gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated Approach to Software Defect Prediction (2017)

Software defect prediction provides actionable outputs to software teams while contributing to industrial success. Empirical studies have been conducted on software defect prediction for both cross-project and within-project defect prediction. However, existing studies have yet to demonstrate a method of predicting the number of defects in an upcoming product release. This paper presents such a method using predictor variables derived from the defect acceleration, namely, the defect density, defect velocity, and defect introduction time, and determines the correlation of each predictor variable with the number of defects. We report the application of an integrated machine learning approach based on regression models constructed from these predictor variables. An experiment was conducted on ten different data sets collected from the PROMISE repository, containing 22838 instances. The regression model constructed as a function of the average defect velocity achieved an adjusted R-square of 98.6%, with a p-value of <; 0.001. The average defect velocity is strongly positively correlated with the number of defects, with a correlation coefficient of 0.98. Thus, it is demonstrated that this technique can provide a blueprint for program testing to enhance the effectiveness of software development activities.
Production of Human Albumin in Pigs Through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Knockin of Human cDNA into Swine Albumin Locus in the Zygotes (2015)

Precise genome modification in large domesticated animals is desirable under many circumstances. In the past it is only possible through lengthy and burdensome cloning procedures. Here we attempted to achieve that goal through the use of the newest genome-modifying tool CRISPR/Cas9. We set out to knockin human albumin cDNA into pig Alb locus for the production of recombinant human serum albumin (rHSA). HSA is a widely used human blood product and is in high demand. We show that homologous recombination can occur highly efficiently in swine zygotes. All 16 piglets born from the manipulated zygotes carry the expected knockin allele and we demonstrated the presence of human albumin in the blood of these piglets. Furthermore, the knockin allele was successfully transmitted through germline. This success in precision genomic engineering is expected to spur exploration of pigs and other large domesticated animals to be used as bioreactors for the production of biomedical products or creation of livestock strains with more desirable traits.
Repurposing the FDA-Approved Pinworm Drug Pyrvinium as a Novel Chemotherapeutic Agent for Intestinal Polyposis (2014)

Mutations in the WNT-pathway regulator ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS COLI (APC) promote aberrant activation of the WNT pathway that is responsible for APC-associated diseases such as Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) and 85% of spontaneous colorectal cancers (CRC). FAP is characterized by multiple intestinal adenomas, which inexorably result in CRC. Surprisingly, given their common occurrence, there are few effective chemotherapeutic drugs for FAP. Here we show that the FDA-approved, anti-helminthic drug Pyrvinium attenuates the growth of WNT-dependent CRC cells and does so via activation of CK1α. Furthermore, we show that Pyrvinium can function as an in vivo inhibitor of WNT-signaling and polyposis in a mouse model of FAP: APCmin mice. Oral administration of Pyrvinium, a CK1α agonist, attenuated the levels of WNT-driven biomarkers and inhibited adenoma formation in APCmin mice. Considering its well-documented safe use for treating enterobiasis in humans, our findings suggest that Pyrvinium could be repurposed for the clinical treatment of APC-associated polyposes.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and micro-Raman analysis of conductive RuO2 thin films (2001)

Ruthenium oxide (RuO2) was synthesized in thin film and powder forms using the solution chemistry technique. The oxide electrodes on Si substrates were characterized in terms of their structure, composition, stoichiometry, and conductivity. X-ray lattice parameter calculations and micro-Raman analysis revealed the rutile structure in the material. Both films and powders exhibited an unassigned Raman band at about 477 cm−1 in their Raman spectra. Performing peak frequency calculations for B2g and A1g modes of RuO2 using the rigid-ion model, which ruled out the possibility that this band originated from disorder induced symmetry, allowed silent mode. Based on the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and temperature dependent Raman studies, this band was assigned to hydrated RuO2. XPS characterizations of our samples revealed minute surface contamination of oxygen and chlorine, probably due to the film preparation and high temperature deposition processes. Films with uniform microstructure, low surface roughness, and good electrical properties meet the requirements for serving as the bottom electrode for the ferroelectric capacitor.
PAK4 Functions in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α-induced Survival Pathways by Facilitating TRADD Binding to the TNF Receptor (2005)

PAK4 is a member of the group B family of p21-activated kinases. Its expression is elevated in many cancer cell lines, and activated PAK4 is highly transforming, suggesting that it plays an important role in tumorigenesis. Although most previous work was carried out with overexpressed PAK4, here we used RNA interference to knock down endogenous PAK4 in cancer cells. By studying PAK4 knockdown HeLa cells, we demonstrated that endogenous PAK4 is required for anchorage-independent growth. Because cell survival is a key part of tumorigenesis and anchorage-independent growth, we studied whether PAK4 has a role in protecting cells from cell death. To address this, we studied the role for PAK4 downstream to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha receptor. Although overexpressed PAK4 was previously shown to abrogate proapoptotic pathways, here we demonstrate that endogenous PAK4 is required for the full activation of prosurvival pathways induced by TNFalpha. Our results indicate that PAK4 is required for optimal binding of the scaffold protein TRADD to the activated TNFalpha receptor through both kinase-dependent and kinase-independent mechanisms. Consequently, activation of several prosurvival pathways, including the NFkappaB and ERK pathways, is reduced in the absence of PAK4. Interestingly, constitutive activation of the NFkappaB and ERK pathways could compensate for the lack of PAK4, indicating that these pathways function downstream to PAK4. The role for PAK4 in regulating prosurvival pathways is a completely new function for this protein, and the connection between PAK4 and cell survival under stress helps explain its role in tumorigenesis and development.
Efficient and sensitive method of DNA silver staining in polyacrylamide gels (2004)

DNA silver staining is widely used to detect DNA fragment in polyacrylamide gel with high sensitivity. Conventional procedures of the silver staining involve several steps, which take about 40 min to 2 h in total. To improve the efficiency of DNA silver staining, a more efficient protocol is developed in this study. The procedure comprises only four steps including impregnating, rinsing, developing, and stopping, and could be completed within 20 min. Nitric acid and ethanol in the silver-impregnation step of the new procedure eliminates the need for prior treatment of gels with a fixing solution and following rinse prior to impregnation with silver. The procedure has high sensitivity and long storage lifetime. The minimum detectable mass of DNA is 0.44 and 3.5 ng in denaturing and nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel, respectively.
Thermal Effects on the Photoresist AZ1350J (1977)

An experimental study is reported on the various effects produced by the baking steps normally used in processing positive photoresists for application in microelectronics. The particular material investigated is AZ1350J, made by the Shipley Company, Inc. The thermal effects are studied in terms of a newly modified model that characterizes the exposure and development processes in photoresist. The changes in performance of the photoresist as a result of prebake, post-exposure bake, and post-development bake are discussed and are related to the parameters in the model that govern exposure and development. The model is derived from physical rather than chemical measurements.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Protected Tryptophan Regioisomers (2002)

Tryptophan 1 (Trp) is superior to all other naturally occurring peptide residues in its ability to bind cations (the cation-pi interaction). In an effort to expand the toolbox of Trp-like amino acids, in this note we report catalytic asymmetric syntheses of Trp regioisomers 2a-e, where the alanine unit is attached not to C-3 of indole but to C-2, C-4, C-5, C-6, or C-7. Excellent asymmetric induction is obtained in each case (generally >97% ee). Ab initio calculations suggest that the indole nuclei of 2a-e will bind Na(+) with the same affinity as that of Trp.
Sorption and permeation behavior of water vapor and carbon dioxide gas through ethylene ionomer membranes (1986)

Abstract Sorption and permeation of water vapor and carbon dioxide gas through ethylene ionomer membranes were studied as a function of pressure. Water sorption increased with an increase of the acid content and especially degree of neutralization of ethylene ionomers. The sodium salt ionomer enhanced water sorption compared to the zinc salt ionomer. However, there was no remarkable difference of permeability coefficient of water vapor through the sodium and zinc ionomer membranes. Diffusion coefficient of the sodium salt ionomer is one order smaller than that of zinc salt ionomer, corresponding to an immobilized water structure in the sodium salt ionomer. Differential scanning calorimetry studies on water sorbed to membrane manifested that water sorbed was almost nonfreezable. Sorption of carbon dioxide gas in ethylene ionomers was a dual‐mode type. The pressure dependence of permeability coefficient of carbon dioxide gas was interpreted in terms of a partial immobilization model, independent of the kind of the metal salt in ethylene ionomer.
Asbestos-the Silent Killer: a review of screening and diagnostic imaging of asbestos related lung disease (2011)

An epidemic of asbestos related lung (ARLD) disease stares the developed countries in the face. However, these countries have lately banned the use of asbestos. Nevertheless, Western countries have no qualms of selling asbestos to poor countries that have no credible health safety regulations in the work place. Epidemiologic studies predicted a decline in incidence of ARLD in the US after the year 2000, with a peak incidence in the UK in 2020. Lung cancer (LC) develops in up to 25% of asbestos workers. In exposed nonsmokers, there is 5-fold increase. In exposed individuals, smoking further increases the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma by 80-90-fold. However the silent killer, asbestos is still active in developing countries and is likely to remains so in decades to come. In the Middle East, immigrant workers still work in asbestos environment. Saudi Arabia is the only major country in the Middle East that has banned asbestos, but workers continue to be at risk due to maintenance work on buildings built before the ban. As asbestos related lung disease remains silent in many and has a long latent period, the only way of detecting these diseases early is by diligence being aware of the patient&rsquo;s occupational history and affective imaging. Presently there is no credible screening for ARLD. Here we review imaging studies in ARLD to increase awareness of this potentially lethal disease. Whereas diagnosis of ARLD is a matter for compensation in the developed countries it is a matter of survival in the developing world where industrialization has just begun and may take decades to remove the threat of asbestos. In this review we will discuss the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of ARLD.
Thioether-Based Fluorescent Covalent Organic Framework for Selective Detection and Facile Removal of Mercury(II) (2016)

Heavy metal ions are highly toxic and widely spread as environmental pollutants. New strategies are being developed to simultaneously detect and remove these toxic ions. Herein, we take the intrinsic advantage of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) and develop fluorescent COFs for sensing applications. As a proof-of-concept, a thioether-functionalized COF material, COF-LZU8, was "bottom-up" integrated with multifunctionality for the selective detection and facile removal of mercury(II): the π-conjugated framework as the signal transducer, the evenly and densely distributed thioether groups as the Hg(2+) receptor, the regular pores facilitating the real-time detection and mass transfer, together with the robust COF structure for recycle use. The excellent sensing performance of COF-LZU8 was achieved in terms of high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, easy visibility, and real-time response. Meanwhile, the efficient removal of Hg(2+) from water and the recycling of COF-LZU8 offers the possibility for practical applications. In addition, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and solid-state NMR investigations verified the strong and selective interaction between Hg(2+) and the thioether groups of COF-LZU8. This research not only demonstrates the utilization of fluorescent COFs for both sensing and removal of metal ions but also highlights the facile construction of functionalized COFs for environmental applications.
Thin film solar cell with 8.4% power conversion efficiency using an earth‐abundant Cu<sub>2</sub>ZnSnS<sub>4</sub> absorber (2011)

ABSTRACT Using vacuum process, we fabricated Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 solar cells with 8.4% efficiency, a number independently certified by an external, accredited laboratory. This is the highest efficiency reported for pure sulfide Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 prepared by any method. Consistent with literature, the optimal composition is Cu‐poor and Zn‐rich despite the precipitation of secondary phases (e.g., ZnS). Despite a very thin absorber thickness (~600 nm), a reasonably good short‐circuit current was obtained. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements suggest a minority carrier‐diffusion length on the order of several hundreds of nanometers and relatively good collection of photo‐carriers across the entire absorber thickness. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Seed Moisture Content, Cooking Time, and Chamber Temperature on Nuña Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Popping (2009)

Nuña beans are a type of common bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) native to the Andean region of South America that possess the unusual property of popping; however, little is known regarding postharvest environmental effects on popping. Seed of a photoperiod-insensitive, temperate-adapted nuña bean breeding line, ‘PB24’, was produced at the Arlington Agricultural Research Station, Arlington, WI, and evaluated in a hot air popper. The experimental design was a factorial with three levels of popping time (60, 90, and 120 s), five levels of chamber temperature (101, 146, 208, 244, and 268 °C), and eight levels of seed moisture (2.5%, 3.2%, 5.2%, 6.6%, 8.3%, 12.0%, 15.3%, and 20%). Percentage of popped seed, sufficiently expanded to shed the seedcoat, was calculated. A curvilinear decrease in popping percentage was observed with increasing seed moisture content. In contrast, a curvilinear increase in popping percentage was observed with increasing chamber temperature and popping time. Larger mean squares were observed for main effects and first-order interactions associated with seed moisture content and chamber temperature compared with popping time. A combination of seed moisture below 5%, popping chamber temperature of 244 °C, and popping time of 90 s resulted in popping percentages greater than 90%.
Elongate solar cells for energy generation for wireless applications and portable power (2009)

This paper presents the use of elongate silicon solar cells for applications requiring high efficiency, lighweight, flexible modules able to operate under a range of light conditions. The elongate cells can be produced using a number of methods, and have the potential to achieve efficiencies above 20%. The cells exhibit a high degree of mechanical flexibility, and cell efficiencies remain at greater than 95% of the initial value after 100 000 non-critical flexures. Micro-modules of elongate cells can be constructed with flexible transparent protective packaging materials, with both rollable and foldable modules possible.
A visual sensor network for parking lot occupancy detection in Smart Cities (2015)

Technology is quickly revolutionizing our everyday lives, helping us to perform complex tasks. The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm is getting more and more popular and is key to the development of Smart Cities. Among all the applications of IoT in the context of Smart Cities, real-time parking lot occupancy detection recently gained a lot of attention. Solutions based on computer vision yield good performance in terms of accuracy and are deployable on top of visual sensor networks. Since the problem of detecting vacant parking lots is usually distributed over multiple cameras, adhoc algorithms for content acquisition and transmission are to be devised. A traditional paradigm consists in acquiring and encoding images or videos and transmitting them to a central controller, which is responsible for analyzing such content. A novel paradigm, which moves part of the analysis to sensing devices, is quickly becoming popular. We propose a system for distributed parking lot occupancy detection based on the latter paradigm, showing that onboard analysis and transmission of simple features yield better performance with respect to the traditional paradigm in terms of the overall rate-energy-accuracy performance.
Comparison of laser cladding with powder and hot and cold wire techniques (2006)

Laser cladding with various methods have been utilized for some years with increasing quantity. Powder has been traditional type of consumable, but some usage of wires has been reported as well. There are also a number of cladding reports with preheated wire deposition. The aim has been to increase the low productivity of laser cladding. The preheating has been produced by various methods, for instance induction, plasma flame and resistance of the wire. This study compares the different deposition techniques with powder, cold wire and resistance heated wire processes. Hot wire cladding increases the deposition rate substantially keeping similar properties of powder and cold wire laser cladding.
Fabrication of an Ultra-Flexible ZnO Nanogenerator for Harvesting Energy from Respiration (2013)

A novel ZnO nanogenerator (NG) with a flexible and highly lightweight substrate has the potential to harvest energy from human respiration. Previous studies have proposed lift-off and fold-up fabrication methods. The ZnO nanowires (NWs) are transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, which serves as the secondary flexible substrate. The thickness of the 2-fold ZnO NG is approximately 25 μm, whereas the thickness of the 16-fold NG is approximately 200 μm. The 16-fold ZnO NG generates approximately 0.6 V and 0.5 μA at the low air flow rate of 2.0 ms−1, and reaches approximately 1.3 V and 0.8 μA at the air flow rate of 5.0 ms−1.
A power electronics communication protocol for distributed digital control architectures (2008)

This paper presents a distributed control system architecture for power electronics conversion systems. Control partitioning is described and a two-level control hierarchy is proposed. Specifically, a hardware manager-controlling the actual power conversion process-, and an application manager, hardware independent Universal Controller are introduced and implemented. A detailed description of these controllers is given using a voltage-source inverter as test system. Additionally, a high-speed real-time protocol (PESNet) is introduced for communication purposes of the proposed distributed control architecture. The synchronous nature of the protocol is described in addition to its data types and commands. From the analysis presented the usage of such an architecture and controllers for reconfigurable zonal distribution systems becomes apparent.
Proportions of the Aesthetic Face (1984)

Proportions of the aesthetic face , Proportions of the aesthetic face , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Spin lattice relaxation of dipole nuclei (<i>I</i>= 1/2) coupled to quadrupole nuclei (<i>S</i>= 1) (1982)

Abstract Nuclear magnetic relaxation has been investigated for dipole nuclei (I = 1/2) coupled to quadrupole nuclei (S = 1) by dipolar interaction. Quadrupole dips in the frequency dependence of the longitudinal relaxation time of the I-spins are predicted under certain conditions. Relaxation dispersion experiments have been performed with Bovine Serum Albumin, which contains 14N1H-groups as representatives of the envisaged class of two-spin systems. In the dry and hydrated protein, quadrupole dips have been observed. The conclusion is that near room temperature and up to frequencies of the order of at least 107 Hz the 14H1H-groups are the dominant relaxation centres. The relevance for investigations of other biological systems is briefly discussed.
λ-Conotoxins, a New Family of Conotoxins with Unique Disulfide Pattern and Protein Folding (2000)

Conotoxins are multiple disulfide-bonded peptides isolated from marine cone snail venom. These toxins have been classified into several families based on their disulfide pattern and biological properties. Here, we report a new family of Conus peptides, which have a novel cysteine motif. Three peptides of this family (CMrVIA, CMrVIB, and CMrX) have been purified from Conus marmoreus venom, and their structures have been determined. Their amino acid sequences are VCCGYK-LCHOC (CMrVIA), NGVCCGYKLCHOC (CMrVIB), and GICCGVSFCYOC (CMrX), where O represents 4-trans-hydroxyproline. Two of these peptides (CMrVIA and CMrX) have been chemically synthesized. Using a selective protection and deprotection strategy during disulfide bond formation, peptides with both feasible cysteine-pairing combinations were generated. The disulfide pattern (C(1)-C(4), C(2)-C(3)) in native toxins was identified by their co-elution with the synthetic disulfide-isomeric peptides on reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography. Although cysteine residues were found in comparable positions with those of alpha-conotoxins, these toxins exhibited a distinctly different disulfide bonding pattern; we have named this new family "lambda -conotoxins." CMrVIA and CMrX induced different biological effects when injected intra-cerebroventricularly in mice; CMrVIA induces seizures, whereas CMrX induces flaccid paralysis. The synthetic peptide with lambda-conotoxin folding is about 1150-fold more potent in inducing seizures than the mispaired isomer with alpha-conotoxin folding. Thus it appears that the unique disulfide pattern, and hence the "ribbon" conformation, in lambda-conotoxins is important for their biological activity.