gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Clinical Isolates of<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>from 19 Laboratories Using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Detection Methods (2001)

Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are enzymes found in gram-negative bacilli that mediate resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and aztreonam. In 1999, the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) published methods for screening and confirming the presence of ESBLs in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Escherichia coli. To evaluate the confirmation protocol, we tested 139 isolates of K. pneumoniae that were sent to Project ICARE (Intensive Care Antimicrobial Resistance Epidemiology) from 19 hospitals in 11 U.S. states. Each isolate met the NCCLS screening criteria for potential ESBL producers (ceftazidime [CAZ] or cefotaxime [CTX] MICs were > or =2 microg/ml for all isolates). Initially, 117 (84%) isolates demonstrated a clavulanic acid (CA) effect by disk diffusion (i.e., an increase in CAZ or CTX zone diameters of > or =5 mm in the presence of CA), and 114 (82%) demonstrated a CA effect by broth microdilution (reduction of CAZ or CTX MICs by > or =3 dilutions). For five isolates, a CA effect could not be determined initially by broth microdilution because of off-scale CAZ results. However, a CA effect was observed in two of these isolates by testing cefepime and cefepime plus CA. The cefoxitin MICs for 23 isolates that failed to show a CA effect by broth microdilution were > or =32 microg/ml, suggesting either the presence of an AmpC-type beta-lactamase or porin changes that could mask a CA effect. By isoelectric focusing (IEF), 7 of the 23 isolates contained a beta-lactamase with a pI of > or =8.3 suggestive of an AmpC-type beta-lactamase; 6 of the 7 isolates were shown by PCR to contain both ampC-type and bla(OXA) genes. The IEF profiles of the remaining 16 isolates showed a variety of beta-lactamase bands, all of which had pIs of < or =7.5. All 16 isolates were negative by PCR with multiple primer sets for ampC-type, bla(OXA), and bla(CTX-M) genes. In summary, 83.5% of the K. pneumoniae isolates that were identified initially as presumptive ESBL producers were positive for a CA effect, while 5.0% contained beta-lactamases that likely masked the CA effect. The remaining 11.5% of the isolates studied contained beta-lactamases that did not demonstrate a CA effect. An algorithm based on phenotypic analyses is suggested for evaluation of such isolates.
Using equalizers to offset the deterioration in SCM video transmission due to fiber dispersion and EDFA gain tilt (1992)

The carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and distortion of a 1.55 mu m amplitude-modulated subcarrier-multiplexed (AM-SCM) video transmission system are worsened by the dispersion of the 1.3 mu m zero-dispersion fiber. Distortion is also increased by the EDFA gain tilt. Both problems are shown to be corrected by the use of dispersion equalizers and gain tilt equalizers. The application of the equalizers to SCM video transmission systems is proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid Detection of the Factor V Leiden Mutation by Real-Time PCR with TaqMan Minor Groove Binder Probes (2004)

Individuals heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation have a sevenfold higher risk to develop venous thrombosis than wild-type (WT) individuals (1). The allele frequency of factor V Leiden in Europeans is ∼4.4%, and the mutation is currently considered as the most important genetic risk factor for venous thrombosis (2). Various methods have been published to detect the factor V Leiden mutation by real-time PCR using hybridization probes (3)(4)(5) and TaqMan probes (6)(7). Here we describe a robust and convenient procedure for the detection of the factor V Leiden mutation that uses TaqMan probes conjugated to a minor groove binder (MGB) group.

TaqMan probes are degraded during amplification by the 5′→3′ exonuclease activity of the polymerase. During degradation of the probe, the fluorescent group is separated from the quencher, leading to increased fluorescence. For allelic discrimination, probes matching the WT and the mutant allele are conjugated to a different fluorescent group. Discrimination between alleles is based on the difference in melting temperature (Δ T m) between the differently labeled match and mismatch probes. For TaqMan assays, relatively long probes are required that remain annealed during the extension phase of the PCR. A 1-bp mismatch in such a probe may lead to a small Δ T m and subsequent difficult allelic discrimination. DNA probes conjugated to a MGB group …
Novel Multimodal Feedback Techniques for In-Car Mid-Air Gesture Interaction (2017)

This paper presents an investigation into the effects of different feedback modalities on mid-air gesture interaction for infotainment systems in cars. Car crashes and near-crash events are most commonly caused by driver distraction. Mid-air interaction is a way of reducing driver distraction by reducing visual demand from infotainment. Despite a range of available modalities, feedback in mid-air gesture systems is generally provided through visual displays. We conducted a simulated driving study to investigate how different types of multimodal feedback can support in-air gestures. The effects of different feedback modalities on eye gaze behaviour, and the driving and gesturing tasks are considered. We found that feedback modality influenced gesturing behaviour. However, drivers corrected falsely executed gestures more often in non-visual conditions. Our findings show that non-visual feedback can reduce visual distraction significantly
Intersubunit Interaction between Amino- and Carboxyl-Terminal Cysteine Residues in Tetrameric Shaker K<sup>+</sup> Channels (1996)

Shaker potassium (K+) channels normally lack intrasubunit and intersubunit disulfide bonds. However, disulfide bonds are formed between Shaker subunits in intact cells exposed to oxidizing conditions. Upon electrophoresis under nonreducing conditions, intersubunit disulfide bond formation was detected by the presence of four high molecular weight adducts of Shaker protein. This result suggests that intracellular cysteine residues are in sufficiently close proximity in the native structure of the Shaker channel to form intersubunit disulfide bonds. To test this hypothesis, wild-type and mutant Shaker proteins were exposed to oxidizing conditions in intact cells. Intersubunit disulfide bond formation was eliminated upon serine substitution of either C96 in the amino terminal or C505 in the carboxyl terminal of the protein. In contrast, disulfide bond formation was not eliminated upon serine substitution of both C301 and C308 in the cytoplasmic loop between transmembrane segments S2 and S3. Exposure of Shaker-expressing cells to oxidizing conditions did not significantly alter the amplitude, kinetics, or voltage dependence of the Shaker current, demonstrating that the native tertiary and quaternary structures of the channel were maintained under oxidizing conditions. These results indicate that intersubunit disulfide bonds form between C96 and C505, providing evidence that the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of adjacent subunits are in proximity in the native structure of the channel. The disulfide-bonded adducts were found to represent a dimer, a trimer, and two forms of tetramer, one linear and one circular, containing one, two, three, or four disulfide bonds, respectively. These results provide a direct biochemical demonstration that Shaker K+ channels contain four pore-forming subunits.
Partial Oxidation of Propane Initiated by Ozone (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial Oxidation of Propane Initiated by OzoneV. J. Dardin Jr. and L. F. AlbrightCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1965, 4, 1, 61–66Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260013a015https://doi.org/10.1021/i260013a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mannose-binding lectin enhances Toll-like receptors 2 and 6 signaling from the phagosome (2008)

Innate immunity is the first-line defense against pathogens and relies on phagocytes, soluble components, and cell-surface and cytosolic pattern recognition receptors. Despite using hard-wired receptors and signaling pathways, the innate immune response demonstrates surprising specificity to different pathogens. We determined how combinatorial use of innate immune defense mechanisms defines the response. We describe a novel cooperation between a soluble component of the innate immune system, the mannose-binding lectin, and Toll-like receptor 2 that both specifies and amplifies the host response to Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this cooperation occurs within the phagosome, emphasizing the importance of engulfment in providing the appropriate cellular environment to facilitate the synergy between these defense pathways.
Usage Based Fatigue Damage Calculation for AH-64 Apache Dynamic Components (2010)

As part of the Condition Based Maintenance implementation for the rotorcraft fleet, the U.S. Army has laid out a multiphased approach for the development, validation and demonstration of the usage-based fatigue damage calculation for critical life limited components on the rotorcraft. Phase-I effort involves development and validation of a new approach for usage-based fatigue damage calculation, Phase-II involves controlled implementation of that approach in field units and integration to the Standard Army Maintenance Information System (STAMIS) and Phase-III involves implementation in field operation that would lead to the development of a composite aircraft usage spectrum. This approach where the actual regimes flown by the aircraft are used, instead of the design usage spectrum, to calculate the damage accrued is called Structural Usage Monitoring System (SUMS). SUMS would lead to enhanced safety, reduced maintenance burden, increased operational availability, and reduced Operation and Support costs. Boeing Rotorcraft is under contract to the U.S. Army Apache Attack Helicopter (AAH) Project Manager’s Office (PMO) to develop, validate and implement a usage-based fatigue damage calculation for selected life-limited dynamic components on the AH-64 Apache. This paper documents the development and validation results for the Phase-I effort.
Genetic Transformation of Peach Tissues by Particle Bombardment (1994)

Physical and biological parameters affecting the efficiency of biolistic transformation of peach were optimized using ß-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene, such that efficiency of transient GUS expression in peach embryo-derived callus was increased markedly. Transient expression was also obtained in embryonic axes, immature embryos, cotyledons, shoot tips, and leaves of peach. Stable expression of a fusion gene combining neomycin phosphotransferase (NPTII) and ß-glucuronidase activities has been achieved in peach embryo calli. Sixty-five kanamycin-resistant callus lines were obtained from 114 pieces of bombarded calli after 4 months of selection. Nineteen of the 65 putative transformant lines produced shoot-like structures. Seven lines were examined to confirm stable transformation using the colorimetric GUS assay and PCR analysis. All seven lines showed GUS activity. PCR analysis confirmed that, in most of the putative transformants, the chimeric GUS/NPTII gene had been incorporated into the peach genome. The transgenic callus lines were very weakly morphogenic, presumably because the callus was 5 years old and no transgenic shoots developed from this callus. Results of this research demonstrate the feasibility of obtaining stable transgenic peach tissue by biolistic transformation.
A flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on a poly(aryl ether ketone)–poly(ethylene glycol) copolymer solid polymer electrolyte for high temperature applications (2016)

Here in we fabricated a high temperature flexible solid-state supercapacitor based on PAEK–PEG copolymers solid polymer electrolyte. As fabricated supercapacitor has excellent electrochemical performance at various operating temperature especially high temperature (120 °C).
Study on Specific Modification of Glucosyl Cyclodextrins (1992)

Abstract The time courses of the periodate oxidation of glucosyl cyclodextrins complexed with organic solvents indicated the preferential oxidation of glucosyl residues on side chains, and the modified cyclodextrins could be purified by using a reversed phase column. HPLC and 13 C‐NMR analyses ensured that the modified cyclodextrins were cyclodextrins having aldehyde residues on their side chains (aldehyde cyclodextrins).
Analysis and Modeling of Thermal Effect and Optical Characteristic of LED Systems With Parallel Plate-Fin Heatsink (2017)

Based on the photoelectrothermal (PET) theory, prediction methods for the thermal effect and optical properties of the light-emitting diode (LED) systems mounted on a given parallel plate-fin heatsink are proposed in this paper. With the PET theory and the heatsink characteristics (heat transfer coefficient, equivalent radius for heat source, fins efficiency), it is possible to accurately quantify junction temperature, heat dissipation coefficient, optical power, and luminous flux of the LED systems. The prediction model consists of a series of optical and thermal evaluation, with which it is simple for LED system designers to comply. The proposed model has been validated using LED sources, which shows good agreement between the calculated and experimental results.
PDMAEMA based gene delivery materials (2012)

Gene transfection is the transfer of genetic material like DNA into cells. Cationic polymers which form nanocomplexes with DNA, so-called non-viral gene vectors, are a highly promising platform for efficient gene transfection. Despite intensive research efforts and some of the on-going clinical trials on gene transfection, none of the existing cationic polymer systems are generally acceptable for human gene therapy. Since the process of gene transfection is complex and puts different challenges and demands on the delivery system, there is a strong requirement for the design and development of a multifunctional system in a simple way. This review will discuss recent efforts in design, synthesis, and performance of poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) nanocomplexes with DNA.
Grazing of Raphanus sativus. L (Japanese radish). (1987)

The performance of young woolled sheep was markedly better when grazing Japanese radish early in winter, when more leaf was available. Continuous grazing resulted in better performance than rotational or zero grazing. Keywords: continuous grazing; grazing; japanese radish; leaves; nooitgedacht research station; performance; raphanus sativus; root crop; rotational grazing; sheep; south africa; woolled sheep; zero grazing
<title>High-performance infrared detectors at Sofradir</title> (2000)

The performance of an InfraRed (IR) system is based on a high spatial resolution and on a high thermal resolution. An increase in spatial resolution means an increase in number of pixels, a decrease in detector pitch and an increase in the detector pixel MTF. Regarding thermal resolution increase, it will be achieved mainly by an increase in the maximum quantity of charges which can be stored in the silicon read-out circuits for 2D staring arrays. At present, only cooled detectors answer this need of high performance detectors, such as 2D arrays with TV format resolution and high NETD. In this paper these trends regarding high performance are discussed and recent IRFPA results at Sofradir are presented. Finally, a comparison with uncooled detectors, also processed at Sofradir, is presented, to outline the remaining gap between both types of detectors.
[Gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 in osteophyte development]. (2007)

Transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNA is mainly expressed in early-mid stages of osteophytes and may play an important role in promoting the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in the early stages of osteophyte development.
N-variant IC design (2008)

We propose the first method for designing N-variant sequential circuits. The flexibility provided by the N-variants enables a number of important tasks, including IP protection, IP metering, security, design optimization, self-adaptation and fault-tolerance. The method is based on extending the finite state machine (FSM) of the design to include multiple variants of the same design specification. The state transitions are managed by added signals that may come from various triggers depending on the target application. We devise an algorithm for implementing the N-variant IC design. We discuss the necessary manipulations of the added signals that would facilitate the various tasks. The key advantage to integrating the heterogeneity in the functional specification of the design is that we can configure the variants during or post-manufacturing, but removal, extraction or deletion of the variants is not viable. Experimental results on benchmark circuits demonstrate that the method can be automatically and efficiently implemented. Because of its lightweight, N-variant design is particularly well-suited for securing embedded systems. As a proof-of-concept, we implement the N-variant method for content protection in portable media players, e.g., iPod. We discuss how the N-variant design methodology readily enables new digital rights management methods.
Trib2 Suppresses Tumor Initiation in Notch-Driven T-ALL (2016)

Trib2 is highly expressed in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and is a direct transcriptional target of the oncogenic drivers Notch and TAL1. In human TAL1-driven T-ALL cell lines, Trib2 is proposed to function as an important survival factor, but there is limited information about the role of Trib2 in primary T-ALL. In this study, we investigated the role of Trib2 in the initiation and maintenance of Notch-dependent T-ALL. Trib2 had no effect on the growth and survival of murine T-ALL cell lines in vitro when expression was blocked by shRNAs. To test the function of Trib2 on leukemogenesis in vivo, we generated Trib2 knockout mice. Mice were born at the expected Mendelian frequencies without gross developmental anomalies. Adult mice did not develop pathology or shortened survival, and hematopoiesis, including T cell development, was unperturbed. Using a retroviral model of Notch-induced T-ALL, deletion of Trib2 unexpectedly decreased the latency and increased the penetrance of T-ALL development in vivo. Immunoblotting of primary murine T-ALL cells showed that the absence of Trib2 increased C/EBPα expression, a known regulator of cell proliferation, and did not alter AKT or ERK phosphorylation. Although Trib2 was suggested to be highly expressed in T-ALL, transcriptomic analysis of two independent T-ALL cohorts showed that low Trib2 expression correlated with the TLX1-expressing cortical mature T-ALL subtype, whereas high Trib2 expression correlated with the LYL1-expressing early immature T-ALL subtype. These data indicate that Trib2 has a complex role in the pathogenesis of Notch-driven T-ALL, which may vary between different T-ALL subtypes.
Injury‐induced gelatinase and thrombin‐like activities in regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems (1999)

It is now widely accepted that injured nerves, like any other injured tissue, need assistance from their extracellular milieu in order to heal. We compared the postinjury activities of thrombin and gelatinases, two types of proteolytic activities known to be critically involved in tissue healing, in nonregenerative (rat optic nerve) and regenerative (fish optic nerve and rat sciatic nerve) neural tissue. Unlike gelatinases, whose induction pattern was comparable in all three nerves, thrombin-like activity differed clearly between regenerating and nonregenerating nervous systems. Postinjury levels of this latter activity seem to dictate whether it will display beneficial or detrimental effects on the capacity of the tissue for repair. The results of this study further highlight the fact that tissue repair and nerve regeneration are closely linked and that substances that are not unique to the nervous system, but participate in wound healing in general, are also crucial for regeneration or its failure in the nervous system.
Revisiting user simulation in dialogue systems : do we still need them ? : will imitation play the role of simulation ? (2012)

In the journey of life, numerous people walk in and out of our lives. Yet, at times we wish some of those who came into our lives stayed for ever. It is with that sense I am writing this note at the end of my work contract with Supélec. One of the best things that ever happened in my life is to have an opportunity to pursue my doctoral research at Supélec and work with two great minds in the form of Prof. Olivier Pietquin and Dr. Matthieu Geist. Things got even better when I registered my thesis at the Université d’Avignon and continued working under the guidance of Prof. Fabrice Lefèvre. Between 2009 and 2012, I had numerous opportunities to interact with them and learn a great deal of things. I am really grateful for having received their unlimited support at good times as well as those difficult days. I wish to convey my deepest gratitude to my advisers for their priceless time, efforts and above all their inspiration. Olivier, the trust you placed on me was more than what I had on myself at times.
Mutations of acetylcholinesterase which confer insecticide resistance in Drosophila melanogaster populations (2004)

The presence of several alleles in natural populations, offering various resistance to carbamate and organophosphate compounds will complicate the establishment of resistance management programs.
Prevalence of Bacteroides and Prevotella spp. in ulcerative colitis (2006)

The resident bacterial flora of the large intestine has become increasingly recognized as an essential component in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, it is still not known whether the bacterial flora in general or certain bacterial species of the intestinal microbial flora contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease. In order to investigate the composition of the mucosa-associated microbial flora in UC, mucosal tissue samples from patients with active UC and from control subjects with non-inflammatory conditions were analysed and compared. To cover the whole spectrum of intestinal bacteria and to circumvent the known bias introduced by culture-based techniques, comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to determine the bacterial composition in the mucosal tissue samples. The investigation revealed an abundance of sequences from Bacteroides spp. and Prevotella spp. in the mucosal tissue of patients with UC compared with individuals showing no signs of disease. The higher incidence of populations of members of the Bacteroidetes in UC suggests that these may have an influence on the pathogenesis of the disease.