gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arteriovenous Malformations in Children and Adolescents (1990)

During the years 1974-1988, sixty-three cases of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in children and adolescents were experienced. Fifty-three patients (84.1%) had hemorrhage (intracerebral hematoma and/or intraventricular hemorrhage), and 2 of them died from the first hemorrhage. Ten patients had nonhemorrhagic symptoms, such as epilepsy and cerebral steal syndrome. Three fourths of the patients with hemorrhagic presentation had small AVMs (less than 2 cm in diameter).Forty cases (63.5%) were treated with surgery and total excision of AVMs could be accomplished in 32 (80.0% of surgical cases). Eight cases had incomplete surgery (feeder clipping or partial resection of the nidus) and 21 cases were followed without surgery. Of these 29 cases, 10 cases (34.5%) experienced later hemorrhages during the mean follow-up period of 6.0 years. There was no difference in incidence and interval of later hemorrhages between cases with hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic presentation.Outcome was poor in cases of recurrent hemorrhages and also poor in young patients developing cerebral steal syndrome with large AVM.Optimal management consists of total excision of AVMs. There were, however, approximately 30-40% of patients for whom no surgery was indicated. It is important to recognize the natural history of these non-surgical cases. To improve overall mortality and morbidity of AVMs in children, non-surgical cases should be properly treated by any other means such as radiosurgery or embolization.
Review essay / Dominion as the target of criminal justice (1991)

John Braithwaite and Philip Pettit, Not Just Deserts: A Republican Theory of Criminal Justice, Oxford Clarendon Press, 1990, vii + 229 pp.
Synthesis of three-dimensionally interconnected sulfur-rich polymers for cathode materials of high-rate lithium–sulfur batteries (2015)

Elemental sulfur is one of the most attractive cathode active materials in lithium batteries because of its high theoretical specific capacity. Despite the positive aspect, lithium-sulfur batteries have suffered from severe capacity fading and limited rate capability. Here we report facile large-scale synthesis of a class of organosulfur compounds that could open a new chapter in designing cathode materials to advance lithium-sulfur battery technologies. Porous trithiocyanuric acid crystals are synthesized for use as a soft template, where the ring-opening polymerization of elemental sulfur takes place along the thiol surfaces to create three-dimensionally interconnected sulfur-rich phases. Our lithium-sulfur cells display discharge capacity of 945 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 0.2 C with high-capacity retention of 92%, as well as lifetimes of 450 cycles. Particularly, the organized amine groups in the crystals increase Li(+)-ion transfer rate, affording a rate performance of 1210, mAh g(-1) at 0.1 C and 730 mAh g(-1) at 5 C.
Analysis on the Word-formation of English Netspeak Neologism (2014)

The emergence of computer-mediated communication provides a resourceful database for language researchers as well as learners. This study focuses on the Internet neologisms, a derivative of new media age, which in many ways affects the netizens in terms of communication. The collected data are examined empirically to figure out the characteristics of netspeak neologisms and their patterns of formation. It suggests that the most frequently occurring word-formation process of netspeak neologisms is compounding, subsequently, blending, affixation, old words with new meaning, acronyms, conversion, and clipping. Through probing into each process, the examples are illustrated and sub-categories are listed in terms of blending for further understanding. This study has proven that the diversity of word-formation processes of English netspeak neologism and may shed light on the creativity of language in the online context.
Optic disc photogrammetry: magnification factors for eye position, centration, and ametropias, refractive and axial; and their application in the diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia. (1989)

To determine if image magnification from ametropia or other factors required correction in the photogrammetric diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia, the following variables were studied using two standard 30 degrees field fundus cameras (Zeiss FF-3 and Kowa RC-2): (1) distance between the camera and the subject--variations in this distance do not change the image size; (2) decentration of the camera (i.e., decentration of the optic disc image within the field)--no effect was found using the Kowa camera, but in the Zeiss, a 2% (0.07 mm) increase in disc image size was found for each mm of optic disc decentration in the field; (3) ametropia, refractive experimental (induced in one subject with soft contact lenses, from +8.00 diopters (D) to -8.00D)--no significant change in image size was found (In addition, in 50 healthy adult eyes with various refractive errors, including ten with uncorrected aphakia, there was no significant difference found for the size of the optic nerve in different refractive ametropias. No correction factor was necessary for aphakia or for other refractive ametropias); and (4) ametropia, axial--axial myopia showed minor but significant magnification: a linear increase in the horizontal diameter of the optic disc image of 2% (0.07 mm) was found for each diopter of axial ametropia exceeding 3D. There was insufficient data for axial hyperopia. These magnification factors should be applied when measuring the optic disc on 35-mm transparencies to make a diagnosis of optic nerve hypoplasia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inventory and Functional Characterization of the HAK Potassium Transporters of Rice (2002)

Plants take up large amounts of K(+) from the soil solution and distribute it to the cells of all organs, where it fulfills important physiological functions. Transport of K(+) from the soil solution to its final destination is mediated by channels and transporters. To better understand K(+) movements in plants, we intended to characterize the function of the large KT-HAK-KUP family of transporters in rice (Oryza sativa cv Nipponbare). By searching in databases and cDNA cloning, we have identified 17 genes (OsHAK1-17) encoding transporters of this family and obtained evidence of the existence of other two genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the encoded transporters reveals a great diversity among them, and three distant transporters, OsHAK1, OsHAK7, and OsHAK10, were expressed in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacterial mutants to determine their functions. The three transporters mediate K(+) influxes or effluxes, depending on the conditions of the experiment. A comparative kinetic analysis of HAK-mediated K(+) influx in yeast and in roots of K(+)-starved rice seedlings demonstrated the involvement of HAK transporters in root K(+) uptake. We discuss that all HAK transporters may mediate K(+) transport, but probably not only in the plasma membrane. Transient expression of the OsHAK10-green fluorescent protein fusion protein in living onion epidermal cells targeted this protein to the tonoplast.
The Effects of the ATP-Dependent Potassium Channel Antagonist, Glyburide, on Coronary Blood Flow and Susceptibility to Ventricular Fibrillation in Unanesthetized Dogs (1993)

Extracellular potassium rapidly increases during myocardial ischemia and has been implicated in the development of ventricular fibrillation (VF). Recent evidence suggests that ischemically induced potassium efflux results from the opening of ATP-dependent potassium channels. If extracellular potassium accumulation contributes to VF, one would predict that drugs that block the ATP-dependent potassium channels should protect against these arrhythmias. Therefore, VF was induced in 15 mongrel dogs with healed myocardial infarctions by a 2-min coronary occlusion during exercise. This exercise (Ex) plus ischemia test consistently induced VF during each control (vehicle) presentation. However, glyburide, a sulfonylurea drug that selectively blocks the ATP-dependent potassium channel, prevented VF in 13 of 15 animals tested (p < 0.001, chi 2). Glyburide (G) elicited significant reductions in left ventricular dP/dtmax (Ex: control, 5,031 +/- 386.4; G, 3,286 +/- 116.6 mm Hg/s) and mean coronary blood flow (Ex: control, 49.6 +/- 8.7; G, 31.3 +/- 5.5 ml/min) both before and during exercise. The heart rate responses to exercise and coronary occlusion were also reduced. Since heart rate reductions could contribute to the cardioprotection, the exercise plus ischemia test was repeated with the heart rate held constant by ventricular pacing. Glyburide still protected four of five animals under these conditions. These data indicate that glyburide, a drug that blocks the ATP-dependent potassium channels, can prevent VF independently of changes in the heart rate. The data further suggest that these channels may contribute to the coronary vasodilation elicited by an increase in metabolic demand during exercise.
Impact of Programming Strategies Aimed at Reducing Nonessential Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator Therapies on Mortality (2014)

Therapy reduction programming results in a large, significant, and consistent reduction in mortality, with no apparent increase in the risk of syncope.
Studies of the hepatotrophic qualities of FK 506 and CyA. (1990)

Compensatory reaction of liver tissue after damage is a typical hepatic response on which most of modern hepatic surgical therapy relies.1 Characteristic changes in the rate of cellular proliferation (hyperplasia) and hepatocyte volume (hypertrophy) are observed every time a part of the liver is removed or whenever an impairment occurs in the blood supply to the organ (ischemic damage).

Substances which are able to support the liver in those reparative processes or which can prevent hepatocellular damage from different causes are referred to as hepatotrophic. Using this definition, hepatotrophic qualities have been associated with several endogenous substances, including insulin2,3 and cytosolic extract from regenerating livers.4,5 More recently, a striking hepatotrophic effect has been demonstrated for CyA.6

In this study, the hepatotrophic effects of the new immunosuppressive agent, FK 506, were tested using an experimental model (Eck-fistula in dogs) that allows hepatocyte renewal and hypertrophy to be separated.7 The results were then compared with those obtained with CyA under the same experimental conditions.6
Negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of oligodeoxynucleotide carbamate analogs (1988)

Oligonucleotide analogs, in which carbamate rather than phosphodiester linkages form the backbone, have been analyzed by negative ion fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. These oligodeoxynucleotides, dimers (982.4 daltons) to 11-mers (4356.5 daltons), show intense [M - H]- ions and some degree of cleavage of the sugar-carbamate backbone structure in repeating fashion on both sides of the carbonyl groups. Sequencing of the shorter chain oligonucleotide analogs, up to six bases long, is demonstrated by complete 3' and 5' terminal sequence fragment ions. Longer chain oligomers show partial sequencing information.
The impact of isolation pitch scaling on V/sub TH/ fluctuation in DRAM cell transistors due to neighboring drain/source electric field penetration (2002)

This paper presents the accelerated inverse narrow channel effect of DRAM cell transistors caused by lateral E-field penetration from drain/source junctions of neighboring cell transistors. This phenomenon strongly increases the threshold voltage fluctuation of cell transistors depending on the junction biases of neighboring cell transistors and will impose physical size and the voltage scaling constraints for the Gigabit level DRAM technology.
Consolidation Analysis of Soils Improved by Partly Penetrated SCP with Degree of Consolidation and Replacement Ratio (2012)

미관통 SCP공법은 개량 대상지반인 연약점토층 밑에 존재하는 지지층까지 모래말뚝을 관통시키지 않고 미관통 상태 그대로 SCP를 지반 중에 조성하는 공법으로 본 연구에서는 저치환율인 경우 압밀도에 따른 미관통 SCP공법과 관통 SCP 공법을 병용한 복합지반의 압밀침하 거동을 수치해석을 통해 비교 하였다. 본 연구결과 관통 SCP지반의 침하특성은 압밀도에 상관없이 거의 일정하나 미관통 SCP지반의 침하특성은 압밀도가 감소하고 관통율(<TEX>$H_d/H$</TEX>)이 감소할수록 상부점토지반의 침하량이 더 크게 증가되었다. 또한 미관통 SCP의 하단부에는 응력집중효과가 발휘되지 않았으며 응력분담비는 압밀도에 관계없이 거의 일정한 양상을 보였다. Partially penetrated SCP method is to install sand compaction piles in a soft clay layer not penetrating to the bed layer. In this study, consolidation behaviors of soft grounds improved by both partially and fully penetrated SCP methods are presented. When the replacement ratio is low, the settlement characteristic of the ground improved by fully penetrated SCP method seems to be consistent regardless the degree of consolidation. On the other hands, the ground improved by partially penetrated SCP method appears to decrease depending on the degree of consolidation. In addition, the settlement of upper clay layer is more increasing as the penetration ratio (<TEX>$H_d/H$</TEX>) is decreasing. No effect of stress concentration at the lower part of the partially penetrated SCP method is developed. The ratio of stress sharing appears to be almost consistent regardless the degree of consolidation.
Ellagitannins from Lagerstroemia speciosa as Activators of Glucose Transport in Fat Cells (2002)

Glucose transport enhancers were searched for in Lagerstroemia speciosa, a Philippine local herbal medicine used for diabetes mellitus. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the aqueous acetone extract of the leaves afforded three active ellagitannins, lagerstroemin, flosin B and reginin A, identified by NMR and optical rotation. These compounds increased glucose uptake of rat adipocytes, and could be responsible for lowering the blood glucose level.
Role of Pulse Oximetry in Examining Newborns for Congenital Heart Disease (2009)

Currently, CCHD is not detected in some newborns until after their hospital discharge, which results in significant morbidity and occasional mortality. Furthermore, routine pulse oximetry performed on asymptomatic newborns after 24 hours of life, but before hospital discharge, may detect CCHD. Routine pulse oximetry performed after 24 hours in hospitals that have on-site pediatric cardiovascular services incurs very low cost and risk of harm. Future studies in larger populations and across a broad range of newborn delivery systems are needed to determine whether this practice should become standard of care in the routine assessment of the neonate.
Communication—Iron Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Redox Flow Battery Applications (2016)

Ionic liquids described here have potential for cost efficient, high energy density electrolytes for redox flow battery (RFB) applications. Iron chloride based electrolytes containing up to 6.3 M iron have been synthesized and the effects of iron chloride, choline chloride, and ethylene glycol ratios on electrochemical and rheological properties were measured. It was found that electrolyte conductivity and viscosity as well as the nature of the electroplated iron are greatly influenced by electrolyte composition. An electrolyte containing iron chloride, choline chloride, and ethylene glycol in a 1:1:4 molar ratio was favored due to its higher plating efficiencies and fast kinetics.
New Methods of Plant Breeding (1911)

New Methods of Plant Breeding Get access George W. Oliver George W. Oliver U. S. Dept. of AgricultureWashington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Heredity, Volume os-6, Issue 1, January 1911, Pages 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/os-6.1.11 Published: 01 January 1911
The water gas shift reaction over Pt–CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles confined within mesoporous SBA-16 (2017)

Pt–CeO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles confined in mesoporous silica SBA-16 as successful catalysts for the single step, low temperature water gas shift reaction.
PanopticFusion: Online Volumetric Semantic Mapping at the Level of Stuff and Things (2019)

We propose PanopticFusion, a novel online volumetric semantic mapping system at the level of stuff and things. In contrast to previous semantic mapping systems, PanopticFusion is able to densely predict class labels of a background region (stuff) and individually segment arbitrary foreground objects (things). In addition, our system has the capability to reconstruct a large-scale scene and extract a labeled mesh thanks to its use of a spatially hashed volumetric map representation. Our system first predicts pixel-wise panoptic labels (class labels for stuff regions and instance IDs for thing regions) for incoming RGB frames by fusing 2D semantic and instance segmentation outputs. The predicted panoptic labels are integrated into the volumetric map together with depth measurements while keeping the consistency of the instance IDs, which could vary frame to frame, by referring to the 3D map at that moment. In addition, we construct a fully connected conditional random field (CRF) model with respect to panoptic labels for map regularization. For online CRF inference, we propose a novel unary potential approximation and a map division strategy. We evaluated the performance of our system on the ScanNet (v2) dataset. PanopticFusion outperformed or compared with state-of-the-art offline 3D DNN methods in both semantic and instance segmentation benchmarks. Also, we demonstrate a promising augmented reality application using a 3D panoptic map generated by the proposed system.
Harmaline‐induced tremor as a potential preclinical screening method for essential tremor medications (2004)

No preclinical method to evaluate potential new medications for essential tremor (ET) is available currently. Although harmaline tremor is a well known animal model of ET, it has not found utility as a preclinical drug screen and has not been validated with anti-ET medications. We measured harmaline tremor in rats (10 mg/kg s.c.) and mice (20 mg/kg s.c.) with a load sensor under the cage floor and performed spectral analysis on 20-minute epochs. The motion power over the tremor frequency bandwidth (8-12 Hz in rats; 10-16 Hz in mice) was divided by the motion power over the full motion frequency range (0-15 Hz in rats; 0-34 Hz in mice). The use of these measures greatly reduced data variability, permitting experiments with small sample sizes. Three drugs that suppress ET (propranolol, ethanol, and octanol) all significantly suppressed harmaline-induced tremor. We propose that, with this methodology, harmaline-induced tremor may be useful as a preclinical method to identify potential medications for ET.
An active networking approach to service customization (2003)

Active networking is a powerful technology to insert new functionality into networking. We look at how active networking technology can be used to customize network services. We observe that users often want slightly different versions of network services such as multicast and network quality of service. We propose to implement these services as a base service that provides the basic service functionality and a customization code module that allows users to customize the service. The customization module uses a service-specific API to modify service behavior. We compare this architecture with the traditional active networking architecture based on execution environments and active applications. We also present several examples of customizable network services.
Fine-tuning gene networks using simple sequence repeats (2012)

The parameters in a complex synthetic gene network must be extensively tuned before the network functions as designed. Here, we introduce a simple and general approach to rapidly tune gene networks in Escherichia coli using hypermutable simple sequence repeats embedded in the spacer region of the ribosome binding site. By varying repeat length, we generated expression libraries that incrementally and predictably sample gene expression levels over a 1,000-fold range. We demonstrate the utility of the approach by creating a bistable switch library that programmatically samples the expression space to balance the two states of the switch, and we illustrate the need for tuning by showing that the switch's behavior is sensitive to host context. Further, we show that mutation rates of the repeats are controllable in vivo for stability or for targeted mutagenesis--suggesting a new approach to optimizing gene networks via directed evolution. This tuning methodology should accelerate the process of engineering functionally complex gene networks.
Benzoquinone-Promoted Reaction of O<sub>2</sub> with a Pd<sup>II</sup>−Hydride (2011)

Benzoquinone (BQ) and O(2) are among the most common stoichiometric oxidants in Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions. The present study provides rare insights into mechanistic differences between BQ and O(2) in their reactivity with a well-defined Pd-hydride complex, Pd(IMes)(2)(H)(O(2)CPh) (1). BQ promotes the reductive elimination of PhCO(2)H from 1 and catalyzes the formation of a Pd(II)-OOH complex when this reaction is carried out under aerobic conditions. These results have important implications for Pd-catalyzed oxidation reactions.
SYN-ANTI ISOMERISM OF p-CHLOROBENZALDOXIME WITH BORON FLUORIDE<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYN-ANTI ISOMERISM OF p-CHLOROBENZALDOXIME WITH BORON FLUORIDE1CHARLES R. HAUSER and DAVID S. HOFFENBERGCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 11, 1491–1495Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01128a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01128a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Construction of a Shuttle Vector for Inducible Gene Expression in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis (1988)

The construction of a shuttle vector for inducible gene expression allowing fast and easy cloning in Escherichia coli and subsequent transformation of Bacillus subtilis is presented. The expression is based on the regulation of the tac promoter by the Lac repressor which was assayed with the xylE gene from Pseudomonas putida as a marker gene. The lacIq gene, transcribed by the strong spo promoter, allowed full repression of the weak tac promoter.
The Responsibilities of Olympic Sponsors? BP and the London 2012 Olympic Games (2013)

In 2008, the London Organising Committee of the Olympic Games (LOCOG) announced that they had signed a $58 million (US) sponsorship agreement with British Petroleum (BP), an oil company with well-known environmental concerns and offenses. The current case is set in July 2010 amidst BP’s most recent, and largest, environmental incident. The purpose of this case is to answer a key question: What action (if any) should LOCOG take with respect to its partnership with BP given the Gulf Coast oil spill? Additionally, students are challenged to form opinions regarding the environmental and social responsibilities of an Olympic sponsor, and to develop a strategic plan and policies for Olympic partners related to their environmental and social actions in the future.