gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From heparin to EP217609: The long way to a new pentasaccharide-based neutralisable anticoagulant with an unprecedented pharmacological profile (2009)

The elucidation of the structure of the antithrombin binding sequence in heparin has given a large impulse to the rational design of heparin related drugs. De novo chemical synthesis of the corresponding pentasaccharide as well as simplified analogues has provided very specific, antithrombin-mediated inhibitors of factor Xa with various pharmacokinetic profiles. Fondaparinux and idraparinux are examples of such compounds that have found clinical application as antithrombotics. Because of the very specific binding to antithrombin the pharmacokinetics of pentasaccharides can be predicted and transferred to other molecules covalently bound to them. The new chemical entities thus obtained display a wide array of antithrombotic activities, giving improved heparin molecules as well as new anticoagulants, devoid of the undesired side effects of heparin and with unprecedented pharmacological profiles. In this context, a direct thrombin inhibitor was covalently coupled to a pentasaccharide by an inert spacer. This compound, EP42675 exerts antithrombin mediated anti-factor Xa activity together with direct thrombin inhibiting capacity. It displays favourable pharmacokinetics as imposed by the pentasaccharide. EP42675 was further modified by the introduction of a biotin moiety in its structure. The new entity obtained, EP217609 exerts the same pharmacological profile as EP42675 and it can be instantaneously neutralised by injection of avidin. Due to this unprecedented mechanism of anticoagulant activity and its ability to be neutralised, EP217609 deserves to be investigated in clinical settings where direct thrombin inhibition is required.
Genetic Selection for Health Traits Using Producer-Recorded Data. I. Incidence Rates, Heritability Estimates, and Sire Breeding Values (2004)

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of genetic selection for health traits in dairy cattle using data recorded in on-farm herd management software programs. Data regarding displaced abomasum (DA), ketosis (KET), mastitis (MAST), lameness (LAME), cystic ovaries (CYST), and metritis (MET) were collected between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2003 in herds using Dairy Comp 305, DHI-Plus, or PCDART herd management software programs. All herds in this study were either participants in the Alta Genetics (Watertown, WI) Advantage progeny testing program or customers of the Dairy Records Management Systems (Raleigh, NC) processing center. Minimum lactation incidence rates were applied to ensure adequate reporting of these disorders within individual herds. After editing, DA, KET, MAST, LAME, CYST, and MET data from 75,252 (313), 52,898 (250), 105,029 (429), 50,611 (212), 65,080 (340), and 97,318 (418) cows (herds) remained for analysis. Average lactation incidence rates were 0.03, 0.10, 0.20, 0.10, 0.08, and 0.21 for DA, KET, MAST, LAME, CYST, and MET (including retained placenta), respectively. Data for each disorder were analyzed separately using a threshold sire model that included a fixed parity effect and random sire and herd-year-season of calving effects; both first lactation and all lactation analyses were carried out. Heritability estimates from first lactation (all lactation) analyses were 0.18 (0.15) for DA, 0.11 (0.06) for KET, 0.10 (0.09) for MAST, 0.07 (0.06) for LAME, 0.08 (0.05) for CYST, and 0.08 (0.07) for MET. Corresponding heritability estimates for the pooled incidence rate of all diseases between calving and 50 d postpartum were 0.12 and 0.10 for the first and all lactation analyses, respectively. Mean differences in PTA for probability of disease between the 10 best and 10 worst sires were 0.034 for DA, 0.069 for KET, 0.130 for MAST, 0.054 for LAME, 0.039 for CYST, and 0.120 for MET. Based on the results of this study, it appears that genetic selection against common health disorders using data from on-farm recording systems is possible.
Atomic resonance filters (1988)

The atomic resonance filter (ARF) is an ultranarrowband (Q approximately 10/sup 5/-10/sup 6/), large-acceptance-angle, isotropic optical filter. These features make the device ideally suited for applications in which weak laser signals are detected against a continuum background. The filter properties arise from the physical processes of absorption, emission, and internal energy conversion in atomic vapors. The characteristics of the ARF are described and the underlying physics that governs the operation is discussed. Representative examples of passive, active, and IR filters are presented. A metastable ARF that offers improved solar background-limited performance by filtering signals at Fraunhofer wavelengths is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlling the reaction kinetics of sodium carbonate-activated slag cements using calcined layered double hydroxides (2015)

In this study, Na2CO3-activated slag cements were produced from four different blast furnace slags, each blended with a calcined layered double hydroxide (CLDH) derived from thermally treated hydrotalcite. The aim was to expedite the reaction kinetics of these cements, which would otherwise react and harden very slowly. The inclusion of CLDH in these Na2CO3-activated cements accelerates the reaction, and promotes hardening within 24 h. The MgO content of the slag also defines the reaction kinetics, associated with the formation of hydrotalcite-type LDH as a reaction product. The effectiveness of the CLDH is associated with removal of dissolved CO32 − from the fresh cement, yielding a significant rise in the pH, and also potential seeding effects. The key factor controlling the reaction kinetics of Na2CO3-activated slag cements is the activator functional group, and therefore these cements can be designed to react more rapidly by controlling the slag chemistry and/or including reactive additives.
Entropy change when charging a capacitor: A demonstration experiment (1986)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation F. Heinrich; Entropy change when charging a capacitor: A demonstration experiment. Am. J. Phys. 1 August 1986; 54 (8): 742–744. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.14468 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAmerican Association of Physics TeachersAmerican Journal of Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
[Characteristics of demographic processes in the town of Novopolotsk]. (2004)

The study of demographic parameters in the town of Novopolotsk in 1970-1999 suggests that the most important causes of death among the town's population during this period are cardiovascular diseases (their proportion was 33.4-51.1%), malignant neoplasms (16.5-19.9%), and injuries (5.6-10.5%). In addition, there is an increase in mortality rates due to endocrine, respiratory, digestive, urogenital diseases, suicides, and injuries. In Novopolotsk residents, the main causes of death from cardiovascular diseases are atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and hypertensive disease.
Kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between ozone and hydrogen peroxide in aqueous solutions (1999)

Abstract A kinetic model has been developed, taking into account both decomposition of ozone molecules and interactions between ozone and hydrogen peroxide for formation of hydroxyl radical and subsequent reactions. Experiments were carried out at 25°C in the pH range of 3 to 13, indicating that the depletion rate of ozone increases with the concentrations of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl ion, as predicted by the kinetic model. Adverse scavenging reactions, however, also play significant roles at sufficient concentration ratios of hydrogen peroxide to ozone and high concentrations of hydroxyl ion in reducing the depletion rate. Results of this research suggest, that it is most desirable to conduct the peroxone oxidation for pollutant destruction by the hydroxyl radical reaction in alkaline solutions of pH below 11, while maintaining about the same concentration of ozone and hydrogen peroxide.
Preparation of Platinum Nanoparticle and Its Catalytic Activity for Toluene Oxidation (2011)

Colloidal Pt nanoparticles are prepared using H2PtCl6 as a precursor, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP: molecular weight = 10,000 and 40,000) and hydrogen as a stabilizing agent and a reducing agent, respectively. The amounts of the precursor and the stabilizing agent and the molecular weight of PVP have an effect on the formation of Pt nanoparticles. Supported Pt catalyst (CSPt) is prepared from colloidal Pt nanoparticles and y-Al2O3. Another supported Pt catalyst (ISPt) is prepared by using the conventional incipient wetness impregnation method with an aqueous H2PtCl6 solution and gamma-Al2O3. The catalytic activities of CSPt and ISPt catalysts are compared for VOC (toluene) oxidation. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), UV-vis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) are used to characterize CSPt and ISPt catalysts. The experimental results reveal that the catalytic activity of CSPt is superior to that of ISPT.
An Escherichia coli K-12 tktA tktB mutant deficient in transketolase activity requires pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as well as the aromatic amino acids and vitamins for growth (1994)

We show that a tktA tktB double mutant, which is devoid of the two known transketolase isoenzymes of Escherichia coli K-12, requires pyridoxine (vitamin B6) as well as the aromatic amino acids and vitamins for growth. This pyridoxine requirement can also be satisfied by 4-hydroxy-L-threonine or glycolaldehyde. These results provide direct evidence that D-erythrose-4-phosphate is a precursor of the pyridine ring of pyridoxine. In addition, they show that the two major E. coli transketolase isoenzymes are not required for the biosynthesis of D-1-deoxyxylulose, which is thought to be another precursor of pyridoxine.
Assessment of data and knowledge fusion strategies for prognostics and health management (2002)

Various data, feature and knowledge fusion strategies and architectures have been developed over the last several years for improving upon the accuracy, robustness and overall effectiveness of anomaly, diagnostic and prognostic technologies. Fusion of relevant sensor data, maintenance database information, and outputs from various diagnostic and prognostic technologies has proven effective in reducing false alarm rates, increasing confidence levels in early fault detection, and predicting time to failure or degraded condition requiring maintenance action. The data fusion strategies discussed are principally probabilistic in nature and are used to aid in directly identifying confidence bounds associated with specific component fault identifications and predictions. Dempster-Shafer fusion, Bayesian inference, fuzzy-logic inference, neural network fusion and simple weighting/voting are the algorithmic approaches that are discussed. Data fusion architectures such as centralized fusion, autonomous fusion, and hybrid fusion are described in terms of their applicability to fault diagnosis and prognosis. The final goal is to find the optimal combination of measured system data, data fusion algorithms, and associated architectures for obtaining the highest overall prediction/detection confidence levels associated with a specific application. To achieve this goal, a set of metrics has been developed for gauging the performance and effectiveness of a fusion strategy. Specifically, this paper demonstrates how various metrics are used for assessing individual and fused vibration-based diagnostic algorithms. Evaluation of the diagnostic strategies was performed using gearbox seeded-fault and accelerated failure data.
Destabilizing NEK2 overcomes resistance to proteasome inhibition in multiple myeloma (2018)

Drug resistance remains the key problem in cancer treatment. It is now accepted that each myeloma patient harbors multiple subclones and subclone dominance may change over time. The coexistence of multiple subclones with high or low chromosomal instability (CIN) signature causes heterogeneity and drug resistance with consequent disease relapse. In this study, using a tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry (TAP-MS) technique, we found that NEK2, a CIN gene, was bound to the deubiquitinase USP7. Binding to USP7 prevented NEK2 ubiquitination resulting in NEK2 stabilization. Increased NEK2 kinase levels activated the canonical NF-κB signaling pathway through the PP1α/AKT axis. Newly diagnosed myeloma patients with activated NF-κB signaling through increased NEK2 activity had poorer event-free and overall survivals based on multiple independent clinical cohorts. We also found that NEK2 activated heparanase, a secreted enzyme, responsible for bone destruction in an NF-κB-dependent manner. Intriguingly, both NEK2 and USP7 inhibitors showed great efficacy in inhibiting myeloma cell growth and overcoming NEK2-induced and -acquired drug resistance in xenograft myeloma mouse models.
Perceptually Adaptive Lagrangian Multiplier for HEVC Guided Rate-Distortion Optimization (2018)

Recent video coding standards typically use the Rate-distortion optimization (RDO) method, which is essential to appropriately perform mode decisions during encoding process. The newest standard high efficiency video coding (HEVC) introduces complex encoding structures and strong dependency between coding units. Particularly, the Lagrangian multiplier is a primary factor in RDO procedure, which directly affects the rate-distortion (R-D) performance and is defined for an entire video frame. This paper proposes a novel approach for perceptually guiding the RDO process in HEVC. The reference encoder does not consider effectively the perceptual characteristics of the input video and further, the visual sensitivity of each coding tree unit (CTU) in a frame. Inspired by the mechanisms of the human visual system, the proposed solution is a CTU-level adjustment of Lagrangian value based on a set of complementary perceptual features. The proposed scheme concerns important visual information of a CTU and its temporal dependency with adjacent blocks. Feature extraction is implemented in the frequency domain using efficient spatio-temporal analysis. In our experiments, we opted a perceptual mean squared error (MSE) metric and structural similarity (SSIM) index. According to perceptual MSE metric, the BD-rate savings using the Bjontegaard delta measurements, were fairly convincing over the state-of-the-art HEVC software HM16.12; 4.41% and 6.14% for random access (RA) and low delay (LD) encoding settings, respectively. Using SSIM, the BD-Rate achieved 6.95% and 9.86% for RA and LD settings, respectively. The proposed method further demonstrates a superior R-D performance over a compared approach adopting a similar scheme.
Group-III nitride VCSEL structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2000)

III-nitride VCSEL structures designed for electron-beam pumping have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The structures consist of a sapphire substrate on which an AlN/GaN distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with peak reflectance >99% at 402 nm is deposited. The active region consists of a 2-(lambda) cavity with 25 In<SUB>0.1</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.9</SUB>N/GaN multiquantum wells (MQWs) whose emission coincides with the high reflectance region of the DBR. The thicknesses of the InGaN wells and the GaN barriers are 35 angstrom and 75 angstrom respectively. The top reflector consists of a silver metallic mirror which prevents charging effects during electron-beam pumping. The structure was pumped from the top- side with a cw electron-beam using a modified cathodoluminescence (CL) system mounted on a scanning electron microscope chamber. Light output was collected from the polished sapphire substrate side. Measurements performed at 100 K showed intense emission at 407 nm with narrowing of the linewidth with increasing beam current. A narrow emission linewidth of 0.7 nm was observed indicating the onset of stimulated emission.
Characterization of Binding and Inhibitory Properties of TAK-063, a Novel Phosphodiesterase 10A Inhibitor (2015)

Phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) inhibition is a novel and promising approach for the treatment of central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease. A novel PDE10A inhibitor, TAK-063 [1-[2-fluoro-4-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)phenyl]-5-methoxy-3-(1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-pyridazin-4(1H)-one] has shown high inhibitory activity and selectivity for human recombinant PDE10A2 in vitro; the half-maximal inhibitory concentration was 0.30 nM, and selectivity over other phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was more than 15000-fold. TAK-063 at 10 µM did not show more than 50% inhibition or stimulation of 91 enzymes or receptors except for PDEs. In vitro autoradiography (ARG) studies using rat brain sections revealed that [3H]TAK-063 selectively accumulated in the caudate putamen (CPu), nucleus accumbens (NAc), globus pallidus, substantia nigra, and striatonigral projection, where PDE10A is highly expressed. This [3H]TAK-063 accumulation was almost entirely blocked by an excess amount of MP-10, a PDE10A selective inhibitor, and the accumulation was not observed in brain slices of Pde10a-knockout mice. In rat brain sections, [3H]TAK-063 bound to a single high-affinity site with mean ± SEM dissociation constants of 7.2 ± 1.2 and 2.6 ± 0.5 nM for the CPu and NAc shell, respectively. Orally administered [14C]TAK-063 selectively accumulated in PDE10A expressing brain regions in an in vivo ARG study in rats. Striatal PDE10A occupancy by TAK-063 in vivo was measured using T-773 as a tracer and a dose of 0.88 mg/kg (p.o.) was calculated to produce 50% occupancy in rats. Translational studies with TAK-063 and other PDE10A inhibitors such as those presented here will help us better understand the pharmacological profile of this class of potential central nervous system drugs.
Principal Components Regression in Exploratory Statistical Research (1965)

Abstract Regression upon principal components of the percentage points of the income and education distributions for 1950 census tracts in the city of Chicago led to the estimation of “beta coefficient profiles” for television receiver and refrigerator ownership, for central heating system usage, and for a measure of dwelling unit overcrowding. The betas are standardized coefficients of regression of a dependent variable upon the proportions of families in the classes of the marginal income and education distributions. They measure the relative contribution of families in these classes to the over-all per cent saturation of the dependent variable in the tract. The coefficients were estimated by techniques developed in the first portion of the paper; estimation by classical regression methods would have been impossible because of multicollinearity. The empirical results are in substantial agreement with findings from regressions of the dependent variables upon the mean values of income and education, and their squares. The statistical devices appear to be useful in exploratory empirical research.
Recovery of residual bitumen from oil sand sludges (1982)

Abstract Factorial experiments were conducted to examine the effects of dilution, caustic addition and lime addition on the recovery of residual bitumen by flotation from oil sands tailings sludges. Dilution was found to be the most significant variable, and it was established that close to 100% recovery of the substantial quantity of residual bitumen could be achieved by flotation, after diluting 1 volume of sludge with 2 volumes of water. These results indicate that physical and chemical changes in the sludges may have occurred, during the storage period, to place the residual bitumen in a more accessible form. Atomic absorption analysis and infra‐red data on the sludge fractions indicate that the changes could have resulted from the interaction between calcium ion, present in the system in low concentrations, and surface active materials responsible for stabilizing the bitumen dispersed in the tailings.
Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation applied to P+N junction solar cells (2006)

Plasma immersion ion implantation is an alternative doping technique for the formation of Ultra Shallow Junctions in semiconductor. In this study, we present the PIII technology developed by the company Ion Beam Services and called PULSION®. We explain the advantages of PIII for the conception of thin emitter solar cells and the use of N type silicon in the fabrication of photodiode. Electrical characterisations of solar cells prepared by immersion of silicon wafer in BF3 plasma are presented, showing a satisfying photovoltaic behaviour and more specially an increase of internal quantum efficiency in the short wavelength range, due to the thickness of the emitter.
Establishing a trade-off between unicast and multicast retransmission modes for reliable multicast protocols (2002)

The conventional approach to reliable multicast in computer networks relies on the retransmission on demand of lost packets. Existing multicast protocols adopt a static packet retransmission scheme (unicast or multicast) to retransmit these packets often leading to performance loss due to wasting bandwidth resources. This is worse if we consider the limited bandwidth resources wireless interfaces currently offer. Therefore, careful continuous monitoring and control is fundamental in these wireless mobile environments. This paper looks at solutions to the retransmission problem while taking into consideration network topology and the number of fixed and mobile users. Precise conditions and rules for packet retransmission are set taking into account the dynamics of the network state. Finally, this algorithm has been incorporated into a reliable multicast protocol with support to mobile users, known as the reliable mobile multicast protocol (RM2), for performance analysis.
Synthesis and Turnover of Cytoskeletal Proteins in Cultured Astrocytes (1984)

We previously reported that the cytoskeleton of rat astrocytes in primary culture contains vimentin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and actin. These proteins were found in a fraction insoluble in Triton X-100 and thought to be assembled in filamentous structures. We now used primary astrocyte cultures to study the kinetics of synthesis and turnover of these cytoskeletal proteins. The intermediate filament proteins were among the most actively synthesized by astrocytes. High levels of synthesis were detectable by the third day of culture in the early log phase of growth, and the pattern of labeling at day 3 was similar to that at 14 days when the cultures had reached confluency. In short-term incorporation experiments vimentin, GFAP, and actin in the Triton-insoluble fraction were labeled within 5 min after exposure of the cultures to radioactive leucine. We did not detect any saturation of labeling for up to 6 h of incubation. The turnover of filament proteins studied by following the decay of radioactivity from prelabeled vimentin, GFAP, and cytoskeletal actin displayed biphasic decay kinetics for all three proteins. In the initial phase a fast-decaying pool with a half-life of 12-18 h contributed about 40% of the total activity in each protein. A major portion, about 60%, of each protein, however, decayed much more slowly, exhibiting a half-life of about 8 days.