gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Face Detection in Camera Captured Images of Identity Documents Under Challenging Conditions (2019)

Benefiting from the advance of deep convolutional neural network approaches (CNNs), many face detection algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance in terms of accuracy and very high speed in unconstrained applications. However, due to the lack of public datasets and due to the variation of the orientation of face images, the complex background and lighting, defocus and the varying illumination of camera captured images, face detection on identity documents under unconstrained environments has not been sufficiently studied. To address this problem more efficiently, we survey three state-of-the-art face detection methods based on general images, i.e. Cascade-CNN, MTCNN and PCN, for face detection in camera captured images of identity documents, given different image quality assessments. For that, The MIDV-500 dataset, which is the largest and most challenging dataset for identity documents, is used to evaluate the three methods. The evaluation results show the performance and the limitations of the current methods for face detection on identity documents under the wild complex environments. These results show that the face detection task in camera captured images of identity documents is challenging, providing a space to improve in the future works.
Brief Introduction to Low-E Glass (2008)

This paper briefly introduces the functions and classification of Low-E glass, and makes analysis on and comparison of its comfortability, energy saving property and economy, and looks forward to its application prospects.
Current approaches to the management of new-onset ulcerative colitis (2014)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an idiopathic, inflammatory gastrointestinal disease of the colon. As a chronic condition, UC follows a relapsing and remitting course with medical maintenance during periods of quiescent disease and appropriate escalation of therapy during times of flare. Initial treatment strategies must not only take into account current clinical presentation (with specific regard for extent and severity of disease activity) but must also take into consideration treatment options for the long-term. The following review offers an approach to new-onset UC with a focus on early treatment strategies. An introduction to the disease entity is provided along with an approach to initial diagnosis. Stratification of patients based on clinical parameters, disease extent, and severity of illness is paramount to determining course of therapy. Frequent assessments are required to determine clinical response, and treatment intensification may be warranted if expected improvement goals are not appropriately reached. Mild-to- moderate UC can be managed with aminosalicylates, mesalamine, and topical corticosteroids with oral corticosteroids reserved for unresponsive cases. Moderate-to-severe UC generally requires oral or intravenous corticosteroids in the short-term with consideration of long-term management options such as biologic agents (as initial therapy or in transition from steroids) or thiopurines (as bridging therapy). Patients with severe or fulminant UC who are recalcitrant to medical therapy or who develop disease complications (such as toxic megacolon) should be considered for colectomy. Early surgical referral in severe or refractory UC is crucial, and colectomy may be a life-saving procedure. The authors provide a comprehensive evidence-based approach to current treatment options for new-onset UC with discussion of long-term therapeutic efficacy and safety, patient-centered perspectives including quality of life and medication compliance, and future directions in related inflammatory bowel disease care.
Early detection of falling asleep at the wheel: A Heart Rate Variability approach (2008)

In this study we check the feasibility of a new ECG-based approach to detect driverspsila propensity to fall asleep at the wheel. Ten healthy volunteers, under conditions of increasing sleep deprivation (up to 34 hours), were asked to alternately undergo a Maintenance of Wakefulness Test or a Driving Simulation test every 2 hours while ECG, EEG, EMG, eye movement and video were recorded. Results from 59 falling asleep (FA) events tracked from the first 5 volunteers during MWT provide promising trends: Heart Rate Variability in the VLF range decreases consistently and significantly minutes before FA events. The sympatho-vagal balance is very low compared to baseline wake values for about 5 minutes before the events. The mean HR and overall RR variability decrease during FA events by 2.2 SD and 2.9 SD below regional means. These changes found during MWT suggest that ECG derived parameters in the time and time-frequency domains may provide a useful tool for monitoring driverspsila drowsiness and preventing traffic accidents.
Mutational analysis of two positional candidate susceptibility genes for bipolar disorder on chromosome 12q23-q24 (2003)

Our studies allowed us to conclude that none of these variants act as a highly penetrant autosomal dominant susceptibility locus for mood disorder in our families.
Spending More Time on Cash Flow (2009)

Getting the tools right for effective cash-flow management can ease pressure on business during an economic downturn, writes David Young.
Financial Development and Real Price Level Differences (1999)

Real price levels are systematically lower in developing countries than in developed countries. This paper provides time series evidence about the effect of financial development on real price level differences for 40 developing countries. Based on cointegration tests, a long‐run equilibrium relationship is found between financial development and real price level differences in 21 countries. In seven countries, financial development “Granger‐causes” real price level differentials, while for 19 countries the causality runs in the opposite direction. Country‐specific institutional or political‐economy differences, typically ignored in cross‐section analysis, likely play an important role in real price level differences.
Role of GIS technology during leprosy elimination efforts in Pohnpei. (2010)

This article summarizes Pohnpei State Department of Health Services' utilization of GIS technology and GPS mapping of leprosy cases during the leprosy elimination efforts. Maps generated from ArcMap provided 'hotspots' or areas of high case density, thus providing for more focused screening. Introducing GIS technology in the elimination efforts has led to a diminution of the target number of screened clients per year, thus minimizing resource utilization. GPS technology as a health planning tool in small Pacific island countries can synergize local screening efforts and improve overall public health planning and implementation, in a way that is cost-effective and resource friendly.
Gestational diabetes: Maternal weight gain in relation to fetal growth, treatment modality, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control (2011)

We sought to determine the impact of maternal weight gain on fetal growth in gestational diabetes (GDM) in relation to treatment modality, body mass index (BMI) and glycemic control. 2454 GDMs were evaluated. Obesity was defined as BMI >29; good glycemic control ≤ 100 mg/dl; maternal age 30 years; parity ±1; large for gestational age (LGA) >90th percentile and small for gestational age (SGA) <10th percentile. SGA rates were similar in all groups. Obese/overweight diet-treated in glycemic control showed a 4-fold higher rate of LGA compared to insulin treated women. A 36 lb. weight gain in insulin treated patients had a 6-fold higher risk. In poor glycemic control, LGA rates were higher in all BMI/weight gain categories. Logistic regressions for LGA/SGA revealed that level of glycemia, weight gain, parity, obesity and treatment (for LGA only) were significant. Different thresholds used for different maternal BMI categories in addition to the achievement of glycemic control and pharmacological therapy will enhance pregnancy outcome.

	 

	Key words: Weight gain in gestational diabetes, pre-pregnancy BMI, glycemic control, treatment modality.
α-Spinasterol Isolated from the Root of<i>Phytolacca americana</i>and its Pharmacological Property on Diabetic Nephropathy (2004)

Based on an inhibitory activity-guided fractionation for the high glucose-induced proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs), chloroform extracts of the roots of Phytolacca americana were found to contain alpha-spinasterol (C (29)H (48)O), a delta (7)-sterol. This phytosterol proved to be a potent inhibitor (IC (50) = 3.9 x 10 (-12) g/mL, 9.5 pmol/L) of glomerular mesangial cell proliferation caused by high-ambient glucose (5.6 mM vs. 25 mM), and its inhibitory potency was about 1,000 times higher than that of simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor used as a positive control. alpha-Spinasterol also significantly reduced the increases of serum triglycerides, renal weight and urinary protein excretion in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, and these were comparable to the results observed in insulin-treated diabetic mice. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that alpha-spinasterol has a significant therapeutic potential to modulate the development and/or progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Growth response of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris) to phosphorus and mycorrhizal inoculation. (2007)

Summary Arbuscular-mycorrhizal symbiosis confers numerous benefi ts to host plants including improved tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. Although the majority of grasses form an arbuscular-mycorrhizal symbiosis, little is known of the mycorrhization of Buff el grass (Cenchrus ciliaris). A pot study was conducted in sterilized soil to determine the eff ect of mycorrhizal inoculation and phosphorus amendment on the biomass production in C. ciliaris. Mycorrhizal fungi used were Gigaspora rosea, Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum. Inoculation with Gigaspora rosea alone, and combined incoculation with Glomus intraradices + Gigaspora rosea and Glomus intraradices + Glomus etunicatum signifi cantly (P<0.05) increased dry biomass in unamended and 25 kg P2O5 ha -1 treatments. Combined inoculation with Glomus intraradices + Gigaspora rosea and Glomus intraradices + Glomus etunicatum showed pronounced (P<0.05) eff ect on dry biomass compared to inoculation with Gigaspora rosea alone in unamended and 25 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 treatments. Combined inoculation with Glomus intraradices + Glomus etunicatum resulted in signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher dry biomass campared to the combined inoculation with Glomus intraradices + Gigaspora rosea and inoculation with Gigaspora rosea alone in unamended and 25 kg P 2 O 5 ha-1 treatments. Th e results clearly show that inoculation of C. ciliaris plants with mycorrhizal fungi Gigaspora rosea, Glomus intraradices and Glomus etunicatum is highly benefi cial for the growth and biomass production in the absence or presence of P2O5 under sterile soil conditions. Inoculation of C. ciliaris plants with these mycorrizal fungi may help in forage production in marginal and shallow soils of the rangelands of Pakistan.
Strategies for chemical modification of graphene and applications of chemically modified graphene (2012)

Graphene's unique thermal, electric and mechanical properties originate from its structure, including being single-atom thick, two-dimensional and extensively conjugated. These structural elements endow graphene with advantageous thermal, electric and mechanical properties. However, the application of graphene is challenged by issues of production, storage and processing. Therefore, the stabilization and modification of graphene have attracted extensive interest. In this review we summarize the strategies for chemical modification of graphene, the influence of modification and the applications in various areas. Generally speaking, chemical modification can be achieved via either covalent or non-covalent interactions. Covalent modifications often destroy some of the graphene conjugation system, resulting in compromising some of its properties. Therefore, in this review we focus mainly on the non-covalent modification methodologies, e.g. π–π stacking interactions and van der Waals force, because the non-covalent modifications are believed to preserve the natural structure and properties. We also discuss the challenges associated with the production, processing and performance enhancement. Future perspectives for production of graphene in large size with fewer defects and under milder conditions are discussed along with the manipulation of graphene's electric, mechanical and other properties.
Determination of Momentum Transfer and Inelastic Collision Cross Sections for Electrons in Nitrogen Using Transport Coefficients (1964)

Momentum transfer and inelastic collision cross sections for electrons in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ have been obtained from electron transport coefficients for values of the electron energy between about 0.003 and 30 eV. The recently proposed polarization correction to the rotational excitation cross sections of Gerjuoy and Stein leads to less satisfactory agreement between theory and experiment than do the unmodified cross sections. The cross sections for vibrational excitation are consistent with those of Schulz provided the total cross section is normalized to 5.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}16}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ at 2.2 eV. Furthermore, a tail extending down to the threshold of 0.29 eV is postulated for the $v=1$ vibrational level. Electronic excitation is approximated by a set of six effective cross sections which, for the most part, are consistent with previous results. The ionization cross section of Tate and Smith was used. The mean energy of electrons in ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ subjected to high-frequency ac electric fields is found to be a single-valued function of the electric field $E$ divided by the ac radian frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}$, although there are regions of $\frac{E}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$ where the mean energy increases extremely rapidly with $\frac{E}{\ensuremath{\omega}}$.
Biodiesel production using blue-green cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 (2015)

<p>Due to concerns about global climate change and diminishing supplies of petroleum, there is a need to develop a clean sustainable alternative. The two main alternative fuels are bioethanol and biodiesel. Production of these biofuels using cyanobacteria is a new promising development. I describe the initial rational engineering of S. elongatus PCC 7942 for the production of biodiesel precursors. Three strains were constructed Se:T, Se:∆A and Se:∆A+T. These were subsequently characterized with regard to their intracellular and extracellular fatty acid (FA) profile, intracellular hydrocarbon profile and effect on growth. This provided a comprehensive picture of early effects caused by the introduced mutations. I describe further rational optimization of free FA production by overexpressing the native acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) from S. elongatus PCC 7942. Introduction of the ACCase in wild type S. elongatus PCC 7942 alone did not cause an increase in intracellular FAs. However, in strain Se:∆A+T, there was a significant increase in the amount of extracellular FAs. I describe the initial inverse metabolic engineering of S. elongatus PCC 7942 for the production of biodiesel precursors. Our results suggest that the GTP-binding protein Era is a promising target to further rational engineering to improve the production of biofuel precursors.</p>
Mapping strategies for gestural and adaptive control of digital audio effects (2006)

Abstract This paper discusses explicit mapping strategies for gestural and adaptive control of digital audio effects. We address the problem of defining what is the control and what is the effect. We then propose a mapping strategy derived from mapping techniques used in sound synthesis. The explicit mapping strategy we developed has two levels and two layers for each level: the first level is the adaptive control with a feature combination layer and a control signal conditioning layer; the second level is the gestural control layer. We give musical examples that illustrate the interest of this strategy.
Recurrent TET2 mutations in peripheral T-cell lymphomas correlate with TFH-like features and adverse clinical parameters (2012)

Inactivating mutations of the Ten-Eleven Translocation 2 (TET2) gene were first identified in myeloid malignancies and more recently in peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs). In the present study, we investigated the presence of TET2 coding sequence mutations and their clinical relevance in a large cohort of 190 PTCL patients. TET2 mutations were identified in 40 of 86 (47%) cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) and in 22 of 58 (38%) cases of peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), but were absent in all other PTCL entities, with the exception of 2 of 10 cases of enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma. Among PTCL-NOS, a heterogeneous group of lymphoma-comprising cases likely to derive from Th follicular (T(FH)) cells similarly to AITL, TET2 mutations were more frequent when PTCL-NOS expressed T(FH) markers and/or had features reminiscent of AITL (58% vs 24%, P = .01). In the AITL and PTCL-NOS subgroups, TET2 mutations were associated with advanced-stage disease, thrombocytopenia, high International Prognostic Index scores, and a shorter progression-free survival.
Development economics - development policies (2004)

This is a brief summary of the development theories and policies of the last 5 decades. The neoclassic economic approach, dependency paradigm and the contemporary "post-modern" concepts and strategies are analyzed and commented with reference being made to the respective problems and fallacies. Development, so the conclusion, is a self-regulating process in complex open and dynamic socioeconomic systems that are not susceptible to planning but which are progressively improving their ability to manage their increasing complexity and the mechanisms to adjust to changing circumstances.
TRICHOSPORONOIDES OEDOCEPHALIS N. GEN., N. SP: I. MORPHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND TAXONOMIC POSITION (1967)

The name Trichosporonoides oedocephalis n. gen., n. sp. is given to a fungus which forms true mycelium, pseudomycelium, arthrospores, and budding cells as does Trichosporon Behrend, but which also produces conidiospores on the swollen tips of aseptate sporophores which may or may not be aerial. The organism is described and illustrated.
Purification and Some Properties of Rat Spleen Phospholipase A21 (1983)

Intracellular phospholipase A2 was purified to homogeneity from rat spleen. The enzyme was efficiently concentrated by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and purified by sequential use of column chromatographies on DEAE-Sepharose, octyl-Sepharose and Bio-Gel P-30. The positional specificity of the enzyme for an acylester bond at the sn-2-position of phospholipids was established. The purified enzyme has a pH optimum ranging from 8.0 to 10.5 and the molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 14,700-14,800 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and by gel filtration with a TSK-GEL G 2000 SW column. The purified enzyme requires Ca2+ for activity. The activity was not enhanced by the presence of purified calmodulin.
Dominant influence of an HLA-B27 restricted CD8+ T cell response in mediating HCV clearance and evolution (2006)

Virus-specific CD8+ T cell responses play an important role in the natural course of infection; however, the impact of certain CD8+ T cell responses in determining clinical outcome has not been fully defined. A well-defined cohort of women inoculated with HCV from a single source showed that HLA-B27 has a strong association with spontaneous clearance. The immunological basis for this association is unknown. However, the finding is especially significant because HLA-B27 has also been shown to have a protective role in HIV infection. We report the identification of an HLA-B27 restricted hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8+ T cell epitope that is recognized in the majority of recovered HLA-B27 positive women. In chronically HCV-infected individuals, analysis of the corresponding viral sequence showed a strong association between sequence variations within this epitope and expression of HLA-B27, indicating allele-specific selection pressure at the population level. Functional analysis in 3 chronically HCV-infected patients showed that the emerging variant viral epitopes represent escape mutations. In conclusion, our results suggest a dominant role of HLA-B27 in mediating spontaneous viral clearance as well as viral evolution in HCV infection and mechanistically link both associations to a dominant novel CD8+ T cell epitope. These results support the central role of virus-specific CD8+ T cells and the genetically determined restriction of the virus-specific T cell repertoire in HCV infection.
Interference modelling for the simulation of IEEE 802.11 infrared local area networks (2002)

This paper proposes a model for the IEEE 802.11 infrared physical layer that includes the effect of multiuser interference through a detailed consideration of the modulation and detection techniques. The model was designed to be integrated into a discrete-event simulator of medium access protocols and allows the calculation of the frame error rate without any constraints on the length of the captured and interfering packets and on the joint distribution of the interference. With the purpose of studying the impact of the interference in the IEEE 802.11 medium access protocol, the model was integrated into the discrete-event simulator RFMACSIM, which was initially developed to study the performance of the IEEE 802.11 medium access mechanisms with a radio physical layer. Several simulation studies on the efficiency of the immediate priority acknowledgement and reservation mechanisms embedded in the IEEE 802.11 protocol are presented.
Design of aperture-coupled patch antenna arrays with multiple dielectric layers (1993)

Using inexpensive foam materials in the design of aperture-coupled patch antennas, large bandwidth and excellent cross polarisation properties can be achieved. This paper shows the mathematical treatment of such antennas using a spectral domain approach and the exact Green's functions for multiple dielectric layers. The performance of a 16 × 16 element array for 12.625 GHz will be demonstrated.
Explanations in Dialogue Systems through Uncertain RDF Knowledge Bases (2010)

Abstract. We implemented a generic dialogue shell that can be configured for and applied to domain-specific dialogue applications. The dialogue system works robustly for a new domain when the application backend can automatically infer previously unknown knowledge (facts) and provide explanations for the inference steps involved. For this purpose, we employ URDF, a query engine for uncertain and potentially inconsistent RDF knowledge bases. URDF supports rule-based, first-order predicate logic as used in OWL-Lite and OWL-DL, with simple and effective top-down reasoning capabilities. This mechanism also generates explanation graphs. These graphs can then be displayed in the GUI of the dialogue shell and help the user understand the underlying reasoning processes. We believe that proper explanations are a main factor for increasing the level of user trust in end-to-end human-computer interaction systems. 1