gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferrates (iron(VI) and iron(V)): Environmentally friendly oxidants and disinfectants (2005)

Iron(VI) and iron(v), known as ferrates, are powerful oxidants and their reactions with pollutants are typically fast with the formation of non-toxic by-products. Oxidations performed by Fe(VI) and Fe(V) show pH dependence; faster rates are observed at lower pH. Fe(VI) shows excellent disinfectant properties and can inactivate a wide variety of microorganisms at low Fe(VI) doses. Fe(VI) also possesses efficient coagulation properties and enhanced coagulation can also be achieved using Fe(VI) as a preoxidant. The reactivity of Fe(V) with pollutants is approximately 3-5 orders of magnitude faster than that of Fe(VI). Fe(V) can thus be used to oxidize pollutants and inactivate microorganisms that have resistance to Fe(VI). The final product of Fe(VI) and Fe(V) reduction is Fe(III), a non-toxic compound. Moreover, treatments by Fe(VI) do not give any mutagenic/carcinogenic by-products, which make ferrates environmentally friendly ions. This paper reviews the potential role of iron(VI) and iron(V) as oxidants and disinfectants in water and wastewater treatment processes. Examples are given to demonstrate the multifunctional properties of ferrates to purify water and wastewater.
Advanced Targeted, Cell and Gene-Therapy Approaches for Pediatric Hematological Malignancies: Results and Future Perspectives (2013)

Despite the survival of pediatric patients affected by hematological malignancies being improved in the last 20 years by chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, a significant amount of patients still relapses. Treatment intensification is limited by toxic side effects and is constrained by the plateau of efficacy, while the pipeline of new chemotherapeutic drugs is running short. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are essential and researchers around the world are testing in clinical trials immune and gene-therapy approaches as second-line treatments. The aim of this review is to give a glance at these novel promising strategies of advanced medicine in the field of pediatric leukemias. Results from clinical protocols using new targeted "smart" drugs, immunotherapy, and gene therapy are summarized, and important considerations regarding the combination of these novel approaches with standard treatments to promote safe and long-term cure are discussed.
Two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy with double modulation lock-in detection: enhancement of sensitivity and noise resistance (2011)

In many potential applications of two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy the excitation energies per pulse are strictly limited, while the samples are strongly scattering. We demonstrate a technique, based on double-modulation of incident laser beams with mechanical choppers, which can be implemented in almost any non-collinear four wave mixing scheme including 2D spectroscopy setup. The technique virtually eliminates artifacts or "ghost" signals in 2D spectra, which arise due to scattering and accumulation of long-lived species. To illustrate the advantages of the technique, we show a comparison of porphyrin J-aggregate 2D spectra obtained with different methods following by discussion.
Psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of Huntington's disease (2010)

Summary Patients with Huntington's disease can be a challenge to psychiatrists and to psychiatric services. We present a patient whose case history illustrates this and underlines the need for prompt and adequate treatment of psychiatric problems in this population. We discuss the psychiatric and behavioural manifestations of the illness, the treatments available and the role of psychiatric services in providing care for people with Huntington's disease.
Detection of 3D curve for shoe sole spraying based on laser triangulation measurement (2009)

This paper describes the development of laser stripe sensor for automatic 3D Curve detection for Shoe Sole Spraying. It also presents the implementation of a new apparatus for adhesive spray of the shoe upper. Laser stripe sensor which is used to obtain profile of shoe sole upper plays an important part in the production of leather shoes. The sensor consists of a CCD camera and a stripe-type laser diode due to high speed requirement. In on-line program system, a method based on computer vision with structured light including in: median filtering, bi-level thresholding, opening and closing, mid-line of the laser stripe extraction, has been developed. The 3D scan curves and closed contour line could be interpolated as B-spline curves. Finally, the experiments results illustrate its feasibility and effectiveness.
Autonomic control of ultradian and circadian rhythms of blood pressure, heart rate, and baroreflex sensitivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1997)

The influence of the autonomic nervous system on the blood pressure and heart rats in SHR is frequency-dependent. The circadian, but not ultradian, blood pressure rhythmicity is controlled by vascular autonomic activity. Conversely, the circadian, but not ultradian, heart rate rhythmicity is independent of autonomic tone. In rats, just as in humans, the trough in baroreflex sensitivity occurred after the sleeping period, when locomotor activity is resumed.
Lack of Immunity in University Students before an Outbreak of Serogroup C Meningococcal Infection (2000)

Immunity to meningococci was determined in infected and uninfected students before and during an outbreak of serogroup C meningococcal infection at a university in the United Kingdom. No immunity against the outbreak strain was detected in serum taken from infected students prior to the outbreak or at the time of admission; bactericidal activity developed during convalescence. Carriage of all strains of serogroup C meningococci in asymptomatic students was low (0.9%), and no carriage of the outbreak strain could be detected. Immunity in the at-risk student population before the outbreak was low: 90% of students had no significant bactericidal activity against the outbreak strain. A low prevalence of carriage of the outbreak strain, together with a low prevalence of protective immunity within the student population, was associated with a high incidence of invasive disease in those who acquired the outbreak strain.
The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57Kip2 mediates proliferative actions of PTHrP in chondrocytes (2004)

Parathyroid hormone-related peptide (PTHrP) is a positive regulator of chondrocyte proliferation during bone development. In embryonic mice lacking PTHrP, chondrocytes stop proliferating prematurely, with accelerated differentiation. Because the bone phenotype of mice lacking the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57 Kip2 is the opposite of the PTHrP-null phenotype, we hypothesized that PTHrP's proliferative actions in chondrocytes might be mediated by opposing p57. We generated p57/PTHrP-null embryos, which showed partial rescue of the PTHrP-null phenotype. There was reversal of the loss of proliferative chondrocytes in most bones, with reversal of the accelerated differentiation that occurs in the PTHrP-null phenotype. p57 mRNA and protein were upregulated in proliferative chondrocytes in the absence of PTHrP. Metatarsal culture studies confirmed the action of PTHrP to decrease p57 mRNA and protein levels in a model in which parathyroid hormone (PTH), used as an analog of PTHrP, increased chondrocyte proliferation rate and the length of the proliferative domain. PTH treatment of p57-null metatarsals had no effect on proliferation rate in round proliferative chondrocytes but still stimulated proliferation in columnar chondrocytes. These studies suggest that the effects of PTHrP on both the rate and extent of chondrocyte proliferation are mediated, at least in part, through suppression of p57 expression.
Learning the Gain Values and Discount Factors of Discounted Cumulative Gains (2014)

Evaluation metric is an essential and integral part of a ranking system. In the past, several evaluation metrics have been proposed in information retrieval and web search, among them Discounted Cumulative Gain (DCG) has emerged as one that is widely adopted for evaluating the performance of ranking functions used in web search. However, the two sets of parameters, the gain values and discount factors, used in DCG are usually determined in a rather ad-hoc way, and their impacts have not been carefully analyzed. In this paper, we first show that DCG is generally not coherent, i.e., comparing the performance of ranking functions using DCG very much depends on the particular gain values and discount factors used. We then propose a novel methodology that can learn the gain values and discount factors from user preferences over rankings, modeled as a special case of learning linear utility functions. We also discuss how to extend our methods to handle tied preference pairs and how to explore active learning to reduce preference labeling. Numerical simulations illustrate the effectiveness of our proposed methods. Moreover, experiments are also conducted over a side-by-side comparison data set from a commercial search engine to validate the proposed methods on real-world data.
Characteristics of High-purity Polyaluminum Chloride Species Prepared by Homogeneous Alkalization (2005)

Several kinds of polyaluminum chlorides of different basicity were prepared by the reaction of homogeneous alkalization with aluminum powder of high-purity and aluminum chloride hexahydrate in a state of boiling and refluxing.White haziness appeared in the liquid samples in B%≥83%.When the solid samples in B%≥80% were put in the open air,it was observed that granules produced the phenomena of bursting automatically for moisture absorption and swelling.The alumina content of their solids could be more than 48%.It was showed by the t-A curves of Ferron timed complex that there were less Al_(b) contents in this HPAC,and that Al_(c) contents were high side,Al_(c) was the stable existing species of polyaluminum ions.The IR absorption peaks of 1 090 cm~(1),970 cm~(-1) and 778 cm~(-1) or so in IR characteristic spectrum district indicated the polycondensation extent of polyaluminum ions.XRD indicated that the solid structures of different basicity had obvious difference.With the increase of basicity,the small angle scattering peaks in 2θ=8.4° became especially obvious.The NMR absorption of the Al_(13) cluster ion was related to solution strength and basicity in ~(27)Al NMR spectrum determination.
Mechanical Properties of the Upper Airway (2012)

The importance of the upper airway (nose, pharynx, and larynx) in health and in the pathogenesis of sleep apnea, asthma, and other airway diseases, discussed elsewhere in the Comprehensive Physiology series, prompts this review of the biomechanical properties and functional aspects of the upper airway. There is a literature based on anatomic or structural descriptions in static circumstances, albeit studied in limited numbers of individuals in both health and disease. As for dynamic features, the literature is limited to studies of pressure and flow through all or parts of the upper airway and to the effects of muscle activation on such features; however, the links between structure and function through airway size, shape, and compliance remain a topic that is completely open for investigation, particularly through analyses using concepts of fluid and structural mechanics. Throughout are included both historically seminal references, as well as those serving as signposts or updated reviews. This article should be considered a resource for concepts needed for the application of biomechanical models of upper airway physiology, applicable to understanding the pathophysiology of disease and anticipated results of treatment interventions.
Biologically inspired adaptive dynamic walking in outdoor environment using a self-contained quadruped robot: 'Tekken2' (2005)

We have been trying to induce a quadruped robot to walk with medium walking speed on irregular terrain based on biological concepts. We propose the essential conditions for stable dynamic walking on irregular terrain in general, and we design the mechanical system and the neural system by comparing biological concepts with those essential conditions described in physical terms. PD-controller at joints constructs the virtual spring-damper system as the visco-elasticity model of a muscle. The neural system model consists of a CPG (central pattern generator), reflexes and responses. A CPG generates rhythmic motion for walking. We define a "reflex" as joint torque generation based on sensor information and a "response" as CPG phase modulation through sensory feedback to a CPG. The state of the virtual spring-damper system is switched based on the phase signal of the CPG. CPGs, the motion of the virtual spring-damper system of each leg and the rolling motion of the body are mutually entrained through the rolling motion feedback to CPGs, and can generate adaptive walking. We report our experimental results of dynamic walking on irregular terrain in outdoor environment using a self-contained quadruped robot in order to verify the effectiveness of the designed neuro-mechanical system.
Requirements and referential software architecture for home server based inter-home multimedia collaboration services (2004)

This paper presents requirements and referential software architecture for home server based multimedia collaboration services. The architecture can be applied to home servers and mobile devices for collaborative works such as voice over Internet protocol, collaborative web browsing, file transmission, and instant messaging.
An MRI‐compatible system for focused ultrasound experiments in small animal models (2009)

The development of novel MRI-guided therapeutic ultrasound methods including potentiated drug delivery and targeted thermal ablation requires extensive testing in small animals such as rats and mice due to the widespread use of these species as models of disease. An MRI-compatible, computer-controlled three-axis positioning system was constructed to deliver focused ultrasound exposures precisely to a target anatomy in small animals for high-throughput preclinical drug delivery studies. Each axis was constructed from custom-made nonmagnetic linear ball stages driven by piezoelectric actuators and optical encoders. A range of motion of 5 x 5 x 2.5 cm3 was achieved, and initial bench top characterization demonstrated the ability to deliver ultrasound to the brain with a spatial accuracy of 0.3 mm. Operation of the positioning system within the bore of a clinical 3 T MR imager was feasible, and simultaneous motion and MR imaging did not result in any mutual interference. The system was evaluated in its ability to deliver precise sonications within the mouse brain, linear scanned exposures in a rat brain for blood barrier disruption, and circular scans for controlled heating under MR temperature feedback. Initial results suggest that this is a robust and precise apparatus for use in the investigation of novel ultrasound-based therapeutic strategies in small animal preclinical models.
Synthesis of a <sup>125</sup>I labelled azido‐substituted glibenclamide analogue for photoaffinity labelling of the sulfonylurea receptor (1994)

Abstract N‐{4‐(2‐{4‐Azido‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐[ 125 I]iodobenzamido}ethyl)benzenesul]‐N′‐cyclohexylurea has been prepared as a novel photoaffinity ligand for the sulfonylurea receptor. This involved synthesis of a 4‐azidosalicyloyl analogue of glibenclamide and treatment of the analogue with Na 125 I and chloramine‐T. Purification by HPLC gave the radiolabelled sulfonylurea in 56% radiochemical yield and high specific activity (2130 Ci/mmol).
In vivo clearance and tissue uptake of an anti-DNA monoclonal antibody and its complexes with DNA. (1985)

In vivo clearance and tissue localization of a purified mouse anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (MoAb) (A52 IgG2b) and its complexes with DNA were studied in normal BALB/c and autoimmune NZB/NZW mice. The plasma half-life of the autoantibody in both mouse strains was significantly shorter (T 1/2 = 10-15 min), compared with that of purified NZB myeloma proteins (T 1/2 greater than or equal to 180 min). DNA antigen and DNA-A52 IgG complexes in antibody excess were cleared very rapidly (T 1/2 = 4-8 min), while complexes formed in antigen excess persisted in the circulation much longer (T 1/2 = 60 min). Organ studies showed that the anti-DNA MoAb was transiently retained by the liver and the spleen but demonstrated a particular affinity for the kidney tissue. We suggest that tissue damage in SLE glomerulonephritis may be facilitated by direct interaction of anti-DNA antibodies with glomerular components.
Lipid-lowering response to statins is affected by CYP3A5 polymorphism (2004)

Individuals expressing the polymorphic CYP3A5 enzyme might show a more than average efficiency in the metabolism of lovastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We studied whether the expression of CYP3A5 is associated with an impaired lipid-lowering response to statins in 69 Caucasian patients. Lovastatin, simvastatin and atorvastatin were significantly less effective in CYP3A5 expressors than in non-expressors. The mean serum total cholesterol concentration at 1 year was 23% higher (P = 0.0014) and the mean serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration was 24% higher (P = 0.036) in subjects possessing the CYP3A5*1 allele (CYP3A5 expressors, n = 7) than in subjects homozygous for the CYP3A5*3 allele (non-expressors, n = 39). The mean percentage reduction in serum total cholesterol from baseline was significantly smaller in CYP3A5 expressors than in non-expressors (17% versus 31%, P = 0.026). No association between hypolipidemic efficacy and CYP3A5 polymorphism was observed among 23 subjects taking statins that are not dependent on CYP3A5 (fluvastatin, pravastatin). These findings suggest that CYP3A5 may be a genetic determinant of interindividual differences in response to certain statins.
Review of finger print sensing technologies (2008)

This paper reports the development in fingerprint sensor technologies with respect to strengths and weaknesses of each. Related issues on technology, underlying physics, liveness detection, resolution, performance assessment, limitations and standardization are discussed. Finally, the future directions of fingerprint sensors and systems development are explored.
Human myoblasts differentiate in various mesenchymal lineages and inhibit allogeneic T cell proliferation through an indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase dependent pathway (2021)

Muscle stem cells (MuSC) are considered as a reliable source of therapeutic cells to restore diseased muscles. However in most cases, injected MuSC-derived myoblasts are rapidly destroyed by the host immune response, which impairs the beneficial effect. By contrast, human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), have been reported to exhibit potent immune regulatory functions. Thus, we investigated, in vitro, the multipotent differentiation- and immunosuppressive capacities of human myoblasts and compared these features with those of human MSC. Myoblasts shared numerous cell surface markers with MSC, including CD73, CD90, CD105 and CD146. Both cell type were negative for HLA-DR and CD45, CD34 and CD31. CD56, a myogenic marker, was expressed by myoblasts exclusively. Myoblasts displayed multipotent potential capabilities with differentiation in chondrocytes, adipocytes and osteoblasts in vitro. Myoblasts also inhibited allogenic T cell proliferation in vitro in a dose dependent manner, very similarly to MSC. This effect was partly mediated via the activation of indolamine 2,3 dioxygenase enzyme (IDO) after IFNγ exposure. Altogether, these data demonstrate that human myoblasts can differentiate in various mesenchymal linages and exhibit powerful immunosuppressive properties in vitro. Such features may open new therapeutic strategies for MuSC-derived myoblasts.
Microwave hybrid heating of alumina filaments (1993)

Low loss oxide ceramics filaments are not readily heated to sintering temperatures (>900[degrees]C) by direct microwave heating at 2.45 GHz. Use of high power levels typically yields thermal runaway with catastrophic melting. In other studies, hybrid, or indirect, heating has been successfully applied to processing bulk oxide ceramics. In this work, commercial alumina-based filaments have been indirectly heated to 700[degrees]--900[degrees]C through a lossy carbon coating on the filament tow. Specific filaments can reach higher temperatures by direct coupling after preheating with a lossy coating. The results of microwave hybrid heating in a single mode TE[sub 102] cavity will be described for commercial alumina-based filaments.
Blind-Channel Identification for MIMO Single-Carrier Zero-Padding Block-Transmission Systems (2008)

We propose a blind identification method for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) single-carrier zero-padding block-transmission systems. The method uses periodic precoding on the source signal before transmission. The estimation of the channel impulse response matrix consists of two steps: 1) obtain the channel product matrix by solving a lower-triangular linear system; 2) obtain the channel impulse response matrix by computing the positive eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a Hermitian matrix formed from the channel product matrix. The method is applicable to MIMO channels with more transmitters or more receivers. A sufficient condition for identifiability is simply that the channel impulse response matrix is full column rank. The design of the precoding sequence which minimizes the noise effect in covariance matrix estimation is proposed and the effect of the optimal precoding sequence on channel equalization is discussed. Simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of the method.
Human factors issues associated with the use of speech technology in the cockpit (1983)

The human factors issues associated with the use of voice technology in the cockpit are summarized. The formulation of the LHX avionics suite is described and the allocation of tasks to voice in the cockpit is discussed. State-of-the-art speech recognition technology is reviewed. Finally, a questionnaire designed to tap pilot opinions concerning the allocation of tasks to voice input and output in the cockpit is presented. This questionnaire was designed to be administered to operational AH-1G Cobra gunship pilots. Half of the questionnaire deals specifically with the AH-1G cockpit and the types of tasks pilots would like to have performed by voice in this existing rotorcraft. The remaining portion of the questionnaire deals with an undefined rotorcraft of the future and is aimed at determining what types of tasks these pilots would like to have performed by voice technology if anything was possible, i.e. if there were no technological constraints.
A new color contrast enhancement algorithm for robotic applications (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a new spatial domain color contrast enhancement algorithm based on the alpha weighted quadratic filter. The goal of this work is to utilize the characteristics of the nonlinear filter to enhance contrast while recovering the color information. Automatic parameter selection is also important for autonomous robot systems. Therefore, we also present a modified image contrast measure Global logAMEE to incorporate the global image information in regular logAMEE. The new measure helps to choose the optimal parameters and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can enhance the contrast and color efficiently and effectively, even in the presence of noise. Thus, the algorithm is suitable for use in real time robotic applications. Comparison with existing algorithms will be also presented.
Genetic variation in the interleukin 10 gene promoter and systemic lupus erythematosus. (1997)

Polymorphisms within the IL-10 gene promoter that are associated with high IL-10 levels may be important in the development of certain clinical features in SLE.