gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-k SiN film for Cu interconnects integration fabricated by ultra low temperature thermal CVD (1999)

A new low-k SiN film, with a permittivity of 5.4 and high immunity to Cu diffusion and oxidation, has been successfully developed. A stable SiNCl-like film was obtained at temperatures down to 250/spl deg/C by the thermal CVD method, utilizing hexachlorodisilane (HCD), Si/sub 2/Cl/sub 6/ and ammonia. A practical deposition rate of 1.4 nm/min with good step coverage was achieved at 450/spl deg/C. Despite its low permittivity and low density, HCD-SiN has the same RIE etching resistance as conventional LPCVD SiN, and higher barrier ability for Cu diffusion than plasma-SiN. Using HCD-SiN as the etch-stop and the barrier layer should be the solution to realize Cu damascene interconnects for high performance VLSIs.
Effects of Organic Components in Container Media on Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Chrysanthemum and Flax (1983)

Chef, D. G., Hoitink, H. A. J., and Madden, L. V. 1983. Effects of organic components in container media on suppression of Fusarium wilt of chrysanthemum and flax. Phytopathology 73:279-281. Container media amended with mature hardwood bark compost (CHB) were mildly suppressive and those amended with Canadian peat were suppressed chrysanthemum and flax Fusarium wilts, but green CHB was conducive. Heating of mature CHB negated the suppressive effect, but only significantly less suppressive. Media amended with raw and aged pine bark partially reduced the suppressiveness of green CH B.
Nitrile sulphides. Part 7. Synthesis of [1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]isothiazoles and isothiazolo[4,3-c]quinolines (1987)

O-Hydroxybenzonitrile sulphide (1a), generated by thermal decarboxylation of the corresponding 1,3,4-oxathiazol-2-one, reacts with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate to afford methyl 4-oxo-4H-[1]benzopyrano[4,3-c]isothiazole-3-carboxylate (6a), from which the parent ring system (6c) can be prepared by hydrolysis and decarboxylation. The same products are formed from the acetoxy analogue (1b)via hydrolysis of isothiazole (5b). O-Acetamidobenzonitrile sulphide (1c) reacts similarly forming isothiazole (5c) and subsequently isothiazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-4(5H)-one (7c) by hydrolysis, ring closure, and decarboxylation. Cycloadditions to ethyl cyanoformate, ethyl propiolate, and diethyl fumarate have also been examined.
Collagen patch coated with fibrin glue components. Treatment of suture hole bleedings in vascular reconstruction. (2000)

It was shown that collagen patches coated with components of fibrin glue significantly reduce the time to haemostasis as well as blood loss at the operation site in patients undergoing vascular reconstruction with PTFE grafts.
HADDOCK<sub>2P2I</sub>: A Biophysical Model for Predicting the Binding Affinity of Protein–Protein Interaction Inhibitors (2014)

The HADDOCK score, a scoring function for both protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid modeling, has been successful in selecting near-native docking poses in a variety of cases, including those of the CAPRI blind prediction experiment. However, it has yet to be optimized for small molecules, and in particular inhibitors of protein-protein interactions, that constitute an "unmined gold reserve" for drug design ventures. We describe here HADDOCK(2P2I), a biophysical model capable of predicting the binding affinity of protein-protein complex inhibitors close to experimental error (~2-fold larger). The algorithm was trained and 4-fold cross-validated against experimental data for 27 inhibitors targeting 7 protein-protein complexes of various functions and tested on an independent set of 24 different inhibitors for which K(d)/IC50 data are available. In addition, two popular ligand topology generation and parametrization methods (ACPYPE and PRODRG) were assessed. The resulting HADDOCK(2P2I) model, derived from the original HADDOCK score, provides insights into inhibition determinants: while the role of electrostatics and desolvation energies is case-dependent, the interface area plays a more critical role compared to protein-protein interactions.
Reverse micelles in supercritical fluids. 2. Fluorescence and absorption spectral probes of adjustable aggregation in the two-phase region (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReverse micelles in supercritical fluids. 2. Fluorescence and absorption spectral probes of adjustable aggregation in the two-phase regionParvin. Yazdi, Gregory J. McFann, Marye Anne. Fox, and Keith P. JohnstonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 18, 7224–7232Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100381a050https://doi.org/10.1021/j100381a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
RUTHENIUM CATALYZED OXIDATION OF HALOINDOLES TO ISATINS (2001)

(2001). RUTHENIUM CATALYZED OXIDATION OF HALOINDOLES TO ISATINS. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 33, No. 6, pp. 615-619.
Process graph analyzer: a front end tool for VHDL behavioral synthesis (1988)

A front end for an electronic CAD system is described. The system accepts a behavioral description of a digital system design written in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language), and produces the physical hardware, at the register-transfer level, needed for realizing the specified behavior. The synthesis system comprises three major subsystems: process graph analyzer, design representation, and the MIMOLA synthesis system. The process graph analyzer is an optimization and parallelization tool. It is shown how optimizing techniques used for compilers are adapted to perform a similar optimization function for hardware synthesis. Techniques are presented that extend the parallelization of sequential programs concept for doing control-state partitioning. The technique is novel because of the unique synthesis model that MIMOLA uses. It is shown how to integrate these concepts using a suitable intermediate behavioral representation called the process graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reactions of neutral amino acids plus Na<sup>+</sup> with a cationic amino acid transport system (1969)

Peer Reviewed
Type I collagen, a versatile liquid crystal biological template for silica structuration from nano- to microscopic scales (2005)

Type I collagen is a suitable and versatile template for the structuration of silica at different length scales.
Effects of electrical pre-treatment on the hydrolysis of agricultural wastes (2006)

In the current study, we developed a new method for the pre-treatment of agricultural waste on its enzymatic hydrolysis, which does not produce the waste water. The degree of hydrolysis of sugar beet pulp, wheat bran, and defatted bran using culture filtrate from Aspergillus niger IFO 6662 were increased by pre-treatment with 30 V of a direct electric current. The effect of pre-treatment was highest in the case of beet pulp. It was found that this pre-treatment with a direct electric current (1) causes the swelling and atomization of sugar beet pulp; and (2) enhances the elution of hemicellulose from sugar beet pulp, resulting in its efficient hydrolysis (80% rate of potential arabinose extraction).
Beam shaping of edge-emitting diode lasers using a single double-axial hyperboloidal micro-lens (2013)

We report an innovative approach for beam shaping of edge-emitting semiconductor diode lasers using a single double-axial hyperboloidal micro-lens fabricated with femtosecond laser direct writing technology. The two hyperboloids of different axial lengths focus the light from fast and slow axes to an identical focal spot. The divergence angles were shaped from 60° and 9° to 6.9 and 32.3 mrad, respectively, and the single-end fiber coupling efficiency is measured higher than 80%. The device is simple in fabrication, robust in structure, and easy for operation, by which multiple reflections and absorptions at interfaces are reduced, and assembly errors are minimized.
Demonstration of sub-angstrom cyclic nonlinearity using wavefront-division sampling with a common-path laser heterodyne interferometer (2001)

Several NASA’s missions such as the Space Interferometry Mission, call for a displacement measuring interferometer (DMI) with a linear accuracy better than 0.1nm. Traditional implementations of DMI are based on laser heterodyne techniques and polarization to separate and combine the measuring beams. However, traditional interferometers suffer from periodic nonlinear errors on the order of a few nanometers due to optical self-interference. Polarization leakage has been found to be the dominant source for the periodic nonlinear error. With even state-of-the-art polarizing optics, the nonlinear error is still difficult to be reduced to less than 1nm. In addition to having large nonlinear error, traditional DMIs are quite sensitive to temperature changes and are faroff from meeting the stability requirement imposed by these proposed missions. A novel common-path heterodyne interferometer (COPHI) was proposed at JPL as a multi-purpose, high-resolution laser interferometer [1-2]. In this paper, we describe a new approach to address both the cyclic error and thermal stability problems. Figure 1 shows the schematic of COPHI configured as a displacement measuring interferometer. Figures 2 and 3 show the pictures of the prototype COPHI we have developed at JPL.
Cooperative pipelined regeneration in distributed storage systems (2013)

In distributed storage systems, a substantial volume of data are stored in a distributed fashion, across a large number of storage nodes. To maintain data integrity, when existing storage nodes fail, lost data are regenerated at replacement nodes. Regenerating multiple data losses in batches can reduce the consumption of bandwidth. However, existing schemes are only able to achieve lower bandwidth consumption by utilizing a large number of participating nodes. In this paper, we propose a cooperative pipelined regeneration process that regenerates multiple data losses cooperatively with much fewer participating nodes. We show that cooperative pipelined regeneration is not only able to maintain optimal data integrity, but also able to further reduce the consumption of bandwidth as well.
A Review and Modern Approach to LC Ladder Synthesis (2011)

Ultra low power circuits require robust and reliable operation despite the unavoidable use of low currents and the weak inversion transistor operation region. For analogue domain filtering doubly terminated LC ladder based filter topologies are thus highly desirable as they have very low sensitivities to component values: non-exact component values have a minimal effect on the realised transfer function. However, not all transfer functions are suitable for implementation via a LC ladder prototype, and even when the transfer function is suitable the synthesis procedure is not trivial. The modern circuit designer can thus benefit from an updated treatment of this synthesis procedure. This paper presents a methodology for the design of doubly terminated LC ladder structures making use of the symbolic maths engines in programs such as MATLAB and MAPLE. The methodology is explained through the detailed synthesis of an example 7th order bandpass filter transfer function for use in electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis.
Photoluminescence of indium–oxide nanoparticles dispersed within pores of mesoporous silica (1999)

Photoluminescence study was performed on indium–oxide (INO) nanoparticles dispersed within pores of mesoporous silica, annealed at different temperatures (from 500 to 850 °C). It was found that, for the dispersed INO nanoparticles, there exists a broad luminescence band, consisting of three peaks at about 430, 480, and 520 nm, spanning the whole visible region, in contrast to the aggregates of INO nanoparticles which exhibit no luminescence. This band increases with rise of annealing temperature up to 650 °C, at which the band reaches maximum. When annealing temperature is 700 °C, the whole band redshifts and peaks at about 545 nm. Annealing at higher temperatures leads to additional redshift and decrease of the luminescence band. It has been shown that the luminescence in this study is associated with the size and the structure of the INO particles within pores of porous silica. The peaks at 430, 480, and 520 nm originate from amorphous INO particles about 2, 4, and 6 nm in diameter. The 545 nm peak is attributed to crystallized INO particles with larger size.
[Specific detection of deleted mitochondrial DNA by in situ hybridization using an oligonucleotide probe]. (1997)

I demonstrate a new method to detect specifically mutant mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) with the deletion. I designed an oligonucleotide probe that was designated the "ATP8/ND5 Chimera" probe. By Southern blot analysis, this probe specifically detected the deleted mtDNA. The specificity of the probe was further confirmed by in situ hybridization. In tissues where multiple deleted mtDNAs were detected, such as muscle tissues from a patient with myotonic dystrophy and from an aged individual, the in situ hybridization detected a small number of muscle fibers that had the deleted mtDNA. These results indicate that in situ hybridization using this probe is a useful and specific method for detecting a small amount of deleted mtDNA.
Secreted Proteome Profiling in Human RPE Cell Cultures Derived from Donors with Age Related Macular Degeneration and Age Matched Healthy Donors (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is characterized by progressive loss of central vision, which is attributed to abnormal accumulation of macular deposits called "drusen" at the interface between the basal surface of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and Bruch's membrane. In the most severe cases, drusen deposits are accompanied by the growth of new blood vessels that breach the RPE layer and invade photoreceptors. In this study, we hypothesized that RPE secreted proteins are responsible for drusen formation and choroidal neovascularization. We used stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) in combination with LC-MS/MS analysis and ZoomQuant quantification to assess differential protein secretion by RPE cell cultures prepared from human autopsy eyes of AMD donors (diagnosed by histological examinations of the macula and genotyped for the Y402H-complement factor H variant) and age-matched healthy control donors. In general, RPE cells were found to secrete a variety of extracellular matrix proteins, complement factors, and protease inhibitors that have been reported to be major constituents of drusen (hallmark deposits in AMD). Interestingly, RPE cells from AMD donors secreted 2 to 3-fold more galectin 3 binding protein, fibronectin, clusterin, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and pigment epithelium derived factor than RPE cells from age-matched healthy donors. Conversely, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) was found to be down regulated by 2-fold in AMD RPE cells versus healthy RPE cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis grouped these differentially secreted proteins into two groups; those involved in tissue development and angiogenesis and those involved in complement regulation and protein aggregation such as clusterin. Overall, these data strongly suggest that RPE cells are involved in the biogenesis of drusen and the pathology of AMD.
<title>Development of time-resolved spectroscopy system for quantitative noninvasive tissue measurement</title> (1995)

Near IR time resolved spectroscopy has been studied for quantitative determination of absorbance in highly scattering medium such as tissue. When a very narrow optical pulse is incedent into a scattering medium, the detected pulse through the medium broadens and the temporal profile is closely related to the optical property of the scattering medium. The photon migration in highly scattering medium can be described with the diffusion theory. Thus the optical property of the scattering medium can be determined by analyzing the shape of the detected tamporal profile with the diffusion equation. We have developed the time resolved spectroscopy (TRS) system based on a time correlated single photon counting technique for data acquisition and diffusion theory for data analysis. Pulsed laser diodes with two different wavelengths are used as light sources in the system. The system size is compact and it can be moved around a laboratory or hospital easily. We demonstrated its use in vivo experiments. As a result, we were able to accurately determine absorber concentrations in a highly scattering medium and the result of these in vivo experiments indicate possible use of the system for quantitative clinical studies.
Structure-Activity Relationships in Diphtheria Toxin (1971)

Abstract The intact diphtheria toxin molecule, a single polypeptide chain of about 62,000 daltons, has no enzymic activity. However, the transfer in vitro of ADP-ribose from NAD to aminoacyltransferase II can be catalyzed by any of several fragments of toxin. The smallest active fragment (A, 24,000 daltons) is normally connected to the remainder of the molecule (B, 38,000 daltons) by a peptide bond and a disulfide bond. Both of these bonds must be broken to activate Fragment A. Thus, for example, toxin may be activated by mild digestion with trypsin in the presence of a thiol-reducing agent. The subsequent removal of Fragment B has no effect on the enzymic activity of Fragment A in vitro, but both fragments are required for intoxication of whole cells or of animals. Any enzymic activity observed in preparations of diphtheria toxin in the presence of a thiol derives from degradation products formed from the intact oxin after its synthesis by the diphtheria bacilli.
New materials and processes for directed self-assembly (2013)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a promising technology for advanced patterning at future technology nodes, but significant hurdles remain for commercial implementation. The most widely studied material for DSA is poly(styrene-block-methyl methacrylate) (PS-PMMA), but the relatively weak segregation strength of PSPMMA results in some limitations. This paper reports on these limitations for PS-PMMA and highlights a path to success through use of more strongly segregated “high-χ” block copolymers. In general, stronger segregation is predicted to lower defectivity at equilibrium, but unfortunately, kinetics of self assembly also becomes much slower as segregation strength increases. Recognizing diffusion is much faster for cylinder morphologies than lamellar ones, we have investigated new cylinder-forming BCPs that enable defect elimination with thermal annealing processes. In addition, a formulation strategy is presented that further improves the kinetics of the assembly process, enabling tremendous improvements in defectivity over simple BCP systems. Excitingly, successful chemoepitaxy DSA with a high-χ lamellar BCP is also demonstrated using a thermal annealing process and no top coat. These technologies hold promise to enable DSA with thermal annealing processing across pitches from 40 - 16 nm.
Coastal Dynamics '97 (1998)

This proceedings, Coastal Dynamics '97 , consists of papers presented at the third Coastal Dynamics Conference held in Plymouth, U.K., June 1997. The Coastal Dynamics Conferences provide a forum for researchers involved in the study of beach and nearshore dynamics. While the focus of these Conferences is relatively narrow, dealing primarily with natural beach and nearshore environments and only with man-made structures to the extent that they influence the neighboring environment, the range of topics available for study is great. Some of the areas covered in this proceedings are: 1) sand suspension; 2) wave propagation in shallow water; 3) boundary layers and mixing 4) sediment transport predictors; 5) breaking waves; 6) wave-current interaction; 7) beach profiles; 8) rip currents; 9) effects of coastal structures; and 10) wave-induced circulation.
Two-Dimensional Terahertz Correlation Spectra of Electronic Excitations in Semiconductor Quantum Wells (2010)

We discuss a novel approach for nonlinear two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy in the terahertz (THz) frequency range which is based on a collinear interaction geometry of a sequence of THz pulses with the sample. The nonlinear polarization is determined by a phase-resolved measurement of the electric field transmitted through the sample as a function of the delay τ between two phase-locked pulses and the "real" time t. The information provided by a single 2D scan along the τ and t axes is equivalent to that from a noncollinear photon-echo setup equipped with four local oscillators, each interacting with a different diffracted order. We address basic concepts of collinear 2D THz spectroscopy, in particular data analysis and phasing issues. Different rephasing and nonrephasing contributions to the third-order response are separated and 2D correlation spectra derived. As a prototype application, 2D correlation spectra of intersubband excitations of electrons in semiconductor quantum wells are presented.
Marrow Ablative and Immunosuppressive Effects of131I-Anti-CD45 Antibody in Congenic and H2-Mismatched Murine Transplant Models (1999)

Targeted hematopoietic irradiation delivered by131I-anti-CD45 antibody has been combined with conventional marrow transplant preparative regimens in an effort to decrease relapse. Before increasing the proportion of therapy delivered by radiolabeled antibody, the myeloablative and immunosuppressive effects of such low dose rate irradiation must be quantitated. We have examined the ability of 131I-anti-CD45 antibody to facilitate engraftment in Ly5-congenic and H2-mismatched murine marrow transplant models. Recipient B6-Ly5a mice were treated with 30F11 antibody labeled with 0.1 to 1.5 mCi 131I and/or total body irradiation (TBI), followed by T-cell–depleted marrow from Ly5b-congenic (C57BL/6) or H2-mismatched (BALB/c) donors. Engraftment was achieved readily in the Ly5-congenic setting, with greater than 80% donor granulocytes and T cells after 0.5 mCi 131I (estimated 17 Gy to marrow) or 8 Gy TBI. A higher TBI dose (14 Gy) was required to achieve engraftment of H2-mismatched marrow, and engraftment occurred in only 3 of 11 mice receiving 1.5 mCi131I delivered by anti-CD45 antibody. Engraftment of H2-mismatched marrow was achieved in 22 of 23 animals receiving 0.75 mCi 131I delivered by anti-CD45 antibody combined with 8 Gy TBI. Thus, targeted radiation delivered via131I-anti-CD45 antibody can enable engraftment of congenic marrow and can partially replace TBI when transplanting T-cell–depleted H2-mismatched marrow.