gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TV뉴스 분석을 통한 한국어교육 내용 연구 (2009)

For foreigners, forms and contents of Korean TV News language play an important role as materials and methods in education. However, most of the media education in Korean Language Education, so far, has been stagnated in simple phases such as education methods using concerned genre, instruction-learning programs, or study of lecturing models. To overcome this stagnation, this study attempts to extract characters of TV News languages through an in-depth analysis based on the theories of Text Linguistics. The characters may be enumerated with Reverse Pyramid Structure, 5W1H, Repetition of Meaning of Proposition, Solidarity Relationship between Propositions or Structure of Logic, Discourse Maker, Vocabulary with many syllables, Public Communication Verb, and Etc. And this study proposes education contents systemized with declarative and procedural knowledge. Methods of teaching-learning is also briefly proposed. I hope this study can develop Korean Language Education using media and play an important role in audio-visual education of Korean Language TV News.
Characteristics of Sleep Slow Waves in Children and Adolescents (2010)

Based on a recent thalamocortical computer model, these findings may indicate a greater synaptic strength of neurons involved in the generation of sleep slow waves in prepubertal children, compared with mature adolescents. Such increased synaptic strength may be due to greater density or greater efficacy of cortical synapses or both.
Laser zone texturing on glass and glass-ceramic substrates (1997)

A RF driven CO/sub 2/ laser is used to create laser bumps on glass and glass-ceramic substrates. The resulting bump height is found to be a function of laser parameters such as pulse width, spot size, and pulse energy. Composition, structure and chemical strengthening of the substrates also affect the laser bump topography. Laser bumps on glass-ceramic, non-strengthened glass, or strengthened glass substrates, all exhibit net volume gain. Possible mechanisms for the volume increase include density change due to glass quenched to a subcooled state and/or due to phase transition from the crystalline phase to the glass phase. Stress release may play a role in the case of chemically strengthened glass substrates. The tribological performance of laser texture on glass and glass-ceramic substrates again shows low stiction and low friction build-up.
Cloning of the fish cell line SSN-1 for piscine nodaviruses (2000)

Six cell clones were derived from the SSN-1 cell line, which is composed of a mixed cell population and persistently infected with a C-type retrovirus (SnRV). These clones were susceptible to 4 piscine nodavirus strains belonging to different genotypes (SJNNV, RGNNV, TPNNV and *BFNNV [striped jack, redspotted grouper, tiger puffer and barfin flounder nervous necrosis viruses]). Three clones, designated A-6, E-9, and E-11, were highly permissive to nodavirus infection and production. The virus-induced cytopathic effects appeared as cytoplasmic vacuoles and intensive disintegration at 3 to 5 d post-incubation. These observations were highly reproducible and formed the basis for a successful virus titration system. Quantitative analysis using the cloned E-11 cell line clearly revealed differences in the optimal growth temperatures among the 4 genotypic variants: 25 to 30 degrees C for strain SGWak97 (RGNNV), 20 to 25 degrees C for strain SJNag93 (SJNNV), 20 degrees C for strain TPKag93 (TPNNV), and 15 to 20 degrees C for strain JFIwa98 (BFNNV). Electron microscopy demonstrated SnRV retrovirus particles only in A-6 and E-9 cells, but PCR amplification for the pol gene and LTR region of the proviral DNA indicated the presence of the retrovirus in the other clones, including E-11. The cell clones obtained in the present study will be more useful for qualitative and quantitative analyses of piscine nodaviruses than the SSN-1 cell line.
Tetraalkoxyphenanthrene-Fused Thiadiazoloquinoxalines: Synthesis, Electronic, Optical, and Electrochemical Properties, and Self-Assembly (2017)

π-Extended thiadiazoloquinoxaline (TQ) derivatives 1a,b-3a,b, in which a tetraalkoxyphenanthrene moiety is annulated with the TQ core and benzene rings are incorporated via the ethynylene spacer, were synthesized. They display absorption bands reaching into 750 nm and possess the electron-affinity comparable to [60]fullerene. The CF<sub>3</sub>- and OMe-substituents on the benzene rings have moderate effects on modulation of the HOMO and LUMO levels. Tetraalkoxyphenanthrene-fused TQs 1a,b-3a,b aggregate in the solid state and assemble in solution through π-π stacking interactions. The self-assembly of 1a,b-3a,b into 1D superstructures was confirmed, and the difference in the alkoxy groups and the solvents for self-assembly proved to change their morphology. Comparison of the properties of 1a and those of reference compounds 4 and 5 clarified the effects of both the fusion of the phenanthrene moiety and the introduction of ethynylene spacers on the properties.
Disk hydrogen plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition of aluminum nitride (1988)

We employ a well-confined hydrogen plasma of disk shape both as a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lamp operating primarily at 121.5 nm and as a source of atomic hydrogen radicals. Both VUV photons and atomic hydrogen act to dissociate feedstock gases used in low-temperature (&lt;400 °C) metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). Thin films have been deposited both with the confined hydrogen plasma and with an excimer laser operating at 193 nm in order to compare the two methods. Preliminary chemical and electrical properties of the films deposited via the two methods indicate the superiority of the atomic hydrogen assisted MOCVD technique.
Industrial yeasts display tandem gene iteration at the CUP1 region. (1983)

The gene copy number at the CUP1 locus and the resistance level to external copper was directly correlated in five wild-type commercial Saccharomyces strains. An increased copy number of the CUP1 gene leads to increased accumulation of chelatin mRNA, which codes for a low-molecular-weight, copper-binding protein. The enhanced production of this rapidly inducible protein mediates resistance of the cell to copper. Industrial yeasts exhibit homologies to the amplified copper resistance repeat unit found in laboratory strains. However, the extent of tandem iteration is strain dependent, and the repetitious unit is either 1.7 or 1.5 kilobases in length compared with the 2.0-kilobase unit in laboratory strains. Strain 522 (Montrachet) contains two chromosome VIII segments distinguishable by their numbers of repeat units (2 and 11) and the size of the units (1.5 and 1.7 kilobases). Distillers yeast 513 carries a 1.5-kilobase repeat unit on each homologous chromosome, although they contain nine and five iterations, respectively.
Assessing the Impact of Syntactic and Semantic Structures for Answer Passages Reranking (2015)

In this paper, we extensively study the use of syntactic and semantic structures obtained with shallow and deeper syntactic parsers in the answer passage reranking task. We propose several dependency-based structures enriched with Linked Open Data (LD) knowledge for representing pairs of questions and answer passages. We use such tree structures in learning to rank (L2R) algorithms based on tree kernel. The latter can represent questions and passages in a tree fragment space, where each substructure represents a powerful syntactic/semantic feature. Additionally since we define links between structures, tree kernels also generate relational features spanning question and passage structures. We derive very important findings, which can be useful to build state-of-the-art systems: (i) full syntactic dependencies can outperform shallow models also using external knowledge and (ii) the semantic information should be derived by effective and high-coverage resources, e.g., LD, and incorporated in syntactic structures to be effective. We demonstrate our findings by carrying out an extensive comparative experimentation on two different TREC QA corpora and one community question answer dataset, namely Answerbag. Our comparative analysis on well-defined answer selection benchmarks consistently demonstrates that our structural semantic models largely outperform the state of the art in passage reranking.
Faster than Nyquist broadcast signaling (2012)

In this work, we propose using Faster than Nyquist (FTN) signaling to achieve transmission over continuous-time Gaussian broadcast channel. In the FTN broadcasting, different users' messages are completely separated in the coding stage; hence removing the joint encoding that is typically needed in the previously proposed broadcast channel coding schemes. Furthermore, users' data symbols are explicitly and separately transmitted over the channel using the FTN signaling; thus, alleviating the definition of auxiliary random variables used in the broadcast channel coding theorems. This work shows that the FTN broadcast signaling allows achieving the capacity boundaries of the Gaussian broadcast channel. This implies that FTN can be a viable alternative to the standard capacity-achieving techniques considered in discrete-time Gaussian broadcast channel, i.e., superposition coding and dirty paper coding.
Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 23: Total Synthesis of Sialyl-α(2↠6)-Lactotetraosylceramide and Sialyl-α(2↠6)-Neolactotetraosylceramide (1991)

ABSTRACT ABSTRACT The first total syntheses of sialyl-α(2→6)-lactotetraosylceramide (29, IV6NeuAcLc4Cer) and sialyl-α(2→6)-neolatotetraosylceramide (33, IV6NeuAcnLc4Cer) are described. Methyl O-(methyl 5-acetamido-4,7,8,9-tetra-O-acetyl-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-α-D-galacto-2-nonulopyranosylonate)-(2→6)-2,4-di-O-benzoyl-3-O-benzyl-1-thio-ß-D-galactopyranoside (11), the key glycosyl donor was prepared, via glycosylation of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl 3-O-benzyl-ß-D-galactopyranoside (2) with the methyl α-thioglycoside 3 of N-acetylneuraminic acid, benzoylation, replacement of the 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl group by acetyl, and introduction of the methylthio group with (methylthio)trimethylsilane. Each coupling of 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-4,6-O-benzylidene-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3′)-per-O-benzyl-ß-lactoside (12) or 2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl O-(2-acetamido-3-O-acetyl-6-O-benzyl-2-deozy-ß-D-glucopyranosyl)-(1→3′)-per-O-benzyl-ß-D-lactoside (14) prepared from 12 by O-acetylation and reductive opening of the benzylidene acetal, with 11 gave the pentasaccharides 16 and 20 in good yields. Compounds 16 and 20 were converted into the corresponding α-trichloroacetimidates 19 and 24 which, on coupling with (2S, 3R, 4E)-2-azido-3-O-benzoyl-4-octadecene-1,3-diol (25), gave the ß-glycosides 26 and 30, respectively. Finally, 26 and 30 were transformed, via selective reduction of the azide group, condensation with octadecanoic acid, O-deacylation, and hydrolysis of the methyl ester group, into 29 and 33, respectively.
Multisensory teamwork: using a tactile or an auditory display to exchange gaze information improves performance in joint visual search (2015)

In joint tasks, adjusting to the actions of others is critical for success. For joint visual search tasks, research has shown that when search partners visually receive information about each other's gaze, they use this information to adjust to each other's actions, resulting in faster search performance. The present study used a visual, a tactile and an auditory display, respectively, to provide search partners with information about each other's gaze. Results showed that search partners performed faster when the gaze information was received via a tactile or auditory display in comparison to receiving it via a visual display or receiving no gaze information. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of tactile and auditory displays for receiving task-relevant information in joint tasks and are applicable to circumstances in which little or no visual information is available or the visual modality is already taxed with a demanding task such as air-traffic control. Practitioner Summary: The present study demonstrates that tactile and auditory displays are effective for receiving information about actions of others in joint tasks. Findings are either applicable to circumstances in which little or no visual information is available or when the visual modality is already taxed with a demanding task.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the antennal lobe inDrosophila melanogaster (1999)

We present the first three-dimensional map of the antennal lobe of Drosophila melanogaster, based on confocal microscopic analysis of glomeruli stained with the neuropil-specific monoclonal antibody nc82. The analysis of confocal stacks allowed us to identify glomeruli according to the criteria shape, size, position, and intensity of antibody labeling. Forty glomeruli were labeled by nc82, eight of which have not been described before. Three glomeruli previously shown exclusively by backfills were not discernible in nc82 stainings. We distinguish three classes of glomeruli: (1) "landmark" glomeruli that are constant in all four criteria mentioned above, (2) less well-demarcated glomeruli that deviate in a single criterion, and (3) poorly defined glomeruli that vary in more than one criterion. All class 2 and 3 glomeruli can be identified by comparison with landmark neighbors. To further aid identification, our model assigns glomeruli to five arrays, each of which is defined by a prominent landmark glomerulus. Six glomeruli consist of distinct, but contiguous structural units, termed "compartments." Glomerular variability observed occasionally between males and females is in the same range as between individuals of the same sex, suggesting the lack of a significant sexual dimorphism in the glomerular pattern. We compare the new model with a previous map and address its potential for mapping activity and expression patterns. An important goal of this work was to create three-dimensional reference models of the antennal lobe, which are accessible on-line.
Effect of 90 Y Inhaled in Fused Clay Particles on the Gastrointestinal Tract of Beagles (1975)

F. F. Hahn, J. E. Barnes, C. H. Hobbs, J. L. Mauderly, Effect of ${}^{90}{\rm Y}$ Inhaled in Fused Clay Particles on the Gastrointestinal Tract of Beagles, Radiation Research, Vol. 61, No. 3 (Mar., 1975), pp. 444-456
Prevalence of Obesity, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, and Hypertension in the United States: Findings from the GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record Database (2010)

This study analyzed GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and obesity, key risk factor components of metabolic syndrome, on the prevalence of 3 chronic diseases: type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. These chronic diseases occur with high prevalence and impose high disease burdens. The rationale for using Centricity EMR data is 2-fold. First, EMRs may be a good source of BMI/obesity data, which are often underreported in surveys and administrative databases. Second, EMRs provide an ideal means to track variables over time and, thus, allow longitudinal analyses of relationships between risk factors and disease prevalence and progression. Analysis of Centricity EMR data showed associations of age, sex, race/ethnicity, and BMI with diagnosed prevalence of the 3 conditions. Results include uniform direct correlations between age and BMI and prevalence of each disease; uniformly greater disease prevalence for males than females; varying differences by race/ethnicity (ie, African Americans have the highest prevalence of diagnosed type II diabetes and hypertension, while whites have the highest prevalence of diagnosed hypertension); and adverse effects of comorbidities. The direct associations between BMI and disease prevalence are consistent for males and females and across all racial/ethnic groups. The results reported herein contribute to the growing literature about the adverse effects of obesity on chronic disease prevalence and about the potential value of EMR data to elucidate trends in disease prevalence and facilitate longitudinal analyses.
Systematic Theology, volume 3: Life in the Spirit (1994)

Reviewed Book: Oden, Thomas C. Systematic Theology, V 3: Life in the Spirit. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
Macrophages contain 92-kd gelatinase (MMP-9) at the site of degenerated internal elastic lamina in temporal arteritis. (1996)

Inflammation precedes erosion and rupture of atherosclerotic atheromas and aneurysms. Inflammatory infiltrates of macrophages have been shown to secrete proteolytic enzymes, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), that weaken the arterial wall. The effect of inflammation on arterial structure and remodeling can be studied in primary vascular inflammatory diseases such as in temporal arteritis. We examined the 72-kd gelatinase (MMP-2) and the 92-kd gelatinase (MMP-9) in inflamed and uninvolved temporal arteries from 10 patients with temporal arteritis and 5 controls by immunohistochemistry. The substrates of these enzymes, type IV collagen and elastin, were detected by immunohistochemistry and histochemical staining, respectively. Both diseased and normal artery specimens had moderate staining for immunoreactive MMP-2. Temporal arteritis specimens had clearly enhanced immunostaining for MMP-9 compared with normal arteries. MMP-9 was specifically localized to macrophages in regions of internal elastic lamina disruption, which may thus be of pathological significance.
Theory of tailorable optical response of two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at dielectric interfaces (2016)

Two-dimensional arrays of plasmonic nanoparticles at interfaces are promising candidates for novel optical metamaterials. Such systems materialise from 'top-down' patterning or 'bottom-up' self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid/liquid or liquid/solid interfaces. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of an extended effective quasi-static four-layer-stack model for the description of plasmon-resonance-enhanced optical responses of such systems. We investigate in detail the effects of the size of nanoparticles, average interparticle separation, dielectric constants of the media constituting the interface, and the nanoparticle position relative to the interface. Interesting interplays of these different factors are explored first for normally incident light. For off-normal incidence, the strong effects of the polarisation of light are found at large incident angles, which allows to dynamically tune the reflectance spectra. All the predictions of the theory are tested against full-wave simulations, proving this simplistic model to be adequate within the quasi-static limit. The model takes seconds to calculate the system's optical response and makes it easy to unravel the effect of each system parameter. This helps rapid rationalization of experimental data and understanding of the optical signals from these novel 'metamaterials', optimised for light reflection or harvesting.
Fatigue Performance of Precast FRP-Concrete Composite Deck with Long Span (2011)

The fatigue performance of precast FRP-concrete composite (PFC) deck is evaluated. This type of deck enables a reduction of the weight by 30% compared to conventional reinforced concrete decks owing to the composition of a hollow FRP panel with concrete. Therefore, the application of such deck in cable-stayed bridge will reduce effectively the weight of the superstructure leading also to substantial savings in the materials required for the superstructure and substructure and, therefore, achieve significant improvement of the economic efficiency. Static, pulsating fatigue and rolling fatigue tests were carried out on 4 m × 4 m precast FRP-concrete composite decks. All the specimens did not fail even after 2 million fatigue cycles, and the subsequent static tests conducted on these specimens verified that all the design criteria were satisfied. These experimental results demonstrated that the PFC deck developed in this research secures sufficient performances for future applications for cable-stayed bridges.
Human β-Defensin-1 mRNA Is Transcribed in Tympanic Membrane and Adjacent Auditory Canal Epithelium (1999)

The external auditory canal is less susceptible to infections than the sensitive middle-ear cavity. Since recent research has provided insight to the production of potent antimicrobial peptides from various surface epithelia, we wanted to investigate whether protection of the external auditory canal in part could be explained by the production of human beta-defensin-1 (HBD-1). This particular peptide is known to be constitutively expressed in various surface epithelia, such as airway, skin, and urogenital tissues. By reverse transcriptase PCR we demonstrate HBD-1 mRNA in the pars tensa and pars flaccida of the tympanic membrane and in the meatal skin. In situ hybridization studies localized the HBD-1 mRNA to the epidermal layer of these tissues. The HBD-1 transcripts were also evident in the sebaceous glands and in hair follicles of the meatal skin. In contrast, HBD-1 mRNA was not detected in the tympanal epithelium of the eardrum. The widespread presence of mRNA encoding for this broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide in the meatal skin and tympanic membrane suggests that HBD-1 participates in the innate antimicrobial defense of the external auditory canal and middle-ear cavity.
A transcription terminator in the 5′ non‐coding region of the tyrosyl tRNA synthetase gene from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> (1986)

The 5' non-coding region of the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase gene (tyrS) of Bacillus stearothermophilus is 324 nucleotides long. It contains a premature terminator and a strong promoter: these were identified in vitro by RNA run-off experiments and in Escherichia coli by construction of specific mutants. The terminator consists of a stem and loop structure followed by the string of T residues characteristic of rho-independent termination. This is preceded by another stem and loop structure which may permit the formation of an anti-terminator. Neither the promoter nor the premature terminator appears to be regulated by the tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase in vitro or in E. coli.
Phorbol Ester-induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via Autocrine Activation of the Extrinsic Apoptotic Cascade (2005)

It is well established that activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol esters promotes apoptosis in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. However, there is limited information regarding the cellular mechanisms involved in this effect. In this report we identified a novel autocrine pro-apoptotic loop triggered by PKCdelta activation in prostate cancer cells that is mediated by death receptor ligands. The apoptotic effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in LNCaP cells was impaired by inhibition or depletion of tumor necrosis factor alpha-converting enzyme, the enzyme responsible for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) shedding. Moreover, the apoptogenic effect of conditioned medium collected after phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment could be inhibited by blocking antibodies against TNFalpha and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), but not FasL, as well as by RNA interference depletion of TNFalpha and TRAIL receptors. Moreover, depletion or inhibition of death receptor downstream effectors, including caspase-8, FADD, p38 MAPK, and JNK, significantly reduced the apoptogenic effect of the conditioned medium. PKCdelta played a major role in this autocrine loop, both in the secretion of autocrine factors as well as a downstream effector. Taken together, our results demonstrate that activation of PKCdelta in prostate cancer cells causes apoptosis via the release of death receptor ligands and the activation of the extrinsic apoptotic cascade.
Association of Low Bone Mineral Density With Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use by Older Men (2007)

In this population of men, BMD was lower among those reporting current SSRI use, but not among users of other antidepressants. Further research is needed to confirm this finding in light of widespread SSRI use and potentially important clinical implications.