gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A porous silicon based particle filter for microsystems (2007)

Abstract A porous silicon (PS) based particle filter has been fabricated and tested for integrated microsystems. By engineering the morphology of the porous silicon membrane, depth filtration with high collection efficiency in the submicron range (0.3∼1 μm), low pressure‐drop, and large filtration capacity (0.5 mg/cm 2 ) has been demonstrated. With the PS particle filter, on‐board gas filtration can be achieved. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
O'nyong-nyong fever: An epidemic virus disease in East Africa 1. Introduction (1960)

Journal Article O'nyong-nyong fever: An epidemic virus disease in East Africa 1. Introduction Get access A. J. Haddow, A. J. Haddow Director Ministry of Health, Uganda Protectorate, Uganda Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. W. Davies, D.M.S., C. W. Davies, D.M.S. Permanent Secretary East African Virus Research Institute, East Africa Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. J. Walker A. J. Walker Permanent Secretary/Chief Medical Officer Ministry of Health, Kenya Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 54, Issue 6, November 1960, Pages 517–522, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(60)90025-0 Published: 01 November 1960
<title>LIGA: metals, plastics, and ceramics</title> (1999)

LIGA, an acronym from the German words for Lithography, Electroforming, and Molding, is being evaluated worldwide as a method to produce microparts from engineering materials. Much of the work to date in LIGA has focused on producing metal microparts, with nickel as the most common material of choice. There is a growing interest in producing plastic parts replicated from LIGA metal masters due largely to microanalytical instrumentation and medical applications. These plastic replicates are generally made by either hot embossing or injection molding. Ceramic replication, of particular interest for high temperature applications or to produce piezoelectric or magnetic microparts, is also emerging as an area of interest. In this paper, a model of the LIGA exposure and development processes is presented along with the result of numerical optimization of mask design and process cost. The baseline processes for a cost- effective method to produce metal microparts are discussed, along with replication methods and result for plastics and ceramics.
Reaction of 3-Hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones with Lawesson Reagent. Synthesis of Isoindoline-1-thiones (1989)

Treatment of 3-hydroxyisoindolin-1-ones 1 with Lawesson reagent gave isoindoline-1-thiones 2, by direct thionation and reductive elimination of hydroxy group, in good yields.
A digital workflow for modeling of custom dental implants (2019)

Modern dental treatment with standard screw-type implants leave some cases unaddressed in patients with extreme jaw bone resorption. Custom-made subperiosteal dental implant could be an alternative treatment modality to sinus lift, nerve lateralization or zygomatic implant techniques. Subperiosteal dental implants were utilized for many years to treat such patients. A combination of traditional subperiosteal implant designs with current advancements in 3D imaging, design and printing allow to reduces treatment time and provides abutments for prostheses in cases where other techniques do not provide satisfactory results. The data manipulation and design software are important aspects in the manufacturing of custom implants. Programs that are specialized for industrial or medical design typically cost tens of thousands of US dollars. In this work I establish and test steps for design and production of a custom medical device (subperiosteal implant) from patient computed tomography (CT) data. Work stages to be defined are: selection of necessary software, CT data processing, 3D virtual model creation, modeling technique for custom implant and data file preparation for printing. Patient CT data was successfully converted into a watertight STL (Standard Tessellation Language) model of the maxilla. Error corrections and design were completed using freely available programs from Autodesk Inc.. The implant was produced in Ti64 (a type 5 titanium alloy) using three-dimensional (3D) printing DMLS (direct metal laser sintering) process. The avoidance of high cost software makes this treatment modality more accessible to smaller clinics or mid-size production facilities and subsequently more available to patients.
Tumor-Targeted Enzyme/Prodrug Therapy Mediates Long-term Disease-Free Survival of Mice Bearing Disseminated Neuroblastoma (2007)

Neural stem cells and progenitor cells migrate selectively to tumor loci in vivo. We exploited the tumor-tropic properties of HB1.F3.C1 cells, an immortalized cell line derived from human fetal telencephalon, to deliver the cDNA encoding a secreted form of rabbit carboxylesterase (rCE) to disseminated neuroblastoma tumors in mice. This enzyme activates the prodrug CPT-11 more efficiently than do human enzymes. Mice bearing multiple tumors were treated with rCE-expressing HB1.F3.C1 cells and schedules of administration of CPT-11 that produced levels of active drug (SN-38) tolerated by patients. Both HB1.F3.C1 cells and CPT-11 were given i.v. None of the untreated mice and 30% of mice that received only CPT-11 survived long term. In contrast, 90% of mice treated with rCE-expressing HB1.F3.C1 cells and 15 mg/kg CPT-11 survived for 1 year without detectable tumors. Plasma carboxylesterase activity and SN-38 levels in mice receiving both rCE-expressing HB1.F3.C1 cells (HB1.F3.C1/AdCMVrCE) and CPT-11 were comparable with those in mice receiving CPT-11 only. These data support the hypothesis that the antitumor effect of the described neural stem/progenitor cell-directed enzyme prodrug therapy (NDEPT) is mediated by production of high concentrations of active drug selectively at tumor sites, thereby maximizing the antitumor effect of CPT-11. NDEPT approaches merit further investigation as effective, targeted therapy for metastatic tumors. We propose that the described approach may have greatest use for eradicating minimum residual disease.
Cholangiocyte biology (2006)

Understanding the key mechanistic and biologic processes in cholangiocytes is required to generate hypotheses and therapies relevant to disease. This compendium of current activities in cholangiocyte biology may promote collegial sharing and exchange of novel concepts, ideas, reagents and probes, thereby promoting positive advances in the field.
Dislocation reduction in GaN grown on stripe patterned r-plane sapphire substrates (2007)

Extended defect reduction in GaN can be achieved via direct growth on stripe patterned (11¯02) r-plane sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The striped mesa is along [112¯0] with two etched sides in {0001} and {11¯01} faces. GaN grown on both etched facets in epitaxy exhibit different crystallographic relationships with sapphire substrate which are (11¯02)sapphire‖(112¯0)GaN and [112¯0]sapphire‖[1¯100]GaN, and (0001)sapphire‖(0001)GaN and [112¯0]sapphire‖[1¯100]GaN, respectively. The dislocation densities can be significantly reduced through epitaxial growth on the inclined lateral faces of mesas. Dislocation density in the order of ∼107cm−2 can be achieved in the tilted GaN.
The p53 tumor suppressor protein protects against chemotherapeutic stress and apoptosis in human medulloblastoma cells (2015)

Medulloblastoma (MB), a primitive neuroectodermal tumor, is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and remains incurable in about a third of patients. Currently, survivors carry a significant burden of late treatment effects. The p53 tumor suppressor protein plays a crucial role in influencing cell survival in response to cellular stress and while the p53 pathway is considered a key determinant of anti-tumor responses in many tumors, its role in cell survival in MB is much less well defined. Herein, we report that the experimental drug VMY-1-103 acts through induction of a partial DNA damage-like response as well induction of non-survival autophagy. Surprisingly, the genetic or chemical silencing of p53 significantly enhanced the cytotoxic effects of both VMY and the DNA damaging drug, doxorubicin. The inhibition of p53 in the presence of VMY revealed increased late stage apoptosis, increased DNA fragmentation and increased expression of genes involved in apoptosis, including CAPN12 and TRPM8, p63, p73, BIK, EndoG, CIDEB, P27Kip1 and P21cip1. These data provide the groundwork for additional studies on VMY as a therapeutic drug and support further investigations into the intriguing possibility that targeting p53 function may be an effective means of enhancing clinical outcomes in MB.
Polymethacrylates with benzylidenephthalimidine side chains, 2. Photocontrol of alignment of a nematic liquid crystal (1998)

The in-plane alignment photocontrol of a nematic liquid crystal (LC) was performed by irradiation of thin films of polymethacrylates with benzylidenephthalimidine (BPI) side chains with linearly polarized UV light. The orientational direction of LC molecules was perpendicular to the electric vector of polarized actinic light and in line with that of BPI moieties in polymer films which were exposed to linearly polarized UV light. Prolonged polarized-light-irradiation leading to sufficient photodimerization did not result in the generation of a homogeneous alignment indicating unequivocally that the photoalignment is caused specifically by polarized-light-induced E/Z photoisomerization. The level of the photoinduced LC alignment was improved by p-methoxyl substitution at the benzylidene residue and by an appropriate choice of an irradiation wavelength giving Z-isomer as a predominant component at a photostationary state. Both effects are interpreted in terms of the molecular shape of BPI favorable for the generation of LC photoalignment. Photodimerization under controlled polarized-light-irradiation conditions enhanced considerably the thermal stability of LC photoalignment owing to the formation of crosslinks.
MOCVD of Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> and Sb<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> on GaAs Substrates for Thin-Film Thermoelectric Applications (2006)

Metal organic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) has been investigated for growth of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films on (001) GaAs substrates using trimethylbismuth, triethylantimony and diisopropyltelluride as metal organic sources. The surface morphologies of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 films were strongly dependent on the deposition temperatures as it varies from a step-flow growth mode to island coalescence structures depending on deposition temperature. In-plane carrier concentration and electrical Hall mobility were highly dependent on precursor ratio of VI/V and deposition temperature. By optimizing growth parameters, we could clearly observe an electrically intrinsic region of the carrier concentration over the 240 K in Bi2Te3 films. The high Seebeck coefficient (of -160 microVK(-1) for Bi2Te3 and +110 microVK(-1) for Sb2Te3 films, respectively) and good surface morphologies of these materials are promising for the fabrication of a few nm thick periodic Bi2Te3/Sb2Te3 super lattice structures for thin film thermoelectric device applications.
Sliding mode control of AC drives (1989)

The application of sliding mode control to permanent-magnet synchronous motors (DC brushless motors), wound-rotor synchronous motors, and asynchronous motors is presented. A unified approach to the control problem of AC machines reveals that a simple control algorithm which effectively solves the problem can be derived using variable-structure system theory. Selection of the control variable (angular position, speed, acceleration, or torque) leaves the basic control structure unchanged, and even current limiting can easily be included. The theoretical results are verified by experiments. The design procedure and experimental results show that this approach provides good behavior of the system in both transient and steady-state operation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Concepts for the Syntheses of Biotinylated Steroids. Part II:  17β-Estradiol Derivatives as Immunochemical Probes (2000)

Biotinylated 17beta-estradiol (E2) derivatives are helpful probes for a better understanding of biospecific E2 interactions with steroid-binding proteins such as the estrogen receptor and anti-steroid antibodies. We describe synthetic strategies for the biotinylation of E2 toward the 3, 6alpha, and 7alpha positions using biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide esters with different spacers, varying in structure and chain length. Key reaction for biotinylation at the 3 position is the regioselective ether formation of the phenolate E2 anion with a linker mesylate without protecting the 17beta-hydroxyl group. The 6alpha position is accessible via a 3,17beta protected 6alpha-hydroxy E2, prepared by stereospecific sodium borohydride reduction of 6-oxo E2. Direct cyanoethylation of the alcohol followed by reduction to the amine allows the biotinylation to 6alpha-O-coupled cyanoethyloxy linker E2 derivatives. Alternatively, 6alpha-O-coupled cyanoalkyloxy polyether linker E2 probes are obtained by a Williamson ether synthesis of the alcohol precursor with omega-t-butyl-dimethylsilyloxy-5-oxa-nonylmesylate. Cyanoethylation of the desilylated compound and further reduction of the nitrile led to the terminal amine. Reductive amination of the 3, 17beta acetylated 6-oxo E2 compound with 6-cyanoethyloxyhexyl ammonium acetate yields in a mixture of 6alpha/beta-N-alkylated E2 nitriles. The epimers are separated by reversed-phase HPLC and the 6alpha-compound subsequently reduced to the terminal amine. The 7alpha-biotinylated E2 compound is derived from 7alpha-(11'-undecyl-N-methyl-N-butylamide) E2, which is already known from literature. Subsequently, the 3 and 17beta positions are protected, and the amide is reduced to the 7alpha-(11'-undecanol) compound. Further cyanoethylation and reduction led to the 11'-amino-ethyloxyundecyl E2. Using (1)H NMR analysis, it could be shown that the biotin moiety of the biotinylated 6alpha- and 7alpha-E2 derivatives has an axial position which results in a vertical orientation of the substituent toward the alpha-face of the planar tetracyclic backbone. Thus, a negligible alteration of the original structure of the upper beta-face offers the feasibility of applying the 6alpha- and 7alpha-derivatives as optimal tracers in competitive immunoassays.
Tracing the origins of postoperative atrial fibrillation: the concept of oxidative stress-mediated myocardial injury phenomenon (2008)

Inflammatory factors and oxidative stress play a major role in the pathogenesis of postoperative AF. This review provides an analysis of current evidence in support of efforts directed at antiinflammatory and antioxidant agents as interventions.
Modern Cataract Surgery (2002)

New cataract removal techniques, anesthesia and viscoelastic substances, and the implantation of modern intraocular lenses are essential topics in the fast developing field of ophthalmic surgery. This publication provides a comprehensive update discussing these items thoroughly. Special emphasis is given to the management of mature cataract and ph
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Is More Prevalent in Blacks Than Whites in the General Population (2005)

Although recent studies have suggested that blacks compared with whites have an increased prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy, it remains uncertain whether this is true despite adjustment for body composition (fat mass and fat-free mass) and when assessed by cardiac MRI in the general population. The Dallas Heart Study is a population-based study of Dallas County in which 1335 black and 858 white participants 30 to 67 years of age underwent detailed assessment including dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan to measure body composition and cardiac MRI. Left ventricular hypertrophy, whether defined by indexation to body surface area (P<0.001), fat-free mass (P=0.002), or height2.7 (P<0.001) was 2- to 3-fold more common in black versus white women. Similar results were seen when comparing black and white men (P<0.001 when left ventricular hypertrophy was indexed to body surface area or height2.7 and P=0.05 when indexed to fat-free mass). Ethnic disparities in left ventricular mass persisted in multivariable models despite adjustment for fat mass, fat-free mass, systolic blood pressure, age, gender, and measures of socioeconomic status. We conclude that blacks compared with whites have increased left ventricular mass and a 2- to 3-fold higher prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy in the general population, as assessed by cardiac MRI. The ethnic differences in left ventricular mass are independent of differences in body composition.
Crystalline properties of ferroelectric-relaxor PMN-PT thin films by pulsed laser deposition (2003)

The dielectric and crystalline properties of ferroelectric thin films of 0.9[Pb(Mg/sub 1/3/Nb/sub 2/3/)O/sub 3/]-0.1PbTiO/sub 3/ (.9PMN-.1PT) have been investigated. Ceramic targets of 0.9PMN-0.1PT with and without excess PbO were used for thin film deposition and were grown on substrates of SrTiO/sub 3/ LaAlO/sub 3/, MgO, and Pt/TiO/sub 2//SiO/sub 2//Si using pulsed laser ablation deposition. It was shown that the phase purity of the films was dependent on the film thickness. Furthermore we have shown that as the thickness of the films increases from 100nm to 600nm there is a progressive decline in the local strain and hence an improvement in the local crystallinity of the films. The dielectric constant for our films (3900 at 10KHz) is higher than previous reports on 0.9PMN-0.1PT films. We have also shown that there is considerable benefit in changing lower electrodes. The XRD shows that the films are highly c-axis orientated as grown on YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (001) or SrRuO/sub 3/ (001) and (111) orientated on Pt(111) lower electrodes. The sizes of the grains depend upon the nucleation density and the rate of growth onto the lower electrode used. Slower growth rates lead to excess of lead in the film at the grain boundaries while accelerated growth rates lead to higher porosity's. It was shown that annealing for 1 hour at 600/spl deg/C reduces porosity and improves surface quality.
Performance of Neighboring Indoor 5G Micro Operators with Dynamic TDD (2018)

Local small cell deployments complementing the coverage of the existing outdoor networks are vital for the future 5G networks. To make the ultra-dense indoor network deployments more cost-efficient and to promote innovation and competition in the market, new local business and spectrum authorization models are needed. One such model is the recently proposed micro operator concept with spectrum micro licensing that allows the establishment of building-specific 5G networks. While evaluating the applicability of this new concept, the impact of the inter-operator interference on the performance of the victim micro operator needs to be understood. The system simulation results shown in this paper demonstrate how the cochannel interference between two uncoordinated micro operators utilizing dynamic TDD in the 3.5 GHz band and located inside neighboring buildings can result in large throughput losses if the buildings are within a few hundred meters from each other. The main cause for these losses is the interference from the other operator's base stations. Finally, it is shown that the performance losses are highly scenario-specific: a denser victim network deployment, or a victim network with a higher load suffers less from any external interference. Therefore, the traditional approach of defining a single separation distance for the worst case scenario does not properly model the specifics of 5G networks and can lead to overly protective requirements.
Solution-derived electrodes and dielectrics for low-cost and high-capacitance trench and Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) capacitors (2011)

This paper explores and demonstrates a novel technique to conformally coat solution-derived electrodes and dielectric films over Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) or Through-Silicon Trench (TST) structures. In this technique, precursor solution for electrode or dielectric coatings is dispensed on the top of a TSV wafer and infiltrated through the via by creating a pressure gradient. Two material systems used in capacitors, Lanthanum Nickel Oxide (LNO) as electrode and Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) as dielectric, were deposited on the TSV surfaces using this technique. SEM cross-section analysis showed that the vacuum-infiltration can be extended to conformally coat on trenches with aspect ratios of greater than 5. A planar capacitor with density of 3 μF/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and low leakage was fabricated to demonstrate the material compatibility. Using this technique, a trench capacitor device can be fabricated with an all-solution coating process, without involving any expensive deposition tools. This can thus eliminate costly platinum electrodes that are frequently required to yield high permittivity PZT films. This technique can also address the through-put limitations of today's conformal deposition technologies such as sputtering, Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD). The tool and process can also be applied to other 3D silicon structures where conformal ceramic coatings are needed.
Indoor MIMO Channels with Polarization Diversity: Measurements and Performance Analysis (2006)

This thesis deals with dual-polarized multiple input multiple output (MIMO) channels,\nan important issue for the practical deployment of multiple antenna systems. The MIMO\narchitecture has the potential to dramatically improve the performance of wireless systems.\nMuch of the focus of research has been on uni-polarized spatial MIMO configurations,\nthe performance of which, is a strong function of the inter-element spacing. Thus the\ncurrent trend of miniaturization, seems to be at odds with the implementation of spatial\nconfigurations in portable handheld devices. In this regard, dual-polarized antennas present\nan attractive alternative for realizing higher order MIMO architectures in compact devices.\n\nUnlike spatial channels, in the presence of polarization diversity, the subchannels of\nthe MIMO channel matrix are not identically distributed. They differ in terms of average\nreceived power, envelope distributions, and correlation properties. In this thesis, we report\non an indoor channel measurement campaign conducted at 2.4 GHz, to measure the copolarized\nand cross-polarized subchannels, under line-of-sight (LOS) and non-line-of-sight\n(NLOS) channel conditions. The measured data is then analyzed, to draw a fair comparison\nbetween spatial and dual-polarized MIMO systems, in terms of channel characteristics and\nachievable capacity.\n\nThe main drawback of the MIMO architecture is that the gain in capacity comes at a\ncost of increased hardware complexity. Antenna selection is a technique using which we can\nalleviate this cost. We emphasize that this strategy is all the more relevant for compact\ndevices, which are often constrained by complexity, power and cost. Using theoretical analysis and measurement results, this thesis investigates the performance of antenna selection\nin dual-polarized MIMO channels. Our results indicate that, antenna selection when combined\nwith dual-polarized antennas, is an effective, low-complexity solution to the problem\nof realizing higher order MIMO architectures in compact devices.