gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of the rat glutathione peroxidase gene (1992)

The increased activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) in rat lungs is associated with the development of tolerance of the animals to hyperoxia. To understand further the regulation of expression of this enzyme, the molecular structure of the corresponding rat gene was characterized. The rat GSHPx gene consists of two exons interrupted by a single intron of 217 base pairs. The same initiation sites for transcription were found to be utilized in both lung and liver. The promoter of the GSHPx gene contains neither a ‘TATA’ box nor a ‘CAAT’ box. Instead, it comprises two copies of Sp1 binding motif and one copy of AP‐2 binding motif. These features of the promoter may offer a clue to the mechanisms by which the expression of this gene is controlled.
Dissolve transition detection algorithm using spatio-temporal distribution of MPEG macro-block types (poster session) (2000)

Almost every shot change detection algorithm detects abrupt transition (hard cut) without difficulty, but gradual transitions such as fades, dissolves, wipes are left as hard-to-detect problems. Dissolve effect, among the various gradual transition effects, is one of the most frequently used shot transition methods with special semantic meaning such as scene transition. Information of the shot change type can also be the basis for the shot clustering algorithms. In this paper, we present a fast and effective dissolve-transition detection algorithm based on the spatio-temporal distribution of the macro block pipes in MPEG-compressed video. In the proposed algorithm, the ratio of forward macro blocks in the B-type frames and the spatial distribution of forward/backward macro blocks are utilized for detecting dissolve transition. After finding such sequence of frames, we apply 2 heuristic rules: (1) The global color distributions of the frames at which dissolve starts and terminates are very different, and (2) The duration of dissolve transition is typically more than 0.3 second.
Theophylline radioimmunoassay: synthesis of antigen and characterization of antiserum. (1976)

Antisera to theophylline (T) have been obtained by immunizing rabbits with a conjugate of 8-(3-carboxypropyl)-1,3-dimethylxanthine and bovine serum albumin. Comparison of 50% displacement values indicated good selectivity for T vs. a number of other xanthine derivatives. An analytical procedure using this antiserum can measure 200 pg of T and direct analysis of 0.1 mug/ml in plasma or 0.02 mug/ml in saliva is feasible.
Automatic N (h, t) Profiles of the Isonosphere With a Digital Ionosonde (1972)

A method is described to accomplish automatic data selection and profile inversion to obtain ionospheric electron‐density profiles from digitized radio soundings. The profile inversion is based upon the well‐established formulation of Paul [1960] by which the optimum radio‐frequency sounding intervals can be specified from an approximate knowledge of the profile. The expected virtual height coordinates (h') at these frequencies (ƒ) are likewise estimated, and procedures are then used to select h'(ƒ) observations nearest the predicted coordinates from a subsequent digital ionogram. From these the next profile is obtained. The process adaptively follows the changing shape and detail of the profile. The procedure requires an average of 20 sec per profile on a standard data‐processing computer and can be adapted, with benefit to on‐line real‐time use in our ‘dynasonde,’ digital ionosonde.
Cake-Enhanced Concentration Polarization:  A New Fouling Mechanism for Salt-Rejecting Membranes (2003)

Results from well-controlled colloidal fouling experiments with reverse osmosis (RO) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes suggest the existence of a new source of flux decline for salt-rejecting membranes-cake-enhanced osmotic pressure. The physical mechanisms leading to this enhanced osmotic pressure are a combination of hindered back-diffusion of salt ions and altered cross-flow hydrodynamics within colloidal deposit layers, which lead to an enhanced salt concentration polarization layer. A model that accounts for both hindered diffusion of salt ions and altered hydrodynamics within colloidal deposit ("cake") layers is presented. The model successfully links permeate flux and salt rejection to cake-enhanced concentration polarization and provides new insight into the mechanisms through which salt-rejecting membranes foul. Experimental data support the model calculations and highlight the role of enhanced concentration polarization phenomena in the performance (i.e., water flux and salt rejection) of polymeric thin-film composite RO/NF membranes in environmental applications.
Improving module temperature measurements using averaging resistive temperature devices (2016)

Determination of module temperature coefficients for voltage, current and power requires measuring the average of cell temperatures. Conventional practice is to place thermocouples or resistive temperature devices (RTDs) at a few locations on a module's back surface and to average the readings, which may not accurately represent the average temperature over all cells. We investigate the suitability of averaging RTDs, which measure average temperature along a 1m length, to accurately measure the average cell temperature when determining temperature coefficients outdoors.
Deriving Power Spectra from a Three-Component Sonic Anemometer (1968)

The paper describes the general characteristics of a non-orthogonal sonic anemometer array. The effects of line-averaging and spatial separation (between mid-points of the horizontal paths) are analyzed and spatial transfer functions are derived for power spectra of the longitudinal, lateral and vertical velocity components. While line-averaging always causes spectral attenuation at wavenumbers larger than 1/l (where l is the sonic path length), spatial separation produces cross-contamination between the horizontal velocity spectra at wavenumbers exceeding 1/d (where d is the separation distance). For an array with a 120° angle between the horizontal sonic paths the net effect of this cross-contamination is to overestimate the longitudinal velocity spectrum and underestimate the lateral velocity spectrum. The separation distance which yields maximum flatness in the transfer function for the longitudinal component is found to be 0.6 l. Also discussed are the effects of aliasing and long-term trends on the shape of the computed spectrum and spectral correction for the spatial transfer function in the context of these effects.
Pseudophakic Cystoid Macular Edema (2011)

Cataract surgery is an efficient procedure, and is generally associated with good visual results. Nevertheless, cystoid macular edema (CME) may develop, and this can result in suboptimal postoperative vision. Many factors are considered to contribute to its development, and although the treatment options depend upon the underlying cause of CME, the usual therapeutic approach for prophylaxis and treatment of CME is directed towards blocking the inflammatory mediators. This article provides a review of possible risk factors, pathogeneses, incidence rates, and methods of diagnosis, as well as the current guidelines for managing CME.
Strong HCV NS3/4a, NS4b, NS5a, NS5b-specific cellular immune responses induced in Rhesus macaques by a novel HCV genotype 1a/1b consensus DNA vaccine (2014)

Chronic HCV is a surreptitious disease currently affecting approximately 3% of the world's population that can lead to liver failure and cancer decades following initial infection. However, there are currently no vaccines available for the prevention of chronic HCV. From patients who acutely resolve HCV infection, it is apparent that a strong and broad cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response is important in HCV clearance. DNA vaccines are naked plasmid DNA molecules that encode pathogen antigens to induce a pathogen-specific immune response. They are inexpensive to produce and have an excellent safety profile in animals and humans. Additionally, DNA vaccines are able to induce strong CTL responses, making them well-suited for an HCV vaccine. We aimed to maximize vaccine recipients' opportunity to induce a broad T cell response with a novel antigenic sequence, multi-antigen vaccine strategy. We have generated DNA plasmids encoding consensus sequences of HCV genotypes 1a and 1b non-structural proteins NS3/4a, NS4b, NS5a, and NS5b. Rhesus macaques were used to study the immunogenicity of these constructs. Four animals were immunized 3 times, 6 weeks apart, at a dose of 1.0mg per antigen construct, as an intramuscular injection followed by in vivo electroporation, which greatly increases DNA uptake by local cells. Immune responses were measured 2 weeks post-immunization regimen (PIR) in immunized rhesus macaques and showed a broad response to multiple HCV nonstructural antigens, with up to 4680 spot-forming units per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as measured by Interferon-γ ELISpot. In addition, multiparametric flow cytometry detected HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses by intracellular cytokine staining and detected HCV-specific CD107a+/GrzB+ CD8+ T cells indicating an antigen specific cytolytic response 2 weeks PIR compared with baseline measurements. At the final study time point, 6 weeks PIR, HCV-specific CD45RA- memory-like T cells remained detectable in peripheral blood. Data presented in this manuscript support the notion that vaccine immunogenicity studies using a macaque model can be used to depict key anti-HCV nonstructural antigenic cellular immune responses and support the development of DNA-based prophylactic HCV vaccines.
Copyright protection for the electronic distribution of text documents (1999)

Each copy of a text document can be made different in a nearly invisible way by repositioning or modifying the appearance of different elements of text, i.e., lines, words, or characters. A unique copy can be registered with its recipient, so that subsequent unauthorized copies that are retrieved can be traced back to the original owner. In this paper we describe and compare several mechanisms for marking documents and several other mechanisms for decoding the marks after documents have been subjected to common types of distortion. The marks are intended to protect documents of limited value that are owned by individuals who would rather possess a legal than an illegal copy if they can be distinguished. We describe attacks that remove the marks and countermeasures to those attacks. An architecture is described for distributing a large number of copies without burdening the publisher with creating and transmitting the unique documents. The architecture also allows the publisher to determine the identity of a recipient who has illegally redistributed the document, without compromising the privacy of individuals who are not operating illegally. Two experimental systems are described. One was used to distribute an issue of the IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, and the second was used to mark copies of company private memoranda.
Endothelin‐1‐induced potentiation of human airway smooth muscle proliferation: an ET<sub>A</sub> receptor‐mediated phenomenon (1996)

1. In this study the mitogenic effects in human cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells of endothelin-1 (ET-1), ET-3, and sarafotoxin S6c (S6c), the ETB receptor-selective agonist, were explored either alone or in combination with the potent mitogen, epidermal growth factor (EGF). 2. In confluent, growth-arrested human airway smooth, neither ET-1 (0.01 nM-1 microM) nor ET-3 (0.001 nM-1 microM) or S6c (0.01 nM-1 microM) induced cell proliferation, as assessed by [3H]-thymidine incorporation. In contrast, EGF (1.6 pM-16 nM) produced concentration-dependent stimulation of DNA synthesis (EC50 of about 0.06 nM). The maximum increase of about 60 fold above control, elicited by 16 nM EGF, was similar to that obtained with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS). EGF (0.16-16 nM) also produced a concentration-dependent increase in cell counts, whereas ET-1 (1-100 nM) was without effect on this index of mitogenesis. 3. ET-1 (1-100 nM) potentiated EGF-induced proliferation of human tracheal smooth muscle cells. For example, ET-1 (100 nM), which alone was without significant effect, increased by 3.0 to 3.5 fold the mitogenic influence of EGF (0.16 nM). The potentiating effect of ET-1 on EGF-induced proliferation was antagonized by BQ-123 (3 microM), the ETA receptor antagonist, but was unaffected by the ETB receptor antagonist BQ-788 (10 microM). 4. Neither ET-3 (1-100 nM) nor S6c (1-100 nM) influenced the mitogenic effects of EGF (0.16-1.6 nM). 5. [125I]-ET-1 binding studies revealed that on average the ratio of ETA to ETB receptors in human cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells was 35:65 ( +/- 3; n = 4), confirming the predominance of the ETB receptor subtype in human airway smooth muscle. 6. These data indicate that ET-1 alone does not induce significant human airway smooth muscle cell proliferation. However, it potently potentiated mitogenesis induced by EGF, apparently via an ETA receptor-mediated mechanism. These findings suggest that ET-1, a mediator detected in increased amounts in patients with acute asthma, may potentiate the proliferative effects of mitogens and contribute to the airway smooth muscle hyperplasia associated with chronic severe asthma.
Detection of rare RNA sequences by single-enzyme in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. High-resolution analyses of interleukin-6 mRNA in paraffin sections of lymph nodes. (1997)

To study the distribution pattern of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-producing cells in normal human lymph nodes, we applied the in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction technique. We describe a new modification of this technique for monitoring small amounts of specific nucleotide sequences in conventional paraffin sections. This technique differs in at least two respects from those described earlier. The two decisive steps are: 1) the reverse transcription of mRNA and the subsequent amplification of cDNA by polymerase chain reaction are performed by a new single enzyme capable of both reaction types in one and the same medium without buffer exchange; and 2) for the specific detection of the amplified cDNA, a modified version of the primed in situ labeling technique was used. The technique, carried out on normal human lymph nodes, traces a low load of IL-6 mRNA in fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and a minor population of T lymphocytes in the pulp region. High levels of expression were encountered in about 20% of perisinusoidal pulp macrophages. In addition, moderate activity was detectable in sinus lining cells. Because no major activity was found in the germinal centers of the lymphoid B follicles and in the T zone, it is suggested that the plasma cell differentiation ensuing from primary and secondary B-cell immunization is mainly effected by the sinus lining cells as well as perifollicular and perisinusoidal pulp macrophages capable of producing high amounts of IL-6.
CUB Domain Containing Protein 1 (CDCP1) modulates adhesion and motility in colon cancer cells (2014)

A number of recent studies have assigned a potentially important role for the cell-surface protein CDCP1 in invasion and metastasis of a several types of human cancer cells. In this study, CDCP1 was shown to modulate cell-substratum adhesion and motility in colon cancer cell lines, with some variation depending on the colon cancer cell type. CDCP1 and CD9 were co-expressed at the mRNA and protein level and we obtained evidence for the presence of a molecular complex of these proteins in SW480 colon cancer cells.
The Submerged Culture of Mammalian Cells: The Spinner Culture,   (1957)

Summary A spinner culture system for the growth of tissue cells in fluid suspension has been described. Actively proliferating mammalian cell suspensions, in volumes of 25 to 400 ml have been established utilizing the prototype “L” cell. Similar, although less extensive, investigations have been conducted with strain HeLa. A 300 to 400 ml “L” cell spinner culture has been continuously maintained for the last 5 months. It is suggested that the described submerged culture system provides a more quantitative tool for investigations relating to the response of the mammalian cell to infectious or pharmacologic agents.
Isolation and engineering of a high affinity antibody against P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) (2005)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, 2005.
PGA-SiamNet: Pyramid Feature-Based Attention-Guided Siamese Network for Remote Sensing Orthoimagery Building Change Detection (2020)

In recent years, building change detection has made remarkable progress through using deep learning. The core problems of this technique are the need for additional data (e.g., Lidar or semantic labels) and the difficulty in extracting sufficient features. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end network, called the pyramid feature-based attention-guided Siamese network (PGA-SiamNet), to solve these problems. The network is trained to capture possible changes using a convolutional neural network in a pyramid. It emphasizes the importance of correlation among the input feature pairs by introducing a global co-attention mechanism. Furthermore, we effectively improved the long-range dependencies of the features by utilizing various attention mechanisms and then aggregating the features of the low-level and co-attention level; this helps to obtain richer object information. Finally, we evaluated our method with a publicly available dataset (WHU) building dataset and a new dataset (EV-CD) building dataset. The experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for building change detection and outperforms the existing state-of-the-art methods on high-resolution remote sensing orthoimages in various metrics.
Recent Advances in Brain-Computer Interface Systems (2011)

Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology provides a direct electronic interface and can convey messages and commands directly from the human brain to a computer. BCI technology involves monitoring conscious brain electrical activity via electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and detecting characteristics of EEG patterns via digital signal processing algorithms that the user generates to communicate. It has the potential to enable the physically disabled to perform many activities, thus improving their quality of life and productivity, allowing them more independence and reducing social costs. The challenge with BCI, however, is to extract the relevant patterns from the EEG signals produced by the brain each second. Recently, there has been a great progress in the development of novel paradigms for EEG signal recording, advanced methods for processing them, new applications for BCI systems and complete software and hardware packages used for BCI applications. In this book a few recent advances in these areas are discussed.
Assessing the limitations of the Banister model in monitoring training (2006)

The aim of this study was to carry out a statistical analysis of the Banister model to verify how useful it is in monitoring the training programmes of elite swimmers. The accuracy, the ill-conditioning and the stability of this model were thus investigated. The training loads of nine elite swimmers, measured over one season, were related to performances with the Banister model. First, to assess accuracy, the 95% bootstrap confidence interval (95% CI) of parameter estimates and modelled performances were calculated. Second, to study ill-conditioning, the correlation matrix of parameter estimates was computed. Finally, to analyse stability, iterative computation was performed with the same data but minus one performance, chosen at random. Performances were related to training loads for all participants (R(2) = 0.79 +/- 0.13, P < 0.05) and the estimation procedure seemed to be stable. Nevertheless, the range of 95% CI values of the most useful parameters for monitoring training was wide: t(a) = 38 (17, 59), t(f) = 19 (6, 32), t(n) = 19 (7, 35), t(g) = 43 (25, 61). Furthermore, some parameters were highly correlated, making their interpretation worthless. We suggest possible ways to deal with these problems and review alternative methods to model the training-performance relationships.
Sapphyrins induce apoptosis in hematopoietic tumor–derived cell lines and show <i>in vivo</i> antitumor activity (2005)

Sapphyrins are pentapyrrolic, metal-free, expanded porphyrins. In the present study, the activity of sapphyrins as anticancer agents in hematopoietic-derived tumor cells was explored. It was found that a dihydroxylated water-soluble sapphyrin derivative (PCI-2000) is a potent inducer of apoptosis in a wide variety of tumor cell lines including lymphoma (Ramos, DHL-4, and HF-1), leukemia (Jurkat and HL-60), and myeloma (8226/S, 1-310, C2E3, and 1-414). PCI-2000 triggers an apoptotic pathway in these tumor cells as shown by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria; activation of caspases 9, 8, and 3; cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase; and Annexin V binding. Apoptosis can be partially inhibited by overexpression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 or treatment with benzyloxycarbonyl-valine-alanine-aspartic acid-fluoromethylketone, a cell-permeable caspase inhibitor. Both PCI-2000 and PCI-2010, a tetrahydroxy bis-carbamate derivative of PCI-2000, result in increased levels of phosphorylated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation resulted in a synergistic increase of PCI-2000 cytotoxicity. PCI-2010 showed less toxicity in mice than PCI-2000 and was active in slowing the growth of Ramos and HL-60 tumor xenografts in nude mice. These results provide preclinical rationale for the further study of sapphyrins for potential use in the treatment of hematopoietic-derived tumors.
Shallow Literacy, Timid Teaching, and Cultural Impotence (2004)

Any attempt to move to a deeper notion of literacy in our theory and pedagogy must—among other things—involve us facing our own self interest and expecting disruption in our own classrooms, departments, and universities.
Plowing with precision [Past Forward] (2018)

In 1996, John Deere introduced this “green eggs and ham” GPS receiver, which helped usher in the age of precision agriculture. Mounted on top of a tractor’s cab, it received signals from Global Positioning System satellites and then fine-tuned the readings using a C-band antenna. Eventually, such receivers would guide autonomous tractors, enabling them to plow a field with centimeter precision. The receiver had to be rugged as well, able to withstand lousy weather, temperatures from –20° to 45° C, vehicle vibration, and occasional incursions by rodents, birds, and other creatures.
Novel Bicyclic Nucleoside Analogue (1<i>S</i>,5<i>S</i>,6<i>S</i>)-6- Hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-(uracil-1-yl)-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane:  Synthesis and Incorporation into Oligodeoxynucleotides (2001)

The novel bicyclic nucleoside (1S,5S,6S)-6-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-1-(uracil-1-yl)-3,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane [2'-deoxy-1'-C,4'-C-(2-oxapropano)uridine] (15), expected to be restricted into an O4'-endo furanose conformation, was synthesized from the known 1-(3'-deoxy-beta-D-psicofuranosyl)uracil 5. The phosphoramidite derivative of 15 was successfully incorporated into oligodeoxynucleotides using standard methods, and thermal denaturation studies showed moderate decreases in duplex stabilities of -2.1 and -1.5 degrees C per modification toward complementary DNA and RNA, respectively.
§ 5. Miscellaneous Finds (1940)

A Fragment of a Cosmetic Bowl of Egyptian type comes from Praisos, but I have been unable to identify it in the Museums containing Palaikastro material. Bosanquet left some notes on this object, and two restored drawings of it (fig. I), but did not state the material, or the circumstances of its discovery. Probably it was a chance find purchased by Bosanquet from some local proprietor.