gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphorolysis of Aminoacyl‐tRNA by Polynucleotide Phosphorylase from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1970)

Valyl‐transfer ribonucleic acid was degraded by polynucleotide phosphorylase from Escherichia coli in the presence of phosphate or arsenate. A compound that was identified as 2′(3′)‐ O ‐valyladenosine 5′‐pyrophosphate was isolated from the phosphorolytic digest of valyl‐tRNA while 2′(3′)‐ O ‐valyladenosine 5′‐monophosphate was isolated from the arsenolytic digest. It was concluded that valyl‐tRNA can be phosphorolyzed by polynucleotide phosphorylase. The rate of phosphorolysis of aminoacylated tRNA was lower than that of uncharged tRNA. N‐blocked derivatives of valyl‐tRNA and phenylalanyl‐tRNA were also phosphorolyzed by polynucleotide phosphorylase. Some possible uses of nucleoside diphosphates substituted in their sugar moiety are suggested.
Grain Sink Size and Predisposition of<i>Zea mays</i>to Stalk Rot (1980)

DODD, J. L. 1980. Grain sink size and predisposition of Zea mays to stalk rot. Phytopathology 70:534-535. Corn (Zea mays) plants with rotted stalks had more kernels than populations in one location. Relationship of data to effects of rate of genetically identical neighboring plants with healthy stalks. This was carbohydrate translocation to grain and roots, including the photosynthetic observed in comparisons of adjacent rotted and healthy plants of 30 hybrids stress-translocation balance concept of predisposition of corn to stalk rots at many USA locations and in another study of seven hybrids in two plant is discussed. Additional key word: root rot. A photosynthetic stress-translocation balance (PS-TB) concept rot in the 20-cm (in-row plant spacing) plot and therefore could not of predisposition of corn to stalk rot was proposed in 1977 (2), and be compared at that plant density. for sorghum to stalk rot in 1978 (3). Development of this concept In a second experiment at five Illinois and Indiana locations, was an attempt to explain host, pathogen, and environmental observations were made of individual pairs of plants consisting of a interactions observed in the corn and sorghum stalk rots. rotted plant and an adjacent healthy plant. Each location was a Supportive evidence from the literature (2) included studies demonstration plot of adapted commercial corn hybrids on good showing: that environmental stresses reduce photosynthetic soil managed with typical, good cultural methods. Sixty-five capabilities of host plants; that stalk rot-susceptible plants have less comparisons of 30 single-cross hybrids (six seed companies reducing sugar and sucrose in the lower stalk than do the same represented) were studied. In each pair, plants with apparently tissues of resistant plants; that pith cell senescence occurs more normal, fully pollinated ears were chosen and the kernels on each rapidly in susceptible plants, that root rots precede stalk rots, and plant were counted. Student's t-test was used to analyze the data for that the Gibberella, Fusarium, and Diplodia spp. associated with pairs of plants. corn stalk rots are weak pathogens. Further support of the concept included: data showing a negative RESULTS
Dynamic Fly Performance of Air Bearing Sliders on Patterned Media (2010)

It is anticipated that a radical shift in design paradigm will be required in order to enable perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) areal densities beyond 1 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The shift in question will involve the use of advanced magnetic recording assist technologies such as patterned media, heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), or microwave-assisted magnetic recording (MAMR). This paper is concerned with one of the challenges associated with the practical implementation of patterned media technology, namely, the impact of non-planarity, and shifts in pattern orientation (at data-servo transitions, in particular) on the dynamic fly performance of air bearing sliders. The nature of the latter challenge becomes apparent when considering that key to realizing recording areal densities exceeding 1 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> will be air bearing sliders with superior dynamic fly stability at sub-2 nm clearances. Of the two types of patterned media technologies in development in the disk drive industry, namely, discrete track media (DTM) and bit patterned media (BPM), the former was chosen as a case study in this work.
Flexible macroporous carbon nanofiber film with high oil adsorption capacity (2013)

A sublimation method using terephthalic acid (PTA) as the sublimating agent was developed to generate macropores inside electrospun carbon nanofibers. During carbonization of electrospun PTA–polyacrylonitrile composite nanofibers, PTA sublimed and macropores were created within the carbon nanofiber, resulting in flexible and self-sustained carbon film. The carbon nanofiber film showed excellent oil adsorption property with maximum capacities of 62.6, 73.8, 64.0, 94.0 and 138.4 g g−1 for ethanol, pump oil, mineral oil, corn oil and silicone oil. The film exhibited excellent recyclability by rinsing with suitable organic solvent, and promising ability in cleaning up oil spills, as well as fast and efficient separation of oil in oil–water mixtures.
Transmission Fitness of Drug‐Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus and the Prevalence of Resistance in the Antiretroviral‐Treated Population (2003)

Although the prevalence of drug-resistant strains in primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in North America has recently increased, their transmission fitness remains unknown. The present study estimated the frequency of transmission of drug-resistant HIV from patients receiving antiretroviral therapy using retrospective surveys of clinic data. It revealed that resistant virus was transmitted only approximately 20% as frequently as expected from these patients. Individuals with primary resistance may become a significant source of resistant strains.
Superacidity of modified γ-Al2O3. Structure of active site and catalytic activity (1980)

Physico-chemical and catalytic properties of alumina exposed to P2O5, AlCl3, CH3AlCl2, PCl3, PCl5 and H2PO3F vapours have been studied. Catalysts obtained by treatment with P2O5, AlCl3 and CH3AlCl2 vapours are marked by very high acidity and catalytic activity which classify them among the solid superacids. From an i.r.investigation of ammonia adsorption coupled with e.s.r. measurements of perylene adsorption it has been demonstrated that solid superacids exhibit Lewis-type acid behaviour.The structure of the superacid site and the mechanism of hydrocarbon activation are proposed.
Genetic Characterization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Type 1 Pilus Adhesin Mutants and Identification of a Novel Binding Phenotype (2000)

Five Escherichia coli type 1 pilus mutants that had point mutations in fimH, the gene encoding the type 1 pilus adhesin FimH, were characterized. FimH is a minor component of type 1 pili that is required for the pili to bind and agglutinate guinea pig erythrocytes in a mannose-inhibitable manner. Point mutations were located by DNA sequencing and deletion mapping. All mutations mapped within the signal sequence or in the first 28% of the predicted mature protein. All mutations were missense mutations except for one, a frameshift lesion that was predicted to cause the loss of approximately 60% of the mature FimH protein. Bacterial agglutination tests with polyclonal antiserum raised to a LacZ-FimH fusion protein failed to confirm that parental amounts of FimH cross-reacting material were expressed in four of the five mutants. The remaining mutant, a temperature-sensitive (ts) fimH mutant that agglutinated guinea pig erythrocytes after growth at 31 degrees C but not at 42 degrees C, reacted with antiserum at both temperatures in a manner similar to the parent. Consequently, this mutant was chosen for further study. Temperature shift experiments revealed that new FimH biosynthesis was required for the phenotypic change. Guinea pig erythrocyte and mouse macrophage binding experiments using the ts mutant grown at the restrictive and permissive temperatures revealed that whereas erythrocyte binding was reduced to a level comparable to that of a fimH insertion mutant at the restrictive temperature, mouse peritoneal macrophages were bound with parental efficiency at both the permissive and restrictive temperatures. Also, macrophage binding by the ts mutant was insensitive to mannose inhibition after growth at 42 degrees C but sensitive after growth at 31 degrees C. The ts mutant thus binds macrophages with one receptor specificity at 31 degrees C and another at 42 degrees C.
Surf-Riding by Atlantic Bottle-Nosed Dolphins (1959)

Surf-Riding by Atlantic Bottle-Nosed Dolphins David K. Caldwell, David K. Caldwell Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Hugh M. Fields Hugh M. Fields Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 40, Issue 3, 20 August 1959, Pages 454–455, https://doi.org/10.2307/1376591 Published: 20 August 1959
Four Discussions from the March-April 2005 ACI Structural Journal (2006)

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Structural phase changes in barium bromide nano-crystals in a fluorobromozirconate glass-ceramic x-ray storage phosphor (2001)

The structural changes in a fluorobromozirconate glass ceramic containing a ratio of 5% bromine to fluorine ions, following thermal annealing in the range 240-300 °C, are reported. The changes were monitored through x-ray diffraction, and the photoluminescence (PL) and electron paramagnetic resonance of Eu2+ dopant ions. In the range of 240-275 °C, the barium and bromine ions in the glass precipitate to form the metastable hexagonal phase of barium bromide. The Eu2+ PL spectrum comprises a narrow band at 410 nm, and a weaker broad band centred at 485 nm. The 410 nm band is assigned to two unresolved 4f65d1→4f7 emissions from Eu2+ ions at the two Ba2+ sites in this phase, whilst the 485 nm band is assigned to an impurity associated site or cluster. On annealing at 290 °C, the hexagonal phase transforms to the stable orthorhombic phase, and the PL spectrum comprises a single narrow band centred at 404 nm, assigned to a 4f65d1→4f7 emission from Eu2+ ions at the single Ba2+ site in the orthorhombic phase.
Hydrogel design for supporting neurite outgrowth and promoting gene delivery to maximize neurite extension (2011)

Hydrogels capable of gene delivery provide a combinatorial approach for nerve regeneration, with the hydrogel supporting neurite outgrowth and gene delivery inducing the expression of inductive factors. This report investigates the design of hydrogels that balance the requirements for supporting neurite growth with those requirements for promoting gene delivery. Enzymatically-degradable PEG hydrogels encapsulating dorsal root ganglia explants, fibroblasts, and lipoplexes encoding nerve growth factor were gelled within channels that can physically guide neurite outgrowth. Transfection of fibroblasts increased with increasing concentration of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) cell adhesion sites and decreasing PEG content. The neurite length increased with increasing RGD concentration within 10% PEG hydrogels, yet was maximal within 7.5% PEG hydrogels at intermediate RGD levels. Delivering lipoplexes within the gel produced longer neurites than culture in NGF-supplemented media or co-culture with cells exposed to DNA prior to encapsulation. Hydrogels designed to support neurite outgrowth and deliver gene therapy vectors locally may ultimately be employed to address multiple barriers that limit regeneration.
The battle against <scp>SARS</scp> and <scp>MERS</scp> coronaviruses: Reservoirs and Animal Models (2018)

In humans, infection with the coronavirus, especially the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), induces acute respiratory failure, resulting in high mortality. Irregular coronavirus related epidemics indicate that the evolutionary origins of these two pathogens need to be identified urgently and there are still questions related to suitable laboratory animal models. Thus, in this review we aim to highlight key discoveries concerning the animal origin of the virus and summarize and compare current animal models.
A backprojection-filtration algorithm for nonstandard spiral cone-beam CT with an<i>n</i>-PI-window (2005)

For applications in bolus-chasing computed tomography (CT) angiography and electron-beam micro-CT, the backprojection-filtration (BPF) formula developed by Zou and Pan was recently generalized by Ye et al to reconstruct images from cone-beam data collected along a rather flexible scanning locus, including a nonstandard spiral. A major implication of the generalized BPF formula is that it can be applied for n-PI-window-based reconstruction in the nonstandard spiral scanning case. In this paper, we design an n-PI-window-based BPF algorithm, and report the numerical simulation results with the 3D Shepp-Logan phantom and Defrise disk phantom. The proposed BPF algorithm consists of three steps: cone-beam data differentiation, weighted backprojection and inverse Hilbert filtration. Our simulated results demonstrate the feasibility and merits of the proposed algorithm.
Prolongation of Antidiuretic Response to Desmopressin Acetate by Iontophoretic Transdermal Delivery in Rats. (1997)

An iontophoretic drug delivery system was compared with intranasal, oral and subcutaneous delivery from a standpoint of the prolongation of the antidiuretic response to desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) in diabetes insipidus rats. Iontophoretic delivery was comparable to the nasal route at a dose about five times higher than the nasal route dose, and was 2 to 3 times as effective as the oral route. Effect of dose and duration of current application on the prolongation of the response to DDAVP was also investigated in order to find the effectiveness of the iontophoresis. The antidiuretic response to DDAVP delivered by iontophoresis indicated a dose-dependent prolongation and was prolonged up to about 14 h with the increase of the duration of current application; when a pulsed direct current at 0.1 mA was passed for about 1 h, the response to DDAVP was prolonged for about 9 h. DDAVP in the anodic donor steeply decreased with the application for 1 h, and then gradually decreased. We suggest that the antidiuretic response to DDAVP can be effectively controlled by regulating the absorption of DDAVP at the short-term iontophoresis rather than prolonged treatment.
2-Pyridylimidazoles as inhibitors of xanthine oxidase (1977)

A series of 28 4-substituted and 4,5-disubstituted 2-pyridylimidazoles was synthesized and evaluated in vitro for inhibition of xanthine oxidase. Included within this group are examples of 2-pyridylimidazopyridines and halo-substituted 2-pyridylbenzimidazoles. Five compounds exhibited inhibitory activity in the same range as the standards, 4-hydroxypyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine and 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-trifluoromethylimidazole (22). Two examples, 2-(4-pyridyl)-4,5-dicyanoimidazole (16) and 2-(4-pyridyl)-4-nitroimidazole (3), were at least an order of magnitude more active than the standards and therefore rank among the most potent known inhibitors of the enzyme.
Coming Up With Good Excuses: What to do When no Plan Can be Found (2010)

When using a planner-based agent architecture, many things can go wrong. First and foremost, an agent might fail to execute one of the planned actions for some reasons. Even more annoying, however, is a situation where the agent is incompetent, i.e., unable to come up with a plan. This might be due to the fact that there are principal reasons that prohibit a successful plan or simply because the task's description is incomplete or incorrect. In either case, an explanation for such a failure would be very helpful. We will address this problem and provide a formalization of coming up with excuses for not being able to find a plan. Based on that, we will present an algorithm that is able to find excuses and demonstrate that such excuses can be found in practical settings in reasonable time.
Distortion compensation for time-interleaved analog to digital converters (1996)

A common technique to achieve high sample rates for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) is to time interleave two or more devices. A drawback of this approach is that mismatches between the devices cause distortion in the sample sequence. This distortion limits the dynamic range which may be achieved using a particular ADC. Although phase-plane compensation techniques exist to improve the dynamic range of ADCs, these techniques are ineffective for time-interleaved structures. This paper extends the existing phase-plane modeling techniques to time-interleaved architectures. The modified algorithms are tested using a 500 MSPS ADC and are shown to reduce harmonic and intermodulation distortion terms by well over 10 dB.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Novel Human Diacylglycerol Kinase ζ (1996)

Diacylglycerol (DAG) occupies a central position in the synthesis of complex lipids and also has important signaling roles. For example, DAG is an allosteric regulator of protein kinase C, and the cellular levels of DAG may influence a variety of processes including growth and differentiation. We previously demonstrated that human endothelial cells derived from umbilical vein express growth-dependent changes in their basal levels of diacylglycerol and diacylglycerol kinase activity (Whatley, R. E., Stroud, E. D., Bunting, M., Zimmerman, G. A., McIntyre, T. M., and Prescott, S. M. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 16130-16138). To further explore the role of diacylglycerol metabolism in endothelial responses, we used a degenerate reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method to identify diacylglycerol kinase isozymes expressed by human endothelial cells. We report the isolation of a 3.5-kilobase cDNA encoding a novel diacylglycerol kinase (hDGKzeta) with a predicted molecular mass of 103.9 kDa. Human DGK zeta contains two zinc fingers, an ATP binding site, and four ankyrin repeats near the carboxyl terminus. A unique feature, as compared with other diacylglycerol kinases, is the presence of a sequence homologous to the MARCKS phosphorylation site domain. From Northern blot analysis of multiple tissues, we observed that hDGKzeta mRNA is expressed at highest levels in brain. COS-7 cells transfected with the hDGKzeta cDNA express 117-kDa and 114-kDa proteins that react specifically with an antibody to a peptide derived from a unique sequence in hDGK zeta. The transfected cells also express increased diacylglycerol kinase activity, which is not altered in the presence of R59949, an inhibitor of human platelet DGK activity. The hDGKzeta displays stereoselectivity for 1,2-diacylglycerol species in comparison to 1,3-diacylglycerol, but does not exhibit any specificity for molecular species of long chain diacylglycerols.
Enzymatic cyclization of squalene and oxidosqualene to sterols and triterpenes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnzymatic cyclization of squalene and oxidosqualene to sterols and triterpenesIkuro. Abe, Michel. Rohmer, and Glenn D. PrestwichCite this: Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 6, 2189–2206Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00022a009https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00022a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2803Altmetric-Citations574LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surrogate Markers of Tumoral Angiogenesis (2000)

Serum VCAM-1 is a surrogate marker of angiogenesis in breast cancer and its measurement may help in the assessment of antiangiogenic drugs currently in phase II trials.
The morphological development of the dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra (2005)

TH positive (TH+) neurons in the developing rat midbrain was first noticed in the ventral midbrain on E13 and reached the climax in number and density on E16. The number of TH+ neurons then decreased with development. By P14, the distribution and density of the TH+ neurons resembled that of the DA neurons in the adult. During the embryonic period, most of th eneurons were round or ovoid in shape, with their processes becoming longer in length and denser in branches. After birth, the TH+ neurons gradually acquired all of the morphological features of their mature partners. The genesis and development of the DA neurons in the substantia nigra of rat proceed in the perinatal period. A big number of DA neurons are first generated. Then the number of these cells begins to decrease, while the morphological features are maturing gradually. The distribution and morphological changes of the DA neurons will be completed on P14.
The Research Progress of Histamine Binding Protein of Tick (2012)

There were many biological functions of molecular substances in ticks,the histamine binding protein(HBP) was one of them.The research progress about biological characteristics and distribution in ticks of HBP were summarized,and providing references for comprehensive and in depth understanding of HBP.
Chronic meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus: An unusual etiology (2014)

Chronic aseptic meningitis is a rare manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Apart from immunological causes and drugs, the aseptic meningitis group can include some unidentified viral infections that cannot be detected by routine microbiological testing. It is imperative to do complete cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) workup before implicating the symptoms to disease activity or drugs, as untreated infections cause significant mortality in SLE. We present a case of young female with SLE who presented with chronic meningitis of an uncommon etiology.
Efficient method for early detection of all-zeroDCT coefficients (2001)

Based on the existing method, a more efficient algorithm for detecting all-zero DCT coefficient blocks before implementation of the discrete cosine transform and quantisation in very low bit rate video coding is proposed. The problem of the existing method is shown and an improved algorithm is provided. Simulation shows that the new method improves the detecting performance by ~10–20%.
Electronics for Diagnostic Ultrasound (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ultrasound Imaging Principles The Ultrasound System Transducers Transmit Electronics Receive Electronics Beam-Forming Electronics Miniaturization Summary Acknowledgments References