gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biopolymer deposition for freeform fabrication of tissue engineered scaffolds (2004)

Polymeric scaffolds have been utilized in tissue engineering as a technique to confide the desired proliferation of seeded cells in vitro and in vivo into its architecturally porous three-dimensional structures. Novel freeform fabrication methods for tissue engineering polymeric scaffolds have been an interest because of its repeatability and capability of high accuracy in fabrication resolution at the macro and micro scales. A multi-nozzle biopolymer deposition system which is capable of extruding biopolymer solutions and living cells for freeform construction of 3D tissue scaffolds is presented. The deposition process is biocompatible and occurs at room temperature and low pressures to reduce damage to cells. This paper presents three types of nozzle systems that can be used to deposit sodium alginate using three-dimensional deposition (3D-D) to fabricate three-dimensional scaffold structures, in addition to cell/alginate deposition.
Inferring the eigenvalues of covariance matrices from limited, noisy data (2000)

The eigenvalue spectrum of covariance matrices is of central importance to a number of data analysis techniques. Usually, the sample covariance matrix is constructed from a limited number of noisy samples. We describe a method of inferring the true eigenvalue spectrum from the sample spectrum. Results of Silverstein (1986), which characterize the eigenvalue spectrum of the noise covariance matrix, and inequalities between the eigenvalues of Hermitian matrices are used to infer probability densities for the eigenvalues of the noise-free covariance matrix, using Bayesian inference. Posterior densities for each eigenvalue are obtained, which yield error estimates. The evidence framework gives estimates of the noise variance and permits model order selection by estimating the rank of the covariance matrix. The method is illustrated with numerical examples.
γ‐Ray irradiation induces B7.1 expression in myeloid leukaemic cells (2000)

Expression of B7 molecules provides co-stimulatory signals to T lymphocytes, which prevent the induction of anergy. It has been previously reported that B7.1 gene transfer in a murine leukaemia model induced a potent antileukaemic immunity and that relative expression of B7.1 and B7.2 in human acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) had prognostic significance. As ex vivo engineering of leukaemic cells for immunotherapy protocols would require prior irradiation of these cells before reinjection to the patient, we investigated in murine and leukaemic cell lines and in 20 ex vivo primary cultured acute myeloid leukaemic cells the effect of gamma-irradiation on the expression of B7 molecules. We observed that gamma-irradiation enhanced B7.1 molecule expression in murine leukaemic cell lines and in B7.2 molecules in human HL60 and K562 cell lines. gamma-Irradiation induced B7.1 molecule expression in 90% AML samples but only 21% showed B7.2 molecule expression enhancement. B7.1 expression was increased both at the protein and RNA level in human AML cells but only at the protein level in the DA1-3b murine cell line. Oxidative stress increased B7.1 expression in the murine DA1-3b cell line but human cell lines and AML samples remained unaffected both by heat shock and oxidative stress, suggesting different pathways of B7.1 induction between mouse and human cells. Our data show that B7.1 expression can be induced by ex vivo irradiation of AML cells, indicating that these cells can express co-stimulatory molecules without gene transfer.
Intravenous Infusion of Irrigating Fluids Containing Glycine or Mannitol with and without Ethanol (1989)

Irrigating fluids consisting of 5% mannitol, 3% mannitol + 1% ethanol, 2.2% glycine and 1.5% glycine + 1% ethanol in water were given by intravenous infusion to seven healthy volunteers at a constant rate of 50 ml./min. over 20 min. The irrigants containing glycine produced hyperkalemia and usually prickling and burning skin sensations and slight nausea. The severity of the symptoms apparently correlated to the blood ammonia level, which increased significantly after the glycine but not after the mannitol infusions. With 5% mannitol, there was a pronounced transient increase of the blood volume and a prolonged hyponatremia. There were no differences between the irrigants in respect to their effects on blood pressure and urine excretion. Ethanol caused no adverse effects and allowed the fluid supplementation to be followed by expired breath tests.
Identification of a family of intimins common to Escherichia coli causing attaching-effacing lesions in rabbits, humans, and swine (1997)

Intimin, an outer membrane protein encoded by eaeA that mediates close attachment of enteropathogenic bacteria to apical surfaces of epithelial cells, is required for formation of the attaching-effacing lesions and for full pathogenesis of the bacteria. Analysis of the eaeA sequence indicates that there is a high degree of homology at the N termini but less at the C termini of intimins. Antisera specific for the C-terminal third of RDEC-1 intimin, used to screen outer membrane proteins from 50 rabbit enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), human EPEC, and human enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains, identified cross-reactive intimins from 24 isolates. Sequence analysis of the eaeA genes from human EPEC O111 and EHEC O26 isolates indicates that their intimins have C termini nearly identical to that of RDEC-1 intimin. Our results suggest that there are at least three families of related intimins and that the presence of intimin similar to that of RDEC-1 is not restricted by serogroup or host specificity.
Les peptides du lait à activité physiologique. III. Peptides du lait à effet cardiovasculaire : activités antithrombotique et antihypertensive (1991)

Les similarits fonctionnelles entre la coagulation du lait et celle du sang, ainsi que les homologies de squences existant entre la chane y du fibrinogne et la casine K du lait, ont t la base de la dmarche adopte par le groupe de Jolls pour dmontrer l'activit cardiovasculaire d'une famille de peptides issus de cette protine du lait. Ces peptides localiss dans le segment glycomacropeptidique de la casine K, sont capables, non seulement d'inhiber l'agrgation plaquettaire mais aussi de se lier avec les rcepteurs spcifiques apparaissant la surface de ces lments figurs du sang et donc, de prvenir la formation du thrombus. L'activit antiagrgative est nettement renforce par la prsence d'un rsidu Lys; ainsi, la squence 112-116 semble 200 fois plus active que le peptide 113-116. Les rsultats obtenus par notre groupe
Video Lifelog Retrieval System for Ambiguous Search Queries (2020)

The fifth-generation mobile network (5G) will soon become popular, and data utilization will increase. Although there is a large volume of video data, making it difficult to manage and use such data in our daily lives, there is huge potential with such data. We now often take photos using smartphones, but in future recording our lives by wearing video cameras would become popular. Since such data have a large amount of information, a video lifelog retrieval system is necessary. Although many studies on video retrieval have been conducted on some domains, e.g. TV programs, movies and so on, there have been few conducted on lifelogs. One of the main differences between them is regarding user queries and the fact that our memories are often ambiguous. We propose a video lifelog retrieval system that takes advantage of ambiguous search queries. We discuss the effectiveness of our system from our evaluation involving our own lifelog data we collected. We also discuss the characteristics of lifelog data and problems of our system.
Cyclin E2, a Novel G<sub>1</sub> Cyclin That Binds Cdk2 and Is Aberrantly Expressed in Human Cancers (1999)

A novel cyclin gene was discovered by searching an expressed sequence tag database with a cyclin box profile. The human cyclin E2 gene encodes a 404-amino-acid protein that is most closely related to cyclin E. Cyclin E2 associates with Cdk2 in a functional kinase complex that is inhibited by both p27(Kip1) and p21(Cip1). The catalytic activity associated with cyclin E2 complexes is cell cycle regulated and peaks at the G1/S transition. Overexpression of cyclin E2 in mammalian cells accelerates G1, demonstrating that cyclin E2 may be rate limiting for G1 progression. Unlike cyclin E1, which is expressed in most proliferating normal and tumor cells, cyclin E2 levels were low to undetectable in nontransformed cells and increased significantly in tumor-derived cells. The discovery of a novel second cyclin E family member suggests that multiple unique cyclin E-CDK complexes regulate cell cycle progression.
Deepwater reservoir prediction using seismic and geomechanical methods (1999)

In deepwater exploration, due to a lack of well information, seismic data become the main means of predicting reservoirs and hydrocarbons. AVO is the most popular method to detect hydrocarbons. However, factors such as pressure, lithology, and thin-bed effects can cause false AVO effects. The deepwater Gulf of Mexico, in addition to these complex factors, has simple-to-complex salt sheet morphologies. The evolution of these salt sheets through time significantly influences the accumulation and migration pathways of deepwater sediments. In this article, we propose that the hydrocarbon migration pathway and seal integrity can be better understood by combining information about pore-fluid pressure, effective stress, lithology, and seismic energy attenuation.
Anatomy of the mitral valve (2002)

According to Walmsley,1 it was Andreas Vesalius who suggested the picturesque term “mitral” to describe the left atrioventricular valve owing to its resemblance to a plan view of the bishop’s mitre. Guarding the inlet to the left ventricle, the mitral valve prevents backflow to the left atrium during ventricular systole. In its open state, the valvar leaflets are like a funnel extending from the hinge line at the atrioventricular junction to the free margins. Tendinous cords attach the leaflets to two closely arranged groups of papillary muscles. The interchordal spaces serve as important pathways for blood flow. As emphasised by Perloff and Roberts,2 the mitral valve requires all its components, together with the adjacent atrial and ventricular musculature, in order to work properly. This review examines the component parts to provide the background for a better understanding of the mitral valve as seen in cross sectional anatomy and highlights pertinent features of its anomalies.

The valvar complex comprises the annulus, the leaflets, the tendinous cords, and the papillary muscles. Also important for its functioning is the left atrial musculature inserting to the leaflets and the myocardium to which the papillary muscles are inserted. The valve is obliquely located in the heart and has a close relation to the aortic valve (fig 1A). Unlike the tricuspid valve which is separated by muscle from its counterpart, the pulmonary valve, the mitral valve is immediately adjacent to the aortic valve (fig 1B).



 Figure 1 
(A) View of the base of the heart in anatomical orientation shows the spatial relations of the four cardiac valves. The left heart valves are close together whereas the right heart valves are separated by myocardium. Dotted line marks the limit of atrial myocardium around the mitral orifice. (B) This dissection of the heart viewed from the anterior aspect …
Fundamentals of luminescence (2018)

The electroluminescence (EL) of inorganic materials is classified into the two groups: injection EL and high electric field EL. The high- field EL is further divided into two types: powder phosphor EL and thin-film EL. The term "injection EL" is used to explain the phenomenon of luminescence produced by the injection of minority carriers. Semiconductor lasers, first demonstrated in 1962 using GaAs diodes, operate by stimulating injection EL light in an appropriate optical cavity. The LEDs that became commercially available in the late 1960s were the green-emitting and the red-emitting diodes. The chapter focuses on the basic processes of the high-field EL, in particular on the excitation mechanisms in thin-film EL. It discusses the excitation mechanism which is similar to that of thin-film EL. The EL excitation mechanism is as follows: the luminescence centers are excited by the impact of the electron accelerated by the pulsed voltage and then ionized by the applied pulsed field.
Ultraviolet‐curing behavior of an epoxy acrylate resin system (2005)

Abstract Ultraviolet (UV)‐curing behavior of an epoxy acrylate resin system comprising an epoxy acrylate oligomer, a reactive diluent, and a photoinitiator was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The conversion changes of the resin system containing 20 phr of 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate as a reactive diluent and 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐propan‐1‐one as a photoinitiator were measured under different UV‐curing conditions. The fractional conversion was calculated from the area of the absorption peak for the vinyl group vibration occurring at 810 cm −1 . The effects of photoinitiator concentration, total UV dosage, one‐step or stepwise UV irradiation, UV intensity, atmosphere, and temperature on the curing behavior of the resin system were investigated. The conversion of the resin system increased rapidly at the initial stage of the UV‐curing process but increased very slowly after that. The final conversion of the resin system was mainly affected by total UV dosage. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 98: 1180–1185, 2005
Gain-Assisted Slow to Superluminal Group Velocity Manipulation in Nanowaveguides (2006)

We study the energy propagation in subwavelength waveguides and demonstrate that the mechanism of material gain, previously suggested for loss compensation, is also a powerful tool to manipulate dispersion and propagation characteristics of electromagnetic pulses at the nanoscale. We show theoretically that the group velocity in lossy nanowaveguides can be controlled from slow to superluminal values by the material gain and waveguide geometry and develop an analytical description of the relevant physics. We utilize the developed formalism to show that gain-assisted dispersion management can be used to control the transition between "photonic-funnel" and "photonic-compressor" regimes in tapered nanowaveguides. The phenomenon of strong modulation of group velocity in subwavelength structures can be realized in waveguides with different geometries and is present for both volume and surface modes.
Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of the Class G Tetracycline Resistance Determinant from <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i> (1992)

The nucleotide sequence of the class G tetracycline resistance determinant previously isolated from Vibrio anguillarum has been determined. Two open reading frames of divergent polarity were identified. A resistance gene (tet A) encodes a protein of 393 amino acid residues (deduced molecular mass of 40.9 kDa), and a repressor gene (tet R) encodes a protein consisting of 210 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 23.6 kDa. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences, the proteins of tet A(G) and tet R(G) are about 60% homologous with those of RP1/Tn1721 (class A) and pSC101/pBR322 (class C), and about 50% homologous with Tn10 (class B). The relationship of the tet (G) sequence to five known tetracycline resistance determinants (class A to E) is discussed.
Peroxidase Activity May Play a Role in the Cytotoxic Effect of Indole Acetic Acid* (1997)

Peroxidase activity in neutrophils is higher than in thioglycollate macrophages, while in lymphocytes this enzyme activity is very low. Indole-3-acetic acid is oxidized by peroxidase and the role of this enzyme in the cytotoxic effect of the compound was evaluated by measuring oxygen consumption, light emission and cell death in neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes. The increase in light emission, oxygen consumption and rate of cell death in cells cultured in the presence of indole-3-acetic acid presented a direct correlation with the peroxidase activity of the cells as follows: neutrophils > thioglycollate macrophages > resident macrophages > lymphocytes. Indeed, in lymphocytes that possess very low peroxidase activity, indole-3-acetic acid did not result in an increase in light emission or oxygen consumption and it was not cytotoxic.
Effects of Extracellular Matrix Density and Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Neovascularization <i>In Vivo</i> (2010)

Aberrant angiogenesis is common to a variety of diseases in which alterations in tissue mechanical properties also occur. A fundamental understanding of the interdependence of angiogenesis and tissue structural properties may enhance the development of therapeutic strategies. We previously established that increasing extracellular matrix density inhibits capillary morphogenesis in three-dimensional tissues in vitro, and that addition of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) partially rescues a healthy angiogenic phenotype. This study's goal was to investigate if these effects can be recapitulated in vivo. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells, MSCs, or a mixture of both was suspended in fibrin gel precursor solutions of 5, 10, and 15 mg/mL concentrations and injected subcutaneously into SCID mice. Neovascularization was assessed in tissue constructs retrieved at 3, 7, and 21 days by quantifying vessel numbers, perfusion, thickness, maturity, and perivascular collagen deposition. The data show that changing extracellular matrix density inhibits capillary morphogenesis in vivo in a manner consistent with that observed in vitro. Delivery of both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and MSCs produced more robust and mature vessels than delivery of either cell type alone in all tissue concentrations.
Comparison of non-mutant and mutant waxy genes in rice and maize. (1988)

The waxy gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of amylose in endosperm and pollen, is genetically well characterized in many grasses including maize and rice. Homology between the previously cloned maize waxy gene and the rice gene has facilitated our cloning of a 15-kb HindIII fragment that contains the entire rice gene. A comparison of the restriction maps of the maize and rice genes indicates that many restriction sites within translated exons are conserved. In addition, the rice gene encodes a 2.4-kb transcript that programs the in vitro synthesis of a 64-kD pre-protein which is efficiently precipitated with maize waxy antisera. We demonstrate that these gene products are altered in rice strains containing mutant waxy genes. Southern blot analysis of 16 rice strains, ten containing waxy mutations, reveals that the waxy gene and flanking restriction fragments are virtually identical. These results contrast dramatically with the high level of insertions and deletions associated with restriction fragment length polymorphism and spontaneous mutations among the waxy alleles of maize.
Cerebral white matter integrity during primary HIV infection (2014)

In individuals assessed during PHI, group DTI measures suggested relative preservation of white matter microstructural integrity, but were associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier and estimated duration of infection.
Urethral stricture repair with an off-the-shelf collagen matrix. (2003)

Use of an off-the-shelf collagen inert matrix appears to be beneficial for patients with urethral strictures and obviates the need for obtaining an autologous graft, thus eliminating donor site morbidity.
Integrated Approach to Metering, Monitoring, and Leveling Practices, Part 1: Two-Channel Metering (2000)

For the last 30 years or so, film mix engineers have enjoyed the liberty and privilege of a controlled monitoring environment with a fixed (calibrated) monitor gain. The result has been a legacy of feature films, many with exciting dynamic range, and with consistent and natural-sounding dialogue, music, and effects levels. In contrast, the broadcast and music recording disciplines have entered a runaway loudness race, leading to chaos at the end of the twentieth century. An integrated system of metering and monitoring is proposed that will encourage more consistent leveling practices among the three disciplines. This system handles the issue of differing dynamic-range requirements far more elegantly and ergonomically than in the past. On the threshold of the introduction of a new high-resolution consumer audio format, there exists a unique opportunity to implement a twenty-first-century approach to leveling. It is also discussed how metadata (volume normalization) can be integrated with this metering and monitoring system.
Steady Rotational Flow of an Incompressible, Viscous Fluid Enclosed between Two Coaxial Cylinders (1955)

This paper gives a theoretical study of the two-dimensional flow of an incompressible, viscous fluid enclosed between two coaxial cylinders, one of which is oscillating. The Reynolds number is assumed to be small, and the Navier-Stokes differential equations are solved by means of the method of successive proximations. Both for the first and second order solution the proper boundary conditions are applied. We have shown that there exist two stationary circulation systems in every quadrant, and that the direction of circulation is opposite in these two systems. The circulation velocities are calculated in detail, and the results are compared with experimental results referred to in an earlier paper. Some new experimental results, which are not published yet, are briefly mentioned. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is excellent. In a discussion at the end of the paper we give the explanation of the remarkable fact that in some experiments the direction of circulation seems to reverse when the oscillation amplitude increases and exceeds a certain critical value.
Communication via LED (2014)

This paper describes the use of light as a medium for communication between two systems. It takes out the "optics from the optical fiber". It demonstrates transmission and reception of live data between two systems that do not have any physical communication between them. It's the same idea behind infrared remote controls but far more powerful. This paper envisions a future where data for laptops, smart phones, and tablets is transmitted through the light in a room. It establishes a way for creating a communication medium that can transfer data with much higher speeds as compared to current wireless networks. The methodology used is the conversion of SERIAL-to-TTL, and vice-versa. It takes input from the system (transmitter) and gives output in the form of TTL logic signals that ultimately drives the LED circuit, enabling it to glow, but actually it is transmitting data.
Modeling the p-n junction i-u characteristic for an accurate calibration-free temperature measurement (2000)

The p-n junction i-u characteristic model is decisive for the accuracy enhancement of calibration-free temperature measurement. In this paper, we give a survey of adapted physically-based p-n junction i-u characteristic models, such as the Ebers-Moll/sub 2/ the Ebers-Moll/sub 3/ and the Gummel-Poon model. Furthermore, we build new models through polynomial extensions to the fundamental Shockey model. The considered models were investigated with regard to the application of calibration-free temperature measurement. Experimental results show a model improvement with both physically and mathematically-based models.
HMMs and Coupled HMMs for multi-channel EEG classification (2003)

A variety of Coupled HMMs (CHMMs) have recently been proposed as extensions of HMM to better characterize multiple interdependent sequences. This paper introduces a novel distance coupled HMM. It then compares the performance of several HMM and CHMM models for a multi-channel EEG classification problem. The results show that, of all approaches examined, the multivariate HMM that has low computational complexity surprisingly outperforms all other models.