gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prefetching for visual data exploration (2003)

Modern computer applications, from business decision support to scientific data analysis, utilize data visualization tools to support exploratory activities. Visual exploration tools typically do not scale well when applied to huge data sets, partially because being interactive necessitates real-time responses. However, we observe that interactive visual explorations exhibit several properties that can be exploited for data access optimization, including locality of exploration, contiguous queries, and significant delays between user operations. We thus apply semantic caching of active query sets on the client side to exploit some of the above characteristics. We also introduce several prefetching strategies, each exploiting characteristics of our visual exploration environment. We have incorporated caching and prefetching strategies into XmdvTool, a public-domain tool for visual exploration of multivariate data sets. Experimental studies using synthetic as well as real user traces are conducted. Our results demonstrate that these proposed optimization techniques achieve significant performance improvements in our exploratory analysis system.
Application of Ground-based and Air/Spaceborne Radars for Oil Spill Detection in Sea Areas (1997)

Progress of radar methods for oil spill detection in sea areas is reviewed. The microwave and HF radar techniques are discussed for ground-based and shipborne facilities, as well as for air/spaceborne radars. Methods of spectral and time-domain data processing are suggested and measurement results presented.
Redox reactivity of iron(III) porphyrins and heme proteins with nitric oxide. Nitrosyl transfer to carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRedox reactivity of iron(III) porphyrins and heme proteins with nitric oxide. Nitrosyl transfer to carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfurRuth S. Wade and C. E. CastroCite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 1990, 3, 4, 289–291Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx00016a002https://doi.org/10.1021/tx00016a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
CMOS integration of solid phase epitaxy for sub-50nm devices (2005)

In this work, we report a study of the integration of NMOS and PMOS junctions with solid phase epitaxy (SPE). For the first time, considerably improved short channel effects are demonstrated with SPE for both NMOS and PMOS (-30% / -25% in DIBL at L/sub g/=40nm for N and P devices respectively). However, a 12/15% (NMOS/PMOS) Ion degradation is observed at V/sub d/=0.9V that is explained by a contact resistance issue. Solving this contact resistance problem enables to recover the performance of spike annealed devices within 5%. Gate capacitance measurements demonstrate no significant poly-depletion degradation. Finally no degradation is reported for the poly-edge linear junction leakage and bulk-to-drain leakage. These results demonstrate the potentiality of SPE at the 45nm node and below.
„Blauer Engel“, „Grüner Punkt“ — Umweltschutz und Wettbewerbsrecht (1996)

Wer heute nicht an die Umwelt denkt, hat die Welt von morgen vergessen. Das ist ein mahnendes Wort, das sich an jeden von uns richtet. Es ist aber auch ein Appell an unser Gemeinwesen, zunächst vornehmlich an den nationalen Gesetzgeber, zunehmend mehr aber an die rechtsetzenden Organe der Europäischen Union, das Zusammenleben der Menschen so einzurichten, daß sie sich auch künftig auf dem Planeten wohl, wenn nicht gar wohler fühlen können. Der Umweltgedanke wird ernst genommen. Er hat Eingang in die Verfassung gefunden. Nach einer mehr als über zwanzig Jahre dauernden Debatte hat der Gesetzgeber des Jahres 1994 den Umweltschutz als Staatsziel in die Verfassung aufgenommen. Art. 20 a GG lautet: Der Staat schützt auch in Verantwortung für die künftigen Generationen die natürlichen Lebensgrundlagen im Rahmen der verfassungsmäßigen Ordnung durch die Gesetzgebung und nach Maßgabe von Gesetz und Recht durch die vollziehende Gewalt und Rechtsprechung.
An Overview of the Intel TFLOPS Supercomputer (1998)

Computer simulations needed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) greatly exceed the capacity of the world&apos;s most powerful supercomputers. To satisfy this need, the DOE created the Accelerated Strategic Computing Initiative (ASCI). This program accelerates the development of new scalable supercomputers and will lead to a supercomputer early in the next century that can run at a rate of 100 trillion floating point operations per second (TFLOPS). Intel built the first computer in this program, the ASCI Option Red Supercomputer (also known as the Intel TFLOPS supercomputer). This system has over 4500 nodes, 594 Gbytes of RAM, and two independent 1 Tbyte disk systems. Late in the spring of 1997, we set the MP LINPACK world record of 1.34 TFLOPS. In this paper, we give an overview of the ASCI Option Red Supercomputer. The motivation for building this supercomputer is presented and the hardware and software views of the machine are described in detail. We also briefly discuss what it is like to use the machine.
Mechanistic Insights into Polar Monomer Insertion Polymerization from Acrylamides (2011)

N-Isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), N,N-dimethyl acrylamide (DMAA), and 2-acetamidoethyl acrylate (AcAMEA) were copolymerized with ethylene employing [(P^O)PdMe(DMSO)] (1-DMSO; P^O = κ(2)-P,O-Ar(2)PC(6)H(4)SO(2)O with Ar = 2-MeOC(6)H(4)) as a catalyst precursor. Inhibition studies with nonpolymerizable polar additives show that reversible κ-O-coordination of free amide retards polymerization significantly. Retardation of polymerization increases in the order ethyl acetate ≪ methyl ethyl sulfone < acetonitrile < N,N-dimethylacetamide ≈ N-methylacetamide ≈ propionic acid < dimethylsulfoxide. Pseudo-first-order rate constants for the insertion into 1-DMSO were determined to increase in the order DMAA < AcAMEA < NIPAM < methyl acrylate. Exposure of 1-DMSO to NIPAM resulted in the formation of consecutive insertion products [(P^O)Pd(C(6)H(11)NO(2))(n)Me] (n ≤ 3), as determined by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The solid-state structure of the methanol adduct of the 2,1-insertion product of NIPAM into 1-DMSO, [(P^O)Pd{η(1)-CH(CONHiPr)CH(2)CH(3)}(κ(1)-O-MeOD)] (2-MeOD), was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both 2,1- and 1,2-insertions of DMAA into the Pd-Me bond of a [(P^O)PdMe] fragment occur to afford a ca. 4:1 mixture of chelates [(P^O)Pd{κ(2)-C,O-C(CH(2)CH(3))C(O)NMe(2)}] (3) and [(P^O)Pd{κ(2)-C,O-CH(2)C(CH(3))C(O)NMe(2)}] (4). The four-membered chelate of 3 is opened by coordination of 2,6-lutidine (3 + 2,6-lutidine ⇌ 3-LUT) with ΔH° = -41.8(10.5) kJ and ΔS° = -115(37) J mol(-1) K(-1).
Rural communications in India using fixed cellular radio systems (1994)

Seventy-five percent of India's population is in rural villages, yet almost 90 percent of the country's phones are in urban sites. The authors propose a fixed cellular radio system, combined with the existing mobile network, as a cost effective way to extend telecommunications services to India's rural areas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PbSe Nanocrystal-Based Infrared-to-Visible Up-Conversion Device (2011)

Low-cost hybrid up-conversion devices with infrared sensitivity to 1.5 μm were obtained by integrating a colloidal PbSe nanocrystal near-infrared sensitizing layer on a green phosphorescent organic light emitting diode. A ZnO nanocrystal hole blocking layer is incorporated in the devices for keeping the device off in the absence of IR excitation. The maximum photon (1.3 μm)-to-photon (0.52 μm) conversion efficiency is 1.3%. The extension (until 1.5 μm) of the near-infrared wavelengths, which can be converted to visible light, may be able to improve night vision.
Considerations in Choosing Online Collaboration Systems: Functions, Uses, and Effects (2011)

In this article, we explore the functions, uses, and effects of collaborative technologies in higher education classroom contexts. Increased interest in collaborative learning strategies and the burgeoning number of courses offered online indicate the need to consider collaborative technologies as part of the instructional design process. Existing and upcoming technologies provide potentially powerful and useful collaborative features, but we argue they are not neutral choices. The functions a particular collaborative technology offers, along with how the functions are utilized, will affect the learning environment. We explore the functions, uses, and effects of two collaborative systems as a way of assisting instructors in choosing a system to meet their learning objectives.
BpCu-Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of Olefins:  A Simple System That Operates under Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Conditions (Bp = Dihydridobis(pyrazolyl)borate) (1998)

The complexes BpCu (1), BpCuL (L = bipy, 2; L = Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2, 3; L = PCy3, 4) and BpCuL2 (L = py, 5; L = PPh3, 6) catalyze the cyclopropanation of olefins in moderate to high yields in the homogeneous phase. These compounds can also be used under heterogeneous conditions, when supported on silica gel. Complex 1 converts an equimolar mixture of an olefin (styrene, cis-cyclooctene, 1-hexene) and ethyl diazoacetate in the corresponding cyclopropanes in high yield with no excess of olefin employed. For the heterogeneous system, the catalysts can be recovered and reused several times (6−12 cycles) up to ca. 1000 turnovers. The data available suggest the existence of a common active species: the 14-electron BpCu fragment 1. These data consist of competition experiments with para-substituted styrenes as well as kinetic studies carried out in the presence and in the absence of the alkene.
Three-dimensional object recognition by Fourier transform profilometry (1999)

An automatic method for three-dimensional (3-D) shape recognition is proposed. It combines the Fourier transform profilometry technique with a real-time recognition setup such as the joint transform correlator (JTC). A grating is projected onto the object surface resulting in a distorted grating pattern. Since this pattern carries information about the depth and the shape of the object, their comparison provides a method for recognizing 3-D objects in real time. A two-cycle JTC is used for this purpose. Experimental results demonstrate the theory and show the utility of the new proposed method.
Membrane-Based, Sedimentation-Assisted Plasma Separator for Point-of-Care Applications (2013)

Often, high-sensitivity, point-of-care (POC) clinical tests, such as HIV viral load, require large volumes of plasma. Although centrifuges are ubiquitously used in clinical laboratories to separate plasma from whole blood, centrifugation is generally inappropriate for on-site testing. Suitable alternatives are not readily available to separate the relatively large volumes of plasma from milliliters of blood that may be needed to meet stringent limit-of-detection specifications for low-abundance target molecules. We report on a simple-to-use, low-cost, pump-free, membrane-based, sedimentation-assisted plasma separator capable of separating a relatively large volume of plasma from undiluted whole blood within minutes. This plasma separator consists of an asymmetric, porous, polysulfone membrane housed in a disposable chamber. The separation process takes advantage of both gravitational sedimentation of blood cells and size exclusion-based filtration. The plasma separator demonstrated a "blood in-plasma out" capability, consistently extracting 275 ± 33.5 μL of plasma from 1.8 mL of undiluted whole blood within less than 7 min. The device was used to separate plasma laden with HIV viruses from HIV virus-spiked whole blood with recovery efficiencies of 95.5% ± 3.5%, 88.0% ± 9.5%, and 81.5% ± 12.1% for viral loads of 35,000, 3500, and 350 copies/mL, respectively. The separation process is self-terminating to prevent excessive hemolysis. The HIV-laden plasma was then injected into our custom-made microfluidic chip for nucleic acid testing and was successfully subjected to reverse-transcriptase loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), demonstrating that the plasma is sufficiently pure to support high-efficiency nucleic acid amplification.
Role of Anions in Low pH-induced Translocation of Diphtheria Toxin (1989)

Previous work has shown that when Vero cells with surface-bound diphtheria toxin are exposed to low pH, toxin entry across the plasma membrane is induced and that this entry involves two steps, insertion of the B-fragment of the toxin into the membrane and translocation of the enzymatically active A-fragment to the cytosol. Here we have studied the role of permeant anions in this process. It was found that when the B-fragment was inserted into the membrane, part of it, a 25-kDa polypeptide, was shielded from externally added Pronase. This insertion did not require permeant anions. The translocation of the A-fragment was monitored by measuring either its ability to inhibit protein synthesis in the cells or the appearance of radioactively labeled 21-kDa fragment after treatment of the cells with externally applied Pronase. The translocation of the A-fragment was dependent on the presence of permeant anions in the medium. However, when the cells were depleted of Cl- by incubation in Cl- free buffer at high pH, translocation of the A-fragment did not require permeant anions in the medium. The possibility that translocation of the A-fragment is inhibited by an outward directed chloride gradient rather than by the absence of chloride is discussed.
Arterial Wall Mechanics in Conscious Dogs (1995)

To evaluate arterial physiopathology, complete arterial wall mechanical characterization is necessary. This study presents a model for determining the elastic response of elastin (sigma E, where sigma is stress), collagen (sigma C), and smooth muscle (sigma SM) fibers and viscous (sigma eta) and inertial (sigma M) aortic wall behaviors. Our work assumes that the total stress developed by the wall to resist stretching is governed by the elastic modulus of elastin fibers (EE), the elastic modulus of collagen (EC) affected by the fraction of collagen fibers (fC) recruited to support wall stress, and the elastic modulus of the maximally contracted vascular smooth muscle (ESM) affected by an activation function (fA). We constructed the constitutive equation of the aortic wall on the basis of three different hookean materials and two nonlinear functions, fA and fC: sigma = sigma E + sigma C + sigma SM + sigma eta + sigma M = EE. (epsilon - epsilon 0E) + EC.fC.epsilon + ESM.fA.epsilon + eta. [equation: see text] + M.[equation: see text] where epsilon is strain and epsilon 0E is strain at zero stress. Stress-strain relations in the control state and during activation of smooth muscle (phenylephrine, 5 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 IV) were obtained by transient occlusions of the descending aorta and the inferior vena cava in 15 conscious dogs by using descending thoracic aortic pressure (microtransducer) and diameter (sonomicrometry) measurements. The fC was not linear with strain, and at the onset of significant collagen participation in the elastic response (break point of the stress-strain relation), 6.02 +/- 2.6% collagen fibers were recruited at 23% of stretching of the unstressed diameter. The fA exhibited a skewed unimodal curve with a maximum level of activation at 28.3 +/- 7.9% of stretching. The aortic wall dynamic behavior was modified by activation increasing viscous (eta) and inertial (M) moduli from the control to active state (viscous, 3.8 +/- 1.3 x 10(4) to 7.8 +/- 1.1 x 10(4) dyne.s.cm-2, P < .0005; inertial, 61 +/- 42 to 91 +/- 23 dyne.s2.cm-2, P < .05). Finally, the purely elastic stress-strain relation was assessed by subtracting the viscous and inertial behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of N<sup>4</sup>‐Methyl‐5‐azacytidines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spatio-temporal feature points detection and extraction based on convolutional neural network (2015)

Convolutional neural network is a kind of deep learning model, but it only act on a single image generally. This paper expands the convolutional neural network, studies common spatio-temporal features detection and extraction algorithm, proposes a model for detecting and extracting spatio-temporal features based on convolutional neural network, applicates convolutional neural network in action recognition. This model use a plurality of consecutive video frames as input, extract image feature and time dimension information from sequent video frames, convolute and sub sampling alternately, extract a variety of advanced complex abstract features gradually. Experiments show that spatio-temporal convolution neural network has improved ability to classifing and learning.
The development of high voltage power capacitor technology in Japan (1995)

Unlike other countries, Japan has differed from the normal industrial trend toward using large, tank-type high voltage power capacitors. Recent notable achievements are the development of completely enclosed, compact capacitor banks, which are composed of very large capacitor units. Can-type capacitors have been also manufactured and used in Japan and have been highly developed recently, especially in the field of metallized film capacitors. Described in this report is the development of high voltage capacitor technology, especially of tank-type capacitors. The scale of substations has become larger year by year with the expansion of the Japanese economy. Compact capacitor banks save space but allow unit capacities of main substations to be increased.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Current Strategies for Identifying and Validating Targets for New Treatment-Shortening Drugs for TB (2007)

There is an urgent need for new drugs to treat tuberculosis. During the last forty years the only drugs to have been developed are variations on existing ones, but new drug candidates must offer improvements over existing agents. In particular, we require new drugs having novel mechanisms of action that are active against drug-resistant strains and also kill persistent bacilli, thus shortening the length of chemotherapy. Recent advances in our understanding of the biology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in particularly the availability of the genome sequence coupled with development of new genetic tools, have greatly contributed to the discovery of potential drug targets for new antituberculars. However, although many potential new drug targets have been identified, greater effort is required in target validation to show properly that they are essential for bacterial growth and survival. In this review, the current drug development pipeline and the strategies employed to identify and validate novel tuberculosis drug targets are presented.
Distribution and Abundance of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Sand Settling Reservoirs and Drinking Water Treatment Plants across the Yellow River, China (2018)

Understanding how antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are distributed in drinking water treatment processes is important due to their potential public health risk. Little is known about the occurrence and distribution of ARGs in typical drinking water treatment processes, such as sand settling reservoirs (SSRs) and drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs), in the Yellow River, especially at the catchment scale. In this study, ARG profiling was investigated from water samples of influent (river water) and effluent (source water) of SSRs and finished water of DWTPs in six cities along the Yellow River catchment using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Seventeen ARGs and two mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected, among which aadE, strA, strB, tetA, sulII, intl1, and Tn916 had high detection rates (over 80%). The absolute abundances (gene copies/mL of water) of ARGs were reduced by the SSRs and DWTPs generally, but no reductions were observed for the relative abundances (gene copies/16S rRNA gene) of ARGs. Spatial distributions of ARGs and bacteria were not observed. The distribution of bacterial genera was clustered into four dominant patterns in different water type samples. The bacterial genera Pseudomonas, Massilia, Acinetobacter, Sphingomonas, Methylobacterium, and Brevundimonas dominated the finished water, with Brevundimonas and Methylobacterium being speculated to be potential hosts for two ARGs (strA and strB) through network analysis. The enrichment of these two genera, likely caused by selection of disinfection process, may contribute to the higher relative abundance of ARGs in finished water. This study provides insight and effective assessment of the potential risk of ARGs in drinking water treatment processes at the catchment scale.
Practical Botany – The Maltese Cross (2015)

One of the simplest tests to identify particles as starch is to view their appearance in polarizing light. Polarizing filters for student microscopes were made from inexpensive, long-lasting polarizing film. With their high degree of internal organization and relatively round shape, starch grains are almost crystalline in structure and exhibit birefringence under cross-polarized light. The starch grains appear bright against the dark field and each starch grain shows a Maltese cross when viewed with the light microscope. The presence of the telltale Maltese cross can be used to determine if starch is present and has many practical applications. In this laboratory exercise, students examine the properties of polarizing light and look for the presence of the distinctive Maltese cross in a variety of known and unknown substances to determine if starch is present.
On the DAG Decomposition (2015)

In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm to decompose a directed acyclic graph G into a minimized set of node-disjoint chains, which cover all the nodes of G. For any two nodes u and v on a chain, if u is above v then there is a path from u to v in G. The best algorithm for this problem up to now needs O(n) time, where n is the number of the nodes of G. Our algorithm, however, needs only O(n) time, where  is G’s width, defined to be the size of a largest node subset U of G such that for every pair of nodes x, y  U, there does not exist a path from x to y or from y to x. More importantly, by the existing algorithm, O(n) extra space (besides the space for G itself) is required to maintain the transitive closure of G to do the task while ours needs only O(n) extra space.