gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Antigen Peptide Vaccines against<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Malaria (2010)

The multiple antigen peptide (MAP) approach is an effective method to chemically synthesize and deliver multiple T-cell and B-cell epitopes as the constituents of a single immunogen. Here we report on the design, chemical synthesis, and immunogenicity of three Plasmodium falciparum MAP vaccines that incorporated antigenic epitopes from the sporozoite, liver, and blood stages of the life cycle. Antibody and cellular responses were determined in three inbred (C57BL/6, BALB/c, and A/J) strains, one congenic (HLA-A2 on the C57BL/6 background) strain, and one outbred strain (CD1) of mice. All three MAPs were immunogenic and induced both antibody and cellular responses, albeit in a somewhat genetically restricted manner. Antibodies against MAP-1, MAP-2, and MAP-3 had an antiparasite effect that was also dependent on the mouse major histocompatibility complex background. Anti-MAP-1 (CSP-based) antibodies blocked the invasion of HepG2 liver cells by P. falciparum sporozoites (highest, 95.16% in HLA-A2 C57BL/6; lowest, 11.21% in BALB/c). Furthermore, antibodies generated following immunizations with the MAP-2 (PfCSP, PfLSA-1, PfMSP-1(42), and PfMSP-3b) and MAP-3 (PfRAP-1, PfRAP-2, PfSERA, and PfMSP-1(42)) vaccines were able to reduce the growth of blood stage parasites in erythrocyte cultures to various degrees. Thus, MAP-based vaccines remain a viable option to induce effective antibody and cellular responses. These results warrant further development and preclinical and clinical testing of the next generation of candidate MAP vaccines that are based on the conserved protective epitopes from Plasmodium antigens that are widely recognized by populations of divergent HLA types from around the world.
Equality of opportunity and optimal effort decision under uncertainty (2009)

We analyze a society that cares about inequality of opportunity. We propose adynamic setting in which effort is a decision variable that individuals adopt as asolution of an explicit utility maximization program. Effort determines themonetary outcome and it depends on the individual's preferences andcircumstances. The planner designs an incentive scheme so as to foster higherincomes, reducing the opportunity cost of effort and productivity for the lessfavoured agents. Income is assumed to be random, and contrary to the generalneutral assumption, we obtain that luck does have a biased and persistent effect onincome distribution that may be regarded as unfair. We also study the planner's optimal policy when she cannot infer perfectly the individual's responsibility feature.
Functional Characterization of the Adenylyl Cyclase Gene <i>sgs-1</i> by Analysis of a Mutational Spectrum in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2002)

The sgs-1 (suppressor of activated Galpha(s)) gene encodes one of the four adenylyl cyclases in the nematode C. elegans and is most similar to mammalian adenylyl cyclase type IX. We isolated a complete loss-of-function mutation in sgs-1 and found it to result in animals with retarded development that arrest in variable larval stages. sgs-1 mutant animals exhibit lethargic movement and pharyngeal pumping and (while not reaching adulthood) have a mean life span that is > 50% extended compared to wild type. An extensive set of reduction-of-function mutations in sgs-1 was isolated in a screen for suppressors of a neuronal degeneration phenotype induced by the expression of a constitutively active version of the heterotrimeric Galpha(s) subunit of C. elegans. Although most of these mutations change conserved residues within the catalytic domains of sgs-1, mutations in the less-conserved transmembrane domains are also found. The sgs-1 reduction-of-function mutants are viable and have reduced locomotion rates, but do not show defects in pharyngeal pumping or life span.
Optische Instrumente (1922)

Als optische Instrumente im allgemeinsten Sinne des Wortes kann man alle die Instrumente bezeichnen, deren Konstruktion im wesentlichen auf den Erscheinungen der Reflexion., Brechung, Farbenzerlegung, Polarisation, Interferenz usw. des Lichts beruht. Hierher kann man eine große Zahl von Instrumenten rechnen, mit denen wir uns zum Teil schon früher bekannt gemacht haben, wie Spektroskope, Goniometer, Photometer und andere Instrumente, die wir zum Teil noch kennen lernen werden. Im engeren Sinne des Wortes bezeichnet man als optische Instrumente solche Apparate, die dem Sehen zugute kommen, zur genaueren Betrachtung von Gegenständen dienen, als dies mit „unbewaffnetem“ Auge möglich ist; hierher gehören Lupe, Mikroskop, Fernrohr. Auch die Projektionslaterne und das Stereoskop können hierher gerechnet werden.
Solvato-Controlled Doping of Conducting Polymers (1998)

Silver(I) is employed to dope poly(3-alkylthiophenes) (P3ATs) and other conjugated polymers. Solutions containing silver(I) salts and P3ATs, which usually undergo spontaneous reaction, doping, and precipitation, were stabilized using coordinating ligands that modify the reduction potential of the Ag(I) species. Upon removal of the coordinating ligand, spontaneous oxidative doping of the polymer occurred. Uniform electronically conducting films were thus obtained by simultaneous evaporation of both solvent and Ag(I)-coordinating liganda process termed “solvato-controlled doping”. Doping was observed with a variety of silver(I) salts consisting of relatively electronegative counterions, whereas a series of poly(3-alkylthiophenes) possessing increasing head-to-head dyad content showed a decreasing tendency to undergo Ag(I)-doping due to the increasingly positive oxidation potential of the polymer. Solvato-controlled doping of polyaniline and poly(3-methoxythiophene) with Ag(I) is also described, thus demonstrating the applicability of this approach to other conducting polymer systems.
Hypoglycemic effect of processed fenugreek seeds in humans (1996)

Effect of raw, boiled and germinated fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenum gracum) on post-prandial levels in normal (controls) and non-insulin dependent diabetic human subjects was studied. Experiment recipes wherein powdered seeds of raw, boiled and germinated fenugreek were incorporated into the pongal (a traditional recipe) at the levels of 12.5 g each were served to the subjects at breakfast. Pongal without fenugreek was used as a control. Fasting blood glucose, mean % peak rise, area under curve (AUC) and % glycemic response were studied in all the subjects, before and after consuming the control and experimental recipes. Raw and germinated fenugreek significantly (P<0.05) reduced the post-prandial blood glucose levels in all the subjects, as compared to control recipe (without fenugreek) and boiled fenugreek.
Increased expression of phospholipase D1 in the brains of scrapie‐infected mice (2005)

Mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical-induced oxidative damage are critical factors in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, phospholipid breakdown by phospholipase D (PLD) has been recognized as an important signalling pathway in the nervous system. Here, we examined the expression of PLD and alteration of membrane phospholipid in scrapie brain. We have found that protein expression and enzyme activity of PLD1 were increased in scrapie brains compared with controls; in particular, there was an increase in the mitochondrial fraction. PLD1 in mitochondrial membranes from scrapie brains, but not from control brains, was tyrosine phosphorylated. Furthermore, the concentration of mitochondrial phospholipids such as phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine was increased and the content of phosphatidic acid, a product of PLD activity, was up-regulated in the mitochondrial membrane fractions. Immunohistochemically, PLD1 immunoreactivity was significantly increased in activated astrocytes in both cerebral cortex and hippocampus of scrapie brains. Taken together, these results suggest that PLD activation might induce alterations in mitochondrial lipids and, in turn, mediate mitochondrial dysfunction in the brains of scrapie-infected mice.
The Application of Constrained Least Squares Estimation to Image Restoration by Digital Computer (1973)

Constrained least squares estimation is a technique for solution of integral equations of the first kind. The problem of image restoration requires the solution of an integral equation of the first kind. However, application of constrained least squares estimation to image restoration requires the solution of extremely large linear systems of equations. In this paper we demonstrate that, for convolution-type models of image restoration, special properties of the linear system of equations can be used to reduce the computational requirements. The necessary computations can be carried out by the fast Fourier transform, and the constrained least squares estimate can be constructed in the discrete frequency domain. A practical procedure for constrained least squares estimation is presented, and two examples are shown as output from a program for the CDC 7600 computer which performs the constrained least squares restoration of digital images.
A situation awareness model applied to multiple domains (2005)

Full Spectrum Dominance, or as defined by Joint Vision 2020, the ability to be persuasive in peace, decisive in war and preeminent in any form of conflict, cannot be accomplished without the ability to know what the adversary is currently doing as well as the capacity to correctly anticipate the adversary's future actions. A key component in the ability to predict the adversary's intention is Situation Awareness (SA). In this paper we provide a discussion of an SA model, examine a specific instantiation of the model and demonstrate how it has been applied to two specific domains: Global Monitoring and Cyber Awareness. We conclude this paper with a discussion on future work.
Urethral sphincter EMG-controlled dorsal penile/clitoral nerve stimulation to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (2011)

The goal of this study was to investigate whether real-time external urethral sphincter (EUS) EMG-controlled dorsal genital nerve (DGN) stimulation can suppress undesired detrusor bladder contractions in patients with both neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) and detrusor sphincter dyssynergia (DSD). Detrusor pressure (Pdet) and EUS EMG were recorded in 12 neurogenic patients who underwent two filling cystometries. The first one was without stimulation and was intended to confirm the NDO and DSD and to set the EMG detection threshold. The second one was with real-time EMG-controlled stimulation of DGNs. Two detection methods were analyzed to detect bladder contractions. The first method was a Kurtosis-scaled root mean square (RMS) detector and was used on-line. The second was a simple RMS detector and was used off-line. Of 12 patients included, 10 patients showed both NDO and DSD. In nine of these ten patients relevant EMG concomitant to detrusor activity was detected and stimulation could suppress at least one detrusor contraction. The second filling compared to the first one showed an increase of 84% in bladder capacity (p = 0.002) and a decrease of 106% in Pdet (p = 0.002). Nine false-positive detections occurred during the ten fillings with electrical stimulation. The mean increases of both time and Pdet between stimulation and bladder contraction onsets for method 1 were 1.8 s and 4 cmH(2)O and for method 2 were 0.9 s and 2 cmH(2)O, respectively. This study shows that EUS EMG can be used in real time to detect the onset of a bladder contraction. In combination with DGN stimulation has been shown to be feasible to suppress undesired bladder contractions and in turn to increase bladder capacity in subjects with both NDO and DSD.
Spatial Based Feature Generation for Machine Learning Based Optimization Compilation (2010)

Modern compilers provide optimization options to obtain better performance for a given program. Effective selection of optimization options is a challenging task. Recent work has shown that machine learning can be used to select the best compiler optimization options for a given program. Machine learning techniques rely upon selecting features which represent a program in the best way. The quality of these features is critical to the performance of machine learning techniques. Previous work on feature selection for program representation is based on code size, mostly executed parts, parallelism and memory access patterns with-in a program. Spatial based information-how instructions are distributed with-in a program-has never been studied to generate features for the best compiler options selection using machine learning techniques. In this paper, we present a framework that address how to capture the spatial information with-in a program and transform it to features for machine learning techniques. An extensive experimentation is done using the SPEC2006 and MiBench benchmark applications. We compare our work with the IBM Milepost-gcc framework. The Milepost work gives a comprehensive set of features for using machine learning techniques for the best compiler options selection problem. Results show that the performance of machine learning techniques using spatial based features is better than the performance using the Milepost framework. With 66 available compiler options, we are also able to achieve 70% of the potential speed up obtained through an iterative compilation.
Aspartic Proteases in Drug Discovery (2006)

Aspartic proteases are the smallest class of human proteases with only 15 members. Over the past years, they have received considerable attention as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention since many have been shown to play important roles in physiological and pathological processes. Despite numerous efforts, however, the only inhibitors for aspartic proteases currently on the market are directed against the HIV protease, an aspartic protease of viral origin. Nevertheless, several inhibitors including those targeting renin, BACE1 and gamma-secretase are in clinical or preclinical development, and some other aspartic proteases are discussed as potential drug target. The crystal structures of seven human aspartic proteases have now been solved and, together with a detailed kinetic understanding of their catalytic mechanism, this has greatly contributed to the design and discovery of novel inhibitors for this protease class. This review describes current aspartic protease drug targets and summarizes the drug discovery efforts in this field. In addition, it highlights recent developments which may lead to a new generation of aspartic protease inhibitors.
The Heart of Desire (2007)

Not so long ago, the University of Chicago hosted an expansive debate on 'the nature, history and power of eros', resulting in a book entitled Erotikon: Essays on Eros, Ancient and Modern, edited by Shadi Bartsch and Thomas Bartscherer, and published in 2005. It makes for painful reading: not through any intellectual failure, but rather by suggesting too much happiness for the participants and the worst, least bearable sort of happiness: sexual fulfilment. It is a conceit, a premise, of these essays that one is sexually well serviced; that one's sexual life is a source of reliable joy, disturbed by nothing more disturbing than essay-length, erudite reflections on Proust and Plato. It's as if all the contributors were flirting and coupling and discussing and decoupling without any complications of guilt or jealousy; without any miserable failures; with no secret longings turned to ridicule; no-one feeling hurt that their time was over or had not arrived or that one they coveted was coveting another. It is human sexuality with the 'human' extracted: eros without tears.
Morphology of flowers and inflorescences (1990)

Part 1 Morphology of flowers: definition and morphological derivation of the flower, phlyogenetic aspects topological and symmetry properties of the flower the receptacle the perianth the androecium the gynoecium nectaries. Part 2 Morphology of the inflorescence: definition, descriptive terminology and classification of inflorescences typology of inflorescences special cases of inflorescence structure. Part 3 The flower as a formal and functional entity - aspects of the biology of pollination and dispersal mechanisms of self-pollination mechanisms which facilitate cross-pollination the fruit (the flower at the stage when the seeds are ripe) infructescences.
Integrating mechatronic thinking and multi-agent approaches (2012)

The paper introduces a concept for the combination of mechatronic unit and multi-agent system approaches. It highlights how combining both approaches to a new kind of integrated system architecture may enforce the dissemination and reusability of methods and automatisms developed for one specific system architecture to other similar ones. Additionally it will show how this integrated architecture leads to a better exchange of Automation architectures in general. Thus, all systems compliant with the described architecture may benefit from methods and automatism applicable for a broad range of systems. The suitability of this integration approach is verified by using the example of a washing machine production line.
Folding and Assembly of Fibroin Driven by an AC Electric Field: Effects on Film Properties (2008)

Silk fibroin from Bombyx mori is a high-molecular-weight protein, largely employed in the biomaterials field. Several parameters can affect the folding and assembly of fibroin heavy and light chains. The present work has shown that anisotropic and water-stable films are produced when fibroin solution is cast under an alternating electric field (AC). The treatment can affect the mechanical, thermal and surface properties of fibroin films. These effects have been related to the alignment of molecular dipoles and the formation of oriented supramolecular assemblies. Cell response is affected by this novel processing: MRC5 fibroblasts, cultured on anisotropic fibroin films, preferentially spread parallel to the field direction 6 h after seeding. [Figure: see text].
Amino Acids. II. Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidino Acids<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAmino Acids. II. Synthesis of Cyclic Guanidino Acids1A. F. McKay and W. G. HattonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 8, 1618–1620Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01589a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01589a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views397Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide Area Differential GPS (1990)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) has
proven to be an extremely accurate positioning
sensor for a wide variety of applications.
However in some situations, such as aircraft
approach and landing, higher accuracy is
required. Wide Area Differential GPS (WADGPS)
is a system which could be used to meet such
requirements. The WADGPS system is comprised
of a master station, and local monitor stations
distributed across the United States. The
WADGPS system calculates and transmits a
vector of error corrections to the users. This
correction vector consists of parameters
describing the three dimensional ephemeris
errors, satellite clock offsets, and ionospheric
time delay parameters. The master station
gathers GPS measurements made at each of the
local stations and estimates the errors using a
combination of batch least squares plus either
nonlinear static estimation or Kalman filtering
algorithm. The performance of a 15 station
WADGPS network was investigated by simulation
for users at sites across the U.S. The monitor
stations were located at existing LORAN or VOR
stations. Simulation results indicate that normal
GPS positioning errors can potentially be reduced
by more than 95% using WADGPS.
Transfer of Micro‐organisms between Nurses and Patients in a Clean Air Environment (1974)

S ummary . A uni‐directional downflow (‘laminar’flow) ventilation system for a single‐bed patient‐room is described. It produced clean air at velocities as low as 0.12 m/sec (25 ft/min). Bacteriological studies on bed‐making done in the room showed that strains of Staphylococcus aureus carried on the nurses’external clothing were often transferred to the patients’bedclothes. This possible route of patient infection was almost eliminated when the nurses wore disposable plastic aprons over their dresses.
Spot Pricing and Its Relation to Other Load Management Methods (1983)

The purpose of this review report is to outline the basic concepts of spot pricing and to review the background of electrical load management. For a more complete review of the literature on spot pricing, the reader is referred to the appendix to this paper. This report begins with a description of the concepts of spot pricing which, it is argued, offers the rationale for other load management techniques currently in use in the U.S. and Europe. It also can form the basis for load management tariffs such as the &quot;Green Tariff &quot; and time of use rates. Instantaneous Spot Price Since electricity is a non-storable good and its cost varies on a real time basis, the allocation of electricity generated to various uses should ideally be determined on a real time basis in order to minimize utility costs and maximize customer benefits. Indeed, the sum of customer benefits and utility savings can be maximized by economic dispatch on the generation side. On the customer side it can be maximized by consumer decisions based on an &quot;instantaneous spot price&quot; reflecting generating system costs and the value to consumers of electricity usage. Ignoring for the time the impact of the transmission and distribution network on generating costs (through losses, line overloads, etc.) the following relationship holds;