gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Doubly distorted mirrors (1993)

Traditional mirrored disk systems provide high reliability by multiplexing disks. Performance is improved with parallel reads and shorter read seeks. However, writes must be performed by both disks, limiting performance. Doubly distorted mirrors increase the number of physical writes per logical write from 2 to 3, but performs logical writes more efficiently. This reduces the cost of a random logical write to 1/3 of the cost of a read. Moreover, much of the write cost can be absorbed in the rotational latency of the reads, performing under certain conditions all the writes for free. Doubly distorted mirrors achieves a 135% performance improvement over traditional mirrors in the TP1 benchmark. Although these techniques require a disk cache for writes, the cache need not be safe nor is recovery time impacted very much.
Uranyl Adsorption and Speciation at the Fused Silica/Water Interface Studied by Resonantly Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation and the χ<sup>(3)</sup> Method (2010)

We report the first use of resonantly enhanced second harmonic generation (SHG) to study uranyl adsorption at a buried mineral oxide/water interface. Uranyl adsorption is studied in real-time, under flow conditions, and in the presence of environmentally relevant screening electrolyte concentrations. The in situ SHG spectrum of surface-bound uranyl reveals a well-defined resonance at 306 nm. By monitoring the SHG response at 306 nm, adsorption isotherms were collected for uranyl species at the fused silica/water interface at pH 7, and in the presence of aqueous carbonate. The measured adsorption free energies determined by the Langmuir isotherm are consistent with physisorption via hydrogen bonding. The speciation of the surface-active uranyl species at pH 7 was elucidated via a free energy versus interfacial potential analysis, which reveals that the uranyl adsorbates are either neutral or univalent cationic species. Complementary surface charge density data, obtained using the Eisenthal chi(3) technique, reveal that the charge on the ionic uranyl species adsorbing under the experimental conditions are positive. It is proposed that a mixture of neutral and univalent, cationic uranyl species is surface active at pH 7 and in the presence of carbonate ions. Insofar as the experimental conditions model those found in natural groundwater systems, the results of this work are valuable to the prediction and assessment of uranium pollution transport in groundwater and soils. Our thermodynamic results can also serve as important benchmarks for computer simulations of U(VI) transport in heterogeneous geochemical environments.
Thirteen-week Intravenous Toxicity Study of a Novel Humanized Anti-Human Death Receptor 5 Monoclonal Antibody, CS-1008, in Cynomolgus Monkeys (2010)

CS-1008, a humanized monoclonal antibody that is agonistic to human death receptor 5, was intravenously administered to cynomolgus monkeys twice a week for 13 weeks at 3 different dose levels (5, 15 and 42 mg/kg) in order to evaluate its potential toxicity. A control group received phosphate buffered saline containing 0.01% polysorbate 80. Each of the 4 groups consisted of 3 male and 3 female cynomolgus monkeys. No animal in any group died during the dosing period. No toxic changes in clinical signs, food consumption, body weight, electrocardiography, ophthalmology, urinalysis, hematology, blood chemistry, gross pathology, organ weights or histopathology were noted in any group during the dosing period. In the toxicokinetic analysis, the values for the maximum concentration of CS-1008 in plasma and the area under the curve generally increased with increasing dose. No clear differences in the toxicokinetic parameters or profiles were observed between the sexes. Development of anti-CS-1008 antibodies was not detected in any sample. The no-observed adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of CS-1008 in cynomolgus monkeys under the conditions of this study was concluded to be 42 mg/kg in both sexes, when administered intravenously twice a week for 13 weeks. This study supports the development of CS-1008 as a therapeutic biopharmaceutical.
Breast cancer detection using synthetic mammograms from generative adversarial networks in convolutional neural networks (2019)

The convolutional neural network (CNN) is a promising technique to detect breast cancer based on mammograms. Training the CNN from scratch, however, requires a large amount of labeled data. Such a requirement usually is infeasible for some kinds of medical image data such as mammographic tumor images. Because improvement of the performance of a CNN classifier requires more training data, the creation of new training images, image augmentation, is one solution to this problem. We applied the generative adversarial network (GAN) to generate synthetic mammographic images from the digital database for screening mammography (DDSM). From the DDSM, we cropped two sets of regions of interest (ROIs) from the images: normal and abnormal (cancer/tumor). Those ROIs were used to train the GAN, and the GAN then generated synthetic images. For comparison with the affine transformation augmentation methods, such as rotation, shifting, scaling, etc., we used six groups of ROIs [three simple groups: affine augmented, GAN synthetic, real (original), and three mixture groups of any two of the three simple groups] for each to train a CNN classifier from scratch. And, we used real ROIs that were not used in training to validate classification outcomes. Our results show that, to classify the normal ROIs and abnormal ROIs from DDSM, adding GAN-generated ROIs in the training data can help the classifier prevent overfitting, and on validation accuracy, the GAN performs about 3.6% better than affine transformations for image augmentation. Therefore, GAN could be an ideal augmentation approach. The images augmented by GAN or affine transformation cannot substitute for real images to train CNN classifiers because the absence of real images in the training set will cause over-fitting.
In Vivo Activity of Murine De Novo Methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b (1999)

The putative de novo methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, were reported to have weak methyltransferase activity in methylating the 3' long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukemia virus in vitro. The activity of these enzymes was evaluated in vivo, using a stable episomal system that employs plasmids as targets for DNA methylation in human cells. De novo methylation of a subset of the CpG sites on the stable episomes is detected in human cells overexpressing the murine Dnmt3a or Dnmt3b1 protein. This de novo methylation activity is abolished when the cysteine in the P-C motif, which is the catalytic site of cytosine methyltransferases, is replaced by a serine. The pattern of methylation on the episome is nonrandom, and different regions of the episome are methylated to different extents. Furthermore, Dnmt3a also methylates the sequence methylated by Dnmt3a on the stable episome in the corresponding chromosomal target. Overexpression of human DNMT1 or murine Dnmt3b does not lead to the same pattern or degree of de novo methylation on the episome as overexpression of murine Dnmt3a. This finding suggests that these three enzymes may have different targets or requirements, despite the fact that weak de novo methyltransferase activity has been demonstrated in vitro for all three enzymes. It is also noteworthy that both Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b proteins coat the metaphase chromosomes while displaying a more uniform pattern in the nucleus. This is the first evidence that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b have de novo methyltransferase function in vivo and the first indication that the Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b proteins may have preferred target sites.
Network as a Service - A Demo on 5G Network Slicing. (2016)

5G mobile networks have to support a huge number of different service types such as health, automotive, logistics, energy, and public safety. A one-size-fits-all solution like it exists today that delivers all the services to every device everywhere in the network is not a viable option. Network slicing allows to offer programmable network instances, which match the requirements of the individual use cases, subscriber types, and applications. Within a slice, network functions and elements can be instantiated according to the specific service demands such as ultra-low latency, massive IoT, or dense broadband. This demo presents 5G network slicing using the example of a health insurance provider. The health service includes the use of a smart wearable for the customer with a specific traffic pattern. A tailored-to-fit network slice enables the health provider to connect these smart devices efficiently to the cloud.
Concerning the block-diagonal structure of the cyclic shift matrix under generalized discrete orthogonal transformers (1978)

An inductive proof is provided for the block-diagonal structure of the cyclic timee-shift matrix, under various types of generalized orthogonal discrete transforms.
Clinical Science The Effect of an Antibacterial Solution on the Microflora of Human Incipient Fissure Caries (1984)

A technique for collecting various levels of plaque from incipient occlusal fissure caries was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of a solution containing I 2 -KI, CuSO 4 , and ethanol. In comparison with control fissures (n = 6), the treated fissures (n = 9) showed a 98% difference in recoverable bacteria, with the killing of S. mutans, Actinomyces, and lactobacilli appearing to reflect the level of agent penetration.
Distributed Model Predictive Control for Cooperative and Flexible Vehicle Platooning (2018)

This paper investigates the cooperative and flexible vehicle platooning problem in automated highway systems. We formulate the platoon into a dynamically decoupled system and address the flexible platooning problem using distributed model predictive control (DMPC) techniques. A two-step noniterative DMPC strategy is proposed that sequentially solves local components of a constrained optimal control problem over two batches of vehicle clusters based on intervehicle communication. By introducing the clustering procedure, the proposed DMPC scheme only requires compatibility constraints of common neighbors of two adjacent vehicle clusters. With the two-step DMPC scheme, stability of the overall closed-loop system is guaranteed by a series of linear matrix inequalities that can be efficiently solved in practical applications. Collision-free properties are addressed using coupled state constraints together with terminal sets during a cooperation procedure. Simulations of flexible platooning are conducted for both joining and leaving events to show the effectiveness of the two-step DMPC scheme.
All you need to know about model predictive control for buildings (2020)

It has been proven that advanced building control, like model predictive control (MPC), can notably reduce the energy use and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. However, despite intensive research efforts, the practical applications are still in the early stages. There is a growing need for multidisciplinary education on advanced control methods in the built environment to be accessible for a broad range of researchers and practitioners with different engineering backgrounds. This paper provides a unified framework for model predictive building control technology with focus on the real-world applications. From a theoretical point of view, this paper presents an overview of MPC formulations for building control, modeling paradigms and model types, together with algorithms necessary for real-life implementation. The paper categorizes the most notable MPC problem classes, links them with corresponding solution techniques, and provides an overview of methods for mitigation of the uncertainties for increased performance and robustness of MPC. From a practical point of view, this paper delivers an elaborate classification of the most important modeling, co-simulation, optimal control design, and optimization techniques, tools, and solvers suitable to tackle the MPC problems in the context of building climate control. On top of this, the paper presents the essential components of a practical implementation of MPC such as different control architectures and nuances of communication infrastructures within supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. The paper draws practical guidelines with a generic workflow for implementation of MPC in real buildings aimed for contemporary adopters of this technology. Finally, the importance of standardized performance assessment and methodology for comparison of different building control algorithms is discussed.
Hard chrome coatings deposited by physical vapour deposition (1983)

Coatings of pure chromium and of carbon- or nitrogen-doped chromium have been prepared by cathodic magnetron sputtering of a Cr target in atmospheres of argon, argon and methane, or argon and nitrogen. The Cr:C und Cr:N coutings have microhardnesses up to 3500 HV (50 g) and possess fretting-wear, fatigue, and corrosion properties superior to those of electrolytic hard chrome. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of supersaturated solid solutions of C and N in Cr for concentrations of C and N up to several weight percent, with no detectable nitride or carbide formation as would have been expected from binary Cr-C and Cr-N phase diagrams.
Development of enzyme immunoassay for the detection of triazine herbicides (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDevelopment of enzyme immunoassay for the detection of triazine herbicidesBohn Dunbar, Bruce Riggle, and Gordon NiswenderCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 2, 433–437Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00092a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00092a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulindac Inhibits the Rate of Growth and Appearance of Colon Tumors in the Rat (1991)

Sulindac (cis-5-fluoro-2-methyl-1-[p-(methylsulfinyl) benzylidene] indene-3-acetic acid), an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis, has been reported to cause regression of colon polyps in patients with familial polyposis coli and Gardner's syndrome. We examined the effect of sulindac on the growth of primary colon carcinomas in rats. Colon tumors were induced in 18 rats by repeated subcutaneous administration of dimethylhydrazine. The site and diameter of each tumor were measured via laparotomy and colonoscopy. Rats were randomized to receive either sulindac (10 mg/kg) twice daily or vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose). After 4 weeks of treatment, the site and size of tumors in the colon were again recorded. In eight rats receiving sulindac, no new tumors were identified, while in 10 control rats, 13 additional tumors were found after treatment. There was a significantly greater increase in size of the tumors in the control group (56.4 mm for 26 tumors) compared with the rats receiving sulindac (9.3 mm for 14 tumors). We report that sulindac inhibits the rate of development and the rate of growth of colon tumors in the rat.
Hyperpolarized Magnetic Resonance as a Sensitive Detector of Metabolic Function (2014)

Hyperpolarized magnetic resonance allows for noninvasive measurements of biochemical reactions in vivo. Although this technique provides a unique tool for assaying enzymatic activities in intact organs, the scope of its application is still elusive for the wider scientific community. The purpose of this review is to provide key principles and parameters to guide the researcher interested in adopting this technology to address a biochemical, biomedical, or medical issue. It is presented in the form of a compendium containing the underlying essential physical concepts as well as suggestions to help assess the potential of the technique within the framework of specific research environments. Explicit examples are used to illustrate the power as well as the limitations of hyperpolarized magnetic resonance.
Real-time watercolor painting on a distributed paper model (2004)

Current watercolor painting systems produce convincing results, but trade this quality for a simulation that is much too slow for interactive use. We describe the implementation of a paper model that allows for real-time creation of watercolor images by simulating the mechanics of pigment and water throughout a three-layer paper model. In order to keep the simulation real-time while painting on large surfaces, we adopt a distributed paper canvas by dividing it in a grid of subpapers, each of which is delegated to a remote process.
Battery aging estimation with deep learning (2017)

Battery Management System (BMS) is a critical component in EV (Electric Vehicle) powertrains. The precise knowledge of the battery's state of health and capacity impacts the estimation and control strategies of many other EV components. Current battery aging models are physics-based and complex, with limited capability to run in real-time. In this paper, we apply deep learning techniques to design an estimator of battery capacity using a combination of virtual and real battery data, and which can be run in real-time on the EV ECU. The estimator is implemented in an Amesim model of the EV powertrain and experimental results of its performance with standard drive cycles are demonstrated.
The mechanism of the pyruvate, phosphate dikinase reaction. (1968)

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...
Assessment of the Molecular Weight Distribution of Tannin Fractions through MALDI-TOF MS Analysis of Protein−Tannin Complexes (2007)

An innovative mass spectrometry method was developed for determining mass distributions of tannin fractions that cannot be approached through direct MALDI-TOF analysis. It was applied to three procyanidin fractions with average degrees of polymerizations = 3, 9, and 28, respectively, and one gallotannin fraction (Tara tannin). The proposed approach consists of MALDI-TOF analysis of the soluble complexes formed between these tannin fractions and bovine serum albumin (BSA). Complexes were detected as an unresolved "hump" following the BSA signal, and spectra were mathematically processed to determine the parameters relative to the protein-tannin complexes, which are the number-average molecular weight (Mn), the weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and the polydispersity index (PI) for each tannin fraction. Regarding condensed tannins, results are consistent with those of the standard method (thiolysis followed by HPLC separation) for all tested fractions. The method was successfully applied to a hydrolyzable tannin fraction but no standard method is available for comparison.
Resonance excitation of spin waves in ferroelectric/ferromagnets by oscillations of ferroelectric domain walls in an alternating electric field (1994)

Abstract The problem of the excitation of spin waves by oscillations of ferroelectric domain walls (in an alternating electric field) in ferroelectric/ferromagnets is considered. First the situation is studied where the equilibrium state of the magnetic subsystem is homogeneous. It is shown that due to the influence of the magnetic subsystem on the dynamics of ferroelectric domain walls in the ferroelectric subsystem the amplitude of the generated spin waves can be considerably enhanced at some definite frequency. The second situation considered is one where the excitation of spin waves takes place in ferroelectric/ ferromagnets containing both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic domain walls which form a bound state in which they oscillate relative to one another with frequency ω0. It is shown that the existence of a bound state leads to the fact that the frequency dependence of ferroelectric domain wall oscillations in an alternating electric field has resonance shape. If the frequency ω0 lies in the spin wave region the same will be true also for the frequency dependence of the spin wave amplitude. Key Words: Ferroelectric/ferromagnetspin wavesdomain wallresonance excitationbound state.
Monocyclic<scp>l</scp>-Nucleosides with Type 1 Cytokine-Inducing Activity (2000)

A series of 1,2,4-triazole L-nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to stimulate type 1 cytokine production by activated human T cells in direct comparison to the known active agent ribavirin. Among the compounds prepared, 1-beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (5, ICN 17261) was found to be the most uniformly potent compound. Conversion of the 3-carboxamide group of 5 to a carboxamidine functionality resulted in 1-beta-L-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamidine hydrochloride (10), which induced cytokine levels comparable to 5 for two of the three type 1 cytokines examined. Modification of the carbohydrate moiety of 5 provided compounds of reduced activity. Significantly, ICN 17261 offers interesting immunomodulatory potential for the treatment of diseases where type 1 cytokines play an important role.
Synthesizing near-optimal malware specifications from suspicious behaviors (2013)

Behavior-based detection techniques are a promising solution to the problem of malware proliferation. However, they require precise specifications of malicious behavior that do not result in an excessive number of false alarms, while still remaining general enough to detect new variants before traditional signatures can be created and distributed. In this paper, we present an automatic technique for extracting optimally discriminative specifications, which uniquely identify a class of programs. Such a discriminative specification can be used by a behavior-based malware detector. Our technique, based on graph mining and stochastic optimization, scales to large classes of programs. When this work was originally published, the technique yielded favorable results on malware targeted towards workstations (∼86% detection rates on new malware). We believe that it can be brought to bear on emerging malware-based threats for new platforms, and discuss several promising avenues for future work in this direction.
Creating a Single-Visit, Fibre-Reinforced, Composite Resin Bridge by Using a Natural Tooth Pontic: A Viable Alternative to a PFM Bridge (2013)

The procedure was completed at the chair side, thereby avoiding the laboratory costs. A two year follow up of the cases has shown a successful outcome. Creating an adhesive FRC bridge by using a natural tooth pontic is a successful treatment option for the direct aesthetic replacement of missing anterior teeth.