gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retinopathy of prematurity. Diagnosis, severity, and natural history. (1987)

This article presents data gathered in a prospective clinical trial of constant monitoring of oxygen therapy on the diagnosis, severity (as coded by a severity index [SI]) and natural history of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 214 surviving infants with birthweights less than or equal to 1300 g. ROP developed in 119 (55.6%) infants and, of these, cicatricial ROP developed in nine (7.6%). The disease was diagnosed at 8-9 weeks on the average in infants with birthweights less than 900 g and 4-5 weeks in infants 900 to 1300 g. Those infants in whom the disease regressed, ROP lasted approximately 15 weeks. The severity of the disease, as defined by the SI, was strongly correlated with the birthweight of the infant and weakly correlated with the total duration of oxygen therapy.
Interactions of the nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS with the regulatory region of the osmotically controlled proU operon of Escherichia coli. (1994)

The Escherichia coli hns gene encodes the abundant nucleoid-associated DNA-binding protein H-NS. Mutations in hns alter the expression of many genes with unrelated functions and result in a derepression of the proU operon (proVWX) without abolishing the osmotic control of its transcription. We have investigated the interactions of H-NS with the proU regulatory region by deletion analysis of cis-acting sequences, competitive gel retardation assays, and DNase I footprinting. The negative effect of H-NS on proU transcription was mediated by cis-acting sequences within proV but did not depend on the presence of a curved DNA segment upstream of the proU-35 region previously characterized as a target for H-NS binding in vitro. We detected a 46-base pair high affinity H-NS binding region downstream of the proU promoter at the 5' end of the proV gene and a complex array of additional H-NS binding sites which suggest the presence of an extended H-NS nucleoprotein complex. Most of the H-NS binding sites were highly A+T-rich and carried stretches of 5 or more consecutive A-T base pairs. The implications of our results for the osmotic regulation of proU transcription are discussed.
Making Sense of Vision and Touch: Learning Multimodal Representations for Contact-Rich Tasks (2020)

Contact-rich manipulation tasks in unstructured environments often require both haptic and visual feedback. It is nontrivial to manually design a robot controller that combines these modalities, which have very different characteristics. While deep reinforcement learning has shown success in learning control policies for high-dimensional inputs, these algorithms are generally intractable to train directly on real robots due to sample complexity. In this article, we use self-supervision to learn a compact and multimodal representation of our sensory inputs, which can then be used to improve the sample efficiency of our policy learning. Evaluating our method on a peg insertion task, we show that it generalizes over varying geometries, configurations, and clearances, while being robust to external perturbations. We also systematically study different self-supervised learning objectives and representation learning architectures. Results are presented in simulation and on a physical robot.
Magneto-Opto-Electronic Bistability in a Phenalenyl-Based Neutral Radical (2002)

A new organic molecular conductor, based on a spiro-biphenalenyl neutral radical, simultaneously exhibits bistability in three physical channels: electrical, optical, and magnetic. In the paramagnetic state, the unpaired electrons are located in the exterior phenalenyl units of the dimer, whereas in the diamagnetic state the electrons migrate to the interior phenalenyl units and spin pair as a pi-dimer. Against all expectations, the conductivity increases by two orders of magnitude in the diamagnetic state, and the band gap decreases. This type of multifunctional material has the potential to be used as the basis for new types of electronic devices, where multiple physical channels are used for writing, reading, and transferring information.
ChemInform Abstract: Postsynthetic DNA Modification Through the Copper‐Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal and mechanical properties of biodegradable blends of poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid) and lignin (2003)

Abstract The thermal and mechanical properties of the biodegradable blends of poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) and lignin prepared by manual mixing have been investigated. Both the results of DSC and FTIR spectral analyses indicated the existence of intermolecular interaction between PLLA and lignin. Furthermore, FTIR elucidated the existence of an intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction. Study of the mechanical properties of the blends indicated that the maximum strength and the elongation of the material decreased and the Young's modulus remained almost constant when the lignin content reached 20%. Thermogravimetry indicated that lignin would accelerate the thermal degradation of PLLA when the content of lignin was more than 20%. Compared with some other biodegradable polymers, the blend of PLLA and lignin is thought to be a promising material, because the material properties, as well as the price, are at an acceptable level when the content of lignin is less than about 20%. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Constellation design for channels affected by phase noise (2013)

In this paper we optimize constellation sets to be used for channels affected by phase noise. The main objective is to maximize the achievable mutual information of the constellation under a given power constraint. The mutual information and pragmatic mutual information of a given constellation is calculated approximately assuming that both the channel and phase noise are white. Then a simulated annealing algorithm is used to jointly optimize the constellation and the binary labeling. The performance of optimized constellations is compared with conventional constellations showing considerable gains in all system scenarios.
Ceramic Gas Turbine Technology Development (1995)

Under the U.S. Dept. of Energy/National Aeronautics and Space Administration (DOE/NASA) funded Ceramic Turbine Engine Demonstration Project, formerly the Advanced Turbine Technology Applications Project (ATTAP), AlliedSignal Engines is addressing the remaining critical concerns slowing the commercialization of structural ceramics in gas turbine engines. These issues include demonstration of ceramic component reliability, readiness of ceramic suppliers to support ceramic production needs, and development of ceramic design technologies. The AlliedSignal/Garrett Model 331-200[CT] Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) is being used as a ceramics test bed engine. The first-stage turbine blades and nozzles were redesigned using ceramic materials, employing the design methods developed during the earlier DOE/NASA-funded Advanced Gas Turbine (AGT) and ATTAP programs. Ceramic engine components have been fabricated and are now being evaluated in laboratory engine testing. The fabrication processes for these components will provide the framework for a demonstration of manufacturing process scale-up to the minimum level for commercial viability. The laboratory engine testing is helping to refine the component designs and focus the development of ceramic component technologies. Extended engine endurance testing and field testing in commercial aircraft is planned to demonstrate ceramic component reliability. Significant progress has been made during 1994. An engine with ceramic turbine nozzles was successfully operated and engine tests in the laboratory are continuing to gather useful data. An engine equipped with ceramic blades was also tested, but blade fractures occurred, interrupting operation. An extensive investigation has identified possible vibration and contact problems. Investigative evaluation efforts are continuing to identify the problem source and determine go-forward plans for ceramic blade development. Component design technologies have progressed in the areas of modeling particle impact pulverization, development of a ceramic hot corrosion environmental life model, and methods for evaluating ceramic contact damage. The planned ceramic manufacturing scale-up was initiated with two ceramics vendors, Norton Advanced Ceramics (East Granby, CT) and AlliedSignal Ceramic Components (Torrance, CA). The scaleup demonstration program is emphasizing improvement of ceramic processing yields and increased production rates. Work summarized in this paper was funded by the U.S. Dept. of Energy (DOE) Office of Transportation Technologies, as part of the Turbine Engine Technologies Program, and administered by the NASA Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, OH under Contract No. DEN3-335.
Cardiovascular and Metabolic Risk Profile and Acylation-Stimulating Protein Levels in Children with Prader-Willi Syndrome and Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment (2010)

Many children with PWS had dyslipidemia and high ASP levels. GH improved fat% and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, but not ASP. High ASP levels may prevent complete normalization of fat%SDS during GH treatment but may contribute in keeping glucose and insulin levels within normal range.
A Process- and Policy-Aware Cross Enterprise Collaboration Framework for Multisourced Services (2012)

The increasing demand for business agility mandates enterprises to collaborate on many frontlines to stay competitive and achieve high business performance. This has given rise to the issue of Cross Enterprise Collaboration (CEC), which refers to the collaboration of two or more enterprises in achieving common goals. CEC is facing major people, process and technological challenges today. IT setup in today's enterprises makes them walled gardens, for good reasons, however, it is a prohibitor of successful collaboration among companies, their people and processes towards achieving higher performance. In this paper, we propose a framework that facilitates the understanding of major CEC challenges. Facilitating CEC requires supporting process-level collaboration, and protection of shared IP and data with various enterprise-level and regulatory policies. The framework incorporates a process-based collaboration system for conversation-oriented, flexible and policy-aware process collaboration among people from different enterprises. We focus on the scenario of the collaboration of providers in multi-sourced IT services to exemplify the problem and the proposed solution.
Antibacterial activity of sequentially extracted organic solvent extracts of fruits, flowers and leaves of Lawsonia inermis L. from Jaffna (2012)

The study demonstrated that the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of fruit and flower of L. inermis are potentially better source of antibacterial agents compared to leaf extracts of respective solvents.
Interaction of aminoglycoside antibiotics with phospholipid liposomes studied by microelectrophoresis. (1979)

Microelectrophoresis was found to be a rapid method for studying the interaction between aminoglycoside antibiotics and liposomes prepared from acid phospholipids. The ability to cause charge reversal of liposomes prepared from phosphatidyl inositol was ranked in the order neomycin greater than gentamicin greater than tobramycin greater than amikacin greater than kanamycin greater than ribostamycin greater than streptomycin greater than dihydrostreptomycin greater than Ca2+. Similar results were obtained with liposomes prepared from a mixture (8: 2) of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidic acid, but no effect was detectable with neutral liposomes made from phosphatidyl choline only. The results support the view that the attraction between positively charged nitrogen groups on the antibiotics and the negatively charged groups of acidic phospholipids are predominantly responsible for the interaction. Extension of the studies to ionic strengths and calcium concentrations similar to those found in vivo showed a reduction, but not elimination, of the observed effects.
Development of privacy-preserving sensor for person detection (2010)

A privacy-preserving sensor for person detection has been developed. In theory, the sensor can be constructed with a line sensor and cylindrical lens because only a one-dimensional brightness distribution is needed. The proposed sensor obtains enough information to detect person's position and movement status from a one-dimensional horizontal brightness distribution that is approximately equal to the integration value of each vertical pixel line of the two-dimensional image. Thus the privacy is protected. Moreover, the appearance of the proposed sensor is very different from the conventional video camera, so the psychological resistance of having a picture taken is reduced. The verified results of practically developed sensors showed that it can correctly detect a present person's state without violating privacy.
Hard wiring of T cell receptor specificity for the major histocompatibility complex is underpinned by TCR adaptability (2010)

alphabeta T cell receptors (TCRs) are genetically restricted to corecognize peptide antigens bound to self-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) molecules; however, the basis for this MHC specificity remains unclear. Despite the current dogma, evaluation of the TCR-pMHC-I structural database shows that the nongermline-encoded complementarity-determining region (CDR)-3 loops often contact the MHC-I, and the germline-encoded CDR1 and -2 loops frequently participate in peptide-mediated interactions. Nevertheless, different TCRs adopt a roughly conserved docking mode over the pMHC-I, in which three MHC-I residues (65, 69, and 155) are invariably contacted by the TCR in one way or another. Nonetheless, the impact of mutations at these three positions, either individually or together, was not uniformly detrimental to TCR recognition of pHLA-B*0801 or pHLA-B*3508. Moreover, when TCR-pMHC-I recognition was impaired, this could be partially restored by expression of the CD8 coreceptor. The structure of a TCR-pMHC-I complex in which these three (65, 69, and 155) MHC-I positions were all mutated resulted in shifting of the TCR footprint relative to the cognate complex and formation of compensatory interactions. Collectively, our findings reveal the inherent adaptability of the TCR in maintaining peptide recognition while accommodating changes to the central docking site on the pMHC-I.
Comparative Analysis of Proteome and Transcriptome Variation in Mouse (2011)

The relationships between the levels of transcripts and the levels of the proteins they encode have not been examined comprehensively in mammals, although previous work in plants and yeast suggest a surprisingly modest correlation. We have examined this issue using a genetic approach in which natural variations were used to perturb both transcript levels and protein levels among inbred strains of mice. We quantified over 5,000 peptides and over 22,000 transcripts in livers of 97 inbred and recombinant inbred strains and focused on the 7,185 most heritable transcripts and 486 most reliable proteins. The transcript levels were quantified by microarray analysis in three replicates and the proteins were quantified by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry using O(18)-reference-based isotope labeling approach. We show that the levels of transcripts and proteins correlate significantly for only about half of the genes tested, with an average correlation of 0.27, and the correlations of transcripts and proteins varied depending on the cellular location and biological function of the gene. We examined technical and biological factors that could contribute to the modest correlation. For example, differential splicing clearly affects the analyses for certain genes; but, based on deep sequencing, this does not substantially contribute to the overall estimate of the correlation. We also employed genome-wide association analyses to map loci controlling both transcript and protein levels. Surprisingly, little overlap was observed between the protein- and transcript-mapped loci. We have typed numerous clinically relevant traits among the strains, including adiposity, lipoprotein levels, and tissue parameters. Using correlation analysis, we found that a low number of clinical trait relationships are preserved between the protein and mRNA gene products and that the majority of such relationships are specific to either the protein levels or transcript levels. Surprisingly, transcript levels were more strongly correlated with clinical traits than protein levels. In light of the widespread use of high-throughput technologies in both clinical and basic research, the results presented have practical as well as basic implications.
A Change and Prospect of Quantitative Evaluation of Microstructure Morphology (2014)

The changes of microstructural evaluation are reviewed from the view point of fusion of “material science” and “science of shape”. In addition, the status of microstructural evaluation in the three-dimension is described in detail.
DEVELOPING WATER QUALITY MAPS OF A HYPER-SALINE LAKE USING SPATIAL INTERPOLATION METHODS (2015)

Urmia Lake, the second largest hyper-saline lake in the world, has experienced a significant drop in water level during the last decade. This study was designed to examine the water quality of Urmia Lake and to characterize the spatial heterogeneity and temporal changes of the physico-chemical parameters between October 2009 and July 2010. Two spatial interpolation methods, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK), were used and compared with each other to derive the spatial distribution of ionic constituents as well as TDS and density along the lake. Results showed that the main dominant cations and anions in Urmia Lake were Na+, Mg++, K+, Ca++, Cl- , SO4--, and HCO3-, respectively. Although water quality of the lake is homogeneous with depth, it differs between the northern and southern parts. Water quality also varies seasonally, determined by river inflows and the lake bathymetry. Moreover, with the present salinity level, salt precipitation is likely in Urmia Lake and is becoming one of the principal factors determining the distribution of solutes within the lake. This study shows that the combined use of temporal and spatial water quality data improves our understanding of complex, large aquatic systems like Urmia Lake.
3D Beamforming in Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces-assisted Wireless Communication Networks (2020)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) or Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces (IRS) are metasurfaces that can be deployed in various places in wireless environments to make these environments controllable and reconfigurable. In this paper, we investigate the problem of using 3D beamforming in RIS-empowered wireless networks and propose a new scheme that provides more degrees of freedom in designing and deploying the RIS-based networks. In the proposed scheme, a base station (BS) equipped with a full dimensional array of antennas optimizes its radiation pattern in the three-dimensional space to maximize the received signal to noise ratio at a target user. We also study the effect of angle of incidence of the received signal by the RIS on its reflecting properties and find a relation between this angle and the BS antenna array's tilt and elevation angles. The user receives the signal from a reflected path from the RIS as well as from a direct path from the BS which both depend on the BS antenna array's tilt and elevation angles. These angles and also the RIS element's phase shifts are jointly numerically optimized. Our simulation results show that using RIS-assisted 3D beamforming with optimized phase shifts and radiation angles can considerably improve the performance of wireless networks.
Human Tumor Antigen MUC1 Is Chemotactic for Immature Dendritic Cells and Elicits Maturation but Does Not Promote Th1 Type Immunity (2005)

The immunostimulatory outcome of the interactions of many pathogens with dendritic cells (DCs) has been well characterized. There are many fewer examples of similar interactions between DCs and self-molecules, especially the abnormal self-proteins such as many tumor Ags, and their effects on DC function and the immune response. We show that human epithelial cell Ag MUC1 mucin is recognized in its aberrantly glycosylated form on tumor cells by immature human myeloid DCs as both a chemoattractant (through its polypeptide core) and a maturation and activation signal (through its carbohydrate moieties). On encounter with MUC1, similar to the encounter with LPS, immature DCs increase cell surface expression of CD80, CD86, CD40, and CD83 molecules and the production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha cytokines but fail to make IL-12. When these DCs are cocultured with allogeneic CD4+ T cells, they induce production of IL-13 and IL-5 and lower levels of IL-2, thus failing to induce a type 1 response. Our data suggest that, in vivo in cancer patients, MUC1 attracts immature DCs to the tumor through chemotaxis and subverts their function by negatively affecting their ability to stimulate type 1 helper T cell responses important for tumor rejection.
Improved thermal stability of power SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor with novel emitter structure (2009)

A novel segmented emitter structure with nonuniform finger length and spacing has been presented to alleviate adverse thermal effects in multi-finger SiGe HBT power device. Considering the various thermal resistances of different components for the segmented multi-finger HBT, an appropriate thermal model is developed. Using this model, the thermal simulation for a ten-finger power SiGe HBT with segmented emitter structure is performed and the three-dimensional temperature distribution on emitter fingers is obtained. Compared with traditional emitter structure, the maximum junction temperature reduce significantly from 416.3 K to 405 K, the thermal resistance reduce from 154.67 K/W to 140 K/W, thus the thermal stability of improved structure is enhanced apparently.
Post‐Cycloaddition–Retroelectrocyclization Transformations of Polycyanobutadienes (2012)

Abstract The thermal [2+2] cycloaddition–retroelectrocyclization (CA‐RE) reaction between a range of alkynes, activated by electron‐donating anilino ( p ‐H 2 NC 6 H 4 ‐) substituents, and the electron‐deficient olefins tetracyanoethene (TCNE) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyano‐ p ‐quinodimethane (TCNQ) delivered anilino‐substituted polycyanobutadienes (PCBDs). The aniline NH 2 groups provide a convenient handle for further transformations, yielding a new series of PCBDs without an electron‐donating group. Electrochemical investigations by rotating disk voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry revealed large anodic shifts in both the first and second reduction potentials as a result of the removal of the electron‐donating functionality. This methodology allows for PCBD‐containing substrates to be further elaborated, generating a new family of chromophores previously inaccessible by alternative synthetic methods.