gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), mitogen-activated protein kinase and casein kinase in the cell nucleus: a possible role in the regulation of gene expression (1997)

After insulin receptor activation, many cytoplasmic enzymes, including mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, MAP kinase kinase (MEK) and casein kinase II (CKII) are activated, but exactly how insulin signalling progresses to the nucleus remains poorly understood. In Chinese hamster ovary cells overexpressing human insulin receptors [CHO(Hirc)], MEK, CKII and the MAP kinases ERK I and ERK II can be detected by immunoblotting in the nucleus, as well as in the cytoplasm, in the unstimulated state. Nuclear localization of MAP kinase is also observed in 3T3-F442A adipocytes, NIH-3T3 cells and Fao hepatoma cells, whereas MEK is found in the nucleus only in Fao and CHO cells. Insulin treatment for 5-30 min induces a translocation of MEK from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, whereas the MAP kinases and CKII are not translocated into the nucleus in response to insulin during this period. However, nuclear MAP kinase and CKII activities increase by 2-3-fold within 1-10 min after stimulation with insulin. By using gel-shift assays, it has been shown that insulin also stimulates nuclear protein binding to an AP-1 site with kinetics similar to MEK translocation and MAP kinase and CKII activation. Treatment of the extracts in vitro with protein phosphatase 2A or treatment of the intact cells with 5, 6-dichloro-1-beta-d-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole, a cell-permeable inhibitor of CKII, almost completely blocks the insulin-induced DNA-binding activity, whereas incubation of cells with a MEK inhibitor produces only a slight decrease. These results suggest that insulin signalling results in the activation of serine kinases in the nucleus via two pathways: (1) insulin stimulates the nuclear translocation of some kinases, such as MEK, which might directly phosphorylate nuclear protein substrates or activate other nuclear kinases, and (2) insulin activates nuclear kinases without translocation. The latter is true of CKII, which seems to regulate the binding of nuclear proteins to the AP-1 site, possibly by phosphorylation of AP-1 transcription factors.
Semi-Supervised Learning with Measure Propagation (2011)

We propose a new objective for graph-based semi-supervised learning based on minimizing the Kullback-Leibler divergence between discrete probability measures that encode class mem-bership probabilities. We show how the proposed objective can be efficiently optimized using alternating minimization. We prove that the alternating minimization procedure converges to the correct optimum and derive a simple test for convergence. In addition, we show how this approach can be scaled to solve the semi-supervised learning problem on very large data sets, e.g., in one instance we use a data set with over 108 samples. In this context, we propose a graph node ordering algorithm that is also applicable to other graph-based SSL approaches. We compare the proposed approach against other standard SSL algorithms on the SSL benchmark data sets [17], and other real-world tasks such as text classification on Reuters and WebKB, speech phone classification on TIMIT and Switchboard, and linguistic dialog-act tagging on Dihana and Switchboard. In each case, the proposed approach outperforms the state-of-the-art. Lastly, we show that our objective can be generalized into a form that includes the standard squared-error loss, and we prove a geometric rate of convergence in that case. 1
Pichia cellobiosa, Candida cariosilignicola, and Candida succiphila, New Species of Methanol-Assimilating Yeasts (1980)

In the course of a taxonomic study of methanol-assimilating yeasts, a number of isolates were obtained from various natural habitats in Japan, and from these three new species, Pichia cellobiosa, Candida cariosilignicola, and Candida succiphila, have been described. P. cellobiosa differs from the related species Pichia castillae with respect to fermentation and assimilation of sugars, biotin requirement for growth, and lower maximum temperature for growth. C. cariosilignicola differs from the related species Torulopsis apicola and Torulopsis bombicola with respect to assimilation of sugars and proton magnetic resonance spectra of cell wall mannans. C. succiphila is similar to C. cariosilignicola but differs from it with respect to fermentation and assimilation of sugars, lower maximum temperature for growth, higher deoxyribonucleic acid base composition, and proton magnetic resonance spectra of cell wall mannans. The type strains of these new species are KL 1 (=IAM 12481), KL 24 (=IAM 12484), and KL 30 (=IAM 12489), respectively. Cultures of the type strains have been deposited in the Institute of Applied Microbiology Culture Collection Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, and the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan.
Insulators of higher eukaryotes: Properties, mechanisms of action, and role in transcriptional regulation (2006)

One of the dogmas of transcriptional regulation in higher eukaryotes suggests the existence of transcriptional domains with no promoter-enhancer interactions between them. Specific regulatory elements, known as insulators, block the interaction between an enhancer and a promoter. Insulators are believed to act as transcription domain boundaries. The review considers general properties of well-known insulators identified in Drosophila and vertebrates. The mechanism of action of insulators and their role in the regulation of gene expression are discussed on the basis of available information.
Overproduction of Three Genes Leads to Camphor Resistance and Chromosome Condensation in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1996)

We isolated and characterized three genes, crcA, cspE and crcB, which when present in high copy confer camphor resistance on a cell and suppress mutations in the chromosomal partition gene mukB. Both phenotypes require the same genes. Unlike chromosomal camphor resistant mutants, high copy number crcA, cspE and crcB do not result in an increase in the ploidy of the cells. The cspE gene has been previously identified as a cold shock-like protein with homologues in all organisms tested. We also demonstrate that camphor causes the nucleoids to decondense in vivo and when the three genes are present in high copy, the chromosomes do not decondense. Our results implicate camphor and mukB mutations as interfering with chromosome condensation and high copy crcA, cspE and crcB as promoting or protecting chromosome folding.
Face recognition using eigenfaces (2002)

An approach to the detection and identification of human faces is presented, and a working, near-real-time face recognition system which tracks a subject's head and then recognizes the person by comparing characteristics of the face to those of known individuals is described. This approach treats face recognition as a two-dimensional recognition problem, taking advantage of the fact that faces are normally upright and thus may be described by a small set of 2-D characteristic views. Face images are projected onto a feature space ('face space') that best encodes the variation among known face images. The face space is defined by the 'eigenfaces', which are the eigenvectors of the set of faces; they do not necessarily correspond to isolated features such as eyes, ears, and noses. The framework provides the ability to learn to recognize new faces in an unsupervised manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Planning with Action Abstraction and Plan Decomposition Hierarchies (2006)

Useful and suitable action representations, with accompanying planning algorithms are crucial for the task performance of many agent systems, and thus a core issue of research on intelligent agents. An efficient and expressive representation of actions and plans can allow planning systems to retrieve relevant knowledge faster and to access and use suitable actions more effectively. Two general approaches have been pursued in the past; STRIPS-based planners, which construct plans from scratch, based on primitive action descriptions and planners using pre-defined Plan Decompositions Hierarchies, also known as Hierarchical Task Networks. In our research, we integrated both an inheritance hierarchy of actions, using STRIPS-like action descriptions, with a plan decomposition hierarchy, which consists of pre-defined plan schemata. This combination is suitable for a richer action and plan representation, and thus an improved planning algorithm. We implemented and tested this approach for a prototypical example application: the travel planning domain.
Silicone Fluid Manufacture (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicone Fluid ManufactureReuben. GutoffCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1957, 49, 11, 1807–1811Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50575a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50575a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Mobile Sentiment Analysis (2012)

Mobile devices play a significant part in a user&rsquo;s communication methods and much data that they read and write is received and sent via mobile phones, for instance SMS messages, e-mails, Twitter tweets and social media networking feeds. One of the main goals is to make people aware of how much negative and positive content they read and write via their mobile phones. Existing sentiment analysis applications perform sentiment analysis on downloaded data from mobile phones or use an application installed on another computer to perform the analysis. The sentiment analysis described in this paper is to be performed locally on the mobile phone enabling immediate and private analysis of personal messages and social media contents, allowing the users to be able to reason about their mood and stress level that may be affected by what they had been receiving. Experimental results showed the effectiveness of the proposed system on Android smartphones with varying computational capabilities.
Test signal generation for the calibration of analog front-end circuits in biopotential measurement applications (2014)

A test signal generator to calibrate analog front-ends for biopotential measurements is presented. The integrated signal generator enables detection of the input impedance at the front-end instrumentation amplifier based on current injection and amplitude detection. It can generate picoampere currents while ensuring a high output impedance of 2.9GΩ up to 100Hz. The test signal generator was designed and simulated in 0.13μm CMOS technology and it consists of a temperature-compensated relaxation oscillator, a frequency divider, a limiter, and an operational transconductance amplifier.
Automatic modeling of file system workloads using two-level arrival processes (1998)

This article describes a method for analyzing, modeling, and simulating a two-level arrival-counting process. This method is particlarly appropriate when the number of independent processes is large, as is the case in our motivating application which requires analyzing and representing computer file system trace data for activity on nearly 8,000 files. The method is also applicable to network trace data characterizing communication patterns between pairs of computers. We apply cluster analysis to separate the arrival process into groups or bursts of activity on a file. We then characterize the arrival procss in terms of the time between bursts of activity on file, the time between file events within bursts, and the number of events in a burst. Finally, we model these three components individually, then reassemble the results to produce a synthetic trace generator. In order to gauge the effectiveness of this method, we use synthetically generated (simulated) trace data produced in this way to drive a discrete-event simulation of a distributed replicated file system. We compare the results of the simulation driven by the synthetic trace with the same simulation driven by the original trace data, and conclude that the synthetic data capture the essential characteristics of the empirical trace.
Decreased sAβPPβ, Aβ <sub>38</sub> , and Aβ <sub>40</sub> Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels in Frontotemporal Dementia (2011)

To improve the etiological diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementias like Alzheimer's disease (AD) or frontotemporal dementia (FTD), we evaluated the value of individual and combined measurements of the following relevant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers: Tau, 181p-Tau, Aβ38, Aβ40, Aβ42, sAβPPα, and sAβPPβ. This study conducted in two centers included patients with FTD (n = 34), AD (n = 52), as well as a control group of persons without dementia (CTRL, n = 42). Identical clinical criteria and pre-analytical conditions were used while CSF biomarkers were measured using commercial single and multiplex quantitative immunoassays. Thorough statistical analyses, including ROC curves, logistic regressions, and decision trees, were performed. We validated in AD the specific increase of p-Tau levels and the decrease of Aβ42 levels, two biological hallmarks of this disease. Tau concentrations were highest in AD and intermediate in FTD when compared to CTRL. The most interesting results were obtained by focusing on amyloid biomarkers as we found out in FTD a significant decrease of sAβPPβ, Aβ38, and Aβ40 levels. Aβ38 in particular was the most useful biomarker to differentiate FTD subjects from the CTRL population. Combining p-Tau and Aβ38 led us to correctly classifying FTD patients with sensitivity at 85% and specificity at 82%. Significant changes in amyloid biomarkers, particularly for Aβ38, are therefore seen in FTD. This could be quite useful for diagnosis purposes and it might provide additional evidence on the interrelationship between Tau and AβPP biology which understanding is essential to progress towards optimal therapeutic and diagnostic approaches of dementia.
Time delay and spatial signature estimation using known asynchronous signals (1998)

This paper considers the problem of estimating the parameters of known signals received asynchronously by an array of antennas. The parameters of primary interest are the time delays of the signals and their spatial signatures at the array. Estimates of the signal directions of arrival are also considered but are of secondary importance in this work. Maximum likelihood algorithms and more computationally efficient approximations are developed for both the case where all received signals are identical (the channel estimation/overlapping echo problem) and where they are all distinct. Conditions are also derived under which the standard matched filter approach yields consistent and statistically efficient parameter estimates. The issue of solution uniqueness is addressed, and in particular, an upper bound on the number of signals whose parameters may be uniquely identified is derived for a number of different cases. Typically, the bound is far greater than the number of sensors and is limited only by the number of data samples collected. Some representative simulation examples are also included to illustrate the algorithms' performance relative to the Cramer-Rao bound.
<title>Road detection and tracking for autonomous mobile robots</title> (2002)

As part of the Army's Demo III project, a sensor-based system has been developed to identify roads and to enable a mobile robot to drive along them. A ladar sensor, which produces range images, and a color camera are used in conjunction to locate the road surface and its boundaries. Sensing is used to constantly update an internal world model of the road surface. The world model is used to predict the future position of the road and to focus the attention of the sensors on the relevant regions in their respective images. The world model also determines the most suitable algorithm for locating and tracking road features in the images based on the current task and sensing information. The planner uses information from the world model to determine the best path for the vehicle along the road. Several different algorithms have been developed and tested on a diverse set of road sequences. The road types include some paved roads with lanes, but most of the sequences are of unpaved roads, including dirt and gravel roads. The algorithms compute various features of the road images including smoothness in the world model map and in the range domain, and color features and texture in the color domain. Performance in road detection and tracking are described and examples are shown of the system in action.
Enhanced Astrocytic Ca<sup>2+</sup>Signals Contribute to Neuronal Excitotoxicity after Status Epilepticus (2007)

Status epilepticus (SE), an unremitting seizure, is known to cause a variety of traumatic responses including delayed neuronal death and later cognitive decline. Although excitotoxicity has been implicated in this delayed process, the cellular mechanisms are unclear. Because our previous brain slice studies have shown that chemically induced epileptiform activity can lead to elevated astrocytic Ca2+ signaling and because these signals are able to induce the release of the excitotoxic transmitter glutamate from these glia, we asked whether astrocytes are activated during status epilepticus and whether they contribute to delayed neuronal death in vivo. Using two-photon microscopy in vivo, we show that status epilepticus enhances astrocytic Ca2+ signals for 3 d and that the period of elevated glial Ca2+ signaling is correlated with the period of delayed neuronal death. To ask whether astrocytes contribute to delayed neuronal death, we first administered antagonists which inhibit gliotransmission: MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine], a metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonist that blocks astrocytic Ca2+ signals in vivo, and ifenprodil, an NMDA receptor antagonist that reduces the actions of glial-derived glutamate. Administration of these antagonists after SE provided significant neuronal protection raising the potential for a glial contribution to neuronal death. To test this glial hypothesis directly, we loaded Ca2+ chelators selectively into astrocytes after status epilepticus. We demonstrate that the selective attenuation of glial Ca2+ signals leads to neuronal protection. These observations support neurotoxic roles for astrocytic gliotransmission in pathological conditions and identify this process as a novel therapeutic target.
How do novel molecular genetic markers influence treatment decisions in acute myeloid leukemia? (2012)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia diagnosed in adults, and the majority of patients with AML die from relapsed disease. Although many studies over the past 4 decades have identified disease alleles in AML, recent genome-wide and candidate gene studies have identified additional recurrent somatic mutations in AML patients with biologic, clinical, and therapeutic importance. Herein we review our current understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of AML and discuss how mutational profiling can be used to refine prognostication in AML and to inform therapeutic approaches. We also review the current challenges in translating genomic studies to the clinical setting, which remains a significant challenge and an urgent priority.
Micelle-assisted protein folding. Denatured rhodanese binding to cardiolipin-containing lauryl maltoside micelles results in slower refolding kinetics but greater enzyme reactivation. (1992)

Unfolded (inactive) rhodanese (thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase, EC 2.8.1.1) can be reactivated in the presence of detergents, e.g. lauryl maltoside (LM). Here, we report the reactivation of urea-unfolded rhodanese in the presence of mixed micelles containing LM and the anionic mitochondrial phospholipid, cardiolipin (CL). Reactivation times increased as the number of CL molecules/micelle was increased. A maximum of 94% of the activity was recovered at 2.2 CL/micelle. Only 71% of the activity was recovered in the absence of CL. The major zwitterionic mitochondrial phospholipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC), had no effect on the LM-assisted reactivation of rhodanese. Size exclusion chromatography showed that denatured, but not native, rhodanese apparently binds to micellar amounts of LM and CL/LM, but not to PC/LM micelles. The lifetime of the enzyme-micelle complex increased with the number of CL molecules/micelle. Furthermore, chromatographic fractions containing micelle-bound enzyme had no activity, while renatured rhodanese-containing fractions were active. These results suggest that transient complexes form between enzyme and both LM and CL/LM micelles, and that this complex formation may be necessary for reactivation. For CL/LM micelles, interactions may occur between the positively charged amino-terminal sequence of rhodanese and the negatively charged CL phosphate. Finally, this work shows that there are similarities between "micelle-assisted" and chaperonin-assisted rhodanese refolding.
Edge Structure of Reynolds Stress and Poloidal Flow on the HL-1M Tokamak (2001)

The measurement on radial profile of electrostatic Reynolds stress, plasma poloidal rotations, radial and poloidal electric field have been performed in the plasma boundary region of the HL-1M Tokamak using a multi-array of Mach/Langmuir probes. In the experiments of Lower Hybrid Current Drive (LHCD), Supersonic Molecular Beam Injection (SMBI), Multi-shot Pellet Injection (MPI) and Neutral Beam Injection (NBI), the correlation between the Reynolds stress and poloidal flow in the edge plasma is presented. The results indicate that a sheared poloidal flow can be generated in Tokamak plasma due to radially varying Reynolds stress.