gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Adaptive Access Control Model Based on Feedback Loop (2013)

Users can utilize powerful computing resources in cloud computing, which brings users great convenience. However, cloud computing is also facing many challenges for data security as the users outsource their sensitive data to clouds, which are generally beyond the same trusted domain as data owners. To address this problem, access control, which grants access permissions to an authorized user, is considered as one of critical security mechanisms for data protection in cloud computing environment. However, due to the unpredictability of user identities and access behavior, access control in cloud computing has become a key security problem. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive access control model based on feedback loop. The feedback loop includes monitor, analyze, plan, execute parts and knowledge base, and the knowledge base is used to make decisions on access requests. We also propose an algorithm of access attributes' relation degree for knowledge base. The self-adaptive access control model based on feedback loop we proposed can be applied to cloud computing environment.
Engineered Iron-Oxide-Based Nanoparticles as Enhanced <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> Contrast Agents for Efficient Tumor Imaging (2013)

We report the design and synthesis of small-sized zwitterion-coated gadolinium-embedded iron oxide (GdIO) nanoparticles, which exhibit a strong T1 contrast effect for tumor imaging through enhanced permeation and retention effect and the ability to clear out of the body in living subjects. The combination of spin-canting effects and the collection of gadolinium species within small-sized GdIO nanoparticles led to a significantly enhanced T1 contrast effect. For example, GdIO nanoparticles with a diameter of ∼4.8 nm exhibited a high r1 relaxivity of 7.85 mM(-1)·S(-1) and a low r2/r1 ratio of 5.24. After being coated with zwitterionic dopamine sulfonate molecules, the 4.8 nm GdIO nanoparticles showed a steady hydrodynamic diameter (∼5.2 nm) in both PBS buffer and fetal bovine serum solution, indicating a low nonspecific protein absorption. This study provides a valuable strategy for the design of highly sensitive iron-oxide-based T1 contrast agents with relatively long circulation half-lives (∼50 min), efficient tumor passive targeting (SKOV3, human ovarian cancer xenograft tumor as a model), and the possibility of rapid renal clearance after tumor imaging.
Immobilized fluorophores in dynamic chemiluminescence detection of hydrogen peroxide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmobilized fluorophores in dynamic chemiluminescence detection of hydrogen peroxideGerald. Gubitz, Piet. Van Zoonen, Cees. Gooijer, Nel H. Velthorst, and Roland W. FreiCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 11, 2071–2074Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00288a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00288a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views203Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plasma Synthesis of a Novel CF<sub>3</sub>-Dominated Fluorocarbon Film (1996)

Synthesis of a novel new fluorocarbon film is reported. This film is obtained by plasma polymerization of a trimer mixture of substituted perfluorohexenses (C9F18). Use of low duty cycle pulsed or lower energy continuous-wave plasmas provides films in which −CF3 groups are the dominant functional group present. These −CF3 rich films are exceptionally hydrophobic as revealed by water angle measurements.
Hydrodynamic Confinement of Thermonuclear Plasmas Trisops VIII (Plasma Liner Confinement) (1986)

Experiments on fusion reactions produced by adiabatic compression of plasma vortex structures are discussed. The TRISOPS machine at the University of Miami has been modified by improving the preionization of the plasma and increasing the ring frequency of the conical theta-pinch coils. The results obtained with a series of experiments leading up to the latest machine, TRISOPS VIII, are reviewed. It has been possible, with this modified machine, to obtain ion temperatures of 1 keV before secondary magnetic compression without any magnetic guide field. Ion temperatures of over 6 keV are obtained with secondary magnetic compression fields of 30000 G. The plasma pressure, in both instances, must be balanced by hydrodynamic forces. Ion temperatures and densities were measured by three different methods. All methods yield essentially the same results. The plasma was held in stable equilibrium for 30 µs and neutrons were produced for 40 µs.
Increased Mucosal Transmission but Not Enhanced Pathogenicity of the CCR5-Tropic, Simian AIDS-Inducing Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV <sub>SF162P3</sub> Maps to Envelope gp120 (2002)

Through rapid serial transfer in vivo, the chimeric CCR5-tropic simian/human immunodeficiency virus SHIV(SF162) evolved from a virus that is nonpathogenic and poorly transmissible across the vaginal mucosa to a variant that still maintains CCR5 usage but which is now pathogenic and establishes intravaginal infection efficiently. To determine whether envelope glycoprotein gp120 is responsible for increased pathogenesis and transmissibility of the variant SHIV(SF162P3), we cloned and sequenced the dominant envelope gene (encoding P3 gp120) and characterized its functions in vitro. Chimeric SHIV(SF162) virus expressing P3 gp120 of the pathogenic variant, designated SHIV(SF162PC), was also constructed and assessed for its pathogenicity and mucosal transmissibility in vivo. We found that, compared to wild-type SHIV(SF162) gp120, P3 gp120 conferred in vitro neutralization resistance and increased entry efficiency of the virus but was compromised in its fusion-inducing capacity. In vivo, SHIV(SF162PC) infected two of two and two of three rhesus macaques by the intravenous and intravaginal routes, respectively. Nevertheless, although peak viremia reached 10(6) to 10(7) RNA copies per ml of plasma in some infected animals and was associated with depletion of gut-associated CD4(+) lymphocytes, none of the animals maintained a viral set point that would be predictive of progression to disease. Together, the data from this study suggest a lack of correlation between entry efficiency and cytopathic properties of envelope glycoproteins with viral pathogenicity. Furthermore, whereas env gp120 contains the determinant for enhanced mucosal transmissibility of SHIV(SF162P3), the determinant(s) of its increased virulence may require additional sequence changes in env gp41 and/or maps to other viral genes.
Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information-system analysis (1988)

Software tools have been developed at the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Data Center to extract topographic structure and to delineate watersheds and overland flow paths from digital elevation models. The tools are special purpose FORTRAN programs interfaced with general-purpose raster and vector spatial analysis and relational data base management packages. The first phase of analysis is a conditioning phase that generates three data sets: the original DEM with depressions filled, a data set indicating the flow direction for each cell, and a flow accumulation data set in which each cell receives a value equal to the number of cells that drain to it. The original DEM and these three derivative data sets can then be processed in a variety of ways to optionally delineate drainage networks, overland paths, watersheds for user-specified locations, sub-watersheds for the major tributaries of a drainage network, or pour point linkages between watersheds. The computer-generated drainage lines and watershed polygons and the pour point linkage information can be transferred to vector-based geographic information systems for further analysis. Comparisons between these computer generated features and their manually delineated counterparts generally show close agreement, indicating that these software tools will save analyst time spent in manual interpretation and digitizing.
Stochastic Optimization with Importance Sampling for Regularized Loss Minimization (2015)

Uniform sampling of training data has been commonly used in traditional stochastic optimization algorithms such as Proximal Stochastic Mirror Descent (prox-SMD) and Proximal Stochastic Dual Coordinate Ascent (prox-SDCA). Although uniform sampling can guarantee that the sampled stochastic quantity is an unbiased estimate of the corresponding true quantity, the resulting estimator may have a rather high variance, which negatively affects the convergence of the underlying optimization procedure. In this paper we study stochastic optimization, including prox-SMD and prox-SDCA, with importance sampling, which improves the convergence rate by reducing the stochastic variance. We theoretically analyze the algorithms and empirically validate their effectiveness.
Effect of Human C-Reactive Protein on Chemokine and Chemotactic Factor-Induced Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Signaling (1998)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a unique serum pentraxin and the prototype acute phase reactant. CRP is a ligand for specific receptors on phagocytic leukocytes, and mediates activation reactions of monocytes/macrophages, but inhibits the respiratory burst of neutrophils (PMN). Since CRP selectively accumulates at inflammatory sites in which IL-8 is also produced, we tested the effects of CRP on the responsiveness of PMN to IL-8 and the bacterial chemotactic peptide, FMLP-phenylalanine (FMLPP). Purified human CRP inhibited the chemotactic response of PMN to IL-8 and FMLPP. A mouse IgM mAb that was generated against the leukocyte CRP receptor (CRP-R) also inhibited the chemotactic response. Incubation of purified CRP with activated PMN generated CRP-derived peptides that also inhibited chemotaxis. A synthetic CRP peptide (residues 27-38) that binds to the CRP-R had weak chemotactic activity, whereas two other CRP synthetic peptides (residues 174-185 and 191-205) inhibited chemotaxis of PMNs to both IL-8 and FMLPP. CRP did not alter receptor-specific binding of IL-8, but exerted its effect at the level of signaling. CRP augmented both IL-8- and FMLPP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2) activity. CRP at acute phase levels increased both agonist-induced and noninduced phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity. The results suggest a role for CRP as a regulator of leukocyte infiltration at inflammatory sites.
Biochemical and topological properties of type A MGDG synthase, a spinach chloroplast envelope enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG (1999)

MGDG synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of the major chloroplast membrane lipid monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG), is encoded by a multigenic family. We have analyzed the biochemical properties, subcellular localization and membrane topology of a spinach chloroplast MGDG synthase, a representative member of the type A family from Spinacia oleracea (soMGD A), using a recombinant protein that was functionally overexpressed in Escherichia coli and specific polyclonal antibodies. We demonstrated that soMGD A could catalyze the synthesis of both 'prokaryotic' and 'eukaryotic' MGDG molecular species in vitro, with a selectivity for diacylglycerol similar to that of purified chloroplast envelope MGDG synthase activity. Furthermore, soMGD A was shown to be sensitive to chemical reagents (dithiothreitol, N-ethylmaleimide and o-phenanthroline) known to affect MGDG synthesis by the partially purified enzyme, as well as in isolated chloroplast envelope membranes. In spinach chloroplasts, soMGD A was localized by Western blot analysis in the inner envelope membrane. Topological studies demonstrated that soMGD A is a monotopic enzyme, embedded within one leaflet of the inner envelope membrane from spinach chloroplasts, a structure which may involve amphipathic alpha helices. We further demonstrated that in vitro, soMGD A precursor is imported and processed to its correct mature form in intact chloroplasts. These results show that soMGD A corresponds to a mature polypeptide of approximately 45 kDa. In addition, inactivation kinetics after gamma-ray irradiation strongly suggest that both native chloroplast envelope MGDG synthase and recombinant soMGD A have a functional molecular mass of 95-100 kDa, indicating that they are probably active as homodimers made of two 45-kDa subunits. This study suggests that, in spite of the growing evidence that MGDG synthesis is catalyzed by a multigenic family of enzymes, in spinach leaves both prokaryotic and eukaryotic MGDG syntheses could be attributable to a unique dimeric enzyme, provided that diacylglycerol is transported from the outer membrane to the inner membrane of the chloroplast envelope.
The Iowa Driving Simulator: an immersive research environment (1995)

This simulator's rich, fully interactive environment provides varied scenarios for meeting experimental needs-for example, engineering evaluation of automated highway systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performance evaluation of preemptive polling schemes and ARQ techniques for indoor wireless networks (1996)

This paper examines a radio-based indoor communication network with a single radio channel shared by several data terminals. By enabling the terminals to communicate with each other and access the resources of a wired network, the system is a potential provider of in-building LAN-like services. In this indoor fading environment, a base-station approach is assumed. In the analysis, a two-state Markov chain model is used to model the nonstationary transmission channel. Two preemptive polling multiple-access schemes combine with ARQ error-control schemes to counteract the effects of a nonstationary transmission channel. The main idea devised is that of making the service interruption dependent on the propagation conditions of the transmission channel by monitoring the outcomes of the data packet transmission attempts. A performance comparison reveals the superiority of the preemptive polling systems with respect to a classical TDMA scheme.
Chromatin extrusion explains key features of loop and domain formation in wild-type and engineered genomes (2015)

We recently used in situ Hi-C to create kilobase-resolution 3D maps of mammalian genomes. Here, we combine these maps with new Hi-C, microscopy, and genome-editing experiments to study the physical structure of chromatin fibers, domains, and loops. We find that the observed contact domains are inconsistent with the equilibrium state for an ordinary condensed polymer. Combining Hi-C data and novel mathematical theorems, we show that contact domains are also not consistent with a fractal globule. Instead, we use physical simulations to study two models of genome folding. In one, intermonomer attraction during polymer condensation leads to formation of an anisotropic "tension globule." In the other, CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) and cohesin act together to extrude unknotted loops during interphase. Both models are consistent with the observed contact domains and with the observation that contact domains tend to form inside loops. However, the extrusion model explains a far wider array of observations, such as why loops tend not to overlap and why the CTCF-binding motifs at pairs of loop anchors lie in the convergent orientation. Finally, we perform 13 genome-editing experiments examining the effect of altering CTCF-binding sites on chromatin folding. The convergent rule correctly predicts the affected loops in every case. Moreover, the extrusion model accurately predicts in silico the 3D maps resulting from each experiment using only the location of CTCF-binding sites in the WT. Thus, we show that it is possible to disrupt, restore, and move loops and domains using targeted mutations as small as a single base pair.
Gold complexes with (2007)

The reactions of methane with the gold complexes [Au(OH)]−, [Au(OCH3)4]−, [Au(O(CO)2O2]− and [Au(O2CH)2]+, [AuI(acac)], [AuIII(acac)2]+ (acac-acetylacetonato) were studied using the DFT/PBE method with the SBK basis set. High activation barriers were obtained for the electrophilic substitution in [Au(OH)]−, [Au(OCH3)4]−, [Au(O(CO)2O)2]-and [AuIII(acac)2]+ complexes, which excludes the possibility that these reactions might proceed under mild conditions. The reactions of the [Au(HCO2)2]+ and [AuI(acac)] complexes with methane have rather low energy barriers and proceed through the formation of an intermediate complex. The alternative mechanism of methane oxidation with a gold complex in the presence of oxygen is simulated.
Carbon‐Nanotube‐Decorated Nano‐LiFePO<sub>4</sub> @C Cathode Material with Superior High‐Rate and Low‐Temperature Performances for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2013)

A novel LiFePO4 cathode material (LFP@C/CNT) is demonstrated, whereby the LiFePO4 nanoparticles are decorated with both an amorphous carbon coating and conducting carbon nanotubes. This material exhibits much improved electrochemical properties in terms of specific capacity, rate capability, cycling, and low-temperature performances benefiting from the enhanced electronic and ionic conductivities, stabilized interface and lower charge polarization compared to pristine LFP and other carbon-decorated LFP materials.
<title>Paradigm for selecting the optimum classifier in semiconductor automatic defect classification applications</title> (2000)

The automatic classification of defects found on semiconductor wafers using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a complex task that involves many steps. The process includes re- detecting the defect, measuring attributes of the defect, and automatically assigning a classification. In many cases, especially during product ramp-up, and when multiple products are manufactured in the same line, there are few training examples for an automatic defect classification (ADC) system. This condition presents a problem for traditional supervised parametric and nonparametric learning techniques. In this paper we investigate the attributes of several approaches to ADC and compare their performance under a variety of available training data scenarios. We have selected to characterize the attributes and performance of a traditional K-nearest neighbor classifier, probabilistic neural network (PNN), and rule-based classifier in the context of SEM ADC. The PNN classifier is a nonparametric supervised classifier that is built around a radial basis function (RBF) neural network architecture. A basic summary of the PNN will be presented along with the generic strengths and weakness described in the literature and observed with actual semiconductor defect data. The PNN classifier is able to manage conditions such as non-convex class distributions and single class multiple clusters in feature space. A rule-based classifier producing built-in core classes provided by the Applied Materials SEMVision tool will be characterized in the context of both few examples and no examples. An extensive set of fab generated data is used to characterize the performance of these ADC approaches. Typical data sets contain from 30 to greater than 200. The number of classes in the data set range from 4 to more than 12. The conclusions reached from this analysis indicate that the strengths of each method are evident under specific conditions that are related to different stages within the VLSI yield curve, and to the number of different products in the line.
A collection-based GIS atlas of fish distribution in South Africa : collections and research (2000)

Traditionally natural history collections are primarily sources for systematic studies of biota. When well-documented they are also valuable long-term data sets. The advent of modern electronic computing systems has released the largely untapped potentials of these data sets, extending the value of collections well beyond the traditional systematic function they fulfilled as assemblages of specimens for taxonomic research. This paper describes the collaboration between the JLB Smith Institute of Ichthyology and ALCOM/FAO to produce a dynamic atlas of freshwater fish distribution in southern Africa. On the one hand ALCOM was developing a GIS-based water resource database and, on the other, the Institute was developing a fish distribution database from museum collection records. This on-going project illustrates the inherent value of natural history collections and their public relevance as well as the utility of modern technology to existing collection databases.
Next-Generation Sequencing for Pathogen Discovery in Meningoencephalitis (P2.306) (2014)

Objective: Describe a clinical case in which next-generation sequencing (NGS) rapidly identified a rare but treatable bacterial cause of meningoencephalitis resulting in a favorable patient outcome. Background: Over 100 pathogens cause meningoencephalitis, complicating the development of any comprehensive diagnostic workup. Unbiased NGS is revolutionizing our ability to identify new pathogens, especially novel viruses. However, the utility of NGS in the context of critical illness has not been established. Design/Methods: A 14 year-old boy with severe combined immunodeficiency presented with 4 months of headache and fever progressing to hydrocephalus and coma. An exhaustive diagnostic workup including brain biopsy was unrevealing. NGS was performed on the patient’s cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The extracted samples were put through a modified TruSeq protocol (Illumina, San Diego, CA) to generate sequencing libraries. The libraries were sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq instrument using 150/350 base pair paired-end sequencing. Using the SNAP nucleotide aligner, the sequences were analyzed using an in-house computational pipeline for viral, bacterial and fungal sequences. Results: The sequencing run yielded 16,375,474 raw reads. In the untreated CSF, 955 reads aligned to the Leptospiraceae bacterial family, and 483 reads aligned to this family in the pre-DNAsed CSF sample. No reads aligned in the pre-DNAsed serum sample. Further analysis showed the reads aligned to Leptospira santarosai with coverage spanning the entire genome. These results were obtained within 48 hours of obtaining the specimens. The Centers for Disease Control's standard PCR assay was negative, but the 16s ribosomal RNA PCR was positive. The patient received appropriate Leptospira anti-microbials and made a dramatic recovery. He is now at home near his pre-morbid baseline. Conclusions: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic bacterial disease that occurs throughout the world. The disease phenotype is widely variable, and meningitis is common. Diagnostic assays for Leptospira are imperfect and rarely pursued. NGS rapidly detected this rare pathogen leading to a dramatic, real-time impact on this patient’s care.