gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double‐blind, randomized, dose response study testing the pharmacological efficacy of synthetic porcine secretin (2000)

Synthetic porcine secretin has identical pharmacologic effects to biologically derived porcine secretin in normal subjects. Both drugs were safe and well-tolerated. This study validates synthetic porcine secretin as a substitute for biologically derived porcine secretin.
Aptamer-Conjugated Nanoparticles for the Collection and Detection of Multiple Cancer Cells (2007)

We have extended the use the aptamer-conjugated nanoparticles for the collection and detection of multiple cancer cells. The aptamers were selected using a cell-based SELEX strategy in our laboratory for cancer cells that, when utilized in this method, allow for the selective recognition of the cells from complex mixtures including fetal bovine serum samples. Aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles were used for the selective targeting cell extraction, and aptamer-conjugated fluorescent nanoparticles were employed for sensitive cellular detection. Employing both types of nanoparticles allows for selective and sensitive detection not possible by using the particles separately. Fluorescent nanoparticles amplify the signal intensity versus a single fluorophore label resulting in improved sensitivity. In addition, aptamer-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles allow for extraction and enrichment of target cells not possible with other separation methods. Fluorescent imaging and a microplate reader were used for cellular detection to demonstrate the wide applicability of this methodology for medical diagnostics and cell enrichment and separation.
Thieno [2,3 ‐<i>b</i>] pyridines and thieno [ 3,2 ‐<i>b</i>] pyridines by the method of gould‐jacobs (1977)

Abstract Bis(2‐, and 3‐thienylammonium) hexachlorostannates were condensed with ethoxymethylene derivatives of active methylene compounds in pyridine. The resulting condensation products IVa‐IVc and Va‐Vc on heating under reflux in Dowtherm or diphenyl ether provided various 4‐hydroxythieno[2,3‐ b ] pyridines (Ia‐Ic) and 7‐hydroxythieno[3,2‐ b ]pyridines (IIa‐IIc). The compound Ic on further transformations gave yet other derivatives If‐Ik.
The video server as a component in interactive broadband delivery systems (2002)

The video server is an essential component in a full service, broadband delivery network. The server must be capable of sourcing video, audio, still graphics, text, interactive scripts and general data in a low latency, interactive environment. For the general case there are eight interfaces to such a device. The article discusses each interface in relation to other components in the broadband system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased Channel Mobility in 4H-SiC UMOSFETs Using On-Axis Substrates (2007)

The achievement of high channel mobility in UMOSFETs by utilizing on-axis substrates is reported. UMOSFETs were fabricated on commercially available C-face 4H-SiC on-axis substrates. The MOS channels were formed on the single side of the trench sidewalls to be (1120), (1120), (1100), and (1100). By using on-axis substrates, channel mobility on (1120) was greatly improved to 66cm 2 /Vs, which is similar value (71cm 2 /Vs) on (1120). These values are the highest inversion channel mobility in 4H-SiC UMOSFETs ever reported. These results suggest that the channel plane should be close to the crystallographically accurate {1120} to increase channel mobility.
Intraoperative Evaluation of Breast Tumor Margins with Optical Coherence Tomography (2009)

As breast cancer screening rates increase, smaller and more numerous lesions are being identified earlier, leading to more breast-conserving surgical procedures. Achieving a clean surgical margin represents a technical challenge with important clinical implications. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is introduced as an intraoperative high-resolution imaging technique that assesses surgical breast tumor margins by providing real-time microscopic images up to 2 mm beneath the tissue surface. In a study of 37 patients split between training and study groups, OCT images covering 1 cm(2) regions were acquired from surgical margins of lumpectomy specimens, registered with ink, and correlated with corresponding histologic sections. A 17-patient training set used to establish standard imaging protocols and OCT evaluation criteria showed that areas of higher scattering tissue with a heterogeneous pattern were indicative of tumor cells and tumor tissue in contrast to lower scattering adipocytes found in normal breast tissue. The remaining 20 patients were enrolled into the feasibility study. Of these lumpectomy specimens, 11 were identified with a positive or close surgical margin and 9 were identified with a negative margin under OCT. Based on histologic findings, 9 true positives, 9 true negatives, 2 false positives, and 0 false negatives were found, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 82%. These results show the potential of OCT as a real-time method for intraoperative margin assessment in breast-conserving surgeries.
Enhancement of microchannel plate gain by deposition of CsI on the channel walls (1989)

At LLNL microchannel plate (MCP) detectors of x rays have been in use for several years. The voltage is applied by a coating on the MCP which needs to be thick enough that the propagation losses are small. To enhance the gain loss of a thick Au coating CsI is used to enhance the gain and quantum efficiency of the MCP. We have recently discovered that thick coatings of CsI (2 gm) in both the front and back side of the MCP (normal to bias angle) greatly increases the gain.
Powder diffraction and crystal structure prediction identify four new coumarin polymorphs (2017)

Coumarin, a simple, commodity chemical isolated from beans in 1820, has, to date, only yielded one solid state structure. Here, we report a rich polymorphism of coumarin grown from the melt. Four new metastable forms were identified and their crystal structures were solved using a combination of computational crystal structure prediction algorithms and X-ray powder diffraction. With five crystal structures, coumarin has become one of the few rigid molecules showing extensive polymorphism at ambient conditions. We demonstrate the crucial role of advanced electronic structure calculations including many-body dispersion effects for accurate ranking of the stability of coumarin polymorphs and the need to account for anharmonic vibrational contributions to their free energy. As such, coumarin is a model system for studying weak intermolecular interactions, crystallization mechanisms, and kinetic effects.
Evolution of Digestive Systems of Insects (1990)

L'organisation spatiale de l'appareil digestif est examinee chez les principaux ordres d'insectes. Le role physiologique des membranes peritrophiques est discute et les caracteristiques physiologiques de l'appareil digestif des ancetres communs aux taxons frers sont deduites. L'evolution et les caracteristiques adaptatives de l'appareil digestif sont examinees pour les ordres principaux d'insectes
Investigation of carboxylic acids for the extraction of chromium(iii) from leather waste and the possible re‐use of the extracted chromium in the tanning industry (1986)

Abstract A number of chelating agents have been investigated for the extraction of chromium(III) from chrome tanned leather waste. Citric and oxalic acid were chosen as the most suitable chelating agents because of their relatively low cost and high extraction efficiency. A simple, one‐step system has been developed for chromium(III) extraction from chrome‐tanned leather waste. Recycling of the extracted chromium(III) has been demonstrated. This method has potential for application to environmental and industrial problems concerning chromium waste, especially in the tanning industry.
In vitro and in vivo safety evaluation of Nephure™ (2017)

Nephure™ is a proprietary oxalate decarboxylase (OxDC) enzyme being developed as a food ingredient. In this study, the safety of Nephure™ was evaluated in a bacterial mutagenicity assay and in a sub-chronic (13-week) oral toxicity study in rats. Nephure™ did not show any mutagenic properties in the mutagenicity assay. In the 13-week sub-chronic oral toxicity study in which 10 Sprague Dawley rats per sex were administered 0, 118, 235 and 475 mg/kg bw/day (8260, 16450 and 33,250 Units/kg bw/day, respectively) of Nephure™ by gavage, male and female rats did not show any test article-related clinical observations or effects on body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, food efficiency, ophthalmology, functional observational battery parameters or motor activity. Furthermore, there were no changes in coagulation, clinical chemistry, urinalysis or hematology parameters, macroscopic/microscopic findings or organ weights that could be attributed to the test article. Based on these results, Nephure™ was not mutagenic and the no-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in the 13-week study was determined to be 475 mg/kg bw/day (33,250 Units/kg bw/day). Evaluation of the estimated consumption of Nephure™, generation of the metabolite formate, and the current safety studies resulted in a conclusion of a tolerable upper limit of 3450 Units of OxDC activity/day (57.5 Units activity/kg bw/day), when Nephure™ is added to food to decrease dietary oxalate.
Edge-adaptive Demosaicking for Artifact Suppression Along Line Edges (2007)

In this paper, we present an edge-adaptive demosaicking method for artifact suppression along line edges. Although various demosaicking methods have been proposed, they still suffer from artifacts along line edges. In order to suppress these undesirable artifacts, the proposed method first determines the pattern of line edges and interpolates missing pixels along the detected direction during initial interpolation. Then, refinement and calibration processes are carried out in series to improve image quality. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method produces visually pleasing images and outperforms existing demosaicking methods in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and the mean squared error of S-CIELAB.
Ligand Effects on the Kinetics of the Reversible Binding of NO to Selected Aminocarboxylato Complexes of Iron(II) in Aqueous Solution (2001)

Rate constants for the formation and dissociation of FeII(L)NO (L = aminocarboxylato) have been determined using stopped-flow, temperature jump, flash photolysis, and pulse radiolysis techniques. For a series of ligands the formation rate constants vary between 1.6 × 106 and 2.4 × 108 M−1 s−1, whereas the dissociation rate constants vary between 0.11 and 3.2 × 103 s−1 at 25 °C. These rate constants result in stability constants (KNO = kf/kd) ranging from 5.0 × 102 to 1.1 × 107 M−1, which are in good agreement with values of KNO determined by a combined spectrophotometric and potentiometric technique. The results are discussed with reference to available literature data, and interpreted in terms of a generalized reaction mechanism.
Detection of MMP-2 and MMP-9 Activity <i>in Vivo</i> with a Triple-Helical Peptide Optical Probe (2012)

We report a novel activatable NIR fluorescent probe for in vivo detection of cancer-related matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. The probe is based on a triple-helical peptide substrate (THP) with high specificity for MMP-2 and MMP-9 relative to other members of the MMP family. MMP-2 and MMP-9 (also known as gelatinases) are specifically associated with cancer cell invasion and cancer-related angiogenesis. At the center of each 5 kDa peptide strand is a gelatinase sensitive sequence flanked by 2 Lys residues conjugated with NIR fluorescent dyes. Upon self-assembly of the triple-helical structure, the 3 peptide chains intertwine, bringing the fluorophores into close proximity and reducing fluorescence via quenching. Upon enzymatic cleavage of the triple-helical peptide, 6 labeled peptide chains are released, resulting in an amplified fluorescent signal. The fluorescence yield of the probe increases 3.8-fold upon activation. Kinetic analysis showed a rate of LS276-THP hydrolysis by MMP-2 (k(cat)/K(M) = 30,000 s(-1) M(-1)) similar to that of MMP-2 catalysis of an analogous fluorogenic THP. Administration of LS276-THP to mice bearing a human fibrosarcoma xenografted tumor resulted in a tumor fluorescence signal more than 5-fold greater than that of muscle. This signal enhancement was reduced by treatment with the MMP inhibitor Ilomostat, indicating that the observed tumor fluorescence was indeed enzyme mediated. These results are the first to demonstrate that triple-helical peptides are suitable for highly specific in vivo detection of tumor-related MMP-2 and MMP-9 activity.
RNA Secondary Structure Prediction Using Soft Computing (2013)

Prediction of RNA structure is invaluable in creating new drugs and understanding genetic diseases. Several deterministic algorithms and soft computing-based techniques have been developed for more than a decade to determine the structure from a known RNA sequence. Soft computing gained importance with the need to get approximate solutions for RNA sequences by considering the issues related with kinetic effects, cotranscriptional folding, and estimation of certain energy parameters. A brief description of some of the soft computing-based techniques, developed for RNA secondary structure prediction, is presented along with their relevance. The basic concepts of RNA and its different structural elements like helix, bulge, hairpin loop, internal loop, and multiloop are described. These are followed by different methodologies, employing genetic algorithms, artificial neural networks, and fuzzy logic. The role of various metaheuristics, like simulated annealing, particle swarm optimization, ant colony optimization, and tabu search is also discussed. A relative comparison among different techniques, in predicting 12 known RNA secondary structures, is presented, as an example. Future challenging issues are then mentioned.
In-situ synthesis and crystal growth of high purity InP (2003)

High-purity indium phosphide crystals have been produced by an in-situ synthesis and growth process. The in-situ process has several advantages over the two-step process of compounding and growing in separate furnaces. A stoichiometric compound is formed within a few minutes by injecting phosphorus directly into the melt followed by crystal growth of InP without exposure to potential contamination outside the furnace environment. The time required for the in-situ process is a few hours to produce a 1 kg crystal. The authors have investigated the temperature gradients inside the injector during synthesis. A mechanism and apparatus to produce high-purity crystals by the in-situ process are described. Such InP crystals are shown to produce exciton emission peaks in photoluminescence spectra which are not generally found in bulk crystals grown by the two-step process. Since in-situ InP has a low background level of impurities, it is possible to produce semi-insulating material with a low concentration (<5*10/sup 15/ cm/sup -3/) of iron dopant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plant pre-m RNA splicing and splicing components (1993)

Pre-mRNA splicing or the removal of introns from precursor messenger RNAs depends on the accurate recognition of intron sequences by the plant splicing machinery. The major components of this machinery are small nuclear ribonucleoprotein protein particles (snRNPs) which consist of snRNAs and snRNP proteins. We have analysed various aspects of intron sequence and structure in relation to splice site selection and splicing efficiency and we have cloned snRNA genes and a gene encoding the snRNP protein, U2B". In the absence of an in vitro splicing system for plants, transient expression in protoplasts and stable plant transformations have been used to analyse splicing of intron constructs. We aim to address the function of the UsnRNP-specific protein, U2B", via the production of transgenic plants expressing antisense U2B" transcripts and epitope-tagged U2B" protein. In addition, we have cloned genes encoding other proteins which potentially interact with RNA, such as RNA helicases, and strategies involving transgenic plants are being developed to analyse their function.
Specificity of Aeromonas Aminopeptidase toward Amino Acid Amides and Dipeptides (1972)

Abstract The substrate requirements of Aeromonas aminopeptidase toward NH2-terminal residues were determined by use of amides representing all classes of amino acids, and the effects of the adjacent residue on hydrolysis were assessed by use of leucyl dipeptides in which the identity of the COOH-terminal residue was varied. The enzyme was specific for substrates possessing bulky, hydrophobic residues in the NH2 terminus; of 20 amides tested, measurable rates of hydrolysis were found only for leucinamide, norleucinamide, norvalinamide, isoleucinamide, valinamide, methioninamide, and phenylalaninamide. Of these, leucinamide showed the highest ratio of κcat:Km(app). Among the dipeptides, Leu-Met had the highest κcat:Km(app) ratio and the leucyl peptides with arginine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine in the COOH terminus exhibited successively lower ratios. The selectivity of the aminopeptidase for large hydrophobic residues in the penultimate position was emphasized by the fact that low κcat:Km(app) ratios were exhibited toward Leu-Ala, Leu-Gly, and Leu-OMe.
Spectral Distribution of Scattered Light in a Simple Fluid (1966)

The spectral distribution of light scattered by density fluctuations in a dense, monatomic, one-component fluid is calculated from the time dependence of the density fluctuations predicted by the linearized hydrodynamic equations of irreversible thermodynamics. The results of Landau and Placzek are verified and a procedure for deriving correction terms is discussed with the dispersion in the velocity of thermal sound waves obtained as an illustration. Particular attention is paid to the critical region. The properties of carbon dioxide are used to estimate the spectral distribution of critical opalescence. A comparison is made between light-scattering and sound-propagation experiments. Space dispersion near the critical point in the pressure and the thermal conductivity is examined briefly. Finally, some of the experimental problems involved in measuring the spectral distribution of the scattered light are discussed.
Modified blood group A trisaccharide probes: synthesis and interaction with antibodies. (2001)

Three derivatives modified at the acetamide fragment of blood group trisaccharide A, GalNAcalpha1-3(Fucalpha1-2)Galbeta-O-spacer were synthesised. In the first compound the amide oxygen was substituted for the sulfur atom. In the second compound the methyl group was replaced with the trifluoromethyl moiety, and in the third compound the methyl group was replaced with the hydrogen atom. The interaction of these probes with anti-A monoclonal antibodies gives the information about significance of trisaccharide methyl and carbonyl groups for the formation of protein-carbohydrates complex.
Optimum buffer circuits for driving long uniform lines (1991)

The design of optimum buffer circuits for driving long uniform lines is discussed. Given a uniform line, the size of the buffer driving the line, and the value of the capacitive load driven by the line, the problem considered consists of determining the type, number, and position of buffers that minimize the delay in the line. A variation of this problem that is also considered consists of minimizing the delay in the line when the area occupied by the buffers is constrained; this leads to the solution of the problem of minimizing the delay in driving a pure capacitive load under buffer area constraint. The optimal solution is formally developed, and some very good approximate solutions that can be obtained via simple computations are presented. It is shown that accepting a small increase in delay (of usually 5% over the minimum) can lead to a significant (about 50%) decrease in the area occupied by the buffers. Design curves that allow the reader to determine the optimum buffers with little effort are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonlinear-Optical Measurement of Dispersion in Gases (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. S. Finn and J. F. Ward, "Nonlinear-Optical Measurement of Dispersion in Gases," Appl. Opt. 11, 2103-2104 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Organizational Structure, Board Composition, and Risk Taking in the U.S. Property Casualty Insurance Industry (2012)

Abstract This study examines the impact of organizational structure and board composition on risk taking in the U.S. property casualty insurance industry, addressing different risk‐taking behaviors from different perspectives. The risk‐taking measures include total risk, underwriting risk, investment risk, and leverage risk. The evidence shows that mutual insurers have lower total risk, underwriting risk, and investment risk than stock insurers. In terms of board composition variables, we find that some board composition variables not only have impact on risk‐taking behaviors but also affect different risk measures differently. Thus, using different risk measures is better than using one risk measure to assess risk‐taking behavior. Finally, we conclude that an insurer can control its total risk through management of underwriting, investment, and leverage risks that determine an insurer's risk profile.
On the performance evaluation of asynchronous processor architectures (2002)

This paper evaluates and analyses the influence of an asynchronous control paradigm on the performance of processor architectures. The idea of a micronet is introduced which models the datapath as a network of concurrent functional units which communicate with each other asynchronously. This allows the efficient exploitation of fine-grained instruction-level parallelism (ILP). A macronet-based asynchronous processor (MAP) architecture is described in Occam2 and simulated in a parallel discrete event simulation environment. Suitable metrics are introduced for measuring the performance of the MAP datapath.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Some new developments and challenges in non-covalent molecular imprinting technology (1998)

The technique of molecular imprinting allows the formation of specific recognition and catalytic sites in macromolecules via the use of templates. Molecularly imprinted polymers have been applied in an increasing number of applications where molecular binding events are of interest. These include the use of molecularly imprinted polymers as tailor-made separation materials, antibody and receptor binding site mimics in recognition and assay systems, enzyme mimics for catalytic applications and as recognition elements in biosensors. The stability and low cost of molecularly imprinted polymers make them advantageous for use in analysis as well as in industrial-scale production and application.