gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Tin Oxide (2010)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tin oxide (SnOx) films was achieved using a newly synthesized tin precursor and hydrogen peroxide. We obtained highly pure, conductive SnOx films at temperatures as low as 50 °C, which was possible because of high chemical reactivity between the new Sn precursor and hydrogen peroxide. The growth per cycle is around 0.18 nm/cycle in the ALD window up to 150 °C, and decreased at higher temperatures. Self-limited growth was demonstrated for both the Sn and O precursors. Thickness is linear in the number of cycles, with an induction period of not more than a few cycles. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements showed that the composition ratio of O/Sn is ∼2 and that the films do not contain any detectable carbon or nitrogen impurities. X-ray and electron diffraction analyses identified crystallites of SnO2 with the rutile structure and average grain size 5−10 nm. The density of the films is 83% of the bulk rutile phase. The surfaces are very smooth, with roughness about 3% of the film thickness. The lowest resistivity is about 10−2 ohm·cm. The mobility is over 7 cm2/V·s, and the free electron concentration reaches nearly 1020 cm−3. The dependence of mobility on temperature suggests that grain boundary scattering is the dominant electron scattering mechanism. The optical transmission of a 100 nm film is 87.8% and its absorption is 3.3% when averaged over the wavelengths from 400 to 800 nm. Over 80% uniformity of thickness was achieved inside holes with aspect ratios up to 50:1. This successful low temperature growth of conductive nanocrystalline SnOx films by ALD allows it to be exploited in transparent electrodes for displays, organic light emitting diodes, solar cells, conductive and protective coatings on plastic, microchannel electron multiplier plates, or as a semiconductor layer in transparent transistors.
Zero-Shot Deep Hashing and Neural Network Based Error Correction for Face Template Protection (2019)

In this paper, we present a novel architecture that integrates a deep hashing framework with a neural network decoder (NND) for application to face template protection. It improves upon existing face template protection techniques to provide better matching performance with one-shot and multi-shot enrollment. A key novelty of our proposed architecture is that the framework can also be used with zero-shot enrollment. This implies that our architecture does not need to be re-trained even if a new subject is to be enrolled into the system. The proposed architecture consists of two major components: a deep hashing (DH) component, which is used for robust mapping of face images to their corresponding intermediate binary codes, and a NND component, which corrects errors in the intermediate binary codes that are caused by differences in the enrollment and probe biometrics due to factors such as variation in pose, illumination, and other factors. The final binary code generated by the NND is then cryptographically hashed and stored as a secure face template in the database. The efficacy of our approach with zero-shot, one-shot, and multi-shot enrollments is shown for CMU-PIE, Extended Yale B, WVU multimodal and Multi-PIE face databases. With zero-shot enrollment, the system achieves approximately 85% genuine accept rates (GAR) at 0.01% false accept rate (FAR), and with one-shot and multi-shot enrollments, it achieves approximately 99.95% GAR at 0.01% FAR, while providing a high level of template security.
Terahertz near-field microspectroscopy (2010)

Using near-field, terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), we investigate how the addition of a dielectric material into a subwavelength-diameter, cylindrical waveguide affects its transmission properties. The THz electric near-field is imaged with deep subwavelength resolution as it emerges from filled and unfilled waveguides. Spectroscopic data measured for waveguides filled with polycrystalline D-tartaric acid, and with polyethylene and silicon powders, illustrate the feasibility of this approach for obtaining spectroscopic information from a tiny sample volume.
A search for fast pulsars in globular clusters (2006)

Millisecond pulsars (MSP) are old neutron stars that have been spun up to high spin frequencies(as fast as 716 Hz) through the accretion of matter from a companion star. The extreme stellar densities in the core of globular clusters creates numerous accreting neutron star systems through exchange interactions; this leads to the formation of MSPs in larger numbers than in the galactic disk. Over the course of this project, we have collected over 17 TB of data on the 3 globular clusters M28, NGC6440 and NGC6441 plus 2 observations on NGC6522 and NGC6624 as part of the recently begun S-band survey using the Green Bank telescope. I have analyzed and conducted acceleration searches on 70% of the data and discovered 7 of the 23 new millisecond pulsars reported in this work. One year of timing observations of the pulsars in M28 and NGC6440 has led to the phase connected solution for 12 of the 15 new pulsars in those two clusters, 7 of which are in binaries. We have measured the rate of advance of periastron for two highly eccentric binaries and assuming this is purely due to general relativity, this leads to total system masses of (1.616 - 0.014)M and (2.2 - 0.8)M for M28C and NGC6440B respectively. The small mass function combined with this information imply that the most likely neutron star mass of NGC6440B is either very large or else there could be significant contribution to the advance of periastron from a nonzero quadrupole moment due to tidal interaction with the companion. Measurements of the period derivatives for many of the pulsars show that they are dominated by the dynamical effect of the gravitational field of the clusters. Finally, we have discovered the potential presence of a Mars-mass planet orbiting the pulsar NGC6440C with a period of 21 days. A dedicated timing campaign will be necessary to confirm the presence of such an object.
Stem cell plasticity: Learning from hepatogenic differentiation strategies (2007)

Many studies on stem cell plasticity are challenging the concept that stem cells contain an intrinsically predefined, unidirectional differentiation program. This means that the developmental fate of a stem cell is dependent on the general potential of the cell (pre-determined stem cell fate) as well as on microenvironmental cues, such as stimuli from growth factors (stem cell niche). Here, we reviewed reports that examined the hepatocyte differentiation ability of stem cells from two different sources: embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. All of those stem cells revealed the ability to give rise to hepatocyte-like cells using different induction strategies. However, it is still not clear which of those stem cells would be the best source for hepatocyte replacement or which would be the best protocol. We herein present the current knowledge regarding available protocols and factors used in order to obtain functional hepatocytes from stem cells.
Tryptophan and Sleep in Young Adults (1972)

ABSTRACT Oral administration of L‐tryptophan increases brain serotonin levels by following normal 5‐hydroxyindole pathways (Moir & Eccleston, 1968). Since recent studies (Jouvet, 1969) suggest that serotonin is important in controlling sleep mechanisms, L‐tryptophan provides a useful method for investigating further the role of serotonin in sleep. In two experiments, EEG sleep patterns from 21 young adult males were examined following moderate (7.5 g) and high (12 g) oral doses of L‐tryptophan. Moderate doses produced sedative effects (reports of extreme drowsiness and reduced time awake) accompanied by increased slow‐wave sleep. The only effects on REM parameters were a trend (in some Ss) to early onset of stage REM, a small decrease in the period of the REM cycle, and decreased density of rapid eye movements. With the high dose, Ss again reported extreme drowsiness, and time to sleep onset was decreased. However, changes in SW sleep and waking time appeared only as non‐significant trends. In the high‐dose group, percent of REM sleep was markedly increased, due to early onset of stage REM and to increased duration of REM episodes during the second half of the night. EEG sleep patterns on recovery nights following large doses of tryptophan were not systematically different from baseline nights. These results indicate that the changes in sleep patterns produced by L‐tryptophan, presumably acting through 5‐hydroxyindole pathways, are dependent on dose. The findings are consistent with the idea that serotonin, or one of its metabolites, is involved in the mechanisms controlling both SW and REM sleep.
Thermal Asperity Detection and Cancellation in Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Systems (2004)

During the defect scanning process on the production line, when asperities are detected on the surface of a magnetic storage medium, that location is marked, and no data are stored to marked locations. However, some asperities go undetected, and cause problems during data recovery. In this paper, we introduce a new method to detect and cancel the thermal asperity effects for perpendicular magnetic recording systems. We compare the new method to the existing methods in terms of the bit error rate after Viterbi detection.
Characterizations of Noise in Kinect Depth Images: A Review (2014)

In this paper, we characterize the noise in Kinect depth images based on multiple factors and introduce a uniform nomenclature for the types of noise. In the process, we briefly survey the noise models of Kinect and relate these to the factors of characterization. We also deal with the noise in multi-Kinect set-ups and summarize the techniques for the minimization of interference noise. Studies on noise in Kinect depth images are distributed over several publications and there is no comprehensive treatise on it. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, is the maiden attempt to characterize the noise behavior of Kinect depth images in a structured manner. The characterization would help to selectively eliminate noise from depth images either by filtering or by adopting appropriate methodologies for image capture. In addition to the characterization based on the results reported by others, we also conduct independent experiments in a number of cases to fill up the gaps in characterization and to validate the reported results.
Bennett clocking of quantum-dot cellular automata and the limits to binary logic scaling (2006)

We examine power dissipation in different clocking schemes for molecular quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) circuits. 'Landauer clocking' involves the adiabatic transition of a molecular cell from the null state to an active state carrying data. Cell layout creates devices which allow data in cells to interact and thereby perform useful computation. We perform direct solutions of the equation of motion for the system in contact with the thermal environment and see that Landauer's Principle applies: one must dissipate an energy of at least k(B)T per bit only when the information is erased. The ideas of Bennett can be applied to keep copies of the bit information by echoing inputs to outputs, thus embedding any logically irreversible circuit in a logically reversible circuit, at the cost of added circuit complexity. A promising alternative which we term 'Bennett clocking' requires only altering the timing of the clocking signals so that bit information is simply held in place by the clock until a computational block is complete, then erased in the reverse order of computation. This approach results in ultralow power dissipation without additional circuit complexity. These results offer a concrete example in which to consider recent claims regarding the fundamental limits of binary logic scaling.
Experts find tropical sun keeps babies well (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperts find tropical sun keeps babies wellScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1928, 5, 2, 224Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1928Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 February 1928Published inissue 1 February 1928https://doi.org/10.1021/ed005p224.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views14Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (681 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Characterization of BcgI, a new kind of restriction-modification system. (1994)

The BcgI restriction enzyme from Bacillus coagulans is unusual in that it cleaves on both sides of its recognition site, CGAN6TGC, releasing a fragment that includes the site and several bases on each side. We report the organization and nucleotide sequences of the genes for the BcgI restriction-modification system and the properties of the proteins that they encode. The system comprises two adjacent, similarly oriented genes. The proximal gene, bcgIA, codes for a 637-amino acid protein (molecular mass = 71.6 kDa) that resembles certain m6A-specific DNA-methyltransferases, particularly those that constitute the modification subunits of type I restriction-modification systems. The distal gene, bcgIB, codes for a 341-amino acid protein (molecular mass = 39.2 kDa) that resembles none of the sequences in the sequence data bases. The two genes overlap by several nucleotides. Alone, neither protein restricts or modifies DNA, but, together, they form a complex in the proportion A2B that does both. DNA binding assays showed that the DNA-protein complex can be formed only in the presence of both subunits, suggesting that the association of inactive subunits generates the active BcgI enzyme that can bind DNA and then either cleaves or methylates at target site.
MEDICOMPact: an ECG data compactor (2003)

Summary form only given. The authors discuss the data-compression and reduction techniques utilized in an all-solid-state system which stores 24 hours of ECG data. The data-compression module stores the data at 62.5 Hz in approximately 2 Mbyte per channel. The authors illustrate performance with various examples including P wave, wide and narrow QRSs, ST, QRS notching, and noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cofactor A Is a Molecular Chaperone Required for β-Tubulin Folding:  Functional and Structural Characterization (1996)

Actin and tubulin polypeptide chains acquire their native conformation in the presence of the chaperonin containing TCP-1 (CCT) and, in the case of alpha- and beta-tubulin additional protein cofactors. We recently identified one of these cofactors, termed cofactor A, that is required for the proper folding of the beta-tubulin chain [Gao et al. (1994) J. Cell. Biol. 125, 989-996]. We show here that cofactor A, a monomeric protein that has no measurable affinity for nucleotides, is a highly conserved protein among vertebrates. Its NH2-terminal region is essential for the structural integrity of the protein and consequently for its activity. We demonstrate that cofactor A does not interact with CCT nor does it affect the intrinsic ATPase activity of CCT, alone or in the presence of different target proteins. Thus, unlike GroES, cofactor A does not modulate or coordinate ATP hydrolysis. It does not act as a nucleotide exchange factor or a catalyst in tubulin folding. Rather, we demonstrate that cofactor A participates in the tubulin folding process by interacting with a folding intermediate of beta-tubulin that is released from CCT. Our data imply that cofactor A is a chaperone involved in tubulin folding.
Mediaciones Culturales y de la Información en el contexto de los Folguedos Alagoanos (2014)

The cultural and information mediations refer to the possibilities of articulating interpretative processes about a diversity of cultural expressions in different cultural contexts. In this study we highlight folguedos Alagoanos a folkloric festival of Alagoas- northeast of Brazil). Folguedos represent and express, through multiple languages, the local popular culture.
Design and implementation of a bootloader in the context of intelligent vehicle systems (2017)

Due to the growth of electronic complexity inside an intelligent vehicle system, improved diagnosis and reprogramming methods are currently researched and tested. In this context, a flash bootloader is the core of such approaches because it verifies the software's validity at each engine start and waits for an external reprogramming request. Further on, it offers the possibility of ECU reprograming inside the communication network of the car. This paper is presenting the steps needed to obtain a flash bootloader for an intelligent vehicle system and also offers insights into the performance of using such an application.
Hospitalizations and Deaths Caused by Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, United States, 1999–2005 (2007)

Hospital-acquired infections with Staphylococcus aureus, especially methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections, are a major cause of illness and death and impose serious economic costs on patients and hospitals. However, the recent magnitude and trend of these infections have not been reported. We used national hospitalization and resistance data to estimate the annual number of hospitalizations and deaths associated with S. aureus and MRSA from 1999 through 2005. During this period, the estimated number of S. aureus-related hospitalizations increased 62%, from 294,570 to 477,927, and the estimated number of MRSA-related hospitalizations more than doubled, from 127,036 to 278,203. Our findings suggest that S. aureus and MRSA should be considered a national priority for disease control.
Modification of Mutagenicity by Fluorine-Substitution on Diazachrysene (2007)

Fluorinated derivatives of 4,10-diazachrysene (DAC) were tested for their mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA100 in the presence of rat liver S9 to investigate the metabolic activation pathway of DAC. We have previously reported that metabolism at the pyridine moiety of quinoline was related to its mutagenicity and that quinoline was deprived of its genotoxicity by fluorine-substitution at the position 3 in the pyridine moiety. DAC, an aza-analog of chrysene consisting of two quinoline moieties, has two pyridine and two benzene rings as metabolically susceptible sites in the molecule. The mutagenicity of DAC was only decreased by fluorine-substitution on both pyridine moieties. On the other hand, the mutagenicity of DAC was neither decreased by fluorine-substitution on just one pyridine moiety nor by fluorine-substitution on both benzene moieties. These results suggest that metabolic activation occurs on both pyridine moieties in DAC like in quinoline.
Development of a General Method for Modeling Asphaltene Stability (2009)

Asphaltenes constitute a potential problem in deep-water production because of their tendency to precipitate and deposit. A universal model to predict the stability of these species, under different conditions, is desirable to identify potential asphaltene problems. In our study, we present important advances in developing a general method to model asphaltene stability in oil. The perturbed chain-statistical associating fluid theory equation of state (PC-SAFT EoS), which has been previously validated, has been used to generate simulation data for a model oil containing different asphaltene precipitants. When dimensionless parameters are defined, the equilibrium curves of different multicomponent mixtures collapse onto one single curve. Universal plots for the bubble point and the onset of asphaltene precipitation have been obtained, which are in excellent agreement with results obtained from simulations. Extension of this model to mixtures containing dissolved gases, such as methane, CO2, and ethane, is also included. In the present work, we show a derivation of a new mixing rule for solubility parameters of mixtures containing liquids and dissolved gases. The agreement with simulation results and refractive index measurements is good. Results obtained in this work are very promising in providing new tools to model asphaltene stability under reservoir conditions.
Severe and Steroid-Resistant Crohn’s Disease (2005)

Patients with moderate-to-severe disease and patients with steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent disease differ in their management, as the latter two groups usually involve patients whose condition is less acute. Systemic corticosteroids represent the mainstay of the management of moderate-to-severe disease and remain the first-line therapy in this setting. Anti-TNF agents represent choice alternatives for patients who do not respond to steroids or in whom steroids are contraindicated. Purine analogues, methotrexate and infliximab have all shown efficacy in achieving steroid-free remission in patients with steroid-refractory or steroid-dependent disease. Other fast-acting immunosuppressors showed little benefit. Surgery may be indicated in this setting. Natalizumab may prove useful in patients refractory to infliximab and other anti-TNF agents.
Performance evaluation of location management in umts (2003)

The universal mobile telecommunications system utilizes a three-level location-management strategy to reduce the net costs of location update and paging in the packet-switched service domain. Within a communication session, a mobile station (MS) is tracked at the cell level during packet transmission. In the idle period of an ongoing session, the MS is tracked at the UTRAN registration area (URA) level to avoid frequent cell updates while still keeping the radio connection. If the MS is not in any communication session, the MS is tracked at the routing-area (RA) level. The inactivity counter mechanism was proposed in 3GPP 25.331 to determine when to switch between the three location-tracking modes. In this mechanism, two inactivity counters are used to count the numbers of cell and URA updates in an idle period between two packet transmissions. If the number of cell updates reaches a threshold K/sub 1/, the MS is switched from cell tracking to URA tracking. After that, if the number of URA updates reaches a threshold K/sub 2/, the MS is tracked at the RA level. The paper proposes analytical and simulation models to investigate the performance of the inactivity counter mechanism. Our study provides guidelines for K/sub 1/ and K/sub 2/ selection to achieve lower net costs of location update and paging.
Studies on Acetylenic Compounds. XXXIV. Rearrangement of Propargylammonium Halide Derivatives. (1963)

The Stevens type rearrangement of phenylpropargylammonium halide derivatives was carried out. This rearrangement usually consists of 1, 2-shift of migratory group, however, it was found that bis phenylpropargylammonium halide derivative underwent the 1, 4-shift to give an allenic compound. The rearrangement was extended to a ring expansion reaction.