gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast implants, common complications, and concurrent breast disease. (1993)

Recent concern regarding breast implants has emphasized the special imaging needs of the approximately 2 million American women who currently have prosthetic breast implants, including silicone gel, silicone gel with a textured silicone coating, saline, biocompatible gel, polyurethane-coated, double-lumen, and tissue expanders. Both palpable and nonpalpable breast lesions can occur in patients with implants, and these lesions must be evaluated in the same manner as in patients without implants, which presents a challenge for the mammographer. Not only is the breast tissue of a patient with implants more difficult to image, but the patient may have complications from the implants. The major complications of their use involve hematoma in the early postoperative period, infection, capsule contracture, rupture, and silicone granulomas. Familiarity with the more common types of implants, the possible complications of their use, and concurrent breast disease may help improve diagnosis in these patients.
Teaching Research Methods: An Experiential and Heterodoxical Approach (1994)

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Effects of the Substrate Offset Angle on the Growth of GaAs on Si Substrate (1986)

In the growth of GaAs on Si, the effects of the offset angle of the substrate and its direction on the epitaxial layer were studied using spherical Si substrates. The growth was carried out by a low pressure MOCVD system. On the grown layer, milky lines were observed along the [010] and the [001] axis of the substrate. Except for the narrow regions along these milky lines, the grown layer showed a mirror-like surface with a single domain structure. The surface morphology and the etch pit density in the single domain GaAs layer were strongly affected by the offset direction as well as the offset angle of the substrate.
Ultrathin low-frequency sound absorbing panels based on coplanar spiral tubes or coplanar Helmholtz resonators (2014)

Performance of classic sound absorbing materials strictly depends on their thickness, with a minimum of one-quarter wavelength to reach full sound absorption. In this paper, we report ultrathin sound absorbing panels that completely absorb sound energy with a thickness around one percent of wavelength. The strategy is to bend and coil up quarter-wavelength sound damping tubes into 2D coplanar ones, and embed them into a matrix to form sound absorbing panel. Samples have been designed and fabricated by 3D printing. Efficacies of sound absorption by these panels were validated through good agreement between theoretical analysis and experimental measurements.
Adenosine triphosphate turnover in humans. Decreased degradation during relative hyperphosphatemia. (1989)

The regulation of ATP metabolism by inorganic phosphate (Pi) was examined in five normal volunteers through measurements of ATP degradation during relative Pi depletion and repletion states. Relative Pi depletion was achieved through dietary restriction and phosphate binders, whereas a Pi-repleted state was produced by oral Pi supplementation. ATP was radioactively labeled by the infusion of [8(14)C]adenine. Fructose infusion was used to produce rapid ATP degradation during Pi depletion and repletion states. Baseline measurements indicated a significant decrease of Pi levels during phosphate depletion and no change in serum or urinary purines. Serum values of Pi declined 20 to 26% within 15 min after fructose infusion in all states. Urine measurements of ATP degradation products showed an eightfold increase within 15 min after fructose infusion in both Pi-depleted and -supplemented states. Urinary radioactive ATP degradation products were fourfold higher and urinary purine specific activity was more than threefold higher during Pi depletion as compared with Pi repletion. Our data indicate that there is decreased ATP degradation to purine end products during a relative phosphate repletion state as compared to a relative phosphate depletion state. These data show that ATP metabolism can be altered through manipulation of the relative Pi state in humans.
Harvesterin sahalaipan jatkotutkimus ja tuotteistaminen (2015)

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli saavuttaa Joensuun CNC-Machining Oy:n aloittama harvesterinlaipan kehitystyö loppuun. Kehitystyön oli aloittanut vuonna 2012 Teemu Tuominen omalla opinnäytetyöllään, joka keskittyi suunnittelua ja valmistusta rajoittavien patenttien selvittämiseen sekä laipan valmistuksessa käytettyjen materiaalien selvittämiseen. Kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja puutuvien tietojen hankinnan jälkeen tarkasteluun otettiin aiemmin valmistettu prototyyppi sekä rikkoutuneita käytetyjä laippoja. Näistä laipoista tehtiin havaintoja esille nousevista ongelmakohdista, joiden perusteella tässä työssä suunnitelmaa päivitettiin ja asetettiin vaatimukset uudelle prototyypille. Kokonaisrakenteen suunnittelun jälkeen keskityttiin viimeistelemään osatoiminnallisuuksien yksityiskohdat. Suunnittelun tulosten perusteella valmistettiin laipasta prototyyppisarja, joista kahdella suoritettiin todellista käyttöä vastaava koeajo. Koeajon aikana ja jälkeen laippojen käyttäytymisestä ja suorituskyvystä tehtiin havaintoja. Valmistuksesta ja koeajosta saaduilla tiedoilla laippamallia kehitetään kohti markkinakelpoista tuotetta ja tuoteperhettä kasvatetaan eri mallisilla laipoilla.
BMP-2 inhibits proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells via p21<sup>Cip1/Waf1</sup> (2003)

Bone-morphogenetic proteins (BMP)-2 and -7, multifunctional members of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta superfamily with powerful osteoinductive effects, cause cell cycle arrest in a variety of transformed cell lines by activating signaling cascades that involve several cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKIs). CDKIs in the cip/kip family, p21(Cip1/Waf1) and p27(Kip1), have been shown to negatively regulate the G1 cyclins and their partner cyclin-dependent kinase proteins, resulting in BMP-mediated growth arrest. Bone morphogens have also been associated with antiproliferative effects in vascular tissue by unknown mechanisms. We now show that BMP-2-mediated inhibition of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated human aortic smooth muscle cell (HASMC) proliferation is accompanied by increased levels of p21 protein. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides specific for p21 attenuate BMP-2-induced inhibition of proliferation when transfected into HASMCs, demonstrating that BMP-2 inhibits PDGF-stimulated proliferation of HASMCs through induction of p21. Whether p21-mediated induction of cell cycle arrest by BMP-2 sets the stage for osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells, ultimately leading to vascular mineralization, remains to be investigated.
Polymorphisms and Splice Variants Influence the Antiretroviral Activity of Human APOBEC3H (2008)

Human APOBEC3H belongs to the APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases that potently inhibit exogenous and endogenous retroviruses. The impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and alternative splicing on the antiretroviral activity of human APOBEC3H is currently unknown. In this study, we show that APOBEC3H transcripts derived from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells are polymorphic in sequence and subject to alternative splicing. We found that APOBEC3H variants encoding a SNP cluster (G105R, K121D and E178D, hapII-RDD) restricted human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) more efficiently than wild-type APOBEC3H (hapI-GKE). All APOBEC3H variants tested were resistant to HIV-1 Vif, the viral protein that efficiently counteracts APOBEC3G/3F activity. Alternative splicing of APOBEC3H was common and resulted in variants with distinct C-terminal regions and variable antiretroviral activities. Splice variants of hapI-GKE displayed a wide range of antiviral activities, whereas similar splicing events in hapII-RDD resulted in proteins that uniformly and efficiently restricted viral infectivity (>20-fold). Site-directed mutagenesis identified G105R in hapI-GKE and D121K in hapII-RDD as critical substitutions leading to an average additional 10-fold increase in antiviral activity. APOBEC3H variants were catalytically active and, similarly to APOBEC3F, favored a GA dinucleotide context. HIV-1 mutagenesis as a mode of action for APOBEC3H is suggested by the decrease of restriction observed with a cytidine deaminase domain mutant and the inverse correlation between G-to-A mutations and infectivity. Thus, the anti-HIV activity of APOBEC3H seems to be regulated by a combination of genomic variation and alternative splicing. Since prevalence of hapII-RDD is high in populations of African descent, these findings raise the possibility that some individuals may harbor effective as well as HIV-1 Vif-resistant intracellular antiviral defense mechanisms.
Salicylamide. The ammonolysis of methyl salicylate (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSalicylamide. The ammonolysis of methyl salicylateErnest R. Kline Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1942, 19, 7, 332Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1942Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 July 1942Published inissue 1 July 1942https://doi.org/10.1021/ed019p332RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (437 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Long-term exposure to diesel engine exhaust induced lung function decline in a cross sectional study (2016)

To clarify the effects of lung function following exposure to diesel engine exhaust (DEE), we recruited 137 diesel engine testing workers exposed to DEE and 127 non-DEE-exposed workers as study subjects. We performed lung function tests and measured cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) cytome index and levels of urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites. There was a significant decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV<sub>1</sub>), ratio of forced expiratory volume in 1 second to forced vital capacity (FEV<sub>1</sub>/ FVC), maximal mid expiratory flow curve (MMF), forced expiratory flow at 50% of FVC (FEF<sub>50%</sub>), and forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF<sub>75%</sub>) in the DEE-exposed workers than non-DEE-exposed workers (all p<0.05). Among all study subjects, the decreases of FEF<sub>75%</sub> were associated with the increasing levels of PAHs meta-bolites (p<0.05), and there were negative correlations between FEV<sub>1</sub>, FEV<sub>1</sub>/FVC, MMF, FEF<sub>50%</sub>, and FEF<sub>75%</sub> with CBMN cytome index (all p<0.05). Our results show that long-term exposure to DEE can induce lung function decline which shows mainly obstructive changes and influence of small airways function. The decreased lung function is associated with internal dosage of DEE exposure, and accompany with the increasing CBMN cytome index.
beta-RTX. A receptor-active protein from Russell's viper (Vipera russelli russelli) venom. (1983)

A single chain polypeptide, termed beta-RTX, with an apparent Mr = 9600 has been isolated from the venom of Vipera russelli russelli. It was purified by cation exchange chromatography, followed by preparative isoelectric focusing and chromatofocusing. Purity was confirmed by gel filtration, high performance liquid chromatography, gel electrophoresis, and analytical ultracentrifugation. Amino acid analysis revealed the presence of eight half-cystines, one being located at the NH2 terminus, which are linked to form four intramolecular disulfide bridges. Chromatofocusing revealed some microheterogeneity yielding three isoforms with pI values of 9.3, 9.37, and 9.48, respectively. In its native configuration, beta-RTX was not susceptible to tryptic degradation but was readily digested after reduction and alkylation. beta-RTX possesses weak phospholipase A2 activity and competes with the binding of monoamines and opiate ligands to their respective receptors. No binding to histamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, benzodiazepine, or muscarinic receptors was observed. In vivo, whereas 100 micrograms/kg intravenous beta-RTX seemed to be without apparent effects in the rat, 10 ng/kg beta-RTX injected intracerebroventricularly caused marked sedation, with full recovery within 3 h.
On the Versatile and Unusual Coordination Behavior of Ambiphilic Ligands <i>o</i>-R<sub>2</sub>P(Ph)BR‘<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Monophosphine-boranes were shown to behave as bidentate ambiphilic ligands, whose structural versatility has been illustrated by the preparation of PdII and AuI complexes featuring unusual P --> M-Cl --> B and P --> M --> B interactions, respectively.
Formation of lymph follicles in draining lymph nodes after local injection of various antigenic substances in mice. (1986)

Formation of lymph follicles in draining popliteal lymph nodes was examined in 8-week-old, male C57B1/6 mice which had been injected in the rear footpad with any one of eleven test substances including thymus-dependent and thymus-independent antigens, and killed after 6-14 days.HGG (10-100μg), MGG, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (2-10Lf) and influenza HA vaccine (35CCA) induced germinal centers in association with existing follicles, but failed to produce new follicles in draining nodes. KLH (10-100μg), SRBC (1×108) and formalin-killed pertussis organisms (5×108) induced germinal centers in existing follicles and also produced new follicles which soon developed germinal centers. Levan and PVP (10-100μg) induced neither germinal centers nor new follicles. Ferritin (100μg) virtually failed to induce germinal centers but produced a significant number of new primary follicles.In further experiments, artificially aggregated substances were examined with regards to their ability of inducing lymph follicle formation in draining nodes. Precipitated proteins such as alum-precipitated PHA, HGG, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, “Sepharose”-PHA and “Sepharose”-HGG induced a significant number of new follicles.These observations suggest that efficient follicle formation is associated with particulate and high-molecular-weight antigens which are liable to be phagocytized, whereas soluble, poorly phagocytized antigens tend to be inefficient. Soluble proteins may be effective if given in precipitated form. Thymic dependency appears to be irrelevant. The present results point to a possible participation of macrophages in the mechanism of follicle formation.
On Tracking Information Flows through JNI in Android Applications (2014)

Android provides native development kit through JNI for developing high-performance applications (or simply apps). Although recent years have witnessed a considerable increase in the number of apps employing native libraries, only a few systems can examine them. However, none of them scrutinizes the interactions through JNI in them. In this paper, we conduct a systematic study on tracking information flows through JNI in apps. More precisely, we first perform a large-scale examination on apps using JNI and report interesting observations. Then, we identify scenarios where information flows uncaught by existing systems can result in information leakage. Based on these insights, we propose and implement NDroid, an efficient dynamic taint analysis system for checking information flows through JNI. The evaluation through real apps shows NDroid can effectively identify information leaks through JNI with low performance overheads.
Role of Sulfur in the Luminescence and Coloration of Some Aluminosilicates (1954)

Certain complex, sulfur-containing sodalite-type silicates, synthesis of which is described, exhibit under 3650 -~ excitation an emission extending from 5000 .~ to beyond 7000 A, the spectrum varying with composition.The band structure of this emission at -196~ is similar to the emission structure shown by a mixture of Na2S~ and Na2SO4.It is concluded that luminescence is due to the presence of Na~S~, which replaces part of the NaC1 normally present in sodalite.Synthetic sodalites eontainizlg both NaC1 and Na,_,S are tenebreseent, coloring purple on irradiation with 2537 and 3650 ~. ultraviolet.
Differential Signaling by Protease-Activated Receptors: Implications for Therapeutic Targeting (2014)

Protease-activated receptors (PARs) are a family of four G protein-coupled receptors that exhibit increasingly appreciated differences in signaling and regulation both within and between the receptor class. By nature of their proteolytic self-activation mechanism, PARs have unique processes of receptor activation, "ligand" binding, and desensitization/resensitization. These distinctive aspects have presented both challenges and opportunities in the targeting of PARs for therapeutic benefit-the most notable example of which is inhibition of PAR1 on platelets for the prevention of arterial thrombosis. However, more recent studies have uncovered further distinguishing features of PAR-mediated signaling, revealing mechanisms by which identical proteases elicit distinct effects in the same cell, as well as how distinct proteases produce different cellular consequences via the same receptor. Here we review this differential signaling by PARs, highlight how important distinctions between PAR1 and PAR4 are impacting on the progress of a new class of anti-thrombotic drugs, and discuss how these more recent insights into PAR signaling may present further opportunities for manipulating PAR activation and signaling in the development of novel therapies.
Chemistry of the constituents of Xylopia aethiopica. The structure of xylopic acid, a new diterpene acid (1968)

D. E. U. Ekong and A. U. Ogan, J. Chem. Soc. C, 1968, 311 DOI: 10.1039/J39680000311
Peptide Secondary Structure Prediction using Evolutionary Information (2019)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND In the past, large numbers of methods have been developed for predicting secondary structure of proteins. Best of author’s knowledge no method has been specifically developed for predicting secondary structure of peptides. We analyzed secondary structure of peptides and proteins; it was observed that same peptide in protein adopt different secondary structures. Considering the wide application of peptides in therapeutic market, we made attempt to develop a method called PEP2D for predicting secondary structure of peptides. RESULTS In this study, 3107 unique peptides have been used to train, test and evaluate peptide secondary structure prediction models. It was observed that regular secondary structure content (e.g., helix, beta-sheet) increased with length of peptides. Firstly, models based on various machine-learning techniques have been developed using binary profile of peptides and achieved maximum overall accuracy (Q3) 79.5%. The performance of models further improved from 79.5% to 83.5% using evolutionary information in the form of PSSM profile. We also evaluate performance of protein secondary structure prediction method PSIPRED on our dataset and achieved maximum accuracy 76.9%; particularly poor (Q3 71.4%) for small peptides having length less than 10 residues. Overall, PEP2D has better prediction of beta-sheets (Q3 74%) and coil region (Q3 87%) of peptides as compare to PSIPRED (Q3 54.4% for beta-sheet and Q3 77.9% for coil). We also measure performance of PSIPRED and PEP2D in terms of segment overlap (SOV); achieved 69.3 and 76.7 respectively. CONCLUSION Our observations indicate that there is a need of developing separate method for predicting secondary structure of peptides. It was also observed that models based on PSSM profile perform poor on small peptides in comparison to long peptides. Based on our study, we developed method for predicting secondary structure of peptides. In order to provide service to user, a webserver/standalone has been developed ( https://webs.iiitd.edu.in/raghava/pep2d/ ).
The destabilization of an abnormal physiological balanced situation, chronic musculoskeletal pain, utilizing magnetic biological device. (1989)

In this study two groups of subjects with indications of chronic musculoskeletal pain are examined statistically after applications of Magnetic Biological Device hereafter referred to as MBD /1, 2/. The first group is a short-term study on 14 indications showing the results after three days of treatments at one per day. The second group is a long-term study on data collected in a survey after the first year of operation in a clinic on 114 indications. The scores indicate that MBD is a desirable alternative to standard therapeutic practices, in the elimination and/or maintenance of chronic musculoskeletal pain due to its superior scoring on the Melzack-McGill Pain Questionnaire, apparent ability to increase the balance of thermal emission patterns, is non-toxic, non-invasive, plus is economically advantageous, due to the limited number of applications required to maintain these conditions.
Polyaspartic add process developed (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPolyaspartic add process developedSTEPHEN STINSONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 29, 21Publication Date (Print):July 20, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 20 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n029.p021https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n029.p021newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Acid and base chemistry,Copolymers,Organic polymers,Water treatment Get e-Alerts