gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1&#x2013;8-GHz Miniaturized Spectroscopy System for Permittivity Detection and Mixture Characterization of Organic Chemicals (2012)

In this paper, a miniaturized broadband dielectric spectroscopy system is presented for permittivity detection, chemical sensing, and mixture characterization for 1-8-GHz frequency range. A sensing capacitor exposed to the material under test (MUT) is part of a true time-delay (TTD) cell excited by a microwave signal at the sensing frequency of interest. The phase shift of the microwave signal at the output of the TTD cell compared to its input is a measure of the permittivity of MUTs. For wideband and accurate sensing, TTD cells are cascaded in a reconfigurable fashion to increase the detected phase shift, especially at low frequencies. TTD cells are designed to detect permittivities within the range of 1-30 considering nonideal effects, such as electromagnetic coupling between adjacent TTD cells. Calibration using reference liquids is applied to the fabricated sensor and sensor characteristics are extracted. Permittivity detection of organic chemicals is performed in the range of 1-8 GHz with an error less than 2%. The measured permittivities in the 1-8-GHz range are used to estimate the sub-1-GHz permittivities of MUTs using extrapolation. The sensing system is also used for mixture characterization to find the mixing ratios in binary mixtures with an accuracy of 1%.
A low-cost and portable local area network for interconnecting PC's using electric power lines (1989)

The development and implication of medium-access-control (MAC) and logical-link-control (LLC) protocols for a low-cost power-line local area network (LAN) is described. A hub polling scheme is developed for use in the MAC sublayer. For the LLC sublayer, a modified version of the IEEE 802.2 standard has been adopted. Some measurements and a performance evaluation of throughput and delay are presented and discussed. Using prototype 14400-b/s power-line modems, it is found that the design and implementation of the protocols on the Sun workstation provides a reasonable throughput and response time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunosuppressive drugs : developments in anti-rejection therapy (1994)

Conventional immunosuppressive drugs, I.R.Marino and H.R.Doyle molecular actions of cyclosporin A, FK506 and rapamycin, D.A.Fruman et al pharmacokinetics and monitoring of cyclosporin A, D.W.Holt and A.Johnston cellular immunobiology of cyclosporin, A.D.Hess influence of cyclosporin A on graft rejection, P.A.Keown pharmacokinetics and monitoring of FK506, R.Venkataramanan and V.Warty influence of FK506 on lymphocyte responses in vitro and in vivo, A.W.Thomson et al influence of FK506 on experimental transplantation, T.Ochiai influence of FK506 in clinical transplantation, J.J.Fung et al immunosuppressive role of rapamycin in allograft rejection, M.J.Boyle and B.D.Kahan mycophenolate mofetil (RS-61443): mode of action and effects on graft rejection, A.C.Allison and E.M.Eugui mizoribine (Bredinin): mode of action and effects on graft rejection, H.Amemiya and H.Itoh brequinar sodium: mode of action and effects on graft rejection, S.Suzuki leflunomide: a promising immunosuppressant in transplantation, F.Xiao et al SK&F 105685, J.W.Kupiec-Weglinski et al promotion of cell chimerism by immunosuppressive drugs, A.W.Thomson et al.
The importance of cuff width in measurement of blood pressure indirectly. (1976)

Blood pressure was measured indirectly in young adults with arm circumferences ranging from 21 to 35 cm using three standard blood pressure cuffs (thigh, adult, and child). The auscultatory method was used with Phase 1 and Phase V to indicate systolic and diastolic pressures respectively. It was found that use of the narrow cuff provided values higher than those obtained with the adult cuff; use of the thigh cuff produced value lower than those obtained with the adult cuff. These data, and a careful review of the literature, reveal the fundamental nature of the effect of the ratio of cuff width to member circumference with respect to the accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurements. The order of error expected with narrow and wide cuffs is discussed.
Predicting the Future — Big Data, Machine Learning, and Clinical Medicine (2016)

The algorithms of machine learning, which can sift through vast numbers of variables looking for combinations that reliably predict outcomes, will improve prognosis, displace much of the work of radiologists and anatomical pathologists, and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Review article: nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐associated gastrointestinal complications—guidelines for prevention and treatment (1999)

Chronic ingestion of NSAIDs increases the risk for gastrointestinal complications, which range from dyspepsia to gastrointestinal bleeding, obstruction, and perforation. Among patients using NSAIDs, 0.1 to 2.0% per year suffer serious gastrointestinal complications. Patients who require analgesic therapy should be carefully assessed for the lowest possible dosage and shortest duration of NSAID use and for the potential of treatment with a non-NSAID pain reliever. These patients should also be assessed for factors that increase their risk of gastrointestinal complications, including increased age, concomitant anticoagulant or corticosteroid use, and past history of NSAID-associated gastrointestinal complications. The exact association between Helicobacter pylori infection and NSAID-related ulcer disease is unclear, and the routine testing and treatment of all NSAID using patients for H. pylori infection is not recommended at this time. NSAID-using patients who suffer from dyspepsia should have NSAIDs discontinued, the dosage changed, or be changed to a different class of NSAID. If NSAIDs cannot be discontinued, then an antisecretory agent should be initiated. Misoprostol prevents NSAID-associated gastrointestinal complications. Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective at healing NSAID-associated ulcers among patients who cannot discontinue NSAID therapy.
A Novel Clothing Attribute Representation Network-Based Self-Attention Mechanism (2020)

As highly increasing of on-line fashions retail industry, automatic recognition and representation of clothing items have huge potentials. With the help of deep learning methods, many clothing attribute representation models have been proposed. However, these models are mainly suitable for coarse-grained classification which are not suitable for clothing attribute representation. To address such a problem, in this article, we propose a novel network structure named SAC, which is a combination of CNNs and Self-attention mechanism and can represent clothing attributes more fine-grained. Besides, we use Grad-CAM to visualize which part of the clothing attributes is more concerned by customers. Finally, a new labeled clothing dataset is introduced in this article, which is expected to be helpful to the researchers who are working in fashion domains for image representation.
Five-stage procedure for the evaluation of simulation models through statistical techniques (1996)

This paper recommends the following sequence for the evaluation of simulation models. 1) Validation: the availability of data on the real system determines the proper type of statistical technique. 2) Screening: in the simulation's pilot phase the important inputs are identified through a novel technique, namely sequential bifurcation, which uses aggregation and sequential experimentation. 3) Sensitivity or what-if analysis: the important inputs are analyzed in more detail, including interactions between inputs; relevant techniques are design of experiments (DOE) and regression analysis. 4) Uncertainty or risk analysis: important environmental inputs may have values not precisely known, so the resulting uncertainties in the model outputs are quantified; techniques are Monte Carlo and Latin hypercube sampling. 5) Optimization: policy variables may be controlled, applying Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which combines DOE, regression analysis, and steepest-ascent hill-climbing. This paper summarizes case studies for each stage.
Specifying features and analysing their interactions in a LOTOS environment. (1994)

. This paper presents an approach for specifying telephone features and analysing their interactions in a LOTOS environment. The approach is characterized by a flexible specification structure and an analysis method based on knowledge goals. Structurally, the specifications allow the integration of new features into existing ones by specifying each feature independently and composing its behaviour with the existing system. Analytically, the reasoning mechanism allows the specifier to analyse features, for the purpose of detecting their interactions, by defining knowledge goals and simulating the system to verify if they are reachable. A non reachable knowledge goal reveals the existence of a feature interaction, or a design error. We explain this approach by the use of two, now classical, examples of feature interactions, namely Call Waiting &amp; Three Way Calling and Call Waiting &amp; Call Forward on Busy. - 2 - objective of a detection approach is to analyse a set of independently speci...
Analysis of a <i>Nicotiana plumbaginifolia</i> cDNA encoding a novel small GTP‐binding protein (1992)

Small GTP-binding proteins belonging to the Ras superfamily have been found in evolutionarily divergent organisms. Here, we report the isolation and analysis of a cDNA encoding a putative small GTP-binding protein, designated Rhn1, from the plant, Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. The 21.8-kDa protein has 60% amino acid similarity with the mammalian Rab5 proteins. The Rhn1 protein is encoded by a small multigene family. Northern analysis shows the highest steady-state mRNA levels to be in roots and flowers. Furthermore, the Rhn1 protein has 80% amino acid similarity with an Arabidopsis small GTP-binding protein, designated Rha1.
Virus-related liver cirrhosis: Molecular basis and therapeutic options (2014)

Chronic infections with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and/or hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the major causes of cirrhosis globally. It takes 10-20 years to progress from viral hepatitis to cirrhosis. Intermediately active hepatic inflammation caused by the infections contributes to the inflammation-necrosis-regeneration process, ultimately cirrhosis. CD8(+) T cells and NK cells cause liver damage via targeting the infected hepatocytes directly and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokines. Hepatic stellate cells play an active role in fibrogenesis via secreting fibrosis-related factors. Under the inflammatory microenvironment, the viruses experience mutation-selection-adaptation to evade immune clearance. However, immune selection of some HBV mutations in the evolution towards cirrhosis seems different from that towards hepatocellular carcinoma. As viral replication is an important driving force of cirrhosis pathogenesis, antiviral treatment with nucleos(t)ide analogs is generally effective in halting the progression of cirrhosis, improving liver function and reducing the morbidity of decompensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HBV infection. Interferon-α plus ribavirin and/or the direct acting antivirals such as Vaniprevir are effective for compensated cirrhosis caused by chronic HCV infection. The standard of care for the treatment of HCV-related cirrhosis with interferon-α plus ribavirin should consider the genotypes of IL-28B. Understanding the mechanism of fibrogenesis and hepatocyte regeneration will facilitate the development of novel therapies for decompensated cirrhosis.
Cavitating adenocarcinoma of the lung. (1998)

The characteristics and outcomes of resected adenocarcinoma with cavity formation were studied in 7 cases, which were 14.9% of all 47 resected adenocarcinomas in the past three years. Tumor size was less than 3 cm in diameter in 3 cases, 3 to 5 cm in 2 and more than 5 cm in 2. Cavities were multiple in 4 cases and single in 3. Cavities were divided into 4 types pathologically. 1. Central necrosis type: central ischemia was suspected. This type was observed in 2 cases that died due to cancer. 2. Cancer cell lining type: the inner wall of the cavity was lined by viable cancer cells without necrosis. The cause of this type may be detachment of the central portion of a papillary growth tumor without necrosis. One of three patients died from cancer. The others are alive without recurrence. 3. Bronchial expansion type: the inner wall was composed of cancer cells and bronchus. This may be caused by ectatic change of peripheral bronchi following tumor invasion to more central bronchi. One of this type of case died due to myocardial infarction. 4. Alveolar expansion type: the inner wall was composed of cancer cells and alveoli. Detachment of destroyed alveoli or invasion along the wall of cavities of a honeycomb lung was suspected as a possible cause. One of this type of case is alive. Cavity formation can occur in adenocarcinoma even when the tumor is small. However there were few inflammatory related findings in adenocarcinoma with cavity formation. The outcome of the central necrosis type was especially poor, suggesting rapid tumor growth.
Capacity of digital cellular TDMA systems (1991)

The capacity of digital TDMA (time-division multiple-access) systems is addressed. It is projected that capacity improvement will be of the order of 5-10 times that of analog FM without adding any cell sites. For example, the North American TIA (Telecommunication Industry Association) standard offers around 50 Erlang/km/sup 2/ with a 3-km site-to-site distance. In addition, the TDMA principle allows a faster handoff mechanism (mobile assisted handoff), which makes it easier to introduce microcells with a cell radius of about 200 m. This gives substantial additional capacity gain beyond the 5-10 factor given above. TDMA makes it possible to introduce adaptive channel allocation (ACA) methods. ACA is a mechanism that provides efficient microcellular capacity. ACA also eliminates the need to plan frequencies for cells. It is concluded that the air-interface of digital TDMA cellular may be used to build personal communication networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Plato's Republic: A Philosophical Commentary. By R. C. Cross and W. D. Woozley. London and Toronto, Macmillan Co.1964. Pp. xv, 295. $4.25. (1964)

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Publisher Correction: A Co3O4-CDots-C3N4 three component electrocatalyst design concept for efficient and tunable CO2 reduction to syngas (2018)

The original HTML version of this Article omitted to list Yeshayahu Lifshitz as a corresponding author and incorrectly listed Shuit-Tong Lee as a corresponding author. Correspondingly, the original PDF version of this Article incorrectly stated that “Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y.L. (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to S.-T.L. (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)”, instead of the correct “Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to X.J. (email: xin.jiang@uni-siegen.de), or to Y. Liu (email: yangl@suda.edu.cn), or to Y. Lifshitz (email: shayli@technion.ac.il), or to Z.K. (email: zhkang@suda.edu.cn)”. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Phosphorus, beverages, and chronic kidney disease (2012)

Abstract: Phosphate is present in food in two forms, ie, organic and inorganic phosphate salts, which are naturally present in food and as phosphates added for industrial and commercial reasons. There is also a high content of added phosphate in beverages, and phosphates in this form are highly absorbable. The real content of phosphate contained in beverages is often unrecognized, and nephrologists do not always take into account the amount of phosphorus that patients ingest in this form. Keywords: phosphorus, beverages, additive, diet
Comparative 2D and 3D-QSAR of antifungal griseofulvin analogues (2006)

A series of griseofulvin analogues has been examined to determine the structural requirements of antifungal activity by three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship studies using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) methods. Evaluation of 22 compounds (training set) has established the CoMFA and CoMSIA models, which have been validated by evaluation of a set of four compounds (test set). The lowest energy conformer of the most active molecule obtained from systematic search has been used as the template structure for the alignment. In this study, the superimposition of molecules was carried out by atom-based fit (rms), multifit and field fit. Along with steric and electronic fields, ClogP has been taken as additional descriptor to account for lipophilicity. Further, a QSAR analysis has been carried out using Tools for Structure-Activity Relationship software. For this study, various chemical descriptors such as electronic, steric, lipophilic, topological have been calculated and multiple regression carried out. The QSAR models from these three methods exhibit considerable correlative and predictive properties. The models obtained from the present study may be useful for the development of new griseofulvin analogues as potential antifungals.
204. Reactions between dialkylanilines and hexamine in acetic acid and in formic acid (1952)

J. C. Duff and V. I. Furness, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 1159 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520001159
Properties of TaN<i>x</i> films as diffusion barriers in the thermally stable Cu/Si contact systems (1996)

The properties of Ta2N and TaN compound films as a diffusion barrier between Cu and Si have been investigated by examining compositional depth profiles obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy. The use of a Ta2N barrier is effective for improving the thermal stability of the contact system by raising the silicide formation temperature as compared with the use of a Ta barrier. The contact system of Cu/TaN/Si is fairly stable due to annealing for 1 h even at 750 °C. This is interpreted by the stability of the TaN compound, which is chemically inert to Si as well as Cu at this temperature. Eliminating the grain growth of TaN due to annealing is also effective for suppressing the physical diffusion through the barrier.
Circulating and Urinary Catecholamines in Pheochromocytoma (1979)

Three biochemical tests for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma were evaluated in 24 patients with proved tumors and 40 patients whose clinical picture was suspect but who had no evidence of the disease. Measurement of resting, supine plasma catecholamines (by radioenzymatic assay) was more useful than either 24-hour urinary vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) or metanephrines or both. In only one of 23 patients with pheochromocytoma were plasma catecholamines within the range of those in patients without pheochromocytoma, as compared with urinary VMA in 11 of 22, urinary metanephrines in five of 22 and both metabolites in three of 22. These studies reaffirm the value of plasma catecholamines in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and indicate that urinary catecholamine metabolites are less useful. The poor correlation between the height of arterial pressure and circulating levels of catecholamines suggests that the regulation of arterial pressure in pheochromocytoma is complex.
Exploring the requirements of tabletop interfaces for education (2010)

With the advent of situated technologies for collaborative interaction that are based around digital tables, understanding the requirements of such digital tabletops in educational settings is a pressing concern. We conducted a study to observe how small-groups of higher education students collaborate in a pen-and-paper based group authoring and annotation task around a traditional table. The study was primarily concerned with issues that can have an impact on digital tabletop design, in particular, factors that contribute or hinder successful collaboration. By analysing the study within a distributed cognition framework we examined the task, the participants, and the tools. The analysis demonstrated that many factors contributed to effective collaboration around the table. These include: elements of participants' actions (conversations, body position, gaze, gestures, and stylised actions), spatial characteristics of the setting and participant behaviour (dividing the workspace, and the position and orientation of artefacts on the workspace), and the artefacts themselves. These characteristics have been used to establish a set of requirements that must be taken into account when designing a computer system to support digital tabletop interfaces for co-located synchronous collaboration in educational settings.
High-Efficiency Isolated Photovoltaic Microinverter Using Wide-Band Gap Switches for Standalone and Grid-Tied Applications (2018)

An isolated photovoltaic micro-inverter for standalone and grid-tied applications is designed and implemented to achieve high efficiency. System configuration and design considerations, including the proposed active-clamp forward-flyback resonant converter for the DC-DC stage and a dual-frequency full-bridge inverter for the DC-AC stage, are analyzed and discussed. A prototype microinverter system is built and tested. Experimental results verify the feasibility of the proposed system, which achieves 95% power conversion efficiency at full load.
An Improved Artificial Immune System-Based Network Intrusion Detection by Using Rough Set (2012)

With theincreasing worldwide network attacks, intrusion detection (ID) hasbecome a popularresearch topic inlast decade.Several artificial intelligence techniques such as neural networks and fuzzy logichave been applied in ID. The results are varied. Theintrusion detection accuracy is themain focus for intrusion detection systems (IDS). Most research activities in the area aiming to improve the ID accuracy. In this paper, anartificial immune system (AIS) based network intrusion detection scheme is proposed. An optimized feature selection using Rough Set (RS) theory is defined. The complexity issue is addressed in the design of the algorithms. The scheme is tested on the widely used KDD CUP 99 dataset. The result shows that theproposed scheme outperforms other schemes in detection accuracy.
Relationship of molecular structure to in vivo scintigraphic distribution of carbon-11-labeled compounds. 4. Carbon-11-labeled mandelonitriles, mandelic acids and their esters (1978)

11C-Labeled HCN was collected in water containing carrier KCN following bombardment of 99% N2-1% H2 with 22 MeV protons. 11C-Labeled mandelonitrile and p-methoxy-, p-hydroxy-, and 3,4-dihydroxymandelonitrile were synthesized from K11CN and the corresponding benzaldehyde. The initial distribution of 11C activity of these nitriles in dogs was primarily in the region of the heart, liver, and kidneys followed by rapid redistribution to the parotids and stomach with [11C]hydroxymandelonitriles. 11C-Labeled mandelic acid and m-methyl-, o-chloro-, and p-chloromandelic acid were synthesized from the corresponding [11C]mandelonitrile. Serial scintigraphy of 11C activity of these mandelic acids in dogs showed progressive renal excretion with accumulation of activity in the bladder. 11C-Labeled ethyl and benzyl mandelate were synthesized from [11CA]mandelic acid. These esters showed initial accumulation of activity in the lungs with eventual excretion by the kidneys.