gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Electronic Colon Cleansing Method for Detection of Polyps by Virtual Colonoscopy (2005)

Electronic colon cleansing (ECC) aims to segment the colon lumen from the patient abdominal image acquired with colonic material tagging by oral contrast and other means, so that a virtual colon model can be constructed. Virtual colonoscopy (VC) navigates through the colon model looking for polyps in a similar manner as the fiber optic colonoscopy does. We had built an ECC pipeline for the commercial VC system of Viatronix Inc. In this paper, we present an improved ECC method. It is based on a partial -volume image -segmentation framework, which is derived using the well-established statistical expectation-maximization algorithm. The presented ECC method was evaluated by both visual inspection on the cleansed colon lumens and computer-aided detection of polyps (CADpolyp) using 20 patient datasets. Compared to our previous ECC pipeline, this presented new method demonstrates improvement in both visual judgment and CADpolyp.
Evolution of Darwin’s Peloric Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa) Is Caused by a Null Mutation in a Pleiotropic TCP Gene (2018)

Unlike most crops, which were domesticated through long periods of selection by ancient humans, horticultural plants were primarily domesticated through intentional selection over short time periods. The molecular mechanisms underlying the origin and spread of novel traits in the domestication process have remained largely unexplored in horticultural plants. Gloxinia (Sinningia speciosa), whose attractive peloric flowers influenced the thoughts of Darwin, have been cultivated since the early 19th century, but its origin and genetic basis are currently unknown. By employing multiple experimental approaches including genetic analysis, genotype-phenotype associations, gene expression analysis, and functional interrogations, we showed that a single gene encoding a TCP protein, SsCYC, controls both floral orientation and zygomorphy in gloxinia. We revealed that a causal mutation responsible for the development of peloric gloxinia lies in a 10-bp deletion in the coding sequence of SsCYC. By combining genetic inference and literature searches, we have traced the putative ancestor and reconstructed the domestication path of the peloric gloxinia, in which a 10-bp deletion in SsCYC under selection triggered its evolution from the wild progenitor. The results presented here suggest that a simple genetic change in a pleiotropic gene can promote the elaboration of floral organs under intensive selection pressure.
Navier-Stokes analyses of the redistribution of inlet temperature distortions in a turbine (1990)

The flow exiting the combustor and entering the turbine of a gas turbine engine is known to contain both spatial and temporal variations in total temperature. Although historically it has been presumed that the turbine rotor responded to the average temperature, recent experimental evidence has demonstrated that the rotor actually separated the hotter and cooler streams of fluid so that the hotter fluid migrated toward the pressure surface and the cooler fluid migrated toward the suction surface. In the present study a time-accurate, two-dimensional, thin-layer, Navier-Stokes analysis of a turbine stage was used to analyze this phenomenon. The rough qualitative agreement between the measured and the computed results indicated that the analysis had successfully captured many of the important features of the flow.
Locality in search engine queries and its implications for caching (2003)

Caching is a popular technique for reducing both server load and user response time in distributed systems. We consider the question of whether caching might be effective for search engines as well. We study two real search engine traces by examining query locality and its implications for caching. Our trace analysis produced three results. One result shows that queries have significant locality, with query frequency following a Zipf distribution. Very popular queries are shared among different users and can be cached at servers or proxies, while 16% to 22% of the queries are from the same users and should be cached at the user side. Multiple-word queries are shared less and should be cached mainly at the user side. Another result shows that if caching is to be done at the user side, short-term caching for hours is enough to cover query temporal locality, while server/proxy caching should use longer periods, such as days. The third result showed that most users have small lexicons when submitting queries. Frequent users who submit many search requests tend to reuse a small subset of words to form queries. Thus, with proxy or user side caching, prefetching based on the user lexicon looks promising.
Free Radical Polymerization of Acrylonitrile:  Mass Spectrometric Identification of the Nitroxide-Trapped Oligomers Formed in and Estimated Rate Constants for Each of the First Eight Propagation Steps (1999)

The first 10 addition products in the free radical polymerization of acrylonitrile initiated by AIBN have been trapped and identified; the resulting yields have allowed individual values of the first eight propagation rate constants to be estimated. These are the first realistic experimentally based estimates of a reasonable sequence of early propagation rate constants in any free radical polymerization. In this experiment, the concentration of the nitroxide trapping agent was maintained at a level sufficiently high to prevent the formation of high polymer, yet low enough to allow a competitive monomer addition to form the lower members of the propagation series before being trapped to form the oligomeric addition products. These oligomers were identified and quantified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry operated in the selected ion recording mode in series with HPLC−UV. The results have allowed the first eight individual propagation rate constants, kAn (n = 1−8), to be estimated: The values of kAn at 75 °C decrease from 5.4 × 103 L mol-1 s-1 with n = 1 to a minimum of 2.1 × 103 L mol-1 s-1 with n = 3 before leveling off with a constant value of 4.8 × 103 L mol-1 s-1 at n > 5.
Performance issues in VC-merge capable switches for multiprotocol label switching (1999)

In a multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) domain, ATM label-switching routers (LSRs) are potentially capable of providing the highest forwarding capacity in the backbone network. Virtual circuit (VC) merging is a mechanism in an ATM-LSR that allows many IP routes to be mapped to the same VC label and provides a scalable mapping method that can support thousands of destinations. VC merging requires reassembly buffers so that cells belonging to different packets intended for the same destination do not interleave with each other. In this paper, the impact of VC merging on the buffering requirement for the reassembly buffers is investigated. We propose a realistic architecture that supports VC merging. We study the performance of this architecture using an analytic approach and using simulation driven by empirical Internet packet-size distribution. At the cell level, our main finding indicates that VC merging incurs a minimal overhead compared to non-VC merging, in terms of additional buffering. Moreover, the overhead decreases as utilization increases or as the traffic becomes more bursty with longer dependence. The finding has important practical consequences since routers and switches are dimensioned for high utilization and stressful traffic conditions. At the packet level, VC merging generally achieves a higher goodput than non-VC merging with EPD for the same buffer size. We also study the delay performance and find that the additional delay due to VC merging is insignificant at high speed.
U-Next: A Novel Convolution Neural Network With an Aggregation U-Net Architecture for Gallstone Segmentation in CT Images (2019)

The incidence of cholelithiasis is more than 10% in the natural population. It is a common and frequently occurring disease worldwide. The lesions are predominantly sand-like and are difficult to distinguish in medical images. Although ultrasound is often the first-line technique for diagnosing cholelithiasis, CT plays an important role in diagnosing complications related to gallstones. To the best of our knowledge, no effective method has been proposed for segmenting CT images of gallstones. To address this difficulty, we have proposed a novel deep learning segmentation model, U-NeXt, which can automatically provide the importance of different shapes and sizes of target structures in images. a) We proposed attention up-sampling blocks for up-sampling. b) We also proposed a spatial pyramid pooling of skip connections, which is called SkipSPP. A series of convolution layers are connected by jumping connections to generate multi-scale features. c) We employed a dense connection to many details of the model to extract more features. In addition, we contributed a new data set for gallstone segmentation, which is co-labelled by three chief physicians from the hepatobiliary department and the medical imaging department of Shandong Province Third Hospital, China. The data set included 5,350 images from 726 patients. Compared with the previous best CT image segmentation method for gallstones, the intersection over union (IoU) improved by 24%, and compared with the medical image segmentation baseline model, the IoU improved by 7%, with a satisfactory segmentation effect. We extended U-NeXt to the nuclei segmentation task, showing that the model has good generalizability.
Ultra-wideband arrays (2004)

There is a need for ultra-wideband phased arrays for military applications such as multifunction, EW, and ESM systems. This need was addressed on the DARPA reconfigurable aperture (RECAP) program, with a goal of a 10:1 bandwidth array aperture. Previous aperture designs covered 3 or 5:1 bandwidths [Hemmi, C, et al., March 1999, Chio, T.H., et al., Sept. 1999 and June 2000]. On this program we designed array radiating apertures tunable over a 10:1 bandwidth, using RF micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) switches. Design trades addressed multiple tunable approaches, but ultimately a 10:1 instantaneous-bandwidth approach, requiring no tuning, was selected for further development. An array aperture operating from 1.8 to 18 GHz (10:1), with dual polarization and wide-angle scan capability, was designed and demonstrated with hardware measurement.
Double-split-electrode transversal filter for telecommunication applications (1979)

A novel structure for on chip tap weight implementation in CCD transversal filters is described which employs two splits in the CCD sensing electrodes to improve on the performance of the conventional single-split weighting technique. This greatly reduces the capacitance associated with the sensing nodes and consequently reduces the common mode signal, gain sensitivity, coefficient error, and clock noise pickup. Experimental results are presented which verify this improved performance. The results achieved for a 3.4-kHz low-pass filter clocked at 32 kHz show a signal-to-noise ratio of 86 dB with harmonic distortion of less than 0.3 percent.
Clonal T Cell Proliferation in Patients with Pure Red Cell Aplasia (1999)

Among the patients with idiopathic pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) who do not meet the diagnostic criteria of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, there are some cases which suggest an association with clonal T lymphocytic proliferation. The morphological characteristics and responses to treatment revealed two distinct groups among the present 13 patients. The lymphocytes in one group were typical granular lymphocytes of T cell phenotype which were treated effectively with cyclophosphamide rather than cyclosporine. The response to therapy in this group occurred after a perceptible reduction in lymphocyte mass, which took at least 8 weeks. The lymphocytes in the second group consisted mainly of non-granulated lymphocytes or some granulated lymphocytes with fine and indistinct granules and responded well to cyclosporine therapy. A reduction in lymphocytes mass was not a prerequisite for the development of the remission of red cell aplasia in this group, and responses occurred within 4 weeks. Clonal T cell proliferation was detected in some patients, which raised the possibility of idiopathic PRCA being associated with a clonal proliferation of T cells. Distinguishing lymphocytes in patients with PRCA could potentially be used to plan treatment strategy and assess prognosis.
Profile of reslizumab in eosinophilic disease and its potential in the treatment of poorly controlled eosinophilic asthma (2013)

Eosinophils are important proinflammatory cells that make a major contribution to the inflammation seen in allergic diseases including asthma. Interleukin-5 is central to eosinophil maturation, release from the bone marrow, and subsequent accumulation, activation, and persistence in the tissues. Reslizumab (Cinquil™) is a humanized monoclonal antibody with potent interleukin-5 neutralizing effects, which represents a potential treatment for poorly controlled eosinophilic asthma. This review will consider the current status of the clinical development of reslizumab for asthma and in other inflammatory diseases with a marked eosinophilic component.
A low-power hybrid reconfigurable architecture for resistive random-access memories (2016)

Access-transistor-free memristive crossbars have shown to be excellent candidates for next generation non-volatile memories. While the elimination of the transistor per memory element enables higher memory densities, it also introduces parasitic currents during the normal operation of the memory that increases both the overall power consumption of the crossbar, and the current requirements of the line drivers. In this work we present a hybrid reconfigurable memory architecture that takes advantage of the fact that a complementary resistive switch (CRS) can behave both as a memristor and as a CRS. By dynamically keeping frequently accessed regions of the memory in the memristive mode and others in the CRS mode, our hybrid memory offer all the benefits that a memristor and a CRS offer individually, without any of their drawbacks. We validate our architecture using the SPEC CPU2006 benchmark and found that our hybrid memory offers average energy savings of 3.6x with respect to a memristive-only memory. In addition, we can offer a memory lifetime that is, on average, 6.4x longer than that of a CRS-only memory.
Position-annotated photographs: a geotemporal web (2003)

With the advent of digital cameras, photographs are no longer gathering dust, forgotten in old shoeboxes. Instead, they are lying unused in hard disk dircctories and on CDs. The Geotemporal Web system, belonging to the "capture and access" class of ubiquitous computing applications, addresses this phenomenon by automatically converting raw data from the typical vacation trip into a lively Web site. Exploiting the synergies of integrating different consumer-grade information appliances and publicly accessible databases, a GTWeb site presents a trip overview, timelines, maps, and annotated photographs.
A novel method of intelligent analysis of weave pattern based on image processing technology (2011)

This paper proposed a new method based on image processing and pattern recognition technology to recognize the pattern of woven fabric. The method disposed the information of both the top and bottom fabric images. The result of analyzing the regularity of the intensity variation of the horizontal and vertical direction of image can be used to determine the interlacing position of yarn sections. According to encoding the color information of fabric, the types of cross points can be obtained. After getting the color information of fabric on the warp and weft directions, the color pattern could be determined, and it can be used to correct the errors of classification of cross-point classification. Finally a fabric model can be built which contains types of interlacing points and color pattern.
Cation Complexes of Compounds Containing Carbon--Carbon Double Bonds. IV. The Argentation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCation Complexes of Compounds Containing Carbon--Carbon Double Bonds. IV. The Argentation of Aromatic HydrocarbonsL. J. Andrews and R. M. KeeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 11, 3644–3647Publication Date (Print):November 19, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 November 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01179a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01179a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations133LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Objective method of comparing DNA microarray image analysis systems (2004)

Many image analysis systems are available for processing the images produced by laser scanning of DNA microarrays. The image processing system takes pixel-level intensity data and converts it to a set of gene-level expression or copy number summaries that will be used in further analyses. Image analysis systems currently in use differ with regard to the specific algorithms they implement, ease of use, and cost. Thus, it would be desirable to have an objective means of comparing systems. Here we describe a systematic method of comparing image processing results produced by different image analysis systems using a series of replicate microarray experiments. We demonstrate the method with a comparison of cDNA microarray data generated by the UCSF Spot and the GenePix image processing systems.
Feasibility of preoperative planning using anatomical facsimile models for mandibular reconstruction (2007)

Producing virtual and stereolithographic models, and using them for preoperative planning substantially reduces operative time and difficulty of the operation during microvascular reconstruction of the mandible.
Adaptation of the fuzzy k-nearest neighbor classifier for manufacturing automation (1998)

The use of supervised pattern recognition technologies for automation in the manufacturing environment require the development of systems that are easy to train and use. In general, these systems attempt to emulate an inspection or measurement function typically performed by a manufacturing engineer or technician. This paper describes a self-optimizing classification system for automatic decision making in the manufacturing environment. This classification system identifies and labels unique distributions of product defects denoted as signatures. The technique relies on encapsulating human experience through a teaching method to emulate the human response to various manufacturing situations. This has been successfully accomplished through the adaptation and extension of a feature-based, fuzzy k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier that has been implemented in a pair-wise fashion. The classifier works with pair-wise combinations of the user-defined classes so that a significant reduction in feature space and problem complexity can be achieved. This k-NN implementation makes extensive use of hold-one-out results and fuzzy ambiguity information to optimize its performance. A semiconductor manufacturing case study will be presented. The technique uses data collected from in-line optical inspection tools to interpret and rapidly identify characteristic signatures that are uniquely associated with the manufacturing process. The system then alerts engineers to probable yield-limiting conditions that require attention.
The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes (2018)

We report a design strategy that allows the preparation of solution processable n-type materials from low boiling point solvents for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The polymer backbone is based on NDI-T2 copolymers where a branched alkyl side chain is gradually exchanged for a linear ethylene glycol-based side chain. A series of random copolymers was prepared with glycol side chain percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 with respect to the alkyl side chains. These were characterized to study the influence of the polar side chains on interaction with aqueous electrolytes, their electrochemical redox reactions, and performance in OECTs when operated in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that glycol side chain percentages of >50% are required to achieve volumetric charging, while lower glycol chain percentages show a mixed operation with high required voltages to allow for bulk charging of the organic semiconductor. A strong dependence of the electron mobility on the fraction of glycol chains was found for copolymers based on NDI-T2, with a significant drop as alkyl side chains are replaced by glycol side chains.
Understanding video propagation in online social networks (2012)

Recent statistics suggest that online social network (OSN) users regularly share video contents from video sharing sites (VSSes), and a significant amount of views of VSSes are indeed from OSN users nowadays. By crawling and comparing the statistics of same videos shared in both RenRen (the largest Facebook-like OSN in China) and Youku (the largest Youtube-like VSS in China), we find that the huge and distinguished video requests from OSNs have substantially changed the workload of VSSes. In particular, OSNs amplify the skewness of video popularity so largely that about 0.31% most popular videos account for 80% of total views. Another interesting phenomenon is that many popular videos in VSSes may not receive many requests in OSNs. To further understand these findings, we track the propagation process of videos shared in RenRen since their introduction to this OSN, and analyze the effect of potential parameters to such process, including the number of initiators (users who bring the video to the OSN directly from a VSS), branching factor (the number of users who watch the friend's shared video), and share rate (the probability that the viewers of a video will further share this video). Beyond our expectation, none of these factors determine a video's popularity in an OSN. Instead, it shows great randomness for the number of a video's potential requests when it is shared to an OSN. By modifying the basic Galton-Watson stochastic branching process, we develop a simple yet effective model to simulate the video propagation process in an OSN. Simulation results show that it can well capture the randomness of a video's popularity and the skewed video popularity distribution.
Cyclodextrin embedded covalently crosslinked networks: synthesis and applications of hydrogels with nano-containers (2019)

Recent advancements in the synthesis of hydrogels containing cyclodextrin (CD) units within the gel network have been reviewed.