gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impact of MS Velocity on the Performance of Frequency Selective Scheduling in IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMAX (2010)

The OTA performance of Frequency Selective Scheduling (WiMAX Band AMC mode) is compared with that of Frequency Diverse Scheduling (WiMAX PUSC mode) as MS velocity is increased for Mobile WiMAX 802.16e. Frequency Selective Scheduling is shown to outperform Frequency Diverse Scheduling for velocities less than 15km/h and demonstrates upto 50% gain in throughput over the latter. The practical implications of this margin are: that pedestrian MSs in urban deployments may leverage the benefits of fast fading for performance gains without risk. And scheduler implementations can benefit from opportunistic switching between the two schemes given appropriate differentiating inputs.
Image Denoising for Signal-Dependent Noise (2006)

In this paper, we present a method for removing noise from digital images corrupted with additive, multiplicative, and mixed noise. An image patch from an ideal image is modeled as a linear combination of image patches from the noisy image. We propose to fit this image model to the real-world image data in the total least square (TLS) sense, because the TLS formulation allows us to take into account the uncertainties in the measured data. We develop a method to reduce the contribution from the irrelevant image patches, which will sharpen the edges and reduce edge artifacts at the same time. Although the proposed algorithm is computationally demanding, the image quality of the output image demonstrates the effectiveness of the TLS algorithms.
Circadian Rhythmometry of Serum Interleukin-2, Interleukin-10, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Men (1995)

Serum levels of four cytokines [tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-2 (IL-2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and interleukin-10 (IL-10)] were measured in nine diurnally active healthy adult male subjects at 3-h intervals during a 24-h period. Statistical evaluation by analysis of variance and/or the least- squares fit of a cosine model revealed significant 24-h rhythms for each cytokine. Although the amount of IL-2 in the serum was low, the levels fluctuated to form a single peak at approximately noon. In contrast, the other three cytokines exhibited a biphasic temporal pattern. In subjects with detectable TNF-alpha levels, the first peak occurred at 07:30 and the second at 13:30. IL-10 levels also exhibited a biphasic pattern, with one peak at 07:30 and the second 12 h later at 19:30. GM-CSF levels were last to rise, first peaking at approximately 13:30 and then again at 19:30. These results suggest temporal patterns that are unique for each cytokine, generally with daytime highs and nighttime lows.
SHP‐2 Phosphatase Prevents Colonic Inflammation by Controlling Secretory Cell Differentiation and Maintaining Host‐Microbiota Homeostasis (2016)

Polymorphisms in the PTPN11 gene encoding for the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 were described in patients with ulcerative colitis. We have recently demonstrated that mice with an intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of SHP-2 (SHP-2(IEC-KO) ) develop severe colitis 1 month after birth. However, the mechanisms by which SHP-2 deletion induces colonic inflammation remain to be elucidated. We generated SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice lacking Myd88 exclusively in the intestinal epithelium. The colonic phenotype was histologically analyzed and cell differentiation was determined by electron microscopy and lysozyme or Alcian blue staining. Microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S sequencing. Results show that innate defense genes including those specific to Paneth cells were strongly up-regulated in SHP-2-deficient colons. Expansion of intermediate cells (common progenitors of the Goblet and Paneth cell lineages) was found in the colon of SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice whereas Goblet cell number was clearly diminished. These alterations in Goblet/intermediate cell ratio were noticed 2 weeks after birth, before the onset of inflammation and were associated with significant alterations in microbiota composition. Indeed, an increase in Enterobacteriaceae and a decrease in Firmicutes were observed in the colon of these mice, indicating that dysbiosis also occurred prior to inflammation. Importantly, loss of epithelial Myd88 expression inhibited colitis development in SHP-2(IEC-KO) mice, rescued Goblet/intermediate cell ratio, and prevented NFκB hyperactivation and inflammation. These data indicate that SHP-2 is functionally important for the maintenance of appropriate barrier function and host-microbiota homeostasis in the large intestine. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2529-2540, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Physiology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A single-packet method for adaptive maximum likelihood CCI identification and mitigation (2003)

Joint modeling and detection of a narrow-band digitally-modulated signal and co-channel interference (CCI) signals is considered. A PSP-based algorithm that is compatible with array measurements is described and shown to efficiently detect the desired user's data while tracking the time-varying intersymbol interference (ISI) channels of the intended user and all CCI users. This algorithm yields improvements in CCI-rejection of approximately 18 dB relative to traditional approaches (i.e., ignoring the CCI) with only a single antenna. An algorithm to estimate the number of CCI signals present and their time spans is also developed. This algorithm, based on ML estimation and the minimum description length (MDL) principle, is shown to correctly identify the CCI environment with high reliability using the training information available in a single TDMA packet.
[Synthesis and pharmacologic activity of 3-quinolizidine-1'-yl-5-R-indoles]. (1988)

By acid action on the mixture of homolupinal diethylacetal and arylhydrazines several 3-quinolizidin-1'-yl-5-R-indoles (III a - III e) were prepared. The homolupinal diethylacetal, whose hydrolysis gives rise to the unknown aldehyde, was obtained through the action of lupinylmagnesium chloride on diethylphenylorthoformate. Compounds (III) were subjected to wide pharmacological screening; all of them exhibited calcium blocking, negative cardioinotropic and diuretic activities, while single compounds showed antiinflammatory (III d), anticonvulsant and hypoglycemic (III e) activities.
Mean Free Path Effects on the Current Perpendicular to the Plane Magnetoresistance of Magnetic Multilayers (2000)

We have carried out an experimental and theoretical study of the magnetoresistance MR(H) in the CPP (current perpendicular to the planes) mode for two types of magnetic multilayers that differ only in the ordering of the magnetic layers: [Co(10 A)/Cu(200 A)/Co(60 A)/Cu(200 A)](N) and [Co(10 A)/Cu(200 A)](N)[Co(60 A)/Cu(200 A)](N). The series resistor model predicts that in the CPP mode MR(H) is independent of the ordering of the layers. Nevertheless, the measured MR(H) curves were found to be completely different for the two cases. Calculations based on a realistic band structure and the Kubo formula show that the results are a consequence of a long mean free path.
An omegatron mass spectrometer for plasma ion species analysis (1990)

An omegatron mass spectrometer which can be used to measure the ion species and charge state distribution in a magnetized plasma is described. In the conventional omegatron, ions are formed as the result of gas ionization by a fine electron beam passing through the center of the analyzer along the magnetic field. In the plasma omegatron, the plasma ions are entering the analyzer through a small floating aperture. We employ a biasing technique to reduce the ion velocity along the magnetic field and, thus, achieve improved ion collection and sensitivity. Experiments have been performed to demonstrate the instrument’s operation in the PISCES-A linear plasma device, at a magnetic field B=1.3 kG. Mass spectra have been obtained in hydrogen, helium, and nitrogen plasmas, and typical results are presented.
Compatible design of CCMP and OCB AES cipher for wireless LAN security (2004)

We propose a compatible design of CCMP and OCB AES cipher for wireless LAN. IEEE 802.11i defines the AES-based cipher system, which is operated in CCMP mode or in OCB mode. Our design supports both modes of operation. The implemented OCB and CCMP feature 40 Mbps and 243 Mbps throughput, respectively, at 50 MHz frequency, and are targeted to a Xilinx Vertex FPGA device.
gld-1, a tumor suppressor gene required for oocyte development in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1995)

We have characterized 31 mutations in the gld-1 (defective in germline development) gene of Caenorhabditis elegans. In gld-1 (null) hermaphrodites, oogenesis is abolished and a germline tumor forms where oocyte development would normally occur. By contrast, gld-1 (null) males are unaffected. The hermaphrodite germline tumor appears to derive from germ cells that enter the meiotic pathway normally but then exit pachytene and return to the mitotic cycle. Certain gld-1 partial loss-of-function mutations also abolish oogenesis, but germ cells arrest in pachytene rather than returning to mitosis. Our results indicate that gld-1 is a tumor suppressor gene required for oocyte development. The tumorous phenotype suggests that gld-1(+) may function to negatively regulate proliferation during meiotic prophase and/or act to direct progression through meiotic prophase. We also show that gld-1(+) has an additional nonessential role in germline sex determination: promotion of hermaphrodite spermatogenesis. This function of gld-1 is inferred from a haplo-insufficient phenotype and from the properties of gain-of-function gld-1 mutations that cause alterations in the sexual identity of germ cells.
Generalized CRLB for DA and NDA Synchronization of UWB Signals with Clock Offset (2007)

In this paper the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of an ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) signal with time hopping (TH) code is derived for the practical case where there is an initial unknown relative clock offset between the transmitter and receiver. However, it is assumed that there is a priori information about the probability density function of clock offset. CRLB expressions are developed for both the data- aided (DA) case with an assumed deterministic pilot for synchronization and for the non data-aided (NDA) case based on blind synchronization. It is shown that the influence of the unknown clock offset on the synchronization performance becomes negligible as the number of multipath components increases emphasizing an advantage in UWB links where the multipath is typically rich. Another observation made is that as the SNR decreases, the difference in the CRLB for the NDA and DA cases increases emphasizing the significance of a pilot. Having a priori information helps to achieve a lower CRLB for the timing or clock offset estimation. This improvement is significant in the case of NDA. Finally at very low SNR CRLB of the clock offset converges to the variance of clock offset based on only a priori information.
Physical properties of polymer electrolytes: nuclear magnetic resonance investigation and comparison with (1996)

The physical properties of the ionic conductor [Formula: see text], obtained by dissolution of lithium trifluoromethanesulphonylimide in poly(propylene oxide), have been investigated for several values of n. The glass transition temperature [Formula: see text] has been established from both DSC and NMR techniques. The diffusion coefficients of [Formula: see text]-containing species have been determined by the pulsed magnetic field gradient technique. The behaviour of the proton relaxation time [Formula: see text] versus temperature and concentration has been correlated to the glass temperature. The behaviour of the proton transverse relaxation function, obtained by the spin-echo technique, has been interpreted using a simple model in which two regimes and consequently two transverse relaxation times coexist and are assigned to the `entangled' and `non-entangled' parts of the high-molecular-weight polymer chains investigated.
Ocean Shipping and the New Law of the Sea: Toward a More Regulatory Regime (1986)

INTRODUCTION The main purpose of the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) was to draft a new Law of the Sea regime benefiting most users of the oceans. This gigantic effort, however, resulted in the virtual neglect of one of the most traditional of ocean uses-maritime transport. During its many sessions, the Conference discussed questions related to ships' use of ocean space, such as transit and passage rights, as well as the controls that coastal states may exert over shipping in order to preserve their marine envi- ronment. However, these discussions seemed to focus
Losing Consciousness: Automatic Influences on Consumer Judgment, Behavior, and Motivation (2002)

Consumer research has largely missed out on two key developments in social cognition research: the growing evidence that much of social judgment and behavior occur without conscious awareness or intent and the substantial moderating influence of social- and self-related goal pursuits on basic cognitive and reasoning processes. This evidence is described and its implications are drawn for nonconscious--including subliminal--influences on consumer behavior. The consumer research domain appears ideal for the necessary next wave of this research: the assessment of how much of a role nonconscious influences play in real life in decisions and behavior that are of real consequence to the individual. Copyright 2002 by the University of Chicago.
ComposAR: An intuitive tool for authoring AR applications (2008)

This paper introduces ComposAR, a tool to allow a wide audience to author AR and MR applications. It is unique in that it supports both visual programming and interpretive scripting, and an immediate mode for runtime testing. ComposAR is written in Python which means the user interface and runtime behavior can be easily customized and third-party modules can be incorporated into the authoring environment. We describe the design philosophy and the resulting user interface, lessons learned and directions for future research.
Covalent crosslinks introduced via a triple helix-forming oligonucleotide coupled to psoralen are inefficiently repaired (1999)

Triple helix-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) represent potentially powerful tools to artificially modulate gene activity. In particular, they can be used to specifically introduce a lesion into a selected target sequence: interstrand crosslinks and monoadducts can be introduced via TFOs coupled to psoralen. The efficiency of these strategies depends on the cell ability to repair these lesions, an issue which is still controversial. Here we show, using psoralen-coupled TFOs and the yeast as a convenient cellular test system, that interstrand crosslinks are quantitatively poorly repaired, resulting in an efficient modification of target gene activity. In addition, these lesions result in the introduction of mutations in a high proportion of cells. We show that these mutations are generated by the Error-Prone Repair pathway, alone or in combination with Nucleotide Excision Repair. Taken together, these results suggest that TFOs coupled to psoralen could be used to inactivate a gene with significant efficiency.
Network motif-based identification of transcription factor-target gene relationships by integrating multi-source biological data (2008)

The major contribution of this study is the development of a computational framework to assist the inference of TRN by integrating heterogeneous data from multiple sources and by decomposing a TRN into NM-based modules. The inference capability of the proposed framework is verified statistically (e.g., LOOCV) and biologically (e.g., GSEA, BSEA, and literature validation). The proposed framework is useful for inferring small NM-based modules of TF-target gene relationships that can serve as a basis for generating new testable hypotheses.
Prospects for therapeutic vaccination with glatiramer acetate for neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (2002)

Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, whatever their primary causes, are characterized by certain common features, one of which is their self‐perpetuating nature. The ongoing progression of the disorder is due to the effects of destructive self‐compounds, whose presence in the tissues is an outcome of the early phase of the disease and which gradually destroy remaining functional neurons. Studies in our laboratory have led to the recent formulation of a novel concept of protective autoimmunity as the body's mechanism of defense against these destructive self‐compounds. This autoimmune response to central nervous system (CNS) insults is mediated by T‐cells and presumably operates by activating and regulating local microglia and infiltrating macrophages (inflammatory response) to carry out their function of clearing destructive material from the tissue at risk. We suggest that a well‐controlled autoimmunity counteracts and overcomes the destructive effects of the potentially harmful self‐compounds, at the cost of some loss of tissue. An additional risk to the individual is the induction of an autoimmune disease, which is likely to occur if the autoimmune response is malfunctioning. An optimal balance of the various factors will lead to an outcome of maximal benefit at minimal cost to the tissue. A procedure for safely boosting the autoimmune response, by vaccination with a weak self‐crossreactive antigen such as glatiramer acetate (also known as Cop‐1) was found to protect rats from glutamate toxicity, a major mediator of the spread of damage and a well‐known causative factor in neurodegenerative disorders. Cop‐1, when administered according to a different regimen, is an FDA‐approved drug for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. Different formulations of the same drug can therefore be used to treat two extreme manifestations of chronic degenerative diseases of the CNS. Drug Dev. Res. 56:143–149, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal Degradation of HfSiON Dielectrics Caused by TiN Gate Electrodes and Its Impact on Electrical Properties (2006)

We studied thermal reactions in TiN/HfSiON gate stacks and discussed their impact on electrical properties. Physical analysis revealed that reactions at the metal/high-k interface form a polycrystalline TiO2 layer at 700 °C. The interface between the TiN electrode and the ultrathin TiO2 interlayer remained smooth and the formation of this high-permittivity metal oxide layer did not cause any electrical degradation in terms of equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) versus gate leakage (Ig) characteristics. However, interface roughness and electrical degradation, such as increases in electrical thickness and interface-trap density, were present after annealing at 900 °C. At 1100 °C, we observed marked increases in EOT and Ig, which respectively indicated oxide (SiO2) growth at the bottom interface and dielectric degradation both of the interface TiO2 and HfSiON layers.
Optic nerve circulation and ocular pressure: contribution of central retinal artery and short posterior ciliary arteries and the effect on oxygen tension. (1975)

Blood-flow rate in the optic nerve of the rhesus monkey 4 mm. behind the globe monitored by the heated thermocouple and tissue p02 measurement is found to be influenced by ocular pressure level. Ligation of central retinal artery reduced flow rate to 79 per cent of normal but did not influence the effect of IOP on blood-flow rate. Ligation of short posterior ciliary arteries reduced blood-flow rate to 21 per cent of normal and virtually eliminated the IOP effect. Raising IOP to above systolic arterial pressure level reduced blood-flow rate to 17 per cent of normal. At IOP levels greater than 50 mm. Hg, the reduction in blood-flow rate and in Po becomes marked and may be sufficient to produce primary lesions at this site.
Verbrückte Tetraphenylen‐Systeme (1977)

Abstract Die Verbrückung von Tetraphenylen (1) mit 1 bis 4 Carbonyl‐ oder Methylengruppen führt zu den neuartigen Polycyclen 3–6 und 20–24 . Umsetzung des doppelt verbrückten Tetraphenylens 6 mit zwei Äquivalenten Butyllithium liefert das violettblaue Dianion 30 , das nach Umsetzung mit Methyliodid als 4,11‐Dimethyl‐4,11‐dihydrodicyclopenta[ def,pqr ]tetraphenylen (31) abgefangen werden kann.
The pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthesis pathway revisited: A structural approach (2008)

PQQ is derived from the two amino acids glutamate and tyrosine encoded in the precursor peptide PqqA. Five reactions are necessary to form this quinone cofactor. The PqqA peptide is recognised by PqqE, which links the C9 and C9a, afterwards it is accepted by PqqF which cuts out the linked amino acids. The next reaction (Schiff base) is spontaneous, the following dioxygenation is catalysed by an unknown enzyme. The last cyclization and oxidation steps are catalysed by PqqC. Taken together the known facts of the different proteins we assign a putative function to all six proteins in PQQ biosynthesis pathway.
Prophylactic Effect of Antivaccinia Gamma-Globulin Against Post-Vaccinal Encephalitis (2015)

In the Netherlands, the frequency of encephalitis after smallpox vaccination is estimated to be 1 in 4000 primary vaccinations in adults and 1 in 50 000 revaccinations. Since immunity seems to reduce the frequency of this complication, it was thought that it might be possible to prevent post-vaccinal encephalitis by a combination of passive and active immunization, a basic immunity being obtainable without risk by the injection of antivaccinia gamma-globulin (AGG). This theory was tested in Dutch military recruits in a double-blind experiment. At the time of primary vaccination the recruits were given an injection in the other arm, either of 2 ml of 16% AGG (treated group) or of 2 ml of placebo solution (control group).It appeared that administration of AGG had a prophylactic effect, since only 3 cases of post-vaccinal encephalitis occurred among the 53 630 recruits in the treated group, as compared with 13 among the 53 044 recruits in the control group. The difference of 10 is significant. The best estimate of the reduction in the frequency brought about by injection of 2 ml of 16% AGG is 77%; the lower limit of this reduction is 29%.The administration of 2 ml of 16% AGG did not interfere with the development of active immunity.