gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of the light emissions from zinc oxide films by controlling the post-treatment ambient (2002)

Highly-oriented zinc oxide (ZnO) films were grown on quartz glass substrates by radio frequency magnetron sputtering method. The temperature dependence of the photoluminescence spectra of the ZnO films annealed in argon, argon mixed with 5% hydrogen (H2/Ar) and oxygen ambient, respectively, was investigated from −190 to 600 °C. Results shown that UV light emission was greatly enhanced by annealing the as-grown ZnO film in H2/Ar ambient. Meanwhile, strong visible light emission was observed from the ZnO film annealed in oxygen ambient, and intense emissions in both UV and visible region were obtained from the ZnO films annealed in argon ambient. The UV emission from the ZnO films showed a high thermal stability that can be clearly observed up to 400 °C. The effect of the annealing ambient and the photoluminescence temperature dependence are discussed with the relations to the structural defects.
Material removal in magnetorheological finishing of optics (2011)

A concept of material removal based on the principle of conservation of particles momentum in a binary suspension is applied to analyze material removal in magnetorheological finishing and magnetorheological jet processes widely used in precision optics fabrication. According to this concept, a load for surface indentation by abrasive particles is provided at their interaction near the wall with heavier basic (magnetic) particles, which fluctuate (due to collision) in the shear flow of concentrated suspension. The model is in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental results.
A 60-GHz-band monolithic HJFET LNA incorporating a diode-regulated self-bias circuit (1997)

This paper presents a 60-GHz-band GaAs heterojunction FET (HJFET) low-noise amplifier (LNA) operating with a single bias supply. A diode-regulated self-bias circuit was incorporated for suppressing the FET drain-current variations due to threshold voltage nonuniformities. The effect of the bias circuit on the drain-current distribution is carefully discussed based on the FET dc characteristics. A developed three-stage monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) LNA exhibited an average noise figure of 3.3 dB with 18-dB gain from 58 to 62 GHz. The LNA could operate over 2-5 V with a constant noise figure. The LNA chip size is 1.85 mm/spl times/1.07 mm.
Recent advances in surface‐enhanced Raman scattering detection technology for microfluidic chips (2008)

Microfluidic chip devices and their application to sensitive chemical and biological analyses have attracted significant attention over the past decade. The miniaturization of reaction systems offers practical advantages over conventional benchtop systems. In this case, however, a highly sensitive on-chip detection method is important for the monitoring of chemical reactions as well as for the detection of analytes inside the channel because the detection volume in a micrometer-size channel is extremely small. Recently, a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique is being regarded as a potential candidate for the highly sensitive detection of analytes in a microfluidic chip. This review provides a general survey and an in-depth look at recent developments in SERS techniques for the biological/environmental analysis of minute analytes in a microfluidic chip.
Posterior probability intervals in Bayesian wavelet estimation (2004)

We use saddlepoint approximation to derive credible intervals for Bayesian wavelet regression estimates. Simulations show that the resulting intervals perform better than the best existing method.
European Concerted Action on Anticoagulation. Use of Plasma Samples to Derive International Sensitivity Index for Whole-Blood Prothrombin Time Monitors (2002)

Provided that an appropriate calcium chloride concentration is used, the plasma PT results can be used for accurate ISI calibration of two of these three whole-blood POCT systems. Precision criteria need to be modified for POCT monitors.
Cigarette Smoke Inhalation Decreases α <sub>1</sub> -Antitrypsin Activity in Rat Lung (1979)

Brief inhalation exposure of rats to three or six puffs of cigarette smoke significantly decreases elastase inhibitory capacity per milligram of alpha 1-antitrypsin in lung lavage fluid. This effect is not observed in ozone-tolerant rats and can be reversed by treating the lung lavage fluid from smoke-exposed rats with reducing agents. Samples of human serum obtained immediately after smoking also show decreased elastase inhibitory capacity per milligram of alpha 1-antitrypsin. Again, elastase inhibitory capacity can be restored by treatment with a reducing agent. Cigarette smoking may cause emphysema by inactivating alpha 1-antitrypsin through oxidation.
In Vitro Characterization of Solvent/Detergent‐Treated Human Plasma and of Quarantine Fresh Frozen Plasma (1998)

There are no critical reductions of the activities of clotting factors, inhibitors, and other important plasma proteins due to S/D treatment. Efficacy and safety of S/D plasma is not hampered by reduced activities of protein S and plasmin inhibitor. Dosage calculation and the evaluation of clinical response is simplified by usage of the more standardized S/D plasma compared to QFFP.
FOXP3 gene expression in multiple sclerosis patients pre- and post mesenchymal stem cell therapy. (2011)

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), which mainly affects young adults. Activated T lymphocytes promote the neuro-inflammatory cascade of MS by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines and play a significant role in its pathogenesis. T lymphocytes may trigger the inflammation, which in turn leads to axonal loss and neurodegeneration observed in the course of MS. Currently, there is no cure for MS, however, one of the most promising neuroprotective research tools consists of the use of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). This method promotes immune system regulation and possibly induces neurological repair and re-myelination of the damaged axons. Recent studies have shown that MSC exert an immune regulatory function and induce T regulatory-cell proliferation, therefore, it may serve as a potentially useful treatment for immune-mediated diseases such as MS. In this pilot study a group of MS patients underwent MSC therapy and we assayed the expression of an X-linked transcription factor, FoxP3, as a specific marker of T Regulatory cells in peripheral blood, prior to and after the treatment. Using q RT-PCR for measurement of expression of FoxP3 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells, we found that in all subjects, except for one, the expression of FoxP3 at 6 months after intrathecal injection of MSC was significantly higher than the levels prior to treatment. Such significant enhanced expression of FoxP3 associated with clinical stability. Findings from this pilot study further support the potential of bone marrow derived MSC for treatment of MS patients.
Characterization of coaggregation between Bacteroides gingivalis T22 and Fusobacterium nucleatum T18 (1989)

Bacterial adherence is a key factor in the colonization of the oral ecosystem, yet little is known about the mechanisms by which the pathogen Bacteroides gingivalis adheres in the periodontal environment. We examined the ability of strains of B. gingivalis to coaggregate with selected microorganisms isolated from the subgingival microbiota of the cynomolgus monkey. A strong interaction was demonstrated between strains of B. gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, whereas less pronounced or no interaction was observed with other oral isolates. Electron microscopic examination of coaggregates revealed large masses of bacteria, in which the fusiform F. nucleatum T18 and coccobacillary B. gingivalis T22 cells formed a woven pattern. To investigate this interaction and the nature of the bacterial cell surface molecules involved, we used a microcoaggregation assay. Galactose and galactose-related sugars blocked coaggregation, in contrast with the lack of effect of glucose or glucose-related sugars. The ability of F. nucleatum T18 cells to coaggregate was diminished by pretreatment with pronase. Pretreatment of B. gingivalis T22 cells with pronase resulted in an inhibition of coaggregation, whereas pretreatment with sodium metaperiodate completely abolished coaggregation. These data suggest that the coaggregation between B. gingivalis T22 and F. nucleatum T18 represents a carbohydrate-lectin interaction, mediated by a galactose-containing carbohydrate on B. gingivalis T22 and a protein on F. nucleatum T18.
Point-Focus Concentration Compact Telescoping Array: Extreme Environments Solar Power Base Phase Final Report (2017)

Orbital ATK, in partnership with Mark ONeill LLC (MOLLC), has developed a novel solar array platform, PFC-CTA, which provides a significant advance in performance and cost reduction compared to all currently available space solar systems. PFC refers to the Point Focus Concentration of light provided by MOLLCs thin, flat Fresnel optics. These lenses focus light to a point of approximately 100 times the intensity of the ambient light, onto a solar cell of approximately 125th the size of the lens. CTA stands for Compact Telescoping Array, which is the solar array blanket structural platform originally devised by NASA and currently being advanced by Orbital ATK and partners under NASA and AFRL funding to a projected TRL 5+ by late-2018.The NASA Game Changing Development Extreme Environment Solar Power (EESP) Base Phase study has enabled Orbital ATK to refine component designs, perform component level and system performance analyses, and test prototype hardware of the key elements of PFC-CTA, and increased the TRL of PFC-specific technology elements to TRL 4. Key performance metrics currently projected are as follows: Scalability from 5 kW to 300 kW per wing (AM0); Specific Power 500 Wkg (AM0); Stowage Efficiency 100 kWm3; 5:1 margin on pointing tolerance vs. capability; 50 launched cost savings; Wide range of operability between Venus and Saturn by active andor passive thermal management.
FLOW CONTROL AND SPRAY CLOUD DYNAMICS FROM HYDRAULIC ATOMIZERS (2002)

Operational demands on agricultural nozzles require wide ranges of volumetric flowrate with minimal changein droplet size spectra. Effective deposition and efficacy of contact pesticides is often enhanced as droplet size decreases,provided that sufficient energy and momentum are retained in the spray cloud. This study used PDPA experiments to measuredroplet diameters and velocities in agricultural sprays from a fan nozzle. When either pressure reduction or pulse widthmodulation were used to reduce spray nozzle flowrate, then droplet velocity, specific momentum, and kinetic energy of thespray were reduced. Pulsing was significantly more effective at retaining droplet velocity and specific momentum and kineticenergy within the spray. Pulsed sprays retained 2 to 3fold more kinetic energy at equivalent flowrates than was achievedby pressure variation. The relationship between droplet diameter and velocity was well described by a fiveparameter, doublyasymptotic model. Specific momentum and kinetic energy of sprays were linearly related to flowrate with pulsed sprays; forvariable pressure sprays, these characteristics decreased sharply with flowrate.
Comparative metabolism of famoxadone in fish, plants and animals (1999)

The fate and comparative metabolism of famoxadone in fish, plants and animals were evaluated. Famoxadone residues were retained by the fish after exposure (BCF 2800), mainly in the viscera; however, rapid and complete elimination/depuration of the absorbed residues occurred within seven days after the exposed fish were placed in untreated water. Minimal absorption, translocation, and metabolism of famoxadone were observed in grape and potato plants after foliar treatment. Metabolism of famoxadone in the wheat plants, rats, goats, and poultry was extensive. Transfer of 14C-residues to the wheat grain, milk, eggs, organs and tissues was minimal. Common metabolic reactions of famoxadone in plants and animals include aryl hydroxylation, cleavage of the anilino-oxazolidinedione and phenoxy-phenyl ether linkages, opening of the oxazolidinedione ring and conjugation.
Amino acid requirements for the growth and production of some exocellular products of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (1989)

A simple, defined synthetic medium has been developed for the growth of a toxic-shock-syndrome-associated Staphylococcus aureus strain (FRI 1187) in continuous culture, which gives a high growth yield and assayable amounts of acid phosphatase, haemolytic activity, hyaluronate lyase and toxic-shock-syndrome toxin-1. It consists of multiple ions, ammonium sulphate, glucose, cystine, aspartate, glutamate, arginine, glycine, proline, nicotinic acid and thiamine.
Automatic Detection of the Left Ventricular Outline in Angiographs Using Television Signal Processing Techniques (1975)

Structures characterized by a brightness contour can be automatically detected when the information is carried by a video signal. The detection system described here processes the available position and brightness information of the picture in a way closely related to the features of such structures. Real time processing of the picture information is made possible by the use of very simple memories. The electronic implementation of the detection procedure is dedicated to the extraction of the left ventricular contour out of angiographs. Compared with manual contour tracking the application in diagnostic cardiology will lead to a considerable time saving and improved reproducibility.
How small should a document thumbnail be? (2006)

Viewing document images on small devices is a challenge. When showing a region of a page for reading on a small display a page overview is generally lost. If a page overview is desired, typically a low resolution version of the image fitting a small array of pixels - a thumbnail - is provided. Whereas the readability of text in thumbnails is often lost, document layout information may or may not be preserved. Preserving document layout information in thumbnails is the goal of this paper. We derive models for controlling the preservation of document layout information in thumbnails by determining the size of a thumbnail depending on the layout content of the document. The downsampling factor for a document image will depend on its layout information, such that layout units will be visually separate after scaling. The link between scaling factors and document layout information is created through novel models, White Space Graphs and White Space Trees. These models enable control over enhancement and suppression of document layout structures during scaling. Minimal scaling factors can be derived that assure visual separability of a controlled set of layout units after scaling. Those scaling factors depends on the document content as well as user and display specifications.
Geotechnics of Waste Fill (1990)

Geotechnical investigations of waste fills are rarely undertaken, and consequently far too little is known by the geotechnical community about the engineering properties of fill, particularly waste fill such as refuse and woodwaste. In many communities waste fills are being used to create recreational areas to elevations significantly above the original terrain. Slope stability then becomes an important consideration. In addition many communities have expanded to encompass waste fill areas once thought to be beyond the limits of development. The engineering properties and long-term behaviour of these fill areas are therefore important to land use considerations. In 1983 the authors initiated a programme of investigations of the geotechnical properties of waste materials. Particular emphasis was placed on refuse landfills and woodwastes such as barkfill (hogfuel), sludge and ash wastes. Novel equipment and methods had to be introduced both in the field and in the laboratory. The field investigations were carried out in waste fills across Canada. Much of this work had to be concerned with the development of suitable equipment and test procedures. It is concluded that geotechnical investigations of these unusual and difficult materials are feasible, as long as it is recognized that conventional testing methods and analyses may not apply and that a different approach is required. No direct evidence was found that the shear strength of refuse changes with the degree of decomposition.
The contribution of prostaglandin production to contractions of the isolated uterus of the rat (1973)

1. Indomethacin and meclofenamate, both of which are potent inhibitors of prostaglandin synthetase, antagonized the contractor effects of oxytocin on the isolated uterus from the non-pregnant rat. Contractions induced by acetylcholine or prostaglandin F(2a) were not antagonized.2. Uteri from rats 17-22 days pregnant exhibited intermittent spontaneous contractions when used as isolated preparations. They also released prostaglandin-like activity (mainly similar to F(2a)) into the bathing fluid. Both the prostaglandin release and the uterine activity were abolished by indomethacin. Activity could be restored by addition of low concentrations of prostaglandin E(2) or F(2a).3. The release of prostaglandin F(2a)-like activity by the uteri increased dramatically on the expected day of delivery (day 22).4. The results add force to the hypothesis that the spontaneous activity of some isolated organs is due to an intramural prostaglandin generation, and that increased uterine prostaglandin production contributes to the expulsion of the foetus.
A LINEAR ARRAY FOR LARGE SPARSE MATRIX OPERATIONS - I CHOLESKY FACTORIZATION (1999)

Abstract Achieving efficiency in parallel sparse sub-matrix Cholesky factorization is known to be difficult. The relevance of the underlying architecture in obtaining good performance is demonstrated, by choosing the linear array. The linear array architecture is chosen to suit the data flow pattern inherent to sub-matrix Cholesky scheme. The linear array is synthesized on the reconfigurable transputer based PARAM (and the MEIKO CSN) machine. The data structure used is an array of linked lists. Results obtained indicate almost linear speed-up up to 64 processors though the tests were conducted for 128 processors This highlights the significance of the underlying architecture for an efficient parallel implementation. Keywords: Cholesky factorizationLinear arrayParallel solutionSparse matrix Notes * Corresponding author.
A Retrospective and A Prospectus for the Future (2008)

All participants in the wealth management industry perceive, acknowledge, see, talk about, and openly discuss the dramatic transformation of the investment world. Yet few in the industry fully grasp the changes that have transformed the world of the family office and the private investor. Emboldened by a greater sense of responsibility and a confidence born of newfound opportunities for education and peer networking, private investors have shattered many of the myths that were widely held constructs in the industry in 1990—myths that informed business models and governed the formation of private client teams in trust departments, private banks, brokerages, and investment firms. To be sure, the industry has evolved along the way, but much work still needs to be done. To create and execute new standards of excellence, wealth managers must continue to move toward a new industry paradigm, one that embraces a more rigorous client discovery process, greater transparency on fees, and more candid client communications. Increasingly firms will recognize that they can’t (profitably!) be all things to all clients. <b>TOPIC:</b>Wealth management
Japanese Army Factionalism in the Early 1930's (1962)

In recent years, the influence of the military on modern Japanese history has been the subject of several excellent analyses.1 Since these studies have sought to explain the major events of the prewar period, they concentrated more on the significance of army factionalism vis a vis political developments, than on the nature of this factionalism. The purpose of this article is to explore the tangled web of factionalism within the Imperial Army in the 1932–36 period. Since this topic presents many complex problems, it may help to review briefly the sources of information on army factions that appeared immediately after the end of the Pacific War.
Hepatic glycogen in humans. II. Gluconeogenetic formation after oral and intravenous glucose (1989)

The amount of glycogen that is formed by gluconeogenetic pathways during glucose loading was quantitated in human subjects. Oral glucose loading was compared with its intravenous administration. Overnight-fasted subjects received a constant infusion or [3-3H]glucose and a marker for gluconeogenesis, [U-14C]lactate or sodium [14C]bicarbonate [14C]bicarbonate). An unlabeled glucose load was then administered. Postabsorptively, or after glucose infusion was terminated, a third tracer ([6-3H]glucose) infusion was initiated along with a three-step glucagon infusion. Without correcting for background stimulation of [14C]glucose production or for dilution of 14C with citric acid cycle carbon in the oxaloacetate pool, the amount of glycogen mobilized by the glucagon infusion that was produced by gluconeogenesis during oral glucose loading was 2.9 +/- 0.7 g calculated from [U-14C]-lactate incorporation and 7.4 +/- 1.3 g calculated using [14C]bicarbonate as a gluconeogenetic marker. During intravenous glucose administration the latter measurement also yielded 7.2 +/- 1.1 g. When the two corrections above are applied, the respective quantities became 5.3 +/- 1.7 g for [U-14C]lactate as tracer and 14.7 +/- 4.3 and 13.9 +/- 3.6 g for oral and intravenous glucose with [14C]bicarbonate as tracer (P less than 0.05, vs. [14C]-lactate as tracer). When [2-14C]acetate was infused, the same amount of label was incorporated into mobilized glycogen regardless of which route of glucose administration was used. Comparison with previous data also suggests that 14CO2 is a potentially useful marker for the gluconeogenetic process in vivo.
Immunohistochemical evidence for the brevican‐tenascin‐R interaction: Colocalization in perineuronal nets suggests a physiological role for the interaction in the adult rat brain (1999)

Brevican is one of the most abundant chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the adult rat brain. We have recently shown that the C-type lectin domain of brevican binds fibronectin type III domains 3–5 of tenascin-R. Here we report strong evidence for a physiological basis for this interaction. Substantial brevican immunoreactivity was detected in a number of nuclei and in the reticular formations throughout the midbrain and hindbrain, including, but not limited to, the deep cerebellar nuclei, the trapezoid body, the red nucleus, the oculomotor nucleus, the vestibular nucleus, the cochlear nucleus, the gigantocellular reticular nucleus, the motor trigeminal nucleus, and the lateral superior olive. Most of the brevican immunoreactivity exhibited pericellular and reticular staining patterns. In almost all of these sites, brevican immunoreactivity colocalized with that of tenascin-R, which was also substantially codistributed with versican, another member of the lectican family. Detailed analysis revealed that the pericellular staining of brevican resembled that in perineuronal nets in which tenascin-R has been localized. Immunoelectron microscopy identified brevican immunoreactivity in the intercellular spaces surrounding presynaptic boutons and on their surfaces, but not in the synaptic clefts or in their immediate vicinity, a distribution pattern consistent with perineuronal nets. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that the previously reported interactions between brevican and tenascin-R may play a functional role within the perineuronal nets. J. Comp. Neurol. 410:256–264, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.