gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Atmospheric Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys : Influence of Microstructure and Environments (2007)

The low density and high specific strength of magnesium alloys have created a great deal of interest in the use of these alloys in the automotive and aerospace industries and in portable electronics. All of these industries deal with applications in which weight is extremely important. However, an obstacle to overcome when using magnesium alloys in engineering applications are their unsatisfactory corrosion properties. This thesis is devoted to the atmospheric corrosion of the two magnesium alloys AZ91D and AM50, in particular the ways the microstructure and exposure parameters of these alloys influence their corrosion behaviour. The work includes both laboratory and field studies. The results obtained show that the microstructure is of vital importance for the corrosion behaviour under atmospheric conditions. The microstructure of magnesium-aluminium alloys contains different intermetallic phases, e.g. Al8Mn5 and β-Mg17Al12. The local nobility of these intermetallic phases was measured on a submicron level in an atmospheric environment. It was shown that particles of the Al-Mn type exhibit the highest Volta potential among the microstructure constituents of the AZ91D magnesium alloy. Further, it was shown that the Volta potential was highly dependent on the aluminium content of the magnesiumaluminium phases in the surface layer. When thin electrolyte layers are present, CO2 diffuses readily to the surface forming magnesium carbonate, hydromagnesite. The CO2 lowers the pH in areas on the surface that are alkaline due to the cathodic reaction. This stabilises the aluminium-containing surface film, the result being increased corrosion protection of phases rich in aluminium. Both in the laboratory and under field conditions the corrosion attack was initiated in large α-phase grains, which is explained by the lower aluminium content in these grains. The thin electrolyte film, which is formed under atmospheric conditions, decreases the possibility of galvanic coupling of alloy constituents located at larger distances from each other. Thus the cathodic process is in most cases located in the eutectic α-/β phase close to the α-phases, instead of in intermetallic Al-Mn particles, even though the driving force for the initiation of the corrosion attack in Al-Mn particles should be high, due to their high nobility.
Automatic parallel I/O performance optimization in Panda (1998)

Article Automatic parallel I/O performance optimization in Panda Share on Authors: Y. Chen Computer Science Department, University of Illinois Computer Science Department, University of IllinoisView Profile , M. Winslett Computer Science Department, University of Illinois Computer Science Department, University of IllinoisView Profile , Y. Cho Computer Science Department, University of Illinois Computer Science Department, University of IllinoisView Profile , S. Kuo Computer Science Department, University of Illinois Computer Science Department, University of IllinoisView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPAA '98: Proceedings of the tenth annual ACM symposium on Parallel algorithms and architecturesJune 1998 Pages 108–118https://doi.org/10.1145/277651.277677Published:01 June 1998 18citation536DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations18Total Downloads536Last 12 Months0Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
The Case for Voluntary Smallpox Vaccination (2002)

The former Soviet Union developed variola virus, which causes smallpox, for use as a biologic weapon, and supplies may have fallen into other hands. As Lev Sandakhchiyev, the director of Russia's Vektor Institute, has warned, “All you need is a sick fanatic to get to a populated place.”1 U.S. experts agree.2,3 The benefits of preemptive, voluntary vaccination are great. One immediate outcome is deterrence. Vaccination before exposure dramatically reduces the value of smallpox as a weapon; in the case of an attack, the number of unimmunized persons will be greatly reduced, and the outbreak will be much easier to . . .
Giant interface magnetostriction and temperature dependence in NiFe films encapsulated with Ta and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ layers (1999)

The interface magnetostriction (MS), /spl lambda//sub i/ of NiFe films (thicknesses:50 to 500 /spl Aring/) encapsulated with Ta and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ layers was studied in as-deposited and thermally annealed states. The MS of NiFe films encapsulated with only Ta (or Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) layers increase (or decrease) rapidly with decreasing NiFe thickness, due to giant positive (or negative) /spl lambda//sub i/. The magnitudes of both positive and negative /spl lambda//sub i/ increase noticeably with processing at elevated temperatures. In structures containing Ta/NiFe and NiFe/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ interfaces, the total interfacial MS contribution is greatly reduced due to the opposite signs of /spl lambda//sub i/ at NiFe interfaces, leading to negligible thickness dependence of the effective MS in as-deposited and annealed states. The strong interfacial MS induced anisotropy affects markedly the uniaxial anisotropy of NiFe films for thicknesses below 100 /spl Aring/.
Application of theoretical acoustics to the reduction of jet engine noise (1972)

Theoretical investigations of noise produced by jet engines should have the following objectives: (i) to understand the noise generation and propagation mechanisms; (ii) to suggest methods of reducing noise levels; (iii) to predict noise levels from various engine configurations.
Fault Propagation and Effects Analysis for Designing an Online Monitoring System for the Secondary Loop of the Nuclear Power Plant Portion of a Hybrid Energy System (2018)

This paper studies the propagation and effects of faults in critical components that pertain to the secondary loop of a nuclear power plant found in nuclear hybrid energy systems (NHESs). This information is used to design an online monitoring (OLM) system that is capable of detecting and analyzing faults that are likely to occur during NHES operation. In this research, the causes, features, and effects of possible faults are investigated by simulating the propagation of faults in the secondary loop of a nuclear power plant. The simulation is conducted using Integrated System Failure Analysis (ISFA), a promising method analyzing hardware and software faults during the conceptual design phase. First, the models of system components required by ISFA are constructed. Then, fault propagation analysis is implemented, which is conducted under the bounds set by acceptance criteria derived for the design of an OLM system. The result of the fault simulation is utilized to evaluate the effectiveness of signals for fault detection and diagnosis and to propose an optimization plan for the OLM system. Finally, several experiments are designed and conducted using a hardware-in-the-loop system to verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Google Scholar's ranking algorithm: The impact of citation counts (An empirical study) (2009)

Google Scholar is one of the major academic search engines but its ranking algorithm for academic articles is unknown. In a recent study we partly reverse-engineered the algorithm. This paper presents the results of our second study. While the previous study provided a broad overview, the current study focused on analyzing the correlation of an article's citation count and its ranking in Google Scholar. For this study, citation counts and rankings of 1,364,757 articles were analyzed. Some results of our first study were confirmed: Citation counts is the highest weighed factor in Google Scholar's ranking algorithm. Highly cited articles are found significantly more often in higher positions than articles that are cited less often. Therefore, Google Scholar seems to be more suitable for searching standard literature than for gems or articles by authors advancing a view different from the mainstream. However, interesting exceptions for some search queries occurred. In some cases no correlation existed; in others bizarre patterns were recognizable, suggesting that citation counts sometimes have no impact at all on articles' rankings.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1-mediated Neuroprotection against Oxidative Stress Is Associated with Activation of Nuclear Factor κB (1999)

The role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, has recently gained attention. The present study demonstrates that IGF-1 promotes the survival of rat primary cerebellar neurons and of immortalized hypothalamic rat GT1-7 cells after challenge with oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Neuroprotective concentrations of IGF-1 specifically induce the transcriptional activity and the DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a transcription factor that has been suggested to play a neuroprotective role. This induction is associated with increased nuclear translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB and with degradation of the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha. IGF-1-mediated protection of GT1-7 cells against oxidative challenges was mimicked by overexpression of the NF-kappaB subunit c-Rel. Partial inhibition of NF-kappaB baseline activity by overexpression of a dominant-negative IkappaBalpha mutant enhanced the toxicity of H2O2 in GT1-7 cells. The pathway by which IGF-1 promotes neuronal survival and activation of NF-kappaB involves the phosphoinositol (PI) 3-kinase, because both effects of IGF-1 are blocked by LY294002 and wortmannin, two specific PI 3-kinase inhibitors. Taken together, our results provide evidence for a novel molecular link between IGF-1-mediated neuroprotection and induction of NF-kappaB that is dependent on the PI 3-kinase pathway.
Serologic Evidence of Powassan Virus Infection in Patients with Suspected Lyme Disease1 (2017)

Powassan virus (POWV) lineage II is an emerging tickborne flavivirus with an unknown seroprevalence in humans. In a Lyme disease-endemic area, we examined the seroreactivity to POWV in 2 patient cohorts and described the clinical features of the POWV-seroreactive patients. POWV disease might be less neuroinvasive than previously thought.
<i>In vivo</i> interleukin 6 gene expression in the tumoral environment in multiple myeloma (1991)

Whether interleukin 6 (IL 6) is an autocrine or paracrine myeloma cell growth factor in vivo remains unresolved. To identify which cells are producing IL 6 in vivo, we have studied the IL 6 gene expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) of 19 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 9 patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL). We found that the IL 6 gene was transcribed by BMMC of most patients with MM (79%). Further, IL 6 mRNA was not produced by purified myeloma cells from patients with either MM (5 patients) or PCL, but by the bone marrow environment, mainly by monocytes and myeloid cells (CD13+CD15+ cells). For 2 patients with PCL, for whom PBMC and BMMC samples were available, IL 6 mRNA could be detected in BMMC but not in PBMC. Finally, no IL 6 mRNA was detected in five freshly established IL 6-dependent myeloma cell lines. The present data give a clear-cut demonstration of the paracrine origin of IL 6 in vivo in human MM.
COMPLEX CARBONYL HYDRIDES OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUM (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCOMPLEX CARBONYL HYDRIDES OF OSMIUM AND RUTHENIUML. Vaska and John W. DiLuzioCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1961, 83, 5, 1262–1263Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01466a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01466a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views895Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ring resonator-based integrated photonic beam former for phased array antennas (2011)

In this article we introduce one of the microwave photonics techniques being researched in our group, namely integrated photonic beam former for phased array antennas. The photonic beam former operates with true time delays achieved by means of integrated optical ring resonator filters. Compared to the conventional electrical beam former, this photonic solution provides the advantages of large instantaneous bandwidth, small size, light weight, low loss, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. The bandwidth configurability and continuous delay tunability of the optical ring resonator-based delay elements allow the phased array antenna to perform squint-free and seamless beam steering for broadband applications such as mobile Ku-band satellite communication and gigahertz-bandwidth radio telescope.
Influence of Fat-Sugar Derived Surfactants on Phosphorus Absorption Through Leaf Surfaces1 (1969)

Abstract Fat-sugar derived surfactants were examined as to their effectiveness in the promotion of absorption of nutrient ions through leaf surfaces and subsequent translocation of these ions through the plant. The fat-sugar derived surfactants and several other commercial surfactants were added to solutions of P to test the effectiveness of the surfactants in promoting ion absorption and translocation. The surfactants in the nutrient sprays at a 0.5% concentration were generally more effective than at 0.1% or 1.0% concentration with the exception of Polyoxyethylenated Tallow Sucroglyceride (PTS) which had its greatest effect at a 1.0% concentration. Sucro sperses and Sucro sols with 3 fatty acid molecules per sucrose molecule were more effective in increasing P uptake and transport than formulations with 1.5 or 4.5 fatty acid molecules per sucrose molecule. A 40:1 ratio of ethylene oxide to sucrose was most effective for increase of P absorption. Combining PTS and Sucroglyceride T-110 (T-110) increased P absorption more than if either surfactants were used alone. Ratios of 1:3 or 3:1 respectively, were most effective. T-110 and Sucrose Monotallowate (SMT) did not significantly increase absorption of P at any concentration tested. PTS was effective in increasing nutrient ion uptake at a 1% concentration, but it was found to be somewhat phytotoxic at this level. The fat-sugar complexes used as surfactants increased ion uptake in some instances more than 20 times compared to using no surfactant. When these same surfactants were compared to commercially used surfactants, they generally proved to be superior for use with the foliar applied nutrients.
The genome of herpesvirus of turkeys: comparative analysis with Marek’s disease viruses (2001)

The complete coding sequence of the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) unique long (U(L)) region along with the internal repeat regions has been determined. This allows completion of the HVT nucleotide sequence by linkage to the sequence of the unique short (U(S)) region. The genome is approximately 160 kbp and shows extensive similarity in organization to the genomes of Marek's disease virus serotypes 1 and 2 (MDV-1, MDV-2) and other alphaherpesviruses. The HVT genome contains 75 ORFs, with three ORFs present in two copies. Sixty-seven ORFs were identified readily as homologues of other alphaherpesvirus genes. Seven of the remaining eight ORFs are homologous to genes in MDV, but are absent from other herpesviruses. These include a gene with similarity to cellular lipases. The final, HVT-unique gene is a virus homologue of the cellular NR-13 gene, the product of which belongs to the Bcl family of proteins that regulate apoptosis. No other herpesvirus sequenced to date contains a homologue of this gene. Of potential significance is the absence of a complete block of genes within the HVT internal repeat that is present in MDV-1. These include the pp38 and meq genes, which have been implicated in MDV-1-induced T-cell lymphoma. By implication, other genes present in this region of MDV-1, but missing in HVT, may play important roles in the different biological properties of the viruses.
Sequence Identity and Antigenic Cross-reactivity of White Face Hornet Venom Allergen, Also a Hyaluronidase, with Other Proteins (1995)

White face hornet (Dolichovespula maculata) venom has three known protein allergens which induce IgE response in susceptible people. They are antigen 5, phospholipase A1, and hyaluronidase, also known as Dol m 5, 1, and 2, respectively. We have cloned Dol m 2, a protein of 331 residues. When expressed in bacteria, a mixture of recombinant Dol m 2 and its fragments was obtained. The fragments were apparently generated by proteolysis of a Met-Met bond at residue 122, as they were not observed for a Dol m 2 mutant with a Leu-Met bond. Dol m 2 has 56% sequence identity with the honey bee venom allergen hyaluronidase and 27% identity with PH-20, a human sperm protein with hyaluronidase activity. A common feature of hornet venom allergens is their sequence identity with other proteins in our environment. We showed previously the sequence identity of Dol m 5 with a plant protein and a mammalian testis protein and of Dol m 1 with mammalian lipases. In BALB/c mice, Dol m 2 and bee hyaluronidase showed cross-reactivity at both antibody and T cell levels. These findings are relevant to some patients' multiple sensitivity to hornet and bee stings.
Isolation and Characterization of the β Antigen of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (1973)

The beta antigen of Neisseria gonorrhoeae has been isolated from the alkaline-extracted gonococcal endotoxin by ion exchange, molecular sieve, and powder block electrophoretic chromatography. Hemagglutination inhibition studies indicate that the preparation is essentially free of common enterobacterial and gonococcal alpha antigen. Analysis of the isolated antigen by immunodiffusion and acrylamide gel electrophoresis reveal only one detectable component. Chemical studies indicate that the antigen is an acidic glycoprotein composed primarily of four major amino acids: alanine, glutamic acid, glycine, and proline. The antigen has an s(20,w) of 8.55, and spectral analysis in the ultraviolet and visible range reveals a single absorption peak at 217 nm.
Introduction: Definition and Scope (2005)

The crusades were a startling and spectacular phenomenon which exerted a powerful influence on European development over a period of many centuries. Crusading was a many-faceted experience and much recent writing has been devoted to explaining how the remarkable notion of salvation by slaughter arose and to understanding the mentalities which gave rise to it. Out of this has arisen an exciting debate about the nature of crusading, between the 'pluralists', chiefly British and American, who argue that the crusade was essentially an arm of papal policy and others, mainly continental European, who argue for an organic connection between Jerusalem and the movement. This may currently be the dominant theme in writing about the crusades, but it is most certainly not the only one.
Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 Binds to Neuronal Vesicles through Protein Interactions Mediated by Its C-Terminal WD40 Domain (2014)

Mutations in the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 gene (LRRK2) are associated with familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is a complex protein that consists of multiple domains, including predicted C-terminal WD40 repeats. In this study, we analyzed functional and molecular features conferred by the WD40 domain. Electron microscopic analysis of the purified LRRK2 C-terminal domain revealed doughnut-shaped particles, providing experimental evidence for its WD40 fold. We demonstrate that LRRK2 WD40 binds and sequesters synaptic vesicles via interaction with vesicle-associated proteins. In fact, a domain-based pulldown approach combined with mass spectrometric analysis identified LRRK2 as being part of a highly specific protein network involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking. In addition, we found that a C-terminal sequence variant associated with an increased risk of developing PD, G2385R, correlates with a reduced binding affinity of LRRK2 WD40 to synaptic vesicles. Our data demonstrate a critical role of the WD40 domain within LRRK2 function.
THE POTENTIAL FOR RAPE- SEED OIL AND TALLOW ESTERS AS FUELS FOR COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES (1983)

Rape- seed oil and tallow esters were evaluated as potential diesel fuel substitutes from the national viewpoint. Rape- seed oil was considered unsatisfactory due to its high cost and the large area of land required for production of the desired quantity. Tallow however, being currently produced in large volumes as a by- product of the meat industry and exported, could be converted into esters at a total cost similar to the ex-refinery diesel price. An additional research programme is therefore warranted to assess such factors as long term engine performance; optimisation of the interesterification process; setting up of the necessary infrastructure, prior to the use of tallow esters being recommended. Cooperative research with other countries on triglyceride fuels is to be encouraged. The paper is No. 83014. (Author/TRRL)
Nuclear and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways of p53 (2001)

In contrast to p53-mediated cell cycle arrest, the mechanisms of p53-mediated apoptosis in response to cellular stresses such as DNA damage, hypoxia and oncogenic signals still remain poorly understood. Elucidating these pathways is all the more pressing since there is good evidence that the activation of apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest is crucial in p53 tumor suppression. Moreover, the therapeutic interest in p53 as the molecular target of anticancer intervention rests mainly on its powerful apoptotic capability. This puzzling elusiveness suggests that p53 not only engages a plethora of downstream pathways but itself might possess a biochemical flexibility that goes beyond its role as a mere transcription factor. Recent evidence of a direct pro-apoptotic role of p53 protein at mitochondria suggests a synergistic effect with its transcriptional activation function and brings an unexpected new level of complexity into p53 apoptotic pathways.