gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Ultrasonic Effect on the Crystallazition of Ammonium Molybdate in Aqueous Solution (2002)

The effect of ultrasonic wave on the crystallization of ammonium molybdate aqueous solution was studied. The crystalline and thermochemical property under ultrasonic effect were discussed. It is indicated that ultrasonic has a great effect on the reaction system of preparing b-type ammonium tetramolybdate. The crystallization time was shortened from 1~2 d to 10~20 min under ultrasonic and the crystalline form became microcrystal-type under ultrasonic. The total energy and condensation of atoms of H2Mo7O244 and [(MoO2)(MoO3)x1]2+(x=1, 2, 3) were computed at the HF/ 321G, STO3G level, and their geometrical structures were optimized using the molecular mechanics optimization method. The calculation results show that the reason of transformation from H2Mo7O244 to [(MoO2)(MoO3)x1]2+ at pH 2.3~2.5 is the effect of ultrasonic. All ab initio calculations were performed with the Gaussian98 program.
MASSIVE STEROIDS DO NOT REDUCE THE ZONE OF INJURY AFTER PENETRATING SPINAL CORD INJURY (1994)

The National Acute Spinal Cord Injury Study II concluded in 1990 that high-dose methylprednisolone (MP) improved neurologic recovery after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI). We tested this conclusion by analysis of 54 patients with ASCI; 25 patients were treated without MP before 1990 whereas 29 patients were treated with MP after 1990. Neurologic deficit was assessed regularly, in most cases daily. Motor and sensory scores on admission, and best results at one-half week (days 2 to 4), 1 week (days 6 to 10), 2 weeks (days 11 to 21), 1 month, and 2 months were noted for both groups. Motor assessment was recorded in 22 muscle segments on a scale of 0 (complete deficit) to 5 (normal); the range, thus, was 0 to 110. The 23 patients with closed injuries demonstrated no difference in improvement with or without MP. In contrast, MP was associated with impaired improvement in the patients with penetrating wounds; the 15 patients with no MP therapy had an admission motor score of 49, which increased by 6.9 at one-half week, whereas the 16 patients treated with MP had an admission motor score of 48, which decreased by 0.3 at one-half week (p = 0.03). The neural status seen by day 4 persisted throughout the next 2 months. Changes in sensation paralleled the changes in motor function. We conclude that MP therapy for penetrating ASCI may impair recovery of neurologic function.
Resonant Photonic Biosensors with Polarization-Based Multiparametric Discrimination in Each Channel (2011)

In this paper, we describe guided-mode resonance biochemical sensor technology. We briefly discuss sensor fabrication and show measured binding dynamics for example biomaterials in use in our laboratories. We then turn our attention to a particularly powerful attribute of this technology not possessed by competing methods. This attribute is the facile generation of multiple resonance peaks at an identical physical location on the sensor surface. These peaks respond uniquely to the biomolecular event, thereby enriching the data set available for event quantification. The peaks result from individual, polarization-dependent resonant leaky modes that are the foundation of this technology. Thus, by modeling the binding event and fitting to a rigorous electromagnetic formalism, we can determine individual attributes of the biolayer and its surroundings and avoid a separate reference site for background monitoring. Examples provide dual-polarization quantification of biotin binding to a silane-coated sensor as well as binding of the cancer biomarker protein calreticulin to its monoclonal IgG capture antibody. Finally, we present dual-polarization resonance response for poly (allylamine hydrochloride) binding to the sensor with corresponding results of backfitting to a simple model; this differentiates the contributions from biolayer adhesion and background changes.
Purification and Characterization of ${\alpha}$ -L-Arabinosidase from Trichoderma sp. SY (2005)

-L-arabinofuranosidase (AF) usingarabinose as a carbon source. AF grown on cellulose as a carbon source was purified 28-fold with 4.4%yield by DEAE exchange and HQ/20 cation exchange chromatographies The purified enzyme wasfound to be homogeneous on SDS-PAGE with molecular weight of 89 kDa. It exhibited a high level ofactivity with
The information structure of distributed mutual exclusion algorithms (1987)

The concept of an information structure is introduced as a unifying principle behind several of the numerous algorithms that have been proposed for the distributed mutual exclusion problem. This approach allows the development of a generalized mutual exclusion algorithm that accepts a particular information structure at initialization and realizes both known and new algorithms as special cases. Two simple performance metrics of a realized algorithm can be obtained directly from the information structure. A new failure recovery mechanism called local recovery, which requires no coordination between nodes and no additional messages beyond that needed for failure detection, is introduced.
Social spam detection (2009)

The popularity of social bookmarking sites has made them prime targets for spammers. Many of these systems require an administrator's time and energy to manually filter or remove spam. Here we discuss the motivations of social spam, and present a study of automatic detection of spammers in a social tagging system. We identify and analyze six distinct features that address various properties of social spam, finding that each of these features provides for a helpful signal to discriminate spammers from legitimate users. These features are then used in various machine learning algorithms for classification, achieving over 98% accuracy in detecting social spammers with 2% false positives. These promising results provide a new baseline for future efforts on social spam. We make our dataset publicly available to the research community.
Uniformly valid solution for acoustic propagation in weakly tapered circular waveguides: Liquid jet example (2008)

The propagation of ultrasound down laminar liquid jets has potential applications to the stimulation of liquid drop production [J. B. Lonzaga, C. F. Osterhoudt, D. B. Thiessen, and P. L. Marston, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 121, 3323-3330 (2007)] as well as to the coupling of ultrasound to objects through contact with a jet. In normal gravity, a jet issuing from a nozzle becomes tapered as the jet accelerates downward. A uniformly valid solution for the acoustic propagation in a weakly tapered, liquid jet waveguide in air with a turning point is derived using Langer's transformation and the method of multiple scales. The loss of energy from transmission into the air and from thermal viscous absorption is neglected. A solvability condition is used to obtain the leading-order correction due to the taper of the waveguide. This asymptotic solution is validated using finite-element numerical calculations. The ultrasonic wave amplitude is enhanced in the region of the jet close to the cutoff of the excited mode.
Chemical and Biological Oxidation of Thiophene:  Preparation and Complete Characterization of Thiophene <i>S</i>-Oxide Dimers and Evidence for Thiophene <i>S</i>-Oxide as an Intermediate in Thiophene Metabolism <i>in Vivo</i> and <i>in Vitro</i> (1997)

Direct evidence for the involvement of thiophene S-oxide as a key primary reactive intermediate in the metabolism of thiophene (1) in rats was obtained from the isolation of two diastereoisomeric thiophene S-oxide dimers, 4a and 4b, both in vitro (oxidation of thiophene with rat liver microsomes) and in vivo (isolation of 4a from rat urine). The structure of these dimers was established after an original preparation of identical samples by oxidation of thiophene with H2O2 and CF3COOH. In fact, the H2O2/CF3COOH system appeared to be the best oxidizing agent for the selective transformation of thiophene to its S-oxide. The complete determination of the structures of 4a and 4b was carried out for the first time by X-ray diffraction for the former and by a sequence of chemical reactions for the latter. The reported results indicate two fates for thiophene S-oxide in vivo: (i) its dimerization via a Diels−Alder reaction and (ii) its reaction with nucleophiles such as glutathione leading eventually to mercapturates. These results together with recent literature data on thiophene derivatives suggest that thiophene S-oxides, a class of reactive intermediates whose chemistry is still not well-known, could play a central role in the metabolism and toxic effects of thiophenes in mammals. This situation would be different from that observed in the metabolism of other aromatic compounds, such as benzene or furan, in which arene oxides are predominant intermediates.
Semantic Segmentation of Brain MRI Based on U-net Network and Edge Loss (2020)

Brain MRI analysis is of great significance for extracting clinical information from patients and providing diagnostic recommendations for doctors. However, brain MRI is difficult to detect and segment because of its complex structure and great difference. To deal with these problems, in the field of medical image semantic segmentation, the model based on U-net structure in the depth neural network model has excellent performance. In this work, in order to increased the influence of image edge pixels on segmentation results and improved the accuracy of medical image segmentation, we provided a more optimized U-net model that can be applied to medical image semantic segmentation. The model integrated the convolution block attention module and after the feature extraction, combined with the edge detection network, the segmentation effect of edge pixels was enhanced. At the same time, by improving the residual convolution block, the amount of parameters was greatly reduced. On the BraTS-2017 data set, we had good experiment results.
Interleukin-18 Induces Retinal Pigment Epithelium Degeneration in Mice (2014)

Interleukin-18 did not show a pro- or antiangiogenic effect on mouse laser-induced CNVs (laser-CNVs), whereas it directly induced RPE cell apoptosis in the mouse eye. Our results suggested that IL-18 is associated with dry AMD, but not with wet AMD.
Progress in research of lncRNA-PVT1 in high amplification regions of tumor (2017)

With the development of the technology, sequencing of the whole genome has shown that many of non-coding RNA can participate in tumorogenesis. However, the research of lncRNA remains unknown comparing to small non-coding RNA. PVT1 (Plasmacytoma variant translocation 1), a lncRNA encoded by human Pvt1 gene, is located in 8q24 region called desert . It is involved in several molecular mechanisms: participating in DNA rearrangements, encoding microRNA, interacting with MYC, and regulating its stability. DMs (Double minutes) is a means of the gene amplification. It carries some oncogenes and drug resistant genes. PVT1 is on the DMs of many cell lines. The study of PVT1 reveals that it is a potential oncogene in many tumors. However, the function of PVT1 still requires much study.


Key words: 
LncRNA; PVT1; Tumor
Total Ankle Arthroplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Long-term Follow-up Study (1988)

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis who had undergone total ankle arthroplasty and had a minimum of 2 yr follow-up were studied. Of the original 21 patients 17 were available for review. Twenty-three ankle replacements with an average follow-up of 5.6 yr were studied. On follow-up 2 ankles were rated excellent, 13 were rated good, 4 were rated fair, and 4 were rated poor. Thus, 83% were satisfactory on follow-up. Radiographic analysis revealed migration and settling of the talar component in 14 of 15 cases. Bone cement radiolucencies were found in 14 of 15 cases. Bone cement radiolucencies were found in 14 of 15 tibial components with tilting in 12 of these components. The postoperative position of the implant did not correlate with the development of radiolucencies or migration of the implant.
Effect of double sintering on the properties of porous ceramic (2008)

This present work reports the fabrication of porous ceramic through thermal treatment of
powder mixture of alumina and starch. The effects of double sintering on the properties of
porous ceramic were investigated. The mixture was milled and then the dried powder below
63 m was sintered in powder form at 1100°C, 1200°C, 1300°C, 1400°C and 1500°C.
Meanwhile, the second stage sintering at 1500°C was implemented after powder pressing.
All sintering process was carried out for 2 hours. The mechanical and physical properties
such as porosity, density, modulus of rupture and hardness have been analyzed. The
modulus of rupture has risen up to 14.704MPa which has successfully improved it about five
times higher compared to the strength for single sintered sample. Besides that, the hardness
value for double sintered porous ceramic could be increased until 35.90HV. The results have
proven that double sintering process able to improve the density, hardness and strength of
porous ceramic significantly. These ceramic bodies may have a potential use in a wide range
of applications due to an excellent combination of properties.
BEHAVIORS ASSOCIATED WITH WATER CONTACT AND SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM INFECTION IN A RURAL VILLAGE, THE DONGTING LAKE REGION, CHINA (2006)

Although identification of water contact patterns is one of the most important factors for the prevention of Schistosoma japonicum infection, it is still insufficient for clarifying specific high-risk behaviors and their implications. Parasitological studies and behavioral observations were carried out in a rural village, the Dongting Lake region, China. A time-allocation study conducted by a time-saving spot-check method was implemented to quantify the behavioral risks. Of the 122 participants, 18 (14.8%; 95% confidence interval: 8.5, 21.0) were positive for S. japonicum. Among those diagnosed, the median (25−75% quartile) eggs per gram was 8 (8−16). A significant positive correlation with worm intensity was found among people who repair ships on the marshland (p&It;0.001), and this potential risk was consistent with previous suggestions. Although the parasitological techniques and study design require further improvements, our observational methods may be of use to explicitly identify behaviors at the local level that could be relevant to prevention.
Report of 1,000 Hour Catalyst Longevity Evaluation (2009)

This report presents the results of a 1,000 hour, high-pressure, catalyst longevity test for the decomposition of concentrated sulfuric acid. The reaction is used for both the sulfur-iodine (S-I) cycle and hybrid sulfur cycle. By the time of the delivery date of April 17, 2009, for project milestone no. 2NIN07TC050114, the 1% Pt/TiO2 catalyst had been in the reaction environment for 658 hours. During the first 480 hours of testing, the catalyst activity provided stable, near-equilibrium yields of 46.8% SO2 and 22.8% O2. However, product yields declined at sample exposure times >480 hours. At 658 hours of operation, catalyst activity (based on oxygen yield) declined to 57% relative to the stable period of catalyst activity. Thus, as of April 17, this catalyst did not provide the desired stability level of <10% degradation per 1,000 hours. The experiment was terminated on April 27, after 792 hours, when a fitting failed and the catalyst was displaced from the reactor such that the sample could not be recovered. Oxygen conversion at the end of the experiment was 12.5% and declining, suggesting that at that point, catalyst activity had decreased to 54% of the initial level.
Transfer Factors: Identification of Conserved Sequences in Transfer Factor Molecules (2000)

These findings suggest that the peptides may represent the portion of transfer factors that binds to the "target cells" for transfer factors. Identification of these cells will be helpful in defining the mechanisms of action of transfer factors.
Platelet aggregation in young men with contrasting predisposition to high blood pressure (1999)

In essential hypertension, abnormal platelet function may induce vasospasm and predispose to thrombotic vascular occlusion. We studied in vitro aggregability in platelets from young men with contrasting predisposition to hypertension, defined by their own blood pressure and blood pressures of their parents. Among offspring of parents with low blood pressure, higher blood pressure was associated with impaired aggregation in response to epinephrine (2 x 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-6) mol/L), which was unaffected by endothelin-1 (10(-9) mol/L). By contrast, among offspring of parents with high blood pressure, higher blood pressure was associated with normal aggregation to epinephrine and potentiation of the primary phase of aggregation by endothelin-1. We conclude that enhanced platelet sensitivity to endothelin-1 appears to be a feature of the familial predisposition to hypertension, rather than a nonspecific consequence of high blood pressure.
Real-Time Dehazing for Image and Video (2010)

Outdoor photography and computer vision tasks often suffer from bad weather conditions, observed objects lose visibility and contrast due to the presence of atmospheric haze, fog, and smoke. In this paper, we propose a new method for real-time image and video dehazing. Based on a newly presented haze-free image prior - dark channel prior and a common haze imaging model, for a single input image, we can estimate the global atmospheric light and extract the scene objects transmission. To prevent artifacts, we refine the transmission using a cross-bilateral filter, and finally the haze-free frame can be restored by inversing the haze imaging model. The whole process is highly parallelized, and can be easily implemented on modern GPUs to achieve real-time performance. Comparing with existing methods, our approach provides similar or better results with much less processing time. The proposed method can be further used for many applications such as outdoor surveillance, remote sensing, and intelligent vehicles. In addition, rough depth information of the scene can be obtained as a by-product.
Nanostructured α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Electrodes for Solar Driven Water Splitting: Effect of Doping Agents on Preparation and Performance (2009)

Si-doped nanostructured hematite (α-Fe2O3) has attracted significant attention as a low-cost, high-efficiency candidate material for photoelectrochemical water splitting. In this work, we investigated the effect of Si incorporation on the preparation and performance of α-Fe2O3 films produced by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD). Structural, optical, electrical, and photoelectrochemical characterization of doped and undoped hematite films was performed using XRD, FIB/SEM, Raman spectroscopy, UV−vis absorption spectroscopy, J-V and electrochemical capacitance measurements. It was concluded from the XPS data that Si is incorporated in the hematite structure as Si4+. The results suggest that Si-free additives as well as the use of fluorinated transparent conducting oxide (FTO) substrates can influence the preferred orientation of hematite films. It was also found that the incorporation of silicon at very low levels led to the formation of disorder in the hematite structure. Moreover, it is shown that the optical bandgap of Si-doped film increased with the increase of TEOS flow rate. It contributed to the reduction in the size of the hematite nanoparticles and the size quantization effect. The observed donor densities for the doped samples seemed to be much higher than the true values, mainly because the total capacitance measured was higher than space charge layer capacitance, which resulted from the surface area enhancement in the doped films. Therefore, it is considered that donor densities of doped films were smaller than that of the undoped hematite films.
Performance characteristics of a microwave plasma source using an axial mirror and multipole magnetic fields (1992)

The performance characteristics of a microwave plasma source are presented. The plasma source consists of two chambers: chamber 1 generates a high-density plasma over which a magnetic field is applied at electron cyclotron resonance condition or greater, and chamber 2 makes the plasma uniform in its lower region by surrounding the peripheral region with magnetic multipole line-cusp fields. Plasma parameters were measured with a movable Langmuir probe located 1 cm above a plasma grid which is attached at the bottom of chamber 2. The dependence of plasma parameters on the magnetic field configuration, gas pressure and microwave power were examined, and radial distributions were measured. Uniform high-density plasmas over a 9-cm-diam area were produced on the plasma grid in a suitable magnetic field configuration, and uniformity was maintained over a wide pressure range. The uniform density region was determined by the magnetic multipole fields existing in chamber 2’s peripheral region. The ion beam current density evaluated from the extracted ion beam correlated well with the ion saturation current density estimated from the plasma parameters.
Experimental study of motion control and trajectory planning for a Stewart Platform robot manipulator (2002)

The authors present solutions for the forward and inverse kinematics of a 6-DOF Stewart Platform-based robot manipulator and develop a trajectory planning scheme for tracking the robot manipulator straight-line motion. A force/torque transformation is derived for measuring forces/torques during a part assembly using two compliant platforms which also provide passive compliance to the manipulator gripper. Results of experiments conducted to evaluate the manipulator performance showed that the manipulator can track straight lines with negligible tracking errors, and that forces/torques applied to the manipulator during the mating/demating of a space-rated connector can be measured with considerable accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Antipsychotic Thioridazine Shows Promising Therapeutic Activity in a Mouse Model of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis (2010)

Multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis have emerged as grave threats to public health worldwide. Very few active drugs are available or likely to become available soon. To address these problems we revisited a classical observation, the applicability of phenothiazines as antimicrobial drugs. Within this pharmacological class we selected thioridazine, which is most efficacious and least toxic, when used as an antipsychotic drug. We tested thioridazine monotherapy in the Balb/c mouse model for its activity to treat both susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis by a two months daily oral administration of 32 and 70 mg/kg. In addition, we tested its additive value when combined with a standard first-line regimen for susceptible tuberculosis. Thioridazine treatment resulted in a significant reduction of colony-forming-units of the susceptible (-4.4 log CFU, p<0.05) and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis bacilli (-2.4 log CFU, p<0.009) in the lung both at one and two months after infection, compared to controls. Moreover, when thioridazine was added to a regimen containing rifampicin, isoniazid and pyrazinamide for susceptible tuberculosis, a significant synergistic effect was achieved (-6.2 vs -5.9 log CFU, p<0.01). Thioridazine may represent an effective compound for treatment of susceptible and multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The phenothiazines and their targets represent interesting novel opportunities in the search for antituberculosis drugs.