gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nineteenth-Century Developments in Coiled Instruments and Experiences with Electromagnetic Induction (2006)

Summary Faraday demonstrated electromagnetic induction in 1831 using an iron ring wound with two wire coils; on interrupting battery current in one coil, momentary currents arose in the other. Between Faraday's ring and the induction coil, coiled instruments developed via meandering paths. This paper explores the opening phase of that work in the late 1830s, as the iron core, primary wire coil, and secondary wire coil were researched and differentiated. ‘Working knowledge’ (defined by Baird) gained with materials and phenomena was crucial to innovations. To understand these material-based interactions, I experimented with hand-wound coils, along with examining historical texts, drawings, and artefacts. My experience recovered the historical dead-end of two-wire coils and ensuing work with long-coiled single conductors initiated by Faraday and Henry. The shock and spark heightened in these coils provided feedback to the many instrumental configurations tested by Page, Callan, Sturgeon, Bachhoffner, and others. The continuous conductor differentiated into two segments soldered together: a thick short wire carrying battery current and a long thin wire for elevating shocks (voltage). The joined wires eventually separated, yet their transitional connection documents belief that the induced effects depend on continuity. These coiled instruments, with their intertwined histories, show experimental work and understandings in the process of developing. Seeing the nonlinear paths by which these instruments developed deepens our understanding of historical experiences, and of how people learn.
A Protons Exchanged Montmorillonite Clay as an Efficient Catalyst for the Reaction of Isobutylene Polymerization (2002)

“Maghnite” a montmorillonite sheet silicate clay, exchanged with protons to produce “H-Maghnite” is an efficient catalyst for cationic polymerization of many vinylic and heterocyclic monomers (Belbachir, M. U.S. Patent. 066969.0101 –2001). The structure compositions of both “Maghnite” and “H-Maghnite” have been developed. Isobutylene monomer, wich is polymerizable only by cationic process (Odian,G. La Polymerisation :principes et Applications; Ed.Technica: New York, 1994; pp 222-226), was used to elucidate the cationic character of polymerization. The polymerization was performed under suitable conditions at isobutylene vaporization temperature (–7°C). Experiments revealed that polymerization induced by “H-Maghnite” proceed in bulk and in solution. In contrast to findings with methylene chloride CH2Cl2 as a polar solvent, polymerization yields with hexane C6H14 non-polar solvent is very significant. In bulk polymerization, Isobutylene conversion increases with increasing “H-Maghnite” proportion.
A novel three‐dimensional image reconstruction method for near‐field coded aperture single photon emission computerized tomography (2009)

Coded aperture imaging for two-dimensional (2D) planar objects has been investigated extensively in the past, whereas little success has been achieved in imaging 3D objects using this technique. In this article, the authors present a novel method of 3D single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) reconstruction for near-field coded aperture imaging. Multiangular coded aperture projections are acquired and a stack of 2D images is reconstructed separately from each of the projections. Secondary projections are subsequently generated from the reconstructed image stacks based on the geometry of parallel-hole collimation and the variable magnification of near-field coded aperture imaging. Sinograms of cross-sectional slices of 3D objects are assembled from the secondary projections, and the ordered subset expectation and maximization algorithm is employed to reconstruct the cross-sectional image slices from the sinograms. Experiments were conducted using a customized capillary tube phantom and a micro hot rod phantom. Imaged at approximately 50 cm from the detector, hot rods in the phantom with diameters as small as 2.4 mm could be discerned in the reconstructed SPECT images. These results have demonstrated the feasibility of the authors' 3D coded aperture image reconstruction algorithm for SPECT, representing an important step in their effort to develop a high sensitivity and high resolution SPECT imaging system.
Single fiber surface enhanced Raman scattering probe (2017)

Raman spectroscopy is a time honored technique for identifying molecular structures. In surface enhanced Raman scattering close proximity of the sample to so-called “hot spots” in a rough metallic surface enhances the Raman signal strength enormously. For in vivo applications an optical fiber in a narrow probe is desirable to minimize invasiveness. Unfortunately, in a long fiber to the spectrometer Raman scattering within the fiber masks the signal from the specimen. Systems are available which avoid this problem by using one fiber to transmit the exciting light, additional fibers to collect the scattered Raman light, and metallic nanoparticles disbursed within the specimen. Unfortunately, the Raman signal is up to thousands of times smaller than for a single fiber. In addition, variation in the dispersion of the nanoparticles makes comparisons between sites problematical. The authors have retained the advantages of a single fiber by coupling a short length to the spectrometer via a 1 m long air path in an articulated mirrored arm. The fiber is inside a 0.5 mm ID stainless steel needle and has gold nanoparticles glued to its end. Representative spectra were obtained from various biological tissues, and distinct differences between cancerous and benign mouse colon cells were observed.
Osteogenic potential of rabbit marrow stromal stem cells cultured in vitro: a histochemical and scanning electron microscopic study. (2002)

Sequence of events of bone formation by rabbit marrow stromal stem cells cultured in vitro is fully depicted and confirmed, which provides the foundation for further investigating the mechanisms of osteoblast differentiation from marrow stromal stem cells and the possible application in orthopaedics.
Structure and Biological Behaviors of Some Metallo Cationic Surfactants (2013)

Abstract In this study, different cationic surfactants were prepared by esterification with bromoacetic acid of different fatty alcohols, i.e., dodecyl, tetradecyl and hexadecyl species. The products were then reacted with diphenyl amine, and the resulting tertiary amines were quaternized with benzyl chloride to produce a series of quaternary ammonium salts. The metallocationic surfactants were prepared by complexing the cationic surfactants with nickel and copper chlorides. Surface tension of these surfactants were investigated at different temperatures. The surface parameters including critical micelle concentration (CMC), maximum surface excess ( Γ max ), minimum surface area ( A min ), efficiency (PC 20 ) and effectiveness ( π CMC ) were studied. The thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy of micellization ( ) and adsorption ( ), enthalpy ( ), ( ) and entropy ( ), ( ) were calculated. FTIR spectra and 1 H‐NMR spectra were obtained to confirm the compound structures and purity. In addition, the antimicrobial activities were determined via the inhibition zone diameter of the prepared compounds, which were measured against six strains of a representative group of microorganisms. The results indicate that these metallocationic surfactants exhibit good surface properties and good biological activity on a broad spectrum of microorganisms.
Cinchona Alkaloids as Stereoselective Organocatalysts for the Partial Kinetic Resolution Polymerization of <i>rac</i>-Lactide (2011)

This work investigates, for the first time, cinchona alkaloids such as cinchonidine (CD) and β-isocupreidine (ICD) consisting of both a chiral nucleophilic amine catalyst site and an electrophilic hydroxy moiety, as bifunctional, stereoselective organocatalysts for the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of l-lactide (l-LA) and rac-lactide (rac-LA). While the ROP of l-LA by CD is ineffective, the ROP of l-LA by ICD proceeds without noticeable epimerization, thus affording polylactide (PLA) with a quantitative isotacticity. The measured number-average molecular weight (Mn) is much higher than the expected Mn due to sluggish initiation by ICD, but when benzyl alcohol is added as an external protic initiator, the ROP is highly efficient and proceeds to high conversions without undesired transesterification reactions, thus producing PLA with a controlled Mn and a narrow molecular weight distribution of 1.12. More significantly, the ROP of rac-LA by ICD/alcohol affords crystalline isotactic-rich, stereogradient PLA that exhibits multiple melting-transition temperatures as a result of a partial kinetic resolution polymerization that preferentially polymerizes l-LA and kinetically resolves d-LA. Overall, this study uncovers the first kinetic resolution polymerization of rac-LA by an organocatalyst.
A Microprocessor Log PCM/ADPCM Code Converter (1978)

A microprocessor has been used to translate between Log PCM and ADPCM (Adaptive Differential PCM) code forms. This system, in bridging the gap between simulation and prototyping, provides realtime speech processing with user interaction. Continuously coded speech can he subjectively evaluated while switching the values of code word length, step size, or predictor coefficients. Translations of additional code forms such as Δ-Mod, NIC, or Tree Codes could easily be implemented with the micro-codable system. The processor is configured as a stand-alone device competitive with special purpose hardware in size, speed, and cost.
Development of novel machine learning model for right ventricular quantification on echocardiography—A multimodality validation study (2020)

This study provides an initial validation of a deep learning system for RV assessment using automated tracking of the tricuspid annulus.
Highly sensitive, selective, and rapid fluorescence Hg2+ sensor based on DNA duplexes of poly(dT) and graphene oxide (2012)

Coupling T base with Hg(2+) to form stable T-Hg(2+)-T complexes represents a new direction in detection of Hg(2+). Here a graphene oxide (GO)-based fluorescence Hg(2+) analysis using DNA duplexes of poly(dT) that allows rapid, sensitive, and selective detection is first reported. The Hg(2+)-induced T(15)-(Hg(2+))(n)-T(15) duplexes make T(15) unable to hybridize with its complementary A(15) labelled with 6'-carboxyfluorescein (FAM-A(15)), which has low fluorescence in the presence of GO. On the contrary, when T(15) hybridizes with FAM-A(15) to form double-stranded DNA because of the absence of Hg(2+), the fluorescence largely remains in the presence of GO. A linear range from 10 nM to 2.0 μM (R(2) = 0.9963) and a detection limit of 0.5 nM for Hg(2+) were obtained under optimal experimental conditions. Other metal ions, such as Al(3+), Ag(+), Ca(2+), Ba(2+), Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Mn(2+), Co(2+), Pb(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), Cd(2+), Cr(3+), Fe(2+), and Fe(3+), had no significant effect on Hg(2+) detection. Moreover, the sensing system was used for the determination of Hg(2+) in river water samples with satisfactory results.
Thermo-adaptive functionality of graphene/polydimethylsiloxane nanocomposites (2012)

Thermo-adaptive materials exhibit transformative structures/properties in response to an external thermal stimulus and thus are very promising for many industrial applications. In this paper, we present a new strategy to develop a thermo-adaptive material using polymer-coated graphene sheets. Nanocomposite platelets were fabricated through multilayer deposition, laser patterning, and lift-off. The resultant micro-platelets rolled up to a microtube structure after they were released from the substrate. They can evolve from a tube to a flat plain sheet structure under heating, and can also roll up to a tube again under cooling. Both experimental and modeling results indicated that the geometrical evolution under a thermal stimulus was significantly dependent on the structure and morphology of the graphene/polymer nanocomposites. The reversible geometric evolution demonstrates a great potential for drug delivery, sensors, and other functional devices.
H2BH3 as an intermediate in tetrahydridoborate hydrolysis (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTH2BH3 as an intermediate in tetrahydridoborate hydrolysisM. M. Kreevoy and J. E. C. HutchinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 18, 6371–6376Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00773a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00773a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting the checkpoint kinase WEE1: Selective sensitization of cancer cells to DNA-damaging drugs (2010)

Commentary to:MK-1775, a small molecule Wee1 inhibitor, enhances anti-tumor efficacy of various DNA-damaging agents, including 5-fluorouracilHiroshi Hirai, Tsuyoshi Arai, Megumu Okada, Toshihide Nishibata, Makiko Kobayashi, Naoko Sakai, Kazuhide Imagaki, Junko Ohtani, Takumi Sakai, Takashi Yoshizumi, Shinji Mizuarai, Yoshikazu Iwasawa and Hidehito Kotani
Some Recent Designs and Developments of Screen‐Printed Carbon Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for Biomedical, Environmental, and Industrial Analyses (2004)

This review describes the design and fabrication of electrochemical sensors/biosensors based on screen-printing technology and their applications in pharmaceutical, biomedical, environmental, and industrial analyses. Specific emphasis is placed on naturally-occurring biomolecules, drugs, and potential environmental and industrial pollutants or toxins.
Cloning, expression, and properties of the microtubule-stabilizing protein STOP. (1996)

Nerve cells contain abundant subpopulations of cold-stable microtubules. We have previously isolated a calmodulin-regulated brain protein, STOP (stable tubule-only polypeptide), which reconstitutes microtubule cold stability when added to cold-labile microtubules in vitro. We have now cloned cDNA encoding STOP. We find that STOP is a 100.5-kDa protein with no homology to known proteins. The primary structure of STOP includes two distinct domains of repeated motifs. The central region of STOP contains 5 tandem repeats of 46 amino acids, 4 with 98% homology to the consensus sequence. The STOP C terminus contains 28 imperfect repeats of an 11-amino acid motif. STOP also contains a putative SH3-binding motif close to its N terminus. In vitro translated STOP binds to both microtubules and Ca2+-calmodulin. When STOP cDNA is expressed in cells that lack cold-stable microtubules, STOP associates with microtubules at 37 degrees C, and stabilizes microtubule networks, inducing cold stability, nocodazole resistance, and tubulin detyrosination on microtubules in transfected cells. We conclude that STOP must play an important role in the generation of microtubule cold stability and in the control of microtubule dynamics in brain.
Experimental Investigation of Radiation Properties of Waveguides Filled with Uniaxial Single Negative Metamaterials (2005)

Basic radiation properties of a rectangular waveguide filled with anisotropic, either mu-negative (MNG) filling or epsilon-negative (ENG) filling are investigated experimentally. Two antennas based on waveguides filled with double-ring resonators (an MNG filling) and thin wires (an ENG filling) were designed, manufactured and measured in 8 GHz band. It was found that although these waveguides may in principle operate at frequencies arbitrarily lower than cut-off frequency they do radiate into free space. However, the radiation pattern and directivity are similar to those of equivalent apertures with uniform current distribution. Thus, the anisotropic single– negative (SNG) metamaterial filling cannot beat out the fundamental relations between antenna size and directivity. The resonant MNG filling offers narrowband operation and high degree of miniaturization, but (at the present state of the art) inherent losses cause poor gain (lower than 0 dB). On contrary, the non-resonant wire-based ENG filling offers low loss and broad bandwidth, but technological constraints limit lowest operating frequency (i. e. a degree of miniaturization).
Ubiquity to Eternity (1993)

Abstract Continuing with the theme of what can be known of God apart from Revelation, this chapter turns to three beliefs that are absolutely fundamental to the thinking of Thomas Aquinas. These are: (1) that God is everywhere; (2) that God is unchangeable; and (3) that God is eternal. The third topic is addressed in some detail, and includes discussion of Aquinas on time, and on why God is eternal (because he has no duration or temporal location). The last part of the chapter discusses Aquinas’ views on eternity in the light of contemporary criticism, indicating the objections most frequently raised, and what Aquinas might have said against these.
Tapered photonic crystal fibers (2004)

We demonstrate the tapering of a photonic crystal fiber to achieve a microstructure pitch of less than 300 nm. We probe the tapered fiber in the transverse geometry to demonstrate the scaling of the photonic bandgaps associated with the microstructure. We show that the fundamental gap can be shifted down to the communications wavelengths, or even further to the visible spectrum. Our optical measurements are correlated with band structure calculations.
Theory of Roundoff Noise in Cascade Realizations of Finite Impulse Response Digital Filters (1973)

This paper presents a theoretical treatment of the roundoff noise problem for the special case of cascade realizations of Finite Impulse Response (FIR) digital filters. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">†</sup> Explicit relations for evaluating roundoff noise with the usual assumption of uncorrelated samples are presented. Useful scaling methods are stated and classified as to conditions when these methods are optimum. Important differences between use of these scaling procedures for Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters and FIR filters are pointed out. Finally, useful properties of linear phase FIR filters are discussed.
On Frame Synchronization of PCM Systems (1980)

A new strategy for frame synchronization of PCM muitlplex systems which use pulse stuffing (justification) is proposed. In devising this technique, the compatibility with existing CCITT systems was taken into consideration. Comparisons between the proposed strategy and the CCITT recommended system are made in terms of average holding time, average time for detection of synchronization loss, and average synchronization recovery time. The proposed strategy proved to be significantly better in total synchronization time without sacrificing its holding time capacity.
Hubungan Hasil Belajar Kewirausahaan dengan Self Efficacy Siswa Kelas XII Iis Sman 9 Pontianak (2015)

Abstrak : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : hasil belajar kewirausahaan siswa kelas XII IIS SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015, self efficacy siswa Kelas XII IIS SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015, dan untuk mengetahui hubungan hasil belajar kewirausahaan dengan self efficacy siswa kelas XII IIS SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak Tahun Ajaran 2014/2015. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Expost Fakto dengan bentuk penelitian korelasional. Subjek penelitian adalah 30 siswa kelas XII IIS SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 23,33% siswa mempunyai hasil belajar yang sangat baik, 26,66% siswa mempunyai hasil belajar baik, 36,66% siswa mempunyai hasil belajar cukup, 3,33% siswa mempunyai hasil belajar kurang, 10% siswa mempunyai hasil belajar yang tidak baik  dan  sebanyak 56,67% siswa mempunyai self efficacy yang baik, 23,33%  menunjukkan siswa mempunyai self efficacy cukup baik dan 20% menyatakan sangat baik dalam pembelajaran kewirausahaan. Dari hasil korelasi pearson product moment terdapat hubungan yang rendah dan negatif antara hasil belajar kewirausahaan dengan self efficacy siswa kelas XII IIS SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak dengan koefisien korelasi 0,340. Kata kunci : Hasil belajar, self efficacy Abstract: The aims of this research are to know: learning outcomes entrepreneurial class XII student of SMAN 9 Pontianak IIS Academic Year 2014/2015, self efficacy IIS Class XII student of SMAN 9 Pontianak School Year 2014/2015, and to determine the relationship with the learning outcomes of entrepreneurial self-efficacy students IIS XII class SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak in Academic Year 2014/2015. The method used is expost facto to form a correlational study. The subjects were 30 students of class XII IIS SMAN 9 Pontianak. The results showed that as many as 23.33% of students have excellent study results, 26.66% of students have a better learning results, 36.66% of students have learned enough result, 3.33% of students have learning outcomes less, 10% of students has learning outcomes that are not good and as much as 56.67% of students have a good self efficacy, 23.33% showed the students have fairly good self-efficacy, and 20% said very well in entrepreneurial learning. From the results of Pearson product moment correlation is low and there is a negative relationship between entrepreneurial learning outcomes with self efficacy IIS class XII student of SMAN 9 Pontianak with a correlation coefficient of 0.340. Keywords : Learning Outcomes, Self Efficacy
"Split ADC" architecture for deterministic digital background calibration of a 16-bit 1-MS/s ADC (2005)

Self-calibration in approximately 10 000 conversions is demonstrated in a 16-bit, 1-MS/s algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC). Continuous digital background calibration is enabled by introduction of a "split ADC" architecture, in which the die area of a single ADC design is split into two independent converters, each converting the same input signal. The two independent outputs are averaged to produce the ADC output code. The difference of the two outputs provides information for the background calibration process. Since both ADCs convert the same input, when correctly calibrated their outputs should be equal and the difference should be zero. Any nonzero difference provides information to an error estimation process which adjust calibration parameters in each ADC. For the specific realization of an algorithmic ADC described in this paper, a multiple residue mode amplifier is used to ensure different decision trajectories and provide valid calibration information. The analog sub-system of the ADC is implemented in 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS, consumes 105 mW, and has a die size of 1.2 mm /spl times/ 1.4 mm.
WEB SERVICES STRATEGY (2003)

Thesis (S.M.M.O.T.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, Management of Technology Program, 2003.