gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An automated monitoring system for surveillance and KPI calculation (2016)

Monitoring is one of the key points in any retrofitting project because, thanks to its results, both the current and improved status can be analysed. Within this context, not only monitoring is important, but also consistency and coherency of data, as well as aggregated information is required. In that sense, surveillance methods and Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) play a pivotal role. Thus, the project iNSPiRe develops an automated monitoring system able to store daily information, as well as automatically calculate KPIs by means of database technologies and determines alarms at different levels. With the obtained results, iNSPiRE aims at conceiving, developing and demonstrating Systemic Renovation Packages, through the innovative integration of envelope technologies, energy generation (including Renewable energy systems (RES) integration), energy distribution, lighting and comfort management systems into deep energy renovation of buildings, both in the residential and tertiary sectors. Then, the combination of the automated monitoring framework and the renovation packages, the goal is to achieve energy consumption for the building lower than 50 kWh/m2/year.
Recent development of electrolytes in lithium-ion rechargeable batteries (2003)

Great importance is attached to the lithium-ion rechargeable battery electrolyte and additive. Electrolyte, as an important part of lithium-ion rechargeable battery, will influence battery performances. Recent research status on solvents, lithium salt, low temperature performance and thermal stability of electrolyte was reviewed. An additive is an effective means to improve the lithium-ion rechargeable battery electrolyte. Present progress of the additives of lithium-ion rechargeable battery electrolyte was stated, such as the additive of SEI formation, the additive of conductivity improvement, the additive of battery protection.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Vapor Deposition of Gallium Sulfide Thin Films. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Time dependence of vacuum arc parameters (1993)

Time-resolved investigations of the expanded plasma of vacuum arc cathode spots are described, including the study of the ion charge state distribution, the random cathode spot motion, and the crater formation. It was found that the ion charge state distribution changes over a timescale on the order of hundreds of microseconds. For the random spot motion two timescales were observed: a very short spot residence time of tens of nanoseconds which gives, combined with the step width, the diffusion parameter of the random motion, and a longer timescale on the order of 100 mu s during which the diffusion parameter changes. Crater formation studies by scanning electron microscopy indicate the occurrence of larger craters at the end of crater chains. The existence of a timescale much longer than the elementary times for crater formation and spot residence can be explained by local heat accumulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Investigation Of A Video Frame Averaging Digital Subtraction Fluoroscopic System</title> (1981)

A digital subtraction fluoroscopic (DSF) system with two video processors in series has been analyzed and evaluated clinically. In this system the initial processor operates simultaneously in an averaging and differencing mode, resulting in an output that is the difference between the most recent input video frame and an exponentially weighted average of preceeding frames. The content in this processor's memory (the mask image) is continually upgraded by each incoming frame or, alternatively, frozen in time by the operator. The second processor averages the difference image output from the first unit. A continuous, real-time, noise reduced subtraction sequence is viewed on a monitor and stored on an analog disc recorder. A video tape recorder preserves raw data and permits retrospective viewing of an injection sequence using different processor settings.
Noninvasive treatment of cellulite utilizing an expedited treatment protocol with a dual wavelength laser-suction and massage device (2013)

This was the first study to examine the effects of this device on cellulite performed over a shortened treatment period. The treatment proved to be safe and effective, representing a new treatment modality that is also time and cost-effective for physicians and patients.
Comparison of Conventional ELISA with Electrochemiluminescence Technology for Detection of Amyloid-β in Plasma (2010)

Plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) level could be useful as a non-invasive biomarker in Alzheimer's disease research. We compared a multiplex electrochemiluminescence detection method with a well established ELISA method for plasma Aβ quantification. Compared to the ELISA method, the electrochemiluminescence detection method demonstrates a statistically significant, but modest correlation. The reasons for this may include the differences in the affinities of antibodies, and purity and source of Aβ peptides used as standards. However, the advantages of electrochemiluminescence detection technology include short processing time and small sample volume. This comparison demonstrates the need for a further study in optimizing this system.
An enzyme-assessed microplate-assay for neutrophil adherence (1990)

The binding of PMNs to extracellular matrix and cells is crucial to PMN host defense. Adherence mechanisms and the many families of molecules involved are major areas of study. We present here details of an enzyme-assessed microtiter plate assay for neutrophil adherence. This assay uses low numbers of cells (50,000/well) and permits analysis of several hundred wells in a short period of time, by using an ELISA reader. With this assay we observed 5- to 10-fold increases in the number of adherent human PMNs in response to nanogram amounts of LPS or as little as 5.0 micrograms/ml of aggregated IgA. Although fluoride blocked the LPS-induced adherence response, IgA-induced cell binding was largely unaffected.
Rapid detection of 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) using a portable Au‐colloid SERS sensor (2014)

In situ rapid detection and identification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, a group of well‐known persistent organic pollutants, present a great challenge. To develop a portable and sensitive surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensor for rapid 2,2′,4,4′‐tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐47) detection, we adopted the most commonly used Au nanoparticles, which are effective in the analysis of hydrophobic BDE‐47 with a simple optimization in citrate content and sampling technique. Qualitative and quantitative determination of BDE‐47 was achieved using a portable Raman spectrometer. The SERS response exhibited a linear dependence on the BDE‐47 concentration up to 1000 nM with a detection limit of 75 nM. The density function theory‐calculated Raman spectra agreed well with the experimental observations, and the results justified the existence of electromagnetic enhancement and charge transfer mechanism. This in situ SERS platform allows easy and reliable detection of hydrophobic molecules such as BDE‐47 in complex matrices. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bus-oriented load sharing for a network of sensor driven processors (1991)

A load-sharing problem involving the optimal allocation of measurement data among n sensor-driven processors interconnected through a bus-type communication medium is considered for three distinct architectural configurations. It is found that a minimal-time solution can be achieved if the computations by the processors end simultaneously. Simple recursions for the determination of the optimal allocation of load are presented. It is shown that for this problem a small number of processors can be almost as effective as a larger number.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon Dioxide-in-Water Microemulsions [<i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.</i> <b>2003</b>, <i>125</i>, 3181−3189]. (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCarbon Dioxide-in-Water Microemulsions [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2003, 125, 3181−3189].C. Ted Lee, Won Ryoo, P. Griffin Smith, Jose Arellano, Daniel R. Mitchell, Richard J. Lagow, Stephen E. Webber, and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003, 125, 49, 15268Publication Date (Web):November 12, 2003Publication History Published online12 November 2003Published inissue 1 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0334614https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0334614correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views596Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (11 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Demonstration of Fast and Accurate Discrimination and Quantification of Chemically Similar Species Utilizing a Single Cross-Selective Chemiresistor (2014)

Performance characteristics of gas-phase microsensors will determine the ultimate utility of these devices for a wide range of chemical monitoring applications. Commonly employed chemiresistor elements are quite sensitive to selected analytes, and relatively new methods have increased the selectivity to specific compounds, even in the presence of interfering species. Here, we have focused on determining whether purposefully driven temperature modulation can produce faster sensor-response characteristics, which could enable measurements for a broader range of applications involving dynamic compositional analysis. We investigated the response speed of a single chemiresitive In2O3 microhotplate sensor to four analytes (methanol, ethanol, acetone, 2-butanone) by systematically varying the oscillating frequency (semicycle periods of 20-120 ms) of a bilevel temperature cycle applied to the sensing element. It was determined that the fastest response (≈ 9 s), as indicated by a 98% signal-change metric, occurred for a period of 30 ms and that responses under such modulation were dramatically faster than for isothermal operation of the same device (>300 s). Rapid modulation between 150 and 450 °C exerts kinetic control over transient processes, including adsorption, desorption, diffusion, and reaction phenomena, which are important for charge transfer occurring in transduction processes and the observed response times. We also demonstrate that the fastest operation is accompanied by excellent discrimination within a challenging 16-category recognition problem (consisting of the four analytes at four separate concentrations). This critical finding demonstrates that both speed and high discriminatory capabilities can be realized through temperature modulation.
Effect of testosterone deprivation on expression of the androgen receptor in rat prostate, epididymis and testis (1992)

Adult rats were treated with ethane dimethane sulphonate (EDS) to eliminate the Leydig cells. This treatment resulted in very low levels of testosterone in the blood and in the testis. Furthermore, histological evaluation of spermatogenesis showed no marked differences between control and EDS-treated animals. In the ventral prostate, 5 days after EDS-treatment, a 4.0 +/- 0.3-fold up-regulation of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA was observed, together with a 2.2 +/- 0.2-fold increase in actin mRNA. In the epididymis, a 2.0 +/- 0.5-fold increase in AR mRNA level was observed, without a change in actin mRNA level. In the testes of EDS-treated rats, the AR mRNA level was not changed (1.02 +/- 0.17-fold of controls), and there was also no change in actin mRNA level at 5 days after EDS-treatment. These results indicate that AR mRNA expression in the ventral prostate and epididymis is regulated differentially by testosterone when compared to regulation in the testis. Testicular androgen binding sites were assayed by Scatchard analysis of the binding of 3H-R1881 to a nuclear fraction, that was isolated by a method which involved the use of liquid nitrogen and high sucrose buffer. The number of specific binding sites per testis in EDS-treated rats with testosterone-implants, remained unaltered compared to control rats (9.1 +/- 1.4 pmol/testis). In these rats, 20% of the normal testicular testosterone level was sufficient to maintain the androgen receptor in a tight nuclear binding (transformed) form. In testes from EDS-treated rats without testosterone-implants, the AR did not fractionate into the nuclear fraction; however, the total testicular AR content in these animals was close to control levels, as measured by nuclear 3H-R1881 binding after receptor transformation through injection of a high dose of testosterone (10 mg) 2 h before killing the rats (testosterone pulse). In the different experimental groups, FSH was not required to maintain the total testicular AR content (ligand binding). Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting of the testicular AR using specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies indicated that the total testicular amount of immunodetectable AR protein in long-term testosterone deprived rats was very low when compared to that in control rats or rats with testosterone-implants. This is in disagreement with results obtained in the ligand binding assay, and may point to a structural modification of the AR in the testis that possibly occurs in the prolonged absence of androgens.
Simulation case studies of wireless networked control systems (2007)

This paper discusses wireless networking applications in realtime control systems. We present two applications for wireless networked control systems (WiNCS) and compare various performance criteria both from networking and control point-of-view. For this purpose, we have used a unique emulation tool called PiccSIM [7]. PiccSIM, abbreviated from Platform for integrated communications and control design, simulation, implementation and modeling, is a design and evaluation platform for networked control systems, where different networks can be emulated using the real-time extension of the widely known Network simulator (Ns2) [9]. The implemented test models provide a possibility of evaluating the performance of communication protocols in realtime control systems and similarly test robustness and performance properties of control and data fusion algorithms in (wireless) networked environments. We evaluate the performance of routing algorithms in building automation and target tracking test cases. The results indicate that multipath routing can significantly improve robustness and performance in WiNCS.
Electromagnetic Lens-Focusing Antenna Enabled Massive MIMO: Performance Improvement and Cost Reduction (2014)

Massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) techniques have been recently advanced to tremendously improve the performance of wireless communication networks. However, the use of very large antenna arrays at the base stations brings new issues, such as the significantly increased hardware and signal processing costs. In order to reap the performance gains of massive MIMO and yet reduce its cost, this paper proposes a novel system design by integrating an electromagnetic (EM) lens with the large antenna array, termed the EM-lens enabled MIMO. The EM lens has the capability of focusing the power of an incident wave to a small area of the antenna array, whereas the location of the focal area varies with the angle of arrival (AoA) of the wave. Hence, in scenarios where the arriving signals from geographically separated users have different AoAs, the EM-lens enabled receiver provides two new benefits, namely, energy focusing and spatial interference rejection. By taking into account the effects of imperfect channel estimation via pilot-assisted training, in this paper, we analytically show that the average received signal-to-noise ratio in both the single-user and multiuser uplink transmissions can be improved by the EM-lens enabled system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed design makes it possible to considerably reduce the hardware and signal processing costs with only slight degradations in performance. To this end, two complexity/cost reduction schemes are proposed, which are small-MIMO processing with parallel receiver filtering applied over subgroups of antennas to reduce the computational complexity, and channel covariance based antenna selection to reduce the required number of radio frequency chains. Numerical results are provided to corroborate our analysis and show the great potential advantages of our proposed EM-lens enabled MIMO system for next generation cellular networks.
The complex refractive indices of the liquid crystal mixture E7 in the terahertz frequency range (2010)

We have used terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to investigate the complex optical constants and birefringence of a widely used liquid crystal mixture E7 in both nematic and isotropic phases (26°C–70°C). The extinction coefficient of E7 at room temperature is less than 0.035 and without sharp absorption features in the frequency range of 0.2–2.0 THz. The extraordinary (ne) and ordinary (no) indices of refraction at 26°C are 1.690–1.704 and 1.557–1.581, respectively, giving rise to a birefringence of 0.130–0.148 in this frequency range. The temperature-dependent (26°C–70°C) order parameter extracted from the birefringence data agrees with that in the visible region quite well. Further, the temperature gradients of the terahertz optical constants of E7 are also determined. The optical constants of E7 in the terahertz or sub-millimeter wave range are found to deviate significantly from values predicated by the usual extended Cauchy equations used in the visible and near-infrared.
Plasticity of Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Switch from Nestin‐Positive to Excitable Neuron‐Like Phenotype (2005)

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can differentiate into several types of mesenchymal cells, including osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, but, under appropriate experimental conditions, can also differentiate into nonmesenchymal cells--for instance, neural cells. These observations have raised interest in the possible use of MSCs in cell therapy strategies for various neurological disorders. In the study reported here, we addressed the question of in vitro differentiation of MSCs into functional neurons. First, we demonstrate that when they are co-cultured with cerebellar granule neurons, adult MSCs can express neuronal markers. Two factors are needed for the emergence of neuronal differentiation of the MSCs: the first one is nestin expression by MSCs (nestin is a marker for the responsive character of MSCs to extrinsic signals), and the second one is a direct cell-cell interaction between neural cells and MSCs that allows the integration of these extrinsic signals. Three different approaches suggest that neural phenotypes arise from MSCs by a differentiation rather than a cell fusion process, although this last phenomenon can also coexist. The expression of several genes--including sox, pax, notch, delta, frizzled, and erbB--was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in order to further characterize the nestin-positive phenotype compared to the nestin-negative one. An overexpression of sox2, sox10, pax6, fzd, erbB2, and erbB4 is found in nestin-positive MSCs. Finally, electrophysiological analyses demonstrate that MSC-derived neuron-like cells can fire single-action potentials and respond to several neurotransmitters such as GABA, glycine, and glutamate. We conclude that nestin-positive MSCs can differentiate in vitro into excitable neuron-like cells.
Characterization of PKIγ, a Novel Isoform of the Protein Kinase Inhibitor of cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase (1997)

Attempts to understand the physiological roles of the protein kinase inhibitor (PKI) proteins have been hampered by a lack of knowledge concerning the molecular heterogeneity of the PKI family. The PKIgamma cDNA sequence determined here predicted an open reading frame of 75 amino acids, showing 35% identity to PKIalpha and 30% identity to PKIbeta1. Residues important for the high affinity of PKIalpha and PKIbeta1 as well as nuclear export of the catalytic (C) subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase were found to be conserved in PKIgamma. Northern blot analysis showed that a 1.3-kilobase PKIgamma message is widely expressed, with highest levels in heart, skeletal muscle, and testis. RNase protection analysis revealed that in most tissues examined PKIgamma is expressed at levels equal to or higher than the other known PKI isoforms and that in several mouse-derived cell lines, PKIgamma is the predominant PKI message. Partial purification of PKI activities from mouse heart by DEAE ion exchange chromatography resolved two major inhibitory peaks, and isoform-specific polyclonal antibodies raised against recombinant PKIalpha and PKIgamma identified these inhibitory activities to be PKIalpha and PKIgamma. A comparison of inhibitory potencies of PKIalpha and PKIgamma expressed in Escherichia coli revealed that PKIgamma was a potent competitive inhibitor of Calpha phosphotransferase activity in vitro (Ki = 0.44 nM) but is 6-fold less potent than PKIalpha (Ki = 0.073 nM). Like PKIalpha, PKIgamma was capable of blocking the nuclear accumulation of Flag-tagged C subunit in transiently transfected mammalian cells. Finally, the murine PKIgamma gene was found to overlap the murine adenosine deaminase gene on mouse chromosome 2. These results demonstrate that PKIgamma is a novel, functional PKI isoform that accounts for the previously observed discrepancy between PKI activity and PKI mRNA levels in several mammalian tissues.