gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The autocatalytic processing of the subtilisin Carlsberg pro‐region is independent of the primary structure of the cleavage site (1992)

Subtilisins are extracellular seryl-proteases produced by bacilli (Markland and Emil, 1971). In addition to signal sequences, these proteases have N-terminal extensions (pro-regions) which have also been identified in several other proteases (Silen et al., 1988; Vasantha et al., 1984; Polhner et al., 1987; Henderson et al., 1987; Yanagida et al., 1986; Takagi et al., 1985). The pro-region holds the pro-protease associated with the membrane and release of the protease takes place as a result of pro-region removal by autocatalytic processing (Egnell and Flock, 1991). In this report we describe the construction of four deletion-mutations in the gene encoding subtilisin Carlsberg at the junction between the pro-region and mature subtilisin Carlsberg. We found that the introduction of different deletions abolished the ability of subtilisin to undergo autocatalytic cleavage of the pro-region in cis, whereas cleavage by exogenous subtilisin could still occur in trans. Point mutations were also introduced in positions -5 to +4 around the pro-region and native subtilisin cleavage site. Processing of pro-subtilisin with the point mutations showed that the autocatalytic cleavage and recognition of this junction of the subtilisin Carlsberg pro-region is independent of the amino acid sequence around the cleavage site.
Thermal Stability in Textured CoFe/IrMn Films with Os Buffer and Barrier Layer (2006)

In this paper, the characteristics of the osmium (Os) in textured CoFe/IrMn magnetic film multilayer structure system is investigated and the characteristics of buffer layer and diffusion barrier is also reported. To examine the magnetic behavior, magneto-optical Kerr effect (MOKE) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) are used and XRD is used to examine the crystal structure. As a result, a textured Ta/CoFe/Os(d)/IrMn is successfully grown on Os(0002)/Cu(002) seed layer by MMES method and at high temperature Os barrier stabilizes the CoFe/IrMn. Also, the exchange field is shown to vary with annealing temperature and Os thickness, and, no exchange bias is observed with dges1 nm.
Green software development model: An approach towards sustainable software development (2011)

The Software development lifecycle (SDLC) currently focuses on systematic execution and maintenance of software by dividing the software development process into various phases that include requirements-gathering, design, implementation, testing, deployment and maintenance. The problem here is that certain important decisions taken in these phases like use of paper, generation of e-Waste, power consumption and increased carbon foot print by means of travel, Air-conditioning etc may harm the environment directly or indirectly. There is a dearth of models that define how a software can be developed and maintained in an environment friendly way. This paper discusses the changes in the existing SDLC and suggests appropriate steps which can lead to lower carbon emissions, power and paper use, thus helping organizations to move towards greener and sustainable software development.
Improvement of the spherical mirror analyzer (1990)

With the use of some obstacle rings and a set of retarding grids, the resolution of the prototype spherical mirror analyzer, which has been developed in a previous paper [H. Daimon, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 59, 545 (1988)], was improved. The uniformity of the resolution with respect to the emission angle was also achieved. Some examples of electron energy-loss spectra and XPS spectrum were presented.
Oligonucleotide-linked gold nanoparticle aggregates for enhanced sensitivity in lateral flow assays (2013)

Lateral flow assays (LFAs) as rapid analytical techniques promise to be widely used in point-of-care (POC) diagnostics because of their affordability and simplicity. However, LFAs still suffer from low sensitivity in detection of various biomarkers, e.g., nucleic acids. In this study, we developed a simple and general one-step signal amplification strategy, which employed oligonucleotide-linked gold nanoparticle (AuNP) aggregates to enhance the sensitivity in nucleic acid lateral flow (NALF) assays. Using a nucleic acid sequence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as a model analyte, we observed that the detection limit of the developed NALF assay was 0.1 nM, which was improved by 2.5-fold compared with that of a non-signal amplification approach. The methodology described here could be used to detect a broad range of nucleic acids, and the general signal amplification approach could be potentially adopted in other types of LFAs.
Expression Profile of Maize (Zea mays L.) Embryonic Axes During Germination: Translational Regulation of Ribosomal Protein mRNAs (2011)

Seed germination is a critical developmental period for plant propagation. Information regarding gene expression within this important period is relevant for understanding the main biochemical processes required for successful germination, particularly in maize, one of the most important cereals in the world. The present research focuses on the global microarray analysis of differential gene expression between quiescent and germinated maize embryo stages. This analysis revealed that a large number of mRNAs stored in the quiescent embryonic axes (QEAs) were differentially regulated during germination in the 24 h germinated embryonic axes (GEAs). These genes belong to 14 different functional categories and most of them correspond to metabolic processes, followed by transport, transcription and translation. Interestingly, the expression of mRNAs encoding ribosomal proteins [(r)-proteins], required for new ribosome formation during this fast-growing period, remains mostly unchanged throughout the germination process, suggesting that these genes are not regulated at the transcriptional level during this developmental period. To investigate this issue further, comparative microarray analyses on polysomal mRNAs from growth-stimulated and non-stimulated GEAs were performed. The results revealed that (r)-protein mRNAs accumulate to high levels in polysomes of the growth-stimulated tissues, indicating a translational control mechanism to account for the rapid (r)-protein synthesis observed within this period. Bioinformatic analysis of (r)-protein mRNAs showed that 5' TOP (tract of pyrimidines)-like sequences are present only in the 5'-untranslated region set of up-regulated (r)-protein mRNAs. This overall approach to the germination process allows an in-depth view of molecular changes, enabling a broader understanding of the regulatory mechanisms that occur during this process.
Effectiveness of an anti‐inflammatory drug, loxoprofen, for patients with nocturia (2005)

Loxoprofen can be effective and useful for patients with nocturia. Our data suggest that the main mechanism of this effect is to decrease urine production during a night's sleep.
Measurement of renal dimensions in vivo: A critical appraisal (2011)

Kidney volume is regarded as the most precise indicator of kidney size. However, volume assessment is not widely used clinically because its measurement is difficult due to the complex kidney shape. Apart from the conventional methods of measurement of renal dimensions from X-rays, ultrasound scan, computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging have evolved as the three best modalities for this purpose currently. Assessment of kidney size should also be made individually since many factors like body mass index, height, gender, age, position of kidneys, sex, stenoses and number of renal arteries influence the measurements. In this paper, we have critically analysed the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of renal morphometry, by reviewing the literature spanning over the period of 1976 - 2009.
Extrusion of testosterone pellets: a randomized controlled clinical study (1999)

The pellet washing procedure used during implantation does not reduce the subsequent extrusion rate. The higher rate of both primary and secondary adverse events in this prospective study compared with the previous retrospective survey may reflect either more rigorous follow-up or a secular trend.
Develop Precision Docking Function for Bus Operation (2003)

This project is a one-and-half year research and experimental effort to investigate the implementation of the precision docking system on a bus and to demonstrate that the system can provide superior docking accuracy. Since a bus cannot be secured for docking experiments during the period of the project, the Buick LeSabre test vehicle was used to further the docking system development. The work included (1) complete control analysis and integrate docking algorithm with lane-keeping algorithm; (2) software development that integrated the modularized new signal processing algorithm with the docking control algorithm structure; (3) steering actuator performance/component requirements for the automated docking function; (4) feasibility investigation of using driver guidance display for docking maneuver via a driver-in-the-loop display simulator; (5) formulation of the automated-manual transitioning problem and the design of a transition controller; (6) demonstration of precision docking. The research completed under this project contributed to three sets of deliverables: (1) a final report which presents the analysis and experimental results of the development of the integrated lateral control system based on the magnetic marker for both precision docking and lane-assist functions, (2) requirements for steering actuator design, and (3) demonstrations of precision docking and lane-assist control using Buick LeSabre test vehicle.
Multiple material additive manufacturing – Part 1: a review (2013)

Interest in multifunctional structures made automatically from multiple materials poses a challenge for today's additive manufacturing (AM) technologies; however the ability to process multiple materials is a fundamental advantage to some AM technologies. The capability to fabricate multiple material parts can improve AM technologies by either optimising the mechanical properties of the parts or providing additional functions to the final parts. The objective of this paper is to give an overview on the current state of the art of multiple material AM technologies and their practical applications. In this paper, multiple material AM processes have been classified and the principles of the key processes have been reviewed comprehensively. The advantages and disadvantages of each process, recent progress, challenging technological obstacles, the possible strategies to overcome these barriers, and future trends are also discussed.
Crystallite size effect on the hole mobility of uniaxially aligned copper phthalocyanine thin-film field-effect transistors (2005)

We fabricated copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) thin-film field-effect transistors (FETs) with three different orientations of CuPc with respect to channels. The substrate rubbing treatment induced uniaxial orientation in CuPc layers, yielding higher hole mobility (∼0.02cm2∕Vs) than that of untreated FETs. Although the rubbing treatment bore high-aspect-ratio (&gt;10) CuPc domains oriented to rubbing direction, the mobility anisotropy of the film was only 1.4. This discrepancy was explained by analyzing grazing-incidence x-ray diffraction profiles, i.e.: (1) In-plane mean size of crystals was smaller than their appearance in atomic force microscopy, and (2) the crystallites were much shorter in the apparent long-hand direction (11nm) than the direction perpendicular to it (44nm).
Regularization of tissue shear modulus reconstruction using strain variance (2008)

An effective setting method (that is, a method using the variances of strain tensor component measurements) is described for the properly spatially varied regularization parameters for our shear modulus reconstruction. At each position, the respective strain variances can be experimentally evaluated using plural field measurements or single field measurement, for example, when using all crosscorrelation- based methods, by using the Ziv-Zakai Lower Bound (ZZLB). The demonstrated regularization by the single field measurement using the cross-spectrum phase gradient method (MCSPGM) in experiments confirms that the use of the axial strain variance estimated by the echo signal-to-noise ratio and correlations (the combined SNRc) effectively stabilizes the 1-D reconstruction on an agar phantom and a human in vivo liver carcinoma during interstitial microwave thermal treatment. The regularization yields a spatially uniform stability in reconstruction.
Glycosaminoglycans modulate cell-matrix interactions of human fibroblasts and endothelial cells in vitro (1996)

Contact of various cells with extracellular matrix molecules modulates their cellular functions and phenotype. Most investigations have employed dishes coated with purified matrix constituents or plain collagen I lattices omitting the effects of other important matrix components such as proteoglycans. In this study we analyze the effect of purified glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) on human fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) embedded within collagen I/III lattices. HUVEC contracted collagen I/III gels far less efficiently than fibroblasts and addition of heparan sulfate and heparin almost completely inhibited contraction. In collagen gels HUVEC down-regulated collagenase mRNA while increasing collagen I, IV mRNA expression. Addition of heparin and heparan sulfate reversed the collagen IV mRNA induction whereas hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate enhanced fibronectin and collagenase transcripts. Fibroblasts readily contracted collagen gels, and mRNA levels for fibronectin, collagenase and interleukin-6 were stimulated. Gel contraction was mostly unaffected by the different glycosaminoglycans. Fibroblasts responded to the addition of dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate and heparin with a decrease in fibronectin, collagenase and interleukin-6 mRNA. Binding studies revealed saturable binding sites on fibroblasts and HUVEC for 35S-labelled heparin, demonstrating specificity for heparin and heparan sulfate over other GAGs in competition experiments. This study implies that glycosaminoglycans participate in cell-matrix interactions by effectively modulating the cellular phenotype via high affinity binding sites.
The B8500-microsecond thin-film memory (1967)

The computer in a B8500 modular data processing system may be equipped with as many as 16 memory modules, each of which has a capacity of 16,000 words of 52 bits each. The modules are self-contained with power supplies, logic circuits, and receiving and transmitting circuits which communicate with the computers.
Fibrinopeptide A in plasma of normal subjects and patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation and systemic lupus erythematosus. (1976)

A radioimmunoassay for fibrinopeptide A (FPA) has been developed. This assay uses rabbit antibodies induced by injection of native FPA-human serum albumin conjugates and 125I introduced into tyrosine-FPA synthesized in out laboratory. Plasma FPA is separated from fibrinogen by TCA extraction. The assay is capable of detecting as little as 50 pg/ml of FPA. In 20 normal donors this assay revealed a mean concentration of 0.9 ng/ml (0.3 SD). In five patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation, FPA concentrations ranged from 13.0 to 346 ng/ml. Two groups of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) whose disease had achieved complete remission were studied; one consisted of four patients with no history of lupus nephritis and another with a history of nephritis. Mean FPA concentrations of 1.5 ng/ml (range, 0.7-1.8 ng/ml) and 2.7 ng/ml (range, 1.1-5.6 ng/ml) were found in these two groups, respectively. Another group of nine patients with active SLE, but without evidence of lupus nephritis, had a mean FPA concentration of 4.5 ng/ml (range, 2.4-7.8 ng/ml). Finally, a group of seven patients with active SLE, including active nephritis, had a mean FPA concentration of 10.2 ng/ml (range, 5.3-17.0 ng/ml). A positive correlation was found between the concentration of plasma FPA and serum DNA-binding activity and an inverse correlation was found between plasma FPA and the concentration of serum C3. No correlation existed between plasma FPA and concentration of serum creatinine. Several possibilities for the origin of plasma FPA in patients with SLE were considered; at present it seems most likely that FPA arises through the action of thrombin on fibrinogen.
STRUCTURE-FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ADIPOSE CELL (1970)

Serum albumin stimulates the uptake of U-glucose-(14)C and the incorporation of (14)C-counts into triglyceride glycerol and inhibits the incorporation of (14)C-counts into triglyceride fatty acids by isolated adipose cells; insulin and epinephrine enhance these effects. In the absence of hormones, these responses to albumin increase with increasing albumin concentration. In the presence of insulin, a qualitatively similar pattern of increasing responses to albumin is observed; the enhancement of each response by insulin is, however, only slightly potentiated by higher albumin concentrations. In contrast, in the presence of epinephrine, these responses to albumin are maximal at the lowest albumin concentration tested, 0.1%; the enhancement of each response by epinephrine is similarly maximal at 0.1% albumin, but decreases rapidly as the albumin concentration is raised. Increasing serum albumin concentrations do, however, stimulate the release of fatty acids and glycerol by epinephrine-treated cells increasingly until a plateau, determined by the epinephrine dose, is reached. These data support the suggestion that intracellular fatty acid levels function in the regulation of adipose cell activity, and further suggest that serum albumin plays a role in determining the metabolic fate of these fatty acids.
Attitudes toward Condoms and Condom Use: A Review (1992)

The following topics are reviewed: condom use, attitudes toward condoms, reasons for failure to use condoms, personality and attitudes toward condoms, attitudes toward condoms and behavior, and changing attitudes toward condoms. The use of condoms varies across cultures. Prevention which emphasizes group subjective norms, personality, and interpersonal and situational barriers may influence condom use; intervention studies have not yet fully tested this hypothesis, however. What is known is that attitudes and use of condoms can be changed. Negative attitudes toward condom use include the perception of impaired pleasure, lack of availability at the appropriate time, coitus interruptus, and unnaturalness or unreliability. Positive perceptions may counterbalance the negative attitudes. In several military studies, it was found that lack of availability, perceived lack of risk, and influence of alcohol were the major reasons for failure to use. In many studies the reduction of pleasure is a dominant theme. Pharmacies were the preferred place of purchase. Among college students, condoms were viewed as minimizing a health risk but associated use with there being something wrong with their partner. A Dutch study found a reduced belief in the efficacy of condoms as a contraceptive but increased trust in the protection against AIDS. In a pre- and posttest of attitudes toward condom use among heterosexual couples, the findings were that attitudes could be modified and that information needs to relate to the context of sexual activity and sensorimotor arousal. The condom film with sexually explicit activity and instructions on condom placement was successful in generating a significant increase in positive attitudes toward condoms. Examining link between attitudes and behavior, however, is a necessary next step.
Asymmetric Ring Opening of Epoxides (2005)

This review deals with the metal promoted asymmetric ring opening of achiral epoxides using achiral carbon-, nitrogen-, oxygen-, sulphur- and halogen-containing nucleophiles. The use of chiral bases in the asymmetric deprotonation of achiral epoxides yields chiral allylic alcohols. Finally, kinetic resolution of racemic epoxides can be achieved using chiral metal complexes. Keywords: asymmetric opening, nucleophiles, enantioselective addition, electrophile
No progesterone in standard HRT (1998)

I enjoyed Jane Wright’s wise and helpful article, ‘Older women’s experience of the menopause’ (Art&Science August 12).
1,25(OH)2D3 and dexamethasone additively suppress synovial fibroblast activation by CCR6+ T helper memory cells and enhance the effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade (2018)

This study suggests that 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> and DEX additively inhibit synovial inflammation through targeting predominantly CCR6<sup>+</sup> memTh cells and RASF, respectively. Furthermore, low doses of DEX and 1,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> enhance the effect of TNFα blockade in inhibiting RASF activation, thus providing a basis to improve RA treatment.
A NOTE ON THE DETERMINATION OF VERTICAL TURBULENT TRANSPORT COEFFICIEN TS IN A PARTIALLY MIXED ESTUARY. (1985)

Keywords BIRMINGHAM UNIVERSITY TURBULENCE, MEASUREMENT, TRANSPORT, COEFFICIENTS, ESTUARIES, MIXED, PARTIALLY, VELOCITY, SALINITY, VERTICAL, DATA, RICHARDSON NUMBERS, EQUATIONS, TURBULENT, FIELD, TECHNIQUES, STRESS, FLUX, FLOW, EMPIRICAL, CLOSURES, PROBLEMS, VALUE, LENGTH, MIXING... Show All
Serum Lipid Changes and Therapeutic Effects of Various Oils in Infantile Eczema (1933)

In a previous communication the iodine number of the serum fatty acids was reported to be abnormally low in infantile eczema during the active phase of the disease. Additional data have confirmed the original findings. The average iodine number of the serum fatty acid in 21 determinations on 11 cases of infantile eczema was 82, while that of 21 determinations on 11 normal infants in the same age group was 114. The magnitude of the difference between these 2 groups is similar to that between rats suffering from unsaturated fatty acids deficiency and normal rats. In December, 1931, oils especially rich in unsaturated fatty acids were given to 2 infants suffering with severe eczema, with good clinical results. Twelve additional cases treated in like manner since that time have shown a similar response. This paper reports changes in the iodine number of the serum fatty acids in 4 cases which could be kept under close observation over a period of months while receiving treatment. All 4 received the same diet and same local care of the skin. Three received supplements of linseed or corn oil while the fourth received none. The iodine number of the serum fatty acids was subnormal in all 4 cases before treatment was instituted, but increased to normal levels, in cases RS, DL and BS coincidentally with the marked clinical improvement. (Fig. 1.) In contrast to this response was that of the infant RB. This control subject, receiving no oil supplement, failed to show definite clinical improvement. The iodine number not only did not rise during the long period of observation but actually fell slightly. Infant DL was carefully observed in the hospital for about 3 months for any sign of a spontaneous remission before being given oil. No improvement occurred during this period and the iodine number remained low. Three weeks after oil was added to the diet, however, the skin became clear and the iodine number rose to the normal level as it had done in the other 2 treated cases.