gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separability and Pension Optimization (2006)

The Separation or Mutual Fund Theorem of finance theory is extended to the case surplus optimization, which is relevant for defined-benefit pension plans and others. While Separation theorems in the standard case have limited empirical applications, separation results in the surplus-optimization case are directly relevant to real-world pension management, because one of the “bases” of the surplus-efficient frontier is the full hedge of the pension plan9s liabilities. Surplus-optimal or –efficient portfolios can be expressed as combinations of the full liability hedge and exposure in the overlay with maximum Sharpe ratio. Optimal pension allocation is thus analogous to management of a portable alpha strategy with a “beta” equal to plan liabilities. Our results also indicate that the difference in portfolio weights between asset-optimal (standard) and surplus-optimal efficient frontiers is constant across those respective frontiers, so that the impact of moving from an asset-optimal to a surplus-optimal framework is independent of target returns or risk tolerance. Finally, we explore the details of the full liability-hedge portfolio. In a number of relevant cases, there is no presumption that a dollar of liabilities can be fully-hedged with a dollar of assets, which gives rise to the concept of an effective funding ratio for a pension plan. <b>TOPICS:</b>Long-term/retirement investing, pension funds
Multiscale modelling for target detection in complex synthetic aperture radar imagery (1999)

Multiscale models can be used to capture the scale dependent behaviour of the statistics in radar imagery. This behaviour is expected to be different for different types of natural background, and for different objects of interest such as vehicles. We demonstrate that discrimination between two types of natural background in SAR imagery is possible using multiscale autoregressive and multiscale autoregressive moving average models. This result can be exploited in adaptive algorithms for automated target detection.
Structure and Mechanical Properties of Poly(D,L-lactic acid)/Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blends (2003)

A series of blends of the biodegradable polymers poly(D,L-lactic acid) and poly( epsilon -caprolactone) were prepared by varying mass fraction across the range of compositions. Tensile testing was performed at room temperature using an extensometer and the elastic modulus was calculated for each blend. The blends were also tested to failure, and the strain-at-failure and yield stress recorded. While the blend has been shown to have a lower critical solution temperature, the mechanical properties were insensitive to the annealing conditions. Scanning electron microscopy was used to characterize the blend microstructure and poor adhesion was observed at the interface between blend components. Differential scanning calorimetry was performed but the results were somewhat variable, indicating this blend may have complex phase behavior that depends sensitively on the method of preparation. However, nuclear magnetic resonance data indicate the two components are phase separated. A percolation model is used to explain the observed mechanical data and the results are consistent with the predictions of the Kerner-Uemura-Takayangi model. The results of these experiments demonstrate the utility of polymer blending in tuning material properties.
<title>Next generation photoactivated light valve projection systems</title> (1995)

A great deal of effort has been directed to the production of large area, high pixel density, high brightness displays systems. Hughes Aircraft (Carlsbad), who continues the work under the Hughes/JVC joint venture, has been and continues to be a leader in this field. This class of display uses projection of images from a reflective mode liquid crystal under the control of a photoactivated panel. Alternate means for reaching the same goal are being explored in a number of laboratories. Many designs use a matrix of transistors or scanned row and column electrodes coupled to a liquid crystal modulator. They are used either in a transmissive, or under development, reflective mode. The leader in this field is Sharp Corporation. LighTouch Systems is taking the approach of using the photoactivated reflective mode approach, similar to Hughes. However, the internal structure developed by LighTouch Systems recognizes the need for a more efficient structure in coupling the source image to the liquid crystal modulator. In particular, an internal structure that is in essence a phototransistor, rather than a photodiode, will support sensitivities, resolutions, and speeds that are a marked improvement over existing designs. These advances are critical for low cost, simple and effective large screen projection systems.
An Overview of the Architecture of an Autonomous Radio (2004)

This article is an overview of the architecture of an autonomous radio that can receive a signal without much a priori knowledge about its defining characteristics. We show that this may be accomplished by estimating and classifying the relevant properties directly from the observed signal, enabling the receiver to configure itself. We describe the function of each estimator/classifier module and how the modules can interact to ultimately recover the transmitted message. I.
Safety and Efficacy of High-Dose Interleukin-2 Therapy in Patients With Brain Metastases (2002)

The authors determined the safety and efficacy of recombinant high-dose interleukin-2 administration in patients with brain metastases. This retrospective review included 1,069 patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma who received high-dose interleukin-2 alone or in combination with other immunotherapy or chemotherapy from July 1985-July 2000. All patients were evaluated for both toxicity and response. Only the first exposure to interleukin-2 was considered. Parameters evaluated among the groups included toxicity profiles, reasons for stopping treatment, number of interleukin-2 doses per cycle, and response to therapy. Three patient groups were compared. Group I (n = 27) comprised patients with previously treated brain metastases (surgery or radiation), group 2 (n = 37) comprised patients with untreated brain metastases, and group 3 (n = 1,005) comprised patients without brain metastases. For most comparisons between patients with brain metastases and those without, no significant differences were noted in toxicity profiles or reasons for stopping interleukin-2 therapy. Patients with previously treated brain metastases received fewer interleukin-2 doses per cycle (median, 6.5) than patients with previously untreated brain metastases (median, 7.5) or patients without brain metastases (median, 7.5). Patients with previously treated brain metastases demonstrated an 18.5% overall clinical response to interleukin-2 treatment. However, patients with evaluable (previously untreated) brain metastases had an overall 5.6% response rate, which was less than the 19.8% response rate of patients without brain metastases. Two of thirty-six patients with evaluable brain metastases demonstrated objective regression of intracranial and extracranial disease after receiving interleukin-2. Carefully selected patients with brain metastases can safely receive high-dose interleukin-2, and some can experience a response to treatment at intracranial and extracranial disease sites.
Potent and Selective Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by <i>N</i><sup>ω</sup>-Propyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginine (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTPotent and Selective Inhibition of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by Nω-Propyl-l-arginineHenry Q. Zhang, Walter Fast, Michael A. Marletta, Pavel Martasek, and Richard B. SilvermanView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, Interdepartmental Program in Medicinal Chemistry and Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, and Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78284-7760 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 24, 3869–3870Publication Date (Web):November 21, 1997Publication History Received15 August 1997Published online21 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm970550ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm970550grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1077Altmetric-Citations167LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Inhibition,Inhibitors,Oxides,Peptides and proteins,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Murine monoclonal antibodies neutralizing the cytotoxic activity of diphtheria toxin. (2008)

In this study, murine monoclonal antibodies that specifically bound to the A and B subunits of diphtheria toxin (DT) were produced by conventional hybridoma technology using the spleens of BALB/c mice immunized with diphtheria DTP vaccine and CRM197. Monoclonal antibodies specific to the A subunit, i.e. clone AC5, as well as those specific to the B subunit, i.e. clone BB7, could neutralize the DT-mediated cytotoxicity to Vero cells in microcultures. The DT neutralizing mechanisms have yet to be determined. The MAbBB7 is hypothesized to either interfere with the DT receptor binding or with the pore forming function of the T domain of the B subunit. The MAbAC5 could neutralize the DT mediated cytotoxicity when mixed with the DT before adding to the Vero cell culture thus suggesting that the antibody interfered with the translocation of the A subunit. The A subunit-antibody complex might be too large to pass through the membrane channel formed by the T domain and thus prevent the accessibility of the A subunit to the cytosolic target. It is also possible that the MAb AC5 blocked the enzymatic active site of the enzyme catalytic subunit. While further experiments are needed to localize the epitopes of the two MAbs on the holo-DT in order to reveal the DT neutralizing mechanisms, both MAbs in their humanized forms have a high potential as human therapeutic antibodies for diphtheria.
Les fondations en milieu lacustre : aspects techniques et culturels au Néolithique et à l'Âge du bronze (1979)

Magny Michel. Les fondations en milieu lacustre : aspects techniques et culturels au Neolithique et a l'Âge du bronze. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 5, 1979. pp. 7-22.
Reduced risk of all-cancer and solid cancer in Taiwanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor (2017)

Biologics has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We aimed to determine whether etanercept, a TNF-α inhibitor (TNFi) that is used to treat patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), affects cancer risk.This retrospective matched cohort study used data in the Registry of Catastrophic Illness Database in Taiwan from January 1, 1996 to December 31, 2010. RA, all-cancer, and solid cancer were defined using International Classification of Disease codes (ICD-9-CM 714.X, 140-208, and 140-199, respectively). Cox proportional hazard modeling was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of cancer in all TNFi-treated RA patients, with a focus on the risk in the etanercept-treated patients, after adjusting for comorbidities and concomitant medication.In this Taiwanese dataset, there were 1111 TNFi-treated RA patients and 16,812 RA patients who were naive to all biologics identified. Among the 1002 pairs of etanercept-treated and biologic-naive patients who were matched 1-to-1 for age, gender, RA duration, methotrexate-use, and index date of TNFi prescription, the mean age was 48.9 ± 15.0 years. The highest proportion of patients was in the age subgroup of 30 to 60 years (63.8%). Most patients (77.2%) were women. The mean RA duration before etanercept treatment was 2.0 ± 1.5 years. During a mean 2.1 years of observation, etanercept was associated with significant risk reduction for all-cancer (HR 0.59, 0.36-0.98) and solid cancer (HR 0.46, 0.27-0.79) relative to the matched biologic-naive patients.The current study explored the safety profile of TNFi and identified a potential benefit of etanercept on the incidence of all-cancer and solid cancer in RA patients.
The second decade of experience with the umbilical vein graft for lower-limb revascularization (1995)

Some 20 years have elapsed since the initial concept and development of the human umbilical vein graft. Experience with 1074 umbilical vein grafts forms the basis of this report as the indications for this prosthesis have been refined and its performance defined. In 1988, the author and colleagues published their 10-year experience with umbilical vein which described the results of 907 bypasses constructed in 715 patients (799 limbs). Over the past 5 years, the use of umbilical vein has decreased because of a commitment to autologous saphenous vein. A total of 167 additional umbilical vein bypasses were performed at Englewood Hospital and Medical Center between 1985 and June 1993. Secondary patency rates for popliteal and crural reconstructions at 5 years showed a trend of continuous improvement--65% and 45% respectively compared with 57% and 33% as reported during the first decade of experience. Rates of infection, stenosis and pseudoaneurysm decreased and only two aneurysms have been discovered during this period. Umbilical vein is an acceptable alternative to the absent or deficient autologous vein. Patency rates are second only to autologous vein rates and the fear of failure due to aneurysm formation has not only been overstated, but also significantly exaggerated.
Validation of an epigenetic field of susceptibility to detect significant prostate cancer from non-tumor biopsies (2019)

Abstract Background An epigenetic field of cancer susceptibility exists for prostate cancer (PC) that gives rise to multifocal disease in the peripheral prostate. In previous work, genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identified altered regions in the normal prostate tissue of men with PC. In the current multicenter study, we examined the predictive strength of a panel of loci to detect cancer presence and grade in patients with negative biopsy tissue. Results Four centers contributed benign prostate biopsy tissues blocks from 129 subjects that were either tumor associated (TA, Grade Group [GG] ≥ 2, n = 77) or non-tumor associated (NTA, n = 52). Biopsies were analyzed using pyrosequencing for DNA methylation encompassing CpG loci near CAV1 , EVX1 , FGF1 , NCR2 , PLA2G16 , and SPAG4 and methylation differences were detected within all gene regions ( p < 0.05). A multiplex regression model for biomarker performance incorporating a gene combination discriminated TA from NTA tissues (area under the curve [AUC] 0.747, p = 0.004). A multiplex model incorporating all the above genes and clinical information (PSA, age) identified patients with GG ≥ 2 PC (AUC 0.815, p < 0.0001). In patients with cancer, increased variation in gene methylation levels occurs between biopsies across the prostate. Conclusions A widespread epigenetic field defect is utilized to detect GG ≥ 2 PC in patients with histologically negative biopsies. These alterations in non-tumor cells display increased heterogeneity of methylation extent and are spatially distant from tumor foci. These findings have the potential to decrease the need for repeated prostate biopsy.
Graph Run-Length Matrices for Histopathological Image Segmentation (2010)

The histopathological examination of tissue specimens is essential for cancer diagnosis and grading. However, this examination is subject to a considerable amount of observer variability as it mainly relies on visual interpretation of pathologists. To alleviate this problem, it is very important to develop computational quantitative tools, for which image segmentation constitutes the core step. In this paper, we introduce an effective and robust algorithm for the segmentation of histopathological tissue images. This algorithm incorporates the background knowledge of the tissue organization into segmentation. For this purpose, it quantifies spatial relations of cytological tissue components by constructing a graph and uses this graph to define new texture features for image segmentation. This new texture definition makes use of the idea of gray-level run-length matrices. However, it considers the runs of cytological components on a graph to form a matrix, instead of considering the runs of pixel intensities. Working with colon tissue images, our experiments demonstrate that the texture features extracted from "graph run-length matrices" lead to high segmentation accuracies, also providing a reasonable number of segmented regions. Compared with four other segmentation algorithms, the results show that the proposed algorithm is more effective in histopathological image segmentation.
Simple planar structure for high-performance AlInAs avalanche photodiodes (2005)

We demonstrate a high-performance AlInAs avalanche photodiode (APD) based on a novel planar diode concept. The APD features a simple planar structure without a guardring, which simplifies production making it more like a PIN photodiode process. Measured device characteristics designed for 10-Gb/s use were a dark current of 0.16 μA, responsivity of 0.88 A/W, and a gain-bandwidth product of 120 GHz. Reliability was guaranteed by an aging test exceeding 2400 h, whose conditions were a reverse dark current of 100 μA at 175/spl deg/C. These features and performance indicate that the AlInAs APD is highly practical.
Molecular Properties of the ???Ideal??? Inhaled Anesthetic (1994)

We examined 35 unfluorinated, partially fluorinated, and perfluorinated methanes, ethanes, propanes, and butanes to define those molecular properties that best correlated with optimum solubility (low) and potency (high). Limited additional data were obtained on longer-chained alkanes. Using standard techniques, we assessed anesthetic potency (minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC] in rats); vapor pressure; stability in soda lime; and solubility in saline, human blood, and oil. If nonflammability, stability, low solubility in blood, clinically useful vapor pressures, and potency permitting delivery of high concentrations of oxygen are essential components of an anesthetic that might supplant those presently available, our data indicate that such a drug would have three or four carbon atoms with single or dual hydrogenation of two carbons, especially terminal carbons. We conclude that: 1) smaller and larger molecules and lesser hydrogenation provide insufficient potency; 2) high vapor pressures of smaller molecules do not permit the use of variable bypass vaporizers; 3) greater hydrogenation enhances flammability, and complete hydrogenation decreases potency; 4) internal hydrogenation decreases stability; and 5) greater hydrogenation increases blood solubility.
Maximizing the Spread of Positive Influence in Online Social Networks (2013)

Online social networks (OSNs) provide a new platform for product promotion and advertisement. Influence maximization problem arisen in viral marketing has received a lot of attentions recently. Most of the existing diffusion models rely on one fundamental assumption that an influenced user necessarily adopts the product and encourages his/her friends to further adopt it. However, an influenced user may be just aware of the product. Due to personal preference, neutral or negative opinion can be generated so that product adoption is uncertain. Maximizing the total number of influenced users is not the uppermost concern, instead, letting more activated users hold positive opinions is of first importance. Motivated by above phenomenon, we proposed a model, called Opinion-based Cascading (OC) model. We formulate an opinion maximization problem on the new model to take individual opinion into consideration as well as capture the change of opinions at the same time. We show that under the OC model, opinion maximization is NP-hard and the objective function is no longer submodular. We further prove that there does not exist any approximation algorithm with finite ratio unless P=NP. We have designed an efficient algorithm to compute the total positive influence based on this new model. Comprehensive experiments on real social networks are conducted, and results show that previous methods overestimate the overall positive influence, while our model is able to distinguish between negative opinions and positive opinions, and estimate the overall influence more accurately.
Self-templated synthesis of hierarchical mesoporous SnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets for selective CO<sub>2</sub> reduction (2018)

Mesoporous SnO<sub>2</sub> nanosheets from the self-templated synthesis enables active and selective CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to formate.
Instrumentation for Invasive and Non-Invasive Microwave Hyperthermia of Brain Tumors (2005)

Nineteen patients with malignant brain tumors who had failed to respond to conventional therapies were treated with invasive thermotherapy. In the last four of these patients the thermotherapy was combined with brachytherapy. Hyperthermic temperatures (-43 °C) were induced in the tumors using microwaves at a frequency of 2450 MHz that were guided into the tumors by one or more semi-rigid coaxial applicators. The feasibility of non-invasively heating malignant brain tumors that are located close to the skull is being investigated. A microwave lens that can concentrate 915 MHz microwave power into small tissue volumes shows promise of being clinically useful.
A rapid photometric procedure for the determination of thiamine with 6-aminothymol (1957)

K. J. Hayden, Analyst, 1957, 82, 61 DOI: 10.1039/AN9578200061