gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
StarPU: a Runtime System for Scheduling Tasks over Accelerator-Based Multicore Machines (2010)

Multicore machines equipped with accelerators are becoming increasingly popular. The TOP500-leading RoadRunner machine is probably the most famous example of a parallel computer mixing IBM Cell Broadband Engines and AMD opteron processors. Other architectures, featuring GPU accelerators, are expected to appear in the near future. To fully tap into the potential of these hybrid machines, pure offloading approaches, in which the main core of the application runs on regular processors and offloads specific parts on accelerators, are not sufficient. The real challenge is to build systems where the application would permanently spread across the entire machine, that is, where parallel tasks would be dynamically scheduled over the full set of available processing units. To face this challenge, we propose a new runtime system capable of scheduling tasks over heterogeneous, accelerator-based machines. Our system features a software virtual shared memory that provides a weak consistency model. The system keeps track of data copies within accelerator embedded-memories and features a data-prefetching engine. Such facilities, together with a database of self-tuned per-task performance models, can be used to greatly improve the quality of scheduling policies in this context. We demonstrate the relevance of our approach by benchmarking various parallel numerical kernel implementations over our runtime system. We obtain significant speedups and a very high efficiency on various typical workloads over multicore machines equipped with multiple accelerators.
Dynamic access point approach (DAPA) for IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs (2003)

The IEEE 802.11 standard provides several channels within a wireless local area network (WLAN). In the infrastructure scenario, the access point (AP) is the particular device for connecting mobile stations (STA) and wired stations. Each access point occupies one channel in WLAN. Traditionally, a STA may not play the same role as an AP does. However, it is possible for STA to equip both the wireless interface and wired interface at the same time. By software support, the AP in WLAN can be elected dynamically to obtain the best transmission status for all STA. Based on this concept, we propose a dynamic access point approach (DAPA) to enhance the network throughput. The efficiency of the proposed DAPA is evaluated by simulations. Simulation results showed that the performance of a WLAN with DAPA is better than the traditional approach.
Integral equation method using total scalar potential for the simulation of linear or nonlinear 3D magnetostatic field with open boundary (1994)

A method of simulating both linear and nonlinear 3D magnetostatic field with open boundary is described. It is based on the integration with total scalar potential on the surface (linear problems) or in the volume (nonlinear problems) of magnetic materials. For nonlinear problems, this procedure can avoid the cancellation errors and is convenient because of the use of total scalar potential and the volume integration only. It was tested by a given example and was applied to a deflection field calculation of multipole yoke.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Tumor Necrosis Factor Antagonist Infliximab for Treatment-Resistant Depression (2012)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00463580.
A PML-based nonreflective boundary for free surface fluid animation (2010)

This article presents a novel nonreflective boundary condition for the free surface incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations. Boundaries of this type are very useful when, for example, simulating water flow around a ship moving over a wide ocean. Normally waves generated by the ship will reflect off of the boundaries of the simulation domain and as these reflected waves return towards the ship they will cause undesired interference patterns. By employing a Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) approach we have derived a boundary condition that absorbs incoming waves and thus efficiently prevents these undesired wave reflections. To solve the resulting boundary equations we present a fast and stable algorithm based on the stable fluids approach. Through numerical experiments we then show that our boundaries are significantly more effective than simpler reflection preventing techniques. We also provide a thorough analysis of the parameters involved in our boundary formulation and show how they effect wave absorption efficiency.
The role of first impression in operant learning. (2012)

We quantified the effect of first experience on behavior in operant learning and studied its underlying computational principles. To that goal, we analyzed more than 200,000 choices in a repeated-choice experiment. We found that the outcome of the first experience has a substantial and lasting effect on participants' subsequent behavior, which we term outcome primacy. We found that this outcome primacy can account for much of the underweighting of rare events, where participants apparently underestimate small probabilities. We modeled behavior in this task using a standard, model-free reinforcement learning algorithm. In this model, the values of the different actions are learned over time and are used to determine the next action according to a predefined action-selection rule. We used a novel nonparametric method to characterize this action-selection rule and showed that the substantial effect of first experience on behavior is consistent with the reinforcement learning model if we assume that the outcome of first experience resets the values of the experienced actions, but not if we assume arbitrary initial conditions. Moreover, the predictive power of our resetting model outperforms previously published models regarding the aggregate choice behavior. These findings suggest that first experience has a disproportionately large effect on subsequent actions, similar to primacy effects in other fields of cognitive psychology. The mechanism of resetting of the initial conditions that underlies outcome primacy may thus also account for other forms of primacy.
Comparison between <i>in vitro</i> qualities of platelets washed with commercially available additive solutions and those washed with M‐sol (2010)

At a low plasma concentration (5% or less), the M-sol showed a higher ability to preserve PLTs than the five ASs studied here. Although PAS-D and PAS-E are available as an AS for short-term storage of washed PLTs, M-sol is thought to be preferable for longer storage.
Gridless pin access in detailed routing (2011)

In the physical design of VLSI circuits, routing is one of the most important tasks. Usually done towards the end of the design process, especially the detailed routing phase has to obey virtually all design rules. As the feature size become ever smaller, shifts towards gridless design paradigms are necessary and a formerly trivial task, namely pin access, now becomes difficult.
Bismuth Telluride Nano-Coolers for Magnetic Sensors (2008)

A novel conceptual mechanism for cooling Giant magneto resistance (GMR) nanostructures using bismuth telluride (BixTey) thermoelectric caps is reported for first time. BixTey thin films and nanowires were electrodeposited from an aqueous electrolyte solution using a constant potential method. GMR layered structures were electrodeposited form a Co-rich electrolyte using a pulsed potential technique. Optimal deposition potentials were identified from polarization analysis. Thin film morphology was found to be strongly dependent on deposition potentials. With increased deposition potentials crystalline to polycrystalline transition and decreased Te concentration were observed from XRD and EDS analysis, respectively. A maximum Seebeck coefficient of -200μV/K was obtained at 345K for a thin film sample deposited at -150mV.
WWW-based presentations as a complementary part of conventional lectures in the basic of informatics (1998)

Hypertext and the WWW appear to affect learning positively. Both techniques enable the constructivistic learning environment to support a student's knowledge construction and a more active role of a student. However, the problems associated with them may endanger the positive effect on learning. Thus, the role of hypertext and the WWW must be discussed.Because of the common problems of "information overload" and "lost-in hyperspace", we suggest guided tours in the form of a slide show presentation as a solution to organise a hypermedia presentation on the WWW for the basics in informatics. These slides include links to the supporting web sites. In addition to guided tours, we also suggest that the use of search engines and directories must be promoted. This paper describes the use of the WWW-based guided tours as a complementary part of conventional lectures in the learning of the basics in informatics. We give reasons for our approach based on both discussion about the role of the WWW in learning and the results of our pre-questionnaire.
A more efficient biofeedback procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism (1982)

The study describes a noval approach in the use of a conditioning procedure for the treatment of nocturnal bruxism. The effectiveness of the procedure is demonstrated through its application with two nocturnal bruxists in controlled study designs. Subject 1 received several variations of this procedure and the result indicated that using a loud tone which she manually reset after awakening was the most effective approach to this treatment. The second study was designed to compare the effectiveness of relaxation training to the conditioning technique. Subject 2 failed to show any decrease in her bruxing behavior when taught relaxation. However, she showed immediate decreases in both frequency and duration of bruxing responses when treated with the biofeedback procedure. The need for future research in this area is discussed with emphasis on the development of low cost, home treatment units.
Untersuchungen an 1,3‐Thiazinen, VIII. Konkurrierende Bildung von Tetrahydro‐1,3‐thiazin‐2‐thionen und 2‐Imino‐1,3‐dithianen (1977)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung der Dithiocarbamate 1 mit 1,3‐Dibrompropan in Gegenwart einer Base wurden die Verbindungen 3 und 4 erhalten und durch spektroskopische und chemische Methoden charakterisiert. Einige Verbindungen sind wirksam gegen Candida albicans.
323. Adenoviral Compartmentalized Liver Transduction Improves Safety and Yields Longerm Transgene Expression (2015)

Still unresolved complications associated with adenoviral mediated hepatic-based gene therapy are a strong immunological response with damage to the organ and short-term gene expression. Our group hypothesized that the two components at the core of these drawbacks are: 1) the astronomically high quantities of vector infused and 2) the viremia associated with the conventional routes of vector administration. To stringently manipulate these two variables and assess their effect on adenoviral mediated liver transduction our group implemented compartmentalized liver transduction. Compartmentalized liver transduction is based on known adenoviral spatio-temporal kinetics and is achieved by the direct intra-parenchymal injection of adenovirus into a blood-flow isolated portion of the liver; blood flow is reestablished after viral endocytosis has been completed. Implementing compartmentalized liver transduction in a rat model, gene expression and transgene presence was confined to the site of injection, no inflammation nor liver damage was observed, reporter protein expression with low quantities of vector (10^2) as well as linear dose response curves were documented and prolonged transgene expression was achieved. Our results conclude that compartmentalized liver transduction is a safe and effective mode of vector delivery with a promising future in the field of gene therapy.
Viral structural transitions: An all-atom multiscale theory (2006)

An all-atom theory of viral structural transitions (STs) is developed based on a multiscale analysis of the N-atom Liouville equation. The approach yields an understanding of viral STs from first principles and a calibrated interatomic force field. To carry out the multiscale analysis, we introduce slow variables characterizing the whole-virus dynamics. Use of the "nanocanonical ensemble" technique and the fundamental hypothesis of statistical mechanics (i.e., the equivalence of long-time and ensemble averages) is shown to imply a Fokker-Planck equation yielding the coarse-grained evolution of the slow variables. As viral STs occur on long time scales, transition state theory is used to estimate the energy barrier of transition between free energy wells implied by observed hysteresis in viral STs. Its application to Nudaurelia capensis omega virus provides an upper bound on the free energy barrier when a single dilatational order parameter is used. The long time scale of viral STs is shown to follow from the aggregate effect of inertia, energy barrier, and entropic effects. Our formulation can be generalized for multiple order parameter models to account for lower free energy barrier pathways for transition. The theory with its all-atom description can be applied to nonviral nanoparticles as well.
An investigation of patterns in hemodynamic data indicative of impending hypotension in intensive care (2010)

Abstract Background In the intensive care unit (ICU), clinical staff must stay vigilant to promptly detect and treat hypotensive episodes (HEs). Given the stressful context of busy ICUs, an automated hypotensive risk stratifier can help ICU clinicians focus care and resources by prospectively identifying patients at increased risk of impending HEs. The objective of this study was to investigate the possible existence of discriminatory patterns in hemodynamic data that can be indicative of future hypotensive risk. Methods Given the complexity and heterogeneity of ICU data, a machine learning approach was used in this study. Time series of minute-by-minute measures of mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, pulse pressure, and relative cardiac output from 1,311 records from the MIMIC II Database were used. An HE was defined as a 30-minute period during which the mean arterial pressure was below 60 mmHg for at least 90% of the time. Features extracted from the hemodynamic data during an observation period of either 30 or 60 minutes were analyzed to predict the occurrence of HEs 1 or 2 hours into the future. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were trained for binary classification (normotensive vs. hypotensive) and regression (estimation of future mean blood pressure). Results The ANNs were successfully trained to discriminate patterns in the multidimensional hemodynamic data that were predictive of future HEs. The best overall binary classification performance resulted in a mean area under ROC curve of 0.918, a sensitivity of 0.826, and a specificity of 0.859. Predicting further into the future resulted in poorer performance, whereas observation duration minimally affected performance. The low prevalence of HEs led to poor positive predictive values. In regression, the best mean absolute error was 9.67%. Conclusions The promising pattern recognition performance demonstrates the existence of discriminatory patterns in hemodynamic data that can indicate impending hypotension. The poor PPVs discourage a direct HE predictor, but a hypotensive risk stratifier based on the pattern recognition algorithms of this study would be of significant clinical value in busy ICU environments.
Near-field HF antenna pattern measurement with absolute gain calibration (2016)

A measurement method developed to extract the 3D antenna gain patterns of HF antennas is presented. The method employs a full hemispheric field probe measurement of an HF antenna on an outdoor antenna pattern range. A calibration method involving both simulation and measurement is used to transform antenna probe measurements into electric field quantities. The subsequent near-field electric field is extrapolated into the far-field using an established near-to-far-field transformation method.
Inhibition of cAMP-response Element-binding Protein Activity Decreases Protein Kinase B/Akt Expression in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes and Induces Apoptosis (2002)

White adipose tissue mass is governed by competing processes that control lipid synthesis and storage, the development of new adipocytes, and their survival. We have shown that the transcription factor cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB) participates in adipogenesis, with constitutively active forms of CREB inducing adipocyte differentiation and dominant negative forms of CREB blocking this process. In other cell types, CREB and related factors have been shown to play important roles in survival and apoptosis. Here we demonstrate that reduction of CREB activity by ectopic expression of the dominant negative CREB, KCREB, induces apoptosis of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes in culture. Death by apoptosis was confirmed by increased nuclear condensation, changes in membrane morphology, and increased DNA fragmentation. Gene microarray analysis indicated that KCREB expression increased expression of several pro-apoptotic genes like Interleukin Converting Enzyme and decreased the expression of the anti-apoptotic signaling molecule, Akt/protein kinase B. Finally, introduction of constitutively active CREB, CREB-DIEDML, blocked death of mature adipocytes treated with TNF-alpha. The data indicate that CREB plays a central role in adipocyte survival, perhaps by regulating the expression of certain pro- and anti-apoptotic genes. These results not only extend the role of CREB in adipocyte biology but also highlight the general developmental and survival role of this factor in numerous cell and tissue types.
Single-Poly-EEPROM Cell in Standard CMOS Process for Medium-Density Applications (2015)

A new single-poly-EEPROM cell compatible with standard CMOS processes is proposed. A pMOS tunneling device is used for programming and erasing, and an nMOS transistor is used for reading and selecting the memory cell when it is in an array. The pMOS device is a minimum-sized digital transistor with the gate oxide of the input/output transistors. This improves the coupling capacitance, minimizes the area consumption, and guarantees the retention. The memory cell is programmed by band-to-band hot electrons and erased by Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Thanks to the proposed writing scheme, the memory cell requires only a single triple-well. This further reduces the area consumption, and ensures, at the same time, fast and reliable memory operations. The measurements on programming, erasing, reading, cycling endurance, and data retention are provided using a 0.18-μm standard CMOS process. The memory cell area is 5.91 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in an array, and it can be programmed in t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</sub> = 1 ms, erased in t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</sub> = 10 ms, and cycled for >10k times with a voltage window greater than 2 V.
Natural and Accelerated Recovery from Brain Damage: Experimental and Theoretical Approaches (2012)

The goal of the Caltech group is to gain insight into the processes that occur within the primate nervous system during dexterous reaching and grasping and to see whether natural recovery from local brain damage can be accelerated by artificial means. We will create computational models of the nervous system embodying this insight and explain a variety of clinically observed neurological deficits in human subjects using these models.
Analog Axon Hillock Neuron Design for Memristive Neuromorphic Systems (2017)

Neuromorphic electronics studies the physical realization of neural networks in discrete circuit components. Hardware implementations of neural networks take advantage of highly parallelized computing power with low energy systems. The hardware designed for these systems functions as a low power, low area alternative to computer simulations. With on-line learning in the system, hardware implementations of neural networks can further improve their solution to a given task.In this work, the analog computational system presented is the computational core for running a spiking neural network model. This component of a neural network, the neuron, is one of the building blocks used to create neural networks. The neuron takes inputs from the connected synapses, which each store a weight value. The inputs are stored in the neuron and checked against a threshold. The neuron activates, causing a firing event, when the neuron’s internal storage crosses its threshold. The neuron designed is an Axon-Hillock neuron utilizing memristive synapses for low area and energy operation.
TaqMan Probe-Based Real-Time PCR Assay for Detection and Discrimination of Class I, II, and III <i>tfdA</i> Genes in Soils Treated with Phenoxy Acid Herbicides (2009)

Separate quantification of three classes of tfdA genes was performed using TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR for 13 different soils subsequent to mineralization of three phenoxy acids. Class III tfdA genes were found to be involved in mineralization more often than class I and II tfdA genes.
The complexity of comparing reaction systems (2002)

We show that comparing the stoichiometric structure of two reactions systems is equivalent to the graph isomorphism problem. This is encouraging because graph isomorphism is, in practice, a tractable problem using heuristics. The analogous problem of searching for a subsystem of a reaction system is NP-complete. We also discuss heuristic issues in implementations for practical comparison of stoichiometric matrices.
Secure Multiparty Computation and Trusted Hardware: Examining Adoption Challenges and Opportunities (2019)

When two or more parties need to compute a common result while safeguarding their sensitive inputs, they use secure multiparty computation (SMC) techniques such as garbled circuits. The traditional enabler of SMC is cryptography, but the significant number of cryptographic operations required results in these techniques being impractical for most real-time, online computations. Trusted execution environments (TEEs) provide hardware-enforced isolation of code and data in use, making them promising candidates for making SMC more tractable. This paper revisits the history of improvements to SMC over the years and considers the possibility of coupling trusted hardware with SMC. This paper also addresses three open challenges: (1) defeating malicious adversaries, (2) mobile-friendly TEE-supported SMC, and (3) a more general coupling of trusted hardware and privacy-preserving computation.
Horizontal Transmissible Protection against Myxomatosis and Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease by Using a Recombinant Myxoma Virus (2000)

We have developed a new strategy for immunization of wild rabbit populations against myxomatosis and rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) that uses recombinant viruses based on a naturally attenuated field strain of myxoma virus (MV). The recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV major capsid protein (VP60) including a linear epitope tag from the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) nucleoprotein. Following inoculation, the recombinant viruses induced specific antibody responses against MV, RHDV, and the TGEV tag. Immunization of wild rabbits by the subcutaneous and oral routes conferred protection against virulent RHDV and MV challenges. The recombinant viruses showed a limited horizontal transmission capacity, either by direct contact or in a flea-mediated process, promoting immunization of contact uninoculated animals.