gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endotoxin Activation of Macrophages Does Not Induce ATP Release and Autocrine Stimulation of P2 Nucleotide Receptors (2000)

Receptors for extracellular nucleotides (P2, or purinergic receptors) have previously been implicated in the transduction of endotoxin signaling in macrophages. The most compelling evidence has been the observation that inhibitors of ionotropic nucleotide (P2X) receptors, including periodate-oxidized ATP (oATP), attenuate a subset of endotoxin-induced effects such as activation of NF-kappaB and up-regulation of inducible NO synthase. We investigated whether endotoxin induces ATP release from a murine macrophage cell line (BAC1.2F5) using sensitive on-line assays for extracellular ATP. These cells constitutively released ATP, producing steady-state extracellular concentrations of approximately 1 nM when assayed as monolayers of 10(6) adherent cells bathed in 1 ml of medium. However, the macrophages did not release additional ATP during either acute or prolonged endotoxin stimulation. In addition, cellular ecto-ATPase activities were measured following prolonged endotoxin activation and were found not to be significantly altered. Although oATP treatment significantly attenuated the endotoxin-induced production of NO, this inhibitory effect was not reproduced when the cells were coincubated with apyrase, a highly effective ATP scavenger. These results indicate that activation of macrophages by endotoxin does not induce autocrine stimulation of P2 nucleotide receptors by endogenous ATP released to extracellular compartments. Moreover, the data suggest that the ability of oATP to interfere with endotoxin signaling is due to its interaction with molecular species other than ATP-binding P2 receptors.
An Alternative Route to NbS<sub>2</sub> Nanotubes (2002)

Novel composite nanotubes, consisting of NbS2-sheathed carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been generated successfully employing carbon nanotube template-promoted growth. Detailed experimental procedures, and the associated intermediate oxide phases during NbS2 conversion, have been evaluated using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, coupled with EDX analysis. Our results show that CNTs act as templates and that the uniform well-crystallized NbS2 nanotubes are produced from unevenly wrapped NbO2. A multi-point nuclei site growth mechanism has been proposed to account for nanotube formation.
Prevnar 13, the New 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (2011)

Based on published immunogenicity and safety data, as well as the recent recommendations by the ACIP for routine use in infants and indications for high-risk pediatric patients, PCV13 is a revised formulation of pneumococcal vaccine that should be included on pharmacy formularies.
A Picture of Bankruptcy: Through the Lens of Kodak (2012)

Bankruptcy is one of the most complex areas of the law. It is this complexity that leads to a lack of common knowledge regarding what bankruptcy is, how it works, and why it is used. This paper provides an overview of the complex steps involved in filing a petition for Chapter 11 bankruptcy. A case study is used to illustrate the process. In 2011, Kodak, an iconic brand that is recognized in nearly every country around the world, filed for bankruptcy. The paper provides a brief history of the company and its many innovations as well as a description of the company’s efforts to reduce liabilities, restructure and regain profitability.
Design and Development of a Series-configuration Mazzilli Zero Voltage Switching Flyback Converter as a High-voltage Power Supply for Needleless Electrospinning (2017)

Nanofiber is one-dimensional material that has broad application. It can be formed by applying a high-voltage source to a polymer solution so that the polymer solution becomes charged. Usingthe high electric field, the charged polymer solution is formed as a Taylor cone and then drawn to the collector to form long, nanoscale fibers. This method is known as electrospinning. There are two types of electrospinning method; they are needle and needleless electrospinning. The latter is intended for mass production nanofibers because it can make tens to hundreds ofjets at a time. Therefore, the high-voltage source required for the needleless electrospinning process must have a higher voltage and current compared to those for the needle one. Accordingly, the high voltage power supply using a series-configuration Mazzilli ZVS flyback converter was designed and developed. The Mazzilli flyback converter was able to generate a high voltage with relatively high power. Two converters were connected in series to achieve more output voltage. The output voltage was adjusted by changing the input voltage. The single converter could generate a high voltage up to 34kV whereas the series-configuration converter could increase the voltage by 98.41% to be 67kV. The output voltage of converter was relatively stable and good enough to perform nanofibers synthesis using the needleless electrospinning. Visual observation confirmed that the nanofibers were formed well on the collector.
The Thermophone as a Source of Sound in Liquid Helium and Liquid Hydrogen (1947)

Although the thermophone effect, the generation of sound waves by a varying heat source, has long been known in gases and has proved to be useful in a precision sound source for calibrating microphones, no mention of its use in liquids has come to our attention. In some recent experiments, described in this paper, we have observed this effect in liquid helium I and liquid hydrogen. Suggestions are made for its use as a simple sound source for audiofrequency velocity and absorption measurements in these liquids.
Noninvasive optical characterization of hydrogels (1996)

Abstract This paper presents results based on concentration quenching of fluorescence polarization (cqfp), which demonstrate the feasibility of using cqfp to measure changes in hydrogel‐membrane hydration. This is accomplished by binding fluorescent molecules to the hydrogel matrix, and showing that the fluorescence polarization is a monotonic function of fluorophore concentration. Films based on crosslinked 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate containing lissamine side groups (10 −4 ‐10 −7 mol/l) were mounted in a special cell which provided an aqueous environment, and in which polarized fluorescence could be measured. An argon‐ion laser provided polarized excitation at 488nm, and the polarized fluorescent emission was detected. The correlation between the fluorescence polarization and the bound dye concentration was found to correspond to the theoretically expected behavior.
Loch Leven (1887)

Journal Article Loch Leven Get access Herbert Maxwell Herbert Maxwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s7-III, Issue 61, 26 February 1887, Pages 177–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s7-III.61.177g Published: 26 February 1887
Isolation of influenza virus in human lung embryonated fibroblast cells (MRC-5) from clinical samples (1995)

Ninety-four pharyngeal swab samples corresponding to 94 patients with suspected influenza virus infection were inoculated in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, the conventional cell system for the isolation of influenza virus, and in fibroblastic human embryo lung (MRC-5) cells, a cell system less commonly used for this purpose but one frequently used in clinical virology laboratories. Both cell preparations were treated with trypsin. Influenza virus was recovered from 15% of the samples inoculated in MDCK cells and from 18% of those inoculated in MRC-5 cells. The use of MRC-5 cells can simplify the search for respiratory viruses and would assist in the rapid detection of influenza virus during new epidemics.
An efficient HRTF model for 3-D sound (2002)

A simple model is presented for synthesizing binaural sound from a monaural source. The model produces vertical as well as horizontal and externalization effects. The simplicity of the model permits efficient implementation, allowing for real-time multisource operation. Additionally, the parameters in the model can be adjusted to fit a particular individual's characteristics.
Industrial utilization of C<sub>21</sub> dicarboxylic acid (1975)

Abstract Interest in polyfunctional materials has increased steadily in recent years as polymer systems have become more prevalent in our society. One of the more unique and versatile of these products has only recently become commercially available, 5(6)‐carboxy‐4‐hexyl‐2‐cyclohexene‐1‐octanoic acid. This C 21 dicarboxylic acid not only has the expected ability to be incorporated into polymers for modification of the system, but it also has very unique surfactant properties. The sodium, potassium, and ammonium salts of this C 21 dicarboxylic acid are unusually soluble in water, and the water solutions maintain relatively low viscosities even at high concentrations. The mono substituted derivatives of the C 21 dicarboxylic acid are prepared easily, and they provide unique properties for a variety of end uses. This paper illustrates the potential industrial applications for the dibasic acid and some of its derivatives in ink resins; adhesives; coatings; lubricants; plasticizers; corrosion inhibitors; synthetic coolants; emulsions; temporary coatings; floor polishes; and industrial, household, and institutional cleaners.
Evidence for nuclear internalization of exogenous DNA into mammalian sperm cells (1993)

Mature sperm cells have the spontaneous capacity to take up exogenous DNA. Such DNA specifically interacts with the subacrosomal segment of the sperm head corresponding to the nuclear area. Part of the sperm-bound foreign DNA is further internalized into nuclei. Using end-labelled plasmid DNA we have found that 15-22% of the total sperm bound DNA is associated with nuclei as determined on isolated nuclei. On the basis of autoradiographic analysis, nuclear permeability to exogenous DNA seems to be a wide phenomenon involving the majority of the sperm nuclei. In fact, the foreign DNA, incubated with sperm cells for different lengths of time, is found in 45% (10 min) to 65% (2 hr) of the sperm nuclei. Ultrastructural autoradiography on thin sections of mammalian spermatozoa, preincubated with end-labelled plasmid DNA, shows that the exogenous DNA is internalized into the nucleus. This conclusion is further supported by ultrastructural autoradiographic analysis on thin sections of nuclei isolated from spermatozoa preincubated with end-labelled DNA.
Growth of L Cell Suspensions on a Warburg Apparatus. (1963)

A study was made of the growth of suspension cultures of L cells when agitated by a Warburg apparatus through use of specially designed holders for the culture flasks. The basal medium was supplemented with certain compounds as protectants for the cells. Logarithmic growth curves were obtained with serum-free and serum-containing cultures. Good reproducibility of growth curves of replicate cultures was obtained. Certain advantages for growing suspension cultures were realized.
Computing two-dimensional Delaunay triangulation using graphics hardware (2008)

10.1145/1342250.1342264
Assembly of an Interactive Correlation Network for the Arabidopsis Genome Using a Novel Heuristic Clustering Algorithm  (2009)

A vital quest in biology is comprehensible visualization and interpretation of correlation relationships on a genome scale. Such relationships may be represented in the form of networks, which usually require disassembly into smaller manageable units, or clusters, to facilitate interpretation. Several graph-clustering algorithms that may be used to visualize biological networks are available. However, only some of these support weighted edges, and none provides good control of cluster sizes, which is crucial for comprehensible visualization of large networks. We constructed an interactive coexpression network for the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome using a novel Heuristic Cluster Chiseling Algorithm (HCCA) that supports weighted edges and that may control average cluster sizes. Comparative clustering analyses demonstrated that the HCCA performed as well as, or better than, the commonly used Markov, MCODE, and k-means clustering algorithms. We mapped MapMan ontology terms onto coexpressed node vicinities of the network, which revealed transcriptional organization of previously unrelated cellular processes. We further explored the predictive power of this network through mutant analyses and identified six new genes that are essential to plant growth. We show that the HCCA-partitioned network constitutes an ideal "cartographic" platform for visualization of correlation networks. This approach rapidly provides network partitions with relative uniform cluster sizes on a genome-scale level and may thus be used for correlation network layouts also for other species.
Generation of L-[2-2H, 2-13C]lactic acid by erythrocytes exposed to D-[2-13C]glucose in the presence of 2H2O (1993)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Chemical Conjugation of Linear and Cyclic RGD Moieties to a Recombinant Elastin‐Mimetic Polypeptide ‐ A Versatile Approach towards Bioactive Protein Hydrogels (2008)

An elastin-mimetic polypeptide, (EMM)(7), with the amino-acid sequence GRDPSS [VPGVG VPGKG VPGVG VPGVG VPGEG VPGIG](7) was used for chemical conjugation of various integrin ligands (RGD peptides) to prepare bioactive hydrogels. The chemical approach involved (1) chemical protection of lysine residues with Fmoc or Boc groups, (2) chemical ligation of a protected linear or cyclic RGD ligand, with or without a hexanoic-acid spacer to the glutamic acid residue, (3) deprotection of the lysine functionalities and the RGD moieties and (4) cross-linking to form a bioactive hydrogel. (1)H NMR spectroscopy was used to quantify the multiple steps in the reaction. The chemical protection was found to be between 65 and 93% for Fmoc and Boc, respectively. The ligands studied included linear RGD cell-binding [H-FGRGDS-OH (1-l-RGD), H-Ahx--FGRGDS-OH (2-Ahx-FGRGDS) and a cyclic -H(2)N-(CH(2))(6)COHN-cyclo(-RGDfK-) (H-Ahx-c(-RGDfK-)) peptide also with a hexanoic-acid spacer. Cell adhesion with mouse osteoblast cells was dependent on the ligand type, ligand density and the use of a spacer.
Cyclic Diguanylate Regulates <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Virulence Gene Expression (2005)

The cyclic dinucleotide second messenger cyclic diguanylate (c-diGMP) has been implicated in regulation of cell surface properties in several bacterial species, including Vibrio cholerae. Expression of genes required for V. cholerae biofilm formation is activated by an increased intracellular c-diGMP concentration. The response regulator VieA, which contains a domain responsible for degradation of c-diGMP, is required to maintain a low concentration of c-diGMP and repress biofilm formation. The VieSAB three-component signal transduction system was, however, originally identified as a regulator of ctxAB, the genes encoding cholera toxin (CT). Here we show that the c-diGMP phosphodiesterase activity of VieA is required to enhance CT production. This regulation occurred at the transcriptional level, and ectopically altering the c-diGMP concentration by expression of diguanylate cyclase or phosphodiesterase enzymes also affected ctxAB transcription. The c-diGMP phosphodiesterase activity of VieA was also required for maximal transcription toxT but did not influence the activity of ToxR or expression of TcpP. Finally, a single amino acid substitution in VieA that increases the intracellular c-diGMP concentration led to attenuation in the infant mouse model of cholera. Since virulence genes including toxT and ctxA are repressed by a high concentration of c-diGMP, while biofilm genes are activated, we suggest that c-diGMP signaling is important for the transition of V. cholerae from the environment to the host.
Inhibition of c-<i>myc</i> Expression Induces Apoptosis of WEHI 231 Murine B Cells (1996)

Treatment of WEHI 231 immature B-lymphoma cells with an antibody against their surface immunoglobulin (anti-Ig) induces apoptosis and has been studied extensively as a model of B-cell tolerance. Anti-Ig treatment of exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells results in an early transient increase in c-myc expression that is followed by a decline to below basal levels; this decrease in c-myc expression immediately precedes the induction of cell death. Here we have modulated NF-kappaB/Rel factor activity, which regulates the rate of c-myc gene transcription, to determine whether the increase or decrease in c-Myc-levels mediates apoptosis in WEHI 231 cells. Addition of the serine/threonine protease inhibitor N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK), which blocks the normally rapid turnover of the specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB/Rel IkappaBalpha in these cells, caused a drop in Rel-related factor binding. TPCK treatment resulted in decreased c-myc expression, preventing the usual increase seen following anti-Ig treatment. Whereas inhibition of the induction of c-myc expression mediated by anti-Ig failed to block apoptosis, reduction of c-myc expression in exponentially growing WEHI 231 cells induced apoptosis even in the absence of anti-Ig treatment. In WEHI 231 clones ectopically expressing c-Myc, apoptosis induced by treatment with TPCK or anti-Ig was significantly diminished and cells continued to proliferate. Furthermore, apoptosis of WEHI 231 cells ensued following enhanced expression of Mad1, which has been found to reduce functional c-Myc levels. These results indicate that the decline in c-myc expression resulting from the drop in NF-kappaB/Rel binding leads to activation of apoptosis of WEHI 231 B cells.
An eight channel transmit system for Transmit SENSE at 3T (2011)

The use of high-field MRI has introduced problems with full wave effects. Complex RF transmit pulses show promise as a viable solution to these problems. These RF pulses have driven a need for multi-channel transmit systems that are useable with techniques like Transmit SENSE. We have constructed an eight channel parallel transmit system that meets the requirements to be used for Transmit SENSE. Additionally, the system can be easily integrated with an existing MRI system. A vector modulation system allows all channels to be fully modulated in both phase and amplitude. The output amplifier stage uses a RF current source architecture. When combined with a series resonated coil this provides a significant degree of isolation between array elements. We were able to use an eight channel loop array coil with this system to obtain reasonably independent sensitivity maps. From these it was possible to construct a uniform excitation, and conduct more complex RF pulse design experiments.
Effect of temperature on the activity and synthesis of glucose-catabolizing enzymes in <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (1975)

The activity of the enzymes of the oxidative non-phosphorylated pathway, glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases, were not significantly affected by changes in the assay temperature. Both enzymes demonstrated only a threefold difference in activity when compared at assay temperatures of 30 degrees C and 5 degrees C. In contrast, the enzymes involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of glucose or its oxidation products, gluconate and 2-ketogluconate, exhibited a more pronounced response to decreasing assay temperatures. At least one enzyme in each pathway, involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of glucose or 2-ketogluconate (2KG), demonstrated an eightfold decrease in activity with a decrease in assay temperature from 30 degrees C to 5 degrees C. A similar decrease in assay temperature resulted in a fivefold decrease in activity of the enzymes involved in the direct phosphorylation and catabolism of gluconate. The observed differential effect of temperature on the activity of the enzymes of glucose catabolism and on the accumulation of direct oxidation products during growth with glucose in P. fluorescens E-20 is discussed. Growth with glucose at 5 or 20 degrees C resulted in high induced levels of all glucose-catabolizing enzymes examined when compared with the levels of these same enzymes in pyruvate-grown cells. However, only low levels of glucose dehydrogenase were detected during growth at 30 degrees C with glucose, gluconate, or 2-KG. Similarly, only low levels of gluconate dehydrogenase were detected during growth with glucose at 30 degrees C, although a weak induction was observed during growth with gluconate or 2-KG at 30 degrees C. The levels of 2-KG kinase plus KPG reductase during growth at 30 degrees C were undetectable with glucose, weakly induced with gluconate, and fully induced with 2-KG. High induced levels of glucose dehydrogenase, gluconate dehydrogenase, and 2-KG kinase plus KPG reductase were present during growth at 20 degrees C with glucose or 2-KG. The low levels of glucose and gluconate dehydrogenases present at a growth temperature of 30 degrees C was not due to heat lability of the enzymes at this temperature. The low amounts of these two enzymes during growth with glucose at 30 degrees C probably prevented sufficient inducer(s) formation from glucose to allow induction of enzymes of 2-KG catabolism. The results demonstrated that temperature may regulate the pathways of glucose dissimilation by regulating, either directly or indirectly, the activity and synthesis of the enzymes involved in these pathways.
Porous silicon ring resonator for compact, high sensitivity biosensing applications (2015)

A ring resonator is patterned on a porous silicon slab waveguide to produce a compact, high quality factor biosensor with a large internal surface area available for enhanced recognition of biological and chemical molecules. The porous nature of the ring resonator allows molecules to directly interact with the guided mode. Quality factors near 10,000 were measured for porous silicon ring resonators with a radius of 25 μm. A bulk detection sensitivity of 380 nm/RIU was measured upon exposure to salt water solutions. Specific detection of nucleic acid molecules was demonstrated with a surface detection sensitivity of 4 pm/nM.
Colonoscopy. (1973)

In the three years since fibreoptic colonoscopes became generally available there have been a number of reportsl-12 and reviewsl3-14 describing the clinical value of colonoscopy. The technical difficulties and time involved in the procedure, the initial expense of the instruments, and the need for x-ray facilities have discouraged many centres from becoming involved in colono- scopy. Colonoscopy and biopsy has, however, been shown to be more accurate in diagnosis than barium enema89, ,12 and to remove the need for laparotomy in many cases; colonoscopic polypectomy15,61617p18p1 is now a practicable alternative to abdominal operation. It has therefore become mandatory on economic as well as clinical grounds that colonoscopy should be generally available, but because some technical difficulties remain it is also important that its indications, limitations, and relationship to radiological methods are understood.