gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of CAR T cells in cancer therapy (2022)

Patient-derived T cells genetically reprogrammed to express CD19-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown remarkable clinical responses and are commercially available for the treatment of patients with certain advanced-stage B cell malignancies. Nonetheless, several trials have revealed pre-existing and/or treatment-induced immune responses to the mouse-derived single-chain variable fragments included in these constructs. These responses might have contributed to both treatment failure and the limited success of redosing strategies observed in some patients. Data from early phase clinical trials suggest that CAR T cells are also associated with immunogenicity-related events in patients with solid tumours. Generally, the clinical implications of anti-CAR immune responses are poorly understood and highly variable between different CAR constructs and malignancies. These observations highlight an urgent need to uncover the mechanisms of immunogenicity in patients receiving CAR T cells and develop validated assays to enable clinical detection. In this Review, we describe the current clinical evidence of anti-CAR immune responses and discuss how new CAR T cell technologies might impact the risk of immunogenicity. We then suggest ways to reduce the risks of anti-CAR immune responses to CAR T cell products that are advancing towards the clinic. Finally, we summarize measures that investigators could consider in order to systematically monitor and better comprehend the possible effects of immunogenicity during trials involving CAR T cells as well as in routine clinical practice.
Prevalence and Correlates of Fecal Incontinence in Community‐Dwelling Older Adults (2005)

In community-dwelling older adults, fecal incontinence is a common condition associated with chronic diarrhea, multiple health problems, and poor self-perceived health. Fecal incontinence should be included in the review of systems for older patients.
Cardiovascular Effects of Lignans Isolated from <i>Saururus chinensis</i> (2008)

Saururus chinensis has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of beriberi, hypertension, pneumonia, edema, jaundice and gonorrhea. However, there is only limited information on the cardiovascular effects of S. chinensis extract or its single compounds. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of active lignans isolated from the extract of S. chinensis on vascular responses and heart functions. The vasorelaxant activity-guided fractionation of roots extract of S. chinensis led to the isolation of eight lignans as active principles. These lignans produced concentration-dependent relaxations of the endothelium-intact aortic preparations of rat aorta. Particularly, saucerneol ( 1), saucerneol D ( 2) and machilin D ( 8) exhibited distinctive vasorelaxant activity (EC (50) values: 2.2, 12.7 and 17.8 microM, respectively), which were significantly inhibited by removal of functional endothelium or pretreatment with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Saucerneol ( 1) and saucerneol D ( 2) caused a significant decrease in left ventricular pressure, +dP/dt (max) and heart rate in isolated hearts. These results suggest that several lignans including saucerneol ( 1), saucerneol D ( 2) and machilin D ( 8), isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of S. chinensis, have significant cardiovascular effects such as vasorelaxant and negative inotropic actions.
Epitaxial Growth of Beta ‐ SiC on TiC x by Reactive Evaporation (1993)

A parametric growth study was performed to determine optimum conditions for epitaxial growth of on by reactive evaporation. The growth sources were E‐beam evaporated Si and acetylene. The polycrystalline to epitaxial growth transition temperature was determined to be about 1250°C, and the optimum epitaxial growth temperature was about 1400°C. All epilayers exhibited an n‐type carrier concentration of about , independent of growth conditions, due to the high concentration of nitrogen in the acetylene. The Ti concentration ([Ti]) at the epitaxial interface was graded, due to Ti diffusion during epitaxial growth. The as‐grown [Ti] profile at the interface was stable at 500°C. However, the [Ti] profile, ion implanted into a epilayer, changed appreciably at 500°C.
Analysis of Observational Studies in the Presence of Treatment Selection Bias (2007)

Estimates of the observational association of cardiac catheterization with long-term AMI mortality are highly sensitive to analytic method. All standard risk-adjustment methods have the same limitations regarding removal of unmeasured treatment selection biases. Compared with standard modeling, instrumental variable analysis may produce less biased estimates of treatment effects, but is more suited to answering policy questions than specific clinical questions.
Independent Component Analysis (ICA) and Method of Estimating Functions (2002)

,Independent component analysis (ICA) is anew method of extracting independent components from multivariate data. It can be applied to various fields such as vision and auditory signal analysis, communication systems, and biomedical and brain engineering. There have been proposed anumber of algorithms. The present article shows that most of them use estimating functions from the statistical point of view, and give aunified theory, based on information geometry, to elucidate the eciency and stability of the algorithms. This gives new ecient adaptive algorithms useful for various problems.
Predictable spin lock algorithms with preemption (2002)

Both predictable interprocessor synchronization and fast interrupt response are required for real-time systems constructed using asymmetric shared-memory multiprocessors. This paper points out the problem that conventional spin lock algorithms cannot satisfy both requirements at the same time. To solve this problem, we have proposed an algorithm which is an extension of queueing spin locks modified to be preemptable for servicing interrupts. We propose an improved algorithm that minimizes the recovering overhead from an interrupt service. We also demonstrate that the proposed algorithms have required properties through performance measurement.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Skin blood flow measurements during heat stress: technical and analytical considerations (2019)

During heat stress, the skin vasculature can greatly increase conductance secondary to vasodilation. The subsequent increase in skin blood flow allows for convective heat transfer from the core to the skin and between the skin surface and the surrounding environment. Measurement of skin blood flow, therefore, provides valuable information regarding heat exchange between the body and the environment. In addition, assessment of skin blood flow can be used to study vascular control mechanisms. Most often, skin blood flow is measured by venous occlusion plethysmography, Doppler ultrasound, laser-Doppler flowmetry, and, more recently, optical coherence tomography. However, important delimitations to each of these methods, which may be dependent on the research question, must be considered when responses from these approaches are interpreted. In this brief review, we discuss these methods of skin blood flow measurement and highlight potential sources of error and limitations. We also provide recommendations to guide the interpretation of skin blood flow data.
A Completely Automatic Public Physical test to tell Computers and Humans Apart: A way to enhance authentication schemes in mobile devices (2015)

Nowadays, data security is one of the most - if not the most important aspects in mobile applications, web and information systems in general. On one hand, this is a result of the vital role of mobile and web applications in our daily life. On the other hand, though, the huge, yet accelerating evolution of computers and software has led to more and more sophisticated forms of threats and attacks which jeopardize user's credentials and privacy. Today's computers are capable of automatically performing authentication attempts replaying recorded data. This fact has brought the challenge of access control to a whole new level, and has urged the researchers to develop new mechanisms in order to prevent software from performing automatic authentication attempts. In this research perspective, the Completely Automatic Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPTCHA) has been proposed and widely adopted. However, this mechanism consists of a cognitive intelligence test to reinforce traditional authentication against computerized attempts, thus it puts additional strain on the legitimate user too and, quite often, significantly slows the authentication process. In this paper, we introduce a Completely Automatic Public Physical test to tell Computers and Humans Apart (CAPPCHA) as a way to enhance PIN authentication scheme for mobile devices. This test does not introduce any additional cognitive strain on the user as it leverages only his physical nature. We prove that the scheme is even more secure than CAPTCHA and our experiments show that it is fast and easy for users.
What is craving? Models and implications for treatment. (1999)

Although many alcoholics experience craving, researchers have not yet developed a common, valid definition of the phenomenon. Numerous models of the mechanisms underlying craving have been suggested, however. One of those models--the neuroadaptive model--suggests that the prolonged presence of alcohol induces changes in brain-cell function. In the absence of alcohol, those changes cause an imbalance in brain activity that results in craving. Furthermore, the adaptive changes generate memories of alcohol's pleasant effects that can be activated when alcohol-related environmental stimuli are encountered, even after prolonged abstinence, thereby leading to relapse. Similarly, stressful situations may trigger memories of the relief afforded by alcohol, which could also lead to relapse. Neurobiological and brain-imaging studies have identified numerous brain chemicals and brain regions that may be involved in craving. Psychiatric conditions that affect some of these brain regions, such as depression or anxiety, also may influence craving. A better understanding and more reliable assessment of craving may help clinicians tailor treatment to the specific needs of each patient, thereby reducing the risk of relapse.
Stereospecific Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Cycloolefins Using Novel Molybdenum and Tungsten Complexes Having Biphenolate Ligands. Development of Crystalline Hydrogenated Poly(<i>e</i><i>ndo</i>-dicyclopentadiene) and Poly(norbornene) (2003)

Novel molybdenum- and tungsten-based catalysts induced stereospecific ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cycloolefins to produce a new class of crystalline polymers. Various monomeric molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) complexes of the general formula M(=O)(O−Ar)4 (M = Mo or W; (O−Ar)4 is two biphenolate or four phenolate ligands) were prepared. These catalysts exhibited moderate ROMP activity in the presence of cocatalyst such as n-BuLi and Et3Al. The molybdenum and tungsten complexes bearing substituted biphenolate ligands such as oxomolybdenum(VI) bis(racemic-5,5‘,6,6‘-tertamethyl-3,3‘-di-tert-butyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-2,2‘-diolate) promoted cis and isospecific ROMP of endo-dicyclopentadiene (cis > 90% and meso > 95%). The novel ternary and quarternary catalysts such as MoOCl4−biphenolate−n-BuLi (1:2:2) were developed as a new useful methodology to control the stereoselectivity of the ROMP. Hydrogenation of the cis-isotactic poly(endo-dicyclopentadiene)s and poly(norbornene)s provided novel crystalline polymers with high melting points (295 °C, ΔH = 50 J/g; 175 °C, ΔH = 60 J/g, respectively), which can be regarded as a new class of crystalline polymers.
Ueber Aldehyd‐Bisulfite und Hydrosulfite (1906)

Von den oben genannten Substanzen sind in letzter Zeit die bestandigen Verbinduogen der Hydrosulfite mit den Aldehyden nnd Ketonen fiir die Technik von W ichtigkeit geworden, haben andererseits aber auch zu neuen Erwaguugen iiber die Natur der Aldehyd-Bisulfite, sowie der Bisulfite und Hydrosulfite Anregung gegeben.Schon vor mehreren Jahren war H. B u c h e r e r ' ) , auf Grund seiner Untersuchuogen Bber die von ihrn entdeckten Schwefligsaure-Ester srornatischer Phenole2), dazu gelnngt, des Berhalten der Bisulfite in einer Reihe Ton Fallen durch die Annahme der hypothetischen Formel
Intrathecal 2-Chloroprocaine for Lower Limb Outpatient Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Clinical Evaluation (2006)

We evaluated the dose-response relationship of 2-chloroprocaine for lower limb outpatient procedure in 45 ASA physical status I-II outpatients undergoing elective lower limb surgery under spinal anesthesia, with 30 mg (group Chlor-30, n = 15), 40 mg (group Chlor-40, n = 15), or 50 mg (group Chlor-50, n = 15) of 1% preservative free 2-chloroprocaine. Onset time was similar in the three groups. General anesthesia was never required to complete surgery. Intraoperative analgesic supplementation as a result of insufficient duration of spinal block was required in 5 patients of group Chlor-30 (35%) and 2 patients of group Chlor-40 (13%) (P = 0.014), with a median (range) time for supplementation request of 40 (30-60) min. Spinal block resolution and recovery of ambulation were faster in group Chlor-30 (60 [41-98] min and 85 [45-123] min) than in groups Chlor-40 (85 [46-141] min and 180 [72-281] min) and Chlor-50 (97 [60-169] min and 185 [90-355] min) (P = 0.001 and P = 0.003, respectively), with no differences in home discharge time (182 [120-267] min in group Chlor-30, 198 [123-271] min in group Chlor-40, and 203 [102-394] min in group Chlor-50; P = 0.155). No transient neurologic symptoms were reported at 24-h and 7-day follow-up. We conclude that although 40 and 50 mg of 2-chloroprocaine provide adequate spinal anesthesia for outpatient procedures lasting 45-60 min, 30 mg produces a spinal block of insufficient duration.
Dopamine/Serotonin Receptor Ligands. 9. Oxygen-Containing Midsized Heterocyclic Ring Systems and Nonrigidized Analogues. A Step toward Dopamine D<sub>5</sub> Receptor Selectivity (2004)

Eleven-membered heterocycles (dibenz[g,j]-1-oxa-4-azacycloundecenes) and open-chain analogues were synthesized and investigated for affinities to human dopamine receptor subtypes. The moderately rigidized rings displayed nanomolar and subnanomolar Ki values at D1-like receptors with a significant D1 to D2 and a slight D5 to D1 selectivity. The open-chain analogues showed lower affinities but significant D1 to D2 selectivities. Compound 3 (Ki(D5) = 0.57 nmol) showed antagonistic or inverse agonistic binding characteristics in a functional Ca assay.
On some Latin morphological (ir)regularities (2012)

Two Latin irregular case-endings are well-attested in epigraphic sources: the 2nd-declension nominative\nplural in -eis and the 3rd-declension genitive singular in -us. Although inconsistent with Latin\nproductive inflectional patterns, these two forms can nevertheless be regarded as prototypicallystructured\nmorphological classes that are defined by ‘schemas’. Both the synchronic structure and the\ndiachronic development of these classes provide evidence for the existence of an organized storage\nthat is midway between rote-learning and rule processing, thus supporting a scalar view of morphological\n(ir)regularity.
Digital beam forming for tactical airborne radars (2002)

Digital Beam Forming Array (DBFA) architectures promise significant performance advantages over contemporary antenna architectures. We attempt here to identify and address certain issues that are key to a practical DBFA system. We will discuss our "visionary" ultra wideband DBFA which is a concept to work towards in the future, as a new generation of devices becomes available. We will also focus on nearer term concepts for high performance Tactical Airborne Radar applications that require very high dynamic range signals to detect small targets in large clutter. We will show some receiver trades, dynamic range considerations, and processor sizing, as well the conceptual near term DBFA.
A multiplier-free fixed-task digital CNN array for video segmentation system (2002)

In this paper an alternative approach is given for implementing a fixed template cellular nonlinear network processor. The new concept is based on calculations in the digital domain to achieve accuracy not easily available with analog circuitry. A particular task, namely a noise removal operation, is considered here. Simplifications to the integration update rule are introduced that make the hardware realization simple. Moreover, results are given where the number of iteration steps in the integration show the achieved accuracy in the processed image with different word lengths. The design of the processor cell is given in a block level and both the processing time and the size of the hardware realization of this topology are estimated.
Altered hapten recognition by two anti-digoxin hybridoma variants due to variable region point mutations (1991)

Two spontaneous variants of the murine anti-digoxin antibody-producing hybridoma cell line 26-10 were isolated by two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting on the basis of altered hapten binding. The variable region sequences of the antibodies produced by the mutant lines revealed that each contains a single amino acid change in the heavy chain second complementarity determining region. A Tyr to His change at position 50 leads to a 40-fold reduction in affinity for digoxin. A Ser to Phe mutation at position 52 results in a 300-fold reduction in affinity for digoxin. A competition assay involving 33 digoxin analogues was used to examine the specificity of hapten binding of 26-10 and the two mutant antibodies. The position 50 mutant has a distinct specificity change; it exhibits a preference for digoxin congeners containing a hydroxyl group at the steroid 12 position, whereas the 26-10 parent does not. The affinities of all three antibodies for hapten are progressively lowered by substitutions of increasing size at the digoxin steroid D ring 16 position. Although 26-10 binds digoxin and its genin form equally, 12 and 16 steroid position substitutions which lower affinity also confer a preference for a sugar at the steroid 3 position. These results suggest that position 50 contributes to specificity of the antibody and that alterations of the hapten can lead to differences in recognition, possibly through a shift in hapten orientation within the binding site.
Photoresponsive crown ethers. 4. Influence of alkali metal cations on photoisomerization and thermal isomerization of azobis(benzocrown ethers) (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoresponsive crown ethers. 4. Influence of alkali metal cations on photoisomerization and thermal isomerization of azobis(benzocrown ethers)Seiji Shinkai, Toshiyuki Ogawa, Yumiko Kusano, Osamu Manabe, Kiyoshi Kikukawa, Tokio Goto, and Tsutomu MatsudaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 7, 1960–1967Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00371a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00371a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views774Altmetric-Citations121LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
I-POMDP: An infomax model of eye movement (2008)

Modeling eye-movements during search is important for building intelligent robotic vision systems, and for understanding how humans select relevant information and structure behavior in real time. Previous models of visual search (VS) rely on the idea of ldquosaliency mapsrdquo which indicate likely locations for targets of interest. In these models the eyes move to locations with maximum saliency. This approach has several drawbacks: (1) It assumes that oculomotor control is a greedy process, i.e., every eye movement is planned as if no further eye movements would be possible after it. (2) It does not account for temporal dynamics and how information is integrated as over time. (3) It does not provide a formal basis to understand how optimal search should vary as a function of the operating characteristics of the visual system. To address these limitations, we reformulate the problem of VS as an Information-gathering Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (I-POMDP). We find that the optimal control law depends heavily on the Foveal-Peripheral Operating Characteristic (FPOC) of the visual system.
Characterization of Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slags and Fly Ashes and Their Hydration in Portland Cement Blends (1990)

Abstract Chemical analysis, glass content, particle size distribution, heat evolution rate and total heat evolved, scanning electron micrographs and strength development have been studied for three granulated blast furnace slags of different origin and two fly ashes of low and high CaO content. At all ages heat evolution rates and total heat evolved by the fly ashes are lower than the corresponding values for the granulated blast furnace slags, regardless of their origin. In the blends studied, high-lime-content fly ash develops higher compressive strengths than low-lime fly ash above the 25% portland cement replacement level. The results of the study indicate that 50% portland cement replacement by the high-lime-content fly ash used may provide an acceptable compromise to obtain concrete with high compressive strength and low heat of hydration.
Practical super-resolution from dynamic video sequences (2003)

This paper introduces a practical approach for superresolution, the process of reconstructing a high-resolution image from the low-resolution input ones. The emphasis of our work is to super-resolve frames from dynamic video sequences, which may contain significant object occlusion or scene changes. As the quality of super-resolved images highly relies on the correctness of image alignment between consecutive frames, we employ the robust optical flow method to accurately estimate motion between the image pair. An efficient and reliable scheme is designed to detect and discard incorrect matchings, which may degrade the output quality. We also introduce the usage of elliptical weighted average (EWA) filter to model the spatially variant point spread function (PSF) of acquisition system in order to improve accuracy of the model. A number of complex and dynamic video sequences are tested to demonstrate the applicability and reliability of our algorithm.