gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GENETICS OF RESISTANCE TO WHEAT LEAF RUST (1996)

Leaf rust (caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici) is the most widespread and regularly occurring rust on wheat. Genetic resistance is the most economical method of reducing yield losses due to leaf rust. To date, 46 leaf rust resistance genes have been designated and mapped in wheat. Resistance gene expression is dependent on the genetics of host-parasite interaction, temperature conditions, plant developmental stage, and interaction between resistance genes with suppressors or other resistance genes in the wheat genomes. Genes expressed in seedling plants have not provided long-lasting effective leaf rust resistance. Adult-plant resistance genes Lr13 and Lr34 singly and together have provided the most durable resistance to leaf rust in wheat throughout the world. Continued efforts to isolate, characterize, and map leaf rust resistance genes is essential given the ability of the leaf rust fungus to overcome deployed resistance genes.
Experiments with single-wire transmission lines at 3-cm wavelength (1953)

In this paper are described some results of experiments carried out in 1950 on single-wire transmission lines at a wavelength of 3 cm. The attenuations of various dielectric-coated wires have been measured and the results found to be in good agreement with the calculated values. The properties of matched loads and wire supports have been examined and also the effect of moisture and rain on the transmission loss. The latter effect is very marked and will seriously limit the application of single-wire transmission lines at 3-cm wavelength.
Salts of an Aquoammonomolybdic Acid<sup>1,2</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalts of an Aquoammonomolybdic Acid1,2George W. Watt and Darwin D. DaviesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2041–2043Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secreted glutamic protease rescues aspartic protease Pep deficiency in Aspergillus fumigatus during growth in acidic protein medium (2011)

In an acidic protein medium Aspergillus fumigatus secretes an aspartic endoprotease (Pep) as well as tripeptidyl-peptidases, a prolyl-peptidase and carboxypeptidases. In addition, LC-MS/MS revealed a novel glutamic protease, AfuGprA, homologous to Aspergillus niger aspergillopepsin II. The importance of AfuGprA in protein digestion was evaluated by deletion of its encoding gene in A. fumigatus wild-type D141 and in a pepΔ mutant. Either A. fumigatus Pep or AfuGprA was shown to be necessary for fungal growth in protein medium at low pH. Exoproteolytic activity is therefore not sufficient for complete protein hydrolysis and fungal growth in a medium containing proteins as the sole nitrogen source. Pep and AfuGprA constitute a pair of endoproteases active at low pH, in analogy to A. fumigatus alkaline protease (Alp) and metalloprotease I (Mep), where at least one of these enzymes is necessary for fungal growth in protein medium at neutral pH. Heterologous expression of AfuGprA in Pichia pastoris showed that the enzyme is synthesized as a preproprotein and that the propeptide is removed through an autoproteolytic reaction at low pH to generate the mature protease. In contrast to A. niger aspergillopepsin II, AfuGprA is a single-chain protein and is structurally more similar to G1 proteases characterized in other non-Aspergillus fungi.
Lipids, Lipoproteins and Atherosclerosis (2002)

Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death in France: 36.4%. Abnormalities of the metabolism of lipoproteins constitute the major predisposing factor for the development and progression of arterial lesions. These abnormalities are very often genetically linked and their expression is influenced by environmental factors (nutrition, smoking ...). The prevention of cardiovascular diseases is of prime importance and the detection of atherosclerosis risk makes up one of the essential steps to this approach. Detection must be realised as early as possible, for in the cases of metabolic abnormalities, the pathogenicity of the process evolves slowly, without showing outward clinical signs and leads to major long-term damage: myocardial infarction in particular. Measuring total cholesterol and total triglycerides are insufficient, particularly when the values are not extreme, to evaluate atherosclerosis risk; these measurements must be complimented by these of the lipoproteins. Current research allows earlier and more precise biological tests of coronary risk to be envisaged.
Molecular-receptor-specific, non-toxic, near-infrared-emitting Au cluster-protein nanoconjugates for targeted cancer imaging (2009)

Molecular-receptor-targeted imaging of folate receptor positive oral carcinoma cells using folic-acid-conjugated fluorescent Au(25) nanoclusters (Au NCs) is reported. Highly fluorescent Au(25) clusters were synthesized by controlled reduction of Au(+) ions, stabilized in bovine serum albumin (BSA), using a green-chemical reducing agent, ascorbic acid (vitamin-C). For targeted-imaging-based detection of cancer cells, the clusters were conjugated with folic acid (FA) through amide linkage with the BSA shell. The bioconjugated clusters show excellent stability over a wide range of pH from 4 to 14 and fluorescence efficiency of approximately 5.7% at pH 7.4 in phosphate buffer saline (PBS), indicating effective protection of nanoclusters by serum albumin during the bioconjugation reaction and cell-cluster interaction. The nanoclusters were characterized for their physico-chemical properties, toxicity and cancer targeting efficacy in vitro. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) suggests binding energies correlating to metal Au 4f(7/2) approximately 83.97 eV and Au 4f(5/2) approximately 87.768 eV. Transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy revealed the formation of individual nanoclusters of size approximately 1 nm and protein cluster aggregates of size approximately 8 nm. Photoluminescence studies show bright fluorescence with peak maximum at approximately 674 nm with the spectral profile covering the near-infrared (NIR) region, making it possible to image clusters at the 700-800 nm emission window where the tissue absorption of light is minimum. The cell viability and reactive oxygen toxicity studies indicate the non-toxic nature of the Au clusters up to relatively higher concentrations of 500 microg ml(-1). Receptor-targeted cancer detection using Au clusters is demonstrated on FR(+ve) oral squamous cell carcinoma (KB) and breast adenocarcinoma cell MCF-7, where the FA-conjugated Au(25) clusters were found internalized in significantly higher concentrations compared to the negative control cell lines. This study demonstrates the potential of using non-toxic fluorescent Au nanoclusters for the targeted imaging of cancer.
Combining Fluid Dynamics and Electromagnetics Modelling to Improve Hollow Core Photonic Band Gap Fibres (2015)

We combine two powerful simulation tools to predict geometry and optical properties of Hollow Core Photonic Band Gap fibres from their preform and draw parameters. Broad parametric sweeps allow identifying structures with optimum optical performance.
A versatile shotgun source for engineering and groundwater seismic surveys (1993)

Abstract We describe an electrical seismic gun that is capable of firing 8-gauge blank black powder shells in a water-filled borehole under relatively high hydrostatic pressures. The new seismic gun is a modified version of the electrical shotgun source for engineering seismic surveys introduced by Pullan and MacAulay (1987). Our modifications seal the firing circuit and 8-gauge shell against water entry so underwater detonation will occur reliably at depths to at least 80 m (0.9 MPa atmospheric pressure). Source energy is controlled by varying the size of the black powder load in the shell from 50 grains to 500 grains (10 kJ to 100 kJ). Although our seismic gun may be used in any seismic application suitable for modest explosive charges, it was initially developed as a versatile source for use in seismic investigations of the shallow subsurface (primarily engineering and groundwater studies). As of this writing, the gun has been used for optimum offset and CMP high-resolution seismic reflection profiling, engineering refraction surveys, fixed-source and variable-source noise tests, and vertical traveltime measurements in water wells. Other potential uses include VSP and borehole-to-surface or borehole-to-borehole seismic tomography.
A methodology for building a simulation model for efficient design and performance analysis of local area networks (1984)

This paper proposes a general methodology for building a soft ware tool to aid in the design and performance modeling of local computer networks. At the core of the modeling approach lies a distributed view of the network consisting of independently modeled network functional components—protocols, nodes, and resources. The network components communicate through model defined or user provided interfaces. As a consequence, the effect of network changes, component deletions, or addi tions are localized and the network model can be easily altered to highlight certain components while reducing others as re quired in different design phases. The result is that long simula tion runs of a large and fully detailed model are replaced by shorter runs of several smaller "function oriented" network models. The inherent partitioning of the system model into relatively independent functional units makes it also a poten tial candidate for a distributed simulation implementation. The given methodology is exemplified with an actual implemen tation of an Ethernet* based system configuring tool. The methodology can also be applied to other distributed systems to build efficient modular simulator programs.
Supercritical Fluid Chromatography of Free Fatty Acids and Ethyl Esters in Ethanolic Extracts of Sabal serrulata (1996)

The free fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters present in ethanolic extracts of Sabal serrulata were analysed by supercritical fluid chromatography. Two alternatives for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography of free fatty acids and fatty acid ethyl esters are proposed, namely derivatization of the carboxyl group or use of carbon dioxide saturated with water. Both methods produced a drastic improvement of the resolution. The methods were validated and used to determine the amount of lauric acid and ethyl laurate in extracts of the title plant.
Mutation in the phosphoribosylpyrophosphate synthetase gene (prs) that results in simultaneous requirements for purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, nicotinamide nucleotide, histidine, and tryptophan in Escherichia coli (1988)

A mutant of Escherichia coli harboring a temperature-labile phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase was characterized. Despite the lack of a detectable PRPP pool or PRPP synthetase activity at 40 degrees C, the strain was fully viable at this temperature as long as guanosine, uridine, histidine, tryptophan, and nicotinamide mononucleotide were all added to the growth medium. Viability of the strain was dependent upon mutations in genes of the nucleoside salvage pathways that improved the utilization of exogenous nucleosides. The properties of the strain are those expected of a PRPP-less strain and suggest that PRPP synthetase is dispensable for E. coli.
Predicate migration (1993)

The traditional focus of relational query optimization schemes has been on the choice of join methods and join orders. Restrictions have typically been handled in query optimizers by “predicate pushdown” rules, which apply restrictions in some random order before as many joins as possible. These rules work under the assumption that restriction is essentially a zero-time operation. However, today's extensible and object-oriented database systems allow users to define time-consuming functions, which may be used in a query's restriction and join predicates. Furthermore, SQL has long supported subquery predicates, which may be arbitrarily time-consuming to check. Thus restrictions should not be considered zero-time operations, and the model of query optimization must be enhanced. In this paper we develop a theory for moving expensive predicates in a query plan so that the total cost of the plan — including the costs of both joins and restrictions — is minimal. We present an algorithm to implement the theory, as well as results of our implementation in POSTGRES. Our experience with the newly enhanced POSTGRES query optimizer demonstrates that correctly optimizing queries with expensive predicates often produces plans that are orders of magnitude faster than plans generated by a traditional query optimizer. The additional complexity of considering expensive predicates during optimization is found to be manageably small.
Selective digital integrator for modulated-polarization spectroscopy: An evaluation using (+)-3-methylcyclopentanone (1998)

A new device, a selective digital integrator (SDI), for the acquisition of modulated polarization spectroscopy (MPS) signals is described. Special attention is given to the accurate measurement of very small signals (ac component of interest &lt;10−3×dc component) buried in noise. The polarization of light is altered with fast modulators (modulation frequency ∼50 kHz). A SDI connected to a single detector is used to separately and selectively measure the polarization-dependent intensities of electronic transitions. The SDI is a major improvement over the lock-in approach: it has on-the-fly time-resolved data acquisition and integration capability, and a wide gain-switching-free dynamic range (10 orders of magnitude). This design permits a variety of applications that require detection of modulated or pulsed signals. The advantages of the MPS-SDI method are demonstrated on the first Rydberg electronic transitions of (+)-3-methylcyclopentanone. The selectively measured MPS intensities are provided in 3D form (intensity versus both wavelength and light polarization). A discussion of the scattering problems that bedevil measurements at higher optical densities is included, and ways to correct for it are outlined.
Optically Powered Remote Units for Radio-Over-Fiber Systems (2008)

Optically powered radio-over-fiber remote units have been designed and constructed for distributed antenna system applications using separate fibers for power and signal transmission. The feasibility of this approach has been investigated through a series of transmission measurements, based on the IEEE 802.11g wireless local area networking standard at a frequency of 2.5 GHz using 64-QAM OFDM modulation at 54 Mb/s. These measurements show that high-quality multilevel signal transmission is possible with modest levels of optical power at the central unit. For example, an EVM of around 3% has been achieved for an RF output power of 0 dBm using a central unit optical power of 250 mW over a link length of 300 m.
Inositol Hexakisphosphate Kinase-2, a Physiologic Mediator of Cell Death (2004)

Diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7) and bis-diphosphoinositol tetrakisphosphate contain pyrophosphate bonds. InsP7 is formed from inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) by a family of three inositol hexakisphosphate kinases (InsP6K). In this study we establish one of the InsP6Ks, InsP6K2, as a physiologic mediator of cell death. Overexpression of wild-type InsP6K2 augments the cytotoxic actions of multiple cell stressors in diverse cell lines, whereas transfection with a dominant negative InsP6K2 decreases cell death. During cell death, InsP6 kinase activity is enhanced, and intracellular InsP7 level is augmented. Deletion of InsP6K2 but not the other forms of InsP6K diminishes cell death, suggesting that InsP6K2 is the major InsP6 kinase involved in cell death. Cytotoxicity is associated with a translocation of InsP6K2 from nuclei to mitochondria, whereas the intracellular localization of the other isoforms of the enzyme does not change. The present study provides compelling evidence that endogenous InsP6K2, by generating InsP7, provides physiologic regulation of the apoptotic process.
TeamSpace: an environment for team articulation work and virtual meetings (2002)

We present TeamSpace, a collaborative workspace system to support the articulation work of high performance development teams. TeamSpace distinguishes between individual, social, and meeting work modes, and facilitates transitions between modes. The system provides a shared workspace that supports understanding and reporting the team's past progress and activities. Awareness of current team activities is supported by a place-based representation of team members' work modes and by a multimedia awareness and communication tool facilitating intentional and serendipitous interactions.
Further experience with indomethacin in the treatment of rheumatic disorders. (1966)

Indomethacin (Indocid) is an indole-3-acetic acid derivative, which was found to have powerful anti-inflammatory and anal gesic properties, and which has been under clinical investiga tion since October 1962. Several controlled trials demonstrated that it had some value in the treatment of rheumatic disorders, being significantly more effective than placebos in the treatment of both rheumatoid arthritis (Wanka, Jones, Wood, and Dixon, 1964) and osteoarthrosis of the hip (Wanka and Dixon, 1964). When indomethacin was compared with phenylbutazone in a controlled trial in rheumatoid arthritis (Percy, Stephenson, and Thompson, 1964) no significant difference was noted either in terms of relief of pain or by improvement in grip-strength, but side-effects were commoner with indomethacin. All these early studies were undertaken with indomethacin in tablet form, and it was found that this preparation had disadvantages owing to variable dissolution rates of the tablets and erratic absorption from the gastro-intestinal tract. The use of capsules, available since September 1963, overcame these difficulties, and sub sequent clinical experience indicated that a commensurate clinical effect could be obtained with a lower dosage of indo methacin in capsule form than when it was administered as tablets (Thompson, 1964). Experience with other drugs used in the treatment of chronic rheumatic disorders, notably with the predni-steroids, has shown that potency of a drug does not establish its place as the therapeutic agent of choice. Controlled clinical trials of short duration serve to estimate the immediate value of a drug and any early side-effects, but it is only by means of long-continued clinical experience that answers may be provided to such ques tions as the frequency, severity, and nature of adverse side effects, optimum dosage levels, and the indications for or against the use of the drug. As indomethacin became available for use in general practice in March 1965 we are recording our experience of a group of 137 patients treated with 25-mg. capsules during the 82 weeks from September 1963 to April 1965.
Acute changes in the composition of milk during the ovulatory menstrual cycle in lactating women. (1982)

1. Breast milk composition was followed for a period of 28 days in five women during lactational amenorrhea and in another two who were taking oral contraceptives. The milk composition was also studied in two women during an anovulatory menstrual cycle and in six women during an ovulatory menstrual cycle. Samples of milk were collected from each breast at each feed for each day of the study. 2. Two acute changes, the first 5-6 days before and the second 6-7 days after ovulation, occurred in the milk composition during the ovulatory menstrual cycle. At both times there was an increase in Na and Cl concentrations from (mean +/- S.E. of mean) 4.6 +/- 0.2 mM and 11.1 +/- 0.2 mM to 10.1 +/- 0.9 mM and 22.0 +/- 0.9 mM respectively and a decrease in lactose and K concentrations from 7.8 +/- 0.2 g/100 ml. and 13.6 +/- 0.4 mM to 6.0 +/- 0.2 g/100 ml. and 10.2 +/- 0.5 mM respectively. The mean duration of the first change was 28 hr and the second was 32 hr. The concentrations of lactose, Cl, K and Na remained relatively constant during lactational amenorrhea, anovulatory menstrual cycles and for those women taking oral contraceptives. 3. These observations indicate that an increase in the permeability of the mammary epithelium was elicited by changes related to ovulation. It is suggested that the first acute change in the breast milk composition may be associated with the final stages of follicle maturation and the second with the regression of the corpus luteum during the ovulatory menstrual cycle.
Copper metabolism in mottled mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>) mutants Studies of blotchy (<i>Moblo</i>) mice and a comparison with brindled (<i>Mobr</i>) mice (1981)

1. Copper concentrations were low in many organs of Moblo/Y mice, but very high in the gut. Absorption of 64Cu was seen to be very low when related to the absorption of cyano[57Co]cobalamin. The results in Moblo/+ mice were intermediate. 2. Copper therapy temporarily ameliorated many effects of the mutation in Moblo/Y mice, but did not improve the rate of weight gain as has been achieved previously in Mobr/Y mice. Lower capacity for a 'depot dose' effect at the site of injection may explain the difference. 3. The distribution of 64Cu after administration into the bloodstream of Moblo/Y mice altered from an initially normal state to one that resembled the abnormal distribution of pre-existing copper by 48 h. This indicated that the later mechanisms of copper distribution were at fault. Moblo/+ mice were equally affected. 4. The alteration of copper homoeostasis in blotchy mice was similar to that observed in brindled mice previously and in the present studies, although generally less severe. This is consistent with allelism of the two mutations.