gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uses for JNK: the Many and Varied Substrates of the c-Jun N-Terminal Kinases (2006)

The c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are members of a larger group of serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein kinases from the mitogen-activated protein kinase family. JNKs were originally identified as stress-activated protein kinases in the livers of cycloheximide-challenged rats. Their subsequent purification, cloning, and naming as JNKs have emphasized their ability to phosphorylate and activate the transcription factor c-Jun. Studies of c-Jun and related transcription factor substrates have provided clues about both the preferred substrate phosphorylation sequences and additional docking domains recognized by JNK. There are now more than 50 proteins shown to be substrates for JNK. These include a range of nuclear substrates, including transcription factors and nuclear hormone receptors, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K, and the Pol I-specific transcription factor TIF-IA, which regulates ribosome synthesis. Many nonnuclear substrates have also been characterized, and these are involved in protein degradation (e.g., the E3 ligase Itch), signal transduction (e.g., adaptor and scaffold proteins and protein kinases), apoptotic cell death (e.g., mitochondrial Bcl2 family members), and cell movement (e.g., paxillin, DCX, microtubule-associated proteins, the stathmin family member SCG10, and the intermediate filament protein keratin 8). The range of JNK actions in the cell is therefore likely to be complex. Further characterization of the substrates of JNK should provide clearer explanations of the intracellular actions of the JNKs and may allow new avenues for targeting the JNK pathways with therapeutic agents downstream of JNK itself.
What is Conversation? Distinguishing Dialogue Contexts (2009)

Conversations are a basic unit of analysis in studies of human interaction.These units are conventionally distinguished by reference to the set of ratified participants who take part, often by appeal to their physical proximity/orientation.We show that within such conversational units there are distinct dialogue contexts which are more fine-grained than this.We present experimental evidence that demonstrates how these dialogue contexts are distinguished not in terms of topic but in terms of the participants who are actively contributing.More specifically, we show that changes in the set of primary participants alters how easily participants can access a prior turn in the conversation using a context dependent elliptical expression.So even within small groups of fully ratified participants, distinct dialogue contexts, indexed to specific sets of participants, can emerge.This leads to the idea that in multi-party dialogue, context/adjacency has a tree like structure, so that under certain conditions, presented here, utterances on either side of a sub-dialogue (a stretch of talk during which the set of primary participants remains unchanged) can be regarded as 'pragmatically next' to each other.This has implications for our understanding of how conversations are structured and for how models of dialogue track what is salient for whom at any given point in conversation.
Selective κ Opioid Antagonists nor-BNI, GNTI and JDTic Have Low Affinities for Non-Opioid Receptors and Transporters (2013)

Across 43 non-opioid CNS targets, only GNTI exhibited a potent functional effect (allosteric enhancement of α(1A)-adrenoceptors). This may contribute to GNTI's severe transient effects. Plasma concentrations of nor-BNI and GNTI may be high enough to affect some peripheral non-opioid targets. Nonetheless, κ opioid antagonism persists for weeks or months after these transient effects dissipate. With an adequate pre-administration interval, our results therefore strengthen the evidence that nor-BNI, GNTI and JDTic are highly selective κ opioid antagonists.
Filament Wound Composite Thermal Isolator Structures for Cryogenic Dewars and Instruments (1982)

Studies showing high tensile strength, low thermal conductivity, and adequate fatigue strength capabilities in conjunction with low resin outgassing properties of S-901 fiber glass with SCI REZ 080 and 081 epoxy resins has resulted in use of filament wound tension straps, struts, and conical shells as thermal isolators in several high-performance cryogenic applications. These thermal isolator structures and their use in the following cryogenic systems are discussed in this paper: hydrogen and oxygen dewars for space shuttle, helium tank for the infra-red astronomy satellite, spacecraft refrigerators, and infrared telescope. Mechanical and thermo-physical properties of the composite laminates are presented.
Audio-Based Self-Organizing Authentication for Pervasive Computing: A Cyber-Physical Approach (2009)

Pervasive computing is fast becoming a reality with rapid advance in computing and networking technologies. It has the characteristics of scalability, invisibility, and the absence of the fixed infrastructure. Thus, existing security solutions do not fit this new computing environment. In many pervasive applications, devices collaborate with others within a particular area (such as a room or a building) and thus such applications need authentication for security. In this paper, we propose a new authentication technique which allows devices to authenticate each other when they are within the same audio region. The main advantage of our scheme is that there is no need of the pre-shared secret, the pre-existing trust relationship and human involvement. This paper takes a cyber-physical approach and generates features from the environmental sound. The idea is that this feature is used to verify the legitimacy of devices. We present the audio-based self-organizing authentication scheme and experimental results showing the achievement of requirements. We also analyze the computation cost, energy cost and security.
On the establishment of distinct identities in overlay networks (2005)

We study ways to restrict or prevent the damage that can be caused in a peer-to-peer network by corrupt entities creating multiple pseudonyms. We show that it is possible to remotely issue certificates that can be used to test the distinctness of identities. To our knowledge, this is the first work that shows that remote anonymous certification of identity is possible under adversarial conditions. Our certification protocols are based on geometric techniques that establish location information in a fault-tolerant and distributed fashion. They do not rely on a centralized certifying authority or infrastructure that has direct knowledge of entities in the system, and work in Euclidean or spherical geometry of arbitrary dimension. Our protocols tolerate corrupt entities, including corrupt certifiers as well as collusion by certification applicants and certifiers. We consider both broadcast and point-to-point message passing models.
Expression of porcine endogenous retrovirus in peripheral blood leukocytes from ten different breeds (2000)

The expression of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) was investigated in primary porcine peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) of ten different pig breeds. The data suggest that PERV exists in all porcine PBL. A new retroviral element, a foamy-like pol-related sequence, was also detected in PBL. Three types of PERV were detected in almost every animal. The breeding of PERV-free pigs is likely to be difficult. Further studies are required to assess the infectious disease risks associated with xenotransplantation.
Novel and Efficient Synthesis of 8-Oxoadenine Derivatives (2001)

A novel synthetic method of 8-oxoadenine derivatives (3 and 4) is reported.This widely applicable synthetic method was realized through the use of 5-amino-4-cyano-2-oxoimidazole derivatives (2) as the key intermediates.A variety of substituents were successfully introduced to the 2-and 9-position of the 8-oxoadenine nucleus.
Multiport $S$-Parameter and $T$-Parameter Conversion With Symmetry Extension (2008)

We propose a generalized <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -matrix definition that facilitates the conversion between the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameter and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -parameter for multiport networks based on the well understood and mathematically simple two-port relations. This approach generalizes all multiport networks into two cases: balanced and unbalanced. Balanced networks have the same number of entrance and exit ports and are symmetric to the two-port network. Unbalanced networks generate a nonsquare <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -matrix and do not have the same number of entrance and exit ports. Through careful selection of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -matrix, this method extends two-port symmetry to multiport networks and provides an engineering implementable relationship between the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> -parameter and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> -parameter for multiport networks. This symmetry extension allows a practical means to cascade and de-embed such networks.
Prognostic Markers for Canine Melanocytic Neoplasms (2011)

Many studies have evaluated various prognostic markers for canine melanocytic neoplasms either as primary or secondary goals; however, design, methodology, and statistical validation vary widely across these studies. The goal of this article was to evaluate and compare published canine melanocytic neoplasm studies in relation to the principals established in the Recommended Guidelines for the Conduct and Evaluation of Prognostic Studies in Veterinary Oncology. Based on this evaluation, we determined which parameters currently have the most statistically supported validity for prognostic use in canine melanocytic neoplasia. This information can also be used as part of evidence-based prospective evaluations of treatment regimens. Additionally, we highlight areas in which the current data are incomplete and that warrant further evaluation. This article represents an initiative of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists' Oncology Committee and has been reviewed and endorsed by the World Small Animal Veterinary Association.
Erratum: Intermediate Nonlinear Evolution of the Parker Instability: Formation of Convection-Induced Discontinuities and Absence of Finite-Time Singularities [Phys. Rev. Lett.<b>96</b>, 065001 (2006)] (2006)

Received 23 February 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.96.129901©2006 American Physical Society
Detection of IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Thyroid of Patients with Autoimmune Thyroid Disease<sup>1</sup> (1997)

IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 are important cytokines that have not been studied previously in human autoimmune thyroid diseases. By applying RT-PCR on RNA extracted from tissue samples, we have investigated in vivo gene expression of these cytokines in multinodular goiter (MNG), Graves' disease (GD), and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). In addition, in vitro studies were carried out using the transformed human thyroid cell line, HT-ori3, and primary thyroid cell cultures derived from patients with GD. These cells were used either unstimulated or stimulated for 12 h with TSH, IL-1, or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). IL-12 p40 gene expression was identified in 2 of 10 MNG samples, 6 of 12 GD, and 3 of 4 HT. HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cell cultures were positive for IL-12 p40 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in both unstimulated and stimulated cell cultures. IL-13 mRNA was expressed in 2 MNG, 9 GD, and 1 HT sample. Both HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cultures expressed IL-13 after TSH, IL-1, or IFN-gamma stimulation; unstimulated primary cultures of thyroid cells, however, did not express IL-13. IL-15 gene expression was detected in 8 MNG, 8 GD, and 4 HT samples. HT-ori3 and primary thyroid cell cultures, stimulated with TSH, IL-1, or IFN-gamma, showed expression of this cytokine. Unstimulated cells showed only a weak expression. Our results indicate that the cytokine patterns in the various diseases studied are heterogeneous; that thyroid cells can express IL-12, IL-13, and IL-15 mRNA in culture, particularly after TSH, IL-1, or IFN-gamma stimulation; and that IL-15 is expressed in most of the tissue samples studied.
Mid-air tactile stimulation using laser-induced thermoelastic effects: The first study for indirect radiation (2015)

This paper reports our recent finding that a laser that is radiated on a thin light-absorbing elastic medium attached on the skin can elicit a tactile sensation of mechanical tap. Laser radiation to the elastic medium creates inner elastic waves on the basis of thermoelastic effects, which subsequently move the medium and stimulate the skin. We characterize the associated stimulus by measuring its physical properties. In addition, the perceptual identity of the stimulus is confirmed by comparing it to mechanical and electrical stimuli by means of perceptual spaces. All evidence claims that indirect laser radiation conveys a sensation of short mechanical tap with little individual difference. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that discovers the possibility of using indirect laser radiation for mid-air tactile rendering.
Feasibility of closed-loop titration of propofol guided by the Bispectral Index for general anaesthesia induction (2006)

The system was able to allow induction clinically for all patients. Automated titration guided by Bispectral Index for propofol infusion was feasible without increase in haemodynamic adverse effects.
Experimental parameters of the photoemitter membrane spatial light modulator (1989)

Experimental parameters of the photoemitter membrane spatial light modulator (PEMLM) photocathode, microchannel plate (MCP), and membrane are measured to determine the constraints they impose on the fabrication and performance of the device. An analysis of the PEMLM has shown that the ratio of the MCP strip current to the membrane tension is proportional to the ultimate limit of the device time response. Experimental measurements indicate that the ultimate performance has not been obtained. A different selection of the membrane material can improve the time response by lowering the tension. But the material selection is greatly restricted by the need to incorporate a visible photocathode for applications utilizing feedback. The use of high temperature stable membranes with low tensions and high strip current MCPs should enhance the PEMLM's time response.
Removal of Mn from Spinach Chloroplasts by Sodium Cyanide and the Binding of Mn 2+ to Mn-Depleted Chloroplasts (1976)

Manganese and copper were released from spinach chloroplasts by NaCN-treatment, though iron was not affected. The Hill reaction activity was also inhibited by this treatment, but was partially recovered by the addition of either Mn2+ or Cu2+ but not of Fe3+ The interaction of Mn2+ with manganese-depleted chloroplasts by NaCN-treatment was studied using 54Mn2+. A Scatchard plot shows the high and low affinity binding sites of Mn2+ on NaCN-treated chloroplast membrane; high affinity binding being specific for NaCN-treated chloroplast with a binding constant, KH, of 1.9 × 105 M−1, and a maximum binding number, NH, of 0.0016g-atom per mole of chlorophyll. The low binding site was also found on untreated chloroplasts; its binding constant, KL, being 1.2 × 104 M−1, and its maximum binding number, NL, of 0.0112 g-atom per mole of chlorophyll at pH 8.2. NH was proportional to the degree of the removal of Mn by NaCN-treatment and was constant at pH 4–9. NL markedly increased at a high pH with a midpoint of pH 7.9 indicating the exposure of a new, similar binding site. Light illumination partially inhibited the binding of Mn2+. Within I min in the dark the binding reaction reached equilibrium in the absence of pyrophosphate, however, 20 min were required to transform into pyrophosphate-resistant form. The pH dependence of the binding of Mn2+ with pK2 7.2 and the ineffectiveness of p-chloromercuribenzoate suggest the possible ligand of Mn2+ is the imidazole nitrogen of the histidine residue.
Interferon Therapy after Tumor Ablation Improves Prognosis in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Hepatitis C Virus (2003)

After tumor ablation by ethanol injection, interferon therapy may enhance patient survival in selected patients with chronic hepatitis C.
Demonstration of waypoint navigation for a semi-autonomous prototype surf-zone robot (2006)

The objective of the Small Robot technology (SMART) initiative at the Naval Post Graduate School (NPS) is to develop robots for military uses. One of the goals of this program is to create a surf-zone reconnaissance robot to do beachhead surveillance and mine detection. To this end, a prototype robot was created to test the locomotion and navigation functions which will be used on the surf-zone robot. This work consisted of redesigning the steering mechanism, strengthen the structure, improving the electrical distribution and upgrading the communications hardware. Several tests were conducted on both grass and soft sand to evaluate the performance of the locomotion system and the navigation software. The results demonstrated that the robot functions best in soft sand as expected. However, several serious mechanical design flaws were noticed in the body construction and mechanical systems. These flaws, while not detrimental, did negatively impact the performance of the system. Finally, some suggestions for improving future prototypes are discussed.
Normal and Abnormal Grain Growths in <scp> <scp>BaTiO</scp> </scp> <sub>3</sub> Fibers (2014)

The grain growth mechanisms along the BaTiO 3 fibers were studied between 1150°C and 1250°C. The normal grain growth always reached a stagnant stage after certain heat‐treatment duration caused by the surface pinning effect. However, the abnormal grain growth (AGG) was not pinned by such surface effect, and can grow continuously. The confined normal grain (or matrix grain) size provides the driving force for AGG. The fiber diameter has an important influence on the grain growth behaviors. Submicrometer fibers have relative small stagnant grain sizes, resulting in large driving force for AGG. Abnormal grain growth occurred below 1200°C in the submicrometer diameter fibers, but was not observed at the same temperature in the fibers with diameter of above 1 μm. Due to the large AGG driving force, large number densities of abnormal grains were observed in submicrometer fibers, resulting in “bamboo‐like” microstructure. Fibers with diameters of 1–2 μm were able to be converted into single crystal fibers up to several tens of micrometers due to the relative small AGG driving forces.
Use of neural network and fuzzy logic to time domain analog tasting (2002)

This paper deals with fault diagnosis by means of dictionary technique. Problem of distinguishing between healthy or faulty analog circuit has always been very complicated. The most common approach based on pattern recognition, especially on mean square error measure, cannot distinguish all faulty circuits from the healthy one. Normally, the dictionary has to include thousands of patterns and even then, die level of fault detection is not satisfactory. A neural network classifier has been proposed to solve the problem. Its generalization ability allows to reduce the dictionary size significantly. This paper shows how to create a neural dictionary for fault location. Moreover, at the first stage of classification, the fuzzy logic is utilized to transform a measurement vector into a zero-one range. The information from the Circuit Under Test (CUT) has to be as high as it is possible but at the same time the stimuli has to be as simple as possible. The most common AC and DC tests don't give the best solution. Therefore, the time domain testing with pulse stimuli has been utilized.
Phase I and pharmacologic study of estramustine phosphate and short infusions of paclitaxel in women with solid tumors. (1998)

EMP 900 mg/m2 for 3 days and 225 mg/m2 paclitaxel by 3-hour infusion are well tolerated; antitumor activity was seen in women with paclitaxel-pretreated solid tumors. This apparent enhancement of antitumor effects is unlikely to be mediated by P-glycoprotein.
Image relaxation: restoration and feature extraction (1995)

The techniques of a posteriori image restoration and iterative image feature extraction are described and compared. Image feature extraction methods known as graduated nonconvexity (GNC); variable conductance diffusion (VCD), anisotropic diffusion, and biased anisotropic diffusion (BAD), which extract edges from noisy images, are compared with a restoration/feature extraction method known as mean field annealing (MFA). All are shown to be performing the same basic operation: image relaxation. This equivalence shows the relationship between energy minimization methods and spatial analysis methods and between their respective parameters of temperature and scale. As a result of the equivalence, VCD is demonstrated to minimize a cost function, and that cost is specified explicitly. Furthermore, operations over scale space are shown to be a method of avoiding local minima.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of Bionanocomposites with Tunable Properties from Poly(lactic acid) and Acetylated Microfibrillated Cellulose (2009)

In the present study, novel bionanocomposite materials with tunable properties were successfully prepared using a poly(lactic acid) (PLA) matrix and acetylated microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) as reinforcing agent. The acetylation of MFC was confirmed by FTIR and (13)C CP-MAS NMR spectroscopies. The grafting of acetyl moieties on the cellulose surface not only prevented MFC hornification upon drying but also dramatically improved redispersibility of the powdered nanofibers in chloroform, a PLA solvent of low polarity. Moreover, we demonstrate that the properties of the resulting PLA nanocomposites could be tailored by adjusting both the acetyl content (Ac%) and the amount of MFC. These nanomaterials showed improved filler dispersion, higher thermal stability, and reduced hygroscopicity with respect to those prepared with unmodified MFC. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) highlighted the reinforcing potential of both the unmodified and the acetylated MFC on the viscoelastic properties of the neat PLA. But more interesting, an increase in the PLA glass transition temperature was detected when using the 8.5% acetylated MFC at 17 wt %, indicating an improved compatibility at the fiber-matrix interface. These findings suggest that the final properties of nanocomposite materials can be controlled by adjusting the %Ac of MFC.