gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of vasodilator drugs on the turbulent sound caused by femoral artery stenosis using short-term Fourier and wavelet transform methods (1994)

In this study, the effects of vasodilator drugs on the turbulent sound generation mechanisms during femoral artery stenoses were investigated using the wavelet analysis of the turbulent sounds to characterize these sounds before and after the injection of vasodilator drugs. Results showed that the injection of drugs drastically improved the diagnostic performance of the turbulent sounds in detecting stenoses by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio of the sounds. Results also suggested that the sound above 250 Hz was drastically increased in response to the injection of the vasodilator drug for the partially occluded cases. The turbulence sounds caused by partially occluded femoral arteries are directly related to the slope of baseline of blood flow and to the velocity of the flow. For the 0% occlusion case, initially, sounds were produced with the injection of drugs. However, the sounds totally disappeared when the slope of average blood flow was zero. These results show that the diagnostic performance of diastolic heart sounds associated with occluded arteries can be improved by using vasodilator drugs, which increase the acoustic energy in the first and second wavelet bandwidths due to the turbulence. The short-term Fourier transform (STFT) method was also applied to the same data base. Results using the STFT showed somewhat similar power distributions in that the acoustical power above 250 Hz was increased after the injection of drugs for the occluded cases. However, the WT method provided better time-frequency resolution than the STFT method, showing details of the change in the frequency characteristics with respect to time after the injection of drug.
Rooting and Drought Avoidance of Warm‐Season Turfgrasses and Tall Fescue in Kansas (1997)

Rooting characteristics of ‘Midlawn’ bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy], ‘Prairie’ buffalograss [ Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.) Engelm.], ‘Meyer’ zoysiagrass ( Zoysia japonica Steud.), and ‘Mustang’ tall rescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) are not well documented, but likely contribute to drought avoidance. Experiments were conducted between 1993 and 1995 to determine (i) vertical rooting patterns in the greenhouse and field and (ii) relationships among rooting parameters, soil water depletion (SWD), and turfgrass wilting in the field. Tall fescue was mowed once weekly at 6.5 cm, whereas warm‐season grasses were mowed twice weekly at 4.5 cm. In the greenhouse, total root length (TRL) of tall fescue between 0 and 120 cm was 180 to 270% greater, and its maximum root extension (MRE) was 33 to 60% deeper than warm‐season grasses. Tall fescue also had a shoot/root ratio (SRR) 29 to 63% lower than ratios of warm‐season grasses. When sampled to a 90‐cm depth in a silt loam soil (fine, montmorillonitic, mesic Aquic Arquidolls) in the field, tall fescue exhibited 39 and 140% greater TRL than warm‐season grasses in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Zoysiagrass had the lowest root length density (RLD) at 30 to 60 and 60 to 90 cm of any grass studied in the field. Soil water depletion during five 7‐ or 12‐d precipitation‐free periods in the field indicated that tall fescue extracted over 50% more water than bermudagrass and zoysiagrass at 90 cm. Buffalograss extracted 66% more water than zoysiagrass at 90 cm during one of these periods. Wilting of warm‐season grasses at the end of dry down in the field was correlated with RLD at 30 to 60 ( r = 0.74) and 60 to 90 cm ( r = 0.66). Deep and extensive rooting of Mustang tall fescue and intermediate rooting of Prairie buffalograss and Midlawn bermudagrass were important components of leaf wilt resistance during drought. Shallow rooting resulted in poor drought avoidance in Meyer zoysiagrass.
Data integration in machine learning (2015)

Modern data generated in many fields are in a strong need of integrative machine learning models in order to better make use of heterogeneous information in decision making and knowledge discovery. How data from multiple sources are incorporated in a learning system is key step for a successful analysis. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review on data integration techniques from a machine learning perspective.
Time of flight and FMCW catheter localization (2009)

This work uses ultrasound signals to track the 3D location of a catheter. Our system provides 3D coordinate data and not images. The coordinates can be registered with preoperative, 3D CT image data to provide a “GPS” like navigation system for catheter based minimally invasive surgery. We used three ultrasound piston transducers as transmitters and held these transmitters at fixed locations. We then moved a custom catheter based transducer within the transmitted ultrasound field. Time of flight (TOF) or frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) range-finding measured the distance between each transmitting transducer and the catheter. We used trilateration to calculate 3D coordinates for the catheter given the spatial coordinates of the transmitters. We performed the localization procedure in a DI water tank and a porcine tissue phantom. In the tank experiment, we shifted the catheter in 1 mm increments for two 10 cm runs, once towards the plane of the transmitters (axially) and once parallel to the plane of the transmitters (laterally). We evaluated performance with linear regression. For TOF, the slope and linear regression fits were m =0.976 with Spearman correlation coefficient R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 0.993 and m=0.709 with R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 1 for the axial and lateral translation coordinates, respectively. For FMCW, the values were m = 1.004 with R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 1 and m= 0.928 with R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> = 0.996, all statistically significant with p ≪0.001. We prepared the porcine tissue phantom by implanting a model silicone aorta beneath the skin surface and imaged it with a CT scan. We advanced the catheter laterally into the phantom and used TOF range-finding to track the position. We then plotted the coordinates on the CT images (Fig. 1). Despite crude registration methods, results demonstrated agreement between the anatomical environment and the tracked path.
Progressive compression for lossless transmission of triangle meshes (2001)

Lossless transmission of 3D meshes is a very challenging and timely problem for many applications, ranging from collaborative design to engineering. Additionally, frequent delays in transmissions call for progressive transmission in order for the end user to receive useful successive refinements of the final mesh. In this paper, we present a novel, fully progressive encoding approach for lossless transmission of triangle meshes with a very fine granularity. A new valence-driven decimating conquest, combined with patch tiling and an original strategic retriangulation is used to maintain the regularity of valence. We demonstrate that this technique leads to good mesh quality, near-optimal connectivity encoding, and therefore a good rate-distortion ratio throughout the transmission. We also improve upon previous lossless geometry encoding by decorrelating the normal and tangential components of the surface. For typical meshes, our method compresses connectivity down to less than 3.7 bits per vertex, 40% better in average than the best methods previously reported [5, 18]; we further reduce the usual geometry bit rates by 20% in average by exploiting the smoothness of meshes. Concretely, our technique can reduce an ascii VRML 3D model down to 1.7% of its size for a 10-bit quantization (2.3% for a 12-bit quantization) while providing a very progressive reconstruction.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the liver with ultrashort TE (UTE) pulse sequences (2003)

Imaging of the liver with UTE sequences showed good image quality and tolerance of abdominal motion. T(2)* was specifically correlated with the presence of hemochromatosis, cirrhosis, and functional grade. Imaging of short T(2) relaxation components may provide useful information in disease.
Preparation of N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose) and D-Mannosamine Hydrochloride (2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose)<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of N-Acetyl-D-mannosamine (2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannose) and D-Mannosamine Hydrochloride (2-Amino-2-deoxy-D-mannose)1Chava Telem Spivak and Saul RosemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 10, 2403–2404Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01519a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01519a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DRC-BASED SELECTION OF OPTIMAL PROBING POINTS FOR CMIP-INTERNAL MEASUREMENTS (2005)

This paper introduces a new method for the selection of optinuxl probing points in chip-internal e-beam testing by applying a set ofprobingpoint selection rules to the complete area of the desired wire. Conznzvrcially available design rule check (DRC) tools are used to perform the required topological operations. For easy adaption to different technologies, a rule definition language hus been developed to allow forthedefinition ofrules independent of the utilized DRCtool. Theyrobingpointselection is such thut loculfield eflects, crosstalk and circuit structure influences are nzininzized.
Silicon solar cell of 16.8 μm thickness and 14.7% efficiency (1993)

Liquid phase epitaxy provides a new impetus for thin film photovoltaics based on silicon; we apply this method for about 20-μm-thick solar cells with high efficiencies. The analysis of internal quantum efficiency measurements reveals that the open circuit voltages around 660 mV arise from an excellent electronic quality of our thin silicon films. Their effective minority carrier diffusion lengths range up to 317 μm, a value that exceeds the thickness of the layers by an order of magnitude. The conversion efficiencies exceed 14% with a record value of 14.7% for a 16.8-μm-thick epitaxial layer without special antireflecting coatings. The high open circuit voltages promise a possible boost of the efficiency toward 20% by applying light trapping schemes to optimize the short circuit current.
Internet and intranet usage in a communications infrastructure for virtual construction project teams (2002)

Construction project teams are virtual enterprises which often comprise several disciplines, are usually non-collocated, and collaborate for relatively short periods in the design and construction of facilities. It is important for effective collaboration within such project teams that an appropriate and efficient communications infrastructure is established. This paper is concerned with the usage of Internet and intranet technologies in a collaborative communications infrastructure for construction project teams, within the context of the European project CICC (Collaborative Integrated Communications for Construction). It describes how these technologies have been applied to people and information retrieval, project team communications, progress monitoring and publicity. A pilot project on which the performance of the communications infrastructure is being evaluated is also included.
Development of background-free tame fluorescent probes for intracellular live cell imaging (2016)

Fluorescence labelling of an intracellular biomolecule in native living cells is a powerful strategy to achieve in-depth understanding of the biomolecule's roles and functions. Besides being nontoxic and specific, desirable labelling probes should be highly cell permeable without nonspecific interactions with other cellular components to warrant high signal-to-noise ratio. While it is critical, rational design for such probes is tricky. Here we report the first predictive model for cell permeable background-free probe development through optimized lipophilicity, water solubility and charged van der Waals surface area. The model was developed by utilizing high-throughput screening in combination with cheminformatics. We demonstrate its reliability by developing CO-1 and AzG-1, a cyclooctyne- and azide-containing BODIPY probe, respectively, which specifically label intracellular target organelles and engineered proteins with minimum background. The results provide an efficient strategy for development of background-free probes, referred to as 'tame' probes, and novel tools for live cell intracellular imaging.
A Policy-based Communications Architecture for Vehicles (2015)

Despite the fact that numerous studies have indicated that vehicular networks are vulnerable to external and internal attacks, very little effort has been expended in safeguarding communications both between elements within the vehicle and between the vehicle and the outside world. In this paper we present a mechanism that allows communications policy (essentially who can talk with whom and the security parameters of the channel) to be defined during the design of the software component and then adapted as the component undergoes integration first within subsystems and so on all the way to the final integration in the operational vehicle. We provide a mechanism that can maintain the integrity of the policy throughout the development effort and, finally, enforce the policy during the operation of the component in the production vehicle.
Clinical analysis of pathophysiology and treatment of sudden deafness. (1987)

The etiology of sudden deafness is not yet known. Thus, proper evaluation of the validity of its treatment is important in order to elucidate the pathogenesis of this desease. The deafness is characterized by the fact that spontaneous recovery is quite common.Based on the statistical analysis of the data from 625 cases of sudden deafness (1974-1985), it was revealed that the following factors were of prognostic importance; ie. time after the onset, hearing level and pattern of the audiogram at the initial visit and presence of the vestibular symptoms.In this study, the author established the criteria which were necessary to predict the prognosis of the sudden deafness. In addition, the relationship between the factors mentioned above and cure rate, degree of improvement of threshold and the fixed hearing level was examined, and the validity of various treatment modalities was re-evaluated. The conclusions obstained in this study were as follows;1. In the patients who visited our hospital within 15 days after the onset, complete recovery rate should be taken into account.2. In those visiting later than 16 days after the onset, prognosis should be based on the degree of improvement of hearing level.3. In evaluating the patients only on the basis of “time after the onset”, at least 51 cases are necessary for statistical analysis.4. For the patients who visited us within 8 days after the onset, no treatment modalities were regarded as effective which include administrations of steroids, low molecular dextran, urografin, ATP compounds or vitamins, and stellate ganglion block.
Enhanced Design of Vibration Energy Harvester Using Dual Masses (2011)

A type of dual-mass vibration energy harvester, where two masses are connected in series with the energy transducer and spring, is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The dual-mass vibration energy harvester is proved to be able to harvest more energy than the traditional single degree-of-freedom (DOF) one when subjected to harmonic force or base displacement excitation. The optimal parameters for maximizing the power output in both the traditional and the new configurations are discussed with taking the parasitic mechanical damping of the system into account. In consistent of the previous literature, we find that the optimal condition for maximum power output of the single DOF vibration energy harvester is when the excitation frequency equals to the natural frequency of the mechanical system and the electrical damping due to the energy harvesting circuit is the same as the mechanical damping. However, the optimal conditions are quite different for the dual-mass vibration energy harvester. It is found that two local optimums exist, where the optimal excitation frequency and electrical damping are analytically obtained. The local maximum power of the dual-mass vibration energy harvester is larger than the global maximum power of single DOF one. Moreover, at certain frequency range between the two natural frequencies of the dual-mass system, the harvesting power always increases with the electrical damping ratio. This suggests that we can obtain higher energy harvesting rate using dual-mass harvester. The sensitivity of the power to parameters, such as mass ratio and tuning ratio, is also investigated.
Statistical optimization of controlled release microspheres containing cetirizine hydrochloride as a model for water soluble drugs (2014)

The purpose was to improve the encapsulation efficiency of cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ) microspheres as a model for water soluble drugs and control its release by applying response surface methodology. A 3(3) Box-Behnken design was used to determine the effect of drug/polymer ratio (X1), surfactant concentration (X2) and stirring speed (X3), on the mean particle size (Y1), percentage encapsulation efficiency (Y2) and cumulative percent drug released for 12 h (Y3). Emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE) technique was applied utilizing Eudragit RS100 as coating polymer and span 80 as surfactant. All formulations were evaluated for micromeritic properties and morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The relative bioavailability of the optimized microspheres was compared with CTZ marketed product after oral administration on healthy human volunteers using a double blind, randomized, cross-over design. The results revealed that the mean particle sizes of the microspheres ranged from 62 to 348 µm and the efficiency of entrapment ranged from 36.3% to 70.1%. The optimized CTZ microspheres exhibited a slow and controlled release over 12 h. The pharmacokinetic data of optimized CTZ microspheres showed prolonged tmax, decreased Cmax and AUC0-∞ value of 3309 ± 211 ng h/ml indicating improved relative bioavailability by 169.4% compared with marketed tablets.
PET imaging in obsessive compulsive disorder with and without depression. (1990)

Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a classic psychoneurosis which is frequently complicated by major depression. Recent positron emission tomography neuroimaging studies, when taken in the context of a variety of other data, implicate a brain dysfunction involving the orbital prefrontal cortex and the striatum in the mediation of OCD behaviors and those of the related Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. The anterolateral prefrontal cortex is implicated in the secondary major depressions often complicating OCD.
Collision handling in virtual environments; facilitating natural user motion (2002)

As we move through the world, we get around most objects using low-level psyche-motor behaviors, which require little conscious thought. In most virtual reality (VR) applications, the user also needs to get around objects in a reasonable way. However, most interfaces provide neither the sensory input nor the body control for users to move about as they do in the real world. We studied three prototypical methods of collision handling in VR: Either the user goes through an object like a ghost, stops dead on contact, or slides around it. In two experiments, subjects used a screen-and-mouse interface to navigate clutter virtual mazes. We found that the third method, sliding, enables superior navigation. While it does not simulate human avoidance behaviors, it does model their effect in terms of object avoidance. Significantly, screen-and-mouse is both the most used and least studied VR interface.
Measurement of Preretinal Oxygen Tension in the Vitrectomized Human Eye Using Fluorine-19 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1992)

We obtained oxygen measurements from a human eye that contained small preretinal droplets of perfluorotributylamine (FTBA) by using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy. These droplets were the remainder of a larger volume of FTBA that was used as an intraoperative retinal tamponade during retinal detachment repair. The spin-lattice relaxation rate ([T1]-1) of the FTBA fluorine nuclide was obtained that could then be related, by direct proportionality, to droplet PO2. With the patient in a supine position, the droplets could be positioned over the macula in the preretinal vitreous space, whereon the FTBA PO2 could be influenced by the preretinal oxygen concentration. Preretinal PO2 values, derived from magnetic resonance spectroscopy, were in the range of 6 to 9 mm Hg, although multiple components were identified that were suggestive of a heterogeneous distribution of PO2 values in the population of droplets. To our knowledge, this investigation is the first to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to performing long-term, noninvasive preretinal oxygen measurements in the vitrectomized human eye by using small droplets of a liquid perfluorochemical.