gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genetic Deletion of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Abrogates Activation of IκBα Kinase, JNK, Akt, and p44/p42 MAPK but Potentiates Apoptosis Induced by Tumor Necrosis Factor (2004)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta is a constitutively active, proline-directed serine/threonine kinase that controls growth modulation and tumorigenesis through multiple intracellular signaling pathways. How GSK-3beta regulates signaling pathways induced by cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is poorly understood. In this study, we used fibroblasts derived from GSK-3beta gene-deleted mice to understand the role of this kinase in TNF signaling. TNF induced NF-kappaB activation as measured by DNA binding in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts, but deletion of GSK-3beta abolished this activation. This inhibition was due to suppression of IkappaBalpha kinase activation and IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and degradation. TNF-induced NF-kappaB reporter gene transcription was also suppressed in GSK-3beta gene-deleted cells. NF-kappaB activation induced by lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-1beta, or cigarette smoke condensate was completely suppressed in GSK-3beta(-/-) cells. Deletion of GSK-3beta also abolished TNF-induced c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p44/p42 mitogen-activated kinase activation. Most surprisingly, TNF-induced Akt activation also required the presence of GSK-3beta. TNF induced expression of the NF-kappaB-regulated gene products cyclin D1, COX-2, MMP-9, survivin, IAP 1, IAP 2, Bcl-x(L), Bfl-1/A1, TRAF1, and FLIP in wild-type mouse embryonic fibroblasts but not in GSK-3beta(-/-) cells, and this correlated with potentiation of TNF-induced apoptosis as indicated by cell viability, annexin V staining, and caspase activation. Overall, our results indicate that GSK-3beta plays a critical role in TNF signaling and in the signaling of other inflammatory stimuli and that its suppression can be exploited as a potential target to inhibit angiogenesis, proliferation, and survival of tumor cells.
Accuracy of the parallel‐plate analogy for representation of viscous flow between coaxial cylinders (1979)

Abstract The accuracy of the parallel‐plate approximation to represent various viscous flows of non‐Newtonian fluids between coaxial cylinders is investigated. Four types of flow are considered: tangential drag flow, tangential pressure flow, and axial pressure flow. The solutions for flow between parallel plates are compared with the exact solutions, and the errors are plotted against radius ratio for a number of values of the power‐law index to provide an indication of the range of usefulness of the parallel‐plate analogy.
[Structural and functional study of prokaryotic enhancer-like element VV1 from vaccinia virus]. (2001)

Enhancer VV1 (about 283 bp) is selected as the target to analyze its structure and function systemically. Stepwise deletion experiment is used to identify the functional domain of VV1 element. The results suggest that the 20 bp at 5' terminal and 20 bp at 3' terminal are important to the activity of VV1, for without either of them its activity decreased greatly. Furthermore, the 30-50 bp at 5' terminal is essential to its activity, without which will lead to complete loss of its activity. By random mutagenesis assay it is found that base mutation can regulate the activity of enhancer VV1 positively or negatively. The more the activities of mutants descend, the more mutations take place. For singlebase mutation, the activities change relatively little, and most of the mutations always occur in the 50 bp at the 5' terminal.
Insights into the Role of Humic Acid on Pd-catalytic Electro-Fenton Transformation of Toluene in Groundwater (2015)

A recently developed Pd-based electro-Fenton (E-Fenton) process enables efficient in situ remediation of organic contaminants in groundwater. In the process, H₂O₂, Fe(II), and acidic conditions (~pH 3) are produced in situ to facilitate the decontamination, but the role of ubiquitous natural organic matters (NOM) remain unclear. This study investigated the effect of Aldrich humic acid (HA) on the transformation of toluene by the Pd-based E-Fenton process. At pH 3 with 50 mA current, the presence of HA promoted the efficiency of toluene transformation, with pseudo-first-order rate constants increase from 0.01 to 0.016 as the HA concentration increases from 0 to 20 mg/L. The HA-enhanced toluene transformation was attributed to the accelerated thermal reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), which led to production of more hydroxyl radicals. The correlation of the rate constants of toluene transformation and HA decomposition validated hydroxyl radical (·OH) as the predominant reactive species for HA decomposition. The finding of this study highlighted that application of the novel Pd-based E-Fenton process in groundwater remediation may not be concerned by the fouling from humic substances.
Hydrocolloids in Food Industry (2012)

Hydrocolloids or gums are a diverse group of long chain polymers characterized by their property of forming viscous dispersions and/or gels when dispersed in water. These materials were first found in exudates from trees or bushes, extracts from plants or seaweeds, flours from seeds or grains, gummy slimes from fermentation processes, and many other natural products. Occurrence of a large number of hydroxyl groups noticeably increases their affinity for binding water molecules rendering them hydrophilic compounds. Further, they produce a dispersion, which is intermediate between a true solution and a suspension, and exhibits the properties of a colloid. Considering these two properties, they are appropriately termed as 'hydrophilic colloids' or 'hydrocolloids'. Hydrocolloids have a wide array of functional properties in foods including; thickening, gelling, emulsifying, stabilization, coating and etc. Hydrocolloids have a profound impact on food properties when used at levels ranging from a few parts per million for carrageenan in heat-treated dairy products to high levels of acacia gum, starch or gelatin in jelly confectionery. The primary reason behind the ample use of hydrocolloids in foods is their ability to modify the rheology of food systems. This includes two basic properties of food systems that is, flow behavior (viscosity) and mechanical solid property (texture). The modification of texture and/or viscosity of food systems helps modify its sensory properties, therefore hydrocolloids are used as significant food additives to perform specific purposes. It is evident that several hydrocolloids belong to the category of permitted food additive in many countries throughout the world. Various food formulations such as soups, gravies, salad dressings, sauces and toppings use hydrocolloids as additives to achieve the preferred viscosity and mouth feel. They are also used in many food products like icecreams, jams, jellies, gelled desserts, cakes and candies, to create the desired texture. In addition to the functional attributes, future acceptance and, possibly, positive endorsement may derive from the recognition that fibers contribute many physiological benefits to the natural function and well-being of the body. The aim of this chapter of the book is to highlight the importance of the hydrocolloids in food industry.
Ruthenium trichloride-catalysed hypochlorite oxidation of organic compounds (1970)

S. Wolfe, S. K. Hasan and J. R. Campbell, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 1420 DOI: 10.1039/C29700001420
Pixel Oriented Visualization in XmdvTool (2004)

Many approaches to the visualization of multivariate data have been proposed to date. Pixel oriented techniques map each attribute value of the data to a single colored pixel, theoretically yielding the display of the maximum possible information at a time. A large number of pixel layout methods have been proposed, each of which enables users to perform their visual exploration tasks to varying degrees. Pixel oriented techniques typically maintain the global view of large amounts of data while still preserving the perception of small regions of interest, which makes them particularly interesting for visualizing very large multidimensional data sets. Pixel based methods also provide feedback on the given query by presenting not only the data items fulfilling the query but also the data that approximately fulfill the query. The goal of this thesis was to extend XmdvTool, a public domain multivariate data visualization package, to incorporate pixel based techniques and to explore their strengths and weaknesses. The main challenge here was to seamlessly apply the interaction and distortion techniques used in other visualization methods within
Mannanase Components from <i>Bacillus pumilus</i> (1990)

beta-d-Mannanase from Bacillus pumilus was purified into two components, A and B, which exhibited homogeneity on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These components had molecular weights of 55,000 (A) and 37,000 (B); carbohydrate contents of 15.3% (A) and 7.2% (B); specific activities of 78 (A) and 1,616 (B) U/mg; pH optima of 5.5 to 6.9 (A) and 6.0 (B); and half-lives of 60 (A) and 21 (B) min at 70 degrees C.
The use of capillary electrophoresis for point-mutation screening (1997)

Advances in capillary electrophoresis technology over the past three years have been rapid. Capillary electrophoresis offers high-throughput, high-resolution, automatic operation and on-line detection with automatic data acquisition, and this has stimulated its application to the analysis of DNA mutations. Many different PCR-based DNA-mutation assays have been developed for unknown and known mutations. This article compares conventional PCR-based mutation-detection assays with the methods developed for use with capillary electrophoresis. Future trends for mutation detection using capillary electrophoresis are also assessed, with a special emphasis on totally integrated, microchip capillary-electrophoresis-based mutation-detection systems.
Changes in body composition and morphology of young‐of‐the‐year gulf menhaden, <i>Brevoortia patronus</i> Goode, in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana (1986)

Body composition (lipid, water, protein, energy content) and metamorphosis of young‐of‐the‐year gulf menhaden, Brevoortia patronus Goode, were examined over a yearly cycle in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana. Metamorphosis from larvae to juveniles, as indicated by the body depth to length ratio, was completed by 30 mm S.L. Analysis of the length/weight relationship indicated separate equations for larvae/postlarvae (< 30 mm S.L.) and juvenile/subadults (30–100 mm S.L.). Major body composition changes from larvae to subadult included an increase in lipid content, a corresponding increase in energy content, and a decrease in nitrogen content. Young‐of‐the‐year gulf menhaden did not exhibit the seasonal pattern of condition factors typical of adult clupeids. There may be a shift in energy allocation away from protein growth to lipid storage associated with attainment of a larger size. Initiation of emigration may be related to lipid storage and temperature change, with higher lipid content fish migrating first. End‐of‐year variations in fish size and lipid storage may be related to environmental conditions, such as water temperature and salinity.
Roll-to-Roll Processable PEO-LC Block Copolymer Template Films with Normally Oriented Nanocylinder Array Structures (2007)

This paper reports the first demonstration of roll-to-roll coating of a series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-liquid crystalline (LC) block copolymers by using microgravure coating. Highly ordered hexagonal dot structure was revealed on the whole surface of the coated surface by AFM imaging. Cross sectional TEM observation of the microtomed specimen of the film exclusively exhibited normally oriented PEO nanocylinder array structure, consistent with those prepared in a conventional laboratory procedure by spin-coating, bar coating, and cast.
Potential of two delivery systems for nisin topical application to dental plaque biofilms in dogs (2018)

The inhibitory ability of nisin when incorporated in the two delivery systems was maintained or increased, demonstrating the potential of these supplemented vehicles to be applied to PD control in dogs.
Expression of <i>Xa1</i> , a bacterial blight-resistance gene in rice, is induced by bacterial inoculation (1998)

The Xa1 gene in rice confers resistance to Japanese race 1 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, the causal pathogen of bacterial blight (BB). We isolated the Xa1 gene by a map-based cloning strategy. The deduced amino acid sequence of the Xa1 gene product contains nucleotide binding sites (NBS) and a new type of leucine-rich repeats (LRR); thus, Xa1 is a member of the NBS-LRR class of plant disease-resistance genes, but quite different from Xa21, another BB-resistance gene isolated from rice. Interestingly, Xa1 gene expression was induced on inoculation with a bacterial pathogen and wound, unlike other isolated resistance genes in plants, which show constitutive expression. The induced expression may be involved in enhancement of resistance against the pathogen.
A Gating Charge Transfer Center in Voltage Sensors (2010)

Voltage sensors regulate the conformations of voltage-dependent ion channels and enzymes. Their nearly switchlike response as a function of membrane voltage comes from the movement of positively charged amino acids, arginine or lysine, across the membrane field. We used mutations with natural and unnatural amino acids, electrophysiological recordings, and x-ray crystallography to identify a charge transfer center in voltage sensors that facilitates this movement. This center consists of a rigid cyclic "cap" and two negatively charged amino acids to interact with a positive charge. Specific mutations induce a preference for lysine relative to arginine. By placing lysine at specific locations, the voltage sensor can be stabilized in different conformations, which enables a dissection of voltage sensor movements and their relation to ion channel opening.
Design and implementation of information interchange system within enterprise staff based on web (2005)

With the development of nowadays enterprise,the corporate culture has become a kind of essential component.Following the popularization of the network and accepted by the broad masses day by day,a kind of trend of exchange is on the net.In order to meet this kind of demand,a special enterprise staff's platform inside information interchange with ASP.It is feasible to verify by practice and the popularization and development of the corporate and the corporate culture are promoted at the same time.
Distributed computation of wave propagation models using PVM (1993)

P Vh4 is an inexpensive, but extremely effective tool which allows a researcher to use workstations as nodes in a parallel processing environment to perform largescale computations. The numerical approximation and visualization of seismic waves propagating in the earth strains today's largest supercomputers. We present timings and visualization for large earth models run on a ring of IBM RS/6000's which illustrate P VM'S capability of handling large-scale problems. 1 Introduction Specialized computer architectures provide a way for simulating large-scale problems. Although supercomputers with shared memory architectures such as Cray and Convex, MIMD distributed memory architectures as implemented by Intel and NCube, SIMD distributed memory architectures exemplified by Maspar and Thinking machines, and emerging architectures such as the Kendall Square ring, can attack most of today's large-scale computing problems, these computational resources are usually inaccessible to the average researcher. The Parallel Virtual Machine (PVM) tool was developed in a joint effort at Emory University, the University of Tennessee, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory [2, 9, 22] to implement networked UNIX-based workstations into a distributed computational environment. We will show that PVM can effectively compete with traditional supercomputers. Any researcher with accounts on UNIX-based workstations can corral unused CPU cycles to solve large-scale problems.
Photostrictive Characteristics of Fine-Grained PLZT Ceramics Derived from Mechanically Alloyed Powder (2003)

Lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) ceramics possess photostrictive effect that is applicable to photo-driven and wireless actuators. The photo-induced strain is expressed in a product of piezoelectric constant and anomalous photovoltage, and it is theoretically explained that grain size reduction enhances photovoltage. Finegrained PLZT ceramics that have mean grain sizes of 2.0-0.2μm were prepared through the mechanical alloying (MA) synthesis and normal or hot-press sintering process. Their piezoelectric constant, dielectric constant and electric resistivity up to a grain size of 0.5μm were not dependent on grain size and agreed with the conventional one. The photovoltage significantly increased with a decrease in grain size. These results suggested that a lowering of grain size by MA leads to a remarkable improvement of the photo-induced strain value without a decline in strain response. However, the photo-induced strain value within grain size less than 0.5μm extremely declined due to a little remnant polarization. The photo-induced strain with illumination of 15mWcm-2 intense was maximally estimated to be 1×10-4.
Neurotrophins and asthma (2001)

The neurotrophins are a family of peptides that promote survival, growth, and differentiation of neurons. Neurotrophins may also influence the function of nonneuronal cell types, including immune cells. The development and maintenance of asthma is thought to involve the nervous system and the immune system, but the role that neurotrophins play in asthma is unknown. The cellular sources of the neurotrophins include mast cells, lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and eosinophils. The activation of neurotrophin receptors in immune cells and neurons involves ligand-induced homodimerization, which leads to activation of intrinsic Trk receptor kinase. The exact consequences of activating these receptors on immune cells is unknown, but rather than having unique actions on immune cells, the neurotrophins appear to act in concert with known immune regulating factors to modulate the maturation, accumulation, proliferation, and activation of immune cells. Neurotrophins can modulate afferent nerve function by stimulating the production of neuropeptides within airway afferent neurons. These neuropeptides may be released from the central terminals of airway afferent neurons, which leads to heightened autonomic reflex activity, and increased reactivity in the airways.
Luminescent quantum clusters of gold in transferrin family protein, lactoferrin exhibiting FRET (2010)

We report the synthesis of highly luminescent, water soluble quantum clusters (QCs) of gold, which are stabilized by an iron binding transferrin family protein, lactoferrin (Lf). The synthesized AuQC@Lf clusters were characterized using UV-Visible spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), photoluminescence (PL), matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS), FTIR spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy along with picosecond-resolved lifetime measurements. Detailed investigations with FTIR and CD spectroscopy have revealed changes in the secondary structure of the protein in the cluster. We have also studied Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) occurring between the protein and the cluster. The ability of the clusters to sense cupric ions selectively at ppm concentrations was tested. The stability of clusters in widely varying pH conditions and their continued luminescence make it feasible for them to be used for intracellular imaging and molecular delivery, particularly in view of Lf protection.
Incorporating Facebook and Twitter in a Service-Learning Project in a Business Communication Course (2012)

Implementing real-world business writing situations and service learning into business communication courses are not new concepts. Business communication students work through a service-learning project with nonprofit organizations to create communication documents to improve the nonprofit’s communication with the public. Writing for social networking sites is also included in the project. Students are asked to create a Facebook slogan for the nonprofit as well as various other Facebook announcements. Students also write tweets to encourage people to donate and to promote various activities. These activities help students write more concisely and think critically about the key elements of writing and of the nonprofit’s mission.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed<i>N</i>-Alkylation of Amines and Sulfonamides Using Borrowing Hydrogen Methodology (2009)

The alkylation of amines by alcohols has been achieved using 0.5 mol % [Ru(p-cymene)Cl(2)](2) with the bidentate phosphines dppf or DPEphos as the catalyst. Primary amines have been converted into secondary amines, and secondary amines into tertiary amines, including the syntheses of Piribedil, Tripelennamine, and Chlorpheniramine. N-Heterocyclization reactions of primary amines are reported, as well as alkylation reactions of primary sulfonamides. Secondary alcohols require more forcing conditions than primary alcohols but are still effective alkylating agents in the presence of this catalyst.
Quantum optical cryptography (2003)

Quantum cryptography could be the first application of quantum mechanics at the individual quanta level. Results using a commercial prototype over 67 km of telecom cables will be presented. The dialog between fundamental and applied issues will be illustrated by the related demonstrations of quantum nonlocality and of quantum teleportation.
IL-6 Secretion by Human Pancreatic Periacinar Myofibroblasts in Response to Inflammatory Mediators (2002)

There is increasing evidence that IL-6 plays an important role in the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis via its broad proinflammatory actions. To identify the local biosynthetic site for IL-6 in human pancreas, we investigated IL-6 secretion in human pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts. IL-6 secretion was determined by ELISA and Northern blotting. The activation of NF-kappaB was assessed by EMSA. The activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was assessed by immunoblotting. IL-6 secretion was rapidly induced by IL-17, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha. EMSAs demonstrated that IL-17, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha induced NF-kappaB activation within 1.5 h after stimulation, and a blockade of NF-kappaB activation by the pyrrolidine derivative of dithiocarbamate and tosyl-phe-chloromethylketone markedly reduced the IL-17-, IL-1beta-, or TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 gene expression. Furthermore, IL-17, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha induced a rapid activation of extracellular signal-related kinase p42/44 and p38 MAPKs, and specific MAPK inhibitors (SB203580, PD98059, and U0216) significantly reduced IL-17-, IL-1beta-, or TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 secretion, indicating the role of MAPKs in the induction of IL-6. The combination of either IL-17 plus IL-1beta or IL-17 plus TNF-alpha enhanced IL-6 secretion and IL-6 mRNA expression; in particular, the effects of IL-17 plus TNF-alpha were much stronger than those induced by IL-17 plus IL-1beta. TNF-alpha-induced IL-6 mRNA degraded rapidly at any concentrations, and the combination of IL-17 and TNF-alpha markedly enhanced IL-6 mRNA stability. This indicates that the effects of IL-17 plus TNF-alpha were regulated at the post-transcriptional level. In conclusion, pancreatic periacinar myofibroblasts secreted a large amount of IL-6 in response to proinflammatory cytokines. These cells might play an important role in the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis via IL-6 secretion.