gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An EM-based joint maximum likelihood estimation of carrier frequency offset and channel for uplink ofdma systems (2005)

A maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) based on expectation maximization (EM) method is presented to jointly estimate the carrier frequency offset (CFO) and the channel of each user in uplink OFDMA systems. The proposed MLE distinguishes itself from existing methods by its applicability to any arbitrary carrier assignment schemes. The proposed MLE achieves high computational efficiency by transforming a multidimensional maximization problem into a number of substantially smaller separate maximization problems. Computer experiments have been conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed estimators in estimation accuracy and robustness against the near-far effect.
Reversed(5′-3′)Oligonucleotide Synthesis on Oxalyl-CPG Support (1999)

Abstract A solid-phase reversed(5′-3′) oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis on oxalyl and succinyl aminopropyl controlled-pore glass (CPG) is presented. Oxalyl linked oligomers are deprotected without cleavage fiom the support.
Development of Cryogenic Power Modules for Superconducting Hybrid Power Electronic System (2008)

This paper presents the developments of high-performance integrated cryogenic power modules, where both driver components and power MOSFETs are integrated in a single package. These modules are designed to be used in liquid nitrogen environment with extreme thermal cycling for the cryogenic power inverters. Compact high-voltage, cryogenic integrated power modules with single power MOSFET that exhibited more than 14x improvement in on-resistance and continuous current-carrying capability exceeding 40A. A multi-power MOSFETs integrated cryogenic power module is then developed in order to further increase the power density and reduce the size and weight of the cryogenic power system. The multi-power MOSFETs module was demonstrated to be able to carry a current above 100A with only a small increase in footprint compared with the single power MOSFET module. At the current level of 100A, the multi-power MOSFETs module has an on-resistance of 5.5mU` at 77K, which is 6 times smaller than that of the single power MOSFET integrated module developed. Two different design approaches taken in the developments of these modules are discussed in this paper.
Cotranslational Folding of Globin (1997)

Globin synthesis in a wheat germ cell-free translation system was performed in the presence of [3H]hemin and [35S]methionine to determine the minimal length of the nascent ribosome-bound globin chain capable of heme binding. Nascent polypeptides of predetermined size were synthesized on ribosomes by translation of truncated mRNA molecules. Analysis with the use of sucrose gradient centrifugation and puromycin reaction revealed that the ribosome-bound N-terminal alpha-globin fragments of 140, 100, and 86 amino acid residues are capable of an efficient heme binding, whereas those of 75, 65, and 34 amino acid residues display a significantly weaker, or just nonspecific, affinity to heme. This indicates that the ribosome-bound nascent chain of 86 amino acid residues has already acquired a spatial structure that allows its interaction with the heme group or that heme attachment promotes the formation of the proper tertiary structure in the ribosome-bound nascent peptide. In any case the cotranslational folding of globin is suggested.
P-selectin, L-selectin, and alpha 4 integrin have distinct roles in eosinophil tethering and arrest on vascular endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions (1997)

The adhesive interactions of eosinophils with purified E-, P-, and L-selectins; vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 molecule; and HUVEC were examined in shear flow. Compared with neutrophils, eosinophils showed markedly less binding to E-selectin, but significantly stronger avidity for P-selectin. Both cell types showed a similar level of tethering and rolling on L-selectin. Eosinophils tethered and arrested abruptly on vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. However, some of the tethers were detached within several seconds; this was prevented by stimulation with eotaxin. Eosinophils also showed immediate arrest on HUVEC stimulated with 100 U/ml TNF-alpha for 6 h. Treatment with L-selectin mAb decreased eosinophil accumulation on the HUVEC by abrogating secondary tethers through interactions between flowing and attached eosinophils. mAb to P-selectin but not to E-selectin strongly inhibited primary tethers and accumulation of eosinophils. mAb to the integrin alpha 4 subunit inhibited arrest, induced rolling or detachment of tethered eosinophils, and resulted in partial reduction of eosinophil accumulation. mAb to the integrin beta 2 subunit had only a slight effect, whereas treatment with mAb to the integrin alpha 4 and beta 2 subunits together abolished rolling interactions as well as arrest, and thus almost totally inhibited eosinophil accumulation. Our data indicate that P-selectin, but not E-selectin, is directly involved in eosinophil tethering on inflammatory endothelium while L-selectin mainly mediates intereosinophil interaction. VLA-4 has a crucial role in eosinophil arrest, and arrest is enhanced by exposure to chemoattractants.
Immunoglobulin A-Specific Capture Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Dengue Fever (1998)

Dengue fever (DF) is usually diagnosed by testing for dengue virus immunoglobulin M (IgM) by a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (MAC-ELISA). However, IgM can last for months, and its presence might reflect a previous infection. We have tested the use of anti-dengue virus IgA capture ELISA (AAC-ELISA) for the diagnosis of DF by comparing the results of MAC-ELISAs and AAC-ELISAs for 178 serum samples taken from patients with confirmed cases of DF. IgM appears more rapidly (mean delay of positivity, 3.8 days after the onset of DF) than IgA (4.6 days) but lasts longer; the peak IgA titer is obtained on day 8. The specificity and the positive predictive value of AAC-ELISA are 100%; its sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) are also 100% between days 6 and 25 after the onset of DF, but they decrease drastically when data for tests conducted with specimens from the first days of infection are included, because the IgA titers, like the IgM titers, have not yet risen. AAC-ELISA is a simple method that can be performed together with MAC-ELISA and that can help in interpreting DF serology.
Concept acquisition in example-based grammar authoring (2003)

To facilitate the development of speech enabled applications and services, we have been working on an example-based semantic grammar authoring tool. Previous studies have shown that the tool has not only significantly reduced the grammar development effort but also yielded grammars of better qualities. However, the tool requires extra human involvement when ambiguities exist in the process of grammar rule induction. In this paper we present an algorithm that is able to automatically resolve the segmentation ambiguities, hence acquire the language expressions for the concepts involved. Preliminary experiment results show that the expectation-maximization algorithm we investigated has not only eliminated the human involvement in ambiguity resolution but also improved the overall spoken language understanding accuracy.
Recherche de souches naturelles du <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> dans différents biotopes, à travers le monde (1997)

A screening programme to isolate new strains of the entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis was undertaken on 4887 samples of various sources from 101 countries over the world: 1260 strains of the bacillus were isolated. Dust from mills and silos, as well as insects from nature, were more successful sources than soil samples, which emphasizes the diversity of biotopes where the bacillus is encountered. Electrophoretic characterization reveals the genetic variability of the species. An analysis of insecticidal properties of the isolated strains was performed on four insect species: Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), Spodoptera littoralis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Locusta migratoria or Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae). The most frequent strains (54%) were producing crystals constituted of proteins with molecular masses of 130–140 or 66 and 130–140 kDa and were toxic to Lepidoptera larvae. A significant number of strains (31) were larvicidal to Coleoptera while only one, H14 serotype, was active on Diptera. Numerous strains synthesize crystals made up of proteins with size differing from the already known toxins. Most of these strains were nonactive against the four insect species tested. One strain showing a protein band at 73 kDa had no insecticidal activity against P. cochleariae while it was toxic to P. xylostella.Key words: Bacillus thuringiensis, new strains, distribution, Lepidoptera, Coleoptera.
Intelligent Systems and Social Management (2011)

EIC Fei-Yeu Wang introduces this special issue on social and economic computing and discusses the role of social computing and the Internet in society today.
Modified iterative model based on data extrapolation method to reduce Gibbs ringing (1991)

Abstract An iterative algorithm that involves image filtering and data replacement (as suggested by Constable and Henkelman) is investigated for reducing the Gibbs artifact in magnetic resonance imaging. The image is processed with an edge‐preserving filter to estimate the height and location of a set of model elements (ó functions or boxes) for generating the missing high‐frequency information. Filtering was performed in the complex image domain to account for discontinuities in phase as well as magnitude. The process is repeated after each data replacement to handle varying degrees of contrast. The convergence and signal‐to‐noise characteristics of the algorithm are investigated by means of simulated and clinical examples. The results indicate that the algorithm performs reasonably well in reducing ringing artifacts due to nearby edge contrast seen in most of the homogeneous, isointense regions. Nevertheless, it may generate some spurious thickening of structures that do not match the assumed step‐edge models.
Carbohydrate antigen 19‐9‐positive prostatic ductal adenocarcinoma effectively treated with cisplatin and gemcitabine (2007)

We performed a radical retropubic prostatectomy on a 59-year-old male patient who was diagnosed with prostatic carcinoma. Pathological findings revealed a ductal adenocarcinoma in the left lobe of the prostate, and a conventional well-differentiated adenocarcinoma in the right lobe. Immunohistochemistry revealed that CA19-9 was positive in the ductal adenocarcinoma, and prostate-specific antigen was positive in the conventional well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Since there was an increase in the level of serum CA19-9, which had decreased postoperatively, along with the appearance of local recurrence and bone metastasis, we treated the patient with cisplatin and gemcitabine. As a result, the level of serum CA19-9 was normalized and a reduction of the metastatic focus was observed.
5,5-Disubstituted barbituric acids and their analogues (1983)

Condensation of 2-substituted triethyl esters of 2-carboxy-1,7-heptanedioic acids XIV - XIX with urea afforded 5-substituted 5-(4-carboxybutyl)barbituric acids I - VI . Similarly, thiourea and the triethyl esters XIV and/or XVI gave the analogous 5-substituted 5-(4-carboxybutyl)-2-thiobarbituric acids, VII and VIII respectively. Condensation of guanidine with triethyl esters XIX - XXI produced 5-substituted derivatives of 5-(4-carboxybutyl)-2-amino-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-4,6-dioxopyrimidine, IX -XI . Reactions of the acids II and IV with glycine ethyl ester, using the method of mixed anhydrides, gave rise to ethoxycarbonylmethylamides, XII and XIII respectively. Some of the compounds prepared exhibited enhancing effects on 5-fluorouracil in curing leukemic mice, and antineoplastic activity, manifesting itself by reducing the size of transplanted tumours in experimental animals.
Performance analysis of multicast-based localized mobility support scheme in IPv6 networks (2004)

Providing Internet data services is recognized as an important service in the next generation wireless communication networks. To realize such mobile Internet services, host mobility has to be supported. As a basic solution to the problem, Mobile IPv6 is proposed in the IETF for IPv6 networks. We propose a multicast-based localized mobility support scheme in IPv6 networks. The proposed scheme utilizes a class of multicast protocols, PIM-SM (protocol independent multicast - sparse mode), and auto-configuration of multicast group addresses in the visited network. The objectives of the proposed scheme are to reduce signaling to the Internet backbone and to maximize data delivery efficiency during frequent handoffs. Through simulation, the performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed in terms of packet loss and throughput. The results show that the proposed scheme gives better performance than Mobile IPv6 and Hierarchical Mobile IPv6.
Diagnostic and prognostic value of procalcitonin in patients with septic shock (2004)

These data indicate that procalcitonin may be a valuable early diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with septic shock.
Embedded DRAM: Technology platform for the Blue Gene/L chip (2005)

The Blue Gene®/L chip is a technological tour de force that embodies the system-on-a-chip concept in its entirety. This paper outlines the salient features of this 130-nm complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology, including the IBM unique embedded dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology. Crucial to the execution of Blue Gene/L is the simultaneous instantiation of multiple PowerPC® cores, high-performance static random access memory (SRAM), DRAM, and several other logic design blocks on a single-platform technology. The IBM embedded DRAM platform allows this seamless integration without compromising performance, reliability, or yield. We discuss the process architecture, the key parameters of the logic components used in the processor cores and other logic design blocks, the SRAM features used in the L2 cache, and the embedded DRAM that forms the L3 cache. We also discuss the evolution of embedded DRAM technology into a higher-performance space in the 90-nm and 65-nm nodes and the potential for dynamic memory to improve overall memory subsystem performance.
Proximal and tracheal airway pressures during different modes of mechanical ventilation: An animal model study (1994)

HFJV provides adequate respiratory support at lower P(aw) than CMV and HFO. Proximal P(aw) closely reflects tracheal P(aw) during CMV and HFJV. However, with HFO great pressure differences between the proximal and tracheal airways are evident. Therefore, additional intratracheal airway pressure monitoring seems to be very useful for optimizing ventilator settings during HFO.
Pharmacological Actions of Melatonin in Acute and Chronic Inflammation (2002)

A vast number of experimental and clinical studies implicates oxygen-derived free radicals (especially, superoxide and the hydroxyl radical) and high energy oxidants (such as peroxynitrite) as mediators of acute and chronic inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the pharmacological actions of melatonin in acute and chronic inflammation. Reactive oxygen species can modulate a wide range of toxic oxidative reactions. These include initiation of lipid peroxidation, direct inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes, inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, inhibition of membrane sodium/potassium ATPase activity, inactivation of membrane sodium channels, and other oxidative modifications of proteins. Reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. These toxic reactions are likely to play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammation. Melatonin has been shown to possess both in vitro and in vivo important antioxidant activities as well as to inhibit the activation of poly (ADP ribose) synthetase. A large number of experimental studies have documented that melatonin exerts important anti-inflammatory actions.
Comparison of the Sensitivity of Sputum and Brush Cytology in the Diagnosis of Lung Carcinomas (1997)

A complementary role of both cytologic techniques can be postulated by our data as well as by a literature review.
Medieval Concepts and Practices (1971)

To understand the nature of modern concepts of political representation, some account must be given of the historical developments which led to the emergence of these concepts. Most modern debates on the subject are conducted in terms of ideas which were first advanced many decades (if not centuries) ago and the only way to get a clear grasp of these ideas is to know something of the circumstances in which they originated. It would not be appropriate in this study to proceed step by step through the history of political representation but it will be helpful to look at the periods when significant movements of ideas took place. We shall begin with the period when representative institutions were first established as part of the machinery of secular government.
Model based detection of rotor faults without rotor position sensor-the sensorless Vienna monitoring method (2003)

This contribution deals with an extended approach of the Vienna monitoring method (VMM), which is a model based technique to detect rotor asymmetries in the squirrel cage of an induction machine. The conventional VMM requires the measured voltages, currents and the signal of a rotor position sensor. The novel scheme presented in this paper alternatively works without a rotor position sensor. Especially for low inertia drives accurate estimation of rotor position is required. The rotor fault related double slip frequency torque modulation causes a speed ripple with the same frequency. Consequently, low inertia drives are exposed to higher speed ripples. In this case, it's not sufficient to estimate the mean value of the actual speed, only. Even the speed ripple has to be acquired to benefit from the accuracy of the employed models of the VMM. The proposed technique evaluates the signatures of an inherent rotor fault in order to determine the rotor position signal. The speed ripple can be obtained from the torque modulations that the models already compute. This way, an accurate rotor fault detection technique without rotor position sensor can be realized.
Magnetic resonance fingerprinting using echo‐planar imaging: Joint quantification of T<sub>1</sub> and relaxation times (2016)

The proposed MRF-EPI method provides fast and accurate T<sub>1</sub> and T2∗ quantification. This approach offers a rapid supplement to the non-Cartesian MRF portfolio, with potentially increased usability and robustness. Magn Reson Med 78:1724-1733, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
New types of synthetic infusion solutions. III. Elimination and retention of poly‐[<i>N</i>‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide] in a test organism (1976)

The elimination and retention of a new, fully synthetic plasma prosthesis of Czechoslovak origin under the working name of Duxon (poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]) was investigated in experiments on rabbits by using a 14C-labeled polymer. Results published earlier on elimination have been confirmed and extended. Retention was examined after repeated application. The effect of molecular weight prevailed both in elimination and in retention. Polymers of lower molecular weights, which possess a good therapeutical effect, are not permanently deposited in the organism.
A case of ulcerative colitis associated with teprotumumab treatment for thyroid eye disease (2021)

Teprotumumab is an insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) inhibitor demonstrated to improve proptosis in patients with active thyroid eye disease. Most adverse events reported are mild or moderate in severity; however, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a serious adverse event that can develop as a result of treatment.
A New Class of Microstrip Directional Couplers (1970)

By using Cohn's slotline in combination with a microstrip, simple 90/spl deg/ as well as 180/spl deg/ directional couplers of any coupling value can be made. As examples an ultra flat 10 db coupler for 1 - 12 GHz, an octave wide (2 - 4 GHz) magic tee and an almost lumped proximity coupler for 2 - 8 GHz (all on alumina substrate) have been made.
Comparison of the Practical Resolving Power of One- and Two-Dimensional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Analysis of Metabolomic Samples (2007)

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) has become a mainstay of proteomics research due to its higher peak capacity compared to one-dimensional LC (1DLC). Because of the long analysis times typically associated with 2DLC (tens of hours) and its use primarily in proteomics applications, 2DLC in the context of general HPLC has been regarded as a niche technique for use in analysis of mixtures containing hundreds to thousands of components compared to the far more common techniques of isocratic and gradient elution 1DLC. A significant next step in the analytical development of 2DLC is to consider using its higher resolving power to reduce the analysis time of rather "simple" mixtures, in the range of only tens to hundreds of chemical constituents. The chief objective of this paper is to provide guidance to practitioners who need to decide whether 1DLC or 2DLC gives the superior separation in a given analysis time. Conditional peak capacities are predicted for fully optimized 1DLC and practical 2DLC separations of the low molecular weight constituents of an extract of corn seed at several analysis times using a model based on the chromatographic properties of compounds that are representative of real mixtures of lower molecular weight species. Two important corrections to the ideal 2DLC peak capacity are made to account for both incomplete usage of the separation space and the serious effect of first-dimension undersampling; this allows, we believe for the first time, a fair comparison of the resolving power of 1D- and 2DLC under realistic conditions. The predicted optimum conditions are then used to carry out experimental separations of low molecular weight corn seed extract, and peaks are counted in each 1D- and 2DLC chromatogram. Based on comparisons of both the predicted peak capacities and number of peaks observed in experimental chromatograms, we believe that practical 2DLC will be superior to fully optimized gradient 1DLC for separations lasting more than only about 10 min. This crossover time is much shorter than intuitively expected, and we believe this finding will inevitably have a major impact on the practice of 2DLC in liquid-phase separations in general.
Restoration of radially blurred image created by spherical single lens system of cell phone camera (2010)

In this research, a method is proposed to restore the radially blurred image which is produced by a spherical double convex single lens imaging system designed for cell phone cameras. This is a new study because the pieces of lens for cell phone camera has reduced to one compared to the widely accepted compound lens system that uses several pieces of lens nowadays. However, single lens imaging system introduces stronger aberrations than compound lens system, especially the radially increased blurring effect. To deal with it, a novel method is studied that restore the blurred image by deconvolving polar blurred image and polar Point Spread Functions (PSFs) converted from Cartesian coordinate system. Simulation results suggest the proposed method is applicable to both computer-created gray scale test image and natural color photographs.