gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Oxygen and Culture Media on Plating Efficiency of Some Mammalian Tissue Cells (1972)

Journal Article Influence of Oxygen and Culture Media on Plating Efficiency of Some Mammalian Tissue Cells Get access Alan Richter, Alan Richter Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Katherine K. Sanford, Katherine K. Sanford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Virginia J. Evans Virginia J. Evans Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 49, Issue 6, December 1972, Pages 1705–1712, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/49.6.1705 Published: 01 December 1972 Article history Received: 07 June 1972 Revision received: 17 August 1972 Accepted: 23 August 1972 Published: 01 December 1972
Public Health Law (1926)

Public Health Law W. F. Walker CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.16.8.833-b Published Online: August 30, 2011
Closely Interconnected Network of Molybdenum Phosphide Nanoparticles: A Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for Generating Hydrogen from Water (2014)

A closely interconnected network of MoP nanoparticles (MoP-CA2) with rich nano-pores, large specific surface area, and high conductivity can function as a highly active non-noble metal catalyst for electrochemically generating hydrogen from acidic water. The network exhibits nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency and needs overpotentials of 125 and 200 mV to attain current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm(-2) , respectively. The catalytic activity is maintained for at least 24 h.
Hydrodynamics instabilities of cholesterics under a thermal gradient (1973)

We present a theoretical study of convective instabilities of cholesteric liquid crystal under a thermal gradient. We consider the case of distortions smooth in comparison with the pitch P but fast in comparison with the sample thickness d. A macroscopic « in layers » description of cholesterics is used. The behavior of cholesterics under thermal gradient is found similar to the one under a. c. electric field (low frequency) or magnetic field, applied parallel to the helical axis. The spatial periodicity of the distortion at the threshold varies as (Pd)1/2, the threshold gradient as (Pd)-2. Convective instabilities are expected by heating the sample from the top in cholesteric with a negative thermal conductivity anisotropy Ka (K∥ , K〉 being the conductivity parallel and perpendicular to the molecules). On contrary for K a > 0 one expect convective instabilities by heating the sample from the underside.
Flip the Chip (2000)

As integrated circuit fabrication advances rapidly and the market for faster, lighter, smaller, yet less expensive electronic products accelerates, electronic packaging faces its own challenges. In this Perspective, Wong, Luo, and Zhang describe recent advances in flip chip packaging. This technology has many advantages over the conventional wire bonding technology and offers the possibility of low-cost electronic assembly for modern electronic products.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequencing of<scp>l</scp>-Lactate Dehydrogenase Gene from<i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i>M-192 (1994)

The gene encoding L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was cloned from an industrial dairy strain of Streptococcus thermophilus M-192 using a synthetic oligonucleotide probe based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The enzyme was deduced to have 328 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 35,428 and found to have high sequence similarity to LDHs from other lactic acid bacteria (89.0% to Streptococcus mutans, 76.3% to Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 67% to Lactobacillus casei, and 60% to Lactobacillus plantarum). The gene contained a promoter-like sequence similar to the Escherichia coli promoter consensus, and expression of the S. thermophilus LDH gene was observed in E. coli cells.
Real-time augmented face (2003)

This real-time augmented reality demonstration relies on our tracking algorithm described in V. Lepetit et al (2003). This algorithm considers natural feature points, and then does not require engineering of the environment. It merges the information from preceding frames in traditional recursive tracking fashion with that provided by a very limited number of reference frames. This combination results in a system that does not suffer from jitter and drift, and can deal with drastic changes. The tracker recovers the full 3D pose of the tracked object, allowing insertion of 3D virtual objects for augmented reality applications.
Oxygen Free Radical-Induced Histamine Release during Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion (1989)

Acute mesenteric ischemia is highly lethal and therefore a serious problem for surgery and intensive care medicine; accordingly its pathophysiology warrants further study. Oxygen free radicals (OFR) play a role in the intestinal mucosal damage that develops during reperfusion after ischemia. Histamine (H) is generally released in various types of tissue ischemia. The link between H release and OFR has only been studied in in vitro systems. We tested the hypothesis that OFR may be involved in H release following reperfusion of the ischemic gut. The artery supplying a segment of the ileum was occluded for 1 or 2 h in anesthetized dogs. On reperfusion, a release of H into the venous effluent of the segment was demonstrated. Pretreatment of the animals with allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase), or with MTDQ-DA [6,6'-methylene-bis(2,2-dimethyl-4-methanesulfonic acid sodium-1,2-dihydroquinoline)], a superoxide anion scavenger, or with a combination of allopurinol and MTDQ-DA resulted in an inhibition of H release. We conclude that OFR may play a role in the local H release following intestinal ischemia.
Complex Multivitamin Supplementation Improves Homocysteine and Resistance to LDL-C Oxidation (2003)

We conclude that a multi-ingredient vitamin formula with antioxidant properties has measurable effects on homocysteine and LDL-C oxidation indices.
The love–hate relationship between Ras and Notch (2005)

The Ras and Notch signaling pathways are used over and over again during development to control many different biological processes. Frequently, these two signaling pathways intersect to influence common processes, but sometimes they cooperate and sometimes they antagonize each other. The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva and the Drosophila eye are two classic paradigms for understanding how Ras and Notch affect cell fates, and how the two pathways work together to control biological pattern. Recent advances in these systems reveal some of the mechanisms by which Ras and Notch can interact. Similar types of interactions in mammals may be important for determining whether and how alterations in Ras or Notch lead to cancer.
Current Concepts in Drug‐Induced Mitochondrial Toxicity (2009)

Mitochondria generate most of the cell's ATP and play key roles in fatty acid oxidation, steroid synthesis, heme synthesis, thermogenesis, calcium homeostasis, and apoptosis. With the development of new methods to study mitochondrial function, it is becoming clear that drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the causes of drug toxicity. Mitochondria can be impaired by drugs in a variety of ways. These include inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation, uncoupling of electron transport from ATP synthesis, irreversible opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, inhibition of transporters within the mitochondrial inner membrane, increased oxidative stress, inhibition of the citric acid cycle, inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, and impairment of either mtDNA replication or mtDNA-encoded protein synthesis. This unit provides an overview on the physiological roles of mitochondria and the mechanisms by which they can be adversely affected by drugs.
Polygalacturonases: Many Genes in Search of a Function1 (1998)

Pectins are a major component of the plant cell wall and comprise one of the two major coextensive networks in which cellulose microfibrils are embedded ([Carpita and Gibeaut, 1993][1]). Pectic polysaccharides exist in the cell wall as either “smooth” regions of a linear copolymer of α-(1–4)-
Impact of ACTH Signaling on Transcriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Genes (2016)

The trophic peptide hormone adrenocorticotropic (ACTH) stimulates steroid hormone biosynthesis evoking both a rapid, acute response and a long-term, chronic response, via the activation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA) signaling. The acute response is initiated by the mobilization of cholesterol from lipid stores and its delivery to the inner mitochondrial membrane, a process that is mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. The chronic response results in the increased coordinated transcription of genes encoding steroidogenic enzymes. ACTH binding to its cognate receptor, melanocortin 2 receptor (MC2R), stimulates adenylyl cyclase, thus inducing cAMP production, PKA activation, and phosphorylation of specific nuclear factors, which bind to target promoters and facilitate coactivator protein recruitment to direct steroidogenic gene transcription. This review provides a general view of the transcriptional control exerted by the ACTH/cAMP system on the expression of genes encoding for steroidogenic enzymes in the adrenal cortex. Special emphasis will be given to the transcription factors required to mediate ACTH-dependent transcription of steroidogenic genes.
Skull vibration-induced nystagmus test in unilateral superior canal dehiscence and otosclerosis: a vestibular Weber test (2014)

In SCD, VIN was observed in 82% of patients with a primarily torsional, horizontal, and vertical (up-beating) component in 40%, 30%, and 30%, respectively. Horizontal and torsional components beat toward the side of the lesion more often than in OS. Higher SPVs were observed after vertex stimulation. In OS, VIN was sparse with low amplitude and was not systematically lateralized to a specific side.
human embryonic stem cells: biology and clinical implications (2005)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation stage embryo and are capable of prolonged symmetrical self-renewal (both daughter cells remain escs) as well as differentiation into derivatives of all three embryonic germ layers. ESCs therefore have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of transplantable cells to replace or regenerate damaged or diseased tissues. However, several barriers must be overcome before successful clinical trials are possible: for example, pure populations of the desired cell type need to be selected and expanded in clinically relevant numbers, and a method for preventing immunological rejection of the transplanted cells without long-term immunosuppressive therapy is also required. In this review, we highlight recent developments in human ESC derivation and expansion, outline current understanding of the signalling pathways underlying stem cell renewal, and discuss challenging problems related to the selective differentiation and immune properties of human ESCs.
The influence of index-depressions in core-pumped Yb-doped large pitch fibers (2010)

Rare-earth doped photonic crystal fibers rely ideally on an index matching of the doped core to the surrounding glass to work properly. Obtaining a perfect index matching is technologically very challenging, and fiber manufacturers opt for targeting an index depression instead, which still ensures the influence of the photonic structure on the light propagation. In this paper the analysis of the influence of this core index depression on the higher-order mode discrimination and on the beam quality of the fundamental mode of different designs of core-pumped active large pitch photonic crystal fibers is discussed. The most promising design is evaluated in terms of mode area scaling with a view to mode field diameters above 100 µm. Detailed requirements on the accuracy of the core index matching are deduced.
Cholinergic signaling inhibits oxalate transport by human intestinal T84 cells (2011)

Urolithiasis remains a very common disease in Western countries. Seventy to eighty percent of kidney stones are composed of calcium oxalate, and minor changes in urinary oxalate affect stone risk. Intestinal oxalate secretion mediated by anion exchanger SLC26A6 plays a major constitutive role in limiting net absorption of ingested oxalate, thereby preventing hyperoxaluria and calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Using the relatively selective PKC-δ inhibitor rottlerin, we had previously found that PKC-δ activation inhibits Slc26a6 activity in mouse duodenal tissue. To identify a model system to study physiologic agonists upstream of PKC-δ, we characterized the human intestinal cell line T84. Knockdown studies demonstrated that endogenous SLC26A6 mediates most of the oxalate transport by T84 cells. Cholinergic stimulation with carbachol modulates intestinal ion transport through signaling pathways including PKC activation. We therefore examined whether carbachol affects oxalate transport in T84 cells. We found that carbachol significantly inhibited oxalate transport by T84 cells, an effect blocked by rottlerin. Carbachol also led to significant translocation of PKC-δ from the cytosol to the membrane of T84 cells. Using pharmacological inhibitors, we observed that carbachol inhibits oxalate transport through the M(3) muscarinic receptor and phospholipase C. Utilizing the Src inhibitor PP2 and phosphorylation studies, we found that the observed regulation downstream of PKC-δ is partially mediated by c-Src. Biotinylation studies revealed that carbachol inhibits oxalate transport by reducing SLC26A6 surface expression. We conclude that carbachol negatively regulates oxalate transport by reducing SLC26A6 surface expression in T84 cells through signaling pathways including the M(3) muscarinic receptor, phospholipase C, PKC-δ, and c-Src.
Drugging the Cancers Addicted to DNA Repair (2017)

Defects in DNA repair can result in oncogenic genomic instability. Cancers occurring from DNA repair defects were once thought to be limited to rare inherited mutations (such as BRCA1 or 2). It now appears that a clinically significant fraction of cancers have acquired DNA repair defects. DNA repair pathways operate in related networks, and cancers arising from loss of one DNA repair component typically become addicted to other repair pathways to survive and proliferate. Drug inhibition of the rescue repair pathway prevents the repair-deficient cancer cell from replicating, causing apoptosis (termed synthetic lethality). However, the selective pressure of inhibiting the rescue repair pathway can generate further mutations that confer resistance to the synthetic lethal drugs. Many such drugs currently in clinical use inhibit PARP1, a repair component to which cancers arising from inherited BRCA1 or 2 mutations become addicted. It is now clear that drugs inducing synthetic lethality may also be therapeutic in cancers with acquired DNA repair defects, which would markedly broaden their applicability beyond treatment of cancers with inherited DNA repair defects. Here we review how each DNA repair pathway can be attacked therapeutically and evaluate DNA repair components as potential drug targets to induce synthetic lethality. Clinical use of drugs targeting DNA repair will markedly increase when functional and genetic loss of repair components are consistently identified. In addition, future therapies will exploit artificial synthetic lethality, where complementary DNA repair pathways are targeted simultaneously in cancers without DNA repair defects.
Calculation of retinal image quality for polychromatic light (2008)

Although the retinal image is typically polychromatic, few studies have examined polychromatic image quality in the human eye. We begin with a conceptual framework including the formulation of a psychophysical linking hypothesis that underlies the utility of image quality metrics based on the polychromatic point-spread function. We then outline strategies for computing polychromatic point-spread functions of the eye when monochromatic aberrations are known for only a single wavelength. Implementation problems and solutions for this strategy are described. Polychromatic image quality is largely unaffected by wavelength-dependent diffraction and higher-order chromatic aberration. However, accuracy is found to depend critically upon spectral sampling. Using typical aberrations from the Indiana Aberration Study, we assessed through-focus image quality for model eyes with and without chromatic aberrations using a polychromatic metric called the visual Strehl ratio. In the presence of typical levels of monochromatic aberrations, the effect of longitudinal chromatic aberration is greatly reduced. The effect of typical levels of transverse chromatic aberration is virtually eliminated in the presence of longitudinal chromatic aberration and monochromatic aberrations. Clinical value and limitations of the method are discussed.
T Cell Activation by Coxsackievirus B4 Antigens in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Evidence for Selective TCR Vβ Usage Without Superantigenic Activity (2001)

Numerous clinical and epidemiological studies link enteroviruses such as the Coxsackie virus group with the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). In addition, there are reports that patients with type 1 DM are characterized by skewing of TCR Vbeta chain selection among peripheral blood and intraislet T lymphocytes. To examine these issues, we analyzed TCR Vbeta chain-specific up-regulation of the early T cell activation marker, CD69, on CD4 T cells after incubation with Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) Ags. CD4 T cells bearing the Vbeta chains 2, 7, and 8 were the most frequently activated by CVB4. Up-regulation of CD69 by different TCR families was significantly more frequent in new onset type 1 DM patients (p = 0.04), 100% of whom (n = 8) showed activation of CD4 T cells bearing Vbeta8, compared with 50% of control subjects (n = 8; p = 0.04). T cell proliferation after incubation with CVB4 Ags required live, nonfixed APCs, suggesting that the selective expansion of CD4 T cells with particular Vbeta chains resulted from conventional antigen processing and presentation rather than superantigen activity. Heteroduplex analysis of TCR Vbeta chain usage after CVB4 stimulation indicated a relatively polyclonal, rather than oligo- or monoclonal response to viral Ags. These results provide evidence that new-onset patients with type 1 DM and healthy controls are primed against CVB4, and that CD4 T cell responses to the virus have a selective TCR Vbeta chain usage which is driven by viral Ags rather than a superantigen.
Growth of Ternary WC<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub> Thin Films from a Single‐source Precursor, W(N<sup>t</sup>Bu)<sub>2</sub>(NEt<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Abstract An organoimido complex of tungsten, bis(tertbutylimido)bis(diethylamido)tungsten, W(N t Bu)2(NEt 2 ) 2 , is used as a single source precursor to deposit thin films of cubic phase tungsten carbonitride, WC x N y (x: 0.21–0.38, y: 0.62–0.76), by metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates. In general, the N/W and C/W ratios decreased from 0.76 to 0.62 and 0.38 to 0.21, respectively with increasing the temperature of deposition from 500 to 650 °C. Based on the elemental composition and the composition of the gas phase products, it is proposed that the carbon and nitrogen atoms were incorporated through the activation of the ligands.
Stabilization of Supercooled Liquid and Opening-up of Bulk Glassy Alloys. (1997)

Bulk glassy alloys with thicknesses up to 75mm and a wide supercooled liquid region reaching 127K before crystallization were found to be fabricated in a number of multicomponent systems which satisfy the three empirical rules for the achievement of large glass-forming ability, i.e., (1) multicomponent alloy systems consisting of more than three constituent elements, (2) significantly different atomic size ratios above 12%, and (3) negative heats of mixing. The scientific significance of the rules has been proved based on a number of experimental data as well as on the kinetic theories of the nucleation and growth of a crystalline phase. By choosing appropriate compositions which satisfy the empirical rules, bulk glassy alloys in Mg-, lanthanide metal-, Zr-, Pd-, Fe- and Co-based systems were produced in cylindrical and sheet forms by various solidification processes. The bulk glassy alloys exhibit high tensile strength, good ductility, high elastic energy, high impact fracture energy and high corrosion resistance for Zr-based system and good soft magnetic properties for Fe-based system. Furthermore, their glassy alloys heated in the supercooled liquid region can be deformed into various shapes through viscous flow. The ideal Newtonian flow has been achieved in the supercooled liquid. The utilization of the ideal superplasticity enabled the achievement of an extremely large elongation exceeding 15000%. These excellent data allow us to expect that the bulk glassy alloys develop as a new type of engineering material.
Determination of elastic and mechanical properties (1991)

Determination of Dynamic Moduli and Loss Factors Determination of Yielding, Crazing, and Fracture The Measurement of Friction and Wear Mechanical Characterization of Composite Materials Mechanical Testing of Adhesives Determination of the Bulk Modulus and Compressive Properties of Solids.
Heterologous gene expression in E. coli : methods and protocols (2011)

1. Adjustment of Codon Usage Frequencies by Codon Harmonization Improves Protein Expression and Folding Evelina Angov, Patricia M. Legler, and Ryan M. Mease 2. SUMO Fusion Technology for Enhanced Protein Expression and Purification in Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Yilin Yan, James Strickler, and Tauseef Butt 3. Molecular and Chemical Chaperones for Improving the Yields of Soluble Recombinant Proteins Ario de Marco 4. Genetic Selection of Solubility-Enhanced Proteins Using the Twin-Arginine Translocation System Adam C. Fisher, Mark A. Rocco, and Matthew P. DeLisa 5. Protein Folding Liquid Chromatography Quan Bai and Xindu Geng 6. Site-Specific Protein Labeling by Intein-Mediated Protein Ligation Inca Ghosh, Nancy Considine, Elissa Maunus, Luo Sun, Aihua Zhang, John Buswell, Thomas C. Evans, Jr., and Ming-Qun Xu 7. Efficient Expression of Human Aromatase (CYP19) in E. coli Norio Kagawa 8. Expression of Recombinant Cytochromes c in E. coli Yuri Y. Londer 9. Semi-Synthesis of Glycoproteins from E. coli through Native Chemical Ligation Jonathan P. Richardson and Derek Macmillan 10. Expression of Recombinant Proteins with Uniform N-Termini Orsolya Kiraly, Lan Guan, and Miklos Sahin-Toth 11. Recent Developments in Difficult Protein Expression: A Guide to E. coli Strains, Promoters, and Relevant Host Mutations James C. Samuelson 12. Periplasmic Chaperones Used to Enhance Functional Secretion of Proteins in E. coli Martin Schlapschy and Arne Skerra 13. Engineering Unusual Amino Acids into Peptides Using Lantibiotic Synthetase Jun-ichi Nagao, Kouki Shioya, Yoshitaka Harada, Ken-ichi Okuda, Takeshi Zendo, Jiro Nakayama, and Kenji Sonomoto 14. The Targeted Expression of Nucleotide Sugar Transporters to the E. coli Inner Membrane Joe Tiralongo and Andrea Maggioni 15. Detection of Protein-Protein Interactions in Bacteria by GFP-Fragment Reconstitution Akira Kanno, Takeaki Ozawa, and Yoshio Umezawa 16. Enhancing the Solubility of Recombinant Proteins in Escherichia coli by Using Hexahistidine-Tagged Maltose-Binding Protein as a Fusion Partner Ping Sun, Joseph E. Tropea, and David S. Waugh 17. Introducing Predetermined Mutations throughout a Target Gene Using TDEM (Transposon Directed Base-Exchange Mutagenesis) Yun Cheol Kim 18. Fluorescent Site-Specific Labeling of Escherichia coli Expressed Proteins with Sfp Phosphopantetheinyl Transferase Aihua Zhang, Luo Sun, John Buswell, Nancy Considine, Inca Ghosh, Anastasiya Masharina, Christopher Noren, and Ming-Qun Xu