gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Toxicity in Cell Culture, and Tolerance in Mammals of a Water-Soluble Fullerene (1994)

The bis(monosuccinimide) derivative of p,p'-bis(2-aminoethyl)diphenyl C60, 1, had substantial activity against HIV-1 and HIV-2 in acutely or chronically infected human lymphocytes, and activity against AZT-resistant HIV-1 in vitro (EC50 ~ 3-7 µM). This activity was primarily associated with virucidal and anti-protease properties of 1. The fullerene had very low cytotoxicity (IC50 > 100 µM in PBMC, H9, Vero, and CEM cells) in various cells. Compound 1 did not interact with the CD4+ receptor on human lymphocytes even at 100 µM. Similarly, no anti-fusion activity was noted at that concentration. No toxicity in mice was apparent when 1 was administered intraperitoneally at 50 mg/kg per day for 6 days.
Epidermal Growth Factor in Liposomes May Enhance Osteoclast Recruitment during Tooth Movement in Rats (2008)

Exogenous EGF-liposome administration has an additive effect when compared with soluble EGF on the rate of osteoclast recruitment, producing faster bone resorption and tooth movement.
Development of a “Cooling” Menthol Energy Gel for Endurance Athletes: Effect of Menthol Concentration on Acceptability and Preferences (2020)

Menthol is effective at stimulating thermosensitive neurons that evoke pleasant cooling sensations. Internal application of menthol can be ergogenic for athletes, and hence, addition of menthol to sports nutrition products may be beneficial for athletes. The aim of this study was to develop a menthol energy gel for consumption during exercise and to determine acceptability and preferences for gels with different menthol concentrations. With a randomized, crossover, and double-blind placebo-controlled design, 40 endurance athletes (20 females) ingested an energy gel with a menthol additive at a high (0.5%; HIGH) or low concentration (0.1%; LOW), or a mint-flavored placebo (CON), on separate occasions during outdoor endurance training sessions. The athletes rated the gels for cooling sensation, mint flavor intensity, sweetness, and overall experience and provided feedback. Results are reported as median (interquartile range). Both menthol gels successfully delivered a cooling sensation, with a significantly greater response for HIGH (5.0 [4.0-5.0]) compared with LOW (3.5 [3.0-4.0]; p = .022) and CON (1.0 [1.0-2.0]; p < .0005), and LOW compared with CON (p < .0005). Ratings of mint flavor intensity followed the same trend as cooling sensation, while ratings of overall experience were significantly worse for HIGH (2.0 [1.0-3.0]) compared with LOW (4.0 [2.0-4.0]; p = .001) and CON (4.0 [3.0-4.0]; p < .0005). An energy gel with the addition of menthol at 0.1-0.5% provides a cooling sensation for athletes with a dose-response when ingested during exercise. The 0.1% concentration is recommended to maximize the overall experience of the gel.
The Skeletal Muscle Environment and Its Role in Immunity and Tolerance to AAV Vector-Mediated Gene Transfer (2015)

Since the early days of gene therapy, muscle has been one the most studied tissue targets for the correction of enzyme deficiencies and myopathies. Several preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted using adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Exciting progress has been made in the gene delivery technologies, from the identification of novel AAV serotypes to the development of novel vector delivery techniques. In parallel, significant knowledge has been generated on the host immune system and its interaction with both the vector and the transgene at the muscle level. In particular, the role of underlying muscle inflammation, characteristic of several diseases affecting the muscle, has been defined in terms of its potential detrimental impact on gene transfer with AAV vectors. At the same time, feedback immunomodulatory mechanisms peculiar of skeletal muscle involving resident regulatory T cells have been identified, which seem to play an important role in maintaining, at least to some extent, muscle homeostasis during inflammation and regenerative processes. Devising strategies to tip this balance towards unresponsiveness may represent an avenue to improve the safety and efficacy of muscle gene transfer with AAV vectors.
Keystroke Dynamics Verification Using a Spontaneously Generated Password (2006)

Current keystroke dynamics applications have tackled the problem of traditional knowledge-based static password verification, but the problem of spontaneous password verification persists. The intent of this study was to examine the predictive strength of typing patterns for spontaneous passwords. The typing patterns of an individual typing at a DELLreg keyboard on a DELL OptiPlexreg GX260 machine were recorded. Variables collected included keystroke press time and keystroke latency. Computed performance measures included false match rates (FMR) and false non match rates (FNMR) at various threshold levels
Design, fabrication and assembly of 3-D microstructures (2007)

The primary goal of a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) is to integrate electronics, sensors and actuators into a tiny system, which can be easily fabricated and packaged. Currently there is no standard process for manufacturing all the sub-components since a lot of them are made from different materials and fabrication technologies. Therefore, there is a great interest to develop a reliable manufacturing approach that allows for the integration of multiple micro devices on a single chip.\nThis work describes two approaches to achieve this heterogeneous integration: (1) hybrid material integration by introducing new materials into a well-known self-assembly platform (PolyMUMPs) to develop new devices which cannot be achieved by a conventional process. Organic polymer was applied on self-assembled polysilicon microstructures to create new optomechanical devices which can work together with existing micro devices on the same platform. (2) Direct integration of different microcomponents on a common platform by using direct micoassembly. A new active joining mechanism was proposed for this purpose. It can be used for the assembly of microcomponents that are made of different materials, dimensions and shapes. \nBoth of the two techniques have been successfully demonstrated in this thesis. The microparts have been designed, fabricated, and then assembled into self-aligned 3-D out-of-plane structures. In the first approach, polymer was successfully integrated as the optical interface of a transmission-type thin-film filter with self-assembled microstructures. It overcame the inherent high absorption of optical signals in polysilicon, which has restricted its application only to reflection-type devices. In the second approach, an innovative active lock mechanism is developed. It provides both the mechanical and electrical interconnections between the microparts and the target substrate or subassembly. This technique allows each of the microcomponents to be fabricated optimally using respective processes then assembled together. Several proof-of-concept devices, such as free space filters and multiple micro-manipulators for parallel assembly, have been constructed.\nThe results of this work have provided a new way for heterogeneous integration of 3-D microstructures and have resulted in a number of contributions to the MEMS field.
Reducing Impact Loading During Running With the Use of Real-Time Visual Feedback (2010)

In a single session of training with real-time visual feedback, it appears that most runners can reduce the types of lower extremity loading associated with stress fractures. This may lead to training programs that reduce the risk of stress fractures for runners.
Public key encryption supporting plaintext equality test and user‐specified authorization (2012)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we investigate a category of public key encryption schemes that supports plaintext equality test and user‐specified authorization. With this new primitive, two users, who possess their own public/private key pairs, can issue token(s) to a proxy to authorize it to perform plaintext equality test from their ciphertexts. We provide a formal formulation for this primitive and present a construction with provable security in our security model. To mitigate the risks against the semi‐trusted proxies, we enhance the proposed cryptosystem by integrating the concept of computational client puzzles. As a showcase, we construct a secure personal health record application on the basis of this primitive. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel, Mild and Chemoselective Dehydrogenation of 2‐Imidazolines with Trichloroisocyanuric Acid. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An alpaca nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 by blocking receptor interaction (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells through an interaction between the spike glycoprotein and the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. Directly preventing this interaction presents an attractive possibility for suppressing SARS-CoV-2 replication. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of an alpaca-derived single domain antibody fragment, Ty1, that specifically targets the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike, directly preventing ACE2 engagement. Ty1 binds the RBD with high affinity, occluding ACE2. A cryo-electron microscopy structure of the bound complex at 2.9 Å resolution reveals that Ty1 binds to an epitope on the RBD accessible in both the 'up' and 'down' conformations, sterically hindering RBD-ACE2 binding. While fusion to an Fc domain renders Ty1 extremely potent, Ty1 neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudovirus as a 12.8 kDa nanobody, which can be expressed in high quantities in bacteria, presenting opportunities for manufacturing at scale. Ty1 is therefore an excellent candidate as an intervention against COVID-19.
Isolation and identification of canine adenovirus type-2 from the upper respiratory tract of a dog (1998)

Abstract Aim. To report on the isolation and identification of canine adenovirus type-2 (CAV-2) from a greyhound dog with tracheitis/tonsillitis. Methods. Virus isolation was performed with Madin and Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell monolayers using standard virological techniques. The isolated virus was identified by haemagglutination inhibition and serum neutralisation tests. Viral DNA was extracted from infected MDCK cells and subjected to restriction endonuclease analysis using the endonuclease enzymes Bam HI, Bgl II, Eco RI and Hind DIII. Results. A virus, designated 5113-87, was isolated in MDCK cells yielding typical cytopathic effect. The virus could be neutralised with a CAV-2 specific reference antiserum and also showed some cross neutralisation with CAV-1 specific reference antiserum. The virus 5113-87 had a high haemagglutination inhibition titre with CAV-2 antiserum using human group 0 red blood-cells and CAV-1 and CAV-2 reference antisera. This virus also had DNA restriction profiles identical to those of the reference CAV-2 (Toronto A26/61), whereas previously isolated strains of adenovirus from dogs in New Zealand had DNA restriction patterns identical to the prototype CAV-1 strain (Utrecht). Conclusion. The findings show that the virus 5113-87 isolated from the upper respiratory tract of a dog in New Zealand is CAV-2.
Molecular Cloning of Mouse Glycolate Oxidase (1999)

Iron regulatory proteins (IRPs) control the synthesis of several proteins in iron metabolism by binding to iron-responsive elements (IREs), a hairpin structure in the untranslated region (UTR) of corresponding mRNAs. Binding of IRPs to IREs in the 5' UTR inhibits translation of ferritin heavy and light chain, erythroid aminolevulinic acid synthase, mitochondrial aconitase, and Drosophila succinate dehydrogenase b, whereas IRP binding to IREs in the 3' UTR of transferrin receptor mRNA prolongs mRNA half-life. To identify new targets of IRPs, we devised a method to enrich IRE-containing mRNAs by using recombinant IRP-1 as an affinity matrix. A cDNA library established from enriched mRNA was screened by an RNA-protein band shift assay. This revealed a novel IRE-like sequence in the 3' UTR of a liver-specific mouse mRNA. The newly identified cDNA codes for a protein with high homology to plant glycolate oxidase (GOX). Recombinant protein expressed in bacteria displayed enzymatic GOX activity. Therefore, this cDNA represents the first vertebrate GOX homologue. The IRE-like sequence in mouse GOX exhibited strong binding to IRPs at room temperature. However, it differs from functional IREs by a mismatch in the middle of its upper stem and did not confer iron-dependent regulation in cells.
Relationship between tensile properties and ballistic performance of poly(ethylene naphthalate) woven and nonwoven fabrics (2012)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effect of tensile properties of poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) yarns on the ballistic performance of woven and nonwoven soft and composite armors. The results of ballistic tests of PEN armors were compared with Kevlar 49 armors as a reference. Based on these results, the Cunniff's equation was revised by removing the fiber elongation at break to predict the relationship between tensile properties and ballistic performances of PEN fibers. The calculations showed that by increasing tenacity of PEN fibers from 8.5 g/den (commercial product) to 12.5 g/den (strongest up to date PEN fibers produced by a novel melt spinning process discovered by our research group), the weight ratio of PEN to Kevlar 49 decreased from 1.8 to 1.35 with the same ballistic performance. Contrary to the results of the soft armors, composite armors made of high modulus PEN woven fabric showed a 17% lower ballistic resistance compared to the composite armor made of low modulus PEN woven fabric. The results of ballistic tests indicated that high tenacity PEN fibers produced in this research could have potential in soft and composite armors, and high velocity impact applications or improve performance of PEN in its current applications. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Governments' path selection of promoting rural information development - from the perspective of social capital theory. (2010)

In introduction of the connoted meaning of rural information and its important role in the development of modern agriculture in our country and the development of urban and rural areas, the paper analyzes the difficulties in information construction: the first is the inadequate attendance of farmers, the low efficiency of information platform use; the second is the backward construction of information sources, which cannot meet the practical needs of information by farmers; the third is the bad situation of information exchanging. From perspective of social capital, it discusses the roles social capital factors playing in the rural information construction, among which, the information relations between farmers and information is the basis; net attendance is the necessary condition of sustainable development of rural information construction; customs afford management resources in rural information construction. Based on the above materials, the paper put forward that it is the government who must accelerate the construction of rural information: the first is planting technical net in rural credit systems, accelerating the admission and supporting of farmers to information construction; the second is to strengthen the exchanging abilities among information platforms, upgrading the attendance degrees of farmers in rural information construction; the third is to introduce and make use of the management power of rural customs to complete an information management norm.
Smoke simulation for large scale phenomena (2003)

In this paper, we present an efficient method for simulating highly detailed large scale participating media such as the nuclear explosions shown in figure 1. We capture this phenomena by simulating the motion of particles in a fluid dynamics generated velocity field. A novel aspect of this paper is the creation of highly detailed three-dimensional turbulent velocity fields at interactive rates using a low to moderate amount of memory. The key idea is the combination of two-dimensional high resolution physically based flow fields with a moderate sized three-dimensional Kolmogorov velocity field tiled periodically in space.
Spectroscopic thermoacoustic imaging of water and fat composition (2012)

During clinical studies, thermoacoustic imaging (TAI) failed to reliably identify malignant breast tissue. To increase detection capability, we propose spectroscopic TAI to differentiate samples based on the slope of their dielectric absorption. Phantoms composed of different ratios of water and fat were imaged using excitation frequencies between 2.7 and 3.1 GHz. The frequency-dependent slope of the TA signal was highly correlated with that of its absorption coefficient (R2 = 0.98 and p &lt; 0.01), indicating spectroscopic TAI can distinguish materials based on their intrinsic dielectric properties. This approach potentially enhances cancer detection due to the increased water content of many tumors.
Short-wavelength diffracted surface pressures on a rigid prolate spheroid (1977)

This paper will describe measurements of sound pressures on the surface of a prolate spheroid whose length-to-diameter ratio is 6:9. The sound source was positioned a distance from the illuminated pole equal to the length of the body; irradiation was axisymmetric. Data at surface locations along the axis of the body was collected for acoustic wavelengths λ ranging from 1/150 to 1/38 of the interfocal distance d. A condenser microphone equipped with a long probe tube was used to avoid extraneous scattering from the sensor. Sound pressure levels, expressed relative to those measured on the illuminated pole, showed the existence of expected creeping-wave interference patterns near the antipode and an illuminated spot on the pole. The measured levels on that pole are shown to decrease roughly as the reciprocal of frequency; they are 13 dB less than those at the illuminated pole for d/λ=38. In the shadow zone the measurements are shown to be well approximated by Keller’s geometric theory of diffraction. Deviations from the theory on the order of 3 dB are observed at high frequencies and at coordinates off the antipole.
NMDA Receptors and Learning and Memory Processes (2001)

In the first part of this review studies are considered in which pre- or post-training peripheral or intracerebroventricular administrations of competitive or noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists were carried out in a variety of animal species tested in different experimental conditions, in order to investigate the effects of these drugs on acquisition and memory processes. In particular, post-training treatments, which are known to affect memory consolidation, ruling out the possible "aspecific effects" linked to the pre-training administrations, show that the NMDA receptor antagonists impair memory in animals tested in various tasks. Memory impairments are also evident when the NMDA antagonists (in particular AP5) are injected into different brain structures, including amygdala and hippocampus. In a second part of this review some recent studies are considered showing the existence of: a) cholinergic-glutamatergic interactions; b) interactions between NMDA receptors and opioid system, and c) interactions between NMDA receptor antagonists (MK-801) and cocaine, in the modulation of memory processes of laboratory animals. The results of some studies showing the involvement of glutamatergic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease are finally reported, and the therapeutic efficacy of glutamatergic drugs in the treatment of this disease is considered.
Response of neurons to an irreversible inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase: relationship between global protein synthesis and expression and translation of individual genes (2001)

In the physiological state, there appears to be a regulatory link between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ homoeostasis and the initiation of neuronal protein synthesis. Exposing neuronal cell cultures to thapsigargin (Tg), an irreversible inhibitor of sarcoplasmic/ER Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), induced an almost complete suppression of protein synthesis, which recovered to approx. 60% of control 24h after Tg exposure. This is an experimental model where the regulatory link between the initiation of protein synthesis and ER Ca2+ homoeostasis recovers, despite an irreversible suppression of SERCA activity [Doutheil, Treiman, Oschlies and Paschen (1999) Cell Calcium 25, 419–428]. The model was used to investigate the relationship between transcription and translation of various stress genes that respond to conditions causing graded suppression of protein synthesis. Expression patterns revealed three groups of genes. The mRNA levels of genes responding to conditions of ER stress (grp78, grp94, gadd34 and gadd153) were increased up to 200-fold after Tg exposure, whereas those coding for ER-resident proteins (SERCA 2b and Bcl-2) were increased up to 6-fold in treated cultures, and those coding for cytoplasmic proteins (heat-shock protein 70 and p67) were increased only 2–4-fold. Analysis of translation of these mRNAs suggests an imbalance in the synthesis of apoptosis-inducing (GADD153) and tolerance-activating (GRP78 and Bcl-2) proteins after blocking of the ER Ca2+ pump. The observation that the relationship between Tg-induced changes in mRNA and protein levels varied considerably for the various genes studied implies that translation of the respective transcripts is differently regulated under conditions causing graded suppression of global protein synthesis. Detailed analysis of the response of neuronal cells to transient disturbance of ER Ca2+ homoeostasis may help to elucidate the mechanisms underlying neuronal cell injury in those neurological disorders in which an impairment of ER function is thought to contribute to the pathological process of deterioration.
Realtime capture and streaming of gameplay experiences (2007)

Today's games are social on a level that could only be imagined before. With modern games putting a stronger emphasis on social networking than ever before, the identity in the game often becomes on par with the one in real life. Yet many games lack the really strong networking tools, especially when networking regarding players of different games is concerned.Geelix is a project which tries to enhance the social gaming aspect by providing sharing of what has been aptly named: gaming experiences. The motivation for this goal is to enable stronger support for letting friends take part in your online, or even offline, experiences. It is the belief that sharing gaming experiences is a key element in building strong social networks in games. This master thesis was written in relation to the Geelix project, where the focus was on enhancing the Geelix live sharing experience with advanced methods for video compression and streaming.
Cell replacement therapy is the remedial solution for treating Parkinson’s disease (2017)

The selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) has made an idol target for cell replacement therapies and other emerging surgical treatments. Certainly, by transplantation method, the therapeutic regimens such as human fetal ventral midbrain (hfVM) cells, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), human neural stem/precursor/ progenitor cells (hNSCs/hNPCs), human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), human induced neural stem cells (hiNSCs), and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been used into DA deficient striatum. In recent decades, surgical methods such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) and gene therapies have been used with the aim of treating PD. Though the technology has improved and many treating options arise, the permanent source for curing PD has not been identified yet. In this review, we examine how stem cell therapies have made advancement as a therapeutic source for PD when compared with surgical treatments.