gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenosine A<sub>2A</sub>Receptor Activation Prevents Wear Particle–Induced Osteolysis (2012)

Prosthesis loosening, associated with wear particle-induced inflammation and osteoclast-mediated bone destruction, is a common cause for joint implant failure, leading to revision surgery. Adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) mediate potent anti-inflammatory effects in many tissues and prevent osteoclast differentiation. We tested the hypothesis that an A(2A)R agonist could reduce osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in a murine calvaria model of wear particle-induced bone resorption. C57BL/6 and A(2A)R knockout (A(2A)R KO) mice received ultrahigh-molecular weight polyethylene particles and were treated daily with either saline or the A(2A)R agonist CGS21680. After 2 weeks, micro-computed tomography of calvaria demonstrated that CGS21680 reduced particle-induced bone pitting and porosity in a dose-dependent manner, increasing cortical bone and bone volume compared to control mice. Histological examination demonstrated diminished inflammation after treatment with CGS21680. In A(2A)R KO mice, CGS21680 did not affect osteoclast-mediated bone resorption or inflammation. Levels of bone resorption markers receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK), RANK ligand, cathepsin K, CD163, and osteopontin were reduced after CGS21680 treatment, together with a reduction in osteoclasts. Secretion of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α was significantly decreased, whereas IL-10 was markedly increased in bone by CGS21680. These results in mice suggest that site-specific delivery of an adenosine A(2A)R agonist could enhance implant survival, delaying or eliminating the need for revision arthroplastic surgery.
An adaptive multi-disciplinary telemedicine system (2002)

Telemedicine is often assumed to apply to all medical services delivered over a telecommunications channel. However, in this paper, a dynamically adaptive multi-disciplinary workstation (DAMDW) is discussed which is usable by a significant number of specialists and primary care physicians which not only adapts to the specialty of the physician, but also to the bandwidth available to the participating health care centers. The telemedicine system architecture described easily incorporates advances in computer and communication technology that minimizes early obsolescence. In addition, the system maximizes remote logistical support, providing significant operational cost reduction. The DAMDW is a based on the Unix operating system with software components which can be used on various computer architectures that provide cost alternatives during the system acquisition process. The DAMDW incorporates informatics interfaces as well as commercial videoconferencing software and videoconferencing software obtained using anonymous FTP on the Internet.
Investigation of AsO clustering in si (1989)

The electrical activation of arsenic in silicon at high oxygen concentrations is investigated using a double implantation of arsenic and oxygen and RTA treatment. The presence of the high oxygen concentration is responsible for the occurrence of electrically inactive arsenic after high temperature annealing. AsO clustering takes place at about 900°C in times shorter than 5 s if the oxygen concentration exceeds 5.2 × 1020 cm−3. The activation behaviour of the AsO clusters during RTA can be described by an equilibrium reaction As+ + 3 O ⇌ AsO3. Das Verhalten einer mit Arsen und Sauerstoff implantierten Si-Schicht wird nach Kurzzeitausheilung RTA untersucht. Eine hohe Sauerstoffkonzentration führt in Silizium nach einer Hochtemperaturausheilung zur Bildung von elektrisch inaktiven AsO-Verbindungen. Die AsO-Verbindungen bilden sich bei etwa 900°C in einer Zeit unter 5 s, wenn die Sauerstoffkonzentration höher als 5,2 × 1020 cm−3 ist. Das Aktivierungsverhalten der AsO-Verbindungen bei RTA kann durch eine Gleichgewichtsreaktion beschrieben werden, As+ + 3 O ⇌ AsO3.
An analysis of the rate of metallothionein mRNA POLY(A)-shortening using RNA blot hybridization (1985)

A progressive reduction in the size of rat metallothionein-1 mRNA following induction by copper chloride or dexamethasone was demonstrated on RNA blots, and was shown to be due to shortening of the poly(A)-tail. The rate of poly(A) removal was the same in rat liver and kidney following copper chloride induction, in rat liver following dexamethasone induction, and in mouse liver following copper chloride induction. In mouse liver metallothionein-1 and 2 mRNAs were shortened at the same rate. The reduction of the poly(A) tail was more rapid in the first 5 hours (approximately 20 nucleotides/h) but much slower (approximately 3 nucleotides/h) after the poly(A)-tail had been reduced to about 60 residues. Metallothionein mRNA molecules with poly(A) tail sizes less than 30-40 nucleotides were not observed. Exonuclease digestion of the poly(A)-tail is suggested, at least in the initial rapid phase. It is hypothesized that poly(A)-tails longer than 30 are required for mRNA stability and that much longer poly(A) tails may give newly synthesized mRNA molecules a competitive advantage in protein synthesis.
SENECA:  A Platform-Independent, Distributed, and Parallel System for Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation in Organic Chemistry (2001)

The program package SENECA for Computer-Assisted Structure Elucidation (CASE) of organic molecules is described. SENECA is written completely in the programming language Java and divided into a server, a client, and a gatekeeper part. While the client allows for input of spectroscopic information, the server part performs the actual structure elucidation by stochastically walking through constitution space while optimizing the molecule toward agreement with given spectral properties. The convergence is guided by simulated annealing. The gatekeeper administers a list of server processes, which can be retrieved by the client. The package is completely platform-independent and its server part can be distributed over the Internet or an intranet using a heterogeneous network of almost any number and type of computers, thus allowing for parallel CASE computations on ordinary networks, present in almost any institution.
Fatigue Life of Seamless Steel Pressure Vessels (1987)

Cyclic-pressure fatigue tests of three seamless steel pressure vessels show that typical production vessels should have a fatigue life at least equal to the allowable life calculated by code procedures. Stresses from finite-element models and strain-gage measurements are correlated and used in a simplified fracture mechanics approach for a conservative estimate of fatigue life.
Gel-on-a-chip: continuous, velocity-dependent DNA separation using nanoscale lateral displacement (2019)

We studied the trajectories of polymers being advected while diffusing in a pressure driven flow along a periodic pillar nanostructure known as nanoscale deterministic lateral displacement (nanoDLD) array. We found that polymers follow different trajectories depending on their length, flow velocity and pillar array geometry, demonstrating that nanoDLD devices can be used as a continuous polymer fractionation tool. As a model system, we used double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) with various contour lengths and demonstrated that dsDNA in the range of 100-10 000 base pairs (bp) can be separated with a size-selective resolution of 200 bp. In contrast to spherical colloids, a polymer elongates by shear flow and the angle of polymer trajectories with respect to the mean flow direction decreases as the mean flow velocity increases. We developed a phenomenological model that explains the qualitative dependence of the polymer trajectories on the gap size and on the flow velocity. Using this model, we found the optimal separation conditions for dsDNA of different sizes and demonstrated the separation and extraction of dsDNA fragments with over 75% recovery and 3-fold concentration. Importantly, this velocity dependence provides a means of fine-tuning the separation efficiency and resolution, independent of the nanoDLD pillar geometry.
임상)미술치료의 실태현황 및 제도화 도입에 관한 연구 (2012)

우리나라는 1990년대 이후 여러 미술치료 대학원과 학회, 협회, 교육원 등이 생겨나고 있지만 미술치료에 대한 체계적인 학문적 접근이나 임상실습여건이 미비한 상황이다. 또한 미술치료 자격이 국가 공인 자격으로 인정받지 못하고 있으며 미술치료사에 대한 자격관리와 관련 규정이 전무한 상태이며, 치료사의 자격 관련 제도가 미흡하여 미술치료 관리체계의 표준화 필요성이 높아지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 외국의 현황, 우리나라 현재 미술치료사의 현장에서의 실태 및 파악, 치료사 추진제도의 필요성 및 활용도를 넣었다. 미술치료사들의 직업적 권익 보호 및 서비스를 받는 환자들의 양질의 의료 서비스, 치료사들의 의료, 인성, 교육의 질적 관리가 필요한 시점이다. 본 연구자는 미술치료의 국가의 체계적인 관리를 통한 (임상)미술치료 표준화 제도 방안을 다음과 같이 몇 가지 방안을 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 임상미술치료사의 자격관리는 국가가 일괄적으로 관리하는 국가자격 또는 민간자격을 국가가 공인하여 운영하는 국가공인자격이 바람직하다. 둘째, 자격취득 요건은 적어도 대학이나 대학원을 졸업한 전공자에게 자격시험에 응시할 수 있는 기회를 주도록 한다. 셋째, 미술치료 관련 대학원 졸업자에게 ‘미술치료사’ 자격을 부여하고, 별도의 교육과정을 거쳐 국가(공인)자격시험에 의해 의료기관에서 활동할 수 있는 ‘임상미술치료사’ 자격을 부여한다. 넷째, 치료사 자격을‘ 임상미술치료사’와‘ 미술상담사’로 구분한다. 치료사 양성 과정에 있어서 의료기관에서의 임상수련을 마친 후 국가(공인)자격시험을 통해 전문성이 확보된 치료사는 ‘임상미술치료사’의 자격을 가진다. 그 외는 ‘미술상담사’로 의료기관 외의 기관으로 활동 영역을 구분한다.(임상미술치료학연구 2012;7(1):5-26)
Measured attenuation of coplanar waveguide on CMOSgrade silicon substrates with polyimide interface layer (1998)

The measured propagation constant of a coplanar waveguide on CMOS grade silicon with a polyimide interface layer is presented. It is shown that the transmission line can have an attenuation comparable to other transmission lines on Si substrates if the proper polyimide thickness is used.
Characterization of Lactococcus lactis UV-sensitive mutants obtained by ISS1 transposition (1997)

Studies of cellular responses to DNA-damaging agents, mostly in Escherichia coli, have revealed numerous genes and pathways involved in DNA repair. However, other species, particularly those which exist under different environmental conditions than does E. coli, may have rather different responses. Here, we identify and characterize genes involved in DNA repair in a gram-positive plant and dairy bacterium, Lactococcus lactis. Lactococcal strain MG1363 was mutagenized with transposition vector pG+host9::ISS1, and 18 mutants sensitive to mitomycin and UV were isolated at 37 degrees C. DNA sequence analyses allowed the identification of 11 loci and showed that insertions are within genes implicated in DNA metabolism (polA, hexB, and deoB), cell envelope formation (gerC and dltD), various metabolic pathways (arcD, bglA, gidA, hgrP, metB, and proA), and, for seven mutants, nonidentified open reading frames. Seven mutants were chosen for further characterization. They were shown to be UV sensitive at 30 degrees C (the optimal growth temperature of L. lactis); three (gidA, polA, and uvs-75) were affected in their capacity to mediate homologous recombination. Our results indicate that UV resistance of the lactococcal strain can be attributed in part to DNA repair but also suggest that other factors, such as cell envelope composition, may be important in mediating resistance to mutagenic stress.
Two dimensional space-time pilot symbol assisted demodulation over frequency nonselective Rayleigh fading channels (2003)

Pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) is known to provide good performance in estimating the multiplicative distortion of fading channels. The 2-D space-time PSAM is derived and analyzed in this paper by applying the multiple-antenna reception at the base station. The interrelationship between temporal and spatial correlations is shown to provide better channel information than using the temporal correlation solely. The average mean square error (MSE) per antenna and the binary phase shift keying (BPSK) bit error probability (BEP) are used to characterize the performance analytically and draw comparisons with the traditional 1-D PSAM. When 5 antennas are used, the 2-D space-time PSAM has better average performance over the l-D PSAM for about 4 dB of MSE or 1 dB of BPSK BEP.
Cathepsin G-dependent platelet stimulation by activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and its inhibition by antiproteinases: role of P-selectin-mediated cell-cell adhesion (1993)

Human PMN stimulated by fMLP are able to activate coincubated, autologous platelets. Cathepsin G, a neutral serine protease stored in the azurophilic granules of PMN, is the major platelet activator in this system. We previously proposed that shear-induced close PMN- platelet contact creates the conditions for which cathepsin G activity on platelets is protected against antiproteinases. The aim of this study was to investigate the adhesive mechanisms, possibly creating between PMN and platelet membranes the microenvironment in which cathepsin G, discharged from stimulated PMN onto adherent platelets, is protected against antiproteinases. Microscopic examination showed that under conditions of high shear, 71.3% +/- 6.1% of PMN were associated to platelets forming small clumps. This percentage decreased to 10% +/- 2% and 13% +/- 4%, respectively, in the presence of an inhibitory antibody to P-selectin or 20 mmol/L mannose-1-phosphate and to 10.8% +/- 3.7% when cells were not stirred. Similarly, PMN pretreatment with neuraminidase abolished PMN binding to platelets. These results indicate that P-selectin mediates PMN-platelet adhesion occurring before PMN stimulation. Prevention of PMN-platelet contact significantly potentiated the inhibitory effect of alpha 1-protease inhibitor on subsequent cathepsin G-induced platelet serotonin release. Because anti-P-selectin antibody, mannose-1-phosphate, and neuraminidase treatment of PMN did not modify PMN-induced platelet activation in the absence of antiproteinases, it is suggested that P- selectin-mediated PMN-platelet adhesion results in the formation of a sequestered microenvironment between cell membranes, in which higher amounts of antiproteinases are required to prevent the activity of released cathepsin G. These data add a new functional role to P- selectin-mediated PMN-platelet adhesion that could be important in vivo because of the presence of antiproteinases in plasma.
A 3.5 ns, 1 Watt, ECL register file (1990)

A 36-b (32-b words with byte parity) by 32-word triple-ported register file designed to be used as a macrocell in an emitter-coupled-logic (ECL) reduced-instruction-set-computer (RISC) microprocessor is discussed. The goal was to produce a dense, low-power design, since the floating-point coprocessor requires two register files. The chips are fabricated using a 2- mu m, triple-implanted, three-level metal bipolar process. This process yields small, low-capacitance transistors, ideal for running at low currents. The minimum-size transistor has a collector series resistance of 1500 Omega , so transistor sizing is very important in this technology. A standard ECL inverter running at an 80- mu A tail has a nominal delay of 350 ps. The metal pitches are 4 mu m on metal 1 and metal 2 and 8 mu m on metal 3.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
6C3 - Efficient pulsed gas discharge lasers (1966)

A class of lasers which operates by cyclic excitation and relaxation in atomic vapor discharges is discussed. The required energy level structure for maximum efficiency is described. Pulsed laser action in neutral atomic copper vapor at 5105.54Å (58 dB/m, 2 kW peak power) and at 5782.13Å (42 dB/m, 0.6 kW peak power) provides experimental verification and promises high efficiency. Pulsed laser action was also observed in ionized calcium at 8542.09Å and 8662.14Å. Both have saturated gains of 58 dB/m and a total peak power output above 30 W.
An implementation of remote lighting control system based on Zigbee technology and SoC solution (2008)

Based on the study of the characteristics of ZigBee technology and the analysis of the structure of wireless sensor networks, here proposed a new reliable, flexible and inexpensive remote lighting control system based on ZigBee technology and SoC (system-on-chip) solution. This paper emphasizes on the implementation of ZigBee protocol and data communication flow. The hardware and software design are presented. The experimental and application results have shown that ZigBee technology is suitable for wireless control in home lighting and proved that the new wireless sensor network has a more vast range of prospects in home automation and industrial control.
The Flatbed Platoon Towing Model for Safe and Dense Platooning on Highways (2015)

Optimizing the inter-distances between vehicles is very important to reduce traffic congestion on highways. Variable spacing and constant spacing are the two policies for the longitudinal control of platoons. Variable spacing doesn't require a lot of data (position, speed...) from other vehicles, and string stability can be obtained using on-board information only. However, inter-vehicle distances are very large, and hence traffic density is low. Constant spacing offers string stability with high traffic density, but it requires data communication between the vehicles, at least from the leader. In this paper, a new platoon model and a modification of the variable spacing policy are proposed. This modification is effective to decrease the distances between the cars, making them nearly equal to the constant spacing policy. It also enables increasing string stability. This new approach doesn't require heavy communication between the vehicles. The new model is based on an unidirectional spring-damper model between vehicles, with the vehicles loaded on a virtual flatbed tow truck. From this configuration, conditions of stability and safety of a homogeneous platoon are derived. Based on this new model, a control has been derived and evaluated by simulation with a perfect system model using Matlab, and with a more realistic vehicle model using TORCS (The Open Racing Car Simulator). The simulation consists of a platoon of ten vehicles, moving on highways, with a desired inter-vehicle distance equal to 1 meter. The stability and the safety of the platoon are tested during platoon creation, changing the speed and emergency stop. The good results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.
Modulation of respiratory rhythm in vitro: role of Gi/o protein-mediated mechanisms (1996)

Slice preparations from neonatal rat medulla that generate respiratory rhythm in vitro were used to test for Gi/o protein-mediated mechanisms affecting breathing rhythm in mammals. The frequency of inspiratory motor discharge recorded from hypoglossal (XII) nerve roots decreased with bath application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and norepinephrine, as well as agonists specific for GABAB, alpha 2-adrenergic, and mu-opioid receptors; 5-hydroxytryptamine had little effect on frequency. Microinjection of these specific agonists into the pre-Bötzinger complex, the site of respiratory rhythm generation in vitro, also decreased frequency. In contrast, substance P (SP) increased frequency when it was bath applied or microinjected into the pre-Bötzinger complex. To test for involvement of Gi/o proteins, pertussis toxin (PTX) was injected into the cerebrospinal fluid of newborn rats, and slices from these animals were tested 48 h later for block of drug effects on rhythm. In PTX-treated slices the frequency decrease due to GABAB, mu-opioid, and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activation was attenuated (P < or = 0.05), whereas the SP receptor-mediated response was unaltered. To test for involvement of K+ conductances linked to Gi/o proteins Ba2+ (0.2 mM) was added to the bath before application of drugs. Ba2+ attenuated the decrease in frequency associated with GABAB (P < or = 0.05) and mu-opioid (0.10 < or = P < or = 0.05) receptor activation, whereas the alpha 2-adrenergic and SP responses were unaltered. We conclude that GABAB and mu-opioid, but not alpha 2-adrenergic and SP, receptor activation modulates respiratory frequency via a Gi/o protein-dependent Ba(2+)-sensitive ionic conductance mechanism on neurons within the medullary locus for rhythm generation. This mechanism may be a convergent pathway for control of respiratory frequency.
Enhanced intercell interference coordination in HetNets: Single vs. multiflow approach (2013)

In this article, we focus on enhanced Inter-Cell Interference Coordination (e-ICIC) techniques in heterogeneous network (HetNet) deployments, whereby macro- and picocells autonomously optimize their downlink transmissions in time and frequency domain and with minimum coordination. This problem is cast as a multi-agent system, in which the macro- and picocells (i.e., agents) learn their optimal transmission strategies (power levels, cell range expansion (CRE) bias and frequency), with minimum information exchange. Specifically, we examine the frequency domain ICIC scenario, and propose a two-level learning procedure in which picocells learn their optimal CRE bias and transmit power allocation, as well as suitable frequency bands for multi-flow transmission. In turn, the macrocell optimizes its downlink transmission by serving its users, while adhering to the picocell interference constraint. To substantiate our theoretical findings, Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) based system level simulations are carried out. Interestingly, it is shown taht the proposed dynamic multi-flow solution outperforms the single-flow approach. Improvements of 60% in total throughput and 240% in cell-edge UE throughput are obtained in the case of dynamic multi-flow approach with 8 picocells per macrocell.
Characterisation of Al–Ti dissimilar material joints fabricated using ultrasonic additive manufacturing (2015)

Ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is a solid state manufacturing process for joining thin metal tapes using principles of ultrasonic metal welding. The process operates at low temperatures, enabling dissimilar material welds without generating harmful intermetallic compounds. In this study, a 9 kW UAM system was used to create joints of Al 1100 and commercially pure titanium. Viable process parameters were identified through pilot weld studies via controlled variation of weld force, amplitude and weld speed. Push-pin delamination tests and shear tests were performed, comparing as-built, heat treated and spark plasma sintering treated samples. Heat treated and spark plasma sintering treated samples yielded mechanical strengths over twice that of as-built samples. Electron backscatter diffraction measurements show that deformation and grain refinement only take place in the aluminium layers. Heat treated samples exhibit a thin intermetallic layer, which is hypothesised as constraining the interface, leading to the improved strength.