gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models of Neocortical Layer 5b Pyramidal Cells Capturing a Wide Range of Dendritic and Perisomatic Active Properties (2011)

The thick-tufted layer 5b pyramidal cell extends its dendritic tree to all six layers of the mammalian neocortex and serves as a major building block for the cortical column. L5b pyramidal cells have been the subject of extensive experimental and modeling studies, yet conductance-based models of these cells that faithfully reproduce both their perisomatic Na(+)-spiking behavior as well as key dendritic active properties, including Ca(2+) spikes and back-propagating action potentials, are still lacking. Based on a large body of experimental recordings from both the soma and dendrites of L5b pyramidal cells in adult rats, we characterized key features of the somatic and dendritic firing and quantified their statistics. We used these features to constrain the density of a set of ion channels over the soma and dendritic surface via multi-objective optimization with an evolutionary algorithm, thus generating a set of detailed conductance-based models that faithfully replicate the back-propagating action potential activated Ca(2+) spike firing and the perisomatic firing response to current steps, as well as the experimental variability of the properties. Furthermore, we show a useful way to analyze model parameters with our sets of models, which enabled us to identify some of the mechanisms responsible for the dynamic properties of L5b pyramidal cells as well as mechanisms that are sensitive to morphological changes. This automated framework can be used to develop a database of faithful models for other neuron types. The models we present provide several experimentally-testable predictions and can serve as a powerful tool for theoretical investigations of the contribution of single-cell dynamics to network activity and its computational capabilities.
Fabrication and characterization of microlenses realized by a modified LIGA process (1997)

We present a fabrication technology for the creation of high-aperture polymer microlenses and their optical characterization both as single lenses and mounted in a micro-objective. The microlenses are made by the LIGA process (x-ray lithography, electroforming and moulding techniques), which is modified by an additional x-ray irradiation step and a melting process. The spherical lenses are realized by melting of PMMA micro-cylinders, which have been flood exposed in the additional synchrotron irradiation step. For the cost-effective replication by hot embossing a moulding tool is made out of the primary PMMA lenses.
Molecular design for improved photovoltaic efficiency: band gap and absorption coefficient engineering (2009)

Removing the adjacent thiophene groups around the acceptor core in low band gap polymers significantly enhances solar cell efficiency through increasing the optical absorption and raising the ionization potential of the polymer.
Constraining neutrino masses by CMB experiments alone (2005)

It is shown that a subelectronvolt upper limit can be derived on the neutrino mass from the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data alone in the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\mathrm{C}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{M}$ model with the power-law adiabatic perturbations, without the aid of any other cosmological data. Assuming the flatness of the Universe, the constraint we can derive from the current Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe observations is $\ensuremath{\sum}_{}^{}{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}<2.0\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ at the 95% confidence level for the sum over three species of neutrinos (${m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}<0.66\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ for the degenerate neutrinos) by maximizing the likelihood over six other cosmological parameters. This constraint modifies little even if we abandon the flatness assumption for the spatial curvature. We argue that it would be difficult to improve the limit much beyond $\ensuremath{\sum}_{}^{}{m}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}$ using only the CMB data, even if their statistics are substantially improved. However, a significant improvement of the limit is possible if an external input is introduced that constrains the Hubble constant from below. The parameter correlation and the mechanism of CMB perturbations that give rise to the limit on the neutrino mass are also elucidated.
Identification and meta-analytic assessment of psychological constructs measured in employment interviews. (2001)

There has been a growing interest in understanding what constructs are assessed in the employment interview and the properties of those assessments. To address these issues, the authors developed a comprehensive taxonomy of 7 types of constructs that the interview could assess. Analysis of 338 ratings from 47 actual interview studies indicated that basic personality and applied social skills were the most frequently rated constructs in this taxonomy, followed by mental capability and job knowledge and skills. Further analysis suggested that high- and low-structure interviews tend to focus on different constructs. Taking both frequency and validity results into consideration, the findings suggest that at least part of the reason why structured interviews tend to have higher validity is because they focus more on constructs that have a stronger relationship with job performance. Limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Synthesis of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5-<i>x</i></sub>Ti<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> by an Emulsion Drying Method and Effect of Ti on Structure and Electrochemical Properties (2005)

Layered LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xTixO2 was prepared by an emulsion drying method. Solid solution of LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xTixO2 (R3̄m, space group) was formed to x ≤ 0.3, and when x > 0.3, the layered structure transformed to the simple cubic structure. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction data clearly showed that a small amount of Ti doping into LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 structure resulted in reduced cation mixing in the Li layer, and the stronger Ti−O bond relative to the Mn−O one would stabilize the crystal structure. Consequently, charge−discharge capacity and Li+ chemical diffusion of Li/LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xTixO2 cells were enhanced by the improvement of physical properties in the oxide matrix. For a higher level of Ti doping, the obtained capacity decreased because a large amount of electro-inactive Ti4+ (d0) depressed the conduction of electrons in the oxide. The cyclability of Li/LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xTixO2 (x = 0−0.3) cells was also dependent on the amount of Ti because of a different degree of cation mixing. In situ XRD observation confirmed that the variation in c-axis was different by increasing the Ti doping amount. That is, the Ti doping resulted in a smaller variation in the c-axis, which would be ascribed to the improvement of structural integrity by the stronger bond of Ti−O in the oxide matrix, compared to the Ti-free one. The Ti-doped LiNi0.5Mn0.5-xTixO2 materials also have good thermal safety characteristics at a highly oxidized state, as confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry.
AAPG/Datapages Discovery Series No. 7: Multidimensional Basin Modeling, Chapter 15: Simple 3-D Modeling of Hydrocarbon Migration (2003)

Migration modeling by means of the reservoir simulation techniques is not always capable of handling migration of oil and gas on a basin scale through geologic time because it may require too many time steps and become too computer demanding. However, simple algorithmic description of the migration process can be an alternative to reservoir simulation techniques. One such algorithm is presented here for migration modeling on a basin scale. The basis for the algorithm is a grouping of the simulation cells in the basin into two capillary pressure end members, which corresponds with a coarse-grained reservoir type rock and a fine-grained shale type rock, respectively. This capillary pressure model makes it easy to obtain the migration paths, drainage areas, drainage boundaries, spill points, and traps. The migration paths can be considered as approximate streamlines for the migrating fluids.
Microwave properties of nonlinear MIS and Schottky-barrier microstrip (1975)

It is shown that metal-insulatior-semiconductor (MIS) and Schottky-barrier microstrip structures having substrate resistivities within a certain range propagate slow waves with phase velocities that are dependent upon the instantaneous voltage at each point along the line. This and other useful properties of these microstrips can be used advantageously in a number of microwave devices. Loss measurements for the MIS microstrip structure confirm the predictred frequency dependence of the attenuation constant. While the levels of measured attenuation presently achieved are fairly high (4.5 dB/cm at 1 GHz), several methods for reducing the attenuation are proposed. A number of devices are discussed, including an electronically variable phase shifter for which attenuation and phase-shift measurements are presented.
Parametric polymorphism for Java (2004)

In spite of years of research toward a solution for the problem of extending Java with parametric polymorphism (genericity) the officially accepted solution already in its beta release allows violation of the Java type system and turns a type safe language into an unsafe one. The run-time type information in this release is incorrect which leads to major problems for the programmers relying on the Java reflective capabilities. We show that there are two basic reasons for these problems. The first one is that the idiom underlying this solution is provably incorrect. The second one is that the problem of extending Java with parametric polymorphism does not have a correct solution unless the Java Virtual Machine is extended to handle it properly. This paper elaborates the subtleties required by a correct implementation technique that includes representation of parametric classes in the standard Java class file format, representation of the instantiated parametric class objects, extensions of the Java Core Reflection to report type information about (instantiated) parametric classes, and the loading techniques required by this solution for extending Java with generics. Previous solutions for this problem are analyzed as well.
Automating multidimensional design from ontologies (2007)

This paper presents a new approach to automate the multidimensional design of Data Warehouses. In our approach we propose a semi-automatable method aimed to find the business multidimensional concepts from a domain ontology representing different and potentially heterogeneous data sources of our business domain.In short, our method identifies business multidimensional concepts from heterogeneous data sources having nothing in common but that they are all described by an ontology.
The Wavelength-Smoothing Method For Approximating Broad-Band Wave Propagation Through Complicated Velocity Structures (1994)

This paper introduces a new, efficient method for approximating broad-band wave propagation in complicated velocity structures. The complete justification and development of this method are not presented, but it is shown that this technique, despite its simplicity, reproduces many expected broad-band, wave-propagation phenomena. This method, named here the wavelength-smoothing (WS) technique, is based on the computation of wave refraction using Huygens’ principle and a frequency-dependent velocity function defined as the wave velocity smoothed over a wavelength across the wavefront. The WS method reduces to geometrical ray theory at high frequency, but also produces broad-band wave phenomena such as dispersion, phase shifting upon reflection and wavelength-dependent scattering. Transmitted refractions, wide-angle reflections and head waves are produced at discontinuities without requiring the matching of boundary conditions. The WS method is subject to some of the limitations of geometrical ray methods including amplitude instability at caustics and incomplete modelling of diffractions near critical regions. Also, wavetype conversions and pre-critical reflections are not produced at internal discontinuities. The WS technique is an application of physical principles but is intuitively based and not formally derived from basic equations. As a consequence, the completeness and accuracy of the method may be less than that of other techniques. Although a number of tests and comparisons of the method have given satisfactory results, additional investigations to provide further justification and verification are now required. The WS algorithm requires much less computer time and memory than numerical techniques and may be applied in practice to complicated, 3-D velocity models. A comparison between the WS method and a boundary integral method applied to a 2-D, rough interface model is presented in this paper.
BodyQoS: Adaptive and Radio-Agnostic QoS for Body Sensor Networks (2008)

As wireless devices and sensors are increasingly deployed on people, researchers have begun to focus on wireless body-area networks. Applications of wireless body sensor networks include healthcare, entertainment, and personal assistance, in which sensors collect physiological and activity data from people and their environments. In these body sensor networks, quality of service is needed to provide reliable data communication over prioritized data streams. This paper proposes BodyQoS, the first running QoS system demonstrated on an emulated body sensor network. BodyQoS adopts an asymmetric architecture, in which most processing is done on a resource rich aggregator, minimizing the load on resource limited sensor nodes. A virtual MAC is developed in BodyQoS to make it radio-agnostic, allowing a BodyQoS to schedule wireless resources without knowing the implementation details of the underlying MAC protocols. Another unique property of BodyQoS is its ability to provide adaptive resource scheduling. When the effective bandwidth of the channel degrades due to RF interference or body fading effect, BodyQoS adaptively schedules remaining bandwidth to meet QoS requirements. We have implemented BodyQoS in NesC on top of TinyOS, and evaluated its performance on MicaZ devices. Our system performance study shows that BodyQoS delivers significantly improved performance over conventional solutions in combating channel impairment.
Reflection properties of splices in graded-index optical fibers (1983)

The reflection properties of splices, such as fusion splices and V-groove splices, in graded-index multimode optical fibers were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Equations have been derived for calculating reflection in fusion splices and V-groove splices. Several reflection characteristics in splices were measured using a time-domain reflectometer. The measured results are discussed using the deived equations
Occurrence of Cyclopiazonic Acid in Peanuts (1983)

Samples of segregation 3 farmer stock peanuts from the 1980 southeastern United States growing season were analyzed for the presence of cyclopiazonic acid and aflatoxins. Cyclopiazonic acid appeared in 21 of 27 loose-shell kernel fractions at a range of 32 to 6,525 mug/kg and in 4 of 21 sound mature kernel fractions at a range of 32 to 130 mug/kg. Aflatoxins were detected in 26 of 27 loose-shell kernel fractions and in 20 of 21 sound mature kernel fractions. Cyclopiazonic acid used at 105 and 210 mug/kg to spike peanut samples was recovered at an average rate of 93.3%, with ranges of 89 to 119 and 166 to 221 mug/kg, respectively. The minimum detection limit on oxalic acid-impregnated silica gel plates was 26 ng.
Cell cycle events in the green alga <i>Chlamydomonas eugametos</i> and their control by environmental factors (1992)

ABSTRACT A procedure for routine synchronization of large amounts of the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas eugametos in liquid culture by alternating light and dark periods is described. The synchronized populations were grown at various light intensities and temperatures. The effect of these variables on the lengths of parts of the cell cycle and the number of daughter cells per cell division was followed. The cell cycle of C. eugametos started with a period in which the cells increased in size only (precommitment period). The length of this period was dependent on both the light intensity and the temperature. At the end of this period, a key point of the cell cycle (called commitment point) was attained. From this point, the cell were committed to divide and cell reproduction was triggered. The following period (postcommitment period), during which daughter cells were formed, could be traversed without supply of external energy, and without further growth of the cells. However, if sufficient energy was supplied during this period, the cells were able to attain more commitment points, leading to a higher number of daughter cells. The postcommitment period was fairly constant within a certain range of light intensity. At light intensities leading to more commitment points, however, this period was prolonged. No evidence was found for circadian rhythms or endogenous factors of “Zeitgeber” type playing a role in the control of growth and reproductive sequences in the cell cycle of C. eugametos.
Big Data meets Quantum Chemistry Approximations: The $\Delta$-Machine Learning Approach (2015)

Chemically accurate and comprehensive studies of the virtual space of all possible molecules are severely limited by the computational cost of quantum chemistry. We introduce a composite strategy that adds machine learning corrections to computationally inexpensive approximate legacy quantum methods. After training, highly accurate predictions of enthalpies, free energies, entropies, and electron correlation energies are possible, for significantly larger molecular sets than used for training. For thermochemical properties of up to 16k constitutional isomers of C$_7$H$_{10}$O$_2$ we present numerical evidence that chemical accuracy can be reached. We also predict electron correlation energy in post Hartree-Fock methods, at the computational cost of Hartree-Fock, and we establish a qualitative relationship between molecular entropy and electron correlation. The transferability of our approach is demonstrated, using semi-empirical quantum chemistry and machine learning models trained on 1 and 10\% of 134k organic molecules, to reproduce enthalpies of all remaining molecules at density functional theory level of accuracy.
Calcium‐mediated cell injury and cell death (1995)

The effect of intracellular ion deregulation, particularly of [Ca2+], on the events following acute cell injury and the progression of change from initiation (reversible) to maintenance (reversible-irreversible) phases and finally to cell death has been the major thrust of experimentation in our laboratory for over 20 years. Cell death, which plays an important role in both normal and pathological phenomena, has been classified into two principal types, accidental and programmed. Recent exploration of programmed cell death (or apoptosis) has revealed extensive data showing it is an important mechanism for the normal maintenance and also differentiation of a variety of cell types and organs. From the results from our laboratory and those of others, we continue to expand and refine our working hypothesis: deregulation of [Ca2+] results in a number of phenomena from activation of signaling mechanisms and alterations in cellular structure to alterations in gene expression, all of which contribute to or play a critical role in cellular toxicity, including carcinogenesis and cell death. Therefore, although much more experimentation is needed to clarify some of these phenomena, the implications of such data for understanding the mechanisms and processes involved in carcinogenesis and the chemotherapeutic killing of cancer cells are extremely exciting. These relationships between [Ca2+], cell injury, and cell death are briefly reviewed here within the framework of our hypothesis.
REACTIONS WITH CYANOTHIOACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES: A NEW ROUTE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 2-THIAZOLIN-4-ONE THIAZOLO[4,5-<i>B</i>]PYRIDINE, THIAZOLINONYLPYRAZOLE AND PYRANO[2,3-<i>d</i>]-1,3-THIAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1992)

Abstract Several new 2-thiazolin-4-one, thiazolo[4,5-b]pyridine, thiazolin-4-on-2-yl pyrazole and pyrano[2,3-d]-1,3-thiazole derivatives were synthesised via the reactions of 2-α-cyanoacetonyl-2-thiazolin-4-one with a variety of α,β-unsaturated nitriles and other reagents. Structural elucidations were based on elementary analyses and spectral data studies.
Chromium. Chemistry of Chromium and Its Compounds. Volume I. (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromium. Chemistry of Chromium and Its Compounds. Volume I.Willard R. LineCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 21, 5836Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01578a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01578a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Controlled Thermoresponsive Hydrogels by Stereocomplexed PLA-PEG-PLA Prepared via Hybrid Micelles of Pre-Mixed Copolymers with Different PEG Lengths (2012)

The stereocomplexed hydrogels derived from the micelle mixture of two enantiomeric triblock copolymers, PLLA-PEG-PLLA and PDLA-PEG-PDLA, reported in 2001 exhibited sol-to-gel transition at approximately body temperature upon heating. However, the showed poor storage modulus (ca. 1000 Pa) determined their insufficiency as injectable implant biomaterials for many applications. In this study, the mechanical property of these hydrogels was significantly improved by the modifications of molecular weights and micelle structure. Co-micelles composed of block copolymers with two sizes of PEG block length were shown to possess unique and dissimilar properties from the micelles composed of single-sized block copolymers. The stereomixture of PLA-PEG-PLA comicelles showed a controllable sol-to-gel transition at a wide temperature range of 4 and 80 °C. The sol-gel phase diagram displays a linear relationship of temperature versus copolymer composition; hence, a transition at body temperature can be readily achieved by adjusting the mixed copolymer ratio. The resulting thermoresponsive hydrogels exhibit a storage modulus notably higher (ca. 6000 Pa) than that of previously reported hydrogels. As a physical network solely governed by self-reorganization of micelles, followed by stereocomplexation, this unique system offers practical, safe, and simple implantable biomaterials.