gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional eukaryotic nuclear localization signals are widespread in terminal proteins of bacteriophages (2012)

A number of prokaryotic proteins have been shown to contain nuclear localization signals (NLSs), although its biological role remains sometimes unclear. Terminal proteins (TPs) of bacteriophages prime DNA replication and become covalently linked to the genome ends. We predicted NLSs within the TPs of bacteriophages from diverse families and hosts and, indeed, the TPs of Φ29, Nf, PRD1, Bam35, and Cp-1, out of seven TPs tested, were found to localize to the nucleus when expressed in mammalian cells. Detailed analysis of Φ29 TP led us to identify a bona fide NLS within residues 1-37. Importantly, gene delivery into the eukaryotic nucleus is enhanced by the presence of Φ29 TP attached to the 5' DNA ends. These findings show a common feature of TPs from diverse bacteriophages targeting the eukaryotic nucleus and suggest a possible common function by facilitating the horizontal transfer of genes between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
High precision speed measurement by using interferometric techniques (2015)

In this work we present the experimental realization of speed measurement by the use of a two wave interferometer and digital signal processing techniques. We built an automated Michelson interferometer and using an He-Ne laser and with the use of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and computer algorithms we derived a method for finding the speed of displacement. We report uncertainties in the order of 2-3 μm/s. with the use of this procedure. This brings the potential of another physical variable measurement like distance or pressure by this indirect measurement method. This approach is compared with an ultrasonic Logger Pro ® speed measurement system, and the results are compared between systems.
RSVP Refresh Overhead Reduction Extensions (2001)

This document describes a number of mechanisms that can be used to reduce processing overhead requirements of refresh messages, eliminate the state synchronization latency incurred when an RSVP (Resource ReserVation Protocol) message is lost and, when desired, refreshing state without the transmission of whole refresh messages. The same extensions also support reliable RSVP message delivery on a per hop basis. These extension present no backwards compatibility issues.
Bender Elements: Performance and Signal Interpretation (2005)

Bender elements are convenient shear wave transducers for instrumenting soil cells due to optimal soil–transducer coupling and compatible operating frequency. Experimental and analytical methods are implemented in this study to explore various aspects of bender element installations including: electromagnetic coupling prevention, directivity, resonant frequency, detection of first arrival, and near field effects. It is shown that electromagnetic coupling effects are critical in soils with high electrical conductivity and can be minimized by shielding and grounding, or by using parallel-type bender elements. Bender elements generate both P- and S-waves. The in-plane S-wave directivity is quasicircular. The resonant frequency of bender element installations depends on the geometry of the bender element, the anchor efficiency, and the soil stiffness. The cross correlation of subsequent reflections is a self-healing measurement procedure which resolves uncertainties in both travel time and travel distance. Near field effects can be effectively taken into consideration by matching the measured signal with the analytical solution, directly rendering shear wave velocity.
New method to improve thermal stability in the interface of silicon and tungsten by the interposition of plasma deposited tungsten nitride thin film (1994)

Thermally stable tungsten nitride/tungsten bilayer has been proposed for the application of metallization. This bilayer is sequentially formed by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition without breaking vacuum. The Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy reveal that the interaction between the W and Si substrate can be prevented by interposing a 800-Å-thick W67N33 layer. The W67N33/W bilayer maintains the integrity of the interface during annealing at 850 °C for 30 min without the formation of Si2W and interdiffusion phenomena. Sheet resistivity of the W67N33/W bilayer is gradually decreased from 17 to 12 μΩ cm at annealing temperatures up to 850 °C.
Submicron pattern fabrication by focused ion beams (1985)

A focused ion beam (FIB) technology has many advantages for submicron structure fabrication and other maskless processes. In order to develop 4–16 M(D) RAM, the FIB technology is strongly desired for its capability of submicron lithography without proximity effects.
Effect of protein levels on beef inosine acid content. (2011)

To study on effect of feed different level proteins on beef inosine acide content,5 supplement dietary treatments(no supplement as control) were fed 5 groups' cattle and it was compared the differences between the fed protein groups and control ones.The result showed there were no much difference between the fed protein groups and control group that the beef inosine acid content.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of 3-Pyrrolin-2-ones (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTDetermination of the Absolute Configuration of 3-Pyrrolin-2-onesAgnes D. Cuiper, Malgorzata Brzostowska, Jacek K. Gawronski, Wilberth J. J. Smeets, Anthony L. Spek, Henk Hiemstra, Richard M. Kellogg, and Ben L. FeringaView Author Information Department of Organic and Molecular Inorganic Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands, Department of Chemistry, A. Mickiewicz University, 60-780 Poznañ, Poland, Crystal and Structural Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, University of Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands, and Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Chemistry, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 129, 1018 WS Amsterdam, The Netherlands Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 7, 2567–2570Publication Date (Web):March 11, 1999Publication History Received27 October 1998Published online11 March 1999Published inissue 1 April 1999https://doi.org/10.1021/jo982151eCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views879Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (82 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absolute configuration,Amides,Iron,Plants,X-rays Get e-Alerts
FTIR reveals structural differences between native β‐sheet proteins and amyloid fibrils (2004)

The presence of beta-sheets in the core of amyloid fibrils raised questions as to whether or not beta-sheet-containing proteins, such as transthyretin, are predisposed to form such fibrils. However, we show here that the molecular structure of amyloid fibrils differs more generally from the beta-sheets in native proteins. This difference is evident from the amide I region of the infrared spectrum and relates to the distribution of the phi/psi dihedral angles within the Ramachandran plot, the average number of strands per sheet, and possibly, the beta-sheet twist. These data imply that amyloid fibril formation from native beta-sheet proteins can involve a substantial structural reorganization.
Mechanical and acoustic analysis of middle ear reconstruction. (1995)

Existing mechanical and acoustic models of the human middle ear are used to investigate the expected performance of various middle ear reconstructive procedures. Although the results of these analyses generally are consistent with observed surgical results, such an analytic approach enables the formation of some simple rules for maximizing middle ear function after stapedectomy and tympanomastoid surgery. Model analyses predict the following: (1) stapes prostheses of 0.6 to 0.8 mm in diameter produce air-bone gaps of less than 12 dB; smaller diameter prostheses produce larger air-bone gaps; (2) the mass of a stapedectomy or ossicular replacement prosthesis can be 16 times greater than that of the stapes with little effect on the hearing result; (3) the volume of the middle ear air spaces after tympanomastoid surgery should be at least 0.5 cc for optimal acoustic results; and (4) in a type IV tympanoplasty, the effectiveness of the round window graft (acoustic shield) is an important parameter determining the hearing result; the shield should be as impedant (stiff) as possible for optimal postoperative hearing. The model framework described in this report hopefully can be used to investigate the effect of variations in other surgical and help define new procedures.
CUNY-BLENDER TAC-KBP2010 Entity Linking and Slot Filling System Description (2010)

The CUNY-BLENDER team participated in the following tasks in TAC-KBP2010: Regular Entity Linking, Regular Slot Filling and Surprise Slot Filling task (per:disease slot). In the TAC-KBP program, the entity linking task is considered as independent from or a pre-processing step of the slot filling task. Previous efforts on this task mainly focus on utilizing the entity surface information and the sentence/document-level contextual information of the entity. Very little work has attempted using the slot filling results as feedback features to enhance entity linking. In the KBP2010 evaluation, the CUNY-BLENDER entity linking system explored the slot filling attributes that may potentially help disambiguate entity mentions. Evaluation results show that this feedback approach can achieve 9.1% absolute improvement on micro-average accuracy over the baseline using vector space model.
Expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF/RTR) during spermatogenesis (1998)

Germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF/RTR), a novel orphan receptor in the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, is expressed predominantly in developing germ cells. In several mammalian species two GCNF/RTR mRNAs are present in the testis, with the smaller 2.3-kb transcript generally expressed at higher levels than the larger 7.4- or 8.0-kb transcript. In both the mouse and rat, the 2.3- and 7.4-kb GCNF/RTR transcripts were detected in isolated spermatogenic cells, but not in Sertoli cells. Expression of these transcripts is differentially regulated, with the larger 7.4-kb mRNA appearing earlier during testicular development. The major 2.3-kb transcript is expressed predominantly in round spermatids in the mouse and rat. In situ hybridization studies in the rat demonstrated that GCNF/RTR transcripts reach maximal steady-state levels in round spermatids at stages VII and VIII of the spermatogenic cycle, and then decline abruptly as spermatids begin to elongate. RNase protection assays were used to predict the 3′ termination site of the 2.3-kb transcript. An alternative polyadenylation signal (AGUAAA) was identified just upstream of this termination site. These studies suggest that GCNF/RTR may regulate transcription during spermatogenesis, particularly in round spermatids just prior to the initiation of nuclear elongation and condensation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 50:93–102, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A multilayer subarray for multibeam phased arrays (2002)

A multilayer subarray has been developed for the telemetry band, 2.2 to 2.4 GHz. The scan requirements for the subarray are /spl plusmn/60/spl deg/ in azimuth and /spl plusmn/40/spl deg/ in elevation. The multilayer design consist of 10 printed circuit boards that provide 6 dual polarized independent beams formed by amplifiers, phase shifters and power combiners. The subarray thickness is less than 0.2 inches and is constructed from inexpensive commercial-off-the-shelf components. It can be flush mounted to most vehicles. Special fabrication techniques and materials were required to prevent warping and delamination. The design allows all the discrete components, such as LNAs, varactor diodes, etc., to be mounted by a robotic pick-and-place machine. A unique test probe was designed and developed to test and calibrate the subarray. RF performance and fabrication techniques for the subarray are also included.
Comparative study of two image space noise reduction methods for computed tomography: Bilateral filter and nonlocal means (2009)

Optimal noise control is important for improving image quality and reducing radiation dose in computed tomography. Here we investigated two image space based nonlinear filters for noise reduction: the bilateral filter (BF) and the nonlocal means (NLM) algorithm. Images from both methods were compared against those from a commercially available weighted filtered backprojection (WFBP) method. A standard phantom for quality assurance testing was used to quantitatively compare noise and spatial resolution, as well as low contrast detectability (LCD). Additionally, an image dataset from a patient's abdominal CT exam was used to assess the effectiveness of the filters on full dose and simulated half dose acquisitions. We found that both the BF and NLM methods improve the tradeoff between noise and high contrast spatial resolution with no significant difference in LCD. Results from the patient dataset demonstrated the potential of dose reduction with the denoising methods. Care must be taken when choosing the NLM parameters in order to minimize the generation of artifacts that could possibly compromise diagnostic value.
Rapid Testing for HIV: Why So Fast? (1999)

Currents21 September 1999Rapid Testing for HIV: Why So Fast?Brigid KaneBrigid KaneSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00101 SectionsAboutFull Text ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Only one rapid test for diagnosing HIV infection is currently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The screening enzyme immunoassay marketed as a single use diagnostic system (SUDS) by Abbott Diagnostics (Abbott Park, lllinois)—is a multistep test that gives a colorimetric reading within 10 to 15 minutes of adding two drops of a patient's serum or plasma to the test kit's cartridge. When this test was first approved by the FDA in 1992, the U.S. Public Health Service did not trumpet the benefits of rapid HIV testing. Instead, it continued supporting its 1989 recommendations that advised health ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited ByVHH (nanobody) directed against human glycophorin A: A tool for autologous red cell agglutination assaysA 10-minute, US Food and Drug Administration-approved HIV testEvaluation and Treatment of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1—Exposed InfantEvaluation and treatment of the human immunodeficiency virus-1-exposed infantL'évaluation et le traitement du nourrisson exposé au virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type 1Evaluation of three rapid tests for detection of antibodies to HIV-1 non-B subtypesRapid confirmation of HIV infectionAssessment of the Performance of a Rapid, Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to HIVAssessment of the Performance of a Rapid, Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Antibodies to HIVTechnical Report: Perinatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Prevention of Transmission 21 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 6Page: 481-483KeywordsAIDSAntiretroviralsFood and Drug AdministrationHIVHIV infectionsHealth care providersInternetPatientsPostexposure prophylaxisWestern blot Issue Published: 21 September 1999 CopyrightCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...
Pruning Strategies in Adaptive Off-Line Tuning for Optimized Composition of Components on Heterogeneous Systems (2014)

Adaptive program optimizations, such as automatic selection of the expected fastest implementation variant for a computation component depending on runtime context, are important especially for heterogeneous computing systems but require good performance models. Empirical performance models based on trial executions which require no or little human efforts show more practical feasibility if the sampling and training cost can be reduced to a reasonable level. In previous work we proposed an early version of adaptive pruning algorithm for efficient selection of training samples, a decision-tree based method for representing, predicting and selecting the fastest implementation variants for given run-time call context properties, and a composition tool for building the overall composed application from its components. For adaptive pruning we use a heuristic convexity assumption. In this paper we consolidate and improve the method by new pruning techniques to better support the convexity assumption and better control the trade-off between sampling time, prediction accuracy and runtime prediction overhead. Our results show that the training time can be reduced by up to 39 times without noticeable prediction accuracy decrease. Furthermore, we evaluate the effect of combinations of pruning strategies and compare our adaptive sampling method with random sampling. We also use our smart-sampling method as a preprocessor to a state-of-the-art decision tree learning algorithm and compare the result to the predictor directly calculated by our method.
MS2 VLP-based delivery of microRNA-146a inhibits autoantibody production in lupus-prone mice (2012)

Restoring the loss of miR-146a was effective in eliminating the production of autoantibodies and ameliorating SLE progression in lupus-prone mice. Thus, the induction of dysregulated miRNAs by an MS2 VLP-based delivery system may lead to novel therapies.
Factors limiting display of foreign peptides on the major coat protein of filamentous bacteriophage capsids and a potential role for leader peptidase (1998)

Many small peptides can be displayed on every copy of the major coat protein in recombinant filamentous bacteriophages but larger peptides can only be accommodated in hybrid virions mixed with wild-type protein subunits. A peptide insert of 12 residues capable of display at high copy number in a hybrid virion was found to be incapable of supporting recombinant virion assembly, a defect that could not be overcome by over-expressing leader peptidase in the same Escherichia coli cell. In contrast, over-expressing leader peptidase did increase the copy number of two 9-residue peptides that were poorly incorporated into hybrid virions. The factors that limit peptide display are varied and not restricted to the early stages of viral assembly.
The detection of lipase activity in bacteria using novel chromogenic substrates (1992)

The propionate (Pro), decanoate (Dec) and laurate (Lau) esters of 5-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenylmethylene)-2-thioxothiazoline++ +-3-acetic acid were assessed as substrates for lipase and esterase. On hydrolysis these substrates yield an intensely red coloured phenol which could be assayed at 505 nm. The Pro ester was an effective substrate for porcine esterase and was hydrolysed at a rate 20 times greater than the Lau and Dec esters. Conversely, Pseudomonas lipase had a high activity towards the Lau and Dec esters, especially in the presence of bovine serum albumin, but little activity towards the Pro ester. The Dec and Lau were used to detect lipolytic activity in Pseudomonas strains associated with milk spoilage. For this purpose, the substrates were absorbed onto filter paper disks, which were placed over bacterial colonies growing on agar plates; activity was indicated by bright red colouration of discs within 2 h. Escherichia coli colonies hydrolysed the Pro but not the Lau or Dec esters.
Lists of Natural Carotenoids (1971)

Each carotenoid is designated by a prefix number in bold type, which is used for reference throughout this book. Above the structural formula, the commonly used trivial name and additional designations are given, with obsolete or erroneous names in double quotation marks. Shown last is the semi-systematic name (cf. nomenclature rules in the Appendix of this monograph). Uncertainty in a structural formula is indicated by a question mark and uncertain natural occurrence by the term ‘natural?’. A query after a trivial name leaves open the question whether the structural formula shown is correct for the pigment concerned.
Accuracy vs. Efficiency: Achieving Both through FPGA-Implementation Aware Neural Architecture Search (2019)

A fundamental question lies in almost every application of deep neural networks: what is the optimal neural architecture given a specific dataset? Recently, several Neural Architecture Search (NAS) frameworks have been developed that use reinforcement learning and evolutionary algorithm to search for the solution. However, most of them take a long time to find the optimal architecture due to the huge search space and the lengthy training process needed to evaluate each candidate. In addition, most of them aim at accuracy only and do not take into consideration the hardware that will be used to implement the architecture. This will potentially lead to excessive latencies beyond specifications, rendering the resulting architectures useless. To address both issues, in this paper we use Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as a vehicle to present a novel hardware-aware NAS framework, namely FNAS, which will provide an optimal neural architecture with latency guaranteed to meet the specification. In addition, with a performance abstraction model to analyze the latency of neural architectures without training, our framework can quickly prune architectures that do not satisfy the specification, leading to higher efficiency. Experimental results on common data set such as ImageNet show that in the cases where the state-of-the-art generates architectures with latencies 7.81x longer than the specification, those from FNAS can meet the specs with less than 1% accuracy loss. Moreover, FNAS also achieves up to 11.13x speedup for the search process. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the very first hardware aware NAS.