gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Kinase Cδ Mediates Insulin-Induced Glucose Transport in Primary Cultures of Rat Skeletal Muscle (1999)

Insulin activates certain protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms that are involved in insulin-induced glucose transport. In this study, we investigated the possibility that activation of PKCdelta by insulin participates in the mediation of insulin effects on glucose transport in skeletal muscle. Studies were performed on primary cultures of rat skeletal myotubes. The role of PKCdelta in insulin-induced glucose uptake was evaluated both by selective pharmacological blockade and by over-expression of wild-type and point-mutated inactive PKCdelta isoforms in skeletal myotubes. We found that insulin induces tyrosine phosphorylation and translocation of PKCdelta to the plasma membrane and increases the activity of this isoform. Insulin-induced effects on translocation and phosphorylation of PKCdelta were blocked by a low concentration of rottlerin, whereas the effects of insulin on other PKC isoforms were not. This selective blockade of PKCdelta by rottlerin also inhibited insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), but not glucose transporter 3 (GLUT3), and significantly reduced the stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin. When overexpressed in skeletal muscle, PKCdelta and PKCdelta were both active. Overexpression of PKCdelta induced the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane and increased basal glucose uptake to levels attained by insulin. Moreover, insulin did not increase glucose uptake further in cells overexpressing PKCdelta. Overexpression of PKCdelta did not affect basal glucose uptake or GLUT4 location. Stimulation of glucose uptake by insulin in cells overexpressing PKCdelta was similar to that in untransfected cells. Transfection of skeletal myotubes with dominant negative mutant PKCdelta did not alter basal glucose uptake but blocked insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation and glucose transport. These results demonstrate that insulin activates PKCdelta and that activated PKCdelta is a major signaling molecule in insulin-induced glucose transport.
Ion sensitivity of the flowerlike ZnO nanorods synthesized by the hydrothermal process (2009)

Flowerlike ZnO nanorods were synthesized by the hydrothermal process. A simple two-step process was developed for growing ZnO nanorods on the silicon substrates at about 85°C. The concentration of zinc acetate dehydrate pretreatment is 0.01M. The x-ray diffractometer pattern of ZnO nanorods at 2θ=31.77°, 34.42°, and 36.25° indicates three reflection peaks of hexagonal wurtzite structure, (100), (002), and (101), respectively. It has been shown that the ZnO nanorods are of single hexagonal phase of wurtzite structure. The scanning electron microscopy image revealed that the average diameter of ZnO nanorods was about 360nm. In addition, the ZnO nanorods/Si structure was utilized as a pH sensor head and connected with the metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor when the extended-gate field-effect transistor was finished. Afterward, the semiconductor parameter analysis instrument (Keithley 4200) was used to measure the current-voltage characteristic curves in the different pH buffer solutions. The experimental result found that the pH sensing response is obtained and the output voltage shifted right with increasing pH values.
Subtree mining for relation extraction from Wikipedia (2007)

In this study, we address the problem of extracting relations between entities from Wikipedia's English articles. Our proposed method first anchors the appearance of entities in Wikipedia's articles using neither Named Entity Recognizer (NER) nor coreference resolution tool. It then classifies the relationships between entity pairs using SVM with features extracted from the web structure and subtrees mined from the syntactic structure of text. We evaluate our method on manually annotated data from actual Wikipedia articles.
Electrostatic Beneficiation Apparatus for Fluidized Iron and Other Ores (1972)

The paper presents a new apparatus for electrostatic beneficiation of fluidized ores. The apparatus comprises a fluidized bed, an optional metallic screen electrode located above the bed, and a series of collecting U-or V-shaped troughs. The troughs are moving horizontally below the screen. The vertical electric field traversing the fluid bed was produced by applying high voltage to a porous metallic plate on the floor of the bed and grounding the troughs and screen.
Test-retest reliability of postural stability on two different foam pads. (2015)

The Airex and Neurocom foam pads both provide fair to good reliability. The Airex foam had higher reliability scores with eyes closed than the Neurocom foam pad. Both foam pads appear to produce repeatable findings.
Er,Cr:YSGG Laser-Activation Enhances Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Action of Low Concentrations of Sodium Hypochlorite in Root Canals (2019)

The onset and persistence of endodontic infections due to residual biofilm after chemical disinfection promotes secondary bacterial infection. Alternative methods to disinfect operated root canals are a matter of great interest. The aim was to evaluate the antibacterial effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) at low concentrations activated by the Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation (LAI) against 10-day-old intracanal <i>Enterococcus</i> <i>faecalis</i> biofilm. Biofilms were formed inside the root canals and divided into 7 groups (n13): 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG; Saline + Er,Cr:YSGG; 0.5% NaOCl + syringe irrigation(SI); 2.5% NaOCl + SI; 5% NaOCl + SI; positive and negative controls. Bacterial survivors were counted and specimens visualized under scanning electron and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Treatments with 0.5% NaOCl + Er,Cr:YSGG and 2.5% NaOCl + SI gave a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mm<sup>2</sup>. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging confirmed and reinforced bacteriological data. Thus, Er,Cr:YSGG LAI proved to be able to improve the intracanal distribution of 0.5% NaOCl after 60 s of activation, reaching the same level of effectiveness than 2.5% NaOCl. This is regarded as of clinical interest, since working with lower concentrations may contribute to reduce undesired effects.
Functionality of Alternative Splice Forms of the First Enzymes Involved in Human Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis (2002)

In humans, genetic deficiencies of enzymes involved in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis trigger an autosomal recessive and usually fatal disease with severe mostly neurological symptoms. In each of the three biosynthesis steps, at least two proteins or domains are linked for catalysis. For steps 1 and 2, bicistronic mocs (molybdenum cofactor synthesis) mRNAs were found (mocs1 and mocs2) that have been proposed to encode two separate proteins (A and B). In both cases, the A proteins share a highly conserved ubiquitin-like double glycine motif, which is functionally important at least for the small subunit of molybdopterin (MPT) synthase (MOCS2A). Besides the bicistronic form of mocs1, two alternative splice transcripts were found, resulting in the expression of multidomain proteins embodying both MOCS1A, but without the double glycine motif, and the entire MOCS1B. Here we describe the first functional characterization of the human proteins MOCS1A and MOCS1B as well as the MOCS1A-MOCS1B fusion proteins that catalyze the formation of precursor Z, a 6-alkyl pterin with a cyclic phosphate, the immediate precursor of MPT in molybdenum cofactor biosynthesis. High level expression of MOCS1A and MOCS1B in Escherichia coli resulted in the formation and accumulation of precursor Z that was subsequently converted to MPT. We showed that for catalytic activity MOCS1A needs an accessible C-terminal double glycine motif. In the MOCS1A-MOCS1B fusion proteins lacking the MOCS1A double glycines, only MOCS1B activity could be detected. No evidence was found for an expression of MOCS1B from the bicistronic mocs1A-mocs1B splice type I cDNA, indicating that MOCS1B is only expressed as a fusion to an inactive MOCS1A. Comparative mutational studies of MOCS1A and the small subunit of the E. coli MPT synthase (MoaD) indicate a different function of the double glycine motifs in both proteins.
Two-level partitioning algorithm with stable performance (1994)

By using the concept of 'divide-and-conquer' the complexity of a large problem can be reduced efficiently. Therefore, logic partitioning plays an important role in many aspects of VLSI design. The ratio cut objective function has attracted much attention because it coordinates the two traditional goals of logic partitioning, mincut and equipartition, automatically. How to reduce the total trials needed to run and maintain the quality of solutions is very important to the iterative improvement-based partitioning algorithms. In this paper we present a ratio cut partitioning algorithm which provides stable results without executing the algorithm over many trials. The proposed algorithm also employs a preprocessing circuit-clustering procedure to improve the performance. Our partitioning heuristics were tested on some industry benchmark suites. Good experimental results, which are better than those obtained by RCut1.0 and EIG1-IG algorithms, have been observed.
(Arene)ruthenium Complexes with Imidazolin‐2‐imine and Imidazolidin‐2‐imine Ligands (2014)

Abstract Imidazolin‐2‐imine and imidazolidin‐2‐imine ligands are versatile N donors in transition metal chemistry. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of (arene)Ru complexes with these ligands. Simple adducts of the type [( p‐ cymene)Ru(L)Cl 2 ] (L = 1,3‐diarylimidazolin‐2‐imine or 1,3‐dimesitylimidalzolidin‐2‐imine) can be converted into complexes in which the imines act as π ligands with tethered imine groups. Furthermore, the high basicity of the N donor group can promote self‐activation of the (arene)Ru complexes.
VLSI architectures for Viterbi decoding (1990)

The computational complexity of the Viterbi algorithm and its storage requirements are proportional to the number of states in the underlying model. Unfortunately the number of states grows exponentially as the number of transmitted symbols influencing a received symbol is increased and hence the algorithm soon becomes impractical using conventional implementation methods. The paper describes three VLSI architectures for performing the Viterbi algorithm and discusses their relative merits. The authors' interest in studying architectures is to find solutions which result in small silicon areas and low power consumption. Where these two goals cannot be satisfied together they have concentrated on achieving lower power. They feel this is justified since future advances in VLSI technology will reduce device area more than they will reduce power consumption. In addition the rate of advance in VLSI technology is greater than the rate of advance in battery technology which might otherwise obviate the need for low power consumption.
Synthesis and Curing Behaviors of Cross-Linkable Polynaphthols from Renewable Resources:  Preparation of Artificial Urushi (2004)

This paper describes the synthesis and curing of cross-linkable polynaphthols from renewable resources. Naphthol monomers bearing an unsaturated group from renewable triglyceride oils were designed and oxidatively polymerized to produce new cross-linkable precursor polymers. The monomers were prepared by acylation of hydroxynaphthoic acids with unsaturated alcohols, obtained by reduction of natural oils. The oxidative polymerization was carried out by Fe-salen catalyst to give soluble polynaphthols. NMR analysis showed that the naphthol moiety was chemoselectively reacted during the polymerization, yielding the polymers possessing the unsaturated group in the side chain. The resulting polymers were readily cured by thermal treatment or cobalt naphthenate catalyst to give the cross-linked film ("artificial urushi") with high hardness and gloss surface.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Study of Sulfobetaine/Quaternary Ammonium-Modified Star-Shaped Poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-Based Copolymers with an Inorganic Core (2016)

Cationic polymethacrylates are interesting candidates for bacterial disinfectants since they can be made in large-scale by various well-established polymerization techniques such as atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). However, they are usually toxic or ineffective in serum and various strategies to improve their biocompatibility or nonfouling property have often resulted in compromised bactericidal activity. Also, star-shaped polymers are less explored than linear polymers for application as antibacterial compounds. In this paper, star polymers with poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMA) as the arms and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) as the core (POSS-g-PDMA) were successfully synthesized by ATRP. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of the synthesized POSS-g-PDMA are in the range of 10-20 μg/mL. POSS-g-PDMA was further modified by various hydrophilization strategies in attempting to reduce hemolysis. With quaternization of POSS-g-PDMA, the antibacterial activities of the obtained quaternary polymers are almost unchanged and the copolymers become relatively nonhemolytic. We also copolymerized sulfobetaine (SB) with POSS-g-PDMA to obtain random and block PDMA-co-PSB arm structures, where the PDMA and poly(sulfobetaine) were the cationic and zwitterionic blocks, respectively. The random cationic-zwitterionic POSS-g-(PDMA-r-PSB) copolymers showed poor antibacterial activity, while the block POSS-g-(PDMA-b-PSB) copolymers retained the antibacterial and hemolytic activity of the pristine POSS-g-PDMA. Further, the block copolymers of POSS-g-(PDMA-b-PSB) showed enhanced antifouling property and serum stability as seen by their nanoparticle size stability in the presence of serum and reduced red blood cell aggregation; the POSS-g-(PDMA-b-PSB) also somewhat retained its MIC in blood unlike the quaternized or random zwitterionic copolymers. The antibacterial kinetics study showed that Escherichia coli can be killed within 30 min by both random and block copolymers of POSS-g-(PDMA-co-PSB). Finally, our POSS star polymers showed low toxicity to zebrafish embryo and could be potentially used in aquaculture antibacterial applications.
Diamond optomechanical crystals (2016)

Cavity-optomechanical systems realized in single-crystal diamond are poised to benefit from its extraordinary material properties, including low mechanical dissipation and wide optical transparency window. Diamond is also rich in optically active defects, such as the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center, which behave as atom-like systems in the solid state. Predictions and observations of coherent coupling of the NV electronic spin to phonons via lattice strain has motivated the development of diamond nanomechanical devices aimed at realization of hybrid quantum systems, in which phonons provide an interface with diamond spins. In this work, we demonstrate a device platform to enable such applications: diamond optomechanical crystals (OMCs), where the co-localization of ~ 200 THz photons and ~ 6 GHz phonons in a quasi-periodic diamond nanostructure leads to coupling of an optical cavity field to a mechanical mode via the radiation pressure of light. In contrast to other material systems, diamond OMCs operating in the resolved sideband regime possess large intracavity photon capacity (> 105) and sufficient optomechanical coupling rate to exceed a cooperativity of ~ 1 at room temperature and realize large amplitude optomechanical self-oscillations. Strain-mediated coupling of the high frequency (~ GHz) mechanical modes of these devices to the electronic and spin levels of diamond color centers has the potential to reach the strong spin-phonon coupling regime, and enable a coherent interface with diamond qubits for applications in quantum-nonlinear optomechanics.
Bioactive Polymers (1997)

Tissue engineering, which includes the development of replacements for damaged or diseased tissues and organs, is a rapidly growing new field that draws upon the expertise of chemists, chemical engineers, and materials scientists in addition to biologists and physicians. Polymeric biomaterials have played an important role thus far in tissue engineering and hold great promise for future applications. Some of the uses of polymeric biomaterials in tissue engineering have included immunoprotective membranes for cell transplantation (Pathak et al, 1992; Sefton et al, 1987) and scaffolds to support and guide tissue growth (Cima et al, 1990; Freed et al, 1994; Mooney et al, 1995).
Human Ecology (1981)

The major current issues in theory and research concerning urban phenomena are considered before dealing with the general problems occupying ecologists at this tiem. Attention is directed to the urban community (spatial pattern population density the gravity model dominance and the urban hierarchy hierarchy and the division of labor dominance and power) system-environment interaction (population ecology evolution and organizational ecology expansion and the spatial pattern expansion and population distribution expansion and technology the world system) and ecology and institutional convergence. The revival of interest in the urban spatial pattern has resulted in a resurrection of the concept of the natural area but under the rubric segregation. The index of dissimilarity of distribution and changes of distribution over census tracts has been applied to both race and ethnicity. The distribution of population in the urban place may be treated more abstractly as density or number of people per unit of area. Voluminous research literature has accumulated around the issue of the meaning of density for a community. From an ecological perspective the important issue is the effect of density for the functioning of the communal system. The marked convergence of the 2 macro-level approaches in sociology -- ecological and institutional -- is apparent and most visible in the similarity of phenomena selected for study. These include the structure of organization and of interorganizational relations; urbanization and its relation to societal properties; and hierarchy in roles organizations and cities.
Separation of Sulphur Isotopes by Physicochemical Methods (1983)

Recent work on the separation of sulphur isotopes by distillation, chemical exchange, and isotope exchange methods is reviewed, and the characteristics of both laboratory and industrial apparatus for the separation of sulphur isotopes are tabulated. The direction of further developments is discussed with emphasis on a more rational organisation of the work and on the scientifically most promising approaches. 138 references.
Immunity to Influenza A H9N2 Viruses Induced by Infection and Vaccination (2001)

Avian influenza A H9N2 viruses are widespread among domestic poultry and were recently isolated from humans with respiratory illness in China. Two antigenically and genetically distinct groups of H9N2 viruses (G1 and G9) are prevalent in China. To evaluate a strategy for vaccination, we compared G1 and G9 viruses for their relative immunogenicity and cross-protective efficacy. Infection of BALB/c mice with representative viruses of either group protected against subsequent challenge with the homologous or heterologous H9N2 virus in the absence of detectable cross-reactive serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody. Mice injected intramuscularly with inactivated G1 whole virus vaccine were completely protected from challenge with either H9N2 virus. In contrast, mice administered inactivated G9 vaccine were only partially protected against heterologous challenge with the G1 virus. These results have implications for the development of human vaccines against H9N2 viruses, a priority for pandemic preparedness.
Ion-selective electrodes with liquid membranes (1983)

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Linear and quadratic objective function effects on force directed method based analog placement (2002)

This paper advocates the use of linear objective function in analytic analog placement. The role of linear and quadratic objective functions in the behavior and results of an analog placement algorithm based on the force directed method is discussed. Experimental results for a MCNC benchmark circuit and another one from text books are shown to demonstrate the effect of a linear and quadratic objective function on the analog constraints satisfaction and CPU time. By introducing linear objective function to the algorithm, we obtain better placements in terms of analog constraint satisfaction and computation cost than in case of conventional quadratic objective function.
Surprises in sequential redundancy identification (1996)

This paper addresses some misconceptions about redundancy in synchronous sequential circuits. We provide examples to illustrate the differences between untestability and redundancy and discuss existing techniques to identify sequential redundancy. We show that some of these methods are based on incorrect theoretical results. Specifically, we show that untestable faults in balanced pipeline circuits are not necessarily redundant, and that a constant function (i.e. a signal that is always 0 or 1 after initialization) does not always indicate a redundancy. We also show that adding a global reset mechanism or retiming synchronous circuitry may introduce redundancies.
Challenges and Advances in the Treatment of AKI (2014)

Treating or preventing AKI requires treating or preventing a rise in serum creatinine as well as the immediate and remote clinical consequences associated with AKI. Because a substantial number of patients with AKI progress to ESRD, identifying patients likely to progress and halting progression are important goals for treating AKI. Many therapies for AKI are being developed, including RenalGuard Therapy, which aims to maintain high urine output; α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, with anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic activities; alkaline phosphatase, which detoxifies proinflammatory substances; novel, small interfering RNA, directed at p53 activation; THR-184, a peptide agonist of bone morphogenetic proteins; removal of catalytic iron, important in free-radical formation; and cell-based therapies, including mesenchymal stem cells in vivo and renal cell therapy in situ. In this review, we explore what treatment of AKI really means, discuss the emerging therapies, and examine the windows of opportunity for treating AKI. Finally, we provide suggestions for accelerating the pathways toward preventing and treating AKI, such as establishing an AKI network, implementing models of catalytic philanthropy, and directing a small percentage of the Medicare ESRD budget for developing therapies to prevent and treat AKI and halt progression of CKD.
Clonogenic Inactivation of Colon Cancer-derived Cells Treated with 5-Fluorouracil and Indomethacin in Hybrid Spheroids (1998)

The clonogenic hybrid spheroid assay has been used to determine the toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), alone or in combination with indomethacin, in LoVo cells (a human colon adenocarcinoma line). The principal finding was that 5-FU toxicity, determined as loss of colony-forming ability, increased as a function of dose (concentration x duration of exposure), and that indomethacin causes a generalized alleviation of 5-FU toxicity, but only if given concurrently with 5-FU. The implications of these findings in the control of cancer cells by 5-FU are discussed.