gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Recombinant Viral Glycoproteins for Novel and Therapeutic Antibody Discovery (2008)

Neutralizing antibodies are a critical component in the protection or recovery from viral infections. In the absence of available vaccines or antiviral drugs for many important human viral pathogens, the identification and characterization of new human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) that are able to neutralize viruses offers the possibility for effective pre- and/or post-exposure therapeutic modalities. Such hmAbs may also help in our understanding of the virus entry process, the mechanisms of virus neutralization, and in the eventual development of specific entry inhibitors, vaccines, and research tools. The majority of the more recently developed antiviral hmAbs have come from the use of antibody phage-display technologies using both naïve and immune libraries. Many of these agents are also enveloped viruses possessing important neutralizing determinants within their membrane-anchored envelope glycoproteins, and the use of recombinant, soluble versions of these viral glycoproteins is often critical in the isolation and development of antiviral hmAbs. This chapter will detail several methods that have been successfully employed to produce, purify, and characterize soluble and secreted versions of several viral envelope glycoproteins which have been successfully used as antigens to capture and isolate human phage-displayed monoclonal antibodies.
Software Instrumentation (2008)

Abstract Software instrumentation is a technique that is widely used in software profiling, performance analysis, optimization, testing, error detection, and virtualization. Instrumentation, which involves adding extra code to an application for monitoring some program behavior, can be performed either statically (i.e., at compile time) or dynamically (i.e., at runtime). Static instrumentation techniques range from simple manual techniques to compiler/assembler‐based instrumentation and link‐time or post‐link executable editing. Dynamic instrumentation techniques are often more complex to implement than the static ones, but they can track dynamically linked libraries and indirect branches that are difficult to handle through static instrumentation.
Learning fuzzy rule-based neural networks for function approximation (2003)

The authors present a method for the induction of fuzzy logic rules to predict a numerical function from samples of the function and its dependent variables. This method uses an information-theoretic approach based on the authors' previous work with discrete-valued data (see Proc. Int. Joint. Conf. on Neur. Net., vol.1, p.875-80, 1991). The rules learned can then be used in a neural network to predict the function value based on its dependent variables. An example is shown of learning a control system function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The enzymic degradation of laminarin. 3. Some effects of temperature pH and various chemical reagents on fungal laminarinases (1963)

4. In a few laminarin hydrolysates D-mannose was repeatedly detected but chemical analysis of the laminarin used has failed to reveal its presence.
Novel Lockable and Stackable Compliant Actuation Unit for Modular +SPEA Actuators (2019)

On compliant robotic systems, modularity is recently adopted for the ease of up- and downscaling and the possibility to downgrade the costs, by moving towards the combination of standard units instead of custom designs. However, modularity on the actuator level itself lacks more thorough evaluation. We have developed a novel lockable and stackable compliant actuation unit which can be used to form modular series-parallel elastic actuators (+SPEA). This letter describes the modular +SPEA layer architecture and discusses its two-way overrunner and rubber springs in detail, while providing experimental validation on each component as well. First experiments show the layer can deliver up to 20 Nm. Finally, we present how a manipulator can be equipped with the modular +SPEA layers.
Profile and Predictors of Normal Ganglion Cell–Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness Measured with Frequency-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2011)

The independent factors associated with thinner GCIPL include thinner RNFL, older age, longer ocular axial length, and being male. Although the magnitude of the effect of age, axial length, and sex are small, these factors should be taken into account when interpreting Cirrus HD-OCT-based GCIPL thickness measurements.
Communicability of Enteric Live Adenovirus Type 4 Vaccine in Families (1969)

Journal Article Communicability of Enteric Live Adenovirus Type 4 Vaccine in Families Get access Robert E. Mueller, Robert E. Mueller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert L. Muldoon, Robert L. Muldoon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar George Gee Jackson George Gee Jackson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 119, Issue 1, January 1969, Pages 60–66, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/119.1.60 Published: 01 January 1969 Article history Received: 05 September 1968 Published: 01 January 1969
Measurement of lateral charge diffusion in thick, fully depleted, back-illuminated CCDs (2004)

Lateral charge diffusion in back-illuminated CCDs directly affects the point spread function (PSF) and spatial resolution of an imaging device. This can be of particular concern in thick, back-illuminated CCDs. We describe a technique of measuring this diffusion and present PSF measurements for an 800/spl times/1100, 15 /spl mu/m pixel, 280 /spl mu/m thick, back-illuminated, p-channel CCD that can be over-depleted. The PSF is measured over a wavelength range of 450 nm to 650 nm and at substrate bias voltages between 6 V and 80 V.
Early detection of precancerous lesions in dysplasias of the lung by rapid DNA image cytometry. (1985)

Hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained cytologic smears of sputum from 28 patients with dysplastic and suspicious cell findings were subjected to DNA image cytometry after Feulgen restaining. The nuclear DNA contents were measured with a TV-based image-analysis system, the Leitz TAS plus, combined with an automatic microscope. Computation of DNA data was performed according to an algorithm for the diagnosis and grading of malignancy. Of the 19 cases that were proven to be malignant in the follow-up, either by histologic examination, sputum cytology, fine needle aspiration biopsy or autopsy, the algorithm identified 17 as malignant in a stage (dysplasia) in which cytology was not yet able to present a definite diagnosis of malignancy. Only two cases of bronchial carcinoma were not detected in the state of dysplasia by this procedure. The periods between the DNA diagnosis of malignancy in dysplasia and the morphologic evidence of cancer varied from three days up to six months. Of the 11 cases that had been classified as benign by the algorithm, 9 were confirmed as benign during the clinical follow-up. Rapid DNA image cytometry appears able to separate squamous dysplasias of the lung into precancerous and nonprecancerous lesions.
Modulation of bradykinin‐induced calcium changes in SH‐SY5Y cells by neurosteroids and sigma receptor ligands via a shared mechanism (2004)

In this study we investigated the effects of sigma receptor ligands and neurosteroids on bradykinin-induced intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) changes in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. [Ca2+]i levels in cells loaded with fura-2 were monitored with dual-wavelength ratiometric fluorescence measurement. Submicromolar concentrations of bradykinin elicited [Ca2+]i responses with a fast rise followed by a slow decline in these cells. Preincubation of low micromolar concentrations of the neurosteroids pregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or the prototypic sigma (sigma) receptor agonist (+)pentazocine potentiated bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i changes in SH-SY5Y cells. The sigma receptor antagonist haloperidol blocked the enhancing effects on [Ca2+]i by (+)pentazocine or pregnenolone. Progesterone did not significantly affect the basal [Ca2+]i level or bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i changes in these cells. However, coincubation of progesterone with (+)pentazocine, pregnenolone, or DHEA reversed their potentiating effects. The antagonistic effects of haloperidol and progesterone on the potentiating effects of (+)pentazocine and pregnenolone suggested that these ligands might act through a common mechanism. We further showed that progesterone, pregnenolone, and DHEA competed for [3H]+pentazocine binding in SH-SY5Y cells with Ki values of 0.13 +/- 0.03 microM, 0.98 +/- 0.34 microM, and 5.2 +/- 1.4 microM, respectively. Thus, the modulation of bradykinin-induced [Ca2+]i changes by neurosteroids in these cells is likely due to their actions on sigma receptors.
Advantages of borehole vector gravity in density imaging (2014)

ABSTRACT Borehole gravity is an effective method for directly imaging anomalous mass distributions at large depths, and it has braod applications in mineral and petroleum exploration and production. The method was presently limited to vertical gravity data only. The anticipated development of vector gravimeters may change this scenario dramatically. There was a need to understand the potential capability of vector gravimetry and to develop corresponding modeling and interpretation techniques. We introduced a set of numerical modeling tools for vector gravity and examined the relative information content of vertical and vector gravity data in borehole environments. Through simulations, we illustrated that vector gravity was superior to vertical gravity in applications such as locating and characterizing anomalous mass and in tracking the movement of fluid injection in reservoirs.
RECOVERY AND CONCENTRATION OF STRONG MINERAL ACIDS FROM DILUTE SOLUTIONS THROUGH LLX III A “TEMPERATURE SWING” BASED PROCESS (1991)

ABSTRACT In analogy to extraction of bulky organic acids by normal amines, strong temperature effects were predicted for extraction of strong mineral acids (of small molecular size) by bulky amines. Extractants, chosen according to analysis in previous papers, were found to show the required effect and thereby provide the basis for “temperature swing” LLX process for recovery and concentration of acids from dilute solutions. Diluent/modifier effects were utilized for the adjustment of extractant properties and maximizing temperature effect.
Regional geomagnetic field modelling: the contribution of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (1997)

Models of the geomagnetic field are mathematical expressions able to represent the Earth's magnetic field space and time variations. Time variations on the long term basis are represented by the so-called secular variation. This paper describes and reviews recent activities of the Italian group at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica in regional magnetic field modelling. The models are introduced starting from the classical technique of Spherical Harmonic Analysis (SHA) undertaken for the first time by Gauss, the polynomial analysis and the regional harmonic analysis, specifically introduced as a regional analogue of SHA. In this last group the recent techniques of Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis (SCHA), Translated Origin Spherical Cap Analysis (TOSCA) and Adjusted Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis (ASHA) are also described and discussed.
Differential Hippocampal Expression of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase 65 and 67 Messenger RNA in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia (2002)

We have found a region-specific deficit of GAD(65) and GAD(67) mRNA expression in bipolar disorder.
Folding Thermodynamics and Kinetics of YNMG RNA Hairpins:  Specific Incorporation of 8-Bromoguanosine Leads to Stabilization by Enhancement of the Folding Rate (2004)

Modified nucleotides allow fundamental energetic and kinetic properties of nucleic acids to be probed. Here, we demonstrate that an RNA hairpin containing the nucleotide analogue 8-bromoguanosine (8BrG or G), gcUUCGgc, has enhanced stability relative to the unmodified hairpin, with DeltaDeltaG(37)(degrees)= -0.69 +/- 0.15 kcal mol(-1) and DeltaT(M) = +6.8 +/- 1.4 degrees C. NMR spectroscopic data suggest that the enhanced stability of gcUUCGgc does not arise from the native state; laser temperature-jump experiments support this notion, as gcUUCGgc and gcUUCGgc have similar unfolding rate constants, but the folding rate constant of gcUUCGgc is 4.1-fold faster at 37.5 degrees C and 2.8-fold faster under isoenergetic conditions. On the basis of these findings, we propose that 8BrG reduces the conformational entropy of the denatured state, resulting in an accelerated conformational search for the native state and enhanced stability.
Nearest-neighbor methods in learning and vision : theory and practice (2005)

Regression and classification methods based on similarity of the input to stored examples have not been widely used in applications involving very large sets of high-dimensional data. Recent advances in computational geometry and machine learning, however, may alleviate the problems in using these methods on large data sets. This volume presents theoretical and practical discussions of nearest-neighbor (NN) methods in machine learning and examines computer vision as an application domain in which the benefit of these advanced methods is often dramatic. It brings together contributions from researchers in theory of computation, machine learning, and computer vision with the goals of bridging the gaps between disciplines and presenting state-of-the-art methods for emerging applications.The contributors focus on the importance of designing algorithms for NN search, and for the related classification, regression, and retrieval tasks, that remain efficient even as the number of points or the dimensionality of the data grows very large. The book begins with two theoretical chapters on computational geometry and then explores ways to make the NN approach practicable in machine learning applications where the dimensionality of the data and the size of the data sets make the naive methods for NN search prohibitively expensive. The final chapters describe successful applications of an NN algorithm, locality-sensitive hashing (LSH), to vision tasks.
Effect of Temperature, Storage Time, and Sample Type on Sorbitol Dehydrogenase Activity in Llama Serum and Plasma (2000)

Serum and heparinized plasma samples were collected from 11 adult, clinically healthy llamas. Aliquots were assayed for sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH) activity after storage at room temperature (20 degrees C), 4 degrees C, or -20 degrees C for defined time intervals up to 1 week postcollection. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity in all samples was within reference intervals for our laboratory. No difference was found between serum and plasma SDH activity when measured immediately (within 1 hour) after collection. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity decreased to 79% of initial activity by 24 hours in serum stored at room temperature; plasma had 94% of initial SDH activity under the same conditions. Sorbitol dehydrogenase activity was stable in both plasma and serum stored for up to 1 week at 4 degrees C or -20 degrees C. With the exception of serum stored at 20 degrees C for > 8 hours, in vitro stability of llama SDH was adequate or its use in diagnostic testing.
Room temperature ferromagnetism in cubic GaN epilayers implanted with Mn+ ions (2004)

Mn ions were implanted in p-type cubic GaN at doses from 0.6 to 2.4×1016cm−2 at 200 keV energy. A 200-nm-thick epitaxial layer, grown by molecular beam epitaxy on GaAs(001) substrate, is used for the Mn implantation. The Mn implanted samples were subjected to an annealing at 950 °C for 1–5 min. The structural quality of the samples was investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The annealing procedure leads to a significant increasing of the crystalline quality of the samples. Hysteresis loops were observed for all cubic GaMnN annealed samples and ferromagnetism was detected up to room temperature.
The Boundary Integral Approach to Static and Dynamic Contact Problems (1992)

The fields of boundary integral equations and of inequality problems, or more gen erally, of nonsmooth mechanics, have seen, in a remarkably short time, a considerable development in mathematics and i
Lift Enhancement for Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings with Periodic Excitation (2010)

In an effort to enhance lift on low-aspect-ratio rectangular flat-plate wings in low-Reynolds-number\npost-stall flows, periodic injection of momentum is considered along the trailing edge in this numerical\nstudy. The purpose of actuation is not to reattach the flow but to change the dynamics of the wake\nvortices such that the resulting lift force is increased. Periodic forcing is observed to be effective\nin increasing lift for various aspect ratios and angles of attack, achieving a similar lift enhancement\nattained by steady forcing with less momentum input. Through the investigation on the influence of\nthe actuation frequency, it is also found that there exists a frequency at which the flow locks on to a\ntime-periodic high-lift state.
Fat water decomposition using globally optimal surface estimation (GOOSE) algorithm (2014)

The proposed algorithm is capable of considerably reducing the swaps in challenging fat water decomposition problems. The experiments demonstrate the benefit of using explicit smoothness constraints in field map estimation and solving the problem using a globally convergent graph-cut optimization algorithm.
Oxidation of Reduced Inorganic Sulfur Compounds by Bacteria: Emergence of a Common Mechanism? (2001)

Biological oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate is one of the major reactions of the global sulfur cycle. Reduced inorganic sulfur compounds (referred to below as sulfur) are exclusively oxidized by prokaryotes, and sulfate is the major oxidation product. Sulfur oxidation in members of the
Signaling pathways for vitamin D-induced differentiation: implications for therapy of proliferative and neoplastic diseases. (1993)

The physiological form of vitamin D, 1 alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3) is not only a powerful regulator of calcium homeostasis but also a hormone with important roles in cell growth and differentiation. The differentiating effects of 1,25D3 have been studied extensively in a large number of in vitro systems but primarily using cultured leukemia cells, keratinocytes, and bone cells. In spite of this attention, the understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the diverse forms of cell differentiation by 1,25D3 is fragmentary. It seems likely, however, that the effects of 1,25D3 on calcium homeostasis and on cell differentiation are both signaled by direct effects on the cell membrane and by the transduction of the signal to the genome. The direct effect may be mediated by a hypothetical membrane recognition element, the G proteins, phosphoinositide metabolism, and protein kinase C (PKC). Signals to the nucleus may include PKC, the Ca2+ gradient, and protein phosphorylation cascades, but the protein receptor (VDR) plays a principal role in this form of signal transduction. The VDR interacts with the promoter elements of a number of nuclear genes, either as a homodimer or a heterodimer with a retinoid or orphan receptors. The key nuclear responses include the increased expression of phenotype-specifying proteins and the appearance of G1/S and G2+M cell cycle blocks, which result in cessation of cell proliferation. The attempts to improve control of neoplastic cell proliferation will depend on a selective exploitation of these properties of 1,25D3 to design novel analogs of 1,25D3 with low hypercalcemic but high differentiation-inducing properties. It is anticipated that a better understanding of the multiple pathways that transduce the signals from 1,25D3 to the nucleus and to the cell membrane, a consideration of the structure-function relationships of the derivatives of 1,25D3, and the use of synergistic combinations of 1,25D3 with other biological response modifiers or cytotoxic drugs will lead to improved therapy of several hyperproliferative and malignant diseases.
Early experience with crimped bovine pericardial conduit for arterial reconstruction (1991)

A bovine pericardial conduit was developed in the laboratory incorporating the principle of crimping used for synthetic vascular prostheses. The pericardium was processed in glutaraldehyde and the tube was crimped by a technique which preserves the integrity of collagen fibres. This vascular substitute presents a non-thrombogenic and non-porous inner surface which does not require preclotting and does not leak. The material is very soft, easy to handle and suture, coapts nicely to suture lines resulting in a hemostatic anastomosis. The crimping design provides longitudinal elasticity and resistance to collapsing, retains its shape with bending and avoids kinking. Crimping provides a circular tube which makes the construction of the anastomosis easier. Experimental studies in dogs demonstrated absence of thromboembolism with the conduit implanted in the abdominal aorta. Fibrin accumulation was not noted in the convexities of the crimps. This conduit was designed for aortic and pulmonary reconstruction and available in different sizes with or without a biological valve. Initial clinical experience included its use in 10 patients with aortic dissections or aortic aneurysms from August 1989 to March 1990. A reconstruction of the abdominal aorta was performed in 2 patients, the descending thoracic aorta in 2, the ascending aorta in 2 and the ascending aorta including the aortic valve and reimplantation of coronary arteries in 4. For the latter 4, composite crimped pericardial tubes containing a porcine bioprosthesis were used. An additional patient with a single ventricle underwent a Fontan type operation also employing a valved crimped pericardial conduit.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A novel structure-from-motion strategy for refining depth map estimation and multi-view synthesis in 3DTV (2010)

The video-plus-depth format has been widely used for representing the 3D scene due to its main advantage of compatibility to image format. In practice, the depth inconsistency may lead to unsatisfactory view synthesis results. In this paper, we propose a new structure-from-motion (SfM) technique, called locally temporal bundle adjustment (LTBA), to handle the dynamic scenes as well as the static camera motion, which violates the conventional structure from motion assumption. By integrating the camera information, depth map, and video temporally, we develop a geometric quadrilateral filter to reduce noise in the depth map and enhance the spatio-temporal consistency to improve the quality of depth maps. We show the improved quality of dynamic depth maps by using the proposed algorithm through experiments on real video-plus-depth sequences.