gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous variable (2, 3) threshold quantum secret sharing schemes (2003)

We present two schemes to perform continuous variable (2, 3)\nthreshold quantum secret sharing (QSS) on the quadrature amplitudes of bright\nlight beams. Both schemes require a pair of entangled light beams. The first\nscheme utilizes two phase sensitive optical amplifiers, whilst the second uses an\nelectro-optic feedforward loop for the reconstruction of the secret. We examine\nthe efficacy of QSS in terms of fidelity, as well as the signal transfer coefficients\nand the conditional variances of the reconstructed output state. We show that\nboth schemes in the ideal case yield perfect secret reconstruction.
Golden nuggets: clinical quality data mining in acute care. (2008)

See how a New jersey medical center used data mining technology to help physicians work more efficiently and reduce medical mistakes.
Complementary and alternative medicines: use in skin diseases (2007)

There is a plethora of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) used by sufferers of skin diseases. For the most part, the use of these therapies is based on anecdotal evidence or on traditional patterns of use. Relatively little empirical evidence exists for the use of CAM therapies in skin diseases. Those studies that have examined CAM skin disease therapies have often been flawed methodologically. A small number of CAM therapies have been accepted or are on the cusp of acceptance in dermatological practice. Even here, the evidence for CAM use is often limited or equivocal. Equally, issues of poorly documented adverse effect profiles, quality control of preparations and product adulteration and contamination hamper the integration of CAM therapies into orthodox dermatology practice. Thus, it may be more appropriate to consider ‘pluralism’ rather than ‘integration’ in the relationship of CAM and conventional medicine.
Recombinant Clostridium difficile Toxin Fragments as Carrier Protein for PSII Surface Polysaccharide Preserve Their Neutralizing Activity (2014)

Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive bacterium and is the most commonly diagnosed cause of hospital-associated and antimicrobial-associated diarrhea. Despite the emergence of epidemic C. difficile strains having led to an increase in the incidence of the disease, a vaccine against this pathogen is not currently available. C. difficile strains produce two main toxins (TcdA and TcdB) and express three highly complex cell-surface polysaccharides (PSI, PSII and PSIII). PSII is the more abundantly expressed by most C. difficile ribotypes offering the opportunity of the development of a carbohydrate-based vaccine. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy, in naive mice model, of PSII glycoconjugates where recombinant toxins A and B fragments (TcdA_B2 and TcdB_GT respectively) have been used as carriers. Both glycoconjugates elicited IgG titers anti-PSII although only the TcdB_GT conjugate induced a response comparable to that obtained with CRM197. Moreover, TcdA_B2 and TcdB_GT conjugated to PSII retained the ability to elicit IgG with neutralizing activity against the respective toxins. These results are a crucial proof of concept for the development of glycoconjugate vaccines against C. difficile infection (CDI) that combine different C. difficile antigens to potentially prevent bacterial colonization of the gut and neutralize toxin activity.
Utilization of Rice Starch in the Formulation of Low-Fat, Wheat-Free Chicken Nuggets (2006)

Three trials of 6 treatments (rice flour, wet batter baked; rice flour, dry batter baked; rice flour, wet batter fried; wheat flour, wet batter baked; wheat flour, dry batter baked; wheat flour, wet batter fried) were utilized to test the effects of flour type, batter type, and cooking method on the characteristics of chicken nuggets. Value was added to these chicken nuggets by utilizing rice flour in the production of gluten-free products as well as lipid reduction through baking. Added value is attributed to the production of a product that is highly acceptable to certain consumer clusters and has the potential to reach niche markets (wheat-free or low-fat chicken nuggets) that have not previously been targeted in the mainstream portion of the grocery store. Consumers were clustered into 6 population segments revealing that all 6 treatments were acceptable to some segment of the population. Baking instead of frying reduced fat calories by at least 67%. This reveals the feasibility of using rice flour in the formulation of low-fat or wheat-free chicken nuggets without diminishing quality and the added value component of usability by people who either require a low-fat diet, have celiac disease, or both.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids. The biosynthesis of senecic acid (1972)

Feeding experiments have shown that two five-carbon units derived from isoleucine are specifically incorporated into senecic acid (IV) in Senecio magnificus. The specific incorporation of the methyl carbon atom of methionine into C-3 of serine in pea seedlings has been demonstrated. The significance of this result in relation to necic acid biosynthesis is discussed.
Direct overwriting capability of magneto-optical disks (1990)

Erasing magneto-optical disks were studied using constant frequency pulses. The magnetic layer was Gd12Tb12Fe76. The linear velocity was 7.2 m/s and writing and rewriting were done at 1.8 MHz. The magnetic field was the same during writing and erasing. If the erasing power is too low, bits are incompletely erased, and if the erasing power is too high, erase pulses nucleate domains. Erasing performance can be improved by high frequencies and low duty cycles. Erasing performance decreases as the magnetic field in write direction becomes stronger. However, almost the same rewriting C/N as the original C/N can be obtained in a weak magnetic field. We obtained a rewriting C/N of 29 dB, while an original C/N was 31 dB at a magnetic field of +50 Oe.
Photoisomerization of o-Nitrobenzyl Compounds (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoisomerization of o-Nitrobenzyl CompoundsAaron L. Bluhm, John A. Sousa, and Julius WeinsteinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 3, 636–640Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01026a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01026a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cross-Linking Techniques (1993)

Chemical crosslinking technology was used for (a) enhancing the stability of trypsin, β-galactosidase, and concanavalin A and (b) forming protein-protein conjugates viz. trypsin-chymotrypsin, trypsin-β-galactosidase, and concanavalin A-β-galactosidase. For stabilization of the three proteins, dimethyl adipimidate was found to give the best results. The intramolecularly crosslinked trypsin, with an average of 9.5 groups modified out of 14 free amino groups present, showed a much slower rate of autolysis at 40°C compared to native trypsin. Crosslinked β-galactosidase entrapped in polyacrylamide hydrolyzed 47% of milk lactose in 6 h and at 55βC. Entrapped native enzyme hydrolyzed only 31% substrate under the same conditions. Besides preparing an insoluble aggregate of trypsin-chymotrypsin and β-galactosidase, conjugates of trypsin-chymotrypsin, trypsin-alkaline phosphatase, and Concanavalin A-β-galactosidase were also prepared and evaluated.
CL-TWE Mach-Zehnder modulators on InP: Central elements in transmitter PICs of increasing complexity (2017)

The development of advanced InP-based transmitter PICs of increasing complexity and integrating periodically capacitive-loaded (CL) Travelling Wave Electrode (TWE) Mach-Zehnder modulators is reported and discussed in examples.
Evaluating technologies for classification and prediction in medicine (2005)

Modern technologies promise to provide new ways of diagnosing disease, detecting subclinical disease, predicting prognosis, selecting patient specific treatment, identifying subjects at risk for disease, and so forth. Advances in genomics, proteomics and imaging modalities in particular hold great potential for assisting with classification/prediction in medicine. Before a classifier can be adopted for routine use in health care, its classification accuracy must be determined. Standards for evaluating new clinical classifiers however, lag far behind the well established standards that exist for evaluating new clinical treatments. In this paper, we discuss a phased approach to developing a new classifier (or biomarker). It mirrors the internationally established phase 1-2-3 paradigm for therapeutic drugs. The defined phases lead to a logical sequence of studies for classifier development. We emphasize that evaluating classification accuracy is fundamentally different from simply establishing association with outcome. Therefore, study objectives and designs differ from the familiar methods of clinical trials. We discuss these briefly for each phase.Finally, we argue that classifier development requires some rethinking of traditional data analysis techniques. As an example we show that maximizing the likelihood function to fit a logistic regression model to multiple predictors, can yield a poor classifier. Instead we demonstrate that an approach that maximizes an alternative objective function characterizing classification accuracy performs better.
Phosphate Starvation-Inducible Proteins of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> : Proteomics and Transcriptional Analysis (2000)

The phosphate starvation response in Bacillus subtilis was analyzed using two-dimensional (2D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of cell extracts and supernatants from phosphate-starved cells. Most of the phosphate starvation-induced proteins are under the control of sigma(B), the activity of which is increased by energy depletion. In order to define the proteins belonging to the Pho regulon, which is regulated by the two-component regulatory proteins PhoP and PhoR, the 2D protein pattern of the wild type was compared with those of a sigB mutant and a phoR mutant. By matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, two alkaline phosphatases (APases) (PhoA and PhoB), an APase-alkaline phosphodiesterase (PhoD), a glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase (GlpQ), and the lipoprotein YdhF were identified as very strongly induced PhoPR-dependent proteins secreted into the extracellular medium. In the cytoplasmic fraction, PstB1, PstB2, and TuaD were identified as already known PhoPR-dependent proteins, in addition to PhoB, PhoD, and the previously described PstS. Transcriptional studies of glpQ and ydhF confirmed the strong PhoPR dependence. Northern hybridization and primer extension experiments showed that glpQ is transcribed monocistronically from a sigma(A) promoter which is overlapped by four putative TT(A/T)ACA-like PhoP binding sites. Furthermore, ydhF might be cotranscribed with phoB initiating from the phoB promoter. Only a small group of proteins remained phosphate starvation inducible in both phoR and sigB mutant and did not form a unique regulation group. Among these, YfhM and YjbC were controlled by sigma(B)-dependent and unknown PhoPR-independent mechanisms. Furthermore, YtxH and YvyD seemed to be induced after phosphate starvation in the wild type in a sigma(B)-dependent manner and in the sigB mutant probably via sigma(H). YxiE was induced by phosphate starvation independently of sigma(B) and PhoPR.
Engineering Customized TALE Nucleases (TALENs) and TALE Transcription Factors by Fast Ligation‐Based Automatable Solid‐Phase High‐Throughput (FLASH) Assembly (2013)

Customized DNA-binding domains made using transcription activator-like effector (TALE) repeats are rapidly growing in importance as widely applicable research tools. TALE nucleases (TALENs), composed of an engineered array of TALE repeats fused to the FokI nuclease domain, have been used successfully for directed genome editing in various organisms and cell types. TALE transcription factors (TALE-TFs), consisting of engineered TALE repeat arrays linked to a transcriptional regulatory domain, have been used to up- or downregulate expression of endogenous genes in human cells and plants. This unit describes a detailed protocol for the recently described fast ligation-based automatable solid-phase high-throughput (FLASH) assembly method. FLASH enables automated high-throughput construction of engineered TALE repeats using an automated liquid handling robot or manually using a multichannel pipet. Using the automated approach, a single researcher can construct up to 96 DNA fragments encoding TALE repeat arrays of various lengths in a single day, and then clone these to construct sequence-verified TALEN or TALE-TF expression plasmids in a week or less. Plasmids required for FLASH are available by request from the Joung lab (http://eGenome.org). This unit also describes improvements to the Zinc Finger and TALE Targeter (ZiFiT Targeter) web server (http://ZiFiT.partners.org) that facilitate the design and construction of FLASH TALE repeat arrays in high throughput.
Robust encryption for secure image transmission over wireless channels (2005)

The security of multimedia data transmitted over wireless networks is of increased interest. Encryption mechanisms securely transmit multimedia data over insecure networks. A major issue that has received very little attention so far is that the very same properties that gives ciphers (encryption mechanisms) their cryptographic strength make them sensitive to channel errors as well. In addition, this would enhance the error propagation inherent in compressed data. Therefore provision of security for multimedia transmission over wireless channel results in throughput loss. Nevertheless this lost throughput is traded for increased security. To our knowledge there has been no substantial effort to optimize this tradeoff. Opportunistic encryption proposed in this work is a way to optimize the tradeoff between security offered and the throughput lost due to a cipher. We show that opportunistic encryption methods that adapt to channel variations will lead to an overall increase in the system performance. Two broad scenarios based on channel knowledge are considered, (a) exact channel state information up to a finite time horizon is known and (b) only the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is known. Proposed opportunistic encryption framework is found to achieve significant gains in throughput compared to fixed block length encryption methods for a wide range of average SNR values. We have shown that applying opportunistic encryption on JPEG compressed image results in a better quality of received image and improved security compared to fixed block length encryption.
Visual Exploration of Malicious Network Objects Using Semantic Zoom, Interactive Encoding and Dynamic Queries (2006)

This paper explores the application of visualization techniques to aid in the analysis of malicious and non-malicious binary objects. These objects may include any logically distinct chunks of binary data such as image files, word processing documents and network packets. To facilitate this analysis, we present a novel visualization technique for comparing and navigating among 600-1000+ such objects at one time. While the visualization technique alone has powerful application for both directed and undirected exploration of many classes of binary objects, we chose to study network packets. To increase effectiveness, we strengthened the visualization technique with novel, domain-specific semantic zooming, interactive encoding and dynamic querying capabilities. We present results and lessons learned from implementing these techniques and from studying both malicious and non-malicious network packets. Our results indicate that the information visualization system we present is an efficient and effective way to compare large numbers of network packets, visually examine their payloads and navigate to areas of interest within large network datasets.
Controlling the Immune System Through Semaphorins (2002)

Semaphorins provide crucial attractive and repulsive cues involved in axon guidance. Several semaphorins have also been detected in cells of the immune system. Their influence on cell motility has been reported and is reminiscent of the biological function attributed to nervous system semaphorins. Receptors of the plexin and neuropilin family of proteins, also expressed by some immune cells, may be involved in semaphorin signaling in the immune system. However, semaphorins also affect the functioning of the immune system through receptors regulating lymphocyte activation. An important challenge in the future will be to determine whether, as in the nervous system, semaphorins help immune cells to establish connections with their appropriate targets.
Spectral Methods for Dimensionality Reduction (2006)

This chapter provides an overview of unsupervised learning algorithms that can be viewed as spectral methods for linear and nonlinear dimensionality reduction. Spectral methods have recently emerged as a powerful tool for nonlinear dimensionality reduction and manifold learning. These methods are able to reveal low-dimensional structure in high-dimensional data from the top or bottom eigenvectors of specially constructed matrices. To analyze data that lie on a low-dimensional submanifold, the matrices are constructed from sparse weighted graphs whose vertices represent input patterns and whose edges indicate neighborhood relations. The main computations for manifold learning are based on tractable, polynomial-time optimizations, such as shortest-path problems, least-squares fits, semi-definite programming, and matrix diagonalization.
The therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is mediated by peripheral and central mechanisms (2012)

Stem cells are currently seen as a treatment for tissue regeneration in neurological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, anticipating that they integrate and differentiate into neural cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a subset of adult progenitor cells, differentiate into cells of the mesodermal lineage but also, under certain experimental circumstances, into cells of the neuronal and glial lineage. Their clinical development, however, has been significantly boosted by the demonstration that MSCs display significant therapeutic plasticity mainly occurring through bystander mechanisms. These features have been exploited in the effective treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of multiple sclerosis where the inhibition of the autoimmune response resulted in a significant amelioration of disease and decrease of demyelination, immune infiltrates and axonal loss. Surprisingly, these effects do not require MSCs to engraft in the central nervous system but depend on the cells' ability to inhibit pathogenic immune responses both in the periphery and inside the central nervous system and to release neuroprotective and pro-oligodendrogenic molecules favoring tissue repair. These results paved the road for the utilization of MSCs for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.
Incontinence pessaries: size, POPQ measures, and successful fitting (2009)

The vast majority of women with SUI can be successfully fitted with an incontinence pessary, but specific POPQ measures were not helpful in determining incontinence pessary size.
Narrowband and broadband active control in an enclosure using the acoustic energy density (2000)

An active control system based on the acoustic energy density is investigated. The system is targeted for use in three-dimensional enclosures, such as aircraft cabins and rooms. The acoustic energy density control method senses both the potential and kinetic energy densities, while the most popular control systems of the past have relied on the potential energy density alone. Energy density fields are more uniform than squared pressure fields, and therefore, energy density measurements are less sensitive to sensor location. Experimental results are compared to computer-generated results for control systems based on energy density and squared pressure for a rectangular enclosure measuring 1.5 x 2.4 x 1.9 m. Broadband and narrowband frequency pressure fields in the room are controlled experimentally. Pressure-field and mode-amplitude data are presented for the narrowband experiments, while spectra and pressure-field data are presented for the broadband experiment. It is found that the energy density control system has superior performance to the squared pressure control system since the energy density measurement is more capable of observing the modes of a pressure field. Up to 14.4 and 3.8 dB of cancellation are achieved for the energy density control method for the narrowband and broadband experiments presented, respectively.
Complete nucleotide sequence of immunogenic protein MPB70 from<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>BCG (1989)

The extracellular protein MPB70 is a heat-stable immunogenic protein which was found in the culture filtrate of Mycobacterium bovis BCG Japanese. We determined the complete nt and aa sequences of MPB70 and correlated with the previously reported data. The N-terminal sequence revealed that the signal peptide (SP) consisted of 30 aa and that the mature protein had 163 aa with a molecular weight of 16,305. The SP displayed a characteristic feature of an Ala-rich property which would be efficient in a SP function.
Rapid method for determination of boron in biological materials (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRapid method for determination of boron in biological materialsAlexander. Kaczmarczyk, Janette R. Messer, and Cynthia E. PeirceCite this: Anal. Chem. 1971, 43, 2, 271–272Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60297a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60297a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views40Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts