gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Association between Cerebrovascular Disease and Smoking: A Case-Control Study (1986)

A retrospective case-control study was carried out to examine the relationship between cigarette smoking and cerebrovascular disease occurrence. Cases were obtained from the University of California-American Heart Association, San Diego Stroke Data Bank, and controls from selected Veterans Administration and University of California, San Diego, outpatient departments. When cigarette smoking was dichotomously coded into categories of low and high lifetime exposure, consistent significant positive associations were found with cerebrovascular disease occurrence in both bivariate and multivariate analysis when controlling for blood pressure. These associations, however, were not found when smoking was categorized as smoker, ex-smoker, and non-smoker. No association was found between passive smoking and cerebrovascular disease. The results indicate that a cumulative lifetime exposure to active cigarette smoking is directly associated with cerebrovascular disease.
Field Response of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Its Aggregation Pheromone and Fermenting Plant Volatiles (1994)

Robin M. Giblin-Davis, Thomas J. Weissling, A. C. Oehlschlager, Lilliana M. Gonzalez, Field Response of Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to Its Aggregation Pheromone and Fermenting Plant Volatiles, The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 77, No. 1 (Mar., 1994), pp. 164-177
Synthesis of core‐shell silver–polyaniline nanocomposites by gamma radiolysis method (2007)

Abstract Core‐shell silver (Ag)–polyaniline (PAni) nanocomposites have been synthesized by the in‐situ gamma radiation‐induced chemical polymerization method. Aqueous solution of aniline, a free‐radical oxidant, and/or silver metal salt were irradiated by γ‐rays. Reduction of the silver salt in aqueous aniline leads to the formation of silver nanoparticles which in turn catalyze oxidation of aniline to polyaniline. The resultant Ag‐PAni nanocomposites were characterized by using different spectroscopy analyses like X‐ray photoelectron, UV–visible, and infrared spectroscopy. The optical absorption bands revealed that the bands at about 400 nm are due to the presence of nanosilver and the blue‐shifted peak at ∼ 555 nm is due to the presence of metallic silver within the PAni matrix. X‐ray diffraction pattern clearly indicates the broad amorphous polymer and the sharp metal peaks. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the nanocomposite showed a uniform size distribution with spherical and granular morphology. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the composites have a higher degradation temperature than polyaniline alone. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5741–5747, 2007
Cleaner industrial processes using hydrogen peroxide (2000)

Abstract Recent research progress in catalytic systems for potential use with hydrogen peroxide in industrial chemical synthesis is reviewed, with special focus on work published in the last five years. The main types of chemistry employed are critically appraised regarding their suitability for industrial exploitation. The most significant catalyst types are discussed in terms of the positive features identified to date, and the obstacles yet to be surmounted in order to become more widely adopted. It is believed that fully inorganic systems have more scope for commercialization than those containing organic ligands or supports, however robust. Critical targets are larger-pore analogs of titanium silicalite TS-1, more exploration of smectite-based materials, effective immobilization of activated metal peroxo systems, and improvements in design and manipulation of polyoxometallate compounds. Cooperation between branches of chemistry that have not traditionally worked closely together is advocated.
Open Loop Position Control of Soft Continuum Arm Using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Soft robots undergo large nonlinear spatial deformations due to both inherent actuation and external loading. The physics underlying these deformations is complex, and often requires intricate analytical and numerical models. The complexity of these models may render traditional model-based control difficult and unsuitable. Model-free methods offer an alternative for analyzing the behavior of such complex systems without the need for elaborate modeling techniques. In this paper, we present a model-free approach for open loop position control of a soft spatial continuum arm, based on deep reinforcement learning. The continuum arm is pneumatically actuated and attains a spatial work-space by a combination of unidirectional bending and bidirectional torsional deformation. We use Deep-Q Learning with experience replay to train the system in simulation. The efficacy and robustness of the control policy obtained from the system is validated both in simulation and on the continuum arm prototype for varying external loading conditions.
Session MP4b: Resource allocation in wireless networks (2011)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
<b>Studies on Polynucleotides. XX.</b><sup>1</sup> <b>Amino Acid Acceptor Ribonucleic Acids (1). The Synthesis and Properties of 2″ (or 3″)-<b><i>O</i></b>-(DL-Phenylalanyl)-adenosine, 2″ (or 3″)-<b><i>O</i></b>-(DL-Phenylalanyl)-uridine and Related Compounds</b><sup>2</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Polynucleotides. XX.1Amino Acid Acceptor Ribonucleic Acids (1). The Synthesis and Properties of 2″ (or 3″)-O-(DL-Phenylalanyl)-adenosine, 2″ (or 3″)-O-(DL-Phenylalanyl)-uridine and Related Compounds2D. H. Rammler and H. G. KhoranaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 13, 1997–2002Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00896a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00896a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cost-based replacement policy for multimedia proxy across wireless Internet (2002)

The multimedia proxy plays an important role in media streaming applications. In this paper, we propose an architecture for a multimedia proxy across the wireless Internet. By considering multiple objectives of the multimedia proxy, we design a unified cost metric to measure proxy performance in the wireless Internet. Furthermore, we propose a cost-based replacement policy for the wireless Internet to improve performance such as throughput, media quality, and startup delay. Simulation results demonstrate that our policy achieves significantly better performance than the conventional replacement policy.
AUTOMATED COLLISION NOTIFICATION (ACN) FIELD OPERATIONAL TEST (FOT) EVALUATION REPORT (2001)

The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory conducted the Independent Evaluation of the Automated Collision Notification (ACN) Field Operational Test (FOT) for the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. The goal of ACN is to use technology to provide faster and smarter emergency medical responses in an attempt to save lives and reduce disabilities from injuries. To attain this goal an ACN system should automatically determine that a motor vehicle has been in a collision, notify emergency response personnel of the collision and the vehicle location, provide information concerning the crash, and establish a voice link between the vehicle and emergency response personnel. Information that might be provided about the crash includes estimates of crash severity and the probability of serious injury. The purpose of the ACN FOT was to demonstrate the feasibility of fielding an ACN system and the benefits of an ACN system to victims of motor vehicle crashes. The ACN FOT was initiated in October 1995 with the first installations of ACN systems in vehicles starting in June of 1997. This report evaluates the results of the ACN FOT using data collected through the end of the test period in August of 2000. The ACN FOT and current activity in the commercial marketplace have demonstrated that the development and deployment of ACN systems is technically feasible. The potential benefits of an ACN system result from reduced public safety answering point (PSAP) notification times, improved knowledge of the vehicle location, and estimates of crash severity and the probability of serious injury.
Causality and explanations in databases (2014)

With the surge in the availability of information, there is a great demand for tools that assist users in understanding their data. While today's exploration tools rely mostly on data visualization, users often want to go deeper and understand the underlying causes of a particular observation. This tutorial surveys research on causality and explanation for data-oriented applications. We will review and summarize the research thus far into causality and explanation in the database and AI communities, giving researchers a snapshot of the current state of the art on this topic, and propose a unified framework as well as directions for future research. We will cover both the theory of causality/explanation and some applications; we also discuss the connections with other topics in database research like provenance, deletion propagation, why-not queries, and OLAP techniques.
<title>Correlation of chemical structure and refractive index dispersion of abnormal optical liquids</title> (1993)

It has been demonstrated recently that high performance apochromatic lenses and objectives can be designed using optical liquids that have abnormal dispersion properties. This has opened the way to low cost apochromatic objectives with optical quality equivalent to lenses using Calcium Fluoride and which are superior in other ways as well (reduced scattering, for example). This paper describes a study on correlating the refractive index dispersion of optical liquids to their chemical structures. The ultimate goal is to establish an understanding of how different chemical moieties affect optical properties of organic liquids.
Levels of phospholipid catabolic intermediates, glycerophosphocholine and glycerophosphoethanolamine, are elevated in brains of Alzheimer's disease but not of Down's syndrome patients (1990)

Concentrations of glycerophosphocholine and of glycerophosphoethanolamine, the metabolites of two major membrane phospholipid classes, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine respectively, were determined post-mortem in cortical areas 20 and 40 and in cerebellum and caudate nucleus of brains obtained at autopsy from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Down's syndrome and age-matched control subjects. Glycerophosphocholine concentrations in all of the brain regions examined were higher by 67-150% in Alzheimer's disease than in control brains and 81-104% higher in Alzheimer's disease than in Down's syndrome. Glycerophosphoethanolamine concentrations were 21-52% higher in Alzheimer's disease than in controls, and 27-92% higher in Alzheimer's disease than Down's syndrome. Levels of glycerophosphocholine and of glycerophosphoethanolamine did not differ significantly between Down's syndrome and control brains. These data indicate that abnormal phospholipid metabolism in brain is characteristic of Alzheimer's disease but not Down's syndrome and suggest that this abnormality may be a central pathophysiological feature of Alzheimer's disease because levels of glycerophosphocholine and of glycerophosphoethanolamine are elevated in brain regions with and without manifestations of histopathology.
Human apolipoprotein A-IV: displacement from the surface of triglyceride-rich particles by HDL2-associated C-apoproteins. (1985)

Human apolipoprotein A-IV rapidly dissociates from the surface of lymph chylomicrons following their entry into circulation by an unknown mechanism. We have therefore investigated the binding of human apoA-IV to triglyceride-rich particles and the interaction of these apoA-IV/lipid complexes with human HDL2. Human apoA-IV was purified from lipoprotein depleted serum (J. Lipid Res. 1983. 24:52-59). Triglyceride-rich particles of well-defined properties were isolated from Intralipid, a commercially available phospholipid-triglyceride emulsion. Various concentrations of radiolabeled human apoA-IV were incubated at 24 degrees C with a fixed quantity of lipid particles; the particles were reisolated by centrifugation, and bound and free apoA-IV were quantitated. In 50 mM Tris, pH 7.4, apoA-IV bound to the triglyceride-rich particles in a non-cooperative manner, with a Kd of 2.0 microM. The calculated maximal binding was 4.96 X 10(-4) mol of apoA-IV bound per mol of phospholipid. The addition of increasing amounts of human HDL2 to the incubations caused the progressive dissociation of apoA-IV from the triglyceride-rich particles. Analysis of the reisolated particles by isoelectric focusing demonstrated the presence of C-apoproteins, suggesting their transfer from HDL2. Addition of purified apoC-III-1 to the incubations at concentrations equivalent to those present in HDL2 caused a similar dissociation of apoA-IV. HDL2 was modified to selectively remove C-apoproteins, without alteration of other physical characteristics. This modified HDL2 was four times less effective in causing apoA-IV dissociation. These results demonstrate that the lipid binding properties of human apoA-IV may be quantitatively examined using triglyceride-rich particles as model chylomicrons. This approach reproduces in vitro the dissociation of apoA-IV that occurs in vivo when mesenteric lymph chylomicrons enter the circulation, and suggests that the primary mechanism for this phenomenon is the transfer of C-apoproteins from high density lipoproteins to the triglyceride-rich particle surface. We hypothesize that this mechanism may play an important role in the modulation of chylomicron apoA-IV content in man.
UHF photoparametric amplifier (1966)

Measurements on a degenerate UHF photoparametric amplifier using an optical signal modulated at 690 MHz have confirmed the 3 dB noise figure predicted by Penfield and Sawyer. The silicon photoparametric diode served as both the photodetector and varactor and was novel in several respects: the conductivity sequence was p-v-n-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> in contrast to the usual p-v-n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> conventionally used for microwave photodiodes; and the diode was designed to be illuminated parallel to the p-v junction. Such a structure has an inherently high Q and features are extended optical response (quantum efficiency ≈ 10 percent at 1.06 µ), coupled with good UHF photodetection behavior, when used either as a simple (unpumped) photodiode or as a photoparametric diode.
Quantum Dash mode-locked laser for millimeter-wave Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillator (2007)

Quantum Dash active region Fabry-Perot lasers emitting at 1.55 mum with no absorbing section have been evaluated as optical source for microwave signal generation. These devices self pulsate at 39.9 GHz with a linewidth below 10 kHz, making it suitable for integration into an opto-electronic oscillator without any electrical narrow-band filter. Integration of these devices into an Opto-Electronic Oscillator has been performed with very promising phase noise reduction performances.
Pooling of sera for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing: an economical method for use in developing countries. (1988)

To determine whether donated blood samples in African countries could be pooled, then tested for the presence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies with a single test without loss of accuracy, a single test on five pooled samples was used, followed by individual testing of positive pools. This resulted in no loss of either sensitivity or specificity. Pooling 10 samples resulted in a loss of sensitivity for low antibody titre specimens. Pooling reduced the costs of screening by 70% and time needed for analysis. It is concluded that pooling of five samples for HIV screening may result in a substantial reduction in costs; in countries where the prevalence of HIV is higher than the 2-3% found in Zimbabwean donors, however, savings may not be as great.
Correlates of Children and Parents Being Physically Active Together (2010)

The majority of respondents reported participating in co-physical activity, and multiple sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial correlates were significantly associated with co-physical activity. This study provides insight for physical activity interventions that might involve parents.
Chk2-dependent HuR phosphorylation regulates occludin mRNA translation and epithelial barrier function (2011)

Occludin is a transmembrane tight junction (TJ) protein that plays an important role in TJ assembly and regulation of the epithelial barrier function, but the mechanisms underlying its post-transcriptional regulation are unknown. The RNA-binding protein HuR modulates the stability and translation of many target mRNAs. Here, we investigated the role of HuR in the regulation of occludin expression and therefore in the intestinal epithelial barrier function. HuR bound the 3'-untranslated region of the occludin mRNA and enhanced occludin translation. HuR association with the occludin mRNA depended on Chk2-dependent HuR phosphorylation. Reduced HuR phosphorylation by Chk2 silencing or by reduction of Chk2 through polyamine depletion decreased HuR-binding to the occludin mRNA and repressed occludin translation, whereas Chk2 overexpression enhanced (HuR/occludin mRNA) association and stimulated occludin expression. In mice exposed to septic stress induced by cecal ligation and puncture, Chk2 levels in the intestinal mucosa decreased, associated with an inhibition of occludin expression and gut barrier dysfunction. These results indicate that HuR regulates occludin mRNA translation through Chk2-dependent HuR phosphorylation and that this influence is crucial for maintenance of the epithelial barrier integrity in the intestinal tract.
Abundance of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> ssp. <i>hominissuis</i> in soil and dust in Germany - implications for the infection route (2014)

This study was conducted to investigate the ecological abundance of the most prominent clinical nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in Germany, the Mycobacterium avium ssp. hominissuis (MAH). Examination of soil, water, dust and biofilm samples revealed that MAH in Germany was predominant in soil and dust. No MAH was identified in water and biofilms. Our finding contributes to the identification of the environmental niche of this opportunistic pathogen and proposes soil and dust as sources of MAH infection in Germany.
Forebrain mechanisms of nociception and pain: Analysis through imaging (1999)

Pain is a unified experience composed of interacting discriminative, affective-motivational, and cognitive components, each of which is mediated and modulated through forebrain mechanisms acting at spinal, brainstem, and cerebral levels. The size of the human forebrain in relation to the spinal cord gives anatomical emphasis to forebrain control over nociceptive processing. Human forebrain pathology can cause pain without the activation of nociceptors. Functional imaging of the normal human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) shows synaptically induced increases in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in several regions specifically during pain. We have examined the variables of gender, type of noxious stimulus, and the origin of nociceptive input as potential determinants of the pattern and intensity of rCBF responses. The structures most consistently activated across genders and during contact heat pain, cold pain, cutaneous laser pain or intramuscular pain were the contralateral insula and anterior cingulate cortex, the bilateral thalamus and premotor cortex, and the cerebellar vermis. These regions are commonly activated in PET studies of pain conducted by other investigators, and the intensity of the brain rCBF response correlates parametrically with perceived pain intensity. To complement the human studies, we developed an animal model for investigating stimulus-induced rCBF responses in the rat. In accord with behavioral measures and the results of human PET, there is a progressive and selective activation of somatosensory and limbic system structures in the brain and brainstem following the subcutaneous injection of formalin. The animal model and human PET studies should be mutually reinforcing and thus facilitate progress in understanding forebrain mechanisms of normal and pathological pain.
Esophageal Ligation: Effects on the Development of Fetal Organic Systems* (1996)

The role of amniotic fluid ingestion on the development of various fetal organic systems was evaluated in the rabbit model. The fetuses from 24 New Zealand white rabbits were studied on the 23rd day of gestation. Right ovarian-end fetuses underwent esophageal ligation (EL) or sham (SH) operations. Rabbits were submitted to hysterectomy on gestational day 30, and various organic systems of live fetuses were examined by weight and histological evaluations. Additionally, small intestinal enzymes were determined. Three fetal deaths, one in EL and two in SH groups, occurred with a total survival rate of 85%. EL resulted in increased amniotic fluid volume. Although fetal body weights (BW), lung, heart, liver and renal weights and liver weight/BW, lung weight/BW ratios did not differ, gastric, small intestinal and total gastrointestinal tract weights significantly decreased in EL group (p < 0.05). Additionally, gastric weight/BW, small intestinal weight/BW, total gastrointestinal tract weight/BW and renal weight/BW ratios were also significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Sucrase and maltase activities were not detectable in either group. Lactase activity in proximal small intestinal tissue was significantly decreased in EL group (p < 0.05). Mid and distal small intestinal tissue lactase activities did not reveal any significant difference among groups. Histologically, alveolar enlargement and alveolar thickening in fetal lungs, decreased glomerular count and tubular degeneration in fetal kidneys, and slight changes in fetal livers such as cellular vacuolization and reduction in central vein count were observed in the fetuses with esophageal ligation. While small intestinal tissues showed no marked changes, fetal stomach tissues in EL group revealed marked histological alterations consistent with erosive gastritis. This study suggests that amniotic fluid ingestion has no important effects on fetal somatic growth but effects the development of various fetal organic systems. Since the nutritional role of amniotic fluid is obscure, changes in amniotic fluid dynamics, and/or impairment of release of some possible fetal organotrophic factors, and/or unused states of the organs may be responsible for the morphologic changes secondary to esophageal ligation.