gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variations in DNA Repair (2004)

Mammalian cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous genotoxic agents, and distinct repair pathways have evolved to handle the different types of DNA damage. The six major repair pathways are base excision repair (BER), direct reversal of damage, mismatch excision repair (MMR), nucleotide excision repair (NER), homologous recombination (HR), and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). Over 130 human DNA repair genes have been reported, and more will be identified. Many single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of DNA repair genes have also been reported and some of them may affect DNA repair functions. Although, on an individual basis, SNPs may cause only small changes in repair activity, their presence at polymorphic frequencies in the human population may contribute to a high proportion of cancer cases and the variation of interindividual responses to cancer therapies.
Capacitor voltage balancing control of multilevel DC-DC converter (2013)

This paper presents an complete investigation of an active capacitor voltage balancing strategy for multilevel dc-dc converter. The proposed technique may be applied to various dc-dc converters, such as the well-known flying-capacitor converter. The voltage balancing analysis is carried out for a five level dc-dc converter, in which the small-signal modeling is realized. The obtained converter mathematical model presents cross-coupling among the variables, as well as the dependence of the load current. Thus, a control strategy is proposed in this paper, in which incorporates a decoupling action. Besides that, a feedforward technique is used to eliminate the dependence of load current of the converter model, improving the performance of the closed loop system in light load. In order to demonstrate the performance of proposed capacitor voltage balancing control loop, it was applied to a 5-level dc-dc converter and experimental results are reported herein. The results attest the advantages of the proposed capacitor voltage balancing control.
Photochemical Rearrangement of <i>N</i>-Chlorolactams: A Route to <i>N</i>-Heterocycles through Concerted Ring Contraction (2010)

We report a novel ring contraction allowing the direct conversion of N-chlorolactams to their corresponding ring-contraction N-heterocycles upon photolysis. Results show that the rearrangement occurs with a variety of N-chlorolactams and that the greater the substitution at the migrating carbon, the greater the yield of product. Importantly, stereochemistry at the migrating carbon is conserved in the product. Rearranged products were isolated as their methyl carbamates in yields varying from 17% to 58%, with the major side product being the recyclable parent lactam.
TGF-beta對人類牙髓細胞的影響:p38與TAK1之角色 (2012)

Aim: Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) plays a role in repair and dentinogenesis in dental pulp cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether TGF-β1 stimulates the signaling pathways, TAK1 and p38, thereby influence the morphological changes, cell proliferation, collagen turnover and alkaline phosphatase 
in human dental pulp cells in vitro. 
Materials and Methods: Primary-cultured human dental pulp cells were pre-treated with SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) or 5Z-7-oxozeaenol(TAK1 inhibitor) 30 minutes before adding TGF-β1. Morphology of pulp cells was observed under light microscopy (100X). Cell proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell differentiation and mineralization were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and quantitative assay. Changes in mRNA expression (ALP and collagen) were determined by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). 
Collagen content was determined by Sircol Collagen assay.
Result : In the dental pulp cells, TGF-β1 (10ng/ml) showed little effect on cell number and cell size under light microscopy (100X) and MTT assay. 5Z-7-oxozeaenol(TAK1 inhibitor) showed decrease in the number of dental pulp cells markedly but SB203580 (p38 inhibitor) did not. TGF-β1 (10ng/ml) decreased the ALP activity but SB203580 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol could not reverse the effect. 
TGF-β1 (0.1 ng/ml) mildly increased the ALP expression and TGF-β1 (5 ng/ml) increased the collagen formation. These effects could be reversed by SB203580 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol. According to the RT-PCR, SB203580 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol could reverse the up-regulatory of collagen expression by TGF-β1 (10ng/ml). However, down-regulatory of ALP gene expression caused by TGF-β1 (10ng/ml) could not be reversed by SB203580 and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol.
Conclusion: TAK1 may increase proliferation of human dental pulp cells. TGF-β1 
(0.1 ng/ml) can increase ALP activity and TGF-β1 (5 or 10 ng/ml) can induce 
collagen formation in dental pulp cells via TAK1-p38 pathway. TAK1-p38 pathway may have no influence in down-regulatory of ALP activity in TGF-β1 (10 ng/ml).
Electrochemical behavior of Ti/Al2O3 interfaces produced by diffusion bonding (2003)

In the field of biomedical applications a special interest exists regarding the study of the physicochemical and mechanical behaviour of materials, with special focus on the electrochemical degradation of metal/ceramic interfaces. In fact, metal/ceramic interfaces may be present in several biomedical devices, ranging from external or implantable sensors, to dental implants. Diffusion bonding represents an important technique since, in opposition to other production technologies, such as active metal brazing, avoid the possible liberation of certain chemical components harmful to health. The aim of this work is to study the electrochemical degradation of the interface formed between commercially pure Ti and Al2O3 produced by diffusion bonding, in contact with a physiological solution. The present approach included the evaluation of the contribution of individual and pairs of interfacial layers on the global degradation processes. For this propose d.c. electrochemical techniques were used to monitor the open-circuit potential, and to perform potentiodynamic polarization and galvanic corrosion evaluation. Also, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used as a complementary technique of the corrosion behaviour of the interface. Chemical composition and morphology of samples and corrosion products were evaluated by SEM and EDS analysis. According to experimental results, two principal reaction layers were formed in the interface: TiAl and Ti3Al. The TiAl layer appears to be the responsible for the strong increase in corrosion rate of the interface.
A Graph-Based Evolutionary Algorithm: Genetic Network Programming (GNP) and Its Extension Using Reinforcement Learning (2007)

This paper proposes a graph-based evolutionary algorithm called Genetic Network Programming (GNP). Our goal is to develop GNP, which can deal with dynamic environments efficiently and effectively, based on the distinguished expression ability of the graph (network) structure. The characteristics of GNP are as follows. 1) GNP programs are composed of a number of nodes which execute simple judgment/processing, and these nodes are connected by directed links to each other. 2) The graph structure enables GNP to re-use nodes, thus the structure can be very compact. 3) The node transition of GNP is executed according to its node connections without any terminal nodes, thus the past history of the node transition affects the current node to be used and this characteristic works as an implicit memory function. These structural characteristics are useful for dealing with dynamic environments. Furthermore, we propose an extended algorithm, "GNP with Reinforcement Learning (GNPRL)" which combines evolution and reinforcement learning in order to create effective graph structures and obtain better results in dynamic environments. In this paper, we applied GNP to the problem of determining agents' behavior to evaluate its effectiveness. Tileworld was used as the simulation environment. The results show some advantages for GNP over conventional methods.
Microtubule-based localization of a synaptic calcium-signaling complex is required for left-right neuronal asymmetry in <i>C. elegans</i> (2011)

The axons of C. elegans left and right AWC olfactory neurons communicate at synapses through a calcium-signaling complex to regulate stochastic asymmetric cell identities called AWC(ON) and AWC(OFF). However, it is not known how the calcium-signaling complex, which consists of UNC-43/CaMKII, TIR-1/SARM adaptor protein and NSY-1/ASK1 MAPKKK, is localized to postsynaptic sites in the AWC axons for this lateral interaction. Here, we show that microtubule-based localization of the TIR-1 signaling complex to the synapses regulates AWC asymmetry. Similar to unc-43, tir-1 and nsy-1 loss-of-function mutants, specific disruption of microtubules in AWC by nocodazole generates two AWC(ON) neurons. Reduced localization of UNC-43, TIR-1 and NSY-1 proteins in the AWC axons strongly correlates with the 2AWC(ON) phenotype in nocodazole-treated animals. We identified kinesin motor unc-104/kif1a mutants for enhancement of the 2AWC(ON) phenotype of a hypomorphic tir-1 mutant. Mutations in unc-104, like microtubule depolymerization, lead to a reduced level of UNC-43, TIR-1 and NSY-1 proteins in the AWC axons. In addition, dynamic transport of TIR-1 in the AWC axons is dependent on unc-104, the primary motor required for the transport of presynaptic vesicles. Furthermore, unc-104 acts non-cell autonomously in the AWC(ON) neuron to regulate the AWC(OFF) identity. Together, these results suggest a model in which UNC-104 may transport some unknown presynaptic factor(s) in the future AWC(ON) cell that non-cell autonomously control the trafficking of the TIR-1 signaling complex to postsynaptic regions of the AWC axons to regulate the AWC(OFF) identity.
Separation and identification of food-coloring substances / (1917)

no.448 (1917)
Communication with moving trains in tunnels (1956)

This paper describes tests conducted in the North River tunnel of the Pennsylvania Railroad to determine a practical means for communicating with moving locomotives and trains in tunnels. It is shown that frequencies between about 25 and 1500 megacycles per second are not suitable for such communication over any substantial distance when employing conventional radio techniques. Tests are described utilizing other means of transmission, including the use of a series of antennas bridged onto a transmission line extending through the tunnel, and a closely-spaced two-wire line without antennas acting as a radiating and pick-up device. It is concluded that satisfactory transmission in tunnels can be obtained for a distance up to approximately 6,000 feet using the frequencies and equipment ordinarily employed in railroad mobile systems and twin-lead cable such as RG-86/U suitably located within the tunnel.
Antibacterial Silver (1994)

The antibacterial activity of silver has long been known and has found a variety of applications because its toxicity to human cells is considerably lower than to bacteria. The most widely documented uses are prophylactic treatment of burns and water disinfection. However, the mechanisms by which silver kills cells are not known. Information on resistance mechanisms is apparently contradictory and even the chemistry of Ag(+) in such systems is poorly understood.Silver binds to many cellular components, with membrane components probably being more important than nucleic acids. It is difficult to know whether strong binding reflects toxicity or detoxification: some sensitive bacterial strains have been reported as accumulating more silver than the corresponding resistant strain, in others the reverse apparently occurs. In several cases resistance has been shown to be plasmid mediated. The plasmids are reported as difficult to transfer, and can also be difficult to maintain, as we too have found. Attempts to find biochemical differences between resistant and sensitive strains have met with limited success: differences are subtle, such as increased cell surface hydrophobicity in a resistant Escherichia coli.Some of the problems are due to defining conditions in which resistance can be observed. Silver(I) has been shown to bind to components of cell culture media, and the presence of chloride is necessary to demonstrate resistance. The form of silver used must also be considered. This is usually water soluble AgNO(3), which readily precipitates as AgCl. The clinically preferred compound is the highly insoluble silver sulfadiazine, which does not cause hypochloraemia in burns. It has been suggested that resistant bacteria are those unable to bind Ag(+) more tightly than does chloride. It may be that certain forms of insoluble silver are taken up by cells, as has been found for nickel. Under our experimental conditions, silver complexed by certain ligands is more cytotoxic than AgNO(3), yet with related ligands is considerably less toxic. There is evidently a subtle interplay of solubility and stability which should reward further investigation.
Ecoanalysis of Variable-Speed Drives for Flow Regulation in Pumping Systems (2010)

Electronic variable-speed drives (VSDs) can produce large energy and environmental savings in variable-load variable-speed applications when compared with other conventional technologies. There are a very large number of applications (e.g., fluid motion, materials handling, and materials processing) which would benefit, both in terms of process improvement and energy savings, through the use of speed control. Previous studies have shown that the variable-flow fluid motion applications (pumps, fans, and compressors) have the largest savings potential. In this paper, an ecodesign analysis of two different technologies for the flow regulation in pumping systems—constant-speed pump with an output throttle valve (motor directly fed from the line) and variable-speed pump without an output throttle valve (motor fed by a variable-speed drive)—is presented. A European standard methodology for the ecodesign analysis of energy-using products is used in this paper. This paper includes a comparative analysis of the environmental impacts and life-cycle costs. The identified large environmental benefits on top of the energy savings provide a strong argument for an increased use of VSDs. The presented analysis is of major importance for industrial electronics manufacturers, designers, and users, widening their awareness to the importance of taking into account the energy and environmental issues when evaluating different system design options.
ENGINEERING FIRM HAS DESIGNED REFINERY OF THE FUTURE (1997)

Four years ago, JGC Corp. organized a project team called ``Refinery Engineering for the Future in the Twenty-First Century,`` or REF-21. The purpose of the team was to forecast the environment facing the refining industry in Japan, long-range energy supply and demand, population and economic growth, traffic system trends, and technology and science progress through the middle of the twenty-first century. The REF-21 team also was charged with developing a conceptual design for the future refinery. The team proposed four types of configurations for the so-called new-generation refineries. These schemes included some new technologies that it deemed commercializable by 2000. JGC evaluated these new-generation refinery schemes in terms of overall yields, energy efficiencies, emissions, and economics, as compared with existing refineries. JGC also has developed an amenity design program (ADP), and is applying it to a refinery in Japan to produce a new-concept operation center. Through amenity design, JGC intends to improve the operating environment for employees in order to enhance overall productivity.
Zur Hydroxymethylierung schwach C‐H‐acider Verbindungen (1972)

Abstract 4‐Methoxyphenylessigsäureäthylester und Phenylessigsäurediäthylamid reagieren bei Raumtemp. in DMSO in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen Natriumäthylat mit Paraformaldehyd zu 4‐Methoxytropasäureäthylester bzw. Tropasäurediäthylamid.
The amino acid sequence of <i>Erythrina corallodendron</i> lectin and its homology with other legume lectins (1989)

The primary sequence of Erythrina corallodendron lectin was deduced from analysis of the peptides derived from the lectin by digestion with trypsin, chymotrypsin, Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease, elastase and lysylendopeptidase-C, and of fragments generated by cleavage of the lectin with dilute formic acid in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride. Purification of the individual peptides was achieved by gel filtration, followed by reverse phase HPLC. The glycosylation site (Asn17-Leu18-Thr19) was deduced from analysis of the glycopeptide isolated from a pronase digest of the lectin before and after deglycosylation of the glycopeptide with endoglycosidase F. Comparison of the sequence of 244 residues thus obtained with those of 9 other legume lectins revealed extensive homologies, including 39 invariant positions and 60 partial identities. These data provide further evidence for the conservation of the lectin gene in leguminous plants.
A realtime spatio-temporal watermarking scheme for H.264/AVC (2013)

This paper introduces a digital video watermarking scheme for real-time authentication of H.264/AVC compressed videos. The watermark signals, which represent the macroblock's (MB) and frame's indices, are embedded into the last nonzero quantized DCT value of blocks. Also, analyzing the detection error helps to distinguish malicious attacks from some common processing such as H.264/AVC recompression. Experimental results show that the distortion caused by our watermarking system is negligible, leading to a PSNR of about -0.78 dB and increasing the bitrate by just 3.6%. Furthermore, average bit correct rate (BCR) after H.264/AVC recompression is 0.725.
Multidimensional Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (1989)

Journal Article Multidimensional Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Supercritical Fluid Extraction Get access Joseph M. Levy, Joseph M. Levy BP America Research Center, 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ronald A. Cavalier, Ronald A. Cavalier BP America Research Center, 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas N. Bosch, Thomas N. Bosch BP America Research Center, 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Amy F. Rynaski, Amy F. Rynaski BP America Research Center, 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Wayne E. Huhak Wayne E. Huhak BP America Research Center, 4440 Warrensville Center Road, Cleveland, Ohio 44128 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Chromatographic Science, Volume 27, Issue 7, July 1989, Pages 341–346, https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/27.7.341 Published: 01 July 1989 Article history Received: 16 February 1989 Revision received: 10 March 1989 Published: 01 July 1989
The effect of molecular weight on the physical and mechanical properties of ultra‐drawn high density polyethylene (1976)

Abstract A study has been made on the effects of molecular weight on the physical and mechanical properties of cold‐extruded high density polyethylene. Prior data indicate that such ultra‐drawn strands contain a significant fraction of extended‐chain crystals. Four samples, spanning the molecular weight range of 59,000 to 147,000, were cold‐extruded under the same conditions and were examined with respect to their melting point, degree of crystallinity, linear expansion coefficient, Young' modulus, strain to break, and tensile strength. The degree of crystallinity, linear expansion coefficient, and modulus did not change significantly with molecular weight. The melting point, strain to break, and tensile strength do increase with increasing molecular weight. This leads to the conclusion that the amount of extended‐chain crystals is invariant with molecular weight. Higher molecular weight polymers are seen as providing a greater number of the chains, thus giving the fiber a higher tensile strength.
Impact of Contact Misalignment on Magnetic Cross Sensitivity of Integrated Vertical Hall Sensors (2018)

Monolithic integration of 3-D Hall effect sensors makes it feasible to measure all three spatial directions of magnetic fields. However, even if the integrated sensors are arranged strictly orthogonal in the semiconductor layout, measurements have shown that a magnetic field, applied perpendicular to the sensitive direction of vertical Hall effect sensors, leads to a measurable signal, resulting in an additional cross sensitivity. Typical values of this magnetic cross sensitivity vary from 0% to 10% between wafers. Thus, this effect is caused by the CMOS fabrication process. A possible reason is the tolerance of mask alignment during the semiconductor fabrication, which causes shifted contact positions of the integrated Hall element. To simulate this unwanted shift, vertical Hall elements with intentional misalignment of their contact position were designed and integrated in the same silicon substrate. A characterization of the cross sensitivity shows an enormous impact on the measured magnetic field: a shift of 1.23 μm results in a measurable cross sensitivity of 55%. Even a shift of 0.62 μm leads to 28% cross sensitivity. This makes plausible that minor tolerances in mask alignment of few hundred nanometers lead to a cross sensitivity of several percentages. For further study of this cross sensitivity, additional measurements over temperature have been performed. In contrast to the expectation that this effect may correlate to a temperature-dependent variation of the depletion region of integrated Hall elements, temperature shows no significant influence to cross sensitivity.
Polysulfide Liquid Polymers (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolysulfide Liquid PolymersJ. S. Jorczak and E. M. FettesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1951, 43, 2, 324–328Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50494a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50494a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts