gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical localization of laminin-1 in the acellular nerve grafts is associated with migrating Schwann cells which display corresponding integrin receptors. (1999)

The presence of laminin-1, collagen-IV, alpha6 and beta1 integrin chains was detected by indirect immunohistochemistry using biotin/streptavidin/HRP or gold-conjugated secondary antibody at the light and electron microscope level, respectively. Cryo-treated segment of the peripheral stump without living Schwann cells (S-100-) did not display immunoreactivity for laminin-1 and integrin's chains, while the migrating Schwann cells in the marginal regions were immunostained for the antigens. Isolated acellular nerve segments protected from migration of Schwann cells (S-100-) exhibited laminin-1-, beta1-, and alpha6- integrin chains immunoreactivities. Position of the basal lamina was verified by collagen-IV+ immunoreactivity. Results indicate that presence of the laminin in the peripheral nerve is related with living Schwann cells.
&#947;-Secretase Inhibition and Modulation for Alzheimers Disease (2008)

Gamma-secretase is a multi-protein complex that proteolyzes the transmembrane region of the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) precursor (APP), producing the Abeta peptide implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This protease has been a top target for AD, and various inhibitors have been identified, including transition-state analogue inhibitors that interact with the active site, helical peptides that interact with the initial substrate docking site, and other less peptide-like, more drug-like compounds. Although one gamma-secretase inhibitor has advanced into late-phase clinical trials, concerns about inhibiting this protease remain. The protease complex cleaves a number of other substrates, and in vivo toxicities observed with gamma-secretase inhibitors are apparently due to blocking one particularly important substrate, the Notch receptor. Thus, the potential of gamma-secretase as therapeutic target likely depends on the ability to selectively inhibit Abeta production without hindering Notch proteolysis (i.e., modulation rather than inhibition). The discovery of gamma-secretase modulators has revived gamma-secretase as an attractive target and has so far resulted in one compound in late-phase clinical trials. The identification of other modulators in a variety of structural classes raise the hope that more promising agents will soon be in the pipeline.
A System-of-System Design of a Guided Projectile Mortar Defense System (2006)

Presented at the 24th Applied Aerodynamics Conference 5-8 June 2006, San Francisco, California.
Molecular Clip and Tweezer Introduce New Mechanisms of Enzyme Inhibition (2008)

Artificial molecular clips and tweezers, designed for cofactor and amino acid recognition, are able to inhibit the enzymatic activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). IC50 values and kinetic investigations point to two different new mechanisms of interference with the NAD(+)-dependent oxidoreductase: While the clip seems to pull the cofactor out of its cleft, the tweezer docks onto lysine residues around the active site. Both modes of action can be reverted to some extent, by appropriate additives. However, while cofactor depletion by clip 1 was in part restored by subsequent NAD(+) addition, the tweezer (2) inhibition requires the competitive action of lysine derivatives. Lineweaver-Burk plots indicate a competitive mechanism for the clip, with respect to both substrate and cofactor, while the tweezer clearly follows a noncompetitive mechanism. Conformational analysis by CD spectroscopy demonstrates significant ADH denaturation in both cases. However, only the latter case (tweezer-lysine) is reversible, in full agreement with the above-detailed enzyme switch experiments. The complexes of ADH with clips or tweezer can be visualized in a nondenaturing gel electrophoresis, where the complexes migrate toward the anode, in contrast to the pure enzyme which approaches the cathode. Supramolecular chemistry has thus been employed as a means to control protein function with the specificity of artificial hosts opening new avenues for this endeavor.
Hereditary Factors in Gynecologic Cancer (1998)

Cancer predisposition in some families is known to be the result of germ-line mutations. The most noteworthy hereditary gynecologic cancer syndromes include hereditary breast-ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome, wherein BRCA1 and BRCA2 germ-line mutations have been identified, and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) of the Lynch syndrome II variant, wherein hMSH2, hMLH1, hPMS2, hMSH3, and hMSH6 germ-line mutations have been identified. DNA testing for specific cancer-associated germ-line mutations is now available for HBOC and HNPCC syndrome family members who are in the direct line of inheritance. Genetic counseling is mandatory prior to DNA testing and at the time of disclosure of findings. A patient found to be negative for the family's particular cancer-associated germ-line mutation can revert to general population screening recommendations. When a deleterious mutation is identified, the physician is able to predict a patient's lifetime susceptibility to breast and ovarian carcinomas in the HBOC syndrome or the cancers which characterize the Lynch syndrome II variant of HNPCC, particularly carcinomas of the colon, endometrium, and ovary. Management strategies can be offered which are designed to take advantage of the natural history of that distinct hereditary cancer syndrome. We discuss the unfolding developments concerning familial and heritable susceptibilities, molecular genetics, and possible carcinogenic co-factors of the three most common gynecologic cancers: carcinomas of the uterine cervix, endometrium, and ovary. We offer rationales for management based on current epidemiologic and clinical data and emerging technologies.
MEMS fabrication process management environment (2005)

New microfabrication technologies in the MEMS domain require novel approaches in computer aided design. Process issues in these technologies affecting the design are becoming increasingly important and Process information held in static design rule sets will be no longer sufficient. This paper describes the methodology and the implementation of a process management system that supports the designer in configuring application specific process flows with predictable properties.
Analytical model of susceptibility-induced MR signal dephasing: Effect of diffusion in a microvascular network (1999)

A deterministic analytical model that describes the time course of magnetic resonance signal relaxation due to magnetic field inhomogeneity induced by a vascular network is developed. Both static and diffusion dephasing are taken into account. The contribution of the diffusion dephasing is calculated for relatively large vessels (R>10 microm) or short measurement times when the diffusion length is smaller than the vessel radius. The signal is found to possess the following features: a) an initial deviation from the monoexponential relaxation which is more pronounced for the imaginary part of the signal; b) a deviation from monoexponential relaxation at short echo times for the spin-echo (SE) signal measured as a function of the echo time; c) the echo maximum of the SE signal shifted from the nominal echo time to a shorter time; and d) a diffusion effect much stronger for the SE than for the free induction decay experiment. The model presented agrees within its validity domain with a known Monte Carlo simulation.
Accuracy of cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin test in predicting the risk of spontaneous preterm birth—a systematic review (2003)

We studied the accuracy with which the cervico-vaginal fetal fibronectin test predicts spontaneous preterm birth in asymptomatic and symptomatic pregnant women. This was a systematic quantitative review of test accuracy studies. Two reviewers selected and extracted data on study characteristics, quality and accuracy independently. Accuracy data were used to form 2 × 2 contingency tables with spontaneous preterm birth before 34 and 37 weeks’ gestation and birth within 7–10 days of testing (only for symptomatic pregnant women) as reference standards. Data were pooled to produce summary receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and summary likelihood ratios for positive (LR+) and negative (LR−) test results. There were 64 primary articles consisting of 28 accuracy studies in asymptomatic women and 40 accuracy studies in symptomatic women, including a total of 22 390 women. Among asymptomatic women, the best summary LR+ was 4.01 (95% confidence interval 2.93–5.49) for predicting birth before 34 weeks’ gestation, with corresponding summary LR− of 0.78 (0.72–0.84). Among symptomatic women, the best summary LR+ was 5.42 (4.36–6.74) for predicting birth within 7–10 days of testing, with corresponding summary LR− of 0.25 (0.20–0.31).
Creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle (1968)

Creatine and creatinine quantified using nuclear magnetic resonance: A method validation study and clinical associations between circulating creatine and fatigue in kidney transplant recipients,
Starch. II. Molecular Weights of Amyloses and Amylopectins from Starches of Various Plant Origins (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStarch. II. Molecular Weights of Amyloses and Amylopectins from Starches of Various Plant OriginsA. L. Potter and W. Z. HassidCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3774–3777Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views549Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Target slip tracking using gain-scheduling for antilock braking systems (2005)

In this paper, a gain-scheduling scheme is proposed for optimal target slip tracking of an antilock braking system. The study is based on the fact that for certain road surface condition, the tire force characterization, i.e. the force-slip curve, is indeed varying with respect to different vehicle forward speed. The optimal slip at which the braking force achieves its maximum is not, in contrast to what most slip-regulator design is based upon, a constant. This paper proposes a new ABS controller which regulates the slip to different levels depending on the instant vehicle forward speed along the braking process using gain-scheduling. The control algorithm, coupled with a feedback linearization compensation outer loop, is applied to a quarter-car ABS model. Simulations are performed using MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is shown that the gain-scheduling slip-regulator improves the vehicle braking performance as compared to constant slip-regulators.
Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM): an Overview of Materials, Switching Mechanism, Performance, Multilevel Cell (mlc) Storage, Modeling, and Applications (2020)

In this manuscript, recent progress in the area of resistive random access memory (RRAM) technology which is considered one of the most standout emerging memory technologies owing to its high speed, low cost, enhanced storage density, potential applications in various fields, and excellent scalability is comprehensively reviewed. First, a brief overview of the field of emerging memory technologies is provided. The material properties, resistance switching mechanism, and electrical characteristics of RRAM are discussed. Also, various issues such as endurance, retention, uniformity, and the effect of operating temperature and random telegraph noise (RTN) are elaborated. A discussion on multilevel cell (MLC) storage capability of RRAM, which is attractive for achieving increased storage density and low cost is presented. Different operation schemes to achieve reliable MLC operation along with their physical mechanisms have been provided. In addition, an elaborate description of switching methodologies and current voltage relationships for various popular RRAM models is covered in this work. The prospective applications of RRAM to various fields such as security, neuromorphic computing, and non-volatile logic systems are addressed briefly. The present review article concludes with the discussion on the challenges and future prospects of the RRAM.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Angiopoietins in Neurovascular Regeneration and Protection Following Stroke (2008)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) were originally identified as endothelial-specific ligands regulating key functions of the vasculature important in stroke. There is increasing evidence that these ligands also exert effects on neurons. Here we review the neuronal effects of VEGF and Ang1 and highlight their potential for therapeutic manipulation in stroke. VEGF stimulates angiogenesis whereas Ang1 suppresses leakage, inflammation and regression of microvessels. Expression of both ligands change dramatically in the brain in experimental stroke, correlating with increased vascular leakage and inflammation. In addition to vascular effects, VEGF can stimulate survival, migration and proliferation of neurons suggesting roles in neural protection and possible therapeutic applications, an idea supported by preclinical studies. Recent reports now demonstrate that Ang1 can also act directly on neurons and enhance neural repair. The realization that VEGF and Ang1 have effects on both neural and vascular compartments impacted by stroke provides new opportunities for therapeutic manipulation to promote neuroprotection and extend the thrombolytic window, as well as stimulating neurogenesis and revascularization.
Protein truncation test: Analysis of two novel point mutations at the carboxy-terminus of the human dystrophin gene associated with mental retardation (1995)

Approximately one-third of the mutations responsible for Duchenne muscular dytrophy (DMD) do not involve gross rearrangements of the dystrophin gene. Methods for intensive mutation screening have recently been applied to this immense gene, which resulted in the identification of a number of point mutations in DMD patients, mostly translation-terminating mutations. A number of data raised the possibility that the C-terminal region of dystrophin might be involved in some cases of mental retardation associated with DMD. Using single-strand conformation analysis of products amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR-SSCA) to screen the terminal domains of the dystrophin gene (exons 60-79) of 20 unrelated patients with DMD or BMD, we detected two novel point mutations in two mentally retarded DMD patients: a 1-bp deletion in exon 70 (10334delC) and a 5' splice donor site alteration in intron 69 (10294 + 1G-->T). Both mutations should result in a premature translation termination of dystrophin. The possible effects on the reading frame were analyzed by the study of reverse transcripts amplified from peripheral blood lymphocytes mRNA and by the protein truncation test.
Mitochondrial Effects of Lipid-Derived Neurotoxins (2007)

Mitochondria play a pivotal role in the life and death of cells and likely contribute importantly to the initiation or progression of many neurodegenerative disorders. Brain is especially vulnerable to lipid peroxidation because of its enrichment in polyunsaturated fatty acids relative to other organs. Multiple studies demonstrate the elevation of numerous lipid peroxidation products and ensuing lipid-derived carbonyls in Alzheimer's disease. In this review, we examine the data describing the effects of lipid-derived carbonyls such as 4-hydroxy-trans-2-nonenal (HNE) and acrolein upon the function of brain mitochondria as well as review the detoxification routes of these carbonyls. From these data, we show that the physical-chemical properties of these carbonyls influence their effects on mitochondria and that multiple essential mitochondrial functions are altered by these endogenous reactive carbonyls. Lastly, we examine the role of mitochondrial aldehyde detoxification pathways and their potential role in the development of AD.
Polarization and Dielectric Study of Methylammonium Lead Iodide Thin Film to Reveal its Nonferroelectric Nature under Solar Cell Operating Conditions (2016)

Embargoed until May 2017
Signal strength readout and miniaturised antenna for metal‐mountable UHF RFID threshold temperature sensor tag (2015)

A new method for the wireless monitoring of a battery‐free threshold temperature sensor based on a passive ultra‐high‐frequency radio‐frequency identification (RFID) tag integrated with a bimetal thermostat switch is presented. The strategic placement of the switch brings about a strong modification in the tag antenna impedance as the temperature crosses over a threshold value. Optimisation of the narrow‐band tag antenna to operate at the edges of the 902–928 MHz frequency‐hopping spread spectrum RFID in the different switch states provides separate sub‐bands for the readout above and below a threshold temperature. The results show that this enables an unambiguous sensor readout by monitoring the backscattered signal strength.
Methylosin A und B, Pigmente aus <i>Methylosinus trichosporium</i> (1983)

Screening for methanotrophic bacteria led to the isolation of a Methylosinus trichosporium strain which was characterized by the ability to produce a bright red‐violet pigment, which was found to be nearly insoluble in water. This communication reports on the formation, isolation, and purification of the pigment and its separation into the components methylosin A and B. By comparison of physico‐chemical parameters we identified the pigment as a prodiginine‐type compound. The chemical constitution of methylosin B was established. To our knowledge this is the first observation of prodiginine‐type compounds to be metabolites of methanotrophic bacteria.
Fully-automatic Branching Reconstruction Algorithm: Application to Vascular Trees (2010)

Reconstructing tubular structures with high-order branching is a difficult task to perform automatically. Medical applications in particular demand accurate models of such objects that fulfill specific topological and geometric criteria. Indeed, the reconstructed object should be a 2-manifold surface with compact, adaptive geometry. We present a generic algorithm for automatically reconstructing n-furcated tubular surfaces. Our approach relies on a strong underlying topological structure and a novel n-furcation reconstruction algorithm using convex entities.
Association screening of common and rare genetic variants by penalized regression (2010)

Rare variant discovery by group penalized regression is now implemented in the free program Mendel at http://www.genetics.ucla.edu/software/.
A novel transition metal-promoted rearrangement of a cyclopropenyl cation. Synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of a 1-3-.eta.-butadienyl complex of platinum (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel transition metal-promoted rearrangement of a cyclopropenyl cation. Synthesis and crystal and molecular structure of a 1-3-.eta.-butadienyl complex of platinumRussell P. Hughes, James M. J. Lambert, and Arnold L. RheingoldCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 11, 2055–2057Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00130a022https://doi.org/10.1021/om00130a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Immunochromatographic Test for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of <i>Babesia caballi</i> and <i>B. equi</i> Infections in Horses (2006)

An immunochromatographic test for the simultaneous detection of Babesia caballi- and B. equi-specific antibodies (BceICT) was developed using a recombinant B. caballi 48-kDa rhoptry protein (rBc48) and a recombinant truncated B. equi merozoite antigen 2 (rEMA-2t). An evaluation of the ability of the BceICT to detect antibodies in sera from uninfected horses and experimentally infected horses showed high sensitivities and specificities of 83.3% (10/12 sera) and 92.9% (52/56 sera), respectively, for the anti-B. caballi antibody and 94.1% (16/17 sera) and 88.2% (45/51 sera), respectively, for the anti-B. equi antibody. Results from the detection of antibodies in field-collected sera indicated that the BceICT results corresponded with those of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), showing 91.8% correspondence (67/73 sera) for B. caballi and 95.9% correspondence (70/73 sera) for B. equi, and that the BceICT results also corresponded with the ICT for B. caballi and for B. equi, both of which were 98.2% (55/56 sera). The comparable results of the ICT and ELISA and the simplicity and rapidity of the performance of the ICT suggest that the BceICT would be a feasible test for the simultaneous serodiagnosis of both agents of equine babesiosis in the field.
Anti-Mullerian Hormone Protein Expression Is Reduced during the Initial Stages of Follicle Development in Human Polycystic Ovaries (2005)

These findings indicate a relative deficiency of AMH in primordial and transitional follicles in ovaries from anovulatory women with polycystic ovaries. This may contribute to disordered early follicle development in polycystic ovary syndrome.