gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase I and Phase II Therapies for Acute Ischemic Stroke: An Update on Currently Studied Drugs in Clinical Research (2017)

Acute ischemic stroke is a devastating cause of death and disability, consequences of which depend on the time from ischemia onset to treatment, the affected brain region, and its size. The main targets of ischemic stroke therapy aim to restore tissue perfusion in the ischemic penumbra in order to decrease the total infarct area by maintaining blood flow. Advances in research of pathological process and pathways during acute ischemia have resulted in improvement of new treatment strategies apart from restoring perfusion. Additionally, limiting the injury severity by manipulating the molecular mechanisms during ischemia has become a promising approach, especially in animal research. The purpose of this article is to review completed and ongoing phases I and II trials for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, reviewing studies on antithrombotic, thrombolytic, neuroprotective, and antineuroinflammatory drugs that may translate into more effective treatments.
Structurally Designed <i>trans</i>-2-Phenylcyclopropylamine Derivatives Potently Inhibit Histone Demethylase LSD1/KDM1,, (2010)

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1) demethylates histone H3, in addition to tumor suppressor p53 and DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1), thus regulating eukaryotic gene expression by altering chromatin structure. Specific inhibitors of LSD1 are desired as anticancer agents, because LSD1 aberrations are associated with several cancers, and LSD1 inhibition restores the expression of abnormally silenced genes in cancerous cells. In this study, we designed and synthesized several candidate compounds to inhibit LSD1, based on the structures of LSD1 and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), in complex with an antidepressant tranylcypromine (2-PCPA) derivative. Compound S2101 exhibited stronger LSD1 inhibition than tranylcypromine and the known small LSD1 inhibitors in LSD1 demethylation assays, with a k(inact)/K(I) value of 4560 M(-1) s(-1). In comparison with tranylcypromine, the compound displayed weaker inhibition to the monoamine oxidases. The inhibition modes of the two 2-PCPA derivatives, 2-PFPA and S1201, were identified by determination of the inhibitor-bound LSD1 structures, which revealed the enhanced stability of the inhibitor-FAD adducts by their interactions with the surrounding LSD1 residues. These molecules are potential pharmaceutical candidates for cancer or latent virus infection, as well as research tools for LSD1-related biological investigations.
Differential Gene Expression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using cDNA Microarray Analysis (2001)

A cDNA microarray technique, which allows simultaneous analysis of differential expression of mRNA of over 4000 known human genes, was utilized to study the gene expression in 10 pairs of HCC and nontumorous tissues from ethnic Chinese patients in Hong Kong. A total of 211 genes were found to be highly expressed and 147 genes were downregulated in more than 1 out of 10 of the HCC pairs. The results were significant by two-tailed Wilcoxon test (P < or = 0.05 with 95% confidence) on the intensity of each DNA spot of the 10 HCC pairs. Six genes were highly expressed and 10 genes were downregulated in more than 30% of HCC pairs. Results are consistent with other published reports using traditional differential display, subtractive hybridization, or immunohistochemical staining methods. We also detected that beta-actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH), which have been commonly used as an internal standard control in mRNA expression studies, were highly expressed in HCC when compared with nontumorous tissue. It is concluded that cDNA microarray analysis is an effective method in the detection of differential gene expression in HCC.
High energy fuels for cruise missiles (1978)

The development and operational deployment of air-, sea-, and ground-launched cruise missiles may be the most significant advance in the U.S. strategic and tactical weapon systems in the next several years. Both the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Navy have developed specially synthesized liquid hydrocarbon fuels which are used in the air-launched cruise missile (ALCM) and the sea-launched cruise missile (SLCM). The preparation, properties, and performance of these and other high-energy fuels are described. These fuels have extended the range of cruise missiles approximately 15% over that which could be achieved with conventional fuels.
The activation of female sex hormones (1938)

Research Article| January 01 1938 The activation of female sex hormones: Oestrone and its esters. The output of activity and efficiency coefficient K. Miescher; K. Miescher 1The “Ciba” Research Laboratories Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar C. Scholz; C. Scholz 1The “Ciba” Research Laboratories Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. Tschopp E. Tschopp 1The “Ciba” Research Laboratories Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1938) 32 (1): 141–148. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0320141 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation K. Miescher, C. Scholz, E. Tschopp; The activation of female sex hormones: Oestrone and its esters. The output of activity and efficiency coefficient. Biochem J 1 January 1938; 32 (1): 141–148. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0320141 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1938 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1938 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Impact of Information Technology on Real Estate Licensee Income (2002)

Executive Summary. The evolution of the Internet and other forms of information technology are changing dramatically the way the real estate brokerage industry does business. While a number of previous studies have examined the earnings of real estate salespersons, few have looked at the use of information technology as it relates to real estate licensee income. The purpose of this study is to examine this relationship using a combination of factor analysis and regression modeling. The findings support a positive impact of information technology use on the earnings of real estate licensees.
Pleiotropic functions of pre‐B‐cell colony‐enhancing factor (PBEF) revealed by transcriptomics of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells treated with PBEFsiRNA (2012)

This study profiled transcriptomes of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-L) treated with pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) siRNA or scrambled RNA to gain insight into transcriptional regulations of PBEF on the endothelial function using the Affymetrix GeneChips HG-U133 plus 2. Several important themes are emerged from this study. First, PBEF affected expressions of multiple genes in the endothelium. Expression of 373 genes was increased and 64 genes decreased by at least 1.3-fold in the PBEFsiRNA-treated HMVEC-L versus the scramble RNA control. Second, the microarray results confirmed previous reports of PBEF-mediated gene expressions in some pathways but provided a more complete repertoire of molecules in those pathways. Third, most of the affected canonical pathways have not previously been reported to be PBEF responsive. Fourth, network analysis supports that PBEF has pleiotropic functions. Our first transcriptome analysis of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells treated with PBEFsiRNA has provided important insights into the transcriptional regulation of gene expression in HMVEC-L cells by PBEF. Further in-depth analysis of these transcriptional regulations may shed light on molecular mechanisms underlying PBEF-mediated endothelial functions and dysfunctions in various diseases and provide new leads of therapeutic targets to those diseases.
Disease-Modifying Pathways in Neurodegeneration (2006)

Identifying effective therapies for adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases has been a major challenge. For example, although the gene that causes Huntington's disease (HD) has been identified, its protein product appears to lack receptor or enzymatic activity that could be disrupted with therapeutic
Formation of the uniform irradiation of a target in high-power laser facilities (2004)

The methods are developed for obtaining highly uniform laser beams for direct irradiation of targets in high-power laser facilities being designed. The methods are based on the optimisation of the mutual arrangement of the beams irradiating a target, the use of stationary phase plates for the formation of the specified radiation intensity distribution on the target, and the employment of the spatiotemporal beam smoothing to suppress small-scale inhomogeneities. The requirements on different systems of the facility are considered which provide the necessary accuracy of the beam steering on a target and the admissible difference in the intensities of the beams. A method is proposed for the spatiotemporal beam smoothing using the nonstationary properties of a laser plasma. The possibilities of this method are studied experimentally.
Self-Similar Error Clusters in Communication Systems and the Concept of Conditional Stationarity (1965)

The purpose of this paper is twofold. From the viewpoint of communications engineering, it presents a model of certain random perturbations that appear to come in clusters, or bursts. This will be achieved by introducing the concept of "self-similar stochastic point process in continuous time." The resulting mechanism presents fascinating peculiarities from the mathematical viewpoint. In order to make them more palatable as well as to help in the search for further developments, the basic concept of "conditional stationarity" will be discussed in greater detail than would be strictly necessary from the viewpoint of the immediate engineering problem of errors of transmission. This work is related to an earlier "new model" due to J. M. Berger and the author; the logical structure of the theory has been further streamlined and a number of fresh consequences have been derived; the empirical fit has been further improved, while recourse to ad hoc corrective terms was made unnecessary.
A Compact Lateral Shearing Interferometer Based on the Michelson Interferometer (1970)

Until now almost all the lateral shearing interferometers have been based on the Mach-Zehnder or Jamin interferometers. Many of these modifications are useful in optical testing, interference microscopy, etc. A simple lateral shearing interferometer is devised using the Michelson interferometer as the basis. This consists of essentially two right angle prisms put together. These prisms are cemented together to have fixed shear. Also, an interferometer of variable shear is built by having a thin layer of oil between the prisms. The interferometer is used in optical testing by placing it in the focal region of an optical system.
TEM studies of Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub>ferroelectric relaxors (1989)

Abstract TEM was used to observe nanoscale microstructural changes which occur over a range of PMN-PT compositions. Increasing PT additions to the PMN-PT solid solution modify ferroelectric and structurally ordered domains. The relevance of nanostructural changes to the corresponding dielectric properties are briefly discussed.
Preparation of Phosphonomethyl Ethers Derived from 2-Phenylethanol and Its Amino Derivatives (1995)

A series of compounds derived from the acyclic nucleoside antiviral 9-(2-phosphonomethoxyethyl)adenine (PMEA), in which the adenine ring is replaced by phenyl, 4-aminophenyl, 3-aminophenyl or 3,5-diaminophenyl group, has been prepared starting from the corresponding phenethyl alcohols. 2-(3-Aminophenyl)ethanol was prepared from 3-nitrobenzoyl chloride using the Arndt-Eistert reaction. The primarily formed diazoketone Ia was converted into ethyl 3-nitrophenylacetate ( IIa ) which on catalytic hydrogenation afforded ethyl 3-aminophenylacetate ( IIIa ). Compound IIIa was reduced with lithium aluminium hydride to give 2-(3-aminophenyl)ethanol ( IVa ). 2-(3,5-Diaminophenyl)ethanol ( IVb ) was prepared analogously from 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride. After protection of the amino group with dimethylaminomethylene group, the alcohol IVa was converted to diisopropyl 2-(3-aminophenyl)ethoxymethylphosphonate ( XII ) by reaction with sodium hydride and diisopropyl p -toluenesulfonyloxymethanephosphonate, followed by deprotection of the amino group by treatment with ammonia. Reaction of diisopropyl ester XII with bromotrimethylsilane gave free 2-(3-aminophenyl)ethoxymethylphosphonic acid ( XVII ). The same procedure, applied to the corresponding aminophenethyl alcohols, afforded: 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethoxymethylphosphonic acid ( XVI ) and 2-(3,5-diamino phenyl)ethoxymethylphosphonic acid ( XVIII ). The synthesized compounds were tested in vitro on cell cultures for the cytostatic and antiviral activity (HSV-1, HSV-2, VSV, VZV, CMV). No antiviral activity has been found for any of the compounds.
Deaths and cardiovascular injuries due to device-assisted implantable cardioverter-defibrillator and pacemaker lead extraction (2009)

These findings suggest that device-assisted lead extraction is a high-risk procedure and that serious complications including death may not be mitigated by emergency surgery. However, skilled standby cardiothoracic surgery is essential when performing pacemaker and ICD lead extractions. Although the incidence of these complications is unknown, the results of our study imply that device-assisted lead extractions should be performed by highly qualified physicians and their teams in specialized centres.
PSYCHOSOCIAL DWARFISM (1982)

Psychosocial Dwarfism, a syndrome caused by deprivation, emotional stress and/or neglect, occurs in both infants and children. The identification of children who are delayed because of such stress can be difficult. This article reviews historical and observational diagnostic clues including typical family interactional patterns and attitudes. Diagnosis of PSD is made by a demonstration of change, generally one that occurs upon removal of the child from the family environment. This removal is frequently the beginning of the intervention process, the goal of which is the reversal of physical and psychological delays, the elimination of bizarre behaviors, and the completion of catch-up growth and stabilization of normal growth. Too little is known about successful treatment methods in cases of PSD. The success of interventions is validated by change and can only be determined over long-term follow-up. There is a great need for research and it is important that all health care workers become aware of this challenging disorder.
Compaction of Asphalt Pavement (1989)

This synthesis will be of interest to construction and materials engineers, paving contractors, equipment manufacturers, and others who are involved in assessing the performance of asphalt pavements. Information is presented on various issues related to compaction of asphalt pavements. Compaction is one of the most important factors affecting the performance of asphalt pavements. This report of the Transportation Research Board describes the theory, methods, equipment, and specifications related to the compaction of asphalt pavements. A brief history of, the importance of, and factors affecting compaction are also discussed. Construction influences, density measurements, and trends are also considered.
PD-1/PD-L1, PD-1/PD-L2, and other co-inhibitory signaling pathways in transplantation (2008)

Transplantation of cells, tissues and vascularized solid organs is a successful therapeutic intervention for many end-stage chronic diseases. The combination of co-stimulatory blockade with the delivery of negative signals to T cells through co-inhibitory receptors would provide a robust approach to modulating T-cell receptor signaling and improving alloantigen-specific control of transplant rejection. This approach based on fundamental knowledge of APC/T-cell interactions may complement conventional therapies in the near future to reinforce long-term allograft survival, and permit minimal immunosuppression. The focus of this review was primarily on two major co-inhibitory signaling pathways, namely PD-1/PD-L1/PD-L2 and BTLA/CD160/HVEM/LIGHT that have been thoroughly characterized in murine models of transplantation using genetically modified mice, specific monoclonal antibodies and fusion proteins.
Helping Medicare Beneficiaries Choose Health Insurance: The Illness Episode Approach (1990)

Lacking objective, comprehensible information about health care coverage options, Medicare beneficiaries rarely understand the consequences of alternative purchasing decisions. We describe the Illness Episode Approach, a method providing information on Medicare itself, Medigap policies, and HMOs. The method presents calculations of seniors' out-of-pocket costs under different insurance options for 13 common illnesses.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Dopamine D <sub>2</sub> Receptor Through Fragmentation of a Bitopic Ligand (2015)

Recently, we have demonstrated that N-((trans)-4-(2-(7-cyano-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)ethyl)cyclohexyl)-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (SB269652) (1) adopts a bitopic pose at one protomer of a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) dimer to negatively modulate the binding of dopamine at the other protomer. The 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1 extends into a secondary pocket between the extracellular ends of TM2 and TM7 within the D2R protomer. To target this putative allosteric site, we generated and characterized fragments that include and extend from the 1H-indole-2-carboxamide moiety of 1. N-Isopropyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (3) displayed allosteric pharmacology and sensitivity to mutations of the same residues at the top of TM2 as was observed for 1. Using 3 as an "allosteric lead", we designed and synthesized an extensive fragment library to generate novel SAR and identify N-butyl-1H-indole-2-carboxamide (11d), which displayed both increased negative cooperativity and affinity for the D2R. These data illustrate that fragmentation of extended compounds can expose fragments with purely allosteric pharmacology.
Augmenting Knowledge Tracing by Considering Forgetting Behavior (2019)

Computer-aided education systems are now seeking to provide each student with personalized materials based on a student's individual knowledge. To provide suitable learning materials, tracing each student's knowledge over a period of time is important. However, predicting each student's knowledge is difficult because students tend to forget. The forgetting behavior is mainly because of two reasons: the lag time from the previous interaction, and the number of past trials on a question. Although there are a few studies that consider forgetting while modeling a student's knowledge, some models consider only partial information about forgetting, whereas others consider multiple features about forgetting, ignoring a student's learning sequence. In this paper, we focus on modeling and predicting a student's knowledge by considering their forgetting behavior. We extend the deep knowledge tracing model [17], which is a state-of-the-art sequential model for knowledge tracing, to consider forgetting by incorporating multiple types of information related to forgetting. Experiments on knowledge tracing datasets show that our proposed model improves the predictive performance as compared to baselines. Moreover, we also examine that the combination of multiple types of information that affect the behavior of forgetting results in performance improvement.
Nonlinear Companding Transform Using Hyperbolic Tangent Function in OFDM Systems (2012)

A new nonlinear companding transform (NCT) scheme is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmitted signals in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Its companding transfer curve is based on the specified hyperbolic tangent function. By compressing large amplitude signals while enhancing small ones simultaneously, this scheme can obtain an effective reduction of PAPR with a low bit error rate (BER) degradation. A theoretical performance analysis regarding the achievable PAPR reduction and transform gain are provided. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed scheme.
Null Mutation of <i>PCLN-1/Claudin-16</i> Results in Bovine Chronic Interstitial Nephritis (2000)

Inherited chronic renal diseases are associated with failures in glomerular filtration and tubular resorption. Such failures invariably result from defects in selective filtration and absorption in surface renal epithelium. Recently, we described an autosomal recessive chronic interstitial nephritis with diffuse zonal fibrosis (CINF) in cattle. Bovine CINF, characterized by increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and urinary proteins, leads to lethality before puberty, usually within the first 6 months or year of life. Here, we demonstrate that the first four exons of PCLN-1/Claudin-16 (CL-16), which encodes a member of the claudin family of tight junction proteins, were deleted in CINF-affected cattle. CL-16 was expressed preferentially in kidneys of normal cattle, but transcripts were totally absent in affected offspring. This observation suggests that the lack of CL-16 protein contributes to the dysfunction of paracellular renal transport systems.
Braunwald's Heart Disease: a textbook of cardiovascular medicine volume 1 (2015)

This book about fundamental of cardiovascular disease, genetics and personalized medicine, evaluation of the patient and others.
Reclassification of ‘Dactylosporangium variesporum’ as Saccharothrix variisporea corrig. (ex Tomita et al. 1977) sp. nov., nom. rev. (2010)

In the course of a polyphasic study it was observed that ‘ Dactylosporangium variesporum ’ NRRL B-16296 is misclassified in the genus Dactylosporangium as it exhibits properties consistent with its assignment to the genus Saccharothrix . Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences show that the strain falls within the evolutionary radiation of the genus Saccharothrix , a result which is supported by corresponding chemotaxonomic and morphological markers. The strain is phylogenetically most closely, albeit loosely, related to Saccharothrix espanaensis, but can be readily distinguished from this and other species of the genus Saccharothrix with validly described names by using a range of phenotypic properties. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrate conclusively that this strain should be classified as a new species in the genus Saccharothrix for which the name Saccharothrix variisporea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NRRL B-16296 T (=ATCC 31203 T =DSM 43911 T =JCM 3273 T =NBRC 14104 T ).