gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dehydration of C<sub>5</sub>−C<sub>12</sub> Linear 1-Alcohols over η-Alumina to Fuel Ethers (2009)

Naphtha from low temperature Fischer−Tropsch (LTFT) synthesis is rich in n-paraffins, but it also contains alcohols and olefins. These alcohols and olefins can be converted into linear fuel ethers and olefin dimers to improve the overall yield and quality of distillate from LTFT refining. The reaction network was studied for the conversion of 1-pentanol, 1-hexanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, 1-nonanol, 1-decanol, and 1-dodecanol over an η-alumina catalyst in a fixed bed flow reactor at 250−350 °C, 0−4 MPa, and WHSV of 1−4 h−1. The main products were the corresponding linear ethers and linear α-olefins. The highest ether yield (54%) was obtained at 300 °C, 1 MPa, and WHSV of 1 h−1 (unoptimized conditions). The main side-products were aldehydes and olefin dimers. Dehydration occurred predominantly on Lewis acid sites, with acid-catalyzed side-reactions taking place over Brønsted acid sites and dehydrogenation taking place over basic and/or redox sites. Dehydration to produce 2-olefins was cis-selective and occurred mainly over Lewis acid sites by dehydration−hydration−dehydration. GC-FID response factors for di-n-butyl ether and heavier linear ethers were determined experimentally. The GC-FID response factors were expressed in terms of the equivalent carbon number (ECN) concept as an ECN of −0.6 ± 0.1 for the linear ether oxygen atom, and this value could be mechanistically justified (literature ECN is −1.0).
Isolation of brush-border membrane from the rabbit descending colon epithelium. Partial characterization of a unique K+-activated ATPase. (1981)

The mechanisms of ion movement across the apical membrane of the colon have previously been investigated only in intact tissue. To investigate these mechanisms directly, we have undertaken the isolation and characterization of the apical brush-border membrane of the rabbit descending colon. The purification protocol consists of an initial isolation of single epithelial cells after dissociation of the mucosal layer in EDTA, a high pH (8.3), low ionic strength homogenization of the cells, and differential centrifugation and separation of apical membrane from nuclei, and filamentous material on a 7.5% Percoll gradient. A 20-fold enrichment in alkaline phosphatase (an apical membrane enzyme marker) specific activity over the initial homogenate value is observed in the final membrane fraction. This fraction also contains a K+-activated, pH 7.8, optimum ATPase (20 times purified over homogenate) with the following properties: 1) low Kact (2 X 10(-4) M) for K+; 2) resistance to high ionic strength (1 M Tris) solubilization; 3) competitive inhibition by Na+ (K1 = 14 mM), no activation by Na+; 4) inhibition by orthovanadate (K1 = 40 nM), but no effect of oligomycin (20 micrograms/ml of protein) or ouabain (10(-3) M); and 5) a K+-sensitive phosphorylated intermediate. These characteristics suggest that this membrane-bound ATPase is distinct from other known ATPases including the Na+ + K+ - ATPase-Na+ pump of the basolateral membrane.
The Circadian Clock Protein Timeless Regulates Phagocytosis of Bacteria in Drosophila (2012)

Survival of bacterial infection is the result of complex host-pathogen interactions. An often-overlooked aspect of these interactions is the circadian state of the host. Previously, we demonstrated that Drosophila mutants lacking the circadian regulatory proteins Timeless (Tim) and Period (Per) are sensitive to infection by S. pneumoniae. Sensitivity to infection can be mediated either by changes in resistance (control of microbial load) or tolerance (endurance of the pathogenic effects of infection). Here we show that Tim regulates resistance against both S. pneumoniae and S. marcescens. We set out to characterize and identify the underlying mechanism of resistance that is circadian-regulated. Using S. pneumoniae, we found that resistance oscillates daily in adult wild-type flies and that these oscillations are absent in Tim mutants. Drosophila have at least three main resistance mechanisms to kill high levels of bacteria in their hemolymph: melanization, antimicrobial peptides, and phagocytosis. We found that melanization is not circadian-regulated. We further found that basal levels of AMP gene expression exhibit time-of-day oscillations but that these are Tim-independent; moreover, infection-induced AMP gene expression is not circadian-regulated. We then show that phagocytosis is circadian-regulated. Wild-type flies exhibit up-regulated phagocytic activity at night; Tim mutants have normal phagocytic activity during the day but lack this night-time peak. Tim appears to regulate an upstream event in phagocytosis, such as bacterial recognition or activation of phagocytic hemocytes. Interestingly, inhibition of phagocytosis in wild type flies results in survival kinetics similar to Tim mutants after infection with S. pneumoniae. Taken together, these results suggest that loss of circadian oscillation of a specific immune function (phagocytosis) can have significant effects on long-term survival of infection.
Mutation of Hip’s Carboxy-Terminal Region Inhibits a Transitional Stage of Progesterone Receptor Assembly (1998)

Steroid receptor complexes are assembled through an ordered, multistep pathway involving multiple components of the cytoplasmic chaperone machinery. Two of these components are Hsp70-binding proteins, Hip and Hop, that have some limited homology in their C-terminal regions, outside the sequences mapped for Hsp70 binding. Within this region of Hip is a DPEV sequence that occurs twice; in Hop, one DPEV sequence plus a partial second sequence occurs. In an effort to better understand Hip function as it relates to assembly of progesterone receptor complexes, the DPEV region of Hip was targeted for mutations. Each DPEV sequence was mutated to an APAV sequence, singly or in combination. The combined mutation, APAV2, was further combined with a deletion of Hip's tetratricopeptide repeat region that is required for Hsp70 binding or with a deletion of Hip's GGMP repeat. An additional mutant was prepared by truncation of Hip's DPEV-containing C terminus. By comparing interactions of various Hip forms with Hsp70, it was determined that mutation of the DPEV sequences created a dominant inhibitory form of Hip. The mutant Hip-Hsp70 complex was not prevented from interacting with progesterone receptor, but the mutant caused a dose-dependent inhibition of receptor assembly with Hsp90. The behavior of the Hip mutant is consistent with a model in which Hip and Hop are required to facilitate the transition from an early receptor complex with Hsp70 into later complexes containing Hsp90.
Free energy changes in lysozyme denaturation. (1983)

Previous work has shown that native lysozyme (N) is completely denatured by the addition of guanidinium chloride (conformation D) but that partially denatured conformations appear in other denaturants. Conformation I appears when LiClO4 is added to the protein, and conformation II is caused by heating. We have now determined the apparent free energy changes for the reversible processes between N and the three unfolded conformations and for the process between II and D. This allows us to estimate the apparent free energy changes for a process between any two of these four conformations.
Cross-shaped patch with etched bars for dual polarisation (1993)

The authors describe a polarising grid technique applied to a printed circuit antenna element operating in dual polarisation. This technique, by directing the surface currents, improves the antenna characteristics in terms of isolation between input ports and radiation pattern.
Snapshot multispectral polarization imaging using a photonic crystal filter array (2018)

A new filter array and a demosaicking method for snapshot multispectral polarization imaging are proposed in this paper. The proposed filter array is a thin-film wavy multilayer structure regarded as a photonic crystal that can be fabricated using the autocloning method. The multispectral polarization filter array is developed by altering the wave structure of the photonic crystal at each pixel. In addition, we propose a demosaicking method for multispectral polarization images by considering snapshot imaging as a linear model. In the experiments, we evaluated the recovered spectrum error in some color charts and showed various demosaicked images such as multispectral polarization images, specific-band degree of linear polarization images, polarized RGB images, and non-polarized RGB images.
Multicast communication in wireless home and building automation: ZigBee and DCMP (2007)

With an ever increasing performance, wireless technologies present a more and more attractive alternative to wired media. This is also true for home and building automation (HBA) systems. In HBA, large areas must be covered at low cost. This precludes the use of dedicated network infrastructure. At the same time, the allowable power consumption and thus transmission power of sensors in particular is severely restricted. Hence, efficient peer-to-peer communication schemes are required. Especially for multicast communication, optimized protocols can make a difference. Therefore, this paper shows how DCMP (dynamic core based multicast routing protocol for ad hoc wireless networks) can be used to improve multicast in ZigBee networks.
On Inferring Browsing Activity on Smartphones via USB Power Analysis Side-Channel (2016)

In this paper, we show that public USB charging stations pose a significant privacy risk to smartphone users even when no data communication is possible between the station and the user's mobile device. We present a side-channel attack that allows a charging station to identify which Webpages are loaded while the smartphone is charging. To evaluate this side-channel, we collected power traces of Alexa top 50 Websites on multiple smartphones under several conditions, including battery charging level, browser cache enabled/disabled, taps on the screen, Wi-Fi/LTE, TLS encryption enabled/disabled, time elapsed between collection of training and testing data, and location of the Website. The results of our evaluation show that the attack is highly successful: in many settings, we were able to achieve over 90% Webpage identification accuracy. On the other hand, our experiments also show that this side-channel is sensitive to some of the aforementioned conditions. For instance, when training and testing traces were collected 70 days apart, accuracies were as low as 2.2%. Although there are studies that show that power-based side-channels can predict browsing activity on laptops, this paper is unique, because it is the first to study this side-channel on smartphones, under smartphone specific constraints. Further, we demonstrate that Websites can be correctly identified within a short time span of 2 × 6 seconds, which is in contrast with prior work, which uses 15-s traces. This is important, because users typically spend less than 15 s on a Webpage.
Impact of clonal competition for peptide-MHC complexes on the CD8+ T-cell repertoire selection in a persistent viral infection (2008)

CD8(+) T-cell responses to persistent viral infections are characterized by the accumulation of an oligoclonal T-cell repertoire and a reduction in the naive T-cell pool. However, the precise mechanism for this phenomenon remains elusive. Here we show that human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)-specific CD8(+) T cells recognizing distinct epitopes from the pp65 protein and restricted through an identical HLA class I allele (HLA B*3508) exhibited either a highly conserved public T-cell repertoire or a private, diverse T-cell response, which was uniquely altered in each donor following in vitro antigen exposure. Selection of a public T-cell receptor (TCR) was coincident with an atypical major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-peptide structure, in that the epitope adopted a helical conformation that bulged from the peptide-binding groove, while a diverse TCR profile was observed in response to the epitope that formed a flatter, more "featureless" landscape. Clonotypes with biased TCR usage demonstrated more efficient recognition of virus-infected cells, a greater CD8 dependency, and were more terminally differentiated in their phenotype when compared with the T cells expressing diverse TCR. These findings provide new insights into our understanding on how the biology of antigen presentation in addition to the structural features of the pMHC-I might shape the T-cell repertoire and its phenotype.
NEW FACTORS IN PHONOGRAPH PREAMPLIFIER DESIGN (1976)

INTRODUCTION: The normally quoted specifications of a phonograph preamplifier, such as frequency response, noise, and distortion, are of limited usefulness in ultimately determining how a preamplifier will sound. This is due to a variety of factors: for example, 1) no conventional test measures performance under transient conditions; 2) test results (with the exception of some noise measurements) are not weighted for human perception or annoyance value; and 3) the response to signals out of the audio pass band may affect in-band performance through intermodulation in the preamplifier or, more likely, later in the system. The measurement environment consisting of oscillators, meters, etc., represents a gross simplification of the real-world conditions in which the preamplifier operates. It is therefore not surprising that conventional measurements have low correlation
The effect of enalapril on pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with migraine: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial (2019)

Background: One of the possible mechanisms of migraine pathophysiology is neuro inflammation in which, according to previous studies, some changes happen in inflammatory factors like interleukins, adhesion molecules or acute phase reactants. Cytokines may have an essential role in the neurovascular inflammation and also in the process of pain especially in migraine patients. On the other hand, one of the mechanisms by which angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) work is anti-inflammation. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of enalapril as an ACEI drug, on the proinflammatory cytokines (calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)) of migraine patients. Methods: In this randomized double blind placebo-controlled clinical trial, 40 migraine without aura patients (mean age of 34.42±1.82 years) who were referred to neurology clinics of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between June 2011 and July 2012 were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. 21 patients were treated with 10 mg enalapril daily for two months as the intervention group and they were compared with matched placebo treated group of 19 patients. Serum samples were collected from all of the subjects and TNFα and CGRP levels were measured by means of ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) kits at the beginning of study (before the intervention) and after 2 months of enalapril or placebo treatment. The serum levels were compared in each group and between the groups. SPSS software, version 16 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results: Six males (15%) and 34 females (85%) were enrolled in this study. The mean of migraine history among the subjects was 74.40±7.54 months. Patients' TNFα level decreased significantly in the case group after treatment with enalapril (P=0.001) while there was no significant change in control group (P=0.769). There was no significant difference in the CGRP concentrations in the intervention and control groups (P=0.795, 0.708 respectively). Conclusion: Enalapril may be effective in improvement of inflammatory responses of migraine patients by decreasing the inflammatory factors like TNFα.
Growth of Copper Whiskers from Cupric Oxide (1965)

A great number of copper whiskers of the order of 10 9 have been grown in a single run when CuO is reduced in CO-CO 2 -N 2 atmosphere with the addition of small amounts of CuCl and graphite. The whiskers grow on the surface of the graphite particles mostly in length of 0.1∼1.5 mm, in some cases as long as 15 mm, their diameter being between 0.5 and 3µ and fairly uniform for a single run. Some interesting forms of whiskers are observed. The fundamental properties of the whiskers thus obtained are nearly the same as those formed by the known method of hydrogen reduction of copper halides.
Infrared laser sclerostomies. (1991)

Four solid-state lasers with three fiberoptic delivery systems were used to perform laser sclerostomies in an acute-injury rabbit model and in fresh human globes. The lasers used were continuous-wave neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, 1.06 microns) and pulsed holmium:yttrium scandium galliam garnet (YSGG) (2.10 microns), erbium:YSGG (2.79 microns), and erbium:YAG (2.94 microns). Thermal damage to tissue and total laser energy required to produce sclerostomies decreased with increasing wavelength. In human tissue using a 600-microns fused silica fiberoptic, maximum thermal damage (greater than or equal to 100 microns) was noted at 1.06 microns with a total energy of 21 J at a power density of 2.5 kW/cm2. In addition, focal damage to the iris and ciliary body was noted at this wavelength. The least amount of thermal damage (15-20 microns) and lowest total energies needed were found at 2.94 microns. A 250-microseconds pulse length and pulse radiant exposures of 3.6 J/cm2 and 14.3 J/cm2 were used for the low hydroxyl-fused silica (500 microns) and zirconium fluoride (250 microns) fiberoptics, respectively. Although zirconium fluoride fibers have high through-put efficiencies that facilitate study of laser tissue interactions at 2.94 microns, problems encountered with fragility and solubility of the bare tip in aqueous media limit its usefulness. A high attenuation rate with the low hydroxyl-fused silica fiber limited its usable length to 35 cm at 2.94 microns. Tissue damage during sclerostomy formation was minimized at 2.94 microns, reaching a maximum at 1.06 microns. Minimizing tissue damage theoretically could decrease subconjunctival scarring and filtration failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Lidar inversion with variable backscatter/extinction ratios (1985)

The conventional approach to solving the single-scattering lidar equation makes use of the assumption of a power law relation between backscatter and extinction with a fixed exponent and constant of proportionality. An alternative formulation is given herein which assumes the proportionality factor in the power law relationship is itself a function of range or extinction. The resulting lidar equation is solvable as before, and examples are given to show how even an approximate description of deviations from the power law form can yield an improved inversion solution for the extinction. A further generalization is given which includes the effects of a background of Rayleigh scatterers.
EFFECTS OF UV IRRADIATION ON A LIVING SKIN EQUIVALENT (1993)

The Living Skin Equivalent (LSE) is an organotypic coculture composed of human dermal fibroblasts interspersed in a collagen-containing matrix and overlaid with human keratinocytes forming a stratified epidermis. The LSE has a dry, air-exposed epidermal surface suitable for the application of oils, creams and emulsions. These features suggested its feasibility as an in vitro skin model for studying the protective effects of sunscreens. Using the thiazolyl blue (MTT) conversion assay as a measure of mitochondrial function, the extent of cytotoxicity induced by various doses of UV-R (280-400 nm) or UV-A (320-400 nm) was evaluated in the LSE. The doses of UV radiation that caused 50% reductions in MTT conversion (UV-R50 or UV-A50) in different lots of LSE were 0.053 +/- 0.021 J/cm2 (n = 29) and 11.6 +/- 4.9 J/cm2 (n = 17) for UV-R and UV-A, respectively. The protective effects of an 8% homosylate standard and of five UV-A sunscreens, topically applied to the LSE, were determined and compared with their reported protection factors in human skin. Morphological changes and the release of proinflammatory mediators (interleukin-1-alpha, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and prostaglandin E2) implicated in UV-induced erythema were also demonstrated in the LSE exposed to UV-A or UV-B. The data suggest that the LSE can be used for studying the effects of UV radiation on skin and may have utility for assessing the efficacy of certain sunscreens against UV-B and UV-A.
Bulletin du Commerce des Bois (1966)

à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.
Percutaneous Implantation of Aortic Valve Prosthesis in Patients with Calcific Aortic Stenosis: Technical Advances, Clinical Results and Future Strategies (2006)

To date, one third of patients with symptomatic aortic stenosis are not operated on because of advanced age, depressed left ventricular function, or comorbidities. Whereas balloon aortic valvuloplasty can be used as a palliative treatment in this population, the hemodynamic and clinical benefits of the procedure are only temporary. With the goal of offering to this subset of patients a nonsurgical therapeutic option with improved results and longer term positive outcomes, we developed a percutaneous implantable bioprosthetic heart valve able to be inserted within the native diseased aortic valve using cardiac catheterization techniques. The first human implant was performed by our group in April 2002 using the antegrade transeptal approach. Since then, we have implanted the valve on compassionate basis in a series of nonsurgical elderly patients with end‐stage aortic stenosis and multiple comorbidities, all declined by cardiac surgeons for valve replacement. This article describes the technical improvements of the device and implantation protocols, provides clinical results of the first series of patients, and outlines strategies for future development of the percutaneous heart valve.
Thermal expansion coefficients of low-k dielectric films from Fourier analysis of x-ray reflectivity (2000)

We determine the thermal expansion coefficient of a fluorinated poly(arylene ether) low-k dielectric film using Fourier analysis of x-ray reflectivity data. The approach is similar to that used in Fourier analysis of x-ray absorption fine structure. The analysis compares two similar samples, or the same sample as an external parameter is varied, and determines the change in film thickness. The analysis process is very accurate and depends on no assumed model. We determine a thermal expansion coefficient of 55±9×10−6 K−1 using this approach.
Metabolic Syndrome X and the French Paradox (1997)

The "French Paradox" is a popularized term referring to the reduction in incidence of coronary heart disease in the French population, in spite of significant fat intake. Since moderate alcohol consumption has also been associated with a reduced risk of coronary heart disease and since the French diet includes wine as a staple, the explanation of the French Paradox has been proposed to be due to moderate daily alcohol consumption. Ethanol increases the level of the so-called "good" HDL cholesterol. However, the effect of ethanol on cholesterol is predicted to account for only a fraction of the impact on cardiovascular health. Increased risk of coronary heart disease has recently been associated with physiological syndrome called Metabolic Syndrome X. Metabolic Syndrome X is also known as insulin resistance syndrome and is an indicator of increased risk of a cluster of diseases (Reaven, G., 1988, Diabetes 37:1595). Ethanol is a macronutrient energy source in man. It is suggested herein that the effect of ethanol on metabolism of other energy sources may possibly contribute to its effect in reduction of coronary heart disease.