gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional verification of the CMOS S/390 Parallel Enterprise Server G4 system (1997)

Verification of the S/390® Parallel Enterprise Server G4 processor and level 2 cache (L2) chips was performed using a different approach than previously. This paper describes the methods employed by our functional verification team to demonstrate that its logical system complied with the S/390 architecture while staying within the changing cost structure and time-to-market constraints. Verification proceeded at four basic levels defined by the breadth of logic being tested. The lowest level, designer macro verification, contained a single designer's hardware description language (in VHDL). Unit-level verification consisted of a logical portion of function that generally contained four or five designers' logic. The third level of verification was the chip level, in which the processor or L2 chips were individually tested. Finally, system-level verification was performed on symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) configurations that included bus-switching network (BSN) chips and I/O connection chips, designated as memory bus adaptors (MBAs), along with multiple copies of the processor and L2 chips.
Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway induces chemoresistance to interferon-α/5-fluorouracil combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Type I IFN receptor type 2 (IFNAR2) expression correlates significantly with clinical response to interferon (IFN)-alpha/5-fluorouracil (5-FU) combination therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, some IFNAR2-positive patients show no response to the therapy. This result suggests the possibility of other factors, which would be responsible for resistance to IFN-alpha/5-FU therapy. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism of anti-proliferative effects of IFN-alpha/5-FU therapy and search for a biological marker of chemoresistance to such therapy. Gene expression profiling and molecular network analysis were used in the analysis of non-responders and responders with IFNAR2-positive HCC. The Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway contributed to resistance to IFN-alpha/5-FU therapy. Immunohistochemical analysis showed positive epithelial cell adhesion molecule (Ep-CAM) expression, the target molecule of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling, only in non-responders. In vitro studies showed that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling by glycogen synthesis kinase-3 inhibitor (6-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO)) induced chemoresistance to IFN-alpha/5-FU. BrdU-based cell proliferation ELISA and cell cycle analysis showed that concurrent addition of BIO and IFN-alpha/5-FU significantly to hepatoma cell cultures reduced the inhibitory effects of the latter two on DNA synthesis and accumulation of cells in the S-phase. The results indicate that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway induces chemoresistance to IFN-alpha/5-FU therapy and suggest that Ep-CAM is a potentially useful marker for resistance to such therapy, especially in IFNAR2-positive cases.
A Preclinical Study Evaluating AAVrh10-Based Gene Therapy for Sanfilippo Syndrome (2016)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is predominantly a disorder of the central nervous system, caused by a deficiency of sulfamidase (SGSH) with subsequent storage of heparan sulfate-derived oligosaccharides. No widely available therapy exists, and for this reason, a mouse model has been utilized to carry out a preclinical assessment of the benefit of intraparenchymal administration of a gene vector (AAVrh10-SGSH-IRES-SUMF1) into presymptomatic MPS IIIA mice. The outcome has been assessed with time, measuring primary and secondary storage material, neuroinflammation, and intracellular inclusions, all of which appear as the disease progresses. The vector resulted in predominantly ipsilateral distribution of SGSH, with substantially less detected in the contralateral hemisphere. Vector-derived SGSH enzyme improved heparan sulfate catabolism, reduced microglial activation, and, after a time delay, ameliorated GM3 ganglioside accumulation and halted ubiquitin-positive lesion formation in regions local to, or connected by projections to, the injection site. Improvements were not observed in regions of the brain distant from, or lacking connections with, the injection site. Intraparenchymal gene vector administration therefore has therapeutic potential provided that multiple brain regions are targeted with vector, in order to achieve widespread enzyme distribution and correction of disease pathology.
Oxytocin can hinder trust and cooperation in borderline personality disorder (2010)

We investigated the effects of intranasal oxytocin (OXT) on trust and cooperation in borderline personality disorder (BPD), a disorder marked by interpersonal instability and difficulties with cooperation. Although studies in healthy adults show that intranasal OXT increases trust, individuals with BPD may show an altered response to exogenous OXT because the effects of OXT on trust and pro-social behavior may vary depending on the relationship representations and expectations people possess and/or altered OXT system functioning in BPD. BPD and control participants received intranasal OXT and played a social dilemma game with a partner. Results showed that OXT produced divergent effects in BPD participants, decreasing trust and the likelihood of cooperative responses. Additional analyses focusing on individual differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance across BPD and control participants indicate that these divergent effects were driven by the anxiously attached, rejection-sensitive participants. These data suggest that OXT does not uniformly facilitate trust and pro-social behavior in humans; indeed, OXT may impede trust and pro-social behavior depending on chronic interpersonal insecurities, and/or possible neurochemical differences in the OXT system. Although popularly dubbed the 'hormone of love', these data suggest a more circumspect answer to the question of who will benefit from OXT.
A “Green Route” to Propene through Selective Hydrogen Oxidation (2007)

The pros and cons of oxidative dehydrogenation of propane are outlined and a new catalytic system based on metal-doped cerianite catalysts is introduced. These novel materials catalyze the selective combustion of hydrogen from a mixture of hydrogen, propane, and propene at 550 degrees C. This gives three key advantages: energy is supplied directly where needed, product separation is made easier, and the dehydrogenation equilibrium is shifted to the desired products. A set of eighteen doped cerianites was synthesized in parallel, characterized, and screened for activity, selectivity, and stability in a cyclic redox system. The best results were obtained with Ce(0.89)Cr(0.02)Fe(0.09)O(2), Ce(0.98)Sn(0.02)O(2), and Ce(0.96)Cu(0.02)Zn(0.02)O(2), which gave 98 %, 91 %, and 98 % selectivity, respectively. Ce(0.89)Cr(0.02)Fe(0.09)O(2) also shows excellent stability in over 120 cycles (66 h on stream at 550 degrees C). Importantly, these doped cerias are monophasic crystalline materials. The dopants are incorporated as solid solutions throughout the fluorite lattice. This means that these catalysts are very stable (they do not sinter during reduction) as opposed to traditional supported metal oxides. The results show that both activity and selectivity towards hydrogen combustion can be tuned (increased or decreased) by selecting the appropriate dopant. Furthermore, the trends in selectivity differ from those measured on supported oxides of the same elements, which indicates that these novel materials indeed contain unique active sites. The factors governing selectivity towards hydrogen oxidation and the nature of the active site are discussed.
Optimization of metal-based multilayers for transparent heat mirrors (1987)

Multilayer calculations by conventional matrix methods for dielectricum/noble metal/dielectricum systems on glass have been performed. The aim has been to maximize the integrated parameters for solar transmission, Tsol, and transmission of visible light, Teye We have found that Ag is superior for maximizing the transmittance over the narrow visible wavelength range owing to the low internal absorptance. When solar energy transmission is considered multilayers based on Au are the best choice for metal film thicknesses above 15 nm. For thinner films, Ag is still to be preferred.
Intravitreal autologous bone marrow‐derived mononuclear cell transplantation: a feasibility report (2007)

Intravitreal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation is technically feasible.
Frequent expression of CCR4 in adult T-cell leukemia and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1–transformed T cells (2002)

Chemokines and chemokine receptors play important roles in migration and tissue localization of various lymphocyte subsets. Here, we report the highly frequent expression of CCR4 in adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-immortalized T cells. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that ATL and HTLV-1-immortalized T-cell lines consistently expressed CCR4. Inducible expression of HTLV-1 transcriptional activator tax in a human T-cell line Jurkat did not, however, up-regulate CCR4 mRNA. In vitro immortalization of peripheral blood T cells led to preferential outgrowth of CD4(+) T cells expressing CCR4. We further demonstrated highly frequent expression of CCR4 in fresh ATL cells by (1) reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of CCR4 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with ATL and healthy controls; (2) flow cytometric analysis of CCR4-expressing cells in PBMCs from patients with ATL and healthy controls; (3) CCR4 staining of routine blood smears from patients with ATL; and (4) an efficient migration of fresh ATL cells to the CCR4 ligands, TARC/CCL17 and MDC/CCL22, in chemotaxis assays. Furthermore, we detected strong signals for CCR4, TARC, and MDC in ATL skin lesions by RT-PCR. Collectively, most ATL cases have apparently derived from CD4(+) T cells expressing CCR4. It is now known that circulating CCR4(+) T cells are mostly polarized to Th2 and also contain essentially all skin-seeking memory T cells. Thus, HTLV-1-infected CCR4(+) T cells may have growth advantages by deviating host immune responses to Th2. CCR4 expression may also account for frequent infiltration of ATL into tissues such as skin and lymph nodes.
Todorokites: A New Family of Naturally Occurring Manganese Oxides (1981)

Todorokites are found in numerous terrestrial deposits and are important copper- and nickel-bearing materials in manganese nodules. Their structures are highly disordered, not well known, and controversial. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that terrestrial todorokites consist of tunnel structures of previously unreported dimensions and that these tunnel structures are intergrown coherently on a unit cell scale. Many types and degrees of disorder are evident in the high-resolution images. These newly discovered structures indicate a need for a revised nomenclature of tunnel manganese oxides, and such a system is suggested.
Two‐dimensional and M‐mode echocardiographic reference values in healthy adult Saanen goats (2011)

Echocardiography has become a routine non-invasive cardiac diagnostic tool in most species. Accurate measurement of cardiac dimensions requires reference values, which are poorly documented in goats. The aim of the present study was to test the inter-day repeatability and to establish the reference values of two-dimensional (2D-) and time-motion (M-) mode echocardiographic variables in healthy adult Saanen goats. Six goats were investigated three times by the same observer at one-day interval using a standardised 2D- and M-mode echocardiographic protocol. The intra-observer inter-day repeatability was tested using analysis of variance, calculation of the coefficient of variation and confidence intervals. A single echocardiographic examination was performed in six other goats, and values obtained in the 12 goats were used to establish the 2D- and M-mode echocardiographic reference values in healthy adult female Saanen goats. Statistical analysis revealed a good inter-day repeatability of the echocardiographic cardiac measurements. Echocardiographic reference values obtained in healthy adult Saanen goats seemed slightly higher than those reported in healthy Swedish domestic goats and were similar to those reported in healthy adult sheep.
Metronomic Gemcitabine in Combination with Sunitinib Inhibits Multisite Metastasis and Increases Survival in an Orthotopic Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

Metronomic chemotherapy suppresses growth of primary tumors and established metastases. However, its effect on metastatic progression is essentially unknown. We report the treatment of a metastatically competent model of pancreatic cancer with metronomic gemcitabine and sunitinib. Mice with orthotopic, red fluorescent protein-expressing, pancreatic cancer tumorgrafts were treated with gemcitabine on a metronomic (1 mg/kg daily, METG) or maximum tolerated dose (150 mg/kg twice weekly, MTDG) schedule with or without sunitinib (SU). Rates of primary tumor growth, metastasis, ascites, and survival were calculated. Gemcitabine at a daily dose of 2 mg or greater led to toxicity within 1 month in mice without tumors but METG at 1 mg/kg/d was well tolerated. Mice with pancreatic cancer tumorgrafts died with metastatic disease at a median of 25 days. METG/SU significantly prolonged median overall survival (44 days) compared with control or either regimen alone (P < 0.05). Primary tumor growth was inhibited by METG/SU (P = 0.03) but neither METG nor sunitinib alone. In contrast, treatment with METG suppressed metastasis at multiple sites, an effect enhanced by sunitinib. MTDG with or without sunitinib had the most favorable effect on primary tumor growth and survival, but its antimetastatic efficacy was similar to that of METG/SU. von Willebrand factor expression was inhibited by METG. Antimetastatic activity approaching that of MTDG is achieved with a total dose reduced 42 times using METG and is further enhanced by sunitinib. Our results suggest the potential of this therapeutic paradigm against pancreatic cancer in the adjuvant and maintenance settings.
Origin and Offshore Extent of Floating Algae in Olympic Sailing Area (2008)

Extensive patches of floating algae have appeared since mid‐June in coastal waters off Qingdao, China, where the Olympic sailing competitions will be held on 9–23 August. By 27 June, field surveys showed that the patches occupied about 30%, or 15 square kilometers, of the 50‐square‐kilometer region designated for the competitions, posing potential problems for them, according to reports in local news media. The floating algae, whose spatial extent is the largest ever reported in the literature for the world's oceans (as revealed by satellite estimates indicated below), have attracted wide national and international attention since late June.
Fast data structures for shortest path routing: a comparative evaluation (2002)

The execution time of Dijkstra's (1959) algorithm for shortest path routing strongly depends upon the underlying priority queue data structure used to store intermediate path costs for the graph during the algorithm's iterations. In particular, the efficiency is determined by how quickly the data structure can execute the operations of EXTRACT-MIN and DECREASE-KEY. Using Dijkstra's algorithm on graphs of various sizes and topologies, this paper compares the actual performance of the standard implicit binary heap with that of several proposed data structures: the binomial heap, relaxed heap, run relaxed heap, Fibonacci heap and splay tree. In particular, we compare the data structures' performance of the key operations, EXTRACT-MIN and DECREASE-KEY.
Mining Nuggets of Activity in High Dimensional Space from High Throughput Screening Data (2002)

High throughput screening (HTS) is often used in drug discovery to screen large numbers of compounds against a biological target. Statistical analysis of HTS data is aimed at uncovering the relationship between chemical structure, as quantifled by various numerical descriptor variables, and biological activity. Estimation of this structure-activity relationship enables prediction of biologically active molecules in huge collections of potential drug compounds. Based on some empirical work with two data sets from the National Cancer Institute, we will compare the predictive performances of some statistical methods. We will also point out some discrepancies between the objectives in drug discovery and classical statistical measures such as deviance or misclassiflcation error.
THE CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF DIETHYL KETONE (1924)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CONDENSATION PRODUCTS OF DIETHYL KETONEJohn B. Ekeley and M. Scott CarpenterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1924, 46, 2, 446–450Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1924Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1924https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01667a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (340 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
EMPeror: a tool for visualizing high-throughput microbial community data (2013)

Here we present EMPeror, an open source and web browser enabled tool with a versatile command line interface that allows researchers to perform rapid exploratory investigations of 3D visualizations of microbial community data, such as the widely used principal coordinates plots. EMPeror includes a rich set of controllers to modify features as a function of the metadata. By being specifically tailored to the requirements of microbial ecologists, EMPeror thus increases the speed with which insight can be gained from large microbiome datasets.
Congenital hyperthyroidism caused by a solitary toxic adenoma harboring a novel somatic mutation (serine281-->isoleucine) in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor. (1997)

Activating somatic mutations in the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor have been identified as a cause of hyperfunctioning thyroid adenomas, and germline mutations have been found in familial nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and sporadic congenital hyperthyroidism. All mutations reported to date have been located in the transmembrane domain. We now report an example of an activating mutation in the extracellular, TSH-binding domain, found in a male infant with congenital hyperthyroidism due to a toxic adenoma. The pregnancy was remarkable for fetal tachycardia. Scintigraphic studies demonstrated a large nodule in the right lobe, and a hemithyroidectomy was performed at the age of 2 yr. Direct sequencing of the TSH receptor gene revealed a mutation in one allele resulting in a substitution of serine281 by isoleucine (Ser281--> Ile) in the extracellular domain. The mutation was restricted to the adenomatous tissue. Expression of the Ser281--> Ile mutation in vitro revealed an increase in basal cAMP levels. Affinity for TSH was increased by the mutation. These findings demonstrate that activating mutations can also occur in the extracellular domain of the TSH receptor, and support a model in which the extracellular domain serves to restrain receptor function in the absence of TSH or antibody-induced conformational changes.
Korean (1959)

https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/75448
Distance-1 Constrained Channel Assignment in Single Radio Wireless Mesh Networks (2008)

This paper addresses channel assignment and random medium access design for single-radio multi-channel mesh networks. Two prior approaches include: (i) designing MAC protocols that dynamically select channels based on local information and (ii) partitioning the mesh into subnetworks with different channels and using 802.11 as the medium access protocol. Both of these approaches suffer from limited throughput improvement; the first approach due to wrong or incomplete channel state information that inherently arises in a multi-hop wireless environment, while the second approach due to high interference within each subnetwork. In this paper, we first introduce D1C-CA, Distance-1 Constrained Channel Assignment. D1C-CA statically assigns channels to a set of links as a function of physical connectivity, contention, and the unique gateway functionality of mesh networks, i.e, all Internet (non-local) traffic has a gateway node as its source or destination. To design D1C-CA, we model the channel assignment problem as a new form of graph edge coloring in which edges at distance one are constrained. We prove that the problem is NP-complete and design an efficient heuristic solution for mesh networks. Second, we design an asynchronous control-channel-based MAC protocol that solves multi-channel coordination problems and employs the proposed channel assignment algorithm. Finally, we investigate the performance of our approach through extensive simulations and show considerable performance improvements compared to alternate schemes.
An <i>in-vitro</i> system for determining the activity of compounds against the intracellular amastigote form of <i>Leishmania donovani</i> (1984)

A method has been defined for infecting primary mouse peritoneal macrophages with amastigotes of Leishmania donovani in vitro, and analysing the response of the infected macrophages to treatment with drugs. The growth of intracellular amastigotes was inhibited by all clinically used antileishmanial drugs. Toxic effects on macrophages were observed with some drugs. Other experimental antileishmanial compounds were active in this system. This test is proposed as an initial screening test for the discovery of novel antileishmanial compounds.