gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of reversible image compression techniques for high-resolution digital teleradiology (1992)

The performances of a number of block-based, reversible, compression algorithms suitable for compression of very-large-format images (4096x4096 pixels or more) are compared to that of a novel two-dimensional linear predictive coder developed by extending the multichannel version of the Burg algorithm to two dimensions. The compression schemes implemented are: Huffman coding, Lempel-Ziv coding, arithmetic coding, two-dimensional linear predictive coding (in addition to the aforementioned one), transform coding using discrete Fourier-, discrete cosine-, and discrete Walsh transforms, linear interpolative coding, and combinations thereof. The performances of these coding techniques for a few mammograms and chest radiographs digitized to sizes up to 4096x4096 10 b pixels are discussed. Compression from 10 b to 2.5-3.0 b/pixel on these images has been achieved without any loss of information. The modified multichannel linear predictor outperforms the other methods while offering certain advantages in implementation.
Exploring synthetic avenues for the effective synthesis of selenium- and tellurium-containing multifunctional redox agents (2009)

Various human illnesses, including several types of cancer and infectious diseases, are related to changes in the cellular redox homeostasis. During the last decade, several approaches have been explored which employ such disturbed redox balances for the benefit of therapy. Compounds able to modulate the intracellular redox state of cells have been developed, which effectively, yet also selectively, appear to kill cancer cells and a range of pathogenic microorganisms. Among the various agents employed, certain redox catalysts have shown considerable promise since they are non-toxic on their own yet develop an effective, often selective cytotoxicity in the presence of the 'correct' intracellular redox partners. Aminoalkylation, amide coupling and multicomponent reactions are suitable synthetic methods to generate a vast number of such multifunctional catalysts, which are chemically diverse and, depending on their structure, exhibit various interesting biological activities.
GATA-3 is required for early T lineage progenitor development (2009)

Most T lymphocytes appear to arise from very rare early T lineage progenitors (ETPs) in the thymus, but the transcriptional programs that specify ETP generation are not completely known. The transcription factor GATA-3 is required for the development of T lymphocytes at multiple late differentiation steps as well as for the development of thymic natural killer cells. However, a role for GATA-3 before the double-negative (DN) 3 stage of T cell development has to date been obscured both by the developmental heterogeneity of DN1 thymocytes and the paucity of ETPs. We provide multiple lines of in vivo evidence through the analysis of T cell development in Gata3 hypomorphic mutant embryos, in irradiated mice reconstituted with Gata3 mutant hematopoietic cells, and in mice conditionally ablated for the Gata3 gene to show that GATA-3 is required for ETP generation. We further show that Gata3 loss does not affect hematopoietic stem cells or multipotent hematopoietic progenitors. Finally, we demonstrate that Gata3 mutant lymphoid progenitors exhibit neither increased apoptosis nor diminished cell-cycle progression. Thus, GATA-3 is required for the cell-autonomous development of the earliest characterized thymic T cell progenitors.
The Polyphase Chopper - A Symmetrical Component Analysis (1980)

While an analytic solution for the load current of a polyphase chopper is readily obtained, the determination of the thyristor and diode currents, upon which many basic design decisions depend, is an exceedingly complex task. The combined application of Fourier and symmetrical component analysis results in an enormous simplification and yields significant insights into the operation. The analysis is worked out in the context of a three-phase chopper.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Inducible (Fn14)-specific Antibodies Concomitantly Display Signaling Pathway-specific Agonistic and Antagonistic Activity (2013)

These findings influence the rationale of designing Fn14-targeted therapies. The Fn14-specific monoclonal antibodies PDL192 and P4A8, which are under consideration in clinical trials, showed no agonistic activity with respect to IL8 production and cell death induction. However, oligomerization with protein G or binding to Fcγ receptors converted both anti-Fn14 antibodies into potent agonists. TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), the ligand of Fn14, occurs naturally in two forms with partly different signaling capabilities, as a membrane-bound ligand and as a soluble trimeric molecule. Although membrane TWEAK strongly triggers all Fn14-associated pathways, soluble TWEAK predominately triggers the alternative nuclear factor κB (NFκB) pathway and enhances TNF-induced cell death but has only a poor effect on the classical NFκB pathway and chemokine production. Thus, the oligomerized and FcγR-bound anti-Fn14 mAbs mimicked the activity of membrane TWEAK. Notably, both anti-Fn14 antibodies significantly triggered p100 processing, the hallmark of the alternative NFκB pathway, and therefore resembled soluble TWEAK. In contrast to the latter, however, the anti-Fn14s showed no effect on TNF receptor 1-induced cell death and P4A8 even blocked the corresponding TWEAK response. Thus, we showed that Fn14 antibodies display an alternative NFκB pathway-specific agonistic activity but fail to phenocopy other activities of soluble TWEAK, whereas oligomerized or FcγR-bound Fn14 antibodies fully mimic the activity of membrane TWEAK. In view of the trivalent nature of the TWEAK-Fn14 interaction, this suggests that the alternative NFκB pathway is uniquely responsive already to Fn14 dimerization enabling antibodies to elicit an unnatural response pattern distinct from that of the naturally occurring Fn14 ligands.
ELECTRON INJECTION AT DYE-SENSITIZED SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES (2004)

Electron injection at dye-sensitized semiconductors is reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on theoretical and photoelectrochemical studies of dye-sensitized planar and single-crystal electrodes. The accepted mechanism of electron injection, which was derived from these classical studies, is introduced. Selected photoelectrochemical studies of dye-sensitized nanocrystalline semiconductors are reviewed; emphasis is given to factors that influence the efficiencies of electron injection and charge recombination. The development of quasi-solid-state nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells is also discussed. Recent time-resolved spectroscopic studies of electron injection and charge recombination are reviewed. These studies have led to a better understanding of electron injection mechanisms, and have revealed the limitations of the classical models.
Time domain phase noise correction for OFDM signals (2002)

We introduce an algorithm for compensating for carrier phase noise in an OFDM communication system. Through the creation of a linearized parametric model for phase noise, we generate a least squares (LS) estimate of the transmitted symbol. Using digitized DVB-T RF signals created in a laboratory and a DVB-T compliant receiver model, simulation results are presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm in practical environments.
The colour of cooked cured pork. I.—Estimation of the Nitric oxide‐Haem Pigments (1956)

Abstract A simple and rapid method is described for extracting and measuring the nitric oxide‐haem pigments present in cooked cured meat. Selective extraction as a nitric oxide‐haem‐acetone complex is achieved by the use of an acetone/water solvent. Other meat pigments are not extracted under the conditions used. The acetone/water ratio is shown to be critical, maximum extraction being obtained with a ratio of 4: 1, due allowance being made for the moisture present in the meat. After filtration, the optical density is measured spectrophotometrically. With the inclusion of hydrochloric acid in the solvent, the method can be adapted to measure the total pigments present.
Coherent digital communications for rapidly fading channels with applications to underwater acoustics (1994)

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Indoor propagation prediction accuracy and speed versus number of reflections in image-based 3-D ray-tracing (2002)

Ray-tracing based prediction of indoor microwave propagation has great potential as a practical and accurate technique to engineer wireless systems. The prediction accuracy of such methods increases with the number of reflections included in a single propagation path. At the same time, the computation time grows exponentially with the number of reflections. Thus, it is critically important to understand the minimum number of reflections needed to achieve the desired level of accuracy. We quantify the prediction accuracy and computation time for a 3-D ray-tracing tool Wireless Systems Engineering Tool (WiSE) by comparing predictions to a large database of measurements collected in three different office buildings located in New Jersey, USA.
Enhancement of optical skin clearing efficacy using a microneedle roller (2008)

Light scattering in biological tissues can be reduced by using optical clearing agents. Various physical methods in conjunction with agents have been studied to enhance the optical clearing efficacy of skin for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this study, we propose a new physical method to enhance the optical clearing potential of topically applied glycerol. A microneedle roller is used to easily create numerous transdermal microchannels prior to glycerol application. The optical clearing efficacy of skin is quantitatively evaluated with the use of a modulation transfer function target placed underneath ex vivo porcine skin samples. From cross-polarized images acquired at various time points after glycerol application, we find that samples treated with the microneedle roller resulted in an approximately two-fold increase in contrast compared to control samples 30 min after glycerol application. In conclusion, our data suggest that the microneedle roller can be a good physical method to enhance transdermal delivery of optical clearing agents, and hence their optical clearing potential over large regions of skin.
Silicon Mach–Zehnder waveguide interferometers based on the plasma dispersion effect (1991)

Silicon Mach–Zehnder waveguide modulators have been fabricated and operation characterized at the wavelength of 1.3 μm. Device operation is based on the free-carrier-induced change in the refractive index of silicon. Modulation depths of −4.9 dB and response times τresponse&lt;50 ns have been achieved at λ=1.3 μm for an injected carrier density of 6.5×1017 cm−3.
Genome-wide analysis of cyclins in maize (Zea mays) (2010)

Cyclins are primary regulators of the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases and play crucial roles in cell cycle progression in eukaryotes. Although extensive studies have revealed the roles of some cyclins and underlying mechanisms in plants, relatively few cyclins have been functionally analyzed in maize. We identified 59 cyclins in the maize genome, distributed on 10 chromosomes; these were grouped into six types by phylogenetic analysis. The cyclin genes in the maize genome went through numerous tandem gene duplications on five chromosomes. However, no segmental duplications, which occur in rice, were found on maize chromosomes. This information allows us to assess the position of plant cyclin genes in terms of evolution and classification, which will be useful for functional studies of maize cyclins.
<title>Comparison of wavelet transforms and fractal coding in texture-based image retrieval</title> (1996)

Image compression techniques based on wavelet and fractal coding have been recognized significantly useful in image texture classification and discrimination. In fractal coding approach, each image is represented by a set of self-transformations through which an approximation of the original image can be reconstructed. These transformations of images can be utilized to distinguish images. The fractal coding technique can be extended to effectively determine the similarity between images. We introduce a joint fractal coding technique, applicable to pairs of images, which can be used to determine the degree of their similarity. Our experimental results demonstrate that fractal code approach is effective for content-based image retrieval. In wavelet transform approach, the wavelet transform decorrelates the image data into frequency domain. Feature vectors of images can be constructed from wavelet transformations, which can also be utilized to distinguish images through measuring distances between feature vectors. Our experiments indicate that this approach is also effective on content-based similarity comparison between images. More specifically, we observe that wavelets transform approach performs more effective on content- based similarity comparison on those images which contain strong texture features, where fractal coding approach performs relatively more uniformly well for various type of images.
The Preparation of β-Keto Sulfones by the Thorpe Reaction. The Acidity of β-Keto Sulfones<sup>1,2</sup> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of β-Keto Sulfones by the Thorpe Reaction. The Acidity of β-Keto Sulfones1,2William E. Truce, William W. Bannister, and Robert H. KnospeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 8, 2821–2828Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1962https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01055a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views429Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (831 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Comprehensive Scaling Analysis of Current Induced Switching in Magnetic Memories Based on In-Plane and Perpendicular Anisotropies (2016)

Spin transfer torque based magnetic memories (STT-MRAMs) are leading contender for the replacement of SRAM caches. However, STT-MRAMs suffer from high write current, read/write stability conflicts and other failure mechanisms. In this paper, we present a comprehensive scaling analysis for STT-MRAMs based on in-plane and perpendicular anisotropy magnets in context to different failure mechanisms. Write failures are taken into consideration by the write current, read disturb failures by the critical current and read decision failure by the tunnel magneto-resistance scaling trends. Bit-cells comprising three different device structures-the conventional magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), the dual pillar MTJs (DP-MTJs) and the spin-orbit-torque based MTJs (SOT-MTJs) are investigated. We analyze the robustness of the aforementioned devices within the voltage constraints specified by ITRS. We also report predictive analysis results with futuristic material parameters. Through a coupled simulation framework consisting of spin transport and magnetization dynamics, we show that conventional MTJs would require higher voltages at scaled technology nodes. DP-MTJs, within ITRS voltage specifications, show better scalability (with ~ 2.3× larger bit-cell area). SOT-MTJs provide attractive power savings ( ~ 3.4× improvement) at a ~ 1.3× larger bit-cell area. Furthermore, our analysis indicates that among various possible improved material parameters, high interface perpendicular anisotropy shows the most promising way of achieving scalable memory cells at assumed ITRS voltages.
CPT-11 in the treatment of colorectal cancer: clinical efficacy and safety profile. (1996)

CPT-11 (irinotecan) is a promising anticancer agent with a novel mechanism of action dependent on the inhibition of the DNA eukaryotic enzyme, topoisomerase I. The clinical utility of CPT-11 in advanced colorectal cancer has been documented in more than 400 patients recruited in phase II clinical trials in Europe, Japan, and United States. Among 178 eligible patients in a multicenter European study, the overall response rate to CPT-11 on a once-every-3-weeks regimen was 18%, and the median duration of response was 9.1 months. Thirty-two percent of the patients had no evidence of disease progression at 6 months. These results were similar in chemotherapy-naive and pretreated patients. These findings are consistent with the results of other studies conducted in Japan and the United States in which a weekly CPT-11 regimen was associated with response rates of 15% to 32% in chemotherapy-naive or pretreated patients. The principal adverse events of CPT-11 are neutropenia and delayed diarrhea, which in the European studies developed as grade 3 or 4 toxicity in 21% and 12% of the cycles (47% and 38% of patients), respectively. Neutropenia did not appear to be cumulative, with total recovery by day 22 in most cases. Loperamide was considered the most effective agent for controlling delayed diarrhea. Other adverse events included an early cholinergic-like syndrome (consisting of diaphoresis, early diarrhea, and abdominal cramps), nausea and vomiting, fatigue, and alopecia. In conclusion, CPT-11 has shown promising antitumor activity in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, including those refractory to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based regimens, suggesting no cross-resistance to 5-FU. CPT-11 appears to have activity similar to that of 5-FU in first-line treatment and, moreover, remains active after failure of 5-FU therapy. The specific gastrointestinal toxicity is manageable, and a better control of this type of toxicity is expected in the future. CPT-11 would therefore appear a welcome addition to the oncology armamentarium for this difficult-to-treat malignancy.
The Role of Web-Based Simulations In Technology Education (2009)

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Strapdown gyro contribution to coning motion errors (1989)

The purpose of this paper is to present an overview of coning rnotion errors, with particular emphasis ori the contribution of non-ideal strapdown gyro characteristics .An analytical derivation of drift errors due to both undetected motion and imperfect gyros is provided with the expression for gyro effects representing a new result Typical compensation techniques which are used to correct for undetected coning motion are rnentionecl. Finally, an example is included which demonstrates that the common approach to coning cornpensation may actually degrade performance in the presence of imperfect gyro characteristics
Introductory university optics (1996)

Contents: Some Basic Things to know about Light. Straightline Properties of Light I - Reflection. Straightline Properties of Light II - Refraction at Plane Surfaces. Straightline Properties of Light III - Refraction at Curved Surfaces: The Lens. Some Basic Concepts Concerning Wave Motion. Interference of Light Waves. Diffraction. Polarisation. Lasers and Optical Fibres. Optical Imaging: A Different Perspective.
Hyperthermia: Its Effect on Proliferative and Plateau Phase Cell Cultures (1974)

This paper describes the response of cultured mammalian cells to periods of elevated temperatures. It was found that 43° C was necessary to produce substantial cell killing in aerated cells. Those made hypoxic in dense cultures were very sensitive to hyperthermia, cell killing taking place even at 41° C. Survival curves were obtained for proliferating and plateau phase cells exposed at 43° C for periods of 1 to 4 hours. There is no dramatic difference in sensitivity between cells in these two metabolic states, although the survival curve may be slightly steeper for plateau phase cells. Hyperthermia may be a useful adjunct to radiotherapy since these areas of the tumor which are most resistant to conventional x rays are sensitive to heat.
Melatonin administration and pituitary hormone secretion (1998)

Altering the melatonin rhythm may affect neuroendocrine function, influencing the nocturnal pattern of neurohypophysial hormone secretion, augmenting prolactin release and advancing the peak of cortisol release.
The equilibrium water content of some thermoplastic hydroxyalkyl methacrylate polymers (1988)

Abstract The equilibrium water content (EWC) of thermoplastic 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate and 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate homopolymers from technical grade monomer and of copolymers of the latter with methyl methacrylate has been measured in distilled water and in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS). In distilled water, as expected, EWCs increased monotonically with the proportion of hydrophilic monomer in the polymer and showed only a small dependence on molecular weight. In contrast, the degree of swelling (and in some cases dissolution) and “freezable” water content of polymers in PBS were shown to be anomalously high and to be a consequence of ionization at pH 7.4 of methacrylic acid incorporated into the polymer in small quantity (< 1 mol %) as an impurity. Initial studies indicated a strong relationship between copolymer molecular weight and small molecule permeability in distilled water.