gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trading in the market: an experiment in group decision dynamics (2003)

We describe the use of a computer-supported information market in an experimental decision making task for undergraduate information systems students. The market is organized as a series of seven consecutive weekly face to face sessions. In between those sessions, the students provide feedback on their trading experiences through an online discussion board. We focus on the students' feedback as they deal with the uncertainty and variation of the market and reflect upon their trading behavior. We illustrate how the students cope to understand the decisions obtained in the market while learning about the market mechanisms, behavioral decision strategies and the role of information systems.
Thermal Modification of Collagen (1999)

Abstract Shoulder capsular (collagen) shrinkage has recently been advocated as a therapeutic modality in a select group of patients with multidirectional instability. Tissue shrinkage is a function of temperature and time. This relationship was studied and two models were derived to describe the relationship mathematically for shrinkage and mechanical properties.
Non-Obtrusive Detection of Concealed Metallic Objects Using Commodity WiFi Radios (2018)

In light of increasing interest in detection of concealed metallic weapons, there is a great need to have robust and non-obtrusive metal detection systems with large coverage areas. Conventional systems based on electromagnetic induction or X- rays are effective, but have small coverage areas in addition to requiring costly infrastructure. In this paper, we explore the use of ubiquitously present WiFi signals for non-obtrusive detection of concealed metal objects. For the purpose, we build a prototype system consisting of a single- antenna commodity WiFi radio as a transmitter, and two multi-antenna radios as receivers placed in an indoor environment of approximately 42 ft by 39 ft. We conduct extensive experiments with subjects walking through the setup with (or without) a sheet of metal placed around their chests. We use the channel state-information collected from the receivers to train a deep convolutional neural network, and find that the proposed system can differentiate between the metal and non-metal cases with an average accuracy of 86.44.
Radio‐Frequency Ionization of Organic Compounds for Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2013)

A new ionization technique: A radio-frequency signal was used to ionize neutral organic molecules in the ultrahigh-vacuum region of a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. Radio-frequency ionization (RFI) yielded signal/noise (S/N) ratios roughly six times higher than those generated by conventional 70 eV electron impact ionization (EI).
Neutral copper(<scp>i</scp>) dipyrrin complexes and their use as sensitizers in dye-sensitized solar cells (2014)

[Cu(<sc>i</sc>)(dipyrrin)(bipy)] complexes have been prepared and show intense visible absorption leading to function as sensitizing dyes in solar cells.
TGF-beta and CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T cells (2006)

TGF-beta and CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg) both play an important role in the control of immune responses and the maintenance of immune homeostasis. The mechanism of suppression induced by Treg and the factors which regulate Treg function and number, have only begun to be elucidated. TGF-beta seems to act as an effector cytokine involved in the immunosuppressive function of Treg in vitro and in vivo, although its origin and mechanism of action remains to be defined. In addition, TGF-beta signaling in peripheral Treg seems to be essential for the regulation of peripheral Treg numbers and for their immunosuppressive function in vivo. This review will focus on the role of TGF-beta for the generation and expansion of CD4+CD25+ Treg, as well as for their immunosuppressive function in vitro and in vivo.
A Radix-4 Chrestenson Gate for Optical Quantum Computation (2018)

A recently developed four-port directional coupler used in optical signal processing applications is shown to be equivalent to a radix-4 Chrestenson operator, or gate, in quantum information processing (QIP) applications. The radix-4 qudit is implemented as a location-encoded photon incident on one of the four ports of the coupler. The quantum informatics transfer matrix is derived for the device based upon the conservation of energy equations when the coupler is employed in a classical sense in an optical communications environment. The resulting transfer matrix is the radix-4 Chrestenson transform. This result indicates that a new practical device is available for use in the implementation of radix-4 QIP applications or in the construction of a radix-4 quantum computer.
Adaptive Control Optimization of Cutting Parameters for High Quality Machining Operations Based on Neural Networks and Search Algorithms (2008)

In traditional Computer Numerical Control (CNC) systems, machining parameters are usually selected prior to machining according to handbooks or user's experience. These practices tend to select conservative parameters in order to avoid machining failure and assure product quality specifications. Less conservative practices try to find optimal machining parameters off-line to increase process productivity after conducting experimentation However, variations during the machining process due to tool wear, temperature changes, vibrations and other disturbances make inefficient any off-line optimization methodology, especially in high quality machining operations where product quality specifications are very restrictive. Therefore, to assure the quality of machining products, reduce costs and increase machining efficiency, cutting parameters must be optimised in real-time according to the actual state of the process. This optimization process in real-time is conducted through an adaptive control of the machining process. The adaptive control applied in machining systems is classified as In the ACC systems, process parameters are manipulated in real time to maintain a specific process variable, such as force or power, at a constraint value. Typically, ACC systems are utilized in roughing operations where material removal rate is maximized by maintaining the cutting forces at the highest possible cutting force such that the tool is not in danger of breaking (Zuperl et al., 2005). In the GAC systems, the economic process optimization problem is dominated by the need to maintain product quality such as dimensional accuracy and/or surface finish GAC systems are typically used in finishing operations with the objective of maintaining a specific part quality despite structural deflections and tool wear. Sensor feedback is often employed to measure surface roughness and dimensional quality between parts and adjustments, so tool offsets and feed overrides can be adjusted for the next part. In the ACO systems, machine settings are selected to optimize a performance index such as production time, unit cost, etc. Traditionally, ACO systems have dealt with adjusting cutting parameters (feed-rate, spindle speed and depth of cut) to maximise
Open multimedia application platform: enabling multimedia applications in third generation wireless terminals through a combined RISC/DSP architecture (2002)

Describes how multimedia applications will be enabled in 3G wireless terminals thanks to the efficiency of the DSP core embedded in the TI Open Multimedia Application Platform (OMAP). The OMAP H/W architecture is described, with an emphasis on how multimedia applications (video, audio, speech) will benefit from this advanced architecture. The paper also depicts the advantages provided by a combined RISC/DSP architecture, compared to a single RISC architecture, for 3G multimedia mobile applications.
Surface directed spinodal decomposition in a partially miscible polymer blend (1995)

We have studied the effect of the surface and interface on the phase separation of thin films of a blend of deuterated polystyrene and poly(α-methyl styrene) using 3He nuclear reaction analysis. In the unstable region of the phase diagram, surface directed spinodal decomposition is observed. We describe the growth of the morphology and see that the depletion layer behind the wetting layer at the substrate grows faster than the wetting layer at the vacuum interface with power law growth exponents of 0.27 and 0.14, respectively. The early size of the wetting layer is compared with a theoretical zero-time spinodal wavelength. This wavelength decreases when the film is thinner than a critical thickness in accord with other workers.
Multiple Independent Defective <i>Suppressor-mutator</i> Transposon Insertions in Arabidopsis: A Tool for Functional Genomics (1999)

A new system for insertional mutagenesis based on the maize Enhancer/Suppressor-mutator (En/Spm) element was introduced into Arabidopsis. A single T-DNA construct carried a nonautonomous defective Spm (dSpm) element with a phosphinothricin herbicide resistance (BAR) gene, a transposase expression cassette, and a counterselectable gene. This construct was used to select for stable dSpm transpositions. Treatments for both positive (BAR) and negative selection markers were applicable to soil-grown plants, allowing the recovery of new transpositions on a large scale. To date, a total of 48,000 lines in pools of 50 have been recovered, of which approximately 80% result from independent insertion events. DNA extracted from these pools was used in reverse genetic screens, either by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers from the transposon and the targeted gene or by the display of insertions whereby inverse PCR products of insertions from the DNA pools are spotted on a membrane that is then hybridized with the probe of interest. By sequencing PCR-amplified fragments adjacent to insertion sites, we established a sequenced insertion-site database of 1200 sequences. This database permitted a comparison of the chromosomal distribution of transpositions from various T-DNA locations.
Self-Tuning Control of Batch Polymerization Reactor. (1998)

The optimal temperature control of a batch jacketed free radical polymerization reactor with self-tuning PID and conventional PID control methods are considered. The controller is implemented on a digital computer to track precalculated optimal temperature trajectories obtained for different initiator initiation concentration in a batch styrene polymerization reactor. The performance of the self-tuning controller is compared against that of a PID controller. Self-tuning controller provides good, robust control in despite of the nonlinear dynamics of the polymerization reactor system.
Simultaneous Separation of Actinium and Radium Isotopes from a Proton Irradiated Thorium Matrix (2017)

A new method has been developed for the isolation of <sup>223,224,225</sup>Ra, in high yield and purity, from a proton irradiated <sup>232</sup>Th matrix. Herein we report an all-aqueous process using multiple solid-supported adsorption steps including a citrate chelation method developed to remove >99.9% of the barium contaminants by activity from the final radium product. A procedure involving the use of three columns in succession was developed, and the separation of <sup>223,224,225</sup>Ra from the thorium matrix was obtained with an overall recovery yield of 91 ± 3%, average radiochemical purity of 99.9%, and production yields that correspond to physical yields based on previously measured excitation functions.
Nivolumab plus Ipilimumab in Lung Cancer with a High Tumor Mutational Burden (2018)

Progression-free survival was significantly longer with first-line nivolumab plus ipilimumab than with chemotherapy among patients with NSCLC and a high tumor mutational burden, irrespective of PD-L1 expression level. The results validate the benefit of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in NSCLC and the role of tumor mutational burden as a biomarker for patient selection. (Funded by Bristol-Myers Squibb and Ono Pharmaceut
<title>Reconstruction technique for focal spot wobbling</title> (1992)

Focal spot wobbling provides a means of obtaining doubled spatial sampling in third generation computed tomography (CT) scanners. In this paper, we present a reconstruction technique which makes use of the fact that the spatial sampling interval has been halved. The proposed scheme improves system resolution and reduces the amount of computation.
Comparison of Gleptosil with iron Dextran for anemia prevention in young pigs (1982)

Gleptosil, a commercial iron product, was compared with iron dextran for the prevention of iron deficiency anemia in young pigs. Using 26 litters, pigs (within each litter) were randomly allotted to one of the three treatments: 1) control (no iron), 2) iron dextran (200 mg) and 3) Gleptosil (2OO mg). Blood was collected at 0, 10, 21 and 50 days post-treatment for red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), hemoglobin (HGB) concentration, serum iron concentration and serum iron-binding capacity (IBC). At 21 days, 30 pigs (one pig/treatment from each of 10 litters) were killed to determine mg non-heme iron (NHFe) in liver and spleen, bile IBC and concentrations of bile and fecal iron. There were no differences (P<.05) between iron sources in 3- or 8-week body weight or in any of the blood or tissue characteristics. In contrast, control pigs gained less (P<.05) weight and had lower (P<.05) RBC, HGB, HCT, serum iron, and liver and spleen NHFe than those that received iron dextran or Gleptosil. Serum IBC was greater (P<.05) for the control than for iron-treated pigs. These results demonstrate that the iron from iron dextran and Gleptosil can be used with similar efficiency for anemia prevention in young pigs.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 11, 1982
Pegamotecan (EZ-246), a novel PEGylated camptothecin conjugate, for treatment of adenocarcinomas of the stomach and gastroesophageal (GE) junction: Preliminary results of a single-agent phase 2 study (2004)

4030 Background: The results of a phase 1 study of pegamotecan have been published.1 This phase 2 study was designed to evaluate the activity of pegamotecan in advanced and metastatic adenocarcinomas of the stomach and GE junction. Methods: This multicenter, open-label, single arm study utilized a Fleming 2-stage design. Fifteen subjects were enrolled in the first stage; one response allowed for enrollment of 20 additional subjects. Eligibility criteria included: pathologically confirmed measurable adenocarcinoma of the stomach or GE junction, performance status 0–2, ≤ 1 prior chemotherapy regimens, no prior treatment with a camptothecin analog. Pegamotecan was administered at 7,000 mg/m2 q 3 weeks. The primary endpoint was response rate (RECIST). Secondary endpoints included safety and tolerability, survival, and patient benefit parameters. Results: Preliminary data are available for 15 subjects who received a total of 52 cycles (range 1 – 10). The median age was 62 years (range 36 – 79). Partial responses (PR) were observed in 4 subjects (27%). Two responses were noted after 2 cycles, 1 after 4 cycles, and 1 after 6 cycles. Two of these subjects remained on study for 9 and 10 cycles, respectively. Stable disease (SD) was observed in 6 subjects (40%). Five of these subjects remained on study for 4 cycles, and 1 for 6 cycles. The most common adverse events (AE) were nausea (n=8), anemia (n=6), vomiting (n=5), and fatigue (n=5). Only 1 grade 3 AE (nausea) and 1 grade 4 AE (vomiting) that occurred in the same patient were reported. Two subjects developed grade 2 cystitis, in each of whom dehydration was reported. Another subject who received 10 cycles in whom aggressive hydration was documented did not develop cystitis. Conclusions: Pegamotecan is a promising treatment for adenocarcinoma of the stomach and GE junction. It appears to be well tolerated, with a low incidence of grade 3 and 4 toxicities. Grade 2 cystitis, a known toxicity of camptothecin, was observed in 2 subjects. Data will be updated prior to presentation. 1. Rowinsky EK et al. J Clin Onc 21:148–57, 2003 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Enzon Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
NMDA‐induced glutamate and aspartate release from rat cortical pyramidal neurones: evidence for modulation by a 5‐HT<sub>1A</sub> antagonist (1995)

1 We have investigated an aspect of the regulation of cortical pyramidal neurone activity. Microdialysis was used to assess whether topical application of drugs (in 10 μl) to fill a burr hole over the frontal cortex, where part of the corticostriatal pathway originates, would change concentrations of the excitatory amino acids glutamate and aspartate in the striatum of the anaesthetized rat. 2 Topical application of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA, 2 and 20 mM) dose-dependently increased glutamate and aspartate concentrations in the striatum. Coapplication of tetrodotoxin (10 μm) blocked the NMDA-evoked rise in these amino acids. A calcium-free medium, perfused through the probe also blocked the rise, indicating that it was due to an exocytotic mechanism in the striatum. 3 It was hypothesized that the rise observed was due to an increase in the activity of the corticostriatal pathway. As 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1a) receptors are enriched on cell bodies of corticostriatal neurones, a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist (WAY 100135) was coapplied with the lower dose of NMDA. Compared to NMDA alone, coapplication of 50 μm WAY 100135 significantly increased glutamate release. This effect was sensitive to tetrodotoxin and calcium-dependent. Application of 50 μm WAY 100135 alone significantly enhanced glutamate release above baseline; this was also tested at 100 μm (not significant). 4 Compared to NMDA alone, coapplication of WAY 100135 (20 μm) significantly enhanced aspartate release; the mean value was also increased (not significantly) with 50 μm. This rise was calcium-dependent, but not tetrodotoxin-sensitive. WAY 100135 (100 μm) reduced NMDA-induced aspartate release. Application of the drug alone had no effect on basal aspartate release. 5 Coapplication of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OHDPAT (5 mM) with NMDA did not affect the NMDA-evoked increase in glutamate and aspartate. 6 Topical application of high potassium (100 mM) to the surface of the cortex did not result in a detectable rise in striatal glutamate or aspartate. 7 Perfusion of WAY 100135 (tested at 50 μm) through the dialysis probe did not affect glutamate or aspartate concentrations. 8 It was concluded that a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist can increase the activity of corticostriatal pyramidal neurones. As in Alzheimer's disease hypoactivity of pyramidal neurones almost certainly exists, a selective 5-HT1A-antagonist may be potentially useful in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms of this disease.
Nonlinear least‐squares inversion of reflection coefficients using Bayesian regularization (2007)

Inversion of seismic reflection coefficients is formulated in Bayesian framework. In addition to the elastic parameters two scalar quantities quantifying the variance level in the prior of the elastic parameters and measurement noise are included in the inversion. The maximum a posteriori solution is derived and the result is an adaptive weighted least squares inversion algorithm with the ratio between the variance levels as a data driven damping factor. The algorithm is tested on synthetic nonlinear PP and joint PP and PS reflection data, but is valid for inversion of any forward problem.
Incidental breast lesions detected on CT: what is their significance? (2010)

An increasing number of breast lesions are being detected incidentally on CT. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of referrals to the breast unit for assessment of lesions identified on CT and the resulting yield of previously undiagnosed breast malignancies from this pathway. A retrospective review was undertaken of CT examinations conducted over a period of 14 years. All patients (with no previous history of breast cancer) whose report contained the keyword "breast" and who were referred to a specialist breast unit for assessment were reviewed. CT lesion morphology and enhancement pattern were identified and compared with the final diagnostic outcome. 70 patients were identified by retrospective analysis, yielding 78 incidental breast lesions, of which 22 (28.2%) were malignant (category B5). This gave a positive predictive value (PPV) for malignancy of 28.2%. The best morphological predictor of malignancy was spiculation (PPV, 76%) and irregularity (PPV, 58%), whereas calcification patterns (PPV, 36%) were diagnostically unhelpful. Malignant lesions were likely to be larger (mean, 28.5 mm) than benign lesions (mean, 20.2 mm; p<0.05). In conclusion, 30% of incidental breast lesions in this large series of patients proved to be unsuspected breast cancers, particularly irregular spiculated masses. Referral for formal triple assessment of CT-diagnosed breast lesions is worthwhile, and careful examination of the breast should be a routine part of CT examinations.
A prospective study of topical dimethyl sulfoxide for treating anthracycline extravasation. (1988)

Twenty patients with extravasation of anthracyclines were treated on a single-arm pilot study with topical 99% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and observed for 3 months with regular examinations and photographs. DMSO was applied to approximately twice the area affected by the extravasation and allowed to air dry. This was repeated every six hours for 14 days. The initial signs of extravasation included swelling in 17 patients, erythema in 15, and pain in 12. The median area of damage was 8.25 cm2 and a median of 25 minutes elapsed between extravasation and application of DMSO with one patient not treated until seven days postextravasation. Sixteen patients were observed for 3 months, two died of disease earlier after receiving 2 weeks of DMSO and three days of DMSO, respectively, and two were lost to follow-up having received one day and five days of DMSO. In no patient did extravasation progress to ulceration or require surgical intervention, suggesting with 95% confidence a true ulceration rate of between 1% and 17%. At 3 months there was no sign of residual damage in six patients, while a pigmented indurated area remained in ten. Two patients had a recall reaction with increased pain at the extravasation site when further intravenous (IV) doxorubicin was administered. The only toxicities of DMSO included a burning feeling on application subsequently associated with itch, erythema, and mild scaling. Blisters occurred in four patients. Six patients reported a characteristic breath odor associated with DMSO. Topical DMSO appears to be a safe and effective treatment for anthracycline extravasation.