gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Intestinal Microbiota and Liver Disease (2012)

The gut and the liver are intimately associated, and there is continuous bidirectional communication between these organs through the bile, hormones, inflammatory mediators, and products of digestion and absorption. Thus, the quantity, quality, and composition of the intestinal microbiota should be expected to have both direct and indirect effects on liver disease and liver function. Although there is a paucity of data, the microbiota may be related to the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The microbiota are thought to influence the development and progression of NAFLD through modulating fat deposition and insulin sensitivity as well as influencing luminal bacterial choline metabolism, increasing gut luminal acetaldehyde and ethanol production, and/or through production of lipopolysaccharide and induction of the inflammatory cascade. In patients with cirrhosis, the microbiota are implicated in the development of hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and other complications, including spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and esophageal variceal bleeding. The efficacy of modulating the gastrointestinal flora in HE has been extensively studied; positive effects have been observed for prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics. Recently, the nonabsorbable antibiotic, rifaximin, has demonstrated considerable efficacy in the long-term prevention of HE.
No-reference Video Quality Assessment and Applications (2014)

With more and more visual signals being received by human observers, an important aspect of the quality of experience of such stimuli is the perceived visual quality. In this thesis, new techiques to assess this perceived visual quality of natural videos without a pristine reference video, referred to as no-reference video quality assessment (NR-VQA), are presented, in order to evaluate the performance of existing devices for video capturing or video compression. These techniques adopt a two-stage NR-VQA framework, in which the two stages are distortion measurement and quality prediction. Three NR-VQA metrics are designed to evaluate the performance of video imaging systems, while two computational NR-VQA models are proposed to assess the quality of compressed videos. An optimizing strategy is also designed for feature pooling and prediction models of NR-VQA algorithms.
Experiences with “Self Service” Electronic Blood Banking (1998)

Electronic verification of ABO compatibility (computer crossmatching) has been accepted as the crossmatching procedure for patients without clinically significant alloantibodies. Computer crossmatching offers several advantages over the immediate spin crossmatch and enables the setting up of a self service blood banking system. Self service blood banking saves manpower, improves crossmatch/transfusion(C/T) ratio and makes the maximum surgical blood ordering schedule (MSBOS) redundant. Blood banking service can also be provided at satellite hospitals without stationing blood banking staff there. We have also developed a novel self service system that does not require expensive computer hardware and networking.
Electrochemical performance of composites of spinel-type LiFe1^|^minus;xMnxSiO4 nanocrystals and glassy phase synthesized by quenching of melts (2015)

New composite ceramics consisting of spinel-type LiFe1−xMnxSiO4 nanocrystals and glassy phase were synthesized by a quenching of melts with the compositions of 25Li2O–(25 − y)Fe2O3–2yMnO2–50SiO2 (y = 0–25, mol %) and their electrochemical performance as cathode materials for Li+ ion secondary batteries (LIBs) was examined. In the melt-quenched samples with y = 0–7.5, the formation of LiFe1−xMnxSiO4 nanocrystals with a diameter of ∼30 nm was confirmed together with the presence of the glassy phase from XRD, STEM-EDX, and HRTEM measurements. The electrical conductivity (σ) of the melt-quenched samples (composites) at room temperature decreased rapidly with increasing MnO2 content, i.e., σ = 2.0 × 10−3 Scm−1 for the sample with y = 0 and σ = 5.7 × 10−9 Scm−1 for the sample with y = 7.5, and the activation energy (Ea) of σ was 0.2–0.3 eV. From the electrochemical charge and discharge curves, it was clarified that the melt-quenched samples work as cathode materials for LIBs. The sample with LiFe0.7Mn0.3SiO4 nanocrystals showed a large discharge capacity of 361 mAhg−1 at the first cycle, although a large decrease in the discharge capacity with cycling was observed. The melt-quenched samples with y = 10–25 were glasses with no crystals, but they also showed Li+ ion battery performance.
A New Mathematical Model of Air Pollutant Concentration Averaging Time and Frequency (1969)

A previous mathematical model of air pollutant concentration, averaging time, and frequency gave results close to actual measurements for the relatively short averaging times for which it was used. However, recent calculations show that mathematically unsound results are obtained with the model for averaging times longer than one month. A new mathematical model, described herein, gives mathematically sound results for all averaging times. The two dominant features of this new model are derived from observations that indicate: (1) air pollutant concentrations are approximately lognormally distributed for all pollutants in all cities for all averaging times; and (2) median concentration is proportional to averaging time to an exponent. Applications to problems air pollutant effects and air quality standards are shown.
Reductive cleavage of acyl-guanidines to amines (1971)

A new mild reductive cleavage of the guanidine moiety is illustrated by the conversion of sodium ω-acetylarginate (2) and acyl-guanidine (5), respectively, into ornithine (3) and amine (6) using sodium in ammonia containing acetic acid.
Strongly coupled modes of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>M</mml:mi></mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>H</mml:mi></mml:math> for perpendicular resonance (2018)

We apply the equations for the magnetization $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ and field $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$ to study their coupled modes for a semi-infinite ferromagnet, conductor, or insulator with magnetization ${M}_{0}$ and field ${H}_{0}$ normal to the plane (perpendicular resonance) and wave vector normal to the plane, which makes the modes doubly degenerate. With dimensionless damping constant $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ and dimensionless transverse susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}={M}_{0}/{H}_{e}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}({H}_{e}\ensuremath{\equiv}{H}_{0}\ensuremath{-}{M}_{0})$, we derive an analytic expression for the wave vector squared, showing that $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ and $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$ are nearly decoupled only if $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{\gg}{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$. This is violated in the ferromagnetic regime, although a first correction is found to give good agreement away from resonance. Emphasizing the conductor permalloy as a function of ${H}_{0}$ we study the eigenvalues and eigenmodes and the dissipation rate due to absorption both from the total effective field and from the Joule heating. (We include the contribution of the nonuniform exchange energy term, needed for energy conservation.) Using these modes we then apply, for a semi-infinite ferromagnet, a range of boundary conditions (i.e., surface anisotropies) on ${M}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}$ to find the reflection coefficient $R$ and the reflectivity ${|R|}^{2}$. As a function of ${H}_{0}$, absorption is dominated by the the skin depth mode (primarily $\stackrel{P\vec}{H}$) except near the resonance and at a higher-field ${H}_{d}$ associated with a dip in the reflectivity, whose position above the main resonance varies quadratically with the surface anisotropy ${K}_{s}$. The dip is driven by the boundary condition on $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$; the coefficient of the (primarily) $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ mode becomes very small at the dip, being compensated by an increase in the amplitude of the $\stackrel{P\vec}{M}$ mode, which has a Lorentzian line shape of height $\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and width $\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\alpha}$.
On-Line Analyzer for Chlorocarbons in Wastewater (1992)

The control of volatile organic contaminants in plant wastewater is a major concern for the chemical industry. Continuous measurements of the actual levels present allows effective control measures to be implemented. This paper describes a monitoring system for CCl4 and CHCl3 based on continuous closed loop sparging and FTIR vapor measurement. The system theory of operation, design and operating performance are described.
Acute Neuroendocrine Response to Sexual Stimulation in Sexual Offenders (2003)

These data demonstrate that sexual offenders with a high sexual drive do not differ from control subjects in the postorgasmic neuroendocrine response, particularly in prolactin release. This study confirms that factors other than peripheral hormones influence deviant sexual behaviour.
Characterization of a radio-frequency discharge used for downstream plasma oxidation of Si (1995)

Recently it has been shown that high-quality SiO2 films can be grown on (100) Si downstream of a radio-frequency rf He/O2 discharge using a two-step process: plasma oxidation followed by remote plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor deposition [T. Yasuda, Y. Ma, S. Habermehl, and G. Lucovksy, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 10, 1844 (1992)]. The plasma oxidation is examined. For such a discharge the spatial distribution of atomic oxygen, the species held to be the oxidant, is calculated and it is found to be quite uniform for pressures below 0.5 Torr, with He:O2 ratios of 10:1, and glass walls. The distribution is nonuniform for clean stainless-steel chamber walls. By emission spectroscopy the downstream extension of the discharge is found to be appreciable, and sensitive to rf power, gas pressure, and the location of ground electrodes. It is concluded that the role of ion bombardment in plasma oxidation by this process should be further investigated.
Endocrine complications in long-term survivors of childhood cancers (2010)

Endocrine disturbances are among the most frequently reported complications in childhood cancer survivors, affecting between 20 and 50% of individuals who survive into adulthood. Most endocrine complications are the result of prior cancer treatments, especially radiotherapy. The objective of the present review is to discuss the main endocrine complications observed in this population, including disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, disorders of pubertal development, thyroid dysfunction, gonadal dysfunction, decreased bone mineral density, obesity, and alterations in glucose metabolism with a special focus on recent findings reported from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study.
Reduced fidelity of branch point recognition and alternative splicing induced by the anti-tumor drug spliceostatin A (2011)

Spliceostatin A (SSA) is a stabilized derivative of a Pseudomonas bacterial fermentation product that displays potent anti-proliferative and anti-tumor activities in cancer cells and animal models. The drug inhibits pre-mRNA splicing in vitro and in vivo and binds SF3b, a protein subcomplex of U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP), which is essential for recognition of the pre-mRNA branch point. We report that SSA prevents interaction of an SF3b 155-kDa subunit with the pre-mRNA, concomitant with nonproductive recruitment of U2 snRNP to sequences 5' of the branch point. Differences in base-pairing potential with U2 snRNA in this region lead to different sensitivity of 3' splice sites to SSA, and to SSA-induced changes in alternative splicing. Indeed, rather than general splicing inhibition, splicing-sensitive microarray analyses reveal specific alternative splicing changes induced by the drug that significantly overlap with those induced by knockdown of SF3b 155. These changes lead to down-regulation of genes important for cell division, including cyclin A2 and Aurora A kinase, thus providing an explanation for the anti-proliferative effects of SSA. Our results reveal a mechanism that prevents nonproductive base-pairing interactions in the spliceosome, and highlight the regulatory and cancer therapeutic potential of perturbing the fidelity of splice site recognition.
The Phosphate Content of Fresh and Salt Waters in its Relationship to the growth of the Algal Plankton (1923)

On account of the minute quantities in which they are present and of the fact that they are considered of secondary importance as indicating sewage contamination, phosphates are not usually estimated in analyses of natural waters. The tediousness of the determination also militated against it in the past. As a result, of the numerous analyses recorded by Clarke (1920), but few mention phosphates. C. H. Stone's analysis of the Mississippi in 1905, carried out upon a sample above Carrolton, Louisiana, shows 0.27 per cent of phosphate (PO 4 ) with a total salinity of 146 parts per million, or 0.39 mgrm. PO 4 per litre, corresponding to 0.29 mgrm. P 2 O 5 .
IL-6 Mediated Degeneration of Forebrain GABAergic Interneurons and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice through Activation of Neuronal NADPH Oxidase (2009)

Present results indicate that IL-6 mediates age-related loss of critical PV-expressing GABAergic interneurons through increased neuronal NADPH-oxidase-derived superoxide production, and that rescue of these interneurons preserves cognitive performance in aging mice, suggesting that elevated peripheral IL-6 levels may be directly and mechanistically linked to long-lasting cognitive deficits in even normal older individuals. Further, because PV-interneurons are also selectively affected by commonly used anesthetic agents and drugs, our findings imply that IL-6 levels may predict adverse CNS effects in older patients exposed to these compounds through specific derangements in inhibitory interneurons, and that therapies directed at lowering IL-6 may have cognitive benefits clinically.
Performance analysis of time-spread multiple access (TSMA) protocol in multihop wireless networks (2002)

Time spread multiple access (TSMA) is a reliable multiple access protocol used for mobile multihop wireless networks. By using deterministic transmission schedules generated via finite or Galois fields, the protocol guarantees successful packet delivery with no need for update even when the network topology changes. This paper presents a generalized analysis of TSMA, providing an efficient and accurate performance model to calculate the average system performance using TSMA. The results show that the performance of even the basic TSMA protocol is at least as good as slotted Aloha, but does not degenerate in the case of overload.
Effects of sterilization on poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels (2008)

The past few decades have witnessed a dramatic increase in the development of polymeric biomaterials. These biomaterials have to undergo a sterilization procedure before implantation. However, many sterilization procedures have been shown to profoundly affect polymer properties. Poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels have gained increasing importance in the controlled delivery of therapeutics and in tissue engineering. We evaluated the effect of ethylene oxide (EtO), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and gamma sterilization of poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels on properties relevant to controlled drug delivery and tissue engineering. We observed that the release of cyclosporine (CyA) (an immunosuppressive drug that is effective in combating tissue rejection following organ transplantation) was significantly affected by the type of sterilization. However, that was not the case with rhodamine B, a dye. Hence, the drug release characteristics were observed to be dependent not only on the sterilization procedure but also on the type of agent that needs to be delivered. In addition, differences in the swelling ratios for the sterilized and unsterilized hydrogels were statistically significant for 1:1 crosslinked hydrogels derived from the 8000 MW polymer. Significant differences were also observed for gamma sterilization for 1:1 crosslinked hydrogels derived from the 3350 MW polymer and also the 2:1 crosslinked hydrogels derived from the 8000 MW polymer. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies revealed that the roughness parameter for the unsterilized and EtO-sterilized PEG hydrogels remained similar. However, a statistically significant reduction of the roughness parameter was observed for the H(2)O(2) and gamma-sterilized samples. Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies on the unsterilized and the sterilized samples revealed the presence of the peroxy and the triphenyl methyl carbon radical in the samples. The gamma and the H(2)O(2)-sterilized samples were observed to have a much higher concentration of the radical pecies when compared with the EtO and the unsterilized samples.
Computation of Thin-Plate Splines (1991)

Thin-plate splines are an attractive method for interpolating and smoothing arbitrarily spaced points in the plane. A major problem in the application of thin-plate splines is that their computation involves the solution of a linear system that is illconditioned for large data sets. A technique for preconditioning the system is proposed that greatly extends the usefulness of thin-plate splines.
Identification of Sperm and Non-Sperm Male Cells in Cervicovaginal Smears Using Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization: Applications in Alleged Sexual Assault Cases (1994)

The identification of spermatozoa or constituents of seminal fluid is critical in the evaluation of alleged sexual assault victims. However, failure to identify sperm and/or elevated levels of acid phosphatase can occur for a variety of reasons. Molecular techniques, such as molecular cytogenetic analysis offers new approaches to improve on the identification of male cells in alleged sexual assault cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a Y chromosome specific DNA probe was applied to archival cervicovaginal smears from 41 alleged sexual assault cases to identify Y-bearing (male) cells. FISH identified Y-bearing sperm and non-sperm cells in 78% of the cases previously confirmed to have sperm. FISH also identified Y-bearing non-sperm male cells in 39% of the cases in which cytology did not detect spermatozoa; in one of these instances, it also detected sperm. Cervicovaginal acid phosphatase levels, determined at the time of the cervicovaginal smears, were also compared with the presence or absence of Y-positive cells. Application of this technique can detect non-spermatozoic male cells in routine cervicovaginal smears of sexual assault victims.
Effect of the Yuzpe regimen of emergency contraception on markers of endometrial receptivity (2000)

This exploratory study was designed to determine whether treatment with the Yuzpe regimen of emergency contraception altered endometrial integrin expression or other markers of uterine receptivity. Nineteen parous women were followed for two menstrual cycles. In the second cycle, each participant took 100 mg ethinyl oestradiol and 1 mg norgestrel on the day of the urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) surge and repeated the dose 12 h later. In both cycles, endometrial biopsy, phlebotomy and vaginal sonogram were performed 8-10 days after the urinary LH surge. No significant difference was found between untreated and treated cycles in most measures of endometrial histology or in endometrial expression of beta3 integrin subunit, leukaemia inhibitory factor, glycodelin, or progesterone receptors assessed by immunohistochemical techniques. Five statistically significant changes were noted in treated cycles: a reduction in endometrial MUC-1 expression, an increase in endometrial oestrogen receptor, lower luteal phase serum oestrogen concentration, reduced endometrial thickness, and greater proportion of glandular supranuclear vacuoles. The relationship of these findings to the contraceptive action of the Yuzpe regimen is unclear.
Full-field transmission x-ray imaging with confocal polycapillary x-ray optics (2013)

A transmission x-ray imaging setup based on a confocal combination of a polycapillary focusing x-ray optic followed by a polycapillary collimating x-ray optic was designed and demonstrated to have good resolution, better than the unmagnified pixel size and unlimited by the x-ray tube spot size. This imaging setup has potential application in x-ray imaging for small samples, for example, for histology specimens.
<title>220-kV combined optical voltage and current transformer</title> (1999)

This paper presents a new optical transformer which can measure high voltage and large current simultaneously. The measurement of voltage is based on the Pockels effect. A novel structure is posed to realize an optical voltage sensor which has better stability. The measured high voltage is directly applied on the optical voltage sensor without using any capacitive voltage divider. The measurement of current is based on the Faraday effect. A bulk glass closed- loop structure for optical current sensor is used. The optical voltage sensor is in the middle of the HV polymeric insulator which is full of SF<SUB>6</SUB> gas, and the otpical current as immunity of electromagnetic interference, no saturation, no oil inside, wide band range, excellent transient characteristics and light weight etc. The principles, structures and testing results of the combined optical voltage and current transformer are described in this article.
The Fate of miRNA* Strand through Evolutionary Analysis: Implication for Degradation As Merely Carrier Strand or Potential Regulatory Molecule? (2010)

The final fate of miRNA* strand, either degraded as merely carrier strand or expressed abundantly as potential functional guide miRNA, may be destined across evolution. Well-conserved miRNA* strands, particularly conservation in seed sequences, maybe afford potential opportunities for contributing to regulation network. The study will broaden our understanding of potential functional miRNA* species.
Critical Aspects in Analysis of Cellular DNA Content (2010)

This unit covers general aspects of DNA content analysis and provides introductory or complementary information to the specific protocols of DNA content assessment in this chapter. It describes principles of DNA content analysis and outlines difficulties and pitfalls common to these methods. It also reviews methods of DNA staining in live, permeabilized, and fixed cells, and in cell nuclei isolated from paraffin-embedded tissues, as well as the approaches to stain DNA concurrently with cell immunophenotype. This unit addresses factors affecting accuracy of DNA measurement, such as chromatin features restricting accessibility of fluorochromes to DNA, stoichiometry of interaction with DNA, and "mass action law" characterizing binding to DNA in relation to unbound fluorochrome concentration. It also describes controls to ensure accuracy and quality control of DNA content determination and principles of DNA ploidy assessment. Because many aspects of DNA content analysis are common to protocols in UNITS 7.3, 7.6, 7.16, 7.20, 7.23, & 7.25, certain parts of this unit provide information redundant with commentaries in these units.