gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Integer Linear Programming Model for Refinery Short-Term Scheduling of Crude Oil Unloading with Inventory Management (1996)

This paper addresses the problem of inventory management of a refinery that imports several types of crude oil which are delivered by different vessels. This problem involves optimal operation of crude oil unloading, its transfer from storage tanks to charging tanks, and the charging schedule for each crude oil distillation unit. A mixed-integer optimization model is developed which relies on time discretization. The problem involves bilinear equations due to mixing operations. However, the linearity in the form of a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) is maintained by replacing bilinear terms with individual component flows. The LP-based branch and bound method is applied to solve the model, and several techniques, such as priority branching and bounding, and special ordered sets are implemented to reduce the computation time. This formulation and solution method was applied to an industrial-size problem involving 3 vessels, 6 storage tanks, 4 charging tanks, and 3 crude oil distillation units over 15 time intervals. The MILP model contained 105 binary variables, 991 continuous variables, and 2154 constraints and was effectively solved with the proposed solution approach.
Assay and Content of Tissue Thromboplastin in Different Organs* (1965)

Summary 1. The assay of thromboplastin in tissues in terms of units of concentration by means of the double logarithmic graph is described and discussed. The significance of comparing thromboplastin in terms of concentrations and not in terms of activities is explained. 2. The concentration of thromboplastin in some human and animal organs is estimated. Great variations are encountered in concentrations. The differences are larger than is generally assumed from activity assays only. The possible role of these differences in the local repair of tissue injuries as part of the hemostatic balance is mentioned.
The Role of Mellefont in Lessing's Miss Sara Sampson (1974)

It is hardly necessary to-day to begin an article on Miss Sara Sampson with an apologia for treating the work as interesting in its own right, not merely as the first influential biirgerliches Trauerspiel in Germany.' Since 1949, when Otto Mann recognized in the play a mature work, rather than part of Lessing's dramatic apprenticeship,2 critics have concerned themselves with defining its moral viewpoint, linking this to the conception of the tragic which emerges, and finding an overall interpretation which might take into account the various strands of inner and outer action.3
PHARMACOKINETICS AND HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF RECOMBINANT HUMAN ERYTHROPOIETIN AFTER SUBCUTANEOUS ADMINISTRATIONS IN HORSES (1996)

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo) were investigated after subcutaneous administration to horses. Four horses received a single 30IU kg-1 dose of rHuEpo. One horse received three repeated doses of 120 IU kg-1 at 48 h intervals. Plasma erythropoietin (Epo) was measured by radioimmunoassay. In both cases pharmacokinetic parameters were evaluated using a one-compartment open model and first-order input and output rates. The mean values (+/-SD) for elimination half-life, CL/F, and Vd/F after a single dose were 12.9 +/- 3.34 h, 11.8 +/- 4.96 L h-1, and 233 +/- 126 L, respectively. After repeated doses, elimination half-life, CL/F, and Vdss/F were 11.3 h, 8.94 L h-1, and 145.6 L, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the haematological parameters after a single 30 IU kg-1 administration compared to baseline values. Multiple and high doses of rHuEpo modified red blood cells, haemoglobin, and hematocrit. According to our results, plasma Epo assay can help, during an antidoping control procedure, to support a positive result only up to 72 h after the last rHuEpo.
Hepatic metastases : diagnosis and management (1996)

Molecular basis of large bowel cancer metastases Conventional imaging technique Detection of occult liver metastases Resection: technique and results Surgery of hepatic artery perfusion Results of systemic chemotherapy for treatment of hepatic metastases Regional cytotoxic therapy Aspects of portal vein chemotherapy Isolated liver perfusion Radiotherapy Cryotherapy Percutaneous ethanol injections for hepatic metastases Laser treatment Hyperthermia Novel methods of pharmacological control.
Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 confers resistance to the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-<scp>d</scp>-glucose (2007)

Hypoxic regions within solid tumors harbor cells that are resistant to standard chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Because oxygen is required to produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, under hypoxia, cells rely more on glycolysis to generate ATP and are thereby sensitive to 2-deoxy-d-glucose (2-DG), an inhibitor of this pathway. Universally, cells respond to lowered oxygen tension by increasing the amount of glycolytic enzymes and glucose transporters via the well-characterized hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF). To evaluate the effects of HIF on 2-DG sensitivity, the following three models were used: (a) cells treated with oligomycin to block mitochondrial function in the presence (HIF(+)) or absence (HIF(-)) of hypoxia, (b) cells treated with small interfering RNA specific for HIF-1alpha and control cells cultured under hypoxia, and (c) a mutant cell line unable to initiate the HIF response and its parental HIF(+) counterpart under hypoxic conditions. In all three models, HIF increased resistance to 2-DG and other glycolytic inhibitors but not to other chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, HIF reduced the effects of 2-DG on glycolysis (as measured by ATP and lactate assays). Because HIF increases glycolytic enzymes, it follows that greater amounts of 2-DG would be required to inhibit glycolysis, thereby leading to increased resistance to it under hypoxia. Indeed, hexokinase, aldolase, and lactate dehydrogenase were found to be increased as a function of HIF under the hypoxic conditions and cell types we used; however, phosphoglucose isomerase was not. Although both hexokinase and phosphoglucose isomerase are known to interact with 2-DG, our findings of increased levels of hexokinase more likely implicate this enzyme in the mechanism of HIF-mediated resistance to 2-DG. Moreover, because 2-DG is now in phase I clinical trials, our results suggest that glycolytic inhibitors may be more effective clinically when combined with agents that inhibit HIF.
Correlating backbone‐to‐backbone distance to ionic conductivity in amorphous polymerized ionic liquids (2011)

Abstract The morphology and ionic conductivity of poly(1‐ n ‐alkyl‐3‐vinylimidazolium)‐based homopolymers polymerized from ionic liquids were investigated as a function of the alkyl chain length and counterion type. In general, X‐ray scattering showed three features: (i) backbone‐to‐backbone, (ii) anion‐to‐anion, and (iii) pendant‐to‐pendant characteristic distances. As the alkyl chain length increases, the backbone‐to‐backbone separation increases. As the size of counterion increases, the anion‐to‐anion scattering peak becomes apparent and its correlation length increases. The X‐ray scattering features shift to lower angles as the temperature increases due to thermal expansion. The ionic conductivity results show that the glass transition temperature ( T g ) is a dominant, but not exclusive, parameter in determining ion transport. The T g ‐independent ionic conductivity decreases as the backbone‐to‐backbone spacing increases. Further interpretation of the ionic conductivity using the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann equation enabled the correlation between polymer morphology and ionic conductivity, which highlights the importance of anion hoping between adjacent polymer backbones. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys, 2012
Alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila: isolation and characterization of messenger RNA and cDNA clone (1980)

The mRNA for alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) in D. melanogaster has been identified by translation in a cell-free system. The in vitro synthesized polypeptide, specifically precipitated by anti-ADH antibody, has identical subunit molecular weight (25,000 daltons) and tryptic peptide profile to the in vivo synthesized ADH. The poly A containing ADH-mRNA has been purified by specific precipitation of ADH-polysomes using anti-ADH antibody and S. aureus. Transformation of E. coli with the dA-tailed ADH-mRNA-complementary DNA hybrid annealed to the dT-tailed pBR322 yielded one plasmid which has been identified as the ADH-cDNA clone. The identification involved hybridization selection of ADH-mRNA and in vitro translation, in situ hybridization to the Adh locus on salivary gland polytene chromosomes and DNA sequencing. This ADH-cDNA plasmid contains 349 bases of the C-terminal protein coding and 180 bases of the 3' untranslated region.
A study of the role of noradrenaline in behavioural changes produced in the rat by psychotomimetic drugs (1969)

1. LSD-25, psilocybin and JB-329 reduced the noradrenaline content of the rat hypothalamus.2. All three drugs affected the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response, LSD-25 and psilocybin retarding and JB-329 enhancing the acquisition. With the exception of JB-329, doses affecting the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response were lower than those required to decide hypothalamic noradrenaline concentrations. The time of peak drug effect on the acquisition of a conditioned avoidance response occurred approximately 1.5 hr after injection as opposed to 3 hr in the case of noradrenaline content.3. The amount of LSD-25, psilocybin and JB-329 necessary to elicit gross behavioural excitation was similar to the dose producing noradrenaline depletion. Here also the peak behavioural effect was detected earlier.4. Pretreatment with reserpine and alpha-MT had no effect on the intensity of gross behavioural excitation induced by LSD-25 and psilocybin but shortened the duration of the response. The excitation induced by JB-329 was abolished by reserpine pretreatment and was markedly reduced both in intensity and duration by the prior injection of alpha-MT.
Persephonella hydrogeniphila sp. nov., a novel thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney (2003)

A novel thermophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, designated 29W(T), was isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney sample collected from the Suiyo Seamount in the Izu-Bonin Arc, Japan, at a depth of 1385 m. The cells were cocci (0.9-1.0 microm in diameter) and straight rods (2.3-2.7 microm long) under static and agitated culture conditions, respectively. The new isolate was an obligate chemolithoautotroph growing by respiratory nitrate reduction with H2, forming N2 as a final product. A very low concentration of O2 (optimum 0.6-0.8%, v/v) was also used as an alternative electron acceptor while reduced sulfur compounds did not serve as electron donors. Anoxic hydrogen-oxidizing growth with nitrate was observed between 50 and 72.5 degrees C (optimum 70 degrees C; 40 min doubling time), pH 5.5 and 7.6 (optimum pH 7.2), and in the presence of 1.5 and 5.0% NaCl (optimum 2.5%). The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 37.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA sequences indicated that the isolate was a member of the recently described genus Persephonella in a potential new family within the order Aquificales. On the basis of the physiological and molecular properties of the new isolate, the name Persephonella hydrogeniphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain 29W(T) (= JCM 11663(T) = DSM 15103(T)).
Electronic staining: elasticity imaging of atheroma with transcutaneous ultrasound (2004)

This paper describes a noninvasive method for evaluating regional elasticity in atheroma in which a novel method is applied to measure minute changes in thickness of each of the multiple layers of the arterial wall during one heartbeat. By comparing the pathological findings with the elasticity distribution, statistic parameters for lipid and a mixture of smooth muscle and collagen fiber can be determined. By applying the method to the common carotid arteries (CCAs), thin collagen fiber was clarified and soft inclusion of lipid in plaque was detected. This method offers potential for detection of plaque vulnerability in a clinical setting.
Electrophysiological responses of males of the potato cyst nematodes,<i>Globodera rostochiensis</i>and<i>G. pallida</i>, to their sex pheromones (1996)

Summary The response of individual adult males of the potato cyst nematodes, Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida , to sex pheromones from adult females was investigated using electrophysiological techniques. Each male nematode was pierced with an electrode close to the cephalic region and then exposed to pheromones from virgin females. Cellular responses in the form of action potentials were recorded as spike activity. The spike frequency produced by G. rostochiensis and G. pallida males increased significantly after the application of their homospecific pheromone. The spike frequency produced by G. pallida males also increased significantly after the application of G. rostochiensis female sex pheromone. In contrast, males of G. rostochiensis showed no significant response to G. pallida female sex pheromone. The electrophysiological results support and considerably extend information from agar plate behavioural bioassays.
Optical signal processing for optical packet switching networks (2003)

Optical packet switching promises to bring the flexibility and efficiency of the Internet to transparent optical networking with bit rates extending beyond that currently available with electronic router technologies. New optical signal processing techniques have been demonstrated that enable routing at bit rates from 10 Gb/s to beyond 40 Gb/s. We review these signal processing techniques and how all-optical-wavelength converter technology can be used to implement packet switching functions. Specific approaches that utilize-ultra-fast all-optical nonlinear fiber wavelength converters and monolithically integrated optical wavelength converters are discussed and research results presented.
Site‐directed mutagenesis and epitope‐mapped monoclonal antibodies define a catalytically important conformational difference between human placental and germ cell alkaline phosphatase (1991)

Placental (PLAP) and germ cell (GCAP) alkaline phosphatases were probed immunologically with a library of 18 murine monoclonal antibodies reacting with different conformational epitopes on PLAP. Three main antigenic domains (I, II and III) were mapped by antibody competition experiments and the relative binding of the antibodies to site-directed PLAP mutants. Relative affinities of each of the antibodies for the wild type (wt) GCAP were 2-3-fold lower than the values found for wt PLAP. Relative affinity was determined for a series of PLAP mutants, in which one, two or three amino acids were substituted for the corresponding wt GCAP residues by site-directed mutagenesis. Substitutions at residues 15, 38, 67, 241 or 254 induced a major decrease in affinity (6-10-fold) primarily for those antibodies reacting within domain I, whereas changes at positions 84 and 297 led to a 2-3-fold enhancement of affinities as measured with antibodies reacting within the three domains. Arg209 was found to constitute the only difference between the S and F allelic phenotypes of PLAP and to structure the epitope for the F/S allotype-discriminating antibodies. Arg241 was found to constitute the epitope for the antibody 17E3 that discriminates between PLAP and GCAP. Mutagenesis at position 68 or 133 had little effect on the overall reactivity with the antibody panel. Substitution in wt PLAP of Glu429 for Gly429 or even for His429 (found at this position in tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase) and Ser429 (found in the intestinal alkaline phosphatase) induced a general decrease in affinities as detected by 16 of the 18 antibodies. The conformational change accompanying mutagenesis of Glu429 in PLAP, is important in view of the recent identification of Gly429 as the major determinant of the unique GCAP inhibition by the uncompetitive inhibitor L-Leu. Relative affinity values determined for the rare L-Leu sensitive heterodimeric FD and SD PLAP phenotypes, suggested that the reactivity pattern of the D homodimer with the antibody panel, would resemble more closely that of wt GCAP than wt PLAP. Our data suggest that the uncompetitive inhibition of GCAP by L-Leu is due to an enzymatically critical conformational change in a loop region proximal to the active site of the enzyme, induced by substitution of a single amino acid residue.
Moving forward on gait measurement: Toward a more refined approach (2013)

Gait is emerging as a powerful measurement tool in neurodegenerative disorders to identify markers of incipient pathology, inform diagnostic algorithms and disease progression, and measure the efficacy of interventions. However, it is unclear which of the many gait outcomes is most appropriate for each of these purposes. In this review, we summarise key topics relating to gait measurement. We draw on literature from Parkinson's disease, ageing, and neurodegenerative disease to address the issue of variable selection with the goal of moving toward a structured approach to measurement. Findings from this review identify a wide range of spatiotemporal and dynamic characteristics; however, their suitability differs according to the aim of measurement. Gait speed is useful as a global characteristic of performance but may not capture the nature of underlying pathology. Inconsistent application, reporting, and interpretation of gait outcomes currently preclude a prescriptive approach. Conceptual models of gait may facilitate a reasoned approach to outcome selection. We also recommend harmonisation of protocols, longitudinal cohort studies, and use of novel technologies and methods of analysis to provide a complete picture of gait. Gait characteristics are "fit for purpose" when selected according to a clear rationale and in accordance with their clinimetric properties. Evidence supports the use of gait as a biomarker of disease and to complement diagnosis and inform disease management. A structured approach to measurement is urgently required to fully realise the contribution gait can make to our understanding of neurodegenerative disease.
A Supermarket Model for Health Education Projects (1973)

(1973). A Supermarket Model for Health Education Projects. School Health Review: Vol. 4, Health Education in Elementary and Hight Schools, pp. 19-21.
Characterization of Matrix Polymers for Electron-Beam-Cured Fiber-Reinforced Composites (1993)

Developing products and processes for electron-beam (EB) curing is currently the focus of several industrial research groups, including the Radiation Applications Research Branch (RARB) of AECL Research. Electron-beam treatment initiates polymerization and crosslinking reactions in suitable matrices, curing the polymer and enhancing specific physical and chemical properties. Resin characterization has been the focus of our recent composite research. The effects of EB dose, dose rate and moisture on the properties of carbon fabric laminates are being studied as part of the program. Several EB-curable resins and blends were evaluated as matrices for carbonfiber-reinforced composites. Their curing doses ranged from 30 to 150 kGy. The maximum glass transition temperature (Tg) was obtained in a proprietary epoxy diacrylate polymer (204°C). The mechanical properties of the composite were also affected by the EB dose and dose rate.
Solar Technology Application to Enhanced Oil Recovery (1979)

One proposed near-term commercial application for solar energy technology is the use of solar energy systems to generate steam for thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR). This report examines four aspects of solar energy employed for steam EOR. First, six solar technologies are evaluated and two - parabolic troughs and central receivers - are selected for closer study; typical systems that would meet current production requirements are proposed and costed. Second, the legal and environmental issues attending solar EOR are analyzed. Third, the petroleum producing companies' preferences and requirements are discussed. Finally, alternative means of financing solar EOR are addressed. The study concludes that within the next four to five years, conventional (fossil-fueled) thermal EOR means are much less expensive and more available than solar EOR systems, even given environmental requirements. Within 10 to 15 years, assuming specified advances in solar technologies, central receiver EOR systems will be significantly more cost-effective than parabolic trough EOR systems and will be price competitive with conventional thermal EOR systems. Important uncertainties remain (both in solar energy technologies and in how they affect the operating characteristics of petroleum reservoirs) that need resolution before definitive projections can be made.
Efficacy and safety of over-the-counter analgesics in the treatment of common cold and flu (2006)

Despite the lack of clinical data on the safety and efficacy of analgesics for the treatment of colds and flu symptoms a case can be made that these medicines are safe and effective for treatment of these common illnesses.
Inheritance of Resistance in Melon PI 313970 to Cucurbit Powdery Mildew Incited by Podosphaera xanthii Race S (2011)

A new strain of cucurbit powdery mildew incited by Podosphaera xanthii (Castagne) Braun & Shishkoff (formerly Sphaerotheca fuliginea ), designated race S, is virulent on all the commonly used melon ( Cucumis melo L.) powdery mildew race differentials and first appeared on melon in Yuma, AZ, and Imperial Valley, CA, in 2003. Melon PI 313970 ( C. melo var. acidulus ) was resistant to P. xanthii race S in 2003 and subsequent years. Inheritance of resistance to P. xanthii race S was studied in two naturally infected, replicated field tests in Imperial Valley in 2005 and 2009 using the parents and F 1 , F 2 , and reciprocal backcross generations from crosses of PI 313970 with powdery mildew-susceptible ‘Top Mark’. Resistance to race S was recessive: all F 1 and BC TM individuals were susceptible. One recessive gene, designated pm-S , conditioned resistance to race S in the F 2 and BC PI . The relationship of pm-S to the previously reported recessive and codominant genes in PI 313970 for resistance to P. xanthii races 1, 2, 2U.S., 3, 3.5, 4.5, and 5 remains to be determined.
Realization of high‐efficiency deep‐UV LEDs using transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer (2013)

Abstract We demonstrated high‐efficiency deep‐ultraviolet light‐emitting diodes (DUV‐LEDs) by improving light‐extraction efficiency (LEE) by using a transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer and a highly‐reflective p‐type electrode. We fabricated DUV‐LEDs with emission wavelengths between 265‐288 nm using p‐AlGaN contact layers with compositional wavelength at around 275 nm. The reflectivity of p‐type electrode was increased to be approximately 70% by introducing Ni(1nm)/Al layers. The external quantum efficiency (EQE) of the 287 nm LED was increased from 2% to 5.5% by replacing conventional p‐GaN contact layer by transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer. The increase of LEE was estimated to be by approximately more than 1.7 times. The use of transparent p‐AlGaN contact layer is considered to be basic and quite important technique in order to obtain high LEE in DUV LEDs. The EQE of DUV‐LED would be much increased by optimizing the device structure and by combining with other approaches to improve LEE. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)