gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Posttraumatic stress and immune dissonance (2008)

Stress or neuroendocrine response usually occurs soon after trauma, which is central to the maintenance of post-traumatic homeostasis. Immune inflammatory response has been recognized to be a key element both in the pathogenesis of post-traumatic complications and in tissue repair. Despite the existence of multiple and intricate interconnected neuroendocrine pathways, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and the sympathetic nervous system have been considered to be the most important in trauma. Although the short-term and appropriate activation of these stress responses is vital to the host's adaptation, prolonged duration and exaggerative magnitude of their activity leads to deleterious effects on immune function in trauma, causing immune dissonance. The overall appropriate and controlled activation and termination of the neuroendocrine responses that mediate the necessary physiological functions involved in maintaining and restoring homeostasis in the event of trauma are of critical importance. This review will describe the effects of some important neuroendocrine responses on immune system. Present evidences indicate that the neuroendocrine and immune systems form a cohesive and integrated early host response to trauma, and identify areas for further research to fully elucidate the regulatory role of neuroendocrine system in trauma.
Relation between Defective Regulation of Arachidonic Acid Release and Symptoms in Cystic Fibrosis (1988)

A hypothesis is formed about the basic defect in CF based on the findings of 1) a defective inhibition of AA release by dexamethasone stimulation of lymphocytes from patients with CF, probably due to a defect in or absence of lipocortin and 2) the essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) in CF reported by different authors for 25 years. Both in lymphocytes and fibroblasts from patients with CF increased AA release has been demonstrated. AA, substrate for the eicosanoid system (prostaglandins, leukotrienes, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, thromboxanes), has been shown to increase mucus release, influence chloride transport and the stimulus-secretion coupling (Ca++ balance), all factors suggested as basic defects in CF. The increased release of AA might explain the development of EFAD, since AA is synthesized from linoleic acid. In animals EFAD gives rise to symptoms similar to those in CF, e.g. defect Na transport, liver steatosis, increased caloric need, disturbed insulin release, increased bacterial colonization of airways, and decreased immune response. Regular supplementation with fat emulsion (Intralipid) to CF patients normalizes the renal Na transport and prevents liver steatosis. We suggest that the basic defect in CF is a defect in or absence of lipocortin, causing an increased release of AA, which regulates synthesis in the eicosanoid system. An increase of the products in this system gives rise to the basic signs and symptoms of CF. The resulting EFAD is dependent on the rate of AA turnover and could explain most of the clinical symptoms and the progression of the disease.
Nuclear control of respiratory gene expression in mammalian cells (2005)

The mitochondrial respiratory apparatus is the product of both nuclear and mitochondrial genes. The protein coding capacity of mtDNA is restricted to the expression of 13 respiratory subunits and thus nuclear genes play a predominant role in the biosynthesis of the respiratory chain and in the expression of the mitochondrial genome. Transcriptional regulators that act on both nuclear and mitochondrial genes have been implicated in the bi-genomic expression of the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial transcription is directed by a small number of nucleus-encoded factors (Tfam, TFB1M, TFB2M, mTERF). The expression of these factors is coordinated with that of nuclear respiratory proteins through the action of transcriptional activators and coactivators. In particular, environmental signals induce the expression of PGC-1 family coactivators (PGC-1alpha, PGC-1beta, and PRC), which in turn target specific transcription factors (NRF-1, NRF-2, and ERR alpha) in the expression of respiratory genes. This system provides a mechanism for linking respiratory chain expression to environmental conditions and for integrating it with other functions related to cellular energetics.
History and future perspective of the modern silicon bipolar transistor (2001)

A brief historical account of the development of advanced silicon bipolar transistors (SBTs) at IBM Research is described, with a focus on discussing the technical merits of the directions taken. A perspective on the future of silicon bipolar is given, including a discussion on the merits of SiGe-base transistors, and on the scaling limits of both Si-base and SiGe-base transistors. An apples-to-apples comparison of SiGe-base transistors and GaAs HBTs is made, showing that GaAs HBTs are inherently faster and more scaleable than SiGe-base transistors.
Influence of xenon on sealed-off operation of rf-excited CO2 waveguide lasers (1984)

The addition of xenon to helium, nitrogen CO2 gas mixtures is shown to increase output power by 24% in sealed-off rf excited waveguide carbon dioxide lasers. Experiments with a range of laser output couplers indicate that this improvement is due to a corresponding increase in small signal gain, with the saturation intensity remaining fairly constant.
Multicenter Crossover Study of Automated Control of Inspired Oxygen in Ventilated Preterm Infants (2010)

In infants with fluctuations in Spo(2), automated Fio(2) adjustment improved maintenance of the intended Spo(2) range led to reduced time with high Spo(2) and more-frequent episodes with Spo(2) between 80% and 86%.
Ecological Mechanochemistry-Rational Utilization of Cross-boundary Charge Transfer- (2008)

Experimental case studies of ecology oriented mechanochemical reactions in two different genre were introduced, i. e. formation and reactivity of anion-doped titania and solid state Diels-Alder reaction between anthracene derivatives and benzoquinone. Theoretical background associated with the loss of symmetry of ligand field and molecules was explained by referring simulation studies.
Ultraviolet GaN Single Quantum Well Laser Diodes (2001)

The ultraviolet laser diodes (LDs) whose active layers consisted of binary GaN were grown on epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN substrates by a metalorganic chemical vapor deposition method. For the first time, we observed the lasing emission from binary GaN active layer by current injection. The emission wavelength of GaN single quantum well LDs was 366.9 nm under pulsed current injection and 369.0 nm under continuos-wave (cw) operation at room temperature. The threshold current density and voltage of these LDs under the 25°C cw operation were 3.5 kA/cm 2 and 4.6 V, respectively. The estimated lifetime was approximately 2000 h under 25°C cw operation at an output power of 2 mW.
Safety and efficacy of two reduced dosing regimens of sodium phosphate tablets for preparation prior to colonoscopy (2002)

A reduced tablet regimen for sodium phosphate tablets, using either 28 or 32 tablets, is well tolerated and effective for colon cleansing prior to colonoscopy.
Alternate Surface Cleaning Approaches for Ultra High Vacuum Chemical Vapor Deposition Epitaxy of Si and Ge x Si1 − x (1991)

We report the results obtained when various surface cleaning approaches are used for growth of silicon and germanium‐silicon epitaxial layers by ultra high vacuum chemical vapor deposition. Epitaxial layers of high quality are obtained when a prebake at 797°C is used to remove oxygen from the wafer surface. We also calculate the amount of oxygen expected at the original growth interface and in the bulk of the epitaxial layer under various vacuum conditions.
Case 36-1967 (1967)

Presentation of Case First admission. A sixty-nine-year-old man entered the hospital because of a mass in the neck. He had been well until four years previously, when he injured his back at work. X...
Interleukin-8 Expression in Normal Nasal Epithelium and Its Modulation by Infection with Respiratory Syncytial Virus and Cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor, Interleukin-1, and Interleukin-6 (1993)

Inflammation in nasal and airway tissue caused by allergens, microbial infection, and air pollution are likely to be regulated by inflammatory mediators produced by airway epithelial cells. We have therefore investigated the baseline expression of a number of cytokine genes known to be important inducers and modulators of inflammation, in freshly isolated human nasal epithelium. Cells were obtained by superficial scraping of turbinate tissue, and cDNA for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification was reverse-transcribed directly from lysates of 3 x 10(3) to 5 x 10(3) epithelial cells using random hexamers. Constitutive expression of relatively high levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) mRNA but undetectable levels (< 1 mRNA copy/cell) of granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), IL-6, IL-1, or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) mRNA were found after PCR amplification of the cDNA. IL-8 protein, but not IL-6, was identified in the nasal epithelial cells by immunocytochemistry. Infection with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or stimulation of nasal epithelium for 4 h with TNF or IL-1 in vitro resulted in a 4- to 10-fold increase in IL-8 mRNA expression but not in the expression of detectable levels of mRNA for the other cytokines. IL-8 was secreted by RSV-, IL-1-, and TNF-stimulated as well as unstimulated nasal epithelial cells after 6 to 20 h of culture. Neither IL-6, GM-CSF, nor TNF activity/immunoreactivity was detectable in the culture supernatants. Thus, it appears that IL-8 is a major cytokine of human nasal epithelium, constitutively expressed and readily secreted upon virus infection or stimulation with IL-1 and TNF.
Effects of Aprindine on Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction of Perfused Rat Heart (1996)

The present study was undertaken to determine whether aprindine, a class Ib antiarrythymic agent, exerts beneficial effects on ischemia/reperfusion-induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and metabolic derangement. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to 35-min global ischemia, followed by 60-min reperfusion, and functional and metabolic alterations of the heart were determined with or without aprindine-treatment. Ischemia induced a cessation of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), a rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and an increase in myocardial sodium content and a decrease in myocardial potassium content. When the hearts were reperfused, little recovery of LVDP and sustained rise in LVEDP and perfusion pressure were observed. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in a release of ATP metabolites and creatine kinase from perfused hearts, an increase in myocardial sodium and calcium contents, and a decrease in myocardial potassium and magnesium contents. Treatment of the perfused heart with either 10 or 30 microM aprindine for the last 3 min of pre-ischemia improved contractile recovery during reperfusion and suppressed changes in myocardial ion content during ischemia and reperfusion. Treatment with the agent also attenuated the release of ATP metabolites and creatine kinase from the heart. However, treatment with high concentrations of aprindine (70 and 100 microM) improved neither cardiac contractile dysfunction, myocardial ionic disturbance nor the release of ATP metabolites and creatine kinase during reperfusion. Two possible mechanisms for the cardioprotection by the agent have been suggested: suppression of transmembrane flux of substrates and enzymes, and prevention of accumulation of myocardial sodium during ischemia.
Theoretical analysis of optimum parameters for complete forbidden bands of three-dimensional photonic crystals with typical lattice structures (2006)

Based on plane wave expansion method, the influence of factors such as lattice structure, dielectric constant ratio and filling ratio on three-dimensional photonic crystals with fcc, diamond and woodpile structures is studied. Of these structures, the fcc structure, owing to its high symmetry, is only fit for close-packed lattice prepared by inverted-opal method. The diamond structure easily generates good complete band gaps with high band gap ratio, and also the complete forbidden band that is needed can be obtained by adjusting some parameters in the experiment. The woodpile structure can produce big band gaps in a wider parameter range than the other two structures, which offers convenience for preparing three-dimensional photonic crystals in the laboratory. For all three kinds of three-dimensional photonic crystal structures, their band gap width and band gap ratio can be improved with the increase of dielectric constant ratio. In this paper, some interesting phenomena not noticed in the former papers are also presented.
Role of neuronal and vascular Ca<sup>2+</sup>‐channels in the ACTH‐induced reversal of haemorrhagic shock (1993)

1. In a rat model of volume-controlled haemorrhagic shock causing the death of all control (saline-treated) animals within 30 min, the intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of ACTH-(1-24) at a dose of 160 micrograms kg-1 produced an impressive and sustained restoration of arterial pressure, pulse pressure and respiratory function, with 100% survival at the end of the observation period (2 h). 2. Both intracerebroventricular (i.c.v., 0.015-0.06 microgram kg-1) and i.v. (5 micrograms kg-1) pretreatment with the N-calcium channel blocker, omega-conotoxin GVIA, and i.v. (but not i.c.v.) pretreatment with the L-calcium channel blocker, nicardipine (125-500 micrograms kg-1) dose-dependently prevented the ACTH-induced shock reversal. 3. These results further indicate that the effect of ACTH in haemorrhagic shock may involve a neuronal link and the eventual restoration of vascular tone mediated by N- and L-type calcium channels, respectively.
Particles Resembling Papova Viruses in Human Cerebral Demyelinating Disease (1965)

Degenerated brain tissue obtained from a deceased patient who had progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy had been fixed in formalin prior to processing for electron microscopy. In ultrathin sections virus-like particles resembling papova virions were frequently observed in glial nuclei. Correlation with light-microscopy findings suggests that demyelination resulted from the cytocidal effect of the virus on oligodendroglia.
NCOMP—A Windows-Based Computer Program for Noncompartmental Analysis of Pharmacokinetic Data (1996)

The computer program NCOMP performs noncompartmental analysis of pharmacokinetic data obtained from iv bolus, continuous infusion, and oral modes of administration. Integration of area-under-the-curve and area-under-the-first-moment-curve is done by either Lagrange polynomials or the hybrid method of Purves, which uses parabola-through-the-origin and log trapezoidal algorithms. Written for Microsoft Windows, NCOMP is designed to be used in conjunction with a spreadsheet program for graphical display and handling of data. NCOMP interactively aids the user in determining how best to extrapolate the areas to time infinity and in estimating the time zero concentration for iv bolus data.
Measuring and Modeling Dynamic Loads Imposed by Moving Crowds (1996)

Excessive vibrations and deflections of modern flexible structures can be imposed by crowd movements. Dynamic forces generated by moving crowds of people while walking were measured using a specially designed, large, instrumented force platform consisting of six independent honeycomb plates. Experiments were conducted for individuals and groups of two and four people. A linear regression model was used to statistically characterize the footstep load-time history. Group loads were randomly simulated using the experimental parameters affecting individual footsteps and the coherency among the people in a group. The accuracy of the group load model is verified by frequency-domain comparison of simulated and measured data for groups of four people. Based on the work presented, loads are simulated for large crowds and design live loads are suggested for structural serviceability requirements under occupant walking activities. The design live loads vary both with footstep frequency and the size of the crowd.
A reconfiguration strategy for Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (2015)

This paper deals with Reconfigurable Cable-Driven Parallel Robots (RCDPRs). A RCDPR is able to change the locations of its cable exit points, the latter being defined as the connection points between the cables and the robot base frame. Given a RCDPR, a set of possible reconfigurations, a desired platform path and a description of the robot environment, the reconfiguration strategy proposed in this paper selects the optimal configurations to be associated to each point of the desired path. The selection of the optimal configurations can be performed with respect to several criteria such as the number of configuration changes, the number of cable reconfigurations and the robot stiffness. In this paper, the optimization is performed using a Dijkstra's based algorithm.
Factors affecting coercivity in rare-earth based advanced permanent magnet materials (1997)

The relationships that link microstructural properties of advanced permanent magnet materials with magnetic properties such as the coercivity are often difficult to quantify, especially in materials with nano-scale structures. Recent work on RE{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B-based powders fabricated with rapid-solidification techniques such as inert gas atomization (IGA) and melt-spinning provide insight into the nanostructural features which affect the acquisition and stability of coercivity. In all cases the coercivity is found to be a function of both the scale of the constituent microstructure and of the presence and distribution of minor phases.
High average power magnetic modulator for copper lasers (2005)

Magnetic compression circuits show the promise of long life for operation at high average powers and high repetition rates. When the Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Separation (AVLIS) Program at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory needed new modulators to drive their higher power copper lasers in the Laser Demonstration Facility (LDF), existing technology using thyratron switched capacitor inversion circuits did not meet the goal for long lifetimes at the required power levels. We have demonstrated that magnetic compression circuits can achieve this goal. Improving thyratron lifetime is achieved by increasing the thyratron conduction time, thereby reducing the effect of cathode depletion. This paper describes a three stage magnetic modulator designed to provide a 60 kV pulse to a copper laser at a 4.5 kHz repetition rate. This modulator operates at 34 kW input power and has exhibited MTBF of =1000 hours when using thyratrons and even longer MTBFs with a series stack of SCRs for the main switch. Within this paper, the electrical and mechanical designs for the magnetic compression circuits are discussed as are the important performance parameters of lifetime and jitter. Ancillary circuits such as the charge circuit and reset circuit are shown.
Series ratings of protective devices (2002)

The objective of this paper is to clarify "series-ratings" for fuse/breaker and breaker/breaker combinations. The paper compares "series-rated" systems to "selectively coordinated" and "fully-rated" systems, and references the appropriate Underwriters Laboratory standards and National Electrical Code clauses. Appropriate reference is also made to Canadian Standards Association standards and the Canadian Electrical Code. The UL and NEC requirements are extensive and relate to the performance of the individual protective devices, to the combination performance, and to the marking/labeling of the final enclosures. The inadequacies of the up-over-and-down method for assessing the series-rating capability of fuse/breaker combinations are discussed, and combination testing is emphasized. Years of experience have demonstrated that series-ratings provide an economic method of gaining the application advantages of molded case circuit breakers. The combinations are strictly evaluated and controlled with the consequence that series-ratings provide an excellent system-application.
Multi-mission module Patent (1966)

shapes may be used in the Multi-Mission Modular Stage, 3,286,529 MULTI-PaSSION MBBDmEHowever, a conventional cylindrical type with semi-el-
TosKer: A synergy between TOSCA and Docker for orchestrating multicomponent applications (2018)

Summary How to flexibly manage complex applications across heterogeneous cloud platforms is one of the main concerns in today's IT enterprise. The OASIS standard TOSCA (Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications) and the Docker ecosystem are two emerging solutions trying to address this problem from different perspectives. In this paper, we propose a solution that tries to synergically combine the pros of both TOSCA and of Docker. More precisely, we propose a TOSCA‐based representation for specifying the software components and the Docker containers forming an application. We also present T os K er , an engine for orchestrating the management of multicomponent applications based on the proposed TOSCA representation and on Docker. Finally, we illustrate how T os K er was fruitfully exploited in a concrete case study based on a third‐party application.
The implementation of a bluetooth-based wireless phonocardio-diagnosis system (2004)

Heart-sound stethoscoping is a vital reference for regular physicians diagnosing a heart function. Many heart diseases are diagnosed via this tiny stethoscope. We developed a wireless-transmission heart sound diagnosis system that combines the Bluetooth wireless function. The retrieval of heart sound signals is done through a self-made heart sound sensor. After amplifying and filtering, the signals were transmitted in wireless mode by using the Bluetooth module (CSR BC02). Another Bluetooth module in the other end was used to receive the heart sound signals. The signals were displayed and stored in a personal digital assistant (PDA) as phonocardiography (PCG) data.
Comparison of propylene/ethylene copolymers prepared with different catalysts (2006)

Abstract This study compared a series of experimental propylene/ethylene copolymers synthesized by a transition metal‐based, postmetallocene catalyst (xP/E) with homogeneous propylene/ethylene copolymers synthesized by conventional metallocene catalysts (mP/E). The properties varied from thermoplastic to elastomeric over the broad composition range examined. Copolymers with up to 30 mol % ethylene were characterized by thermal analysis, density, atomic force microscopy, and stress–strain behavior. The xP/Es exhibited noticeably lower crystallinity than mP/Es for the same comonomer content. Correspondingly, an xP/E exhibited a lower melting point, lower glass transition temperature, lower modulus, and lower yield stress than an mP/E of the same comonomer content. The difference was magnified as the comonomer content increased. Homogeneous mP/Es exhibited space‐filling spherulites with sharp boundaries and uniform lamellar texture. Increasing comonomer content served to decrease spherulite size until spherulitic entities were no longer discernable. In contrast, axialites, rather than spherulites, described the irregular morphological entities observed in xP/Es. The lamellar texture was heterogeneous in terms of lamellar density and organization. At higher comonomer content, embryonic axialites were dispersed among individual randomly arrayed lamellae. These features were characteristic of a copolymer with heterogeneous chain composition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1651–1658, 2006