gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abnormal Gastric and Small Intestinal Motor Function in Diabetes mellitus (1997)

It is now well recognized that the prevalence of delayed gastric emptying in both insulin-dependent as well as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is high. Recently performed studies have shown that motor disorders of several parts of the upper gastrointestinal tract contribute to this delay in gastric emptying. Traditionally, disordered motility in diabetes mellitus has been attributed to irreversible autonomic nerve damage. However, recent observations indicate that hyperglycemia causes a reversible impairment of motility in various regions of the gastrointestinal tract. Upper gastrointestinal symptoms are highly prevalent in diabetes mellitus. These dyspeptic symptoms are not only induced by delayed gastric emptying, but altered visceroperception also plays a role in the genesis of dyspeptic symptoms. There is increasing evidence that impaired gastric emptying influences glycemia control, but the clinical consequences of these observations need further investigation. At present dyspeptic symptoms form the rationale for the treatment of delayed gastric emptying with prokinetic drugs.
The HAP3 regulatory locus of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes divergent overlapping transcripts. (1988)

Activation of the CYC1 upstream activation site, UAS2, and transcription of several other genes encoding respiratory functions requires the product of the regulatory gene HAP2. We report here the isolation and characterization of a second UAS2 regulatory gene, HAP3. Like mutations in HAP2, a mutation in HAP3 abolishes the activity of UAS2 and prevents growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. The HAP3 gene was cloned and, surprisingly, was found to encode two divergently transcribed, overlapping transcripts: a 570-base RNA and a 3-kilobase (kb) RNA. Chromosomal disruption experiments defined the critical region for HAP3 function to a 1.3-kb segment in which the two transcripts overlap. Analysis of the HAP3 DNA sequence showed that the 570-base transcript could encode a protein of 144 amino acids. Synthesis of the 144-amino-acid protein under regulatory control in vivo demonstrated that this protein is essential for activity of UAS2 as well as for growth on nonfermentable carbon sources. The largest open reading frame in the critical region of the 3-kb transcript is only 86 amino acids. Using site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrated that the 86-amino-acid open reading frame was not involved in UAS2 activity. The possible role of this 3-kb antisense RNA in HAP3 expression or function is discussed.
Morphological changes in adult males from resistance exercise and amino acid supplementation. (1988)

Des adultes masculins prennent part a une etude examinant les effets du controle ponderal, de l'apport alimentaire des acides amines non essentiels tels que l'arginine et l'ornithine, sur la masse corporelle, le tissu adipeux et la circonference corporelle. Les resultats montrent des differences significatives dans la masse corporelle, le tissu adipeux dans les groupes prenant des acides amines, compare au groupe prenant des placebos. La resistance a l'exercice avec un supplement dietetique (arginine et ornithine) reduira la masse corporelle et le tissu adipeux
Analysis of Slow Read DoS Attack and Countermeasures on Web servers (2015)

The ideas and techniques of DoS (Denial of Service) and DDoS (Distributed DoS) Attack strategies become more effective and more complex. In this paper, we focus on a Slow Read DoS Attack which is one of the sophisticated DoS attack techniques. This technique prolongs time to read the response from the Web server, although an attacker sends a legitimate HTTP request. When an attacker sends many such legitimate requests, he can keep many open connections to Web server and eventually cause DoS situation. In this paper, we analyze the effectiveness of Slow Read DoS Attack using the virtual network environment. As the result, we can find that Slow Read DoS Attack by a single attacker can be prevented by adequate security settings of Web server and applying countermeasure such as ModSecurity. However, from the analysis of Slow Read DoS Attack technique, we can also find that these countermeasures are not effective against distributed Slow Read DoS Attack (Slow Read Distributed DoS Attack) which is proposed in this paper.
iBeam: Intelligent client-side multi-user beamforming in wireless networks (2014)

Frequently, client-side wireless devices have a view of multiple WiFi access points, whether from open residential and commercial networks, corporate networks, or mesh networks. Given the increasing number of radios and antennas in today's wireless devices, residual capacity from these multiple APs could be leveraged if client devices communicate with multiple APs simultaneously. In this paper, we exploit multi-user multi-input multi-output (MU-MIMO) technology to improve throughput and reliability in both directions of a wireless connection. For uplink, we use multi-user beamforming to enable the client devices to send multiple data streams to multiple APs simultaneously. For downlink, we leverage interference nulling technology to allow the client devices to decode parallel packets from multiple APs. This iBeam system requires no changes to existing APs or backhaul networks and is compatible with the IEEE 802.11 standards. We experimentally evaluate iBeam and show significant throughput improvements over both single-AP connections and multi-AP connections in a time division mode. The client's reliability and stability are also significantly improved due to the multi-AP diversity gain.
Implementation of reliable and efficient remote procedure calls (2002)

A new mechanism for RPC (remote procedure calls) execution is introduced, and test results are provided. The key advantages of the new mechanism are: (1) it offers an RPC mechanism with increased fault tolerance; (2) the chances of occurrence of message orphans are greatly reduced; (3) the network communication with the servers and the execution of the procedures remotely in the server nodes go on approximately in parallel; (4) detection of communication errors is easy and feasible; and (5) the mechanism is transparent to the user.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A highly sensitive a-Si photodetector array with integrated filter for optical detection in MEMS (2009)

This paper presents a highly sensitive photo-detector array deposited on a glass substrate with an integrated optical filter. The active element is a vertically integrated hydrogenated amorphous silicon photodiode featuring a dark current of less than 1e-10 A/cm2 for -3V bias voltage and a maximal quantum efficiency of 80% near 580 nm. The prototype was encapsulated and tested optically. It has a fill factor of only 44% which, however, can be easily increased to 90% using flip-chip bonding to an integrated electronic circuit for signal conditioning. The sensor is bio-compatible and can be integrated with other glass-based MEMS devices.
Colouring our foods in the last and next millennium (2000)

Abstract Colour in one form or another, has been added to our foods for centuries. It is known that the Egyptians coloured candy, and wine was coloured as long ago as 400 Bc. The developing food industry had available a vast array of synthetic colours in the late 1800s. This led to colours being added for decorative purposes and unfortunately to disguise low quality foods. There was no control over this use of colour and so inevitably legislation came into force. In particular this was as a result of health concerns over some of the toxic compounds used. An established list of permitted synthetic colours eventually came into force in most countries early in this century. In the last twenty years however, consumers have become increasingly aware of the ingredients in their foods and as such they require foods to be as ‘natural’ as possible. This combined with technological developments has fuelled the increase in the usage of naturally derived colours. Today the food industry has an extensive colour palette available, allowing selection of the most suitable colour for their application requirements. Legislation is also in place to protect the consumer. Colour suppliers are however constantly striving to improve the technical and physical properties of their colour portfolio, to make the use of colour easier, to improve the stability and to meet customer demands on the functional additives used within colour formulations. This paper will review all colours in terms of recent developments and regulations as well as addressing the question of the future of colours in the next millennium.
T2 values in the human brain: comparison with quantitative assays of iron and ferritin. (1989)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with a whole-body imager was performed in 10 fresh, unfixed whole human brains selected randomly from cadavers. All subjects were neurologically intact before death. T2 time constants were measured within the caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus, cortical gray matter, subcortical white matter, and optic radiation. These regions were then excised, and T2 values were measured again with a 1.5-T MR spectrometer. Quantitative assays of iron, ferritin, and protein from these areas were then performed. Iron concentration varied significantly among brain regions, whereas ferritin and protein concentrations were constant among brain regions and among individuals. Neither iron nor ferritin concentration showed any consistent correlation with T2 values. Histologic examination of brain micro-sections with iron- and ferritin-specific stains of demonstrated poor correlation with biochemical assays of ferritin and iron concentrations. Results indicate that T2 values correlate poorly with iron and ferritin concentrations found in neurologically intact brains.
Genome of Multidrug-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strain NA114 from India (2011)

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) causes serious infections in people at risk and has a significant environmental prevalence due to contamination by human and animal excreta. In developing countries, UPEC assumes importance in certain dwellings because of poor community/personal hygiene and exposure to contaminated water or soil. We report the complete genome sequence of E. coli strain NA114 from India, a UPEC strain with a multidrug resistance phenotype and the capacity to produce extended-spectrum beta-lactamase. The genome sequence and comparative genomics emanating from it will be significant in under-standing the genetic makeup of diverse UPEC strains and in boosting the development of new diagnostics/vaccines.
Large-area radio frequency plasma sources for fusion applications (1998)

Four powerful inductively coupled radio frequency (rf) plasma generators producing 90 A, 55 kV hydrogen beams were manufactured for the second injector of ASDEX Upgrade. The design of the source and the power supply was optimized based on the experience with a prototype source. During conditioning of the first two sources, it was demonstrated that power efficiency, transmission of the beam power and reliability meet all requirements. The start of the neutral beam injection with the second injector is scheduled for October 1997. Recently, also negative ions in rf sources are being investigated within a collaboration with CEA Cadarache. In this development project a positive ion prototype rf source is being utilized with a small extraction area (48 cm2) and a 700 G cm magnetic filter. Without cesium a current density of 4.5 mA/cm2 was achieved so far at elevated pressure (1.6 Pa), the H−-current density being proportional to the rf power. At medium pressure (0.6 Pa) the current density is lower approximately by a factor of 5, but preliminary results with cesium injection show a relative increase by almost the same factor in this pressure range. Probe measurements indicate electron temperatures of 2.5–4.5 eV close to the plasma grid. Attempts to improve the performance by better plasma confinement, different wall materials, and filter strengths are under way.
Extracting Human Settlement Footprint from Historical Topographic Map Series Using Context-Based Machine Learning (2017)

Information extraction from historical maps represents a persistent challenge due to inferior graphical quality and large data volume in digital map archives, which can hold thousands of digitized map sheets. In this paper, we describe an approach to extract human settlement symbols in United States Geological Survey (USGS) historical topographic maps using contemporary building data as the contextual spatial layer. The presence of a building in the contemporary layer indicates a high probability that the same building can be found at that location on the historical map. We describe the design of an automatic sampling approach using these contemporary data to collect thousands of graphical examples for the symbol of interest. These graphical examples are then used for robust learning to then carry out feature extraction in the entire map. We employ a Convolutional Neural Network (LeNet) for the recognition task. Results are promising and will guide the next steps in this research to provide an unsupervised approach to extracting features from historical maps.
Borverbindungen, XXVII<sup>1)</sup> Borylierung verschiedener Aminocarbonsäuren (1974)

Abstract Aminocarbonsäuren H 2 N‐(CH 2 ),‐COOH (n = 1‐3, 5) sowie Sarkosin und Phenylalanin lassen sich mit Hilfe von Triäthylboran in Acetonitril bei ca. 80°C unter Abspaltung von 1 mol Äthan in die O ‐Diäthylboryl‐Derivate 1a–f umwandeln. Diäthylboryl‐pivalat beschleunigt die Veresterungen. Die N ‐Diäthylborylierung der 4‐Aminobuttersäure (n = 3) zu 2e und der 6‐Aminocapronsäure (n = 5) zu 2f gelingt in siedendem Triäthylboran in Gegenwart von Diäthylboryl‐pivalat. Die Diäthylborylester 1a des Glycins und 1b des β‐Alanins bilden zwar mit “aktiviertem Triäthylboran” stabile fünf‐ bzw. sechsgliedrige Ringe mit koordinativer BN‐Bindung; diese reagieren jedoch mit Diäthylboryl‐pivalat oberhalb 80°C unter Abspaltung von 1 mol Äthan zu den N ‐(B‐Pivaloyloxyäthylboryl)aminocarbonsäure‐diäthylborylestern 3a und b weiter. Aus β‐Alanin erhält man mit Diäthylboryl‐pivalat das O,N ‐ Bis(B‐pivaloyloxyathylboryl)‐β‐alanin (4b) .
Certificate Authentication in SIP (2007)

This document defines requirements for adding certificate
authentication to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). This document
is being presented with the intention of providing clear requirements
to any potential solutions specifying certificate authentication
within SIP networks. Supporting certificate authentication in SIP
would provide strong authentication and increase the types of possible
deployment scenarios.
An intelligent electronic English-Japanese dictionary system can disambiguate the senses of prepositions appearing in a sentence just as language experts do (2003)

Due to the remarkable progress in computer network technology as well as artificial intelligence, in the very near future we Japanese may read English texts through CRT displays with the aid of an electronic English-Japanese dictionary. Whenever we encounter any unknown word, we may learn the sense from the dictionary by pointing at the unknown word with a mouse. It is easy to display all the contents of the dictionary related to any word of concern. However, the contents would contain more than enough senses and the user may be at a loss which of them to choose. For example, if we look up the preposition "of" in Shogakukan Random House English-Japanese Dictionary, 2nd Edition, we find 20 senses. Which of the 20 senses should be chosen in a given sentence? Language experts seem to make full use of various knowledge sources, such as syntax and semantics, to disambiguate the senses to narrow down to the right one. The article is a preliminary attempt to incorporate language experts' intelligence into an intelligent electronic English-Japanese dictionary system.
Piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope as an angular velocity sensor (1996)

Abstract Guidelines are given for designing a piezoelectric vibratory gyroscope to be used as an angular velocity sensor. First, a basic equivalent circuit is given and an approximate equation is derived for sensitivity. Based on the equation, guidelines and issues related to improving sensitivity are discussed. The relationship between the output signal and difference in resonance frequencies of the driving and detecting sides is investigated for cases where the angular velocity is either constant or changing sinusoidally with time. The results are then used to determine the resonance frequencies. Furthermore, a design guideline based on an integral equivalent circuit, which has taken the effects of leakage output into consideration, is discussed and an approach is suggested for supporting the gyroscope. Finally, the performances of various gyroscopes are compared and the utility of a piezoelectric gyroscope as an angular velocity sensor is discussed.
TiO2-polymer composites for biomedical applications. (1997)

Composite hydrogels of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and poly-(methyl metacrylate) (PMMA) reinforced with a bioceramic, TiO2, have been prepared by reactive moulding from a mixture of the bioceramic with PMMA beads and acrylic acid. Cylindrical specimens with various TiO2-polymer compositions, but a constant 3:1 PAA/PMMA ratio were obtained, and their corresponding swelling behavior was followed at pH = 7.0 and pH = 8.0 in buffered solution at 37 degrees C. The composition and structure of the composites prepared was studied by thermogravimetry, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The composites prepared present a considerable consistency, even in hydrated media, since their swelling behavior is rather sensitive to the pH of the media. Specific polar interactions of the carboxylic groups of the hydrophilic polymer component PAA with the surface of TiO2 particles, modulate the behavior of the composites against the hydration processes at different pH.
Bloom filters for data aggregation and discovery: a hierarchical clustering approach (2005)

This work addresses the data aggregation problem by tightly integrating the processes of building and maintaining distributed data structures while optimally serving queries over the network. Importantly, the approach goes beyond existing clustering techniques by addressing the incremental problem at the same time as the query problem.
Image Analysis Procedures for Characterizing the Fractal Dimension of Fineparticles (1987)

Abstract Fractal geometry developed by Mandelbrot is finding many applications in the description of rugged fineparticles and fineparticle systems such as packed powder beds. In the earlier publications dealing with the fractal structure of fineparticle boundaries a great deal of the experimental work was carried out manually. This was time consuming and limited the amount of investigative work which could be undertaken in a given context. In this communication several algorithms for automating the evaluation of the fractal dimensions of rugged fineparticle boundaries by automated image analysis are explored. Comparative data generated by the various procedures are presented.
Osteogenic activity of bone morphogenetic protein and hydroxyapatite composite implants. (1993)

In an experimental study in rats hydroxyapatite (HA) ceramics of characteristics and inactive rat bone matrix were investigated comparatively for their suitability as carriers for osteoinductive factors. Bone morphogenetic protein was extracted from long bones of pigs under dissociative conditions and partially purified by gel filtration. The resulting pBMP was combined with the granular hydroxyapatite ceramics Osprovit, Algipore, Frialit and inactive rat bone matrix (IBM) by precipitation of aliquots of this pBMP fraction onto pellets of each carrier material. The osteogenic activity of these composite implants and of corresponding controls was bioassayed by implantation into muscle pouches of immunodeficient rats. All pBMP-HA ceramic implants elicited ectopic bone formation within 25 days after implantation, whereas control implants did not show any osteoinductive ability. Alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity of the explant tissues was determined for quantitation of bone formation. Due to the high incidence of bone formation found in each pBMP group all HA ceramics tested seem to be basically suitable as carriers for osteoinductive factors. Algipore, a highly porous phycogen HA ceramic, was found to be quantitatively superior to all other materials investigated due to its very large surface available for protein binding.
Is Amnisure<sup>®</sup> useful in the management of women with prelabour rupture of the membranes? (2010)

Amnisure® is clinically useful when the clinician is uncertain about the diagnosis but not useful when the clinician is confident about the diagnosis. The use of Amnisure® in women where the diagnosis is uncertain is likely to significantly change management, including reduced hospitalisation for women with preterm PROM.
Wavelength stability of DFB lasers for non-hermetic applications (2002)

As the opto-electronics telecommunication components industry moves toward higher speed, lower cost packages, with higher and higher levels of integration, the need for non-hermetic distributed feedback (DFB) laser diodes has arrived. As an example, we have integrated these laser diodes into non-hermetic 2.5 Gbit/s transponder samples, which have demonstrated 20-kilometer link distances. We consider here DFB lasers for non-hermetic telecommunication applications. One of the critical issues facing non-hermetic laser diodes involves proper passivation of the laser facet region to prevent electro-chemical corrosion of the InP semiconductor material. One approach involves the use of a polymer encapsulent to protect the laser diode from electrochemical corrosion induced by moisture. However, polymer encapsulent does not inhibit moisture penetration, and may only passivate the laser diode at the junction region. Our approach involves the use of an Al/sub x/Ta/sub y/O/sub z/ facet coating that inhibits the absorption of moisture and serves as both a back (highly reflective) and front (antireflective) coating. For the non-hermetic DFB laser, we are concerned with not only moisture penetration and facet coating delamination, but also wavelength stability which is highly sensitive to changes in facet coating refractive index. We have examined the power aging and wavelength stability of non-hermetic DFB lasers with two different Al/sub x/Ta/sub y/D/sub z/ facet coatings under temperature/humidity/bias (THB) conditions. Small populations of lasers have been subjected to 85 C/85% RH conditions under low bias (/spl sim/10 mA) conditions. It is extremely important to accelerate the effects of moisture and humidity in these laser diodes to ensure that they remain robust for 15-20 years in non-hermetic environments. Low bias prevents the laser junction region from heating up with respect to the local ambient, yet still provides ample potential (/spl sim/1V) to promote any electro-chemical corrosion effects. The use of low current effectively prevents the laser from drying out (which will drastically lower the relative humidity at the junction region) and generating false negative results. Data is provided on wavelength and power stability of nonhermetic DFB lasers subjected to accelerated THB conditions. To our knowledge this is the first reported data on wavelength stability of non-hermetic DFB lasers in hot humid ambients.