gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harmonic distortion in SC sigma-delta modulators (1994)

The maximum achievable resolution in noise-shaping modulators is a function of three principal parameters: oversampling ratio, M; noise-shaping order, L; and quantizer resolution, N. For practical implementations, thermal noise in MOS switches and amplifiers, bandwidth and slew-rate in integrator circuits in switched-capacitor (SC) implementations, and jitter noise in continuous-time (CT) and mixed CT-SC realizations have to be considered. This paper deals with harmonic distortion, which is a third design constraint in high-resolution SC noise-shaping modulators. Here we analyze harmonic distortion due to the nonideal DC-gain characteristic of operational amplifiers and derive a relationship for a standard SC integrator. Simulation results from a behavioral simulator we have developed validate the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oscillations of open-circuit potential during immersion plating of silicon in CuSO4/HF solutions (2006)

The paper analyzes the nature of oscillations of open-circuit potential (OCP) during immersion plating of copper on silicon wafers. The oscillations are observed within well-determined interval of experimental conditions (composition of the electrolyte, doping level of silicon wafers, temperature, viscosity of electrolyte, etc.). Different to other known cases of the electrochemical oscillations, in the present case, there is no external source of the electrical current. We summarize here experimental findings relevant to this phenomenon and analyze possible reasons for the occurrence of the OCP oscillations. The effect is well fit by the general phenomenology of chaos-order transitions in complex chemical systems. We present a model for the oscillatory behavior which involves simultaneous reactions of Cu deposition and oxidation of silicon wafer, generation of local mechanical stress in the system, nonlinear electrochemical etching of silicon, localization of the electric field at the etched surface, etc.
Effect of leisure time activities on mental health of orphan children. (2015)

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of leisure time activities on mental health status of orphan children. Orphan children suffer greatly from mental disorders as compared to their peer group. For conducting experiment 30 (15 Boys and 15 Girls) orphan children from Guru Nanak Anath Ashram (Orphan Home) by using random sampling technique were selected. All subjects were between the age group of 13-18 years of age a programme of leisure time activities was prepared, which was based on the interest of samples. In order to analyze experimental effects, pre test –post test experimental design was applied. To compare the mean value of two group ie control group and experimental group t- test was applied and tested at 0.01 significant levels. Training of selected leisure time activities were imparted to subjects up to twelve (12) weeks to experimental group. Training program was not imparted to control group (15 Boys and 15 Girls). Pre and post mental Health status were checked by Singh and Gupta Mental Health Battery. The results of the investigation shown that there are positive effects of leisure time activities over the various dimensions of mental health i.e. emotional stability, overall adjustment, autonomy, security-insecurity, self-concept and intelligence.
Glycogen depletion during prolonged exercise: influence of glucose, fructose, or placebo (1985)

We examined the influence of various carbohydrates of fuel homeostasis and glycogen utilization during prolonged exercise. Seventy-five grams of glucose, fructose, or placebo were given orally to eight healthy males 45 min before ergometer exercise performed for 2 h at 55% of maximal aerobic power (VO2max). After glucose ingestion, the rises in plasma glucose (P less than 0.01) and insulin (P less than 0.001) were 2.4- and 5.8-fold greater than when fructose was consumed. After 30 min of exercise following glucose ingestion, the plasma glucose concentration had declined to a nadir of 3.9 +/- 0.3 mmol/l, and plasma insulin had returned to basal levels. The fall in plasma glucose was closely related to the preexercise glucose (r = 0.98, P less than 0.001) and insulin (r = 0.66, P less than 0.05) levels. The rate of endogenous glucose production and utilization rose similarly by 2.8-fold during exercise in fructose group and were 10-15% higher than in placebo group (P less than 0.05). Serum free fatty acid levels were 1.5- to 2-fold higher (P less than 0.01) after placebo than carbohydrate ingestion. Muscle glycogen concentration in the quadriceps femoris fell in all three groups by 60-65% (P less than 0.001) during exercise. These data indicate that fructose ingestion, though causing smaller perturbations in plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal polypeptide (GIP) levels than glucose ingestion, was no more effective than glucose or placebo in sparing glycogen during a long-term exercise.
Pulse‐width modulation control strategy for high efficiency LLC resonant converter with light load applications (2014)

LLC resonant converters, generally adopting frequency modulation control, can hardly achieve high efficiency under both heavy and light load conditions. Especially under light load conditions, the high‐switching frequency seriously degrades converter's efficiency. This study propose a new pulse‐width modulation (PWM) control strategy for LLC resonant converters under light load applications on the premise of no change in the main circuit structure. The voltage gain of the converter is regulated by varying duty ratio instead of increasing switching frequency and therefore zero‐current switching for rectifier diodes can be realised under light load conditions. With the proposed PWM control strategy, the gain is not affected by the load variations and an optimal design of the magnetic components is possible, therefore the efficiency is further improved by reducing both the switching losses and the losses in magnetic components. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PWM strategy by increasing the efficiency of LCC resonant converter, especially under light load conditions.
Effect of lupus anticoagulants on the activated partial thromboplastin time. Results of the College of American Pathologists survey program. (1991)

Lupus anticoagulants are antibodies that interfere with in vitro phospholipid-dependent coagulation reactions. In vivo, they have been associated with a variety of thromboembolic problems. Samples from patients with lupus anticoagulants were included in the 1986 and 1987 College of American Pathologists proficiency survey program. Participant performance on these samples demonstrated significant variation in the responsiveness of different activated partial thromboplastin reagents to lupus anticoagulants. The level of factor VIII in these samples reported by the participants also varied with the reagent used. Follow-up studies demonstrated striking reagent-dependent differences in the dilutional effect on apparent factor VIII, IX, XI, and XII activity. These results point out the importance of selecting sensitive and responsive reagents for appropriate identification of lupus inhibitors. In addition, the results indicate that the choice of reagent used for factor assays can affect the apparent factor activity as well as whether a dilutional effect is noted when a lupus anticoagulant is present in the test sample, an important consideration when trying to distinguish a lupus anticoagulant from a specific factor inhibitor.
Psychophysical model of chromatic perceptual transparency based on substractive color mixture (2002)

Variants of Metelli's episcotister model, which are based on additive color mixture, have been found to describe the luminance conditions for perceptual transparency very accurately. However, the findings in the chromatic domain are not that clear-cut, since there exist chromatic stimuli that conform to the additive model but do not appear transparent. We present evidence that such failures are of a systematic nature, and we propose an alternative psychophysical model based on subtractive color mixture. Results of a computer simulation revealed that this model approximately describes color changes that occur when a surface is covered by a filter. We present the results of two psychophysical experiments with chromatic stimuli, in which we directly compared the predictions of the additive model and the predictions of the new model. These results show that the color relations leading to the perception of a homogeneous transparent layer conform very closely to the predictions of the new model and deviate systematically from the predictions of the additive model.
Industrial use of immobilized enzymes (2013)

Although many methods for enzyme immobilization have been described in patents and publications, relatively few processes employing immobilized enzymes have been successfully commercialized. The cost of most industrial enzymes is often only a minor component in overall process economics, and in these instances, the additional costs associated with enzyme immobilization are often not justified. More commonly the benefit realized from enzyme immobilization relates to the process advantages that an immobilized catalyst offers, for example, enabling continuous production, improved stability and the absence of the biocatalyst in the product stream. The development and attributes of several established and emerging industrial applications for immobilized enzymes, including high-fructose corn syrup production, pectin hydrolysis, debittering of fruit juices, interesterification of food fats and oils, biodiesel production, and carbon dioxide capture are reviewed herein, highlighting factors that define the advantages of enzyme immobilization.
Recent Advances in Organic Photovoltaics: Device Structure and Optical Engineering Optimization on the Nanoscale (2016)

Organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, which can directly convert absorbed sunlight to electricity, are stacked thin films of tens to hundreds of nanometers. They have emerged as a promising candidate for affordable, clean, and renewable energy. In the past few years, a rapid increase has been seen in the power conversion efficiency of OPV devices toward 10% and above, through comprehensive optimizations via novel photoactive donor and acceptor materials, control of thin-film morphology on the nanoscale, device structure developments, and interfacial and optical engineering. The intrinsic problems of short exciton diffusion length and low carrier mobility in organic semiconductors creates a challenge for OPV designs for achieving optically thick and electrically thin device structures to achieve sufficient light absorption and efficient electron/hole extraction. Recent advances in the field of OPV devices are reviewed, with a focus on the progress in device architecture and optical engineering approaches that lead to improved electrical and optical characteristics in OPV devices. Successful strategies are highlighted for light wave distribution, modulation, and absorption promotion inside the active layer of OPV devices by incorporating periodic nanopatterns/nanostructures or incorporating metallic nanomaterials and nanostructures.
Structured and unstructured induction with EDAGs (1995)

Exception directed acyclic graphs (EDAGs) are knowledge structures that subsume trees and rules but can be substantially more compact. Manually constructed and induced EDAGs are compared by reconstructing Shapiro&apos;s &quot;structured induction&quot; of a chess end game. It is shown that the induced EDAG is very similar to that produced through consultation with experts, and that both are small, comprehensible solutions to a problem that is complex for people. Introduction A problem for knowledge discovery is that the trees or rules induced are not meaningful as &quot;knowledge&quot; (Quinlan 1991). Variant structures have been proposed that offer the possibility of more comprehensible models. Gaines&apos; (1989) Induct induces rule graphs that cover common cases by default rules and infrequent cases through exception rules. Compton and Jansen&apos;s (1990) ripple-down rules generalize binary decision trees by allowing a node to contain a compound premise, and interior nodes to contain conclusions. Gaines (1991) sho...
How to Draw What You See (1972)

Watson-Guptill's all-time best-selling drawing book. A best-seller for 35 years! This is a timeless classic that has taught generations of artists - and will teach generations more. When it was originally published in 1970, How to Draw What You See zoomed to the top of Watson-Guptill's best-seller list - and it has remained there ever since. I believe that you must be able to draw things as you see them - realistically, wrote Rudy de Reyna in his introduction. Today, generations of artists have learned to draw what they see, to truly capture the world around them, using de Reyna's methods. How to Draw What You See shows artists how to recognize the basic shape of an object - cube, cylinder, cone, or sphere - and use that shape to draw the object, no matter how much detail it contains.
Neural Models for Predicting Trajectory Performance of an Artillery Rocket (2004)

This paper presents a feed forward neural network model for predicting the trajectory performance of an artillery rocket. Three problems of artillery rocket performance are addressed under known ambient conditions to predict 1) the range for the specified firing angle, 2) the firing angle for the specified range, and 3) the range obtainable under standard (specified) conditions. The neural model bypass the need for any mathematical modeling or their solutions as hitherto resorted to for predicting the trajectory performance. For the purpose of present study, data from the range table of G-rocket, supplied by the user agency, are used. An appropriate set of input/output variables from the given data is selected to train, validate, and predict via the proposed neural models. A comparison of the neural model estimate with the values from the range table shows close agreement for all the proposed neural models. I. Introduction rtillery forms an important wing of an army in providing firepower, during both war and cross-border skirmishes with the enemy. Artillery rockets are a class of projectiles around which much of the aeroballistic theory was originally developed, and it continues to form a significant part of the aero ballistician’s interest. The effectiveness of artillery rocket is largely judged by the accuracy in hitting the targets. Various error sources inherent in the rocket system, together with the external conditions such as wind, cause dispersion of the rocket from its intended path. The actual path traversed by the rocket is compared to the predicted trajectory in order to calculate its accuracy. Beginning with the simplest, but relatively inaccurate, in-vacuo trajectory mathematical model, more and more sophisticated models of increasing accuracy, such as the point mass model, the modified point mass model, and the six-degree of freedom model, 1 have been developed. However, even the best of these models have their limitations because of 1) an inability to model all of the problem variables (e.g., the initial conditions at the time of rocket leaving the launcher, the tip-off effect, the aerodynamic jump, the variable atmospheric conditions, etc.) and 2) the non-availability of accurate and reliable aerodynamic coefficients (e.g. drag coefficient, damping in roll derivatives, etc.) required as inputs by the mathematical models. The recent interest in evolving applications of artificial neural networks (ANN) to diverse fields such as signal processing, pattern recognition, robotics, medical diagnosis, system identification, and control have led many researchers to explore their capability for aerospace engineering problems. The neural modeling has been employed in solving aerospace problems such as aerodynamic modeling, 2 buffet, 3
Unsupervised learning of object frames by dense equivariant image labelling (2017)

One of the key challenges of visual perception is to extract abstract models of 3D objects and object categories from visual measurements, which are affected by complex nuisance factors such as viewpoint, occlusion, motion, and deformations. Starting from the recent idea of viewpoint factorization, we propose a new approach that, given a large number of images of an object and no other supervision, can extract a dense object-centric coordinate frame. This coordinate frame is invariant to deformations of the images and comes with a dense equivariant labelling neural network that can map image pixels to their corresponding object coordinates. We demonstrate the applicability of this method to simple articulated objects and deformable objects such as human faces, learning embeddings from random synthetic transformations or optical flow correspondences, all without any manual supervision.
Asymmetric Addition of Reformatsky-Type Reagent to Imines Utilizing Diisopropyl Tartrate as a Chiral Auxiliary (2001)

Abstract The asymmetric nucleophilic addition of Reformatsky-type reagent to imines, which were prepared from aldehydes and 2-aminophenols, was achieved by the use of diisopropyl (R, R)-tartrate as a chiral auxiliary to afford the corresponding β-amino acid ester derivatives with excellent enantioselectivities. In order to realize reproducible higher stereoselection, the addition of a small amount of water was crucial.
Efficient program tracing (1993)

A program trace lists the addresses of instructions executed and data referenced during a program's execution. Earlier approaches to collecting program traces, including abstract execution and optimal control tracing, are reviewed. Two tracing systems based on these techniques are presented. Results collected when using the later systems on several programs show significant reductions in the cost of collecting traces. Reduction in trace file sizes are also significant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A skew and jitter suppressed DLL architecture for high frequency DDR SDRAMs (2002)

This paper demonstrates a skew and jitter suppressed delay locked loop (DLL) architecture used for over 400 Mbps operating DDR SDRAMs. Two novel replica adjusting techniques are introduced, which reduce timing skews between external clocks and data outputs. An improved delay line architecture is introduced, which realizes a high frequency and jitter suppressed DLL.
Identification of Synergistic Combinations of F508del Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) Modulators (2010)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited, life-threatening disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), an ABC transporter-class protein and ion channel that transports ions across epithelial cell membranes. The most common mutation leads to the deletion of a single phenylalanine, and the resulting protein, F508del-CFTR, shows reduced trafficking to the membrane and defective channel gating. The ideal therapeutic approach would address both of these defects and restore channel function at the same time. We describe here the application of a combination high-throughput screening to search for synergistic modulators of F508del-CFTR. With the adapted Fischer rat thyroid-yellow fluorescent protein halide flux assay to the combination high-throughput screening platform, we identified many interesting single agents as CFTR modulators from a library of approved drugs and mechanistic probe compounds, and combinations that synergistically modulate F508del-CFTR channel function in Fischer rat thyroid cells, demonstrating the potential for combination therapeutics to address the defects that cause CF.
Physicochemical properties of proton conducting membranes based on ionic liquid impregnated polymer for fuel cells (2006)

Polymer electrolyte membranes containing a room temperature ionic liquid, 2,3-dimethyl-1-octylimidazolium triflate (DMOImTf) in polyvinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVdF-HFP), show conductivity of 0.96 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C. The addition of triflic acid (HCF3SO3) increases the conductivity of the polymer electrolytes by providing free H+ ions, which is important for their potential use in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and other electrochemical devices. Line narrowing observed in the variation of 1H and 19F NMR line width with temperature shows that both protons and anions are mobile in these electrolytes. The membranes have been found to be thermally stable up to 200–300 °C. Polymer electrolyte membranes containing the ionic liquid have also been tested in a single cell fuel cell under non-humid conditions and found to be electroactive for hydrogen oxidation and oxygen reduction at platinum electrodes.
The <i>TYE7</i> gene of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> encodes a putative bHLH‐LZ transcription factor required for Tyl‐mediated gene expression (1994)

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, expression of a gene adjacent to the retrotransposon Ty1 is often mediated by Ty-internal sequences. We have identified novel mutants, tye7, which are affected in Ty1-mediated expression of ADH2 through a Ty1 sequence distal to the 5' long terminal repeat sequence. The TYE7 gene has been isolated and characterized. It encodes a 33 kDa protein whose N-terminal third is extremely rich in serine residues (28%). Within its C-terminal sequence, a remarkable similarity to Myc and Max proteins can be found. Thus, TYE7 is a potential member of the basic region/helix-loop-helix/leucine-zipper protein family. TYE7 function is not essential for growth. It may primarily function as a transcriptional activator in Ty1-mediated gene expression, as has been confirmed by the activation of reporter gene expression by a LexA-TYE7 hybrid protein. ADH2 activation by defined Ty1 derivatives revealed that TYE7 acts positively through the more distal Ty1 enhancer element (region D), and negatively in a region between A (the 5' proximal enhancer element) and D.