gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Submersible holocamera for detection of particle characteristics and motions in the ocean (1999)

A submersible holographic camera has been developed for measuring the particle distributions, characteristics and motions within a sample volume in the ocean. Its main purpose is to provide data on the spatial distribution, size, shape, orientation, inter-particle relationships, turbulence, local shear and relative motion due to swimming and sinking of plankton. This battery powered, modular, self-contained system is remotely operated by a PC through fiber optic links. Data from on-board environmental sensors are used to select locations for recording holograms and relating the images to broader scale physical structures. The holocamera also has a buoyancy control system that allows deployment as a neutrally buoyant drifter or in a slow profiling mode. The instrument is currently configured for in-line holography, but it has been designed to be readily adaptable to off-axis holography. The cylindrical sample volume is 6.3 cm in diameter and its length can be varied from 10 to 68 cm. The light source is a pulsed ruby laser chosen predominantly because zooplankton are typically less sensitive to red light. The laser has independent dual flashlamps for maximum flexibility in selecting delay between exposures. About 300 single or multiple exposure holograms can be recorded during a single deployment. Data such as particle size, shape, orientation, distribution in space and velocity are obtained by reconstructing the holograms, scanning them with a video camera equipped with a microscope objective, digitizing the images and analyzing relevant data. Several recent field tests have demonstrated the system reliability and resolution. Particles with sizes as small as 10 μm and details on cell structures of larger particles in the 3–5 μm range could be identified and used for identifying and categorizing the particles. Sample single and double exposure images, the latter for measuring motion, and sample spatial distributions are provided. Methods for mapping the liquid velocity distribution are addressed briefly. Parameters affecting the image resolution and location in space, such as particle density, distance from the film plane and focus are discussed and demonstrated.
Two-stage newton–raphson method for transistor-level simulation (2007)

In this paper, we introduce an efficient transistorlevel simulation tool with SPICE-accuracy for deepsubmicrometer very large-scale integration circuits with strong-coupling effects. The new approach uses multigrid for huge networks of power/ground, clock, and interconnect with strong coupling. Mutual inductance can be incorporated without error-prone matrix sparsification approximations or expensive matrix inversion. Transistor devices are integrated using a novel two-stage Newton–Raphson method to dynamically model the linear network and nonlinear devices boundary. Orders-ofmagnitude speedup over Berkeley SPICE3 is observed for sets of real deep-submicrometer design circuits.
Extending TCP for Transactions -- Concepts (1992)

This memo discusses extension of TCP to provide transaction-oriented service, without altering its virtual-circuit operation.This extension would fill the large gap between connection-oriented TCP and datagram-based UDP, allowing TCP to efficiently perform many applications for which UDP is currently used.A separate memo contains a detailed functional specification for this proposed extension.
Aspirin-triggered lipoxin enhances macrophage phagocytosis of bacteria while inhibiting inflammatory cytokine production (2011)

The macrophage plays a major role in the induction and resolution phases of inflammation; however, how lipid mediator-derived signals may modulate macrophage function in the resolution of inflammation driven by microbes (e.g., in inflammatory bowel disease) is not well understood. We examined the effects of aspirin-triggered lipoxin (ATL), a stable analog of lipoxin A(4), on the antimicrobial responses of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages and the monocytic THP-1 cell line. Additionally, we assessed the expression and localization of the lipoxin receptor, formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), in colonic mucosal biopsies from patients with Crohn's disease to determine whether the capacity for lipoxin signaling is altered in inflammatory bowel disease. We found that THP-1 cells treated with ATL (100 nM) displayed increased phagocytosis of inert fluorescent beads and Escherichia coli in a scavenger receptor- and PI3K-dependent, opsonization-independent manner. This ATL-induced increase in phagocytosis was also observed in primary human macrophages, where it was associated with an inhibition of E. coli-induced IL-1β and IL-8 production. Finally, we found that FPR2 gene expression was increased approximately sixfold in the colon of patients with Crohn's disease, a finding reproduced in vitro by the treatment of THP-1 cells with interferon-γ or lipopolysaccharide. These results suggest that lipoxin signaling is upregulated in inflammatory environments, and, in addition to their known role in tissue resolution following injury, lipoxins can enhance macrophage clearance of invading microbes.
Solid Phase Synthesis of 3-Acyltetramic Acids (1998)

We report a solid-phase synthesis of 3-acyltetramic acids that are components of naturally occurring antibiotics. The products were obtained in satisfactory purity by a novel cyclization-cleavage strategy via a Dieckmann condensation.
Ordering polymer blend morphologies via solvent evaporation (2007)

We present computer simulations of the phase separation dynamics in thin films of polymer blend solutions subject to solvent evaporation. We find that phase separation initially occurs at the air-film interface, where the solvent concentration is at its lowest. As the solvent diffuses through the film, and evaporates from the surface, phase separation becomes energetically favourable progressively throughout the film. However, phase separation is now initiated and directed by regions closer to the air surface which have already undergone phase separation. This, in effect, produces an ordering front which propagates through the film and leaves an ordered lateral morphology in its wake. Through computer simulations not only can we directly view this process, for the first time, but we can also predict the optical properties of the thin film as the solvent evaporates.
HIGH-CONDUCTIVITY SOLID PROTON CONDUCTORS: DODECAMOLYBDOPHOSPHORIC ACID AND DODECATUNGSTOPHOSPHORIC ACID CRYSTALS (1979)

Abstract The electrical conductivities of dodecamolybdophosphoric acid H3Mo12PO40·29H2O and dodecatungstophosphoric acid H3W12PO40·29H2O crystals were measured. Remarkably high conductivities of 0.18 and 0.17 mho cm−1 at 25°C, and low activation energies of 15.5 and 13.7 kJ/mol were observed for the former and the latter, respectively.
Synapsin I Is Phosphorylated at Ser603 by p21-activated Kinases (PAKs) in Vitro and in PC12 Cells Stimulated with Bradykinin (2002)

The function of synapsin I is regulated by phosphorylation of the molecule at multiple sites; among them, the Ser(603) residue (site 3) is considered to be a pivotal site targeted by Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Although phosphorylation of the Ser(603) residue responds to several kinds of stimuli, it is unlikely that many or all of the stimuli activate the CaMKII-involved pathway. Among the several stimulants tested in PC12 cells, bradykinin evoked the phosphorylation of Ser(603) without inducing the autophosphorylation of CaMKII, which was determined using phosphorylation site-specific antibodies against phospho-Ser(603)-synapsin I (pS603-Syn I-Ab) and phospho-Thr(286/287)-CaMKII. The bradykinin-evoked phosphorylation of Ser(603) was not suppressed by the CaMKII inhibitor KN62, whereas high KCl-evoked phosphorylation was accompanied by CaMKII autophosphorylation and inhibited by KN62. Thus, we attempted to identify Ser(603) kinase(s) besides CaMKII. We consequently detected four and three fractions with Ca(2+)/calmodulin-independent Ser(603) kinase activity on the DEAE column chromatography of bovine brain homogenate and PC12 cell lysate, respectively, two of which were purified and identified by amino acid sequence of proteolytic fragments as p21-activated kinase (PAK) 1 and PAK3. The immunoprecipitants from bovine brain homogenate with anti-PAK1 and PAK3 antibodies incorporated (32)P into synapsin I in a Cdc42/GTPgammaS-dependent manner, and its phosphorylation site was confirmed as Ser(603) using pS603-Syn I-Ab. Additionally, recombinant GST-PAK2 could phosphorylate the Ser(603) residue in the presence of Cdc42/GTPgammaS. Finally, we confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis that the transfection of constitutively active rat alphaPAK (PAK1) in PC12 cells evokes the phosphorylation of Ser(603) even in the resting mutant cells and enhances it in the bradykinin-stimulated cells, whereas that of dominant-negative alphaPAK quenches the phosphorylation. These results raise the possibility that Ser(603) on synapsin I is alternatively phosphorylated by PAKs, not only by CaMKII, in neuronal cells in response to some stimulants.
Design and control of an air-jet lump display (2012)

A common surgical task is identifying hard lumps embedded in soft tissue. During open procedures, surgeons can localize lumps using the distributed tactile feedback provided through manual palpation with the fingers. Tactile displays developed to restore tactile feedback for both traditional and robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery (RMIS) are designed generically to provide a wide range of tactile sensations to the finger, and as such, are often bulky and electro-mechanically complex. We developed a novel adjustable aperture air-jet pneumatic lump display that directs a thin stream of pressurized air through an aperture onto the fingerpad. The display is designed to produce the sensation of a lump to the finger, with minimal hardware requirements. It has two degrees of freedom, enabling independent control of pressure and aperture size. We describe the design of the display and demonstrate the process through which the output of the display can be controlled, using two different methods for adjusting aperture size. The output of the pneumatic air-jet lump display is quantitatively measured with capacitive tactile sensor arrays, and results show that the display is capable of changing both the size and pressure of the output.
Cross protection of mice and swine inoculated with culture filtrate of attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and challenge exposed to strains of various serovars (1987)

Mice and swine inoculated subcutaneously with culture filtrate vaccine prepared from acriflavine-fast attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strain Koganei 65-0.15 (serovar 2), were challenge exposed to 20 pathogenic strains of E rhusiopathiae of 18 serovars and type N. Vaccinated mice survived after challenge exposure to serovars 1b, 2, 8 (strain Goda), and type N, but mortality occurred in vaccinated mice challenge exposed to other strains: 20% to 30% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 1a, 11, 12, 15, 16, or 21; 40% to 50% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 (strain 911); and 60% to 80% mortality in mice challenge exposed to serovars 9, 10, 18, or 19. All vaccinated mice died after challenge exposure with strain 2553 (serovar 20). Non-vaccinated control mice died after challenge exposure to all strains. Of 2 vaccinated swine challenge exposed to strain 2553, 1 developed a local urticarial lesion at the site of intradermal exposure. Vaccinated swine challenge exposed to serovars 1a, 1b, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, or type N did not have clinical signs of acute erysipelas. Nonvaccinated control swine developed acute generalized erysipelas or localized urticarial lesions at the site of intradermal exposure.
Structural changes and molecular interactions of hydrophobin SC3 in solution and on a hydrophobic surface (2002)

Abstract The hydrophobin SC3 belongs to a class of small proteins functioning in the growth and development of fungi. Its unique amphipathic property and remarkable surface activity make it interesting not only for biological studies but also for medical and industrial applications. Biophysical studies have revealed that SC3 possesses at least three distinct conformations, named “soluble‐state SC3” for the protein in solution, and “α‐helical‐state SC3” and “β‐sheet‐state SC3” for the different states of the protein associated at a hydrophobic‐water interface. The present fluorescence study shows that the microenvironment of the dansyl‐labeled N terminus of soluble‐state SC3 is relatively hydrophobic, whereas it is hydrophilic for α‐helical‐state and β‐sheet‐state SC3. Fluorescence collisional quenching indicates that the N terminus of soluble‐state SC3 is more solvent‐accessible than those of α‐helical‐state and β‐sheet‐state SC3, with Stern‐Volmer constants for acrylamide of 4.63, 0.02, and 0.2 M −1 for the different states, respectively. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer measurements show that soluble‐state SC3 tends to associate in solution but dissociates in TFA. Fluorescence energy transfer was eliminated by conversion of soluble‐state SC3 to α‐helical‐state SC3 on a hydrophobic surface, indicating a spatial separation of the molecules in this state. By inducing the β‐sheet state, structural changes were observed, both by CD and by fluorescence, that could be fit to two exponentials with lifetimes of about 10 min and 4 h. Molecules in the β‐sheet state also underwent a slow change in spatial proximity on the hydrophobic surface, as revealed by the reappearance of fluorescence resonance energy transfer in time.
Isolation and Characterization of Photoautotrophic Mutants ofChlamydomonas reinhardtii Deficient in State Transition (1999)

In photosynthetic cells of higher plants and algae, the distribution of light energy between photosystem I and photosystem II is controlled by light quality through a process called state transition. It involves a reorganization of the light-harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII) within the thylakoid membrane whereby light energy captured preferentially by photosystem II is redirected toward photosystem I or vice versa. State transition is correlated with the reversible phosphorylation of several LHCII proteins and requires the presence of functional cytochrome b(6)f complex. Most factors controlling state transition are still not identified. Here we describe the isolation of photoautotrophic mutants of the unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, which are deficient in state transition. Mutant stt7 is unable to undergo state transition and remains blocked in state I as assayed by fluorescence and photoacoustic measurements. Immunocytochemical studies indicate that the distribution of LHCII and of the cytochrome b(6)f complex between appressed and nonappressed thylakoid membranes does not change significantly during state transition in stt7, in contrast to the wild type. This mutant displays the same deficiency in LHCII phosphorylation as observed for mutants deficient in cytochrome b(6)f complex that are known to be unable to undergo state transition. The stt7 mutant grows photoautotrophically, although at a slower rate than wild type, and does not appear to be more sensitive to photoinactivation than the wild-type strain. Mutant stt3-4b is partially deficient in state transition but is still able to phosphorylate LHCII. Potential factors affected in these mutant strains and the function of state transition in C. reinhardtii are discussed.
<title>Thermal imaging of liquid steel and slag in a pouring stream</title> (2000)

Detecting the presence of liquid slag in the pouring or tapping stream of a basic oxygen furnace after steel-making offers a chance to aid the process by maximizing the amount of steel removed from the vessel while minimizing the amount of slag deposited into the holding vessel or ladle. Thermal imaging has been shown capable of real-time images that easily discriminate between the two materials by exploiting their differences in apparent temperature. However, the underlying radiation thermometry theory has yet to be published. Combine this lack of theory with the need for very robust equipment to provide 24/7 uptime and serious obstacles to equipment investment appear. This presentation reviews some basic radiation thermometry theory, along with material properties to show that significant discrimination differences between slag and steel exist in different wavelength passbands. Combining these differences with the imaging, lifetime and cost properties of commercially available devices enables one to develop the necessary tradeoffs between discrimination ability, image quality, equipment reliability and system costs.
Heme regulation of HeLa cell transferrin receptor number. (1984)

The number of diferic transferrin receptors on HeLa cells decreases when cells are grown in iron-supplemented media. The experiments reported here suggest that heme is the iron-containing compound which serves as the signal for receptor number regulation. When HeLa cells were grown in the presence of hemin, transferrin receptor number decreased to a greater degree than when cells were grown in equivalent amounts of iron supplied as ferric ammonium citrate. Incubation of cells in conditions which increased cellular heme content resulted in a decrease in cellular transferrin receptors. Incubating cells with 5-aminolevulinic acid (thus bypassing the rate-limiting step in heme biosynthesis, 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase) led to a decrease in transferrin receptor number. Incubation of cells with an inhibitor of heme oxygenase, Sn-protoporphyrin IX, also led to a decrease in transferrin receptor number. When cellular heme content was decreased by inhibiting heme synthesis with succinylacetone (an inhibitor of 5-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase), or by depriving cells of iron with deferoxamine, an increase in HeLa cell transferrin receptor number was seen. When HeLa cells were incubated with inducers of heme oxygenase (CoCl2, SnCl2, Co-protoporphyrin IX), transferrin receptor number also increased. The effects of all compounds which alter transferrin receptor number were dependent on the concentration of the supplement, as well as the duration of the supplementation. These experiments suggest that intracellular heme content may be an important signal controlling transferrin receptor number.
A 9-bit 100-MS/s flash-SAR ADC without track-and-hold circuits (2012)

A 9-bit 100 MS/s flash-successive approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC), which is suitable for wireless communication systems, is presented. To reduce the active area and power consumption, front-end track-and-hold circuits in the flash ADCs are substituted by dynamic ones. A variable delay loop for enhancing dynamic performances is also included in the ADC. The prototype was fabricated using a 45 nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology with an active area of 0.068 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The differential and integral nonlinearities of the ADC are less than 0.94 and 0.66 LSB, respectively. At a 1.0 V supply and 100 MS/s, the ADC achieves a peak signal-to-noise-distortion ratio and spurious-free dynamic range of 51.94 and 65.87 dB, respectively and consumes 6.1 mW with the internal reference buffer.
Design and Implementation of Organizational Authorization for a Network Monitoring System (2014)

This paper describes a new proposal on the flexible authorization function based on the organizational hierarchy. We apply the function to a network monitoring system, which we have installed. Today's organization for the network administration at an institute has the hierarchical nature of a tree structure according to the inheriting responsibility of the role and its associated privilege. The administrative hierarchy is well associated to the structure of the network segments when they belong to a sub-organizational unit. Therefore, we design the authorization function with an unified authentication and deploy it for the network monitoring system based on the hierarchy.
New equations for swelling characteristics of bentonite-based buffer materials (2003)

Compacted bentonite and sandbentonite mixtures are attracting greater attention as buffer material for repositories of high-level nuclear waste. This buffer material is expected to fill up the space between the canisters containing the waste and the surrounding ground by swelling. To produce the specifications, such as dry density, sandbentonite mass ratio, and dimensions, of the buffer material, the swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite and sandbentonite mixtures must be evaluated quantitatively. New equations for evaluating the swelling behavior of compacted bentonite and sandbentonite mixtures are presented that can accommodate the influences of the sandbentonite mass ratio and the exchangeable-cation composition of bentonite. The new method for predicting swelling characteristics is presented by combining the new equations with the theoretical equations of the GouyChapman diffuse double layer theory and of the van der Waals force, which can evaluate the repulsive and attractive forces of montmorillonite mineral (i.e., the swelling clay mineral in bentonite). Furthermore, the applicability of the new prediction method has been confirmed by comparing the predicted results with laboratory test results on the swelling deformation and swelling pressure of compacted bentonites and sandbentonite mixtures.Key words: bentonite, diffuse double layer theory, van der Waals force, nuclear waste disposal, swelling deformation, swelling pressure.
Observation of Single Vortices Condensed into a Vortex-Glass Phase by Magnetic Force Microscopy (1995)

A low temperature magnetic force microscope has been applied to spatially resolve single vortices in an epitaxially grown YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{3}$ ${\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ thin film at 77 K. A disordered vortex arrangement is observed, and the vortices are strongly pinned. The observed phase is expected to be truly superconducting due to strong pinning.
An A B C of glaucoma: apoptosis, blood flow and confocal imaging (1998)

A clear understanding and definition of the glaucomas continues to elude the clinician. Broadening awareness of the many risk factors in glaucoma, the wide variety of presentations of the disease and greater understanding of the pattern of progression will help to improve treatment protocols. In the meantime, the diagnosis and monitoring of the disease remains a huge clinical and financial burden. Modern imaging techniques permit quantitative stereometric assessment of the optic nerve head and nerve fibre layer, affording morphologic evaluation to complement clinical psychophysical investigation.
Description of Some Oceanic Hydromedusae from Japan (1997)

Three species of oceanic hydromedusae, Sminthea eurygaster, Crossota alba, and Cytaeis tetrastyla, are described and illustrated based on the specimens collected in the Pacific Ocean, off central Honshu, Japan.Sminthea eurygaster is the first record in Japan.One out of the three specimens of Cytaeis tetrastyla bears both the polypoid and the medusa buds.This is the second record of such an asexual reproduction of the species and the first record in the Pacific Ocean.
Crosslinked and Thermally Treated Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene for Joint Replacements (2004)

Description Seventeen peer-reviewed papers feature the latest research on ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as used for joint replacements. Topics cover