gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feeding and drinking (1987)

1.The study of ingestive behaviour: general issues (N.E. Rowland). 2. Analysis of feeding and drinking patterns (P.G. Clifton). 3. Operant methodologies for studying feeding and drinking (G. Collier). 4. Methods of investigating human eating behaviour (M. Hetherington and B.J. Rolls). 5. How to measure learned control of food or water intake (D.A. Booth). 6. Evaluating taste effects on ingestive behaviour (H.J. Grill, A.C. Spector, G.J. Schwartz, J.M. Kaplan and F.W. Flynn). 7. Development of ingestive behaviour (C.B. Phifer and W.G. Hall). 8. Drugs and hormones: their effects on ingestion (S.J. Cooper). 9. The neurochemistry of ingestion: chemical simulation of the brain and in vivo measurement of transmitter release (S.F. Leibowitz and R.D. Myers).10. Surgical methods in the study of ingestive behaviour (H.S. Koopmans). 11. Strategies for studying ingestive behaviour in large domestic and feral animals (K.A. and T.R. Houpt). 12. Some methods for investigating thirst and sodium appetite (J. Fitzsimons). 13. Diet selection: principles, rules and suggestions (T.W. Castonguay). 14. Physiological and biochemical measurements in relation to feeding (I. Ramirez). 15. Animal and human body fat changes: measurement and interpretation (T.J. Bartness). 16. Some conceptual and comparative aspects of body composition analysis (C.M. Pond). 17. The application of theory, modelling and simulation to feeding and drinking (F.M. Toates and R.A.S. Evans). Subject index.
The First Reported Case of Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain (1982)

The First Reported Case of Electrical Stimulation of the Human Brain Get access JAMES P. MORGAN JAMES P. MORGAN Department of Pharmacology, Mayo Medical School Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume XXXVII, Issue 1, January 1982, Pages 51–64, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/XXXVII.1.51 Published: 01 January 1982
Performance Management for the Dynamic Storage Tiering by Virtual Volume Clustering (2011)

In recent years, dynamic storage tiering has been proposed as one of the storage virtualization technologies. In this storage system, a volume is divided into sub-volumes, which can be migrated among different performance storage media according to the frequency of I/O operations, etc. This technology is expected to reduce the total storage media cost. But there is no method to assure a certain service level for the storage system. We discuss five requirements: (1) performance management of arbitrary volume granularity, (2) system scalability, (3) adaptability to unknown environments, (4) general versatility, (5) reducing a total storage media cost. To satisfy these five requirements, we propose a virtual volume clustering method and implement it in a simulation environment. By analyzing the simulation results, we summarize the three considerations for further improvement: (1) wide variation in target response time, (2) maintenance of service level, (3) migration of a large capacity volume. Based on these three considerations, we improve our proposal method. We show that our improved method is effective by an evaluation in a simulation environment.
Nitric Oxide, Oxygen, and Superoxide Formation and Consumption in Macrophages and Colonic Epithelial Cells (2010)

Knowledge of the rates at which macrophages and epithelial cells synthesize NO is critical for predicting the concentrations of NO and other reactive nitrogen species in colonic crypts during inflammation, and elucidating the linkage between inflammatory bowel disease, NO, and cancer. Macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells, primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM), and HCT116 colonic epithelial cells were subjected to simulated inflammatory conditions, and rates of formation and consumption were determined for NO, O(2), and O(2)(-). Production rates of NO were determined in either of two ways: continuous monitoring of NO concentrations in a closed chamber with corrections for autoxidation, or NO(2)(-) accumulation measurements in an open system with corrections for diffusional losses of NO. The results obtained using the two methods were in excellent agreement. Rates of NO synthesis (2.3 +/- 0.6 pmol s(-1) 10(6) cells(-1)), NO consumption (1.3 +/- 0.3 s(-1)), and O(2) consumption (59 +/- 17 pmol s(-1) 10(6) cells(-1) when NO is negligible) for activated BMDM were indistinguishable from those of activated RAW264.7 cells. NO production rates calculated from NO(2)(-) accumulation data for HCT116 cells infected with Helicobacter cinaedi (3.9 +/- 0.1 pmol s(-1) 10(6) cells(-1)) were somewhat greater than those of RAW264.7 macrophages infected under similar conditions (2.6 +/- 0.1 pmol s(-1) 10(6) cells(-1)). Thus, RAW264.7 cells have NO kinetics nearly identical to those of primary macrophages, and stimulated epithelial cells are capable of synthesizing NO at rates comparable to those of macrophages. Using these cellular kinetic parameters, simulations of NO diffusion and reaction in a colonic crypt during inflammation predict maximum NO concentrations of about 0.2 microM at the base of a crypt.
Non-Systematic Complex Number RS Coded OFDM by Unique Word Prefix (2011)

In this paper, we expand our recently introduced concept of unique word orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UW-OFDM). In UW-OFDM the cyclic prefixes (CPs) are replaced by deterministic sequences, the so-called unique words (UWs). The UWs are generated by appropriately loading a set of redundant subcarriers. By that a systematic complex number Reed-Solomon (RS) code construction is introduced in a quite natural way, because an RS code may be defined as the set of vectors, for which a block of successive zeros occurs in the other domain w.r.t. a discrete Fourier transform. (For a fixed block different to zero, i.e., a UW, a coset code of an RS code is generated.) A remaining problem in the original systematic coded UW-OFDM concept is the fact that the redundant subcarrier symbols disproportionately contribute to the mean OFDM symbol energy. In this paper we introduce the concept of non-systematic coded UW-OFDM, where the redundancy is no longer allocated to dedicated subcarriers, but distributed over all subcarriers. We derive optimum complex valued code generator matrices matched to the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) and to the linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) data estimator, respectively. With the help of simulations we highlight the advantageous spectral properties and the superior bit error ratio (BER) performance of non-systematic coded UW-OFDM compared to systematic coded UW-OFDM and to CP-OFDM in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN ) as well as in frequency selective environments.
Learning Syntactic Program Transformations from Examples (2017)

Automatic program transformation tools can be valuable for programmers to help them with refactoring tasks, and for Computer Science students in the form of tutoring systems that suggest repairs to programming assignments. However, manually creating catalogs of transformations is complex and time-consuming. In this paper, we present REFAZER, a technique for automatically learning program transformations. REFAZER builds on the observation that code edits performed by developers can be used as input-output examples for learning program transformations. Example edits may share the same structure but involve different variables and subexpressions, which must be generalized in a transformation at the right level of abstraction. To learn transformations, REFAZER leverages state-of-the-art programming-by-example methodology using the following key components: (a) a novel domain-specific language (DSL) for describing program transformations, (b) domain-specific deductive algorithms for efficiently synthesizing transformations in the DSL, and (c) functions for ranking the synthesized transformations. We instantiate and evaluate REFAZER in two domains. First, given examples of code edits used by students to fix incorrect programming assignment submissions, we learn program transformations that can fix other students' submissions with similar faults. In our evaluation conducted on 4 programming tasks performed by 720 students, our technique helped to fix incorrect submissions for 87% of the students. In the second domain, we use repetitive code edits applied by developers to the same project to synthesize a program transformation that applies these edits to other locations in the code. In our evaluation conducted on 56 scenarios of repetitive edits taken from three large C# open-source projects, REFAZER learns the intended program transformation in 84% of the cases using only 2.9 examples on average.
Control and path prediction of an Automate Guided Vehicle (2008)

In this paper a control strategy of Automate Guided Vehicle (AGV) is proposed. The vehicle movement controlled by an inboard PLC do not need physical guide. The vehicle has 3 wheels. The front wheel is used for steering and driving. The 2 rear wheels are free and equipped with 2 encoders. The strategy is based on 2 main purposes: the path is stored in the PLC memory and the vehicle displacement is calculated form the wheel rotation measurement. The comparison between the required path and the actual position of the AGV allow calculating deviation error. Function of this error, a correction strategy of driving speed and steering angle is applied in order to get a smooth and precise displacement. Mobile vehicles must know its position and orientation in order to movement to reach the goals precisely. We describe localization techniques for AGV that is based on the principle of Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithm estimation. This paper also addresses the problems of factory navigation and modeling with focus on keeping automatic travelling along the control path of the AGV. Position and orientation is measured by using encoder sensor on driving and steering axes. The control and localization systems are developed. Reference path and observation measurement are matched. To keep track of the matching result of both positions, the estimated position information used to update the vehicle’s position by using the Kalman Filtering (KF) algorithm. Test performance is verified with accurate positioning control by simulation and experimentation.
Lectin Activity in <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> trophozoites (1980)

A lectin (carbohydrate-binding protein) has been found in extracts of a number of axenically grown trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica strains. The strains grown in TYI-S-33 medium (Diamond et al., Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hyg. 72: 431-432, 1978) were HK-9, 200:NIH, and HM-1:IMSS. Strain HU-1:MUSC (HSC) was grown monoxenically in the same medium. The amoebic lectin agglutinated glutaraldehyde-fixed erythrocytes. This activity was pH dependent and heat and oxidation sensitive, and was destroyed by proteolysis upon autoincubation. The relative agglutinating potency of the different strains of amoebae was investigated. Strain HSC had the highest specific activity (210 U/mg of protein), and strain HM-1 had the lowest (14 U/mg). One unit of hemagglutinating activity is defined as the amount of lectin present in 1 ml of extract which will agglutinate 1 ml of 4% erythrocytes. Upon subcellular fractionation of the lectin present in extracts of strain HK-9, two-thirds of the activity was detected in the soluble, nonsedimentable (100,000 x g, 60 min) fraction. Partial hydrolysate of chitin was found to inhibit the hemagglutinating activity. Among the oligosaccharides of N-acetylglucosamine, the trimer and tetramer were the most potent inhibitors. The lectin was purified approximately 300-fold by a one-step affinity chromatography on a chitin column. The loading and elution from the column were based on the pH dependence of the lectin activity.
Complex metal hydride reduction of carbon-carbon unsaturation. I. Sodium borohydride reduction of .alpha.-phenylcinnamates and related systems (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComplex metal hydride reduction of carbon-carbon unsaturation. I. Sodium borohydride reduction of .alpha.-phenylcinnamates and related systemsJ. Herman Schauble, Gerald J. Walter, and J. Guy MorinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 6, 755–760Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00920a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00920a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views424Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
QD-AMVA: Evaluating systems with queue-dependent service requirements (2015)

Workload measurements in enterprise systems often lead to observe a dependence between the number of requests running at a resource and their mean service requirements. However, multiclass performance models that feature these dependences are challenging to analyze, a fact that discourages practitioners from characterizing workload dependences. We here focus on closed multiclass queueing networks and introduce QD-AMVA, the first approximate mean-value analysis (AMVA) algorithm that can efficiently and robustly analyze queue-dependent service times in a multiclass setting. A key feature of QD-AMVA is that it operates on mean values, avoiding the computation of state probabilities. This property is an innovative result for state-dependent models, which increases the computational efficiency and numerical robustness of their evaluation. Extensive validation on random examples, a cloud load-balancing case study and comparison with a fluid method and an existing AMVA approximation prove that QD-AMVA is efficient, robust and easy to apply, thus enhancing the tractability of queue-dependent models.
Computing in the RAIN: a reliable array of independent nodes (2001)

The RAIN project is a research collaboration between Caltech and NASA-JPL on distributed computing and data-storage systems for future spaceborne missions. The goal of the project is to identify and develop key building blocks for reliable distributed systems built with inexpensive off-the-shelf components. The RAIN platform consists of a heterogeneous cluster of computing and/or storage nodes connected via multiple interfaces to networks configured in fault-tolerant topologies. The RAIN software components run in conjunction with operating system services and standard network protocols. Through software-implemented fault tolerance, the system tolerates multiple node, link, and switch failures, with no single point of failure. The RAIN-technology has been transferred to Rainfinity, a start-up company focusing on creating clustered solutions for improving the performance and availability of Internet data centers. In this paper, we describe the following contributions: 1) fault-tolerant interconnect topologies and communication protocols providing consistent error reporting of link failures, 2) fault management techniques based on group membership, and 3) data storage schemes based on computationally efficient error-control codes. We present several proof-of-concept applications: a highly-available video server, a highly-available Web server, and a distributed checkpointing system. Also, we describe a commercial product, Rainwall, built with the RAIN technology.
Cost effective multi-pulse transformer solutions for harmonic mitigation in AC drives (2004)

More and more AC drive installations are requiring manufacturer's to improve line side harmonics to ultimately meet IEEE Harmonic Std 519-1992 on site. This paper reveals several patented transformer topologies for such an effort. Compared with other harmonic solutions, auto and isolated transformers possess advantages as being simple, reliable, minimal line resonance problems and relatively cost effective. The proposed nine and twelve-phase auto-transformers can be viewed as a polygon winding type, where besides achieving an improved input current harmonics, junction points among various windings along the polygon can be wired out for step-down, unity and step-up voltage transfers. When electrically isolated primary windings are added, unlimited transfer ratio is available for every application. Application of these new industrial transformer devices, along with simple power diode energy conversion methods, result in a robust and reliable system that provides good DC bus regulation for AC drives utilizing a common DC bus configuration. The proposed topologies also provide a high AC input power factor and minimize harmonic currents to the utility interface. The paper provides technical analysis and field site data on the new topologies, as well as per unit metric comparison to other harmonic mitigation techniques versus horsepower size.
Displacement Damage in MOS Transistors (1965)

The changes in MOS device characteristics produced by neutron irradiation from the Northrop TRIGA reactor have been observed. Three damage mechanisms have been identified: an increase in net surface state density, a decrease in substrate resistivity, and a decrease in carrier mobility in the channel. The surface effect is usually dominant, although the bulk resistivity effect becomes increasingly important as the resistivity of the substrate is decreased. An exact closed form expression for the turn-on voltage has been derived by obtaining a solution to Poisson's equation in the gate region. The open circuit gate to substrate capacitance as afunction of gate to substrate voltage has been obtained by numerical integration techniques in terms of the charge density and dielectric constants present in the SiO2 layer and Si substrate. For both enhancement and depletion devices, an increase in positive charge density was apparent in the oxide region. It is postulated that the observedincrease in positive charge density is due to creation of mobile positive ions, and that the decreasing net accumulation rate with increasing flux is due to a diffusion or recombination process competing with the creation process. On this basis, a rate effect is expected.
Benefits of a Higher Octane Standard Gasoline for the U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Fleet (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper explores the benefits that would be achieved if gasoline marketers produced and offered a higher-octane gasoline to the U.S. consumer market as the standard grade. By raising octane, engine knock constraints are reduced, so that new spark-ignition engines can be designed with higher compression ratios and boost levels. Consequently, engine and vehicle efficiencies are improved thus reducing fuel consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for the light-duty vehicle (LDV) fleet over time. The main objective of this paper is to quantify the reduction in fuel consumption and GHG emissions that would result for a given increase in octane number if new vehicles designed to use this higher-octane gasoline are deployed.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">GT-Power simulations and a literature review are used to determine the relative brake efficiency gain that is possible as compression ratio is increased. Engine-in-vehicle drive-cycle simulations are then performed in Autonomie to determine an effective, on-the-road vehicle efficiency gain. With the possible efficiency gain determined at an individual vehicle level, a fleet model is then used to calculate the aggregate benefit for the LDV fleet. Our simulations indicate that roughly 69% of all LDVs on the road by 2040 will be of this higher-octane variety that uses premium gasoline (98 or 100 RON). Meanwhile, premium gasoline is projected to account for approximately 80% of the total gasoline demand by 2040. Ultimately by redesigning vehicles to take advantage of premium gasoline, fleet fuel consumption and GHG emissions can be reduced by 4.5-6.0% over the baseline case, where no additional higher-octane vehicles are introduced.</div></div>
A Magnetic Flowmeter for Recording Cardiac Output (1959)

The cardiac output flow pulse (less coronary flow) can be recorded with a magnetic flowmeter applied to the unopened ascending aorta, provided: 1) the extremely large EKG potentials in this region are rejected, 2) the flowmeter is phase-sensitive, and 3) the over-all instrument response is uniform from zero to 100 cps. These requirements are fulfilled by the instrument described through the use of the square-wave method recently introduced by A. B. Denison, and by using a high switching frequency (480 cps), an input high-pass filter, and a double-balanced demodulator. Two output channels of suitable response provide for simultaneous recording of instantaneous and mean flow. Each pickup sleeve is calibrated in vitro in terms of microvolts per flow rate. An electrical series calibrator provides the operational calibration. Past methods are reviewed and circuit details and design considerations are discussed.
Pharmacological activities of extracts of <i>Daniellia oliveri</i> (Rolfe) Hutch. and Dalz. (Leguminosae) (1995)

Abstract Extracts of the stem bark of Daniellia oliveri using hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol were tested for analgesic, antipyretic and antiinflammatory activities. The hexane extract exhibited a dose related analgesic activity whilst the methanolic extract was active in the induced inflammatory condition. The ethyl acetate extract was relatively inactive and none of the extracts showed any antipyretic activity. Metabolic cage studies showed that a 70% ethanolic extract of the bark caused significant decreases in body weight, food intake, urine and stool output of rats. This extract also exhibited a competitive antagonism on histamine‐induced contractions of the guinea‐pig ileum and a non‐competitive inhibition of acetyl choline‐induced contraction of the frog rectus abdominis muscle.