gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of visibility conditions through use of onboard cameras (2005)

An atmospheric visibility measurement system capable of quantifying the most common operating range of onboard exteroceptive sensors is a key parameter in the creation of driving assistance systems. This information is then utilized to adapt sensor operations and processing or to alert the driver that the onboard assistance system is momentarily inoperative. Moreover, a system capable of either detecting the presence of fog or estimating visibility distances constitutes in itself a driving assistance. In this paper, we present a measurement framework of different visibility distances using onboard CCD cameras, that we beforehand defined: meteorological visibility, obstacle visibility, mobilized visibility. The methods to estimate these different visibility distances are detailed. Whereas the first one is based on a physical model of light diffusion by the atmosphere, the two other methods are based on the "v-disparity" approach and local contrasts computation. The methods are evaluated thanks to video sequences under sunny weather and foggy weather.
X-ray diffraction analysis of SiGe/Si heterostructures on sapphire substrates (1998)

Si/Si 1−x Ge x heterostructures on improved silicon-on-sapphire substrates were grown epitaxially by ultrahigh vacuum chemical vapor deposition for application as p-channel field effect transistors. High-resolution triple-axis x-ray diffraction was used to analyze these structures quantitatively and to evaluate their thermal stability. Outdiffusion of Ge from the strained Si1−xGex quantum well was observed after annealing at 850 °C. The amount of outdiffusion was comparable to that observed in Si1−xGex structures on bulk Si wafers.
Current prostate biopsy protocols cannot reliably identify patients for focal therapy: correlation of low-risk prostate cancer on biopsy with radical prostatectomy findings. (2010)

Focal therapy appears to be an attractive alternative approach for patients with localized prostate cancer (PCa). Identifying suitable candidates is crucial to the success of focal therapy. Currently, standard transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy remains the widespread approach to evaluate patient suitability. In this study, we evaluated the ability of current biopsy protocols to predict cancer characteristics in radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens. We reviewed 4437 cases from 2000 to 2008 in our PowerPath database, and identified 158 patients with low-risk cancer, defined as a pre-biopsy PSA level <or= 10 ng/mL, unilateral, low tumor volume (<or=5%) and low to intermediate Gleason score (GS<or=6) on first positive prostate biopsy. The pathological characteristics of subsequent RP specimens were reviewed. We found that, of 158 patients with these criteria, 117 (74%) had bilateral cancer, 49 (31%) had increased tumor volume (>or= 10%), and 46 (29%) were upgraded to GS >or= 7 at RPs. When patients were stratified by total biopsy core numbers, extended biopsy core protocols were not significantly more reliable in identifying unilateral and low volume prostate cancer patients. One core positive on biopsy was not significantly superior to > 2 positive cores in predicting unilateral, low volume, low stage cancer at prostatectomy. These findings indicate that current standard prostate biopsy protocols have limited accuracy in identifying candidates for focal therapy.
The Tubular Platinum Electrode. (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Tubular Platinum Electrode.W. J. Blaedel, C. L. Olson, and L. R. SharmaCite this: Anal. Chem. 1963, 35, 13, 2100–2103Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60206a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60206a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations78LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An immunohistochemical study of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor gamma subunits in Alzheimer's disease hippocampus: Relationship to neurofibrillary tangle progression (2008)

Immunohistochemical characterization of the distribution of GABA(A) receptor subunits gamma1/3 and 2 in the hippocampus relative to neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) pathology staging was performed in cognitively normal subjects (Braak stage I/II, n = 4) and two groups of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients (Braak stage III/IV, n = 4; Braak stage V/VI, n = 8). In both Braak groups of AD patients, neuronal gamma1/3 and gamma2 immunoreactivity was preserved in all hippocampal subfields. However, compared to normal controls neuronal gamma1/3 immunoreactivity was more intense in several end-stage AD subjects. Despite increased NFT pathology in the Braak V/VI AD group, GABA(A)gamma1/3 and gamma2 immunoreactivity did not co-localize with markers of NFT. These results suggest that upregulating or preserving GABA(A)gamma1/3 and gamma2 receptors may protect neurons against neurofibrillary pathology in AD.
The Signature Analysis of Sonic Bearing Vibrations (1980)

Those aspects of roller bearing vibrations are addressed which are of importance in machinery health monitoring. Mechanisms of signal generation and the signal modification introduced by struc- tural paths and instrumentation are reviewed. Examples of various vibration analyses show how correct interpretation of results neces- sitates knowledge about such modifications. The main signal processing methods, including some recently developed ones, are described, and their relationship to the signal's generating mechanism and various modification mechanisms are discussed.
Models of Poverty and Planned Change: A Framework for Synthesis (1978)

Recent discussions of planned social change have organized interventive strategies into models which identify underlying philosophical assumptions, value orientations, and political perspectives. Two papers published in 1965 can be taken as the beginning of this model-building discussion: Richard Walton proposed a dichotomy between attitude change and power strategies, and Roland Warren outlined a continuum from collaborative through campaign to contest strategies. In the subsequent literature, three publications stand out as major formulations of models of planned social change. What is particularly striking is that each develops a trichotomous typology of change strategies. Jack Rothman (1968) formulates the Locality Development, Social Planning, and Social Action models; Robert Chin and Kenneth Benne (1969) formulate the Rational-Empirical, Normative/Re-Educative, and Power- Coercive models; and James Crowfoot and Mark Chesler (1974) formulate the Countercultural, Professional-Technical, and Political models
HMMF: An Hidden Markov Model Based Approach for Motif Finding (2009)

Transcriptional factor binding site (TFBS) motifs on DNA genomes play important functional roles in gene expression and regulation. Accurately identifying the motifs is thus an important problem in bioinformatics. However, exhaustively enumerating all possible locations for a motif in a set of sequences is computationally intractable. Many heuristic or approximation algorithms and machine learning based approaches have been developed for this problem. In this paper, we develop a novel approach that can efficiently explore all possible locations of TFBS motifs in a set of sequences with high accuracy. Our approach constructs an ensemble of k Hidden Markov Models (HMM) through local alignments of two sequences in the set and then progressively aligns each HMM in the ensemble to other sequences in the set and update the parameters of the k HMMs. Our experimental results showed that our approach could achieve higher accuracy with satisfying efficiency than previous state-of-art approaches.
RF Sensor Networks for Device-Free Localization: Measurements, Models, and Algorithms (2010)

In this paper, we discuss the emerging application of device-free localization (DFL) using wireless sensor networks, which find people and objects in the environment in which the network is deployed, even in buildings and through walls. These networks are termed “RF sensor networks” because the wireless network itself is the sensor, using radio-frequency (RF) signals to probe the deployment area. DFL in cluttered multipath environments has been shown to be feasible, and in fact benefits from rich multipath channels. We describe modalities of measurements made by RF sensors, the statistical models which relate a person's position to channel measurements, and describe research progress in this area.
Synthesis of Starlike <i>N</i>-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide Copolymers:  Potential Drug Carriers (2000)

Starlike HPMA copolymers were synthesized by conjugating semitelechelic poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-methacrylamide] macromolecules (ST-PHPMA, arm) with PAMAM dendrimers (core: G2, G3, G4). ST-PHPMA was synthesized by chain transfer free radical polymerization, and the terminal -COOH was activated with N-hydroxysuccinimide. Doxorubicin (DOX) was introduced into the starlike HPMA copolymer to evaluate its potential as a drug delivery system. The polymers were characterized with SEC, NMR, and UV. Cytotoxicity of the DOX containing starlike HPMA copolymer was determined on an A2780 human ovarian carcinoma cell line and compared with DOX-containing linear HPMA copolymers. The rate of in vitro DOX release from polymer--DOX conjugates in the presence of cathepsin B (CP-B, lysosomal cysteine proteinase) was determined and correlated with cytotoxicity results.
Nanorod-Superconductor Composites: A Pathway to Materials with High Critical Current Densities (1996)

Most large-scale applications of the high-temperature copper oxide superconductors (HTSCs) require high critical current densities ( J c 's) at temperatures near the boiling point of liquid nitrogen to be technologically useful, although thermally activated flux flow reduces J c dramatically at these temperatures. This intrinsic limitation can be overcome by introducing nanometer-sized columnar defects into an HTSC. Nanorods of magnesium oxide were grown and incorporated into HTSCs to form nanorod-HTSC composites. In this way, a high density of nanorod columnar defects can be created with orientations perpendicular and parallel to the copper oxide planes. The J c 's of the nanorod-HTSC composites are enhanced dramatically at high temperatures and magnetic fields as compared with reference samples; these composites may thus represent a technologically viable strategy for overcoming thermally activated flux flow in large-scale applications.
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Promote Nitric Oxide Production in Coronary Microvessels from Failing Explanted Human Hearts (1997)

We have previously shown that nitric oxide (NO) release by the coronary circulation in the failing and nonfailing human heart is, in part, regulated by local kinin production in coronary microvessels. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) also known as kininase II, inactivates kinins. ACE inhibitors prevent kinin breakdown by ACE, thereby increasing the concentration of bradykinin (BK) and related kinins. The goal of this study was to determine if kinins contribute to the therapeutic action of ACE inhibitors. Six hearts from end-stage heart failure patients were harvested at the time of orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Microvessels were prepared as previously described, and nitrite production, a metabolic product of NO in vitro, was determined by the Griess reaction. Microvessels were incubated in the presence of kininogen and bradykinin, and with the ACE inhibitors ramiprilat, enalaprilat, or captopril. All caused dose-dependent increases in nitrite. For instance, ramiprilat increased nitrite from 76 +/- 5.6 to 155 +/- 15 pmol/min per mg wet weight. Nitrite production in response to ACE inhibition was blocked by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), a NO synthase inhibitor, and icatibant (HOE 140), a B2-kinin receptor-specific antagonist. Furthermore, NO production was prevented by 3 different serine protease inhibitors, which block kallikrein, the enzyme responsible for conversion of kininogen to kinins. Our results indicate that ACE/kininase inhibitors increase NO production by the coronary microvasculature in the failing human heart, through increased available active kinins. The therapeutic action of ACE inhibition in the failing human heart may result in part from increased NO production by coronary microvessels.
122-LB: The Simplici-T1 Trial: Glucokinase Activator TTP399 Improves Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (2020)

Identification of adjunctive, oral pharmacotherapies to treat type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been limited by hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis. TTP399 is a liver-selective oral glucokinase activator. In type 2 diabetes (n=190), TTP399 was shown to reduce A1C vs. placebo (PL) -0.9% (p&lt;0.01) without hypoglycemia or ketosis. The Simplici-T1 trial (NCT03335371) is an adaptive three-part Phase 1b/2 Proof of Concept study of TTP399 as adjunctive therapy for T1D treatment. Safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics were established in a sentinel phase (n=5). In Part 1 (n=19), TTP399 reduced A1C (-0.7%, p=0.03), improved time in range 70-180 mg/dl (TIR; 12%, p=0.04), and reduced bolus insulin vs. PL in patients on insulin pump therapy and continuous glucose monitoring. In Part 2 (n=85), these data were examined in a broader T1D population. Insulin dose was optimized prior to randomization and throughout the 12 wk double-blind treatment period with specified pre- and post-meal targets. Participants received TTP399 800 mg or matched PL. A1C at randomization was 7.6% (SD 0.6). TTP399 significantly reduced A1C (trial product estimand: -0.32%, 95%CI -0.50, -0.13, p&lt;0.01; ITT: -0.20, 95%CI -0.38, -0.02, p=0.03). A responder analysis (improved A1C; without severe hypoglycemia or increase in insulin dose; nor abnormal beta-hydroxybutyrate or lactic acid) revealed 42% TTP399 responders vs. 12% PL (ITT: p&lt;0.01, hierarchically controlled [HC]). Daytime TIR improved (ITT: 7.81%, 95%CI 0.93, 14.68, p&lt;0.05, HC). Treatment-emergent adverse events were numerically lower with TTP399. No safety signals were identified. These data suggest that further development of TTP399 as adjunctive therapy in T1D is warranted. Disclosure J.B. Buse: Consultant; Self; Cirius Therapeutics, CSL Behring, Neurimmune. Research Support; Self; American Diabetes Association, National Institutes of Health, Novo Nordisk A/S, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Sanofi, Tolerion, Inc., vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Mellitus Health, Pendulum Therapeutics, PhaseBio Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Stability Health. Other Relationship; Self; ADOCIA, AstraZeneca, Dance Biopharm Holdings, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, NovaTarg Therapeutics, Novo Nordisk A/S, Senseonics, Inc, vTv Therapeutics, Zafgen, Inc. K. Klein: None. J.L. Freeman: Employee; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; vTv Therapeutics. I. Dunn: None. C. Valcarce: Employee; Self; vTv Therapeutics. Funding JDRF; vTv Therapeutics; National Institutes of Health (UL1TR002489)
Supporting information retrieval from electronic health records: A report of University of Michigan’s nine-year experience in developing and using the Electronic Medical Record Search Engine (EMERSE) (2015)

EMERSE, available free of charge for academic use, represents a state-of-the-art medical IR tool with proven effectiveness and user acceptance.
Screening for trisomy 21 in twin pregnancies by maternal age and fetal nuchal translucency thickness at 10–14 weeks of gestation (1996)

In twin pregnancies the sensitivity of fetal nuchal translucency thickness in screening for trisomy 21 is similar to that in singleton pregnancies, but the specificity is lower because translucency is also increased in chromosomally normal monochorionic twin pregnancies.
A novel EMG-based human-computer interface for persons with disability (2004)

This paper proposes a novel EMG-based human computer interface (HCI) for persons with disabilities. The interaction commands for the HCI consist of four commands, that are composed by combination of three elevation motions of shoulders such as left, right and both elevations. By comparing EMG signals on the Levator scapulae muscles with predetermined double threshold values, each elevation motion is recognized. To achieve a real-time EMG processing hardware, high- and low-pass filter, band-pass and -rejection filter, a full rectifier and a mean absolute value circuit are embedded on a board with a high-speed microprocessor. From experimental results using the implemented real-time EMG processing hardware, we show that the proposed wireless EMG-based HCI is feasible for the disabled.
Spontaneous Ordering in Bulk GaN:Mg Samples (1999)

Transmission electron microscopy evidence of spontaneous ordering in Mg-doped, bulk GaN crystals grown by a high pressure, high temperature process is reported for the first time. The ordering consists of Mg-rich planar defects formed on basal planes separated by 10 nm and occurs only for growth with $(000\overline{1})$ N polarity. The ordering leads to the formation of satellite diffraction spots dividing the (0001) reciprocal lattice distance into 20 parts. This ``microsuperlattice'' can be described as polytypoids comprised of planar defects with some characteristics of inversion domain boundaries.
A new depsipeptide antibiotic, citropeptin. (1990)

An actinomycete identified as Streptomyces flavidovirens was found to produce a new cyclic hexadepsipeptide antibiotic, designated citropeptin. Citropeptin showed antitumor activity against P388 murine leukemia.
Structural studies on marine toxins (1980)

The molecular structure of two toxic marine natural products were investigated. In Part One, 1.3 mg of ciguatoxin, the principal toxin of ciguatera poisoning, was isolated from viscera (50 kg) of the moray eel Gymnothorax javanicus. The substance has an extremely high toxicity (LD50) of 0.45 µg/kg by intraperitoneal injection into mice. Spectroscopic measurements were performed on the purified toxin with highly advanced instruments. By 252Cf-plasma desorption mass spectrometry molecular weight of 1112 was determined. A number of partial structures for the molecule were deduced from spectral data. These partial structures suggest that the molecule is essentially a highly oxygenated lipid. In Part Two, okadaic acid isolated from a Japanese marine sponge Halichondrai okadai, was investigated. The crystalline substance is cytotoxic monocarboxylic acid and has a molecular formula of C44H68O13 with a toxicity (LD50) of 192 µg/kg by intraperitoneal injection into mice. Spectroscopic and chemical studies indicated that the molecule is an ionophoric polyether, a class of compounds which is common in fungal metabolites but has not been found in marine organisms to-date. X-ray diffraction crystallography of the o-bromobenzyl ester was carried out and the structure 2 in Fig. 44 was given as the molecular structure of okadaic acid.
Real Analytic Fréchet Algebras Containing Algebras of Holomorphic Functions (2015)

A class of Fréchet algebras of real analytic functions is constructed, with a weaker\ncondition than complex analyticity. These algebras consist of functions on Stein spaces; a\nrelated construction on CR manifolds of a certain type is also given.
Reduction of Focal Cerebral Ischemic Damage by Delayed Treatment with Nitric Oxide Donors (1994)

We studied whether delayed posttreatment with the nitric oxide donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) is effective in reducing the size of the infarct produced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). SHRs were anesthetized with halothane and intubated transorally. The left MCA was occluded at the level of the inferior cerebral vein. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was monitored in the ischemic hemisphere by a laser-Doppler flowmeter, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. SIN-1 was infused into the left internal carotid artery for 60 min starting 3, 15, 30, 60 or 120 min after MCA occlusion. The hypotension associated with SIN-1 administration was controlled by i.v. administration of phenylephrine. At the end of the infusion, rats were extubated and allowed to recover. Infarct size was measured 24 h later on thionein-stained coronal brain sections by computer-assisted planimetry. SIN-1 infusion 3 min after MCA occlusion enhanced the recovery of CBF and EEG amplitude and reduced the size of the infarct by 30 +/- 11% (p < 0.05, analysis of variance). The reduction in infarct size by SIN-1 was still seen when SIN-1 was administered 15, 30, and 60 min after MCA occlusion (p < 0.05). However, administration of SIN-1 2 h after MCA occlusion did not affect the size of the infarct (p > 0.05). We conclude that posttreatment with SIN-1 is effective in reducing focal ischemic damage if this agent is administered up to 60 min after MCA occlusion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Extended phage-typing scheme for<i>Escherichia coli</i>0157:H7 (1990)

In Canada, the number of human isolates of verotoxigenic (VT + ve) Escherichia coli O157:H7 from diarrhoeal cases and haemolytic uraemic syndrome and haemorrhagic colitis has increased from 25 in 1982 to 2384 in 1989. A total of 3273 VT + ve E. coli O157:H7 strains (3255 strains isolated in Canada and 18 isolates from other countries) were phage typed. The phage typing scheme has been extended from 14 to 62 phage types. Of these, five types occurred exclusively in other countries (type 47 in Japan; and types 49, 50, 51 and 52 in the U.K.). Thirty-five different phage types were identified in Canada; only nine of these (1, 2, 4, 8, 14, 21, 23, 31 and 32), each accounted for more than 1% of the cases from human sources. The same nine types were the only ones observed among the isolates from non-human sources (meat and slaughter houses) suggesting a food-borne transmission in most of the human cases. Phage types 1 (30.5%); 4 (21%); 8 (13.5%); 31 (8.9%) and 14 (8%) were encountered in varying frequencies in most of the provinces; infrequently occurring phage types also showed regional variation. Thirteen different phage types were identified among 151 outbreaks representing 556 isolates of E. coli O157:H7. More than one phage type were encountered in 12 outbreaks whereas in 141 outbreaks, all strains in each, had the same phage type.