gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absorption of Lean NO<sub>x</sub> in Aqueous Solutions of NaClO<sub>2</sub> and NaOH (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption of Lean NOx in Aqueous Solutions of NaClO2 and NaOHElzo Sada, Hidehiro Kumazawa, Ichibei Kudo, and Takashi KondoCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1979, 18, 2, 275–278Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260070a017https://doi.org/10.1021/i260070a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Design of Anti-HIV Compounds from Nucleoside to Nucleoside 5-Triphosphate Analogs. Problems and Perspectives (2000)

To date, human immunodeficiency virus infection remains incurable although a variety of antiviral agents have been identified and characterized. Even though nucleoside analogs have been the most successful prodrugs, there remains the need to develop new compounds that exhibit a more favorable toxicity profile, less susceptible to cross-resistance, and greater efficacy. As prodrugs, the nucleoside analogs should be sequentially phosphorylated by cellular kinases to yield triphosphate form before they can inhibit HIV replication at the reverse transcriptase level. The efficiency of phosphorylation of nucleoside analogs is a key factor in their antiviral activity and strongly depends on nucleoside structure and cell type. In recent years, several attempts have been made to improve therapeutic potential of nucleoside analogs by the use of nucleotide prodrugs (pronucleotides), that can avoid the first step of phosphorylation. This review focuses on problems of intracellular phosphorylation of nucleoside analogs and perspectives of developing of a new class of nucleotide analogs modified at phosphate group as a form for the delivery of nucleotide analogs into the cell.
Detection of large rearrangements of exons 13 and 22 in the <i>BRCA1</i> gene in German families: Figure 1 (2002)

The breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 contains an unusually high density (41.5%) of Alu elements.1 The homology between these repetitive Alu sequences can promote ectopic or homotopic homologous recombination. Ectopic homologous recombination, such as that reported in the BRCA1 gene, leads to large genomic rearrangements, which subsequently may cause disease phenotypes. In the BRCA1 gene, a number of different Alu mediated rearrangements, ranging from 510 bp to 23.8 kb, have been found to date.2–13 Two of them, a 510 bp deletion of exon 22 (IVS21-36del510) and a 3835 bp deletion of exon 13 (IVS12-1643del3835), are founder mutations in Dutch breast cancer patients and represent 36% of all BRCA1 mutations in this population.7 An additional recurrent founder mutation, a 6 kb duplication of exon 13 (ins6kbEx13), was detected mainly in English speaking countries.9,14

We tested German families with …
Incorporating Data Link Messaging into a Multi-function Display for General Aviation Aircraft (2006)

One objective of the Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) Project is to increase the capacity and utilization of small non-towered, non-radar equipped airports by transferring traffic management activities to an automated system and separation responsibilities to general aviation (GA) pilots. This paper describes the development of a research multi-function display (MFD) to support the interaction between pilots and an automated Airport Management Module (AMM). Preliminary results of simulation and flight tests indicate that adding the responsibility of monitoring other traffic for self-separation does not increase pilots subjective workload levels. Pilots preferred using the enhanced MFD to execute flight procedures, reporting improved situation awareness over conventional instrument flight rules (IFR) procedures.
HAQu: Hardware-accelerated queueing for fine-grained threading on a chip multiprocessor (2011)

Queues are commonly used in multithreaded programs for synchronization and communication. However, because software queues tend to be too expensive to support finegrained parallelism, hardware queues have been proposed to reduce overhead of communication between cores. Hardware queues require modifications to the processor core and need a custom interconnect. They also pose difficulties for the operating system because their state must be preserved across context switches. To solve these problems, we propose a hardware-accelerated queue, or HAQu. HAQu adds hardware to a CMP that accelerates operations on software queues. Our design implements fast queueing through an application's address space with operations that are compatible with a fully software queue. Our design provides accelerated and OS-transparent performance in three general ways: (1) it provides a single instruction for enqueueing and dequeueing which significantly reduces the overhead when used in fine-grained threading; (2) operations on the queue are designed to leverage low-level details of the coherence protocol; and (3) hardware ensures that the full state of the queue is stored in the application's address space, thereby ensuring virtualization. We have evaluated our design in the context of application domains: offloading fine-grained checks for improved software reliability, and automatic, fine-grained parallelization using decoupled software pipelining.
Sporopollenin micro-reactors for in-situ preparation, encapsulation and targeted delivery of active components (2007)

We report a simple and robust technique for loading of sporopollenin microcapsules from Lycopodium clavatum with a range of inorganic and organic nanomaterials based on in-situ preparation of nanoparticles by a chemical reaction in the sporopollenin interior.
Antibiotic-Induced Alterations of the Murine Gut Microbiota and Subsequent Effects on Colonization Resistance against Clostridium difficile (2015)

The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex community of bacteria, known as the microbiota, which plays an integral role preventing its colonization by gut pathogens. This resistance has been shown to be crucial for protection against Clostridium difficile infections (CDI), which are the leading source of hospital-acquired infections in the United States. Antibiotics are a major risk factor for acquiring CDI due to their effect on the normal structure of the indigenous gut microbiota. We found that diverse antibiotic perturbations gave rise to altered communities that varied in their susceptibility to C. difficile colonization. We found that multiple coexisting populations, not one specific population of bacteria, conferred resistance. By understanding the relationships between C. difficile and members of the microbiota, it will be possible to better manage this important infection.
Visualization of vascular guidewires using MR tracking (1998)

MR tracking of a vascular guidewire sized for a .035-inch (.89-mm) catheter lumen was performed. The guidewire was actively tracked by incorporation of a miniature radiofrequency (RF) receive coil built into its tip. After in vitro validation, simultaneous tracking of the guidewire and a catheter was performed in the aortic and abdominal vessels of a swine at 1.5 T. The ability to track such a small device and the ability to simultaneously track multiple devices are significant steps towards vascular interventions under MR guidance.
Broadband: Business Services, Technologies, and Strategic Impact (1993)

From the Publisher:
Broadband technology is ushering the telecom industry through a unique period of change with profound business implications for suppliers and users. This single source describes the four major broadband technologies that are shaping telecommunications networks: frame relay; optical fiber (including SONET); distributed queue dual bus (DQDB); and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM).
Parylene-C-Coated Indium Tin Oxide Electrodes for the Optical- and Electrical-Impedance Characterization of Cells (2012)

The demand for the label-free and real-time monitoring of biological cells for the diagnosis of diseases and the discovery of new drugs is increasing. The electrical-impedance characterization of cells has been used to quantify in real time the behaviours of biological cells adhered on the gold or platinum microelectrodes. In this article, a parylene-C-coated indium tin oxide (ITO) electrode, which has better transparency than the conventional electrodes, and high biocompatibility, was investigated for the optical- and electrical-impedance characterization of the cell growth. The living cells on the fabricated parylene-C-coated ITO electrode were observed via phase contrast microscopy, which produces high-contrast images of the transparent cells without staining. The electrical properties of the cellular parameters were extrapolated through fitting analysis with the designed equivalent circuit to the measured impedance spectra of the cell-covered electrode. From the experimental results, it was proven that the fabricated parylene-C-coated ITO electrode is feasible for the optical- and electrical-impedance characterization of cell growth.
Das Ende der OSZE-Mission in der Ukraine (1999)

Als erste OSZE-Mission hat die 1994 eingerichtete Mission in der Ukraine am 30.4.1999 ihre Tätigkeit beendet. Schwerpunkt der Missionsaktivitäten waren die Konfliktprävention im Krimkonflikt, der mit dem Inkrafttreten der Krim-Verfassung (Januar 1999) weitgehend geregelt wurde, sowie die interethnischen Beziehungen auf der Halbinsel. Ausschlaggebend für die Beendigung der Mission war der Druck des ukrainischen Außenministeriums, das von Beginn an eine ambivalente Haltung gegenüber der Mission einnahm. Angesichts der enormen Defizite des Landes im Bereich der menschlichen Dimension und der fortbestehenden interethnischen Spannungen auf der Krim erscheint die Entscheidung zur Beendigung jedoch äußerst fragwürdig. Als Ersatz für die Mission wurde am 1.6.1999 das Amt eines OSZE-Projektkoordinators in der Ukraine geschafffen, der allerdings über wesentlich geringere Kompetenzen verfügt. (BIOst-Dok)
Population Size and Radiosensitivity of Murine Hematopoietic Endogenous Long-Term Repopulating Cells (1997)

A new assay is described that measures the numbers (n) of endogenous long-term repopulating cells (eLTRC) surviving sublethal irradiation. The assay is based on analysis of variances of Pgk-1 phenotypes within groups of sublethally irradiated Pgk-1(a/b) mice. When ln n is plotted as a function of dose, the radiosensitivity (D0) is the negative reciprocal of the slope and the gamma-intercept is N or total numbers of eLTRC per mouse. The assay is unique in that N is an absolute value not requiring correction for seeding efficiency, or f. From two independent estimates, total numbers of eLTRC were determined to be 8,700 or 11,900 cells per mouse and D0 was found to be 0.82 or 0.83 Gy. If eLTRC are, in fact, the long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) defined by classical transfer assay, then LTRC can home to the marrow with nearly unit efficiency, only one to two LTRC are required for a mouse to survive a radiation LD50/30, and LTRC possess nearly unlimited self-renewal potential.
Mitochondrial Introgressions into the Nuclear Genome of the Domestic Horse (2009)

The nuclear insertions of mitochondrial DNA (Numts), which originate from the integration of nuclear DNA by mtDNA, are found as molecular fossils in the nuclear genomes of various eukaryotes. Because integrated Numts tend to have a high sequence similarity to genuine organellar mtDNA sequences, inadvertent amplification of Numts can be a nuisance in studies of mtDNA variation. With the availability of the complete domestic horse genome sequence, we present the first comprehensive analysis of genome-wide distribution and frequency of Numts in the nuclear genome of domestic horse (Equus caballus). In the present paper, we detected 200 Numts ranging between 29 and 3 727 bp in size, which collectively representing only 0.002154% of the nuclear genome. Furthermore, ten of these segments were found to be longer than 800 bp. The absence of Numts in mitochondrial control region suggested that it would not influence the analysis of horse population genetics studies relating to this region. We also found that during horse evolution, Chromosomes 1 and 27 have been more susceptible to integration by Numts. The results in this study may provide valuable information for future mtDNA studies in Equidae species, including its use as a tool for avoiding Numt contaminations that may result in inauthentic results of experimentation.
Mixed chemostat cultures of obligately aerobic and fermentative or methanogenic bacteria grown under oxygen-limiting conditions (1990)

Defined mixed cultures of an obligately aerobic Pseudomonas testosteroni and anaerobic Veillonella alcalescens strain were grown under oxygen and lactate limitation in chemostats with different oxygen supply rates. The aerobic and the anaerobic bacteria were shown to coexist and to complete for common substrates over a wide range of oxygen supply rates. Under similar conditions but with formate as the major substrate chemostat enrichments gave rise to undefined mixed cultures of aerobic, fermentative and methanogenic bacteria. The relevance of these observations to natural mineralization processes is discussed.
Salmon lice – impact on wild salmonids and salmon aquaculture (2013)

Salmon lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, are naturally occurring parasites of salmon in sea water. Intensive salmon farming provides better conditions for parasite growth and transmission compared with natural conditions, creating problems for both the salmon farming industry and, under certain conditions, wild salmonids. Salmon lice originating from farms negatively impact wild stocks of salmonids, although the extent of the impact is a matter of debate. Estimates from Ireland and Norway indicate an odds ratio of 1.1:1-1.2:1 for sea lice treated Atlantic salmon smolt to survive sea migration compared to untreated smolts. This is considered to have a moderate population regulatory effect. The development of resistance against drugs most commonly used to treat salmon lice is a serious concern for both wild and farmed fish. Several large initiatives have been taken to encourage the development of new strategies, such as vaccines and novel drugs, for the treatment or removal of salmon lice from farmed fish. The newly sequenced salmon louse genome will be an important tool in this work. The use of cleaner fish has emerged as a robust method for controlling salmon lice, and aquaculture production of wrasse is important towards this aim. Salmon lice have large economic consequences for the salmon industry, both as direct costs for the prevention and treatment, but also indirectly through negative public opinion.
Identification and functional analysis of gene cluster involvement in biosynthesis of the cyclic lipopeptide antibiotic pelgipeptin produced by Paenibacillus elgii (2012)

In this study, a gene cluster (plp) responsible for the biosynthesis of pelgipeptin was identified from the genome sequence of Paenibacillus elgii B69. The identification of the plp gene cluster provides an opportunity to develop novel lipopeptide antibiotics by genetic engineering.
Laser Scanning Cytometry (2006)

The laser scanning cytometer (LSC) is the microscope-based cytofluorometer that offers a plethora of analytical capabilities. Multilaser-excited fluorescence emitted from individual cells is measured at several wavelength ranges, rapidly (up to 5000 cells/min), with high sensitivity and accuracy. The following applications of LSC are reviewed: (1) identification of cells that differ in degree of chromatin condensation (e.g., mitotic or apoptotic cells or lymphocytes vs granulocytes vs monocytes); (2) detection of translocation between cytoplasm vs nucleus or nucleoplasm vs nucleolus of regulatory molecules such as NF-kappaB, p53, or Bax; (3) semiautomatic scoring of micronuclei in mutagenicity assays; (4) analysis of fluorescence in situ hybridization; (5) enumeration and morphometry of nucleoli; (6) analysis of phenotype of progeny of individual cells in clonogenicity assay; (7) cell immunophenotyping; (8) visual examination, imaging, or sequential analysis of the cells measured earlier upon their relocation, using different probes; (9) in situ enzyme kinetics and other time-resolved processes; (10) analysis of tissue section architecture; (11) application for hypocellular samples (needle aspirate, spinal fluid, etc.); (12) other clinical applications. Advantages and limitations of LSC are discussed and compared with flow cytometry.
Gelation of Casein and Soybean Globulins by Transglutaminase (1985)

Journal Article Gelation of Casein and Soybean Globulins by Transglutaminase Get access Noriki Nio, Noriki Nio Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Masao Motoki, Masao Motoki Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Koichi Takinami Koichi Takinami Central Research Laboratories, Ajinomoto Co., Inc., Suzuki-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 8, 1 August 1985, Pages 2283–2286, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867087 Published: 01 August 1985 Article history Received: 13 November 1984 Published: 01 August 1985
CoO Sensors for Measurement and Control of Exhaust from Lean-Burn Engines (1976)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An experimental exhaust sensor using CoO ceramic is being developed for measuring and controlling air-to-fuel ratio (A/F) of internal combustion engines operating under lean-burn conditions. The operation of the sensor is based on the fact that at elevated temperatures the electrical resistance of CoO depends on the oxygen partial pressure (P<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub>). At controlled temperatures, the combination of good P<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> sensititivty, high reproducibility of the electrical properties and small temperature coefficient of resistance of CoO materials make this sensor suitable for the lean A/F range (15-20) where exhaust P<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> depends only weakly on A/F ratio. At low P<sub>O<sub>2</sub></sub> (A/F&lt;13.5) and high temperatures, CoO reduces to Co; therefore, prolonged exposure of the sensor to these conditions must be avoided. The material properties and the sensor characteristics are discussed and results of tests on car-mountable CoO sensors are presented. Durability and large-scale manufacturability of these sensors have not yet been established.</div>
Islanding protection system based on synchronized phasor measurements and its operational experiences (2008)

TEPCO has been operating the islanding protection system based on synchronized phasor measurements since 1984. In its long operational history, the system detected the system islanding without fail in 1999 and 2006. Through the two operational experiences, TEPCO has learned effectiveness of the islanding detection based on phase angle difference obtained from synchronized phasor measurements.
Laser Desorption Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Individual Microparticles in an Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser Desorption Tandem Mass Spectrometry of Individual Microparticles in an Ion Trap Mass SpectrometerMo. Yang, John M. Dale, William B. Whitten, and J. Michael. RamseyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 23, 4330–4334Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00119a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00119a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chromosomal biomarkers in the clonal evolution of head and neck squamous neoplasia (1993)

The biological behavior of any tumor is the result of changes in gene expression caused by mutations accumulated in the carcinogenic process. In squamous carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) there are numerous complex chromosome abnormalities. To make sense of this complexity it is necessary to identify the consistent chromosome changes in a large panel of tumors, to determine if these changes are true representations of the in vivo situation, and to construct a map of gene loci likely to be involved in the development and progression of cancer. Our findings indicate that cultured tumor cells are cytogenetically stable when compared to cells evolving in vivo. We also found that clues to the sequence of events in clonal evolution of individual tumors can be deduced by studying primary and metastatic tumors from the same patient, by examining separate clones within the same tumor, and by analyzing ploidy changes. Furthermore, comparison of the in vitro karyotypes to in situ analysis of the tumor tissue indicates that in vitro cultures are good representations of the in vivo tumor. We conclude that identification of consistent chromosome changes in cultured cells can lead to the loci of genes important in the clinical behavior of individual tumors. The most frequent chromosome abnormalities in SCCHN, found in 40-60% of tumors, are deletions affecting 3p, 5q, 8p, 9p, and 18q. Less common consistent changes found in 30-40% of tumors are gains affecting 3q, 5p, 7p, 8q, and 11q. Preliminary evidence suggests that loss of 18q may be prognostically important and may involve disruption of genes encoding cell adhesion molecules.