gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient spatial prediction-based image compression scheme (2002)

An efficient spatial prediction-based progressive image compression scheme is developed in this paper. The proposed scheme consists of two phases, namely, the prediction phase and the quantization phase. In the prediction phase, information of the nearest neighbor pixels is utilized to predict the center pixel. Next in-place processes are taken, i.e., the resulting prediction error is stored in the same memory location as the predicted pixel. Thus, the temporary storage space required is significantly reduced in the encoding process as well as decoding process. The prediction scheme generates prediction error images with hierarchical structure, which can employ the result of many existing quantization schemes, such as EZW and SPIHT algorithms. As a result, a progressive coding feature is obtained in a straightforward manner. In the quantization phase, we extend the multilevel threshold scheme. Not only the pixel intensity value itself but also level significance is taken into account. In the experimental testing, we illustrate that the proposed scheme yields compression quality advantages. It outperforms several existing image compression schemes. Furthermore, the proposed scheme can be realized by only integer addition and shift operations. Tremendous amounts of computation-saving are achieved. The above features make the proposed image compression scheme beneficial to the areas of real-time applications and wireless transmission in limited bandwidth and low computation power environments.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF THE 1‐AZA‐2‐BORA‐3‐OXACYCLOPENTANE SYSTEM (1980)

Abstract Die Verbindungen des Titelsystems mit unsymm. Ladungsverteilung werden dargestellt durch Spaltung der aus (I) über Lithioderivate erhaltenen N‐Si‐ und O‐Si‐Bindungen mit Borhalogeniden oder Boranen.
Inhibition of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase by alkaloids. II. (1988)

The structure-inhibitory activity relationships were studied in analogous alkaloids from Picrasma quassioides and Ailanthus altissima, and their derivatives. Altogether, 53β-carboline, 18 canthinone and 7 dimeric alkaloids were tested for cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterase inhibition. Major alkaloids (10, 63 and 74) among the three groups of congeners in Picrasma quassioides and Ailanthus altissima showed the most potent inhibitory activity, equal to or greater than that of papaverine used as a reference.
Augmentation of Quasi-Zenith Satellite Positioning System Using High Altitude Platforms Systems (HAPS) (2003)

Recently, some feasibility studies on a regional positioning system using the quasi-zenith satellites and the geostationary satellites have been conducted in Japan. However, the geometry of this system seems to be unsatisfactory in terms of the positioning accuracy in north-south direction. In this paper, an augmented satellite positioning system by the High Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) is proposed since the flexibility of the HAPS location is effective to improve the geometry of satellite positioning system. The improved positioning performance of the augmented system is also demonstrated.
High-Performance ZrO[sub 2]-Coated LiNiO[sub 2] Cathode Material (2001)

LiNiO2 with excellent structural stability and electrochemical reversibility is obtained by sol-gel coating of ZrO2. Significantly reduced lattice distortion is found in ZrO2-coated LiNiO2, showing several-times-lower changes in the lattice constants during charging, compared to that of bare sample. The thin-film encapsulation by ZrO2, with higher Zr concentration at the particle surface within similar to1 mum, can effectively suppress the lattice distortion and thereby phase transitions. The improved electrochemical reversibility is well demonstrated by the cycle-life performance in the coin-type half-cells (Li/coated-LiNiO2 and Li/bare-LiNiO2) between 4.3 and 2.75 V, showing only 2% capacity loss in the ZrO2-coated sample after 70 cycles.
Frequent deletion and 5' CpG island methylation of the p16 gene in primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. (1998)

A total of 10 primary malignant lymphomas of the brain were examined for deletion, mutation, and 5' CpG island methylation of the p16 gene, which is a candidate tumor suppressor gene with CDK-inhibitory function. In Southern blot analysis, p16 gene deletion was suggested in nine cases, homozygously (five cases) or hemizygously (four cases). In the remaining one case, p16 gene deletion was not suggested. Although single-strand conformation polymorphism and nucleotide analyses suggested no mutations of the p16 gene in these cases, methylation analyses revealed 5' CpG island methylation in three cases, of which two were those with presumed hemizygous deletion and one was that without deletion in Southern blot analysis. Thus, p16 gene abnormality was detected in all 10 of the brain lymphomas examined, and in 8 of them, actual p16 gene inactivation was suggested by their homozygous deletion (5 cases) or 5' CpG island methylation (3 cases). These findings suggest that p16 gene abnormality and inactivation are closely related to carcinogenesis in primary malignant lymphoma of the brain. The p15 gene, another candidate tumor suppressor gene located in the vicinity of the p16 gene, to which it shows structural and functional similarity, was also presumed to be deleted similarly in most cases. Its methylation was seen in one case, the case without the methylated p16 gene.
Second-order output statistics of the adaptive line enhancer (1979)

The adaptive line enhancer (ALE) is an adaptive digital filter designed to suppress uncorrelated components of its input, while passing any narrow-band components with little attenuation. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the second-order output statistics of the ALE in steady-state operation, for input samples consisting of weak narrow-band signals in white Gaussian noise. The ALE output is shown to be the sum of two uncorrelated components, one arising from optimum finite-lag Wiener filtering of the narrow-band input components, and the other arising from the misadjustment error associated with the adaptation process. General expressions are given for the output auto-correlation function and power spectrum with arbitrary narrow-band input signals, and the case of a single sinusoid in white noise is worked out as an example. Finally, the significance of these results to practical applications of the ALE is mentioned.
Regulation of the induction of ornithine decarboxylase in keratinocytes by retinoids (1995)

Treatment of SV40-transformed keratinocytes (Z114) with epidermal growth factor (EGF) resulted in an increase in ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity and a dose-dependent increase in ODC mRNA levels. Pretreatment of keratinocytes with all-trans-retinoic retinoic acid inhibited the EGF induction of ODC activity. In both quiescent and EGF-stimulated cells, all-trans-retinoic acid inhibited ODC gene transcription and lowered ODC mRNA levels, whereas glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase expression remained unaffected. Treatment with all-trans-retinoic acid for 24 h resulted in a dose- and time-dependent decrease of up to 52% in EGF binding to EGF receptors and a 30-75% decrease in EGF-receptor quantity. In addition, when cells were treated with both UV radiation and all-trans-retinoic acid, their effects were additive in causing a decrease in EGF binding. Blocking of EGF receptors with a neutralizing antibody for EGF receptors inhibited the induction of ODC activity by EGF. The effects of several other retinoids, including Ro15-0778, etretinate, Ro13-7410, etarotene, Ro40-8757, 13-cis-retinoic acid and acitretin, were also studied to determine their effects on EGF binding and ODC activity. Two of these other retinoids, 13-cis-retinoic acid and Ro13-7410, inhibited EGF binding the most (35-46%, P < 0.001); several others (etarotene, Ro40-8757 and etretinate) were less effective (7-16%), but significantly decreased EGF binding (P < 0.05), and two retinoids (Ro15-0778 and acitretin) showed no significant effect on EGF binding. In contrast, all of the retinoids tested inhibited the induction of ODC activity by EGF, although etretinate and Ro15-0778 were less effective. EGF signal transduction is important in ODC gene regulation, and retinoids are significant modulators of this pathway.
Collective Coupling of a Macroscopic Number of Single-Molecule Magnets with a Microwave Cavity Mode (2014)

We report the observation of strong coupling of a macroscopic ensemble of ∼1016 Fe8 molecular nanomagnets to the resonant mode of a microwave cavity. We use millimeter-wave spectroscopy to measure the splitting of the system's resonant frequency induced by the coupling between the spins and the cavity mode. The magnitude of this splitting is found to scale with √N, where N is the number of collectively coupled spins. We control N by changing the system's temperature and, thereby, the populations of the relevant spin energy levels. Strong coupling is observed for two distinct transitions between spin energy states. Our results indicate that at low temperatures nearly all of the spins in the sample couple with the cavity's resonant mode even though there is substantial inhomogeneous broadening of the Fe8 spin resonances.
Differential effects of acute and repeat dosing with the H<sub>3</sub>antagonist GSK189254 on the sleep–wake cycle and narcoleptic episodes in Ox−/− mice (2009)

These studies provide further evidence to support the potential use of H3 antagonists in the treatment of narcolepsy and excessive daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the differential effects observed on W and narcoleptic episodes following repeat dosing could have important implications in clinical studies.
High‐efficiency peptide analysis on monolithic multimode capillary columns: Pressure‐assisted capillary electrochromatography/capillary electrophoresis coupled to UV and electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (2003)

High-efficiency peptide analysis using multimode pressure-assisted capillary electrochromatography/capillary electrophoresis (pCEC/pCE) monolithic polymeric columns and the separation of model peptide mixtures and protein digests by isocratic and gradient elution under an applied electric field with UV and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) detection is demonstrated. Capillary multipurpose columns were prepared in silanized fused-silica capillaries of 50, 75, and 100 microm inner diameters by thermally induced in situ copolymerization of methacrylic monomers in the presence of n-propanol and formamide as porogens and azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. N-Ethylbutylamine was used to modify the chromatographic surface of the monolith from neutral to cationic. Monolithic columns were termed as multipurpose or multimode columns because they showed mixed modes of separation mechanisms under different conditions. Anion-exchange separation ability in the liquid chromatography (LC) mode can be determined by the cationic chromatographic surface of the monolith. At acidic pH and high voltage across the column, the monolithic stationary phase provided conditions for predominantly capillary electrophoretic migration of peptides. At basic pH and electric field across the column, enhanced chromatographic retention of peptides on monolithic capillary column made CEC mechanisms of migration responsible for separation. The role of pressure, ionic strength, pH, and organic content of the mobile phase on chromatographic performance was investigated. High efficiencies (exceeding 300 000 plates/m) of the monolithic columns for peptide separations are shown using volatile and nonvolatile, acidic and basic buffers. Good reproducibility and robustness of isocratic and gradient elution pressure-assisted CEC/CE separations were achieved for both UV and ESI-MS detection. Manipulation of the electric field and gradient conditions allowed high-throughput analysis of complex peptide mixtures. A simple design of sheathless electrospray emitter provided effective and robust low dead volume interfacing of monolithic multimode columns with ESI-MS. Gradient elution pressure-assisted mixed-mode separation CE/CEC-ESI-MS mass fingerprinting and data-dependent pCE/pCEC-ESI-MS/MS analysis of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) tryptic digest in less than 5 min yielding high sequence coverage (73%) demonstrated the potential of the method.
Biochemical and Structural Evidence in Support of a Coherent Model for the Formation of the Double-Helical Influenza A Virus Ribonucleoprotein (2012)

Influenza A virus, the causative agent of human pandemics and annual epidemics, contains eight RNA gene segments. Each RNA segment assumes the form of a rod-shaped, double-helical ribonucleoprotein (RNP) that contains multiple copies of a viral protein, the nucleoprotein (NP), which coats the RNA segment along its entire length. Previous studies showed that NP molecules can polymerize via a structural element called the tail loop, but the RNP assembly process is poorly understood. Here we show that influenza virus RNPs are likely assembled from NP monomers, which polymerize through the tail loop only in the presence of viral RNA. Using X-ray crystallography, we identified an additional way that NP molecules interact with each other. We hypothesize that this new interaction is responsible for organizing linear, single-stranded influenza virus RNPs into double-helical structures. Our results thus provide a coherent model for the assembly of the double-helical influenza virus RNP structure.
A 10-bit 1-GSample/s Nyquist current-steering CMOS D/A converter (2001)

In this paper, a 10-bit 1-GSample/s current-steering CMOS digital-to-analog (D/A) converter is presented. The measured integral nonlinearity is better than /spl plusmn/0.2 LSB and the measured differential nonlinearity lies between -0.08 and 0.14 LSB proving the 10-bit accuracy. The 1-GSample/s conversion rate has been obtained by an, at transistor level, fully custom-designed thermometer decoder and synchronization circuit. The layout has been carefully optimized. The parasitic interconnect loads have been estimated and have been iterated in the circuit design. A spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) of more than 61 dB has been measured in the interval from dc to Nyquist. The power consumption equals 110 mW for a near-Nyquist sinusoidal output signal at a 1-GHz clock. The chip has been processed in a standard 0.35-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and has an active area of only 0.35 mm/sup 2/.
Pharmacogenetics of Neonatal Opioid Toxicity Following Maternal Use of Codeine During Breastfeeding: A Case–Control Study (2008)

A large number of women receive codeine for obstetric pain while breastfeeding. Following a case of fatal opioid poisoning in a breastfed neonate whose codeine prescribed mother was a CYP2D6 ultrarapid metabolizer (UM), we examined characteristics of mothers and infants with or without signs of central nervous system (CNS) depression following codeine exposure while breastfeeding in a case-control study. Mothers of symptomatic infants (n = 17) consumed a mean 59% higher codeine dose than mothers of asymptomatic infants (n = 55) (1.62 (0.79) mg/kg/day vs. 1.02 (0.54) mg/kg/day; P = 0.004). There was 71% concordance between maternal and neonatal CNS depression. Two mothers whose infants exhibited severe neonatal toxicity were CYP2D6 UMs and of the UGT2B7*2/*2 genotype. There may be a dose-response relationship between maternal codeine use and neonatal toxicity, and strong concordance between maternal-infant CNS depressive symptoms. Breastfed infants of mothers who are CYP2D6 UMs combined with the UGT2B7*2/*2 are at increased risk of potentially life-threatening CNS depression.
Natural Language Generation in Interactive Systems (2014)

An informative and comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art in natural language generation (NLG) for interactive systems, this guide serves to introduce graduate students and new researchers to the field of natural language processing and artificial intelligence, while inspiring them with ideas for future research. Detailing the techniques and challenges of NLG for interactive applications, it focuses on the research into systems that model collaborativity and uncertainty, are capable of being scaled incrementally, and can engage with the user effectively. A range of real-world case studies is also included. The book and the accompanying website feature a comprehensive bibliography, and refer the reader to corpora, data, software and other resources for pursuing research on natural language generation and interactive systems, including dialog systems, multimodal interfaces and assistive technologies. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in computational linguistics, natural language processing and related fields.
CROSSOVER SUPPRESSORS AND BALANCED RECESSIVE LETHALS IN <i>CAENORHABDITIS ELEGANS</i> (1978)

Two dominant suppressors of crossing over have been identified following X-ray treatment of the small nematode C. elegans. They suppress crossing over in linkage group II (LGII) about 100-fold and 50-fold and are both tightly linked to LGII markers. One, called C1, segregates independently of all other linkage groups and is homozygous fertile. The other is a translocation involving LGII and X. The translocation also suppresses crossing over along the right half of X and is homozygous lethal. C1 has been used as a balancer of LGII recessive lethal and sterile mutations induced by EMS. The frequencies of occurrence of lethals and steriles were approximately equal. Fourteen mutations were assigned to complementation groups and mapped. They tended to map in the same region where LGII visibles are clustered.
Fabrication and characteristics of GaAs-AlGaAs tunable laser diodes with DBR and phase-control sections integrated by compositional disordering of a quantum well (1991)

GaAs-AlGaAs rib-waveguide graded-index separate-confinement heterostructure (GRINSCH) single-quantum-well (SQW) tunable distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser diodes were fabricated by EB lithography, ion implantation, and two-step metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth. Active and passive waveguides were monolithically integrated by the compositional disordering of quantum-well heterostructures using silicon ion implantation. First-order gratings and rib waveguides were adopted with EB lithography to improve lasing characteristics, and they have wide application to photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Waveguide losses of partially disordered GRINSCH-SQW passive waveguides were as low as 4.4 cm/sup -1/ at the lasing wavelength. A narrow linewidth as low as 560 kHz and a frequency tuning of more than 2.9 THz were obtained. The results show that this fabrication process is useful for PICs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamics of single-stranded DNA migration in denaturing polyacrylamide slab-gel electrophoresis (2001)

We describe an original apparatus for the study of the dynamics of single stranded DNA migration. Four detectors based on laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) are equidistantly placed on one migration lane, allowing repeated measurements of the same DNA band at different positions along migration. This article presents the characteristics and performances of this system and focuses on the data analysis, showing how the multiple detection scheme enables the study of band broadening and band resolution during a migration run. Our results suggest the existence of anomalous (nonthermal) diffusion of DNA molecules during the electrophoretic process.
Subpicosecond InP/InGaAs heterostructure bipolar transistors (1989)

Bipolar transistors with subpicosecond extrinsic delay are discussed. These InP/InGaAs heterostructure transistors show a unity-current-gain cutoff frequency f/sub $/T=165 GHz and maximum oscillation frequency f/sub MAX/=100 GHz at room temperature. The authors model shows that an f/sub $/T beyond 386 GHz is obtainable by further vertical scaling. Ring oscillators implemented with nonthreshold logic (NTL) and transistors having f/sub MAX/=71 GHz show a propagation delay of 14.7 ps and 5.4 mW average power consumption per stage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Code Reorginazation for Instruction Caches (1988)

Program performance can be improved on machines with virtual memory by reorganizing the program''s address space. We address the question whether reorganization could benefit programs on machines with instruction caches. We have performed experiments to determine the efficacy of restructuring using simple reordering algorithms and profile data, concluding that performance improvement can be obtained relatively cheaply. Experiments show improvements in rise rates on the order 30% to 50%, and sometimes as high as 50% to 80%, by performing a simple algorithm that relocates only 3% to 5% of the basic blocks of a program.
Effect of bryostatin 1 on the in vitro radioprotective capacity of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) toward committed human myeloid progenitor cells (CFU-GM). (1992)

We have examined the effect of the macrocyclic lactone protein kinase C (PK-C) activator bryostatin 1 on the in vitro radioprotective capacity of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF) toward normal committed myeloid progenitor cells (day-14 granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units [CFU-GM]). Preincubation of T-cell- and adherent cell-depleted bone marrow mononuclear cells with 12.5 nM bryostatin 1 and either 1.25 or 50 ng/ml rGM-CSF for 24 h resulted in an 18%-30% survival at 4-5 Gy, whereas cells exposed to rGM-CSF alone gave rise to no detectable colonies at radiation doses greater than 2.5 Gy. Coadministration of bryostatin 1 also led to a threefold increase in Do values for both rGM-CSF concentrations. A similar enhancement of radioprotective effects was observed with the tumor-promoting phorbol ester phorbol dibutyrate. Exposure of cells to both bryostatin 1 and rGM-CSF immediately following irradiation also resulted in enhanced progenitor cell survival when compared to rGM-CSF alone, but radioprotective effects were less than those observed when cells were preincubated with these factors. Cells preconditioned with bryostatin 1 and rGM-CSF prior to exposure to 2 or 4 Gy gave rise to significantly more colonies when radiation was administered as a 4-h divided dose, suggesting that bryostatin 1 may act by potentiating rGM-CSF-induced repair of sublethal radiation damage. Finally, pre-exposure of enriched progenitor cells (CD34+) to bryostatin 1 and rGM-CSF resulted in radioprotective effects that were less than those observed for partially purified populations with respect to the total population of surviving myeloid colonies. However, CD34+ cells preincubated with bryostatin 1 and rGM-CSF prior to irradiation exhibited a significant increase in both the percentage and absolute number of neutrophilic and macrophage colonies, and a reduction in eosinophilic colonies, compared to cells exposed to rGM-CSF alone. These studies suggest that bryostatin 1 (and possibly other PK-C activators) potentiates the in vitro radioprotective effects of rGM-CSF and may also regulate the lineage specificity of this response.