gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Note: A fully automated purge and trap GC-MS system for quantification of volatile organic compound (VOC) fluxes between the ocean and atmosphere (2015)

Abstract. The oceans are a key source of a number of atmospherically important volatile gases. The accurate and robust determination of trace gases in seawater is a significant analytical challenge, requiring reproducible and ideally automated sample handling, a high efficiency of seawater–air transfer, removal of water vapour from the sample stream, and high sensitivity and selectivity of the analysis. Here we describe a system that was developed for the fully automated analysis of dissolved very short-lived halogenated species (VSLS) sampled from an under-way seawater supply. The system can also be used for semi-automated batch sampling from Niskin bottles filled during CTD (conductivity, temperature, depth) profiles. The essential components comprise a bespoke, automated purge and trap (AutoP &amp; T) unit coupled to a commercial thermal desorption and gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (TD-GC-MS). The AutoP &amp; T system has completed five research cruises, from the tropics to the poles, and collected over 2500 oceanic samples to date. It is able to quantify >25 species over a boiling point range of 34–180 °C with Henry's law coefficients of 0.018 and greater (CH22l, kHcc dimensionless gas/aqueous) and has been used to measure organic sulfurs, hydrocarbons, halocarbons and terpenes. In the eastern tropical Pacific, the high sensitivity and sampling frequency provided new information regarding the distribution of VSLS, including novel measurements of a photolytically driven diurnal cycle of CH22l within the surface ocean water.
<i>SMN1</i> and <i>SMN2</i> copy numbers in cell lines derived from patients with spinal muscular atrophy as measured by array digital PCR (2015)

Proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an early-onset motor neuron disease characterized by loss of α-motor neurons and associated muscle atrophy. SMA is caused by deletion or other disabling mutation of survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1). In the human genome, a large duplication of the SMN-containing region gives rise to a second copy of this gene (SMN2) that is distinguishable by a single nucleotide change in exon 7. Within the SMA population, there is substantial variation in SMN2 copy number; in general, those individuals with SMA who have a high SMN2 copy number have a milder disease. Because SMN2 functions as a disease modifier, its accurate copy number determination may have clinical relevance. In this study, we describe the development of an assay to assess SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers in DNA samples using an array-based digital PCR (dPCR) system. This dPCR assay can accurately and reliably measure the number of SMN1 and SMN2 copies in DNA samples. In a cohort of SMA patient-derived cell lines, the assay confirmed a strong inverse correlation between SMN2 copy number and disease severity. Array dPCR is a practical technique to determine, accurately and reliably, SMN1 and SMN2 copy numbers from SMA samples.
The Neurotoxicity of Tissue Plasminogen Activator? (2004)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a fibrin specific activator for the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, stimulates thrombolysis and rescues ischemic brain by restoring blood flow. However, emerging data suggests that under some conditions, both tPA and plasmin, which are broad spectrum protease enzymes, are potentially neurotoxic if they reach the extracellular space. Animal models suggest that in severe ischemia with injury to the blood brain barrier (BBB) there is injury attributed to the protease effects of this exogenous tPA. Besides clot lysis per se, tPA may have pleiotropic actions in the brain, including direct vasoactivity, cleaveage of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) NR1 subunit, amplification of intracellular Ca++ conductance, and activation of other extracellular proteases from the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, e.g. MMP-9. These effects may increase excitotoxicity, further damage the BBB, and worsen edema and cerebral hemorrhage. If tPA is effective and reverses ischemia promptly, the BBB remains intact and exogenous tPA remains within the vascular space. If tPA is ineffective and ischemia is prolonged, there is the risk that exogenous tPA will injure both the neurovascular unit and the brain. Methods of neuroprotection, which prevent tPA toxicity or additional mechanical means to open cerebral vessels, are now needed.
A novel method for the detection of apnea and hypopnea events in respiration signals (2002)

The monitoring of breathing dynamics is an essential diagnostic tool in various clinical environments, such as sleep diagnostics, intensive care and neonatal monitoring. This paper introduces an innovative signal classification method that is capable of on-line detection of the presence or absence of normal breathing. Four different artificial neural networks are presented for the recognition of three different patterns in the respiration signals (normal breathing, hypopnea, and apnea). Two networks process the normalized respiration signals directly, while another two use sophisticatedly preprocessed signals. The development of the networks was based on training sets from the polysomnographic records of nine different patients. The detection performance of the networks was tested and compared by using up to 8000 untrained breathing patterns from 16 different patients. The networks which classified the preprocessed respiration signals produced an average detection performance of over 90%. In the light of the moderate computational power used, the presented method is not only viable in clinical polysomnographs and respiration monitors, but also in portable devices.
Low-loss Type II waveguide writing in fused silica with single picosecond laser pulses (2006)

A new domain of rapid waveguide writing with non-overlapping pulses of a 1-kHz ultrashort laser is demonstrated to produce low loss waveguides in fused silica glass. This new regime is distinguishable in two ways from traditional approaches in laser waveguide writing. First, an examination of a wide 50-fs to 5-ps range of pulse duration shows the lowest loss waveguides to form in a narrow 1.0 +/- 0.2 ps window that significantly exceeds the 50 - 200 fs duration reported as optimal in other studies. Second, an unusually high scan speed of 1.0 +/- 0.2 mm/s points to a novel Type-II photosensitivity mechanism for generating low-loss refractive index structures. The waveguides comprise of an array of nearly isolated single-pulse interaction volumes that sharply contrast with the high exposures of tens to thousands of overlapping laser pulses typically applied along a slowly moving focal volume. A minimum propagation loss of ~0.2 dB/cm and a slightly asymmetric mode diameter of ~9 mum is reported for 633-nm light. The low loss waveguides fabricated with picosecond pulses enables 3-D photonics circuit fabrication with simpler and lower cost picosecond laser systems.
The Effect of VAS972 on Allergic Contact Hypersensitivity (2000)

The results of this study demonstrated that VAS972 suppresses CHS and cellular infiltration. Furthermore, the plasma and cellular components of the VAS972 treatment were also able to induce immunosuppression. This further supports the hypothesis that VAS972 down-regulates the Th1 arm of the immune response.
Reaction of Grignard Compounds with Diborane: Characterization of Chloromagnesium Borohydride (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Grignard Compounds with Diborane: Characterization of Chloromagnesium BorohydrideWarren E. Becker and Eugene C. AshbyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 12, 1816–1818Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50034a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50034a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predictors of treatment resistance and relapse in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody–associated small‐vessel vasculitis: Comparison of two independent cohorts (2008)

Our findings indicate that older age is a predictor of treatment resistance, and that PR3 ANCA and lung involvement are predictors of relapse in both cohorts. Discrepancies in predictors of treatment tract resistance may reflect differences in access to care, and differences in predictors of relapse may reflect variations in disease expression.
Vision of the future: initial experience with intraoperative real-time high-resolution dynamic infrared imaging (2002)

High-resolution dynamic infrared (DIR) imaging provides intraoperative real-time physiological, anatomical, and pathological information; however, DIR imaging has rarely been used in neurosurgical patients. The authors report on their initial experience with intraoperative DIR imaging in 30 such patients. A novel, long-wave (8-10 microm), narrow-band, focal-plane-array infrared photodetector was incorporated into a camera system with a temperature resolution of 0.006 degrees C, providing 65,000 pixels/frame at a data acquisition rate of 200 frames/second. Intraoperative imaging of patients was performed before and after surgery. Infrared data were subsequently analyzed by examining absolute differences in cortical temperatures, changes in temperature over time, and infrared intensities at varying physiological frequencies. Dynamic infrared imaging was applied in a variety of neurosurgical cases. After resection of an arteriovenous malformation, there was postoperative hyperperfusion of the surrounding brain parenchyma, which was consistent with a loss of autoregulation. Bypass patency and increased perfusion of adjacent brain were documented during two of three extracranial-intracranial bypasses. In seven of nine patients with epilepsy the results of DIR imaging corresponded to seizure foci that had been electrocorticographically mapped preoperatively. Dynamic infrared imaging demonstrated the functional cortex in four of nine patients undergoing awake resection and cortical stimulation. Finally, DIR imaging exhibited the distinct thermal footprints of 14 of 16 brain tumors. Dynamic infrared imaging may prove to be a powerful adjunctive intraoperative diagnostic tool in the neurosurgical imaging armamentarium. Real-time assessment of cerebral vessel patency and cerebral perfusion are the most direct applications of this technology. Uses of this imaging modality in the localization of epileptic foci, identification of functional cortex during awake craniotomy, and determination of tumor border and intraoperative brain shift are avenues of inquiry that require further investigation.
Thin-film conducting polymers based on Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes with 8-quinolinol (2007)

New thin polymeric films were prepared electrochemically on the basis of Ni(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) complexes with 8-quinolinol, and conditions of synthesis were optimized. Basic characteristics of the films such as the thickness, charge transfer rate in the polymeric matrix, and photovoltaic effect were determined.
Sterol metabolism in the tobacco hornworm,<i>Manduca sexta</i>—A review (1995)

A number of intermediates involved in the dealkylation and conversion of the major C28 and C29 phytosterols to cholesterol in insects were first isolated and identified in studies with the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, carried out in our laboratory. We also investigated the effects of a variety of known sterol metabolism inhibitors in Manduca, particularly those affecting the delta 24-sterol reductase enzyme, and synthesized and tested a number of new inhibitors as well. In-depth studies of ecdysteroids in Manduca during embryogenesis and during pupal-adult development provided new information on molting hormone content, biosynthesis, and metabolism. In addition, this insect has been utilized in the study of three specific enzyme systems of ecdysteroid metabolism, namely 20-monooxygenase, 3-epimerase, and phosphotransferase, which are critical to activation and deactivation of molting hormones in insects.
Delta-doped ohmic contacts to <i>n</i>-GaAs (1986)

A new type of nonalloyed ohmic contact to GaAs is realized by molecular beam epitaxy. The ohmic characteristic of the metal-semiconductor junction is obtained by placing a highly δ-doped donor layer a few lattice constants away from the metal-semiconductor interface of the contact and thus keeping the tunneling barrier extremely thin. The current-voltage characteristic of the δ-doped contacts is strictly linear. The measured contact resistance is in the 10−6 Ω cm2 range. Theoretical analysis of the tunneling current through the triangular barrier predicts contact resistances in the range 10−7–10−9 Ω cm2. In spite of the high doping concentration (≂1021 cm−3) the surface morphology of the sample shows no degradation.
Reduction-Responsive Disassemblable Core-Cross-Linked Micelles Based on Poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>b</i>-poly(<i>N</i>-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide)–Lipoic Acid Conjugates for Triggered Intracellular Anticancer Drug Release (2012)

Reduction-sensitive reversibly core-cross-linked micelles were developed based on poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(N-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylamide)-lipoic acid (PEG-b-PHPMA-LA) conjugates and investigated for triggered doxorubicin (DOX) release. Water-soluble PEG-b-PHPMA block copolymers were obtained with M(n,PEG) of 5.0 kg/mol and M(n,HPMA) varying from 1.7 and 4.1 to 7.0 kg/mol by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. The esterification of the hydroxyl groups in the PEG-b-PHPMA copolymers with lipoic acid (LA) gave amphiphilic PEG-b-PHPMA-LA conjugates with degrees of substitution (DS) of 71-86%, which formed monodispersed micelles with average sizes ranging from 85.3 to 142.5 nm, depending on PHPMA molecular weights, in phosphate buffer (PB, 10 mM, pH 7.4). These micelles were readily cross-linked with a catalytic amount of dithiothreitol (DTT). Notably, PEG-b-PHPMA(7.0k)-LA micelles displayed superior DOX loading content (21.3 wt %) and loading efficiency (90%). The in vitro release studies showed that only about 23.0% of DOX was released in 12 h from cross-linked micelles at 37 °C at a low micelle concentration of 40 μg/mL, whereas about 87.0% of DOX was released in the presence of 10 mM DTT under otherwise the same conditions. MTT assays showed that DOX-loaded core-cross-linked PEG-b-PHPMA-LA micelles exhibited high antitumor activity in HeLa and HepG2 cells with low IC(50) (half inhibitory concentration) of 6.7 and 12.8 μg DOX equiv/mL, respectively, following 48 h incubation, while blank micelles were practically nontoxic up to a tested concentration of 1.0 mg/mL. Confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) studies showed that DOX-loaded core-cross-linked micelles released DOX into the cell nuclei of HeLa cells in 12 h. These reduction-sensitive disassemblable core-cross-linked micelles with excellent biocompatibility, superior drug loading, high extracellular stability, and triggered intracellular drug release are promising for tumor-targeted anticancer drug delivery.
Effect of Polysaccharide on Flocculation and Creaming in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (1991)

Creaming of the droplets in 20% alkane-in-water emulsions in the presence and absence of non-adsorbing polymer is reported in the form of oil concentration-height profiles collected at intervals of time. Without polymer, the polydisperse droplets (stabilised by non-ionic surfactant) cream individually at a rate determined by their diameter. Measurement of creaming rates enables the distribution of hydrodynamic diameters to be inferred, and it agrees well with the size distribution from a light diffraction method. In the presence of hydroxyethylcellulose in the continuous phase at a concentration exceeding 0.03%w/w, the droplets flocculate, and the creaming rates are used to estimate the size of the pores in the flocculated droplet network. At 0.03% polymer, flocculated and individual particle phases are in coexistence. Direct evidence for a depletion mechanism of flocculation is presented.
Latissimus Dorsi Transfer for the Treatment of Irreparable Tears of the Rotator Cuff (1992)

Sixteen irreparable, massive rotator cuff tears were treated with latissimus dorsi transfer and reviewed after an average of 33 months. There were no neurovascular complications or infections. Pain relief was satisfactory in 94% of the shoulders at rest and in 81% on exertion. Flexion was 83 degrees preoperatively and 135 degrees postoperatively. The functional value of the shoulder averaged 73% of an age- and gender-adjusted normal score. For the 12 shoulders with a functional subscapularis, it averaged 82%; for those four without a functioning subscapularis, 48%. If the subscapularis was torn and could not be adequately repaired, latissimus dorsi transfer was of no value. In cases with good subscapularis function but irreparable defects in the external rotator tendons, restoration of approximately 80% of normal shoulder function was obtained, indicating that latissimus dorsi transfer is a safe and valuable alternative for the treatment of this specific type of irreparable rotator cuff tear.
中国思想和西方思想:两种形成对照的逻辑——评 F.朱利安:《变化过程还是创造:中国儒家思想导论》 (1990)

如何研究中国思想这个对我们的文化来说过份陌生的领域,而不致陷入三百年来西方的解释所提出的一大堆难免不够确切的公式中?就拿孔子学说来说吧,不是已经使他的推理方法成了某种有害的模棱两可的东西了吗?因为中国人从来没有以这种方式给他们的主要传统贴上标签,孔子第一个致力于传授这种传统,但丝毫没有打算给这种传统冠以他自己的名字。弗朗索瓦·朱利安在谈到中国的儒家思想时试图摆脱这种困境。无论如何,他是在进行某种尝试,这种尝试大胆地完全摆脱了传统的中国学。毫无疑问,仅仅为了摆脱而摆脱是不可能走得太远的——归根到底,儒家这个术语不也是模棱两可的吗?但是,如果这确实是非常策略地
High resolution ultrasound assessment of the parotid gland (2003)

A variety of neoplastic and non-neoplastic conditions may present with parotid swelling. It is rarely possible to predict the nature of a swelling on clinical grounds alone and accurate imaging is necessary for further assessment. The parotid glands are superficial structures and are readily amenable to high resolution ultrasound examination. Ultrasound is able to: differentiate possible benign from malignant neoplasms; demonstrate whether a palpable lesion arises within the parotid gland, or is periparotid in location; and identify those entities that may not need surgical intervention. In this article the sonographic features of a range of parotid pathologies are reviewed and examples illustrated and the role of ultrasound in parotid assessment is discussed.
Effect of domperidone on milk production in mothers of premature newborns: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. (2001)

In the short term domperidone increases milk production in women with low milk supply and is detected at low levels in breast milk.
Seizure Anticipation: Do Mathematical Measures Correlate with Video‐EEG Evaluation? (2005)

Our results indicate that EEG dynamics frequently change before seizures. These preictal changes are most often associated with the EEG changes accompanying transitions between states of vigilance. The preictal dynamic changes may represent physiologic changes acting as facilitating factors or pathologic changes reflecting a network dysfunction.
Synthesis and Recovery of Hydrogen Chloride Gas (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Recovery of Hydrogen Chloride GasC. C. Brumbaugh, A. B. Tillman, and R. C. SutterCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1949, 41, 10, 2165–2167Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50478a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50478a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Coupled inductance and reluctance models of magnetic components (1991)

Different models for linear transformers are discussed relative to their use in circuit simulation. These models include: the reluctance model, the permeance model, the inductance matrix model, the T-model and the reduced T-model. Equations relating the parameter values of the models are derived for the two- and three-winding transformers. A method for direct measurement of the inductance matrix model parameters is described. Guidance is provided for deriving model parameters and using the models in circuit simulators. A model of an ideal transformer using controlled current and voltage sources useful for the T-model is derived. Several examples are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Training sequence optimization in MIMO systems with colored noise (2004)

In this paper, we address the problems of channel estimation and optimal training sequence design for MIMO systems over flat fading channels in the presence of colored noise. In practice, knowledge of the unknown channel is often obtained by sending known training symbols to the receiver. During the training period, we obtain the best linear unbiased estimates of the channel parameters based on the received training block. Under the assumption that we can express the noise covariance matrix as a Kronecker product of temporal and spatial correlation matrices, we determine the optimal training sequence set that minimizes the mean square error (MSE) of the channel estimator under a total transmit power constraint, in order to obtain the advantage of the optimal training sequence design, long-term statistics of the noise correlation are needed at the transmitter. Hence this information needs to be estimated at the receiver and fed back to the transmitter. Obviously it is desirable that only a minimal amount of information needs to be fed back from the receiver to gain the advantage in reducing the estimation error of the short-term channel fading parameters. We develop such a feedback strategy in this paper.
Synthese eines Azaanalogen des Antibiotikums Negamycin (1975)

Abstract Die Synthese des 3‐Azaanalogen ( 2 ) des Antibiotikums Negamycin wird mitgeteilt. Das neue Derivat besitzt keine antibakterielle Aktivität.