gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A micromethod for the in vitro micronucleus assay (1999)

A micromethod for the in vitro micronucleus assay was developed using L5178Y cells to enable the rapid screening of a large number of molecules. The method is quick, simple to perform and needs very small amounts of compound, i.e. <10 mg. In this methodology, three types of treatment were carried out in parallel, enabling an optimal detection of both aneugenic and clastogenic compounds: two treatments without metabolic activation with or without a recovery period after a 24 h continuous treatment and one treatment with metabolic activation by Aroclor 1254-induced rat or hamster liver S9 mix. Seventeen known genotoxins (12 clastogens and five aneugens) and seven known non-genotoxins were tested. The in vitro micronucleus micromethod using L5178Y cells exhibited good sensitivity (16 positive/17 known genotoxins tested) and specificity (7 negative/7 known non-genotoxins tested) for the 24 test compounds studied with or without metabolic activation. Furthermore, this test showed a good correlation with other in vitro micronucleus tests performed using macromethods with various mammalian cell cultures. We conclude that the in vitro micronucleus micromethod with L5178Y cells could be used in the earliest stages of development of new molecules as a preliminary short-term screening assay before starting regulatory tests.
ChemInform Abstract: Free Radical Reactions for Heterocycle Synthesis. Part 4. A Double ipso Substitution Reaction for Azacoumarins. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laser correcting defects to create transparent routing for large area FPGA's (1997)

Creating large area FPGA's is limited by the presence of defective sections. The techniques developed in wafer scale work solve this problem by using defect avoidance routing around flawed blocks to build complete working systems. FPGA's have the main features required for successful defect avoidance systems: a repeatable cell, built in need for switchable flexible routing and high flexibility with potentially large number of applications. Laser formed connections and cuts have proved to be effective in bypassing fabrication time defects and creating defect free working systems up to wafer scale in area. Power shorts and clock distribution errors can effectively be eliminated using these laser links. In addition it is important to minimize signal delays so the bypassing of the defective cells is nearly invisible. Experiments on a small test FPGA shows defect avoidance routing using laser link structures generates delays which are about half those obtained by the active switches required for the FPGA's operation. Thus laser defect avoidance after fabrication removes the errors creating a large area FPGA whose defective cell distribution is nearly unseen by the user.
NBK/BIK antagonizes MCL-1 and BCL-X<sub>L</sub> and activates BAK-mediated apoptosis in response to protein synthesis inhibition (2007)

Ribonucleases, antibiotics, bacterial toxins, and viruses inhibit protein synthesis, which results in apoptosis in mammalian cells. How the BCL-2 family of proteins regulates apoptosis in response to the shutoff of protein synthesis is not known. Here we demonstrate that an Escherichia coli toxin, MazF, inhibited protein synthesis by cleavage of cellular mRNA and induced apoptosis in mammalian cells. MazF-induced apoptosis required proapoptotic BAK and its upstream regulator, the proapoptotic BH3-only protein NBK/BIK, but not BIM, PUMA, or NOXA. Interestingly, in response to MazF induction, NBK/BIK activated BAK by displacing it from anti-apoptotic proteins MCL-1 and BCL-X(L) that sequester BAK. Furthermore, NBK/BIK- or BAK-deficient cells were resistant to cell death induced by pharmacologic inhibition of translation and by virus-mediated shutoff of protein synthesis. Thus, the BH3-only protein NBK/BIK is the apical regulator of a BAK-dependent apoptotic pathway in response to shutoff of protein synthesis that functions to displace BAK from sequestration by MCL1 and BCL-X(L). Although NBK/BIK is dispensable for development, it is the BH3-only protein targeted for inactivation by viruses, suggesting that it plays a role in pathogen/toxin response through apoptosis activation.
Associations of Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors With the Intermediate Lesion of Atherosclerosis in Youth (2000)

The raised fatty streak (fatty plaque) is the gross term for the lesion intermediate between the juvenile (flat) fatty streak and the raised lesion of atherosclerosis. We measured the percentage of intimal surface involved with flat fatty streaks, raised fatty streaks, and raised lesions in the aortas and right coronary arteries of 2876 autopsied persons aged 15 through 34 years who died of external causes. Raised fatty streaks were present in the abdominal aortas of approximately 20% of 15- to 19-year-old subjects, and this percentage increased to approximately 40% for 30- to 34-year-old subjects. Raised fatty streaks were present in the right coronary arteries of approximately 10% of 15- to 19-year-old subjects, and this percentage increased to approximately 30% for 30- to 34-year-old subjects. The percent intimal surface involved with raised fatty streaks increased with age in both arteries and was associated with high non-high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low HDL cholesterol concentrations in the abdominal aorta and right coronary artery, with hypertension in the abdominal aorta, with obesity in the right coronary artery of men, and with impaired glucose tolerance in the right coronary artery. Associations of risk factors with raised fatty streaks became evident in subjects in their late teens, whereas associations of risk factors with raised lesions became evident in subjects aged >25 years. These results are consistent with the putative transitional role of raised fatty streaks and show that coronary heart disease risk factors accelerate atherogenesis in the second decade of life. Thus, long-range prevention of atherosclerosis should begin in childhood or adolescence.
Ca2+ priming during vitamin D-induced monocytic differentiation of a human leukemia cell line. (1988)

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) induces monocytic differentiation of the human promyelocytic leukemia line, HL-60, and enhances Ca2+ transport in target cells of the mineral metabolism system. Hence, we determined whether the steroid's maturational effect on HL-60 involves alterations of intracellular calcium [( Ca2+]i). We found that, as detected by indo-1 fluorescence, [Ca2+]i increases in a slow tonic manner from 99 +/- 11 nM in virgin HL-60 to 182 +/- 19 nM (p less than 0.001) in those treated with 1,25-(OH)2D3 for 24 h. The first apparent rise in [Ca2+]i occurs at between 6 and 12 h and parallels expression of alpha-thrombin and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) receptors. This increase in [Ca2+]i is derived from extracellular calcium as its reduction abolishes the effect. The increase in [Ca2+]i is associated with an increase in inositol trisphosphate-stimulated Ca2+ flux from intracellular stores. Interestingly, 1,25-(OH)2D3-mediated HL-60 differentiation as manifest by expression of the macrophage-specific antigen, 63D3, is not blocked by low extracellular calcium. In contrast, the fMLP-induced superoxide ion generation is diminished if the increase in [Ca2+]i is prevented. Furthermore, fMLP-stimulated signal transduction is also reduced by limiting the stimulation of [Ca2+]i during 1,25-(OH)2D3 treatment. Thus, although differentiation of HL-60 to the monocytic phenotype by 1,25-(OH)2D3 is Ca2+-independent, expression of response to regulatory stimuli requires priming of cellular Ca2+ stores. The latter appears to be induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3 via stimulated Ca2+ entry through the plasma membrane.
Convection-enhanced delivery improves MRI visualization of basal ganglia for stereotactic surgery (2016)

OBJECTIVE Stereotactic deep brain stimulation surgery is most commonly performed while patients are awake. This allows for intraoperative clinical assessment and electrophysiological target verification, thereby promoting favorable outcomes with few side effects. Intraoperative CT and MRI have challenged this concept of clinical treatment validation. Image-guided surgery is capable of delivering electrodes precisely to a planned, stereotactic target; however, these methods can be limited by low anatomical resolution even with sophisticated MRI modalities. The authors are developing a novel method using convection-enhanced delivery to safely manipulate the extracellular space surrounding common anatomical targets for surgery. By altering the extracellular content of deep subcortical structures and their associated white matter tracts, the MRI visualization of the basal ganglia can be improved to better define the anatomy. This technique could greatly improve the accuracy and success of stereotactic surgery, potentially eliminating the reliance on awake surgery. METHODS Observations were made in the clinical setting where vasogenic and cytotoxic edema improved the MRI visualization of the basal ganglia. These findings were replicated in the experimental setting using an FDA-approved intracerebral catheter that was stereotactically inserted into the thalamus or basal ganglia of 7 swine. Five swine were infused with normal saline, and 2 were infused with autologous CSF. Flow rates varied between 1 μl/min to 6 μl/min to achieve convective distributions. Concurrent MRI was performed at 15-minute intervals to monitor the volume of infusion and observe the imaging changes of the deep subcortical structures. The animals were then clinically observed, and necropsy was performed within 48 hours, 1 week, or 1 month for histological analysis. RESULTS In all animals, the white matter tracts became hyperintense on T2-weighted imaging as compared with basal ganglia nuclei, enabling better definition of the deep brain anatomy. The volume of distribution and infusion (Vd/Vi ratio) ranged from 2.5 to 4.5. There were no observed clinical effects from the infusions. Histological analysis demonstrated mild neuronal effects from saline infusions but no effects from CSF infusions. CONCLUSIONS This work provides the initial foundation for a novel approach to improve the visualization of deep brain anatomy during MRI-guided, stereotactic procedures. Convective infusions of CSF alter the extracellular fluid content of the brain for improved MRI without evidence of clinical or toxic effects.
Phase transitions in the pseudogap Anderson and Kondo models:  Critical dimensions, renormalization group, and local-moment criticality (2004)

The pseudogap Kondo problem, describing quantum impurities coupled to fermionic quasiparticles with a pseudogap density of states, rho(omega) ~ |omega|^r, shows a rich zero-temperature phase diagram, with different screened and free moment phases and associated transitions. We analyze both the particle-hole symmetric and asymmetric cases using renormalization group techniques. In the vicinity of r=0, which plays the role of a lower-critical dimension, an expansion in the Kondo coupling is appropriate. In contrast, r=1 is the upper-critical dimension in the absence of particle-hole symmetry, and here insight can be gained using an expansion in the hybridization strength of the Anderson model. As a by-product, we show that the particle-hole symmetric strong-coupling fixed point for r<1 is described by a resonant level model, and corresponds to an intermediate-coupling fixed point in the renormalization group language. Interestingly, the value r=1/2 plays the role of a second lower-critical dimension in the particle-hole symmetric case, and there we can make progress by a novel expansion performed around a resonant level model. The different expansions allow a complete description of all critical fixed points of the models and can be used to compute a variety of properties near criticality, describing universal local-moment fluctuations at these impurity quantum phase transitions.
Efficient sampling algorithm for estimating subgraph concentrations and detecting network motifs (2004)

A software tool for estimating subgraph concentrations and detecting network motifs (mfinder 1.1) and further information is available at http://www.weizmann.ac.il/mcb/UriAlon/
Radar ESM with a what-and-where fusion neural network (2002)

A neural network recognition and tracking system is proposed for classification of radar pulses in autonomous electronic support measure systems. Radar type information is combined with position-specific information from active emitters in a scene. Such a what-and-where fusion strategy is motivated by a similar subdivision of labor in the brain.
A Symmetric Key Based RFID Authentication Protocol Using Encrypted Tag ID (2009)

The RFID technique is spot-lighted as the main technology in ubiquitous era to identify the information of the objects. Because the communication on the RFID system is operated in the wireless, the secure and privacy problems always exist. In this paper, we propose mutual authentication protocol which is good for the low-cost tags based on ECC and AES. By using AES, the protocol could minimize tag resources. Even if the shared key might be opened to the world, the actual tag IDs encrypted by ECC are secure. We verified the security of the protocol using AVISPA.
Low threshold laser-diode side-pumped Tm:YAG and Tm:Ho:YAG lasers (1997)

We report results from transverse laser-diode pumping of Tm:YAG and Tm:Ho:YAG rods. Using two 60-W quasicontinuous-wave laser-diode bars and a special dielectric coating structure on the barrel surface of the laser rod, laser operation was obtained at room temperature with threshold pump energies below 100 mJ and with output pulse energy above 10 mJ in free-running operation and 2 mJ in Q-switched operation. The Tm:Ho:YAG laser was more susceptible to a temperature increase in the material and performed significantly poorer in the Q-switched mode of operation than the Tm:YAG laser. This was predicted by a model accounting for up conversion and the dynamic equilibrium between the upper levels in thulium and holmium in Tm:Ho:YAG.
Detecting MPLS Data Plane Failures in Inter-AS and inter-provider Scenarios (2006)

This document describes a simple and efficient mechanism that can be
used to detect data plane failures in Multi-Protocol Label Switching
Label Switched Paths that extend beyond a single Autonomous System
and/or across multiple Service Provider network boundaries. This
document describes extensions to the existing MPLS LSP Ping protocol
to achieve these goals.
Immunocytochemical localization of ZP3 in primordial follicles of rabbit, marmoset, rhesus monkey and human ovaries using antibodies against human ZP3. (1996)

Active immunization with zona pellucida (ZP) proteins leads to depletion of primordial and recruited follicles in the ovary by a yet unknown mechanism. Small amounts of ZP present on primordial follicles or granulosa cells may be one of the reasons for this ovarian pathology. This study was undertaken in an attempt to identify the presence of ZP in or on primordial follicles and granulosa cells in ovaries of rabbits, common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), rhesus monkeys (Macacas mulatta) and humans. Therefore, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and rabbit and mouse antisera against recombinant human ZP3 (hZP3) were produced. All these antibodies bound to the ZP of native intact human oocytes. Several fixatives have been tested on pieces of rabbit ovaries. With 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde in PBS (4% PFA) followed by paraffin embedding and cryostat sections postfixed with 4% PFA, the most intense staining of ZP with one of the mAbs was obtained and the morphology was well preserved. In humans, besides the ZP, the oocyte cytoplasm and granulosa cells of most primordial and recruited follicles were also stained with these antibodies. In rhesus monkey ovaries, all primordial oocytes were also stained, in addition to some granulosa cells of primary follicles. In marmosets, small dots of immunoreactive ZP were found on 60% of the primordial follicles but granulosa cells were not stained. In rabbits, only minor staining of primordial follicles was observed. After passive immunization of rabbits with mAb 4, antibodies were found on both primordial and recruited follicles. These results clearly show the presence of ZP3 on primordial follicles and in granulosa cells, and this could explain the ZP-induced ovarian pathology after active immunization with ZP3.
An end-to-end domain-driven software development framework (2003)

This paper presents a comprehensive, domain-driven framework for software development. It consists of a meta-programmable domain-specific modeling environment and a model transformation generator toolset based on graph transformations. The framework allows the creation of custom, domain-oriented programming environments that support end-user programmability. In addition, the framework could be considered an early, end-to-end implementation of the concepts advocated by the OMG's Model Driven Architecture initiative.
Topical Dexamethasone-Cyclodextrin Microparticle Eye Drops for Diabetic Macular Edema (2011)

Based on this short pilot study, topical dexamethasone-cyclodextrin eye drops are well tolerated, decrease central macular thickness, and improve visual acuity in DME. The results encourage comparative studies between dexamethasone cyclodextrin microparticle eye drops and other treatments for DME. (http://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr number, UMIN000001790.).
Software as a corporate asset (2000)

Software engineers frequently claim that companies undervalue their software and that they should regard it as a capital asset to be placed on the balance sheet. To a considerable extent, existing accounting regulations permit this but the regulations are only permissive, they do not require it to be treated in this way and, in practice, it rarely is. The author discusses the circumstances in which such treatment is appropriate, both for end user software and for software intended to be traded. The discussion is oriented towards UK accounting practice but some aspects of US practice are briefly described. The author concludes by making some recommendations for the treatment of software on the balance sheet, all of which are consistent with the present regulatory regime; the adoption of these recommendations would lead to more frequent capitalisation of software.
La perception de l'environnement agricole : la Vallée du Sacramento, Californie (1975)

The perception of the agricultural environment : the Sacramento Valley, California. The Sacramento Valley (the northern part of the Californian Great Valley) is nowadays a region with a modern and highly productive agriculture. But, in the previons century when it just started to be exploited, the first observers -pioneers, soldiers, mountainmen -passed contradictory judgments on the agricultural prospects of the region. Some of them were particularly struck by the summer drought, the winter floods and the scarcity of the vegetation. Others had an idea of the tremendous possibilities of an extreme fertile land which required only drainage and irrigation, that is to say technical devices and investments.
Tungsten-Carbon X-ray Multilayered Mirror Prepared by Photo-Chemical Vapor Deposition (1989)

A tungsten-carbon(W/C) X-ray multilayered mirror was prepared by photoinduced chemical vapor deposition (photo-CVD) using a low-pressure mercury lamp and an argon-fluoride (ArF) excimer laser. The 40% reflectivity of this mirror was measured using a small-angle X-ray diffractometer with Cu-Kα radiation. This reflectivity is lower than the theoretical reflectivity of 80%. From observations of the transmission electron micrograph from this multilayered mirror, it seems that the reduction of the reflectivity was caused by the indistinct interfaces of the diffused films, and by the roughness of the films introduced by partial crystallization of the tungsten films.
Towards a more effective method for analyzing mobile eye-tracking data (2011)

In this paper we present the outlines of a new project that aims at developing and implementing effective new methods for analyzing gaze data collected with mobile eye-tracking devices. More specifically, we argue for the integration of object recognition algorithms from vision engineering, such as invariant region matching techniques, in gaze analysis software. We present a series of arguments why an object-based approach may provide a significant surplus, in terms of analytical precision, flexibility, additional application areas and cost efficiency, to the existing systems that use predefined areas of analysis.
Phase noise analysis of fully-integrated digitally-tuned wideband Si/SiGe BiCMOS VCOs (2003)

A 3.4-4.6 GHz fully monolithic voltage-controlled Oscillator (VCO) was designed and manufactured using Silicon Germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology. The large tuning range (33%) and low-phase noise: (-108 dBc/Hz @100 kHz offset at 3.4 GHz) are achieved with a combination of coarse tuning via digital selection of MOSCAPs and analog fine-tuning using P-N junction varactors. Approximately 7-10 dB phase noise degradation at 3 MHz offset is observed as the oscillator is digitally switched from the lowest frequency band to the highest band. The role substrate parasitics play on the behavior of phase noise during digital switching is clarified.
Preparation of Optically Active Allylic Hydroperoxy Alcohols and 1,3-Diols by Enzyme-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution and Photooxygenation of Chiral Homoallylic Alcohols (2000)

All four possible enantiomers of the 3-hydroperoxy-4-penten-1-ols 2a,b and their corresponding 4-pentene-1,3-diols 4a,b have been prepared for the first time in high enantiomeric purity (up to 98% ee) and in preparative amounts according to two distinct ways: First the photooxygenation of the racemic homoallylic alcohols 1 gave the racemic hydroperoxy alcohols 2, which have subsequently been kinetically resolved by horseradish peroxidase (HRP); alternatively, first the lipase-catalyzed resolution afforded the optically active homoallylic alcohols 1 and subsequent photooxygenation led to the enantiomerically enriched hydroperoxy alcohols 2.
The externalized nature of teachers' occupational stress and its association with job satisfaction (1992)

Abstract The dimension of ‘blame’ was explored as part of a conceptual framework for teachers' externalization of occupational stress. It was proposed that teachers allocate principal responsibility for their occupational stress to sources external to the individual. The authors suggest that teachers externalize their dissatisfaction to these (external to self) domains. This hypothesis was explored with a sample (n=111) of teachers in the service of the New South Wales Department of Education, Australia. A survey, composed of multiple items, dealt separately with the phenomena of perceived occupational satisfaction-dissatisfaction and stress. Four stress factors were isolated. These were named: personal, student, school and external (to school). These factors were consistent with the authors' hypothesis that teachers generally externalize blame for their stress. Further examination of the association between the satisfaction factor scores and the stress factor scores revealed significant canonical correlations. The main contributors to the correlation between stress and satisfaction factors were the personal domain (stress) and income (satisfaction) and the school domain (stress) and school culture (satisfaction).