gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of Chemokine Secretion and Enhancement of Contact-Dependent Macrophage Cytotoxicity by Engineered Expression of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2000)

We investigated the role of tumor cell-derived GM-CSF in recruitment and tumoricidal activation of tissue macrophages. Transfection of the murine GM-CSF gene into KM12SM human colon cancer cells decreased the tumorigenicity of transfected cells and nontransfected bystander colon cancer cells in nude mice. Sequential tissue sections from sites injected with high GM-CSF-producing tumor cells (but not from nontransfected or low GM-CSF-producing cells) demonstrated a dense infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN), followed by infiltration of macrophages, which correlated with expression of the macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in mouse PMN and macrophages. GM-CSF-producing KM12SM cells were highly sensitive to lysis by mouse macrophages and also increased macrophage-mediated lysis of bystander nontransfected KM12SM cells. The incubation of macrophages with GM-CSF induced expression of the CD11b surface adhesion molecule, which was associated with increased attachment to tumor cells. All KM12SM cells were sensitive to macrophage-mediated lysis in the presence of rGM-CSF and recombinant MCP-1. Collectively, the results demonstrate that tumor cell-derived GM-CSF stimulates PMN and macrophages to secrete macrophage-inflammatory protein-1alpha and MCP-1, which triggers recruitment of mononuclear cells, induces expression of adhesion molecules on macrophages, and enhances contact-dependent cytolysis of tumor cells.
Electroencephalography (<scp>EEG</scp>)‐Based Brain–Computer Interfaces (2015)

Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) are systems that can translate the brain activity patterns of a user into messages or commands for an interactive application. The brain activity that is processed by the BCI systems is usually measured using electroencephalography (EEG). In this article, we aim at providing an accessible and up‐to‐date overview of EEG‐based BCI, with a main focus on its engineering aspects. We notably introduce some basic neuroscience background, and explain how to design an EEG‐based BCI, in particular reviewing which signal processing, machine learning, and software and hardware tools to use. We present BCI applications, highlight some limitations of current systems, and suggest some perspectives for the field.
Location of structural sections from within a highly distorted complex line drawing (2005)

Complex and highly distorted line drawings are produced by subjects attempting the Rey Complex Figure test, a clinical test of neuropsychological assessment. However, the marking scheme conventionally employed can be subjective and unreliable. In this paper, the first stages in automating this scoring system are investigated using a robust technique to locate a reduced set of scoring sections and a knowledge-based system that employs spatial metrics and fuzzy approximation techniques. Testing the technique using clinical data produced encouraging results that support the argument that this is a feasible approach for implementing a fully automated system, and that in its current state, can be immediately applied in a semi-automated system.
A Combination of DPCM and Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation for the Encoding of 34 Mbit/s Colour TV Signals (Part I) (1988)

Article A Combination of DPCM and Motion-Compensated Frame Interpolation for the Encoding of 34 Mbit/s Colour TV Signals (Part I) was published on August 1, 1988 in the journal Frequenz (volume 42, issue 8).
How the Order of Response Options in a Running Tally Can Affect Online Survey Estimates (2011)

In online surveys, running tallies or constant sums are used with number boxes to help respondents sum up amounts to exactly 100 percent, 24 hours, etc. The cumulative total is displayed on screen and updated as numbers are successively entered. This is a feature unique to online surveys. In this paper, we conduct an experiment with running tallies and focus on order effects. We hypothesize the order of response options could affect reported values. Specifically, we expect to observe primacy effects, with the first response option receiving larger values than response options that follow.
Oxidative Stress Signaling in Alzheimers Disease (2008)

Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that oxidative stress is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD), occurring prior to cytopathology, and therefore may play a key pathogenic role in AD. Oxidative stress not only temporally precedes the pathological lesions of the disease but also activates cell signaling pathways, which, in turn, contribute to lesion formation and, at the same time, provoke cellular responses such as compensatory upregulation of antioxidant enzymes found in vulnerable neurons in AD. In this review, we provide an overview of the evidence of oxidative stress and compensatory responses that occur in AD, particularly focused on potential sources of oxidative stress and the roles and mechanism of activation of stress-activated protein kinase pathways.
Yeast hexokinases. VII. Essential and nonessential thiols of yeast hexokinase. Reactions with iodoacetate and iodoacetamide (1975)

The reaction of yeast hexokinase with iodoacetate or iodoacetamide has been investigated in detail, using pure hexodinase B. Of the four thiols in each subunit of the molecule, two (the "apparently essential thiols") are alkylated rapidly at 35 degrees, and the enzymic activity is lost in parallel with their reaction. The other two thiols react subsequently to completion, but at a very much slower rate. In the conditions use, no other uptake of the reagent occurs elsewhere during these thiol alkylations. Electrophoretically homogeneous kialkylated and tetraalkylated protein species are formed, in the two stages of the reaction. The inactivating reaction at 35 degrees with the apparently essential thiols is second order. The rate constant increases with increasing pH, in the range pH 7.0-8.5, in a manner consistent with control of the reaction by a group with pKa of approximately 10. The absolute (pH independent) rate constant is of the same order as that for a normal thiol in model compounds. The availability of the apparently essential thiols appears to be associated with some conformational change in the molecule in the monomer form: it declines at high ionic strengths, is maximal at intermediate values where the dimer first dissociates, but is lowered in the dimer at very low ionic strengths. The reaction also shows a sharp temperature dependence: the dimer at 30 degrees (in constrast to 35 degrees) shows no availability of the apparently essential thiols. A similar transition to a state permitting fast inactivation is found with pH, above pH 8.5. The reaction of the two apparently essential thiols is strongly inhibited by glucose. ATP and ADP, and their Mg complexes, protect significantly, but less effectively than does glucose. The affinities of these substrates at the active site of the enzyme are measured in this protection system. These various reactions appear to be of value for identifying the cysteine-containing regions that are involved in the active center or in its maintenance in the structure.
Medicinal Foodstuffs. XXXI. Structures of New Aromatic Constituents and Inhibitors of Degranulation in RBL-2H3 Cells from a Japanese Folk Medicine, the Stem Bark of Acer nikoense. (2003)

Four new aromatic constituents, rhododendroketoside, (-)-sakuraresinoside, acernikol, and nikoenoside, were isolated from a Japanese folk medicine, the stem bark of Acer nikoense MAXIM. The structures of the new constituents were determined on the basis of chemical and physicochemical evidence. The principle cyclic diarylheptanoids were found to show inhibitory effects on the release of beta-hexosaminidase in RBL-2H3 cells.
Performance and Mechanism of Poly-Ferric Sulfate for Phosphorus Removal in Drinking Water Treatment (2009)

The performance and mechanism of poly-ferric sulfate (PFS) coagulant for phosphorus removal in drinking water treatment was researched. The test showed that the proportion of particulate phosphorus to total phosphorus was about 60% in Zhuan river in Beijing. Coagulation experimental result showed that the more poly-ferric sulfate coagulant dosage was added in raw water, the better effect of phosphorus removal was obtained. The phosphorus removal efficiency was up to the highest with PFS dosage added at 40 mg/T, and the color was down to the lowest with dosage added at 30 mg/T. Under the condition of pH 3.5~7, the best result was obtained for phosphorus removal, and the effect changed to worse when pH was beyond this scale.
Long‐term progestin‐only contraception in humans versus animal models (2011)

Abnormal uterine bleeding is the leading indication for discontinuation of long-term progestin-only contraceptives. Histological sections of endometria from long-term progestin-treated patients display abnormally enlarged blood vessels that are prone to bleed in a nonuniform manner. Because it has been complex to attain patients willing to complete long-term studies, and good quality endometrial tissues have proven difficult to obtain, animal models have been used to obviate this problem. In this review, we describe these models including the guinea pig, an animal model we have previously investigated, to assess the mechanisms involved in abnormal uterine bleeding following long-term progestin-only contraception.
Intrinsic activity of the non‐prostanoid thromboxane A<sub>2</sub>receptor antagonist, daltroban (BM 13,505), in human platelets<i>in vitro</i>and in the rat vasculature<i>in vivo</i> (1995)

1. We evaluated the effects of daltroban on (i) human platelet shape change and aggregation in vitro, and (ii) mean systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures (MAP and MPAP, respectively) as well as haematocrit, in anaesthetized, open-chest Sprague-Dawley rats, compared with those of a chemically distinct prostanoid thromboxane A2 (TxA2) receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548, and agonist, U-46619. 2. In human platelets in vitro, daltroban (10 nM-100 microM; n = 6 per group) concentration-dependently induced shape change, attaining at 50 microM, a maximum amplitude of 0.83 +/- 0.09 mV representing 46.4 +/- 4.8% of that evoked by U-46619 (1.78 +/- 0.20 mV at 0.2 microM; n = 9); and inhibited U-46619-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 77 (41-161)nM. SQ 29,548 (10 nM-100 microM; n = 6 per group) failed to evoke any platelet shape change, but potently inhibited U-46619-induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 < 10 nM. 3. In anaesthetized rats in vivo, daltroban (10-2500 micrograms kg-1, i.v. infused over 2 min; n = 4-8 per group) produced a bell-shaped dose-response curve for MPAP and haematocrit, and evoked maximal increases of 12.7 +/- 2.1 mmHg and 5.8 +/- 1.5% at 80 micrograms kg-1 (n = 6) and 630 micrograms kg-1 (n = 8), respectively (both P < 0.05) with ED50s of 20 (16-29) and 217 (129-331) micrograms kg-1, respectively. By comparison, U-46619(0.16-20 microg kg-1, i.v.), induced dose-dependent increases in MPAP and haematocrit (25.4 +/- 1.0 mmHg and 16.1 +/- 2.9% at the highest dose; n = 12, both P<0.01), with ED50s of 1.8 (1.3-2.5) and 3.9(3.5- 5.4) microg kg- 1, respectively. Daltroban dose-dependently increased MAP with a maximum amplitude of 42.2 +/- 4.4 mmHg at a dose of 80 microg kg-1 [ED50 = 94 (64-125) microg kg-1], similar to that induced by U-46619 (41.3 +/- 9.6 mmHg) at a dose of 0.63 microg kg-1 [ED50= 0.22 (0.13-0.24) microg kg-1]. SQ 29,548(10-2500 microg kg-1, i.v.; n =4 per group) failed to modify significantly any of these parameters.4. Our results clearly demonstrate that daltroban, in a similar manner to the TxA2 analogue, U-46619,but unlike the TxA2 receptor antagonist, SQ 29,548, exhibits significant intrinsic activity in human platelets in vitro and in the rat vasculature in vivo, possibly through TxA2 receptor activation.
Analysis of Core Housekeeping and Virulence Genes Reveals Cryptic Lineages of<i>Clostridium perfringens</i>That Are Associated With Distinct Disease Presentations (2006)

Clostridium perfringens is an important human and animal pathogen that causes a number of diseases that vary in their etiology and severity. Differences between strains regarding toxin gene composition and toxin production partly explain why some strains cause radically different diseases than others. However, they do not provide a complete explanation. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a phylogenetic component that explains the variance in C. perfringens strain virulence by assessing patterns of genetic polymorphism in genes (colA gyrA, plc, pfoS, and rplL) that form part of the core genome in 248 type A strains. We found that purifying selection plays a central role in shaping the patterns of nucleotide substitution and polymorphism in both housekeeping and virulence genes. In contrast, recombination was found to be a significant factor only for the virulence genes plc and colA and the housekeeping gene gyrA. Finally, we found that the strains grouped into five distinct evolutionary lineages that show evidence of host adaptation and the early stages of speciation. The discovery of these previously unknown lineages and their association with distinct disease presentations carries important implications for human and veterinary clostridial disease epidemiology and provides important insights into the pathways through which virulence has evolved in C. perfringens.
Hereditary Acrodermatitis Enteropathica in an Adult (1980)

The condition of a 33-year-old woman who had a history of blisters following trauma on the hands, knees, and feet since 1 year of age previously had been diagnosed as epidermolysis bullosa. She also had psoriasiform plaques, a pustular crusted periorificial eruption, paronychia, alopecia, and photophobia. She had had minimal history of diarrhea. A markedly decreased serum zinc level was found, and treatment with zinc sulfate was instituted, resulting in clearing of all clinical manifestations. Since patients with hereditary acrodermatitis enteropathica may have minimal or no diarrhea and the correct diagnosis may be long delayed, the condition should not be considered strictly a disease of children.
<title>Increasing the discrimination of SAR recognition models</title> (2001)

The focus of this paper is optimizing recognition models for Synthetic Aperture Radar signatures of vehicles to improve the performance of a recognition algorithm under the extended operating conditions of target articulation, occlusion and configuration variants. The recognition models are based on quasi-invariant local features, scattering center locations and magnitudes. The approach determines the similarities and differences among the various vehicle models. Methods to penalize similar features or reward dissimilar features are used to increase the distinguishability of the recognition model instances. Extensive experimental recognition results are presented in terms of confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristic curves to show the improvements in recognition performance for MSTAR vehicle targets with articulation, configuration variants and occlusion.
The Optimal Software Licensing Policy under Quality Uncertainty. (2002)

The rapid rate of standard software development, and the need of users to stay current, has unleashed unprecedented levels of process and product innovations in the software industry. A new service model has emerged which delivers application software and services over the Web on a lease or subscription basis. Software vendors such as Sun, Oracle, and Microsoft have already adopted this innovative business model. They have expanded their sales offerings with lease contracts that augment their traditional one-time purchase transactions. Our paper studies the optimal licensing policy of a software vendor that uses that business model. We look at software vendors that are both selling (at a posted price) or leasing their products where as lessor they guarantee that the lessee will always have the latest version of the software on their desktop. We address some of the specific issues of implementing this policy at the packaged software market, including the impact of network externality, negligible marginal production costs, and upgrade compatibility. We show that by properly defining their pricing structure, software vendors can segment the market and realize effective second- degree price discrimination and show how and when software vendors can maximize their profits through the use of this new licensing policy.
Hydrophilic polyelectrolyte gels by inverse suspension (1990)

Abstract This paper is devoted to the synthesis and characterization of highly hydrophilic polymer gels based on acrylic monomers. These superabsorbant polymeric materials (SAPs) were prepared by polymerization of an aqueous solution of monomers dispersed in a continuous organic phase. This inverse suspension process (I.S) was carried out in cyclohexane, the aqueous dispersed mixture containing acrylic acid, partially neutralised, at a given crosslinker/monomer ratio. The dispersion is stabilized by the introduction of a surfactant like SPAN 80. Due to an almost complete lack of available scientific knowledge, it was necessary to perform a basic study covering the influence of the main parameters driving the behaviour of SAPs, especially maximum swelling and absorption kinetics. Further influence of crosslinking density, initial monomer concentration and process conditions have been studied on the base of a model recipe. These results led to optimisation of swelling and absorption behaviour, using various kinds of monomer species and different polymerization conditions.
Calculating Project Management's Return on Investment (2000)

This paper describes a procedure that can help managers measure their return on investment for project management (PM/ROI). Current PM processes and practices of 38 different companies and government agencies in 4 different industries or application areas were quantitatively examined. A PM benchmarking procedure was developed and used to assess the PM process maturity of these different organizations. A 5-level Berkeley PM process maturity model is introduced. This information is used to measure the relative sophistication and maturity of different organizations and industries.
Securing cloud computing environment against DDoS attacks (2012)

Cloud computing is becoming one of the next IT industry buzz word. However, as cloud computing is still in its infancy, current adoption is associated with numerous challenges like security, performance, availability, etc. In cloud computing where infrastructure is shared by potentially millions of users, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks have the potential to have much greater impact than against single tenanted architectures. This paper tested the efficiency of a cloud trace back model in dealing with DDoS attacks using back propagation neural network and finds that the model is useful in tackling Distributed Denial of Service attacks.
Prediction of Assembly Variation During Early Design (2009)

This paper presents the methods to move assembly variation analysis into early stages of aircraft development where critical partitioning, sourcing, and production decisions are often made for component parts that have not yet been designed. Our goal is to identify and develop variation prediction methods that can precede detailed geometric design and make estimates accurate enough to uncover major assembly risks. With this information in hand, design and/or manufacturing modifications can be made prior to major supplier and production commitments. In addition to estimation of the overall variation, the most significant contributors to assembly variation are also identified. In this paper, a generic framework for prediction of assembly variation has been developed. An efficient, top-down approach has been adopted. Instead of taking measurement everywhere, the variation analysis starts with airplane level requirements (e.g., load capabilities and orientation of horizontal/vertical stabilizers), and then assembly requirements (mainly geometric dimensioning and tolerancing callouts, quantifiable in quality control) are derived. Next the contributors to a particular assembly requirement are identified through data flow chain analysis. Finally, the major contributors are further characterized through a sensitivity study of metamodels or 3D variation analysis models. A case study of a vertical fin has been used to demonstrate the validity of the proposed framework. Multiple prediction methods have been studied and their applicability to variation analysis discussed. Simplified design simulation method and metamodel methods have been tested and the results are reported. Comparisons between methods have been made to demonstrate the flexibility of the analysis framework, as well as the utility of the prediction methods. The results of a demonstration test case study for vertical fin design were encouraging with modeling methods coming within 15% of deviation compared with the detailed design simulation.
<title>SHSG processing for three-wavelength HOEs recording in silver halide materials</title> (2002)

The recording and processing technique for color HOEs in ultrafine-grain panchromatic silver halide emulsions is presented. It is possible to obtain high diffraction efficiency employing the silver halide sensitized gelatin (SHSG) process. SHSG holograms are similar to holograms recorded in dichromated gelatin (DCG). The drawback of DCG is its low sensitivity and limited spectral response. Panchromatic silver halide materials from Slavich can be processed in such a way that the final holograms have properties like a DCG hologram. The processing method or microvoid technique has been optimized for three laser- wavelength recordings in Slavich PFG-03C emulsion. For example, applying this new processing technique high- efficiency white holographic reflectors can be manufactured. The technique is also suitable for producing efficiency color display holograms. In particular, masters for mass production of color holograms or color HOEs can be performed by contact-copying into photopolymer materials because the reconstruction wavelengths are identical to the recording wavelengths.
Heat Transfer to Boiling Methanol Effect of Added Agents (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeat Transfer to Boiling Methanol Effect of Added AgentsA. J. Lowery and J. W. WestwaterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 9, 1445–1448Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50573a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50573a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views251Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts