gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Programmable deterministic Built-In Self-Test (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new programmable deterministic built-in self-Test (BIST) method that requires significantly lower storage for deterministic patterns than existing programmable methods and provides high flexibility for test engineering in both internal and external test. Theoretical analysis suggests that significantly more care bits can be encoded in the seed of a linear feedback shift register (LFSR), if a limited number of conflicting equations is ignored in the employed linear equation system. The ignored care bits are separately embedded into the LFSR pattern. In contrast to known deterministic BIST schemes based on test set embedding, the embedding logic function is not hardwired. Instead, this information is stored in memory using a special compression and decompression method. Experiments for benchmark circuits and industrial designs demonstrate that the approach has considerably higher overall coding efficiency than the existing methods.
Joint Satellite Code and Carrier Tracking (2010)

Current GNSS receivers employ independent tracking loop for each received signal, i.e. every satellite and every frequency. With this receiver design a time consuming reacquisition is needed, whenever a signal is temporarily lost. By formulating the tracking process jointly for all signals, given the involved random processes, such as receiver movements, receiver clock and atmospherical effects, the spatial and spectral correlation of the signals can be exploited. The joint tracking method was tested in an airborne receiver during two stages of flight. In the comparison to a commercial receiver the joint tracking receiver shows its great potential by continuously tracking all signals. This led us to the conclusion that a joint
satellite code and carrier tracking receiver makes a GNSS receiver more robust, especially airborne receivers.
24‐hour <sup>51</sup>Cr post‐transfusion survival, <sup>51</sup>Cr life span and haemolysis of red blood cells stored at 4 °C for 56 days in AS‐3 (2001)

Whether collected manually or by apheresis, the outcomes were similar for RBC stored at 4 degrees C for 56 days in CP2D/AS-3.
Profile and Analysis of Gene Expression Changes during Early Development in Germinating Spores of<i>Ceratopteris richardii</i> (2005)

Analysis of an expressed sequence tag library with more than 5,000 sequences from spores of the fern Ceratopteris richardii reveals that more than 3,900 of them represent distinct genes, and almost 70% of these have significant similarity to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genes. Eight genes are common between three very different dormant plant systems, Ceratopteris spores, Arabidopsis seeds, and Arabidopsis pollen. We evaluated the pattern of mRNA abundance over the first 48 h of spore development using a microarray of cDNAs representing 3,207 distinct genes of C. richardii and determined the relative levels of RNA abundance for 3,143 of these genes using a Bayesian method of statistical analysis. More than 900 of them (29%) show a significant change between any of the five time points analyzed, and these have been annotated based on their sequence similarity with the Arabidopsis proteome. Novel data arising from these analyses identify genes likely to be critical for the germination and subsequent early development of diverse cells and tissues emerging from dormancy.
X-Ray Protection (1931)

Preface—Upon the suggestion of the secretaries of the International Safety Committee, Dr. G. W. C. Kaye and Dr. Stanley Melville, the Advisory Committee on X-ray and Radium Protection was formed in the United States for the purpose of preparing a unified set of safety recommendations. In order to have a committee not too cumbersome and yet thoroughly representative of the several phases of the art, two members were appointed by each radiological society, two by the manufacturers of X-ray equipment, and one by the American Medical Association. The presidents of the radiological societies were each asked to appoint one physicist and one radiologist. The members representing the manufacturers were selected by the manufacturers through nomination and ballot. The following members compose the Committee: Lauriston S. Taylor, representing the International Safety Committee and National Bureau of Standards. Henry K. Pancoast, M.D., University of Pennsylvania Hospital, and J. L. Weatherwax, M.A., Physicist, Philadelphia General Hospital, representing the American Roentgen Ray Society. R. R. Newell, M.D., Stanford University Hospital, San Francisco, and G. Failla, D.Sc, Physicist, Memorial Hospital, New York, representing the Radiological Society of North America. Francis Carter Wood, M.D., St. Luke's Hospital, New York, representing the American Medical Association. W. D. Coolidge, Ph.D., Associate Director, Research Laboratory, General Electric Company, Schenectady, New York, and W. S. Werner, Secretary, Kelley-Koett Manufacturing Company, Covington, Kentucky, representing X-ray equipment manufacturers. The Committee recognizes that future development of the art may require changes in these recommendations. Since the existence of the Committee is not permanent, it recommends that any future changes in these proposals be made by the National Bureau of Standards after consultation with proper and recognized committees. The recommendations of the Committee follow.
Test of Cross-Section Shape of Air-Liquid Interface in Microgrooves With Micro-PIV Method (2011)

Evaporation of liquid meniscus formed in microgrooves is associated with very high heat transfer rates, but the cross-section shape of air-liquid interface has a great influence to the heat transfer in microgrooves. But the real cross-section shape of interface in microgrooves is still unknown for us. In this work, the micro-PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method is used to test the cross-section shape of air-liquid interface in microgrooves. In the experiment, the camera is focus on different planes from top of the microgrooves to the bottom of the microgrooves. In each plane, we can see the boundary between the air and liquid through small particles added into the liquid. The positions of boundary in each plane for a given cross section are drawn in two-dimension coordinate. Then the cross-section shape of interface in microgrooves can be seen from the fitting curve. The results show that the cross-section shapes of the interface in microgrooves are not round, but polynomial curves. The curvature of interface in microgrooves changes along a single curve. Besides, the polynomial curves also vary along axial direction of the microgrooves. The variations are more obvious in vertical microgrooves than in horizontal microgrooves.
Hierarchical Timing Signoff in High Performance ASIC Design (2014)

HATS and it is application on a 16.77mm x 16.77mm 32nm chip (chip X) will be introduced in this paper. HATS stands for Hierarchical Abstract Timing Signoff. It is a new methodology used to perform timing signoff on an ASIC without the need to do full chip timing runs, which tend to have high memory requirements and long run times on large, complex ASICs. 80% memory and 70% run time are saved in chip X with HATS, with good STA quality.
Resveratrol Based Oral Nutritional Supplement Produces Long-Term Beneficial Effects on Structure and Visual Function in Human Patients (2014)

These three cases demonstrate that application of epigenetics has long-term efficacy against AMD retinal disease, when the retinal specialist has exhausted other therapeutic modalities.
Pose determination of circular cylinders using elliptical and side projections (1991)

The problem of finding the 3-D position and orientation of a circular cylinder using one view and known values of its radius and height is considered. Since a cylinder does not have uniquely matchable points or line features, traditional viewpoint recovery mathematics cannot be used. Instead, elliptical projection of the circular ends and straight-line projection of the cylinder sides can be used to calculate the cylinder position up to five degrees of freedom. It is shown that the viewpoint can be independently computed based on either the elliptical projection of the circular top or the straight-line projection of the cylinder sides.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real-Time Infrared Overtone Laser Control of Temperature in Picoliter H<sub>2</sub>O Samples: “Nanobathtubs” for Single Molecule Microscopy (2010)

An approach for high spatiotemporal control of aqueous sample temperatures in confocal microscopy is reported. This technique exploits near-IR diode-laser illumination to locally heat picoliter volumes of water via first-overtone excitation in the OH-stretch manifold. A thin water cell after the objective resonantly removes any residual IR light from the detection system, allowing for continuous observation of single-molecule fluorescence throughout the heating event. This technique is tested quantitatively by reproducing single-molecule RNA folding results obtained from "bulk" stage heating measurements. Calibration of sample temperatures is obtained from time-correlated single-photon counting studies of Rhodamine B fluorescence decay. We obtain an upper limit to the heating response time (τ(heat) < 20 ms) consistent with even faster estimates (τ(heat) ≈ 0.25 ms) based on laser spot size, H(2)O heat capacit,y and absorption cross section. This combination of fast, noncontact heating of picoliter volumes provides new opportunities for real-time thermodynamic/kinetic studies at the single-molecule level.
Expression of EGF receptor and FGF receptor isoforms during neuroepithelial stem cell differentiation (1999)

To characterize the role of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) in regulating neuroepithelial stem cells differentiation, we have examined the expression of FGF, EGF, and their receptors by neuroepithelial (NEP) cells and their derivatives. Our results indicate that undifferentiated NEP cells express a subset of FGF receptor (FGFR) isoforms, but do not express platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The FGFR pattern of expression by differentiated neuron and glial cells differs from that found on NEP stem cells. FGFR-4 is uniquely expressed on NEP cells, while FGFR-1 is expressed by both NEP cells and neurons, and FGFR-2 is down-regulated during neuronal differentiation. FGFRs present on astrocytes and oligodendrocytes also represent a subset of those present on NEP cells. Expression of FGF and EGF by NEP cells and their progeny was also examined. NEP cells synthesize detectable levels of both FGF-1 and FGF-2, and EGF. FGF-1 and FGF-2 synthesis is likely to be biologically relevant, as cells grown at high density do not require exogenous FGF for their survival and cells grown in the presence of neutralizing antibodies to FGF show a reduction in cell survival and division. Thus, neuroepithelial cells synthesize and respond to FGF, but not to EGF, and are therefore distinct from other neural stem cells (neurospheres). The unique pattern of expression of FGF isoforms may serve to distinguish NEP cells from their more differentiated progeny.
Subsurface imaging with photoacoustics (1980)

We have performed thermal-wave imaging of subsurface features in a metal using, for the first time, piezoelectric detection. Photoacoustic magnitude and phase images are presented.
Digital chaotic communications (2009)

This dissertation provides the conceptual development, modeling and simulation, physical\nimplementation, and measured hardware results for a practicable digital coherent chaotic\ncommunication system. Such systems are highly desirable for robust communications due to\nthe maximal entropy signal characteristics that satisfy Shannon's ideal noise-like waveform\nand provide optimal data transmission across a flat communications channel. At the core of\nthe coherent chaotic communications system is a fully digital chaotic circuit, providing an\nefficiently controllable mechanism that overcomes the traditional bottleneck of chaotic circuit\nstate synchronization. The analytical, simulation, and hardware results yield a generalization of direct sequence spread spectrum waveforms, that can be further extended to create a new class of maximal entropy waveforms suitable for optimized channel performance, maximal entropy transmission of chaotically spread amplitude modulated data constellations, and\npermission-based multiple access systems.
Camera model identification with the use of deep convolutional neural networks (2016)

In this paper, we propose a camera model identification method based on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Unlike traditional methods, CNNs can automatically and simultaneously extract features and learn to classify during the learning process. A layer of preprocessing is added to the CNN model, and consists of a high pass filter which is applied to the input image. Before feeding the CNN, we examined the CNN model with two types of residuals. The convolution and classification are then processed inside the network. The CNN outputs an identification score for each camera model. Experimental comparison with a classical two steps machine learning approach shows that the proposed method can achieve significant detection performance. The well known object recognition CNN models, AlexNet and GoogleNet, are also examined.
Novel Reactive Polymers Containing Hemiacetal Ester and Vinyl Moieties: Synthesis and Selective Polymerization of 1-Methoxyallyl Methacrylate Derived from Methacrylic Acid and Methoxyallene (2001)

A novel functional monomer, 1-methoxyallyl methacrylate (MOAMA), was prepared and its polymerization behavior was investigated. The radical polymerization of MOAMA led to a polymeric network due to the participation of the allyl group in the reaction. Contrarily, anionic polymerization proceeded in a living fashion to yield linear poly(MOAMA) without gelation. Since both the network-type and linear polymers possess hemiacetal ester and vinyl moieties, the two-fold polymerization behavior of MOAMA represents a new pathway towards reactive polymers.
Growth control and characterization of vertically aligned IrO2 nanorods (2003)

Iridium dioxide (IrO2) nanorods with pointed tips have been grown on Si(100) and transition-metal-coated-Si(100) substrates, via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), using (MeCp)Ir(COD) as the source reagent. The as-deposited nanorods were characterized using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). FESEM micrographs revealed that the majority of the nanorods are a wedge shape in cross section and converge at top; occasionally several of them pack into a column of a spiral tip. The vertical alignment and packing density are significantly improved by prior deposition of a thin layer of Ti on Si. TEM and XRD results indicate that the sputtered Ti thin layer erects the nanorods in the c-axis direction. XPS spectra show that iridium in IrO2 nanorods also exist in a higher oxidation state.
A computer cursor controlled by eye movements and voluntary eye winks using a single channel EOG (2009)

This paper proposes a computer mouse-like device that is controlled by eye movements and voluntary eye winks using a single channel of EOG. The position of a pair electrode, and time-domain signal analysis are also presented.
HIF-independent synthetic lethality between CDK4/6 inhibition and VHL loss across species (2019)

Inactivation of the <i>VHL</i> tumor suppressor gene is the signature initiating event in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common form of kidney cancer, and causes the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α). HIF-2α inhibitors are effective in some ccRCC cases, but both de novo and acquired resistance have been observed in the laboratory and in the clinic. Here, we identified synthetic lethality between decreased activity of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) and <i>VHL</i> inactivation in two species (human and <i>Drosophila</i>) and across diverse human ccRCC cell lines in culture and xenografts. Although HIF-2α transcriptionally induced the CDK4/6 partner cyclin D1, HIF-2α was not required for the increased CDK4/6 requirement of <i>VHL<sup>-/-</sup></i> ccRCC cells. Accordingly, the antiproliferative effects of CDK4/6 inhibition were synergistic with HIF-2α inhibition in HIF-2α-dependent <i>VHL<sup>-/-</sup></i> ccRCC cells and not antagonistic with HIF-2α inhibition in HIF-2α-independent cells. These findings support testing CDK4/6 inhibitors as treatments for ccRCC, alone and in combination with HIF-2α inhibitors.
Information Distance in Multiples (2011)

Information distance is a parameter-free similarity measure based on compression, used in pattern recognition, data mining, phylogeny, clustering and classification. The notion of information distance is extended from pairs to multiples (finite lists). We study maximal overlap, metricity, universality, minimal overlap, additivity and normalized information distance in multiples. We use the theoretical notion of Kolmogorov complexity which for practical purposes is approximated by the length of the compressed version of the file involved, using a real-world compression program.
APERIODICITY IN BOWED-STRING MOTION (2024)

An investigation into the causes of aperiodicity in bowed-string oscillations is made using a combination of simple experiments, mathematical analysis, and computer simulation, and the status of theoretical models which idealise the behaviour as exactly periodic is thus assessed.lThree distinct sources of departure from a strictly periodic, Helmholtz type of motion are identified ( l.2,3 below).The third is the most important musically, and depends on differential slipping of the bow hairs during the nominal sticking phase of the Helmholtz cycle, a phenomenon not previously studied.I. Flyback jitter.'Flyback jitter', or cycle-by-cycle variation in the period of the sawtooth waveform of the transverse force exerted by the string on the bridge, reflects random variations in the timing of the round trip of the Helmholtz corner or propagating velocity jump.It can be measured very accurately from the zero crossings in the steep flyback in the digitized waveform.The interesting
Recovery of isoflavones from soybean cooking drain of a Miso factory. (1986)

合成吸着樹脂を用いた大豆蒸煮液からのイソフラボン類の回収方法を検討した.(1) 大豆蒸煮液にはダイズイン,ゲニスチン,ダイゼイン及びゲニステインがそれぞれ189.5, 186.0, 23.3及び7.4ppm含まれていた.(2) 5種類の合成吸着樹脂を用い,イソフラボン類の吸着率を調べたところ,ダイヤイオンHP-20がもっとも良好であった.(3) カラムに充てんした樹脂に,pH 4.0に調整した大豆蒸煮液を樹脂の10倍量負荷し,水及び20%エタノール溶液で洗浄後,エタノールで4成分を溶出させたところ,84%以上の回収率が得られた.(4) 本法による脱脂大豆80%エタノール抽出液中のイソフラボン類の精製方法を検討したところ,抽出液のアルコール濃度を20%まで希釈して樹脂に負荷した後,エタノールで4成分を溶出する方法により可能となった.
Time course and pattern of COPD exacerbation onset (2011)

COPD exacerbations exhibit two distinct patterns-sudden and gradual onset. Sudden onset exacerbations are associated with increased respiratory symptoms but shorter exacerbation recovery times.
VQEG Evaluation of Objective Methods of Video Quality Assessment (1999)

This paper briefly discusses objective and subjective methods for video quality assessment by focusing on the current work plan and schedule of the Video Quality Experts Group (VQEG). Subjective assessment methods have been used reliably for many years to evaluate video image quality, yet, some issues arise with subjective assessment including the cost of conducting the evaluations and the fact that these methods cannot easily be used to monitor video image quality in realtime. Traditional analog objective measurements, while still necessary, are not sufficient to measure the quality of digitally compressed video systems. Thus, there is a need to develop new objective methods utilizing the characteristics of the human visual system. While several new objective methods have been developed, there is no internationally standardized method. The VQEG is comprised of experts from various fields and organizations working on the evaluation and standardization of methods for video quality assessment. The first and current task of VQEG is the evaluation of objective model performance against subjective results for video quality in the bit rate range of 768 kbits/sec to 50 Mbits/sec.
Infra-red optical loss increase for silica fibre in cable filled with water (1983)

Loss increase characteristics of optical fibre in cable filled with water are reported. Drastic loss increase around 1.24 μm is observed for both graded-index and single-mode fibres. The origin of the loss increase is found to be due to hydrogen gas diffused into the silica glass interstitially.
TGF-Î²1 promotes cerebral cortex radial glia-astrocyte differentiation in vivo (2014)

The major neural stem cell population in the developing cerebral cortex is composed of the radial glial cells, which generate glial cells and neurons. The mechanisms that modulate the maintenance of the radial glia (RG) stem cell phenotype, or its differentiation, are not yet completely understood. We previously demonstrated that the transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) promotes RG differentiation into astrocytes in vitro (Glia 2007; 55:1023-33) through activation of multiple canonical and non-canonical signaling pathways (Dev Neurosci 2012; 34:68-81). However, it remains unknown if TGF-β1 acts in RG-astrocyte differentiation in vivo. Here, we addressed the astrogliogenesis induced by TGF-β1 by using the intraventricular in utero injection in vivo approach. We show that injection of TGF-β1 in the lateral ventricles of E14,5 mice embryos resulted in RG fibers disorganization and premature gliogenesis, evidenced by appearance of GFAP positive cells in the cortical wall. These events were followed by decreased numbers of neurons in the cortical plate (CP). Together, we also described that TGF-β1 actions are region-dependent, once RG cells from dorsal region of the cerebral cortex demonstrated to be more responsive to this cytokine compared with RG from lateral cortex either in vitro as well as in vivo. Our work demonstrated that TGF-β1 is a critical cytokine that regulates RG fate decision and differentiation into astrocytes in vitro and in vivo. We also suggest that RG cells are heterogeneous population that acts as distinct targets of TGF-β1 during cerebral cortex development.
Covalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes: a photoreduction approach (2007)

Covalent sidewall functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) via photoreduction of aromatic ketones by alcohols is reported for the first time. Irradiation of benzophenone, benzhydrol and SWNTs in benzene resulted in covalent attachment of benzhydrol to the sidewalls of the SWNTs. A variety of tools were used to characterize the functionalized SWNTs. Raman scattering, UV-visible and near-IR spectroscopy confirm the covalent nature of the sidewall functionalization. Attenuated total reflection (ATR) FTIR and NMR provided evidence for attachment of benzhydrol onto the sidewalls of nanotubes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the degree of functionalization was about one benzhydrol in 52 sidewall carbons. A long-chain hydrocarbon marker (n-C(18)H(35)) was also grafted onto the functional groups by esterification reaction for high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) visualization.
<p>Conventional and Novel Treatment Modalities in Rosacea</p> (2020)

Rosacea is a common skin disease that is troublesome for both the patients and the dermatologists. Erythema, telengiectasia, papulopustular changes and phymatous changes are the main problems faced by the patients and dermatologists in everyday practice. Due to the chronic and relapsing nature of the disease, patients are usually unsatisfied with conventional treatment methods. This article aims at redefining rosacea according to the 2017 consensus and reviewing the different treatment modalities for different manifestations of the disease in depth.