gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decimal floating-point: algorism for computers (2004)

Decimal arithmetic is the norm in human calculations, and human centric applications must use a decimal floating point arithmetic to achieve the same results. Initial benchmarks indicate that some applications spend 50% to 90% of their time in decimal processing, because software decimal arithmetic suffers a 100/spl times/ to 1000/spl times/ performance penalty over hardware. The need for decimal floating point in hardware is urgent. Existing designs, however, either fail to conform to modern standards or are incompatible with the established rules of decimal arithmetic. We introduce a new approach to decimal floating point which not only provides the strict results which are necessary for commercial applications but also meets the constraints and requirements of the IEEE 854 standard. A hardware implementation of this arithmetic is in development, and it is expected that this will significantly accelerate a wide variety of applications.
A Structured Design of Multiple-Valued LSI/VLSI with Built-In Testing Capability. (1983)

Abstract : In this paper a structured design of subsystems of an MV LSI/VLSI chip with built-in testing capability is presented. This structured design which uses multiplexers and DFF's is obtained through the use of a tree-structured ASM chart. Since these circuits are highly structured and the procedure for obtaining the circuit values of the design from the ASM chart is rather straightforward and systematic, this design process may be adapted for automation. (Author)
RNA binding properties of poliovirus subviral particles (1995)

The mechanism of encapsidation of the RNA genome of poliovirus and other picornaviruses is unknown. To test whether any of the putative assembly intermediates of poliovirus could interact directly with the poliovirus RNA genome, poliovirus RNA was attached to magnetic streptavidin beads and incubated with partially purified extracts containing 35S-labeled 14S pentamer and 75S empty-capsid subviral particles from infected cells. The amount of labeled protein bound to the beads was monitored, thus testing the RNA-binding activities of only the labeled viral proteins in the preparations. In this assay, nonspecific RNA-binding activity was displayed by the 14S pentameric particles and mature virons. 75S empty capsids displayed no propensity to associate with RNA. 14S pentamers were demonstrated to form rapidly sedimenting complexes and to undergo a conformational alteration upon RNA binding. These findings are consistent with a direct role for the 14S pentameric particles in RNA packaging during poliovirus morphogenesis.
Optical properties and fabrication of dielectric metasurfaces based on amorphous silicon nanodisk arrays (2019)

Dielectric metasurfaces based on amorphous silicon (a-Si) nanodisks are interesting for nanophotonic applications due to the high refractive index and mature/low temperature fabrication of a-Si. The investigated metasurfaces consist of a-Si nanodisk arrays embedded in a transparent film. The diameter-dependent optical properties of the nanodisk Mie resonators have been investigated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and spectrally-resolved reflectivity and transmission measurements. Well-ordered substrate-free a-Si nanodisk arrays were fabricated and characterized with regard to their broadband anti-reflection properties when placed on a crystalline silicon (c-Si) surface, and reflectivity/ transmission properties when embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film. Our results confirm broadband anti-reflection when placed on silicon, while the optical characteristics of the nanodisks embedded in PDMS are shown to be potentially useful for color/NIR filter applications as well as for coloring on the micro/nanoscale.
EEG power spectrum analysis for monitoring depth of anaesthesia during experimental surgery (2008)

The first attempts to introduce computerized power spectrum analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as an intraoperative anaesthesia monitoring device started approximately 30 years ago. Since that time, the effects of various anaesthetic agents, sedative and analgesic drugs on the EEG pattern have been addressed in numerous studies in human patients and different animal species. These studies revealed dose-dependent changes in the EEG power spectrum for many intravenous and volatile anaesthetics. Moreover, EEG responses evoked by surgical stimuli during relative light levels of surgical anaesthesia have been classified as 'arousal' and 'paradoxical arousal' reaction, previously referred to as 'desynchronization' and 'synchronization', respectively. Contrasting reports on the correlation between quantitative EEG (QEEG) variables derived from power spectrum analysis (i.e. spectral edge frequency, median frequency) and simultaneously recorded clinical signs such as movement and haemodynamic responses, however, limited the routine use of intraoperative EEG monitoring. In addition, the appearance of EEG burst suppression pattern and isoelectricity at clinically relevant concentrations/doses of newer general anaesthetics (i.e. isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol) may have weakened the dose-related EEG changes previously reported. Despite these findings, the EEG power spectrum analysis may still provide valuable information during intraoperative monitoring in the individual subject. The information obtained from EEG power spectrum analysis may be further supplemented by newer EEG indices such as bispectral index and approximate entropy or other neurophysiological monitors including auditory evoked potentials or somatosensory evoked potentials.
Involvement of a Lysine-specific Cysteine Proteinase in Hemoglobin Adsorption and Heme Accumulation by Porphyromonas gingivalis (1998)

The oral anaerobic bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen of advanced adult periodontitis, produces a novel class of cysteine proteinases in both cell-associated and secretory forms. A lysine-specific cysteine proteinase (Lys-gingipain, KGP), as well as an arginine-specific cysteine proteinase (Arg-gingipain), is a major trypsin-like proteinase of the organism. Recent studies indicate that the secreted KGP is implicated in the destruction of periodontal tissue and the disruption of host defense mechanisms. In this study, we have constructed a KGP-deficient mutant to determine whether the cell-associated KGP is important for pathophysiology of the organism. Although the mutant retained the strong ability to disrupt the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, its hemagglutination activity was reduced to about one-half that observed with the wild-type strain. More important, the mutant did not form black-pigmented colonies on blood agar plates, indicating the defect of hemoglobin adsorption and heme accumulation. Immunoblot analysis showed that the expression of a 19-kDa hemoglobin receptor protein, which is thought to be responsible for hemoglobin binding by the organism, was greatly retarded in this mutant. The mutant also showed a marked decrease in the ability to degrade fibrinogen. These results suggest the possible involvement of KGP in the hemoglobin binding and heme accumulation of the organism and in the bleeding tendency in periodontal pockets.
A mutant human proinsulin is secreted from islets of Langerhans in increased amounts via an unregulated pathway. (1988)

A coding mutation in the human insulin gene (His-B10----Asp) is associated with familial hyperproinsulinemia. To model this syndrome, we have produced transgenic mice that express high levels of the mutant prohormone in their islets of Langerhans. Strain 24-6 mice, containing about 100 copies of the mutant gene, were normoglycemic but had marked increases of serum human proinsulin immunoreactive components. Biosynthetic studies on isolated islets revealed that approximately 65% of the proinsulin synthesized in these mice was the human mutant form. Unlike the normal endogenous mouse proinsulin, which was almost exclusively handled via a regulated secretory pathway, up to 15% of the human [Asp10]proinsulin was rapidly secreted after synthesis via an unregulated or constitutive pathway, and approximately 20% was degraded within the islet cells. The secreted human [Asp10]proinsulin was not processed proteolytically. However, the processing of the normal mouse and human mutant proinsulins within the islets from transgenic mice was not significantly impaired. These findings suggest that the hyperproinsulinemia of the patients is the result of the continuous secretion of unprocessed mutant prohormone from the islets via this alternative unregulated pathway.
NetTrust - Recommendation System for Embedding Trust in a Virtual Realm (2007)

NetTrust is a system that embeds social context in browsing by combining individual histories, social networks, and explicit ratings. NetTrust embeds two types of recommendation systems to communicate recommendations about the trustworthiness of a website. The flrst recommendation system uses shared browsing histories from a user’s self- selected social networks to create both explicit and implicit data collection. The second recommendation system is based on listings by third parties. NetTrust targets the human element of trust and proposes reputation based solutions to issues of trust on the web. The reputation systems used in NetTrust allow an individual to select their own trusted sources of information and rate particular sites as trustworthy (or not). NetTrust allows an individual to select their own trusted sources of information from a market of ratings agencies and combine these ratings with the reputation information from their individual social network.
Monolithic integration of Mach-Zehnder modulators with Sampled Grating Distributed Bragg Reflector lasers (2002)

The growing demand for optical and RF bandwidth at lower cost continues to drive the integration of photonic circuits. Devices have been fabricated that integrate Distributed Feedback lasers (DFBs) with Electro-Absorption Modulators (EAMs) [1], or Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulators [2]. More recently, tunable Sampled-Grating Distributed-Bragg-Reflector (SGDBR) lasers have been integrated with EAMs [3] and Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers [4] (SOAs) to provide full C-Band tunabihty with over lOdB RF extinction and 30-40mW output power [5]. The SGDBR is well suited for integration with modulators and other components due to the lithographically defined mirrors that do not require facet reflections for operation. The incorporation of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer allows for tailorable chirp and a relatively low drive voltage for modulation (<2V) without the coupling losses associated with discrete devices. This compact MZ-SGDBR transmitter is well suited for both digital and analog applications.
Apophyllite group: effects of chemical substitutions on dehydration behaviour, recrystallization products and cell parameters (1990)

Abstract The effects of (OH)/F substitutions on thermally induced reactions in the apophyllite group have been investigated using TGA and DTA methods, supplemented by X-ray diffraction, infra-red and other techniques to identify the products of reaction. The samples studied cover the range between fluorapophyllite and hydroxyapophyllite, and include some unusual ammonium varieties. The presence or absence of fluorine exerts a major control on thermally induced reactions, not only during low-temperature dehydration, but also on high temperature recrystallization reactions up to 900°C+. All apophyllites dehydrate in two stages, the first being loss of a proportion of the water with only minor distortion of the crystal lattice, whereas the second results in total collapse into an amorphous material. Higher fluorine concentrations stabilize the structure, shifting dehydration reactions to higher temperatures, and permitting more water molecules to be lost during the first stage without destruction of the structure. Fluorine is not lost during the second-stage dehydration, as previously believed, but most is retained and influences subsequent recrystallization reactions. Dehydrated hydroxyapophyllites remain amorphous until ca. 900°C, when high-temperature wollastonite crystallizes. Fluorapophyllites initially form a metastable CaF 2 .SiO 2 phase by 700°C, low-temperature wollastonite by 800°C, both disappearing above 900°C when fluorine loss occurs and high-temperature wollastonite is produced. TGA and DTA provide simple methods of distinguishing between hydroxy- and fluorapophyllites. Ammonian apophyllites, with up to 25% of the stoichiometric K + replaced by NH 4 + (in the samples studied), can be recognized by their DTA patterns, the endothermic peak for the second stage reaction being significantly reduced, and that for the first, dehydration, stage being correspondingly enhanced. Such samples have weight losses well above the calculated water content, the excess being due to evolution of ammonia. Ammonian varieties also have an extra infra-red absorption band at 1460 cm −1 .
Wheat Leaf Rust: Control by 4- <i>n</i> -Butyl-1,2,4-triazole, a Systemic Fungicide (1970)

Compound 4-n-butyl-1,2,4-triazole was demonstrated as an enduring and selective systemic fungicide for the control of wheat leaf rust by foliar and soil applications. Among several species of rust fungi treated, only wheat leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob.) was controlled. Wheat stem rust, for example, was unaffected by either soil or foliar applications.
Quantum-noise-limited sensitivity of an interferometer using a phase generated carrier demodulation scheme (2002)

The quantum-noise-limited sensitivity is derived for a two-beam interferometer, which uses a phase generated carrier demodulation scheme. For surface-disturbance-detecting sensors, this sensitivity limit is expressed in terms of the smallest displacement that may be detected if the signal-to-noise ratio is unity. We determine the quantum-noise-limited displacement of the classical Michelson interferometer to be 5 pm.
Fukutin-related protein is essential for mouse muscle, brain and eye development and mutation recapitulates the wide clinical spectrums of dystroglycanopathies (2010)

Mutations in fukutin-related protein (FKRP) cause a common subset of muscular dystrophies characterized by aberrant glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG), collectively known as dystroglycanopathies. The clinical variations associated with FKRP mutations range from mild limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2I with predominantly muscle phenotypes to severe Walker-Warburg syndrome and muscle-eye-brain disease with striking structural brain and eye defects. In the present study, we have generated animal models and demonstrated that ablation of FKRP functions is embryonic lethal and that the homozygous-null embryos die before reaching E12.5. The homozygous knock-in mouse carrying the missense P448L mutation almost completely lacks functional glycosylation of α-DG in muscles and brain, validating the essential role of FKRP in the functional glycosylation of α-DG. However, the knock-in mouse survives and develops a wide range of structural abnormalities in the central nervous system, characteristics of neuronal migration defects. The brain and eye defects are highly reminiscent of the phenotypes seen in severe dystroglycanopathy patients. In addition, skeletal muscles develop progressive muscular dystrophy. Our results confirm that post-translational modifications of α-DG are essential for normal development of the brain and eyes. In addition, both the mutation itself and the levels of FKRP expression are equally critical for the survival of the animals. The exceptionally wide clinical spectrums recapitulated in the P448L mice also suggest the involvement of other factors in the disease progression. The mutant mouse represents a valuable model to further elucidate the functions of FKRP and develop therapies for FKRP-related muscular dystrophies.
Annexin 3 is associated with cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils and monocytes and translocates to the plasma membrane in activated cells (1994)

Annexins are soluble proteins capable of binding to phospholipid membranes in a calcium-dependent manner. Annexin 3, a 33 kDa protein mainly expressed in neutrophils, aggregates granules in cell-free assays, and a 36 kDa variant of this protein, specifically expressed in monocytes, has recently been identified. To obtain further information on these proteins, we defined their subcellular localization in resting and activated cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Both proteins were associated with cytoplasmic granules in resting cells. We obtained evidence to indicate that, in neutrophils which possess a heterogenous granule population, annexin 3 was more likely to be associated with the specific granules. In cells activated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or opsonized zymosan, the 33 kDa and 36 kDa proteins translocated to the plasma or the phagosome membrane. Upon stimulation with A23187, annexin 3 translocated to the plasma membrane only in neutrophils. We also report that while annexin 3 was associated with restricted membranes in intact cells, it binds indiscriminately to every membrane fraction in cell-free assay. In conclusion, association of both forms of annexin 3 with granules suggests that these proteins could be implicated in processes of granule fusion.
Exploring Oxidation of Half-Sandwich Rhodium Complexes: Oxygen Atom Insertion into the Rhodium–Carbon Bond of κ<sup>2</sup>-Coordinated 2-Phenylpyridine (2014)

The reactions of oxygen atom transfer reagents with Rh(Cp*) complexes, each with a bidentate ligand and an accessible coordination site, are described (Cp* = η5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl). When [Rh(Cp*)(phpy)(NCArF)][B(ArF)4] (1, phpy = 2-phenylene-κC1′-pyridine-κN, NCArF = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile, B(ArF)4 = tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate) was treated with the soluble oxygen atom transfer reagent 2-tert-butylsulfonyliodosylbenzene (sPhIO), oxygen atom insertion into the rhodium–carbon bond of coordinated phpy was observed. This resulted in the formation of a κ2 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoxide ligand. Following insertion to form a new bidentate ligand, a second equivalent of sPhIO, acting as a neutral, two-electron donor ligand, coordinated to the rhodium center through the iodosyl oxygen. Over time, the sPhIO ligand dissociates and dimerization occurs to generate a phenoxide-bridged dinuclear species. The 2-(2-pyridyl)phenoxide ligand could be protonated and cleaved from the mononuclear rhodium-(sPhIO) adduct by treating with a carboxylic acid (pivalic acid) at room temperature. In addition, when rhodium complex 1 was treated with excess phpy (14 equiv), hydrogen peroxide, and acetic acid, 5 equiv of 2-(2-pyridyl)phenol formed. Deactivation of the organometallic species, probably due to oxidative degradation of Cp*, severely limited this catalysis.
An Inter-Track Interference Mitigation Technique Using Partial ITI Estimation in Patterned Media Storage (2009)

The readback signal of patterned media storage (PMS) is corrupted by a two-dimensional interference consisting of inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-track interference (ITI). In this paper, we apply the turbo equalization to mitigate the ITI effects. The codeword of the outer code is divided and then written on three separate tracks. After the first iteration, the bit estimates from the outer code provide partial ITI estimates for the branch metric computation in the soft-output viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detectors. Unlike previous works, the number of states of the channel trellis is due to the ISI only since the ITI information is not embedded in the parallel branches. When compared with the modified SOVA detectors with multi-parallel branches, simulation results show that a significant performance gain is achieved by our proposed method.
Engineering Nanocomposite Materials for Cancer Therapy (2010)

Cancer accounted for 13% of all deaths worldwide in 2005. Although early detection is critical for the successful treatment of many cancers, there are sensitivity limitations associated with current detection methodologies. Furthermore, many traditional anticancer drug treatments exhibit limited efficacy and cause high morbidity. The unique physical properties of nanoscale materials can be utilized to produce novel and effective sensors for cancer diagnosis, agents for tumor imaging, and therapeutics for cancer treatment. Functionalizing inorganic nanoparticles with biocompatible polymers and natural or rationally designed biomolecules offers a route towards engineering responsive and multifunctional composite systems. Although only a few such innovations have reached human clinical trial to date, nanocomposite materials based on functionalized metal and semiconductor nanoparticles promise to transform the way cancer is diagnosed and treated. This review summarizes the current state-of-the-art in the development of inorganic nanocomposites for cancer-related applications.
Scintillation properties of O 1/spl times/1 Inch/sup 3/ LaBr/sub 3/: 5%Ce/sup 3+/ crystal (2006)

The scintillation properties of the first large O 1/spl times/1 inch/sup 3/ LaBr/sub 3/:5%Ce/sup 3+/ scintillator were studied under /spl gamma/-ray excitation. This crystal is a LaBr/sub 3/:5%Ce/sup 3+/ standard product from Saint Gobain company. The sample was cut and polished by the manufacturer from a larger size crystal boule. It was then assembled in a cylindric aluminum case with a front glass window. The results are compared with those recorded with a 0.4/spl times/0.3/spl bsol/,/spl times/0.5 inch/sup 3/ unpacked crystal. The highest light yield of 21500/spl plusmn/2200 photoelectrons per MeV (60500/spl plusmn/6000 photons per MeV) of absorbed /spl gamma/-ray energy was measured for the unpacked crystal-compared to 16800/spl plusmn/1700 photoelectrons per MeV for the O1/spl times/1 inch/sup 3/ sample. At room temperature the scintillation decays with a decay time of 16/spl plusmn/1 ns. The 0.4/spl times/0.3/spl times/0.5 inch/sup 3/ unpacked crystal-coupled to photomultiplier tube (Hamamatsu R1791) and measured at 662 keV-exhibited an energy resolution of 2.8%, better than the one of the O1/spl times/1 inch/sup 3/ crystal (3.1%). Special attention was devoted to energy and temperature dependencies of scintillation properties: the results show a good proportionality for light output versus /spl gamma/-ray energy. The light output deviates from the linear response of 5% between 20 keV and 2 MeV. Furthermore temperature dependency of gamma-ray excited decay time (80-700 K) does not indicate the presence of thermal quenching from the cerium 5d state. These characteristics suggest a broad range of applications for the LaBr/sub 3/:5%Ce/sup 3+/ scintillator.
MACHINE LEARNING BASED DATACENTER MONITORING FRAMEWORK (2016)

Monitoring the health of large data centers is a major concern with the ever-increasing demand of grid/cloud computing and the higher need of computational power. In a High Performance Computing (HPC) environment, the need to maintain high availability makes monitoring tasks and hardware more daunting and demanding. As data centers grow it becomes hard to manage the complex interactions between different systems. Many open source systems have been implemented which give specific state of any individual machine using Nagios, Ganglia or Torque monitoring software.\n\nIn this work we focus on the detection and prediction of data center anomalies by using a machine learning based approach. We present the idea of using monitoring data from multiple monitoring solutions and formulating a single high dimensional vector based model, which further is fed into a machine-learning algorithm. In this approach we will find patterns and associations among the different attributes of a data center, which remain hidden in the single system context. The use of disparate monitoring systems in conjunction will give a holistic view of the cluster with an increase in the probability of finding critical issues before they occur as well as alert the system administrator.