gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NOISE REMOVAL TECHNIQUE IN NEAR-FIELD MILLIMETER-WAVE CYLINDRICAL SCANNING IMAGING SYSTEM (2014)

The accuracy of scattering measurements in near-field millimeter-wave cylindrical scanning imaging system is often degraded by the contamination from additive noise and clutter. Thus, efficient noise and clutter removal technique is necessary to achieve accuracy improvement. This paper proposes an independent component analysis denoising algorithm, which relies on the assumption of statistical independence of the sources, where high order statistical properties are used. In the algorithm, the virtual noise components are incorporated into the independent component analysis model, which expands original one-dimensional observation to virtual multi-dimensional observations. The computationally efficient sources estimation technique is presented, based on the joint diagonalization of fourth order cumulant matrix. The high speed millimeter-wave near-field cylinder scanning imaging system is set up to verify the denoising results in the range profiles, three-dimensional scatter intensity and two-dimensional projection images. Compared with three different noise models, the results indicate that the denoising algorithm shows both feasibility and validity in the near-field millimeter-wave cylindrical scanning imaging system.
Lack of periostin leads to suppression of Notch1 signaling and calcific aortic valve disease (2009)

The Postn gene encodes protein periostin. During embryonic development, it is highly expressed in the outflow tract (OFT) endocardial cushions of the developing heart, which give rise to several structures of the mature heart including the aortic valve. Periostin was previously implicated in osteoblast differentiation, cancer metastasis, and tooth and bone development, but its role in cardiac OFT development is unclear. To elucidate the role that periostin plays in the developing heart we analyzed cardiac OFT phenotype in mice after deletion of the Postn gene. We found that lack of periostin in the embryonic OFT leads to ectopic expression of the proosteogenic growth factor pleiotrophin (Ptn) and overexpression of delta-like 1 homolog (Dlk1), a negative regulator of Notch1, in the distal (prevalvular) cushions of the OFT. This resulted in suppression of Notch1 signaling, strong induction of the central transcriptional regulator of osteoblast cell fate Runx2, upregulation of osteopontin and osteocalcin expression, and subsequent calcification of the aortic valve. Our data suggest that periostin represses a default osteogenic program in the OFT cushion mesenchyme and promotes differentiation along a fibrogenic lineage. Lack of periostin causes derepression of the osteogenic potential of OFT mesenchymal cells, calcium deposition, and calcific aortic valve disease. These results establish periostin as a key regulator of OFT endocardial cushion mesenchymal cell fate during embryonic development.
Biological Studies on Nicarbazin, a New Anticoccidial Agent (1956)

NICARBAZIN, an equimolecular complex of 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine, has been studied extensively and found to be an effective anticoccidial agent for chickens. This paper summarizes the presently available information on this anticoccidial agent. CHEMICAL NATURE OF NICARBAZIN During the investigation of the therapeutic potentialities of arylureas, Cuckler, Malanga, Basso and O’Neill (1955) observed that molecular complexes of certain substituted carbanilides possessed antiparasitic activity. The complex formed with 4,4′-dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethylpyrimidine (HDP) was the most effective anticoccidial compound (Figure 1). In addition to HDP, several other compounds form equimolecular complexes with DNC. These include 2-hydroxy pyrimidine, 3-amino-as-triazine, 2-hydroxypyridine, 2-mercapto-4,6-dimethyl pyrimidine, formamide, dimethylacetamide, dimethylformamide, tetramethylurea, acetylpiperidine, and the hydrochlorides of pyridine and trimethylamine. Although the complexes formed with DNC and these various compounds had demonstrable anticoccidial activity, none was more potent than nicarbazin. Furthermore, several structural analogues of DNC were either ineffective as anticoccidial agents, or failed to form a complex …
Abstract 2034: Development of 3D bioprinted human breast cancer for <i>in vitro</i> drug screening (2014)

Abstract As breast cancer is a disease of multiple cell types in which the growth, invasion, and metastasis of epithelial carcinomas is heavily influenced by the surrounding cell types, screening of anti-cancer compounds using cancer cell lines grown in 2D often overestimates drug potency. Regulatory agencies are currently seeking improved preclinical oncology models to overcome hurdles to efficient drug development, including bridging the gap between the use of 2D cell lines and 3D animal models. One way to more accurately determine the effects of anti-cancer compounds is through the use of cancer tissue models that incorporate stromal cells of the tumor microenvironment. Breast stroma, composed of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and adipocytes, plays a key role in the process of carcinogenesis and metastasis. These cell types secrete extracellular matrix, growth factors, and hormones that affect how therapeutic agents access and target cancer cells. We have used Organovo's NovoGen BioprintingTM Platform to develop a model of human breast cancer in which a core of breast cancer cells is surrounded by a physiologically-relevant stromal milieu consisting of adipocytes, mammary fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. This system has several advantages over current screening tools, including the ability to simultaneously measure the effects of small molecules on cancer cells as well as different cell types in the breast microenvironment. Histological analyses of bioprinted neotissues demonstrated that they were stable and viable for at least 14 days in culture and characterized by interaction between stroma and carcinoma compartments. Incorporation of endothelial cells into the 3D neotissue led to the formation of robust microvascular networks. Breast cancer neotissues were fabricated directly into multi-well plates and used to establish biological response profiles to the standard chemotherapeutic agents cisplatin, paclitaxel, methotrexate, and tamoxifen. The cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs on specific cell types within the neotissues were assessed biochemically and histologically. he response of the 3D breast cancer neotissues to chemotherapeutic gents was compared to the response of 2D breast cancer cell lines to determine he relative efficacy of compounds in 2D versus 3D. This model can be used to screen new anti-cancer therapeutics in the context of the in vivo-like microenvironment, leading to enhanced efficiency and accuracy of the drug development process. Citation Format: Shelby M. King, Sharon C. Presnell, Deborah G. Nguyen. Development of 3D bioprinted human breast cancer for in vitro drug screening. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2034. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2034
677. The nature of the co-ordinate link. Part IV. Complex formation by phosphorus trifluoride (1951)

J. Chatt and A. A. Williams, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 3061 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510003061
Efficient Processing of Alternately Polarized Radar Signals (1989)

Processing of simultaneous measurements of differential polarization parameters (differential reflectivity, ZDR, and differential phase shift, ϕDP) and Doppler spectral moments is discussed. It is shown how ZDR and ϕDP modulate the Doppler signal and what effects they have on the autocovariance at lag 1 if a sequence of alternately polarized fields (linear horizontal, H, and vertical, V) is transmitted. A scheme to overcome these effects is proposed and demonstrated on recorded time series data from a radar with polarization diversity.
Enhancement of narrow-band terahertz radiation from photoconducting antennas by optical pulse shaping (1996)

We report the use of optical pulse shaping to convert single femtosecond pulses into lower-intensity pulse sequences for excitation of photoconductive dipole antennas, which results in the generation of bursts of tunable narrow-band free-space terahertz radiation. Our experiments demonstrate that the use of such pulse sequences can significantly enhance the spectral amplitude of the narrow-band terahertz radiation by avoiding the saturation effects that occur with single-pulse excitation. Our technique also provides the capability for terahertz wave-form shaping.
A Tumor-selective Biotherapy With Prolonged Impact on Established Metastases Based on Cytokine Gene-engineered MSCs (2008)

The poor prognosis for patients with advanced malignancy relates partly to the inability to reverse cancer metastasis. In this study we have investigated an integrated immunotherapy method against pre-established metastases in three kinds of advanced cancer models including B16 melanoma, 4T1 breast tumor, and Hca hepatoma. The progression of metastases into multistep lymph nodes (LN) and internal organs was, markedly impeded in the midway stage and reversed in the ultimate stage following a 20-day course of intravenous immunotherapy [with interleukin-12 (IL-12) gene-engineered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), administered once every 5 days P < 0.05)]; the therapy was without systemic toxic effects. As the control, obvious systemic toxicity was observed in the free AdIL-12 group, yet metastasis was partly delayed only in the midway stage but not in the ultimate stage. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) showed that the intratumoral expression levels of IL-12 were enhanced by cytokine-engineered MSCs to be tenfold greater than that of free AdIL-12 groups in the ultimate stage; conversely, free AdIL-12 groups showed elevated serum, but not intratumoral levels of IL-12, during the midway stage. Furthermore, histomorphometric analysis revealed a reductive tendency toward reversion of tumor-associated lymphatic sprouts and an increased tumor apoptosis index in engineered MSC groups (P < 0.05). These data indicate the potential of cytokine-engineered MSCs to be considered as an integrated therapeutic weapon for targeting advanced malignancies.
Miniature, minimally invasive, tunable endoscope for investigation of the middle ear (2015)

We demonstrate a miniature, tunable, minimally invasive endoscope for diagnosis of the auditory system. The probe is designed to sharply image anatomical details of the middle ear without the need for physically adjusting the position of the distal end of the endoscope. This is achieved through the addition of an electrowetted, tunable, electronically-controlled lens to the optical train. Morphological imaging is enabled by scanning light emanating from an optical coherence tomography system. System performance was demonstrated by imaging part of the ossicular chain and wall of the middle ear cavity of a normal mouse. During the experiment, we electronically moved the plane of best focus from the incudo-stapedial joint to the stapedial artery. Repositioning the object plane allowed us to image anatomical details of the middle ear beyond the depth of field of a static optical system. We also demonstrated for the first time to our best knowledge, that an optical system with an electrowetted, tunable lens may be successfully employed to measure sound-induced vibrations within the auditory system by measuring the vibratory amplitude of the tympanic membrane in a normal mouse in response to pure tone stimuli.
Reactions of a 3(2<i>H</i>)-Furanone Lithium Enolate with 4-Halocrotonates (1999)

Depending upon the solvent and reaction conditions, reactions of the lithium dienolate 2 with 4-halocrotonate esters 3 gave largely the simple alkylation product 4, a mixture of diastereomeric cyclopropyl esters 5, or the halo 7-oxabicycloheptanones 6.
Template-directed interference footprinting of protein-guanine contacts in DNA (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTemplate-directed interference footprinting of protein-guanine contacts in DNAKathleen C. Hayashibara and Gregory L. VerdineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 13, 5104–5106Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00013a080RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A new model for Overhauser enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance using nitroxide radicals (2007)

Nitroxide free radicals are the most commonly used source for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments and are also exclusively employed as spin labels for electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy of diamagnetic molecules and materials. Nitroxide free radicals have been shown to have strong dipolar coupling to (1)H in water, and thus result in large DNP enhancement of (1)H NMR signal via the well known Overhauser effect. The fundamental parameter in a DNP experiment is the coupling factor, since it ultimately determines the maximum NMR signal enhancements which can be achieved. Despite their widespread use, measurements of the coupling factor of nitroxide free radicals have been inconsistent, and current models have failed to successfully explain our experimental data. We found that the inconsistency in determining the coupling factor arises from not taking into account the characteristics of the ESR transitions, which are split into three (or two) lines due to the hyperfine coupling of the electron to the (14)N nuclei (or (15)N) of the nitric oxide radical. Both intermolecular Heisenberg spin exchange interactions as well as intramolecular nitrogen nuclear spin relaxation mix the three (or two) ESR transitions. However, neither effect has been taken into account in any experimental studies on utilizing or quantifying the Overhauser driven DNP effects. The expected effect of Heisenberg spin exchange on Overhauser enhancements has already been theoretically predicted and observed by Bates and Drozdoski [J. Chem. Phys. 67, 4038 (1977)]. Here, we present a new model for quantifying Overhauser enhancements through nitroxide free radicals that includes both effects on mixing the ESR hyperfine states. This model predicts the maximum saturation factor to be considerably higher by the effect of nitrogen nuclear spin relaxation. Because intramolecular nitrogen spin relaxation is independent of the nitroxide concentration, this effect is still significant at low radical concentrations where electron spin exchange is negligible. This implies that the only correct way to determine the coupling factor of nitroxide free radicals is to measure the maximum enhancement at different concentrations and extrapolate the results to infinite concentration. We verify our model with a series of DNP experimental studies on (1)H NMR signal enhancement of water by means of (14)N as well as (15)N isotope enriched nitroxide radicals.
New light from hybrid inorganic–organic emitters (2008)

We present the highlights of a research programme on hybrid inorganic–organic light emitters. These devices combine recent developments in III–V nitride technology (including UV emitting micro-arrays and specifically tailored quantum wells) with conjugated polymers to access the entire visible spectrum. Two types of devices are studied, those based on down conversion of the quantum well emission by radiative transfer and those based on non-radiative resonant energy transfer. The spectral and operating characteristics of the devices are described in detail. Selectable colour micro-arrays and bar emitters are demonstrated. The nature of the non-radiative energy transfer process has also been studied and we find transfer efficiencies of up to 43% at 15 K, with a 1/R2 dependence on the distance between quantum well and polymer layer, suggesting a plane–plane interaction. The relative importance of the non-radiative resonant energy transfer process increases with temperature to be up to 20 times more efficient, at 300 K, than the radiative transfer process.
User modeling and knowledge-based support: on the evaluation of improved system design (2003)

Various approaches to user modeling are presented and the possibility for verification is assessed. In a larger context, this leads to the issue of evaluating and validating combined human-machine systems in the presence of model-based and expert-system-based operator support. With such support, detailed measures and analyses of the overall system performance become more important. An example of a project that deals with a multi-expert-system supported graphical dialogue environment (GRADIENT) illustrates some of the aspects of designing experiments and other suitable approaches for assessing the system's impact on the human operator's behavior and performance. The general guideline is to plan evaluation bottom up, combining many specific or restricted aspects in order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the overall systems. It is suggested that, even with full use of existing methodologies, the evaluation of complex operator support systems may fail, and, therefore, directions for research are proposed that appear promising.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<i>In Vivo</i> Studies Suggest that Induction of VanS-Dependent Vancomycin Resistance Requires Binding of the Drug to <scp>d</scp> -Ala- <scp>d</scp> -Ala Termini in the Peptidoglycan Cell Wall (2013)

VanRS two-component regulatory systems are key elements required for the transcriptional activation of inducible vancomycin resistance genes in bacteria, but the precise nature of the ligand signal that activates these systems has remained undefined. Using the resistance system in Streptomyces coelicolor as a model, we have undertaken a series of in vivo studies which indicate that the VanS sensor kinase in VanB-type resistance systems is activated by vancomycin in complex with the d-alanyl-d-alanine (d-Ala-d-Ala) termini of cell wall peptidoglycan (PG) precursors. Complementation of an essential d-Ala-d-Ala ligase activity by constitutive expression of vanA encoding a bifunctional d-Ala-d-Ala and d-alanyl-d-lactate (d-Ala-d-Lac) ligase activity allowed construction of strains that synthesized variable amounts of PG precursors containing d-Ala-d-Ala. Assays quantifying the expression of genes under VanRS control showed that the response to vancomycin in these strains correlated with the abundance of d-Ala-d-Ala-containing PG precursors; strains producing a lower proportion of PG precursors terminating in d-Ala-d-Ala consistently exhibited a lower response to vancomycin. Pretreatment of wild-type cells with vancomycin or teicoplanin to saturate and mask the d-Ala-d-Ala binding sites in nascent PG also blocked the transcriptional response to subsequent vancomycin exposure, and desleucyl vancomycin, a vancomycin analogue incapable of interacting with d-Ala-d-Ala residues, failed to induce van gene expression. Activation of resistance by a vancomycin-d-Ala-d-Ala PG complex predicts a limit to the proportion of PG that can be derived from precursors terminating in d-Ala-d-Lac, a restriction also enforced by the bifunctional activity of the VanA ligase.
Image retrieval using texture based on DCT (2002)

A new content-based image retrieval method using texture information is proposed. For efficient image retrieval, it extracts low-level image texture features as a content retrieval index. The proposed feature extraction uses some discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients which represent some dominant directions and gray level variations of the image. Our method also uses a hierarchical similarity measure for efficient retrieval, making it possible to reduce the search space in a large image database. In an experiment using a database of 200 images, our method shows a higher performance in the retrieval rate and processing time than Tamura's (1976). Therefore, our approach for extracting features in the transform domain can provide a solution to storage space problem with its ease of computation.
Natural occurrence of trichothecenes in domestic wheats and barleys harvested in 1990 and 1991, and production of mycotoxins by Fusarium isolates from these samples (1992)

The occurrence of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) was surveyed on domestic wheat and barley samples harvested in 1990 and 1991, and the 11 strains of Fusarium species were isolated from the tested samples and were examined on their producibility of mycotoxins such as DON and NIV. Among the 44 samples (27 of wheat and 17 of barley samples), 15 wheat and 14 barley samples were positive for NIV and 7 wheat samples and 8 barley samples were positive for DON, respectively. Multiple contamination of NIV and DON was detected on 6 wheat and 7 barley samples. Six isolates of Fusarium graminearum from 4 barley samples which had been contaminated with Fusarium toxins, produced NIV on polished rice culture.
HLA class I antigen expression is associated with a favorable prognosis in early stage non‐small cell lung cancer (2007)

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I displays a repertoire of endogenously processed peptides to CD8(+) T lymphocytes. The present study assessed correlations between HLA class I expression, clinicopathologic factors, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells in human non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Expression of HLA class I was assessed in 161 resected primary NSCLC by immunohistochemistry using EMR8-5, a novel monoclonal anti-pan HLA class I heavy chain antibody. Expression of HLA class I was classified into three categories: strongly positive, weakly positive, or negative. Tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) lymphocytes and CD56(+) natural killer cells within cancer nests and stroma were also counted. Expression of HLA class I was strongly positive in 50 tumors, weakly positive in 57 tumors, and negative in 54 tumors. Down-regulation of HLA class I was significantly correlated with male sex, history of smoking, non-adenocarcinoma histology, and moderate-/low-grade differentiation. The density of cancer nest-infiltrating CD8(+) cells in HLA class I-negative tumors was significantly decreased compared to that in HLA class I strongly positive tumors (P < 0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant favorable influence on overall survival for patients displaying tumors with strongly positive expression of HLA class I (P < 0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed down-regulation of HLA class I as an independent factor of poor prognosis in pathological stage I patients, but not in late-stage patients. These results suggest that down-regulation of HLA class I expression in NSCLC is a marker of poor prognosis, and this may play a critical role in immune surveillance of patients with NSCLC.