gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A SYMMETRICAL DUAL-BAND TERAHERTZ METAMATERIAL WITH CRUCIFORM AND SQUARE LOOPS (2012)

A symmetrical terahertz metamaterial for dual-band operation is designed and fabricated. The proposed metamaterial is composed of periodically arranged cruciform and square metal loops. Due to the symmetrical structure, this metamaterial is insensitive with the polarization of the incident wave. Transmission and re∞ection characteristics of the proposed structure are simulated using Ansoft HFSS, and the negative permittivity is flgured out in 378{500GHz and 626{677GHz bands. The designed sample is fabricated on a gallium arsenide layer, and experiments are performed in Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy. The experimental results agree well with the simulations.
Metal-Organic Frameworks for Cultural Heritage Preservation: The Case of Acetic Acid Removal (2018)

The removal of low concentrations of acetic acid from indoor air at museums poses serious preservation problems that the current adsorbents cannot easily address owing to their poor affinity for acetic acid and/or their low adsorption selectivity versus water. In this context, a series of topical water-stable metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with different pore sizes, topologies, hydrophobic characters, and functional groups was explored through a joint experimental-computational exploration. We demonstrate how a subtle combination of sufficient hydrophobicity and optimized host-guest interactions allows one to overcome the challenge of capturing traces of this very polar volatile organic compound in the presence of humidity. The optimal capture of acetic acid was accomplished with MOFs that do not show polar groups in the inorganic node or have lipophilic but polar (e.g., perfluoro) groups functionalized to the organic linkers, that is, the best candidates from the list of explored MOFs are MIL-140B and UiO-66-2CF<sub>3</sub>. These two MOFs present the appropriate pore size to favor a high degree of confinement, together with organic spacers that allow an enhancement of the van der Waals interactions with the acetic acid. We establish in this work that MOFs can be a viable solution to this highly challenging problem in cultural heritage protection, which is a new field of application for this type of hybrid materials.
A Cluster of <i>Antennapedia</i> -Class Homeobox Genes in a Nonsegmented Animal (1991)

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Crowd, the Teaching Assistant: Educational Assessment Crowdsourcing (2013)

We propose a novel educational assessment method to enhance teachers' productivity using crowdsourcing and clustering technique.
DOSE ESTIMATE OF INHALED HAFNIUM TRITIDE USING THE ICRP 66 LUNG MODEL (2002)

Metal tritide is widely used for research, purification, compression, and storage of tritium. The current understanding of metal tritide and its radiation dosimetry for internal exposure is limited, and ICRP publications do not provide the tritium dosimetry for hafnium tritide. The current radiation protection guidelines for metal tritide particles (including hafnium tritide) are based on the assumption that their biological behavior is similar to tritiated water, which is completely absorbed by the body. However, the solubility of metal tritide particles depends on the chemical form of the material. The biological half-live of hafnium tritide particles and the dosimetry of an inhalation exposure to those particles could be quite different from tritiated water. This paper describes experiments on the dissolution rate of hafnium tritide particles in a simulated lung fluid. The results showed that less than 1% of the tritium was dissolved in the simulated lung fluid for hafnium tritide particles after 215 d. The short-term and long-term dissolution half times were 46 and 4.28 x 10(5) d, respectively. This indicates that hafnium tritide is an extremely insoluble material. Self-absorption of beta rays in the hafnium tritide particles was estimated by a numerical method. The dose coefficients were calculated as a function of particle size using in vitro solubility data and a calculated self-absorption factor. The dose coefficient decreased with aerodynamic diameters in the range of 0.25 to 10 microm, mainly because the self-absorption factor decreased with increasing particle size. For a particle 1 microm in aerodynamic diameter, the dose coefficient of a hafnium tritide particle was about 10 times higher than that of tritiated water but was about 1.4 times lower than that calculated by ICRP Publication 71 for Type S tritiated particles. The ICRP estimate did not include a self-absorption factor and thus might have overestimated the dose. This finding has significant implications for current health protection guidelines.
Integration of evolutionary and desolvation energy analysis identifies functional sites in a plant immunity protein (2009)

Plant immune responses often depend on leucine-rich repeat receptors that recognize microbe-associated molecular patterns or pathogen-specific virulence proteins, either directly or indirectly. When the recognition is direct, a molecular arms race takes place where plant receptors continually and rapidly evolve in response to virulence factor evolution. A useful model system to study ligand-receptor coevolution dynamics at the protein level is represented by the interaction between pathogen-derived polygalacturonases (PGs) and plant polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs). We have applied codon substitution models to PGIP sequences of different eudicotyledonous families to identify putative positively selected sites and then compared these sites with the propensity of protein surface residues to interact with protein partners, based on desolvation energy calculations. The 2 approaches remarkably correlated in pinpointing several residues in the concave face of the leucine-rich repeat domain. These residues were mutated into alanine and their effect on the recognition of several PGs was tested, leading to the identification of unique hotspots for the PGIP-PG interaction. The combined approach used in this work can be of general utility in cases where structural information about a pattern-recognition receptor or resistance-gene product is available.
Oxidative stability of soybean oil fatty acid methyl esters by oil stability index (OSI) (2005)

Abstract Biodiesel, an alternative diesel fuel derived from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats, is composed of saturated and unsaturated long‐chain FA alkyl esters. During long‐term storage, oxidation caused by contact with air (autoxidation) presents a legitimate concern with respect to monitoring and maintaining fuel quality. Extensive oxidative degradation may compromise quality by adversely affecting kinematic viscosity, acid value, or PV. This work examines the oil stability index (OSI) as a parameter for monitoring the oxidative stability of soybean oil FAME (SME). SME samples from five separate sources and with varying storage and handling histories were analyzed for OSI at 60°C using an oxidative stability instrument. Results showed that OSI may be used to measure relative oxidative stability of SME samples as well as to differentiate between samples from different producers. Although addition of α‐tocopherol or TBHQ increased OSI, responses to these antioxidants varied with respect to SME sample. Variations in response to added antioxidant were attributed to aging and other effects that may have caused oxidative degradation in samples prior to acquisition for this study. Results showed that OSI was more sensitive than iodine value in detecting the effects of oxidative degradation in its early stages when monitoring SME during storage.
Update on Treatment Strategies for Obesity (2013)

Obesity is a disease that is defined as the accumulation of excessive amounts of body fat and is associated with increased risk of serious illness, disability, and death. In clinical practice, obesity is best assessed by calculating body mass index and measuring waist circumference. Treatment options are determined based on the body mass index, waist circumference, and adverse health consequences the patient is experiencing or is at an increased risk for facing in the future. Today, overweight and obesity impacts the majority of patients we treat in our clinical practices. Although endocrinologists are uniquely positioned to treat one of the major consequences of our current obesity epidemic, type 2 diabetes, we also need to be positioned and prepared to effectively treat one of its major causes-obesity. Type 2 diabetes and obesity are very much intertwined. Treatment of each disease affects the other. For these reasons, endocrinologists need to be experts in the treatment of obesity as well as diabetes. They should keep up with advances in obesity treatment including lifestyle, pharmaceutical, and surgical strategies. These strategies offer opportunities for improving the overall treatment for our obese patients today and will continue to improve and expand over the next decade.
Untethered Miniature Soft Robots: Modeling and Design of a Millimeter-Scale Swimming Magnetic Sheet (2018)

The actuation and control of miniature soft robots are challenging problems due to their limited onboard space and flexible bodies. Smart magnetic materials are promising candidates to address these challenges since they can be powered and guided remotely by magnetic field for functionalities, such as swimming, grasping, and pumping. In this study, we program an undulatory swimming gait into a small rectangular sheet that is made of a flexible magnetic homogeneous composite. The sheet bears a sinusoidal magnetization profile throughout its body and deforms into undulatory shapes in a rotating uniform magnetic field that aligns with its length. The traveling wave-like deformation of the sheet interacts with the surrounding liquid and propels the sheet in a bidirectional nonholonomic swimming gait. Previous studies on this sheet were not able to model the deformation accurately or characterize the swimming systematically due to a lack of understanding of the underlying physical principles involved. For the first time, we develop a model from underlying physical principles to explain and predict the sheet deformation, which enables it to swim at air-water interfaces and generate propulsive forces under water with an additional stiff frame. The swimming capability and maneuverability of the millimeter-scale sheet are demonstrated in experiments, and its swimming performances in various scenarios are characterized quantitatively. The soft swimming sheet can potentially be used for microrobotic tasks, such as delivering cargo or transporting individual cells in poorly accessible workspaces.
Hands Off: A History of the Monroe Doctrine (1941)

Hands Off: A History of the Monroe Doctrine. By Dexter Perkins. (Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1941.xii + 455 pp. Illustrations and bibliography. $3.50.) Get access Julian P. Bretz Julian P. Bretz Cornell University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 28, Issue 2, September 1941, Pages 280–281, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896253 Published: 01 September 1941
Defective carotid body function and impaired ventilatory responses to chronic hypoxia in mice partially deficient for hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (2002)

To investigate whether the transcriptional activator hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is required for ventilatory responses to hypoxia, we analyzed mice that were either wild type or heterozygous for a loss-of-function (knockout) allele at the Hif1a locus, which encodes the O(2)-regulated HIF-1 alpha subunit. Although the ventilatory response to acute hypoxia was not impaired in Hif1a(+/-) mice, the response was primarily mediated via vagal afferents, whereas in wild-type mice, carotid body chemoreceptors played a predominant role. When carotid bodies isolated from wild-type mice were exposed to either cyanide or hypoxia, a marked increase in sinus nerve activity was recorded, whereas carotid bodies from Hif1a(+/-) mice responded to cyanide but not to hypoxia. Histologic analysis revealed no abnormalities of carotid body morphology in Hif1a(+/-) mice. Wild-type mice exposed to hypoxia for 3 days manifested an augmented ventilatory response to a subsequent acute hypoxic challenge. In contrast, prior chronic hypoxia resulted in a diminished ventilatory response to acute hypoxia in Hif1a(+/-) mice. Thus partial HIF-1 alpha deficiency has a dramatic effect on carotid body neural activity and ventilatory adaptation to chronic hypoxia.
A new device for the safe delivery of stainless steel coils. (1980)

A new device for the safe delivery of the Gianturco stainless steel coils is described, which can be selectively placed in a predetermined area.
PGPR and entomopathogenic fungus bioformulation for the synchronous management of leaffolder pest and sheath blight disease of rice (2010)

The combination of P. fluorescens strains and B. bassiana isolate effectively reduced the incidence of leaffolder insect and sheath blight disease on rice plants and showed the possibility of controlling both pest and disease using a single bioformulation.
Sharing data through confidential clouds: an architectural perspective (2015)

Cloud and mobile are two major computing paradigms that are rapidly converging. However, these models still lack a way to manage the dissemination and control of personal and business-related data. To this end, we propose a framework to control the sharing, dissemination and usage of data based on mutually agreed Data Sharing Agreements (DSAs). These agreements are enforced uniformly, and end-to-end, both on Cloud and mobile platforms, and may reflect legal, contractual or user-defined preferences. We introduce an abstraction layer that makes available the enforcement functionality across different types of nodes whilst hiding the distribution of components and platform specifics. We also discuss a set of different types of nodes that may run such a layer.
Effects of aging on titanium implants inserted into the tibiae of female rats using light microscopy, SEM, and image processing (1997)

We examined the influence of aging on the implant-bone interface of titanium implants inserted transcortically and extending into the medullary canal of rat tibiae, and quantitatively assessed the differences in bone reaction using an image processing system. Three groups of 15 female rats, aged 6 weeks (young group), 22 weeks (adult group), and 80 weeks (old group) were used in this experiment. The animals were sacrificed 28 days after implant placement. Toluidine blue stained undecalcified sections were prepared for histological observation and image analysis, and the implant socket was observed by SEM. There was no difference in the degree of maturation of newly formed bone between the young and adult groups. Titanium implants inserted in the young and adult groups were surrounded with a bone layer. In the old group, however, there was little mature bone tissue around the implants. Quantitative evaluation indicated that the young group showed the highest, the adult group showed a slightly lower, and the old group showed the lowest percent bone contact, thickness of bone contact, and area of bone surrounding the implant.
Multi-Organ Characterization of Mitochondrial Genomic Rearrangements in Ad Libitum and Caloric Restricted Mice Show Striking Somatic Mitochondrial DNA Rearrangements with Age (1997)

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) rearrangements have been shown to accumulate with age in the post-mitotic tissues of a variety of animals and have been hypothesized to result in the age-related decline of mitochondrial bioenergetics leading to tissue and organ failure. Caloric restriction in rodents has been shown to extend life span supporting an association between bioenergetics and senescence. In the present study, we use full length mtDNA amplification by long-extension polymerase chain reaction (LX-PCR) to demonstrate that mice accumulate a wide variety of mtDNA rearrangements with age in post mitotic tissues. Similarly, using an alternative PCR strategy, we have found that 2-4 kb minicircles containing the origin of heavy-strand replication accumulate with age in heart but not brain. Analysis of mtDNA structure and conformation by Southern blots of unrestricted DNA resolved by field inversion gel electrophoresis have revealed that the brain mtDNAs of young animals contain the traditional linear, nicked, and supercoiled mtDNAs while old animals accumulate substantial levels of a slower migrating species we designate age-specific mtDNAs. In old caloric restricted animals, a wide variety of rearranged mtDNAs can be detected by LX-PCR in post mitotic tissues, but Southern blots of unrestricted DNA reveals a marked reduction in the levels of the age- specific mtDNA species. These observations confirm that mtDNA mutations accumulate with age in mice and suggest that caloric restriction impedes this progress.
Asynchronous Event Based Vision: Algorithms and Applications to Microrobotics (2013)

The dynamic vision sensor (DVS) is a silicon retina prototype that records only scene contrast changes in the form of stream of events, thus naturally excluding the redundant background absolute gray levels. In this context, numerous high speed asynchronous event based vision algorithms have been developed and their advantages over frame based processing methods have been compared. In haptic feedback teleoperated micromanipulation, vision is a sound candidate for force estimation if the position-force model is well established. The sampling frequency, however, needs to attain 1KHz to allow a transparent and reliable tactile sensation and to ensure system stability. The event based vision has thus been applied to provide the needed force feedback for two micromanipulation applications: Haptic feedback teleoperation of optical tweezers; Haptic virtual assistance in microgripper based micromanipulation. The results show that the haptic frequency requirement of 1KHz has successfully been achieved. For the first application, high speed particle position detection algorithms have been developed and validated. A three-dimensional haptic feedback system capable of manipulating multiple-trap optical tweezers has been realized. In the second application, a novel event based shape registration algorithm capable of tracking arbitrary form object has been developed to track a piezoelectric microgripper. The stability of the system has been significantly enhanced to assist operators in performing complex micromanipulation tasks.
Biological Variation in Variables Associated with Exercise Training (2003)

To be able to identify a training induced change in a certain variable, it is necessary to know the background variation. In this study the coefficient of variation (total, between-subjects, within-subjects), the relative sources of variance (between-subjects and within-subjects), and the critical difference (within-subjects) were estimated in four categories of variables (performance and physiological variables, metabolic and hormonal variables, immunological variables, and mood state variables) in 15 moderately trained male runners measured on three different occasions over a period of 7 weeks. In the performance and physiological variables, 78.9 % of the variance was due to variation between subjects and they had the lowest critical difference (11.9 %). In contrast, the metabolic and hormonal variables had the highest critical difference (59.9 %) and 53.4 % of the variance was due to variations within subjects. The immunological and psychological variables had about two thirds of the variance arising from variation between subjects. However, the critical difference for the immunological variables was high (47.4 %), while it was relatively low for the psychological variables (26.8 %). The low critical difference and variation within subjects of the psychological and in particular the performance and physiological variables indicate that they may be beneficial as primary markers of training induced changes.
Fabrication of Arrays of Nano-Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices Using a Double-Angle Processing Approach (2013)

Arrays of superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) from high-temperature superconductors such as YBCO have been shown to significantly improve the signal-to-noise ratio when compared to single SQUIDs from high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> material. This is based on the finding that the voltage response of a current biased array increases by the number of SQUID loops <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> , while the noise only increases as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> . It is therefore desirable to fabricate array structures with as many SQUIDs placed in series as possible. We present a fabrication technique for SQUID arrays based on ion-damage Josephson Junctions (JJ) that allows for creating virtually any SQUID-array design on any thin-film superconducting materials such as YBCO or MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The fabrication employs electron beam lithography (EBL) to write the SQUID-array, electrical contact pads and JJ fine lines in a single lithography step. It is performed on a thick trilayer structure that allows for high-aspect ratio features. The superior resolution of EBL makes SQUID loop diameters down to a few hundred nanometers possible. Subsequent high-energy ion-implantation creates the JJ. Using low-energy argon ion milling at an angle to the sample shadows the fine lines used for creation of the JJ and transfers the EBL-defined SQUID-array and electrical contact pads into the thin-film superconductor.
RUBIC: a multiprocessor for rule-based systems (1989)

It is shown how sequential production systems can be transformed into equivalent parallel forms by performing an analysis of rule interdependence. In the parallel production system model, rules fire simultaneously and the search space is reduced from the original form. A multiprocessor called RUBIC (rule-based inference computer) was designed to implement the parallel processing model. RUBIC has a message-passing architecture. The partitioning and mapping of production systems into the multiprocessor is achieved by optimizing a performance index such that inherent parallelism is maximized and interprocessor communication is minimized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Digital Predistortion for Wideband Power Amplifiers With Constrained Feedback Bandwidth (2013)

This letter presents a new digital predistortion (DPD) solution for wideband power amplifiers (PAs) with restricted feedback bandwidth and relatively low sampling rate. By integrating a microwave cavity filter into the feedback path, the feedback bandwidth is reduced efficiently. A PA parameter extraction method is then proposed to identify the PA model, using the bandwidth-constrained signals. By applying the extracted parameters to the direct learning architecture, the DPD function can be obtained, which can linearize nonlinear distortion over the sampling bandwidth. Experiments demonstrate that a 22 dB adjacent channel leakage ratio improvement is acquired for a 100 MHz Long Term Evolution-advanced signal, even when the feedback bandwidth is restricted from 500 MHz to 100 MHz, which remarkably reduces the ADC sampling rate from 1105.92 Msps to 368.64 Msps.