gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
111In-DTPA evaluation of CSF diversionary shunts in children. (1973)

One hundred and twenty-five CSF diversiorary shunt patency studies were carried out in children using 2 mu Ci/kg of /sup 111/In-DTPA. A total of four incorrect diagnoses occurred. The results were reproducible in 12 patients who had repeat studies without a change in clinical status. The radiopharmaceutical is considered safe since no reactions were observed and appears to be especially valuable for examining children because of the low radiation dose. As a result of the consistently reliable assessment of function of these shunts and a complete acceptance of the technique by our neurosurgeons, the number of air ventriculograms and surgical explorations for diagnosis in patients whose shunts were patent have been significantly reduced. (auth)
Guillermo Dilthey:Filosofía empírica e historicismo radical. (2017)

Las ciencias naturales no constituyen un mundo aparte del devenir historico. Si pretendemos comprenderlas en su realidad concreta, necesitamos reflexionar sobre su naturaleza historica, atender a su pasado y a su futuro. Ademas, sus avances influyen decisivamente en el presente de nuestra sociedad. Pero su caracter historico no las despoja ni de su dimension de verdad ni de su aplicabilidad tecnica.
 
Sciences are not independent of historical becoming. If it is intended to understand their concrete reality, a reflection on their historical nature is needed, considering their past and future times. Besides, their achievements have an enormous influence on our society at present. Even though, their historical aspect, Sciences have a dimension of truth and technical applicability.
Amino- and amido-tetrabenazine derivatives: Synthesis and evaluation as potential ligands for the vesicular monoamine transporter (1995)

Tetrabenazine (TBZ) and dihydrotetrabenazine are well known inhibitors of the CNS vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), which is responsible for the packaging of monoamine neurotransmitters in presynaptic vesicles. Amino and amido derivatives of tetrabenazine were prepared as potential ligands for the vesicular monoamine transporter. Ultimately, organotin derivatives of promising ligands were prepared for radiolabeling with 125I. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the specific binding of a selective radioligand to the transporter in rat striatal homogenates. Of the compounds evaluated, three amine derivatives of TBZ (primary, secondary and tertiary) were found to have modest to high affinity for the transporter, while two amides exhibited low to undectable affinity. The secondary propargyl amine was found to possess the highest affinity (Ki = 7.6 nM) and was chosen for further evaluation. The organotin derivative of this compound was synthesized in order to prepare the corresponding radioiodinated ligand. However, our inability to synthesize and characterize the iodinated amine precluded its evaluation as a potential radioiodinated ligand for the transporter. Alternative approaches for decreasing the lipophilicity of TBZ analogs while maintaining high binding affinity are currently being explored.
Investigations on Steroids. II. Spectral Properties of Androstano [3, 2-b] pyridine. (1964)

From the ultraviolet, infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of androstano-pyridines which were previously prepared, the structure of the ring fusion was confirmed to be androstano [3, 2-b] pyridine. Comparison of the ultraviolet absorptions of 6'-substituted and 5', 6'-disubstituted androstano [3, 2-b] pyridines with those of the corresponding dimethylpyridine derivatives was described.
The Photoreactivity of the Retinal Age Pigment Lipofuscin (1999)

The presence of the age pigment lipofuscin is associated with numerous age-related diseases. In the retina lipofuscin is located within the pigment epithelium where it is exposed to high oxygen and visible light, a prime environment for the generation of reactive oxygen species. Although we, and others, have demonstrated that retinal lipofuscin is a photoinducible generator of reactive oxygen species it is unclear how this may translate into cell damage. The position of lipofuscin within the lysosome infers that irradiated lipofuscin is liable to cause oxidative damage to either the lysosomal membrane or the lysosomal enzymes. We have found that illumination of lipofuscin with visible light is capable of extragranular lipid peroxidation, enzyme inactivation, and protein oxidation. These effects, which were pH-dependent, were significantly reduced by the addition of the antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and 1,4-diazabicyclo(2,2,2)-octane, confirming a role for both the superoxide anion and singlet oxygen. We postulate that lipofuscin may compromise retinal cell function by causing loss of lysosomal integrity and that this may be a major contributory factor to the pathology associated with retinal light damage and diseases such as age-related macular degeneration.
Monoclonal antibody 45-2D9 recognizes a cell surface glycoprotein on a human c-Ha-ras transformed cell line (45-342) and a shared epitope on human tumors. (1986)

A monoclonal antibody (45-2D9) produced after immunization of BALB/c mice with the c-Ha-ras NIH 3T3 tertiary transfectant (45-342) recognized a determinant expressed by the primary, three of three secondary, and one of three tertiary transfectants, but not by NIH 3T3 cells. The determinant was present on the cell surface and was distinct from murine leukemia virus gp70 by absorption studies. Biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation studies with [35S]methionine and [3H]glucosamine demonstrated that 45-2D9 recognizes a 74,000 Mr glycoprotein with minor bands of 90,000 and 180,000 Mr on SDS-PAGE. Pulse chase studies demonstrated a 68,000 Mr precursor molecule that incorporated only [35S]methionine. The distribution of the epitope recognized by 45-2D9 was assessed by immunoperoxidase staining. The antigen was not detected on 10 primary and metastatic murine tumors or 11 transformed murine cell lines. However, a variety of surgically excised human tumors demonstrated intense staining, whereas staining of normal tissues was minimal or not detectable. Thus a human oncogene-transfected cell can express a new cell surface determinant apparently unrelated to the oncogene product, which is also selectively expressed by human tumors.
Heparin and Secondary Prevention of Acute Myocardial Infarction (1990)

Patients surviving acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may experience several clinical events (reinfarction, congestive heart failure, sudden death) still responsible for high mortality rates. AMI early complicated by residual angina, left ventricular dysfunction, or malignant arrhythmias has a worse prognosis. Secondary prevention of myocardial infarction and death has been the end point of many clinical trials in the past two decades. It is well known that beta blockers prevent sudden death if administered chronically after AMI. Meta-analysis of controlled randomized trials demonstrated a significant reduction in reinfarction and vascular death with long-term antiplatelet treatment. Oral anticoagulants prevent fatal and non-fatal reinfarction and show a trend towards lower mortality rates, though treated patients have a higher incidence of haemorrhagic events, particularly stroke. Early administration of heparin gave contradictory results on short-term prevention of myocardial infarction and death after AMI. Data on long-term heparin therapy point out a significant reduction in recurrent AMI and a trend towards a decrease in general mortality.
Protective effects of quercetin on liver injury induced by ethanol (2010)

Quercetin, a natural compound of multiple origins, has broad biopharmacological effects, such as antioxidant, directly scavenging free radical, and hepatoprotectivity effects. This study is designed to investigate the interveneous effect of quercetin on liver injury induced by ethanol in rats. The rats that were orally treated with 50% ethanol for continuous ten days, which resulted in cell necrosis, fibrosis and inflammatory infiltration, were included in this study. Higher contents of AST, ALT ADH, gamma-GT, TG in plasma and MDA in liver tissue, and lower content of GSH in liver tissue were highlighted in ethanol-treated rats when compared with healthy ones. The levels of cytokines such as IL-1beta, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha in rats plasma were also significantly enhanced, and level of IL-10 was obviously lowered through ethanol treatment. By preventive and synchronism treatment with quercetin for fourteen days, the contents of AST, ALT ADH, gamma-GT, TG and MDA, and levels of IL-1beta, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha were significantly reduced, whereas GSH and level of IL-10 were obviously increased. It may be deduced that quercetin, by multiple mechanisms interplay, demonstrated somewhat protective effect on liver injury induced by ethanol in rats.
Spying on Components: A Runtime Verification Technique (2001)

A natural way to specify component-based systems is by an interface specification. Such a specification allows clients of a component to know not only its syntactic properties, as is current practice, but also its semantic properties. Any component implementation must be a behavioral refinement of its interface specification. We propose the use of executable specifications and a runtime monitor to check for behavioral equivalence between a component and its specification. Furthermore, we take advantage of the COM infrastructure to perform this kind of runtime verification without any instrumentation of the implementation, i.e., without any recompilation or re-linking.
Application of colorimetric microdilution plate hybridization for rapid genetic identification of 22 Mycobacterium species (1991)

Quantitative microdilution plate hybridization was used to identify 22 Mycobacterium species. DNAs of clinical strains were rapidly extracted and labeled with photoreactive biotin. Labeled DNAs were distributed into wells of a microdilution plate in which reference DNAs had been immobilized. After 2 h of hybridization, hybridized DNAs were quantitatively detected with peroxidase-conjugated streptavidin and the substrate, tetramethylbenzidine. This method could differentiate among 20 of the 22 Mycobacterium species tested. The type strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and M. bovis were genetically highly related and could not be differentiated by this method. Of 194 biochemically identified human clinical strains, 178 (90%) were genetically identified within 3 h of the small-scale DNA extraction.
XML rule based source code generator for UML CASE tool (2005)

Generating program source code based on a design model using a CASE tool is an important area in forward engineering. The generation of code from a design model is valuable in making developers maintain consistency between a model and its implementation and abating the routine work of writing skeleton source codes. However, implementing code generation with a CASE tool is not simple due to the metadata format, language, and policies of adopting a modeler's option. Because of the continuous introduction of development environments like EJB and COM, the extensibility of CASE tools becomes the principal factor for comparison. We believe that its feasible to generate source code in various languages based on a generation rule. In this paper, we propose an XML based code generation rule and code generator. The proposed rule provides higher level constructs to the developer for describing code generation, and by making the code generator independent of repository format, the increased applicability of the code generator is shown.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Relation to Environmental Pollution: An Investigation in an African-American Community in North Georgia (1997)

The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is not well understood, although gender, race, genetic predisposition, and certain drugs are risk factors. Several environmental exposures have been implicated. In this study, we examined the prevalence and incidence of lupus in an African-American community that experienced long-standing exposures to industrial emissions. We hypothesized that lupus was elevated among residents of a specific community in Gainesville, Georgia. We included both a retrospective cohort study and a cross-sectional study designed to assess the incidence and prevalence, respectively, of lupus. The prevalence of lupus was 3 cases/300 persons (1000/100,000). Compared with the highest reported prevalence, this represents a 6-fold increase. The incidence of lupus was 3 cases/4709 person-years (63.7 cases/100,000 person-years). Compared with the highest reported incidence, this represents a 9-fold increase. The hypothesis that environmental toxins may induce lupus is consistent with the known ability of certain medications to do the same. The results suggest that long-standing exposure to industrial emissions may be associated with an increased risk of lupus.
Contribution of hydrogen production by biological nitrogen fixation to the global hydrogen budget (1980)

Measurements taken at two field stations in Germany have shown that H 2 is evolved from the soil into the atmosphere in the presence of leguminous plants. H 2 evolution rates were found to be dependent on N 2 fixation rates and decreased rapidly when the plants ( Trifolium hybridum ) were topped, kept in darkness, or fertilized with NH 4 Cl. Maximum H 2 evolution rates were observed during the main vegetation period, from April to June, with average rates of 5–7×10 −8 cm 3 cm −2 s −1 . During this period, soil covered with legumes represented a net source of atmospheric H 2 with an estimated global source strength of 0.9–1.2 Tg yr −1 . Assuming that other biological N 2 fixation processes contribute similarly to the global H 2 budget, the total H 2 source due to biological N 2 fixation is estimated to be 2.4–4.9 Tg yr −1 . The average H 2 deposition velocity was found to be 7×10 −2 cm s −1 , resulting in a global H 2 sink strength of soil of 70–110 Tg yr −1 . The global H 2 budget is discussed with respect to its various sources and sinks.
Control and planning for vehicles with uncertainty in dynamics (2010)

This paper describes a motion planning algorithm that accounts for uncertainty in the dynamics of vehicles. This noise is a function of the type of controller employed on the vehicle and the characteristics of the terrain and can cause the robot to deviate from a planned trajectory and collide with obstacles. Our motion planning algorithm finds trajectories that balance the trade-off between conventional performance measures such as time and energy versus safety. The key is a characterization of the vehicle's ability to follow planned paths, which allows the algorithm to explicitly calculate probabilities of successful traversal for different trajectory segments. We illustrate the method with a six-legged Rhex-like robot by experimentally characterizing different gaits (controllers) on different terrains and demonstrating the hexapod navigating a multi-terrain environment.
Biosensors based on release of compounds upon disruption of lipid bilayers supported on porous microspheres (2008)

The authors describe a biosensing concept based on the release of compounds, which are encapsulated within lipid-coated porous silica microspheres, by detergents and toxins that disrupt supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on the microspheres. Suspension and microfluidic based methods have been developed to monitor the release of the encapsulated compounds in response to membrane disruption. The authors established that the SLBs on porous microspheres can endure experimental conditions necessary for their incorporation into packed microchannels while maintaining the bilayer integrity and functionality. Model compounds including a nonionic detergent (Triton X-100), a membrane active protein (alpha-hemolysin), and a membrane lytic antimicrobial peptide (melittin) were successfully utilized to interact with different formulations of SLBs on porous silica microspheres. The results demonstrate the stability of the SLBs on the microspheres for several weeks, and the feasibility of using this system to detect the release of fluorescent dyes as well as other molecular reporters. The latter were detected by their involvement in subsequent biospecific interactions that were detected by fluorescence. This study exemplifies proof of concept for developing new chemical and biochemical sensors and drug delivery systems based on the disruption of lipid membranes coating porous silica microspheres that encapsulate dyes or bioactive compounds.
Exacerbation by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor of prior acute lung injury: Implication of neutrophils (2002)

Objective Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is widely prescribed to hasten recovery from cancer chemotherapy-induced neutropenia and has been reported to induce pulmonary toxicity. However, circumstances and mechanisms of this toxicity remain poorly known. Design To reproduce a routine situation in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, we investigated the mechanisms underlying granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-induced exacerbation of α-naphthylthiourea-related pulmonary edema. Setting Laboratory research unit. Subjects Male specific-pathogen-free Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions The effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor given alone or after α-naphthylthiourea used to induce acute lung injury were investigated. Measurements and Main Results Lung injury was assessed based on neutrophil sequestration (myeloperoxidase activity in lung tissue) and influx into alveolar spaces (bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell quantification) and on edema formation (wet/dry lung weight ratio) and alveolar protein concentration into bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were measured in serum, lung homogenates, and isolated alveolar macrophage supernatants. In control rats, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (25 μg/kg) significantly elevated circulating neutrophil counts without producing alveolar recruitment or pulmonary edema. α-Naphthylthiourea significantly increased the wet/dry lung weight ratio (4.68 ± 0.04 vs. 4.38 ± 0.07 in controls, p = .04) and induced alveolar protein leakage. Adding granulocyte colony-stimulating factor to α-naphthylthiourea exacerbated pulmonary edema, causing neutrophil sequestration in pulmonary vessels, significantly increasing lung myeloperoxidase activity (12.7 ± 2.0 mOD/min/g vs. 1.1 ± 0.4 mOD/min/g with α-naphthylthiourea alone;p < .0001), and increasing proinflammatory cytokine secretion. α-Naphthylthiourea-related pulmonary edema was not exacerbated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia or after lidocaine, which antagonizes neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β concentrations in alveolar macrophage supernatants and lung homogenates were significantly higher with α-naphthylthiourea + granulocyte colony-stimulating factor than with either agent alone, and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α antibodies abolished granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related exacerbation of α-naphthylthiourea-induced pulmonary edema. In rats with cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia, tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations in alveolar macrophage supernatants and lung homogenates were significantly decreased compared with rats without neutropenia. Conclusion Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-related pulmonary toxicity may involve migration of neutrophils to vascular spaces, adhesion of neutrophils to previously injured endothelial cells, and potentiation of proinflammatory cytokine expression.
Binding of 14-3-3 Protein to the Plasma Membrane H+-ATPase AHA2 Involves the Three C-terminal Residues Tyr946-Thr-Val and Requires Phosphorylation of Thr947 (1999)

14-3-3 proteins play a regulatory role in a diverse array of cellular functions such as apoptosis, regulation of the cell cycle, and regulation of gene transcription. The phytotoxin fusicoccin specifically induces association of virtually any 14-3-3 protein to plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase. The 14-3-3 binding site in the Arabidopsis plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase AHA2 was localized to the three C-terminal residues of the enzyme (Tyr(946)-Thr-Val). Binding of 14-3-3 protein to this target was induced by phosphorylation of Thr(947) (K(D) = 88 nM) and was in practice irreversible in the presence of fusicoccin (K(D) = 7 nM). Mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that AHA2 expressed in yeast was phosphorylated at Thr(947). We conclude that the extreme end of AHA2 contains an unusual high-affinity binding site for 14-3-3 protein.
Dynamic changes in the dendritic geometry of individual neurons visualized over periods of up to three months in the superior cervical ganglion of living mice (1986)

We describe a means of visualizing the same neuron in the superior cervical ganglion of young adult mice over intervals of up to 3 months. The dendrites of these neurons change during this interval; some branches retract, others elongate, and still others appear to form de novo. Thus, neuronal dendrites in this part of the nervous system are subject to continual change beyond what is usually considered the developmental period. The remodeling of postsynaptic processes further implies that the synaptic connections made onto these cells undergo substantial rearrangement well into adulthood.
A panoramic video rendering system using a probability mapping method (2011)

We have proposed a panoramic video synthesis method that uses a layered probability mapping method to generate high-quality three-dimensional (3D) images. The method's algorithm required a certain amount of synthesis calculation for estimating the presence of objects within an overall scene. Our scheme handles image regions in an adaptive manner by dividing them into an overlap area and a non -overlap area. It uses a layered probability mapping method to process 3D images in the overlap area and projects the images into the non-overlap area in a position estimated from overlap area information. To speed up the synthesis time, we developed a prototype rendering system that makes use of processing performed by personal computers (PCs). Our method calculates the method's algorithm in a parallel manner, thus providing continuous synthetic images. This requires a smaller amount of synthesis calculation than that of the conventional method.
Predicting the long-term risk of tardive dyskinesia in outpatients maintained on neuroleptic medications. (1993)

One implication of this finding is that patients in the first 5 years of exposure could be targeted for prevention programs if resources are limited. A potential methodological problem encountered when studying chronically exposed patients is that they may have acquired TD (persistent) prior to the study and remitted before entry.
Recombinant Factor VIIa in the Treatment of Bleeding (2004)

Recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) has become available for treating people with hemophilia with inhibitors who experience bleeding or require surgery. It has become apparent that rFVIIa is useful in controlling bleeding in a variety of clinical situations. This review attempts to collate and summarize the nonhemophilia applications of rFVIIa. The theoretical mechanism for the coagulation and hemostatic effects of rFVIIa are discussed. The dosage and clinical administration are described.
[Tumor suppressor gene p53 and molecular targeting therapy]. (2004)

p53 is a molecule which is activated upon a DNA stress, such as gamma irradiation, UV, hypoxia, virus infection, and DNA damage, leading protection of cells by inducing target genes. The molecules activated by p53 induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and DNA repair to conserve genome. In order to kill cancer cells, many strategies targeting p53 have been reported. Preclinical studies have demonstrated that overexpression of wt-p53 by adenovirus vector is capable of inducing apoptosis in cancers. Furthermore, restoration of mt-p53 into wild type by compound has been under development. In this review, clinical application of molecular targeting therapy for p53 is discussed.