gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Normally-off hybrid Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/GaN MOSFET on silicon substrate based on wet-etching (2014)

This paper reports a normally-off high voltage hybrid Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /GaN gate-recessed MOSFET fabricated on silicon substrate. The normally off operation was implemented by digital gate recess using an oxidation and wet etching based AlGaN barrier remove technique. The Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /GaN MOSFET features a true normally off operation with a threshold voltage of 2 V extracted by the linear extrapolation of the transfer curve. The three terminal off-state breakdown voltage is 1650 V for the device with 30 μm gate-drain distance with floating Si substrate. The breakdown voltage is limited to 1000 V when the Si substrate is grounded. The on-resistance is 7.0 mΩ·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the device with 30 μm gate-drain distance and the power figure of merit is 388 MW/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The small signal RF performance of the normally-off GaN MOSFET is also evaluated.
RTVR: a flexible java library for interactive volume rendering (2001)

This paper presents several distinguishing design features of RTVR - a Java-based library for real-time volume rendering. We describe, how the careful design of data structures, which in our case are based on voxel enumeration, and an intelligent use of look-up tables enable interactive volume rendering even on low-end PC hardware. By assigning voxels to distinct objects within the volume and by using an individual setup and combination of look-up tables for each object, object-aware rendering is performed: different transfer functions, shading models, and also compositing modes can be mixed within a single scene to depict each object in the most appropriate way, while still providing rendering results in real-time. While providing frame rates similar to volume visualization using 3D consumer hardware, the approach utilized by RTVR offers much more flexibility and extensibility due to its pure software nature. Furthermore, due to the memory-efficiency of the data representation and the implementation in Java, RTVR can be used to provide volume viewing facilities over low-bandwidth networks, with almost full control over rendering and visualization mapping parameters (clipping, shading, compositing, transfer function) for the user. This paper also addresses specific problems which arise by the use of Java for interactive Visualization.
Water oxidation catalyzed by a charge-neutral mononuclear ruthenium(<scp>iii</scp>) complex (2016)

A new charge-neutral Ru(iii) complex RuL(pic)<sub>3</sub> (1) (H3L = 3,6-di-tert-butyl-9H-carbazole-1,8-dicarboxylic acid, pic = 4-picoline) was synthesized and fully characterized. This complex promoted chemical and photochemical water oxidation efficiently with turnover frequencies of 0.28 s<sup>-1</sup> and 5 min<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. In particular, for photochemical water oxidation, complex 1 showed excellent stability and good activity. The X-ray crystal structure, electrochemical results, and the detection of the Ru<sup>IV</sup>-OH intermediate by high-resolution mass spectrometry revealed that complex 1 exchanged its 4-picoline ligand with water at the Ru<sup>III</sup> state to form the authentic water oxidation catalyst. The kinetics studies suggested a reaction mechanism involving nucleophilic attack by a water molecule.
A free‐volume model for photopolymerizable/cross‐linkable dry‐film systems (1982)

Abstract A photopolymerizable/cross‐linkable dry‐film system is generally a compatible mixture of three main ingredients: a preformed polymeric binder, a multifunctional polymerizable monomer, and a photoinitiating system. The photographic speed of systems sensitized with certain free‐radical sensitizers which undergo intermolecular hydrogen‐abstraction (e.g., benzophenone/Michler's ketone) is proportional to the excess fractional free volume ( V f − V fg ), of the dry coating. Free‐volume dependence appears to be determined by the molecular size or configuration of the actual initiating species. We used as a working model the copolymer system poly[4,4′‐isopropylidenediphenylene‐1,1,3‐trimethyl‐3‐phenylindan‐5,4′‐dicarboxylate:azelate] and tri(6‐acryloyloxyhexyl)‐1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylate as the polymerizable/cross‐linkable monomer. A mathematical model based on experimental data and the free‐volume theory was developed. The photographic speed of a photopolymerizable/cross‐linkable dry‐film system suffering from free‐volume dependence can be correlated with the glass transition temperatures of the polymeric binder and the monomer, the volume fraction of the monomer, and the temperature of exposure.
Analysing the Gender Dimensions of Tourism as a Development Strategy (2009)

For several decades, the relationship between tourism and development has been explored in the discipline of tourism studies and in policy-making circles. However, very little research has been carried out into the gender dimensions of this relationship. This paper is a first attempt to unpack some of the issues involved in such an undertaking, and to provide an overview of some of the key empirical areas that need to be taken into account for further research. Using the third Millennium Development Goal – gender equality and women’s empowerment – as its focus, this paper explores this theme from a critical perspective informed by feminist approaches to development. Combining literature reviews, analysis of policy documents and primary research this paper aims to provide an overview of the potential of tourism to contribute to the gender equality and women’s empowerment, and the tensions and complexities that this presents. It concludes by offering some tentative policy recommendations and an agenda for future research.
Some Educational Imperatives regarding the Peaceful Pursuit of Intergroup Accommodation in a Plural Society (1978)

When one begins discussing the various options which are open to the plural societies in relationship to the pursuing of peaceful intergroup accommodation it becomes increasingly apparent that the mere listing of a plethora of options is, probably, not appropriate. It is not the intent of this paper to pursue a massively designed multiple-option approach. Instead this writer’s thrust is designed to place keen emphasis upon the critical issue of education as the principal option which must be aggressively dealt with by the pluralistic society, as it seeks to accommodate the needs, longings and even demands of various subgroups within the matrix. In effect, it is suggested that education becomes the central pivot upon which all plural societies must platform their endeavours as designed to deal with the goal of peaceful intergroup accommodation. It becomes the keystone of the arch. It becomes one, if not the overriding consideration. This is not to say that education is proposed to the exclusion of political decision-making freedom, economic opportunity equality, social intermingling equality, and/or freedom of movement equality. Instead it is merely presented as one of the principal ingredients in whatever thrusts are designed by plural societies as a means of ensuring some semblance of progress toward an announced goal of peaceful intergroup accommodation.
Body Composition Predicts Bone Mineral Density and Balance in Premenopausal Women (2000)

Low bone mineral density (BMD) and poor stability both contribute to increased risk of fractures associated with a fall. Our aim in this cross-sectional study was to determine the anthropometric and/or performance variables that best predicted BMD and stability in women. BMD, body composition, muscle strength, muscle power, and dynamic stability were evaluated in 61 women (age 40 +/- 4 years; % body fat 27% +/- 5%). In correlation analyses, BMD at all sites was significantly related to height, lean mass, strength, and leg power (r2 = 0.25-0.49). Significant inverse relationships were found between all independent variables and dynamic stability (r2 = 0.23-0.52). In stepwise regression, lean mass independently predicted BMD at the femoral neck (R2 = 0.20), total hip (R2 = 0.24), and whole body (R2 = 0.17), whereas hip abductor torque predicted 23% of the variance in trochanter BMD and added 6% to the variance in total hip BMD. Leg power was the only predictor of spine BMD (R2 = 0.14). Fat and lean mass both independently predicted poor performance on postural stability, with fat mass contributing 31% of the total variance (R2 = 0.38). In conclusion, we found lean mass to be a robust predictor of BMD in premenopausal women. Furthermore, both hip abductor torque and leg power independently predicted BMD at clinically relevant fracture sites (hip and spine). The finding that higher fat mass contributes to the majority of the variance in poor stability indicates that greater fat mass may compromise stability and, thus, increase fall risk in heavier individuals.
Generation of uncorrelated photon-pairs in an optical fiber (2008)

We demonstrate experimentally the realization of heralded pure photons generation in a birefringent optical fiber.
Effects of Urinary Extracts from Patients with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura or Aplastic Anemia on Rodent Platelet Production and Megakaryocytopoiesis (1987)

Urinary extracts from idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, aplastic anemia (AA) patients and normal subjects were investigated for their effects on in vivo platelet production, and both in vitro and in vivo megakaryocytopoiesis in rodents. Daily intraperitoneal injection of 1.2 absorbance units (AU, A278) of urinary protein for three consecutive days induced statistically significant increases in rat blood platelet numbers. This increase was observed for 1 of 4 ITP urinary extracts and for all 3 AA urinary extracts, and occurred 24 h after the final injection. In vitro levels of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor (Meg-CSF) in ITP urinary extracts were similar to those of normal urinary extracts, and were in dramatic contrast to the markedly elevated levels of Meg-CSF in extracts from AA urine. A single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 AU of AA urinary protein induced a significant increase in spleen-derived megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (CFU-meg) 48 h past injection. In the group injected with ITP urinary extract, CFU-meg levels remained within normal limits. These results provide evidence that urinary extracts of ITP patients do not contain increased levels of Meg-CSF and a factor which directly stimulates in vivo CFU-meg production, and that the decrease in circulating platelet numbers that is characteristic of ITP patients is not a primary in vivo determinant in the elaboration of these factors.
The Performance Analysis of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms Based on Wavelet Edge Detection (2009)

The wavelet edge detection had a wide application in signal processing. In reference [1], Zhi Tian and G B Giannakis proposed a multiscale products wavelet edge detection based spectrum sensing method. In this paper, the performance of forementioned algorithm is analyzed. Then we compare this method with the edge detection using wavelet multiscale sums. From the analysis and comparison, conclusion is drawn out that multiscale products method can't detect the ultra-narrowband signals and the signals with slowly changing power spectrum density (PSD) at the same time. However, the multiscale sums method can solve this conflict effectively. Unfortunately, the multiscale sums method has some difficulty in locating the precise singularity points. For the purpose of demonstration, some simulations are given to accompany with theoretical analysis.
"Tailored" organometallics as precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of high-purity palladium and platinum thin films (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Tailored" organometallics as precursors for the chemical vapor deposition of high-purity palladium and platinum thin filmsJohn E. Gozum, Deborah M. Pollina, James A. Jensen, and Gregory S. GirolamiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 8, 2688–2689Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00216a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00216a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views475Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Optical retrodirective tracking system approach using an array of phase conjugators for communication and power transmission (2007)

A new concept for a retrodirective tracking system applicable for communication and power transmission is proposed. In the proposed concept, the power transmitter utilizes a receiver's pilot signal to obtain information about its direction by conjugating the signal's phase inside a nonlinear medium. Power is therefore transmitted back to the receiver by the phase-conjugated signal beam. The power can be concentrated by an array of phase conjugators, which provides a large aperture so that the intensity can be increased on the receiver's photovoltaic panels compared to a single element. Controlling the phase and the direction of the readout beams in the four-wave-mixing process provides control over the interference pattern, its position, and its size. A numerical analysis is given for the phase and spot size control, and measurements with two Co-doped Sr(x)Ba(1-x)Nb(2)O(6) (Co:SBN) crystals confirm the occurrence of interference that is achieved for the case of two beams.
CONTROLLED AND ADAPTIVE MESH ZIPPERING (2010)

Merging meshes is a recurrent need in geometry modeling and it is a critical step in the 3D acquisition pipeline, where it is used for building a single mesh from several range scans. A pioneering simple and effective solution to merging is represented by the Zippering algorithm (Turk and Levoy, 1994), which consists of simply stitching the meshes together along their borders. In this paper we propose a new extended version of the zippering algorithm that enables the user to control the resulting mesh by introducing quality criteria in the selection of redundant data, and allows to zip together meshes with different granularity by an ad hoc refinement algorithm.
Condensation of Mixed Vapors (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCondensation of Mixed VaporsJohn L. Wallace and Albert W. DaisonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 8, 948–953Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50344a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50344a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Phase Transfer Catalyst (PTC) Catalyzed Alkylations of Glycinamides for Asymmetric Syntheses of $\alpha$-Amino Acid Derivatives (2001)

The chiral amine auxiliary mediated stereoselective alkylation reactions of glycinamides 1-6 and 15-17 using phase transfer catalyst (PTC) for liquid-solid extraction are described. The secondary N-(diphenylmethylene) glycinamides 1, 2 and 3 give better selectivities and yields than tertiary N-(diphenylmethylene) glycinamides 4, 5 and 6. Alkylation of the glycinamide 1 and 2 using 18-Crown-6 as a PTC in toluene at gives best selectivities and yields. Alkylations of N-(4-chlorophenylmethylene)glycinamides 15, 16 and 17 under same PTC conditions give , amino acid derivatives 18, 19 and 20 with low diastereoselectivities.
Pulmonary surfactant (1984)

The mammalian lung is stabilized by a specialized material, the pulmonary surfactant, which acts by reversibly reducing the surface tension at the air-liquid interface of the lung during breathing. Pulmonary surfactant contains approximately 90% lipid and 10% proteins. Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, the major lipid component, appears to be primarily responsible for the ability to reduce surface tension to near 0 dyn/cm (1 dyn = 10 microN). The other components of pulmonary surfactant promote the adsorption and spreading of this disaturated lecithin at the air-liquid interface. Surfactant activity can be accessed by physical and biological assays. Apparent discrepancies between the results obtained with the Wilhelmy plate surface balance and the pulsating bubble surfactometer have led to the suggestion that separate "protein-facilitated" (catalytic type) and "protein-mediated" (chemical type) processes may be involved in adsorption and (or) spreading at the different surfactant concentrations used with these two techniques. Artificial surfactants, which mimic the essential properties of the natural product with the pulsating bubble surfactometer, can be produced with synthetic lipids. Treatment of prematurely delivered infants suffering from the neonatal respiratory distress syndrome with lipid extracts of pulmonary surfactant leads to a marked improvement in gaseous exchange.
[89Zr]Oxinate4 for long-term in vivo cell tracking by positron emission tomography (2014)

[(89)Zr]Oxinate4 offers a potential solution to the emerging need for a long half-life PET tracer for cell tracking in vivo and deserves further evaluation of its effects on survival and behaviour of different cell types.
Scene extraction in motion pictures (2003)

This paper addresses the challenge of bridging the semantic gap between the rich meaning users desire when they query to locate and browse media and the shallowness of media descriptions that can be computed in today's content management systems. To facilitate high-level semantics-based content annotation and interpretation, we tackle the problem of automatic decomposition of motion pictures into meaningful story units, namely scenes. Since a scene is a complicated and subjective concept, we first propose guidelines from film production to determine when a scene change occurs. We then investigate different rules and conventions followed as part of film grammar that would guide and shape an algorithmic solution for determining a scene. Two different techniques using intershot analysis are proposed as solutions in this paper. In addition, we present different refinement mechanisms, such as film-punctuation detection founded on film grammar, to further improve the results. These refinement techniques demonstrate significant improvements in overall performance. Furthermore, we analyze errors in the context of film-production techniques, which offer useful insights into the limitations of our method.
Extraction of single bunches of synchrotron radiation from storage rings with an X-ray chopper based on a rotating mirror (1999)

An ultrafast shutter has been developed for alteration of the time structure of synchrotron radiation from storage rings in the hard X-ray regime. In test applications on the wiggler beamline BW6 at DORIS, single bunches were extracted from the incident pulsed synchrotron radiation with minimum bunch-to-bunch distances of 482 ns. Even substantially shorter time windows may be defined in the case of tight collimation in the incident beam, e.g. on low-emittance sources. The shutter system is based on a new chopper concept involving a rotating X-ray mirror which totally reflects the incident radiation onto the sample through a remote slit. Rather low rotational velocities are sufficient to reach extremely short full open times. An additional shutter consisting of a slowly rotating disk prevents frame overlap and controls the repetition rate. A coincidence timing circuit checks the synchronization with the synchrotron bunch clock and provides trigger signals, e.g. for external excitation of a sample. The chopper system may be used, for example, in nanosecond time-resolved Laue diffraction experiments.
Rfam 11.0: 10 years of RNA families (2012)

The Rfam database (available via the website at http://rfam.sanger.ac.uk and through our mirror at http://rfam.janelia.org) is a collection of non-coding RNA families, primarily RNAs with a conserved RNA secondary structure, including both RNA genes and mRNA cis-regulatory elements. Each family is represented by a multiple sequence alignment, predicted secondary structure and covariance model. Here we discuss updates to the database in the latest release, Rfam 11.0, including the introduction of genome-based alignments for large families, the introduction of the Rfam Biomart as well as other user interface improvements. Rfam is available under the Creative Commons Zero license.
Changes in the contents of free sugar of tea shoots during development and by shade culture. (1985)

やぶきた成木園において遮光区と露光区を設け,一番茶期と三番茶期に生育度別に4回に分けて茶芽を摘採し,個々の遊離糖含量を測定した。さらに,一番茶期中期の茶芽(1心4葉)を用いて葉位別の遊離糖含量を測定した。その結果,次のようなことが明らかとなった。(1) 遮光区のStaを除き,いずれの遊離糖含量も茶芽の生育が進むに伴い増加し,特に出開度が90%を越した頃から急増した。(2) 生育が進んだ後期の茶芽では一番茶期の方が,三番茶期よりやや多いようであったが,中期までの茶芽では大差なく,茶期による遊離糖含量の差異については明確な傾向は認められなかった。(3) いずれの遊離糖も,露光区の方が遮光区より茶芽の生育に伴う増加割合が大きかった。その結果,同一茶期で同一生育度の茶芽では露光区の方が含量が多かった。(4) 葉位別では,いずれの遊離糖も葉位が下がるにしたがって含量が増加したが,各遊離糖の比率はいずれの葉位でも大差なかった。一方,緑茎ではFruの比率が葉部よりも大きく,葉部では10～20%であったが緑茎では約35%であった。それに対し,Sucの比率は葉部よりも緑茎の方が小さく,葉部では65～80%であったが緑茎では約50%であった。なお,Glcの比率は葉部と緑茎で大差なかった。