gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and unexpected electrochemical behavior of the triphenylamine‐based aramids with <i>ortho</i>‐ and <i>para</i>‐trimethyl‐protective substituents (2010)

Abstract Two series of new organosoluble polyamides with methyl‐substituted triphenylamine (MeTPA) units showing anodically electrochromic characteristic were prepared from the phosphorylation polyamidation reaction of two diamine monomers, 4,4′‐diamino‐2″,4″,6″‐trimethyltriphenylamine (Me 3 TPA‐diamine; 2 ) and 4,4′‐diamino‐4″‐methyltriphenylamine (MeTPA‐diamine; 2 ′), with various dicarboxylic acids, respectively. These polymers were readily soluble in many polar solvents and showed useful levels of thermal stability associated with relatively high glass‐transition temperatures ( T g ) (314–329 °C) and high char yields (higher than 62% at 800 °C in nitrogen). In addition, the polymer films showed reversible electrochemical oxidation, high coloration efficiency (CE), low switching time, and anodic green electrochromic behavior. The unexpected electrochemical behavior of higher oxidation potential and lower electrochemical stability of Me 3 TPA‐polyamides I than MeTPA corresponding polymers could be attributed to the higher steric hindrance of ortho‐substituents in Me 3 TPA moieties, thus made the resonance stabilization of cation radical much more difficult for the Me 3 ‐substituted phenyl ring. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Influence of location of acceleration sensor on physiological tremor of upper limb. (2006)

The physiological tremor of the upper limb in three positions of pronation, neutrality, and supination due to the movement of forearm was measured on four locations at the tip of the finger, the root of the finger in the hand, the wrist, and the elbow with use of an accelerated sensor. The evaluation of the total power, which was the summation of the power spectrum in the frequency range from 1 to 50 Hz, showed no significant difference in any of the positions. The maintenance of the upper limb at the horizontal level showed the coordination of the central nervous system due to the body parts of the upper arm, forearm, hand, and finger connected by the joint. The coherence spectra showed clear activation of the joint of the wrist in the main peak frequency of around 2.5 and 12.5 Hz in their respective positions. The value of the correlation coefficient in the location between the hand and finger was the largest at over 0.8, and those of the locations which connected the joint of the wrist between the forearm and hand and between the forearm and finger were significantly large with a value from 0.6 to 0.8. The mean time (i.e., arrival time) of the transmission from the proximal side (i.e., upper arm and forearm) to the distal side (i.e., hand and finger) in the upper limb was evaluated quantitatively to be 20 ms for pronation and supination, but the value was small for neutrality.
Recognition of Building Roof Facets by Merging Aerial Images and 3D Lidar Data in a Hierarchical Segmentation Framework (2006)

We investigate in this paper an original methodology for detecting roof facets through the fusion of aerial images and lidar data (3D point cloud). Based on a hierarchical segmentation of the image, we define a cost function that manages the merging order of regions. It depends on both radio-metric similarities of two neighbouring regions as well as on extracted information from lidar data. Considering that lidar data have been filtered into points belonging either to ground or non-ground classes, we define semantic and geometric rules in the binary merging process. Building roof facets are finally detected by selecting a level of generality for representing roof building components. Some remarks are given concerning the reliability of the integration of lidar and image data. Reconstructed roof facets are finally shown onto complex buildings
Mechanisms of Paresthesiae, Dysesthesiae, and Hyperesthesiae: Role of Na<sup>+</sup> Channel Heterogeneity (1996)

Paresthesiae, dysesthesiae, and hyperesthesiae ('positive symptoms') result from ectopic nerve impulses secondary to inappropriate membrane excitability which develops in the setting of chronic sensory axonal injury. The molecular changes in the membranes of dorsal root ganglion neurons which underlie ectopic impulse generation as a result of chronic axonal injury are unknown. Preliminary evidence has suggested that voltage-dependent Na+ channels are one of the participants in the production of ectopic impulses, but the precise form of their participation remains to be determined. The present paper reviews normal sensory anatomy and Na+ channel physiology, as well as clinical syndromes heralded by positive sensations and what is so far known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying them. Properties of two distinct populations of Na+ channels native to the DRG neurons which give rise to cutaneous afferents are described. The biophysical properties of each population of Na+ channels must be tuned with respect to the other in order to cooperate in the generation of action potential activity underlying normal sensory function. A novel hypothesis is put forth suggesting that chronic axonal injury leads to intraneuronal heterogeneity of the populations of Na+ channels in cutaneous afferents, as revealed by their characteristic properties. This may result in one population of Na+ channels activating the other, leading to membrane instability, and possibly to ectopic impulse generation.
DNA Shuffling and Screening Strategies for Improving Vaccine Efficacy (2005)

The efficacy of vaccines can be improved by increasing their immunogenicity, broadening their crossprotective range, as well as by developing immunomodulators that can be coadministered with the vaccine antigen. One technology that can be applied to each of these aspects of vaccine development is MolecularBreeding directed molecular evolution. Essentially, this technology is used to evolve genes in vitro through an iterative process consisting of recombinant generation followed by selection of the desired recombinants. We have used DNA shuffling and screening strategies to develop and improve vaccine candidates against several infectious pathogens including Plasmodium falciparum (a common cause of severe and fatal human malaria), dengue virus, encephalitic alphaviruses such as Venezuelan, western and eastern equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV, WEEV, and EEEV, respectively), human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). By recombining antigen-encoding genes from different serovar isolates, new chimeras are selected for crossreactivity; these vaccine candidates are expected to provide broader crossprotection than vaccines based on a single serovar. Furthermore, the vaccine candidates can be selected for improved immunogenicity, which would also improve their efficacy. In addition to vaccine candidates, we have applied the technology to evolve several immunomodulators that when coadministered with vaccines can improve vaccine efficacy by fine-tuning the T cell response. Thus, DNA shuffling and screening technology is a promising strategy to facilitate vaccine efficacy.
STRESS, CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR NEURONS, AND THE ACTIONS OF BENZODIAZEPINES (1992)

Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA, U.S.A.
Severity of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury in a novel mouse model is age dependent* (2012)

The uterine ligation and inoculation model for sepsis-induced AKI starts from a real infectious focus and shows an age-dependent severity of septic AKI that resembles AKI in humans.
Monoclonal M6 antibody interferes with neurite extension of cultured neurons (1992)

Monoclonal M6 antibody binds to the surface of murine central nervous system neurons as well as to apical surfaces of epithelial cells in the choroid plexus and proximal tubules of the kidney. M6 antigen is expressed in the central nervous system as early as embryonic day 10, most strongly in the marginal zone of the neural tube, and remains detectable in adulthood. IgG or Fab fragments of M6 antibody interfere with the extension of neurites by cultured cerebellar neurons. Effects of the antibody on neurite extension are readily detectable after 24 h. No reduction of cell viability is detected during the first 3 days of antibody treatment. Cultures maintained in the presence of antibody for longer than 5 days exhibit reduced viability of neurons. This reduction in long-term viability in the presence of M6 antibody is largely avoided when 25 mM KCl is included in the culture medium. The antibody-mediated perturbation of neurite outgrowth is not blocked by the presence of elevated KCl. The unusually short and flattened appearance of neurites in these cultures suggests that the M6 antibody selectively affects neurite extension. Time-lapse cinematography of anti-M6-treated neurons reveals no apparent effect on movement of lamellipodia and filopodia of growth cones. Only the overall extension of the neurite appears to be inhibited. M6 antigen is a 35 kD glycoprotein that can be isolated from a deoxycholate- (DOC) solubilized membrane fraction from adult mouse brain.
Independent testing of compiler phases using a test case generator (1989)

Abstract Since a compiler phase depends on previous phases for input, it can be difficult to do timely independent unit testing of some phases. This can make integration more difficult and reduce overall quality. A test case generator has been used to circumvent this problem by providing an independent source of phase test inputs. Using a context‐free grammar augmented with contextsensitive constructs, a test case generator can generate intermediate language graphs in textual form.
Wavelength interleaved bidirectional add/drop amplifier module (2000)

We propose a bidirectional add/drop amplifier (BADA) module with an N/spl times/N arrayed waveguide grating multiplexer. The relative intensity noise that degrades bidirectional transmission system severely is suppressed by interleaved wavelength allocation. With two proposed RADA modules, we demonstrate bidirectional transmission and add/drop multiplexing of 8/spl times/2.5 GWs WDM signal over 120-km conventional single mode fiber with less than 0.6 dB power penalty in the receiver sensitivity.
Small Molecule Enhancement of 20S Proteasome Activity Targets Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (2017)

The 20S proteasome is the main protease for the degradation of oxidatively damaged and intrinsically disordered proteins. When accumulation of disordered or oxidatively damaged proteins exceeds proper clearance in neurons, imbalanced pathway signaling or aggregation occurs, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. Screening of the NIH Clinical Collection and Prestwick libraries identified the neuroleptic agent chlorpromazine as a lead agent capable of enhancing 20S proteasome activity. Chemical manipulation of chlorpromazine abrogated its D2R receptor binding affinity while retaining its ability to enhance 20S mediated proteolysis at low micromolar concentrations. The resulting small molecule enhancers of 20S proteasome activity induced the degradation of intrinsically disordered proteins, α-synuclein, and tau but not structured proteins. These small molecule 20S agonists can serve as leads to explore the therapeutic potential of 20S activation or as new tools to provide insight into the yet unclear mechanics of 20S-gate regulation.
Merging and extending the PGP and PEM trust models-the ICE-TEL trust model (1997)

The ICE-TEL project is a pan-European project which is building an Internet X.509-based certification infrastructure throughout Europe plus several secure applications that will use it. This article describes the trust model being implemented by the project. A trust model specifies the means by which a user may build trust in the assertion that a remote user is really who he purports to be (authentication) and that he does in fact, have a right to access the service or information he is requesting (authorization). The ICE-TEL trust model is based on a merging of and extensions to the existing pretty good privacy (PGP) web of trust and privacy-enhanced mail (PEM) hierarchy of trust models, and is called a web of hierarchies trust model. The web of hierarchies model has significant advantages over both previous models, and these are highlighted. The article further describes the way the trust model is enforced through some of the new extensions in the X.509 V3 certificates, and gives examples of its use in different scenarios.
HPTR: Hardware partition in time redundancy technique for fault tolerance (2003)

A fault-masking technique for both arithmetic and logical operations in an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is proposed. The technique, which is basically time redundant, takes advantage of both time and hardware redundancy concepts. The method with which error correction is accomplished resembles that of triplication of hardware. Time redundancy is then used to complete the computation and obtain the final result on the same hardware. For example, a 12-b addition operation can be realized by using each of three 4-b adder modules three times in parallel. During each partial calculation, the error correction is accomplished by taking the majority gate of the results from the three 4-b adder blocks. The operation of an N-bit full-adder is shown as an example to describe the basis of the hardware partition in time redundancy (HPTR) technique.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) as a tool to measure dehydration in mice (2015)

Dehydration is a prevalent pathology, where loss of bodily water can result in variable symptoms. Symptoms can range from simple thirst to dire scenarios involving loss of consciousness. Clinical methods exist that assess dehydration from qualitative weight changes to more quantitative osmolality measurements. These methods are imprecise, invasive, and/or easily confounded, despite being practiced clinically. We investigate a non‐invasive, non‐imaging 1 H NMR method of assessing dehydration that attempts to address issues with existing clinical methods. Dehydration was achieved by exposing mice ( n = 16) to a thermally elevated environment (37 °C) for up to 7.5 h (0.11–13% weight loss). Whole body NMR measurements were made using a Bruker LF50 BCA‐Analyzer before and after dehydration. Physical lean tissue, adipose, and free water compartment approximations had NMR values extracted from relaxation data through a multi‐exponential fitting method. Changes in before/after NMR values were compared with clinically practiced metrics of weight loss (percent dehydration) as well as blood and urine osmolality. A linear correlation between tissue relaxometry and both animal percent dehydration and urine osmolality was observed in lean tissue, but not adipose or free fluids. Calculated R 2 values for percent dehydration were 0.8619 (lean, P < 0.0001), 0.5609 (adipose, P = 0.0008), and 0.0644 (free fluids, P = 0.3445). R 2 values for urine osmolality were 0.7760 (lean, P < 0.0001), 0.5005 (adipose, P = 0.0022), and 0.0568 (free fluids, P = 0.3739). These results suggest that non‐imaging 1 H NMR methods are capable of non‐invasively assessing dehydration in live animals. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self-tested self-synchronization by a two-phase input port (2002)

In high speed large systems, global clocking is used to protect clocked I/O from data read failure due to clock skew. There are many drawbacks in global clock distribution utilized to reduce the clock skew. This paper addresses a self-tested self-synchronization (STSS) method implemented by a two-phase input port for parallel data transfer between blocks. A test signal is added to remove the data read failure. The advantages of this method are: very high data throughput; less power consumption in clock distribution; no constraints on clock skew and system scale; easy in design; less latency. A failure zone concept is used to characterize the behavior of storage elements. By using a jitter injected test signal, robust parallel data transfer between blocks with arbitrary local clock phases is achieved and the problem of global synchronization is avoided in designing high performance ULSI.
Signal processing applications of charge-coupled devices (1976)

The charge-coupled device is essentially a sampled-data, analogue shift register which permits many signal processing functions to be implemented in analogue form. This paper reviews the development of these devices for communication, radar and sonar applications, and summarizes the advantages of the charge-coupled concept over digital techniques
Noninvasive prenatal screening at low fetal fraction: comparing whole-genome sequencing and single-nucleotide polymorphism methods (2017)

The WGS method will detect more aneuploidies below the fetal fraction threshold at which many labs issue a no-call result, avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures. © 2017 Counsyl Inc. Prenatal Diagnosis published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of ethyl acetate addition on phase stability and fuel characteristics of hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends (2018)

Hydrous ethanol or commercial ethanol is regarded as a promising additive for gasoline. Its low cost and many other advantages, such as increasing the octane number and reduction of harmful emissions, motivate the researchers to investigate its use as an economic octane booster. The most common drawback of using hydrous ethanol as a gasoline additive is the phase separation problem. In this study, the effect of adding ethyl acetate (EA) on the phase stability, distillation curve, vapor pressure, vapor lock index and octane number of hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends was investigated. The reference fuel blends were formulated by mixing hydrous ethanol (96%) with hydrocarbon-based gasoline in different percentages (5, 10, 15 and 20 vol%). For studying the effect of ethyl acetate on the fuel specifications, it was mixed with 15% hydrous ethanol-gasoline blend in different percentage (3, 6, 9 and 12 vol%). The experimental results indicated that ethyl acetate has a good ability to increase the phase stability and the octane number of the hydrous ethanol-gasoline blends without causing adverse impacts on the other studied specifications.
Dairy Manure Solids Cut Bedding Costs (2008)

NYS Energy Research and Development Authority, NY Farm Viability Institute, Cornell Cooperative Extension and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Lossless multiresolution transform for image authenticating watermarking (2000)

This paper present a new algorithm able to achieve a one-to-one mapping of a digital image onto another image. This mapping takes into account the limited resolution and the limited quantization of the pixels. The mapping is achieved in a multiresolution way. Performing small modifications on statistics of the details allows to build a lossless, i.e. revertible, watermarking authenticating procedure.
Idiopathic torsion dystonia linked to chromosome 8 in two mennonite families (1997)

The DYT1 locus on chromosome 9q34 is responsible for most childhood limb-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia (ITD). Linkage to DYT1 has been excluded in families with adult-onset, and predominantly cranial-cervical, ITD. We mapped a locus (DYT6) associated with prominent cranial-cervical ITD in two large Mennonite families to chromosome 8. An identical haplotype spanning 40-cM segregates with ITD in these families, suggesting a shared mutation from the recent past.
Mislocalization to the nuclear envelope: An effect of the dystonia-causing torsinA mutation (2004)

Primary dystonia is a disease characterized by involuntary twisting movements caused by CNS dysfunction without underlying histopathology. DYT1 dystonia is a form of primary dystonia caused by an in-frame GAG deletion (DeltaE302/3) in the TOR1A gene that encodes the endoplasmic reticulum luminal protein torsinA. We show that torsinA is also present in the nuclear envelope (NE), where it appears to interact with substrate, and that the DeltaE302/3 mutation causes a striking redistribution of torsinA from the endoplasmic reticulum to the NE. In addition, DeltaE302/3-torsinA recruits WT torsinA to the NE, potentially providing insight into an understanding of the dominant inheritance of the disease. DYT1 dystonia appears to be a previously uncharacterized NE disease and the first, to our knowledge, to selectively affect CNS function.
Lipid imaging by gold cluster time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: application to Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2005)

Imaging with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) has expanded very rapidly with the development of gold cluster ion sources (Au(3+)). It is now possible to acquire ion density maps (ion images) on a tissue section without any treatment and with a lateral resolution of few micrometers. In this article, we have taken advantage of this technique to study the degeneration/regeneration process in muscles of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy model mouse. Specific distribution of different lipid classes (fatty acids, triglycerides, phospholipids, tocopherol, coenzyme Q9, and cholesterol) allows us to distinguish three different regions on a mouse leg section: one is destroyed, another is degenerating (oxidative stress and deregulation of the phosphoinositol cycle), and the last one is stable. TOF-SIMS imaging shows the ability to localize directly on a tissue section a great number of lipid compounds that reflect the state of the cellular metabolism.
Distinct Subsets of Stromal Cells Confined to Unique Microenvironments in Human Endometrium Throughout the Menstrual Cycle (1991)

Human endometrial stroma exhibits rather uniform morphology throughout the endometrium. However, predecidualization develops characteristically around vessels and subsequently around glands and under surface epithelium, demonstrating existence of regional differences among stromal cells. Immunoreactivity of stromal cells in endometrial tissues from various phases of the menstrual cycle, as elucidated by employing monoclonal antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, very late antigen-1 (VLA-1), Ber-EP4, and HLA-DR, revealed presence of phenotypically distinct subsets of stromal cells confined to unique microenvironments throughout the menstrual cycle. All stromal cells strongly expressed vimentin and weakly expressed cytokeratin. However, Ber-EP4 positive stromal cells were distinctly confined around glands and to the subluminal regions of the surface epithelium. The intervening stromal cells were Ber-EP4 negative. The HLA-DR positive stromal cells were characteristically present in three different locations: around glands and under surface epithelium, around blood vessels and around HLA-DR positive lymphoid cells. From all antigens studied, only expression of VLA-1 in the stromal cells showed a characteristic change throughout the menstrual cycle. Stromal cells in the proliferative and early secretory phases were VLA-1 negative. However, VLA-1 characteristically developed initially in the HLA-DR positive cells around vessels and then in HLA-DR/Ber-EP4 positive cells around glands and under surface epithelium. Eventually, all stromal cells in the upper functionalis expressed VLA-1 in the late secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. These data underscore a heterogeneity in stromal cells not exemplified by their morphology. Also, they provide a basis for understanding the differences that the stroma exhibits in morphologic and functional differentiation throughout the menstrual cycle.