible and yields the corresponding radical anions B6X .- 6. The electron transfer is nearly diffusion controlled. The second, slower electron-transfer step leads to a species which we assume to be the hitherto not yet described neutral compounds B6X 2- 6. The voltammograms indicate a coupled fast catalytic reaction, producing the radical anions in a reduction by an electrolyte component. Computer simulations of the cyclic voltammograms reveal mechanistic details of the redox reactions, as well as quantitative values for formal potentials, rate constants, and diffusion coefficients. The results are compared to other BnXn redox systems.
Lung function after preterm birth: development from mid-childhood to adulthood (2013)

Airway obstruction was present from mid-childhood to adulthood after extreme preterm birth, most evident after neonatal BPD. Lung function indices were tracking similarly in the preterm and term-born groups.
Stereoselective synthesis of <i>Z</i>-acrylonitrile derivatives: catalytic and acetylcholinesterase inhibition studies (2014)

Catalyst-assisted, efficient and eco-friendly synthesis of Z -acrylonitrile derivatives 2a–i and 4a–c.
Unsteady calculation of slit flow with 2-D hybrid Euler/DSMC numerical approach (1998)

An adaptive computational technique that couples Nadiga's Adaptive Discrete Velocity (ADV) method with Bird's Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method has been used to analyze the unsteady jet evolution from a slit subject to a pressure differential. This work is motivated by the need to study thruster plume impingement on spacecraft solar panels. The method adaptively decomposes the domain according to the degree of local translational equilibrium that is quantified by appropriate breakdown parameters. Disconnected patches of DSMC solutions deform adaptively to track non-equilibrium regions of the flow. The approach allows one to resolve complicated transient flow structures through the concentration of a large number of DSMC particles in non-equilibrium regions. Simulations of the jet show that a weak shock wave initially propagates into the flow followed by the high density jet core. The flow accelerates through an expansion region bounded by two shear layers that form a characteristic barrel structure. The behavior of the load as the jet strikes a target plate positioned 7 slit heights downstream of the aperture is investigated.
TSSV: a tool for characterization of complex allelic variants in pure and mixed genomes (2014)

We have implemented TSSV as a Python package that can be installed through the command-line using pip install TSSV command. Its source code and documentation are available at https://pypi.python.org/pypi/tssv and http://www.lgtc.nl/tssv.
Pencil excitation with interleaved fourier velocity encoding: NMR measurement of aortic distensibility (1996)

A technique is presented for rapidly and noninvasively determining aortic distensibility, by NMR measurement of pulse-wave velocity in the aorta. A cylinder of magnetization is excited along the aorta, with Fourier-velocity encoding and readout gradients applied along the cylinder axis. Cardiac gating and data interleaving improve the effective time resolution to as high as 3 ms. Wave velocities are determined from the position of the foot of the flow wave in the velocity profiles. Evidence of helical flow distal to the aortic arch can be seen in normal subjects, while disturbed flow patterns are visible in patients with aneurysms and dissections.
Solubilization and Partial Characterization of Extensin Fragments from Cell Walls of Cotton Suspension Cultures (Evidence for a Covalent Cross-Link between Extensin and Pectin) (1995)

Extensin, a major hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich glycoprotein in walls of cultured cells of dicotyledonous plants, is very difficult to solubilize. To learn about the nature of the insolubilization, we have tested the ability of a variety of selective hydrolytic methods, and combinations of them, to liberate extensin or fragments of extensin from suspension-culture cell walls. After the complete deglycosylation of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) walls, trypsinization solubilized 80% of the Hyp. The sequences of three abundant peptides were: (a) serine-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-serine-Hyp-Hyp-lysine, (b) serine-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-Hyp-valine-lysine, and (c) serine-Hyp-Hyp-serine-alanine-Hyp-lysine. After a sequential treatment of walls with endopolygalacturonase, cellulase, -73 degrees C anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solvolysis, and ammonium bicarbonate extraction, only sugars indicative of rhamnogalacturonan I and protein remained insoluble. Trypsin treatment of this residue liberated 50% of the Hyp. A significant proportion of rhamnogalacturonan-associated sugars co-solubilized and co-purified along with the extensin fragments following the trypsinization. By sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and gel filtration, the glycopeptides fell into two classes. One class contained distinctly sized molecules with relative molecular weights in the range of 4,000 to 24,000. The other class did not enter the resolving gel and was hetero-disperse. After complete deglycosylation by a 0 degrees C anhydrous hydrogen fluoride treatment, the first class was little affected in its electrophoretic mobility, whereas the larger heterogeneous material mostly entered the separating gel. After further trypsinization of the deglycosylated peptides and analysis by capillary zone electrophoresis, the peptides in both size classes were shown to contain the sequences described above. From our observations we suggest that cotton extensin becomes insolubilized into cell walls in part by pectin-protein cross-links in addition to the protein-protein (or protein-phenolic-protein) cross-links that have been repeatedly suggested.
Fine and wide frequency tuning digital controlled oscillators utilizing capacitance position sensitivity in distributed resonators (2007)

Recent advances have shown that all digital phase locked loops have several desirable advantages over its analog counterpart. One important element in the all digital phase locked loop is the digital controlled oscillator whose frequency resolution restricts the frequency resolution of the entire system. In this paper we propose a new structure for digital controlled oscillators utilizing the capacitance's sensitivity dependence on position of the shorted transmission line to increase the frequency resolution. A 9 GHz transmission line based digital controlled oscillator was fabricated as a proof of concept. Measured results show that more than 100 times frequency step resolution increase is possible utilizing the same tuning capacitor size located at different points in the transmission line.
Identification of Pulmonary Vein Stenosis After Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Using MRI (2001)

Pulmonary vein stenosis is one of the frequent complications after radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. MRI plays an important role in depicting the pathoanatomic structure of the pulmonary veins, and measuring the blood flow velocity in the pulmonary veins before and after therapy, and is superior to transesophageal echocardiography for this purpose.
Pasos inseguros en la nueva contratación (2009)

Con la expedicion del Decreto 66 del 16 de enero de 2008, que reglamenta la Ley 1150 de 2007, la mision para la eficiencia y la transparencia en la contratacion estatal da otro paso en las tareas que inicio hace seis anos y que no han sido nada faciles. En Colombia las normas de contratacion publica son un rompecabezas gigante desde que se expidio el Decreto Ley 150 de 1976, que no contribuye a la estabilidad juridica, ni a la democratizacion del derecho, monopolio de abogados especialistas en esta materia; no se sabe si los pasos se estan dando hacia atras o hacia adelante. Puede ser un retroceso como quiera que las piezas del rompecabezas en contratacion superan ampliamente el numero de 1.500 reglas, originadas en las siguientes fuentes materiales: las dos leyes: empezando por la Ley 80 de 1993 y la Ley 1150 de 2007, con 114 articulos. Todos los reglamentarios que el 66 de 2008 dejo vigentes, para un total de 30 decretos con cerca de 299 articulos. Las 48 jurisprudencias de constitucionalidad que profirio la Corte con ocasion de la Ley 80 de 1993, a las que se sumaran las sentencias de este ano, ante las dos demandas admitidas contra la Ley 1150. Asi mismo, similar numero de sentencias de nulidad del Consejo de Estado desde 1993. Infinito universo de fuentes en el cual cada inciso, numeral y paragrafo vigente contiene como minimo un supuesto normativo o regla (hecho y consecuencia juridica); al hacer el ejercicio de contabilizar las reglas vigentes, suman mas de 1.500, dispersas en 413 articulos que, como se vio, deben concordarse con las 82 fuentes normativas enunciadas. Armar este rompecabezas constituye un alto riesgo para los ordenadores de gasto, funcionarios, asesores y contratistas. Preparar manuales de contratacion sera un avance para minimizar la incertidumbre en ese juego.
Comparative Susceptibility of Transgenic Tobacco Plants and Protoplasts Expressing the Coat Protein Gene of Cucumber Mosaic Virus to Infection with Virions and RNA (1993)

A cDNA clone encoding the coat protein (CP) gene of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV, Y strain), linked to the caulifiower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S transcript promoter, was introduced into tobacco tissues by either electroporation or Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. The inoculated and upper systemic leaves of transgenic tobacco plants expressing the CMV-CP gene were highly protected from infection with CMV, even when the concentration of CMV-virion inoculum was 100 μg/ml. Inoculaled leaves, however, often showed greater susceptibility to CMV RNA than to CMV virions [...]
Feedback path variability modeling for robust hearing aids (2000)

Acoustic feedback is a common problem in hearing aids with vented earmolds. Hearing aids designed to work under normal conditions become unstable when the feedback path varies under changing conditions. A comprehensive study of the variability of the feedback path under various conditions and for different users is presented in this paper. A multiplicative uncertainty bound widely used in H-infinity robust control is suggested to model the variations, which is then used to formulate a robust stability condition for the hearing aid. The upper limit of the closed-loop acoustic gain of the hearing aid for maintaining robust stability is also derived. Examples of robust constant amplification hearing aids, which maintain stability in the face of the given variations in the feedback path, are presented. The robust stability condition is also suggested as a tool to design more robust digital, hearing aids.
A video rate 16*16 discrete cosine transform IC (2003)

The first fully operational implementation of a complete 16*16 discrete cosine transform (DCT) on a single chip with the speed and the resolution necessary for video images is described. Using a pipelined concurrent architecture, the DCT IC was designed for real-time processing of 14.3-MHz sampled video data. Distributed arithmetic combined with bit-serial and bit-parallel structures is used to implement the required vector inner products concurrently. The chip accepts 9-bit inputs and produces 14-bit DCT coefficients. The circuit has been laid out using the symbolic design tool MULGA. The chip contains approximately 73000 transistors and was fabricated using a double metal n-well 2- mu m CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlling the spectral response in guided-mode resonance filter design (2003)

Techniques for controlling spectral width are used in conjunction with thin-film techniques in the design of guided-mode resonance (GMR) filters to provide simultaneous control over line-shape symmetry, sideband levels, and spectral width. Several factors that could limit the minimum spectral width are discussed. We used interference effects for passband shaping by stacking multiple GMR filters on top of one another. A design is presented for a 200-GHz telecommunications filter along with a tolerance analysis. Compared with a conventional thin-film filter, the GMR filter has fewer layers and looser thickness tolerances. Grating fabrication tolerances are also discussed.
Toward intelligent message routing systems (1985)

As it becomes both technically and economically feasible to send electronic messages to a large number of possible recipients, the problem of deciding who should receive a particular message will become increasingly important. It will be essential to provide tools for extracting interesting and relevant messages from a potentially large pool of less useful information. This paper focuses on the application of techniques from artificial intelligence and organizational science to the development of intelligent message routing systems. Our discussion is illustrated with examples from a series of informal studies of how people share information in organizations, and descriptions of a system under development in our research group at MIT.
Cdc42 Regulates Anchorage-Independent Growth and Is Necessary for Ras Transformation (1997)

The Rho family members Cdc42, Rac, and Rho play a central role in the organization of the actin cytoskeleton and regulate transcription. Whereas Rac and Rho have been implicated in transformation by oncogenic Ras, the role of Cdc42 in this process remains unknown. In this study, we found that Rat1 fibroblasts expressing constitutively active V12-Cdc42 were anchorage independent and proliferated in nude mice but failed to show enhanced growth in low serum. Similar to V12-Rac1-expressing Rat1 fibroblasts, V12-Cdc42 lines displayed a high frequency of multinucleated cells. Interestingly, coexpression of dominant negative N17-Rac1 blocked the V12-Cdc42-induced multinucleated phenotype but not growth in soft agar, indicating that Cdc42 controls anchorage independence in a Rac-independent fashion. We also showed that dominant negative N17-Cdc42 inhibited Ras focus formation and anchorage-independent growth and caused reversion of the transformed morphology, indicating that Cdc42 is necessary for Ras transformation. N17-Cdc42 caused only partial inhibition of Ras-induced low-serum growth, however. In contrast, whereas N17-Rac1 also effectively inhibited Ras-induced anchorage independence, it did not revert the morphology of Ras-transformed cells. N17-Rac1 strongly inhibited low-serum growth of Ras-transformed cells, however. Together, these data provide a novel function for Cdc42 in cell proliferation and indicate that Cdc42 and Rac play distinct roles in growth control and Ras transformation.
Evidence for Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Hemophilic Children with Factor VIII Inhibitors (1999)

Evidence for Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Hemophilic Children with Factor VIII Inhibitors -
Partitioning algorithms for layout synthesis from register-transfer netlists (1992)

A partitioning methodology that exploits the regularity of register-transfer components is presented, and partitioning algorithms that are used to generate the floor plan are described. The partitioning algorithms not only select the layout style best suited for each component, but also consider critical paths, I/O pin locations, and connections between components. This approach improves the overall area utilization and minimizes the wire length on the critical paths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>