gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Utilisation of contour criteria in micro-segmentation of SAR images (2004)

The segmentation of SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) images is greatly complicated by the presence of coherent speckle. To carry out this process a hierarchical segmentation algorithm based on stepwise optimization is used. It starts with each individual pixel as a segment and then sequentially merges the segment pair that minimizes the criterion. In a hypothesis testing approach, we show how the stepwise merging criterion is derived from the probability model of image regions. The Ward criterion is derived from the Gaussian additive noise model. A new criterion is derived from the multiplicative speckle noise model of SAR images. The first merging steps produce micro-regions. With standard merging criteria, the high noise level of SAR images results in the production of micro-regions that have unreliable mean and variance values and irregular shapes. If the micro-segments are not correctly delimited then the following steps will merge segments from different fields. In examining the evolution of the initial segments, we see that the merging should take into account spatial aspects. In particular, the segment contours should have good shapes. We present three measures based on contour shapes, using the perimeter, the area and the boundary length of segments. These measures are combined with the SAR criterion in order to guide correctly the segment merging process. The new criterion produces good micro-segmentation of SAR images. The criterion is also used in the following merges to produce larger segments. This is illustrated by synthetic and real image results.
A Highly Chemoselective, Diastereoselective, and Regioselective Epoxidation of Chiral Allylic Alcohols with Hydrogen Peroxide, Catalyzed by Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalates: Enhancement of Reactivity and Control of Selectivity by the Hydroxy Group Through Metal—Alcoholate Bonding. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Digital PLL With a Stochastic Time-to-Digital Converter (2008)

A new dual-loop digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) architecture is presented. It employs a stochastic time-to-digital converter (STDC) and a high-frequency delta-sigma dithering to achieve wide PLL bandwidth and low jitter at the same time. The STDC exploits the stochastic properties of a set of latches to achieve high resolution. A prototype DPLL test chip has been fabricated in a 0.13-mum CMOS process, features a 0.7-1.7-GHz oscillator tuning range and a 6.9-ps rms jitter, and consumes 17 mW under 1.2-V supply while operating at 1.2 GHz.
Novel PDE4 Inhibitors Derived from Chinese Medicine Forsythia (2014)

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is a crucial intracellular second messenger molecule that converts extracellular molecules to intracellular signal transduction pathways generating cell- and stimulus-specific effects. Importantly, specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) subtypes control the amplitude and duration of cAMP-induced physiological processes and are therefore a prominent pharmacological target currently used in a variety of fields. Here we tested the extracts from traditional Chinese medicine, Forsythia suspense seeds, which have been used for more than 2000 years to relieve respiratory symptoms. Using structural-functional analysis we found its major lignin, Forsynthin, acted as an immunosuppressant by inhibiting PDE4 in inflammatory and immune cell. Moreover, several novel, selective small molecule derivatives of Forsythin were tested in vitro and in murine models of viral and bacterial pneumonia, sepsis and cytokine-driven systemic inflammation. Thus, pharmacological targeting of PDE4 may be a promising strategy for immune-related disorders characterized by amplified host inflammatory response.
Loss of E-Cadherin-Dependent Cell-Cell Adhesion due to Mutation of the β-Catenin Gene in a Human Cancer Cell Line, HSC-39 (1995)

Detachment of cell-cell adhesion is indispensable for the first step of invasion and metastasis of cancer. This mechanism is frequently associated with the impairment of either E-cadherin expression or function. However, mechanisms of such abnormalities have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that the function of E-cadherin was completely abolished in the human gastric cancer cell line HSC-39, despite the high expression of E-cadherin, because of mutations in one of the E-cadherin-associated cytoplasmic proteins, beta-catenin. Although immunofluorescence staining of HSC-39 cells by using an anti-E-cadherin antibody (HECD-1) revealed the strong and uniform expression of E-cadherin on the cell surface, cell compaction and cell aggregation were not observed in this cell. Western blotting (immunoblotting) using HECD-1 exhibited a 120-kDa band which is equivalent to normal E-cadherin. Northern (RNA) blotting demonstrated a 4.7-kb band, the same as mature E-cadherin mRNA. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled proteins with HECD-1 revealed three bands corresponding to E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, and gamma-catenin and a 79-kDa band which was apparently smaller than that of normal beta-catenin, indicating truncated beta-catenin. The 79-kDa band was immunologically identified as beta-catenin by using immunoblotting with anti-beta-catenin antibodies. Examination of beta-catenin mRNA by the reverse transcriptase-PCR method revealed a transcript which was shorter than that of normal beta-catenin. The sequencing of PCR product for beta-catenin confirmed deletion in 321 bases from nucleotides +82 to +402. Southern blotting of beta-catenin DNA disclosed mutation at the genomic level. Expression vectors of Beta-catenin were introduced into HSC-39 cells by transfection. In the obtained transfectants, E-cadherin-dependent cell-cell adhesiveness was recovered, as revealed by cell compaction, cell aggregation, and immunoflourescence staining. From these results, it was concluded that in HSC-39 cells, impaired cell-cell adhesion is due to mutations in beta-catenin which results in the dysfunction of E-cadherin.
The 'stem cell' concept: is it holding us back? (2009)

Developmental biology, regenerative medicine and cancer biology are increasingly occupied with the molecular characterization of stem cells. Yet recent work adds to a growing body of literature suggesting that 'stemness' cannot be reduced to the molecular features of cell types, and is instead an emergent property of cell lineages under feedback control.
Structures of peptides from α‐amino acids methylated at the α‐carbon, (1993)

The structural preferences of peptides (and depsipeptides) from the achiral MeAib and Hib residues, and the chiral Iva, (alpha Me) Val, (alpha Me) Leu, and (alpha Me) Phe residues, as determined by conformational energy computations, x-ray diffraction analyses, and 1H-nmr and spectroscopic studies, are reviewed and compared with literature data on Aib-containing peptides. The results obtained indicate that helical structures are preferentially adopted by peptides rich in these alpha-amino acids methylated at the alpha-carbon. Intriguing experimental findings on the impact of the chirality of Iva, (alpha Me) Val, and (alpha Me) Phe residues on helix screw sense are illustrated.
Double immunofluorescent staining using two unconjugated primary antisera raised in the same species. (1996)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) capable of recognizing developmental stage-specific neuronal epitopes are becoming increasingly available. Because most of these MAbs are raised in a single species (mouse), simultaneous immunofluorescent detection of multiple epitopes has been difficult. We have taken advantage of the high sensitivity of tyramide signal amplification to develop a protocol that permits simultaneous detection of two antibodies raised in the same species. One primary antibody was applied at a concentration below the detection limit of fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies, yet sufficient for detection with the tyramide system. This first primary antibody was then effectively neglected during application of a second primary antibody that was detected by conventional fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies. Specifically, dual labeling for nestin and MAP2 was used to distinguish neuronal stem cells and precursor cells from immature postmitotic neurons, and synapsin I and GAP43 immunostaining was used to distinguish neurons with established synaptic connections from developing neurons. We have used this technique for staining both tissue sections and cultured cells from the embryonic mouse brain. This technique should be widely applicable and offers a simple procedure for simultaneously detecting two antigens when antibodies from only a single species are available.
Dental Magnetic Attachment with Integrated Structure Utilizing Fe-Pt Magnet. (2000)

A new type of magnetic circuit for dental magnetic attachment is proposed for use on vital teeth. The circuit is called an “integrated structure.” Fe-Pt alloy was selected as the magnetic material, as it is superior in corrosion resistance in the hostile oral environment. Thin-film technology, such as photolithography and sputtering, was used to fabricate the structure. The experimental manufacture has proved that the new structure is effective in greatly reducing the height of magnetic attachment, thus enabling the attachment to be applied on vital teeth.
A Study on Performance Perceptions of Hospital Coordinators (2009)

The goal of this paper is to estimate firm performance of hospital coordinators through a survey on employees of medical institutions placed in Busan and Ulsan. The survey for this paper is constituted by 34 questions of 4 groups related to firm performance, qualification requirement, general fact and a certificate of qualification. The survey was carried out from September 12th, 2008 to September 24th 2008 and 388 question sheets collected finally and used for result analysis. In the result analyses related to hospital coordinator and firm performance, we found some principal outcomes such that 88.6% of respondents approved that hospital image by patients and customers is raised, 87.7% of respondents approved that degree of patient's satisfaction on hospital services is raised, and 81.5% of respondents approved that employees recognized importance of services on customers, by hospital coordinators. In the result analysis on differences in firm performance by presence of a certificate of qualification for hospital coordinator, there were meaningful differences in degree of patient's satisfaction, financial performance and degree of employee's recognition on importance of services. From the all of the above results, we verified that establishment and improvement of educational process for hospital coordinator should be performed through researches on degree of patient's and costumer's satisfaction for hospital coordinator, degree of hospital coordinator's satisfaction for the job and surveys of requirements from related industry.
Radar Spectrum Engineering and Management: Technical and Regulatory Issues (2014)

The radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic spectrum, extending from below 1 MHz to above 100 GHz, represents a precious resource. It is used for a wide range of purposes, including communications, radio and television broadcasting, radionavigation, and sensing. Radar represents a fundamentally important use of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum, in applications which include air traffic control, geophysical monitoring of Earth resources from space, automotive safety, severe weather tracking, and surveillance for defense and security. Nearly all services have a need for greater bandwidth, which means that there will be ever-greater competition for this finite resource. The paper explains the nature of the spectrum congestion problem from a radar perspective, and describes a number of possible approaches to its solution both from technical and regulatory points of view. These include improved transmitter spectral purity, passive radar, and intelligent, cognitive approaches that dynamically optimize spectrum use.
Tank 19F Folding Crawler Final Evaluation, Rev. 0 (2000)

The Department of Energy (DOE) is committed to removing millions of gallons of high-level radioactive waste from 51 underground waste storage tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The primary radioactive waste constituents are strontium, plutonium,and cesium. It is recognized that the continued storage of this waste is a risk to the public, workers, and the environment. SRS was the first site in the DOE complex to have emptied and operationally closed a high-level radioactive waste tank. The task of emptying and closing the rest of the tanks will be completed by FY28.
Non-redundant Signal Transduction of Interleukin-6-type Cytokines (2000)

The common use of the cytokine receptor gp130 has served as an explanation for the extremely redundant biological activities exerted by interleukin (IL)-6-type cytokines. Indeed, hardly any differences in signal transduction initiated by these cytokines are known. In the present study, we demonstrate that oncostatin M (OSM), but not IL-6 or leukemia inhibitory factor, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of the Shc isoforms p52 and p66 and their association with Grb2. Concomitantly, OSM turns out to be a stronger activator of ERK1/2 MAPKs. Shc is recruited to the OSM receptor (OSMR), but not to gp130. Binding involves Tyr(861) of the OSMR, located within a consensus binding sequence for the Shc PTB domain. Moreover, Tyr(861) is essential for activation of ERK1/2 and for full activation of the alpha(2)-macroglobulin promoter, but not for an exclusively STAT-responsive promoter. This study therefore provides evidence for qualitative differential signaling mechanisms exerted by IL-6-type cytokines.
Multiple Source Detection and Localization in Advection-Diffusion Processes Using Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

This paper concerns the use of large-scale wireless sensor networks to detect and locate leaks of specified gases in the presence of time-varying advection (air currents) and diffusion. We show that when leaks are rare but constant for long periods, Kalman filtering combined with binary hypothesis testing provides an effective alternative to full-scale hypothesis testing covering all possible combinations of leaks and leak intensities. To reduce energy consumption and use of communication bandwidth, a two-tiered strategy is proposed in which a reduced number of sensors (Tier 1) provides coarse-grid sensing. When a leak is detected by the Tier 1 strategy, fine-grained grids of sensors (Tier 2) are activated around the vicinities of the detected leak areas to provide more precise detection and localization. Energy consumption is further reduced by applying an information versus energy-based dynamic sensor selection technique. Details of a laboratory implementation are presented and simulation results illustrate the approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Magnetic seizure therapy in treatment-resistant depression: clinical, neuropsychological and metabolic effects (2014)

Robust antidepressant and anti-anxiety efficacy of MST was demonstrated, and found to be associated with localized metabolic changes in brain areas that are strongly implicated in depression. Thus, MST presents an effective, well-tolerated and safe treatment option for patients unable to respond to other forms of therapy for depression.
Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication andthe activation of mitogen activated protein kinase by PCBsdepends on substitution of chlorine ortho-position (2002)

Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication and
the activation of mitogen activated protein kinase by PCBs
depends on substitution of chlorine ortho-position
Nanotechnology-Based Detection of Explosives and Biological Agents Simulants (2008)

Nanotechnology based detection of threat agents, such as explosives and biological agents, has been a top research priority at the Center for Chemical Sensors Development at the Department of Chemistry of the University of Puerto Rico-Mayaguez (UPRM). Nanoparticles are of fundamental interest since they possess unique size-dependent properties are quite different from the bulk state. When a bulk metal is reduced in size, its properties begin to change dramatically because the constituent electrons begin to suffer the effects of quantum confinement. One of these important properties deals with the extraordinary enhancement of the intensities of Raman scattering events in chemical systems called surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Until very recently, only aromatic moieties containing strong chromophores or highly delocalized pi electrons would experience such an enhancement, when in close proximity to a silver or gold nanometallic assembly. In other cases, this SERS condition was not sufficient to satisfy the enhanced Raman scattering requirements because of Coulombic repulsions do not allow an intimate contact with the colloidal suspension of nanoparticles. Recent work in the research group includes optimization of particle size, agglomeration rate and ionic strength of the SERS active aqueous colloidal metallic suspensions. Results have led to extend existing benchmarks limits of detection of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-7</sup> M to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> M (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-15</sup> g) in DNT and to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> M (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-19</sup> g) in the case of TNT. Other works include preparation and testing of bimetallic nano-interalloys: Au/Ag and metallic-semiconductor SERS active colloidal substrates: Ag/TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Group members have prepared silver and gold nanorods and nanolayers in an effort to change the sensing platform: from aqueous media to solventless detection.
REALIST AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES (2010)

The problem of war lies at the heart of the study of international relations. We continue to study war in the hope that greater knowledge will help us to eliminate it, yet, in the face of its continuing recurrence, we must admit to knowing too little about war's causes, and less about its prevention.
Nickel, cobalt, and copper complexes of o-benzenediselenolate: synthesis and structural and magnetic properties (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel, cobalt, and copper complexes of o-benzenediselenolate: synthesis and structural and magnetic propertiesDaniel J. Sandman, Gregory W. Allen, Lewis A. Acampora, James C. Stark, Susan Jansen, M. Thomas Jones, Geoffrey J. Ashwell, and Bruce M. FoxmanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 11, 1664–1669Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00258a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00258a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Sensitive PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay for Detection and Genotyping of<i>Giardia duodenalis</i>in Human Feces (2002)

An assay that uses heminested PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis for the detection and genotyping of Giardia duodenalis on the basis of polymorphism in the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene was developed. This assay was evaluated with DNA extracted from purified parasite material, bacterial cultures, whole human feces containing G. duodenalis and other parasites, and their corresponding immunofluorescence-stained fecal smears on glass microscope slides. The assay was specific and discriminated between G. duodenalis assemblages A and B. RFLP analysis further distinguished two groups (designated groups I and II) within assemblage A. Among 35 DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed sporadic giardiasis, the tpi gene was amplified from 33 (94%). Of these, nine (27%) samples contained assemblage A group II, 21 (64%) contained assemblage B, and 3 (9%) contained a mixture of assemblage A group II and assemblage B. The tpi gene of G. duodenalis assemblage B was amplified from 21 of 24 (88%) DNA samples extracted from whole feces from patients with confirmed cases of infection in a nursery outbreak. No amplification was detected from the remaining three DNA samples. Overall, analysis of DNA extracted from material recovered from stained microscope slides identified identical G. duodenalis genotypes in 35 (65%) of the 54 samples for which a genotype was established with DNA from whole feces. The heminested PCR method developed is sensitive, simple, and rapid to perform and is applicable for the analysis of other intestinal pathogens.
Transforming growth factor‐β: activity and efficacy in animal models of wound healing (1995)

Of the myriad of growth factors examined for their ability to accelerate or improve tissue repair, none has as broad a spectrum of action as that of TGF-beta. In the 10 years since the first description of its ability to enhance wound healing, tremendous advances have been made in understanding the basis of its action in tissue repair. It is released from activated platelets and can both act on and be secreted by each of the diverse cell types which participate in the healing process. Actions of TGF-beta to stimulate chemotaxis, fibrogenesis, angiogenesis, and autoinduction of its expression are mediated by signalling through a unique set of serine-threonine kinase receptors which distinguish it mechanistically from other growth factors with activities in wound healing. Both topical and systemic administration of TGF-beta have been shown to improve healing in a variety of animal models of both normal and impaired healing at dermal as well as nondermal sites such as bone, intestine, the eye, or the mouth.
Personalization and visualization on handheld devices (2006)

The small screen size of handheld mobile devices poses an inherent problem in visualizing data: very often it is too difficult and unpleasant to navigate through the plethora of presented information. This paper presents a novel approach to personalized and adaptive content presentation for handheld devices, which has been implemented in a mobile financial application system based on a 3-tier architecture. The approach is independent of wireless networks and mobile devices. It utilizes a combination of user profiling, data clustering, and visualization techniques (fisheye and semantic zooming), enhancing the understandability of the data and improving the usability of the device.