gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Caffeine ingestion elevates plasma insulin response in humans during an oral glucose tolerance test (2001)

We tested the hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in an exaggerated response in blood glucose and (or) insulin during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Young, fit adult males (n = 18) underwent 2 OGTT. The subjects ingested caffeine (5 mg/kg) or placebo (double blind) and 1 h later ingested 75 g of dextrose. There were no differences between the fasted levels of serum insulin, C peptide, blood glucose, or lactate and there were no differences within or between trials in these measures prior to the OGTT. Following the OGTT, all of these parameters increased (P < or = 0.05) for the duration of the OGTT. Caffeine ingestion resulted in an increase (P < or = 0.05) in serum fatty acids, glycerol, and plasma epinephrine prior to the OGTT. During the OGTT, these parameters decreased to match those of the placebo trial. In the caffeine trial the serum insulin and C peptide concentrations were significantly greater (P < or = 0.001) than for placebo for the last 90 min of the OGTT and the area under the curve (AUC) for both measures were 60 and 37% greater (P < or = 0.001), respectively. This prolonged, increased elevation in insulin did not result in a lower blood glucose level; in fact, the AUC for blood glucose was 24% greater (P = 0.20) in the caffeine treatment group. The data support our hypothesis that caffeine ingestion results in a greater increase in insulin concentration during an OGTT. This, together with a trend towards a greater rather than a more modest response in blood glucose, suggests that caffeine ingestion may have resulted in insulin resistance.
Transplantation of Embryonic Stem Cells Improves Nerve Repair and Functional Recovery After Severe Sciatic Nerve Axotomy in Rats (2008)

Extensive research has focused on transplantation of pluripotent stem cells for the treatment of central nervous system disorders, the therapeutic potential of stem cell therapy for injured peripheral nerves is largely unknown. We used a rat sciatic nerve transection model to test the ability of implanted embryonic stem (ES) cell-derived neural progenitor cells (ES-NPCs) in promoting repair of a severely injured peripheral nerve. Mouse ES cells were neurally induced in vitro; enhanced expression and/or secretion of growth factors were detected in differentiating ES cells. One hour after removal of a 1-cm segment of the left sciatic nerve, ES-NPCs were implanted into the gap between the nerve stumps with the surrounding epineurium as a natural conduit. The transplantation resulted in substantial axonal regrowth and nerve repair, which were not seen in culture medium controls. One to 3 months after axotomy, co-immunostaining with the mouse neural cell membrane specific antibody M2/M6 and the Schwann cell marker S100 suggested that transplanted ES-NPCs had survived and differentiated into myelinating cells. Regenerated axons were myelinated and showed a uniform connection between proximal and distal stumps. Nerve stumps had near normal diameter with longitudinally oriented, densely packed Schwann cell-like phenotype. Fluoro-Gold retrogradely labeled neurons were found in the spinal cord (T12-13) and DRG (L4-L6), suggesting reconnection of axons across the transection. Electrophysiological recordings showed functional activity recovered across the injury gap. These data suggest that transplanted neurally induced ES cells differentiate into myelin-forming cells and provide a potential therapy for severely injured peripheral nerves.
Detection, amplification & sequence homology of sodC in clinical isolates of Salmonella sp. (2010)

The presence of SodC in pathogenic bacteria could be a novel candidate as phylogenetic marker.
Development of the miniaturized wireless Inertial Measurement Unit WB-4: Pilot test for mastication analysis (2010)

Mastication analysis can provide an objective basis for studying and diagnosing jaw musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, the use and development of devices for quantitatively measuring and analyzing jaw movement have become very popular in the consulting room. This paper proposes a simple to be used jaw tracking prototype by using the new miniaturized wireless Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) named WB-4. The WB-4 EVTU primarily contains a mother board, a Bluetooth module and a Li-Polymer battery. The mother board is provided with a microcontroller and 9-axis inertial sensors (miniaturized MEMS accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer) to measure the jaw motion. The data transmission between WB-4 and PC is based on the Bluetooth module to realize the wireless communication. The IMU's extremely reduced weight and size allows it to be easily attached to mandible during normal mastication tests without physical restriction to the subjects. Three pilot experiments for mastication analysis of chewing gum were elaborated. A group of 9 healthy subjects kindly participated in the experiment. The preliminary results show that WB-4 IMU can efficiently evaluate the jaw movement and mastication pattern of different subjects, which could provide quantitative information to the doctors for the diagnosing and clinical treatment of different jaw diseases.
Blood Loss and Transfusion After Topical Tranexamic Acid Administration in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (2015)

There has been much debate and controversy about the safety and efficacy of the topical use of tranexamic acid in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate whether there is less blood loss and lower rates of transfusion after topical tranexamic acid administration in primary TKA. A systematic review of the electronic databases PubMed, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and Embase was undertaken. All randomized, controlled trials and prospective cohort studies evaluating the effectiveness of topical tranexamic acid during primary TKA were included. The focus of the analysis was on the outcomes of blood loss results, transfusion rate, and thromboembolic complications. Subgroup analysis was performed when possible. Of 387 studies identified, 16 comprising 1421 patients (1481 knees) were eligible for data extraction and meta-analysis. This study indicated that when compared with the control group, topical application of tranexamic acid significantly reduced total drain output (mean difference, -227.20; 95% confidence interval, -347.11 to -107.30; P<.00001), total blood loss (mean difference, -311.28; 95% confidence interval, -404.94 to -217.62; P<.00001), maximum postoperative hemoglobin decrease (mean difference, -0.73; 95% confidence interval, -0.96 to -0.50; P<.00001), and blood transfusion requirements (risk ratios, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.24 to 0.43; P=.14). The authors found a statistically significant reduction in blood loss and transfusion rates when using topical tranexamic acid in primary TKA. Furthermore, the currently available evidence does not support an increased risk of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism due to tranexamic acid administration. Topical tranexamic acid was effective for reducing postoperative blood loss and transfusion requirements without increasing the prevalence of thromboembolic complications.
Eotaxin induces degranulation and chemotaxis of eosinophils through the activation of ERK2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (2000)

Eotaxin and other CC chemokines acting via CC chemokine receptor-3 (CCR3) are believed to play an integral role in the development of eosinophilic inflammation in asthma and allergic inflammatory diseases. However, little is known about the intracellular events following agonist binding to CCR3 and the relationship of these events to the functional response of the cell. The objectives of this study were to investigate CCR3-mediated activation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2 (ERK2), p38, and c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in eosinophils and to assess the requirement for MAP kinases in eotaxin-induced eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) release and chemotaxis. MAP kinase activation was studied in eotaxin-stimulated eosinophils (more than 97% purity) by Western blotting and immune-complex kinase assays. ECP release was measured by radioimmunoassay. Chemotaxis was assessed using Boyden microchambers. Eotaxin (10(-11) to 10(-7) mol/L) induced concentration-dependent phosphorylation of ERK2 and p38. Phosphorylation was detectable after 30 seconds, peaked at about 1 minute, and returned to baseline after 2 to 5 minutes. Phosphorylation of JNK above baseline could not be detected. The kinase activity of ERK2 and p38 paralleled phosphorylation. PD980 59, an inhibitor of the ERK2-activating enzyme MEK (MAP ERK kinase), blocked phosphorylation of ERK2 in a concentration-dependent manner. The functional relevance of ERK2 and p38 was studied using PD98 059 and the p38 inhibitor SB202 190. PD98 059 and SB202 190 both caused inhibition of eotaxin-induced ECP release and chemotaxis. We conclude that eotaxin induces a rapid concentration-dependent activation of ERK2 and p38 in eosinophils and that the activation of these MAP kinases is required for eotaxin-stimulated degranulation and directed locomotion. (Blood. 2000;95:1911-1917)
"The President as a Character: A Narrative Analysis of USA TODAY and the New York Times Coverage of Drone Strikes during the Obama Presidency" (2016)

In this paper, I will examine the Obama administration's use of drone strikes through a narrative analysis of text from the news sources USA TODAY and The New York Times about how President Obama is specifically constructed as a narrative character. This study intends not to focus on Obama the president but instead a media source's representation of Obama through a narrative construct. This process illustrates the importance of connecting a socially significant topic, an important world leader and an interpretative research approach intended to highlight the complexity of character construction when understanding media representations. I will discuss these topics by first giving some background about drone strikes and the political and economic interests that help to shape media content in the U.S. Next, I will explain the importance of narrative when constructing understandings of media text and how those understanding help to formulate conclusions about the media discourse that flows freely through modern life. Then, I will give examples from the USA TODAY text that illustrate the findings about the construction of the character of President Obama. Finally, I will illustrate some conclusions and options for future research about drone strikes, narrative and media discourse.
Aminocyclitol Antibiotics: An Introduction (1980)

Aminocyclitol antibiotics constitute an important class of clinically useful therapeutic agents, whose discovery dates from that of streptomycin in 1944. These compounds, which are less precisely, though widely, also referred to as aminoglycoside antibiotics, include some of the most successful commercial antibiotics and new members of the class are being added yearly. Numerous reviews of aminocyclitols are available (1-8), providing references to the individual antibiotics. Thus, the present introductory section will simply indicate the breadth and diversity of the class, providing specific references only to the newer members. Aminocyclitols can be divided into a very large group which contain 2-deoxystreptamine (a 1,2,3-trideoxy-1,3-diamino analog of scyllo-inositol) and a somewhat smaller group containing other aminocyclitols. The deoxystreptamine antibiotics can be further grouped according to the number and location of substituents attached to the deoxystreptamine unit. 4,5-Disubstituted deoxystreptamines include neomycins, paromomycins, lividomycins and 2230-C (Figure 1). These pseudotetra- and pseudopentasaccharides all contain one
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Novel 3D Sm(III) Coordination Polymer with Mixed Ligands (2013)

The coordination polymer, [Sm 2 (HPyImDC) 2 Ox (H 2 O) 2 ·6H 2 n [H 3 PyImDC = 2-(pyridine-3-yl)-1H-4,5-imidazoledicarboxylic acid, Ox = oxalate], has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic, space group C 2/c with a = 28.166(6), b = 6.9970(14), c = 16.655(3) Å, V = 2685.4(9) Å 3 , Z = 4, D c = 2.298 g/cm 3 , μ (Mo Kα ) = 4.428 mm -1 , F (000) = 1852, the final R = 0.0412 and wR = 0.1010. The complex forms a three-dimensional (3D) framework structure.
Studies in mass spectrometry. XXIX. Hydrogen scrambling in some bicyclic aromatic systems. Randomization over two rings (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies in mass spectrometry. XXIX. Hydrogen scrambling in some bicyclic aromatic systems. Randomization over two ringsR. Graham Cooks, Ian Howe, S. W. Tam, and Dudley H. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 15, 4064–4069Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01017a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01017a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual Event Related Potentials after Methylphenidate and Sodium Valproate in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (1993)

We divided a group of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) boys into two groups determined by the results of EEG and visual ERP tests--those who had excessive EEG background slowing, EEG epileptiform activity or abnormally high amplitude ERP waves (the "E-ADD" group), and those with normal EEG and ERP (the "ADD" group). The subjects of each group were then given either a dose of methylphenidate (Ritalin, MPH), sodium valproate (Depakene, VPA) or placebo, and repeated visual ERPs one hour later. Following both medications there was a significant suppression of the amplitude of the N3, the "slow negative" wave of the ERP, in the E-ADD group but not in the ADD group. The effect of VPA and MPH in ADHD children may be related to the electrophysiological (EEG, ERP) background. Both medications may have a similar effect on arousal processes in ADHD.
Improving Gas-Liquid Mass Transfer in Bubble Columns by Applying Low-Frequency Vibrations (2002)

We show that application of low-frequency vibrations, in the 50–200 Hz range, to the liquid phase of an air-water bubble column causes significantly smaller bubbles to be generated at the distributor plate. For bubble column operation in the homogeneous flow regime, measurements of the volumetric mass transfer coefficient using the oxygen absorption technique show that the increase in the kLa values ranges from 50–100 % depending on the flow rate. It is concluded that application of low-frequency vibration has the potential of improving the performance of bubble columns.
Subtypes of Breast Cancer Show Preferential Site of Relapse (2008)

We explored whether the five previously reported molecular subtypes in breast cancer show a preference for organ-specific relapse and searched for molecular pathways involved. The "intrinsic" gene list describing the subtypes was used to classify 344 primary breast tumors of lymph node-negative patients. Fisher exact tests were used to determine the association between a tumor subtype and a particular site of distant relapse in these patients who only received local treatment. Modulated genes and pathways were identified in the various groups using Significance Analysis of Microarrays and Global Testing. Bone relapse patients were most abundant in the luminal subtypes but were found less than expected in the basal subtype. The reverse was true for lung and brain relapse patients with the remark that absence of lung relapse was luminal A specific. Finally, a pleura relapse, although rare, was found almost exclusively in both luminal subtypes. Many differentially expressed genes were identified, of which several were in common in a subtype and the site to which the subtype preferentially relapsed. WNT signaling was up-regulated in the basal subtype and in brain-specific relapse, and down-modulated in the luminal B subtype and in bone-specific relapse. Focal adhesion was found up-regulated in the luminal A subtype but down-regulated in lung relapse. The five major molecular subtypes in breast cancer are evidently different with regard to their ability to metastasize to distant organ(s), and share biological features and pathways with their preferred distant metastatic site.
Magnet has no attraction for hot iron (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMagnet has no attraction for hot ironScience Service Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1932, 9, 1, 54Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1932Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1932Published inissue 1 January 1932https://doi.org/10.1021/ed009p54RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (515 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optimal Detection Ordering for V-BLAST (2007)

In this paper, we propose an optimal metric for detection ordering in terms of symbol error rate (SER) in vertical Bell-lab Layered Space-Time (V-BLAST) systems. Motivated by the log-likelihood ratio based ordering scheme introduced in [1], a new ordering method is presented which can further enhance the V-BLAST performance. The proposed ordering based on the new metric minimizes the SER by exploiting the instantaneous noise and considering its correlation at the linear filter output. A simpler suboptimal ordering metric is also proposed which requires much less computational complexity than that of the optimal ordering metric. We further show that there exists a simplified version of the suboptimal ordering metric for BPSK and 4QAM which achieves a significant performance gain over the conventional ordering scheme with no additional complexity. Simulation results show that the optimal ordering scheme achieves a performance gain of 13 dB at a SER of 10 over conventional signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ordering schemes with four transmit and four receive antennas. The performance of the suboptimal ordering scheme is shown to be less than 2 dB away from that of the optimal ordering.
Phloem Loading of Sucrose (1983)

Tremendous progress has been made on molecular aspects of plant phosphorus (P) nutrition, often without heeding information provided by soil scientists, ecophysiologists, and crop physiologists. This review suggests ways to integrate information from ... Read More
Overview of a new slicing method: Fixed Abrasive Slicing Technique (FAST) (1982)

The fixed abrasive slicing technique (FAST) was developed to slice silicon ingots more effectively. It was demonstrated that 25 wafers/cm can be sliced from 10 cm diameter and 19 wafers/cm from 15 cm diameter ingots. This was achieved with a combination of machine development and wire-blade development programs. Correlation was established between cutting effectiveness and high surface speeds. A high speed slicer was designed and fabricated for FAST slicing. Wirepack life of slicing three 10 cm diameter ingots was established. Electroforming techniques were developed to control widths and prolong life of wire-blades. Economic analysis indicates that the projected add-on price of FAST slicing is compatible with the DOE price allocation to meet the 1986 cost goals.
Dihydropyridine, III. Synthese von 2‐Aminodihydropyridinen durch Michael‐Addition (1977)

Abstract Die Michael‐Addition der Amidinoessigsäureester 4 an Alkylidene‐ oder Aralkylidenacetessigsäureester 1 führt unter Ringschluß zu 2‐Amino‐1,4‐dihydropyridin‐3,5‐dicarbonsäure‐ester 10 . An α, β‐ungesättigte Ketoverbindungen 17 wird 4 zu den 1,4‐Dihydropyridin‐3‐carbonsäureestern 20 addiert. 3‐Amino‐3‐dialkylaminoacrylsäureester 25 liefern mit 1 unter analogen Bedingungen die 2‐Dialkylamino‐3,4‐dihydropyridine 27 . Die Aldehyde 21 , 1,3‐Cyclohexandion und 4 kondensieren zu den teilhydrierten 2‐Amino‐5‐oxochinolin‐3‐carbon‐säureestern 23 .