gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiological Aspects of Yield Improvement in Soybeans<sup>1</sup> (1980)

Abstract An understanding of the physiological changes that have occurred in cultivar development in the past would be helpful in the continued production of high yielding cultivars of the various crop species. Field experiments using conventional cultural practices with supplemental irrigation were conducted in 1976 to determine the physiological basis for yield differences between old, low yielding soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars (Lincoln' and ‘Dorman’) and new high yielding cultivars (‘Williams’ and ‘Essex’). Mechanical support was used to prevent lodging for comparison to control plots with no mechanical support. There was no lodging in Lincoln and Williams (Maturity Group III); whereas, in maturity group V, Dorman lodged significantly more than Essex in the control plots. However, there was no relationship between lodging and yield. Williams produced 34% more yield than Lincoln, primarily because of larger seed. Essex produced 88% more yield than Dorman, primarily because of more seed per unit area. Yield differences were not correlated with total shoot weights or CO 2 uptake rates of a single leaf during vegetative or early reproductive growth. Rates of acetylene reduction were similar for Williams and Lincoln, but Essex had a higher rate than Dorman. The yield advantage of Williams resulted partially from a longer filling period (12%), which was associated with higher CO 2 uptake and acetylene reduction rates late in the filling period. Essex and Dorman produced similar total shoot weights late in the filling period, so the yield advantage for Essex resulted from partitioning more photosynthate to the seed. The data suggest that yield improvement in the future may be possible by lengthening the filling period. It may not be possible to increase seed yields by increasing the partitioning of photosynthate to the seed if the partitioning in current cultivars is approaching the maximum.
A hybrid equivalent capacity admission control algorithm for ATM congestion control (2002)

Admission control is an important method for congestion control in ATM networks. The authors propose an efficient hybrid algorithm for the calculation of the required equivalent bandwidth of a virtual circuit call given a traffic descriptor consisting of its class, average bit rate, peak bit rate and mean burst length. The algorithm is a hybrid of the class related rule and planar approximation methods thus accommodating homogeneous traffic as well as heterogeneous quality of service requirements traffic. The algorithm employs a limited statistical multiplexing method for improved network bandwidth exploitation. The combination of efficient operation for homogeneous virtual channels and a high statistical multiplexing gain for heterogeneous calls results in a more effective admission control strategy than either method alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
968. Alkyl–oxygen fission in carboxylic esters. Part XI. Reactions of secondary alcohols containing the 2 : 4 : 6-trimethoxyphenyl radical (1952)

J. Kenyon and R. F. Mason, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 4964 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520004964
Interlocking Intramedullary Nail Method for the Treatment of Femoral and Tibial Fractures in Cats and Small Dogs. (1998)

We have developed an interlocking intramedullary nail method for the treatment of femoral and tibial fractures and used this method for the treatment of 7 cats and 6 dogs with these fractures. The interlocking nails, with a diameter of 4-6 mm and length of 60-140 mm, have holes at 10 mm intervals for screwing. The nail placed on the insertion device was inserted into the marrow cavity from the end of the fractured bone in the usual procedures for intramedullary fixation, then fixed by screws at the distal and proximal ends with a jig which was also attached to the insertion device. Animals were able to bear weight on the treated legs within three days, and the prognosis was excellent.
Distributed sample acquisition-based fast cell search in inter-cell asynchronous DS/CDMA systems (2000)

We introduce a fast fell-search scheme based on the distributed sample acquisition (DSA) technique for inter-cell asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. The proposed DSA scheme enables the long-code acquisition extremely fast even without employing any passive matched filter which used to dominate synchronization circuit complexity in asynchronous DS/CDMA systems. In the DSA-based asynchronous DS/CDMA system, each base station spreads its DQPSK-modulated long-code generator information with an assigned short-period igniter sequence, and broadcasts it as a common pilot signal. A mobile station first identifies and acquires the igniter sequence of the cell group currently located, then detects the conveyed long-code generator information by despreading the acquired igniter sequence, thereby identifying and synchronizing the long-code of the current cell. The mean acquisition time of this proposed DSA-based inter-cell asynchronous DS/CDMA system, evaluated under the assumption that each of 512 cell-specific long-codes is a 10-ms segment (38400-chips for the chip rates of 3.84 Mchips/s) of complex Gold codes of period 2/sup 18/-1 and the igniter sequence (or, group code) set is composed of 7 complex orthogonal Gold codes of period 256, turned out even shorter than that of the inter-cell synchronous DS/CDMA systems employing the conventional serial search method. Furthermore, simulation results showed that the DSA scheme employing a passive matched filter is much superior in terms of acquisition time and robustness, to the 3GPP W-CDMA synchronization scheme having comparable complexity.
The antigen-presenting environment in normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)-related premalignant cervical epithelium (1999)

SUMMARY The activation of HPV-specific T cells within the cervical microenvironment is likely to play an important part in the natural history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The extent and the type of T cell activation will depend critically on the expression of MHC, costimulatory cell surface molecules and cytokines by keratinocytes and Langerhans cells within the cervical lesion. Expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR and -DQ), costimulatory/adhesion molecules (CD11a/18, CD50, CD54, CD58 and CD86) and cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10) was therefore investigated by immunohistochemistry in normal squamous epithelium (n = 12), low-grade (n = 23) and high-grade (n = 18) squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix. CIN progression was associated with de novo expression of HLA-DR and CD54, and increased expression of CD58 by keratinocytes. However, significantly, there was no expression of any adhesion/costimulation molecule by epithelial Langerhans cells in any cervical biopsy studied. Furthermore, TNF-α, a potent activator of Langerhans cells, was expressed constitutively by basal keratinocytes in normal cervix (12+/12), but expression of this cytokine was absent in a number of CIN samples (20+/23 for low-grade, 12+/18 for high-grade CIN). Conversely, the suppressive cytokine IL-10 was absent in normal epithelium (0+/12), but was up-regulated in a number of CIN lesions (12+/23 for low-grade, 8+/18 for high-grade CIN). The restricted expression of costimulation/adhesion molecules and the nature of the cytokine microenvironment within the epithelium may act to limit effective immune responses in some CIN lesions.
Heterogeneity of Leukotriene C <sub>4</sub> Production by Eosinophils from Asthmatic and from Normal Subjects (1988)

We evaluated the formation of leukotriene C4 (LTC4) by peripheral blood eosinophils of different densities obtained from asthmatic and normal subjects. When stimulated with 1 microgram/ml of the calcium ionophore A23187 for 15 min at 37 degrees C, eosinophils with densities greater than 1.093 g/ml from asthmatic and normal subjects released 19.1 +/- 4.2 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils and 23.9 +/- 5.0 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils, respectively. In contrast, lower density eosinophils (densities 1.093 g/ml or less) isolated from the asthmatic subjects released significantly less LTC4 than did eosinophils of similar densities from normal subjects (41.6 +/- 3.0 versus 79.0 +/- 6.7 ng LTC4/10(6) eosinophils, p less than 0.05). Differences could not be demonstrated between the two subject groups in LTC4 metabolism, time course of extracellular release of LTC4, or dose response to A23187, nor were interactions between eosinophils and neutrophils with regard to LTC4 release evident. Thus, hypodense eosinophils elaborate greater quantities of LTC4 than do eosinophils of normal density whether obtained from normal or asthmatic subjects. However, the finding that peripheral blood eosinophils from asthmatic subjects have decreased capacity for the synthesis of LTC4 compared with cells of similar densities isolated from normal subjects demonstrates that the capacity of eosinophils to produce LTC4 is regulated by factors that are not necessarily reflected in the cell density.
Cluster-based delta compression of a collection of files (2003)

Delta compression techniques are commonly used to succinctly represent an updated version of a file with respect to an earlier one. We study the use of delta compression in a somewhat different scenario, where we wish to compress a large collection of (more or less) related files by performing a sequence of pairwise delta compressions. The problem of finding an optimal delta encoding for a collection of files by taking pairwise deltas can be reduced to the problem of computing a branching of maximum weight in a weighted directed graph, but this solution is inefficient and thus does not scale to larger file collections. This motivates us to propose a framework for cluster-based delta compression that uses text clustering techniques to prune the graph of possible pairwise delta encodings. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we present experimental results on collections of Web pages. Our experiments show that cluster-based delta compression of collections provides significant improvements in compression ratio as compared to individually compressing each file or using tar+gzip, at a moderate cost in efficiency.
Integrating Wind Farm to the Grid Using Hybrid Multiterminal HVDC Technology (2010)

Since wind generation is one of the most mature renewable energy technologies, it will have the greatest share of future renewable energy portfolio. Due to the special characteristics of the wind generation, it requires extensive research to explore the best choice for wind power integration. In light of the practical project experience, this paper explores the feasibility of using HVdc transmission technology, particularly multiterminal HVdc (MTDC), as one of the preferable solutions to solve the grid interconnection issue of wind generation. This paper mainly focuses on the application of the hybrid MTDC to integrate wind farms into the electric power grid. A five-terminal hybrid MTDC model system including a large capacity wind farm is set up in PSCAD/EMTDC, in which the corresponding control strategy is designed. The operation characteristic of the hybrid system is studied, and the proposed control strategy is verified through simulation under various conditions, including wind speed variation and faults on ac side and dc side.
Layout verification in the era of process uncertainty: requirements for speed, accuracy, and process portability (2007)

A few years ago, model-based layout verification was used primarily with mask data preparation as a safety net to predict and avoid limited printability performance prior to mask fabrication. If certain layout locations would transfer poorly onto the wafer, the mask data was intercepted, preventing yield loss associated with "mask issues." Such mask-related issues come primarily from three sources: Mask manufacture bias, OPC limitations and intrinsic layout configurations. While mask manufacture bias and OPC limitations can be addressed during the final stages of mask synthesis and manufacture, layout configurations that exhibit poor lithographic performance for a given process cannot be modified without considering the electrical effect such new topologies will induce in the modified layout. In principle, marginally performing layouts can be removed from the design by adequately interpreting geometric design rules. Unfortunately, while such rules are strictly defined for 1D, they are not as well-defined for arbitrary 2D configurations. For that reason, several approaches to transferring sufficient process information to the layout synthesis tools to prevent the presence of layout configurations incompatible with the production process have been attempted. However, when the production process is not fully developed, using these approaches can potentially limit the portability of the layout. In this paper, we describe and evaluate different approaches to defining reasonable layout verification targets by exploring various methods to reduce verification time, maintain accuracy and improve layout portability. First, to reduce verification time, we implement a method to quickly scan the layout for large variations without the need to run the actual OPC recipe. This paper describes the characteristics of a model that defines a pseudo-OPC process. Next, because the pseudo-OPC process cannot be mapped exactly to the real OPC process, there are accuracy limitations when using only the pseudo-OPC process. To overcome these limitations, the verification system follows an incremental approach, in which those regions previously selected are evaluated with the full mask synthesis recipe to reduce the number of falsely detected errors. Finally, to investigate the issue of portability, we evaluate how different errors evolve with maturing process and OPC recipe conditions for different layout patterns.
1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone interferes in determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by RIA after immunoextraction (1995)

Journal Article 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3-26,23-lactone interferes in determination of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by RIA after immunoextraction Get access B W Hollis B W Hollis Dept. of Pediatrics, Medical Univ. of South Carolina, Charleston 29425,USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 1313–1314, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1313 Published: 01 September 1995
1-Dopa recovery from Mucuna seed (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1-Dopa recovery from Mucuna seedMelvin E. Daxenbichler, Cecil H. VanEtten, Fontaine R. Earle, and William H. TallentCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1972, 20, 5, 1046–1048Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60183a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60183a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views173Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation of calmodulin (2002)

Calmodulin (CaM) is phosphorylated in vitro and in vivo by multiple protein-serine/threonine and protein-tyrosine kinases. Casein kinase II and myosin light-chain kinase are two of the well established protein-serine/threonine kinases implicated in this process. On the other hand, within the protein-tyrosine kinases involved in the phosphorylation of CaM are receptors with tyrosine kinase activity, such as the insulin receptor and the epidermal growth factor receptor, and nonreceptor protein-tyrosine kinases, such as several members of the Src family kinases, Janus kinase 2, and p38Syk. The phosphorylation of CaM brings important physiological consequences for the cell as the diverse phosphocalmodulin species have differential actions as compared to nonphosphorylated CaM when acting on different CaM-dependent systems. In this review we will summarize the progress made on this topic as the first report on phosphorylation of CaM was published almost two decades ago. We will emphasize the description of the phosphorylation events mediated by the different protein kinases not only in the test tube but in intact cells, the phosphorylation-mediated changes of CaM activity, its action on CaM-dependent systems, and the functional repercussion of these phosphorylation processes in the physiology of the cell.
Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design (1993)

Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design is the first book devoted entirely to the analysis and design of digital BiCMOS integrated circuits. BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design also reviews CMOS and CML integrated circuit design. The application of BiCMOS in the design of digital subsystems, e.g. adders, multipliers, RAMs and PLAs is addressed. The book also introduces the reader to IC process technology: CMOS, bipolar and BiCMOS. The modeling of both the bipolar and MOS devices are covered. Many process/device/circuit design issues are discussed. Digital BiCMOS Integrated Circuit Design can be used by engineers, researchers, graduate and senior undergraduate students working in the area of digital integrated circuits, digital circuits and system design, BiCMOS process and device modeling
Laser modulated scattering as a nondestructive evaluation tool for optical surfaces and thin film coatings (1999)

Laser modulated scattering (LMS) is introduced as a non- destruction evaluation tool for defect inspection and characterization of optical surface sand thin film coatings. It allows simultaneous measurement of the DC and AC scattering signals of a probe laser beam from an optical surface. by comparison between the DC and AC scattering signals, one can differentiate absorptive defects from non- absorptive ones. This paper describes the principle of the LMS technique and the experimental setup, and illustrates examples on using LMS as a tool for nondestructive evaluation of high quality optics.
A remote fiber optic dosimeter network for detecting hydrazine vapor (1995)

A fiber optic chemical dosimeter has been developed for use in the remote detection of vapors of toxic amine rocket fuels (hydrazine and its substituted derivatives) that are used as Air Force and civilian launch sites. The dosimeter employs a colorimetric indicating reagent immobilized in a porous sol-gel cladding on multimode fiber. This reagent reacts selectively with the fuel vapor to produce a strongly absorbing cladding that introduces light propagation losses in the fiber; these losses indicate the presence of hydrazine (N{sub 2}H{sub 4}) vapor. The absorption occurs over a broad spectral range ideally suited for interrogation by semiconductor diode lasers. The authors have shown that the dosimeter yields an average hydrazine detectivity of 2.3 exposures of the dosimeter to laboratory air have not adversely affected the dosimeter. Additionally, its response to ammonia vapor has been determined to be 9,200 times smaller than its response to hydrazine vapor.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Concepts and Chemical Applications (2014)

Abstract Review: 177 refs.
Designing a Chat-bot that Simulates an Historical Figure (2013)

There are many applications that are incorporating a human appearance and intending to simulate human dialog, but in most of the cases the knowledge of the conversational bot is stored in a database created by a human experts. However, very few researches have investigated the idea of creating a chat-bot with an artificial character and personality starting from web pages or plain text about a certain person. This paper describes an approach to the idea of identifying the most important facts in texts describing the life (including the personality) of an historical figure for building a conversational agent that could be used in middle-school CSCL scenarios.
Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein Bypasses Replicative Senescence in Primary Cells through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2 Activation (2009)

Embryonic stem cells are immortalized cells whose proliferation rate is comparable to that of carcinogenic cells. To study the expression of embryonic stem cell genes in primary cells, genetic screening was performed by infecting mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a cDNA library from embryonic stem cells. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) was identified due to its ability to bypass replicative senescence in primary cells. CIRP enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and treatment with an MEK inhibitor decreased the proliferation caused by CIRP. In contrast to CIRP upregulation, CIRP downregulation decreased cell proliferation and resulted in inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 inhibition. This is the first evidence that ERK1/2 activation, through the same mechanism as that described for a Val12 mutant K-ras to induce premature senescence, is able to bypass senescence in the absence of p16(INK4a), p21(WAF1), and p19(ARF) upregulation. Moreover, these results show that CIRP functions by stimulating general protein synthesis with the involvement of the S6 and 4E-BP1 proteins. The overall effect is an increase in kinase activity of the cyclin D1-CDK4 complex, which is in accordance with the proliferative capacity of CIRP MEFs. Interestingly, CIRP mRNA and protein were upregulated in a subgroup of cancer patients, a finding that may be of relevance for cancer research.
Major approaches for generating and analyzing transgenic mice. An overview. (1993)

Over the past decade, the development of gene-transfer technology in whole animals has afforded unprecedented opportunities for investigators to probe complex regulatory systems in vivo. Important advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of gene expression and regulation and the development of animal models of human diseases are but two examples of how this technology has affected medical science. Transgenic animals are defined as animals in which a segment of DNA has been physically integrated into the genome of all cells, including the germ line, so that it can be transmitted to offspring as a simple Mendelian trait. The DNA segment generally consists of a whole cloned gene, cDNA, or a novel gene modified by recombinant DNA methodologies. Whole genomic clones of genes are often used to study tissue- and cell-specific expression and regulation or can be used to overexpress a gene product. Alternatively, the coding region of one gene can be fused to the transcriptional regulatory region of another gene, causing it to be expressed in a new spectrum of tissues and cell types. A number of methods can be used to introduce the DNA segment, including direct microinjection of one-cell fertilized embryos, retroviral-mediated transfer, or gene transfer in embryonic stem cells. The technique most often used to generate transgenic animals and perform "gene addition" experiments is direct microinjection. Alternatively, gene deletions or "knockouts" are performed by gene transfer in embryonic stem cells by specifically targeting the site of integration in the genome.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)