gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An effective and efficient hierarchical<i>K</i>-means clustering algorithm (2017)

K-means plays an important role in different fields of data mining. However, k-means often becomes sensitive due to its random seeds selecting. Motivated by this, this article proposes an optimized k-means clustering method, named k*-means, along with three optimization principles. First, we propose a hierarchical optimization principle initialized by k* seeds ([Formula: see text]) to reduce the risk of random seeds selecting, and then use the proposed “top- n nearest clusters merging” to merge the nearest clusters in each round until the number of clusters reaches at [Formula: see text]. Second, we propose an “optimized update principle” that leverages moved points updating incrementally instead of recalculating mean and [Formula: see text] of cluster in k-means iteration to minimize computation cost. Third, we propose a strategy named “cluster pruning strategy” to improve efficiency of k-means. This strategy omits the farther clusters to shrink the adjustable space in each iteration. Experiments performed on real UCI and synthetic datasets verify the efficiency and effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
Self-Initiated Surface Graft Polymerization of 2-Methacryloyloxyethyl Phosphorylcholine on Poly(ether ether ketone) by Photoirradiation (2009)

In the present paper, we reported the fabrication of a highly hydrophilic nanometer-scale modified surface on a poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) substrate by photoinduced graft polymerization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) in the absence of photoinitiators. Photoirradiation results in the generation of semibenzopinacol-containing radicals of benzophenone units in the PEEK molecular structure, which acts as a photoinitiator during graft polymerization. The poly(MPC)-grafted PEEK surface fabricated by a novel and simple polymerization system exhibited unique characteristics such as high wettability and high antiprotein adsorption, which makes it highly suitable for medical applications.
Tunable and Reconfigurable Bandpass Microwave Photonic Filters Utilizing Integrated Optical Processor on Silicon-on-Insulator Substrate (2012)

A tunable and reconfigurable bandpass microwave photonic filter based on an integrated optical processor is proposed and experimentally demonstrated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The optical processor based on microrings, Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and Y-branches is utilized to produce two bandpass responses for separately processing optical carrier and sideband. Moreover, the microwave responses can be varied by thermal tuning the resonance of microrings. According to the experimental results, the operating frequency and -3-dB bandwidth can be tuned from 18 to 40 GHz and from 5 to 15 GHz, respectively.
Multi-Port 1R1W Transpose Magnetic Random Access Memory by Hierarchical Bit-Line Switching (2019)

Emerging Magnetic Random-Access Memory (MRAM) has shown a great potential to replace Static-RAM (SRAM) and Dynamic-RAM (DRAM) in the working memories including Cache and main memory. MRAM benefits from its high-density, fast speed, low standby power, and non-volatility, which provides the possibility to accelerate the computation. In this paper, we present a transpose MRAM (T-MRAM) based on the current MRAM family (Spin-Transfer Torque or STT, Spin-Orbit Torque or SOT, -MRAM) to support read/write operations both in vertical and horizontal dimensions. More importantly, a multi-port 1-Read-1-Write (1R1W) scheme is developed for the proposed T-SOT-MRAM. Thanks to the ultra-fast speed and high power-efficiency, the proposed T-SOT-MRAM can be used to accelerate the computation of Convolution Neural Networks (CNNs) and video coding. The functional validation is performed under a hybrid CMOS/MRAM simulation. According to the evaluation results, the proposed T-SOT-MRAM obtains 1.8× speedup and 28% energy saving of 1R1W operations, compared to the baseline. In addition, T-MRAMs consume less leakage power consumption than the other counterparts. Furthermore, the smaller cell area of the proposed T-MRAMs allows increasing the capacity in order to improve performance efficiency.
Physical Activities Monitoring Using Wearable Acceleration Sensors Attached to the Body (2015)

Monitoring physical activities by using wireless sensors is helpful for identifying postural orientation and movements in the real-life environment. A simple and robust method based on time domain features to identify the physical activities is proposed in this paper; it uses sensors placed on the subjects' wrist, chest and ankle. A feature set based on time domain characteristics of the acceleration signal recorded by acceleration sensors is proposed for the classification of twelve physical activities. Nine subjects performed twelve different types of physical activities, including sitting, standing, walking, running, cycling, Nordic walking, ascending stairs, descending stairs, vacuum cleaning, ironing clothes and jumping rope, and lying down (resting state). Their ages were 27.2 ± 3.3 years and their body mass index (BMI) is 25.11 ± 2.6 Kg/m2. Classification results demonstrated a high validity showing precision (a positive predictive value) and recall (sensitivity) of more than 95% for all physical activities. The overall classification accuracy for a combined feature set of three sensors is 98%. The proposed framework can be used to monitor the physical activities of a subject that can be very useful for the health professional to assess the physical activity of healthy individuals as well as patients.
An Inverse Scattering Approach Based on A Neural Network Technique for the Detection of Dielectric Cylinders Buried in a Lossy Half-Space (2000)

In this paper, we present an inverse scattering approach based on a neural network technique for the detection of dielectric targets buried in a lossy half-space. In particular, we focus the attention on the analysis of the neural network capability to localize a given cylinder starting from the known values of the electromagnetic scattered field evaluated at a number of points near the half-space interface. The robustness of the developed technique is firstly tested by considering a target and/or an electromagnetic scenario characterized by dielectric parameters different from those used during the training phase and secondly by using noisy input data.
The Ah Receptor Is Not Involved in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-mediated Apoptosis in Human Leukemic T Cell Lines (1998)

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a common environmental pollutant causing public concern. Its toxic effects include disruption of the immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems, impairment of fetal development, carcinogenicity, and lethality in rodents. Here, we report that TCDD induces apoptosis in two cultured human leukemic lymphoblastic T cell lines. This cell death was found not to be dependent on an aryl hydrocarbon receptor and to be inhibited by the inhibitor of tyrosine kinases and caspases. Apoptosis-linked c-Jun N-terminal kinase is rapidly activated in these cells by the treatment with TCDD. A dominant-negative mutant of c-Jun N-terminal kinase prevented cell death in the treatment with TCDD. Furthermore, TCDD decreases the Bcl-2 protein level in these cell lines. These findings will help in the understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying TCDD-mediated immunotoxicity.
Infiltration of resin into white spot caries-like lesions of enamel: an in vitro study. (2002)

The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which caries lesions can be infiltrated successfully with polymerisable resins. This could provide dentists with an additional means of managing white spot lesions in high caries risk patients rather than relying on improved plaque control and fluoride application. Artificial caries lesions were produced in extracted premolar teeth using an acidified gel. The lesions were infiltrated using two of the resins currently available to the dental profession. The effects of acid etching the surface, and of drying the lesion by two methods, were investigated. The degree of resin penetration was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that following a short etch (5s with 36% phosphoric acid), prior dehydration of the lesion with ethanol and the application of multiple layers of bonding resin, lesions could be infiltrated almost completely with organic resin. This approach could offer an alternative approach for the management of uncavitated lesions.
Content considerations for low dosage drug formulations processed by roller compaction (1997)

The roller compaction of low dosage drugs was evaluated using Pseudoephedrine HCl as a model drug. Roller compaction was done using a Fitzpatric Model L-83 Chilsonator. The active drug, Pseudoephedrine HCl coarse powder, was mixed with several diluents and diluent combinations. The effect of the diluent on granulate characteristics was evaluated. The diluents used included hydrous lactose, dibasic calcium phosphate, Avicel PH 101, 102, 105 and 200. The excipients were characterized in terms of their cohesiveness alone and in combination with other excipients. This was done using both angle of internal flow and angle of repose measurements. The compressibility and deformation characteristics were determined by the Heckel relationship. The diluents were evaluated either alone with the active or in combination with other diluents with the active. When the diluents were used alone, the active was distributed in a distinctive and reproducible manner throughout the granulation. There were differences in the behavior with each individual diluent. The combinations were found to have predictable outcomes based on the concentration of each diluent used. The parameters for the experiment were set by the statistical method of extreme vertices. The extremes were set based on the behavior of the individual diluents. Combinations of the diluents were prepared and the data provided suitable statistics that described the system. Using computer simulation, the diluent blends were manipulated to produce the ideal granulation. The data collected in this experiment allowed for the prediction and optimization of the granulation properties produced by roller compaction. Through the optimization, the best excipients for use in the preparation of the granulations of active ingredients can be determined. The method outlined here may be utilized for roller compaction evaluation for any combination of excipients. It may provide a standard evaluation method that could be applied prior to the final selection of excipients for roller compaction processes.
A novel morphological model for carbon nanotube/polymer composites having high thermal conductivity and electrical insulation (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), owing to their extremely high thermal conductivity (∼3000 W m−1 K−1), have recently attracted attention as notable nanofiller candidates to improve the thermal conductivity of polymers. However, CNTs cannot practically be used for highly electrically insulating polymers because even a few CNTs impart a high electrical conductivity to the polymers. Here, we design and fabricate CNT/polymer composites having a novel morphology, which achieves both enhanced thermal conductivity and high electrical insulation. This morphology comprises a matrix polymer and a CNT-localizing domain polymer encapsulated by a shell-forming component, which contributes to the selective localization of the CNTs into the dispersed domains. Such a controlled morphology is formed by the self-organization of the CNTs and the constituent polymers. A tailor-made morphology of CNT/polymer composite in accordance with our proposed model represents a promising route to a wide variety of applications of CNTs in materials requiring high electrical insulation.
Dynamic Expansion Culture for Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2011)

To be applied in sufficient numbers for regenerative medicine, primary mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) need to be amplified in culture. Standard cell culture involves regular passing because MSC proliferation in size-limited culture vessels stagnates due to contact inhibition of growth. The use of harmful enzymes for passaging and the mechanical properties of standard culture vessels change the MSC phenotype. Initially, fast growing multipotent and regenerative MSCs will turn into slowly growing cells with reduced multipotency and fibrotic character. We here describe an innovative culture system that maintains overall constant cell densities which are near-optimal for proliferation, while preventing contact-inhibition of cell growth. This is achieved by dynamically enlarging a novel highly elastic culture dish using a motorized mechanical device and adapting the culture surface to the increasing cell numbers. Dynamic MSC culture expansion reduces the number of enzymatic passages by a factor of 3 and delivers higher MSC yields than conventional culture. On the expanded culture surface, MSCs maintain stem cell characteristics and high growth rates over months and are still inducible to follow different lineages thereafter.
Social economic costs and health‐related quality of life in patients with degenerative cerebellar ataxia in Spain (2007)

To determine the economic burden (direct and indirect costs), as well as health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients diagnosed with spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) in Spain. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 84 patients with SCA from the Spanish Ataxia Federation (FEDAES) during 2004. A retrospective assessment of the use of resources was obtained through questionnaires filled out by the patients or the patient's caregivers. The approach used was the cost-of-illness study based on a societal perspective. To assess HRQOL in patients with SCA, they were asked to fill out the EQ-5D generic questionnaire. The mean annual cost per patient with SCA was 18,776 euros. The most important categories of costs were informal care, early retirement (permanent disability), medications, and orthopaedic devises. The mean EQ-5D index score was 0.48 (0.38 for high and 0.58 for low severity patients) and the mean EQ-5D VAS score was 48 (43 for high and 52 for low severity patients). Considerations of the costs related to caregivers due to the patients' disabilities, as well as the high indirect costs resulting from permanent disabilities in patients with SCA, should become a priority for health authorities. Furthermore, the patients' quality of life, as determined by the EQ-5D questionnaire, was very low and substantially influenced by the degree of severity of SCA.
Analytical Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Capacitive Silicon Bulk Acoustic Resonators (2009)

This paper introduces two newly developed models of capacitive silicon bulk acoustic resonators (SiBARs). The first model is analytical and is obtained from an approximate solution of the linear elastodynamics equations for the SiBAR geometry. The second is numerical and is based on finite-element, multi-physics simulation of both acoustic wave propagation in the resonator and electromechanical transduction in the capacitive gaps of the device. This latter model makes it possible to compute SiBAR performance parameters that cannot be obtained from the analytical model, e.g. the relationship between transduction area and insertion loss. Comparisons with measurements taken on a set of silicon resonators fabricated using electron-beam lithography show that both models can predict the resonant frequencies of SiBARs with a relative error smaller than 1%.
Next-Generation Collaboration Environments for Interactive Tele-medical Consultation (2008)

In this paper, to provide interactive tele-medical consultation, a next-generation collaboration environment is designed by bridging on-line and off-line medical services together in a place called as CMC (cyber medical center). CMC plays the base infrastructure by providing on/off-line solutions for medical information sharing. Based on the CMC model, we introduce example service scenarios that improve the effectiveness of interactive tele-medicine consultations. Then, we switch to the discussion on how to realize CMC service scenarios by employing SMeet (smart meeting space) collaboration environment. Especially, proof-of-concept verifications are successfully made to justify the potential of SMeet prototype in realizing the vision for CMC.
Computational Mechanism Design for Information Fusion within Sensor Networks (2006)

Conventional centralised information fusion and control architectures will be challenged by developments in sensor networks that allow sophisticated autonomous sensors, owned by different stakeholders with individual goals, to interact and share information. Given this, we advocate the use of tools and techniques from computational mechanism design (CMD), a field at the intersection of computer science, game theory and economics, to address the challenges posed by these networks. In particular, CMD allows us to engineer networks with desirable system-wide properties, in which sensors act as rational selfish agents, each attempting to fulfil their own individuals goals through the exchange of observations and information. In this paper, we present our work developing such networks. Specifically, we discuss our development of a generic and principled information valuation metric for sensor networks and we report our experiences applying it within a real world information fusion sensor network scenario
The Duality between Message Routing and Epidemic Data Replication. (2009)

Several domains of networking such as Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs), Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) networks have the common goal of transporting messages to their intended destinations. These networking domains share many requirements and employ routing protocols that are often composed of similar mechanisms. In this paper, we explore the synergy between message routing and data replication and propose the use of topology-independent weakly consistent partial replication systems as a messaging substrate for the above networking domains. These replication systems provide the key properties of eventual consistency, disruption tolerance, and at-most-once delivery, which translate into guaranteed delivery, failure resilience, and bandwidth efficiency—three much desired and repeatedly implemented aspects of message routing. We outline an implementation of a messaging system on top of a replication platform with content-based filtering and show that our design is general enough to implement many different routing policies employed in DTNs, MANETs, and P2P networks.
Synthesis and X‐Ray Analysis of a New [6]Helicene (2006)

Abstract A new disubstituted hexahelicene derivative 3 bearing methoxy functions at positions 3 and 14 has been prepared in racemic form through a Heck reaction followed by photocyclodehydrogenation. Suitable crystals of rac‐3 were analyzed by X‐ray crystallography and showed similar geometry to the structure of hexahelicene itself. Deprotection of 3 using boron tribromide led to 3,14‐dihydroxyhexahelicene 4 in quantitative yield. The complexation of transition metal atoms seemed to be quite possible by these two bidentate hexahelicene derivatives.
Binning Optimization for Transparently-Latched Circuits (2011)

With increasing process variation, binning has become an important technique to improve the values of fabricated chips, especially in high performance microprocessors where transparent latches are widely used. In this paper, we formulate and solve the binning optimization problem that decides the bin boundaries and their testing order to maximize the profit (considering the test cost) for a transparently-latched circuit. The problem is decomposed into four sub-problems. First, to compute the clock period distribution of the transparently-latched circuit, a sample-based statistical static timing analysis (SSTA) approach is developed which is based on the generalized stochastic collocation method with the sparse grid technique. The minimal clock period on each sample point is found by solving a minimal cycle ratio problem in the constraint graph. Second, a greedy method is proposed to maximize profit considering both the sales revenue and the test cost by iteratively assigning each boundary to its optimal position. Third, an optimal algorithm of O(n log n) runtime is used to generate the optimal testing order to minimize the test cost, based on alphabetic tree. Last, a simple approach is presented to decide the optimal number of bins, which helps to complete the whole binning scheme with maximal profit. Experiments on all the ISCAS'89 sequential benchmarks with 65 nm technology show 10.68% profit improvement in average. Some comparisons with other methods suggest the advantage of our method. The results also demonstrate that the proposed SSTA method achieves an error of 0.70% and speedup of 110X in average compared with the Monte Carlo simulation.
3D Surveillance A Distributed Network of Smart Cameras for Real-Time Tracking and its Visualization in 3D (2006)

The demand for surveillance systems has increased extremely over recent times. We present a system consisting of a distributed network of cameras that allows for tracking and handover of multiple persons in real time. The intercamera tracking results are embedded as live textures in an integrated 3D world model which is available ubiquitously and can be viewed from arbitrary perspectives independent of the persons’ movements. We mainly concentrate on our implementation of embedded camera nodes in the form of smart cameras and discuss the benefits of such a distributed surveillance network compared to a host centralized approach. We also briefly describe our way of hassle free 3D model acquisition to cover the complete system from setup to operation and finally show some results of both an indoor and an outdoor system in operation.
Establishment of the formalin-free surgical pathology laboratory. Utility of an alcohol-based fixative. (1994)

Concerns about the toxicity of formalin dictate the need for alternative methods of tissue fixation. Alcohol-based fixatives have been proposed as optimal for immunohistochemical and nucleic acid methods and may be useful for diagnostic light microscopy. We recently converted our surgical pathology laboratory from 10% neutral buffered formalin to an alcoholic fixative (56% ethanol and 20% polyethylene glycol) and compared 100 consecutive cases after conversion with 100 formalin-fixed cases prior to conversion. One representative slide from each case was reviewed independently by four pathologists without knowledge of the fixative employed. The quality of fixation of each case was graded (0, very poor; 1, below average; 2, average; and 3, above average) based on the subjective composite evaluation of seven morphological features: tissue architecture, cell borders, cytoplasm, nuclear contours, chromatin texture, red blood cell membranes, and uniformity of staining. No significant difference in the quality of fixation was observed, although the average score of the alcoholic fixative was slightly lower than that of the formalin (2.59 vs 2.74). Interobserver concordance was 74%. Advantages of the alcoholic fixative included elimination of carcinogenic vapors, more rapid fixation, greater stain avidity, elimination of enzyme predigestion in immunohistochemical studies, and simple and rapid disposal. Disadvantages included slightly increased viscosity, increased variability of tissue staining and nuclear shrinkage, artifactual pigment deposition in bloody specimens, and increased flammability risk. Alcohol-polyethylene glycol appears to be a satisfactory alternative to formalin in routine diagnostic surgical pathology.