gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ observation of graphene sublimation and multi-layer edge reconstructions (2009)

We induced sublimation of suspended few-layer graphene by in situ Joule-heating inside a transmission electron microscope. The graphene sublimation fronts consisted of mostly {1100} zigzag edges. Under appropriate conditions, a fractal-like "coastline" morphology was observed. Extensive multiple-layer reconstructions at the graphene edges led to the formation of unique carbon nanostructures, such as sp(2)-bonded bilayer edges (BLEs) and nanotubes connected to BLEs. Flat fullerenes/nanopods and nanotubes tunneling multiple layers of graphene sheets were also observed. Remarkably, >99% of the graphene edges observed during sublimation are BLEs rather than monolayer edges (MLEs), indicating that BLEs are the stable edges in graphene at high temperatures. We reproduced the "coastline" sublimation morphologies by kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulations. The simulation revealed geometrical and topological features unique to quasi-2-dimensional (2D) graphene sublimation and reconstructions. These reconstructions were enabled by bending, which cannot occur in first-order phase transformations of 3D bulk materials. These results indicate that substrate of multiple-layer graphene can offer unique opportunities for tailoring carbon-based nanostructures and engineering novel nano-devices with complex topologies.
A Novel OFDM Receiver with Optimum Second Order Polynomial Nyquist Windowing (2006)

这篇论文求婚一新收到计划和域第二顺序多项式 Nyquist 窗户工作，并且把他们用于直角的 Frequency-DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM ) 系统以便减少频率偏移量导致的内部搬运人的干扰(帝国化学工业公司) 的时间的一个类。这篇论文也分析信号到帝国化学工业公司正噪音比率(SINR ) 和小点接收装置的 ErrorRate (BER ) 表演。另外，这篇论文建议一个方法选择最佳窗户参数最大化因此提供一个适应收到能力的接收装置的 SINR。我们的结果证明建议方法启用统一滚边因素的使用，比提供更好的 SINR 和 BER 常规收到因素通常是其滚边的方法不到一个。新秒顺序多项式窗口被显示比提起的余弦提供更好的性能并且“比好” Nyquist 窗户。
N-Acylated Serinol Is a Novel Ceramide Mimic Inducing Apoptosis in Neuroblastoma Cells (2000)

A novel structural analog of ceramide was synthesized by N-acylation of serinol (2-amino-1,3-propanediol) and studied for its effects on glycolipid biosynthesis and cell differentiation of neuroblastoma cells. Incubation with N-palmitoylated serinol (C16-serinol) increased the concentration of endogenous ceramide by 50-80% and caused apoptosis in rapidly dividing low density cells but not in confluent cells. Cell death was not suppressed by simultaneous incubation with phorbol ester, known to antagonize ceramide-induced apoptosis by activation of protein kinase C (PKC). Purification of potential target proteins of C16-serinol was achieved by affinity chromatography of a protein preparation from rat brain on immobilized C16-serinol. A gel activity assay revealed that the eluate from C16-serinol-Sepharose contained three serine/threonine-specific protein kinases with molecular masses of 50, 70, and 95 kDa. The 70-kDa protein was immunostained on a Western blot using a PKCzeta-specific antibody. The purified PKCzeta could be activated directly by C16-serinol in an in vitro phosphorylation assay. Induction of apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells was suppressed by inhibition of PKCzeta with Gö 6983. Our overall results indicate that apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells induced by C16-serinol was at least partially mediated by activation of PKCzeta on condition of ongoing cell division. N-Acylated serinols may thus be useful for induction of apoptosis in mitotic cells and may be of therapeutic potential for treatment of cancer in the nervous system.
Electrically Tunable Superhydrophobic Nanostructured Surfaces (2006)

In this work, we discuss dynamic electrical control of the wetting behavior of liquids on nanostructured surfaces spanning the entire possible range from superhydrophobic behavior to nearly complete wetting. It is demonstrated that a droplet of liquid can be reversibly switched between the superhydrophobic “rolling ball” state and the hydrophilic immobile droplet state by the application of electrical voltage and current. The nature of the transition mechanism is studied both experimentally and theoretically. The reported results provide novel methods of manipulating liquids at microscale.
A quasi-SOI power MOSFET for radio frequency applications formed by reversed silicon wafer direct bonding (2001)

A quasi-SOI power MOSFET for radio frequency (RF) applications was fabricated by reversed silicon wafer direct bonding (RSDB). Its breakdown voltage was more than twice that of the conventional SOI power MOSFET and its other dc characteristics were almost the same. Its maximum oscillation frequency was about 15% higher than that of the conventional SOI power MOSFET. The power-added efficiency (PAE) of the quasi- SOI power MOSFET was higher than the SOI one. It showed excellent PAE of 68% at a drain bias of 3.6 V.
Fabrication of Au-Ag nanocage@NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Er Core-Shell Hybrid and its Tunable Upconversion Enhancement (2017)

Localized electric filed enhancement by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of noble metal nanoparticles is an effective method to amplify the upconversion luminescence (UCL) strength of upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs), whereas the highly effective UCL enhancement of UCNPs in colloids has not been realized until now. Here, we designed and fabricated the colloidal Au-Ag nanocage@NaYF<sub>4</sub>@NaYF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er core-shell hybrid with different intermediate thickness (NaYF<sub>4</sub>) and tunable SPR peaks from visible wavelength region to NIR region. After the optimization of the intermediate spacer thickness (~7.5 nm) of NaYF<sub>4</sub> NPs and the SPR peak (~950 nm) of noble metal nanoparticles, an optimum enhancement as high as ~25 folds was obtained. Systematic investigation indicates that UCL enhancement mainly originates from the influence of the intermediate spacer and the coupling of Au-Ag nanocages with the excitation electromagnetic field of the UCNPs. Our findings may provide a new thinking on designing highly effective metal@UCNPs core-shell hybrid in colloids.
I-vectors in the context of phonetically-constrained short utterances for speaker verification (2012)

Short speech duration remains a critical factor of performance degradation when deploying a speaker verification system. To overcome this difficulty, a large number of commercial applications impose the use of fixed pass-phrases. In this context, we show that the performance of the popular i-vector approach can be greatly improved by taking advantage of the phonetic information that they convey. Moreover, as i-vectors require a conditioning process to reach high accuracy, we show that further improvements are possible by taking advantage of this phonetic information within the normalisation process. We compare two methods, Within Class Covariance Normalization (WCCN) and Eigen Factor Radial (EFR), both relying on parameters estimated on the same development data. Our study suggests that WCCN is more robust to data mismatch but less efficient than EFR when the development data has a better match with the test data.
Aesthetic Visual Quality Assessment of Paintings (2009)

This paper aims to evaluate the aesthetic visual quality of a special type of visual media: digital images of paintings. Assessing the aesthetic visual quality of paintings can be considered a highly subjective task. However, to some extent, certain paintings are believed, by consensus, to have higher aesthetic quality than others. In this paper, we treat this challenge as a machine learning problem, in order to evaluate the aesthetic quality of paintings based on their visual content. We design a group of methods to extract features to represent both the global characteristics and local characteristics of a painting. Inspiration for these features comes from our prior knowledge in art and a questionnaire survey we conducted to study factors that affect human's judgments. We collect painting images and ask human subjects to score them. These paintings are then used for both training and testing in our experiments. Experimental results show that the proposed work can classify high-quality and low-quality paintings with performance comparable to humans. This work provides a machine learning scheme for the research of exploring the relationship between aesthetic perceptions of human and the computational visual features extracted from paintings.
Performance of a commercial optical CT scanner and polymer gel dosimeters for 3‐D dose verification (2004)

Performance analysis of a commercial three-dimensional (3-D) dose mapping system based on optical CT scanning of polymer gels is presented. The system consists of BANG 3 polymer gels (MGS Research, Inc., Madison, CT), OCTOPUS laser CT scanner (MGS Research, Inc., Madison, CT), and an in-house developed software for optical CT image reconstruction and 3-D dose distribution comparison between the gel, film measurements and the radiation therapy treatment plans. Various sources of image noise (digitization, electronic, optical, and mechanical) generated by the scanner as well as optical uniformity of the polymer gel are analyzed. The performance of the scanner is further evaluated in terms of the reproducibility of the data acquisition process, the uncertainties at different levels of reconstructed optical density per unit length and the effects of scanning parameters. It is demonstrated that for BANG 3 gel phantoms held in cylindrical plastic containers, the relative dose distribution can be reproduced by the scanner with an overall uncertainty of about 3% within approximately 75% of the radius of the container. In regions located closer to the container wall, however, the scanner generates erroneous optical density values that arise from the reflection and refraction of the laser rays at the interface between the gel and the container. The analysis of the accuracy of the polymer gel dosimeter is exemplified by the comparison of the gel/OCT-derived dose distributions with those from film measurements and a commercial treatment planning system (Cadplan, Varian Corporation, Palo Alto, CA) for a 6 cm x 6 cm single field of 6 MV x rays and a 3-D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) plan. The gel measurements agree with the treatment plans and the film measurements within the "3%-or-2 mm" criterion throughout the usable, artifact-free central region of the gel volume. Discrepancies among the three data sets are analyzed.
Quantitative relationship between naphthalene catabolic gene frequency and expression in predicting PAH degradation in soils at town gas manufacturing sites (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuantitative relationship between naphthalene catabolic gene frequency and expression in predicting PAH degradation in soils at town gas manufacturing sitesJames T. Fleming, John Sanseverino, and Gary S. SaylerCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1993, 27, 6, 1068–1074Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/es00043a005RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Chest pain and non-respiratory symptoms in acute asthma (2000)

The frequency and characteristics of chest pain and non-respiratory symptoms were investigated in patients admitted with acute asthma. One hundred patients with a mean admission peak flow rate of 38% normal or predicted were interviewed using a questionnaire. Chest pain occurred in 76% and was characteristically a dull ache or sharp, stabbing pain in the sternal/parasternal or subcostal areas, worsened by coughing, deep inspiration, or movement and improved by sitting upright. It was rated at or greater than 5/10 in severity by 67% of the patients. A wide variety of upper respiratory and systemic symptoms were described both before and during the attack. Non-respiratory symptoms occur commonly in the prodrome before asthma attacks and become more frequent after onset of the attack. Chest pain is usual during asthma attacks. Although it is benign and self limiting it may cause diagnostic confusion and patient distress.
Real-time dense stereo system with rectification for autonomous navigation and mapping (2009)

The overall goal of the research project reported here is to create a novel system that can combine input from multiple passive sensors at different viewpoints (such as uninhabited aerial vehicles) into a single integrated three-dimensional (3D) view of a scene. This form of intelligent data processing, known as Volume Registration, can further exploit the available information to enable improved surveillance, reconnaissance and situational awareness, and thus offers substantial potential benefit to military applications. This paper focuses on the case of multiple sensors onboard UAVs operating at mid-altitude, and describes two complementary techniques that have been investigated in parallel to address this challenge. The first of these is depth from disparity, which allows a real-time per-pixel estimation of the distance of scene objects from the camera; the second is shape from silhouette, which back-projects a segmented version of the image onto a 3D block of voxels and 'carves' a 3D model over multiple frames. The main steps of each algorithm are outlined, along with appropriate results, in order to demonstrate how they could form a useful part of a practical Volume Registration system. A number of possible extensions and improvements to the system architecture are also discussed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of these techniques, and their applicability to the more complex low-altitude case is discussed.
Homeostatic maintenance of natural <i>Foxp3</i> + CD25+ CD4+ regulatory T cells by interleukin (IL)-2 and induction of autoimmune disease by IL-2 neutralization (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-2 plays a crucial role in the maintenance of natural immunologic self-tolerance. Neutralization of circulating IL-2 by anti-IL-2 monoclonal antibody for a limited period elicits autoimmune gastritis in BALB/c mice. Similar treatment of diabetes-prone nonobese diabetic mice triggers early onset of diabetes and produces a wide spectrum of T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, including gastritis, thyroiditis, sialadenitis, and notably, severe neuropathy. Such treatment selectively reduces the number of Foxp3-expressing CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells, but not CD25(-) CD4(+) T cells, in the thymus and periphery of normal and thymectomized mice. IL-2 neutralization inhibits physiological proliferation of peripheral CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells that are presumably responding to normal self-antigens, whereas it is unable to inhibit their lymphopenia-induced homeostatic expansion in a T cell-deficient environment. In normal naive mice, CD25(low) CD4(+) nonregulatory T cells actively transcribe the IL-2 gene and secrete IL-2 protein in the physiological state. IL-2 is thus indispensable for the peripheral maintenance of natural CD25(+) CD4(+) regulatory T cells (T reg cells). The principal physiological source of IL-2 for the maintenance of T reg cells appears to be other T cells, especially CD25(low) CD4(+) activated T cells, which include self-reactive T cells. Furthermore, impairment of this negative feedback loop via IL-2 can be a cause and a predisposing factor for autoimmune disease.
New conodonts from the Woodford Formation of Oklahoma (1931)

The Woodford formation, typically exposed in the Arbuckle Mountains of Oklahoma, was for many years, thought to be unfossiliferous. The author, working at intervals over a period of several years, has collected a very extensive fauna of these tooth-like organisms, conodonts, from several localities. More than sixty species have been described and identified. Of these 37 are new, including two new genera, Hamullosodina, represented by seven species and Telumodina by two species. The previously described forms are all Mississippian (Kinderhook) in age, comparable to those found in the Chattanooga shale of Alabama and Mississippi, the Hardin sandstone of Tennessee, the Sunbury and Ohio shales of Ohio, and the Sweetland Creek shale of Iowa.
Role of nectin in organization of tight junctions in epithelial cells (2002)

These results suggest a role of the nectin-afadin system in the organization of TJs as well as AJs in epithelial cells.
Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Statistical Analysis and Nonlinear Modeling of High-Speed Interconnect Systems (2007)

In designing robust high-speed interconnect systems, the effects of parameter variations on system performance must be studied using statistical analyses. These analyses require repetitive circuit simulations to account for the randomness in parameter values caused by manufacturing and environmental changes. An accurate modeling technique is also essential for capturing the nonlinear relationships between channel parameters and performance. In this paper, the application of artificial neural networks to accurately capture the nonlinear mappings between parameters and performance to speed up the analysis of high-speed interconnect systems is described. An efficient set of data that uses a few simulations or experiments based on orthogonal arrays is proposed to train the neural network. The neural network can then serve to accurately and efficiently generate performance distributions. The usefulness and accuracy of the proposed approach is verified using an extreme data rate memory system that operates at a data rate of 3.2 Gb/s. The histograms and descriptive statistics of the eye height and timing jitter are compared with those obtained from traditional Monte Carlo, regression model, and worst case analyses
Direct measurement of the overall efficiency and annual fuel consumption of residential oil-fired boilers. Annual report, Fiscal Year 1977. Burner-boiler/furnace efficiency test project (1978)

A direct measurement procedure has provided accurate evaluation of the efficiency of residential heating units during full-load and part-load operation. Laboratory-measured efficiency data for each heating unit are translated into a more useful form as annual fuel consumption and fuel-weighted seasonal efficiency values. The changes in fuel use and seasonal efficiency are evaluated for variations in operating conditions, including: geographic location, design head load of the building, domestic hot water use, and design fuel-firing rate. The combination of direct, accurate efficiency measurement and calculation of annual fuel use provide a standard method for comparison of individual heating units and retrofit modifications on a common and realistic basis. The cost-effectiveness and payback periods of equipment modifications can be quantitatively evaluated.
An Effective Method for Extracting Capsule by Color Image Processing (2011)

In order to extract capsule defects and reduce the process time in the real-time capsule defects identification system, a novel method using color image processing has been presented. We take RGB color space as the image processing environment and build an algebra relationship among the R, G and B components to directly segment the capsule defects instead of transforming these components to HSI color space. The first step of this method is to remove the background and effectively extract the capsule from the CCD-captured image. Based on the color variation relationship between the defect regions and the surrounding ones, the capsule defects are further segmented. Experimental results show that the method can successfully extract capsules better than in HSI color space, meanwhile, it can greatly accelerate the process and finish extracting within 3.5 milliseconds in contrast with 29.3 milliseconds in HSI space. Using this method, we have effectively extracted the capsules as well as their defects. The method would be practically useful in capsule defect identification system.
INJURIES TO THE NEONATAL LARYNX FROM LONG-TERM ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE INTUBATION AND SUGGESTED TUBE MODIFICATION FOR PREVENTION (1976)

University of Rochester School of Medicine and Harvard Medical School, Rochester, New York and Boston, Massachusetts
Surface and perimeter recombination in GaAs diodes: an experimental and theoretical investigation (1991)

Surface and perimeter recombination in GaAs heteroface diodes was studied experimentally and by two-dimensional numerical simulation including Fermi-level pinning. Perimeter and bulk current components were experimentally extracted, and the numerical model was used to study the origin of perimeter current in these devices. Under moderate bias, perimeter recombination occurs primarily within the junction depletion region, but as the bias is increased the perimeter outside of the junction depletion region becomes increasingly important. A bias dependence of the perimeter current ideality factor was observed both experimentally and theoretically and attributed to the perimeter recombination of injected carriers diffusing to the perimeter from the bulk regions. Fermi-level pinning was shown to increase the effective surface-recombination velocity, but conduction along the surface channel plays little role in these devices. The results demonstrate that a simple numerical treatment of Fermi-level pinning and surface recombination can accurately account for surface and perimeter recombination in GaAs homojunction diodes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
BAP basic strong-motion accelerogram processing software version 1.0 (1992)

Programs 6-1 7.0 Plots 7-1 7.1 Plotting Programs 7-1 7.2 Screen Plots 7-2 7.3 Plotting on Computers other than PCs j 7-2 7.4 TSPLOT, Time-Series Plotting Program j 7-3 7.5 FASPLOT, Fourier Amplitude Spectrum Plotting Program 7-6 7.6 AddiHonal Plotting Functions Available only on th0 USGS VAXes 7-10 Appendixes A. Quick Reference j A-l B. Two Sample BAP Runs B.I VAX/VMS Commands B-l B-2 B.2 PC/DOS Commands B-4 B.3 Results from the First Example B-6 B.4 Results from the Second Example B-12 C. Run-Time Comparisons C-l D.