gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Green Fluorescent Protein in <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> DL1 and Its Use as a Species-Specific Marker in Coadhesion with <i>Streptococcus oralis</i> 34 in Saliva-Conditioned Biofilms In Vitro (2000)

Streptococcus gordonii is one of the predominant streptococci in the biofilm ecology of the oral cavity. It interacts with other bacteria through receptor-adhesin complexes formed between cognate molecules on the surfaces of the partner cells. To study the spatial organization of S. gordonii DL1 in oral biofilms, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a species-specific marker to identify S. gordonii in a two-species in vitro oral biofilm flowcell system. To drive expression of gfp, we isolated and characterized an endogenous S. gordonii promoter, PhppA, which is situated upstream of the chromosomal hppA gene encoding an oligopeptide-binding lipoprotein. A chromosomal chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene fusion with PhppA was constructed and used to demonstrate that PhppA was highly active throughout the growth of bacteria in batch culture. A promoterless 0.8-kb gfp ('gfp) cassette was PCR amplified from pBJ169 and subcloned to replace the cat cassette downstream of the S. gordonii-derived PhppA in pMH109-HPP, generating pMA1. Subsequently, the PhppA-'gfp cassette was PCR amplified from pMA1 and subcloned into pDL277 and pVA838 to generate the Escherichia coli-S. gordonii shuttle vectors pMA2 and pMA3, respectively. Each vector was transformed into S. gordonii DL1 aerobically to ensure GFP expression. Flow cytometric analyses of aerobically grown transformant cultures were performed over a 24-h period, and results showed that GFP could be successfully expressed in S. gordonii DL1 from PhppA and that S. gordonii DL1 transformed with the PhppA-'gfp fusion plasmid stably maintained the fluorescent phenotype. Fluorescent S. gordonii DL1 transformants were used to elucidate the spatial arrangement of S. gordonii DL1 alone in biofilms or with the coadhesion partner Streptococcus oralis 34 in two-species biofilms in a saliva-conditioned in vitro flowcell system. These results show for the first time that GFP expression in oral streptococci can be used as a species-specific marker in model oral biofilms.
Cytotoxic analogs of the iron(III) chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone: effects of complexation with copper(II), gallium(III), and iron (III) on their antiproliferative activities (1997)

This study examined if complexation with metals increased the antiproliferative activities of chelators of the pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) class. Addition of iron(III) to some PIH analogs markedly depressed their activities, whereas it had little effect on others. The gallium(III) complex of PIH, but not its copper(II) complex, was more efficient than the apochelator at inhibiting [3H]thymidine incorporation.
Natural killer-like T-cell lymphomas: aggressive lymphomas of T-large granular lymphocytes [see comments] (1996)

Natural killer (NK)-like T cells are major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted cytotoxic T cells that are surface CD3-positive, express NK-cell antigens, and rearrange their T-cell receptor. Most neoplasms arising from this T-cell subpopulation have been a chronic lymphoproliferative disease referred to as T-large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia. Only 10 NK-like T-cell lymphomas have been described in detail previously; this study presents the clinicopathologic features of six others and distinguishes these lymphomas from T-LGL leukemia. All patients presented with B-symptoms and often had marked hepatosplenomegaly without significant peripheral lymphadenopathy. Four of the six patients were immunosuppressed. All had CD3, CD8, CD56-positive tumors, presumably of hepatosplenic (n = 3), intestinal (n = 1), pulmonary (n = 1), or nodal (n = 1) origin. Three patients had lymphomatous bone marrow infiltrates, and four had peripheral blood involvement by neoplastic large lymphocytes, some of which had a blastic appearance or resembled virocytes. Azurophilic granules, ultrastructurally corresponding to cytoplasmic dense core and/or double density granules, were seen in all cases. T-cell clonality was shown in five tumors by Southern blot analysis, and three had abnormal karyotypes. Two untreated patients died 20 days after presentation, and three patients who received combination chemotherapy died within 5 months of presentation. One patient remains in complete remission 22 months after treatment. These findings suggest NK-like T-cell lymphomas are aggressive, are clinicopathologically distinct from T-LGL leukemia, and should be in the differential diagnosis of extranodal T-cell lymphoproliferations, including those in immunosuppressed patients. Furthermore, the LGL morphology, phenotype, and tissue distribution of some NK-like T-cell lymphomas suggest they arise from thymic-independent T cells of the hepatic sinusoids and intestinal mucosa.
Efficient and secure split manufacturing via obfuscated built-in self-authentication (2015)

The threats of reverse-engineering, IP piracy, and hardware Trojan insertion in the semiconductor supply chain are greater today than ever before. Split manufacturing has emerged as a viable approach to protect integrated circuits (ICs) fabricated in untrusted foundries, but has high cost and/or high performance overhead. Furthermore, split manufacturing cannot fully prevent untargeted hardware Trojan insertions. In this paper, we propose to insert additional functional circuitry called obfuscated built-in self-authentication (OBISA) in the chip layout with split manufacturing process, in order to prevent reverse-engineering and further prevent hardware Trojan insertion. Self-tests are performed to authenticate the trustworthiness of the OBISA circuitry. The OBISA circuit is connected to original design in order to increase the strength of obfuscation, thereby allowing a higher layer split and lower overall cost. Additional fan-outs are created in OBISA circuitry to improve obfuscation without losing testability. Our proposed gating mechanism and net selection method can ensure negligible overhead in terms of area, timing, and dynamic power. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique in several benchmark circuits.
Data-Provenance Verification For Secure Hosts (2011)

Malicious software typically resides stealthily on a user's computer and interacts with the user's computing resources. Our goal in this work is to improve the trustworthiness of a host and its system data. Specifically, we provide a new mechanism that ensures the correct origin or provenance of critical system information and prevents adversaries from utilizing host resources. We define data-provenance integrity as the security property stating that the source where a piece of data is generated cannot be spoofed or tampered with. We describe a cryptographic provenance verification approach for ensuring system properties and system-data integrity at kernel-level. Its two concrete applications are demonstrated in the keystroke integrity verification and malicious traffic detection. Specifically, we first design and implement an efficient cryptographic protocol that enforces keystroke integrity by utilizing on-chip Trusted Computing Platform (TPM). The protocol prevents the forgery of fake key events by malware under reasonable assumptions. Then, we demonstrate our provenance verification approach by realizing a lightweight framework for restricting outbound malware traffic. This traffic-monitoring framework helps identify network activities of stealthy malware, and lends itself to a powerful personal firewall for examining all outbound traffic of a host that cannot be bypassed.
Living Anionic Polymerization of α-Methyleneindane: An Exo-Methylene Hydrocarbon Monomer (2015)

α-Methyleneindane (MI), possessing an exo-methylene group, was synthesized by the Wittig reaction of 1-indanone and methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide in the presence of potassium tert-butoxide in THF. Since the synthesized MI was contaminated with 0.2–1.5 mol % of the isomeric byproduct, 3-methylindene (3MI), showing a high acidity (pKa ∼ 22), the basic anionic initiators, such as sec-BuLi, were immediately destroyed by the acidic 3MI prior to the polymerization of MI. After the partial deactivation of the initiator, the polymerization of MI quantitatively proceeded with the residual anionic initiator including sec-BuLi, lithium naphthalenide, and potassium naphthalenide in THF at −78 °C to form the polymers having predicted molecular weights based on the molar ratios between MI and the residual initiators and narrow molar mass dispersities (ĐM = Mw/Mn < 1.1). Since the polymerization of MI, a cyclic analogue of α-methylstyrene (αMeSt), quantitatively occurred at 0 °C in THF, the polymerizability of MI significantly differed from that of αMeSt having the low ceiling temperature around 0 °C. A tailored block copolymer of MI and styrene, poly(MI)-b-polystyrene, was obtained with a quantitative efficiency in THF at −78 °C by the sequential anionic copolymerization of MI and styrene, indicating the living character of the propagating carbanion of poly(MI). The relative anionic polymerizability of MI was estimated by the density functional theory (DFT) calculations. MI also underwent the free-radical polymerization with α,α′-azobis(isobutyronitrile) (AIBN) and the cationic polymerization with boron trifluoride diethyl etherate (BF3OEt2). The resulting poly(MI) possessed indane ring structures vertical to the main chain via the addition polymerization of the exo-methylene group and showed the glass transition temperature at 137 °C.
Nickel, cobalt, chromium, palladium and gold induce a mixed Th1- and Th2-type cytokine response<i>in vitro</i>in subjects with contact allergy to the respective metals (2006)

Nickel (Ni), the main cause of contact allergy to metals, induces in vitro production of both Th1- and Th2-type cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from allergic subjects. Because the knowledge of the cellular immune response to other metals involved in contact allergy has been limited, we investigated the cytokine profile induced by Ni, cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), palladium (Pd) and gold (Au) in PBMC from patients with patch test reactivity to the respective metals. PBMC from patients with patch test reactivity to Ni, Co, Cr, Au and/or Pd (n = 31) and non-allergic controls (n = 5) were stimulated in vitro with corresponding metal salts. Th1- [interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma] and Th2- (IL-4 and IL-13) type cytokine responses were measured by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All metals induced a mixed Th1- and Th2-type cytokine production in PBMC from individual patients with patch test reactivity to the corresponding metal, but not in control PBMC. Significantly higher responses in the patient versus controls were found for Cr (IL-2 and IL-13), Pd (IL-2 and IL-4), Au (IL-13 and IFN-gamma) (all P < 0.05) and Ni (all four cytokines; P < 0.01) but not Co. Overall, 71% (37/52) and 89% (81/91) of the positive and negative patch test reactivities to metals, respectively, were matched by the in vitro reactivity. In conclusion, our data suggest that sensitization to Co, Cr, Pd and Au results in a cellular immune response of a character similar to the mixed Th1- and Th2-type cytokine profile shown previously to be induced by Ni.
부모의 일반적 특성과 심리학적 요인, 사회문화적 요인이 기대자녀수에 미치는 영향: 11개월에서 31개월 영아 부모를 대상으로 (2015)

본 연구는 한국 부모의 일반적 특성과 심리적, 사회문화적 요인이 기대자녀수에 영향을 미치는지 알아보는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구의 대상은 육아정책연구소에서 수행하고 있는 종단연구인 한국아동패널 2차년도(2009년) 조사에 참여한 11-18개월 아동과 그 가족 총 1,904명이며, 3차년도(2010년) 조사에 참여한 23-31개월 아동과 그 가족 총 1,802명이다. 본 연구를 위해 PASW Statistics 18을 사용하여 빈도분석, 교차분석, 이원분석분석, 위계적 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 기대자녀수는 모연령, 부연령, 모취업상태, 월평균가구소득에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 기대자녀수는 모의 자기효능감, 모의 자아 존중감, 모의산후 우울증 등의 심리학적 요인에 따라 유의미한 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 기대자녀수는 부모의 자녀가치, 모의 자녀 미래기대에 따라 유의미한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 기대자녀수에 영향을 주는 변인은 2차 패널에서는 모의 자녀가치, 부연령, 모의취업상태 순으로 유의미한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 3차 패널에서는 모의 자녀가치, 부연령, 모의 취업상태, 월평균 가구소득, 모-자녀미래기대 순으로 유의미한 영향이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 분석결과를 토대로 기대자녀수 및 후속출산율을 증진시키기 위한 시사점을 제안하였다.
microRNA-138 modulates cardiac patterning during embryonic development (2008)

Organ patterning during embryonic development requires precise temporal and spatial regulation of protein activity. microRNAs (miRNAs), small noncoding RNAs that typically inhibit protein expression, are broadly important for proper development, but their individual functions during organogenesis are largely unknown. We report that miR-138 is expressed in specific domains in the zebrafish heart and is required to establish appropriate chamber-specific gene expression patterns. Disruption of miR-138 function led to ventricular expansion of gene expression normally restricted to the atrio-ventricular valve region and, ultimately, to disrupted ventricular cardiomyocyte morphology and cardiac function. Temporal-specific knockdown of miR-138 by antagomiRs showed miR-138 function was required during a discrete developmental window, 24-34 h post-fertilization (hpf). miR-138 functioned partially by repressing the retinoic acid synthesis enzyme, aldehyde dehydrogenase-1a2, in the ventricle. This activity was complemented by miR-138-mediated ventricular repression of the gene encoding versican (cspg2), which was positively regulated by retinoic-acid signaling. Our findings demonstrate that miR-138 helps establish discrete domains of gene expression during cardiac morphogenesis by targeting multiple members of a common pathway, and also establish the use of antagomiRs in fish for temporal knockdown of miRNA function.
Atomic-Scale Imaging and Spectroscopy for <i>In Situ</i> Liquid Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (2012)

Observation of growth, synthesis, dynamics, and electrochemical reactions in the liquid state is an important yet largely unstudied aspect of nanotechnology. The only techniques that can potentially provide the insights necessary to advance our understanding of these mechanisms is simultaneous atomic-scale imaging and quantitative chemical analysis (through spectroscopy) under environmental conditions in the transmission electron microscope. In this study we describe the experimental and technical conditions necessary to obtain electron energy loss (EEL) spectra from a nanoparticle in colloidal suspension using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with the environmental liquid stage. At a fluid path length below 400 nm, atomic resolution images can be obtained and simultaneous compositional analysis can be achieved. We show that EEL spectroscopy can be used to quantify the total fluid path length around the nanoparticle and demonstrate that characteristic core-loss signals from the suspended nanoparticles can be resolved and analyzed to provide information on the local interfacial chemistry with the surrounding environment. The combined approach using aberration-corrected STEM and EEL spectra with the in situ fluid stage demonstrates a plenary platform for detailed investigations of solution-based catalysis.
Effects of spacer parameters on resistive Hilbert curve array absorbers (2009)

In this paper, effects of permittivity and loss of dielectric spacer on performance of Hilbert curve array absorbers are investigated numerically. A bi-infinite resistive Hilbert curve array separated by a dielectric spacer from PEC ground plane was simulated using HFSS. Frequency range chosen was from 6 GHz to 18 GHz. Simulation was carried out with values of spacer permittivity equal to 0.1, 1, 2, and 4. Absorbers were then analyzed numerically for effect of spacer loss. Simulation was repeated for spacer conductivities of 0.1 and 1 Sm-1. From Simulated results it was observed that best performance is achieved with vacuum as spacer.
Tratamiento penal de la delincuencia habitual grave (2009)

Se analiza la evolucion reciente de la legislacion y jurisprudencia penales en relacion al tratamiento de la delincuencia habitual grave, con especial incidencia en el art. 76 CP, la doctrina Parot y sus consecuencias respecto de acumulaciones penales ya practicadas. Se estudia luego el maximo de cumplimiento en las infracciones no conexas, supuestos de «cadena perpetua» de facto, y las propuestas de reforma del CP, destacando la regulacion que el anteproyecto de noviembre de 2008 hace de la pena accesoria de libertad vigilada.
49. Mechanism of, and constitutional factors controlling, the hydrolysis of carboxylic esters. Part VIII. Energies associated with induced polar effects in the hydrolysis of substituted benzoic esters (1936)

C. K. Ingold and W. S. Nathan, J. Chem. Soc., 1936, 222 DOI: 10.1039/JR9360000222
446. Trimethylgallium. Part I. The relative stabilities of its co-ordination compounds with the methyl derivatives of groups V<sub>B</sub>and VI<sub>B</sub>, and the thermal decomposition of some trimethylgallium–amine complexes (1951)

G. E. Coates, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 2003 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510002003
Recovery of Dynamic Visual Acuity in Unilateral Vestibular Hypofunction (2003)

Use of vestibular exercises is the main factor involved in recovery of DVA-predictable and DVA-unpredictable in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Exercises may foster the use of centrally programmed eye movements that could substitute for the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The DVA-predictable would benefit more from this than would DVA-unpredictable.
Multifunctional and multicomponent heterostructured one-dimensional nanostructures: advances in growth, characterisation, and applications (2010)

Multicomponent nanostructures are of immense importance due to their diverse functionality, improved stability and unique properties. In this regard, heterostructures based on one-dimensional (1D) nanostructures, such as nanotubes and nanowires, will be critical in the future development, miniaturisation and enhanced performance of devices. Of particular importance are radially or axially heterostructured nanowires that can have composition modulation in radial or axial directions with abrupt or non-abrupt interfaces. These heterostructures have immense potential in multifunctional and multicomponent nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, sensors, photocatalysts, solar cells, batteries, biomedical devices and analytical platforms. Different materials can be incorporated into radial or axial nanowire heterostructures via suitable and compatible growth method(s). This article reviews the most recent and pioneering developments in the area of radially and axially heterostructured 1D nanostructures. In addition, various aspects of growth, device architectures, characterisation methodologies, properties and their applications have been discussed in detail. The article discusses different growth methods for single component 1D nanostructures and how these as well as new methods are being employed to fabricate heterostructured 1D nanostructures. Challenges and motivations in this area of research have been elaborated and a comprehensive literature review covering various milestones of this multifaceted research area have been discussed. The review concludes by outlining future directions and developments required to advance this field.
Adaptive polynomial rendering (2016)

In this paper, we propose a new adaptive rendering method to improve the performance of Monte Carlo ray tracing, by reducing noise contained in rendered images while preserving high-frequency edges. Our method locally approximates an image with polynomial functions and the optimal order of each polynomial function is estimated so that our reconstruction error can be minimized. To robustly estimate the optimal order, we propose a multi-stage error estimation process that iteratively estimates our reconstruction error. In addition, we present an energy-preserving outlier removal technique to remove spike noise without causing noticeable energy loss in our reconstruction result. Also, we adaptively allocate additional ray samples to high error regions guided by our error estimation. We demonstrate that our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods by controlling the tradeoff between reconstruction bias and variance through locally defining our polynomial order, even without need for filtering bandwidth optimization, the common approach of other recent methods.
Body checking induces an attentional bias for body‐related cues (2009)

These results are the first to experimentally establish the link between body checking and attentional bias toward body-related cues.
Synthesis of High-Surface-Area Zirconia Aerogels with a Well-Developed Mesoporous Texture Using CO<sub>2</sub> Supercritical Drying (2002)

Aging was found to be an important step for obtaining high-surface-area zirconia aerogels prepared by the sol−gel method using zirconium n-propoxide and subsequent supercritical drying with carbon dioxide. A narrow and much sharper pore size distribution of calcined zirconia aerogels could be obtained only after extended aging.
Comparative Study of Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Carbon Monoxide over the La<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Sr<i><sub>x</sub></i>BO<sub>3</sub> (B = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Catalysts (1998)

In this study, we select a catalyst with the highest activity to reduce NO with CO as a reducing reactant from four series of perovskites La1-xSrxBO3 where B = Mn, Fe, Co, or Ni. The cause for different activities is also closely examined by characterizing the perovskites by XRD, XPS, NO-TPD, and CO-TPR. Activity test results indicate that the LaFeO3 catalyst has the highest activity. Also, substituting La with Sr increases the activity in the Mn, Co, and Ni series. In addition, an optimal substitution fraction exists for each series, whereas adding Sr does not promote the activity of the LaFeO3 catalyst. The atomic ratio of B/(La + Sr) obtained from the XPS analysis can be correlated to the substitution fraction of Sr (x) and, subsequently, with the catalytic activity. By increasing x, this ratio initially increases but later decreases when the SrBO3 phase appears. Among the catalysts in the same series, the one with a higher B/(La + Sr) ratio on the surface yields a higher activity. The NO-TPD experimental results indicate that the NO adsorption plays an influential role in this catalytic reduction reaction. Moreover, the temperature range of NO desorption is the same as that of the reaction and the amount of NO desorbed is roughly proportional to the catalyst activity. The CO-TPR reveals that the reducibility of the catalyst is another factor influencing the activity. A catalyst having a larger fraction of Sr is more easily reduced. However, such reduction becomes difficult when the SrBO3 phase appears.