gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Ferroelectric arrays: the route to low-cost uncooled infrared imaging</title> (1995)

Large arrays of ferroelectric elements have considerable potential for thermal imaging applications, offering operation and performance which challenges the cooled semiconductor detectors. A hybrid array technology, exploiting ferroelectric ceramic materials is the basis of a successful range of two dimensional arrays. The success is based on hot pressed ceramic (operated in both pyroelectric and dielectric bolometer modes), and the technologies for solder bump bonding and element reticulation. Arrays have been made with up to 10<SUP>5</SUP> elements at pitches down to 40 micrometer, thus providing high resolution in compact systems. Ferroelectrics have now been produced as thin films with high figures of merit and, once deposition techniques compatible with silicon integrated circuits have been demonstrated, these will allow a more direct array fabrication. These integrated array technologies have potential for high yield and low cost arrays of very large numbers of elements. Thermal imaging systems research has led to a signal conditioning architecture optimized for pyroelectric and dielectric bolometer arrays and exploiting the ac coupling of the ferroelectric response to the radiation. The resulting compact sensors give high image quality with low fixed pattern nose in reliable, low power formats.
Waste Heat Recovery - Bottoming Cycle Alternatives (2012)

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Glomerular Hyperfiltration and the Salt Paradox in Early Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (2003)

Diabetes mellitus contributes greatly to morbidity, mortality, and overall health care costs. In major part, these outcomes derive from the high incidence of progressive kidney dysfunction in patients with diabetes making diabetic nephropathy a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. A better understanding of the early dysfunctions observed in the diabetic kidney may permit the development of new strategies to prevent diabetic nephropathy. This review proposes a "tubulo-centric" view of glomerular function in early type I diabetes mellitus. The following are particularly discussed (1) the primary role of an increase in reabsorption by the proximal tubule in early glomerular hyperfiltration, (2) the role of sodium-glucose cotransport and tubular growth under these conditions, and (3) the primary role of reabsorption by the proximal tubule for the paradoxical relationship between dietary salt and glomerular filtration rate. Finally, an outline is presented of potential therapeutic implications for the prevention of diabetic kidney disease.
Low inductance and high efficiency single-pole writing head for perpendicular double layer recording media (1999)

A new type of thin film inductive single-pole head for perpendicular magnetic recording has been developed to provide a writing head for perpendicular double layer media. The head consisted of a main pole, three thin-film conductive layers to drive the pole and a return path pole. A low inductance of around 1.5 nH and a small saturation magneto-motive force of less than 0.025 AT/sub 0.p/ was obtained. The D/sub 50/ was 180 kFRPI with an MR head of 210 nm shield separation. The error rate at 310 kFRPI was 10/sup -6/. Head induced erasure, which is an issue for the single-pole head, was also investigated by experiments and calculations. Around 10% output reduction in 20 Oe stray field was confirmed. Computer simulation predicted an improvement by reducing the permeability of the medium's underlayer.
Model-Based Prognostic Techniques Applied to a Suspension System (2008)

Conventional maintenance strategies, such as corrective and preventive maintenance, are not adequate to fulfill the needs of expensive and high availability transportation and industrial systems. A new strategy based on forecasting system degradation through a prognostic process is required. The recent advances in model-based design technology have realized significant time savings in product development cycle. These advances facilitate the integration of model-based diagnosis and prognosis of systems, leading to condition-based maintenance and increased availability of systems. With an accurate simulation model of a system, diagnostics and prognostics can be synthesized concurrently with system design. In this paper, we develop an integrated prognostic process based on data collected from model-based simulations under nominal and degraded conditions. Prognostic models are constructed based on different random load conditions (modes). An interacting multiple model (IMM) is used to track the hidden damage. Remaining-life prediction is performed by mixing mode-based life predictions via time-averaged mode probabilities. The solution has the potential to be applicable to a variety of systems, ranging from automobiles to aerospace systems.
Preventing Complications in Continuous Arteriovenous Hemofiltration (1986)

For critically ill oliguric patients, continuous hemofiltration is a method of treating fluid volume overload, without resorting to mechanical hemodialysis. For the critical care nurse, who is responsible for maintaining the hemofiltration system and monitoring the patient's progress, this article provides guidelines for preventing complications.
All fiber cladding mode stripper with uniform heat distribution and high cladding light loss manufactured by CO2 laser ablation (2018)

Cladding mode strippers are primarily used at the end of a fiber laser cavity to remove high-power excess cladding light without inducing core loss and beam quality degradation. Conventional manufacturing methods of cladding mode strippers include acid etching, abrasive blasting or laser ablation. Manufacturing of cladding mode strippers using laser ablation consist of removing parts of the cladding by fused silica ablation with a controlled penetration and shape. We present and characterize an optimized cladding mode stripper design that increases the cladding light loss with a minimal device length and manufacturing time. This design reduces the localized heat generation by improving the heat distribution along the device. We demonstrate a cladding mode stripper written on a 400um fiber with cladding light loss of 20dB, with less than 0.02dB loss in the core and minimal heating of the fiber and coating. The manufacturing process of the designed component is fully automated and takes less than 3 minutes with a very high throughput yield.
<i>N</i>‐Acetyl cysteine and clomiphene citrate for induction of ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross‐over trial (2007)

N-Acetyl cysteine is proved effective in inducing or augmenting ovulation in polycystic ovary patients.
Early Clinical Study of an Intermittent Schedule for Maytansine (NSC-153858): Brief Communication 2 (1978)

Maytansine, an ansa macrolide, was evaluated in an early clinical trial in 40 adult patients with various solid tumors. Severe nausea and vomiting, sometimes associated with watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps, and liver function abnormalities, mainly elevation of serum glutamic--oxaloacetic transaminase levels, together constituted what we considered dose-limiting toxicity. Mild hematologic toxicity (mainly thrombocytopenia), neurotoxicity, and possibly cardiac toxicity were also noted. No antitumor effect was seen. An iv dose of 0.750 mg/m2 on days 1, 3, and 5 (total dose, 2.25 mg/m2) repeated every 4 weeks is recommended for Phase II trials.
New solar simulator for multi-junction solar cell measurements (2002)

The authors have developed a new solar simulator based on the idea of supplementary-light method for performance measurement of multi-junction solar cells. It is designed to make use of the stable light, good uniformity and good spectral simulation of the currently used single xenon lamp solar simulator. The spectral distribution of the new solar simulator can be adjusted by adding the variable supplementary lights to the main light, and it is used for determining the conversion efficiency of two or three layer multi-junction solar cells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantitative correlation of homogeneously stained regions on chromosome 10 with dihydrofolate reductase enzyme in human cells. (1983)

Gene amplification may be visualized within a chromosome as a homogeneously stained region (HSR) and HSRs have rarely been reported in human tumor cells with identification of the amplified gene. A parental line and seven clones derived from KB cells resistant to methotrexate (MTX) contain dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase; EC 1.5.1.3), ranging from 0.007 unit/mg in the parent to 0.369 unit/mg in clone 7A with a 13,000-fold increase in resistance to MTX. The enzyme is identical to DHFR from other human sources, including that from leukemic patients. A HSR localized to the long arm of chromosome 10(q26) is present in clones selected at or above 2.5 microM MTX. Increase in number of 10q per cell, increase in number of HSR, and increasing amounts of DHFR correlate well. The chromosome change is stable with time as is enzyme production even in the absence of selection by MTX. No clone has shown double minutes. The gene copy number is low. The stability and low gene copy in the presence of large HSRs differ from the pattern described for murine tumors. A human gene for DHFR may be associated with the long arm of chromosome 10.
Measurement of cavity resonance In a PBG waveguide microcavity at λ=1.564/µm (1997)

We present direct measurements of PBG resonances in submicron waveguides at optical frequencies. Cavities with Q's of 250 at λ=1.564µm are measured in PBG structures integrated into Si/SiO2 strip waveguides. The modal volumes, 0.25µm3, are the smallest achieved in any microcavity device to date.
Comparative study: Vonoprazan and proton pump inhibitors in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> eradication therapy (2017)

Vonoprazan might be superior to PPIs in first-line <i>H. pylori</i> therapy, particularly for smokers. However, caution is required due to possible adverse events.
Virus transfer between fingerpads and fomites (2010)

The study is the first to provide a large data set of virus transfer events describing the central tendency and distribution of fraction virus transferred between fingers and glass. The data set from the study, along with the quantified effect sizes of the factors explored, inform studies examining role of fomites in disease transmission.
Protein phosphatase 1 – targeted in many directions (2002)

Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a major eukaryotic protein serine/threonine phosphatase that regulates an enormous variety of cellular functions through the interaction of its catalytic subunit (PP1c) with over fifty different established or putative regulatory subunits. Most of these target PP1c to specific subcellular locations and interact with a small hydrophobic groove on the surface of PP1c through a short conserved binding motif--the RVxF motif--which is often preceded by further basic residues. Weaker interactions may subsequently enhance binding and modulate PP1 activity/specificity in a variety of ways. Several putative targeting subunits do not possess an RVxF motif but nevertheless interact with the same region of PP1c. In addition, several 'modulator' proteins bind to PP1c but do not possess a domain targeting them to a specific location. Most are potent inhibitors of PP1c and possess at least two sites for interaction with PP1c, one of which is identical or similar to the RVxF motif. Regulation of PP1c in response to extracellular and intracellular signals occurs mostly through changes in the levels, conformation or phosphorylation status of targeting subunits. Understanding of the mode of action of PP1c complexes may facilitate development of drugs that target particular PP1c complexes and thereby modulate the phosphorylation state of a very limited subset of proteins.
Tomlinson-Harashima Precoding with Soft Detection for Faster than Nyquist DP-16QAM Coherent Optical Systems (2015)

We demonstrate the feasibility of transmitting 5×32 Gbaud DP-16QAM faster-than-Nyquist signals within 30 GHz spaced channels, which is enabled by the Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) combined with soft-decision forward error correction (SD-FEC).
Synthesis of a Cephalosporin-Doxorubicin Antitumor Prodrug: A Substrate for an Antibody-targeted Enzyme (1993)

Cephalosporin (12) substituted at the C-3' position with the potent oncoiytic agent doxorubicin (2) was synthesized as a potential prodrug for the treatment of solid tumors.We envision the conversion of prodrug to free doxorubicin to be mediated by an immunomnjugate, consisting of a p-iactamase enzyme which is covalently attached to a monoclonal antibody, which has been prelocalized on the tumor cell surface.Doxorubicin was covalently attached to the cephalosporin nucleus via a carbamate linkage.This was accomplished by condensation of the amino sugar moiety of doxorubicin with cephem 3'-p-nitrophenyl carbonate (10).The targeting of oncolytic agents to tumor cells using monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-drug conjugates has received considerable attention in recent years.' Utilizing the ability of the MoAb to recognize and bind to specific tumor associated antigens, a cytotoxic agent covalently bound to the MoAb may exhibit both antitumor activity and decreased toxicity to non-targeted tissues.An alternative two-step approach utilizes a bifunctional antibody (a MoAb with affinity for both a tumor antigen and a hapten) and a hapten which is a radiopharmaceutical or cytotoxic agent.2We have reported 3 an alternative two-step approach based upon the insight gained from work on bifunctional antibodies as well as covalent MoAb-cytotoxic agent constructs.Our system employs an enzyme covaientiy bound to a MoAb which localizes on the targeted tumor cell surface.Subsequent administration of a prodrug (which is a substrate of the enzyme) allows for the specific enzyme-catalyzed release of the cytotoxic agent at the tumor site, as depicted in Figure 1.This approach, which we term Antibody-directed # Dedicated to Professor Edward C. Taylor on the occasion of his 70th birthday
Determination of Hydrostatic Pressure and Dynamic ECD by Computer Models and Field Measurements on the Directional HPHT Well 22130C-13 (1995)

Abstract The margin between fracture pressure and formation pressure while drilling the HPHT section on the deviated Well 22/30c- 13 was marginal. To successfully drill this section required an accurate knowledge of the Equivalent Mud Weight (hydrostatic pressure) and Equivalent Circulating Density. This paper presents how field measurements in conjunction with computer model predictions of hydrostatic pressure and ECD were made and applied to drilling the HPHT section. The technique proved valid for use in future HPHT wells. This paper also presents the effect of barite sag on hydrostatic pressure and ECD in a deviated HPHT well.
Hydroxamates: Relationships between Structure and Plasma Stability (2009)

Hydroxamates are valuable tools for chemical biology as well as interesting leads for medicinal chemistry. Although many hydroxamates display nanomolar activities against metalloproteases, only three hydroxamates have reached the market, among which is the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat. Failures in development are generally attributed to lack of selectivity, toxicity, or poor stability. To help medicinal chemists with respect to plasma stability, we have performed the first and preliminary study on structure-plasma stability for hydroxamates. We define some structural rules to predict or improve the plasma stability in the preclinical stage.
Modified Genetic Algorithm for Parameter Selection of Compartmental Models (2007)

A Modified Genetic Algorithm has been developed for the task of optimal parameter selection for compartmental models. As a case study, a predictive model of the emerging health threat of obesity in America was developed which incorporated varying levels of three treatment strategies in an attempt to decrease the amount of overweight Americans over a ten-year period. The Genetic Algorithm was then applied to the task of minimizing the number of overweight persons while minimizing the costs associated with implementing the chosen treatment plans. Throughout repeated trials, the GA was able to converge to consistent, high-scoring treatment strategies after only a few minutes of computation on a desktop PC. This result demonstrates the ability of the modified Genetic Algorithm to effectively perform multivariate, nonlinear, simulation-based optimization routines in a short time.
Purification and characterization of a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase from vaccinia virions. (1980)

A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been extracted from vaccinia virions and purified to near homogeneity as judged by glycerol gradient sedimentation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The native enzyme has a molecular weight of approximately 500,000 and can be dissociated into putative subunits of 140,000, 137,000, 37,000, 35,000, 31,000, 22,000, and 17,000 daltons. Activity was dependent on all four ribonucleoside triphosphates, Mn2+, and a DNA template. Optimal activity occurred at pH 7.9 in the presence of 90 mM KCl or 40 mM (NH4)2SO4. All single-stranded DNAs tested served as templates. By contrast, linear double-stranded DNAs were not effectively transcribed and very low activity was obtained with circular supercoiled DNAs which contain small single-stranded regions. The synthetic alternating copolymer poly(dA-dT), which forms a completely base-paired structure, also was not transcribed, whereas poly(dA,dT) and other random copolymers served as templates. Of the four homopolydeoxribonucleotides, only poly(dC) and poly(dT) were transcribed, suggesting that initiation specifically occurs with purine ribonucleotides. In support of this, higher Km values were obtained for GTP and ATP (333 and 80 micro M, respectively) than for UTP and CTP (22 and 12 micro M, respectively) using a DNA template. The RNA polymerase was inhibited by polyanions but was resistant to rifampicin and alpha-amanitin.
Prediction-based channel zapping latency reduction techniques for IPTV systems &#x2014; A survey (2009)

Internet Protocol Television - IPTV is a new form of traditional TV, in which TV content is delivered using IP based networks which are managed to provide the required level of quality of service, experience, security, interactivity and reliability. Quality of Service (QoS) and Quality of Experience (QoE) are the two major factors which need to be ensured in order to achieve IPTV customer satisfaction. Channel zapping latency is the major problem which affects QoE for IPTV users. In IPTV systems while switching channels, a delay occurs due to different factors like IGMP Join/Leave latency, video steam encoding and decoding time, network jitter and traffic load. These factors hinder the process of IPTV deployment at large scale and pose scalability issues to IPTV. In order to solve IPTV channel zapping latency problem, a number of approaches have been contributed by different researchers but due to bandwidth limitation and video quality issues, every approach has its own tradeoff. In this paper, we survey the current state-of-art in this thread of research and present the insights behind various approaches that have been proposed in literature to solve the problem of increased channel zapping time. In conclusion, we also point out open research questions and future research areas.
Site-directed mutagenesis of the putative active site of human 17<i>β</i>-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (1994)

Several amino acid residues (Cys54, Tyr155, His210, His213 and His221) at a putative catalytic site of human 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 were mutated to Ala. Replacement of His221 by Ala remarkably reduced the catalytic activity, which resulted from a change of both the Km and the Vmax. values of the enzyme. Compared with the wild-type enzyme, the catalytic efficiency of the His221-->Ala mutant was reduced 20-fold for the oxidative reaction and 11-fold for the reductive reaction. With similar mutations at His210 or His213, no notable effects on the catalytic properties of the enzyme were detected. However, a simultaneous mutation of these amino acid residues decreased the Vmax. values of both oxidation and reduction by about 50% from those measured for the wild-type enzyme. Although Cys54 has been localized in the cofactor-binding region of the enzyme, a Cys54-->Ala mutation did not lead to changes in the enzymic activity. The most dramatic effects on the catalytic properties of the enzyme were achieved by mutating Tyr155, which resulted in an almost completely inactivation of the enzyme. The decreased enzymic activities of the Tyr155-->Ala, His210-->Ala + His213-->Ala and His221-->Ala mutations were also reflected in a reduced immunoreactivity of the enzymes. The results thus suggest that the lower catalytic efficiency of the mutant enzymes is due to an exchange of catalytically important amino acid residues and/or remarkable alterations in the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme. The recently detected polymorphisms (Ala237<-->Val and Ser312<-->Gly) were not found to affect either the catalytic or the immunological properties of the type 1 enzyme.
Identification of Receptor Binding and Activation Determinants in the N-terminal and N-loop Regions of the CC Chemokine Eotaxin (2001)

Eotaxin is a CC chemokine that specifically activates the receptor CCR3 causing accumulation of eosinophils in allergic diseases and parasitic infections. Twelve amino acid residues in the N-terminal (residues 1-8) and N-loop (residues 11-20) regions of eotaxin have been individually mutated to alanine, and the ability of the mutants to bind and activate CCR3 has been determined in cell-based assays. The alanine mutants at positions Thr(7), Asn(12), Leu(13), and Leu(20) show near wild type binding affinity and activity. The mutants T8A, N15A, and K17A have near wild type binding affinity for CCR3 but reduced receptor activation. A third class of mutants, S4A, V5A, R16A, and I18A, display significantly perturbed binding affinity for CCR3 while retaining the ability to activate or partially activate the receptor. Finally, the mutant Phe(11) has little detectable activity and 20-fold reduced binding affinity relative to wild type eotaxin, the most dramatic effect observed in both assays but less dramatic than the effect of mutating the corresponding residue in some other chemokines. Taken together, the results indicate that residues contributing to receptor binding affinity and those required for triggering receptor activation are distributed throughout the N-terminal and N-loop regions. This conclusion is in contrast to the separation of binding and activation functions between N-loop and N-terminal regions, respectively, that has been observed previously for some other chemokines.
Game theory based autonomous vehicles operation (2014)

In this paper, we propose a game theory based approach to decision making with application to the operation of autonomous ground vehicles in highway setting. The mixed-motive game theory is utilised as a decisionmaking strategy in the context of a two-player game involving autonomous vehicles. The payoff matrices are defined by considering the safety of each player’s decision combination in view of their desire to stay within a given lane or to change lanes in consideration of the traffic conditions that the vehicles encounter. By analysing the payoff matrix, either a pure (deterministic)strategy or a mixed (probabilistic) strategy is selected. Three 10 km velocity profiles are predefined for simulation purposes. The simulation results demonstrate effective driving performance. In particular when it is compared with non-game theory cases, game theory based results show larger payoff for both vehicles and smaller payoff differences, securing safe manoeuvring via lane change manoeuvre (LCM) and adaptive cruise control (ACC).