gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Traditional therapy of dracunculiasis in the state of Bauchi - Nigeria]. (1993)

Traditional medicinal treatments of guinea worm being applied in various parts of Bauchi State were investigated. Extracts of leaves of a number of plants were universally applied topically. Users perceived relief of pain and accelerated expulsion of worms and healing process. In particular, Tamarindus indica, Adansonia digitata, Calotropis procera, Ziziphus jaozeiro and Moringa olifera are known in nature to have relevant medicinal properties especially lessening of inflammation, relief of pain, or promoting healing or reducing secondary bacterial infections. The possibility was expressed that some of the herbs might be exerting useful effects and could be exploited for the effective treatment of guinea worm.
Geometry analysis and systematic synthesis of highly porous isoreticular frameworks with a unique topology (2012)

Porous coordination polymers are well known for their easily tailored framework structures and corresponding properties. Although systematic modulations of pore sizes of binary prototypes have gained great success, simultaneous adjustment of both pore size and shape of ternary prototypes remains unexplored, owing to the difficulty in controlling the self-assembly of multiple molecular building blocks. Here we show that simple geometry analysis can be used to estimate the influence of the linker lengths and length ratios on the synthesis/construction difficulties and framework stabilities of a highly symmetric, ternary prototype composed of a typical trinuclear metal cluster and two types of bridging carboxylate ligands. As predicted, systematic syntheses with 5×5 ligand combinations produced 13 highly porous isoreticular frameworks, which show not only systematic adjustment of pore volumes (0.49-2.04 cm(3) g(-1)) and sizes (7.8-13.0 Å; 5.2-12.0 Å; 7.4-17.4 Å), but also anisotropic modulation of the pore shapes.
Amino Acid Sequence of a Novel Calmodulin from the (1985)

An amino acid sequence for a Chiamydomonas calmodulin has been elucidated with emphasis on the characterization of differences that are unique to Chlamydomonas and Dictyostelium calmodulin. While the concentration of calmodulin required for half-maximal activation of plant NAD kinase varies among vertebrate, higher plant, algal, and slime mold calmodulins, only calmodulins from the unicellular alga Chiamydomonas and the slime mold Dictyostelium show increased maximal activation of NAD kinase (Roberts, Burgess, Watterson 1984 Plant Physiol 75: 796798; Marshak, Clarke, Roberts, Watterson 1984 Biochemistry 23: 28912899). The same preparations of calmodulin do not show major differences in phosphodiesterase or myosin light chain kinase activator activity. We report here that a Chlamydomonas calmodulin has four primary structural features similar to Dictyostelium that are not found in other calmodulins characterized to date: an altered carboxy terminus including a novel 11-residue extension for Chlamydomonas calmodulin, unique residues at positions 81 and 118, and an unmethylated lysine at position 115. The only amino acid sequence identity unique to Chlamydomonas and Dictyostelium calmodulin is the presence of a lysine at position 115 instead of a trimethyllysine. These studies indicate that the methylation state of lysine 115 may be important in the maximal NAD kinase activator activity of calmodulin and support the concept that calmodulin has multiple functional domains in addition to multiple structural domains. Calmodulin is a low mol wt, acidic, Ca-binding protein that has been detected in all eukaryotic cells examined (for a review, see 2, 7, 13, and 27). The protein contains four homologous structural domains and has multiple biochemical activities. Primary structures and activities of calmodulins from bovine brain (26, 27), human brain (19), rabbit skeletal muscle (14), rat testes (3), chicken (16, 24), electric eel (10), scallop (23), Renilla (5), Metridium senile (22), plant (11, 20), Tetrahymena (28), and slime mold (12) demonstrate that calmodulin is a highly conserved protein in terms of both structure and function. However, recent reports indicate that some biochemical activities of calmodulin may not be as highly conserved as other activities (4, 6, 8, 17). In addition to being widely distributed throughout eukaryotic species, calmodulin is a member of a family of Ca-modulated proteins that have varying degrees of structural and functional similarities. With the possibility of calmodulin isotypes or calmodulin and calmodulin-like proteins being present in the same cell (1, 18, 25), it becomes imperative that the biochemical properties of each protein from this family of proteins be elucidated in order to fully interpret biological studies of Ca regulation of cellular responses.
Optical nanotransmission lines: synthesis of planar left-handed metamaterials in the infrared and visible regimes (2006)

Following our recent theoretical development of the concepts of nanoinductors, nanocapacitors, and nanoresistors at optical frequencies and the possibility of synthesizing more complex nanoscale circuits, we theoretically investigate in detail the problem of optical nanotransmission lines (NTLs) that can be envisioned by properly joining together arrays of these basic nanoscale circuit elements. We show how, in the limit in which these basic circuit elements are closely packed together, NTLs can be regarded as stacks of plasmonic and nonplasmonic planar slabs, which may be designed to effectively exhibit the properties of planar metamaterials with forward (right-handed) or backward (left-handed) operation. With the proper design, negative refraction and left-handed propagation are shown to be possible in these planar plasmonic guided-wave structures, providing possibilities for subwavelength focusing and imaging in planar optics and laterally confined waveguiding at IR and visible frequencies. The effective material parameters for such NTLs are derived, and the connection and analogy between these optical NTLs and the double-negative and double-positive metamaterials are also explored. Physical insights and justification for the results are also presented.
Product Selectivity Affected by Cationic Species in Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 and CO at a Cu Electrode (1991)

Abstract Electroreduction of CO2 and CO was studied with a copper electrode in hydrogencarbonate solutions of various cations. Product selectivity was greatly affected by cationic species as well as HCO3− concentration. H2 evolution prevailed over CO2 reduction in Li+ electrolyte, whereas CO2 reduction was favorable in Na+, K+, and Cs+ solutions. C2H4 formation became greater than CH4 with increase of the cation size, i.e. with sequence of Li+, Na+, K+, Cs+. The variation of the product selectivity caused by cationic species is rationalized by the difference of outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) potential. The OHP potential will vary with cationic species in accordance with the degree of specific adsorption. The concentration of H+ at the electrode will depend upon the OHP potential, since H+ is a charged species. This difference of pH at the electrode will lead to the variation of product selectivity.
Symptomatic Treatment of Migraine in Children: A Systematic Review of Medication Trials (2005)

Acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and nasal-spray sumatriptan are all effective symptomatic pharmacologic treatments for episodes of migraine in children. The new frontier for symptomatic treatment is likely to be the development of triptan agents for use in children. Most treatments have only been evaluated in 1 or 2 studies, which limits the generalizability of the findings. We strongly recommend performing a large, high-quality randomized, controlled trial evaluating different symptomatic medications compared with each other or to placebo treatment. Favorable high-quality studies should be performed and reported according to the CONSORT statement. Clinical improvement of HA should be used as the primary outcome measure, but quality of life, days missed at school, and satisfaction of child or parents should also be used as an outcome measure in future studies.
Measurement of TIG weld pool surface temperature distribution by UV radiation thermometry (2003)

Accurate measurement of temperature is very important for monitoring or controlling the production process. Development of radiation thermometers has been remarkable in recent years. However, to measure accurate temperature, the infrared radiation thermometry have to calibrate emissivities of objects. Without calibration of emissivities, serious error is appears. This error can be reduced, if radiation of shorter wavelength, such as the ultra-violet range, is observed. UV radiation thermometry can measure temperature distributions of the stainless steel TIG weld pool accurately without correcting the emissivity.
Functional motifs of delta antigen essential for RNA binding and replication of hepatitis delta virus (1993)

The functions of delta antigens (HDAgs) in the replication of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) have been identified previously. The small HDAg acts as a transactivator, whereas the large HDAg has a negative effect on replication. To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in the control of HDV replication, we have established a replication system in Huh-7 cells by cotransfecting a monomeric cDNA genome of HDV and a plasmid encoding the small HDAg. We demonstrate that a leucine repeat in the middle domain of the small HDAg is involved in binding to the HDV genome and transactivation of HDV replication. When the leucine repeat was disrupted by a substitution of valine for leucine at position 115, both RNA-binding and transactivation activity of the small HDAg were abolished. In contrast, the binding and transactivation activities were not affected when Leu-37 and Leu-44 of the small HDAg were replaced by valines. In addition, small and large HDAgs can interact with each other to form protein complexes in vitro. The complex formation that may lead to the trans-dominant negative regulation of large HDAg in HDV replication is mediated by a cryptic signal located between amino acid residues 35 and 65 other than the putative N-terminal leucine zipper motif. Furthermore, an extra 21-amino-acid extension near the N terminus converts the small HDAg into a pseudo-large HDAg with negative regulation activity of HDV replication even though the extreme C-terminal residue is unchanged.
Study of the deposition of Ti/TiN multilayers by magnetron sputtering (2010)

Abstract In this study, we present the effect of the plasma deposition parameters on the electrical and structural properties of Ti/TiN multilayers. The films were formed by r.f. magnetron sputtering (13.56 MHz) under nitrogen and argon reactive plasma at low pressure. The first step of our study was the optimization of the deposition conditions in order to obtain good‐quality films. The total pressure was set between 2 and 10 mTorr. The primary result is that the self‐bias voltage plays a major role in the structural evolution of TiN films by changing the preferred film orientation and their hardness. The variation of the resistivity as the function of substrate bias was also investigated. The deposited multilayers were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Raman scattering analysis, as well as by the standard four‐probe technique. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Casting solvent effects on the permeability of polymer films of differing quaternary ammonium (cation) content (1987)

Films of certain acrylate-methacrylate copolymers of varying cation (quaternary ammonium) content were cast from three different solvents: acetone, chloroform, and ethanol; their permeability to urea was determined at 30 degrees C. In films containing 66 mole cation mol-1 polymer chain, and cast from acetone, chloroform or ethanol, the permeation rates were 480,900 and 2807 mg h-1, respectively. Differences in permeation rates were however less significant when polymers of cation content lower than 46 mole cation mol-1 polymer chain were used to form films. This observation may relate to differences in the degree of dissociation of the polymer in the different solvents.
Catalytic Conversion of Alkanes to Olefins by Carbon Dioxide Oxidative DehydrogenationA Review (2004)

The utilization of carbon dioxide (CO2), which is one of the main contributors to the greenhouse effect, has been a topic of global interest, from both fundamental and practical viewpoints. In addition to be the sources of carbon, CO2 might also be utilized as an oxygen source or oxidant, because it can be considered to be a nontraditional (mild) oxidant and oxygen transfer agent. In this paper, CO2 as an oxidant for the selective oxidative conversions of alkanes to alkenes has been reviewed, including methane coupling to ethylene, C2−C4 alkanes dehydrogenation to their corresponding olefins, dehydroaromerization of lower hydrocarbons to benzene, and dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene. It has been shown that CO2 has the potential to offer a promising alternative to oxygen for selective oxidation, whereas the catalyst development is the key to the applications.
A piezoelectric transducer for weld defect detection based on first-order shear horizontal (SH1) mode (2015)

Ultrasonic guided wave is a new non-destructive evaluation (NDE) method since it offers the potential to quickly inspect defects along long length of welds. During the mode study, a shear horizontal (SH) mode has been discovered, which is particularly attractive for NDT as it is non-leaky and almost non-dispersive. However, rare weld guided transducers have been developed so far, let alone used for wide commercialization. This paper develops a new piezoelectric transducer based on the SH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> mode at high frequency. Experiments have been carried out to validate its performance, including mode verification, energy attenuation calculation and defect detection. The results show that the transducer can work effectively and detect defects with localization errors under 3.5%, which shows great value for further theoretical study as well as engineering applications.
A ditopic fluorescent sensor for potassium fluoride (2004)

The addition of potassium fluoride 'switches on' the fluorescence of sensors and while potassium chloride and bromide cause no fluorescence change; the fluorescence can be 'switched off' by removing the potassium cation from the benzocrown ether receptors of sensors and through the addition of [2.2.2]-cryptand and restored by the addition of the potassium cation as potassium chloride.
Standard Cell Layout Regularity and Pin Access Optimization Considering Middle-of-Line (2015)

As minimum feature size and pitch spacing further decrease in advanced technology nodes, many new design constraints and challenges are introduced, such as regularity, middle of line (MOL) structures, and pin-access challenges. In this work, we propose a comprehensive study on standard cell layout regularity and pin access optimization. Given irregular cell layout from old technology nodes, our cell optimization tool can search unidirectional migrated result where the self-aligned double patterning (SADP) and MOL based design constraints are satisfied, and the pin-accessibility is optimized. This problem is formulated as a general integer linear programming (ILP), which may suffer from long runtime for some large standard cell cases. Therefore, we also develop a set of hybrid techniques to quickly search for high-quality solutions. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
Enhanced Indoor Location Tracking Through Body Shadowing Compensation (2015)

This paper presents a radio frequency (RF)-based location tracking system that improves its performance by eliminating the shadowing caused by the human body of the user being tracked. The presence of such a user will influence the RF signal paths between a body-worn node and the receiving nodes. This influence will vary with the user's location and orientation and, as a result, will deteriorate the performance regarding location tracking. By using multiple mobile nodes, placed on different parts of a human body, we exploit the fact that the combination of multiple measured signal strengths will show less variation caused by the user's body. Another method is to compensate explicitly for the influence of the body by using the user's orientation toward the fixed infrastructure nodes. Both approaches can be independently combined and reduce the influence caused by body shadowing, hereby improving the tracking accuracy. The overall system performance is extensively verified on a building-wide testbed for sensor experiments. The results show a significant improvement in tracking accuracy. The total improvement in mean accuracy is 38.1% when using three mobile nodes instead of one and simultaneously compensating for the user's orientation.
An Interdisciplinary Problem-Based Learning Project for Assistive Technology Education (1997)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the development, implementation, and outcomes of an extended problem-based learning project imbedded in an interdisciplinary assistive technology course. Students representing four health care disciplines worked together in small groups to address the complex needs of clients with significant issues regarding assistive technology (seating and mobility, augmentative communication, and computer access) and adaptive function. Problem-based learning was seen as a way to enhance the students' clinical reasoning and problem-solving skills and provide a "real life" treatment in a team experience. Formal and informal course evaluation results yielded qualitative data that reflected highly favorable impressions of the problem-based learning project, as well as suggestions for the future.
Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery (2016)

The evidence is currently of low quality which is insufficient to refute or support anti-VEGF subconjunctival injection for control of wound healing in glaucoma surgery. The effect on IOP control of anti-VEGF agents in glaucoma patients undergoing trabeculectomy is still uncertain, compared to MMC.Further RCTs of anti-VEGF subconjunctival injection in glaucoma surgery are required, particularly compared to sham treatment with at least 12 months follow-up.
Heterolignanolides: Antitumor Activity of Furyl‐, Thienyl‐, and Pyridyl Analogs of Lignanolides (1995)

A new class of heteroaromatic analogs of lignans, called heterolignanolides, have been tested against several tumor cell lines. These compounds carry diverse heterocyclic rings, instead of the trimethoxyphenyl ring found in the natural lignans yatein and podorhizol. They have moderate antineoplastic activity (P-388, A-549, HT-29) compared with that of yatein. None of the tested compounds has discernible antiviral (HSV-1, VSV) or enzyme inhibitor (ADA, DHFR, GST) activity.
Altered expression of monocyte IgA Fc receptors is associated with defective endocytosis in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Potential role for IFN-γ (1995)

Expression, saturation, and endocytosis of IgA Fc receptors (Fc alpha R) were analyzed in blood phagocytic cells of patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC). Surface Fc alpha R expression was decreased in monocytes but not in neutrophils, as evaluated by IgA binding and anti-Fc alpha R mAb. The Fc alpha R of ALC patients were saturated by IgA1 and IgA2. ALC Fc alpha R had a higher M(r) (60 to 90 kDa) than those of controls (55 to 75 kDa) with a similar 32-kDa protein core after N-glycanase treatment, suggesting the expression of Fc alpha R molecules with altered carbohydrate moieties. Treatment of U937 cells with IFN-gamma induced a decrease of surface Fc alpha R expression in a dose-dependent manner, with a similar M(r) as observed for ALC patient Fc alpha R (60 to 90 kDa). Fc alpha R endocytosis was induced by anti-Fc alpha R or IgA. Neutrophils internalized Fc alpha R molecules faster than did monocytes. Endocytosed Fc alpha R co-localized with cathepsin D, suggesting an endolysosomal compartment pathway. In ALC monocytes, Fc alpha R endocytosis was defective, with nearly 50 to 60% of receptors detected on the cell surface even after 90 min at 37 degrees C. Similarly, delayed Fc alpha R endocytosis was observed on IFN-gamma-treated U937 cells as compared with PMA-activated cells. Defective internalization of surface-bound IgA with reflux of IgA to cell surface was also observed on ALC monocytes, but not on normal cells preincubated with patients' plasma, ruling out direct effects of IgA. The inverse correlation between monocyte Fc alpha R levels and serum IgA levels associated with defective endocytosis suggest that altered Fc alpha R expression might contribute to receptor saturation and generation of increased plasma levels of IgA and IgA-immune complexes in ALC patients.
<title>Theoretical and experimental evaluation of waveguide Talbot array illuminators</title> (1997)

The Talbot effect is known as a very effective means to illuminate an array of micro-optical components. In this paper, we analyze the Talbot effect along optical multimode slab waveguides with respect to array illumination and present some experimental results. The analysis is based on (1) the seemingly infinite reproduction of the waveguide aperture in the aperture plane caused by kaleidoscopic total reflections in the waveguide walls, and (2) numerical evaluations of the Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction formula. The aperture function is generated by phase elements that are based on Ronchy-type phase gratings with a phase step of 180 degree. The analysis is carried out both for mirror waveguides and dielectric waveguides. The experimental verification of the calculated results was obtained by placing a binary phase grating close to the aperture of a rectangular quartz-glass dielectric waveguide.
Arc Fault Management Using Solid State Switching (2004)

In arc fault circuit breakers, the choice of a fault detection sensitivity is generally made as a compromise between speed of detection and avoidance of nuisance trips. By using solid state switching with a variable arc fault detection threshold, the best of both worlds can be obtained. This paper describes baseline experiments on arc fault management through the use of solid state switching. Direct current testing on series arcs and on parallel arcs across carbonized paths suggests that in some cases, an arc event can be actively managed. This allows a reduced level of power to be supplied to a critical system even in the presence of a fault condition. In cases where fault management is not appropriate, solid state fault interruption technology allows the ability to reset a nuisance trip, enabling more sensitive trip thresholds to be used.
Impact of Multipurpose Solutions Released from Contact Lenses on Corneal Cells (2010)

Our results indicate an increase in cytotoxicity with borate-based MPS solutions in vitro when compared with both phosphate-buffered saline and borate-exposed lenses, suggesting that biocides and/or additives play a role in the observed cell reaction. Moreover, the mechanism of in vitro solution-induced toxicity appeared to be mediated by lens type, suggesting differences in the preferential adsorption/release profile of certain compounds.