gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A bidirectional TX/RX four element phased-array at 60GHz with RF-IF conversion block in 90nm CMOS process (2009)

A 60 GHz 4 element bidirectional phased-array TX/RX chip with a 2 bit phase shifter and IF converter to/from 12 GHz, using 90 nm CMOS process, is described. The array features 7 dB gain, measured noise figure (NF) of 9 dB, IP1dB of -19 dbm for RX, and output Psat of +3.5 dBm for TX , drawing 60 mA from a 1.3-V supply. The RMS amplitude and phase error of the phase shifter is 0.7 dB and 2deg max respectively from 57 to 66 GHz. This new architecture together with the compact layout decreases chip size to about half compared to a separate TX and RX design. The use of passive phase shifters and combiners reduce the current consumption. Total die area is 1.6times1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with half of the area being the IF converter block. First pass success was achieved by the closed ground environment design methodology of the passive structures and by proper layout. To our knowledge, this the first report on a bidirectional 60 GHz array, with the lowest reported chip power consumption and size.
Scrabble-Tile Double Word Squares and Rectangles (2011)

What is the largest double word square or rectangle (containing a different English word in each row and column) that can be formed from the 98 non-blank Scrabble tiles? The purpose of this article is explore, and give the answers to, questions like this in which the common word-play form of the word rectangle is constrained by the number of tiles of each letter available in the game of Scrabble.
Selective Capture and Collection of Live Target Cells Using a Photoreactive Silicon Wafer Device Modified with Antibodies via a Photocleavable Linker (2012)

A device for the capture and recollection of live target cells is described. The platform was a silicon (Si) wafer modified with an anti-HEL antibody (anti-HEL-IgG, HEL = hen egg lysozyme) through a photocleavable 3-amino-3-(2-nitrophenyl)propionic acid (ANP) linker. The modification processes of the Si wafer surface were monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflection (FTIR-ATR) and fast-scanning atomic force microscopy (FS-AFM). The attachment of IgG and its release reaction on the Si surface via the photochemical cleavage of the ANP linker were observed directly by FS-AFM. The results of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) indicated that the photorelease of the complex of anti-HEL-IgG with the secondary antibody-alkaline phosphatase hybrid (secondary IgG-AP) from the Si surface occurs with minimum damage. Furthermore, it was possible to collect SP2/O cells selectively that express HEL on their cell membranes (SP2/O-HEL) on the Si wafer device. Photochemical cleavage of the ANP linker facilitated the effective release of living SP2/O cells whose viability was verified by staining experiments using tripan blue. Moreover, it was possible to reculture the recovered cells. This methodology represents an effective strategy for isolating intact target cells in the biological and medicinal sciences and related fields.
Surface Characterization of CeO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> and V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts by Raman, XPS, and Other Techniques (2002)

X-ray diffraction, Raman, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were utilized to characterize CeO2/SiO2 supports and V2O5/CeO2/SiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures from 773 to 1073 K. The CeO2/SiO2 support was obtained by an aqueous deposition precipitation method, and vanadium oxide was applied to the calcined support (773 K) by using a wet impregnation technique. The XRD and Raman results suggest that the CeO2/SiO2 carrier is thermally quite stable up to 1073 K calcination temperature and primarily consists of a CeO2 overlayer on the SiO2 substrate. The CeO2/SiO2 support also accommodates a layer of vanadia in a highly dispersed state on its surface. In particular, no crystalline V2O5 was observed. The O 1s, Si 2p, Ce 3d, and V 2p core level photoelectron peaks of CeO2/SiO2 and V2O5/CeO2/SiO2 are sensitive to the calcination temperature. The XPS line shapes and the corresponding binding energies indicate that the dispersed vanadium oxide interacts selectively with the ceria portion of the CeO2/SiO2 carrier and readily forms CeVO4. The XRD and Raman techniques, in particular, provide direct evidence about the formation of CeVO4. The V/Ce and V/Si atomic ratios, as determined by XPS measurements, reveal that vanadia is mainly confined to ceria at all calcination temperatures. No significant changes in the oxidation states of V(V) and Si(IV) are noted with increasing calcination temperature. However, in the case of cerium oxide stabilization of Ce(III) was observed at higher calcination temperatures.
Four-dimensional multiphoton microscopy with time-correlated single-photon counting (2000)

We report on the implementation of fluorescence-lifetime imaging in multiphoton excitation microscopy that uses PC-compatible modules for time-correlated single-photon counting. Four-dimensional data stacks are produced with each pixel featuring fluorescence-decay curves that consist of as many as 4096 bins. Fluorescence lifetime(s) and their amplitude(s) are extracted by statistical methods at each pixel or in arbitrarily defined regions of interest. When employing an avalanche photodiode the width of the temporal response function is 420 ps. Although this response confines the temporal resolution to values greater than several hundreds of picoseconds, the lifetime precision is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and can be in the range of tens of picosconds. Lifetime changes are visualized in pulsed-laser-deposited fluorescent layers as well as in cyan fluorescent proteins that transfer energy to yellow fluorescent proteins in live mammalian cells.
Critical Path: A Tool for System-Level Timing Analysis (2007)

An effective method for focusing optimization effort on the most important parts of a design is to examine those elements on the critical path. Traditionally, the critical path is defined at the RTL level, as the longest path in the combinational logic between clocked registers. In this paper, we present a system-level timing analysis technique to define the concept of a Global Critical Path (GCP), for predicting system-level performance. We show how the GCP can be used as a theoretical and practical tool for understanding, summarizing and optimizing the behavior of highly concurrent self-timed circuits. We formally define the GCP and show how it can be constructed using a discrete event model and hardware profiling techniques. The GCP provides valuable insight into the control-path behavior of circuits and in finding system-level bottlenecks. We have incorporated the GCP construction and analysis framework into a high-level synthesis and simulation toolchain, thus enabling complete automation in modeling, analysis and optimization.
Generating Multiple Diverse Responses for Short-Text Conversation (2019)

Neural generative models have become popular and achieved promising performance on short-text conversation tasks. They are generally trained to build a 1-to-1 mapping from the input post to its output response. However, a given post is often associated with multiple replies simultaneously in real applications. Previous research on this task mainly focuses on improving the relevance and informativeness of the top one generated response for each post. Very few works study generating multiple accurate and diverse responses for the same post. In this paper, we propose a novel response generation model, which considers a set of responses jointly and generates multiple diverse responses simultaneously. A reinforcement learning algorithm is designed to solve our model. Experiments on two short-text conversation tasks validate that the multiple responses generated by our model obtain higher quality and larger diversity compared with various state-ofthe-art generative models.
A signal integrity enhancement technique for high speed test systems (2011)

Signal integrity degradation at high frequencies affects test results and increases the yield loss of integrated circuits. Parasitic effects and electromagnetic coupling due to transmission lines degrade the integrity of test signals and undermine the accuracy of the measurement results. A new signal integrity enhancement technique is presented in this paper to compensate the signal loss. A Proportional Integrator-Differentiator (PID) circuit is implemented as an overshoot generator to negate the undesired effects of transmission lines. Simulation results at 1GHz show that the proposed method can improve the rise and fall time by orders of magnitude, and increase the eye-opening by more than 40%.
EFFECT OF FORAGE AMOUNT AND PARTICLE SIZE IN DIETS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS ON SITE OF DIGESTION AND MICROBIAL PROTEIN SYNTHESIS (1985)

Lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal and duodenal T-type cannulae were used in two studies to determine the effect of forage: concentrate ratio and forage particle size on site of nutrient digestion and microbial protein synthesis. In exp. 1, cows were fed alfalfa hay at 24, 38, 58 and 80% of total dry matter intake. Organic matter (OM) digestion in the total tract (OMD) increased with increasing concentrate level but apparent ruminal OM digestion (AROMD) was unaffected by diet. Digestion of acid detergent fiber (ADF) was similar among the higher forage diets, but was depressed at the 24% forage level. Efficiency of microbial protein synthesis (MPS) was depressed by high concentrate diets and was positively correlated (P < 0.05) to turnover rate within the rumen. In exp. 2, cows were fed 20% concentrate and 80% alfalfa hay in long, chopped or ground and pelleted form. AROMD was lower with ground hay but OMD was unaffected by diet. Digestibility of ADF in the rumen was lower with ground hay, but was partially compensated for by increased hindgut digestion of ADF. Flow of feed plus endogenous nitrogen (N) at the duodenum was 37% and 47% on N intake with long and ground hay, respectively. Efficiency of MPS increased 15% and postruminal N digestion increased 36% when ground hay replaced long hay. Efficiency of MPS was directly related to ruminal solids turnover rate and inversely related to liquid dilution rate. These results demonstrate improvements in efficiency of MPS with either increasing amounts of forage in the diet or increased ruminal passage of solids. Key words: Digestion, microbial protein, rate of passage, cattle, rumen forage
SnO<sub>2</sub> Nanoribbons as NO<sub>2</sub> Sensors:  Insights from First Principles Calculations (2003)

SnO2 nanoribbons with exposed (1 0 1̄) and (0 1 0) surfaces have recently been demonstrated to be highly effective NO2 sensors even at room temperature. The sensing mechanism is examined here through first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that the most stable adsorbed species involve an unexpected NO3 group doubly bonded to Sn centers. Significant electron transfer to the adatoms explains an orders-of-magnitude drop in electrical conductance. X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicates predominantly NO3 species on the surface, and computed binding energies are consistent with adsorbate stability up to 700 K. Nanoribbon responses to O2 and CO sensing are also investigated.
Migration and death of skin-dwelling Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae after treatment with ivermectin. (1991)

The effects of a single dose of ivermectin (122-200 micrograms/kg) on Onchocerca volvulus microfilariae (mf) in skin and lymph nodes were studied histologically in a qualitative and quantitative manner over seven days after treatment. Ivermectin caused mf to move from the subepidermal layer into the deeper layers of the dermis, subcutaneous fat and connective tissue, and the regional lymph nodes. No mf were seen migrating upwards through the epidermis. Dead mf were not seen before 24 hr and the numbers found dead in the dermis were far fewer than the total numbers in the skin before treatment. Inflammatory cellular reaction around dead mf in the tissues was usually minimal. The results suggest that most of the mf which disappear from the skin may be destroyed in the lymph nodes and that the histological reaction excited by mf dying under ivermectin is less violent than that after diethylcarbamazine.
GC column effluent splitter for problematic solvents introduced in large volumes: Determination of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate in triglyceride matrices as an application (1988)

Abstract Introduction of solutions of up to several milliliters by on‐column injection of large volumes or by coupled HPLC‐GC may cause problems with GC detectors (FID, AFID, MS). For instance, dichloromethane forms large amounts of hydrochloric acid and carbon black in FIDs. A column effluent splitter was developed for keeping the major portion of the solvent vapors away from the detector; approximately 99% of the vapor is vented while the remaining 1% of vapor is used for detecting the widths of the solvent peaks. During analysis, the split ratio is reversed by a strong increase of the resistance to the gas flow through the split exit line. The system was used for the determination of di‐(2‐ethylhexyl)‐phthalate (DEHP) in triglyceride matrices of various foods. Direct determination by HPLC is not sufficiently sensitive, whereas direct analysis by GC is hindered by the triglycerides. Solutions of fats or oils were pre‐separated on a silica column using dichloro‐methanelcyclohexane 1:l with addition of 0.05 % acetonitrile as eluent. The HPLC fraction containing the DEHP was transferred to GC through a loop‐type interface using concurrent solvent evaporation. Detection limits were around 0.1 ppm.
Pulsatile Administration of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Inhibitor Gefitinib Is Significantly More Effective than Continuous Dosing for Sensitizing Tumors to Paclitaxel (2005)

The results suggest that the dose and schedule of an EGFR inhibitor required to effectively inhibit proliferation may differ from that required to stimulate apoptosis or to induce other effects. The former may require continuous EGFR inhibition to maintain cell cycle arrest, whereas sensitization to apoptosis may be optimally induced by profound but temporary inhibition of survival pathways. Our data suggest that the effects of receptor inhibition vary as a function of dose and schedule and that continuous administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors may not be the best schedule with which to combine such agents with taxanes.
Glucagon gene transcription is negatively regulated by insulin in a hamster islet cell line. (1989)

Complex interrelationships exist between the four pancreatic islet cell types and their respective secretory products, insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. These hormones are known to interact with the different islet cells and modulate their functions. Insulin inhibits glucagon secretion from the A cell both in vivo and in vitro and, in states of insulin deficiency, high glucagon levels are observed that are normalized by insulin replacement. To determine if insulin also regulates glucagon biosynthesis, we studied its effects on glucagon gene expression. Our studies indicate that insulin, in a dose-dependent fashion decreases steady-state glucagon mRNA levels in a clonal hamster islet cell line, In-R1-G9; this decrease is secondary to an inhibition of glucagon gene transcription as assessed by transcriptional run-on assays and does not involve detectable changes in mRNA stability. Inhibition of glucagon gene transcription is accompanied by corresponding decreases in glucagon immunoreactivity in both cell extracts and medium. We conclude that insulin may not only regulate glucagon secretion but also glucagon gene expression.
Efficiency of Animal Production—Molding the Biological Components (1970)

Major biological objectives in reducing production costs per unit of animal product value seem to be (1) greater total product value per female (e.g., milk, wool, eggs) relative to metabolic body size, (2) higher rate of reproduction, especially in cattle and sheep, to reduce breeding herd costs per meat animal marketed, (3) more efficient lean growth to market live weight and earlier sexual maturity, with minimum increase in mature size of females, especially in cattle, and (4) combining female (milk or wool) production and progeny lean meat production under intensive management. Changes in management systems and in product values will modify specific biological objectives and hence need to be anticipated as well as possible. Breeding programs need balanced emphasis on (1) evaluation and utilization of existing breed differences in commercial livestock production, and (2) continuing genetic improvement within the pure breeds or strains.
Preconcentration of trace metals using chelating groups immobilized via silylation (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreconcentration of trace metals using chelating groups immobilized via silylationDonald E. Leyden and G. Howard. LuttrellCite this: Anal. Chem. 1975, 47, 9, 1612–1617Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60359a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60359a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views563Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Different cytotoxicity of ricin and a concanavalin A-ricin A chain conjugate between Balb/3T3 cells and the transformed cells. (1982)

In the previous paper, we reported that ricin and a concanavalin A-ricin A chain conjugate were more toxic to normal cell lines than the transformed variants. In this work, we confirmed this conclusion using other cell lines (KB 3 flat, ST-balb and R4-IudR) which were derived from the Balb/3T3 clone. KN7-8 had a lower number of Con A binding sites than the sensitive parent line (A-31), while the apparent association constant of Con A and surface receptors KN7-8 was slightly higher than that of A-31. On the other hand, both cell lines had almost the same number of ricin binding sites, while the apparent association constant of KN7-8 was lower than that of A-31. These differences in the number of binding sites and the apparent association constant might not be due to the different sensitivity of these cell lines to the toxin, because the amounts of bound 125I-ricin internalized into the two cell lines during incubation at 37 degrees C were essentially the same. Furthermore, no evidence was obtained showing that there was a difference between A-31 and KN7-8 cells in the ability of reduction of the disulfide bond of ricin, degradation of internalized toxin and in the sensitivity of the protein synthesizing machinery.
Objects with roles (1990)

The use of object-oriented conceptual models for modeling office applications and information systems is discussed. A model for describing object behavior based on the concept of role is presented. Roles allow one to describe different perspectives for object evolution. For each role, relevant characteristics such as role properties, role states, messages, and role-state transition rules and constraints are defined. The implications of considering several roles in parallel for an object are discussed, and a classification of possible role interactions is given.
The research on problems of electronic commerce and strategies (2011)

In recent years, electronic commerce is a hot issue in Chinese economic field. However, E-commerce developments in China there are still many problems, such as inadequate infrastructure and the security of electronic payment can not be assured. The problems have seriously affected the healthy development of e-commerce. Based on the current status of e-commerce development in China, this paper pointed out that the existing constraints of e-commerce and found the process of the e-commerce development in line with our national conditions.
Preventing attribute information leakage in automated trust negotiation (2005)

Automated trust negotiation is an approach which establishes trust between strangers through the bilateral, iterative disclosure of digital credentials. Sensitive credentials are protected by access control policies which may also be communicated to the other party. Ideally, sensitive information should not be known by others unless its access control policy has been satisfied. However, due to bilateral information exchange, information may flow to others in a variety of forms, many of which cannot be protected by access control policies alone. In particular, sensitive information may be inferred by observing negotiation participants' behavior even when access control policies are strictly enforced.In this paper, we propose a general framework for the safety of trust negotiation systems. Compared to the existing safety model, our framework focuses on the actual information gain during trust negotiation instead of the exchanged messages. Thus, it directly reflects the essence of safety in sensitive information protection. Based on the proposed framework, we develop policy databases as a mechanism to help prevent unauthorized information inferences during trust negotiation. We show that policy databases achieve the same protection of sensitive information as existing solutions without imposing additional complications to the interaction between negotiation participants or restricting users' autonomy in defining their own policies.
Integrating Rapid Pathogen Identification and Antimicrobial Stewardship Significantly Decreases Hospital Costs (2012)

Integration of rapid identification and susceptibility techniques with antimicrobial stewardship significantly improved time to optimal therapy, and it decreased hospital length of stay and total costs. This innovative strategy has ramifications for other areas of patient care.
Synthesis and photopolymerization kinetics of oxime ester photoinitiators (2011)

Abstract Oxime Ester (OXE) Photoinitiators were synthesized and characterized by HPLC, FTIR, UV–Vis spectra, and 1 H‐NMR. The UV–Vis spectra of these photoinitiators were similar to Benzophenone (BP) but showed large red‐shifted maximum absorption. OXE were not only soluble in many solvents and (meth) acrylate monomers but also could be dispersed easily in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA). The kinetics of polymerization of monomer using OXE as photoinitiator was studied by Real‐time infrared (RTIR) spectra. It showed that OXE were an efficient photoinitiator. The concentration of OXE, functionality of monomer, and light intensity had effect on the photopolymerization kinetics. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011