gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of lymphocyte homing. I. Alterations in homing receptor expression and organ-specific high endothelial venule binding of lymphocytes upon activation. (1988)

Upon activation, lymphocytes display profound alterations in their in vivo migration behavior. In an attempt to understand some of the cellular mechanisms responsible for this altered behavior, in vitro stimulated lymphocytes have been analyzed for their expression of a putative homing receptor (HOR) (defined by mAb MEL-14) and for their ability to bind to specialized lymphoid organ high endothelial venules (HEV) in vitro. The results indicate that signals related to lymphocyte activation induce complex alterations in HOR expression and organ-specificity of HEV-binding: 1) submitogenic stimuli induce an increase in MEL-14 antigen expression. This applies to almost all lymphocytes in autologous cultures, for the fraction of cells in periodate, LPS- or Con A-treated cultures not fully activated and for cultures stimulated with suboptimal doses of Con A. 2) Full blast transformation is associated with a decrease or complete loss of MEL-14 antigen expression on the majority of blasts in all activating systems used, but a subset of up to 30 to 40% of fully activated cells may nonetheless express very high levels of the MEL-14 antigen. 3) Functional assays reveal that Con A and periodate stimulation lead to a selective, nearly complete suppression of the lymphocytes binding to HEV of Peyer's patches, even under conditions where overall binding to peripheral node HEV is increased. This indicates a differential regulation of the two respective receptors, with the mucosa system-specific HOR being more prone to down-regulation during in vitro activation by these mitogens.
Polyomavirus‐driven Merkel cell carcinoma: Prospects for therapeutic vaccine development (2020)

Abstract Great strides have been made in cancer immunotherapy including the breakthrough successes of anti‐PD‐(L)1 checkpoint inhibitors. In Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare and aggressive skin cancer, PD‐(L)1 blockade is highly effective. Yet, ~50% of patients either do not respond to therapy or develop PD‐(L)1 refractory disease and, thus, do not experience long‐term benefit. For these patients, additional or combination therapies are needed to augment immune responses that target and eliminate cancer cells. Therapeutic vaccines targeting tumor‐associated antigens, mutated self‐antigens, or immunogenic viral oncoproteins are currently being developed to augment T‐cell responses. Approximately 80% of MCC cases in the United States are driven by the ongoing expression of viral T‐antigen (T‐Ag) oncoproteins from genomically integrated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV). Since T‐Ag elicits specific B‐ and T‐cell immune responses in most persons with virus‐positive MCC (VP‐MCC), and ongoing T‐Ag expression is required to drive VP‐MCC cell proliferation, therapeutic vaccination with T‐Ag is a rational potential component of immunotherapy. Failure of the endogenous T‐cell response to clear VP‐MCC (allowing clinically evident tumors to arise) implies that therapeutic vaccination will need to be potent anśd synergize with other mechanisms to enhance T‐cell activity against tumor cells. Here, we review the relevant underlying biology of VP‐MCC, potentially applicable therapeutic vaccine platforms, and antigen delivery formats. We also describe early successes in the field of therapeutic cancer vaccines and address several clinical scenarios in which VP‐MCC patients could potentially benefit from a therapeutic vaccine.
Pyrrolemethanols (1970)

Abstract Both 2‐ and 3‐pyrrolemethanols hearing electron‐withdrawing ring substituants react with alcohols in the presence, of acid to produce ethers. Dipyrrylmethanes are formed only as byproducts under these conditions. Other reactions of these pyrrolemethanols are described.
Effect of Brain Ischemia and Reperfusion on the Localization of Phosphorylated Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α (1997)

Postischemic brain reperfusion is associated with a substantial and long-lasting reduction of protein synthesis in selectively vulnerable neurons. Because the overall translation initiation rate is typically regulated by altering the phosphorylation of serine 51 on the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF-2 alpha), we used an antibody specific to phosphorylated eIF-2 alpha [eIF-2(alpha P)] to study the regional and cellular distribution of eIF-2(alpha P) in normal, ischemic, and reperfused rat brains. Western blots of brain postmitochondrial supernatants revealed that approximately 1% of all eIF-2 alpha is phosphorylated in controls, eIF-2(alpha P) is not reduced by up to 30 minutes of ischemia, and eIF-2(alpha P) is increased approximately 20-fold after 10 and 90 minutes of reperfusion. Immunohistochemistry shows localization of eIF-2(alpha P) to astrocytes in normal brains, a massive increase in eIF-2(alpha P) in the cytoplasm of neurons within the first 10 minutes of reperfusion, accumulation of eIF-2(alpha P) in the nuclei of selectively vulnerable neurons after 1 hour of reperfusion, and morphology suggesting pyknosis or apoptosis in neuronal nuclei that continue to display eIF-2(alpha P) after 4 hours of reperfusion. These observations, together with the fact that eIF-2(alpha P) inhibits translation initiation, make a compelling case that eIF-2(alpha P) is responsible for reperfusion-induced inhibition of protein synthesis in vulnerable neurons.
DIAMOND-LIKE CARBON FILMS as WEAR-PROTECTIVE COATINGS on MEDIA and HEAD SLIDERS (1997)

To achieve ultra-high recording density, flying heights of less than one micro-inch are required which lead to a tribology of the HDI (head-disk interface) limiting disk drive design. Various amorphous diamond-like or DLC type carbon films have been developed for wear protection. At first pure carbon(C) sputtered films were used, followed by C:H (hydrogenated carbon) and C:N (nitrided carbon) films with generally superior wear performance. Because of the near- or quasi-contact nature of the wear process, we have used mainly (CDT)CONTINUOUS DRAG TESTING for our evaluations, along with identifying bond character, nanohardness, microscopies of surfaces and bulk of films etc., to establish the nature of initial wear damage and dependence on as-deposited film structure (atomic & electronic). The purpose: Control deposition processes-to control the structure-thus control properties.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Ambient Air by Crystallization with a Guanidine Sorbent (2016)

Abstract Carbon capture and storage is an important strategy for stabilizing the increasing concentration of atmospheric CO 2 and the global temperature. A possible approach toward reversing this trend and decreasing the atmospheric CO 2 concentration is to remove the CO 2 directly from air (direct air capture). Herein we report a simple aqueous guanidine sorbent that captures CO 2 from ambient air and binds it as a crystalline carbonate salt by guanidinium hydrogen bonding. The resulting solid has very low aqueous solubility ( K sp =1.0(4)×10 −8 ), which facilitates its separation from solution by filtration. The bound CO 2 can be released by relatively mild heating of the crystals at 80–120 °C, which regenerates the guanidine sorbent quantitatively. Thus, this crystallization‐based approach to CO 2 separation from air requires minimal energy and chemical input, and offers the prospect for low‐cost direct air capture technologies.
Smart-802.11b MAC protocol for use with smart antennas (2004)

Smart antennas enable a receiver to determine the direction of arrival (DOA) of multiple transmissions as well as to form nulls in some number of directions to maximize SINR (Signal to Interference and Noise Ratio) of the received signal. We utilize the benefits of these capabilities to develop a simple modified version of the popular 802.11b protocol. This protocol exhibits high throughput under a variety of network conditions and is fair. The performance of the protocol is examined exhaustively using joint simulation in OPNET and Matlab.
Transgenic Mouse Models of Huntington’s Disease (2000)

Huntington’s disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant progressive neurodegenerative disorder (1). Onset is generally in mid-life but can range from early childhood to >70 yr and the duration of the illness is of the order of 15–20 yr. Anticipation is observed predominantly when the disease is inherited through the male line, with the result that 70% of juvenile patients inherit the disease from their fathers. The symptoms are complex and variable with recognized emotional, motor, and cognitive components. The motor disorder can differ markedly between the adult and juvenile forms of the disease. Adult-onset HD frequently presents with chorea that can vary from being barely perceptible to extremely severe. It involves all parts of the body, can have repetitive and stereotypic elements and may have a pseudo-purposive appearance (1). Other motor abnormalities include dystonia and oculomotor dysfunction and the disease may progress to an akinetic state. Juvenile patients may never show chorea and are more likely to exhibit a “Parkinson-like” rigidity, myoclonus, tremor, and cerebellar dysfunction and to suffer from epileptic seizures (1). Voluntary movement disorders include fine motor incoordination, dysarthria, and dysphagia. The emotional disorder is commonly depression and irritability and the cognitive component comprises a subcortical dementia. There is no effective therapy for this disease.
Immunohistochemical localization of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α6 to dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area (1997)

Participation of the neuronal nicotinic receptor subunit alpha6 in a physiologically relevant receptor has yet to be demonstrated, but its high degree of expression in catecholaminergic nuclei has attracted considerable interest. To investigate the pattern of expression of the alpha6 protein, a subunit specific antibody against the alpha6 subunit was used to immunohistochemically label sections of the adult rat brain. Alpha6 immunoreactivity was found to be present in the substantia nigra, the ventral tegmental area, the locus coeruleus and the medial habenula, and double-labeling for tyrosine hydroxylase demonstrated that the alpha6 protein is present on dopaminergic neurons of the midbrain. A possible role for the alpha6 subunit in nicotinic modulation of dopaminergic transmission is therefore proposed.
Prevalence of antibodies to equine viruses in the Netherlands (1979)

Summary The prevalence of antibodies to various viruses was investigated in a series of serum samples collected from horses in the Netherlands between 1963 and 1966 and from 1972 onwards. Neutralizing antibodies to equine rhinopneumonitis virus, equine arteritis virus and to equine rhinovirus types 1 and 2 were detected in respectively 76%, 14%, 66% and 59% of the equine serum samples tested. The observed incidence of serum samples positive to equine adenovirus in the complement fixation test was 39%. Precipitating antibodies to equine infectious anaemia virus were detected only in serum samples from two horses imported from abroad. Haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies to Myxovirus influenzae A / equi-1, M. Influenzae A / equi-2, and Reovirus types 1, 2, and 3 were present in respectively 82%, 50%, 10%, 33% and 3.6% of the serum samples tested. The most frequently observed incidence of antibodies to the various equine respiratory viruses occurred in the groups of horses having repeatedly contact with other horses.
The venous pump of the human foot (1990)

Pressures in the flexor digitorum muscle, posterior tibial and anterior tibial muscles and subcutaneous pressure in the lower leg were recorded in 18 volunteers with a non-infusion technique. The venous plexus of the sole of the foot was compressed by a pneumatic foot pump. Activation of this device creates oscillations of intramuscular and subcutaneous interstitial fluid hydrostatic pressure in the lower leg. The mechanism for this is explained by intermittent passive muscle stretch. The interstitial fluid pressure decreased following active muscle contractions during venous stasis of the limb, but not following activation of the pneumatic pump. Although the pneumatic foot pump may on theoretical grounds be useful in early treatment of postoperative and post-traumatic oedema of the leg, complementary studies are necessary to establish its effectiveness.
<title>Rate-reduction techniques for MPEG-2 video bit streams</title> (1996)

Rate control is usually an intrinsic function of the video coding algorithm, responsible for matching the available bandwidth of the communication channel to the output bit stream. However, many of the forthcoming video services will use pre-encoded video, in compressed format, for storage and transmission purposes. In this case, the rate control function should work on the compressed bit stream by reducing its bit rate according to the network demand, which can be either static or dynamic. Bit rate reduction of compressed video is needed not only when pre-encoded video is transmitted, but also in video multicasting where several users receive the same bit stream through different channels. A similar problem results from the interactivity with the user in video on demand services, where each user is offered the possibility of choosing the amount of bandwidth assigned to its channel. In this paper we analyze rate reduction techniques for compressed video in terms of complexity and final picture quality. We propose a new scheme, working entirely in the frequency domain, for bit rate reduction of compressed video. It is a low delay and drift free video transcoder that outperforms a re-encoding system and performs very close to a normal encoder using uncompressed video.
X-ray absorption fine structure determination of the local environment of Er3+ in glass (1997)

Erbium LIII-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) and I13/24 excited state lifetime measurements were performed on aluminosilicate, fluorosilicate, and phosphate glasses with varying erbium concentration. The local erbium environment is shown to be unique in each host. In the aluminosilicate, erbium is found to have 6.4 nearest oxygen neighbors at a distance of 2.22 Å and with a Debye–Waller factor of 0.031 Å2. Erbium in the fluorosilicate glass was found to be more highly coordinated with 7.5 nearest neighbor anions. Erbium in the phosphate glass is found to have a smaller disorder factor of 0.021 Å2 when compared with the silicate glasses. No variation of the environment (3 shells) is observed with changes in rare earth concentration, while the excited state lifetime varies from 1.0 to 9.8 ms in the aluminosilicates, suggesting the absence of erbium clustering at XAFS detectable distances.
Analysis of temporal factor affecting haptic illusion of a rotated disk. (1995)

Twenty-four subjects experienced Cormack's illusion by rotating a disk using fingers of both hands with some pauses inserted during the rotation. Variables were durations for rotating a disk and pause. The illusion magnitude was measured just before each pause. The first experiment showed that the illusion magnitude decreased with increasing the pause. The second experiment showed that there was no difference in illusion magnitude between 5- and 20-second conditions of pause for 20-second rotating duration, although the magnitude was smaller for 20-second pause than that for 5-second pause under the condition of 5-second rotating duration. The experiment also showed that the final magnitude did not depend on whether the magnitude was measured every five seconds or only once at the end of the rotation. The results indicate that pause during rotation contributes to recovering from adaptation due to the rotation and that the effect of pause depends on the duration of rotation. The results also indicate that the increasing illusion magnitude with time is not an artifact due to the method of measuring the magnitude.
Finding Probabilistic Nearest Neighbors for Query Objects with Imprecise Locations (2009)

A nearest neighbor query is an important notion in spatial databases and moving object databases. In the emerging application fields of moving object technologies, such as mobile sensors and mobile robotics, the location of an object is often imprecise due to noise and estimation errors. We propose techniques for processing a nearest neighbor query when the location of the query object is specified by an imprecise Gaussian distribution. First, we consider two query processing strategies for pruning candidate objects, which can reduce the number of objects that require numerical integration for computing the qualification probabilities. In addition, we consider a hybrid approach that combines the two strategies. The performance of the proposed methods is evaluated using test data.
Local suppression of IL‐21 in submandibular glands retards the development of Sjögren’s syndrome in non‐obese diabetic mice (2012)

Local suppression of IL-21 in submandibular glands could retard the development of Sjögren's syndrome in NOD mice. IL-21 might contribute to the development of B-cell disorder in Sjögren's syndrome via Tfh cells pathway.
A Cryogenic, High-field Trap for Large Positron Plasmas and Cold Beams (2003)

A new Penning‐Malmberg trap using a 5 tesla magnetic field and a cryogenic electrode structure (T∼10K) has been constructed with the goal of producing large (N ⩾ 1010), high‐density positron plasmas and cold positron beams (Δε ∼ 1 meV). With background pressures ⩽ 10−11 torr and rotating electric fields to counteract plasma expansion due to background asymmetries, this trap is designed to be a nearly ideal reservoir of positrons with very long confinement and annihilation times. This paper describes recent experiments using electron plasmas to optimize confinement and plasma compression, and minimizing the diameters of extracted beams. Further, it is shown that this trap will be an excellent device in which to study the physics issues associated with a recently proposed multi‐cell trap.
Compile-Time Concurrent Marking Write Barrier Removal (2005)

Garbage collectors incorporating concurrent marking to cope with large live data sets and stringent pause time constraints have become common in recent years. The snapshot-at-the-beginning style of concurrent marking has several advantages over the incremental update alternative, but one main disadvantage: it requires the mutator to execute a significantly more expensive write barrier. This paper demonstrates that a large fraction of these write barriers are unnecessary, and may be eliminated by static analysis.
The influence of C3b inactivator (KAF) concentration on the ability of serum to support complement activation. (1975)

Minor elevation of the concentration of the C3b inactivator (KAF) in whole serum (by 15-25%) markedly inhibits the capacity of the serum to support complement activation by inulin, aggregated IgG and by low concentrations of CVF. However, there was no effect when large concentrations of CVF were used nor was the spontaneous ageing of C3 slowed by increased KAF concentrations. These findings show that the activity of the C3b feedback cycle can be reduced by raising the KAF concentration above physiological levels. This finding may provide a mechanism for damping down complement activation locally in vivo. It seems that the spontaneous ageing of C3 in vitro does not involve a KAF-inhibitable step and therefore cannot be involved to explain the 'C3 tickover' in vitro.
Temperature dependence of the electron–hole-plasma electroluminescence from metal–oxide–silicon tunneling diodes (2000)

The temperature performance of metal–oxide–silicon tunneling light-emitting diodes was studied. An electron–hole-plasma model can be used to fit all the emission spectra from room temperature to 98 K. At constant voltage bias in the accumulation region, the normalized integral emission intensity slightly increases at low temperature with activation energy as low as 12 meV. From room temperature down to 98 K, the extracted band gaps are ∼80 meV lower than the value of Varshni equation, and the linewidth drops from 65 to 30 meV. The transverse optical and longitudinal optical phonons are involved in the light-emission process due to the reduction of extracted band gaps and the resemblance between electroluminescence and photoluminescence spectra at similar temperature.
Bispecific T-Cell Engagers (BiTEs) as Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma (2016)

Article Tools UNDERSTANDING THE PATHWAY Article Tools OPTIONS & TOOLS Export Citation Track Citation Add To Favorites Rights & Permissions COMPANION ARTICLES Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) Antibody Construct Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results From a Phase I Study. February 16, 2016 ARTICLE CITATION DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2015.64.9970 Journal of Clinical Oncology - published online before print February 16, 2016 PMID: 26884583 Bispecific T-Cell Engagers (BiTEs) as Treatment of B-Cell Lymphoma Nicole C. SmitsxNicole C. SmitsSearch for articles by this author , Charles L. SentmanxCharles L. SentmanSearch for articles by this author Show More Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2015.64.9970 First Page Full Text PDF Figures and Tables © 2016 by American Society of Clinical Oncology Companion Bispecific T-Cell Engager (BiTE) Antibody Construct Blinatumomab for the Treatment of Patients With Relapsed/Refractory Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: Final Results From a Phase I Study
Special Report: A Simple System for the Derivation of International Normalized Ratios for the Reporting of Prothrombin Time Results with North American Thromboplastin Reagents (1989)

The World Health Organization international scale of reporting prothrombin time results is based on the calibration of thromboplastins against an international reference preparation to derive an International Sensitivity Index (ISI). Once the ISI has been assigned to an individual thromboplastin reagent, the derivation of International Normalised Ratios (INRs) for reporting results depends on mathematic formulae requiring a special calculator or mathematic tables. This causes difficulties and errors. A simplified system for interpretation of INRs with the range of thromboplastins widely used in North America is therefore presented, which obviates the need for mathematic procedures for the derivation of INR equivalents. It should thus facilitate the application of the INR system and of safer therapeutic ranges.
SITKA SPRUCE IN GREAT BRITAIN ITS GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND THINNING (1931)

SITKA SPRUCE IN GREAT BRITAIN ITS GROWTH, PRODUCTION AND THINNING Get access JAMES MACDONALD JAMES MACDONALD Research Officer Forestry CommissionScotland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Forestry: An International Journal of Forest Research, Volume 5, Issue 2, 1931, Pages 100–107, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.forestry.a063232 Published: 01 January 1931