gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic particle velocimetry: a 3D measurement technique for vortex interactions, coherent structures and turbulence (1991)

To understand the topology and dynamics of coherent structures (CS), the interactions of CS with fine-scale turbulence, and the effects of CS on entrainment, mixing and combustion, experimental tools are needed that can measure velocity (preferably vorticity) vector fields in both 3D space and time. While traditional measurement techniques are not able to serve this purpose, holographic particle velocimetry (HPV) appears to be promising. In a demonstration experiment, the instantaneous 3D velocity vector fields in some simple vortical flows have been obtained using the HPV technique. In this preliminary report, the principles of the HPV technique are illustrated and the key issues in its implementation are discussed.
A 1.2-V RF Front-End With On-Chip VCO for PCS 1900 Direct Conversion Receiver in 0.13-&lt;tex&gt;$mu$&lt;/tex&gt;m CMOS (2006)

In this paper, a 1.2-V RF front-end realized for the personal communications services (PCS) direct conversion receiver is presented. The RF front-end comprises a low-noise amplifier (LNA), quadrature mixers, and active RC low-pass filters with gain control. Quadrature local oscillator (LO) signals are generated on chip by a double-frequency voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and frequency divider. A current-mode interface between the downconversion mixer output and analog baseband input together with a dynamic matching technique simultaneously improves the mixer linearity, allows the reduction of flicker noise due to the mixer switches, and minimizes the noise contribution of the analog baseband. The dynamic matching technique is employed to suppress the flicker noise of the common-mode feedback (CMFB) circuit utilized at the mixer output, which otherwise would dominate the low-frequency noise of the mixer. Various low-voltage circuit techniques are employed to enhance both the mixer second- and third-order linearity, and to lower the flicker noise. The RF front-end is fabricated in a 0.13-/spl mu/m CMOS process utilizing only standard process options. The RF front-end achieves a voltage gain of 50 dB, noise figure of 3.9 dB when integrated from 100 Hz to 135 kHz, IIP3 of -9 dBm, and at least IIP2 of +30dBm without calibration. The 4-GHz VCO meets the PCS 1900 phase noise specifications and has a phase noise of -132dBc/Hz at 3-MHz offset.
Evaluating a New Granular Iron Oxide for Removing Lead From Drinking Water (1992)

A granular adsorbent consisting of iron oxide particles cemented by a binding material was investigated for its ability to remove lead ion from water using both batch and column experimental methods. Results showed the optimum pH for removal to be between 5 and 7. Roth batch and column studies yielded similar values for the binding constant—about 5—but column studies indicated a significantly larger capacity, with a value of 4.3 mg Pb/g of adsorbent. Regeneration of the sorbent can be achieved by flushing with an acidic solution (pH = 3), although for long adsorption runs some buildup of residual lead within the pores is possible as a result of incomplete desorption.
An Alternative Product Extraction Method for E-Commerce Applications (2007)

Customers generally like to see alternative products and compare their characteristics and prices before deciding on one of them. Therefore, proposing alternative products is one of the crucial issues for e-commerce applications to increase customer satisfaction. This paper proposes a fuzzy similarity-based approach to determine similar products recorded in a database and submit them intelligently to the customer in a ranked way as alternative products.
The Most Important Questions∗ (1977)

The most thorough investigation of education of any type, in any nation, and at any time in history was conducted in United States beginning in 1967. The Carnegie Commission on Higher Education, chaired by Clark Kerr, former president of University of California, spent six and half years and six million dollars sponsoring dozens of conferences and scores of published research reports. In process it also produced shelf of more than twenty fat and impressive volumes of conclusions. That Commision's reports and recommendations aroused some criticism was predictable and welcome event; after all, educational policy alternatives aimed at changing current practices deserve to be greeted with arched eyebrows and vigorous debate. But attacks on Commission's five foot shelf were so virulent, and none revealed so much about spiritual and intellectual climate of emergent I970s, than those which accused it of one colossal, cardinal sin of omission. Sidney Hook, for example, admitted of Carnegie Commission that there is hardly facet of mechanics and organization of higher education that it does not treat, exhaustively and objectively. But he went on: it does not do is address itself to most important that can be asked about higher education: What should its content be? What should we educate for, and why? What constitutes meaningful liberal education in modern times, as distinct from mere training for vocation? Though Hook was ready to acknowledge merit of work Commission did accomplish, still he finds it puzzling that the most important questions have not been asked, that there has been corresponding effort to explore what curriculum of higher education should be in our modern age.1 The same issue was joined in 1973 Center Magazine essay by Donald McDonald called 'A Six Million Dollar Misunderstanding'. Kerr and Commission, McDonald wrote, decided to do strictly social science job on higher education-they climbed all over it, counting, measuring, describing, gauging, and projecting enrollment trends, demographic patterns, financing practices, student and alumni attitudes, governance procedures, and community relations. In short Commission spent most of its energy and attention on arrangements and circumstances of higher education rather than on education itself. By neglecting curriculum, McDonald charged, work of Commission, no matter how detailed and massive, amounted to a waste of time on scale of monumental proportions.2 The exasperation with work of Commission-McDonald's distress with social science job-can of course be pragmatically countered without much difficulty. Even had Commission plunged into cauldron of values, learning, and curriculum, wrote George Bonham in response to McDonald,
Nondestructive micropatterning of living animal cells using focused femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force (2007)

Micropatterning of mouse NIH3T3 fibroblast cells was performed using focused femtosecond laser-induced impulsive force in a culture medium. The cells were detached from an upper substrate by the force and transferred to an underlying substrate with less than spatial resolution of 80μm full width at half maximum. About 80% of the cells were confirmed to be alive at 3h after the patterning. The force exerted to the cell was investigated by high-speed imaging and estimated to be an order of micronewtons. The force origin was not only due to cavitation bubble but also due to shockwave and jet flow.
Mechanism of Deep Brain Stimulation (2015)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS), applying high-frequency electrical stimulation to deep brain structures, has now provided an effective therapeutic option for treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders. DBS targeting the internal segment of the globus pallidus, subthalamic nucleus, and thalamus is used to treat symptoms of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and tremor. However, the mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of DBS remains poorly understood and is still under debate: Does DBS inhibit or excite local neuronal elements? In this short review, we would like to introduce our recent work on the physiological mechanism of DBS and propose an alternative explanation: DBS dissociates input and output signals, resulting in the disruption of abnormal information flow through the stimulation site.
Amplification of an ancestral mammalian L1 family of long interspersed repeated DNA occurred just before the murine radiation. (1990)

Each mammalian genus examined so far contains 50,000-100,000 members of an L1 (LINE 1) family of long interspersed repeated DNA elements. Current knowledge on the evolution of L1 families presents a paradox because, although L1 families have been in mammalian genomes since before the mammalian radiation approximately 80 million years ago, most members of the L1 families are only a few million years old. Accordingly it has been suggested either that the extensive amplification that characterizes present-day L1 families did not occur in the past or that old members were removed as new ones were generated. However, we show here that an ancestral rodent L1 family was extensively amplified approximately 10 million years ago and that the relics (approximately 60,000 copies) of this amplification have persisted in modern murine genomes (Old World rats and mice). This amplification occurred just before the divergence of modern murine genera from their common ancestor and identifies the murine node in the lineage of modern muroid rodents. Our results suggest that repeated amplification of L1 elements is a feature of the evolution of mammalian genomes and that ancestral amplification events could provide a useful tool for determining mammalian lineages.
Acute Dilatation of the Stomach (1945)

On March 9 he appeared quite well, but stated that he had been having attacks of paroxysmal tachycardia, especially at night, each lasting about an hour. His pulse was 110.
Sequence Variations in the <i>FII</i> , <i>FV</i> , <i>F13A1</i> , <i>FGB</i> and <i>PAI-1</i> Genes are Associated with Differences in Myocardial Perfusion (2011)

Our study provides the first evidence of an association between these polymorphisms and myocardial perfusion, suggesting that the process of coronary artery disease and also patients' prognosis, may be modified by the FV:c.1691G>A, FII:c.20210G>A, PAI-1 -675 (4G/5G), β-fibrinogen FGB:c.4577G>A and F13A1:c.103G>T genotypes.
Microbial Dynamics of an Epilithic Mat Community in a High Alpine Stream (1982)

Studies were conducted to examine interrelationships between the heterotrophic and phototrophic populations within an epilithic community in the outlet stream of a high alpine lake. Levels of nitrates, phosphates, and total organic compounds in the lake were consistently near the lower limits of detectability. Microscopic examination of the community by phase-contrast light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy revealed diatoms, filamentous algae, and bacteria embedded within a dense gelatinous matrix. Chlorophyll a and primary productivity measurements had peak values in early August, with subsequent declines. Bacterial heterotrophic activity, as measured by V(max), turnover rate, and relative activity, increased significantly as the phototrophic community declined. This trend in heterotrophic activity was not accompanied by an increase in total bacterial numbers as determined by epi-illuminated fluorescence microscopy. These results suggest that the phototrophic community responded to changes in, or interactions among, various chemical and physical factors throughout the study period. The catabolic activity of the sessile bacteria appeared to be positively influenced by changes in the mat environment resulting from the decline of the phototrophic populations.
Revisit to aberration: a simulation study of lens aberration induced overlay misalignment and its experimental validation (2009)

Overlay (O/L) misalignment (M/A) is induced from numerous sources including metrology error and stage control error, and aberration in projection optics. However, as design rule become smaller, aberration induced O/L M/A is evaluated to take considerable portion in the overlay budget. This paper focuses on O/L M/A issues from projection optics. We presents a simulation analysis of M/A between contact hole (C/H) pattern and line & space (L/S) pattern at 65nm node based on the aberration data from actual lithography tool to single out the main source of O/L M/A.. The study shows that the aberration in projection optics can induce considerable M/A and the conventional overlay keys do not represent this M/A properly. Among the Zernike fringe polynomials, the third-order behavior (D3) in Z2 (tilt) is found to be the critical source of misalignment. This portion of the aberration is resulted from the lens heating (LH) and can be corrected. However, this correction method needs improvements because its controllability over LH is not enough for the complete correction of LH induced M/A. Besides D3, Z10 (3-Foil) are found to be the major sources for pattern shift in C/H patterns, and Z7 and Z14 (Coma x) are found for L/S patterns.
Regulation of Expression of the Gene Encoding the Major Surfactant Protein (SP-A) in Human Fetal Lung in Vitro (1989)

We previously observed that dexamethasone had a biphasic effect on the levels of mRNA encoding the major surfactant protein (SP-A) in human fetal lung in vitro; at concentrations of 10(-10) and 10(-9) M, dexamethasone caused an increase in the levels of SP-A mRNA, whereas at concentrations of greater than 10(-8) M, the steroid had a pronounced inhibitory effect on SP-A mRNA levels. It was also found that dexamethasone antagonized the stimulatory effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP) on SP-A mRNA levels in human fetal lung in vitro. It was our objective, in the present study, to characterize further the effects of dexamethasone and Bt2cAMP on SP-A mRNA levels in human fetal lung tissue and to determine whether such effects are associated with comparable changes in the transcriptional activity of the SP-A gene. We found that the action of dexamethasone (10(-7) M) to reduce the levels of SP-A mRNA in control and Bt2cAMP-treated fetal lung explants was evident within 2 h of its addition to the culture medium; SP-A mRNA was reduced to barely detectable levels in control and in Bt2cAMP-treated tissues after 24 h of dexamethasone treatment. The action of dexamethasone to reduce SP-A mRNA levels was not prevented by co-incubation with either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. In contrast to its dose-related biphasic effects on the levels of SP-A mRNA, we found that dexamethasone caused a dose-dependent stimulation of SP-A gene transcription. Bt2cAMP also increased the transcriptional activity of the SP-A gene in the human fetal lung in vitro. In fetal lung explants incubated in the presence of dexamethasone plus Bt2cAMP, a synergistic induction of SP-A gene transcription was observed at concentrations of dexamethasone of 10(-9)-10(-7) M. Our findings are indicative that the stimulatory effects of dexamethasone (10(-10)-10(-9) M) on SP-A mRNA levels are reflective of a stimulatory effect of the steroid on SP-A gene transcription, whereas the inhibitory effects of dexamethasone (10(-7) M) on SP-A mRNA levels are the result of a dominant effect of the steroid in elevated concentrations to reduce SP-A mRNA stability.
Wireless sensor and actuator system for smart irrigation on the cloud (2015)

The number of devices connected to the Internet is experiencing an explosive growth. The interconnection of smart objects embedded with sensors enables them to interact with the environment and among themselves, forming a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). These network nodes perform acquisition, collection and analysis of data, such as temperature and soil moisture. Such data can be employed to automate the irrigation process in agriculture while decreasing water consumption, resulting in monetary and environmental benefits. The high storage and processing capabilities, the rapid elasticity and payper-use characteristics makes Cloud Computing an attractive solution to the large amount of data generated by the WSN. This paper proposes and evaluates on a real deployment a cloud-based Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network (WSAN) communication system. This solution monitors and controls a set of sensors and actuators, respectively, to assess plants water needs.
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the 5′-Flanking Region of the Sprague-Dawley Rat Thrombomodulin Gene (1999)

The 5'-flanking region of the rat thrombomodulin gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of adaptor-ligated rat genomic DNA fragment libraries, using primers derived from the coding sequences of the thrombomodulin cDNA and adaptor primers. By sequence analysis putative regulatory elements in the promoter domain were shown to include a TATA box and several conserved binding sites for stimulatory protein 1 (SP1) and activator protein 2 (AP2). The transcription factor activator protein 1 (AP1) binding site located in the 5'-flanking region may serve as a negative gene regulatory site for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). A potential retinoic acid response element (RARE) and a possible cAMP response element are located in the putative promoter region, suggesting a role for retinoic acid and cAMP in the induction of thrombomodulin gene expression. The rat thrombomodulin gene promoter sequence shows 89% homology to that of mouse and 77% homology to that of human.
Correlation of immunogenicity and production of ornithine by peritoneal macrophages. (1987)

The release of ornithine by macrophages and its correlation with their immunogenicity after treatment with various macrophage-stimulating substances were analyzed. Pristane-elicited peritoneal macrophages (PM) were found to express strong arginase activity and to release L-ornithine into the extracellular space. This activity is strongly reduced within 3 hr after treatment with tetradecanoylphorbol acetate (TPA) but not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Resident PM usually express little arginase activity, but this activity is markedly augmented within 24 or 48 hr after treatment with LPS. The release of ornithine by peritoneal cells (PC) (60 to 90% macrophages) was found to be correlated with their immunogenicity as determined by the in vivo immunization for a subsequent in vitro secondary cytotoxic response against minor H antigens. The immunogenicity of pristane-elicited PC is markedly stronger than that of resident PC or TPA-treated, pristane-elicited PC. Moreover, the immunogenicity of the resident PC and TPA-treated elicited PC is substantially augmented by the simultaneous injection of ornithine, whereas the immunogenicity of the untreated elicited PC is not further augmented by exogenous ornithine, indicating that the endogenous production of ornithine by the stimulating cells had a strong influence on the resulting immune response. Injection of glutathione into pristane-treated mice also reduces the ornithine production and immunogenicity of the resulting peritoneal exudate cells. The immunogenicity in this case is at least partly reconstituted by application of exogenous ornithine. Our experiments revealed no correlation between the production of ornithine and prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 production of resident and pristane-elicited PC is not markedly different and is in either case strongly augmented by TPA. Elicited or resident PM which have been incubated for several days in culture release practically no ornithine; but ornithine production can be induced again by incubation for 24 hr with LPS and to some extent also with interferon-gamma.
Detection of electric arcs in 42-volt automotive systems (2003)

The increasing demand of electrical power in today&apos;s automobile has led to the research and development of a new 42 V standard. One danger at this new voltage is stable electrical arcing. At the higher voltage, stable electric arcs do not self extinguish and can cause damage to the arcing conductors and cause a fire. This work evaluates possible methods to use to detect and stop electrical arcing before any major damage can occur to the vehicle and more importantly to the passengers. Electronic detection is proposed as the best approach. Arcing current of stable and unstable arcs at-42 V and-14 V are produced by the rebuilt apparatus of a previous MIT experiment that used a motor controlled mechanical switch to periodically energize a conductor to produce stable and unstable arcs. Fourier analysis is performed on the measured current waveforms to look for arc signatures in the frequency domain. Fourier analysis on the average of ten spectra of stable arcs showed that there were no consistent features universally present in stable arcs. Current waveforms of real electrical loads are also measured using electrical accessories (windows,door locks, seat adjustment, lights, sunroof, CD changer, radiator cooling fan) on an electrically operational
[Review of] Fran Leeper Buss, La Partera: Story of a Midwife (1981)

La Partera is the story of Jesusita Aragén, one of the last traditional midwives of northeastern New Mexico, as written from recorded interviews between the author and Jesusita. Before telling Jesusita's account of her own life, the author introduces the reader geographically, historically, and culturally to the area of San Miguel County and its main city of Las Vegas. Buss clearly shows her love and understanding of this region where she and her husband served as United Church of Christ ministers in 1975. She writes, ”the weather is dominated by striking turquoise skies and a brilliant, penetrating sun” (p. 2) and describes the area as "a largely rural county which straddles the forested mountains, the foothills and the plains.” (p. 4) She states that the majority of the people in west Las Vegas are Hispanic New Mexican, touching on the Hispanic settlement, religious customs, and health care practices of the region. At the turn of the century, curanderas, médicas, and parteras, a female network, delivered health care to the area until the early 1930s, when Anglo medical personnel, again mostly women, began to take over these services.
Difference in the Role of Loss of Heterozygosity at 10p15 (KLF6 Locus) in Colorectal Carcinogenesis between Sporadic and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis and Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer Patients (2006)

The present data suggest that LOH of the KLF6 locus at chromosome 10p15 contributes to the invasion step from an intramucosal carcinoma to an invasive carcinoma specifically in sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis, but is rarely involved in the carcinogenesis of FAP and HNPCC cases. Moreover, the absence of somatic mutations suggests the uncertainty of the KLF6 gene as a classical tumor suppressor gene at the lost 10p15 region in colorectal carcinogenesis.
Coplanar waveguide transitions to slotline: design and microprobe characterization (1993)

Three types of coplanar waveguide/slotline baluns, suitable for monolithic integrated circuits, are designed and characterized to 40 GHz, using microwave wafer probes. The results from each are compared, and methods of biasing the slotline discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>