gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Altered reflex sensitivity after repeated and prolonged passive muscle stretching (1999)

Experiments were carried out to test the effect of prolonged and repeated passive stretching (RPS) of the triceps surae muscle on reflex sensitivity. The results demonstrated a clear deterioration of muscle function immediately after RPS. Maximal voluntary contraction, average electromyographic activity of the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, and zero crossing rate of the soleus muscle (recorded from 50% maximal voluntary contraction) decreased on average by 23.2, 19.9, 16.5, and 12.2%, respectively. These changes were associated with a clear immediate reduction in the reflex sensitivity; stretch reflex peak-to-peak amplitude decreased by 84. 8%, and the ratio of the electrically induced maximal Hoffmann reflex to the maximal mass compound action potential decreased by 43. 8%. Interestingly, a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in the stretch-resisting force of the measured muscles was observed. Serum creatine kinase activity stayed unaltered. This study presents evidence that the mechanism that decreases the sensitivity of short-latency reflexes can be activated because of RPS. The origin of this system seems to be a reduction in the activity of the large-diameter afferents, resulting from the reduced sensitivity of the muscle spindles to repeated stretch.
Microfabricated W-Band Traveling Wave Tubes (2006)

Two research programs are in progress to develop W-band travelling wave tubes (TWTs). One uses a folded waveguide (fwg) slow-wave circuit, and the other uses a novel, planar meander line circuit. Both devices are currently being assembled. The predicted performance, fabrication methods and challenges, and measured data to date will be presented.
Blended source imaging by amplitude encoding (2010)

The computational cost of conventional imaging is large for today's wide‐azimuth seismic surveys. One strategy to reduce the overall cost of seismic imaging is to migrate with multiple shot‐gathers at once, a technique which is known as blended source imaging. Blended source imaging trades the reduced cost of imaging with the presence of artifacts (cross‐talk) in the image. We show that a theoretical framework using a matrix representation of the imaging process adequately describes conventional, and blended source imaging. Furthermore, the matrix representation predicts both the quantity and strength of cross‐talk artifacts prior to imaging, thus allowing us to decide a priori the trade off between cross‐talk and speed. By exploiting our theoretical framework, we are able to design an amplitude encoding scheme, referred to as Truncated Singular Vector (TSV), that trades a significantly reduced cost of imaging with spatial resolution and cross‐talk noise. The TSV encoding allows us to reduce the cost of imaging by at least an order of magnitude relative to conventional shot‐record migration. Overall, we provide a framework for finding blended source encoding schemes, that produce good quality images at lower computational cost.
Nerve Fibers in Lumbar Spine Structures and Injured Spinal Roots Express the Sensory Neuron–Specific Sodium Channels SNS/PN3 and NaN/SNS2 (2002)

As the findings showed, SNS/PN3- and NaN/SNS2-immunoreactivity is present in a subset of nerve fibers in lumbar spine structures, including ligamentum flavum, and in injured spine roots. Selective SNS/PN3- and NaN/SNS2-blocking agents may provide new therapy for back pain and sciatica.
Diagnostic Decision: Probability Theory in the Use of Diagnostic Tests (1986)

The purpose of this article is to provide an understanding of methods that are useful in formulating advice about when to use diagnostic tests. If the clinician expresses diagnostic uncertainty as the probability of a disease in a patient, Bayes' theorem may be used to predict the effect of doing various tests and their impact on patient management. To use Bayes' theorem wisely, one must be aware of pitfalls in estimating probability and must understand the limitations of most studies of the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests.
A practical fast method for medical imaging transmission based on the DICOM protocol (2010)

The standard format for medical imaging storage and transmission is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM). Nowadays, and specifically with large amounts of medical images acquired by modern modalities, the need for fast data transmission between DICOM application entities is evident. In some applications, particularly those aiming to provide real-time services, this demand is critical. This paper introduces a method which provides a fast and simple way of image transmission by utilizing the DICOM protocol. The current implementations of DICOM protocol usually care more about connecting DICOM application entities. In the process of connecting two DICOM application entities, the format of the transmission (Transfer Syntax) is agreed upon. In this crucial step, the two entities choose an encoding that is supported by both and if one entity does not support compression the other one cannot use that option. In the proposed method, we use a pair of interfaces to deal with this issue and provide a fast method for medical data transmission between any two DICOM application entities. These interfaces use both compression and multi-threading techniques to transfer the images. The interfaces can be used without any change to the current DICOM application entities. In fact, the interfaces listen to the incoming messages from the DICOM application entities, intercept the messages, and carry out the data transmission. The experimental results show about 22% speed-up in Local Area Networks (LANs) and about 13-14 times speed-up in Wide Area Networks (WANs).
Bacillus subterraneus sp. nov., an iron- and manganese-reducing bacterium from a deep subsurface Australian thermal aquifer. (2002)

A facultatively anaerobic bacterium, designated strain COOI3B(T) (= ATCC BAA 136T = DSM 13966T), was isolated from the waters emitted by a bore well tapping the deep subterranean thermal waters of the Great Artesian Basin of Australia. The cells were straight to slightly curved rods (0.5-0.8 x 2-25 microm) that occurred singly and rarely in pairs or in chains. Strain COOI3B(T) was motile by peritrichous flagella. It stained gram-negative, but electron micrographs showed a gram-positive-type cell wall. Spores were never observed and cells were heat-sensitive. Yeast extract at 0.02% (w/v) was required for growth and could also be used as a sole carbon and energy source at concentrations higher than 0.1% (w/v). The strain utilized amorphous iron(III), manganese(IV), nitrate, nitrite and fumarate as electron acceptors in the presence of yeast extract, glucose, sucrose, fructose, maltose, xylose, starch, glycerol, ethanol or lactate. Electron acceptors were not obligately required and growth was better in the presence of nitrate than in its absence. Acid was not produced from growth on carbohydrates. Tryptophan deaminase, H2S, arginine dihydrolase, lysine decarboxylase, beta-galactosidase, arabinosidase, glucuronidase, glucosaminidase, nitroanilidase, xylosidase and ornithine decarboxylase were not produced. Starch and gelatin, but not casein, were hydrolysed. Aesculin and catalase, but not oxidase and urease, were produced. Strain COOI3B(T) grew optimally at temperatures between 37 and 40 degrees C (the temperature growth range was 25-45 degrees C) and at pH 7.0-9.0 (the pH growth range was 6.0 to 9.5) with 5% (w/v) NaCl (the NaCl concentration growth range was 0.9%, w/v). The DNA base composition was 43 +/- 1 mol % G+C. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that it was a member of the family Bacillaceae, Bacillus infernus and Bacillus firmus being the closest phylogenetic neighbours (having a mean similarity value of 96%); hence, strain COOI3B(T) is designated as a novel species, Bacillus subterraneus sp. nov.
A spherical representation of a human body for visualizing movement (1979)

A three-dimensional human body model for displaying body movements on a computer graphics display is described. The surface of the body model is formed from overlapping spheres, yielding a realistically formed and shaded body image on a raster graphics display. An experimental model consisting of 310 spheres is articulated with 19 joints and 20 body segments. The properties of this model include joints which do not deform during movement, simple hidden surface removal, and efficient collision and contact detection. The model may also be placed in a planar polygon environment, displayed in shaded form, and tested for collisions with the environment. Applications in crash simulation and human movement simulation are indicated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two <sup>111</sup>In-Labeled DTPA−Peptide Conjugates (2001)

This report describes the synthesis and characterization of two (111)In-labeled DTPA-peptide conjugates (DTPA-MA and DTPA-BA). It is surprising to find that (111)In(DTPA-MA) and (111)In(DTPA-BA) are more hydrophilic than their corresponding (90)Y analogues, suggesting a different coordination sphere in (111)In and(90)Y complexes of the same DTPA-peptide conjugate. By a reversed phase HPLC method, both (111)In(DTPA-MA) and (111)In(DTPA-BA) showed only one radiometric peak in their respective HPLC chromatogram due to a rapid interconversion of different isomers (particularly cis and trans isomers for (111)In(DTPA-MA); cis-cis, cis-trans, trans-cis, and trans-trans isomers for (111)In(DTPA-BA)). The interconversion of different isomers involves the "wagging" of the diethylenetriamine backbone, "shuffling" of the NO or NO(2) donor sets, and a rapid inversion at the terminal amine-nitrogen atoms.
Digene Corporation (2004)

Digene Corporation is a molecular diagnostics company that develops, manufactures and markets proprietary gene-based testing systems for the screening, monitoring and diagnosis of human diseases. The company's primary focus is in women's cancers and infectious diseases. Our proprietary, patented Hybrid Capture((R)) technology has been successfully applied to the development of diagnostic tests for human papillomavirus (HPV), Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, hepatitis B virus and cytomegalovirus. Digene's Hybrid Capture 2 (hc2) trade mark HPV DNA test has now been established as part of the standard of care for cervical cancer screening in the US. We are focusing our research and development activities on support and improvement of existing product lines as well as the development of several new products. We have several ongoing basic research programs with the goal of developing improved molecular diagnostic assay systems for the detection of HPV and other targets of interest in the area of women's cancers and infectious diseases. Digene's goal is to establish primary screening by the Hybrid Capture HPV DNA Test as the worldwide standard of care for cervical cancer screening.
The future of the artificial kidney: moving towards wearable and miniaturized devices. (2011)

New directions in dialysis research include cheaper treatments, home based therapies and simpler methods of blood purification. These objectives may be probably obtained with innovations in the field of artificial kidney through the utilization of new disciplines such as miniaturization, microfluidics, nanotechnology. This research may lead to a new era of dialysis in which the new challenges are transportability, wearability and why not the possibility to develop implantable devices. Although we are not there yet, a new series of papers have recently been published disclosing interesting and promising results on the application of wearable ultrafiltration systems (WUF) and wearable artificial kidneys (WAK). Some of them use extracorporeal blood cleansing as a method of blood purification while others use peritoneal dialysis as a treatment modality (ViWAK and AWAK.) A special mention deserves the wearable/portable ultrafiltration system for the therapy of overhydration and congestive heart failure (WAKMAN). This system will allow dehospitalization and treatment of patients with less comorbidity and improved tolerance. On the way to the wearable artificial kidney, new discoveries have been made such as a complete system for hemofiltration in newborns (CARPEDIEM). The neonate in fact is the typical patient who may benefit from miniaturization of the dialysis circuit. This review analyzes the rationale for such endeavour and the challenges to overcome in order to make possible a true ambulatory dialysis treatment. Some initial results with these new devices are presented. We would like to stimulate a collaborative effort to make a quantum leap in technology making the wearable artificial kidney a reality rather than a dream.
Application of <i>L</i><sub>3</sub> sponge phase in extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2007)

Abstract Application of L 3 sponge phase as an extractant in extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from aqueous solution were studied systematically at 25°C with three nonionic surfactants, Tergitol 15‐S‐5, LE‐203 (C 12 E 3 ), and Brij 30 (C 12 E 4 ). The transition temperatures of the coexisting W + L 3 phases of these surfactants could be regulated with the addition of proper salting‐out electrolytes and short‐chain alcohols. The low viscosities of these L 3 ‐phase extractants, ranging from 10 to 40 mPa s, make it not difficult for separation of these extract‐containing L 3 phases from the coexisting water (W) phases. Compared to the conventional cloud‐point extraction techniques, a relatively larger preconcentration factor with satisfactory recovery efficiency of PAHs are achieved in such L 3 ‐phase extraction procedure. For example, a preconcentration factor as much as ca. 200 was achieved in 0.2 wt % Tergitol 15‐S‐5 solution added with 5.6 wt % NaCl. In general, a higher preconcentration factor is attained with a decrease in surfactant concentration and/or with increasing concentrations of additives employed in this work. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The bandgap of a photonic crystal with triangular dielectric rods in a honeycomb lattice (2005)

The photonic band structures of a two-dimensional photonic crystal consisting of a honeycomb lattice with triangular dielectric rods embedded in air are studied numerically. In a honeycomb lattice, the largest absolute photonic bandgap is achieved by the use of triangular rods which have the same shape as that of the coordination polygon of a lattice point; the reason why triangular dielectric rods in a honeycomb lattice can generate the largest gap is also discussed.
Detection of hemolytic Listeria monocytogenes by using DNA colony hybridization (1987)

A fragment of about 500 base pairs of the beta-hemolysin gene from Listeria monocytogenes was used to screen different bacterial strains by DNA colony hybridization. The cells in the colonies were lysed by microwaves in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Of 52 different strains of Listeria species screened, only the DNA from beta-hemolytic (CAMP-positive) strains of L. monocytogenes hybridized with this probe.
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification over CaO/carbon composites (2003)

A CaO/C composite, a new solid base catalyst, was prepared and served as a convenient and efficient heterogeneous catalyst for synthesis of DMC from methanol and propylene carbonate. Compared with pure CaO, the CaO/C shows the same basic properties and a high performance. In addition, the CaO/C catalyst, which is easily recovered, can be reused with little deactivation, if a suitable particle size is chosen.
Heat Transfer in a Vane Trailing Edge Passage With Conical Pins and Pin-Turbulator Integrated Configurations (2014)

The trailing edge sections of gas turbine vanes and blades are generally subjected to extremely high heat loads due to the combined effects of high external accelerating Mach numbers and gas temperatures. In order to maintain the metal temperatures of these trailing edges to a level, which fulfills the mechanical integrity of the parts, highly efficient cooling of the trailing edges is required without increasing the coolant consumption, as the latter has a detrimental effect on the overall gas turbine performance. In this paper the characteristics of the heat transfer and pressure drop of two novel integrated pin bank configurations were investigated. These include a pin bank with conical pins and a pin bank consisting of cylindrical pins and intersecting broken turbulators. As baseline case, a pin bank with cylindrical pins was studied as well. All investigations were done in a converging channel in order to be consistent with the real part. The heat transfer and pressure drop of all the pin banks were investigated initially with the use of numerical predictions and subsequently in a scaled experimental wind tunnel. The experimental study was conducted for a range of operational Reynolds numbers. The TLC (thermochromic liquid crystal) method was used to measure the detailed heat transfer coefficients in scaled Perspex models representing the various pin bank configurations. Pressure taps were located at several positions within the test sections. Both local and average heat transfer coefficients and pressure loss coefficients were determined. The measured and predicted results showed that the local internal heat transfer coefficient increases in the flow direction. This was due to the flow acceleration in the converging channel. Furthermore, both the broken ribs and the conical pin banks resulted in higher heat transfer coefficients compared with the baseline cylindrical pins. The conical pins produced the highest average internal heat transfer coefficients in contrast to the pins with the broken ribs, though this was also associated with a higher pressure drop.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Additions of Gaseous Hydrochloric Acid to Crystalline Epoxides and Steroid Epoxides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Monitoring Fatigue Damage in Carbon Fiber Composites Using Acoustic Impact Technique (1994)

Abstract The Acoustic Impact Technique (AIT) of nondestructive testing (NDT) has been investigated in identifying the damage that resulted due to static compressive and tension-compression cyclic loading around a circular notch of quasiisotropic carbon-fiber composites. The AIT involves applying a low velocity mechanical impact to the test specimen and evaluating the resulting localized acoustic response. The response from a force transducer attached to the impacter provides information about the presence of flaws and damage within the structure. Primarily, the force-time history of the impact at different regions of the structure is compared. The Acoustic Impact Technique (AIT) has been found to have a great potential for quick evaluation of defects and damage in composites. No work has been reported in the literature about the utility of AIT as a NDT tool for identifying fatigue damage in composite laminates. The key advantage of AIT is that no couplant is required between the structure and the impacter which facilitates AIT for use in field applications and in situ monitoring. The present work discusses the application of AIT in identifying various damage stages that are developed in the structure when predetermined static compressive and reversed fatigue loading is applied. In AIT the amplitude and pulse width of the force-time history is studied. The force-time signal is also analyzed in the frequency domain using fast fourier transformation. Microscopic examination, ultrasonic C scan and replica technique have also been used in identifying the extent of the static and fatigue damage in composite and the results were compared with those obtained from the acoustic impact technique. The results indicate that the force time history as obtained in AIT can identify the fatigue damage in specimens with a circular notch. The response obtained in AIT is very sensitive to the frequency of the impacter and the amplitude of the impact force and requires careful monitoring of these parameters in order to achieve repeatability of results.
Effect of the C.-1 388 A〉G polymorphism in chicken heat shock transcription factor 3 gene on heat tolerance (2015)

Heat stress is one of the main factors that influence poultry production. Heat shock proteins （HSPs） are known to affect heat tolerance. The formation of HSPs is regulated by heat shock transcription factor 3 （HSF3） in chicken. A DNA pool was established for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms （SNPs） of the chicken HSF3, and 13 SNPs were detected. The bioinformatic analysis showed that 8 SNPs had the capacity to alter the transcdption activity of HSF3. The dual luciferase report gene assay showed that there was a significant difference （P〈0.01） in the Firefly luciferase/Renilla luciferase ratio （F/R） of C.-1 703 A〉G （$1） and C.-1 388 A〉G （S4） sites at the 5＂-untranslated region （UTR） of chicken HSF3. The elec- trophoretic mobility shift assay showed that the S4 site was a transcription binding factor. The analysis of the association of the S1 and S4 sites with heat tolerance index revealed that the $4 site was significantly correlated with the CD3＋ T cell, corticosterone, and T3 levels in Lingshan chickens and with the heterophil/lymphocyte value in White Recessive Rock. These results showed that the S4 site at the 5 UTR of chicken HSF3 might have an impact on heat tolerance in summer and could be used as a potential marker for the selection of chicken with heat tolerance in the future.
Synthesis of Cell‐Laden Alginate Hollow Fibers Using Microfluidic Chips and Microvascularized Tissue‐Engineering Applications (2009)

Alginate-only, cell-laden, and protein-immobilized hollow fibers are produced (see image). Cells remain alive within the hollow fibers due to the nontoxic fabrication process. Vascular tissue can be emulated by embedding endothelial cells into the alginate hollow fibers and then embedding these cell-laden fibers into smooth-muscle-cell-laden AGF hydrogels. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The effect of fluoride ions on the corrosion behaviour of Ti metal, and Ti6-Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in artificial saliva. (2013)

Metallic materials used for manufacture of dental implants have to exhibit high corrosion resistance in order to prevent metal release from a dental implant. Oral cavity is aggressive towards metals as it represents a multivariate environment with wide range of conditions including broad range of temperatures, pH, presence of bacteria and effect of abrasion. An increasing use of various Ti-based materials for dental implants and orthodontic brackets poses the question of their corrosion resistance in the presence of fluoride ions which are present in toothpaste and mouth rinse. Corrosion behaviour of Ti metal, Ti-6Al-7Nb and Ti-6Al-4V alloys and constituent metals investigated in artificial saliva is significantly affected by the presence of fluoride ions (added as NaF), as proven by electrochemical methods. Immersion test was performed for 32 days. During that time the metal dissolution was measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. At the end of the test the composition, thickness and morphology of the surface layers formed were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.