gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Peptides Presented by HLA-E Molecules Are Targets for Human CD8+ T-Cells with Cytotoxic as well as Regulatory Activity (2010)

Tuberculosis (TB) is an escalating global health problem and improved vaccines against TB are urgently needed. HLA-E restricted responses may be of interest for vaccine development since HLA-E displays very limited polymorphism (only 2 coding variants exist), and is not down-regulated by HIV-infection. The peptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) potentially presented by HLA-E molecules, however, are unknown. Here we describe human T-cell responses to Mtb-derived peptides containing predicted HLA-E binding motifs and binding-affinity for HLA-E. We observed CD8(+) T-cell proliferation to the majority of the 69 peptides tested in Mtb responsive adults as well as in BCG-vaccinated infants. CD8(+) T-cells were cytotoxic against target-cells transfected with HLA-E only in the presence of specific peptide. These T cells were also able to lyse M. bovis BCG infected, but not control monocytes, suggesting recognition of antigens during mycobacterial infection. In addition, peptide induced CD8(+) T-cells also displayed regulatory activity, since they inhibited T-cell proliferation. This regulatory activity was cell contact-dependent, and at least partly dependent on membrane-bound TGF-beta. Our results significantly increase our understanding of the human immune response to Mtb by identification of CD8(+) T-cell responses to novel HLA-E binding peptides of Mtb, which have cytotoxic as well as immunoregulatory activity.
Improved SPECT quantification using compensation for scattered photons. (1984)

SPECT images are degraded by the inclusion of Compton-scattered photons within the pulse-height window. Phantom and patient studies with Tc-99m were used to evaluate a compensation method that consists of subtracting a fraction of the image reconstructed using events recorded within a secondary pulse-height window (92-125 keV) from that derived from the photopeak pulse-height window (127-153 keV). Images of line sources in air and in a water-filled phantom were stored. The compensated line spread functions (LSFs) were evaluated. In water, the absolute counting rates for the SPECT LSFs were within 10% of the rates measured in air. The phantom consisted of six solid acrylic spheres (diameters 10, 13, 16, 19, 25, 32 mm) placed within a cylindrical (22 cm diam) distribution of Tc-99m. For sphere diameters greater than 25 mm, the measured image contrasts were within 8% of the true uptake ratios. Our results have shown that high-quality, camera-based SPECT systems can reconstruct artifact-free images by making additional use of projection data acquired in a pulse-height window other than that over the primary photopeak. This compensation method results in qualitative and quantitative improvements for the limited source geometries investigated. Further studies are required to optimize this heuristic approach for other source geometries.
Synthesis of Diepoxides and Diaziridines, Precursors of Enantiomerically Pure a-Hydroxy and a-Amino Aldehydes or Acids, from D-Mannitol (1987)

Specific activations or protections of the hydroxyl groups of 3-4-0-isopropylidene-D-mannitol 2 followed by intramolecular SN2 reactions, lead to the chiral diepoxides 9 and 1 and to the chiral diaziridines 2 and 2 precursors of enantiomerically pure a-hydroxy and u-amino aldehydes or acids.E n a n t i o m e r i c a l l y p u r e a -h y d r o x y a l d e h y d e s o r a c i d s and a-aminoaldehydes or acids are key intermediates for the synthesis of biologically active compounds a s arachidonic acid metabolites.peptides analogues.These intermediates can be obtainedlS2 from a u n i q u e , i n e x p e n s i v e , c h i r a l , n a t u r a l l y o c c u r r i n g c o m pound, D-mannitol, according to the following scheme: CHO COOH Nu Nu COOH
A narrow beam 1.3-μm-super luminescent diode integrated with a spot-size converter and a new type rear absorbing region (1998)

The device structure and performance of 1.3-/spl mu/m narrow beam superluminescent diodes (NB-SLD's), which consist of a spot-size converter and a new type rear absorbing region, are reported. A butt-jointed selectively grown spot-size converter (SSC) is employed to realize the narrow beam characteristics. The rear absorbing region is designed as a taper structure with a part of the region is inclined from the active-stripe axes. In order to investigate the effects of both SSC length and active-region length on device performance, two types of NB-SLDs, whose SSC and active-region lengths differ, are fabricated. An electrode to sweep out photoexcited carriers in the absorption region is formed on one device. By comparing the characteristics of these devices, we clarify that a 500-/spl mu/m-active-region device is suitable for high-output power operation, and a 400-/spl mu/m-active-region device is suitable for realizing short coherent length. The light-output power is 13.9 mW at 200-mA-injection current for the former device, and the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the spectrum is 62.6 nm (calculated coherence length is 26.5 /spl mu/m) for the latter device. Very small spectral modulation index (0.015 at 5 mW-output power) is attained by grounding the absorption-region electrode. For the SSC length, a 300-/spl mu/m SSC device shows very narrow far-field patterns (FFPs) and very good fiber-coupling characteristics. The FWHM of horizontal and vertical FFPs are 8.9 and 10.6/spl deg/, respectively. Because of this narrow beam divergence, the coupling efficiency of -1.9 dB to a flat-end 4-/spl mu/m spot-size fiber is obtained without lenses. The alignment tolerance of this device to the fiber for both horizontal and vertical direction is more than 3 /spl mu/m at a loss of when -1 dB from the optimum coupling.
Miniaturized 40–60 GHz On-Chip Balun With Capacitive Loading Compensation (2014)

A millimeter-wave balun by using the broadside-coupled transmission lines and capacitive loading compensation is proposed and investigated. The balun is designed and verified by using a commercial SiGe BiCMOS technology. The measured results show that in the frequency range of 40-60 GHz, the amplitude mismatching and absolute phase error are less than 0.2 dB and 2.7°, respectively. The compact size of the balun is only 200 μm × 180 μm including grounding shield.
Postlicensure Safety Surveillance for Varicella Vaccine (2000)

Most of the reported adverse events associated with varicella vaccine are minor, and serious risks appear to be rare. We could not confirm a vaccine etiology for most of the reported serious events; several will require further study to clarify whether varicella vaccine plays a role. Education is needed to ensure appropriate use of varicella serologic assays and to eliminate confusion between varicella vaccine and varicella zoster immunoglobulin. JAMA. 2000;284:1271-1279
A 700- to 2500-MHz microstrip balun using a Wilkinson divider and 3-dB quadrature couplers (2005)

A simple microstrip wideband balun with low insertion loss for high-power operation is proposed. The balun is fabricated using one Wilkinson divider and two 3-dB quadrature couplers. A Wilkinson divider with a three-section structure is used for power splitting. A 180° phase difference is obtained by using two quadrature couplers with a twisted-pair coaxial cable. Experimental measurements show that the fabricated balun has an amplitude imbalance of ±0.5 dB and a phase imbalance of ±3.4° with an insertion loss of −1.3 dB over frequencies ranging from 700 to 2500 MHz. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 47: 333–335, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21162
The effects of various types and layouts of wick materials on the thermal performance of conventional solar stills (2016)

In this study, three identical conventional basin type solar stills were designed and constructed to experimentally investigate the effect of using different wick materials in two different layout arrangements. The solar still basin effective area was 1 m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the glass cover's tilted angle was fixed at 32.5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> . The first solar still was used as a reference still for comparison. The second solar still had a uniform spread of the wick material sheets in the saline water, covering the total still basin area. In this case, the wick material sheets were completely immersed in the saline water. The third solar still had a specially designed set up of mesh wires. In this case, the wick materials also cover the total still basin surface area but the wick materials were partially immersed in the saline water. The mesh wire set-ups were made from twelve 5 mm diameter and 1 m long steel wires. Five types of wick materials in the form of material sheets were used: light black cotton fabric, light jute fabric, black velvet fabric, black sheer mesh fabric, and a 4 mm thick sponge sheet. Spreading the wick material sheet to cover the basin area prevented the solar radiation; instead, the solar radiation was absorbed by the saline water and the wick material, enhancing the solar still yields. The aim of adding a mesh wire is to increase the evaporation surface area relying on the capillary effect to raise the saline water to the non-immersed part of the materials. In both layout arrangements, the light black cotton fabric was the most effective material in enhancing the still productivity, with 26.9% and 20.8% for the second and third still types respectively. The sponge sheet was found to be the least effective material in enhancing the still productivity with increases of 10.3% and 6.7% for the second and third types, respectively.
Increment Threshold and Dark Adaptation* (1963)

The increment threshold ΔI as a function of the background field I is independent of the amount of bleaching in rods and cones; the value of ΔI for rods depends upon the activity of their neighbors. The absorption of one quantum always elicits a rod signal, but its effectiveness depends upon the threshold for signals in the summation pool.In dark adaptation, log threshold for rods is proportional to the amount of rhodopsin bleached. It also depends upon the size of the test flash and upon the bleaching of neighboring rods. Each rhodopsin molecule while in the bleached state sends a continued signal of “dark light” to the summation pool. This total background of dark light adds simply to the bright background field (if any) and the dark adapted threshold is the increment threshold against this total background. Quantitative experimental relations are given and a speculative hypothesis advanced which could account for them.
Antitumor activity and preliminary drug disposition studies on chartreusin (NSC 5159). (1977)

Chartreusin has exhibited significant therapeutic activity against three experimental mouse tumors (ascitic P388, L1210 leukemia, and B16 melanoma) when tumor cells were inoculated i.p. and drug was administered i.p. In further testing against P388 leukemia, no activity was observed when drug was administered p.o., s.c., or i.v. Chartreusin was very slowly absorbed from the small intestine, thus explaining the lack of activity when administered p.o. When given i.p., the drug precipitated in the peritoneal cavity and was slowly absorbed over several hr. The strong activity observed by this route was related to the prolonged and intimate contact of drug with tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity. Upon s.c. administration, extensive precipitation occurred. Subsequent dissolution and absorption from the injection site were very slow, and measured plasma and tissue levels were quite low. Biliary excretion of chartreusin, the predominant route of elimination. was very rapid, with 80 to 100% of the dose appearing as unchanged drug in the bile within 6 hr after i.v. administration. Rapid biliary excretion after i.v. administration was reflected in a rapid decline in plasma and tissue concentrations to levels (shown by in vitro cell kill experiments) less than those necessary to kill P388 cells. When the bile ducts of i.v.-dosed leukemic mice were ligated, therapeutic activity was observed, confirming that the physiological disposition of chartreusin exerts a major influence on its therapeutic utility.
Methylmalonate-semialdehyde Dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis (2011)

Methylmalonate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase (MSDH) belongs to the CoA-dependent aldehyde dehydrogenase subfamily. It catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidation of methylmalonate semialdehyde (MMSA) to propionyl-CoA via the acylation and deacylation steps. MSDH is the only member of the aldehyde dehydrogenase superfamily that catalyzes a β-decarboxylation process in the deacylation step. Recently, we demonstrated that the β-decarboxylation is rate-limiting and occurs before CoA attack on the thiopropionyl enzyme intermediate. Thus, this prevented determination of the transthioesterification kinetic parameters. Here, we have addressed two key aspects of the mechanism as follows: 1) the molecular basis for recognition of the carboxylate of MMSA; and 2) how CoA binding modulates its reactivity. We substituted two invariant arginines, Arg-124 and Arg-301, by Leu. The second-order rate constant for the acylation step for both mutants was decreased by at least 50-fold, indicating that both arginines are essential for efficient MMSA binding through interactions with the carboxylate group. To gain insight into the transthioesterification, we substituted MMSA with propionaldehyde, as both substrates lead to the same thiopropionyl enzyme intermediate. This allowed us to show the following: 1) the pK(app) of CoA decreases by ∼3 units upon binding to MSDH in the deacylation step; and 2) the catalytic efficiency of the transthioesterification is increased by at least 10(4)-fold relative to a chemical model. Moreover, we observed binding of CoA to the acylation complex, supporting a CoA-binding site distinct from that of NAD(H).
Let's begin introducing the object-oriented paradigm (1991)

article Free Access Share on Let's begin introducing the object-oriented paradigm Author: Mark C. Temte View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGCSE BulletinVolume 23Issue 1Mar. 1991 pp 73–77https://doi.org/10.1145/107005.107018Published:01 March 1991Publication History 25citation499DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations25Total Downloads499Last 12 Months35Last 6 weeks11 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Studies on milk substitutes of vegetable origin. 1. The nutritive value of milk substitutes prepared from soyabean and groundnut. (1959)

The
present paper gives an account of results of preliminary studies on the overall
nutritive value of soyabean and groundnut milks and the protein efficiency ratio
(PER) of the proteins of spray~driedpowder obtained from a blend of soyabean
and groundnut milks.
A sorbent based on phosphorylated lignin (2010)

A procedure was developed for preparing an effective sorbent based on lignin phosphorylated in the presence of urea. The phosphorus content was 16.6 wt %. The total exchange capacity was 0.86 mmol g−1 for Cu2+ ions and 0.23 mmol g−1 for UO 2 2+ ions. The effect of urea on the lignin phosphorylation was examined by IR spectroscopy.
POTENCY ENHANCEMENT OF A GnRH AGONIST: GnRH-RECEPTOR MICROAGGREGATION STIMULATES GONADOTROPIN RELEASE (1982)

Binding of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH, pyro-Glu1-His2-Trp3-Ser4-Tyr5-Gly6-Leu7-Arg8-Pro9-Gly-NH210) to its plasma membrane receptor is the first step leading to pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) release. In the present study, we have prepared the ethylene glycol bis(succinimidyl succinate) (EGS) dimer of a GnRH agonist, D-Lys6-GnRH; that is, (D-Lys6-GnRH)-EGS-(D-Lys6-GnRH). The bridge length of the EGS is about 15A. This dimer stimulates LH release from pituitary cultures with full efficacy but slightly less potency than D-Lys6-GnRH indicating that the dimerization merely restricts the action of each molecule of D-Lys6-GnRH with respect to the other. When a concentration of the dimer, which alone is too low to evoke substantial LH release, is incubated with pituitary cell cultures in the presence of antibody (AB) against D-Lys6-GnRH, considerable potency enhancement occurs. LH release in response to the AB-dimer conjugate requires extracellular Ca2+ and is blocked by Pimozide. The monovalent form (i.e. reduced pepsin fragment) of AB is ineffective in stimulating release. The addition of antibody to the dimer appears to confer the ability to cross-link receptors and indicates that receptor microaggregation as such is sufficient to activate the effector system in these cells and evoke release.
Type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA contributes to protection against porcine pleuropneumonia (2012)

Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. We examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae (ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA, ApxIVA and TbpB). Immunization of pigs with recombinant ApfA alone induced high levels of specific serum antibodies and provided partial protection against challenge with the heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain. This protection was higher than that engendered by vaccination with rApxIVA or rTbpB alone and similar to that observed after immunization with the tri-antigen combination of rApxIA, rApxIIA and rApxIIIA. In addition, rApfA improved the vaccination potential of the penta-antigen mixture of rApxIA, rApxIIA, rApxIIIA, rApxIVA and rTbpB proteins, where the hexa-antigen vaccine containing rApfA conferred a high level of protection on pigs against the disease. Moreover, when rApfA was used for vaccination alone or in combination with other antigens, such immunization reduced the number of pigs colonized with the challenge strain. These results indicate that ApfA could be a valuable component of an efficient subunit vaccine for the prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia.
Role of milk protein–based products in some quality attributes of goat milk yogurt (2016)

Goat milk yogurts were manufactured with the fortification of 2% (wt/vol) skim goat milk powder (SGMP), sodium caseinate (NaCn), whey protein concentrate (WPC), whey protein isolate (WPI), or yogurt texture improver (YTI). Yogurts were characterized based on compositional, microbiological, and textural properties; volatile flavor components (with gas chromatography); and sensory analyses during storage (21d at 5 °C). Compared with goat milk yogurt made by using SGMP, the other goat milk yogurt variants had higher protein content and lower acidity values. Goat milk yogurts with NaCn and WPC, in particular, had better physical characteristics. Using WPI caused the hardest structure in yogurt, leading to higher syneresis values. Acetaldehyde and ethanol formation increased with the incorporation of WPI, WPC, or YTI to yogurt milk. The tyrosine value especially was higher in the samples with NaCn and YTI than in the samples with WPC and WPI. Counts of Streptococcus thermophilus were higher than the counts of Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, possibly due to a stimulatory effect of milk protein-based ingredients other than SGMP on the growth of S. thermophilus. Yogurt with NaCn was the best accepted among the yogurts. For the parameters used, milk protein-based products such as NaCn or WPC have promising features as suitable ingredients for goat milk yogurt manufacture.
Early serum HBsAg drop: A strong predictor of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative patients # (2008)

Early serum HBsAg drop has high predictive values of SVR to PEG-IFN in HBeAg-negative CHB patients. Serum quantitative HBsAg may be a useful tool to optimize the management of PEG-IFN therapy in these patients.
Femtosecond broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy: Apparatus and methods (2004)

The laser, detection system, and methods that enable femtosecond broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS) are presented in detail. FSRS is a unique tool for obtaining high time resolution (<100 fs) vibrational spectra with an instrument response limited frequency resolution of <10 cm(-1). A titanium:Sapphire-based laser system produces the three different pulses needed for FSRS: (1) A femtosecond visible actinic pump that initiates the photochemistry, (2) a narrow bandwidth picosecond Raman pump that provides the energy reservoir for amplification of the probe, and (3) a femtosecond continuum probe that is amplified at Raman resonances shifted from the Raman pump. The dependence of the stimulated Raman signal on experimental parameters is explored, demonstrating the expected exponential increase in Raman intensity with concentration, pathlength, and Raman pump power. Raman spectra collected under different electronic resonance conditions using highly fluorescent samples highlight the fluorescence rejection capabilities of FSRS. Data are also presented illustrating our ability: (i) To obtain spectra when there is a large transient absorption change by using a shifted excitation difference technique and (ii) to obtain high time resolution vibrational spectra of transient electronic states.
Treatment of actinic keratoses with a novel betulin‐based oleogel. A prospective, randomized, comparative pilot study (2008)

Betulin-based oleogel seems to be an effective novel approach in the topical treatment of actinic keratoses. However,the clinical and histological findings of the present pilot study have to be verified against placebo with larger case numbers.
The use of a continuous cell line for the isolation of influenza viruses. (1978)

Cultures of MDCK cells exposed to trypsin were as efficient as cultures of rhesus monkey kidney cells for detecting influenza virus, both in dilutions of infected allantoic fluids and in nose and throat swabs. We suggest that the MDCK cell/trypsin system provides a satisfactory alternative to monkey kidney cultures for the isolation of influenza viruses from clinical specimens.