gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thrombin Inhibition by Fetal Distal Lung Epithelium is Different in Fetal and Adult Plasma (1994)

Intra-alveolar fibrin deposition is a cardinal feature of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and likely contributes to short-term and long-term morbidity. Previous studies have shown that fetal distal lung epithelial cell (FDLE) surfaces express procoagulant activity when incubated with adult plasma and may therefore provide one mechanism by which fibrin is generated. However, plasma concentrations of prothrombin and thrombin inhibitors differ significantly at birth and during the first weeks of life compared with adult values. Therefore, we measured thrombin-generating capacity and inhibitor complex formation in cord and adult plasma incubated in the presence of FDLE. Although starting cord plasma concentrations of prothrombin were 43% of adult values, the amount of thrombin generated was decreased by only 21%. When cord plasma concentrations of prothrombin were selectively increased to adult values, the amount of thrombin generated surpassed adult plasma by 89%. The latter observations suggested that thrombin inhibition was impaired in cord plasma compared with adult plasma and supplementation of cord plasma with antithrombin III (ATIII) as well as prothrombin returned thrombin generation to adult levels. However, the percentage of thrombin complexed to inhibitors (59%) at the completion of the experiments was similar in cord, cord plus prothrombin, cord plus prothrombin plus ATIII, and adult plasmas. Although a higher proportion of thrombin was inhibited by alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M) in cord plasma and cord plasma plus prothrombin, this did not compensate for the decreased amount of thrombin inhibited by ATIII. When cord plasma was supplemented with ATIII as well as prothrombin, the proportions of thrombin complexed by the different inhibitors were similar to those of adult plasma.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Synthesis of unsymmetrical 3,3′-biquinazoline-2,2′-diones by condensation of 3-aminoquinazolinones with benzoxazinones; fortuitous discovery, and further syntheses of 4-H-3-oxo-1,9a,10-triazaanthracen-9-ones (2005)

Condensation of 2-alkyl- or 2-aryl-3-aminoquinazolin-4-ones with benz[1,3]oxazin-4-ones gives the unsymmetrical 2,2′disubstituted 3,3′biquinazoline-4,4′-diones. The reaction is tolerant to a range of heteroatom and unsaturated functionality in the quinazolinone 2-position. However, treatment of 3-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-3H-quinazolin-4-ones with benz[1,3]oxazinone at high temperatures gave 4H-3-oxo-1,9a,10-triazaanthracen-9-ones, an unreported fused heterocyclic system, a more direct synthesis of which, replacing benzoxazinones with orthoesters is presented.
Novel current-voltage characteristics of an InP-based resonant-tunneling high electron mobility transistor and their circuit applications (2002)

We report novel current-voltage characteristics in an InP-based resonant-tunneling high electron mobility transistor (RTHEMT). The RTHEMT incorporates a resonant-tunneling diode structure into the source region of a HEMT. A near-flat valley current is obtained in the current-voltage characteristics. This unique feature leads to the observation of negative transconductance throughout a wide range of source-drain bias. Using a simple circuit that combines an RTHEMT with a resistor load, we demonstrate frequency multipliers (both doubler and tripler) and a three-valued logic inverse literal gate.
Gene targeting technologies in rats: Zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator‐like effector nucleases, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (2013)

The laboratory rat has been widely used as an animal model in biomedical science for more than 150 years. Applying zinc-finger nucleases or transcription activator-like effector nucleases to rat embryos via microinjection is an efficient genome editing tool for generating targeted knockout rats. Recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated endonucleases have been used as an effective tool for precise and multiplex genome editing in mice and rats. In this review, the advantages and disadvantages of these site-specific nuclease technologies for genetic analysis and manipulation in rats are discussed.
뇌졸중 환자의 기능 분석을 위한 ICF의 임상 적용 (2009)

목적 : 본 연구의 목적은 ICF(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health)의 능력(capacity)과 수행(performance) 평가치의 신뢰도와 FIM(Functional Independence Measure)과 MBI(Modified Barthel Index)와의 기준관련타당도를 알아보고자 하였다.연구 방법 : 국립재활원에 입원한 아급성기 뇌졸중 환자 55명을 대상으로 실시하였다. ICF에 경험이 있는 2명의 의사가 FIM과 MBI에 해당하는 항목을 ICF 항목과 연결시켜 10개 항목 중 3개의 범주인 이동, 보행, 자기 관리 항목을 추출하였으며, 모든 평가는 물리치료사, 작업치료사에 의해 수행되었다. ICF의 수행과 능력 평가치의 측정자간 신뢰도(Inter-rater reliability)는 급간내상관계수인 ICC(2.1)을 절대적 신뢰도는 SEM(Standard Error Measurement)과 SRD(Small Reference Difference)를 FIM과 MBI, ICF와의 상관관계는 Pearson 상관계수를 이용하여 분석하였다.결과 : ICF 능력과 수행 평가치의 측정자간 신뢰도는 각각 .92(.95, .97), .98(.97, .99), SEM은 1.03, 1.09이었으며, SRD는 2.85, 3.02로 매우 높은 신뢰도를 보였다. ICF 능력 평가치는 FIM(r=-.97), MBI(r=-.90)와 높은 음의 상관관계가 있었고, ICF 수행 평가치는 FIM(r=-.73), MBI(r=-.69)와 중간 정도의 음의 상관관계가 있었다.결론 : ICF는 FIM과 MBI의 기준 관련 타당도에서 음의 상관관계가 있었으며, 신뢰할만한 기능 평가 도구로서 뇌졸중 환자의 기능적 상태를 평가하는데 임상 연구나 실험에서 유용한 평가 도구가 될 수 있을 것이다.
2D NMR studies and 3D structure of the parallel-stranded duplex oligonucleotide Acrm5-.alpha.-d(TCTAAACTC)-.beta.)d(AGATTTGAG) via complete relaxation matrix analysis of the NOE effects and molecular mechanics calculations (1990)

The three-dimensional structure of the duplex formed by the association of the unnatural oligonucleotide alpha-d(TCTAAACTC) covalently linked to an acridine derivative (m5Acr) with its natural and parallel complementary sequence beta-d(AGATTTGAG) was investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and constrained molecular mechanics calculations. All the nonexchangeable and exchangeable resonances were assigned in this duplex. The structure was refined by using interproton distances determined by NOE measurements. The NOE values were converted into distances by using the complete 190 x 190 relaxation matrix. The unnatural duplex Acrm5-alpha-d(TCTAAACTC)-beta-d(AGATTTGAG) forms a parallel right-handed helix with Watson-Crick base pairing; the alpha and beta deoxyriboses adopt a 3'-exo conformation. The acridine moiety was found stacked up the C9-G9 base pair. The structure of the first seven base pairs of this duplex was found similar to that of the duplex alpha-d(TCTAAAC)-beta-d(AGATTTG), which we had already investigated [Lancelot, G., et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 7871-7878]. Since these structures were generated by using experimental NOE values obtained independently on macromolecules whose global correlation time was different (3.8 and 2.2 ns), we conclude that this comparison is a good test of the viability of our method to generate three-dimensional structures of oligonucleotides in solution. Starting from different initial conformations, we show that the NOE constraints allow one to reach the same final restrained conformation, taking into account implicitly the solvent effect.
Alkoxy-Substituted Titanium(IV) Chlorides as Lewis Acid Activators for Living Cationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether: Control of Lewis Acidity in the Design of Initiating Systems (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkoxy-Substituted Titanium(IV) Chlorides as Lewis Acid Activators for Living Cationic Polymerization of Isobutyl Vinyl Ether: Control of Lewis Acidity in the Design of Initiating SystemsMasami Kamigaito, Mitsuo Sawamoto, and Toshinobu HigashimuraCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 16, 5671–5675Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00120a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00120a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views554Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solitons in Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber: Engineering Nonlinearity and Compressing Pulses (2009)

We have demonstrated nonlinear propagation in a 3-cell hollow core photonic crystal fiber. The reduced core size increases the nonlinear coefficient of the guided mode. However, the reduction in the expected soliton energy is small (a factor of approximately 2) as the dispersion of this fiber is also increased by the smaller core. We also demonstrate soliton compression using a 35 m 7-cell tapered fiber, compressing picosecond input pulses by over an order of magnitude.
Sulfur deficiency widespread: Areas in 34 of California's 58 counties found to have soils deficient in nutrient essential for normal growth of plants (1958)

The frequency of sulfur deficiency in California soils ranks sulfur a close third—after nitrogen and phosphorus—as a major plant nutrient which must be supplied to maintain crop production.
Signal flow graph in loop gain analysis of DC-DC PWM CCM switching converters (1998)

A systematic and unified method using the signal flow graph (SFG) technique is presented in analyzing dc-dc pulsewidth modulated (PWM) switch mode power converters (SMPC's) operating in the continuous conduction mode (CCM). Loop gains for single and multiloop systems are reviewed. The SFG of the converter is then generated from the perturbed state-space averaged (SSA) equations, and the characteristic polynomial of the system is computed. By grouping terms associated with the gain of the error amplifier as the numerator, a unique definition of system loop gain is introduced, and locations for breaking the loop are discussed. System loop gains for both voltage- and current-programming converters with either trailing- or leading-edge modulation are derived. It is shown that for a SMPC, the loop gain measured by an analog injection method is the system loop gain, which determines the stability of the converter.
Metal-directed self-assembly of terphenyl based dithiocarbamate ligands (2001)

The synthesis of dithiocarbamate ligands based on an m-terphenyl scaffold is reported. These ligands self-assemble with zinc(II), nickel(II) and copper(II) ions to afford neutral, dinuclear metallomacrocycles in varied yields. The assemblies have been characterised by a range of techniques, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry and cyclic voltammetry. Intramolecular coordination of bipyridyl guests has been investigated with the zinc(II) containing macrocycles. NMR spectroscopy and FAB mass spectrometry demonstrate the formation of 1 ∶ 1 inclusion complexes with 4,4′-bipyridyl.
Bach in a box: the evolution of four part Baroque harmony using the genetic algorithm (2002)

The space of all possible musical compositions given the constraints of the standard Western tonal and rhythmic system is uncountably vast. We look at a small subsection of this space: Baroque harmony. The rules governing Baroque harmony have been carefully laid out by musical scholars, and the size of this search space becomes tractable if we are given a melody and a key signature to work with. Music is easily represented in numerical form, and is thus an obvious candidate for computer manipulation. We investigate a system using the genetic algorithm that is capable of generating well constructed Baroque-style harmonies given a user-defined melody.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fast and Reproducible Fiber Bundle Selection in DTI Visualization (2006)

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is an MRI-based technique for quantifying water diffusion in living tissue. In the white matter of the brain, water diffuses more rapidly along the neuronal axons than in the perpendicular direction. By exploiting this phenomenon, DTI can be used to determine trajectories of fiber bundles, or neuronal connections between regions, in the brain. The resulting bundles can be visualized. However, the resulting visualizations can be complex and difficult to interpret. An effective approach is to pre-determine trajectories from a large number of positions throughout the white matter (full brain fiber tracking) and to offer facilities to aid the user in selecting fiber bundles of interest. Two factors are crucial for the use and acceptance of this technique in clinical studies: firstly, the selection of the bundles by brain experts should be interactive, supported by real-time visualization of the trajectories registered with anatomical MRI scans. Secondly, the fiber selections should be reproducible, so that different experts will achieve the same results. In this paper we present a practical technique for the interactive selection of fiber-bundles using multiple convex objects that is an order of magnitude faster than similar techniques published earlier. We also present the results of a clinical study with ten subjects that show that our selection approach is highly reproducible for fractional anisotropy (FA) calculated over the selected fiber bundles.
Security and key management in IoT‐based wireless sensor networks: An authentication protocol using symmetric key (2019)

Summary Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of hundreds of miniature sensor nodes to sense various events in the surrounding environment and report back to the base station. Sensor networks are at the base of internet of things (IoT) and smart computing applications where a function is performed as a result of sensed event or information. However, in resource‐limited WSN authenticating a remote user is a vital security concern. Recently, researchers put forth various authentication protocols to address different security issues. Gope et al presented a protocol claiming resistance against known attacks. A thorough analysis of their protocol shows that it is vulnerable to user traceability, stolen verifier, and denial of service (DoS) attacks. In this article, an enhanced symmetric key‐based authentication protocol for IoT‐based WSN has been presented. The proposed protocol has the ability to counter user traceability, stolen verifier, and DoS attacks. Furthermore, the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified using Proverif and BAN logic. The proposed protocol has the same communication cost as the baseline protocol; however, in computation cost, it has 52.63% efficiency as compared with the baseline protocol.
Import of the carboxy-terminal portion of acyl-CoA oxidase into peroxisomes of Candida tropicalis. (1987)

We report the sequence of a cDNA clone that codes for the carboxy-terminal portion of the peroxisomal protein, acyl-CoA oxidase, from the yeast, Candida tropicalis. This is a newly identified acyl-CoA oxidase sequence, most likely a second allele of POX4. The cDNA clone was expressed by in vitro transcription followed by translation. The major product, a 43-kD protein, associated with isolated peroxisomes in an in vitro import assay. More than half of the peroxisome-associated protein was protected from added protease, implying that it was internalized within the organelle. These findings indicate that there is sufficient information in the carboxy-terminal portion of the protein to target it to peroxisomes.
Fluorescence studies of the conformational changes of poly(methacrylic acid) with pH (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorescence studies of the conformational changes of poly(methacrylic acid) with pHA. F. Olea and J. K. ThomasCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 3, 1165–1169Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00193a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00193a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views500Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel method of blood pulse and flow measurement using the disturbance created by blood flowing through a localized magnetic field (2012)

La mesure et le contrôle du pouls et du flux sanguin en continu sont d'importants paramètres pour l'évaluation de signes essentiels physiologiques sur la condition de santé d'un individu. Les dispositifs commerciaux existants, ainsi que les méthodes de recherche ou utilisées dans le milieu médical exigent un bon contact électrique ou optique pour obtenir cette mesure en continu. Pendant ces travaux de recherche, une méthode originale non invasive de mesure du rythme cardiaque fondée sur la perturbation localisée d'un champ magnétique au passage du flux sanguin a été développée, permettant l'acquisition des signaux à travers les vêtements, la transpiration, les salissures ou autres polluants dans l'environnement proche du capteur. Cette méthode est appelée la Signature Sanguine par Modulation Magnétique (MMSB) et les mesures ont été accomplies sur de multiples individus. Le système a été modélisé mathématiquement et simulé dans un environnement multiphysique, puis validé par l'utilisation des données expérimentales. Les résultats de mesure, en utilisant la méthode MMSB, pour le pouls et le flux sanguin ont été comparés et se trouvent bien corrélés, avec les résultats obtenus grâce à d'autres instruments. De plus, deux dispositifs ont été développés et sont en cours de commercialisation, pour des applications de vie quotidienne
Selecting barcoding loci for plants: evaluation of seven candidate loci with species‐level sampling in three divergent groups of land plants (2009)

There has been considerable debate, but little consensus regarding locus choice for DNA barcoding land plants. This is partly attributable to a shortage of comparable data from all proposed candidate loci on a common set of samples. In this study, we evaluated the seven main candidate plastid regions (rpoC1, rpoB, rbcL, matK, trnH-psbA, atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI) in three divergent groups of land plants [Inga (angiosperm); Araucaria (gymnosperm); Asterella s.l. (liverwort)]. Across these groups, no single locus showed high levels of universality and resolvability. Interspecific sharing of sequences from individual loci was common. However, when multiple loci were combined, fewer barcodes were shared among species. Evaluation of the performance of previously published suggestions of particular multilocus barcode combinations showed broadly equivalent performance. Minor improvements on these were obtained by various new three-locus combinations involving rpoC1, rbcL, matK and trnH-psbA, but no single combination clearly outperformed all others. In terms of absolute discriminatory power, promising results occurred in liverworts (e.g. c. 90% species discrimination based on rbcL alone). However, Inga (rapid radiation) and Araucaria (slow rates of substitution) represent challenging groups for DNA barcoding, and their corresponding levels of species discrimination reflect this (upper estimate of species discrimination = 69% in Inga and only 32% in Araucaria; mean = 60% averaging all three groups).
Electroporation of viral transactivator proteins into lymphocyte suspension cells (1992)

Journal Article Electroporation of viral transactivator proteins into lymphocyte suspension cells Get access Fatah Kashanchi, Fatah Kashanchi Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Janet F. Duvall, Janet F. Duvall Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John N. Brady John N. Brady * Laboratory of Molecular Virology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of HealthBethesda, MD 20892, USA * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 20, Issue 17, 11 September 1992, Pages 4673–4674, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/20.17.4673 Published: 11 September 1992 Article history Received: 14 May 1992 Published: 11 September 1992
Cancellation of aliasing in CCD low-pass filters (1977)

The spurious frequencies caused by aliasing in a CCD low-pass filter can be canceled in the passband by designing a prefilter into the CCDs input stage. In this paper, the authors describe how single- and multiple-stage prefilters can be used, the rejection band and attenuation being set by the number of stages. They describe the design of second-order and third-order prefilters. In a basic design, the filtering effect is obtained only around the odd multiples of clock frequency; in a more complex design, the filtering effect is also obtained around twice the clock frequency. A second-order prefilter has been integrated into the input stage of a CCD low-pass filter. Experimental results are presented.
Narrow host range of AIDS-related retroviruses (YU-1, 2, 3, 4) isolated from Japanese hemophiliacs: inability to infect H9, Molt-4, and MT-4 cells. (1986)

Infectivity was assayed by infecting human T-lymphocytes, H9, Molt-4, and MT-4 cells with different strains of AIDS viruses (HTLV-III, LAV, ARV, and YU viruses). Human T-lymphotropic virus type-III (HTLV-III), lymphadenopathy-associated virus (LAV), and AIDS-associated retrovirus (ARV) were able to infect all kinds of target cells tested and to induce virus-specific antigens, whereas Japanese isolates, YU viruses, infected only interleukin-2-dependent human T-lymphocytes. Long-term propagation of the YU viruses and pretreatment of the cells with Polybrene did not allow the YU virus to produce viral antigens by infecting H9, Molt-4, and MT-4 cells. Thus, YU viruses have a rather narrow host range as compared with HTLV-III, LAV, and ARV. These different infectivities may be reflected in the progress and symptoms of AIDS in vivo.