gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans proteins using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (2000)

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is the first animal whose whole 97 Mb genome sequence, encoding ca. 19 000 open reading frames (ORF's), has been essentially determined. We tried to establish a 2-DE map of the nematode proteome by means of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE). A soluble protein fraction of mixed stages of the worm, wild-type strain N2, was applied to 2-D PAGE. After Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB) staining, 1200 spots were detected and 140 major spots were excised from the gel and subjected to in-gel digestion with Achromobacter protease I (lysyl endopeptidase). Resulting peptides were analyzed by matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) followed by peptide mass fingerprinting for protein identification. With this approach we have obtained a two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) protein map in which 69 spots were localized as landmarks for comparison of expression profiles to elucidate the basis of various biological events.
The Multi-Leu Peptide Inhibitor Discriminates Between PACE4 and Furin And Exhibits Antiproliferative Effects On Prostate Cancer Cells (2012)

The proprotein convertases (PCs) play an important role in protein precursor activation through processing at paired basic residues. However, significant substrate cleavage redundancy has been reported between PCs. The question remains whether specific PC inhibitors can be designed. This study describes the identification of the sequence LLLLRVKR, named Multi-Leu (ML)-peptide, that displayed a 20-fold selectivity on PACE4 over furin, two enzymes with similar structural characteristics. We have previously demonstrated that PACE4 plays an important role in prostate cancer and could be a druggable target. The present study demonstrates that the ML-peptide significantly reduced the proliferation of DU145 and LNCaP prostate cancer-derived cell lines and induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. However, the ML-peptide must enter the cell to inhibit proliferation. It is concluded that peptide-based inhibitors can yield specific PC inhibitors and that the ML-peptide is an important lead compound that could potentially have applications in prostate cancer.
A microwave thermistor calorimeter (1956)

The instrument described is an improved continuous-flow water calorimeter for the measurement of microwave powers from a few milliwatts upwards. Thermistors are used to measure the temperature rise of the water; their small size and high sensitivity allows the calorimeter to be relatively rugged, accurate and quick reading. The circuit is a direct reading d.c. bridge, indicating on a microammeter specially calibrated in degrees of temperature rise, and in watts of microwave power at a standard water flow rate.
Fabrication of Nitinol Materials and Components (2002)

As Nitinol emerges to find more and more applications in medical devices and industrial commercial markets, understanding on the effects of material processing becomes increasingly important. More so than other materials, properties of Nitinol are significantly affected by its fabrication processes. There are abundant amounts of processing data available in the industry. However, they are often kept proprietary and not released in the public domain. This paper reviews available publications on Nitinol fabrication processes, such as melting, forming, shaping, treating, cutting, joining and finishing, etc., commonly employed or developed for the manufacture of Nitinol material and components. Effects of these operations on the material properties are discussed.
Selection of optimal antisense accessible sites of survivin and its application in treatment of gastric cancer (2005)

The AAS of survivin could be effectively selected in vitro by random oligonucleotide library/RNase H cleavage method combined with computer software analysis, this has important reference values for further studying survivin-targeted therapy strategies for gastric cancer.
Novel hydrogen sensors using evanescent microwave probes (1999)

Gas sensing using local probes, such as atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopes, enables accurate measurement and detection of very small quantities of gas molecules and chemicals. Here, we report a unique application of the evanescent microwave probes (EMP) in detecting hydrogen. The EMP is extensively used to map resistivity and other nonuniformities in a variety of materials including metals, insulators, semiconductors (both organic and inorganic), composites, and biological specimens. The EMP detects the microwave resistivity of the sample and it has an exponential sensitivity to distance and thickness variations. Here, the EMP is used to detect deflections in a Pd-coated cantilever and to quantify the amount of stress and the resistivity change in the Pd film as a function of hydrogen concentration. The stress was in the range of 5.26–8.59×107 Pa for H2 concentrations of 0.5%–1.4% at room temperature, which is about three times larger than that found in the bulk Pd for the same range of H2 concentrations. The Pd film’s resistivity changed by 13.5% at 3.0%H2 concentration and it resulted in an 18% change in the EMP signal. The EMP with an appropriate frequency can also be used to resonantly detect various physi-absorbed molecules at the surface of an appropriate material as well. We discuss these possibilities along with some specific experimental data.
An Experimental Approach to Prediction of Asphaltene Flocculation (2001)

Abstract Many of the existing models that have been developed to predict the onset of asphaltene flocculation rely on approximations to a full thermodynamic treatment of asphaltene phase behavior and on parameters that are not available except by fitting HTHP data to the model. A much simpler approach has been developed based on experimental measurements of refractive index (RI) at the onset of flocculation for precipitants representing a range of molecular sizes. The onset of asphaltene flocculation is often reported in mixtures of oil, solvent, and asphaltene precipitants. In this work, direct measurements of RI replace estimates of solubility parameters. RI is readily measured and is a good indicator of the ability of the oil to maintain a stable dispersion of asphaltenes. Tests with stock tank oil samples have shown that there is a common trend relating RI at the onset of instability to precipitant molecular size. This observation facilitates predictions of asphaltene instability for a wide range of conditions from as few as one or two onset determinations with precipitants of known molecular size. Results obtained at ambient conditions for stock tank oil can, in principle, be extended to reservoir conditions using standard PVT and compositional data, as demonstrated in this paper.
Application of Self-Tuning to Automotive Cruise Control (1990)

This paper presents an application of a self-tuning method to an automotive cruise control. Auto cruise controls are widely used today for their convenience, but as the vehicles incorporating these controls become more numerous and diverse, load matching makes for problems. This is why the practical realization of a self-tuning system not requiring this matching is needed. We adopted a self-tuning approach using the recursive least-squares method to identify a vehicle model and the pole assignment to obtain the feedback gains. The reason for this adaptive control approach is that the designer can express the control specifications for the automotive cruise control system through pole designation and thereby achieve a comfortable ride. Also, safety is a prerequisite for any automotive speed control system, and with this indirect adaptive control the advantage is that vehicle parameter variation can be consistently monitored, allowing one to pinpoint any trouble immediately and take appropriate measures. We performed simulation and actual road tests to experimentally confirm self-tuning operation. The results showed simultaneous realization of good ride and compliance with the target speed.
Joint Entity Linking with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Entity linking is the task of aligning mentions to corresponding entities in a given knowledge base. Previous studies have highlighted the necessity for entity linking systems to capture the global coherence. However, there are two common weaknesses in previous global models. First, most of them calculate the pairwise scores between all candidate entities and select the most relevant group of entities as the final result. In this process, the consistency among wrong entities as well as that among right ones are involved, which may introduce noise data and increase the model complexity. Second, the cues of previously disambiguated entities, which could contribute to the disambiguation of the subsequent mentions, are usually ignored by previous models. To address these problems, we convert the global linking into a sequence decision problem and propose a reinforcement learning model which makes decisions from a global perspective. Our model makes full use of the previous referred entities and explores the long-term influence of current selection on subsequent decisions. We conduct experiments on different types of datasets, the results show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art systems and has better generalization performance.
Graph-Based Fraud Detection in the Face of Camouflage (2017)

Given a bipartite graph of users and the products that they review, or followers and followees, how can we detect fake reviews or follows? Existing fraud detection methods (spectral, etc.) try to identify dense subgraphs of nodes that are sparsely connected to the remaining graph. Fraudsters can evade these methods using camouflage , by adding reviews or follows with honest targets so that they look “normal.” Even worse, some fraudsters use hijacked accounts from honest users, and then the camouflage is indeed organic. Our focus is to spot fraudsters in the presence of camouflage or hijacked accounts. We propose FRAUDAR, an algorithm that (a) is camouflage resistant, (b) provides upper bounds on the effectiveness of fraudsters, and (c) is effective in real-world data. Experimental results under various attacks show that FRAUDAR outperforms the top competitor in accuracy of detecting both camouflaged and non-camouflaged fraud. Additionally, in real-world experiments with a Twitter follower--followee graph of 1.47 billion edges, FRAUDAR successfully detected a subgraph of more than 4, 000 detected accounts, of which a majority had tweets showing that they used follower-buying services.
Biochemical Features of the MHC-Related Protein 1 Consistent with an Immunological Function (2003)

MHC-related protein (MR)1 is an MHC class I-related molecule encoded on chromosome 1 that is highly conserved among mammals and is more closely related to classical class I molecules than are other nonclassical class I family members. In this report, we show for the first time that both mouse and human MR1 molecules can associate with the peptide-loading complex and can be detected at low levels at the surface of transfected cells. We also report the production of recombinant human MR1 molecules in insect cells using highly supplemented media and provide evidence that the MR1 H chain can assume a folded conformation and is stoichiometrically associated with beta(2)-microglobulin, similar to class I molecules. Cumulatively, these findings demonstrate that surface expression of MR1 is possible but may be limited by a specific ligand or associated molecule.
Using multiple hypotheses in collection condition surveys (2003)

Abstract This article assesses various problems associated with standardised methodologies and forms used in collection condition surveys. Three connected problems were explored: standardised methodology, diagnosticity and induction. These problems can result in interpretational bias when analysing condition data, and the possibility that data could be used to support contradictory conclusions. Using multiple working hypotheses is recommended as a means of relating assessment to specific collections: the process of hypothesis testing is one means of reducing the interpretational bias. The use of a set of hypotheses means that different explanations of the problems can be reviewed at the same time, adding focus to the survey. Generating and testing different hypotheses provides validity to conclusions and a rationale for collection management decisions.
Oral mucositis (2011)

Oral mucositis remains one of the most common and troubling side effects of standard chemoradiation regimens used for the treatment of head and neck cancer. Virtually all patients who receive cumulative radiation doses of more than 30 Gy that includes oral mucosal fields will develop the condition. Not only does mucositis cause extreme discomfort, often necessitating opioid analgesia, but it is also associated with increased use of health resources and cost of treatment. The incremental cost of mucositis in patients with head and neck cancer is more than $17 000 (US). Much has been learned about the pathobiology that underlies the condition. The departure from the historical paradigm of direct cell death as being the primary cause for mucosal injury in favor of a more comprehensive view of the impact of chemoradiation on all the cells of the mucosa, has resulted in a picture of mucositis pathogenesis, which is biologically broad based. Although there are currently few treatment options for oral mucositis at the moment, the recognition that its underlying biology is complex has provided a range of treatment options that are currently being developed.
Dynamic Stress Modeling on Wafer Thinning Process and Reliability Analysis for TSV Wafer (2014)

Through-silicon-via (TSV) technology permits devices to be placed in the third dimension. Currently, there is a strong motivation for the semiconductor industry to move to 3-D integration using the TSV approach due to its many advantages. However, there are some challenges for TSV wafer processes. One of the challenges is TSV wafer thinning process (WTP). In this paper, a dynamic finite element modeling methodology was established and used to study the TSV WTP-induced wafer stress. It was found that wafer surface roughness, TSV wafer thickness, bonding/debonding material, and TSV feature size have impact on TSV wafer stress under the TSV WTP. The impact of wafer thinning-induced stress on mobility change was also discussed in this paper.
The Conundrum of Genetic “Drivers” in Benign Conditions (2016)

Advances in deep genomic sequencing have identified a spectrum of cancer-specific passenger and driver aberrations. Clones with driver anomalies are believed to be positively selected during carcinogenesis. Accumulating evidence, however, shows that genomic alterations, such as those inBRAF,RAS,EGFR,HER2,FGFR3,PIK3CA,TP53,CDKN2A, andNF1/2, all of which are considered hallmark drivers of specific cancers, can also be identified in benign and premalignant conditions, occasionally at frequencies higher than in their malignant counterparts. Targeting these genomic drivers can produce dramatic responses in advanced cancer, but the effects on their benign counterparts are less clear. This benign-malignant phenomenon is well illustrated in studies ofBRAFV600E mutations, which are paradoxically more frequent in benign nevi (∼80%) than in dysplastic nevi (∼60%) or melanoma (∼40%-45%). Similarly, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is more commonly overexpressed in ductal carcinoma in situ (∼27%-56%) when compared with invasive breast cancer (∼11%-20%).FGFR3mutations in bladder cancer also decrease with tumor grade (low-grade tumors, ∼61%; high-grade, ∼11%). "Driver" mutations also occur in nonmalignant settings:TP53mutations in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis andFGFR3mutations in seborrheic keratosis. The latter observations suggest that the oncogenicity of these alterations may be tissue context-dependent. The conversion of benign conditions to premalignant disease may involve other genetic events and/or epigenetic reprogramming. Putative driver mutations can also be germline and associated with increased cancer risk (eg, germlineRASorTP53alterations), but germlineFGFR3orNF2abnormalities do not predispose to malignancy. We discuss the enigma of genetic "drivers" in benign and premalignant conditions and the implications for prevention strategies and theories of tumorigenesis.
Real-Time Warps for Improved Wide-Angle Viewing (2002)

Providingwideangleviewsisoftenadvantageoustoprovidecontext,such as in video conferencing, or when viewing panoramic imagery. Unfortunately,wideangleimagesoftenappeardistorted. Thelimitedimagesizeonmonitorsorpa-pertogetherwithstandardviewingdistances,resultsintheanglesubtendedbytheimagewhenviewedusuallybeingmuchsmallerthantheﬁeldofviewofthecamerathatoriginallycapturedtheimage. Thismismatchisattherootofmanyperceptualproblems. Oneproblemisreﬂectedinvideoconferencingsystemswhereawide-angleviewexaggeratesthedepthoftheroomandmakesthedistantpeoplelookextremelysmall. Otherartifactsincludethe”swimming-motion”whenviewingpanoramicim-agesanddistortionsofobjectsnearthecornersofwideangleimages. Inthispaper,wepresentaclassofsimplereal-timeimagewarpingfunctionsthataddresstheseper-ceptualproblems. Thekeyideaistoperformlocalscalingwhilepreservingtheglobalcontext. Weshowthatthewarpingfunctionseﬀectivelycorrectthedeptherrorsinthevideoconferencingapplicationsresultinginmoreusefulandmeaningfulconferencingpresentations. These warping functions can also be used to remove the swimmingmotion artifacts when viewing panorama images. In addition, we show a speciallydesignedﬁve-lenscameratocaptureandwarpwideangleimagesinrealtimewithoutsacriﬁcingresolution.
Calibration through on-line monitoring of instrument channels (2002)

Plant technical specifications require periodic calibration of instrument channels, and this has traditionally meant calibration at fixed time intervals for nearly all instruments. Experience has shown that unnecessarily frequent calibrations reduce channel availability and reliability, impact outage durations, and increase maintenance costs. An alternative approach to satisfying existing requirements for periodic calibration consists of on-line monitoring and quantitative comparison of instrument channels during operation to identify instrument degradation and failure. A Utility Working Group has been formed by EPRI to support the technical activities necessary to achieve generic NRC acceptance of on-line monitoring of redundant instrument channels as a basis for determining when to perform calibrations. A topical report proposing NRC acceptance of this approach was submitted in August 1995, and the Working Group is currently resolving NRC technical questions. This paper describes the proposed approach and the current status of the topical report with regard to NRC review. While these activities will not preclude utilities from continuing to use existing calibration approaches, successful acceptance of this performance-based approach will allow utilities to substantially reduce the number of calibrations which are performed. Concurrent benefits will include reduced I&C impact on outage durations and improved sensitivity to instrument channel performance.
GRADIENT ENHANCED DAMAGE FOR QUASI-BRITTLE MATERIALS (1996)

Conventional continuum damage descriptions of material degeneration suffer from loss of well-posedness beyond a certain level of accumulated damage. As a consequence, numerical solutions are obtained which are unacceptable from a physical point of view. The introduction of higher-order deformation gradients in the constitutive model is demonstrated to be an adequate remedy to this deficiency of standard damage models. A consistent numerical solution procedure of the governing partial differential equations is presented, which is shown to be capable of properly simulating localization phenomena.
LISP: a southbound SDN protocol? (2015)

The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) splits current IP addresses overlapping semantics of identity and location into two separate names-paces. Since its inception the protocol has gained considerable attention from both industry and academia, motivating several new use cases to be proposed. Despite its inherent control-data decoupling and the abstraction and flexibility it introduces into the network, little has been said about the role of LISP on the SDN paradigm. In this article we try to fill that gap and analyze if LISP can be used for SDN. The article presents a systematic analysis of the relevant SDN requirements and how such requirements can be fulfilled by the LISP architecture and components. This results in a set of benefits (e.g. incremental deployment, scalability, flexibility, interoperability, and inter-domain support) and drawbacks (e.g. extra headers and some initial delay) of using LISP for SDN. In order to validate the analysis, we have built and tested a prototype using the LISPmob open-source implementation.
Sinus/alveolar crest tenting (SACT): a new technique for implant placement in atrophic maxillary ridges without bone grafts or membranes. (2003)

An adequate amount of bone, in both width and height, is required for successful implant placement. When alveolar ridges are severely resorbed, the bone volume must be increased before implants may be placed. A variety of grafting techniques that successfully remedy this limitation have been developed, but they often require multiple surgical procedures and a prolonged healing time. This article describes the sinus/alveolar crest tenting technique, which permits successful implant placement in the severely atrophic posterior maxilla without bone grafts or membranes. Clinical healing is complete after 6 months.
A Theoretical Study of Substitution Effects in Unimolecular Rectifiers (2008)

Abstract The concept of molecular rectifiers introduced by Aviram and Ratner in 1974 has been the starting point of the field of molecular electronics and the possibility of unimolecular rectification has been widely debated ever since. Despite the large amount of publications on this topic over the years, the physical mechanisms leading to this phenomenon have not yet been clarified to the point where a systematic route for enhancing the rectification ratio (RR) of molecules could be suggested. We present here a theoretical study of RR for a range of molecules with a carboxylic group as a bridge between π ‐conjugated chains substituted by nitro and amino groups to improve the rectification. We estimate the RR in two distinct ways, namely: i) as the ratio of the threshold electric fields required to transfer one electron between the donor and acceptor units of the molecule and vice versa, using quantum‐chemical calculations based on the semi‐empirical Hartree–Fock Austin Model 1 (AM1) method, ii) as the ratio of the currents in forward versus reverse bias, as obtained with a non‐equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) approach for charge transport through gold/molecule/gold junctions within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). The trends in RR as a function of the molecular structure agree very well when these two methods are compared and can be explained in terms of the relative position of the nitro group within the generated electrostatic potential. These findings allow us to derive some general conclusions about the physical mechanisms behind unimolecular rectification.