gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal administration of natural human nterferon alpha in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1986)

Ten patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were given intrathecal injections of natural interferon alpha, 1 million units weekly for 7 to 24 weeks. Six patients completed the trial. Four voluntarily withdrew after 7 to 13 injections. The slopes of deterioration for 40 quantitative tests of neuromuscular function for the control and treatment periods were compared by paired t test in the six patients who completed the trial and in the patient who withdrew after 13 injections. No significant differences were found. The patients tolerated treatment well. The CSF reaction was modest and spontaneously reversible. Indomethacin and ibuprofen blocked interferon side effects.
Advanced Materials for Printed Wearable Electrochemical Devices: A Review (2016)

The field of printed wearable electronics has witnessed spectacular growth due to its promise to offer low‐cost, high‐performance devices for a broad range of applications. Among the sub‐fields of printed wearable electronics, printed wearable electrochemical systems are of special importance due to their widespread applications in healthcare, energy and security fields. These systems have opened up new avenues for body‐integrated electronics that were earlier impossible to achieve. These include wearable energy systems and sensors for a wide variety of applications. Much of the success of printed wearable electrochemical systems can be attributed to innovations in materials engineering that have led to novel inks comprising of new nanomaterials, polymers and composites. New generation of printed electrochemical devices include soft, stretchable and anatomically‐compliant devices that enable efficient bio‐integration and withstand high tensile stress associated with on‐body applications. Progress in materials science has also led to the development of self‐healing printed electrochemical systems for wearable applications. This review provides an overview of the key material requirements for ink formulations for realizing efficient wearable electrochemical systems such as batteries, supercapacitors, biofuel cells and sensors. Finally, major challenges impeding the field of wearable electrochemical systems are discussed along with future prospects of this exciting field.
Finite element simulation of high-speed soft-body impacts (1997)

Military fighter aircraft occasionally suffer highspeed collisions with birds, posing a threat to pilot safety and to the structural integrity of the aircraft. An explicit three-dimensional finite element code for transient dynamic analysis, named X3D, has been developed at the University of Dayton Research Institute as a part of a long-term effort to design bird-impact resistant aircrew enclosure transparencies for fighter aircraft. This paper presents the results of a development effort aimed at improving the soft-body finite element models used with X3D to simulate high-speed bird impacts. Techniques are introduced which produce limited liquid-like behavior in tetrahedral bird-model elements, while avoiding numerical problems by deleting elements which exceed an allowable-def ormation measure. Good agreement on surface pressure distributions in rigid-wall impacts was obtained between the analysis and test data from the literature. A technique was explored for reducing the artificial contact force spikes caused by finite element discretization.
Isolation and purification of blasticidin s deaminase from Aspergillus terreus. (1975)

An enzyme catalyzing the deamination of the cytosine moiety of blasticidin S was extracted from a fungal strain that belongs to Aspergillus terreus. The enzyme was purified with ammonium sulfate fractionation, Sephadex G-100 column and DEAE cellulose column chromatography, followed by preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Blasticidin S deaminase could be separated easily from co-existing cytidine deaminase by DEAE column chromatography or gel electrophoresis, and preliminary study on the substrate specificity showed that this enzyme acts on blasticidin S derivatives, such as cytomycin and acetylblasticidin S, but not on cytosine, cytidine, purine bases or their nucleosides. Blasticidin S deaminase could be induced by the addition of blasticidin S to the culture, and sulfhydryl compounds, such as mercaptoethanol, were effective in protecting the enzyme from inactivation. The homogeneity of the enzyme was examined by both sedimentation analysis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight and isoelectric point were found to be around 30,000 and 4.35, respectively. Some other properties were also examined.
Acute exposure to sawdust does not alter airway calibre and responsiveness to histamine in asthmatic subjects (1988)

We investigated the effects of particles of sawdust delivered through a special device at known concentrations (close to the threshold limit value-short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL) of 10 mg.m-3) on FEV1 and PC20 in 12 asthmatic subjects free of clinical sensitization to this product. Subjects were studied over two days (day 1: exposure to sawdust; day 2: sham exposure) in random order with a maximum interval of 1 week. On each day, after the assessment of spirometry and PC20, subjects underwent exposure to sawdust or sham exposure. Sawdust was inhaled for a total of 30 min at average concentrations varying from 8.0 to 19.3 mg.m-3 (mean = 11.5 mg.m-3). Twenty-five to 39.7% (mean = 34.6%) of inhaled particles had a diameter less than 10 mu (diameter allowing deposition in the trachea and lower respiratory tract). At the end of each period of exposure, FEV1 was assessed. After recovery, the second PC20 was obtained. Serial measurements of FEV1 were carried out every hour for up to 6 h after the end of exposure. At that time, PC20 was reassessed. Only one subject showed an acute bronchoconstriction immediately after exposure to sawdust (maximum fall of 14% in FEV1) with complete recovery 10 min later. Overall, inhalation of sawdust did not modify PC20 by comparing the mean result of the first test with the second and the third assessments. Also, the mean changes in PC20 at each interval after exposure to sawdust were not significantly different from the variations in PC20 on the sham day.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Base Exchange Reactions of Bentonite and Salts of Organic Bases (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase Exchange Reactions of Bentonite and Salts of Organic BasesC. R. SmithCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1934, 56, 7, 1561–1563Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01322a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01322a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gas transport properties of poly(ether-b-amide) segmented block copolymers (2000)

The permeation properties of H2, N2, and CO2 were determined at 35 °C and pressures up to 15 atm in phase-separated polyether-b-polyamide segmented block copolymers. These polymers contain poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] or poly(tetramethylene oxide) [PTMEO] as the rubbery polyether phase and nylon-6 [PA6] or nylon-12 [PA12] as the hard polyamide phase. Extremely high values of polar (or quadrupolar)/nonpolar gas selectivities, coupled with high CO2 permeability coefficients, were observed. CO2/H2 selectivities as high as 9.8 and CO2/N2 selectivities as high as 56 were obtained in polymers with CO2 permeability coefficients of approximately 220 × 10−10 cm3(STP) cm/(cm2 s cmHg). As the amount of polyether increases, permeability increases. Gas permeability is higher in polymers with less polar constituents, PTMEO and PA12, than in those containing the more polar PEO and PA6 units. CO2/N2 and CO2/H2 selectivities are higher in polymers with higher concentrations of polar groups. These high selectivity values derive from large solubility selectivities in favor of CO2. Because CO2 is larger than H2 and has, therefore, a lower diffusion coefficient than H2, the weak size-sieving ability of the rubbery polyether phase, which is the locus of most of the gas permeation, also contributes to high CO2/H2 selectivity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2051–2062, 2000
A diffusion model for computer animation of diffuse ink painting (2002)

The multidimensional diffusion model for computer animation of diffuse ink painting opens up a new dimension in painting. In diffuse painting final image is a result of ink diffusion in absorbent paper. A straight-forward diffusion model however is unable to provide very specific features of real diffuse painting. In particular, it can not explain the appearance of certain singularities in intensity of color in the image which are very important features of diffuse ink painting. In our previous work, a model based on physical analysis of paper structure was proposed. Although this model provided an adequate simulation of many diffuse ink painting properties, it was still insufficient to explain the singularities of intensity distribution precisely. Now we solve this problem. A multidimensional diffusion model which we propose proves to provide exactly the same intensity distribution as in real images. The method was applied to animate ink diffusion 'Nijimi' of traditional Japanese ink painting 'Sumie'.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Procedure To Measure the Antioxidant Activity of Insoluble Food Components (2007)

The measurement of antioxidant activity was limited to soluble components to date. Functional groups, which are bound to insoluble matters, may exert antioxidant activity by a surface reaction phenomenon. This hypothesis was tested on the insoluble matters of foods, food ingredients, and Maillard reaction products (MRPs). Insoluble matters were prepared by consecutive washes with water and methanol followed by a lyophilization of the insoluble residue. The measurement was performed by a new procedure using 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) colored radicals. These insoluble matters always showed antioxidant activity. Alkali hydrolysis reduced up to 90% the antioxidant activity of cereal-based insoluble matters, thus confirming that fiber-bound compounds have a major role in their antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity of the insoluble MRPs was not significantly affected by processing conditions, but severe treatments increased the ratio between insoluble and soluble matters. The contribution of insoluble matter to total antioxidant activity was limited for fruits and vegetables, but it was relevant for cereal-based foods and increased over 50% for dietary-fiber-rich ingredients.
→H<sup>+</sup>/2e stoichiometry in NADH‐quinone reductase reactions catalyzed by bovine heart submitochondrial particles (1999)

Tightly coupled bovine heart submitochondrial particles treated to activate complex I and to block ubiquinol oxidation were capable of rapid uncoupler-sensitive inside-directed proton translocation when a limited amount of NADH was oxidized by the exogenous ubiquinone homologue Q1. External alkalization, internal acidification and NADH oxidation were followed by the rapidly responding (t1/2 < or = 1 s) spectrophotometric technique. Quantitation of the initial rates of NADH oxidation and external H+ decrease resulted in a stoichiometric ratio of 4 H+ vectorially translocated per 1 NADH oxidized at pH 8.0. ADP-ribose, a competitive inhibitor of the NADH binding site decreased the rates of proton translocation and NADH oxidation without affecting -->H+/2e- stoichiometry. Rotenone, piericidin and thermal deactivation of complex I completely prevented NADH-induced proton translocation in the NADH-endogenous ubiquinone reductase reaction. NADH-exogenous Q1 reductase activity was only partially prevented by rotenone. The residual rotenone- (or piericidin-) insensitive NADH-exogenous Q1 reductase activity was found to be coupled with vectorial uncoupler-sensitive proton translocation showing the same -->H+/2e- stoichiometry of 4. It is concluded that the transfer of two electrons from NADH to the Q1-reactive intermediate located before the rotenone-sensitive step is coupled with translocation of 4 H+.
X-RESTORE: Middleware for XML’s Relational Storage and Retrieve (2003)

We propose a new approach to store and query XML data in an RDBMS basing on the idea of the numbering scheme and inverted list. Our approach allows us to quickly determine the precedence, sibling and ancestor/descendant relationships between any pair of nodes in the hierarchy of XML, and utilize path index to speed up calculating of path expressions. Examples have demonstrated that our approach can effectively and efficiently support both XQuery queries and keyword searches. Our approach is also flexible enough to support XML documents both with Schema and without Schema, and applications both retrieval and update. We also present the architecture of middleware for application accessing XML documents stored in relations, and an algorithm translating a given XML document into relations effectively.
Signal System Design for a Digital Video Recording System (1977)

The design of the signal system of the Electronic Still Store (ESS) graphic retrieval system is discussed. This device can access randomly any one out of thousands of stills in less than 0.1 s and display it indefinitely without deterioration of quality. Further, it can copy stored stills through many generations without loss of quality. Based on the Ampex DM 331 disc file and related computer technology, the ESS-1 uses a removable and interchangeable disc pack. A key factor in achieving a necessary increase in linear recording density without substantially increasing the original DM 331 error rate was the development within Ampex of a new channel-encoding scheme designated M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , for modified-Miller. The M <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> code is dc-free and self-clocking. Where a previous paper on the ESS discussed the ESS and its capabilities in a general way, this paper covers signal encoding and decoding, the disc file write-and-read channel, the signal-processing and playback bays, and the means of accomplishing time-base correction.
The Spherical-Shell Microphone Array (2008)

Spherical microphone arrays have been recently studied for a wide range of applications. In particular, microphones arranged around an open or virtual sphere are useful in scanning microphone arrays for sound field analysis. However, open-sphere spherical arrays have been shown to have poor robustness at frequencies related to the zeros of the spherical Bessel functions. This paper presents a framework for the analysis of array robustness using the condition number of a given matrix, and then proposes several robust array configurations. In particular, a dual-sphere configuration previously presented which uses twice as many microphones compared to a single-sphere configuration is analyzed. This paper then shows that high robustness can be achieved without increasing the number of microphones by arranging the microphones in the volume of a spherical shell. Another simpler configuration employs a single sphere and an additional microphone at the sphere center, showing improved robustness at the low-frequency range. Finally, the white-noise gain of the arrays is investigated verifying that improved white-noise gain is associated with lower matrix condition number.
Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbon−Fluorine Bond Activation with Cp*<sub>2</sub>ZrH<sub>2</sub>:  Mechanisms of Hydrodefluorination (2001)

Cp*(2)ZrH(2) (1) (Cp* = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) reacts with primary, secondary, and tertiary monofluorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons to give Cp*(2)ZrHF (2) and/or Cp*(2)ZrF(2) and alkane quantitatively through a radical chain mechanism. The reactivity of monofluorinated aliphatic C-F bonds decreases in the order 1 degrees > 2 degrees > 3 degrees. The rate of hydrodefluorination was also greatly reduced with -CF(2)H and -CF(3) groups attached to the hydrocarbon. An atmosphere of H(2) is required to stabilize 1 against C-H activation of the Cp*-methyl groups and subsequent dimerization under the thermal conditions employed in these reactions. Reaction of 1 with fluorobenzene cleanly forms a mixture of Cp*(2)ZrHF, benzene, and Cp*(2)Zr(C(6)H(5))F. Detailed studies indicate that radicals are not involved in this aromatic C-F activation reaction and that dual hydrodefluorination pathways are operative. In one mechanism, hydridic attack by Cp*(2)ZrH(2) on the aromatic ring and fluoride abstraction is involved. In the second mechanism, an initial ortho C-H activation occurs, followed by beta-fluoride elimination to generate a benzyne complex, which then inserts into the zirconium-hydride bond.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Studies of Convection in the 1,4-Cyclohexanedione−Bromate−Acid Reaction (2006)

The manifestation and development of convection during pattern formation in the 1,4-cyclohexanedione-acid-bromate reaction was investigated using pulsed gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSE NMR) experiments. An apparatus was devised that enabled convection to be probed inside an NMR spectrometer and prevented hydrodynamic motion arising from extraneous sources, such as poor mixing or temperature gradients imposed by the experimental setup. PGSE experiments were performed concurrently with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments to show that convection arose spontaneously from inhomogeneities associated with the chemical patterns. Quantitative data on diffusion coefficients and hydrodynamic velocities are reported.
Screening the Reactivity of Pt<i><sub>x</sub></i>Ru<i><sub>y</sub></i> and Pt<i><sub>x</sub></i>Ru<i><sub>y</sub></i>Mo<i><sub>z</sub></i> Catalysts toward the Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction with the Scanning Electrochemical Microscope (2003)

We report an application of the scanning electrochemical microscope that exploits its ability to spatially map the kinetics of heterogeneous electron-transfer reactions in order to perform screening measurements for combinatorial studies of electrooxidation catalysts. The ability to measure the activity of catalyst surfaces toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction via tip−sample feedback is used to characterize the activity of PtxRuy and PtxRuyMoz catalysts as a function of composition and electrode potential. Multielement band electrodes containing various compositions of PtxRuy and PtxRuyMoz deposits are created via pulsed electrochemical deposition onto patterned substrates. Catalyst compositions are verified through a combination of Auger electron spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Activity toward the hydrogen oxidation reaction is probed in sulfuric acid solutions by using a scanning microelectrode tip placed in close proximity to the catalyst surfaces. The tip potential is held at a value where protons are reduced to hydrogen at a diffusion-limited rate. Tip-produced hydrogen is converted back to protons via oxidation at the catalyst surfaces. This leads to an increase in feedback current at the tip, whose magnitude directly reflects the substrate's rate constant for hydrogen oxidation. Monitoring the feedback response while scanning the microelectrode tip over catalyst samples of various compositions is used to deduce the onset of activity. The onset of hydrogen oxidation on these PtxRuy and PtxRuyMoz samples in the presence of an adsorbed monolayer of carbon monoxide is determined by performing screening studies as a function of electrode potential. The compositions with the lowest onset potentials are identified, and the results are compared with carbon monoxide stripping experiments.
On the immunological response of young calves to light Nematodirus helvetianus infection. (1973)

Infecting parasite-free eight week old calves with 8,000 infective Nematodirus helvetianus larvae did not modify appreciably their response to a later heavy field challenge with N. helvetianus, Ostertagia ostertagi and Cooperia oncophora, although two of six animals did have smaller Nematodirus burdens.
Tomato Polyphenol Oxidase (Differential Response of the Polyphenol Oxidase F Promoter to Injuries and Wound Signals) (1997)

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are encoded by a seven-member gene family that exhibits complex patterns of differential expression during growth and differentiation. Antisense down-regulation of constitutive and induced PPO expression results in hypersusceptibility to pathogens, suggesting a critical role for PPO-mediated phenolic oxidation in plant defense. However, the nature and extent of PPO induction and its contribution to resistance are unclear. In this study we examined the inducibility of the tomato PPO gene family. In mature plants PPO transcript levels systemically increased in young leaves (nodes 1-3) when mature leaflets (node 5) were injured. Transcripts hybridizing to PPO E/F-specific probes were the predominant wound-induced PPO mRNAs in young leaves. Analysis of PPO promoter: GUS fusion constructs shows that mechanical wounding and infection by fungal and bacterial pathogens induced transcription of PPO F. Different injuries, salicylic acid, ethylene, and jasmonates elicited distinct, cell-specific and developmental stage-specific patterns of PPO F expression. Whereas jasmonates and mechanical wounding significantly induced PPO F only in young leaves (nodes 1-3), and ethylene induced PPO F only in older leaves (node 7), salicylic acid induced PPO F in stems and foliage at all developmental stages. These results demonstrate that cis-element(s) sufficient for PPO F inducibility reside in the 5[prime] flanking region, and these elements are responsive to a broad range of signals.
Magnetic Enhancement of Phototaxing Catalytic Motors (2010)

We use the "stimulus-quench-fuse" (SQF) technique to fabricate micrometer-size colloidal heterodoublets. The doublets consist of silver and magnetic Dynabead microspheres, and the stimulus is a temporal lowering of the pH. The resulting asymmetric colloidal doublets behave as catalytic motors and show self-propulsion and phototaxis under ultraviolet (UV) light in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), by the mechanism of diffusiophoresis. The magnetic heterodoublets show autonomous movement, in random directions, in the presence of H(2)O(2) and UV light, but if an external magnetic field is also present, they align themselves and show a directed motion forming exclusion regions around them. The assembly process described in this Article can be adapted to a wide variety of materials providing a simple, quick, inexpensive, reliable, and scalable approach for the development of synthetic motors capable of performing directed motion and forming exclusion zones and patterns.