gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent‐Free Amination Reactions of Aryl Bromides at Room Temperature Catalyzed by a (π‐Allyl)palladium Complex Bearing a Diphosphinidenecyclobutene Ligand. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
<i>In situ</i> femtosecond pulse laser ablation for large volume 3D analysis in scanning electron microscope systems (2018)

The authors have developed a system combining a 220 fs pulse focused laser beam operating at 1030 or 515 nm, a Xe+ plasma source focused ion beam, and a Schottky source focused electron beam, all coincident at the sample. They present on results and applications for in situ micro device characterization and large volume 3D analysis.
Implementation of a parallel transport subsystem on a multiprocessor architecture (2002)

Requirements of emerging applications together with rapid changes in networking technology towards gigabit speeds require new adequate transport systems. Integrated designs of transport services, protocol architecture, and implementation platforms are needed for the requirements of forthcoming applications in high-speed network environments. The transport subsystem PATROCLOS (Parallel Transport subsystem for cell based high speed networks) is designed with special emphasis on a high degree of inherent parallelism to allow efficient implementations on multiprocessor architectures combined with specialised hardware for very time critical functions. The paper presents transport system design guidelines based on experiences gained with parallel implementations of transport and network layer protocols on transputer networks, an implementation architecture for PATROCLOS based on transputer networks and results of a performance evaluation, which indicate promising throughput values.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wireless gastric stimulators (2014)

Gastric dysmotility disorders including gastroparesis cause chronic debilitating symptoms. Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) has shown to be effective in stomach pacing, gastric emptying and treating gastric dysrhythmia. However, the current battery-based GES devices are bulky yet with limited lifetime. The device implantation requires a major surgery. In this paper, we present miniature wireless gastric electrical stimulators to overcome the existing shortcomings. Rechargeable battery based and batteryless stimulators were tested in benchtop experiments and live porcine animal models. The battery-based system utilizes wireless charging while the batteryless device harvests electromagnetic energy to power a microcontroller that delivers electrical pulses to tissues. Both prototypes were tested at three different stimulation settings for demonstration. Recorded electrogastrograms (EGG) in stomach were analyzed in terms of signal amplitude, frequency, stimulation power and energy. EGG frequency variations, amplitude ratios, and gastric rhythmic activities during GES were analyzed. The results showed that the wireless miniature stimulators modified gastric rhythmic activities. Utilization of these miniature devices may eliminate the need of repeated surgeries for battery replacement. The small size of the stimulators also makes it feasible to implant them through endoscopic surgeries.
Reconfigurable gate array architectures for real time digital signal processing (2002)

The number of usable gates in field programmable gate array (FPGA) logic has recently reached a level which allows their use as computational structures in digital signal processing (DSP) applications. This paper reports on the development of a scalable computing architecture based on Xilinx (CMOS) XC4010 FPGAs for real-time digital signal processing. The architecture requirements for efficient implementation of common DSP algorithms on FPGA platforms are considered. An analysis of the implementation and performance of a high-bandwidth finite impulse response (FIR) filter is presented. A second design using data requantization and spectral shaping to achieve higher order filters is also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An All-Optical PCI-Express Network Interface for Optical Packet Switched Networks (2007)

We report on the implementation of a power-efficient, low-latency edge node PCI-Express interface to a WDM optical packet switched network. Scalability is examined under the limits set by PCI-Express jitter specification on the packet propagation.
Allergen‐induced murine upper airway inflammation: local and systemic changes in murine experimental allergic rhinitis (2001)

The role of inflammatory effector cells in the pathogenesis of airway allergy has been the subject of much investigation. However, whether systemic factors are involved in the development of local responses in both upper and lower airways has not been fully clarified. The present study was performed to investigate aspects of the pathogenesis of isolated allergic rhinitis in a murine model sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA). Both upper- and lower-airway physiological responsiveness and inflammatory changes were assessed, as well as bone marrow progenitor responses, by culture and immunohistological methods. Significant nasal symptoms and hyper-responsiveness appeared after intranasal OVA challenge (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.01, respectively), accompanied with significant nasal mucosal changes in CD4+ cells (P < 0.001), interleukin (IL)-4+ cells (P < 0.01), IL-5+ cells (P < 0.01), basophilic cells (P < 0.02) and eosinophils (P < 0.001), in the complete absence of hyper-responsiveness or inflammatory changes in the lower airway. In the bone marrow, there were significant increases in CD34+ cells, as well as in eosinophils and basophilic cells. In the presence in vitro of mouse recombinant IL-5, IL-3 or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), the level of bone marrow eosinophil/basophil (Eo/Baso) colony-forming cells increased significantly in the OVA-sensitized group. We conclude that, in this murine model of allergic rhinitis, haemopoietic progenitors are upregulated, which is consistent with the involvement of bone marrow in the pathogenesis of nasal mucosal inflammation. Both local and systemic events, initiated in response to allergen provocation, may be required for the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Understanding these events and their regulation could provide new therapeutic targets for rhinitis and asthma.
Toxic effect of tumor necrosis factor on tumor vasculature in mice. (1988)

Stereoscopic observation via an implanted sight glass in mice bearing transplanted methylcholanthrene-induced A-cells showed tumorivascular hemorrhage at 1-2 h after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) administration, congestion at 4-6 h, and hemorrhage, congestion, and blood circulation blockage at 24 h. Histological examination after TNF administration to mice bearing similar methylcholanthrene-induced A-cell transplants showed thrombus formation in the tumor vasculature at 4 h and thereafter. Suppression of this thrombus formation with heparin had no apparent influence on the necrotic response, tumor growth inhibition or complete cure rate following TNF administration to mice bearing the methylcholanthrene-induced A-cell tumors. The results suggest that direct toxicity of TNF on tumor vasculature is a factor in the overall antitumor mechanism of TNF.
High power laser production of short-lived isotopes for positron emission tomography (2004)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a powerful diagnostic/imaging technique requiring the production of the short-lived positron emitting isotopes 11C, 13N, 15O and 18F by proton irradiation of natural/enriched targets using cyclotrons. The development of PET has been hampered due to the size and shielding requirements of nuclear installations. Recent results show that when an intense laser beam interacts with solid targets, megaelectronvolt (MeV) protons capable of producing PET isotopes are generated. This report describes how to generate intense PET sources of 11C and 18F using a petawatt laser beam. The work describing the laser production of 18F through a (p,n) 18O reaction, and the subsequent synthesis of 2-[18F] is reported for the first time. The potential for developing compact laser technology for this purpose is discussed.
Reduced sidelobe integrated acousto-optic filter with birefringence apodization (1993)

A two-section integrated acousto-optic tunable filter with significantly reduced sidelobes has been fabricated. The sidelobe reduction was achieved with birefringence apodization in the form of variable-width Ti-stripe waveguides. The design and fabrication of the device, which includes integrated proton-exchanged TE and TM-pass polarizers, are described. Experimental tuning curves for each filter section and the overall device are presented and compared with calculated results. The largest sidelobes were found to be 24 dB below the peak transmission, which represents a 5.3-dB improvement over an ideal filter without birefringence apodization. The FWHM of the filter is 1.36 nm, which is only 16% larger than predicted for its interaction length of 17 mm/section.
Plasma Exchange in Neurological Diseases (1983)

The rationale for and results of plasma exchange (PE) in the therapy of different immune-mediated neurological diseases such as myasthenia gravis, multiple sclerosis, acute and chronic-relapsing Guillain-Barré syndromes, polymyositis, dermatomyositis and amyothrophic lateral sclerosis are reviewed. Dialysis dementia and Refsum’s disease, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and schizophrenia are mentioned, too. If we exclude the treatment of acute Guillain-Barré syndrome, where PE alone appears to be sufficient to produce recovery or improvement, the combined use of immunosuppressive drugs and/or lymphocytapheresis is probably needed in the treatment of the other diseases. PE allows the disease to be controlled rapidly while long-term pharmacological control is established. An underlying theme in this review is the need of adequately controlled studies or at least of large case lists with exhaustive reports concerning both positive and negative results since a new perspective is needed for this topic. Nonetheless, a number of uncontrolled observations suggest that probably PE effectiveness in most immune-mediated neurological diseases could be proven if the requisite trials were performed.
Test floor verification of multiprocessor hardware (2002)

Verification of multiprocessor (MP) system hardware on the test floor for coherence violations is a challenging problem because internal signals are not as readily available as they are in simulation models. Furthermore, in high performance MP systems which employ weak ordering, races between accesses to the same coherence granule can result in non-deterministic results, thereby adding to the difficulty. Therefore, a common verification practice has been to either allow false sharing only or restrict multiple processors from accessing the exact same location without using some form of a "barrier" around the shared location. This allows the execution results to be deterministic so that they can be predicted for static checking at the end of the test program. The paper presents a methodology for detecting coherency violations in weakly ordered multiprocessor systems with arbitrary streams of instructions and without restricting the level of sharing by the processors. This verification is performed under the native operating system of the system under test. In our methodology, only a weak relative ordering of instruction issuance and completion times of loads are sufficient. The method ensures that data returned for each different load from the same processor is stored in a different register each time until no more new registers are available, at which point a program interrupt is generated and the results at that time verified across the system. The test vectors are designed to make full use of the different registers in the system. This technique defines a maximal window during which exact ordering violations are checked. The methodology described here also establishes a process that applies equally well to simulation models as well as floor testing and is 100% portable across the two environments.
Fluorescence of Eu3+-Activated Garnets Containing Pentavalent Vanadium (1967)

has garnet structure and shows a broad emission band with a maximum at about 500 nm under short‐wave uv excitation. Eu3+ is introduced according to the substitution . Unlike the emission of the usual Eu3+ ‐activated garnets (like YAG) the Eu3+ emission shows strong transitions in this case. The energy transfer from the vanadate group to the Eu3+ ion is not very efficient. This is ascribed to the small value of the overlap of the Eu3+ and V5+ orbitals, the V‐O‐Eu angles being 90° and 120°.
Characterization of the alternative oxidase protein in the yeast <i>Hansenula anomala</i> (1993)

The cyanide-resistant respiratory pathway is induced by respiratory inhibitors in the yeast Hansenula anomala. A monoclonal antibody against the alternative oxidase in the higher plant Sauromatum guttatum cross-reacted with a 36-kDa mitochondrial protein induced by antimycin A in H. anomala and with a protein encoded by a cDNA which was previously cloned for an antimycin A-inducible mRNA in the yeast. There was a similarity in the amino acid sequence between the cDNA-encoded protein and the plant alternative oxidase protein. We propose that the 36-kDa mitochondrial protein encoded by the cDNA is a component of alternative oxidase in H. anomala.
Inhibition of Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate Crystallization by Peptides Enriched in Aspartic Acid and Phosphoserine (1991)

Polyanionic peptide analogs of matrix proteins from biominerals were synthesized by automated, solid-phase methods. The peptides were used to evaluate the chemical requirements for inhibition of calcium carbonate and phosphate crystallization as measured using pH-drift and constant-composition assays. Continuous runs of negatively charged residues were required for maximum inhibitory activity. Asp15 was the optimum size for inhibition of CaCO3 crystal growth, but Asp(30 to 40) exhibited maximal inhibition of CaCO3 crystal nucleation. An hydrophobic domain of Alas added to Asp15 led to increased inhibition of CaCO3 crystal nucleation but had no effect on crystal growth. Adding the hydrophobic domain to Asp40 did not enhance inhibition of either CaCO3 nucleation or crystal growth. The results suggest that crystal nucleation can be suppressed through diffusion-limitation related to the presence of a barrier at the crystal/solution interface. Asp40 molecules seemed to fill both the crystal-binding sites and the zone of diffusion around them, with additional anionic or hydrophobic residues simply contributing excess mass without enhancing performance. CaCO3 crystal growth appeared not limited by diffusion but rather by some other process such as incorporation of already bound ions into the lattice. Phosphorylation of Nterminal serine residues by use of monochlorophosphoric acid produced H-PSer(1 to 3)-Asp20-OH, the most powerful inhibitor of both calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate formation yet discovered. This supports the importance of phosphorylated residues to the function of protein inhibitors of mineralization and suggests that the terminal residues may play a significant ole in the mechanism of inhibition.
Dynamic <i> I <sub>dd</sub> </i> test circuit for mixedsignal ICs (1994)

Built-in test circuitry is proposed that uses the dynamic supply current consumption of a mixed signal circuit under test for a unified fault detection method. Simulation waveform are reported to illustrate the performance of the proposed circuitry.
Dehydrogenative Coupling of Thiol with Hydrosilane Catalyzed by an Iron Complex (2011)

Thermal reaction of RSH with Et3SiH in the presence of a catalytic amount of CpFe(CO)2Me exhibited dehydrogenative S–Si coupling to give RSSiEt3. A plausible reaction mechanism is proposed involving an Fe(IV) complex with SR, SiEt3, and H ligands, from which reductive elimination of SR and SiEt3 takes place to give RSSiEt3.
The DEEP2 Redshift Survey (2000)

The DEIMOS spectrograph is nearing completion in the UC Lick shops and will be delivered to the Keck Observatory in 2001. Once it is operational, a team of astronomers will initiate DEEP2, a major redshift survey of galaxies that will consume approximately 120 nights at the Keck Observatory over a three year period. Our goal is to gather high-quality spectra of ~60,000 galaxies with Z>0.7 in order to study the properties and large scale clustering of galaxies at $Z \approx 1$. The survey will be done at high spectral resolution, R=λ/Δλ~3500, allowing us to work between the bright OH sky emission lines and to infer linewidths for many of the target galaxies. The linewidth data will facilitate the execution of the classical redshift-volume cosmological test, which can provide a precision measurement of the equation of state of the Universe.
Efficient conflict detection in flow-based virtualized networks (2012)

In the current Internet, traffic is routed at the level of destination prefixes. The next-generation Internet requires control of traffic at the level of flows or flow aggregates. To accommodate fine-grained control, modern switching substrates (e.g., OpenFlow) maintain forwarding information for each active flow in a flow table. A separate control plane manages flows within a subnetwork by updating this flow information within switches. When using network virtualization, a technique that allows sharing of networking resources among different logical networks, the physical switch and its flow table need to be shared. Current virtualization solutions in OpenFlow do not support hardware isolation in the flow table and thus lead to hidden conflicts and misconfiguration of flows. To maintain network-level flow integrity, we propose two new conflict detection techniques. The first algorithm uses an hybrid hash-trie structure to represent the flow table and determine the conflicting flows using a divide and conquer strategy. The second mechanism uses an ontology based logic inference system to represent and infer the conflicting flow entries. We performed extensive experimental evaluation of both the techniques. For flow table with thousands of flow entries, the proposed techniques effectively resolve the conflicts in approximately 100 milliseconds.
Electrochemical Behavior of the Oxide‐Coated Metal Anodes (1979)

Polarization measurement and an accelerated life test of the oxide‐coated titanium anodes in relatively dilute solutions of and in solution were conducted. The OCTA failed at potentials higher than 1.3V vs. SCE, probably due to anodic oxidation of and passivation of Ti substrate. An accelerated life test based on those results has been investigated to estimate the OCTA. The polarizing current decreases quickly when the OCTA becomes inactive, and the service life of material is evaluated by the time‐to‐failure from the start‐up.
Crystal and Molecular Structures of Two Isomorphous Solvates of the Macrolide Antibiotic Borrelidin: Absolute Configuration Determination by Incorporation of a Chiral Solvent in the Crystal Lattice (1989)

Crystal structures of two isomorphous solvates of the macrolide antibiotic borrelidin [ borrelidin 3-methylbutan-1-ol (A) and borrelidin (S)-2-methylbutan-1-ol (B)] have been determined from X-ray diffractometer data recorded at 294 and 152 K respectively. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21, with a 13.501(2), b 12.000(2), c 11.863(2) Å , β 110.76(1)º [(A); T = 294 K], and a 13.565(2), b 11.646(2), c 11 .376(3) Å, β 109.76(1)º [(B); T = 152 K], (Z = 2). The structures were solved by direct-methods procedures and refined by full-matrix least-squares analysis to conventional R-factors of 0.061 [(A), 2676 reflections] and 0.048 [(B), 2851 reflections]. The absolute configuration of borrelidin follows from the known chirality of the (S)-2-methylbutan-1-ol solvent in (B), and is 3S,4S,6S,8R,1OS,11R,17S,18R,22R. The unusual structural and stereochemical features of borrelidin are discussed in relation to other macrolide antibiotics.
Wavelength selective coupler based on Bragg Reflection Waveguide (2005)

Highly wavelength selective optical filters are essential components for channel management in modern Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed communication systems with 50GHz channel spacing and belo ...
Therapeutic applications of anti-CD4 antibodies. (1993)

The CD4 molecule represents a major functional T-cell surface molecule, defining an important T-cell subset, which also is expressed on monocyte, dendritic, and Langerhans cells. Various in vivo studies have demonstrated its implication in various steps of physiological T-cell activation: 1. CD4 interacts with its physiological ligand, the class II molecules, thus increasing the affinity of the conjugation between CD4+CD(3+)-TCR+ and class II+ antigen-presenting cells. 2. Through CD4, the signal transduction machinery is stimulated via its association with p56lck. In addition, CD4 has proved to be the receptor for gp120, the surface glycoprotein of HIV, that allows the virus to penetrate the CD4+ T cells and monocytes. Based on in vitro studies in various animal models, CD4 mAbs have proved to be efficient in the prevention and/or therapy of a variety of immunologically based diseases: 1. When injected early in the prodromic phase of autoimmune diseases (AID) such as diabetes, either delay or prevention is achieved with or without maintenance after therapy. 2. These mAbs have proved to be self-tolerogenic, thus allowing prolonged in vivo therapy and suppression of immunogenicity of mAb of a distinct specificity. In humans, CD4 mAbs are, or could be, used and evaluated in AID (lupus, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.), transplantation, leukemias and lymphomas expressing CD4, and, finally, in AIDS patients, in whom CD4 mAbs can block HIV-CD4 binding and deliver a negative signal to T cell, thus blocking T-cell activation and HIV transcription. CD4 mAbs at least provide evidence that the CD4 molecules are suitable for immunomodulation and could be the target for a new pharmacological antagonist.
Loss of enteral nutrition in a mouse model results in intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction (2012)

Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) administration in a mouse model leads to a local mucosal inflammatory response, resulting in a loss of epithelial barrier function (EBF). Although, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, a major contributing factor is a loss of growth factors and subsequent critical downstream signaling. An important component of these is the p-Akt pathway. An additional contributing factor to the loss of EBF with TPN is an increase in proinflammatory cytokine abundance within the mucosal epithelium, including TNF-α and IFN-γ. Loss of critical nutrients, including glutamine and glutamate, may affect EBF, contributing to the loss of tight junction proteins. Finding protective modalities for the small intestine during TPN administration may have important clinical applications. Supplemental glutamine and glutamate may be examples of such agents.