gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased thermoresistance developed during growth of small multicellular spheroids (1985)

Mammalian cells growing as multicell spheroids, an in vitro model of tumor microregions, have been shown previously to be more resistant than single cells from monolayer cultures to killing by ionizing radiation, hyperthermia, ultrasound, and chemotherapeutic drugs. Although the mechanisms by which cells in spheroids acquire these increased resistances are unknown, available evidence has indicated that intercellular contact mediates the process for ionizing radiation. This investigation was undertaken to evaluate the role of intercellular contact produced during growth of small spheroids on the sensitivity of EMT6/Ro mouse mammary tumor cells to moderate hyperthermia. Increased thermoresistance developed in small spheroids (approximately 70 micron diameter, 25 cells/spheroid), as measured by colony formation, after exposures to different temperatures in the range of 37 to 45 degrees C for periods less than or equal to 2 hr and at 42.5 degrees C for less than or equal to 8 hr. Experiments were performed to determine the relative contributions to this increased thermoresistance of 1) the extent of intercellular contact in spheroids of different cellular multiplicities, 2) differences in membrane damage influenced by trypsin heat treatment sequence, and 3) physiological changes associated with growth of cells as spheroids in suspension compared to monolayer culture. Treatment with trypsin prior to heating sensitized cells to killing by hyperthermia but did not account for the differential thermoresistance between cells from spheroids and monolayers. Spheroid multiplicity in the range of 1.16 to 76.2 cells/spheroid had no significant effect on cell survival after hyperthermia. However, cells grown in spinner suspension culture were more thermoresistant than cells from monolayer cultures and nearly as thermoresistant as cells in spheroids. From these data we conclude that the greater thermoresistance of EMT/Ro cells in spheroids is the result of cellular physiological changes associated with growth in suspension and is not mediated by intercellular contact.
Transcriptional regulation of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 by prostaglandin E2 in osteoblast cells. (1996)

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) is an autocrine and paracrine factor that modulates the effects of IGFs. We examined the mechanisms that regulate IGFBP-5 synthesis by PGE2 in osteoblast-enriched cells from fetal rat calvaria (Ob cells). PGE2 at 1 microM for 2-8 h increased IGFBP-5 heterogeneous nuclear RNA levels and did not change the half-life of IGFBP-5 messenger RNA in Ob cells, suggesting that PGE2 stimulates IGFBP-5 transcription. To analyze the elements responsible for this effect, regions of the mouse IGFBP-5 promoter from -2695 to +120 bp were ligated into pGL-2-basic and transiently transfected into Ob cells. PGE2 caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in IGFBP-5 promoter activity. Further analysis revealed two potential PGE2-responsive regions in the -2695 to -1470 and the -989 to -332 fragments. The effect of PGE2 on IGFBP-5 messenger RNA and heterogeneous nuclear RNA levels was mimicked by forskolin and inhibited by the PKA inhibitor H-89, suggesting that part of the PGE2 effect was mediated through a cAMP-dependent pathway. H-89 also blocked basal and PGE2-stimulated IGFBP-5 promoter activities. We conclude that PGE2 regulates IGFBP-5 synthesis in Ob cells by transcriptional mechanisms. PKA-dependent pathways account for part of the effect of PGE2 on IGFBP-5 expression. Deletion analysis of the IGFBP-5 promoter suggests the presence of two PGE2-responsive regions.
<i>PLS1</i> , a gene encoding a tetraspanin-like protein, is required for penetration of rice leaf by the fungal pathogen <i>Magnaporthe grisea</i> (2001)

We describe in this study punchless, a nonpathogenic mutant from the rice blast fungus M. grisea, obtained by plasmid-mediated insertional mutagenesis. As do most fungal plant pathogens, M. grisea differentiates an infection structure specialized for host penetration called the appressorium. We show that punchless differentiates appressoria that fail to breach either the leaf epidermis or artificial membranes such as cellophane. Cytological analysis of punchless appressoria shows that they have a cellular structure, turgor, and glycogen content similar to those of wild type before penetration, but that they are unable to differentiate penetration pegs. The inactivated gene, PLS1, encodes a putative integral membrane protein of 225 aa (Pls1p). A functional Pls1p-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was detected only in appressoria and was localized in plasma membranes and vacuoles. Pls1p is structurally related to the tetraspanin family. In animals, these proteins are components of membrane signaling complexes controlling cell differentiation, motility, and adhesion. We conclude that PLS1 controls an appressorial function essential for the penetration of the fungus into host leaves.
Detecting insider threats in a real corporate database of computer usage activity (2013)

This paper reports on methods and results of an applied research project by a team consisting of SAIC and four universities to develop, integrate, and evaluate new approaches to detect the weak signals characteristic of insider threats on organizations' information systems. Our system combines structural and semantic information from a real corporate database of monitored activity on their users' computers to detect independently developed red team inserts of malicious insider activities. We have developed and applied multiple algorithms for anomaly detection based on suspected scenarios of malicious insider behavior, indicators of unusual activities, high-dimensional statistical patterns, temporal sequences, and normal graph evolution. Algorithms and representations for dynamic graph processing provide the ability to scale as needed for enterprise-level deployments on real-time data streams. We have also developed a visual language for specifying combinations of features, baselines, peer groups, time periods, and algorithms to detect anomalies suggestive of instances of insider threat behavior. We defined over 100 data features in seven categories based on approximately 5.5 million actions per day from approximately 5,500 users. We have achieved area under the ROC curve values of up to 0.979 and lift values of 65 on the top 50 user-days identified on two months of real data.
Adaptive-gain complementary filter of inertial and magnetic data for orientation estimation (2011)

Accurate estimation of orientation based on data from small low-cost strapdown inertial and magnetic sensors is often inaccurate during highly dynamic motion or when trying to track movements that include two or more periods characterized by significantly different frequencies. This paper presents a complementary filtering algorithm for estimating orientation based on inertial/magnetic sensor measurements. The algorithm takes advantage of the complementary nature of the information offered by high-frequency angular rate sensor data and low frequency accelerometers and magnetometers. The filtering algorithm utilizes a single gain that can be adaptively adjusted to achieve satisfactory performance while tracking two or more different types of motion. An additional feature of our approach involves the simple estimation of the gyro bias during periods exhibiting low dynamics and its subsequent use to correct the instantaneous gyro measurements. Simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the performance of the algorithm during slow or nearly static movements, as well as, those which are highly dynamic. Experimental results indicate that the algorithm is able to track pitch and roll during dynamic motion with an RMS error of less than two degrees. This is believed to be superior to current proprietary commercial algorithms.
First Clinical Implications of Perioperative Red Cell Volume Measurement with a Nonradioactive Marker (Sodium Fluorescein) (1998)

We measured red cell volume (RCV) with the nonradioactive marker sodium fluorescein (SoF) in 30 patients undergoing gynecological operations.Sixteen patients underwent preoperative isovolemic hemodilution (PIHD). RCV measurements were performed before and after PIHD and at the end of the operation. All RCVs were related to corresponding hematocrit (hct) levels. We report a simplified method for its clinical application by reducing the number of blood samples required. To validate our method, we compared RCV within the PIHD bags (bag RCV) with the difference of the patients' RCV before and after PIHD. Bag RCV obtained during PIHD (mean 399 +/- 81 mL) was measured with a precision of 4.2% by using SoF. There was a significant difference (mean 286 +/- 401 mL; P < 0.05) between intraoperatively estimated and measured blood loss. The blood loss tended to be underestimated and, in some cases, was underestimated or overestimated substantially. Preoperative and postoperative hct values only offered an imprecise estimation of the patients' RCV. We conclude that RCV measurement using SoF is a precise method for monitoring changes in RCV during PIHD and surgical operation. Implications: We measured red cell volume changes of 30 patients with the nonradioactive marker sodium fluorescein before and after hemodilution and postoperatively with a high precision. We frequently found large differences between intraoperatively estimated and measured blood loss. Preoperative hematocrit values offered an imprecise estimation of the patients' red cell volume. (Anesth Analg 1998;87:1234-8)
Development of a Desktop Search System Using Correlation between User's Schedule and Data in a Computer (2007)

Recently, as computers develop, various kinds of tasks have become to be done by computers. In this situation,the amount of data stored in a computer has been increasing, and it has therefore caused a new problem that necessary data are often missing or lost in a computer. In a sense, this means that the conventional desktop information retrieval technology has reached to the limits and a new desktop information retrieval is required. In this study, we propose a desktop search system that uses correlation between a user's action log, including his/her schedule and Web browsing log, and data in a computer. By using our system, we can find data in a computer based on the memory for our activities.
Dynamics of Ultrasonic Consolidation (2009)

Ultrasonic consolidation (UC) is a solid state rapid manufacturing process derived from ultrasonic welding of thin metal foils coupled with contour milling to achieve functional accurate components. The bonding of metal is accomplished by the local application of high frequency vibration energy under pressure producing a metallurgical bond without melting the base material. Its unique nature allows the design and fabrication of structural panels for satellites, production of injection molding tools, functionally graded structures, metal-matrix composites, embedded sensors, armor, and fiber embedded adaptive structures. It is commonly theorized that interfacial motion and friction at the bonding interface play a prominent role in the bonding process by removing surface contaminants, allowing direct metal to metal contact, and producing sufficient stress to induce plastic flow. The substrate's geometry is also crucial in the bonding process. Researchers have experimentally observed that as the height of build specimen approaches its width, the bonding process degrades, and no further foils may be welded. This work explores the process as the dimensions of the build specimen modeled as a standard parallelepiped, approaches the critical geometry through a combination of numerical, analytical and experimental analysis. We examine the resonances of a build feature due to a change in geometry and material properties using a three dimensional Rayleigh-Ritz model. A simple nonlinear dynamic model of the Ultrasonic Consolidation Process examines how the geometry change may influence the overall process dynamics. This simple model is use to provide estimates of how changes is substrate geometry affect the differential motion at the bonding interface and the amount of changing friction force due to build height. The trends of changes in natural frequency, and differential motion, are compared to experimental limits on build height. These analyses lead to several predictions on build height that are verified experimentally. Finally, the work examines the effectiveness of using support material to extend the build height limit of the process. The results show that a proximity to a resonance excitation is clearly responsible for bonding degradation at features built with the nominal tape width of 0.9375 inches. However, for small widths other factors such as surface topography, and contact area may play an important role in bonding degradation.
Infeccions as the etiology for obesity (2009)

The role of infection on obesity development has been questioned since the early 1980's. Several studies on animals have shown that fisiopathologic mechanisms through which infections can produce obesity do exist. At least eight types of obesity-inducing viruses have been identified in animals, especially poultry and mice. Studies on humans are far less convincing; however, two adenoviruses, Ad-36 and SMAM-1, have shown adipogenic properties. In vitro studies with 3T3-L1 cells stated the activation of the enzymatic pathway that leads to fatty tissue accumulation; in vivo studies have also detected higher levels of antibodies against such viruses on obese subjects. Although most known infections nowadays cause obesity through central nervous system lesions, the Ad-36 adenovirus infection affects fatty tissue directly, raising doubts regarding central role component in this case.
Influence of solvent on degree of acylation in the formation of sucrose esters (1972)

Abstract Sucrose palmitates were prepared by the interesterification of sucrose and methyl palmitate in different solvents. The ratio of methyl palmitate to sucrose in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution was varied so that the effect on yield and ester composition could be evaluated. When sucrose esters were prepared in DMF, the palmitoyl groups approximated a random distribution when only penta‐ and lower esters were formed. When the proportion of palmitoyl groups was increased, hexa‐ through octaesters were formed, but the yield was less than that calculated for a random distribution. The interesterification of sucrose and methyl palmitate in solvents other than DMF, but under otherwise identical reaction conditions, yielded different reaction products. Only traces of sucrose esters were produced in hexamethylphosphoramide and formylmorpholine. Reactions in dimethylsulfoxide and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone yielded larger percentages of higher esters than were obtained in DMF. However the distribution was far from random.
Review on web search personalization through semantic data (2015)

Information generated within the World Wide Web is increasing at huge rate and user's access for their own interested work. Ambiguous queries and lower ability of user to precisely express what they need have been one of the challenging obstacles in improving search results. It is obvious that the current search engines retrieve results are sometimes not of user relevance due to keyword based search, so to fill the gap between the user interest and retrieved search results, personalized web search needs to be evolved. For example, a biologist and a programmer may use the same query “mouse” with different search context, but the search systems would return same results. Again still there is need to customize the search results by re-ranking the retrieved results incorporating the user interests. In this paper we have presents various approaches to personalize web search through user modelling by analyzing semantic data.
Efficacy and safety of glycosylated undenatured type‐II collagen (UC‐II) in therapy of arthritic dogs<sup>§</sup> (2005)

DeParle L. A., Gupta R. C., Canerdy T. D., Goad J. T., D'Altilio M., Bagchi M., Bagchi D. Efficacy and safety of glycosylated undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in therapy of arthritic dogs. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.28, 385-390. In large breed dogs, arthritis is very common because of obesity, injury, aging, immune disorder, or genetic predispositions. This study was therefore undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and safety of undenatured type-II collagen (UC-II) in obese-arthritic dogs. Fifteen dogs in three groups received either no UC-II (Group I) or UC-II with 1 mg/day (Group II) or 10 mg/day (Group III) for 90 days. Lameness and pain were measured on a weekly basis for 120 days (90 days treatment plus 30 days post-treatment). Blood samples were assayed for creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (markers of renal injury); and alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (evidence of hepatic injury). Dogs receiving 1 mg or 10 mg UC-II/day for 90 days showed significant declines in overall pain and pain during limb manipulation and lameness after physical exertion, with 10 mg showed greater improvement. At either dose of UC-II, no adverse effects were noted and no significant changes were noted in serum chemistry, suggesting that UC-II was well tolerated. In addition, dogs receiving UC-II for 90 days showed increased physical activity level. Following UC-II withdrawal for a period of 30 days, all dogs experienced a relapse of overall pain, exercise-associated lameness, and pain upon limb manipulation. These results suggest that daily treatment of arthritic dogs with UC-II ameliorates signs and symptoms of arthritis, and UC-II is well tolerated as no adverse effects were noted.
Problem Statement and Requirements for MANEMO (2007)

The NEMO Basic Support protocol has well-known issues when multiple
mobile routers are connected to each other in a nested fashion. These
issues have been already analyzed in the NEMO Working Group. However,
solutions are not yet considered and discussed in the IETF. MANEMO
(MANET for NEMO) is an approach to resolve these issues. Although most
of issues are relevant to what the MANET working group is chartered to
deliver, a different approach may be required. This document
identifies the problems which MANEMO will solve and provides the
MANEMO requirements.
Cross-language, type-safe, and transparent object sharing for co-located managed runtimes (2010)

As software becomes increasingly complex and difficult to analyze, it is more and more common for developers to use high-level, type-safe, object-oriented (OO) programming languages and to architect systems that comprise multiple components. Different components are often implemented in different programming languages. In state-of-the-art multicomponent, multi-language systems, cross-component communication relies on remote procedure calls (RPC) and message passing. As components are increasingly co-located on the same physical machine to ensure high utilization of multi-core systems, there is a growing potential for using shared memory for cross-language cross-runtime communication.
A cell-based fascin bioassay identifies compounds with potential anti-metastasis or cognition-enhancing functions (2012)

The actin-bundling protein fascin is a key mediator of tumor invasion and metastasis and its activity drives filopodia formation, cell-shape changes and cell migration. Small-molecule inhibitors of fascin block tumor metastasis in animal models. Conversely, fascin deficiency might underlie the pathogenesis of some developmental brain disorders. To identify fascin-pathway modulators we devised a cell-based assay for fascin function and used it in a bidirectional drug screen. The screen utilized cultured fascin-deficient mutant Drosophila neurons, whose neurite arbors manifest the 'filagree' phenotype. Taking a repurposing approach, we screened a library of 1040 known compounds, many of them FDA-approved drugs, for filagree modifiers. Based on scaffold distribution, molecular-fingerprint similarities, and chemical-space distribution, this library has high structural diversity, supporting its utility as a screening tool. We identified 34 fascin-pathway blockers (with potential anti-metastasis activity) and 48 fascin-pathway enhancers (with potential cognitive-enhancer activity). The structural diversity of the active compounds suggests multiple molecular targets. Comparisons of active and inactive compounds provided preliminary structure-activity relationship information. The screen also revealed diverse neurotoxic effects of other drugs, notably the 'beads-on-a-string' defect, which is induced solely by statins. Statin-induced neurotoxicity is enhanced by fascin deficiency. In summary, we provide evidence that primary neuron culture using a genetic model organism can be valuable for early-stage drug discovery and developmental neurotoxicity testing. Furthermore, we propose that, given an appropriate assay for target-pathway function, bidirectional screening for brain-development disorders and invasive cancers represents an efficient, multipurpose strategy for drug discovery.
Antioxygenic and Peroxide-decomposing Activities of Antarctic Krill Lipids (1984)

The oxidation rate of krill lipids is very slow and no peroxides are accumulated even after long storage. By means of various chromatographic techniques and mass spectrophotometry, the primary antioxidant has been identified as -tocopherol. The phospholipid fractions did not show any antioxidative activity but peroxide-decomposing properties of total lipids depended upon the phospholipid contents. The peroxide-decomposing activities of phospholipids were due to the presence of polar materials generated during the storage. The most peroxide-decomposing fractions of oxidized krill lecithin by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography was low-molecule fraction (mean molecular weight: 182) and high-molecule fraction (mean molecular weight: 1942) was the next. The separation of peroxide-decomposing properties from low-molecule fraction was achieved by partitioning between chloroform and methanol/water. The methanol/water fraction showed strong peroxide-decomposing activities and main component of this fraction was assumed hydroxyamine compounds derived from choline.
Responsible web caching (2002)

Putting the distribution control of the Web's intellectual content in the hands of those who created it.
Graphical Methods in Statistics (1979)

Abstract Graphical methods have played a central role in the development of statistical theory and practice. This presentation briefly reviews some of the highlights in the historical development of statistical graphics and gives a simple taxonomy that can be used to characterize the current use of graphical methods. This taxonomy is used to describe the evolution of the use of graphics in some major statistical and related scientific journals. Some recent advances in the use of graphical methods for statistical analysis are reviewed, and several graphical methods for the statistical presentation of data are illustrated, including the use of multicolor maps.