gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical Anesthetics for Dermatologic Procedures: A Review (2012)

Lidocaine-containing products play an integral role in cutaneous anesthesia by providing patient comfort with minimal side effects. Careful attention must be paid to the particular anatomic location, the total surface area covered, and the duration of anesthetic skin contact.
Navigation and control of the Nereus hybrid underwater vehicle for global ocean science to 10,903 m depth: Preliminary results (2010)

This paper reports an overview of the navigation and control system design for the new Nereus hybrid underwater robotic vehicle (HROV). Vehicle performance during its first sea trials in November 2007 near Hawaii, and in May and June 2009 in the Challenger Deep of the Mariana Trench is reported. During the latter expedition, the vehicle successfully performed scientific observation and sampling operations at depths exceeding 10,903 m. The Nereus underwater vehicle is designed to perform scientific survey and sampling to the full depth of the ocean - significantly deeper than the depth capability of all other present-day operational vehicles. For comparison, the second deepest underwater vehicle currently operational worldwide can dive to 7,000 m maximum depth. Nereus operates in two different modes. For broad-area survey, the vehicle can operate untethered as an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) capable of exploring and mapping the sea floor with sonars and cameras. Nereus can be converted at sea to become a tethered remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to enable close-up imaging and sampling. The ROV configuration incorporates a lightweight fiber-optic tether (for high-bandwidth, real-time video and data telemetry to the surface), an electro-hydraulic manipulator arm, and sampling instruments. The Nereus vehicle is designed to render all parts of the Earth's seafloor accessible to oceanographic science.
Obesity in middle age and future risk of dementia: a 27 year longitudinal population based study (2005)

Obesity in middle age increases the risk of future dementia independently of comorbid conditions.
The Kinetics of Industrial Ammonia Combustion (2013)

This thesis uses experiments and modelling to determine the kinetics of industrial ammonia combustion over platinum gauzes. The study is motivated by the existing poor understanding of the kinetics under industrial conditions. A comprehensive literature review of ammonia combustion is given, which includes a historical study of the industrial process, the current understanding of the industrial reaction kinetics, and an overview of the surface reaction mechanism. For this study, to further investigate industrial combustion, a burner was built whose design parameters were based on individual plant data found in the literature. Two models of the system are presented, one for the kinetics, and another for the temperatures in the catalyst bed. The key finding from the kinetic model is how individual process parameters determine the selectivity of the combustion products. The temperature model shows that for combustion in air, the catalyst surface temperature is not constant throughout the gauze pack, as it is currently thought to be.
<title>Compact cw supersonic chemical oxygen-iodine laser (COIL)</title> (1995)

A closed-loop flowing basic hydrogen peroxide (BHP) system with real-time cooling was constructed and coupled to a supersonic COIL, resulting in a 20-min. continuous run at an average power of 500 W. An overall BHP heat transfer coefficient of 150 BTU/(hr(DOT)ft<SUP>2</SUP>(DOT) degree(s)F) was measured.
Development of a dc brush motor with 50% weight and volume reduction using an Nd-Fe-B anisotropic bonded magnet (2003)

There is a need to reduce the weight and size of dc brush motors for automobile use. In the current study, sintered ferrite magnets were replaced by Nd-Fe-B anisotropic bonded magnets in an effort to reduce the size and weight of the motor. Finite-element analysis was carried out, and a four-pole anisotropic magnet was determined to be optimal. Based on these results, an actual 35-W brush motor for power automobile seats was test produced. A roughly 50% reduction of weight and volume was realized in this test-produced motor, which also maintained the same torque as the currently used ferrite motor.
Decrease of Bcl-xL and augmentation of thymocyte apoptosis in GILZ overexpressing transgenic mice (2004)

Glucocorticoids promote thymocyte apoptosis and modulate transcription of numerous genes. GILZ (glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper), being one of them, is strongly up-regulated in the thymus. To elucidate its function we generated transgenic mice overexpressing it specifically in the T-cell lineage and characterized its influence on thymus function. In young adult transgenic mice CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocyte number was significantly decreased and ex vivo thymocyte apoptosis was increased. Apoptotic pathway analysis detected reduced antiapoptotic B-cell leukemia XL (Bcl-xL) expression and increased activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3. Time-course experiments showed that in wild-type (WT) thymocytes GILZ up-regulation was followed by sequential Bcl-xL decreased expression and activation of caspase-8 and of caspase-3. Moreover, GILZ delivered inside WT thymocytes by a fusion protein with the transactivator of transcription (TAT) peptide decreased Bcl-xL and promoted their apoptosis. In aged mice perturbation of thymic subset numbers was amplified over time, as demonstrated by a further decrease in CD4(+)CD8(+) cells and increases in CD4(+)CD8(-), CD4(-)CD8(-), and CD8(+)CD4(-) cell counts. These results support the hypothesis that GILZ participates in the regulation of thymocyte apoptosis by glucocorticoids.
Toll-like Receptor-dependent and -independent Viperin Gene Expression and Counter-regulation by PRDI-binding Factor-1/BLIMP1 (2006)

Here we identify Viperin as a highly inducible gene in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), double-stranded RNA (poly(I-C)) or Sendai virus (SV). The only known function of Viperin relates to its ability to inhibit human Cytomegalovirus replication. Very little data are available on the regulation of this gene. In silico analysis of the promoter identified two interferon (IFN)-stimulated response elements (ISRE), which in other genes bind IRF3 or the IFN-stimulated gene factor-3 (ISGF3) complex. LPS and poly(I-C) induce very high levels of Viperin in wild type cells but not in cells deficient in TRIF, TBK1, IRF3, or the type I IFNalpha/betaR. SV-induced Viperin gene expression was mediated independently of Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling by retinoic acid-inducible gene (RIG-I) and the downstream adapter, mitochondrial anti-viral signaling (MAVS). Virus-induced Viperin expression was not attenuated in macrophages deficient in either TBK1 or IKKepsilon alone. Moreover, IRF3-deficient, but not IFNalpha/betaR deficient, macrophages still induced Viperin in response to SV. Promoter reporter studies combined with DNA immunoprecipitation assays identified the ISGF3 complex as the key regulator of Viperin gene expression. Moreover, positive regulatory domain I-binding factor 1 (PRDI-BF1, also called BLIMP1) binds the ISRE sites and competes with ISGF3 binding in a virus inducible manner to inhibit Viperin transcription. Collectively, these studies identify Viperin as a tightly regulated ISGF3 target gene, which is counter-regulated by PRDI-BF1.
Buskeeper PUFs, a promising alternative to D Flip-Flop PUFs (2012)

Cloning, theft of service and tampering have become serious threats on the revenue and reputation of hardware vendors. To protect their products against these attacks hardware security, based on cryptographic primitives using keys, can be used. These keys are usually stored somewhere in the hardware, so the strength of the security depends on the effort required from attackers to compromise them. Tools for attacking hardware have become very advanced, which has decreased the protection provided by storing a key in memory to a minimum. To protect devices against attacks on their keys, Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can be used. PUFs are primitives that extract secrets from physical characteristics of integrated circuits (ICs) and can be used, amongst others, for secure key storage. This paper introduces a new type of PUF, the Buskeeper. In our study this new type of PUF is evaluated on the properties of reliability and uniqueness. For this purpose several tests have been performed in order to compare the results of Buskeeper PUFs to those of D Flip-Flop (DFF) PUFs from [4] and [14]. This comparison shows that the Buskeeper PUF performs as well as, if not better than, this (already known and generally accepted) PUF type. Since Buskeepers are much more efficient than DFFs in regard to the amount of hardware resources required, we conclude that the Buskeeper PUF is a viable (and probably preferable) alternative to DFF PUFs.
Myeloperoxidase-mediated Methionine Oxidation Promotes an Amyloidogenic Outcome for Apolipoprotein A-I (2015)

High plasma levels of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) correlate with cardiovascular health, whereas dysfunctional apoA-I is a cause of atherosclerosis. In the atherosclerotic plaques, amyloid deposition increases with aging. Notably, apoA-I is the main component of these amyloids. Recent studies identified high levels of oxidized lipid-free apoA-I in atherosclerotic plaques. Likely, myeloperoxidase (MPO) secreted by activated macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions is the promoter of such apoA-I oxidation. We hypothesized that apoA-I oxidation by MPO levels similar to those present in the artery walls in atherosclerosis can promote apoA-I structural changes and amyloid fibril formation. ApoA-I was exposed to exhaustive chemical (H2O2) oxidation or physiological levels of enzymatic (MPO) oxidation and incubated at 37 °C and pH 6.0 to induce fibril formation. Both chemically and enzymatically oxidized apoA-I produced fibrillar amyloids after a few hours of incubation. The amyloid fibrils were composed of full-length apoA-I with differential oxidation of the three methionines. Met to Leu apoA-I variants were used to establish the predominant role of oxidation of Met-86 and Met-148 in the fibril formation process. Importantly, a small amount of preformed apoA-I fibrils was able to seed amyloid formation in oxidized apoA-I at pH 7.0. In contrast to hereditary amyloidosis, wherein specific mutations of apoA-I cause protein destabilization and amyloid deposition, oxidative conditions similar to those promoted by local inflammation in atherosclerosis are sufficient to transform full-length wild-type apoA-I into an amyloidogenic protein. Thus, MPO-mediated oxidation may be implicated in the mechanism that leads to amyloid deposition in the atherosclerotic plaques in vivo.
A cell-based approach to performance optimization of fanout-free circuits (1992)

The following optimization problem is considered. Assume that each gate of a given circuit can be realized by one of several implementations which have different physical properties. Given this assumption, realizations of the circuit with optimal area delay tradeoff are sought. The formal model used is a discrete version of the transistor sizing problem on one hand and a special case of the library mapping problem on the other hand. It is independent of technology and applicable to even very restrictive design styles, as, for example, gate arrays or sea of gates. Since sizing of general combinational circuits is NP-complete, it is proposed to use heuristics on the base of optimal solutions for subcircuits. With this in mind, an efficient dynamic programming algorithm for minimizing the delay of a fanout-free circuit (tree) under an area constraint is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Approach for the Determination of Fluorine in Glass (2007)

The properties of glass critically depend on glass composition. Apart from silica, calcium and aluminium; fluorine is also an essential constituent of the glass, since it enhances several properties of glass. In view of the increasing use of fluorine in glasses, it is necessary to have a rapid, accurate and cost effective method for the determination of fluorine in glass. Keeping the above facts a simple and rapid method has been developed for the quantitative estimation of fluorine in glass materials. The method proposed is based on extraction of fluorine from the glass sample by decomposing the glass sample with fusion mixture of sodium carbonate and zinc oxide. The fluorine is extracted with distilled water and is determined by using lanthanum chloride as titrant. The accuracy of the method has been established by analyzing five replicates of Standard Reference Material of NBS 91 and four different glass samples. The standard deviation has been calculated by analyzing five replicates of each glass sample and reference material by the method proposed. The method proposed is reproducible and the standard deviation in the determination of five replicates is found to
Toxicological Studies of Gambogic Acid and its Potential Targets in Experimental Animals (2006)

Acute and chronic toxicity of gambogic acid, a promising novel anticancer agent, was determined using albino mice and Beagle dogs as model animals. Histopathological examination and viscera parameter investigation were also carried out after autopsy. The LD50 of gambogic acid was found to be 45 approximately 96 mg/kg and the 95% confidence limit was determined to be 43.18 approximately 48.45 mg/kg. The results from the chronic toxicity studies demonstrated that the toxicity targets in the experimental animals were liver and kidney. The innocuous dose was established to be 4 mg/kg after administration to dogs for a total of 13 weeks at a frequency of one injection every other day. This dose (4 mg/kg) was approximately 9.6 (body weight) or 5.1 (body surface area) times the dosage (25 mg/60 kg, every other day) recommended for human trials. Our results provide the theoretical foundation for clinical applications of this promising natural anticancer agent and will likely bring about considerable economic and social benefits.
Spatial orientation and distribution of reservoir fractures from scattered seismic energy (2006)

Abstract We present the details of a new method for determining the reflection and scattering characteristics of seismic energy from subsurface fractured formations. The method is based upon observations we have made from 3D finite-difference modeling of the reflected and scattered seismic energy over discrete systems of vertical fractures. Regularly spaced, discrete vertical fracture corridors impart a coda signature, which is a ringing tail of scattered energy, to any seismic waves which are transmitted through or reflected off of them. This signature varies in amplitude and coherence as a function of several parameters including: (1) the difference in angle between the orientation of the fractures and the acquisition direction, (2) the fracture spacing, (3) the wavelength of the illuminating seismic energy, and (4) the compliance, or stiffness, of the fractures. This coda energy is most coherent when the acquisition direction is parallel to the strike ofthe fractures. It has the largest amplitude when the seismic wavelengths are tuned to the fracture spacing, and when the fractures have low stiffness. Our method uses surface seismic reflection traces to derive a transfer function that quantifies the change in an apparent source wavelet before and after propagating through a fractured interval. The transfer function for an interval with no or low amounts of scattering will be more spikelike and temporally compact. The transfer function for an interval with high scattering will ring and be less temporally compact. When a 3D survey is acquired with a full range of azimuths, the variation in the derived transfer functions allows us to identify subsurface areas with high fracturing and to determine the strike of those fractures. We calibrated the method with model data and then applied it to the Emilio field with a fractured reservoir. The method yielded results which agree with known field measurements and previously published fracture orientations derived from PS anisotropy.
Particle Simulation of Plasma in Electric Propulsion Thrusters. (1997)

A particle simulation method has been used to investigate low-density plasma with a magnetic field in electric propulsion thrusters. This method enables us to simulate plasma phenomenon caused by charge separation in the magnetic cusp. Thus, the particle model is effective to calculate ion loss to the chamber wall in cusped ion thrusters since the loss concentrates in the vicinity of magnets where the magnetic cusp is formed. In addition, calculation results show that a kind of electrostatic plasma fluctuation occurs in the acceleration channel of a Hall thruster. This fluctuation allows electrons to flow more easily to the anode across the magnetic field lines. Obtained distributions of plasma properties qualitatively agree with experimental distributions measured with Langmuir probes. As a result, it is suggested that the particle model is useful to understand plasma acceleration processes in Hall thrusters.
A common data management infrastructure for adaptive algorithms for PDE solutions (1997)

This paper presents the design, development and application of a computational infrastructure to support the implementation of parallel adaptive algorithms for the solution of sets of partial differential equations. The infrastructure is separated into multiple layers of abstraction. This paper is primarily concerned with the two lowest layersof this infrastructure: a layer which defines and implements dynamic distributed arrays (DDA), and a layer in which several dynamic data and programming abstractions are implemented in terms of the DDAs. The currently implemented abstractions are those needed for formulation of hierarchical adaptive finite difference methods, hp-adaptive finite element methods, and fast multipole method for solution of linear systems. Implementation of sample applications based on each of these methods are described and implementation issues and performance measurements are presented.
Character of anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. (1971)

Anti-DNA antibodies in twenty-one systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) sera were analysed by precipitation in gel, complement fixation, and the Farr globulin precipitation technique. Fifteen sera precipitated in agarose with both native and denatured DNA (Group 1) and six precipitated solely with denatured DNA (Group 2). Prior incubation of the sera with RNA or DNA digest abolished the precipitin reactions of all Group 2 sera, but had no appreciable effect on the precipitin patterns of the Group 1 sera. Molecular class of anti-DNA antibodies did not correlate with precipitation pattern. The ability of sucrose density gradient fractions of serum to fix complement with denatured DNA at 4°C did not correspond with the presence of precipitating antibodies against denatured DNA. The Farr globulin binding assay probably allowed detection of all anti-DNA antibodies, and each of the sera bound most of the [(14)C]DNA. No binding was observed when (14)C-labelled nucleotides were substituted for the [(14)C]DNA. Both native and denatured unlabelled DNA were able to significantly inhibit binding by all sera tested (Groups 1 and 2), while RNA and DNA digest gave minimal inhibition. Three types of antigenic sites on the DNA molecule are postulated. It is suggested that all anti-DNA sera, regardless of their behaviour in precipitin or complement fixation tests, contain antibodies reactive with all three determinants on the DNA molecule.
PRIMARY ADHESION OF <i>ENTEROMORPHA</i> (CHLOROPHYTA, ULVALES) PROPAGULES: QUANTITATIVE SETTLEMENT STUDIES AND VIDEO MICROSCOPY<sup>1</sup> (1997)

ABSTRACT Quantitative methods and associated kinetic analyses have been used for the first time to study detailed aspects of the settlement and adhesion of various types of Enteromorpha popagule. Time course experiments showed that quadri and biflagellate zoospores and zygotes adhered rapidly, but a proportion within any one population appeared to be incompetent at adhering to the substratum. Kinetic (Scatchard) analysis of adhesion experiments performed at a range of zoospore concentrations revealed density‐dependent effects not previously reported, with positive cooperativity at low spore densities and negative cooperativity at high spore densities. High‐resolution video microscopy was used for the first time to reveal details of the various stages in the settlement and adhesion of zoospores and zygotes. Novel observations were made of an initial, temporary phase of attachment via the apical papilla, followed by a permanent phase of commitment, characterized by discharge of adhesive‐containing cytoplasmic vesicles, as the cell contracted against the surface, and adsorption of flagella. The phase of commitment was followed by exploitation of the surface through amoeboid‐like movements at the interface. Gregarious settlement behavior was frequently observed leading to the formation of rafts of cells. The possible mechanisms and significance of density‐dependent spore adhesion are discussed.
A Petri net based deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (1995)

In this paper we illustrate a compositional method for modeling the concurrent execution of working processes in flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) through a special class of Petri nets that we call S/sup 3/PR. In essence, this class is built from state machines sharing a set of places modeling the availability of system resources. The analysis of S/sup 3/PR leads us to characterize deadlock situations in terms of a zero marking for some structural objects called siphons. In order to prevent the system from deadlocks, we propose a policy for resource allocation based on the addition of new places to the net imposing restrictions that prevent the presence of unmarked siphons (direct cause of deadlocks). Finally we present the application of this technique to a realistic FMS case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Research on Real Time Traffic Information Data Model and Its Data Transmit (2009)

Real-time of geographic information system for transportation (GIS-T) is one of the essential conditions to alleviate the traffic jam and guide the traffic flow rationally. In order to make it convenient for sharing and maintaining data, this paper structures the independent real-time traffic information database, seamless merging real-time traffic information and GIS data through data fusion method. In order to realize this purpose, the paper research on baseline network data model, baseline network is composed of base points and baselines. Base points are exclusive locating on the road network, which can be determined in field, and also can be resumed. Baseline is line element, which replaces traffic event, the baseline locate road network by the point, and therefore, it is easy to realize data share for various linear reference system. According to the data model, designing structure and introducing data transmit flow of the Geographic Information System for Transportation. Key words: Data Model; Data Fusion; GIS; Traffic Information This paper is supported by the Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Southeast University, and professor DE-JUN WAN and professor QING WANG