gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute measurement of the transient optical nonlinearity in N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>, N<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O, and Ar (2012)

The absolute time-dependent nonlinear response of O${}_{2}$, N${}_{2}$, N${}_{2}$O, and Ar to intense nonionizing, ultrashort optical pump pulses is measured with single-shot spectral interferometry. The instantaneous and delayed rotational responses are distinguished as a function of pump-pulse duration and probe central wavelength. Our measurements are central to the modeling and understanding of nonlinear propagation of intense ultrashort laser pulses in gases.
Selective growth of graphene in layer-by-layer via chemical vapor deposition (2016)

Selective and precise control of the layer number of graphene remains a critical issue for the practical applications of graphene. First, it is highly challenging to grow a continuous and uniform few-layer graphene since once the monolayer graphene fully covers a copper (Cu) surface, the growth of the second layer stops, resulting in mostly nonhomogeneous films. Second, from the selective adlayer growth point of view, there is no clear pathway for achieving this. We have developed the selective growth of a graphene adlayer in layer-by-layer via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) which makes it possible to stack graphene on a specific position. The key idea is to deposit a thin Cu layer (∼40 nm thick) on pre-grown monolayer graphene and to apply additional growth. The thin Cu atop the graphene/Cu substrate acts as a catalyst to decompose methane (CH4) gas during the additional growth. The adlayer is grown selectively on the pre-grown graphene, and the thin Cu is removed through evaporation during CVD, eventually forming large-area and uniform double layer graphene. With this technology, highly uniform graphene films with precise thicknesses of 1 to 5 layers and graphene check patterns with 1 to 3 layers were successfully demonstrated. This method provides precise LBL growth for a uniform graphene film and a technique for the design of new graphene devices.
Quality of Life After Stroke (1995)

There is only a weak relationship between lesion laterality and QL. Survivors of hemorrhagic strokes do not evidence more QL impairment than survivors of ischemic strokes. Stroke per se is not unequivocally followed by emotional discomfort. In addition to stroke type, patient and clinical characteristics are also important in explaining impaired QL patterns.
A manually-labeled, artery/vein classified benchmark for the DRIVE dataset (2013)

The classification of retinal vessels into arteries and veins is an important step for the analysis of retinal vascular trees, for which the scientists have proposed several classification methods. An obvious concern regarding the strength of these methodologies is the closeness of the result of a particular method to the gold standard. Unfortunately, the research community lacks benchmarks, resulting in increased subjective error, biased opinion and an uncertain progress. This paper introduces a manually-labeled, artery/vein categorized gold standard image database, as an extension of the most widely used image set DRIVE. The labeling criterion is set after a careful analysis of the physiological facts about the retinal vascular system. In addition, the labeling process also includes several versions of original images to get certainty. A two-step validation phase consists of verification from the trained computer vision observers and a professional ophthalmologist, followed by a comparison with a gold standard set for the junction locations introduced in V4-Like filters. Our gold standard is in highly reliable form; offers research community for the result comparison and progress evaluation.
Structural and Functional Analysis of the Pyocyanin Biosynthetic Protein PhzM from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i><sup>,</sup> (2007)

Pyocyanin is a biologically active phenazine produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is thought to endow P. aeruginosa with a competitive growth advantage in colonized tissue and is also thought to be a virulence factor in diseases such as cystic fibrosis and AIDS where patients are commonly infected by pathogenic Pseudomonads due to their immunocompromised state. Pyocyanin is also a chemically interesting compound due to its unusual oxidation-reduction activity. Phenazine-1-carboxylic acid, the precursor to the bioactive phenazines, is synthesized from chorismic acid by enzymes encoded in a seven-gene cistron in P. aeruginosa and in other Pseudomonads. Phenzine-1-carboxylic acid is believed to be converted to pyocyanin by the sequential actions of the putative S-adenosylmethionine-dependent N-methyltransferase PhzM and the putative flavin-dependent hydroxylase PhzS. Here we report the 1.8 A crystal structure of PhzM determined by single anomalous dispersion. Unlike many methyltransferases, PhzM is a dimer in solution. The 36 kDa PhzM polypeptide folds into three domains. The C-terminal domain exhibits the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold typical of small molecule methyltransferases. Two smaller N-terminal domains form much of the dimer interface. Structural alignments with known methyltransferases show that PhzM is most similar to the plant O-methyltransferases that are characterized by an unusual intertwined dimer interface. The structure of PhzM contains no ligands, and the active site is open and solvent-exposed when compared to structures of similar enzymes. In vitro experiments using purified PhzM alone demonstrate that it has little or no ability to methylate phenzine-1-carboxylic acid. However, when the putative hydroxylase PhzS is included, pyocyanin is readily produced. This observation suggests that a mechanism has evolved in P. aeruginosa that ensures efficient production of pyocyanin via the prevention of the formation and release of an unstable and potentially deleterious intermediate.
Methods and techniques for the evaluation of user-adaptive systems (2005)

This article presents a comprehensive overview of methods and techniques used for the evaluation of user-adaptive systems. It describes the methodologies derived both from the evaluation of human–computer interaction systems and from information retrieval and information filtering systems by giving examples of the application of these methodologies in the user-adaptive systems. The state of the art and the main results in the evaluation of these systems are reported. In particular, empirical evaluation and layered approaches are discussed in detail. Finally, focus on less explored methodologies, such as qualitative approaches (e.g. Grounded Theory), is proposed.
Highly reflective thin film coatings for high power applications of micro scanning mirrors in the NIR-VIS-UV spectral region (2005)

This paper addresses different highly reflective optical coatings on micro scanning mirrors (MSM) for applications in the NIR-VIS-UV-spectral region to enable new applications at high optical power density like laser marking and material treatment. In the common case of MSM with an unprotected Al coating, the absorption limits the maximal power density because of induced heating. In contrast to macroscopic optics HR-micro mirror coatings have to guarantee additional demands like low-stress and CMOS compatibility. Hence, to enable novel high power applications of MSM in the NIR-VIS-UV spectral region highly reflective low-stress coatings have been developed according to a triple strategy: (a) broadband metallic reflectors, (b) dielectric multilayers and (c) enhanced hybrid coatings. For Au and Ag based NIR-coatings an excellent mirror planarity and a reflectance around 99 % (@ 1064 nm) have been achieved, whereas dielectric coatings reached 99.7 % for a (LH)<sup>4</sup> design and thinner low-stress hybrid NIR-coatings reached up to 99.8% enabling an improved mirror planarity and excellent laser damage threshold. For the VIS and UV spectral region enhanced hybrid HR-coatings have been favored, because they enable high reflectance of up to 99.7 % @ 633 nm or 98.8 % @ 308 nm in combination with low stress, high mirror planarity and CMOS compatibility.
Metrics to evaluate vendor-developed software based on test case execution results (2002)

Various business considerations have led a growing number of organizations to rely on external vendors to develop software for their needs. Much of the day-to-day data from vendors are not available to the vendee, and typically the vendee organization ends up with its own system or acceptance test to validate the software. The 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney was one such project in which IBM evaluated vendor-delivered code to ensure that all elements of a highly complex system could be integrated successfully. The readiness of the vendor-delivered code was evaluated based primarily on the actual test execution results. New metrics were derived to measure the degree of risk associated with a variety of test case failures such as functionality not enabled, bad fixes, and defects not fixed during successive iterations. The relationship of these metrics to the actual cause was validated through explicit communications with the vendor and the subsequent actions to improve the quality and completeness of the delivered code. This paper describes how these metrics can be derived from the execution data and used in a software project execution environment. Even though we have applied these metrics in a vendor-related project, the underlying concepts are useful to many software projects.
Fragment-Based Substrate Activity Screening Method for the Identification of Potent Inhibitors of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Phosphatase PtpB (2007)

A new substrate-based fragment approach for the identification of novel PTP inhibitors is presented. This method was applied to Mycobacterium tuberculosis PtpB, a promising new target for the treatment of tuberculosis. This resulted in the development of the most potent PtpB inhibitor reported to date (0.22 μM) with low molecular weight and good selectivity against a panel of other protein tyrosine phosphatases.
Detecting and tracking people by mobile robot using structured light range sensor (2005)

An effective human-robot interaction is essential for wide penetration of mobile home robots into the market. The ability to track human in the home environment is one of fundamental functions of home robots. In this paper, we introduce a prototype of Samsung home robot (SHR) developed by Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology (SAIT) and present a scheme of tracking user movement utilizing a structured light range sensor. The structured light range sensor is considered to be cost-effective and robust for a wide range of environment; however, its low resolution of range data tends to extract wrong features for the human tracking, such as table legs, trash cans, door-edges, etc. To compromise this weakness, we have developed an algorithm that excludes those features that do not come from human legs. Efficacy and robustness of this proposed system were examined through experiments in the real home environment.
PROTEIN PURIFICATION APPLICATIONS: A PRACTICAL APPROACH. (2004)

Fusion Protein Purification Methods Initial Purification of Inclusion Bodies Purification for Crystallography Purification from Mammalian Cell Culture Purification from Microbial Cell Culture Purification from Milk Purification from Animal Tissue Protein Purification from Plant Sources
A sub‐0.5 μm bilevel lithographic process using the deep‐UV electron‐beam resist p(si‐cms) (1989)

Abstract Optimization of the deep‐UV and electron‐beam lithographic properties of a copolymer of trimethylsilylmethyl methacrylate (SI) and chloromethylstyrene (CMS), P(SI‐CMS), within a weight average molecular weight range of 1.4 to 4.1 × 10 5 and 90 to 93 mole percent SI composition has been achieved. The solubility behavior of P(SI‐CMS) resist was examined using the Hansen 3‐dimensional solubility parameter model and dissolution rate measurements. Swelling of the resist has been minimized through the identification of a single component developer (2‐propanol) and rinse (water) system. For the material containing 90 mole percent SI (14.9 weight percent Si) and M̄ ω = 1.4 × 10 5 , the sensitivity to 248 nm radiation is 65 mJ/cm 2 and to electron‐beam exposure is 3.4 μC/cm 2 at 20 kV. This material Is applicable to bilevel lithographic processes, and the O 2 reactive ion etching (RIE) rate is 16 times slower than standard hard‐baked photoresist. Using a He/O 2 (60/40) RIE pattern transfer process, 0.4 μm line/space patterns have been resolved in a 1.3 μm bilayer structure for deep‐UV exposures, and 0.25 μm imaging has been demonstrated in a 0.7 μm thick planarizing layer using electron beam irradiation. The loss in linewidth associated with the 0.25 μm process is ∼0.04 μm.
TUSC2 Immunogene Therapy Synergizes with Anti–PD-1 through Enhanced Proliferation and Infiltration of Natural Killer Cells in Syngeneic <i>Kras</i> -Mutant Mouse Lung Cancer Models (2018)

Expression of the multikinase inhibitor encoded by the tumor suppressor gene <i>TUSC2</i> (also known as <i>FUS1</i>) is lost or decreased in non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). TUSC2 delivered systemically by nanovesicles has mediated tumor regression in clinical trials. Because of the role of TUSC2 in regulating immune cells, we assessed TUSC2 efficacy on antitumor immune responses alone and in combination with anti-PD-1 in two <i>Kras</i>-mutant syngeneic mouse lung cancer models. TUSC2 alone significantly reduced tumor growth and prolonged survival compared with anti-PD-1. When combined, this effect was significantly enhanced, and correlated with a pronounced increases in circulating and splenic natural killer (NK) cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and a decrease in regulatory T cells (Tregs), myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), and T-cell checkpoint receptors PD-1, CTLA-4, and TIM-3. TUSC2 combined with anti-PD-1 induced tumor infiltrating more than NK and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and fewer MDSCs and Tregs than each agent alone, both in subcutaneous tumor and in lung metastases. NK-cell depletion abrogated the antitumor effect and Th1-mediated immune response of this combination, indicating that NK cells mediate TUSC2/anti-PD-1 synergy. Release of IL15 and IL18 cytokines and expression of the IL15Rα chain and IL18R1 were associated with NK-cell activation by TUSC2. Immune response-related gene expression in the tumor microenvironment was altered by combination treatment. These data provide a rationale for immunogene therapy combined with immune checkpoint blockade in the treatment of NSCLC. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(2); 163-77. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Dietary clays alleviate diarrhea of weaned pigs1 (2011)

Two experiments were conducted to determine whether 3 different clays in the nursery diet reduce diarrhea of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic Escherichia coli. Weaned pigs (21 d old) were housed in individual pens of disease containment chambers for 16 d [4 d before and 12 d after the first challenge (d 0)]. The treatments were in a factorial arrangement: 1) with or without an E. coli challenge (F-18 E. coli strain; heat-labile, heat-stable, and Shiga-like toxins; 1010 cfu/3 mL oral dose daily for 3 d from d 0) and 2) dietary treatments. The ADG, ADFI, and G:F were measured for each interval (d 0 to 6, 6 to 12, and 0 to 12). Diarrhea score (DS; 1 = normal; 5 = watery diarrhea) was recorded for each pig daily. Feces were collected on d 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 and plated on blood agar to differentiate β-hemolytic coliforms (HC) from total coliforms (TC) and on MacConkey agar to verify E. coli. Their populations on blood agar were assessed visually using a score (0 = no growth; 8 = very heavy bacterial growth) and expressed as a ratio of HC to TC scores (RHT). Blood was collected on d 0, 6, and 12 to measure total and differential white blood cell (WBC) counts, packed cell volume (PCV), and total protein (TP). In Exp. 1 (8 treatments; 6 replicates), 48 pigs (6.9 ± 1.0 kg of BW) and 4 diets [a nursery control diet (CON), CON + 0.3% smectite (SM), CON + 0.6% SM, and CON until d 0 and then CON + 0.3% SM] were used. The SM treatments did not affect growth rate of the pigs for the overall period. In the E. coli challenged group, the SM treatments reduced DS for the overall period (1.77 vs. 2.01; P < 0.05) and RHT on d 6 (0.60 vs. 0.87; P < 0.05) and d 9 (0.14 vs. 0.28; P = 0.083), and altered differential WBC on d 6 (neutrophils, 48 vs. 39%, P = 0.092; lymphocytes, 49 vs. 58%, P = 0.082) compared with the CON treatment. In Exp. 2 (16 treatments; 8 replicates), 128 pigs (6.7 ± 0.8 kg of BW) and 8 diets [CON and 7 clay treatments (CON + 0.3% SM, kaolinite, and zeolite individually and all possible combinations to total 0.3% of the diet)] were used. The clay treatments did not affect growth rate of the pigs. In the E. coli challenged group, the clay treatments reduced DS for the overall period (1.63 vs. 3.00; P < 0.05), RHT on d 9 (0.32 vs. 0.76; P < 0.05) and d 12 (0.13 vs. 0.39; P = 0.094), and total WBC on d 6 (15.2 vs. 17.7 × 103/μL; P = 0.069) compared with the control treatment. In conclusion, dietary clays alleviated diarrhea of weaned pigs.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Alkylsilane Stationary-Phase Order and Disorder. 2. Effects of Temperature and Chain Length (2005)

In an effort to elucidate the molecular-level structural features that control shape-selective separations, we have investigated the molecular dynamics of chromatographic models that represent both monomeric and polymeric stationary phases with alkylsilane length and temperature conditions analogous to actual materials of low to high shape selectivity. The structural characterization of these models is consistent with previous experimental observations of alkyl chain order and disorder: alkyl chain order increases both with alkyl chain length and with reduced temperature. Models that represent shape-selective reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) phases possess a significant region of distal end chain order with primarily trans dihedral angle conformations; the extension of these ordered regions into the phase increases with an increase in chain length. Models with extended chain length (C30) possess a higher degree of conformational order and are relatively insensitive to changes in surface coverage, bonding chemistry, and temperature. Chromatography models of various chain lengths and over a temperature range that represents highly shape-selective RPLC stationary phases all contain a series of well-defined and rigid cavities; the size and depth of these "slots" increase for the C30 models, which may promote the enhanced separations of larger size shape-constrained solutes, such as carotenoids.
Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nano-octahedrons on Ni foam as an efficient three-dimensional oxygen evolution electrocatalyst (2015)

A Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Ni foam electrode prepared by a facile method exhibits excellent electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen evolution reaction.
When renal allografts turn darc1 (2003)

This is the first study that demonstrates an induction of a chemokine-binding protein at the site of C4d deposition in humoral allograft rejection. The additive effect of humoral and cellular rejection on DARC expression might imply different pathways of DARC induction for different forms of allograft rejection.
Delayed cutaneous wound healing in Fam129b/Minerva-deficient mice (2012)

A recent integrative analysis using a phosphoproteomic approach identified FAM129B, also known as MINERVA, as a downstream effector of the MAP kinase pathway in human melanoma cells. FAM129B protein, which is a member of a small family of proteins, was also found to suppress TNFα/cycloheximide-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells. To investigate the physiological functions of Fam129b in vivo, we generated gene-targeted Fam129b-mutant mice in which, the amino terminal coding exon was replaced by lacZ. We found that homozygous mutant mice are viable and fertile and that Fam129b is considerably expressed in most of the epidermal keratinocytes of both embryonic and adult mice. Although no gross defect was observed in the skin of the Fam129b-deficient mice, wound healing subsequent to skin puncturing was significantly delayed. Furthermore, overexpression of Fam129b promoted HaCaT cell motility in an N-terminal pleckstrin homology domain-dependent manner, but not proliferation. Microarray analysis of the Fam129b transfectant exhibited substantial upregulation of several genes related to wound repair and cell motility. These results suggest that expression of Fam129b in epidermal keratinocytes accompanied by alteration of wound healing-related gene expression is necessary for regulation of cell motility and thereby, contributes to the appropriate wound healing process.
An evaluation of crossmatching, HLA, and ABO matching for platelet transfusions to refractory patients (1987)

Abstract Refractoriness occurs in many patients receiving multiple platelet transfusions. We used a sensitive ELISA assay to assess the utility of crossmatching HLA-A,B matched single donor platelets in 51 consecutive, typical refractory patients. Of the 222 transfusions evaluated at 1 to 4 hours posttransfusion, only 17 of 54 (31%) with positive crossmatches had corrected platelet count increments of greater than or equal to 7,500/microL. In contrast, 95 of 168 (57%) of those with negative crossmatches had such increments (P less than .001). Regardless of the results of the crossmatch, HLA-A,B, and ABO matching had independent influences on transfusion outcome. The median corrected 1- to 4-hour increment for crossmatch negative transfusions was 13,300/microL for A/BU grade matches, 9,700 for BX, and 7,800 for C. Increments were 10,000/microL for ABO-identical transfusions and 5,900 for transfusions of platelets ABO incompatible with the recipient's plasma antibodies. When the donor platelets were ABO compatible, but the donor plasma contained ABO antibodies to the recipient's platelets, the increment was intermediate (8,200/microL). The most important factor in predicting platelet survival was the crossmatch, followed by HLA-A,B and ABO, each having independent predictive value. These data demonstrate that the predictive value of a negative crossmatch may be considerably less than that reported in previous studies with stable, less ill patients. In typical refractory patients, there appear to be mechanisms of platelet destruction that are related to HLA-A,B and ABO but are not detected with current crossmatch methods. We hypothesize that soluble plasma HLA-A,B and ABO antigens contribute to the destruction of donor and sometimes recipient platelets by an immune complex or other “innocent bystander” mechanism. With our crossmatching technique, HLA-A,B and ABO match grades remain relevant to platelet transfusion therapy in some refractory patients.