gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclooxygenase inhibitors in urinary bladder cancer:<i>in vitro</i>and<i>in vivo</i>effects (2006)

More than 14,000 people die from invasive transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder yearly in the United States. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-inhibiting drugs are emerging as potential antitumor agents in TCC. The optimal in vitro or in vivo systems to investigate COX inhibitor antitumor effects have not been defined. The purpose of this study was to determine COX-1 and COX-2 expression and antitumor effects of COX inhibitors in human TCC cell lines (HT1376, RT4, and UMUC3 cells) and xenografts derived from those cell lines. COX-2 expression (Western blot, immunocytochemistry) was high in HT1376, modest in RT4, and absent in UMUC3 cells in vitro. Similarly, COX-2 expression was noted in RT4 but not UMUC3 xenografts. COX-2 expression in HT1376 xenografts was slightly lower than that observed in vitro. None of four COX inhibitors evaluated (celecoxib, piroxicam, valeryl salicylate, and NS398) reduced TCC growth in standard in vitro proliferation assays at concentrations that could be safely achieved in vivo (< or =5 micromol/L). Higher celecoxib concentrations (> or =50 micromol/L) inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in all three cell lines. Celecoxib or piroxicam treatment in athymic mice significantly delayed progression of HT1376 xenografts, which express COX-2, but not UMUC3 xenografts that lack COX-2 expression. In conclusion, standard in vitro assays were not useful in predicting COX inhibitor antitumor effects observed in vivo. Athymic mice bearing TCC xenografts provide a useful in vivo system for COX inhibitor studies. Results of this study provide justification for further evaluation of COX inhibitors as antitumor agents against TCC.
Finding idle machines in a workstation-based distributed system (1989)

The authors describe the design and performance of scheduling facilities for finding idle hosts in a workstation-based distributed system. They focus on the tradeoffs between centralized and decentralized architectures with respect to scalability, fault tolerance, and simplicity of design, as well as several implementation issues of interest when multicast communication is used. They conclude that the principal tradeoff between the two approaches is that a centralized architecture can be scaled to a significantly greater degree and can more easily monitor global system statistics whereas a decentralized architecture is simpler to implement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Machine Learning Improves Risk Stratification After Acute Coronary Syndrome (2017)

The accurate assessment of a patient's risk of adverse events remains a mainstay of clinical care. Commonly used risk metrics have been based on logistic regression models that incorporate aspects of the medical history, presenting signs and symptoms, and lab values. More sophisticated methods, such as Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), form an attractive platform to build risk metrics because they can easily incorporate disparate pieces of data, yielding classifiers with improved performance. Using two cohorts consisting of patients admitted with a non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome, we constructed an ANN that identifies patients at high risk of cardiovascular death (CVD). The ANN was trained and tested using patient subsets derived from a cohort containing 4395 patients (Area Under the Curve (AUC) 0.743) and validated on an independent holdout set containing 861 patients (AUC 0.767). The ANN 1-year Hazard Ratio for CVD was 3.72 (95% confidence interval 1.04-14.3) after adjusting for the TIMI Risk Score, left ventricular ejection fraction, and B-type natriuretic peptide. A unique feature of our approach is that it captures small changes in the ST segment over time that cannot be detected by visual inspection. These findings highlight the important role that ANNs can play in risk stratification.
Long-term outcome and prospective validation of NIH response criteria in 39 patients receiving imatinib for steroid-refractory chronic GVHD (2013)

Forty adults aged 28 to 73 years were entered into a prospective trial of imatinib for the treatment of steroid-refractory chronic graft-versus-host disease (SR-cGVHD). After 6 months, intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis of 39 patients who received the drug, regardless of the duration of treatment, revealed 14 partial responses (PR), 4 minor responses (MR) with relevant steroid sparing (46%) according to Couriel criteria, and 20 ≥ PR (51.3%), as per the National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria and NIH severity score changes. The best responses were seen in the lungs, gut, and skin (35%, 50%, and 32%, respectively). After a median follow-up of 40 months, 28 patients were alive, with a 3-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival of 72% and 46%, respectively. The 3-year OS was 94% for patients responding at 6 months and 58% for nonresponders according to NIH response, suggesting that these criteria represent a reliable tool for predicting OS after second-line treatment. Monitoring of anti-platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGF-R) antibodies showed a significant decrease in PDGF-R stimulatory activity in 7 responders, whereas it remained high in 4 nonresponders. This study confirms the efficacy of imatinib against SR-cGVHD and suggests that the response at 6 months significantly predicts long-term survival.
Metamorphosis in the Cirripede Crustacean Balanus amphitrite (2012)

Stalked and acorn barnacles (Cirripedia Thoracica) have a complex life cycle that includes a free-swimming nauplius larva, a cypris larva and a permanently attached sessile juvenile and adult barnacle. The barnacle cyprid is among the most highly specialized of marine invertebrate larvae and its settlement biology has been intensively studied. By contrast, surprisingly few papers have dealt with the critical series of metamorphic events from cementation of the cyprid to the substratum until the appearance of a suspension feeding juvenile. This metamorphosis is both ontogenetically complex and critical to the survival of the barnacle. Here we use video microscopy to present a timeline and description of morphological events from settled cyprid to juvenile barnacle in the model species Balanus amphitrite, representing an important step towards both a broader understanding of the settlement ecology of this species and a platform for studying the factors that control its metamorphosis. Metamorphosis in B. amphitrite involves a complex sequence of events: cementation, epidermis separation from the cypris cuticle, degeneration of cypris musculature, rotation of the thorax inside the mantle cavity, building of the juvenile musculature, contraction of antennular muscles, raising of the body, shedding of the cypris cuticle, shell plate and basis formation and, possibly, a further moult to become a suspension feeding barnacle. We compare these events with developmental information from other barnacle species and discuss them in the framework of barnacle settlement ecology.
Removal of surface-related wave phenomena; the marine case (1996)

Abstract Removal of the effects of the free surface from seismic reflection data is an essential preprocessing step before prestack migration. The problem can be formulated by means of Rayleigh's reciprocity theorem which leads to an integral equation of the second kind for the desired pressure field that does not include these free-surface effects. This integral equation can be solved numerically, both in the spatial domain and in the double Radon domain. Solving the integral equation in the double Radon domain has the advantage of reducing the computation time significantly since the kernel of the integral equation becomes dominant diagonally. Two methods are proposed to solve the integral equation: direct matrix inversion and a recursive subtraction of the free-surface multiples using a Neumann series. Both methods have been developed and tested on a synthetic data set, which was computed with the help of an independent forward-modeling scheme.
Essential Role for Verotoxin in Sustained Stress-Activated Protein Kinase and Nuclear Factor Kappa B Signaling, Stimulated by <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 in Vero Cells (2002)

The effects of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (strains E30480 and PM601) and the associated verotoxins (VTs), VT1 and VT2, on stress-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling were investigated with Vero cells, which are extremely sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of E. coli O157:H7 in vitro. Cell-free supernatants prepared from E30480 and PM601 cultures and purified VT1 and VT2 stimulated a strong and prolonged (>4-h) activation of both c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. However, JNK activity stimulated in response to E30480 supernatants was substantially reduced following pretreatment with anti-VT1 and anti-VT2 antibodies, while a VT1 and VT2 gene knockout mutant of PM601 was unable to stimulate JNK activity. E30480 supernatants also caused a sustained activation of NF-kappaB DNA binding, degradation of inhibitory kappa B alpha (IkappaBalpha), and an increase in inhibitory kappa B kinase alpha activity, although PM601 supernatants and VT1 and VT2 had no effect. However, preincubation with VTs prolonged the transient activation of NF-kappaB and IkappaBalpha degradation stimulated by either tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin 1beta, while preincubation with anti-VT antibodies prevented the prolonged loss of IkappaBalpha and partially reduced DNA binding in response to E30480 supernatants. These results strongly suggest that in Vero cells, VT plays an essential role in sustained JNK and NF-kappaB signaling in response to E. coli O157:H7 and that this action may underpin their cell-selective cytotoxic effects. These studies also suggest that another component released by strain E30480 contributes to the early activation of JNK and NF-kappaB.
Prothrombinase complex assembly on the platelet surface is mediated through the 74,000-dalton component of factor Va. (1983)

The blood coagulation protein factor Va forms the receptor for the serine protease factor Xa on the platelet surface. This membrane-bound complex of factor Va and factor Xa plus Ca2+ comprises the prothrombinase complex, the enzyme that catalyzes the proteolytic conversion of prothrombin to the clotting enzyme thrombin. Factor Va is a two-subunit protein composed of component D (Mr = 94,000) and component E (Mr = 74,000); subunit interaction is Ca2+ dependent. Factor Va bound to platelets consists of three peptides: component D, component E, and component D'(Mr = 90,000) which appears as the result of a platelet-associated protease cleavage of component D. The present studies were undertaken to determine which peptide(s) mediates the binding of factor Va to the platelet membrane surface and which peptide(s) serves as the binding site for factor Xa. These interactions were assessed by direct measurements of radiolabeled factor Va and factor Xa binding to platelets as well as autoradiographic visualization of the factor Va peptides associated with the platelet. Experiments were performed to determine the interaction of components D and E with platelets under reaction conditions in which components D and E were present as either the intact, functional two-subunit protein or as nonfunctional discrete peptides dissociated by the addition of Na2EDTA. The results suggest that component E mediates the binding of factor Va to the platelet and also serves as the binding site for the interaction of factor Xa with platelet-bound factor Va.
Antioxidant Properties of Selenophene, Thiophene and Their Aminocarbonitrile Derivatives (2017)

The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method was used to detect the antiperoxyradical ability of organoselenium compounds: selenophene and its derivative, 2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-selenophene-3-carbonitrile (ATSe); while as a comparison, the sulfur-containing analogue of selenophene-thiophene and its derivative-2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-thiophene-3-carbonitrile (ATS)-was selected. Cyclic voltammetry (CV), differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and squarewave voltammetry (SWV) methods were used to determine the redox characteristics of organoselenium and organosulfur compounds. The antiradical activity and capacity of the studied compounds were also measured by using stable radical 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Detected anodic peaks of the oxidation of selenophene, thiophene and their derivatives in CV, DPV and SWV in the interval of -1200 ÷ (+1600) mV potentials in regard to the Ag/Ag⁺ medium of acetonitrile prove the presence of antiperoxyradical activity in regard to oxidizers, i.e., peroxyradicals. The chemical mechanism of the antiperoxyradical ability of selenophene, thiophene and their organic derivatives is proposed.
The role of kinesthetic reference frames in two-handed input performance (1999)

We present experimental work which explores how the match (or mismatch) between the input space of the hands and the output space of a graphical display influences two-handed input performance. During interaction with computers, a direct correspondence between the input and output spaces is often lacking. Not only are the hands disjoint from the display space, but the reference frames of the hands may in fact be disjoint from one another if two separate input devices (e.g. two mice) are used for two-handed input. In general, we refer to the workspace and origin within which the hands operate as kinesthetic reference frames. Our goal is to better understand how an interface designer's choice of kinesthetic reference frames influences a user's ability to coordinate two-handed movements, and to explore how the answer to this question may depend on the availability of visual feedback. Understanding this issue has implications for the design of two-handed interaction techniques and input devices, as well as for the reference principle of Guiard's Kinematic Chain model of human bimanual action. Our results suggest that the Guiard reference principle is robust with respect to variances in the kinesthetic reference frames as long as appropriate visual feedback is present.
An Effective Packet Loss Recovery Scheme Using a Cache Server in IPTV Multicast Service (2020)

In this paper, we propose an effective packet loss recovery scheme using a cache server in IPTV (Internet Protocol TeleVision) multicast service. In the proposed scheme, the cache server detects which packets have been lost by using the additional information received from STB (Set-Top Box) device. And then, it retransmits these lost packets to STB device. Test results shows the high recovery success rate of the proposed scheme for packet losses over the commercial IPTV network.
Therapeutic Embolization With Detachable Silicone Balloons (1979)

An optical switch operating at a wavelength of 1.55¿µm and showing a 12 dB modulation depth is introduced. The device is implemented in a silicon racetrack resonator using an overcladding layer of the phase change data storage material Ge2Sb2Te5, which exhibits high contrast in its optical properties upon transitions between its crystalline and amorphous structural phases. These transitions are triggered using a pulsed laser diode at ¿¿=¿975¿nm and used to tune the resonant frequency of the resonator and the resultant modulation depth of the 1.55¿µm transmitted light.
Induction of medulloblastomas in mice by sonic hedgehog, independent of Gli1. (2002)

The Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway plays a critical role in normal cerebellar development and has been implicated in medulloblastomas, common malignant childhood tumors of the cerebellum. To test whether Shh mis-expression is sufficient for medulloblastoma formation, we used ultrasound biomicroscopy-guided in utero injection of a Shh-expressing retrovirus into the cerebellum of 13.5-day mouse embryos to show that direct activation of the Shh pathway can lead to tumor formation. Significantly, medulloblastomas were observed in 76% of the mice infected with Shh-expressing retrovirus. Furthermore, contrary to recent suggestions that the Shh transcriptional target Gli1 plays a critical role in Shh-induced tumorigenesis, we found that medulloblastomas form in Gli1 null mutant mice. We have developed an efficient mouse model of medulloblastoma and shown that Gli1 is not required for tumorigenesis when Shh signaling is activated upstream in the pathway.
Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lysine)-<i>g</i>-Poly(ethylene glycol) Layers on Metal Oxide Surfaces:  Attachment Mechanism and Effects of Polymer Architecture on Resistance to Protein Adsorption (2000)

The generation of surfaces and interfaces that are able to withstand protein adsorption is a major challenge in the design of blood-contacting materials for both medical implants and bioaffinity sensors. Poly(ethylene glycol)-derived materials are generally considered to be particularly effective candidates for the fabrication of protein-resistant materials. Most metallic biomaterials are covered by a protective, stable oxide film; converting such oxide surfaces, which are known to strongly interact with proteins, into noninteractive surfaces requires a specific design of the surface/interface architecture. A class of copolymers based on poly(l-lysine)-g-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLL-g-PEG) was found to spontaneously adsorb from aqueous solutions onto several metal oxide surfaces, such as TiO2, Si0.4Ti0.6O2, and Nb2O5, as measured by the in situ optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy technique and by ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The resulting adsorbed layers are highly effective in reducing the adsorption both of blood serum and of individual proteins such as fibrinogen, which is known to play a major role in the cascade of events that lead to biomaterial-surface-induced blood coagulation and thrombosis. Adsorbed protein levels as low as <5 ng/cm2 could be achieved for an optimized polymer architecture. The modified surfaces are stable to desorption under flow conditions at 37 °C and pH 7.4 in HEPES [4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid] and PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) buffers. The adsorbed layer of copolymer is thought to form a comblike structure at the surface, with positively charged primary amine groups of the PLL bound to the negatively charged metal oxide surface, while the hydrophilic and uncharged PEG side chains are exposed to the solution phase. Copolymer architecture is an important factor in the resulting protein resistance; it is discussed on the basis of packing-density considerations and the corresponding radii of gyration of the different PEG chain lengths studied. This surface functionalization technology is believed to be of value for use in both the biomaterial and biosensor areas, as the chosen macromolecules are biocompatible and the application is straightforward and cost-effective.
The ZPR-9 Airborne Plutonium Monitoring System (1976)

This paper describes an airborne plutonium monitoring system which is installed in the ZPR-9 (Zero Power Reactor No. 9) facility at Argonne National Laboratory. The design and operational experience are discussed. This monitoring system utilizes particle size and density discrimination, alpha particle energy discrimination, and a background-subtraction technique operating in cascade to separate airborne-plutonium activity from other, naturally occurring, airborne activity. Relatively high sensitivity and reliability are achieved.
Effect of alginate-pectin composition on drug release characteristics of microcapsules (2008)

Microencapsulation of model drug, acetylsalicylic acid into bio-based polymer, alginate-pectin matrix has been undertaken in this work to characterize the microcapsules based on their composition. Different proportions of the alginate-pectin solutions prepared with drug were homogenized and atomized using nitrogen gas into 1.0 M calcium chloride solution to form sol-gel microcapsules. Drug loaded microcapsules were dried using microwave energy under vacuum at low temperature. Average particle size of the microcapsules was found to be 90 micron. Scanning electron microscopy graphs and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis on the microcapsules confirm the presence of drug in the polymer matrix. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the microstructure was more like an amorphous pattern. Drug release of the microcapsules was tested in three different pH levels of 1.2, 7.4 and 8.2. Slow and controlled release of drug was observed at all the pH levels. Increase in pectin increased the drug release and also the release was more in acidic pH (1.2) as 75.6% for alginate: pectin-20:80.
L1<sub>0</sub> CrPt underlayer thickness effects on FePt film ordering (2007)

In this work we have studied the magnetic properties and microstructure of the L10 FePt(60 nm)/CrPt bilayer with different CrPt thicknesses from 20 to 120 nm after post-annealing at 400 °C. FePt films were deposited coherently on the preordered L10 CrPt underlayer due to structural disorder–order transformation with a slight lattice distortion from fcc to fct. The CrPt underlayer ordering clearly increased with thickness and thus coherently induced FePt film ordering. Introducing the ordered equal-atomic CrPt underlayer caused in-plane and out-of plane coercivity and squareness ratio improvement, higher than that for the single layer FePt (Hc ∼ 7.3 kOe). The in-plane and out-of-plane coercivity increased with the CrPt underlayer thickness from 7.5 kOe to 10 kOe and from 5 kOe to 8 kOe, respectively. The L10 CrPt underlayer also enhanced the FePt layer grain growth with a grain size of around 200–500 nm. This size is much larger than the grain size of the FePt single layer(50 nm) after post-annealing at 400 °C. Surface roughness of FePt films from AFM images increased with the CrPt underlayer thickness, possibly causing enhanced ordering of FePt films.
Fast-paced trading of multi-attribute goods (2004)

We present an exchange system for trading nonstandard goods, such as used cars. We explain the representation of desirable purchases and sales, describe data structures for fast identification of matches between buyers and sellers, and give experiments on the system's performance.