gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Confocal total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscopy with a high-aperture parabolic mirror lens (2003)

We present a theoretical study of a new total-internal-reflection fluorescence microscope for the detection of fluorescence at a water-glass interface. The system is designed for confocal imaging and spectroscopy of nanoparticles and single molecules. Focusing and fluorescence collection through standard glass coverslips is accomplished by a parabolic mirror lens. The large aperture of the element is used to excite fluorescence within the evanescent field of a diffraction-limited focus and to collect focal emission with high efficiency. Tight focusing and supercritical excitation reduce the detection volume for fluorescent analyte molecules well below that of an attoliter (10(-18) L), which can be advantageous for monitoring surface binding of single molecules without interference from fluorescence of the unbound bulk. Calculations of the electric fields in the focus region and simulated confocal imaging demonstrate the performance of the system.
Fumaflorine, a New 1-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid from Fumaria densiflora (1997)

+&XI -Fumaflorine (I), a new 1-benzylisoquinoline alkaloid, was isolated from the aerial parts of Fumaria demifora.Its structure was determined by spectroscopic methods.About 40 species belong to the genus Fuwaria (Fumariaceae).'The plants of this genus are used mainly in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal disorders and certain skin diseases.Funloria densiji'ora DC, is an annual plant indigenous to southeast Europe and the Middle East.Previously, we have reported the isolation of adlumidiceine, coptisine, ctyptopine, densiflorine, palmatine, protopine, and sinactine from the aerial parts o f E deirsflora collected in ~ulgaria.'Continuing our phytochemical studies on this genus, we reinvestigated F. densifora of Bulgarian origin.The present paper deals with the isolation and structure elucidation of the new alkaloid fumaflorine (1).Fraction I, consisting of strongly polar alkaloids from F. de~ls~ji'ora, yielded (-)-N-methylstylopinium iodide, (+)-corytuberine hydroiodide, and the crystalline compound(l)(l7.7 mg) In the EIMS of 1, a weak molecular cation-radical ion at m/z 381 was found to lose 45 amu (COOH) giving a base peak at m/z 336 (C~HMNOI).The 'H-NMR spectrum (Table 1) contained two aromatic rnethoxy groups, one methylenedioxy group, two aromatic proton singlets, and two pairs of orlho-oriented protons (J,i,=5.5 and
Naloxone Has No Effect on Nitrous Oxide Anesthesia (1978)

We study the problem of minimizing the makespan on m parallel machines. We introduce a very large-scale neighborhood of exponential size (in the number of machines) that is based on a matching in a complete graph. The idea is to partition for every machine the set of assigned jobs into two sets by some fixed rule and then to reassign these 2m parts such that every machine gets exactly two parts. The split neighborhood consists of all possible reassignments of the parts and a best neighbor can be calculated in by determining a perfect matching with minimum maximal edge weight. \nWe examine local optima in the split neighborhood and in combined neighborhoods consisting of the split and other known neighborhoods and derive performance guarantees for these local optima. \nSupported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) grant 613.000.225 (Local Search with Exponential Neighborhoods) and by BSIK grant 03018 (BRICKS: Basic Research in Informatics for Creating the Knowledge Society).
CARs on the Highway: Chimeric Antigen Receptor Modified T Cells for the Adoptive Cell Therapy of Malignant Diseases (2017)

Adoptive therapy of malignant diseases by chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells takes advantage of the patient’s own immune system to recognize and destroy cancer cells. This is impressively demonstrated by the induction of complete and lasting remissions of leukemia with CAR-engineered T cells in early phase trials. Recent developments in optimizing the CAR design, in the recognition of target cells and the production of modified cells for clinical use, have paved the path for a broader application than currently explored. The chapter reviews the differences in CAR design, the success in the treatment of hematologic malignancies, the challenges in treating solid cancer, the treatment-related toxicities, and strategies to improve safety of CAR T cell therapy. Challenges for future applications are discussed.
Fast Fourier projection for MR angiography (1991)

We have developed a technique called fast Fourier projection which rapidly produces projections through images and is particularly useful for generating MR angiograms. Based on the projection-slice theorem of Fourier transform theory, this method extracts planes from three-dimensional spatial frequency space and computes projections at arbitrary viewing angles by two-dimensional inverse Fourier transformation. Typical computation times are on the order of 1 s per projection. This performance makes possible interactive selection of optimal projection directions for visualizing the desired vasculature in single or stereo-pair angiographic images and drastically reduces the time required to generate sequences of projections for display in movie loops compared to the conventional ray-casting approach. The method is easily implemented on off-line workstations or directly on MRI computer systems.
A novel multicolor hybridization scheme applied to localization of a transcribed sequence (D10S170/H4) and deletion mapping in the thyroid cancer cell line TPC-1 (1996)

The sequence-tagged site (STS) D10S170, also referred to as H4, is a gene of unknown function. Its 5' end was found fused to the catalytic domain of the RET protooncogene to generate RET/PTC 1, the most common form of PTC oncogenes in human papillary thyroid carcinoma. This gene has previously been assigned to a very large genomic region, 10q11.22-->q22.1. Here, we describe the application of a novel hybridization scheme to the physical and genetic mapping of D10S170. First, we selected a homologous large-insert DNA clone from a human P1 library by filter hybridization and confirmed its authenticity by Southern blot analysis. Triple-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments mapped this clone to l0q21.2-->q21.3. "Binning" experiments were performed using a quadruple-color FISH approach aimed toward placing the gene in a genetic interval defined by differentially labeled P1 DNA probes containing known polymorphic markers. We found that multicolor FISH greatly expedites chromosomal mapping. Finally, we applied our FISH approach to determine the extent of deletion involving this locus (D10S170) in a papillary thyroid cancer cell line, TPC-1.
Packaging of radiation and particle detectors (2006)

Packaging of semiconductor detector modules has been one of the most promising research projects at Fraunhofer IZM. The applications vary from X-ray detection for medical diagnostics to particle detection for fundamental physical research. Starting from feasibility studies a high yield manufacturing process has been established. In this paper the bumping and assembly technology of pixel detector modules is exemplified by the manufacturing of modules for the setup of the ATLAS pixel detector at the large hadron collider (LHC) at CERN, Geneva. The pixel contacts and the interconnection bumps are deposited by electroplating. Yield is one of the most important parameters for the implementation of multichip module (MCM) concepts. Therefore a high yield manufacturing technology requires consistent electrical test and optical inspection on wafer level as well as on chip level running in parallel to the production process. A total module yield of 98% for packaging of 1000 MCMs each having 16 flip-chips has been achieved. Further examples of pixel detectors packaged at Fraunhofer IZM are presented in this paper. These are complex particle detector prototypes with diamond sensor material and pixel detector modules for X-ray imaging. The different amount of readout chips assembled on one sensor substrate and the amount of modules for the assembly of the whole detector require different manufacture technologies from single chip processing up to processing on wafer level.
Spectral Characteristics of CdSe Quantum Dots (2006)

The absorption and emission spectra of the CdSe quantum dots about 3-nm diameter are measured. The peak value of the absorption cross-section is determined by Beer-Lambert law according to the concentration of the quantum dots in the toluene sample and the particle diameter.
Antiidiotypic vaccination against murine coronavirus infection (1991)

Rabbit polyclonal antiidiotypic antibodies were generated against a neutralizing mAb specific for a conformational epitope on the S glycoprotein of murine hepatitis virus, strain A59 (MHV-A59). These anti-Id were directed predominantly against an Id that was undetectable in rabbit and rat anti-MHV-A59 sera and weakly represented in syngeneic and allogeneic antiviral sera. However, some partial idiotypic sharing was observed between the Id-bearing antibody and a mAb with a similar antigenic site specificity. The anti-Id inhibited the virus-binding and neutralizing activities of the immunizing antibody, demonstrating that they recognize paratope-associated idiotopes. Mice immunized with affinity-purified anti-Id developed MHV-A59-specific antibodies that neutralized viral infectivity to high titers. Moreover, these animals survived an otherwise lethal challenge with viral murine hepatitis virus, unlike control mice immunized with normal rabbit Ig. These results indicate that at least a subpopulation of the polyclonal anti-Id could induce a protective immune response directed toward a biologically important MHV-A59 epitope, and demonstrate the feasibility of antiidiotypic vaccination against a coronavirus infection.
Education and social change in China: Inequality in a market economy (2007)

The article reviews the book "Education and Social Change in China: Inequality in a Market Economy," edited by Gerard Postiglione.
Distributed dual‐wavelength Sagnac impact sensor (1998)

A distributed fiber sensor is described to determine the location of disturbances along a length of optical fiber. The sensor constitutes two Sagnac interferometers: one with a position-dependent response to time-varying disturbances, and the other Sagnac with no position-dependent output. The signals are detected and converted to spatial information. Results obtained with a 200 m long sensor are discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 17: 170–173, 1998.
Identifying modifiable causes of fall-related injury: An analysis of U.S. Army safety data (2009)

Details on fall-related circumstances, a leading cause of occupational injury, are scarce. This study aimed to identify modifiable causes of falls using data from safety reports. Coded and narrative data on injured persons, event locations, and circumstances associated with falls sustained by U.S. Army personnel were obtained from safety reports dated September 1994-September 2002. Descriptive statistics are presented for injury outcomes and risk factors, with a focus on falls from elevation. On average, 59 fall-related injuries/100,000 person-years were reported. Higher rates occurred among whites, single persons, and 20-24 year-olds. Falls from elevation resulted in more severe outcomes, longer hospitalizations, and more lost work time compared to falls from the same level. Most falls from elevation occurred in training (32%) and housing (18%) areas. Leading causes included routine activities (e.g., walking, entering/exiting vehicles) (35%), physical training (12%), and sports (12%). Interventions to prevent falls from elevation in this population should focus on reducing risks from routine activities, specifically in training and housing areas. Safety reports provided details necessary for prioritizing and planning fall prevention efforts that are not available from other sources.
Search for appropriate experimental methods to create stable hind-limb ischemia in mouse. (2006)

The A-strip group in which the femoral artery from the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery to the saphenous artery was stripped appears to be suitable as a stable severe ischemia model. The A group in which the femoral artery were cut just below the bifurcation of the deep femoral artery appears to be suitable as a chronic mild ischemia model.
Synergistic effects of interferon-alpha in combination with chemoradiation on human pancreatic adenocarcinoma (2005)

In conclusion, IFN-alpha has direct cytotoxic effects, acts as a radiosensitizer and circumvents tumor cell-regrowth after CDDP treatment. These mechanisms may be responsible for the good clinical outcome of CapRI.
Photocatalyzed Surface Modification of Poly(dimethylsiloxane) with Polysaccharides and Assay of Their Protein Adsorption and Cytocompatibility (2010)

An improved approach for the surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), carboxymethyl beta-1,3-dextran (CMD), and alginic acid (AA) was investigated. The PDMS substrates were first oxidized in a H(2)SO(4)/H(2)O(2) solution to transform the Si-CH(3) groups on their surfaces into Si-OH groups. Then methacrylate groups were grafted onto the substrates through a silanization reaction using 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate. Sequentially, cysteamine was conjugated onto the silanized surfaces by the reaction between the thiol and methacrylate groups under 254 nm UV exposure. Afterward, the amino-terminated PDMS substrates were sequentially reacted with CMC, CMD, and AA in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide and 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]carbodiimide, resulting in the grafting of polysaccharides onto PDMS surfaces. The composition and chemical state of the modified surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In addition, the stability and dynamic characteristics of the polysaccharide-grafted PDMS substrates were investigated by XPS and temporal contact angle experiments. A protein adsorption assay using bovine serum albumin (BSA), chicken egg albumin, lysozyme, and RNase-A showed that the introduction of CMD and AA can reduce the adsorption of negatively charged BSA and chicken egg albumin, but increase the adsorption of the positively charged lysozyme and RNase-A. However, CMC-modified PDMS surfaces showed protein-repelling properties, regardless of whether the protein was positively or negatively charged. A cell culture and migration study of glioma C6, MKN-45, MCF-7, and HepG-2 cells revealed that the polysaccharide-modified PDMS greatly improved the cytocompatibility of native PDMS.
The SUMO Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9 Is Required for Inducing and Maintaining Stem Cell Pluripotency (2013)

Sumoylation adds a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) polypeptide to the ε-amino group of a lysine residue. Reminiscent of ubiquitination, sumoylation is catalyzed by an enzymatic cascade composed of E1, E2, and E3. For sumoylation, this cascade uses Ubc9 (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 9, now officially named ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2I [UBE2I]) as the sole E2 enzyme. Here, we report that expression of endogenous Ubc9 increases during reprogramming of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) into induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. In addition, this E2 enzyme is required for reprogramming as its suppression dramatically inhibits iPS cell induction. While Ubc9 knockdown does not affect survival of MEFs and immortalized fibroblasts, Ubc9 is essential for embryonic stem cell (ESC) survival. In addition, we have found that Ubc9 knockdown stimulates apoptosis in ESCs but not in MEFs. Furthermore, the knockdown decreases the expression of the well-known pluripotency marker Nanog and the classical reprogramming factors Klf4, Oct4, and Sox2 in ESCs. Together, these observations indicate that while dispensable for fibroblast survival, the sole SUMO E2 enzyme Ubc9 plays a critical role in reprogramming fibroblasts to iPS cells and maintaining ESC pluripotency.
‘Empty’ L<sup>d</sup> molecules capture peptides from endocytosed hepatitis B surface antigen particles for major histocompatibility complex class I‐restricted presentation (1996)

Peptides recognized by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the context of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules are usually derived from endogenous proteins synthesized within the cell. Exogenous 22-nm hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) particles are taken up by many cells, and are processed in a novel peptide-transporter-independent, endosomal or lysosomal pathway for class I (Ld)-restricted epitope presentation. Here, we present evidence that 'empty' Ld molecules derived from the cell surface are involved in presenting antigenic peptides from endocytosed HBsAg particles. Intracellular assembly of presentation-competent, trimeric Ld molecules required endocytosis of the exogenous antigen and 'empty' Ld molecules. These data assign a functional role to surface-associated, 'empty' MHC class I molecules.
Projection reconstruction MR imaging using FOCUSS (2007)

The focal underdetermined system solver (FOCUSS) was originally designed to obtain sparse solutions by successively solving quadratic optimization problems. This article adapts FOCUSS for a projection reconstruction MR imaging problem to obtain high resolution reconstructions from angular under-sampled radial k-space data. We show that FOCUSS is effective for projection reconstruction MRI, since medical images are usually sparse in some sense and the center region of the undersampled radial k-space samples still provides a low resolution, yet meaningful, image essential for the convergence of FOCUSS. The new algorithm is successfully applied for synthetic data as well as in vivo brain imaging obtained by under-sampled radial spin echo sequence.
Effects of 6-(.OMEGA.-substituted alkyl)-2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinones and related compounds on mitochondrial succinate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase systems. (1985)

2, 3-Dimethoxy-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinones having an ω-hydroxyalkyl or ω-aminoalkyl group at the 6-position were synthesized. The effects of these compounds and related compounds on the respiratory system of ubiquinone-depleted mitochondrial preparations were investigated. The compounds with an alkyl side chain of 10 to 13 carbon atoms showed rather high restoration activity on antimycin-sensitive succinate oxidation in acetone-treated beef heart mitochondria. This activity was correlated with their partition coefficients. Among these compounds, 6-(10-hydroxydecyl)-2, 3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1, 4-benzoquinone (V-10, idebenone) was selected for further testing to determine its effect on the respiratory system of injured canine brain mitochondrial preparation, because this compound showed prominent activity in the system described above. When V-10 was added to acetone-treated canine brain mitochondria (A-CBM), antimycin- and KCN-sensitive succinate oxidation were restored to the level observed in the freeze-stored canine brain mitochondria (CBM). V-10 also restored the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidation of pentane-treated canine brain mitochondria and submitochondrial particles (P-CBM and P-CBSM). Metabolites (I-4, I-10) of V-10 in human and animals showed no restoration activity in either respiratory enzyme system.
Intracavity fabrication of nanostructures on bulk materials (2002)

The analytical and experimental investigations describing the intracavity processing of different solid-sate materials (Al, Cr, Ge, Si) are presented. New designs of the laser cavity were explored to facilitate the fabrication of structures composed of a system of equidistant parallel 250 nm-sized grooves and periodic micro-dots on massive samples of metals and semiconductors, as well as micro-holes in thin film metallic samples.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain (2020)

Over the last 2 decades, affirmative diagnoses of osteoarthritis (OA) in the United States have tripled due to increasing rates of obesity and an aging population. Hemp-derived cannabidiol (CBD) is the major nontetrahydrocannabinol component of cannabis and has been promoted as a potential treatment for a wide variety of disparate inflammatory conditions. Here, we evaluated CBD for its ability to modulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in vitro and in murine models of induced inflammation and further validated the ability of a liposomal formulation to increase bioavailability in mice and in humans. Subsequently, the therapeutic potential of both naked and liposomally encapsulated CBD was explored in a 4-week, randomized placebo-controlled, double-blinded study in a spontaneous canine model of OA. In vitro and in mouse models, CBD significantly attenuated the production of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α while elevating levels of anti-inflammatory IL-10. In the veterinary study, CBD significantly decreased pain and increased mobility in a dose-dependent fashion among animals with an affirmative diagnosis of OA. Liposomal CBD (20 mg/day) was as effective as the highest dose of nonliposomal CBD (50 mg/day) in improving clinical outcomes. Hematocrit, comprehensive metabolic profile, and clinical chemistry indicated no significant detrimental impact of CBD administration over the 4-week analysis period. This study supports the safety and therapeutic potential of hemp-derived CBD for relieving arthritic pain and suggests follow-up investigations in humans are warranted.
T<scp>HE</scp>E<scp>VOLUTION OF</scp>C<scp>OLOR</scp>V<scp>ISION IN</scp>I<scp>NSECTS</scp> (2001)

We review the physiological, molecular, and neural mechanisms of insect color vision. Phylogenetic and molecular analyses reveal that the basic bauplan, UV-blue-green-trichromacy, appears to date back to the Devonian ancestor of all pterygote insects. There are variations on this theme, however. These concern the number of color receptor types, their differential expression across the retina, and their fine tuning along the wavelength scale. In a few cases (but not in many others), these differences can be linked to visual ecology. Other insects have virtually identical sets of color receptors despite strong differences in lifestyle. Instead of the adaptionism that has dominated visual ecology in the past, we propose that chance evolutionary processes, history, and constraints should be considered. In addition to phylogenetic analyses designed to explore these factors, we suggest quantifying variance between individuals and populations and using fitness measurements to test the adaptive value of traits identified in insect color vision systems.