gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toxicity of Heparinoids, with Special Reference to the Precipitation of Fibrinogen (1964)

Summary To demonstrate whether the intravascular precipitation of fibrinogen is responsible for the toxicity of heparinoid, the relation between the toxicity of heparinoid in vivo and the precipitation of fibrinogen in vitro was investigated, using dextran sulfate of various molecular weights and various heparinoids. 1. There are close relationships between the molecular weight of dextran sulfate, its toxicity, and the quantity of fibrinogen precipitated. 2. The close relationship between the toxicity and the precipitation of fibrinogen found for dextran sulfate holds good for other heparinoids regardless of their molecular structures. 3. Histological findings suggest strongly that the pathological changes produced with dextran sulfate are caused primarily by the intravascular precipitates with occlusion of the capillaries. From these facts, it is concluded that the precipitates of fibrinogen with heparinoid may be the cause or at least the major cause of the toxicity of heparinoid. 4. The most suitable molecular weight of dextran sulfate for clinical use was found to be 5,300 ~ 6,700, from the maximum value of the product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity). This product (LD50 · Anticoagulant activity) can be employed generally to assess the comparative merits of various heparinoids. 5. Clinical use of the dextran sulfate prepared on this basis gave satisfactory results. No severe reaction was observed. However, two delayed reactions, alopecia and thrombocytopenia, were observed. These two reactions seem to come from the cause other than intravascular precipitation.
NIR-Selective electrochromic heteromaterial frameworks: a platform to understand mesoscale transport phenomena in solid-state electrochemical devices (2014)

We report here the first solid-state, NIR-selective electrochromic devices. Critical to device performance is the arrangement of nanocrystal-derived electrodes into heteromaterial frameworks, where hierarchically porous ITO nanocrystal active layers are infiltrated by an ion-conducting polymer electrolyte with mesoscale periodicity. Enhanced coloration efficiency and transport are realized over unarchitectured electrodes in devices, paving the way towards new smart windows technologies.
A Compact Capacitor-Less High-Speed DRAM Using Field Effect-Controlled Charge Regeneration (2011)

We demonstrate experimentally a capacitor-less one-transistor dynamic random access memory (DRAM) based on fully depleted silicon-on-insulator substrate. In our device, the charges are directly stored in front gate capacitor ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> ) and read out through a fast feedback regeneration process. The simulated read/write times of our device reach below 1 ns, much faster than conventional 1T-1C DRAM. The read/write biasing voltages can be scaled down to 1.1 V, achieving long retention time (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">re</sub> >; 5s).
Specific inhibition of endopeptidase 24.16 by dipeptides (1991)

The inhibitory effect of various dipeptides on the neurotensin-degrading metallopeptidase, endopeptidase 24.16, was examined. These dipeptides mimick the Pro10-Tyr11 bond of neurotensin that is hydrolyzed by endopeptidase 24.16. Among a series of Pro-Xaa dipeptides, the most potent inhibitory effect was elicited by Pro-Ile (Ki approximately 90 microM) with Pro-Ile greater than Pro-Met greater than Pro-Phe. All the Xaa-Tyr dipeptides were unable to inhibit endopeptidase 24.16. The effect of Pro-Ile on several purified peptidases was assessed by means of fluorigenic assays and HPLC analysis. A 5 mM concentration of Pro-Ile does not inhibit endopeptidase 24.11, endopeptidase 24.15, angiotensin-converting enzyme, proline endopeptidase, trypsin, leucine aminopeptidase, pyroglutamyl aminopeptidase I and carboxypeptidase B. The only enzyme that was affected by Pro-Ile was carboxypeptidase A, although it was with a 50-fold lower potency (Ki approximately 5 mM) than for endopeptidase 24.16. By means of fluorimetric substrates with a series of hydrolysing activities, we demonstrate that Pro-Ile can be used as a specific inhibitor of endopeptidase 24.16, even in a complex mixture of peptidase activities such as found in whole rat brain homogenate.
MHC Class I Gene Expression and Regulation (2000)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a conglomerate of genes that play an important role in recognition of self and nonself. These genes are under tight control. In this review we have discussed the transcription processes regulating MHC gene expression. Various biological or chemical modulators can modulate MHC gene expression. The promoter region of class I genes can be activated through several pathways. Hence, these genes are not typical "domestic" genes. Extensive studies on regulation of MHC class I expression, using transfection techniques and transgenic animal models, have resulted in identification of various cis-acting sequences involved in positive and negative regulation of class I genes. Work is in progress to identify the transacting proteins that bind to these sites and to delineate the mechanisms that regulate constitutive and inducible expression of class I genes in normal and diseased cells. It has been seen that various biological molecules (IFN, GM-CSF, IL-2) and other chemicals up-regulate the MHC expression. If the exact mechanisms are known by which the expression of class I genes is up regulated, the efforts can be made to balance the beneficial and toxic effects of biological molecules with one another, which may facilitate the use of combination of these molecules in subpharmacological doses (to eliminate toxicity) for early and better management of neoplastic diseases, as it is well-known that during malignancy MHC gene expression is down-regulated. In the future, the use of transgenic and knockout mice will be useful in acquiring a better understanding, which may further help in cancer therapy.
The VeriFast program verifier (2008)

This note describes a separation-logic-based approach for the spec-ification and verification of safety properties of pointer-manipulating imperative programs. We describe the approach for the C language. The safety properties to be verified are specified as annotations in the source code, in the form of function preconditions and post-conditions expressed as separation logic assertions. To enable rich specifications, the user may include additional annotations that de-fine inductive datatypes, primitive recursive pure functions over these datatypes, and abstract predicates (i.e. named, parameterized assertions). A restricted form of existential quantification is sup-ported in assertions in the form of pattern matching. Verification is based on forward symbolic execution, where memory is represented as a separate conjunction of points-to as-sertions and abstract predicate assertions, and data values are rep-
X-ray spatial harmonic imaging of phase objects (2011)

Refractive index gradients in materials or at material interfaces lead to x-ray diffraction. Interference of this radiation with adjacent x-ray waves causes phase contrast that can be used for imaging purposes if an x-ray source with sufficient spatial coherence is used. The imaging modality presented here uses hard x radiation diffracted at interfaces, but requires only little spatial coherence. We report experiments showing, first, that image contrast is not diminished by motional blurring, and second, that contrast can be increased by orders of magnitude relative to in-line x-ray phase-contrast imaging. These properties substantially broaden the applicability of phase-sensitive imaging to moving samples and very weak density gradients.
Kinetics of Syrian hamster cells during x-irradiation enhancement of transformation in vitro by chemical carcinogen. (1976)

The x-irradiation of cultured Syrian hamster cells followed by exposure to a chemical carcinogen after seeding for colony formation results in an enhancement of transformation ordinarily associated with the chemical. Maximum enhancement occurred when 48 hr separated the two treatments and when 250 R was used. With different concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (0.1-5 ..mu..g/ml medium) a similar factor of enhancement was obtained with 250 R, which averaged 8.35, implying that the irradiation pretreatment caused a constant multiplying factor. These results are consistent with the interpretation that transformation occurs through interactions in keeping with a one-hit hypothesis. The transitory effect of irradiation and the lack of transformation with irradiation alone argues against the selection of a special radiation-sensitive cell. At the time of maximum enhancement (48 hr), the cell cycles of irradiated and nonirradiated cells do not differ. The addition of benzo(a)pyrene to irradiated cells does not alter the number of cells capable of synthesizing DNA or the flow of cells from G/sub 1/ to S. The number of cells accumulated in mitosis also does not appear to differ between irradiated and nonirradiated cultures treated with 2.5 ..mu..g benzo(a)pyrene. Chromosome aberrations or alterations in ploidy cannot account for the significant increase inmore » enhancement observed at 48 hr postirradiation; however, twice as many cells with chromosome or chromatid gaps were found at 48 hr as compared to either 24 or 72 hr postirradiation.« less
Development of medical guide wire of Cu‐Al‐Mn–base superelastic alloy with functionally graded characteristics (2004)

A new type of medical guide wire with functionally graded hardness from the tip to the end was developed with the use of Cu-Al-Mn-based alloys. The superelasticity (SE) of the Cu-Al-Mn-based alloys in the tip is drastically improved by controlling the grain size, whereas the end of the wire is hardened using bainitic transformation by aging at around 200-400 degrees C. Therefore, the tip of the guide wire shows a superelasticity and its end has high stiffness. This guide wire with functionally graded characteristics shows excellent pushability and torquability, superior to that of the Ni-Ti guide wire.
Pretreating Dent Corn Grits for Puffing in a Rice Cake Machine (1990)

ABSTRACT The best operational conditions for puffing dent corn grits with a rice cake machine were 14% grit moisture, 215°C and 9 sec. Salting and steaming, low pH soaking medium, larger corn grit sizes, 2% glycerin, and 2% corn oil tended to increase puffed volume of the corn cakes. Smaller grit sizes, 3% alcohol and high pH soaking medium had negative effects on corn cake volume. Acid‐modification of corn starch, 1% or 3% corn oil, and up to 10% sugar had no effect.
Inhibition of the Secretory Pathway by Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus 2BC Protein Is Reproduced by Coexpression of 2B with 2C, and the Site of Inhibition Is Determined by the Subcellular Location of 2C (2006)

Infection of cells with picornaviruses can lead to a block in protein secretion. For poliovirus this is achieved by the 3A protein, and the consequent reduction in secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and surface expression of major histocompatibility complex class I proteins may inhibit host immune responses in vivo. Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), another picornavirus, can cause persistent infection of ruminants, suggesting it too may inhibit immune responses. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi apparatus transport of proteins is blocked by the FMDV 2BC protein. The observation that 2BC is processed to 2B and 2C during infection and that individual 2B and 2C proteins are unable to block secretion stimulated us to study the effects of 2BC processing on the secretory pathway. Even though 2BC was processed rapidly to 2B and 2C, protein transport to the plasma membrane was still blocked in FMDV-infected cells. The block could be reconstituted by coexpression of 2B and 2C, showing that processing of 2BC did not compromise the ability of FMDV to slow secretion. Under these conditions, 2C was located to the Golgi apparatus, and the block in transport also occurred in the Golgi apparatus. Interestingly, the block in transport could be redirected to the ER when 2B was coexpressed with a 2C protein fused to an ER retention element. Thus, for FMDV a block in secretion is dependent on both 2B and 2C, with the latter determining the site of the block.
Curcumin trial finds no activity. (1996)

A study by the Community Research Initiatives of New England (CRINE) shows no anti-HIV activity associated with curcumin, a popular herbal medication derived from the spice turmeric. This study contrasts an earlier one done by the Search Alliance of Los Angeles, which observed a reduction in viral load. CRINE attempted to reproduce the earlier results by enrolling forty people in a study. Two dosages were used and results were nil for both dosages. Neither viral load nor CD4 counts changed significantly over eight weeks. One possible reason for curcumin's lack of activity is that it is poorly absorbed in the digestive tract.
State of the Art and Future Developments of Aluminum Radiators for Cars and Trucks (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Aluminum has a number of features which make it superior to the other non-ferrous metals (copper and brass) normally used for radiators in the past.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Apart from the low specific weight, there are additional advantages, such as outstanding heat conductivity, strength, corrosion resistance and convenient forming and processing qualities.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Brazed aluminum radiators with flat tubes and louvered serpentine fins are used for high horsepower engines and/or in confined spaces, while mechanically assembled round tube or oval tube radiators are preferred for smaller engines and/or where there is sufficient space.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The excellent field results with car radiators have led to the use of aluminum radiators in trucks as well.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">More than 10 million fluxless brazed flat tube radiators with serpentine fins have been manufactured by Behr since 1975. Serial production for trucks was started in 1988.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Since the 1970s, the weight of radiator systems in cars and vans has been reduced by more than 50% or approximately 5 to 7 kg, accounting for up to 1% of the vehicle weight in a mid-size European car. In conjunction with aerodynamic design measures, fuel savings in the VDA 1/3 mix of up to 0.1 litres/100 km are feasible.</div>
In Silico Prediction and In Vitro Characterization of Unique Function of Human RNase3 (2012)

Ribonucleases (RNases) constitute a cellular function of exo- and endo-nucleases in all living organisms include vertebrate, bacteria, mold and plant. Human ribonuclease A (hRNaseA) super family consists of thirteen members with high structure similarities. Among which hRNase3 has multiple functions such as RNase, cytotoxicity, and heap ran sulfate (HS) binding activity. Employing Clustal W2 multiple sequence alignment of 13 human RNase A family members revealed that hRNase3 shares 67% identity and 76% similarity with hRNase2, much higher than the others. Besides, both RNase 2 and RNase3 are high conserved among primates. In terms of hRNase3-heparin/heparan sulfate (HS) interaction, three putative heparin binding regions (HBRs), <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">34</sup> RWRCK <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">38</sup> (HBR1), <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">75</sup> RSRFR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">79</sup> (HBR2) and <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">101</sup> RPGRR <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">105</sup> (HBR3) have been predicted due to presence of positive charge clusters. Furthermore, these regions are also characterized as unique peptide regions within all 13 RNase sequences by REMUS system. Our experimental data derived from protein engineering and binding assays have demonstrated that these HBRs indeed involve in characteristic functions of hRNase3. In summary, through evolution hRNaseA super family has gained novel functions which may be preserved in the unique region or domain to account for additional molecular interactions.
Delay-sensitive branch predictors for future technologies (2002)

Accurate branch prediction is an essential component of a modern, deeply pipelined microprocessors. Because the branch predictor is on the critical path for fetching instructions, it must deliver a prediction in a single cycle. However, as feature sizes shrink and clock rates increase, access delay will significantly decrease the size and accuracy of branch predictors that can be accessed in a single cycle. Thus, there is a tradeoff between branch prediction accuracy and latency. Deeper pipelines improve overall performance by allowing more aggressive clock rates, but some performance is lost due to increased branch misprediction penalties. Ironically, with shorter clock periods, the branch predictor has less time to make a prediction and might have to be scaled back to make it faster, which decreases accuracy and reduces the advantage of higher clock rates.
Surfactant-Assisted Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single phase Pyrite FeS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystals (2009)

FeS2 pyrite nanocrystals with high purity have been synthesized through a surfactant-assisted hydrothermal reaction under optimum pH value. These pyrite nanocrystals represent a new group of well-defined nanoscale structures for high-performance photovoltaic solar cells based on nontoxic and earth abundant materials.
Physical and structural properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core: A review (1997)

Substantial data sets have been collected on the relaxation characteristics, density, grain size, c axis fabrics, and ultrasonic velocities of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) core to its contact with bedrock at 3053.4 m. Changes in all these properties paralleled closely those found in cores from Byrd Station, Antarctica, and Dye 3, Greenland. Density increased progressively with depth to a maximum of 0.921 Mg/m 3 at about 1400 m, at which depth the ice became bubble free. Below about 2000 m, in situ densities began to decrease in response to increasing ice sheet temperatures. Since drilling, much of the ice core has undergone significant volume expansion (relaxation) due to microcracking and the exsolving of enclathratized gases, especially in the brittle ice zone between 650 and 1400 m. Grain size increased linearly to about 1000 m, thereafter remaining fairly constant until the Younger Dryas event at 1678 m where a twofold to threefold decrease in grain size occurred. These grain size changes were accompanied by a progressive clustering of crystal c axes toward the vertical, including a small increase in c axis concentration across the Younger Dryas/Holocene boundary. Increased dust levels in the Wisconsin ice have contributed to the maintenance of a fine‐grained texture which, with its strong vertical c axis fabric, persisted to nearly 3000 m. However, beginning at about 2800 m, layers of coarse‐grained ice intermixed with the much finer‐grained matrix ice are observed. Below 3000 m the ice became very coarse grained. This change, attributed to annealing recrystallization at elevated temperatures in the ice sheet, was accompanied by a dispersed or ring‐like redistribution of the c axes about the vertical. Ultrasonic measurements of vertical and horizontal P wave velocities made at 10‐m intervals along the entire length of the GISP2 core fully confirmed the results of the crystallo‐optical observations. A return to fine‐grained ice coincided with the first appearance of brown, silty ice 13 m above bedrock. Bedrock material consisted of 48 cm of till, including boulders and cobbles, overlying gray biotite granite comprising the true bedrock. There is evidence that disturbed structure in the GISP2 cores begins little more than 70% of the way through the ice sheet. This disturbance increases with depth until it becomes large enough to cast suspicion on features lasting centuries or more in the bottom 10% of the ice sheet.
Prevalence in England of Antibody to Human Polyomavirus (B.K.) (1973)

Over 500 human sera were tested by complement fixation and haemagglutination inhibition tests for antibody to the human polyomavirus (B.K.). Both tests showed that antibody to this virus was very common in the population and began to be acquired after the age of 1 year. No clinical illness has so far been associated with the development of this antibody in a series of paired sera from children.
Estudo da correlação entre as medidas lineares de crânio e face e as medidas de largura e comprimento palatino (2015)

It is possible to estimate the palatal length and the palatal width using the two models (formulas) through the measurements of the biporion distance. Because in the literature, there is no consensus, there is a need for standardization when obtaining the linear measurements of the palate.
Administration of Cardiac Stem Cells in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: The SCIPIO Trial (2012)

This study is registered with clinicaltrials.gov, trial number NCT00474461.
Age‐related irreversible progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotoxicity in the paraquat and maneb model of the Parkinson's disease phenotype (2003)

While advancing age is the only unequivocally accepted risk factor for idiopathic Parkinson's disease, it has been postulated that exposure to environmental neurotoxicants combined with ageing could increase the risk for developing Parkinson's disease. The current study tested this hypothesis by exposing C57BL/6 mice that were 6 weeks, 5 months or 18 months old to the herbicide paraquat, the fungicide maneb or paraquat + maneb, a combination that produces a Parkinson's disease phenotype in young adult mice. Paraquat + maneb-induced reductions in locomotor activity and motor coordination were age dependent, with 18-month-old mice most affected and exhibiting failure to recover 24 h post-treatment. Three months post-treatment, reductions in locomotor activity and deficits in motor coordination were sustained in 5-month-old and further reduced in 18-month-old paraquat + maneb groups. Progressive reductions in dopamine metabolites and dopamine turnover were greatest in 18-month-old paraquat + maneb and paraquat groups 3 months post-treatment. Increased tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme activity compensated for striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein and/or dopamine loss following treatment in 6-week-old and 5-month-old, but not 18-month-old paraquat and paraquat + maneb mice. Numbers of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons were reduced in all age groups following paraquat alone and paraquat + maneb exposure, but these losses, along with decreases in striatal tyrosine hydroxylase protein levels, were progressive in 18-month-old paraquat and paraquat + maneb groups between 2 weeks and 3 months post-exposure. Collectively, these data demonstrate enhanced sensitivity of the ageing nigrostriatal dopamine pathway to these pesticides, particularly paraquat + maneb, resulting in irreversible and progressive neurotoxicity.