gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative and non‐oxidative mechanisms of neuronal cell death and apoptosis by <scp>L</scp>‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (<scp>L</scp>‐DOPA) and dopamine (2002)

1. The present study was designed to evaluate the nature of intervening agents in L-DOPA- and dopamine-induced neurotoxicity in Neuro-2A cells. 2. In the absence of cells and in conditions of light protection, at 37 degrees C, L-DOPA or dopamine (1 mM) in culture medium degraded spontaneously in a time-dependent manner, this being prevented by ascorbic acid (200 microM) and other antioxidants, namely glutathione (1 mM), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (1 mM), sodium metabisulphite (200 microM), but not N-ter-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (1 mM) and deferoxamine (100 microM). 3. The viability of Neuro-2A cells declined following treatment with L-DOPA or dopamine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The decrease in cell viability by L-DOPA (10+/-4% of control) or dopamine (15+/-4% of control) was markedly attenuated by antioxidants (ascorbic acid, glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine and sodium metabisulphite). Autoxidation of L-DOPA or dopamine was accompanied by the formation of H(2)O(2) in a time-dependent manner, this being completely prevented by ascorbic acid at 24 h or markedly reduced at 48 h. 4. Protective effects of 100 U ml(-1) catalase (40+/-1% of control) against L-DOPA-induced cell death were lower than those conferred by 200 microM ascorbic acid (70+/-3% of control). Catalase-induced protection (59+/-5% of control) against dopamine-induced cell death was similar to that conferred by 200 microM ascorbic acid (57+/-4% of control). L-DOPA-induced neuronal cell death was also accompanied by increases in caspase-3 activity, this being insensitive to ascorbic acid. Dopamine-induced increase in caspase-3 activity occurred only when autoxidation of the amine was prevented by ascorbic acid. 5. It is suggested that in addition to generation of H(2)O(2) and quinone formation, L-DOPA- and dopamine-induced cell death may result from induction of apoptosis, as evidenced by increases in caspase-3 activity. Dopamine per se induces apoptosis by a mechanism independent of oxidative stress, as evidenced by the fact that increases in caspase-3 activity occurred only when autoxidation of the amine was prevented.
Anti-CD3 × Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Bispecific Antibody Redirects T-Cell Cytolytic Activity to EGFR-Positive Cancers <i>In vitro</i> and in an Animal Model (2006)

Abstract Purpose: Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpressed by many epithelial-derived cancer cells with anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) inhibits their growth. A limited number of clinical responses in patients treated with the anti-EGFR mAb, (cetuximab), may reflect variability in EGFR type or signaling in neoplastic cells. This study combines EGFR-targeting with the non-MHC–restricted cytotoxicity of anti-CD3 activated T cells (ATC) to enhance receptor-directed cytotoxicity. Experimental Design: ATC from normal and patient donors were expanded ex vivo. Specific cytolytic activity of ATC armed with anti-CD3 × anti-EGFR (EGFRBi) against EGFR-expressing cancer cells derived from lung, pancreas, colon, prostate, brain, skin, or EGFR-negative breast cancer cells was evaluated in 51Cr release assays. In vivo studies comparing tumor growth delay induced by EGFRBi-armed ATCs or cetuximab were done in severe combined immunodeficient/Beige mice (SCID-Beige) bearing COLO 356/FG pancreatic and LS174T colorectal tumors. Results: At effector/target ratios from 3.125 to 50, both EGFRBi-armed normal and patient ATC were significantly more cytotoxic, by 23% to 79%, against EGFR-positive cells over ATC, cetuximab, anti-CD3 alone, or ATC armed with irrelevant BiAb directed at CD20. EGFRBi-armed ATC also secreted significantly higher levels of some TH1/TH2 cytokines compared with ATC alone. In mice, i.v. infusions of EGFRBi-armed ATC (0.001 mg equivalent/infusion) were equally effective as cetuximab (1 mg/infusion) alone for significantly delaying growth of established COLO 356/FG but not LS174T tumors compared with mice that received ATC alone or vehicle (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Combining EGFR antibody targeting with T cell–mediated cytotoxicity may overcome some limitations associated with EGFR-targeting when using cetuximab alone.
Application of Generalized Product Code for Stationary-Head Type Professional Digital Audio Recorder (1986)

Caracteristiques des erreurs qui apparaissent dans le canal d'enregistrement magnetique de densite elevee multipistes du type a tete stationnaire
Mitochondrial Ferritin in the Substantia Nigra in Restless Legs Syndrome (2009)

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder that is thought to involve decreased iron availability in the brain. Iron is required for oxidative metabolism and plays a critical role in redox reactions in mitochondria. The recent discovery of mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) provided the opportunity to identify a potential correlation between iron and mitochondrial function in RLS. Human substantia nigra (SN) and putamen autopsy samples from 8 RLS cases and 8 controls were analyzed. Mitochondrial ferritin levels in RLS SN tissue homogenate samples assessed by immunoblots had more FtMt than control samples (p < 0.01), whereas there were no significant differences in FtMt in the putamen samples. By immunohistochemistry, neuromelanin-containing neurons in the SN were the predominant cell type expressing FtMt. Staining in neurons in RLS samples was consistently greater than that in controls. Cytochrome c oxidase staining, which reflects numbers of mitochondria, showed a similar staining pattern to that of FtMt, whereas there was less immunostaining in the RLS cases for cytosolic H-ferritin. These results suggest that increased numbers of mitochondria in neurons in RLS and increased FtMt might contribute to insufficient cytosolic iron levels in RLS SN neurons; they are consistent with the hypothesis that energy insufficiency in these neurons may be involved in the pathogenesis of RLS.
TCP Congestion Window Validation (2000)

TCP's congestion window controls the number of packets a TCP flow may have in the network at any time. However, long periods when the sender is idle or application-limited can lead to the invalidation of the congestion window, in that the congestion window no longer reflects current information about the state of the network. This document describes a simple modification to TCP's congestion control algorithms to decay the congestion window cwnd after the transition from a sufficiently-long application-limited period, while using the slow-start threshold ssthresh to save information about the previous value of the congestion window.
Susceptibility of the interchain peptide of a bromelain inhibitor precursor to the target proteases bromelain, chymotrypsin, and trypsin (2005)

Bromein, a cysteine proteinase inhibitor from pineapple stem, is a unique double-chain inhibitor. The 27.5-kDa precursor protein is processed by the removal of three interchain, two interdomain, and two terminal-flanking peptides, thus resulting in the release of mature isoinhibitors of approximately 6 kDa. To characterize the processing of the interchain peptide Thr15-Ser-Ser-Ser-Asp, we expressed a single-chain precursor with this peptide and monitored proteolytic cleavage by the target proteinase bromelain. By peptide sequencing and mass spectrometric analysis, the initial cleavage was found to occur in vitro between the light-chain and interchain peptides; subsequent trimming formed the terminal-ragged peptides Thr15-Lys60, Ser17-Lys60, Ser18-Lys60, and Asp19-Lys60. However, bromelain did not show any cleavage activity between the interchain and heavy-chain peptides. We also discovered that cleavage between the light-chain and interchain peptides is essential for the single-chain inhibitor to exhibit full inhibitory activity. Notably, the incompletely processed intermediates showed higher inhibitory activity than either the native bromein or the single-chain precursor. Bromein is also known to weakly inhibit the serine proteinases chymotrypsin and trypsin; however, a recombinant single-chain inhibitor with the interchain peptide was no longer able to inhibit these serine proteinases.
Optical mode confinement and selection in single-crystal sapphire fibers by formation of nanometer scale cavities with hydrogen ion implantation (2013)

The excellent material properties of single crystal sapphire fibers promise great advantages in applications related to harsh environment optical sensing, high laser power delivery, and high-resolution/sensitivity optical spectroscopy. However, the lack of viable cladding for confining light propagation in sapphire fibers with negligible transmission loss has restricted their practical applications. Despite great efforts in engineering either a low-refractive-index cladding layer or highly reflective mirror layer as sapphire fiber surface coatings, confining light propagation within sapphire fibers remains difficult in practice since such surface coatings fail to function due to increased thermal stress and fast erosion in environments with extremely high temperatures (&gt;1000 °C) and chemically reactive species/gases. Here, we demonstrate a method for creating nanoscale cavities/voids in sapphire as effective fiber cladding structures that are thermally robust even at 1700 °C using hydrogen ion implantation. Material analysis of implanted sapphire crystals indicates that such nanoscale cavities play a key role in reducing the refractive index in sapphire crystals.
Hybrid Two-Component Sensors for Identification of Bacterial Chemoreceptor Function (2019)

Soil bacteria adapt to diverse and rapidly changing environmental conditions by sensing and responding to environmental cues using a variety of sensory systems. Two-component systems are a widespread type of signal transduction system present in all three domains of life and typically are comprised of a sensor kinase and a response regulator. Many two-component systems function by regulating gene expression in response to environmental stimuli. The bacterial chemotaxis system is a modified two-component system with additional protein components and a response that, rather than regulating gene expression, involves behavioral adaptation and results in net movement toward or away from a chemical stimulus. Soil bacteria generally have 20 to 40 or more chemoreceptors encoded in their genomes. To simplify the identification of chemoeffectors (ligands) sensed by bacterial chemoreceptors, we constructed hybrid sensor proteins by fusing the sensor domains of <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> chemoreceptors to the signaling domains of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> NarX/NarQ nitrate sensors. Responses to potential attractants were monitored by β-galactosidase assays using an <i>E. coli</i> reporter strain in which the nitrate-responsive <i>narG</i> promoter was fused to <i>lacZ</i> Hybrid receptors constructed from PcaY, McfR, and NahY, which are chemoreceptors for aromatic acids, tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, and naphthalene, respectively, were sensitive and specific for detecting known attractants, and the β-galactosidase activities measured in <i>E. coli</i> correlated well with results of chemotaxis assays in the native <i>P. putida</i> strain. In addition, a screen of the hybrid receptors successfully identified new ligands for chemoreceptor proteins and resulted in the identification of six receptors that detect propionate.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Relatively few of the thousands of chemoreceptors encoded in bacterial genomes have been functionally characterized. More importantly, although methyl-accepting chemotaxis proteins, the major type of chemoreceptors present in bacteria, are easily identified bioinformatically, it is not currently possible to predict what chemicals will bind to a particular chemoreceptor. Chemotaxis is known to play roles in biodegradation as well as in host-pathogen and host-symbiont interactions, but many studies are currently limited by the inability to identify relevant chemoreceptor ligands. The use of hybrid receptors and this simple <i>E. coli</i> reporter system allowed rapid and sensitive screening for potential chemoeffectors. The fusion site chosen for this study resulted in a high percentage of functional hybrids, indicating that it could be used to broadly test chemoreceptor responses from phylogenetically diverse samples. Considering the wide range of chemical attractants detected by soil bacteria, hybrid receptors may also be useful as sensitive biosensors.
Accountable key infrastructure (AKI) (2013)

Recent trends in public-key infrastructure research explore the tradeoff between decreased trust in Certificate Authorities (CAs), resilience against attacks, communication overhead (bandwidth and latency) for setting up an SSL/TLS connection, and availability with respect to verifiability of public key information. In this paper, we propose AKI as a new public-key validation infrastructure, to reduce the level of trust in CAs. AKI integrates an architecture for key revocation of all entities (e.g., CAs, domains) with an architecture for accountability of all infrastructure parties through checks-and-balances. AKI efficiently handles common certification operations, and gracefully handles catastrophic events such as domain key loss or compromise. We propose AKI to make progress towards a public-key validation infrastructure with key revocation that reduces trust in any single entity.
Differential regulation of tumor necrosing factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion by protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors in human alveolar macrophages. (1999)

IL-10, a cytokine first identified as a product of cloned Th2 lymphocytes, is also produced by monocytes/macrophages. By its ability to inhibit cytokine synthesis and the expression of surface antigens, IL-10 is able to temper inflammation. In contrast, TNF-alpha plays a key role in acute and chronic inflammation and has been implicated in several forms of lung injury. The objective of this study was to investigate whether activators or inhibitors of LPS-activated signalling pathways might be able to dissociate TNF-alpha from IL-10 secretion in alveolar macrophages (AM). The results show that PMA activates expression of TNF-alpha without inducing IL-10 expression. We further demonstrate that LPS-induced TNF-alpha secretion is independent of PKC activation and can be increased by inhibitors of the serine/threonine phosphatases PP1 and PP2A. In contrast, LPS-mediated IL-10 secretion is down-regulated by PMA and inhibitors of PP1 and PP2A. Addition of PKC inhibitors reverses the PMA-mediated down-regulation of LPS-induced IL-10 secretion, indicating that PKC, once activated in vivo, might play a prominent role in controlling the secretion of IL-10 by AM. This study provides evidence that the PKC activator PMA and the phosphatase inhibitor calyculin A are able to dissociate TNF-alpha from IL-10 secretion by AM. Our data further indicate that LPS-mediated activation of certain signalling molecules has different consequences on the secretion of TNF-alpha or IL-10 by AM, an observation which may be important for the modulation of immune and inflammatory processes.
An automated fault diagnosis system using hierarchical reasoning and alarm correlation (2003)

A slight fault may even cause critical disruptions or remediless damages to the network while a network manager is lost in a large number of alarms. Therefore, the development of a practical and effective system for network fault diagnosis becomes an urgent job. We develop a hierarchical domain-oriented reasoning mechanism suitable for the delegated management architecture. It is based on the causality graph of the sensibly-reduced network fault propagation model from the result of our empirical study. An automated fault diagnosis system called ACView (Alarm Correlation View) for isolating network faults in a multidomain environment is proposed according to the hierarchical reasoning mechanism. This diagnosis system provides not only the process of automated alarm collection and correlation, but also the function of efficient fault localization and identification.
Combining Edge Detection and Colour Segmentation in the Four-Legged League (2004)

Humans process images with apparent ease, quickly filtering out useless information and identifying objects based on their shape and colour. In the Four-Legged League of RoboCup, the focus of most vision systems has been on using colour to recognise objects. This single-mindedness has many disadvantages, but edge detection and shape recognition are not panaceas as their computational requirements are too high. This work focuses on a technique to efficiently combine the use of colour and edge detection in order to better recognise the field landmarks and objects found in the controlled environment of the Four-Legged League of RoboCup.
A Human Histocompatibility Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-G–specific Receptor Expressed on All Natural Killer Cells (1999)

Human natural killer (NK) cells express several killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) that inhibit their cytotoxicity upon recognition of human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules on target cells. Additional members of the KIR family, including some that deliver activation signals, have unknown ligand specificity and function. One such KIR, denoted KIR2DL4, is structurally divergent from other KIRs in the configuration of its two extracellular Ig domains and of its transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. Here we show that recombinant soluble KIR2DL4 binds to cells expressing HLA-G but not to cells expressing other HLA class I molecules. Unlike other HLA class I-specific KIRs, which are clonally distributed on NK cells, KIR2DL4 is expressed at the surface of all NK cells. Furthermore, functional transfer of KIR2DL4 into the cell line NK-92 resulted in inhibition of lysis of target cells that express HLA-G, but not target cells that express other class I molecules including HLA-E. Therefore, given that HLA-G expression is restricted to fetal trophoblast cells, KIR2DL4 may provide important signals to maternal NK decidual cells that interact with trophoblast cells at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy.
Complex Fixed-Point ICA Algorithm for Separation of QAM Sources using Gaussian Mixture Model (2007)

We introduce a fixed-point algorithm, the complex QAM (C-QAM) algorithm, for separation of quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) sources through independent component analysis. The algorithm matches the input QAM distribution through a mixture of Gaussian kernels and uses fixed-point updates that fully take advantage of complex domain processing. We demonstrate the performance of the C-QAM algorithm through simulations and note that it provides improved performance over a wide range of operating conditions such as low signal-to-noise ratio, small sample sizes, and large number of sources.
The Science of Emotion: Research and Tradition in the Psychology of Emotion (1995)

Originally published in Contemporary Psychology: APA Review of Books, 1997, Vol 42(3), 269. This introductory text (see record 1996-97076-000) introduces readers to four major theoretical perspectives on emotion: Darwinian, Jamesian, cognitive, and social constructivist. The author presents the cent
Introduction (2011)

This Introduction introduces Gothic science fiction as a genre and discusses the text as a project to examine Gothic science fiction historically as well as to distinguish its textual forms. The chapters in this compilation provides sample writings published over the past sixty years, and reflect the ideologies and world-views of the researchers in the Gothic and science fiction studies.
New Synthetic Process of Methyl 2,6-Dichlorophenoxyacetate (2008)

Methyl 2,6-dichlorophenoxyacetate is prepared with 2,6-dichlorophenol,sodium methoxide and methyl chloroacetate as raw materials.The reaction conditions are optimized.As a result,the yield of the product is up to 99% when the amount-of-substance ratio of 2,6-dichlorophenol to methyl chloroacetate is 1∶1.3,the 2/3 methanol is distilled off after methyl chloroacetate have been added,and refluxed for 3 h.The structure of the product is characterized with MS,1H NMR and IR.
High frequency inverter using power MOSFET. (1984)

In this article, characteristics of a square-wave inverter using power MOSFETs are described with 1 kW, 2 MHz breadboard model. Digital simulation of switching transients are performed with a practical equivalent circuit to evaluate switching losses. Although the time constant of the internal gate circuit including the Miller effect of the gate-to-source capacitance is dominant factor, drain-to-source capacitance and circuit stray inductance significantly alter the switching transient at the turn-off period of power MOSFET. The drain-to-source capacitance increases the switching time, although it slightly decreases switching energy. The circuit stray inductance must be minimized to decrease the transient overvoltage and switching energy.
Towards virtualization of user interfaces based on UsiXML (2005)

A model-based approach is presented for structuring a development process of virtual user interfaces based on UsiXML, a XML-compliant User Interface Description Language. UsiXML provides a Concrete User Interface description that remains independent from any toolkit, whether graphical or virtual. To support the rendering of this description in a virtual world, two toolkits have been developed: for VRML97 and X3D. The user interface description can be edited within an appropriate graphical editor, in 2D for instance, and leads to 2D or 3D rendering or an automated generation of a 2D graphical user interface in Java or a 3D virtual user interface in VRML97 or X3D, for both presentation and behavior parts. When any element involved in the Concrete User Interface changes, the corresponding virtual user interface changes accordingly, thus reducing development time and complexity. In this way, a virtual user interface can be produced with the advantage of raising the level of abstraction with respect to any language. This paper focuses on the 3D user interfaces.
High performance file system for supercomputing environment (1989)

SUPER-UX is a high performance UNIX operating system for NEC SX-3/SX-X supercomputer and has many enhanced facilities to make available the maximum SX-3/SX-X computing power (peek speed of 22GFLOPS) to users. This paper presents the SUPER-UX file system, a strong point of SUPER-UX, which is based on the standard UNIX file system to satisfy scientific computing environment requirements for I/O performance and facilities.
Light that acts like 'natural bits' (solitons) (1990)

Solitons, ultrastable light pulses that could revolutionize long-haul, fiber-optic communications and perhaps even optical switching, are discussed. Two classes of solitons are described. Temporal solitons, pulses of light that resist a medium's chromatic dispersion, or tendency to broaden them in time, have been known for a while. They offer the possibility of all-optical communication systems transmitting signals thousands of kilometers. Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers provide an all-optical form of soliton amplification that brings such lightwave systems closer to reality. Spatial solitons, which are actually light beams that travel through a planar waveguide without self-focusing or spreading, were observed for the first time last year and might eventually prove useful for optical switching.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Athermal AWG Multiplexer/Demultiplexer for E/C-band WDM-PON application (2007)

Athermal AWG multiplexer/demultiplexer prepared for E/C-band WDM-PON application, by a novel and practical psudo-passive alignment packaging method, demonstrates <plusmn30 pm center wavelength shifts at ITU grids over the widest operating temperature range of -40degC~+80degC.