gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rainfall Estimation Using Radar Observations (1988)

Radar and pluviometer registrations were compared for three storm events to investigate the possible use of the Bureau of Meteorology radar installation at Letterbox in N.S.W. to measure rainfall. Radar information was gathered by photographing a sequence of monitor presentations during the storms. The method is relatively crude for several reasons, such as difficult spatial resolution, fairly large time intervals between instantaneous observations and insufficient meteorological data for the precise determination of the effects of topographical interference. Consequently, the results could not provide an assessment of the reliability of the radar/rainfall estimates, although comparisons were sufficiently uniform to encourage furture research. An outline is given of means of overcoming various problems encountered in obtaining rainfall data from P.P.I. screens. These include such items as the influence of attenuation and ground echoes. Attention is also given to aspects of radar rainfall assessment that could easily be computerised.
Critical Evaluation of Flexor-Tendon Healing and Adhesion Formation within Artificial Digital Sheaths (1963)

1. This study has confirmed an earlier report that canine flexor digitorum profundus tendons divided and repaired within the flexor digital sheath are healed by the cellular activity of the sheath and surrounding tissues and not by any intrinsic tenoblastic proliferation. 2. Blocking tubes placed about sites of tendon repair require the healing cellular and vascular elements of the sheath to grow beneath the tubing to reach wound sites. Healing of tendons is thereby delayed or prevented, or both, entirely and is often preceded by tendon degeneration. 3. When tendon healing does occur within blocking tubes of polyethylene and millipore, it is often through the medium of a dense, granular, ungliding vascular sear which is slow to mature. In all events, gross and histological observations reveal two sets of thick adhesions at tube ends rather than the mild filmy adhesions at the wound sites normally expected if no tubing is used.
Cardiac Expression of Deiodinase type 3 (Dio3) Following Myocardial Infarction Is Associated With the Induction of a Pluripotency microRNA Signature from the Dlk1-Dio3 Genomic Region (2013)

The adult heart has almost completely lost the proliferative potential of the fetal heart. Instead, loss of cardiomyocytes due to myocardial infarction (MI) leads to a limited, and often insufficient, hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in the spared myocardium. This response is still characterized by a partial reexpression of the fetal gene program. Because of the suggested involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cardiac remodeling, we examined the miRNA expression profile of the spared left ventricular myocardium using a MI mouse model. C57Bl/6J mice of either sex were randomly assigned to the sham-operated group or MI group. MI was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery. One week after surgery RNA was isolated from the left ventricle. MiRNA analysis was performed using the Taqman Megaplex rodent array. Unexpectedly, we found a set of 29 up-regulated miRNAs originating from the Dlk1-Dio3 genomic imprinted region, which has been identified as a hallmark of pluripotency and proliferation. This miRNA signature was associated with a 6-fold increase in expression of the deiodinase type 3 gene (Dio3) located in this region. Dio3 is a fetally expressed thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme associated with cell proliferation, which was shown to be up-regulated in cardiomyocytes creating a local hypothyroid condition in the spared myocardium in this model. These data suggest that a regenerative process is initiated, but not completed, in adult cardiomyocytes after MI. The identified miRNA signature could provide new ways to manipulate the in vivo response of adult cardiomyocytes to stress and to increase the regenerative capacity of the injured myocardium.
Controlled release of proteins from poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) coated polyisobutylcyanoacrylate microcapsules (1994)

Abstract Poly( L ‐lactic acid)‐coated polyisobutylcyanoacrylate microcapsules containing protein molecules were prepared by a single‐step procedure based on either a double‐emulsion‐solvent evaporation method or a spray‐drying method. First, an aqueous protein solution was emulsified in an organic phase of methylene chloride containing a wall‐forming monomer (isobutylcyanoacrylate), various kinds of poly( L ‐lactic acid), and a surfactant. An immediate polymerization process of isobutylcyanoacrylate takes place at the W/O interface upon contact with hydroxide ion in the aqueous phase, leading to the formation of a polyisobutylcyanoacrylate wall around the aqueous droplets. This W/O emulsion was reemulsified in an aqueous solution to promote the solvent removal and, consequently, the precipitation of poly( L ‐lactic acid) onto polyisobutylcyanoacrylate microcapsules or was spraydried to directly deposit the poly( L ‐lactic acid) on the wall. Three proteins, bovine serum albumin, horseradish peroxidase, and tetanus toxoid, were encapsulated in these poly( L ‐lactic acid)‐coated polyisobutylcyanoacrylate microcapsules, and then their release profiles were examined in vitro as a function of molecular weight of poly( L ‐lactic acid) and its copolymers with glycolic acid. These formulations exhibited a low “burst” effect at initial incubation stages and released the proteins for extended periods of time. Subcutaneous injections of the tetanus toxoid‐loaded microparticles into rats showed that the time course of immunization (antibody titer) can be controlled by the type of polymer matrices used. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel low-power adiabatic SRAM with an energy-efficient line driver (2004)

A novel 64/spl times/64 bit adiabatic SRAM is designed using 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. An adiabatic line driver, which does not have non-adiabatic loss on output loads through using feedback control from the next-stage buffer, is used to recover the charge of the large switching capacitance on the bit-lines and word-lines in a fully adiabatic manner. The power consumption of the proposed SRAM is significantly reduced because the energy transferred to the large capacitance buses is mostly recovered. The energy and functional simulations are performed using the net-list extracted from the layout. HSPICE simulation results indicate energy savings of 75% to 85%, as compared to the conventional CMOS implementation, for clock rates ranging from 25 to 200 MHz.
Exploiting the genetic and biochemical capacities of bacteria for the remediation of heavy metal pollution (2002)

The threat of heavy metal pollution to public health and wildlife has led to an increased interest in developing systems that can remove or neutralise its toxic effects in soil, sediments and wastewater. Unlike organic contaminants, which can be degraded to harmless chemical species, heavy metals cannot be destroyed. Remediating the pollution they cause can therefore only be envisioned as their immobilisation in a non-bioavailable form, or their re-speciation into less toxic forms. While these approaches do not solve the problem altogether, they do help to protect afflicted sites from noxious effects and isolate the contaminants as a contained and sometimes recyclable residue. This review outlines the most important bacterial phenotypes and properties that are (or could be) instrumental in heavy metal bioremediation, along with what is known of their genetic and biochemical background. A variety of instances are discussed in which valuable properties already present in certain strains can be combined or improved through state-of-the-art genetic engineering. In other cases, knowledge of metal-related reactions catalysed by some bacteria allows optimisation of the desired process by altering the physicochemical conditions of the contaminated area. The combination of genetic engineering of the bacterial catalysts with judicious eco-engineering of the polluted sites will be of paramount importance in future bioremediation strategies.
Phimsy (1969)

Our growing Gamow Collection; Physics has versatility; American physicist on a coin.
A Primer on Multivariate Calibration (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Primer on Multivariate CalibrationEdward V. ThomasCite this: Anal. Chem. 1994, 66, 15, 795A–804APublication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online6 June 2012Published inissue 1 August 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00087a722RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views310Altmetric-Citations167LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (8 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Design for testability for future digital avionics systems (1988)

The authors describe an integrated testing approach called the Maintenance and Diagnostic System (MADS), which was developed for digital avionics systems using VHSIC and semicustom devices. Mission/operational requirements dictate high availability with capability to detect 98% of all faults and isolate 90% of these faults to a line replacement module (LRM) or 95% of the faults to two LRMs. MADS achieves these goals by defining a module maintenance node (MMN) chip set for each LRM in the system and the design for testability concepts for hardware. The MMN aids parallel, high-speed testing of LRMs, isolating the fault(s) to a module/chip level while incurring less than 10% overhead. It uses the concepts of scan set design, pseudorandom test vector generation, output response compression, and separate scan set loops to test the SSI-MSI logic on the LRM. It also stores interim test results and run-time fault information to isolate the hard-to-reproduce failures and performs verification of interchip and intermodule wiring.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simulation and Validation of Porosity and Permeability of Synthetic and Real Rock Models Using Three-Dimensional Printing and Digital Rock Physics (2021)

A standard digital rock physics workflow aims to simulate petrophysical properties of rock samples using few millimeter size subsets scanned with X-ray microtomography at a high resolution of around 1 μm. The workflow is mainly based on image analysis and simulation procedures at a subset scale leading to potential uncertainties and errors that cannot be quantified experimentally. To overcome the gap between scales, we propose to integrate three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to generate enlarged subsets at a scale where experimental measurements are feasible to validate simulated results. In this study, we 3D printed synthetic and real samples and compared digital and experimental rock properties. The most challenging phase in the workflow consists of the difficulties encountered while cleaning the 3D printed samples to remove the support material. Results for subsets extracted from synthetic, sandstone, and carbonate samples showed good agreement between digital and experimental measurements for porosity values less than 12% and a range of permeability values between 100 and 2000 mD.
PIM1 encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that is required for mitochondrial function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1994)

The PIM1 nuclear gene in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that exhibits over 30% identity with ATP-dependent protease La from Escherichia coli, Lon from Bacillus brevis, and one from Myxococcus xanthus. In addition, Pim1 is 1133 amino acids long and has a putative mitochondrial import signal in the N-terminal region. Enzymatic comparisons of normal PIM1+ and deficient pim1-delta strains revealed that the ATP-dependent protease is located within the mitochondrial matrix. The pim1-delta strains are unable to utilize nonfermentable substrates as the sole carbon source and are unable to maintain functional mitochondrial DNA, indicating that the Pim1 protease is required for mitochondrial function. PIM1 mRNA is constitutively expressed but is increased after thermal stress, suggesting that Pim1 may play a role in the heat shock response.
Urocortin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy in obese <i>db/db</i> mice (2008)

Urocortin could significantly ameliorate diabetic nephropathy and this effect was mediated via the CRF receptor.
Bitext maps and alignment via pattern recognition (1999)

This article advances the state of the art ofbitext mapping by formulating the problem in terms of pattern recognition. From this point of view, the success of a bitext mapping algorithm hinges on how well it performs three tasks: signal generation, noise filtering, and search. The Smooth Injective Map Recognizer (SIMR) algorithm presented here integrates innovative approaches to each of these tasks. Objective evaluation has shown that SIMR&apos;s accuracy is consistently high for language pairs as diverse as French/English and Korean/English. If necessary, S IMR&apos;s bitext maps can be efficiently converted into segment alignments using the Geometric Segment Alignment (GSA) algorithm, which is also presented here. SIMR has produced bitext maps for over 200 megabytes of French-English bitexts. GSA has converted these maps into alignments. Both the maps and the alignments are available from the Linguistic Data Consortium) 1.
Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptor 1 Expression in Human Myometrium and Uterine Leiomyomas1 (2010)

Leiomyomas or fibroids are the most frequently diagnosed tumors of the female genital tract, and their growth seems to be steroid-hormone dependent by a yet undetermined cellular and molecular mechanism. Sexual hormones induce the secretion of growth factor peptides and the expression of their receptors, stimulating cell proliferation. One of these factors is neurotensin, and increasing evidence suggests that it can promote growth of different cancer cells. Since there are no data on neurotensin expression in normal and tumoral uterine tissue, we have analyzed the expression of NTS and NTSR1 receptor using immunohistochemistry for protein detection, in situ hybridization to detect cells expressing NTS mRNA, and RT-PCR to detect NTSR1 transcript as well as any of the alternative splice variants recently described for this receptor. We found that NTS and NTSR1 are expressed in connective cells of normal myometrium. In leiomyomas, immunoreactivity for NTS and NTSR1 receptor is colocalized in the smooth muscle cells that are also transcribing NTS. Women receiving high doses of steroids for in vitro fertilization showed tumor growth and increased immunoreactivity for neurotensin and NTSR1 receptor. Interestingly, alternative splice variants of NTSR1 receptor were detected only in tumoral tissue. These findings suggest a role of steroid hormones inducing neurotensin expression in leiomyoma smooth muscle cells. In these cells, NTS could act autocrinally through NTSR1 receptor, promoting their proliferation.
Fe/Rh (100) multilayer magnetism probed by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (1997)

We report the layer-averaged magnetic moments of both Fe and Rh in sputtered Fe/Rh (100) multilayer thin films as measured by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism. We observe two distinct regimes in these films. The first is characterized by Rh moments of at least 1${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B},$ Fe moments enhanced as much as 30% above bulk, and a bct crystal structure. The second regime is distinguished by sharp declines of both Fe and Rh moments accompanied by a transition to an fct crystal lattice. The demarcation between the two regions is identified as the layer thickness for which both bct and fct phases first coexist, which we term the critical thickness ${t}_{\mathrm{crit}}.$ We attribute the change in magnetic behavior to the structural transformation.
A Hyaluronic Acid Membrane Delivery System for Cultured Keratinocytes: Clinical ???Take??? Rates in the Porcine Kerato-Dermal Model (1997)

The clinical take rates of cultured keratinocyte autografts are poor on a full-thickness wound unless a dermal bed is provided. Even under these circumstances two important problems are the time delay in growing autografts and the fragility of the grafts. A laser-perforated hyaluronic acid membrane delivery system allows grafting at early confluence without requiring dispase digestion to release grafts from their culture dishes. We designed this study to investigate the influence of this membrane on clinical take rates in an established porcine kerato-dermal grafting model. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in take as a result of halving the keratinocyte seeding density onto the membrane. The take rates, however, of grafts grown on the membrane at half or full conventional seeding density and transplanted to a dermal wound bed were comparable, if not better, than those of keratinocyte sheet grafts.
Meningitis (1991)

In many pediatric infectious disease programs, ceftriaxone or cefotaxime is now the preferred drug for bacterial meningitis caused by H. influenzae, meningococci, and pneumococci. Ceftriaxone reaches a high bactericidal titer in the cerebrospinal fluid and persists at the site of infection longer than any other beta-lactam antibiotic. Short-course, once-daily therapy with ceftriaxone requires more study; currently, many pediatricians administer the agent twice daily for suspected or proven meningitis. Given the association of sequelae with prolongation of positive CSF cultures, ceftriaxone's rapid bactericidal activity is an advantage, which may require an adjunctive agent to block the inflammatory response due to antibiotic-induced release of endotoxin and other cell wall components. As empiric therapy, ceftriaxone is effective in infants and children three months to 18 years old. It is not yet recommended in neonates, because of concerns about bilirubin displacement. Thus, infants up to three months of age should receive ampicillin plus cefotaxime. In adults, ceftriaxone is effective therapy for presumed bacterial meningitis but must be combined with ampicillin initially, since L. monocytogenes meningitis cannot be excluded in most cases until CSF culture results are available.
The Fetal Fibroblast (1995)

Human fetal skin heals without scar formation when it is transplanted to a subcutaneous location on an adult athymic mouse and subsequently wounded. In contrast, human fetal skin of identical gestational age heals with scar formation when transplanted to a cutaneous location on the athymic mouse recipient. To determine if mouse (adult) or human (fetal) fibroblasts are healing the graft wounds, we performed indirect immunohistochemistry for mouse and human collagen types I and III. Full-thickness skin grafts (n = 51) from human fetuses at 18 weeks' (n = 4) or 24 weeks' (n = 2) gestational age were placed onto athymic mice in two locations: cutaneously onto a fascial bed and subcutaneously in a pocket under the murine panniculus carnosus. Linear incisions were made in each graft 7 days after transplantation. Grafts were harvested at 7, 14, and 21 days after wounding and stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Mallory's trichrome. Immunohistochemistry for either human collagen type I or type III or for mouse collagen type I was performed. The subcutaneous grafts healed with human collagen types I and III in a scarless pattern. The wound collagen pattern was reticular and unrecognizable from the surrounding dermis. Hair follicles and sebaceous gland patterns were unchanged in the wounded dermis. Conversely, the cutaneous grafts healed with mouse collagen in a scar pattern with disorganized collagen fibers and no appendages. Mouse collagen scar was present along the base of the cutaneous grafts and as a thin capsule around the subcutaneous grafts. We conclude that (1) subcutaneous grafts heal with human fetal collagen and no scar formation, and (2) cutaneous grafts heal with mouse collagen in a scar pattern. Fetal fibroblasts can heal fetal skin wounds without scar despite being perfused by adult serum and inflammatory cells in an adult environment. These data suggest that the fetal fibroblast is the major effector cell for scarless fetal skin repair.
Cyclins, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases and Cdk Inhibitors: Implications in Cell Cycle Control and Cancer (1995)

A significant portion of cell scientific literature published is dedicated to describing the cloning, the link to cancer, or the characterization of proteins involved in the progression of the cell cycle. With this abundance of information, the cascading pathways of molecular events that occur in the cell cycle are proving to be exceedingly complicated. Originally, the sole regulator of the fission yeast cells division cycle, cdc2, was thought to also regulate mammalian cell cycles in the same manner. However, mammalian cdc2 has now been joined by seven well-characterized relatives acting at distinct points in the cell cycle. These kinases are activated by larger proteins called cyclins, named with respect to their cyclical expression and degradation. Therefore, the catalytic subunits of these complexes are named cyclin-dependent kinases (cdks). In the event that the cell must stop normal cycling behavior, a number of cdk inhibitors, which have only begun to be characterized, function in inhibiting the kinase ability of cdks, among other nonproliferative acts. The external environment manipulates cellular proliferation and differentiation by stimulating or inhibiting certain signal transduction pathways. However, each component of the cell cycle machinery, as they are the final executors in cell division, has the potential to elicit or to contribute to a neoplastic phenotype. This review focuses on the characterization of each member of the cell cycle protein family and also addresses the potential role each plays in cancer.
Exhaust Gas Recirculation in Gas Turbines for Reduction of CO2 Emissions; Combustion Testing with Focus on Stability and Emissions (2005)

Exhaust gas recirculation can be applied with the intention of reducing CO2 emissions. When a fraction of the exhaust gas is injected in the entry of a gas turbine, the amount of CO2 in the exhaust gas not being recirculated will be higher and less complicated to capture. However, with this change in combustion air composition, especially the reduced concentration of oxygen, the combustion process will be affected. The lower oxygen concentration decreases the stability and the increased amount of CO2, H2O and N2 will decrease the combustion temperature and thus, the NOx emissions. Testing has been performed on a 65 kW gas turbine combustor, to investigate the effect of adding N2, CO2 and O2 in the combustion process, with focus on stability and emissions of NOx. Results show that adding N2 and CO2 decreases the NOx emissions, whereas O2 addition increases the NOx emissions. The tests have been performed both in a diffusion flame (pilot burner) and a premixed flame (main burner), and for additives being injected with the fuel or with the air stream. Addition into the fuel stream is proven to affect the NOx emissions the most. The stability limits of the flames are indicated with respect to mass-based additive-to-fuel ratios.