gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testosterone Therapy in Erectile Dysfunction and Hypogonadism (2005)

It is important to screen all men with ED for hypogonadism, especially those with a history of inadequate response to prior PDE5 inhibitors. The combination of testosterone plus PDE5 inhibitors may be considered for the treatment of ED in men with low to low-normal testosterone levels, who had inadequate response to prior treatment with PDE5 inhibitors alone.
Programmed Cell Death-Like and Accompanying Release of Microcystin in Freshwater Bloom-Forming Cyanobacterium Microcystis: From Identification to Ecological Relevance (2019)

<i>Microcystis</i> is the most common freshwater bloom-forming cyanobacteria. Its massive blooms not only adversely affect the functionality of aquatic ecosystems, but are also associated with the production of microcystins (MCs), a group of potent toxins that become a threat to public health when cell-bound MCs are significantly released from the dying <i>Microcystis</i> into the water column. Managing <i>Microcystis</i> blooms thus requires sufficient knowledge regarding both the cell death modes and the release of toxins. Recently, more and more studies have demonstrated the occurrence of programmed cell death-like (or apoptosis-like) events in laboratory and field samples of <i>Microcystis</i>. Apoptosis is a genetically controlled process that is essential for the development and survival of metazoa; however, it has been gradually realized to be an existing phenomenon playing important ecological roles in unicellular microorganisms. Here, we review the current progress and the existing knowledge gap regarding apoptosis-like death in <i>Microcystis</i>. Specifically, we focus first on the tools utilized to characterize the apoptosis-related biochemical and morphological features in <i>Microcystis</i>. We further outline various stressful stimuli that trigger the occurrence of apoptosis and discuss the potential mechanisms of apoptosis in <i>Microcystis</i>. We then propose a conceptual model to describe the functional coupling of apoptosis and MC in <i>Microcystis</i>. This model could be useful for understanding both roles of MC and apoptosis in this species. Lastly, we conclude the review by highlighting the current knowledge gap and considering the direction of future research. Overall, this review provides a recent update with respect to the knowledge of apoptosis in <i>Microcystis</i> and also offers a guide for future investigations of its ecology and survival strategies.
Development and Testing of a Rapid Multiplex Assay for the Identification of Biological Stains (2014)

While DNA profiling makes it possible to individualize biological stains, the identification of the stain itself can present forensic serologists with a significant challenge. Current antibody- and enzyme activity-based assays used by forensic practitioners for biological stain identification yield only presumptive results. Positive results with non-target body fluids or cross-reactivity with non-human sources has also been well documented. Some tests can consume unacceptable quantities of precious evidence while for some body fluids (vaginal fluid and menstrual blood) there are simply no available tests at all. This research presented here aims to develop and rigorously test a fast, accurate, and sensitive multiplex assay for the simultaneous identification of saliva, semen, urine, peripheral blood, menstrual blood, and vaginal secretions. This research is based on the following three research phases: 1. Biomarker Identification – Utilizing multidimensional protein separation technologies, bioinformatics tool, and tandem mass spectrometry a database of fluid-specific candidate markers will be developed for each body fluid. 2. Biomarker Verification – Using the most promising candidates from Phase 1 a targeted multiplex assay will be developed on a Quadruple Time-of-Flight mass spectrometer to verify the specificity of these candidate biomarkers with single source laboratory samples as well as single and mixed source casework type samples. 3. Prototype Validation – Development and testing of a case working laboratory prototype assay on a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer using single and mixed source casework-type samples. This work has the potential to significantly improve the accuracy and sensitivity of forensic serological testing. It will provide practitioners with greatly improved tests for saliva and seminal fluid while also enabling the identification of vaginal secretions for which there are currently no accurate tests. The multiplex design will eliminate the need to perform separate tests on an unknown stain. In short, the successful completion and implementation of this research will provide the forensic community with a powerful tool to aid in criminal investigations.
Learning Transferrable Representations for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2016)

Supervised learning with large scale labelled datasets and deep layered models has caused a paradigm shift in diverse areas in learning and recognition. However, this approach still suffers from generalization issues under the presence of a domain shift between the training and the test data distribution. Since unsupervised domain adaptation algorithms directly address this domain shift problem between a labelled source dataset and an unlabelled target dataset, recent papers have shown promising results by fine-tuning the networks with domain adaptation loss functions which try to align the mismatch between the training and testing data distributions. Nevertheless, these recent deep learning based domain adaptation approaches still suffer from issues such as high sensitivity to the gradient reversal hyperparameters and overfitting during the fine-tuning stage. In this paper, we propose a unified deep learning framework where the representation, cross domain transformation, and target label inference are all jointly optimized in an end-to-end fashion for unsupervised domain adaptation. Our experiments show that the proposed method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms in both object recognition and digit classification experiments by a large margin. We will make our learned models as well as the source code available immediately upon acceptance.
An Efficient Route to Either Enantiomer of Orthogonally Protected<i>trans</i>-3-Aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic Acid (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAn Efficient Route to Either Enantiomer of Orthogonally Protected trans-3-Aminopyrrolidine-4-carboxylic AcidHee-Seung Lee, Paul R. LePlae, Emilie A. Porter, and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1396 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 10, 3597–3599Publication Date (Web):April 18, 2001Publication History Received30 October 2000Published online18 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo001534lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo001534lbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1455Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Mixtures Get e-Alerts
Exploiting Frame-to-Frame Coherence for Accelerating High-Quality Volume Raycasting on Graphics Hardware (2006)

GPU-based raycasting offers an interesting alternative to conventional slice-based volume rendering due to the inherent flexibility and the high quality of the generated images. Recent advances in graphics hardware allow for the ray traversal and volume sampling to be executed on a per-fragment level completely on the GPU leading to interactive framerates. In this work we present optimization techniques that improve the performance and quality of GPU-based volume raycasting. We apply a hybrid image/object space approach to accelerate the ray traversal in animation sequences that works for both isosurface rendering and semi-transparent volume rendering. An empty-space-leaping technique that exploits the spatial coherence between consecutively rendered images is used to estimate the optimal initial ray sampling point for each image pixel. These can double the rendering performance for typical volumetric data sets without sacrificing image quality. The achieved speed-up allows for further improvements of image quality. We demonstrate an object space antialiasing technique based on selective super-sampling at sharp creases and silhouette edges which also benefits from exploiting frame-to-frame coherence.
Linear image reconstruction for a diffuse optical mammography system in a noncompressed geometry using scattering fluid (2008)

Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a potential new imaging modality to detect or monitor breast lesions. Recently, Philips developed a new DOT system capable of transmission and fluorescence imaging, where the investigated breast is hanging freely into the measurement cup containing scattering fluid. We present a fast and robust image reconstruction algorithm that is used for the transmission measurements. The algorithm is based on the Rytov approximation. We show that this algorithm can be used over a wide range of tissue optical properties if the reconstruction is adapted to each patient. We use estimates of the breast shape and average tissue optical properties to initialize the reconstruction, which improves the image quality significantly. We demonstrate the capability of the measurement system and reconstruction to image breast lesions by clinical examples.
Genetic Polymorphisms of <i>Flavin Monooxygenase 3</i> in Sulindac-Induced Regression of Colorectal Adenomas in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (2005)

Sulindac is a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug with a chemopreventive effect in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). In vivo, the active form of sulindac is sulindac sulfide, which is inactivated by the hepatic microsomal enzyme, flavin monooxygenase 3 (FMO3). In humans, numerous polymorphisms exist in FMO3, which alter enzymatic activity and subsequent substrate metabolism. We recently showed that certain polymorphic forms of FMO3 with reduced activity were associated with a more favorable response to sulindac in preventing the formation of adenomas in patients with FAP without polyps at baseline. Here, we determined whether these FMO3 polymorphisms correlated with the ability of sulindac to regress polyposis in patients with FAP who had polyps prior to treatment. Nineteen patients were treated with 150 mg sulindac twice a day for 6 months. The size and number of polyps in each patient was assessed at baseline (prior to the administration of sulindac), and at 3 and 6 months. Genotyping was done on seven established FMO3 polymorphisms with functional significance-M66I, E158K, P153L, V257M, E305X, E308G, and R492W. Statistical analyses were done with Wilcoxon rank sum test. Of the loci examined, only E158K and E308G showed polymorphic changes. Six patients exhibited polymorphisms in both E158K and E308G loci and were designated as genotype combination 1. The remaining patients were designated as genotype combination 2. Over the course of treatment, patients with genotype combination 1 had a greater reduction in both the size and number of polyps than those with genotype combination 2. These results suggest that combined polymorphic changes in the E158K and E308G alleles may protect against polyposis in patients with FAP treated with sulindac.
Formation of High Aspect Ratio Macropore Array on p-Type Silicon (1999)

The fabrication of high aspect ratio macropore arrays on p‐type silicon under optimum anodization conditions is demonstrated. The depth of the macropore can reach with an aspect ratio of 100. The thickness of the pore wall is . Presence of cationic surfactant in the electrolyte protects the pore walls and promotes the growth of the unidirectional macropores. The shape of preetched pits is critical for the formation of high aspect ratio macropores on p‐type silicon. A self‐supported silicon membrane of straight‐through macroporous channels has also been obtained. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Learning emotion-based acoustic features with deep belief networks (2011)

The medium of music has evolved specifically for the expression of emotions, and it is natural for us to organize music in terms of its emotional associations. But while such organization is a natural process for humans, quantifying it empirically proves to be a very difficult task, and as such no dominant feature representation for music emotion recognition has yet emerged. Much of the difficulty in developing emotion-based features is the ambiguity of the ground-truth. Even using the smallest time window, opinions on the emotion are bound to vary and reflect some disagreement between listeners. In previous work, we have modeled human response labels to music in the arousal-valence (A-V) representation of affect as a time-varying, stochastic distribution. Current methods for automatic detection of emotion in music seek performance increases by combining several feature domains (e.g. loudness, timbre, harmony, rhythm). Such work has focused largely in dimensionality reduction for minor classification performance gains, but has provided little insight into the relationship between audio and emotional associations. In this new work we seek to employ regression-based deep belief networks to learn features directly from magnitude spectra. While the system is applied to the specific problem of music emotion recognition, it could be easily applied to any regression-based audio feature learning problem.
Transforming growth factor beta represses the actions of myogenin through a mechanism independent of DNA binding. (1991)

Myogenin belongs to a family of regulatory factors that can activate myogenesis when transfected into nonmyogenic cells. A conserved DNA sequence, known as an E box, serves as the target for binding and trans-activation by myogenin. Using 10T1/2 fibroblasts that constitutively express a transfected myogenin cDNA, we show that myogenin accumulates in the nucleus but is unable to initiate myogenesis when cells are maintained with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) or high serum. Although the final effect of TGF-beta and high serum--inhibition of myogenesis--was the same, their effects on the DNA-binding properties of myogenin in vitro differed. TGF-beta did not affect the ability of myogenin to bind DNA, whereas serum diminished the in vitro DNA-binding activity of myogenin. The helix-loop-helix (HLH) protein Id, postulated to inhibit DNA binding of other HLH proteins, was induced by high serum but not by TGF-beta. The presence of Id correlated with the failure of myogenin to bind the muscle creatine kinase enhancer in vitro. These findings suggest that serum can inhibit myogenesis by attenuating the DNA-binding activity of myogenin, possibly as a consequence of Id protein expression, whereas TGF-beta acts through a mechanism distal to DNA sequence recognition by myogenin and independent of Id.
Baculovirus expression of pestivirus non-structural proteins (1992)

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) belongs to the pestivirus group, a genus within the Flaviviridae family. It possesses a positive-sense ssRNA genome with a single large open reading frame (ORF) encoding about 4000 amino acids. Here we report the continuation of our studies of pestivirus protein biogenesis, involving expression from the viral non-structural protein-encoding region. The 3'-terminal 60% of the BVDV ORF was cloned into a plasmid transfer vector which was then used to construct a recombinant baculovirus. Infection of Spodoptera frugiperda Sf9 cells with this recombinant virus resulted in the production of the expected mature viral proteins. Polyprotein processing by the BVDV p80 proteinase appeared to be nearly identical to that observed in authentic BVDV-infected bovine cells, and as previously shown to occur when expression of the same region was studied in a mammalian cell transient expression system. However, one viral proteolytic cleavage did not occur in the baculovirus-infected insect cells; the viral p80 proteinase failed to act at its own N terminus. This recombinant baculovirus/insect cell expression system provides an abundant source of BVDV non-structural proteins. Therefore we explored the utility of the proteins produced in this system for the detection of anti-BVDV antibodies in bovine sera. In preliminary experiments using these antigens in an ELISA we found a positive correlation between the presence of ELISA-reactive antibody and virus-neutralizing activity.
Fluorination-Free Synthesis of a 4,4-Difluoro-3,3-Dimethylproline Derivative (2006)

A Claisen rearrangement/iodolactamization sequence starting from commercially available trifluoroacetaldehyde methyl hemiacetal, followed by a classical chemical resolution, provided enantiomerically pure 4,4-difluoro-3,3-dimethylproline (S)-1. No hazardous fluorination reagents were used, and the overall yield over 12 steps was greater than 28%.
Volumetric Operations with Surface Margins (2002)

This paper presents new insights into the operation of the FDS algorithm that lead to the concept of a virtual surface margin. We then show how surface margins can be used to extend the FDS algorithm and thereby enable a class of logical volume operations that go far beyond simple background segmentation tasks. An example application called TouchIt is demonstrated. Touchit utilizes surface margins to create a virtual volume configuration that is useful for detecting physical proximity to a surface. We also present refinements in the the implementation of the FDS algorithm that make these volumetric computations practical for interactive applications by taking advantage of the single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) instruction set extensions that have recently become commonly available in consumer-grade microprocessors
Developments in the testing of radio receivers (1932)

The paper describes the improvements in the technique of radio-receiver testing that have been made at the National Physical Laboratory. The arrangements now used for this purpose having been described in detail in Part 1, a proposed specification of methods of testing broadcast receivers is given in Part 2, together with experimental results obtained on such receivers. This specification is examined as to its applicability to the relative comparison of widely different types of receivers, and a classification is suggested so as to diminish the number of tests which it is necessary to make in order to assign a figure of merit to a particular receiver.
Autocrine stimulation of interleukin 1 beta in acute myelogenous leukemia cells. (1987)

A significant increase in CD25 antigen-positive cells by IL-1 was observed in cells of a patient with M7 acute myelogenous leukemia. Basal proliferation and expression of CD25 antigen by the M7 leukemic cells were inhibited by addition of anti-IL-1 beta antibody in a dose-dependent manner, but not by rabbit anti-IL-1 alpha antibody. Culture supernatants of these leukemic cells contained IL-1 activity, which was specifically inhibited by addition of anti-IL-1 beta antibody, and Northern blot analysis detected intracellular IL-1 beta mRNA. These results indicated that autocrine secretion of IL-1 beta was involved in proliferation of some myelogenous leukemic cells.
Effect of temperature, shearing time and rate of shear on the apparent viscosity of fresh cheeses (1990)

The apparent viscosity of market acid-type cheese samples was measured with a coaxial cylinder viscosimeter, in the temperature range 5 to 40 oC. The logarithm of the apparent viscosity was a Iinear function of the logarithm of the shear rate, of the logarithm of the shearing time and of the reciprocal absolute temperature. The activation energy of f10wwas about 13 kJ/mol for the non-fat cheese, while for the cheese containing 20% fat in dry matter and for the temperature range between 15 and 20 "C, it increased to 48 kJ/mol because of solidification of the fat fraction. acid cheese / texture / apparent viscosity 1 activation energy of flow Rsum -Influence de la temprature, du temps et de la vitesse de cisaillement sur la viscosit apparente de fromages frais. La viscosit apparente de fromages frais du march a t mesure avec des viscosimtres cylindres coaxiaux entre 5 et 40 oC. Le logarithme de la viscosit apparente tait une fonction linaire du logarithme de la vitesse de cisaillement, du logarithme du temps de cisaillement et de /'inverse de la temprature absolue. L'nergie d'activation d'coulement tait de l'ordre de 13 kJ/mol pour un fromage maigre, tandis que pour un fromage contenant 20% de gras sur sec et pour les tempratures comprises entre 15 et 20 oC, elle s'levait 48 kJ/mol en raison de la solidification de la matire grasse. fromages frais / texture / viscosit apparente / nergie d'activation d'coulement
An analytical solution for the SSFP signal in MRI (2003)

Among previous analyses of the steady-state free-precession (SSFP) signal in rapid MRI, one treatment resulted in equations that require the evaluation of infinite binomial series. Here, an analytical solution is derived by a transformation into the power series expansion of the derivative of the inverse sine function, which is essentially a root. The treatment is extended to include higher-order signals. The results demonstrate the identity of the vastly different equations for the SSFP signals reported so far. Applications consist of the derivation of closed expressions for the signal in echo-shifted MRI and a corresponding analysis of TrueFISP sequences.
Manufacture and Test of the Bifilar Wound Coil Using Coated Conductor With Stainless Steel Stabilizer (2007)

Worldwide development of superconducting power equipments by exploiting the 2G wire is continuously ongoing; moreover, superconductor wire manufacturing companies are also making constant efforts to develop superconducting power equipments for the purpose of increasing critical current density as well as improving homogeneity of the wire. Particularly, the development of resistive superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL) is making an active progress and related tests of superconducting wire are performed as well. For resistive SFCL, the superconducting wire with stainless steel stabilizer is more appropriate than that with copper since stainless steel generates more resistances per unit length than copper. Especially, AMSC in USA succeeded in developing coated conductor (CC) clad with stainless steel stabilizer. The stabilizer of 25 mum is laminated on the superconductor layer and under the substrate, both of which are electrically jointed with solder. By using the wire, the design and manufacture of resistive SFCL was performed. For the commercialization of resistive SFCL, it is one of the most key factors to decrease inductive reactance in the process of designing coils. Therefore, coils were wound by non-inductive winding method and their losses in normal condition were measured. Also, current limiting characteristics of the SFCL module wound with CC clad with stainless steel stabilizer were studied by short-circuit test.