gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization Of A Hyperspectral Imager: A Diagnostic Tool For Monitoring Retinal Diseases (2008)

We developed a novel hyperspectral slit lamp ophthalmoscope for visualizing vascular changes for clinical monitoring of retinal diseases, for example, diabetic retinopathy. The device consists of a visible charge couple device, CCD, and liquid crystal tunable filter, LCTF, coupled to the standard clinical slit lamp ophthalmoscope. The LCTF is used as a spectral light source illuminating the retina with different wavelengths of light that are recorded by the CCD and stored as a series of wavelength dependent images of the retina. Chemometric analysis produces a gray scale encoded image for the percentage of oxyhemoglobin at each pixel within the field of view. The system's spatial and spectral resolution and its wavelength tuning accuracy are characterized. The LCTF is continuously tunable in the spectral range of 520 - 602 nm with a capability of passing light with a mean bandwidth of 9.60 nm. The system has a minimum spatial resolution of 0.11 mm when the retina is imaged at CCD binning of 4 X 4 and ophthalmoscope magnification of 10X. The overall acquisition time for the system is within 5 seconds. After characterizing the system, a proof of principle human retinal image is presented to demonstrate the capabilities of the system.
Fantastic-5G: 5G-Ppp Project On 5G Air Interface Below 6 Ghz (2015)

5G will have to cope with a high degree of heterogeneity in terms of services, device classes, deployment types, environments and mobility levels. Consequently, diverse and often contradicting Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) need to be supported, such as high capacity/user-rates, low latency, high reliability, ubiquitous coverage, high mobility, massive number of devices and low cost/energy consumption. 4G is not designed to meet such a high degree of heterogeneity efficiently. Moreover, having multiple radio access technologies for multi-service support below 6GHz will be too costly. FANTASTIC-5G is a European project which will develop a new multi-service Air Interface (AI) for below 6 GHz through a modular design. To allow the system to adapt to the anticipated heterogeneity, the pursued properties are: flexibility, scalability, versatility, efficiency and future-proofness. To this end, the project will develop the technical AI components and integrate them into an overall AI framework where adaptation to the above described sources of heterogeneity will be accomplished. The work will also comprise intense validation and system level simulations. The consortium possesses the main stakeholders for innovation and impacting standardization, maintaining Europe at the forefront.
Measurement of Loop-Antenna Receivers (1941)

The most practical method of introducing the measuring signal into loop receivers is to employ a transmitting loop connected to the signal generator. Several such loops are described, varying with regard to the use of shielding, frequency range covered, method of computing the field strength produced, and other particulars. The types described in the latter part of the paper are in use and giving satisfactory service at the present time. Precautions against stray fields and near-by metal objects are discussed briefly. Measurements on receiving loops, aside from general receiver tests, are described and formulas given. The results of such measurements on three groups of loops, totaling 30 in number, are reported. The paper closes with an Appendix giving the derivation of a few formulas of interest.
Inhibition of tissue kallikrein by protein C inhibitor. Evidence for identity of protein C inhibitor with the kallikrein binding protein. (1992)

We studied the inhibition of tissue kallikrein by protein C inhibitor (PCI), a relatively unspecific heparin-dependent serine protease inhibitor present in plasma and urine. PCI inhibited the amidolytic activity (cleavage of H-D-valyl-L-leucyl-arginine-p-nitroaniline) of urinary kallikrein with an apparent second order rate constant of 2.3 x 10(4) M-1 s-1 and formed stable complexes (85 kDa) with urinary kallikrein as judged from silver-stained sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Complex formation was time-dependent and was paralleled by a decrease in the intensity of the main PCI protein band (Mr = 57,000) and an increase in the intensity of the lower Mr (54,000) PCI form (cleaved inhibitor). Heparin interfered with the inhibition of tissue kallikrein by PCI and with the formation of tissue kallikrein-PCI complexes in a dose-dependent fashion and completely abolished PCI-tissue kallikrein interaction at 300 micrograms/ml. This is in contrast to findings on the interaction of PCI with all other target proteases studied so far (i.e. stimulation of inhibition by heparin) but is similar to the reaction pattern of 125I-labeled tissue kallikrein with so called kallikrein binding protein described in serum and other systems. To study a possible relationship between PCI and this kallikrein binding protein we incubated 125I-labeled urinary kallikrein in serum and in PCI-immunodepleted serum in the absence and presence of heparin and analyzed complex formation using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In normal serum, formed complexes co-migrated with complexes of purified PCI and 125I-kallikrein and were less intense in the presence of heparin. No complex formation at all was seen in PCI-depleted serum. Our data indicate that PCI may be a physiologically important endogenous inhibitor of tissue kallikrein and provide evidence that PCI may be identical to the previously described kallikrein binding protein.
β-Amyloid-induced migration of monocytes across human brain endothelial cells involves RAGE and PECAM-1 (2000)

In patients with amyloid beta-related cerebrovascular disorders, e.g. , Alzheimer's disease, one finds increased deposition of amyloid peptide (Abeta) and increased presence of monocyte/microglia cells in the brain. However, relatively little is known of the role of Abeta in the trafficking of monocytes across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our studies show that interaction of Abeta(1-40) with monolayer of human brain endothelial cells results in augmented adhesion and transendothelial migration of monocytic cells (THP-1 and HL-60) and peripheral blood monocytes. The Abeta-mediated migration of monocytes was inhibited by antibody to Abeta receptor (RAGE) and platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1). Additionally, Abeta-induced transendothelial migration of monocytes were inhibited by protein kinase C inhibitor and augmented by phosphatase inhibitor. We conclude that interaction of Abeta with RAGE expressed on brain endothelial cells initiates cellular signaling leading to the transendothelial migration of monocytes. We suggest that increased diapedesis of monocytes across the BBB in response to Abeta present either in the peripheral circulation or in the brain parenchyma may play a role in the pathophysiology of Abeta-related vascular disorder.
Spectral balance as an acoustic correlate of linguistic stress (1996)

Although intensity has been reported as a reliable acoustical correlate of stress, it is generally considered a weak cue in the perception of linguistic stress. In natural speech stressed syllables are produced with more vocal effort. It is known that, if a speaker produces more vocal effort, higher frequencies increase more than lower frequencies. In this study, the effects of lexical stress on intensity are examined in the abstraction from the confounding accent variation. A production study was carried out in which ten speakers produced Dutch lexical and reiterant disyllabic minimal stress pairs spoken with and without an accent in a fixed carrier sentence. Duration, overall intensity, formant frequencies, and spectral levels in four contiguous frequency bands were measured. Results revealed that intensity differences as a function of stress are mainly located above 0.5 kHz, i.e., a change in spectral balance emphasizing higher frequencies for stressed vowels. Furthermore, we showed that the intensity differences in the higher regions are caused by an increase in physiological effort rather than by shifting formant frequencies due to stress. The potential of each acoustic correlate of stress to differentiate between initial- and final-stressed words was examined by linear discriminant analysis. Duration proved the most reliable correlate of stress. Overall intensity and vowel quality are the poorest cues. Spectral balance, however, turned out to be a reliable cue, close in strength to duration.
Gnotobiotic Mouse Immune Response Induced by<i>Bifidobacterium</i>sp. Strains Isolated from Infants (2007)

Bifidobacterium, which is a dominant genus in infants' fecal flora and can be used as a probiotic, has shown beneficial effects in various pathologies, including allergic diseases, but its role in immunity has so far been little known. Numerous studies have shown the crucial role of the initial intestinal colonization in the development of the intestinal immune system, and bifidobacteria could play a major role in this process. For a better understanding of the effect of Bifidobacterium on the immune system, we aimed at determining the impact of Bifidobacterium on the T-helper 1 (T(H)1)/T(H)2 balance by using gnotobiotic mice. Germfree mice were inoculated with Bifidobacterium longum NCC2705, whose genome is sequenced, and with nine Bifidobacterium strains isolated from infants' fecal flora. Five days after inoculation, mice were killed. Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-10, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) gene expressions in the ileum and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-10, IL-4, and IL-5 secretions by splenocytes cultivated for 48 h with concanavalin A were quantified. Two Bifidobacterium species had no effect (B. adolescentis) or little effect (B. breve) on the immune system. Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium dentium, and one B. longum strain induced T(H)1 and T(H)2 cytokines at the systemic and intestinal levels. One B. longum strain induced a T(H)2 orientation with high levels of IL-4 and IL-10, both secreted by splenocytes, and of TGF-beta gene expression in the ileum. The other two strains induced T(H)1 orientations with high levels of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha splenocyte secretions. Bifidobacterium's capacity to stimulate immunity is species specific, but its influence on the orientation of the immune system is strain specific.
Blind deblurring of spiral CT images (2003)

To discriminate fine anatomical features in the inner ear, it has been desirable that spiral computed tomography (CT) may perform beyond their current resolution limits with the aid of digital image processing techniques. In this paper, we develop a blind deblurring approach to enhance image resolution retrospectively without complete knowledge of the underlying point spread function (PSF). An oblique CT image can be approximated as the convolution of an isotropic Gaussian PSF and the actual cross section. Practically, the parameter of the PSF is often unavailable. Hence, estimation of the parameter for the underlying PSF is crucially important for blind image deblurring. Based on the iterative deblurring theory, we formulate an edge-to-noise ratio (ENR) to characterize the image quality change due to deblurring. Our blind deblurring algorithm estimates the parameter of the PSF by maximizing the ENR, and deblurs images. In the phantom studies, the blind deblurring algorithm reduces image blurring by about 24%, according to our blurring residual measure. Also, the blind deblurring algorithm works well in patient studies. After fully automatic blind deblurring, the conspicuity of the submillimeter features of the cochlea is substantially improved.
Induction of homologous immune response to Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Boryong with a partial 56-kilodalton recombinant antigen fused with the maltose-binding protein MBP-Bor56 (1997)

Although the 56-kDa protein of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi has been presumed to play important roles in generating protective immunity against scrub typhus, studies of this protein have been impeded. We used the recombinant 56-kDa protein of R. tsutsugamushi Boryong fused with the maltose-binding protein of Escherichia coli (MBP-Bor56) to analyze its ability to induce protective immunity in a C3H/HeDub murine model. Intraperitoneal immunization of mice with MBP-Bor56 resulted in an increase in the 50% minimal lethal dose of more than 160 times compared with that for the control mice. Splenic mononuclear cells from the mice immunized with MBP-Bor56 showed a dose-dependent pattern of lymphocyte proliferation response and secreted gamma interferon and interleukin-2 when stimulated with irradiated R. tsutsugamushi Boryong, which is a cytokine profile of Th1 cells. High titers of antibody to R. tsutsugamushi were also demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent-antibody testing. These findings suggest that the 56-kDa protein of R. tsutsugamushi is one of the candidates for a vaccine against scrub typhus.
High Content Pharmacophores from Molecular Fields: A Biologically Relevant Method for Comparing and Understanding Ligands (2011)

The question of how and why a small molecule binds to a protein is central to ligand-based drug discovery. The traditional way of approaching these questions is pharmacophore analysis. However, pharmacophores as usually applied lack quantitation and subtlety. An improvement is to consider the electrostatic and steric fields of the ligand directly. Molecular fields provide a rich view of the potential interactions that a molecule can make and can be validated through experimental data on molecular interactions and through quantum mechanics calculations. A technique is presented in this review for comparing molecules using molecular fields and assigning similarity scores. This high information content method can be used to align molecules for SAR analysis, to determine the bioactive conformation from ligand data, and to screen large libraries of compounds for structurally unrelated actives. An extension to allow interactive exploration of chemistry space via bioisostere analysis is also reviewed. Examples from the literature showing the success of these methods are presented, and future directions discussed.
Functional copolymers of dibromostyrene as flame retardants for thermoplastic polyamides and polyesters (1997)

Abstract As resin requirements and environmental concerns have increased, the development of polymeric flame retardants has occurred. Brominated polystyrenes are widely used as flame retardants for thermoplastic polyesters and polyamides. The incorporation of comonomers at low levels has improved the compatibility of polybromostyrenes with each of these resin systems as evidenced by scanning electron micrographs. The improvement in physical properties and the reductionin flammability of PBT and polyamides as a function of the comonomer type and concentration are explored in this paper.
Mutation analyses of molecularly cloned satellite tobacco mosaic virus during serial passage in plants: evidence for hotspots of genetic change. (1995)

The high level of genetic diversity and rapid evolution of viral RNA genomes are well documented, but few studies have characterized the rate and nature of ongoing genetic change over time under controlled experimental conditions, especially in plant hosts. The RNA genome of satellite tobacco mosaic virus (STMV) was used as an effective model for such studies because of advantageous features of its genome structure and because the extant genetic heterogeneity of STMV has been characterized previously. In the present study, the process of genetic change over time was studied by monitoring multiple serial passage lines of STMV populations for changes in their consensus sequences. A total of 42 passage lines were initiated by inoculation of tobacco plants with a helper tobamovirus and one of four STMV RNA inocula that were transcribed from full-length infectious STMV clones or extracted from purified STMV type strain virions. Ten serial passages were carried out for each line and the consensus genotypes of progeny STMV populations were assessed for genetic change by RNase protection analyses of the entire 1,059-nt STMV genome. Three different types of genetic change were observed, including the fixation of novel mutations in 9 of 42 lines, mutation at the major heterogeneity site near nt 751 in 5 of the 19 lines inoculated with a single genotype, and selection of a single major genotype in 6 of the 23 lines inoculated with mixed genotypes. Sequence analyses showed that the majority of mutations were single base substitutions. The distribution of mutation sites included three clusters in which mutations occurred at or very near the same site, suggesting hot spots of genetic change in the STMV genome. The diversity of genetic changes in sibling lines is clear evidence for the important role of chance and random sampling events in the process of genetic diversification of STMV virus populations.
26.1 A 1mW 71.5dB SNDR 50MS/S 13b fully differential ring-amplifier-based SAR-assisted pipeline ADC (2015)

The SAR-assisted pipeline ADC is an energy-efficient architecture for high resolution [1]. Consisting of two low-resolution charge-redistribution SARADCs coupled by a residue amplifier, a SAR-assisted pipeline ADC relaxes the noise requirements of the second stage and enhances the overall ADC speed while maintaining excellent power efficiency [1-4]. However, designs reported in [1,2] rely on power-hungry telescopic amplifiers that also limit the available inter-stage residue gain due to low output swing. A lower-power alternative is a dynamic amplifier, which operates as an open-loop time-domain integrator [3,4]. Although time-domain integration provides the benefit of noise filtering, the calibration required to achieve an accurate residue gain increases design complexity and test cost, and limits robustness. We introduce an uncalibrated fully differential ring-amplifier-based 13b 50MS/s rail-to-rail input swing SAR-assisted pipeline ADC with Waiden and Schreier (SNDR) FoMs of 6.9fJ/conversion-step and 174.9dB, respectively. We also present an improved DAC switching technique that further reduces the first DAC energy consumption and also reduces the DAC errors.
Ionic Liquids, Polymerization in (2005)

Abstract Room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are also call molten salts because they exist in the liquid state at or around room temperature. They are nonvolatile and chemically, thermally, air and moisture stable. They are also noncoordinating and highly polar solvents and have been used extensively as alternative reaction media for various chemical reactions. Reactions in RTILs are often characterized by faster reaction rates and higher selectivities, as compared to those in common organic solvents. Polymerizations in RTILs were not widely investigated until the introduction of the 2nd generation of RTILs. Conventional free radical polymerization and living/controlled radical polymerization in RTILs have both demonstrated the advantages of using RTILs as reaction media in place of common solvents: faster propagation rates, diminished termination, easy product separation, and reduced side reactions. Other types of polymerizations have also been successfully carried out in RTILs. This review summarizes the current status of this rapidly evolving field of research.
Superresolved image reconstruction of images taken through the turbulent atmosphere (1998)

Superresolved image reconstruction is demonstrated by use of multiple images taken through atmospheric turbulence under photon-limited conditions. An iterative reconstruction algorithm applies estimate-maximize techniques to a series of short-exposure images of the desired object scene along with the corresponding image sequence of a guide star. Simulations show that estimates of the Fourier components both below and above the diffraction limit are improved at successive iterations. The estimated images give finer detail of the original object than does the diffraction-limited image. Effects of photon-noise levels on restoration performance are investigated, and a modification to the reconstruction algorithm is derived that accounts for the effects of CCD read noise.
Noninvasive Blood Glucose Measurements by Near-Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy Across Human Tongues (2000)

Noninvasive blood glucose measurements are characterized in human subjects. A series of first overtone transmission spectra are collected across the tongues of five human subjects with type 1 diabetes. The noninvasive human spectra are collected by an experimental protocol that is designed to minimize chance correlations with blood glucose levels. In one treatment of the data, every fifth sample is used as a blind prediction point to validate model performance. In another rearrangement of the data, the spectra collected over the first 29 days are used to build calibration models that are then used to predict in vivo glycemia from spectra collected over the next 10 days. Of the five data sets (one for each subject), one demonstrates a complete inability to predict blood glucose levels and is deemed void of glucose-specific information. Glucose-specific information is evident in the remaining four data sets, albeit to varying degrees. For all data sets, the ability to measure glucose from spectra collected noninvasively from human subjects depends on spectral quality and reproducibility of the tongue-to-spectrometer interface. The standard error of prediction is 3.4 mM for the best calibration model. The significance of this magnitude of prediction error is discussed relative to the situations where: (1) the model is completely void of glucose-specific information and (2) glucose predictions are limited by spectral signal-to-noise and sample thickness. Overall, glucose-specific information is available from noninvasive first-overtone spectra collected across human tongues. Significant improvements are necessary, however, before clinically useful measurements are possible.
Circuit performance oriented device optimization using BSIM3 pre-silicon model parameters (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Circuit performance oriented device optimization using BSIM3 pre-silicon model parameters Authors: Mikako Miyama Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan, 185-8601 Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan, 185-8601View Profile , Shiro Kamohara Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan, 185-8601 Semiconductor & Integrated Circuits, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan, 185-8601View Profile Authors Info & Claims ASP-DAC '00: Proceedings of the 2000 Asia and South Pacific Design Automation ConferenceJanuary 2000 Pages 371–374https://doi.org/10.1145/368434.368684Online:28 January 2000Publication History 1citation149DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads149Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF