gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative cell-based high throughput screening strategy for the discovery of selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors with anticancer activity. (1999)

Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) have been implicated in tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis, and are thus considered promising targets for therapeutic intervention in malignant diseases. We present a novel drug discovery strategy to find inhibitors of RTKs based on comparative screening of compound libraries employing functional cellular assays. Cell lines stably expressing HER2 and the receptors for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been established. All cell lines are based on FDC-P1, a murine myeloid progenitor cell line which allows a direct comparison of results obtained in primary screens. In addition, the same cell lines are suitable for compound optimization and for animal studies. Using this strategy we report the identification of promising lead candidates for further drug development which are highly selective, non-cytotoxic and cell permeable with potencies in the low micromolar range.
The Role of Ghrelin in Neuroprotection after Ischemic Brain Injury (2013)

Ghrelin, a gastrointestinal peptide with a major role in regulating feeding and metabolism, has recently been investigated for its neuroprotective effects. In this review we discuss pre-clinical evidence suggesting ghrelin may be a useful therapeutic in protecting the brain against injury after ischemic stroke. Specifically, we will discuss evidence showing ghrelin administration can improve neuronal cell survival in animal models of focal cerebral ischemia, as well as rescue memory deficits. We will also discuss its proposed mechanisms of action, including anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, and suggest ghrelin treatment may be a useful intervention after stroke in the clinic.
The Problems of Polymorphism in Liquid Crystals (1973)

Abstract We deal with the actual position of the system of liquid crystalline modifications. This system is based on the relations of miscibility of the liquid crystalline modifications and on their textures. We describe the method of classification and the main textures of thermotropic liquid crystals. The connection between the structures and the system of modifications is discussed.
Perioperative Hypothermia in the Pediatric Population: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Outcomes (2010)

Background: Perioperative hypothermia has been associated with negative outcomes, and children may be at higher risk. This study describes the prevalence of pediatric perioperative hypothermia and evaluates its relationship to outcomes. Methods: This observational cohort study included the following electronically and prospectively recorded data from children fewer than 18 years of age undergoing general anesthesia: perioperative temperatures, warming interventions, patient characteristics, and surgical procedures, duration of anesthesia and perioperative outcomes. Intraoperative hypothermia was defi ned as temperature (T) < 36°C for at least fi ve minutes, and postoperative hypothermia as any T<36°C. Results: Of the 530 patients studied, 278 (52%) experienced intraoperative hypothermia. Invasive procedures and skin probe monitoring were associated with intraoperative hypothermia. In children with core T monitoring undergoing invasive procedures, older age, longer duration of anesthesia, greater blood loss and blood transfusion were associated with hypothermia. Warming interventions is used in most hypothermic children during operation, but in few in the post- anesthesia care unit (PACU). T was re-assessed in <6% of children who were hypothermic in the PACU. Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of hypothermia and use of intraoperative warming techniques. Hypothermia was more common in older children and in those undergoing longer, invasive procedures and was associated with greater blood loss and blood transfusion.
Evidence for Clinical Use of Honey in Wound Healing as an Anti-bacterial, Anti-inflammatory Anti-oxidant and Anti-viral Agent: A Review (2013)

Honey has almost equal or slightly superior effects when compared with conventional treatments for acute wounds and superficial partial thickness burns. More randomized controlled trials with significant statistical power comparing different kinds of honey, are required in order to create a strong body of evidence towards definite recommendations for medical use. There is biological plausibility.
<sup>1</sup>H NMR Study of Phenolics in the Vegetation Water of Three Cultivars of <i>Olea europaea</i>:  Similarities and Differences (1996)

In this work free phenolics and phenolic glucosides present in the water content (vegetation water, VW) of olive fruits of the three Italian cultivars (cvs.) Cipressino, Dritta, and Leccino were identified by 1H NMR. The phenolic metabolite content of the three cultivars was studied at three fruit growth stages. The major phenolic compounds, common to all three cultivars, were 4-hydroxyphenylethanol (tyrosol) (1), 4-hydroxyphenylethanol glucoside (2), and oleuropein (3). Considerable differences in the content of compounds (1−3) were found to occur in the fruits during growth and maturation of the drupe. Glucoside (4), a major component of the low molecular weight solutes of Dritta and Leccino cvs., was not detected in Cipressino fruits. The quinol glucoside (4) was thought to derive from oxidation of the glucoside of 4-hydroxyphenylethanol (2). Hydrolysis of (4) followed by cyclization yielded the bicyclic compound halleridone (5). Keywords: Olea europaea; Oleaceae; 1H NMR; free and conjugated phenolics; metabolite monitoring in olives
A Green Alternative for Determination of Frac Height and Proppant Distribution (2010)

Abstract As regulations and public awareness regarding hydraulic fracture operations continue to change, it is important to continue to look for options to reduce risk to both the environment and personnel. Current fracture diagnostic technology uses radioactive materials which can pose a high risk from a health, safety and environment (HSE) perspective. Exposures to people and the environment to radioactive chemicals; and the potential to cause pollution or long term detrimental health problems, are great. A technology has been developed to allow fracture diagnostics to be performed with zero-risk to the environment and personnel. The technology involves using Boron Carbide particles added to the frac slurry as a tag material. Boron Carbide is a ceramic compound that has a 75% abundance of Boron by weight and the same density as Silica. It is a compound that is chemically inert under typical conditions of hydraulic fracturing. Because Boron is a neutron absorber, post-frac detection is accomplished by using a neutron device utilizing an Am-241Be sealed source which detects descending neutron and gamma count rates, as well as, capture gamma validation by energy discrimination across tagged intervals. This method will give both near and not near well bore dimension and provides Neutron-Neutron (N-N) and Neutron-Gamma (N-G) differences against initial base line reference data. Field data and analysis of results are presented for a vertical coalbed methane well in Virginia as well as a horizontal Berea Sanstone well in Kentucky.
Fabrication and characterization of single-mode electro-optic polymer optical fiber (1998)

We report on what we believe is the first demonstration of single-mode polymer optical fiber with embedded electrodes. We show that the electrodes can be used to pole the dye-doped core and to electro-optically phase modulate the light in the waveguide.
Preliminary Seroepidemiological Studies on the Human Syncytial Virus (1978)

The seroepidemiology of the human syncytial virus was investigated by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test on 241 sera from Kenya, Tunisia, Singapore and Britain. These included sera from patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma, other tumours of the oro-nasopharynx, tumours of other parts of the body, and from normal donors. In this study, the virus was found to infect only Kenyan Africans and all but one of these seropositive subjects had tumours, particularly of the oro-nasopharyngeal spaces. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Attacking and fixing PKCS#11 security tokens (2010)

We show how to extract sensitive cryptographic keys from a variety of commercially available tamper resistant cryptographic security tokens, exploiting vulnerabilities in their RSA PKCS#11 based APIs. The attacks are performed by Tookan, an automated tool we have developed, which reverse-engineers the particular token in use to deduce its functionality, constructs a model of its API for a model checker, and then executes any attack trace found by the model checker directly on the token. We describe the operation of Tookan and give results of testing the tool on 17 commercially available tokens: 9 were vulnerable to attack, while the other 8 had severely restricted functionality. One of the attacks found by the model checker has not previously appeared in the literature. We show how Tookan may be used to verify patches to insecure devices, and give a secure configuration that we have implemented in a patch to a software token simulator. This is the first such configuration to appear in the literature that does not require any new cryptographic mechanisms to be added to the standard. We comment on lessons for future key management APIs.
A survey of technical literature on adhesive applications for optics (2007)

A general overview of adhesive bonding for optical elements addresses all the relevant parameters and properties. An extensive listing of references is associated with many of the critical topics. Technical literature addressing optical bonding has been difficult to find. This paper has conducted a search to aid engineers trying to solve these bonding problems. The user must first look at his/her options for fastening the optical element. Next, he/she must consider all the parameters that influence its cure, performance and survival. If an adhesive represents a good solution, the type of adhesive must be selected. Throughout this selection process, it is important to maintain priorities on critical parameters. Compromises must always be made and assigning priority levels will aid in making these decisions. Future work will establish a selection matrix weighing relevant factors in making the adhesive selection more logical.
A single species of pX mRNA of human T-cell leukemia virus type I encodes trans-activator p40x and two other phosphoproteins (1986)

Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I) contains the pX sequence which codes for the trans-activator of the long terminal repeat (LTR) and is thus postulated to be associated with leukemogenesis in adult T-cell leukemia. Overlapping open reading frames (ORF) in the pX sequence were recently found to code for p27x-III and p21x-III by ORF III, in addition to p40x coded for by ORF IV. The mechanism of expression of these newly identified proteins and their possible association with trans-activation were studied. On transfection of an expression plasmid that contains a cDNA sequence of the pX mRNA, products from both ORFs III and IV were detected in the cells. The RNA was synthesized in vitro from the cDNA clone by SP6 RNA polymerase and translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate. As translation products, two proteins, p27x-III and p21x-III, were detected in addition to p40x. Elimination of the first and second ATG codons in ORF III resulted in loss of the ability to code for p27x-III and p21x-III, respectively, which indicated that the translations from these two ATG codons were independent. A mutant that lacked both ATG codons was fully active in trans-activation of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene expression directed by the LTR. These results indicate that a 2.1-kilobase pX mRNA of HTLV-I independently encodes three proteins, p40x, p27x-III, and p21x-III, by different ORFs and that the last two proteins are not involved in trans-activation of the unintegrated LTR.
Synthesis of High Aspect-Ratio Carbon Nanotube “Flying Carpets” from Nanostructured Flake Substrates (2008)

We present a robust method for synthesis of aligned, single-walled carbon nanotube (CNT) "flying carpets" from nanostructured alumina flakes. Roll-to-roll e-beam deposition is utilized to produce the flakes, and hot filament chemical vapor deposition is utilized to grow dense, aligned carbon nanotubes from the flakes with remarkably high CNT yields. The flakes are captured inside a mesh cage and freely suspended in the gas flow during growth. Optical characterization indicates the presence of high quality, small diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Photochemical conversion and storage of solar energy by azobenzene. (1987)

Photochemical isomerization of trans-azobenzene to cis-isomer, and its inverse cis-trans isomerization were investigated for the purpose of constructing a thermal energy storage system by conversion of solar light energy. Trans-cis photoisomerization of azobenzene in the cyclohexane solution proceeded with or without photosensitizers over a wide range of light in the ultraviolet and visible region. But the backward reaction from cis- to trans-form, which was predominant by the longer-wavelength light, set a limit to the progress of trans-cis conversion, and photochemical equilibrium was established at about 25% conversion of trans-azobenzene. Some devices to remove the conversion limit were examined. Cis-trans isomerization in the dark was carried out in the presence of immobilized metal porphine catalyst. Cotetraphenylporphine or Co-protoporphyrin fixed on polyethylene granules graft-polymerized with chloromethylstyrene was the most effective for the reverse reaction. This liberation of heat during the reaction was also analyzed from the kinetic point of view.
Monte Carlo-based adaptive EPID dose kernel accounting for different field size responses of imagers (2009)

The aim of this study is to present an efficient method to generate imager-specific Monte Carlo (MC)-based dose kernels for amorphous silicon-based electronic portal image device dose prediction and determine the effective backscattering thicknesses for such imagers. EPID field size-dependent responses were measured for five matched Varian accelerators from three institutions with 6 MV beams at the source to detector distance (SDD) of 105 cm. For two imagers, measurements were made with and without the imager mounted on the robotic supporting arm. Monoenergetic energy deposition kernels with 0-2.5 cm of water backscattering thicknesses were simultaneously computed by MC to a high precision. For each imager, the backscattering thickness required to match measured field size responses was determined. The monoenergetic kernel method was validated by comparing measured and predicted field size responses at 150 cm SDD, 10 x 10 cm2 multileaf collimator (MLC) sliding window fields created with 5, 10, 20, and 50 mm gaps, and a head-and-neck (H&N) intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) patient field. Field size responses for the five different imagers deviated by up to 1.3%. When imagers were removed from the robotic arms, response deviations were reduced to 0.2%. All imager field size responses were captured by using between 1.0 and 1.6 cm backscatter. The predicted field size responses by the imager-specific kernels matched measurements for all involved imagers with the maximal deviation of 0.34%. The maximal deviation between the predicted and measured field size responses at 150 cm SDD is 0.39%. The maximal deviation between the predicted and measured MLC sliding window fields is 0.39%. For the patient field, gamma analysis yielded that 99.0% of the pixels have gamma < 1 by the 2%, 2 mm criteria with a 3% dose threshold. Tunable imager-specific kernels can be generated rapidly and accurately in a single MC simulation. The resultant kernels are imager position independent and are able to predict fields with varied incident energy spectra and a H&N IMRT patient field. The proposed adaptive EPID dose kernel method provides the necessary infrastructure to build reliable and accurate portal dosimetry systems.
Isolation of Zika Virus from Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes in Malaysia (1969)

A strain of Zika virus (P6-740) was isolated from one of 58 pools of 1,277 Aedes aegypti mosquitoes collected in cities and towns of peninsular Malaya. The mosquitoes in the positive pool were collected from shop houses in Bentong, a small town in West Central Malaya. No strains of Zika virus were isolated from 59 pools of 4,492 Aedes albopictus collected in suburban and rural areas and in rubber plantations, nor from any of 179 pools of 27,636 mosquitoes of 23 other Aedes species collected in rural areas, rain forests, mangrove swamps, and fresh-water swamp forests throughout Malaya. P6-740 was readily identified as a strain of Zika virus by the use of antiserum from monkeys in the standard hemagglutination-inhibition test and the plaque-reduction neutralization test in Vero cell cultures. Specific identification of P6-740 as Zika virus was also made in cross-neutralization tests in mice with hyperimmune mouse serum prepared to itself, Zika, Spondweni, and other group B arboviruses. The latter method, however, was less specific than the plaque-reduction neutralization test for comparison of Zika and Spondweni viruses.
What Skimmilk Worth As a Hog Feed? (1946)

Skimmilk is one of our most valuable protein feeds for hogs. We once thought it indispensable for successful hog raising. But now we have found out that we can get hogs to market without skimmilk in about as low a cost as with skimmilk. The value of skimmilk for hogs depends largely on three things: (1) Whether the hogs are fed on pasture, (2) how heavy they are and (3) the rate of feeding the skimmilk.
Education and support needs for the community matron role (2007)

Michelle Board outlines the minimum training and educational opportunities needed by nurses newly appointed to the community matron role
Effect of High Yield Pulp on the Dimensional Stability of Wood-free Paper for Inkjet Printing Applications (2011)

A hygroexpansimeter, cockling tester and a novel x-ray microtomography technique were employed to characterize hygroexpansivity as well as macro- and micro-scale cockling of wood-free paper sheets containing varying amounts of aspen high yield pulp (HYP) in order to validate its potential applicability in inkjet printing. Results from the hygroexpansimeter confirm previous findings that substitution levels of 30% and above lead to a slight deterioration of hygroexpansivity; however, contrary to the expected outcome, aspen HYP did not necessarily result in a higher tendency to form cockles. In fact, a comparison of the cockling behaviour between various paper samples and commercial paper substantiates that up to 40% of aspen HYP can replace hardwood bleached Kraft pulp. The preservation of out-of-plane dimensional stability in non-coated samples is most likely due to the increase in bending stiffness of the paper as it became bulkier with more aspen HYP.
Broad band patch antennas using a wedge-shaped air dielectric substrate (2003)

In this paper, a wedge-shaped air dielectric patch antenna is analyzed using H-P HFSS to determine the impedance and radiation characteristics. The model data are compared with experimental data measured in our laboratory. This antenna provides improved performance that is desirable in a personal communication (cellular and PCS) handsets. The use of the antenna in the handset can reduce the electromagnetic field levels from the antenna to the head since the beam pattern of the antenna is directed away from the head of users when this dielectric shape is used. Another advantage of the antenna is increased bandwidth. The bandwidth is significantly improved compared to normal dielectric microstrip patch antennas.
Evaluation of CO2 Mitigation by BTL Biofuels from Woody Biomass through Simulated Case Studies (2008)

In order to optimize the yield of biofuels and CO 2 mitigation, process design and simulation for our BLT (Biomass to Liquids) process were performed, and a case study was carried out. The process consisted of steam gasification of woody biomass, gas cleaning, compression, FT (Fischer-Tropsch) synthesis reaction, hydrogenolysis, and distillation. It was found that 21.3 kL/d of liquid hydrocarbons could be produced from 100 t/d of collected biomass by this process, and 34.1 t/d CO 2 mitigation was achieved. It was observed that the process that uses only biomass might not effectively achieve CO 2 mitigation. If the CO 2 emission factor of an external electricity source is lower and it is more efficient as compared to biomass-fired power generation, an external electricity source is recommended. The recycling of the offgas discharged from the FT reactor into the gasifier could increase the yield of liquid hydrocarbons. However, it could not improve the total extent of CO 2 mitigation because of the increase in the energy consumption of the process. In addition, recycling might make the process and/or the operation complex. In biofuel production, although the increase in the yield of liquid hydrocarbons is important, the actual degree of CO 2 mitigation achieved should be considered, and an effective process and operation should be developed accordingly.
Permeation of a Single-Layer SiO<sub>2</sub> Membrane and Chemistry in Confined Space (2014)

Well-ordered, ultrathin silica films grown on metal substrates are composed of layers of corner-sharing [SiO4] tetrahedra (silicatene). Yet unrealized in practice as unsupported material, the double-layer silicatene could constitute the thinnest silica membrane ever fabricated. We addressed here the permeability of such a membrane by using a metal substrate as a gas detector. Permeation of CO and D2 was examined by infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and temperature-programmed desorption. The results reveal a complex response of such systems upon gas exposures which involves gas transport through amorphous silica pores as well as chemisorption and diffusion across the metal surface underneath the silicatene. Such a hybrid system, which would combine a robust molecular-sieve membrane and a chemically active metal underneath, could become interesting materials for technological applications, in particular, in catalysis and sensors.