gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast 3D Imaging from a Single Borehole Using Tensor Induction Logging Data (2004)

There is growing interest in the development of new borehole electromagnetic (EM) induction methods capable of characterizing the conductivity distribution in the space surrounding the borehole. The main goal of this paper is to develop a method of three-dimensional (3-D) imaging from a single borehole using a tri-axial (tensor) induction instrument. The tensor instrument has a directional sensitivity, which allows finding the correct location of the 3-D resistive and conductive targets from single-hole data. Our method is based on the novel localized quasi-linear (LQL) approximation. The LQL approximation is specially designed for modeling the electromagnetic field generated with a moving transmitter, which is the case for borehole induction logging. The traditional approach to electromagnetic modeling and inversion requires multiple solutions for different transmitter positions. The LQL approximation makes it possible to run the forward and inverse problem at once for all the transmitters, which makes the inversion of the well-logging data much more efficient. Our study demonstrates that this method can be effectively used for 3-D imaging from a single borehole.
Replication of B19 parvovirus in highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells from normal human bone marrow (1988)

The target cell specificity of the B19 parvovirus infection was examined by isolating highly enriched hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells from normal human bone marrow. The efficiency of the B19 parvovirus replication in enriched erythroid progenitor cells was approximately 100-fold greater than that in unseparated bone marrow cells. The more-primitive progenitor cells identical to or closely related to the human pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells, on the other hand, did not support viral replication. The B19 progeny virus produced by the enriched erythroid progenitor cells was infectious and strongly suppressed erythropoiesis in vitro. The susceptibility of both the more-primitive erythroid progenitors (burst-forming units-erythroid) and the more-mature erythroid progenitors (CFU-erythroid) to the cytolytic response of the virus and the lack of effect on the myeloid progenitors (CFU-granulocyte-macrophage) further give evidence to the remarkable tropism of the B19 parvovirus for human hematopoietic cells of erythroid lineage.
Dynamics of performance measurement systems (2000)

Begins by creating a vision for dynamic performance measurement systems and goes on to describe the background to the work. Develops a model for integrated and dynamic performance measurement systems. Provides a critical review of existing frameworks, models and techniques against the model. Identifies that current knowledge and techniques are sufficiently mature to create dynamic performance measurement systems. The use of the dynamic performance measurement system is illustrated through a case study. Concludes with a series of lessons highlighting further research and development needs.
POLYSACCHARIDE 13140: A NEW THERMO‐GELABLE POLYSACCHARIDE (1973)

Polysaccharide 13140, a curdlan‐type polysaccharide produced from a culture filtrate of Alcaligenes faecalis var. myxogenes strain NTK‐u, has the unique property of forming a gel on heating. This polysaccharide is composed of β‐1,3 linked glucose residues. When heated, aqueous suspension of the polysaccharide forms an elastic gel which is thermally irreversible, heat stable and acid stable. The texture properties of the polysaccharide gel lie in between agar‐agar gel and gelatin gel. Potential applications of the polysaccharide in food processing are quite diverse and promising because it can improve such properties as viscoelasticity, palatability, binding quality, water holding capacity, heat stability and compatibility
Models for Pedestrian Behavior (1998)

The behavior of pedestrians shows certain regularities, which can be described by quantitative (partly stochastic) models. The models are based on the behavior of individual pedestrians, which depends on the pedestrian intentions and on the aspects of movement. The pedestrian intentions concerning a sequence of destinations are influenced by the demand for certain kinds of commodities, by the location of stores selling these, and by the expenditures to get the required commodities. The actual pedestrian movement starts and ends at special city entry points like parking lots. It is guided by the pedestrian intentions, but is subject to deceleration processes and avoidance maneuvers due to obstacles. As a consequence, the pedestrians have to speed up to reach the next destination well-timed. In addition, the pedestrian behavior is influenced by unexpected attractions (e.g. street artists). The model for the behavior of individual pedestrians is an ideal starting point for computer simulations of pedestrian crowds. Such simulations take into account the limited capacity of pedestrian ways and places, and allow to determine an optimal design of pedestrian areas and an optimal arrangement of store locations. Therefore, they can be applied for town- and traffic-planning. The model for the behavior of individual pedestrians also allows the derivation of mathematical equations for pedestrian crowds and for pedestrian groups. Pedestrian crowds can be described by a stochastic formulation, by a gaskinetic formulation or by a fluiddynamic formulation. The gaskinetic formulation (mezoscopic level) can be derived from the stochastic formulation (microscopic level), and the fluiddynamic formulation (macroscopic level) from the gaskinetic formulation.
Molecular Dissection of the Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12 Receptor, Cubilin, Discloses Regions Important for Membrane Association and Ligand Binding (1999)

Cubilin, the receptor for intrinsic factor-vitamin B12, is a novel type of high molecular weight receptor consisting of a 27 CUB (complement components C1r/C1s, Uegf, and bone morphogenic protein-1) domain cluster preceded by 8 epidermal growth factor repeats and a short N-terminal sequence. In addition to binding the vitamin B12-carrier complex, cubilin also binds receptor-associated protein. To delineate the structures for membrane association and ligand binding we established a panel of stable transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing overlapping segments of rat cubilin. Analysis of conditioned media and cell extracts of transfected cells revealed that the N-terminal cubilin region conveys membrane association. Helical plotting of this region demonstrated a conserved amphipathic helix pattern (Lys74-Glu109) as a candidate site for hydrophobic interactions. Ligand affinity chromatography and surface plasmon resonance analysis of the secreted cubilin fragments showed ligand binding in the CUB domain region. Further dissection of binding-active fragments localized the binding site for intrinsic factor-vitamin B12 to CUB domains 5-8 and a receptor-associated protein-binding site to CUB domains 13-14. In conclusion, the N-terminal cubilin region seems crucial for membrane association, whereas the CUB domain cluster harbors distinct sites for ligand binding.
Cyclin D1 amplification and expression in human breast carcinoma: correlation with histological prognostic markers and oestrogen receptor expression (1996)

Aims-To study the amplification of the Cyclin D1 gene (CCND1) in human breast carcinoma; to relate this to Cyclin D1 protein expression; to relate these parameters to recognised pathological prognostic factors, including oestrogen receptor (ER) status.Methods-DNA extracted from frozen sections of breast tumours (n = 36) was used for Southern blotting. Probes for CCND1, c-myc and the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus (IgH) were hybridised to tumour DNA. Immunocytochemical expression of Cyclin D1 protein and ER was studied in paraffin wax sections from the same tumours.Results-Amplification of CCND1 was observed in 11% (four of 36) of tumours studied. Over expression of Cyclin D1 protein was observed in 73% (30/41) of tumours. There was no correlation between recognised histological prognostic markers and either gene amplification or expression. However, a weak association was seen between Cyclin D1 expression and ER status.Conclusions-A disparity exists between locus amplification and over expression of Cyclin D1, suggesting the existence of another mechanism for raised protein expression. No significant correlation was detected between either Cyclin D1 amplification or over expression and established prognostic markers.
Turbulence suppression in channel flows by small amplitude transverse wall oscillations (2008)

We model and analyze the influence of small amplitude transverse wall oscillations on the evolution of velocity perturbations in channel flows. We quantify the effect of stochastic outside disturbances on velocity perturbation energy and develop a framework for the optimal selection of transverse oscillation parameters for turbulence suppression. A perturbation analysis is used to demonstrate that depending on the wall oscillation frequency the energy of velocity perturbations can be increased or decreased compared to the uncontrolled flow. Our results elucidate the capability of properly designed oscillations to reduce receptivity of the linearized Navier-Stokes equations to stochastic disturbances, which entails decreased levels of variance in wall-bounded shear flows.
Designing Functional siRNA with Reduced Off-Target Effects (2012)

RNA interference (RNAi) mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) is now widely used to knock down gene expression in a sequence-specific manner, making it a powerful tool not only for studying gene functions but also for therapeutic applications. siRNA decreases the expression level of the intended target gene with complete complementarity by cleaving its mRNA. However, the efficacy of each siRNA widely varies depending on its sequence in mammalian cells; only a limited fraction of randomly designed siRNAs is functional. Moreover, off-target silencing effects arise when the siRNA has partial complementarity in the seed region with unintended genes. Here, we describe the rational designing of functional, off-target effect-reduced siRNAs using siDirect 2.0 Web server (http://siDirect2.RNAi.jp/). By using the default parameters, siDirect 2.0 can design at least one qualified siRNA for >94% of human mRNA sequences in the RefSeq database.
<title>Adaptive wavelet eye-gaze-based video compression</title> (2003)

We present a novel approach to compression of video frames based on the foveation behavior of the human visual system (HSV). Eye fixations on a video frame, as depicted by eye-gaze trace data, define an imaginary region of interest. The perceived resolution of the frame by the human eye depends totally on this eye-gaze (fixation) point. The resolution, then, decreases dramatically with the distance from the fovea. This behavior of the HSV has gained interest in the image and video processing area recently especially in compression of images or video frames. We present an approach where eye-gaze trace data are intergral to the compression process which has demonstrated its usefulness in yielding high compression performance. We partition a video frame into three regions: the inner-most incudes a point of eye-gaze for which we apply lossless compression; an outer region which encompasses the first and for which we apply visually lossless (near-lossless) compression, and finally an outmost region where lossy compression is applied. Because of its low computational complexity, we use the Haar wavelet transform. Preliminary results are promising and show improvement over other methods which are mainly full frame based.
Equally spaced polynomials, dual bases, and multiplication in F(2/sup n/) (2002)

A proposed multiplier for finite fields given by equally spaced polynomials is based on the transformation from the polynomial basis to its dual basis, combined with multiplication by a constant. We classify the constants that are optimal regarding the cost of this operation and investigate the cost of the inverse transformation.
Isolation of Rare Tumor Cells from Blood Cells with Buoyant Immuno-Microbubbles (2013)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are exfoliated at various stages of cancer, and could provide invaluable information for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. There is an urgent need for the development of cost-efficient and scalable technologies for rare CTC enrichment from blood. Here we report a novel method for isolation of rare tumor cells from excess of blood cells using gas-filled buoyant immuno-microbubbles (MBs). MBs were prepared by emulsification of perfluorocarbon gas in phospholipids and decorated with anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibody. EpCAM-targeted MBs efficiently (85%) and rapidly (within 15 minutes) bound to various epithelial tumor cells suspended in cell medium. EpCAM-targeted MBs efficiently (88%) isolated frequent tumor cells that were spiked at 100,000 cells/ml into plasma-depleted blood. Anti-EpCAM MBs efficiently (>77%) isolated rare mouse breast 4T1, human prostate PC-3 and pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells spiked into 1, 3 and 7 ml (respectively) of plasma-depleted blood. Using EpCAM targeted MBs CTCs from metastatic cancer patients were isolated, suggesting that this technique could be developed into a valuable clinical tool for isolation, enumeration and analysis of rare cells.
OVARIAN SUPPRESSION BY DDT AND RESISTANCE IN THE HOUSE FLY (<i>MUSCA DOMESTICA</i> L.) (1965)

Suggested by immunological theory, this study was initiated to test an hypothesis on physiological induction of resistance to insecticides. The hypothesis was proved untenable in the test system, but from the experimentation emerged evidence for a chronically toxic action of DDT expressed in reduced fecundity in female house flies fed sub‐lethal amounts of this insecticide. This action can be a strong selective force, promptly revealing tolerant genotypes in the population. The usual selection for resistance does not necessarily also select for ovarian tolerance; even DDT‐resistant flies can show ovarian suppression when fed DDT‐contaminated food. It is possible that the route of administration of the DDT is important as the means by which the physiologic events described can occur as a chronic intoxication without the usual acutely toxic effects. Zusammenfassung DDT‐INDUZIERTE FRUCHTBARKEITSMINDERUNG UND RESISTENZ BEI DER STUBENFLIEGE (MUSCA DOMESTICA L. ) Der vorliegenden Arbeit liegt die Frage zugrunde, ob Stubenfliegen, die bereits im Embryonalstadium DDT ausgesetzt werden, diesem gegenüber Resistenz erwerben können. Fütterung erwachsener Stubenfliegen mit C 14 ‐markiertem DDT führt zu dessen Inkorporation schon in den Eiern der Ovarien; die Inkorporation konnte in den schlüpfenden Larven weiter verfolgt werden. In Versuchen, in denen je Versuchsglied stets nur die Nachkommenschaft eines Elternpaares (ein Eigelege) verwendet wurde, spalteten sich zwei gleichgrossen Populationen heraus: Während die eine die gleiche Anfälligkeit gegenüber DDT (0,12 μg/Fliege) aufwies wie die Nachkommenschaft DDT‐ungefütterter Eltern, war die andere Population dieser Dosis gegenüber tolerant. Die Ergebnisse von weiteren Versuchen belegen eindeutig, dass die durch DDT‐Behandlung im Embryonalstadium hervorgerufene DDT‐Toleranz primär nicht physiologisch bedingt ist, sondern primär auf genetischen Ursachen beruhen muss: Wurden DDT‐gefütterte Weibchen mit DDT‐anfälligen bzw. DDT‐resistenten Männchen, denen kein DDT zum Futter gemischt worden war, gekreuzt, so war die gesamte Nachkommenschaft DDT‐anfällig bzw. DDT‐resistent. Es ergibt sich die Frage, welches Prinzip diese genotypisch verankerte Toleranz phänotypisch in Erscheinung treten lässt. Die in den Versuchen verwendeten DDT‐Dosen waren ohne wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Eischlupf und die Mortalität von Larven und Fliegen. Dagegen senkte die Fütterung deutlich die Anzahl der zur Eiablage befähigten Weibchen und die Anzahl der von den anderen Weibchen gelegten Eier.
A High Availability Clustering Solution (1999)

Mr. Lewis tells us how he designed and implemented a simple high-availability solution for his company
Fundamentals, overtones, and combinations in the Raman spectrum of graphite (1995)

Raman spectra of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and pyrolytic graphite (PG) have been investigated in the region between 200 and 7000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The high signal-to-noise ratio measurements reveal the existence of new bands in the fundamental and the higher-order regions. The excitation wavelength (\ensuremath{\lambda}) dependence of Raman spectra is also studied using 457.9-, 488.0-, and 514.5-nm excitation. It is found that the \ensuremath{\lambda} dependence of Raman bands is classified into three types, i.e., upward shifted, insensitive, and downward shifted bands; with the increase of the excitation wavelength. The ratios of the relative intensities of Raman bands against the ${\mathit{E}}_{2\mathit{g}}$ mode (1580 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) between the edge and the basal planes (I${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathrm{edge}}$/I${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathrm{basal}}$) are examined. The fundamental and higher-order modes which become Raman active by degradation of translational symmetry increase their relative intensities in the edge plane. On the other hand, the overtone and combination modes satisfying the wave-vector selection rule by the combination of nonzero wave vectors with opposite sign show similar relative intensities between the basal and the edge planes. The assignments of Raman bands is conducted using the \ensuremath{\lambda} dependence and I${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathrm{edge}}$/I${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{\mathrm{basal}}$ for HOPG and PG. Most of the Raman bands in the higher-order region can be successfully assigned as the overtones and combinations between G, D, and D\ensuremath{'} modes.It is suggested that the additional fundamental modes exist at 810 and 1080 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ which are due to features in the density of states other than the 1355- and 1620-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ modes. These fundamentals show \ensuremath{\lambda} dependence opposite to the 1355-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ mode. Although some of the observed fundamentals or higher-order modes for HOPG (\ensuremath{\sim}1480 and 1754 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) and PG (1469 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) in this work cannot be completely explained by the existing density-of-states calculation, it is definitely denied that they are due to adsorbates, oxidized species, and other impurities.
Transformation of carbon tetrachloride via sulfur and oxygen substitution by Pseudomonas sp. strain KC (1995)

Pseudomonas sp. strain KC transforms carbon tetrachloride into carbon dioxide and nonvolatile products, without chloroform as an intermediate. To define the pathway for hydrolysis, nonvolatile products were analyzed. Condensation products containing the carbon atom of carbon tetrachloride as carbonyl and thioxo moieties were identified, indicating the intermediacy of phosgene and thiophosgene in the pathway.
Kinetic Isotope Effect for H<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> Quantum Molecular Sieving in Adsorption/Desorption on Porous Carbon Materials (2006)

Adsorption and desorption of H(2) and D(2) from porous carbon materials, such as activated carbon at 77 K, are usually fully reversible with very rapid adsorption/desorption kinetics. The adsorption and desorption of H(2) and D(2) at 77 K on a carbon molecular sieve (Takeda 3A), where the kinetic selectivity was incorporated by carbon deposition, and a carbon, where the pore structure was modified by thermal annealing to give similar pore structure characteristics to the carbon molecular sieve substrate, were studied. The D(2) adsorption and desorption kinetics were significantly faster (up to x1.9) than the corresponding H(2) kinetics for specific pressure increments/decrements. This represents the first experimental observation of kinetic isotope quantum molecular sieving in porous materials due to the larger zero-point energy for the lighter H(2), resulting in slower adsorption/desorption kinetics compared with the heavier D(2). The results are discussed in terms of the adsorption mechanism.
Simultaneous Orbit and Atmospheric Density Estimation for a Satellite Constellation (2010)

A method is defined for simultaneous atmospheric density calibration and satellite orbit determination for a satellite constellation, and a linearized observability analysis is performed to evaluate the feasibility of the approach. Such an estimation scheme will provide data-based estimates of upper atmosphere density that improve on existing models, e.g. the Jacchia models, along with enhanced accuracy of the associated satellites’ orbits. A new spline-based atmospheric density parameterization is developed that meshes well with the structure of the orbit determination problem and can be initialized so as to match the outputs of a traditional model. While conceptually similar to previous atmospheric calibration efforts, the proposed constellation approach restricts its global density estimates to the relevant satellite altitude range and thus reduces the complexity of the estimation problem. Measurements include dual-one-way-ranging between pairs of adjacent satellites in the same orbital plane, and carrier phase and pseudorange measurements between ground stations and satellites. Equations for a linearized observability analysis are derived and shown to be equivalent to the covariance calculations of an extended square-root information filter. In addition to the system observability evaluation, the impact of incorporating some a priori density information is explored. The results show that atmospheric density can be observed, but a reasonable amount of a priori information is necessary to obtain useful estimates. Degree of observability depends on the constellation configuration and dynamic model parameter values.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleopeptidic Bioconjugates Containing a Sulfamide Bridge: Linkage via the Mitsunobu Reaction. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PDLA/PLLA and PDLA/PCL nanofibers with a chitosan-based hydrogel in composite scaffolds for tissue engineered cartilage (2012)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disease in humans, causing pain, loss of joint motility and function, and severely reducing the standard of living of patients. Cartilage tissue engineering attempts to repair the damaged tissue of individuals suffering from OA by providing mechanical support to the joint as new tissue regenerates. The aim of this study was to create composite three dimensional scaffolds comprised of electrospun poly(D,L-lactide)/poly(L-lactide) (PDLA/PLLA) or poly(D,L-lactide)/polycaprolactone (PDLA/PCL) with salt leached pores and an embedded chitosan hydrogel to determine the potential of these scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. PDLA/PLLA-hydrogel scaffolds displayed the largest compressive moduli followed by PDLA/PCL-hydrogel scaffolds. Dynamic mechanical tests showed that the PDLA/PLLA scaffolds had no appreciable recovery while PDLA/PCL scaffolds did exhibit some recovery. Primary canine chondrocytes produced both collagen type II and proteoglycans (primary components of extracellular matrix in cartilage) while being cultured on scaffolds composed of electrospun PDLA/PCL. As a result, a composite electrospun embedded hydrogel scaffold shows promise for treating individuals suffering from OA.