gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analogue modulation performance of 20 GHz directly modulated high-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2010)

The broadband analogue modulation performance of a directly modulated VCSEL is demonstrated. SFDR values greater than 85 dB. Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> at 70°C from 1 to 20 GHz and less than 5.6% EVM with 802.11g signals up to 19 GHz are achieved.
Modern Imaging Technologies in Toxicologic Pathology: An Overview (2006)

Modern imaging technology, now utilized in most biomedical research areas (bioimaging), enables the detection and visualization of biological processes at various levels of the molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ and/or whole body. In toxicologic pathology, the impact of modern imaging technology is becoming apparent from digital histopathology to novel molecular imaging for in vivo studies. This overview summarizes recent progresses in digital microscopy imaging and newly developed digital slide techniques. Applications of virtual microscopy imaging are discussed and compared to traditional optical microscopy reading. New generation digital pathology approaches, including automatic slide inspection, digital slide databases and image management are briefly introduced. Commonly used in vivo preclinical imaging technologies are also summarized. While most of these new imaging techniques are still undergoing rapid development, it is important that toxicologic pathologists embrace and utilize these technologies as advances occur.
13.2 A digital multimode polar transmitter supporting 40MHz LTE Carrier Aggregation in 28nm CMOS (2017)

The evolving trend for increasing data rates in cellular communication systems with limited and fragmented frequency spectrum requires enhanced spectral efficiency of today's and future communication standards. The resulting need for high-order modulation schemes with large peak-to-average power ratio results in stringent requirements on in-channel linearity and SNR. At the same time FDD operation in SAW filter-less designs enforces very demanding limits for out-of-band and spurious emissions. Digital polar TX concepts have demonstrated low power consumption combined with low out-of-band noise in moderate bandwidth applications like WCDMA [1]. However, the implementation of 4G wideband polar systems with 20MHz RF bandwidth and above is very challenging due to the nonlinear conversion from cartesian to polar coordinates extending the effective signal bandwidth even further. A digital quadrature TX concept with up to 80MHz bandwidth, low EVM and moderate power efficiency has been shown in [2]. More than 30% power-added efficiency has been demonstrated in a 20MHz polar TX based on a switched-capacitor digital PA [3]. However, [2,3] suffer from low resolution and limited out-of-band noise performance.
What Is a "Heavy Metal"? (1997)

I asked this question of my introductory chemistry teacher over 50 years ago. He replied rather hesitantly, "A metal that behaves in a heavy metal manner." A vague term requires a vague definition, but just what is a "heavy metal manner"?In my day job I routinely conducted a test for heavy metals, which was and is described (1) as a test for "metallic impurities that are colored by sulfide ion". It may mean different things to different people, but as I have used, heard, and interpreted the term over the last half-century it refers to metals with insoluble sulfides and hydroxides, whose salts produce colored solutions in water, and whose complexes are usually colored.During a project to establish a pre-engineering chemistry curriculum, I found several references to heavy metals, together with two attempts to define them. I consulted a number of chemical dictionaries and found that most did not mention them at all. One (2) defined them as "metals of atomic weight greater than sodium that form soaps on reaction with fatty acids, e.g., aluminum, lead, cobalt." This definition must have been culled from a book about soaps, but clearly is not a useful definition in any other field.Turning to regular dictionaries (as opposed to chemical dictionaries): Webster (3) gives "A metal of high specific gravity; esp: a metal having a specific gravity of 5.0 or over."All the metals that I think of as heavy metals have densities above 5 g/cm3, while no metals with densities below 5 have heavy metal chemistry. This supports Webster's definition, but it is deceptive. Being a heavy metal has little to do with density, but rather concerns chemical properties.The metals that I have seen referred to as heavy metals comprise a block of all the metals in Groups 3 to 16 that are in periods 4 and greater. This seems to be a definition that should be generally useful. It may also be stated as the transition and post-transition metals. These acquired the name heavy metals because they all have high densities, but the usefulness of the term is related to their chemistry, not their density. It is not necessary to decide whether semimetals should be included as heavy metals, which is fortunate, since it is unlikely that any decision would be generally agreeable.The definition in bold type above should serve the needs of most chemists and some others who use the term. When it refers to a musical genre, the user is unlikely to be concerned about its chemical meaning.
Modeling and control of the heart left ventricle supported with a rotary assist device (2008)

A rotary left ventricular assist device (RLVAD) is a mechanical pump implanted in patients with congestive heart failure to assist their left ventricle in pumping blood through the circulatory system. This blood pump is controlled by varying the rotor speed to adjust the amount of blood flow pumped into the circulatory system. If the patient is in a health care facility, the pump speed can be adjusted manually by a trained clinician to meet the patient¿s blood needs depending on his or her activity level. However, an important challenge facing the increased use of the RLVAD is the desire to allow the patient to return home. The development of an appropriate feedback controller that is capable of automatically adjusting the pump speed is therefore a crucial step in meeting this challenge. In order to be able to develop such a controller an appropriate dynamic mathematical model of the combined cardiovascular system and RLVAD must first be developed. In this paper, we review progress on a state space model for this system that can be used to develop the controller. The model is 6th order, nonlinear, and time-varying and is a combination of a 5th order model of the left ventricle and circulatory system and a 1st order model of the RLVAD along with its inlet and outlet cannulae. The entire combined system is controlled by the rotational speed of the pump. Using this model we will discuss some of the challenges faced in the development of a useful feedback controller for this system. We will also present some preliminary results on a simple partial state feedback controller whose purpose is to prevent the occurrence of a dangerous phenomenon called ventricular suction.
The cannabis withdrawal syndrome (2006)

A clinically important withdrawal syndrome associated with cannabis dependence has been established. Additional research must determine how cannabis withdrawal affects cessation attempts and the best way to treat its symptoms.
Emerging drugs for osteoarthritis (2011)

More in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease, as well as elucidation of the link between clinical symptomatology and structural changes in the joint will likely lead to the development of novel target classes with promising efficacy in the future. Efficacy notwithstanding, there remain significant hurdles to overcome in clinical development of these therapeutics, inherent in the progression pattern of the disease as well as challenges with readouts for both pain and structure modification trials.
Synthesis and conformational analysis of isomeric 3‐propananilidotropanes (1977)

Abstract The isomeric 3‐anilino and 3‐propananilidotropanes have been synthesized and obtained in isomerically pure form. The configurations and solute conformations of these isomers were studied via glc and nrar analysis. The 3β‐isomers have been shown to exist in the normal piper‐idine chair conformation whereas the 3α‐anilino tropane exists in a flattened piperidine chair conformation and the 3α‐propananilidotropane isomer preferentially exists in a conformation in which the piperidine ring system is a boat.
Optimization of symbol mappings for bit-interleaved coded Modulation with iterative decoding (2003)

We investigate bit-interleaved coded modulation with iterative decoding (BICM-ID) for bandwidth efficient transmission, where the bit error rate is reduced through iterations between a multilevel demapper and a simple channel decoder. In order to achieve a significant turbo-gain, the assignment strategy of the binary indices to signal points is crucial. We address the problem of finding the most suitable index assignments to arbitrary, high order signal constellations. A new method based on the binary switching algorithm is proposed that finds optimized mappings outperforming previously known ones.
Increased Plasma Thrombomodulin as a Vascular Endothelial Cell Marker in Patients With Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura and Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (2001)

Several hemostatic and vascular endothelial cell markers were measured in 39 patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)/hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) and in 20 healthy volunteers to examine the relationship between the occurrence of hemostatic abnormality or vascular endothelial cell injury and patient outcome. The plasma levels of von Willebrand factor, tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1), and the TPA-PAI-1 complex were significantly increased in TTP/HUS patients; however, the levels of these markers were not significantly different between TTP/HUS patients who survived and those who died, suggesting that these markers might not be directly related to outcome. The plasma levels of soluble granule membrane protein (GMP)-140 were significantly higher in TTP/HUS patients than in healthy volunteers, suggesting that platelets and vascular endothelial cells are activated or injured in TTP/HUS. There was no significant difference in GMP-140 levels between TTP/HUS patients with good and poor prognoses; this may be owing to the release of GMP-140 from platelets. The plasma thrombomodulin (TM) levels in TTP/HUS patients were significantly higher than in healthy volunteers; the plasma TM levels were significantly higher in patients who died than in patients who survived. These findings showed that TM levels reflect the outcome and that the outcome of TTP/HUS depends on the presence vascular endothelial cell injury. The plasma protein C and antithrombin levels were markedly reduced in TTP/HUS patients who died compared with those who survived. These findings suggest that reduced plasma antithrombin and protein C may be useful markers of systemic vascular endothelial injury. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that the outcome of TTP/HUS is related to vascular endothelial cell injury and that plasma TM, antithrombin, and protein C levels may be useful markers of systemic vascular endothelial cell injury.
Interfacial roughness and related scatter in ultraviolet optical coatings: a systematic experimental approach (1998)

For a variety of UV optical coatings, surface roughness was measured by use of an atomic-force microscope (AFM) to study its dependence on the film material and thickness, coating design, and deposition process. After analyzing the corresponding power spectral density functions, we propose a simple classification model for coatings according to the contributions of substrate roughness and intrinsic film roughness to the scattering. Results of scattering measurements on different types of coatings are presented and are found to be in good agreement with predictions based on the AFM data. Consequences for a scatter reduction strategy are discussed.
Factors affecting the use of monomolecular surface films to control oil pollution on water (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFactors affecting the use of monomolecular surface films to control oil pollution on waterWilliam D. Garrett and William R. BargerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1970, 4, 2, 123–127Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60037a006https://doi.org/10.1021/es60037a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views233Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Shortest Path to Happiness: Recommending Beautiful, Quiet, and Happy Routes in the City (2014)

When providing directions to a place, web and mobile mapping services are all able to suggest the shortest route. The goal of this work is to automatically suggest routes that are not only short but also emotionally pleasant. To quantify the extent to which urban locations are pleasant, we use data from a crowd-sourcing platform that shows two street scenes in London (out of hundreds), and a user votes on which one looks more beautiful, quiet, and happy. We consider votes from more than 3.3K individuals and translate them into quantitative measures of location perceptions. We arrange those locations into a graph upon which we learn pleasant routes. Based on a quantitative validation, we find that, compared to the shortest routes, the recommended ones add just a few extra walking minutes and are indeed perceived to be more beautiful, quiet, and happy. To test the generality of our approach, we consider Flickr metadata of more than 3.7M pictures in London and 1.3M in Boston, compute proxies for the crowdsourced beauty dimension (the one for which we have collected the most votes), and evaluate those proxies with 30 participants in London and 54 in Boston. These participants have not only rated our recommendations but have also carefully motivated their choices, providing insights for future work.
Dynamical magnetostructural properties of <i>Anabaena</i> ferredoxin (2007)

A mixed quantum/classical investigation of the dynamical magnetostructural properties, that is, "magnetodynamics," of oxidized Anabaena PCC7119 ferredoxin is carried out at room temperature in two distinct conformational states. This protein hosts a [2Fe-2S] cluster in which two iron centers are antiferromagnetically coupled to an overall low-spin electronic ground state that has a genuine multireference character. To study the magnetodynamics of this prosthetic group, an approximate spin projection method is formulated in the framework of density functional theory that allows for multideterminant ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to be carried out efficiently. By using this scheme, the influence of both thermal fluctuations and conformational motion on the structure of the [2Fe-2S] cluster and on the dynamics of the antiferromagnetic coupling constant, J(t), has been investigated. In addition to demonstrating how sensitively the shape of the [2Fe-2S] core itself is affected by hydrogen bonding, the analyses reveal a complex dynamical coupling of J to both local vibrations and large-amplitude motion. It is shown that this interplay can be understood in terms of specific vibrational modes and distinct hydrogen-bonding patterns between the iron-sulfur cluster and the protein backbone, respectively. This implies going beyond the Goodenough-Kanamori rules for angular magnetostructural correlations of oxidized iron-sulfur prosthetic groups.
CREME96: A Revision of the Cosmic Ray Effects on Micro-Electronics Code (1997)

CREME96 is an update of the Cosmic Ray on Micro-Electronics code, a widely-used suite of programs for creating numerical models of the ionizing-radiation environment in near-Earth orbits and for evaluating radiation effects in spacecraft. CREME96, which is now available over the World-Wide Web (WWW) at http://crsp3.nrl.navy.mil/creme96/, has many significant features, including: (1) improved models of the galactic cosmic ray, anomalous cosmic ray, and solar energetic particle ("flare") components of the near-Earth environment; (2) improved geomagnetic transmission calculations; (3) improved nuclear transport routines; (4) improved single-event upset (SEU) calculation techniques, for both proton-induced and direct-ionization-induced SEUs; and (5) an easy-to-use graphical interface, with extensive on-line tutorial information. In this paper we document some of these improvements.
Synthesis of arylphosphonous dichlorides, diarylphosphinous chlorides, and 1,6-diphosphatriptycene from elemental phosphorus (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of arylphosphonous dichlorides, diarylphosphinous chlorides, and 1,6-diphosphatriptycene from elemental phosphorusKurt G. WeinbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 24, 3586–3589Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00912a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00912a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views617Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
One-Step Synthesis of Hierarchical Cantaloupe-like AlOOH Superstructures via a Hydrothermal Route (2008)

Hierarchical cantaloupe-like and hollow microspherical AlOOH superstructures were successfully synthesized on a large scale via a one-step hydrothermal route. The as-obtained superstructures were characterized by several techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and nitrogen adsorption/desorption measurement. The as-obtained superstructures, consisting of closely packed nanorods in an ordered fashion, have an average horizontal axis of ca. 2.5 µm and a longitudinal axis of ca. 1.5 µm. The as-obtained cantaloupe-like AlOOH superstructures have Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of about 55.5 m2/g. The possible formation mechanism of the cantaloupe-like AlOOH superstructures is proposed and discussed.
The Novel Improvement of Low Dielectric Constant Methylsilsesquioxane by  N 2 O  Plasma Treatment (1999)

The organic silsesquioxanne, methylsilsesquioxanne (MSQ), has a low dielectric constant because of its lower film density compared to thermal oxide. However, the quality of MSQ film is degraded by the damage of oxygen plasma and hygroscopic behavior during photoresist stripping. In this work, we studied the plasma treatment for improving the quality of MSQ. The leakage current of MSQ decreases as the plasma treatment time is increased. The dielectric constant of plasma‐treatment sample remains constant (∼2.7). In addition, the thermal stability of MSQ film can be enhanced. The role of plasma is to convert the surface layer of organic MSQ into organic type by decomposition of the alkyl group and thus form a passivation layer. The inert passivation layer enhances the resistance to moisture uptake and plasma attack. Therefore, plasma‐treatment greatly improves the quality of low k MSQ film and removes the issue of photoresist stripping in the integrated process. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A cytochrome P‐450 gene family mapped to human chromosome 19 (1985)

We have recently isolated a cloned cDNA coding for a cytochrome P-450 of human liver microsomal membranes, which corresponds to a major phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 of rat liver. This human cytochrome P-450 is encoded by a member of a multigene family. DNA extracted from a panel of 12 independent human-rodent somatic cell hybrids was analysed by Southern blot hybridization with the cloned cDNA. The results indicate that all components of this cytochrome P-450 gene family are located on chromosome 19. Evidence from hybrids derived from an individual carrying a balanced translocation suggests a regional localization of 19p13.2----qter. Analysis of human metaphase chromosomes by in situ hybridization localizes this cytochrome P-450 gene family further to the long arm of chromosome 19 in the region q13.1----qter. We propose the designation P450PB for this locus.
A design for an electronically-steerable holographic antenna with polarization control (2015)

We present a design for an electronic-steerable holographic antenna with polarization control composed of a radial array of Ku-band, electronically-steerable, surface-wave waveguide (SWG) artificial-impedance-surface antennas (AISA). The antenna operates by launching surface waves into each of the SWGs via a central feed network. The surface-wave impedance is electronically controlled with varactor-tuned impedance patches. The impedance is adjusted to scan the antenna in elevation, azimuth and polarization. The radial symmetry allows for 360° azimuthal steering. If constructed with previously-demonstrated SWG AISAs, it is capable of scanning in elevation from -75° to 75° with gain variation of less than 3 dB. The polarization can be switched among V-Pol, H-Pol, LHCP and RHCP at will.