gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large stroke high force pneumatic actuators fabricated by SU-8 micromachining (2009)

Applications where a microsystem has to interface with the outside world are often face the rather small force output or stroke that a typical microfabricated actuator can generate. However, microscale piston-cylinder pneumatic or hydraulic actuators offer a significant improvement of the stroke and force output of microactuators. For the first time, a process is presented that enables batch fabrication of such actuators by a lithographic process based on SU-8 photoepoxy. The total volume of the smallest of these actuators is a mere ~1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The maximum force obtained is 37 mN for an applied pressure of 10 bars. The actuator stroke is 1.1 mm.
Elevated Serum Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) in Solid‐Organ Transplant Recipients Is Positively Associated With Tissue Destruction and IL‐6 Gene Expression in the Periodontium (2006)

Periodontal tissue destruction and local IL-6 synthesis are associated with elevated serum IL-6 levels in transplant recipients. This may have serious implications in solid-organ transplant deterioration and chronic rejection.
Abstract 81: Role of GRM1 in breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Despite epidemiologic studies suggesting a link between melanoma and breast cancer, molecular mechanisms leading to these associations have not been elucidated. Overexpression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (GRM1) has been implicated in melanomagenesis. Its primary action occurs through activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and other pathways through intracellular calcium release. A recent study implicated GRM1 as playing a role in angiogenesis in hormone receptor negative breast cancer. However, the role of GRM1 in hormone receptor positive disease is yet to be described. Given the associations between melanoma and breast cancer, we evaluated three SNPs in GRM1 for genotype associations with breast cancer clinicopathologic variables using DNA isolated from peripheral blood of 1,096 breast cancer patients. Our study found that a SNP in GRM1 resulting in a proline to serine substitution correlates with age at diagnosis of breast cancer and reflects the receptor status of the breast cancer, e.g. for progesterone receptor positive (PR+) disease, proline carriers were diagnosed 8 years earlier than serine carriers. Genotype-specific associations with risk of developing specific molecular subtypes of breast cancer were observed, i.e. serine carriers were twice as likely to develop estrogen receptor positive (ER+) and PR+ disease. Furthermore, carrying the proline isoform also correlated with higher risk of recurrence of breast cancer and shorter time to recurrence. Immunohistochemical evaluation of breast microarrays showed that GRM1 expression is higher in breast cancers as compared to normal tissue and is higher in ER+ as compared to ER- breast cancers. This parallels higher expression observed in ER+ breast cancer cells lines in comparison to ER- lines. In vitro studies with breast cancer cell lines were also performed to evaluate the expression of GRM1 as a function of hormone exposure and cell line receptor status. Treatment of ER+ cell lines with estradiol resulted in increased GRM1, while tamoxifen decreased expression. Gene expression data on ER+ breast cancers treated with tamoxifen were reanalyzed for association between GRM1 expression and recurrence. Analysis of breast cancers treated with tamoxifen from an independent cohort demonstrated that high expressors of GRM1 have a worse distant recurrence free survival. The results of these studies implicate GRM1 in hormone receptor positive breast cancer biology. Additional knowledge regarding the interaction between GRM1 and hormone signaling could have significant implications in breast cancer risk, prevention, and treatment. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 81. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-81
MIXED SPECIES IN INTENSE NEUTRAL BEAMS (1974)

Present high-current ion sources for neutral injection experiments accelerate a mixture of atomic and molecular hydrogen species that are converted into neutral particles with different energies and neutralization efficiencies.Beam composition can have important effects on injection system efficiency, vacuum system design, and first-wall loading.Measured and inferred neutralization efficiencies for the LBL high-current sources are given. *. .
Characterization of Via Etching in CHF<sub>3</sub>/CF<sub>4</sub>Magnetically Enhanced Reactive Ion Etching Using Neural Networks (2002)

This study characterizes an oxide etching process in a magnetically enhanced reactive ion etching (MERIE) reactor with a CHF3/CF4 gas chemistry. We use a statistical 24-1 experimental design plus one center point to characterize the relationships between the process factors and etch responses. The factors that we varied in the design include RF power, pressure, and gas composition, and the modeled etch responses were the etch rate, etch selectivity to TiN, and uniformity. The developed models produced 3D response plots. Etching of SiO2 mainly depends on F density and ion bombardment. SiO2 etch selectivity to TiN sensitively depends on the F density in the plasma and the effects of ion bombardment. The process conditions for a high etch selectivity are a 0.3 to 0.5 CF4 flow ratio and a –600 V to –650 V DC bias voltage according to the process pressure in our experiment. Etching uniformity was improved with an increase in the CF4 flow ratio in the gas mixture, an increase in the source power, and a higher pressure. Our characterization of via etching in a CHF3/CF4 MERIE using neural networks was successful, economical, and effective. The results provide highly valuable information about etching mechanisms and optimum etching conditions.
A rate control method with preanalysis for real-time MPEG-2 video coding (2002)

This paper proposes a bit rate control method with a preanalysis for real-time MPEG-2 video coding. The rate control method allocates bits to pictures according to picture coding complexities obtained from the preanalysis. The bit allocation is adjusted to satisfy the VBV constraints. The method is evaluated by MPEG-2 video encoding experiments for sequences whose characteristics significantly change, such as scene changes or fade scenes. The experimental results show that the picture quality is improved by the proposed control method. The PSNR is 2 to 3 dB higher than the conventional method without a preanalysis in difficult scene periods. The method is very effective when a certain coding delay is allowed.
Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. (2004)

There has been substantial interest in mindfulness as an approach to reduce cognitive vulnerability to stress and emotional distress in recent years. However, thus far mindfulness has not been defined operationally. This paper describes the results of recent meetings held to establish a consensus on mindfulness and to develop conjointly a testable operational definition. We propose a two-component model of mindfulness and specify each component in terms of specific behaviors, experiential manifestations, and implicated psychological processes. We then address issues regarding temporal stability and situational specificity and speculate on the conceptual and operational distinctiveness of mindfulness. We conclude this paper by discussing implications for instrument development and briefly describing our own approach to measurement.
FlexFlow: Workflow for Interactive Internet Applications (2002)

In this paper, we present a state-machine based workflow system, named FlexFlow, which formally describes business processes with state charts. The FlexFlow system uses these descriptions to directly control the execution of the applications. We give a description of the FlexFlow process model and the underlying FlexFlow engine, and explain how FlexFlow can be used in commercial platforms for B2B e-commerce.
Down regulation of Akirin-2 increases chemosensitivity in human glioblastomas more efficiently than Twist-1 (2015)

The Twist-1 transcription factor and its interacting protein Akirin-2 regulate apoptosis. We found that in glioblastomas, highly malignant brain tumors, Akirin-2 and Twist-1 were expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive tumor regions as well as in tumor endothelial cells and infiltrating macrophages / microglia. Temozolomide (TMZ) induced the expression of both molecules, partly shifting their nuclear to cytosolic localization. The knock-down (kd) of Akirin-2 increased the activity of cleaved (c)Caspase-3/-7, the amounts of cCaspases-3, -7 and cPARP-1 and resulted in an increased number of apoptotic cells after TMZ exposure. Glioblastoma cells containing decreased amounts of Akirin-2 after kd contained increased amounts of cCaspase-3 as determined by the ImageStreamx Mark II technology. For Twist-1, similar results were obtained with the exception that the combination of TMZ treatment and Twist-1 kd failed to significantly reduce chemoresistance compared with controls. This could be attributed to a cell population containing only slightly increased cCaspase-3 together with decreased Twist-1 levels, which was clearly larger than the respective population observed under Akirin-2 kd. Our results showed that, compared with Twist-1, Akirin-2 is the more promising target for RNAi strategies antagonizing Twist-1/Akirin-2 facilitated glioblastoma cell survival.
Generation of 420-nm emission by direct frequency doubling of injection-locked GaAIAs array output using KNbO3 (1988)

Direct second harmonic generation using a GaAIAs laser diode and KNbO 3 offers the possibility of efficient generation in the 400-450-nm spectral range. However, the SHG efficiency using laser diodes has been limited in the past by their relatively low available power output and/or poor spectral and beam quality. Recently, significant progress has been made in obtaining a diffraction- limited beam from a high-power laser diode array by injection locking. 1 A single-lobe far-field beam with 70-80 % of the output power contained in the diffraction-limited lobe has been demonstrated in a 500-mW gain-guided laser array. 2 The high electrical to optical conversion efficiency, high-power and diffraction-limited output characteristics of injection-locked arrays make them suitable sources for SHG. With 180 mW of cw array output coupled into a temperature tuned KNbO 3 , 0.24 mW of 420- nm output was obtained. The a -cut 3- X 3.7- X 6- mm KNbO 3 crystal was mounted in a thermoelectrically temperature-controlled enclosure. A linearly polarized output of array at 842.5 nm was phase matched noncritically at -22.75°C with a measured halfwidth of temperature tuning range at 0. 5.°C. The results correspond to a 30-dB improvement over previously demonstated power in cw SHG using laser diode sources. 3
Mechanism of Genetic Complementation of Ammonium Transport in Yeast by Human Erythrocyte Rh-associated Glycoprotein (2004)

The Rh blood group proteins are erythrocyte proteins important in neonatal and transfusion medicine. Recent studies have shed new light on the possible biological function of Rh proteins as members of a conserved family of proteins involved in ammonium transport. The erythrocyte Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG) mediates uptake of ammonium when expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, and functional studies indicate that RhAG might function as an NH(4)(+)-H(+)-exchanger. To further delineate the functional properties of RhAG, in this study we have expressed RhAG in both a Saccharomyces cerevisiae ammonium-transport mutant (mep1Delta mep2Delta mep3Delta) and a wild-type strain. RhAG was able to complement the transport mutant, with complementation strictly pH-dependent, requiring pH 6.2-6.5. RhAG also conferred resistance to methylamine (MA), a toxic analog of ammonium, and expression in wild-type cells revealed that resistance was correlated with efflux of MA. RhAG-mediated resistance was pH-dependent, being optimal at acid pH. The opposite pH dependence of ammonium complementation (uptake) and MA resistance (efflux) is consistent with bidirectional movement of substrate counter to the direction of the proton gradient. This report clarifies and expands previous observations of RhAG-mediated transport in yeast and supports the hypothesis that ammonium transport is coupled to the H(+) gradient and that RhAG functions as a NH(4)(+)/H(+) exchanger.
Effect of occlusion on human skin (1995)

In order to investigate the effect of occlusion on the skin, the flexor sides of both upper arms were covered with column-shaped with column-shaped closed chambers, 30 mm in outer diameter, 20 mm in inner diameter, and 5 mm in height, which were made of polyethylene foam. The tops of the chambers were sealed by plastic films with various levels of water vapor permeability to control moisture in each chamber. The raised chamber walls prevented direct contact between the skin and the plastic film. After 24 h of application, morphological changes of the skin surface were observed microscopically by the nitrocellulose-replica method. Although no visual alterations were found on all areas of occluded skin, microscopic evaluation showed that simple occlusion by films induced an increase in the number of deepened skin furrows on the skin surface. this increase was associated with lower water vapor permeability of the films, as well as with higher values of both temperature and humidity of the test day. Thus, since conditions which facilitate perspiration from the skin tend to cause skin irritation, prolonged exposure of the skin to sweat by simple occlusion may act as a primary skin irritant.
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Indoor Localization with CSI Images (2018)

With the increasing demand of location-based services, Wi-Fi based localization has attracted great interest because it provides ubiquitous access in indoor environments. In this paper, we propose CiFi, deep convolutional neural networks (DCNN) for indoor localization with commodity 5GHz WiFi. Leveraging a modified device driver, we extract phase data of channel state information (CSI), which is used to estimate the angle of arrival (AoA). We then create estimated AoA images as input to a DCNN, to train the weights in the offline phase. The location of mobile device is predicted based using the trained DCNN and new CSI AoA images. We implement the proposed CiFi system with commodity Wi-Fi devices in the 5GHz band and verify its performance with extensive experiments in two representative indoor environments.
Information System Model and Architecture Generator (1985)

The advent of integrated, shared-data systems has made it increasingly necessary to address the application development process from the architectural and manufacturing perspective rather than from a build-as-you-go job shop viewpoint. Although the Business Systems Planning (BSP) methodology provides an enterprise-wide strategic Information Systems plan, it is still at an abstraction level that leaves the traditional gap between “requirements” and implementations untouched. The Information System Model and Architecture Generator (ISMOD) tool complements and enhances BSP by mechanizing the planning process, thus providing a facility to narrow this gap by allowing orderly and consistent top-to-bottom architectural decomposition of the enterprise environment. It is an enterprise planning vehicle and not an implementation system, but it is the first critical component to support an integrated systems architecture effort. It automates and, to a large extent, formalizes a laborious requirements documentation process preceding code development, and it does this “top to bottom,” from a global, enterprise-wide, information requirements viewpoint. This paper discusses the overall architectural concepts of integrated data systems development, the place of ISMOD within it, and the specific facilities, techniques, and information provided by the system.
Validation of Lucigenin (Bis-N-methylacridinium) as a Chemilumigenic Probe for Detecting Superoxide Anion Radical Production by Enzymatic and Cellular Systems (1998)

Lucigenin is most noted for its wide use as a chemiluminescent detector of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) production by biological systems. However, its validity as a O2-.-detecting probe has recently been questioned in view of its ability to undergo redox cycling in several in vitro enzymatic systems, which produce little or no O2-.. Whether and to what extent lucigenin redox cycling occurs in systems that produce significant amounts of O2-. has not been carefully investigated. We examined and correlated three end points, including sensitive measurement of lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence (LDCL), O2 consumption by oxygen polarography, and O2-. production by 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trapping to characterize the potential of lucigenin to undergo redox cycling and as such to act as an additional source of O2-. in various enzymatic and cellular systems. Marked LDCL was elicited at lucigenin concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 microM in all of the O2-.-generating systems examined, including xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine, lipoamide dehydrogenase/ NADH, isolated mitochondria, mitochondria in intact cells, and phagocytic NADPH oxidase. These concentrations of lucigenin were far below those that stimulated additional O2 consumption or O2-. production in the above systems. Moreover, a significant linear correlation between LDCL and superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction was observed in the XO/ xanthine and phagocytic NADPH oxidase systems. In contrast to the above O2-.-generating systems, no LDCL was observed at non-redox cycling concentrations of lucigenin in the glucose oxidase/glucose and XO/NADH systems, which do not produce a significant amount of O2-.. Thus, LDCL still appears to be a valid probe for detecting O2-. production by enzymatic and cellular sources.
A Controlled Trial of Bovine Dialyzable Leukocyte Extract for Cryptosporidiosis in Patients with AIDS (1990)

Cryptosporidial infection causes severe diarrheal disease in patients with AIDS. Fourteen patients with AIDS and symptomatic cryptosporidiosis were treated with a specific bovine dialyzable leukocyte extract (immune DLE) prepared from lymph node lymphocytes of calves immunized with cryptosporidia or a nonspecific (nonimmune) DLE prepared from nonimmunized calves. Six of 7 patients given immune DLE gained weight and had a decrease in bowel movement frequency, with eradication of oocysts from stool in 5 patients. Six of 7 patients given nonimmune DLE showed no decrease in bowel movement and 4, no clearing of oocytes from stool; 5 continued to lose weight. Subsequently, 5 of these 7 were treated with immune DLE; 4 had a decrease in bowel movement frequency and significant weight gain, with eradication of oocytes from stool in 2 patients. Immune DLE produces sustained symptomatic improvement in patients with AIDS and active cryptosporidiosis, but lack of an appropriate cryptosporidial antigen allows only postulation that an augmentation of cellular immunity to Cryptosporidium parvum induced by immune DLE resulted in the microbiologic and clinical improvement observed.
<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>exoantigen is a member of a 160 kDa gene family (1995)

During the chronic stage of Chagas disease a 160 kDa antigen appears in the blood of patients and remains detectable many years after the onset of the disease. This antigen is secreted by the trypomastigote form of the parasite while it is undetectable in the epimastigote form. We report here that the chronic 160 kDa exoantigen is encoded by a gene family (CEA 160 family). We describe the cloning and partial nucleotide sequence of a gene (CEA 160-1) belonging to the CEA160 family. Comparison of the gene sequence with other sequences present in the databases revealed homologies with several Trypanosoma cruzi surface antigens. Highest amino acid identity (59%) was with members of a family containing epitopes that mimic nervous tissues (Van Voorhis et al. 1993). Another related group (18-22% amino acid identity) comprises proteins of 85 or 160 kDa sharing an amino acid motif that is conserved among bacterial neuraminidases (Fouts et al. 1991; Pollevick et al. 1991; Kahn et al. 1991; Takle & Cross, 1991; Franco et al. 1993). The amino acid identities with the different antigens were not homogeneously distributed. Regions of higher identity (40-60%) were grouped in the central region of each protein.
Threshold Counters with Increments and Decrements. (1999)

A threshold counter is a shared data structure that assumes integer v ues. It provides two operations: Increment changes the current counter val from v to v #1, while Read returns the value #v#w#,wherev is the curre counter value and w is a fixed constant. Thus, the Read operation retur the &quot;approximate&quot; value of the counter to within the constant w.Thresho counters have many potential uses, including software barrier synchroniz tion. Threshold networks are a class of distributed data structures that c be used to construct highly-concurrent, low-contention implementations shared threshold counters. In this paper, we give the first proof that a threshold network construction of a threshold counter can be extended support a Decrement operation that changes the counter value from v v# 1. Keywords Distributed Computing, Threshold Counters, Threshold and Weak Thr Networks, Increments, Decrements # A preliminary version of this work appears in the Proceedings of the 6th International C on Structural Information and Communication Complexity, pp. 47--61, Proceedings in Info Carleton Scientific, Lacanau, France, June/July 1999. This work has been supported by DMS-9505949. 1 2 Accepted to Theoretical Computer S 1
An Improved Personalized Recommendation Technique for E-Commerce Portal (2008)

This paper proposes an enhanced recommendation technique for personalized e-commerce portal analyzing various attitudes of customer. The attitudes are classifies into three types such as purchasing product, adding product to shopping cart, and viewing the product information. We implicitly track customer attitude to estimate the rating of products for recommending products. We classified user groups which have similar preference for each item using implicit user behavior. The preference similarity is estimated using the Cross Correlation Coefficient. Our recommendation technique shows a high degree of accuracy as we use age and gender to group the customers with similar preference. In the experimental section, we show that our method can provide better performance than other traditional recommender system in terms of accuracy.