gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Industrial Alarm Systems: Main Causes for Alarm Overloading, Research Status, and Open Problems (2015)

Alarm systems play critically important roles for the safe and efficient operation of modern industrial plants. However, most existing industrial alarm systems suffer from poor performance, noticeably having too many alarms to be handled by operators in control rooms. Such alarm overloading is extremely detrimental to the important role played by alarm systems. This paper provides an overview of industrial alarm systems. Four main causes are identified as the culprits for alarm overloading, namely, chattering alarms due to noise and disturbance, alarm variables incorrectly configured, alarm design isolated from related variables, and abnormality propagation owing to physical connections. Industrial examples from a large-scale thermal power plant are provided as supportive evidences. The current research status for industrial alarm systems is summarized by focusing on existing studies related to these main causes. Eight fundamental research problems to be solved are formulated for the complete lifecycle of alarm variables including alarm configuration, alarm design, and alarm removal. Note to Practitioners-Alarm systems are critical assets for operational safety and efficiency of plants in various industrial sectors, such as power and utility, process and manufacturing, and oil and gas. However, industrial alarm systems are generally suffering from alarm overloading. This paper provides an overview of industrial alarm systems, by proposing main causes for alarm overloading, summarizing current research status and formulating open problems. In presenting this overview, we hope to attract direct attentions from more researchers and engineers into the study of industrial alarm systems.
Robust single-view instance recognition (2016)

Some robots must repeatedly interact with a fixed set of objects in their environment. To operate correctly, it is helpful for the robot to be able to recognize the object instances that it repeatedly encounters. However, current methods for recognizing object instances require that, during training, many pictures are taken of each object from a large number of viewing angles. This procedure is slow and requires much manual effort before the robot can begin to operate in a new environment. We have developed a novel procedure for training a neural network to recognize a set of objects from just a single training image per object. To obtain robustness to changes in viewpoint, we take advantage of a supplementary dataset in which we observe a separate (non-overlapping) set of objects from multiple viewpoints. After pre-training the network in a novel multi-stage fashion, the network can robustly recognize new object instances given just a single training image of each object. If more images of each object are available, the performance improves. We perform a thorough analysis comparing our novel training procedure to traditional neural network pre-training techniques as well as previous state-of-the-art approaches including keypoint-matching, template-matching, and sparse coding, and we demonstrate that our method significantly outperforms these previous approaches. Our method can thus be used to easily teach a robot to recognize a novel set of object instances from unknown viewpoints.
Iterative encoding of high-efficiency holograms for generation of spot arrays (1989)

An iterative discrete on-axis encoding method for computer-generated holograms (termed IDO encoding) has been developed. The binary IDO method employs simulated annealing to optimize the hologram phase delay and reduce sensitivity to fabrication tolerances. Computer-simulation results indicate that binary phase IDO encoding is capable of generating two-dimensional spot arrays with diffraction efficiencies larger than 70%. An experimentally fabricated hologram, designed to account for a 6% manufacturing hologram thickness tolerance, produced a 3 x 3 array of spots with 59% diffraction efficiency. The binary IDO algorithm can be employed to encode arbitrary images with twofold rotation symmetry.
Enhancing face recognition from video sequences using robust statistics (2006)

The aim of this work is to investigate a way of enhancing the performance of face recognition from video sequences by selecting only well-framed face images from those extracted from video sequences. It is known that noisy face images (e.g. not well-centered, non-frontal poses...) significantly reduce the performance of face recognition methods, and therefore, need to be filtered out during the training and the recognition. The proposed method is based on robust statistics, and more precisely, a recently proposed robust high-dimensional data analysis method, RobPCA. Experiments show that this filtering procedure improves the recognition rate by 10 to 20%.
The efficacy of N-acetylcysteine to protect the human cochlea from subclinical hearing loss caused by impulse noise: A controlled trial (2011)

In military outdoor shooting training, with safety measures enforced, the risk of a permanent, noise-induced hearing loss is very small. But urban warfare training performed indoors, with reflections from walls, might increase the risk. A question is whether antioxidants can reduce the negative effects of noise on human hearing as it does on research animals. Hearing tests were performed on a control group of 23 military officers before and after a shooting session in a bunker-like room. The experiments were repeated on another group of 11 officers with peroral adminstration of N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), directly after the shooting. The measurements performed were tone thresholds; transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions, with and without contralateral noise; and psycho-acoustical modulation transfer function (PMTF), thresholds for brief tones in modulated noise. Effects from shooting on hearing thresholds were small, but threshold behavior supports use of NAC treatment. On the PMTF, shooting without NAC gave strong effects. Those effects were like those from continuous noise, which means that strict safety measures should be enforced. The most striking finding was that the non-linearity of the cochlea, that was strongly reduced in the group without NAC, as manifested by the PMTF-results, was practically unchanged in the NAC-group throughout the study. NAC treatment directly after shooting in a bunkerlike room seems to give some protection of the cochlea.
The hisT-purF region of the Escherichia coli K-12 chromosome. Identification of additional genes of the hisT and purF operons. (1987)

A 9.7-kilobase pair segment of the Escherichia coli chromosome spanning the hisT and purF loci has been characterized. Six genes were identified in this region by complete DNA sequence analysis, in vivo expression in maxicells, and RNA transcript analysis. S1 nuclease analysis has demonstrated that some of these genes are part of the hisT or purF operons. Two of the newly identified genes, dedA and dedB, were localized immediately downstream of hisT in the hisT operon. Two other genes, denoted dedC and dedD, have been localized between the hisT and purF operons. The other two genes, dedE and dedF flank the purF gene. dedE has been previously described as the first gene in the purF operon (Makaroff, C.A., and Zalkin, H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 10378-10387). dedF was localized downstream from purF and is part of the purF operon. In addition, dedF is homologous to the ubiX gene of Salmonella typhimurium. Adjacent to dedF is the E. coli homologue of the S. typhimurium argT locus encoding the lysine/arginine/ornithine-binding protein. All of the genes in this region of the chromosome were found to be transcribed in a counter-clockwise direction on the E. coli map which revises the direction of purF transcription.
2′-Deoxyuridine and 2′-Deoxyisocytidine as Constituents of DNA with Parallel Chain Orientation: The Stabilization of the iCd⋅Gd Base Pair by the 5-Methyl Group (2000)

Parallel-stranded oligonucleotides containing 2′-deoxyuridine (2) and 2′-deoxyisocytidine (4) were synthesized. The phosphoramidite 11 employed in the solid-phase synthesis carries a (dimethylamino)methylidene residue as amino-protecting group. This group stabilizes the acid-labile glycosylic bond of 4 and enables the base-catalyzed deprotection of oligonucleotides without degrading the nucleoside 4 residues. Oligonucleotide duplexes incorporating the 5-Me derivatives of 2 (→2′-deoxythymidine) and 4 (→2′-deoxy-5-methylisocytidine), which are more stable than those containing the unmethylated nucleosides, were also compared. Depending on the nearest-neighbor environment, Me groups provide an additional stabilization through Me/Me contacts or Me/backbone interactions.
Effect of oral pyridoxine hydrochloride supplementation on arterial blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to test the effect of vitamin B6 (pyridoxine-HCl, CAS 58-56-0) supplementation on arterial blood pressure in essential hypertension. The trial comprised 9 normotensive subjects (7 men and 2 women, aged between 32-58 years; mean +/- SD, 48 +/- 11) and 20 patients with essential hypertension (16 men and 4 women, aged between 32-69 years; mean +/- SD, 56 +/- 12). The patients were treated during 4 weeks with a single oral dose of pyridoxine (5 mg/kg body weight/day). After a 5-min rest, measurements were made in the supine position. When compared with the normotensive subjects, the hypertensive subject group had a significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.001) and higher level of plasma norepinephrine (NE) (p < 0.01) before pyridoxine treatment. On the other hand, there were no significant differences in plasma epinephrine (E) and heart rates. Treatment of hypertensive patients with pyridoxine significantly reduced systolic (p < 0.01) and diastolic blood pressure (p < 0.005), plasma NE (p < 0.005) and E (p < 0.05) within 4 weeks. However, there was no significant difference in heart rate at the end of pyridoxine treatment. These results indicate a relationship between pyridoxine status and arterial blood pressure in the essential hypertensive patients.
Bromocriptine suppresses postpartum exacerbation of collagen‐induced arthritis (1988)

We administered bromocriptine (Parlodel) to arthritic mice immediately postpartum, and found that the drug suppressed the clinical exacerbation of joint involvement that was seen in untreated animals. Approximately 50% reduction in severity of disease was achieved with bromocriptine (P less than 0.001). The effect may be due to suppression of the prolactin release that normally occurs postpartum.
Calibration lines of HCN in the 15-μm region (1990)

Near-IR distributed feedback semiconductor laser spectroscopy of HCN in natural abundance and in an H(13)CN-enriched sample has been performed from 6380 to 6410 cm(-1). Absolute accuracy of wavenumber measurement was 0.0005 cm(-1) using the 3-0 band of CO as a reference. New sets of molecular constants for the (2 0(0) 0)-(0 0(0) 0) and (2 1(1) 0)-(0 1(1) 0) bands of H(12)C(14)N and H(13)C(14)N have been determined by combining the present results together with the existing data. Two tables of the calculated wavenumbers are given for calibration standards in the 1.5-microm region.
Evidence‐based review of hair removal using lasers and light sources (2005)

The evidence from controlled clinical trials favours the use of lasers and light sources for removal of unwanted hair. We recommend that patients are pre-operatively informed of the expected treatment outcome.
New concept for low-loss microwave devices (1994)

The interface between a low- and a high-permittivity dielectric medium is used which permits considerable reduction of losses in classical metallic waveguides and cavities and in microwave devices associated with them. Experimental confirmation of the theoretical results is demonstrated by using as an example a cylindrical circular cavity.
Properties of the cholera phage PL 163/10. (1975)

Vibrio cholerae phage PL 163/10, belonging to Mukherjee's group I, gave clear plaques with surrounding halos of overall diameters varying between 1 to 4 mm when plated on a lawn of host V. cholerae OGAWA 154. It was fairly stable in the PH range 6-11. Its thermal inactivation was characterised by half lives of 39, 12, 4.5 and 1.0 minutes at 55, 60, 65 and 70 degree C respectively. The thermodynamic parameters deltaH, deltaF and deltaS were determined at these temperatures. The phange was resistant in vitro to sodium deoxycholate, trytrypsin, chloroform, robonuclease, deoxyribonuclease, Tris, Tris + EDTA, Tris + lysozyme and phosphate buffer but rapidly inactivated by sodium lauryl sulfate. Adsorption of this phage was biphasic. Intracelllular growth of the PL 163/10 phage was characterised by an eclipse period of 13 minutes, latent period of 31 minutes, rise period of 29 minutes and an average burst size of about 10 PFU/cell. This phage possessed a hexagonal head 106 plus or minus 18 x x 740 plus or minus 27 A without any tail structure.
Initial caries diagnosis in rat molars, using laser fluorescence (1991)

Scoring of enamel caries in rat molars in ordinary light and in laser fluorescence was compared. Fifty rats were infected with Streptococcus mutans; 5 served as control rats, and the other 45 were fed a cariogenic diet for 15-20 days. With Keyes's system, the total enamel caries score for 35 of the test rats was 29.1 lesions per rat (l/r) in ordinary light and 39.6 l/r in laser fluorescence. The corresponding scores for fissure caries were 15.9 l/r and 21.6 l/r, respectively. Fissure caries scores of thin, longitudinal, central sections from the molars of the 10 remaining test rats were 18.0 l/r in ordinary light, 21.4 l/r in laser fluorescence, and 17.1 l/r in microradiographic analysis. In conclusion, the use of laser fluorescence improves scoring of early enamel carious lesions in rat molars, offering potential reductions in test time and/or sucrose load in animal caries research.
Emulsion (co) polymerization of styrene and butyl acrylate monitored by on-line Raman spectroscopy (2000)

The homo- and copolymerizations of styrene and n-butyl acrylate were studied by on-line in-situ Raman spectroscopy. Results from the solution (homo)polymerizations proved to be very useful in the quantification of the Raman data from the emulsion homopolymerization. From the homopolymerization data it was possible to successfully calculate the partial monomer conversions for the emulsion copolymerization of these monomers.
A 512-Mb DDR3 SDRAM Prototype With&lt;tex&gt;$C_IO$&lt;/tex&gt;Minimization and Self-Calibration Techniques (2006)

A 1.5-V 512-Mb DDR3 synchronous DRAM prototype was designed and fabricated in 80-nm technology. Critical to the signal integrity in DDR3 point-to-2points (P22P) interfacing is an efficient calibration scheme and C/sub IO/ minimization, which were achieved by on-die-termination (ODT)-merged output drivers, SCR type ESD protection, and self-calibration scheme. The hybrid latency control scheme can turn the DLL off in standby mode, reducing power consumption. User-friendly functions such as temperature read-out from on-chip sensor and per-bank-refresh were also implemented.
The<i>Bactrocera dorsalis</i>complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia (1994)

Abstract Fifty-two species are placed in the Bactrocera dorsalis complex in Asia, eight of which are considered of economic importance. Twelve species are revised and the following forty new species described: Bactrocera atrifemur, B. bimaculata, B. carambolae, B. cibodasae, B. collita, B. floresiae, B. fulvifemur, B. fuscitibia, B. gombokensis, B. indonesiae, B. infulata, B. irvingiae, B. kanchanaburi, B. kandiensis, B. kinabalu, B. lateritaenia, B. latilineola, B. lombokensis, B. makilingensis, B. malaysiensis, B. melastomatos, B. merapiensis, B. minuscula, B. neocognata, B. neopropinqua, B. osbeckiae, B. papayae, B. penecognata, B. philippinensis, B. pyrifoliae, B. quasipropinqua, B. raiensis, B. sembaliensis, B. sulawesiae, B. sumbawaensis, B. thailandica, B. unimacula, B. usitata, B. verbascifoliae and B. vishnu . A key to species within the complex is presented. Information is given on location of type specimens, host-plants, attractant records and geographic distribution. Lectotypes are designated for B. dorsalis (Hendel), B. mangiferae (Cotes) (a synonym of B. zonata (Saunders)) and B. pedestris (Bezzi).
Window-Related Energy Consumption in the US Residential andCommercial Building Stock (2006)

We present a simple spreadsheet-based tool for estimating window-related energy consumption in the United States. Using available data on the properties of the installed US window stock, we estimate that windows are responsible for 2.15 quadrillion Btu (Quads) of heating energy consumption and 1.48 Quads of cooling energy consumption annually. We develop estimates of average U-factor and SHGC for current window sales. We estimate that a complete replacement of the installed window stock with these products would result in energy savings of approximately 1.2 quads. We demonstrate that future window technologies offer energy savings potentials of up to 3.9 Quads.
BIODIESEL BLEND DETECTION WITH A FUEL COMPOSITION SENSOR (2003)

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils andanimal fats. Biodiesel can be used in diesel engines as a pure fuel or in blends with petroleumbased diesel fuel. To maintainoptimum performance and meet emission regulations, it may be necessary to measure the composition of blended fuels andadjust the fuel injection timing and other injection parameters during operation. The objective of this study was to investigatethe suitability of using a commercial Flexible Fuel Composition Sensor for the detection of biodiesel composition inbiodiesel/diesel fuel blends. Twelve different biodiesel fuel samples were tested including pure esters and esters from soybeanoil, tallow, lard, canola oil, and yellow grease. The sensor produced a frequency output between 58.75 and 60.23 Hz for allof the biodiesel samples. Six different diesel fuel samples were also tested including commercial No. 1 diesel fuel and EPAemission certification fuel. All of the diesel fuel samples gave frequencies between 51.84 and 52.62 Hz. The frequency outputof the sensor was linearly proportional to the percentage of biodiesel in the blend. The 7.14Hz average difference from dieselfuel to biodiesel is sufficient to use this fuel composition sensor for blend detection of biodiesel blended fuels.
Reconciling neg-raising and NPIs in Korean (2012)

Gajewski (2007) argues that neg-raising predicates (NRPs) introduce a set of alternatives that includes their internal negation, and trigger an excluded middle (EM) presupposition that projects through negation; he also shows that negated NRPs support anti-additive inferences, thus licensing strict NPIs. Since Korean exhibits neg-raising, we might expect licensing of strict NPIs such as amu-(N)-to, contrary to fact (Bošković, 2008). To capture this unavailability while preserving a unified account of NRPs, we propose that an even-like presupposition triggered by the emphatic particle 'to' (An, 2007) is crucially incompatible with the EM presupposition triggered by the NRPs.
FAKÜLTE~izDE VETERİNER HEKİMLİGİ:"J 143. YILI KUTLA~DI (1985)

Türkiye'de veteriner hekimliği öğretiminin 143. yılı 23.12.1985 tarihinde, A. Ü. Veteriner Fakültesi Konferans salonunda düzenlenen bir törenle kutlanmıştır. Toplantıya Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Başkanı Sayın Prof. Dr. İhsan DOGRAMACI, Yüksek Öğretim Kurumu Üyelerinden Sayın Prof. Dr. Mahir BCYÜKPAMUKÇU, A.Ü. Rektörü Sayın Prof. Dr. Tank SOMER, Dekanıar, Tarım Orman ve Köy İşleri Bakanlığı yetkilileri, davetliler, Öğretim Elemanları ve Öğrenciler katılmışlardır. Veterinn hekimlerin ülke kalkınmasındaki rollerini ve günün anlamını bildiren konuşmalardan sonra toplantı sona ermış ve gece de bir kokteyl düzenlenmiştir. Toplantıda yapılan konuşmalar ve konuşmacılar, sıraya göre aşağıda bildirilmiştir.
Characterization of the early endosome and putative endocytic carrier vesicles in vivo and with an assay of vesicle fusion in vitro. (1989)

We have investigated two aspects of membrane traffic at early stages of endocytosis: membrane fusion and microtubule-dependent transport. As a marker, we have used the trans-membrane glycoprotein G of vesicular stomatitis virus implanted into the plasma membrane and then internalized for different times at 37 degrees C. The corresponding endosomal fractions were immunoisolated using the cytoplasmic domain of the G protein as antigen. These fractions were then used in an in vitro assay to quantify the efficiency of fusion between endosomal vesicles. To identify the vesicular partners of the fusion, these in vitro studies were combined with in vivo biochemical and morphological experiments. Internalized molecules were delivered to early endosomal elements, which corresponded to a network of tubular and tubulovesicular structures. Rapid recycling back to the plasma membrane and routing to late stages of the pathway occurred from these early endosomal elements. These elements exhibited a high and specific fusion activity with each other in vitro, suggesting that individual elements of the early endosomal compartment interact with each other in vivo. After their appearance in the early endosome, the molecules destined to be degraded were observed at the next stage of the pathway in distinct spherical vesicles (0.5 micron diam) and then in late endosomes and lysosomes. When the microtubules were depolymerized with nocodazole, endocytosis proceeded as in control cells. However, internalized molecules remained in the spherical vesicles and did not appear in late endosomes or lysosomes. These spherical vesicles had relatively little fusion activity with each other or with early endosomal elements in vitro. Our observations suggest that the spherical vesicles mediate transport between the early endosome and late endosomes and that this process requires intact microtubules.
[Study on vector construction, expression and refolding of fusion HPT protein]. (2007)

The results of this study illustrated that large quantity HPT protein could be acquired through prokaryotic host expression which had comparable molecular weight, N-terminal amino acid sequences and biological activities with those of native HPT protein.
Alemtuzumab as Treatment of Steroid-Refractory Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease: Results of a Phase II Study (2009)

We conducted a phase II trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of alemtuzumab in treating steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) grade II or higher after stem cell transplantation. Ten adult patients (6 with aGVHD grade III and 4 with aGVHD grade IV) were included in the study. Nine patients had gastrointestinal tract involvement, 7 had skin involvement, and 5 had liver involvement. Five patients responded to treatment, 2 with complete response and 3 with partial response. Eight infectious events (4 of grade 3-4) and 7 cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations were observed. Six patients had grade 3-4 cytopenia. All 10 patients died (7 resulting from aGVHD progression, 2 from severe infection, and 1 from to leukemia relapse), at a median of 40 days (range, 4 to 88 days) after alemtuzumab treatment. Overall, our findings suggest that steroid-refractory aGVHD may be improved by treatment with alemtuzumab, but that this treatment does not overcome the dismal prognosis of patients with severe aGVHD, demonstrating the need for alternative therapies to treat this complication.