gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of CR-39 in Pd/D co-deposition experiments (2007)

The use of CR-39, a solid state nuclear track detector, to detect the emission of energetic charged particles during Pd/D co-deposition is demonstrated. The pits observed in the CR-39 are attributed to the Pd/D cathode and are not due to radionuclide contamination in the cell components; nor to the impingement of D2 bubbles on the surface of the CR-39; nor to chemical attack by D2, O2, or Cl2. The features (i.e., optical contrast, shape, and bright spot in the center of the pit) of the pits generated during Pd/D co-deposition are consistent with those observed for pits that are of a nuclear origin.
Exploring School Nurse Interventions and Health and Education Outcomes: An Integrative Review (2017)

School nurses intervene with students, parents, and school staff to advance the health and academic success of students. We conducted an integrative literature review of published research to describe the types of school nurse interventions and health and education outcome measures and to examine how school nurse interventions were linked to student outcomes. Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. We used the National Association of School Nurses' Framework for 21st Century School Nursing Practice to categorize school nurse interventions and health and education outcome measures. The majority of interventions were categorized under the care coordination principle, most commonly, motivational interviewing and counseling. In 17 studies, school nurse interventions were linked to improved student outcomes. Most studies (80%) were descriptive. To advance school nursing science, researchers can build on this foundation with more rigorous research methods to evaluate the impact of school nurse interventions and activities on student health and education outcomes.
Cyclotron development program at Jyvaskyla (2001)

The Jyväskylä K130 cyclotron has been modified to allow also negative ion acceleration with stripping extraction. A multi-cusp ion source for negative ions (H− and d−) was built [1]. The source gives over 5 mA at a voltage of 5.9 kV, which is used for 30 MeV protons. The extracted 30 MeV proton beam of 60 μA from the cyclotron has been reached. Due to very good extraction efficiency the dose rate in the cyclotron vault has decreased by a factor of 10–20 with 30 MeV protons compared to positive ion extraction. Also the inflector change was automated in order to reduce the dose for personnel.
THE USE OF KNOCKOUT MICE TO UNDERSTAND THE ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN FEVER (1998)

1. In most instances, data obtained using knockout mice to dissect the role of cytokines in fever are similar to data obtained by other, more traditional experimental techniques. 2. Interleukin (IL)-1beta appears to be critically involved in fever caused by some routes of infection/inflammation (e.g. localized inflammation with turpentine). This cytokine has only a small role in fevers caused by i.p. injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). These IL-1beta-induced fevers in knockout mice appear to be via the induction of IL-6, similar to LPS-induced fevers in rats. Interleukin-6 also appears to be critically involved in turpentine-induced fever. 3. The precise role of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in fever is controversial. Data obtained from knockout mice lacking both TNF receptors do not support a pyrogenic role for TNF in fever either to i.p. injection of LPS, s.c. injection of turpentine or following caecal ligation and puncture. 4. The roles of these cytokines in fevers induced by injection of LPS, IL-1beta, turpentine and caecal ligation and puncture are summarized. The data show the complexity of the febrile response. Depending on the types of inflammatory/infectious stimuli, different cytokines play important roles. Because other cytokines are thought to be involved in fever (e.g. macrophage inflammatory protein, interferons), considerable work is still needed to dissect the precise roles of cytokines in fever.
<i>In Vivo</i> Biocompatibility and Biodegradability of Dextrin-based Hydrogels (2009)

The in vivo biocompatibility of dextrin hydrogels obtained by polymerization of dextrin-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (dextrin-HEMA) and dextrin-vinyl acrylate (dextrin-VA) are reported in this work. The histological analysis of subcutaneous implants of these hydrogels, featuring inflammatory and reabsorption events, were carried out over a 16-week period in mice. The dextrin-HEMA hydrogel was quickly and completely degraded and reabsorbed, whereas the dextrin-VA degradation occurred slowly and a thin fibrous capsule surrounded the nondegradable hydrogel. The dextrin-HEMA was degraded after 16 weeks with only mild inflammation and a few detectable foamy macrophages around the implant. These events were followed by complete resorption and no sign of capsule formation or fibrosis associated to the implants. The results indicate that the dextrin hydrogels are biocompatible because no toxicity on the tissues surrounding the implants was found. It may be speculated that a controlled degradation rate of the hydrogels may be obtained by grafting dextrin to HEMA and VA in different proportions.
Hierarchical quadtree-based flexible block ordering in HEVC intra coding (2016)

In all of the existing block-based image and video coding standards, blocks are processed in the fixed scan order. Then in HEVC intra coding, intra prediction is always based on the top and/or left neighboring reconstructed pixels, which incurs less accurate prediction for blocks where the spatial correlation is not along the topleft-to-bottomright direction. To obtain better intra prediction, we propose to flexibly determine the coding order of blocks in HEVC intra coding. Complying with the hierarchical quadtree structure in HEVC, our flexible block ordering (FBO) technique recursively decides the coding order of four sub-blocks when splitting one block. Moreover, we propose new methods to perform inter/extrapolation for intra prediction so as to fully utilize neighboring reconstructed pixels, not always being top/left. Experimental results show that our proposed FBO technique achieves on average 2.9% BD-rate reduction compared to HEVC baseline.
Characterization of a spontaneously transformed human endothelial cell line. (1994)

C11STH has retained many of the normal characteristics of endothelial cells, is able to proliferate at clonal density, and is easily transfectable. The line will provide a useful resource for endothelial cell biology. Its ability to make capillary-like tubes on basement membrane gels, but not on collagen will provide a powerful tool with which to further analyze the processes involved in angiogenesis, and will enable us to define the role of specific proteins in angiogenesis. Since C11STH shows tube competence on Matrigel, but is not tube competent on collagen, our studies suggest that capillary-tube formation on Matrigel and collagen occur via qualitatively different mechanisms. Thus, this cell line provides the opportunity to examine the signalling mechanisms required to generate capillary tube formation. These may include the involvement of matrix molecules, the production of proteases and inhibitors, gene regulation and kinases or phosphatases.
Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations (2004)

Most mycorrhizas are 'balanced' mutualistic associations in which the fungus and plant exchange commodities required for their growth and survival. Myco-heterotrophic plants have 'exploitative' mycorrhizas where transfer processes apparently benefit only plants. Exploitative associations are symbiotic (in the broad sense), but are not mutualistic. A new definition of mycorrhizas that encompasses all types of these associations while excluding other plant-fungus interactions is provided. This definition recognises the importance of nutrient transfer at an interface resulting from synchronised plant-fungus development. The diversity of interactions between mycorrhizal fungi and plants is considered. Mycorrhizal fungi also function as endophytes, necrotrophs and antagonists of host or non-host plants, with roles that vary during the lifespan of their associations. It is recommended that mycorrhizal associations are defined and classified primarily by anatomical criteria regulated by the host plant. A revised classification scheme for types and categories of mycorrhizal associations defined by these criteria is proposed. The main categories of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal associations (VAM) are 'linear' or 'coiling', and of ectomycorrhizal associations (ECM) are 'epidermal' or 'cortical'. Subcategories of coiling VAM and epidermal ECM occur in certain host plants. Fungus-controlled features result in 'morphotypes' within categories of VAM and ECM. Arbutoid and monotropoid associations should be considered subcategories of epidermal ECM and ectendomycorrhizas should be relegated to an ECM morphotype. Both arbuscules and vesicles define mycorrhizas formed by glomeromycotan fungi. A new classification scheme for categories, subcategories and morphotypes of mycorrhizal associations is provided.
Enantioselective Transfer Aminoallylation:  Synthesis of Optically Active Homoallylic Primary Amines (2006)

A camphorquinone-derived chiral homoallylic amine was found to react with various aldehydes via imine formation and asymmetric 2-azonia-Cope rearrangement to give optically active homoallylic primary amines. A practical level of enantioselectivity with high functional group tolerance has been attained in this transformation.
Obesity, insulin resistance, and the pathway to type 2 diabetes (2012)

The increase in obesity in the U.S. and elsewhere can be explained by a variety of factors, as outlined by David Allison and his colleagues. Not only is the fast food diet a factor, but also are changes in ambient temperature, obesity-causing psychoactive molecules, associative sorting, changes in smoking habits, and reduction in sleep. In particular is the increase in visceral fat, which is associated with insulin resistance. We have shown in experimental animals that omentectomy increases insulin sensitivity implicating visceral fat per se as an important factor. We have followed longitudinally changes in organ function and crosstalk in a large animal model, rendered overweight by a high fat, hypercaloric diet. In normal animals, like in normal humans, there is a wide range of adiposity as well as visceral and subcutaneous fat deposition. Feeding fat increases visceral and subcutaneous fat with little change in body weight. Physiologic changes occur with absolutely no change in fasting glucose: most predictive of insulin resistance is relative reduction in metabolic clearance of insulin by liver, and a modest increase in beta cell sensitivity to glucose. The latter changes result in hyperinsulinemia. Change in insulin sensitivity is also predicted by change in liver insulin clearance, implicating metabolic clearance of insulin as the primary factor in development of the insulin resistance syndrome.
Redisposition of Aposphaeria amaranthi in Microsphaeropsis (1992)

Volume: 44
Anti‐interleukin‐6 monoclonal antibody induces regression of human prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice (2001)

These studies suggest that IL-6 contributes to prostate cancer growth in vivo, and that targeting IL-6 may contribute to prostate cancer therapy.
Magnetically insulated inertial fusion: A new approach to controlled thermonuclear fusion (1986)

By combination of the benefits of magnetic and inertial confinements, a new fusion scheme is introduced with a plasma density of \ensuremath{\gtrsim}${10}^{21}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ whose pressure is confined by inertia of a metallic container of a cannonball type while its heat is insulated by a self-generated magnetic field of \ensuremath{\gtrsim}100 T.
Electromechanical Ski Release Binding With Mechanical Backup (1997)

To better protect Alpine skiers against injuries to both the lower leg and the knee, the objective of this work was to design a binding which: (1) maintained a consistent release level in twist in the presence of combined loads; (2) released the heelpiece based on the anterior/posterior (A/P) bending moment transmitted by the leg; and (3) modulated the release level in twist depending on the degree of contraction in muscles crossing the knee. To fulfill the objective, a conventional ski binding was modified. Modifications included integrating dynamometers into the toepiece, anti-friction device (AFD), and heelpiece. The toepiece sensor indicates the twisting moment while the AFD and heelpiece sensors indicate the anterior bending moment transmitted by the leg. To gain electronic control of binding release, a solenoid actuated mechanism was added which translated the heelpiece rearward along the ski to decouple the boot from the binding. Otherwise, the binding allowed normal mechanical function. Prototype testing confirmed the ability of the dynamometers to accurately measure desired loads in the presence of extraneous loads and the reliability of the solenoid actuated mechanism in releasing the hoot under loads typical of skiing. Thus, this work demonstrated the feasibility of hybrid electromechanical/mechanical releasable bindings. Such a demonstration should encourage the development of designs for commercial use.
Efficacy of Conventional Monitoring Techniques in Free Tissue Transfer: An 11-Year Experience in 750 Consecutive Cases (1999)

To describe the intramuscular neurovascular anatomy of the rectus femoris muscle and to evaluate whether the muscle can be split into two functional units, 40 rectus femoris muscle specimens were studied. Ten fresh human cadavers were injected with a mixture of lead oxide, gelatin, and water through the femoral arteries. The rectus femoris muscle with its neurovascular pedicles was dissected out and then radiographed. Computer wire was sutured to each nerve branch in the muscle, and the muscle was radiographed again. Radiographs with and without radiopaque wire were then analyzed. In 10 preserved cadavers, the rectus femoris muscle was dissected out. Note was made of the vessel and nerve to the muscle. All muscles were cut serially into 2-cm cross-sections, and the position and course of the intramuscular tendon were then grossly examined. Three different vascular patterns in 40 rectus femoris muscles were found, based on the number of vascular pedicles and their relative dominance within the muscle. The rectus femoris muscle received either a single vascular pedicle (12.5 percent), a dominant vascular pedicle and one or two minor pedicles (80 percent), or two dominant vascular pedicles (7.5 percent). The rectus femoris was innervated by a large nerve branch from the posterior division of the femoral nerve, and the branch generally divided into two sub-branches before it reached the muscle. Both branches were respectively accompanied by arterial branches to form neurovascular hila. Furthermore, this present study has provided a detailed description of the intramuscular neurovascular territories. Also, the pattern of neurovascular supply of the muscle makes it possible to subdivide the muscle into two functional units for segmental muscle transfer.
Blockchain in Space Industry: Challenges and Solutions (2020)

Blockchain technology can play a vital role in the space industry and exploration. This magic technology can provide decentralized and secure techniques for processing and manipulating space resources as space digital tokens. Tokenizing space resources such as orbits, satellites, spacecraft, orbital debris, asteroids, and other space objects in the form of blockchain-based digital tokens will reflect plenty of various applications in the space mining industry. Moreover, Blockchain algorithms based on smart contracts can be utilized for tracking all space transactions and communications in a transparent, verifiable, and secure manner. This paper is one of the first attempts towards conceptually investigating adopting blockchain theory in the space industry based on space digital token concept. A new conceptual blockchain in space industry framework is proposed, and new models are created for introducing proposed solutions for some major challenges in the space industry and exploration. Finally, the paper is ended with discussing SpaceChain, the first open-source blockchain-based satellite network in the world as a case study of applying blockchain theory in designing and implementing satellite systems.
Preparation of SIS/SBS-based UV-cross-linkable pressure-sensitive adhesives using the thiol-ene reaction (2007)

Hot-melt pressure-sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) usually contain styrene-isoprenestyrene (SIS) or styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) block copolymers, tackifier, plasticizer and other additives. However, these PSAs cannot be used in high-temperature applications or where solvent and chemical resistance properties are required. We, therefore, developed UV-cross-linkable HMPSAs by the thiol-ene reaction with the aim to increase adhesion properties at elevated temperature. For effective UV cross-linking, the selection of photoinitiator and photo-cross-linker is very important for thermal stability and fast curing. Adhesion properties, such as probe tack, peel strength and shear adhesion failure temperature (SAFT), were evaluated to measure PSA performance as a function of photoinitiator type.
An ocular fixation device for freehand pars plana vitrectomy. (1977)

An adaptation of the stereotaxic micromanipulator is described which provides ocular support and stabilization during freehand vitrectomy. It consists of a baseplate for immobilization of the patient's head and an ocular fixation arm assembly which connects to the eye by grasping a special Flieringa ring sewed to the postlimbal sclera. The ocular fixation arm can be made alternately flexible or rigid, thereby providing needed ocular mobility or stability during the operation as is desired by the surgeon.
Liquid Fuels and Propellants for Aerospace Propulsion: 1903-2003 (2003)

Introduction M AJOR increases in liquid-fueled propulsion performance have occurred in the past 100 years.TheWright brothers rst  ew on 14 December 1903 with an engine that generated slightly more than 130 lb of thrust for  ights that ranged from 120 to 850 ft (Ref. 1). Contrast that with current aircraft such as the Boeing 777, which can  y 8000 n miles, equipped with engines from the GE90 and PW4000 series that generate over 100,000 lb of thrust. The Wright brothers probably consumed less than a gallon of gasoline in that  rst day of  ight tests. In 1997, airlines consumedan average of 177 million gal/day of jet fuel worldwide.2¤ Robert Goddard’s  rst  ight of a liquid rocket on 16March 1926 reachedan altitudeof 41 ft and landed184 ft from the launchpoint (seeRef. 3). Again, the contrast with current vehicles such as the space shuttle, which can lift over 50,000 lb to 200C miles into low Earth orbit, is dramatic. The intent of this paper is to describe the evolution of liquid fuels for aircraft and rockets as the engines and vehicles they fuel have undergone these signi cant increases in performance.
Electroactive nanofibrillated cellulose aerogel composites with tunable structural and electrochemical properties (2012)

This work presents conductive aerogel composites of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and polypyrrole (PPy) with tunable structural and electrochemical properties. The conductive composites are prepared by chemically polymerizing pyrrole onto TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers dispersed in water and the various nanostructures are obtained employing different drying methods. Supercritical CO2 drying is shown to generate high porosity aerogel composites with the largest surface area (246 m2 g−1) reported so far for a conducting polymer–paper based material, whereas composites produced by ambient drying attain high density structures with mechanical properties significantly surpassing earlier reported values for cellulose–conducting polymer composites when normalized with respect to the content of reinforcing cellulose (Young's modulus = 0.51 GPa, tensile strength = 10.93 MPa and strain to failure = 2.5%). Electrochemical measurements clearly show that differences in the porosity give rise to dramatic changes in the voltammetric and chronoamperometric behavior of the composites. This indicates that mass transport rate limitations also should be considered, in addition to the presence of a distribution of PPy redox potentials, as an explanation for the shapes of the voltammetric peaks. A specific charge capacity of ∼220 C g−1 is obtained for all composites in voltammetric experiments performed at a scan rate of 1 mV s−1 and this capacity is retained also at scan rates up to 50 mV s−1 for the high porosity composites. The composites should be applicable as electrodes in structural batteries and as membranes in ion exchange applications requiring exchange membranes of high mechanical integrity or high porosity.
Detection wavelength of InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells and superlattices (2002)

InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum well structures have been shown to be versatile for infrared detection. By changing the material composition, one can tune the detection wavelength from 2 to 35 μm and beyond. However, there have been few systematic calculations on the absorption wavelength of these structures with respect to their structural parameters. In this work we have adopted the transfer-matrix method to calculate both their energy levels and the wave functions. From this calculation, the absorption and the responsivity spectra of the structures can be predicted. The theory agrees with the experimental result of the test structures. Supported by the experimental evidence, we applied the calculation to a general class of midwavelength detectors and thus established a useful guideline for the detector design in this wavelength range.
Additive Manufacturing of Polymer Matrix Composites (2018)

Due to the developments and the interest of leading aerospace companies, additive manufacturing (AM) has become a highly discussed topic in the last decades. This is mainly due to its capability of producing parts with high geometrical complexity, short manufacturing lead times, and suitability for customization as well as for low-volume production. As is the case with aircraft fuselage body where weight reduction while keeping the demanding mechanical properties is of uttermost importance, modern technology applications sometimes need materials with unusual combinations of properties that cannot be solely provided by metals, polymers, or ceramics. In this case, composite materials combining two or more materials allow having the preferred properties in one material. Thus, AM of composites is becoming more and more important for critical applications. Fiber reinforcement can significantly enhance the properties of resins/polymeric matrix materials. Although continuous fiber composites even present higher mechanical performance, the manufacturing methods for chopped fibers are more commercially available. This chapter reviews the studies in the field involving many aspects spanning from design, process technology, and applications to available equipment.
Inhibition of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 by plantaricin UG1 in vitro and in food (2000)

The inhibition of Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 viable growth by Lactobacillus plantarum UG1 bacteriocin (plantaricin UG1) in vitro and in food (pasteurized milk and minced meat) was studied. The inhibitory effect against B. cereus food-borne pathogen noticed in this study was due to plantaricin UG1, but not due to lactic acid produced by the L. plantarum UG1 culture. Plataricin UG1 negative clone did not affect viable growth of B. cereus in both broth and meat or pasteurized milk. The inhibitory effect of L. plantarum UG1 and its bacteriocion was apparently more in liquid systems (BHI broth & pasteurized milk) than in minced meat. The inhibitory effect of plantaricin UG1 against B. cereus was dependent on its concentration. The 22880 AU/ml concentration appeared to be an ideal preservative against B. cereus ATCC 14579 in liquid systems.