gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A prescription for &ldquo;nature&rdquo; &ndash; the potential of using virtual nature in therapeutics (2018)

Many studies suggest that increased exposure to urban greenness is associated with better population health. Accessing nature can in some circumstances, however, be difficult, especially for individuals with mobility constraints. Therefore, a growing body of work is investigating the ways to replace the in vivo experience with forms of "virtual" contact, in order to provide these individuals with at least some benefits of the natural environment. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of previous use of virtual reality (VR) nature in health and care settings and contemplate the potential use of this technology in future. Our central question is whether engaging with virtual nature can contribute to enhanced physical and emotional well-being in housebound or mobility-constrained individuals. We conclude that while contact with real-world nature is preferred, VR use can be an alternative in cases when in vivo contact with nature is not possible. There are many possibilities for the use of VR technology in psychiatric and medical care; however, the risks, benefits, and cost efficiency of these attempts should be carefully assessed and the outcomes should be measured in a scientifically valid manner. The current review has nonetheless demonstrated that VR nature could play a role in each of the proposed mediating mechanisms linking natural environments and health.
Review of graphene–ceramic matrix composites (2013)

Graphene has remarkable mechanical properties, which makes it potentially a good reinforcement in ceramic composites. It also has unique electrical and thermal properties, which makes it an attractive filler for producing multifunctional ceramics for a wide range of applications. In the past few years, relatively little attention has been focused on graphene ceramic matrix composites (GCMC) in comparison to polymer composites. This review gives a comprehensive overview on the state of the art of GCMC, including materials synthesis, densification and characterisation. The published literature allows us to define the critical steps for processing GCMC, and identify its influence on the multifunctional and mechanical properties of the composites. Finally, the potential future applications and current research trends in GCMC are presented.
Interconnection of Distributed Components: An Overview of Current Middleware Solutions* (2000)

From design and manufacturing to electronic commerce, coordinating business activities in engineering applications requires accessing data and software from distributed sources. The Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) of the Object Management Group emerged in the 1990’s as a standard for access to distributed software components. Since that time, the standard has matured significantly, providing advanced features for event notification and transaction processing. At the same time, Java-based technology for distributed object computing has also emerged, from Remote Method Invocation to Enterprise JavaBeans, Jini Connection Technology, JavaSpaces, Java Messaging Service, and Java Transaction Service. Sorting through the options available for the use of such tools can be a difficult task. This paper provides an overview of CORBA and Java technology for distributed object computing. A comparison of these different technologies is presented, discussing the similarities and differences, as well as the way in which such tools can be used together for distributed access to the types of software and data components that are needed for the construction of distributed engineering applications. Future directions for the use of such tools are also identified.
Preparation and Characterization of Water-Insoluble Gardenia Blue Pigment (2021)

Based on molecular simulations, the synthetic route of water-insoluble gardenia blue pigment was prepared by the reaction of genipin and L-Phenylalanine methyl ester hydrochloride. A highly purified pigment was obtained after extraction by chloroform and purification by silica gel column chromatography, and the value of color is up to 288. A study on the structural characteristics of the pigment was implemented with a scanning electron microscope, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer, and quatropde-time of flight mass spectrometer. The results showed that the surface of the pigment was largely smooth and spherical; The <i>λ</i><sub>max</sub> was 607 nm, and the main functional groups include O-C=O, C=O, C-N, C=C, OH, and benzene ring; We detrained six different molecular weight and chemical structures of pigments and speculated the particular structures and formation mechanisms of three kinds of pigment, whose molecular weights are 690.1156, 720.1226, and 708.1246 Da, respectively. The pigment was only able to be dissolved in ethanol, methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate, and other strong polar organic solvents, but was not able to be dissolved in water, ethyl ether, petroleum ether, and other weak polar organic solvents. In terms of light and thermal stabilities, water-insoluble gardenia blue pigment is significantly better than water-soluble gardenia blue pigment (<i>p</i> < 0.05). When it is under direct light for 7 days or incubated at 80-120 °C for 24 h, the pigment residual rates were 74.90, 95.26, 88.27, and 87.72%, respectively.
Tuning and switching a DNA polymerase motor with mechanical tension (2003)

Recent single-molecule experiments reveal that mechanical tension on DNA can control both the speed and direction of the DNA polymerase motor. We present a theoretical description of this tension-induced "tuning" and "switching." The internal conformational states of the enzyme motor are represented as nodes, and the allowed transitions between states as links, of a biochemical network. The motor moves along the DNA by cycling through a given sequence of internal states. Tension and other external control parameters, particularly the ambient concentrations of enzyme, nucleotides, and pyrophosphates, couple into the internal conformational dynamics of the motor, thereby regulating the steady-state flux through the network. The network links are specified by bulk-phase kinetic data (in the absence of tension), and rudimentary models are used to describe the dependence on tension of key links. We find that this network analysis simulates well the chief results from single-molecule experiments including the tension-induced attenuation of polymerase activity, the onset of exonucleolysis at high tension, and insensitivity to large changes in concentration of the enzyme. A major dependence of the switching tension on the nucleotide concentration is also predicted.
CRANES IN NEED OF CHANGE (1971)

Containers and bulk cargoes are radically altering the handling demands at ports. Transporter type cranes are becoming popular, but the jib crane may still be the better solution for general use.
An Approach of Semantic Similarity Measure between Ontology Concepts Based on Multi Expression Programming (2009)

To improve accuracy of semantic similarity measure between ontology concepts, four main factors that impact on semantic similarity measure is taken into account. They are semantic distance, semantic depth, semantic coincidence and semantic density. Firstly, they were preprocessed to obtain four basic methods for calculating semantic similarity. And then Multi Expression Programming algorithm was adopted to combine and optimize the four basic methods. Thus, an approach of semantic similarity measure between ontology concepts based on Multi Expression Programming is proposed. At last, the approach is tested using dataset extracted from WordNet. The experiment result shows that the approach can be able to exclude the influence of non-key factor and enhance accuracy of semantic similarity measure.
In vivo hepatoprotective activity of active fraction from ethanolic extract of Eclipta alba leaves. (2001)

The alcoholic extract of fresh leaves of the plant Eclipta alba (Ea), previously reported for is hepatoprotective activity was fractionated into three parts to chemically identify the most potent bioactive fraction. The hepatoprotective potential of the fraction prepared from extract was studied in vivo in rats and mice against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective activity was determined on the basis of their effects on parameters like hexobarbitone sleep time, zoxazolamine paralysis time, bromosulphaline clearance, serum transaminases and serum bilirubin. Fraction EaII (10-80 mg/kg, p.o.) containing coumestan wedelolactone and desmethylwedelolactone as major components with apigenin, luteolin, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and protocateuic acid as minor constituents exhibited maximum hepatoprotective activity and is the active fraction for hepatoprotective activity of Eclipta alba leave. The acute toxicity studies have shown that like Ea, Fraction EaII also high safety margin.
Yeast mRNA splicing in vitro. (1985)

Synthetic actin and CYH2 pre-mRNAs containing a single intron are accurately spliced in a soluble whole cell extract of yeast. Splicing in vitro requires ATP. The excised intron is released as a lariat in which an RNA branch connects the 5' end of the molecule to the last A in the "intron conserved sequence" UACUAAC. Two other discrete RNA species produced during splicing in vitro may represent reaction intermediates: free, linear exon 1 and a form of the intron lariat extending beyond the 3' splice site to include exon 2. Both lariat forms correspond to molecules previously shown to be produced during yeast pre-mRNA splicing in vivo.
Human Papillomavirus E2 Down-regulates the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase Promoter (2002)

The transcriptional regulation of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene is a critical step in transformation and differentiation. Human papillomavirus E2 protein inhibits cell growth in HPV-infected cells and triggers apoptosis in HeLa cells. Because E2 induces cell growth suppression and senescence, we hypothesize that the protein may modulate cellular gene expression related to these processes. In this report, we demonstrate that E2 inhibits the hTERT promoter. The mapping of the E2-responsive region of hTERT reveals that Sp1 is important for E2-mediated repression of this promoter in 293T cells. Site-directed mutagenesis data on the hTERT promoter show that E2 does not abolish E-Box-mediated transcription and represses promoter activity via the Sp1 binding site. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation assays indicate that E2 is actively recruited to the hTERT promoter region. Our findings provide novel insights into the biological function of human papillomavirus E2.
The Effect of Dietary Soy Supplementation on Hot Flushes (1998)

Soy protein isolate added daily to the diet substantially reduced the frequency of hot flushes in climacteric women.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in Huntington’s disease: the bioenergetics of isolated and <i>in situ</i> mitochondria from transgenic mice (2007)

Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to participate in Huntington's disease (HD) pathogenesis. Here we compare the bioenergetic behavior of forebrain mitochondria isolated from different transgenic HD mice (R6/2, YAC128 and Hdh150 knock-in) and wild-type littermates with the first determination of in situ respiratory parameters in intact HD striatal neurons. We assess the Ca2+-loading capacity of isolated mitochondria by steady Ca2+-infusion. Mitochondria from R6/2 mice (12-13 weeks) and 12 months YAC128, but not homozygous or heterozygous Hdh150 knock-in mice (15-17 weeks), exhibit increased Ca2+-loading capacity when compared with respective wild-type littermates. In situ mitochondria in intact striatal neurons show high respiratory control. Moreover, moderate expression of full-length mutant huntingtin (in Hdh150 knock-in heterozygotes) does not significantly impair mitochondrial respiration in unstimulated neurons. However, when challenged with energy-demanding stimuli (NMDA-receptor activation in pyruvate-based media to accentuate the mitochondria role in Ca2+-handling), Hdh150 neurons are more vulnerable to Ca2+-deregulation than neurons from their wild-type littermates. These results stress the importance of assessing HD mitochondrial function in the cellular context.
Effect of Chitosan Implantation on Activation of Canine Macrophages and Polymorphonuclear Cells after Surgical Stress. (1996)

The effect of cotton type chitosan implantation under the skin on the immunological response mediated by macrophages and whole blood was evaluated by chemiluminescence (CL) in dogs. The number of white blood cells was significantly decreased until 120 hr after operation in the control group (p < 0.05), while chitosan implantation increased the number of white blood cells, particularly neutrophils, from 24 to 96 hr after implantation (p < 0.05). The CL response of whole blood in the control group seemed to be reduced at 48 and 96 hr after operation (p < 0.05), but in the chitosan groups it maintained higher activity until 120 hr after implantation (p < 0.05). The macrophage activity measured by CL assay in the control group was markedly decreased from 24 to 120 hr after operation, and that for the 5 mg/kg chitosan group was also decreased at 24 and 48 hr after implantation (p < 0.05), although high activity was observed from 72 to 120 hr after implantation (p < 0.05). Neither 5 mg/kg nor 10 mg/kg chitosan groups showed any reduction in CL response of macrophages after operation, and the 20 mg/kg chitosan group retained high CL response of macrophages until 120 hr after operation (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that chitosan may be an efficacious and useful immunopotentiator for preventation of immunosuppression after surgery.
Learning an English-Chinese Lexicon from a Parallel Corpus. (1994)

We report experiments on automatic learning of an English-Chinese translation lexicon, through statistical training on a large parallel corpus. The learned vocabulary size is nontrivial at 6,517 English words averaging 2.33 Chinese translations per entry, with a manuallyfiltered precision of 95.1% and a single-most-probable precision of 91.2%. We then introduce a significance filtering method that is fully automatic, yet still yields a weighted precision of 86.0%. Learning of translations is adaptive to the domain. To our knowledge, these are the first empirical results of the kind between an Indo-European and non-Indo-European language for any significant corpus size with a non-toy vocabulary. 1 Introduction A criticism of statistical machine translation tools is that convincing empirical results to date are largely confined to similar language pairs, such as French and English. We offer some contributions to the pool of evidence supporting the language-independence of statistical te...
Zulässige und unzulässige Komplexitätsreduktion beim Kulturträger Nation (2009)

Klaus P. Hansen widmet sich dem Kollektiv Nation. Er zeigt, dass nicht die oft unterstellte Homogenität diese zusammenhält, sondern vielmehr kollektive Mehrfachzugehörigkeiten oder "Polykollektivität". Hansen veranschaulicht wie Interaktionsregeln und Institutionen den Kollektiven Kohäsion verleihen und wie sie in präkollektiven und pankollektiven Zusammenhängen funktionieren. Auf Grundlage dieser Prozesse können Nationen letztlich als Unikatskonglomerate analysiert werden.
Sensitive and rapid method for determination of superoxide-generating activity of blood monocytes and its use as a probe for monocyte function in cancer patients. (1979)

The superoxide anion-generating capacity of human blood monocytes was measured by a sensitive and rapid method established by taking advantage of the fact that the generation of superoxide anions by monocytes was markedly enhanced by the combined stimulation of the cells with cytochalasin-E and wheat germ agglutinin. The activity was expressed by the initial rate of cytochrome c reduction after the addition of wheat germ agglutinin. The rate obtained with normal human monocytes was 0.73 +/- 0.19 nmol/min/10(5) monocytes (mean +/- SD, n = 10). Because of its sensitivity, the method required only 10(5) monocytes and can be used to follow the monocyte function in various patients. Preliminary data obtained with 15 cases of advanced cancer patients (0.29 +/- 0.10 nmol/min/10(5) monocytes) suggested a possible decrease of the superoxide-generating activity, at least in some state of cancer patients. It appears that measurement of superoxide-generating activity will be meaningful to monitor monocyte function.
Copolymerization Behavior of N-Vinylimidazole with Various Diaikyl Maleates and Fumarates (1984)

Abstract N-Vinylimidazole was copolymerized with diaikyl maleates and fumarates in order to investigative quantitatively the deviation from the Alfrey-Price Q,e scheme as a function of steric hindrance or collision frequency. There was no particular correlation observed between deviations from the Alfrey-Price Q,e-scheme of alkyl maleates (cis isomers) and fumarates (trans isomers) and the bulkiness of those monomers. The copolymerization reactivities of these comonomers can be understood by the so-called “collision theory.” Maleates were more affected than fumarates in this regard.
An update on bioactive plant lignans (2005)

Lignans are a class of secondary plant metabolites produced by oxidative dimerization of two phenylpropanoid units. Although their molecular backbone consists only of two phenylpropane (C6-C3) units, lignans show an enormous structural diversity. There is a growing interest in lignans and their synthetic derivatives due to applications in cancer chemotherapy and various other pharmacological effects. This review deals with lignans possessing anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities, and comprises the data reported in more than 100 peer-reviewed articles, so as to highlight the recently reported bioactive lignans that could be a first step towards the development of potential new therapeutic agents.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Activity of of α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Normal Subjects and in Subjects with Hypothalamic-Pituitary Dysfunction* (1984)

The gonadotropin-releasing activity of synthetic alpha MSH, previously found in normal men, was evaluated in women with different hormonal environments and in patients with acyclic gonadotropin release due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction. alpha MSH (2.5 mg, iv) administered as either a single or two repeated pulses (at 2-h intervals) elicited unequivocal pituitary release of LH in normal women during the luteal phase and midcycle surge and in patients with functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, hyperprolactinemic amenorrhea, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Concomitant release of LH and FSH occurred only in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients and normal men. alpha MSH had no discernible effect on gonadotropin release in women during the early and late follicular phases of the cycle, in postmenopausal women, and in patients with isolated gonadotropin deficiency, even after pulsatile GnRH priming. The present observations confirm and extend our earlier finding that alpha MSH possesses gonadotropin-releasing activity in men and indicate that alpha MSH has similar properties in women with progesterone- and androgen-dominated environments or with specific types of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction marked by attenuated GnRH-LH release.
Conservation Committee Report (1983)

The recently formed conservation committee of the American Federation of Aviculture is in need of funds to initiare a variety of projects which were proposed at the Annual Conference in Washington, D.C., last August. The multi-faceted approach to the organization's over-all conservation endeavors includes projects such as AFA-initiated field studies (the first, currently under way on the Red-headed Amazon, Amazona virzdigenalis); public education programs; stipends to existing captive breeding programs for certain endangered species; contributions to field studies initiated by others; and support of proposed land acquisitions for habitat preservation. All of this sounds good' All of these measures are positive' All of these efforts can enhance the total conservation effort on a global scale' The major problem is-none of these proposals can be effectively implemented without adequate funding! As chairman of the Conservation Committee I am appealing to avicultur- ists to assist us in this endeavor by doing what they do best-RAISE BIRDS' My appeal is for each person who raise birds, who appreciates these interesting and beautiful creatures, who has reaped joy and pleasure from keeping them in captivity, to maintain and breed a pair of. birds in their collections on behalf of the AFA conservation committee and donate the wholesale value from the sale of the young from this pair to the conservation fund. Even though we suggest a semidomesticated species such as cockariels, lovebirds, canaries, golden pheasants, diamond doves, mandarin ducks, zebra finches or budgies, it makes no difference which species you select to breed, what color or what kind. As an example of the potential impact of such a cooperative project, if one hundred aviculrurists each maintained a single pair of normal cockatiels on behalf of the committee, and each of these pairs averaged producing eight young in a year and these were sold at a hypothetical wholesale price of $15.00 each, there would be a total income of $12,000 for our conservation programs. Furthermore, if the participants elected ro sell these birds at a higher retail price, they could easily recover their cost of acquiring, keeping and maintaining the birds plus the enjoyment of having them rear young and the additional reward of knowing that they as individuals were in a small way participaring in the cause of avian conservancn. What a wealth of positive public relations potential also exists in this concept. Please consider lending your assistance ro this project. We need your involvement ro make it work. Notify the AF A office and pledge your support. Receipt for each donation will be provided for those who may wish to declare a tax deducrion.
Mutational analysis of the amino and carboxy termini of the HIV-2 Tat protein. (1993)

The transactivator proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2, Tat-1 and Tat-2, are highly homologous in the center of each molecule but are divergent in the amino and carboxy termini. The structure of Tat-1 has been extensively characterized by mutagenesis studies, whereas little is as yet known specifically about the structure of Tat-2. To characterize the Tat-2 protein, we performed a mutational analysis of the amino and carboxy termini of the fully functional first exon (99 residues) of the Tat-2 protein. We found that deletion of residues 8 through 33 in the amino terminus drastically reduced transactivation activity, whereas deletion of residues 8 through 47 largely abolished transactivation activity. We also analyzed chimeric proteins in which the amino termini of the Tat-1 and Tat-2 proteins were exchanged precisely at the first cysteine in the cysteine-rich regions. Both chimeric proteins possessed very low levels of transactivation activity, indicating that the amino termini of Tat-1 and Tat-2 are not interchangeable. Truncation mutants in the carboxy terminus were analyzed and amino acid 90 at the end of the basic domain was found to be at or near the limit of carboxy residues that can be deleted without abolishing Tat-2 function. A Tat-2 mutant truncated after residue 84 within the basic domain was found to be a transdominant mutant able to inhibit wild-type Tat-1 and wild-type Tat-2 activities. Additionally, the results of immunoprecipitations suggested that deletions in the Tat-2 amino terminus can reduce protein stability.