gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LR11, a Mosaic LDL Receptor Family Member, Mediates the Uptake of ApoE-Rich Lipoproteins In Vitro (2001)

Since the molecular identification of the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), an ever increasing number of related proteins have been discovered. These receptors belonging to the LDLR family are thought to play key roles in lipoprotein metabolism in a variety of tissues, including the arterial wall. We have discovered that the expression of a 250-kDa mosaic LDLR-related protein, which we termed LR11 for the presence of 11 LDLR ligand-binding repeats, is markedly induced in smooth muscle cells in the hyperplastic intima of animal models used for the study of atherosclerosis. Here, we demonstrate that the human LR11, when overexpressed in hamster cells, binds and internalizes 39-kDa receptor-associated protein (RAP), an in vitro ligand for all receptors belonging to the LDLR family. Furthermore, LR11 binds the apolipoprotein E (apoE)-rich lipoproteins, beta-very low density lipoproteins (VLDLs), with a high affinity similar to that of other members, such as the LDLR and VLDL receptor. RAP and beta-VLDL compete with each other; however, other serum lipoproteins are not able to inhibit their binding. LR11 shows specific binding of apoE-enriched HDL prepared from human cerebrospinal fluid as well as of beta-VLDL, suggesting that the apoE content of lipoproteins is most likely important for mediating the high-affinity binding to the receptor. LR11-overexpressing cells are able to internalize and degrade the bound beta-VLDL; these cells also show increased accumulation of cholesteryl esters when incubated with beta-VLDL. Incubation for 48 hours with beta-VLDL of LR11-overexpressing cells, but not of control cells, promotes the appearance of numerous intracellular lipid droplets. Taken together, LR11, a mosaic LDLR family member whose expression in smooth muscle cells is markedly induced in atheroma, has all the properties of a receptor for the endocytosis of lipoproteins, particularly for the incorporation of apoE-rich lipoproteins.
Advanced injection and mixing techniques for scramjet combustors (1994)

Scramjet combustor fuel injection and mixing enhancement techniques are reviewed. The injection techniques include hole injection from the combustor wall, slot injection parallel to the flow, and injection from struts and the rear of ramps. Three new advanced mixing techniques are presented. The first is a combustor, curved so that buoyancy forces will aid in the penetration of the fuel across the combustor. The second is pulsation of the fuel injectors to increase penetration and mixing. A fluidic technique, a modified Hartmann-Sprenger tube, is identified as a strong candidate to generate the pulsations. The third is the injection behind pylons to allow deep penetration into the air stream. This technique is likely to produce high base pressures on the injector structure, particularly if base burning is encouraged. Curved or slanted pylons can be used to increase the recovery of fuel jet momentum. The potential of the new mixing techniques to increase scramjet engine performance is assessed.
<p>SERS-based detection of haptoglobin in ovarian cyst fluid as a point-of-care diagnostic assay for epithelial ovarian cancer</p> (2019)

Purpose: To evaluate haptoglobin (Hp) in ovarian cyst fluid as a diagnostic biomarker for epithelial ovarian cancers (EOCs) using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based in vitro diagnostic assay for use in an intraoperative setting. Methods: SERS-based method was used to detect and quantify Hp in archived ovarian cyst fluids collected from suspicious ovarian cysts and differentiate benign tumors from EOCs. The diagnostic performance of SERS-based assay was verified against the histopathology conclusions and compared with the results of CA125 test and frozen sections. Results: Hp concentration present in the clinical cyst fluid measured by SERS was normalized to 3.3 mg/mL of standard Hp. Normalized mean values for patients with benign cysts were 0.65 (n=57) and malignant cysts were 1.85 (n=54), demonstrating a significantly ( P <0.01) higher Hp in malignant samples. Verified against histology, Hp measurements using SERS had a sensitivity of 94% and specificity of 91%. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of SERS-based Hp measurements resulted in area under the curve of 0.966±0.03, establishing the robustness of the method. CA125 test on the same set of patients had a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 90%, while frozen section analysis on 65 samples had 100% sensitivity and specificity. Conclusion: With a total execution time of <10 minutes and consistent performance across different stages of cancer, the SERS-based Hp detection assay can serve as a promising intraoperative EOC diagnostic test. Keywords: surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, haptoglobin, epithelial ovarian cancer, ovarian cyst fluid, point-of-care diagnostics
In vivo neutralization of anti‐A and successful transfusion of A antigen–incompatible red blood cells in an animal model (2011)

FSL constructs have the potential to neutralize circulating antibodies and allow for, or mitigate, the consequences of ABO-incompatible red blood cell transfusion.
Development of high performance intrinsically safe 3-DOF robot (2014)

In our previous work we have introduced the Distributed Active/Semi-Active actuation concept. This paper presents the design of a novel three Degrees-of-Freedom (DOF) robot manipulator based on the DASA actuation approach. The robot is developed as a proof-of-concept prototype intended to demonstrate the capacity of the DASA approach to achieve a high degree of interaction safety as well as performance. Magneto-Rheological (MR) clutches form the basis of the Semi-active actuation component, while a unidirectional motor provides the active drive for the robot. An antagonistic clutch configuration is implemented at the joints to achieve bi-directional actuation without reversal of the motor. MR clutches have been shown to exhibit excellent torque-to-inertia and torque-to-mass ratios making them likely candidates for the development of human-safe actuators. In this paper, the safety characteristics of the DASA approach are qualitatively discussed. Experimental results highlighting the performance capability of the developed robot are given.
<title>Local discriminant bases</title> (1994)

We describe an extension to the `best-basis' method to construct an orthonormal basis which maximizes a class separability for signal classification problems. This algorithm reduces the dimensionality of these problems by using basis functions which are well localized in time- frequency plane as feature extractors. We tested our method using two synthetic datasets: extracted features (expansion coefficients of input signals in these basis functions), supplied them to the conventional pattern classifiers, then computed the misclassification rates. These examples show the superiority of our method over the direct application of these classifiers on the input signals. As a further application, we also describe a method to extract signal component from data consisting of signal and textured background.
Improved Permeability Estimates in Carbonate Reservoirs Using Electrofacies Characterization: A Case Study of the North Robertson Unit, West Texas (2003)

Summary We propose a simple, cost-effective approach to obtaining permeability estimates in heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs using commonly available well logs. Our approach follows a two-step procedure. First, we classify the well-log data into electrofacies types. This classification does not require any artificial subdivision of the data population but follows naturally based on the unique characteristics of well-log measurements, reflecting minerals and lithofacies within the logged interval. A combination of principal component analysis (PCA), model-based cluster analysis (MCA), and discriminant analysis is used to identify and characterize electrofacies types. Second, we apply nonparametric regression techniques to predict permeability using well logs within each electrofacies. Our proposed method has been successfully applied to the North Robertson Unit (NRU) in Gaines county, west Texas. Previous attempts to derive permeability correlations at the NRU have included rock-type identification using thin-section and pore-geometry analysis that can sometimes be expensive and timeconsuming. The proposed approach resulted in improved permeability estimates, leading to an enhanced reservoir characterization, and can potentially benefit both daily operations and reservoir simulation efforts. The successful field application demonstrates that the electrofacies classification used in conjunction with sound geologic interpretation can significantly improve reservoir descriptions in complex carbonate reservoirs.
Analysis and measurement of hard horn feeds for the excitation of quasi-optical amplifiers (2002)

Measurement and analysis of hard horn feeds for excitation of quasi-optical amplifiers has been performed. A computer program based on the mode matching technique has been developed in order to determine the aperture field distribution for pyramidal hard horns. This program can be used to optimize a hard horn's field distribution and bandwidth. Simulation and measurement results for a 31 GHz hard horn feed are presented.
Effects of an early- and late-stage treatment with Geniposide on cognitive dysfunction in a transgenic mouse model relevant to Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Method The present report primarily studied the effects of geniposide on cognitive dysfunction in a double-transgenic AD mouse model (APP/PS1) on early and late stages. Male APP/PS1 mice aged 6 month and 12 month were given water, geniposide (25mg.kg) once a day by oral gavage, and age-matched C57BL/6 mice were treated with water and geniposide (25mg.kg). Aricept (0.75mg.kg) was used in the positive control group. Morris water maze performance was assessed after 3 months of treatment.
Esters of α-Aminoisobutyric Acid (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEsters of α-Aminoisobutyric AcidRalph A. JacobsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 12, 2628–2630Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01216a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01216a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Calibration of 1064 nm channel of LITE using playa surface returns (2002)

The Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE), the first NASA spaceborne atmospheric lidar yielded data on atmospheric aerosols and surface reflectance. The IR 1064 nm channel did not have a sufficiently strong Rayleigh backscatter to enable calibration off the molecular atmosphere as did the 532 nm and 355 nm channels, so surface returns were considered for calibrating the IR channel. The uses of LITE surface returns have been investigated with related laser altimeter measurements from the Race Track playa in Death Valley, CA examined by these authors in preparation for the LITE mission. The LITE surface returns from Rodgers dry lake are compared with the previous measurements. Two approaches of calibrating the IR channel are considered. First, the reflected signal variance is determined for calibration of the 1064 mn channel surface returns off the playa. This requires that the ratio of the reflectance between the green and IR channels be known from an additional data source. Passive reflectance measurements were made of the playa to establish this ratio with a non-backscatter geometry which adds to the uncertainties of the result. The second approach is to calibrate using the absolute value of the 1064 nm backscatter reflectance. This can be inferred from passive measurements and modeling of the playa angular reflectance characteristics. The effects of errors introduced by the lidar system, correlative optical depth measurements and surface reflectance measurements and modeling are considered to obtain the 1064 nm channel final calibration error margin using both reflectance calibration approaches. The basic lidar relationships are reviewed, and the error dependencies in the lidar equation are discussed as they apply to the LITE surface returns.
A robust sequential parameter estimation for time-varying speech signal analysis (2002)

In the conventional Kalman estimator (CKE), the ability to track the time-varying formants could be improved by using a forgetting factor. However, due to such a forgetting factor, the CKE becomes very sensitive to the impulsive pitch excitations and produces poor parameter estimates. To reduce the effects of the impulsive pitch excitations, the authors propose the robust Kalman estimator (RKE) with a forgetting factor, in which the error signal is assumed to have a normal mixture distribution. From the simulation results on the synthetic speech data, it is found that this proposed robust Kalman estimator could be well utilized as a sequential parameter estimation method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mycotoxigenicity of clinical and environmental Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus isolates. (2005)

Clinical isolates of fifty strains of A. fumigatus and 30 strains of A. flavus from immmunocompromised patients from the hematological unit were analyzed for mycotoxin production and compared with the same number of environmental isolates (from soil, compost, and air). Only 9 (18%) strains of A. fumigatus produced gliotoxin in a mean concentration 2.22 mg mL-1 (range 0.5-5 mg mL-1). Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 7 (23%) isolates (range from 0.02 to 1.2 mg L-1) and aflatoxin G1 in one (3%) of clinical A. flavus isolates (0.12 mg L-1). In the group of environmental isolates, 11 (37%) were positive for aflatoxin B1 production (range from 0.02 to 1.2 mg L-1) and one for aflatoxin G1 (0.02 mg L-1). Bioautoantibiogram ("bioassay in situ") on TLC plates against Bacillus subtilis NCTC 8236 showed that only gliotoxin-producing strains have bactericidal activity of Rf values corresponding to gliotoxin. The secondary-metabolite profiles of clinical and environmental A. fumigatus and A. flavus isolates were homogeneous, except for gliotoxin production, which was detected only in the group of clinical isolates of A. fumigatus (18%).
Hemorrhagic enteritis caused by Clostridium perfringens type C in a foal (1986)

A 4-day-old foal died with bloody diarrhea. Using a mouse neutralization test, Clostridium perfringens type C was isolated from intestinal contents, and alpha and beta toxins were identified. About 4 m of the jejunum had severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis. Microscopically, large, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria were seen on necrotic intestinal villi by use of Brown and Hopp's stains.
Accounting for the Dynamic Oxidative Behavior of Nickel Anodes (2016)

The dynamic behavior of the anodic peak for amorphous nickel oxy/hydroxide (a-NiOx) films in basic media was investigated. Chronocoulometry of films with known nickel concentrations reveals that a total of four electrons per nickel site comprise the signature anodic peak at 1.32 V during the first oxidative scan, and two electrons are passed through the associated cathodic peak on the reverse scan. The anodic and cathodic signals each contain two electrons on the successive scans. Catalytic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was detected within the anodic peak, which is at a lower potential than is widely assumed. In order to rationalize these experimental results, we propose that the four-electron oxidation event is the conversion of the film from nickel(II) hydroxide ([Ni(II)-OH](-)) to a higher valent nickel peroxide species (e.g., Ni(IV)-OO or Ni(III)-OO·). The subsequent reduction of the nickel peroxide species is confined by a chemical step resulting in the accumulation of [Ni(II)-OOH](-), which is then oxidized by two electrons to form Ni(IV)-OO during the subsequent oxidative scan on the time scale of a cyclic voltammetric experiment. Our proposed mechanism and the experimental determination that each nickel site is oxidized by four electrons helps link the myriad of seemingly disparate literature data related to OER catalysis by nickel electrodes. The faster catalysis that occurs at higher oxidative potentials is derived from a minority species and is not elaborated here.
One way ranging time drift compensation for both synchronized and non-synchronized clocks (2010)

Ranging and localization are some of the key applications in a wireless sensor network. Good accuracy can be obtained if the signals captured are of good qualities. In a practical scenario, crystal clock time drift in the devices in a wireless sensor network can greatly influence the ranging and localization accuracy. However, crystal clock time drift can be overcome by having multiple transmissions between the transmitter and receiver. If we do not have the luxury of performing multiple transmitting and replying of messages and we are limited by having only a pair of transmitter and receiver radio, ranging operations with good accuracy might be difficult to carry out. In this paper, we discuss how to perform ranging using One Way Ranging based method between a pair of transmitter and receiver in the presence of crystal clock time drift. We will introduce a compensating factor to overcome the crystal clock time drift so that it can reduce the ranging inaccuracy. In addition, ranging analysis for both synchronized and non-synchronized clocks between the transmitter and receiver in the presence of crystal clock time drift is carried out.
Effect of M(CO)<sub>3</sub> (M = Cr, Mn<sup>+</sup>) on Aromatic C−Cl BDE in (η<sup>6</sup>-ArCl)M(CO)<sub>3</sub> Complexes (2006)

The coordination of Cr(CO)3 to chlorobenzenes significantly reduces the C-Cl bond dissociation energy. Treatment of chloroarene-Cr(CO)3 complexes with SmI2/HMPA at room temperature led to complete dechlorination. Reaction of o-allyloxychlorobenzene-Cr(CO)3 complexes with SmI2 at room temperature resulted in the corresponding dechlorinative cyclization products in good to excellent yields. Competition experiments indicated the following relative reactivities of dehalogenation by SmI2: PhI/PhCl-Cr(CO)3/PhBr/PhCl = 50:1:0.3:<0.001. On the other hand, the coordination of Mn(CO)3(+) to chlorobenzene showed a much smaller activation effect. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the spin delocalization effect of the metal center plays an important role in the C-Cl bond activation.
Neutralizing anti‐interferon‐α antibodies and response to treatment in patients with Ph<sup>+</sup> chronic myeloid leukaemia sequentially treated with recombinant (α2a) and lymphoblastoid interferon‐α (1996)

Neutralizing anti-IFN alpha antibodies (nIFN alpha Abs) occur in a significant proportion of patients with hairy cell leukaemia, hepatitis or solid tumours treated with recombinant IFN alpha (IFN alpha 2a or IFN alpha 2b), but information on their incidence in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is scanty and their clinical relevance is not yet completely defined. By using an IFN alpha antiviral neutralization bioassay, the frequency of nIFN alpha 2a Abs was evaluated in 67Ph+ CML patients during IFN alpha 2a therapy at doses ranging from 6 to 9 MU/d. 15 patients (22%) developed nIFN alpha 2a Abs (titre ranging from 1:40 to 1:20480) and 11/15 (73%) were haematologically and/or karyotypically unresponsive to treatment. 52 patients did not develop antibodies and 11 of them (21%) were unresponsive. The negative relationship between the positivity for nIFN alpha 2a Abs and the response to treatment was highly significant (P = 0.0001). In nine nIFN alpha 2a Abs positive patients, treatment was changed from recombinant IFN alpha 2a to lymphoblastoid IFN alpha (IFN alpha-ly), at the same dose and schedule. After 9 months of IFN alpha-ly treatment a haematological response was achieved in 4/7 cases who were non-responsive to prior IFN alpha 2a therapy and was maintained in the other two patients previously responsive to IFN alpha 2a. However, no karyotypic response was observed. This data shows that a significant proportion of Ph+ CML patients receiving treatment with IFN alpha 2a can develop neutralizing antibodies and that these antibodies are associated with a loss of IFN alpha 2a efficacy. Changing the patients to treatment with lymphoblastoid IFN alpha may restore haematological response but it is not likely to induce a karyotypic response.
Foreign body induced calcaneal osteomyelitis – A rare complication of barefoot walking - (2013)

Trivial injuries due to barefoot walking are common in developing countries. Sometimes, patients do not seek medical attention for such incidents. If left untreated, certain complications may follow. We report a 45 year old male farmer who was walking barefoot all his life. He sustained multiple trivial injuries to his heel leading to subsequent development of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis. Radiographs revealed extensive lysis of the calcaneum. Surgical debridement showed various soil particles measuring around 5mm to be present inside an eroded osseous dome of calcaneum. Extensive surgical debridement and appropriate antibiotics was the key to his recovery.
Developing and evaluating a methodology for business process improvement (2005)

Purpose There appears to be an ever‐insatiable demand from markets for organisations to improve their products and services. To meet this, there is a need to provide business process improvement (BPI) methodologies that are holistic, structured and procedural. Therefore, this paper describes research that has formed and tested a generic and practical methodology termed model‐based and integrated process improvement (MIPI) to support the implementation of BPI; and to validate its effectiveness in organisations. This methodology has been created as an aid for practitioners within organisations. Design/methodology/approach The research objectives were achieved by: reviewing and analysing current methodologies, and selecting a few frameworks against key performance indicators. Using a refined Delphi approach and semi‐structured interview with the “experts” in the field. Intervention, case study and process research approach to evaluating a methodology. Findings The BPI methodology was successfully formed and applied by the researcher and directly by the companies involved against the criteria of feasibility, usability and usefulness. Research limitations/implications The paper has demonstrated a new knowledge on how to systematically assess a BPI methodology in practice. Practical implications Model‐based and integrated process improvement methodology (MIPI) methodology offers the practitioner (experienced and novice) a set of step‐by‐step aids necessary to make informed, consistent and efficient changes to business processes. Originality/value The novelty of this research work is the creation of a holistic workbook‐based methodology with relevant tools and techniques. It extends the capabilities of existing methodologies.