gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chaff (1982)

The paper reviews the development of chaff as an electronic-countermeasures (ECM) technique and describes the basic principles of chaff as reflectors of radar waves. The various common types of chaff are described, including their main physical and aerodynamic characteristics. Some illustration of the use of chaff is given in naval and airforce applications.
[Effects of melatonin alone and in combination with aceten on chronostructure of diurnal hemodynamic rhythms in patients with hypertension stage II]. (1999)

Melatonin, epiphysial neurohormone, and its combination with aceten have hypotensive and vasodilating effects but melatonin monotherapy normalizes circadian hemodynamic rhythms while the combination was uneffective in this respect. This may be explained by interaction of melatonin and aceten actions.
Regulation of the heat shock conjugate Hsc70 in the mammalian cell: the characterization of the anti-apoptotic protein BAG-1 provides novel insights. (1998)

The regulation of the chaperone activity of the heat shock cognate Hsc70 protein in the mammalian cell involves a cooperation with chaperone cofactors such as Hsp40, the Hsp70-interacting protein Hip, and the Hsc70/Hsp90-organizing protein Hop. Recent studies have now added another component to the list of Hsc70 cofactors, the BAG-1 protein. Initially identified as an anti-apoptotic molecule and binding partner of the cell death inhibitor Bcl-2, BAG-1 appears to fulfill its cellular function through a modulation of Hsc70's chaperone activity. BAG-1 acts as a nucleotide exchange factor in the Hsc70 ATPase cycle, thereby competing with the cofactor Hip which stabilizes the ADP-bound state of Hsc70. The functional characterization of BAG-1 thus reveals an unexpected versatility in the regulation of Hsc70 and appears to provide a link between apoptosis and the cellular chaperone machinery.
Active/active replication for highly available HPC system services (2006)

Today's high performance computing systems have several reliability deficiencies resulting in availability and serviceability issues. Head and service nodes represent a single point of failure and control for an entire system as they render it inaccessible and unmanageable in case of a failure until repair, causing a significant downtime. This paper introduces two distinct replication methods (internal and external) for providing symmetric active/active high availability for multiple head and service nodes running in virtual synchrony. It presents a comparison of both methods in terms of expected correctness, ease-of-use and performance based on early results from ongoing work in providing symmetric active/active high availability for two HPC system services (TORQUE and PVFS metadata server). It continues with a short description of a distributed mutual exclusion algorithm and a brief statement regarding the handling of Byzantine failures. This paper concludes with an overview of past and ongoing work, and a short summary of the presented research.
Generation and specificity of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against human HIV-specific antibodies. I. Cross-reacting idiotopes are expressed in subpopulations of HIV-infected individuals (1991)

In this study we have generated monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against human monoclonal and polyclonal anti-HIV antibodies in seropositive sera. A human anti-gp41 mAb (H2, IgM kappa) was used to immunize BALB/c mice and to prepare hybridoma anti-antibodies that react with H2 and not with normal human IgM. Similar monoclonal anti-antibodies were made in BALB/c mice immunized with Ig fraction prepared from a pool of HIV-seropositive sera. Both kinds of anti-idiotypic antibodies reacted with antibodies in pools of seropositive sera and with individual seropositive sera but not with normal human Ig or seronegative sera. The Id-positive Ig from single donors were isolated on two different anti-Id immunoabsorbents and shown to bind to p24 and gp120, respectively. The detection and isolation of idiotypically cross-reactive human anti-HIV antibodies from seropositive donors demonstrated, for the first time, the existence of shared Id expressed by antibodies against HIV Ag. The utility of cross-reacting anti-idiotypic antibodies as tools to dissect the network regulation of the anti-viral immunity in AIDS is discussed.
Simple real-time light valves (1976)

A simple real-time light valve based on selenium and the cholesteric-nematic phase transition is described. The device is optically addressed and can be read out in real time with very intense white light sources without need for an optical blocking layer. Operation involves the absorption characteristics of the photoconductor and space-charge-limited currents. The principle can be extended to other combinations of photoconductors and electro-optic effects.
Multi-Device Storyboards for Cinematic Narratives in VR (2016)

Virtual Reality (VR) narratives have the unprecedented potential to connect with an audience through presence, placing viewers within the narrative. The onset of consumer VR has resulted in an explosion of interest in immersive storytelling. Planning narratives for VR, however, is a grand challenge due to its unique affordances, its evolving cinematic vocabulary, and most importantly the lack of supporting tools to explore the creative process in VR.
A Label-Free Electronic Biosensor for Detection of Bone Turnover Markers (2009)

This paper describes the development of a biosensor based on label-free immunosensing for the detection of the C-terminal telopeptide bone turnover marker from type-1 collagen. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of dithiodipropionic acid was deposited on a gold electrode. Then streptavidin and biotinylated anti-human C-terminal telopeptide antibody were successively conjugated on the self-assembled monolayer. Electrochemical impedance measurements were made to characterize each step of the SAM/streptavidin/biotinylated antibody binding. Subsequently, electrochemical impedance was measured with different concentrations of C-teminal telopeptide. A detection limit of 50 ng/mL and a dynamic range up to 3 μg/mL were achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to develop a label-free immunosensor based on electrochemical impedance with DC bias for detection of bone-related degradation and rebuilding products. The electronic biosensor might eventually be used for quantitative point-of-care screening of bone health. It is hoped that analysis of bone turnover markers can indicate the beginning of bone diseases such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis so that treatment might start early when it is most effective.
Topotactic Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Highly Fluorinated Ruddlesden–Popper-Type Iron Oxide, Sr<sub>3</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5+<i>x</i></sub>F<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub> (<i>x</i> ≈ 0.44) (2011)

Topotactic reaction of the n = 2 Ruddlesden–Popper phase Sr3Fe2O7−δ (δ ≈ 0.18) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) yields a highly fluorinated phase Sr3Fe2O5+xF2–x (x ≈ 0.44), compared with Sr3Fe2O6F0.87 prepared by the reaction of Sr3Fe2O6 and F2 gas. Structure analyses based on powder neutron diffraction, synchrotron powder diffraction, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the new oxyfluoride perovskite has no anion deficiencies and adopts the tetragonal structure (space group I4/mmm) with the lattice constants a = 3.87264(6) Å and c = 21.3465(6) Å at room temperature. The fluoride ions preferentially occupy the terminal apical anion sites with oxide ions in a disordered manner, which results in square pyramidal coordination around iron. The present compound also shows an antiferromagnetic order with a Néel temperature (TN) of 390 K, in sharply contrast to Sr3Fe2O6F0.87, which has a TN value that is lower than room temperature.
A dual-photopeak window method for scatter correction. (1992)

The imaging of scattered photons degrades contrast and is a major source of error in the quantitation of activity. It was hypothesized that, if the photopeak was divided into two nonoverlapping energy windows, a regression relation could be obtained between the ratio of counts within these windows and the scatter fraction for counts within the total region. This idea was tested by acquiring dual photopeak window acquisitions of a 99mTc point source in an elliptical attenuator, and at the same locations in air. From these, a regression between the scatter fraction and window ratio was determined. When this regression was applied to estimate the scatter distribution for acquisitions in both uniform and nonuniform elliptical attenuators, the residual scatter fraction was reduced approximately ten-fold and the estimated scatter line spread functions matched very closely the tails of the total line spread functions. In SPECT acquisitions, dual-photopeak window scatter correction was observed to significantly increase the contrast of "cold" spheres, improve the accuracy of estimating activity at the center of "hot" spheres, and return the three-dimensional modulation transfer function for point sources in an elliptical attenuator to near their in-air shape.
Percutaneous Interventions in the Presacral Space: CT-guided Precoccygeal Approach—Early Experience (1999)

A computed tomography (CT)-guided, precoccygeal approach was used for interventions in the presacral space in four patients (three biopsies, one abscess drainage). Localization comprised palpation of the coccyx and measurement of the distance from the coccyx to the lesion on a prone CT scan. This approach provided an easy, straight vector to all points in the presacral space and involved no radiation exposure to the physician.
Herstellung und Verwendung von Aminosäuren (1978)

Seit 1909 Mononatriumglutamat als Speisewürze auf den Markt kam, hat die Aminosäure-Industrie sich ständig ausgeweitet. Die Produktion hat heute einen Wert von beinahe 1 Milliarde Dollar. Die Aminosäuren werden durch Extraktion aus Proteinhydrolysaten, durch Fermentation mit Hilfe von Mikroorganismen, durch enzymatische Verfahren und durch chemische Synthese hergestellt. Das zuletzt genannte Verfahren erfordert im allgemeinen zwei zusätzliche Schritte, nämlich die Enantiomerentrennung und die Racemisierung des D-Isomers. Zu den wichtigsten Anwendungsgebieten der Aminosäuren zählt die Aufwertung pflanzlicher Nahrungs- und Futtermittel durch Zusatz der fehlenden essentiellen Aminosäure(n). Neben der Verwendung in der Nahrungsmittelindustrie gewinnt die medizinische Anwendung der Aminosäuren (Nährlösungen und Therapeutika) zunehmend an Bedeutung.
Central aortic blood pressure, augmentation index, and reflected wave transit time: reproducibility and repeatability of data obtained by oscillometry (2011)

BPLab with Vasotens technology has good reproducibility and repeatability, and can be recommended for clinical vascular risk estimation.
Ignition, lift-off, and soot formation studies in n-dodecane split injection spray-flames (2017)

A close-coupled double injection strategy with two 0.5-ms injections separated by a 0.5-ms dwell is implemented. Studies are performed in a constant volume pre-burn type combustion vessel over two ambient temperatures (900 and 800 K) at constant density (22.8 kg/m 3 ) with 15% O 2 by volume in the ambient. The aim of this work is to investigate the establishment and dependence of ignition delay and flame stabilization on the ambient temperature conditions especially for the main injection, and thereby investigating eventual soot production. Simultaneous schlieren and planar laser -induced fluorescence experiments as well as three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged numerical simulation computational fluid dynamic modeling with chemical kinetics in every computational fluid dynamic cell were performed. It was observed experimentally that at 900 K, the second injection is injected in a high-temperature combustion recessed ambient of the first injection whereas at 800 K it is injected in a low temperature, possibly reactive species environment. It was found from Reynolds-averaged numerical simulation modeling that combustion recession at 900 K in the present case entails rich presence of hydroxyl radical species and also the ambient of 800 K is source of reactive radicals like peroxides, leading to acceleration of main ignition. Flame stabilization of the second injection occurs closer to the injector due to short ignition delays with flame being sustained in the fuel–air premixing zone. Flame stabilization of the second injection was found to follow a premixed flame propagation mechanism. Investigation in mixture fraction and temperature space of pilot-main spray combustion revealed that the lower lift-off of main results in lower air-entrainment which causes richer ignition of main resulting in quicker and higher soot formation. The effect of the second injection in enhancing the oxidation of soot from the first injection by inducing enhanced mixing was also revealed.
Air-activated chemical warming devices: effects of oxygen and pressure. (2006)

Air-activated chemical warming devices use an exothermic chemical reaction of rapidly oxidizing iron to generate heat for therapeutic purposes. Placing these products in a hyperbaric oxygen environment greatly increases the supply of oxidant and thus increases the rate of reaction and maximum temperature. Testing for auto-ignition and maximum temperatures attained by ThermaCare Heat Wraps, Playtex Heat Therapy, and Heat Factory disposable warm packs under ambient conditions and under conditions similar to those encountered during hyperbaric oxygen treatments in monoplace and multiplace hyperbaric chambers (3 atm abs and > 95% oxygen) revealed a maximum temperature of 269 degrees F (132 degrees C) with no spontaneous ignition. The risk of thermal burn injury to adjacent skin may be increased significantly if these devices are used under conditions of hyperbaric oxygen.
Effect of Flow Bypass on the Performance of Longitudinal Fin Heat Sinks (1994)

Heat transfer experiments are reported on the thermal performance of longitudinal fin heat sinks attached to an electronic package which is part of a regular array of packages undergoing forced convection air cooling. The effect of coolant bypass on the performance of the heat sink is assessed and performance correlations for reduced heat transfer due to this effect are developed. These correlations are used to develop design guidelines for optimal performance.
The role of CCK, caerulein, and CCK antagonists in nociception (1989)

The octapeptide form of CCK predominates in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammalian species, including man. Many of the physiological roles of CCK in the CNS are unknown, but it is believed to be involved in nociception. CCK is distributed throughout cortical grey matter, periaqueductal grey matter, ventromedial thalamus and spinal dorsal horn, all of which are areas known to be associated with pain modulation. CCK receptor subtypes have been identified and may be classified according to their affinity for the sulphated and desulphated forms of CCK-8 and the recently described selective antagonist. MK-329. CCK-A receptors have high affinity for sulphated CCK-8 and for MK-329 but low affinity for desulphated CCK-8 and CCK-4 whilst CCK-B sites bind MK-329 with low affinity and discriminate poorly between sulphated and desulphated CCK-8. CCK-A receptors are found predominantly in peripheral tissues but they also exist in discrete regions of the primate CNS, including the spinal cord. CCK-B receptors are found ubiquitously throughout other regions of the neuraxis. The results of studies on the effects of CCK-8 and the decapeptide analogue caerulein on pain thresholds are conflicting. Some workers suggest that large doses of CCK-8 and caerulein induce naloxone-reversible analgesia in certain pain models. However, it appears likely that analgesia induced by large doses of CCK and caerulein in animals may be a pharmacological rather than a physiological phenomenon. Accordingly, others have found that small (and most probably, physiological) doses of CCK-8 attenuate the analgesic effects of morphine, and of endogenous opioids. Thus, it has been proposed that CCK may act as an endogenous opiate antagonist. Studies in rats with the selective CCK antagonist MK-329 have helped clarify the interaction between CCK and morphine-induced analgesia. Treatment with MK-329 enhances morphine analgesia and chronic treatment with MK-329 prevents the development of tolerance to morphine analgesia. However, the antagonist does not prevent naloxone-precipitated withdrawal symptoms in morphine-dependent rats. In man, caerulein prevents pain associated with gall-bladder contraction, probably by relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. Caerulein has also been shown to reduce renal colic and the pain of intermittent claudication. Preliminary clinical studies with the weak, non-selective, CCK antagonist proglumide, indicate an enhancement of morphine analgesia. As yet, no studies have demonstrated analgesic effects of CCK antagonists in man when administered alone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Network-regularized high-dimensional Cox regression for analysis of genomic data (2013)

We consider estimation and variable selection in high-dimensional Cox regression when a prior knowledge of the relationships among the covariates, described by a network or graph, is available. A limitation of the existing methodology for survival analysis with high-dimensional genomic data is that a wealth of structural information about many biological processes, such as regulatory networks and pathways, has often been ignored. In order to incorporate such prior network information into the analysis of genomic data, we propose a network-based regularization method for high-dimensional Cox regression; it uses an ℓ<sub>1</sub>-penalty to induce sparsity of the regression coefficients and a quadratic Laplacian penalty to encourage smoothness between the coefficients of neighboring variables on a given network. The proposed method is implemented by an efficient coordinate descent algorithm. In the setting where the dimensionality <i>p</i> can grow exponentially fast with the sample size <i>n</i>, we establish model selection consistency and estimation bounds for the proposed estimators. The theoretical results provide insights into the gain from taking into account the network structural information. Extensive simulation studies indicate that our method outperforms Lasso and elastic net in terms of variable selection accuracy and stability. We apply our method to a breast cancer gene expression study and identify several biologically plausible subnetworks and pathways that are associated with breast cancer distant metastasis.
Multifunctional Cells of Mouse Anterior Pituitary Reveal a Striking Sexual Dimorphism (2003)

The existence of cells storing and secreting two different anterior pituitary (AP) hormones (polyhormonal cells) or responding to several hypothalamic releasing hormones (HRHs) (multiresponsive cells) has been reported previously. These multifunctional cells could be involved in paradoxical secretion (AP hormone secretion evoked by a non‐corresponding HRH) and transdifferentiation (phenotypic switch between mature cell types without cell division). Despite their putative physiological relevance, a comprehensive characterization of multifunctional AP cells is lacking. Here we combine calcium imaging (to assess responses to the four HRHs) and multiple sequential immunoassay of the six AP hormones in the same individual cells to perform a complete phenotypic characterization of mouse AP cells. Polyhormonal and multiresponsive cells were identified within all five AP cell types. They were scarce in the more abundant cell types, somatotropes and lactotropes, but quite frequent in corticotropes and gonadotropes. Cells with mixed phenotypes were the rule rather than the exception in thyrotropes, where 56–83 % of the cells stored two to five different hormones. Multifunctional AP cells were much more abundant in females than in males, indicating that the hormonal changes associated with the sexual cycle may promote transdifferentiation. As the phenotypic analysis was performed here after stimulation with HRHs, the fraction of polyhormonal cells might have been underestimated. With this limitation, the polyhormonal cells detected here responded to the HRHs less than the monohormonal ones, suggesting that they might contribute less than expected a priori to paradoxical secretion. Overall, our results reveal a striking sexual dimorphism, the female pituitary being much more plastic than the male pituitary.
Purification and Structural Determination of Hematopoietic Stem Cell-Stimulating Monoacetyldiglycerides from Cervus nippon (Deer Antler) (2004)

A mixture of monoacetyldiglycerides was newly isolated from the chloroform extract of antlers of Cervus nippon, guided by the hematopoietic stimulation of stem cells. The structures of monoacetyldiglycerides were determined by various spectroscopic methods: FAB MS, CID tandem MS, and 1D and 2D NMR. A mixture of at least nine inseparable sn-3-monoacetyldiglycerides was identified: 1 [C(39)H(72)O(6) (C16 : 0/C18 : 1)], 2 [C(39)H(72)O(6) (C18 : 1/C16 : 0)], 3 [C(39)H(70)O(6) (C16 : 0/C18 : 2)], 4 [C(39)H(70)O(6) (C18 : 2/C16 : 0)], 5 [C(41)H(74)O(6) (C18 : 0/C18 : 2), 6 [C(41)H(74)O(6) (C18 : 2/C18 : 0)], 7 [C(41)H(74)O(6) (C18 : 1/C18 : 1)], 8 [C(43)H(74)O(6) (C18 : 0/C20 : 4)], and 9 [C(43)H(74)O(6) (C20 : 4/C18 : 0)]. Among these nine monoacetyldiglycerides in deer antlers, compound 3 was one of the major compounds and was efficiently synthesized from glycerol. Spectral data of synthetic monoacetyldiglyceride 3 were compared with the corresponding data for the mixture of natural monoacetyldiglycerides. The mixture of natural monoacetyldiglycerides from deer antlers showed potent activity on the hematopoiesis (stimulation index=1.40+/-0.05, p<0.02 at 1 microg/ml), and synthetic monoacetyldiglyceride 3 showed even better activity (stimulation index=1.54+/-0.12, p<0.001, at 1 microg/ml).
Data compression in the V.42bis modems (2002)

A first international data compression standard became available when the CCITT adopted the V.42bis. standard in 1990. The standard is now used by more than 50 modem manufacturers and is rapidly,spreading into Local and Remote Area Networks (LANs, WANs). Follow-on standards now being developed (such as V.34 or V.fast) use the same data compression method in different communications protocols. British Telecom developed the V.42bis standard by combining a variety of inventions and ideas into a standard called BLTZ (British Telecom Lempel Ziv). Data compression is based on tree libraries invented by Holtz in 1974, which Welch modified in 1984 into the LZW codes. British Telecom added "Delayed Innovation" and a limited recycling library. A built-in microprocessor monitors the compression ratio, switching compression on or off using IBM's "Escape Character" sequences. The output codes are stuffed into 8 bit octets and combined into packets which include error checking codes. Defective packets are re-transmitted automatically, ensuring error free data transmission.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>