gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Etching of Molding Compound by an Ar/O<sub>2</sub>/CF<sub>4</sub>Plasma and Process Improvements for Semiconductor Package Decapsulation (2012)

Decapsulation of a SOT23 semiconductor package with 23 um copper wire bonds is conducted with an especially designed microwave induced plasma system. It is found that a 30%-60% CF 4 addition in the O 2 /CF 4 etchant gas results in high molding compound etching rate. Si 3 N 4 overetching which is encountered in plasma decapsulation is solved by an improved etching process. Critical processing parameters are investigated and 350 um thick molding compound on top of the die is removed selectively by pure plasma etching for 6 minutes, which is at least 10 times faster than conventional plasma etchers.
Gravel pack and formation sandstone dissolution during steam injection (1979)

Large volumes of very hot water are injected into oil wells during cyclic steam stimulation and steam flood operations. During laboratory flow studies show gravel pack sands and formation sandstones are rapidly dissolved in simulated steam generator effluents at 260 C (500 F) and with pH of about 11. Up to 3.6 kg of quartz sand was dissolved per cubic meter of injected liquid (1.3 lb/bbl) when water at pH 11.3 and 260 C (500 F) was passed through a 7.6-cm (3.0-in.) pack at nominal field flow rates. Berea and Boise sandstone cores also showed rapid dissolution rates suggesting that in a steam flood project, a large amount of rock may be dissolved in the region very near the injection well. Downstream reprecipitation or reaction products damaged sandstone permeability in some cases. Dissolution rates are affected markedly by solution pH and temperature. Photographs and scanning electron micrographs show changes in rock morphology caused by silica dissolution.
CHARM2: towards an industry-standard wafer surface-charge monitor (2003)

The rationale and the content of the CHARM2 test chip, and an experimental program using it to develop an industry-standard wafer surface charging monitor, are discussed. The EEPROM-based monitors are based on the observation that most of the charging damage to IC structures associated with ion- and plasma-based processes is due to the transport and trapping of charges in the oxides of IC device structures. Therefore, to effectively monitor a broad spectrum of charge damage effects, it is sufficient to monitor the magnitudes of the driving forces behind the generation and transport of charges through oxides, namely, the potentials developed across oxides and the magnitudes of process UV emissions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A programmable parallel accelerator for learning and classification (2010)

For learning and classification workloads that operate on large amounts of unstructured data with stringent performance constraints, general purpose processor performance scales poorly with data size. In this paper, we present a programmable accelerator for this workload domain. To architect the accelerator, we profile five representative workloads, and find that their computationally intensive portions can be formulated as matrix or vector operations generating large amounts of intermediate data, which are then reduced by a secondary operation such as array ranking, finding max/min and aggregation. The proposed accelerator, called MAPLE, has hundreds of simple processing elements (PEs) laid out in a two-dimensional grid, with two key features. First, it uses in-memory processing where on-chip memory blocks perform the secondary reduction operations. By doing so, the intermediate data are dynamically processed and never stored or sent off-chip. Second, MAPLE uses banked off-chip memory, and organizes its PEs into independent groups each with its own off-chip memory bank. These two features together allow MAPLE to scale its performance with data size. This paper describes the MAPLE architecture, explores its design space with a simulator, and illustrates how to automatically map application kernels to the hardware. We also implement a 512-PE FPGA prototype of MAPLE and find that it is 1.5-10x faster than a 2.5 GHz quad-core Xeon processor despite running at a modest 125 MHz.
Motion control of a robot arm using joint torque sensors (1990)

A motion control algorithm is presented for a robot arm having joint torque sensors that calculates part of the control input using the measurement of the torques at the joints. First, a dynamic model of each joint with a torque sensor is derived, which gives the inverse dynamics of the arm as recursive Newton-Euler equations consisting only of forward path computation. Then, using this model, a control law is designed by means of the computed torque method. The resultant control law is robust against parameter variations caused by loading and unloading operations and uncertainties in mass properties of links because the measured torques include information on them. The control law is experimentally applied to a second joint of a direct-drive arm with two degrees of freedom, and the experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Remote fiber-optic chemical sensing using evanescent-wave interactions in chalcogenide glass fibers (1991)

An infrared-transmitting chalcogenide fiber was used as an optical probe to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively various chemical substances in aqueous solutions. An unclad fiber with 380-microm diameter was combined with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer to monitor the concentration of the analytes in solutions by measuring the changes in the absorbance of their fundamental vibration peaks. A linear relationship was observed between the absorption by the vanescent field and concentrations of various analytes. For this study low concentrations of acetone, ethyl alcohol, and sulfuric acid were detected in aqueous solutions. The minimum detection limit for these three chemical substances was 5, 3, and 2 vol. %, respectively, with a sensor length of 15 cm. It was also demonstrated that the same sensor design is capable of monitoring gaseous species such as dichlorodifluoromethane.
Micro-mirror formed using excimer laser processing in a polymer waveguide (2005)

A micro-mirror formed using excimer laser processing for a fluorinated polyimide waveguide film was demonstrated. The tilted excimer laser irradiation to the waveguide core formed a micro-mirror with an angle of 45 +/- 1-degree. The micro-mirror had convex profile and exhibited a lens effect as a concave mirror. The micro-mirror, as formed, exhibited a low reflection loss of approximately 0.6dB at a wavelength of 850nm. This technique applied to flexible optical and electrical circuit board.
Characterization of impact initiation of reactions in aluminum-based, intermetallic-forming reactive materials (2011)

The objective of this work is to evaluate the reaction initiation characteristics of quasi-statically compressed intermetallic-forming aluminum-based reactive materials upon impact initiation, consisting of equi-volumetric tantalum-aluminum, tungsten-aluminum, nickel-aluminum, and pure aluminum. A modified Taylor rod-on-anvil setup was employed to determine the reaction initiation threshold kinetic energy and actual energy for plastic deformation and subsequent reaction. Experimental sample remnants were recovered and examined through X-ray diffraction to determine reaction products.The overall results indicate that of the various intermetallic-forming systems investigated, Ta+Al was the most reactive and was the only system where any reaction products were retrieved. While all of the intermetallic systems reacted in air, only Ta+Al and W+Al reacted in vacuum environment suggesting differences in reaction mechanisms influencing the reactivity of intermetallic mixtures. Based on the threshold energy for onset of reaction it appears that the Ta-Al compacts show reaction conditions below those required for reaction of Al in air. This combined with the fact that Ta+Al compacts also react in vacuum implies that the Ta+Al undergoes anaerobic intermetallic reaction while the other systems react with the oxidation of Al. The effect of compact packing density on the kinetic energy threshold for reaction initiation were also evaluated. It was observed more densely packed Ta+Al and Ni+Al powder compacts react more easily than less densely packed samples. While the effect of packing density is not as obvious in the case of pure Al and W+Al powder compacts. Finally, a particle size effect is seen on Ni+Al on samples of < 92% density where coarser (+325 -200 mesh) equal-volumetric powder mixtures were observed to be more reactive than finer Ni+Al (-325 mesh).
Cognitive enhancing actions of PD123177 detected in a mouse habituation paradigm (1991)

The anxiolytic-like and cognitive enhancing potential of PD123177, a non-peptide with selectivity for the angiotensin II-2 receptor recognition site, was assessed in a mouse light/dark aversion test and habituation test, respectively. PD123177 (0.01 ng kg-1 to 1.0 mg kg-1 i.p.) failed to alter the behavioural repertoire of animals in the light/dark aversion test. In contrast, daily administration of PD123177 (10.0 ng kg-1 i.p. b.d.) enhanced the performance of mice in a habituation test. In addition, PD123177 overcame the cognitive impairment induced by the administration of scopolamine (0.25 mg kg-1 i.p.). Such findings indicate for the first time a functional role for the angiotension II-2 receptor and further implicate the angiotensin system in the modulation of cognitive processes.
Tumor detection with 131I-labeled human monoclonal antibody COU-1 in patients with suspected colorectal carcinoma. (1993)

A major factor limiting the use of rodent monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis and therapy of cancer is the development of human anti-mouse immunoglobulin antibodies. Here we report a phase I/II immunodetection study of a human monoclonal antibody, COU-1, labeled with 131I. COU-1 is produced by a human-human hybridoma and recognizes a M(r) 43,000 cytokeratin-like protein strongly expressed by adenocarcinomas of the colon, breast, and ovary. Ten patients were given an i.v. infusion of 2 mg of antibody COU-1 labeled with 185 MBq of 131I. No adverse effects or toxicity were detected by conventional clinical tests nor by a complement activation assay for C3d. None of the patients developed antibodies against antibody COU-1 as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and agglutination analysis. Tumor detection was successful in 7 of 9 cancer patients. The tenth patient proved to be a true negative. In several instances immunoscintigraphy gave additional or more correct information than conventional detection techniques. Tumors were most clearly outlined at days 5 and 7 after infusion. Primary colorectal carcinomas were detected by planar imaging in the cecum, ascending colon, and rectum with the smallest lesion measuring 3.0 cm in diameter. Immunoscintigraphy revealed multiple liver metastases in 1 of 3 patients. However, the livers of all 3 patients contained significantly more radioactivity (P < 0.005) than tumor-free livers of the other patients. Pharmacokinetics was evaluated in all patients. The clearance of 131I-labeled COU-1 from the circulation followed a triphasic pattern; an initial phase [t1/2 = 0.4 +/- 0.4 (SD) h] cleared 23% of the radioactivity followed by a rapid phase with a half-life of 13 +/- 3.8 h. The third phase (beta-phase) exhibited a half-life of 119 +/- 36 h, which is similar to the half-life reported for normal IgM. The human monoclonal antibody COU-1 directed against a predominantly intracellular cancer-associated antigen does not produce toxicity or induce antibody formation and seems to be a promising agent for detecting tumors with immunoscintigraphy.
S-DSM for Heterogeneous Machine Architectures (2000)

Many---indeed most---distributed applications employ some notion of distributed shared state: information required at more than one location. For applications that span the Internet, this state is almost always maintained by means of hand-written, application-specific messagepassing protocols. These protocols constitute a significant burden on the programmer. Rochester&apos;s InterWeave project seeks to eliminate this burden by automating the management of shared state for processes on heterogeneous, distributed machines. Heterogeneity implies the need for strong typing and for automatic conversion to and from a common wire format when transmitting data and updates between machines. In addition to issues of byte order, alignment, and numeric formats, transparent sharing implies the need for pointers that refer to arbitrary shared locations, and that operate with the speed of ordinary machine addresses when the target is locally cached. To satisfy these constraints, InterWeave employs a typ...
Current Prospects of Molecular Therapeutics in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2019)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has an estimated annual global death rate of approximately 300,000. Despite advances in surgical techniques, the advent of efficient radiation delivery methods, and the introduction of newer chemotherapeutic agents, the survival rate for HNSCC has alarmingly remained unchanged for the past 50 years. However, there have been some promising developments in this field recently. Tumor protein 53 (TP53)-based gene therapeutics such as Gendicine<sup>®</sup> and Advexin<sup>®</sup>, and oncolytic viral therapeutics such as ONYX-015 and H101 have shown encouraging results and are gaining momentum. Cetuximab, the first US Food and Drug Administration-approved targeted therapeutic in HNSCC, although had a promising run initially, failed to garner enough attention subsequently due to its poor results in locally advanced HNSCC. Currently, its major utility is in palliation of recurrent and/or metastatic HNSCC as a part of the EXTREME regimen alongside cisplatin/carboplatin and fluorouracil. Of late, immunotherapeutics are evolving rapidly in HNSCC by demonstrating satisfactory effectiveness and acceptable tolerance both in locally advanced and recurrent tumors, and both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents. Recent accelerated approval of two immune checkpoint receptor blockers, pembrolizumab and nivolumab, has rejuvenated enthusiasm among clinicians and researchers by opening up a new domain for targeted and co-targeted therapeutics. The interim results of many ongoing trials and the latest updates of previous landmark trials such as KEYNOTE and CheckMate show promising trends in this regard. Immunotherapeutic agents belonging to different classes, such as durvalumab, epacadostat, motolimod, and T4 immunotherapy, are all being investigated presently in various therapeutic roles. Human papilloma virus (HPV)-based vaccines are now understood to have both a preventive and therapeutic role in HNSCC. Phase I/II trials are underway evaluating the safety profile, tolerable limits, and therapeutic efficacy of several therapeutic vaccines against HPV-driven HNSCC. Similarly, co-targeting therapeutics and precision medicine concepts are exploring newer and effective options including individuating the therapy based on particular tumor's molecular makeup and so on, the results of which are expected to change the landscape of HNSCC.
Plasmon Resonant Enhancement of Carbon Monoxide Catalysis (2010)

Irradiating gold nanoparticles at their plasmon resonance frequency creates immense plasmonic charge and high temperatures, which can be used to drive catalytic reactions. By integrating strongly plasmonic nanoparticles with strongly catalytic metal oxides, significant enhancements in the catalytic activity can be achieved. Here, we study the plasmonically driven catalytic conversion of CO to CO(2) by irradiating Au nanoparticle/Fe(2)O(3) composites. The reaction rate of this composite greatly exceeds that of the Au nanoparticles or Fe(2)O(3) alone, indicating that this reaction is not driven solely by the thermal (plasmonic) heating of the gold nanoparticles but relies intimately on the interaction of these two materials. A comparison of the plasmonically driven catalytic reaction rate with that obtained under uniform heating shows an enhancement of at least 2 orders of magnitude.
Efficient Sparse-Winograd Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are computationally intensive, which limits their application on mobile devices. Their energy is dominated by the number of multiplies needed to perform the convolutions. Winograd's minimal filtering algorithm (Lavin, 2015) and network pruning (Han et al., 2015) can reduce the operation count, but these two methods cannot be directly combined $-$ applying the Winograd transform fills in the sparsity in both the weights and the activations. We propose two modifications to Winograd-based CNNs to enable these methods to exploit sparsity. First, we move the ReLU operation into the Winograd domain to increase the sparsity of the transformed activations. Second, we prune the weights in the Winograd domain to exploit static weight sparsity. For models on CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and ImageNet datasets, our method reduces the number of multiplications by $10.4\times$, $6.8\times$ and $10.8\times$ respectively with loss of accuracy less than $0.1\%$, outperforming previous baselines by $2.0\times$-$3.0\times$. We also show that moving ReLU to the Winograd domain allows more aggressive pruning.
Computation of identity-by-descent proportions shared by two siblings. (1994)

I provide a novel approach to computing the mean and variance of the proportion of genetic material shared identical by descent (IBD) by sibling pairs in a specified chromosomal region, conditional on observed marker data. I first show that each chromosome in an offspring can be represented by a two-state Markov chain, with the time parameter being the map distance along the chromosome. On this basis, I show that IBD proportion can be written as a stochastic integral and that the computation of its mean and variance can be reduced to evaluation of an integral of some elementary functions. In addition, I show how Goldgar's model can be extended to include dominance effects. Several examples are provided to illustrate the calculation.
Femtosecond operation and self-doubling of Cr:ZnS laser (2011)

Prismless dispersion-controlled Cr:ZnS laser generates first femtosecond (110 fs) pulses at 180 MHz repetition rate around 2400 nm with average power 200 mW. Co-propagating second-harmonic pulse at 1200 nm is simultaneously generated in ceramic sample.
A Mm-wave ultra-long-range energy-autonomous printed RFID-enabled van-atta wireless sensor: At the crossroads of 5G and IoT (2017)

In this paper the authors report the first 5G-compatible implementation of a long-range, energy-autonomous, mm-wave RFID sensor for IoT applications. The system topology is first described, before the design and performance characterization of its constituting components, including an inkjet-printed carbon-nanotube(CNT)-based ammonia sensor, are presented. Then, the entire printed mm-wave backscatter-modulation device is tested, demonstrating a monostatic cross-polarized radar cross-section of -29 dBsm, with only a 10 dB variation within the -50° to 50° interrogation angular range. The wireless ammonia sensing capabilities of the system are then demonstrated, before its detection at an ultra-long-range of 80 m is reported.
Nickel‐Based Alloys as Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Evolution from Alkaline Solutions (1978)

The oxygen evolution reaction on the alloys of Ni with Ir, Ru, or W and on Ni‐Ti intermetallic compounds was studied in at 80°C using steady‐state potentiostatic and slow potentiodynamic (at 0.1 mV/sec) methods. Since this reaction always takes place on film‐covered surfaces, the nature of oxide films formed on these alloys was investigated using cyclic voltammetry. The peaks for the formation and reduction of oxygen‐containing layers appearing on the pure metals are not always found on these alloys. Oxygen overpotentials at an apparent current density of 20 mA/cm2, on the alloys of 50Ni‐50Ir and 75Ni‐25Ru (in atomic percent, a/o) and the intermetallic compound were less than on Ni by about 40, 30, and 20 mV, respectively. On long‐term polarization at potentials in the oxygen evolution region, the oxygen‐containing films on Ni‐Ir and Ni‐Ru alloys are predominantly composed of nickel oxide and independent of the bulk composition of the alloys themselves. This accounts for the absence of any direct dependence of electrocatalytic activities for oxygen evolution on their electronic properties. The effects of relative activities of the individual components in the alloys are however detectable on the oxide formation reactions on the surfaces of freshly prepared electrodes.
Personality and team performance: a meta‐analysis (2006)

Using a meta‐analytical procedure, the relationship between team composition in terms of the Big‐Five personality traits (trait elevation and variability) and team performance were researched. The number of teams upon which analyses were performed ranged from 106 to 527. For the total sample, significant effects were found for elevation in agreeableness (ρ = 0.24) and conscientiousness (ρ = 0.20), and for variability in agreeableness (ρ = −0.12) and conscientiousness (ρ = −0.24). Moderation by type of team was tested for professional teams versus student teams. Moderation results for agreeableness and conscientiousness were in line with the total sample results. However, student and professional teams differed in effects for emotional stability and openness to experience. Based on these results, suggestions for future team composition research are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analog design optimization: A case study (2002)

An analog design optimization procedure is based on simulated annealing is proposed. The new method takes into account the cost function gradient, performing like simulated annealing at high temperatures and like a steepest descendent method near the frozen condition. The proposed method avoids the excessively time-consuming final iterations characteristic of the conventional simulated annealing algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Organic Synthesis with Microstructured Reactors (2005)

Abstract This article describes the opportunities microstructured reactors offer for chemical plant engineering. This suitability for chemical production is commonly regarded to be the key to market penetration. Century‐long practices with batch‐type stirring and, correspondingly, the existence of capital‐intensive large‐scale plants, hinder an easy and fast implementation of chemical micro process engineering. Seen in the long term, there is potential that new plants can be equipped with microstructured reactors. Only economic balances, however, which draw up profitability, will open the door to the usage of chemical micro process engineering for plant construction. The main arguments for using microstructured reactors are enhanced conversion and selectivity, increased space‐time yields, waste reduction and better safety given the small reactor volumes. Credit‐card sized reaction systems allow one to perform the screening of multi‐step reactions in one run. Even more impressively, similar screening is carried out for single‐step reactions faster and more reliably. Moreover, safe processing with microstructured reactors in the explosive regime enlarges the traditional range of processing. The reaction guidance by microstructured reactors can further influence subsequent processing steps, such as product purification, and in this way can lower the energy costs of processes.
Electrospun hollow cage-like α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microspheres: synthesis, formation mechanism, and morphology-preserved conversion to Fe nanostructures (2014)

Novel 3D hollow cage-like α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Fe microspheres were fabricated by electrospinning followed by an annealing process for the first time.