gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of Using a Leading Edge Fillet on a Gas Turbine Vane (2002)

Abstract With the desire for increased power output for a gas turbine engine comes the continual push to achieve higher turbine inlet temperatures. Higher temperatures result in large thermal and mechanical stresses particularly along the nozzle guide vane. One critical region along a vane is the leading edge-endwall juncture. Based on the assumption that the approaching flow to this juncture is similar to a two-dimensional boundary layer, previous studies have shown that a horseshoe vortex forms. This vortex forms because of a radial total pressure gradient from the approaching boundary layer. This paper documents the computational design and experimental validation of a fillet placed at the leading edge-endwall juncture of a guide vane to eliminate the horseshoe vortex. The fillet design effectively accelerated the incoming boundary layer thereby mitigating the effect of the total pressure gradient. To verify the CFD studies used to design the leading edge fillet, flowfield measurements were performed in a large-scale, linear, vane cascade. The flowfield measurements were performed with a laser Doppler velocimeter in four planes orientated orthogonal to the vane. Good agreement between the CFD predictions and the experimental measurements verified the effectiveness of the leading edge fillet at eliminating the horseshoe vortex. The flow-field results showed that the turbulent kinetic energy levels were significantly reduced in the endwall region because of the absence of the unsteady horseshoe vortex.
Salt-Inducible Kinase Is Involved in the ACTH/cAMP-Dependent Protein Kinase Signaling in Y1 Mouse Adrenocortical Tumor Cells (2001)

The involvement of salt-inducible kinase, a recently cloned protein serine/threonine kinase, in adrenal steroidogenesis was investigated. When Y1 mouse adrenocortical tumor cells were stimulated by ACTH, the cellular content of salt-inducible kinase mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity changed rapidly. Its level reached the highest point in 1-2 h and returned to the initial level after 8 h. The mRNA levels of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein, on the other hand, began to rise after a few hours, reaching the highest levels after 8 h. The salt-inducible kinase mRNA level in ACTH-, forskolin-, or 8-bromo-cAMP-treated Kin-7 cells, mutant Y1 with less cAMP-dependent PKA activity, remained low. However, Kin-7 cells, when transfected with a PKA expression vector, expressed salt-inducible kinase mRNA. Y1 cells that overexpressed salt-inducible kinase were isolated, and the mRNA levels of steroidogenic genes in these cells were compared with those in the parent Y1. The level of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 mRNA in the salt-inducible kinase-overexpressing cells was markedly low compared with that in the parent, while the levels of Ad4BP/steroidogenic factor-1-, ACTH receptor-, and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-mRNAs in the former were similar to those in the latter. The ACTH-dependent expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450- and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein-mRNAs in the salt-inducible kinase-overexpressing cells was significantly repressed. The promoter activity of the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 gene was assayed by using Y1 cells transfected with a human cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 promoter-linked reporter gene. Addition of forskolin to the culture medium enhanced the cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 promoter activity, but the forskolin-dependently activated promoter activity was inhibited when the cells were transfected with a salt-inducible kinase expression vector. This inhibition did not occur when the cells were transfected with a salt-inducible kinase (K56M) vector that encoded an inactive kinase. The salt-inducible kinase's inhibitory effect was also observed when nonsteroidogenic, nonAd4BP/steroidogenic factor-1 -expressing, NIH3T3 cells were used for the promoter assays. These results suggested that salt-inducible kinase might play an important role(s) in the cAMP-dependent, but Ad4BP/steroidogenic factor-1-independent, gene expression of cholesterol side-chain cleavage cytochrome P450 in adrenocortical cells.
Molecular biology of multiple sclerosis (1997)

Multiple Sclerosis - A Molecular Conundrum The Anatomical and Molecular Pathology Of Multiple Sclerosis Molecular Cell Biology Of Oligodendrocytes Molecular Biology Of The Glia: Components Of Myelin - Myelin Basic Protein - The Implication Of Post-Translational Changes For Demyelinating Disease Molecular Biology Of The Glia: Components Of Myelin - PLP and Minor Myelin Proteins Molecular Biology Of The Glia: Astrocytes Molecular Biology Of Microglia Regulation Of Transcription and Translation In The Central Nervous System The Blood-Brain Barrier B Cells and Autoimmunity T-Cell Mediated Autoimmunity In Multiple Sclerosis Genetic Aspects Of MS Glycolipids Of The CNS Transplantation and Repair In Multiple Sclerosis Viruses And MS Animal Model Systems Of MS Rational Therapy In Multiple Sclerosis.
Soluble ST2 Is Associated with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort: The Dallas Heart Study (2012)

In a low-risk population, sST2 does not associate with traditional cardiovascular risk factors or nonfatal cardiovascular events but is higher in African Americans and is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Further investigation is needed regarding the role of sST2 in risk prediction, particularly among African Americans.
Photophysical Processes Involved in Creation of Dark Spatial Solitons in Composite Photonic Media (1994)

Abstract Investigations of formation of dark spatial solitons in thermal and photobleachable media are reported.
Effect of Ear Wounding and Cultural Practices on Abundance of Carpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Other Microcoleopterans in Maize in Northeastern Mexico (1998)

Journal Article Effect of Ear Wounding and Cultural Practices on Abundance of Carpophilus freemani (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) and Other Microcoleopterans in Maize in Northeastern Mexico Get access L. A. Rodriguez-Del-Bosque, L. A. Rodriguez-Del-Bosque Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, INIFAP-SAGAR, Apartado Postal 172, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico 88900 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. Leos-Martinez, J. Leos-Martinez 1 Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, INIFAP-SAGAR, Apartado Postal 172, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico 88900 1Facultad de Agronomia, UANL, Apartado Postal 358, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. Mexico 66450. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar P. F. Dowd P. F. Dowd 2 Campo Experimental Rio Bravo, INIFAP-SAGAR, Apartado Postal 172, Rio Bravo, Tamaulipas, Mexico 88900 2National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDAARS, 1815 North University Street, Peoria, IL61604 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 91, Issue 4, 1 August 1998, Pages 796–801, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/91.4.796 Published: 01 August 1998
Attenuation estimation in highly attenuating media using high frequencies: a comparison study between different mean frequency estimators (1994)

Attenuation estimation from the ultrasound signal backscattered by biological tissues with the “centroid algorithm” requires a mean frequency estimator. We previously presented the second-order auto-regressive (AR2) model for mean frequency and attenuation estimation. In this paper, we focus on a new mean frequency estimator based on an approximation of the first derivative of the autocorrelation function of the demodulated echographic signal at the origin, first introduced for Doppler signal analysis. This adapted estimator (AE) is compared with the AR2 modeling and with the classical Fourier spectrogram technique (FFT) in case of simulated echographic signals using a 20 MHz frequency probe and experimental signals obtained from a scattering phantom with calibrated attenuation. This study shows that the AE and the AR2 estimators lead to a better attenuation estimation than the FFT technique. First in vitro results on porcine skin are shown. These results offer promises for determining attenuation in highly attenuating media either because of their structure or because high frequencies are used
Improvement in Temperature Tolerance of Holographic Data Storage Using Wavelength Tunable Laser (2006)

In this paper, we report a new method of increasing the temperature tolerance of holographic recording media using a wavelength tunable laser. Of all holographic media, photopolymer media are particularly sensitive to temperature, thus some methods are required to maintain a low bit-error ratio (BER) as temperature changes. We demonstrate here how to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as temperature changes using a wavelength tunable blue external cavity laser diode (ECLD) currently under development. For comparison, we analyze the temperature tolerance by a angle-tuning method and a wavelength-tuning method. We have focused that a hybrid of wavelength-tuning and angle-tuning method, we can read out the full of the image at 60°C, which is +30°C above the recording temperature. Moreover, we propose a recording method that allows the wavelength to be adjusted to the temperature changes. By adjusting the wavelength linearly to the temperature changes during recording, we can read out the holograms recorded at different temperatures using the wavelength corresponding to the readout temperature.
Maitake Extracts and Their Therapeutic Potential - A Review (2001)

Maitake (Grifola frondosa) is the Japanese name for an edible fungus with a large fruiting body characterized by overlapping caps. It is a premier culinary as well as medicinal mushroom. Maitake is increasingly being recognized as a potent source of polysaccharide compounds with dramatic health-promoting potential. The most recent development is the MD-fraction, a proprietary maitake extract its Japanese inventors consider to be a notable advance upon the preceding D-fraction. The D-fraction, the MD-fraction, and other extracts, often in combination with whole maitake powder, have shown particular promise as immunomodulating agents, and as an adjunct to cancer and HIV therapy. They may also provide some benefit in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hepatitis. (Altern Med Rev 2001;6(1):48-60)
URLLC Services in 5G Low Latency Enhancements for LTE (2018)

5G is envisioned to support three broad categories of services: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. URLLC services refer to future applications which require reliable data communications from one end to another, while fulfilling ultra-low latency constraints. In this paper, we highlight the requirements and mechanisms that are necessary for URLLC in LTE. Design challenges faced when reducing the latency in LTE are shown. The performance of short processing time and frame structure enhancements are analyzed. Our proposed DCI Duplication method to increase LTE control channel reliability is presented and evaluated. The feasibility of achieving low latency and high reliability for the IMT-2020 submission of LTE is shown. We further anticipate the opportunities and technical design challenges when evolving 3GPP's LTE and designing the new 5G NR standard to meet the requirements of novel URLLC services.
DISEÑO DE MATERIALES CURRICULARES ELECTRÓNICOS A TRAVÉS DE OBJETOS DE APRENDIZAJE (2005)

¿Cómo pueden aplicarse los criterios de diseño pedagógico a los objetos de aprendizaje? En esta comunicación se presenta una propuesta de "ensamblaje" de objetos de aprendizaje para diseñar materiales curriculares electrónicos, en concreto, WebQuests. Esta propuesta está siendo experimentada en dos proyectos interdisciplinares de la Universidad de Alicante.
Modality Effects in Deception Detection and Applications in Automatic-Deception-Detection (2005)

Modality is an important context factor in deception, which is context-dependent. In order to build a reliable and flexible tool for automatic-deception-detection (ADD), we investigated the characteristics of verbal cues to deceptive behavior in three modalities: text, audio and face-to-face communication. Seven categories of verbal cues (21 cues) were studied: quantity, complexity, diversity, verb nonimmediacy, uncertainty, specificity and affect. After testing the interaction effects between modality and condition (deception or truth), we found significance only with specificity and observed that differences between deception and truth were in general consistent across the three modalities. However, modality had strong effects on verbal cues. For example, messages delivered face-to-face were largest in quantity (number of words, verbs, and sentences), followed by the audio modality. Text had the sparsest examples. These modality effects are an important factor in building baselines in ADD tools, because they make it possible to use them to adjust the baseline for an unknown modality according to a known baseline, thereby simplifying the process of ADD. The paper discusses in detail the implications of these findings on modality effects in three modalities.
Respiratory Activity of Intact, Isolated Parenchymal Cells from Rat Liver (1968)

Abstract An enzymatic technique, with collagenase and hyaluronidase, for the preparation of isolated parenchymal cells from rat liver is described. Most of the cells (90 to 95%) appear structurally intact, but the viability of the cells varies from 75 to 95% in different preparations. The cells respire in Krebs-Ringer phosphate solution, glucose-free Hanks solution, and Medium 199, without added substrate, at rates higher than those previously described for liver cells. Furthermore, linear or near linear rates of endogenous respiration can be maintained for 2 hours. The decline of respiration which then follows is associated with certain of the cells dying off. However, after 25 hours of incubation in Medium 199, approximately 25% of the cells are still viable and respiring, and even after 3 days a few cells are still viable. Respiration is stimulated by calcium ions and by 1% albumin, but not by glucose. The results indicate that the preparative procedure for obtaining the isolated cells is far superior to those previously described.
Enhanced colony formation of human hemopoietic stem cells in reduced oxygen tension. (1986)

In general, cell cultures, including hemopoietic stem cells, are produced in an atmosphere of various CO2 concentrations in air, although most cells in vivo proliferate and differentiate at lower oxygen tensions. We therefore investigated the effect of reduced oxygen tension on the in vitro colony growth of committed and multipotential hemopoietic progenitor cells from human bone marrow. All hemopoietic progenitor cells (CFU-mix, BFU-E, CFU-E, and CFU-GM) investigated showed enhanced colony growth at lower oxygen tension. CFU-E showed the highest enhancement, followed in order by BFU-E, CFU-mix and CFU-GM. At reduced oxygen tension, the sensitivity of early and late erythroid progenitor cells to erythropoietin was significantly increased, and this can be one of the mechanisms for the enhanced colony growth of erythroid progenitors. In the colony growth of CFU-GM, plating efficiency was also enhanced by the predominant increment of neutrophilic colonies. The lowering of oxygen tension would presumably reduce oxygen toxicity and result in the increased colony growth of human bone marrow stem cells, although the precise mechanisms of oxygen toxicity at the level of hemopoietic stem cells have yet to be elucidated. However, this clonal culture system, using a low oxygen tension, can be a useful means for elucidating the regulatory mechanisms involved in the proliferation and differentiation of hemopoietic progenitor cells in physiological and pathological conditions.
Compilation of US and UK uranium and thorium constitutional diagrams (1955)

A data compilation are presented for: uranium binary systems for which there are and are not phase diagrams, uranium ternary systems, thorium binary systems for which there are and are not phase diagrams, and one thorium ternary system (Th-Be-Si). (DLC)
Relation Between Activated Clotting Time During Angioplasty and Abrupt Closure (1996)

This study demonstrates a significant inverse relation between the degree of anticoagulation during angioplasty and the risk of abrupt closure. A minimum target activated clotting time could not be identified; rather, the higher the intensity of anticoagulation, the lower the risk of abrupt closure.
Entomopathogenic Nematode Infectivity Assay: Comparison of Penetration Rate into Different Hosts (1996)

Penetration rate (the percentage of the initial infective juvenile inoculum that invades an insect host) was tested as an indicator of entomopathogenic nematode infectivity. Several host-parasite-substrate combinations were evaluated for penetration rate. Four steinernematids, Steinernema carpocapsae, S. glaseri, S. feltiae, S. riobravis and two strains of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were tested in a contact bioassay against the wax moth, Galleria mellonella, the yellow meal worm, Tenebrio molitor, the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, the black cutworm, Agrotis ipsilon, and the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis. The insect larvae were confined individually in sand and filter paper arenas and exposed to 200 infective juveniles. After incubation, dead insects were dissected in order to count the nematodes penetrated. The data were analyzed for the effects of nematode strain and substrate on penetration rate. The bioassay substrate had a variable effect depending on the insect species. The nematode effect was highly significant for all insects tested. The penetration rate therefore allowed comparisons among nematode strains invading a host. Nematode ranking for infectivity differed according to the insect tested. Keywords: Heterorhabditis BacteriophoraSteinernema CarpocapsaeSteinernema GlaseriSteinernema FeltiaeSteinernema RiobravisGalleria MellonellaTenebrio MolitorSpodoptera ExiguaAgrotis IpsilonOstrinia NubilalisBiological ControlInfectivityBioassayPenetration Rate
Lactoferrin and surfactant protein A exhibit distinct binding specificity to F protein and differently modulate respiratory syncytial virus infection (2003)

Surfactant protein A (SP-A) and lactoferrin (LF) play important roles in innate immune systems in the respiratory mucous membranes. We investigated how SP-A and LF act against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The present study indicated that RSV-induced IL-8 secretion from HEp-2 cells was up-regulated by SP-A (170% of control) but down-regulated by LF (23% of control). RSV infectivity determined by viral titers and the uptake of FITC-labeled RSV were also increased by SP-A, but decreased by LF. To clarify the mechanism of these opposite effects, we examined the interactions of SP-A and LF with RSV F protein, the most important surface glycoprotein for viral penetration. RSV F protein was found to be the ligand for both SP-A and LF, but the manners of binding were different. LF directly interacted with the F(1) subunit, which involved antigenic sites of F protein. Contrarily, SP-A associated with the F(2) subunit, which was highly glycosylated. SP-A but not LF failed to interact with deglycosylated F protein. Moreover, SP-A initiated the hemolyzing fusion activity of F protein. These results suggest that SP-A and LF modulate RSV infection by different binding specificity to F protein.
Activation of the Early-Late Switch in Adenovirus Type 5 Major Late Transcription Unit Expression by L4 Gene Products (2004)

The adenovirus major late transcription unit (MLTU) encodes multiple proteins from five regions, L1 to L5, through differential splicing and polyadenylation. MLTU expression is temporally regulated; only a single product from L1 (52/55K) is expressed prior to replication, but a subsequent switch, the mechanism of which has not been defined, leads to full expression that encompasses L1 IIIa and all L2 to L5 products. Transfection of a plasmid containing the complete MLTU gave a full array of proteins in proportions similar to those in a late infection, and in a time course, the temporal pattern of expression in a natural infection was reproduced. However, a plasmid truncated after the L3 poly(A) site exclusively expressed the L1 52/55K protein and was defective in the switch to full gene expression from L1 to L3. The L4 33K protein, supplied in trans, was sufficient to upregulate cytoplasmic mRNA for MLTU products characteristic of the late pattern of expression to levels comparable to those produced by the full-length MLTU. There was a corresponding increase in expression of the L1 IIIa, L2, and L3 proteins, except hexon. Hexon protein expression additionally required both the L4 100K protein in trans and sequences downstream of the L3 poly(A) site in cis. These results indicate that induction of L4 protein expression is a key event in the early-late switch in MLTU expression, which we propose is precipitated by small amounts of L4 expression in a feed-forward activation mechanism.
Anonymous public-key certificates for anonymous and fair document exchange (2000)

Two protocols are presented for the issuing and identity tracing of anonymous public-key certificates, used by different parties to engage in an anonymous and fair document exchange without revealing their real identities while still being held accountable for their activities. The certificate issuing protocol allows a party to apply to certificate authorities for anonymous public-key certificates using a certificate already issued. The identity tracing protocol enables a legal authority to trace the pseudonym in an anonymous certificate back to the real identity of the corresponding party. The protocols are also analysed with regard to anonymity and accountability.
A Solution Algorithm for the Supply Chain Network Equilibrium Model (2004)

A supply chain network equilibrium problem was recently formulated using the variational inequality approach and solved with the modified projection method.Assuming the vector function F that enters the variational inequality is strictly monotone and Lipschitz continuous (and that a solution exists).The realization of the modified projection algorithm for the supply chain network equilibrium model is guaranteed to converge; however, its algorithmic steps are not so interesting to the transportation community as the concept of traffic assignment is not used.In this paper, a new solution algorithm that iteratively solves a fixed-demand traffic assignment problem and makes comparisons among intermediate solutions is proposed.The proposed algorithm is well explained by a supernetwork representation, and in addition, loosely justified by a numerical example.The proposed solution algorithm can be extended to solve the time-dependent/dynamic supply chain network equilibrium model without difficulty.