gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Property of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer in melting processing (2006)

Abstract The study is focused on the processing behavior of poly(ethylene‐ co vinyl acetate) (EVA) in high temperature, such as 200°C. The specimens are characterized using HAAKE minilab, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) to understand the rheological behavior and microstructure of EVA. It was concluded that in high processing temperature, the viscosity declined first and then increased. The PALS results showed that the free volume of EVA became large at the beginning, and became small afterwards. The glass transition temperature measured with DMA got lower at first and then nearly unchanged with increasing handling time. The results can be explained that the degradation of EVA prevailed, and then degradation was not dominant. A good correlation has been found between the processing time and temperature of the transition point in the viscosity curve. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2022–2026, 2006
Performance comparison of two implementations of the leaky LMS adaptive filter (1997)

The leaky LMS adaptive filter can be implemented either directly or by adding random white noise to the input signal of the LMS adaptive filter. In this correspondence, we analyze and compare the mean-square performances of these two adaptive filter implementations for system identification tasks with zero mean i.i.d. input signals. Our results indicate that the performance of the direct implementation is superior to that of the random noise implementation in all respects. However, for small leakage factors, these performance differences are negligible.
ELECTROKINETIC MEMBRANE PROCESSES IN RELATION TO PROPERTIES OF EXCITABLE TISSUES (1959)

An artificial system is studied consisting of salt solutions of different concentrations separated by a porous, "charged" membrane, through which a constant electric current is passed. Experiments on such systems demonstrate rhythmic variations of the transmembrane potential and the membrane resistance, which are concomitant with an oscillatory streaming of water solution across the membrane. The repetitive oscillations can be of a damped or undamped type dependent on the "stimulating" current density. A qualitative discussion of the mechanism of the oscillations is given. It centers around the periodic resistance changes in the membrane, which result from a complicated interplay between the driving forces present. The importance of electro-osmotic effects is emphasized. A few comparisons relating to possible electrophysiological implications are presented. In the metastable state of this membrane oscillator, "make" and "break" responses can be triggered by electric as well as by mechanical (pressure) "stimuli."
A new myocardial imaging agent: synthesis, characterization, and biodistribution of gallium-68-BAT-TECH. (1990)

In order to develop a new myocardial perfusion agent for positron emission tomography (PET), a new lipid-soluble gallium complex was evaluated. Synthesis, radiolabeling, characterization, and biodistribution of a unique gallium complex, [67Ga]BAT-TECH (bis-aminoethanethiol-tetraethyl-cyclohexyl), are described. The complex formation between Ga+3 and BAT-TECH ligand is simple, rapid, and of high yield (greater than or equal to 95%). This process is amenable to kit formulation. The complex has a net charge of +1 and a Ga/ligand ratio of 1:1. Biodistribution in rats shows high uptake in the heart as well as in the liver. When [68Ga] BAT-TECH was injected into a monkey, the heart and liver are clearly delineated by PET imaging, suggesting that this complex may be a possible tracer for myocardial perfusion imaging.
Efficacy and safety of conversion to monotherapy with eslicarbazepine acetate in adults with uncontrolled partial-onset seizures: a historical-control phase III study (2015)

NCT01091662 ; EudraCT No. 2010-018684-42.
Implementation and performance evaluation of ISAC: integrated services Internet with RSVP over ATM shortcuts (2002)

This paper proposes an approach to support integrated services Internet with RSVP over ATM shortcuts (ISAC). While similar to other LP switching approaches, our work is different in three major aspects. First, it focuses on supporting the integrated services model whereas other approaches currently support only best effort traffic. Second, our architecture adopts RSVP as the major signaling protocol and eliminates duplication of functionality in the ATM domain. Finally, while heterogeneous multicast has not yet been supported in any other approaches, it is considered in our proposal. Our design strives to achieve three fundamental objectives: (1) ensuring compatibility with existing networking standards, applications and system software, (2) maintaining data path efficiency, and (3) assuring portability for different operating system and switch control protocol. Our proposed architecture has been proven by a prototype implementation. Its operation has been verified by demonstrating a videoconferencing application. Our prototype has also been evaluated by measuring its signaling and control latency as well as the transfer delay of the data path.
Expression, purification and bioactivity of human augmenter of liver regeneration (2006)

Purified hALR has the ability to stimulate DNA synthesis of adult rat hepatocytes in primary culture and HepG2 cells in vitro, and can provide evidence for its clinical application.
Second-harmonic generation from chiral surfaces (1994)

We present a theory of second-harmonic generation from chiral surfaces including contributions of electric and magnetic dipole transitions to the surface nonlinearity. The nonlinear polarization and magnetization of the surface as well as the second-harmonic fields that are radiated in the reflected and transmitted directions are expressed in terms of the six possible bilinear combinations of the components of the electric field of the fundamental beam. For the case in which the polarization of the fundamental beam is controlled by means of a quarter-wave plate between p-polarized linear and left- and right-hand circular, the second-harmonic fields can be expanded in terms of only three different functions of the rotation angle of the wave plate. The process exhibits nonlinear optical activity, i.e., it responds differently to the two circular polarizations of the fundamental beam if the phases of certain expansion coefficients are different. The theory is used to explain the results of a recent experiment and excellent agreement is found. The results suggest that in the experiment the largest components of the susceptibility tensors that include magnetic contributions were of the order of ∼10% of those of the electric dipole-allowed susceptibility tensor.
A realistic molecular model of cement hydrates (2009)

Despite decades of studies of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H), the structurally complex binder phase of concrete, the interplay between chemical composition and density remains essentially unexplored. Together these characteristics of C-S-H define and modulate the physical and mechanical properties of this "liquid stone" gel phase. With the recent determination of the calcium/silicon (C/S = 1.7) ratio and the density of the C-S-H particle (2.6 g/cm(3)) by neutron scattering measurements, there is new urgency to the challenge of explaining these essential properties. Here we propose a molecular model of C-S-H based on a bottom-up atomistic simulation approach that considers only the chemical specificity of the system as the overriding constraint. By allowing for short silica chains distributed as monomers, dimers, and pentamers, this C-S-H archetype of a molecular description of interacting CaO, SiO2, and H2O units provides not only realistic values of the C/S ratio and the density computed by grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation of water adsorption at 300 K. The model, with a chemical composition of (CaO)(1.65)(SiO2)(H2O)(1.75), also predicts other essential structural features and fundamental physical properties amenable to experimental validation, which suggest that the C-S-H gel structure includes both glass-like short-range order and crystalline features of the mineral tobermorite. Additionally, we probe the mechanical stiffness, strength, and hydrolytic shear response of our molecular model, as compared to experimentally measured properties of C-S-H. The latter results illustrate the prospect of treating cement on equal footing with metals and ceramics in the current application of mechanism-based models and multiscale simulations to study inelastic deformation and cracking.
Personalized alerts for patients with COPD using pulse oximetry and symptom scores (2014)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive chronic disease, predicted to become the third leading cause of death by 2030. COPD patients are at risk of sudden and acute worsening of symptoms, reducing the patient's quality of life and leading to hospitalization. We present the results of a pilot study with 18 COPD patients using an m-Health system, based on a tablet computer and pulse oximeter, for a period of six months. For prioritizing patients for clinical review, a data-driven approach has been developed which generates personalized alerts using the electronic symptom diary, pulse rate, blood oxygen saturation, and respiratory rate derived from oximetry data. This work examines the advantages of multivariate novelty detection over univariate approaches and shows the benefit of including respiratory rate as a predictor.
Current Industrial Practices in Assessing CYP450 Enzyme Induction: Preclinical and Clinical (2008)

Induction of drug metabolizing enzymes, such as the cytochromes P450 (CYP) is known to cause drug-drug interactions due to increased elimination of co-administered drugs. This increased elimination may lead to significant reduction or complete loss of efficacy of the co-administered drug. Due to the significance of such drug interactions, many pharmaceutical companies employ screening and characterization models which predict CYP enzyme induction to avoid or attenuate the potential for drug interactions with new drug candidates. The most common mechanism of CYP induction is transcriptional gene activation. Activation is mediated by nuclear receptors, such as AhR, CAR, and PXR that function as transcription factors. Early high throughput screening models utilize these nuclear hormone receptors in ligand binding or cell-based transactivation/reporter assays. In addition, immortalized hepatocyte cell lines can be used to assess enzyme induction of specific drug metabolizing enzymes. Cultured primary human hepatocytes, the best established in vitro model for predicting enzyme induction and most accepted by regulatory agencies, is the predominant assay used to evaluate induction of a wide variety of drug metabolizing enzymes. These in vitro models are able to appropriately predict enzyme induction in patients when compared to clinical drug-drug interactions. Finally, transgenic animal models and the cynomolgus monkey have also been shown to recapitulate human enzyme induction and may be appropriate in vivo animal models for predicting human drug interactions.
InP/InGaAs SHBTs with 75 nm collector and <i>f</i> <sub> <i>T</i> </sub> >500 GHz (2003)

InP/InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistors (SHBTs) are fabricated exhibiting current-gain cutoff frequencies, fT of 509 GHz. The 0.35×12 µm2 devices consist of a 25 nm graded base and a 75 nm collector, have a breakdown BVCEO of 2.7 V, and operate at current densities above 1100 kA/cm2. This work demonstrates clear progress toward a THz transistor.
LaBr<sub>3</sub>:Ce and SiPMs for time-of-flight PET: achieving 100 ps coincidence resolving time (2010)

The use of time-of-flight (TOF) information in positron emission tomography (PET) enables significant improvement in image noise properties and, therefore, lesion detection. Silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) are solid-state photosensors that have several advantages over photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). SiPMs are small, essentially transparent to 511 keV gamma rays and insensitive to magnetic fields. This enables novel detector designs aimed at e.g. compactness, high resolution, depth-of-interaction (DOI) correction and MRI compatibility. The goal of the present work is to study the timing performance of SiPMs in combination with LaBr(3):Ce(5%), a relatively new scintillator with promising characteristics for TOF-PET. Measurements were performed with two, bare, 3 mm x 3 mm x 5 mm LaBr(3):Ce(5%) crystals, each coupled to a 3 mm x 3 mm SiPM. Using a (22)Na point source placed at various positions in between the two detectors, a coincidence resolving time (CRT) of approximately 100 ps FWHM for 511 keV annihilation photon pairs was achieved, corresponding to a TOF positioning resolution of approximately 15 mm FWHM. At the same time, pulse height spectra with well-resolved full-energy peaks were obtained. To our knowledge this is the best CRT reported for SiPM-based scintillation detectors to date. It is concluded that SiPM-based scintillation detectors can provide timing resolutions at least as good as detectors based on PMTs.
Silver Nanoparticles Based Ink with Moderate Sintering in Flexible and Printed Electronics (2019)

Printed electronics on flexible substrates has attracted tremendous research interest research thanks its low cost, large area production capability and environmentally friendly advantages. Optimal characteristics of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) based inks are crucial for ink rheology, printing, post-print treatment, and performance of the printed electronics devices. In this review, the methods and mechanisms for obtaining Ag NPs based inks that are highly conductive under moderate sintering conditions are summarized. These characteristics are particularly important when printed on temperature sensitive substrates that cannot withstand sintering of high temperature. Strategies to tailor the protective agents capping on the surface of Ag NPs, in order to optimize the sizes and shapes of Ag NPs as well as to modify the substrate surface, are presented. Different (emerging) sintering technologies are also discussed, including photonic sintering, electrical sintering, plasma sintering, microwave sintering, etc. Finally, applications of the Ag NPs based ink in transparent conductive film (TCF), thin film transistor (TFT), biosensor, radio frequency identification (RFID) antenna, stretchable electronics and their perspectives on flexible and printed electronics are presented.
Lewis Acids:  From Conventional Homogeneous to Green Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis Acids: From Conventional Homogeneous to Green Homogeneous and Heterogeneous CatalysisAvelino Corma and Hermenegildo GarcíaView Author Information Instituto de Tecnología Química CSIC-UPV, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2003, 103, 11, 4307–4366Publication Date (Web):October 23, 2003Publication History Received28 March 2003Published online23 October 2003Published inissue 1 November 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030680zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030680zresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22611Altmetric-Citations968LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Lewis acids,Oxides,Solvents Get e-Alerts
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC STUDY OF SUGAR AND AMINO ACID ABSORPTION BY EVERTED SACS OF HAMSTER INTESTINE (1965)

Autoradiographs were prepared from frozen sections of everted sacs of hamster jejunum which had been incubated in vitro with C(14)- or H(3)-labeled sugars and amino acids. When such tissue was incubated in 1 mM solutions of L-valine or L-methionine, columnar absorptive cells at tips of villi accumulated these amino acids to concentrations ranging from 5 to 50 millimoles per liter of cells. Quantitative data were obtained by microdensitometry of C(14) autoradiographs. Similar, though less striking, results were obtained with the sugars: galactose, 3-0-methylglucose, alpha-methylglucoside, and 6-deoxyglucose. In all cases the marked "step-up" in concentration occurred near the brush border of the cell, and a "step-down" in concentration occurred at the basal pole of the cell. Known inhibitors of intestinal absorption, e.g., phlorizin in the case of sugars, blocked the concentrative step at the luminal border of the absorptive cell. It is inferred from these data that active transport systems for sugars and amino acids reside in the brush border region of the cell. Additional evidence suggests that the basal membrane of the cell may be the site of both a diffusion barrier and a weak transport system directed into the cell.
History of Suction-Type Laminar-Flow Control with Emphasis on Flight Resrearch: Monographs in Aerospace History Number 13 (1999)

The paper contains the following sections: Foreword; Preface; Laminar-Flow Control Concepts and Scope of Monograph; Early Research on Suction-Type Laminar-Flow Control (Research from the 1930s through the War Years; Research from after World War II to the Mid-1960s); Post X-21 Research on Suction-Type Laminar-Flow Control; Status of Laminar-Flow Control Technology in the Mid-1990s; Glossary; Document 1-Aeronautics Panel, AACB, R&D Review, Report of the Subpanel on Aeronautic Energy Conservation/Fuels; Document 2-Report of Review Group on X-21A Laminar Flow Control Program; Document 3-Langley Research Center Announcement, Establishment of Laminar Flow Control Working Group; Document 4-Intercenter Agreement for Laminar Flow Control Leading Edge Glove Flights, LaRC and DFRC; Document 5-Flight Report NLF-144, of AFTIF-111 Aircraft with the TACT Wing Modified by a Natural Laminar Flow Glove; Document 6-Flight Record, F-16XL Supersonic Laminar Flow Control Aircraft; Index; and About the Author.
Quantatitive Assessment of Enzyme Immobilization Capacity in Porous Silicon (2004)

Immobilized enzyme systems are important in a broad range of applications, from biological sensing to the industrial-scale biocatalytic synthesis of chiral products. We demonstrate the ability to systematically vary and quantitatively assess the immobilization capacity of porous silicon thin films for the enzyme glutathione-S-transferase in a manner predicted by a simple geometric model of the porous silicon matrix. We find that the immobilization capacity quantatitively correlates with systematic changes in the device thickness. These results are significant since, despite the wide range over which porous silicon morphology and surface area can be varied, few attempts have been made to systematically characterize surface binding capacity. Our findings suggest that porous silicon can be an ideal matrix, where immobilization of a predictable quantity of biological material is desired.
Effects of titanium dioxide passive film crystal structure, thickness, and crystallinity on C3 adsorption. (1996)

The effects of titanium dioxide passive film crystal structure, thickness, and crystallinity on C3 adsorption from diluted human plasma were measured. Titanium dioxide surfaces created include (1) 70-nm anatase and rutile films comprising a mixture of amorphous and microcrystalline titanium dioxide, (2) 140-nm anatase and rutile films with greater crystallinity than the 70-nm films, (3) 70-nm aged anatase films with approximately the same crystallinity as that of the 140-nm anatase films, (4) sintered anatase and sintered rutile with no underlying metal, representing completely crystalline oxide films of infinite thickness, and (5) electropolished titanium. All combinations of experimental variables of surface type, exposure time, and plasma dilution were replicated four times. Anatase and rutile C3 surface concentrations increased with increased oxide thickness and crystallinity. The 70-nm aged anatase film isotherm more closely matched that of the 140-nm than of the 70-nm film, indicating that some property associated with oxide crystallinity is more influential in C3 adsorption than properties associated with oxide thickness alone. Concentrations of C3 were equal for equivalent anatase and rutile surfaces, except at high plasma concentrations and long exposure times, in which more C3 was adsorbed to anatase, suggesting that crystal structure may not be a significant controlling factor.
A new MOSFET-C universal filter structure for VLSI (1987)

A new continuous-time all-MOS universal filter structure is proposed. The new structure is based on the MOSFET-C design approach. It achieves complete MOS nonlinearity cancellation and does not require the use of fully-balanced op-amps.
Neural Network Language Modeling with Letter-Based Features and Importance Sampling (2018)

In this paper we describe an extension of the Kaldi software toolkit to support neural-based language modeling, intended for use in automatic speech recognition (ASR) and related tasks. We combine the use of subword features (letter n-grams) and one-hot encoding of frequent words so that the models can handle large vocabularies containing infrequent words. We propose a new objective function that allows for training of unnormalized probabilities. An importance sampling based method is supported to speed up training when the vocabulary is large. Experimental results on five corpora show that Kaldi-RNNLM rivals other recurrent neural network language model toolkits both on performance and training speed.
Escalating Privileges in Linux Using Voltage Fault Injection (2017)

Today's standard embedded device technology is not robust against Fault Injection (FI) attacks such as Voltage Fault Injection (V-FI). FI attacks can be used to alter the intended behavior of software and hardware of embedded devices. Most FI research focuses on breaking the implementation of cryptographic algorithms. However, this paper's contribution is in showing that FI attacks are effective at altering the intended behavior of large and complex code bases like the Linux Operating System (OS) when executed by a fast and feature rich System-on-Chip (SoC). More specifically, we show three attacks where full control of the Linux OS is achieved from an unprivileged context using V-FI. These attacks target standard Linux OS functionality and operate in absence of any logical vulnerability. We assume an attacker that already achieved unprivileged code execution. The practicality of the attacks is demonstrated using a commercially available V-FI test bench and a commercially available ARM CortexA9 SoC development board. Finally, we discuss mitigations to lower probability and minimize impact of a successful FI attack on complex systems like the Linux OS.