gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic evaluation of facial attractiveness (2010)

In this paper we present an approach of applying machine learning algorithms to the task of predicting human attractiveness. We have collected human beauty ratings of female facial images. We have chosen eigenfaces and ratio-based features as face representations. Along with k-nearest neighbors, we have used neural network and AdaBoost algorithms, which had not been used for this task before. Our analysis shows that machine learning algorithms have a preference towards facial symmetry, but also that a wider set of features needs to be included. We validate our results with a survey of four participants, which shows that facial attractiveness is a highly subjective judgement.
Selective Removal of Cs<sup>+</sup>, Sr<sup>2+</sup>, and Ni<sup>2+</sup> by K<sub>2<i>x</i></sub>Mg<sub><i>x</i></sub>Sn<sub>3–<i>x</i></sub>S<sub>6</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0.5–1) (KMS-2) Relevant to Nuclear Waste Remediation (2013)

137Cs and 90Sr, both byproducts of the uranium and plutonium fission processes, make up the majority of high-level waste from nuclear power plants. 63Ni is a byproduct of the erosion-corrosion process of the reactor components in nuclear energy plants. The concentrations of these ions in solution determine the Waste Class (A, B, or C); thus, their selective removal in the presence of large excesses of nonradioactive ions is necessary to reduce waste volume and cut disposal costs. We report the new material K2xMgxSn3–xS6 (x = 0.5–1, KMS-2) and its application for the ion exchange of Cs+, Sr2+, and Ni2+ in varying conditions. This compound crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/mmc with cell parameters a = b = 3.6749(8) Å and c = 16.827(4) Å. The difference in crystal structure between KMS-2, the previously reported Mn analog K2xMnxSn3–xS6 (KMS-1), and their parent SnS2 is also described. Distribution coefficients for KMS-2 are high for Cs+ (7.1 × 103 mL/g) and Sr2+ (2.1 × 104 mL/g) at neutral pH (∼ 6 ppm, V/m ∼1000 mL/g). We also report on the comparative study of Ni2+ ion exchange with both KMS-1 and KMS-2. Additional competitive reactions using Cs+, Sr2+, and Ni2+ in high concentrations of salt solution and at different pH values are reported.
TWEAK and its receptor Fn14 in the synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared to psoriatic arthritis and its response to tumour necrosis factor blockade (2009)

TWEAK and Fn14 are abundantly expressed in the inflamed synovium of patients with RA and PsA. This raises the possibility that blocking TWEAK/Fn14 signalling could be of therapeutic benefit in inflammatory arthritis.
Reactions of hydroxymethylene ketones. Part III. Synthesis of 1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-pyridine polycarboxylic acids (1968)

3-Cyano-6-styryl-2-pyridones (IV), prepared by condensation of cinnamoylacetaldehydes (I) with cyanoacetamide, have been degraded to a variety of products including 1,2-dihydro-2-oxopyridine-3-carboxylic acids. Analogously, ethyl 3-cyano-1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-6-styryl-pyridine-4-carboxylates (X) led to another series of 1,2-dihydro-2-oxopyridine carboxylic acids.
Colloid chemistry (1924)

W. Clayton, Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., 1924, 21, 259 DOI: 10.1039/AR9242100259
A Timing-Driven Approach to Synthesize Fast Barrel Shifters (2008)

In modern digital signal processing and graphics applications, the shifter is an important module, consuming a significant amount of delay. This brief presents an architectural optimization approach to synthesize a faster barrel shifter block, which can be useful to reduce the delay of the design without significantly increasing the area. We have divided the problem of generating the shifter into two steps: (i) timing-driven selection of multiple stages for merging, and (ii) the design of the merged stage. In our proposed method, we define the notion of dual merged stage, where two stages are merged and the triple merged stage, where three stages are merged into a single composite stage. These merged stages are identified by using a timing-driven algorithm and are used in conjunction with some single stages of the traditional barrel shifter. The use of these merged stages helps reduce the depth of the proposed barrel shifter architecture, thereby improving the delay. The timing-driven nature of our algorithm helps produce a faster implementation for the overall shifter block. We have evaluated the performance of our design by using a number of technology libraries, timing constraints and shifter bit-widths. Our experimental data shows that the shifter block generated by our algorithm is significantly faster (10.19% on average) than the shifter block generated by a commercially available datapath synthesis tool. These improvements were verified on placed-and-routed designs as well.
Inter- and intraobserver variation in the analysis of optic disc images: comparison of the Heidelberg retina tomograph and computer assisted planimetry (1999)

Variation between observers is greatly reduced by the HRT when compared with planimetry. However, levels of variation, which may be clinically significant, remain for variables that depend on the subjective drawing of the disc margin.
Inhibition of MMP-9 by a selective gelatinase inhibitor protects neurovasculature from embolic focal cerebral ischemia (2012)

These results demonstrate considerable promise for the thiirane class of selective gelatinase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents in stroke therapy.
Sequence motifs in the integrin alpha 4 cytoplasmic tail required for regulation of in vivo expansion of murine lymphoma cells. (1998)

The binding of integrins to cognate ligands is tightly controlled by intracellular signals. Conversely, integrin occupancy generates biochemical signals inside the cell. The present study examined whether concepts of integrin function established by in vitro analysis apply to regulation of receptor function in complex biologic settings in vivo using a mouse model of tumor metastasis. Integrin alpha 4 subunits were truncated at amino acid Gln1014 (A4-1014), preserving the conserved GFFKR motif, and at position Glu1021 (A4-1021). In vitro adhesion assays revealed that cytoplasmic tail truncations did not affect constitutive ligand binding of alpha 4 integrins, while agonist-induced adhesion was abolished by the alpha 4-1014, but not by the alpha 4-1021, mutation. Inducible ligand binding of alpha 4 integrins was dependent on cytoskeletal function, whereas constitutive adhesion was not. In vivo metastasis formation assays demonstrated that expansion of murine T lymphoma cells in spleen is strongly inhibited by the wild-type alpha 4 subunit and the alpha 4-1021 mutant. In contrast, the in vivo phenotype of alpha 4 integrin expression in lymphoma cells was completely abrogated by the alpha 4-1014 mutation. Cross-linking of alpha 4 integrins in vitro inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis of LB cells expressing wild-type alpha 4 subunits or the alpha 4-1021 mutant, but not of LB-A4-1014 cells. In summary, these results demonstrate that sequence motifs regulating cytoskeleton-dependent alpha 4 integrin activation in vitro are essential for the control of LB lymphoma cell expansion both in vitro and in vivo.
Differential Regulation of Plasminogen Activator and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor by Osteotropic Factors in Primary Cultures of Mature Osteoblasts and Osteoblast Precursors* (1990)

Plasminogen activators (PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAI) have been implicated in the process of extracellular matrix degradation. To study their role in bone matrix turnover, we examined the activity and regulation of PA and PAI in cultures of periosteal osteoblast-like precursor cells and mature osteoblast-like cells from fetal rat calvariae. Both cell populations released PA activity of the tissue type and a 50K PAI species into the culture medium. However, mature osteoblasts had a strikingly lower PA activity and higher PAI activity than periosteal precursor cells, indicating that osteoblast differentiation is associated with a marked decrease in the PA/PAI ratio. PTH and prostaglandin E2 transiently increased PA activity and decreased PAI activity. In contrast, transforming growth factor-beta decreased PA activity and increased PAI activity. Differential effects of these factors on PA and PAI activity may be involved in the regulation of extracellular matrix deposition by osteoblasts.
Pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic acid in the rhesus monkey. (1995)

9-cis-Retinoic acid is a naturally occurring biologically active retinoid capable of binding and transactivating both the retinoic acid receptors and the retinoid X receptors. A study was performed to characterize the pharmacokinetics 9-cis-retinoic acid following i.v. bolus administration in the nonhuman primate. Groups of three animals received i.v. bolus doses of 9-cis-retinoic acid of either 50 or 100 mg/m2. Blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples for determination of 9-cis-retinoic acid concentration were obtained prior to and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, 360, and 480 min following drug administration. The plasma drug concentration profile of 9-cis-retinoic acid was consistent with a first-order elimination process, with a harmonic mean half-life of 31 min, and a mean clearance of 97 ml/min/m2. The pharmacokinetics of 9-cis-retinoic acid were linear over the dose range studied. Plasma concentrations of all-trans-retinoic acid following 9-cis-retinoic acid administration were less than the limit of quantitation (0.1 microM), suggesting that isomerization to all-trans-retinoic acid is not a major metabolic pathway. In contrast to all-trans-retinoic acid, the elimination of 9-cis-retinoic acid did not appear to be capacity limited (saturable). Previous studies in the Rhesus monkey have shown that repeated dosing with all-trans-retinoic acid leads to a reduction of this saturable component of elimination and results in reduced exposure to drug. These studies, in an animal model highly predictive of humans, suggest that declines in plasma concentrations of 9-cis-retinoic acid as a result of its repeat administration at doses up to 100 mg/m2 will not occur.
Explainable artificial intelligence: A survey (2018)

In the last decade, with availability of large datasets and more computing power, machine learning systems have achieved (super)human performance in a wide variety of tasks. Examples of this rapid development can be seen in image recognition, speech analysis, strategic game planning and many more. The problem with many state-of-the-art models is a lack of transparency and interpretability. The lack of thereof is a major drawback in many applications, e.g. healthcare and finance, where rationale for model's decision is a requirement for trust. In the light of these issues, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has become an area of interest in research community. This paper summarizes recent developments in XAI in supervised learning, starts a discussion on its connection with artificial general intelligence, and gives proposals for further research directions.
Facile Ring-Opening Reactions of Phthalimides as a New Strategy to Synthesize Amide-Functionalized Phosphonates, Primary Phosphines, and Bisphosphines (2000)

The nucleophile-assisted ring-opening reaction of phthalimides 1 has been studied. The reaction of phthalimides 1 with 0.5 equiv of hydrazine produced the novel bisphosphonates 2 in near quantitative yields whereas with 10-fold excess of hydrazine, diethyl aminoalkylphosphonates 3 was formed in 75% yields. The reaction of phthalimide 1b with 3-(aminopropyl)phosphine resulted in a novel compound 4a containing a PIII hydride and a PV phosphonate within the same molecule. In addition, the reaction of 1b with 2-aminoethanol and 2-aminoethanethiol resulted in the formation of new phosphonates 4b,c. The reaction of bisphosphonates 2 with LiAlH4 in THF at 0 °C selectively reduced the phosphonate groups producing corresponding air-stable primary bisphosphines 6 in 80% yields. Further, the formylation of bisphosphines 6 under very mild conditions using 37% aqueous formaldehyde produced the corresponding novel water-soluble bisphosphine chelating agents 7 in near quantitative yields. All the new compounds have been characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR, IR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry.
Secure Anonymous Routing in Trust and Clustered Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Wireless ad hoc networks , especially in the hostile environment, are vulnerable to traffic analysis which allows the adversary to trace the routing messages and the sensitive data packets. Anonymity mechanism in ad hoc networks is critical securing measure used to mitigate these problems. In this paper, we propose a novel secure anonymous routing scheme for clustered wireless ad hoc networks. In our proposed scheme, we use the bloom filter to establish secure anonymous routing in trust and clustered wireless ad hoc networks. It provides not only the basic sender and receiver anonymity, but also the link anonymity and the identity anonymity to the forwarders en route.
The Dissociation Constants and the Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Peroxymonophosphoric Acid (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Dissociation Constants and the Kinetics of Hydrolysis of Peroxymonophosphoric AcidCharles J. Battaglia and John O. EdwardsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 4, 552–558Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50026a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50026a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Techniques for the Blind Estimation of Signal to Noise Ratio for Quadrature Modulated Signals (1996)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThe knowledge of the detected signal to noise ratio (SNR) for a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) or M-ary phase shift keyed signal is necessary to estimate the detected symbol error rate [1]. This paper introduces and compares three approaches to the estimation of SNR using the symbol soft techniques discussed also provide constellation symbol coordinates.\n\t\t\t\t
Self‐Reported Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids, and Cognitive Decline in Elderly Adults: A 25‐Year Study (2015)

Self-reported hearing loss is associated with accelerated cognitive decline in older adults; hearing aid use attenuates such decline.
Radotinib Induces Apoptosis of CD11b+ Cells Differentiated from Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells (2015)

Radotinib, developed as a BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is approved for the second-line treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in South Korea. However, therapeutic effects of radotinib in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that radotinib significantly decreases the viability of AML cells in a dose-dependent manner. Kasumi-1 cells were more sensitive to radotinib than NB4, HL60, or THP-1 cell lines. Furthermore, radotinib induced CD11b expression in NB4, THP-1, and Kasumi-1 cells either in presence or absence of all trans-retinoic acid (ATRA). We found that radotinib promoted differentiation and induced CD11b expression in AML cells by downregulating LYN. However, CD11b expression induced by ATRA in HL60 cells was decreased by radotinib through upregulation of LYN. Furthermore, radotinib mainly induced apoptosis of CD11b+ cells in the total population of AML cells. Radotinib also increased apoptosis of CD11b+ HL60 cells when they were differentiated by ATRA/dasatinib treatment. We show that radotinib induced apoptosis via caspase-3 activation and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) in CD11b+ cells differentiated from AML cells. Our results suggest that radotinib may be used as a candidate drug in AML or a chemosensitizer for treatment of AML by other therapeutics.
Predicting mobile application usage using contextual information (2012)

As the mobile applications become increasing popular, people are installing more and more Apps on their smart phones. In this paper, we answer the question whether it is feasible to predict which App the user will open. The ability for such prediction can help pre-loading the right Apps to the memory for faster execution or help floating the desired Apps to the home screen for quicker launch. We explored a variety of contextual information, such as last used App, time, location, and the user profile, to predict the user's App usage using the MDC dataset. We present three findings from our studies. First, the contextual information can be used to learn the pattern of user's App usage and to predict App usage effectively. Second, for the MDC dataset, the correlation between sequentially used Apps has a strong contribution to the prediction accuracy. Lastly, the linear model is more effective than the Bayesian model to combine all contextual information and for such predictions.
Residual abnormalities of insulin secretion and sensitivity after weight loss by obese women. (1989)

Changes in plasma insulin and glucose concentrations before and after feeding were measured in six female subjects (post-obese) who had regained a normal body mass after a history of severe obesity (mean weight loss, 37.1 +/- 2.6 kg). The responses of the post-obese group were compared with a group of weight- and age-matched subjects who had not been obese (lean). After an overnight fast subjects were fed a meal at 09.00 h and 13.10 h. Fasting and post-prandial insulin concentrations were lower in post-obese than in lean subjects. Immediately after beginning to eat at 13.10 h all subjects showed a rise in insulin concentration with no change in glucose concentration. In this pre-absorptive period there was no significant difference in insulin concentration between post-obese and lean subjects, although the increment in insulin concentration over baseline values was greater in post-obese subjects (P less than 0.05). It is concluded that abnormalities of insulin secretion and action remain after weight loss by obese subjects. These abnormalities may predispose to hyperphagia and accumulation of excess adiposity.
Real-Time Processing of Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization on FPGA (2010)

Contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) is a technique to enhance the visibility of local details of an image by increasing the contrast in local regions. In CLAHE, the enhancement is controlled to avoid excess amplification of the noises in the local regions. CLAHE computes several histograms of intensity values, each corresponding to a distinct region of the image, distributes the histograms to avoid the excess amplification, and remaps the intensity values using the distributed histograms. In this paper, we propose an approach for real-time computation of CLAHE using an FPGA. In our system, (1) a histogram is generated for each pixel in a image, and the intensity of only the pixel is remapped using the histogram to generate smooth images, and (2) each histogram is speculatively distributed without iterations by feeding back the distribution result of its previous pixel. With this approach, we can achieve real-time processing of HD images.
Query languages and XML (2002)

XML data is different from data found in relational databases in several important respects. The article discusses these differences and why they justify development of a new query language for XML. It also reports on the activities of the W3C working group on XML queries.
Interaction of the Equatorial Midnight Pressure Bulge and Thermospheric Zonal Winds (1986)

The zonal component of the thermospheric neutral wind in the equatorial region is found to flow eastward all night, having a minimum near midnight. The data, obtained by Spencer et al. on the Dynamics Explorer-2 (DE-2) satellite, and reported more recently by Wharton et al., indicate that the minimum feature is significant. The minimum is illustrated by a 4th order Fourier series fit to the data points reported by Wharton et al. A table gives the amplitudes and phases of the four harmonic components used with the estimated error for each amplitude. It is asked whether this behavior is due to the local passage of the equatorial midnight pressure bulge associated with the midnight temperature anomaly. If so, it is to be expected that other data characterizing the midnight temperature anomaly should show consistency with this observation, especially in view of the large changes observed in the zonal velocity in the midnight sector. Consistency in momentum conservation may be checked using available data from previous independent experiments. Such data, taken under similar conditions of solar activity, was substituted into the momentum equation and found to be consistent using a priori estimates of the effect of viscosity.
Reputation in P2P Anonymity Systems (2003)

Decentralized anonymity systems tend to be unreliable, because users must choose nodes in the network without knowing the entire state of the network. Reputation systems promise to improve reliability by predicting network state. In this paper we focus on anonymous remailers and anonymous publishing, explain why the systems can benefit from reputation, and describe our experiences designing reputation systems for them while still ensuring anonymity. We find that in each example we first must redesign the underlying anonymity system to support verifiable transactions.
Effect of surface ligands on the optical properties of aqueous soluble CdTe quantum dots (2012)

We investigate systematically the influence of the nature of thiol-type capping ligands on the optical and structural properties of highly luminescent CdTe quantum dots synthesized in aqueous media, comparing mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), thioglycolic acid (TGA), 1-thioglycerol (TGH), and glutathione (GSH). The growth rate, size distribution, and quantum yield strongly depend on the type of surface ligand used. While TGH binds too strongly to the nanocrystal surface inhibiting growth, the use of GSH results in the fastest growth kinetics. TGA and MPA show intermediate growth kinetics, but MPA yields a much lower initial size distribution than TGA. The obtained fluorescence quantum yields range from 38% to 73%. XPS studies unambiguously put into evidence the formation of a CdS shell on the CdTe core due to the thermal decomposition of the capping ligands. This shell is thicker when GSH is used as ligand, as compared with TGA ligands.