gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-induced Toxicity by a Nuclear Import Inhibitor (2004)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin B and related toxins that target T cells have the capacity to elicit systemic inflammation, tissue injury, and death. Genes that encode mediators of inflammation can be globally inhibited by blocking the nuclear import of stress-responsive transcription factors. Here we show that cell-permeant peptides targeting Rch1/importin alpha/karyopherin alpha 2, a nuclear import adaptor protein, are delivered to T cells where they inhibit the staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced production of inflammatory cytokines ex vivo in cultured primary spleen cells and in vivo. The systemic production of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and interleukin-6 was attenuated in mice either by a cell-permeant cyclized form of SN50 peptide or by a transgene whose product suppresses the nuclear import of transcription factor nuclear factor kappa B in T cells. The extent of liver apoptosis and hemorrhagic necrosis was also reduced, which correlated with significantly decreased mortality rates. These findings highlight nuclear import inhibitors as a potentially useful countermeasure for staphylococcal enterotoxin B and other toxins that trigger harmful systemic inflammatory responses.
Demonstration of 2.5 Gbps Optical Burst Switched WDM Rings Network (2006)

We present a 2.5 Gbps OBS network testbed named Optical Burst Transport (OBT). OBT combines a reliable control channel with a tightly controlled high speed burst mode transmission. The result is verified by burst mode BER test.
Three-Phases Smartphone-Based Warning System to Protect Vulnerable Road Users Under Fuzzy Conditions (2017)

To protect vulnerable road users (VRU) like children and elderly, this paper presents a new warning system on smartphones. This system has three phases. First, we propose a new geometric approach to activate the system for necessary risky situations. Second, we extract some important features for VRUs and drivers based on their smartphones sensors to estimate the collision risk by using a fuzzy inference engine. Finally, we divide the warning alarms into low risk, medium risk, and high risk. To improve system accuracy, we consider the effects of vehicle acceleration, weather condition, time of day, pedestrian age, and driver age in our system and use 4G wireless communications between VRUs and drivers. Experimental results on 608 samples from six important types of accident situations show that our system for in danger VRUs, has 96% accuracy, 63% recall, and 90% precision. The improvements in accuracy, precision, and F-measure are 5%, 70%, and 42% compared with the previous works. Moreover, the activation phase of our system led to 400-ms reduction in run time while the accuracy improves 22%. Besides, on the random samples extracted from the accident simulator software, the accuracy, recall, and precision of the proposed system improve 98%, 75%, and 60%, which are better than the previous similar systems.
C1‐Inhibitor (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Biochemistry Physiology Mechanism of Action Manufacture Characterization Clinical Issues Future Trends Conclusion References
Language support for asynchronous event handling in the invocation call stack (2011)

There are times during the normal execution flow of programs, when an object of a class wishes to be notified about some special event which may take place in a method it calls. Some other times, this event might not happen in the directly called method, but in another one, deeper in the call stack, beyond the knowledge of the caller class. To overcome this, a common solution is to create structures close to the Observer design pattern, which ends up coupling the caller class with the called class and lacks asyn-chronous behavior. In order not to couple the classes, exception handling can be used, as long as the premature termination of the called method is not a concern. The present essay proposes a solution to fill this gap and describes the initial concept of a technique to asynchronously handle events triggered inside any method within the current call stack, without coupling classes.
Block-Based In-Place Replacement Strategy for x86 Sensitive Instructions in Virtual Machine (2009)

It is trendy that virtualization technology is adopted by server and desktop computers recently. Binary translation is an important method to implement full virtualization supporting any guest operating system without modification. Traditional methods use trap or interrupt to catch sensitive instruction's execution. Its performance is influenced by trap's context switch overhead. This article proposes a novel code scanning and replacing strategy, named as Block-based In-Place Replacement. BIPR tries to find a code block whose length is longer than 5 bytes and replaces the block with 5-bytes JMP instruction. The translated code block has same run-time mode as original code. As a result, BIPR's cost is lower than traditional trap methods. Moreover, it gives an optimize strategy, i.e. Super Block-based In-Place Replacement, to reduce unnecessary translation overhead of BIPR and get better performances. Experiment results prove that SBIPR performs pretty.
Robotic Mapping Using Measurement Likelihood Filtering (2009)

The classical occupancy grid formulation requires the use of a priori known measurement likelihoods whose values are typically either assumed or learned from training data. Furthermore, in previous approaches, the likelihoods used to propagate the occupancy map variables are, in fact, independent of the state of interest and are derived from the spatial uncertainty of the detected point. This allows the use of a discrete Bayes filter as a solution to the problem, as discrete occupancy measurement likelihoods are used. In this paper, we first shown that once the measurement space is redefined, theoretically accurate and state-dependant measurement likelihoods can be obtained and used in the propagation of the occupancy random variable. The required measurement likelihoods for occupancy filtering are, in fact, those commonly encountered in both the landmark detection and data association hypotheses decisions. However, the required likelihoods are generally a priori unknown as they are a highly non-linear function of the landmark's signal-to-noise ratio and the surrounding environment. The probabilistic occupancy mapping problem is therefore reformulated as a continuous joint estimation problem where the measurement likelihoods are treated as continuous random states which must be jointly estimated with the map. In particular, this work explicitly considers the sensors detection and false-alarm probabilities in the occupancy mapping formulation. A particle solution is proposed which recursively estimates both the posterior on the map and the measurement likelihoods. The ideas presented in this paper are demonstrated in the field robotics domain using a millimeter wave radar sensor and comparisons with previous approaches, using constant discrete measurement likelihoods, are shown. A manually constructed ground-truth map and satellite imagery are also provided for map validation.
Thin Film Morphology and Tribology Study of Mayonnaise (1997)

ABSTRACT The texture of food is considered related to its rheological behavior when confined within thin films between two shearing or squeezing surfaces. Such thin‐film tribological properties may represent foods undergoing massive grinding and deformation during mastication. The thin‐film tribological properties rather than the bulk rheological properties correlated with the composition (oil droplets, etc.) and texture of mayonnaise samples. Using the Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) technique and optical interferometry using fringes of equal chromatic order, we characterized the thin‐film morphology and measured tribological and other interfacial properties of mayonnaise emulsions. Results revealed new properties that help differentiate between full fat, light and fat free mayonnaises. This provides an important approach to determine properties of such foods in thin films which cannot be deduced from bulk properties.
Structural and Functional Analyses of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Endoribonuclease Nsp15 (2007)

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus encodes several RNA-processing enzymes that are unusual for RNA viruses, including Nsp15 (nonstructural protein 15), a hexameric endoribonuclease that preferentially cleaves 3' of uridines. We solved the structure of a catalytically inactive mutant version of Nsp15, which was crystallized as a hexamer. The structure contains unreported flexibility in the active site of each subunit. Substitutions in the active site residues serine 293 and proline 343 allowed Nsp15 to cleave at cytidylate, whereas mutation of leucine 345 rendered Nsp15 able to cleave at purines as well as pyrimidines. Mutations that targeted the residues involved in subunit interactions generally resulted in the formation of catalytically inactive monomers. The RNA-binding residues were mapped by a method linking reversible cross-linking, RNA affinity purification, and peptide fingerprinting. Alanine substitution of several residues in the RNA-contacting portion of Nsp15 did not affect hexamer formation but decreased the affinity of RNA binding and reduced endonuclease activity. This suggests a model for Nsp15 hexamer interaction with RNA.
New Scheme for Secured Routing in MANET (2012)

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous system of mobile nodes. Each node operates not only as an end system, but also as a router to forward packets. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. These cause extra challenges on security. In this paper, evaluation of prominent on-demand routing protocol i.e. AODV,MAODV,RAODV has been done by varying the network size. An effort has been carried out to do the performance evaluation of these protocols using random way point model. The simulator used is NS 2.34. The performance of either protocol has been studied by using a self created network scenario with respect to pause time.
Genes for prostaglandin synthesis, transport and inactivation are differentially expressed in human uterine tissues, and the prostaglandin F synthase AKR1B1 is induced in myometrial cells by inflammatory cytokines (2010)

Prostaglandins (PGs) are important factors in the physiology of human parturition and the control of uterine contractility. We have characterized the expression of 15 genes from all stages of the PG pathway in human pregnant and non-pregnant (NP) myometrium and in other uterine tissues at delivery, and the results show patterns indicative of different capacities for PG synthesis and catabolism in each tissue. In placenta, the PG synthase expression profile favours production of PGD₂, PGE₂ and PGF₂, with high levels of PG transporters and catabolic PG dehydrogenase suggesting rapid PG turnover. Choriodecidua is primed for PGE₂, PGF₂ and PGD₂ production and high PG turnover, whereas amnion expresses genes for PGE₂ synthesis with low levels of PG transporters and dehydrogenase. In umbilical cord, PGI₂ synthase is highly expressed. In pregnant myometrium, PGI₂, PGD₂ and PGF₂ synthases are highly expressed, whereas PG dehydrogenase is underexpressed. Myometrium from women with spontaneous or induced labour had higher expression of the PGH₂ synthase PTGS2 than tissue from women not-in-labour. Myometrium from NP women had lower levels of PG synthases and higher levels of PG dehydrogenase than pregnant myometrium. Discriminant function analysis showed that expression of selected genes in myometrium could distinguish groups of women with different modes of labour from each other and from NP women. In cultured myometrial cells, there was a dose-dependent stimulatory effect of interleukin 1β and tumour necrosis factor α on PTGS2, PTGES and AKR1B1 (PGF synthase) expression.
A pipelined TDM optical bus with conditional delays (2005)

A new pipelined time-division multiplexing optical bus for implementing a linear array parallel computer architecture is proposed. In this bus system, switches are introduced on the receiving segment of the bus to control the signal delays on the optical waveguide. The states of switches are dynamically programmable under the control of processors according to computation needs. The linear processor arrays based on such buses can be used as building blocks to construct parallel architectures of higher dimensions to achieve improved scalability and performance.
Multi-scale analysis for azimuthal anisotropy of reservoir rocks from cross-dipole logs (2006)

We present an algorithm for the inversion of formation azimuthal anisotropy from cross-dipole logs employing a wavelet filter. The characteristics of principal flexural waves can be more clearly identified by wavelet transforms of four-component flexural waveforms and multi-scale analysis in the frequency–time domain. Wavelet coefficients of the desired wave components are then extracted by a scheme called time–frequency information mass extraction (TFIME). The flexural wave can be reconstructed to filter out major interferences. We also introduce a multi-objective function into the simulated annealing optimization to further reduce the ambiguity in determining formation anisotropy parameters. Field examples are presented to demonstrate the practical application of the method.
Colorimetric device for measurement of transvascular fluid flux in blood-perfused organs (1987)

The aim of this study was to develop a device capable of measuring transvascular fluid flux in blood-perfused organs. For any given blood flow through the organ (QT), transvascular flux (QF) can be considered as the fraction of QT exchange. Presumably, QF would change the background concentration of an impermeable tracer residing in the perfusate. Thus QF could be calculated from the relative changes in tracer concentration for any given QT. We have used Blue Dextran (1 g/l of blood) as the reference tracer. Because the minimum molecular weight of Blue Dextran is 2 X 10(6), we anticipated it to behave as an impermeable tracer in most organs. QF was simulated with continuous infusions of plasma, normal saline solution, and a 50% mixture of both. Changes in Blue Dextran concentration were continuously followed colorimetrically by changes in transmission of specific light at a wavelength of 632 nm. Because 632-nm light is affected by hematocrit and O2 saturation changes, two additional wavelengths were used: 815-nm, which is not affected by saturation or Blue Dextran concentration changes, was used to account for changes in hematocrit, and 887-nm specific light, which is not affected by Blue Dextran, served to correct for saturation changes. Red cells could not be used as the reference tracer because of the possibility of hematocrit changes independent of fluid flux (Fahraeus effect). The device so constructed proved capable of measuring rates of fluid infusion in the order of 0.1% of QT with a variability of 10% around the mean.
The differential role of Smad2 and Smad3 in the regulation of pro-fibrotic TGFβ1 responses in human proximal-tubule epithelial cells (2005)

In chronic renal diseases, progressive loss of renal function correlates with advancing tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. TGFbeta1-Smad (transforming growth factor-beta1-Sma and Mad protein) signalling plays an important role in the development of renal tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. Secretion of CTGF (connective-tissue growth factor; CCN2) by PTECs (proximal-tubule epithelial cells) and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation) of PTECs to myofibroblasts in response to TGFbeta are critical Smad-dependent events in the development of tubulo-interstitial fibrosis. In the present study we have investigated the distinct contributions of Smad2 and Smad3 to expression of CTGF, E-cadherin, alpha-SMA (alpha-smooth-muscle actin) and MMP-2 (matrix-metalloproteinase-2) in response to TGFbeta1 treatment in an in vitro culture model of HKC-8 (transformed human PTECs). RNA interference was used to achieve selective and specific knockdown of Smad2 and Smad3. Cellular E-cadherin, alpha-SMA as well as secreted CTGF and MMP-2 were assessed by Western immunoblotting. TGFbeta1 treatment induced a fibrotic phenotype with increased expression of CTGF, MMP-2 and alpha-SMA, and decreased expression of E-cadherin. TGFbeta1-induced increases in CTGF and decreases in E-cadherin expression were Smad3-dependent, whereas increases in MMP-2 expression were Smad2-dependent. Increases in alpha-SMA expression were dependent on both Smad2 and Smad3 and were abolished by combined knockdown of both Smad2 and Smad3. In conclusion, we have demonstrated distinct roles for Smad2 and Smad3 in TGFbeta1-induced CTGF expression and markers of EMT in human PTECs. This can be of therapeutic value in designing targeted anti-fibrotic therapies for tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
Disulfide bond-mediated dimerization of HLA-G on the cell surface (2002)

HLA-G is a nonclassical class I MHC molecule with an unknown function and with unusual characteristics that distinguish it from other class I MHC molecules. Here, we demonstrate that HLA-G forms disulfide-linked dimers that are present on the cell surface. Immunoprecipitation of HLA-G from surface biotinylated transfectants using the anti-beta2-microglobulin mAb BBM.1 revealed the presence of an approximately equal 78-kDa form of HLA-G heavy chain that was reduced by using DTT to a 39-kDa form. Mutation of Cys-42 to a serine completely abrogated dimerization of HLA-G, suggesting that the disulfide linkage formed exclusively through this residue. A possible interaction between the HLA-G monomer or dimer and the KIR2DL4 receptor was also investigated, but no interaction between these molecules could be detected through several approaches. The cell-surface expression of dimerized HLA-G molecules may have implications for HLA-Greceptor interactions and for the search for specific receptors that bind HLA-G.
Guiding attention for grasping tasks by gestural instruction: the GRAVIS-robot architecture (2002)

A major goal for the realization of a new generation of intelligent robots is the capability of instructing work tasks by interactive demonstration. To make such a process efficient and convenient for the human user requires that both the robot and the user can establish and maintain a common focus of attention. We describe a hybrid architecture that combines neural networks and finite stale machines into a flexible framework for controlling the behaviour of a vision based robot called GRAVIS-robot (Gestural Recognition Active Vision System robot). It consists of a binocular camera head, a 6 DOF robot arm and a 9 DOF multifingered hand. We focus primarily on nonverbal communication based on gestural commands of a human instructor which will at a later stage be complemented by spoken instructions.
Selective Oxidation of Phenyl Sulphides to Sulphoxides or Sulphones Using Oxone® and Wet Alumina (1992)

Phenyl sulphides (1) can be selectively oxidised to sulphoxides (2a-f) using the solid reagent system Oxone®- wet alumina. The advantages are cheap, safe reagents, high yields and simple operating conditions.
Thermolysis of hexasubstituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐3<i>H</i>‐pyrazoles: Synthesis of 1‐alkoxy‐ and 1‐acetoxy‐1,2,2,3,3‐pentasubstituted‐cyclopropanes (1991)

Abstract A series of 5‐alkoxy‐ and 5‐acetoxy‐4,4‐dimethyl‐3,3,5‐trisubstituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐3 H ‐pyrazoles 2a‐f (hexasubstituted pyrazolines) was synthesized by oxidation of the corresponding 3,4‐dihydro‐2 H ‐pyrazoles with lead tetraacetate in the appropriate solvents. The 5‐acetoxy compounds were produced when the oxidations were carried out in methylene chloride. Oxidation with lead tetraacetate in dry alcoholic solvents resulted in the formation of the 5‐alkoxy derivatives as the major products. Thermolysis of the hexasubstituted‐4,5‐dihydro‐3 H ‐pyrazoles 2a‐f in cyclohexane or as the melt at high temperature yielded the 1‐alkoxy‐ and 1‐acetoxy‐1,2,2,3,3‐pentasubstituted cyclopropanes 3a‐f in good yields. Trace amounts of alkene products were formed in several reactions. No products attributable to cycloreversion pathways were detected. The product distributions were consistent with extrusion of nitrogen gas from 2a‐f to yield the singlet 1,3‐diradical, closure of which resulted in cyclopropane formation with partial retention of stereochemistry.
Binding of Cibacron Blue F3GA to the Flavin and NADH Sites in Cytochrome <i>b</i><sub>5</sub> Reductase (1980)

The behaviour of cytochrome b5 reductase holoenzyme and apoenzyme toward blue-dextran--Sepharose has been studied. Holoenzyme was adsorbed at low ionic strength and could be eluted with 100 microM NADH or NAD+. Flavin-free enzyme was even more strongly bound and could be eluted with 1 M NaCl, or 100 microM NADH + 10 microM FAD. Separately the cofactors were without effect. FMN was less effective than FAD. ADP and AMP eluted nothing. Cibacron blue F3GA was found to exert a mixed inhibition on NADH oxidation. Dye binding to holoenzyme elicited a characteristic red shift in its spectrum. Comparison of the difference spectrum amplitude at 680 and 585 nm showed the presence of a second binding mode at higher dye concentrations. These results point to the existence for cytochrome b5 reductase of two binding sites with high affinity for blue-dextran--Sepharose: the NADH binding site and flavin binding site. For the latter it is clear that isoalloxazine pocket must play a role in dye binding. Cytochrome b5 reductase is the second flavoenzyme which has been shown to have affinity for immobilized dye at the flavin site, the first one being flavocytochrome b2, and FMN-dependent enzyme [D. Pompon and F. Lederer (1978) Eur. J. Biochem. 90, 563--569].
Synthesis and biological evaluation of ureido derivatives as VLA-4 antagonists (2006)

Bioisosteric replacement based design strategy was employed in order to improve pharmacokinetic properties of TBC-3486, a potent VLA-4 antagonist. However, the newly synthesized analogs did not show any significant activity.
Sulindac suppression of colorectal polyps in Gardner's syndrome. (1990)

Sulindac causes both regression and suppression of colorectal polyps in patients with Gardner's syndrome and familial polyposis coli. Three patients with Gardner's syndrome and multiple colonic polyps had complete regression of polyps after two to three months of sulindac therapy. The implication that sulindac may prevent colorectal cancer and prophylactic surgery in patients with hereditary polyps of the colon is intriguing but has not yet been substantiated.
Elastomer-Modified Epoxy Resins in Coatings Applications (1983)

Elastomer-modified epoxy resins have grown in usage in the past 15 years in several application areas connected with structural adhesives, composites, civil engineering/construction, electrical laminates/encapsulants and corrosion resistance. Some of this increased attention has come about through utility of telechelic butadiene/acrylonitrile liquid polymers. Both carboxyl and amine reactive liquid polymers (CTBN and ATBN) have provided chemistries amenable to this modification with the polybutadiene/acrylonitrile copolymer providing solubility parameters close to if not equaling those of base epoxy resins. It has only been within the last few years that similar elastomer-modified epoxy resins have been examined in epoxy coatings and primers. This chapter reviews a portion of that relatively new journal and patent literature involving epoxy coal-tar, powder, photo-curable and solventless heavy duty coatings as well as metal primers. These examples are employed to illustrate such benefits of elastomer inclusion as reverse impact, bending/crimping, corrosion resistance, thermal shock resistance and coating adhesion. The chapter concludes with an initial reporting on industrial maintenance and marine coatings based on elastomer-modified epoxy resin models. Similar benefits are noted with these traditional solvent-based coatings under ambient cure.