gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[A 30-year experience with combined radiotherapy of cervix cancer]. (1983)

The development of the method of complex radiation treatment at the Institute in 1946-1980 is followed. Clinical data on 2,313 patients with stage I, II and III carcinoma of the uterine cervix formed the basis of a multifactor analysis. Five-year survival rates and frequency of complications following different modalities of radiation therapy were studied. The 5-year survival rate in cases of orthovolt X-ray therapy or intracavitary gammatherapy from unfixed sources was 54.2% (all stages of carcinoma). The results were improved by 11.9% (66.3% versus 54.2%) when remote gammatherapy using increased focal doses in the zones of parametral and lymphogenic metastatic spread was employed and the exposed volume and the focus of lesion were properly aligned. The development of pretreatment X-ray topometric procedures was followed by a further improvement in the results (72.2% as compared with 60.7%), particularly in cases of stage III carcinoma. The 5-year survival rate rose to 80.1% (all stages) as a result of application of complex radiation therapy preceded by suitable topometric preparation.
Atomic layer epitaxy of GaAs from tertiarybutylarsine and triethylgallium (1995)

GaAs growth by atomic layer epitaxy (ALE) from tertiarybutylarsine (TBA) and triethylgallium (TEG) in a chemical beam epitaxy (CBE) system is reported. A stable 4×8 surface reconstruction has been observed after Ga deposition at low substrate temperatures in the absence of TBA flux. The TEG reaction rate at the sample surface has been found to be lower under ALE conditions than under CBE growth conditions. No decay in the reflection high-energy electron diffraction intensity was observed after the ALE growth of 700 monolayers of GaAs at 550 °C. Grown samples exhibit p-type doping in the range of 1015 cm−3.
Dynamic frequency hopping for limited-bandwidth cellular systems (2002)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of dynamic frequency hopping (DFH) applied to cellular systems with a limited total bandwidth. The evaluation is done by system-level simulations of a system with 12 carriers and 1/1 frequency reuse, based on the EDGE-Compact system (EDGE-enhanced data rates in existing digital cellular systems). Voice-only circuit-switched operation is assumed. Fading channel, multi-cell interference, voice activity and antenna sectorization are modeled. We present the performance of dynamic frequency hopping compared to random frequency hopping and fixed channel assignment by showing distributions of word error rates. Sensitivity to occupancy, Rayleigh fading assumptions, number of carriers, voice activity and measurement errors are studied. The results indicate that DFH can significantly improve performance compared to random frequency hopping. For example, at a 2% frame error rate with 90% coverage, the capacity improvement of DFH is almost 100% when compared with fixed channel assignment, and about 50% when compared to random frequency hopping.
Catalysts for Aerobic Decontamination of Chemical Warfare Agents under Ambient Conditions (2007)

Transition-metal-substituted polyoxometalates (POMs) in the presence of NOx species, based on studies with the mustard (HD) simulant 2–chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES), are the most reactive catalysts yet for the desired aerobic (O2/air-based) decontamination of mustard (fast and quantitatively selective for sulfoxide using the ambient environment–air at room temperature). The properties and catalytic CEES sulfoxidation chemistry of one complex, Fe111[H(ONO2)2]PW11O395-·HNO3 (1) are addressed. Product distribution, structural and mechanistic studies on these highly complex catalytic systems are presented. In addition, preliminary results on CEES sulfoxidation catalyzed by Ag2[(CH3C(CH2O)3)2V6O13), a model for repeating units in a range of POM–based catalytically decontaminating and/or detecting materials, are described.
Monte Carlo Modeling and Commissioning of a Dual-layer Micro Multileaf Collimator (2009)

The purpose of this study was to commission a first-of-its-kind dual-layer micro multileaf collimator (mMLC) system by using Monte Carlo dose calculations. The mMLC is attached on a Varian 600C linac. Having a lower and an upper layer of MLC leaves, this mMLC allows for field shaping in two orthogonal directions. The commissioning of the system was performed in two steps: without and with the mMLC attached on the linac. The treatment head without and with the mMLC was modeled in the BEAMnrc Monte Carlo (MC) code. The scoring planes for the phase space files were specified below the linac's secondary collimators (jaws) and above and below the mMLC. With the mMLC attached to the linac the field size was defined by the jaws as 10 x 10 cm(2), which is also the maximum possible field size that can be shaped by the mMLC. For the commissioning of the linac, several fields of various sizes were simulated and compared against ionization chamber measurements in a water phantom. Output factors for several field sizes, as well as percent depth dose curves and dose profiles for rectangular and irregular shape fields, were calculated and compared against measurements in water. Agreement between measured and calculated data was better than 1% and less than 1.0 mm in the penumbra region for open fields. With the mMLC attached, the agreement between measurements and MC calculations is within 1.0% or 1.0 mm in the penumbra region.
Condensational Growth of Particulate Matter from Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion of Biodiesel in a Compression Ignition Engine (2010)

Condensational growth is not typically assumed to be significant compared with adsorption for conversion of unburned hydrocarbons in the exhaust of diesel engines to the particulate phase. However, when partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) modes designed to simultaneously reduce soot and NO X emissions are implemented, unburned hydrocarbon (UHC) concentrations in the exhaust are an order of magnitude higher than for conventional combustion modes, increasing the likelihood of gas to particle conversion by condensation. In this work, two LTC operating conditions are compared with conventional diesel combustion using a multi-cylinder direct-injection diesel engine using low-sulfur fuel, a soy-based biodiesel and a 50% by volume biodiesel blend. Gaseous emissions of unburned hydrocarbons were measured and particulate samples were taken using a partial-flow dilution tunnel. Gravimetric analysis of the collected filters, Soxhlet extraction of particulate and speciation using GC-FID was performed for all operating conditions. Elemental carbon (EC) emissions were measured using a thermal optical analyzer and particle size distribution was analyzed using a differential mobility spectrometer. For increasing biodiesel concentration in the fuel, mass emissions of both EC and UHC decreased for all combustion modes compared with petroleum diesel. However, for biodiesel use in LTC modes of operation, particulate mass significantly increased following exhaust dilution. Low vapor pressure methyl esters found in the exhaust of biodiesel LTC increases heterogeneous condensation onto soot particles in the exhaust compared with unburned species from petroleum diesel fuel operation. A model estimating this condensation mechanism accurately predicts the experimental findings of increased mass of particulate for biodiesel operation.
A SEM-EDS Study of Cultural Heritage Objects with Interpretation of Constituents and Their Distribution Using PARC Data Analysis (2011)

Two cultural heritage objects studied with scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are presented in this article: (1) archeological iron present in a soil sample and (2) a chip from a purple-colored area of an undisclosed 17th century painting. Novel PARC software was used to interpret the data in terms of quantitative distribution of mineral and organo-mineral phases as well as their chemical composition. The study serves to demonstrate the power of PARC rather than solving specific archeological issues. The observations on archeological iron potentially can assist in (1) studing the source of iron-metal and the style of forging, (2) learning about alteration processes of artifacts in the particular soil from which the sample originated, and (3) determining the nature of the fractures in the Fe-oxide envelope (desiccation of the sample after excavation, or as primary feature caused by volume change from oxidation). In the paint chip, 11 consecutive layers can be distinguished using the PARC software. In general, each layer consists of a carrier supporting inorganic fragments. In the basal layer the fragments are dominant; in the superimposed layers the carrier usually is. Both organic and inorganic carriers appear to be present. Organic carriers can contain typically inorganic constituents (e.g., Pb, Al), beyond the chemical spatial resolution of EDS (i.e., <1 μm).
Cell Culture Technology (2004)

Abstract Cell culture technology refers to the in vitro processes employed for the growth of mammalian, insect, or plant cells to manufacture biochemicals of commercial importance. Cell culture products, typically therapeutics or medical diagnostics, are regulated by the FDA. The market for cell culture‐derived products is growing and is expected to continue to grow into the twenty‐first century.The technology involved in cell growth is often dependent on cell line type. Hybridoma cells, used for the production of monoclonal antibodies, can be grown in suspension cultures in a manner similar to that used in microbial fermentation. Other cell systems require microcarriers or supports. All of these cells have higher shear sensitivity than microbial cells. Both batch and continuous processes, cell growth kinetics, cell aeration, growth media, product isolation, and purification are discussed, as are safety regulations and standards.
Overview of Automated Immunohistochemistry (2014)

Each of the commercially available, automated immunohistochemistry platforms has strategic design differences that produce advantages and disadvantages. Understanding those differences can help match the demands of testing volumes, turnaround time, standardization, and labor savings to the appropriate automated instrumentation.
In Situ Criteria of Pull-Off Test for Measuring Bond Strength of Latex-Modified Concrete Overlay (2004)

This study evaluated the factors influencing a pull-off test on latex-modified concrete (LMC) overlay by finite element analysis (FEA) and experimental verification and provided field engineers and project managers a guideline for measuring the bond strength in the field. The purpose of FEA was to predict stresses at the interface between the substrate and the overlay and between the disk and the overlay. Good agreement has been obtained between the theoretical and experimental results to confirm the following: the steel disc thickness did not affect the stress concentration factor (SCF) at the concrete interface but significantly influenced that of the steel disc. To prevent failure at the steel disc interface, the normalized steel disc thickness (T/D) should be at least 0.3. The effect of overlay thickness was significant to the stress distribution at the concrete interface. The normalized overlay thickness should be larger than 0.4. SCFs at all diameters decreased rapidly as the substrate coring depth increased from 0.05 to 0.2 of normalized cutting depth relative to core diameter. Those with a 75-mm diameter (D75) and a 100-mm diameter (D100) became stabilized immediately after reaching 0.2 of normalized cutting depth relative to core diameter. Stress distributions at concrete interfaces were not affected by the distance of the core from the edge of the slab (l e ), the distance between cores (l c ), and the typical elastic modulus ratio of LMC to conventional concrete. The experimental results with the major influencing factors (steel disc thickness, core diameter, and partial cutting depth) showed good agreement with FEA results. For theoretical as well as for practical purposes, 100-mm (4-in.) core diameter is optimum; cutting depth should be between 25 mm (1 in.) and 40 mm (1.7 in.).
Dynamic Memory allocation for large Query execution (1998)

ABSTRACT. The execution time of a large query depends mainly on the memory utilization which should avoid disk accesses for intermediate results. Poor memory management can hurt performance and even lead to system thrashing because of paging. However, memory management optimization is hard to incorporate in a query optimizer because of cost estimate errors. In this paper, we address the problem of efficient memory management for large query execution. We propose a static memory allocation scheme applied at start-up time, and a more efficient dynamic execution model which performs memory-adaptive scheduling of the query. Our execution model handles graciously memory overflow by choosing dynamically the best scheduling among several possible using a simple cost model. The model is robust to cost estimate errors. We describe a performance evaluation using a prototype implementation. The experiments with many queries show significant gain over static strategies. KEY WORDS: Memory Management, Query Execution, System Paging RÉSUMÉ Le temps d’exécution de requêtes complexes dépends principalement de la gestion de la mémoire qui peut éviter des accès disques, notamment pour les résultats intermédiaires. Une mauvaise gestion de la mémoire peut entraîner un écroulement des performances dû au swap système. Cependant, il est difficile d’incorporer l’optimisation de l’utilisation de la mémoire dans l’optimiseur de requêtes. Dans cet article, nous proposons des solutions pour une gestion efficace de la mémoire lors de l’exécution de requêtes complexes. Plusieurs méthodes statiques d’allocation de la mémoire sont d’abord proposées, puis un mécanisme dynamique, plus efficace est présenté. Ce dernier change l’ordre d’exécution des requêtes de manière à optimiser la gestion de la mémoire. Il permet ainsi de s’adapter à d’éventuels débordement de capacité ou à des erreurs du modèle de coût. Nous réalisons une évaluation de performances sur un prototype montrant des gains importants par rapport aux stratégies statiques. MOTS CLÉS: gestion de la mémoire, exécution de requête, système, swap. 1.
Integrity Monitoring in Navigation Systems: Fault Detection and Exclusion RAIM Algorithm Implementation (2015)

The use of GPS is becoming increasingly popular for real-time navigation systems. To ensure that satellite failures are detected and excluded at the receiver is of high importance for the integrity of the satellite navigation system. The focus of this paper is to implement a fault detection and exclusion algorithm in a software GPS receiver in order to provide timely warnings to the user when it is not advisable to use the GPS system for navigation. The GPS system currently provides some basic integrity information to users via the navigation message, but it is not timely enough for safety-critical applications. RAIM is a means of providing integrity with the capability of detecting when a satellite failure or a measurement error has occurred. It is the simplest and most cost effective technique for integrity monitoring. After applying the iterative fault detection and the exclusion algorithm, a significant improvement in positioning accuracy is achieved.
Chemical Preservatives as Inhibitors of Yeast Growth (1963)

SUMMARY The resistances of 37 yeast cultures to 5 chemical preservatives (sorbic, benzoic, sulfurous, salicylic, and formic acids) in concentrations increased by steps were treated statistically by the method of distribution curves, plotting the surviving cultures against the concentration of each preservative. The area confined by each curve and the coordinate axes was found to be inversely proportional to the potency of each preservative. This treatment of data seems to be a new way of evaluating chemical preservatives, and possibly antibiotics.
Handbook of Research on Redesigning the Future of Internet Architectures (2015)

As the volume of global Internet traffic increases, the Internet is beginning to suffer from a broad spectrum of performance-degrading infrastructural limitations that threaten to jeopardize the continued growth of new, innovative services. In answer to this challenge, computer scientists seek to maintain the original design principles of the Internet while allowing for a more dynamic approach to the manner in which networks are designed and operated.The Handbook of Research on Redesigning the Future of Internet Architectures covers some of the hottest topics currently being debated by the Internet community at large, including Internet governance, privacy issues, service delivery automation, advanced networking schemes, and new approaches to Internet traffic-forwarding and path-computation mechanics. Targeting students, network-engineers, and technical strategists, this book seeks to provide a broad and comprehensive look at the next wave of revolutionary ideas poised to reshape the very foundation of the Internet as we know it.
Nucleotide sequence of the <i>ugp genes of Escherichia coli</i> K‐12: homology to the maltose system (1988)

The nucleotide sequence of the ugp genes of Escherichia coli K-12, which encode a phosphate-limitation inducible uptake system for sn-glycerol-3-phosphate and glycerophosphoryl diesters, was determined. The genetic organization of the operon differed from previously published results. A single promoter, containing a putative pho box, was detected by S1-nuclease mapping. The promoter is followed by four open reading frames, designated ugpB, A, E and C, which encode a periplasmic binding protein, two hydrophobic membrane proteins and a protein that is likely to couple energy to the transport system, respectively. The sequences of the proteins contain the characteristics of several other binding protein-dependent transport systems, but they seem to be particularly closely related to the maltose system.
Dose Formulation and Analysis of Diapocynin (2007)

Procedures based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are described for analyzing diapocynin. Diapocynin was synthesized by oxidative coupling of two apocynin monomers, through the in situ generation of sulfate radicals. It was purified by washing 3 times each with boiling water, followed by boiling methanol. HPLC was used to determine the concentration of unreacted apocynin and other impurities and the purity of the diapocynin that had been synthesized. Negative-ion, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) LC-MS was used to determine the molecular weights of impurities. The method using HPLC with UV detection provided a calibration curve that was linear from 0.16 to 24 microg/mL. The LC-MS method was linear from 0.005 to 2 microg/mL. It was found that diapocynin has low solubility in deionized water and corn oil but is soluble in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and alkaline aqueous solutions. Also, diapocynin is 13 times more lipophilic than apocynin, even though both compounds have the same p K a of 7.4. The log of the octanol/water partition coefficient (log P) was 1.01 for apocynin and 1.82 for diapocynin. A solution of 5.5 mg/mL (16.7 mM) diapocynin in DMSO was found to be stable for at least 30 days when stored at room temperature.
Functionalized polymers by chemical surface modification (2008)

Surface-modified polymers are of substantial importance in many diverse aspects of modern technology, and whilst there are a number of existing physical and chemical methods for surface modification of polymers, the frequent requirement for significant infrastructure, harsh reaction conditions and limitation to specific polymer types led us to consider alternative chemical methods. A desirable alternative would be that amenable to a large range of polymers, permitting direct chemical modification under mild conditions and using inexpensive reagents. We report here that functionalized diarylcarbenes are excellent reactive intermediates suitable for direct surface modification of a range of organic and inorganic materials, and we have illustrated that this can be used for the introduction of visible and fluorescent chromophores, biocidal and biocompatible function.
Changes in Human Langerhans Cells Following Intradermal Injection of Influenza Virus-Like Particle Vaccines (2010)

There is a significant gap in our fundamental understanding of early morphological and migratory changes in human Langerhans cells (LCs) in response to vaccine stimulation. As the vast majority of LCs studies are conducted in small animal models, substantial interspecies variation in skin architecture and immunity must be considered when extrapolating the results to humans. This study aims to determine whether excised human skin, maintained viable in organ culture, provides a useful human model for measuring and understanding early immune response to intradermally delivered vaccine candidates. Excised human breast skin was maintained viable in air-liquid-interface organ culture. This model was used for the first time to show morphological changes in human LCs stimulated with influenza virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines delivered via intradermal injection. Immunohistochemistry of epidermal sheets and skin sections showed that LCs in VLP treated skin lost their typical dendritic morphology. The cells were more dispersed throughout the epidermis, often in close proximity to the basement membrane, and appeared vertically elongated. Our data provides for increased understanding of the complex morphological, spatial and temporal changes that occur to permit LC migration through the densely packed keratinocytes of the epidermis following exposure to vaccine. Significantly, the data not only supports previous animal data but also provides new and essential evidence of host response to this vaccination strategy in the real human skin environment.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithiation Reaction of 1,5‐Dibromothiophene. <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR Spectra of 3‐Substituted Derivatives. (1985)

Abstract 2,5‐Dibrom‐thiophen (I) liefert mit Lithiierungsmitteln und unter verschiedenen Bedingungen aufgrund einer Gleichgewichtsbildung (IX)⇌(X) unterschiedliche Reaktionsprodukte.
High-speed digital plotter (1971)

Modified typewriter mechanism with standard logic components provides digital plot of output of multichannel analyzer. Unit plots irregular curves at approximately 14 channels per second, and smooth curves at over 25 channels per second, and is not subject to analog error or drift.
Regulation of energy rheostasis by the melanocortin-3 receptor (2018)

Like most homeostatic systems, adiposity in mammals is defended between upper and lower boundary conditions. While leptin and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) signaling are required for defending energy set point, mechanisms controlling upper and lower homeostatic boundaries are less well understood. In contrast to the MC4R, deletion of the MC3R does not produce measurable hyperphagia or hypometabolism under normal conditions. However, we demonstrate that MC3R is required bidirectionally for controlling responses to external homeostatic challenges, such as caloric restriction or calorie-rich diet. MC3R is also required for regulated excursion from set point, or rheostasis, during pregnancy. Further, we demonstrate a molecular mechanism: MC3R provides regulatory inputs to melanocortin signaling, acting presynaptically on agouti-related protein neurons to regulate γ-aminobutyric acid release onto anorexigenic MC4R neurons, exerting boundary control on the activity of MC4R neurons. Thus, the MC3R is a critical regulator of boundary controls on melanocortin signaling, providing rheostatic control on energy storage.