gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Every Four Monthly and Quarterly Dosing of Faricimab vs Ranibizumab in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03038880.
Anchoring like octopus: biologically inspired soft artificial sucker (2017)

This paper presents a robotic anchoring module, a sensorized mechanism for attachment to the environment that can be integrated into robots to enable or enhance various functions such as robot mobility, remaining on location or its ability to manipulate objects. The body of the anchoring module consists of two portions with a mechanical stiffness transition from hard to soft. The hard portion is capable of containing vacuum pressure used for actuation while the soft portion is highly conformable to create a seal to contact surfaces. The module is integrated with a single sensory unit which exploits a fibre-optic sensing principle to seamlessly measure proximity and tactile information for use in robot motion planning as well as measuring the state of firmness of its anchor. In an experiment, a variable set of physical loads representing the weights of potential robot bodies were attached to the module and its ability to maintain the anchor was quantified under constant and variable vacuum pressure signals. The experiment shows the effectiveness of the module in quantifying the state of firmness of the anchor and discriminating between different amounts of physical loads attached to it. The proposed anchoring module can enable many industrial and medical applications where attachment to environment is of crucial importance for robot control.
Task-pushing: a Scalable Parallel GC Marking Algorithm without Synchronization Operations (2007)

This paper describes a scalable parallel marking technique for garbage collection that does not employ any synchronization operation. To achieve good scalability, two major design issues have to be resolved in parallel marking algorithm, i.e., the overhead of synchronization operations and load balance. This paper presents task-pushing, a novel parallel marking algorithm where each thread proactively gives up its spare tasks to other threads. Enlightened by the idea of communicating sequential process (CSP), task-pushing arranges the computation into a process network, eliminating synchronization operations in the whole marking process. Load balance is achieved by dripping tasks from thread local mark-stack for other threads to execute. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first parallel marking algorithm that completely avoids the synchronization primitives. We evaluated task-pushing in aspects of queuing efficiency, load balancing strategy, synchronization overhead, and overall scalability. The results on a 16-way Intel Xeon machine showed that task-pushing has better scalability than work-stealing technique with pseudojbb and GCOld server-kind Java benchmarks.
Amino acid sequence of rat mast cell protease I (chymase) (1987)

The amino acid sequence has been determined for rat mast cell protease I (RMCP I), a product of peritoneal mast cells. The active enzyme contains 227 residues, including three corresponding to the catalytic triad characteristic of serine protease (His-57, Asp-102, and Ser-195 in chymotrypsin). A computer search for homology indicates 73% and 33% sequence identity of RMCP I with rat mast cell protease II from mucosal mast cells and bovine chymotrypsin A, respectively. When the structure of RMCP I is compared to those of cathepsin G from human neutrophils and two proteases expressed in activated lymphocytes, 48-49% of the sequences are identical in each case. RMCP I has six half-cystine residues at the same positions as in RMCP II, cathepsin G, and the two lymphocyte proteases, suggesting disulfide pairs identical with those reported for RMCP II. A disulfide bond near the active site seryl residue and substrate binding site, present in pancreatic and plasma serine proteases, is not found in RMCP I or in the other cellular proteases. These results indicate that RMCP I and other chymotrypsin-like proteases of granulocyte and lymphocyte origin are more closely related to each other than to the pancreatic or plasma serine proteases.
Ultra-Deepwater Riserless Mud Circulation with Dual Gradient Drilling (2008)

No abstract available. <br><br> doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2204/iodp.sd.6.07.2008" target="_blank">10.2204/iodp.sd.6.07.2008</a>
Visualization and tracking of an inflatable balloon catheter using SSFP in a flow phantom and in the heart and great vessels of patients (2004)

Passive catheter tracking involves direct interaction between the device and its surroundings, creating a local signal loss or enhancement of the image. Using only standard balloon catheters filled with CO(2) and imaged with a steady-state free precession sequence, it was possible to visualize and passively track catheters in a flow phantom and in the heart and great vessels of 20 patients without any additional image processing. The phantom work demonstrated that it was advantageous to sacrifice spatial resolution in order to increase temporal resolution. Frame rates greater than 10/sec were necessary for ease of catheter manipulation. Although only the tip of the catheter was visualized, this technique proved to be effective in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
Urinary pyridinoline cross-links in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VI. (1995)

The Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous group of heritable disorders of connective tissue, affecting skin, ligaments, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs. The main general findings are hyperextensibility and bruisability of the skin, with abnormal scarring, and joint laxity. On the basis of clinical, genetic, and biochemical findings, EDS can be classified today into at least 10 different types. Among them, EDS type VI (MIM 225400) is characterized by marked muscular hypotonia from birth; kyphoscoliosis, often present at birth and progressing to a severe form; marfanoid habitus; eye involvement, often with microcornea and a tendency of the eyeballs to rupture after minor trauma; osteoporosis; and sometimes spontaneous rupture of arteries. The disorder is due to a deficiency of lysyl hydroxylase (E.C.1.14.11.4), inherited in an autosomal recessive mode. Traditionally, the clinical diagnosis is confirmed by an insufficiency of hydroxylysine, on analysis of hydrolyzed dermis and/or reduced enzyme activity in cultured skin fibroblasts. 12 refs., 1 tab.
A MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARY COMPOSITE AND POROUS MICROSTRUCTURES WITH VORONOI CELL FINITE ELEMENTS (1996)

The Voronoi Cell Finite Element Model (VCFEM) has been successfully developed for materials with arbitrary microstructural distribution. In this method, the finite element mesh evolves naturally by Dirichlet Tessellation of the microstructure. Composite VCFEM for small deformation plasticity has been developed by expressing the element stresses in terms of polynomial expansions of location co-ordinates. Though this works well for discrete composites with inclusions, its effectiveness diminishes sharply for porous materials with voids. The effect worsens sharply with voids of arbitrary shapes. To overcome this limitation, a new way of defining stress functions is introduced in this paper. Based on a transformation method similar to the Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping, it introduces reciprocal stress functions that are derived to incorporate shape effects. Several numerical experiments are conducted to establish the strength of this formulation. The effect of various microstructural morphologies on the overall response and local variables are studied.
Prediction of Molecular Weight Distribution and Long-Chain Branching Distribution of Low-Density Polyethylene from a Kinetic Model (1997)

Abstract The molecular weight distribution and the long-chain branching distribution of low-density polyethylene are predicted as a function of the synthesis conditions from a kinetic model for an autoclave reactor. The model includes initiations, propagation, termination by combination and disproportionation, and chain transfer to monomer, solvent, and polymer. Recursion formulas are developed to calculate the whole distribution density functions. A numerical method for solving the model equations is proposed. Several simulations have been performed to demonstrate the method, and predictions of long-chain branching distributions of an industrial autoclave reactor are compared with laboratory measuements.
The Auxiliary Substrate Concept: From simple considerations to heuristically valuable knowledge (2009)

Abstract Microorganisms are used in biotechnology. They are either (i) aim and purpose of a process, e.g. with the production of single cell proteins, or (ii) mean to an end insofar as they serve as a catalyst or “factory” for syntheses ( e.g. of products of primary and secondary metabolism, of enzymes and antibiotics) or for the degradation and detoxification of harmful organics and inorganics. In all cases, the efficiency and velocity, finally the productivity, are parameters which essentially determine the economy of the processes. Therefore, search for approaches to optimize these processes is a permanent task and challenge for scientists and engineers. It is shown that the auxiliary substrate concept is suitable to increase the yield coefficients. It is based on the energetic evaluation of organics, on the knowledge that organics as sources of carbon and energy for growth are deficient in ATP and/or reducing equivalents, and says that it is possible to improve the carbon conversion efficiency up to the carbon metabolism determined upper limit. The latter is determined by inevitable losses of carbon along the way of assimilation and anabolism and amounts to about 85% for so‐called glycolytic substrates, e.g. glucose, methanol, and to about 75% for gluconeogenetic substrates, e.g. C 2 ‐substrates (acetic acid, hexadecane). The approach is explained and some experimental examples are presented. By simultaneous utilization of an extra energy source (auxiliary substrate) the yield coefficient can be increased (i) in glucose from about 0.5 to 0.7 g/g (by means of formate), (ii) in acetate from 0.34–0.4 to 0.5–0.65 g/g (by means of formate and thiosulfate, respectively), and (iii) in hexadecane from about 0.94 to 1.26 g/g (by means of formate). The precalculated yield coefficients and mixing ratios agree well with the experimentally attained ones. The approach is easily feasible and economically valuable.
Nm-scale spatial resolution X-ray imaging with MLL nanofocusing optics: Instrumentational requirements and challenges (2016)

The Hard X-ray Nanoprobe (HXN) beamline at NSLS-II has been designed and constructed to enable imaging experiments with unprecedented spatial resolution and detection sensitivity. The HXN X-ray Microscope is a key instrument for the beamline, providing a suite of experimental capabilities which includes scanning fluorescence, diffraction, differential phase contrast and ptychography utilizing Multilayer Laue Lenses (MLL) and zoneplate (ZP) as nanofocusing optics. We present technical requirements for the MLL-based scanning microscope, outline the development concept and present first ∼15 × 15 nm2 spatial resolution x-ray fluorescence images.
Biological control of the whitefly 'Bemisia tabaci' in Spain (2002)

ReDivia es el Repositorio Institucional del IVIA. Su objetivo es reunir, preservar y divulgar la producción científica de nuestro instituto y facilitar su consulta en acceso abierto con estricto respeto al copyright.
Patterning and Visualizing Self-Assembled Monolayers with Low-Energy Electrons (2002)

We show that a trimethylsilyl (TMS) self-assembled monolayer on a silicon surface is a self-developing positive resist, which can be patterned with low energy electrons. Contact angle measurements have been used to quantify the efficiency of the exposure as a function of exposure dose and acceleration voltage. Ash formation was negligible, as a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) self-assembled monolayer could be formed on the patterned area without an intermediate development stage. APTES/TMS patterns have been visualized with scanning electron microscopy at low energy and atomic force microscopy. The functionality of the patterns has been tested by selective deposition of carbon nanotubes.
Human cumulus granulosa cell gene expression: a predictor of fertilization and embryo selection in women undergoing IVF (2004)

PTGS2, HAS2 and GREM1 gene expression correlates to morphological and physiological characteristics and provides a novel approach to predict human embryo development. Ultimately, with better predictors of follicular and embryonic health, higher quality embryos can be selected and transferred, reducing higher order pregnancy rates.
Pharmacotherapy, Current and Potential, for the Treatment of Cocaine Dependence (1995)

Before the 1980s, cocaine was viewed as producing a psychological, rather than physiological, dependence. Treatment of cocaine addiction was concentrated primarily on psychological intervention. There is now an improved understanding of the impact of long-term cocaine use on neurophysiological adaptation. Cocaine appears to exert its reinforcing effects through dopamine reuptake inhibition. The role of the five dopamine-receptor subtypes in this process is still under exploration. This new knowledge, coupled with the failure of many patients to respond to psychological treatment, has intensified the search for medications that reduce cocaine craving and abuse. There has been an acceleration of such research in the past decade; more than 30 agents have been investigated, and more than 100 reports have been published. These trials have yielded contradictory results, and, in some cases, the study designs have been inadequate. New agents with different mechanisms of action are being investigated, and they may yield better results. For progress to be made in the pharmacotherapy of cocaine abuse, future trials must be adequately designed with regard to dose and duration of medication, and nonpharmacological interventions must also be rigorously defined. Outcome criteria must be specific and objective. The diversity of the population of cocaine abusers suggests that different medications may be needed for different subgroups of patients. Until more effective pharmacotherapies are developed, it may be necessary to accept the use of agents that diminish, rather than eliminate, cocaine use.
Hex acts with β-catenin to regulate anteroposterior patterning via a Groucho-related co-repressor and Nodal (2006)

In Xenopus, the establishment of the anteroposterior axis involves two key signalling pathways, canonical Wnt and Nodal-related TGFbeta. There are also a number of transcription factors that feedback upon these pathways. The homeodomain protein Hex, an early marker of anterior positional information, acts as a transcriptional repressor, suppressing induction and propagation of the Spemman organiser while specifying anterior identity. We show that Hex promotes anterior identity by amplifying the activity of canonical Wnt signalling. Hex exerts this activity by inhibiting the expression of Tle4, a member of the Groucho family of transcriptional co-repressors that we identified as a Hex target in embryonic stem (ES) cells and Xenopus embryos. This Hex-mediated enhancement of Wnt signalling results in the upregulation of the Nieuwkoop centre genes Siamois and Xnr3, and the subsequent increased expression of the anterior endodermal marker Cerberus and other mesendodermal genes downstream of Wnt signalling. We also identified Nodal as a Hex target in ES cells. We demonstrate that in Xenopus, the Nodal-related genes Xnr1 and Xnr2, but not Xnr5 and Xnr6, are regulated directly by Hex. The identification of Nodal-related genes as Hex targets explains the ability of Hex to suppress induction and propagation of the organiser. Together, these results support a model in which Hex acts early in development to reinforce a Wnt-mediated, Nieuwkoop-like signal to induce anterior endoderm, and later in this tissue to block further propagation of Nodal-related signals. The ability of Hex to regulate the same targets in both Xenopus and mouse implies this model is conserved.
Michael J. Barnsley (2008)

Reports the death of Michael J. Barnsley, Pro Vice Chancellor of Swansea University, Swansea, U.K., and an Associate Editor for Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing.
Modeling and Computation of the Maximum Braking Energy Speed for Transport Category Airplanes (2017)

Transport-category or FAR/CS 25 certified airplanes may occasionally become braking energy capacity limited. Such limitation may exist when heavy airplanes are departing airports at high-density altitudes, on relatively long runways, and/or possibly with some tailwind component. A maximum braking energy VMBE speed exists which may limit the maximum allowable takeoff decision/action speed V1. The ever-existing possibility of high-speed rejected takeoff in such conditions may also limit the airplane gross weight for declared available distances. To gain deeper insights and acquire better understanding of the topic, a theoretical model of the maximum braking energy and the related VMBE speed for T-category airplanes was developed. The total kinetic energy of an airplane includes translational and rotary kinetic energy and the potential height-energy component for sloped runways. Time-dependent airplanes’ mechanical power expression has been derived. Weight transfer during dynamic braking has been implemented in the full nonlinear model. Added mass due to rotary inertia of spinning components has been incorporated and assumed constant. The brakes thermal model is based on a lumped-parameter analysis of ventilated brake rotors and stators; the thermal model is based on a small Biot-number approximation and sufficiently well describes the physics of friction braking. The nonlinear differential equations of motion and the differential thermal model are coupled. A nonlinear model incorporating a set of ordinary differential equations with tire slip can be solved numerically. This model enables determination of the entire history of translational and angular accelerations and speeds, longitudinal distance, forces, torque, and disc temperature during braking. A simpler model assuming constant physical and thermodynamic parameters is solved analytically for constant negative acceleration. This linear analytical model has been used as a workhorse method in our calculations. A new semi-empirical expression of temperature-dependent friction coefficient on brake rotor-stator pairs has been proposed. A theoretical model of maximum braking energy speed VMBE, which includes density-altitude, runway slope, and wind effects as parameters, has been developed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. A comparison of the theoretical VMBE model showed good agreement with measured and approved data for the B737-400 airplane at different density altitudes with and without, individual and combined, runway slope and tailwind effects. Results for new and fully worn brakes were obtained showing the effect of elevated temperatures on brake fade and consequently braking time and distance.
Good urodynamic practices: Uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and pressure‐flow studies** (2002)

Abstract This is the first report of the International Continence Society (ICS) on the development of comprehensive guidelines for Good Urodynamic Practice for the measurement, quality control, and documentation of urodynamic investigations in both clinical and research environments. This report focuses on the most common urodynamics examinations; uroflowmetry, pressure recording during filling cystometry, and combined pressure–flow studies. The basic aspects of good urodynamic practice are discussed and a strategy for urodynamic measurement, equipment set‐up and configuration, signal testing, plausibility controls, pattern recognition, and artifact correction are proposed. The problems of data analysis are mentioned only when they are relevant in the judgment of data quality. In general, recommendations are made for one specific technique. This does not imply that this technique is the only one possible. Rather, it means that this technique is well‐established, and gives good results when used with the suggested standards of good urodynamic practice. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:261–274, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of Electrochemically Driven Cu Nanograins in CuGa<sub>2</sub> Electrode (2007)

Upon lithiation, the active (Ga) and inactive component (Cu) in a binary intermetallic CuGa2 electrode are converted to nanograins (<50 nm) of LixGa and metallic Cu, respectively. It was found that the Cu nanograins are not idling as an inactive ingredient but have a strong influence on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of LixGa phases through a partial bonding to Ga atoms of LixGa (Cu→Ga−Li). The LixGa phase diagram is altered by the presence of Cu nanograins, eloquently demonstrating that the surface energy becomes more important than internal energy in controlling thermodynamics of nanosized materials. The lithiation rate is slower than that for pure Ga electrode because of activation energy needed for bond cleavage of the partial bonding. The delithiation rate capability is, however, exceptionally good; the capacity at 26 C amounts to 91% of that at 0.13 C, which is indebted to a weakening in the Ga−Li bond by the Cu→Ga partial bonding.
Optical applications of von Neumann’s alternating-projection theorem (1982)

The previous work of Gerchberg [Opt. Acta 21, 709 (1974)], Papoulis [IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-22, 735 (1975)], Youla [IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-25, 694 (1978)], and Stark et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. 71, 735 (1981)] on image restoration is presented in a generalized setting. New examples using three projections are given. The method is used to solve the general problem of diffraction by a perfectly conducting plane screen of arbitrary configuration.
The cell nucleus. (1987)

The cell nucleus is the information centre of the cell. It is responsible for copying highly selected regions of the genome into ribonucleic acid (RNA) and for supplying precisely regulated amounts of specific RNA molecules to the cytoplasm, where they are translated into proteins. In addition it must duplicate its entire structure every time the cell divides. This article considers how the nucleus is organised to perform the immensely complex task of selective information retrieval. Recently several different experimental approaches have elucidated how deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is organised in the nucleus and how specific regions of DNA are selected for expression at particular times and in particular cells of the body. One of the key problems in selective information retrieval in the nucleus becomes obvious if we consider how densely DNA is packed into the nucleus. Each chromosome consists of an individual double helix of DNA about 40 mm long by 2 nm wide packed into a nucleus of about 6 urn in diameter. The implications of these dimensions can be seen more clearly by a simple scale model enlarged one million times. On this scale the DNA in each chromosome would resemble thin string, 2 mm in diameter but 40 km long, and the total DNA in one nucleus would reach from London to Leningrad. Yet on the same scale this 1800 km of DNA must all be packaged into a nucleus of only 6 m diameter in such a way that specific regions must remain fully accessible for highly regulated expression. The answer to how such a densely packed structure can function in selective information retrieval lies in a precise three dimensional nuclear architecture. The contents of the nucleus are not just a randomly mobile solution but are highly organised into a hierarchy of ordered structures.