gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fibre-optic UV systems for gas and vapour analysis (2007)

The identification and quantification of compounds in the gas phase becomes of increasing interest in the context of environmental protection, as well as in the analytical field. In this respect, the high extinction coefficients of vapours and gases in the ultraviolet wavelength region allow a very sensitive measurement system. In addition, the increased performance of the components necessary for setting up a measurement system, such as fibres, light sources and detectors has been improved. In particular the light sources and detectors offer improved stability, and the deep UV performance and solarisation resistance of fused silica fibres allow have been significantly optimized in the past years. Therefore a compact and reliable detection system with high measuring accuracy is developed. Within this paper possible applications of the system under development and recent results will be discussed.
Barriers to Information Access across Languages on the Internet: Network and Language Effects (2006)

This paper investigates the role of language in accessing information on the Internet. We combined data about website visitors through log-file analysis with data about web-hosts and links obtained from a crawler. Results suggest that language may represent a double barrier: first, the number of native speakers determines the number of web-hosts, and hence the amount of information and the interconnectedness of information sources. Second, to access information on a particular website the languages offered are an even more important factor than network effects: non-native speakers and links from websites in other languages are always underrepresented. Our results are in line with the Information Foraging Theory, the Revised Hierarchy Model, network and market theories, and emphasize the role of language on the Internet. Insight into these processes is helpful when website translation represents important investment decisions, or when aiming to diminish the digital divide.
Discreteness-of-Charge Effects at Molecular Films Containing Acid/Base Groups (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiscreteness-of-Charge Effects at Molecular Films Containing Acid/Base GroupsRafael Andreu and W. Ronald FawcettCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 48, 12753–12758Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100099a045https://doi.org/10.1021/j100099a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views235Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reflection removal using ghosting cues (2015)

Photographs taken through glass windows often contain both the desired scene and undesired reflections. Separating the reflection and transmission layers is an important but ill-posed problem that has both aesthetic and practical applications. In this work, we introduce the use of ghosting cues that exploit asymmetry between the layers, thereby helping to reduce the ill-posedness of the problem. These cues arise from shifted double reflections of the reflected scene off the glass surface. In double-pane windows, each pane reflects shifted and attenuated versions of objects on the same side of the glass as the camera. For single-pane windows, ghosting cues arise from shifted reflections on the two surfaces of the glass pane. Even though the ghosting is sometimes barely perceptible by humans, we can still exploit the cue for layer separation. In this work, we model the ghosted reflection using a double-impulse convolution kernel, and automatically estimate the spatial separation and relative attenuation of the ghosted reflection components. To separate the layers, we propose an algorithm that uses a Gaussian Mixture Model for regularization. Our method is automatic and requires only a single input image. We demonstrate that our approach removes a large fraction of reflections on both synthetic and real-world inputs.
An N-Terminal Molecular Form of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Distinct from hPTH(1–84) Is Overproduced in Parathyroid Carcinoma (2007)

N-PTH is overproduced in some parathyroid cancer patients, but calcimimetic therapy does not influence its production. The clinical implications of this finding in parathyroid carcinoma await additional studies with an emphasis on N-PTH's biological activity and with larger numbers of patients.
Quasi-Static Folding and Deployment of Ultrathin Composite Tape-Spring Hinges (2011)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Efficient visible and UV generation by frequency conversion of a mode-filtered fiber amplifier (2003)

We have generated the second, third, fourth, and fifth harmonics of the output of a Yb-doped fiber amplifier seeded by a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser. The fiber amplifier employed multimode fiber (25 μm core diameter, V ~ 7.4) to provide high-peak-power pulses, but diffraction-limited beam quality was obtained by use of bend-loss-induced mode filtering. The amplifier output had a pulse duration of 0.97 ns and smooth, transform-limited temporal and spectral profiles (~500 MHz linewidth). We obtained high nonlinear conversion efficiencies using a simple optical arrangement and critically phase-matched crystals. Starting with 320 mW of average power at 1064 nm (86 µJ per pulse at a 3.7 kHz repetition rate), we generated 160 mW at 532 nm, 38 mW at 355 nm, 69 mW at 266 nm, and 18 mW at 213 nm. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations. Significantly higher visible and UV powers will be possible by operating the fiber amplifier at higher repetition rates and pulse energies and by further optimizing the nonlinear conversion scheme.
<b>Characterization of a tobacco epoxide hydrolase gene induced during the resistance response to TMV</b> (1998)

A clone encoding a putative soluble epoxide hydrolase (EH-1), an enzyme which converts epoxides to diols, was isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library prepared from tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-infected tobacco leaves. To confirm that EH-1 encodes an epoxide hydrolase, the recombinant EH-1 protein produced in bacteria was shown to have high epoxide hydrolase activity in vitro. Infection of resistant but not susceptible tobacco cultivars induced the accumulation of EH-1 transcripts in both the inoculated and uninoculated, systemic leaves. EH-1 expression was also induced in the inoculated and systemic tissues of TMV-infected NahG plants, which are unable to accumulate salicylic acid (SA). However, EH-1 expression in the inoculated leaves of NahG plants was delayed, whilst in the systemic leaves the induction was both later and weaker, compared to that observed in wild-type plants. Furthermore, exogenously applied SA or its functional analog 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid (INA) caused a rapid and transient accumulation of EH-1 transcripts, whereas an inactive SA analog did not. Thus, the induction of EH-1 gene expression appears to be regulated by both SA-independent and SA-dependent pathways. Since EH-1 was expressed only in TMV-resistant tobacco after infection, and the encoded enzyme is thought to help metabolize toxic compounds, we propose that EH-1 may play a role in protection from oxidative damage associated with defense responses. It may also play a role in generating signals for activation of certain defense responses.
The Asymptotic Equipartition Property (2001)

In information theory, the analog of the law of large numbers is the Asymptotic Equipartition Property (AEP). It is a direct consequence of the weak law of large numbers. The law of large numbers states that for independent, identically distributed (i.i.d.) random variables, is close to its expected value EX for large values of n. The AEP states that is close to the entropy H, where X1,X2,…,Xn are i.i.d. random variables and p(X1,X2,…,Xn) is the probability of observing the sequence X1,X2,…,Xn. Thus the probability p(X1,X2,…,Xn) assigned to an observed sequence will be close to 2−nH. This enables us to divide the set of all sequences into two sets, the typical set, where the sample entropy is close to the true entropy, and the non-typical set, which contains the other sequences. Most of our attention will be on the typical sequences. Any property that is proved for the typical sequences will then be true with high probability and will determine the average behavior of a large sample.
Foreword: The Ethics of Lawyers in Government (2010)

This special symposium issue of the Law Review features six different articles on legal ethics, culled from three different sources—Hofstra Law School’s 2009 Legal Ethics Conference, the 2009-2010 Lichtenstein Lecture, and a fascinating essay by Professor Monroe Freedman, my treasured friend and colleague at Hofstra. In this\nForeword, I will say some words about each source.
[A study on quasispecies of HBV precore in liver tissue and serum in fulminant hepatitis B patients]. (2005)

乙型肝炎病毒存在准种现象.为研究重型乙型肝炎患者血清和肝组织中乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)DNA前C区准种组成特点,本研究从3例重型乙型肝炎患者的血清和肝组织中提取HBV DNA,经巢式聚合酶链反应(PCR)扩增出HBV前C区,产物克隆后经单链构象多态性/异源双链分析(SSCP/HDA)筛选不同的克隆并测序,比较血清和肝组织中HBV前C区准种组成的异同。
RX-P873, a Novel Protein Synthesis Inhibitor, Accumulates in Human THP-1 Monocytes and Is Active against Intracellular Infections by Gram-Positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-Negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) Bacteria (2015)

The pyrrolocytosine RX-P873, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic in preclinical development, inhibits protein synthesis at the translation step. The aims of this work were to study RX-P873's ability to accumulate in eukaryotic cells, together with its activity against extracellular and intracellular forms of infection by Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using a pharmacodynamic approach allowing the determination of maximal relative efficacies (Emax values) and bacteriostatic concentrations (Cs values) on the basis of Hill equations of the concentration-response curves. RX-P873's apparent concentration in human THP-1 monocytes was about 6-fold higher than the extracellular one. In broth, MICs ranged from 0.125 to 0.5 mg/liter (S. aureus) and 2 to 8 mg/liter (P. aeruginosa), with no significant shift in these values against strains resistant to currently used antibiotics being noted. In concentration-dependent experiments, the pharmacodynamic profile of RX-P873 was not influenced by the resistance phenotype of the strains. Emax values (expressed as the decrease in the number of CFU from that in the initial inoculum) against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa reached more than 4 log units and 5 log units in broth, respectively, and 0.7 log unit and 2.7 log units in infected THP-1 cells, respectively, after 24 h. Cs values remained close to the MIC in all cases, making RX-P873 more potent than antibiotics to which the strains were resistant (moxifloxacin, vancomycin, and daptomycin for S. aureus; ciprofloxacin and ceftazidime for P. aeruginosa). Kill curves in broth showed that RX-P873 was more rapidly bactericidal against P. aeruginosa than against S. aureus. Taken together, these data suggest that RX-P873 may constitute a useful alternative for infections involving intracellular bacteria, especially Gram-negative species.
Identification of the <i>ubiD</i> Gene on the <i>Escherichia coli</i> Chromosome (2000)

The open reading frame at 86.7 min on the Escherichia coli chromosome, "yigC," complemented a ubiD mutant strain, AN66, indicating that yigC is the ubiD gene. The gene product, a 497-amino-acid-residue protein, showed extensive homology to the UPF 00096 family of proteins in the Swiss-Prot database.
Texaco coal-gasification process for production of clean synthesis gas from coke (1985)

Increasing supplies of petroleum coke have opened possibilities for extending the Texaco Coal Gasification Process to coke. The synthesis gas produced from coke can be used for the manufacture of methanol or oxo-products, for producing hydrogen for refineries and for ammonia synthesis or as a fuel for electric power generation. Extensive experimental work at Texaco's Montebello Research Laboratory has led to the development of a process which can be effectively used for gasifying petroleum coke. The technology is now being scaled up for commercial application. This paper presents a process description, experimental results, commercialization activities, and economics. 3 references.
국제PR관점으로 본 공공외교전문성에 관한 연구: 문화 중심적 접근을 통해 (2011)

국제PR연구에서 다루어지는 PR주체는 정부, 기업, NGO, 방송국 등 다양하며, 구체적으로 정부의 공공외교, 해외진출기업이 수행하는 PR, NGO의 해외활동, 한류를 통한 방송국의 해외활동 등 다양한 국제PR활동이 전개되고 있다. 특히 공공외교는 정부를 넘어선 다양한 주체를 통해 행해지는 외교로 정의되고 있다는 측면에서 공공외교와 국제PR활동은 일부 중첩되는 부분이 있다(Signitzer & Coombs, 1992). 공공외교의 일부로 국제PR을 보는 입장이 있는데, 이는 국가브랜드 이미지증진이나 해외공중 여론조성의 측면으로 국제PR을 보는 입장이며, 공공외교와 국제PR을 다른 개념으로 보는 입장이 있는데 이는 국제PR을 선전이나 일방적 설득과정으로 보는 입장이다. 하지만, Grunig(1992)은 PR의 개념을 이전의 일방불균형적인 선전이라는 개념으로부터 쌍방균형적인 소통의 개념으로 발전시켰다. Wang(2006)은 효과적인 공공외교는 선전보다 대화를 기반으로 하는 것이라 하였다. 본 연구에서는 정부외교 전략과는 별도로, 정부외교로 풀지 못하는 국제적 쟁점에 대해 다양한 문화외교 주체들이 가져야 할 공공외교전문성을 국제PR관점의 특수성의 관점에서 살펴보고, 이를 해외PR업무 담당자들의 인식을 통해 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 공공외교전문성 요인은 외교전문성, 문화존중, 미디어협상, 관계대화, 협력수용, 승인여론으로 요약되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 공공외교에 필요한 전문성연구는 다 학제 간 연구로 폭넓게 진척되어야 할 필요가 있으며, 이 학제 간 연구결과는 실제 실무자들의 필요를 반영하여 구체화되어야 하고, 교육을 통해 실무자들의 필요가 채워져야 함을 알 수 있다. 이에 더불어, 본 연구는 앞서 말한 바와 같이 이전에는 독립적으로 다루어져 온 공공외교 영역을 최근의 국외연구경향을 반영하여 다 학제 간 연구로 진척시키기 위한 초석을 마련하였다. 또한, 문화존중, 관계대화, 협력수용, 승인여론 등은 일방적인 외교가 아닌 타국공중의 여론을 반영한 쌍방적 외교를 대안외교로 제시한다. 이는 앞서 많은 선행연구들의 결과와 일치하는 대목이다. 이는 실무에서 역시, 공공외교 실무전략을 도출하기 전, 상대국이나 타국의 문화를 심도 있게 이해해야 하는 문화 중심적 접근이 필요함을 역설하는 연구결과다.
Adiponitrile—a Novel Self-condensation Sequence (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdiponitrile—a Novel Self-condensation SequenceQuentin E. ThompsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 20, 5483–5487Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01553a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01553a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design, Synthesis, and in Vitro Biological Evaluation of 1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-Triazole-4-carboxamide Derivatives as New Anti-influenza A Agents Targeting Virus Nucleoprotein (2012)

The influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) is an emerging target for anti-influenza drug development. Nucleozin (1) and its closely related derivatives had been identified as NP inhibitors displaying anti-influenza activity. Utilizing 1 as a lead molecule, we successfully designed and synthesized a series of 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxamide derivatives as new anti-influenza A agents. One of the most potent compounds, 3b, inhibited the replication of various H3N2 and H1N1 influenza A virus strains with IC(50) values ranging from 0.5 to 4.6 μM. Compound 3b also strongly inhibited the replication of H5N1 (RG14), amantidine-resistant A/WSN/33 (H1N1), and oseltamivir-resistant A/WSN/1933 (H1N1, 274Y) virus strains with IC(50) values in sub-μM ranges. Further computational studies and mechanism investigation suggested that 3b might directly target influenza virus A nucleoprotein to inhibit its nuclear accumulation.
The Human Genome: Organization and Evolutionary History (1995)

THE HUMAN GENOME: Organization and Evolutionary History, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/genet/29/1/annurev.ge.29.120195.002305-1.gif
A google glass app to help the blind in small talk (2014)

In this paper we present a wearable prototype that can automatically recognize affective cues such as number of people present, their age and gender distributions given an image. We customize the prototype in the context of helping people with visual impairments to better navigate social scenarios. Running an experiment to validate this technology in social scenarios remains part of our future work.
Investigations on potential conductors for a D. C. superconducting power transmission line in a 20 meter test bed (1975)

The cryogenic and electrical aspects of a program to evaluate superconductors for a dc superconducting power transmission line are presented. Results for conductors in lengths of 20 meters operated at currents up to 10 kA are described. A battery driven power supply which is capable of delivering and controlling currents upto 50 kA is discussed. Specific experiments are discussed which have been designed to probe the response of the conductors to a variety of thermal and electrical conditions, such as: thermal gradients over the length of the conductor, single and two phase flow of cryogen, loss of coolant flow, operation at temperatures near T <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</inf> , a.c. ripple current, and high current ramping rates.
Cell Therapy with Encapsulated Xenogeneic Tumor Cells Secreting β-Endorphin for Treatment of Peripheral Pain (1995)

The purpose of this study was to assess whether xenogeneic tumor cells secreting β-endorphin and immunologically isolated in polymer capsules could survive and continue to reduce pain when transplanted into the spinal cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) space of rats. Also, a silicone container for polymer capsules was designed for the clinical application of this method of cell therapy. The mouse tumor cell lines, proopiomelanocortin gene transfected Neuro2A which secrete β-endorphin, were enclosed in polymer capsules at a density of 5 x 10 6 /mL, and transplanted into the spinal CSF space from the occipito-atlantal junction of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three analgesiometric tests —the tail pinch test, the hot plate test, and electrical stimulation test — showed that the rats with encapsulated Neuro2A (n = 6) were significantly less sensitive to pain after transplantation than control animals (n = 8). The analgesia induced by the encapsulated cells secreting β-endorphin was attenuated by the opiate antagonist naloxone. Morphological study revealed that the encapsulated cells survived for 1 mo after transplantation into the CSF space. An in vitro experiment on cultured capsules (3 cm long) with a silicone container (Kaneka Medics Co) showed that the encapsulated Neuro2A (5 x 10 6 mL) could secrete peptides for 1 mo. The results of this study indicate that immunologically isolated xenogeneic tumor cells can secrete opiate in the CSF space, and that a silicone container may help the application of this method to the treatment of cancer pain.
Thyroiditis (2003)

This article summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms of destruction in autoimmune thyroid disease. The authors explain the approach to the diagnosis and treatment of the most common types of thyroiditis, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis, painless postpartum thyroiditis, and painless sporadic thyroiditis. Thyroid dysfunction can also develop from treatment with medications such as amiodarone, lithium, interferon alfa, and interleukin-2.
Targeted disruption of Slc19a2, the gene encoding the high-affinity thiamin transporter Thtr-1, causes diabetes mellitus, sensorineural deafness and megaloblastosis in mice (2002)

Thiamin-responsive megaloblastic anemia syndrome (TRMA) is characterized by diabetes mellitus, megaloblastic anemia and sensorineural deafness. Mutations in the thiamin transporter gene SLC19A2 cause TRMA. To generate a mouse model of TRMA, we developed an Slc19a2 targeting construct using transposon-mediated mutagenesis and disrupted the gene through homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells. Erythrocytes from Slc19a2(-/-) mice lacked the high-affinity component of thiamin transport. On a thiamin-free diet, Slc19a2(-/-) mice developed diabetes mellitus with reduced insulin secretion and an enhanced response to insulin. The diabetes mellitus resolved after 6 weeks of thiamin repletion. Auditory-evoked brainstem response thresholds were markedly elevated in Slc19a2(-/-) mice on a thiamin-free diet, but were normal in wild-type mice treated on that diet as well as thiamin-fed Slc19a2(-/-) mice. Bone marrows from thiamin-deficient Slc19a2(-/-) mice were abnormal, with a megaloblastosis affecting the erythroid, myeloid and megakaryocyte lines. Thus, Slc19a2(-/-) mice have provided new insights into the TRMA disease pathogenesis and will provide a tool for studying the role of thiamin homeostasis in diabetes mellitus more broadly.
Nucleotide composition of genes and hydrophobicity of the encoded proteins (1992)

We find that true proteins are generally more hydrophobic than the corresponding hypothetical proteins encoded by the randomized gene nucleotide sequences. Furthermore, the protein hydrophobicity but not its gene nucleotide composition is conserved within evolutionary families of functionally related proteins. These two findings indicate that there is a general drift to modify gene nucleotide composition in the course of evolution. An inspection of codon usage in genes shows that the drift mainly increases the content of adenine at the expense of thymine.