gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Use of Δ9-THC and Cannabidiol: Evaluation of a New Extraction Procedure for the Preparation of Cannabis-based Olive Oil (2018)

Background: Since 2013 Cannabis-based preparations, containing the two main cannabinoids of interest, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD), can be used for therapeutic purposes, such as palliative care, neurodegenerative disorder treatment and other therapies. The preparations may consist of a drug partition in sachets, capsules or through the extraction in certified olive oil. Objective: The aims of the study were: a) to develop and validate a new liquid chromatographictandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method for the identification and quantification of THC and CBD in olive oil; b) to evaluate the extraction efficiency and reproducibility of a new commercial extractor on the market. Methods: The olive oil was simply diluted three consecutive times, using organic solvents with increasing polarity index (n-hexane → isopropanol → methanol). The sample was then directly injected into LC-MS/MS system, operating in Multiple Reaction Monitoring Mode, in positive polarization. The method was then fully validated. Results: The method assessed to be linear over the range 0.1-10 ng/µL for both THC and CBD. Imprecision and accuracy were within 12.2% and 16.9% respectively; matrix effects proved to be negligible; THC concentration in oil is stable up to two months at room temperature, whenever kept in the dark. CBD provided a degradation of 30% within ten weeks. The method was then applied to olive oil after sample preparation, in order to evaluate the efficiency of extraction of a new generation instrument. Temperature of extraction is the most relevant factor to be optimized. Indeed, a difference of 2°C (from 94.5°C to 96.5°C, the highest temperature reached in the experiments) of the heating phase, increases the percentage of extraction from 54.2% to 64.0% for THC and from 58.2% to 67.0% for CBD. The amount of THC acid and CBD acid that are decarboxylated during the procedure must be check out in the future. Conclusion: The developed method was simple and fast. The extraction procedure proved to be highly reproducible and applicable routinely to cannabis preparations. Keywords: Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, therapeutic cannabinoids, olive oil, LC-MS/MS, cannabis preparations.
[Lysozyme content in the blood serum and saliva of carriers of pethogenic staphylococci]. (1975)

90 serum and 273 saliva samples from pathogenic staphylococci carriers and healthy persons (control group) were studied. It was found that the state of pathogenic staphylococci carrying on the nose mucosa had no significant effect on the lysozyme levels in the blood serum, while assisted an increase in the content of the substance in the saliva. Increased lysozyme levels in the saliva of the pathogenic staphylococci carriers showed no clear connections with lysozyme production by the pathogens.
Vagal modulation of nociception is mediated by adrenomedullary epinephrine in the rat (2003)

Vagal afferent activity modulates mechanical nociceptive threshold and inflammatory mediator-induced hyperalgesia, effects that are mediated by the adrenal medulla. To evaluate the role of epinephrine, the major hormone released from the adrenal medulla, the beta2-adrenergic receptor antagonist ICI 118,551 was chronically administered to vagotomized rats and epinephrine to normal rats. In vagotomized rats, chronic administration of ICI 118,551 markedly attenuated vagotomy-induced enhancement of bradykinin hyperalgesia but had no effect on nociceptive threshold. In normal rats, chronic epinephrine had the opposite effect, enhancing bradykinin hyperalgesia. Like vagotomy-, epinephrine-induced enhancement of hyperalgesia developed slowly, taking 14 days to reach its peak. Vagotomy induced a chronic elevation in plasma concentrations of epinephrine. We suggest that ongoing activity in vagal afferents inhibits the release of epinephrine from the adrenal medulla. Chronically elevated levels of epinephrine, occurring after vagotomy, desensitize peripheral beta2-adrenergic receptors and lead to enhancement of bradykinin hyperalgesia. The ability of prolonged elevated plasma levels of epinephrine to sensitize bradykinin receptors could contribute to chronic generalized pain syndromes.
Neural networks for intelligent multimedia processing (1998)

This paper reviews key attributes of neural processing essential to intelligent multimedia processing (IMP). The objective is to show why neural networks (NNs) are a core technology for the following multimedia functionalities: (1) efficient representations for audio/visual information, (2) detection and classification techniques, (3) fusion of multimodal signals, and (4) multimodal conversion and synchronization. It also demonstrates how the adaptive NN technology presents a unified solution to a broad spectrum of multimedia applications. As substantiating evidence, representative examples where NNs are successfully applied to IMP applications are highlighted. The examples cover a broad range, including image visualization, tracking of moving objects, image/video segmentation, texture classification, face-object detection/recognition, audio classification, multimodal recognition, and multimodal lip reading.
Optical and electronic properties of sputtered hydrogenated amorphous silicon-tin alloys (1989)

Hydrogenated amorphous silicon-tin alloys (a-Si1−xSnx:H), in the composition range 0≤x≤0.51, have been prepared by rf sputtering. It is shown that the addition of Sn moves the conduction-band edge, thereby closing the optical band gap. The dc dark conductivity increases less than expected, with increasing Sn content, based on a simple decrease in band gap. This and the temperature dependence of the dark conductivity suggest a transition from extended-state free-carrier conduction to localized-state hopping conduction. Photoluminescence measurements show the presence of defect-state radiative recombination.
Structured data structures (1974)

Programming systems which permit arbitrary linked list structures enable the user to create complicated structures without sufficient protection. Deletions can result in unreachable data elements, and there is no guarantee that additions will be performed properly. To remedy this situation, this paper proposes a Data Structure Description and Manipulation Language which provides for the creation of a restricted class of data structures but ensures the correctness of the program. This is accomplished by an explicit structure declaration facility, a restriction on the permissible operations, and execution-time checks.
Prediction of aspects of neutral detergent fibre digestion of forages by chemical composition and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (2005)

Sixty-two herbage samples, harvested in natural meadows located in the mountains of León (north-west Spain), and characterised by a diverse botanical composition and different stages of maturity of the plants, were used to evaluate the ability of chemical composition and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to predict in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability of the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction. In vitro digestibility was performed as described by the Goering and Van Soest procedure. Three dry Holstein-Friesian cows fitted with a rumen cannula were used to incubate the herbage samples. A Bran+Luebbe InfraAlyzer 500 spectrophotometer was used to obtain the NIR spectra corresponding to the 62 original herbage samples. Prediction equations for the estimation of in vitro digestibility and in sacco degradability parameters of the NDF fraction were generated using NIR spectra or chemical data as independent variables. The results showed that the in vitro digestibility and kinetic parameters of degradation of the NDF fraction could not be predicted accurately, probably as a consequence of the errors corresponding to the reference methods. In contrast, these errors did not greatly affect the extent of disappearance of the NDF fraction at later times, so the accuracy of prediction of these parameters was higher, especially when NIR spectra were used as independent variables. This is probably due to the close relationship that the parameters showed with the chemical data, since this kind of information, together with some physical characteristics of the samples, is included in the NIR spectra.
TDIF Peptide Signaling Regulates Vascular Stem Cell Proliferation via the <i>WOX4</i> Homeobox Gene in <i>Arabidopsis</i>   (2010)

The indeterminate nature of plant growth and development depends on the stem cell system found in meristems. The Arabidopsis thaliana vascular meristem includes procambium and cambium. In these tissues, cell-cell signaling, mediated by a ligand-receptor pair made of the TDIF (for tracheary element differentiation inhibitory factor) peptide and the TDR/PXY (for TDIF RECEPTOR/ PHLOEM INTERCALATED WITH XYLEM) membrane protein kinase, promotes proliferation of procambial cells and suppresses their xylem differentiation. Here, we report that a WUSCHEL-related HOMEOBOX gene, WOX4, is a key target of the TDIF signaling pathway. WOX4 is expressed preferentially in the procambium and cambium, and its expression level was upregulated upon application of TDIF in a TDR-dependent manner. Genetic analyses showed that WOX4 is required for promoting the proliferation of procambial/cambial stem cells but not for repressing their commitment to xylem differentiation in response to the TDIF signal. Thus, at least two intracellular signaling pathways that diverge after TDIF recognition by TDR might regulate independently the behavior of vascular stem cells. Detailed observations in loss-of-function mutants revealed that TDIF-TDR-WOX4 signaling plays a crucial role in the maintenance of the vascular meristem organization during secondary growth.
Noncovalent scFv multimers of tumor‐targeting anti‐Lewis<sup>y</sup> hu3S193 humanized antibody (2003)

Single-chain variable fragments (scFvs) of anti-Lewis(y) hu3S193 humanized antibody were constructed by joining the V(H) and V(L) domains with either +2 residues, +1 residue, or by directly linking the domains. In addition two constructs were synthesized in which one or two C-terminal residues of the V(H) domain were removed (-1 residue, -2 residue) and then joined directly to the V(L) domain. An scFv construct in the reverse orientation with the V(L) joined directly to the V(H) domain was also synthesized. Upon transformation into Escherichia coli all scFv constructs expressed active protein. Binding activity, multimeric status, and multivalent properties were assessed by flow cytometry, size exclusion chromatography, and biosensor analysis. The results for hu3S193 scFvs are consistent with the paradigm that scFvs with a linker of +3 residues or more associate to form a non-covalent dimer, and those with a shorter linker or directly linked associate predominantly to form a non-covalent trimer and tetramer that are in equilibrium. While the association of V domains to form either a dimer or trimer/tetramer is governed by the length of the linker, the stability of the trimer/tetramer in the equilibrium mixture is dependent on the affinity of the interaction of the individual V domains to associate to form the larger Fv module.
Fabrication of high-performance p-type thin film transistors using atomic-layer-deposited SnO films (2017)

Here, we demonstrate high-performance p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) with a SnO channel layer grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD).
Reverse-logic control of load tap changers in emergency voltage conditions (2004)

This papers deals with the emergency control of load tap changers (LTCs) to face low transmission voltages or voltage instability situations. The proposed simple control logic consists in reverting the tap movements once the voltage at a monitored transmission bus falls below some threshold. A deadband on this voltage allows the system to settle down in between the normal and reverse logic modes. In order to control a large number of LTCs, the latter are divided into clusters, each with its own monitored voltage. The paper also considers the control of two levels of LTCs in cascade, where proper coordination is required between the two levels. The proposed scheme has been tested on a detailed EHV-HV-MV planning model of the Western region of the French transmission system operated by RTE. Long-term time responses to major disturbances are shown to illustrate the performance of the proposed scheme.
Cyclooxygenase-2/Prostaglandin D2/CRTH2 Pathway Mediates Double-Stranded RNA-Induced Enhancement of Allergic Airway Inflammation (2008)

Respiratory RNA viruses responsible for the common cold often worsen airway inflammation and bronchial responsiveness, two characteristic features of human asthma. We studied the effects of dsRNA, a nucleotide synthesized during viral replication, on airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in murine models of asthma. Intratracheal instillation of poly I:C, a synthetic dsRNA, increased the airway eosinophilia and enhanced bronchial hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in OVA-sensitized, exposed rats. These changes were associated with induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression and COX-2-dependent PGD2 synthesis in the lungs, particularly in alveolar macrophages. The direct intratracheal instillation of PGD2 enhanced the eosinophilic inflammation in OVA-exposed animals, whereas pretreatment with a dual antagonist against the PGD2 receptor-(CRTH2) and the thromboxane A2 receptor, but not with a thromboxane A2 receptor-specific antagonist, nearly completely eliminated the dsRNA-induced worsening of airway inflammation and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. CRTH2-deficient mice had the same degree of allergen-induced airway eosinophilia as wild-type mice, but they did not exhibit a dsRNA-induced increase in eosinophil accumulation. Our data demonstrate that COX-2-dependent production of PGD2 followed by eosinophil recruitment into the airways via a CRTH2 receptor are the major pathogenetic factors responsible for the dsRNA-induced enhancement of airway inflammation and responsiveness.
In vitro antibacterial activity of FK482, a new orally active cephalosporin. (1988)

FK482 is a new orally active cephem antibiotic which offers some advantages over the commercially available oral beta-lactam antibiotics. It displayed a broad spectrum of activity in vitro against stock strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. FK482 was more active in vitro than cefixime (CFIX), cefaclor (CCL) or cephalexin (CEX) against clinical isolates of Gram-positive organisms such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative Staphylococci including Staphylococcus epidermidis and strains of the Streptococcus group. Moderate activity was found against methicillin-resistant S. aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Against clinical isolates of many Gram-negative species, including opportunistic pathogens, FK482 had good in vitro activity similar or slightly inferior to that of CFIX but superior to that of CCL or CEX. However, it was clearly inferior to CFIX in activity against Serratia marcescens, and was inactive against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Strains of S. aureus resistant to methicillin were moderately susceptible to FK482. All tested strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to CCL and CEX were susceptible to FK482, as were all the strains of Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Haemophilus influenzae and Branhamella catarrhalis resistant to amoxicillin (AMPC). FK482, like CFIX, was relatively stable to all type of beta-lactamases except Bacteroides fragilis and its stability was superior to that of CCL or CEX. The antibacterial activity of FK482 against CSH2 strains containing ampicillin-resistance plasmids was not affected by the presence of the ampicillin resistance determinants. FK482 showed higher affinity for the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) (3, 2 and 1) of S. aureus than did CFIX, CCL and CEX. FK482 also showed very high affinity for the PBPs (2 and 3) of E. faecalis and PBPs (3, 1a, 4, 2 and 1 bs) of E. coli. The bactericidal activity of FK482 against S. aureus was almost as strong as that of AMPC and superior to that of CCL or CEX. Against Gram-negative bacteria such as E. coli, K. pneumoniae and P. mirabilis, FK482 was similar to CFIX and superior to CCL and CEX in bactericidal activity.
High-Speed Mass Measurement of Nanoparticle and Virus (2012)

Until now, there have been no relatively easy methods to measure the mass and mass distributions of nanoparticles/viruses. In this work, we report the first set of measurements of mass and mass distributions for nanoparticles/viruses using a novel mass spectrometry technology. In the past, mass spectrometry was typically used to measure the mass of a particle or molecule with a mass less than 1,000,000 Da. We developed cell mass spectrometry that can measure the mass of a cell or a microparticle. Nevertheless, there is a gap for mass measurement methods in the mass region of a nanoparticle or virus (1 MDa to 1 GDa). Here, we developed a nanoparticle/virus mass spectrometry technique to make rapid and accurate mass and mass distribution measurements of nanoparticles/viruses. This technique should be valuable for the quality control of nanoparticle production and the identification of various viruses. In the future, this method can also serve to monitor drug delivery when nanoparticles are used as carriers. Furthermore, it may be possible to measure the degree of infection by measuring the number of viruses in specific cells or in plasma.
Sorbitol Concentrations in Plasma in Connection with Transurethral Resection of the Prostate Using Sorbitol Solution as an Irrigating Fluid (1986)

20 patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) using 5% sorbitol (N = 13) or Cytosol (N = 7) (5% sorbitol and 0.25% acetic acid) as an irrigating fluid were studied. The sorbitol concentration was determined in serum (plasma), as were sodium, prostatic acid phosphatase protein (PAP) and osmolality, as possible indicators of absorption of irrigating fluid. The plasma level of sorbitol immediately postoperatively, the increase in serum PAP and the decrease in serum sodium all reflect the amount of irrigating fluid absorbed during TURP. The three variables are intercorrelated. The plasma osmolality was not significantly changed. The maximum sorbitol concentration immediately postoperatively in any patient was 6.0 g/l (33.5 mmol/l). The mean for the series was 1.2 g/l (6.8 mmol/l). The mean serum PAP increase was 31 micrograms/l. The serum sodium decrease ranged between 0 and 14 mmol/l, mean 5.0 mmol/l. The mean half-life of sorbitol in plasma was short: 35 min, reflecting rapid metabolism. An estimate of the volume of fluid absorbed was made from the plasma sorbitol levels observed. A fluid absorption up to 2.3 l (mean 0.6 l) was found. A marked diuretic effect up to 14.1 ml/min (mean 7.8 ml/min) was observed in some cases when irrigation with sorbitol was combined with intravenous furosemide given postoperatively.
Role of lysophosphatidic acid in traumatic brain injury: anti‐LPA antibodies are neuroprotective after experimental TBI (999.3) (2014)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a bioactive phospholipid with a potentially causative role in neurotrauma. LPA receptors are increased after human brain injury and LPA levels are upregulated in the CSF and blood of traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. Further, LPA levels correlated with initial injury severity using GCS, GOSE and ISS clinical assessments. Blocking LPA signaling with the LPA‐directed monoclonal antibody, B3/Lpathomab, was neuroprotective in a mouse controlled cortical impact model of TBI. B3 significantly reduced lesion volume measured both by standard histological assessments and MRI. Diminished tissue damage coincided with improvement in functional outcomes. B3 was anti‐inflammatory by limiting cerebral mRNA expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1b. These data strongly suggest that LPA dysregulation/upregulation is causal to injury progression following TBI, and that interventions to reduce LPA may have a significant impact in mitigating early and late phases of neurotrauma. We propose that anti‐LPA mAbs could satisfy a critical unmet need by limiting the initial neuronal damage and inflammatory processes while subsequently stimulating regenerative processes to optimize long‐term functional outcomes after neurotrauma. Importantly, LPA may also be a novel biomarker for TBI. Grant Funding Source : Lpath, Inc.
Design of dual sources automatic transfer switches controller based on Atmega16 (2006)

Based on AVR MCU ATmega16,a design scheme of an intellectualized controller is presented for dual sources automatic transfer switches with circuit-breakers in heavy-loaded distribution systems.The on-chip peripherals of the micro-controller are used adequately by measuring the voltage of the sources with its A/D converter,measuring the frequency and phase order of the sources by input capture and external interrupt function,connecting LED display driver with SPI interface.Critical parameters are set by panel and stored to the on-chip EEPROM.The status detection and driving control of circuit-breakers are performed by parallel interface with optical coupling.The reliability of the controller is enhanced by taking several measures both in hardware and software to prevent electromagnetic interference.
A Systematic Review of the Comparative Safety of Colloids (2004)

Significant safety differences exist among colloids. Therefore, conclusions regarding the clinical usefulness of colloids as a fluid class should be formed with caution.
Methods for the Detection of Cytomegalovirus in Glioblastoma Cells and Tissues (2014)

An increased awareness of the potential oncomodulatory properties of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) has evolved over the last decade. We first reported the presence of HCMV in human glioblastomas, and subsequently these findings have been corroborated by other groups. However, some controversy has been associated with the immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques used, since standard immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization techniques have been insufficient to detect low level HCMV antigens and nucleic acids in some tumor tissues. Here, we present detailed methods that can be used for the sensitive detection of low level HCMV antigens and nucleic acids in human glioblastoma specimens. Using these techniques, HCMV is frequently detected in frozen and formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissue specimens. Furthermore, we demonstrate how human primary glioblastoma cells can be cultured in vitro, and how these cells can be used for detection of HCMV by immunofluorescence, in situ hybridization, western blot, and RT-PCR.