gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sonication Exfoliation of Defect-Free Graphene in Aqueous Silk Nanofiber Solutions (2018)

Green processes to exfoliate graphene would be advantageous but is challenged by issues such as stability and dispersibility. Here, stable silk fibroin nanofibers (SFNs) with high crystallinity (β-sheet content) and high net negative charge were endowed with hydrophobic features yet excellent water dispersibility. These nanofibers were used to exfoliate graphite into graphene in aqueous solutions. A high concentration (1.92 mg mL–1) and yield (approaching 20%) were achieved for the exfoliated graphene dispersions using low initial graphite concentrations via sonication treatment. This approach was superior to most protein-assisted exfoliation processes reported to date, and the graphene obtained in the process exhibited fewer defects, good conductivity, and cell compatibility. The graphene prepared by this new process provided an option for SF-graphene composite materials and devices where defect-free graphene with improved performance through the introduction of SFNs into the preparation strategies will bring a desired revolution in graphene materials.
Modeling and Analyzing Key Performance Factors of Shared Memory MapReduce (2012)

MapReduce parallel programming model has seen wide adoption in data center applications. Recently, lightweight, fast, in-memory MapReduce runtime systems have been proposed for shared memory systems. However, what factors affect performance and what performance bottlenecks exist for a given program, are not well understood. This paper builds an analytical model to capture key performance factors of shared memory MapReduce and investigates important performance trends and behavior. Our study discovers several important findings and implications for system designers, performance tuners, and programmers. Our model quantifies relative contribution of different key performance factors for both map and reduce phases, and shows that performance of MapReduce programs are highly input-content dependent. Our model reveals that performance is heavily affected by the order in which distinct keys are encountered during the Map phase, and the frequency of these distinct keys. Our model points out cases in which reduce phase time dominates the total execution time. We also show that data-structure and algorithm design choices affect map and reduce phases differently and sometimes affecting map phase positively while affecting reduce phase negatively. Finally, we propose an application classification framework that can be used to reason about performance bottlenecks for a given application.
A Four-Point Shear Test for Graphite/Epoxy Composites (1983)

The consistent inability of the short-beam shear (SBS) test to yield the desired interlaminar shear failure mode in thin-beam specimens of graphite/epoxy has led to the development of an alternative test method, the four-point shear (FPS) test. In the course of this developmental effort, four different shear specimens were investigated: a thin-beam 16-ply SBS specimen, a thick-beam 50-ply SBS specimen, a thin-beam 16-ply FPS specimen, and a slightly thicker 24-ply FPS specimen. All specimens were tested to failure, the resulting data were statistically analyzed, and the fractured surfaces were examined with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The 16-ply SBS specimen never produced an interlaminar shear failure and therefore was considered unacceptable. The thick 50-ply SBS specimen consistently produced shear failure modes and corresponding failure surfaces and a very narrow data distribution. However, the thick-beam specimen is not an attractive alternative, since it poses cost and fabrication difficulties inherent to thick composites. The FPS specimen was found to be an effective alternative to the thin-beam SBS specimen. It consistently produced interlaminar shear failure modes and corresponding failure surfaces and a reasonable data distribution. In addition, the FPS specimen retains the attractive features of the thin-beam SBS specimen, being small, thin, easily machined, and employing a simplified test method. Therefore the FPS test warrants serious consideration as an alternative to the thin-beam SBS test.
National Hospital Discharge Survey: 2007 summary. (2010)

In 2007, there were an estimated 34.4 million hospital discharges, excluding newborns. The total hospitalization rate leveled off from 1995 to 2007 after declining during the period from 1980 to 1995. Throughout the period from 1970 to 2007 the rates for those aged 65 years and over were significantly higher than the rates for the younger groups. Although those aged 65 years and over accounted for only 13 percent of the total population, they comprised 37 percent of hospital discharges and 43 percent of hospital days. One-quarter of inpatients under age 15 years were hospitalized for respiratory diseases. There were 45 million inpatient procedures during 2007 and 15 percent of these were cardiovascular. Males aged 45-64 and 65 years and over had higher cardiac catheterization rates than females in these age groups each year from 1997 to 2007. From 2002 to 2007 the rate of inpatient cardiac catheterization procedures declined.
Adaptive image and video retargeting technique based on Fourier analysis (2009)

An adaptive image and video retargeting algorithm based on Fourier analysis is proposed in this work. We first divide an input image into several strips using the gradient information so that each strip consists of textures of similar complexities. Then, we scale each strip adaptively according to its importance measure. More specifically, the distortions, generated by the scaling procedure, are formulated in the frequency domain using the Fourier transform. Then, the objective is to determine the sizes of scaled strips to minimize the sum of distortions, subject to the constraint that the sum of their sizes should equal the size of the target output image. We solve this constrained optimization problem using the Lagrangian multiplier technique. Moreover, we extend the approach to the retargeting of video sequences. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides reliable retargeting performance efficiently.
Microwave-assisted Polymerization of ε-Caprolactone with Maleic Acid as Initiator and Drug Release Behavior of Ibuprofen-Poly(ε-caprolactone) System (2003)

Poly( e-caprolactone)(PCL) with weight-average molar mass over 10000g/mol was synthesized by microwave-assisted ring -opening polymerization of e-caprolactone(e-CL) with maleic acid(MA) as initiator (2.45GHz,360W,85min),Ibuprofen-PCL controlled release system was prepared directly by the ROP of e-CL in its mixture with ibuprofen.The release of ibuprofen from the system was sustained and steady.
[Study on the inhibitory activity, in vitro, of baicalein and baicalin against skin fungi and bacteria]. (2000)

In this paper, we concentrated in examining, in vitro, the antiseptic activity of the baicalein and baicalin upon the seventeen pathogenic skin fungal and sixteen skin bacterial strains, these two flavonic compounds were known principally as the biosubstances of a traditional Chinese medicinal plant: Scutellaria baicalensis. In agar media, the baicalein possessed potent specific activity against the pathogenic yeasts with MICs of 70-100 micrograms/ml; But in the same condition, no inhibitory effect was observed upon dermatophytes and filamentous imperfect fungi for baicalein, and upon all used strains for baicalin. According to the antibacterial test of baicalein, a high efficacy was achieved against certain causative specie of axillary and foot's odour such as Micrococcus sedentarius, Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. hominis and C. xerosis with a MICs inferior to 250 micrograms/ml. The good inhibitory activity of baicalein could be linked to the group hydroxyl (-OH) in position seven of the molecule.
Expressive audio‐visual speech (2004)

Abstract We aim at the realization of an Embodied Conversational Agent able to interact naturally and emotionally with user. In particular, the agent should behave expressively. Specifying for a given emotion, its corresponding facial expression will not produce the sensation of expressivity. To do so, one needs to specify parameters such as intensity, tension, movement property. Moreover, emotion affects also lip shapes during speech. Simply adding the facial expression of emotion to the lip shape does not produce lip readable movement. In this paper we present a model based on real data from a speaker on which was applied passive markers. The real data covers natural speech as well as emotional speech. We present an algorithm that determines the appropriate viseme and applies coarticulation and correlation rules to consider the vocalic and the consonantal contexts as well as muscular phenomena such as lip compression and lip stretching. Expressive qualifiers are then used to modulate the expressivity of lip movement. Our model of lip movement is applied on a 3D facial model compliant with MPEG‐4 standard. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High-Performance and Low-Cost 10Gbps Coaxial DFB Laser Module Packaging By Conventional TO-Can Materials and Processes (2006)

The high-performance and low-cost 10Gbps coaxial DFB laser module packaging by conventional TO-Can materials and processes are developed and fabricated. The laser module has a built-in matching resistor to reduce the resonant phenomenon. In order to optimize the module's performance, detailed equivalent circuit model is established to investigate both the DFB laser diode and the coaxial package comprehensively. After a proper design and fabrication, this uncooled 10Gbps laser module could operate at a high temperature up to 105degC and maintain an eye mask margin above 28% in the full operational temperature range to meet the stringent requirements of 10Gbps Ethernet for long reach applications. Previously, the high-performance 10Gbps coaxial laser modules have only been available by using complicated design, customized components, and specialized fabrication process
Lithographic Control in Semiconductor Manufacturing (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Defining Lithographic Quality Critical Dimension Control How to Characterize Critical Dimension Variations Overlay Control The Process Window H–V Bias Mask Error Enhancement Factor (MEEF) Line-End Shortening Critical Shape and Edge Placement Errors Pattern Collapse Problems References
Viral integration sites in human papilloma virus-33-immortalized cervical keratinocyte cell lines (1996)

The viral organization of HPV-33 was determined by Southern blotting in 2 HPV-33-immortalized cervical cell lines (CK11 and CK12) and compared to our previous results obtained on 10 other already characterized HPV-33-immortalized cell lines (CK1 to CK10). As observed in CK1 to CK10, the viral DNA was found integrated in the cellular genome of CK11 and CK12. However, in CK11 and CK12, the integrated viral genome was deleted and mostly limited to the URR and the E6-E7 ORFs, stressing the importance of those sequences in the immortalization process. Furthermore, CK11 and CK12 showed a unique and identical integration site, as observed in CK1 to CK10, which also harbored HPV-33 integrated at a unique and identical site (which was however different from the one evidenced in CK11 and CK12). Indeed, in situ hybridizations on chromosomes allowed the precise localization of the viral DNA on chromosome 13q33-34 in CK1 to CK10 whereas it was mapped to chromosome 9p13 in CK11 and CK12. We discuss the possibility that integration of HPV-33 at those two particular sites has conferred some growth advantages to the cells and could have thus played a crucial role in the immortalization.
Energy harvesting of spurious emissions of compact fluorescent lamps for home monitoring applications (2014)

This paper proposes a novel harvester for sensors powering by spurious electromagnetic emissions from compact fluorescent lamps. The proposed device is based on a magnetic coupling and consists of a resonant loop and an RF-to-DC rectifier. Experimental results are reported and discussed. It is shown that up to 0.61 mW can be generated from a 30 W compact fluorescent lamp, thus demonstrating that the proposed harvester is an optimum candidate for powering low-power sensors.
A Simple Method for the Synthesis of the Sterically Hindered Chloramines (1988)

Abstract A simple route to the hindered chloramines, starting from the corresponding hindered amines is reported. Sodium dichlorisocyanurate is the chlorinating agent.
Drift reduction and droplet-size in sprays containing adjuvant oil emulsions (1999)

The droplet-sizes and drift produced by sprays containing dilute oil-in-water emulsions of various vegetable and mineral oil adjuvants were measured in wind-tunnel experiments. When compared with water or a surfactant solution, both types of oil adjuvant reduced the proportion of small driftable droplets and, hence, reduced measured spray drift. Vegetable oils were more effective at drift reduction than the mineral oil. Spray drift tended to increase with increasing oil concentration and decreasing emulsifier content.
On the theory of the electrocardiogram (1989)

The biophysical basis for understanding the electrocardiogram is set forth. Bioelectric sources arise from electrical activity in the heart at the cellular level. The relation of these sources, which can be formally represented as impressed currents, to potentials involves solution of the volume conductor problem. This solution is based on Green's theorem. Sources are related to the transmembrane action potential through a bidomain model of heart muscle. Microscopic and macroscopic aspects of the bidomain model are developed. Various transformations of the source are considered, including multipoles, multiple dipoles, and replacement of the volume distribution with distributions on the heart surface. Time integrals of the waveform are related to excitation time and action potential duration. The theoretical results form the basis of a computer model of the electrocardiogram that relates skin potentials to the spatial and temporal distribution of action potentials in the heart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Finite Element Modeling of Polymer Flow and Heat Transfer in Processing Equipment (1989)

A mathematical model was developed based on a constitutive equation for polymer rheology and the fundamental equations for motion, momentum and energy. The power law model was extended to include higher order shear rate dependence. As a result, partial differential equations for momentum and energy are highly coupled. For a heated rectangular channel, the equations were solved in an iterative manner until convergencewas achieved between velocity and temperature fields. The model was general, in that the temperature profile in the metal between the heat source and the polymer was also obtained. A marching technique was used to obtain the velocity, temperature and pressure profiles in the flow direction. The fundamental nature of the model made it a useful predictive tool for design.
Synthesis of ultrastable femtosecond pulse trains from an optical reference oscillator (2003)

We phase-lock the repetition rates of two Ti:sapphire femtosecond lasers to an optical reference oscillator at their 456000th harmonic and achieve sub-femtosecond timing jitter. A system that can be continuously stabilized for periods approaching one day is demonstrated.
Specificity of the anticollagenase action of tetracyclines: relevance to their anti-inflammatory potential (1992)

The concentrations of doxycycline and 4-de-dimethylaminotetracycline required to inhibit 50% of collagenase activity were found to be 15 to 30 microM for human neutrophil and gingival crevicular fluid collagenases. Fibroblast collagenase was relatively resistant to inhibition by tetracyclines; the 50% inhibitory concentrations of doxycycline and 4-de-dimethylaminotetracycline were 280 and 510 microM, respectively.
Childhood brain tumors presenting as chronic uncontrolled focal seizure disorders (1982)

Sixteen of 35 patients (46%) 21 years old or less who underwent surgical resection of a longstanding epileptic focus harbored tumors. The median duration of the seizure disorder prior to operation was 6.0 years for patients with and 7.6 years for those without tumor. Among the 35 patients, tumor was more common when intelligence and results of neurological examination were each normal, a plausible cause for uncontrolled seizures was lacking, and persistent focal delta activity occurred in a majority of electroencephalograms (EEGs). The type of seizures and the distribution of EEG spikes failed to distinguish patients with tumor from those without. Multifocal EEG spikes appeared in a majority of each group.
Tracking stem cells in the incisional hernial sac: a gaze beyond pure tissue repairs (2020)

despite the screening nature of this study, the hernial sac may be considered a source of stem cells. This could explain those abnormal findings, and perhaps the induction of new fibroblasts in procedures that use it to optimize wound healing.
Novel Techniques to Suppress the Common-Mode EMI Noise Caused by Transformer Parasitic Capacitances in DC–DC Converters (2012)

This paper proposes novel electromagnetic interference (EMI) suppression techniques for dc–dc converters. For low-voltage high-current applications, windings are paralleled and interleaved. Although low conduction loss and low leakage inductance can be achieved, the winding capacitances are considerably increased, thereby deteriorating the converter's EMI and soft-switching performances. To solve these problems, a novel balanced choke concept is proposed, as well as other techniques. The advantages of the proposed concepts and strategies are verified and demonstrated on a 1-kW 1-MHz 400-V/12-V <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$LLC$</tex></formula> resonant converter prototype. More than 52-dB noise attenuation and 75% equivalent winding capacitance reduction are achieved. Hence, EMI and soft-switching performances are significantly improved.
Case report: DNA fragmentation in glial cells in a cerebral biopsy from a multiple sclerosis patient. (1998)

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by myelin destruction and oligodendrocyte loss. The neuropathological hallmark of the disease is the presence of demyelinated plaques in the central nervous system. We have recently found a gliotoxic factor in MS cerebrospinal fluid which induces programmed cell death in vitro, in glial cells. Here we show DNA fragmentation and glial cell death in biopsy samples, obtained from a patient who underwent surgery with suspicion of tumor, and whose disease record, including brain autopsy, demonstrated an active multiple sclerosis. We used the in situ TUNEL technique, a method which sensitively detects the DNA fragmentation accompanying programmed cell death in tissue sections, and compatible with classical fixation techniques. We found intense DNA fragmentation in nuclei of glial cells at-or very near-to the site of demyelination. A double labeling technique showed that glial fibrillary associated protein positive astrocytes may undergo programmed cell death in multiple sclerosis.
Using a Foreign Film to Improve Second Language Proficiency: Video vs. Interactive Multimedia (1996)

As increasing numbers of foreign language teachers are integrating foreign films into their curricula, more attention must be focused on ways and means to optimize students' comprehension of the film segments and to enhance second language learning. This article describes a study that was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of video and interactive multimedia technologies in increasing language proficiency. Descriptions of a multimedia computer program and a research experiment are followed by a discussion of the results and conclusions obtained from this study.
Hybrid feedforward-feedback active noise control (2004)

This work presents an architecture for single source, single point noise cancellation that seeks adequate gain margin and high performance for both stationary and nonstationary noise sources by combining feedforward and feedback control. Gain margins and noise reduction performance of the hybrid control architecture are validated experimentally using an earcup from a circumaural hearing protector. Results show that the hybrid system provides 5 to 30 dB active performance in the frequency range 50-800 Hz for tonal noise and 18-27 dB active performance in the same frequency range for nonstationary noise, such as aircraft or helicopter cockpit noise, improving low frequency (> 100 Hz) performance by up to 15 dB over either control component acting individually.
Transformation of Triclosan by <i>Trametes versicolor</i> and <i>Pycnoporus cinnabarinus</i> (2000)

We investigated the ability of Trametes versicolor and Pycnoporous cinnabarinus to metabolize triclosan. T. versicolor produced three metabolites, 2-O-(2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether)-beta-D-xylopyranoside, 2-O-(2,4,4'-trichlorodiphenyl ether)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and 2,4-dichlorophenol. P. cinnabarinus converted triclosan to 2,4, 4'-trichloro-2'-methoxydiphenyl ether and the glucoside conjugate known from T. versicolor. The conjugates showed a distinctly lower cytotoxic and microbicidal activity than triclosan did.
Ultraviolet and visible spectroscopies for tissue diagnostics: fluorescence spectroscopy and elastic-scattering spectroscopy (1997)

We review the application of fluorescence spectroscopy and elastic-scattering spectroscopy, over the ultraviolet-to-visible wavelength range, to minimally invasive medical diagnostics. The promises and hopes, as well as the difficulties, of these developing techniques are discussed.
On the circular dichroism and rotatory dispersion in cholesteric liquid crystals with a pitch gradient (1976)

The circular dichroism and rotatory dispersion of a cholesteric liquid crystal with a pitch gradient have been theoretically investigated, by using a simple model, for several values of the gradient and of the cholesteric thickness. All the obtained results have been interpreted by simple physical considerations.
Synthesis of amorphous silica and sulfonic acid functionalized silica used as reinforced phase for polymer electrolyte membrane (2013)

In this work silica (SiO2) and sulfonic acid-functionalized silica (sul-SiO2) were synthesized by sol–gel method from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and 3-mercatopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) with various ratios between them. The synthesized materials were characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD) for crystalline structure, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) specific surface area analysis, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size analysis, and ion exchange capacity (IEC) for determining sulfur content in Sul-SiO2 materials. The initial results showed that the average particle size of amorphous SiO2 and Sul-SiO2 at different TEOS: MPTMS ratios are in narrow distribution with average diameter about 20–30 nm. The particle size of Sul-SiO2 is almost unaffected by the content of MPTMS while IEC depends strongly on it. Composite membranes of 60 μm thickness were successfully prepared from blending of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and synthesized amorphous SiO2. It was shown that the latter may be used as a reinforced phase for composite membrane electrolytes based on PVDF.