gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel molecular approach using triazine inhibitor to control corrosion and limit chloride ion penetration in steel reinforced concrete (2012)

The presence of chloride ions exceeding its critical concentration in its surrounding is one of the major causes for reinforcing steel corrosion, and subsequently, reduction in the strength of the structure occurs. A common method of preventing such deterioration is to prevent chlorides from penetrating the structure to the level of the reinforcing steel bar by organic corrosion inhibitors. The electrochemical behaviour of mild steel in seawater with or without 4[{(4,6-diamino-1,3,5-triazine-2-yl)imino}methyl]-2,5-cyclohexadiene-1-one, a new triazine inhibitor, is identified and synthesised by Insilco techniques in parts I and II of our previous study. Part III presents the evaluation of the new inhibitor in reinforced steel concrete specimens by current induced accelerated corrosion method and also its performance to prevent chloride penetration in concrete structures. Tests were conducted to Indian standards, ASTM standards and Council of Scientific and Industrial Research guidelines to control rebar corrosion. Results showed that the inhibitor efficiency is up to 85%, and also the rate of chloride penetration into the concrete specimens was decreased when the new inhibitor is used as admixture. In addition, the relationship between the molecular structure of these compounds and their inhibition efficiency has been investigated by ab initio quantum chemical calculations using CeriusCitation software program.
Combination Therapy of VEGF-Trap and Gemcitabine Results in Improved Anti-Tumor Efficacy in a Mouse Lung Cancer Model (2013)

Combination therapy using VEGF-Trap and gemcitabine resulted in improved anti-tumor efficacy in a lung cancer model and VEGF-Trap/gemcitabine combination might represent a promising strategy in the treatment of human lung cancer.
A brief examination of optical tagging technologies. (2003)

Presented within this report are the results of a brief examination of optical tagging technologies funded by the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program at Sandia National Laboratories. The work was performed during the summer months of 2002 with total funding of $65k. The intent of the project was to briefly examine a broad range of approaches to optical tagging concentrating on the wavelength range between ultraviolet (UV) and the short wavelength infrared (SWIR, {lambda} < 2{micro}m). Tagging approaches considered include such things as simple combinations of reflective and absorptive materials closely spaced in wavelength to give a high contrast over a short range of wavelengths, rare-earth oxides in transparent binders to produce a narrow absorption line hyperspectral tag, and fluorescing materials such as phosphors, dies and chemically precipitated particles. One technical approach examined in slightly greater detail was the use of fluorescing nano particles of metals and semiconductor materials. The idea was to embed such nano particles in an oily film or transparent paint binder. When pumped with a SWIR laser such as that produced by laser diodes at {lambda}=1.54{micro}m, the particles would fluoresce at slightly longer wavelengths, thereby giving a unique signal. While it is believed that optical tags are important for military, intelligence and even law enforcement applications, as a business area, tags do not appear to represent a high on return investment. Other government agencies frequently shop for existing or mature tag technologies but rarely are interested enough to pay for development of an untried technical approach. It was hoped that through a relatively small investment of laboratory R&D funds, enough technologies could be identified that a potential customers requirements could be met with a minimum of additional development work. Only time will tell if this proves to be correct.
A transmission geometry electrochemical cell for <i>in situ</i> x-ray diffraction (1993)

High intensity synchrotron x-ray radiation has increased the feasibility of studying the solid–liquid interface in situ. Recent work on the structure of Au single crystal electrodes has shown the need to merge appropriate electrochemical cell designs to work on standard four-circle diffractometers. In this report, a new electrochemical cell is described for use in in situ structure determination. The cell provides excellent electrochemical control of the electrode surface, as determined by the cyclic voltammagram, in conjunction with the x-ray studies.
Geometry-Informed Material Recognition (2016)

Our goal is to recognize material categories using images and geometry information. In many applications, such as construction management, coarse geometry information is available. We investigate how 3D geometry (surface normals, camera intrinsic and extrinsic parameters) can be used with 2D features (texture and color) to improve material classification. We introduce a new dataset, GeoMat, which is the first to provide both image and geometry data in the form of: (i) training and testing patches that were extracted at different scales and perspectives from real world examples of each material category, and (ii) a large scale construction site scene that includes 160 images and over 800,000 hand labeled 3D points. Our results show that using 2D and 3D features both jointly and independently to model materials improves classification accuracy across multiple scales and viewing directions for both material patches and images of a large scale construction site scene.
Adoptive Transfer of Tc1 or Tc17 Cells Elicits Antitumor Immunity against Established Melanoma through Distinct Mechanisms (2013)

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) of ex vivo-activated autologous tumor-reactive T cells is currently one of the most promising approaches for cancer immunotherapy. Recent studies provided some evidence that IL-17-producing CD8(+) (Tc17) cells may exhibit potent antitumor activity, but the specific mechanisms have not been completely defined. In this study, we used a murine melanoma lung-metastasis model and tested the therapeutic effects of gp100-specific polarized type I CD8(+) cytotoxic T (Tc1) or Tc17 cells combined with autologous bone marrow transplantation after total body irradiation. Bone marrow transplantation combined with ACT of antitumor (gp100-specific) Tc17 cells significantly suppressed the growth of established melanoma, whereas Tc1 cells induced long-term tumor regression. After ACT, Tc1 cells maintained their phenotype to produce IFN-γ, but not IL-17. However, although Tc17 cells largely preserved their ability to produce IL-17, a subset secreted IFN-γ or both IFN-γ and IL-17, indicating the plasticity of Tc17 cells in vivo. Furthermore, after ACT, the Tc17 cells had a long-lived effector T cell phenotype (CD127(hi)/KLRG-1(low)) as compared with Tc1 cells. Mechanistically, Tc1 cells mediated antitumor immunity primarily through the direct effect of IFN-γ on tumor cells. In contrast, despite the fact that some Tc17 cells also secreted IFN-γ, Tc17-mediated antitumor immunity was independent of the direct effects of IFN-γ on the tumor. Nevertheless, IFN-γ played a critical role by creating a microenvironment that promoted Tc17-mediated antitumor activity. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that both Tc1 and Tc17 cells can mediate effective antitumor immunity through distinct effector mechanisms, but Tc1 cells are superior to Tc17 cells in mediating tumor regression.
Role of Transcriptional <i>cis</i> -Elements, Angiotensinogen Gene–Activating Elements, of Angiotensinogen Gene in Blood Pressure Regulation (1996)

Results of recent genetic studies suggest that the angiotensinogen gene is a possible determinant of hypertension. Using antisense technology, we demonstrated that generation of circulating angiotensinogen is a rate-limiting step in blood pressure regulation. In the present study, we examined how the angiotensinogen gene is regulated in vivo. The transcriptional cis-elements, angiotensinogen gene-activating elements (AGE) 2 and 3, have been reported to regulate angiotensinogen production in human hepatocytes in vitro. To determine the critical transcriptional regulator of angiotensinogen production in vivo, we used synthetic double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) as "decoy" cis-elements to block the binding of nuclear factors to promoter regions of the targeted gene, resulting in the inhibition of gene transactivation. Here we examined whether AGE 2 and AGE 3 in the promoter region of the angiotensinogen gene have a pivotal role in hepatic angiotensinogen production in vivo. Hepatic angiotensinogen mRNA was decreased by the transfection of AGE 2 but not mismatched decoy ODN. Transfection of decoy but not mismatched ODN against AGE 2 resulted in a transient decrease in blood pressure of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), accompanied by a reduction in plasma angiotensinogen and angiotensin II levels. In contrast, transfection of AGE 3 decoy ODN had little effect on blood pressure. Overall, our results demonstrate that transfection of decoy ODN against AGE 2, but not against AGE 3, of the angiotensinogen gene resulted in a transient decrease in high blood pressure of SHR, suggesting that the transcriptional cis-element AGE 2, rather than AGE 3, has an important role in blood pressure regulation through the control of circulating angiotensinogen.
[Critical state medicine. Surfactant therapy of adult respiratory distress syndrome (results of multicenter studies)]. (2001)

The paper provides evidence for the pathogenetic approach to treating acute lung lesion (ALL) and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). An algorithm of the use of Russian lung surfactant preparations: CT-HL and CT-BL has been developed. In involves earlier (the first days following the onset of respiratory failure) use of surfactant, its combined bolus intratracheal or intrabronchial administration in doses of 200-400 mg/m2, followed by continuous (5-day) aerosol inhalation in doses of 20-30 mg/h for children and 30-75 mg/h for adults until pronounced clinical and X-ray effects are shown. Fifty three patients were found to develop ALL and ARDS in the presence of severe pneumonia, postperfusion lung disorders, reperfusion syndrome, pulmonary embolism, long-term artificial ventilation, combined car accident injury and gunshot wounds of the chest, heroine intoxication, septic shock, sepsis, postoperative sequels in cancer patients, and after hepatic transplantation or massive aspiration of gastric contents. Fifty patients were overcome their critical status, 44 survived. The duration of artificial ventilation (AV) ranged from 1 to 6 days. Earlier use of the drugs made it possible to transfer patients to safe AV regimens and to eliminate ALL and ARDS rapidly and to significantly reduce mortality due to critical states.
Interactive Runtime Verification &#x2014; A Ph.D to Improve Bug Detection and Understanding (2017)

Bugs cannot always be avoided and can have various consequences on the reliability of softwares. Techniques for finding and undestanding bugs are therefore needed for developers to be able to fix them. Existing techniques for finding and getting insight on bugs have limitations. Static analysis cannot detect every bugs, Interactive Debugging can be tedious, Runtime Verification usually does not have built-in mechanism to study bugs that are detected. This paper presents ongoing work as part of a Ph.D to fight against these limitations. More precisely, we introduce Interactive Runtime Verification, an approach that combines Interactive Debugging and Runtime Verification, and work needed around this approach.
An Overview of the Effects of Ethanol-Gasoline Blends on SI Engine Performance, Fuel Efficiency, and Emissions (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper provides an overview of the effects of blending ethanol with gasoline for use in spark ignition engines. The overview is written from the perspective of considering a future ethanol-gasoline blend for use in vehicles that have been designed to accommodate such a fuel. Therefore discussion of the effects of ethanol-gasoline blends on older legacy vehicles is not included.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">As background, highlights of future emissions regulations are discussed. The effects on fuel properties of blending ethanol and gasoline are described. The substantial increase in knock resistance and full load performance associated with the addition of ethanol to gasoline is illustrated with example data. Aspects of fuel efficiency enabled by increased ethanol content are reviewed, including downsizing and downspeeding opportunities, increased compression ratio, fundamental effects associated with ethanol combustion, and reduced enrichment requirement at high speed/high load conditions. The effects of ethanol content on emissions are also reviewed, including NMOG/CO/NO<sub>X</sub>, particulate matter, toxic compounds, and off-cycle and evaporative emissions.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Considering the engine and vehicle-related factors reviewed in this paper, a mid-level ethanol-gasoline blend (greater than E20 and less than E40) appears to be attractive as a future fuel. To provide high knock resistance, this fuel should be formulated using a blendstock that retains the octane of the current blendstock used for regular-grade E10 gasoline. Further work is needed to recommend a specific ethanol blend level, including analysis of fuel efficiency and CO₂ benefits for representative powertrain/vehicle applications, and of fuel production and supply considerations.</div></div>
Constitutive Accumulation of a Resveratrol-Glucoside in Transgenic Alfalfa Increases Resistance to <i>Phoma medicaginis</i> (2000)

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was transformed with a peanut (Arachis hypogaea) cDNA encoding resveratrol synthase (RS) transcriptionally regulated by an enhanced Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter. Transgenic plants accumulated a new compound, not present in wild-type or vector-transformed alfalfa, that was identified as trans-resveratrol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (RGluc) by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. RGluc concentration was highest in the youngest leaves (>15 microg per g fresh weight) and oldest stem internode segments (>10 microg per g fresh weight) while roots contained only trace amounts (<0.2 microg per g fresh weight). RS transcript levels were highest in leaves and stems, with comparatively little transcript accumulation in the roots, while an inverse pattern was observed for chalcone synthase (CHS) transcript levels. CHS directly competes with RS for the metabolic precursors p-coumaroyl CoA and malonyl CoA, and may also contribute to the developmental variations in RGluc levels by limiting the availability of substrates. Agar-plate bioassays indicated that both RGluc and resveratrol greatly inhibit hyphal growth of the alfalfa fungal pathogen Phoma medicaginis. Subsequently, RGluc-containing leaves were wound inoculated and showed a significant reduction (relative to control leaves) in the size of necrotic lesions, intensity of adjacent chlorosis, and number of fungal reproductive structures (pycnidia). Decreasing sporulation of this pathogen may greatly reduce disease spread and severity throughout the field.
Amplified spontaneous emission from the (B→X) system in I2 (1985)

The molecule I2 is one of the most thoroughly studied diatomic species, and numerous spectroscopic and kinetic data are available. The potential curves of the lower-lying states are now characterized with extremely high precision.1 Iodine has also been the subject of many laser investigations, and although both pulsed and cw optically pumped2,3 B→X lasers have been reported, there has been only a single brief paper4 describing amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in I2(B→X). In this paper we describe results of a detailed study of the spectroscopy and kinetics of ASE in I2.
Cocaine augments peripheral benzodiazepine binding in humans. (1990)

Acute cocaine administration has been reported to alter central benzodiazepine binding in animals. The authors examined the effects of chronic cocaine use on binding at the peripheral benzodiazepine site on platelets in cocaine users (N = 8), heavy ethanol users (N = 4), and controls (N = 7). The groups were matched for age and sex. None of the subjects reported recent benzodiazepine use, but neither serum nor urine testing was performed. Apparent affinity at the peripheral benzodiazepine site was similar in the three groups. However, the number of binding sites was significantly greater in cocaine users. These results indicate that cocaine use affects peripheral benzodiazepine binding in humans and might also alter central benzodiazepine effects.
YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i>-Y2O3 system and <i>in</i> <i>situ</i> deposition of trilayer heterostructures by coevaporation (1991)

We have deposited YBa2Cu3O7−x-Y2O3-YBa2Cu3O7−x heterostuctures by an in situ electron-beam coevaporation technique. Physical and chemical properties of Y2O3 were studied. The deposition conditions for Y2O3 and YBa2Cu3O7−x are completely compatible. The crystal structure of Y2O3 provides a close lattice match with YBa2Cu3O7−x and allows oxygen diffusion through Y2O3, so that heteroepitaxy and the tetragonal-orthorhombic structural transformations of YBa2Cu3O7−x can be achieved. The heterostructures are therefore of high quality. Both the top and the bottom YBa2Cu3O7−x layers are superconducting above 85 K. Tunneling phenomena on junctions fabricated from these trilayers were observed.
Ideal Wave Filters* (1935)

The increasing usefulness of wave filters in the telephone plant, together with rising standards of quality, emphasizes the need of a systematic method for approximating ideal characteristics as closely as we please. By an ideal filter is meant a network having the properties of a distortionless transducer over a given frequency range and suppressing all other frequencies. A design method is presented whereby an arbitrarily close approximation to these properties may be realized in a physical network. Examples of actual designs illustrate the engineering features involved in the practical application of the theory.
Direct C-2 Acylation of Thiazoles with Aldehydes via Metal- and Solvent-Free C–H Activation in the Presence of tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide (2013)

A novel and efficient methodology for the synthesis of heteroaryl ketones by C–H activation of aldehydes and thiazoles is developed. The reaction occurs smoothly, under metal-, acid- and solvent-free conditions using <i>tert</i>-butyl hydroperoxide as the oxidant under an air atmosphere, to afford a wide range of heteroaryl ketones in moderate to good yields. The sp<sup>2</sup> C–H bonds in the aldehyde and thiazole undergo direct oxidative cross-coupling, resulting in C-2 acylation of the azole.
Some Applications of Negative Feedback with Particular Reference to Laboratory Equipment (1939)

The application of feedback to an entire amplifier rather than just to the final stage makes it possible to realize the characteristics of a perfect amplifier over wide frequency ranges. The use of such amplifiers to give direct-reading audio-frequency voltmeters with permanent calibration and any desired sensitivity is described. Negative feedback can be used to reduce the distortion in the output of laboratory oscillators for all loads from open circuit to short circuit by the expedient of throwing away a part of the output power in a resistive network. Means are described for applying feedback to tuned radio-frequency amplifiers so that the amplification depends only upon the constants of the tuned circuit and is independent of the tubes and supply voltages. The use of negative feedback to develop a stabilized negative resistance substantially independent of tubes and supply voltages is considered, and various applications described. High selectivity can be obtained by deriving the feedback voltage from the neutral arm of a bridge, one leg of which involves a parallel resonant circuit. It is possible by this means to obtain an effective circuit Q of several thousand, using ordinary tuned circuits, and the selectivity can be varied without affecting the amplification at resonance. The use of these highly selective circuits in wave analyzers is considered. Feedback can be used to give improved laboratory oscillators.
A 35-ns 128K×8 CMOS SRAM (1987)

A 128 K/spl times/8-b CMOS SRAM with TTL input/output levels and a typical address access time of 35 ns is described. A novel data transfer circuit with dual threshold level is utilized to obtain improved noise immunity. A divided-word-line architecture and an automatic power reduction function are utilized to achieve a low operational power of 10 mW at 1 MHz, and 100 mW at 10 MHz. A novel fabrication technology, including improved LOCOS and highly stable polysilicon loads, was introduced to achieve a compact memory cell which measures 6.4/spl times/11.5 /spl mu/m/SUP 2/. Typical standby current is 2 /spl mu/A. The RAM was fabricated with 1.0-/spl mu/m design rules, double-level polysilicon, and double-level aluminum CMOS technology. The chip size of the RAM is 8/spl times/13.65 mm/SUP 2/.
Evidence for extrathymic changes in the T cell receptor gamma/delta repertoire. (1990)

The germline repertoire of variable genes for the TCR-gamma/delta is limited. This, together with the availability of several V delta-specific and a C delta-specific mAbs, has made it possible to assess differences in the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in man. TCR-gamma/delta cells expressing particular V gene segments have been previously shown to be localized in different anatomical sites. In this study, analysis of TCR-gamma/delta V gene segment usage performed on subjects from the time of birth through adulthood revealed striking age-related changes in the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in peripheral blood. V delta 1+ gamma/delta T cells predominated in thymus as well as in peripheral blood at birth and then persisted as a relatively constant proportion of CD3+ PBL. However, V delta 2+ gamma/delta T cells that constitute a small proportion of the CD3+ cells in thymus and in peripheral blood at birth, then expand and account for the major population of gamma/delta T cells in PBL in adults. No parallel postnatal expansion of V delta 2+ cells in the thymus was observed, even when paired thymus-peripheral blood specimens were obtained on subjects between the ages of 3 d and 8 yr. The subset of V delta 2+ lymphocytes that was expanded in peripheral blood expressed high levels of CD45RO suggesting prior activation of these cells, consistent with the possibility that their expansion might have resulted from exposure to foreign antigens or superantigens. In contrast, V delta 1+ T cells in PBL showed no comparable increase in relative numbers and were either negative or expressed only low levels of CD45RO. Consistent with evidence for extrathymic peripheral expansion of selective TCR-gamma/delta subsets, no link between MHC haplotype and differences in the TCR-gamma/delta V gene usage between individuals was apparent, and identical twins displayed TCR-gamma/delta variable gene segment phenotypes that were strikingly different from one another. The elements that determine the TCR-gamma/delta repertoire in individuals are not known. It is possible that both thymic selection and extrathymic factors may influence the peripheral repertoire. Recently, TCR-gamma/delta+ lymphocytes have been shown to expand markedly in peripheral lymphoid tissues and infectious lesions in response to mycobacterial antigens, and a correlation between mycobacterial responses and TCR-gamma/delta V gene usage has been shown in mice. The data presented here demonstrated peripheral age-related changes in the gamma/delta repertoire and point to the importance of extrathymic expansion of specific gamma/delta subsets in generating the human TCR-gamma/delta repertoire.