gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on Domain Formation of the A-B-Type Block Copolymer from Its Solutions. Ternary Polymer Blend of the Styrene-Isoprene Block Colopymer with Polystyrene and Polyisoprene (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on Domain Formation of the A-B-Type Block Copolymer from Its Solutions. Ternary Polymer Blend of the Styrene-Isoprene Block Colopymer with Polystyrene and PolyisopreneTakashi Inoue, Toshiichi Soen, Takeji Hashimoto, and Hiromichi KawaiCite this: Macromolecules 1970, 3, 1, 87–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60013a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60013a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1000Altmetric-Citations162LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Distributed Control of Coordinated Path Tracking for Networked Nonholonomic Mobile Vehicles (2012)

This paper addresses the problem of coordinated path tracking for networked nonholonomic mobile vehicles, while building and keeping a desired formation. The control laws proposed are categorized into two envelopes by integrating individual path tracking and global virtual structure approaches. One is steering individual vehicles to track virtual vehicles moving along predefined paths, generated by a formation reference vehicle (FRV) of a time-varying desired virtual structure. The other is ensuring paths to be well tracked in order to build a geometric formation, through the distributed feedback law for path parameters related to the virtual vehicles, such that the physical vehicles are on the desired placements of the formation structure. Within this framework, geometric path tracking is achieved via nonlinear control theory, where an approaching angle is injected as a heading guidance design. The distributed feedback law is analyzed under communication constraints using algebraic graph theory. It is formally shown that the path tracking error of each vehicle is reduced to zero, and vehicles in the networked team globally asymptotically converge to a desired formation with equal path parameters. Simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control design.
Control of liquid crystal pretilt angle by anchoring competition of the stacked alignment layers (2009)

We proposed a method to control the pretilt angle of liquid crystals by stacking of a vertical alignment layer on a planar alignment layer. The pretilt angle can be controlled over the full range (0°–90°) depending on the thickness of the vertical alignment layer. We also proposed a numerical model to describe the physical mechanism based on the anchoring competition between liquid crystal, planar, and vertical polyimide alignment layers.
Pathway and Stability of Protein Folding (1994)

Conference Article| May 01 1994 Pathway and Stability of Protein Folding Alan R. Fersht Alan R. Fersht 1Cambridge Centre for Protein Engineering, Cambridge University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge CB2 IEW, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (2): 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220267 Article history Received: January 19 1994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation Alan R. Fersht; Pathway and Stability of Protein Folding. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1994; 22 (2): 267–273. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0220267 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: D, 2H; ΔGunf, free energy of unfolding, TFE, trifluoroethanol This content is only available as a PDF. © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Structure and Function of PICK1 (2006)

PICK1 is a peripheral membrane protein conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to the human. It is expressed in many tissues with high levels in brain and testis. Inside cells, PICK1 is localized at the perinuclear region as well as specialized structures such as synapses of neurons. PICK1 contains a PDZ domain and a BAR domain. The PDZ domain of PICK1 binds to a large number of membrane proteins, especially proteins with C-terminal type II PDZ-binding motifs. The BAR domain of PICK1 binds to lipid molecules, mainly phosphoinositides. While the PDZ domain and the linker region of PICK1 enhance BAR domain's lipid binding, the C-terminal region of PICK1 inhibits its lipid binding. PICK1 regulates the subcellular localization and surface expression of its PDZ-binding partners. Lipid binding of PICK1's BAR domain is important for this regulation. With its PDZ domain interacting with membrane proteins and its BAR domain binding to lipids, the unique structure of PICK1 enables it to couple membrane proteins to protein-trafficking machinery.
Design and Synthesis of a Novel and Potent Series of Inhibitors of Cytosolic Phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> Based on a 1,3-Disubstituted Propan-2-one Skeleton (2002)

Using knowledge of the substrate specificity of cPLA(2) (phospholipases A(2)), a novel series of inhibitors of this enzyme were designed based upon a three point model of inhibitor binding to the enzyme active site comprising a lipophilic anchor, an electrophilic serine "trap", and an acidic binding moiety. The resulting 1,3-diheteroatom-substituted propan-2-ones were evaluated as inhibitors of cPLA(2) in both aggregated bilayer and soluble substrate assays. Systematic variation of the lipophilic, electrophilic, and acidic groups revealed a well-defined structure-activity relationship against the enzyme. Optimization of each group led to compound 22 (AR-C70484XX), which contains a decyloxy lipophilic side chain, a 1,3-diaryloxypropan-2-one moiety as a unique serine trap, and a benzoic acid as the acidic binding group. AR-C70484XX was found to be among the most potent in vitro inhibitors of cPLA(2) described to date being more than 20-fold more active against the isolated enzyme (IC(50) = 0.03 microM) than the standard cPLA(2) inhibitor, arachidonyl trifluoromethyl ketone (AACOCF(3)), and also greater than 10-fold more active than AACOCF(3) against the cellular production of arachidonic acid by HL60 cells (IC(50) = 2.8 microM).
Rhabdoviruses and the Cellular Ubiquitin-Proteasome System: a Budding Interaction (2001)

The matrix (M) proteins of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rabies virus (RV) play a key role in both assembly and budding of progeny virions. A PPPY motif (PY motif or late-budding domain) is conserved in the M proteins of VSV and RV. These PY motifs are important for virus budding and for mediating interactions with specific cellular proteins containing WW domains. The PY motif and flanking sequences of the M protein of VSV were used as bait to screen a mouse embryo cDNA library for cellular interactors. The mouse Nedd4 protein, a membrane-localized ubiquitin ligase containing multiple WW domains, was identified from this screen. Ubiquitin ligase Rsp5, the yeast homolog of Nedd4, was able to interact both physically and functionally with full-length VSV M protein in a PY-dependent manner. Indeed, the VSV M protein was multiubiquitinated by Rsp5 in an in vitro ubiquitination assay. To demonstrate further that ubiquitin may be involved in the budding process of rhabdoviruses, proteasome inhibitors (e.g., MG132) were used to decrease the level of free ubiquitin in VSV- and RV-infected cells. Viral titers measured from MG132-treated cells were reproducibly 10- to 20-fold lower than those measured from untreated control cells, suggesting that free ubiquitin is important for efficient virus budding. Last, release of a VSV PY mutant was not inhibited in the presence of MG132, signifying that the functional L domain of VSV is required for the inhibitory effect exhibited by MG132. These data suggest that the cellular ubiquitin-proteasome machinery is involved in the budding process of VSV and RV.
Le problème anthropologique malgache. Nouvelles observations chez les Māhaf'aly du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar (1939)

David R. Le problème anthropologique malgache. Nouvelles observations chez les Māhaf'aly du Sud-Ouest de Madagascar. In: Journal de la Société des Africanistes, 1939, tome 9, fascicule 2. pp. 119-152.
Efficient harmonic balance simulation using multi-level frequency decomposition (2005)

Efficient harmonic balance (HB) simulation provides a useful tool for the design of RF and microwave integrated circuits. For practical circuits that can contain strong nonlinearities, however, HB problems cannot be solved reliably or efficiently using conventional techniques. Various preconditioning techniques have been proposed to facilitate a robust and efficient analysis based on Krylov subspace linear solvers. In This work we introduce a multi-level frequency domain preconditioner based on a hierarchical frequency decomposition approach. At each Newton iteration, we recursively solve a set of smaller problems to provide an effective preconditioner for the large linearized HB problem. Compared to the standard single-level block diagonal preconditioner, our experiments indicate that our approach provides a more robust, memory efficient solution while offering a 2-9/spl times/ speedup for several strongly nonlinear HB problems in our experiments.
Platelet-derived growth factor-induced c-myc RNA expression. Analysis of an inducible pathway independent of protein kinase C. (1988)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is generally considered to stimulate phosphoinositide turnover resulting in activation of protein kinase C and increased cytoplasmic [Ca2+]. We have examined the role of these secondary effects in regulation of c-myc mRNA accumulation in the MG-63 human osteogenic sarcoma line. Treatment of quiescent cells with 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) to down-regulate protein kinase C inhibited TPA-stimulated c-myc expression but did not affect the PDGF-modulated process. When cytoplasmic [Ca2+] was increased by addition of a Ca2+ ionophore (A23187 or ionomycin), no stimulation of c-myc RNA was seen; furthermore, these agents did not enhance the PDGF-modulated c-myc expression. Addition of EGTA to cultures treated with both PDGF and a Ca2+ ionophore did not inhibit c-myc induction but rather caused a superinduction of c-myc RNA accumulation. Superinduction occurred only if the [EGTA] was greater than [Ca2+] in the medium. This superinduction was distinct from the increased induction caused by inhibition of protein synthesis. Because PDGF-induced c-myc expression is independent of protein kinase C and increased cytoplasmic [Ca2+], the evidence suggests that PDGF modulates c-myc RNA accumulation in MG-63 cells via a novel pathway, seemingly uncoupled from the classic action of increased phosphoinositide metabolism.
Surface depletion effects in semiconducting nanowires (2008)

The impact of surface depletion on the electronic properties of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is explored both theoretically and experimentally. The impact of dopant concentration, surface barrier height, and NW radius on surface depletion and extracted material properties are determined by solving Poisson’s equation for the cylindrical system. The theoretical results reveal a size-dependent systematic error in carrier concentration extraction, which is verified through experiment. Interrogation of GaN NWs with radii from 15 to 70 nm exposed an error that reaches over an order of magnitude for the samples studied. These data compared favorably to an analytical treatment assuming physically reasonable material properties. While this manuscript focuses on GaN, the systematic error discussed will be present for any semiconducting NW, which exhibits surface band bending and therefore influences the behavior and characterization of a wide range of semiconducting nanoelements.
Laser Induced Thermal Keratoplasty (1989)

A technique of corneal surgery that is thermally induced and relatively nonenvasive has been studied by the authors, and the preliminary results of the thermal keratoplasty performed on live rabbits are reported here. A carbon dioxide laser was used with simple optical and pointing systems to thermally induce several arbitrary patterns of corneal reformation. Endothelial photographs were taken before the procedure and then again ten days after. They indicated no damage in the Descemet's membrane nor was there damage observed to the endothelium. As much, as 14 diopters of change occurred in the corneal keratometry with both positive and negative directions signs. The magnitude and direction of the change were recorded as functions of the pattern of the therapy produced and the laser energy deposited in the stroma. Any corneal reformation was tracked as a function of time subsequent to the procedure. A-minor decay was observed within the first three days of the procedure and the majority of the reformations have maintained at the time of this writing. Since radiation at this wavelength is highly attenuated and absorbed in cornea, no change was observed beyond mid-stroma and the lens and retina appeared uneffective. The authors believe that this technology will be a significant contributor to corneal refractive procedures in the near future. Unlike any refractive surgery currently practiced, this technology may lead to a procedure that: 1) is reversible, 2) is re.eatable, 3) stren thens rather then weakens the cornea, 4) is a..arentl more stable, 5) is more flexible in the types of corneal curvature changes it can produce, 6) results in very clean mires, 7) is painless, and 8) results in total corneal clarity.
Studies of Lymphocyte Reconstitution in a Humanized Mouse Model Reveal a Requirement of T Cells for Human B Cell Maturation (2013)

The hematopoietic humanized mouse (hu-mouse) model is a powerful resource to study and manipulate the human immune system. However, a major and recurrent issue with this model has been the poor maturation of B cells that fail to progress beyond the transitional B cell stage. Of interest, a similar problem has been reported in transplant patients who receive cord blood stem cells. In this study, we characterize the development of human B and T cells in the lymph nodes (LNs) and spleen of BALB/c-Rag2(null)Il2rγ(null) hu-mice. We find a dominant population of immature B cells in the blood and spleen early, followed by a population of human T cells, coincident with the detection of LNs. Notably, in older mice we observe a major population of mature B cells in LNs and in the spleens of mice with higher T cell frequencies. Moreover, we demonstrate that T cells are necessary for B cell maturation, as introduction of autologous human T cells expedites the appearance of mature B cells, whereas in vivo depletion of T cells retards B cell maturation. The presence of the mature B cell population correlates with enhanced IgG and Ag-specific responses to both T cell-dependent and T cell-independent challenges, indicating their functionality. These findings enhance our understanding of human B cell development, provide increased details of the reconstitution dynamics of hu-mice, and validate the use of this animal model to study mechanisms and treatments for the similar delay of functional B cells associated with cord blood transplantations.
Combined analysis of the essential oil of <i>Chenopodium ambrosioides</i> by GC, GC‐MS and <sup>13</sup>C‐NMR spectroscopy: quantitative determination of ascaridole, a heat‐sensitive compound (2004)

A commercial sample of the essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Madagascar was analysed by GC, GC-MS and 13C-NMR. By GC analysis, the major constituents were found to be ascaridole (1) (41.8%), isoascaridole (2) (18.1%), p-cymene (16.2%), alpha-terpinene (9.7%) and limonene (3.8%). However, ascaridole undergoes a partial thermal isomerisation to 2 and hence the amount of 1 is under-estimated by GC analysis. The actual contents of 1 and 2 (55.3 and 4.6%, respectively) were obtained following combined analysis of the sample by GC and 13C-NMR. Several hydroxy- and polyhydroxy-menthanes were identified by 13C-NMR.
A strategy for cancer prevention: Stimulation of the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway (2004)

Many genes, with products involved in the protection of cells against carcinogens, oxidants, and other toxic chemicals, are under the transcriptional control of a simple DNA regulatory element [i.e., the antioxidant response element (ARE)]. One or more functional AREs have been confirmed or are believed to exist in the upstream region of many anticarcinogenic/antioxidant genes and have been shown to mediate the coordinate transcriptional up-regulation of these genes by many chemical agents [i.e., the ARE-mediated inducers]. There is strong evidence that increased expression of ARE-regulated genes inhibits cancer development. The signaling system leading to ARE activation has been partly elucidated, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) has been identified as the key transcriptional factor that serves to transmit the inducer signal to ARE. It is now known that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2, which is normally sequestered in the cytoplasm by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, dissociates from Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 on exposure to ARE-mediated inducers, translocates to the nucleus, complexes with other nuclear factors, and binds to ARE. Rapid and simple assays have been devised to identify chemical agents that can stimulate this signaling pathway. Moreover, many ARE-mediated inducers have been identified, and several of them have shown promising cancer preventive activity.
Tyrosinase reaction/chitosan adsorption for selectively removing phenols from aqueous mixtures (1992)

The goal of this work was to explore the technical feasibility of an enzymatic approach as an alternative to traditional approaches for phenol separations. Specifically, we examined a two-step approach to selectively remove phenols from mixtures containing nonphenolic isomers. Our model solutes, of molecular formula C(7)H(8)O, were the phenol, cresol; the alkyl aryl ether, anisol; and the alcohol, benzyl alcohol. The first step is this two-step approach employed the enzyme mushroom tyrosinase to selectively convert the phenolic, presumably to an o-quinone product. The tyrosinase was specific for the phenol and was not observed to react with either the ether or the alcohol. The second step of this two-step approach employed a sorbent of an appropriate surface chemistry to bind the products of the tyrosinase-catalysed reaction of phenols. The sorbent used for this study was chitosan. Chitosan was observed to be unable to adsorb either nonphenol and was unable to adsorb unreacted cresol. However, Chittosan effectively adsorbs UV-absorbing reaction products of the tyrosinase-catalysed reaction of phenols. When mixtures of cresol and either anasol or benzyl alcohol were studied, the two-step approach was effective for completely removing the phenolic without loss of either the ether or alcohol or the ether (i.e., phenols were removed with high separation factors).
Photolabelling of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> LT2 sialidase. Identification of a peptide with a predicted structural similarity to the active sites of influenza-virus sialidases (1992)

The sialidase from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 was characterized by using photoaffinity-labelling techniques. The well-known sialidase inhibitor 5-acetamido-2,6-anhydro-3,5-dideoxy-D-glycero-D-galacto-non- 2-enonic acid (Neu5Ac2en) was modified to contain an amino group at C-9, which permitted the incorporation of 4-azidosalicylic acid in amide linkage at this position. Labelling of the purified protein with the radioactive (125I) photoprobe was determined to be highly specific for a region within the active-site cavity. This conclusion was based on the observation that the competitive inhibitor Neu5Ac2en in the photolysis mixture prevented labelling of the protein. In contrast, compounds with structural and chemical features similar to the probe and Neu5Ac2en, but which were not competitive enzyme inhibitors, did not affect the photolabelling of the protein. The peptide interacting with the probe was identified by CNBr treatment of the labelled protein, followed by N-terminal sequence analysis. Inspection of the primary structure of the protein, predicted from the cloned structural gene for the sialidase [Hoyer, Hamilton, Steenbergen & Vimr (1992) Mol. Microbiol. 6, 873-884] revealed that the label was incorporated into a 9.6 kDa fragment situated within the terminal third of the molecule near the C-terminal end. Secondary-structural predictions using the Garnier-Robson algorithm [Garnier, Osguthorpe & Robson (1978) J. Mol. Biol. 120, 97-120] of the labelled peptide revealed a structural similarity to the active site of influenza-A- and Sendai-HN-virus sialidases with a repetitive series of alternating beta-sheets connected with loops.
Recent Advances in Skin Chemical Sensors (2019)

This review summarizes the latest developments in the field of skin chemical sensors, in particular wearable ones. Five major applications are covered in the present work: (i) sweat analysis, (ii) skin hydration, (iii) skin wounds, (iv) perspiration of volatile organic compounds, and (v) general skin conditions. For each application, the detection of the most relevant analytes is described in terms of transduction principles and sensor performances. Special attention is paid to the biological fluid collection and storage and devices are also analyzed in terms of reusability and lifetime. This review highlights the existing gaps between current performances and those needed to promote effective commercialization of sensors; future developments are also proposed.
Music copyright management by audio separation method on content distribution (2003)

With the increasing use of low-cost, high performance digital video cameras, hardware and broadband networks, it has become easier to create and distribute multimedia content personally. However, content distribution using a personal library (music, image, logo, etc.) may violate content holder's right. As a solution to this problem, we propose a new approach for music copyright protection on content distribution. The basic idea of this approach is to use audio separation techniques using a reference music source which is included in multimedia content. The algorithm uses transfer function estimation between actual output and the reference music source output signal. The benefits of this approach are: (1) simplicity in implementation; (2) low processing load; and (3) application flexibility in various acoustic fields. We also evaluate several results in various situations by this system.