gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Radiotherapy by Lipid Nanocapsule-Mediated Delivery of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles to Intracellular Membranes (2014)

Amphiphilic gold nanoparticles (amph-NPs), composed of gold cores surrounded by an amphiphilic mixed organic ligand shell, are capable of embedding within and traversing lipid membranes. Here we describe a strategy using crosslink-stabilized lipid nanocapsules (NCs) as carriers to transport such membrane-penetrating particles into tumor cells and promote their transfer to intracellular membranes for enhanced radiotherapy of cancer. We synthesized and characterized interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar lipid vesicles (ICMVs) carrying amph-NPs embedded in the capsule walls, forming Au-NCs. Confocal and electron microscopies revealed that the intracellular distribution of amph-NPs within melanoma and breast tumor cells following uptake of free particles vs Au-NCs was quite distinct and that amph-NPs initially delivered into endosomes by Au-NCs transferred over a period of hours to intracellular membranes through tumor cells, with greater intracellular spread in melanoma cells than breast carcinoma cells. Clonogenic assays revealed that Au-NCs enhanced radiotherapeutic killing of melanoma cells. Thus, multilamellar lipid capsules may serve as an effective carrier to deliver amphiphilic gold nanoparticles to tumors, where the membrane-penetrating properties of these materials can significantly enhance the efficacy of frontline radiotherapy treatments.
Physical modeling of the cellular arrangement in C. elegans early embryo: effect of rounding and stiffening of the cells. (2002)

The ultimate goal of bioinformatics is to reconstruct biological systems in a computer. Biological systems have a multi-scale and multi-level biological hierarchy. The cellular level of the hierarchy is appropriate and practicable for reconstructing biological systems by computer modeling. In our first application of computer modeling to development of the nematode C. elegans, we focus on the cellular arrangement in early embryos. This plays a very important role in cell fate determination by cell-cell interaction, which is largely restricted by physical conditions. We have already constructed a computer model of a C. elegans embryo, currently up to the 4-cell stage, using deformable and dividable geometric graphics. Modeling components of the embryo are based solely on cellular-level dynamics. Here, we modeled new physical phenomena of cell division, cell rounding and stiffening; we then combined them with already modeled phenomena, contractile ring contraction and cell elongation. We investigated effectiveness of the new model on cellular arrangement by computer simulations. We found that cell rounding and stiffening only during the period of cell division were effective to generate almost identical cellular arrangements to in real embryos. Since cells could be soft during the period between cell divisions, implementation of the new model resulted in cell shapes similar to real embryos. The nature of the model and its relationship to real embryos are discussed.
A revised B spline interpolation algorithm of CNC machining (2009)

In modern CNC machining, the interpolation of complex profile curve with high speed and high accuracy is required. Based on B spline curve theory, a revised algorithm of cubic B spline curve interpolation is presented in the paper. This proposed algorithm gives a new method which is based on pre-judgment of machining feedrate to calculate the tangent vectors of spline curve junction. The tangential vectors are used to establish the spline curve equations with time as a parameter. The trajectory and feedrate profile can be generated simultaneously with these equations. The simulation results show that the algorithm has high calculation efficiency and meet the demands of trajectory accuracy and feedrate smoothing.
Reverse engineering gene networks: Integrating genetic perturbations with dynamical modeling (2003)

While the fundamental building blocks of biology are being tabulated by the various genome projects, microarray technology is setting the stage for the task of deducing the connectivity of large-scale gene networks. We show how the perturbation of carefully chosen genes in a microarray experiment can be used in conjunction with a reverse engineering algorithm to reveal the architecture of an underlying gene regulatory network. Our iterative scheme identifies the network topology by analyzing the steady-state changes in gene expression resulting from the systematic perturbation of a particular node in the network. We highlight the validity of our reverse engineering approach through the successful deduction of the topology of a linear in numero gene network and a recently reported model for the segmentation polarity network in Drosophila melanogaster. Our method may prove useful in identifying and validating specific drug targets and in deconvolving the effects of chemical compounds.
Reactions in the Salicylic Acid Series. A New Rearrangement of Acylsalicylic Acid Derivatives (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions in the Salicylic Acid Series. A New Rearrangement of Acylsalicylic Acid DerivativesFred Kagan and Robert D. BirkenmeyerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 8, 1986–1991Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01517a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01517a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views437Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dispersion Mitigation Using a Fiber-Bragg-Grating Sideband Filter and a Tunable Electronic Equalizer (2001)

Error-free transmission (PRBS 223-1, BER = 10−9) over 225km non-dispersion shifted standard singlemode fiber is demonstrated at 10 Gbit/s using a vestigial sideband signal generated with a fiber Bragg grating. Electrical dispersion equalization is assisted by a transversal filter SiGe chip.
Thermodynamics of sulfur chemisorption on metals. I. Alumina-supported nickel (1980)

Sulfur chemisorption isosteres have been measured for nickel in powdered form and for nickel supported on two different alumina powders. The experiments were conducted in a closed-loop gas recirculation system containing one atmosphere hydrogen. Isotherms were determined by stepwise injection of H2S aliquots into recirculating hydrogen gas and analyzing for the H2S concentration as equilibrium was approached. Isosteres were measured by varying the sample temperature and monitoring the H2S/H2 ratio in the gaseous environment. A gas chromatograph and a photoionization detector was used to measure the H2S concentration to levels below 1 ppb. As monolayer coverage is approached the H2S/H2 ratio attains the equilibrium values reported for the bulk sulfide, Ni3S2. Adsorbed sulfur is very strongly bound to the surface of nickel. The heat of formation of chemisorbed sulfur with respect to 1/2 S2(g) at 800 K is 247 kJ mol−1 more negative than the heat of formation of Ni3S2. The heat of segregation exceeds 190 kJ mol−1. The results demonstrate that the equilibrium sulfur coverage exceeds one half monolayer on Ni/Al2O3 unless the H2S/H2 ratio is less than 1 ppb even at temperatures as high as 940 K.
The electrical properties of poly(5,6-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1,4-ylene) derivatives (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe electrical properties of poly(5,6-dihydroxy-2-cyclohexen-1,4-ylene) derivativesD. R. McKean and J. K. StilleCite this: Macromolecules 1987, 20, 8, 1787–1792Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00174a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00174a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reactions of Sulfenyl Chlorides with Thionocarbamates (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Reactions of Sulfenyl Chlorides with ThionocarbamatesJohn F. Harris Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 1, 155–158Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01486a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01486a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of Species-specific Determinants of the Action of the Antagonist Capsazepine and the Agonist PPAHV on TRPV1 (2004)

The vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1 or TRPV1) ion channel is activated by noxious heat, low pH and by a variety of vanilloid-related compounds. The antagonist, capsazepine is more effective at inhibiting the human TRPV1 response to pH 5.5 than the rat TRPV1 response to this stimulus. Mutation of rat TRPV1 at three positions in the S3 to S4 region, to the corresponding human amino acid residues I514M, V518L, and M547L decreased the IC(50) values for capsazepine inhibition of the pH 5.5 response from >10,000 nm to 924 +/- 241 nm in [Ca(2+)](i) assays and increased capsazepine inhibition of the capsaicin response to levels seen for human TRPV1. We have previously noted that phorbol 12-phenylacetate 13-acetate 20-homovanillate (PPAHV) is a strong agonist of rat TRPV1 but not human TRPV1 in [Ca(2+)](i) assays (1). Mutation of methionine 547 in S4 of rat TRPV1 to leucine, found in human TRPV1 (M547L), reduced the ability of PPAHV to activate TRPV1 by approximately 20-fold. The reciprocal mutation of human TRPV1 (L547M) enabled the human receptor to respond to PPAHV. These mutations did not significantly affect the agonist activity of capsaicin, resiniferatoxin (RTX) or olvanil in [Ca(2+)](i) assays. Introducing the equivalent mutation into guinea pig TRPV1 (L549M) increased the agonist potency of PPAHV by > 10-fold in the [Ca(2+)](i) assay and increased the amplitude of the evoked current. The rat M547L mutation reduced the affinity of RTX binding. Thus, amino acids within the S2-S4 region are important sites of agonist and antagonist interaction with TRPV1.
Treatment Options for Diabetic Neuropathic Foot Ulcers (2001)

BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers are a common problem and result in more than 85,000 lower extremity amputations each year in the United States. Studies have suggested that between 25% and 50% of costs related to inpatient diabetes care may be directly attributable to the diabetic foot. Novel treatments for these wounds, while expensive, have been reported to improve healing rates, although no formal cost effectiveness analyses have been performed in order to address the cost effectiveness of a given therapy. OBJECTIVE To estimate the cost effectiveness of common treatment strategies for diabetic neuropathic foot ulcers. METHODS Four main options are available for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: (1) standard care (SC), (2) standard treatment in a specialized wound care center (WCC), (3) treatment with becaplermin, (4) or treatment with platelet releasate (PR). We utilized effectiveness data from published clinical trials, meta-analyses, and a database that includes data on 26,599 patients with these wounds. Effectiveness was assessed as a percentage of ulcers healed at 20 and 32 weeks. RESULTS Baseline effectiveness (with 95% confidence intervals) for SC, becaplermin, PR, and WCC care were 30.9% (26.6, 35.1), 43.0% (37.3, 48.7), 36.8% (35.4, 38.2), and 35.6% (34.8, 36.4), respectively. Cost:effectiveness ratios for PR versus SC and becaplermin versus SC were 414.40 and 36.59, respectively. Therefore the incremental cost of increasing the odds of healing by 1% over standard therapy was $414.40 for PR and $36.59 for becaplermin. CONCLUSIONS PR, becaplermin, and WCC care all provided improved healing rates over standard care, and becaplermin was less expensive and more effective than PR after 20 weeks of care.
Nucleotide sequence of a rat cDNA:<i>RAB</i>1B, encoding a<i>RAB</i>1-YPT related protein (1989)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of a rat cDNA: RAB1B, encoding a RAB1-YPT related protein Get access E. Vielh, E. Vielh Faculté de Médecine, Lariboisiére Saint-Louis10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Touchot, N. Touchot Faculté de Médecine, Lariboisiére Saint-Louis10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Zahraoui, A. Zahraoui Faculté de Médecine, Lariboisiére Saint-Louis10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. Tavitian A. Tavitian Faculté de Médecine, Lariboisiére Saint-Louis10 avenue de Verdun, 75010 Paris, France Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, Issue 4, 25 February 1989, Page 1770, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/17.4.1770 Published: 25 February 1989 Article history Received: 17 January 1989 Published: 25 February 1989
An achievable rate for the multiple level relay channel (2004)

This paper proposes a new coding scheme and proved a new achievable rate formula for the Gaussian case. The scheme is simpler and avoids some inconvenient techniques (e.g., the Slepian-Wolf partitioning), in giving the same achievable rate for the single relay case. More importantly, this new coding scheme is easier to extend to the multiple level relay case, and generally achieves higher rates. Here we present the results for the discrete memoryless case. The paper also goes on to obtain the capacity of some relay channels under fading, which is the first significant capacity result for such channels, and one, which may possibly constitute a breakthrough in the field.
Unraveling Transcriptional Control in Arabidopsis Using cis-Regulatory Elements and Coexpression Networks   (2009)

Analysis of gene expression data generated by high-throughput microarray transcript profiling experiments has demonstrated that genes with an overall similar expression pattern are often enriched for similar functions. This guilt-by-association principle can be applied to define modular gene programs, identify cis-regulatory elements, or predict gene functions for unknown genes based on their coexpression neighborhood. We evaluated the potential to use Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment of a gene's coexpression neighborhood as a tool to predict its function but found overall low sensitivity scores (13%-34%). This indicates that for many functional categories, coexpression alone performs poorly to infer known biological gene functions. However, integration of cis-regulatory elements shows that 46% of the gene coexpression neighborhoods are enriched for one or more motifs, providing a valuable complementary source to functionally annotate genes. Through the integration of coexpression data, GO annotations, and a set of known cis-regulatory elements combined with a novel set of evolutionarily conserved plant motifs, we could link many genes and motifs to specific biological functions. Application of our coexpression framework extended with cis-regulatory element analysis on transcriptome data from the cell cycle-related transcription factor OBP1 yielded several coexpressed modules associated with specific cis-regulatory elements. Moreover, our analysis strongly suggests a feed-forward regulatory interaction between OBP1 and the E2F pathway. The ATCOECIS resource (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/ATCOECIS/) makes it possible to query coexpression data and GO and cis-regulatory element annotations and to submit user-defined gene sets for motif analysis, providing an access point to unravel the regulatory code underlying transcriptional control in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).
Characterization of Aromatic Hydrocarbon Degrading Bacteria Isolated from Pine Litter (2009)

Using a novel pine needle agar, fifteen bacterial species were isolated from pine litter. These bacteria were able to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons derived from lignin and utilize the ortho-cleavage of the β-ketoadipate pathway to degrade protocatechuate or catechol. A different utilization array of aromatic hydrocarbons by these bacteria was also determined. This study provides the information on bacterial species living in pine litter and suggests that these bacteria have metabolic abilities to utilize aromatic hydrocarbons derived from lignin biodegradation.
Bacterial Vaginosis and Risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (2004)

II-2
Preparation of octahydro- and tetrahydro-[1,10]phenanthroline zirconium and hafnium complexes for olefin polymerization (2015)

Post-metallocenes were constructed for olefin polymerization using 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10-octahydro[1,10]phenanthroline and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro[1,10]phenanthroline derivatives. A series of zirconium complexes - LZrCl2(NHMe2)2 [L = 2,9-H2-C12H12N2 (4), 2,9-Me2-C12H12N2 (5), 2,9-nBu2-C12H12N2 (6), and 2,9-iPr2-C12H12N2 (7)] - and hafnium complexes - LHfCl2(NHMe2)2 [L = 2,9-H2-C12H12N2 (8), 2,9-Me2-C12H12N2 (9), 2,9-nBu2-C12H12N2 (10), and 2,9-iPr2-C12H12N2 (11)] - were synthesized via the reaction of octahydro[1,10]phenanthrolines (2,9-R2-C12H12(NH)2) with (Me2N)2MCl2 (DME). The reaction of 2,9-R2-C12H12(NH)2 with (PhCH2)2ZrCl2 in the presence of a small amount of THF afforded a series of THF adduct analogs, i.e., LZrCl2(THF)2 [L = 2,9-H2-C12H12N2 (12), 2,9-Me2-C12H12N2 (13), 2,9-nBu2-C12H12N2 (14), and 2,9-iPr2-C12H12N2 (15)]. The treatment of 12 and 13 with excess Me3Al resulted in the formation of unexpected complexes, i.e., (η(4)-LAlMe2)ZrCl2(Me) [L = 2,9-H2-C12H12N2 (16) and 2,9-Me2-C12H12N2 (17)], in which the Me2Al unit forms a five-membered ring through binding with the two nitrogen donors and the MeCl2Zr unit slips to an η(4)-binding mode containing the N-C-C-N fragment. The treatment of tetrahydro[1,10]phenanthrolines [2,9-R2-C12NH9(NH)] with M(CH2Ph)4 afforded tribenzyl zirconium complexes LZr(CH2Ph)3 - [L = 2,9-Me2-C12NH9N (18) and 2,9-nBu2-C12NH9N (19)] - and hafnium complexes - LHf(CH2Ph)3 [L = 2,9-Me2-C12NH9N (20), 2,9-nBu2-C12NH9N (21), and 2,9-iPr2-C12NH9N (22)]. The structures of 4, 5, 12, 17, and 22 were elucidated by X-ray crystallography. The newly prepared complexes were screened for ethylene/1-octene copolymerization activity: 12 and 16 were potent catalysts (activities of 74 × 10(6) g mol-Zr h(-1) at ∼120 °C under 30 bar ethylene) for the production of wax-like low-molecular weight polyethylene (Mn: ∼5000), which is widely used in industry.
Structure–Activity Studies of Divin: An Inhibitor of Bacterial Cell Division (2013)

We describe the synthesis and SAR studies of divin-a small molecule that blocks bacterial division by perturbing the assembly of proteins at the site of cell septation. The bacteriostatic mechanism of action of divin is distinct from other reported inhibitors of bacterial cell division and provides an opportunity for assessing the therapeutic value of a new class of antimicrobial agents. We demonstrate a convenient synthetic route to divin and its analogs, and describe compounds with a 10-fold increase in solubility and a 4-fold improvement in potency. Divin analogs produce a phenotype that is identical to divin, suggesting that their biological activity comes from a similar mechanism of action. Our studies indicate that the 2-hydroxynaphthalenyl hydrazide portion of divin is essential for its activity and that alterations and substitution to the benzimidazole ring can increase its potency. The SAR study provides a critical opportunity to isolate drug resistant mutants and synthesize photoaffinity probes to determine the cellular target and biomolecular mechanism of divin.
Does Nitrous Oxide Help Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder? A Case Series (2020)

This case series investigates the potential for nitrous oxide to rapidly reduce symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. Did it help the 3 Veteran outpatients who received it? Read this report to find out.