gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MODULATION OF THE ALPHA 1 AND 2 DOMAIN SEQUENCE OF THE HLA-E GENE UP-REGULATES ITS EXPRESSION AND FUNCTION (2004)

O401 Aims: After hyperacute rejection is prevented by the genetic manipulation of the graft, such as transgenic of the DAF (CD55) gene and knocking out the a1,3galactosyltransferase, the xenograft becomes susceptible to another type of rejection, that is, the delayed-type rejection mediated by monocytes, macrophages and NK cells, represents a current problem in this area. We recently showed that the stable transfectant of HLA-G1, and HLA-E, inhibited cytolysis, mediated by an NK cell line, YT. Compared with HLA-G1, HLA-E is expressed with difficulty on the cell. The exchange of the signal peptide of HLA-E with those of other HLA (HLA-Ev) contributes to the up-regulation of its expression. However, HLA-Ev expression is still not sufficient. In this study, we report on the effects of modified HLA-E on the expression in xenogeneic cells and NK-mediated cytolysis. Methods: The a1-a3 domain and TM region of HLA-E were first exchanged for those of HLA-G1. The individual amino acid sequences of the a1 and a2 domain of the HLA -E genes were next changed for those of HLA-G1. cDNAs of the newly constructed genes of HLA-E and b2-microglobulin (hb2m) were transfected into Chinese hamster ovarian tumor (CHO) cells and pig endothelial cells (PEC). The cell surface expression of the modified genes was evaluated by flow cytometry, and NK cell-mediated cytolysis by YT cell was also assessed. Results: The transfectant with the hb2m and some modified HLA-E genes showed clear expressions in both CHO cells and PEC, and had clear inhibitory effects on NK cell-mediated PEC lysisFigureConclusions: The expression of an HLA-E molecule with modified amino acid sequences has the potential for use in preventing the delayed type rejection, as mediated by human NK cells.
Lubricant thickness modulation induced by head-disk dynamic interactions (2002)

The behavior of a thin lubricant film under a flying head has been studied by examining the lubricant redistribution on the disk after flying, using an HDI-SRA instrument. Lubricant depletion tracks were observed on the disk surfaces and, more interestingly, the lubricant film was found to exhibit a periodic thickness modulation in the downtrack direction. The wavelength of the lubricant thickness modulation is found to increase linearly with the disk linear velocity, and depends weakly on the lube type and lube bonding ratio. The amplitude of the modulation grows slowly with flying time. Both negative-pressure air bearing pico sliders and catamaran-style positive-pressure nano sliders generate similar patterns on lubricant films. The frequency of the thickness modulation is in the range of 40-50 kHz, and is attributed to interactions of the disk lubricant with the slider roll mode. In addition, for highly-bonded lubricant films, a much finer lubricant modulation pattern can be seen with a frequency of 196 kHz, which is very close to the frequency of the pitch mode of the slider. These results indicate that the lubricant thickness modulations on-the disk are generated by slider-disk dynamic interactions, and are due to slider body motions.
Practical Application of New Forage Quality Tests (2003)

Introduction Routine evaluation of forage quality by the grower, crop consultant, feeder, or nutritionist has generally been related to the fiber content of the forage measured in a commercial forage testing laboratory and the energy content of the forage predicted from its fiber content. Indexes of forage quality, relative feed value (RFV; Rohweder et al., 1978) and milk per ton of forage dry matter (Undersander et al.; 1993), were based on energy content of the forage predicted from acid detergent fiber (ADF) content and dry matter (DM) intake potential of the forage predicted from neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. The RFV index has evolved to the point where it is commonly available on commercial forage test reports, used routinely in evaluations and comparisons of hay-crop forage quality, and used in the marketing of hays. Data from Wisconsin quality-tested hay auctions show that hay buyers pay $0.90 per point of RFV above the RFV of a base quality alfalfa (Undersander, 2002). The milk per ton index has evolved to the point where it is commonly used in agronomic performance trials, because an estimate of forage DM yield often obtained in these types of trials multiplied times the estimate of milk produced per ton of forage DM provides an estimate of the milk produced per acre which combines yield and quality into a single term. This index, milk per ton or per acre, has become the focal point of corn silage commercial hybrid performance trials (Lauer et al., 2001; Lauer et al., 1997) and the corn silage hybrid-breeding program (Coors et al., 2001) at the University of Wisconsin Madison.
Modification of polycyanurate networks with protic additives based on polydimethylsiloxane (1997)

Abstract Hydroxy telechelic polycaprolactone / polydimethylsiloxane / polycaprolactone triblock copolymers were used to modify aromatic polycyanurate networks through a polycondensation‐induced phase separation. Model studies revealed that the cyclotrimerization mechanism in the presence of alcohol functions was complex. The additives, which activate the reaction, are finally chemically linked to the matrix. Both thermodynamic and kinetic features result in very finely divided morphologies, with highly interpenetrated phases which contribute to a great improve of the static mechanical properties.
Roles of Lsr2 in Colony Morphology and Biofilm Formation of<i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i> (2005)

The lipid-rich cell wall is a defining feature of Mycobacterium species. Individual cell wall components affect diverse mycobacterial phenotypes including colony morphology, biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance, and virulence. In this study, we describe a transposon insertion mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2 155 that exhibits altered colony morphology and defects in biofilm formation. The mutation was localized to the lsr2 gene. First identified as an immunodominant T-cell antigen of Mycobacterium leprae, lsr2 orthologs have been identified in all sequenced mycobacterial genomes, and homologs are found in many actinomycetes. Although its precise function remains unknown, localization experiments indicate that Lsr2 is a cytosolic protein, and cross-linking experiments demonstrate that it exists as a dimer. Characterization of cell wall lipid components reveals that the M. smegmatis lsr2 mutant lacks two previously unidentified apolar lipids. Characterization by mass spectrometry and thin-layer chromatography indicate that these two apolar lipids are novel mycolate-containing compounds, called mycolyl-diacylglycerols (MDAGs), in which a mycolic acid (alpha- or alpha'-mycolate) molecule is esterified to a glycerol. Upon complementation with an intact lsr2 gene, the mutant reverts to the parental phenotypes and MDAG production is restored. This study demonstrates that due to its impact on the biosynthesis of the hydrophobic MDAGs, Lsr2 plays an important role in the colony morphology and biofilm formation of M. smegmatis.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of 2‐Allyl‐5(2H)‐oxazolones into Tetrahydro‐3H‐furo(3,4‐b)pyrrole Derivatives Catalyzed by Lewis Acids. (1987)

Abstract The oxazolone (Ia), on reaction with p‐benzoquinone in the presence of SnCl 4 , does not give the Diels‐Alder adduct, but rearranges to afford compound (IIa).
Vascular adaptations to 8‐week cycling training in older men (2007)

Eight weeks of endurance training in older men altered functional and structural characteristics of the lower extremity vasculature, whereas no changes are reported for the conduit arteries in the non-trained areas (BA or in the CA).
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (2001)

The calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) is a versatile intracellular messenger. It provides dynamic regulation of vast array of cellular processes such as gene transcription, differentiation and contraction. Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals range from microsecond, nanoscopic events to intercellular waves lasting for many seconds. This diversity of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals arises from the wide assortment of Ca<sup>2+</sup> transport and Ca<sup>2+</sup> buffering processes employed by cells. Additional diversity in Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling stems from the ability of cells to utilise different sources of Ca<sup>2+</sup>. The cytosol is the principal Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling compartment. When Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions enter the cytosol they interact with numerous Ca<sup>2+</sup>-binding proteins, thereby leading to activation, or inhibition, of cellular processes. Specificity is achieved by regulating the spatial and kinetic properties of Ca<sup>2+</sup> signal. In this way, many concurrent Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive cellular processes can be discretely regulated. A number of pathologies have been related to the breakdown of cellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> homoeostasis or to aberrant Ca<sup>2+</sup> signalling.
Combined procoagulant and innate immune responses to infection: Toward more potent drugs in septic patients (2001)

Medical Intensive Care Unit Cochin Port-Royal University-Hospital and Cochin Institut of Molecular Genetics Paris V University Paris, France Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Lille University-Hospital Lille, France
Mean wind forces on parabolic-trough solar collectors (1980)

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of mean wind loads produced by airflow in and around several configurations of parabolic trough solar collectors with and without a wind fence. Four basic parabolic shapes were investigated as single units and one shape was studied as part of several array fields. One 1:25 scale model of each parabolic shape was constructed for mounting on a force balance to measure two forces and three moments. The effects of several dominant variables were investigated in this study: wind-azimuth (or yaw), trough elevation (or pitch) angle, array field configuration, and protective wind fence characteristics. All measurements were made in a boundary-layer flow developed by the meteorological wind tunnel at the Fluid Dynamics and Diffusion Laboratory of Colorado State University. Results are presented and discussed. (WHK)
Use of symmetrical number systems in electronic warfare (2013)

The use of symmetrical number systems and wideband technologies is investigated to develop novel concepts for use in electronic warfare (EW) receivers. A computationally efficient algorithm for determining the dynamic range of the robust symmetrical number system (RSNS) is used to derive additional closed-form expressions for the RSNS dynamic range, using a curvefitting method. A photonic direction-finding array employing dual-electrode Mac-Zehnder modulators with RSNS preprocessing is developed and validated through simulations and experimental testing. Additional EW receiver concepts using the symmetrical number system (SNS) and CS are also examined. An SNS-CS cueing receiver is proposed that places a multichannel undersampling receiver, based on the SNS, into a CS framework and applies CS recovery algorithms to resolve the signal’s frequency components. The SNS-CS cueing receiver’s performance is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations. The final concept examined is a multichannel Nyquist folding receiver (NYFR) with SNS-based uniform sampling rates (NYFR-B). The NYFR-B’s performance is evaluated through Monte Carlo simulations and performance curves are presented.
Genetic analysis of the zinc finger in the Moloney murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid domain: replacement of zinc-coordinating residues with other zinc-coordinating residues yields noninfectious particles containing genomic RNA (1996)

The effect of changing zinc (Zn2+)-coordinating residues in the nucleocapsid protein of Moloney murine leukemia virus was investigated by introducing a His-34-to-Cys or Cys-39-to-His mutation into the putative Zn2+ finger. Mutant virions contained normal levels of properly processed Gag and Env proteins and wild-type levels of full-length viral RNA. However, the specific infectivity of the mutants was approximately 4 x 10(-4) that of wild-type particles. They were probably noninfectious because of the inability of the particles to synthesize cDNA transcripts, since full-length viral DNA could not be detected in Hirt supernatants of NIH 3T3 cells infected with the CCCC or CCHH virus. These mutants will provide an extremely valuable tool for analysis of the role of retroviral Zn2+ fingers in infection processes, independent of viral RNA recognition and packaging.
Therapy of Uncomplicated Gonorrhea Due to Antibiotic-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1988)

Antibiotics available to treat uncomplicated anogenital infections due to beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae include spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, and clavulanic acid added to aqueous procaine penicillin G or amoxicillin. Important variables in deciding which antibiotic regimen to use include effectiveness against urethral, cervical, pharyngeal, and rectal infections; cost; eradication of coexisting incubating syphilis; adverse effects; efficacy against strains of N. gonorrhoeae with chromosomally mediated resistance to antimicrobial agents; ease of administration; patient acceptance; and the potential for inducing resistance to antimicrobial agents in pathogens other than those causing sexually transmitted diseases. This review outlines the advantages and disadvantages of the various regimens.
Grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys by heterogeneous nucleation and alloying (2002)

Grain refinement of aluminium and its alloys is common industrial practice. The field has been extensively investigated by many workers over the past 50 years, not only to develop efficient grain refiners for different aluminium alloys, but also to achieve an understanding of the mechanism of grain refinement. The present review confines itself to the literature on grain refinement by heterogeneous nucleation and alloying. Initially, the fundamentals of grain refinement by inoculants are outlined. The types of grain refiner, Al-Ti-B master alloys in particular, and their methods of manufacture are next discussed. The grain refining tests to assess the efficiency of the grain refiners and the grain refining behaviour of aluminium alloys are also discussed in brief. The performance of a grain refiner, as well as the response of an aluminium alloy to grain refinement, is influenced by the microstructure of the grain refiner as controlled by the process parameters involved in its preparation and the alloying elements present in the aluminium alloy. The roles of these factors, and particularly the roles of poisoning elements such as Si, Cr, Zr, Li, are reviewed. The paper also reviews the mechanisms of grain refinement, the fading and poisoning phenomena, and the trends in the development of new grain refiners for aluminium alloys containing poisoning elements.
A universal mammalian vaccine cell line substrate (2017)

Using genome-wide small interfering RNA (siRNA) screens for poliovirus, influenza A virus and rotavirus, we validated the top 6 gene hits PV, RV or IAV to search for host genes that when knocked-down (KD) enhanced virus permissiveness and replication over wild type Vero cells or HEp-2 cells. The enhanced virus replication was tested for 12 viruses and ranged from 2-fold to >1000-fold. There were variations in virus-specific replication (strain differences) across the cell lines examined. Some host genes (CNTD2, COQ9, GCGR, NDUFA9, NEU2, PYCR1, SEC16G, SVOPL, ZFYVE9, and ZNF205) showed that KD resulted in enhanced virus replication. These findings advance platform-enabling vaccine technology, the creation of diagnostic cells substrates, and are informative about the host mechanisms that affect virus replication in mammalian cells.
A TV Camera System Which Extracts Feature Points For Non-Contact Eye Movement Detection (1990)

This paper proposes a highly efficient camera system which extracts, irrespective of background, feature points such as the pupil, corneal reflection image and dot-marks pasted on a human face in order to detect human eye movement by image processing. Two eye movement detection methods are sugested: One utilizing face orientation as well as pupil position, The other utilizing pupil and corneal reflection images. A method of extracting these feature points using LEDs as illumination devices and a new TV camera system designed to record eye movement are proposed. Two kinds of infra-red LEDs are used. These LEDs are set up a short distance apart and emit polarized light of different wavelengths. One light source beams from near the optical axis of the lens and the other is some distance from the optical axis. The LEDs are operated in synchronization with the camera. The camera includes 3 CCD image pick-up sensors and a prism system with 2 boundary layers. Incident rays are separated into 2 wavelengths by the first boundary layer of the prism. One set of rays forms an image on CCD-3. The other set is split by the half-mirror layer of the prism and forms an image including the regularly reflected component by placing a polarizing filter in front of CCD-1 or another image not including the component by not placing a polarizing filter in front of CCD-2. Thus, three images with different reflection characteristics are obtained by three CCDs. Through the experiment, it is shown that two kinds of subtraction operations between the three images output from CCDs accentuate three kinds of feature points: the pupil and corneal reflection images and the dot-marks. Since the S/N ratio of the subtracted image is extremely high, the thresholding process is simple and allows reducting the intensity of the infra-red illumination. A high speed image processing apparatus using this camera system is decribed. Realtime processing of the subtraction, thresholding and gravity position calculation of the feature points is possible.
Labour Force (1992)

The statistics in this section cover a wide range of topics and come from a variety of sources. The occupation data for periods up to the 1960s were almost entirely derived by Professor Bairoch and his colleagues from national censuses of population. Therefore the problems of accuracy referred to in the last section also appear here. A more significant difficulty is the very considerable variations which have occurred in classifications, both between countries and over time. The distinction between an occupational and an industrial classification was seldom properly appreciated until well into the twentieth century. The treatment of retired persons was very variable, and so also was that of women working in agriculture or in other family-based economic units. When Jacques Bertillon came to put together his volume on nineteenth-century European population censuses for the International Institute of Statistics in 1899, he expressed the view that "the nomenclatures adopted by the different countries are so different that international comparisons would have been either very difficult or fallacious".1 Professor Bairoch's group, having made every possible effort to achieve international and intertemporal comparability, in effect echo Bertillon, when they write that "because of the frequent changes in criteria and methods used in census taking.... it is practically impossible to come up with statistics that are perfectly comparable in time and space".2 Rough comparisons of orders of magnitude are feasible, however, and the degree of precision has certainly improved over the last forty years, though differences between centrally-planned and market economies still need to be interpreted with great care.KeywordsTrade UnionReal WageExtractive IndustryMonthly NumberMonthly ObservationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Evidence for the effectiveness of an oleo-resin capsicum aerosol as a repellent against wild elephants in Zimbabwe (1995)

Test results from studies with free ranging elephants suggest a Capsicum-based aerosol solution has validity as an elephant repellent over both short (20-30m) and intermediate (20-30m) ranges, and that Capsicum is a short-term repellent. Preliminary results suggest that this chemical may act as a practical elephant deterrent which can be combined with aversive conditioning of problem elephants.
Nanostructured indium-tin-oxide films fabricated by all-solution processing for functional transparent electrodes (2011)

We investigated nanostructured indium-tin-oxide (ITO) films fabricated by all-solution processing of ITO nanoparticles and a nanoimprint lithography technique. The nanostructured ITO film with one-dimensional periodicity has low sheet resistance of ~200 Ω/sq, high optical transparency of ~80%, and specific transmission spectra due to light diffractions. By using this ITO film as a transparent electrode and an alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals (LCs), we successfully demonstrate the electro-optic performance of LC devices. This functional transparent electrode can give rise to new photonic devices with nanostructures.
Infection of Human Fallopian Tube Epithelial Cells with<i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>Protects Cells from Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha-Induced Apoptosis (2006)

Following infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, bacteria may ascend into the Fallopian tubes (FT) and induce salpingitis, a major cause of infertility. In the FT, interactions between mucosal epithelial cells and gonococci are pivotal events in the pathogen's infection cycle and the inflammatory response. In the current study, primary FT epithelial cells were infected in vitro with different multiplicities of infection (MOI) of Pil+ Opa+ gonococci. Bacteria showed a dose-dependent association with cells and induced the secretion of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). A significant finding was that gonococcal infection (MOI = 1) induced apoptosis in approximately 30% of cells, whereas increasing numbers of bacteria (MOI = 10 to 100) did not induce apoptosis. Apoptosis was observed in only 11% of cells with associated bacteria, whereas >84% of cells with no adherent bacteria were apoptotic. TNF-alpha was a key contributor to apoptosis, since (i) culture supernatants from cells infected with gonococci (MOI = 1) induced apoptosis in naïve cultures, suggesting that a soluble factor was responsible; (ii) gonococcal infection-induced apoptosis was inhibited with anti-TNF-alpha antibodies; and (iii) the addition of exogenous TNF-alpha induced apoptosis, which was inhibited by the presence of increasing numbers of bacteria (MOI = 10 to 100). These data suggest that TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis of FT epithelial cells is likely a primary host defense mechanism to prevent pathogen colonization. However, epithelial cell-associated gonococci have evolved a mechanism to protect the cells from undergoing TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, and this modulation of the host innate response may contribute to establishment of infection. Understanding the antiapoptotic mechanisms used by Neisseria gonorrhoeae will inform the pathogenesis of salpingitis and could suggest new intervention strategies for prevention and treatment of the disease.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF EVANESCENT WAVE COUPLING INTO A THIN-FILM WAVEGUIDE (1970)

Experimental evidence is presented for a 2π phase change and a corresponding spot shift at resonance in an evanescent wave optical waveguide coupler.