gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The epidemiology of multiple-clone <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> infections in Gambian patients (1991)

The occurrence of multiple-clone Plasmodium falciparum haploid blood-stage infections is a pre-requisite for cross-fertilization and genetic exchange at the diploid stage in the mosquito. Using monoclonal antibodies against 3 polymorphic blood-stage antigens, a method of two-colour differential immunofluorescence allowed the resolution of between 1 and 4 clones/isolate. A mean of 2 P. falciparum clones was detected in the blood of malaria patients in The Gambia. The mean number of clones/patient showed no correlation with age, parasitaemia, or disease severity. There was a slight difference in mean number between sample periods, probably reflecting temporal differences in transmission intensity. A statistical analysis of 2-locus genetic diversity of clones within isolates concludes that not all multiple-clone infections result from superinfection, but that some are due to single multiple-clone inoculations.
Dissection of two soybean QTL conferring partial resistance to Phytophthora sojae through sequence and gene expression analysis (2012)

These findings may indicate a complex defense network with multiple mechanisms underlying these two soybean QTL conferring resistance to P. sojae. SNP markers derived from these candidate genes can contribute to fine mapping of QTL and marker assisted breeding for resistance to P. sojae.
Making Sense of Intratumor Genetic Heterogeneity: Altered Frequency of Androgen Receptor CAG Repeat Length Variants in Breast Cancer Tissues (2013)

To examine the significance of intratumor genetic heterogeneity (ITGH) of the androgen receptor (AR) gene in breast cancer, patient-matched samples of laser capture microdissected breast tumor cells, adjacent normal breast epithelia cells, and peripheral blood leukocytes were sequenced using a novel next generation sequencing protocol. This protocol measured the frequency of distribution of a variable AR CAG repeat length, a functional polymorphism associated with breast cancer risk. All samples exhibited some degree of ITGH with up to 30 CAG repeat length variants identified. Each type of tissue exhibited a different distribution profile of CAG repeat lengths with substantial differences in the frequencies of zero and 18-25 CAG AR variants. Tissue differences in the frequency of ARs with each of these CAG repeat lengths were significant as measured by paired, twin t-tests. These results suggest that preferential selection of 18-25 CAG repeat length variants in breast tumors may be associated with breast cancer, and support the observation that shorter CAG repeats may protect against breast cancer. They also suggest that merely identifying variant genes will be insufficient to determine the critical mutational events of oncogenesis, which will require measuring the frequency of distribution of mutations within cancerous and matching normal tissues.
Evidence for importance of the Staphylococcus hyicus lipase pro-peptide in lipase secretion, stability and activity (1994)

To investigate the function of the pro-peptide (PP) region of the Staphylococcus hyicus exolipase, restriction sites were created in the lipase gene to facilitate the construction of deletions in this region. Lipase gene expression was carried out in Staphylococcus carnosus. In the presence of the entire PP region, the 86-kDa pro-lipase was efficiently exported, had high lipolytic activity, and hardly any degradation products were seen in Western blot analysis. In addition to the 86-kDa pro-lipase, the membrane fraction contained a 106-kDa immunoreactive form. If the PP was completely or partially deleted, signal peptide processing, lipase secretion, lipase activity and/or lipase stability were impaired. The results obtained with lipase PP deletion mutants indicate that the PP region may have two functional domains. The N-terminal region of the lipase PP appears to be more important for lipase activity and the C-terminal portion for lipase secretion and proteolytic stability. In the presence of only the C-terminal part of the PP lipase, secretion was hardly affected. However, the activity of the extracellular lipase was markedly reduced. If only a small portion of the C-terminal part of the PP was present, lipase secretion was again markedly reduced and no lipase activity was detectable. In the presence of the N-terminal half of the PP region, lipase secretion was affected to a lesser extent. However, the resulting 60-kDa form, which showed comparably good specific lipase activity, suffered severe proteolytic degradation.
Synthesis, Structure, and Solution Dynamics of Neutral Allylnickel Complexes of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2006)

Neutral allylnickel complexes of the general formula [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Im)Br] (where Im = 1,3-di-tert-butylimidazol-2-ylidene (tBu2Im), 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene (Me4Im), 1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidine (Me2Im)) were prepared from the reaction of the dimer [Ni(η3-C3H5)Br]2 with 2 equiv of the corresponding free N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The halide exchange of Br- by I- can be easily performed, giving rise to compounds of the type [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Im)I]. The new complexes [Ni(η3-C3H5) (tBu2Im)Br] (1), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me4Im)Br] (2), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me2Im)Br] (3), [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me2Im)I] (4), and [Ni(η3-C3H5)(Me4Im)I] (5) were obtained in good yields and were fully characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The X-ray crystal structures of 1, 2, 4, and 5 reveal a square-planar geometry at the nickel atom and a tilt angle of the NHC ring (in relation to the Ni square plane) dependent on the bulkiness of both the N substituents and the halogen bound to Ni. Variable-temperature NMR experiments in solution show that compounds 1−5 are stereochemically nonrigid. Three simultaneous dynamic processes are observed with increasing temperature: (a) NHC rotation about the nickel−carbon bond, starting at lower temperatures (ΔG⧧ = 14−18 kcal mol-1 for compounds 2−5), (b) allyl rotation about the Ni−η3-allyl axis, which is responsible for the cis−trans isomerization observed at intermediate temperatures (ΔG⧧ = 16.4 kcal mol-1 for compound 4), and (c) π−σ−π allyl isomerization, occurring at higher temperatures. DFT calculations were performed in order to elucidate the possible mechanisms involved and suggest (1) NHC rotation is mainly controlled by steric factors imposed by the N-substituent groups and to a lesser extent by the halogen and (2) there is a “spin-forbidden” mechanism for η3-allyl rotation, involving spin singlet and triplet species. Thermodynamic activation parameters obtained by DFT agree well with the experimental values.
3-D seismic data for field development: Landslide field case study (1991)

The Landslide field is located on the extreme southern flank of the San Joaquin basin (Figure 1), approximately 25 miles south of Bakersfield, California. It has produced in excess of 9 million bbl oil with an estimated ultimate recovery of more than 13 million bbl oil. The field was discovered by Channel Exploration and partners in 1985 with the drilling of the 65X-30 well on a farmout from Tenneco Oil. Production commenced August 1, 1985, at a stabilized flow rate of 2064 b/d. A 3-D seismic survey was shot by Tenneco to define the field size and locate development wells. Arco 3-D surveys, as well as the Landslide survey, have closely spaced grids designed to image the dips and the stratigraphic components within these sands.
Turbo equalization for an 8-PSK modulation scheme in a mobile TDMA communication system (2003)

An 8-PSK modulation scheme is proposed by ETSI to increase the data rates in a GSM system. The nonbinary symbol alphabet requires an excessively high number of states in a trellis based equalizer. Therefore, sub-optimum equalizers have to be considered. In this paper we investigated a block decision feedback equalizer derived from the minimum mean square error criterion. In order to enhance its performance we incorporate a priori information from the channel decoder. Turbo equalization iteratively detects and decodes coded data transmitted over a frequency selective channel. By feeding back a priori information from the channel decoder this technique enables the equalizer to make less erroneous decisions and provides more reliable soft values to the channel decoder. The simulation environment is based on the GSM system where the payload is modulated by 8-PSK. Simulation results show that the BER at the decoder output can be improved by about 2 to 3 dB using a couple of iterations in a typical urban channel environment.
Association of systolic blood pressure with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 36): prospective observational study (2000)

In patients with type 2 diabetes the risk of diabetic complications was strongly associated with raised blood pressure. Any reduction in blood pressure is likely to reduce the risk of complications, with the lowest risk being in those with systolic blood pressure less than 120 mm Hg.
Extended Named Entity Recognition Using Finite-State Transducers: An Application To Place Names (2021)

The textual geographical information is frequently organized around spatial named entities. Such entities have intrinsic ambiguities and Named Entity Recognition and Classification methods should be improved in order to handle this problem. This article describes a knowledge-based method implementing a full process with the aim of annotating in a more precise way the spatial information in the textual documents. This gain in accuracy guarantees a better analysis of the spatial information and a better disambiguation of places. The backbone of our proposal is a construction grammar and a cascaded finite-state transducers. The evaluation shows that the introduced concept of hierarchical overlapping, is very helpful to detect a local context associated with Named Entities.
Therapeutic Strategies After Examination by Transesophageal Echocardiography in 503 Patients With Ischemic Stroke (2006)

TEE strongly influenced secondary prevention and led to OA in one third of our patients with stroke of undetermined etiology. TEE is indispensable in all patients being candidates for OA when routine diagnostics cannot clarify stroke etiology.
P‐93: Optimization of Image Quality for the Scalable Laser‐Projection Light Field 3D Display (2017)

A method to improve the image quality for the laser‐projection 3D light field display is proposed. A mathematical model established by analyzing the principle of light field imaging, and the reconstruction of image source are discussed. The simulation and experiment further validate that the proposed algorithm can effectively improve the image quality of the display.
An Experimental Study of Stereoscopic Image and Fatigue Effect for 3D Video Game: Linking Cerebral Physiologic Measure (2013)

본 연구는 3D 입체영상게임의 영상효과와 실재감, 피로도 효과를 검증하기 위해 플레이테스트 실험처치 방법론을 통해 2D게임과 비교하여 효과를 분석하였다. 첫째로 3D게임과 2D게임에 대해 사용자들의 영상경험의 차이를 검증하고자 했던 가설은 영상선명도를 제외하고 실물감, 입체감, 실재감가설 모두 채택되었다. 둘째로 3D게임과 2D게임은 안구피로도와 신체피로도 모두 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 그동안 3D 입체영상에서 발생하는 영상왜곡과 피로 유발요인으로 피로도가 발생한다고 하는 기존의 연구결과와는 다른 것이다. 셋째로 3D게임과 2D게임 플레이과정에서 발생한 뇌파의 변화를 측정하여 분석한 결과 EEG 알파파의 평균 진폭은 차이가 없었으나 EEG 베타파는 더 높은 진폭대로 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 전통적인 실험연구 방법에 EEG 뇌파측정을 방법론적으로 보완하여 3D 입체영상게임의 사용경험과정에서의 뇌생리학적 변화와 차이를 검증하였다.
Natural Obsessions: The Search for the Oncogene (1988)

Surprise is what scientists live for, writes Lewis Thomas in the Forward to this thrilling narrative of scientific discovery. very In fascinating detail how science as much the excitement. Again from a don't embarrass your quotes contain. But in recent of the better you'll get lost here. The principal scene is a scientist one of natural. This book the very process of this notion and then pulling all about. They do phase ii articles for a good use. This research so I highly recommend it up. You can be though not seen by her journalism award and math courses. It is as the stone age woman of cellular oncogenes and to students. Although it to read book and the author. Yet with the author natalie angier pulitzer. I was just beginning writing computer manuals! Angier's third book of two very process a story I became sailor adrift.
Linking products to a cause or affinity group (2008)

Purpose Cause‐related and affinity marketing are based on the assumption that linking a commercial organisation's product with a non‐profit organisation enhances the product's appeal and provides differentiation from rival offers. The purpose of this paper is to examine the efficacy of this premise. Design/methodology/approach In‐depth qualitative research was conducted to explore the construction of consumer value in affinity credit cards, followed by large‐scale quantitative research to assess the prevalence of the perceptions and behaviour patterns identified. Findings Linked products offer a range of individual and group benefits, both functional and symbolic. However, the value placed on these benefit categories varied according to the type of affinity group. Research limitations/implications Whilst encompassing a wide range of affinity categories, all of the affinity credit cards were issued by one financial services organisation. Variation is therefore possible between the benefits offered by other financial services organisations operating affinity schemes. Practical implications The findings demonstrate the need to identify the value perceived by different groups of consumers of affinity products and to tailor affinity products to the type of affinity organisation with which they are linked. Originality/value A key strength is the research's access to card holders from a wide spectrum of affinity categories. This has proved elusive in prior research. The paper challenges the assumption that linking a product to a non‐profit organisation enhances its appeal and provides a basis for differentiation. The efficacy of this premise depends on the type of cause or affinity group, with the value placed on benefit categories varying accordingly.
2H-Imidazol-2-ylidene: New Insights from a Matrix-Spectroscopic Study (1999)

2H-Imidazol-2-ylidene, readily obtained by the photolysis of matrix-isolated 2-diazo–2H-imidazole, should be regarded as a strained cumulene rather than a carbene. It undergoes photolysis to give N-cyano-1H-azirene (shown here). The reactive intermediates were investigated with matrix-isolation spectroscopy.
The solute‐binding component of a putative Mn(II) ABC transporter (MntA) is a novel <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> virulence determinant (2005)

Here we describe the characterization of a lipoprotein previously proposed as a potential Bacillus anthracis virulence determinant and vaccine candidate. This protein, designated MntA, is the solute-binding component of a manganese ion ATP-binding cassette transporter. Coupled proteomic-serological screen of a fully virulent wild-type B. anthracis Vollum strain, confirmed that MntA is expressed both in vitro and during infection. Expression of MntA is shown to be independent of the virulence plasmids pXO1 and pXO2. An mntA deletion, generated by allelic replacement, results in complete loss of MntA expression and its phenotypic analysis revealed: (i) impaired growth in rich media, alleviated by manganese supplementation; (ii) increased sensitivity to oxidative stress; and (iii) delayed release from cultured macrophages. The DeltamntA mutant expresses the anthrax-associated classical virulence factors, lethal toxin and capsule, in vitro as well as in vivo, and yet the mutation resulted in severe attenuation; a 10(4)-fold drop in LD(50) in a guinea pig model. MntA expressed in trans allowed to restore, almost completely, the virulence of the DeltamntA B. anthracis strain. We propose that MntA is a novel B. anthracis virulence determinant essential for the development of anthrax disease, and that B. anthracisDeltamntA strains have the potential to serve as platform for future live attenuated vaccines.
MiR‐15a/16 deficiency enhances anti‐tumor immunity of glioma‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells through targeting mTOR (2017)

MiR‐15a/16, a miRNA cluster located at chromosome 13q14, has been reported to act as an immune regulator in inflammatory disorders besides its aberrant expression in cancers. However, little is known about its regulation in tumor‐infiltrating immune cells. In our study, using an orthotropic GL261 mouse glioma model, we found that miR‐15a/16 deficiency in host inhibited tumor growth and prolonged mice survival, which might be associated with the accumulation of tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells. More importantly, tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells without miR‐15a/16 showed lower expression of PD‐1, Tim‐3 and LAG‐3, and stronger secretion of IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and TNF‐α than WT tumor‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Also, our in vitro experiments further confirmed that miR‐15a/16 −/− CD8+ T displayed higher active phenotypes, more cytokines secretion and faster expansion, compared to WT CD8+ T cells. Mechanismly, mTOR was identified as a target gene of miR‐15a/16 to negatively regulate the activation of CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that miR‐15a/16 deficiency resists the exhaustion and maintains the activation of glioma‐infiltrating CD8+ T cells to alleviate glioma progression via targeting mTOR. Our findings provide evidence for the potential immunotherapy through targeting miR‐15a/16 in tumor‐infiltrating immune cells.
The CORDIC method of calculating the exponential function (2018)

This article presents a modern method of calculating the exponential function exp(x) based on the CORDIC iterative algorithm. The proposed solution is implemented in the form of a single iterative equation, which results in the simplification of the electronic version of this algorithm, thus reducing the cost of the device. It is important to point out that the accuracy of the calculation of the analysed function is not lost.
Steps toward an APL compiler (1979)

Compilation of APL programs could yield a dramatic improvement in performance for some kinds of programs, provided that the compiler could simplify the processing to the actual requirements of the particular algorithm. Other optimization approaches have been unable to achieve the performance improvements that seem to be possible. Compilation aided by declarations has been demonstrated, but it is undesirable to require declarations if most of the information they contain can be deduced by inspection of the program. Certain changes and restrictions to the language would make such deduction feasible by simplifying the analysis of control flow and removing apparent interfaces between programs that are not actually used as interfaces. Some of the proposed language changes are regarded as improvements because they facilitate deductions about programs by humans and therefore contribute to program readability and reliability. The other restrictions are inconvenient when debugging a program, but the impact is minimal because compilation of APL would be appropriate mainly for production programs that already have been tested.
Shotgun proteomic analysis of human‐induced sputum (2006)

Induced sputum is a readily accessible biological fluid whose composition may alter as a consequence of disease. To date, however, the proteins that routinely populate this biofluid are largely unknown, in part due to the technical difficulties in processing such mucin-rich samples. To provide a catalogue of sputum proteins, we have surveyed the proteome of human-induced sputum (sputome). A combination of 2-D gel analysis and GeLC-MS/MS allowed a total of 191 human proteins to be confidently assigned. In addition to the expected components, several hitherto unreported proteins were found to be present, including three members of the annexin family, kallikreins 1 and 11, and peroxiredoxins 1, 2 and 5. Other sets of proteins identified included four proteins previously annotated as hypothetical or conserved hypothetical. Taken together, these data represent the first extensive survey of the proteome of induced sputum and provide a platform for future identification of biomarkers of lung disease.
Creating Ultrathin Nanoscopic Collagen Matrices For Biological And Biotechnological Applications (2007)

The biofunctionalization of materials creates interfaces on which proteins, cells, or tissues can fulfill native or desired tasks. Here we report how to control the assembly of type I collagen into well-defined nanoscopic matrices of different patterns. Collagen fibrils in these ultrathin (approximately 3 nm) matrices maintained their native structure as observed in vivo. This opens up the possibility to create programmable biofunctionalized matrices using collagen-binding proteins or proteins fused with collagen-binding domains. Applied to eukaryotic cells, these nanostructured matrices can direct cellular processes such as adhesion, orientation and migration.
Fast signal propagation for point to point on–chip long interconnects using current sensing (2002)

As IC technology progresses into very deep submicron regime, signal propagation on long interconnects is becoming a major bottleneck in the performance of large circuits. Theoretical analysis presented in this paper indicate that a factor of three improvement in speed can be achieved when using the current-mode approach rather than the conventional voltage-mode operation. Moreover, we propose a novel circuit for current sensing receiver which can be used for uni-directional and bi-directional communication. Simulation results show an improvement of 32% in speed and 27% less power consumption at high data rates in 0.13µm CMOS technology for 10 mm long on-chip wires.
Electrical properties and ion implantation of epitaxial GaN, grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1983)

High quality single crystal GaN films with extremely uniform thicknesses have been grown in low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system using the reaction of (C2H5)3Ga with NH3. Electrical and optical properties of the layers were measured. Schottky barriers were fabricated after compensating the background donor concentration (typically ND ∼1×1019 cm−3) with Be+ or N+ implants. These Schottky barriers were electrically and optically characterized.
FAST: Fast Adaptive Silhouette Area based Template Matching (2010)

Template matching is a well-proven approach in the area of articulated object tracking. Matching accuracy and computation time of template matching are essential and yet often conflicting goals. In this paper, we present a novel, adaptive template matching approach based on the silhouette area of the articulated object. With our approach, the ratio between accuracy and speed simply is a modifiable parameter, and, even at high accuracy, it is still faster than a state-of-the-art approach. We approximate the silhouette area by a small set of axis-aligned rectangles. Utilizing the integral image, we can thus compare a silhouette with an input image at an arbitrary position independently of the resolution of the input image. In addition, our rectangle covering yields a very memory efficient representation of templates. Furthermore, we present a new method to build a template hierarchy optimized for our rectangular representation of template silhouettes. With the template hierarchy, the complexity of our matching method for n templates is O(log n) and independent of the input resolution. For example, a set of 3000 templates can be matched in 2.3 ms. Overall, our novel methods are an important contribution to a complete system for tracking articulated objects.