gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hazard Detection Software for Lunar Landing (2011)

The Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) Project is developing a system for safe and precise manned lunar landing that involves novel sensors, but also specific algorithms. ALHAT has selected imaging LIDAR (light detection and ranging) as the sensing modality for onboard hazard detection because imaging LIDARs can rapidly generate direct measurements of the lunar surface elevation from high altitude. Then, starting with the LIDAR-based Hazard Detection and Avoidance (HDA) algorithm developed for Mars Landing, JPL has developed a mature set of HDA software for the manned lunar landing problem. Landing hazards exist everywhere on the Moon, and many of the more desirable landing sites are near the most hazardous terrain, so HDA is needed to autonomously and safely land payloads over much of the lunar surface. The HDA requirements used in the ALHAT project are to detect hazards that are 0.3 m tall or higher and slopes that are 5 or greater. Steep slopes, rocks, cliffs, and gullies are all hazards for landing and, by computing the local slope and roughness in an elevation map, all of these hazards can be detected. The algorithm in this innovation is used to measure slope and roughness hazards. In addition to detecting these hazards, the HDA capability also is able to find a safe landing site free of these hazards for a lunar lander with diameter .15 m over most of the lunar surface. This software includes an implementation of the HDA algorithm, software for generating simulated lunar terrain maps for testing, hazard detection performance analysis tools, and associated documentation. The HDA software has been deployed to Langley Research Center and integrated into the POST II Monte Carlo simulation environment. The high-fidelity Monte Carlo simulations determine the required ground spacing between LIDAR samples (ground sample distances) and the noise on the LIDAR range measurement. This simulation has also been used to determine the effect of viewing on hazard detection performance. The software has also been deployed to Johnson Space Center and integrated into the ALHAT real-time Hardware-in-the-Loop testbed.
Antibodies to β<sub>1</sub>‐integrins cause alterations of aortic vasculogenesis, in vivo (1992)

Vasculogenesis is the de novo formation of blood vessels from mesoderm. This process occurs very early in development and provides a convenient system for studying morphogenesis in higher vertebrates. The cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions that occur during dorsal aortic vasculogenesis were examined using the monoclonal antibody, CSAT, a reagent known to neutralize the ligand-binding activity of avian beta 1-integrins. We injected CSAT into quail embryos during a period of active vasculogenesis (4-10 somites). The CSAT antibodies, but not controls, had a marked and reproducible effect on aortic vessel formation. Vasculogenesis appeared to be arrested at the stage when slender cord-like assemblies of angioblasts rearrange to form tubules. Indeed, aortic primordia near the site of CSAT injection did not form patent vessels.
Exposing the Locality of Heterogeneous Memory Architectures to HPC Applications (2016)

High-performance computing requires a deep knowledge of the hardware platform to fully exploit its computing power. The performance of data transfer between cores and memory is becoming critical. Therefore locality is a major area of optimization on the road to exascale. Indeed, tasks and data have to be carefully distributed on the computing and memory resources.
Molecular modelling and design of analogues of the peptide hormone urotensin II (1990)

Conference Article| October 01 1990 Molecular modelling and design of analogues of the peptide hormone urotensin II TIMOTHY D. J. PERKINS; TIMOTHY D. J. PERKINS 1Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar SUKHVINDER BANSAL; SUKHVINDER BANSAL 1Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DAVID J. BARLOW DAVID J. BARLOW 1Department of Pharmacy, King's College London, Manresa Road, London SW3 6LX, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1990) 18 (5): 918–919. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180918 Article history Received: March 07 1990 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation TIMOTHY D. J. PERKINS, SUKHVINDER BANSAL, DAVID J. BARLOW; Molecular modelling and design of analogues of the peptide hormone urotensin II. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1990; 18 (5): 918–919. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0180918 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: UII, urotensin II, UC, the disulphide-linked six residue fragment of UII This content is only available as a PDF. © 1990 Biochemical Society1990 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Insulin Receptor: 3D Reconstruction from Darkfield Stem Images, Structural Interpretation and Functional Model (1999)

Abstract We have reconstructed the three-dimensional quaternary structure of the complete 480 kDa insulin receptor (IR), complexed with NanoGold-labelled insulin, via sets of electron micrographs obtained by low-dose low-temperature dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Insulin binding to IR in mammalian cell membranes is essential for its manifold effects such as glucose homeostasis, increased protein synthesis, growth, and development. IR belongs to the superfamily of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases that include the monomeric epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR). In contrast, IR and its homologues IGF-1R (insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor) and IRR (insulin receptorrelated receptor) are sub-types of this family that are intrinsic disulfide-linked dimers of two αβ heterodimers. Monomeric receptor TKs are inactive, but are activated by ligand-induced dimerization that results in autophosphorylation. IR-like TKs are also inactive even though they are already dimeric, and are activated by ligand binding without further oligomerization. Insulin binding to the extracellular domain of IR results in autophosphorylation of specific tyrosines to initiate an intracellular signal transduction cascade. However, because the quaternary structure of IR is not known, the structural basis for the mechanism of IR activation by extracellular insulin binding has not been elucidated. The insulin receptor was purified from human placenta. Bovine insulin was derivatized with NanoGold at the B chain Phel, a location not directly involved in receptor binding. Binding of derivatized insulin to the purified receptor was reduced only slightly compared to binding of the native insulin.
Intersubunit Interactions Modulate pH-Induced Activation of Membrane Fusion by the Junin Virus Envelope Glycoprotein GPC (2009)

The mature arenavirus envelope glycoprotein GPC is a tripartite complex comprising a stable signal peptide (SSP) in addition to the receptor-binding (G1) and transmembrane fusion (G2) subunits. We have shown previously that SSP is a key element in GPC-mediated membrane fusion, and that GPC sensitivity to acidic pH is modulated in part through the lysine residue at position 33 in the ectodomain loop of SSP (J. York and J. H. Nunberg, J. Virol. 80:7775-7780, 2006). A glutamine substitution at this position stabilizes the native GPC complex and thereby prevents the induction of pH-dependent membrane fusion. In efforts to identify the intersubunit interactions of K33, we performed alanine-scanning mutagenesis at charged residues in the membrane-proximal ectodomain of G2 and determined the ability of these mutations to rescue the fusion deficiency in K33Q GPC. Four second-site mutations that specifically complement K33Q were identified (D400A, E410A, R414A, and K417A). Moreover, complementation was also observed at three hydrophobic positions in the membrane-spanning domain of G2 (F427, W428, and F438). Interestingly, all of the complementing mutations restored wild-type pH sensitivity to the K33Q mutant, while none themselves affected the pH of membrane fusion. Our studies demonstrate a specific interaction between SSP and G2 that is involved in priming the native GPC complex for pH-induced membrane fusion. Importantly, this pH-dependent interaction has been shown to be vulnerable to small-molecule compounds that stabilize the native complex and prevent the activation of membrane fusion. A detailed mechanistic understanding of the control of GPC-mediated membrane fusion will be important in guiding the development of effective therapeutics against arenaviral hemorrhagic fever.
Installation of a Submerged Buoy for Supporting Risers (BSR) System in Campos Basin Site (2011)

The BSR (Buoy for Supporting Risers) concept is composed by a submerged buoy anchored to the sea bottom by tethers and intended to support risers coming from the bottom (probably SCRs — Steel Catenary Risers) and going to the floating platform (probably with flexible jumpers). For the case under analysis here, the main dimensions of the BSR prototype are 27.2 m length × 27.2 m width × 5.0 m depth. The paper describes all final full scale installation step so that the BSR may be considered a suitable technology. The installation indeed was the great challenge of this design due the size of the hull. The present work also evaluates numerically and experimentally a specific new manner to install the BSR with the support of auxiliary mooring lines among with the four tethers connected to it. One of the installation premises was to make use of Anchor Handling Supply Vessels instead of Crane Vessels. After this numerical analysis, the work went on by performing model tests that simulates the operation in a deep water model basin using 1:40 scale. The model test anticipated several problems such as the chain stopper weakness in the operation and others as discussed in this paper. As a conclusion the work was devised the most important parameters during the system installation and suggested ways to improve the methodology. In November 2009 the BSR was installed in 500 m of water depth at Congro field location, Campos Basin, offshore Brazil. The tethers were adjusted in January 2010 and in March 2010 two risers were installed. Thenceforward the last edge of this knowledge was considered over passed.
Exact Critical Values for Bartlett's Test for Homogeneity of Variances (1976)

Abstract Consider n normal populations. Random samples of equal size m are taken from each population. It is desired to use the Bartlett procedure to test at level α the hypothesis of equal variances. A method is presented to provide exact critical values of the Bartlett test statistic. Computed exact critical values are tabulated for various (n, d, α), where d = m - 1 denotes the common number of degrees of freedom.
Human Intestinal Morphogenesis Controlled by Transepithelial Morphogen Gradient and Flow-Dependent Physical Cues in a Microengineered Gut-on-a-Chip (2019)

We leveraged a human gut-on-a-chip (Gut Chip) microdevice that enables independent control of fluid flow and mechanical deformations to explore how physical cues and morphogen gradients influence intestinal morphogenesis. Both human intestinal Caco-2 and intestinal organoid-derived primary epithelial cells formed three-dimensional (3D) villi-like microarchitecture when exposed to apical and basal fluid flow; however, 3D morphogenesis did not occur and preformed villi-like structure involuted when basal flow was ceased. When cells were cultured in static Transwells, similar morphogenesis could be induced by removing or diluting the basal medium. Computational simulations and experimental studies revealed that the establishment of a transepithelial gradient of the Wnt antagonist Dickkopf-1 and flow-induced regulation of the Frizzled-9 receptor mediate the histogenesis. Computational simulations also predicted spatial growth patterns of 3D epithelial morphology observed experimentally in the Gut Chip. A microengineered Gut Chip may be useful for studies analyzing stem cell biology and tissue development.
Delivery of micronized budesonide suspension by metered dose inhaler and jet nebulizer into a neonatal ventilator circuit (1992)

We compared the delivery of a micronized suspension of budesonide by a metered dose inhaler (MDI) with two different spacers (Aerochamber and Aerovent) and by two jet nebulizers (MAD2 and Ultravent) to a ventilated neonatal test-lung using a standard neonatal ventilator circuit. The combination of MDI and Aerochamber was significantly better at delivering budesonide to a filter in front of the test lung (14.2% of aerosolized dose) than were either the MDI and Aerovent (3.6%) or the Ultravent or MAD2 jet nebulizers (0.02% and 0.68% of initial reservoir dose). Of the droplets emerging from the MDI, Aerochamber, and ET tube, 18% of the initial dose was in droplets less than 4.7 microns. Assuming that the test-lung model accurately reflects in vivo deposition, the combination of MDI and Aerochamber appears to be an extremely effective way of delivering budesonide aerosol to ventilated newborn infants.
Constrained multipoint aerodynamic shape optimization using an adjoint formulation and parallel computers (1997)

An aerodynamic shape optimization method that treats the design of complex aircraft configurations subject to high fidelity computational fluid dynamics (CFD), geometric constraints and multiple design points is described. The design process will be greatly accelerated through the use of both control theory and distributed memory computer architectures. Control theory is employed to derive the adjoint differential equations whose solution allows for the evaluation of design gradient information at a fraction of the computational cost required by previous design methods. The resulting problem is implemented on parallel distributed memory architectures using a domain decomposition approach, an optimized communication schedule, and the MPI (Message Passing Interface) standard for portability and efficiency. The final result achieves very rapid aerodynamic design based on a higher order CFD method. In order to facilitate the integration of these high fidelity CFD approaches into future multi-disciplinary optimization (NW) applications, new methods must be developed which are capable of simultaneously addressing complex geometries, multiple objective functions, and geometric design constraints. In our earlier studies, we coupled the adjoint based design formulations with unconstrained optimization algorithms and showed that the approach was effective for the aerodynamic design of airfoils, wings, wing-bodies, and complex aircraft configurations. In many of the results presented in these earlier works, geometric constraints were satisfied either by a projection into feasible space or by posing the design space parameterization such that it automatically satisfied constraints. Furthermore, with the exception of reference 9 where the second author initially explored the use of multipoint design in conjunction with adjoint formulations, our earlier works have focused on single point design efforts. Here we demonstrate that the same methodology may be extended to treat complete configuration designs subject to multiple design points and geometric constraints. Examples are presented for both transonic and supersonic configurations ranging from wing alone designs to complex configuration designs involving wing, fuselage, nacelles and pylons.
Masked deposition techniques for achieving multilayer period variations required for short-wavelength (68-Å) soft-x-ray imaging optics (1993)

Practical issues in the development of multilayer coatings for reflective imaging systems operating at λ ≈ 68 Å are discussed. The 1% bandpass of Ru/B(4) C multilayers at this short wavelength imposes stringent tolerances with which the actual multilayer period variation across the curved surfaces must match the ideal period variation for a 20× demagnifying Schwarzschild objective. New deposition techniques that use masks to correct the period variation across the curved surfaces of each optic have been developed to ensure reflectance over the entire clear aperture. The narrow bandpass together with steep lateralperiod gradients and steeply curved surfaces requires improved metrology for an acceptable period variation to be obtained and the overlap of the reflectance peaks on the two mirrors to be verified.
The structures of the nellionols. Synthesis of model abieta-8,11,13-trien-7-ones. Synthesis of 5-dehydronellionol trimethyl ether (1984)

Les structures des nellionols prepares correspondent a celles de produits oxygenes aux positions 11 et 12 plutot qu'aux positions 11 et 14
ECG Data Compression Using Fourier Descriptors (1986)

The method of Fourier descriptors (FD's) is presented for ECG data compression. The two-lead ECG data are segmented into QRS complexes and S-Q intervals, expressed as a complex sequence, and are Fourier transformed to obtain the FD's. A few lower order descriptors symmetrically situated with respect to the dc coefficient represent the data in the Fourier (compressed) domain. While compression ratios of 10:1 are feasible for the S-Q interval, the clinical information requirements limit this ratio to 3:1 for the QRS complex. With an overall compression ratio greater than 7, the quality of the reconstructed signal is well suited for morphological studies. The method is resistant to noisy signals and is simple, requiring implementation of forward and inverse FFT. The results of compression of ECG data obtained from more than 50 subjects with rhythm and morphological abnormalities are presented.
XML in Plain English (1998)

From the Publisher:
XML in Plain English: If you know what you want to do but can't remember how to do it, just browse through this thumbnail list of tasks. XML A to Z: If you don't know where to look for a production in the book, check this index. XML Syntax: If you know the production's name but don't know how to use it, you'll find its complete syntax and attributes, examples, usage notes, and related productions in this section. Cascading Style Sheets and DSSSL-O: For a complete reference of cascading style sheets and DSSSL-O, complete with syntax, examples, usage notes, and related styles, go straight to these bonus chapters.
Wavefront-division lateral shearing autocorrelator for ultrafast laser microscopy (2004)

Nonlinear optical microscopy is a new and rapidly growing technique within which ultrafast laser technology finds a wide range of applications. Pulse widening, due to the microscope optics, is an issue of major concern for nonlinear excitation efficiency. We herewith describe a novel, simple and inexpensive autocorrelation technique to characterize the laser temporal behavior at the microscope focal plane. The method is based on a wavefront-division lateral shearing interferometer which is inserted into the microscope optical path like an ordinary filter, while a spatially uniform fluorescent specimen is observed. The two-photon excited fluorescent image provides the second-order autocorrelation curve.
Deep-level defects and <i>n</i>-type-carrier concentration in nitrogen implanted GaN (1996)

We analyzed the intrinsic defects and the n-type-carrier concentration generated by nitrogen ion implantation in n-type GaN by deep-level-transient spectroscopy and by capacitance–voltage measurements, respectively. The samples were grown on sapphire by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. Nitrogen implantation with different ion doses and postimplantation rapid-thermal annealing (RTA) were investigated. We observed a growing n-type-carrier concentration and increasing defect concentration with increasing nitrogen ion implantation doses. After RTA the concentration of free carriers and deep levels as found in the as-grown state are restored. We also address contrarily seeming results from measurements of sheet resistance after N implantation published recently.
Properties of an immortalised vascular endothelial/glioma cell co-culture model of the blood-brain barrier (1996)

In an effort to obtain a useful in vitro model possessing some of the properties of the blood-brain barrier, we have investigated the properties and interactions of immortalized cell lines. Immortalised human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC-304), in co-culture with rat C6 glioma cells in a two-chambered assembly, form tight junctional complexes, and develop a permeability barrier having a high transcellular electrical resistance. The endothelial cells generate a barrier with greatest integrity in the presence of glioma cells, or in the presence of glioma cell conditioned medium. Under these conditions, the endothelial cells also display pronounced structural changes which do not occur in the absence of glioma cells. Morphological alterations include a flattening of cell shape from a cuboidal-type to a squamous-type of appearance, and a re-organization of F-actin microfilaments. The integrity of the barrier can be reversibly disrupted by osmotic shock or by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). We interpret these observations to indicate that co-cultures of immortalized vascular endothelial and C6 glioma cells provide a model for the investigation of cell-cell interactions required for the generation of a barrier having several properties of the blood-brain barrier.
Changing Concepts of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: Implications for Infant Sleeping Environment and Sleep Position (2000)

The American Academy of Pediatrics has recommended since 1992 that infants be placed to sleep on their backs to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Since that time, the frequency of prone sleeping has decreased from >70% to approximately 20% of US infants, and the SIDS rate has decreased by >40%. However, SIDS remains the highest cause of infant death beyond the neonatal period, and there are still several potentially modifiable risk factors. Although some of these factors have been known for many years (eg, maternal smoking), the importance of other hazards, such as soft bedding and covered airways, has been demonstrated only recently. The present statement is intended to review the evidence about prone sleeping and other risk factors and to make recommendations about strategies that may be effective for further reducing the risk of SIDS. This statement is intended to consolidate and supplant previous statements made by this Task Force.