gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Viscous Fluid Flow by Cartesian Grid Method (2000)

In this paper, Cartesian grid method for incompressible viscous fluid flows is investigated. New grid structure based on the Cartesian grids and cut cells, which fitted to the boundaries of body are generated. The Finite Volume Method (FVM) is used for calculations of the Navier-Stokes equations and the continuity equation. Cavity flows and flows around a stationary circular cylinder in uniform flow are calculated by the present rnethod and compared with the results that obtained by previous method.
Protective Effect of the Coffee Diterpenes Kahweol and Cafestol on tert-Butyl Hydroperoxide-induced Oxidative Hepatotoxicity (2006)

Kahweol and cafestol significantly reduced t-BHP-induced oxidative injuries in cultured rat hepatocytes, as determined by cell cytotoxicity, intracellular glutathione (GSH) content and lipid peroxidation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, kahweol and cafestol provided good protection from the t-BHPinduced production of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA damage. The in vivo study showed that pretreatment with kahweol and cafestol prior to the administration of t-BHP significantly prevented the increase in serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) and reduced oxidative stress, such as GSH content and lipid peroxidation, in the liver in a dose-dependent manner. The histopathological evaluation of the livers also revealed that kahweol and cafestol reduced the incidence of liver lesions induced by t-BHP. Taken together, these results support the anti-oxidative role of kahweol and cafestol and demonstrate that kahweol and cafestol can protect hepatocytes from oxidative stress.
Multidimensional Filtering Of Irregularly Sampled Seismic Data (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Mismatch Repair in Human Nuclear Extracts (2002)

Mammalian mismatch repair (MMR) systems respond to broad ranges of DNA mismatches and lesions. Kinetic analyses of MMR processing in vitro have focused on base mismatches in a few sequence contexts, because of a lack of general and quantitative MMR assays and because of the difficulty of constructing a multiplicity of MMR substrates, particularly those with DNA lesions. We describe here simple and efficient construction of 11 different MMR substrates, by ligating synthetic oligomers into gapped plasmids generated using sequence-specific N.BstNBI nicking endonuclease, then using sequence-specific nicking endonuclease N.AlwI to introduce single nicks for initiation of 3' to 5' or 5' to 3' excision. To quantitatively assay MMR excision gaps in base-mispaired substrates, generated in human nuclear extracts lacking exogenous dNTPs, we used position- and strand-specific oligomer probes. Mispair-provoked excision along the shorter path from the pre-existing nick toward the mismatch, either 3' to 5' or 5' to 3', predominated over longer path excision by roughly 10:1 to 20:1. MMR excision was complete within 7 min, was highly specific (90:1) for the nicked strand, and was strongly mispair-dependent (at least 40:1). Nonspecific (mismatch-independent) 5' to 3' excision was considerably greater than nonspecific 3' to 5' excision, especially at pre-existing gaps, but was not processive. These techniques can be used to construct and analyze MMR substrates with DNA mismatches or lesions in any sequence context.
Effects of Corticosteroids and Splenectomy on the Immune Clearance and Destruction of Erythrocytes (1973)

Corticosteroids and splenectomy constitute two important therapeutic modalities in the treatment of autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Each of these may affect both the rate of synthesis of autoantibody and the clearance of antibody sensitized cells. The latter possibility has been examined in an experimental model which allows evaluation of the role of antibody and complement in the immune clearance of erythrocytes in molecular terms. The in vivo clearance of (51)Cr-labeled guinea pig erythrocytes sensitized with purified rabbit IgG or IgM antibody to produce a known number of complement-fixing sites per cell was studied. Corticosteroid therapy increased the survival of both IgG and IgM sensitized erythrocytes by decreasing sequestration in the reticuloendothelial system (RES). 5 days of therapy prior to injection of antibody coated cells were required for a maximal effect. It appeared that the RES of cortisone-treated animals had a lowered sensitivity to erythrocytes coated with antibody and complement and the cells were removed as though they were coated with fewer complement sites/cell. The general pattern and kinetics of clearance and the localization of sequestered cells were not modified by corticosteroids. As the number of IgG C1-fixing sites was increased, the difference betwen cortisone treated and control animals was less marked. Splenectomy led to an increased survival of IgG-coated cells and a sixfold increase in IgG C1-fixing sites was necessary in order to obtain similar rates of clearance in splenectomized and control animals. The liver was responsible for this much less efficient clearance of cells in splenectomized animals: the clearance pattern was typical of that noted for IgG. No effect at all was noted on the clearance of IgM sensitized cells in splenectomized animals. These experiments clearly demonstrate that both corticosteroid therapy and splenectomy act to decrease the in vivo clearance of IgG-sensitized cells: only corticosteroids alter the clearance of IgM-sensitized erythrocytes. This effect may be of major importance in explaining the efficacy of these therapeutic modalities in autoimune hemolytic anemia.
Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEAS) and Testosterone: Relation to HIV Illness Stage and Progression Over One Year (1999)

This study explored associations between serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), free and total testosterone levels, and HIV illness markers, including viral load, and the behavioral problems of fatigue and depressed mood. Subjects were 169 HIV-positive men evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months for levels of DHEAS, total and free testosterone, HIV RNA, CD4, HIV symptoms, opportunistic illnesses, fatigue, and depression. Men with AIDS (N = 105), compared with men with less advanced illness, had lower mean levels of DHEAS. Baseline DHEAS was positively correlated with CD4 count, HIV symptom severity, and was inversely correlated with HIV RNA. Baseline DHEAS below the laboratory reference range (96 microg/dl) was associated with history of opportunistic infections and malignancies (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 4.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-10.4) and with incidence of these complications or death over 1 year (adjusted OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1-7.2). Initiating protease inhibitor combination therapy was associated with an increase in DHEAS over 6 months. Free testosterone was inversely correlated with HIV RNA, but there were no other significant associations between testosterone and HIV illness markers. No hormone was related to fatigue or depression. This study confirms that low serum DHEAS is associated with HIV illness markers, including viral load, and carries negative prognostic value. Further, protease inhibitor therapy may result in increased circulating DHEAS.
Rapid and Sensitive Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay for Detection of Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Associated with High-Level Resistance to Protease Inhibitors (2002)

A sensitive, specific, and high-throughput oligonucleotide ligation assay (OLA) for the detection of genotypic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) resistance to Food and Drug Administration-approved protease inhibitors was developed and evaluated. This ligation-based assay uses differentially modified oligonucleotides specific for wild-type or mutant sequences, allowing sensitive and simple detection of both genotypes in a single well of a microtiter plate. Oligonucleotides were designed to detect primary mutations associated with high-level resistance to amprenavir, nelfinavir, indinavir, ritonavir, saquinavir, and lopinavir, including amino acid substitutions D30N, I50V, V82A/S/T, I84V, N88D, and L90M. Plasma HIV-1 RNA from 54 infected patients was amplified by reverse transcription-PCR and sequenced by using dideoxynucleotide chain terminators for evaluation of mutations associated with drug resistance. These same amplicons were genotyped by the OLA at positions 30, 50, 82, 88, 84, and 90 for a total of 312 codons. The sensitivity of detection of drug-resistant genotypes was 96.7% (87 of 90 mutant codons) in the OLA compared to 92.2% (83 of 90) in consensus sequencing, presumably due to the increased sensitivity of the OLA. The OLA detected genetic subpopulations more often than sequencing, detecting 30 mixtures of mutant and wild-type sequences and two mixtures of drug-resistant sequences compared to 15 detected by DNA sequencing. Reproducible and semiquantitative detection of the mutant and the wild-type genomes by the OLA was observed by analysis of wild-type and mutant plasmid mixtures containing as little as 5% of either genotype in a background of the opposite genome. This rapid, simple, economical, and highly sensitive assay provides a practical alternative to dideoxy sequencing for genotypic evaluation of HIV-1 resistance to antiretrovirals.
Automating Root Cause Analysis via Machine Learning in Agile Software Testing Environments (2019)

We apply machine learning to automate the root cause analysis in agile software testing environments. In particular, we extract relevant features from raw log data after interviewing testing engineers (human experts). Initial efforts are put into clustering the unlabeled data, and despite obtaining weak correlations between several clusters and failure root causes, the vagueness in the rest of the clusters leads to the consideration of labeling. A new round of interviews with the testing engineers leads to the definition of five ground-truth categories. Using manually labeled data, we train artificial neural networks that either classify the data or pre-process it for clustering. The resulting method achieves an accuracy of 88.9%. The methodology of this paper serves as a prototype or baseline approach for the extraction of expert knowledge and its adaptation to machine learning techniques for root cause analysis in agile environments.
New characteristics analysis considering transmission distance and load variation in wireless power transfer via magnetic resonant coupling (2012)

Wireless power transfer (WPT) via magnetic resonant coupling has been attracting research attention for various applications. Conventionally, load is assumed to be constant and only transfer efficiency is studied. In actual WPT applications, the load and transfer distance change frequently. Furthermore, information such as ratio of input voltage to output voltage, ratio of input current to output current, and input impedance are needed for understanding and constructing the power transfer system. In this paper, not only the transfer efficiency but also the three parameters mentioned are studied. These parameters are then analyzed for changing load and changing transfer distance conditions using actual antennas' parameters. From the analysis results, the load resistance value for maximum efficiency exists. Secondly, improving efficiency by changing load resistance for small mutual inductance case has larger effect. The optimum load resistance also changes according to transmission distance and also the consumed power peak may not correspond to maximum efficiency. Finally, fault protection may also be necessary for the cases when the load resistance is extremely high and when the receiver antenna is not present causing high supply current.
French Varietals Fight Back: The Revolution in the Vin de Pay d'Oc (1995)

There has been a revolution in the winemaking and marketing of the country wines of southern France in the Languedoc‐Roussillon — the Vins de Pays d'Oc. This revolution has been founded on premium varietal wines and exploited modern techniques of vinification and marketing, which have drawn heavily on the experiences of the so‐called ‘New World.’ These new wines have successfully penetrated export markets, particularly the UK. Such developments, however, have attracted controversy, being criticised for encouraging the production of homogeneous, geographically inert, formulaic wines from well established rather than local grape varieties. However, a number of ventures are now showing increased recognition of local varieties and geographies in their winemaking and it is expected that such developments will continue. Moreover it is argued that the introduction of modern techniques in vinification and marketing, far from having a detrimental effect, have been of great benefit to the region.
Apuntes sobre la necesidad de una redefinición del status ontoepistémico de la sociología (1999)

The following paper seeks to offer an alternative explanation of the ontoepistemic assumptions of Sociology. The ideas are conceived considering sociology as Social Science. In order to do this, the article provides a definition of science based on Kuhn’s notion of Paradigms as applied to Sociology. Furtherly offers a proposal for the reconstruction of sociological notions, based on anthropological assumptions.
Imaging deepwater salt bodies in West Africa (2003)

The deep offshore of the Gulf of Guinea is a major challenge to seismic processing and imaging techniques, due to the complexity of the salt body structures (Figure 1). Even though Kirchhoff prestack time migration (preSTM) can image the top of salt and the wider, simple sedimentary basin reflections, it fails elsewhere.
Enhancement of paracellular drug transport with highly quaternized N‐trimethyl chitosan chloride in neutral environments: In vitro evaluation in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco‐2) (1999)

Previous studies have established that a partially quaternized derivative of chitosan, N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC), can be used as an absorption enhancer for large hydrophilic compounds across mucosal surfaces. This study evaluates and compares the effects of the degree of quaternization of TMC, in a neutral environment, on the permeability of intestinal epithelial cells in vitro, where normal chitosan salts are ineffective as absorption enhancers. The effects of TMC-H [61.2% quaternized, (0.05-1.5% w/v)], TMC-L [12.3% quaternized, (0.5-1.5% w/v)], and chitosan hydrochloride [0.5-1.5% w/v] on the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and permeability, for the hydrophilic model compound [14C]mannitol, of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cell monolayers, were investigated at pH values of 6.20 and 7.40. The viability of the monolayers was checked with the trypan blue exclusion technique. At a pH of 6.20, all the polymers caused a pronounced reduction (37-67% at 0.5% w/v concentrations) in the TEER of Caco-2 cells. On the contrary, at a pH of 7.40, only TMC-H was able to decrease the TEER values, even in a concentration as low as 0.05% w/v (35% reduction). Comparable results were obtained with the permeation of [14C]mannitol. Large increases in the transport rate (18-23-fold at 0.5% w/v concentrations) were found at pH 6.20, whereas only TMC-H was able to increase the permeation of [14C]mannitol at pH 7.40 (31-48-fold at 0.05-1.5% w/v concentrations of TMC-H). For all the polymers studied, no deleterious effects to the cells could be demonstrated with the trypan blue exclusion technique. It is concluded that highly quaternized TMC is a potent absorption enhancer and the potential use of this polymer, especially in neutral and basic environments where normal chitosan salts are not effective, is expected to be an important contribution to the development of effective delivery systems for hydrophilic compounds such as peptide drugs.
Antioxidants (1988)

Abstract Antioxidants can be classified by the way in which they interfere with the process of autoxidation. Two main types can be identified; the chain-breaking antioxidants which either reduce the alkylperoxyl radical or oxidise the alkyl radical and the preventive antioxidants which either retard the breakdown of hydroperoxides (metal deactivators, UV absorbers) or destroy them by non-radical mechanisms. Synergism results from the complementary action of antioxidants when used together. Recent studies of antioxidant mechanisms have led to the discovery of “stable” redox systems which are able to catalytically scavenge alkyl and alkylperoxyl radicals in competition with the normal reactions of these species in autoxidation. The physical behaviour (solubility, volatility etc.) of antioxidants can dominate their behaviour under certain conditions and the development of polymer-bound antioxidants is believed to be a solution to antioxidant migration and loss.
Design of a New Fluorescent Oligonucleotide-Based Assay for a Highly Specific Real-Time Detection of Apurinic/Apyrimidinic Site Cleavage by Tyrosyl-DNA Phosphodiesterase 1 (2015)

Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1 (Tdp1) promotes catalytic scission of a phosphodiester bond between the 3'-end of DNA and the hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue, as well as cleaving off a variety of other 3'-terminal phosphate-linked DNA substituents. We have shown recently that Tdp1 can initiate an apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site repair pathway that is independent from the one mediated by AP endonuclease 1 (APE1). Until recently, there was no method available of tracking the AP-site cleaving activity of Tdp1 by real-time fluorescence assay. In the present study we demonstrate a highly specific real-time detection of the AP-site cleaving activity of Tdp1 which allows one to distinguish it from the activity of APE1 by using a short hairpin oligonucleotide with a 1,12-dodecanediol loop, a 5'-fluorophore, and a 3'-quencher. Specific phosphodiesterase activity of Tdp1, which is usually able to remove quencher from the 3'-end of DNA, was suppressed in our approach by introducing a noncleavable phosphate group mimic between the 3'-end and the quencher. As a nondigestible 3'-phosphate analogue, we have used a new uncharged tetramethyl phosphoryl guanidine (Tmg) group, which is resistant to 3'-phosphodiesterase cleavage.
Hypoglycemic effects of malonyl‐ginsenosides extracted from roots of <i>Panax ginseng</i> on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice (2009)

Hypoglycemic effects of malonyl-ginsenosides (MGR), extracted from roots of Panax ginseng, were examined in streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. Animals received daily intravenous injections of MGR in doses of 30, 60, 120 mg/kg. At a dose of 120 mg/kg, MGR reduced the fasting blood glucose level of diabetic mice by 77.8% (76.7 +/- 8.5 mg/dl versus 345.2 +/- 35.8 mg/dl, P < 0.01). The same dose also showed a marked improvement in glucose tolerance of 80% (75.3 +/- 10.8 mg/dl versus 375.6 +/- 43.3 mg/dl, P < 0.01) in diabetic mice after four days. The alkali hydrolysis productions of MGR, ginseng panaxadiol (PDS), malonic acid and a mixture of malonic acid with PDS, showed no effects on fasting blood glucose levels indicated the hypoglycemic effect of MGR relied on their unique esterified chemical structures. The findings from this study suggest that MGR extracted from Panax ginseng may be prescribed as adjunct to drug treatment for controlling diabetes mellitus.
Reactive ion etching of SiGe alloys using fluorine-containing plasmas* (1993)

The dry etching characteristics of strained Si0.85Ge0.15 thin films (≂800 nm thick), elemental Si and Ge in CF4 reactive ion etching (RIE) and electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasmas have been studied. The SiGe films were grown on Si substrates by ultrahigh vacuum/chemical vapor deposition. Etch rates were determined by in situ ellipsometry. For RIE, the dependence of the SiGe etch rate on CF4 pressure was studied, the pressure serving as a means to change the ion energy and the ion/neutral ratio of the plasma. In the ECR plasma separate rf biasing of the wafer was used to control the ion energy independent of the production of the plasma. For all conditions, the etch rates of SiGe alloy films are enhanced over the Si etch rates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis shows that the SiGe surface etched in CF4 is Ge rich. The Ge enrichment increases with decreasing pressure in RIE and increasing rf bias in ECR etching. These results suggest that preferential sputtering is in part responsible for the change in the stoichiometry of the surface.
ACOUSTIC EMISSION MONITORING AND FATIGUE LIFE PREDICTION IN AXIALLY LOADED NOTCHED STEEL SPECIMENS (2009)

This research applies the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methodology used in aviation to monitor structural steel in the form of axially loaded notched specimens for fatigue-life prediction. It applies acoustic emission (AE) nondestructive testing (NDT) to monitor the development of fatigue-crack growth and employs a Kohonen self-organizing map (SOM) artificial neural network (ANN) to identify the failure mechanisms in A572-G50 steel. In addition, a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) was utilized to perform fatigue-life prediction from the first quarter (0-25%) of the experimental fatigue life or cyclic life data. A second BPNN was created for prediction based on the third quarter (50-75%) of fatigue-life data. Testing of axially loaded notched specimens was completed and experimental results were used to generate the characteristic alternating stress versus fatigue life (S-N) curves. These results were compared to those calculated from linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) using the damage tolerance analysis software Air Force Growth (AFGROW). AE data generated from fatigue-crack growth were also processed using a Kohonen SOM neural network to categorically identify the failure modes of plastic deformation plus plane-strain and plane-stress fracture. Fatigue-prediction analysis focused on developing a BPNN for high-cycle fatigue (HCF) prediction from AE amplitude histogram distributions. This network provided prediction results within ±20% for first quarter data and ±12% for third quarter data predictions, respectively, which demonstrated the feasibility of making fatigue-life predictions in steel structures from AE data.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE ALKYLATION OF PURINES, PYRIMIDINES, NUCLEOSIDES AND NUCLEOTIDES USING TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM FLUORIDE (1978)

Abstract Uracil (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von Tetrabutylammoniumfluorid mit verschiedenen Alkylierungsmitteln wie Methylbromid, Trimethylphosphat, Benzylchlorid oder Butylbromid zu den Substitutionsprodukten (IIa), mit Triethyl‐ und Tributyl‐phosphat entstehen Mischungen aus Mono‐ und Disubstitutionsprodukt (IIb).