gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic markers of altered gait rhythm in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2000)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a disorder marked by loss of motoneurons. We hypothesized that subjects with ALS would have an altered gait rhythm, with an increase in both the magnitude of the stride-to-stride fluctuations and perturbations in the fluctuation dynamics. To test for this locomotor instability, we quantitatively compared the gait rhythm of subjects with ALS with that of normal controls and with that of subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Huntington's disease (HD), pathologies of the basal ganglia. Subjects walked for 5 min at their usual pace wearing an ankle-worn recorder that enabled determination of the duration of each stride and of stride-to-stride fluctuations. We found that the gait of patients with ALS is less steady and more temporally disorganized compared with that of healthy controls. In addition, advanced ALS, HD, and PD were associated with certain common, as well as apparently distinct, features of altered stride dynamics. Thus stride-to-stride control of gait rhythm is apparently compromised with ALS. Moreover, a matrix of markers based on gait dynamics may be useful in characterizing certain pathologies of motor control and, possibly, in quantitatively monitoring disease progression and evaluating therapeutic interventions.
Insulin-like Growth Factor (IGF) Signaling Requires αvβ3-IGF1-IGF Type 1 Receptor (IGF1R) Ternary Complex Formation in Anchorage Independence, and the Complex Formation Does Not Require IGF1R and Src Activation (2012)

Integrin αvβ3 plays a role in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) signaling (integrin-IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) cross-talk) in non-transformed cells in anchorage-dependent conditions. We reported previously that IGF1 directly binds to αvβ3 and induces αvβ3-IGF1-IGF1R ternary complex formation in these conditions. The integrin-binding defective IGF1 mutant (R36E/R37E) is defective in inducing ternary complex formation and IGF signaling, whereas it still binds to IGF1R. We studied if IGF1 can induce signaling in anchorage-independent conditions in transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells that express αvβ3 (β3-CHO) cells. Here we describe that IGF1 signals were more clearly detectable in anchorage-independent conditions (polyHEMA-coated plates) than in anchorage-dependent conditions. This suggests that IGF signaling is masked by signals from cell-matrix interaction in anchorage-dependent conditions. IGF signaling required αvβ3 expression, and R36E/R37E was defective in inducing signals in polyHEMA-coated plates. These results suggest that αvβ3-IGF1 interaction, not αvβ3-extracellular matrix interaction, is essential for IGF signaling. Inhibitors of IGF1R, Src, AKT, and ERK1/2 did not suppress αvβ3-IGF-IGF1R ternary complex formation, suggesting that activation of these kinases are not required for ternary complex formation. Also, mutations of the β3 cytoplasmic tail (Y747F and Y759F) that block β3 tyrosine phosphorylation did not affect IGF1R phosphorylation or AKT activation. We propose a model in which IGF1 binding to IGF1R induces recruitment of integrin αvβ3 to the IGF-IGF1R complex and then β3 and IGF1R are phosphorylated. It is likely that αvβ3 should be together with the IGF1-IGF1R complex for triggering IGF signaling.
Use of Link-by-Link Flow Control in Maximizing ATM Network Performance: Simulation Results (1993)

Simulations have been performed to verify the effectiveness of using link-by-link flow controlled virtual channels for maximizing ATM network performance. A simulator which accurately reflects the real hardware design of a flow controlled ATM switch is used. The switch is currently under joint development by BNR and Harvard. The simulation results clearly demonstrate that the flow control mechanism is able to provide sufficiently rapid feedback to allow a network to adapt to load changes and maximize its performance. The simulations also show that, when compared to VCs using other traffic management approaches, flow controlled virtual circuits are efficient in terms of buffer usage and in point-to-multipoint multicast implementations. 1 Introduction A set of credit-based flow control schemes for implementing link-by-link flow controlled virtual channels has been proposed, in [5], for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks [1, 3]. These three increasingly memory-efficient credit-ba...
The response induced by intracellular cyclic AMP in isolated olfactory receptor cells of the newt. (1990)

1. Responses induced by intracellular cyclic nucleotides were analysed in isolated olfactory receptor cells of the newt under a voltage-clamp condition by using the patch pipette in a whole-cell recording configuration. Cyclic nucleotides were applied by diffusion from the patch pipette. 2. Introduction of either cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP caused a transient inward current in cells held at -50 mV. The response amplitude was dose-dependent with the Hill coefficient of 3 and half-saturating concentration of 300 microM (concentration in the pipette) for both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Cyclic CMP was less effective than those two nucleotides. 3. The response to intracellular cyclic AMP was seen in all cilia-bearing cells, but not in cells which lost the cilia during dissociation. The response latency was shorter when cyclic AMP was introduced into the ciliated terminal swelling (ca 0.2 s) rather than into the cell body (ca 1.4 s). These results suggest that the sensitivity to intracellular cyclic AMP is confined to the cilia. 4. The cyclic AMP-induced current was transient (half decay time, ca 2.3s) despite the fact that cyclic AMP was continuously loaded from the patch pipette. The response time course was controlled by Ca2+; the reduction of external Ca2+ concentration (replaced with Mg2+) or loading the cell with 50 mM-EGTA prolonged the cyclic AMP-induced responses. The Ca2(+)-induced suppression was reversible. 5. The reversal potential of the cyclic AMP-induced transient current was -4.8 +/- 3.8 mV, and that of the current re-induced by Ca2+ removal was 1.5 +/- 2.1 mV, suggesting that both currents flowed through the same ionic channel. The channel permeates all alkali metal ions with the permeability ratios of PLi:PNa:PK:PRb:PCs = 0.93:1:0.93:0.91:0.72, but not Cl- or choline ions. 6. These results demonstrate that the cyclic AMP-induced response and the odorant-induced response of the isolated olfactory cell have nearly identical characteristics. The present study supports the notion that cyclic AMP is the internal messenger mediating olfactory transduction.
Compact Model of Low-Frequency Noise in Nanoscale Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (2009)

The future of mixed-signal, memory, and microprocessor technologies are dependent on ever increasing analog and digital integration, higher cell densities, and demand for more processing power. However, device variability creates challenges at each technology node which decreases yield, performance, and noise margins [1]. At these device dimensions the low-frequency noise (LFN) is dominated by the influence of one or more active traps capturing and emitting charge in the oxide creating wide variations in noise from otherwise identical devices. Additionally, the random position of dopant atoms near the Si/SiO2 creates potential landscapes that induce regions of high and low conductivity and percolating current. The compact LFN model presented here accounts for the action of traps on percolating current in deep-submicron and sub-100nm MOS transistors.
Activation of protein kinase C modulates the adenylate cyclase effector system of B-lymphocytes (1989)

Antibodies to surface immunoglobulins activate inositol phospholipid hydrolysis in B-lymphocytes, but very little is known concerning their effects on cAMP levels. In other cells, products from the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate can increase and/or potentiate cAMP accumulation. In this study we have examined whether goat anti-mouse IgM (mu-chain-specific) stimulates and/or potentiates increases in the cAMP levels of splenocytes from athymic nude mice. Goat anti-mouse IgM, by itself, stimulated a 60% increase in cAMP within 2 min. Pretreating the cell suspensions at 37 degrees C with anti-IgM produced opposite effects on the forskolin- and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-induced increase in cAMP. Anti-IgM (25 micrograms/ml) potentiated the rise in cAMP induced by 100 microM forskolin 76%, but it decreased the response to 50 nM PGE1 by 30%. Direct activation of protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate and/or sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol resulted in a similar pattern of responses. A 3-min preincubation with 97 nM 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate potentiated the forskolin-induced response from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 4.3 +/- 0.6 pmol of cAMP/10(6) cells but reduced the PGE1 response from 0.98 +/- 0.06 to 0.51 +/- 0.03 pmol of cAMP/10(6) cells. Similarly, preincubating the cells for 3 min with 5 microM sn-1,2-dioctanoylglycerol increased the forskolin response from 1.7 +/- 0.1 to 5.1 +/- 0.2 pmol of cAMP/10(6) cells but reduced the response to PGE1 from 1.15 +/- 0.03 to 0.75 +/- 0.04 pmol of cAMP/10(6) cells. Thus, activation of protein kinase C by hydrolysis products of inositol phospholipids, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, or exogenous diacylglycerols modified adenylate cyclase itself and sites upstream of adenylate cyclase such as the receptor or G proteins coupling the receptor to the cyclase. Furthermore, modification of the PGE1 response by anti-IgM provides a mechanism by which antigen can differentially regulate T- and B-cells responding to macrophage-produced prostaglandins during an immune response.
FAB-MAP + RatSLAM: Appearance-based SLAM for multiple times of day (2010)

Appearance-based mapping and localisation is especially challenging when separate processes of mapping and localisation occur at different times of day. The problem is exacerbated in the outdoors where continuous change in sun angle can drastically affect the appearance of a scene. We confront this challenge by fusing the probabilistic local feature based data association method of FAB-MAP with the pose cell filtering and experience mapping of RatSLAM. We evaluate the effectiveness of our amalgamation of methods using five datasets captured throughout the day from a single camera driven through a network of suburban streets. We show further results when the streets are re-visited three weeks later, and draw conclusions on the value of the system for lifelong mapping.
Anonymous communication in MANET's, solutions and challenges (2010)

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is designed for small groups of people with same special interests who want to communicate through their available devices like laptops or cell phones to share their ideas easily, quickly, and with minimum requirements. However providing a secure communication platform for this kind of network is a challenge because of the shared wireless medium. In MANET there is no fixed infrastructure like routers in wired network or an access point in managed wireless network to relay packets between nodes. Instead, each node participates in routing by forwarding data for other nodes. MANET has become popular in several application areas, including when a group of soldiers in enemy territory need to communicate through their available devices to receive a command or report their situations. The content of messages can be secured with cryptography, but vital information like nodes' identities and their locations can be revealed by traffic analysis. In most of these applications security is very important however each of them needs a different level of security. In conclusion, in the routing process, using pseudonyms instead of real identities helps to hide real identities. Pseudonyms have to be changed dynamically since traffic analysis uses the same mechanism to analyze real identifiers and pseudonyms. In addition, critical data that reveals information to attacker has to be encrypted. Having too much encryption/decryption is not efficient and creates a big overhead for the nodes that have restricted computing power. To avoid information deduction we need to keep the message size unchanged. Consequently it is better not to add routing information to RREQ message otherwise we have to pad messages to make them the same size, adding extra overheads. The last word is how to break up an anonymous communication. Since the purpose is security and privacy not ambiguous communication, everyone should not be capable of setting up an anonymous MANET.
Quasistatic cloaking of two-dimensional polarizable discrete systems by anomalous resonance (2007)

Discrete systems of infinitely long polarizable line dipoles are considered in the quasistatic limit, interacting with a two-dimensional cloaking system consisting of a hollow plasmonic cylindrical shell. A numerical procedure is described for accurately calculating electromagnetic fields arising in the quasistatic limit, for the case when the relative permittivity of the cloaking shell has a very small imaginary part. Animations are given which illustrate cloaking of discrete systems, both for the case of induced dipoles and induced quadrupoles on the interacting particles. The simulations clarify the physical mechanism for the cloaking.
Managing Innovation Fields in a Cross‐Industry Exploratory Partnership with C–K Design Theory<sup>*</sup> (2010)

For a few decades now, firms have had to innovate in cooperation with other organizations. According to the literature on co‐innovation, a new form of innovation partnership is now emerging: the exploratory partnership. This type of partnership is the most often established in the early stages of the design process and faces high levels of uncertainty and instability. This paper deals with a strategic design tool, OPERA, based on a recent general design theory named C–K theory. That theory models design reasoning by suggesting a fundamental distinction between concepts (propositions about novel objects) and knowledge (propositions about known objects). According to the theory, the interaction and co‐evolution of concepts and knowledge is the main engine through which design progresses. The paper proposes to extend that theory to understand and to act in innovation community context. OPERA enables power holders and design teams to drive innovation projects by providing them with an overview of explored and unexplored concepts and of the activation and production of skills and knowledge. This cartographic system was tested by MINATEC IDEAs Laboratory, a Cross‐Industry Exploratory Partnership, over a 15‐month period. The innovative platform is composed of partners from different sectors (e.g., energy, technology research center, sports, telecommunications) and aims to build innovative projects and to devise new products and services based on micronanotechnologies. Facing such diversities, actors of MINATEC IDEAs Laboratory used OPERA to see how each project is progressing, the contribution of each project to the global exploration process, and the complementarities between the projects. Such representations enable the committee to identify the main value of a project, any knowledge gaps and the synergies between projects. From a collective point of view, OPERA permits to MINATEC IDEAs Laboratory's members to indicate their favorite concepts and knowledge areas and to estimate converging and diverging interests.
YAP multi-crystal gamma camera prototype (1995)

The Anger camera principle has shown a practical limit of a few millimeters spatial resolution. To overcome this limit, a new gamma camera prototype has been developed, based on a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PSPMT) coupled with a new scintillation crystal. The Hamamatsu R2486 PSPMT is a 76-mm diameter photomultiplier tube in which the electrons produced in the conventional bi-alkali photocathode are multiplied by proximity mesh dynodes and form a charge cloud around the original coordinates of the light photon striking the photocathode. A crossed wire anode array collects the charge and detects the original position. The intrinsic spatial resolution of PSPMT is better than 0.3 mm. The scintillation crystal consists of yttrium aluminum perovskit (YAP:Ce or YAlO/sub 3/:Ce). This crystal has a light efficiency of about 38% relative to NaI, no hygroscopicity and a good gamma radiation absorption. To match the characteristics of the PSPMT, a special crystal assembly was produced by the Preciosa Company, consisting of a bundle of YAP:Ce pillars where single crystals have 0.6/spl times/0.6 mm/sup 2/ cross section and 3 mm to 18 mm length. Preliminary results from such gamma camera prototypes show spatial resolution values ranging between 0.7 mm and 1 mm with an intrinsic detection efficiency of 37/spl divide/65% for 140 keV gamma energy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CO-Protégé: A Groupware Tool for Supporting Collaborative Ontology Design with Divergence (2005)

CO-Protégé is a set of plugins that extends Protégé-2000 in order to support a collaborative developing of an ontology. In Co-Protégé people do not make a direct edition of the shared ontology, but also they change it through the publication of ontological artifact. Co-Protégé users manage simultaneously two ontologies the private ontology and the shared one. Private ontology
Effect of Salt on the Mechanism of Adsorption of Aromatics on Activated Carbon (1999)

The effect of KCl on the adsorption of phenol, toluene, and benzene on activated carbon, with different degrees of surface oxygenation, was investigated. Different trends of salt effect were observed for each compound. The observed KCl effects were interpreted on the basis of electrical charge neutralization on the carbon surface and the adsorbate molecules, water adsorption, and the “salt out” effect. In particular, water adsorption was found to be crucial in reducing the adsorption capacity of the activated carbon. The influence of water adsorption was more pronounced on carbon surfaces with higher amounts of oxygen-containing groups. This was additionally confirmed by measurements using flow microcalorimetry.
New media transport technologies in Super Hi-Vision broadcasting systems (2013)

This paper presents an overview of a broadcasting system under development for Super Hi-Vision that employs MPEG Media Transport (MMT) as its media transport method for hybrid delivery. Hybrid delivery, which uses broadcasting and broadband networks at the same time, enables end users to use content more effectively, and it is easily realized with MMT. In the system, coded UHDTV components and multi-channel audio components are packetized into MMT packets on IP packets. Data other than audio-visual content is packetized into IP packets with a file-delivery protocol separately from MMT. The constructed IP packets are multiplexed over broadcasting channels with the Type-Length-Value (TLV) multiplexing scheme that enables efficient transport of IP packets. We have developed a prototype system in which the IP packets are delivered to the receiving terminal through either a broadcast modulator and demodulator, or a network emulator. We experimented with the prototype system to verify the basic functions of hybrid delivery.
Reading Comprehension, What We Know: A Review of Research 1995 to 2011 (2012)

This review of research concerning reading comprehension provides incites into what has been learned from 1995 to the present. Reading comprehension is defined as a complex activity that involves several variables. Reading strategies are discussed and how they relate to reading comprehension. Testing is another concern regarding how reading comprehension is measured and research that addresses this concern is reviewed. Suggests related to how reading comprehension can be improved are presented.
Archises -middleware architecture for service creation in wireless sensor networks (2006)

Middleware for service creation in wireless sensor networks requires new architectures because of the tiny size of wireless sensors. This article preconizes a new service creation architecture named Archises (architecture of intelligent services for sensor networks). Archises supports mechanisms for self-organization, networking and energy optimization to build higher-level service structures in wireless sensor networks.
Reducing Renal Uptake of Radiolabeled Peptides Using Albumin Fragments (2008)

Renal uptake of (111)In-octreotide and other radiolabeled peptides in rats can be effectively reduced by administration of albumin fragments. Additional studies to identify the albumin fragments responsible for inhibition of renal peptide uptake are warranted.
Regulatory Highlights (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVRegulatory Highlight...Regulatory HighlightsNEXTRegulatory HighlightsAndrew Teasdale*View Author Information AstraZeneca, Macclesfield SK10 2NA, United Kingdom*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Org. Process Res. Dev. 2014, 18, 10, 1164–1168Publication Date (Web):October 8, 2014Publication History Published online8 October 2014Published inissue 17 October 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/op5002963https://doi.org/10.1021/op5002963newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views948Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Impurities,Industrial manufacturing,Materials,Pharmaceuticals,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
Yield improvement for a 3.5-ns BiCMOS technology in a 200-mm manufacturing line (2002)

Various issues pertinent to producing high volumes of a high-end BiCMOS technology in a 200-mm manufacturing line are described. The technology consists of a baseline 0.8- mu m CMOS process with four levels of metal and 0.45- mu m L/sub eff/ FETs, to which has been added a boron-implanted precision resistor, a 14-GHz vertical NPN with As-doped polysilicon, and an antimony-doped subcollector. Chips fabricated in the technology include a 3.5-ns 576 K BiCMOS SRAM and a 200 K BiCMOS gate array with a 180-ps gate delay. Yield detractors unique to the integration of the BiCMOS elements are discussed and solutions presented. In particular, collector-emitter shorts, a spurious polysilicon filament, management of the critical emitter window image, and modulation of the titanium silicide/silicon interfacial resistance are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>