gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Properties of Epoxy Resins from Lignin and Lignin-related Phenols (2000)

Epoxy prepolymers were synthesized from alcoholysis lignin (AL) and lignin-related phenols such as p-hydroquinone (HQ) and methoxy-p-hydroquinone (MHQ) by reaction with epichlorohydrin. Epoxy resins were synthesized from the above prepolymers by reaction with poly(azelaic anhydride). The molar ratios of acid anhydride groups to epoxy groups ([AA/EPOXY] ratios) were varied at 10/10 and 12/10. The thermal properties of the obtained prepolymers and epoxy resins were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and TG- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The values at glass transition temperatures (T_g's) of epoxy resins decreased in the order of epoxy resins from HQ > AL > MHQ. Thermal degradation temperatures (T_d's) of epoxy resins were a]most constant regardless of [AA/EPOXY] ratios, suggesting that the curing of prepolymers with poly(azelaic anhydride) does not affect T_d values. The intensities of absorption peaks at 2900 cm-1 (CH) and 1730 cm-1 (C=0) in IR spectra of the evolved gases during thermal degradation increased with increasing [AA/EPOXY] ratios.
Affine real-time face tracking using Gabor wavelet networks (2002)

We present a method for visual face tracking that is based on a wavelet representation of a face template. The wavelet representation allows: arbitrary affine deformations of the facial image; generalization from an individual face template to a rather general face template; and adapting the computational needs of the tracking algorithm to the computational resources available. The method presented was implemented on a Linux Pentium 450 MHz and runs off-line with 25 Hz, and online using an active camera mount at 22 Hz. We present experimental results on the off-line tests on several common image sequences including the salesman-sequence as well as on the online tests.
Oxygen Vacancies and Electrical Conduction in Metal Oxides (1964)

Oxygen vacancies and their effects on electrical conduction in some metal oxides were considered through an exact solution of the equilibrium relations between oxygen partial pressure in the ambient gas and concentrations of oxygen vacancies and conduction electrons in the oxide. The mass-action law was assumed but no state of ionization of oxygen vacancies was neglected. Concentrations of electrons in conduction states and total oxygen vacancies were considered. The results, which possess considerable complexity not contained in the usual limiting-case solutions, were compared with pertinent experiments.
Sub-0.1-μm T-shaped gate fabrication technology using mixing-layer sidewalls in a double-layer resist system (1994)

In this paper, we report on a novel fabrication technique for sub-0.1-μm T-shaped gates for ultrahigh frequency field effect transistors using the mixing layer generated in a double-layer resist system. The typical resist layer structure in this work consists of a 1.1-μm ultraviolet (UV) resist, PFI-15A, and a 0.15-μm electron-beam (EB) resist, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). First the PMMA layer is spin-coated, exposed by EB, and developed to define the gate footprint. Next the PFI-15A layer is spin-coated and exposed with i-line stepper for the gate top, then developed using an image reversal method to obtain an undercut opening. A mixing layer is created at the interface between the resists by the method. This layer acts as a sidewall which reduces the initial PMMA pattern size by 30–40 nm. A T-shaped gate of a 70-nm footprint is fabricated from a 0.1-μm initial linewidth in PMMA using a lift-off process.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIABLE CAPACITY ROTARY COMPRESSOR PART II : DESIGN OF RELIABLE CLUTCHING MECHANISM (2004)

A novel rotary compressor that controls capacity mechanically without any electronic frequency modulation has been developed.Its major difference from the typical variable capacity compressors that have two cylinders is the variable displacements alternatively operate at each stage according to the external loading condition.Due to its structural characteristics having an idle cylinder and controlling the eccentricity by rotation direction of shaft, several problems against the stability of the system may occur.To get rid of such reliability problems, a latching mechanism is developed with the aid of TRIZ, which was developed by Altshuller.In this paper, we will present brief explanations on the new mechanism and test results from a full-scale prototype.
Cardiac Myosin Binding Protein C Insufficiency Leads to Early Onset of Mechanical Dysfunction (2011)

Modest decreases in cMyBPC expression in the mouse heart result in early-onset subtle changes in cross-bridge kinetics and in vivo LV mechanical function, which could contribute to the development of HCM later in life.
A new hematite photoanode doping strategy for solar water splitting: oxygen vacancy generation (2012)

The enhancement of the electrical conductivity by doping is important in hematite (α-Fe(2)O(3)) photoanodes for efficient solar water oxidation. However, in spite of many successful demonstrations using extrinsic dopants, such as Sn, Ti, and Si, the achieved photocurrent is still lower than the practical requirement. There is still lack of our understanding of how intrinsic oxygen defects can change the photocurrent and interact with the extrinsic dopants. In this study, we systematically investigate the interplay of oxygen vacancies and extrinsic Sn dopants in the context of photoanodic properties. As a result, we demonstrate that the controlled generation of oxygen vacancies can activate the photoactivity of pure hematite remarkably and further enhance the Sn doping effects synergistically. Furthermore, the correlated behavior of oxygen vacancies and Sn dopants is closely linked to the variation of electrical conductance and results in the optimum concentration region to show the high photocurrent and low onset voltage.
Ultra-low-modulus Positive-type Photosensitive Polyimides (4). Improvement of Adhesion Strength with Copper Foil (2009)

Amide- and triazine-containing diamines were incorporated by copolymerization into a siloxane-containing ultra-low-modulus polyimide (PI) as a novel cover layer material to solve some serious problems in the plating process such as interpenetration of an acidic plating solution into the interface between the S-side of electro-deposited copper foil and the cover layer. Our previous approach, a physical roughness modification of the S-side was effective to inhibit the interpenetration of the plating solution. This result suggests that the Cu/cover layer adhesion strength can be an important factor in the present case. The present work describes our chemical approach to increase the adhesion strength by using some heterocyclic monomers expected as adhesion promoters. The modified siloxane-containing PI possessed significant film toughness in spite of their low inherent viscosities. Unfortunately, the use of the amide- and triazine-containing diamines with minor contents (5?20 mol %) did not enhance the peel strength, however, the initial peel strength was almost maintained at 5 mol% without curling in the copper clad laminates (CCL), although the value significantly decreased at higher contents (10?20 mol%) with a prompt increase in the tensile modulus of the PI films and concomitant CCL curling. The results suggest that the decreased peel strength is closely related to the increased modulus of the PIs. Other properties (thermal and electrical properties, resistance to plating solutions, and photosensitivity etc.) of the modified siloxane-containing PIs will be also discussed in this work.
Fast packet scheduling assuring fairness and quality of service in HSDPA (2004)

We consider packet scheduling in high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) networks in the presence of heterogeneous channels. In this case, proportional fairness (PF) scheduling and its enhanced version, the data rate control (DRC) exponent rule, fail to achieve the goal of providing fair data rates to users. We propose a new scheduling policy that resolves this problem. The proposed adaptive proportional fairness (APF) scheduling is shown to ensure proportional fairness even for users experiencing different channel conditions. The APF algorithm is subdivided into two modules: a short term module, which consists of an enhanced version of the selection criterion adopted in the DRC exponential rule, and a long-term monitoring module, in which we have updating of the control parameters that we introduce to ensure fairness among users. Simulation results and comparisons, provided for the best-effort mode of operation, show the high efficiency of our approach compared to proportional fairness scheduling.
Inhibitory effects of 9‐anilinoacridines on <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocytes (2001)

Summary Two gametocyte‐producing isolates of Plasmodium falciparum , KT1 and KT3, were cultivated in vitro . On day 11 of cultivation, pure gametocytes containing stage II, III and IV were used to test the gametocytocidal activity of 9‐anilinoacridines that had previously demonstrated their activity against the asexual stage of the parasite. After drug exposure for 48 h, gametocytes were maintained without drugs for another 2 days before thin films were prepared for parasite counting. Gametocytocidal activities of 13 analogs of 9‐anilinoacridine were observed with 50% inhibitory concentrations in the range of 0.6 μ m to > 100 μ m . The most active compound was 1′‐CH 2 NMe 2 ‐9‐anilinoacridine. Anilinoacridine derivatives with 3,6‐diamino substitution had reduced gametocytocidal activity in contrast to their enhancing effect against the asexual forms. Morphological abnormalities of gametocytes were observed following drug exposure.
Convolutional Clustering for Unsupervised Learning (2015)

The task of labeling data for training deep neural networks is daunting and tedious, requiring millions of labels to achieve the current state-of-the-art results. Such reliance on large amounts of labeled data can be relaxed by exploiting hierarchical features via unsupervised learning techniques. In this work, we propose to train a deep convolutional network based on an enhanced version of the k-means clustering algorithm, which reduces the number of correlated parameters in the form of similar filters, and thus increases test categorization accuracy. We call our algorithm convolutional k-means clustering. We further show that learning the connection between the layers of a deep convolutional neural network improves its ability to be trained on a smaller amount of labeled data. Our experiments show that the proposed algorithm outperforms other techniques that learn filters unsupervised. Specifically, we obtained a test accuracy of 74.1% on STL-10 and a test error of 0.5% on MNIST.
Total solid-phase synthesis and prolactin-inhibiting activity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor protein and the gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide (1992)

The human gonadotropin-releasing hormone precursor protein, pHGnRH (Met-23-Ile69) (preproGnRH), and three of its fragment peptides, pHGnRH (Asp14-Ile69) (gonadotropin-releasing hormone associated peptide--GAP), pHGnRH (Phe38-Ile69), and pHGnRH (Ser47-Ile69), were assembled in a stepwise solid-phase cosynthesis employing Boc/Bzl tactics and an optimized acylation schedule which included recoupling steps with hexafluoro-2-propanol to help overcome the aggregation of the pendant peptide chains of the peptidoresin during difficult couplings. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification yielded products which were characterized by analytical reversed-phase HPLC, ion-exchange chromatography, capillary zone electrophoresis, SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and ion-spray mass spectrometry to reveal a high degree of homogeneity. Biological characterization demonstrated that only GAP stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone release from primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells, while GAP, pHGnRH (Phe38-Ile69), and preproGnRH all inhibited prolactin release, with the latter being the most potent at concentrations comparable to bromocryptine. However, only GAP and pHGnRH (Phe38-Ile69) were able to displace a labeled gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist from binding to rat pituitary membrane preparations. This first demonstration of significant biological activity with a precursor protein also suggests that the gonadotropin-releasing and prolactin release-inhibiting functions of GAP are not mediated through the same pituitary receptors.
Joining of polymers and polymer–metal hybrid structures: Recent developments and trends (2009)

Abstract The development of new materials and fabrication techniques has become a matter of success for industrial sectors such as transportation. Polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal structures are being increasingly employed in several products mainly due to the associated weight savings. The main joining methods for polymer and polymeric composites are mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, and welding. On the other hand, polymer–metal structures are more difficult to join by traditional joining methods, mostly due to their strong dissimilar physical–chemical features. Constant efforts on developing improved alternative joining techniques for these hybrid structures, such as the FricRiveting and injection over molding, have contributed to the dissemination of such structures in industrial applications. This work shows that the field of joining of polymers, polymeric composites, and polymer–metal hybrid structures for industrial applications is still a growing research and development area. This is due to the increasing aspirations for more environmental‐friendly technologies and lightweight materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Second Text Retrieval Conference (TRE C-2) Proceedings (1995)

From the Publisher:
Held Aug. 31-Sep. 2, 1993. The conference was co-sponsored by the National Inst. of Standards & Technology (NIST) & the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) & was attended by 150 people involved in the 31 participating groups. Evaluates new technologies in text retrieval, such as: natural language text retrieval, query vectors, knowledge-based searching, MatchPlus, probabilistic equations, Okapi, Clarit-TREC-2 system, semantic indexing, & more. Numerous graphs, tables & charts.
Mucolytics, Expectorants, and Mucokinetic Medications (2007)

In health, the airways are lined by a layer of protective mucus gel that sits atop a watery periciliary fluid. Mucus is an adhesive, viscoelastic gel, the biophysical properties of which are largely determined by entanglements of long polymeric gel-forming mucins, MUC5AC and MUC5B. This layer entraps and clears bacteria and inhibits bacterial growth and biofilm formation. It also protects the airway from inhaled irritants and from fluid loss. In diseases such as cystic fibrosis there is almost no mucin (and thus no mucus) in the airway; secretions consist of inflammatory-cell derived DNA and filamentous actin polymers, which is similar to pus. Retention of this airway pus leads to ongoing inflammation and airway damage. Mucoactive medications include expectorants, mucolytics, and mucokinetic drugs. Expectorants are meant to increase the volume of airway water or secretion in order to increase the effectiveness of cough. Although expectorants, such as guaifenesin (eg, Robatussin or Mucinex), are sold over the counter, there is no evidence that they are effective for the therapy of any form of lung disease, and when administered in combination with a cough suppressant such as dextromethorphan (the "DM" in some medication names) there is a potential risk of increased airway obstruction. Hyperosmolar saline and mannitol powder are now being used as expectorants in cystic fibrosis. Mucolytics that depolymerize mucin, such as N-acetylcysteine, have no proven benefit and carry a risk of epithelial damage when administered via aerosol. DNA-active medications such as dornase alfa (Pulmozyme) and potentially actin-depolymerizing drugs such as thymosin beta(4) may be of value in helping to break down airway pus. Mucokinetic agents can increase the effectiveness of cough, either by increasing expiratory cough airflow or by unsticking highly adhesive secretions from the airway walls. Aerosol surfactant is one of the most promising of this class of medications.
Inhibition of caspase‐3‐like activity prevents apoptosis while retaining functionality of human chondrocytes <i>in vitro</i> (2000)

Apoptosis was induced in a human chondrocyte cell line, T/C 28a4, by treatment with various stimuli, including camptothecin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, staurosporine, okadaic acid, and reduced serum conditions. All stimuli induced a cytosolic DEVDase activity, coincident with apoptosis. Caspase activities in the lysates were characterized and quantitated with peptide cleavage profiles. To confirm that the results were not related to the immortalized nature of the cell line, primary human chondrocytes also were shown to undergo apoptosis under similar conditions, which resulted in increased cytosolic DEVDase activity. There was little or no caspase-1 (interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme) or caspase-8-like activity in the apoptotic cells. In all cases, the irreversible nonselective caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK, and the caspase-3-selective inhibitor, Ac-DMQD-CHO, inhibited DEVDase activity and apoptosis, whereas the caspase-1-selective inhibitor, Ac-YVAD-CHO, had no effect. Human chondrocytes were stably and transiently transfected with a type-II collagen gene (COL2A1) regulatory sequence driving a luciferase reporter as a specific marker of chondrocyte gene expression. Treatment of the cells with camptothecin or tumor necrosis factor-alpha plus cycloheximide significantly inhibited COL2A1 transcriptional activity. Significantly, cotreatment with Z-VAD-FMK or Ac-DMQD-CHO maintained COL2A1-reporter gene activity, indicating that the prevention of apoptosis by caspase-3 inhibition was sufficient to maintain cell functionality as assessed by the retention of type-II collagen promoter activity.
Video Superresolution via Motion Compensation and Deep Residual Learning (2017)

Video superresolution (SR) techniques are of essential usages for high-resolution display devices due to the current lack of high-resolution videos. Although many algorithms have been proposed, video SR still remains a very challenging inverse problem under different conditions. In this paper, we propose a new method for video SR named motion compensation and residual net (MCResNet). We use optical flow algorithm for motion estimation and motion compensation as a preprocessing step. Then, we employ a novel deep residual convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict a high-resolution image using multiple motion compensated observations. The new residual CNN model preserves the low-frequency contents and facilitates the restoration of high-frequency details. Our method is able to handle large and complex motions adaptively. Extensive experimental results validate that our proposed method outperforms state-of-the-art single-image-based and multi-frame-based algorithms for video SR quantitatively and qualitatively.
Simultaneous temperature and bend sensing with long-period fiber gratings (2000)

Long-period gratings (LPG's) written in commercially available boron-codoped fibers operating at wavelengths of <1.1mum are shown to exhibit high temperature and bending sensitivities. Each resonant attenuation band of such LPG's was observed to split in two when the LPG's were bent. The split attenuation bands' separation increased significantly with increasing bend curvature, and the central wavelengths of the split bands provided a measure of temperature. We exploit this effect to allow for simultaneous measurement of temperature and bending in smart-structure applications. The demonstrated novel sensor system is simple and low cost.
Characterization of the sulfate-reducing and syntrophic population in granular sludge from a full-scale anaerobic reactor treating papermill wastewater (1998)

To gain more insight into the competitive and syntrophic interactions between sulfate-reducing and methanogenic consortia in sulfate-limited anaerobic reactors, the microbial population in granular sludge from a full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was studied, using the 16S rRNA dot-blot hybridization method in combination with most probable number estimates. The wastewater which was treated in the UASB reactor contained mainly starch, acetate, propionate, butyrate and formate, and had a chemical oxygen demand/sulfate ratio of 9.5. Evidence was obtained that acetate was mainly degraded by <it>Methanosaeta</it>-like microorganisms, while propionate was the preferred substrate for sulfate reduction. The <it>Desulfobulbus</it>-like propionate-degrading sulfate reducers in the sludge competed with <it>Syntrophobacter</it>-like bacteria for the available propionate. Hydrogen and formate were probably mainly degraded via methanogenesis by members of the order Methanobacteriales. Hydrogen, formate and butyrate-degrading sulfate reducers could not be characterized with the 16S rRNA probes available to date. The same was true for syntrophic butyrate degraders.
A longitudinal study of follow predictors on twitter (2013)

Follower count is important to Twitter users: it can indicate popularity and prestige. Yet, holistically, little is understood about what factors -- like social behavior, message content, and network structure - lead to more followers. Such information could help technologists design and build tools that help users grow their audiences. In this paper, we study 507 Twitter users and a half-million of their tweets over 15 months. Marrying a longitudinal approach with a negative binomial auto-regression model, we find that variables for message content, social behavior, and network structure should be given equal consideration when predicting link formations on Twitter. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study of follow predictors, and the first to show that the relative contributions of social behavior and mes-sage content are just as impactful as factors related to social network structure for predicting growth of online social networks. We conclude with practical and theoretical implications for designing social media technologies.
2012 Update of the 2008 American College of Rheumatology recommendations for the use of disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs and biologic agents in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (2012)

Peer Reviewed
Typhlochactas sylvestris, A New Eyeless Scorpion from Montane Forest Litter in Mexico (Scorpionida, Chactidae, Typhlochactinae) (1977)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Macroalgal Endophytes from the Atlantic Coast of Canada: A Potential Source of Antibiotic Natural Products? (2013)

As the need for new and more effective antibiotics increases, untapped sources of biodiversity are being explored in an effort to provide lead structures for drug discovery. Endophytic fungi from marine macroalgae have been identified as a potential source of biologically active natural products, although data to support this is limited. To assess the antibiotic potential of temperate macroalgal endophytes we isolated endophytic fungi from algae collected in the Bay of Fundy, Canada and screened fungal extracts for the presence of antimicrobial compounds. A total of 79 endophytes were isolated from 7 species of red, 4 species of brown, and 3 species of green algae. Twenty of the endophytes were identified to the genus or species level, with the remaining isolates designated codes according to their morphology. Bioactivity screening assays performed on extracts of the fermentation broths and mycelia of the isolates revealed that 43 endophytes exhibited antibacterial activity, with 32 displaying antifungal activity. Endophytic fungi from Bay of Fundy macroalgae therefore represent a significant source of antibiotic natural products and warrant further detailed investigation.