gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of Portable Blood Glucose Monitoring: <i>Effect of Glucose Level and Prandial State</i> (1991)

Glucose was determined on capillary and venous blood samples from 274 adult diabetics by three different methodologies: the Glucoscan 2000 and Accu-Check II portable glucose meters (capillary) and the Kodak Ektachem 700 analyzer (venous). Both glucose meters correlated significantly with the Ektachem results. A significant positive bias was found for the Glucoscan compared with Ektachem, not found with the Accu-Check II. The Accu-Check performed better than the Glucoscan at venous plasma glucose levels less than 1 g/L. The mean error of Glucoscan determinations was significantly greater and biased positive when the measurement was performed within 4 hours of eating, whereas no such effect was seen with Accu-Check error. Multiple regression analysis revealed that the Glucoscan measurement was independently influenced by both venous plasma glucose and prandial state, whereas the Accu-Check II measurement was not dependent on either variable. The within-run precision for both glucose meters were comparable.
Effect of Supplemental Dietary Glutamine on Methotrexate Concentrations in Tumors (1992)

This study evaluated the effects of supplemental dietary glutamine (GLN) on methotrexate sodium concentrations in tumors and serum of sarcoma-bearing rats following the initiation of methotrexate. After randomization to a GLN diet (+GLN) or GLN-free diet (-GLN), tumor-bearing rats received 20 mg/kg of methotrexate sodium by intraperitoneal injection. The provision of supplemental GLN in the diet increased methotrexate concentrations in tumor tissues at 24 and 48 hours (38.0 +/- 0.20 nmol/g for the +GLN group vs 28.8 +/- 0.10 nmol/g for the -GLN group and 35.6 +/- 0.18 nmol/g for the +GLN group vs 32.5 +/- 0.16 nmol/g for the -GLN group, respectively). Arterial methotrexate levels were elevated only at 48 hours (0.147 +/- 0.007 microns/L for the +GLN group vs 0.120 +/- 0.006 microns/L for the -GLN group). Tumor morphometrics were not different between the groups but significantly greater tumor volume loss was seen even at 24 hours (-2.41 +/- 1.3 cm3 for the +GLN group vs -0.016 +/- 0.9 cm3 for the -GLN group). Tumor glutaminase activity was suppressed in both groups at 48 hours, but more so in the +GLN group (0.94 +/- 0.13 mumol/g per hour for the +GLN group vs 1.47 +/- 0.22 mumol/g per hour for the -GLN group). This study suggests that GLN may have therapeutic as well as nutritional benefit in oncology patients.
Spam Classification Based on Signed Network Analysis (2020)

Online social networking services have become the most important information-sharing medium of modern society due to several merits, such as creating opportunities to broaden social relations, easy and instant communication, and fast data propagation. These advantages, however, are being abused by malicious users to disseminate unsolicited spam messages, causing great harm to both users and service providers. To address this problem, numerous spam detection methods utilizing various spam characteristics have been proposed, but most of them suffer from several limitations. Using individual behaviors and the content of messages for spam classification has been revealed to have bounded performance, since attackers can easily fake them. Instead, exploitation of social-network-related features has been highlighted as an alternative solution, but recent spam attacks can adroitly avoid these methods by controlling their ranking through various forms of attack. In this paper, we delineate a signed-network-analysis-based spam classification method. Our key hypothesis is that the edge signs are highly likely to be determined by considering users’ social relationships, so there will be a substantial difference between the edge sign patterns of spammers and that of non-spammers. To identify our hypothesis, we employ two social psychological theories for signed networks—structural balance theory and social status theory—and the concept of surprise is adopted to quantitatively analyze the given network according to these theories. These surprise measurements are then used as the main features for spam classification. In addition, we develop a graph-converting method for applying our scheme to unsigned networks. Extensive experimental results with Twitter and Epinions datasets show that the proposed scheme obtains significant classification performance improvement compared to conventional schemes.
Determination of peptide and protein ion charge states by fourier transformation of isotope-resolved mass spectra (2006)

We report an automated method for determining charge states from high-resolution mass spectra. Fourier transforms of isotope packets from high-resolution mass spectra are compared to Fourier transforms of modeled isotopic peak packets for a range of charge states. The charge state for the experimental ion packet is determined by the model isotope packet that yields the best match in the comparison of the Fourier transforms. This strategy is demonstrated for determining peptide ion charge states from "zoom scan" data from a linear quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer, enabling the subsequent automated identification of singly- through quadruply-charged peptide ions, while reducing the numbers of conflicting identifications from ambiguous charge state assignments. We also apply this technique to determine the charges of intact protein ions from LC-FTICR data, demonstrating that it is more sensitive under these experimental conditions than two existing algorithms. The strategy outlined in this paper should be generally applicable to mass spectra obtained from any instrument capable of isotopic resolution.
Anomaly Detection Using Forecasting Methods ARIMA and HWDS (2013)

Understanding the normal operation of IP networks is a common step in building a solution for automatic detection of network anomalies. Toward this end, we analyze the usage of two different approaches: the AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model and an improvement of the traditional Holt-winters method. We use both models for traffic characterization, called Digital Signature of Network Segment using Flow analysis (DSNSF), and volume anomaly or outliers detection. The DSNSFs obtained by the presented models are compared to the actual traffic of bits and packets of a real network environment and then subjected to specific evaluations in order to measure its accuracy. The presented models are capable of providing feedback through its predictive capabilities and hence provide an early warning system.
Molecular model of SARS coronavirus polymerase: implications for biochemical functions and drug design (2003)

The causative agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is a previously unidentified coronavirus, SARS-CoV. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of SARS-CoV plays a pivotal role in viral replication and is a potential target for anti-SARS therapy. There is a lack of structural or biochemical data on any coronavirus polymerase. To provide insights into the structure and function of SARS-CoV RdRp, we have located its conserved motifs that are shared by all RdRps, and built a three-dimensional model of the catalytic domain. The structural model permits us to discuss the potential functional roles of the conserved motifs and residues in replication and their potential interactions with inhibitors of related enzymes. We predict important structural attributes of potential anti-SARS-CoV RdRp nucleotide analog inhibitors: hydrogen-bonding capability for the 2' and 3' groups of the sugar ring and C3' endo sugar puckering, and the absence of a hydrophobic binding pocket for non-nucleoside analog inhibitors similar to those observed in hepatitis C virus RdRp and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase. We propose that the clinically observed resistance of SARS to ribavirin is probably due to perturbation of the conserved motif A that controls rNTP binding and fidelity of polymerization. Our results suggest that designing anti-SARS therapies can benefit from successful experiences in design of other antiviral drugs. This work should also provide guidance for future biochemical experiments.
Deep Learning Applications (2022)

This issue highlights the technical theme on “Deep Learning Applications,” one of the most active areas in this new age of AI and machine learning. Eight articles demonstrate new progress made in deep representation learning, deep neural network architectures, and their multidomain applications. Three column articles debate on decentralized AI, autonomous racing, and big AI.
Infrastructure and challenges for convergence of radio, fibre and DSL technologies (2007)

This paper describes broadband fixed access networks including home networking and services as well as an optical infrastructure for mobile phone networks. Technical challenges for fixed mobile and broadcasting convergence are also discussed. (4 pages)
Can We Trust the Inter-Packet Time for Traffic Classification? (2011)

The identification of Internet applications is important for ISPs and network administrators to protect the network from unwanted traffic and prioritize some major applications. Statistical methods are widely used since they allow to classify applications according to their statistical signatures. They combine the statistical analysis of flow parameters, such as packet size and inter-packet time, with machine learning techniques. Previous works are mainly based on the packet size and the directions of the packets. In this work we make a complete study about the inter-packet time to prove that it is also a valuable information for the classification of Internet traffic. We discuss how to isolate the noise due to the network conditions and extract the time generated by the application. We present a model to preprocess the inter-packet time and use the result as input to the learning process. We discuss an iterative approach for the on line identification of the applications and we evaluate our method on two different real traces. The results show that the inter-packet time is an important parameter to classify Internet traffic.
Optimum microstrip interconnects (2002)

A simple, automated assembly technique that solves the high VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio) and insertion loss problems associated with variable wire inductance in microwave assemblies has been developed. The theory, design, and fabrication of optimum microstrip interconnects from 2 to 20 GHz are discussed. Microstrip interconnects, modeled and measured, are shown to achieve VSWRs of 1:2:1 through 20 GHz, even when several interconnects are cascaded. The technique is tolerant of gap variations between substrates and a misalignment of the microstrip conductors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing June 1st - 2nd, 1989 Analysis of Asymmetric Prioritized Token Ring (1989)

This paper considers an asymmetric prioritized token-ring operation with nonpreemptive priority queueing and a limited service disciplines at each station. The number of message priority levels and the walktime vary from one station to another. Moreover, the assumed Poisson message arrival process and the message transmission time vary not only from one station to another but also from one class to another. The analysis focuses on the observation that upon the arrival of a tagged message at a station. the server is either performing walktime, either serving a message at the station the tagged message arrived or else serving a message at another station. Based on these mutually exclusive cases, three special period intervals required to carry the analysis through are defined. The analysis of the mean message delay is based on characteristics of the cycle time as well as on these special period intervals and in all cases the balance of flow is of particular interest. The performance as measured by the expected delay for any message class at any station is derived and the numerical results validated through simulation. Interestingly, we found that in asymmetric cases the performance at a station is affected by its polling order and lower classes appear more sensitive to this positiondependent effect.
서울시 간접투자대상 오피스빌딩의 실질임대료 및 Cap. rate 비교연구 (2015)

본 연구는 외환위기 이후 외국인들뿐만 아니라 국내의 연기금과 보험사 등 많은 투자자들이 대체 투자 대상으로 삼고 있는 오피스 빌딩의 시장현황을 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 오피스시장을 공간시장(Space Market)과 자산시장(Asset Market)으로 분류하여 이와 관련된 자료들을 분석하였다. 먼저 공간시장에서는 간접투자시장 오피스의 규모와 향후 공급될 예정인 오피스를 파악하였으며, 이전의 연구에서 제시하지 못하였던 실질임대료(Effective Rent) 변화를 분석하였다. 특히, 공실률이 높아지면서 표면임대료(Face Rent)와 실질임대료(Effective Rent)의 차이가 커지고 있음을 실제 오피스 사례를 바탕으로 분석하여 시사점을 제시하였다.
자산시장에서는 오피스 수익률을 나타내는 지표인 Cap Rate을 권역별, 간접투자방법 별로 분석하였다. 분석결과 외환위기 이후 Cap Rate이 낮아지는 모습을 보였으며, 금융위기 이후 잠시 상승하다가 현재는 정체되어 있는 것으로 나타났다.
이상과 같이 다양한 시각을 통하여 금융위기 이후 변화된 오피스 시장에 대한 특성을 분석하였으며, 간접투자를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다.
Thinner and Miniaturization Embedded Device Package, MCeP, for PoP and Module Application (2012)

Along with miniaturization and high functionality of electronics, many embedded device substrates and packages have been developed by various companies. We have been also developing embedded device package named MCeP, Molded Core embedded Package. This package consists of base substrate, upper substrate and molding resin. These substrates material is conventional organic base. Bare IC devices without re-routing are mounted on inner surface of base substrate. Upper substrate and base substrate are connected electrically by copper core solder balls. The space between upper and base substrate is encapsulated by molding resin. MCeP is possible to be adopted for bottom package alternative of PoP. For thinner PoP application less than 1.0mm height, thinner MCeP less than 300um has been investigated. Base substrate has 3 conductive layers and thickness is 130um. Upper substrate has 2 conductive layers and thickness is 95um. Embedded layer thickness is 52.5um. For original MCeP, IC device is mounted by flip chip bonding using Au bump and tin-silver solder interconnection. The space between IC device and base substrate is encapsulated by under-filling resin. It is necessary to keep under-filling resin flow area around IC device. Because of this resin flow area, package size should be enlarged. To miniaturize package size, solder bumped IC device and encapsulation by molding resin instead of under-filling resin were used, then resin flow area was eliminated. MCeP is possible to use bottom package alternative for PoP and module application with IC device and passive components embedded.
Automatic Transition Predictions Using Simplified Methods (2009)

Laminar-turbulent transition remains a critical issue in a number of cases, including drag reduction, performance prediction of high-lift systems, improved accuracy in general computational fluid dynamics, and reduction of computation cycles for development of optimization tools. Transition delay remains one of the most promising technologies for reducing air transport energy consumption, through natural or hybrid laminar flow control. The use of linear stability theory, either local or nonlocal, remains rather demanding in terms of knowledge and user interaction. Hence, a demand exists for simplified, robust, and accurate transition prediction tools to be inserted into general flow solvers, of boundary-layer or Reynolds-averaged Navier―Stokes types. The problem can be solved by developing transition criteria or database methods. In this last case, characteristics of an actual flow are derived from known solutions of model flows. ONERA, the French Aerospace Laboratory, has long been involved in the development of such methods, and the present paper aims at providing a comprehensive view of the tools developed in the second category, applicable from low-speed two-dimensional to transonic three-dimensional flows, and even to three-dimensional supersonic flows.
Synthesis and characterization of novel rigid two‐photon absorbing polymers (2005)

Abstract Two‐photon absorbing polymers with alternating fluorenyl units as a π‐conjugated bridge and bisbenzothiazole or thiazolothiazole as electron‐acceptors were synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Improvement on the solubility was observed in comparison with their phenyl based analogies. The linear absorption and emission spectra were recorded and high fluorescence quantum yields were found. Relatively large two‐photon absorption cross‐section per repeat unit (420 GM) were measured under fs‐pulsed laser excitation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mycorrhizal technologies for an agriculture of the middle (2020)

Across industrial societies, midsize farms are in decline. A future of sustainable agriculture will require more than industrial and cottage farmers. We show that emergent mycorrhizal science is well‐suited to support applications for an “agriculture of the middle,” and note two obstacles to the development of more integrated mycorrhizal technologies: an overreliance on commercial inoculants (industrial agriculture) and a tendency to treat soil biology as a black box (cottage agriculture). In this paper, we aim to provoke conversation among policy makers, research funders, and corporate executives on the development of mycorrhizal technologies for an agriculture of the middle.
Determination of Essential and Variable Residues in Pediocin PA-1 by NNK Scanning (2006)

Pediocin PA-1 is an antimicrobial peptide (called bacteriocin) that shows inhibitory activity against the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. To elucidate which residue(s) is responsible for this function, the antimicrobial activities of pediocin PA-1 mutants were evaluated and compared. Each of the 44 native codons was replaced with the NNK triplet oligonucleotide in a technique termed NNK scanning, and 35 mutations at each position were examined for antimicrobial activities using a modified colony overlay screening method. As a consequence, the functional responsibility of each residue was estimated by counting the number of active mutants, allowing us to identify candidate essential/variable residues. Activity was abrogated by many of the mutations at residues Y2, G6, C9, C14, C24, W33, G37, and C44, indicating that these residues may be essential. In contrast, activity was retained by almost all versions harboring mutations at K1, T8, G10, S13, G19, N28, and N41, indicating that these are functionally redundant residues. Sequence analysis revealed that only the wild type was active and 14 and 11 substitutions were inactive at G6 and C14, respectively, while 12 and 11 substitutions were active and 2 and 0 substitutions were inactive at T8 and K1, respectively. These findings suggest that NNK scanning is effective for determining essential and variable residues in pediocin PA-1, leading to an elucidation of structure-function relationships and to improvements in the antimicrobial function efficiently by peptide engineering.
"Litigation cells" in the Papanicolaou smear: extramural review of smears by "experts". (1997)

This paper presents a historical review of litigation involving false-negative Papanicolaou smears. The impact of the look back provision of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 and the media attention focused on false-negative Papanicolaou smears is discussed. The problem types of cervicovaginal smears, including the categories of atypical squamous and/or glandular cells of undetermined significance, are also described.
Two E-Boxes Are the Focal Point of Muscle-specific Skeletal Muscle Type 1 Na+ Channel Gene Expression (1998)

We have characterized a group of cis-regulatory elements that control muscle-specific expression of the rat skeletal muscle type 1 sodium channel (SkM1) gene. These elements are located within a 3. 1-kilobase fragment that encompasses the 5'-flanking region, first exon, and part of the first intron of SkM1. We sequenced the region between -1062 and +311 and determined the start sites of transcription; multiple sites were identified between +1 and +30. The basal promoter (-65/+11) lacks cell-type specificity, while an upstream repressor (-174/-65) confers muscle-specific expression. A positive element (+49/+254) increases muscle-specific expression. Within these broad elements, two E boxes play a pivotal role. One E box at -31/-26 within the promoter, acting in part through its ability to bind the myogenic basic helix-loop-helix proteins, recruits additional factor(s) that bind elsewhere within the SkM1 sequence to control positive expression of the gene. A second E box at -90/-85 within the repressor controls negative regulation of the gene and acts through a different complex of proteins. Several of these cis-regulatory elements share both sequence and functional similarities with cis-regulatory elements of the acetylcholine receptor delta-subunit; the different arrangement of these elements may contribute to unique expression patterns for the two genes.
A FACILE AND GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 4-HYDROXYCYCLOPENTENONES (1976)

Abstract Various rethrolones were prepared in good yields simply from 2,5-disubstituted furans. The electrooxidation of 2,5-disubstituted dihydrofurans gave 2,5-dimethoxy-2,5-disubstituted dihydrofurans. Hydrolysis of electrooxidation products with ion enchange-resin, followed by the treatment with base gave rethrolones. Furthermore, this method was applicable for the synthesis of 2-alkyl-4-hydroxycyclopentenone.
Numerical simulation of a store in controlled separation (1999)

Overset grid methods have been used in a variety of computations at Arnold Engineecng Development Center, most notably in the simulation of store-drop trajectories for the determination of safe separation. Modern military aircraft produce complex flow fields at transonic speeds. Such flow fields often produce unanticipated forces and moments on both pylon-mounted stores and stores mounted in internal bays. These forces and moments can affect store attitude to such an extent that safe release and ballistic accuracy are compromised. The current trend in munition development is toward guided stores,. where an autopilot may be used to fly the store away from the parent aircraft and improve separation characteristics. Overset grid methods can be easily adapted to include autopilot algorithms‘in the store separation simulation loop. One such approach has been developed and documented at AEDC. It requires no changes to the flow solver or grid-to-grid communication software, and only minor changes to the six-degree-of-freedom solver. The inclusion of the autopilot resulted in no measurable computational performance penalty. The results show a dramatic variation in simulated store motion between the controlled and uncontrolled store trajectories in a typical fighter aircraft interference flow field. lntrodudtlon titularly in the simulation of store-drop trajectories for the determination of safe separation. AEDC has a proven capability in numerical simulation of nonmaneuvering stores. However, Nichols and Evans’ showed that the interference flow field of the F15-E aircraft had a. pronounced impact on the carriage loads for an AGM-130 and on the effectiveness of the store control surfaces. The degradation of control effectiveness is nonuniform, varying from one control surface to another. Not surprisingly, the interference is also worse during ‘store-drop maneuvers at low altitudes and speeds in the high transonic to low supersonic range. The current trend in munition development is to use autopilots to fly the stores away from the parent aircraft. A ‘project was undertaken at AEDC to extend the existing CFD simulation capability to include such active control surfaces