gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunolocalization of protease‐activated receptor‐2 in skin: receptor activation stimulates interleukin‐8 secretion by keratinocytes <i>in vitro</i> (1998)

The protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) is a seven transmembrane domain receptor related to the thrombin receptor, which is activated in vitro by cleavage by trypsin. Affinity-purified rabbit IgG raised against a peptide corresponding to the trypsin cleavage site of PAR-2 was used for an immunohistochemical study of skin. The expression of PAR-2 in epidermis was striking, with keratinocytes showing abundant intercellular and cytoplasmic staining. Basal cells showed the strongest staining intensity and the stratum corneum was negative. Staining with control IgG used at the same concentration was consistently negative. The functional expression of PAR-2 by the simian virus transformed human skin keratinocyte cell line SVK14 was demonstrated by Northern blot analysis, flow cytometric analysis and the measurement of intracellular calcium. Treatment of SVK14 with trypsin or a receptor agonist peptide (SLIGKV-NH2) caused a dose-dependent increase in the secretion of the chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) in vitro. The effect of the peptide was specific, since control acetylated peptide was without activity. We conclude that PAR-2 is highly expressed by epidermal keratinocytes and receptor activation in vitro leads to increased IL-8 secretion by keratinocytes. These data raise the possibility that PAR-2 may play a role in epidermal homeostasis and inflammatory conditions.
An open-label phase II pilot study investigating the optimal duration of imiquimod 5% cream for the treatment of external genital warts in women (2006)

Our objective was to determine the optimal duration of treatment with imiquimod for external genital warts over 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks. A total of 120 women with a history of genital warts for a median of 3-6 months and prior alternative treatments in 73% were evaluated for total clearance rates. There was no statistically significant difference in complete clearance rates after 16-week follow-up across treatment groups: four weeks (40.0%), eight weeks (48.4%), 12 weeks (39.3%) and 16 weeks (51.6%). Imiquimod was well tolerated, and in those treated for four weeks there was a lower incidence of local skin reactions such as erythema and erosion, and no incidences of pain. These preliminary results suggest that a four-week treatment course of imiquimod applied thrice weekly for women with external genital warts may provide a reasonable approach with comparable efficacy and compliance, and minimal adverse events, drug costs and clinic visits.
Transition Metal Ion Complexes of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition Metal Ion Complexes of Dimethyl SulfoxideDevon W. Meek, Darel K. Straub, and Russell S. DragoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 6013–6016Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2504Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE ROMANTIC RATIONALIST A STUDY OF ELIE METCHNIKOFF (1965)

TOWARDS the end of his life the tall, gaunt, stooping figure of Elie Metchnikoff (the French form of his name which he used for the last twenty-five years of his life) with long unkempt hair and flowing beard was almost a caricature of the Russian Bolshevik emigre'. He might have stepped from the pages of a Dostoyevsky novel. His personality too seems to have combined the Rational and Romantic elements in a characteristically Russian manner.
Operating system support for massive replication (2002)

The increasing number of devices used by each user to access data and services and the increasing importance of the data and services available electronically both favor "access-anywhere" network-delivered services. Unfortunately, making such services highly available is difficult. For example, even though end servers or service hosting sites advertise an availability of "four nines" (99.99%) or "five nines" (99.999%), the end-to-end service availability (as perceived by clients) istypically limited to two nines because of poor wide area network availability [6]. Moreover, although network bandwidths are improving quickly, network latencies are much more difficult to improve in wide area networks, which limits performance for access-anywhere services if those services are delivered from a single location.
EVENODD: an optimal scheme for tolerating double disk failures in RAID architectures (1994)

We present a novel method, that we call EVENODD, for tolerating up to two disk failures in RAID architectures. EVENODD is the first known scheme for tolerating double disk failures that is optimal with regard to both storage and performance. EVENODD employs the addition of only two redundant disks and consists of simple exclusive-OR computations. A major advantage of EVENODD is that it only requires parity hardware, which is typically present in standard RAID-5 controllers. Hence, EVENODD can be implemented on standard RAID-5 controllers without any hardware changes. The only previously known scheme that employes optimal redundant storage (i.e. two extra disks) is based on Reed-Solomon (RS) error-correcting codes, requires computation over finite fields and results in a more complex implementation. For example, we show that the number of exclusive-OR operations involved in implementing EVENODD in a disk array with 15 disks is about 50% of the number required when using the RS scheme.
Assessing Kidney Function — Measured and Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (2006)

In the coming years, estimates of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may replace the measurement of serum creatinine as the primary tool for the assessment of kidney function. Indeed, many clinical laboratories already report estimated GFR values whenever serum creatinine is measured. This review considers current methods of measuring GFR and GFR-estimating equations and their strengths and weaknesses as applied to chronic kidney disease.
A touch‐enabled system for multi‐resolution modeling and 3D painting‡ (2001)

Abstract We present an intuitive system, inTouch , for interactively editing and painting a polygonal mesh using a force‐feedback device. An artist or a designer can use this system to create and refine a three‐dimensional multi‐resolution polygonal mesh. The appearance can be further enhanced by directly painting onto its surface. The system allows users to naturally create complex forms and patterns aided not only by visual feedback but also by their sense of touch. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Telemedicine and computers in diabetic retinopathy screening (1998)

Providing full screening of diabetic patients for retinopathy throughout the community would significantly reduce the incidence of blindness in this group of patients. However, although panretinal photocoagulation is of proved value in reversing or preventing neovascular complications and careful macular treatment prevents further visual loss, the resources or the infrastructure to detect appropriate patients for treatment are not universally available.1 The importance of the situation has been highlighted by the declaration of St Vincent, a European directive on the need to provide screening.2 3 An effective screening and treatment programme would ultimately reduce the burden on health and social service budgets because fewer of these relatively young patients would require long term support.4-6 

Locally based efforts indicate that the key to diabetic retinopathy screening is efficiently obtaining images of the retina for classification. This raises two problems—firstly, the target population must be reached at minimum inconvenience to the patient and, secondly, the images must be assessed effectively. Care facilities for diabetic patients are spread throughout the community and so it is …
Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> homogenates and identification of protein spots by microsequencing (1997)

Employing isoelectric focusing on immobilized pH gradients followed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) we have obtained a map of C. elegans proteins, from a mixed culture containing all developmental stages, presenting over 2000 spots within the window of isoelectric points (pI) 3.5-9 and a molecular mass of 10-200 kDa. Edman microsequencing yielded successful results in 12 out of 24 analyzed spots. All but one of the N-terminal sequences retrieved C. elegans sequences in cosmid and/or expressed sequence tag clones. Structurally related protein sequences found in data banks included enzymes in energy metabolism (cytochrome oxydase, ATP synthase, enolase), a fatty acid-binding protein, a translationally controlled tumor protein, an unknown C. elegans protein, an acidic ribosomal protein, a titin-like protein, a G-protein beta chain, cyclophilin, and cathepsin D. Experimental determination of N-termini allowed us to define sites of signal cleavage providing further information on the physiological role of the newly found C. elegans proteins. This report demonstrates the possibility of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and Edman microsequencing in the elucidation of C. elegans proteome.
Developmental switch of S‐layer protein synthesis in <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2002)

Summary Adjustment of the synthesis of abundant protein to the requirements of the cell involves processes critical to the minimization of energy expenditure. The regulation of S‐layer genes might be a good model for such processes because expression must be controlled, such that the encoded proteins exactly cover the surface of the bacterium. Bacillus anthracis has two S‐layer genes, sap and eag , encoding the S‐layer proteins Sap and EA1 respectively. We report that the production and surface localization of Sap and EA1 are under developmental control, suggesting that an exponential phase ‘Sap layer’ is subsequently replaced by a stationary phase ‘EA1 layer’. This switch is controlled at the transcriptional level: sap is most certainly transcribed by RNA polymerase containing σ A , whereas eag expression depends on σ H . More importantly, Sap is required for the temporal control of eag , and EA1 is involved in strict feedback regulation of eag . This control may be direct because both S‐layer proteins bind, in vitro , the eag promoter, specifically suggesting that they might act as transcriptional repressors.
Isolation of cDNA clones from within the spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) disease gene region (1994)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by death of spinal cord {alpha} motor neurons, resulting in skeletal muscle atrophy. The critical SMA disease gene region on 5q13.1 contains families of microsatellite repeat sequences which exist at multiple subloci that are dispersed over a 100 to 200 kbp region. We have detected significant linkage disequilibrium between SMA type 1, the most severe form of the disorder, and two subloci of one such microsatellite, the CATT-1 family of microsatellites. Furthermore, a recombination event in a chromosome of an individual with SMA type 1 mapping between the members of two other extended microsatellite families, including CMS-1, has been observed. Combining this with previously reported recombinants refines the critical SMA region to approximately 300 kbp. P1 artificial chromosome (PAC), YAC and cosmid clones which possess both CMS-1 alleles which bracket this recombination event, as well as CATT-1 alleles showing linkage disequilibrium with SMA, have been used to probe cDNA libraries from human and other mammalian sources in search of genes within this interval; three of these cDNAs are currently being tested as candidates for the SMA gene.
Inhibition of carcinogenesis by retinoids. (1983)

Retinoids are effective inhibitors of chemical carcinogenesis in the mammary gland and urinary bladder of experimental animals. Modification of the basic retinoid structure has produced retinoids with increased target organ specificity, resulting in increased anticancer activity with reduced systemic toxicity. Combining retinoid treatment with hormonal manipulation results in a synergistic inhibition of mammary carcinogenesis; this combination approach also inhibits development of additional mammary cancers following surgical removal of the first mammary cancer. Retinoids are most effective when administered shortly after the carcinogenic insult. However, even when retinoid treatment is delayed, the compounds are still effective cancer chemopreventive agents for the mammary gland and urinary bladder. The length of time that retinoid exposure can be delayed and retain an anticancer effect is directly related to tumor latency, with a longer delay permissible against tumors with long latent periods.
Squalene recovery from olive oil deodorizer distillates (1993)

Olive oil deodorization distillate contains squalene in a concentration range of 10 to 30 wt%. A process for its recovery by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is described. The process consists mainly of converting the free fatty acids and the methyl and ethyl esters normally occurring in this by‐product into their corresponding triglycerides. The latter are then extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide to provide a highly enriched squalene fraction. The process has been carried out on a pilot‐plant scale with a column operating in the contercurrent mode. The relationship between the experimental conditions and squalene purity and yield has been studied. Analytical methods were used for the determination of squalene and other components in the fractions. By use of this process, squalene can be recovered in high purity and yields of about 90%.
Quantum relays for long distance quantum cryptography (2005)

Quantum Cryptography is on the verge of commercial application. One of its greatest limitations is over long distance - secret key rates are low and the longest fibre over which any key has been exchanged is currently 100 km. We investigate the quantum relay, which can increase the maximum distance at which quantum cryptography is possible. The relay splits the channel into sections, and sends a different photon across each section, increasing the signal to noise ratio. The photons are linked as in teleportation, with entangled photon pairs and Bell measurements. We show that such a scheme could allow cryptography over hundreds of kilometers with today's detectors. It could not, however, improve the rate of key exchange over distances where the standard single section scheme already works. We also show that reverse key reconciliation, previously used in continuous variable quantum cryptography, gives a secure key over longer distances than forward key reconciliation.
Two dimensional coding for a multiple-track, maximum-likelihood digital magnetic storage system (1994)

Two dimensional run-length-limited (d, k/sub y/) modulation codes were recently introduced as a means of increasing storage capacity in multi-track recording systems. This paper furthers this coding technique by describing a reverse enumeration scheme based on the trellis description of the (d, k/sub y/) constraint for a channel employing extended class IV partial response signalling and maximum likelihood detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quality of fresh‐cut tomatoes as affected by salt content in irrigation water and post‐processing ultraviolet‐C treatment (2008)

Abstract BACKGROUND: There is little information available concerning the effect of sanitizing agents, including ultraviolet (UV‐C) light, on nutritional composition of fresh‐cut produce. In this study, the influence of UV‐C light irradiation (3.2–19.2 kJ m −2 ) on the nutritional quality of fresh‐cut tomato cv. Durinta grown under either low (2.4/2.8 dS m −1 ) or high (4.9/7.7 dS m −1 ) electrical conductivity (EC) of the hydroponic nutrient influx/efflux solution was investigated. RESULTS: When grown under low EC UV‐C light treatment reduced development of microbial population of fresh‐cut tomato, increased phenolic content and delayed degradation of vitamin C after 7 days of storage at 4–6 °C. UV‐C light irradiation had no significant effect on appearance, color or lycopene content of fresh‐cut tomato. In recently harvested intact tomatoes, the lycopene and vitamin C contents were 30% higher in tomatoes irrigated with high EC, whereas the phenolic content was unaffected by the salt treatment. After fresh‐cut processing, phenolic and vitamin C contents of fresh cuts produced from tomatoes treated with high EC decreased by > 10%. This decline was initially accelerated in tomato treated with UV‐C light irradiation. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that fresh‐cut tomatoes are affected dissimilarly by UV‐C treatments, depending on the degree of salt stress undergone by plants before harvest. We determined the impact of a sanitizing procedure on nutritional composition, an effect often overlooked but with great significance to ensure overall quality of fresh produce. Our findings revealed the need for more nutritional studies addressing the effect of multiple stress factors from pre‐harvest to post‐processing stages. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Lowering Combustion Temperature of Carbon Particles on Pt-supported Ceria Series Oxides (2005)

ディーゼル車の排出ガスに含まれるカーボン微粒子を低減する手段として触媒担持ウォールフロー型ハニカムがあり，これにたい積したカーボン微粒子を効率良く酸化除去するために，Pt担持酸化物の検討を行った。その結果，カーボン微粒子の燃焼開始温度は同等だったが，燃焼開始後については，Pt担持Ce複合酸化物（Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2およびPt/Ce0.9Pr0.1O2）を用いた場合にPt担持CeO2（Pt/CeO2）に比べ，より低温でカーボン微粒子が燃焼した。1073 K大気エージング後では，特にPt/Ce0.9Pr0.1O2において最も低温でカーボン微粒子が燃焼した。Pt/Ce0.9Pr0.1O2については，低温において担体からのO2の放出量が最も多く，またPt表面において吸着するCOの気相O2による酸化反応が進みやすい状態にあることが明らかになり，これらの特性がカーボン微粒子の燃焼特性を高めたと推定した。
<i>Vmat2</i>Heterozygous Mutant Mice Display a Depressive-Like Phenotype (2007)

The vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) is localized primarily within the CNS and is responsible for transporting monoamines from the cytoplasm into secretory vesicles. Because reserpine (a VMAT inhibitor) can precipitate depressive-like symptoms in humans, we investigated whether Vmat2 heterozygous (HET) mice present with depressive-like behaviors. The mutants showed locomotor and rearing retardation in the open field and appeared anhedonic to 1 and 1.5% sucrose solutions. Immobility times for Vmat2 heterozygotes were prolonged in forced swim and imipramine normalized this behavior. HET animals also showed enhanced immobility in tail suspension and this response was alleviated by fluoxetine, reboxetine, and bupropion. Stimulated GTPgammaS binding indicated that alpha2-adrenergic receptors in HET hippocampus were more sensitive to UK 14,304 (5-bromo-N-(4,5-dihydro-1-H-imidazol-2-yl)-6-quinoxalinamine) stimulation than in wild type (WT) mice. In learned helplessness, mice were exposed to a shuttle box for 4 d or were given inescapable foot-shocks for the same time period. On day 5, all animals were tested in shock escape. Failure rates and the latency to escape were similar for WT and HET mice that were only pre-exposed to the test apparatus. In foot-shock groups, learned helplessness was more robust in heterozygotes than in WT controls. Basal secretion of serum corticosterone was not distinguished by genotype; however, corticosterone levels in mutants were more responsive to stress. Anxiety-like responses of WT and HET animals in the open field, light-dark exploration, zero maze, and novelty-suppressed feeding tests were indistinguishable. Collectively, these findings suggest that Vmat2 heterozygotes display a depressive-like phenotype that is devoid of anxiety-like behavior.
ROC Curves for Continuous Data (2009)

Bringing together all the relevant material to impart a clear understanding of how to analyze ROC curves, this book covers the fundamental theory as well as various special topics. It provides illustrative examples of the major methodological developments and includes as much of the mathematical theory as necessary without making the treatment too dense. The authors survey the uses made of the methodology across a range of different areas, from atmospheric science and geoscience to experimental psychology and sociology. They also list a number of websites from which software implementing the various techniques can be downloaded.
Degradation of Pesticides Wastewater by Silyl Based Cationic Surfactants (2007)

Abstract New stable silayl cationic surfactants have been studied for the destruction of toxic organophosphorus pesticides. Hexadecyl, dodecyl trimethyl silane ammonium chloride or iodide surfactants were synthesized and evaluated in the degradation of pesticides such as Diazinon, Malathion or Chlorpyrifos. The hydrolytic efficiency of each surfactant was tested by measuring the kinetics of model substrates cleavage under a pseudo‐first order reaction. The iodo silayl based surfactants showed more destructive power than the chloro derivatives. Meanwhile, the hexadecyl moiety showed more effective pesticide degradation than the corresponding dodecyl moiety.
DocCube: Multi‐dimensional visualisation and exploration of large document sets (2003)

Abstract This paper presents a novel user interface that provides global visualizations of large document sets in order to help users to formulate the query that corresponds to their information needs and to access the corresponding documents. An important element of the approach we introduce is the use of concept hierarchies (CHs) in order to structure the document collection. Each CH corresponds to a facet of the documents users can be interested in. Users browse these CHs in order to specify and refine their information needs. Additionally the interface is based on OLAP principles and multi‐dimensional analysis operators are provided to users in order to allow them to explore a document collection.
Improved fat suppression in STIR MR imaging: selecting inversion time through spectral display. (1991)

By observing the fat-signal peak on the spectral display of a magnetic resonance (MR) imager while varying inversion time (TI), the authors determined the TI that produced the lowest fat peak for the best suppression of fat signal in subsequent short-TI inversion-recovery (STIR) MR imaging. In 25 volunteers who underwent imaging at multiple TIs, the TI that produced the lowest measured fat signal intensity was the same as that selected by means of TI tuning in 60% of cases and was within 5 msec in the remaining 40%.