gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Federated Learning for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency V2V Communications (2018)

In this paper, a novel joint transmit power and resource allocation approach for enabling ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) in vehicular networks is proposed. The objective is to minimize the network-wide power consumption of vehicular users (VUEs) while ensuring high reliability in terms of probabilistic queuing delays. In particular, a reliability measure is defined to characterize extreme events (i.e., when vehicles' queue lengths exceed a predefined threshold with non-negligible probability) using extreme value theory (EVT). Leveraging principles from federated learning (FL), the distribution of these extreme events corresponding to the tail distribution of queues is estimated by VUEs in a decentralized manner. Finally, Lyapunov optimization is used to find the joint transmit power and resource allocation policies for each VUE in a distributed manner. The proposed solution is validated via extensive simulations using a Manhattan mobility model. It is shown that FL enables the proposed distributed method to estimate the tail distribution of queues with an accuracy that is very close to a centralized solution with up to 79% reductions in the amount of data that need to be exchanged. Furthermore, the proposed method yields up to 60% reductions of VUEs with large queue lengths, without an additional power consumption, compared to an average queue-based baseline. Compared to systems with fixed power consumption and focusing on queue stability while minimizing average power consumption, the reductions in extreme events of the proposed method is about two orders of magnitude.
The effect of flap management and bioresorbable occlusive devices in GTR treatment of degree III furcation defects (1995)

The present experiment on guided tissue regeneration had 2 objectives namely: (i) to study if an improved anchorage of the soft tissue flaps during the initial healing period after membrane placement would reduce the tendency for soft tissue recession and allow for healing of also large furcation defects; (ii) to determine if the use of biodegradable membranes in GTR procedures may promote new attachment formation in degree III furcation defects. 2 experiments were performed which included 5 and 8 dogs each. In each animal, the 3rd premolar of the left or right side of the mandible was selected as test site using the contralateral tooth as control. 2 months prior to the start of the experiment, the 2nd and 4th premolars in each side of the mandible were extracted. The extractions were performed to create a large edentulous space mesial and distal to the 3rd premolar. During GTR therapy the incisions prepared in this edentulous region were used to allow proper suture retention and flap stability during the initial phase of healing. In study 1, furcation defects (degree III) were prepared and subsequently treated according to GTR using e-PTFE membranes in the test and no membrane in the control site. In study 2, a bioresorbable membrane (Resolut) was installed in the test and an e-PTFE membrane in the control sites. The non-resorbable membranes were removed after 30 days. The animals were sacrificed 5 months after reconstructive surgery, biopsies were harvested, sectioned and analyzed histologically for new connective tissue attachment and bone.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhancing LambdaMART Using Oblivious Trees (2016)

Learning to rank is a machine learning technique broadly used in many areas such as document retrieval, collaborative filtering or question answering. We present experimental results which suggest that the performance of the current state-of-the-art learning to rank algorithm LambdaMART, when used for document retrieval for search engines, can be improved if standard regression trees are replaced by oblivious trees. This paper provides a comparison of both variants and our results demonstrate that the use of oblivious trees can improve the performance by more than $2.2\%$. Additional experimental analysis of the influence of a number of features and of a size of the training set is also provided and confirms the desirability of properties of oblivious decision trees.
Traffic and interference-aware dynamic BBU-RRU mapping in C-RAN TDD with cross-subframe coordinated scheduling/beamforming (2013)

In this paper, we propose and evaluate a novel resource allocation scheme in C-RAN TDD by means of dynamic BBU-RRU mapping. Specifically, in our proposed scheme, the logical connections between BBUs and RRUs are dynamically adjusted according to the asymmetric DL/UL resource allocation and traffic condition. In addition, since the asynchronous DL/UL allocation results in significant cross-subframe co-channel interference (CCI), a novel interference coordination scheme, termed cross-subframe coordinated scheduling/beamforming (CCS/CCB) is developed for CCI management. The proposed BBU-RRU mapping scheme and the CCS/CCD algorithm are interacted with each other, which in turn improves the system performance.
Public and Private Efforts for the National School Lunch Program (1996)

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
OCCULT RETAINED PENILE PROSTHETIC FRAGMENTS IN PERSISTENT UROGENITAL INFECTIONS (2001)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Case Reports1 Feb 2001OCCULT RETAINED PENILE PROSTHETIC FRAGMENTS IN PERSISTENT UROGENITAL INFECTIONS HERBERT USER, FREDERICK HOFF, and KEVIN T. Mc VARY HERBERT USERHERBERT USER , FREDERICK HOFFFREDERICK HOFF , and KEVIN T. Mc VARYKEVIN T. Mc VARY View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/00005392-200102000-00051AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail References 1 : Intravesical migration of AMS 800 artificial urinary sphincter and stone formation in a patient who underwent radical prostatectomy. Urol Int2000; 64: 167. Google Scholar 2 : The retained penile prosthesis reservoir: a risk. Urology2000; 55: 949. Google Scholar 3 : Erosion of inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into bladder. J Urol1986; 136: 1080. Link, Google Scholar 4 : Erosion of inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into bladder and bowel. J Urol1984; 131: 1177. Link, Google Scholar 5 : Erosion of an inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into the bladder, presenting as bladder calculi. J Urol1988; 139: 367. Link, Google Scholar 6 : Erosion of an inflatable penile prosthesis reservoir into an ileal conduit. J Urol1987; 137: 297. Link, Google Scholar From the Departments of Urology and Radiology, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 165Issue 2February 2001Page: 531-533 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordsimpotenceinfectionsprostheses and implantspenisMetricsAuthor Information HERBERT USER More articles by this author FREDERICK HOFF More articles by this author KEVIN T. Mc VARY Financial interest and/or other relationship with American Medical Systems and Pfizer. More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Design of sensor electronics for electrical capacitance tomography (1992)

The design of the sensor electronics for a tomographic imaging system based on electrical capacitance sensors is described. The performance of the sensor electronics is crucial to the performance of the imaging system. The problems associated with such a measurement process are discussed and solutions to these are described. Test results show that the present design has a resolution of 0.3 femtofarad (For a 12-electrode system imaging an oil/gas flow, this represents a 2% gas void fraction change at the centre of the pipe) with a low noise level of 0.08 fF (rms value), a large dynamic range of 76 dB and a data acquisition speed of 6600 measurements per second. This enables sensors with up to 12 electrodes to be used in a system with a maximum imaging rate of 100 frames per second, and thus provides an improved image resolution over the earlier 8-electrode system and an adequate electrode area to give sufficient measurement sensitivity.
Advanced antennas for next generation wireless access (2017)

Millimeter wave multibeam antennas are a key technology for enabling beamforming and massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) infrastructure for the fifth generation wireless access (5G). They have attracted a great research attention nowadays and have been intensively investigated in order to achieve previously unattainable system performances. Here we present an overview of the recent advances in multibeam antenna designs based on reflectors, lenses and beamforming networks. We have discussed their principle of operation, design and implementation as well as suitability for the future 5G massive MIMO systems.
Combined Dynamic Light Scattering and Raman Spectroscopy Approach for Characterizing the Aggregation of Therapeutic Proteins (2014)

Determination of the physicochemical properties of protein therapeutics and their aggregates is critical for developing formulations that enhance product efficacy, stability, safety and manufacturability. Analytical challenges are compounded for materials: (1) that are formulated at high concentration, (2) that are formulated with a variety of excipients, and (3) that are available only in small volumes. In this article, a new instrument is described that measures protein secondary and tertiary structure, as well as molecular size, over a range of concentrations and formulation conditions of low volume samples. Specifically, characterization of colloidal and conformational stability is obtained through a combination of two well-established analytical techniques: dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Raman spectroscopy, respectively. As the data for these two analytical modalities are collected on the same sample at the same time, the technique enables direct correlation between them, in addition to the more straightforward benefit of minimizing sample usage by providing multiple analytical measurements on the same aliquot non-destructively. The ability to differentiate between unfolding and aggregation that the combination of these techniques provides enables insights into underlying protein aggregation mechanisms. The article will report on mechanistic insights for aggregation that have been obtained from the application of this technique to the characterization of lysozyme, which was evaluated as a function of concentration and pH.
Low-loss partial rib polarization rotator consisting only of silicon core and silica cladding (2015)

We present a low-loss and small-footprint polarization rotator based on mode evolution. The polarization rotator is composed of an asymmetric-rib waveguide and a tapered waveguide, both of which consist only of a silicon core and a silica cladding. The rotator is fabricated under the same design rules as other device blocks, such as rib-waveguide phase shifters for photonic integration. The polarization rotator is fabricated using CMOS-based processes and provides polarization rotations with an on-chip insertion loss lower than 0.5 dB from transverse-electric (TE) to transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization and a loss lower than 1.0 dB from the TM to TE polarization in a 200 nm wavelength range extending over C and L bands.
Synthesis and Thermal Conductivity of Copper Nanoparticle Decorated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Based Nanofluids (2008)

Copper nanoparticle-loaded multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Cu/MWCNTs) have been synthesized by chemical reduction method using functionalized MWCNTs processed by the chemical vapor deposition technique and copper chloride. Cu/MWCNTs based nanofluids have been synthesized by dispersing nanocomposites of Cu/MWCNTs in deionized water (DI water) and ethylene glycol (EG) polar base fluids without any surfactant. The results showed that well-dispersed Cu/MWCNTs nanofluids with varying concentration of Cu/MWCNTs can be synthesized using the present method. A maximum thermal conductivity at a very low volume fraction of Cu/MWCNTs has resulted due to the homogeneous dispersion of Cu decorated MWCNTs in base fluids and formation of more hydrophilic MWCNTs due to the attachment of oxygen containing functional groups leading to a good interactions of MWCNTs with each other.
Linking Vertical Bulk‐Heterojunction Composition and Transient Photocurrent Dynamics in Organic Solar Cells with Solution‐Processed MoO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Contact Layers (2013)

It is demonstrated that a combination of microsecond transient photocurrent measurements and film morphology characterization can be used to identify a charge‐carrier blocking layer within polymer:fullerene bulk‐heterojunction solar cells. Solution‐processed molybdenum oxide (s‐MoO x ) interlayers are used to control the morphology of the bulk‐heterojunction. By selecting either a low‐ or high‐temperature annealing (70 °C or 150 °C) for the s‐MoO x layer, a well‐performing device is fabricated with an ideally interconnected, high‐efficiency morphology, or a device is fabricated in which the fullerene phase segregates near the hole extracting contact preventing efficient charge extraction. By probing the photocurrent dynamics of these two contrasting model systems as a function of excitation voltage and light intensity, the optoelectronic responses of the solar cells are correlated with the vertical phase composition of the polymer:fullerene active layer, which is known from dynamic secondary‐ion mass spectroscopy (DSIMS). Numerical simulations are used to verify and understand the experimental results. The result is a method to detect poor morphologies in operating organic solar cells.
Imbalance of heterologous protein folding and disulfide bond formation rates yields runaway oxidative stress (2012)

Apparent runaway oxidative stress due to radical production observed here and elsewhere can be explained by a futile cycle of disulfide formation and breaking that consumes reduced glutathione and produces reactive oxygen species. The futile cycle is dominating when protein folding rates are low relative to disulfide bond formation rates. While not strictly conclusive with the present data, this insight does provide a molecular interpretation to an, until now, largely empirical understanding of optimizing heterologous protein secretion. This molecular insight has direct implications on engineering a broad range of recombinant proteins for secretion and provides potential hypotheses for the root causes of several secretory-associated diseases.
SpeDo: 6 DOF Ego-Motion Sensor Using Speckle Defocus Imaging (2015)

Sensors that measure their motion with respect to the surrounding environment (ego-motion sensors) can be broadly classified into two categories. First is inertial sensors such as accelerometers. In order to estimate position and velocity, these sensors integrate the measured acceleration, which often results in accumulation of large errors over time. Second, camera-based approaches such as SLAM that can measure position directly, but their performance depends on the surrounding scene's properties. These approaches cannot function reliably if the scene has low frequency textures or small depth variations. We present a novel ego-motion sensor called SpeDo that addresses these fundamental limitations. SpeDo is based on using coherent light sources and cameras with large defocus. Coherent light, on interacting with a scene, creates a high frequency interferometric pattern in the captured images, called speckle. We develop a theoretical model for speckle flow (motion of speckle as a function of sensor motion), and show that it is quasi-invariant to surrounding scene's properties. As a result, SpeDo can measure ego-motion (not derivative of motion) simply by estimating optical flow at a few image locations. We have built a low-cost and compact hardware prototype of SpeDo and demonstrated high precision 6 DOF ego-motion estimation for complex trajectories in scenarios where the scene properties are challenging (e.g., repeating or no texture) as well as unknown.
Regulation of Expression of the <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> Histidine Operon (1999)

In Lactococcus lactis, the his operon contains all the genes necessary for histidine biosynthesis. It is transcribed from a unique promoter, localized 300 bp upstream of the first gene. The region corresponding to the untranslated 5' end of the transcript, named the his leader region, displays the typical features of the T box transcriptional attenuation mechanism which is involved in the regulation of many amino acid biosynthetic operons and tRNA synthetase genes in gram-positive bacteria. Here we describe the regulation of transcription of the his operon by the level of histidine in the growth medium. In the absence of histidine, two transcripts are present. One covers the entire operon, while the other stops at a terminator situated about 250 bp downstream of the transcription start point. DNA sequences implicated in regulation of the his operon were identified by transcriptional fusion with luciferase genes and site-directed mutagenesis. In addition to the previously defined sequences necessary for effective T-box-mediated regulation, new essential regions were identified. Eighteen percent of the positions of the his leader region were found to differ in seven distantly related strains of L. lactis. Analysis of the variable positions supports the folding model of the central part of the his leader region. Lastly, in addition to the T-box-mediated regulation, the operon is regulated at the level of initiation of transcription, which is repressed in the presence of histidine. An operator site, necessary for full repression, overlaps the terminator involved in the T box attenuation mechanism. The functionality of the operator is altered on plasmids with low and high copy numbers, suggesting that supercoiling may play a role in the expression of the his operon. The extents of regulation at the levels of initiation and attenuation of transcription are 6- to 8-fold and 14-fold, respectively. Together, the two levels of control allow a 120-fold range of regulation of the L. lactis operon by histidine.
Understanding the September 11 Terrorist Attack on America: The Role of Intergroup Theories of Normative Influence (2002)

The present article analyzes the September 11 terrorist attack on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in terms of current theories of normative influence in intergroup conflict. The (conflicting) implications of various social psychological models of decision making for Western and American attempts to reduce the likelihood of further attacks are delineated. We examine the implications of social identity models and models of outgroup normative influence, as well as dynamic models of intergroup behavior that focus on the polarizing effects of outgroup hostility. The influence of Western responses is distinguished for various target audiences, including not only the terrorists, but also pro‐Western Muslims in North America and Europe, unaligned Muslims, and Muslims with anti‐American feelings who do not endorse terrorism.
Prospects for the biological control of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), with special reference to Coptotermes formosanus (2000)

Costs associated with subterranean termite damage and control are estimated to approach $2 billion annually in the United States alone. The Formosan subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, is one of the more economically important subterranean species. In recent years, the shortcomings associated with conventional chemical control methods have prompted policymakers and scientists to evaluate the potential for biological control of subterranean termites (C. formosanus in particular), that is, to determine the potential for natural enemies - predators, parasitoids and pathogens - to suppress termite populations. Ants are the greatest predators of termites, and may have a considerable local impact on termite populations in some areas of the world. A few parasitoids of termites are known, but their potential for regulating termite populations seems negligible. Characteristics of the colony, such as a protected, underground location (and, for the C. formosanus nest, its modular and dispersed nature), are likely to limit the impact predators and parasitoids have on subterranean termites. Thus, there seems little potential for use of these agents for subterranean termite control. For various reasons, pathogenic organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, Protozoa, nematodes and most fungi, have shown little promise for use in biological termite control. However, research suggests that strains of two well-studied, endoparasitic fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, when employed in baiting schemes, may offer the potential for at least some measure of subterranean termite control, although their successful use is compromised by a number of inherent biological limitations and logistical problems that have yet to be solved. Although not strictly in the realm of classical biological control, recent studies suggest that natural products, such as ant semiochemicals and fungal metabolites (siderophores), or their synthetic analogues, eventually might find a use in termite control programmes as repellents or insecticides in wood treatments or soil applications if stable formulations can be developed.
An evaluation of ECT sample height for small flute board grades and Box Manufacturer’s Certification compliance (2009)

TAPPI test T811 is the specified method to ascertain ECT relative to box manufacturer’s certification compliance of corrugated fiberboard under Rule 41/ Alternate Item 222. T811 test sample heights were derived from typical board constructions at the time of the test method’s initial development. New, smaller flute sizes have since been developed, and the use of lighter weight boards has become more common. The T811 test method includes sample specifications for typical A-flute, B-flute, and C-flute singlewall (and doublewall and triplewall) structures, but not for newer thinner E-flute or F-flute structures. This research explores the relationship of ECT sample height to measured compressive load, in an effort to determine valid E-flute and F-flute ECT sample heights for use with the T811 method. Through this process, it identifies challenges present in our use of current ECT test methods as a measure of intrinsic compressive strength for smaller flute structures. The data does not support the use of TAPPI T 811 for ECT measurement for E and F flute structures, and demonstrates inconsistencies with current height specifi-cations for some lightweight B flute.
Effects of precipitates on ferrite grain size in 0·15%C steels (1989)

AbstractAbstractThe effects of precipitates formed by the addition of vanadium, nitrogen, and aluminium on the ferrite grain size of 0·15% C steels have been studied by cooling suitable steels at four rates ranging from 120 to 3·6 K min−l from temperatures giving a constant austenite grain size of 35 μm. The undissolved particles present during austenitising have no role in determining the ferrite grain size. The precipitating particles of vanadium carbide (VC) and particularly vanadium carbonitride (V(C,N)) are excellent ferrite grain size refiners, while aluminium nitride (AlN) has little or no effect on ferrite grain size refinement. The presence of aluminium enhances the ferrite grain size refining effect of V(C,N). The volume fraction of precipitates and their size or distribution are responsible for ferrite grain size refinement.MST/773