gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance 14nm SOI FinFET CMOS technology with 0.0174&#x00B5;m<sup>2</sup> embedded DRAM and 15 levels of Cu metallization (2014)

We present a fully integrated 14nm CMOS technology featuring finFET architecture on an SOI substrate for a diverse set of SoC applications including HP server microprocessors and LP ASICs. This SOI finFET architecture is integrated with a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> generation deep trench embedded DRAM to provide an ultra-dense (0.0174um <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) memory solution for industry leading ‘scale-out’ processor design. A broad range of Vts is enabled on chip through a unique dual workfunction process applied to both NFETs and PFETs. This enables simultaneous optimization of both lowVt (HP) and HiVt (LP) devices without reliance on problematic approaches like heavy doping or Lgate modulation to create Vt differentiation. The SOI finFET's excellent subthreshold behavior allows gate length scaling to the sub 20nm regime and superior low Vdd operation. This leads to a substantial (>35%) performance gain for Vdd ∼0.8V compared to the HP 22nm planar predecessor technology. At the same time, the exceptional FE/BE reliability enables high Vdd (>1.1V) operation essential to the high single thread performance for processors intended for ‘scale-up’ enterprise systems. A hierarchical BEOL with 15 levels of copper interconnect delivers both high performance wire-ability as well as effective power supply and clock distribution for very large >600mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SoCs.
Automatic and low-cost determination of BET surface areas (1977)

A simple adsorption apparatus for a quick and reproducible determination of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface areas is described. The justification of proposing this device lies particularly in its flexibility, simplicity of construction and low price. The dimensions and the influence of external variables are discussed quantitatively. An adsorption measurement proceeds as follows: the adsorbate (argon) passes through a capillary tube into the adsorption vessel, the flow being constant. The increase of pressure with time is recorded and compared with the blank (empty adsorption vessel). The blank does not depend on the adsorbent. It takes about one hour to determine a surface area of 100 m2. The reproducibility and accuracy are 3% or better for surface areas larger than 10 m2. Surface areas down to 1 m2 can be measured by a suitable decrease of the argon flow.
Novel W2W/C2W Hybrid Bonding Technology with High Stacking Yield Using Ultra-Fine Size, Ultra-High Density Cu Nano-Pillar (CNP) for Exascale 2.5D/3D Integration (2016)

We propose a novel hybrid bonding technology with a high stacking yield using ultra-high density Cu nano-pillar (CNP) for exascale 2.5D/3D integration. To solve the critical issues of current standard hybrid bonding technology, we developed scaled electrodes with slightly extruded structure and unique adhesive layer of anisotropic conductive film composed of untra-fine size, ultra-high density CNP. Multi-number of TEG dies with 7mm x 23mm size are bonded to an interposer wafer by a new hybrid bonding technology. A huge number of electrodes of 4,309,200 composed of scaled electrodes with 3μm diameter and 6μm pitch are formed in each TEG die. We confirmed for the first time that 4,309,200 electrodes per die are successfully connected in series with the joining yield of 100% due to ultra-high density CNP.
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus killer T cells are lethal only in weakly disseminated murine infections. (1982)

Two types of lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) viruses were studied which, upon intracerebral injection into adult C3H mice, provoked either (a) acute fatal central nervous system (CNS) disease or (b) life-long persistent infection. Both virus types, (a) aggressive and (b) docile, had been found to induce LCM-specific lymphocytes with comparable in vitro lytic activity (11). Because the requirement for T cells in the development of adult LCM disease has been extensively documented, we sought other reasons for the lack of acute disease in mice infected with docile virus. A striking correlation was found between the outcome of the infection and spread of virus to visceral organs. Adoptive transfer experiments showed that a 300-plaque forming unit inoculum of docile virus induced a population of T cells in donor mice fully capable of causing CNS disease in identically infected recipients. This disease causing ability was lost if the interaction was delayed beyond 3 d after infection of the recipients, but could be preserved by lowering the size of the viral inoculum in the recipients. Furthermore, without adoptive transfer, very low intracerebral doses of docile virus (which mimicked the normally slow spread of aggressive virus) were lethal. On the other hand, very high doses of aggressive virus, which mimicked the normally rapid spread of docile virus, did not induce fatal CNS disease. The results suggest that rapid dissemination of the LCM infection creates multiple target organs which divert the focused lethal T cell attack on the brain.
A Framework for Personalized Information Retrieval Model (2010)

Existing search engines ignore the user's search context and return results to the user solely based on their relevance value to the query. Hence, the need for personalized information retrieval system which takes into account the actual user's profile during the retrieval process is “mandatory.” In this paper, we propose a framework for personalized information retrieval model using user profiles. It incorporates the user profile module into the retrieval process to filter results returned by traditional search engine so that they meet the specific needs of the user.
Adaptive Scheduling for CDMA-Based-Networks-on-Chip (2005)

A novel adaptive scheduling algorithm for CDMA-based networks-on-chip is proposed. An orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) code is combined with the dual round robin matching (DRRM) algorithm to obtain efficient usage of orthogonal codewords. The length of codewords is adjusted depending on how many active IP blocks have packets to send at any given time. In addition, pointers are maintained to perform the necessary input and output arbitration. SystemC simulation results demonstrate that our scheduling technique exhibits the fairness property.
Gene Expression Changes Triggered by Exposure of <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> to Novobiocin or Ciprofloxacin: Combined Transcription and Translation Analysis (2001)

The responses of Haemophilus influenzae to DNA gyrase inhibitors were analyzed at the transcriptional and the translational level. High-density microarrays based on the genomic sequence were used to monitor the expression levels of >80% of the genes in this bacterium. In parallel the proteins were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis. DNA gyrase inhibitors of two different functional classes were used. Novobiocin, as a representative of one class, inhibits the ATPase activity of the enzyme, thereby indirectly changing the degree of DNA supercoiling. Ciprofloxacin, a representative of the second class, obstructs supercoiling by inhibiting the DNA cleavage-resealing reaction. Our results clearly show that different responses can be observed. Treatment with the ATPase inhibitor Novobiocin changed the expression rates of many genes, reflecting the fact that the initiation of transcription for many genes is sensitive to DNA supercoiling. Ciprofloxacin mainly stimulated the expression of DNA repair systems as a response to the DNA damage caused by the stable ternary complexes. In addition, changed expression levels were also observed for some genes coding for proteins either annotated as "unknown function" or "hypothetical" or for proteins not directly involved in DNA topology or repair.
HIGH ACCURACY POSTAL ADDRESS EXTRACTION FROM WEB PAGES (2007)

Automatically extracting geographic information fromWeb pages, and analyzing such\ninformation can greatly benefit data mining and information retrieval systems. One\nmost obvious but valuable source of geographic information is postal address.\nIn this thesis we present three methods for postal address extraction - rule-based,\nmachine-learning and hybrid. Our machine-learning based system combines different\nsources of weak evidence and uses the word n-gram model as the underlying rep-\nresentation of web pages. The extracting process is fast and accurate despite not\nusing dictionary look-up. It outperforms both rule-based systems that we built, with\nprecision of 94.3% and recall of 71.6%.\nWe also proposed a hybrid method which combines the rule-based method and\nthe machine-learning approach. The accuracy of the system is further improved with\nprecision of 95.2% and recall of 81.1%.
SEROTONERGIC MEDIATION OF THE EFFECTS OF FLUOXETINE, BUT NOT DESIPRAMINE, IN THE RAT FORCED SWIMMING TEST (1999)

s of the First Congress of the Behavioral Pharmacology Society and the European Behavioural Pharmacology Society: PDF Only
Suppression of Multilayer Graphene Patches during CVD Graphene growth on Copper (2012)

By limiting the carbon segregation at the copper surface defects, a pulsed chemical vapor deposition method for single layer graphene growth is shown to inhibit the formation of few-layer regions, leading to a fully single-layered graphene homogeneous at the centimeter scale. Graphene field-effect devices obtained after transfer of pulsed grown graphene on oxidized silicon exhibit mobilities above 5000 cm^2.V^-1.s^-1.
Lithium Niobate Electro-Optic Racetrack Modulator Etched in Y-Cut LNOI Platform (2018)

An electro-optic modulator (EOM) based on a racetrack resonator coupled to a waveguide using butterfly multi-mode interference (MMI) coupler is fabricated on Y-cut lithium niobate (LN) thin film. This is the first demonstration of a LN EOM in which the thin film of LN is etched in a Y-cut substrate using chlorine-based inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching, a process, which is readily compatible with semiconductor fabrication facility. The Y-cut LNOI platform is interesting for the integration of electro-optic and acousto-optic components, since differently from any other LN cut it facilitates taking advantage of the maximum electro-optic and piezoelectric coefficients of LN. Coupling to the racetrack was enabled using a butterfly MMI coupler, which offered operation near the critical coupling condition, hence increasing the extinction ratio (ER) of the modulator. An unloaded quality factor of 1.3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> was extracted for this device, which is equivalent to a propagation loss of 2.3 dB/cm. Modulation bandwidth of 4 GHz, wavelength tuning rate of 0.32 pm/V, and an ER of more than 10 dB were experimentally measured for the EOM.
E. Darwin on Robinson (1954)

Journal Article E. Darwin on Robinson Get access W. W. FRANCIS W. W. FRANCIS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences, Volume IX, Issue 1, January 1954, Pages 110–111, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/IX.1.110 Published: 01 January 1954
Ultrasonic holography techniques for localizing and imaging solid objects (1991)

The theory of both the monofrequency and multifrequency modes of ultrasonic holographic imaging as suitable for the requirements of object recognition in robot assembly tasks is described. The theory was implemented experimentally. Results show that the monofrequency approach provides fairly good lateral but insufficient depth resolution. By contrast, with multifrequency holography, depth resolutions of better than 3 mm and lateral resolutions of about 10 mm are attainable. New ultrasonic transducers, combined with a special signal preprocessing procedure, are a prerequisite for resolutions of this order. Typical images as obtained from several test scenes are presented. Suitable applications and possible future research are briefly outlined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
AUTHENTICATION OF COMMERCIAL CHILEAN MOLLUSKS USING RIBOSOMAL INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER (ITS) AS SPECIE-SPECIFIC DNA MARKER (2008)

Contemporary world food safety standards have emphasized the implementation of efficient food traceability systems, including the correct labeling of products for the authentication of the commercialized species. In this context, Chile has reached an important development in agricultural exportations, reaching near US$ 3.82 billion in 2007. Since the identification based on morphologic and organoleptic characteristics is complex during the elaboration process of aquaculture products, molecular tools need to be developed in order to genetically trace aquaculture products. This study analyzed five species of Chilean commercial mollusks using molecular DNA markers. From the partial sequences of the ribosomal region ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2, the specific primers for the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1, ITS2) were designed. These primers in 8 fresh species of mollusks, 5 commercial presentations and 3 processed species, obtaining specie-specific band patterns in all cases for both ITS. Additionally, the primers are shown to be highly specific and of replicable amplification products, independently from the commercial presentation of the studied species. Genetically trace aquaculture products. The presence of fraud for species substitution between canned abalone (Haliotis) and loco (Concholepas) species is discussed.
Demonstrated Wavelength Portability of Raman Reference Data for Explosives and Chemical Detection (2012)

As Raman spectroscopy continues to evolve, questions arise as to the portability of Raman data: dispersive versus Fourier transform, wavelength calibration, intensity calibration, and in particular the frequency of the excitation laser. While concerns about fluorescence arise in the visible or ultraviolet, most modern (portable) systems use near-infrared excitation lasers, and many of these are relatively close in wavelength. We have investigated the possibility of porting reference data sets from one NIR wavelength system to another: We have constructed a reference library consisting of 145 spectra, including 20 explosives, as well as sundry other compounds and materials using a 1064 nm spectrometer. These data were used as a reference library to evaluate the same 145 compounds whose experimental spectra were recorded using a second 785 nm spectrometer. In 128 cases of 145 (or 88.3% including 20/20 for the explosives), the compounds were correctly identified with a mean “hit score” of 954 of 1000. Adding in criteria for when to declare a correct match versus when to declare uncertainty, the approach was able to correctly categorize 134 out of 145 spectra, giving a 92.4% accuracy. For the few that were incorrectly identified, either the matched spectra were spectroscopically similar to the target or the 785 nm signal was degraded due to fluorescence. The results indicate that imported data recorded at a different NIR wavelength can be successfully used as reference libraries, but key issues must be addressed: the reference data must be of equal or higher resolution than the resolution of the current sensor, the systems require rigorous wavelength calibration, and wavelength-dependent intensity response should be accounted for in the different systems.
Spectral response and energy output of concentrator multijunction solar cells (2008)

Abstract The spectral response of concentrator multijunction solar cells has been measured over a temperature range of 25–75°C. These data are combined with reference spectra representing the AM1·5 standard as well as annual spectral irradiance at representative geographical locations. The results suggest that higher performance in the field may be obtained if multijunction cells are designed for an effective air mass higher than AM1·5. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
LCR-regulated transgene expression levels depend on the Oct-1 site in the AT-rich region of β-globin intron-2 (2003)

Human beta-globin transgenes regulated by the locus control region (LCR) express at all integration sites in transgenic mice. For such LCR activity at ectopic sites, the 5'HS3 element requires the presence of the AT-rich region (ATR) in beta-globin intron-2. Here, we examine the dependence of 5'HS3 LCR activity on transcription factor binding sites in the ATR. In vitro DNaseI footprint analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assays of the ATR identified an inverted double Gata-1 site composed of 2 noncanonical sequences (GATT and GATG) and an Oct-1 consensus site. Mutant Oct-1, Gata-1, or double mutant sites were created in the ATR of the BGT50 construct composed of a 5'HS3 beta/gamma-globin hybrid transgene. Transgenes with double mutant sites expressed at all sites of integration, but mean expression levels in transgenic mice were reduced from 64% per copy (BGT50) to 37% (P <.05). Mutation of the inverted double Gata-1 site had no effect at 61% per copy expression levels. In contrast, mutation of the Oct-1 site alone reduced per-copy expression levels to 31% (P <.05). We conclude that the ability of 5'HS3 to activate expression from all transgene integration sites is dependent on sequences in the ATR that are not bound at high affinity by transcription factors. In addition, the Oct-1 site in the ATR is required for high-level 5'HS3 beta/gamma-globin transgene expression and should be retained in LCRbeta-globin expression cassettes designed for gene therapy.
Appareil permettant la caractérisation thermique de substrats et matériaux à forte conductibilité pour micro-électronique (1993)

La caractérisation thermique des substrats en nitrure d'aluminium AIN est un problème actuel en micro-électronique. La méthode classique dite du “flash-laser”, est mal adaptée à ce type de matériau, car nécessitant des échantillons d'épaisseur supérieure à 3 mm. Cette méthode a été nouvellement adaptée mais au prix d'un investissement relativement lourd. Nous avons développé au C.N.E.T. Lannion une méthode de caractérisation basée sur le principe de la mesure du flux thermique traversant un échantillon soumis à un gradient thermique connu. Originellement conçue pour la caractérisation de substrats de faible conductivité, cette méthode a été adaptée au problème posé par l'apparition de substrats tel le nitrure d'aluminium AIN de conductivité thermique pouvant être supérieure à 200 W/m.K. L'appareil mis au point, maintenant commercialisé, permet la détermination directe de la conductibilité thermique en quelques minutes avec une précision de l'ordre de 10 % pour une gamme de valeur de 10 à 400 W/m.K.
Role of poly(A) polymerase in the cleavage and polyadenylation of mRNA precursor. (1989)

To determine the role of poly(A) polymerase in 3'-end processing of mRNA, the effect of purified poly(A) polymerase antibodies on endonucleolytic cleavage and polyadenylation was studied in HeLa nuclear extracts, using adenovirus L3 pre-mRNA as the substrate. Both Mg2+- and Mn2+-dependent reactions catalyzing addition of 200 to 250 and 400 to 800 adenylic acid residues, respectively, were inhibited by the antibodies, which suggested that the two reactions were catalyzed by the same enzyme. Anti-poly(A) polymerase antibodies also inhibited the cleavage reaction when the reaction was coupled or chemically uncoupled with polyadenylation. These antibodies also prevented formation of specific complexes between the RNA substrate and components of nuclear extracts during cleavage or polyadenylation, with the concurrent appearance of another, antibody-specific complex. These studies demonstrate that (i) previously characterized poly(A) polymerase is the enzyme responsible for addition of the poly(A) tract at the correct cleavage site and probably for the elongation of poly(A) chains and (ii) the coupling of these two 3'-end processing reactions appears to result from the potential requirement of poly(A) polymerase for the cleavage reaction. The results suggest that the specific endonuclease is associated with poly(A) polymerase in a functional complex.
Evidence for the Extended Helical Nature of Polysaccharide Epitopes. The 2.8 .ANG. Resolution Structure and Thermodynamics of Ligand Binding of an Antigen Binding Fragment Specific for .alpha.-(2.fwdarw.8)-Poly(sialic acid) (1995)

The antigen binding fragment from an IgG2a kappa murine monoclonal antibody with specificity for alpha-(2-->8)-linked sialic acid polymers has been prepared and crystallized in the absence of hapten. Crystals were grown by vapor diffusion equilibrium with 16-18% polyethylene glycol 4000 solutions. The structure was solved by molecular replacement methods and refined to a conventional R factor of 0.164 for data to 2.8 A. The binding site is observed to display a shape and distribution of charges that is complementary to that of the predicted conformation of the oligosaccharide epitope. A thermodynamic description of ligand binding has been compiled for oligosaccharides ranging in length from 9 to 41 residues, and the data for the largest ligand has been used in a novel way to estimate the size of the antigen binding site. A model of antigen binding is presented that satisfies this thermodynamic data, as well as a previously reported requirement of conformational specificity of the oligosaccharide. X-ray crystallographic and thermodynamic evidence are consistent with a binding site that accommodates at least eight sialic acid residues.
Development of a rapid lateral flow immunoassay test for detection of exosomes previously enriched from cell culture medium and body fluids (2016)

Exosomes are cell-secreted nanovesicles (40-200 nm) that represent a rich source of novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and prognosis of certain diseases. Despite the increasingly recognized relevance of these vesicles as biomarkers, their detection has been limited due in part to current technical challenges in the rapid isolation and analysis of exosomes. The complexity of the development of analytical platforms relies on the heterogeneous composition of the exosome membrane. One of the most attractive tests is the inmunochromatographic strips, which allow rapid detection by unskilled operators. We have successfully developed a novel lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for the detection of exosomes based on the use of tetraspanins as targets. We have applied this platform for the detection of exosomes purified from different sources: cell culture supernatants, human plasma and urine. As proof of concept, we explored the analytical potential of this LFIA platform to accurately quantify exosomes purified from a human metastatic melanoma cell line. The one-step assay can be completed in 15 min, with a limit of detection of 8.54×10(5) exosomes/µL when a blend of anti-CD9 and anti-CD81 were selected as capture antibodies and anti-CD63 labelled with gold nanoparticles as detection antibody. Based on our results, this platform could be well suited to be used as a rapid exosome quantification tool, with promising diagnostic applications, bearing in mind that the detection of exosomes from different sources may require adaptation of the analytical settings to their specific composition.