gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensorless Position and Speed Control of a Brushless DC Motor from Start-Up to Nominal Speed (1992)

SummaryThe brush less DC motors are synchronous motors, self-commutated through a transistor bridge. The aim is to generate a magnetic field always positioned so that the torque is maximum. This principle needs a rotor position detection. Sensors as Hall effect devices, resolvers or optical disks arc generally used. For small motors as those used in computer peripherics, it becomes impossible to implement such devices. Thus, the goal is to realize indirect sensors. The present paper describes a methodology to control a motor from standstill to full speed without direct position and speed sensors.At standstill, the position is determined by short current pulses, enabling to detect indirectly the saturation level of the different phases. In order to avoid the temperature effect on the time constants, the measurement is converted into a current difference, with positive and negative current pulses in each phase. So, a logical state is defined, corresponding to the actual position with an angular accuracy of one electrical period divided into 2m (m = number of phases). Such a method is necessary in order to assure a starting in the correct direction. An hazardous first switch on can let start the motor in the wrong direction. Consequently, the proposed system offers the possibility to start surely, without back oscillation.The proposed system of position detection is used to start the motor from stanstill to a meduim speed, where the well-known method of the phase back E.M.F. position detection is applied. From medium speed to the nominal speed the motor is accelerated using the phase back E.M.F. position detection. Consequently, the mctor is fully controlled in a closed-loop sensorless mode from standstill to the nominal speed. The method is presented through a principle analysis, a process description and experimental measurements.
Learning Stochastic Recurrent Networks (2014)

Leveraging advances in variational inference, we propose to enhance recurrent neural networks with latent variables, resulting in Stochastic Recurrent Networks (STORNs). The model i) can be trained with stochastic gradient methods, ii) allows structured and multi-modal conditionals at each time step, iii) features a reliable estimator of the marginal likelihood and iv) is a generalisation of deterministic recurrent neural networks. We evaluate the method on four polyphonic musical data sets and motion capture data.
A placebo-controlled trial of insulin-like growth factor-I in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1998)

To test the safety and efficacy of recombinant human insulin-like growth factor-I (rhIGF-I) in ALS, 183 patients from eight European centers were randomized to receive double-blind placebo (n = 59) or rhIGF-I 0.1 mg/kg/day (n = 124) subcutaneously for 9 months. At study completion, the primary efficacy outcome measure (change in disease progression as assessed by the Appel ALS rating scale) showed no significant difference between treatment groups. RhIGF-I appeared to be safe and well-tolerated.
Sensitivities of Power-to-gas Within an Optimised Energy System (2015)

The storage of fluctuating energy production is a major challenge on the pathway to a fully renewable electricity supply. This paper investigates the role of Power-to-Gas (PtG) as a key storage technology in the fulfilment of the Energiewende. This study describesthe optimal composition and application of energy supply technologies using a detailed cost optimisation model based on data from an existing system in an actual German region. The region's electricity demand can be covered with 100% renewables at a levelised cost of electricity (LCOE) of 11 ct/kWhel. We found that the PtG capital expenditures (CAPEX) do not significantly affect the optimal system in terms of the installed capacity of PtG. Due to the high storage capacity of the existing gas grid, the use of PtG results in lower LCOE than the use of batteries. Alteration of system components towards greaterfluctuating energy production increases the need forlong-term energy storage, especially PtG, and results inhigher total costs. In summary, this investigation demonstrates the significance of Power-to-Gas.
Health monitoring of vibration signatures (2002)

We propose to design and to evaluate an on-board intelligent health assessment tool for rotorcraft machines, which is capable of detecting, identifying, and accommodating expected system degradations and unanticipated catastrophic failures in rotorcraft machines under an adverse operating environment. A fuzzy-based neural network paradigm with an on-line learning algorithm is developed to perform expert advising for the ground-based maintenance crew. A hierarchical fault diagnosis architecture is advocated to fulfil the time-critical and on-board needs in different levels of structural integrity over a global operating envelope. The research objective is to experimentally demonstrate the feasibility and flexibility of the proposed health monitoring procedure through numerical simulations of bearing faults in USAF MH-53J PAVE LOW helicopter transmissions. The proposed fault detection, identification and accommodation architecture is applicable to various generic rotorcraft machines. The proposed system will greatly reduce the operational and developmental costs and serve as an essential component in an autonomous control system.
Effects of Substitution Site on Acetyl Amylose Biodegradability by Amylase Enzymes (1996)

The site-selective syntheses of water soluble (6-O)- and (2-O/3-O)-acetyl amylose polymers (substituted at primary and secondary hydroxyl functionalities, respectively) were carried out. On the basis of 1H NMR analyses regiospecificities of >95% were achieved. In addition, routine chemical methods which did not employ protection−deprotection steps provided water soluble (2-O/3-O/6-O)-acetyl amylose polymers. To maintain water solubility, the polymer degree of substitution (ds) was maintained at <0.70. The biodegradation characteristics of these products as a function of site and ds were studied by exposures to the α-amylases from Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus licheniformis, and Aspergillus oryzae. Quantitation of the biodegradation rate and percent were carried out using the dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) reducing sugar assay. Common to all three α-amylases was that these enzymes degraded (2-O/3-O)-acetyl amylose polymers much more rapidly and to greater extents than (6-O)-acetyl amylose derivatives of similar ds's and molecular weights (Mv). The rate of and percent degradation of (2-O/3-O/6-O)-acetyl amylose polymers was intermediate to that of (2-O/3-O)- and (6-O)-acetyl amylose polymers. Thus, the importance of site of substitution on the biodegradability of acetyl amylose polymers was demonstrated. Interestingly, when low ds (∼0.20) acetyl amylose polymers were exposed to the exoglycosidase from sweet potatoes (β-amylase), little to no polymer degradation was observed. This is believed to result from the rapid formation of substituted chain ends that are not degraded by the β-amylase, thus terminating further chain degradation events.
Minor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 31. Isolation and structure elucidation of 23H-isocalysterol, a naturally occurring cyclopropene. Some comparative observations on the course of hydrogenolytic ring opening of steroidal cyclopropenes and cyclopropanes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMinor and trace sterols in marine invertebrates. 31. Isolation and structure elucidation of 23H-isocalysterol, a naturally occurring cyclopropene. Some comparative observations on the course of hydrogenolytic ring opening of steroidal cyclopropenes and cyclopropanesLian Niang Li, Hui Ting Li, Robert W. Lang, Toshihiro Itoh, Donato Sica, and Carl DjerassiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 24, 6726–6732Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00388a041https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00388a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of precise and reliable gas diffusion coefficients by gas chromatography (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of precise and reliable gas diffusion coefficients by gas chromatographyFrank Yang, Stephen Hawkes, and F. T. LindstromCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 17, 5101–5107Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00433a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00433a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flupirtine blocks apoptosis in batten patient lymphoblasts and in human postmitotic CLN3‐ and CLN2‐deficient neurons (2002)

Multiple gene defects cause Batten disease. Accelerated apoptosis accounts for neurodegeneration in the late infantile and juvenile forms that are due to defects in the CLN3 and CLN2 genes. Extensive neuronal death is seen in CLN2- and CLN3-deficient human brain as well as in CLN6-deficient sheep brain and retina. When neurons in late infantile and juvenile brain survive, they manage to do so by upregulating the neuroprotective molecule Bcl-2. The CLN3 gene has antiapoptotic properties at the molecular level. We show that the CLN2 gene is neuroprotective: it enhances growth of NT2 cells and maintains survival of human postmitotic hNT neurons. Conversely, blocking CLN3 or CLN2 expression in hNT neurons with adenoviral antisense-CLN3 or antisense-CLN2-AAV2 constructs causes apoptosis. The drug flupirtine is a triaminopyridine derivative that acts as a nonopioid analgesic. Flupirtine upregulates Bcl-2, increases glutathione levels, activates an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, and delays loss of intermitochondrial membrane calcium retention capacity. We show that flupirtine aborts etoposide-induced apoptosis in CLN1-, CLN2-, CLN3-, and CLN6-deficient as well as normal lymphoblasts. Flupirtine also prevents the death of CLN3- and CLN2-deficient postmitotic hNT neurons at the mitochondrial level. We show that a mechanism of neuroprotection exerted by flupirtine involves complete functional antagonism of N-methyl-D-aspartate or N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced neuronal apoptosis. Flupirtine may be useful as a drug capable of halting the progression of neurodegenerative diseases caused by dysregulated apoptosis.
Simulation and Control System of a Railroad Track Power Harvesting Device (2011)

With the vastness of existing railroad infrastructure, there exist numerous road crossings which are lacking warning light systems and/or crossing gates due to their remoteness from existing electrical infrastructure. Along with lacking warning light systems, these areas also tend to lack distributed sensor networks used for railroad track health monitoring applications. With the power consumption required by these systems being minimal, extending electrical infrastructure into these areas would not be an economical use of resources. This motivated the development of an energy harvesting solution for remote railroad deployment. This thesis describes a computer simulation created to validate experimental on-track results for different mechanical prototypes designed for harvesting mechanical power from passing railcar traffic. Using the Winkler model for beam deflection as its basis, the simulation determines the maximum power potential for each type of prototype for various railcar loads and speeds. Along with calculating the maximum power potential of a single device, the simulation also calculates the optimal number and position of the devices needed to power a standard railroad crossing light signal. A control system was also designed to regulate power to a battery, monitor and record power production, and make adjustments to the duty cycle of the crossing lights accordingly. On-track test results are compared and contrasted with results from simulations, discrepancies between the two are examined and explained, and conclusions are drawn regarding suitability of arrays of such energy harvesting systems for powering high-efficiency LED lights at railroad crossings and powering track-health sensor networks. Advisor: Carl A. Nelson
Technology Innovation of Product Using CAI System Based on TRIZ (2008)

Technology innovation and creative problem solving are necessary for long-term enterprise survival. Making Strategic decisions for product development is a key step in the technical innovation process. Computer-aided innovation (CAI) Systems based on TRIZ (Theory of inventive problem solving) support Strategic ideas generation of innovation. TRIZ methods are applied to assess the maturity of a technical System and to forecast future technological R&D plans. A general process for technology innovation of product supported by CAI System is developed. A case study is presented to show how technology maturity mapping and patterns and lines of evolution are used to predict the future development of butterfly valve’s sealing technology.
Dimming control of metal halide lamp with high power factor (2003)

A high power factor dimming control for high intensity discharge lamp (HID) is presented in this paper. The system configuration consists of a power factor pre-regulator, a full-bridge inverter, and a series-resonant tank. The power factor pre-regulator, based on a boost converter and diode rectifier, is controlled to produce sinusoidal line current with high power factor and low current harmonics. The phase-shift PWM scheme is adopted for inverter drive. In this control approach, the constant switching frequency with variable duty cycle is implemented for dimming control. The series-resonant parallel-loaded circuit is used to drive the metal halide lamp (MHL), one of the high intensity discharge lamps. Finally, experimental results of a 70 W MHL hardware prototype are presented to verify the characteristics of high power factor and dimming control of electronic ballast.
Multi-Label Classification of Traffic Scenes (2014)

This work deals with multi-label classification of traffic scene images. We introduce a novel labeling scheme for the traffic scene dataset FM2. Each image in the dataset is assigned up to five labels: settlement, road, tunnel, traffic and overpass. We propose representing the images with (i) bag-of-words and (ii) GIST descriptors. The bag-of-words model detects SIFT features in training images, clusters them to form visual words, and then represents each image as a histogram of visual words. On the other hand, the GIST descriptor represents an image by capturing perceptual features meaningful to a human observer, such as naturalness, openness, roughness, etc. We compare the two representations by measuring classification performance of Support Vector Machine and Random Forest classifiers. Labels are assigned by applying binary one-vs-all classifiers trained separately for each class. Categorization success is evaluated over multiple labels using a variety of parameters. We report good classification results for easier class labels (road, F 1 = 98% and tunnel, F 1 = 94%), and discuss weaker results (overpass, F 1 < 50%) that call for use of more advanced methods.
[Use of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of intestinal inflammatory diseases]. (2010)

The use of MSC may be appreciated as a new strategic direction of therapy for IID. The intravenously administered stem cells exert a potent immunomodulatory effect, reduce the activity of autoimmune inflammation, and stimulate a reparative process in the intestinal mucosa.
Growth and Energy Bandgap Formation of Silicon Nitride Films in Radical Nitridation (2007)

The surface profiles and energy bandgap of sub-nanometer-thick silicon nitride layers, which were formed by radical nitridation, were analyzed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS). According to the STM results, the surface roughness of the nitride layers depends only on substrate temperature regardless of radio frequency (RF) power, which indicates that the growth mode of the silicon nitride layer in radical nitridation is attributed to the surface silicon atom migration but does not depend on the types of nitrogen radical. In contrast, STS spectra show that the energy bandgap of the silicon nitride layer is significantly changed with not only substrate temperature but also RF power. The densities of nitrogen radicals were analyzed by absorption and emission spectroscopy, which suggests that the contribution of the excited-state nitrogen atoms to radical nitridation increases as RF power increases. The monolayer-thick nitride layer with both an atomically flat surface and a wide energy bandgap can be formed under appropriate conditions, because they are limited by different thermaly activated features.
Catalytic and Induced Oxidation of Some Carbohydrates, Uric Acid, and Inorganic Substances (1926)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic and Induced Oxidation of Some Carbohydrates, Uric Acid, and Inorganic SubstancesC. C. PalitC. C. PalitMore by C. C. Palit and N. R. DharN. R. DharMore by N. R. DharCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1926, 30, 7, 939–953Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1926Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1926https://doi.org/10.1021/j150265a009RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (870 KB) Get e-Alerts
Handbook for Dynamic Data Acquisition and Analysis - IES Recommended Practices 012.1 (1994)

The original motivation for this Handbook came from personnel of The Aerospace Corporation (TAC), who are technical advisors to the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center. Over the preceding two decades, TAC has observed a seemingly endless series of errors and anomalies in the acquisition and analysis of structural dynamic and aeroacoustic data.
A Bio-inspired Copper CatalystSystem for Practical Catalytic Cyanation of Aryl Bromides (2008)

A general and environmentally improved protocol for the cyanation of aryl halides with the nontoxic cyanide source potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) {K4[Fe(CN)6]} using copper catalysis and a ligand system based on 1-alkyl-1H-imidazoles is presented. The advantages of this system are a wide substrate range, high selectivity, easy handling, and inexpensive reagents.
Nucleic Acid Aptamers: An Emerging Tool for Biotechnology and Biomedical Sensing (2015)

Detection of small molecules or proteins of living cells provides an exceptional opportunity to study genetic variations and functions, cellular behaviors, and various diseases including cancer and microbial infections. Our aim in this review is to give an overview of selected research activities related to nucleic acid-based aptamer techniques that have been reported in the past two decades. Limitations of aptamers and possible approaches to overcome these limitations are also discussed.
Synthesis of conjugated oligomers and polymers: the organometallic way (2003)

Results of special interest in the field of organometallic chemistry directed towards the synthesis of conjugated oligomers and polymers are reviewed. Methodologies widely employed in the synthesis of well-defined molecules and based on the transition metal catalyzed coupling reactions of various organometallic (B, Sn, Si, Mg and Zn) reagents have been more recently extended to build up poly- or oligo-meric conjugated molecular architectures. Although the focus of the present work is on transition metal cross-coupling or homo-coupling processes, other useful organometallic routes, such as metathesis reactions and acetylene polymerization, have also been dealt with. Owing to their higher versatility with respect to the non-organometallic processes commonly used for the synthesis of these materials, the approaches presented allow the realization of more complex molecular structures, which are nowadays required in many electronic and optoelectronic applications. The use of organometallic strategies has been discussed from a synthetic organic chemist's point of view, and advantages and limitations of the different methodologies reviewed have been highlighted. Some attention has also been paid to the properties of the resulting materials and to their dependence on the procedure followed and the framework obtained.