gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Radar image modeling: a 3D spectral domain approach</title> (1996)

We developed a 3D model to simulate the radar image formation process of natural surfaces. This 3D model is divided into two main parts. First, the radar system is modeled using a 3D point spread function (PSF). Second, the observed terrain is modeled using 3D randomly distributed scatterers as well as predetermined scatterer positions. The image formation process involved the convolution of the PSF with the terrain model, the extraction of signal envelope and sampling in the range and azimuthal directions. To enhance the computing efficiency of the convolution process we transpose the problem into the Fourier domain. Our 3D model is useful to study the parameters involved in the formation and the analysis of radar images.
Two-dimensional signal transmission technology for robotics (2004)

The forms of communication available now are categorized into the one or three dimensional. One dimensional communication includes metal wires and optical fibers in which the electro-magnetic field is confined in one dimensional medium. Wireless communication based on RF or optical connection emits electro-magnetic field in 3-D space. Now what if we have "two-dimensional communication" in which signals travels from one point to another point freely in elastic two-dimensional space using electromagnetic field confined in 2-D space? In this paper, we describe such a new technology of 2-D communication brings new paradigm to robotics. The methodologies of machine-design, system-integration, sensing, and computing will be drastically changed. We show architecture of the 2-D signal transmission based on relaying packets between communication chips on a thin sheet, the physical structure of the 2-D signal transmission, the protocols of the signal relay, and the results of the basic experiments.
MERCURATED 1-METHYL-1,2-DIHYDRO-BENZOFURANS (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMERCURATED 1-METHYL-1,2-DIHYDRO-BENZOFURANSLindley E. Mills and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 7, 1842–1854Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01660a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01660a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Surface and contact properties of GaAs overlaid by silver (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. M. Palau, E. Testemale, A. Ismail, L. Lassabatere; Surface and contact properties of GaAs overlaid by silver. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 May 1982; 21 (1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.571739 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Determination of Tip-Sample Interaction Potentials by Dynamic Force Spectroscopy (1999)

We introduce a new method which allows the precise determination of the tip-sample interaction potentials with an atomic force microscope and avoids the so-called ``jump to contact'' of the tip to the sample surface. The method is based on the measurement of the resonance frequency as a function of the resonance amplitude of the oscillated cantilever. The application of this method to model potentials and to experimental data, obtained for a graphite sample and a silicon tip in ultrahigh vacuum, demonstrates its reliability.
Multi-pass pipeline rendering (1997)

A coordinated use of hardwareprovided bltplanes and rendering pipelines can create fast ray traced quality illumination effects for dynamic environments by using Multi-pass Pipeline Rendering (MPR) techniques. We provide recttrsive reflections and refractions through the use of secondary viewpoints and projective image mapping. We extend the traditional use of shadow volumes to provide global direct illumination effects which fit into our recursive viewpoint paradiim. Hardware surface shading is fit to a physicallybaaed BRDF to provide a better local model, and the framework permits incorporation of indirect illumination as well. Furthermore, material transmittance is approximated using an extension to projective textures. Together, these techniques provide a platform for producing realistic images in highly dynamic environments. While most appropriate for scenes which specular components contribute largely to the secondary illumination, the integration of MPR with indirect racliosity solutions also provides a dynamic solution for highly diffuse environments. These techniques are immediately applicable to areas such as walkthroughs, animation, and interactive dynamic environments to produce more realistic images in near real-time.
The Frequency of<i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i>Major Outer Membrane Protein-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup>T Lymphocytes in Active Trachoma Is Associated with Current Ocular Infection (2006)

Chlamydia-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are able to control model infections but may be implicated in disease pathogenesis. HLA-A2 peptide tetramers to Chlamydia trachomatis major outer membrane protein 258-266 (MOMP258-266) and MOMP260-268 were used to characterize HLA class I-restricted CD8+ T cells in Gambian children aged 4 to 15 years with clinical signs of active trachoma and/or infection with C. trachomatis. The frequencies of circulating HLA-A2 tetramer binding cells (TBC) were determined in whole blood samples by flow cytometric analysis. Initial screening of subjects with an anti-HLA-A2 antibody confirmed the presence of either HLA-A2 or HLA-A28. These were subsequently further divided by molecular subtyping. The C. trachomatis-specific HLA-A2 peptide tetramers were able to bind T cells with receptors from subjects which were restricted by either the HLA-A2 or the HLA-A28 restriction element. In this population, the median value of C. trachomatis-specific CD8+ T cells was 0.02%, with frequencies of up to 3.71% of CD8+ T cells reactive with a single tetramer in a minority of subjects. TBC were detected more often in subjects who were infected at the ocular surface, and their presence was associated with infection episodes of longer duration. Detection of C. trachomatis-specific TBC was not associated with the presence of disease or with the estimated load of ocular C. trachomatis infection at the time of sample collection. High frequencies of C. trachomatis-specific cells did not predict subsequent appearance or resolution of the clinical disease signs of active trachoma.
Flexibly Connectable Light Field System For Free View Exploration (2019)

Conventional captured-image-based virtual reality (VR) systems have three degrees of freedom (DoFs), where only rotational user motion is tracked for view rendering. This is a major cause of the reduced sense of reality. To increase user immersion levels akin to the real world, 3-DoF+ VR systems that support not only rotational but also translational view changes have been proposed. The light-field (LF) approach is suitable for this type of 3-DoF+ VR because it renders a view from a free view position by simply combining lights. Many previous systems have limited scalability because they assume a single LF for the acquisition and representation of light. One recent work connects multiple LFs at a physical intersection to increase the scalability. However, these fixed connection points limit the renderable view range and the layout of multiple LFs. Furthermore, in conventional single- or multiple-LF systems, the representable ranges of the view positions are highly dependent on the input field-of-view (FOV) of the camera used. In order to realize a wide view exploration range, the above-mentioned limitations must be overcome. This paper proposes a flexible connection scheme for multiple-LF systems taking advantage of the constant radiance of rays in LF theory. The proposed flexibly connectable LF system is able to widen the range of the renderable view position under reasonable conditions of the camera FOV. A light-field unit (LFU) which uses the proposed flexible connection is implemented. The LFU has a square-shaped structure and is thus easily stackable. This offers the advantage of dramatically expanding the scope of view explorations. The proposed LFU achieves 3-DoF+ VR with good quality as well as high scalability. Its cost-performance outcome is also better compared to those in previous works.
Linear arrays: Currents, impedances, and fields, I (1959)

The radiation field of dipoles is usually expressed in the form of a product of a field factor and one or more array factors. Actually, such a formulation depends on the implicit assumption that the distributions of current along all elements are the same regardless of the location in the array or differences in driving conditions. Since this is a satisfactory approximation only when the elements are near a half-wavelength long, a study of the fields of arrays of longer elements in terms of the actual distributions of current is indicated. The available solutions of the simultaneous integral equations for the distributions of current in a circular array of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> -parallel elements are adequate in a quantitative sense only for arrays of approximately half-wave elements. Moreover, the form of the solution as a series of complicated terms is quite useless (except in the leading sinusoidal term) when the determination of the radiation field is desired. For this reason, a new solution for the currents, which provides a good approximation for the currents in arrays of elements that may be a full wavelength long or longer, and which is expressed in terms of combinations of simple trigonometric functions, is derived. The new solution is used to determine the currents in and the fields of isolated half-wave and full-wave dipoles more accurately than with the conventional sinusoidal currents. The currents, impedances, and fields of a two-element array of full-wave elements are studied under various driving conditions including the broadside, bilateral end-fire, unilateral end-fire or couplet, and the case when one of the elements is parasitic. It is shown that the null in the conventional pattern for the couplet with identically distributed currents becomes a minor maximum with an amplitude equal to half that of the principal maximum when the more accurate distributions of current are used. The significance of this fact in its application to the minor lobe structure of more general arrays is considered. The usefulness of the new theory in determining the radiation field of parallel arrays, in general and when scanned, is discussed, and plans for further work are outlined.
Research and implementation of heterogeneous data sharing (2010)

For the heterogeneous database management system, the common method is used the XML document as the virtual Intermediary when realizing the information sharing. The disadvantege of this method is that the data is limited, the details of the implementation is complicated, and the information security is too low. By researching the Caché database echnology, designed a new database management system to solve this problem. By testing the system, the performance is stable, it improved the efficiency of the data access, and the information security.
2-D Deposition Pattern and Strategy Study on Rapid Manufacturing (2006)

Different from the traditional machining processes, the quality of parts produced by the metal deposition process is much more dependent upon the choice of deposition paths. Due to the nature of the metal deposition processes, various tool path patterns will result in different shapes in the metal deposition process with about the same input geometry. This paper presents the research conducted on the effect of various scanning patterns and strategies for the deposition results. Triangle and rectangle patterns are selected as basic 2-D “cells” to plan the scanning path. Several criteria, like minimum angle, minimum length of edge, etc. are defined to categorize the different “cell” shapes. Based on deposition results, the suitable patterns are determined for each type. The previously defined patterns are applied for each cell in order to achieve the optimal quality. The experiment has demonstrated that the pattern and strategy selection has improved the deposition quality significantly.
Improper Hydrogen Bonded Cyclohexane C–H<sub>ax</sub>···Y<sub>ax</sub>Contacts: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Evidence from<sup>1</sup>H NMR Spectroscopy of Suitable Axial Cyclohexane Models (2011)

C-H(ax)···Y(ax) contacts are a textbook prototype of steric hindrance in organic chemistry. The nature of these contacts is investigated in this work. MP2/6-31+G(d,p) calculations predicted the presence of improper hydrogen bonded C-H(ax)···Y(ax) contacts of different strength in substituted cyclohexane rings. To support the theoretical predictions with experimental evidence, several synthetic 2-substituted adamantane analogues (1-24) with suitable improper H-bonded C-H(ax)···Y(ax) contacts of different strength were used as models of a substituted cyclohexane ring. The (1)H NMR signal separation, Δδ(γ-CH(2)), within the cyclohexane ring γ-CH(2)s is raised when the MP2/6-31+G(d,p) calculated parameters, reflecting the strength of the H-bonded C-H(ax)···Y(ax) contact, are increased. In molecules with enhanced improper H-bonded contacts C-H(ax)···Y(ax), like those having sterically crowded contacts (Y(ax) = t-Bu) or contacts including considerable electrostatic attractions (Y(ax) = O-C or O═C) the calculated DFT steric energies of the γ-axial hydrogens are considerably reduced reflecting their electron cloud compression. The results suggest that the proton H(ax) electron cloud compression, caused by the C-H(ax)···Y(ax) contacts, and the resulting increase in Δδ(γ-CH(2)) value can be effected not just from van der Waals spheres compression, but more generally from electrostatic attraction forces and van der Waals repulsion, both of which are improper H-bonding components.
Engaging Anaphase Catastrophe Mechanisms to Eradicate Aneuploid Cancers (2018)

Cancer cells often have supernumerary centrosomes that promote genomic instability, a pathognomonic feature of cancer. During mitosis, cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes undergo bipolar cell division by clustering centrosomes into two poles. When supernumerary centrosome clustering is antagonized, cancer cells are forced to undergo multipolar division leading to death of daughter cells. This proapoptotic pathway, called anaphase catastrophe, preferentially eliminates aneuploid cancer cells and malignant tumors in engineered mouse models. Anaphase catastrophe occurs through the loss or inhibition of the centrosomal protein CP110, a direct cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and CDK2 target. Intriguingly, CP110 is repressed by the <i>KRAS</i> oncoprotein. This sensitizes <i>KRAS</i>-driven lung cancers (an unmet medical need) to respond to CDK2 inhibitors. Anaphase catastrophe-inducing agents like CDK1 and CDK2 antagonists are lethal to cancer cells with supernumerary centrosomes, but can relatively spare normal cells with two centrosomes. This mechanism is proposed to provide a therapeutic window in the cancer clinic following treatment with a CDK1 or CDK2 inhibitor. Taken together, anaphase catastrophe is a clinically tractable mechanism that promotes death of neoplastic tumors with aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(4); 724-31. ©2018 AACR</i>.
EFFECTS OF FUNCTIONAL DAIRY BASED PROTEINS ON NONFAT YOGURT QUALITY (2008)

ABSTRACT Production of nonfat yogurt demands a careful control of quality parameters. It is common to use skim milk powder (SMP) to increase the total solid content of nonfat yogurt, but some functional dairy‐based proteins, such as casein/caseinates and whey proteins, may improve the quality of nonfat yogurt. The objectives of this study were to use whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCn) and yogurt texture improver (TI) in nonfat yogurt manufacture as an alternative for SMP, and to compare their potential influences on the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurts over a 12‐day storage. All dry ingredients were added at 1% (w/v) concentration to yogurt milk. Yogurts differed from each other with different hardness values. Acetaldehyde contents of yogurts were in the range of 35–43 ppm. The acetaldehyde content of all yogurt types decreased during storage. The control yogurt had the most tyrosine content, and the WPI‐fortified yogurt had the least. Using different dry dairy ingredients did not affect the numbers of starter cultures. In addition, no significant differences were observed among yogurt types regarding their mineral composition. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Functional dry dairy ingredients can be used to increase the total solid content of nonfat yogurt instead of using skim milk powder (SMP) or evaporation. Their high protein content, water‐binding capacity, texture improvement properties and health benefits make these proteins suited for use in nonfat yogurts. This study compares the possible effects of using whey protein isolate (WPI), sodium caseinate (NaCn) and yogurt texture improver (TI) as an alternative for SMP on the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurts. It was found that substitution of SMP for WPI, NaCn and TI at the level of 1% affected the physical, chemical and microbial properties of nonfat yogurt.
Mechanical treatment of heart failure: the growing role of LVADs and artificial hearts. (2003)

Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and artificial hearts are improving. These devices can prolong a patient's life while on a heart transplant list. More exciting, mechanical assistance may provide an opportunity for a damaged heart to recover some function. Still, despite the promise, the use of these devices raises some difficult cost-benefit and ethical questions.
A traffic-aware controller design for next generation software defined networks (2013)

The tremendous increase in the mobile traffic requirements and the growing demands of large scale Cloud data centers have lead the network administrators to seek new management approaches. The Software Defined Networks (SDN) has raised as a promising solution providing more effective, programmable and granular configurations in order to isolate all the dynamic traffic requirements and spiky changes in the physical topological status of the networks from the network management. In this paper, we propose a novel SDN Controller which classifies the network traffic types according to the heterogeneous Quality of Service requirements that the network data is separated into the Constant Bit Rate (CBR) based realtime traffic and File Transfer Protocol (FTP) based non-real time traffic. Some crucial traffic flow parameters such as packet delivery ratio, routing overhead and delay are also considered in this classification. A novel protocol header is also generated by the proposed SDN controller in order to disseminate the necessary information through the L2/L3 switches in the Data Plane. This header is composed of the Parameter, Rule, Controller Action subfields. The proposed SDN controller decides the most effective network deployment strategy, i.e. either becoming an ad-hoc or being centralized, using the traffic types, network parameters and the header information. A detailed performance evaluation is provided which indicates the efficiency of the proposed SDN controller while deciding necessary deployment considering the heterogeneous traffic types as well as the increased number of users in the topology.
Zincosilicate CIT-6:  A Precursor to a Family of *BEA-Type Molecular Sieves (1999)

Zincosilicate CIT-6 (California Institute of Technology number 6) that has the *BEA-type structure is synthesized at hydrothermal conditions in the presence of tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH), Li+, and Zn2+. As opposed to zeolite beta, TEA cations can be easily extracted with acetic acid containing solution from CIT-6 because the interaction between the TEA cations and CIT-6 framework is weak. The extraction at 135 °C simultaneously removes TEA cations and zinc and forms a highly hydrophobic Si−CIT-6 with very little defects. Al-containing CIT-6 can be prepared by either extracting TEA cations from as-made Al-containing CIT-6 or inserting aluminum into CIT-6 extracted at 60 °C. 29Si NMR and water adsorption data indicate that the aluminum-containing materials are different from zeolite beta prepared via direct synthesis. CIT-6 is thus shown to be a useful precursor to prepare a wide range of new molecular sieve materials that are of the *BEA type.
Prevalence and Incidence of Androgen Deficiency in Middle-Aged and Older Men: Estimates from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (2004)

Little is known about the descriptive epidemiology of androgen deficiency. In this study, we sought to address this issue by providing estimates of the crude and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates of androgen deficiency in a randomly sampled population-based cohort of middle-aged and older men. Data on androgen deficiency (defined using both signs/symptoms plus total and calculated free testosterone) were available for n = 1691 (baseline) and n = 1087 (follow-up) men from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study. Crude and age-specific prevalence and incidence rates were calculated. Based on these estimates, projections for the number of cases of androgen deficiency in the 40- to 69-yr-old U.S. male population were computed. Estimates of the crude prevalence of androgen deficiency at baseline and follow-up were 6.0 and 12.3%, respectively. Prevalence increased significantly with age. From baseline age-specific prevalence data, it is estimated that there are approximately 2.4 million 40- to 69-yr-old U.S. males with androgen deficiency. The crude incidence rate of androgen deficiency was 12.3 per 1,000 person-years, and the rate increased significantly (P < 0.0001) with age. Based on these incidence data, we can expect approximately 481,000 new cases of androgen deficiency per year in U.S. men 40-69 yr old.