gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Characterization of Tissue-Specific Extracellular Matrix-Derived Microcarriers (2011)

The three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) environment plays a critical role in mediating normal cellular behavior and tissue organization. While commercially available microcarriers have shown promise, limited research has been conducted on the design of tissue-specific, custom-fabricated microcarriers, engineered to mimic the composition of the native ECM of cells or tissues of interest. Moving toward this goal, methods were developed to fabricate microcarriers from decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) via minimally-cytotoxic protocols. Characterization by microscopy confirmed the production of stable spherical microcarriers, with a microporous surface topography and porous interior. The mean diameter of the DAT microcarriers was 934±51 μm, while the porosity was estimated as 29%±4% using liquid displacement. Stability and swelling behavior over 4 weeks indicated that the DAT microcarriers were effectively stabilized with the photochemical crosslinking agent rose bengal, with total protein release in a simulated physiological environment remaining below 10 μg/mL at all time points. Preliminary cell culture studies with human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) in a spinner flask system indicated enhanced cell attachment and proliferation of ASCs on DAT microcarriers over 14 days, as compared with gelatin control microcarriers fabricated using similar methods. Testing confirmed injectability of the DAT microcarriers, further supporting the clinical potential of the approach for localized cell delivery and small volume augmentation in plastic and reconstructive surgery. Overall, tissue-specific microcarriers prepared from solubilized DAT were found to be highly supportive of human ASCs cultured in a 3D dynamic environment.
Resilience Assessment of Critical Infrastructures: From Accidental to Malicious Threats (2011)

Position statement to the panel on Resilience Assessment of critical infrastructures
Intel SGX Enabled Key Manager Service with OpenStack Barbican (2017)

Protecting data in the cloud continues to gain in importance, with encryption being used to achieve the desired data protection. While there is desire to use encryption, various cloud components do not want to deal with key management, which points to a strong need for a separate key management system. OpenStack Barbican is a platform developed by the OpenStack community aimed at providing cryptographic functions useful for all environments, including large ephemeral clouds. Barbican exposes REST APIs designed for the secure storage, provisioning and management of secrets such as passwords, encryption keys, and X.509 certificates, and supports plugins for a variety of crypto solutions in the backend. Crypto plugins store secrets as encrypted blobs within the Barbican database. Software based crypto plugins offer a scalable solution, but are vulnerable to system software attacks. Hardware Security Module or HSM plugins offer strong security guarantees, but they are expensive and don't scale well. We propose to build an Intel Software Guard Extension or SGX based software crypto plugin that offers security similar to an HSM with the low cost and scalability of a software based solution. We extend OpenStack Barbican API to support attestation of an Intel SGX crypto plugin, to allow clients higher confidence in the software they are using for storing keys. In addition, the API provides support for mutual attestation for Intel SGX enabled clients, multi-user key distribution, and extensions for protecting the confidentiality and integrity of the backend database.
A Review of Microwave Plasma Sources in Atomic Emission Spectrometry: Literature from 1985 to the Present (1997)

Abstract Microwave plasmas have been used as sources for atomic spectroscopy since the 1970s. Several common forms of this plasma source exist, including the microwaveinduced plasma, the capacitively coupled microwave plasma, the surface-wave or surfatron plasma, the microwave plasma torch, and some other unique designs. Although not as popular as the inductively coupled plasma, microwave plasmas offer the advantage of lower initial and operational costs. This review covers the literature on the various forms of the microwave plasma since 1985, including basic principles of microwave plasmas and design descriptions of a variety of systems.
Herpes Simplex Virus ICP0 Mutants Are Hypersensitive to Interferon (2000)

Interferon (IFN) is an important immune system molecule capable of inducing an antiviral state within cells. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication is somewhat reduced in tissue culture in the presence of IFN, presumably due to decreased viral transcription. Here, we show mutations that inactivate immediate-early (IE) gene product ICP0 render HSV-1 exquisitely sensitive to IFN inhibition, resulting in greatly decreased levels of viral mRNA transcripts and the resulting polypeptides and a severe reduction in plaque formation ability. Mutations in other HSV-1 genes, including the genes coding for virion transactivator VP16 and the virion host shutoff protein vhs, IE gene ICP22, and the protein kinase UL13 gene, do not increase the IFN sensitivity of HSV-1. Interestingly, ICP0 mutants demonstrate the same level of sensitivity to IFN as wild-type virus on U2OS cells, an osteosarcoma cell line that is known to complement mutations in ICP0 and VP16. Thus, in some cell types, functional ICP0 is required for HSV-1 to efficiently bypass the inhibitory effects of IFN in order to ensure its replication. The significance of this link between ICP0 and IFN resistance is discussed.
Experience Using GPS For Orbit Determination of a Geosynchronous Satellite (2000)

There has long been speculation in the GPS user community about the viability of GPS-based satellite navigation from orbits above the GPS constellation. This paper addresses the speculation by describing the experience of a restricted United States satellite program that has routinely been using GPS pseudorange data for orbit determination at geosynchronous altitude for several years. Included is: a discussion of the design issues unique to the geosynchronous application, a description of the implementation, a discussion of the operational results and some observations about accuracy. In addition, actual received signal strength data are presented to illustrate the L1 transmit antenna pattern difference between the Block II-A and Block II-R GPS vehicles.
Collection of Ultra High Spatial and Spectral Resolution Image Data over California Vineyards with a Small UAV (2003)

A small UAV was used to collect digital RGB (red-green-blue) and hyperspectral imagery above San Bernabe Vineyards (King City, Calif.) in August 2003. Data from the downsized payload were transmitted across a wireless local area network to a ground receiving station in near-real-time. High spatial resolution (~20 cm) RGB imagery was registered to the grower's GIS database, and used to map vigor differences within fields. High spectral resolution data were collected in 580 channels, and used for more detailed examination of canopy reflectance differences as related to crop vigor. An in-situ wireless sensor web was used to collect a time-series of air temperature data at several locations, simultaneous with the flight.
Active Noise Control Over Space: A Wave Domain Approach (2018)

Noise control and cancellation over a spatial region is a fundamental problem in acoustic signal processing. In this paper, we utilize wave-domain adaptive algorithms to iteratively calculate the secondary source driving signals and to cancel the primary noise field over the control region. We propose wave-domain active noise control algorithms based on two minimization problems: first, minimizing the wave-domain residual signal coefficients, and second, minimizing the acoustic potential energy over the region, and derive the update equations with respect to two variables, the loudspeaker weights and wave-domain secondary source coefficients. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, more specifically the convergence speed and the noise cancellation performance in terms of the noise reduction level and acoustic potential energy reduction level over the entire spatial region.
Modeling and Analysis of MDP-based Security Risk Assessment System for Smart Grids (2020)

The recent advances in communications and networking technologies have made the electricity service provisioning more convenient, affordable and manageable through the realization of Smart Grids. However, these cyber-physical systems have become vulnerable to security attacks leading to service disruptions. To address this challenge, it is crucial to design, model and implement a robust security risk management solution to protect the Smart Grids in the event of a security attack. In this paper we propose, implement and evaluate a Probabilistic Model Checking (PMC) system to model the security attack process. In particular, we model the attacker behavior through a Markov Decision Process (MDP) which non-deterministically and probabilistically captures the attack process in a Smart Grid system consisting of eight important components. Two major scenarios are presented, considering the non-persistence and persistence attacker behaviors. The parameters used in the PRISM tool to evaluate the robustness of the proposed model were the Probability of successful attack, Attack costs, and Number of attack attempts. The proposed implementation provides useful insights into the best possible defense or preventive mechanisms that can be adopted by the security manager in the event of a specific security attack.
Ultraviolet induced transformation of polysiloxane films (1991)

We have studied the transformation of a polysiloxane film induced by high temperature annealing and by 248 and 193 nm excimer laser irradiation. Auger electron and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy have been used to study the Si, O, and C profiles and the Si-O valence band structure before and after transformation. We suggest that laser induced transformation results from localized heating and oxidation of the Si-O chains coupled with a breakdown and oxidation of previously attached benzene groups into volatile gaseous products which diffuse out of the film.
Ambulatory Arterial Stiffness Index or Pulse Pressure: Which Correlates Better with Arterial Stiffness in Resistant Hypertension? (2008)

The ambulatory arterial stiffness index (AASI) is a recently proposed index derived from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) for the evaluation of arterial stiffness. In this cross-sectional study we investigated whether AASI reflects arterial stiffness in patients with resistant hypertension by comparing AASI and ambulatory pulse pressure (PP) with aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV), a measure of arterial stiffness, in 391 resistant hypertensives. Clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic variables, 24-h ABPM and aortic PWV (measured using the Complior device) were obtained. AASI was calculated as 1--the regression slope of 24-h diastolic on systolic blood pressure (BP). Statistical analysis involved single and multiple linear regressions to assess the correlations between the two ABPM variables and PWV, both unadjusted and adjusted for potential confounders (age, gender, body height, presence of diabetes, 24-h mean arterial pressure [MAP], heart rate, and nocturnal BP reduction). Ambulatory PP and aortic PWV were independently associated with age, gender, presence of diabetes, and 24-h MAP, whereas AASI was associated with age, diabetes, and nocturnal diastolic BP reduction. PP showed stronger unadjusted (r=0.39, p<0.001) and adjusted (r=0.22, p<0.001) correlations with aortic PWV than AASI (r=0.12, p=0.032 and r= -0.04, p=0.47, respectively). In the analysis of subgroups stratified by gender, age, presence of atherosclerotic diseases and diabetes, dipping pattern, and ambulatory BP control, the superiority of PP over AASI was apparent in all subgroups. In conclusion, 24-h ambulatory PP was better correlated to arterial stiffness, as evaluated by aortic PWV, than the novel AASI, in patients with resistant hypertension.
Site-specific mutagenesis of aspartate transcarbamoylase. Replacement of tyrosine 165 in the catalytic chain by serine reduces enzymatic activity. (1984)

Site-specific mutagenesis was used to modify an amino acid residue of the catalytic trimer of aspartate transcarbamoylase thought to be at the active site. Tyrosine 165 of the catalytic chain was replaced by a serine residue. This mutation substantially reduces but does not entirely abolish the catalytic activity of the holoenzyme and the isolated catalytic trimer. Km for aspartate for the mutant catalytic trimer is 12-fold higher than for the wild type. Vmax is reduced by a factor of 4 and Kd for carbamoylphosphate is increased 3-fold in the mutant. Although these results suggest that tyrosine 165 is at the active site, they demonstrate that the residue is not essential for catalysis.
Error analysis of FRAM gamma-ray isotopic analysis data. (2024)

The Safeguards Science and Technology Group at the Los Alamos National Laboratory has accumualted a large quantity of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector gamma-ray spectra in support of the development of the FRAM (Fixed Energy, Response Function Analysis with Multiple Efficiencies) gamma-ray isotopic analysis software. These data, acquired over a period of 15 years, represent a variety of planar and coaxial HPGe detectors, analog and digital data acquisition electronics, and represent both laboratory and facility measurements. All data are multiple measurements from samples with well-documented isotopic composition from mass spectrometry measurements. They will report the results of rigorous statistical analyses of FRAM analysis results. The presentation will discuss the errors in FRAM analyses arising from the choice of detector type and analysis energy region and document the errors arising from sample-dependent and analysis-dependent effects.
A Frequency Matrix for Probabilistic Identification of Some Bacilli (1988)

A matrix comprising frequencies for positive results for 44 Bacillus taxa for 30 characters has been constructed. The 44 taxa include most of the common species and several clusters of environmental isolates including those described as B. firmus-B. lentus intermediates. The tests, which were chosen for their high diagnostic value, included some of the traditional tests used for identification of bacilli supplemented with a range of sugar fermentations and other characterization tests. The matrix was evaluated by identifying hypothetical median organisms, cluster representatives and a panel of 23 reference strains. All reference strains achieved Willcox probabilities above 0.995. Fifty-eight environmental isolates were also subjected to the 30 tests and identification was attempted. Forty-one strains (70%) achieved a Willcox probability greater than 0.95, which was considered an acceptable identification, and were assigned to 12 taxa. If the SE of taxonomic distance was also considered in the identification score (an acceptable value being less than 7.0), the number of acceptable identifications was reduced to 34 (59%). It was encouraging that bacteria from garden soils identified to the common species such as B. subtilis, B. cereus and B. licheniformis whereas some of the bacteria from an estuarine habitat were identified as species such as B. firmus which are normally identified with that habitat.
Effects of Early Pattern Deprivation on Visual Development (2009)

Studies of children treated for dense cataract shed light on the extent to which pattern stimulation drives normal visual development and whether there are sensitive periods during which an abnormal visual environment is especially detrimental. Here, we summarize the findings to date into five general principles: (1) At least for low-level vision, aspects of vision that develop the earliest are the least likely to be adversely affected by abnormal visual input whereas those that develop later are affected more severely. (2) Early visual input is necessary to preserve the neural infrastructure for later visual learning, even for visual capabilities that will not appear until later in development. (3) The development of both the dorsal and ventral streams depends on normal visual input. (4) After monocular deprivation has been treated by surgical removal of the cataractous lens, the interactions between the aphakic and phakic eyes are competitive for low-level vision but are complementary for high-level vision. (5) There are multiple sensitive periods during which experience can influence visual development. The studies described here have important implications for understanding normal development. They indicate that patterned visual input immediately after birth plays a vital role in the construction and preservation of the neural architecture that will later mediate sensitivity to both basic and higher level aspects of vision. The period during which patterned visual input is necessary for normal visual development varies widely across different aspects of vision and can range from only a few months after birth to more than the first 10 years of life. The results point to new research questions on why early visual deprivation can cause later deficits, what limits adult plasticity, and whether effective rehabilitation in other areas can provide new clues for the treatment of amblyopia.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of <i>N</i>-Oxide Derivatives (2000)

As part of an ongoing program on the chemistry and biological activity of N-oxide-containing molecules, a number of novel 1,2, 5-oxadiazole N-oxide, benzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, and quinoxaline N,N'-dioxide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their herbicidal activity. Many of these compounds exhibited moderate to good herbicidal pre-emergence activity against Triticum aestivum. Dose-response studies were done on the more representative compounds (12, 20, and 26). The most active compound, butylcarbamoylbenzo[1,2-c]1,2,5-oxadiazole N-oxide, 26, displayed herbicidal activity at concentrations as low as 24 g/ha.
Surfactant-Modified Zeolite as a Slow Release Fertilizer for Phosphorus (2006)

The feasibility of using surfactant-modified zeolite (SMZ) as a carrier for fertilizer and for slow release of phosphorus (P) was investigated. Zeolite-A was modified by using hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, a cationic surfactant, to modify its surface to increase its capacity to retain anion, namely, phosphate (PO4(3-)). SMZ was thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, and scanning electron microscopy to study the effect of surfactant modification. Zeolite-A and SMZ were then subjected to P loading by treating them with fertilizer (KH2PO4). It was observed that the P loading on SMZ increased by a factor of 4.9 as compared to the unmodified zeolite-A. A comparative study of the release of P from fertilizer-loaded unmodified zeolite-A and SMZ and from solid KH2PO4 was performed using the constant flow percolation reactor. The results show that the P supply from fertilizer-loaded SMZ was available even after 1080 h of continuous percolation, whereas P from KH2PO4 was exhausted within 264 h. The results indicate that SMZ is a good sorbent for PO4(3-), and a slow release of P was achievable. These properties suggest that SMZ has a great potential as the fertilizer carrier for slow release of P.
On the bursty evolution of blogspace (2003)

We propose two new tools to address the evolution of hyperlinked corpora. First, we define time graphs to extend the traditional notion of an evolving directed graph, capturing link creation as a point phenomenon in time. Second, we develop definitions and algorithms for time-dense community tracking, to crystallize the notion of community evolution. We develop these tools in the context of Blogspace , the space of weblogs (or blogs). Our study involves approximately 750K links among 25K blogs. We create a time graph on these blogs by an automatic analysis of their internal time stamps. We then study the evolution of connected component structure and microscopic community structure in this time graph. We show that Blogspace underwent a transition behavior around the end of 2001, and has been rapidly expanding over the past year, not just in metrics of scale, but also in metrics of community structure and connectedness. This expansion shows no sign of abating, although measures of connectedness must plateau within two years. By randomizing link destinations in Blogspace, but retaining sources and timestamps, we introduce a concept of randomized Blogspace . Herein, we observe similar evolution of a giant component, but no corresponding increase in community structure. Having demonstrated the formation of micro-communities over time, we then turn to the ongoing activity within active communities. We extend recent work of Kleinberg [11] to discover dense periods of "bursty" intra-community link creation.
Recovering 3D architectural information from dense digital models of buildings (2006)

In recent years the progress of 3D scanning technologies and the consequent growing commercialization of scanners opened a large spectrum of opportunities for many professionals. In particular, architects and engineers may access to a digital model of a building without having to model it using a CAD software. On the other hand, there are two important differences between the digitized and the handcrafted model. The first is the absence of interpretation. The digitized model is merely a set of polygons that describe, possibly in a very accurate manner, the scanned object. It does not provide the user with any other information about what a surface is (a wall, a window, an arch etc.) that, conversely, can be incorporated during the editing in a CAD session. The second difference is excess of realism. In the digitized models the are no planar walls, no right angles, no straight edges, simply because they are not, at the millimetric scale. Unfortunately, if a model must be used in a FEM simulation, for example, a CAD like model would be required. This paper describes an application framework and some techniques that have been implemented to help a non computer-graphics user in handling digital models of buildings acquired using 3D scanning. The techniques permit to visualize efficiently the models independently from their size, recover 3D information (measurements, sections, . . . ), extract geometric features and fit high level geometric primitives.
Road traffic sign detection and classification from mobile LiDAR point clouds (2016)

Traffic signs are important roadway assets that provide valuable information of the road for drivers to make safer and easier driving behaviors. Due to the development of mobile mapping systems that can efficiently acquire dense point clouds along the road, automated detection and recognition of road assets has been an important research issue. This paper deals with the detection and classification of traffic signs in outdoor environments using mobile light detection and ranging (Li- DAR) and inertial navigation technologies. The proposed method contains two main steps. It starts with an initial detection of traffic signs based on the intensity attributes of point clouds, as the traffic signs are always painted with highly reflective materials. Then, the classification of traffic signs is achieved based on the geometric shape and the pairwise 3D shape context. Some results and performance analyses are provided to show the effectiveness and limits of the proposed method. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting and classifying traffic signs from mobile LiDAR point clouds.