gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SUBSENSITIVITY TO CHOLINOCEPTOR STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN IRIS SPHINCTER <i>in situ</i> FOLLOWING ACUTE AND CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF CHOLINOMIMETIC MIOTIC DRUGS (1980)

1 Maximal pupillary miosis was obtained with single topical applications of 4 cholinomimetic drugs in therapeutic concentrations to normal human subjects. 2 When the pupil had recovered from the miosis, there remained a reduced light reflex response of 22.7% at 24 h after aceclidine, 18.0% at 31 h after pilocarpine, 10.3% at 48 h after physostigmine and 4.9% at 7 h after arecoline. 3 This reduced sensitivity to light was accompanied by an overshoot of the resting pupil diameter and, after aceclidine miosis, a reduced response to a second application of miotic. 4 Similar findings were observed in glaucoma patients following withdrawal of chronic pilocarpine therapy. 5 It is suggested that the slowly reversible after-effects of acute and chronic administration of cholinomimetic miotics can be explained by desensitization of iris sphincter cholinoceptors.
The pulse sorting transform (1990)

A modification of conventional Fourier transforms is presented. This modification is called the pulse sorting transform (PST) and is useful in extracting information from signals comprised of interleaved pulse trains. A brief derivation of the PST from the conventional transform is presented, followed by theorems that describe the PST's properties. Several examples of how the PST can be an effective tool in digital signal processing are presented. The examples demonstrate how the PST extracts phase information from interleaved pulse trains.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tunable high-efficiency microwave frequency shifting of infrared lasers (1978)

By using the linear electro-optic effect in CdTe to mix a 10.6-μm laser output with a pulsed (1–4-μsec duration) microwave field produced by a magnetron, the laser’s output was shifted by 16 GHz with ≈ 27% conversion efficiency. By mechanically adjusting the microwave structure containing the CdTe and using a frequency-swept microwave source, the shift was demonstrated to be tunable from 13.9 to 17.0 GHz.
Improved Code Summarization via a Graph Neural Network (2020)

Automatic source code summarization is the task of generating natural language descriptions for source code. Automatic code summarization is a rapidly expanding research area, especially as the community has taken greater advantage of advances in neural network and AI technologies. In general, source code summarization techniques use the source code as input and outputs a natural language description. Yet a strong consensus is developing that using structural information as input leads to improved performance. The first approaches to use structural information flattened the AST into a sequence. Recently, more complex approaches based on random AST paths or graph neural networks have improved on the models using flattened ASTs. However, the literature still does not describe the using a graph neural network together with source code sequence as separate inputs to a model. Therefore, in this paper, we present an approach that uses a graph-based neural architecture that better matches the default structure of the AST to generate these summaries. We evaluate our technique using a data set of 2.1 million Java method-comment pairs and show improvement over four baseline techniques, two from the software engineering literature, and two from machine learning literature.
Isolation and functional characterization of a cDNA coding a hydroxycinnamoyltransferase involved in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Cynara cardunculus L (2007)

The data support the predicted involvement of the Cynara cardunculus HCT in the biosynthesis of CGA before and/or after the hydroxylation step of hydroxycinnamoyl esters.
Filtration of aluminum alloys and its influence on mechanical properties and shape of eutectical silicium (2008)

Filtration during casting of high quality aluminum alloys belongs to main refining methods. Even when there are many years of experiences and experimental works on this subject, there are still some specific anomalies. While using ceramic filtration media during casting of aluminum alloys, almost in all experiments occurred increase of strength limit and atypical increase of extension. This anomaly was not explained with classical metallurgical methods, black-white contrast after surface etching neither with color surface etching. For that reason was used deep etching on REM. By using pressed ceramic filters, by studying morphology eutectical silicon was observed modification morphology of eutectical silicon, this explains increase extension after filtration. Pressed ceramic filters were used on experimental works. Casting was executed on hardenable alloy AlSi10MgMn.
Magnetic domains in rare-earth cobalt permanent magnets (1982)

The microstructure of two commercial 2:17 precipitation hardened rare-earth magnets has been examined and compared with the magnetic properties. Transmission electron microscope studies on Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Hf) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7.25</inf> , Hicorex 99C show a fine cellular microstructure with 2:17 rhombohedral cells surrounded by coherent 1:5 hexagonal cell boundaries. In Sm(Co,Fe,Cu,Zr) <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7.22</inf> , TDK REC-26 the cells are much coarser and 1:3 phase thin lamellae are superimposed on the cellular structure. X-ray energy dispersive analysis shows a higher Cu content in the cell boundaries. Lorentz electron microscopy shows "wavy" domain walls in both cases indicating that the domain walls are pinned at the cell boundaries. The higher Cu content of the cell boundaries dilutes the magnetic properties of the SmCo <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> phase and produces a large domain wall energy gradient across the cell boundary leading to the observed high coercivities.
Deleterious effects of lymphocytes at the early stage of neurodegeneration in an animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2011)

Compared with mSOD1/RAG2+/+ mice, mSOD1/RAG2-/- mice displayed delayed onset and increased M2 microglial activation at the early stage of disease. Thus, lymphocytes at the early pathological phase of ALS display a deleterious effect via inhibition of M2 microglial activation.
ChemInform Abstract: 1H‐AZEPINE: NMR ‐ SPECTROSCOPIC AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION (1981)

Abstract Der Carb‐ aminsäuresilylester (I) läßt sich bei ‐78°C innerhalb von 12 h mit CH 3 OH zur Säure (II) solvolysieren.
Comparison of flow patterns in ascending aortic aneurysms and volunteers using four‐dimensional magnetic resonance velocity mapping (2007)

Dilation of the ascending aorta skews normal flow in the ascending aorta, changing retrograde and helical flow patterns.
Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition Using Combinational Features (2010)

This paper presents a feature extraction method for hand gesture based on multi-layer perceptron. The feature of hand skin color in the YCbCr color space is used to detect hand gesture. The hand silhouette and features can be accurately extracted in means of binarizing the hand image and enhancing the contrast. Median and smoothing filters are integrated to remove the noise. Combinational parameters of Hu invariant moment, hand gesture region, and Fourier descriptor are created to form a new feature vector which can recognize hand gesture. To confirm the robustness of this proposed method, a dataset including 3500 images is built. Experimental results demonstrate that our system can successfully recognize hand gesture with 97.4% recognition rate.
Linear thin-film Bragg modulator (1984)

A thin-film Bragg modulator operating linearly without bias voltage is suggested and experimentally investigated. The operating point is shifted due to a stationary volume phase diffraction grating being under the electrodes in a waveguide.
Focusing light inside dynamic scattering media with millisecond digital optical phase conjugation (2017)

Wavefront shaping based on digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) focuses light through or inside scattering media, but the low speed of DOPC prevents it from being applied to thick, living biological tissue. Although a fast DOPC approach was recently developed, the reported single-shot wavefront measurement method does not work when the goal is to focus light inside, instead of through, highly scattering media. Here, using a ferroelectric liquid crystal based spatial light modulator, we develop a simpler but faster DOPC system that focuses light not only through, but also inside scattering media. By controlling 2.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> optical degrees of freedom, our system focused light through 3 mm thick moving chicken tissue, with a system latency of 3.0 ms. Using ultrasound-guided DOPC, along with a binary wavefront measurement method, our system focused light inside a scattering medium comprising moving tissue with a latency of 6.0 ms, which is one to two orders of magnitude shorter than those of previous digital wavefront shaping systems. Since the demonstrated speed approaches tissue decorrelation rates, this work is an important step toward <i>in vivo</i> deep-tissue non-invasive optical imaging, manipulation, and therapy.
Robust reconstruction of indoor scenes (2015)

We present an approach to indoor scene reconstruction from RGB-D video. The key idea is to combine geometric registration of scene fragments with robust global optimization based on line processes. Geometric registration is error-prone due to sensor noise, which leads to aliasing of geometric detail and inability to disambiguate different surfaces in the scene. The presented optimization approach disables erroneous geometric alignments even when they significantly outnumber correct ones. Experimental results demonstrate that the presented approach substantially increases the accuracy of reconstructed scene models.
Holographic Optical Elements Which Diffract Efficiently In The Near-Infrared For Operation With Laser Diodes For Spacecraft Communications (1987)

The use of holographic optical elements with laser diodes and/or diode arrays for spacecraft communications is considered. Laser diodes are uniquely suited to spacecraft communications due to their low mass, compact size and high efficiencies compared to other candidate optical transmitters. However, the beamfront from these devices suffer aberrations and astigmatism (Fig. 1). Corrections to the beamfront for satellite communications typically require conventional optical solutions which employ multielement configurations. These solutions are quite massive and bulky and in some instances, can contribute significantly to the overall satellite payload.
Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE3 as adjunct therapy for dilated cardiomyopathy (2002)

PDE3 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases are important in cyclic AMP (cAMP) and possibly cyclic GMP-mediated signalling in cardiac and vascular smooth muscle myocytes. Drugs that inhibit these enzymes have inotropic and vasodilatory actions that have proven useful in the short-term treatment of contractile failure and pulmonary hypertension in dilated cardiomyopathy (both ischaemic and idiopathic). With long-term usage, however, these drugs appear to increase mortality in treated patients through an as yet undetermined mechanism that is in some way attributable to an increase in intracellular cAMP content in cardiac myocytes. Several recent clinical trials have raised the possibility that these drugs may be used to advantage in dilated cardiomyopathy when they are administered in combination with beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, which act to lower intracellular cAMP content. In this review, the relevant basic and clinical data are examined and the possible justification for the combination of two therapies with seemingly opposite effects on intracellular cAMP content is considered.
Energy Storage Systems for Transport and Grid Applications (2010)

Energy storage systems (ESSs) are enabling technologies for well-established and new applications such as power peak shaving, electric vehicles, integration of renewable energies, etc. This paper presents a review of ESSs for transport and grid applications, covering several aspects as the storage technology, the main applications, and the power converters used to operate some of the energy storage technologies. Special attention is given to the different applications, providing a deep description of the system and addressing the most suitable storage technology. The main objective of this paper is to introduce the subject and to give an updated reference to nonspecialist, academic, and engineers in the field of power electronics.
Preferential recognition of a microbial metabolite by human V 2V 2 T cells (2007)

Human Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells are stimulated by prenyl pyrophosphates, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), and play important roles in mediating immunity against microbial pathogens and have potent anti-tumor activity. (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMBPP) has been identified as a metabolite in the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4 phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis that is used by many bacteria and protozoan parasites. We find that HMBPP is the major Vgamma2Vdelta2 T-cell antigen for many bacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Yersinia enterocolitica and Escherichia coli. HMBPP was a 30 000-fold more potent antigen than IPP. Using mutant bacteria, we show that bacterial antigen levels for Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells are controlled by MEP pathway enzymes and find no evidence for the production of 3-formyl-1-butyl pyrophosphate. Moreover, HMBPP reactivity required only germ line-encoded Vgamma2Vdelta2 TCR elements and is present at birth. Importantly, we show that bacterial HMBPP levels correlated with their ability to expand Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells in vivo upon engraftment into severe combined immunodeficiency-beige mice. Thus, the production of HMBPP by a microbial-specific isoprenoid pathway plays a major role in determining whether bacteria will stimulate Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells in vivo. This preferential stimulation by a common microbial isoprenoid metabolite allows Vgamma2Vdelta2 T cells to respond to a broad array of pathogens using this pathway.
Weed and Herbicide-Resistant Soybean (<i>Glycine max</i>) Response to Glufosinate and Glyphosate Plus Ammonium Sulfate and Pelargonic Acid<sup>1</sup> (2000)

The effects of ammonium sulfate and pelargonic acid on weed control with glufosinate and glyphosate and safety to glufosinate-resistant and glyphosate-resistant soybean were investigated in the greenhouse and field. Annual and perennial weeds varied in their sensitivity to the herbicides. Based on fresh weight reduction 10 d after treatment (DAT), common milkweed was more tolerant to glufosinate, and horsenettle was more tolerant to glyphosate. Giant foxtail was highly sensitive to both herbicides. The activity of glufosinate on common milkweed and of glyphosate on horsenettle was enhanced with the addition of 5% (wt/v) ammonium sulfate. The addition of pelargonic acid at 3% (v/v) did not enhance the activity of glufosinate or glyphosate on any weed, and it antagonized common lambsquarters and giant foxtail control with glufosinate and with glyphosate. Glyphosate was more effective than glufosinate in suppressing the regrowth of the perennial weeds horsenettle and common milkweed, but addition of ammonium sulfate and pelargonic acid was not beneficial with either herbicide. Under field conditions, the addition of ammonium sulfate or pelargonic acid to glufosinate or glyphosate did not improve efficacy on annual weeds. The addition of pelargonic acid improved yellow nutsedge control with glufosinate, but only at 6 DAT. Glufosinate and glyphosate applied alone or in combination with ammonium sulfate were safe to transgenic soybeans resistant to the respective herbicide. The addition of pelargonic acid to glufosinate or glyphosate in the greenhouse caused a rate-dependent reduction in soybean fresh weight. In the field, slight soybean injury with the addition of pelargonic acid was evident 6 DAT, but not 23 DAT. Addition of ammonium sulfate can increase the efficacy of glufosinate and glyphosate on perennial weeds without negatively affecting soybean yield.Nomenclature: Glufosinate; glyphosate; pelargonic acid; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; common milkweed, Asclepias syriaca L. # ASCSY; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm. # SETFA; horsenettle, Solanum carolinense L. # SOLCA; yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. # CYPES; soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Asgrow 5547LL’ and ‘Asgrow 4501RR’.Additional index words: Herbicide additives, Amaranthus retroflexus, Ambrosia artemisifolia, Ipomoea hederacea, Ipomoea lacunosa, Senna obtusifolia, glufosinate-resistant soybean, glyphosate-resistant soybean, AMARE, AMBEL, ASCSY, CASOB, CHEAL, CYPES, IPOHE, IPOLA, SETFA, SOLCA.Abbreviations: DAT, days after treatment; GR50, 50% growth reduction (the herbicide rate needed to achieve a 50% reduction in fresh weight).
Relationship between LET and RBE values for Escherichia coli determined using carbon ion beams from the TIARA cyclotron and HIMAC synchrotron. (1997)

Researchers studied the effects of ion beams on cell lethality in two strains of Escherichia coli. Experiments were conducted on the wild-type strain and a DNA repair-deficient mutant strain that lacks the ability to repair DNA damage. A final aspect of the study was to examine the relationship between the linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness values for E. coli cell lethality and dose-response for decreasing the survival fraction to 10 percent.
Comparison of Induction Motor and Line-Start IPM Synchronous Motor Performance in a Variable-Speed Drive (2012)

This paper presents an in-depth comparative analysis of the variable speed drive (VSD) performance between an IEC frame size 90 four-pole three-phase induction motor (IM) and the equal line-start interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSIPMSM). Employing measurement data from no-load tests, load tests, and temperature-rise tests of the aforementioned motors and different cage materials as well, the motors' no-load and load characteristics are first examined in detail and then the drives' characteristics are analyzed in open-loop volts per hertz ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> / <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> ) control by using the same voltage-source inverter and the aforementioned IM or LSIPMSM in both constant torque and constant power operation. It has been established that particularly the motors' current and power factor characteristics have distinct impact on the consequent VSD performance in terms of loss and efficiency. Furthermore, it has been shown that the lower loss of the LSIPMSM enables a significant increase of the VSD's constant power range.
Large-scale robot-assisted genome shuffling yields industrial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts with increased ethanol tolerance (2015)

We report the use of several different large-scale genome shuffling strategies to obtain novel hybrids with increased ethanol tolerance and fermentation capacity. Several of the novel hybrids show best-parent heterosis and outperform the commonly used bioethanol strain Ethanol Red, making them interesting candidate strains for industrial production.
Automation of long-path absorption cell measurements (1979)

Recent advances have been made in the operation of long-path absorption cells which make them easier to align and improve the accuracy of measurements made with them. Only one person is required now for routine measurements of low absorption coefficients of atmospheric absorbers. Unique gear designs for the adjustment of the cell mirrors are described which utilize low-torque linear drives and make possible rapid changes in pathlength and precision repositioning of the cell output beam at long pathlengths. Automation of cell operation by the use of remote Selsyn controls is described. Several techniques are discussed for precision optical alignment of long-path absorption cells, including the use of infrared radiation sources. The system accuracy which results from these refinements in operation is included.
Fluoroalkanesulfonanilides, a new class of herbicides (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluoroalkanesulfonanilides, a new class of herbicidesR. D. Trepka, Joseph K. Harringon, Jerry Earl. Robertson, and J. T. WaddingtonCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1970, 18, 6, 1176–1177Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60172a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60172a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design Optimization of C-Band 4-Channel WDM Optical Communication System using EDFA (2014)

In this work, the design and experimental characterization of high performance C band Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) booster which is pumped at 980 nm are presented. The system is simulated using Optisystem software to achieve gain flatness of EDF through optimized fiber length and pumping wavelength. The performance of the system is more efficient at the pumping wavelength of 980 nm than that of 1480 nm for a wide range of high pump power. The EDF gain and noise figure have been investigated in terms of varying different parameters of EDF such as numerical aperture, erbium doped fiber radius and pump power in 4 channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) system. Simulation results show that the erbium doped fiber gain is more at lower numerical aperture (i.e. 0.35) and at erbium doped fiber radius (2 μm). In this simulation maximum gain is 14.72 dB and noise figure is 7.2 dB for 550 mW pump power. Keywords: EDFA, wavelength division multiplexer, single mode fibers, gain, noise figure, numerical aperture, Erbium doped fiber core radius
评B.C.巴鲁林的《历史唯物主义:当代的发展趋势》一书 (1988)

从书的名称就可以看出,本书不是阐述历史唯物主义的个别问题,而是从整体上来考察这一知识领域。不过,名称并不能完全精确地表明作者的意图。作者不仅要阐明历史唯物主义发展的现代趋势,并且要叙述它的历史,首先是苏联时期的历史,但是,这种回顾不是为了给本书的基本内容“补足分量”,而是为了使作者能够以历史为背景提