gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of continuous allergen challenge on clinical symptoms and mediator release in dust‐mite‐allergic patients (1998)

This study investigated the early, prolonged immediate, and late-phase reactions of dust-mite-sensitive subjects undergoing long-term challenge in the Vienna challenge chamber (VCC) in terms of clinical symptoms and inflammatory mediator level patterns in nasal lavage fluids. A concentration of 70 ng Der p 1/m3 of air (feces of Dermatophagoides) was maintained over 8 h in the VCC. To show the clinical impact of this challenge model, the effect of a histamine H1-receptor antagonist that also has some antiallergic properties (loratadine) was also investigated. The study followed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design. Medication was given orally over 7 days before the provocation at a dose of 10 mg once daily. All 12 patients, whose dust-mite sensitivity was confirmed by disease history, skin prick test, and RAST, completed the challenge session. The documentation of the chosen parameters was performed every 30 min. Subjective nasal and ocular symptoms were assessed via a visual analog scale of 100 mm, nasal flow was recorded by active anterior rhinomanometry, and mediator release was evaluated with nasal lavages. Clinical aspect: the whole sample population showed a rise of nasal and ocular symptom severity and a nasal flow reduction, which were perceptibly, but not significantly attenuated by active drug treatment. Mediator pattern: in each patient, prostaglandin (PG)D2 and leukotriene (LT)C4 levels peaked within the first 2 h of provocation, PGD2 then moving toward baseline levels, and LTC4 then again rising continuously. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) exhibited a constant level increase over the whole provocation period, and tryptase levels did not change significantly. Whereas the area under the curve values of tryptase and ECP were higher in drug-treated patients than the placebo group, the early PGD2 peak occurring during the first two challenge hours seemed to be mitigated by loratadine. These results reveal that there is no link between the clinical symptoms, the drug efficacy, and the released mediators (LTC4, PGD2, ECP, and tryptase).
Generative Modeling of Entity Comparisons in Text (2014)

Users frequently rely on online reviews for decision making. In addition to allowing users to evaluate the quality of individual products, reviews also support comparison shopping. One key user activity is to compare two (or more) products based on a specific aspect. However, making a comparison across two different reviews, written by different authors, is not always equitable due to the different standards and preferences of individual authors. Therefore, we focus instead on comparative sentences, whereby two products are compared directly by a review author within a single sentence.
A Computational Study of the Pseudoflow and Push-Relabel Algorithms for the Maximum Flow Problem (2009)

We present the results of a computational investigation of the pseudoflow and push-relabel algorithms for the maximum flow and minimum s-t cut problems. The two algorithms were tested on several problem instances from the literature. Our results show that our implementation of the pseudoflow algorithm is faster than the best-known implementation of push-relabel on most of the problem instances within our computational study.
Amino Acid Transport Systems in Escherichia coli K12 (1968)

Abstract The kinetic analysis of amino acid transport in Escherichia coli K12 cells revealed the presence of several distinct transport systems with very little overlap between them. Separate transport systems were found for the following groups of amino acids: leucine, isoleucine, and valine; alanine, glycine, and serine; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan; and methionine. The division of the amino acids into the various systems was supported by differences in competitive interactions among the amino acids for transport and by the ability of various amino acids to accelerate the loss of accumulated labeled amino acids from the cell by countertransport. The Km values for most of the amino acids were in the range of 1 to 10 µm. All transport systems with the exception of that serving for alanine, glycine, and serine were highly stereospecific. The maximum velocity of transport occurred in a temperature range of 45–50° and in a broad pH range of 5.5 to 8.0. About two-thirds of the amino acids accumulated at room temperature or above could be lost in the first few seconds when cells were washed at 0° instead of room temperature. The presence of sodium azide caused the rapid loss of the previously accumulated labeled amino acids.
Oncogenesis driven by the Ras/Raf pathway requires the SUMO E2 ligase Ubc9 (2015)

The small GTPase KRAS is frequently mutated in human cancer and currently there are no targeted therapies for KRAS mutant tumors. Here, we show that the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway is required for KRAS-driven transformation. RNAi depletion of the SUMO E2 ligase Ubc9 suppresses 3D growth of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer cells in vitro and attenuates tumor growth in vivo. In KRAS mutant cells, a subset of proteins exhibit elevated levels of SUMOylation. Among these proteins, KAP1, CHD1, and EIF3L collectively support anchorage-independent growth, and the SUMOylation of KAP1 is necessary for its activity in this context. Thus, the SUMO pathway critically contributes to the transformed phenotype of KRAS mutant cells and Ubc9 presents a potential target for the treatment of KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.
Anisotropy of&lt;tex&gt;$rm J_rm c$&lt;/tex&gt;in Ex Situ&lt;tex&gt;$rm MgB_2/rm Fe$&lt;/tex&gt;Monofilamentary Tapes (2005)

The anisotropy of the critical current density of Fe-sheathed ex situ MgB/sub 2/ monofilamentary tapes has been measured at various magnetic fields and temperatures and has been found to be influenced by the particle size of the starting material. Already reacted powders were milled in order to obtain different starting particle sizes. In order to understand the origin of the anisotropy, we have undertaken an X-ray study on the degree of texturing in the filaments after mechanical removal of the Fe sheath. The degree of texturing of the filaments at the interface Fe/MgB/sub 2/ and at the center of the filaments has been determined. A moderate texture has been found, being slightly higher at the interface.
Second edition of the "XML and information retrieval" workshop held at SIGIR'2002, Tampere, Finland, Aug 15 <sup>th</sup> , 2002 (2002)

The previous workshop on "XML and Information Retrieval" was held in the context of SIGIR'2000 (Athens, Greece) and showed that there is a serious interest in managing semi-structured data from an IR (i.e., unstructured) perspective rather than from the dominating database (i.e., structured) perspective. As a direct outcome of the workshop, a special JASIS issue on XML and IR was edited and published in March 2002. The topic is still in its prime both in the Academia, as evidenced by XML related papers presented at SIGIR'2001, and in the business world with more search engines adding "XML support" as a requirement.The purpose of this workshop was to continue the effort of applying an "IR approach" to XML search and retrieval. We believe that this approach is crucial to extending the role of XML from pure data exchange in business-to-business applications to actual information exchange in end-users facing and Knowledge Management applications. As a side issue, we also intended to ask the IR community how it should relate, if at all, to the XQuery initiative at W3C. The workshop included 3 presentation sessions, for a total of 8 reviewed papers, an invited talk and a panel. The workshop attracted an audience of more than 30 people, who were encouraged to interact with the speakers as well as the audience.
Techniques in diagnostic pathology (1989)

Plastic embedding of bone marrow aspirates tissue processors in the routine diagnosis laboratory - an analysis of the benefits of implementation flow cytometry and aneuploidy analysis in routine diagnosis of solid malignancies detection of cytomegalovirus infection by short-term cell culture using immunological staining and in situ DNA hybridization techniques the application of transmission electron microscopy in the clinical diagnostic laboratory the cytology of small-cell lesions cytomorphometry of transitional cell tumours cytochemical demonstration of phosphatases with cerium method DNA detection techniques for routine diagnosis of infections factor VIII-related antigen (von Willebrand antigen) in the coronary artery in ischaemic heart disease infantile chlamydial conjunctivitis - comparison of techniques for rapid diagnosis three strategies for microwave irradiation of human brains producing paraffin slides in one day colour plate section.
Synthesis and Microstructural Characterization of Ethylene Carbonate−ε-Caprolactone/<scp>l</scp>-Lactide Copolymers Using One- and Two-Dimensional NMR Spectroscopy (2002)

Copolymers containing ethylene carbonate (EC) and ε-caprolactone (CL)/l-lactide (LA) units of different compositions were synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization method using the SmI2/Sm initiator system. EC was non-homopolymerizable using the same initiator. A maximum of 19 mol % EC was incorporated into the polycaprolactone backbone. The microstructure of these copolymers was analyzed by one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopies. The triad sequence distribution centered at CL has been obtained from 13C NMR spectroscopy. 2D 1H−13C HMQC (heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation) and HMBC (heteronuclear multiple-bond correlation) spectra were used to confirm the existence of EC as isolated units and CL/LA in the blocks. The complete and correct assignment of peaks in the 13C NMR spectrum of previously reported EC−CL copolymers is also done on the basis of 1H−13C HMQC and HMBC spectroscopic techniques.
Developmental rescue of<i>Drosophila</i>cephalic defects by the human<i>Otx</i>genes (1998)

The molecular mechanisms of head development are a central question in vertebrate and invertebrate developmental biology. The anteriorly expressed homeobox gene otd in Drosophila and its homolog Otx in mouse are required for the early development of the most anterior part of the body, suggesting that a fundamental genetic program of cephalic development might be conserved between vertebrates and invertebrates. We have examined this hypothesis by introducing the human Otx genes into flies. By inducing expression of the human Otx homologs with a heat shock promoter, we found that both Otx1 and Otx2 functionally complement the cephalic defects of a fly otd mutant through specific activation and inactivation of downstream genes. Combined with previous morphological studies, these results are consistent with the view that a common molecular ground plan of cephalization was invented before the diversification of the protostome and the deuterostome in the course of metazoan evolution.
On the stability of 2-aminoselenophene-3-carboxylates: potential dual-acting selenium-containing allosteric enhancers of A1 adenosine receptor binding (2007)

Ethyl-2-amino-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzoselenophene-3-carboxylate (4), has been prepared as a potential dual-acting selenium-containing allosteric enhancer of adenosine A(1)A receptor binding utilising a modified Gewald reaction. While preliminary testing indicated that 4 is a superior enhancer of A(1)AR binding than its thiophene counterpart, its instability under mildly acidic conditions is cause for concern. X-Ray crystallography, together with DFT calculations, provide evidence that the decomposition of 4 involves the ring-opening of selenophenium ion (12b) followed by the loss of elemental selenium through a radical chain process.
Effect of magnetic anisotropy distribution in longitudinal thin film media (2000)

The effects of anisotropy axes distribution on the properties of longitudinal recording media are simulated using the micromagnetic modeling. The angle between the anisotropy axis and the preferred direction is assumed to follow the Gaussian distribution. Hysteresis loops are simulated with the field applied in the preferred direction and perpendicular to it. Orientation ratios (OR) are calculated for different anisotropy distribution. OR (coercivity) increased from 1.4 to 79.2 when standard deviation of anisotropy distribution σ decreased from 0.7 to 0.05. The effect of the anisotropy distribution on the recording performance is evaluated, too. The results show that narrowing the anisotropy distribution will increase the OR and decrease the transition noise power and transition length. It was found that a critical point occurred at σ=0.15, below which the OR can be maintained at a sufficiently high value and yet the integrated noise power can be kept low.
Helicopter propagation effects and countermeasures for reliable bandwidth efficient communications via satellite (2013)

Mobile communications via satellite require an unobstructed path between the user terminal and the satellite. Terminal installations on helicopters result in poor performance because their antennas are installed below the rotating blades and the link suffers from periodic blockages caused by the signal obstruction as well as significant ripples caused by multipath signal reflections. The helicopter propagation model as well as various countermeasures is presented. With the proposed techniques high bandwidth efficiency may be achievable to/from helicopters and at the same time the reliability of the link and service area increases.
Exposure to endotoxin or other bacterial components might protect against the development of atopy (2000)

We propose that the level of environmental exposure to endotoxin and other bacterial wall components is an important protective determinant for the development of atopic diseases in childhood.
CMOS / CMOL architectures for spiking cortical column (2008)

We present a spiking cortical column model based on neural associative memory, and demonstrate architectures for emulating the cortical column model with nanogrid molecular circuitry. We investigate a number of options for cost-effective hardware with digital CMOS and mixed-signal CMOL, a hybrid CMOS/nanogrid technology. We also give an example of a dynamic learning algorithm that is a suitable match to CMOL implementation.
The failure of radical treatments to cure cancer: can less deliver more? (2018)

All too often attempts to deliver improved cancer cure rates by increasing the dose of a particular treatment are not successful enough to justify the accompanying increase in toxicity and reduction in quality of life suffered by a significant number of patients. In part, this drive for using higher levels of treatment derives from the nature of the process for testing and incorporation of new protocols. Indeed, new treatment regimens must now consider the key role of immunity in cancer control, a component that has been largely ignored until very recently. The recognition that some drugs developed for cytotoxicity at higher doses can display alternative anticancer activities at lower doses including through modulation of immune responses is prompting a significant re-evaluation of treatment protocol development. Given that tumours are remarkably heterogeneous and with inherent genetic instability it is probably only the adaptive immune response with its flexibility and extensive repertoire that can rise to the challenge of effecting significant control and ultimately elimination of a patient's cancer. This article discusses some of the elements that have limited higher levels of treatment outcomes and where too much proved less effective. We explore observations that less can often be as effective, if not more effective especially with some chemotherapy regimens, and discuss how this can be exploited in combination with immunotherapies to deliver nontoxic improved tumour responses.
Multi-Mode Stream Processing For Hopping Window Queries (2008)

Window constraints are mechanisms to bound the tuples processed by continuous queries specified over unbounded data streams. While sliding window queries move the constraint window upon the arrival of each individual tuple, hopping window queries instead move the window by a fixed amount after some period, thus periodically refreshing their results. We observe that for large hops, techniques liked delta result updating may not be efficient -- as large portions of the tuples in the current window will be different from the previous window and thus must be maintained. On the other hand, the complete result updating technique, which has been found to be less suitable for sliding windows queries. Compute the next result based on the complete current window now can be shown to be superior in performance for some hopping windows queries. A trade-off emerges between the complete result method which has a lower per tuple processes cost but potentially processing redundant results versus the delta result method which has no redundant processing but pays a higher per tuple processing cost. On top of that, strict non-monotonic operators such as difference operator, cause premature expiration due to operator semantics. Negative tuples are needed for this kind of special expiration. Such negative tuples added extra burden to the stream engine. Thus, in streaming processing, the difference operator is typically suggested to be placed on top of the query plan despite its potential ability to reduce cardinality of the stream. With this thesis, we introduce a whole solution for hopping window query processing which includes an optimizer for generalized hopping window query optimization that exploits both processing techniques within one integrated query plan alone with query plan rewriting. First, we design the query operators to be multi-mode, that is, to be able to take either a delta or a complete result as input, and produce either a delta result or complete result as output. Then we design a cost model to be able to chose the optimal mode for each operator. Thirdly, our optimizer targets to configure each operator within a query plan to work in the suitable mode to achieve minimum overall processing costs. Last but not least, two query optimization techniques have been adopted. One explores all possibilities of pushing the difference down past joins using dynamic programming and assigning optimal mode at the same time, the other applies heuristic difference push down rule. The proposed techniques has been implemented within the WPI stream query engine, called CAPE. Finally, we show the benefit of our solution with a vast number of experimental results.
Morphological registration of 3D medical images (2002)

Registration of three-dimensional medical image modalities (PET and MRI) of the human brain is performed by a multi-scale morphological shape description combined with 3D Chamfer matching. Objects of Interest are first segmented. For MR images of the head, a Directional Watershed algorithm is used to obtain an accurate segmentation of the brain. PET images are segmented by thresholding combined with region growing. The shape description is then performed by generalized morphological skeletons, introduced in this article, providing a multi-scale representation of the object shape. Registration is finally operated by Chamfer matching, using a rigid transform for PET-MRI registration. Non-rigid registration is also evoked.
Purification and partial characterization of the b-type cytochrome from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1985)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes contain an oxidase system that can be activated to produce superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. A nonmitochondrial b cytochrome, functioning in the generation of these oxygen species, has been purified to apparent homogeneity from human polymorphonuclear phagocytes. After solubilization of the cytochrome with Triton X-100, the cell extract was subsequently chromatographed on Blue Sepharose and Sephacryl S-300. The final preparation was maximally purified 170-fold with a specific content of 5.33 +/- 2.03 nmol mg-1 of protein (mean +/- S.D.; n = 7) and a yield of 21 +/- 13% (n = 5). The apparent molecular mass of the nondenatured cytochrome was estimated by gel filtration to be 235 kDa. Upon polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate, a single polypeptide was found with a molecular mass of 127 kDa. From the pyridine hemochrome spectrum 1 protoheme IX/polypeptide was calculated. The light absorbance bands of the dithionite-reduced cytochrome were found to be at 558.5 (alpha), 529 (beta), and 426 nm (Soret), and that of the oxidized cytochrome at 413.5 nm. The difference absorbance coefficients are delta epsilon (426.5 - 440 nm) = 160.6 +/- 11 mM-1 cm-1 and delta epsilon (558.5 - 542 nm) = 29.3 +/- 2 mM-1 cm-1 (mean +/- S.D.; n = 5). Carbon monoxide binds to the cytochrome in a time-dependent fashion (maximum binding after 50-60 min). The midpoint potential of the solubilized nonpurified cytochrome is identical to the cytochrome in situ (Em7.0 = -218 +/- 7 mV (mean +/- S.D.; n = 5)). However, purified cytochrome b shows a significantly decreased midpoint potential, estimated at -407 +/- 18 mV (n = 4). The protein does not contain noncovalently bound FAD or FMN, and no spectral evidence was obtained for the presence of covalently bound flavin. Preliminary amino acid analysis of the cytochrome shows a high content of hydrophilic residues.
An FGF autocrine loop initiated in second heart field mesoderm regulates morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart (2008)

In order to understand how secreted signals regulate complex morphogenetic events, it is crucial to identify their cellular targets. By conditional inactivation of Fgfr1 and Fgfr2 and overexpression of the FGF antagonist sprouty 2 in different cell types, we have dissected the role of FGF signaling during heart outflow tract development in mouse. Contrary to expectation, cardiac neural crest and endothelial cells are not primary paracrine targets. FGF signaling within second heart field mesoderm is required for remodeling of the outflow tract: when disrupted, outflow myocardium fails to produce extracellular matrix and TGFbeta and BMP signals essential for endothelial cell transformation and invasion of cardiac neural crest. We conclude that an autocrine regulatory loop, initiated by the reception of FGF signals by the mesoderm, regulates correct morphogenesis at the arterial pole of the heart. These findings provide new insight into how FGF signaling regulates context-dependent cellular responses during development.
The World in Your Pocket - Towards a Mobile Cartography (2001)

The dawn of new technologies on the horizon, such as telecommunication, mobile internet, and handheld computing devices, offers new chances to the discipline of cartography. However, existing approaches to mobile cartography mostly have a commercial background and are rather technology centred. This quite narrow view ignores many relevant problems and does not fully profit from the new possibilities a mobile cartography could provide.