gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ascochlorin Enhances the Sensitivity of Doxorubicin Leading to the Reversal of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2016)

Increasing evidence has indicated that epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) at the advanced stage of liver cancer not only has the ability to self-renew and progress cancer, but also enables greater resistance to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies. Here, we report that ascochlorin (ASC), an isoprenoid antibiotic, could potentiate the cytotoxic effect of doxorubicin on HCCLM3, SNU387, SNU49, and SK-Hep-1 hepatocellular carcinoma cells, which had a predominantly mesenchymal signature with low expression of E-cadherin but high expression of N-cadherin. Co-administration of ASC reduced doxorubicin-induced invasion/migration and modulated EMT characteristics in mesenchymal cells. This process was probably mediated by the E-cadherin repressors Snail and Slug. In addition, ASC increased sensitivity to doxorubicin treatment by directly inhibiting STAT3 binding to the Snail promoter. We also observed that ASC significantly enhanced the effect of doxorubicin against tumor growth and inhibited metastasis in an HCCLM3_Luc orthotopic mouse model. Collectively, our data demonstrate that ASC can increase sensitivity to doxorubicin therapy and reverse the EMT phenotype via the downregulation of STAT3-Snail expression, which could form the basis of a novel therapeutic approach against hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2966-76. ©2016 AACR.
Editorial Comment (1991)

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Performance of orthogonal multicarrier CDMA in a multipath fading channel (1996)

A new multicarrier direct sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system is proposed. Transmitted data bits are serial to parallel converted to a number of parallel branches. On each branch each bit is direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) modulated and transmitted using orthogonal carriers. This procedure provides the following advantages: the transmission bandwidth is more efficiently utilized, the effect of frequency selective multipath interference can be mitigated, and frequency/time diversity is achieved. The system is analyzed with both a conventional matched-filter (MF) receiver and a RAKE receiver for each carrier. The performance is compared to that of the conventional single carrier system with RAKE receiver. It is shown that the multicarrier system is able to out-perform the RAKE receiver when the system parameters are selected properly.
Novel interference alignment in multi-secondary users cognitive radio system (2012)

New interference alignment (IA) design for secondary users' transceivers in multi-secondary users cognitive radio system is presented. The proposed scheme allows opportunistic transmitters (secondary users) equipped with multiple antennas (MIMO) to use the same frequency band already occupied by the pre-existing primary user. This can be done by aligning and cancelling the interference on the primary user when local channel state information (CSI) is known. A novel closed form solution for precoding, postcoding, power allocation designed for the secondary users is derived. The proposed solution eliminates the interference of secondary users on primary user while whitening the interference caused by the primary user and other secondary users on each secondary user in the system. Numerical results prove the effectiveness of our novel IA scheme compared to other iterative methods that are used for the same purpose.
Sporicidal Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Against Food Spoilage Organisms (1973)

The sporicidal properties of hydrogen peroxide were evaluated at concentrations of 10 to 41% and at temperatures of 24 to 76 C. The organisms tested and their relative resistance at 24 C to 25.8% H(2)O(2) were: Bacillus subtilis SA 22 > B. subtilis var. globigii > B. coagulans > B. stearothermophilus > Clostridium sp. putrefactive anaerobe 3679 > S. aureus, with "D" values of 7.3, 2, 1.8, 1.5, 0.8., and 0.2 min, respectively. Heat shocking spores prior to hydrogen peroxide treatment decreased their resistance. Wet spores were more resistant than dry spores when good mixing was achieved during hydrogen peroxide treatment. Inactivation curves followed first-order kinetics except for a lag period where the inactivation rate was very slow. Increasing the H(2)O(2) concentration and the temperature reduced the lag period.
Highly Selective Carbon Dioxide Uptake by [Cu(bpy-<i>n</i>)<sub>2</sub>(SiF<sub>6</sub>)] (bpy-1 = 4,4′-Bipyridine; bpy-2 = 1,2-Bis(4-pyridyl)ethene) (2012)

A previously known class of porous coordination polymer (PCP) of formula [Cu(bpy-n)(2)(SiF(6))] (bpy-1 = 4,4'-bipyridine; bpy-2 = 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethene) has been studied to assess its selectivity toward CO(2), CH(4), N(2), and H(2)O. Gas sorption measurements reveal that [Cu(bpy-1)(2)(SiF(6))] exhibits the highest uptake for CO(2) yet seen at 298 K and 1 atm by a PCP that does not contain open metal sites. Significantly, [Cu(bpy-1)(2)(SiF(6))] does not exhibit particularly high uptake under the same conditions for CH(4), N(2), and, H(2)O, presumably because of its lack of open metal sites. Consequently, at 298 K and 1 atm [Cu(bpy-1)(2)(SiF(6))] exhibits a relative uptake of CO(2) over CH(4) of ca. 10.5:1, the highest value experimentally observed in a compound without open metal sites. [Cu(bpy-2)(2)(SiF(6))] exhibits larger pores and surface area than [Cu(bpy-1)(2)(SiF(6))] but retains a high CO(2)/CH(4) relative uptake of ca. 8:1.
Doped fibre length and pump power of gain-flattenedEDFAs (1996)

A simple method for determining the doped fibre length and the pump power of gain-flattened EDFAs has been proposed on the basis of average inversion of the erbium ions with maximum gain flatness. The difference between the obtained and the desired gains to achieve the output power per channel of –5 – 5 dBm while maintaining the maximum gain flatness was < ±0.3 dB.
A heparin-binding domain from N-CAM is involved in neural cell-substratum adhesion. (1986)

Cell-substratum adhesion in the embryonic chicken nervous system has been shown to be mediated in part by a 170,000-mol-wt polypeptide that is a component of adherons. Attachment of retinal cells to the 170,000-mol-wt protein is inhibited by the C1H3 monoclonal antibody and by heparan sulfate (Cole, G. J., D. Schubert, and L. Glaser, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 100:1192-1199). In the present study we have demonstrated that the 170,000-mol-wt C1H3 polypeptide is immunologically identical to the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM, and that the 170,000-mol-wt component of N-CAM is preferentially secreted by cells as a component of adherons. We have identified a monoclonal antibody, designated B1A3, that inhibits heparin binding to N-CAM and cell-to-substratum adhesion. A 25,000-mol-wt heparin (heparan sulfate)-binding domain of N-CAM has been identified by limited proteolysis, and this fragment promotes cell attachment when bound to glass surfaces. The fragment also partially inhibits cell binding to adherons when bound to retinal cells, and the B1A3 monoclonal antibody inhibits retinal cell attachment to substrata composed of intact N-CAM or the heparin-binding domain. These data are the first evidence that N-CAM is a multifunctional protein that contains both cell-and heparin (heparan sulfate)-binding domains.
Power amplifier linearisation using post-distortionerrorcanceller based on complex envelope transfer characteristics (2000)

A new linearisation technique for an RF high-power amplifier (HPA) using a post-distortion error canceller (PDEC) is presented. The PDEC generates an error signal based on the complex envelope transfer characteristics of the HPA, which is combined at the output of the HPA. Therefore, the stability of the system is guaranteed.
Phenolic Compounds in Food and Cancer Prevention (1992)

A general overview of the phenolic compounds in food and health is presented, with emphasis on the actual amounts eaten by humans and possible effects on cancer. Because of the widespread occurrence of phenolic compounds in our food, humans ingest a large amount of phenolic compounds. Most phenolic compounds in food are plant flavonoids, but others include synthetic antioxidants such as the food additives butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), chlorogenic acid in coffee, caffeic acid and ferulic acid in vegetables and fruits, α-tocopherol and related compounds in oils from vegetables and grains, the polyphenolic catechins found in tea and red wine, carnosol in rosemary leaves, and curcumin in turmeric, curry and mustard. Almost all of these polyphenolic compounds possess several common biological and chemical properties: (a) antioxidant activity, (b) the ability to scavenge active oxygen species, (c) the ability to scavenge electrophiles, (d) the ability to inhibit nitrosation, (e) the ability to chelate metals, (f) the potential for autoxidation, producing hydrogen peroxide in the presence of certain metals, and (g) the capability to modulate certain cellular enzyme activities. These compounds share some of these biological and chemical properties with vitamins C and E, and many have been found, or are likely to be able, to inhibit various steps of tumor development in experimental animals and probably in humans. The biological activities and functions of phenolic compounds are reviewed, especially as they relate to their mechanisms of anticarcinogenicity.
Fabrication of Conductive Silver Microtubes Using Natural Catkin as a Template (2017)

Catkin, a natural hollow fiber, is used as a template to fabricate light, flexible, and electrically conductive silver microtubes with a high aspect ratio. The template is functionalized with tannic acid (TA)-Fe coordination complexes. Because of the metal ion chelating ability and reducibility of TA, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) can be formed in situ on the fiber's surface. The as-formed Ag NPs can act as nucleation sites in subsequent electroless silver plating, leading to the formation of a compact and uniform silver coating on the microtube. The coating is constructed by densely packed Ag NPs of only 15 ± 5 nm in diameter. Because of the tight accumulation and small size of the Ag NPs, the resulting silver-coated microtubes, without any post-treatment, show an electrical resistivity of 1500 mΩ·cm at a bulk density of 0.6 g·cm<sup>-3</sup>. We find that the in situ formed nucleation sites and the stirring speed in the electroless plating play important roles in the formation of a silver coating with a high electrical conductivity. This method may be extended to fabricate conductive nanocoatings on other substrates.
Evaluation of Microelectrode Arrays for Amperometric Detection by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy (1998)

Ultramicroelectrode arrays have been manufactured by a combination of screen printing and laser ablation with different sizes of the active electrode areas and different interelectrode spacings. The participation of each array element in the heterogeneous redox reaction can be checked with the help of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). Because the active electrode area is recessed compared to the insulating cover layer of the sensor, a loss in sensitivity is found on such arrays compared to an electrode array of the same geometry which is in plane with its insulating surrounding. Consequences for the application of such electrode arrays as the basis of sensors in hand-held devices for in-field testing are discussed.
Microbending and modal noise (1983)

The effect of microbending loss on SNRs received from multimode graded-index fibers excited by single-mode laser sources is considered. Analytical expressions are derived which describe the combined effects of microbending loss and detector misalignment loss on the integrated intensity statistics in the fiber. The theoretical predictions for the SNR are experimentally checked and found to be in good agreement with the experimental data.
Gain switching in a vertical-cavity laser withhigh-contrast mirrors (1995)

Gain-switched operation of an optically pumped vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with high-contrast AlxOy/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors is characterised. A pulse width of less than 8 ps is obtained. The far-field radiation patterns at different pump levels are found to depend on the temporal response.
Thermal stability of copper silicide passivation layers in copper-based multilevel interconnects (1998)

Copper thin films were exposed to a dilute silane mixture at temperatures in the range of 190–363 °C. The resulting silicide surface layers were characterized by four-point probe, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. A definitive stability regime is observed in which progressively higher copper content phases exist with increasing temperature. Cu3Si, formed in silane, on annealing converts to Cu5Si and eventually to no silicide layer by a silicon diffusion reaction that in an inert ambient drives silicon into underlying copper to form a solid solution. In oxidizing ambients, a similar phenomenon occurs but now silicon also diffuses to surfaces where it oxidizes to form a self-passivating SiO2 layer on surface. These results have important implications governing integration of copper silicide as a passivation layer and silicon hydride based dielectric deposition in copper-based multilevel interconnect in ultralarge scale integration.
Hierarchical System Combination for Machine Translation (2007)

Given multiple translations of the same source sentence, how to combine them to produce a translation that is better than any single system output? We propose a hierarchical system combination framework for machine translation. This framework integrates multiple MT systems ’ output at the word-, phrase- and sentence- levels. By boosting common word and phrase translation pairs, pruning unused phrases, and exploring decoding paths adopted by other MT systems, this framework achieves better translation quality with much less redecoding time. The full sentence translation hypotheses from multiple systems are additionally selected based on N-gram language models trained on word/word-POS mixed stream, which further improves the translation quality. We consistently observed significant improvements on several test sets in multiple languages covering different genres. 1
[Elental prevented and reduced oral mucositis during chemotherapy in patients esophageal cancer]. (2011)

Stomatitis is a side effect caused frequently by chemotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer, but a standard treatment for it has not been established. Reactive oxygen species are known to be among the causes of stomatitis induced by chemotherapy or radiotherapy, and some reports suggest that their influences might be reduced by the oral supplementation of glutamine. Elental® is one of the widely-used nutritional supplements, and its pack contains 1, 932 mg of L-glutamine (an especially high amount.). Therefore, we examined the preventive or reducing effects Elental® mey have on oral mucositis. Fifteen patients with esophageal cancer received chemotherapy, six of whom had grade one oral mucositis. All of those six patients entered the investigation, and seven courses of Elental® were administered. After seven courses, all six patients oral mucositis declined from grade 1 to grade 0. This result suggests that Elental® has preventive or reducing effects on oral mucositis.
Aquaporin Expression in the Brains of Patients With or Without Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2010)

Aquaporins have recently been identified as protein channels involved in water transport. These channels may play a role in the edema formation and alterations in microvascular function observed in Alzheimer disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We investigated the expression of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) in 24 human autopsy brains consisting of 18 with AD and varying degrees of CAA and 6 with no pathologic abnormalities using immunohistochemistry. In cases of AD and CAA, there was enhanced AQP4 expression compared with the age- and sex-matched controls. Aquaporin 4 immunoreactivity was prominent at the cerebrospinal fluid and brain interfaces, including subpial, subependymal, pericapillary, and periarteriolar spaces. Aquaporin 1 expression in AD and CAA cases was not different from that in age- and sex-matched controls. Double labeling studies demonstrated that both AQP1 and 4 were localized to astrocytes. Both enhanced AQP4 expression and its unique staining pattern suggest that these proteins may be important in the impaired water transport observed in AD and CAA.
[Erinit biotransformation and a structural study of its dominant metabolite]. (1986)

Chromatographic and spectral methods were used for the study. The structural formula of erinit dominant metabolite was worked out on the base of IR-and mass-spectrometry data. It was glucuronide-penta-erythrite-trinitrate, isolated from the urine of patients with cardiac ischemia.
A cloud-oriented cross-domain security architecture (2010)

The Monterey Security Architecture addresses the need to share high-value data across multiple domains of different classification levels while enforcing information flow policies. The architecture allows users with different security authorizations to securely collaborate and exchange information using commodity computers and familiar commercial client software that generally lack the prerequisite assurance and functional security protections. MYSEA seeks to meet two compelling requirements, often assumed to be at odds: enforcing critical, mandatory security policies, and allowing access and collaboration in a familiar work environment. Recent additions to the MYSEA design expand the architecture to support a cloud of cross-domain services, hosted within a federation of multilevel secure (MLS) MYSEA servers. The MYSEA cloud supports single-sign on, service replication, and network-layer quality of security service. This new cross-domain, distributed architecture follows the consumption and delivery model for cloud services, while maintaining the federated control model necessary to support and protect cross-domain collaboration within the enterprise. The resulting architecture shows the feasibility of high-assurance, cross-domain services hosted within a community cloud suitable for inter-agency, or joint, collaboration. This paper summarizes the MYSEA architecture and discusses MYSEA's approach to provide an MLS-constrained cloud computing environment.
Using SMS to deliver location-based services (2003)

Significant competition in the telecommunications sector is forcing mobile network operators continually to seek new and innovative ways to differentiate and increase profits. Highly personalized mobile services, leveraging location information, offers a key to such profits. The paper discusses the issues in the traditional Web-based approach for location-based services. Primary issues in this approach are the cost of the service and ease of use. A new approach using SMS to deliver location-based services is proposed that addresses these issues. SMS has gained huge popularity as a medium for mobile data communication in recent times. The utilization of SMS to deliver location-based services may enable service providers to obtain rapid return on investment and leverage existing networks. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the SMS approach.
Symmetrical waveguide devices fabricated by direct UV writing (2002)

Power splitters and directional couplers fabricated by direct UV writing in index matched silica-on-silicon samples can suffer from an asymmetrical device performance, even though the UV writing is carried out in a symmetrical fashion. This effect originates from a reduced photosensitivity in the vicinity of previous exposed areas. The imbalance can be counteracted by an appropriate reduction of the applied scan velocity in areas, where a previous scan has been carried out nearby.
MEK inhibitors and their potential in the treatment of advanced melanoma: the advantages of combination therapy (2015)

The treatment of melanoma has improved markedly over the last several years with the advent of more targeted therapies. Unfortunately, complex compensation mechanisms, such as those of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, have limited the clinical benefit of these treatments. Recently, a better understanding of melanoma resistance mechanisms has given way to intelligently designed multidrug regimes. Herein, we review the extensive pathways of BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib and dabrafenib) resistance. We also review the advantages of dual therapy, including the addition of an MEK inhibitor (cobimetinib or trametinib), which has proven to increase progression-free survival when compared to BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. Finally, this review touches on future treatment strategies that are being developed for advanced melanoma, including the possibility of triple therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and the work on optimizing sequential therapy.
Monitoring Hippocampus Electrical Activity <i>In Vitro</i> on an Elastically Deformable Microelectrode Array (2009)

Interfacing electronics and recording electrophysiological activity in mechanically active biological tissues is challenging. This challenge extends to recording neural function of brain tissue in the setting of traumatic brain injury (TBI), which is caused by rapid (within hundreds of milliseconds) and large (greater than 5% strain) brain deformation. Interfacing electrodes must be biocompatible on multiple levels and should deform with the tissue to prevent additional mechanical damage. We describe an elastically stretchable microelectrode array (SMEA) that is capable of undergoing large, biaxial, 2-D stretch while remaining functional. The new SMEA consists of elastically stretchable thin metal films on a silicone membrane. It can stimulate and detect electrical activity from cultured brain tissue (hippocampal slices), before, during, and after large biaxial deformation. We have incorporated the SMEA into a well-characterized in vitro TBI research platform, which reproduces the biomechanics of TBI by stretching the SMEA and the adherent brain slice culture. Mechanical injury parameters, such as strain and strain rate, can be precisely controlled to generate specific levels of damage. The SMEA allowed for quantification of neuronal function both before and after injury, without breaking culture sterility or repositioning the electrodes for the injury event, thus enabling serial and long-term measurements. We report tests of the SMEA and an initial application to study the effect of mechanical stimuli on neuron function, which could be employed as a high-content, drug-screening platform for TBI.
The mammographic breast pattern and oral contraception (1986)

The relationship of oral contraceptive usage to breast parenchymal patterns has been studied in 5319 self-selected women presenting to a breast screening unit. Among premenopausal women, 46.1% had taken an oral contraceptive ("the pill") in the past, and 9.5% were still taking the pill. These patients showed a decreased incidence of P2 patterns and an increased incidence of N1 patterns. Of the post-menopausal women, 14.7% had been on the pill. Similar differences of incidence of parenchymal patterns are noted in these women. The significance of these changes is unclear.
Immunological Properties in Staphylococcal Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (1977)

The analysis of host defenses in 4 patients with staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis revealed normal serum immunoglobulin levels, but a deficiency in cell-mediated immunity as detected by the tuberculin reactions. We suspected that the transient deficiency of cell-mediated immunity may have contributed to the development of this disease.