gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
B Cell Immunosenescence in the Elderly and in Centenarians (2008)

The elderly suffer from an increased susceptibility to infectious disease and cancer. Aging of the immune system contributes to this state of affairs due to immunosenescence. Because repeated intermittent or chronic antigen exposure may lead to lymphocyte clonal exhaustion, chronic antigenic stress plays a part in the compromised immunity of the elderly, who have accumulated a lifetime's exposure to infectious agents, autoantigens, and cancer antigens. Literature on immunosenescence has focused mainly on T cell impairment, but B cell compartment is also affected. The age-dependent B cell changes documented by the present review indicate that advanced age per se is a condition characterized by lack of B clonotypic immune response to new extracellular pathogens. In any event, data are suggesting that the loss of naive B cells could represent a hallmark of immunosenescence and could provide a biomarker possibly related to the life span of humans and potentially useful for the evaluation of anti-aging treatment. Since information on the senescence of B cells is of obvious interest, further studies are necessary to confirm these suggestions as well as to extend the number of markers used to characterize the cells.
Synthesis of brominated acenaphthylenes and their flame‐retardant effects on ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (1982)

Abstract Bromoacenaphthylenes and their condensates as flame‐retardant reagents were synthesized by bromination of acenaphthylene using ZnCl 2 CF 3 COOH or FeCl 3 as catalysts and subsequent dehydrobromination. The chief components were identified as bromoacenaphthylene monomers when ZnCl 2 CF 3 COOH were used, and as their condensates (mostly trimers) in the case of FeCl 3 . Their performance as flame‐retardant reagents for ethylene–propylene–diene terpolymer (EPDM) was evaluated by measuring the oxygen index of finished compounds, and flammability by a vertical flammability test based on UL‐94‐VO. Both the monomers and the condensates demonstrated high flame‐retardant effectiveness. The high efficiency was attributed to their excellent dispersity in the base polymer and their characteristic thermal decomposition behavior. In TGA, they decomposed in a very wide range of temprature (ca.200–560°C), which covers the decomposition range of EPDM. This was attributed to the existence of bromines of different thermal stabilities in one molecule.
Adhesiveness of Bacillus subtilis Strains to Epithelial Cells Cultured in vitro (1995)

AbstractThe use of pharmaceutical preparations containing spores of Bacillus subtilis or other bacterial species in the treatment and prophylaxis of intestinal disorders associated with antibiotic therapy or diarrhoea of various origin is widespread and has been supported by encouraging results. However, the mechanism by which such an action is manifested in vivo is still not well defined. We carried out a study using B. subtilis spores present in a commercial preparation and treated in vitro, to mimic physiological conditions following oral consumption. Tests were carried out to evaluate the capacity of microorganisms to colonise the surface of eukaryotic (Caco-2 and HEp-2) cells. The bacteria were assayed both in the spored phase, and following stimulation of germination by exposure to low pH values (as in the case of gastric juice) or again with exposure to high temperatures. B. subtilis adhered to the surface of the eukaryotic cells, the degree of adhesion varying in relation to the different physiological phases of the bacterial cell.Key Words: Bacillus subtilisadhesive properties
Correlation of rheumatoid arthritis severity with the genetic functional variants and circulating levels of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (2005)

The MIF polymorphisms are not associated with RA susceptibility but are associated with high levels of radiologic joint damage. High circulating MIF levels were shown to correlate strongly with radiologic joint damage, suggesting that MIF expression is genetically determined and can be used as a novel prognostic tool in RA.
Five-beam holographic fabrication of 3D photonic crystal templates using a single diffractive optical element (2010)

In this paper we demonstrate an approach for laser holographic manufacturing of three-dimensional photonic lattice structures using a single specially designed, diffraction optical element mask. The mask is fabricated by recording gratings in a photosensitive polymer using a two-beam interference method and has four diffraction gratings in the sample plane, with a same distance from the opening center and oriented four-fold symmetrically. Four first-order diffracted beams by the gratings and one non-diffracted central beam overlap and form three-dimensional interference pattern. The phase of one side beam is delayed by inserting a thin piece of microscope glass slide into the beam. By rotating the glass slide thus tuning the phase of the side beam, the five beam interference pattern changes from facecenter tetragonal symmetry into desired diamond-like lattice symmetry. The three-dimensional interference pattern is recorded in a photosensitive polymer, showing the phase tuning related changes of photonic lattice structures. Combing an amplitude mask with the phase mask by putting the amplitude mask in the central opening of the diffraction optical element mask, line defects are produced within the photonic crystal template.
A fair non-repudiation protocol (2003)

Non-repudiation and fairness are two important issues in the implementation of electronic commerce. This paper discusses non-repudiation services and fair non-repudiation protocols. After analyzing two widely used fair non-repudiation protocols the fair non-repudiation protocol and the certified mail protocol, we propose a new fair non-repudiation protocol, which transports less data, has better confidentiality of message and better fairness. We analyze it with accountability framework on its non-repudiation and fairness.
Structure of a human retroviral sequence related to mouse mammary tumor virus (1986)

Human sequences that are related to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MuMTV) genome were cloned from breast tumor cell DNA. Of 100 recombinants, only 1 hybridized with two different probes from separate regions of the MuMTV genome (gag-pol and long terminal repeat [LTR]). This sequence, NMWV 4, was shown to have a proviruslike structure. Hybridization to digests of normal and tumor cell DNA indicated that NMWV 4 and a few closely related sequences are endogenous to the human genome. The regions that contain homology to the MuMTV LTR were sequenced. Long repeated sequences with the hallmarks of retroviral LTRs were identified. The NMWV 4 LTR contains transcription initiation and termination signals and is flanked by a polypurine tract (5' LTR) and a primer-binding site (3' LTR). The primer-binding site is complementary to tRNA lysine, the primer used by MuMTV and HTLV-III. The polypurine tract is also similar to those of these two retroviruses.
“Nindigo”: synthesis, coordination chemistry, and properties of indigo diimines as a new class of functional bridging ligands (2010)

Reactions of indigo with anilines provide a simple route to indigo N,N'-diaryldiimines ("Nindigo"), a new binucleating ligand with two beta-diketiminate-type metal binding sites. Bis-palladium complexes have interesting ligand-centred properties such as redox activity and intense near infrared absorption.
Pheromone synthesis. 4. A synthesis of (.+-.)-methyl n-tetradeca-trans-2,4,5-trienoate, an allenic ester produced by the male dried bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say) (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPheromone synthesis. 4. A synthesis of (.+-.)-methyl n-tetradeca-trans-2,4,5-trienoate, an allenic ester produced by the male dried bean beetle Acanthoscelides obtectus (Say)P. J. Kocienski, G. Cernigliaro, and G. FeldsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 2, 353–355Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00422a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00422a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views889Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulations for Visible Light Communications With Dimming Control (2011)

Visible light communication (VLC) uses solid-state lightings to transmit information; therefore, it is necessary that modulation schemes for VLC provide dimming control. In this letter, we propose a multiple pulse position modulation (MPPM) to offer both functions of modulating data-stream and controlling the brightness at the same time. According to the dimming level, we control the number of pulses of MPPM in one symbol duration. We analyze communication performance in terms of the normalized power requirement and spectral efficiency. From our studies, we show that MPPM is superior to variable on-off keying (VOOK) and variable pulse position modulation (VPPM) proposed in the IEEE 802.15 VLC task group.
Actuators for high speed high accuracy co-ordinate measuring machines (1991)

Describes the Ferranti MIDAS co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM) which consists of three orthogonal axes in X, Y and Z and a Renishaw PH10 two degree of freedom probe capable of rotating +or-180 degrees about the probe axis and 0 to 105 degrees perpendicular to the axis. The machine axes are controlled by independent servo loops consisting of a pulse width modulated current amplifier, three phase brushless servomotors with incremental shaft encoders, preamp component for signal conditioning and velocity loop control and a position controller implemented in software and downloaded to transputer. The position loop transducer is a fixed optical grating parallel to each axis of 50 lines/mm.
Stabilization of Na<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase Purified from <i>Pichia pastoris</i> Membranes by Specific Interactions with Lipids (2007)

Na+,K+-ATPase (porcine alpha1/His10*beta1 or human alpha1/porcine His10*beta1) has been expressed in Pichia pastoris and purified by Co2+-chelate affinity resin chromatography, yielding about 80% pure, functional, and stable protein in a single step. The protein was eluted in nonionic detergents together with a phosphatidylserine. Size exclusion chromatography showed that the protein eluted in n-dodecyl beta-d-maltoside is an alpha1/beta1 protomer, whereas that in octaethylene glycol dodecyl monoether contains a mixture of alpha1/beta1 protomer and higher order oligomers. The Na+,K+-ATPase activity (8-16 (mumol/min)/mg of protein) is similar in both detergents. Thus, the minimal functional unit is the alpha1/beta1 protomer, and activity is unaffected by the presence of oligomeric forms. Screening of phospholipids for stabilization of the Na+,K+-ATPase activity shows that (a) acid phospholipids are required and phosphatidylserine is somewhat better than phosphatidylinositol and (b) optimal stabilization is achieved with asymmetric phosphatidylserines having saturated (18:0 >or= 16:0) and unsaturated (18:1 > 18:2) side chains at sn-1 an sn-2 positions, respectively. In the presence of phosphatidylserine, cholesterol stabilizes the protein at 37 degrees C, but not at 0 degrees C. Cholesterol also increases the "apparent affinity" of the phosphatidylserine and stabilizes optimally in the presence of phosphatidylserines with a saturated fatty acyl chain at the sn-1 position. Ergosterol is a poor stabilizer. We propose that phosphatidylserine and cholesterol interact specifically with each other near the alpha1/beta1 subunit interface, thus stabilizing the protein. These interactions do not seem to affect Na+,K+-ATPase activity.
Endoskopische Diagnostik und Therapie von Frühformen des gastrointestinalen Karzinoms (1988)

ZusammenfassungEine Frühesterkennung des gastrointestinalen Karzinoms bedeutet in jedem Fall eine Diagnostik in einem Stadium, in dem das Krebswachstum noch auf die oberflächlichen Organschichten, in der Regel Mucosa und Submucosa beschränkt ist. Hierfür hat sich der Begriff des Frühkarzinoms oder early cancer durchgesetzt, beinhaltet er doch in der Regel Kurabilität. Bei diesen „Oberflächenkrebsen“, die unserer bisherigen Erfahrung nach über etwa ein Dezennium stationär bleiben, ist diagnostische Subtilität gefragt: Bei den geringen Niveauunterschieden und Formveränderungen der Organoberfläche dominiert die direkte endoskopische Inspektion, da hierdurch auch Farbunterschiede erkannt werden können, auf die das Röntgenverfahren naturgemäß verzichten muß.
Permeation enhancers compatible with transdermal drug delivery systems: part II: system design considerations. (1992)

Part I of this article reviewed the classification, chemistry, properties, selection, and use of skin permeation enhancers in transdermal drug delivery systems and dermal patches. In Part II, the authors discuss ideal properties of enhancers and describe various enhancers' actions on the skin, as well as interaction among permeation enhancers and other transdermal delivery system components, such as backing materials, pressure-sensitive adhesives, membranes, and release liners. Adhesive properties critical to the optimization of a transdermal formulation are discussed.
Palladium Complexes with Pyrimidine-Functionalized N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Activity (2009)

A series of novel pyrimidine functionalized palladium(II)(NHC) complexes with aryl and alkyl substituents [1-(2-Pyrimidyl)-3-(aryl or alkyl)imidazoline-2-ylidene palladium(II) chlorides] was synthesized by transmetalation via the corresponding silver complexes. All compounds have been fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and in two cases by X-ray single crystal structures. Different solid state structures were observed for aryl and alkyl substituted ligands: for the sterically less demanding methyl substituent, a complex is formed, where two ligands are coordinated to one metal center [Pd(L)2Cl]+, while in the mesityl case a [Pd(L)Cl2] structure was observed. They show good catalytic activity in the CH activation of methane as well as in the Mizoroki-Heck reaction, where especially the methyl substituted complex shows a remarkably high activity combined with a very high selectivity.
Efficient transfer planning for flat knitting (2018)

Industrial knitting machines form fabric by manipulating loops of yarn held on hundreds of hook-shaped needles. Transfer planning algorithms generate a sequence of machine instructions that move loops between their current needles and given target needles. In this paper we describe how to compute the run-time cost of a transfer plan in terms of machine passes, and compare the plans generated by several existing and new transfer planning algorithms under this metric over a a large benchmarking set of transfer operations taken from example flat lace patterns, along with synthetically generated patterns.
Simultaneous Detection and Fine Mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci in Mice Using Heterogeneous Stocks (2002)

We describe a method to simultaneously detect and fine map quantitative trait loci (QTL) that is especially suited to the mapping of modifier loci in mouse mutant models. The method exploits the high level of historical recombination present in a heterogeneous stock (HS), an outbred population of mice derived from known founder strains. The experimental design is an F(2) cross between the HS and a genetically distinct line, such as one carrying a knockout or transgene. QTL detection is performed by a standard genome scan with approximately 100 markers and fine mapping by typing the same animals using densely spaced markers over those candidate regions detected by the scan. The analysis uses an extension of the dynamic-programming technique employed previously to fine map QTL in HS mice. We show by simulation that a QTL accounting for 5% of the total variance can be detected and fine mapped with >50% probability to within 3 cM by genotyping approximately 1500 animals.
Discovery of TIBO, a New Family of HIV-1-Specific Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (1993)

It was with more than usual interest that we learned about the essential role of a human retrovirus, HIV (human immunodeficiency virus), in the pathogenesis of AIDS (acquired immune deficiency syndrome). Since the early 1970s the group of Prof. Erik De Clercq at the Rega Institute for Medical Research at the Catholic University in Leuven (or Louvain, Belgium) had been focusing on antiviral chemotherapy. The wide range of viruses that were studied also included murine retroviruses, for which in vitro and in vivo antiviral models were being developed. Such studies indicated that, at least theoretically, several stages in the HIV replicative cycle might be vulnerable to chemotherapeutic intervention: adsorption and interaction with the viral receptor; penetration/uncoating; reverse transcription (and the accompanying degradation of the viral RNA template); integration of the DNA into the host genome; expression (transcription and translation) of the viral genes, and the regulation of this expression; processing of the viral precursor proteins through myristylation, proteolysis, and glycosylation; virus assembly; and budding of newly formed virions.
Interaction of Sound with the Ocean Bottom: A Three-Year Summary. (1978)

This report documents the results of a three-year study of the interaction of sound with the sea floor. The investigation covered sea floor properties of interest in underwater acoustics, including velocity gradients in the sea floor, density, shear-wave velocities and other properties; research on acoustic propagation models, especially at low frequencies (2 to 200 Hz); and the development of accurate and efficient methods for coupling geoacoustic models to standard propagation models such as ray theory, normal mode theory and P.E. (a numerical method using the Parabolic Equation approximation to the wave equation). During this period numerous reports were distributed to the acoustic community. Various predictions for the surveillance community have been calculated using the geoacoustic and acoustic models, support was provided to others developing models and support was provided on a continuous basis to surveillance programs including the Indian Ocean, MSS, SURTASS, and others. An extensive list of references is included. (Author)
Single embryoid body formation in a multi-well plate (2007)

Embryoid bodies (EB) formed from murine embryonic stem (ES) cells recapitulate many aspects of a developing embryo. Of specific importance, synchronous differentiation of EB recapitulates organ-specific development and is achieved in culture by formation of uniformly sized EB. The method described here demonstrates a simple and cost-effective way of generating EB from murine ES cells. Single EB are formed in a multi-well plate format and large numbers of EB are generated using a 96-well multi-well plate. Uniform single-sized EB formed in the multi-well are an ideal system for screening compounds and determining differentiation effects. Since EB contain all three germ layers, they are appropriate for studying small molecule effects on differentiation of ES such as is performed in high-throughput screening protocols.
Inhibitory activity of the equine infectious anemia virus major 5' splice site in the absence of Rev (1996)

The major 5' splice site of equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) conforms to the consensus 5' splice site in eight consecutive positions and is located immediately upstream of the gag AUG. Our results show that the presence of this 5' splice site on the EIAV gag mRNA decreases Gag production 30- to 60-fold. This is caused by inefficient nuclear mRNA export and inefficient mRNA utilization. Inhibition could be overcome by providing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev/Rev-responsive element, human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 Rex/Rex-responsive element, or simian retrovirus type 1 constitutive transport element. In addition, inhibition could be abolished by introducing single point mutations in the 5' splice site or by moving the 5' splice site away from its natural position immediately upstream of the gag AUG. This demonstrates that both maintenance of a perfect consensus 5' splice site and its proper location on the mRNA are important for inhibitory activity of the EIAV major 5' splice site.
Local delivery of Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor protects mice from lethal pneumococcal pneumonia (2011)

Introduction: The growth factor granulocyte/macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has an important role in pulmonary surfactant metabolism and the regulation of antibacterial activities of lung sentinel cells. However, the potential of intra-alveolar GM-CSF to augment lung protective immunity against inhaled bacterial pathogens has not been defined in preclinical infection models. We hypothesized that transient overexpression of GM-CSF in the lungs of mice by adenoviral gene transfer (Ad-GM-CSF) would protect mice from subsequent lethal pneumococcal pneumonia.
A mathematical model for targeting chemicals to tissues by exploiting complex degradation (2011)

We have shown, using our mathematical model, how complex degradation can potentially be exploited to target a chemical to a particular tissue, and how the level of the active chemical depends on factors such as the diffusion coefficients and degradation/production rates of each species. The biological significance of these results in terms of potential applications in cartilage tissue engineering and chemotherapy is discussed. In particular, we believe these results may be of use in determining the most promising prodrug candidates.
Matrices: methods and applications (1991)

How matrices arise Basic algebra of matrices Unique solution of linear equations Determinant and inverse Rank, non-unique solution of equations, and applications Eigenvalues and eigenvectors Quadratic and hermitian forms Canonical forms Matrix functions Generalized inverses Polynomials, stability, and matrix equations Polynomial and rational matrices Patterned matrices Miscellaneous topics Bibliography Index