gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Analysis of Malignant Melanoma (2002)

Background: Cutaneous melanoma is the leading fatal illness arising in the skin. The clinical and pathological characteristics of malignant melanoma are quite different among races and countries. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic behavior of malignant melanoma in Korea and define prognostic predictors. Methods: From the 61 patients diagnosed with malignant melanoma at the Department of Dermatology of the Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine over a 12 year period(1989-2001), we analyzed mean age at onset, gender, histologic subtypes, tumor thickness, primary tumor locations, and metastatic sites. Univariate analysis and multivariate analyses for survival, according to clinical and histologic tumor behavior, were performed by means of Cox proportional hazard model. Survival curves were plotted by Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Fifty-eight primary cutaneous melanomas were identified and analyzed by both clinical behavior and histology. 1. The incidence of malignant melanoma has been rising at a fast rate in the Department of Dermatology, Yonsei University College of Medicine. 2. The male to female ratio was 1:1. Acral lentiginous melanoma was the most common type(56.9%) followed by nodular melanoma(19.0%), superficial spreading melanoma(12.1%), lentigo maligna melanoma(6.9%), and mucosal melanoma(5.1%) in this study. ALM(59 years) and SSM(53 years) developed in elderly persons, while NM(43 years) developed in younger persons. 3. Sole and nail bed were the favored sites in ALM. Trunk was the favored site in SSM. 4. Univariate and multivariate analyses for overall survival of melanoma revealed that male gender, lentigo maligna melanoma, thicker tumor(), advanced stage(III and IV) have the tendency to poorer prognosis with significant differences. Conclusion: Our study revealed acral lentiginous melanoma was the most predominant type of melanoma in Korea, which is similar result to other Asian countries'. No similar large series has been conducted to assess the prognostic factors of melanoma in Korea. Therefore, we propose that gender, histologic subtypes, tumor thickness, stages are the independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Further prospective studies are needed to assess the biologic behavior of malignant melanoma of which the incidence has been increasing in Korea.
Production of plant sesquiterpenes in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Effect of <i>ERG9</i> repression on sesquiterpene biosynthesis (2007)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was chosen as a microbial host for heterologous biosynthesis of three different plant sesquiterpenes, namely valencene, cubebol, and patchoulol. The volatility and low solubility of the sesquiterpenes were major practical problems for quantification of the excreted sesquiterpenes. In situ separation of sesquiterpenes in a two-phase fermentation using dodecane as the secondary phase was therefore performed in order to enable quantitative evaluation of different strains. In order to enhance the availability of the precursor for synthesis of sesquiterpenes, farnesyl diphosphate (FPP), the ERG9 gene which is responsible for conversion of FPP to squalene was downregulated by replacing the native ERG9 promoter with the regulatable MET3 promoter combined with addition of 2 mM methionine to the medium. This strategy led to a reduced ergosterol content of the cells and accumulation of FPP derived compounds like target sesquiterpenes and farnesol. Adjustment of the methionine level during fermentations prevented relieving MET3 promoter repression and resulted in further improved sesquiterpene production. Thus, the final titer of patchoulol and farnesol in the ERG9 downregulated strain reached 16.9 and 20.2 mg/L, respectively. The results obtained in this study revealed the great potential of yeast as a cell factory for production of sesquiterpenes.
Mucoadhesive liposomal delivery systems: the choice of coating material (2010)

While keeping in mind that the in vivo conditions may vary with the in vitro ones, we may recommend the system described in our work for possible oral delivery of peptides and phytochemicals.
A transcription task for crowdsourcing with automatic quality control (2011)

In this paper, we propose a two-stage transcription task design for crowdsourcing with an automatic quality control mechanism embedded in each stage. For the first stage, a support vector machine (SVM) classifier is utilized to quickly filter poor quality transcripts based on acoustic cues and language patterns in the transcript. In the second stage, word level confidence scores are used to estimate a transcription quality and provide instantaneous feedback to the transcriber. The proposed design was evaluated using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) and tested on seven hours of academic lecture speech, which is typically conversational in nature and contains technical material. Compared to baseline transcripts which were also collected from MTurk using a ROVER-based method, we observed that the new method resulted in higher quality transcripts while requiring less transcriber effort. Index Terms: Transcription, crowdsourcing, quality control
New Insights into the Mechanism of Visible Light Photocatalysis (2014)

In recent years, the area of developing visible-light-active photocatalysts based on titanium dioxide has been enormously investigated due to its wide range of applications in energy and environment related fields. Various strategies have been designed to efficiently utilize the solar radiation and to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic processes. Building on the fundamental strategies to improve the visible light activity of TiO2-based photocatalysts, this Perspective aims to give an insight into many contemporary developments in the field of visible-light-active photocatalysis. Various examples of advanced TiO2 composites have been discussed in relation to their visible light induced photoconversion efficiency, dynamics of electron-hole separation, and decomposition of organic and inorganic pollutants, which suggest the critical need for further development of these types of materials for energy conversion and environmental remediation purposes.
Polyphase IIR filter banks for subband adaptive echo cancellation applications (2003)

Polyphase IIR structures are known to be very attractive for very high performance filters that can be designed using very few coefficients. This combined with their reduced sensitivity to coefficient quantization in comparison to standard FIR and IIR structures makes them very applicable to very fast filtering especially when implemented in fixed point arithmetic. In this paper we suggest replacing standard FIR filter banks used in subband adaptive polyphase FFT echo cancellation applications with such a structure. We demonstrate here that such an alternative approach results in a much more computationally efficient implementation combined with more accurate channel detection and improvement in the adaptation speed.
Innovation in the Yass Valley: A Pilot Survey (1967)

Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies
Peroxiredoxins (2002)

Present knowledge on peroxiredoxins is reviewed with special emphasis on catalytic principles, specificities and biological function. Peroxiredoxins are low efficiency peroxidases using thiols as reductants. They appear to be fairly promiscuous with respect to the hydroperoxide substrate; the specificities for the donor substrate vary considerably between the subfamilies, comprising GSH, thioredoxin, tryparedoxin and the analogous CXXC motifs in bacterial AhpF proteins. Peroxiredoxins are definitely responsible for antioxidant defense in bacteria (AhpC), yeast (thioredoxin peroxidase) and trypanosomatids (tryparedoxin peroxidase). They are considered to determine virulence of mycobacteria and trypanosomatids. In higher plants they are involved in balancing hydroperoxide production during photosynthesis. In higher animals peroxiredoxins appear to be involved in the redox-regulation of cellular signaling and differentiation, displaying in part opposite effects.
Cytotoxic and multidrug resistance reversal activity of a vegetable, ‘Anastasia Red’, a variety of sweet pepper (2003)

The vegetable, Anastasia Red, Capsicum annuum L. var. angulosum Mill. (Solanaceae) was successively extracted with hexane, acetone, methanol and 70% methanol, and the extracts were further separated into a total of 21 fractions by silica gel or octadecylsilane (ODS) column chromatography. The biological activities of extracts and fractions were determined. These extracts showed relatively higher cytotoxic activity against two human oral tumor cell lines (HSC-2, HSG) than against normal human gingival fibroblasts (HGF), suggesting a tumor-specific cytotoxic activity. The cytotoxic activity of these extracts was enhanced by fractionation on silica gel [H2, A2, M1-M3] or ODS column chromatography [70M]. Several fractions [H2, H4, H5, A1, A2, A3, A5, A6, A7, M2] reversed the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype with L5178 mouse lymphoma T cells, more efficiently than (+/-)-verapamil. The extracts and fractions did not show any detectable anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or anti-Helicobacter pylori activity. Thus, this study suggests the effective and selective antitumor potential of 'Anastasia Red' of sweet pepper for further phytochemical and biological investigation.
Aminozucker‐Synthesen, II. Benzyl‐2.6‐didesoxy‐2.6‐diamino‐α‐<scp>D</scp>‐glucosid (1961)

Abstract Ausgehend vom Benzyl‐ N ‐carbobenzoxy‐3.4‐diacetyl‐α‐ D ‐glucosaminuron‐säurenitril (II) konnte über mehrere Zwischenstufen das Benzyl‐2.6‐didesoxy‐2.6‐diamino‐α‐ D ‐glucosid (VII) als Bis‐hydrochlorid gewonnen werden. Sein Bis‐ N ‐carbobenzoxy‐(V) sowie sein Bis‐ N ‐benzoyl‐Derivat (VI) werden beschrieben.
Electroporation of bovine spermatozoa to carry DNA containing highly repetitive sequences into oocytes and detection of homologous recombination events (2000)

There are several methods of modifying bovine genomes. Pronuclear microinjection is more widely used but it is still to be improved. Searches for alternatives have lead to the development of new methods including SMGT (Sperm Mediated Gene Transfer), in which live spermatozoa are used as vehicles for DNA delivery during in vitro fertilization. In previous studies, we presented evidence that a highly repetitive Alu-like repeat favours transgenesis by homologous recombination (HR). Up to 60% integration via HR was obtained following pronuclear microinjection of a Pst1 beta-actin GFP DNA construction. In the present study, we show that HR-mediated integration is also possible using SMGT, since bovine spermatozoa electroporated with the same DNA construct are able to transfer it to a high proportion of embryos obtained by in vitro fertilization. Swim-up selected bovine spermatozoa were mixed with the Pst1 beta-actin GFP construct (6 x 10(6) spermatozoids were incubated with 600 ng of muDNA), submitted or not to electroporation (300 V, 25 F) and treated or not with DNase I. The process of electroporation itself did not affect in vitro embryonic development. However, oocytes fertilized with electroporated DNA-treated spermatozoa developed beyond the 16-cell stage in proportions that were significantly lower (27% with Pst1 beta-actin GFP and 34% with beta-actin GFP) compared to the control without DNA (44%). On the other side, the use of electroporation significantly increased the uptake of DNA. The number of homologous recombination events detected by PCR went from 3.5% without electroporation to 46.5% after electroporation. In conclusion, our results confirm that spermatozoa electroporation combined with homologous recombination in a highly repetitive Pst1 sequence is a feasible method to obtain transgenic bovine embryos.
GPS-based vessel position monitoring and display system (2002)

The authors provide a description of the first fully operational, GPS/Loran-based vessel monitoring system. Its monitoring workstation, communications solutions, and onboard navigation systems provide an integrated capability for the marine fleet operator. The system is a powerful tool for the fleet operator in such applications as shipping, scheduling, harbor operations, and route verification. Moreover, this concept can be applied to the larger problem of safe transport of hazardous cargo.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer controlled ENDOR spectrometer (1974)

The design and construction of a computer-controlled X-band ENDOR spectrometer are described. The instrument operates in the RF band 3-39 MHz with a maximum power of 1 kW, corresponding to fields of 80 G peak to peak in the cavity. Details of a new construction for the microwave cavity are given. A minicomputer is used for control of the experiment and data acquisition, processing and display. Examples of the performance are presented.
Coating of Particles at Supercritical Fluid Conditions (2004)

The combination of fluidized bed technology with supercritical carbon dioxide as fluidizing gas and as a solvent for the coating material enables the production of thin, even and solvent‐free coatings. However the successful operation of such a coating process requires detailed knowledge of fluidization at supercritical fluid conditions. The results of the experiments show that the minimum fluidization velocity at supercritical fluid conditions can be predicted with satisfactory accuracy. The coating of different solids with paraffin results in thin layers (0.7–2 μm), which are smooth and complete. Therefore, the coating of particles in fluidized beds operated with supercritical fluids can be considered as an alternative to existing coating technologies.
Fashion Parsing With Video Context (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel semi- supervised learning strategy to address human parsing. Existing human parsing datasets are relatively small due to the required tedious human labeling. We present a general, affordable and scalable solution, which harnesses the rich contexts in those easily available web videos to boost any existing human parser. First, we crawl a large number of unlabeled videos from the web. Then for each video, the cross-frame contexts are utilized for human pose co- estimation , and then video co-parsing to obtain satisfactory human parsing results for all frames. More specifically, SIFT flow and super-pixel matching are used to build correspondences across different frames, and these correspondences then contextualize the pose estimation and human parsing in individual frames. Finally these parsed video frames are used as the reference corpus for the non-parametric human parsing component of the whole solution. To further improve the accuracy of video co-parsing, we propose an active learning method to incorporate human guidance, where the labelers are required to assess the accuracies of the pose estimation results of certain selected video frames. Then we take reliable frames as the seed frames to guide the video pose co-estimation. Our human parsing framework can then easily incorporate the human feedback to train a better fashion parser. Extensive experiments on two benchmark fashion datasets as well as a newly collected challenging Fashion Icon dataset well demonstrate the encouraging performance gain from our general pipeline for human parsing.
The Enhanced Forest Inventory and Analysis Program � National Sampling Design and Estimation Procedures (2015)

Addendum: The supplementary documents referenced in this manuscript are posted on the Web site https://www.fia.fs.fed.us/library/sampling/index.phpThe Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Program of the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service is in the process of moving from a system of quasiindependent, regional, periodic inventories to an enhanced program featuring greater national consistency, annual measurement of a proportion of plots in each State, new reporting requirements, and integration with the ground sampling component of the Forest Health Monitoring Program. This documentation presents an overview of the conceptual changes, explains the three phases of FIA's sampling design, describes the sampling frame and plot configuration, presents the estimators that form the basis of FIA's National Information Management System (NIMS), and shows how annual data are combined for analysis. It also references a number of Web-based supplementary documents that provide greater detail about some of the more obscure aspects of the sampling and estimation system, as well as examples of calculations for most of the common estimators produced by FIA.
Solitons on an axially nonuniform optical fiber (1988)

The conditions necessary for the amplitude or the temporal width of an N = 1 soliton to increase, remain constant, or decrease with distance on an axially nonuniform optical fiber are derived. Numerical results for a step-index fiber with an axially tapered core are presented. The effects of such a fiber on higher-order solitons are also presented.
Eye Muscle Prosthesis (1992)

We inserted a silicone rubber elastic band along the course of a paralyzed lateral rectus and of a paralyzed superior oblique to restore alignment and to provide a spring against which the antagonist could pull. The lateral rectus band has been in place for 7 years. It provides alignment and a field of single binocular vision of 20 degrees. The superior oblique band has been in place for 17 months. It provides alignment and single vision over 30 degrees from the primary position except for a restriction in upgaze-adduction to 25 degrees (Brown syndrome) and in downgaze-adduction to 20 degrees. Such engineered elastic bands are a useful addition to current surgical techniques for management of cases of paralysis and restriction.
SODDA – A SERVICE-ORIENTED DISTRIBUTED DATABASE ARCHITECTURE (2008)

The dissemination of information systems over computer networks has reinforced the interest on distributed database management systems (DDBMS). A review on the architecture of such systems is motivated by the wide availability of networking resources, which allows the cost of communication among the nodes to be reduced. Besides, the coming of age of syntactic interoperability standards, such as XML, and of service-based networking allow for new alternatives for the implementation and deployment of distributed databases. This paper proposes the adoption of elements from service-oriented architectures for the implementation of the connections among distributed database components, thus configuring a service-oriented distributed database architecture.
Myocardial infarction due to multiple coronary‐ventricular fistulas (1989)

Coronary-ventricular fistulas have been described in both right and left coronary arteries and have been implicated in causing cardiac symptoms and coronary ischemia. We present a case of three-vessel coronary-ventricular fistulas emptying into both ventricles, associated with a left-to-right shunt and a myocardial infarction.
Molecular cloning and sequence analysis of putative chicken prolactin cDNA (1989)

A cDNA library was prepared from mRNA isolated from anterior pituitary glands of incubating bantam hens, in which prolactin mRNA levels were predicted to be very high. Nine clones, representing abundant mRNA species, were identified and shown to contain homologous sequences. Two clones, of 871 bp and 580 bp, were analysed by DNA sequencing. The shorter clone was found to be a truncated cDNA product but otherwise identical to the longer clone. The 871 bp cDNA, PRL101, contains an open reading frame capable of encoding a polypeptide of 229 amino acids. This putative polypeptide has a high degree of homology to mammalian prolactins (approximately 70%), strongly suggesting that PRL101 encodes chicken preprolactin. The protein was predicted to have a 30 amino acid signal sequence which would be cleaved off to give a mature protein of 199 amino acids. The peptide sequence also had a 26% homology to chicken growth hormone, which is related to prolactin. This similarity confirms the conclusion that PRL101 is a chicken prolactin cDNA clone. An abundant mRNA of approximately 880 b was detected in poly(A)+ RNA from pituitary glands probed with PRL101. Analysis of chicken genomic DNA showed that there is one copy of the prolactin gene in the genome. PRL101 hybridized strongly to genomic DNA from closely related galliforms (quail and turkey) and less strongly to DNA from more distantly related species (duck and ring dove).
Numerical Analysis and Design of Single-Source Multicoil TMS for Deep and Focused Brain Stimulation (2013)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a tool for noninvasive stimulation of neuronal tissue used for research in cognitive neuroscience and to treat neurological disorders. Many TMS applications call for large electric fields to be sharply focused on regions that often lie deep inside the brain. Unfortunately, the fields generated by present-day TMS coils diffuse and decay rapidly as they penetrate into the head. As a result, they tend to stimulate relatively large regions of tissue near the brain surface. Earlier studies suggested that a focused TMS excitation can be attained using multiple nonuniformly fed coils in a multichannel array. We propose a systematic, genetic algorithm-based technique for synthesizing multichannel arrays that minimize the volume of the excited region required to achieve a prescribed penetration depth and maintain realistic values for the input driving currents. Because multichannel arrays are costly to build, we also propose a method to convert the multichannel arrays into single-channel ones while minimally materially deteriorating performance. Numerical results show that the new multi- and single-channel arrays stimulate tissue 2.4 cm into the head while exciting 3.0 and 2.6 times less volume than conventional Figure-8 coils, respectively.
Uptake pharmacokinetics of the Fentanyl Oralet<sup>®</sup> in children scheduled for central venous access removal: implications for the timing of initiating painful procedures (2002)

The wide and flat concentration versus time profile may allow flexibility in the timing of a painful procedure following Fentanyl Oralet administration. However, the variability of the time to peak concentration makes it difficult to suggest a minimum interval between Fentanyl Oralet consumption and the start of a painful procedure.
Ground-based passive probing using the microwave spectrum of oxygen (1965)

The determination of the kinetic te mperature structure of th e tropo sphe re from ground-based measure me nts of oxygen emission s pectra in th e microwave region is di scussed. Molec ular absorption properti es of oxygen and water vapor are re viewed. A ne w "inversion" tec hniqu e is de scrib ed. This techniqu e uses a least squares iteration solution whi c h is applicable to Fredholm integral eq uati ons of the fir st kind. Th e inve rsion tec hniqu e is used to reconstruct two types of tropos pheric te mpe rature profiles . The effec ts of ce rtain types of e rrors in the brightness te mpe rature on -the de rive d te mperature di stributi on a re co mputed .