gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Striatal encephalitis after varicella zoster infection complicated by Tourettism (2003)

We describe a case of encephalitis after primary varicella zoster infection with localised basal ganglia imaging abnormalities. The patient subsequently developed a chronic tic disorder with attention deficit disorder. This case furthers the proposed association between Tourettism and the basal ganglia.
Speaker height estimation from speech: Fusing spectral regression and statistical acoustic models (2015)

Estimating speaker height can assist in voice forensic analysis and provide additional side knowledge to benefit automatic speaker identification or acoustic model selection for automatic speech recognition. In this study, a statistical approach to height estimation that incorporates acoustic models within a non-uniform height bin width Gaussian mixture model structure as well as a formant analysis approach that employs linear regression on selected phones are presented. The accuracy and trade-offs of these systems are explored by examining the consistency of the results, location, and causes of error as well a combined fusion of the two systems using data from the TIMIT corpus. Open set testing is also presented using the Multi-session Audio Research Project corpus and publicly available YouTube audio to examine the effect of channel mismatch between training and testing data and provide a realistic open domain testing scenario. The proposed algorithms achieve a highly competitive performance to previously published literature. Although the different data partitioning in the literature and this study may prevent performance comparisons in absolute terms, the mean average error of 4.89 cm for males and 4.55 cm for females provided by the proposed algorithm on TIMIT utterances containing selected phones suggest a considerable estimation error decrease compared to past efforts.
A specific radioimmunoassay for insulin-like growth factor II: the interference of IGF binding proteins can be blocked by excess IGF-I (1988)

A specific antiserum for human IGF-II has been produced by immunizing rabbits against the synthetic peptide IGF-II(33-40). With this antiserum and IGF-II as tracer a radioimmunoassay for IGF-II has been developed. Cross-reactivity with IGF-I was 0.05% and half-maximal displacement occurred at 2.5 micrograms IGF-II per 1. It was demonstrated that residual IGF-binding protein (IGF-BP) in acid-ethanol extracts interferes with IGF-II measurements and may produce erroneously high values. This interference could be completely blocked by excess IGF-I (25 ng per tube). Utilizing this method IGF-II was measured in subjects at various developmental stages. In newborns, the mean serum level was 237 micrograms/l (N = 56) with a range of 132-430 micrograms/l (5- and 95-percentile, respectively). During the first year of life a considerable increase occurred. Thereafter IGF-II increased only slightly with age from 520 micrograms/l (range 368-735) to 647 micrograms/l (range 507-823) in adults. In patients with growth hormone deficiency (N = 57) IGF-II levels were significantly (P less than 0.001) lower than in controls (mean 261 micrograms/l, range 126-542). It is concluded 1) that residual IGF-binding proteins in acid-ethanol extracts may cause considerable error in IGF-II measurements, and 2) that this interference can be completely blocked by excess IGF-I, if highly specific antisera are used.
THE ULTRAVIOLET AND INFRARED SPECTRA OF VICINAL-TRIAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1958)

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Serological evaluation of O fever in humans: enhanced phase I titers of immunoglobulins G and A are diagnostic for Q fever endocarditis (1983)

Serological parameters were compared in 15 cases of Coxiella burnetii infection comprising 5 cases each of primary Q fever, chronic granulomatous hepatitis, and endocarditis. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical history and serology and on the isolation of C. burnetii phase I from biopsy specimens of liver and bone marrow from two patients with granulomatous hepatitis and from the aortic valve vegetations of five patients with endocarditis. The temporal sequences of immunoglobulin levels, rheumatoid factor, and specific antibody responses to phase II and phase I antigens of C. burnetii were evaluated as predictive correlates of the three Q fever entities. Serum levels of immunoglobulin classes G, M, and A were variable in all the entities of Q fever. Increased mean levels (in milligrams per deciliter) of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA were noted with chronic disease in the sera of some patients, whereas IgM levels were not significantly different from normal values. Rheumatoid factor was significantly elevated in chronic disease but not in primary Q fever. The temporal sequence of C. burnetii phase II and phase I antibodies were compared by microagglutination, complement fixation, and indirect microimmunofluorescence tests. All of these serological tests were useful in distinguishing primary from chronic disease. Thus, the ratio of anti-phase II to anti-phase I antibodies was greater than 1, greater than or equal to 1, and less than or equal to 1 for primary Q fever, granulomatous hepatitis, and Q fever endocarditis, respectively. Moreover, the high phase-specific IgA antibody titers in the indirect microimmunofluorescence test were diagnostic for endocarditis.
A Global, 0.05-Degree Product of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence Derived from OCO-2, MODIS, and Reanalysis Data (2019)

Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) brings major advancements in measuring terrestrial photosynthesis. Several recent studies have evaluated the potential of SIF retrievals from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) in estimating gross primary productivity (GPP) based on GPP data from eddy covariance (EC) flux towers. However, the spatially and temporally sparse nature of OCO-2 data makes it challenging to use these data for many applications from the ecosystem to the global scale. Here, we developed a new global ‘OCO-2’ SIF data set (GOSIF) with high spatial and temporal resolutions (i.e., 0.05°, 8-day) over the period 2000–2017 based on a data-driven approach. The predictive SIF model was developed based on discrete OCO-2 SIF soundings, remote sensing data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and meteorological reanalysis data. Our model performed well in estimating SIF (R2 = 0.79, root mean squared error (RMSE) = 0.07 W m−2 μm−1 sr−1). The model was then used to estimate SIF for each 0.05° × 0.05° grid cell and each 8-day interval for the study period. The resulting GOSIF product has reasonable seasonal cycles, and captures the similar seasonality as both the coarse-resolution OCO-2 SIF (1°), directly aggregated from the discrete OCO-2 soundings, and tower-based GPP. Our SIF estimates are highly correlated with GPP from 91 EC flux sites (R2 = 0.73, p < 0.001). They capture the expected spatial and temporal patterns and also have remarkable ability to highlight the crop areas with the highest daily productivity across the globe. Our product also allows us to examine the long-term trends in SIF globally. Compared with the coarse-resolution SIF that was directly aggregated from OCO-2 soundings, GOSIF has finer spatial resolution, globally continuous coverage, and a much longer record. Our GOSIF product is valuable for assessing terrestrial photosynthesis and ecosystem function, and benchmarking terrestrial biosphere and Earth system models.
Beam shaping unit for micromachining (2013)

Uniform irradiance distribution of laser spot is highly advisable in various micromachining techniques like scribing, PCB and Through-Silicon Via (TSV) drilling, repair techniques in display making technologies. Scanning over whole working field with using popular 2- and 3-axis galvo mirror scanners is another important part of microprocessing systems. Therefore, combining of beam shaping optics, converting Gaussian to flattop (uniform) laser beam profile, with scanning optical heads is an insistent technical task. To provide flattop irradiance profile it is suggested to apply field mapping refractive beam shaping optics πShaper being characterized by some important features: low output divergence, high transmittance, extended depth of field, capability to work with TEM00 and multimode lasers, as result providing a freedom in building various optical systems. De-magnifying of flattop laser beam can be realized with using imaging technique; the imaging optical system to be composed from F-theta lens of scanning head and additional collimating system to be used right after a πShaper. One of the problems in this approach is implementation of compact design of the collimating part. As a solution it is suggested to apply a specially designed Beam Shaping Unit (BSU) to be installed between a laser and a scanning head and providing: conversion from Gaussian to flattop laser beam irradiance profile, compact collimator design, and functions of laser beam adjustment and adaptation to a laser and a scanning head used in particular equipment. There will be considered design features of refractive beam shapers πShaper and BSU, examples of optical layouts to generate flattop laser spots, which sizes span from several tens of microns to millimetres. Examples of real implementations and results of material processing will be presented as well.
Early detection of sudden cardiac death using Poincaré plots and recurrence plot-based features from HRV signals (2017)

In this paper we present a method to predict sudden cardiac death (SCD) based on the heart rate variability (HRV) signal and recurrence plots and Poincaré plot-extracted features. This work is a challenge since it is aimed to devise a method to predict SCD 5 min before its onset. The method consists of four steps: preprocessing, feature extraction, feature reduction, and classification. In the first step, the QRS complexes are detected from the electrocardiogram signal and then the HRV signal is extracted. In the second step, the recurrence plot of the HRV signal and Poincaré plot-extracted features are obtained. Four features from the recurrence plot and three features from the Poincaré plot are extracted. The features are recurrence rate, determinism, entropy and averaged diagonal line length, and SD1, SD2, and SD1/SD2. In the next step, these features are reduced to one feature by the linear discriminant analysis technique. Finally, K-nearest neighbor and support vector machine-based classifiers are used to classify the HRV signals. We use two databases, the MIT/BIH Sudden Cardiac Death Database and PhysioBank Normal Sinus Rhythm Database. We manage to predict SCD occurrence 5 min before the SCD with accuracy of over 92%.
Advanced channelization for RF, microwave, and millimeterwave applications (1991)

An overview of the channelization function, the parallel signal processing techniques used in channelizers, the signal processing functions, and the critical channelizer parameters is given. Signal processing capabilities that use analog techniques suitable for channelized receivers are compared with those capabilities that can be obtained by using current or foreseen digital techniques. The receiver signal-processing needs are outlined, and the limitations of digital signal processing in terms of the overall receiver signal processing needs are discussed. Options and tradeoffs at the receiver and channelizer technology levels are discussed. Promising channelizer technologies, including components, that have been or potentially may be implemented with small volumes and moderate dynamic range are described. Parallel signal-processing methods, architectural techniques, and hardware for channelized receiver technologies that can be implemented in a small volume (tens of channels per in/sup 3/) with a moderately high dynamic range (>50 dB) are discussed. These include the surface-acoustic-wave (SAW), bulk-acoustic-wave (BAW), magnetostatic-wave (MSW), and acoustooptical (AO) channelizer technologies. The critical signal preprocessing functions required in channelized receivers before the needed information is passed on to the host computer, so that the host computer can be operated at a possible computation rate, are discussed, and the first successful monolithic integrated circuit preprocessor component for channelizers, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High-intensity double-pulse X-ray free-electron laser (2015)

The X-ray free-electron laser has opened a new era for photon science, improving the X-ray brightness by ten orders of magnitude over previously available sources. Similar to an optical laser, the spectral and temporal structure of the radiation pulses can be tailored to the specific needs of many experiments by accurately manipulating the lasing medium, that is, the electron beam. Here we report the generation of mJ-level two-colour hard X-ray pulses of few femtoseconds duration with an XFEL driven by twin electron bunches at the Linac Coherent Light Source. This performance represents an improvement of over an order of magnitude in peak power over state-of-the-art two-colour XFELs. The unprecedented intensity and temporal coherence of this new two-colour X-ray free-electron laser enable an entirely new set of scientific applications, ranging from X-ray pump/X-ray probe experiments to the imaging of complex biological samples with multiple wavelength anomalous dispersion.
Effects of Dinitrophenol on an Experimental Sarcoma of the White Rat. (1933)

Recent studies of the effect of dinitrophenol on metabolism have prompted us to study its effect upon tumor growth. Since it is known that the metabolism of the cell of malignant neoplasms is more active than that of the normal cell, we were curious to learn whether or not dinitrophenol administered either by injection or mixed with the food would demonstrably affect the activity of the neoplastic cell. The tumor material utilized in this study is a fibrosarcoma which kills white rats in from 30 to 60 days. It was derived from a transplantable fibroma by intensive inbreeding. The fibroma, in turn, is a derivative from the mammary adenofibroma of the white rat. The sarcoma is non-metastatic but recurs locally for indefinite periods. It otherwise behaves like a malignant tumor of connective tissue origin. Thirty white rats varying in age from 84 to 110 days were divided into 6 equal groups and implanted with a sarcoma from the same donor. Two groups were left untreated for controls. Two groups were injected twice daily, with 15 mg. per kg. body weight of alpha-dinitrophenol, the dose being increased when necessary to produce a maximum temperature rise of 2°C. One of these 2 groups was injected from the time of implantation and the other 14 days after the implant was made, or 2 days after active growth was apparent. One group was injected with 1% sodium bicarbonate, the solvent used in making the solution of dinitrophenol, and one group was fed stock diet to which had been added dinitrophenol in the concentration of 1:1000 (daily dose of dinitrophenol ingested about 43 mg. per kg.). The period of observation was between 3 and 4 weeks. The following results were obtained: Gross Changes. As was to be expected, the average gain of body weight of all dinitrophenol-treated animals was retarded. The tumors of animals fed dinitrophenol grew with about the same speed as those of the controls. Animals injected with dinitrophenol from the time of implantation showed a slight retardation of growth of the tumor when compared to tumors in animals injected after the implant had begun to grow actively. On gross examination, neither group showed any remarkable changes not observed in the controls or animals injected with sodium bicarbonate. Conclusions. Dinitrophenol did not affect maeroscopically the growth of an experimental sarcoma in rats, but microscopically there were evidences of increased vascularity and destructive cellular changes, whose significance remains undetermined.
Modeling Practical Performance Limits of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Based on the Current State of Materials Research (2014)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting is a means to store solar energy in the form of hydrogen. Knowledge of practical limits for this process can help researchers assess their technology and guide future directions. We develop a model to quantify loss mechanisms in PEC water splitting based on the current state of materials research and calculate maximum solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiencies along with associated optimal absorber band gaps. Various absorber configurations are modeled considering the major loss mechanisms in PEC devices. Quantitative sensitivity analyses for each loss mechanism and each absorber configuration show a profound impact of both on the resulting STH efficiencies, which can reach upwards of 25 % for the highest performance materials in a dual stacked configuration. Higher efficiencies could be reached as improved materials are developed. The results of the modeling also identify and quantify approaches that can improve system performance when working with imperfect materials.
Inorganic chemistry highlights (2002)

Molten Zintl Alloys (W. van der Logt & P. Verkerk). Structure and Bonding Around the Zintl Border (G. Miller, et al.). Structure Prediction and Determination of Crystalline Compounds (J. Schon & M. Jansen). Multivalent Cation Conductors (G. Adachi & N. Imanaka). The Potential of Pentagonal Building Blocks: From Giant Ring--shaped to Spherical Polyoxometalate Clusters (L. Cronin). Molybdenum Peroxo Complexes as Catalysts in Olefin Epoxidation (W. Thiel). Syntheses of Rare Earth Organometallics, Organoamides, and Aryloxides (G. Deacon & C. Forsyth). Enzyme Structures: Active Site Structural and Functional Aspects of Purple Acid Phosphatase and Catechol Oxidase (A. Rompel, et al.). Aminotroponiminates as Ligands for Group 3 and Lanthanide Complexes -- Coordination Chemistry and Catalysis (P. Roesky). Metalla--calix[4]arenes: How they Assist the Transformations of Hydrocarbons into Metalla--alkylidenes, of Dinitrogen into Metalla--nitrides, and of Carbon Monoxide into Metalla--carbides (C. Floriani). Metal Carbonyl Cations and Their Derivatives -- A New Class of Superelectrophiles (H. Willner & F. Aubke). Borylene Complexes (H. Braunschweig). Silaboranes (L. Wesemann). Carbaalanes -- A New Class of Compounds Containing Clusters of Aluminium and Carbon Atoms (W. Uhl). Molecular Aluminium and Gallium Subhalides (H. Scnockel & C. Klemp). Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Covalent Main Group Azides (W. Fraenk & T. Klapotke). Silacalix--[n]phosphinines: sp2--Phosphorus Equivalents of CO Matricess (N. Mezailles, et al.). Using Dinitrogen as a Raw Material: Is there a Future? (S. Gambarotta). Organoxenon Compounds (W. Tyrra & D. Naumann). Index.
Fabrication of a vibration-driven electromagnetic energy harvester with integrated NdFeB/Ta multilayered micro-magnets (2011)

This paper describes the fabrication of MEMS-based electromagnetic energy harvesters for scavenging energy from the ambient vibration. The novel energy harvester is fabricated by bonding a vibrator with embedded micro-magnets and a stator with integrated microcoils. The micro-magnets are formed by using sputtering deposition of NdFeB/Ta multilayered magnetic films with a thickness of 10 µm and silicon molding techniques. High-aspect-ratio silicon micro-springs are fabricated using deep reactive ion etching to achieve large vibration amplitude. The microcoils fabricated by electroplating processes are serially connected for multiplication of the output voltages from individual magnet-coil units. The energy harvester is successfully fabricated and wire-bonded for characterization. The maximum voltage output of the energy harvester at 115 Hz is approximately 2 mV, which corresponds to a power density of 1.2 nW cm−3. The performance of the energy harvester could be greatly improved by protecting the micro-magnets from oxidation and decreasing the spacing between the vibrator layer and the stator layer.
Artificial neural networks for gesture classification with inertial motion sensing armbands (2016)

Applications of gesture classification and recognition are ubiquitous, from automatic interpretations of sign languages for hearing impaired individuals to real-time communications, commands, and controls of machines in human computer interactions. The desire for maximally natural user experience and interactive user interface of these systems are generally accomplished by computationally expensive image processing techniques or time-based multi-stage action models. Wearable electronics embedded with advanced sensors are emerging alternatives. Their predefined gestural data, however, is quite limited and inaccurate. Improving upon both, we adopt a casually comfortable armband, utilizing its raw nine-axis inertial motion signals, and applying feedforward neural networks with backpropagation. Discriminatory features were effectively discovered in the frequency domain, employing Daubechies wavelet transforms. Evaluated on hand signals for construction workers, we achieved over 88% accuracy.
More robust model built using SEM calibration (2007)

More robust Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) model is highly required with integrated circuits' CD (Critical Dimension) being smaller. Generally a lot of wafer data of line-end features need to be collected for modeling. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images are sources that include vast 2D information. Adding SEM images calibration into current model flow will be preferred. This paper presents a method using Mentor Graphics' Calibre SEMcal and ContourCal to integrated SEM calibration into model flow. Firstly simulated contour is generated and aligned with SEM image automatically. Secondly contour is edited by fixing the gap etc. CD measurement spots are applied also to get a more accurate contour. Lastly the final contour is extracted and inputted to the model flow. EPE will be calculated from SEM image contour. Thus a more stable and robust OPC model is generated. SEM calibration can accommodate structures such as asymmetrical CDs, line end pullbacks and corner rounding etc and save a lot of time on measuring line end wafer CD.
Correction: Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Activating HIF-1α Acts Synergistically with Erythropoietin to Promote Tissue Plasticity (2010)

Stroke and peripheral limb ischemia are serious clinical problems with poor prognosis and limited treatment. The cytokines erythropoietin (EPO) and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) have been used to induce endogenous cell repair and angiogenesis. Here, we demonstrated that the combination therapy of EPO and G-CSF exerted synergistic effects on cell survival and functional recovery from cerebral and peripheral limbs ischemia. We observed that even under normoxic conditions, G-CSF activates hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1a), which then binds to the EPO promoter and enhances EPO expression. Serum EPO level was significantly increased by G-CSF injection, with the exception of Tg-HIF-1a +f/+f mice. The neuroplastic mechanisms exerted by EPO combined with G-CSF included enhanced expression of the antiapoptotic protein of Bcl-2, augmented neurotrophic factors synthesis, and promoted neovascularization. Further, the combination therapy significantly increased homing and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) and intrinsic neural progenitor cells (INPCs) into the ischemic area. In summary, EPO in combination with G-CSF synergistically enhanced angiogenesis and tissue plasticity in ischemic animal models, leading to greater functional recovery than either agent alone.