gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of polycyclic thiophenes from reaction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with elemental sulfur and/or pyrite under mild conditions (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of polycyclic thiophenes from reaction of selected polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with elemental sulfur and/or pyrite under mild conditionsCurt M. White, Louise J. Douglas, Charles E. Schmidt, and Michael HackettCite this: Energy Fuels 1988, 2, 2, 220–223Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00008a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00008a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speed estimation of induction motor using modified voltage model flux estimation (2009)

Speed estimation in field-oriented vector control of induction motor depends on effective estimation of rotor flux. This paper proposes speed estimator using improved rotor flux estimator based on modified voltage model with a high orders low-pass filter (LPF) and a low-pass filter in series and an error compensator by rotor flux oriented current model. In the flux estimation based on voltage model, a high orders LPF can remove the DC offset input of back EMF, a LPF is normally used to replace the pure integrator to avoid integration drift and saturation problems and the flux estimation error is compensated according to rotor flux oriented current model. The proposed the speed estimator realizes errorless speed estimation in steady state and makes the error of speed estimation smaller in dynamic state. The speed estimation is verified by speed sensorless field-oriented vector controlled 2.2 kW induction motor. Experimental results demonstrate high performance of the speed estimator.
Automatic compensation of polarization-mode dispersion for 40 Gb/s transmission systems (2002)

We present an automatic compensator that effectively mitigates signal distortion due to polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). Accurate compensation is achieved by utilizing a degree of polarization (DOP) monitor with a measurement uncertainty of better than 1% achieved by applying a self-dependent precalibration procedure. The compensation performance at 43 Gb/s was evaluated systematically with respect to both first- and second-order PMD by using a crystal-optical PMD emulator. The compensator extended the tolerable differential group-delay (DGD) limit from 8 to 28 ps, while maintaining the Q penalty below 1 dB. In terms of the average of a Maxwellian-distributed DGD, the PMD compensator enabled transmission for up to 8 ps, or about three times higher than the level tolerated in the uncompensated case. In addition to the compensation performance, we demonstrate successful operation, even for distorted signals with high chromatic dispersion. We believe this capability will be a key enabler for a combined operation with adaptive chromatic dispersion compensators.
Guaranteeing the physical consistency of shared data in a main-memory DBMS (2003)

In this paper, we discuss the implementation strategy of the latch adopted in Tachyon, a main-memory DBMS (MMDBMS). The latch is a tool that guarantees physical consistency of the shared data simultaneously accessed by multiple transactions. Transactions hold the latch assigned to shared data before access, and also release the latch after access. Efficient implementation of the latch is crucial, especially in MMDBMSs since transactions have to be performed so rapidly. The latch adopted in Tachyon is characterized as follows: it maximizes system concurrency by supporting both shared and exclusive modes; provides high CPU utilization by minimizing the busy-waiting of transactions; minimizes the number of expensive context switches by reducing the number of semaphore system calls; and finally does not restrict the maximum number of latches.
Nanofluids: From Vision to Reality Through Research (2009)

Nanofluids are a new class of nanotechnology-based heat transfer fluids engineered by dispersing and stably suspending nanoparticles with typical length on the order of 1–50 nm in traditional heat transfer fluids. For the past decade, pioneering scientists and engineers have made phenomenal discoveries that a very small amount (<1 vol %) of guest nanoparticles can provide dramatic improvements in the thermal properties of the host fluids. For example, some nanofluids exhibit superior thermal properties such as anomalously high thermal conductivity at low nanoparticle concentrations, strong temperature- and size-dependent thermal conductivity, a nonlinear relationship between thermal conductivity and concentration, and a threefold increase in the critical heat flux at a small particle concentration of the order of 10 ppm. Nanofluids are of great scientific interest because these unprecedented thermal transport phenomena surpass the fundamental limits of conventional macroscopic theories of suspensions. Therefore, numerous mechanisms and models have been proposed to account for these unexpected, intriguing thermal properties of nanofluids. These discoveries also show that nanofluids technology can provide exciting new opportunities to develop nanotechnology-based coolants for a variety of innovative engineering and medical applications. As a result, the study of nanofluids has emerged as a new field of scientific research and innovative applications. Hence, the subject of nanofluids is of great interest worldwide for basic and applied research. This paper highlights recent advances in this new field of research and shows future directions in nanofluids research through which the vision of nanofluids can be turned into reality.
Polarization patterns of the summer sky and its neutral points measured by full–sky imaging polarimetry in Finnish Lapland north of the Arctic Circle (2001)

Using 180° field–of–view (full–sky) imaging polarimetry, the patterns of the degree and angle of polarization of the entire summer sky were measured on 25 June 1999 at a location north of the Arctic Circle in Finnish Lapland as a function of the angular solar zenith distance. A detailed description of the used full–sky imaging polarimeter and its calibration is given. A series of the degree and angle of polarization pattern of the full sky is presented in the form of high–resolution circular maps measured in the blue (450 nm) spectral range as a function of the solar zenith distance. Graphs of the spectral dependence of the degree and angle of polarization of skylight at 90° from the Sun along the antisolar meridian are shown. The celestial regions of negative polarization and the consequence of the existence of this anomalous polarization, the neutral points, are visualized. The measured values of the angular zenith distance of the Arago and Babinet neutral points are presented as a function of the zenith distance of the Sun for the red (650 nm), green (550 nm) and blue (450 nm) ranges of the spectrum. The major aim of this work is to give a clear and comprehensive picture, with the help of full–sky imaging polarimetry, of what is going on in the entire polarized skydome. We demonstrate how variable the degree of polarization of skylight and the position of the neutral points can be within 24 h on a sunny, almost cloudless, visually clear day.
Microglia as potential contributors to motor neuron injury in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2005)

The central nervous system (CNS) is equipped with a variety of cell types, all of which are assigned particular roles during the development, maintenance, function and repair of neural tissue. One glial cell type, microglia, deserves particular attention, as its role in the healthy or injured CNS is incompletely understood. Evidence exists for both regenerative and degenerative functions of these glial cells during neuronal injury. This review integrates the current knowledge of the role of microglia in an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and pays particular attention to the possible mechanisms of initiation and propagation of neuronal damage during disease onset and progression. Microglial cell properties, behavior and detected inflammatory reactions during the course of the disease are described. The neuroinflammatory changes that occur in a mouse model of ALS are summarized. The understanding of microglial function in the healthy and injured CNS could offer better diagnostic as well as therapeutic approaches for prevention, retardation, or repair of neural tissue degeneration.
Physician Survey of a Laboratory Medicine Interpretive Service and Evaluation of the Influence of Interpretations on Laboratory Test Ordering (2004)

The results demonstrate physician satisfaction with an innovative information delivery approach that provides laboratory diagnostic interpretation and test-ordering education to clinicians in the context of their daily workflow.
Synthesis of nuclear monobromobenz[a]anthracenes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of nuclear monobromobenz[a]anthracenesMelvin S. Newman and N. Shoukath HussainCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 15, 2837–2840Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00136a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00136a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views657Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Faxinais no Paraná (1985)

O estudo sobre os faxinais no Paraná é parte de um diagnóstico mais amplo realizado por uma equipe de pesquisadores interdisciplinares do IAPAR, dentro do Programa especial chamado PRORURAL. A metodologia empregada neste diagnóstico foi direcionada no sentido de obter um enfoque sistêmico do meio rural. Destacou-se, por conseguinte, a necessidade de empreender ações de pesquisa que extrapolassem as questões puramente técnicas e tecnológicas e abordassem conjuntamente problemas de ordem econômica e social.
Alternative Carbon Sources for Heterotrophic Production of Docosahexaenoic Acid by the Marine Alga Crypthecodinium cohnii (2005)

Publisher Summary In recent years, interest in Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) has increased considerably due to their various physiological functions in the human body and their beneficial effects on human health. Of key importance is the heterotrophic marine dinoflagellate, Crypthecodinium cohnii , that has been studied intensively, and that, together with Schizochytrium and related genera, represents the major commercial source of Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA). Important parameters for optimal DHA productivity include growth rate, final biomass concentration, the total lipid content, and the DHA proportion of the lipid. In most of the documented commercial cultivation processes, glucose is used as the carbon and energy source. However, it is not the only possible substrate. This chapter discusses the use of alternative carbon sources like acetic acid and ethanol on growth, lipid accumulation, and DHA productivity of C. cohnii in fed-batch cultures. A comment is also made regarding the possible uses of glycerol as a feedstock material.
3D crustal modeling and seismicity of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Egyptian coastal zone (2006)

Three-dimensional gravity modeling has been performed for the Eastern Mediterranean including the northeastern Egyptian off-shore area. The gravity models and seismic profiles indicate that a transition from two layer continental crust to a simple layer oceanic crust takes a place along the Levantine margin. The transition along three profiles is located beyond the north African continental margin and it is quite gradual. The crust under the Levantine basin is typically oceanic and slightly thin with 13 km thickness, however it is typical continental under the Egyptian off-shore and having 30 km thickness. The obtained results reflect a large sedimentary sequence of 14 km under the Levantine basin. Since the sediments recovered by the Oceanic Drilling Program Leg160 in the eastern Mediterranean ranged from Pleistocene to Cretaceous, this reflects fairly high sedimentation rate. Distribution of recent earthquake foci indicates that almost all earthquakes occurred along the western and central segments of the Cyprean arc while they completely disappear along the eastern segment. This means that collision between Cyprus and the Eratosthenes seamount is marked by seismic activity and clearly affects the shape of the Cyprean arc. This collision represents a transition zone between active compression and probable subduction in the western segment and diffuse transtension through the eastern part of the arc. Incipient collision between Cyprus and Eratosthenes seamount probably began in Pleistocene time.
Adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and molecular failure display a poor prognosis and are candidates for stem cell transplantation and targeted therapies (2012)

Abstract Quantification of minimal residual disease (MRD) by real-time PCR directed to TCR and Ig gene rearrangements allows a refined evaluation of response in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The German Multicenter Study Group for Adult ALL prospectively evaluated molecular response after induction/consolidation chemotherapy according to standardized methods and terminology in patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative ALL. The cytologic complete response (CR) rate was 89% after induction phases 1 and 2. At this time point the molecular CR rate was 70% in 580 patients with cytologic CR and evaluable MRD. Patients with molecular CR after consolidation had a significantly higher probability of continuous complete remission (CCR; 74% vs 35%; P < .0001) and of overall survival (80% vs 42%; P = .0001) compared with patients with molecular failure. Patients with molecular failure without stem cell transplantation (SCT) in first CR relapsed after a median time of 7.6 months; CCR and survival at 5 years only reached 12% and 33%, respectively. Quantitative MRD assessment identified patients with molecular failure as a new high-risk group. These patients display resistance to conventional drugs and are candidates for treatment with targeted, experimental drugs and allogeneic SCT. Molecular response was shown to be highly predictive for outcome and therefore constitutes a relevant study end point. The studies are registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00199056 and NCT00198991.
Self-Mixing Demodulation for Coherent Phase-Sensitive OTDR System (2016)

Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometry (Ф-OTDR) attracts much attention due to its capability of telling the type and position of an intrusion simultaneously. In recent decades, coherent Ф-OTDR has been demonstrated to realize long-distance detection. For coherent Ф-OTDR, there are three typical demodulation schemes in the reported studies. However, they still cannot realize real-time monitoring to satisfy practical demands. A simple and effective demodulation method based on self-mixing has been put forward to demodulate the beat signal in coherent Ф-OTDR. It not only saves a local electrical oscillator and frequency locked loop, but also demodulates the beat signal without residual frequency. Several vibrations with different frequency were separately applied at the same location of a 42.5 km fiber. The spatial resolution of 10 m and frequency response range from 8 Hz to 980 Hz have been achieved. The precise location with signal-to-noise ratio of 21.4 dB and broadband measurement demonstrate the self-mixing scheme can demodulate the coherent Ф-OTDR signal effectively.
Critical Evaluation of Equations of State for Multicomponent Hydrocarbon Fluids in Organic Rich Shale Reservoirs (2013)

URTeC 1581765 The various equations of state and modifications proposed for use in nanoporous systems are critically examined. The fluid properties modifications in nanoporous systems produced by the effect of pore wall potentials and the limited number of molecules in nanopores are investigated for liquid-rich shale. These properties include phase behavior, interfacial properties, gas and liquid transport, storage, and composition. The existing theoretical equations are modified to predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium for shale and the unique behavior of fluids in kerogen and inorganic pores. The pore geometry, molecule size, interaction between the sorbed molecules and the nanoporous framework are included to enable accurate prediction of fluid phase behavior, critical properties, and composition. The predictions of the proposed approaches are compared to results obtained from molecular dynamic simulations.
The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma (2005)

Epstein, Jonathan I MD; Allsbrook, William C Jr MD; Amin, Mahul B MD; Egevad, Lars L MD, PhD and the ISUP Grading Committee Author Information
Threshold‐voltage‐difference‐based CMOS voltage reference derived from basic current bias generator with 4.3 ppm/°C temperature coefficient (2014)

A threshold‐voltage‐difference‐based CMOS voltage reference topology derived from the basic current bias generator is proposed. The implementation in the GSMC 0.18 μm process demonstrated that a precise voltage of 516.3 mV can be generated with a minimal temperature coefﬁcient of 4.3 ppm/°C. The reference consumes a current of 1.9 μA with a minimum supply voltage of 1.4 V. The line regulation is 0.075%/V at room temperature. It only occupies 0.013 mm 2 without any area optimisations because of its simple structure. Also, due to its special compound structure, the circuit can generate both a stable voltage and a relatively temperature‐independent current.
Combining Spatial Statistical and Ensemble Information in Probabilistic Weather Forecasts (2007)

Abstract Forecast ensembles typically show a spread–skill relationship, but they are also often underdispersive, and therefore uncalibrated. Bayesian model averaging (BMA) is a statistical postprocessing method for forecast ensembles that generates calibrated probabilistic forecast products for weather quantities at individual sites. This paper introduces the spatial BMA technique, which combines BMA and the geostatistical output perturbation (GOP) method, and extends BMA to generate calibrated probabilistic forecasts of whole weather fields simultaneously, rather than just weather events at individual locations. At any site individually, spatial BMA reduces to the original BMA technique. The spatial BMA method provides statistical ensembles of weather field forecasts that take the spatial structure of observed fields into account and honor the flow-dependent information contained in the dynamical ensemble. The members of the spatial BMA ensemble are obtained by dressing the weather field forecasts from the dynamical ensemble with simulated spatially correlated error fields, in proportions that correspond to the BMA weights for the member models in the dynamical ensemble. Statistical ensembles of any size can be generated at minimal computational cost. The spatial BMA technique was applied to 48-h forecasts of surface temperature over the Pacific Northwest in 2004, using the University of Washington mesoscale ensemble. The spatial BMA ensemble generally outperformed the BMA and GOP ensembles and showed much better verification results than the raw ensemble, both at individual sites, for weather field forecasts, and for forecasts of composite quantities, such as average temperature in National Weather Service forecast zones and minimum temperature along the Interstate 90 Mountains to Sound Greenway.
Immobilization of Cyclic <i>N</i>-Halamine on Polystyrene-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biocidal Activity (2010)

Antimicrobial composites with a well-defined core−shell nanostructure were prepared through immobilization of N-halamine on polystyrene-functionalized silica nanoparticles. Evidence for immobilization of N-halamine onto polystyrene-modified silica has been inferred from different techniques like transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), zeta potential analyses, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Experimental results showed that structures and morphologies of the as-prepared hybrid nanoparticles could be well controlled. Resultant nanosized particles displayed 2−8 times higher biocidal activity against S. aureus and E. coil than the bulk counterparts, and tests indicated that these powerful and stable nanosized antimicrobials had higher biocidal efficacy against S. aureus than E. coli. The biocidal behavior makes these composite nanoparticles an ideal candidate for various important applications such as in disinfection of hygienic areas, water purification, and food packaging.
Image Sensors Employing Oversampling Sigma-Delta Analog-to-Digital Conversion with High Dynamic Range and Low Power (2011)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Rochester. Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2011.
MANIP—A Multicomputer Architecture for Solving Combinatonal Extremum-Search Problems (1984)

In this paper, we propose and analyze the design of MANIP, a parallel machine for processing nondeterministic polynomial (NP)-hard problems. The most general technique that can be used to solve a wide variety of NP-hard problems on a uniprocessor system, optimally or suboptimally, is the branch-and-bound algorithm. We have adapted and extended branch-and-bound algorithms for parallel processing. The parallel branch-and-bound algorithmn requires a combination of sorting and merging that will be too inefficient to perform in a common memory. We have proposed a system with distributed intelligence so that sorting can be carried out efticiently. A unidirectional ring network is shown to be the most cost-effective interprocessor communication network. The performance on the proposed system is evaluated using the vertex-covering problem.