gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
State of the art in pattern recognition (1968)

This paper reviews statistical, adaptive, and heuristic techniques used in laboratory investigations of pattern recognition problems. The discussion includes correlation methods, discriminant analysis, maximum likelihood decisions minimax techniques, perceptron-like algorithms, feature extraction, preprocessing, clustering and nonsupervised learning. Two-dimensional distributions are used to illustrate the properties of the various procedures. Several experimental projects, representative of prospective applications, are also described.
Pigmented Photoresist for Black Matrix. (1996)

A negative resist system composed of a phenolic resin, an azide, a crosslinker and a pigment dispersion has been developed for black matrix formation of color filters (CF). The novel pigmented photoresist (PPR), which consists of poly(4-hydroxystyrene), hexamethoxymethyl melamine, 4, 4′-diazidostilbene-2, 2′-disulfonic-N, N-diethyleneoxyethylamide and a dispersion of carbon black combines superior opacity (OD=3.5μm-1), adequate resistance to solvents, acids and alkalis, good thermal stability, and film uniformity with excellent lithographic performance, such as high sensitivity (120mJ/cm2), high resolution (≤_10μm) and wide process margins. The investigation of the dissolution behavior of the film via backside exposure and the reaction ratio of the azide indicates that the pattern formation mechanism occurs mainly via insolublilization of the resist surface in the exposed areas and subsequent etching of the resist layer by the alkaline developer.
Electrocatalytic Properties of Thin Mesoporous Platinum Films Synthesized Utilizing Potential‐Controlled Surfactant Assembly (2003)

A new electrochemical strategy has been developed for the production of mesoporous Pt films (see Figure). The method utilizes only a thin interfacial region of surfactant–inorganic assemblies formed on the working electrode to produce nanostructured films. The resulting films possess high surface areas that lead to enhanced electrocatalytic properties toward methanol oxidation compared to those of non‐mesoporous Pt films.
한국의 개고기 식용의 역사와 문화 (1999)

개고기는 한국을 비롯한 중국, 일본, 프랑스, 벨기에, 독일, 필리핀, 베트남, 북미나 아프리카의 토인들, 미국 인디언, 카나다 원주민과 알래스카 원주민들이 식용하였다. 한국에서는 삼국시대부터 식용하여 온 오랜 역사가 있다. 그래서 개와 개고기 식용에 관련된 수많은 언어, 속담, 풍속이 있다. 오랜 역사 속에서 개고기 식용에 대한 수많은 기록과 요리 방법이 있다. 그러나 현재는 보신탕, 수육, 전골, 두루치기, 무침, 개소주 등의 요리만 남아 있다. 한국에서는 전통적 풍속에 따라 여름 복날 모두 개고기를 먹는다. 또, 충남의 부여, 서천, 보령, 청양 지방과 그에 접한 공주, 익산, 논산 일부에서는 장례, 회갑, 생일 등의 집안 행사에 개를 잡아서 손님을 접대하는 풍속이 있고, 이 범위는 점점 확대되고 있다. 이곳은 과거 백제의 중심지역이었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 외국인들이 한국의 개고기 음식문화를 비판하는 것은 부당하고, 월권적인 행위이다.
MicroRNA and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype: new therapy for atherosclerosis? (2009)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression via degradation or translational inhibition of their target mRNAs. Recent studies have identified that miR-145 is the most abundant miRNA in normal arteries and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and its expression is significantly downregulated in dediffer-entiated VSMCs and atherosclerotic arteries. miR-145 plays a critical role in modulating VSMC phenotype. Because phenotypic modulation of VSMCs is an initial cellular event in the development of atherosclerosis, miRNAs, and miR-145 in particular, may represent new therapeutic targets for atherosclerosis.
Bayesian Sets (2005)

Inspired by Sets, we consider the problem of retrieving items from a concept or cluster, given a query consisting of a few items from that cluster. We formulate this as a Bayesian inference problem and describe a very simple algorithm for solving it. Our algorithm uses a model-based concept of a cluster and ranks items using a score which evaluates the marginal probability that each item belongs to a cluster containing the query items. For exponential family models with conjugate priors this marginal probability is a simple function of sufficient statistics. We focus on sparse binary data and show that our score can be evaluated exactly using a single sparse matrix multiplication, making it possible to apply our algorithm to very large datasets. We evaluate our algorithm on three datasets: retrieving movies from EachMovie, finding completions of author sets from the NIPS dataset, and finding completions of sets of words appearing in the Grolier encyclopedia. We compare to Google™ Sets and show that Bayesian Sets gives very reasonable set completions.
Role-based control of shared application views (2005)

Collaboration often relies on all group members having a shared view of a single-user application. A common situation is a single active presenter sharing a live view of her workstation screen with a passive audience, using simple hardware-based video signal projection onto a large screen or simple bitmap-based sharing protocols. This offers simplicity and some advantages over more sophisticated software-based replication solutions, but everyone has the exact same view of the application. This conflicts with the presenter's need to keep some information and interaction details private. It also fails to recognize the needs of the passive audience, who may struggle to follow the presentation because of verbosity, display clutter or insufficient familiarity with the application.Views that cater to the different roles of the presenter and the audience can be provided by custom solutions, but these tend to be bound to a particular application. In this paper we describe a general technique and implementation details of a prototype system that allows standardized role-specific views of existing single-user applications and permits additional customization that is application-specific with no change to the application source code. Role-based policies control manipulation and display of shared windows and image buffers produced by the application, providing semi-automated privacy protection and relaxed verbosity to meet both presenter and audience needs.
Materials issues in silicon integrated circuit processing (1986)

The symposium on ''Materials Issues in Integrated Circuit Processing'' sought to bring together all of the materials issued pertinent to modern integrated circuit processing. The inherent properties of the materials are becoming an important concern in integrated circuit manufacturing and accordingly research in materials science is vital for the successful implementation of modern integrated circuit technology. The session on Silicon Materials Science revealed the advanced stage of knowledge which topics such as point defects, intrinsic and extrinsic gettering and diffusion kinetics have achieved. Adaption of this knowledge to specific integrated circuit processing technologies is beginning to be addressed. The session on Epitaxy included invited papers on epitaxial insulators and IR detectors. Heteroepitaxy on silicon is receiving great attention and the results presented in this session suggest that 3-d integrated structures are an increasingly realistic possibility. Progress in low temperature silicon epitaxy and epitaxy of thin films with abrupt interfaces was also reported. Diffusion and Ion Implantation were well presented. Regrowth of implant-damaged layers and the nature of the defects which remain after regrowth were discussed in no less than seven papers. Substantial progress was also reported in the understanding of amorphising boron implants and the use of gallium implants formore » the formation of shallow p/sup +/ -layers.« less
Estimation of cost comparison of lithography technologies at the 22-nm half-pitch node (2009)

The cost of ownership (CoO) of candidate technologies for 22 nm half-pitch lithography is calculated. To more accurately compare technologies with different numbers of process steps, a model that includes deposition, etching, metrology, and other costs is created. For 22 nm half-pitch nodes, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) has a significant cost advantage over other technologies under certain mask cost assumptions. Double patterning, however, may be competitive under worst-case EUVL mask cost assumptions. Sensitivity studies of EUVL CoO to throughput and uptime show EUVL may be cost-competitive at lower uptime and throughput conditions. Finally, calculation of the CoO of 450 mm lithography shows that the expected cost reduction is between 0% and 15%.
Generating Natural Language Summaries for Multimedia (2012)

In this paper we introduce an automatic system that generates textual summaries of Internet-style video clips by first identifying suitable high-level descriptive features that have been detected in the video (e.g. visual concepts, recognized speech, actions, objects, persons, etc.). Then a natural language generator is constructed using SimpleNLG to compile the high-level features into a textual form. The generated summary contains information from both visual and acoustic sources, intending to give a general review and summary of the video. To reduce the complexity of the task, we restrict ourselves to work with videos that show a limited number of “events”. In this demo paper, we describe the design of the system and present example outputs generated by the video summarization system. 1
Nuclear Localization Signal Peptides Enhance Cationic Liposome-Mediated Gene Therapy (1998)

The use of genes as therapeutic drugs will likely involve non-viral delivery systems. While traditionally less effective for gene expression, the advantages of a non-viral delivery system include ease of production, lower toxicity, and no risk of infection. However, most non-viral systems do not incorporate a mechanism for gene transport into the nucleus. Nuclear localization signal peptides can combine the increased expression of viral delivery systems with the safety and ease of preparation of non-viral delivery systems. A novel non-viral delivery vehicle consisting of a conglomerate of a synthetic nuclear localization signal peptide derived from the SV40 virus, a luciferase encoding PGL3 plasmid, and a cationic lipid DOTAP:DOPE (1:1 w/w) liposome was transfected into SKnSH mammalian neuroblastoma cells. A three-fold increase in luciferase expression was seen with the delivery system containing a NLS peptide over cationic liposome controls. Examination of the factors that limit the rate of transgene expression can potentially lead to the discovery of new ways to improve the efficiency and efficacy of nonviral methods of gene therapy.
RE: Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acids and Prostate Cancer Risk in the SELECT Trial (2014)

) and Azordegan et al. (3) both provide evidence that in precancerous tissues early changes in fatty acid metabolism (eg, increases in the activity of delta-6-desaturase [D6D]) could increase tissue (and possibly plasma) levels of long-chain n-3 fatty acids. Hence, it is possible that metabolic changes (eg, upregulation of D5D and D6D, which produce long-chain from short-chain omega-3 fatty acids) associated with the carcinogenic process could have raised omega-3 levels. Second, higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are also observed in indi
Expert system applications in support of system diagnostics and prognostics at EBR-II (1989)

Expert systems have been developed to aid in the monitoring and diagnostics of the Experimental Breeder Reactor-II (EBR-II) at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) in Idaho Falls, Idaho. Systems have been developed for failed fuel surveillance and diagnostics and reactor coolant pump monitoring and diagnostics. A third project is being done jointly by ANL-W and EG G Idaho to develop a transient analysis system to enhance overall plant diagnostic and prognostic capability. The failed fuel surveillance and diagnosis system monitors, processes, and interprets information from nine key plant sensors. It displays to the reactor operator diagnostic information needed to make proper decisions regarding technical specification conformance during reactor operation with failed fuel. 8 refs., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Unsupervised corpus–wide claim detection (2017)

Automatic claim detection is a fundamental argument mining task that aims to automatically mine claims regarding a topic of consideration. Previous works on mining argumentative content have assumed that a set of relevant documents is given in advance. Here, we present a first corpuswide claim detection framework, that can be directly applied to massive corpora. Using simple and intuitive empirical observations, we derive a claim sentence query by which we are able to directly retrieve sentences in which the prior probability to include topic-relevant claims is greatly enhanced. Next, we employ simple heuristics to rank the sentences, leading to an unsupervised corpus-wide claim detection system, with precision that outperforms previously reported results on the task of claim detection given relevant documents and labeled data.
Cytoplasmic Dynein (<i>ddlc1</i>) Mutations Cause Morphogenetic Defects and Apoptotic Cell Death in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (1996)

We report the molecular and genetic characterization of the cytoplasmic dynein light-chain gene, ddlc1, from Drosophila melanogaster. ddlc1 encodes the first cytoplasmic dynein light chain identified, and its genetic analysis represents the first in vivo characterization of cytoplasmic dynein function in higher eucaryotes. The ddlc1 gene maps to 4E1-2 and encodes an 89-amino-acid polypeptide with a high similarity to the axonemal 8-kDa outer-arm dynein light chain from Chlamydomonas flagella. Developmental Northern (RNA) blot analysis and ovary and embryo RNA in situ hybridizations indicate that the ddlc1 gene is expressed ubiquitously. Anti-DDLC1 antibody analyses show that the DDLC1 protein is localized in the cytoplasm. P-element-induced partial-loss-of-function mutations cause pleiotropic morphogenetic defects in bristle and wing development, as well as in oogenesis, and hence result in female sterility. The morphological abnormalities found in the ovaries are always associated with a loss of cellular shape and structure, as visualized by a disorganization of the actin cytoskeleton. Total-loss-of-function mutations cause lethality. A large proportion of mutant animals degenerate during embryogenesis, and the dying cells show morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis, namely, cell and nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as DNA degradation. Cloning of the human homolog of the ddlc1 gene, hdlc1, demonstrates that the dynein light-chain 1 is highly conserved in flies and humans. Northern blot analysis and epitope tagging show that the hdlc1 gene is ubiquitously expressed and that the human dynein light chain 1 is localized in the cytoplasm. hdlc1 maps to 14q24.
Synthesis and characterisation of methoxysilyl terminated polybutadienes (1991)

Abstract Polybutadienyllithium systems with M̄ n in the range 1.5 × 10 3 ‐20 × 10 3 are formed in hydrocarbon solvents by using n ‐butyllithium or 3‐dimethylamino‐propyllithium as initiator. These ‘living’ polymers, of low polydispersity and relatively high 1,4‐structure, react with 3‐chloropropyl(trimethoxy)silane at < − 20°C, in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, to give, primarily, polymers terminated by the 3‐chloropropyl(dimethoxy)silyl group, Si(OMe) 2 {(CH 2 ) 3 Cl}, as characterised by GPC and by 1 H, 13 C and 29 Si NMR studies. Quaternisation by iodomethane of the telechelic polybutadiene with a dimethylamino end‐group produces a silylated cationomer containing the terminal functionality, I −+ Me 3 N(CH 2 ) 3 . In some silylation reactions of polybutadienyllithium systems, especially at higher temperatures, and in related reactions with Si(OMe) 4 , polymers coupled via the silyl groups are also formed. Hydrolysis of the terminal dimethoxysilyl functions occurs under acidic or basic conditions; end‐group coupling to silica gel also occurs and other reactions have been investigated.
Behavior of Surface-Functionalized Multiwall Carbon Nanotube Nanofluids during Phase Change from Liquid Water to Solid Ice (2015)

Multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) nanofluids have been shown to enhance the crystallization process of water to ice. While the beneficial effects of MWCNTs on phase change processes are well-documented, little work has been conducted to investigate the behavior of MWCNTs during and after exposure to freezing conditions. In this work, the crystallization morphology of water droplets containing surface-functionalized hydrophilic MWCNTs was evaluated at three driving force temperatures and two concentrations of nanofluid. At low supercoolings, the MWCNTs are completely expelled from the crystal matrix due to slow solidification rates. At high supercoolings, the MWCNTs are embedded in the solid droplet within air volumes and interdendritic regions as a result of rapid crystallization speeds. The results show that the dispersion of MWCNTs within the solid ice matrix itself was not achieved at these levels of supercooling. Under all conditions, freezing of the colloidal system results in destabilization of the MWCNTs and loss of dispersion. These effects are important considerations for applications requiring successful freeze/thaw cycling of nanofluid systems as well as in the storage and transport of colloidal suspensions.
Atomic interactions of neonicotinoid agonists with AChBP: Molecular recognition of the distinctive electronegative pharmacophore (2008)

Acetylcholine-binding proteins (AChBPs) from mollusks are suitable structural and functional surrogates of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors when combined with transmembrane spans of the nicotinic receptor. These proteins assemble as a pentamer with identical ACh binding sites at the subunit interfaces and show ligand specificities resembling those of the nicotinic receptor for agonists and antagonists. A subset of ligands, termed the neonicotinoids, exhibit specificity for insect nicotinic receptors and selective toxicity as insecticides. AChBPs are of neither mammalian nor insect origin and exhibit a distinctive pattern of selectivity for the neonicotinoid ligands. We define here the binding orientation and determinants of differential molecular recognition for the neonicotinoids and classical nicotinoids by estimates of kinetic and equilibrium binding parameters and crystallographic analysis. Neonicotinoid complex formation is rapid and accompanied by quenching of the AChBP tryptophan fluorescence. Comparisons of the neonicotinoids imidacloprid and thiacloprid in the binding site from Aplysia californica AChBP at 2.48 and 1.94 A in resolution reveal a single conformation of the bound ligands with four of the five sites occupied in the pentameric crystal structure. The neonicotinoid electronegative pharmacophore is nestled in an inverted direction compared with the nicotinoid cationic functionality at the subunit interfacial binding pocket. Characteristic of several agonists, loop C largely envelops the ligand, positioning aromatic side chains to interact optimally with conjugated and hydrophobic regions of the neonicotinoid. This template defines the association of interacting amino acids and their energetic contributions to the distinctive interactions of neonicotinoids.
Antisense rescues babies from killer disease (2016)

Spinal muscular atrophy drug may herald treatments for other genetic brain illnesses.
Phenomenology of Noncrystalline Microphase Separation in Glass (1965)

Time‐temperature characteristics were established for the formation of a silica‐rich glassy microphase in a silicate glass. Plots of temperature versus nucleation time produced curves similar to those determined by Hillig for a glass‐crystal transformation. These experiments showed that a nucleation step was required for the formation of this glassy microphase. Electron micrographs indicated that the microphase growth was diffusion‐controlled. The results led to the conclusion that the multiphase structure which was developed in this glass corresponded to a liquid‐liquid separation.
Germylenes and stannylenes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGermylenes and stannylenesWilhelm P. NeumannCite this: Chem. Rev. 1991, 91, 3, 311–334Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00003a002https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00003a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2069Altmetric-Citations391LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Self-Powered, One-Stop, and Multifunctional Implantable Triboelectric Active Sensor for Real-Time Biomedical Monitoring (2016)

Operation time of implantable electronic devices is largely constrained by the lifetime of batteries, which have to be replaced periodically by surgical procedures once exhausted, causing physical and mental suffering to patients and increasing healthcare costs. Besides the efficient scavenging of the mechanical energy of internal organs, this study proposes a self-powered, flexible, and one-stop implantable triboelectric active sensor (iTEAS) that can provide continuous monitoring of multiple physiological and pathological signs. As demonstrated in human-scale animals, the device can monitor heart rates, reaching an accuracy of ∼99%. Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular premature contraction can be detected in real-time. Furthermore, a novel method of monitoring respiratory rates and phases is established by analyzing variations of the output peaks of the iTEAS. Blood pressure can be independently estimated and the velocity of blood flow calculated with the aid of a separate arterial pressure catheter. With the core-shell packaging strategy, monitoring functionality remains excellent during 72 h after closure of the chest. The in vivo biocompatibility of the device is examined after 2 weeks of implantation, proving suitability for practical use. As a multifunctional biomedical monitor that is exempt from needing an external power supply, the proposed iTEAS holds great potential in the future of the healthcare industry.
Advanced Wet-end System with Carboxymethyl-Cellulose (2004)

We developed a novel and practical method to greatly enhance the efficacy of wet-end chemicals. It involves the adsorption of carboxymethyl-cellulose (CMC) onto pulp. Investigation showed that paper made from CMC-treated pulp required up to 30% to 50% less wet-end additives than usual to obtain the desired quality when compared to paper made from non CMC-treated pulp. Furthermore, the study identified both the degree of substitution of CMC and electrical conductivity of the pulp slurry as key variables critical to CMC adsorption onto pulp. Improved fiber charge distribution, which facilitates improved wet-end additive distribution, is believed to be the main reason for the synergy seen when CMC is used in conjunction with wet end applications. Results of laboratory investigations and development of CMC application were effectively reproduced in mill trials. Application: Treating pulp fiber with CMC could reduce the dosage levels of wet-end additives, resulting in a cleaner mill system, improved quality, and increased economic efficiency.