gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Differential Privacy in Secure Multiparty Data Aggregation Protocols on Star Networks (2017)

We consider the problem of privacy-preserving data aggregation in a star network topology, i.e., several untrusting participants connected to a single aggregator. We require that the participants do not discover each other's data, and the service provider remains oblivious to each participant's individual contribution. Furthermore, the final result is to be published in a differentially private manner, i.e., the result should not reveal the contribution of any single participant to a (possibly external) adversary who knows the contributions of all other participants. In other words, we require a secure multiparty computation protocol that also incorporates a differentially private mechanism. Previous solutions have resorted to caveats such as postulating a trusted dealer to distribute keys to the participants, or introducing additional entities to withhold the decryption key from the aggregator, or relaxing the star topology by allowing pairwise communication amongst the participants. In this paper, we show how to obtain a noisy (differentially private) aggregation result using Shamir secret sharing and additively homomorphic encryption without these mitigating assumptions. More importantly, while we assume semi-honest participants, we allow the aggregator to be stronger than semi-honest, specifically in the sense that he can try to reduce the noise in the differentially private result.
pH-Dependent fusion of liposomes using titratable polycations (1985)

Polylysine promoted extensive membrane mixing of liposomes only if the buffer pH was below the pKa of the lysyl residues. This observation suggested that fusion could be regulated in a physiological pH range if the homopolymer of L-histidine was substituted as fusogen. Microgram quantities of polyhistidine were added to liposomes composed of soybean phospholipids, or to defined phospholipid-cholesterol mixtures which simulate the lipid composition of plasma membranes. A quantitative resonance energy transfer assay determined the extent of lipid phase mixing related to fusion. No fusion was detected at pH 7.4, but when the pH was lowered to 6.5 or below, fusion was rapid and substantial. The extent of membrane mixing increased with progressive acidification of the vesicle-fusogen suspension. The charge density of each polyhistidine molecule, not the total cationic charge per vesicle, influenced the extent of fusion. The kinetics of the fusion reaction were rapid, as membrane mixing was completed within 1 min. If the vesicle suspension was acidified before fusogen addition, the rate of membrane mixing slowed 4-fold. This, as well as a slight increase in light scattering noted whenever polyhistidine was added at pH 7.4, suggests an enhancement of fusion kinetics by preaggregation of vesicles at neutral pH. The lipid composition, regulation of membrane mixing by pH in a physiological range, and rapid kinetics suggest that this model of liposome fusion may be pertinent to understanding some biological fusion events.
Modelling supercapacitors using a dynamic equivalent circuit with a distribution of relaxation times (2019)

Supercapacitors are often modelled using electrical equivalent circuits with a limited number of branches. However, the limited number of branches often cannot explain long-term dynamics, and one therefore has to resort to more computationally challenging basic models governing diffusion and drift of ions. Here, it is shown that consistent modelling of a supercapacitor can be done in a straightforward manner by introducing a dynamic equivalent circuit model that naturally allows a large number or a continuous distribution of time constants, both in time and frequency domains. Such a model can be used to explain the most common features of a supercapacitor in a consistent manner. In the time domain, it is shown that the time-dependent charging rate and the self-discharge of a supercapacitor can both be interpreted in this model with either a few or a continuous distribution of relaxation times. In the frequency domain, the impedance spectrum allows one to extract a distribution of relaxation times. The unified model presented here may help visualizing how the distribution of relaxation times or frequencies govern the behaviour of a supercapacitor under varying circumstances.
Modifying the Output Characteristics of an Organic Light‐Emitting Device by Refractive‐Index Modulation (2006)

Abstract In order to modify the output characteristics of organic light‐emitting devices (OLEDs), the optical properties of an active layer within the device are patterned without introducing any thickness modulation. For this purpose a new conjugated copolymer, which serves as a hole‐transporting material and at the same time can be index patterned using UV techniques, is synthesized. Poly(VC‐ co ‐VBT) (VC: N ‐vinylcarbazole; VBT: 4‐vinylbenzyl thiocyanate) is prepared by free‐radical copolymerization of VC and VBT. The material contains photoreactive thiocyanate groups that enable altering of the material's refractive index under UV illumination. This copolymer is employed as a patternable hole‐transporting layer in multilayer OLEDs. Refractive‐index gratings in poly(VC‐ co ‐VBT) are inscribed using a holographic setup based upon a Lloyd mirror configuration. The fourth harmonic of a Nd:YAG (YAG: yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (266 nm) serves as the UV source. In this way 1D photonic structures are integrated in an OLED containing AlQ 3 (tris(8‐hydroxyquinoline) aluminum) as the emitting species. It is assured that only a periodical change of the refractive index (Δ n = 0.006 at λ = 540 nm) is generated in the active material but no surface‐relief gratings are generated. The patterned devices show more forward‐directed out‐coupling behavior than unstructured devices (increase in luminosity by a factor of five for a perpendicular viewing direction). This effect is most likely due to Bragg scattering. For these multilayer structures, optimum outcoupling was observed for grating periods Λ ∼ 390 nm.
Controlled radical polymerization of <i>N</i>‐isopropylacrylamide initiated by photofunctional 2‐(<i>N,N</i>‐diethyldithiocarbamyl)isobutyric acid sodium salt in aqueous medium (2004)

Abstract Photopolymerizations of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm) were carried out in water, initiated by 2‐( N,N ‐diethyldithiocarbamyl)isobutyric acid sodium salt (DTCA‐Na) as water‐soluble initiator under UV irradiation. The first‐order time‐conversion plots showed slowly decreasing slopes indicating a slow decrease of the active radical concentration. The number‐average molecular weight ( M n ) of the obtained poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) increased in direct proportion, roughly, to monomer conversion. Until ca. 60% of conversion, the polydispersity was relatively narrow (ca. 1.6). 1‐Vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone (VP) could also be polymerized in living fashion with such PNIPAAm precursor as a macroinitiator, because PNIPAAm exhibited dithiocarbamate (DC) groups at terminal ends. It was concluded that the polymerization of NIPAAm proceeded via a controlled radical mechanism in the range ∼60% of conversion. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3233–3238, 2004
ChemInform Abstract: Furocoumarin Studies. Part 1. New Synthesis of 4‐Methylangelicin and Angelicin. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Butterflies and climate change (1994)

Weather, climate and butterfly biology climate, butterfly populations and distributions adaptations to climatic gradients climatic changes and evolutionary history greenhouse gases, climatic change and butterfly populations.
UWB imaging with multi-polarized signals for early breast cancer detection (2010)

The goal of the proposed work to achieve a high quality image (i.e., one with high contrast, and high resolution) using a concise algorithm and a simple antenna system. One of the simpler algorithms is the confocal approach developed by Xu et. al [4]. This approach avoids complex image reconstruction algorithms by synthetically focusing reflections from the breast. It seeks to identify the presence and location of significant scatterers in the breast rather than attempting to recover the complete dielectric properties of the entire breast. In the proposed work we apply the confocal microwave imaging algorithm with a simple dipole antenna using measurements of separate orthogonally polarized dipole antennas.
Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites (2020)

Ionizing radiation causes acute radiation syndrome, which leads to hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. We investigated a population of mice that recovered from high-dose radiation to live normal life spans. These "elite-survivors" harbored distinct gut microbiota that developed after radiation and protected against radiation-induced damage and death in both germ-free and conventionally housed recipients. Elevated abundances of members of the bacterial taxa <i>Lachnospiraceae</i> and <i>Enterococcaceae</i> were associated with postradiation restoration of hematopoiesis and gastrointestinal repair. These bacteria were also found to be more abundant in leukemia patients undergoing radiotherapy, who also displayed milder gastrointestinal dysfunction. In our study in mice, metabolomics revealed increased fecal concentrations of microbially derived propionate and tryptophan metabolites in elite-survivors. The administration of these metabolites caused long-term radioprotection, mitigation of hematopoietic and gastrointestinal syndromes, and a reduction in proinflammatory responses.
Sex difference in presynaptic adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release during normoxia and ischemia in the rat heart. (1991)

Using a perfused innervated rat heart model, we studied the sex difference in the sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced norepinephrine release and its presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition in normoxic and ischemic conditions. During normoxic perfusion, the alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist rauwolscine resulted in a higher overflow of norepinephrine during nerve stimulation in females than in males (p less than 0.05). This more marked potentiation of norepinephrine overflow in females was accompanied by an increased chronotropic and inotropic response (p less than 0.01). During early stop-flow ischemia neural norepinephrine overflow was lower in female than in male hearts (p less than 0.005). Rauwolscine enhanced norepinephrine overflow more in females than in males (p less than 0.05), thereby eliminating the initial difference in norepinephrine overflow during ischemia between the two sexes. Ovariectomy attenuated the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic inhibition of norepinephrine release compared with sham...
Characterization of Signal Quality Monitoring Techniques for Multipath Detection in GNSS Applications (2017)

The performance of Signal Quality Monitoring (SQM) techniques under different multipath scenarios is analyzed. First, SQM variation profiles are investigated as critical requirements in evaluating the theoretical performance of SQM metrics. The sensitivity and effectiveness of SQM approaches for multipath detection and mitigation are then defined and analyzed by comparing SQM profiles and multipath error envelopes for different discriminators. Analytical discussions includes two discriminator strategies, namely narrow and high resolution correlator techniques for BPSK(1), and BOC(1,1) signaling schemes. Data analysis is also carried out for static and kinematic scenarios to validate the SQM profiles and examine SQM performance in actual multipath environments. Results show that although SQM is sensitive to medium and long-delay multipath, its effectiveness in mitigating these ranges of multipath errors varies based on tracking strategy and signaling scheme. For short-delay multipath scenarios, the multipath effect on pseudorange measurements remains mostly undetected due to the low sensitivity of SQM metrics.
Homopolymerization of 2‐alkyl‐ and 2‐aryl‐2‐oxazolines (1966)

Abstract 2‐Aryl‐ and 2‐alkyl‐2‐oxazolines have been polymerized to poly‐( N ‐aroyl)aziridines and poly( N ‐acyl)aziridines, respectively, in the presence of boron trifluoride. The polymers obtained were glassy, light yellow resins with molecular weights ranging from 3500 to 7500 (35–50 oxazoline units per chain). The polymerization rates have been determined for several of these monomers. A polymerization mechanism is proposed.
Metabolites of the marine sponge Chondrosia collectrix (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetabolites of the marine sponge Chondrosia collectrixDonald B. Stierle and D. John FaulknerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 6, 964–968Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01320a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01320a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Short-wavelength (638 nm) room-temperature CW operation of InGaAlP laser diodes with quaternary active layer (1990)

638 nm room temperature (25°C) CW operation was successfully achieved by InGaAlP visible light laser diodes with a quaternary active layer. A transverse mode stabilised selectively buried ridge-waveguide structure was fabricated by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. The threshold current was 100 mA at 25°C and CW operation was attained at up to 50°C. The oscillation wavelength was the shortest for room temperature CW operations of laser diodes ever reported.
The genetic planner: The automatic generation of plans for a mobile robot via genetic programming (2002)

Planning is the creation of programs to control an agent, such as a robot. The genetic planner uses artificial selection, sexual mixing (recombination) and fitness proportionate reproduction to breed computer programs (i.e., to plan). The genetic planner uses a simulation of the world to execute candidate computer programs (i.e., candidate plans). The genetic planner is described, with an example of it at work on a simple problem-a robot on a 2-D grid.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carbon Nanodots: Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Their Photoluminescence (2014)

We report the characterization of carbon nanodots (CNDs) synthesized under mild and controlled conditions, that is, in a microwave reactor. The CNDs thus synthesized exhibit homogeneous and narrowly dispersed optical properties. They are thus well suited as a testbed for studies of the photophysics of carbon-based nanoscopic emitters. In addition to steady-state investigations, time-correlated single-photon counting, fluorescence up-conversion, and transient pump probe absorption spectroscopy were used to elucidate the excited-state dynamics. Moreover, quenching the CND-based emission with electron donors or acceptors helped shed light on the nature of individual states. Density functional theory and semiempirical configuration-interaction calculations on model systems helped understand the fundamental structure-property relationships for this novel type of material.
The measurement of hydrogen ion concentrations with glass electrodes (1924)

When two watery solutions are separated by a thin membrane of a suitable glass, a potential difference is set up between them which depends on their hydrogen ion concentrations. Glass electrodes made on this principle can be used to measure hydrogen ion concentrations when the ordinary hydrogen electrode is useless on account of the presence of oxygen, etc. Special precautions are necessary in measuring the E.M.F. on account of the high resistance of the electrode.
[Biological synthesis and application of bacteriocins]. (2002)

Bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria are a heterogeneous group of peptide inhibitors. Most of bacteriocins have relatively narrow inhibitory spectra. A few of them have wider inhibitory spectra, being active against a wide range of gram-positive bacteria. Bacteriocins can be divided into three types. There are small heat-stable peptides, large heat-labile proteins, and lantibiotics. Their physico-chemical nature, genetic behavior and application are reviewed.
Induction of Pathogen Resistance in Barley by Abiotic Stress (2004)

Enhanced resistance of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Ingrid) against barley powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6) was induced by abiotic stress in a concentration-dependent manner. The papilla-mediated resistance was not only induced by osmotic stress, but also by proton stress. Resistance was directly correlated with increasing concentrations of various salts in the nutrient solution. Resistance induced by proton stress also depended on the stress intensity. Resistance induction occurred even at low stress intensities. Any specific ion toxicity affecting the fungal growth directly, and therefore leading to enhanced pathogen resistance, can be excluded because of the independence of resistance induction of the ion used and of the time course of sodium accumulation in the leaves. BCI-4, a marker for benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazolecarbothioic acid S-methyl ester (BTH)-induced resistance was not induced by these abiotic stresses. However, resistance was induced in the same concentration-dependent manner by the application of the stress hormone ABA to the root medium. During the relief of water stress, resistance did not decrease constantly. On the contrary, after a phase of decreasing resistance for 24 h the pathogen resistance increased again for 48 h before decreasing finally to control levels.
Design and application effect of nurses' manuals for diabetes education (2012)

Objective To study the application of self-designed manual for diabetes education,in order to standard,scientize and trail diabetes education.Methods 13 diabetes education nurses' workload was compared before the use of the manual from January to June in 2009 with that after the use of the manual during the same period in 2010 in a diabetes special hospital in Tianjin.Besides,self-designed inpatients' evaluation chart of diabetes education was used to compare 270 inpatients' knowledge before and after the use of the manual.Results After the use of the manual,the workload of education nurses increased significantly.The frequency of contract learning,picture talk and collective education increased from [( 16.88±6.49),(28.22 ±4.60),(12.55 ±3.35) times/month] to [(35.11 ±6.09),(42.11 ±4.78),(28.33 ±2.39) times/month],and the differences were statistically significant (t =7.39,7.55,13.83,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).In the meantime,the effect of education was also improved.Scores of different departments increased from [(3.45 ±1.23),(2.80±1.47),(2.60±1.50),(2.80 ±1.06),(2.25 ±1.18),(2.50 ±1.43),(2.45 ±1.23),(3.05 ±1.33),(2.50±1.20) points/person] to [(7.30±1.62),(7.10±1.48),(6.80±1.58),(6.55 ±1.70),(6.30 ± 1.75 ),( 6.90± 1.52 ),( 7.00 ± 1.52),( 6.95 ± 1.54),( 6.20 ± 2.62 ) points/person],and the differences were statistically significant ( t =2.83,2.96,2.83,2.05,2.76,3.30,3.75,2.33,2.02,respectively; P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions After the use of the manual,diabetes education becomes more organized and planned,and develops with measures and evaluations.Patients' knowledge and behavior can also be improved in order to control their blood glucose.

Key words: 
Diabetes; Education; Nurses' manual
Measurements of the anisotropy of ultrasonic velocity in freshly excised and formalin-fixed myocardial tissue (2005)

The objective of this study was to quantify the anisotropy of ultrasonic velocity in freshly excised myocardial tissue and to examine the effects of formalin-fixation. Through-transmission radio-frequency-based measurements were performed on ovine and bovine myocardial specimens from 24 different hearts. A total of 81 specimens were obtained from specific locations within each heart to investigate the possibility of regional differences in anisotropy of velocity in the left ventricular wall and septum. No regional differences were observed for either lamb or cow myocardial specimens. In addition, no specific species-dependent differences were observed between ovine and bovine myocardium. Average values of velocity at room temperature for perpendicular and parallel insonification were 1556.9 +/- 0.6 and 1565.2 +/- 0.7 m/s (mean +/- standard error), respectively, for bovine myocardium (N=45) and 1556.3 +/- 0.6 and 1564.7 +/- 0.7 m/s for ovine myocardium (N=36). Immediately after measurements of freshly excised myocardium, ovine specimens were fixed in formalin for at least one month and then measurements were repeated. Formalin-fixation appears to increase the overall velocity at all angles of insonification and to increase the magnitude of anisotropy of velocity.
Human plasma phospholipid transfer protein causes high density lipoprotein conversion. (1993)

The effect of human plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) on the particle size distribution of human high density lipoprotein (HDL) was studied by incubating human HDL3 (particle diameter, 8.7 nm) together with PLTP in vitro. Incubation of HDL3 with highly purified preparations of PLTP, devoid of cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), induced a conversion of the homogenous population of HDL particles into two main populations of particles, one larger, particle diameter 10.9 nm, and one smaller, particle diameter 7.8 nm, than the original HDL3. These size changes were evident as analyzed by gradient gel electrophoresis and by high resolution gel filtration. The degree of the conversion was dependent on the amount of PLTP added to the incubation and on incubation time. An inhibitory monoclonal antibody (TP-1) directed against CETP had no effect on the HDL conversion. The PLTP used was purified to homogeneity from human plasma using ultracentrifugation and a combination of hydrophobic, cation-exchange, heparin-Sepharose-, anion-exchange, and gel filtration chromatographies. The monoclonal anti-CETP antibody (TP-1), which inhibits lipid transfer catalyzed by CETP, did not react with PLTP or inhibit its activity. The estimated molecular weight of PLTP is 75,000. The present study demonstrates that PLTP can act like the putative conversion factor and has the ability to convert HDL3 into populations of larger and smaller HDL particles. The mechanism(s) involved in this process and its physiological relevance remain to be established.