gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Huntington's disease pathology in <i>Drosophila</i> by human single-chain Fv antibodies (2005)

Misfolded neuronal proteins have been identified in a number of neurodegenerative disorders and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diseases that include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, prion-based dementia, Huntington's disease (HD), and other polyglutamine diseases. Although underlying mechanisms remain the subject of ongoing research, it is clear that aberrant processing, protein degradation, and aggregate formation or spurious protein association of the abnormal neuronal proteins may be critical factors in disease progression. Recent work in these diseases has demonstrated in vitro that specific engineered antibody species, peptides, or other general agents may suppress the formation of aggregates. We have modified an approach with intracellularly expressed single-chain Fv (sFv) antibodies (intrabodies) that bind with unique HD protein epitopes. In cell and tissue culture models of HD, anti-N-terminal huntingtin intrabodies (C4 sFv) reduce aggregation and cellular toxicity. Here, we present the crucial experiment of intrabody-mediated in vivo suppression of neuropathology, using a Drosophila model of HD. In the presence of the C4 sFv intrabody, the proportion of HD flies surviving to adulthood increases from 23% to 100%, and the mean and maximum lifespan of adult HD flies is significantly prolonged. Neurodegeneration and formation of visible huntingtin aggregates are slowed. We conclude from this investigation that engineered intrabodies are a potential new class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. They may also serve as tools for drug discovery and validation of sites on mutant neuronal proteins that could be exploited for rational drug design.
Keynote Address: Regulating Media Competition: The Development and Implications of the FCC's New Broadcast Ownership Rules (2004)

Concentration of power over what we see in the news-even if we see a competitor's news-is a danger to democracy.
A Parametric Study of Microwave Reflection Characteristics of a Planar Achiral-Chiral Interface (1986)

The microwave reflection characteristics of a planar achiral-chiral interface have been examined by setting the transmitted EM field in the chiral half-space in terms of left and right circularly polarized waves. The reflected field in the achiral half-space is seen to be circularly polarized. From the numerical data presented it is concluded that by utilizing refracting media with chiral microgeometries an increase or a decrease in the reflected power can be effected. Conceivably, therefore, such materials can be tailor-made to suit specific requirements, such as in the design of anechoic chambers.
Comparison of Plasma-Catalyst and Lean NOx Catalyst for Diesel NOx Reduction (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Projected NOx and fuel costs are compared for a plasma-catalyst system and an active lean NOx catalyst system. Comparisons are based on modeling of FTP cycle performance. The model uses steady state laboratory device characteristics, combined with measured vehicle exhaust data to predict NOx conversion efficiency and fuel economy penalties.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The plasma system uses a proprietary catalyst downstream of a plasma discharge. The active lean NOx catalyst uses a catalyst along with addition of hydrocarbons to the exhaust.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For the plasma catalyst system, NOx conversion is available over a wide temperature range. Increased electrical power improves conversion but degrades vehicle fuel economy; 10 J/L energy deposition costs roughly 3% fuel economy. Improved efficiency is also available with larger catalyst size or increased exhaust hydrocarbon content.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">For the active lean NOx system, NOx conversion is available only in a narrow temperature range. Exhaust hydrocarbon levels must also be increased for good NOx conversion.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The plasma catalyst system is projected to have better NOx efficiency, at the expense of a larger fuel economy penalty than the active lean NOx catalyst.</div>
HALF-MILLIMETER-RANGE VERTICALLY SCANNING MICROLENSES FOR MICROSCOPIC FOCUSING APPLICATIONS (2006)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and operation of a new class of microlens scanners that can generate large vertical piston motion at low actuation voltages. These scanners are needed by endoscopic bio-imaging applications such as optical coherence microscopy (OCM) which require microlenses to axially scan their focal planes by 0.5 to 2 mm. Photoresist reflow technique was used to form microlenses on lens holders that are integrated with largevertical-displacement (LVD) microactuators. The lens holders are fabricated using a modified post-CMOS micromachining process which can provide additional thermal isolation to the polymer microlens and form a transparent oxide mesh within the hollow lens-holders to enable formation of larger polymer microlenses. These scanners have demonstrated a maximum vertical displacement of 0.71 mm at an actuation voltage of 23 V.
Un deuil dans le miroir de la psychanalyse : relire le <i>Et nunc manet in te</i> d’André Gide (2010)

This article aims to show that psychoanalytic theories can be supported by cultural productions, and foremost by literary works. As an example, we examine the text Gide dedicated to his wife shortly after her death, Et nunc manet in te. We argue, on the one hand, that it provides a striking illustration of Freud’s theory of mourning, and on the other hand, that a psychoanalytic reading helps correct a misunderstanding that has long shaped its reception - namely, the idea that the text is a “diminished portrait.” The article explains the text’s unusual structure as a result of the psychic work of mourning that underlies its writing.
Reduction of sulfur dioxide with methane over activated alumina (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of sulfur dioxide with methane over activated aluminaJohn Sarlis and Dimitrios BerkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1988, 27, 10, 1951–1954Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00082a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00082a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views188Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sugar‐Derived Phase‐Selective Molecular Gelators as Model Solidifiers for Oil Spills (2010)

Mopping up: Phase-selective gelators were synthesized from sugar alcohols using biocatalysis. The gelators exhibited an unprecedented ability to phase-selectively gel only organic liquids including crude-oil fractions in the presence of water at room temperature. Oil can be recovered from the gelled phase by heating and distillation. Thus this class of materials may be useful in recovering oil from spills.
171. Reaction of αβ-unsaturated acid chlorides with alcohols in the presence of tertiary amines (1964)

P. W. Hickmott, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 883 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640000883
Senescence-Accelerated Mouse(SAM). With Special Reference to Age-associated Pathologies and Their Modulation. (1996)

The senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM) has been under development by our research team at Kyoto University since 1970 through selective inbreeding of the AKR/J strain of mice donated by the Jackson Laboratory in 1968, based on the data of the grading score of senescence, life span, and pathologic phenotypes. At present, there are 12 lines of SAM; the 9 senescence-prone inbred strains (SAMP) include SAMP1, SAMP2, SAMP3, SAMP6, SAMP7, SAMP8, SAMP9, SAMP10 and SAMP11, and the 3 senescence-resistant inbred strains (SAMR) SAMR1, SANR4 and SAMR5. Data from survival curves, the Gompertzian function and the grading score of senescence, together with growth patterns of body weight of these SAMP and SAMR mice revealed that the characteristic feature of aging common to all SAMP mice is "accelerated senescence": early onset and irreversible advance of senescence manifested by several signs and gross lesions such as the loss of normal behavior, various skin lesions, increased lordokyphosis, etc., after a period of normal development. Routine postmortem examinations and the pathobiological features revealed by systematically designed studies have shown several pathologic phenotypes, which are often characteristic enough to differentiate among the various SAM strains: senile amyloidosis in SAMP1, -P2, -P7, -P9, -P10 and -P11, secondary amyloidosis in SAMP2 and -P6, contracted kidney in SAMP1, -P2, -P10, -P11, immunoblastic lymphoma in SAMR1 and -R4, histiocytic sarcoma in SAMR1 and -R4, ovarian cysts in SAMR1, impaired immune response in SAMP1, -P2 and -P8, hyperinflation of the lungs in SAMP1, hearing impairment in SAMP1, degenerative temporomandibular joint disease in SAMP3, senile osteoporosis in SAMP6, deficits in learning and memory in SAMP8 and -P10, emotional disorders in SAMP8 and -P10, cataracts in SAMP9, and brain atrophy in SAMP10. These are all age-associated pathologies, the incidence and severity of which increase with advancing age. The SAM model in which these pathobiological features have been carefully monitored will be a valuable tool for the clarification of the pathogenic mechanisms of age-associated pathologies and in research for effective methods to modulate or ameliorate these pathologies.
Rapid adhesive bonding concepts (1984)

Adhesive bonding in the aerospace industry typically utilizes autoclaves or presses which have considerable thermal mass. As a consequence, the rates of heatup and cooldown of the bonded parts are limited and the total time and cost of the bonding process is often relatively high. Many of the adhesives themselves do not inherently require long processing times. Bonding could be performed rapidly if the heat was concentrated in the bond lines or at least in the adherends. Rapid adhesive bonding concepts were developed to utilize induction heating techniques to provide heat directly to the bond line and/or adherends without heating the entire structure, supports, and fixtures of a bonding assembly. Bonding times for specimens are cut by a factor of 10 to 100 compared to standard press bonding. The development of rapid adhesive bonding for lap shear specimens (per ASTM D1003 and D3163), for aerospace panel bonding, and for field repair needs of metallic and advanced fiber reinforced polymeric matrix composite structures are reviewed.
Exon junction complexes mediate the enhancing effect of splicing on mRNA expression (2003)

Intron-containing genes are generally expressed more effectively in human cells than are intronless versions of the same gene. We have asked whether this effect is due directly to splicing or instead reflects the action of components of the exon junction complex (EJC) that is assembled at splice junctions after splicing is completed. Here, we show that intron removal does not enhance gene expression if EJC formation is blocked. Conversely, RNA tethering of the EJC components SRm160 or RNPS1 boosts the expression of intronless mRNAs but not of spliced mRNAs. Splicing and RNPS1 tethering are shown to enhance the same steps in mRNA biogenesis and function, including mRNA 3' end processing and translation. Together, these data argue that the EJC is primarily responsible for the positive effect of splicing on gene expression.
IBD: A vascular disorder? the case for heparin therapy (1997)

: In recent years, heparin has emerged as a possible therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Several recent, strongly positive, open-labeled series of heparin in both ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) reinforce the work of Gaffney and co-workers that suggested a benefit of heparin in UC. Although counterintuitive as a therapy for a disorder characterized by bleeding, heparin is intriguing also for implications with regard to the pathophysiology of UC and CD. Although the thromboembolic complications and hypercoagulable state associating flares of both UC and CD suggest that heparin may produce a benefit by treating microthrombi in the intestinal circulation, recent IBD research suggests that a broader endothelial dysfunction in regulation of coagulation, inflammation, and vascular repair may be important events in the pathogenesis of IBD. Heparin, with its diverse effects targeting the endothelium, may be an ideal agent to reverse these defects and produce significant therapeutic benefits in both UC and CD. Randomized, controlled trials currently in progress will help determine whether heparin and the endothelial cell are but another epiphenomenon in IBD or provide important clues to understanding its pathogenesis.
Optimized Design of a 32-nm CNFET-Based Low-Power Ultrawideband CCII (2012)

CMOS technology faces significant challenges like tunneling effect, random dopant fluctuation, and line edge roughness at channel lengths below 45 nm. Carbon nanotube-based electronics seems to be a better prospect for extending the saturating Moore's law because of its higher mobility, scalability, and better channel electrostatics. This paper presents an optimum design of a wide bandwidth, high-performance carbon nanotube field-effect transistor (CNFET) realization of a dual-output second-generation current conveyor (CCII±) at a 32-nm technology node. The performance of the CCII module has been thoroughly investigated in terms of number of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), the diameter of CNT and inter-CNT pitch. The parameters of individual CNFET are then modified to further improve the performance. The performance of the optimum CNFET (ITOPT)-based CCII is then compared with CMOS at different supply voltages. It has been found that CNFET-based CCII provides excellent high-frequency response and also consumes lower power at scaled supply voltage compared with its CMOS counterpart.
Gravity Currents in the Laboratory, Atmosphere, and Ocean (1982)

A gravity or current, is the flow of one fluid within another caused by the density difference between the fluids. The difference in specific weight that provides the driving force may be due to dissolved or suspended material or to temperature differences. Gravity currents are primarily horizontal, occurring as either top or bottom boundary currents, or as intrusions at some intermediate level. The fluids are usually miscible and the mixing that results can play an important part in the dynamics of the flow. Since gravity currents are formed in many different natural situations and may also be man-made, knowledge of their properties is of importance in many scientific disciplines. In the atmosphere, thunderstorm outflows and sea-breeze fronts are gravity currents of relatively cold dense air. Atmospheric-suspension gravity currents include avalanches of airborne snow particles, also fiery avalanches and base surges formed from gases and solids issuing from volcanic eruptions. Gravity currents have important applications in aircraft safety, atmo­ spheric pollution, entomology and pest control, and especially in dense-gas technology. Industrial accidents in which gravity currents may be formed include the spread of a dense gas from an accidental release. In the ocean, gravity currents are driven by salinity and temperature inhomogeneities, or as turbidity currents whose density derives from sus­ pended mud or silt. Lines of foam and debris on the ocean surface may indicate the front of a gravity frequently brought about by tidal processes. The latter also affect the behavior of gravity currents such as river plumes at the surface and salt wedges on a river bed. The important problems related to oil spillage on the sea have been the subject of a review paper in this series (Hoult 1972).
Liquid-metal-jet anode electron-impact x-ray source (2003)

We demonstrate an anode concept, based on a liquid-metal jet, for improved brightness in compact electron-impact x-ray sources. The source is demonstrated in a proof-of-principle experiment where a 50 keV, ∼100 W electron beam is focused on a 75 μm liquid-solder jet. The generated x-ray flux and brightness is quantitatively measured in the 7–50 keV spectral region and found to agree with theory. Compared to rotating-anode sources, whose brightness is limited by intrinsic thermal properties, the liquid-jet anode could potentially be scaled to achieve a brightness &gt;100× higher than current state-of-the-art sources. Applications such as mammography, angiography, and diffraction would benefit from such a compact high-brightness source.
Identification of Ellagic Acid Rhamnoside as a Bioactive Component of a Complex Botanical Extract with Anti-biofilm Activity (2017)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a leading cause of hospital-acquired infections. It is listed among the top "serious threats" to human health in the USA, due in large part to rising rates of resistance. Many <i>S. aureus</i> infections are recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy due to their ability to form a biofilm, which acts not only as a physical barrier to antibiotics and the immune system, but results in differences in metabolism that further restricts antibiotic efficacy. Development of a modular strategy to synthesize a library of phenolic glycosides allowed for bioactivity testing and identification of anti-biofilm compounds within an extract of the elmleaf blackberry (<i>Rubus ulmifolius</i>). Two ellagic acid (EA) derivatives, EA xyloside and EA rhamnoside, have been identified as components of the <i>Rubus</i> extract. In addition, EA rhamnoside has been identified as an inhibitor of biofilm formation, with activity comparable to the complex extract 220D-F2 (composed of a mixture of EA glycosides), and confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy analyses.
The fallacy of cookie cutter asset allocation (2001)

   In this paper, we establish why ``prefabricated'' asset allocation schemes mandated by some education savings programs might be suboptimal. Then, using the New York's College Savings Program as an example, we simulate and then compare end of period wealth accumulated in both a tax preferred but regimented asset allocation plan, and in a nontax protected plan. We find, first, that the longer the child participates in the plan, the greater the bene®t. Second, participants in higher tax brackets derive greater bene®ts; adherence to prespeci®ed asset allocation for low tax bracket investors often results in return loss that overshadows the tax benefit. Copyright 2001 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
Reaction of 1,1-dibenzoyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine with methyl p-toluenesulfonate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 1,1-dibenzoyl-2,2-dimethylhydrazine with methyl p-toluenesulfonateRichard F. Smith, Todd A. Craig, Thomas C. Rosenthal, and Robert F. OotCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 9, 1555–1556Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00871a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00871a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Primary Megakaryocytes Reveal a Role for Transcription Factor Nf-E2 in Integrin αiibβ3 Signaling (1999)

Platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 responds to intracellular signals by binding fibrinogen and triggering cytoskeletal reorganization, but the mechanisms of alphaIIbbeta3 signaling remain poorly understood. To better understand this process, we established conditions to study alphaIIbbeta3 signaling in primary murine megakaryocytes. Unlike platelets, these platelet precursors are amenable to genetic manipulation. Cytokine-stimulated bone marrow cultures produced three arbitrary populations of alphaIIbbeta3-expressing cells with increasing size and DNA ploidy: small progenitors, intermediate-size young megakaryocytes, and large mature megakaryocytes. A majority of the large megakaryocytes bound fibrinogen in response to agonists, while almost none of the smaller cells did. Fibrinogen binding to large megakaryocytes was inhibited by Sindbis virus-mediated expression of isolated beta3 integrin cytoplasmic tails. Strikingly, large megakaryocytes from mice deficient in the transcription factor NF-E2 failed to bind fibrinogen in response to agonists, despite normal surface expression of alphaIIbbeta3. Furthermore, while megakaryocytes from wild-type mice spread on immobilized fibrinogen and exhibited filopodia, lamellipodia and Rho-dependent focal adhesions and stress fibers, NF-E2-deficient megakaryocytes adhered poorly. These studies establish that agonist-induced activation of alphaIIbbeta3 is controlled by NF-E2-regulated signaling pathways that mature late in megakaryocyte development and converge at the beta3 cytoplasmic tail. Megakaryocytes provide a physiologically relevant and tractable system for analysis of bidirectional alphaIIbbeta3 signaling.
Polarimetry noise in fiber-based optical coherence tomography instrumentation (2011)

High noise levels in fiber-based polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT) have broadly limited its clinical utility. In this study we investigate contribution of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) to the polarimetry noise. We develop numerical models of the PS-OCT system including PMD and validate these models with empirical data. Using these models, we provide a framework for predicting noise levels, for processing signals to reduce noise, and for designing an optimized system.
The NumPy Array: A Structure for Efficient Numerical Computation (2011)

In the Python world, NumPy arrays are the standard representation for numerical data and enable efficient implementation of numerical computations in a high-level language. As this effort shows, NumPy performance can be improved through three techniques: vectorizing calculations, avoiding copying data in memory, and minimizing operation counts.