gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated geographic atrophy segmentation for SD-OCT images using region-based C-V model via local similarity factor (2016)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness among elderly individuals. Geographic atrophy (GA) is a phenotypic manifestation of the advanced stages of non-exudative AMD. Determination of GA extent in SD-OCT scans allows the quantification of GA-related features, such as radius or area, which could be of important value to monitor AMD progression and possibly identify regions of future GA involvement. The purpose of this work is to develop an automated algorithm to segment GA regions in SD-OCT images. An en face GA fundus image is generated by averaging the axial intensity within an automatically detected sub-volume of the three dimensional SD-OCT data, where an initial coarse GA region is estimated by an iterative threshold segmentation method and an intensity profile set, and subsequently refined by a region-based Chan-Vese model with a local similarity factor. Two image data sets, consisting on 55 SD-OCT scans from twelve eyes in eight patients with GA and 56 SD-OCT scans from 56 eyes in 56 patients with GA, respectively, were utilized to quantitatively evaluate the automated segmentation algorithm. We compared results obtained by the proposed algorithm, manual segmentation by graders, a previously proposed method, and experimental commercial software. When compared to a manually determined gold standard, our algorithm presented a mean overlap ratio (OR) of 81.86% and 70% for the first and second data sets, respectively, while the previously proposed method OR was 72.60% and 65.88% for the first and second data sets, respectively, and the experimental commercial software OR was 62.40% for the second data set.
Audiology: The Fundamentals (1990)

Designed for students in audiology, speech-language pathology and special education, this introductory level text begins with an emphasis on the fundamentals and then guides students to more complex topics. The logical sequential organization parallels curricula of most audiology courses to facilitate the learning process. Designed to accent contemporary perspectives, the Third Edition is fully updated with revised content, new references and suggested readings, up-to-date images, added vignettes in many chapters, and a companion Website.
Photo‐induced formation of radical anion peptides. Electron photodetachment dissociation experiments (2006)

International audience
Residues unique to the pro‐hormone convertase PC2 modulate its autoactivation, binding to 7B2 and enzymatic activity (1998)

The prohormone convertase PC2 is one of the major subtilisin/kexin-like enzymes responsible for the formation of small bioactive peptides in neural and endocrine cells. This convertase is unique among the members of the subtilisin/kexin-like mammalian serine proteinase family in that it undergoes zymogen processing of its inactive precursor proPC2 late along the secretory pathway and requires the help of a PC2-specific binding protein known as 7B2. We hypothesized that some of these unique properties of PC2 are dictated by the presence of PC2-specific amino acids, which in the six other known mammalian convertases are otherwise conserved but distinct. Accordingly, six sites were identified within the catalytic segment of PC2. Herein we report on the site-directed mutagenesis of Tyr194 and of the oxyanion hole Asp309 and the consequences of such mutations on the cellular expression and enzyme activity of PC2. The data show that the Y194D mutation markedly increases the ex vivo ability of PC2 to process proopiomelanocortin (POMC) into beta-endorphin in cells devoid of 7B2, e.g. BSC40 cells. In these cells, expression of native PC2 does not result in the secretion of measurable in vitro activity against a pentapeptide fluorogenic substrate. In contrast, secreted Y194D-PC2 exhibited significant enzymatic activity, even in the absence of 7B2. Based on co-immunoprecipitations and Western blots, binding assays indicate that Tyr194 participates in the interaction of PC2 with 7B2, and that the oxyanion hole Asp309 is critical for the binding of proPC2 with pro7B2.
Active-Phase Labor Arrest (1999)

In Brief Objective To assess a labor-management protocol that mandated at least 4 hours of oxytocin augmentation before cesarean delivery for active-phase labor arrest. Methods We prospectively evaluated term gravidas in spontaneous labor with active-phase labor arrest (cervix at least 4 cm dilated and 1 cm or less of cervical progress in 2 hours). Exclusion criteria included nonvertex presentation, previous cesarean, multiple gestation, and a nonreassuring fetal heart rate tracing or chorioamnionitis at the time of labor arrest. After the diagnosis of active-phase arrest, oxytocin was initiated with an intent to achieve a sustained uterine contraction pattern of greater than 200 Montevideo units. Cesarean delivery was not performed for labor arrest until at least 4 hours of a sustained uterine contraction pattern of greater than 200 Montevideo units, or a minimum of 6 hours of oxytocin augmentation if this contraction pattern could not be achieved. Results Five hundred forty-two women were managed by the protocol, and 92% delivered vaginally. The subsequent vaginal delivery rate for parous women who had not progressed (1 cm of cervical dilation or less) despite 2 hours of oxytocin augmentation was 91%, and it was 74% for nulliparas. With no labor progress after 4 hours of oxytocin augmentation, the subsequent vaginal delivery rates were 88% for parous women and 56% for nulliparas. There were no severe maternal complications. One neonate had persistent fetal circulation and one had a positive blood culture, but both did well. Conclusion Extending the minimum period of oxytocin augmentation for active-phase labor arrest from 2 to at least 4 hours was effective and safe. Most women with arrest in the active phase of labor and no progress after 2 hours of oxytocin augmentation will deliver vaginally if oxytocin is continued for at least 2 more hours.
Simple Electrooptical Sensors for Inorganic Anions (2005)

[reaction: see text] Electrooptical sensors consisting of a conjugated chromophore undergoing a change in color and a redox-active moiety such as quinone fused to the chromophore were synthesized. Strong changes in colorimetric and electrochemical properties were observed in the presence of inorganic anions. A unique anion-specific response was observed for fluoride, pyrophosphate, and acetate. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G) calculations performed for both "on/off" states of a sensor-fluoride model are in good agreement with the observed electrochemical and spectroscopic data.
Incorporation of 2(<i>S</i>)‐methylbutanoic acid‐1‐<sup>14</sup>C into the structure of mevinolin (1982)

Abstract A route to mevinolin () bearing (S)‐2‐methylbutanoic acid ‐1‐ 14 C as the ester side chain has been developed. The structure of mevinolin () was degraded and selectively protected to provide the alcohol in three steps. Incorporation of 14 C was accomplished by acylation of alcohol with (R,S)‐2‐methylbutyryl chloride‐1‐ 14 C. Cleavage of the silyl ether protecting group in the resulting mixture of esters provided the two diastereoisomers and which were separated by reverse‐phase liquid chromatography. Mevinolin ‐ 14 C () was also converted to the ammonium salt of the corresponding dihydroxy acid.
A method for rapidly mass laser‐marking individually coded ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in the field (2005)

Abstract. 1. A laser‐marking technique is described that may be used to rapidly mass‐mark and individually code insects in the field. In this study, ground beetles were marked but the method is applicable to a wide range of organisms with a hard exoskeleton or shell. 2. In a field‐scale capture–recapture study conducted in winter wheat, 8266 beetles were coded. Individuals marked in the first week of the trial and recaptured 2 months later retained their codes, which were therefore considered permanent. 3. Assemblages were dominated numerically by Pterostichus cupreus , which formed more than 98% of the total captures. Of the 8046 released P. cupreus , 2269 were recaptured. As an illustration of the use of these data, the POPAN parameterisation of the Jolly–Seber model was used to estimate a whole‐field population of 17 237 individuals, equating to a density of 0.46 beetles m −2 .
Navigating to real life objects in indoor environments using an Augmented Reality headset (2017)

Augmented Reality (AR) headmounts are an rising technology with great chances to be a common gadget used by a lot of people in the near future. With the rise of this technology, new possibilities opens up on how to combine the interaction of the real world together with the virtual world. This thesis meets some of these upcoming interaction questions in terms of indoor navigation. The thesis introduces an approach for designing and implementing an AR-based system that is able to let users navigate around an indoor environment to find various real life objects while using an Augmented Reality headmount. The thesis also discusses how to personalize the navigation to different users in different environments. A proof-of concept was implemented and evaluated with several users inside different indoor environments, e.g., a real food store, where the results showed that users were more effective finding objects while using the AR-based system, compared to when not using the AR-basedsystem.
Study of precorneal tear film thickness and structure by interferometry and confocal microscopy. (1992)

Past measurements of precorneal tear film thickness in rabbits and humans gave values of 4-7 microns. These have been the accepted values. However, measurements presented in this report are much higher. Earlier techniques may have changed film thickness or not have fully included the layer containing mucus. Little is known about the mucus component. Thickness was measured in freshly killed animals of 10 species using two independent optical techniques. Coherent light was reflected from eyes and thickness was determined from spacing of interference fringes. Clear images of tissue structure were obtained with confocal microscopy, the tear film was visually identified, and thickness measured. Measurements by the two methods were closely correlated in each animal. No film was detected in trout or carp. In other species, thickness ranged from 9 microns in frogs to 15 microns in gerbils. Values are significantly larger than earlier estimates. Film thickness in three living rabbits was not significantly different from that measured shortly after death. There was no variation in thickness at five positions across the cornea in three species. Mucus content of rat tear film was examined by measuring thinning after application of 4, 8, and 20% (weight/volume) acetylcysteine, a mucolytic agent. Thickness was considerably reduced compared to controls, and the film almost completely removed by the highest concentration. The authors propose that the film is largely composed of mucus, not free aqueous solution. Our methods include such layers, and measurements are correspondingly larger than earlier ones.
Robust and Scalable Graph-Based Semisupervised Learning (2012)

Graph-based semisupervised learning (GSSL) provides a promising paradigm for modeling the manifold structures that may exist in massive data sources in high-dimensional spaces. It has been shown effective in propagating a limited amount of initial labels to a large amount of unlabeled data, matching the needs of many emerging applications such as image annotation and information retrieval. In this paper, we provide reviews of several classical GSSL methods and a few promising methods in handling challenging issues often encountered in web-scale applications. First, to successfully incorporate the contaminated noisy labels associated with web data, label diagnosis and tuning techniques applied to GSSL are surveyed. Second, to support scalability to the gigantic scale (millions or billions of samples), recent solutions based on anchor graphs are reviewed. To help researchers pursue new ideas in this area, we also summarize a few popular data sets and software tools publicly available. Important open issues are discussed at the end to stimulate future research.
Molecular mechanism for familial protein C deficiency and thrombosis in protein CVermont (Glu20–>Ala and Val34–>Met). (1994)

The role of two protein C gamma-carboxyglutamic acid domain mutations in familial thrombosis, protein CVermont (Bovill, E. G., Tomczak, J. A., Grant, B., Bhushan, F., Pillemer, E., Rainville, I.R., and Long, G. L. (1992) Blood 79, 1456-1465), was investigated. Two single mutations (Glu20-->Ala and Val34-->Met) and the naturally occurring double mutation were created by site-directed mutagenesis and were expressed in human kidney 293 cells. Purified recombinant protein C with the mutation glutamate to alanine at position 20 is defective in the assays of activated partial thromboplastin time, factor Va inactivation, and fibrinolysis. Mutation from valine to methionine at position 34 has only a minor effect. Activation of Glu20 mutants by thrombin-thrombomodulin was not enhanced by phospholipid vesicles and showed a different calcium dependence compared with the wild type, suggesting that Gla20 is important in the interaction of the protein C Gla domain with a phospholipid-mediated site on the thrombomodulin molecule. Glu20-substituted protein C is not inhibited by calcium ion in its interaction with the calcium-dependent monoclonal antibody H-11, suggesting that this mutation has lost the calcium-induced, lipid-independent conformational transition of the protein C Gla domain. These data indicate that the loss of Gla20 causes the major familial dysfunction of protein C to associate with phospholipid as well as to undergo Ca(2+)-dependent, lipid-independent conformational changes and are consistent with the importance of Gla20 in both external and internal Ca2+ binding based upon the x-ray-derived structure of the homologous Gla domain in bovine prothrombin.
CURRENT HOPS SITUATION IN ROMÃ‚NIA (2013)

We mention that the help is needed from national forums to implement the chance toachieve the surface through new plantation.Regarding the national Investment program for the period 2009-2014 is highlighted theachievement of surfaces of 590 ha in the year 2014.
Molecular defect in factor IX Tokyo: Substitution of valine-182 by alanine at position P2' in the second cleavage site by factor XIa resulting in impaired activation (1993)

Utilizing polymerase chain reaction and directly sequencing the amplified exon 6 of the factor IX gene derived from a mild hemophilia Bm patient, we have identified a T to C mutation at nucleotide 20,525. This point mutation predicted a Val182 to Ala substitution in the abnormal factor IX molecule, designated as factor IX Tokyo. The patient manifested a low factor IX activity and a moderately prolonged ox-brain prothrombin time but a normal factor IX antigen level in plasma. Immunopurified factor IX derived from the patient was found to have a normal molecular weight but a reduced specific activity (23% of normal). Limited proteolysis by activated factor XI or by a snake venom-derived factor X-activating enzyme was considerably delayed, indicating the presence of structural alteration(s) most probably at or near the second enzyme-cleavage site. Once activated, however, factor IXa Tokyo was able to activate factor X normally and was inactivated by antithrombin III also in a normal fashion. The structural model of factor IXa and a docking model of factor IX and activated factor VII (factor VIIa) suggested that the Val182 to Ala substitution would not affect the local conformation of the catalytic domain. This mutation would rather loosen the fitness of the molecule into the substrate-binding pocket of factor VIIa due to a shorter side chain of the Ala substitution at the P2' position of the second cleavage site.
In vivo gene delivery of HSP70i by adenovirus and adeno-associated virus preserves contractile function in mouse heart following ischemia-reperfusion (2006)

Inducible heat shock protein 70 (HSP70i) has been shown to exert a protective effect in hearts subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Although studied in heat-shocked animals and in transgenic mice that constitutively overexpress the protein, the therapeutic application of the protein in the form of a viral vector-mediated HSP70i expression has not been widely examined. Accordingly, we have examined the effects of HSP70i delivered in vivo to the left ventricular free wall of the heart via viral gene therapy in mice. The affect of virally mediated HSP70i expression in preserving cardiac function following ischemia-reperfusion was examined after short-term expression (5-day adenovirus mediated) and long-term expression (8-mo adeno-associated virus mediated) in mice by subjecting ex vivo Langendorff perfused hearts to a regime of ischemia-reperfusion. Both vectors were capable of increasing HSP70i expression in the heart, and neither vector had any effect on cardiac function during aerobic (preischemic) perfusion when compared with corresponding controls. In contrast, both adenovirus-mediated and adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of HSP70i improved the contractile recovery of the heart after 120 min of reperfusion following ischemia. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using both short- and long-term expression of virally mediated HSP70i as a therapeutic intervention against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Assessment of the elastic properties of heterogeneous tissues using transient elastography: Application to the liver (2008)

Fibroscan <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> (Echosens, Paris, France) is a parametric transient elastography based device used to quantify liver fibrosis by following the propagation of a low frequency shear wave and measuring the mean Young's modulus of the liver. This device has been successfully applied to homogeneous tissues such as liver in patients with chronic hepatic diseases. Current developments in transient elastography target the characterization of heterogeneous tissues. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential of parametric transient elastography in the characterization of heterogeneous tissues such as liver with heterogeneous fibrosis or tumors. The estimation of the shear wave velocity can be achieved by solving the elastic wave equation taking into account either the 1D, the 2D or the 3D components of the displacement spatial derivatives. Two methods are investigated: A 1D direct local inversion is performed on data acquired with a standard Fibroscan <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> probe composed of a 3.5 MHz transducer mounted on a low frequency vibrator and a 3D direct local inversion is achieved on data acquired using a new dedicated multi-elements probe connected to an ultra-fast ultrasonic device. The algorithms are validated on simulations and on heterogeneous phantoms and tested on data acquired in the liver in vivo.
Study of human T and B lymphocytes with heterologous antisera. I Preparation, specificity and properties of antisera. (1976)

Heterologous antisera have been raised in the horse and rabbit against human lymphocytes. Appropriate absorptions on either B or T cells were performed to make antisera specific for human T (anti-HTLA) or B (serum 789) lymphocytes respectively. In addition serum 789 was found to react with circulating monocytes. The percentages of T and B cells detected by anti-HTLA and 789 sera in the different lymphoid organs averaged respectively: 78-7 per cent and 14-7 per cent in peripheral blood, 91-4 per cent and 4-0 per cent in thymus, 73-0 per cent and 14-5 per cent in lymph nodes, 53-6 per cent and 30-0 per cent in spleen, 47-1 per cent and 47-6 per cent in tonsils and 17-5 per cent and 13-5 per cent in bone marrow. Anti-HTLA serum appeared to supress E-rosette formation but did not affect binding of C3-coated erythrocytes. Serum 789 did not prevent E-rosette formation and reduced the number of EAC rosettes by 50 per cent. Anti-HTLA serum was found able to suti-lymphocyte serum, and PWM in the presence of complement; it was found highly mitogenic by itself. Serum 789 decreased the proliferative response to phytomitogens in about the proportion of cells killed by the antiserum. These results indicate that the presence of T cells is necessary for the mitogen-induced proliferation to occur, and that B lymphocytes are induced to proliferate in the presence of T cells and phytomitogens. Anti-HTLA serum was found not to inhibit K-cell activity of lymphocytes against antibody-coated chicken erythrocytes. These antisera appear very useful tools for the study of the role of human B and T lymphocytes involved in in vitro immune reactions.
Light-induced reactions of heteroaryl N-methylanilinomethyl ketones: formation of 3-heteroaryl-1-phenylazetidin-3-ols (1980)

A series of heteroaryl N-methylanilinomethyl ketones, PhNMe·CH2COR (R = heteroaryl), were irradiated with ether as the solvent. The corresponding 3-heteroaryl-1-phenylazetidin-3-ols (type II cyclisation products) were formed when R was 2-furyl, benzo[b]furan-2-yl, 2-thienyl, 1-methylpyrrol-2-yl, and 2,4-dimethylthiazol-5-yl, but such products were not isolated when R was pyrrol-2-yl or 3-pyridyl. In some cases, products formed via type II fission were obtained.
C3a Enhances the Formation of Intestinal Organoids through C3aR1 (2017)

C3a is important in the regulation of the immune response as well as in the development of organ inflammation and injury. Furthermore, C3a contributes to liver regeneration but its role in intestinal stem cell function has not been studied. We hypothesized that C3a is important for intestinal repair and regeneration. Intestinal organoid formation, a measure of stem cell capacity, was significantly limited in C3-deficient and C3a receptor (C3aR) 1-deficient mice while C3a promoted the growth of organoids from normal mice by supporting Wnt-signaling but not from C3aR1-deficient mice. Similarly, the presence of C3a in media enhanced the expression of the intestinal stem cell marker leucine-rich repeat G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (Lgr5) and of the cell proliferation marker Ki67 in organoids formed from C3-deficient but not from C3aR1-deficient mice. Using <i>Lgr5.egfp</i> mice we showed significant expression of C3 in Lgr5<sup>+</sup> intestinal stem cells whereas C3aR1 was expressed on the surface of various intestinal cells. C3 and C3aR1 expression was induced in intestinal crypts in response to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Finally, C3aR1-deficient mice displayed ischemia/reperfusion injury comparable to control mice. These data suggest that C3a through interaction with C3aR1 enhances stem cell expansion and organoid formation and as such may have a role in intestinal regeneration.
Can Chemical Traps Manage Teak Defoliator Outbreaks? Indications From Teak Leaf Chemistry (2012)

Scientist E1 Kerala forest research institute Peechi, 680 653 , Thrissur ABSTRACT Teak defoliator (Hyblaea puera Cramer) outbreak happens in teak (Tectona grandis) plantations with ten- der foliage. Present study identified biochemical and volatile profile of teak tender leaves as opposed to mature leaf in different seasons, so as to identify the cues detected by the female moth to identify tender teak leaves. In biochemical analysis, there was no significant difference in oil, ash, total sugar, reducing sugars and non reducing sugars. Six volatiles compounds were present in the tender foliage; while only two were found in the mature teak leaves. Tender teak leaves analyzed during pre-outbreak, outbreak and post outbreak showed the presence of six, six and one volatile respectively. Through this study it is understood that host plant recognition in Teak defoliator is mediated by the cocktail of volatile compounds. Development of the right combination of the volatiles and behavioral testing using it would open new avenues in controlling incipient outbreak.