gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Intelligent Acceleration Schedules for Extending the Life of Aircraft Engines (2007)

Aircraft engine controllers are designed and operated to provide desired performance and stability margins. This paper addresses the relationship between acceleration action and engine component life usage. Based upon this relationship, an intelligent approach for designing acceleration schedules that provide proper tradeoffs between performance and engine life usage is proposed. The benefit of this approach is that it is expected to maintain safety while minimizing the overall operating costs. With the advances of computer technology, engine operation models, and damage physics, it is necessary to reevaluate the control strategy for overall operating cost consideration. This paper uses the thermal--mechanical fatigue (TMF) of a critical component to demonstrate how an intelligent acceleration algorithm can drastically reduce the engine life usage with minimum sacrifice in performance. We have modeled and calculated the probability of failure due to TMF damage. A Monte Carlo simulation is also performed to evaluate the likelihood of engine damage accumulation under various operating conditions. By means of genetic search algorithms, optimal acceleration schedules can be obtained with multiple constraints. The simulation results show that a selected best acceleration schedule can provide a significant life saving in selected engine components.
Cytotoxic ribonucleases: molecular weapons and their targets (2003)

Many ribonucleases (RNases) are highly cytotoxic. In some cases, they attack selectively malignant cells, triggering apoptotic response, and therefore are considered as alternative chemotherapeutic drugs. Factors that determine the cytotoxicity of RNases, primarily of those of microbial origin, are reviewed here. These factors include catalytic activity, ability to escape natural inhibitors, stability, and efficiency of internalization. The latter is, in turn, determined by positive charge on the molecule and interaction with cell membrane. Cellular targets and molecular determinants of RNases decisive for their cytotoxic action are characterized.
Living Polymerization of <i>α</i>‐Amino Acid <i>N</i>‐Carboxyanhydrides (NCA) upon Decreasing the Reaction Temperature (2004)

Abstract Summary : The n ‐hexylamine‐initiated polymerization of N ε ‐trifluoroacetyl‐ L ‐lysine N ‐carboxyanhydride in N , N ‐dimethyformamide was studied by nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis. A polypeptide with a broad molecular weight distribution was obtained and side reactions were clearly identified for polymerization at room temperature. The possibility of living polymerization at 0 °C was demonstrated. Synthesis of living polypeptides by primary amine initiated polymerization of NCA at low temperatures. image Synthesis of living polypeptides by primary amine initiated polymerization of NCA at low temperatures.
A light ion beam driver for the Laboratory Microfusion Facility (1990)

The Laboratory Microfusion Facility (LMF) is being planned to develop high-grain, high-yield (200 MJ-1000 MJ) ICF targets for applications to nuclear weapons effects simulation, thermonuclear weapons physics, and energy production. It is expected that a 1000-MJ yield will require {approximately}10--20 MJ input energy to the target. The light-ion beam driver concept for the LMF consists of 36 accelerator modules that drive independent Li{sup +} ion diodes. Each ion beam is extracted from an annular ion diode and propagated to a solenoidal lens located near the wall of the target chamber. This magnetic lens focuses the beam on to the pellet located at the center of the target chamber. The temporal shape of the power pulse delivered to the target is controlled by the synchronized firing of the accelerator modules. This paper presents a status of the light-ion beam LMF driver concept.
Two outward K+ currents in bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells: IK(Ca) and IK(V) (1991)

Pigmented ciliary epithelial cells were studied using the whole cell voltage-clamp technique. Depolarizing steps from a holding potential of -80 mV resulted in a small initial inward current followed by a large outward current. Prolonged depolarizing voltage steps revealed inactivating and noninactivating components of outward current. Outward current was sensitive to the level of Ca2+ in the pipette and was increased by the calcium ionophore A23187; it was blocked by tetraethylammonium (TEA+), quinine, and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). 4-AP blocked 70% of the outward current with a Ki of 7 x 10(-5) M, and part of the remaining current was abolished by Ni2+. Ni2+ caused a reduction in outward current by blocking IK(Ca) indirectly via decreasing Ca2+ entry through T-type Ca2+ channels. Separating Ni(2+)-sensitive from -insensitive outward conductance gives components that correspond notionally to IK(Ca) and IK(V), respectively. On this basis IK(Ca) represents approximately 28% of K+ outward current. Charybdotoxin blocked 26% of the outward conductance at very depolarized voltage steps as calculated from the slope of the current-voltage curve in this region. It is concluded that there are two major components to the outward current: IK(V), an inactivating voltage-sensitive K+ current, and IK(Ca), which is dependent on the entry of Ca2+ through T-type Ca2+ channels and comprises approximately a quarter of the total K+ outward current under the conditions described. Because of their relative voltage-activation properties, IK(Ca) will be the more important in terms of K+ transport and the secretion of aqueous humor by the ciliary epithelium.
4H-SiC junction-barrier Schottky diodes with high forward current densities (2001)

4H-SiC junction-barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes blocking 1000 V have been fabricated. I-V characteristics have been evaluated at room temperature and 255 °C in comparison with the Schottky barrier (SB) and pin diodes fabricated on the same wafer. While the low reverse leakage confirms the functioning of JBS, the high forward current densities of 630 and 210 A cm-2 at 4.0 V at room temperature and 255 °C, respectively, with only ~20% reduction from those of the SB diodes, clearly demonstrate that the SiC JBS diodes can be fabricated with acceptable sacrifice in the forward current capacities.
Reducing patient re-identification risk for laboratory results within research datasets (2012)

With growing impetus for sharing clinical data for research, and in view of healthcare-related federal privacy regulation, methods to mitigate risks of re-identification are important. A practical, expert-derived perturbation algorithm that demonstrated potential utility was developed. Similar approaches might enable administrators to select data protection scheme parameters that meet their preferences in the trade-off between the protection of privacy and the retention of clinical meaning of shared data.
El entrenamiento del bateo en el equipo Las Tunas durante las series nacionales XL, XLII y XLIII (2006)

Para este trabajo se tomo una muestra de 18 atletas del equipo de beisbol de Las Tunas que participaron en la XL, XLII y XLIII Serie Nacional, con una experiencia deportiva promedio de 12 anos. El objetivo del mismo consistio en aplicarle algunas modificaciones a los diferentes indicadores de las cargas con una nueva concepcion metodologica de los medios de entrenamiento del bateo y la variacion de los contenidos de la preparacion de fuerza especial. El metodo utilizado fue el experimento, ademas de la medicion de los tiempos de micropausa y macropausa de descanso. Como aspecto interesante del trabajo se pudo demostrar que con las modificaciones realizadas se produjo un incremento en los resultados ofensivos del equipo, constituyendo alguno de ellos record para las Series Nacionales.
A tiered approach combining the short time exposure (STE) test and the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay for predicting eye irritation potential of chemicals (2012)

For the evaluation of eye irritation, one in vitro alternative test may not completely replace the Draize test. Therefore, a tiered approach combining several in vitro assays, including cytotoxicity assays, is proposed in order to estimate the eye irritation potential of a wide range of chemical classes. The Short Time Exposure (STE) test, a relatively newer alternative eye irritation test, involves exposing Statens seruminstitut rabbit cornea (SIRC) cells for 5 min to two concentrations (5% and 0.05%) of test material. In the present study, we examined the predictive capacity of a tiered approach analyzing the results from the STE test and then the results of the bovine corneal opacity and permeability (BCOP) assay for assessing globally harmonized system (GHS) eye irritation rankings of various chemicals. The accuracy of predicting the GHS rankings was slightly improved when the tiered approach combination of STE test and BCOP assay was used compared to when the STE test irritation rank classification was used alone. Moreover, the under prediction rate was substantially improved when this tiered approach was used. From these results, the tiered approach of combining the data analysis of the STE test and BCOP assay might be a promising alternative eye irritation test strategy.
An unstable beta 2-microglobulin: major histocompatibility complex class I heavy chain intermediate dissociates from calnexin and then is stabilized by binding peptide. (1994)

Proper assembly of the class I heavy chain (HC), beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), and peptide must occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in order for MHC class I molecules to be expressed on the cell surface. Newly synthesized class I HC bind calnexin, an ER resident chaperone. These calnexin-associated class I HC appeared to lack the stable association with beta 2m in peptide transporter-deficient T2 cells since beta 2m-unassociated class I HC-specific HC10 antibody, but not beta 2m-associated class I HC-specific W6/32 antibody, coimmunoprecipitated calnexin. To determine the precursor-product relationship of the pool of HC that bind peptide, class I-restricted peptides were added to lysates of T2 cells in vitro. These peptides stabilized preexisting beta 2m-associated HC complexes (beta 2m+:HC:pep-), but had no significant effect on the preexisting pool of calnexin-associated HC that lack beta 2m. Release of HC from calnexin appeared to be controlled by the binding of beta 2m, since beta 2m-deficient FO-1 cells showed a prolonged association of class I HC with calnexin, while beta 2m-transfected FO-1 cells displayed a more rapid dissociation of class I HC from calnexin. Consistent with this result, the dissociation of class I HC from calnexin did not appear to be dependent on peptide binding since the dissociation rates were similar in peptide transporter-deficient T2 cells and in wild-type T1 cells. From these observations, we speculate that in the stepwise assembly of class I molecules, calnexin may mediate dimerization of class I HC with beta 2m, and that the unstable beta 2m+:HC:pep- complexes, after dissociation from calnexin, subsequently bind peptide to complete the assembly.
Equilibrium and growth shapes of crystals: how do they differ and why should we care? (2005)

Abstract Since the death of Prof. Dr. Jan Czochralski nearly 50 years ago, crystals grown by the Czochralski method have increased remarkably in size and perfection, resulting today in the industrial production of silicon crystals about 30 cm in diameter and two meters in length. The Czochralski method is of great technological and economic importance for semiconductors and optical crystals. Over this same time period, there have been equally dramatic improvements in our theoretical understanding of crystal growth morphology. Today we can compute complex crystal growth shapes from robust models that reproduce most of the features and phenomena observed experimentally. We should care about this because it is likely to result in the development of powerful and economical design tools to enable future progress. Crystal growth morphology results from an interplay of crystallographic anisotropy and growth kinetics by means of interfacial processes and long‐range transport. The equilibrium shape of a crystal results from minimizing its anisotropic surface free energy under the constraint of constant volume; it is given by the classical Wulff construction but can also be represented by an analytical formula based on the ξ‐vector formalism of Hoffman and Cahn. We now have analytic criteria for missing orientations (sharp corners or edges) on the equilibrium shape, both in two (classical) and three (new) dimensions. Crystals that grow under the control of interfacial kinetic processes tend asymptotically toward a “kinetic Wulff shape”, the analogue of the Wulff shape, except it is based on the anisotropic interfacial kinetic coefficient. If it were not for long range transport, crystals would presumably nucleate with their equilibrium shape and then evolve toward their “kinetic Wulff shape”. Allowing for long range transport leads to morphological instabilities on the scale of the geometric mean of a transport length (typically a diffusivity divided by the growth speed) and a capillary length (of the order of atomic dimensions). Resulting crystal growth shapes can be cellular or dendritic, but can also exhibit corners and facets related to the underlying crystallographic anisotropy. Within the last decade, powerful phase field models, based on a diffuse interface, have been used to treat simultaneously all of the above phenomena. Computed morphologies can exhibit cells, dendrites and facets, and the geometry of isotherms and isoconcentrates can also be determined. Results of such computations are illustrated in both two and three dimensions. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Paraoxonase 1, Quorum Sensing, and P. aeruginosa Infection: A Novel Model (2009)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacterium which exacts a heavy burden on immunocompromised patients, but is non-pathogenic in a healthy host. Using small signaling molecules called acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs), populations of P. aeruginosa can coordinate phenotypic changes, including biofilm formation and virulence factor secretion. This concentration-dependent process is called quorum sensing (QS). Interference with QS has been identified as a potential source of new treatments for P. aeruginosa infection. The human enzyme paraoxonase 1 (PON1) degrades AHL molecules, and is a promising candidate for QS interference therapy. Although paraoxonase orthologs exist in many species, genetic redundancy in humans and other mammals has made studying the specific effects of PON1 quite difficult. Arthropods, however, do not express any PON homologs. We generated a novel model to study the specific effects of PON1 by transgenically expressing human PON1 in Drosophila melanogaster. Using this model, we showed that P. aeruginosa infection lethality is QS-dependent, and that expression of PON1 has a protective effect. This work demonstrates the value of a D. melanogaster model for investigating the specific functions of members of the paraoxonase family in vivo, and suggests that PON1 plays a role in innate immunity.
Nine Months of Workmen's Compensation in North Carolina (1930)

A survey of the judicial operation of the North Carolina Industrial Commission during the first nine months of its existence sheds light on the future of Workmen's Compensation in North Carolina.Operating under an act, which in the rush of legislation was inexpertly drafted as a compromise bill, the Industrial Commission has functioned smoothly and has assumed that liberal viewpoint necessary to the effective discharge of its duties.It is to be hoped that subsequent legislatures will cure the statutory defects and that the appellate tribunals will not tie the hands of the Commission.Certainly, if such aid is given, the Commission has laid the foundation for a constructive future. Accident Arising Out of and in the Course of EmploymentAs defined by 2 (f) an "injury" for which compensation is allowed "shall mean only injury by accident arising out of and in the course of the employment. . .."This definition presents a double aspect."In the course of" refers to the time, place and circumstances under which the accident occurred.This is, in most cases, a fairly simple question.'The real difficulty arises in determining * All references to "Act," "Compensation Act" and "Workmen's Compensation Act" are to N. C. Pub.Laws (1929) ch.120; and all references to sections are to the sections under this statute.
Synthesis of application-specific heterogeneous multiprocessor systems (abstract) (1992)

Heterogeneous systems can achieve enhanced performance and/or cost-effectiveness over homogeneous systems. SOS, a formal method to synthesize optimal heterogeneous systems for given applications, involves creation and solution of a mixed integer-linear programming model. A primary component of the model is the set of relations to be satisfied to ensure proper ordering of various events in the task execution, and completeness and correctness. Experiments indicate SOS can be useful in designing heterogeneous systems.
On the iterative decoding of binary product codes over the binary erasure channel (2011)

Iterative decoding in two dimensions over the binary erasure channel is investigated when identical linear binary cyclic codes are employed in each dimension. Decoding of the overall code is simplified by employing iterative decoding with cyclic permutations for the component code in each dimension. Decoding complexity versus performance can be traded as a function mainly of the number of minimum weight codewords selected from the dual of each component code. Using results from computer simulations, a comparative analysis is presented of various iterative decoding algorithms in two dimensions applied to simple codes, specifically the product codes (961,676,9), (225,49,25) and (961,256,49).
Two novel chick T-box genes related to mouse <i>Brachyury</i> are expressed in different, non-overlapping mesodermal domains during gastrulation (1997)

The mouse Brachyury (T) gene plays critical roles in the genesis of normal mesoderm during gastrulation and in the maintenance of a functioning notochord. Abrogation of Brachyury (T) expression within the chordamesoderm of homozygous null mutants nevertheless spares anterior axis formation. An intriguing possibility to explain the preservation of anterior axis formation in these mutants would be the existence of other genes compensating for the loss of Brachyury. This compensation and the recent demonstration that Brachyury is the prototype for an evolutionarily conserved family, prompted a search for other T-box genes participating in axis formation. The chick Brachyury orthologue and two related chick T-box genes that are expressed at the onset of gastrulation have been isolated. One of these novel genes (Ch-TbxT) becomes restricted to the axial mesoderm lineage and is a potential candidate for complementing or extending Brachyury function in the anterior axis (formation of the head process, prechordal plate). The other gene (Ch-Tbx6L), together with chick T, appears to mark primitive streak progenitors before gastrulation. As cells leave the primitive streak, Ch-Tbx6L becomes restricted to the early paraxial mesoderm lineage and could play a role in regulating somitogenesis.
Induction of graft vs. tumor effect in a murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma (1997)

We have attempted to induce immune-mediated graft-vs.-tumor (GVT) effects against solid tumors, using a murine model of mammary adenocarcinoma derived from BALB/c(H-2d) mice. A cell line (4Tl) isolated from this tumor model was highly tumorigenic in syngeneic (BALB/c) or haplo-identical (BALB/c x C57B1/6)F1 mice (F1), was only partially tumorigenic in an H-2d congenic strain of mice (DBA/2) and was non-tumorigenic in a major histocompatible (MHC)-unrelated (H-2b) strain of mice (C57B1/6). 4Tl cells express class I MHC antigens and adhesion molecules but do not express MHC class II antigens or B7-1 co-stimulatory molecules. Female BALB/c (H-2d) or F1 (H-2d/b) mice were reconstituted with male bone marrow (BM) cells derived from minor histocompatible (MiHC)-mismatched DBA (H-2d) donors or with MHC-mismatched C57B1/6 (H-2b) BM cells, respectively, 24 hr following lethal total body irradiation. Recipient mice carrying MiHC- or MHC-mismatched donor cells were inoculated with 4Tl cells 2-3 months following BM reconstitution. Chimeras reconstituted with allogeneic donor cells that were MiHC- or MHC-incompatible with tumor cells were able to down-regulate the development of the primary tumor expressing host-ype MHC alloantigens. Tumor size in BM chimeras across MiHC or MHC antigens was significantly smaller than tumor size observed in normal BALB/c or F1 controls. The GVT effect might be of help in improving immunotherapy for solid tumors in humans.
Neurovascular unit crosstalk: Pericytes and astrocytes modify cytokine secretion patterns of brain endothelial cells (2017)

Crosstalk among brain endothelial cells (BECs), pericytes, and astrocytes occurs by way of soluble factors, including cytokines. Here, we studied cytokine secretion from both mouse BEC monocultures and tri-cultured with pericytes and astrocytes. Four cytokines were constitutively secreted by BEC monolayers, 12 by LPS-stimulated BECs, 10 by tri-cultures, and 14 by LPS-stimulated tri-cultures. Cytokine levels were generally higher with either LPS stimulation or tri-culture when compared to monocultures and highest in tri-cultures stimulated by LPS. LPS-stimulated secretions fell into eight patterns as categorized by the polarization of cytokine secretions. To determine the cellular origin of cytokine increases in tri-cultures, we cultured mouse BECs with human pericytes and astrocytes and measured cytokines in species-specific assays. Thus, cytokines detected in the human immunoassay were from pericytes/astrocytes and those detected in the mouse immunoassay were from BECs. Several unique patterns were thus found. For example, TNF-alpha was only of pericyte/astrocyte origin; granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was only of BEC origin; IL-6, MCP-1, and GM-CSF of astrocyte/pericyte origin were found in both the luminal and abluminal chambers, suggesting the presence of brain-to-blood transporters. We conclude that crosstalk influences cytokine secretion under constitutive and stimulated conditions from both BECs and pericytes/astrocytes.