gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remodeling of cellular cytoskeleton by the acid sphingomyelinase/ceramide pathway (2008)

The chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin is widely used in treatment of solid tumors. In breast cancer cells, cisplatin produces early and marked changes in cell morphology and the actin cytoskeleton. These changes manifest as loss of lamellipodia/filopodia and appearance of membrane ruffles. Furthermore, cisplatin induces dephosphorylation of the actin-binding protein ezrin, and its relocation from membrane protrusions to the cytosol. Because cisplatin activates acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase), we investigate here the role of the ASMase/ceramide (Cer) pathway in mediating these morphological changes. We find that cisplatin induces a transient elevation in ASMase activity and its redistribution to the plasma membrane. This translocation is blocked upon overexpression of a dominant-negative (DN) ASMase(S508A) mutant and by a DN PKCdelta. Importantly; knockdown of ASMase protects MCF-7 cells from cisplatin-induced cytoskeletal changes including ezrin dephosphorylation. Reciprocally, exogenous delivery of D-e-C16-Cer, but not dihydro-C16-Cer, recapitulates the morphotropic effects of cisplatin. Collectively, these results highlight a novel tumor suppressor property for Cer and a function for ASMase in cisplatin-induced cytoskeletal remodeling.
IgA1 immune complexes from pediatric patients with IgA nephropathy activate cultured human mesangial cells (2011)

These data indicate that sera of pediatric IgAN patients contain biologically active CIC with Gal-deficient IgA1.
Analytical models for crosstalk excitation and propagation in VLSI circuits (2002)

The authors develop a general methodology to analyze crosstalk effects that are likely to cause errors in deep submicron high-speed circuits. They focus on crosstalk due to capacitive coupling between a pair of lines. Closed form equations are derived that quantify the severity of these effects and describe qualitatively the dependence of these effects on the values of circuit parameters, the rise/fall times of the input transitions, and the skew between the transitions. For noise propagation, they present a new way for predicting the output waveform produced by an inverter due to a nonsquare wave pulse at its input. To expedite the computation of the response of a logic gate to an input pulse, the authors have developed a novel way of modeling such gates by an equivalent inverter. The results of their analysis provide conditions that must be satisfied by a sequence of vectors used for validation of designs as well as post-manufacturing testing of devices in the presence of significant crosstalk. They present data to demonstrate accuracy of their results, including example runs of a test generator that uses these results.
FREE VORTEX RECOVERY OF FLOATING OIL (1971)

ABSTRACT A concept employing a free vortex for use in recovering oil from high seas oil spills is presented. An experimental evaluation program has been completed which demonstrates the feasibility of this concept as well as design limitations. An oil slick will migrate toward the center of the vortex due to the action of the water flow induced by an impeller. At an appropriate speed of rotation, the oil will submerge and accumulate within a central region of the vortex. This pocket will contain a concentrated mass of oil which can readily be removed by conventional pumping. Advantages of this technique include effective operation in high seas and the ability to both collect and concentrate an oil slick in a single operation. Tests were performed with a free vortex oil recovery model having an impeller diameter of one foot. Performance data were obtained both under quiescent water conditions and also under environmental conditions that simulated 10-foot deep water waves, 20-knot winds, and 2-knot currents. Detailed scaling considerations based on the test data indicate that a prototype device, with diameter on the order of 4-feet and larger, would be operable in all typically occurring 10-foot seas. Depending on its size, the prototype will recover in excess of 100 gallons per minute of oil with an oil-to-water ratio greater than 1.2 when operating with a crude oil film of only 0.1 inches in thickness.
Large-area wafer processing for 0.78-/spl mu/m AlGaAs laser diodes (1995)

Large-area wafer processing for buried-ridge loss-guided inner-stripe AlGaAs laser diodes (LD's) has been developed for the first time. High uniformity of ridge waveguides on a 3-in wafer is realized by introducing selective wet etching. The standard deviations of the ridge width and the remaining p-cladding layer thickness on either side of the ridge, which have a great influence on the device characteristics, are 0.07 μm and 0.01 μm, respectively. As a result, good uniformity of laser characteristics has been obtained, for example, the distribution of full width at half maximum angles of far-field pattern in the direction parallel to the junction plane (/spl theta//sub ///) is only 0.22/spl deg/ (1/spl sigma/) for 1000 chips across a 3-in wafer.
Use of PCR-enzyme immunoassay for identification of influenza A virus matrix RNA in clinical samples negative for cultivable virus (1994)

Influenza A virus infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Standard diagnostic methods either are not efficient in identifying infected individuals in a timely manner or lack sensitivity. We developed a PCR-enzyme immunoassay (PCR-EIA) for the detection of influenza A virus RNA in respiratory secretions. A reverse transcription PCR was performed with oligonucleotide primers directed at a highly conserved area of the influenza A matrix gene. Amplified DNA was identified by hybridization in solution to a nested biotinylated RNA probe and quantitated in an EIA. PCR-EIA detected small quantities of RNA from the three prevalent subtypes of human influenza A virus. Influenza B and C, parainfluenza, measles, mumps, and respiratory syncytial viruses tested negative. The potential efficiency of PCR-EIA for use in clinical diagnosis was determined by testing 90 nasal wash specimens obtained daily over a 10-day period from nine human volunteers infected with influenza A virus. Thirty-seven of the postinfection samples had detectable influenza A virus RNA by PCR-EIA, whereas only 26 postinfection samples were positive by culture. PCR-EIA was particularly efficient for the identification of influenza A virus in samples obtained more than 4 days after infection. Seventeen of 45 such samples were positive, whereas virus was cultivated from 4 samples (P < 0.00005). All preinfection samples from volunteers subsequently infected with influenza A virus were negative by PCR-EIA, as were samples from a volunteer infected with parainfluenza virus type 3. Nucleic acid amplification techniques represent important tools for the timely and sensitive diagnosis of influenza A virus infections and, therefore, their management and control.
Demonstration of a 3 mW threshold Er-doped random fiber laser based on a unique fiber Bragg grating (2009)

We demonstrate a novel random laser based on a single fiber Bragg grating. A long fiber Bragg grating fabrication technique allows the insertion of a large number of randomly distributed phase errors in the structure of the grating which induces light localization. By writing such a grating in a polarisation maintaining Er-doped fiber, a random laser is demonstrated by pumping the fiber with 976 and 1480 nm pump lasers. The number of emitted modes is observed to be a function of the length of the grating and of the pump power and single-mode operation is shown to be possible. The random fiber laser shows low-threshold (approximately 3 mW) and measured approximately 0.5 pm emission linewidth at a wavelength of around 1534 nm.
Hydroxycitric Acid Tripotassium Inhibits Calcium Oxalate Crystal Formation in the Drosophila Melanogaster Model of Hyperoxaluria (2019)

BACKGROUND Hydroxycitric acid is a potential lithontriptic agent for calcium oxalate (CaOx) stones in the kidneys. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficiency of hydroxycitric acid tripotassium (K-HCA) against CaOx crystal formation using Drosophila melanogaster hyperoxaluria models. MATERIAL AND METHODS Wild-type D. melanogaster were fed standard medium with ethylene glycol or sodium oxalate added to induce hyperoxaluria. Their Malpighian tubules were dissected and observed under a microscope every 3 days. Crystal deposit score of each Malpighian tubule were evaluated under a magnification of ×200. Using hyperoxaluria Drosophila models, we investigated the inhibitory efficiency of hydroxycitrate acid tripotassium and citric acid tripotassium (K-CA) against CaOx crystal formation. The survival rate of each group was also assessed. RESULTS When fed with 0.05% NaOx, the CaOx formation in Malpighian tubules increased significantly, without reduction of life span. Therefore, we selected 0.05% NaOx-induced hyperoxaluria models for the further investigations. After treatment, the stone scores showed that K-CA and K-HCA both significantly inhibit the formation of CaOx crystals in a dose-dependent manner, and with smaller dosage (0.01%), K-HCA was more efficient than K-CA. Moreover, after treatment of K-CA or K-HCA, the life span in different groups did not change, reflecting the safety to life. CONCLUSIONS The hyperoxaluria Drosophila models fed on 0.05% NaOx diet might be a useful tool to screen novel agents for the management of CaOx stones. K-HCA may be a promising agent for the prevention CaOx stones, with satisfying efficiency and acceptable safety.
Improving middle and high school students' comprehension of science texts (2011)

Throughout the United States, many middle and high school students struggle to comprehend science texts for a variety of reasons. Science texts are frequently boring, focused on isolated facts, present too many new concepts at once, and lack the clarity and organization known to improve comprehension. Compounding the problem is that many adolescent readers do not possess effective comprehension strategies, particularly for difficult expository science texts. Some researchers have suggested changing the characteristics of science texts to better assist adolescent readers with understanding, while others have focused on changing the strategies of adolescent readers. In the current paper, we review the literature on selected strategy instruction programs used to improve science text comprehension in middle and high school students and suggest avenues for future research.
Potent Inhibition of Human Cytochrome P450 3A4, 2D6, and 2C9 Isoenzymes by Grapefruit Juice and Its Furocoumarins (2007)

The cytochrome P450 enzyme family is the most abundant and responsible for the metabolism of more than 60% of currently marketed drugs and is considered central in many clinically important drug interactions. Seven different grapefruit and pummelo juices as well as 5 furocoumarins isolated from grapefruit juice were evaluated at different concentration on cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4), cytochrome P450 2C9 (CYP2C9), and cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) isoenzyme activity. Grapefruit and pummelo juices were found to be potent inhibitors of cytochrome CYP3A4 and CYP2C9 isoenzymes at 25% concentration, while CYP2D6 is inhibited significantly low at all the tested concentration of juices (P < 0.05). Among the 5 furocoumarins tested, the inhibitory potency was in the order of paradisin A > dihydroxybergamottin > bergamottin > bergaptol > geranylcoumarin at 0.1 microM to 0.1 mM concentrations. The IC(50) value was lowest for paradisin A for CYP3A4 with 0.11 microM followed by DHB for CYP2C9 with 1.58 microM.
Properties of indium tin oxide films prepared by the electron beam evaporation method in relation to characteristics of indium tin oxide/silicon oxide/silicon junction solar cells (1992)

Indium tin oxide (ITO)/silicon oxide/silicon (Si) junction solar cells were produced by depositing ITO on a thin silicon oxide-covered single-crystal Si substrate using the electron-beam evaporation method. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics strongly depended on the incident angle (θi) of the evaporated ITO vapor to the Si substrate during the ITO deposition, as well as the post-deposition heating temperature (Th) and the kind of the ambient gases during post-deposition heat treatment. The ITO films deposited at θi=0° and treated at Th=380 °C in air formed a high-energy barrier with p-Si, and formed ohmic contact with n-Si. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the ITO films deposited at θi=0° contained metal indium. The amount of the metal indium decreased either by reducing the deposition rate of the ITO film or by raising the substrate temperature during the ITO deposition. The ITO films deposited at θi=45° and treated at Th=350∼450 °C in hydrogen, on the other hand, formed a high-energy barrier with n Si. In this case, no metal indium was observed in the ITO films. It is concluded that the formation of the metal indium in the ITO films changes their work functions, and thus its presence strongly affects the I-V characteristics of the ITO/silicon oxide/Si solar cells. Darkening observed for the ITO films deposited at θi=0° is also attributed to the presence of the metal indium.
Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy for Time-Resolved<i>In Situ</i>Observation of Electrochemical Inclusion of Metallic Clusters within a Conducting Polymer (1986)

Electrochemically synthesized polythiophene is a very promising conducting polymer able to support tiny metallic particles which could be useful in various applications (e.g., conducting leads, catalysis,...). Time-resolved in situ investigation of the process of the inclusion of metallic aggregates has been achieved by dispersive x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The unique capability of this new structural tool comes from the association of the properties of synchrotron radiation with a photodiode array used as a position-sensitive detector.
Rate-constrained picture-adaptive quantization for JPEG baseline coders (1993)

A recursive algorithm is presented for generating quantization tables in JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) baseline coders from the actual statistics of the input image. Starting from a quantization table with large step sizes, corresponding to low bit rate and high distortion, one entry of the quantization table is updated at a time so that, at each step, the ratio of decrease in distortion to increase in bit rate is approximately maximized. This procedure is repeated until a target bit rate is reached. Simulation results demonstrate that, with picture-adaptive quantization tables designed by the proposed algorithm, the JPEG DCT (discrete cosine transform) coder is able to compress images with better rate-distortion performance than that achievable with conventional empirically designed quantization tables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optoelectromechanical Multimodal Biosensor with Graphene Active Region (2014)

A general, overarching theme in nanotechnology is the integration of multiple disparate fields to realize novel or expanded functionalities. Here, we present a graphene enabled, integrated optoelectromechanical device and demonstrate its utility for biomolecular sensing. We experimentally achieve an ultrawide linear dynamic sensing range of 5 orders of magnitude of protein concentration, an improvement over state-of-the-art single mode nanosensors by approximately 2-3 orders of magnitude, while retaining a subpicomolar lowest detection limit. Moreover, the ability to monitor and characterize adsorption events in the full optoelectromechanical space allows for the extraction of key intrinsic parameters of adsorbates and has the potential to extend the capabilities of nanosensors beyond the traditional binary-valued test for a single type of molecule. This could have significant implications for molecular detection applications at variable concentrations, such as early disease detection in biomedical diagnostics.
Effect of supplemental humic and butyric acid on performance and mortality in broilers raised under various environmental conditions (2014)

Evaluating natural compounds as a way of enhancing performance and reducing mortality in broilers is important for the poultry industry. Four experiments, involving 1,668 male Ross 708 broilers, were conducted to determine the effect of humic acid (MFG) and protected butyric acid (PBA) on performance and death loss throughout the starter and grower-finisher periods. Experiments 1 and 2 (conducted in early summer and late summer and fall) had between 4 and 6 treatments with MFG and PBA fed alone or in combination with 10 (0.22 m2/bird) to 12 (0.18 m2/bird) broilers per pen. The combination of MFG and PBA significantly improved performance and livability in experiment 1, but had no effect in experiment 2. Experiments 3 (early summer) and 4 (middle of summer) had 20 broilers per pen (0.11 m2/bird). Treatments for experiments 3 and 4 were (1) control, (2) control + MFG (4 and 2 lb/ton for starter and grower-finisher, respectively), (3) control + MFG (4 and 2 lb/ton) + PBA (0.66 and 0.33 lb/ton) for starter and grower-finisher, respectively, and (4) control + MFG (4 and 2 lb/ton) + PBA (1.1 and 0.55 lb/ton). No significant performance differences were observed in experiment 3. In contrast, broilers on treatment 4 in experiment 4 had significant responses in ADG and FCR, along with lower mortalities in extremely hot weather, compared with treatment 1, for the overall (d 0–45) period. Based on these data, especially during heat stress, broilers fed a mixture of MFG and PBA have improved growth and feed efficiency along with lower mortalities.
Bootstrapping named entity recognition with automatically generated gazetteer lists (2006)

Current Named Entity Recognition systems suffer from the lack of hand-tagged data as well as degradation when moving to other domain. This paper explores two aspects: the automatic generation of gazetteer lists from unlabeled data; and the building of a Named Entity Recognition system with labeled and unlabeled data.
Inhibitors of Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) May Treat Neuropathic Pain, Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s Disease, and Other Disorders (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPatent HighlightNEXTInhibitors of Adaptor-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) May Treat Neuropathic Pain, Schizophrenia, Parkinson's Disease, and Other DisordersAhmed F. Abdel-Magid*View Author Information Therachem Research Medilab (India) Pvt. Ltd., Jaipur, India*Address: 1383 Jasper Drive, Ambler, Pennsylvania 19002, United States. Tel: 215-913-7202. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: ACS Med. Chem. Lett. 2017, 8, 6, 595–597Publication Date (Web):May 26, 2017Publication History Received18 May 2017Published online26 May 2017Published inissue 8 June 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00208https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00208editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2874Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (267 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Endocytosis,Nervous system diseases,Neurophysiology,Peptides and proteins,Schizophrenia Get e-Alerts
Migrating Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Polarize Cell Surface Urokinase Receptors after Injury in Vitro (1995)

The localization of proteases to cell surfaces via receptors may facilitate cell migration, invasion, and matrix degradation. Since vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) migration may be an important event in atherosclerosis and in intimal thickening after vascular injury, we studied the cell surface expression of a receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PAR) in cultured human vascular SMC. Using immunofluorescence microscopy, we demonstrated several staining patterns of SMC u-PAR: at the periphery of the cell membrane, at the leading edge, and at cell-cell contact sites. When migration experiments were performed using a wound assay, one-third of the SMC at the wound edge demonstrated polarization of cell surface u-PAR toward the leading edge of the cell membrane (32 +/- 2%, +/- SEM, n = 7). A similar pattern was seen with an antibody to caveolin, a transmembrane protein found in caveolae, but not with an antibody to 5'-nucleotidase, another cell surface glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored protein, which was homogeneously expressed on the cell surface. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein, which mediates internalization of u-PAR bound ligands, was distributed in a diffuse punctate pattern, not polarized to the leading edge. Double immunofluorescent studies demonstrated codistribution of SMC u-PAR with vinculin and caveolin in migrating SMC at the leading edge in a wound assay. Polarization of cell surface u-PAR was not observed in either nonwounded or subconfluent cultures, despite random migratory behavior. These studies suggest that in response to wounding, human vascular SMC polarize and concentrate cell surface u-PAR to their leading edge, perhaps facilitating directional migration.
Content-driven, unsupervised clustering of news articles through multiscale graph partitioning (2018)

The explosion in the amount of news and journalistic content being generated across the globe, coupled with extended and instantaneous access to information through online media, makes it difficult and time-consuming to monitor news developments and opinion formation in real time. There is an increasing need for tools that can pre-process, analyse and classify raw text to extract interpretable content; specifically, identifying topics and content-driven groupings of articles. We present here such a methodology that brings together powerful vector embeddings from Natural Language Processing with tools from Graph Theory that exploit diffusive dynamics on graphs to reveal natural partitions across scales. Our framework uses a recent deep neural network text analysis methodology (Doc2vec) to represent text in vector form and then applies a multi-scale community detection method (Markov Stability) to partition a similarity graph of document vectors. The method allows us to obtain clusters of documents with similar content, at different levels of resolution, in an unsupervised manner. We showcase our approach with the analysis of a corpus of 9,000 news articles published by Vox Media over one year. Our results show consistent groupings of documents according to content without a priori assumptions about the number or type of clusters to be found. The multilevel clustering reveals a quasi-hierarchy of topics and subtopics with increased intelligibility and improved topic coherence as compared to external taxonomy services and standard topic detection methods.