gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Notes: Evaluation of Three Candidate Fungicides for Treatment of Adult Spring Chinook Salmon (1995)

Abstract Use of malachite green as a fungicide in fish culture was terminated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1991. Formalin has been the replacement antifungal agent, but the present FDA registration restricts its use to only eggs of salmonids and esocids: further, concerns about its safety for users and about formalin effluents in the environment persist. Three candidate chemicals (iodine, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide) were tested along with the reference fungicides malachite green and formalin for antifungal activity on adult spring chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Compounds were added to flow-through systems without correction for flow dilution. Malachite green and formalin were effective in preventing prespawning mortality and in minimizing the incidence of fungal infection. Fish from iodine treatments at 0.1 or 0.02 mg/L had mortality levels like those of untreated controls. Most deaths of iodine-treated (and control) fish were accompanied by fungal infections, whereas fungal infection was almost absent among malachite greentreated fish. Glutaraldehyde at 31.2 or 6.2 mg/L was effective as a fungicide, but it was toxic at 62 mg/L, and regulatory restrictions on its use may be formidable. Hydrogen peroxide was the most promising candidate based on efficacy and regulatory considerations. None of the fish deaths in treatments with hydrogen peroxide at 100 mg/L were associated with fungal infections. Hydrogen peroxide treatment at 25 mg/L allowed only a very low incidence of fungal infection. Therefore, hydrogen peroxide is deemed the best candidate for development as an antifungal agent in spring chinook salmon culture.
Polarimetric-spectral intensity modulation (P-SIM): enabling simultaneous hyperspectral and polarimetric imaging (1999)

We introduce the method of Polarimetric-Spectral Intensity Modulation (P-SIM) and discuss how it enables a new robust class of hyperspectral polarimetric imaging sensor. P-SIM was invented by one of us and has been submitted for patent. We are presently building a sensor, dubbed the IR Polarimetric HyperSpectral Imager which implements the P-SIM concept. P-SIM employs a novel and robust optical multiplexing scheme that enables simultaneous measurement of spectral and full elliptical polarimetric image content, employing a single focal plane detector and conventional optics, and eliminating moving parts and difficult alignment issues. The technique is equally viable across the visible through long-wave IR bands. The P-SIM concept constitutes a breakthrough for the inclusion of polarimetry in optical hyperspectral imaging. To date, even single-band polarimeter designs for remote sensing are compromised due to their lack of spatio temporal measurement registration, inapplicability to marginally resolved scene elements, costly optical configurations, or polarimetric ambiguity from too few 'channels'. Polarimetric imaging from a moving platform or against moving targets rules out the standard methods of time-sequential polarimetry via rotation of a polarizer or waveplate. P-SIM eliminates these limitations while additionally extending polarimetry into the spectral imaging domain.
Upregulation of Cisd2 attenuates Alzheimer's‐related neuronal loss in mice (2019)

CDGSH iron-sulfur domain-containing protein 2 (Cisd2), a protein that declines in an age-dependent manner, mediates lifespan in mammals. Cisd2 deficiency causes accelerated aging and shortened lifespan, whereas persistent expression of Cisd2 promotes longevity in mice. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of senile dementia and is without an effective therapeutic strategy. We investigated whether Cisd2 upregulation is able to ameliorate amyloid β (Aβ) toxicity and prevent neuronal loss using an AD mouse model. Our study makes three major discoveries. First, using the AD mouse model (APP/PS1 double transgenic mice), the dosage of Cisd2 appears to modulate the severity of AD phenotypes. Cisd2 overexpression (∼two-fold) significantly promoted survival and alleviated the pathological defects associated with AD. Conversely, Cisd2 deficiency accelerated AD pathogenesis. Secondly, Cisd2 overexpression protected against Aβ-mediated mitochondrial damage and attenuated loss of neurons and neuronal progenitor cells. Finally, an increase in Cisd2 shifted the expression profiles of a panel of genes that are dysregulated by AD toward the patterns observed in wild-type mice. These findings highlight Cisd2-based therapies as a potential disease-modifying strategy for AD. © 2019 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Pretreatment serum markers and lymphocyte response to interleukin-2 therapy (1999)

Lymphocytosis is a marker of subcutaneous interleukin (IL)-2 therapy efficacy, whereas baseline elevated inflammatory indices were noticed in IL-2-resistant disease. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between pretreatment circulating values of IL-6, neopterin, sIL-2R, ESR and the changes in lymphocyte number in response to IL-2 administration. Twenty metastatic renal cell cancer patients were treated with subcutaneous IL-2 immunotherapy (6 000 000 IU day(-1) for 6 days per week for 4 weeks); tumour response consisted of partial response (PR) in four patients, stable disease (SD) in eight patients and progressive disease (PD) in eight patients. Abnormally high pretreatment values of each marker were found as follows: IL-6 in seven patients, neopterin in nine patients, sIL-2R in 13 patients. In response to IL-2 immunotherapy, a significantly higher mean increase in lymphocyte number and a higher percentage of patients with tumour response or stable disease were observed when pretreatment values of IL-6, neopterin and sIL-2R were within the normal range, in comparison to patients with high values for these markers. The pretreatment excess of these serum inflammatory markers seems to negatively influence both the host and tumour response to IL-2 administration, by preventing the IL-2-induced lymphocytosis and resulting in tumour progression. Further studies are requested to verify if overall survival and quality of life may depend on pretreatment host immune status and/or lymphocyte response after IL-2 administration.
Genetic Disruption of Adenosine Kinase in Mouse Pancreatic β-Cells Protects Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Glucose Intolerance (2017)

Islet β-cells adapt to insulin resistance through increased insulin secretion and expansion. Type 2 diabetes typically occurs when prolonged insulin resistance exceeds the adaptive capacity of β-cells. Our prior screening efforts led to the discovery that adenosine kinase (ADK) inhibitors stimulate β-cell replication. Here, we evaluated whether ADK disruption in mouse β-cells affects β-cell mass and/or protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose dysregulation. Mice targeted at the <i>Adk</i> locus were bred to Rip-Cre and Ins1-Cre/ERT<sup>1Lphi</sup> mice to enable constitutive (βADKO) and conditional (iβADKO) disruption of ADK expression in β-cells, respectively. Weight gain, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) were longitudinally monitored in normal chow (NC)-fed and HFD-fed mice. In addition, β-cell mass and replication were measured by immunofluorescence-based islet morphometry. NC-fed adult βADKO and iβADKO mice displayed glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and β-cell mass comparable to control animals. By contrast, HFD-fed βADKO and iβADKO animals had improved glucose tolerance and increased in vivo GSIS. Improved glucose handling was associated with increased β-cell replication and mass. We conclude that ADK expression negatively regulates the adaptive β-cell response to HFD challenge. Therefore, modulation of ADK activity is a potential strategy for enhancing the adaptive β-cell response.
A self-balancing striping scheme for NAND-flash storage systems (2008)

To use multiple memory banks in parallel is a nature approach to boost the performance of flash-memory storage systems. However, realistic data-access localities unevenly load each memory bank and thus the benefits of parallelism is severely limited. In this work, we propose to encode popular data with redundancy by means of erasure codes. Load balancing is thus achieved by accessing only lightly loaded banks, because to retrieve a subset of data blocks and code blocks sufficiently reconstructs the requested data. The technical issues pertain to redundancy allocation, redundancy placement, and request scheduling. By experiments, we found that, by offering 10% extra redundant space, the read response time is largely improved by 30%.
Nutritional recommendations for individuals with diabetes mellitus. (1992)

The diabetic diet is fundamentally a healthy diet, high in complex carbohydrates, high in dietary fibre, low in fat. A nutritionally adequate, mixed diet is satisfactory for most people with diabetes and special foods or food supplements are not required. The dietary recommendations directed towards the diabetic population are essentially similar to those recommended by most authorities for the population as a whole. Education of diabetic patients and their families and also individualised diet and meal planning are essential components in the management of diabetes mellitus. Weight loss and subsequent maintenance of a desirable body weight should be achieved when necessary. The amount of carbohydrate should be liberalised, including a wide variety of fibre-rich complex carbohydrates. In some individuals modest amounts of sucrose taken at meal times are acceptable. Foods with lower glycaemic indices should be offered on trial to people with diabetes. Total fat intake, especially saturated fat, should be restricted. More research is needed before recommendations regarding eicosapentaenoic acid supplementation can be made. Protein intake should be restricted to the Recommended Daily Allowance except in groups at risk of negative nitrogen balance. A restriction in salt intake is advised. Alcoholic beverages and nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners may be used, but in moderate amounts.
Least-squares inverse filtering and wavelet deconvolution (1977)

Abstract Detailed comparison between borehole data and seismic data has taught that, in general, conventional seismic inverse filtering is not effective enough to produce desirable deconvolution results, i.e., seismic sections with broad-band zero-phase wavelets.Application of conventional seismic inverse filters has the advantage that very little information is needed from the user. However, as is shown in this paper, the phase spectra of these filters may be seriously in error, even if the seismic wavelet has the minimum-phase property.In wavelet deconvolution the phase spectrum of the filter is correct, provided a good estimate of the seismic wavelet is available. In this paper, wavelet deconvolution is compared with Wiener filtering. The main conclusions are illustrated by examples.
Altered testicular gene expression patterns in mice lacking the polyubiquitin gene <i>Ubb</i> (2011)

Ubiquitin (Ub) is an essential protein found in all eukaryotic cells and plays important roles in a variety of cellular functions including germ cell development. We have previously reported that targeted disruption of the polyubiquitin gene Ubb results in male and female infertility in Ubb(-/-) mice, with germ cells arrested at meiotic prophase I. Although reduced Ub levels in germ cells are believed to be responsible for the fertility defect in Ubb(-/-) mice, it is still unclear how reduced Ub levels result in sterility. Here we describe the results of a microarray analysis of the murine testicular transcriptome, which demonstrates dramatically altered gene expression patterns in Ubb(-/-) mice, possibly related to reduced levels of histone 2A (H2A) ubiquitylation. We find that large numbers of genes related to fertility, metabolism, transcription, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) are misregulated in Ubb(-/-) mice. Such wide-ranging alterations in gene expression suggest that loss of the Ubb gene does not mimic a single-gene defect phenotype, but instead may affect gene expression more globally. These dramatic changes in gene expression could, at least in part, contribute to the complex fertility and metabolic phenotypes seen in these mice.
Progress in multi-channel image fusion for face image matching (2013)

Fusion techniques have proven to be very useful for many signal and image processing applications including image recognition, image registration, and biometric matching. Along with standard fusion techniques, hypercomplex image processing techniques have been developed recently. These techniques represent a form of image fusion in which several image components are combined to form a multi-channel image. The multi-channel imagery may be processed using hypercomplex transforms, such as the hypercomplex Fourier transform, for image matching and registration. In this paper we investigate performance of multi-channel image fusion for face image matching. We use 3-D color face imagery and investigate fusion of various combinations of grayscale intensity, color, and range information. We conduct a theoretical investigation to identify conditions under which matchers using image channel fusion provide superior matching performance relative to matchers fusing single channel image matching results. We present numerical performance results in the form of Receiver Operating Characteristics curves quantifying matching performance for verification hypothesis testing problems.
Advances in the Management of Recurrent Endometrial Cancer (2013)

The treatment of women with advanced, recurrent, or metastatic endometrial cancer represents an unmet need in oncology. Robust clinical trials are required to explore how to improve on therapy. The incorporation of molecularly targeted agents has the potential to improve outcomes for women who require treatment in both the first-line and second-line settings.
Phagocyte‐specific S100 proteins are released from affected mucosa and promote immune responses during inflammatory bowel disease (2008)

Phagocyte-derived S100 proteins are endogenous activators of innate immune responses. S100A12 binds to the receptor for advanced glycation end-products, while complexes of S100A8/S100A9 (myeloid-related proteins, MRP8/14; calprotectin) are ligands of toll-like receptor 4. These S100 proteins can be detected in stool. In the present study we analyse the release of S100A12 and MRP8/14 from intestinal tissue. Specimens from patients with Crohn's disease (CD; n = 30), ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 30), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; n = 30) or without inflammation (n = 30) were obtained during endoscopy. After 24 h culture, S100A12 and MRP8/14 were analysed in supernatants. Endoscopic, histological, laboratory and clinical disease activity measures were documented. We found an increased spontaneous release of S100A12 from tissue in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The release of S100A12 into the supernatants was 28-fold enhanced in inflamed tissue when compared to non-inflamed tissue (mean 46.9 vs. 1.7 ng/ml, p < 0.0001). In active CD, release of S100A12 and MRP8/14 was strongly dependent on localization, with little release from sites of active ileal inflammation compared to colonic inflammation. This difference was more pronounced for S100A12 than for MRP8/14. S100A12 and MRP8/14 provoked up-regulation of adhesion molecules and chemokines on human intestinal microvascular endothelial cells (HIMECs) isolated from normal colonic tissue. The direct release of phagocyte-derived S100 proteins from inflamed tissues may reflect secretion from infiltrating neutrophils (S100A12) and also monocytes or epithelial cells (MRP8/14). Via activation of pattern recognition receptors, these proteins promote inflammation in intestinal tissue. The enhanced mucosal release can explain the correlation of fecal markers with disease activity in IBD.
Electrical charge trapping at defects on the Si(111)7×7 surface (2006)

We report on a direct measurement of electron trapping at defects on the Si(111)7×7 surface, by combining Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements. One-dimensional defects of atomic steps and two-dimensional defects of disordered domains were found on the surface. STM reveals that the disordered domain is located in the intersection area between three 7×7 domains. KPFM measurement shows that electrons are trapped at both the atomic steps and the disordered domains, and this electron trapping gives rise to a larger local work function on the defect region than on the defect-free 7×7 regions.
Polyamine analysis using N-hydroxysuccinimidyl-6-aminoquinoyl carbamate for pre-column derivatization (1996)

N-Hydroxysuccinimidyl-6-aminoquinoyl carbamate (AccQ.Fluor) was used as a polyamine pre-column derivatization reagent prior to HPLC analysis using a 5-micron C8 reversed-phase column. The fluorescence detector excitation wavelength was set at 250 nm and emission at 395 nm. Quantitation, reproducibility, linearity, recovery and stability were demonstrated. The lower limit of detection was 660 fmol. This method is 45 and 61 times more sensitive than those using the pre-column derivatizing agents dansyl chloride and orthophthalaldehyde, respectively. Applicability to biological samples was demonstrated by analyses of polyamines in extracts of mouse erythrocytes and Trypanosoma brucei brucei.
Spray Carrier Salts Affect Herbicide Toxicity to Kochia (<i>Kochia scoparia</i>) (1993)

Calcium chloride in the spray carrier antagonized the toxicity of diethanolamine 2,4-D and sodium 2,4-D, dimethylamine MCPA, sodium bentazon, dimethylamine dicamba and sodium dicamba, sodium acifluorfen, imazamethabenz, ammonium imazethapyr, and isopropylamine glyphosate to kochia in greenhouse experiments. Diammonium sulfate overcame calcium chloride antagonism of the above herbicides, except for glyphosate and imazethapyr. Diammonium sulfate or ammonium nitrate adjuvants overcame calcium chloride and sodium bicarbonate antagonism of dicamba toxicity to kochia and enhanced toxicity of sodium dicamba to nearly equal that of dimethylamine dicamba.
Diffusion in multiple laminates (1965)

By a development of the method of Frisch a general treatment has been given of the time lag for diffusion in a multiple laminate ABCD... where each lamina is composed of a different material. The treatment relates to flow of heat or matter in laminated slabs, hollow cylinders or spherical shells, under conditions where the diffusion coefficients are independent of concentration in each lamina, and where Henry's law governs the distribution of diffusant between each pair of laminae. Several special cases have been treated numerically which demonstrate some properties of the time lag in laminates.
Interferon-gamma induction of LFA-1-mediated homotypic adhesion of human monocytes. (1986)

Cell-cell adhesion plays an important role in monocyte function. To investigate the molecular basis for monocyte adhesion, we used recombinant interferon-gamma to induce the formation of homotypic monocyte adhesions. The induction of homotypic adhesions correlated with the increased expression of the LFA-1 membrane molecule. LFA-1 surface expression was increased twofold, whereas expression levels of other monocyte surface molecules including CR3 and p150,95 were unchanged. The direct involvement of LFA-1 in monocyte adhesion was addressed by anti-LFA-1 monoclonal antibody inhibition of homotypic adhesions. Two monoclonal antibodies to distinct epitopes on the LFA-1 alpha-chain completely inhibited homotypic adhesions. Antibodies to a variety of other monocyte surface molecules, often present at higher cell surface density than LFA-1, did not inhibit homotypic adhesion. A panel of monoclonal antibodies that recognized different functional epitopes on the LFA-1 alpha-chain inhibited homotypic monocyte in a hierarchy identical to that observed in previous studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity. These findings suggest that LFA-1 serves an adhesive function for human mononuclear phagocytes. In addition to providing a molecular basis for homotypic monocyte adhesions, the results suggest a more general role for LFA-1 in monocyte adhesion reactions.
Synthesis of Some Organosilicon Polymers and Their Pyrolytic Conversion to Ceramics (1989)

This chapter gives an introduction to the preceramic polymer route to ceramic materials and focuses on the reasons why this new approach was needed and on the chemical considerations important in its implementation, with examples from research on organosilicon polymers. Novel polysilazanes have been prepared by the dehydrocyclodimerization reaction, a new method for polymerizing suitably substituted cyclooligosilazanes. The "living" polymer intermediate in this reaction has been used to convert Si-H-containing organosilicon polymers that are not suitable for pyrolytic conversion to ceramics into useful preceramic polymers.
Mathematics in Context: A New Course. (1990)

Our new course turns upside many of the basic methods of teaching in undergraduate mathematics. It is top down rather than bottom up. It starts off with general discussions as to the nature and extent of mathematics. It proceeds through a decision by students as to what they want to write about. It is assessed by two extended essays which are expected to communicate a viewpoint, and to discuss issues.
Implementing Selective Attention in Machines: The Case of Touch-Driven Saccades (1994)

Recent paradigms in the fields of robotics and machine perception have emphasized the importance of selective attention mechanisms for perceiving and interacting with the environment. In the case of a system involved in operations requiring a physical interaction with the surrounding environment, a major role is played by the capability of attentively responding to tactile events. By performing somatosensory saccades, the nature of the cutaneous stimulation can be assessed, and new motor actions can be planned. However, the study of touch-driven attention, has almost been neglected by robotics researchers. In this paper the development of visuo-cutaneo coordination for the production of somatosensory saccades is investigated, and a general architecture for integrating different kinds of attentive mechanisms is proposed. The system autonomously discovers the sensorymotor transformation which links tactile events to visual saccades, on the basis of multisensory consistencies and basic, built-in, motor reflexes. Results obtained both with simulations and robotic experiments are analyzed.
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA): a modulator of microglia activity and dendritic spine morphology (2015)

Our findings indicate that DHA can prevent LPS-induced abnormalities (neuroinflammation) by reducing inflammatory biomarkers, thereby normalizing microglia activity and their effect on synaptic function.
Production from Sucrose of a Serologically Reactive Polysaccharide by a Sterile Bacterial Extract (1941)

Article MetricsDownloadsCitationsNo data available.01AugSepOctNovDecJan110Total6 Months12 MonthsTotal number of downloads for the most recent 6 whole calendar months.
Analysis of particle sizes, concentration, and refractive index in measurement of light transmittance in the forward-scattering-angle range (1997)

A simple method for determining the mean size, the concentration, and the refractive index of the monodispersion and the polydispersion of particles has been presented. The method is based on the empirical inversion of measurements of forward-angle light-scattering transmittance. The effects of particle size distribution and optical constants on forward-angle-scattering transmittance have been considered by using Mie theory. The proposed method has been used successfully for single latex spheres in water and polydispersed weakly absorbing particles of Al(2) O(3) and SiO(2) in the flow of the propane-air flame combustion products.