gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical and pharmacological properties of vasopressor phospholipid in crude soybean lecithin. (1978)

Commercial soybean lecithin has a potent hypertensive effect on anesthetized rats. Crude soybean lecithin was separated into two fractions with respect to solubility in cold acetone. The acetone-insoluble fraction containing most pressor activity was separated into two further active fractions by column chromatography on silicic acid. The active fraction eluted with chloroform-methanol mixture (4:6) was further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex LH-20. The purified pressor substance had phosphorus and was labile to alkali. Its chromatographic and partition behaviors indicate that it may be a polar acidic phospholipid. The short-lasting pressor response produced by the active lipid was not reduced by mechanical injury to the central nervous system or treatment with an a-adrenergic blocking agent or a ganglion-blocking agent.
Nitride‐organic semiconductor hybrid heterostructures for optoelectronic devices (2007)

Abstract We explore hybrid gallium nitride‐organic semiconductors as composite layered thin film materials and report on initial results of fundamental studies of carrier transport across a junction composed of InGaN and selected organic thin films, with the eventual application goal towards versatile optoelectronic devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Novelty detection for time series data analysis in water distribution systems using support vector machines (2010)

The sampling frequency and quantity of time series data collected from water distribution systems has been increasing in recent years, giving rise to the potential for improving system knowledge if suitable automated techniques can be applied, in particular, machine learning. Novelty (or anomaly) detection refers to the automatic identification of novel or abnormal patterns embedded in large amounts of “normal” data. When dealing with time series data (transformed into vectors), this means abnormal events embedded amongst many normal time series points. The support vector machine is a data-driven statistical technique that has been developed as a tool for classification and regression. The key features include statistical robustness with respect to non-Gaussian errors and outliers, the selection of the decision boundary in a principled way, and the introduction of nonlinearity in the feature space without explicitly requiring a nonlinear algorithm by means of kernel functions. In this research, support vector regression is used as a learning method for anomaly detection from water flow and pressure time series data. No use is made of past event histories collected through other information sources. The support vector regression methodology, whose robustness derives from the training error function, is applied to a case study.
Steady and Transient Heat Transfer Characteristics of Flat Micro Heatpipe (2005)

(PHP) and capillary pumped loop (CPL) heatpipe, and it is expected that these new heat transfer devices will possibly see practical applications. The slim-profiled flat μHP that has recently been developed is drawing attention because the heatpipe has the advantages of ease of mounting in PCs assuring a sufficient contact surface with heat-generating devices. While this flat μHP has geometrical features such that its crosssectional area of the vapor channel for the working fluid is very small in comparison with cylindrical heatpipes, the effects of this feature on the working principle and the heat transfer performance have not been clarified yet. Accordingly, this paper presents the basic data of this flat μHP together with thermal characteristics that are indispensable for optimizing its inner structure.
[Preservative effects of nitrous oxide on stored red cells]. (1997)

While various additive solutions, containers and temperature have been shown to improve qualities of stored red cells, there are no reports on gas environment during blood storage. Nitrous oxide (N2O) showed a very high permeability through polyvinyl chloride membrane and high blood solubility. The whole blood with CPD was stored in N2 O (N2O-group) and compared with the control which was stored in air (Air-group). After storage (21 days at 5 degrees C and 35 days at 1 degree C), N2O-group showed significantly lower decreases of pH as well as significantly lower increases of Pco2 than Air-group. At both temperatures, glucose concentrations and ATP levels showed no differences between the two groups, but concentrations of lactate and 2, 3-DPG in N2O-group are significantly higher than those in Air-group. It is concluded that nitrous oxide gas environment can prevent decrease of pH by the suppression of increasing Pco2 in the stored blood due to high permeability and solubility into the cooled blood from ambient and can maintain functions of stored red cells, while neither oxidation toxicity nor antioxidation effects of N2O were demonstrated.
Dependency-Based Test Case Selection and Prioritization in Embedded Systems (2012)

Embedded systems in automotive engineering are getting more and more complex due to a higher rate of integration and shared usage of sensor signals. A common solution to testing these systems is deriving test cases from models, so called model-based testing. In practice, generated test suites are typically very huge and have to be reduced by methods of regression-test selection and prioritization. In our field of application, we additionally suffer from the lack of knowledge on system internals like the source code. Therefore, our approach is based on dependences between the components of embedded systems. The model we use is derived from the system architecture and system requirements. We are using graph algorithms for selecting and prioritizing test cases to run on a certain system version. First statistical evaluations and the current implementation already have shown promising reduction of test-cases for regression testing.
Characteristics of a Metal-Backed Loop Antenna and its Application to a High-Frequency RFID Smart Shelf (2009)

In this paper, a metal-backed loop antenna (MBLA) at high frequency (HF) is characterized and applied to a radio-frequency identification (RFID) smart-shelf system. The antenna is investigated in terms of impedance matching, resonant frequency, magnetic-field intensity/field distribution, quality factor, and detection range. The study shows that the magnetic-field distribution of the metal-backed loop antenna can be effectively controlled by changing the size as well as the separation of the backing metal plate. As a result, the detection range of an RFID system using such an antenna can be controlled. Such a feature offers great promise for the metal-backed loop antenna in applications for RFID smart-shelf systems. For such systems, controlling the coupling zone of the antennas is vital for constraining the interference between the antennas in adjacent tiers of the shelves, in order to achieve high system-detection accuracy. In addition, using a metal-backed loop antenna provides more flexibility for RFID smart-shelf-system design and implementation, so that the system is more cost effective.
A New Laser Decontamination Device (2012)

A new laser decontamination device has been developed to evaporate instantly with almost no temperature rise and to clean up the radioisotope (RI) contaminated stainless steel components, devices and major structural objects of nuclear power station, nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, accelerator facilities and the related ones. The laser decontamination device delivers the tightly focused laser light of GW/cm2 just on the surface to clean up RI contained rust mold on and inside the stress corrosion cracks and corrosion pitting in the stainless steel-made components, devices and objects. The decontamination device is newly designed to measure three-dimensional surface map very quickly, and successfully to peel the three-dimensional irregular surface according to the measured map using the three dimensional fast scanner, displacement meter and laser system. In the cold tests, the device performed to peel off the surface of cans and multi-stepped plates very precisely, very uniformly and very quickly.
Introduction to Polymer Science (2005)

This chapter introduces the students to many of the basic concepts that will be used throughout the book. The relationship between little molecules and polymers is explored. The five regions of viscoelasticity are described. A brief section on synthesis is presented. The history of polymer science is described, with emphasis on the role of the Macromolecular Hypothesis.
Molecular Mechanism of Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Action. I. The GnRH Receptor* (1988)

GONADOTROPIN-releasing hormone (GnRH)1 is a key integrator between the neural and endocrine systems (Fig. 1). This peptide is synthesized in hypothalamic neurosecretory cells then released in a pulsatile pattern into the hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation. This pulsatile pattern provokes the secretion of the gonadotropins, LH and FSH, from the anterior pituitary. Gonadotropins, in turn, control the function of the gonads; LH stimulates ovulation and corpus luteum formation in females and androgen secretion in males, whereas FSH stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in females and spermatogenesis in males. GnRH and its analogs also have direct actions on the gonads in some species by inhibiting steroidogenesis in males and ovulation in females (1). It is unlikely that hypothalamic-derived GnRH is responsible for these actions (because of the very low concentrations in the peripheral circulations), and the possibility remains open that a different molecule, made locally, may bind to this receptor in vivo. The ability of GnRH to stimulate reproductive functions (at pulsatile low doses) or suppress them (at high doses) has been clinically applied for various purposes (2), including the induction of ovulation and spermatogenesis, contraception, and for the treatment of precocious puberty, endometriosis, and steroiddependent tumors (i.e. prostate and breast cancer).
All-solid-state 5-kHz 02-TW Ti:sapphire laser system (1999)

We have developed an all-solid-state 5-kHz Ti:sapphire laser system, which produces 22-fs, 0.2-TW pulses. An average power of 22.2 W is the highest ever obtained in ultrashort laser sources. The serious thermal lensing due to high power pumping in a small area of the Ti:sapphire crystal is controlled successfully by a stable quasi-cavity with two concave mirrors.
Chip on suspension MR head (2002)

A magnetoresistive (MR) head with the driver IC chip on a circuit integrated suspension structure has been developed. The structural characteristics of this MR head include an optimally designed circuit integrated suspension and a small bare driver IC chip with solder bumps. The driver lC chip is located very close to the MR head slider on the suspension. This structure minimizes parasitic resistance, capacitance and inductance on the lines of the suspension between the driver lC chip and the MR head slider. Higher speed magnetic write and read data rates have been achieved. This paper presents the flip chip bonding of the driver lC chip to the circuit integrated suspension. Due to the compactness of the IC assembly, we could achieve performances such as greater mechanical fly height and resonance during magnetic data seek on the hard disk, and faster electrical data rates.
Transcription Factor RAP2.2 and Its Interacting Partner SINAT2: Stable Elements in the Carotenogenesis of Arabidopsis Leaves (2007)

Abstract The promoter of phytoene synthase, the first specific enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, shows two main regulatory regions: a G-box-containing region located near the TATA box, and a TATA box distal region containing the cis-acting element ATCTA, which mediates strong basal promoter activity. This second element was also present in the promoter of phytoene desaturase, the next step of the carotenoid pathway, suggesting a common regulatory mechanism. In this work, we demonstrate that AtRAP2.2, a member of the APETALA2 (AP2)/ethylene-responsive element-binding protein transcription factor family, binds to the ATCTA element. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, AtRAP2.2 transcript and protein levels were tightly controlled as indicated by unchanged transcript and protein levels in T-DNA insertion mutants in the AtRAP2.2 promoter and 5′ untranslated region and the lack of change in AtRAP2.2 protein levels in lines strongly overexpressing the AtRAP2.2 transcript. Homozygous loss-of-function mutants could not be obtained for the AtRAP2.2 5′ untranslated region T-DNA insertion line indicating a lethal phenotype. In AtRAP2.2 overexpression lines, modest changes in phytoene synthase and phytoene desaturase transcripts were only observed in root-derived calli, which consequently showed a reduction in carotenoid content. The RING finger protein SEVEN IN ABSENTIA OF ARABIDOPSIS2 (SINAT2) was identified as an AtRAP2.2 interaction partner using a two-hybrid approach. The structure of SINAT2 and related proteins of Arabidopsis show homology to the SEVEN IN ABSENTIA protein of Drosophila that is involved in proteasome-mediated regulation in a variety of developmental processes. The action of SINAT2 may explain the recalcitrance of AtRAP2.2 protein levels to change by altering AtRAP2.2 transcription.
Passive Optical Shutter for Reducing the Fluorescent Output of a Pulsed Ruby Laser (1968)

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Carbon Dioxide Reforming of Methane on Supported Nickel Catalysts. (1994)

The reforming of CH4 with CO2 using various Ni catalysts has been investigated. As a result of screening tests, the selection of supports was found to be very important to control the catalytic activity of Ni. Among the various supports, ceramic foam and Al2O3 supports incorporating industrial steam reforming catalysts showed higher activities than SiO2 supports. The kinetic study has shown that the results could be expressed by a simple power-law equation for the three activated catalysts. The effect of the support was also studied. The results showed the importance of the acid-base property of the catalyst.
Joint data detection and channel estimation for OFDM systems (2006)

We develop new blind and semi-blind data detectors and channel estimators for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Our data detectors require minimizing a complex, integer quadratic form in the data vector. The semi-blind detector uses both channel correlation and noise variance. The quadratic for the blind detector suffers from rank deficiency; for this, we give a low-complexity solution. Avoiding a computationally prohibitive exhaustive search, we solve our data detectors using sphere decoding (SD) and V-BLAST and provide simple adaptations of the SD algorithm. We consider how the blind detector performs under mismatch, generalize the basic data detectors to nonunitary constellations, and extend them to systems with pilots and virtual carriers. Simulations show that our data detectors perform well.
Effects of Sn<sup>2+</sup> Ion Size on Sn Doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> (2013)

We discuss the doping effect of Sn 2+ on ATiO 3 perovskites by comparing with those of Pb and Ba. The solution energy of Sn into A sites of ATiO 3 perovskites shows minimum when the lattice size is almost the same as that of SrTiO 3 (STO), as determined by first-principles calculations. In dielectric measurements of these STO-based ceramics, the Sn 2+ -doped STO ceramics showed a higher peak temperature than the Pb 2+ - or Ba 2+ -doped STO ceramics at the same doping amount. In addition, the maximum polarization obtained in the Sn 2+ -doped STO ceramics was larger than that obtained in the Pb 2+ - or Ba 2+ -doped ceramics in terms of the relationship between the polarization and electric field curve measurement at room temperature. The piezoresponse was also observed in the Sn 2+ -doped STO ceramics at room temperature by piezoresponse force microscopy. We propose that these effects originate from the bond length between Sn 2+ and O 2- which is smaller than that between Pb 2+ and O 2- . The Sn 2+ ion prefers the off-center position at the Sr 2+ site because of the retention of the stable bond length between Sn 2+ and O 2- . These leads to the formation of polar regions and which can assist in the generation of a larger polarization.
Review: Side Effects of Approved Molecular Targeted Therapies in Solid Cancers (2007)

Major advances have been achieved in the field of biologically based therapies for cancer in the last few years, and some of the recently approved molecular-targeted therapies are now being used in daily clinical practice. These molecular targets are also expressed in normal cells, which explains the different grades of toxicity, resulting from the disruption of normal cellular function. In general, targeted molecular therapies have good toxicity profiles, but some patients are exquisitely sensitive to these drugs and can develop particular and severe toxicities. In this article, we review the toxicity and safety of various small molecules and monoclonal antibodies used in solid tumors, with discussion of the pathophysiology, correlation with response, and strategies for prevention and management.
Motion Planning of Multi-docking System for Intelligent Mobile Robots (2014)

The article develops a multi-docking system with a mobile robot and three docking stations. The docking structure is designed with one active degree of freedom and two passive degrees of freedom. The controller of the power detection devices is HOLTEK microchip, and acquires measurement values of the real-time current and voltage of the mobile robot and the docking stations. The power detection devices contain three power detection systems and one power detection module. The power detection system is embedded in the docking station and monitors the real-time information for the charging process. The controller of the mobile robot receives these measurement values from the power detection module via RS232 interface. The article focuses on the searching process using multiple sensors and a laser range finder for the mobile robot. The laser range finder searches the landmark of each docking station, and guides the mobile robot moving to the assigned docking station. In the experimental results, the power of the mobile robot is under the threshold value. The mobile robot selects the free and nearest docking station according to the received information from each docking station via wireless RF interfaces. The laser range finder guides the mobile robot moving approach to the assigned docking station. The power of the mobile robot is enough to be detected by the power detection module. The docking station turns off the charging current, and trigs the mobile robot leaving the docking station via wireless RF interface.
A Signalled Two Stage Pedestrian Crossing at the Glendene Roundabout, Waitakere City (1991)

A new signalled crossing of Great North Road (25,000 veh/day) at the Glendene Roundabout is described. The general advantages of two stage control are explored for a wide range of traffic flow conditions. Design details bearing on efficiency and safety are highlighted. Results of a survey and analysis of the actual performance of the Glendene crossing are presented. Positive conclusions are reached.
Hierarchical Nanoheterostructure of Tungsten Disulfide Nanoflowers Doped with Zinc Oxide Hollow Spheres: Benzene Gas Sensing Properties and First-Principles Study (2019)

This paper reports an original fabrication of a benzene gas sensor based on tungsten disulfide nanoflowers (WS<sub>2</sub> NFs)/zinc oxide hollow spheres (ZnO HMDs) hierarchical nanoheterostructure. The ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> hierarchical composite was characterized for the inspection of its nanostructure, elementary composition, and surface morphology. The benzene-sensing properties of the ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> nanofilm sensor were exactly investigated. The results illustrate that the ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> sensor exhibits a remarkable sensing performance toward benzene gas, including good sensitivity, rapid detection, outstanding repeatability, and stability. This is attributed to the fact that the ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> nanoheterostructure can dramatically enhance the benzene sensing performance. Furthermore, density functional theory was employed to construct the benzene gas adsorption model for the ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> heterostructure, from which the determined parameters in geometry, energy, and charge provided a powerful support for the mechanism explanation. This work suggests that the ZnO/WS<sub>2</sub> nanoheterostructure is competent to detect trace benzene gas at room temperature.
Cognitive Deficits and Delayed Neuronal Loss in a Mouse Model of Multiple Microinfarcts (2012)

Microinfarcts are a common clinical feature of the aging brain, particularly in patients with cognitive decline or vascular or Alzheimer's dementia. However, the natural history of these lesions remains largely unexplored. Here we describe a mouse (C57BL/6J) model of multiple diffuse microinfarcts induced by unilateral internal carotid artery injection of cholesterol crystals (40-70 μm). Microinfarcts were spread throughout the deep cortex, subcortical tissue, and hippocampus and were comprised of a core positive for CD68 (a marker for reactive microglia and macrophages), surrounded by large regions of glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive reactive astrogliosis. Widespread reactive gliosis, including mislocalization of the astrocytic water channel aquaporin 4 persisted long after injury, recovering only after 1 month after stroke. Within the cortex, neuronal cell death progressed gradually over the first month, from ∼35% at 3 d to 60% at 28 d after stroke. Delayed demyelination was also observed in lesions, beginning 28 d after stroke. These findings demonstrate that microinfarct development follows a distinct course compared to larger regional infarcts such as those induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion. The long-lasting gliosis, delayed neuronal loss, and demyelination suggest that the therapeutic window for microinfarcts may be much wider (perhaps days to weeks) than for larger strokes.
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data (2013)

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) are manufactured worldwide in large quantities for use in a wide range of applications. TiO2 NPs possess different physicochemical properties compared to their fine particle (FP) analogs, which might alter their bioactivity. Most of the literature cited here has focused on the respiratory system, showing the importance of inhalation as the primary route for TiO2 NP exposure in the workplace. TiO2 NPs may translocate to systemic organs from the lung and gastrointestinal tract (GIT) although the rate of translocation appears low. There have also been studies focusing on other potential routes of human exposure. Oral exposure mainly occurs through food products containing TiO2 NP-additives. Most dermal exposure studies, whether in vivo or in vitro, report that TiO2 NPs do not penetrate the stratum corneum (SC). In the field of nanomedicine, intravenous injection can deliver TiO2 nanoparticulate carriers directly into the human body. Upon intravenous exposure, TiO2 NPs can induce pathological lesions of the liver, spleen, kidneys, and brain. We have also shown here that most of these effects may be due to the use of very high doses of TiO2 NPs. There is also an enormous lack of epidemiological data regarding TiO2 NPs in spite of its increased production and use. However, long-term inhalation studies in rats have reported lung tumors. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the toxicology of TiO2 NPs and points out areas where further information is needed.