gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Potent Hypotensive Peptide, Novokinin, Induces Relaxation by AT<sub>2</sub>- and IP-Receptor-Dependent Mechanism in the Mesenteric Artery from SHRs (2008)

In this study, we found that novokinin (Arg-Pro-Leu-Lys-Pro-Trp), a potent hypotensive peptide acting through the AT2 receptor, has vasorelaxing activity in the mesenteric artery isolated from spontaneously hypertensive rats. The vasorelaxing activity was significantly blocked by PD123319, indomethacin, and CAY10441, which are an AT2 receptor antagonist, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and an IP receptor antagonist, respectively. N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, did not block the vasorelaxing activity. These results suggest that the vasorelaxing activity of novokinin, which contributes to the hypotensive effect, is mainly mediated by prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) and the IP receptor downstream of the AT2 receptor.
The anticancer effects of vitamin K. (2003)

Vitamin K, an essential nutrient often associated with the clotting cascade, has been the focus of considerable research demonstrating an anticancer potential. Much of this research has focused on vitamin K3, although vitamins K2 and K1 have also been shown to have anticancer effects. Early studies of vitamin K3 employed an oxidative model to explain the anticancer effects seen in both in vitro and in vivo studies; however, this model does not adequately address the action of vitamins K1 and K2. Recent research has demonstrated the anticancer action of vitamin K may act at the level of tyrosine kinases and phosphatases, modulating various transcription factors such as Myc and Fos. Tyrosine kinases associated with cyclins have also been shown to be affected by vitamin K, which can lead to cell cycle arrest and cell death.
Controlling background subtraction algorithms for robust object detection (2009)

This paper presents a controller for background subtraction algorithms to detect mobile objects in videos.The controller has two main tasks.The first task is to guide the background subtraction algorithm to update its background representation.To realize this task, the controller has to solve two important problems: removing ghosts (background regions misclassified as object of interest) and managing stationary objects.The controller detects ghosts based on object borders.To manage stationary objects, the controller cooperates with the tracking task to detect faster stationary objects without storing various background layers which are difficult to maintain.The second task is to initialize the parameter values of background subtraction algorithms to adapt to the current conditions of the scene.These parameter values enable the background subtraction algorithms to be as much sensitive as possible and to be consistent with the feedback of classification and tracking task.
Higher visibility for LEDs (1994)

The gradually evolving technology of light-emitting diodes has of late made a quantum leap. These semiconductor devices are usurping some of the slots that, till now, had been filled by incandescent lamps and cathode ray tubes. The author describes how the luminance and luminous effiency of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in the last few years have reached such high levels that they can replace incandescent lamps in running lights on trucks. Particularly where safety is involved, the longer life and inherent ruggedness of the solid-state devices make them a highly desirable substitute; the lower maintenance cost of the LEDs is a boon to any application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Operating Room of the Future Orthopedic Perspective (2008)

The complexity of orthopedic procedures has mounted with increasing numbers of minimally invasive surgeries. Lack of optimal patient outcomes persist despite new techniques and improved implants. While improved training for physicians can enhance patient outcomes, computer assisted surgery (CAS) has the capability to provide even greater benefits to the patient by increasing control and repeatability. Cutting edge technology fused with new computerized techniques facilitates a full cycle of implant design and development by providing surgical preplanning and intraoperative guidance followed by post-operative gait analysis. In the pre-operative phase, these technologies can reconstruct patient specific bone models, automate cutting plane placement, and highlight anatomical abnormalities. In the intra-operative phase, the state-of-the-art CAS systems virtualize surgical protocols, provide real-time hyper-resolution micro-sensor feedback in ligament balancing, and wireless navigation guidance. Finally, in post-operative scenarios, disruptive technologies enable improved implant design through acquisition and analysis of 3D kinematic gait lab data. By introducing novel technologies and advanced computerized methods into the operating room (OR), the next generation of CAS systems will further surgeons' ability to control positive patient outcomes.
RNA interference in biology and disease (2005)

RNA interference (RNAi) is a conserved biologic response to double-stranded RNA that results in the sequence-specific silencing of target gene expression. Over the past 5 years, an intensive research effort has facilitated the rapid movement of RNAi from a relatively obscure biologic phenomenon to a valuable tool used to silence target gene expression and perform large-scale functional genomic screens. In fact, recent studies reported in this journal and others have demonstrated success using RNAi to address the role of oncogene expression in leukemia cell lines and to validate the therapeutic potential of RNAi for treating these blood disorders. In order to advance these applications and gain an appreciation for the future of RNAi both in basic research and in the treatment of diseases caused by aberrant gene expression, it is important to have an understanding of the process of RNAi and its limitations.
Improved State of Charge Estimation for High Power Lithium Ion Batteries Considering Current Dependence of Internal Resistance (2017)

For high power Li-ion batteries, an important approach to improve the accuracy of modeling and algorithm development is to consider the current dependence of internal resistance, especially for large current applications in mild/median hybrid electric vehicles (MHEV). For the first time, the work has experimentally captured the decrease of internal resistance at an increasing current of up to the C-rate of 25 and developed an equivalent circuit model (ECM) with current dependent parameters. The model is integrated to extended Kalman filter (EKF) to improve SOC estimation, which is validated by experimental data collected in dynamic stress testing (DST). Results show that EKF with current dependent parameters is capable of estimating SOC with a higher accuracy when it is compared to EKF without current dependent parameters.
Spent sulphite liquor for cultivation of an edible Rhizopus sp. (2011)

Spent sulphite liquor, the major byproduct from the sulphite pulp production process, was diluted to 50% and used for production of an edible zygomycete Rhizopus sp. The focus was on production, yield, and composition of the fungal biomass composition. The fungus grew well at 20 to 40°C, but 32°C was found to be preferable compared to 20 and 40°C in terms of biomass production and yield (maximum of 0.16 g/g sugars), protein content (0.50-0.60 g/g), alkali-insoluble material (AIM) (ca 0.15 g/g), and glucosamine content (up to 0.30 g/g of AIM). During cultivation in a pilot airlift bioreactor, the yield increased as aeration was raised from 0.15 to 1.0 vvm, indicating a high demand for oxygen. After cultivation at 1.0 vvm for 84 h, high yield and production of biomass (up to 0.34 g/g sugars), protein (0.30-0.50 g/g), lipids (0.02-0.07 g/g), AIM (0.16-0.28 g/g), and glucosamine (0.22-0.32 g/g AIM) were obtained. The fungal biomass produced from spent sulphite liquor is presently being tested as a replacement for fishmeal in feed for fish aquaculture and seems to be a potential source of nutrients and for production of glucosamine.
Ionization of sputtered metals in high power pulsed magnetron sputtering (2004)

The ion to neutral ratio of the sputtered material have been studied for high power pulsed magnetron sputtering and compared with a continuous direct current (dc) discharge using the same experimental setup except for the power source. Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to study the optical emission from the plasma through a side window. The emission was shown to be dominated by emission from metal ions. The distribution of metal ionized states clearly differed from the distribution of excited states, and we suggest the presence of a hot dense plasma surrounded by a cooler plasma. Sputtered material was ionized close to the target and transported into a cooler plasma region where the emission was also recorded. Assuming a Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution of excited states the emission from the plasma was quantified. This showed that the ionic contribution to the recorded spectrum was over 90% for high pulse powers. Even at relatively low applied pulse powers, the recorded spectra were dominated by emission from ions. OES analysis of the discharge in a continuous dc magnetron discharge was also made, which demonstrated much lower ionization.
Method for auto-alignment of digital optical phase conjugation systems based on digital propagation (2014)

Optical phase conjugation (OPC) has enabled many optical applications such as aberration correction and image transmission through fiber. In recent years, implementation of digital optical phase conjugation (DOPC) has opened up the possibility of its use in biomedical optics (e.g. deep-tissue optical focusing) due to its ability to provide greater-than-unity OPC reflectivity (the power ratio of the phase conjugated beam and input beam to the OPC system) and its flexibility to accommodate additional wavefront manipulations. However, the requirement for precise (pixel-to-pixel matching) alignment of the wavefront sensor and the spatial light modulator (SLM) limits the practical usability of DOPC systems. Here, we report a method for auto-alignment of a DOPC system by which the misalignment between the sensor and the SLM is auto-corrected through digital light propagation. With this method, we were able to accomplish OPC playback with a DOPC system with gross sensor-SLM misalignment by an axial displacement of up to~1.5 cm, rotation and tip/tilt of ~5° and in-plane displacement of ~5 mm (dependent on the physical size of the sensor and the SLM). Our auto-alignment method robustly achieved a DOPC playback peak-to-background ratio (PBR) corresponding to more than ~30 % of the theoretical maximum. As an additional advantage, the auto-alignment procedure can be easily performed at will and, as such, allows us to correct for small mechanical drifts within the DOPC systems, thus overcoming a previously major DOPC system vulnerability. We believe that this reported method for implementing robust DOPC systems will broaden the practical utility of DOPC systems.
A 31.2mW UWB Baseband Transceiver with All-Digital I/Q-Mismatch Calibration and Dynamic Sampling (2006)

A MB-OFDM UWB baseband transceiver with I/Q-mismatch (IQM) calibration and dynamic sampling (DS) is presented. It calibrates IQM by 2dB gain and 20 degree phase errors, releasing IQM tolerance to 10times of existing designs. The DS reduces ADC sampling rate to 1/9 ~ frac12 of existing designs, resulting in at least 43% ADC power saving. Measured power consumes 31.2mW at 480Mb/s data rate
Exogenous protein Hsp70/Hsc70 can penetrate into brain structures and attenuate the severity of chemically‐induced seizures (2010)

Heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70) possesses a remarkable neuroprotective activity and the results of recent studies demonstrated its efficacy in the attenuation of epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of a pure Hsp70/Hsc70 preparation delivered to the brain regions involved in generalized seizures induced in rats by intracerebroventricular microinjections of NMDA or systemic injections of pentylenetetrazole. Purified Hsp70/Hsc70 was administered (intracerebroventricular) 2 h before the induction of seizures. Compared to the vehicle-treated control animals, Hsp70/Hsc70-pretreated rats demonstrated reduced severity of NMDA- and pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. To identify the brain structures potentially implicated in the Hsp70/Hsc70-mediated anticonvulsant effect, we analysed the localization of a fluorescently-labelled chaperone in the brain. Labelled Hsp70/Hsc70 was found in neurons and terminals of the limbic seizure complex of the brain and was co-localized in these regions with NMDA receptors, synaptophysin and the GABA-synthesizing enzyme, L-glutamic acid decarboxylase 67. An immunoprecipitation assay confirmed interactions between Hsp70 and both synaptophysin and L-glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in brain tissue. We suggest that the anticonvulsant effect of exogenous Hsp70/Hsc70 is not only based on its protective capacity but is also related to its ability to modulate GABA neurotransmission, which in turn contributes to the maintenance of the excitatory-inhibitory balance of the CNS.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Regulates Matrix Metalloproteinase MMP-1 Secretion and Chondrocyte Cell Death via Nox4 NADPH Oxidase Activity in Chondrocytes (2013)

Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and secretion of MMPs as well as chondrocyte apoptosis. Those events lead to matrix breakdown and are key features of osteoarthritis (OA). We confirmed that in human C-20/A4 chondrocytes the NADPH oxidase Nox4 is the main source of ROS upon IL-1β stimulation. Since heme molecules are essential for the NADPH oxidase maturation and activity, we therefore investigated the consequences of the modulation of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the limiting enzyme in heme catabolism, on the IL-1β signaling pathway and more specifically on Nox4 activity. Induction of HO-1 expression decreased dramatically Nox4 activity in C-20/A4 and HEK293 T-REx™ Nox4 cell lines. Unexpectedly, this decrease was not accompanied by any change in the expression, the subcellular localization or the maturation of Nox4. In fact, the inhibition of the heme synthesis by succinylacetone rather than heme catabolism by HO-1, led to a confinement of the Nox4/p22(phox) heterodimer in the endoplasmic reticulum with an absence of redox differential spectrum highlighting an incomplete maturation. Therefore, the downregulation of Nox4 activity by HO-1 induction appeared to be mediated by carbon monoxide (CO) generated from the heme degradation process. Interestingly, either HO-1 or CO caused a significant decrease in the expression of MMP-1 and DNA fragmentation of chondrocytes stimulated by IL-1β. These results all together suggest that a modulation of Nox4 activity via heme oxygenase-1 may represent a promising therapeutic tool in osteoarthritis.
Acoustic signals generated by laser-irradiated metal nanoparticles (2008)

We present a physical model that explains several sequential stages of the conversion of optical to acoustical energy when irradiating diluted suspensions of metal nanoparticles with laser pulses. Optical absorption and scattering of a single particle driven by plasmon resonance interactions in an aqueous medium are considered. Thermal effects produced by laser-irradiated nanoparticles, dynamics of vapor bubble formation, and acoustic signals from expanding bubbles formed around heated nanoparticles are calculated. Stochastic features of the pressure magnitude emitted as a result of low-fluence irradiation of suspensions are also discussed. The probabilistic distribution of pressure magnitude from individual bubbles was found to obey Zipf's law for low concentrations of nanoparticles, while increasing their concentration brings the pressure magnitude distribution into conformance with the Gaussian law.
Reduction of benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitors by NQO1 generates hydroquinone ansamycins which are more potent Hsp90 inhibitors (2006)

1338 The benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allyamino-demethoxygeldanamycin (17AAG) can be reduced by NAD(P)H:Quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to generate a more water soluble and more potent hydroquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitor, 17AAGH2 (Guo et al., Cancer Res. 2005; 65, 10006-15). Here we extended this work to other benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitors including geldanamycin (GA), 17AG, 17DMAG and 17AEP-GA. HPLC analysis of the metabolism of these quinones by rhNQO1 revealed that all these benzoquinone ansamycin compounds could be reduced by NQO1 to form their corresponding hydroquinones. The hydroquinones, as expected, are more water soluble than their parent quinones as indicated by a shorter retention time on reverse phase HPLC. Hydroquinone formation was NQO1-dependent and could be blocked by ES936, a mechanism-based (suicide) inhibitor of NQO1. The formation of hydroquinone ansamycins following the reduction of their parent quinones by rhNQO1 was confirmed by LC-MS. We then used an isogenic pair of human breast cancer cell lines (MDA468 and MDA468/NQ16) to determine the role of NQO1 in benzoquinone ansamycin metabolism. MDA468 cells lack NQO1 activity due to a genetic polymorphism and MDA468/NQ16 cells are stably transfected MDA468 cells expressing high levels of NQO1. In growth inhibition studies (MTT) MDA468/NQ16 cells were 3-9 fold more sensitive to benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitors than the parent MDA468 cells following a 4hr drug exposure and this increased sensitivity could be abrogated by pretreatment with ES936. There was no difference in the sensitivity between these two cell lines to the non-quinone Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol under identical treatment conditions. The ability of the benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitors and their corresponding hydroquinones to inhibit purified yeast Hsp90 ATPase activity was examined. In these studies maximal inhibition was observed in the presence of NQO1 and NAD(P)H, and this increased inhibition could be abrogated by ES936. In conclusion, as seen previously with 17AAG, the reduction of benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitors including GA, 17AG, 17DMAG and 17AEP-GA by NQO1 to form their corresponding hydroquinone generates more water soluble and more potent Hsp90 inhibitors (supported by CA51210).
NFS/M: an open platform mobile file system (2002)

With the advancement of wireless networks and mobile computing, there is an increasing need to build a mobile file system that can perform efficiently and correctly for accessing online information. Previous system research on mobile file systems is based on some experimental platforms. We describe the design and implementation of a mobile file system on an open platform, the Linux kernel, and at the same time, our mobile file system is compatible with the popular NFS 2.0 protocol. We formally define the file semantics of our mobile file system, which we called NFS/M. We also specify the conditions of object conflict as well as our conflict resolution algorithms. NFS/M supports client side caching, data prefetching, file system service during the disconnected mode, data reintegration and conflict resolution on various file system objects. Since the NFS/M is based on an open platform, it serves as a basic building block for developing future mobile computing applications.
Investigations on organic fungicides: IV. Chemical constitution and fungistatic activity of dithiocarbamates, thiuram sulphides and structurally related compounds (1951)

Abstract The work reported below forms a part of current investigations on the mode of antifungal action of tetramethylthiuram disulphide and other notorious sulphur fungicides. The relations between chemical constitution and fungistatic activity, and the structural conditions for optimum activity in the group of dithiocarbamates and thiuram disulphides are dealt with. In this group the dimethyldithiocarbamate ion contains all structural elements required for optimum antifungal activity.
Fluorophore tagged bio-molecules and their applications: A brief review (2017)

Bio-molecules are principal building blocks of living species and their inter-play is the cause of bio-activities. Various sophisticated experimental techniques as well as theoretical studies have been carried out for decades to understand the functions of bio-molecules. Fluorescence, one of the popular spectroscopic techniques has been used rigorously to follow various bio-events. However, fluorescence suffers from certain limitations due to the insufficient availability of fluorescent bio-molecules. Covalent attachment of fluorophores with different bio-molecules provides a way of overcoming this problem. Lipid, steroid, sugar, nucleic, and amino acid are the 5 main classes of bio-molecules although there are many other sub-classes. This review demonstrates the applications of such conjugated fluorescent molecular probes in different domains of biological activities. This also brings out the advantages and disadvantages of this particular type of fluorophores with the insight to the future perspectives.
Integrated Batteryless Electron Timer (2010)

From the viewpoint of information security, the semiconductor timing devices are reviewed, and a promising cell with floating gate (FG) is proposed as an integrated batteryless electron timer. The first issue is the difficulty in the timing precision, which is related to the trap-detrapping phenomena in the tunnel oxide between the FG and the silicon surface. The basic idea to resolve this issue is to monitor the trap-free cells among a plurality of prepared cells. The integrated batteryless electron timer is composed of a plurality of single-polysilicon-type solid-state aging devices that are connected in parallel. The first sample is fabricated in a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process, and the measurements clearly exhibit the first evidence that we succeeded to remove the trap-detrapping-related fluctuation in the ticking operation. The resultant secondary issues on the precision, i.e., the manufacturing fluctuation (subjecting to the central-limit theorem) and the temperature dependence, are also briefly discussed.
User-Adaptive Exploration of Multidimensional Data. (2000)

In this paper we present a tool for enhanced exploration of OLAP data that is adaptive to a user&apos;s prior knowledge of the data. The tool continuously keeps track of the parts of the cube that a user has visited. The information in these scattered visited parts of the cube is pieced together to form a model of the user&apos;s expected values in the unvisited parts. The mathematical foundation for this modeling is provided by the classical Maximum Entropy principle. At any time, the user can query for the most surprising unvisited parts of the cube. The most surprising values are defined as those which if known to the user would bring the new expected values closest to the actual values. This process of updating the user&apos;s context based on visited parts and querying for regions to explore further continues in a loop until the user&apos;s mental model perfectly matches the actual cube. We believe and prove through experiments that such a user-in-the-loop exploration will enable much faster assimilation of all significant information in the data compared to existing manual explorations.