gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced BiCMOS technology for high speed VLSI (1986)

This paper describes the high performance BiCMOS (Hi-BiCMOS) device technology and discusses the scalability to sub-micron. As the device structure is scaled down from 2 µm to 1.3 µm, BiCMOS circuit performance is improved by the factor of the scaling. By further scale down to 0.8 µm, a 0.27 ns gate delay in BiCMOS gate and 5.5 ns access time of 64kbit BiCNOS ECL RAN are expected.
Theoretical model for a thin cylindrical film optical fiber fluorosensor (1992)

<i></i>The behavior of the power efficiency, <i>P</i><sub>eff</sub>, of an optical fiber with a thin-film source distributed in the core/cladding interlace is analyzed. The expressions derived make use of the exact field solution of a cylindrical fiber, whereas previous work has made use of the weakly guiding approximation. Although more complicated and harder to interpret, the formulas presented allow the analysis of the power injection efficiency of fibers with arbitrary differences in indices of refraction. The results obtained are relevant to the design of more efficient optical fiber fluorosensors. In this work, some results using the weakly guiding approximation were confirmed. However, in contrast to the weakly guiding work, we have found that Peft does not always increase with the <i>V</i> number. It was found that P<sub>eff</sub> always increases with the difference in the indices of refraction, <i>n</i><sub>core</sub> - <i>n</i><sub>clad</sub>, and varies only slightly with the wavelength, λ, and the fiber core radius, <i>a</i>. Finally, by varying <i>a</i> and λ in such a way as to make their ratio, <i>a</i>/λ, constant, it was found that P<sub>eff</sub> is also constant. This indicates that <i>a</i>/λ is a new independent variable.
Multiple time-scale coordinated power control system to accommodate significant wind power penetration and its real application (2012)

To accommodates large scale wind power integration, a multi-time scale coordinated automatic power dispatching system is developed in this paper. In this system, an approach of ‘incremental refinement in sequence time scale’ is proposed according to the predicting precision of wind power in different time scales. Firstly, the framework of this system is introduced. Secondly, the methods to predict the generation demand trend are proposed including ideal generation output model, extended short-term forecasting and ultra-short-term forecasting. Thirdly, the online rolling power scheduling model is presented, which runs every half hour ahead. Fourthly, the real-time power dispatching model is discussed, which is used to balance the power in 10 minutes ahead. Fifthly, a real-time control method under wind-curtailed status is also proposed, which is activated while wind power is curtailed. In the last, some actual data from an on-site system is illustrated.
Beta-carotene inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. (2009)

beta-carotene inhibits oxidant-mediated activation of inflammatory signaling and suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in gastric epithelial AGS cells infected with H. pylori.
Isolation of a 48.5-kDa Membrane Protein from Pseudomonas maltophilia which Exhibits Immunologic Cross-Reaction to the β-Subunit of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin* (1991)

In separate studies we have shown that Pseudomonas maltophilia (American Type Culture Collection 13637) possesses an immunoglobulin Fc-binding protein. We have found that this protein prevents the application of immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies to study possible production of a CG-like material by this bacteria. Employing an immunoglobulin saturation technique to block this protein as well as a zwitterion detergent membrane solubilization technique, we now report the isolation of a membrane protein from Pseudomonas maltophilia which shows immunological relationships to the beta-subunit and carboxyl tail of human pregnancy CG. This pseudomonas immunoreactive material produced dose-response curves in the following CG immunoassays: 1) a polyclonal rabbit anti-CG equilibrium assay, 2) carboxyl tail CG equilibrium assay, and 3) two CG equilibrium assays using monoclonal antibodies. The pseudomonas CG-like protein did not react in equilibrium assays for human TSH, human LH, or free alpha-subunit of CG. The pseudomonas CG-like protein was purified by affinity chromatography. The purified protein showed only 0.25% cross-reaction with pregnancy CG in the monoclonal antibody equilibrium assays. Furthermore, the purified protein showed no binding to rat testicular CG/LH receptors, but showed avid binding to the pseudomonas CG-binding protein previously described by Richert and Ryan. The pseudomonas protein showed no binding to Concanavalin-A, which avidly binds pregnancy CG. When assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, this protein had a mol wt of 48,500 daltons, which is larger than the mol wt of the unglycosylated beta-subunit of pregnancy CG. We conclude that pseudomonas contain a protein that has partial homology to the beta-subunit of pregnancy CG. This material does not bind to mammalian CG receptors, but does bind to a pseudomonas CG-binding site. The latter suggests it has a function, as yet unknown, in pseudomonas.
Usefulness of an Intraoperative Electrophysiological Navigator System for Subthalamic Nucleus Surgery in Parkinson’s Disease (2005)

The intraoperative computerized navigation system can aid the surgical team in better identifying the neuronal signal and in defining the optimal track to achieve the target.
Las mujeres en la Edad Media: creación y representación (2003)

Actas del Decimo Coloquio Internacional de la Asociacion Espanola de Investigacion de Historia de las Mujeres (AEIHM) celebrado del 17 al 19 de abril de 2002 en la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid
Zero latency synchronizers using four and two phase protocols (2007)

Synchronizers typically incur long latency of multiple clock cycles, resulting in low throughput. This work presents a number of novel fast synchronizers, based on four and two-phase protocols: a four and two-phase two-flop synchronizer which reduces the data cycle from 6-12 down to 2-4 clock cycles, and a four- and two-phase LDL synchronizer which strives for maximum throughput and zerolatency, namely data transfers that incur no extra penalty due to synchronization. These synchronizers are useful for data transfers over long interconnects. Simulations of best- and worst-case scenarios are presented which demonstrate the improved performance of the novel synchronizers. The results are compared to two-clock FIFO and to conventional two-flop synchronizers.
Differential expression of the ras gene family in mice. (1987)

We compared the expression of the ras gene family (H-ras, K-ras, and N-ras) in adult mouse tissues and during development. We found substantial variations in expression among different organs and in the amounts of the different transcripts originating from each gene, especially for the N-ras gene. The expression patterns were consistent with the reported preferential tissue activation of ras genes and suggested different cellular functions for each of the ras genes.
Noise compensation methods for hidden Markov model speech recognition in adverse environments (1997)

Several noise compensation schemes for speech recognition in impulsive and nonimpulsive noise are considered. The noise compensation schemes are spectral subtraction, HMM-based Wiener (1949) filters, noise-adaptive HMMs, and a front-end impulsive noise removal. The use of the cepstral-time matrix as an improved speech feature set is explored, and the noise compensation methods are extended for use with cepstral-time features. Experimental evaluations, on a spoken digit database, in the presence of ear noise, helicopter noise, and impulsive noise, demonstrate that the noise compensation methods achieve substantial improvement in recognition across a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios. The results also show that the cepstral-time matrix is more robust than a vector of identical size, which is composed of a combination of cepstral and differential cepstral features.
Results from the first use of microstrip gas chambers in a high energy physics experiment (2002)

Summary form only given. Microstrip gas chambers have been used for the first time in a fixed target experiment at the CERN SPS (NA-12). A forward magnetic spectrometer made of eight planes of microstrip chambers (10/sup 3/ analog channels) has been operated in a high-intensity proton beam (10/sup 7/ particles/burst). A 0.1% momentum resolution at 450 GeV has been measured.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conversion of Perhydropolysilazane into a SiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Network Triggered by Vacuum Ultraviolet Irradiation: Access to Flexible, Transparent Barrier Coatings (2007)

The photochemical conversion of 200-500 nm layers of perhydropolysilazane --(SiH2-NH)n-- (PHPS) in the presence of oxygen into an SiOx network was studied. Different UV sources in the wavelength range of 160-240 nm, that is, 172 nm Xe2* and 222 nm KrCl* excimer, and 185 nm Hg low-pressure (HgLP) lamps were used for these purposes. The role of both ozone and O(1D) as well as of catalytic amounts of tertiary amines in the degradation process of PHPS and the formation of SiOx were studied. In this context, the kinetics of the entire reaction were elucidated and allowed both a continuous and discontinuous process to be established for the production of fully transparent, flexible barrier coatings. Barrier improvement factors (BIFs) of 400 were achieved with one single layer on 23 microm poly(ethyleneterephthalate) (PET), which translated into oxygen transmission rates (OTRs) of 0.20 cm3 m(-2) day(-1) bar(-1). Double layers prepared by this technique allowed the realization of OTRs of <or=0.1 cm3 m(-2) day(-1) bar(-1), corresponding to BIFs of >or=800.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND β‐LACTAMASE INHIBITORY PROPERTIES OF 2β‐(CHLOROMETHYL)‐2α‐METHYLPENAM‐3α‐CARBOXYLIC ACID 1,1‐DIOXIDE (1982)

Abstract Aus dem Bromid (I) erhält man über das Sulfoxid (II) und die Chlormethylverbindung (III) das Chlormethyl‐sulfoxid (IV), das in die im Titel genannte Verbindung (V) umgewandelt wird.
System Decomposition, Partitioning, and Integration for Microelectronics (1968)

The process of determining what should be in an electronic package or on an LSI slice is considered a partitioning problem with a set of constraints. An approach to system decomposition and partitioning is established from the viewpoint of minimizing external signal lines by minimizing the number of pins per set of packages, which will improve reliability and performance and reduce cost. Applications of combinatorial analysis and signal graph theory to partition a group of circuits are illustrated. System partitioning levels are identified as complexity levels. A partitioning procedure is given for use at any complexity level, and equations are provided for counting the possible number of partitions. A combinatorial technique is developed to count the number of pins per package. System integration is considered here to be the process of converting interconnections of circuits and elements to intraconnections of function blocks. An integration factor concept, based on the number of signal lines and required pins per package, is introduced. The integration factor is used to ascertain tradeoffs and compromises of possible partitions and integration techniques. The rules given provide an analytic method for solving some of the problems of system design.
Some two-transistor circuits possess more than three operating points (2003)

It has long been held that no more than three operating points can be possessed by any two-transistor circuit. This belief is based on a result proved for bipolar transistors that has been assumed to hold for field-effect transistors as well. In this paper a counterexample is given: A simple circuit containing two MOSFETs with realistic models that possesses five operating points is presented. The existence of such a circuit is justified by showing how the result mentioned above breaks down in the case of FETs.
Preparation of LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> powders via spray pyrolysis and fluidized bed hybrid system (2006)

Abstract A novel technique has been developed to directly produce fine ceramic powders from liquid solution using a spray pyrolysis and fluidized bed hybrid system. Using this technique, the preparation of lithium manganese oxides LiMn 2 O 4 , which are the most promising cathode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, has been carried out for various superficial gas velocities U 0 = 0.30‐0.91 m/s, static bed heights L s = 50‐150 mm, and medium particle sizes d pm,g = 294‐498 μm. The resulting powders had spherical nanostructured particles that comprised primary particles with a few tens of nanometer in size, and they exhibited a pure cubic spinel structure without any impurities in the XRD patterns. Moreover, the as‐prepared powders showed better crystallinity and smaller specific surface area than those by conventional spray pyrolysis. The effects of process parameters on powder properties, such as specific surface area and crystallinity, were investigated for a wide range of superficial gas velocities and static bed heights. An as‐prepared sample was used as cathode active materials for lithium‐ion batteries and the cell performance has been investigated. Test experiments in the electrochemical cell Li/1M LiClO 4 in PC/LiMn 2 O 4 demonstrated that the sample prepared by the present technique was superior to that by the conventional spray pyrolysis and solid‐state reaction method. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Improving the Method of Hydrocarbon Analysis (1981)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurements of hydrocarbon compounds in automotive exhaust gas with the current instrumentation are not accurate. Systematic errors up to 20 per cent can be observed. The pertinent regulations, furthermore, contain insufficient specifications of the instruments. A research project aimed at a definition of standardized data, to decrease the measuring errors of hydrocarbon analyzers by one order of magnitude. By detailed investigations of the functional parts and of the working parameters of the instruments the flame ionisation detectors were to be improved. The systematic errors caused by hydrocarbon structures or by a different oxygen content of the gas sample could be reduced to approximately two per cent on a prototype analyzer. Standardized data were derived for future legislation and future development of instruments.</div>
Knowledge Text Classification Based on Virtual Category Tree (2019)

The existing multi-layer classification methods often learn the sample data repeatedly with a top-down classification model. To solve the problem, this paper developed a multi-layer text classification method based on Virtual Category tree (VC tree). The classifier was designed in a bottom-up manner, aiming to reduce the repetition and time of sample learning. In the topdown classification, the similarity between the preprocessed document vector and the associated classifier was calculated, and the maximum similarity was selected to determine the category of the document, and then the document was directly attributed to the leaf node. The experimental results showed that the proposed method outperformed the support vector machine (SVM)-based classification and saved the time of text classification.
Inverse design and demonstration of an ultracompact broadband dual-mode 3 dB power splitter (2018)

An ultracompact broadband dual-mode 3 dB power splitter using inverse design method for highly integrated on-chip mode (de) multiplexing system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. A dual-mode convertor based on subwavelength axisymmetric three-branch waveguide is utilized to convert TE<sub>0</sub> and TE<sub>1</sub> to three intermediate fundamental modes. The axisymmetric topology constraint of the nanostructures enables the optimized device to achieve a strict 50:50 splitting ratio over a broad wavelength range from 1.52 to 1.60 µm. The fabricated device occupied a compact footprint of only 2.88 µm × 2.88 µm. The measured average excess losses and crosstalks for both modes were respectively less than 1.5 dB and -20 dB from 1.52 to 1.58 µm for both TE<sub>0</sub> and TE<sub>1</sub>, which are consistent with the numerical simulations.
MntR modulates expression of the PerR regulon and superoxide resistance in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> through control of manganese uptake (2002)

The Staphylococcus aureus DtxR-like protein, MntR, controls expression of the mntABC and mntH genes, which encode putative manganese transporters. Mutation of mntABC produced a growth defect in metal-depleted medium and increased sensitivity to intracellularly generated superoxide radicals. These phenotypes resulted from diminished uptake of manganese and were rescued by the addition of excess Mn(II). Resistance to superoxide was incompletely rescued by Mn(II) for STE035 (mntA mntH), and the strain had reduced virulence in a murine abscess model of infection. Expression of mntABC was repressed by Mn(II) in an MntR-dependent manner, which contrasts with the expression of mntH that was not repressed in elevated Mn(II) and was decreased in an mntR mutant. This demonstrates that MntR acts as a negative and positive regulator of these loci respectively. PerR, the peroxide resistance regulon repressor, acts with MntR to control the expression of mntABC and manganese uptake. The expression of the PerR-regulated genes, katA (catalase), ftn (ferritin) and fur (ferric uptake regulator), was diminished in STE031 (mntR) when grown in excess Mn(II). Therefore, the control of Mn(II)-regulated members of the PerR regulon and the Fur protein is modulated by MntR through its control of Mn(II) uptake. The co-ordinated regulation of metal ion homeostasis and oxidative stress resistance via the regulators MntR, PerR and Fur of S. aureus is discussed.
A comparative study of the optical pulsations in the intermediate polars (1996)

An attempt is made to assemble all known published measurements of the optical spectrum of the pulsations in the intermediate polar stars, and to convert these measurements to an absolute flux scale for the purpose of examining similarities and correlations among this class of cataclysmic variables. By using only absolute amplitudes (not relative or fractional amplitudes), we may investigate the intrinsic nature of the pulsations. For all systems studied, a power law is able to provide a good fit to the pulse spectrum. With the exception of DQ Her itself, all the pulses are intrinsically blue, generally declining monotonically with wavelength. We find no universal features common to all systems, nor do we find any strong correlations. For some systems a blackbody can adequately fit the data, and from these fits we derive estimates for the temperatures and areas of the pulse-emitting region. For the two cases where data are available, the sideband pulse spectra are flatter in their energy distribution than the spin pulse spectra, lending credibility to the belief that they are the result of reprocessing. Although not a sideband pulse, the pulse in DQ Her itself does come from reprocessing, and from our blackbody fit we estimate that between 6 and 23 per cent of the disc area is involved in the reprocessing. We speculate that in many of the intermediate polars, optically thin emission should be able to provide a good fit to the pulse spectrum; indeed, for those spectra whose slope is bluer than the Rayleigh—Jeans slope, this is the only simple and plausible emission mechanism.
Substitution of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate by di(isononyl) cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate as a plasticizer for industrial vinyl plastisol formulations (2007)

Abstract The use of plasticizers with low environmental impact is one of the most interesting research fields in the plasticizer additives industry because of the possible toxicity of o ‐phthalates. Among the wide variety of new plasticizers, it is important to note the use of di(isononyl) cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate (DINCH), which shows a structure similar to the most commonly used o ‐phthalates, that is, diisononyl phthalate and di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). It is necessary to evaluate the processing conditions (temperature and curing time) regarding the mechanical properties to study the possibilities for substituting conventional plasticizers and to determine whether changes in the processing conditions are needed for use in industrial applications. In this work, we carried out a comparative study of the optimum curing conditions and mechanical performance of DEHP and DINCH as plasticizers. The obtained results show that the viscosities of DINCH and DEHP‐based plastisols were similar. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of the flexible poly(vinyl chloride) obtained from DINCH‐based plastisols were very interesting for industrial applications. All of this favored the substitution of DEHP by DINCH as plasticizer for flexible poly‐ (vinyl chloride). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1215–1220, 2007
Characteristics of a two-site immunoradiometric assay for human skeletal alkaline phosphatase in serum (1994)

This two-site IRMA includes specific monoclonal antibodies for measuring skeletal alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) in human serum. Assay calibration is based on mass units (micrograms per liter) and was established with purified B-ALP from a human osteosarcoma cell line, SAOS-2. Precision studies demonstrated intra- and interassay CVs of 3-5% and 5-7%, respectively. Relative reactivity studies showed that the assay has a sevenfold preference for detecting B-ALP compared with the liver isoenzyme in serum. The normal reference interval for 478 healthy adults was 5-22 micrograms/L. Method comparison studies showed good correlation between this B-ALP assay (y) and commercially available electrophoretic methods (x) (y = 0.3540x + 20.5, R2 = 0.929) in a pagetic population. Temporal profiles for total ALP, this IRMA B-ALP assay, and B-ALP by electrophoresis in three pagetic patients were parallel. We conclude that this assay demonstrates good analytical performance and would be useful for the clinical assessment of metabolic bone disorders.
Invisible two-dimensional barcode fabrication inside a synthetic fused silica by femtosecond laser processing using a computer-generated hologram (2011)

We report an invisible two-dimensional (2D) barcode embedded into a synthetic fused silica by femtosecond laser processing using a computer-generated hologram (CGH) that generates a spatially extended femtosecond pulse beam in the depth direction. When we illuminate the irradiated 2D barcode pattern with a 254 nm ultraviolet (UV) light, a strong red photoluminescence (PL) is observed, and we can read it by using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera and image processing technology. This work provides a novel barcode fabrication method by femtosecond laser processing using a CGH and a barcode reading method by a red PL.