gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monocotyledonous Plants as Hosts for Agrobacterium (1992)

Fifteen species from nine monocotyledonous families were inoculated with strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, A. rhizogenes, and A. rubi. Tumor production was observed in seven of these species: Arthropodium cirratum (New Zealand rock lily), Cordyline australis (New Zealand cabbage tree), Dioscorea bulbifera (yam), Monstera deliciosa (fruit salad plant), Nerine bowdenii, Polygonatum x hybridum (Solomon's seal), and Zantedeschia aethiopica (arum lily). The use of appropriate controls for Agrobacterium inoculations and the detection of opines in extracts from most of these tumors confirmed that they had resulted from Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Chlorophyll retention around tumors during senescence in some of the plant species was attributed to the expression of the T-DNA isopentyl-transferase gene. We conclude that more monocotyledons are hosts for Agrobacterium transformation than previously thought. Important factors for the induction of tumors included the choice of Agrobacterium strain, the growth phase of the plant, and the organ being inoculated.
GEORGE W. CHADWICK (1924)

Journal Article GEORGE W. CHADWICK Get access CARL ENGEL CARL ENGEL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Musical Quarterly, Volume X, Issue 3, July 1924, Pages 438–453, https://doi.org/10.1093/mq/X.3.438 Published: 01 July 1924
Glycolytic Control Mechanisms (1967)

Abstract Sections of the main electric organ of Electrophorus were stimulated electrically to elicit a discharge, and slices were cut by a rapid sampling guillotine during and after different times of discharge. Kinetic measurements of adenine nucleotides, creatine phosphate, and inorganic phosphate showed that a disappearance of creatine phosphate occurred within a few seconds of the onset of discharge. The levels of ATP were maintained approximately constant by the high activity of creatine phosphokinase, and marked increases of ADP and AMP were not observed until after the end of a 60-sec discharge period, when the creatine phosphate reserves were depleted. Phosphofructokinase activity, as depicted by changes in the phosphofructokinase mass action ratio [fructose-di-P x ADP/fructose-6-P x ATP], increased during discharge but showed a further large but transient increase during recovery, especially after discharge times greater than 40 sec. The initial activation of phosphofructokinase was caused by the early rise of inorganic phosphate, but thereafter the change of the phosphofructokinase mass action ratio followed closely the changes of ADP and AMP. The results show that the duration and magnitude of the increased glycolytic flux after electric discharge of the organ are controlled by the rapid activation and deactivation of phosphofructokinase, which is turned on and off by feedback from the energy-utilizing reactions of the sodium pump.
Automated generation of category-specific thesauri for interactivequery expansion (1998)

The categorisation of documents into subject-specific categories is a useful enhancement for large document collections addressed by information retrieval systems, as a user can first browse a category tree in search of the category that best matches her interests, and then issue a query for more specific documents &quot;from within the category&quot;. This approach combines two modalities in information seeking that are most popular in Web-based search engines, i.e. category-based site browsing (as exemplified by e.g. Yahoo TM ) and keyword-based document querying (as exemplified by e.g. AltaVista TM ). Appropriate query expansion tools need to be provided, though, in order to allow the user to incrementally refine her query through further retrieval passes, thus allowing the system to produce a series of subsequent document rankings that hopefully converge to the user&apos;s expected ranking. In this work we propose that automatically generated, category-specific &quot;associative&quot; thesauri be used for such purpose. We discuss a method for their generation, and discuss how the thesaurus specific to a given category may usefully be endowed with &quot;gateways&quot; to the thesauri specific to its parent and children categories.
Synthesis of carbon‐14 labeled 6‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo[2,1‐<b>b</b>]thiazole (SK&F 86002) (1987)

Abstract SK&F 86002, 6‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐5‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydromidazo[2,1‐ b ]thiazole, was synthesized labeled with carbon‐14 at C‐1 or C‐2, 3 using either [ 14 C]thiourea or 1,2‐dibromo [ 14 C 2 ] ethane, respectively. The synthetic route, involving the condensation of an asymmetric benzoin with thiourea followed by alkylation, gave a mixture of SK&F 86002 and structural isomer SK&F 86055, 5‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐6‐(4‐pyridyl)‐2,3‐dihydroimidazo‐[2,1‐ b ]thiazole. The two products were separated easily by flash chromatography. The use of 1,2‐dibromo [ 14 C 2 ]ethane as the labeling reagent was superior to the use of [ 14 C]thiourea in this sequence, for the radiolabel was incorporated in the final step of the synthesis by an alkylation reaction, thus providing greatly increased overall radiochemical yields.
Detection of membrane and intracellular antigens by flow cytometry following ORTHO PermeaFix fixation. (1994)

In the present study, we explored the suitability of a new cell fixative (ORTHO PermeaFix, OPF) for the detection by flow cytometry of intracellular molecules while preserving the cell surface immunoreactivity, scatter features and morphology. The effect of OPF was investigated on whole blood of ten normal donors, and on separated blasts of 17 leukemic patients. OPF fixation for 45 min to 24 h maintained the morphology of lymphoid cells with minimal cellular distortion and scatter changes, and only slightly modified cell surface immunoreactivity. For at least 1 week following fixation, the cells were still suitable for immunostaining with monoclonal antibodies that recognize the main lymphoid populations. These included CD3, CD4 and CD8 for T-cell subsets, CD19 and CD16 for B lymphocytes and NK cells, and CD45 for leukocyte common antigen (LCA). The OPF fixation of leukemic cells allowed the simultaneous detection of nuclear TdT in conjunction with membrane CD19, and with membrane and/or cytoplasmic CD22 in common-ALL, as well as with cytoplasmic CD3 in T-ALL cases. Our findings suggest that with the introduction of this new fixative into the routine laboratory service, a number of convenient and practical arrangements can be made which increase the efficiency of immunodiagnosis. Small laboratories with no inhouse flow-cytometric facilities can now accumulate OPF-treated whole blood samples for at least 3-4 days and send these to reference laboratories. In addition, the immunodiagnosis of acute leukemia is greatly facilitated by combination staining for membrane and intracellular antigens both at diagnosis and when the analysis of minority populations is warranted for detecting minimal disease.
Synthesis of diffractive axicons for partially coherent light based on asymptotic wave theory (2001)

A general, noniterative method for designing diffractive axicons is derived. This new technique clarifies the earlier phenomenological design principle that was used for coherent light and extends it to the domain of partial coherence. The approach is based on the method of stationary phase in fluctuating diffracted wave fields, and it applies to arbitrary axially symmetric radiation of the Schell-model type. It is shown that the general design equation can be solved numerically, in a straightforward way, for any reasonable illumination and image specifications.
Enhanced TAG-72 expression and tumor uptake of radiolabeled monoclonal antibody CC49 in metastatic breast cancer patients following alpha-interferon treatment. (1995)

The IFNs, alpha and gamma, have been shown to enhance the tumor-associated glycoprotein (TAG-72) on adenocarcinoma cells in vitro and in mice with human breast cancer xenografts, resulting in improved targeting of monoclonal antibody CC49. To determine the effect of IFN-alpha on biodistribution and tumor uptake of 131I-labeled CC49, patients with metastatic breast cancer were randomized to either receive or not receive IFN-alpha (3 million units daily for 14 days) by s.c. injection. Three days after beginning IFN-alpha, all patients received 10-20 mCi of 131I-CC49 (specific activity, 16.7 mCi/mg) i.v. Total-body Anger camera scans, along with total-body blood and plasma pharmacokinetics, were performed. Tumor biopsies were taken in all patients before and 48 h after IFN-alpha treatment. There were no significant differences in number of metastases imaged or whole-body, blood and plasma pharmacokinetics between IFN-alpha-treated and untreated patients. Quantitative immunohistochemistry on biopsy specimens from IFN-alpha-treated patients demonstrated a significant increase in mean +/- SEM TAG-72 expression (45.7 +/- 19.4%) compared to patients that were not given IFN-alpha (1.3 +/- 0.95%; P < 0.05). Although slight increases in the percent injected dose of 131I-CC49 in tumor occurred after IFN-alpha-treatment, the changes were not significant at the P < 0.05 level. These data suggest that IFN-alpha may be useful in enhancing TAG-72 antigen expression in vivo in humans, despite modest improvement in tumor uptake of CC49, possibly because of limited tumor access or other unknown factors.
Planar integrated metasurfaces for highly-collimated terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2014)

We report planar integration of tapered terahertz (THz) frequency quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) with metasurface waveguides that are designed to be spoof surface plasmon (SSP) out-couplers by introducing periodically arranged SSP scatterers. The resulting surface-emitting THz beam profile is highly collimated with a divergence as narrow as ~4° × 10°, which indicates a good waveguiding property of the metasurface waveguide. In addition, the low background THz power implies a high coupling efficiency for the THz radiation from the laser cavity to the metasurface structure. Furthermore, since all the structures are in-plane, this scheme provides a promising platform where well-established surface plasmon/metasurface techniques can be employed to engineer the emitted beam of THz QCLs controllably and flexibly. More importantly, an integrated active THz photonic circuit for sensing and communication applications could be constructed by incorporating other optoelectronic devices such as Schottky diode THz mixers, and graphene modulators and photodetectors.
Multiple gene products are produced from a novel protein kinase transcription region (1995)

The nonmuscle/smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and the kinase related protein (KRP) that lacks protein kinase activity are myosin II binding proteins encoded in the vertebrate genome by a true gene within a gene relationship. The genomic organization and expression result in the same amino acid sequence in different molecular contexts from two different sizes of mRNA. We report here the identification and characterization of a third size class of gene products. The protein appears to be a higher molecular weight form of MLCK with additional amino terminal tail sequence which might provide differential subcellular targeting characteristics.
Design rules for small low speed wind tunnels (1979)

Even with today’s computers, a wind tunnel is an essential tool in engineering, both for model tests and basic research. Since the 1930s, when the strong effect of free-stream turbulence on shear layers became apparent, emphasis has been laid on wind tunnels with low levels of turbulence and unsteadiness. Consequently most high performance wind tunnels were designed as closed-circuit types (Fig. 1( a )) to ensure a controlled return flow. However, as will be seen below, it is possible with care to achieve high performance from an open-circuit tunnel, thus saving space and construction cost. ‘Blower’ tunnels (with the fan at entry to the tunnel, Fig. 1( b )) facilitate large changes in working section arrangements; to cope with the resulting large changes in operating conditions, a centrifugal fan is preferable to an axial one. For ease of changing working sections the exit diffuser is often omitted from small blower tunnels, at the cost of a power factor greater than unity. This paper concentrates on the design of small blower tunnels but most of the information is applicable to wind tunnels in general.
Iodine‐doped “crowned” phthalocyanines (1990)

Abstract In this paper, we describe the effect of iodine doping on the structure and electrical properties of crown‐ether‐substituted phthalocyanines. For the doped phthalocyanines, a layered two‐dimensional structure was found. A.c. impedance spectroscopy revealed that doping strongly increases the bulk electronic conductivity of the “crowned” phthalocyanines and their alkali‐metal picrate complexes. The intermolecular barriers for conductivity were not affected by the iodine dopant.
Re-identification of Gluconobacter strains based on restriction analysis of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions (2004)

Thirty Gluconobacter strains maintained at Culture Collection NBRC were re-identified at the species level on the basis of restriction analysis of 16S-23S rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions by digestion with two restriction endonucleases MboII and Bsp1286I. The strains examined were divided into seven groups, designated as Group I and Group III-VIII, by the combination of the restriction patterns obtained with the two restriction endonucleases. Group I included seven strains, which gave "G. oxydans patterns" with the two restriction endonucleases and were re-identified as G. oxydans. Group III included 12 strains, which gave "G. frateurii patterns" and were re-identified as G. frateurii. Group IV included six strains, which gave "G. cerinus pattern" with MboII and "G. frateurii pattern" with Bsp1286I and were re-identified as G. frateurii. Group V included one strain (NBRC 3274), which gave respectively "G. frateurii pattern" and "G. cerinus pattern" and was re-identified as G. cerinus. Group VI included one strain (NBRC 3990), which gave respectively "G. oxydans pattern" and an unidentified restriction pattern and was re-identified temporarily as G. oxydans. Group VII included two strains (NBRC 3250 and NBRC 3273), which gave respectively an unidentified restriction pattern and "G. oxydans pattern." Group VIII included one strain (NBRC 3266), which gave unidentified restriction patterns. The three strains of Group VII and Group VIII were suggested to constitute new taxa by sequencing of 16S-23S rDNA ITS regions.
Electrochemical reduction of stereoisomeric geminal dihalonorbornanes (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of stereoisomeric geminal dihalonorbornanesAlbert J. Fry and Roberta G. ReedCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 24, 8475–8484Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00779a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00779a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bayesian methods for adaptive models (1992)

The Bayesian framework for model comparison and regularisation is demonstrated by studying interpolation and classification problems modelled with both linear and non-linear models. This framework quantitatively embodies 'Occam's razor'. Over-complex and under-regularised models are automatically inferred to be less probable, even though their flexibility allows them to fit the data better.
When applied to 'neural networks', the Bayesian framework makes possible (1) objective comparison of solutions using alternative network architectures; (2) objective stopping rules for network pruning or growing procedures; (3) objective choice of type of weight decay terms (or regularisers); (4) on-line techniques for optimising weight decay (or regularisation constant) magnitude; (5) a measure of the effective number of well-determined parameters in a model; (6) quantified estimates of the error bars on network parameters and on network output. In the case of classification models, it is shown that the careful incorporation of error bar information into a classifier's predictions yields improved performance.
Comparisons of the inferences of the Bayesian framework with more traditional cross-validation methods help detect poor underlying assumptions in learning models.
The relationship of the Bayesian learning framework to 'active learning' is examined. Objective functions are discussed which measure the expected informativeness of candidate data measurements, in the context of both interpolation and classification problems.
The concepts and methods described in this thesis are quite general and will be applicable to other data modelling problems whether they involve regression, classification or density estimation.
SOS-Rassismus (1999)

Als am 29. Mai 1993 fünf Menschen bei einem Brandanschlag in Solingen um ihr Leben kamen, war dies der traurige Höhepunkt einer Folge von ausländerfeindlich motivierten Gewalttaten in Städten wie Hoyerswerda, Rostock, Hünxe und Mölln.
PNFS and linux: Working towards a heterogeneous future (2007)

Anticipating terascale and petascale HPC demands, NFSv4 architects are designing pNFS, a standard extension that provides direct storage access to high-performance file systems while preserving operating system and hardware platform independence. Researchers at the University of Michigan are collaborating with industry to develop pNFS for the Linux operating system. This paper discusses the progress and direction of Linux pNFS.
The Application of Induced Polarization Techniques to Detect Metal-Bearing Offshore Anthropogenic Waste and Unexploded Ordnance (2009)

Raw sewage and industrial waste have been dumped into sensitive estuaries, bays, and sounds<br>for centuries. The full extents of the resulting sludge deposits are largely unknown, because they move<br>in response to tidal and long-shore currents, and because they are often buried by younger inert<br>sediments.
Dosimetric evaluation of a new design MOSFET <i>in vivo</i> dosimeter (2004)

A single-use dosimeter, designed for in vivo patient dosimetry, has been evaluated. Key dosimetric characteristics of the dosimetry system have been measured for high-energy photon and electron beams commonly used in external beam therapy. Under the measurement conditions utilized, dose accuracy was within 5% for all data points, and inter-batch uniformity was acceptable, with a standard deviation of 1.7%. Dose linearity was confirmed for doses ranging from 2 to 400 cGy. The dosimeter readings were independent of dose rate for rates ranging from 80 to 480 cGy/min. When used as instructed, the dosimeter readings were accurate across the tested range of energy and modality. These measurements show that the dosimetry system's performance may be acceptable for in vivo dosimetry of entrance d(max) doses.
HLA-G1-expressing antigen-presenting cells induce immunosuppressive CD4<sup>+</sup>T cells (2004)

We recently reported that HLA-G1-transfected antigen-presenting cells (HLA-G1+ APCs) were capable of inhibiting alloproliferative responses. The aim of the present work was to further study the function and the mechanisms of action of HLA-G1+ APCs. We show here that HLA-G1+ APCs are immunoinhibitory cells that (i) inhibit the proliferation of CD4+ T cells, (ii) shed HLA-G1 molecules that might provide extra, non-antigen-specific, inhibitory or proapoptotic signals, (iii) induce CD4+ T cell anergy, or at least long-term unresponsiveness, and (iv) cause the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into suppressive cells. Thus, HLA-G+ APCs might (i) be involved in the direct suppression of immune responses and (ii) contribute to long-term efficient immune escape or tolerance.
Toxicologic Evaluation of Bumetanide, A Potent Diuretic Agent (1981)

The studies reported represent the preclinical toxicologic evaluation of bumetanide. Toxicity testing in rats, rabbits, dogs, and baboons indicate that bumetanide is well tolerated in various species. The toxicity that was observed is, for the most part, the direct consequence of its potent diuretic activity and is similar to that produced by other "loop" diuretics. Bumetanide was fetotoxic at maternal toxic doses in the rabbit, but no evidence of teratogenic effects was observed in rabbits, rats, mice, or hamsters. The compound was devoid of mutagenic activity by the Ames test and was found to be noncarcinogenic in long-term rat studies.
An Effective Method to Detect Software Memory Leakage Leveraged from Neuroscience Principles Governing Human Memory Behavior (2005)

Software memory leakage accounts for many dynamic system problems ranging from minor performance deterioration to major system crash due to low memory, security exploitation or other side effects. General purpose commercial static and dynamic memory leak analysis tools are available for common operating systems. However, these tools normally produce high noise ratio of warning messages that require many human hours to review and eliminate false-positive alarms. In-house tools for proprietary platforms with special memory architectures also face the same limitation. Human memory on the parallel path has been studied by neuroscientists and well documented along with the governing behavioral mathematic expressions. Some studies from neuroscience inspired us towards a new approach to resolve the software memory leak issues that were occurring in our proprietary operating system. The results of our study and experiment not only allowed us to create a method to accurately detect memory leaks as a starting point, but also laid out a roadmap for future work in this area by applying the neuroscience findings into computer software to detect and control the system resources. We hope our findings and experience will help others to decrease the effort of fighting against system memory leak, whether starting from scratch, or as a reference to improve the existing tools to reduce the reporting noise ratio. In this paper, we will walk through our mapping of Cue, Recognition and Recall used in Kahana's neuroscience method [2000] to the similar memory elements of our target operating system, and how we applied Yule's Q equation to accurately pinpoint the memory leak in our source code and how we continuously fine tune the noise threshold. Our immediate road map shows a mathematic model to predict the system memory resource behavior and how we will apply it to our memory leak detection tool to help prolong system availability.