gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclonal antibodies against alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens (1989)

Ten distinct monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against alpha toxin of Clostridium perfringens were produced by the fusion of SP2/O with spleen cells of mice immunized with alpha toxoid, and alpha toxin mixed with or without ethylenediamine-tetraacetate (EDTA). The antibody activity was evaluated by antigen-binding activity in an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), by phospholipase C (PLC)-neutralizing activity using both egg yolk lecithin and p-nitrophenylphosphoryl-choline (PNPPC) hydrolysis reactions and by anti-lethal activity in mice. Since the toxin-neutralizing activities of each MAb were not parallel, it has been suggested that the three biological activities may not be located in the same site in the toxin molecule. This report also describes the development of a simple purification of the toxin by affinity chromatography and a sensitive immunoassay for quantitation of the toxin using the monoclonal antibody.
Adaptive foveation of MPEG video (1996)

We report experiments on the 'foveation' of MPEGstandard video by a network-based rate adaptor. The rat e adaptor is controlled by input from receiving users, and constrained by the capacity of each receiver's channel. It generates versions of the input video which trade off spatial and temporal resolution in different regions of the picture. While there are many possible ways to make the tradeoffs, users have only one or two dimensions of control (in addition to two dimensions of position for the fovea centre). We therefore propose constraints for mapping 2D user control input into a fovea/periphery bit budget, and provide design curves for spatial resolution control.
Controlled placement of highly aligned carbon nanotubes for the manufacture of arrays of nanoscale torsional actuators (2005)

We have fabricated ordered arrays of nanoscale torsional actuators consisting of metal mirrors bonded to precisely oriented multiwall carbon nanotubes. The fabrication is facilitated by a new nanotube positioning method which employs localized electron beam activation of polymer residue on a silicon oxide surface.
The Effect of a Para Substituent on the Conformational Preference of 2,2-Diphenyl-1,3-dioxanes:  Evidence for the Anomeric Effect from X-ray Crystal Structure Analysis<sup>1</sup> (1999)

The molecular structures of 2,2-di(para-substituted phenyl)-1,3-dioxanes were elucidated for the first time by X-ray crystallographic analysis, which revealed two important structural features: (1) These compounds have the chair conformation in which electron-withdrawing aryl groups [viz. p-nitro- or p-(trifluormethyl)phenyl] are always axial and electron-donating aryl groups (viz. p-methoxyphenyl) are always equatorial. (2) In these compounds as well as in symmetrically substituted 2,2-diphenyl-1,3-dioxane the axial C(2)-aryl bond is longer than the equatorial C(2)-aryl bond. The axial preference of the electron-withdrawing aryl group was also demonstrated in solution by (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The anomeric carbon substituted with an electron-withdrawing aryl group resonates at an unusually high field, as does the aromatic carbon bearing the electron-withdrawing substituent. The observed (13)C NMR data clearly indicate enhanced electron density at these carbons due to the anomeric effect. Semiempirical molecular orbital calculations by the MOPAK PM3 method reproduced the bond lengthening for axial C(2)-aryl, while the heat of formation derived from this calculation failed to support the axial preference of electron-withdrawing aryl groups. The X-ray crystallographic data on the conformational preference and bond lengths at the anomeric carbon, as well as the solution NMR spectroscopic data, clearly indicate the anomeric effect that is best rationalized in terms of stabilizing interaction between the lone-pair electrons on the ring oxygens and the antibonding orbital of the axial C(2)-aryl bond.
北京·南国大牌档 追忆民国往事 (2015)

南京大牌档之民国往事店即王府井银泰in88店，是南京大牌档全国第24家分号。店内以民国街巷、旧时南京商业区的店堂风格为主打，所有服务员以学生小妹、邻家小弟形象穿梭于店内，路灯下演绎韵律动人的萨克斯，所有细节无一不彰显民间往事独有的旧时风情。
Organisational and National Culture: A Study of Overlap and Interaction in the Literature (2003)

\n\t\t\t\t\tTerms such as Globalisation and cross-cultural management are widely used by both organisational managers and academics. While it is the intention of academics and industry analysts to explain the phenomena and discover principles to guide the practitioners, human resource managers are dealing with the workplace changes implicit in these terms on an increasingly frequent basis. These managers are facing increasingly diverse workforces, and must cope with all the challenges and opportunities inherent in such diversity. This article presents a new approach to examining the key literature on organisational and national culture in three main areas. Firstly, areas of convergence between various theories on culture are identified. Secondly, the article illustrates and discusses where these theories diverge from each other. Thirdly, drawing on the principles discussed in the article, a framework of national culture is developed from existing literature that highlights the convergence found in existing models.\n\t\t\t\t
RGB Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (2008)

The Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor is the most widely used instrument to measure the optical aberrations of the human eye. Traditional Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensors measure the ocular aberrations at a single wavelength, which is usually in the near infrared region of the spectrum. A modified Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor that simultaneously measures aberrations at three visible wavelengths is discussed. The modified instrument provides a measurement of the longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye in addition to the monochromatic aberrations provided by the conventional device. Human subjects testing results and the comparison of measured LCA with clinical values are presented.
Isomerization of Naphthalyl Chloride<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsomerization of Naphthalyl Chloride1H. E. French and J. E. KircherCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 12, 3270–3272Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01857a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01857a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inertial Motion Capture Costume Design Study (2017)

The paper describes a scalable, wearable multi-sensor system for motion capture based on inertial measurement units (IMUs). Such a unit is composed of accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer. The final quality of an obtained motion arises from all the individual parts of the described system. The proposed system is a sequence of the following stages: sensor data acquisition, sensor orientation estimation, system calibration, pose estimation and data visualisation. The construction of the system's architecture with the dataflow programming paradigm makes it easy to add, remove and replace the data processing steps. The modular architecture of the system allows an effortless introduction of a new sensor orientation estimation algorithms. The original contribution of the paper is the design study of the individual components used in the motion capture system. The two key steps of the system design are explored in this paper: the evaluation of sensors and algorithms for the orientation estimation. The three chosen algorithms have been implemented and investigated as part of the experiment. Due to the fact that the selection of the sensor has a significant impact on the final result, the sensor evaluation process is also explained and tested. The experimental results confirmed that the choice of sensor and orientation estimation algorithm affect the quality of the final results.
A Physiologic Imaging Pilot Study of Breast Cancer Treated with AZD2171 (2006)

[18F]Fluoromethane imaging may be a useful surrogate for biological activity of AZD2171 with changes identified within 24 hours of starting therapy.
New Dinuclear 5-<i>a</i><i>nsa</i>-Lanthanocene Derivatives. Crystal Structures of [Ln{2,6-(CH<sub>2</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N}μ-O<sub>2</sub>SOCF<sub>3</sub>]<sub>2</sub> (Ln = Nd, Y, Yb) and a VT Solution NMR (<sup>1</sup>H, <sup>19</sup>F) Study of the Fluxional Yttrium Homologue (2002)

Five homologues of the new complex series [LnL(μ-OTf)]2 with Ln = Pr (1), Nd (2), Sm (3), Y (4), Yb (5) have been prepared from [Ln(OTf)3] and Na2L, where L designates two cyclopentadienyl rings tethered by a 2,6-bis(methylene)pyridyl unit and −OTf the triflate (trifluoromethanesulfonate) anion. According to crystal structure analyses of 2, 4, and 5, each triflate ligand bridges two Ln ions (Ln−O−S(O)−O‘−Ln‘), while, owing to substantial Ln−N(pyridyl) bonding, the LnL fragments turn out to be notably rigid entities. Nevertheless, the variable-temperature (VT) 1H NMR spectra of all complexes reveal notable fluxionality. According to a detailed VT 19F NMR study of 4, two dinuclear isomers, differing in the trans and cis orientations, respectively, of their two L fragments, interconvert with a negligibly small entropy of activation ΔS⧧. A motion reminiscent of the Berry turnstile would most plausibly explain the experimental findings.
Subsurface Environmental Analysis of North Sea Sediments (1976)

The diagnosis of depositional environments is essential to facies analysis and hence to the search for porous reservoir formations. Modern sedimentary environments tend to generate characteristic vertical sequences of grain size and sedimentary structures. SP and gamma-ray logs can reflect grain-size profiles. Certain log patterns thus can help to identify the environments of sand bodies. Ideally these must be integrated with paleoecologic studies and sedimentologic core logs. Where such data are inadequate or absent, additional useful information includes the presence or absence of glauconite and carbonaceous detritus. Easily recognized in ditch cuttings, these indicate marine/nonmarine and low/high-energy environments, respectively. Integrated with gamma-log patterns th se criteria define some characteristic North Sea facies models.
Editorial Comments (1994)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jan 1994Editorial Comments Edward M. Messing Edward M. MessingEdward M. Messing More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40557-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comments." The Journal of Urology, 151(1), p. 20 © 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 151Issue 1January 1994Page: 20 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1994 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Edward M. Messing More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Kymogram detection and kymogram‐correlated image reconstruction from subsecond spiral computed tomography scans of the heart (2002)

Subsecond single-slice, multi-slice or cone-beam spiral computed tomography (SSCT, MSCT, CBCT) offer great potential for improving heart imaging. Together with the newly developed phase-correlated cardiac reconstruction algorithms 180 degrees MCD and 180 degrees MCI [Med. Phys. 27, 1881-1902 (2000)] or related algorithms provided by the CT manufacturers, high image quality can be achieved. These algorithms require information about the cardiac motion, i.e., typically the simultaneously recorded electrocardiogram (ECG), to synchronize the reconstruction with the cardiac motion. Neither data acquired without ECG information (standard patients) nor acquisitions with corrupted ECG information can be handled adequately. We developed a method to extract the appropriate information about cardiac motion directly from the measured raw data (projection data). The so-called kymogram function is a measure of the cardiac motion as a function of time t or as a function of the projection angle alpha. In contrast to the ECG which is a global measure of the heart's electric excitation, the kymogram is a local measure of the heart motion at the z-position z(a) at projection angle a. The patient's local heart rate as well as the necessary synchronization information to be used with phase-correlated algorithms can be extracted from the kymogram by using a series of signal processing steps. The kymogram information is shown to be adequate to substitute the ECG information. Computer simulations with simulated ECG and patient measurements with simultaneously acquired ECG were carried out for a multislice scanner providing M = 4 slices to evaluate these new approaches. Both the ECG function and the kymogram function were used for reconstruction. Both were highly correlated regarding the periodicity information used for reconstruction. In 21 out of 25 consecutive cases the kymogram approach was equivalent to the ECG-correlated reconstruction; only minor differences in image quality between both methods were observed. For one patient the synchronization information detected by the ECG monitor turned out to be wrong; here, the kymogram constituted the only approach that provided useful reconstructions. Patient studies with 12 and 16 slices indicate the usefulness of our approach for cone-beam CT scans. Kymogram-correlated reconstructions also appear to have the potential to improve imaging of pericardial lung areas in general.
Stochastic Modeling and Optimization in a Microgrid: A Survey (2014)

The future smart grid is expected to be an interconnected network of small-scale and self-contained microgrids, in addition to a large-scale electric power backbone. By utilizing microsources, such as renewable energy sources and combined heat and power plants, microgrids can supply electrical and heat loads in local areas in an economic and environment friendly way. To better adopt the intermittent and weather-dependent renewable power generation, energy storage devices, such as batteries, heat buffers and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) with vehicle-to-grid systems can be integrated in microgrids. However, significant technical challenges arise in the planning, operation and control of microgrids, due to the randomness in renewable power generation, the buffering effect of energy storage devices and the high mobility of PEVs. The two-way communication functionalities of the future smart grid provide an opportunity to address these challenges, by offering the communication links for microgrid status information collection. However, how to utilize stochastic modeling and optimization tools for efficient, reliable and economic planning, operation and control of microgrids remains an open issue. In this paper, we investigate the key features of microgrids and provide a comprehensive literature survey on the stochastic modeling and optimization tools for a microgrid. Future research directions are also identified.
Robust decentralized authentication for public keys and geographic location (2009)

Authentication has traditionally been done either in a decentralized manner with human assistance or automatically through a centralized security infrastructure. In the security infrastructure approach, a central trusted authority takes on the responsibility of authenticating participants within its domain of control. While the security infrastructure approach works well in traditional organizations, it does not address the needs of open membership systems. We propose automatic decentralized authentication mechanisms for peer-to-peer systems, email systems, and ad-hoc networks. Our byzantine fault tolerant public-key authentication protocol (BPKA) provides decentralized authentication to peer-to-peer systems with honest majority. Authentication is done over an insecure asynchronous network without using trusted third parties or human input. We also authenticate public keys in the email environment through our social-group key authentication protocol (SGKA). The protocol provides end-to-end authentication at the email client without using infrastructure or centralized authorities. Finally, location authentication in ad-hoc networks is proposed through our geographical secure path routing protocol (GSPR). The protocol authenticates geographic locations of anonymous nodes in order to provide location authentication and anonymity simultaneously.
SOAP: A Social network Aided Personalized and effective spam filter to clean your e-mail box (2011)

The explosive growth of unsolicited emails has prompted the development of numerous spam filtering techniques. A Bayesian spam filter is superior to a static keywordbased spam filter because it can continuously evolve to tackle new spam by learning keywords in new spam emails. However, Bayesian spam filters can be easily poisoned by avoiding spam keywords and adding many innocuous keywords in the emails. In addition, they need a significant amount of time to adapt to a new spam based on user feedback. Moreover, few current spam filters exploit social networks to assist spam detection. In order to develop an accurate and user-friendly spam filter, in this paper, we propose a SOcial network Aided Personalized and effective spam filter (SOAP). Unlike previous filters that focus on parsing keywords (e.g, Bayesian filter) or building blacklists, SOAP exploits the social relationship among email correspondents to detect the spam adaptively and automatically. SOAP integrates three components into the basic Bayesian filter: social closeness-based spam filtering, social interest-based spam filtering, and adaptive trust management. We evaluate performance of SOAP based on the trace data from Facebook. Experimental results show that SOAP can greatly improve the performance of Bayesian spam filters in terms of the accuracy, attack-resilience and efficiency of spam detection. We also find that the performance of Bayesian spam filters is the lower bound of SOAP.
Optical sensor array platform based on polymer electronic devices (2007)

Monitoring of personal wellbeing and optimizing human performance are areas where sensors have only begun to be used. One of the reasons for this is the specific demands that these application areas put on the underlying technology and system properties. In many cases these sensors will be integrated in clothing, be worn on the skin, or may even be placed inside the body. This implies that flexibility and wearability of the systems is essential for their success. Devices based on polymer semiconductors allow for these demands since they can be fabricated with thin film technology. The use of thin film device technology allows for the fabrication of very thin sensors (e.g. integrated in food product packaging), flexible or bendable sensors in wearables, large area/distributed sensors, and intrinsically low-cost applications in disposable products. With thin film device technology a high level of integration can be achieved with parts that analyze signals, process and store data, and interact over a network. Integration of all these functions will inherently lead to better cost/performance ratios, especially if printing and other standard polymer technology such as high precision moulding is applied for the fabrication. In this paper we present an optical transmission sensor array based on polymer semiconductor devices made by thin film technology. The organic devices, light emitting diodes, photodiodes and selective medium chip, are integrated with classic electronic components. Together they form a versatile sensor platform that allows for the quantitative measurement of 100 channels and communicates wireless with a computer. The emphasis is given to the sensor principle, the design, fabrication technology and integration of the thin film devices.
"Between what we know and what we do not know": Alice Munro's 'Walker Brothers Cowboy' (2014)

Narratives of growing-up or coming-of-age, which have traditionally been referred to as Bildungsromane have particularly appealed to and inspired women writers of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Especially for women writers of minority and ethnic groups from former European colonies the Bildungsroman has transformed into a discursive tool to deconstruct imperialism and resist discriminations of race, class and sex, and to articulate multiple problems relating to the understanding of their identity. Such fictions by women seem to claim that women's experience of life and reality are different from that of men. Even as the experiences of the girl child are different from those of boys, literary representation of experiences of certain events in life as catalytic in the development of a child growing up in a particular culture, community, and family, are in my opinion, to certain extent similar irrespective of the gender of the writer or the protagonist. In this regard this paper shall focus on Alice Munro's short story 'Walker Brothers Cowboy' (1968) as a narrative of growing up of a female protagonist, not into a gendered being but a more mature individual in relationship with her immediate family and society. At the same time this essay shall also discuss the psychological development of the narrator's father as perceived by his daughter through memory and narrative, which will emphasize on human relationships as primarily determining an individual's identity and selfhood.
Road to Tara: The Life of Margaret Mitchell. (1984)

Margaret Mitchell was as complex and compelling as her legendary heroine, Scarlett O'Hara, and her story is as dramatic as anything out of her own imagination-indeed, it is the basis for the legend she created. In this commemorative reprint of Road to Tara, Anne Edwards tells the real story of Margaret Mitchell and the extraordinary novel that is part of our heritage.
Shared and Unique Features Distinguishing Follicular T Helper and Regulatory Cells of Peripheral Lymph Node and Peyer’s Patches (2018)

Follicular helper (TFH) and regulatory (TFR) cells are critical players in managing germinal center (GC) reactions that accomplish effective humoral immune responses. Transcriptome analyses were done comparing gene regulation of TFH and TFR cells isolated from Peyer's Patches (PP) and immunized peripheral lymph nodes (pLNs) revealing many regulatory patterns common to all follicular cells. However, in contrast to TFH cells, the upregulation or downregulation of many genes was attenuated substantially in pLN TFR cells when compared to those of PP. Additionally, PP but not pLN TFR cells were largely unresponsive to IL2 and expressed <i>Il4</i> as well as <i>Il21</i>. Together with fundamental differences in gene expression that were found between cells of both compartments this emphasizes specific adaptations of follicular T cell functions to their micro-milieu. Moreover, although GL7 expression distinguishes matured follicular T cells, GL7<sup>+</sup> as well as GL7<sup>-</sup> cells are present in the GC.