gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Method to Analyze Fuel Behavior in a Spark Ignition Engine (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In SI engines with port injection system, fuel behavior both in the intake port and in the cylinder has significant influence on the transient A/F characteristics and HC emissions [<span class="xref">1</span>]. Therefore, to improve the engine performance, it is very important to understand fuel behavior in the intake port and in the cylinder [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the following three unique methods to analyze fuel behavior in port injected SI engines and some test results.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ol class="list nostyle"> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">(1)</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Observation of fuel behavior in the intake port, using a transparent intake air tube and a strobe synchronized TV-photographic system.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">(2)</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Observation of fuel behavior in the cylinder, using a glass cylinder and fluorescent fuel.</div></li> <li class="list-item"><span class="li-label">(3)</span><div class="htmlview paragraph">Measurement of fuel wall wetting in the intake port and in the cylinder, using the engine with electronically controlled hydraulically driven in-take/exhaust valves.</div></li> </ol> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With these three methods, it becomes possible to understand qualitatively and quantitatively the fuel behavior such as spray formation in the intake port, port wall wetting and cylinder wall wetting in firing operation.</div>
IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SCRUB TYPHUS (1951)

Journal Article IMMUNIZATION AGAINST SCRUB TYPHUS: I. COMBINED LIVING VACCINE AND CHEMOPROPHYLAXIS IN VOLUNTEERS Get access JOSEPH E. SMADEL, JOSEPH E. SMADEL Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HERBERT L. LEY, JR., HERBERT L. LEY, JR. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRED H. DIERCKS, FRED H. DIERCKS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT TRAUB, ROBERT TRAUB Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar VERNON J. TIPTON, VERNON J. TIPTON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar LYMAN P. FRICK LYMAN P. FRICK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 53, Issue 3, May 1951, Pages 317–325, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a119456 Published: 01 May 1951 Article history Received: 28 February 1951 Published: 01 May 1951
A new VPN routing approach for large scale networks (2010)

One of the most common provider provisioned VPN technologies uses MPLS as a data plane for customer flow isolation and BGP as a control plane for routing between VPN sites. From a data plane perspective, such networks can provision hundreds of thousands of VPN sites. However, the BGP control plane is prone to scalability concerns. Some BGP routers in VPN backbones must handle routes for all the VPN sites that the provider connects. The number of sites can generate two million BGP routes in large VPN backbones, almost ten times the number of routes in a core Internet router. Prior work proposed solutions to evolve such networks. Yet, we argue that they fail to address the root cause of VPN routing performance issues. In this paper, we show that VPN routing scheme's poor scalability stems from the application to VPNs of a protocol originally designed for full routing, specifically the Internet. Rather than evolving the current standard based on BGP, we take a principled approach to rethink routing in large VPNs. We propose Two-Step VPN Routing, a new approach for scalable VPN routing. We validate our design choices and compare our approach to existing ones, using both BGP updates and router configurations collected from a large VPN provider.
Vision-Based Cooperative Pose Estimation for Localization in Multi-Robot Systems Equipped with RGB-D Cameras (2014)

We present a new vision based cooperative pose estimation scheme for systems of mobile robots equipped with RGB-D cameras. We first model a multi-robot system as an edge-weighted graph. Then, based on this model, and by using the real-time color and depth data, the robots with shared field-of-views estimate their relative poses in pairwise. The system does not need the existence of a single common view shared by all robots, and it works in 3D scenes without any specific calibration pattern or landmark. The proposed scheme distributes working loads evenly in the system, hence it is scalable and the computing power of the participating robots is efficiently used. The performance and robustness were analyzed both on synthetic and experimental data in different environments over a range of system configurations with varying number of robots and poses.
A Study on Bismuth tri-iodide for X-ray direct and digital imagers (2009)

Now a days, the Medical X-ray equipments has become digitalized from analog type such as film, cassette to CR, DR. And many scientists are still researching and developing the Medical X-ray equipment. In this study, we used the Bismuth tri-iodide to conversion material for digital X-ray equipments and we couldn't get the satisfying result than previous study, but it opened new possibility to cover the disadvantage of a-Se is high voltage aplly and difficultness of make. In this paper, we use powder(99.99%) as x-ray conversion material and make films that have thickness of 200um and the film size is . Also, we deposited an ITO(Indium Tin Oxide) electrode as top electrode and bottom electrode using a Magnetron Sputtering System. To evaluate a characteristics of the produced films, an electrical and structural properties are performed. Through a SEM analysis, we confirmed a surface and component part. And to analyze the electrical properties, darkcurrent, sensitivity and SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio) are measured. Darkcurrent is and sensitivity is and this study shows that the electrical properties of x-ray conversion material that made by screen printing method are similar to PVD method or better than that. This results suggest that is suitable for a replacement of a-Se because of the reduced manufacture processing and improved yield.
High-resolution terrain map from multiple sensor data (1992)

The authors present 3-D vision techniques for incrementally building an accurate 3-D representation of rugged terrain using multiple sensors. They have developed the locus method to model the rugged terrain. The locus method exploits sensor geometry to efficiently build a terrain representation from multiple sensor data. The locus method is used to estimate the vehicle position in the digital elevation map (DEM) by matching a sequence of range images with the DEM. Experimental results from large-scale real and synthetic terrains demonstrate the feasibility and power of the 3-D mapping techniques for rugged terrain. In real world experiments, a composite terrain map was built by merging 125 real range images. Using synthetic range images, a composite map of 150 m was produced from 159 images. With the proposed system, mobile robots operating in rugged environments can build accurate terrain models from multiple sensor data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Truncated thioredoxin (Trx80) induces differentiation of human CD14+ monocytes into a novel cell type (TAMs) via activation of the MAP kinases p38, ERK, and JNK (2004)

Thioredoxin truncated at its carboxy terminal (Trx80) acts as a cytokine that stimulates monocytes and eosinophils. In the present study, Trx80 was shown to induce differentiation of human CD14(+) monocytes into a cell type not described previously, which we designate as Trx80-activated monocytes (TAMs). TAMs resemble immature dendritic cells (iDCs) generated in the presence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in that both these cell populations exhibit increased proportions of CD1a(+) and mannose receptor (MR)(+) cells. However, in contrast to iDCs, TAMs express high proportion of CD14 and lower proportion of CD83 and HLA-DR. Functional assays revealed that, in comparison to iDCs, TAMs 1) exhibit a higher pinocytic capacity; 2) release significantly higher amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), IL-1 beta, and IL-6 and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10; and 3) induce a significantly lower proliferative response in allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Indeed, Trx80 appears to be the first endogenous substance shown to have the capacity on its own to induce IL-10 production by monocytes. Analysis of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathway revealed that Trx80 induces phosphorylation of p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We propose that Trx80 is an early signal in response to danger, and that TAMs may play a major role in triggering innate immune responses.
A hydromechanical biomimetic cochlea: Experiments and models (2006)

The construction, measurement, and modeling of an artificial cochlea (ACochlea) are presented in this paper. An artificial basilar membrane (ABM) was made by depositing discrete Cu beams on a piezomembrane substrate. Rather than two fluid channels, as in the mammalian cochlea, a single fluid channel was implemented on one side of the ABM, facilitating the use of a laser to detect the ABM vibration on the other side. Measurements were performed on both the ABM and the ACochlea. The measurement results on the ABM show that the longitudinal coupling on the ABM is very strong. Reduced longitudinal coupling was achieved by cutting the membrane between adjacent beams using a laser. The measured results from the ACochlea with a laser-cut ABM demonstrate cochlear-like features, including traveling waves, sharp high-frequency rolloffs, and place-specific frequency selectivity. Companion computational models of the mechanical devices were formulated and implemented using a circuit simulator. Experimental data were compared with simulation results. The simulation results from the computational models of the ABM and the ACochlea are similar to their experimental counterparts.
α-Retaining glucosyl transfer catalysed by trehalose phosphorylase from Schizophyllum commune: mechanistic evidence obtained from steady-state kinetic studies with substrate analogues and inhibitors (2001)

Fungal trehalose phosphorylase is classified as a family 4 glucosyltransferase that catalyses the reversible phosphorolysis of α,α-trehalose with net retention of anomeric configuration. Glucosyl transfer to and from phosphate takes place by the partly rate-limiting interconversion of ternary enzyme–substrate complexes formed from binary enzyme–phosphate and enzyme–α-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate adducts respectively. To advance a model of the chemical mechanism of trehalose phosphorylase, we performed a steady-state kinetic study with the purified enzyme from the basidiomycete fungus Schizophyllum commune by using alternative substrates, inhibitors and combinations thereof in pairs as specific probes of substrate-binding recognition and transition-state structure. Orthovanadate is a competitive inhibitor against phosphate and α-d-glucopyranosyl phosphate, and binds 3×104-fold tighter (Ki≈ 1μM) than phosphate. Structural alterations of d-glucose at C-2 and O-5 are tolerated by the enzyme at subsite +1. They lead to parallel effects of approximately the same magnitude (slope = 1.14; r2 = 0.98) on the reciprocal catalytic efficiency for reverse glucosyl transfer [log (Km/kcat)] and the apparent affinity of orthovanadate determined in the presence of the respective glucosyl acceptor (log Ki). An adduct of orthovanadate and the nucleophile/leaving group bound at subsite +1 is therefore the true inhibitor and displays partial transition state analogy. Isofagomine binds to subsite −1 in the enzyme–phosphate complex with a dissociation constant of 56μM and inhibits trehalose phosphorylase at least 20-fold better than 1-deoxynojirimycin. The specificity of the reversible azasugars inhibitors would be explained if a positive charge developed on C-1 rather than O-5 in the proposed glucosyl cation-like transition state of the reaction. The results are discussed in the context of α-retaining glucosyltransferase mechanisms that occur with and without a β-glucosyl enzyme intermediate.
Genome-wide analysis of complex wheat gliadins, the dominant carriers of celiac disease epitopes (2017)

Gliadins, specified by six compound chromosomal loci (Gli-A1/B1/D1 and Gli-A2/B2/D2) in hexaploid bread wheat, are the dominant carriers of celiac disease (CD) epitopes. Because of their complexity, genome-wide characterization of gliadins is a strong challenge. Here, we approached this challenge by combining transcriptomic, proteomic and bioinformatic investigations. Through third-generation RNA sequencing, full-length transcripts were identified for 52 gliadin genes in the bread wheat cultivar Xiaoyan 81. Of them, 42 were active and predicted to encode 25 α-, 11 γ-, one δ- and five ω-gliadins. Comparative proteomic analysis between Xiaoyan 81 and six newly-developed mutants each lacking one Gli locus indicated the accumulation of 38 gliadins in the mature grains. A novel group of α-gliadins (the CSTT group) was recognized to contain very few or no CD epitopes. The δ-gliadins identified here or previously did not carry CD epitopes. Finally, the mutant lacking Gli-D2 showed significant reductions in the most celiac-toxic α-gliadins and derivative CD epitopes. The insights and resources generated here should aid further studies on gliadin functions in CD and the breeding of healthier wheat.
General-purpose fuzzy controller for DC/DC converters (2002)

In this paper, a general-purpose fuzzy controller for DC-DC converters is investigated. Based on a qualitative description of the system to be controlled, fuzzy controllers are capable of good performances even for those systems where linear control techniques fail, e.g. when a mathematical description is not available or in the presence of wide parameter variations. The presented approach is general and can be applied to any DC-DC converter topologies. Controller implementation is relatively simple and can guarantee a small-signal response as fast and stable as for other standard regulators and an improved large-signal response. Simulation results of buck-boost and Sepic converters show control potentialities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Common Management Information Services and Protocol over TCP/IP (CMOT) (1989)

This memo defines a network management architecture that uses the
International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) Common
Management Information Services/Common Management Information Protocol
(CMIS/CMIP) in a TCP/IP environment. This architecture provides a
means by which control and monitoring information can be exchanged
between a manager and a remote network element. In particular, this
memo defines the means for implementing the Draft International
Standard (DIS) version of CMIS/CMIP on top of Internet transport
protocols for the purpose of carrying management information defined
in the Internet-standard management information base. DIS CMIS/CMIP is
suitable for deployment in TCP/IP networks while CMIS/CMIP moves
toward becoming an International Standard. Together with the relevant
ISO standards and the companion RFCs that describe the initial
structure of management information and management information base,
these documents provide the basis for a comprehensive architecture and
system for managing TCP/IP- based internets, and in particular the
Internet.
The Measurement and Prediction of Hydrate Formation in Liquid Hydrocarbon-Water Systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Measurement and Prediction of Hydrate Formation in Liquid Hydrocarbon-Water SystemsHeng-Joo Ng and Donald B. RobinsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. 1976, 15, 4, 293–298Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i160060a012https://doi.org/10.1021/i160060a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1007Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The CMEA system of trade and payments : the legacy and the aftermath of its termination (1991)

This paper describes the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) system of trade and payment (the"CMEA regime") and considers how the transition from traditional socialism to a market economy is linked to changes in the mechanism for international transactions. The paper begins with a brief history of the CMEA and a description of its organizational structure, institutional principles, and reform efforts. It then provides a brief statistical overview of the relative importance of CMEA trade to its members. The paper sets out the traditional"institutional model"of the CMEA regime, discusses its defects, and briefly evaluates the CMEA regime. After a description of the events surrounding the CMEA's demise in 1990, the paper concludes with the author's conjectures about the consequences of that demise.
A Geometric Approach to Maximum Likelihood Estimation of the Functional Principal Components From Sparse Longitudinal Data (2009)

In this article, we consider the problem of estimating the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the covariance kernel (i.e., the functional principal components) from sparse and irregularly observed longitudinal data. We exploit the smoothness of the eigenfunctions to reduce dimensionality by restricting them to a lower dimensional space of smooth functions. We then approach this problem through a restricted maximum likelihood method. The estimation scheme is based on a Newton–Raphson procedure on the Stiefel manifold using the fact that the basis coefficient matrix for representing the eigenfunctions has orthonormal columns. We also address the selection of the number of basis functions, as well as that of the dimension of the covariance kernel by a second-order approximation to the leave-one-curve-out cross-validation score that is computationally very efficient. The effectiveness of our procedure is demonstrated by simulation studies and an application to a CD4+ counts dataset. In the simulation studies, our method performs well on both estimation and model selection. It also outperforms two existing approaches: one based on a local polynomial smoothing, and another using an EM algorithm. Supplementary materials including technical details, the R package fpca, and data analyzed by this article are available online.
<title>Thin Te and Te Alloy Films for Optical Data Storage</title> (1983)

Laser writing sensitivity, contrast ratio, and archival stability are used to evaluate Te and various Te-alloy thin film media for optical data storage application. The alloys studied include Te-Se, Te-Ge, and Te-Bi. Optical properties pertinent to laser writing sensitivity and contrast ratio such as light absorption and reflectivity are reported for these films. No significant degradation in the light absorption and reflectivity are observed if the concentration of these alloying elements is less than e.g., 1 Owt% . The stability of these films is studied by monitoring the change in light transmission, measured both over a large area and locally using a scanning laser beam. The presence of this small amount of alloying elements is found to significantly improve the chemical stability of Te films. Examples concerning the physical stability of amorphous optical recording media are presented and discussed.
Einkomponentige Katalysatoren für die thermische und photoinduzierte Ringöffnungs‐Metathese‐Polymerisation (1997)

Für die Polymerisation von Dicyclopentadien (DCPD) in Masse wurde [Ru( p ‐Cymol)Cl 2 (PCy 3 )] als latenter, sehr toleranter, einkomponentiger Katalysator identifiziert. Die Robustheit dieses Katalysators in Kombination mit den interessanten Eigenschaften von gefülltem und ungefülltem Poly(DCPD) erlaubt die Herstellung neuartiger Duromere („thermosets”︁, Struktur rechts). magnified image
Efficient Remote Software Execution Architecture Based on Dynamic Address Translation for Internet-of-Things Software Execution Platform (2015)

In this paper, an efficient remote code execution technique is proposed to implement a storage-less sensor in the internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm. A statically installed sensor such as an environmental activity monitor includes statically compiled embedded software and only offers its pre-defined functionality. To realize a flexible code update mechanism and to optimize the use of an IoT device in terms of utilizing its various functions, we adopt the concept of remote on-demand code execution (ROCE) to implement a storage-less sensor. Instead of using conventional on-chip flash memory for an instruction code, an instruction memory is used wherein the remote storage area based on the IoT platform is virtually mapped onto the address space of the instruction memory using a dynamic address translation technique. A pervasive Internet-connected sensor enables on-demand code execution from the cloud-side remote storage resource, without the need for a direct instruction bus. The proposed storage-less approach using the remote resource as a virtual code space may be adopted to reduce the high access current and chip area overhead of an on-chip code flash memory. To reduce the access current overhead in order to retrieve the requested instruction, a small-sized RAM scratch pad is adopted for retaining the hot-spot instruction code. The experimental results show that the proposed technique reduces the energy consumption and packet delay of an IoT device for executing the remote embedded software, as well as realizing a storage-less sensor architecture.
Biomarkers for predicting outcomes in chronic kidney disease (2016)

There are a number of promising biomarkers that can better prognosticate outcomes in and progression of CKD. Further research is warranted to examine whether these biomarkers validate independently as well, and if their incorporation improves clinical practice or trial enrollment.