gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distortion‐Product Otoacoustic Emissions Hearing Screening in High‐Risk Newborns (1998)

Universal infant hearing screening has recently been recommended by the National Institutes of Health. Otoacoustic emissions have been proposed as the first-level screening technique. Although transient evoked otoacoustic emissions have shown limited applications, distortion-product otoacoustic emissions hold promise as a screening technique but have not been fully investigated. The purpose of this study was to determine the validity of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions as a hearing screening technique. A total of 208 ears of 104 infants at risk for hearing loss were tested with both automated auditory brain stem response and distortion-product otoacoustic emission screening protocols. Acoustic brain stem response results were used as the standard for normal hearing. Distortion-product otoacoustic emission results were analyzed by means of calculation of the difference between the mean of the response levels and the mean of the noise floor levels from five frequency pairs between 2000 and 4000 Hz. Pass-fail rates for response above noise floor criteria of 5, 10, and 15 dB were examined. The sensitivity of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions was 50%, 67%, and 87%, and the specificity was 94%, 68%, and 38% at the 5, 10, and 15 dB levels, respectively. The pass-fail criterion of distortion-product otoacoustic emissions should be based on instrumentation calibration, infant status, and an acceptable false-positive, false-negative yield. The ability to test rapidly the hearing of all infants with distortion-product otoacoustic emissions points to the feasibility of using this test as a first-stage screen.
Molecular signaling of pruritus induced by endothelin-1 in mice (2010)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has recently been identified to evoke pruritus/itching sensation in both humans and animals. It is most likely that the signaling is through the specific G-protein-coupled ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, but the downstream signaling mediators for ET-1 remain elusive. In the present study, we examined the potential involvement of several distinct signaling molecules in ET-1-induced pruritus in a murine model. We applied an in vivo pruritus model in C57BL/6J mice by injecting ET-1 intradermally into the scruff, and recording the number of scratching bouts within 30 min after injection. Then specific antagonists/inhibitors for distinct signaling molecules, including cell-surface ET(A) and ET(B) receptors, histamine receptor type 1 (H1 receptor), protein kinases A (PKA) and C (PKC), phospholipase C (PLC) or adenylyl cyclase (AC), were co-injected with ET-1. The results showed that ET-1 induced a vigorous scratching response in mice in a dose-dependent manner. This response was further enhanced by a specific antagonist for ET(B) receptor, BQ-788, reduced by a specific antagonist for ET(A) receptor, BQ-123, and not affected by mepyramine, the specific inhibitor for H1 receptor. In addition, the scratching response was significantly reduced by inhibitors for PKC and AC, but was significantly enhanced by PLC inhibitor, while PKA inhibitors showed no effects in the ET-1-induced scratching response. Our data suggested that ET-1 may signal through the ET(A) receptor, AC and PKC pathway to induce pruritus sensation, while ET(B) receptor and PLC may antagonize the pruritus evoked by ET-1. These results may provide a basis for the future development of antipruritic therapy.
Genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas: getting more versatile and more precise at the same time (2016)

A report on the second meeting on 'Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology: Tools and Technologies', held 28-29 January 2016 in Ghent, Belgium.
5.4:Silicon Chip Based Reflective PDLC Light Valve for Projection Display (1998)

Abstract An XGA reflective type light valve is developed using PDLC and a mirror MOS chip fabricated from single crystal silicon. Maximum reflectance of 75% is realized. A projector of 1000ANSI lumen and contrast ratio of 70 is realized with this light valve and a 120W lamp.
Positive contrast spiral imaging for visualization of commercial nitinol guidewires with reduced heating (2015)

The ability to use commercial metallic guidewires safely during CMR-guided catheterization could potentially expedite clinical translation of these methods.
Transforming growth factor <i>beta</i> 1 increases IgA isotype switching at the clonal level. (1990)

Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF beta 1) has important effects on expression of the IgA isotype. TGF beta 1 alone, or in combination with IL-5 or IL-2 increases IgA secretion by populations of LPS-activated surface IgA negative (sIgA-) spleen B cells, while concurrently decreasing IgM and IgG secretion. The present study demonstrates the activity of TGF beta 1 as an IgA isotype switch factor at the clonal level. Stimulation of LPS-activated sIgA- spleen B cell populations with TGF beta 1, or a combination of TGF beta 1 and IL-2, resulted in a significant increase in total numbers of IgA secreting cells, and this increase ultimately was paralleled by an increase in total IgA secretion. Using limiting dilution analysis, TGF beta 1 was shown to increase the frequency of IgA secreting B cell clones, by approximately 20-fold. This was not accompanied by increased numbers of IgA secreting cells/clone. In contrast, IL-2 does not have activity as an IgA switch factor, but does increase IgA production by B cells already committed to secrete that isotype. Cell cycle inhibitors such as thymidine and hydroxyurea also selectively increased numbers of IgA secreting cells and total IgA secretion among populations of LPS-activated sIgA- spleen B cells. This suggests the IgA enhancing activity of TGF beta 1 may, in part, be related to its ability to inhibit cell growth.
ADMET Depolymerization. Synthesis of Perfectly Difunctional (f = 2.0) Telechelic Polybutadiene Oligomers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTADMET Depolymerization. Synthesis of Perfectly Difunctional (f = 2.0) Telechelic Polybutadiene OligomersJ. C. Marmo and K. B. WagenerCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8, 2602–2606Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00112a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00112a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Corrosion Inhibitors (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Classification of inhibitors Mechanistic aspects of corrosion inhibition Examples of corrosion inhibitors Industrial applications of corrosion inhibitors Other factors in applying inhibitors References
Light Scattering using Colloidal Microscopy (2000)

Colloidal Microscopy is a new microscopy, invented by whoever shortened the title. Paul Chaikin, the world's greatest physicist, will explain it in his talk. This talk will cover any details that Paul does not cover.
Surface redistribution and release of antibody-induced caps in entamoebae. (1980)

Polyspecific antibodies bound to Entamoeba induced surface redistribution of membrane components toward the uroid region. Capping of surface antigens was obtained with a single layer of antibodies in E. histolytica and E. invadens. This surface segregation progressed to a large accumulation of folded plasma membrane that extruded as a defined vesicular cap. A spontaneous release of the cap at the end of the capping process took place. These released caps contained most of the antibodies that originally bound to the whole cell surface. Two-thirds of radiolabeled antibodies bound to the surface of E. histolytica were released into the medium in 2 h. Successive capping induced by repeated exposure of E. invadens to antibodies produced conglomerates of folded surface membrane, visualized as stacked caps, in proportion to the number of antibody exposures. These results indicate the remarkable ability of Entamoeba to rapidly regenerate substantial amounts of plasma membbrane. The properties of surface redistribution, liberation of caps, and plasma membrane regeneration, may contribute to the survival of the parasite in the host during infection.
Asynchronous logic in bit-serial arithmetic (2002)

This article is an asynchronous approach to bit-serial processing. A new asynchronous cell (DCVSL like) was designed containing simplified complete signal generation as part of a dynamic handshake circuitry. The problem of data feedback has been addressed and its solution in a modified handshake protocol and local memory inclusion is given. Basic arithmetic components are demonstrated and a larger system is used as an example of this new cost effective technique.
Surface structurization and control of CuS particle size by discharge mode of inductively coupled plasma and vapor-phase sulfurization (2018)

Copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticle films with different nanoparticle sizes were fabricated using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) and a vapor-phase sulfurization method. First, the ICP is applied to a thin copper film to obtain a copper nanoparticle film, based on the plasma–surface interactions through the ion bombardment on the film. The fabrication of the Cu nanoparticles revealed that their size and spatial distribution depend on the discharge mode of the ICP and plasma irradiation time. From the measurements of the plasma density, optical emission spectrum, and ion flux energy distribution function, it was found that the inductive mode of the ICP, compared to the capacitive mode of the ICP, is efficient at fabricating the uniform nanoparticle film due to the optimal plasma potential and high ion flux with narrow ion energy distribution. The Cu nanoparticles are then transformed to CuS nanoparticles through vapor-phase sulfurization. For the hydrophobicity application of the CuS nanoparticle film, the contact angles of the CuS nanoparticle films were measured and compared with those of other thin films, such as SiO2 and bulk CuS. The contact angle of the CuS nanoparticle film, fabricated through the plasma–surface interactions and sulfurization, was significantly higher than that of other thin films owing to the hydrophobic surface of the CuS with the nanoparticle structure.
[Study on HPLC fingerprint of Gentiana macrophylla]. (2008)

This HPLC fingerprint of Gentiana macrophylla can be used as a standard of quality control and identification of the Chinese crude drug.
Improving Individual Flow Performance with Multiple Queue Fair Queuing (2007)

Fair Queuing (FQ) algorithms provide isolation between packet flows, allowing max-min fair sharing of a link even when flows misbehave. However, fairness comes at the expense of per-flow state. To keep the memory requirement independent of the flow count, the router can isolate aggregates of flows, rather than individual flows. We investigate the feasibility of protecting individual flows under such aggregate isolation in the context of Multiple Queue Fair Queuing (MQFQ), where the router maintains a fixed number of queues and allows each flow to access multiple queues. MQFQ places packets into the shortest queue associated with their flow. The extra queues protect the flow against congestion caused by a misbehaving flow in a shared queue. However, multiple per-flow queues also enable the misbehaving flow to increase its unfairly acquired fraction of the link capacity. We discuss avoidance of packet reordering within a flow and compare MQFQ with prior schemes for aggregate scheduling.
Hyperspectral Image Clustering: Current achievements and future lines (2021)

Hyperspectral remote sensing organically combines traditional space imaging with advanced spectral measurement technologies, delivering advantages stemming from continuous spectrum data and rich spatial information. This development of hyperspectral technology takes remote sensing into a brand-new phase, making the technology widely applicable in various fields. Hyperspectral clustering analysis is widely utilized in hyperspectral image (HSI) interpretation and information extraction, which can reveal the natural partition pattern of pixels in an unsupervised way. In this article, current hyperspectral clustering algorithms are systematically reviewed and summarized in nine main categories: centroid-based, density-based, probability-based, bionics-based, intelligent computing-based, graph-based, subspace clustering, deep learning-based, and hybrid mechanism-based. The performance of several popular hyperspectral clustering methods is demonstrated on two widely used data sets. HSI clustering challenges and possible future research lines are identified.
Quantitative Detection of <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> in 2-Millimeter Skin Samples of Erythema Migrans Lesions: Correlation of Results with Clinical and Laboratory Findings (2002)

Variability of disease manifestations has been noted in patients with Lyme disease. A contributing factor to this variation may be the number of spirochetes present in infected patients. We evaluated clinical and laboratory findings for patients with erythema migrans with regard to the number of Borrelia burgdorferi organisms detected by quantitative PCR (qPCR) in 2-mm skin biopsy specimens. B. burgdorferi was detected in 80% (40 of 50) of the specimens tested; the mean number of spirochetes in these specimens ranged over 3 orders of magnitude (10 to 11,000 spirochetes per 2-mm biopsy specimen). Larger numbers of spirochetes were significantly associated with a shorter duration of the erythema migrans skin lesion (P = 0.020), smaller skin lesions (P = 0.020), and infection with a specific genotype of B. burgdorferi (P = 0.008) but not with the number or severity of symptoms. Skin culture positivity was significantly associated with skin lesions containing larger numbers of spirochetes (P = 0.019).
PREVENTION OF INFECTION OF URINARY TRACT IN PRESENCE OF INDWELLING CATHETERS (1959)

Mallory Institute of Pathology, Thorndike Memorial Laboratory, Boston City Hospital and Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Harvard Medical School
Otitis media, hearing loss, and child development: a NICHD conference summary. (1986)

Growing evidence indicates that a significant relationship exists between the conductive hearing loss resulting from recurrent otitis media (OM) during the first 3-5 years of life and subsequent problems in acquisition of language and academic skills. To assess current knowledge of OM and its consequences for cognitive and linguistic development, to exchange viewpoints, and, if possible, to determine directions for future research, a conference was sponsored by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). Among the epidemiologic studies cited, some found a very high incidence of OM in North American Indians and Eskimos, caused, according to one hypothesis, by a genetically different eustachian tube. Another researcher advised that basic language development should be carefully assessed in all cases of OM in young children. Conferees agreed that intervention programs must be developed and implemented until preventive measures are available. One model program emphasizes prevention of developmental difficulties based on the known and suspected sequelae of OM and on the known principles of language development. Conference participants recommended that all infants and young children, particularly those at risk, be examined for OM during regular medical checkups. In addition to treating the disorder, measures should be taken to deal with any significant hearing loss. If drug therapy is inadequate to clear effusion from the middle ear, surgery should be considered. Speech and language intervention should be undertaken when required.
Detection of soft-tissue hyperemia: value of power Doppler sonography. (1994)

Power Doppler sonography consistently shows hyperperfusion associated with musculoskeletal inflammatory disease. As such, it represents a useful adjunct to gray-scale sonography in these settings, particularly as findings on conventional sonograms in inflammatory conditions can be nonspecific.
과체중,비만 아동의 우울감에 영향을 미치는 요인 (2015)

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting on depressive symptom in overweight or obese children by examining relationships between body image, weight related teasing, self perception, and depressive symptoms. Methods: From July to August 2014, overweight or obese children with the fifth-sixth grade (n=157) were recruited from four elementary schools. Self-reported questionnaires consisted of items including general characteristics, body image, weight teasing from peer, self perception profile, and depressive symptom. The collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, pearson``s correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. Results: The mean score of body image was 2.43(±1.10), weight teasing from peer 1.94(±2.75), self perception profile 2.83(±0.38), depressive symptom 1.42(±0.66). As results of multiple regression analysis, the factors affecting on depressive symptom in overweight or obese children was self perception profile (β=-0.43, p<0.001) and subjective happiness(β=-0.25, p=0.001). Conclusions: Based on the findings that self perception profile and subjective happiness significantly have influenced depressive symptom of overweight or obese children, there is a need to develop self perception profile strengthening program and happiness improvement program for them.
Optimization of Water Distribution Network Design Using Differential Evolution (2010)

The paper describes the development of a DENET computer model that involves the application of an evolutionary optimization technique, differential evolution, linked to the hydraulic simulation solver, EPANET, for optimal design of water distribution networks. A model is formulated with the objective of minimizing cost and this formulation is applied to two benchmark water distribution system optimization problems—New York water supply system and Hanoi water distribution network. The study yielded promising results as compared with earlier studies in the literature and encouraged to reformulate the model for a new objective of maximizing network resilience. The results of the analysis demonstrate that DENET can be considered as a potential alternative tool for economical and reliable water distribution network planning and management.
Effect of virus infections on polymorph function in children. (1976)

remission of haemolysis, with a negative direct antiglobulin test result; only weak serum autoantibodies were detectable.No autoantibodies were detected six weeks after the operation.
New variants of CRISPR RNA‐guided genome editing enzymes (2017)

CRISPR-mediated genome editing using the Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 enzyme is revolutionizing life science by providing new, precise, facile and high-throughput tools for genetic modification by the specific targeting of double-strand breaks in the genome of hosts. Plant biotechnologists have extensively used the S. pyogenes Cas9-based system since its inception in 2013. However, there are still some limitations to its even broader usage in plants. Major restrictions, especially in agricultural biotechnology, are the currently unclear regulatory status of plants modified with CRISPR/Cas9 and the lack of suitable delivery methods for some plant species. Solutions to these limitations could come in the form of new variants of genome editing enzymes that have recently been discovered and have already proved comparable to or even better in performance than S. pyogenes CRISPR/Cas9 in terms of precision and ease of delivery in mammal cells. Although some of them have already been tested in plants, most of them are less well known in the plant science community. In this review, we describe the following new enzyme systems engineered for genome editing, transcriptional regulation and cellular imaging-C2c2 from L. shahii; Cas9 from F. novicida, S. aureus, S. thermophiles, N. meningitidis; Cpf1 from F. novicida, Acidaminococcus and Lachnospiraceae; nickase, split, enhanced and other Cas9 variants from S. pyogenes; catalytically inactive SpCas9 linked to various nuclease or gene-regulating domains-with an emphasis on their advantages in comparison with the broadly used SpCas9. In addition, we discuss new possibilities they offer in plant biotechnology.
Coil planet centrifugation and its application to the observation of altered membrane properties of erythrocytes in hepatobiliary disorders. (1975)

A coil planet centrifuge (CPC) is an apparatus aiming to obtain a centrifugal force exerting on particles suspended in a fluid in a coiled polyethylene tube (coil) which makes self-rotation around its axis and revolution around the principal axis simultaneously. If a linear osmotic gradient is prepared in the coil and a small amount of blood is applied to it and subjected to centrifugation, one is able to observe the membrane properties of erythrocytes in terms of the shift of hemolysis band appearing in the coil with high accuracy and precision. Coil planet centrifugation was applied to the observation of altered membrane properties of erythrocytes in hepatobiliary diseases. Remarkable shifts of end-point of the hemolysis band going in parallel with the severity of damage were visualized. Study as to its cause revealed that increased free cholesterol content of erythrocyte membrane which was the result of plasma cholesterol Esterstürz due to inhibition of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase by stagnant bile acids was responsible for this phenomenon. Elevation of serum bile acid concentration and increased serum leucine-aminopeptidase were closely correlated to the shift of hemolysis end-point toward the low osmolal side. CPC may be useful for detection and chasing the clinical course of patients with hepatobiliary disorders.