gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A role of nerve growth factor in oligodendrocyte growth and differentiation of EAE affected rats. (1998)

We have previously shown that the level of nerve growth factor (NGF) undergoes significant changes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Multiple Sclerosis and in the brain of rats affected by Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE). The functional significance of the endogenous disregulation of NGF is not known, though recent studies seem to suggest that NGF might be associated with the ability of oligodendrocytes (OLs) to produce and/or utilise NGF. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate whether NGF is involved in the development and differentiation of cells of the subventricular zone (SVz) which arbors undifferentiated cells that can give rise to OLs. The results show that NGF injected into the brain of developing rats and of rats affected by EAE is retrogradely transported from the SVz to the brain parenchyma. These findings suggest that during the early phase of brain development and during EAE, NGF, along with other growth factors, is implicated in growth and/or differentiation of OLs and in protecting neuronal injury. The possible functional role of NGF in these events has been discussed.
<title>Detection of explosive materials using nuclear radiation: a critical review</title> (1993)

A number of nuclear techniques have been utilized or considered for detecting concealed explosives. These techniques range from those utilizing multi-energetic x rays to those relying on high energy photons or neutrons. The physical principles behind these methods are reviewed. Each technique is critically examined, in view of its ability to distinguish explosive materials from other common materials of similar composition. The suitability of each method for use in airport security also is discussed.
An optimal GPS data processing technique (2003)

A formula is derived to optimally combine dual-frequency GPS (Global Positioning System) pseudorange and carrier phase data streams into a single equivalent data stream, reducing the data volume and computing time in the filtering process for parameter estimation by a factor of four. The resulting single data stream is that of carrier phase measurements with both data noise and bias uncertainty strictly defined. With this analytical formula the single stream of equivalent GPS measurements can be efficiently formed by simple numerical calculations without any degradation in data strength. The formulation for the optimally combined GPS data and their covariances are given in closed form. Carrier phase ambiguity resolution, when feasible, is improved due to the preservation of the full data strength with the optimal data combining process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: mother rotors or multiple daughter wavelets, or both? (1998)

The mechanism of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains poorly understood. In this article, we present a new unifying hypothesis for the electrophysiologic basis of AF. We surmise that sustained AF depends on the uninterrupted periodic activity of discrete reentrant sites. The shorter reentrant circuits act as dominant frequency sources that maintain the overall activity. The rapidly succeeding wavefronts emanating from these sources propagate through both atria and interact with anatomic and/or functional obstacles, leading to the phenomenon of "vortex shedding" and to wavelet formation. As suggested by recent numerical and experimental results from our laboratory, some of such wavelets may shrink and undergo decremental conduction, others may be annihilated by collision with another wavelet or a boundary, and still others may curl to create new vortices. The end result would be the fragmentation of the periodic wavefronts into multiple independent daughter wavelets, giving rise to new wavelets, and so on in the ceaseless, globally aperiodic motion that characterizes fibrillatory conduction.
Adaptation of pitch and spectrum for HMM-based speech synthesis using MLLR (2002)

Describes a technique for synthesizing speech with arbitrary speaker characteristics using speaker independent speech units, which we call "average voice" units. The technique is based on an HMM-based text-to-speech (TTS) system and maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) adaptation algorithm. In the HMM-based TTS system, speech synthesis units are modeled by multi-space probability distribution (MSD) HMMs which can model spectrum and pitch simultaneously in a unified framework. We derive an extension of the MLLR algorithm to apply it to MSD-HMMs. We demonstrate that a few sentences uttered by a target speaker are sufficient to adapt not only voice characteristics but also prosodic features. Synthetic speech generated from adapted models using only four sentences is very close to that from speaker dependent models trained using 450 sentences.
Applications of Flow Cytometry in Stem Cell Research and Tissue Regeneration (2010)

CONTRIBUTORS. PREFACE. 1 Basics of Flow Cytometry (H. Krishnamurthy and L. Scott Cram). 2 Practical Considerations for Flow Cytometric Sorting of Stem Cells (Geoffrey W. Osborne). 3 Stem Cell Analysis and Sorting Using Side Population Analysis (William Telford). 4 Flow Cytometry in the Study of Proliferation and Apoptosis (Michael G. Ormerod and Ronald M. Hamelik). 5 Flow Cytometric Analysis of Drug Transport and Efflux in Stem Cells (Awtar Krishan and Ronald M. Hamelik). 6 Stem Cell Biology and Application (Swapnil Totey, Rajarshi Pal, Murali Krishna Mamidi, Vijayendran Govindasamy, and Satish Totey). 7 Identification and Isolation of Very Small Embryonic-like Stem Cells from Murine and Human Specimens (Ewa K. Zuba-Surma, Dong-Myung Shin, Izabella Klich, Janina Ratajczak, Magda Kucia, and Mariusz Z. Ratajczak). 8 Electronic Volume of Hematopoietic Stem Cells (Siddharth Sharma and Awtar Krishan0. 9 Hematopoietic Stem Cells: Issues in Enumeration (Michael Keeney and D. Robert Sutherland). 10 Embryonic Stem Cells: Development and Characterization (Vijay Bhaskar R. Konala, Villoo Morawala-Patell, and Aparna Khanna). 11 Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Long-Term Culture and Cardiovascular Differentiation (Maneesha Inamdar). 12 Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Their Clinical Applications (Jyoti Kode and Vivek Tanavde). 13 Circulating Adult Stem Cells of Hematopoietic Origin for Vascular and Neural Regeneration (Lissy K. Krishnan). 14 Flow Cytometric Characterization of Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells (Raj R. Rao, Sujoy K. Dhara, Shilpa Iyer, and David W. Machacek). 15 Limbal Stem Cells and Corneal Regeneration (Geeta K. Vemuganti, Murali Mohan Sagar Balla, and Shubha Tiwari). 16 Flow Cytometric Sorting of Spermatogonial Stem Cells (B. S. Srinag, J. M. Kalappurakkal, G.H. Mohan, and H. Krishnamurthy). 17 Breast Cancer Stem Cells (Devaveena Dey and Annapoorni Rangarajan). 18 Tumor Stem Cell Marker Expression in Cells from Body Cavity Fluids (Awtar Krishan, Deepti Sharma, and Ronald M. Hamelik). INDEX.
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibitors: a new look at an old target for radiosensitization (2012)

Ribonucleotide reductase (RR), the rate limiting enzyme in the synthesis and repair of DNA, has been studied as a target for inhibition in the treatment of cancer for many years. While some researchers have focused on RR inhibitors as chemotherapeutic agents, particularly in hematologic malignancies, some of the most promising data has been generated in the field of radiosensitization. Early pre-clinical studies demonstrated that the addition of the first of these drugs, hydroxyurea, to ionizing radiation (IR) produced a synergistic effect in vitro, leading to a large number of clinical studies in the 1970-1980s. These studies, mainly in cervical cancer, initially produced a great deal of interest, leading to the incorporation of hydroxyurea in the treatment protocols of many institutions. However, over time, the conclusions from these studies have been called into question and hydroxyurea has been replaced in the standard of care of cervical cancer. Over the last 10 years, a number of well-done pre-clinical studies have greatly advanced our understanding of RR as a target. Those advances include the elucidation of the role of p53R2 and our understanding of the temporal relationship between the delivery of IR and the response of RR. At the same time, new inhibitors with increased potency and improved binding characteristics have been discovered, and pre-clinical and early clinical data look promising. Here we present a comprehensive review of the pre-clinical and clinical data in the field to date and provide some discussion of future areas of research.
Controlling Cell Migration with Micropatterns (2012)

Taro Toyota1,2,3, Yuichi Wakamoto2,3, Kumiko Hayashi4 and Kiyoshi Ohnuma5 1Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences The University of Tokyo 2Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, The University of Tokyo 3Precursory Research of Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO) Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) 4Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 5Top Runner Incubation Center for Academia-Industry Fusion Nagaoka University of Technology Japan
Developmental expression of <i>Smoc1</i> and <i>Smoc2</i> suggests potential roles in fetal gonad and reproductive tract differentiation (2009)

SMOC1 and SMOC2 are matricellular proteins thought to influence growth factor signaling, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. We examined the expression and regulation of Smoc1 and Smoc2 in fetal gonad/mesonephros complexes to discover possible roles for these genes in gonad and mesonephros development. Smoc1 was upregulated at approximately E10.75 in a center-to-poles wave in pre-Sertoli and pre-granulosa cells and its expression was greatly reduced in Wt1, Sf1, and Fog2 mutants. After E13.5, Smoc1 was downregulated in an anterior-to-posterior wave in granulosa cells but persisted in Sertoli cells, suggesting a sexually dimorphic requirement in supporting cell lineage differentiation. Smoc2 was expressed in Leydig cells, mesonephroi, and Wnt4 mutant ovaries, but not wildtype ovaries. Using organ culture, we determined that Smoc2 expression was dependent on Hedgehog signaling in testes, mesonephroi, and kidneys. Overall, these results demonstrate that SMOC1 and SMOC2 may mediate intercellular signaling and cell type-specific differentiation during gonad and reproductive tract development.
p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> Values in the Undergraduate Curriculum: What Is the Real p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> of Water? (2017)

Since at least the 1960s, organic chemistry textbooks have featured pKa tables for organic acids that include values for H2O and H3O+ (15.74 and −1.74, respectively) that are thermodynamically and chemically indefensible. Here we trace this error back to Brønsted’s early contributions in the 1920s to the Brønsted–Lowry Theory of acids and bases. Organic chemists generally defend the use of these values by citing measurements of the equilibrium constant for the water + methoxide acid–base reaction that suggested that methanol (pKa = 15.54) is a stronger acid than water; from this, organic chemists have concluded that pKa of water must be 15.74 rather than 14.00. Here we discuss the problems that invalidate this conclusion, the most important being that it is based on the use of the pure liquid standard state (mole fraction = 1) that is quite different from the standard state for acidities determined in dilute solution (molality = 1). Using the latter standard state, the equilibrium constant for the water/methoxide reaction ranges from 4 to 70, showing water to be a stronger acid than methanol, and justifying the use of the thermodynamically correct value, pKa(H2O) = 14.00.
Prion deposition in olfactory biopsy of sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (2004)

Currently, definite peripheral markers for the in vivo diagnosis of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) are not available. Here, we report the presence of pathological prion protein in the olfactory mucosa of a case with sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Prion protein immunoreactivity was detected in an olfactory biopsy performed 45 days after the disease onset, suggesting that the involvement of olfactory epithelium is an early event in sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
Prostate cancer (early). (2006)

In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: adding hormone therapy to external beam radiation therapy, or to brachytherapy; adding neoadjuvant hormone therapy to surgery alone, or to surgery plus adjuvant hormone therapy; brachytherapy alone; external beam radiation therapy alone; hormone therapy plus standard care; immediate hormone therapy; radical prostatectomy; and watchful waiting.
Cloud Computing Ontologies: A Systematic Review (2012)

The main objective of this study is to obtain a holistic view of Cloud Computing ontologies, their applications and focuses. The identification of primary studies in this systematic review is based on a pre-defined research protocol with a research question, inclusion and exclusion criteria and a search strategy. We summarize the selected studies into four main categories: Cloud resources and services description, Cloud security, Cloud interoperability and Cloud services discovery and selection. The analysis of the included studies indicates a number of challenges and topics for future research, including those specifically related to using ontologies to improve security and interoperability of Cloud Computing offerings. Keywords—Cloud Computing; ontology; systematic review; Cloud service
A Theory of Architecture (2006)

ion creates a dangerous dehumanization. This point was previously made by Eric Darton in his prescient book on the World Trade Center (Darton, 2000). Darton raised the frightening prospect that the creation of giant tower buildings is related to the mindset of those who would wish to destroy them (Darton, 2000). His reasoning is as follows. It is impossible to contemplate killing thousands of people in a single building unless those people are viewed simply as an abstract class. They must not be considered as having any separate existence apart from the building’s geometry, which is itself defined abstractly. The geometry of huge, monumental, monofunctional office towers makes it difficult to imagine that they are full of people, hence it becomes possible and even rational for someone who thinks only in abstractions to contemplate their destruction (Darton, 2000).
Photoionization hole burning and nonlinear Zeeman effect in CaF_2:Sm^2+ (1984)

Persistent spectral hole burning has been observed in CaF(2):Sm(2+) and originates from photoionization of the Sm(2+) ion. This represents a new class of persistent hole-burning materials. We have used hole burning to measure the nonlinear Zeeman effect of the (7)F(0)A(1g) ? A(1u) transition at 695.8 nm with a resolution of ~100 MHz. We find a nonlinear coefficient of 0.93 Hz/G(2), which is close to the value of 1.0 Hz/G(2) calculated for the (7)F(0)-(7)F(1) interaction. This shows that the dominant contribution to the nonlinear Zeeman effect comes from the ground state.
A Forward Angle Light Scattering Camera for Determining Size Distribution in Aerosols (1954)

The light scattered in the near forward direction from individual dioctyl phthalate (DOP) droplets flowing in a thin stream of known thickness and illuminated by a high intensity electronic flash tube is recorded photographically for the determination of number concentration and size-frequency distribution. The photos are taken slightly off-focus so that the pin-point images at focus are expanded into diffraction patterns. The optical density of each pattern is used as a measure of its droplet size. The correlation between optical density and droplet size was determined with a series of aerosol preparations of known size and of size distribution characterized by a standard deviation which is about 10 percent of the mean. This correlation permits the translation of the measured frequency curve for optical density into a size-frequency distribution. The method has been checked by determining the size-frequency distribution of synthetic mixtures of known size. The reliable range of measurement extends from 0.12 to 0.50 μ radius.
Protective effect of aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and crocin, its active constituent, on renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage in rats. (2005)

This study therefore suggests that the aqueous saffron extract (Crocus sativus L.) and its active constituent, crocin, may be useful agents for the prevention of renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced oxidative injury in rats.
New Pyridoquinoline Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors of the Fluoroquinolone Efflux Pump in Resistant <i>Enterobacter </i><i>a</i><i>erogenes </i>Strains (2001)

Enterobacter aerogenes, one of the most frequently isolated nosocomial pathogens in France, is exhibiting increasing multidrug resistance mechanisms associated with a change in membrane permeability. For drugs of the quinolone family, mutations in the target and active efflux play a prominent role in the resistance. We report here the effect of several pyridoquinoline derivatives that restore a noticeable fluoroquinolone accumulation to resistant strains that overexpress the MarA activator. Studies of the energy-dependent quinolone efflux indicate that the most efficient derivatives tested probably inhibit the resistance process by acting as substrate competitors on the pump extruding intracellular norfloxacin.
The Threat of an Avian Influenza Pandemic (2005)

There have been three influenza pandemics during the past century — in 1918, 1957, and 1968. Although the severity of the epidemics and the primary age groups affected varied, each was caused by a novel type A virus of avian origin. In 1957 and 1968, the new viruses had components of previous human viruses as well as avian viruses. The genome of the influenzavirus is made up of eight segments of RNA, and it was determined retrospectively that in both cases, there had been a reassortment of avian and human genes — most likely the result of the coinfection of . . .
Survey of Maryland's Eastern Shore (1952)

Other| March 01 1952 Survey of Maryland's Eastern Shore Charles E. Peterson Charles E. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1952) 11 (1): 27. https://doi.org/10.2307/987676 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles E. Peterson; Survey of Maryland's Eastern Shore. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 March 1952; 11 (1): 27. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/987676 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Development of a Compact Home Health Monitor for Telemedicine (2005)

A compact and easy-to-use home health monitor was developed. A palm-size health monitor contained a finger probe as sensor unit. In the finger probe, light from a light emitting diode (LED) array was illuminated on a finger nail bed, and transmitted light was measured to obtain photoplethysmography (PPG) signals. Hematocrit, pulse, respiration rate, and saturated oxygen in arterial blood (SpO(2)) were measured simultaneously from PPGs using five different wavelengths: 569, 660, 805, 904, and 975 nm. To predict hematocrit, a dedicated algorithm was used based on scattering theory of red blood cells using these wavelengths. Preliminary clinical tests showed that the achieved percent errors were +/- 8.2% for hematocrit when tested with 549 persons (N = 549). Digital filtering techniques were used to extract respiratory information from a single PPG signal. SpO(2) was predicted on the basis of the ratio of the wavelengths 660 nm and 940 nm. The accuracies were within clinically acceptable errors. In addition, the compact home health monitor included a blood pressure monitoring unit. For convenient and simultaneous measurement with the other previously mentioned signals, blood pressure was measured on a finger. An air cuff was installed on the same finger where PPGs were measured. Achieved mean differences were +/- 3.8 mmHg for systole and +/- 5.1 mmHg for diastole. One can use the palm-size monitor simply by inserting a finger into the home health monitor that is suitable for telemedicine.
Constrained adaptive beamforming: point and contrast resolution (2003)

Adaptive beamforming has been widely used as a way to correct phase and amplitude aberration errors in medical ultrasound. A less-studied concern in ultrasound beamforming is the deleterious contribution of off-axis bright targets. We describe a new approach, the constrained adaptive beamformer (CAB), which builds on classic array processing methods. Given a desired frequency response in the focal direction, the CAB dynamically imposes an optimal set of time-dependent weights on the receive aperture, reducing signals from directions other than the focal direction. Two implementations of the CAB are presented which differ in their use of calculated weights to form an output image: the Single Iteration CAB and Multiple Iteration CAB. We present results from experiments performed on a Philips SONOS 5500 imaging system operating with an 8.7 MHz linear array and contrast the performance of the two CAB implementations. Data was acquired from wire targets in a water tank and low echogenicity cysts in a grayscale tissue mimicking phantom. The desired system frequency response was specified by a FIR filter with the same center frequency as the transducer. Improvements in lateral resolution for wire targets and contrast for low echogenicity cysts are shown. Simulations are used to demonstrate limitations of the CAB.
Approaches to the Automatic Discovery of Patterns in Biosequences (1998)

This paper surveys approaches to the discovery of patterns in biosequences and places these approaches within a formal framework that systematises the types of patterns and the discovery algorithms. Patterns with expressive power in the class of regular languages are considered, and a classification of pattern languages in this class is developed, covering the patterns that are the most frequently used in molecular bioinformatics. A formulation is given of the problem of the automatic discovery of such patterns from a set of sequences, and an analysis is presented of the ways in which an assessment can be made of the significance of the discovered patterns. It is shown that the problem is related to problems studied in the field of machine learning. The major part of this paper comprises a review of a number of existing methods developed to solve the problem and how these relate to each other, focusing on the algorithms underlying the approaches. A comparison is given of the algorithms, and examples are given of patterns that have been discovered using the different methods.