gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Porcine and Recombinant Human Collagen Matrices for Optically Clear Tissue Engineering Applications (2006)

Porcine and recombinant human atelocollagen I solutions were cross-linked with a water soluble carbodiimide at various stoichiometries and collagen concentrations (5−20 w/w %). The resulting hydrogels were clear and, when used as cell growth matrices, allowed cell and nerve visualization in vitro and in vivo. We have previously reported that, after six months of implantation in pigs' and rabbits' corneas, these robust hydrogels allowed regeneration of host cells and nerves to give optically clear corneas with no detected loss in thickness, indicating stable engraftment. Here, the biocompatible hydrogel formulations leading to this novel in vivo performance were characterized for amine consumption, gel hydration, thermal properties, optical clarity, refractive index, nutrient diffusion, biodegradation, tensile measurements, and average pore diameters. Gels with excellent in vitro (epithelial overgrowth, neurite penetration) and in vivo performance (clarity, touch sensitivity regeneration) had 4−11 nm pores, yet had glucose and albumin diffusive coefficients similar to mammalian corneas and allowed neurite extension through the gels.
Waste to real energy: the first MFC powered mobile phone (2013)

This communication reports for the first time the charging of a commercially available mobile phone, using Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) fed with real neat urine. The membrane-less MFCs were made out of ceramic material and employed plain carbon based electrodes.
<title>Relationship of magnetic moment of metallic alloys to image artifact during magnetic resonance imaging</title> (1992)

The embryonic area of interventional MRI, i.e. interstitial therapy under MR guidance, includes deep tissue laser ablation of lesions. Laser fibers can be located inside lesions by first inserting an MR-compatible cannula into the lesion and then inserting the laser fiber through the cannula into the lesion. Two factors are critical in selecting alloys for cannulae: the material should exhibit so little magnetic susceptibility that it will neither distort the MR image nor torque even at high field strengths, yet it should exhibit enough susceptibility defect that the cannula can be visualized by MR during positioning. Wires of metals and alloys were tested in a magnetometer to measure their magnetic moment, and imaged with spin echo and gradient echo MRI. Direct measurement of magnetic moment was a good indicator of MR- compatibility. Artifacts visualized with spin echo pulse sequences were smaller than those produced with gradient echo sequences.
Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of α,β-Unsaturated Esters by Chiral Dioxirane (2002)

This paper describes a highly enantioselective epoxidation of alpha,beta-unsaturated esters using the fructose-derived ketone 2 as catalyst and Oxone as oxidant. High ee's have been obtained for a number of trans and trisubstituted substrates (82-98% ee). The results described show that it is feasible for dioxiranes to effectively epoxidize electron-deficient olefins with high ee's.
Synthetic Heparan Sulfate Oligosaccharides Inhibit Endothelial Cell Functions Essential for Angiogenesis (2010)

These results demonstrate structure-function relationships for synthetic HS saccharides that suppress endothelial cell migration, tube formation and signalling induced by key angiogenic cytokines.
ACE inhibitors in non-ischaemic heart failure: Results from the MEGA trials (1995)

Large-scale trials have demonstrated a consistent mortality reduction from angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor therapy for chronic heart failure. Nonetheless, the pharmacologic and physiologic mechanisms of this favourable affect and the appropriate target population remain controversial. ACE inhibitors exert vasodilator, neurohormonal inhibiting and growth inhibiting effects that may contribute to the clinical response. They improve pump function and prevent ventricular remodelling, but they also may exert an antiarrhythmic effect. They may prevent coronary ischaemic events but appear to reduce cardiovascular event rates even more in non-ischaemic than in ischaemic heart disease. Their efficacy in early stages of asymptomatic heart disease and the optimal dose of the drugs for long-term benefit require further study.
Nosocomial Transmission of HCV in a Cardiology Ward During the Window Phase of Infection: An Epidemiological and Molecular Investigation (2002)

Nosocomial spread of HCV and other blood-borne pathogens continues to occur in the Western world despite the screening of blood products. Using molecular and epidemiological methods we investigated an outbreak of HCV involving 3 patients following percutaneous coronary intervention at a Swedish hospital. The most likely mode of transmission was contamination of a multidose vial of saline used for the flushing of intravenous catheters. It may, therefore, be prudent to restrict the use of such vials, in addition to promoting vigorous adherence to standard hygiene procedures in order to prevent the recurrence of similar outbreaks in the future.
Development of the Child's Arch (1989)

The purposes of the project were to monitor the development of the lower extremities and the longitudinal arch of the foot and to determine whether or not arch support footwear (three types) affected development of a neutral arch in toddlers 11 to 14 months of age until age 5 years. A total of 125 beginner walkers were recruited through the pediatrics department during a period of 1 1/2 years and divided by lot into four different footwear groups (one nonarch supportive). The group was studied for 4 years by physical examinations, x-ray films, and pedotopography (a Moire fringe technique of photography). At initial examination all of the apparently normal toddlers had pes planus by all clinical, roentgenographic, and photographic measurements. There were no cavus feet at that time or at 5 years of age. Arches developed regardless of the footwear worn but development was faster during the first 2 years (until age 3 years) with arch support footwear. The rapidity of arch development until 5 years of age continued in those children who wore longitudinal arch cookies. Ossification of the sustentaculum tali begins at approximately 5 years of age but is not complete for at least another 1 to 2 years. Hyperpronation was present in 77.9% and genu valgum in 92.3% of the 5-year-old children. These conditions are apparently the norm at this age in both boys and girls.
Correcting Sampling Oscilloscope Timebase Errors With a Passively Mode-Locked Laser Phase Locked to a Microwave Oscillator (2009)

In this paper, we describe an apparatus for correcting the timebase errors when calibrating the response of an equivalent-time sampling oscilloscope using a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser that is phase locked to a microwave signal generator. This enables us to simultaneously correct both the random jitter and the systematic timebase distortion in the oscilloscope. As a demonstration of the technique, we measure the electrical pulse generated by a fast photodiode that is excited by our laser. We show that the pulse that is reconstructed using our technique has significantly lower uncertainty than the pulse that is reconstructed using a separate correction for timebase distortion followed by jitter deconvolution.
A scanning tunneling microscope based on a motorized micrometer (1989)

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) that uses a motorized micrometer to provide for coarse mechanical motion of the specimen relative to the tunneling tip is described. The specimen is attached directly to the micrometer spindle. No additional motion reduction mechanisms, such as levers, are necessary. After positioning the tip optically about 0.2–0.3 mm from the specimen, tunneling current is established automatically under the control of the system computer by a sequence of mechanical motions of the micrometer combined with extensions of a tubular piezoelectric scanner. Tunneling current is typically acquired in 10–15 min.
Introduction (1989)

This book has been designed to help you prepare for your 'A' Level examination in economics. Simply buying a revision text does not guarantee examination success. However, by working from this book over the months leading up to the final examination, you will improve your ability to understand and apply key economic concepts.
AUGUSTUS: a web server for gene prediction in eukaryotes that allows user-defined constraints (2005)

We present a WWW server for AUGUSTUS, a software for gene prediction in eukaryotic genomic sequences that is based on a generalized hidden Markov model, a probabilistic model of a sequence and its gene structure. The web server allows the user to impose constraints on the predicted gene structure. A constraint can specify the position of a splice site, a translation initiation site or a stop codon. Furthermore, it is possible to specify the position of known exons and intervals that are known to be exonic or intronic sequence. The number of constraints is arbitrary and constraints can be combined in order to pin down larger parts of the predicted gene structure. The result then is the most likely gene structure that complies with all given user constraints, if such a gene structure exists. The specification of constraints is useful when part of the gene structure is known, e.g. by expressed sequence tag or protein sequence alignments, or if the user wants to change the default prediction. The web interface and the downloadable stand-alone program are available free of charge at http://augustus.gobics.de/submission.
Designing Fuels Compatible with Reformers and Internal Combustion Engines (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Because reformer technology can be used in conjunction with advanced internal combustion engine technology, it is important to be able to formulate fuels that are compatible with both reformers and ICEs</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">It has been found that most hydrocarbon species typically present in gasoline can be reformed with relative ease. The exception is that olefinic species of carbon number 6 and above are relatively much harder to reform. It is shown how a reformer compatible gasoline fuel with high octane can be blended.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For Diesel fuels, synthetic ‘Gas to Liquid’ fuels are generally less susceptible to coking and hence superior to petroleum-derived fuels, for use with an onboard reformer.</div>
Retroviruses and Mouse Embryos: A Rapid Model for Neurovirulence and Transplacental Antiviral Therapy (1987)

A murine model in which neurotropic retroviral infection can be studied over short periods of time was developed. Microinjection of Cas-Br-E virus into midgestation mouse embryos caused paralysis and death within 25 days after birth, in contrast to virus-infected neonates which develop disease only after 4 months. To evaluate whether antiviral drugs could cross the placental barrier and influence the course of the disease, the drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) was administered to infected embryos through the drinking water of pregnant females. AZT treatment markedly retarded the onset and course of virus-induced central nervous system disease, permitting animals to survive beyond 4 months of age. These results are evidence for effective antiviral treatment during gestation and in the perinatal period and are of potential significance for the management of maternal transmission of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) virus.
A novel approach to change detection based on a coarse-to-fine strategy (2005)

We present a novel approach to the change detection problem based on a coarse-to-fine strategy. The basic idea consists in assigning to an efficient preliminary coarse-level detection the task to filter out the well known possible false changes (e.g., those due to camera noise and small displacements, or to scene illumination changes). This provides the subsequent fine-level detection with reliable supermasks of the true changed areas in the scene. In this way, the fine-level detection can "focus the attention" on limited parts of the frames, thus yielding remarkable advantages in terms of computational efficiency. Here, just a coarse-level detection algorithm based on background subtraction and on the concept of structure is presented, to stress that any pixel-level algorithm can be used afterwards and benefit in terms of robustness as well as of computational efficiency.
Assessing interactional competencies: The early social-communication scales (1982)

Interactional competencies that develop in the first two years of life provide a foundation for all further social and communicative developments. Their normal acquisition, especially in the handicapped, can not be taken for granted. If delays in social-communicative development can be identified early in life and changes made in how the social environment interacts with the child, intervention may effectively facilitate social development. However, to accomplish this, both a model for describing and an instrument for assessing interactional competencies are needed. A recently developed set of scales, organized according to a cognitive-developmental framework and drawing upon recent research literature, is described in terms of its organization and content. Results that support the cognitive model underlying the set of scales are reported. The paper concludes with a consideration of potential criticisms that may apply to such a theoretically based instrument.
Assuring the Machine Learning Lifecycle (2021)

Machine learning has evolved into an enabling technology for a wide range of highly successful applications. The potential for this success to continue and accelerate has placed machine learning (ML) at the top of research, economic, and political agendas. Such unprecedented interest is fuelled by a vision of ML applicability extending to healthcare, transportation, defence, and other domains of great societal importance. Achieving this vision requires the use of ML in safety-critical applications that demand levels of assurance beyond those needed for current ML applications. Our article provides a comprehensive survey of the state of the art in the assurance of ML , i.e., in the generation of evidence that ML is sufficiently safe for its intended use. The survey covers the methods capable of providing such evidence at different stages of the machine learning lifecycle , i.e., of the complex, iterative process that starts with the collection of the data used to train an ML component for a system, and ends with the deployment of that component within the system. The article begins with a systematic presentation of the ML lifecycle and its stages. We then define assurance desiderata for each stage, review existing methods that contribute to achieving these desiderata, and identify open challenges that require further research.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Pipe-Assisted Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage Unit for Dish-Stirling Systems (2013)

A two-dimensional numerical model is developed to simulate the transient response of a heat pipe-assisted latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) unit integrated with dish-Stirling solar power generation systems. The unit consists of a container which houses a phase change material (PCM) and two sets of interlaced input and output heat pipes (HPs) embedded in the PCM. The LHTES unit is exposed to time-varying concentrated solar irradiance. A three-stage operating scenario is investigated that includes: (i) charging only, (ii) simultaneous charging and discharging, and (iii) discharging only. In general, it was found that the PCM damps the temporal variations of the input solar irradiance, and provides relatively smooth thermal power to the engine over a time period that can extend to after-sunset hours. Heat pipe spacing was identified as a key parameter to control the dynamic response of the unit. The system with the greatest (smallest) heat pipe spacing was found to have the greatest (smallest) temperature drops across the LHTES, as well as the maximum (minimum) amount of PCM melting and solidification. Exergy analyses were also performed, and it was found that the exergy efficiencies of all the systems considered were greater than 97%, with the maximum exergy efficiency associated with the system having the minimum heat pipe spacing.
21.7 A 6.78MHz 6W wireless power receiver with a 3-level 1× / ½ × / 0× reconfigurable resonant regulating rectifier (2016)

Wireless charging is developing into a standard feature of portable electronic devices to cut the last wire. Resonant wireless power transfer (R-WPT) using magnetic resonance emerges as a promising approach, as it provides spatial freedom and can charge multiple devices simultaneously. ISM-band frequencies such as 6.78MHz or 13.56MHz are commonly used as the resonant frequency of the LC tank [1-4]. The wireless power receiver usually adopts a two-stage topology [3,4]. The first stage is a rectifier for AC-DC conversion, and the second stage is a buck converter or an LDO for DC-DC regulation. The two-stage power processing degrades the efficiency and adds extra volume and cost. The resonant regulating rectifier (3R) of [1] implements a passive rectifier followed by a step-down charge pump to produce a regulated output voltage. It consists of 3 on-chip power switches, 5 off-chip diodes and 3 off-chip capacitors; and the mode selection between CCM and DCM has to be done manually. The 1×/2× reconfigurable resonant-regulating (R3) rectifier of [2] achieves one-stage power conversion plus voltage regulation using 5 on-chip switches and 1 off-chip capacitor. The output power is in the mW range, and it is not convertible to high-power applications such as 6W. The receivers above have a 5V output, and high-voltage transistors that occupy large silicon area have to be used.
Purification and some properties of a medium-chain acyl-thioester hydrolase from lactating-rabbit mammary gland which terminates chain elongation in fatty acid synthesis (1976)

1. An acyl-thioester hydrolase was isolated from the cytosol of lactating-rabbit mammary gland. The purified enzyme terminates fatty acid synthesis at medium-chain (C8:0-C12:0) acids when it is incubated with fatty acid synthetase and rate-limiting concentrations of malonyl-CoA. These acids are characteristic products of the lactating gland. 2. The mol.wt. of the enzyme is 29000+/-500 (mean+/-S.D. of three independent preparations), as estimated by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. 3. The enzyme also hydrolyses acyl-CoA esters of chain lengths C10:0-C16:0 when these are used as model substrates. The greatest activity was towards dodecanoyl-CoA, and the three preparations had specific activities of 305, 1130 and 2010 nmol of dodecanoyl-CoA hydrolysed/min per mg of protein when 56muM substrate was used. 4. The way in which this enzyme controls the synthesis of medium-chain fatty acids by fatty acid synthetase is briefly discussed.
Oxidation of flavonols with Cu(II), Fe(II) and Fe(III) in aqueous media (2000)

Reactions of flavonols, 3-methoxyflavones, and flavones with Cu2+, Fe3+, and Fe2+ in acidic aqueous solutions with three different organic modifiers are investigated. Complexation may be followed by an oxidation of flavonols, yielding additional peaks in HPLC chromatograms of the reaction mixtures. The products are synthesized with high yields and isolated in mg amounts. They are characterized as 2-(hydroxybenzoyl)-2-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-ones, using two-dimensional NMR techniques and PBI-NCI and -EI-MS. The electrochemical behaviour of the compounds is further investigated with cyclic voltammetry.
Cloning and expression of the alkaline proteinase gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 (1989)

The alkaline proteinase gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa IFO 3455 was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli.
Influence of FLT3‐internal tandem duplication allele burden and white blood cell count on the outcome in patients with intermediate‐risk karyotype acute myeloid leukemia (2012)

NPM1 and FLT3-ITD status, age, WBC, and secondary AML were identified as important prognostic variables that can help to risk stratify patients with AML who have intermediate-risk cytogenetics. FLT3 allele burden had no significant influence on outcomes after correcting for other variables.
Use of zero-valent metals in in-situ remediation of contaminated ground water (1994)

Technologies based on the ability of metals to release electrons are being developed as possible methods for in-situ remediation of contaminated ground water. Laboratory tests have indicated considerable potential for removal of electroactive metals and for degradation of a wide range of halogenated aliphatic organic compounds. A laboratory column 15 cm in length was packed with 50 mass % each of iron fillings and quartz sand. After passage of 150 pore volumes of a solution containing 18 mg/L chromium, the concentration in the effluent remained below detection (0.05 mg/L). Under the highly reducing conditions in the column, the hexavalent chromium was precipitated as a highly insoluble chromium hydroxide/ferric hydroxide precipitate. It is postulated that the process could be effective for removal of other electroactive chemicals. In both batch and column tests, the addition of elemental iron was shown to be highly effective in enhancing degradation rates of chlorinated aliphatic compounds. The process appears to be reductive dechlorination, with iron serving as the source of electrons for the reduction process. Of 14 chlorinated methanes, ethanes, and ethenes that were tested, all (with the exception of dichloromethane) showed measurable rates of degradation. Normalizing the experimental results in 1 m{sup 2} of ironmore » surface per ml of solution gave t{sub 50} values ranging from 0.013 to 20 hr. The normalized rates were 5 to 15 orders of magnitude greater than rates reported for natural abiotic degradation. Field studies are in progress to evaluate the use of metals as a fully passive in-situ method for groundwater remediation.« less
Lipoprotein(a) Concentration and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease, Stroke, and Nonvascular Mortality (2009)

Under a wide range of circumstances, there are continuous, independent, and modest associations of Lp(a) concentration with risk of CHD and stroke that appear exclusive to vascular outcomes.
Multimode silicon photonics integrated devices (2016)

Mode-division-multiplexing (MDM) technology has attracted much attention because of the potential to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link for a single wavelength carrier. In this case, one should consider not only the fundamental mode but also the higher-order modes for the design of photonic integrated devices, and thus some novel devices are required. As silicon photonics has become very popular because of their CMOS compatibility, it is interesting to develop some multimode photonic integrated devices on silicon. This paper gives a review on multimode silicon photonics.