gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The interaction of human peripheral blood eosinophils with bacterial lipopolysaccharide is CD14 dependent (2001)

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) is a ubiquitous component of dust and air pollution and is suspected to contribute after inhalation to an activation of eosinophils in bronchial tissues of asthmatic patients, provoking inflammatory and allergic processes. We were therefore interested in the interaction of eosinophil granulocytes with LPS and have examined the activation of and uptake to human peripheral blood eosinophils by LPS. Eosinophils were stimulated by LPS and the endotoxic component lipid A and the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and of the eosinophil-specific granule protein eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) was estimated. The results show induction of TNF-alpha and ECP-release by LPS and lipid A in a dose-dependent manner. Anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (moAb) (clone MEM-18) and the synthetic lipid A partial structure 406 blocked the release of TNF-alpha and ECP by LPS-stimulated eosinophils. Studies with radioactively labeled LPS showed dose-dependent uptake of (3)H-LPS to eosinophils. The (3)H-LPS uptake was found to be specific because preincubation with unlabeled LPS, compound 406 and also anti-CD14 antibodies inhibited uptake of (3)H-LPS to eosinophil granulocytes. By flow cytometry using anti-CD14 moAb and by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique, CD14 expression was detectable. Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and TLR 4 was detected, indicating the presence of these CD14 coreceptors. The results indicate that eosinophils can take up LPS and can be stimulated by LPS in a CD14-dependent manner. Hence, in addition to allergens, eosinophils interact with endotoxin, a process that possibly exacerbates ongoing inflammatory and allergic processes.
Effectiveness of using WiFi technologies to detect and predict building occupancy (2017)

This paper presents findings of a case-study demonstrating the effectiveness of using WiFi networks to detect occupancy as opposed to CO2 sensors, commonly used for demand-controlled heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. The study took place in one building at the University of Manitoba Fort Garry campus in Canada. In a classroom, the number of WiFi connections was collected on an hourly basis over one-week, simultaneously with CO2 concentration levels at 10-min intervals. The number of occupants in this classroom was also counted on an hourly basis over the same study period. Data analysis showed that WiFi counts predicted actual occupancy levels more accurately than CO2 concentration levels, thus validating the use of this technology to track occupancy. This study was the first to use both CO2 concentration and WiFi counts simultaneously as indicators for occupancy. Results demonstrated the possibility of using WiFi counts in large buildings for controlling HVAC systems at a higher accuracy and lower cost than other sensor technologies.
Cloning of a gene encoding thermostable glucoamylase from Chaetomium thermophilum and its expression in Pichia pastoris (2007)

Because of its thermostability and overexpression, this glucoamylase enzyme offers an interesting potential in saccharification steps in both starch enzymatic conversion and in alcohol production.
Autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens as biomarkers in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (2013)

Tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) recognized by cellular and/or humoral effectors of the immune system are attractive targets for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to human cancer. Different approaches can be used to comprehensively characterize and validate the identified TAA/anti-TAA systems, which are potential biomarkers in cancer immunodiagnosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. The high fatality rate of HCC within one year after its detection might be partly attributed to a lack of diagnostic methods that enable the early detection. Our previous studies have shown that novel autoantibodies can appear which are not detected prior to pre-malignant conditions during transition from chronic liver disease to HCC. The hypothesis we advance is the transition to malignancy can be associated with autoantibody response to certain cellular proteins that might have some role in tumorigenesis. We propose that the information that the cancer patient's immune system is conveying in the form of autoantibodies to tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) should be utilized to a greater extent in identifying early signs of tumorigenesis. In this review, we will focus on the important features of TAA and the possibility that autoantibodies to TAAs can be used as biomarkers in immunodiagnosis and prognosis of HCC.
Single-Cascade Simulated Moving Bed Systems for the Separation of Ternary Mixtures (2003)

Single-cascade simulated moving bed (SMB) systems with a side-stream withdrawal are developed for separating ternary systems. Several single-cascade SMB systems are studied for the separation of ternary mixtures within the linear range. Design parameters, operating conditions, minimum desorbent-to-feed ratios, and productivities are determined with the local equilibrium theory, and purities are determined through detailed Aspen Chromatography simulations. A series of initial feed compositions are simulated to determine the optimal regions. The single-cascade SMB is particularly applicable when there is little of the most strongly adsorbed component, a significant amount of the middle component, and the separation between these components is easy. A surprising finding is that the purity of the middle-component product is usually higher in an SMB than in a true moving bed. A few quaternary separations with a side-stream SMB followed by a binary SMB are also studied.
<i>Dlx1<i>and</i>Dlx2</i>Promote Interneuron GABA Synthesis, Synaptogenesis, and Dendritogenesis (2017)

The postnatal functions of the Dlx1&2 transcription factors in cortical interneurons (CINs) are unknown. Here, using conditional Dlx1, Dlx2, and Dlx1&2 knockouts (CKOs), we defined their roles in specific CINs. The CKOs had dendritic, synaptic, and survival defects, affecting even PV+ CINs. We provide evidence that DLX2 directly drives Gad1, Gad2, and Vgat expression, and show that mutants had reduced mIPSC amplitude. In addition, the mutants formed fewer GABAergic synapses on excitatory neurons and had reduced mIPSC frequency. Furthermore, Dlx1/2 CKO had hypoplastic dendrites, fewer excitatory synapses, and reduced excitatory input. We provide evidence that some of these phenotypes were due to reduced expression of GRIN2B (a subunit of the NMDA receptor), a high confidence Autism gene. Thus, Dlx1&2 coordinate key components of CIN postnatal development by promoting their excitability, inhibitory output, and survival.
Cross-validation and predicted risk estimation for nonlinear iterative reweighted least-squares MRI reconstruction (2012)

Regularization is an effective means of reducing noise and artifacts in MR image reconstruction from undersampled k-space data. Proper application of regularization demands appropriate selection of the associated regularization parameter. Generalized cross-validation (GCV) is a popular parameter tuning technique especially for linear reconstruction methods, but its application to nonlinear iterative MRI reconstruction is more involved as it demands the evaluation of the Jacobian matrix of the reconstruction algorithm with respect to complex-valued data. We derive analytical expressions for recursively updating this Jacobian matrix for an iterative reweighted least-squares reconstruction algorithm. Our method can also be used to calculate a predicted risk estimate (PSURE) for MRI based on Stein's principle. We demonstrate with simulations and experiments with real data that regularization parameter selection based on GCV and PSURE provides near-MSE-optimal results for nonlinear MRI reconstruction from undersampled k-space data using ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -regularization.
Multidimensional Raman Spectroscopic Signatures as a Tool for Forensic Identification of Body Fluid Traces: A Review (2011)

The analysis of body fluid traces during forensic investigations is a critical step in determining the key details of a crime. Several confirmatory and presumptive biochemical tests are currently utilized. However, these tests are all destructive, and no single method can be used to analyze all body fluids. This review outlines recent progress in the development of a novel universal approach for the nondestructive, confirmatory identification of body fluid traces using Raman spectroscopy. The method is based on the use of multidimensional spectroscopic signatures of body fluids and accounts for the intrinsic heterogeneity of dry traces and donor variation. The results presented here demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy has potential for identifying traces of semen, blood, saliva, sweat, and vaginal fluid with high confidence.
Diagnosis and management of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. (2012)

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in childhood can persist into adulthood in at least 30 percent of patients, with 3 to 4 percent of adults meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed., diagnostic criteria. A number of conditions, such as thyroid disease, mood disorders, and substance use disorders, have symptoms similar to those of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Steroids, antihistamines, anticonvulsants, caffeine, and nicotine also can have adverse effects that mimic attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms. Proper diagnosis and treatment can improve daily functioning. Diagnosis relies on a thorough clinical history, supported by a number of rating scales that take five to 20 minutes to complete, depending on the scale. Clinical guidelines recommend stimulants and the nonstimulant atomoxetine as first-line treatments, followed by antidepressants. Cognitive behavior therapy has also been shown to be helpful as adjunctive treatment with medication. For adults with coexisting depression, the combination of an antidepressant and stimulants has been shown to be safe and effective. To monitor for misuse or diversion of stimulants, family physicians should consider using a controlled substances agreement and random urine drug screening in addition to regular follow-up visits.
An Inexpensive Laser Raman Spectrometer Based on CCD Detection (2002)

We describe an inexpensive modular Raman spectrometer system that can be assembled from commercial components for under $5000. Three typical applications are presented: a demonstration of a vibrational isotope effect, a Raman polarization experiment, and a resonance Raman experiment. This spectrometer system should make it easier to include the important topic of Raman spectroscopy in the undergraduate physical and analytical chemistry laboratory curricula.
Periodic mesoporous organosilicas for advanced applications (2014)

In 1999, three groups independently developed a novel class of organic–inorganic nanocomposites known as periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs). The organic functional groups in the frameworks of these solids allow tuning of the surface properties and modification of the bulk properties of the material. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of PMOs and discusses their different functionalities, morphology and applications, such as catalysis, drug delivery, sensing, optics, electronic devices, environmental applications (gas sensing and gas adsorption), biomolecule adsorption and chromatography for which PMOs have been used over the past 5 years. Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) are prominent materials for a wide variety of application including catalysis, drug and gene transfer, sensing and imaging, optics, electronic devices, gas sensing, gas adsorption, biomolecule adsorption and chromatographic phases owing to their outstanding pore wall tuning properties. Since each organic molecule in their framework has different chemical behavior, incorporating different organic functionalities into the PMO framework make the materials with unique properties for specific applications. A wide range of PMOs with various bridged organic functionalities and morphologies have been prepared. However, some aspects remain to be studied. The current results and the forthcoming advances in PMOs will make them the materials of excellent for some high-technology applications. PMOs proved to be very useful in a variety of applications, and many others can be envisaged for the near future. In recent years, incorporating organic functionalities into inorganic materials has emerged as an efficient strategy for constructing a variety of functional materials. Periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) were one of the first such classes of composites to be developed. Grafting organic moieties within the channel walls of porous silicas — to act as bridges between neighboring silicon atoms — enables the tuning of their bulk properties, such as mechanical strength, or their surface characteristics — hydrophilicity, hydrophobicity or guest-binding abilities, for example. Chang-Sik Ha and colleagues from Pusan National University, South Korea, review how the wide range of morphologies and functionalities that have been prepared to date make PMOs desirable for numerous and varied practical applications. These hybrid materials have proven attractive for applications ranging from catalysis and drug delivery to the sorption of guest molecules and optoelectronics.
Synthesis and fluorescent properties of model compounds for conjugated polymer containing maleimide units at the main chain (2011)

Abstract 2,3‐Diaryl substituted maleimides as model compounds of conjugated maleimide polymers [poly(RMI‐ alt ‐Ar) and poly(RMI‐ co ‐Ar)] were synthesized from 2,3‐dibromo‐ N ‐substituted maleimide (DBrRMI) [R= cyclohexyl (DBrCHMI) and n ‐hexyl (DBrHMI)] and aryl boronic acid using palladium catalysts. To clarify structures of conjugated polymer containing maleimide units at the main chain, 13 C NMR spectra of 2‐aryl or 2,3‐diaryl substituted maleimides were compared with those of N ‐substituted maleimide polymers. Copolymers obtained with DBrRMI via Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling polymerizations or Yamamoto coupling polymerizations were dehalogenated structures at the terminal end. This dehalogenation may contribute to the low polymerizability of DBrRMIs. On the other hand, the π‐conjugated compounds showed high solubility in common organic solvents. The N ‐substituents of maleimide cannot significantly affect the photoluminescence spectra of 2,3‐diaryl substituted maleimides derivatives. The fluorescence spectra of poly(RMI‐ alt ‐Ar) and poly(RMI‐ co ‐Ar) varied with N ‐substituents of the maleimide ring. When exposed to ultraviolet light of wavelength 352 nm, a series of 1,4‐phenylene‐ and/or 2,5‐thienylene‐based copolymers containing N ‐substituted maleimide derivatives fluoresced in a yellow to blue color. It was found that photoluminescence emissions and electronic state of π‐conjugated maleimide derivatives were controlled by aryl‐ and N ‐substituents, and maleimide sequences of copolymers. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2011
Reproducibility of Optic Nerve Head Topography Measurements in Eyes with Undilated Pupils (1993)

A confocal scanning diode laser ophthalmoscope (Retina Tomograph, Heidelberg Engineering, GmbH, Heidelberg, F.R.G.) was used to examine the optic nerve head in both normal healthy (n = 10) and glaucomatous (n = 10) eyes. An image series was obtained from 32 transverse optical sections taken at consecutive height planes (50-80 mum each) over a 1.5-2.5-mm scan depth. Each image was then analyzed to create a topographic map containing 256 +/- 256 pixels (65,536 pixels) with afield of view of 10+/-. Images were obtained through undilated pupils. Reproducibility was 30.1 +/- 7.0 and 31.8 +/- 10.6 mum in normal and glaucomatous eyes, respectively. The instrument provides highly reproducible topographic data of the optic nerve head in patients with undilated pupils.
Minimizing Corrosion of Outdoor Metalworks Using Dispersed Chemically Stabilized Nanoclays in Polyvinylidene Fluoride Latex Coatings (2016)

Nanoclays are small enough to appear optically transparent, yet they have large surface-to-volume and high aspect ratios that can significantly inhibit water diffusion when incorporated into protective coatings. Clear coatings, which minimally affect the aesthetics of metalworks, are commonly applied to outdoor metalworks, such as sculptures, to prevent and slow corrosion. In recent years, waterborne clear coatings, rather than solvent-based clear coatings, are increasingly used in many applications to reduce the quantity of volatile organic components in the formulation, yet the performance of dry films produced from waterborne colloidal suspensions is generally poorer. In this work, we aim to improve the barrier properties of a highly weatherable waterborne acrylic/polyvinylidene fluoride emulsion by adding a synthetic nanoclay, Laponite, into the formulation. To improve clay-polymer compatibility, the clay was covalently modified using an acetoxy or perfluoroalkyl silane monomer that is reactive with the hydroxyl groups at the edges of the Laponite platelets. Cation exchange on the clay faces using phosphorylcholine was conducted to increase the stability in water and characterized by zeta potential. Resulting changes in barrier properties of the polymer nanocomposite films were characterized by gravimetry, colorimetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Surface ablation after accelerated artificial weathering was monitored by attenuated total internal reflectance Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and Raman microspectroscopy, thin film X-ray diffraction (TF-XRD) and gloss and thickness measurements. The composite films showed many improved properties: reduced water sensitivity and ultraviolet-induced polymer degradation, which increased the barrier properties and reduced the diffusion constants over both short- and long-term weathering studies compared with films without nanoclays. The diffusion constant measured for the highest performing composite film showed that the performance gap between relevant water- and solvent-borne coatings used to protect outdoor metals was narrowed by half.
D<sub>1</sub> dopamine receptor regulates alcohol‐motivated behaviors in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in alcohol‐preferring (P) rats (2003)

Recent studies have implicated the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) as a potential brain substrate for mediating drug-related behaviors. Neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated that reciprocal projections exist from the BST to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a dopamine reward substrate proposed to play a role in alcohol abuse. In the present study, we evaluated the role of the D(1) and D(2) dopamine receptors of the BST in regulating alcohol and sucrose-motivated behaviors. Alcohol-preferring (P) rats were trained under an FR4 operant schedule to self-administer either EtOH (10% v/v) or sucrose (2% w/v). Following training, we evaluated the capacity of a competitive D(1) (SCH 23390; 0.5-20.0 microg) and a D(2) (eticlopride; 0.5-20.0 microg) dopamine antagonist to selectively reduce EtOH-maintained responding. Naltrexone, (5-30.0 microg), the nonselective opioid antagonist, was used as a reference agent. The results showed that SCH 23390 dose-dependently reduced alcohol-motivated responding. Responding was reduced with the 20.0 microg dose to about 97% of control levels. SCH 23390 also reduced sucrose responding; however, the magnitude of effects was substantially lower with the highest doses (2.5, 20.0 microg) (68-79% of control levels). In contrast, eticlopride failed to significantly alter alcohol responding and reduced sucrose responding only with the 10.0 microg dose. Unlike the dopamine antagonists, all naltrexone doses failed to alter EtOH or sucrose-maintained responding. The results suggest a salient role for the D(1), but not the D(2) and opioid receptors in selectively modulating EtOH-motivated behaviors in the BST.
Automated Removal of EKG Artifact From EEG Data Using Independent Component Analysis and Continuous Wavelet Transformation (2014)

The electrical potential produced by the cardiac activity sometimes contaminates electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, resulting in spiky activities that are referred to as electrocardiographic (EKG) artifact. For a variety of reasons it is often desirable to automatically detect and remove these artifacts. Especially, for accurate source localization of epileptic spikes in an EEG recording from a patient with epilepsy, it is of great importance to remove any concurrent artifact. Due to similarities in morphology between the EKG artifacts and epileptic spikes, any automated artifact removal algorithm must have an extremely low false-positive rate in addition to a high detection rate. In this paper, an automated algorithm for removal of EKG artifact is proposed that satisfies such criteria. The proposed method, which uses combines independent component analysis and continuous wavelet transformation, uses both temporal and spatial characteristics of EKG related potentials to identify and remove the artifacts. The method outperforms algorithms that use general statistical features such as entropy and kurtosis for artifact rejection.
Personal computers: Lessons learned (1986)

The authors survey the factors that have determined the success or failure of various PCs. The importance that consumers have attached to standard architectures is noted. However, it is pointed out that when hardware standards become established, manufacturers must push harder to differentiate their products from `clones'. It is argued that revolutionary advances in PC technology are not prompted by the users at whom the machines are targeted, but they are created by engineers, research and development teams. The advantages and disadvantages of open architecture are compared with those of closed architectures.
EO-1 Advanced Land Imager (1999)

The ALI, which will be flown on the NASA New Millennium Program's EO-1 mission, has been completed and is being integrated with the spacecraft. The motivation for the EO-1 mission is to flight-validate advanced technologies that are relevant to next generation satellites. The ALI telescope is a reflective triplet design having a 15-degree cross-track field-of-view that employs silicon carbide mirrors. It incorporates a multispectral detector and filter array with 10 spectral bands that cover a wavelength range from the visible to the short-wave IR. The paper will describe the instrument and its operation, review test result, and suggest application to a future Landsat instrument.